bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adding Silica Nanoparticles on the Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Action, and the Hardness of Dental Stone Type 4
Authors: Aghbolaghi Navid , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Negahdari Ramin , Jamei Khosroshahi Amir Reza , Rezaei Yashar , Bohlouli Sepideh , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding silica nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties, antimicrobial action, and the hardness of dental stone type 4. Dental stone type 4 powder was physically mixed with nanoparticle powder at weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 percent). The required amount of powder was added to water according to the manufacturer's instructions. The prepared set materials were subjected to the physicochemical studies; Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was taken up to investigate the functional groups and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the crystallinity. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the prepared samples. Agar diffusion test was carried out for the prepared samples against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to test the average growth inhibition zones. Finally, the Vickers surface hardness test was performed for each group using a hardness tester. The adding silica nanoparticles to dental stone type 4 increased the diameter of inhibition zones for the groups in both bacteria significantly (

p

< 0.05). The results showed that adding silica nanoparticles to dental stone type 4 increased the diameter of inhibition zones for the groups in both bacteria significantly (

p

< 0.0001). There was a significant difference between all groups and the 0% group in both bacteria (

p

< 0.0001). Besides, the adding of silica nanoparticles to dental stone type 4 increased the surface hardness significantly (

p

= 0.0057) without any effect on physicochemical properties. The 0% and the 0.5% groups had significant differences with the 2% group (

p

= 0.0046 and

p

= 0.0205 respectively). Then, at least 2% silica nanoparticles are needed for a significant increase. Clinical trials are needed to enlarge for dental stone type 4 containing silica nanoparticles in the future.
Efficacy of Apatinib plus S-1 Therapy in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients and the Effect on the Levels of Tumor Markers and Th1 and Th2-Like Cytokines
Authors: Gu Jishu , Ni Xuejiao , Ji Jinfeng , Wei Guohua , Shi Lei , Xu Chunming 
Published: April 2022

Objective. To assess the efficacy of apatinib plus S-1 therapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients and the effect on the levels of tumor markers and Th1 and Th2-like cytokines. Methods. From October 2019 to December 2020, 100 patients with advanced gastric cancer assessed for eligibility were recruited and assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either S-1 regimen (tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium capsules) (observation group) or apatinib plus S-1 therapy (experimental group). Outcome measures included clinical efficacy serum tumor marker levels, Th1 and Th2-like cytokine levels, time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Results. The S-1 therapy plus apatinib was associated with a significantly higher efficacy versus S-1 therapy alone (

P

< 0.05). The eligible patients given S-1 therapy plus apatinib showed significantly lower levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glycoantigen 199 (CA199), and glycoantigen 125 (CA125) versus those receiving S-1 therapy (

P

< 0.05). S-1 therapy plus apatinib outperformed the single therapy of S-1 therapy in mitigating the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (

P

< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (

P

> 0.05). S-1 therapy plus apatinib was associated with a significantly shorter TTP (5.2 ± 0.7 months) and a longer OS (9.3 ± 2.5 months) versus S-1 therapy alone (7.1 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.3 months) (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. The efficacy of apatinib plus S-1 therapy showed better improvement in lowering the serum tumor marker levels and ameliorating the Th1 and Th2-like cytokine levels versus S-1 therapy alone, so it is worthy of clinical application.
Stage Shift as an Endpoint in Cancer Screening Trials: Implications for Evaluating Multicancer Early Detection Tests
Authors: Owens Lukas , Gulati Roman , Etzioni Ruth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Disease-specific mortality is a consensus endpoint in cancer screening trials. New liquid biopsy-based screening tests, including multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests, are creating a need to reduce the typically lengthy screening trial process. Endpoints based on the reduction in late-stage disease (stage shift) have been proposed but it is unclear how well they predict the impact of screening on disease-specific mortality across a variety of cancers potentially detectable by MCED tests.

Methods:
We develop a mathematical formulation relating the reduction in late-stage cancer to the expected reduction in disease-specific mortality if cases diagnosed early via screening receive a corresponding shift in mortality. We investigate the similarity between the expected mortality reduction and the observed mortality reduction in published trials of screening for breast, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer.

Results:
The expected mortality reduction for a given stage shift varies significantly depending on cancer- and stage-specific survival distributions, with some cancer types showing little possibility for mortality improvement even under substantial stage shift. The expected mortality reduction fails to consistently match the mortality outcomes of published trials.

Conclusions:
In MCED, any mortality benefit is likely to vary substantially across target cancers. Stage shift does not appear to be a reliable basis for inference about mortality reduction across cancers potentially detectable by MCED tests.

