bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential risk of international spread of Mycobacterium bovis associated with movement of alpacas
Authors: Krajewska-Wędzina Monika , Miller Michele A. , Didkowska Anna , Kycko Anna , Radulski Łukasz , Lipiec Marek , Weiner Marcin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The study highlights the transboundary nature of tuberculosis (TB) in alpacas and the failure of current ante-mortem testing protocols (the tuberculin skin and Enferplex Camelid TB tests) to identify TB-free alpaca herds and individuals for export. Our research and the available literature indicate that the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is extremely susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis infection, and that testing periodicity fails to take into account that animals do not manifest disease symptoms for a long time. The skin test failed to identify Mycobacterium bovis infection in two alpacas prior to their movement from the UK to Poland. The animals were purchased by a breeding centre in Poland, and were then shown at an international animal exhibition. The last owner of the alpacas before their deaths from TB bought the infected animals unwittingly in order to run rehabilitation activities with disabled children on his farm.

Material and Methods
Thoracic lymph node, lung and liver tissue samples obtained at necropsy were examined histopathologically after Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Tissue samples were homogenised and mycobacteria present there were cultured on Stonebrink’s medium during a 6-week incubation. A commercial test using polymorphism of the chromosomal direct repeat region provided species identification and additional identification was by spacer oligonucleotide typing and mycobacteria interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat analysis with a gel electrophoresis protocol.

Results
The microbiological examination confirmed multiorgan TB caused by the SB0666 spoligotype of Mycobacterium bovis.

Conclusion
Due to the suboptimal performance of current diagnostic tests for TB in alpacas, there is a risk that infected animals may be moved unwittingly. A risk of TB spread associated with the international movement of alpacas is implied by this study.
In vitro and in vivo activity of Lactobacillus sakei L14 strain against Campylobacter jejuni DC3 strain
Authors: Catacutan John Roybert P. , Subejano Ma. Socorro Edden P. , Penuliar Gil M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Domestic poultry is a natural reservoir of Campylobacter, the host–pathogen interaction being predominantly asymptomatic. This study investigated whether chickens remain asymptomatic partly because of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Material and Methods

Campylobacter spp. and LAB were isolated from the gut of poultry chickens using enrichment and screening assays and were identified via rDNA sequencing. The C. jejuni DC3 isolate was grown in different cell-free supernatants (CFS) generated from a priority LAB isolate. An in vivo challenge involving the C. jejuni and LAB isolates using a chicken model was performed to confirm the in vitro findings.

Results
Twelve presumptive LAB isolates had anti-C. jejuni activity based on cross-streak and agar plug assays, with Lactobacillus sakei L14 isolate exhibiting the highest activity. Inhibition by L. sakei L14 CFS of the growth of C. jejuni occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Campylobacter jejuni DC3 inhibition was most evident in CFS harvested at 72 h and produced by co-culture with the pathogen. Neutralisation of the CFS abrogated the observed inhibition. Co-infection with C. jejuni DC3 and L. sakei L14 in vivo, however, failed to inhibit C. jejuni colonisation in chickens.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the anti-C. jejuni effect of L. sakei L14 in chickens may be due to mechanisms other than direct inhibition of growth.
ASF -survivors’ sera do not inhibit African swine fever virus replication in vitro
Authors: Walczak Marek , Juszkiewicz Małgorzata , Szymankiewicz Krzesimir , Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna , Woźniakowski Grzegorz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases of pigs and wild boar – African swine fever (ASF). Since its second introduction into Europe (in 2007), the disease has been spreading consistently, and now ASF-free European countries are at risk. Complex interactions between the host’s immune system and the virus have long prevented the development of a safe vaccine against ASF. This study analysed the possibility of neutralisation of the ASFV in vitro by sera collected from ASF-survivor animals.

