bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin patterning and internal anatomy in a fossil moonfish from the Eocene Bolca Lagerstätte illuminate the ecology of ancient reef fish communities
Authors: Rossi Valentina , Unitt Richard , McNamara Maria , Zorzin Roberto , Carnevale Giorgio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColour patterning in extant animals can be used as a reliable indicator of their biology and, in extant fish, can inform on feeding strategy. Fossil fish with preserved colour patterns may thus illuminate the evolution of fish behaviour and community structure, but are understudied. Here we report preserved melanin‐based integumentary colour patterning and internal anatomy of the fossil moonfish Mene rhombea (Menidae) from the Bolca Lagerstätte (Eocene (Ypresian), north‐east Italy). The melanosome‐based longitudinal stripes of M. rhombea differ from the dorsal rows of black spots in its extant relative M. maculata, suggesting that the ecology of moonfish has changed during the Cenozoic. Extant moonfish are coastal schooling fish that feed on benthic invertebrates, but the longitudinal stripes and stomach contents with fish remains in M. rhombea suggest unstructured open marine ecologies and a piscivorous diet. The localized distribution of extant moonfish species in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean may reflect, at least in part, tectonically‐driven reorganization of global oceanographic patterns during the Cenozoic. It is likely that shifts in habitat and colour patterning genes promoted colour pattern evolution in the menid lineage.
Plant metabolism and defence strategies in the flowering stage: Time‐dependent responses of leaves and flowers under attack
Authors: Chrétien Lucille T. S. , Khalil Alix , Gershenzon Jonathan , Lucas‐Barbosa Dani , Dicke Marcel , Giron David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlants developing into the flowering stage undergo major physiological changes. Because flowers are reproductive tissues and resource sinks, strategies to defend them may differ from those for leaves. Thus, this study investigates the defences of flowering plants by assessing processes that sustain resistance (constitutive and induced) and tolerance to attack. We exposed the annual plant Brassica nigra to three distinct floral attackers (caterpillar, aphid and bacterial pathogen) and measured whole‐plant responses at 4, 8 and 12 days after the attack. We simultaneously analysed profiles of primary and secondary metabolites in leaves and inflorescences and measured dry biomass of roots, leaves and inflorescences as proxies of resource allocation and regrowth. Regardless of treatments, inflorescences contained 1.2 to 4 times higher concentrations of primary metabolites than leaves, and up to 7 times higher concentrations of glucosinolates, which highlights the plant's high investment of resources into inflorescences. No induction of glucosinolates was detected in inflorescences, but the attack transiently affected the total concentration of soluble sugars in both leaves and inflorescences. We conclude that B. nigra evolved high constitutive rather than inducible resistance to protect their flowers; plants additionally compensated for damage by attackers via the regrowth of reproductive parts. This strategy may be typical of annual plants.
The co‐chaperone HOP participates in TIR1 stabilisation and in auxin response in plants
Authors: Muñoz Alfonso , Mangano Silvina , Toribio René , Fernández‐Calvino Lourdes , del Pozo Juan C. , Castellano M. Mar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHOP (HSP70‐HSP90 organising protein) is a conserved family of co‐chaperones well known in mammals for its role in the folding of signalling proteins associated with development. In plants, HOP proteins have been involved in the response to multiple stresses, but their role in plant development remains elusive. Herein, we describe that the members of the HOP family participate in different aspects of plant development as well as in the response to warm temperatures through the regulation of auxin signalling. Arabidopsis hop1 hop2 hop3 triple mutant shows different auxin‐related phenotypes and a reduced auxin sensitivity. HOP interacts with TIR1 auxin coreceptor in vivo. Furthermore, TIR1 accumulation and auxin transcriptional response are reduced in the hop1 hop2 hop3 triple mutant, suggesting that HOP's function in auxin signalling is related, at least, to TIR1 interaction and stabilisation. Interestingly, HOP proteins form part of the same complexes as SGT1b (a different HSP90 co‐chaperone) and these co‐chaperones synergistically cooperate in auxin signalling. This study provides relevant data about the role of HOP in auxin regulation in plants and uncovers that both co‐chaperones, SGT1b and HOP, cooperate in the stabilisation of common targets involved in plant development.
