bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northward migration of the East Asian summer monsoon northern boundary during the twenty-first century
Authors: Wang Zhenqian , Fu Zhenhao , Liu Bo , Zheng Zeyu , Zhang Weichen , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Fen , Zhang Qiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe northern fringe area of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) between arid and semiarid regions is a fragile eco-environment zone and ecological transition zone, and it is highly sensitive to climate change. Predicting the future migration of the northern boundary of the EASM is important for understanding future East Asian climate change and formulating of decisions on ecological protection and economic development in arid and semiarid regions. The reanalysis dataset and simulations of 23 models from the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were used to investigate the response of the boundary of the ESAM to the global warming. The multi-model ensemble showed a northwestward migration of the EASM northern boundary during the near-term (2020–2060) and late-term (2061–2099) of the twenty-first century under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The northern boundary migrated northwestward by 23–28 and 74–76 km in the near-term and late-term respectively, under SSP1-2.6, 2-4.5 and 3-7.0 and by ~ 44 km and ~ 107 km respectively during the near-term and late-term under SSP5-8.5. During the twenty-first century, under various SSPs, the surface of the East Asian subcontinent warmed more than the ocean, thereby increasing the contrast of near-surface temperature and sea level pressure in summer between the East Asian subcontinent and the surrounding oceans. In turn, the intensified land–sea thermal contrast reinforced the EASM meridional circulation and thus transported more moisture from the Indian Ocean into northern China. Additionally, a poleward migration and weakening of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet would also favor an increase in precipitation, eventually caused a northwestward migration of the EASM northern boundary. The results suggest that the arid and semiarid ecotone will become wetter, which could dramatically improve the eco-environment in the future.
A model for simulating emergent patterns of cities and roads on real-world landscapes
Authors: Aoki Takaaki , Fujiwara Naoya , Fricker Mark , Nakagaki Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmergence of cities and road networks have characterised human activity and movement over millennia. However, this anthropogenic infrastructure does not develop in isolation, but is deeply embedded in the natural landscape, which strongly influences the resultant spatial patterns. Nevertheless, the precise impact that landscape has on the location, size and connectivity of cities is a long-standing, unresolved problem. To address this issue, we incorporate high-resolution topographic maps into a Turing-like pattern forming system, in which local reinforcement rules result in co-evolving centres of population and transport networks. Using Italy as a case study, we show that the model constrained solely by topography results in an emergent spatial pattern that is consistent with Zipf’s Law and comparable to the census data. Thus, we infer the natural landscape may play a dominant role in establishing the baseline macro-scale population pattern, that is then modified by higher-level historical, socio-economic or cultural factors.
Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with lower incidence of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus and causes of death analysis
Authors: Chung Mu-Chi , Hsu Hui-Tsung , Chang Chao-Hsiang , Hung Peir-Haur , Hsiao Po-Jen , Wu Laing-You , Wu Ming-Ju , Shieh Jeng-Jer , Chung Chi-Jung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) potentially decrease all-cause and cardiovascular death, however, associations with non-cardiovascular death remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated SGLT2i associations with death and the cause of death. We used the Taiwanese National Health Institutes Research database linked to the National Register of Deaths (NRD). Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and propensity score matched T2DM SGLT2i and Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) users were investigated. The index year was the SGLT2i or DPP4i prescription date from May 2016. Patients were followed-up until death or December 2018. Deaths verified by the NRD and grouped accordingly. Multiple Cox proportional hazards models were used. In total, 261,211 patients were included in the population; 47% of the patients were female and the average age was 62 years. The overall incidence of all-cause death was 8.67/1000 patient-years for SGLT2i and 12.41 for DPP4i users during follow-up. After adjusting for potential risk factors in the propensity score matched population, SGLT2i users were associated with lower risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, cancer death, and non-cancer, non-vascular death compared with DPP4i-users. For specific death causes, significantly lower death risks from heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and accidents were associated with SGLT2i-use. SGLT2i benefits for T2DM patients were not different across subgroups. Compared with DPP4i-use, SGLT2i-use for T2DM was associated with lower disease and death risk.