Material and Methods
Two pig and three wild boar serum samples were collected from previously selected potential ASF survivors. All sera presented high antibody titres (>5 log10/mL). Primary alveolar macrophages were cultured in growth medium containing 10% and 20% concentrations of selected sera and infected with a haemadsorbing ASFV strain (Pol18_28298_O111, genotype II). The progress of infection was investigated under a light microscope by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and the haemadsorption phenomenon. Growth kinetics were investigated using a real-time PCR assay.

Results
Haemadsorption inhibition was detected in the presence of almost all selected sera; however, the inhibition of virus replication in vitro was excluded. In all samples, a CPE and decreasing quantification cycle values of the viral DNA were found.

Conclusion
Anti-ASFV antibodies alone are not able to inhibit virus replication. Interactions between the humoral and cellular immune response which effectively combat the disease are implicated in an ASF-survivor’s organism.
Trend Investigation of Thermal Comfort in Different Climates of Iran in Past Decades
Authors: Asghari Mehdi , Fallah Ghalhari Gholamabbas , Teimori-Boghsani Gholamheidar , Farhang Dehghan Somayeh , Heidari Hamidreza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Regarding climatic diversity in Iran and the dependence of many outdoor activities (occupational, recreational, tourism attraction, etc.) on climatic conditions, this study conducted aiming to evaluate thermal comfort fluctuations in Iran. Thermal comfort fluctuations in different climates of Iran were investigated between 1985 and 2014 using recorded meteorological data in 40 synoptic stations. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slope were used to analyse the changing trends of the Humidex and to determine the actual slope of a trend over time, respectively. In overall, the southern areas of Iran have the longest period with unfavourable and extremely unfavourable climatic conditions in this study. Conversely, in the northern half of Iran, especially in North West areas, the appropriate summer season provides the best climatic conditions for outdoor activities.
АНАЛІЗ ВІДОМОСТЕЙ ПРО СПОЖИВАННЯ ШКОЛЯРАМИ ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ З ВИСОКИМ ВМІСТОМ ВІТАМІНУ С
Authors: Волошанська Світлана , Дрозд Інеса , Коссак Григорій 
Published: March 2022

