bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the perforation process of concrete targets against the impact by nondeforming projectiles
Authors: Mu Zhongcheng , Hu Yile , Wang Wei , Yi Ji Yuan , Cheng Xuebin , Wu Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe perforation of concrete‐like material targets against impact by nondeforming projectiles is always the research focus in engineering protective domain. In the present paper, a new punching plug model is proposed based on the similar features with punching shear in concrete slabs, utilizing the failure criterion of modified Mohr‐Coulomb. Semi‐empirical equations corresponding to ballistic limit, residual velocity, punching plug thickness are derived, where residual velocity is renewedly identified considering the effect of punching plug resistance. Eventually, the proposed punching plug model is validated and discussed by comparisons with perforation experiments.
“Fishing Smart”: Bioeconomic Optimization of Fishing Strategies in an Australian Mollusk Fishery
Authors: Stobart Ben , Mayfield Stephen , McGarvey Richard , Carlin Lisa , Morison Julian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent declines in the biomass of wild abalone populations around Australia are leaving fisheries with low catches, declining profitability, and an uncertain future. Using the abalone fisheries in the western zone of South Australia, we investigate ways to help mitigate these changes by “fishing smart.” We use a two‐pronged approach to demonstrate (1) considerable benefits to fishing abalone during specific months of the year and (2) that fishing profitability can benefit considerably from fleet rationalization. This was achieved by (1) using the seasonally variable biology of abalone to increase fishing efficiency and (2) analyzing the economic benefit of reducing fleet size and fishing season. We demonstrate that profitability can be improved by changing the timing of fishing and amending fleet size as the total allowable commercial catch changes. We show that information on the seasonally variable biology of greenlip abalone Haliotis laevigata and blacklip abalone H. rubra can be used to increase net economic return, reduce exploitation rates, or achieve a combination of these two management objectives. The outputs identify clear economic and biological benefits to altering monthly fishing effort for both species. A cost–benefit analysis contrasted restructure scenarios that involved combinations of changes in fishing season and fleet size with a status quo baseline.
Numerical investigation of the influence of shear and thermal stratification on the wind turbine tip‐vortex stability
Authors: Hodgkin Amy , Laizet Sylvain , Deskos Georgios 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe interaction between wind turbine wakes and atmospheric turbulence is characterised by complex dynamics. In this study, two major components of the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics have been isolated, namely, the mean velocity profile shear and the thermal stratification, to examine their impact on the near‐wake development by undertaking a series of highly resolved large‐eddy simulations. Subsequently, instantaneous flow fields are extracted from the simulations and used to conduct Fourier analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and compute the mean kinetic energy fluxes by different POD modes to better understand the tip‐vortex instability mechanisms. Our findings indicate that shear can significantly affect the breakup of the wind turbine tip‐vortices and the shape and stable length of the wake, whereas thermal stratification seems to only have limited contribution to the spatial development of the near‐wake field. Finally, our analysis shows that the applied perturbation frequency determines the tip‐vortex breakup location as it controls the onset of the mutual inductance instability.
Einleitung
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Unterricht von heterogenen Schüler*innengruppen sind Lernschwierigkeiten ein konstitutiver Bestandteil. Besonders im Fach Mathematik ist diese Thematik Gegenstand zahlreicher Diskussionen und Untersuchungen geworden. Der Umgang mit den Lernschwierigkeiten von Schüler*innen ist besonders vor dem Hintergrund der Forderung nach der Berücksichtigung von Verschiedenheit und der Förderung der Potentiale aller Schüler*innen eine zentrale Herausforderung für Lehrkräfte.
