bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly of gemini amphiphiles with symmetric tails in selective solvent
Authors: Chen Hongrui , Chen Jianfa , Wan Daihong , Zhang Huikun , Mao Chengli , Wang Rong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGemini amphiphile is a special type of block copolymers formed by connecting two traditional diblock molecules at hydrophilic head groups through spacers. The special structure makes gemini amphiphiles potentially promising for drug delivery and gene delivery. The self‐assembly behavior of gemini amphiphiles with tails of equal length in selective solvent was investigated using the dissipative particle dynamics method. The effects of the size of the hydrophilic head group, interaction parameters, concentration and hydrophobic tail chain length on the self‐assembled morphology of gemini amphiphiles were examined. By varying these parameters, worm‐like micelles, large compound micelles, vesicles, hierarchical rod‐like micelles, cylindrical bundles, pomegranate‐like micelles and bilayers were obtained. Compared with conventional diblock copolymers, the dominant feature of gemini amphiphiles is the presence of the spacer. By analyzing the distance between two head groups, we explored in depth the influence of spacer length on the self‐assembly of gemini amphiphile molecules. Through simulation probes, we hope to improve the understanding of ordered aggregates of gemini amphiphiles in selective solvent, to reveal theoretically the pattern variation of aggregation morphology and to provide guidance for their practical application. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A favorable path to domain separation in the orange carotenoid protein
Authors: Sharawy Mahmoud , Pigni Natalia B. , May Eric R. , Gascón José A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is responsible for nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in cyanobacteria, a defense mechanism against potentially damaging effects of excess light conditions. This soluble two‐domain protein undergoes profound conformational changes upon photoactivation, involving translocation of the ketocarotenoid inside the cavity followed by domain separation. Domain separation is a critical step in the photocycle of OCP because it exposes the N‐terminal domain (NTD) to perform quenching of the phycobilisomes. Many details regarding the mechanism and energetics of OCP domain separation remain unknown. In this work, we apply metadynamics to elucidate the protein rearrangements that lead to the active, domain‐separated, form of OCP. We find that translocation of the ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin has a profound effect on the energetic landscape and that domain separation only becomes favorable following translocation. We further explore, characterize, and validate the free energy surface (FES) using equilibrium simulations initiated from different states on the FES. Through pathway optimization methods, we characterize the most probable path to domain separation and reveal the barriers along that pathway. We find that the free energy barriers are relatively small (<5 kcal/mol), but the overall estimated kinetic rate is consistent with experimental measurements (>1 ms). Overall, our results provide detailed information on the requirement for canthaxanthin translocation to precede domain separation and an energetically feasible pathway to dissociation.
Remarks on the Effects of Quantum Corrections on Moduli Stabilization and de Sitter Vacua in Type IIB String Theory
Authors: Basiouris Vasileios , Leontaris George K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role of string loop corrections on the existence of de Sitter vacua and the moduli stabilization problem is examined in type IIB effective theories. The fundamental building blocks are a minimum of three intersecting D7 brane stacks, three Kähler moduli, and a novel Einstein‐Hilbert term associated with higher derivative terms of the 10‐dimensional effective action. It was shown in previous works that loop corrections appear which induce novel logarithmic volume‐dependent terms in the effective potential. When D‐term contributions are considered, all Kähler moduli are stabilized and de Sitter vacua are achieved. In the present work, a comprehensive study of multiple non‐perturbative terms in the superpotential is undertaken. The combined effects of the logarithmic loop corrections and two non‐perturbative superpotential Kaehler moduli dependent terms have been investigated. It is shown that a variety of fluxes exist for large as well as moderate volume compactifications which define a de Sitter space and stabilize the moduli fields. For large volumes, a generic simple form of the potential is achieved. The so obtained effective potential appears to be promising for cosmological applications.
Maternal echocardiographic changes in twin pregnancies with and without pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Giorgione V. , Melchiorre K. , O'Driscoll J. , Khalil A. , Sharma R. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTwin pregnancies are at increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared with singleton pregnancies, resulting in a substantially higher rate of maternal and perinatal complications. The strain caused by twin pregnancy on the maternal cardiovascular system has not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in maternal cardiac morphology and diastolic function in a cohort of women with normotensive and those with hypertensive twin pregnancies.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted at a tertiary referral university center. Women with singleton or twin pregnancy were enrolled prospectively to undergo maternal transthoracic echocardiography throughout pregnancy. Multiples of the median (MoM) were calculated for each index using a reference group of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies (n = 411) in order to adjust for changes associated with gestational age. Cardiac findings were indexed for body surface area and compared among normotensive twin pregnancies, singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP and twin pregnancies complicated by HDP.ResultsThe total cohort included 119 HDP singleton pregnancies, 52 normotensive twin pregnancies and 24 HDP twin pregnancies. Left ventricular mass index (LVMi) MoM (median (interquartile range)) did not differ between singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP and normotensive twin pregnancies, but was significantly higher in HDP twin compared with HDP singleton pregnancies (1.31 (1.08–1.53) vs 1.17 (0.98–1.35), P = 0.032). Two diastolic indices, left atrial volume index MoM (1.12 (0.66–1.38) vs 0.65 (0.55–0.84), P = 0.003) and E/e′ MoM (1.29 (1.09–1.54) vs 0.99 (0.99–1.02), P = 0.036), were significantly higher in HDP twin compared with normotensive twin pregnancies. In normotensive twin compared with HDP singleton pregnancies, stroke volume index (SVi) MoM was higher (1.20 (1.03–1.36) vs 1.00 (0.81–1.15), P = 0.004) and total vascular resistance index (TVRi) was lower (0.73 (0.70–0.86) vs 1.29 (1.04–1.56), P < 0.0001). In contrast, SVi MoM was lower (1.10 (1.02–1.35) vs 1.20 (1.03–1.36), P = 0.018) and TVRi was higher (1.00 (0.88–1.31) vs 0.73 (0.70–0.86), P = 0.029) in HDP twin compared with normotensive twin pregnancies.ConclusionThe maternal cardiovascular system is altered severely in twin pregnancy with or without HDP. Despite the low total vascular resistance, cardiac changes in normotensive twin pregnancies are comparable to those seen in singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP, reflecting the high cardiovascular demand imposed by twin pregnancy. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Plasmolipin regulates basolateral-to-apical transcytosis of ICAM-1 and leukocyte adhesion in polarized hepatic epithelial cells
Authors: Cacho-Navas Cristina , Reglero-Real Natalia , Colás-Algora Natalia , Barroso Susana , de Rivas Gema , Stamatakis Kostantinos , Feito Jorge , Andrés Germán , Fresno Manuel , Kremer Leonor , Correas Isabel , Alonso Miguel A. , Millán Jaime 
Published: January 2022