Харчування школярів – це важлива складова збереження здоров’я. Серед компонентів харчового раціону молоді особливе місце посідають вітаміни, складові обмінних процесів. Нестача вітамінів, як біологічно активних речовин, у добовому раціоні школяра може гальмувати психічний та фізичний розвиток дитини. Щоденне споживання вітамінів та мікроелементів, насамперед аскорбінової кислоти, має важливе значення для формування здорової особистості.
З метою з’ясування аналізу споживання харчових продуктів з високим вмістом вітаміну С було проведено анкетування школярів 9–11 класів. Результати анкетування засвідчили, що учні 9–11 класів поінформовані про вітамінний склад продуктів харчування та наявність у них аскорбінової кислоти. Встановлено, що харчовий раціон у 96 % школярів включав достатню кількість продуктів з підвищеним вмістом вітаміну С. Відомості анкетування підтвердили регулярне споживання учнями свіжих овочів та фруктів.
Виявлено, що респонденти володіють знаннями про важливу функцію аскорбінової кислоти для організму. При цьому школярі обізнані про доцільність споживання вітаміну С не лише у складі харчових продуктів, а і його синтетичного аналога.
HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN INDEKS PRESTASI KUMULATIF PADA MAHASISWA PREKLINIK FKIK UNIKA ATMA JAYA
Authors: Lionardi Stevan Kristian 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Bagi mahasiswa kedokteran, proses pembelajaran merupakan unsur esensial guna memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk menjadi seorang dokter. Proses pembelajaran akan bahan dan materi yang banyak seringkali menghabiskan banyak waktu, mengakibatkan kurangnya intensitas dan perhatian akan pentingnya kegiatan aktivitas fisik yang rutin dan teratur yang dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif dan eksekutif otak.
Metodologi: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan metode random sampling dengan responden sebanyak 103 mahasiswa angkatan 2016, 2017, dan 2018 Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Prodi Kedokteran Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya dengan menggunakan kuesioner IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) untuk mengukur intensitas aktivitas fisik dan untuk mengetahui indeks prestasi mahasiwa disertai pertanyaan nilai indeks prestasi kumulatif mahasiswa melalui kuesioner. Uji analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji non parametrik Chi-square.
Hasil: Hasil dari analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square antara intensitas aktivitas fisik dengan indeks prestasi kumulatif mahasiwa menunjukkan nilai Pearson Chi-Square hitung adalah 0,048, meski telah memenuhi syarat p < 0,05 namun memiliki perbedaan yang sedikit dengan nilai yang tidak signifikan, sehingga hubungan antara kedua variable dapat dipandang dari kedua sisi.
Kesimpulan : Peningkatan aktivitas fisik dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan nilai indeks prestasi kumulatif yang dimiliki, namun masih terdapat banyak faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai indeks prestasi kumulatif seorang mahasiswa kedokteran.
Association Between Cognitive Function and Balance Among The Elderly In Jakarta
Authors: Karyn Ireina , Handayani Maria Dara Novi , Darmawan Octavianus 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The world is entering an aging population. With aging comes many challenges due to changes of the brain structure that affect both cognitive function and balance. The amount of cognitive function and balance impairment cases in the elderly are rising. If left unattended, it can cause numerous adverse effects in the elderly, eventually leading to the loss of the ability to perform activities of daily living. Studies have observed the relationship between cognitive impairment and balance in Indonesia, but only a few were conducted in Jakarta, specifically among elders in the nursing home. This study is aimed to observe the association between cognitive function and balance in the elderly.Methods: This is a secondary analysis using a previous study conducted in PSTW Budi Mulia Jakarta in 2016. Demographic data, cognitive function, and balance were assessed using the demographic questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Statistical analysis is conducted using IBM SPSS Ver 22.Results: Most respondents were female, aged 60-69 years old, had low education level, good MMSE score (53,3%), and a normal BBS (90,7%) score. We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and balance (p=0,045).Conclusion: Cognitive function is related to balance impairment in the elderly.
Key Words: balance, cognitive function, elderly
Intracranial hemorrhage associated with direct oral anticoagulant after clipping for an unruptured cerebral aneurysm: A report of two cases
Authors: Koji Takahiro , Kubo Yoshitaka , Matsumoto Yoshiyasu , Akamatsu Yosuke , Chida Kohei , Kashimura Hiroshi , Ogasawara Kuniaki 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Two cases of patients who developed intracranial hemorrhage associated with direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use after clipping of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm (uAN) are presented. These cases will help neurosurgeons assess the risks of patients with atrial fibrillation or deep venous thrombosis receiving DOACs who require craniotomy.

Case Description:
Case 1 was a 65-year-old man on apixaban 10 mg/day who underwent clipping for a left middle cerebral artery uAN. Apixaban was discontinued 72 h before surgery. During surgery, a thin and pial artery bled slightly at 1 point of the frontal lobe, and hemostasis was easily achieved. Computed tomography (CT) 19 h after surgery showed no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. He was treated with a heparin-apixaban bridge from 29 h to 41 h after surgery. CT showed a left subarachnoid hematoma 24 h later. Case 2 was a 73-year-old woman on dabigatran 110 mg/day who underwent clipping for a right MCA uAN. Dabigatran was discontinued 48 h before surgery. During surgery, a thin and pial artery bled slightly at 2 points of the temporal lobe, and hemostasis was easily achieved. CT 19 h after surgery showed no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. Dabigatran (110 mg/day) was restarted 29 h after surgery. CT then showed a right subarachnoid hematoma 94 h later, and dabigatran was discontinued, and it was then restarted 38 h later. However, 31 h later, CT showed an additional slight subarachnoid hemorrhage. Finally, she developed a right chronic subdural hematoma.

