bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Study of Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes Among Patients with KRAS p.G12C-Mutated or Other KRAS Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fakih Marwan , Tu Huakang , Hsu Hil , Aggarwal Shivani , Chan Emily , Rehn Marko , Chia Victoria , Kopetz Scott 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The KRAS p.G12C mutation has recently become an actionable drug target. To further understand KRAS p.G12C disease, we describe clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment patterns, overall survival (OS), and real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), KRAS p.G12C mutations (KRAS G12C), and other KRAS mutations (KRAS non-G12C) using a de-identified database.

Patients and Methods
Clinical and tumor characteristics, including treatments received, genomic profile, and clinical outcomes were assessed for patients from a US clinical genomic database with mCRC diagnosed between January 1, 2011, and March 31, 2020, with genomic sequencing data available.

Results
Of 6477 patients with mCRC (mCRC cohort), 238 (3.7%) had KRAS G12C and 2947 (45.5%) had KRAS non-G12C mutations. Treatment patterns were generally comparable across lines of therapy (LOT) in KRAS G12C versus KRAS non-G12C cohorts. Median (95% CI) OS after the first LOT was 16.1 (13.0-19.0) months for the KRAS G12C cohort versus 18.3 (17.2-19.3) months for the KRAS non-G12C cohort, and 19.2 (18.5-19.8) months for the mCRC overall cohort; median (95% CI) rwPFS was 7.4 (6.3-9.5), 9.0 (8.2-9.7), and 9.2 (8.6-9.7) months, respectively. The different KRAS non-G12C mutations examined did not affect clinical outcomes. Median OS and rwPFS for all cohorts declined with each subsequent LOT.

Conclusions
Patients with KRAS p.G12C-mutant mCRC have poor treatment outcomes, and outcomes appear numerically worse than for those without this mutation, indicating potential prognostic implications for KRAS p.G12C mutations and an unmet medical need in this population.
The Relationship Between Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Successful Treatment Outcomes After Basivertebral Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation: A Pooled Cohort Study of Three Prospective Clinical Trials
Authors: Boody Barrett S , Sperry Beau P , Harper Katrina , Macadaeg Kevin , McCormick Zachary L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Multiple studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of basivertebral nerve radiofrequency ablation (BVN RFA) for improving low back pain related to the vertebral endplate. However, the influence of patient demographic and clinical characteristics on treatment outcome is unknown.

Design
Pooled cohort study of three clinical trials of patients with vertebral endplate pain identified by Type 1 and/or Type 2 Modic changes and a correlating presentation of anterior spinal element pain.

Setting
Thirty-three global study centers.

Subjects
Patients (n = 296) successfully treated with BVN RFA.

Methods
Participant demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed with stepwise logistic regression to identify predictors of treatment success. Three definitions of treatment success were defined: 1) ≥50% visual analog scale pain improvement, 2) ≥15-point Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) improvement, and 3) ≥50% visual analog scale or ≥15-point ODI improvement from baseline.

Results
Low back pain of ≥5 years’ duration and higher ODI scores at baseline increased the odds of treatment success, whereas baseline opioid use and higher Beck Depression Inventory scores reduced these odds. However, the three regression models demonstrated receiver-operating characteristics of 62–70% areas under the curve, and thus, limited predictive capacity.

Conclusions
This analysis identified no demographic or clinical characteristic that meaningfully increased or reduced the odds of treatment success from BVN RFA. On the basis of these findings and the high response rates from the three analyzed trials, we recommend the use of objective imaging biomarkers (Type 1 and/or 2 Modic changes) and a correlating presentation of anterior spinal element pain to determine optimal candidacy for BVN RFA.
El Niño Southern Oscillation, monsoon anomaly, and childhood diarrheal disease morbidity in Nepal
Authors: Adams Nicholas , Dhimal Meghnath , Mathews Shifali , Iyer Veena , Murtugudde Raghu , Liang Xin-Zhong , Haider Muhiuddin , Cruz-Cano Raul , Thu Dang Thi Anh , Hashim Jamal Hisham , Gao Chuansi , Wang Yu-Chun , Sapkota Amir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Climate change is adversely impacting the burden of diarrheal diseases. Despite significant reduction in global prevalence, diarrheal disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies have shown that diarrheal disease is associated with meteorological conditions but the role of large-scale climate phenomena such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and monsoon anomaly is less understood. We obtained 13 years (2002–2014) of diarrheal disease data from Nepal and investigated how the disease rate is associated with phases of ENSO (El Niño, La Niña, vs. ENSO neutral) monsoon rainfall anomaly (below normal, above normal, vs. normal), and changes in timing of monsoon onset, and withdrawal (early, late, vs. normal). Monsoon season was associated with a 21% increase in diarrheal disease rates (Incident Rate Ratios [IRR]: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.16–1.27). El Niño was associated with an 8% reduction in risk while the La Niña was associated with a 32% increase in under-5 diarrheal disease rates. Likewise, higher-than-normal monsoon rainfall was associated with increased rates of diarrheal disease, with considerably higher rates observed in the mountain region (IRR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19–1.92). Our findings suggest that under-5 diarrheal disease burden in Nepal is significantly influenced by ENSO and changes in seasonal monsoon dynamics. Since both ENSO phases and monsoon can be predicted with considerably longer lead time compared to weather, our findings will pave the way for the development of more effective early warning systems for climate sensitive infectious diseases.
Incidence of systemic autoimmune myopathies and their risk of cancer in Leeds, UK: an 11-year epidemiological study
Authors: Jauniaux Benoit , Alexander Memie , Ismail Azzam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aims were to identify all incident adult cases of systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAMs) in the city of Leeds, UK, and to estimate the risk of cancer in SAMs as compared with the general population.MethodsCases of SAMs were ascertained by review of all muscle biopsy reports from the Neuropathology Laboratory. A review of medical records was undertaken for each case to review the clinical diagnosis and collect epidemiological data such as age, ethnicity, sex and comorbidities, including cancer. Leeds denominator population numbers were publicly obtainable.ResultsA total of 206 biopsy reports were identified and, after review, 50 incident cases were included in the study between June 2010 and January 2021. Of the 50 cases, 27 were male and 23 were female. The mean incidence rate of SAMs in Leeds throughout the study period was 7.42/1 000 000 person-years. The proportion of SAMs cases with a confirmed malignancy was 22%. Compared with the general population, the relative risk of cancer was significantly greater in the SAMs population (31.56; P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsThe incidence rate of SAMs in Leeds was consistent with data from previous literature; however, disagreement exists between different methods of SAMs case inclusion due to varying clinical criteria and definitions. SAMs are associated with an increased risk of cancer, but the pathogenesis of this relationship still requires investigating. This study supports the practice of malignancy screening and long-term surveillance in patients with SAMs.
Effectiveness of sequential biologic and targeted disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhao Sizheng Steven , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , Bosworth Ailsa , Watson Kath ,   BSRBR-RA Contributors Group, Hyrich Kimme L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Whether patients with RA benefit from repeated trials of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) after three or more attempts is unknown. We aimed to describe treatment outcomes in each line of b/tsDMARD therapy.

Methods
Using data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for RA from 2001 to 2020, change to a new b/tsDMARD (except biosimilar switches) was defined as a new line of therapy. Treatment outcomes were compared across lines of therapy, including DAS28 remission (≤2.6), low disease activity (LDA, ≤3.2) at 6 months and median time to drug discontinuation. Multiple imputation was used for missing data.

Results
A total of 22 934 individuals starting a first b/tsDMARD were included (mean age 56 years, 76% female), among whom 10 823 commenced a second-line drug, 5056 third, 2128 fourth, 767 fifth and 292 sixth. Most (71%) had sufficient data for DAS28-derived outcome analyses. TNF inhibitors were the most common first-line drug, but choice of subsequent-line drugs changed over time. Seventeen percent achieved DAS28 remission following first-line, 13% second and 8–13% with third through sixth. LDA was achieved in 29% of first-line, 23% second, 17–22% through to the sixth. Patients stayed on first-line therapy for a median of 2.6 years, ranging from 1.0–1.4 years for lines two to six.

Conclusion
Many patients will eventually benefit after repeated trials of b/tsDMARD. Further research to improve treatment selection are needed to prevent prolonged trial and error approaches in some patients.
COMPARISON OF THE PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS EXPOSED TO LOW DOSE RATE RADIATION IN VIVO AND EX VIVO
Authors: Hirouchi Tokuhisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are sensitive to radiation. Chronic exposure to low dose rate (LDR) radiation at 20 mGy/day results in a decrease in the number of HSCs and an increase of leukemia. In this study, the proliferative capacities of ex vivo HSCs, exposed to 20 mGy/day of gamma-rays for 20 days, were compared with those of in vivo HSCs from similarly whole-body-irradiated mice. Radiation suppressed the growth of the ex vivo HSCs after Day 16 of irradiation and until Day 7 post-exposure. Almost all types of cells, particularly multipotent progenitors, common myeloid progenitors, granulocytes and macrophages, were significantly reduced in number at Day 20 of irradiation and Day 7 post-exposure in culture. HSCs and multipotent progenitors irradiated in vivo, however, decreased transiently and recovered by Day 7 post-exposure. These findings suggest that the microenvironment in vivo protects HSCs from the effects of LDR radiation.
Sickle Cell Drug Approved for Children Ages Four to 11
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: March 2022