AbstractApical localization of Intercellular Adhesion Receptor (ICAM)-1 regulates the adhesion and guidance of leukocytes across polarized epithelial barriers. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms that determine ICAM-1 localization into apical membrane domains of polarized hepatic epithelial cells, and their effect on lymphocyte-hepatic epithelial cell interaction. We had previously shown that segregation of ICAM-1 into apical membrane domains, which form bile canaliculi and bile ducts in hepatic epithelial cells, requires basolateral-to-apical transcytosis. Searching for protein machinery potentially involved in ICAM-1 polarization we found that the SNARE-associated protein plasmolipin (PLLP) is expressed in the subapical compartment of hepatic epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. BioID analysis of ICAM-1 revealed proximal interaction between this adhesion receptor and PLLP. ICAM-1 colocalized and interacted with PLLP during the transcytosis of the receptor.PLLPgene editing and silencing increased the basolateral localization and reduced the apical confinement of ICAM-1 without affecting apicobasal polarity of hepatic epithelial cells, indicating that ICAM-1 transcytosis is specifically impaired in the absence of PLLP. Importantly, PLLP depletion was sufficient to increase T-cell adhesion to hepatic epithelial cells. Such an increase depended on the epithelial cell polarity and ICAM-1 expression, showing that the epithelial transcytotic machinery regulates the adhesion of lymphocytes to polarized epithelial cells. Our findings strongly suggest that the polarized intracellular transport of adhesion receptors constitutes a new regulatory layer of the epithelial inflammatory response.
Jumping into the artistic deep end: building the catalogue raisonné
Authors: Dobbs Todd , Benedict Aileen , Ras Zbigniew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe catalogue raisonné compiled by art scholars holds information about an artist’s work such as a painting’s image, medium, provenance, and title. The catalogue raisonné as a tangible asset suffers from the challenges of art authentication and impermanence. As the catalogue raisonné is born digital, the impermanence challenge abates, but the authentication challenge persists. With the popularity of artificial intelligence and its deep learning architectures of computer vision, we propose to address the authentication challenge by creating a new artefact for the digital catalogue raisonné: a digital classification model. This digital classification model will help art scholars with new artwork claims via a tool that authenticates a proposed artwork with an artist. We create this tool by training a machine learning model with 90 artists having at least 150 artworks and achieve an accuracy of 87.31%. We use the ResNet Convolutional Neural Network to improve accuracy and number of artist classes over state-of-the-art artist classification experiments using the WikiArt database. We address inconsistencies in the way scholars approach artist classification by providing a consistent method to recreate our dataset and providing a consistent method to calculate performance metrics based on imbalanced data.
Eulerian time-stepping schemes for the non-stationary Stokes equations on time-dependent domains
Authors: Burman Erik , Frei Stefan , Massing Andre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the discretisation of the Stokes equations on time-dependent domains in an Eulerian coordinate framework. Our work can be seen as an extension of a recent paper by Lehrenfeld and Olshanskii (ESAIM: M2AN 53(2):585–614, 2019), where BDF-type time-stepping schemes are studied for a parabolic equation on moving domains. For space discretisation, a geometrically unfitted finite element discretisation is applied in combination with Nitsche’s method to impose boundary conditions. Physically undefined values of the solution at previous time-steps are extended implicitly by means of so-called ghost penalty stabilisations. We derive a complete a priori error analysis of the discretisation error in space and time, including optimal $$L^2(L^2)$$

