bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of copy number alterations in bladder cancer stem cells revealed a prognostic role of LRP1B
Authors: Conconi Donatella , Jemma Andrea , Giambra Martina , Redaelli Serena , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Dalprà Leda , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Bentivegna Angela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. It represents a spectrum of diseases, from recurrent non-invasive tumors (NMIBCs) managed chronically, to muscle infiltrating and advanced-stage disease (MIBC) that requires multimodal and invasive treatment. Multiple studies have underlined the complexity of bladder tumors genome, highlighting many specific genetic lesions and genome-wide occurrences of copy-number alterations (CNAs). In this study, we analyzed CNAs of selected genes in our cohorts of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) cohort with the aim to correlate their frequency with patients’ prognosis.

Methods
CNAs have been verified on our array-CGH data previously reported on 19 bladder cancer biopsies (10 NMIBCs and 9 MIBCs) and 16 matched isolated CSC cultures. In addition, CNAs data have been consulted on the TCGA database, to search correlations with patients’ follow-up. Finally, mRNA expression levels of LRP1B in TGCA cohort were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas.

Results
We firstly identified CNAs differentially represented between TGCA data and CSCs derived from NMIBCs and MIBCs, and we correlated the presence of these CNAs with patients’ follow-up. LRP1B loss was significantly increased in CSCs and linked to short-term poor prognosis, both at genomic and transcriptomic level, confirming its pivotal role in bladder cancer tumorigenesis.

Conclusion
Our study allowed us to identify potential "predictive" prognostic CNAs for bladder cancer, implementing knowledge for the ultimate goal of personalized medicine.
Systematic review of the association between isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Shere Clare , Clark Emma M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 1–3% of the population, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The coexistence of musculoskeletal hypermobility and scoliosis in many inherited syndromes raises the possibility that isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility may contribute to AIS development or progression.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of the evidence for a relationship between isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS. A meta-analysis was planned, but if not possible, a narrative evidence synthesis was planned.

Results
Nineteen studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion. One study was excluded due to insufficient quality. Substantial heterogeneity in study design and methodology negated meta-analysis, so a narrative review was performed. Of the 18 studies included, seven suggested a positive association and eight found no association. Three reported the prevalence of musculoskeletal hypermobility in individuals with AIS. Overall, there was no convincing population-based evidence for an association between musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS, with only two case–control studies by the same authors presenting compelling evidence for an association. Although populations at extremes of hypermobility had a high prevalence of spinal curvature, these studies were at high risk of confounding. Wide variation in methods of measuring musculoskeletal hypermobility and the challenge of assessing AIS in population-based studies hinder study comparison.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of high-quality evidence examining the association between isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS. Large-scale prospective studies with adequate adjustment for potential confounding factors could clarify the relationship between musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of AIS.
Management of displaced humeral surgical neck fractures in daily clinical practice: hanging does not re-align the fracture
Authors: Spek Reinier W. A. , Hoogervorst Lotje A. , Elias Michaëla E. C. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Veeger DirkJan H. E. J. , Doornberg Job N. , Jutte Paul C. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
It is unclear if the collar and cuff treatment improve alignment in displaced surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus. Therefore, this study evaluated if the neckshaft angle and extent of displacement would improve between trauma and onset of radiographically visible callus in non-operatively treated surgical neck fractures (Boileau type A, B, C).

Materials and Methods
A consecutive series of patients (≥ 18 years old) were retrospectively evaluated from a level 1 trauma center in Australia (inclusion period: 2016–2020) and a level 2 trauma center in the Netherlands (inclusion period: 2004 to 2018). Patients were included if they sustained a Boileau-type fracture and underwent initial non-operative treatment. The first radiograph had to be obtained within 24 h after the initial injury and the follow-up radiograph(s) 1 week after trauma and before the start of radiographically visible callus. On each radiograph, the maximal medial gap (MMG), maximal lateral gap (MLG), and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were measured. Linear mixed modelling was performed to evaluate if these measurements would improve over time.

Results
Sixty-seven patients were included: 25 type A, 11 type B, and 31 type C fractures.
The mean age (range) was 68 years (24–93), and the mean number (range) of follow-up radiographs per patient was 1 (1–4). Linear mixed modelling on both MMG and MLG revealed no improvement during follow-up among the three groups. Mean NSA of type A fractures improved significantly from 161° at trauma to 152° at last follow-up (p-value = 0.004).

Conclusions
Apart from humeral head angulation improvement in type A, there is no increase nor reduction in displacement among the three fracture patterns. Therefore, it is advised that surgical decision-making should be performed immediately after trauma.