Impact:
Stage shift may be an appealing endpoint for evaluation of cancer screening tests but it appears to be an unreliable predictor of mortality benefit; furthermore, the same stage shift can mean different things for different cancers.
Poor Oral Health and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Ji , Bellocco Rino , Sandborgh-Englund Gunilla , Yu Jingru , Sällberg Chen Margaret , Ye Weimin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Previous research indicates that poor dental health increases risks for certain types of cancers, including esophageal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association with esophageal cancer using Swedish Dental Health Register.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study. The exposures were dental diagnoses classified into healthy, caries, root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis, as well as number of remaining teeth, at baseline and during multiple visits. The outcome was the incidence of esophageal cancer, which was further divided into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and its corresponding confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
A total of 5,042,303 individuals were included in the study and 1,259 EAC and 758 ESCC cases were identified. Root canal infection at baseline was associated with 41% higher risk for EAC (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10–1.82), whereas periodontitis at baseline was linked to 32% and 45% higher risks for respective histopathological subtypes (HR for EAC, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.13–1.53; HR for ESCC, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20–1.75). Fewer remaining teeth at baseline also increased the risks for both histopathological types of esophageal cancer, with a dose–response effect (Ptrend &lt; 0.01). Cox regression analyses with time-varying exposures corroborated the above-mentioned results.

Conclusions:
Impaired dental health before cancer diagnosis is associated with excess risks for both histopathological subtypes of esophageal cancer.

Impact:
Our study provided corroborating evidence for the association between poor oral health and esophageal cancer risk.
Combination Neoantigen-Based Dendritic Cell Vaccination and Adoptive T-Cell Transfer Induces Antitumor Responses Against Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Peng Sui , Chen Shuling , Hu Wei , Mei Jie , Zeng Xuezhen , Su Tianhong , Wang Wei , Chen Zebin , Xiao Han , Zhou Qian , Li Bin , Xie Yubin , Hu Huanjing , He Minghui , Han Yanyan , Tang Longqing , Ma Yifan , Li Xiaoshuang , Zhou Xiangjun , Dai Zihao , Liu Zelong , Tan Jiehui , Xu Lixia , Li Shaoqiang , Shen Shunli , Li Dongming , Lai Jiaming , Peng Baogang , Peng Zhenwei , Kuang Ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

A high rate of recurrence after curative therapy is a major challenge for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, no effective adjuvant therapy is available to prevent HCC recurrence. We designed a personalized neoantigen-loaded dendritic cell vaccine and neoantigen-activated T-cell therapy, and used it as adjuvant therapy to treat 10 patients with HCC who had undergone curative resection or radiofrequency ablation in the first stage of a phase II trial (NCT03067493). The primary outcomes were safety and neoantigen-specific immune response. Disease-free survival (DFS) was also evaluated. The immunotherapy was successfully administered to all the patients without unexpected delay and demonstrated a reasonable safety profile with no grade ≥3 treatment-related side effects reported. Seventy percent of patients generated de novo circulating multiclonal neoantigen-specific T-cell responses. Induced neoantigen-specific immunity was maintained over time, and epitope spreading was observed. Patients who generated immune responses to treatment exhibited prolonged DFS compared with nonresponders (P = 0.012), with 71.4% experiencing no relapse for 2 years after curative treatment. High expression of an immune stimulatory signature, enhanced immune-cell infiltration (i.e., CD8+ T cells), and upregulated expression of T-cell inflammatory gene profiles were found in the primary tumors of the responders. In addition, neoantigen depletion (immunoediting) was present in the recurrent tumors compared with the primary tumors (7/9 vs. 1/17, P = 0.014), suggesting that immune evasion occurred under the pressure of immunotherapy. Our study indicates that neoantigen-based combination immunotherapy is feasible, safe, and has the potential to reduce HCC recurrence after curative treatment.
How Do Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations Affect Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease Who Underwent Different Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?
Authors: Cui Kongyong , Yin Dong , Zhu Chenggang , Song Weihua , Wang Hongjian , Jia Lei , Zhang Rui , Wang Haoyu , Cai Zhongxing , Feng Lei , Dou Kefei 
Published: April 2022

Background
Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) plays an important role in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease through its proatherogenic and prothrombotic effects. We hypothesized that prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) might be beneficial for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention who had elevated Lp(a) levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lp(a) on the efficacy and safety of prolonged DAPT versus shortened DAPT in stable patients with coronary artery disease who were treated with a drug‐eluting stent.