Fragestellung und Hypothesen
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm theoretischen Teil dieser Arbeit wurde ein Rahmenkonzept zu Handlungskompetenzen von Lehrkräften entwickelt, die sich auf die Motivierung von Schüler*innen beziehen. Als zentrales Desiderat wurde eine vertiefende Untersuchung der Aspekte der professionellen Kompetenz, motiviertes Lernen zu fördern (KMLF) herausgestellt. Dabei interessiert im Rahmen dieses Projekts, wie sich Facetten dieser Kompetenz im Rahmen eines Veranstaltungskonzepts zur Förderung der KMLF entwickeln (Studie 1; ausführlicher in Abschnitt 5.1)
Stichproben
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Studienteilnehmer*innen sind Mathematik-Lehramtsstudierende der Sekundarstufenlehrämter Gymnasium und Gesamtschule mit Sek II- Befähigung (GymGe) und Haupt-, Real-, Sekundar- und Gesamtschule ohne Sek II- Befähigung (HRSGe). Die Studierenden belegen die Veranstaltung im Rahmen ihres Bachelor-Studiums als Berufsfeldbezogene Praxisstudie, deren Studium für das 4. oder 5. Fachsemester vorgesehen ist und in dem außerunterrichtliche Felder des Lehrer*innenberufs kennengelernt werden sollen.
Rahmenbedingungen, Voraussetzungen und Durchführung
Authors: Bertagnolli Frank , Bludau Simon , Fetzer Lea , Hadamek Lucas , Herrmann Tayla , Treick Amy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel erläutert die Rahmenbedingungen und Voraussetzungen, die für eine Durchführung eines Hochschul-Bienenprojektes erforderlich sind. Dabei wird, anhand des Praxisbeispiels BEEsy Mission, die Planung und das Projektmanagement, die Beschaffung sowie die Umsetzung des Bienenprojektes vorgestellt. Zudem werden je Abschnitt Checklisten mit allen zu berücksichtigenden Aspekten zur Verfügung gestellt.
Durchführung als Lehrveranstaltung
Authors: Bertagnolli Frank , Bludau Simon , Fetzer Lea , Hadamek Lucas , Herrmann Tayla , Treick Amy 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Hochschule Pforzheim zeichnet sich durch ihre Interdisziplinarität aus. Dies ergibt sich aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln auf Themenstellungen durch die drei Fakultäten Gestaltung, Technik sowie Wirtschaft und Recht. Aus Sicht der Lehrenden stellt sich die Frage, wie Studierende mit ihrer jeweiligen Fachrichtung und ihren Kompetenzen an einem gemeinsamen Projekt arbeiten und lernen können.
Universal structure of radiative QED amplitudes at one loop
Authors: Engel T. , Signer A. , Ulrich Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present two novel results about the universal structure of radiative QED amplitudes in the soft and in the collinear limit. On the one hand, we extend the well-known Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem to the one-loop level and give the explicit relation between the radiative and non-radiative amplitude at subleading power in the soft limit. On the other hand, we consider a factorisation formula at leading power in the limit where the emitted photon becomes collinear to a light fermion and provide the corresponding one-loop splitting function. In addition to being interesting in their own right these findings are particularly relevant in the context of fully-differential higher-order QED calculations. One of the main challenges in this regard is the numerical stability of radiative contributions in the soft and collinear regions. The results presented here allow for a stabilisation of real­virtual amplitudes in these delicate phase-space regions by switching to the corresponding approximation without the need of explicit computations.
Classical conformal blocks, Coulomb gas integrals and Richardson-Gaudin models
Authors: Piątek M. R. , Nazmitdinov R. G. , Puente A. , Pietrykowski A. R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Virasoro conformal blocks are universal ingredients of correlation functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFTs) with Virasoro symmetry. It is acknowledged that in the (classical) limit of large central charge of the Virasoro algebra and large external, and intermediate conformal weights with fixed ratios of these parameters Virasoro blocks exponentiate to functions known as Zamolodchikovs’ classical blocks. The latter are special functions which have awesome mathematical and physical applications. Uniformization, monodromy problems, black holes physics, quantum gravity, entanglement, quantum chaos, holography, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theory and quantum integrable systems (QIS) are just some of contexts, where classical Virasoro blocks are in use. In this paper, exploiting known connections between power series and integral representations of (quantum) Virasoro blocks, we propose new finite closed formulae for certain multi-point classical Virasoro blocks on the sphere. Indeed, combining classical limit of Virasoro blocks expansions with a saddle point asymptotics of Dotsenko-Fateev (DF) integrals one can relate classical Virasoro blocks with a critical value of the “Dotsenko-Fateev matrix model action”. The latter is the “DF action” evaluated on a solution of saddle point equations which take the form of Bethe equations for certain QIS (Gaudin spin models). A link with integrable models is our main motivation for this research line. For instance, analogous quantities as the “DF on-shell action” appear in 2d CFT realization of the so-called Richardson’s solution of the reduced BCS model describing physics of ultra-small superconducting grains. Precisely, the Richardson solution and its particular limit characterizing the rational Gaudin model have known implementation in 2d CFT in terms of a free field representation of certain (perturbed and unperturbed) WZW blocks. The WZW analogue of the “DF on-shell action” appears here and plays a crucial role, it is a generating function for eigenvalues of quantum integrals of motion. An exploration of relationships between power expansions and Coulomb gas representations of the aforementioned WZW blocks could pave a way for new analytical tools useful in the study of models of the Richardson-Gaudin type.
Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model
Authors: Deng Lei , Wojciech Lukasz , Png Chin Wen , Koh Eileen Yiling , Aung Thet Tun , Kioh Dorinda Yan Qin , Chan Eric Chun Yong , Malleret Benoit , Zhang Yongliang , Peng Guangneng , Gascoigne Nicholas Robert John , Tan Kevin Shyong Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Blastocystis is a common gut protistan parasite in humans and animals worldwide, but its interrelationship with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune responses remains poorly understood. Different murine models of Blastocystis colonization were used to examine the effect of a common Blastocystis subtype (ST4) on host gut microbial community and adaptive immune system.

Results
Blastocystis ST4-colonized normal healthy mice and Rag1−/− mice asymptomatically and was able to alter the microbial community composition, mainly leading to increases in the proportion of Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. Blastocystis ST4 colonization promoted T helper 2 (Th2) response defined by interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 cytokine production, and T regulatory (Treg) induction from colonic lamina propria in normal healthy mice. Additionally, we observed that Blastocystis ST4 colonization can maintain the stability of bacterial community composition and induce Th2 and Treg immune responses to promote faster recovery from experimentally induced colitis. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation of Blastocystis ST4-altered gut microbiome to colitis mice reduced the severity of colitis, which was associated with increased production of short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Conclusions
The data confirm our hypothesis that Blastocystis ST4 is a beneficial commensal, and the beneficial effects of Blastocystis ST4 colonization is mediated through modulating of the host gut bacterial composition, SCFAs production, and Th2 and Treg responses in different murine colonization models.
PI(4,5)P2 controls slit diaphragm formation and endocytosis in Drosophila nephrocytes
Authors: Gass Maximilian M. , Borkowsky Sarah , Lotz Marie-Luise , Siwek Rebecca , Schröter Rita , Nedvetsky Pavel , Luschnig Stefan , Rohlmann Astrid , Missler Markus , Krahn Michael P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrosophila nephrocytes are an emerging model system for mammalian podocytes and proximal tubules as well as for the investigation of kidney diseases. Like podocytes, nephrocytes exhibit characteristics of epithelial cells, but the role of phospholipids in polarization of these cells is yet unclear. In epithelia, phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) are asymmetrically distributed in the plasma membrane and determine apical–basal polarity. Here, we demonstrate that both phospholipids are present in the plasma membrane of nephrocytes, but only PI(4,5)P2 accumulates at slit diaphragms. Knockdown of Skittles, a phosphatidylinositol(4)phosphate 5-kinase, which produces PI(4,5)P2, abolished slit diaphragm formation and led to strongly reduced endocytosis. Notably, reduction in PI(3,4,5)P3 by overexpression of PTEN or expression of a dominant-negative phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase did not affect nephrocyte function, whereas enhanced formation of PI(3,4,5)P3 by constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase resulted in strong slit diaphragm and endocytosis defects by ectopic activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, PI(4,5)P2 but not PI(3,4,5)P3 is essential for slit diaphragm formation and nephrocyte function. However, PI(3,4,5)P3 has to be tightly controlled to ensure nephrocyte development.
