bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group model building om de doorwerking van het vernieuwde toezicht in het onderwijs in beeld te brengen
Authors: Honingh Marlies , van Genugten Marieke , van Montfort Cor 
Published: April 2022

Group model building om de doorwerking van het vernieuwde toezicht in het onderwijs in beeld te brengen
Met het vernieuwde toezicht wil de Inspectie van het Onderwijs (IvhO) besturen en scholen blijvend en nadrukkelijker stimuleren. Van onderwijsorganisaties wordt verwacht dat zij verantwoordelijkheid nemen voor de onderwijskwaliteit in hun scholen. Bij de evaluatie van het vernieuwde toezicht van de Inspectie van het Onderwijs (IvhO) hebben we een mixed methods-aanpak gehanteerd waarbij we kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve mehtoden hebben gecombineerd. Een belangrijk onderdeel van het kwalitatieve deel van het onderzoek werd gevormd door group model building (gmb), een methodiek uit de systeemdynamica. Deze methodiek maakt het mogelijk om de dynamiek die ontstaat binnen de onderwijsorganisaties als gevolg van het vernieuwde toezicht in beeld te brengen. In dit artikel geven we inzicht in de methodologische onderbouwing van het gebruik van gmb en laten we zien hoe we de uitkomsten van deze methodiek hebben gebruikt bij toetsing van de beleidstheorie achter het vernieuwde toezicht. Daarmee bieden we inzicht in de waarde en bruikbaarheid van de methode van gmb om effecten van toezicht zichtbaar te maken. De methode van group model building helpt hierbij omdat (1) deze methodiek ruimte biedt om effectiviteit breed op te vatten en mee te nemen in de analyse en (2) gmb de mogelijkheid biedt om het systeem als geheel en de onderliggende interacties in beeld te krijgen.
Effectmeting bij de Autoriteit Financiële Markten
Authors: Zijlstra Wilte , Gibbs Miriam , Ishwardat Sarwesh 
Published: April 2022

Effectmeting bij de Autoriteit Financiële Markten
In deze bijdrage beschrijven de auteurs hoe de AFM effectmetingen wil stimuleren en faciliteren. Vooral de effectprijs en de module effectmeting in een interne opleiding lijken succesvol. Andere toezichthouders kunnen mogelijk leren van de ervaringen bij de AFM.
Een indringende evenredigheidstoets bij bestuurlijke maatregelen – what’s new?
Authors: de Rond Carola 
Published: April 2022

Een indringende evenredigheidstoets bij bestuurlijke maatregelen – what’s new?
In drie uitspraken van 2 februari 2022 gaat de Grote Kamer van de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State in op de evenredigheidstoetsing bij discretionaire besluiten. Dat wil zeggen de wijze waarop een bestuursrechter deze besluiten toetst aan het evenredigheidsbeginsel als neergelegd in artikel 3:4 lid 2 Awb, en de indringendheid van die toetsing. Uit deze uitspraken volgt dat de evenredigheidstoetsing plaatsvindt aan de hand van een ‘glijdende schaal’, waarbij afhankelijk van de omstandigheden van het geval de intensiteit van de toetsing meer of minder groot zal zijn. De door de staatsraden gesuggereerde, standaard toe te passen driestapstoets wordt niet overgenomen, al volgt tegelijk wel uit de uitspraak dat in de praktijk vaak zal worden getoetst of het bestreden besluit noodzakelijk en/of geschikt is. In ieder geval zal worden beoordeeld of het besluit in kwestie evenwichtig is. In deze notenkraker wordt stilgestaan bij de uitspraken en enkele observaties en vragen die daarmee samenhangen. Ook worden enkele recente ontwikkelingen met betrekking tot de evenredigheidstoetsing besproken. Aan de hand daarvan wordt de (voorlopige) balans opgemaakt ten aanzien van de vraag of de uitspraken tot een andere, indringender toetsing van bestuurlijke maatregelen leiden.