Level of clinical evidence
Level IV, retrospective case series.
Functional Laryngeal Assessment in Patients with Tracheostomy Following COVID-19 a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dawson C. , Nankivell P. , Pracy J. P. , Capewell R. , Wood M. , Weblin J. , Parekh D. , Patel J. , Skoretz S. A. , Sharma N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo explore laryngeal function of tracheostomised patients with COVID-19 in the acute phase, to identify ways teams may facilitate and expedite tracheostomy weaning and rehabilitation of upper airway function. Consecutive tracheostomised patients underwent laryngeal examination during mechanical ventilation weaning. Primary outcomes included prevalence of upper aerodigestive oedema and airway protection during swallow, tracheostomy duration, ICU frailty scores, and oral intake type. Analyses included bivariate associations and exploratory multivariable regressions. 48 consecutive patients who underwent tracheostomy insertion as part of their respiratory wean following invasive ventilation in a single UK tertiary hospital were included. 21 (43.8%) had impaired airway protection on swallow (PAS ≥ 3) with 32 (66.7%) having marked airway oedema in at least one laryngeal area. Impaired airway protection was associated with longer total artificial airway duration (p = 0.008), longer tracheostomy tube duration (p = 0.007), multiple intubations (p = 0.006) and was associated with persistent ICU acquired weakness at ICU discharge (p = 0.03). Impaired airway protection was also an independent predictor for longer tracheostomy tube duration (p = 0.02, Beta 0.38, 95% CI 2.36 to 27.16). The majority of our study patients presented with complex laryngeal findings which were associated with impaired airway protection. We suggest a proactive standardized scoring and review protocol to manage this complex group of patients in order to maximize health outcomes and ICU resources. Early laryngeal assessment may facilitate weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation and liberation from tracheostomy, as well as practical and objective risk stratification for patients regarding decannulation and feeding.
LinkD: element-based data interlinking of RDF datasets in linked data
Authors: Kettouch Mohamed Salah , Luca Cristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the main obstacles in publishing in a Linked Data way is to connect the dataset being published externally with related data sources in the cloud, known as Data Interlinking. This paper proposes LinkD, a new element-based interlinking approach. LinkD interlinks an RDF dataset, resulted from transformed semi-structured data, with its counterparts in the web of Linked Data. To provide similarity links, the existence of published data in the Linked Data cloud is done in the first place. Different algorithms for similarity measurement are employed while the domain of the dataset being interlinked is taken into account. The techniques utilised allow the processing of a large number of Linked Data datasets. The evaluation of LinkD shows high precision, recall and performance.
Expression for uncertainty intervals handling skewness when the relative standard uncertainty is independent of the measurand level
Authors: Sahlin Eskil , Magnusson Bertil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUncertainty intervals for many measurement results are typically reported as symmetric intervals around the measured value. However, at large standard uncertainties (> approx. 15 %–20 %), it is necessary to consider asymmetry of the uncertainty intervals. Here, an expression for calculating uncertainty intervals handling asymmetry when the relative standard uncertainty is independent of the measurand level is presented. The expression is based on implementation of a power transformation ($${x}^{B}$$

x

B

) for transformation of measurement results in order to achieve results that have a symmetric and approximate normal distribution. Uncertainty intervals are then calculated in the transformed space and back-transformed to the original space. The transformation includes a parameter, B, that needs to be optimized, and this can be based on real results, modelling of results, or on judgement. Two important reference points are B equal to 1 that corresponds to an approximate normal distribution of the original measurement results, and B approaching 0 that corresponds to an approximate log-normal distribution of the original measurement results. Comparisons are made with uncertainty intervals calculated using other expressions where it is assumed that measurement results have a normal distribution or a log-normal distribution. Implementation of the approach is demonstrated with several examples from chemical analysis.
Characteristics and surgical management of pure trapdoor fracture of the orbital floor in adults: a 15-year review
Authors: Gugliotta Ylenia , Roccia Fabio , Demo Paolo Garzino , Rossi Maria Beatrice 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This retrospective study aims to define the optimal timing of the surgical treatment of orbital floor trapdoor fractures (OFTFs) in adults according to clinical and radiological findings.

Methods
From January 2006 to December 2020, 382 patients with isolated orbital floor fracture were admitted to the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery of Turin, Italy. The criteria for inclusion were age ≥ 16 years, preoperative computed tomography showing a linear (1a) or medial hinge fracture (1b), diplopia, and 6 months of follow-up data. Aetiology and mechanism of injury, presence of post-traumatic enophthalmos and oculocardiac reflex, time between trauma occurrence and surgery [stratified as < 24 h (urgent treatment), 24–96 h (early treatment), and > 96 h (late treatment)], days of hospitalisation, and clinical outcomes were examinated.