L
2

(

L
2

)

-norm error bounds for the velocities. Finally, the theoretical results are substantiated with numerical examples.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression is induced by IL-2 via the PI3K/mTOR pathway in hypoxic NK cells and supports effector functions in NKL cells and ex vivo expanded NK cells
Authors: Cluff Emily , Magdaleno Carina C. , Fernandez Emyly , House Trenton , Swaminathan Srividya , Varadaraj Archana , Rajasekaran Narendiran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors.
Survival Prediction Capabilities of Preoperative Inflammatory and Nutritional Status in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Sugawara Kotaro , Yagi Koichi , Okumura Yasuhiro , Aikou Susumu , Yamashita Hiroharu , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have revealed the impacts of various inflammatory and nutritional markers in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We evaluated the prognostic values of multiple inflammation‐ or nutrition‐based markers, either alone or in combination with pStage, in ESCC patients.MethodsIn total, 360 patients undergoing upfront surgery for ESCC were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic capabilities of 7 inflammatory and 3 nutritional parameters were investigated. Furthermore, we devised new staging systems by adding these markers to pStage and examined the prognostic abilities of our new approach. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves and the areas under the curve (AUCs) were estimated to compare prognostic capabilities among the parameters.ResultsThe AUCs for predicting overall survival (OS) of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), CRP to albumin ration (CAR), lymphocyte to CRP ratio (LCR) and the Naples prognostic score (NPS) were similar to that of pStage. Notably, CAR and LCR showed high predictive capabilities for OS (AUCs; 0.627 and 0.634 for 3‐year OS, respectively). New staging systems combining inflammatory or nutritional markers with pStage provided higher AUCs for predicting OS than pStage alone. In particular, NPpStage (NPS and pStage) (P = 0.03), PNpStage (PNI and pStage) (P = 0.03) and LCpStage (LCR and pStage) (P = 0.05) showed significantly higher accuracy for predicting OS than pStage alone.ConclusionsVarious inflammatory or nutritional markers, especially those derived from CRP, are useful for predicting survival outcomes of ESCC patients. The predictive capabilities of these indices were augmented when used in combination with pStage.
Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors
Authors: Pigsborg Kristina , Gürdeniz Gözde , Rangel-Huerta Oscar Daniel , Holven Kirsten B. , Dragsted Lars Ove , Ulven Stine M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the metabolites differentiating diets where six energy percentage SFA is replaced with PUFA and to elucidate the association of dietary metabolites with cardiometabolic risk markers.