Ureaplasma and Prevotella colonization with Lactobacillus abundance during pregnancy facilitates term birth
Authors: Park Sunwha , You Young-Ah , Kim Young-Han , Kwon Eunjin , Ansari AbuZar , Kim Soo Min , Lee Gain , Hur Young Min , Jung Yun Ji , Kim Kwangmin , Kim Young Ju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUreaplasma and Prevotella infections are well-known bacteria associated with preterm birth. However, with the development of metagenome sequencing techniques, it has been found that not all Ureaplasma and Prevotella colonizations cause preterm birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between Ureaplasma and Prevotella colonization with the induction of preterm birth even in the presence of Lactobacillus. In this matched case–control study, a total of 203 pregnant Korean women were selected and their cervicovaginal fluid samples were collected during mid-pregnancy. The microbiome profiles of the cervicovaginal fluid were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Sequencing data were processed using QIIME1.9.1. Statistical analyses were performed using R software, and microbiome analysis was performed using the MicrobiomeAnalyst and Calypso software. A positive correlation between Ureaplasma and other genera was highly related to preterm birth, but interestingly, there was a negative correlation with Lactobacillus and term birth, with the same pattern observed with Prevotella. Ureaplasma and Prevotella colonization with Lactobacillus abundance during pregnancy facilitates term birth, although Ureaplasma and Prevotella are associated with preterm birth. Balanced colonization between Lactobacillus and Ureaplasma and Prevotella is important to prevent preterm birth.
Validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the primary spinal cord tumors in routine clinical setting
Authors: Won Young Il , Choi Yunhee , Yuh Woon Tak , Kwon Shin Won , Kim Chi Heon , Yang Seung Heon , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMRI is the primary diagnostic modality for spinal cord tumors. However, its validity has never been vigorously scrutinized in daily routine clinical practice, where MRI tissue diagnosis is usually not a single one but multiple ones with several differential diagnoses. Here, we aimed to assess the validity of MRI in terms of predicting the pathology and location of the tumor in routine clinical settings. We analyzed 820 patients with primary spinal cord tumors, who have a pathological diagnosis and location in the operation record which were confirmed. We modified traditional measures for validity based upon a set of diagnoses instead of a single diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictabilities were evaluated for the tumor location and pathology. For tumor location, 456 were intradural extramedullary; 165 were intramedullary, and 156 were extradural. The overall sensitivity and specificity were over 90.0%. However, the sensitivity became lower when the tumor resided simultaneously in two spaces such as in the intradural-and-extradural or intramedullary-and-extramedullary space (54.6% and 30.0%, respectively). Most common pathology was schwannoma (n = 416), followed by meningioma (114) and ependymoma (87). Sensitivities were 93.3%, 90.4%, and 89.7%, respectively. Specificities were 70.8%, 82.9%, and 76.0%. In rare tumors such as neurofibromas, and diffuse midline gliomas, the sensitivity was much lower (less than 30%). For common locations and pathologies, the validity of MRI is generally acceptable. However, for rare locations and pathologies, MRI diagnosis still needs some improvement.