A survey exploring the impact of housing and husbandry on pet snake welfare
Authors: Cargill BM , Benato L , Rooney NJ 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSnake ownership is popular; however, housing and care may not always satisfy the animal's welfare needs. For example, snakes are often kept in environmental conditions that restrict their ability to stretch out fully or move around, using rectilinear locomotion. To date, little empirical data exist on the housing and husbandry of captive snakes and how these impact welfare. This study analyses survey responses from 744 snake owners worldwide and explores potential welfare concerns for snakes kept within private homes. It documents the most common housing and husbandry methods and compares the three most common families (Pythonids, Boids and Colubrids). Owner-reported data were used to derive scores for two potential welfare indicators: number of clinical signs of ill health and the number of reported negative (abnormal) behaviours. Using these indicators, associations were tested with snake-keeping variables, such as enclosure size, level of enrichment, temperature and humidity. Owners reported that 90.7% (n = 675) of snakes adopted rectilinear (straight-line or near straight-line) positions or movements. Snakes kept in enclosures > 1 snake length tended to have more enrichment types and were reported with fewer clinical signs of ill health. Some snakes were housed at unknown temperature (7.7%) or humidity (48.1%) ranges or in environmental conditions not in keeping with current recommended guidelines. Corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) were the most likely species to be kept at a humidity which did not match recommendations which may present a welfare concern. This study's results can be used to target husbandry guidance for future recommendations and care manuals.
Evaluation of the effect of tongue ties on stress parameters, behaviour and heart-rate variability in racehorses
Authors: Barton A , Lindenberg I , Einspanier A , Merle R , Gehlen H 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFixation of the tongue to the mandible using so-called tongue ties (TTs) is common practice in Standardbred (SB) and Thoroughbred (TB) racing, but little is known about their impact on animal welfare. In this study, the influence of TTs on heart-rate variability (HRV), stress parameters in plasma (cortisol, glucose, lactate) and behaviour was evaluated in 30 SBs and 29 TBs (n = 59) presenting with exercise insufficiency. Overall, 36/59 horses (24 SBs, 12 TBs) were familiar with TTs. Blood was taken at rest, after TT application and after racing in all horses, additionally samples were taken without TT in SBs another day. HRV was calculated over 3 min before, during and after racing. Additionally, SBs’ behaviour during TT application and racing was documented in real time. TT application did not increase cortisol levels significantly, while highly significant increases in cortisol levels were found after racing. Lactate levels were not influenced by TT application, but also significantly increased after racing. No significant differences were found for glucose. Seventeen out of 30 SBs showed mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 8) and severe (n = 1) reactions during TT application, none during or after race training. At rest, 23/30 SBs had a low/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio < 1.5 (1.05 [± 0.61], n = 30, dominating parasympathetic activity). After TT application, the LF/HF ratio increased to 1.4 (± 0.45) (increased sympathetic activity). In TBs, sympathetic activity dominated at rest. No differences in LF, HF and LF/HF were found after TT application or comparing HRV after racing with/without TT. The stress response (blood parameters and HRV) was not influenced by horses’ naivety to TTs, however an increased stress response was observed in SB mares. Overall, obvious adverse behaviour, but only slight evidence of an increased systemic stress response, was found in this study. These results might provide objective evidence for future decisions from equine sports organisations concerning further regulations on TTs.
Scratch that itch: Farrowing crate scratching enrichment for sows
Authors: Pritchett RK , Gaskill BN , Erasmus MA , Radcliffe JS , Lay DC 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping effective enrichments is important for improving pig (Sus scrofa) welfare as it increases species-specific behaviours, decreases abnormal behaviours, and increases time active. However, few enrichments are available forsowsin farrowing crates. Pigs are often observed to scratch, or rub against objects, however enrichments designed to provide a scratching outlet have never been tested insows. We examined the behaviour and welfare ofsowsin farrowing crates when they were presented with one of two types of scratchpad enrichment. Sows (n = 18) of parities two (P2) and three (P3) were housed for 25 days and assigned no enrichment (Control) or a scratch-pad made of plastic mats (Plastic) or coir fibre mats (Fibre). Parity two Plasticsowsscratched for a longer total duration than P2 and P3 Fibresows, P3 Plasticsows, and P2 Controlsows. Parity two Plasticsowsalso displayed scratching bouts more frequently than all except P3 Controlsows. There were no body lesion differences between treatments. Abnormal behaviour and proportion of time spent in different postures also did not differ between treatments. Plastic scratch-pads may be a suitable enrichment for farrowing crates as they increased the natural behaviour of scratching. More research is needed to refine the scratch-pad design and measure motivation before it can be concluded that scratch-pads are a successful enrichment that should be implemented on-farm.
