bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The auto segmentation for cardiac structures using a dual‐input deep learning network based on vision saliency and transformer
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Shuyu , Liang Wei , Zhang Nan , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2022

PurposeAccurate segmentation of cardiac structures on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) images is crucial for the morphological analysis, measurement, and functional evaluation. In this study, we achieve accurate automatic segmentation of cardiac structures on CCTA image by adopting an innovative deep learning method based on visual attention mechanism and transformer network, and its practical application value is discussed.MethodsWe developed a dual‐input deep learning network based on visual saliency and transformer (VST), which consists of self‐attention mechanism for cardiac structures segmentation. Sixty patients’ CCTA subjects were randomly selected as a development set, which were manual marked by an experienced technician. The proposed vision attention and transformer mode was trained on the patients CCTA images, with a manual contour‐derived binary mask used as the learning‐based target. We also used the deep supervision strategy by adding auxiliary losses. The loss function of our model was the sum of the Dice loss and cross‐entropy loss. To quantitatively evaluate the segmentation results, we calculated the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD). Meanwhile, we compare the volume of automatic segmentation and manual segmentation to analyze whether there is statistical difference.ResultsFivefold cross‐validation was used to benchmark the segmentation method. The results showed the left ventricular myocardium (LVM, DSC = 0.87), the left ventricular (LV, DSC = 0.94), the left atrial (LA, DSC = 0.90), the right ventricular (RV, DSC = 0.92), the right atrial (RA, DSC = 0.91), and the aortic (AO, DSC = 0.96). The average DSC was 0.92, and HD was 7.2 ± 2.1 mm. In volume comparison, except LVM and LA (p < 0.05), there was no significant statistical difference in other structures. Proposed method for structural segmentation fit well with the true profile of the cardiac substructure, and the model prediction results closed to the manual annotation.ConclusionsThe adoption of the dual‐input and transformer architecture based on visual saliency has high sensitivity and specificity to cardiac structures segmentation, which can obviously improve the accuracy of automatic substructure segmentation.
Chemodivergent Spirocyclization of 2‐Sec‐Aminobenzilidene Imidazolones: Lewis Versus Brønsted Acids Catalysis
Authors: Ivanov Dmitrii S. , Zaitseva Elvira R. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Rustamova Dina A. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Sycheva Maria A. , Gluschenko Darya A. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Baranov Mikhail S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBenzylidene imidazolones with ortho‐ secondary aminogroup undergo acid‐promoted chemodivergent spirocyclization. Strong Lewis acids provide access to spirocyclic tetrahydroquinolines via [1,5]‐hydride shift triggered cyclization despite of the presence of free secondary amino group. Brønsted acids promote unprecedented intramolecular umpolung hydroamination reaction with the formation of spirocyclic indolines. Each of the processes proceeds with exclusive atom‐economy.magnified image
A Highly Durable Rubber‐Derived Lithium‐Conducting Elastomer for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shi Yongzheng , Yang Na , Niu Jin , Yang Shubin , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElastomers offer attractive advantages over classical solid‐state electrolytes in terms of ensuring stable interfacial contact and maintaining fatigue durability, but the low ionic conductivity obstructs their practical applications in long‐life lithium metal batteries. In this work, rubber‐derived lithium‐conducting elastomer has been developed via sulfur vulcanization of nitrile butadiene rubber with a polymerizable ionic liquid to provide both high resilience and dramatically improved ionic conductivity. Owing to the chemically crosslinked network between rubber chains and ionic liquid fragments generated during vulcanization, the elastic lithium‐conductor achieves high resilience of 0.92 MJ m−3, superior cyclic durability of 1000 cycles at 50% strain, and high room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 2.7 × 10−4 S cm−1. Consequently, the corresponding solid‐state lithium/LiFePO4 battery exhibits a high capacity of ≈146 mAh g−1 with a high capacity retention of 94.3% for up to 300 cycles.
