bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with oral vitamin D alone, topical minoxidil, or combination of both in patients with female pattern hair loss: A comparative clinical and dermoscopic study
Authors: Hassan Ghada F. R. , Sadoma Manar E. T. , Elbatsh Manal M. , Ibrahim Zainab A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common dermatological complaints among female is female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Serum vitamin D is a factor lately taken into consideration in approaching patients complaining of hair loss.AimTo evaluate the serum level of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D in patients with FPHL and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D therapy alone or combined with minoxidil in the treatment of this disease.Methods45 patients with FPHL and 15 controls to measure serum level of vitamin D were enrolled in the study. Patients then were subdivided into 3 groups: group I received topical minoxidil and oral vitamin D, group II received topical minoxidil, and group III received oral vitamin D for 6 months. Clinical and dermoscopic evaluation was done for the three groups before and after treatment.ResultsVitamin D level was significantly decreased in patients compared to controls. After treatment, as regard Ludwig scale, there was statistically significant improvement in group I than II while no significant improvement was found in group III. Dermoscopy revealed that thin hair and single‐hair unit were significantly improved in groups I and II, while it was not significantly improved in group III.ConclusionOral vitamin D combination to topical minoxidil is recommended to treat patients with FPHL; they had better results than vitamin D or topical minoxidil alone.
Patients and family members´ perceptions of interprofessional teamwork in palliative care: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Kesonen Pauliina , Salminen Leena , Haavisto Elina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe patients and family members’ perceptions of interprofessional teamwork in specialised palliative care.BackgroundInterprofessional teamwork is essential when delivering high‐quality palliative care. Little attention has been paid to patients and family members’ perceptions.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 20 palliative patients and family members (n = 19) in four palliative wards, which were collected from May 2019 to November 2019. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsPatients’ perceptions of interprofessional teamwork were described as the nature of interprofessional teamwork, a sense of community and patient participation. Family members’ perceptions of interprofessional teamwork were described as the nature of interprofessional teamwork, the diverse expertise and the sense of community. Patients and family members’ perceptions of interprofessional teamwork were nearly identical and were based on observed social situations or their assumptions. They trust that professionals are working interprofessionally, even if the teamwork cannot be observed. In palliative care, the nature of interprofessional care changes together with patients’ condition and family members progressively need more professional support.ConclusionsConducting interprofessional care more openly could benefit the availability of different professionals’ competence to patients and family members. In palliative care, the nature of interprofessional teamwork changes together with the patients’ health condition. More information is needed about what constitutes an interprofessional framework and the required interprofessional competencies in palliative care.Relevance to clinical practice.The findings show the importance of considering the patient's health status when interprofessional care is planned. However, professionals should recognise that a patient's weakening condition changes the focus more to the needs of the family members. It is acknowledged that IP teamwork requires time, but in PC settings, spending time on collaborative practices is not always possible.
Who matters in dynamic coordination problems?
Authors: Guimaraes Bernardo , Jardanovski Gabriel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper studies a dynamic coordination model with timing frictions and heterogeneity in several dimensions. Each agent might affect and be affected by others in different ways, and the frequency of their decisions might differ. We show there is a unique equilibrium in the model. The economy might sometimes be stuck in an inefficient low‐output equilibrium, and subsidies can improve welfare. We solve the planner's problem assuming no financial constraint and full commitment. The optimal subsidy does not depend on each type's timing frictions: at each point in time, the planner should simply compensate each agent for its externality on others at that particular moment—and disregard the potential for generating externalities in the future. This seemingly myopic policy provides the right incentives for forward‐looking agents. One key intuition is that players form expectations about what others will do exactly as the planner forms expectations about the actions of its future selves.
Trends in dental insurance claims in the United States before and during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Maupome Gerardo , Scully Allison C. , Yepes Juan F. , Eckert George J. , Downey Timothy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic disrupted health care services. Previous reports estimated reductions in demand and supply of dental care services, but actual changes have not been reported. The present report depicts a perspective of trends in claims from private dental practice in the United States during 2019 and 2020.MethodsPrivate dental insurance paid claims data from a data warehouse (encompassing 66+ carriers in the United States) were obtained for children and adults (treatments identified by their American Dental Association Code of Dental Procedures and Nomenclature [CDT]), encompassing a 5% random sample of all records between January 2019 and December 2020. A market‐based treatment classification placed CDT codes into one of four categories based on the likelihood of being associated with urgent/emergency care.ResultsClaims for 3.8 million patients constituted the 5% random sample for analyses. Substantial drops in the provision of treatment items were quantified for a large segment of private dental insurance plans at a national level, showing differential impacts in dental care categories.ConclusionsWeek‐by‐week, detailed descriptions of demand/availability changes in dental care throughout the first year of the 2020 SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic were obtained through contrasting perspectives in 2019. Provision of dental care and associated impacts fluctuated over time subject to treatment urgency, but also modified as the weeks/months of dental office lockdowns ebbed in and out of the dental market.