Efficacy and Reliability of Percutaneous Gigli Saw Osteotomy in Midfoot Surgery: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Kanar Muharrem , Ertogrul Rodi , Oc Yunus , Keskinöz Elif Nedret , Kilinc Bekir Eray 
Published: April 2022

Background: Midfoot osteotomy is often used in the surgical treatment of foot deformities. The percutaneous Gigli saw osteotomy (PGSO) technique has many advantages compared with known osteotomy techniques. We aimed to show the efficacy and reliability of the PGSO technique in the midfoot of fresh frozen cadavers without using an image intensifier.
Methods: Four mini-incisions were performed on the dorsomedial, dorsolateral, plantar medial, and plantar lateral regions of the midfoot. Subperiosteal tunnels were then opened with a thin bone elevator, and the four incisions were combined with each other. The Gigli saw was tied to suture material and passed through the tunnels. The PGSO was performed in the midfoot of 12 feet of the cadaver specimens without using an image intensifier. Cadaver specimens were dissected, and injured structures were noted.
Results: The mean ± SD (range) cadaver age was 81.16 ± 10.38 years (65–93 years) and weight was 60.86 ± 12.39 kg (49.8–81.6 kg). All of the osteotomies were adequate as planned in the cuboid-cuneiform level and all of them were complete osteotomy .Incomplete osteotomy was not observed in any cadaver specimens. In one specimen, a complete injury of the peroneal tendons (peroneus longus and brevis) was detected. In another specimen, an incomplete tibialis anterior tendon injury was detected. There was no iatrogenic neurovascular injury in the specimens.
Conclusions: The PGSO technique is recommended for use even by inexperienced surgeons owing to its minimal risk of soft-tissue injury, provision of a complete osteotomy line, and easy application with limited incisions.
Staged Treatment for Unstable Open Fracture-Dislocation of the Ankle: A Case Report
Authors: Park Jin , Lee Hyo Beom , Kim Gab Lae , Yang Kyu Hyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Unstable fracture-dislocation of the ankle is a common lower extremity injury. Treatment is challenging when the fracture-dislocation is open and cannot be treated with conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Immediate ORIF may not be possible for severe, unstable ankle injuries, such as those with ischemic foot due to a poor blood supply caused by soft tissue injury, or open fracture-dislocation of the ankle with a deltoid ligament rupture. We described a staged treatment for unstable open fracture-dislocation of the ankle with a deltoid ligament rupture. The first stage involves temporary vertical transarticular pinning combined with external fixation. The second stage involves delayed definitive plating with autogenous bone graft for the bone defect of the distal fibula. This staged management is useful in select emergency cases of unstable open fracture-dislocations of the ankle combined with deltoid ligament rupture for which conventional ORIF cannot be performed.
Quantitative analysis of vegetation restoration and potential driving factors in a typical subalpine region of the Eastern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Feng Yu , Wang Juan , Zhou Qin , Bai Maoyang , Peng Peihao , Zhao Dan , Guan Zengyan , Liu Xian’an 
Published: April 2022

Vegetation restoration is an essential approach to re-establish the ecological balance in subalpine areas. Changes in vegetation cover represent, to some extent, vegetation growth trends and are the consequence of a complex of different natural factors and human activities. Microtopography influences vegetation growth by affecting the amount of heat and moisture reaching the ground, a role that is more pronounced in subalpine areas. However, little research is concerned with the characteristics and dynamics of vegetation restoration in different microtopography types. The respective importance of the factors driving vegetation changes in subalpine areas is also not clear yet. We used linear regression and the Hurst exponent to analyze the trends in vegetation restoration and sustainability in different microtopography types since 2000, based on Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and identified potential driving factors of vegetation change and their importance by using Geographical Detector. The results show that: (1) The FVC in the region under study has shown an up-trend since 2000, and the rate of increase is 0.26/year (P = 0.028). It would be going from improvement to degradation, continuous decrease or continuous significant decrease in 47.48% of the region, in the future. (2) The mean FVC is in the following order: lower slope (cool), lower slope, lower slope (warm), valley, upper slope (warm), upper slope, valley (narrow), upper slope (cool), cliff, mountain/divide, peak/ridge (warm), peak/ridge, peak/ridge (cool). The lower slope is the microtopographic type with the best vegetation cover, and ridge peak is the most difficult to be afforested. (3) The main factors affecting vegetation restoration in subalpine areas are aspect, microtopographic type, and soil taxonomy great groups. The interaction between multiple factors has a much stronger effect on vegetation cover than single factors, with the effect of temperatures and aspects having the most significant impact on the vegetation cover changes. Natural factors have a greater impact on vegetation restoration than human factors in the study area. The results of this research can contribute a better understanding of the influence of different drivers on the change of vegetation cover, and provide appropriate references and recommendations for vegetation restoration and sustainable development in typical logging areas in subalpine areas.