Conclusion:
In patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures, discontinuation of DOACs should be individualized based on neurosurgical bleeding risk and patient renal function. Restarting of DOACs could be considered after at least 48 h when hemostasis has been achieved. Bridging of DOACs cannot be recommended.
Visualization of ictal networks using gamma oscillation regularity correlation analysis in focal motor epilepsy: Illustrative cases
Authors: Nakamura Tomonobu , Sato Yosuke , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kawauchi Yuta , Shimizu Katsuyoshi , Mizutani Tohru 
Published: March 2022

Background:Focal motor epilepsy is difficult to localize within the epileptogenic zone because ictal activity quickly spreads to the motor cortex through ictal networks. We previously reported the usefulness of gamma oscillation (30–70 Hz) regularity (GOR) correlation analysis using interictal electrocorticographic (ECoG) data to depict epileptogenic networks. We conducted GOR correlation analysis using ictal ECoG data to visualize the ictal networks originating from the epileptogenic zone in two cases — a 26-year-old woman with negative motor seizures and a 53-year-old man with supplementary motor area (SMA) seizures.Case Description:In both cases, we captured several habitual seizures during monitoring after subdural electrode implantation and performed GOR correlation analysis using ictal ECoG data. A significantly high GOR suggestive of epileptogenicity was identified in the SMA ipsilateral to the lesions, which were connected to the motor cortex through supposed ictal networks. We resected the high GOR locations in the SMA and the patients’ previously identified tumors were removed. The patients were seizure-free without any neurological deficits after surgery.Conclusion:The GOR correlation analysis using ictal ECoG data could be a powerful tool for visualizing ictal networks in focal motor epilepsy.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE POST-BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF THIN COMPOSITE PLATES WITH NONSYMMETRIC STRUCTURE UNDER COMPRESSION AND UNEVEN LOCAL HEATING
Authors: Митрофанов О.В. 
Published: March 2022

Получено аналитическое решение геометрически нелинейной задачи о закритическом поведении прямоугольной композитной панели при сжатии с учетом неравномерного локального нагрева. Применяемый вид прогиба описывает поведение коротких прямоугольных панелей, а исходные соотношения учитывают несимметричность структуры.
An analytical solution to the geometrically nonlinear problem of the post-buckling behavior of a rectangular composite panel under compression, taking into account the uneven local heating, is obtained. The applied type of defl ection describes the behavior of short rectangular panels, and the initial relations take into account the asymmetry of the structure.
ACTIVER SES RESSOURCES POUR BÂTIR SON AVENIR PROFESSIONNEL : Apport des neurosciences de l’éducation pour soutenir un projet de formation au-delà des troubles d’apprentissage
Authors: Buchwalder-Rais Véronique 
Published: March 2022

La motivation est un facteur clé largement reconnu pour assurer l’engagement et la persévérance dans l’action. C’est également le cas dans le domaine des apprentissages scolaires. De nombreux modèles théoriques de la motivation, souvent complémentaires, sont disponibles dans la littérature. Cependant, les articles qui envisagent le processus motivationnel sous l’angle de la neuroéducation sont encore peu nombreux. C’est l’objectif de cet article, dans lequel la motivation à apprendre est présentée comme le résultat d’un calcul de probabilité de type couts – bénéfices. Le focus est placé sur les élèves du secondaire, avec une attention particulière aux spécificités de leur développement cérébral d’adolescents. Des pistes d’intervention sont avancées, en vue de créer des conditions propices à la motivation d’apprendre, soit en réduisant la perception des coûts de l’engagement dans l’apprentissage, soit en augmentant la perception de ses bénéfices. Mots clés : Motivation, cerveau, éducation, neuroéducation, adolescence, école, scolaire Abstract Motivation is a widely recognized key factor in ensuring commitment and perseverance in action. This is also the case in the field of school learning. Many theoretical models of motivation, often complementary, are available in the literature. Yet, articles that consider the motivational process from the neuroeducation perspective are still few. That is the purpose of this paper, in which motivation to learn is considered as the result of a cost-benefit probability calculation. The focus is on secundary level students, with particular attention to the specificities of their brain development as teenagers. Suggestions for interventions are proposed, in order to promote favourable conditions to support motivation to learn, either by reducing the perceived costs of engaging in learning, or by increasing the perception of its benefits. Keywords : Motivation, brain, education, adolescence, adolescents, school, neuroeducation
Learning and Memory : Neurosciences perspectives
Authors: Fahim Fahmy Cherine , Lina Awilé 
Published: March 2022

