bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ru‐Doping‐Induced Spin Frustration and Enhancement of the Room‐Temperature Anomalous Hall Effect in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 Films
Authors: Hua Enda , Si Liang , Dai Kunjie , Wang Qing , Ye Huan , Liu Kuan , Zhang Jinfeng , Lu Jingdi , Chen Kai , Jin Feng , Wang Lingfei , Wu Wenbin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn transition‐metal‐oxide heterostructures, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a powerful tool for detecting the magnetic state and revealing intriguing interfacial magnetic orderings. However, achieving a larger AHE at room temperature in oxide heterostructures is still challenging due to the dilemma of mutually strong spin–orbit coupling and magnetic exchange interactions. Here, Ru‐doping‐enhanced AHE in La2/3Sr1/3Mn1−xRuxO3 epitaxial films is exploited. As the B‐site Ru doping level increases up to 20%, the anomalous Hall resistivity at room temperature can be enhanced from nΩ cm to µΩ cm scale. Ru doping leads to strong competition between the ferromagnetic double‐exchange interaction and the antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction. The resultant spin frustration and spin‐glass state facilitate a strong skew‐scattering process, thus significantly enhancing the extrinsic AHE. The findings can pave a feasible approach for boosting the controllability and reliability of oxide‐based spintronic devices.
Sustainable Fiber‐Reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: Maiti Saptarshi , Islam Md Rashedul , Uddin Mohammad Abbas , Afroj Shaila , Eichhorn Stephen J. , Karim Nazmul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites from renewable and biodegradable fibrous materials and polymer matrices are of great interest, as they can potentially reduce environmental impacts. However, the overall properties of such composites are still far from the high‐performance conventional glass or carbon FRP composites. Therefore, a balance between composite performance and biodegradability is required with approaches to what one might call an eco‐friendly composite. This review provides an overview of sustainable FRP composites, their manufacturing techniques, and sustainability in general at materials, manufacturing, and end‐of‐life levels. Sustainable plant‐based natural fibers and polymer matrices are also summarized, followed by an overview of their modification techniques to obtain high‐performance, multifunctional, and sustainable FRP composites. Current state‐of‐the‐art mechanical and functional properties of such composites are then surveyed, and an overview of their potential applications in various industries, including automobile, aerospace, construction, medical, sports, and electronics is provided. Finally, future market trends, current challenges, and the future perspective on sustainable natural FRP composites are discussed.
Emerging Implications of Phase Separation in Cancer
Authors: Ren Jiang , Zhang Zhenyu , Zong Zhi , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, biological activities are executed in distinct cellular compartments or organelles. Canonical organelles with membrane‐bound structures are well understood. Cells also inherently contain versatile membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) that feature liquid or gel‐like bodies. A biophysical process termed liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) elucidates how MLOs form through dynamic biomolecule assembly. LLPS‐related molecules often have multivalency, which is essential for low‐affinity inter‐ or intra‐molecule interactions to trigger phase separation. Accumulating evidence shows that LLPS concentrates and organizes desired molecules or segregates unneeded molecules in cells. Thus, MLOs have tunable functional specificity in response to environmental stimuli and metabolic processes. Aberrant LLPS is widely associated with several hallmarks of cancer, including sustained proliferative signaling, growth suppressor evasion, cell death resistance, telomere maintenance, DNA damage repair, etc. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of LLPS provide new insights into cancer therapeutics. Here, the current understanding of the emerging concepts of LLPS and its involvement in cancer are comprehensively reviewed.
Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications
Authors: Saifullah Yasir , He Yejun , Boag Amir , Yang Guo‐Min , Xu Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space–time modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a promising technology for sixth‐generation communication networks, are explored. Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR‐RISs) that can achieve full‐space EM wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.
GABRG1 variant as a potential novel cause of epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, and global developmental delay
Authors: Williams Aaron , Cooney Erin , Segal Gabrielle , Narayanan Swetha , Morand Megan , Agadi Satish 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpileptic encephalopathies (EEs) are severe brain disorders with excessive ictal (seizure) and interictal (electrographic epileptiform discharges) activity in developing brain which may result in progressive cognitive and neuropsychological deterioration. In contrast to regular epilepsy where the treatment goal is to prevent the seizure (ictal) recurrence, in patients with EE the goal is to treat both ictal as well as interictal activity to prevent further progression. With the introduction of genetic sequencing technologies over the past 20 years, there is growing recognition of the genetic basis of EE, with the majority due to monogenic causes. Monogenic etiologies of EE include pathogenic variants in the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA‐A) encoding gene family. We present a 2‐year‐old patient with EE, hypotonia, and global developmental delays. Clinical trio exome sequencing showed a novel, de novo variant in GABRG1. GABRG1 encodes the γ1 subunit of the GABA‐A receptor. To date, there has not been an association of EE with pathogenic variants in GABRG1. This variant is predicted to be damaging to protein structure and function, and the patient's phenotype is similar to those with pathogenic variants in other members of the GABA‐A receptor encoding gene family.
Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Reducing Sensory Neuron Hyperexcitability and Pain Behaviors in Murine Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ai Minji , Hotham William E. , Pattison Luke A. , Ma Qingxi , Henson Frances M.D. , Smith Ewan St. John 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) have been reported to alleviate pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine whether MSCs and/or MSC‐EVs reduce OA pain through influencing sensory neuron excitability in OA joints.MethodsWe induced knee OA in adult male C57BL/6J mice through destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Mice were sorted into 4 experimental groups with 9 mice per group as follows: unoperated sham, untreated DMM, DMM plus MSC treatment, and DMM plus MSC‐EV treatment. Treated mice received either MSCs at week 14 postsurgery or MSC‐EVs at weeks 12 and 14 postsurgery. Mouse behavior was evaluated by digging and rotarod tests and the Digital Ventilated Cage system. At week 16, mouse knee joints were harvested for histology, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were isolated for electrophysiology. Furthermore, we induced hyperexcitability in DRG neurons in vitro using nerve growth factor (NGF) then treated these neurons with or without MSC‐EVs and evaluated neuron excitability.ResultsMSC‐ and MSC‐EV–treated DMM‐operated mice did not display pain‐related behavior changes (in locomotion, digging, and sleep) that occurred in untreated DMM‐operated mice. The absence of pain‐related behaviors in MSC‐ and MSC‐EV–treated mice was not the result of reduced joint damage but rather a lack of knee‐innervating sensory neuron hyperexcitability that was observed in untreated DMM‐operated mice. Furthermore, we found that NGF‐induced sensory neuron hyperexcitability is prevented by MSC‐EV treatment (P < 0.05 versus untreated NGF‐sensitized neurons when comparing action potential threshold).ConclusionMSCs and MSC‐EVs may reduce pain in OA by direct action on peripheral sensory neurons.
Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiography for the Diagnosis of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition: Performance of the Novel Definitions Developed by an International Multidisciplinary Working Group
Authors: Sirotti Silvia , Becce Fabio , Sconfienza Luca M. , Terslev Lene , Naredo Esperanza , Zufferey Pascal , Pineda Carlos , Gutierrez Marwin , Adinolfi Antonella , Serban Teodora , MacCarter Daryl , Mouterde Gael , Zanetti Anna , Scanu Anna , Möller Ingrid , Novo‐Rivas Ulrike , Largo Raquel , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Abhishek Abhishek , Choi Hyon K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Pascart Tristan , Tedeschi Sara K. , D'Agostino Maria‐Antonietta , Iagnocco Annamaria , Keen Helen I. , Scirè Carlo A. , Filippou Georgios 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of new radiographic imaging definitions developed by an international multidisciplinary working group for identification of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD).MethodsPatients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for knee replacement were enrolled. Two radiologists and 2 rheumatologists twice assessed radiographic images for presence or absence of CPPD in menisci, hyaline cartilage, tendons, joint capsule, or synovial membrane, using the new definitions. In case of disagreement, a consensus decision was made and considered for the assessment of diagnostic performance. Histologic examination of postsurgical specimens under compensated polarized light microscopy was the reference standard. Prevalence‐adjusted bias‐adjusted kappa values were used to assess reliability, and diagnostic performance statistics were calculated.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were enrolled for the reliability study. The interobserver reliability was substantial in most of the assessed structures when considering all 4 readers (κ range 0.59–0.90), substantial to almost perfect among radiologists (κ range 0.70–0.91), and moderate to almost perfect among rheumatologists (κ range 0.46–0.88). The intraobserver reliability was substantial to almost perfect for all the observers (κ range 0.70–1). Fifty‐one patients were included in the accuracy study. Radiography demonstrated an overall specificity of 92% for CPPD, but sensitivity remained low for all sites and for the overall diagnosis (54%).ConclusionThe new radiographic definitions of CPPD are highly specific against the gold standard of histologic diagnosis. When the described radiographic findings are present, these definitions allow for a definitive diagnosis of CPPD, rather than other calcium‐containing crystal depositions; however, a negative radiographic finding does not exclude the diagnosis.