Transparent, Self‐Adhesive, Conductive Organohydrogels with Fast Gelation from Lignin‐Based Self‐Catalytic System for Extreme Environment‐Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Sun Dan , Feng Yufan , Sun Shaochao , Yu Jie , Jia Siyu , Dang Chao , Hao Xiang , Yang Jun , Ren Wenfeng , Sun Runcang , Shao Changyou , Peng Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConductive hydrogels have shown great promise in the field of sustainable power sources due to their unique features of sufficient flexibility, durability, and functional diversification. However, time‐ and energy‐consuming polymerization process and poor adaptability in extreme environments severely impede their practical application in such an emerging field. Herein, a facile and universal self‐catalytic system (AL‐Cu2+) based on alkali lignin (AL) macromolecule has been designed to rapidly fabricate conductive and transparent organohydrogels in alkaline water–ethylene glycol (EG) binary solvent, which displays extreme environment applicability (‒40 to 60 °C), eligible stretchability (≈800% elongation), and robust self‐adhesion (≈31.4 kPa). Interestingly, the introduced EG accelerates the polymerization, endows extreme freezing/drying resistance, and improves self‐adhesion for the organohydrogels. The organohydrogel (water/EG = 2/3) that combines the above merits inspires the construction of triboelectric nanogenerator (O‐TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting and converting regardless of low‐ or high‐temperature environments. The generated electricity by the O‐TENG can be used directly or stored to drive commercial electronics and installed on human joints for movement monitoring. This work sheds light on designing environment‐resistant flexible TENGs based on multifunctional soft materials with fast gelation strategy, provoking more attention to sustainable high‐value utilization of lignin for advanced applications.
Exploring Axial Organic Multiblock Heterostructure Nanowires: Advances in Molecular Design, Synthesis, and Functional Applications
Authors: Lv Qiang , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic multiblock heterostructure nanowires (OMHNs), integrating distinct components in the same axial structure, have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties such as intrinsic good light confinement and rectification characteristics. However, rationally incorporating such features into OMHNs with rigorous 1D morphology control remains a key synthetic objective. It is because that the single components possess fundamentally distinctive properties such as size‐dependent electronic, optical, and magnetic features as well as lattice parameters. In the last decade, researchers made their own efforts to this exciting field, especially from the controlled fabrication to the advanced applications of the multiblock nanowires. As a result, various OMHNs have been developed as very promising candidates for high‐performance optoelectronic applications such as light harvesting, logic gate devices, photonic transistors, and photonic anticounterfeiting. Herein, the recent advances of OMHNs from the aspects of molecular design, synthesis, and advanced applications are reviewed, and an outlook is given providing inspiration for the future development of OMHNs toward integrated optoelectronic at nanoscale.