Comparison of homogenization with the GentleMacs Dissociator vs conventional methods for routine tissue processing
Authors: Pradal M. , Saint-sardos P. , Faïs T. , Bonnet R. , Delmas J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tissue specimens are valuable materials for microbiological diagnosis. The method of tissue processing can have a significant effect on sensitivity. This study aimed to compare different biopsy processing methods in terms of efficacy and standardization. Pork tissue artificially inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and samples of infected human tissue were processed by different methods before culture, and the results compared. Bacterial recovery from artificially inoculated pork tissue was significantly higher by homogenization with GentleMacs Dissociator than with sonication. No significant difference was observed between the GentleMacs Dissociator and manual treatment with a scalpel and vortexing. The microbial yield from homogenized human tissues was significantly higher after homogenization with GentleMacs Dissociator than with the conventional method. Homogenization with the GentleMacs Dissociator retrieves bacteria from tissue effectively. Tissue homogenization with the Dissociator is easy and fast to perform and allows for a high degree of standardization.
Children born during the hunger season are at a higher risk of severe acute malnutrition: Findings from a Guinea Sahelian ecological zone in Northern Ghana
Authors: Nonterah Engelbert A. , Welaga Paul , Chatio Samuel T. , Kehoe Sarah H. , Ofosu Winfred , Ward Kate A. , Godfrey Keith M. , Oduro Abraham R. , Newell Marie‐Louise ,   as members of the INPreP study group
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeightened food insecurity in the hunger season increases the risk of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood. This study examined the association of season of birth with SAM in a Guinean Sahelian ecological zone. We analyzed routine health and sociodemographic surveillance data from the Navrongo Health and Socio‐demographic Surveillance System collected between 2011 and 2018. January–June, the period of highest food insecurity, was defined as the hunger season. We defined moderate acute malnutrition as child mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) between 115 mm and 135 mm and SAM as MAUC ≤ 115 mm. We used adjusted logistic regression to quantify the association between the season of birth and SAM in children aged 6–35 months. From the 29,452 children studied, 24% had moderate acute malnutrition. Overall, 1.4% had SAM, with a higher prevalence (1.8%) in the hunger season of birth. Compared with those born October–December, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for SAM were increased for children born in the hunger season: January–March (1.77 [1.31–2.39]) and April–June (1.92 [1.44–2.56]). Low birth weight, age at an assessment of nutritional status, and ethno‐linguistic group were also significantly associated with SAM in adjusted analyses. Our study established that being born in the hunger season is associated with a higher risk of severe acute malnutrition. The result implies improvement in the food supply to pregnant and lactating mothers through sustainable agriculture or food system change targeting the hunger season may reduce the burden of severe acute malnutrition.
Multi‐defect segmentation from façade images using balanced copy–paste method
Authors: Li Jiajun , Wang Qian , Ma Jun , Guo Jingjing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFaçade defect is an unavoidable and considerable problem to existing buildings and can cause great influence to building owners. The traditional manual façade inspection method is costly, inefficient, and unsafe. Although recent studies achieved the classification of façade defects from images, pixel‐level façade defect segmentation has not been tackled. Therefore, this study proposed and implemented a balanced copy–paste method with the Mask Region‐based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R‐CNN) model to realize automatic detection and segmentation of façade defects. The proposed balanced copy–paste method was able to improve the recognition accuracy for minority classes and small objects. The proposed method was applied to a façade defect dataset with 2286 images that contained six common categories of defects. Comparisons with three other methods demonstrated that the proposed method could achieve the highest accuracy in defect detection (mean average precision (mAP) = 33.33) and segmentation (mAP = 27.26). Furthermore, compared to the original dataset, the proposed method could result in the greatest accuracy improvement for both minority classes (31% in detection and 32% in segmentation) and small objects (23% in detection and 19% in segmentation). Compared to the traditional over‐sampling method and other methods based on algorithm level, the proposed method also showed higher computational efficiency.