Efficient nickel‐based catalysts for amine regeneration of CO2 capture: From experimental to calculations verifications
Authors: Sun Qiang , Gao Hongxia , Mao Yu , Sema Teerawat , Liu Sen , Liang Zhiwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh heat duty is an urgent challenge for industrial applications of amine‐based CO2 capture. The temperature (>110°C) of carbamate breakdown in amine regeneration requires large energy consumption. In this work, we report a novel, stable, efficient, and inexpensive Ni‐HZSM‐5 catalyst to improve the CO2 desorption rate and reduce the heat duty. The impregnation method was applied for varying nickel content in the catalysts from 2.16 to 9.80 wt% in HZSM‐5. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry, ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic performance was evaluated by CO2 desorption of rich amine solvent at 90°C. It was found that the introduction of nickel increased the acid sites of catalysts compared with parent HZSM‐5. This phenomenon plays a key role on improving the CO2 desorption rate. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations successfully explain the catalytic performance. The catalytic activity associates with the combined properties of MSA × B/L × Ni2+. The 7.85‐Ni‐HZ catalyst presents an excellent catalytic activity for the CO2 desorption: it increases the amount of desorbed CO2 up to 36%, reduces the relative heat duty by 27.07% with the same reaction time, and possesses high stability during five cyclic tests. A possible catalytic mechanism for the Ni‐HZSM‐5 catalysts through assisting carbamate breakdown and promoting CO2 desorption is proposed based on experimental results and theoretical calculations. Therefore, the results present that the 7.85‐Ni‐HZ catalyst significantly accelerates the protons transfer in CO2 desorption and can potentially apply in industrial CO2 capture.
CRS‐PRO and SNOT‐22 correlations with type 2 inflammatory mediators in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Racette Samuel D. , Schneider Alexander L. , Ganesh Meera , Huang Julia H. , Lehmann David S. , Price Caroline P.E. , Rodegherio Samuel G. , Reddy Abhita T. , Eide Jacob G. , Conley David B. , Welch Kevin C. , Kern Robert C. , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Kato Atsushi , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and 12‐item Patient Reported Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS‐PRO) instrument are validated patient‐reported outcomes measures in CRS. In this study we assess the correlation of these with type 2 (T2) biomarkers before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).MethodsMiddle meatal mucus data were collected and the SNOT‐22 and CRS‐PRO were administered to 123 patients (71 CRS without nasal polyps [CRSsNP], 52 CRS with nasal polyps [CRSwNP]) with CRS before and 6 to 12 months after undergoing ESS. Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were measured using a multiplexed bead assay and enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Pre‐ and post‐ESS SNOT‐22 and CRS‐PRO were compared with T2 biomarkers.ResultsBefore ESS neither PROM correlated with any biomarker. After ESS, CRS‐PRO showed a correlation with 2 mediators (IL‐5 and IL‐13: p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively) compared with none for the SNOT‐22. For CRSwNP patients, pre‐ESS CRS‐PRO and SNOT‐22 correlated with IL‐4 (p = 0.04 for both). However, after ESS, CRS‐PRO correlated with 3 biomarkers (IL‐5, IL‐13, and ECP: p = 0.02, 0.024, and 0.04, respectively) and SNOT‐22 with 2 biomarkers (IL‐5 and IL‐13: p = 0.038 and 0.02, respectively). There were no significant relationships between any of the T2 biomarkers pre‐ or post‐ESS among patients with CRSsNP. Exploratory analyses of the subdomains showed the SNOT‐22 rhinologic and CRS‐PRO rhinopsychologic subdomains correlated better with the T2 biomarkers. On individual item analysis, IL‐13 correlated significantly post‐ESS with 8 of 12 items on the CRS‐PRO vs 6 of 22 items on the SNOT‐22.ConclusionThe CRS‐PRO total score showed a significant correlation with T2 biomarkers especially when assessed post‐ESS and among CRSwNP patients.
