bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient pollination and high reproductive success in two Brazilian Spiranthinae orchids: Insights on the evolutionary history of pollination within the Pelexia clade
Authors: Buzatto Cristiano Roberto , Nervo Michelle Helena , Sanguinetti Agustin , Van Den Berg Cássio , Singer Rodrigo B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe pollination process and breeding system of Pachygenium bonariense and Pachygenium pteryganthum were documented for native populations from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The flowers secrete nectar (on average with 65% to 67% of the concentration of total sugars), which is concealed into an incurved spur. Both species are pollinated by native, large Apidae bees, and the pollinaria adhere under the ventral surface of their labrum while bees try to reach the nectar. P. bonariense is pollinated by native bumblebees Bombus (Fervidobombus) morio and P. pteryganthum by females of oil‐gathering Centris (Melacentris) sp. Both orchid species are self‐compatible but pollinator‐dependent (i.e., unable to set fruit and seed in the absence of pollinators). They also displayed high natural reproductive success (from 22% to 90%) and Nilsson's male efficiency factors ranging from 2.2 to 3.6, suggesting that, during our observations, more than one flower was pollinated for each flower acting as the pollen donor. To enrich the discussion, additional unpublished data on the pollination and breeding system of other orchid species of the Pelexia clade (the Spiranthinae group containing the studied species) are also presented and briefly illustrated. A phylogenetic framework of the clade is used to ascertain well‐supported evolutionary scenarios for pollination‐related floral traits (viscidium, protandry and a group of pollinators). The characteristic “dorsally adhesive” viscidium can be considered a synapomorphy for the subclade formed by the genera Cyclopogon, Veyretia, Sarcoglottis, Pachygenium, Pelexia and Brachystele, with a reversal to the plesiomorphic condition (ventrally adhesive) at the latter genus. Pollination by bees is likely the rule within the subclade and may be regarded as plesiomorphic for the whole Spiranthinae subtribe.
Long‐term income trajectories and the evolution of political attitudes
Authors: HELGASON AGNAR FREYR , REHM PHILIPP 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncome and political attitudes are powerfully correlated in cross‐sectional data, yet research based on panel data finds at most a weak correlation. In this paper, we examine this puzzling pattern by exploring the long‐term evolution of attitudes over the life cycle. We evaluate the predictions of five different explanations on the relationship between attitudes and income experiences. These explanations focus on, respectively: socialization, anticipation, myopic self‐interest, learning and status maximization. We employ accelerated longitudinal design models using data on core political values that span up to sixteen years from the British Household Panel Survey. Our findings reconcile the mixed evidence in the literature: the correlation between income and political attitudes, strong in cross‐sectional studies but weak in short panel studies, emerges because attitudes crystallize – slowly but systematically – as income evolves over the life cycle. This pattern is most consistent with the learning explanation.
Observing Enforcement: Evidence from Banking
Authors: KLEYMENOVA ANYA , TOMY RIMMY E. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper finds that the disclosure of supervisory actions by bank regulators is associated with changes in their enforcement behavior. Using a novel sample of enforcement decisions and orders (EDOs) and a change in the disclosure regime, we find that regulators issue more EDOs, intervene sooner, and rely more on publicly observable signals following the regime change. EDO documents become longer, more complex, and contain more boilerplate language. Our results also indicate that intervention happens sooner and more frequently in counties with higher news circulation, which suggests that regulators take into account the public perception of their actions. We evaluate potentially confounding factors, including the savings and loan (S&L) crisis and competition from thrifts, and find robust results. We also study bank outcomes and document that uninsured deposits decline at EDO banks in the disclosure regime, especially for those covered in the news. Finally, we observe that bank failure accelerates despite improvements in capital ratios and asset quality. Overall, our research provides new insights on the disclosure of regulatory actions.
APLAR recommendations on the practice of telemedicine in rheumatology
Authors: Ahmed Sakir , Grainger Rebecca , Santosa Anindita , Adnan Asal , Alnaqbi Khalid A. , Chen Yi‐Hsing , Kavadichanda Chengappa , Kaw Nang San Kyauk , Kelly Amy , Khan Saira Elaine Anwer , Masri Basel , Nakarmi Shweta , Parlindungan Faisal , Rahman Nazibur , So Ho , Soroush Mohsen Ghasemzadeh , Thilakarathne Amal Sithira , Traboco Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to rapid and widespread adoption of telemedicine in rheumatology care. The Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) working group was tasked with developing evidence‐based recommendations for rheumatology practice to guide maintenance of the highest possible standards of clinical care and to enable broad patient reach.Materials and methodsA systematic review of English‐language articles related to telehealth in rheumatology was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Web Of Science and Scopus. The strength of the evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach as well as the Oxford Levels of Evidence. The recommendations were developed using a modified Delphi technique to establish consensus.ResultsThree overarching principles and 13 recommendations were developed based on identified literature and consensus agreement. The overarching principles address telemedicine frameworks, decision‐making, and modality. Recommendations 1‐4 address patient suitability, triage, and when telemedicine should be offered to patients. Recommendations 5‐10 cover the procedure, including the means, data safety, fail‐safe mechanisms, and treat‐to‐target approach. Recommendations 11‐13 focus on training and education related to telerheumatology.ConclusionThese recommendations provide guidance for the approach and use of telemedicine in rheumatology care to guide highest possible standards of clinical care and to enable equitable patient reach. However, since evidence in telemedicine care in rheumatology is limited and emerging, most recommendations will need further consideration when more data are available.
Differences of clinicopathological features between IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Huanan , Wang Min , Xu Fenghuang , Guo Feng , Ye Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical and pathological features of IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) according to the latest classification criteria for IgG4‐related disease in 2019.MethodsPatients with IRF confirmed by histological examination from our hospital between 2000 and 2020 were selected in this study. Medical records of all patients were reviewed by independent researchers. Retroperitoneal specimens were obtained for hematoxylin & eosin staining, elastic‐collagenous fiber staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. The clinical and pathological features between IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related IRF were analyzed.ResultsA total of 105 patients were included with 77 in the IgG4‐related group and 28 in non‐IgG4‐related group. The ratio of male to female patients and the incidence of acute renal failure were significantly higher in the IgG4‐related group than in the non‐IgG4‐related group. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein were more common and the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the IgG4‐related group than in the non‐IgG4‐related group. Radiographically, the ureter was more easily involved by retroperitoneal soft tissue in the IgG4‐related group. Histologically, there were no significant differences in the incidence of dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis between the two groups except for the IgG4 staining.ConclusionsIdiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis can be classified into IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related subtypes. There were no significant pathological differences between the two subtypes of IRF, except for the IgG4 staining. Patients with the IgG4 subtype tended to be more likely to be male, have a higher inflammatory index, and be more likely to have recurrence.
Understanding International Organizations’ Headquarters as Ecosystems: The Case of Geneva
Authors: Dairon Emilie , Badache Fanny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this article is to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of an important but often neglected space of global governance: the cities in which the headquarters of international organizations (IOs) are located. For this purpose, this article proposes a conceptualization and an empirical application of the concept of ‘ecosystem’. This conceptualization builds on classic sociological ideas and organization theory to develop an innovative understanding of these cities which are more than mere hubs. We use this metaphor to describe an HQ city where one or several IOs have their seats. As a result, it is a space characterized by specific geographical and temporal features that can be qualified as spatial and temporal proximity between the elements composing the ecosystem. Based on original empirical sources, we apply this concept to the so‐called International Geneva. We argue that conceptualizing headquarters as ecosystems helps to consider how HQs’ location influences the daily work of IOs.
How Terrorism Does (and Does Not) Affect Citizens’ Political Attitudes: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Godefroidt Amélie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow does terrorism affect citizens’ political attitudes? Over the years, many scholars have tried to answer this question. This article performs a meta‐analysis on this literature, reviewing about 325 studies conducted between 1985 and 2020 on more than 400,000 respondents. The findings confirm that terrorism is associated—to a small but significant extent—with outgroup hostility, political conservatism and rally‐‘round‐the‐flag effects. At the same time, the effects of terrorism vary widely, with studies on Islamist violence, conducted in the United States or Israel, and using cross‐sectional data yielding stronger results on average. Finally, the review reveals remaining gaps in this field of study, including a lack of research on non‐Islamist violence or conducted in non‐Western contexts. Taken together, this meta‐analysis consolidates existing evidence, determines which results hold across contexts, and identifies key gaps in our current knowledge. Its data can also be accessed interactively via a Shiny App.