Microwave‐assisted biodiesel conversion of palm fatty acid distillate with performance tests in a single‐cylinder diesel engine
Authors: Promnonsri Enarm , Pianroj Yutthapong , Punvichai Teerasak , Karrila Seppo , Leevijit Theerayut , Sungsoontorn Sopida , Jumrat Saysunee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA batch microwave‐assisted biodiesel (MWBD) conversion system was scaled up to using two magnetrons, giving a total of 2000 W microwave (MW) power, with the magnetrons placed asymmetrically on opposite sides of the MW cavity. This system was used to produce methyl ester from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). The response surface method with a Box–Behnken experimental design was applied to find the optimal point giving the maximum percentage free fatty acid (FFA) conversion at the minimum cost (USD). At this point the molar ratio PFAD:MeOH was 1:9; the temperature was 80 °C; and time was 20 min. Regression models predicted the %FFA conversion and the cost (USD) with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9519 and 0.8654, respectively. Simulations were conducted with the finite element method, and the temperature profiles from the simulations fitted the experimental data well. Finally, the fuel properties of the MWBD were analyzed and compared with Thai agricultural engine diesel and high‐speed diesel standards, and the standards were met. The MWBD, the liquid fuel blend (LFB with MWBD:CHSD 50:50 by volume), and a commercial high‐speed diesel (CHSD) were tested in a diesel engine over the 1.28–5.09 kW power range at a fixed 2200 rpm speed. All the fuels performed similarly and without any problems in the test runs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lenalidomide‐induced autoimmune enteropathy complicating treatment of multiple myeloma with concurrent systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Lakritz Stephanie , Forsberg Peter A. , Sherbenou Daniel W. , Mark Tomer M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLenalidomide is an IMiD drug which has been associated with a variety of potential immune related complications. We describe the case of a patient with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma along with a history of systemic mastocytosis who developed evidence of an autoimmune enteropathy shortly after initiating lenalidomide based therapy.
The need to perform α‐thalassemia genetic testing in Italian patients with β‐thalassemia trait: A case report
Authors: Santoro Graziano , Cro Fabiana , Poma Federica , Kullmann Cristina , Lapucci Cristina , Ferrari Maurizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere, we describe a case report of a Sardinian woman diagnosed as pure beta‐thalassemia carrier for her anemia who underwent to alpha‐thalassemia genetic testing that revealed she was heterozygous for both thalssemias. This allowed to reach a conclusive diagnosis useful for family counseling and for assess the reproductive risk.
Sialic Acid 4‐N‐Piperazine and Piperidine Derivatives Bind with High Affinity to the P. mirabilis Sialic Acid Sodium Solute Symporter
Authors: Bozzola Tiago , Johnsson Richard E. , Nilsson Ulf J. , Ellervik Ulf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn search for novel antibacterial compounds, bacterial sialic acid uptake inhibition represents a promising strategy. Sialic acid plays a critical role for growth and colonisation of several pathogenic bacteria, and its uptake inhibition in bacteria was recently demonstrated to be a viable strategy by targeting the SiaT sodium solute symporters from Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Here we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of potential sialic acid uptake inhibitors bearing 4‐N‐piperidine and piperazine moieties. The 4‐N‐derivatives were obtained via 4‐N‐functionalization with piperidine and piperazine nucleophiles in an efficient direct substitution of the 4‐O‐acetate of Neu5Ac. Evaluation for binding to bacterial transport proteins with nanoDSF and ITC revealed compounds possessing nanomolar affinity for the P. mirabilis SiaT symporter. Computational analyses indicate the engagement of a previously untargeted portion of the binding site.
Thalamocortical and corticothalamic connections of multiple functional domains in posterior parietal cortex of galagos
Authors: Wang Qimeng , Stepniewska Iwona , Liao Chia‐Chi , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn prosimian galagos, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is subdivided into a number of functional domains where long‐train intracortical microstimulation evoked different types of complex movements. Here, we placed anatomical tracers in multiple locations of PPC to reveal the origins and targets of thalamic connections of four PPC domains for different types of hindlimb, forelimb, or face movements. Thalamic connections of all four domains included nuclei of the motor thalamus, ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei, as well as parts of the sensory thalamus, the anterior pulvinar, posterior and ventral posterior superior nuclei, consistent with the sensorimotor functions of PPC domains. PPC domains also projected to the thalamic reticular nucleus in a somatotopic pattern. Quantitative differences in the distributions of labeled neurons in thalamic nuclei suggested that connectional patterns of these domains differed from each other.