Erweiterung des Spektrums metastabiler Spezies in der durch H‐Bindungen gesteuerten supramolekularen Polymerisation
Authors: Matern Jonas , Fernández Zulema , Bäumer Nils , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEinzigartige Wasserstoffbrückenbindungs‐ (H‐Bindungs‐) Muster werden aufgedeckt und ausgenutzt, um die Kinetik, Aggregationspfade und Länge von supramolekularen Polymeren (SPs) zu kontrollieren. Neue Monomere mit Bisamid‐Gruppen wurden entwickelt, um die Rolle konkurrierender intra‐ und intermolekularer H‐Bindungen bei der supramolekularen Polymerisation (SP) aufzuklären. Dabei wurden zwei polymerisationsinaktive, metastabile Zustände entdeckt. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Beispielen entwickelt sich das intramolekular H‐gebundene Monomer nicht durch Ringöffnung zu intermolekular H‐gebundenen SPs, sondern bildet zunächst ein metastabiles Dimer. In diesem Dimer sind alle H‐Bindungsstellen gesättigt, entweder intra‐ oder intermolekular, wodurch die Polymer‐Elongation gehindert wird. Die Dimere weisen jedoch auch eine vorteilhafte Präorganisation auf, die nach Öffnung des intramolekularen Teils des H‐Bindungsmotivs die SP in einem konsekutiven Prozess ermöglicht. Letztlich erlaubt die Verzögerung der spontanen Selbstorganisation durch die zwei metastabilen Zustände die Längenkontrolle der SPs durch Keim‐vermitteltes Wachstum.
Preparation of thermoplastic starch with comprehensive performance plasticized by citric acid
Authors: Li Jiqian , He Hezhi , Zhang He , Xu Mohong , Gu Qun , Zhu Zhiwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo prepared thermoplastic starch (TPS) with good thermal plasticization processibility and resistance to retrogradation is important in this field. Herein, TPS plasticized with different plasticizers were successfully produced using a twin‐screw‐extruder. Effects of glycerol, xylitol, and citric acid on the retrogradation properties of TPS were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It showed that citric acid can improve the thermal plasticization processibility of TPS through three mechanisms, that is, chemical reaction between citric acid and starch, chain fragmentation of starch molecule due to the acidolysis of citric acid, and decrease of interaction between starch molecular chains. Since citric acid can be chemically fixed in the starch, excellent retrogradation resistance was achieved. After the accelerated retrogradation at 60°C/80RH for 48 h, the retrogradation and crystallinity of CA4TPS are 0.8% and 4.26%, respectively, which were lower than TPS without citric acid. In this work, a series of TPS samples with citric acid content from 0 to 8 wt% were prepared, and the DSC and XRD results showed that the TPS with 4 wt% citric acid yielded the least amount of retrogradation. The results of this investigation lay a solid foundation for the preparation and application of TPS with excellent performance.
Applications of nanopipettes in electrochemical analysis
Authors: Lv Jian , Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Zhang Shi‐Yi , Zhou Xin‐Yue , Li Da‐Wei , Qian Ruo‐Can 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNowadays, the application of glass nanopipettes in electrochemical analysis has attracted a lot of attention with the increasing demand for sensitive analysis and diagnostic tools for cellular biomolecules. The ultrasmall nanopipettes are becoming a bridge between the macro‐ and nanoworlds as they can transport very small volumes of liquids and materials as well as acting as electrochemical biosensors. In this minireview, we discuss the fabrication and characterization of nanopipettes and introduce our recent studies using nanopipettes for cell electroanalysis. The future application of nanopipettes has also been discussed.
Strategies to Control the Cis‐Trans Isomerization of Peptoid Amide Bonds
Authors: Kalita Debajit , Sahariah Biswajit , Pravo Mookerjee Surya , Kanta Sarma Bani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeptoids are oligomers of N‐substituted glycine units. They structurally resemble peptides but, unlike natural peptides, the side chains of peptoids are present on the amide nitrogen atoms instead of the α‐carbons. The N‐substitution improves cell‐permeability of peptoids and enhance their proteolytic stability over natural peptides. Therefore, peptoids are ideal peptidomimetic candidates for drug discovery, especially for intracellular targets. Unfortunately, most peptoid ligands discovered so far possess moderate affinity towards their biological targets. The moderate affinity of peptoids for biomacromolecules is linked to their conformational flexibility, which causes substantial entropic loss during the peptoid‐biomacromolecule binding process. The conformational flexibility of peptoids is caused by the lack of backbone chirality, absence of hydrogen bond donors (NH) in their backbone to form CO⋅⋅⋅HN hydrogen bonds and the facile cis‐trans isomerization of their tertiary amide bonds. In recent years, many investigators have shown that the incorporation of specific side chains with unique steric and stereoelectronic features can favourably shift the cis‐trans equilibria of peptoids towards one of the two isomeric forms. Such strategies are helpful to design homogenous peptoid oligomers having well defined secondary structures. Herein, we discuss the strategies developed over the years to control the cis‐trans isomerization of peptoid amide bonds.