Ultrafast charge generation in a homogenous polymer domain
Authors: Meng Ruixuan , Zhu Rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEfficient charge generation contributes greatly to the high performance of organic photovoltaic devices. The mechanism of charge separation induced by heterojunction has been widely accepted. However, how and why free charge carriers can generate in homogenous polymer domains remains to be explored. In this work, the extended tight-binding SSH model, combined with the non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulation, is used to construct the model of a polymer array in an applied electric field and simulate the evolution of an excited state. It is found that under a very weak external electric field 5.0 × 10−3 V/Å, the excited state can evolve directly into spatially separated free charges at the femtosecond scale, and the efficiency is up to 97%. The stacking structure of the polymer array leads to intermolecular electron mutualization and forms intermolecular coupling. This interaction tends to delocalize the excited states in organic semiconductors, competing with the localization caused by electron–phonon coupling. Excitons within the homogenous polymer domains have lower binding energy, less energy dissipation, and ultrafast charge separation. Therefore, the initial excited state can evolve directly into free carriers under a very weak electric field. This finding provides a reasonable explanation for ultrafast charge generation in pure polymer phases and is consistent with the fact that delocalization always coexists with ultrafast charge generation. Moreover, the devices based on homogenous polymer domains are supposed to be stress-sensitive and performance-anisotropic since the above two interactions have contrary effects and work in perpendicular directions. This work is expected to bring inspiration for the design of organic functional materials and devices.
Implications for fault locking south of Jakarta from an investigation of seismic activity along the Baribis fault, northwestern Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widiyantoro S. , Supendi P. , Ardianto A. , Baskara A. W. , Bacon C. A. , Damanik R. , Rawlinson N. , Gunawan E. , Sahara D. P. , Zulfakriza Z. , Husni Y. M. , Lesmana A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent borehole seismic deployments conducted along the Baribis Fault in northwestern Java reveal that it may be active. In this study, we exploit these data to locate proximal earthquakes using a relative relocation technique, estimate their moment magnitudes using a spectral fitting method and compute their focal mechanisms via waveform inversion. We observe that seismicity in the eastern part of the fault is significantly higher than in the west, where a previous GPS study of the region south of Jakarta demonstrated the existence of high compression rates. These observations imply that the western Baribis Fault is locked, and that neighbouring areas, including southern Jakarta and its surroundings, may be highly vulnerable to future sizeable earthquakes when accumulated elastic strain energy is eventually released during fault rupture. Significantly, the current generation of Indonesia’s national hazard maps have not considered seismicity along the Baribis Fault. Our new results therefore call for an urgent reappraisal of the seismic hazard in northwestern Java that carefully takes into account the Baribis Fault and its earthquake potential, particularly in light of its proximity to Jakarta, a megacity that lies at the heart of one of the most densely populated islands in the world.
Baseline peripheral neuropathy was associated with age and a prognostic factor in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Dong Mengmeng , Zhang Jinna , Han Xiaoyan , He Jingsong , Zheng Gaofeng , Cai Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell hematological malignancy. Bortezomib has become the primary drug in the treatment of patients with MM. However, its negative effects, especially peripheral neuropathy (PN), affect the patients’ life quality and treatment continuity. However, there are few studies on baseline PN of MM, and little is known of the impact of baseline PN on the prognosis of MM patients. Therefore, we reviewed the clinical data of newly diagnosed MM patients in our center, explored the influencing factors of baseline PN, and evaluated PN’s influence on the prognosis of MM patients undergoing induction therapy with bortezomib. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 155 MM patients were eligible for the retrospective study. The multivariate regression analysis, generalized additive fitting smooth curve, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and K-M curve were conducted in this study. We found that baseline PN in patients with MM was age-related; MM patients with baseline PN have more severe bortezomib induced PN (BiPN) during the four courses of induction therapy with bortezomib as the primary regimen and worse PN outcome after induction therapy. Additionally, the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of MM patients with baseline PN were worse than those of the MM patients without baseline PN.