Methods and Results
We selected 3201 stable patients with CAD from the prospective Fuwai Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Registry, of which 2124 patients had Lp(a) ≤30 mg/dL, and 1077 patients had Lp(a) >30 mg/dL. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to Lp(a) levels and the duration of DAPT therapy (≤1 year versus >1 year). The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event, defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The median follow‐up time was 2.5 years. Among patients with elevated Lp(a) levels, DAPT >1 year presented lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event and definite/probable stent thrombosis compared with DAPT ≤1 year. In contrast, in patients with normal Lp(a) levels, the risks of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event and definite/probable stent thrombosis were not significantly different between the DAPT >1 year and DAPT ≤1 year groups. Prolonged DAPT had 2.4‐times higher risk of clinically relevant bleeding than shortened DAPT in patients with normal Lp(a) levels, although without statistical difference.

Conclusions
In stable patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug‐eluting stent, prolonged DAPT was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events among those with elevated Lp(a) levels, whereas it did not show statistically significant evidence of benefit for reducing ischemic events and tended to increase clinically relevant bleeding among those with normal Lp(a) levels.
Serial Assessment of Right Ventricular Deformation in Patients With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Study
Authors: Kanngiesser Luca Mitch , Freitag‐Wolf Sandra , Boroni Grazioli Simona , Gabbert Dominik Daniel , Hansen Jan Hinnerk , Uebing Anselm Sebastian , Voges Inga 
Published: April 2022

Background
As right ventricular dysfunction is a major cause of adverse outcome in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the aim was to assess right ventricular function and deformation after Fontan completion by performing 2‐dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies.

Methods and Results

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations of 108 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (female: 31) were analyzed. Short‐axis cine images were used for right ventricular volumetry. Two‐dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking was performed using long‐axis and short‐axis cine images to measure myocardial global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain. All patients had at least 2 cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations after Fontan completion and 41 patients had 3 examinations. Global strain values and right ventricular ejection fraction decreased from the first to the third examination with a significant decline in global longitudinal strain from the first examination to the second examination (median, first, and third quartile: −18.8%, [−20.5;−16.5] versus −16.9%, [−19.3;−14.7]) and from the first to the third examination in 41 patients (−18.6%, [−20.9;−15.7] versus −15.8%, [−18.7;−12.6];
P
‐values <0.004). Right ventricular ejection fraction decreased significantly from the first to the third examination (55.4%, [49.8;59.3] versus 50.2%, [45.0;55.9];
P
<0.002) and from the second to the third examination (53.8%, [47.2;58.7] versus 50.2%, [45.0;55.9];
P
<0.0002).