Platelets fine-tune effector responses of naïve CD4+ T cells via platelet factor 4-regulated transforming growth factor β signaling
Authors: Min Yanan , Hao Long , Liu Xinguang , Tan Shuai , Song Hui , Ni Hao , Sheng Zi , Jooss Natalie , Liu Xuena , Malmström Rickard E. , Sun Yang , Liu Jianguo , Tang Hua , Zhang Hao , Ma Chunhong , Peng Jun , Hou Ming , Li Nailin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
Platelets are an able regulator of CD4+ T cell immunity. Herein, the mechanisms underlying platelet-regulated effector responses of naïve CD4+ T (Tn) cells were investigated.

Methods
Platelet–Tn cell co-cultures of human cells, genetically modified murine models, and high-throughput bioinformatic analyses were combined to elucidate molecular mechanisms of platelet-dependent regulation.

Results
Platelets exerted sophisticated regulation on effector responses of type 1, 2, and 17 T helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, in time-, concentration-, and organ-dependent manners and with close cooperation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). PF4 at low concentrations reinforced TGFβ signaling by heteromerizing with type III TGFβ receptor (TGFBRIII), and subsequently enhanced TGFBRII expression and TGFβ signaling. High-concentration PF4 had, however, opposite effects by directly binding to TGFBRII, blocking TGFβ–TGFBRII ligation, and thus inhibiting TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, platelet depletion markedly hampered Treg and Th17 responses in the spleen but not in the lymph nodes, blockade of platelet–Tn cell contact diminished platelet effects, while spleen injection of PF4-immobilized microparticles in PF4-deficient mice mimicked platelet effects, suggesting the importance of direct platelet–Tn contact and platelet-bound PF4 for the optimal regulatory effects by platelets.

Conclusion
Platelets exert context-dependent regulations on effector responses of Tn cells via PF4-TGFβ duet, suggesting new possibilities of platelet-targeted interventions of T cell immunity.
Maximal $$L^1$$-regularity for parabolic initial-boundary value problems with inhomogeneous data
Authors: Ogawa Takayoshi , Shimizu Senjo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnd-point maximal$$L^1$$L1-regularity for parabolic initial-boundary value problems is considered. For the inhomogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann data, maximal$$L^1$$L1-regularity for initial-boundary value problems is established in time end-point case upon the homogeneous Besov space$${\dot{B}}_{p,1}^s({\mathbb {R}}^n_+)$$B˙p,1s(R+n)with$$1< p< \infty $$1<p<∞and$$-1+1/p<s\le 0$$-1+1/p<s≤0as well as optimal trace estimates. The main estimates obtained here are sharp in the sense of trace estimates and it is not available by known theory on the class of UMD Banach spaces. We utilize a method of harmonic analysis, in particular, the almost orthogonal properties between the boundary potentials of the Dirichlet and the Neumann boundary data and the Littlewood-Paley dyadic decomposition of unity in the Besov and the Lizorkin–Triebel spaces.
The effect of technological behaviour and beliefs on subjective well-being: the role of technological infrastructure
Authors: Degli Antoni Giacomo , Franco Chiara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to investigate the role of technological infrastructures in the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and the use of technological goods on the one hand, and between SWB and technological attitudes on the other. We use the sixth wave of the World Value Survey, which allows us to have comparable data for 60 countries over the period 2010–2014. We show that the use of internet as a means of collecting information is associated with different levels of SWB depending on the efficiency of the technological infrastructure. Moreover, we find a positive, though not always statistically significant, association between scientific and technological attitudes and SWB and show that this relation is stronger in areas with less efficient technological structures. The focus on the linkage between technological infrastructure and SWB paves the way for policy interventions aimed at promoting a coherent development of technological access, use and beliefs.
Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation
Authors: Ooka Masato , Zhao Jinghua , Shah Pranav , Travers Jameson , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Xu Xin , Huang Ruili , Ferguson Stephen , Witt Kristine L. , Smith-Roe Stephanie L. , Simeonov Anton , Xia Menghang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrently, approximately 80,000 chemicals are used in commerce. Most have little-to-no toxicity information. The U.S. Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) program has conducted a battery of in vitro assays using a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) platform to gain toxicity information on environmental chemicals. Due to technical challenges, standard methods for providing xenobiotic metabolism could not be applied to qHTS assays. To address this limitation, we screened the Tox21 10,000-compound (10K) library, with concentrations ranging from 2.8 nM to 92 µM, using a p53 beta-lactamase reporter gene assay (p53-bla) alone or with rat liver microsomes (RLM) or human liver microsomes (HLM) supplemented with NADPH, to identify compounds that induce p53 signaling after biotransformation. Two hundred and seventy-eight compounds were identified as active under any of these three conditions. Of these 278 compounds, 73 gave more potent responses in the p53-bla assay with RLM, and 2 were more potent in the p53-bla assay with HLM compared with the responses they generated in the p53-bla assay without microsomes. To confirm the role of metabolism in the differential responses, we re-tested these 75 compounds in the absence of NADPH or with heat-attenuated microsomes. Forty-four compounds treated with RLM, but none with HLM, became less potent under these conditions, confirming the role of RLM in metabolic activation. Further evidence of biotransformation was obtained by measuring the half-life of the parent compounds in the presence of microsomes. Together, the data support the use of RLM in qHTS for identifying chemicals requiring biotransformation to induce biological responses.
Circulating Exosomes from Mice with LPS-Induced Bone Loss Inhibit Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Zhang Lijun , Wang Ke , Zhou Hua , Li Gaozhi , Xu Liqun , Hu Zebing , Cao Xinsheng , Shi Fei , Zhang Shu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoimmunology focuses on the intermodulation between bone and the immune system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss models are commonly used to investigate the interface between inflammation and osteoporosis. Circulating exosomes can regulate physiological and pathological processes through exosomal microRNAs and proteins. In this study, we observed reduced osteoblast number and bone formation in LPS-induced bone loss mice (LPS mice). Levels of circulating exosomes were increased by ~ twofold in LPS mice, and the expression of exosomal miRNAs was significantly changed. miRNAs (miRNA-125b-5p, miRNA-132-3p, and miRNA-214-3p) that were reported to inhibit osteoblast activity were significantly increased in the serum exosomes and bone tissues of LPS mice. Additionally, LPS-induced increases in exosomes significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
A rapid and efficient strategy to identify and recover biosynthetic gene clusters from soil metagenomes
Authors: Negri Timo , Mantri Shrikant , Angelov Angel , Peter Silke , Muth Günther , Eustáquio Alessandra S. , Ziemert Nadine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Culture-independent metagenomic approaches offer a promising solution to the discovery of therapeutically relevant compounds such as antibiotics by enabling access to the hidden biosynthetic potential of microorganisms. These strategies, however, often entail laborious, multi-step, and time-consuming procedures to recover the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from soil metagenomes for subsequent heterologous expression. Here, we developed an efficient method we called single Nanopore read cluster mining (SNRCM), which enables the fast recovery of complete BGCs from a soil metagenome using long- and short-read sequencing. A metagenomic fosmid library of 83,700 clones was generated and sequenced using Nanopore as well as Illumina technologies. Hybrid assembled contigs of the sequenced fosmid library were subsequently analyzed to identify BGCs encoding secondary metabolites. Using SNRCM, we aligned the identified BGCs directly to Nanopore long-reads and were able to detect complete BGCs on single fosmids. This enabled us to select for and recover BGCs of interest for subsequent heterologous expression attempts. Additionally, the sequencing data of the fosmid library and its corresponding metagenomic DNA enabled us to assemble and recover a large nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) BGC from three different fosmids of our library and to directly amplify and recover a complete lasso peptide BGC from the high-quality metagenomic DNA. Overall, the strategies presented here provide a useful tool for accelerating and facilitating the identification and production of potentially interesting bioactive compounds from soil metagenomes.

Key points
• An efficient approach for the recovery of BGCs from soil metagenomes was developed to facilitate natural product discovery.
• A fosmid library was constructed from soil metagenomic HMW DNA and sequenced via Illumina and Nanopore.
• Nanopore long-reads enabled the direct identification and recovery of complete BGCs on single fosmids.