Fillable and unfillable gaps in plant transcriptome under field and controlled environments
Authors: Hashida Yoichi , Tezuka Ayumi , Nomura Yasuyuki , Kamitani Mari , Kashima Makoto , Kurita Yuko , Nagano Atsushi J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe differences between plants grown in field and in controlled environments have long been recognized. However, few studies have addressed the underlying molecular mechanisms. To evaluate plant responses to fluctuating environments using laboratory equipment, we developed SmartGC, a high‐performance growth chamber that reproduces the fluctuating irradiance, temperature and humidity of field environments. We analysed massive transcriptome data of rice plants grown under field and SmartGC conditions to clarify the differences in plant responses to field and controlled environments. Rice transcriptome dynamics in SmartGC mimicked those in the field, particularly during the morning and evening but those in conventional growth chamber conditions did not. Further analysis revealed that fluctuation of irradiance affects transcriptome dynamics in the morning and evening, while fluctuation of temperature affects transcriptome dynamics only in the morning. We found upregulation of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress, and their expression was affected by environmental factors that cannot be mimicked by SmartGC. Our results reveal fillable and unfillable gaps in the transcriptomes of rice grown in field and controlled environments and can accelerate the understanding of plant responses to field environments for both basic biology and agricultural applications.
Recovery after long‐term summer drought: Hydraulic measurements reveal legacy effects in trunks of Picea abies but not in Fagus sylvatica
Authors: Knüver T. , Bär A. , Ganthaler A. , Gebhardt T. , Grams T. E. E. , Häberle K.‐H. , Hesse B. D. , Losso A. , Tomedi I. , Mayr S. , Beikircher B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of summer droughts. Sufficient drought resistance, the ability to acclimate to and/or recover after drought, is thus crucial for forest tree species. However, studies on the hydraulics of mature trees during and after drought in natura are scarce.

In this study, we analysed trunk water content (electrical resistivity: ER) and further hydraulic (water potential, sap flow density, specific hydraulic conductivity, vulnerability to embolism) as well as wood anatomical traits (tree ring width, conduit diameter, conduit wall reinforcement) of drought‐stressed (artificially induced summer drought via throughfall‐exclusion) and unstressed Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica trees.

In P. abies, ER indicated a strong reduction in trunk water content after 5 years of summer drought, corresponding to significantly lower pre‐dawn leaf water potential and xylem sap flow density. Vulnerability to embolism tended to be higher in drought‐stressed trees. In F. sylvatica, only small differences between drought‐stressed and control trees were observed.

Re‐watering led to a rapid increase in water potentials and xylem sap flow of both drought‐stressed trees, and to increased growth rates in the next growing season. ER analyses revealed lower trunk water content in P. abies trees growing on throughfall‐exclusion plots even 1 year after re‐watering, indicating a limited capacity to restore internal water reserves. Results demonstrated that P. abies is more susceptible to recurrent summer drought than F. sylvatica, and can exhibit long‐lasting and pronounced legacy effects in trunk water reserves.
