bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Divergent Reactivity of Lactones Derived from Butadiene and Carbon Dioxide in Macromolecular Synthesis
Authors: Eagan James M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and 1,3‐butadiene into unsaturated lactone monomers provides an efficient route for converting sustainable carbon feedstocks into novel macromolecules. The chemical reactivity of this monomer is reviewed in order to highlight the many viable mechanistic pathways. Polymerization strategies, monomer alterations, and post‐polymerization modifications are covered. The polymerization methods include radical, coordination, conjugate addition, ring‐opening, olefin metathesis, and thiol‐ene chemistries. Materials derived from these processes possess a wide range of function including responsiveness, degradability, adhesion, recyclability, and self‐assembly. These aspects along with the advances in polymer chemistry that make them possible are discussed, along with a perspective on the future directions of the field.
A novel and potent dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Li Chungen , Gou Kun , Liu Xiaocong , Zhou Yue , Zou Jiao , Chen Qiang , Luo Youfu , Zhao Yinglan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a quite attractive target in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the antitumor effects of DHODH inhibitors against colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying mechanism have seldom been studied. Here, we explored the anti‐CRC efficacy of M62, a novel and potent DHODH inhibitor. In the study, M62 significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and induced S phase arrest. The antiproliferative effects caused by M62 were rescued by uridine supplementation. Mechanistically, messenger RNA sequencing results showed that M62‐triggered gene changes related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and DNA damage repair. Further validation showed that M62 treatment induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased ΔΨm and ATP production. Meanwhile, M62 induced the accumulation of γ‐H2AX and longer comet tail moment, which were both markers of DNA damage. The downregulated DNA repair proteins and PI3K/ATK pathway were observed after M62 treatment. Furthermore, M62 significantly inhibited CRC xenograft tumor growth without detectable toxicity. Therefore, we conclude that M62 inhibits CRC growth both in vitro and in vivo by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, suggesting that DHODH inhibitors are potential therapeutic strategies for treating CRC.
Effect of social support on illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation during “Blanking Period”: Mediating role of sense of mastery
Authors: Ding Yun‐Mei , Liu Cui‐Ping , Xu Hong‐Xuan , Wang Mao‐Jing , Zhang Jing‐Ya , Gu Jia‐Yun , Cui Yan , Wei Lili , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo explore whether sense of mastery can mediate the relationship between social support and illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were at the “Blanking Period.”DesignA cross‐sectional design.Methods405 patients with AF who were at the “Blanking Period” in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were recruited; they completed a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Personal Mastery Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire.ResultsSocial support and sense of mastery were both adversely connected to illness perception. The indirect effect of social support on illness perception through sense of mastery was negative, accounting for 86.04% of the total effect.ConclusionDuring the “Blanking Period,” better social support and sense of mastery contribute to a positive illness perception of AF patients. Social support also can influence patients' illness perception indirectly via the mediator of sense of mastery.
Nursing students' experience of incivility behaviours and its correlation with their nursing professional values: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Naseri Vahid , Pour Mahsa Boozari , Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Emami Payam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between experienced incivility behaviours and professional values in the clinical setting and also the factors influencing incivility and professional values.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsData gathering tools used in the study includes demographic characteristics, incivility behaviour and nursing professional values. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.ResultsThe findings showed that incivility behaviours had a statistically significant negative correlation with professional values (r = −.150, p = .003), so that the level of incivility behaviours experienced by students was low (1.76 out of 5). This was while the level of professional values was moderate to high among students (3.72 out of 5). Due to the negative and statistically significant correlation between incivility behaviours experienced by students and nursing professional values, it is necessary that the officials of teaching hospitals inform nurses about incivility behaviours. Considering the negative and statistically significant correlation, it can be concluded that the reduction in nurses' incivility behaviours as patterns of the nursing profession causes nursing students to better acquire and internalize nursing professional values in the clinical setting. Nurse educators should also try to communicate with nursing administrators to exchange information about nurses' civil and incivility behaviours perceived by students.
Predictive equations for energy expenditure in adult humans: From resting to free‐living conditions
Authors: Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo , Galgani José E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHumans acquire energy from the environment for survival. A central question for nutritional sciences is how much energy is required to sustain cellular work while maintaining an adequate body mass. Because human energy balance is not exempt from thermodynamic principles, the energy requirement can be approached from the energy expenditure. Conceptual and technological advances have allowed understanding of the physiological determinants of energy expenditure. Body mass, sex, and age are the main factors determining energy expenditure. These factors constitute the basis for predictive equations for resting (REE) and total (TEE) energy expenditure in healthy adults. These equations yield predictions that differ up to ~400 kcal/d for REE and ~550 kcal/d for TEE. Identifying additional factors accounting for such variability and the most valid equations appears relevant. This review used novel approaches based on mathematical modeling of REE and analyses of the data from which REE predictive equations were generated. As for TEE, R2 and SE were considered because only a few predictive equations are available. From these analyses, Oxford's and Plucker's equations appear valid for predicting REE and TEE in adults, respectively.