Conclusions
Serial assessment of cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after Fontan completion demonstrates a significant reduction in global strain values and right ventricular ejection fraction at follow‐up. The significant reduction in global longitudinal strain between the first 2 examinations with non‐significant changes in right ventricular ejection fraction suggest that global longitudinal strain measured by 2‐dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking might be a superior technique for the detection of changes in myocardial function.
Canonical Workflow for Experimental Research
Authors: Betz Dirk , Biniossek Claudia , Blanchi Christophe , Henninger Felix , Lauer Thomas , Wieder Philipp , Wittenburg Peter , Zünkeler Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The overall expectation of introducing Canonical Workflow for Experimental Research and FAIR digital objects (FDOs) can be summarised as reducing the gap between workflow technology and research practices to make experimental work more efficient and improve FAIRness without adding administrative load on the researchers. In this document, we will describe, with the help of an example, how CWFR could work in detail and improve research procedures. We have chosen the example of “experiments with human subjects” which stretches from planning an experiment to storing the collected data in a repository. While we focus on experiments with human subjects, we are convinced that CWFR can be applied to many other data generation processes based on experiments. The main challenge is to identify repeating patterns in existing research practices that can be abstracted to create CWFR. In this document, we will include detailed examples from different disciplines to demonstrate that CWFR can be implemented without violating specific disciplinary or methodological requirements. We do not claim to be comprehensive in all aspects, since these examples are meant to prove the concept of CWFR.
Contributions of External Forcing and Internal Climate Variability to Changes in the Summer Surface Air Temperature over East Asia
Authors: Zha Jinlin , Shen Cheng , Zhao Deming , Feng Jinming , Xu Zhongfeng , Wu Jian , Fan Wenxuan , Luo Meng , Zhang Liya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Summer mean (June, July, and August) surface air temperature (SSAT) in East Asia during the period from 1958 to 2001 has shown a warming. However, the relative contributions of external forcing (EF) and internal climate variability (ICV) to the SSAT changes over East Asia remain unclear. In this study, a new approach is applied to estimate the changes in the SSAT determined by the effects of EF and ICV over East Asia during the period from 1958 to 2001. Reanalysis data as well as simulated results from both global atmosphere–ocean coupled model outputs and a regional climate model (RCM) are used for this approach. The observed SSATs over East Asia have undergone a decreasing trend from 1958 to 1972 (−0.14°C decade−1, p < 0.01) and an increasing trend after 1972 (0.24°C decade−1, p < 0.01). While these features are not captured by the reanalysis studied here, they are reproduced when the reanalysis output is downscaled using an RCM. The effects of the EF and the ICV on the SSAT can be separated based on the RCM downscaling simulation. The results show that the SSAT with EF displayed significant warming over most regions of East Asia, whereas the SSAT with ICV mainly exhibited cooling over East Asia. Furthermore, EF mainly influenced the decadal changes of the SSAT, whereas the ICV mainly influenced the interannual changes in the SSAT over East Asia. The interannual changes of the SSAT over East Asia that were influenced by the ICV are mainly manifested as the combined effects of the large-scale ocean–atmosphere circulations, which expressed 79% explanatory power on the SSAT changes.
Biases of the Barotropic Atmospheric Circulation Variability in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Castanheira José M. , Marques Carlos A. F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two ensembles of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations, in the scope of the current Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), are compared with their fully coupled counterparts. The atmospheric models simulate less barotropic atmospheric circulation variability over the North Atlantic and more barotropic atmospheric circulation variability over the North Pacific when compared with reanalysis variability, at intraseasonal and interannual scales. The coupled climate simulations have smaller global barotropic variability than the corresponding AMIP simulations. The smaller variability of the coupled simulations results in no mean overestimation of the subtropical jet variability in the North Pacific, but further underestimation of the jet stream variability in the North Atlantic. The results suggest that the reduction of the biases, in the North Pacific barotropic atmospheric variability, of coupled climate simulations is achieved through compensating biases in the mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Moreover, the reduction of the positive biases in the North Pacific seems to be associated with a reduction of the excitation of the most unstable barotropic mode of the atmospheric circulation, which contributes also to a reduction of the barotropic atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic.
Robotic Repair of a Symptomatic Perineal Hernia With Self-Fixating Synthetic Mesh
Authors: Mack Joseph D. , Hyde G. Alan , Giles W. Health , Stanley J. Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Primary acquired perineal hernias are rare defects through the pelvic floor diaphragm. The optimal surgical technique for repair remains unknown, and recurrence rates approach 50%. We present a 65-year-old female without previous obstetric or pelvic surgical history who was found to have herniated sigmoid colon through a 2×2 cm levator ani defect. The patient underwent robotic transabdominal hernia repair with a synthetic self-fixating underlay mesh. The peritoneum was primarily closed and the patient was discharged the same day. There is no sign of recurrence to date. Our minimally invasive approach with extraperitoneal mesh placement provided us with several advantages: ambulatory surgery; excellent visualization of the defect; easier suturing in the deep pelvis compared to traditional laparoscopy; and mesh reinforcement while minimizing the risks of erosion, migration, adhesion, and fistula formation.
Green Plasma Has a Superior Hemostatic Profile Compared With Standard Color Plasma
Authors: Kalkwarf Kyle J. , Cardenas Jessica C. , Wade Charles E. , Cotton Bryan A. 
Published: April 2022

Background Limitations in available donors have dramatically reduced plasma availability over the past several decades, concurrent with increasing demand for some types of plasma. Plasma from female donors who are pregnant or taking oral contraceptives often has a green appearance, which frequently results in these units being discarded. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the hemostatic potential of green compared to standard-color plasma. Materials and Methods Plasma from twelve blood group-matched female and twelve male donors was obtained from the local blood center. Six of the female and all of the male units of plasma had a normal appearance (STANDARD), while six of the female units were grossly green (GREEN). The hemostatic potential was evaluated by thrombelastography (TEG), calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT), and coagulation factor level measurements. Univariate analysis was performed using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum. Results GREEN plasma was more procoagulant for all TEG values ( r-value, k-time, angle, mA) when compared to STANDARD plasma. Differences were also observed in coagulation factor levels, with GREEN plasma having higher than STANDARD (factors II; VII, IX; X, XI, Protein S, and plasminogen); conversely, GREEN plasma had a longer lag time in CAT. Discussion This pilot study demonstrates that female donors with green plasma have a superior hemostatic profile than standard plasma. GREEN plasma should be further investigated for its safety profile and hemostatic potential, so if it is found to be a safe and functionally non-inferior product, it should be actively re-introduced for transfusion in bleeding patients.