Results
Twenty-four patients (18 males; mean age, 23.2 years) presented with OFTFs. The most common cause was sport injury (50%). Type 1a fracture was observed in eight patients (mean age, 19.5 years), type 1b fracture in 16 patients (mean age, 23.6 years). Urgent, early, and late treatments were performed in eight patients each. The mean time between trauma occurrence and surgery was 3,8 days (range: 0–17 days). Resolution of diplopia was observed 1 week after surgery in 10 patients, 1 month in 12. Diplopia persisted in 2 patient, both treated > 96 h after trauma.

Conclusion
Although the number of patients was too small to define a standard protocol, the authors recommend early treatment of adult OFTFs to promote complete resolution of diplopia.
On Mathematical and Numerical Modelling of Multiphysics Wave Propagation with Polytopal Discontinuous Galerkin Methods: a Review
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , Botti Michele , Mazzieri Ilario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work we review discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods on polytopal grids (PolydG) for the numerical simulation of multiphysics wave propagation phenomena in heterogeneous media. In particular, we address wave phenomena in elastic, poro-elastic, and poro-elasto-acoustic materials. Wave propagation is modeled by using either the elastodynamics equation in the elastic domain, the acoustics equations in the acoustic domain and the low-frequency Biot’s equations in the poro-elastic one. The coupling between different models is realized by means of (physically consistent) transmission conditions, weakly imposed at the interface between the subdomains. For all models configuration, we introduce and analyse the PolydG semi-discrete formulation, which is then coupled with suitable time marching schemes. For the semi-discrete problem, we present the stability analysis and derive a-priori error estimates in a suitable energy norm. A wide set of two-dimensional verification tests with manufactured solutions are presented in order to validate the error analysis. Examples of physical interest are also shown to demonstrate the capability of the proposed methods.
A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload
Authors: Souchet Alexis D. , Lourdeaux Domitile , Pagani Alain , Rebenitsch Lisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload. Usually, these VRISE are treated independently in the literature, although virtual reality is increasingly considered an option to replace PCs at the workplace, which encourages us to consider them all at once. We emphasize the context of office-like tasks in VR, gathering 57 articles meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cybersickness symptoms, influenced by fifty factors, could prevent workers from using VR. It is studied but requires more research to reach a theoretical consensus. VR can lead to more visual fatigue than other screen uses, influenced by fifteen factors, mainly due to vergence-accommodation conflicts. This side effect requires more testing and clarification on how it differs from cybersickness. VR can provoke muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort, influenced by fifteen factors, depending on tasks and interactions. VR could lead to acute stress due to technostress, task difficulty, time pressure, and public speaking. VR also potentially leads to mental overload, mainly due to task load, time pressure, and intrinsically due interaction and interface of the virtual environment. We propose a research agenda to tackle VR ergonomics and risks issues at the workplace.
Capture and reagent exchange (CARE) wells for cell isolation, labeling, and characterization
Authors: Loutherback Kevin , Dietz Allan B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCell therapy is an emerging field that uses cells as living drugs to treat a broad array of acute and chronic diseases. Most cell therapies in clinical trials are made using standard bench methods, whose open processing require manufacturing in expensive GMP cleanrooms. As cell therapies progress, new methods are needed to enable scalable manufacturing while maintaining process integrity, reducing environmental exposure, and limiting critical cell and reagent use. Here, we introduce capture and reagent exchange (CARE) wells that allow critical processing steps to be integrated into a closed microfluidic device. The unique property of CARE wells is that they allow reagent exchange from an attached channel without cell loss from wells. We show through simulation and experiment that this feature is present in cylindrical wells whose depth is sufficient to generate multiple recirculating vortices and is independent of flow rate in the channel. We demonstrate that CARE wells can be used to perform cell separation, on-chip labeling, and characterization of monocytes as the first steps toward a closed microfluidic system for production of dendritic cell therapies. Immunomagnetic separation of CD14 + monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into wells was performed with purity of 97 ± 2% and capture efficiency of 50 ± 17%. On-chip labeling, washing, and characterization were performed using two cell surface markers (CD14 and HLA-DR) on over 3000 cells captured in a 5193-well device. The combination of high purity separation and reagent exchange without cell loss with robust performance over wide range of input and operating conditions makes this technique a promising approach for scalable manufacturing and analysis of cell therapies.
Scalar reward is not enough: a response to Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton (2021)