Reaction of Perrhenate with Phthalocyanine Derivatives in the Presence of Reducing Agents and Rhenium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ntsimango Songeziwe , Gandidzanwa Sendibitiyosi , Joseph Sinelizwi V. , Hosten Eric C. , Randall Marvin , Edkins Adrienne L. , Khene Samson M. , Mashazi Philani , Nyokong Tebello , Abrahams Abubak'r , Tshentu Zenixole R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel alternative route to access rhenium(V)−phthalocyanine complexes through direct metalation of metal‐free phthalocyanines (H2Pcs) with a rhenium(VII) salt in the presence of various two‐electron reducing agents is presented. Direct ion metalation of tetraamino‐ or tetranitrophthalocyanine with perrhenate (ReO4−) in the presence of triphenylphosphine led to oxidative decomposition of the H2Pcs, giving their respective phthalonitriles. Conversely, treatment of H2Pcs with ReO4− employing sodium metabisulfite yielded the desired ReVO−Pc complex. Finally, reaction of H2Pcs with ReO4− and NaBH4 as reducing agent led to the formation of rhenium oxide (RexOy) nanoparticles (NPs). The NP synthesis was optimised, and the RexOy NPs were capped with folic acid (FA) conjugated with tetraaminophthalocyanine (TAPc) to enhance their cancer cell targeting ability. The cytotoxicity profile of the resultant RexOy−TAPc−FA NPs was assessed and found to be greater than 80 % viability in four cell lines, namely, MDA−MB‐231, HCC7, HCC1806 and HEK293T. Non‐cytotoxic concentrations were determined and employed in cancer cell localization studies. The particle size effect on localization of NPs was also investigated using confocal fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The smaller NPs (≈10 nm) were found to exhibit stronger fluorescence properties than the ≈50 nm NPs and exhibited better cell localization ability than the ≈50 nm NPs.
Impact of dedicated pediatric neuro‐oncological services in a developing country: A single‐institution, Pakistani experience
Authors: Hamid Syed Ahmer , Zia Nida , Maqsood Sidra , Rafiq Naila , Fatima Mushkbar , Syed Yumna , Tabori Uri , Bartels Ute , Hawkins Cynthia , Huang Annie , Ramsawami Vijay , Mushtaq Naureen , Bouffet Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionBrain tumors are the most common solid neoplasms and the second most common malignancy in the pediatric age group. Due to the complexity of their management, pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are not a priority in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsIn an attempt to improve the survival rate and overall care, we introduced a dedicated pediatric neuro‐oncology service in our institute and evaluated its impact by dividing the pre‐ and post‐era into two cohorts and comparing them: 1998–2013 (16 years: cohort A) and 2014–2019 (6 years: cohort B, after the start of dedicated neuro‐oncology services).ResultsWe observed that after the implementation of a proper neuro‐oncology service, the proportion of patients treated with curative intent increased, and survival improved in cohort B. The patient volume also increased from 15.5 per year in cohort A to 44.8 per year in cohort B. The percentage of children given radiation therapy also increased significantly, while the proportion of children treated with chemotherapy remained stable.ConclusionA dedicated multidisciplinary team trained and knowledgeable in the specialty of pediatric neuro‐oncology can enhance and improve outcomes, and supportive care and help can provide good quality of life to children and their families with brain neoplasms.
A review on performance of near‐surface mounted‐carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer laminates bonded into slits
Authors: Gupta Sristi , Sharma Aanchna , Varma Rajendra K. , Kushvaha Vinod 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe near‐surface mounted (NSM) technique over the years has become the most popular retrofitting technique for obtaining enhanced strength and durability in reinforced concrete structural elements. It is mostly preferred for its easy application of composites in grooves cut on specimen concrete cover. The specimen surface is prepared with slits where polymer composite laminates are placed along with adhesives as filler to attain good bonding between laminates and the surface. The paper reviews the NSM carbon fiber reinforced polymer technique and its ascendancies over externally bonded composites retrofitting approach. Members strengthened with the NSM technique show enhanced shear strength, flexural capacity, and fatigue resistance. Motivated by the urge of gaining knowledge on various advantages of this emerging method, the paper reviews the load‐carrying capacity, failure modes, durability, and bonding behavior along with the enhancement ascertained in shear, flexure, and fatigue resistance by the NSM technique. In addition to offering guidance on the experimental and computational investigations on the overall behavior of the technique, the present review also intends to encourage further development in the near‐surface mounted carbon fiber polymer strengthening system of retrofit.