The Contributions of Supramolecular Kinetics to Dynamics of Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Chen Hao , Tong Kun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSupramolecular polymers exhibit well‐controlled dynamics with fascinating capacity for remodeling, self‐healing, and stimuli‐responsiveness. Supramolecular kinetics of non‐covalent bonds is a dominant control handle among the relevant factors to tailor dynamics of supramolecular polymers. This Review focuses on elucidating how supramolecular kinetics dictates the polymer dynamics in supramolecular polymer systems. The ways to tailor supramolecular kinetics are firstly examined as prerequisites for structure‐activity study of supramolecular polymers. We next discuss the role of supramolecular kinetics in supramolecular polymers under different polymer architectures by the combination of both of theoretical and experimental studies. Finally, we conclude by discussing the existing challenges and opportunities in the current studies.
The High Impact of Solution Flow Rate on Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Layers for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Doubi Youssef , Hartiti Bouchaib , Siadat Maryam , Labrim Hicham , Fadili Salah , Tahri Mounia , Thevenin Philippe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe semiconductor's realization is a very significant stage of optoelectronics devices. In this work, an elaboration of the TiO2 semiconductor is made with various solution flow rates via spray pyrolysis. The structural and optical properties of pure TiO2 are investigated with several characterization techniques which include: X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The XRD of elaborated TiO2 layers exhibits nanocrystalline nature with a preferential orientation at the (101), a unique phase of anatase TiO2. The apparition of vibration modes in Raman spectra confirms the TiO2 formation with a single phase. The produced TiO2 has an optical transmission varying from 90% to 70% in the visible wavelength. The energy band gaps are 3.42, 3.32, and 3.28 eV for the TiO2 elaborated at 1, 1.5, and 2 mL min−1, respectively which prove the semiconducting properties of TiO2. All other optical parameters such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and dielectric constant (εr, εi) vary with the variation of solution flow rate. These investigations discover that the properties of TiO2 layers can be adjusted by solution flow rate. It seems that the process of spray pyrolysis provides a facile way to control the quality of TiO2 thin layers.
Effect of adipose‐derived exosome and exosomal miRNA on glycolipid metabolism
Authors: Xie Dadi , Li Jing , Jiang Pei , Xue Xianzhong , Wu Linlin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlucose and lipids are important nutrients because they provide enough energy for cell activity. However, the human body takes in too much glucose and lipids, will cause obesity, diabetes and some other metabolism diseases. Adipose tissue exerts crucial roles in regulating whole‐body energy metabolic through its storage and secretion function. Exosomes are a family of extracellular vesicles released by all cell types that aid in cell‐to‐cell signal transmission, resulting in alteration of target cell phenotype and activity, particularly, under pathological conditions. Exosomes deliver information between cells by carrying certain cargos, such as, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), lipids and protein. In particular, the adipose tissue‐derived miRNAs play an essential role in glycolipid metabolism. MiRNAs are intricately related to obesity, diabetes and other obesity‐related metabolic diseases. Different miRNAs exhibit differential expression across disease states, and particular exosomal miRNAs can act as informative biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Hence, here, we present an updated extensive review of the significance of adipose‐derived exosome and exosomal miRNA in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
Micro injection of botulinum and its effects on the skin
Authors: Gonzalez Lopez Adrianna , Kalen Jessica , Nussbaum Dillon , Sherber Noëlle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMicrobotox generally refers to the injection of small aliquots of dilute botulinumtoxinA into the dermis or the junction of the dermis and underlying musculature. This novel procedure has been popularized as a treatment to improve skin quality.ObjectivesThe purpose of this literature review is to further the understanding of techniques and to evaluate the published outcomes in microbotox treatment.MethodsWe conducted a keyword search in Pubmed, Google Scholar, and the university library database, yielding 363 publications. We extensively reviewed those articles which met eligibility criteria to include evaluate microbotox and its effects on skin quality.ResultsWhile treatment parameters vary across the peer‐reviewed literature, microbotox appears to be a safe and effective treatment for improving skin quality. Benefits cited range from improving skin texture, achieving facial lifting, softening rhytids, reducing oiliness and pore size, increasing hydration, and ameliorating erythema and flushing.ConclusionMicrobotox has the unique potential benefit of improving all three key determinants of skin quality: visual, mechanical, and topographical. Further research would validate and quantify its beneficial effects in the skin.
Why policy coherence in the European Union matters for global sustainability
Authors: Ahlström Hanna , Sjåfjell Beate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe global economy is producing unequal economic exchanges between countries, including illegitimate transfer of wealth from low‐income countries, which ultimately undermine efforts towards securing robust social welfare systems. This puts policies on trade and finance, corporate governance and circular economy at the centre of the global development puzzle. Policy coherence for development must be understood in the context of the tension between the overarching societal goal of achieving sustainability and the functioning of the global economy. In this article, we focus on the political and legal challenges this puzzle presents, using the case of European Union policies on business, finance and circular economy, which have global impacts. We see these as core areas of law and policy where advances are made but which need to be better positioned within an overarching aim of sustainability.