Is CD25 blockade optimal in kidney transplant patients treated with basiliximab? A target‐mediated drug disposition model
Authors: Le Tilly Olivier , Gatault Philippe , Baron Christophe , Bejan‐Angoulvant Theodora , Büchler Matthias , Paintaud Gilles , Ternant David 
Published: January 2022

AimsBasiliximab, an anti‐CD25 chimeric monoclonal antibody, is approved in prevention of acute kidney transplant rejection. This study aims at investigating target‐mediated pharmacokinetics of basiliximab.MethodsData from the IDEALE study, where 16 kidney transplant patients were treated with 2 40‐ or 80‐mg basiliximab injections, were reanalysed. Basiliximab pharmacokinetics was described using a population 2‐compartment target‐mediated drug disposition model with the quasi‐steady‐state approximation.ResultsVolume of distribution was significantly higher in males (P = .029). Estimated baseline target antigen (CD25) level was lower is patients cotreated with cyclosporine (P = .026).ConclusionThis analysis allows the first description of the target‐mediated nonlinear elimination of basiliximab. Our results suggest that cyclosporine cotreatment is associated with decreased target level and that an optimized dosing regimen may improve basiliximab effects.
Long‐term renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease following radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Reddy Sharath , Nguyen Charles , Douglawi Antoin , Ladi‐Seyedian Sanam , Roberts Sidney , Ghoreifi Alireza , Ghodoussipour Saum , Bhanvadia Sumeet K. , Djaladat Hooman , Schuckman Anne , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage IIIa who underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder (RC/ONB) compared to matched controls.Patients and MethodsUsing our Institutional Review Board‐approved institutional database, patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 45–59.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 who underwent RC/ONB were identified. A control group of patients with a GFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was selected. Groups were matched based on age, baseline hypertension/diabetes mellitus, perioperative chemotherapy, and preoperative hydronephrosis. A decrease in GFR of >10 mL/min/1.73 m2 during the follow‐up was considered significant. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of GFR decline in each group.ResultsOf 1237 patients who underwent RC/ONB, 508 patients were included (254 per group). The mean preoperative GFR was 53.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the study group and 78.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 in controls. The median follow‐up was 3.7 years. During follow‐up, GFR stayed at or above baseline in 51% of the study patients compared to 46% of the controls (P = 0.5). The mean time to a significant GFR decline in the study patients was significantly longer compared to the controls (5.6 vs 2 years, respectively; P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was found to be the strongest predictor of a significant GFR decline as well as GFR decline below baseline (hazard ratio [HR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–3.29, P = 0.004; and HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.4–3.29, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionPatients with CKD Stage IIIa who undergo ONB appear to have comparable long‐term renal function to those with a GFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. An ONB reconstruction is a safe option for patients with CKD Stage IIIa desiring a continent diversion.
Contemporary diagnosis and management of pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction
Authors: Rai Arun , Hsieh Alan , Smith Arthur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is defined as a functionally significant impairment of the flow of urine from the kidney’s renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. Symptomatically, the patient may experience flank pain, recurrent infections, stone formation, and impairment of renal function. Although many cases of intrinsic PUJO are diagnosed at birth, a minority of patients may present in adulthood with previously silent disease or develop secondary PUJO to other causes. PUJO is therefore broadly categorised into both primary and secondary PUJO. A wide array of diagnostic scans and tests are available to aid in diagnosing and monitoring patients with PUJO. In patients with compromised renal function or symptomatic PUJO that require intervention, minimally invasive techniques are the ‘gold standard’ for surgical intervention. This review will detail the endoscopic, laparoscopic, and robotic options available to the urologist practicing in 2021, including the use of autografts and other emerging technologies.
What are the benefits and harms of surgical management options for adult‐acquired buried penis? A systematic review
Authors: Falcone Marco , Sokolakis Ioannis , Capogrosso Paolo , Yuan Yuhong , Salonia Andrea , Minhas Suks , Dimitropoulos Konstantinos , Russo Giorgio Ivan ,   the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines working on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health and EAU‐Young Academic Urologists (EAU‐YAU) Sexual and Reproductive Health Working Group
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo systematically review the literature to determine the benefits and harms of the surgical techniques used for the correction of adult‐acquired buried penis (AABP).Materials and methodsThe systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021267440) and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Pariser system was used to classify surgical procedures.ResultsIn total, 170 studies were identified and screened, and 21 studies (570 patients) were included. In general, high‐complexity reconstructive procedures (category > III) were performed, with split‐thickness skin grafts for shaft reconstruction. The pooled mean operating time was 192.2 min and the mean estimated blood loss range was 57–326 mL. No intra‐operative complications were recorded. The incidence of postoperative complications varied across studies (0–80.8%), with >Grade 4 complications reported in 3.1–3.7% of cases. Wound infection and genital lymphoedema were reported in 4.7–33% and 7.1–60% of cases, respectively. The incidence of graft contracture and partial/total loss was 2.4–14.3% and 1.5–21%, respectively. The incidence of recurrence was not systematically reported and ranged from 5.2% to 13%. Postoperative evaluation of functional outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in sexual function, urinary function and cosmesis. Assessment of risk of bias demonstrated a high risk of bias across all studies.ConclusionsSurgical management of AABP has a high incidence of complications but results in satisfactory outcomes, with significant improvement in patients' quality of life. The high incidence of graft‐related complications should be taken into account when counselling patients and AABP care should be centralized to high‐volume centres.
Adolescents with congenital limb reduction deficiency: Perceptions of treatment during childhood and its meaning for their current and future situation
Authors: Sjöberg Lis , Hermansson Liselotte , Lindner Helen , Fredriksson Carin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with congenital limb reduction deficiency live with the decisions made by their parents and healthcare professionals about treatments to be carried out during the first years of life. To understand better the meaning of treatment during childhood, it is necessary to listen to adolescents who have had this experience. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of adolescents with congenital limb reduction deficiency concerning the treatment they received during childhood and what it meant to them currently and in the future.MethodsA descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 adolescents (six girls and four boys) with upper and/or lower limb reduction deficiency, median age 17.5 years (range 16–19). The interview data were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.ResultsThe treatment received during childhood had contributed to shaping the adolescents, as shown in the emerging description categories Creating opportunities, Choosing one's own path and Belonging in a context. Their current situation fell into three categories: A continuous journey, indicating that they still used the skills learned during childhood; Leaving the door open, indicating that they were not currently using the skills learned during childhood, but felt that there could be opportunities ahead; and Closing a chapter, indicating that they had stopped using their prosthesis or assistive devices and no longer needed those skills. Further, the adolescents' thoughts about the future are portrayed in the categories Uncertainty about the future and Confidence about the future.ConclusionsAn understanding of the meaning of treatment received during childhood may help improve the delivery of treatment and continued support to meet the needs of children with congenital limb reduction deficiency in the short and long term.
Parents' school‐related concerns and perceived strengths in youth with spina bifida
Authors: Winning Adrien M. , Ridosh Monique , Wartman Elicia , Kritikos Tessa , Friedman Catherine , Starnes Meredith , Crowe Autumn N. , Holmbeck Grayson N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the academic difficulties of children with spina bifida (SB) are well‐documented, there is limited literature on parents' views of their children's school experiences and school‐related supportive services. Thus, the current study examined parents' school‐related concerns, as well as perceived areas of strength, among children with SB.MethodsUsing a mixed‐methods approach, 30 families (29 mothers and 19 fathers) of children with SB (ages 8–15 years) completed questionnaires and interviews. Content analysis was used to generate themes from interview data about parents' school‐related concerns and perceptions of their child's strengths.ResultsOverall, six themes emerged when assessing both parents' concerns and perceived strengths. Some parents did not endorse school concerns or strengths for their child. However, other parents described concerns related to academic performance, cognitive abilities, lack of school support, missed school and/or class time and disengagement, as well as strengths such as academic skills, cognitive abilities, persistence, self‐advocacy and agreeableness. Despite parents' concerns about their children's academic performance, quantitative data revealed that less than 50% of children had received a neuropsychological evaluation and/or academic accommodations; additional quantitative data supported the qualitative findings.ConclusionsThe mixed‐methods approach used in this study provides a richer understanding of parents' experiences in the school setting when they have a child with SB. Results can inform clinical practice, identifying a need to improve academic support for children with SB and help parents manage education‐related stressors.