Mechanical performance of a novel glass fiber reinforced maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene composite and its thermoplastic‐based fiber metal laminates
Authors: Xing Jianing , Liu Shuai , Gao Shiyi , Qu Shijie , Sang Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, continuous glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic prepreg is proposed using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as the matrix resin. The compression molding parameters and plying sequences are optimized. Under the process parameters of 155°C and 15 MPa, both the tensile and flexural properties achieve the maximum values, and the plying sequence of (0°/90°) possess a balanced mechanical performance. Then, MAPP/GF/Al fiber‐metal laminates are further fabricated in two stacking configurations of 2/1 and 3/2. The mechanical results showed that the tensile and bending strength were basically maintained, while the modulus are significantly enhanced by 114.9% and 135.4% in 2/1 and 3/2 fiber metal laminates (FMLs) in contrast with MAPP/GF controls. In addition, the large deflection behavior in bending test for FMLs suggest that MAPP/GF and aluminum alloy show a synergy deformation due to the good bonding between metal layer and thermoplastic resin. The optical microstructure also revealed that the interlaminar adhesion are well joined between FML constituents. The findings in this study are important from a design viewpoint of FMLs because of the lower material cost, less processing time, and good lightweight effect, which potentially be tailored to use as structural parts in automobile applications.
Processing and physico‐mechanical characterization of sponge iron slag filled ramie fiber reinforced epoxy‐based composites
Authors: Mahapatra Sourav Kumar , Satapathy Alok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present research focuses on developing a new class of hybrid composites with woven ramie fiber mats reinforced in epoxy resin filled with different proportions of sponge iron (SI) slag. These multi‐layered composites are fabricated using conventional hand layup method. The cured composite samples are subjected to various physical, mechanical and micro‐structural characterization tests. Properties such as composite density, void content, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact and inter‐laminar shear strength, micro‐hardness, and so forth, are evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The compositional/micro‐structural features are identified with the help of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), stereo‐microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and so forth. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the shape, size and distribution pattern of the filler particles in the composites. The FTIR study is done to identify the functional groups present in the filler, fiber and in the resulting composite to get an insight to the chemistry of composite formation. Similarly, X‐Ray diffraction curve reveals the presence of hard phases such as silica, magnesioferrite, graphite, hematite, and so forth. This work suggests that successful fabrication of natural fiber composites is possible with additional reinforcement of an industrial waste like sponge iron slag and that most of the mechanical properties improve with increase in the content of SI slag in the composite.
Enhancing surface insulation of epoxy composite by constructing nanofiller‐skeleton charge channel
Authors: Xia Guowei , Duan Qijun , Yin Guohua , Li Jingwei , Wan Zijian , Yan Jiyuan , Xie Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the increase of voltage level, the surface flashover of epoxy composite insulation material becomes an important issue, which restricts the development of UHV (Ultra High Voltage) transmission technology. In this article, a method of using SiC skeleton to construct charge channel was proposed, which can enhance the surface insulation performance of epoxy composite. In addition, we investigated the influence of SiC skeleton structure on charge dissipation and flashover voltage. At the same time, we explored the synergistic influence mechanism of SiC and Al2O3 nanofillers and SiC skeleton on the surface flashover characteristics of epoxy resin. The results showed that the SiC skeleton effectively enhances the surface insulation performance of epoxy resin. When Al2O3 nanofiller and SiC skeleton act simultaneously, the flashover voltage enhancement reached 13.65%. Combining with finite element simulation, the flashover voltage enhancement mechanism of epoxy resin after modified by nanofiller‐skeleton method was analyzed. It showed that the internal charge channel formed by the SiC skeleton plays an important role in suppressing the local field distortion. The results of the study provided a new idea for modifying epoxy composite to improve the flashover voltage.
The plant endoplasmic reticulum UPRome: A repository and pathway browser for genes involved in signaling networks linked to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Herath Venura , Connolly Kaylee , Roach Anna , Ausekar Ashish , Persky Tracy , Verchot Jeanmarie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) houses sensors that respond to environmental stress and underly plants' adaptative responses. These sensors transduce signals that lead to changes in nuclear gene expression. The ER to nuclear signaling pathways are primarily attributed to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and are also integrated with a wide range of development, hormone, immune, and stress signaling pathways. Understanding the role of the UPR in signaling network mechanisms that associate with particular phenotypes is crucially important. While UPR‐associated genes are the subject of ongoing investigations in a few model plant systems, most remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidates across plant species. This open‐source curated database provides a centralized resource of peer reviewed knowledge of ER to nuclear signaling pathways for the plant community. We provide a UPRome interactive viewer for users to navigate through the pathways and to access annotated information. The plant ER UPRome website is located at http://uprome.tamu.edu. We welcome contributions from the researchers studying the ER UPR to incorporate additional genes into the database through the “contact us” page.
Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in a 15‐year‐old female associated with electronic cigarettes
Authors: Deskins Seth J. , Luketich Samuel K. , Al‐Qatarneh Saif 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPneumothorax as a sequela of vaping is a relatively recent complication being described in the literature. Smoking has classically been associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax, and emerging evidence is showing that electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) likely carry some of the same risks. Since e‐cigarettes increased in popularity, especially among the adolescent population, there has been a reported increased incidence of lung injury, including pneumothorax. We present a case of a 15‐year‐old female with a history of e‐cigarette use admitted for recurrent pneumothorax with failure to re‐expand requiring surgical intervention.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 Infections in children: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Gençeli Mustafa , Metin Akcan Özge , Pekcan Sevgi , Akin Fatih , Özdemir Mehmet , Kiliç Ahmet Osman , Yazar Abdullah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, which has had a negative impact worldwide. Our aim was to describe clinical findings and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2 viral infection and COVID‐19 cared for at a large pediatric tertiary care hospital during the first year of the pandemic. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 between March 2020 and April 2021 were included. The files of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Four hundred sixty seven children were included in the study. There were 34 (7.3%) patients under 1 year of age, 111 (23.8%) between 1 and 5 years, 98 (30.4%) between 5 and 10 years, 142 (30.4%) between 11 and 15 years, and 82 (17.6%) age over 15 years. Fever (88.2%), vomiting (32.4%), and diarrhea (29.4%) in patients aged under 1 year, sore throat (36.6%) in patients aged 11−15 years, and dysgeusia (11%), anosmia (14.6%), headache (18.3%), malaise (40.8%), myalgia (28%), and shortness of breath (17.1%) in those aged over 15 years were found to be significantly more common in comparison with the other age groups (p < 0.05). Thirty‐five (7.5%) patients were asymptomatic, 365 (78.1%) had mild disease, 35 (7.5%) were moderate, 27 (5.8%) were severe, and five (1.07%) were critical. Leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ferritin, and C‐reactive protein values were significantly higher in hospitalized patients. Three patients died during the study period (0.64%). While SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may be asymptomatic and COVID‐19 usually has a mild clinical course, some children have severe disease or mortality.
Identification of 2,2‐dinitropropanol, a Hydrolyzed Product of Aged Eutectic Bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) Acetal – Bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) Formal Mixture
Authors: Edgar Alexander S. , Wong Camille H. , Chen Kitmin , Langlois David A. , Yang Dali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEutectic bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) acetal ‐ bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) formal mixture, nitroplasticizer (herein called NP) has historically been produced by either the ter Meer or oxidative nitration synthesis process, wherein 2,2‐dinitropropanol (DNPOH) is produced as an intermediate step in both processes. Therefore that DNPOH, could be present in NP either as a production or hydrolysis degradation product is worth investigation. Here, we synthesized DNPOH, validated the synthesis using NMR, and identified DNPOH in aged NP using liquid chromatography tandem time of flight – quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF). Using these results, for the first time we positively identify that DNPOH is absent from NP after its production, but is present as a degradation product through hydrolysis from a thermo‐chemical aging profile of NP. To hydrolyze NP, prerequisite is the presence of both water and acid. Despite the presence of water in NP, DNPOH is only generated in the late stage of the aging process, when acid concentration is sufficiently high. It has been previously shown both theoretically and experimentally that a primary step of NP degradation is HONO elimination followed by decomposition, wherein nitric acid, nitrous acid, and water are produced (NP→NP’+2HONO and 2HONO→NO+NO2+H2O). It is shown from this reaction series that water slows HONO decomposition and therefore in small quantities, 100 s of ppm, water actually stabilizes NP against hydrolysis by equilibrium and reducing acidity.
Platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome in a patient with ongoing COVID‐19
Authors: Asami‐Noyama Maki , Harada Misa , Hisamoto Yukari , Kobayashi Taiga , Oishi Keiji , Edakuni Nobutaka , Hirano Tsunahiko , Kakugawa Tomoyuki , Matsunaga Kazuto 
Published: July 2022

Key messageSARS‐CoV‐2 infection of the vascular endothelium causes excessive vasodilation. It is important in the rehabilitation of patients with COVID‐19 to recognize that increased blood flow in lung lesions at the base of the lung due to vasodilation may cause V/Q mismatch and result in platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome.