bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers for cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis at 7 T
Authors: Straub Sina , El‐Sanosy Edris , Emmerich Julian , Sandig Frederik L. , Ladd Mark E. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubstantial cortical gray matter tissue damage, which correlates with clinical disease severity, has been revealed in multiple sclerosis (MS) using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods at 3 T and the use of ultra‐high field, as well as in histopathology studies. While clinical assessment mainly focuses on lesions using
‐ and
‐weighted MRI, quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods are capable of uncovering subtle microstructural changes. The aim of this ultra‐high field study is to extract possible future MR biomarkers for the quantitative evaluation of regional cortical pathology. Because of their sensitivity to iron, myelin, and in part specifically to cortical demyelination,
,
,
, and susceptibility mapping were performed including two novel susceptibility markers; in addition, cortical thickness as well as the volumes of 34 cortical regions were computed. Data were acquired in 20 patients and 16 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. In 18 cortical regions, large to very large effect sizes (Cohen's d ≥ 1) and statistically significant differences in qMRI values between patients and controls were revealed compared with only four regions when using more standard MR measures, namely, volume and cortical thickness. Moreover, a decrease in all susceptibility contrasts (
,
,
and
values indicates that the role of cortical demyelination might outweigh inflammatory processes in the form of iron accumulation in cortical MS pathology, and might also indicate iron loss. A significant association between susceptibility contrasts as well as
of the caudal middle frontal gyrus and disease duration was found (adjusted R2: 0.602, p = 0.0011). Quantitative MRI parameters might be more sensitive towards regional cortical pathology compared with the use of conventional markers only and therefore may play a role in early detection of tissue damage in MS in the future.
Deep learning‐regularized, single‐step quantitative susceptibility mapping quantification
Authors: Wang Zuojun , Mak Henry Ka‐Fung , Cao Peng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to develop deep learning‐regularized, single‐step quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) quantification, directly generating QSM from the total phase map. A deep learning‐regularized, single‐step QSM quantification model, named SS‐POCSnet, was trained with datasets created using the QSM synthesis approach in QSM reconstruction challenge 2.0. In SS‐POCSnet, a data fidelity term based on a single‐step model was iteratively applied that combined the spherical mean value kernel and dipole model. Meanwhile, SS‐POCSnet regularized susceptibility maps, avoiding underestimating susceptibility values. We evaluated the SS‐POCSnet on 10 synthetic datasets, 24 clinical datasets with lesions of cerebral microbleed (CMB) and calcification, and 10 datasets with multiple sclerosis (MS).On synthetic datasets, SS‐POCSnet showed the best performance among the methods evaluated, with a normalized root mean squared error of 37.3% ± 4.2%, susceptibility‐tuned structured similarity index measure of 0.823 ± 0.02, high‐frequency error norm of 37.0 ± 5.7, and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of 42.8 ± 1.1. SS‐POCSnet also reduced the underestimations of susceptibility values in deep brain nuclei compared with those from the other models evaluated. Furthermore, SS‐POCSnet was sensitive to CMB/calcification and MS lesions, demonstrating its clinical applicability. Our method also supported variable imaging parameters, including matrix size and resolution. It was concluded that deep learning‐regularized, single‐step QSM quantification can mitigate underestimating susceptibility values in deep brain nuclei.
Flexible, adhesive, strain‐sensitive, and skin‐matchable hydrogel strain sensors for human motion and handwritten signal monitoring
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Chen Yunxin , Guo Min , Wu Yuanpeng , Li Yuntao , Xiang Dong , Li Hui , Wang Li , Sun Zhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlexible hydrogel strain sensors have made great progress in medical applications, human motion detection, and human‐machine interactions. However, the design of hydrogels to realize the synergistic responses of excellent mechanical properties, robust adhesion, and stable sensing is still a highly challenging task. Herein, we report a multifunctional hydrogel (PAMT hydrogel) by crosslinking acrylic acid (AA), 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and tannic acid (TA) to form a polymer network via a simple one‐pot free radical polymerization. Among them, the dynamic bonding with hydrogen bonding between PAA chains and TA significantly improved the stretch ability of the hydrogels (700%), and the abundant catechol groups on TA endowed the hydrogels with strong and stable adhesion properties (the adhesion strength to glass reached 248 N m−1). When applied to human skin, the hydrogel can be easily peeled off without leaving any residue. Furthermore, the strain sensor assembled using PAMT hydrogel could not only effectively detect the movement in different parts of the human body, but also be used for precise handwritten recognition and electric skin of silicone prosthetic hand. Due to the addition of MPC and TA, the conductive hydrogel has good biocompatibility and no harm to human body. Therefore, PAMT hydrogel has opened up a new vision for the development of intelligent detection and bionic intelligent robots.
Experimental validation ofnon‐Newtonianstratifiedco‐extrusionprediction models using a digital process twin
Authors: Hammer Alexander , Roland Wolfgang , Zacher Maximilian , Kohl Stefan , Berger‐Weber Gerald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the co‐extrusion of plastics, pressure‐throughput behavior, layer distribution, and residence time are crucial parameters, modeling of which contributes to manufacturing high‐quality products at optimized process efficiency and significantly shortens development times for die systems. In previous work, we have presented symbolic regression models to predicting the (i) pressure‐throughput behavior, (ii) position of the interface, (iii) interfacial shear stress, (iv) ratio of volume flow rates, and (v) interfacial flow velocity for isothermal two‐layer co‐extrusion flows through rectangular ducts. These regression models are mathematically simple and capable of capturing the shear‐thinning nature of polymer melts without the need for numerical methods. Here, we present an experimental study validating the proposed models against co‐extrusion process data and comparing them to existing theories. To this end, a two‐layer co‐extrusion demonstration die instrumented with an optical coherence tomography sensor for detecting the interfacial position was used. To accurately set up and evaluate the die flows, the overall co‐extrusion process was represented by means of a digital process twin. Industrially relevant combinations of materials were tested under a wide range of processing conditions. Comparisons of pressure losses and interfacial positions to the predictions showed excellent agreement and the results outperformed the concept of representative viscosity.
Intratympanic steroid treatment can reduce ROS and immune response in human perilymph investigated by in‐depth proteome analysis
Authors: Jung Jin Woo , Hwang Yu‐jung , Suh Myung‐Whan , Han Dohyun , Oh Seung Ha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntratympanic (IT) steroid treatment is one of the most widely used and effective treatments for inner ear disorders such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, a clear mechanism of IT steroids in inner ear recovery has not yet been revealed. Therefore, we investigated proteome changes in extracted human perilymph after steroid treatment. In this study, we applied a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)‐based proteomics approach to discover global proteome changes by comparing human perilymph after steroid treatment with non‐treated perilymph group. Using liquid chromatography‐MS/MS analysis, we selected 156 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were statistically significant according to Student's t‐test. Functional annotation analysis showed that upregulated proteins after steroid treatment are related to apoptosis signaling, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immune responses. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) clusters the proteins associated with these processes and attempts to observe signaling circuitry, which mediates cellular response after IT steroid treatments. Moreover, we also considered the interactome analysis of DEPs and observed that those with high interaction scores were categorized as having equivalent molecular functions (MFs). Collectively, we suggest that DEPs and interacting proteins in human perilymph after steroid treatment would inhibit the apoptotic and adaptive immune processes that may lead to anti‐inflammatory effects.
Synthesis and properties of cationic multiblock polyaramides and polyimides
Authors: Biery Alison R. , Knauss Daniel M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) is a useful material due to its high charge density and alkaline stability, but its hydrophilic nature limits applications to those where the dissolved polymer is appropriate. To make polymers suitable for applications as films and membranes containing the diallyldimethylammonium moiety, multiblock copolymers of polyaramides (PA) and polyimides (PI), materials known for their excellent physical properties and stabilities, were synthesized. Aminophenyl difunctionalized PDADMAC oligomers were synthesized using a disulfide iniferter then counterion exchanged to the hexafluorophosphate anion to produce telechelic oligomers with good solubility in polar aprotic solvents. The oligomers were reacted in situ with the proper difunctional monomers to produce PA, polyetheraramides, PI, and polyetherimides. All the classes of copolymers were synthesized over a range of compositions at high yield and material properties were demonstrated to be a result of both the backbone chemistry and the composition. Several of the synthesized copolymers formed films with good clarity, strength, and flexibility. The copolymers containing ether linkages had increased backbone flexibility and demonstrated better film‐forming properties. The multiblock copolyaramides and copolyimides demonstrate a method to produce materials with excellent thermal stability and good strength and flexibility, making them uniquely capable of serving as water insoluble, cationic films, and membranes.
Black‐brown hairy tongue: An unusual adverse effect of linezolid
Authors: Mahadi Ashrafur Rahaman , Majumder Mahabubul Islam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLinezolid‐induced black hairy tongue (BHT) is an uncommon side effect. We present a case of linezolid induced BHT and evaluate relevant literature from the home and worldwide. Its goal is to offer a secure and appropriate foundation for clinical drug usage. A 23‐year‐old male with recurrent boil infection erroneously reported by gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by pus culture, which was misdiagnosed by a small clinic (diagnostic center) in a rural region of Bangladesh where he had previously been treated for that reoccurring boil infection. The patient was actually suffering from a different pus‐forming bacteria (Klebsiella), a gram‐negative bacterium that was just found after careful C/S report. Linezolid was administered to the patient 600 mg q12h orally in tablet after discharge from that rural clinic. On the 14th day following oral treatment, the patient presented to the hospital with BHT but no other atypical taste complaints. However, all symptoms were tolerable, and he finished the linezolid treatment period. After withdrawing from the medicine, all tongue symptoms vanished. Following a thorough study, it was determined that this patient had BHT brought on by drug linezolid. Long‐term linezolid usage is associated with neuropathies and bone marrow suppression. There is, however, little information about an uncommon adverse effect, black hairy tongue. We present here a case of linezolid induced BHT in a patient who was misdiagnosed. Also covered are the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of black hairy tongue.