Dans cette vidéo expliquative, Madame Lina Awilé, Master en psychologie, nous fait voyager avec élégance au fin fond du cerveau afin d'explorer les méandres de l'apprentissage et la mémoire.
Cette vidéo fait partie d'une série de trois vidéos expliquatives.
In this explanatory video, Mrs. Lina Awilé, Master in Psychology, takes us elegantly to the depths of the brain to explore the intricacies of learning and memory.

This video is part of a series of three explanatory videos.
Recurrent tuberculosis in the Netherlands – a 24-year follow-up study, 1993 to 2016
Authors: Erkens Connie , Tekeli Betül , van Soolingen Dick , Schimmel Henrieke , Verver Suzanne 
Published: March 2022

Background
Not all treated tuberculosis (TB) patients achieve long-term recovery and reactivation rates reflect effectiveness of TB treatment.

Aim
We aimed to estimate rates and risk factors of TB reactivation and reinfection in patients treated in the Netherlands, after completed or interrupted treatment.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of TB patients with available DNA fingerprint data, registered in the Netherlands Tuberculosis register (NTR) between 1993 and 2016. Reactivation was defined as an identical, and reinfection as a non-identical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in sequential episodes.

Results
Reactivation rate was 55/100,000 person-years (py) for patients who completed, and 318/100,000 py for patients who interrupted treatment. The risk of reactivation was highest in the first 5 years after treatment in both groups. The incidence rate of reactivation was 228/100,000 py in the first 2 years and 57/100,000 py 2–5 years after completed treatment. The overall rate of reinfection was 16/100,000 py. Among those who completed treatment, patients with male sex, mono or poly rifampicin-resistant TB and a previous TB episode had significantly higher risk of reactivation. Extrapulmonary TB was associated with a lower risk. Among patients who interrupted treatment, directly observed treatment (DOT) and being an undocumented migrant or people experiencing homelessness were associated with a higher risk of reactivation.

Conclusions
Both patients who completed or interrupted TB treatment should be considered as risk groups for reactivation for at least 2–5 years after treatment. They patients should be monitored and guidelines should be in place to enhance early detection of recurrent TB.
OPTIMASI WAKTU Â¬PRE-HEATING DAN WAKTU PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD TERHADAP TOTAL MIKROBA DAN SIFAT FISIK SUSU
Authors: Putranto Angky Wahyu , Priyanto Anugerah Dany , Estiasih Teti , Widyasari Widyasari , Munarko Hadi 
Published: March 2022

Pulsed electric field (PEF) atau metode kejut listrik tegangan tinggi merupakan salah satu metode pengolahan non-termal yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk membunuh mikroorganisme pada susu segar. Penggunaan PEF untuk pasteurisasi susu dapat dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan pemanasan awal (pre-heating) untuk meningkatkan letalitas terhadap mikroorganisme maupun untuk menghasilkan susu dengan karakteristik mutu yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi waktu pre-heating dan waktu PEF pada pengolahan susu pasteurisasi. Optimasi waktu pre-heating dan waktu PEF dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode response surface methodology model central composite design (RSM-CCD). Respon yang diuji terdiri dari total cemaran (TPC), viskositas, stabilitas emulsi, dan tingkat kecerahan. Hasil optimasi waktu pasteurisasi yang direkomendasikan berdasarkan analisis RSM-CCD yaitu pre-heating selama 10 menit dilanjutkan dengan PEF selama 3,907 menit dengan nilai desirability 0,614. Optimasi proses pasteurisasi menghasilkan prediksi nilai TPC, viskositas, stabilitas emulsi, dan kecerahan susu hasil optimasi secara berurutan sebesar 2,126 log cfu/ml, 4,997 cP, 14,862 %, dan 93,703.