S100‐stained perineural invasion is associated with worse prognosis in stage I/II colorectal cancer: Its possible association with immunosuppression in the tumor
Authors: Fukuda Yumiko , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Eto Ken , Ukai Natsuko , Sonobe Shoko , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Ikegami Masahiro , Shimoda Masayuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerineural invasion (PNI) is known as a poor prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although histopathological evaluation of PNI is usually conducted on hematoxylin and eosin (HE)‐stained sections (HE‐PNI), it remains controversial whether PNI can be precisely evaluated only by HE‐staining, and its concise mechanisms causing worse prognosis remains elusive. In this study, we examined the impact of PNI evaluated by S‐100‐immunostaining (S100‐PNI) on postoperative mortality in 279 consecutive CRC patients and further investigated its association with the tumor immune microenvironment. S100‐PNI was present in 67.3% of tumors whereas HE‐PNI was present in 18.5%. A 5‐year cumulative incidence of death in the S100‐PNI‐positive group was significantly higher than that in the S100‐PNI‐negative group. Further statistical analyses revealed that S100‐PNI was an independent prognostic factor of all‐cause mortality in stage I/II but not in stage III/IV. Importantly, S100‐PNI was associated with the altered tumor immune microenvironment. Infiltrating immune cell profiling revealed that stromal lymphocytic reaction, which was inversely correlated with postoperative mortality, was significantly reduced in S100‐PNI‐positive tumors compared to S100‐PNI‐negative tumors in stage I/II. These results indicated that S100‐PNI was a poor prognostic factor in stage I/II CRC with possible association with immunosuppression in the tumor.
Are all real‐world objects created equal? Estimating the “set‐size” of the search target in visual working memory
Authors: Miuccio Michael T. , Zelinsky Gregory J. , Schmidt Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAre all real‐world objects created equal? Visual search difficulty increases with the number of targets and as target‐related visual working memory (VWM) load increases. Our goal was to investigate the load imposed by individual real‐world objects held in VWM in the context of search. Measures of visual clutter attempt to quantify real‐world set‐size in the context of scenes. We applied one of these measures, the number of proto‐objects, to individual real‐world objects and used contralateral delay activity (CDA) to measure the resulting VWM load. The current study presented a real‐world object as a target cue, followed by a delay where CDA was measured. This was followed by a four‐object search array. We compared CDA and later search performance from target cues containing a high or low number of proto‐objects. High proto‐object target cues resulted in greater CDA, longer search RTs, target dwell times, and reduced search guidance, relative to low proto‐object targets. These findings demonstrate that targets with more proto‐objects result in a higher VWM load and reduced search performance. This shows that the number of proto‐objects contained within individual objects produce set‐size like effects in VWM and suggests proto‐objects may be a viable unit of measure of real‐world VWM load. Importantly, this demonstrates that not all real‐world objects are created equal.
Taxonomies for synthesizing the evidence on communicating numbers in health: Goals, format, and structure
Authors: Ancker Jessica S. , Benda Natalie C. , Sharma Mohit M. , Johnson Stephen B. , Weiner Stephanie , Zikmund‐Fisher Brian J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany people, especially those with low numeracy, are known to have difficulty interpreting and applying quantitative information to health decisions. These difficulties have resulted in a rich body of research about better ways to communicate numbers. Synthesizing this body of research into evidence‐based guidance, however, is complicated by inconsistencies in research terminology and researcher goals. In this article, we introduce three taxonomies intended to systematize terminology in the literature, derived from an ongoing systematic literature review. The first taxonomy provides a systematic nomenclature for the outcome measures assessed in the studies, including perceptions, decisions, and actions. The second taxonomy is a nomenclature for the data formats assessed, including numbers (and different formats for numbers) and graphics. The third taxonomy describes the quantitative concepts being conveyed, from the simplest (a single value at a single point in time) to more complex ones (including a risk‐benefit trade‐off and a trend over time). Finally, we demonstrate how these three taxonomies can be used to resolve ambiguities and apparent contradictions in the literature.