Exogenous melatonin improves the resistance to cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans
Authors: Li Lele , Du Changxia , Wang Lu , Lai Mengxia , Fan Huaifu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans (Psl) is a bacterial pathogen that causes cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot (BALS). It is known that melatonin (MT), as a pleiotropic signal molecule, can improve plant stress tolerance, but less information is available about the function of MT on plant resistance to bacteria disease. Here, we investigated the effect of MT on cucumber BALS. Our results show that MT inhibited the bacteria Psl growth significantly in vitro and attenuated cucumber BALS remarkably in vivo. The concentration of bacteria in leaves treated with 0.1 mM MT was approximately 10,000 times reduced at 5 days‐post‐inoculation (dpi), compared to the control without MT. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 225 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced in leaves after just MT treatment for 3 h. The functions of these DEGs were mainly associated with hormone signal transduction, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and photosynthesis, suggesting that MT could regulate plant growth and induce plant immunity. Moreover, 665 DEGs were induced when leaves were treated with exogenous MT in combination with the bacteria inoculation for 12 h. The functions of these DEGs were much related to plant–pathogen interaction, hormone signal transduction, and amino acids biosynthesis pathways. Many MT‐induced DEGs were involved in some distinct signal transduction pathways, such as calmodulin (CaM), polyamines (PAs), nitric oxide (NO), and salicylic acid (SA). The physiological analysis shows that exogenous MT spray reduced the stomatal aperture and enhanced the activities of antioxidant and defense enzymes, which were in consistent with the results of the transcriptome analysis. In addition, MT may function in regulating the metabolic balance between plant growth and defense. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MT could alleviate the cucumber BALS via inhibiting propagation and invasion of Psl, activating plant signaling, enhancing antioxidative and defense systems, inducing stress‐related genes expression, and regulating the plant growth‐defense balance.
Fatigue of hip abductor muscles implies neuromuscular and kinematic adaptations of the ankle during dynamic balance
Authors: Dury Jeanne , Michel Fabrice , Ravier Gilles 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveDetermine whether hip abductor muscle fatigue influenced ankle kinematic and muscle activity during ankle‐destabilized tasks.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsTwenty‐six healthy, active participants performed two tests (Star Excursion Balance Test, SEBT; Weight Bearing Inversion Test, WBIT) for assessment of dynamic balance and ability to control inversion. Participants were equipped with an ankle‐destabilizing sandal in inversion and eversion to perform both tests, which were completed before and after a fatiguing exercise of hip abductor muscles (up to 50% reduction in strength). Electromyographic activity of peroneus longus (PL) and brevis (PB), tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis (GastL) and gluteus medius (GlutM) muscles were recorded. In addition, ankle kinematics were recorded using an inertial measurement unit.ResultsHip abductor fatigue induced a significant decrease in SEBT scores in three directions (p < 0.01). During SEBT, ankle supination decreased by 3.2° in the anterior and posteromedial directions (p < 0.01). Muscle activity of GastL increased during achievement of three directions (p < 0.05) in response to hip abductor fatigue. In posteromedial direction, PL (p < 0.001) and GlutM (p < 0.01) activity increased with fatigue. During WBIT, inversion angular velocity was not impacted by fatigue while, PB and GastL activity increased after fatiguing exercise (p < 0.005).ConclusionA decrease in SEBT performance and EMG adaptations with proximal fatigue attest to the importance of the hip abductor muscle in dynamic postural control. This could have important implications in building injury prevention programs. Changes in ankle supination may reflect a protective strategy of the joint in response to hip fatigue.
A deep learning approach to detect blood vessels in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Maurya A. , Stanley R. J. , Lama N. , Jagannathan S. , Saeed D. , Swinfard S. , Hagerty J. R. , Stoecker W. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeBlood vessels called telangiectasia are visible in skin lesions with the aid of dermoscopy. Telangiectasia are a pivotal identifying feature of basal cell carcinoma. These vessels appear thready, serpiginous, and may also appear arborizing, that is, wide vessels branch into successively thinner vessels. Due to these intricacies, their detection is not an easy task, neither with manual annotation nor with computerized techniques. In this study, we automate the segmentation of telangiectasia in dermoscopic images with a deep learning U‐Net approach.MethodsWe apply a combination of image processing techniques and a deep learning‐based U‐Net approach to detect telangiectasia in digital basal cell carcinoma skin cancer images. We compare loss functions and optimize the performance by using a combination loss function to manage class imbalance of skin versus vessel pixels.ResultsWe establish a baseline method for pixel‐based telangiectasia detection in skin cancer lesion images. An analysis and comparison for human observer variability in annotation is also presented.ConclusionOur approach yields Jaccard score within the variation of human observers as it addresses a new aspect of the rapidly evolving field of deep learning: automatic identification of cancer‐specific structures. Further application of DL techniques to detect dermoscopic structures and handle noisy labels is warranted.