Multiplexed Covalent Patterns on Double‐Reactive Porous Coating
Authors: Das Supriya , Kumar Ravi , Yang Bingquan , Bag Sudipta , Sauter Eric , Hussain Navid , Hirtz Michael , Manna Uttam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have conceptualized and demonstrated an approach based on the combination of hydrophobicity, a substrate‐independent dip coating as porous material with double residual chemical reactivities for implementing multiplexed, miniaturized and unclonable bulk‐infused patterns of different fluorophores following distinct reaction pathways. The embedded hydrophobicity (∼102°) restricted the unwanted spreading of beaded aqueous ink on the coating. The constructions of micropatterns on porous dip‐coating via ink‐jet printing or microchannel cantilever spotting offered orthogonal read‐out and remained readable even after removal of the exterior of the coating.
Investigation of the Effect of Temperature on Lithium‐Sulfur Cell Cycle Life Performance Using System Identification and X‐Ray Tomography
Authors: Shateri Neda , Auger Daniel J. , Fotouhi Abbas , Brighton James , Du Wenjia , Owen Rhodri E. , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, cycle life performance of a prototype lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) pouch cell is investigated using system identification and X‐ray tomography methods. Li−S cells are subjected to characterization and ageing tests while kept inside a controlled‐temperature chamber. After completing the experimental tests, two analytical approaches are used: i) The parameter variations of an equivalent‐circuit model due to ageing are determined using a system identification technique. ii) Physical changes of the aged Li−S cells are analyzed using X‐ray tomography. The results demonstrate that Li−S cell's degradation is significantly affected by temperature. Comparing to 10 °C, Li−S cell capacity fade happens 1.4 times faster at 20 °C whereas this number increases to 3.3 at 30 °C. In addition, X‐ray results show a significant swelling when temperature rises from 10 to 20 °C, correspondingly the gas volume increases from 13 to 62 mm3.
Attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs) through supply chain practices and business strategies: A systematic review with bibliometric and network analyses
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Majumdar Abhijit , Majumdar Kirty , Raut Rakesh D. , Narkhede Balkrishna E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSustainable development goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, are gaining importance in all the industrial sectors. The attainment of SDGs will lead to simultaneous betterment of human lives, environment and economic prosperity. Therefore, the adoption and implementation of SDGs in the supply chain (SC) activities is the need of the hour. In this regard, there is a need to analyse the extant SC literature focussing on SDGs. This study reviews the articles on SDGs in SC published in last 6 years (2015–2021). A total of 144 articles are shortlisted for the analysis. Bibliometric and network analyses are performed to create an intellectual map of the field and to visualise the network among authors and keywords, respectively. Various emerging research themes are identified using bibliometric coupling analysis. The content analysis of the articles has been performed by considering different activities and stages of SC. Articles are also mapped on various dimensions of SDGs. The strategies associated with adopting sustainable practices in SC to achieve SDGs have also been elucidated. Finally, future research propositions have been presented which can help in achieving SDGs in the SC.
A novel NCI‐H69V small cell lung cancer functional mini‐tumor model for future treatment screening applications
Authors: van der Merwe Liezaan , Svitina Hanna , Willers Clarissa , Wrzesinski Krzysztof , Gouws Chrisna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is aggressive and despite multiple clinical trials, its standard of care is unchanged for the past three decades. In vitro cancer models are crucial in chemotherapy development, and three‐dimensional (3D) models aim to bridge the gap between two‐dimensional (2D) flat cultures and in vivo testing. Functional 3D spheroids can better represent the in vivo situation and tumor characteristics than 2D models. An NCI‐H69V SCLC mini‐tumor model was developed in a clinostat‐based rotating bioreactor system. Spheroid growth and viability were characterized for 30 days, and the ideal experimental window with mature and metabolically stable spheroids was determined. Application of the model for anticancer treatment screening was validated with the standard chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan, for an exposure period of 72 h. The following parameters were measured: soluble protein content, planar surface area measurements, intracellular adenosine triphosphate and extracellular adenylate kinase levels, and glucose consumption. Histological morphology of the spheroids was observed. The established model proved viable and stable, while treatment with irinotecan caused a decrease in cell growth, viability, and glucose consumption demonstrating reactivity of the model to chemotherapy. Therefore, this NCI‐H69V SCLC functional spheroid model could be used for future anticancer compound screening.
Synthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide from Xylose via Coupling Engineered Escherichia coli and a Biocatalytic Cascade
Authors: Ngivprom Utumporn , Lasin Praphapan , Khunnonkwao Panwana , Worakaensai Suphanida , Jantama Kaemwich , Kamkaew Anyanee , Lai Rung‐Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstractβ‐Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has recently gained attention for a nutritional supplement because it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In this study, we developed NMN synthesis by coupling two modules. The first module is to culture E. coli MG1655 ▵tktA ▵tktB ▵ptsG to metabolize xylose to generate D‐ribose in the medium. The supernatant containing D‐ribose was applied in the second module which is composed of EcRbsK‐EcPRPS‐CpNAMPT reaction to synthesize NMN, that requires additional enzymes of CHU0107 and EcPPase to remove feedback inhibitors ADP and pyrophosphate. The second module can be rapidly optimized by comparing NMN production determined by the cyanide assay. Finally, 10 mL optimal biocascade reaction generated NMN with a good yield of 84 % from 1 mM D‐ribose supplied from the supernatant of E. coli MG1655 ▵tktA ▵tktB ▵ptsG. Our results can further guide researchers to metabolically engineer E. coli for NMN synthesis.
Omicron: Understanding the Latest Variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Strategies for Tackling the Infection
Authors: Obireddy Sreekanth Reddy , Guntakanti Ujwala , Kowthalam Anitha , Marata Chinna Subbarao Subha , Lai Wing‐Fu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe new variant of concern of SARS‐CoV‐2, namely Omicron, has triggered global fear recently. To date, our knowledge of Omicron, particularly of how S glycoprotein mutations affect the infectivity of the virus and the severity of the infection, is far from complete. This hinders our ability to treat the disease and to predict the future state of SARS‐CoV‐2 threats to well‐being and economic stability. Despite this, efforts have been made to unveil the routes of transmission and the efficiency of existing vaccines in tackling Omicron. This article reviews the latest understanding of Omicron and the current status of the use of vaccines and drugs for infection control. It is hoped that this article can offer insights into the development of more effective measures to tackle the pandemic.
Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair of the tricuspid valve: The US experience
Authors: Sedhom Ramy , Megaly Michael , Saad Marwan , Elbadawi Ayman , Witzke Christian F. , Garcia Santiago , Latib Azeem , Gafoor Sameer A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the trends in utilization and outcomes of tricuspid valve (TV) transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER).BackgroundSurgery for isolated tricuspid regurgitation is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is rarely performed. TV TEER is an attractive alternative.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, procedure code for TV TEER for years 2016–2019. The main outcomes were trends in utilization and in‐hospital all‐cause mortality.ResultsWe identified 918 hospitalizations for TV TEER. There was an uptrend in its utilization from 13 cases in the first quarter of 2016 to 122 cases in the last quarter of 2019 (p trend < 0.001). Concomitant mitral valve (MV) TEER was performed in 42.1% of admissions. The overall in‐hospital mortality was 2.1%. Surgical TV replacement was needed in 1.1% of admissions; none of them died during the index hospitalization. Unplanned rehospitalizations were common at 30 days (15.7%); 38.2% of those were due to heart failure. There was no difference in in‐hospital mortality between isolated TV TEER and combined MV and TV TEER (1.7% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.359). However, admissions receiving combined procedure had lower length of stay and urgent readmission rate.ConclusionThe current study showed that there was an increase in the utilization of TV TEER over 2016–2019 in the United States. TV TEER was associated with low rates of in‐hospital mortality; however, the rate of urgent readmission remains high, mainly due to heart failure.