Cognitive Modeling of Anticipation: Unsupervised Learning and Symbolic Modeling of Pilots' Mental Representations
Authors: Blum Sebastian , Klaproth Oliver , Russwinkel Nele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ability to anticipate team members' actions enables joint action towards a common goal. Task knowledge and mental simulation allow for anticipating other agents' actions and for making inferences about their underlying mental representations. In human–AI teams, providing AI agents with anticipatory mechanisms can facilitate collaboration and successful execution of joint action. This paper presents a computational cognitive model demonstrating mental simulation of operators' mental models of a situation and anticipation of their behavior. The work proposes two successive steps: (1) A hierarchical cluster algorithm is applied to recognize patterns of behavior among pilots. These behavioral clusters are used to derive commonalities in situation models from empirical data (N = 13 pilots). (2) An ACT‐R (adaptive control of thought ‐ rational) cognitive model is implemented to mentally simulate different possible outcomes of action decisions and timing of a pilot. model tracing of ACT‐R allows following up on operators' individual actions. Two models are implemented using the symbolic representations of ACT‐R: one simulating normative behavior and the other by simulating individual differences and using subsymbolic learning. Model performance is analyzed by a comparison of both models. Results indicate the improved performance of the individual differences over the normative model and are discussed regarding implications for cognitive assistance capable of anticipating operator behavior.
Recent progress in the pig‐to‐nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model: Report of a symposium
Authors: Cooper David K.C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThree excellent presentations at an industry‐sponsored symposium at the (virtual) congress of the combined IXA/CTRMS (September 23–25, 2021) were directed to the value and limitations of the pig‐to‐nonhuman primate (NHP) kidney transplantation model. Daniel Firl and James Markmann provided a meta‐analysis comparing the results of kidney allotransplantation and xenotransplantation in NHPs during the past 25 years. Remarkably, the authors had identified 73 published reports that included 910 individual experiments. Although recipient survival after allotransplantation was longer, the superiority over the survival of xenografts was less than anticipated. Given the excellent short‐ and medium‐term results of clinical kidney allotransplantation today, these data provide hope that the results of clinical pig kidney xenotransplantation may prove significantly better than in NHPs. The authors identified several factors that were shown to statistically influence the success or failure of xenotransplantation. Jean Kwun provided valuable information relating to the longstanding question of whether the survival of a pig organ would be jeopardized if transplanted into an allosensitized recipient. He demonstrated that pig kidney transplantation in an HLA‐sensitized patient may be at a disadvantage, although multiple genetic engineering of the organ‐source pig significantly delayed rejection. In the initial clinical trials, therefore, it would seem wise to exclude any patient with evidence of anti‐HLA antibodies. Andrew Adams reported longer survival (>1 year) of Rhesus monkeys with life‐supporting pig kidney grafts than has been achieved previously. Although not consistently achieved, these excellent results were obtained with an anti‐CD154mAb‐based regimen after CD4+T cell and partial CD20+B cell depletion. Factors that might have contributed to this success, including the phenotype of the pig, the species of the recipient, the recipient's anti‐pig antibody level, and the immunosuppressive regimen, were discussed. Importantly, pig kidney function appeared to be normal in long‐term surviving monkeys. Each study contributed to our goal of introducing xenotransplantation into the clinic.
A Study On Inter- Relationship Of Open Space And Social Cohesion For Wellbeing Of Elderly: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dash Shanta Pragyan , Thilagam N. Lakshmi 
Published: January 2022

Social cohesion in public open spaces has been recommended as one of the key elements for improving the wellbeing of the elderly. Social cohesion includes relational elements and individuals' feeling of association. Over the past few decades, increasing social interaction in the neighbourhood is part of larger urban areas and has been regarded as one of the social sustainability initiatives and plays an important role in megacities sustainability. Comprehending place attachment is necessary to enhance elderly people's interactions to make them self-reliant. The study aims to identify the characteristics of open spaces with their major influential factors for enhancing social cohesion for the well-being of the elderly in an urban residential environment through a systematic literature review. The study focuses on addressing three research questions and analysing its results from primary literature studies in the review process. Ten electronic databases were searched for relevant work from papers written in English between 2011 and 2021. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies were included. A narrative synthesis was carried out of published works to address the research questions after identifying the various characteristics. The review, which includes 57 published papers, found that the Open spaces are ideally characterized by accessibility, walkability, reduced fear and security, built environment characteristics, landscape elements, climate, best practices, and New Urbanism principles. On the other hand, social cohesion is influenced by activities, safety and security, public places, accessibility, natural elements, noise levels, vehicular interruptions, dimensions and geometry, climate, and physical amenities. A conceptual framework relating to open space attributes and social cohesion is proposed as the finding of the research. Prioritizing the attributes based on the physical, behavioural, and psychological needs of the elderly to keep them active in their aging process could be the further scope of research in this direction.