Human retinal dark adaptation tracked in vivo with the electroretinogram: insights into processes underlying recovery of cone‐ and rod‐mediated vision
Authors: Jiang Xiaofan , Mahroo Omar A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe substantial time taken for regaining visual sensitivity (dark adaptation) following bleaching exposures has been investigated for over a century. Psychophysical studies yielded the classic biphasic curve representing recovery of cone‐driven and rod‐driven vision. The electroretinogram (ERG) permits direct assessment of recovery at the level of the retina (photoreceptors, bipolar cells), with the first report over 70 years ago. Over the last two decades, ERG studies of dark adaptation have generated insights into underlying physiological processes. After large bleaches, rod photoreceptor circulating current, estimated from the rod‐isolated bright‐flash ERG a‐wave, takes 30 min to recover, indicating that products of bleaching, thought to be free opsin (unbound to 11‐cis‐retinal), continue to activate phototransduction, shutting off rod circulating current. In contrast, cone current, assessed with cone‐driven bright‐flash ERG a‐waves, recovers within 100 ms following similar exposures, suggesting that free opsin is less able to shut off cone current. The cone‐driven dim‐flash a‐wave can be used to track recovery of cone photopigment, showing regeneration is 'rate‐limited' rather than first order. Recoveries of the dim‐flash ERG b‐wave are consistent also with rate‐limited rod photopigment regeneration (where free opsin, desensitising the visual system as an 'equivalent background', is removed by rate‐limited delivery of 11‐cis‐retinal). These findings agree with psychophysical and retinal densitometry studies, although there are unexplained points of divergence. Post‐bleach ERG recovery has been explored in age‐related macular degeneration and in trials of visual cycle inhibitors for retinal diseases. ERG tracking of dark adaptation may prove useful in future clinical contexts.
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Frequency Response and Transfer Functions of Large Self-Similar Networks
Authors: Ni Xiangyu , Goodwine Bill 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Large-scale dynamical systems, no matter whether possessing interconnected appearances, are frequently modeled as networks. For instance, graphs, multi-agent systems, and materials' intricate behaviors are often treated as networked dynamical systems. However, only a few studies have approached the problem in the frequency domain, mostly due to the complexity of evaluating their frequency response. That gap is filled by this paper, which proposes algorithms computing a general class of self-similar networks' frequency response and transfer functions, no matter they are finite or infinite, damaged or undamaged. In addition, this paper shows that for infinite self-similar networks, even when they are damaged, fractional-order and irrational dynamics naturally come into sight. Most importantly, this paper illustrates that for a network under different operating conditions, its frequency response would form a set of neighboring plants, which sets the basis of applying robust control methods to dynamic networks.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Tandem Vanes for a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Fensterseifer Manuel , Sterle Laura , Böhle Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Conventional vane designs come with the disadvantage of flow detachment for high deflection. For axial machines, often tandem vanes are prevalent which combines two vanes for redirection of the flow and thus effectively prevents detachment. However, their application for radial machines has hardly been investigated so far. This study investigates the influence of tandem vanes on the performance in terms of head and efficiency of a centrifugal pump. First, different tandem designs were numerically investigated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For a selected tandem variant, the numerical results were validated by experimental investigations. The preceding numerical investigations were done stationary by using a single passage model to compare the performance of different tandem impellers with a conventional impeller (unsplit vane). Therefore, a method was developed to design tandem vanes from given undivided vanes. In this way, the influence of the offset in the circumferential direction and the angle of attack of the rear blade profile were systematically investigated. Transient CFD simulations have been done for a complete single-stage volute pump. In the experiments, the performance curves for both the conventional and tandem impeller were determined. The results of this study show that tandem blades can increase the pressure rise of a centrifugal pump while maintaining almost the same efficiency if a suitable combination of blade angle and offset in the circumferential direction of the rear blade has been selected. Furthermore, the CFD results show that the detachment can be prevented inside the impeller passage.