Experimental study of reasonable mesh size of geogrid reinforced tailings
Authors: Du Changbo , Niu Ben , Wang Laigui , Yi Fu , Liang Lidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrently, the influence of geogrid mesh size on interface characteristics are disregarded in various codes and standards. To explore the reasonable mesh size of geogrid used for reinforced tailings, the direct shear test and pull-out test of geogrid reinforced tailings with different mesh sizes were done. The results show that the shear surface of geogrid reinforced tailings is characterized by the combined action of geogrid-tailings interface and tailings-tailings interface; the geogrid-tailings interface friction was separated from the comprehensive interface friction to analyze the influence of area ratio on it under different test conditions; and the mesh size of geogrid reinforced tailings, that is, the area ratio of the geogrid-tailings interface to the shear surface (α), has a greater influence on the pseudo-cohesion and less on the pseudo-friction angle. The friction strength of the geogrid-tailings interface increases slightly with increasing mesh size, then decreases sharply, and the reinforcement effect of geogrid quickly disappears. Considering the direct shear test and pull-out test, the reasonable mesh size of geogrid reinforced tailings should be the mesh size corresponding to α 0.47–0.55. With the increase α, the effect of the geogrid reinforced tailings can be divided into four stages where the third stage ($$0.4 \le \alpha < 0.6$$

0.4
≤
α
<
0.6

) is the stage with the best reinforcement effect.
Association of ideal cardiovascular health with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in a young adult population
Authors: Chavoshi Vajihe , Barzin Maryam , Ebadinejad Amir , Dehghan Pooneh , Momeni Moghaddam Amin , Mahdavi Maryam , Hadaegh Farzad , Niroomand Mahtab , Valizadeh Majid , Azizi Fereidoun , Mirmiran Parvin , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdeal cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the association of CVH metrics with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1295 adults, average age of 29.7 ± 4.0 years, selected from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The participants were divided into three groups based on the overall CVH score: ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was used to determine the association of the CVH score with cIMT. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for high cIMT (≥ 95% percentile). Also, the independent effects of each ideal CVH metric on cIMT were analyzed. The prevalence of ideal CVH was 6.4% in men and 12.4% in women, and mean cIMT was obtained 0.53 ± 0.09 mm in men and 0.57 ± 0.08 mm in women. A 1-point increase of the CVH score in men and women was associated with a cIMT decrease of 0.009 and 0.011 mm (men: Beta [SE] = − 0.009 [0.003]; women: − 0.011 [0.007], p < 0.001), rendering the ORs of 0.66 and 0.70 for having a high cIMT (≥ 95% percentile), respectively. Ideal blood pressure in both sexes and body mass index in women had significant inverse association with cIMT. There was an inverse graded association between the CVH score and cIMT among young adults, indicating that ideal CVH metrics were associated with better vascular health in this population.
High incidence of cleft palate and vomer deformities in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction
Authors: Bae Seong Hoon , Kim Jun-Young , Jeong Mincheol , Moon In Seok , Kim Sung Huhn , Choi Jae Young , Jung Jinsei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the cleft palate is regarded as a contraindication for Eustachian tube ballooning, the presence of submucosal cleft palate may be overlooked while diagnosing Eustachian tube dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of the presence of a hard palate bony notch and vomer defect, which indicate the presence of submucosal cleft palate in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction. In the Eustachian tube dysfunction group (n = 28), 4 patients (14.3%) exhibited a hard palate bony notch and a concurrent vomer defect. Three of them exhibited the presence of occult submucosal cleft palate, which had not been diagnosed previously. None of the control group (n = 39) showed any of these findings. The hard palate length of patients in the Eustachian tube dysfunction group was significantly lesser than that of those in the control group (34.2 ± 5.6 mm vs. 37.2 ± 2.1 mm, P = 0.016). Patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction have a high incidence of submucosal cleft palate and its occult variant, which are challenging to diagnose without any preexisting suspicion. Clinicians should evaluate the hard palate and vomer to exclude the presence of occult submucosal cleft palate while diagnosing Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Heterogeneity in coronary heart disease risk
Authors: Simonetto Cristoforo , Rospleszcz Susanne , Kaiser Jan Christian , Furukawa Kyoji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is large inter-individual heterogeneity in risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Risk factors traditionally used in primary risk assessment only partially explain this heterogeneity. Residual, unobserved heterogeneity leads to age-related attenuation of hazard rates and underestimation of hazard ratios. Its magnitude is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to estimate a lower and an approximate upper bound. Heterogeneity was parametrized by a log-normal distribution with shape parameter σ. Analysis was based on published data. From concordance indices of studies including traditional risk factors and additional diagnostic imaging data, we calculated the part of heterogeneity explained by imaging data. For traditional risk assessment, this part typically remains unexplained, thus constituting a lower bound on unobserved heterogeneity. Next, the potential impact of heterogeneity on CHD hazard rates in several large countries was investigated. CHD rates increase with age but the increase attenuates with age. Presuming this attenuation to be largely caused by heterogeneity, an approximate upper bound on σ was derived. Taking together both bounds, unobserved heterogeneity in studies without imaging information can be described by a shape parameter in the range σ = 1–2. It substantially contributes to observed age-dependences of hazard ratios and may lead to underestimation of hazard ratios by a factor of about two. Therefore, analysis of studies for primary CHD risk assessment should account for unobserved heterogeneity.