Methods
In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, 99 moderately hyper-cholesterolemic adults (25–70 years) were assigned to a control diet (C-diet) or an experimental diet (Ex-diet). Both groups received commercially available food items with different fatty acid compositions. In the Ex-diet group, products were given where SFA was replaced mostly with n-6 PUFA. Fasting serum samples were analysed by untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Pre-processed data were analysed by double cross-validated Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to detect features differentiating the two diet groups.

Results
PLS-DA differentiated the metabolic profiles of the Ex-diet and the C-diet groups with an area under the curve of 0.83. The Ex-diet group showed higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens, an unsaturated acylcarnitine, and a secondary bile acid. The C-diet group was characterized by odd-numbered phospholipids and a saturated acylcarnitine. The Principal Component analysis scores of the serum metabolic profiles characterizing the diets were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels but not with glycaemia.

Conclusion
The serum metabolic profiles confirmed the compliance of the participants based on their diet-specific metabolome after replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA. The participants' metabolic profiles in response to the change in diet were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 01679496 on September 6th 2012.
Variable seed bed microsite conditions and light influence germination in Australian winter annuals
Authors: Towers Isaac R. , Merritt David J. , Erickson Todd E. , Mayfield Margaret M. , Dwyer John M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnvironmentally cued germination may play an important role in promoting coexistence in Mediterranean annual plant systems if it causes niche differentiation across heterogeneous microsite conditions. In this study, we tested how microsite conditions experienced by seeds in the field and light conditions in the laboratory influenced germination in 12 common annual plant species occurring in the understorey of the York gum-jam woodlands in southwest Western Australia. Specifically, we hypothesized that if germination promotes spatial niche differentiation, then we should observe species-specific germination responses to light. In addition, we hypothesized that species’ laboratory germination response may depend on the microsite conditions experienced by seeds while buried. We tested the laboratory germination response of seeds under diurnally fluctuating light and complete darkness, which were collected from microsites spanning local-scale environmental gradients known to influence community structure in this system. We found that seeds of 6 out of the 12 focal species exhibited significant positive germination responses to light, but that the magnitude of these responses varied greatly with the relative light requirement for germination ranging from 0.51 to 0.86 for these species. In addition, germination increased significantly across a gradient of canopy cover for two species, but we found little evidence to suggest that species’ relative light requirement for germination varied depending on seed bank microsite conditions. Our results suggest that variability in light availability may promote coexistence in this system and that the microsite conditions seeds experience in the intra-growing season period can further nuance species germination behaviour.
The lexicon for periprosthetic bone loss versus osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Wahbeh Jenna M. , Park Sang-Hyun , Campbell Patricia , Ebramzadeh Edward , Sangiorgio Sophia N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Periprosthetic bone loss is a common observation following arthroplasty. Recognizing and understanding the nature of bone loss is vital as it determines the subsequent performance of the device and the overall outcome. Despite its significance, the term “bone loss” is often misused to describe inflammatory osteolysis, a complication with vastly different clinical outcomes and treatment plans. Therefore, the goal of this review was to report major findings related to vertebral radiographic bone changes around cervical disc replacements, mitigate discrepancies in clinical reports by introducing uniform terminology to the field, and establish a precedence that can be used to identify the important nuances between these distinct complications.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, using the keywords “cervical,” “disc replacement,” “osteolysis,” “bone loss,” “radiograph,” and “complications.” A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria with the majority being retrospective or case reports.

Results
Fourteen studies reported periprosthetic osteolysis in a total of 46 patients with onset ranging from 15–96 months after the index procedure. Reported causes included: metal hypersensitivity, infection, mechanical failure, and wear debris. Osteolysis was generally progressive and led to reoperation. Nine articles reported non-inflammatory bone loss in 527 patients (52.5%), typically within 3–6 months following implantation. The reported causes included: micromotion, stress shielding, and interrupted blood supply. With one exception, bone loss was reported to be non-progressive and had no effect on clinical outcome measures.

Conclusions
Non-progressive, early onset bone loss is a common finding after CDA and typically does not affect the reported short-term pain scores or lead to early revision. By contrast, osteolysis was less common, presenting more than a year post-operative and often accompanied by additional complications, leading to revision surgery. A greater understanding of the clinical significance is limited by the lack of long-term studies, inconsistent terminology, and infrequent use of histology and explant analyses. Uniform reporting and adoption of consistent terminology can mitigate some of these limitations. Executing these actionable items is critical to assess device performance and the risk of revision.

Level of Evidence IV
Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.