Bidirectional Daily Associations Between Accelerometer-Measured Sleep and Physical Activity in Brazilian High School Students
Authors: Malheiros Luís Eduardo Argenta , da Costa Bruno Gonçalves Galdino , Lopes Marcus Vinícius Veber , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , da Silva Kelly Samara 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study analyzed day-to-day estimates of bidirectional associations between sleep parameters and intensity-specific physical activity and assessed whether the timing of physical activity influences these relationships. Methods: The sample was comprised of 651 high school students (51.2% female, 16.33 [1.0] y old) from southern Brazil. Physical activity and sleep were measured using accelerometers. Multilevel models were applied to test associations of nocturnal total sleep time, onset, and efficiency with moderate to vigorous and light (LPA) physical activity. Results: Higher engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA was associated with increased total sleep time, and this effect was greater when physical activity was performed in the morning. Morning and evening LPA were associated with increased sleep efficiency and reduced total sleep time, respectively. Practice of LPA in the morning leads to early sleep onset, whereas evening LPA was associated with later onset. Higher total sleep time and later sleep onset were associated with lower moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA on the following day. However, higher sleep efficiency was associated with increased LPA. Conclusion: The relationship between sleep parameters and physical activity is bidirectional and dependent on physical activity intensity and timing.
Clinical decision support in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Lu Yuan , Melnick Edward R , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDespite considerable progress in tackling cardiovascular disease over the past 50 years, many gaps in the quality of care for cardiovascular disease remain. Multiple missed opportunities have been identified at every step in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, such as failure to make risk factor modifications, failure to diagnose cardiovascular disease, and failure to use proper evidence based treatments. With the digital transformation of medicine and advances in health information technology, clinical decision support (CDS) tools offer promise to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery of cardiovascular care. However, to date, the promise of CDS delivering scalable and sustained value for patient care in clinical practice has not been realized. This article reviews the evidence on key emerging questions around the development, implementation, and regulation of CDS with a focus on cardiovascular disease. It first reviews evidence on the effectiveness of CDS on healthcare process and clinical outcomes related to cardiovascular disease and design features associated with CDS effectiveness. It then reviews the barriers encountered during implementation of CDS in cardiovascular care, with a focus on unintended consequences and strategies to promote successful implementation. Finally, it reviews the legal and regulatory environment of CDS with specific examples for cardiovascular disease.
Creatine phosphate administration in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats: focus on differences between preconditioning, perconditioning, and postconditioning protocols
Authors: Gadzieva L , Bradic Jovana , Milosavljevic Isidora , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Bolevich Stefani , Bolevich Sergey , Jeremic Nevena , Alisultanovich-Omarov Israpil , Jeremic Jovana 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to examine and compare the influence of preconditioning, perconditioning, and postconditioning with creatine phosphate (PCr) on functional recovery and production of prooxidants in isolated rat hearts subjected to ex vivo ischemic–reperfusion (I–R) injury on a Langendorff apparatus. Wistar albino rats (male, n = 40) were divided into four groups: control and groups in which PCr (0.5 mmol/L, 5 min) was perfused before (Pre group), after (Post group), or during (Per group) ex vivo induced ischemia. PCr application was associated with the great benefits of preserving cardiac contractility (in Pre group 100.96% for +(d P/d t max) and 97.61% for −(d P/d t max), in Per group 96.72% for +(d P/d t max) and 95.60% for −(d P/d t max), and in Post group 143.84% for +(d P/d t max) and 104.36% for −(d P/d t max) in relation to the stabilization). In addition, PCr application prevented the increase in prooxidative markers during I–R injury in all therapeutic modalities. The most intensive benefits in the current investigation were observed when PCr was applied during the period of ischemia because the lowest fluctuations in the parameters of cardiac function and oxidative stress were observed. Overall, the results of this study highlight PCr-induced cardioprotection with promising prospects for future clinical use.