Chiral Asymmetric Polarizations Generated by Bioinspired Helical Carbon Fibers to Induce Broadband Microwave Absorption and Multispectral Photonic Manipulation
Authors: Huang Lingxi , Duan Yuping , Shi Yupeng , Ma Xinran , Pang Huifang , Zeng Qingwen , Che Renchao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChirality, in which electromagnetic characteristic promotes asymmetric polarization, is expected to realize broadband absorption for microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Herein, inspired by the microstructure of nepenthes, a scalable approach is reported for fabricating hierarchical‐chiral helical carbon fibers with broadband microwave absorption as well as multispectral chiral manipulation. The chiral potential barriers are established by applying helically distributed stress to the fiber, which induce helical electric dipoles via positive and negative charges accumulated at the potential barriers. The states of polarization loss by Debye relaxation are 2, 3, and 4 in the samples with achirality, single‐chirality, and dual‐chirality, respectively; the polar vector of achiral electric dipoles is transformed into pseudovectors through chiral potential barriers to improve the synergistically magnetic loss, and the grade of chirality is quantified based on symmetry breaking theory. The single‐chiral fibers reach strongest absorption peak value of −30.67 dB at 2.96 GHz (carbon content is 50 wt%), and the dual‐chiral fibers achieve effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 8.8–18 GHz. In addition to microwaves, the chiral photonic manipulation plays a role in near‐ultraviolet and visible spectra. The present discovery points to a pathway for using chiral model to open up new microwave absorption mechanism and integrated application.
Towards a Greener Future: How do R&D Factor Market Distortions Affect Green Total Factor Energy Efficiency?
Authors: Pang Si Lu , Wang Mei Ling , Hua Gui Hong , Liu Yu Qing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the spatial effect of R&D capital and labor market distortions on the green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) using a dynamic spatial Durbin model in China from 2000 to 2018. The results show that 1) China's GTFEE exhibits path‐dependent and agglomeration characteristics in terms of time and space, respectively. In both spatial and temporal dimensions, an increase in local GTFEE stimulates future local GTFEE and inhibits future GTFEE growth in neighboring areas. 2) R&D capital market distortion has a continuous inhibiting effect on the local GTFEE in the short and long terms. R&D labor market distortion has a continuous stimulating effect on the local GTFEE, and its effect gradually strengthens. 3) R&D capital market distortion may indirectly weaken the GTFEE by inhibiting green innovation and industrial upgrading. R&D labor market distortion may indirectly improve the regional GTFEE by suppressing the energy rebound effect and improving green innovation. Based on these results, a series of policy recommendations are proposed.
State of Charge and State of Health Assessment of Viologens in Aqueous‐Organic Redox‐Flow Electrolytes Using In Situ IR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution
Authors: Nolte Oliver , Geitner Robert , Volodin Ivan A. , Rohland Philip , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAqueous‐organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) have gained considerable interest in recent years, given their potential for an economically viable energy storage at large scale. This, however, strongly depends on both the robustness of the underlying electrolyte chemistry against molecular decomposition reactions as well as the device's operation. With regard to this, the presented study focuses on the use of in situ IR spectroscopy in combination with a multivariate curve resolution approach to gain insight into both the molecular structures of the active materials present within the electrolyte as well as crucial electrolyte state parameters, represented by the electrolyte's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). To demonstrate the general applicability of the approach, methyl viologen (MV) and bis(3‐trimethylammonium)propyl viologen (BTMAPV) are chosen, as viologens are frequently used as negolytes in aqueous‐organic RFBs. The study's findings highlight the impact of in situ spectroscopy and spectral deconvolution tools on the precision of the obtainable SOC and SOH values. Furthermore, the study indicates the occurrence of multiple viologen dimers, which possibly influence the electrolyte lifetime and charging characteristics.
Mechanical Switching of Ferroelectric Domains in 33‐200 nm‐Thick Sol‐Gel‐Grown PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Films Assisted by Nanocavities
Authors: Gonzalez Casal Sergio , Bai Xiaofei , Alhada‐Lahbabi Kevin , Canut Bruno , Vilquin Bertrand , Rojo Romeo Pedro , Brottet Solène , Albertini David , Deleruyelle Damien , Bugnet Matthieu , Canero Infante Ingrid , Gautier Brice 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mechanical switching of ferroelectric domains is achieved in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films obtained by the sol‐gel method for thicknesses up to 200 nm. The dielectric polarization can be switched when a force higher than a given threshold value in the order of some μNewtons is applied with the tip of an atomic force microscope. This threshold is determined as a function of the thickness of the films, and local hysteresis loops are recorded under mechanical stress. The possibility of switching the polarization in such unusually thick films is related to the existence in their volume of physical nanoscale defects, which might play the role of pinning centers for the domains.