Fast peptide exchange on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by acidic stabilization of a peptide‐empty intermediate
Authors: Saikia Ankur , Hadeler Andries , Prasad Pranathi , Zacharias Martin , Springer Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cell biology and biochemistry of peptide exchange on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I) proteins are of great interest in the study of immunodominance, which requires iterative optimization of peptide affinity, and cross‐presentation of pathogen and tumor antigens, in which endogenous peptides are exchanged for exogenous ones. Even though several methods exist to catalyze peptide exchange on recombinant MHC‐I proteins, the cellular conditions and mechanisms allowing for peptide exchange in vivo remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that low pH, as present in endosomes, indeed triggers peptide exchange, and we dissect the individual steps of the exchange reaction. We find that low pH stabilizes the peptide‐empty forms of MHC‐I that occur as intermediates of the exchange reaction, and that is synergizes with dipeptides and with disulfide‐mediated stabilization of MHC‐I.
Reliability modeling for competing failure processes considering degradation rate variation under cumulative shock
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Cao Shihao , Li Wenbo , Liu Chengrui , Mu Jingjing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost systems experience both random shocks (hard failure) and performance degradation (soft failure) during service span, and the dependence of the two competing failure processes has become a key issue. In this study, a novel dependent competing failure processes (DCFPs) model with a varying degradation rate is proposed. The comprehensive impact of random shocks, especially the effect of cumulative shock, is reasonably considered. Specifically, a shock will cause an abrupt degradation damage, and when the cumulative shock reaches a predefined threshold, the degradation rate will change. An analytical reliability solution is derived under the concept of first hitting time (FHT). Besides, a one‐step maximum likelihood estimation method is established by constructing a comprehensive likelihood function. Finally, the reasonability of the closed form reliability solution and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed DCFPs modeling methodology are demonstrated by a comparative simulation study.
An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method based on a four‐step analysis strategy to investigate metabolites of Qi‐Yu‐San‐Long decoction in rat plasma
Authors: Zhao Yue , Chen Yang , Li Ruijuan , Zheng Ting , Huang Mengwen , Gao Yating , Li Zegeng , Wu Huan 
Published: October 2022

Metabolism is undoubtedly significantly correlated with the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine. In clinic, Qi‐Yu‐San‐Long decoction (QYSLD) has achieved good results in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of the compounds (prototypes and metabolites) of QYSLD and its dynamic metabolic profile in plasma has not been revealed.MethodsIn this study, a rapid and sensitive method based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF/MSE), combined with a four‐step analysis strategy, was established to investigate QYSLD metabolic profile in rat plasma.ResultsIn all, 101 xenobiotics (41 prototypes and 60 QYSLD‐related metabolites) were identified in rat plasma. The research uncovered metabolic profiles of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, iridoids, anthraquinones, and phenylpropanoids of QYSLD in rat plasma. The dynamic changes in these xenobiotics were also observed at different time intervals. At 0.5 h after oral administration, only 15 prototypes and 11 metabolites were detected. Within 24 h, 4 prototypes and 20 metabolites can still be detected. Four prototypes and 10 metabolites had the phenomenon of emergence–disappearance–reappearance in vivo.ConclusionIn rat plasma, 101 xenobiotics of QYSLD were identified and their dynamic metabolic profiles were systematically delineated, which laid a material basis for further research of the pharmacodynamic substances of QYSLD inhibiting NSCLC.
Dynamic event‐triggered control for a class of p‐normal nonlinear time‐delay systems via output feedback
Authors: Yuan Manman , Zhai Junyong 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, the event‐triggered (ET) output feedback control problem is discussed for a class of ‐normal nonlinear time‐delay systems. Different from the related existing literature, the linear growth condition is relaxed to the homogeneous one and the growth rate is unknown. In the case of unknown time‐varying delays and control coefficients, nonsmooth control law and some extra redundant terms will be encountered in the design of ET controller, which would bring substantial challenges to the achievement of global convergence. To cope with unknown growth rate and time‐varying delays, two dynamic gains and an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) are introduced. Then, a new dynamic ET mechanism is given, in which the triggering threshold can be tuned dynamically. It is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system (CLS) are bounded. Corresponding examples are given to indicate the validity of the developed theoretical results.