Authors: Vamplew Peter , Smith Benjamin J. , Källström Johan , Ramos Gabriel , Rădulescu Roxana , Roijers Diederik M. , Hayes Conor F. , Heintz Fredrik , Mannion Patrick , Libin Pieter J. K. , Dazeley Richard , Foale Cameron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe recent paper “Reward is Enough” by Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton posits that the concept of reward maximisation is sufficient to underpin all intelligence, both natural and artificial, and provides a suitable basis for the creation of artificial general intelligence. We contest the underlying assumption of Silver et al. that such reward can be scalar-valued. In this paper we explain why scalar rewards are insufficient to account for some aspects of both biological and computational intelligence, and argue in favour of explicitly multi-objective models of reward maximisation. Furthermore, we contend that even if scalar reward functions can trigger intelligent behaviour in specific cases, this type of reward is insufficient for the development of human-aligned artificial general intelligence due to unacceptable risks of unsafe or unethical behaviour.
A theoretical systematic review of patient involvement in health and social care education
Authors: Bennett-Weston Amber , Gay Simon , Anderson Elizabeth S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatient involvement in health and social care education lacks theoretical underpinning, despite increasing calls for rigour. Theories help explain how learning is advanced and offer guidance for how faculty work with patients who become involved in curriculum delivery. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise how theory shapes our understanding of patient involvement in health and social care education. Three databases were systematically searched. Studies demonstrating explicit and high-quality application of theory to patient involvement in teaching and learning or involvement within a community of health and social care educators, were included. A narrative synthesis was undertaken using Activity Theory as an analytical lens to highlight the multifaceted components of patient involvement in professional education. Seven high-quality, theoretically underpinned studies were included. Four studies applied theory to pedagogy, showing how deep learning from patient involvement occurred. Despite a growing body of studies which attempt to use theory to explain learning, many were descriptive, lacked theoretical quality and were therefore excluded. Three studies applied theory to illuminate the complexity of involving patients in the educational system, showing how patients can be supported and valued in teaching roles. This review highlights that more work is required to identify the mechanisms through which patient involvement enhances learning and, to explore what involvement within the education community means for faculty and patients. Our understandings of patient-educator partnerships for learning could be progressed by further high-quality theory driven studies, which include the patient voice.
Integrated Health Care Delivery for Adolescents Living with and at Risk of HIV Infection: A Review of Models and Actions for Implementation
Authors: Subramanian Sujha , Namusoke-Magongo Eleanor , Edwards Patrick , Atujuna Millicent , Chimulwa Teddy , Dow Dorothy , Jalil Emilia , Torbunde Nguavese , Agot Kawango , Arinaitwe Ivan , Beizer Jenny , Chelwa Nachela , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Miti Sam , Mwangwa Florence 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntegrated service delivery, providing coordinated services in a convenient manner, is important in HIV prevention and treatment for adolescents as they have interconnected health care needs related to HIV care, sexual and reproductive health and disease prevention. This review aimed to (1) identify key components of adolescent-responsive integrated service delivery in low and middle-income countries, (2) describe projects that have implemented integrated models of HIV care for adolescents, and (3) develop action steps to support the implementation of sustainable integrated models. We developed an implementation science-informed conceptual framework for integrated delivery of HIV care to adolescents and applied the framework to summarize key data elements in ten studies or programs across seven countries. Key pillars of the framework included (1) the socioecological perspective, (2) community and health care system linkages, and (3) components of adolescent-focused care. The conceptual framework and action steps outlined can catalyze design, implementation, and optimization of HIV care for adolescents.
Mytilicola orientalis
Authors: Borkens Yannick , Koppe Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeozoa are invasive species that enter faunal communities as new species. Not infrequently, they pose a threat to local ecosystems. Climate change could further promote these developments or favor neozoa. Thus, they represent a relevant threat in the future. One of these neozoa is the copepod parasite Mytilicola orientalis. This parasite originates from Asia and infects a wide variety of bivalves like mussels and oysters. However, as an invasive species, it can be found more and more frequently in Europe, especially in the North and Baltic Seas. There, M. orientalis poses a real threat to mussels in aquaculture and thus also to the local economy.
On the Epistemological Relevance of Social Power and Justice in Mathematics
Authors: Hunsicker Eugenie , Rittberg Colin Jakob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper we argue that questions about which mathematical ideas mathematicians are exposed to and choose to pay attention to are epistemologically relevant and entangled with power dynamics and social justice concerns. There is a considerable body of literature that discusses the dissemination and uptake of ideas as social justice issues. We argue that these insights are also relevant for the epistemology of mathematics. We make this visible by a journalistic exploration of relevant cases and embed our insights into the larger question how mathematical ideas are taken up in mathematical practices. We argue that epistemologies of mathematics ought to account for questions of exposure to and choice of attention to mathematical ideas, and remark on the political relevance of such epistemologies.