SFARI genes and where to find them; modelling Autism Spectrum Disorder specific gene expression dysregulation with RNA-seq data
Authors: Arpi Magdalena Navarro Torres , Simpson T. Ian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have a strong, yet heterogeneous, genetic component. Among the various methods that are being developed to help reveal the underlying molecular aetiology of the disease one approach that is gaining popularity is the combination of gene expression and clinical genetic data, often using the SFARI-gene database, which comprises lists of curated genes considered to have causative roles in ASD when mutated in patients. We build a gene co-expression network to study the relationship between ASD-specific transcriptomic data and SFARI genes and then analyse it at different levels of granularity. No significant evidence is found of association between SFARI genes and differential gene expression patterns when comparing ASD samples to a control group, nor statistical enrichment of SFARI genes in gene co-expression network modules that have a strong correlation with ASD diagnosis. However, classification models that incorporate topological information from the whole ASD-specific gene co-expression network can predict novel SFARI candidate genes that share features of existing SFARI genes and have support for roles in ASD in the literature. A statistically significant association is also found between the absolute level of gene expression and SFARI’s genes and Scores, which can confound the analysis if uncorrected. We propose a novel approach to correct for this that is general enough to be applied to other problems affected by continuous sources of bias. It was found that only co-expression network analyses that integrate information from the whole network are able to reveal signatures linked to ASD diagnosis and novel candidate genes for the study of ASD, which individual gene or module analyses fail to do. It was also found that the influence of SFARI genes permeates not only other ASD scoring systems, but also lists of genes believed to be involved in other neurodevelopmental disorders.
A rapid and high sensitivity RNA detection based on NASBA and G4-ThT fluorescent biosensor
Authors: Guoshuai Jia , Xiaomeng Xu , Zengdan Guo , Xingxing Hu , Qi Pan , Hanbing Zhu , Yi Wang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, various newly emerged and re-emerged RNA viruses have seriously threatened the global public health. There is a pressing need for rapid and reliable nucleic acid–based assays for detecting viral RNA. Here, we successfully developed a highly sensitive, easy-to-operate G4-ThT-NASBA system to detect viral RNA that no need for labeled primers and probes. Next, we tested the system for detecting the Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), an RNA virus that causes a highly contagious disease in domestic pigs and wild boar and easily causes huge economic losses. Results showed that the system, integrated the G4-ThT fluorescent biosensor and NASBA (Nuclear acid sequence-based amplification),is capable to detect as little as 2 copies/μL of viral RNA without interfering by other swine viral RNA. Moreover, we were able to detect CSFV RNA within 2 h in serum samples taken from the field in a real-time mode. These findings indicate that the G4-ThT-NASBA system is a rapid, high sensitivity and easy-to-operate technique for RNA detection. The method also has the real-time detection capability which may be easily integrated in a highly automated system such as microfluidic chips.