Tribochemistry of phenol and benzyl alcohol between YG8 self‐mated interfaces
Authors: Zhang Renhui , Zhang Qiao , Luo Yuzhou , Wu Ruolin , Li Longcheng 
Published: October 2022

In this work, the tribological performance of mixed lubricant consisting of phenol and benzyl alcohol between YG8 self‐mated interfaces was systematically investigated under 98 N and 1450 rpm. The results showed that with increasing concentration of phenol in the mixed lubricant, the friction coefficient initially decreases and then increases; however, anti‐wear performance initially was enhanced and then weaken. As the concentration of phenol was 1.0 wt.%, the tribo‐system exhibited the lowest friction coefficient and wear scar diameter. TEM, SEM and XPS techniques were employed to probe the possible tribological mechanism sliding in the mixed lubricant containing 1.0 wt.% of phenol. The phenol effectively slowed down the oxidation of the mixed lubricant, combination of friction‐induced tungsten oxides and carbon quantum dots, assuring the tribo‐system still in mixed lubrication condition, which made the tribo‐system maintain low friction coefficient and wear.
The Impact of Macrokinetic Effects on the Heck‐Matsuda Reaction Using in‐situ Generated and Immobilized Pd‐Catalysts
Authors: Matelienė (née Dauksaîtė) Lauryna , Gu Xiaoting , Brunner Heiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study shows the influence of stirring speed on the kinetics of the Heck‐Matsuda reaction when using in‐situ generated immobilized catalysts and olefins. The stirring speed not only influences the reaction kinetics of the actual reaction, but also the particle size distribution and the degree of immobilization of the palladium clusters. In addition to the stirring speed, the electronic nature of the olefin used in each case also plays a decisive role on the particle size distribution and thus the catalytic activity of the system.
Synthesis of Thorium Dioxide Nanocrystals by Pyrolysis of a Thorium‐based Metal‐organic Framework
Authors: Yu Ting , Qian Zhenghua , Li Lin , Lu Zonghui , Li Bin , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiaofeng , He Hui , Qiao Yanbo , Ye Guoan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new method is demonstrated for synthesizing thorium dioxide (ThO2) nanoparticles (NPs) by thermal decomposition of an undiscovered thorium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF). Upon heating at 520 °C, the thorium‐based MOF crystals, designated Th‐MTB, are converted completely to ThO2 NPs with an average size of 150 nm. The MOF‐derived ThO2 NPs are easily sintered to form ThO2 ceramics which have good thermal conductivity. The crystalline grains of ThO2 grow continuously during sintering.The method for the synthesis of ThO2 NPs could have potential applications in the production of nuclear materials.
A One‐Pot Tandem Synthesis of Sulfoximine‐Based Urea From Organic Acid via Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: Irfana Jesin C. P. , Padma Priya V. R. , Kataria Ramesh , Alisha V. , Vimalkumar P. S. , Joseph Anuja G. , Nandi Ganesh Chandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe develop a tandem protocol to synthesize unsymmetrical sulfoximine‐based urea via Curtius rearrangement. The aliphatic/aromatic acid in the presence of diphenylphosphorylazide (DPPA) undergo Curtius rearrangement, and subsequent nucleophilic attack with sulfoximine provides corresponding urea derivative in very good to excellent yield. The protocol is equally applicable for gram‐scale synthesis. The direct use of cheap, easy handling, commercially available aliphatic/aromatic acids are the main advantages of this method. Additionally, we synthesize the sulfoximine analogue of key biologically active compounds, such as tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, and oncolytic sulfonyl urea.
Two Zero‐Dimensional In3+‐Based Hybrid Halides: Single‐Component Materials Showing Bluish‐White‐Light Emission
Authors: Cao Tengfei , Wang Yuanjie , Xu Zhihuang , Ye Liwang , Zhuang Xinxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional organic‐inorganic hybrid halides (OIHs) with wide emission band have drawn in plenty of consideration in recent years, due to their good luminescence potential, low cost and stable chemical properties. In this work, we reported two new zero‐dimensional (0D) OIH single‐crystals, (N‐AEP)InCl6 ⋅ H2O (N‐AEP=N‐Aminoethylpiperazine, 1) and (N‐AEP)InBr6 ⋅ H2O (2), both belong to the orthorhombic space group of C2221. Systematic characterizations of the compounds including crystal structure, thermal, and photophysical properties were carried out. Luminescence properties studies indicated their dual‐emission characteristics, which was attributed to the synergy of organic and inorganic groups. Significantly, complex 1 showed blue‐light (color coordinates: (0.18, 0.16)) emission upon UV excitation, while a rare bluish‐white light (color coordinates: (0.24, 0.24)) was observed in 2, depending on the assembly of high‐energy emission in (N‐AEP)3+ and low‐energy emission in [InBr6]3− octahedron. This paper offered a particular example on the research for In3+‐based single‐component materials with wide emission bands.