Voxelotor (Oxbryta) has received accelerated approval to treat sickle cell disease in children ages four to 11 years. This is a new indication for the drug.Voxelotor prevents red blood cells from forming a sickle shape, reducing the damage to tissues and red blood cells that is common with sickle cell disease.
Original Research: Losing the Art and Failing the Science of Nursing: The Experiences of Nurses Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stimpfel Amy Witkoski , Ghazal Lauren , Goldsamt Lloyd A. , Zhanay Jessie , Dickson Victoria Vaughan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
RNs have served as the bedrock of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, working under unprecedented and difficult conditions. In this study, we sought to understand the experiences of nurses working across a range of care settings in the United States during the first six months of the pandemic, and to learn more about barriers to and facilitators of their work.

Methods:
This is a qualitative descriptive study. We recruited participants online through regional professional nursing membership listservs, program directors of occupational health nursing training programs, and social media. After completing a survey, potential participants were invited to complete an individual semistructured interview via the Zoom platform. From June through August 2020, we conducted 34 interviews. Content analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti software.

Results:
The overarching theme—“Losing the art and failing the science of nursing”—underscored the barriers nurses faced in the early months of this pandemic. It reflected the deeply painful disruptions in the care nurses were accustomed to providing their patients. Themes that reflected barriers included disrupted nurse–patient connection, lack of personal protective equipment and fear of infection, lack of evidence-based guidance, and understaffing, all of which drastically altered the delivery of nursing care. Themes that reflected facilitators to nurses' work included camaraderie and strength and resourcefulness.

Conclusions:
The study findings give important direction to nurse leaders, researchers, and organizations concerning potential areas of support that nurses need during and after this pandemic. Future research should investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 and similar public health crises on nurses, as well as interventions that could support the workforce after an extended crisis.
Planetary Health Nursing
Authors: LeClair Jessica , Potter Teddie 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Planetary health is focused on the interconnectedness of the health of humans, other species, and the physical environment. Disruption of the Earth's natural ecosystems due to human overconsumption; disregard for sustainable practices; and the domination of other humans, species, and natural systems has led to an urgent moment in which humans must act to preserve these ecosystems, which support life on this planet. Restoring planetary health requires new directions for nursing. The pragmatic implications for nursing research, education, advocacy, and practice are explored in this article.
A Blog Text Analysis to Explore Psychosocial Support in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Choi Eunju , Becker Heather , Kim Soojeong 
Published: March 2022

Background
The achievement of developmental milestones of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is significantly challenged by a cancer diagnosis and treatment. To help with challenges in AYAs with cancer, various types of psychosocial support have been studied to cope with cancer and seek optimal well-being. However, despite differences among AYAs’ developmental stages, AYAs with cancer are often treated as a homogeneous group in research and hospital settings.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify and compare psychosocial support that facilitates the well-being of AYAs with cancer.

Methods
Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted on AYAs’ perceived psychosocial support as expressed on an online cancer community. Themes were identified using qualitative content analysis, and descriptive quantitative methods were used to compare themes by age and gender.

Results
Seven themes emerged: coping skill building, self-transcendence, family support, support from friends, professional support, peer support including online and offline support groups, and accommodation. There were no significant differences in the frequency of posts between age and gender variables by theme. However, the details of the themes were qualitatively different by age and gender.

Conclusions
The psychosocial support AYAs perceived may differ by age and gender. This study suggests opportunities for nurses to contribute their support to AYAs’ perceived psychosocial support throughout AYAs’ cancer journeys.

Implication for Practice
The sources of support that can help AYAs with cancer should be routinely available rather than in response to crisis.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With PTSD-Like Symptoms Linked to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Patients With Major Depressive Disorders Seeking Emergency Care
Authors: Concerto Carmen , Rodolico Alessandro , Sturiale Serena , Caligiore Guido , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Petralia Antonino , Battaglia Fortunato , Aguglia Eugenio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact and coping strategies experienced by depressed inpatients during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We recruited 75 depressed inpatients. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of PTSD-like symptoms measured with Impact of Event Scale–Revised. Predicting variables were age, sex, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced subscales scores, the Anxiety Status Inventory total score, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 total score. The prevalence of PTSD-like stress symptoms was 41.33%. Age, social and avoidance coping strategies, and anxiety levels were significant predictors of PTSD-like symptoms. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic in depressed inpatients is associated with PTSD-like stress symptoms, anxiety, and maladaptive coping.
Persistence of Attitude Changes After Near-Death Experiences
Authors: Greyson Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare attitude changes reported by people who described near-death experiences (NDEs) at two periods two decades apart, to ascertain whether the attitude changes persisted over time. Participants completed the Life Changes Inventory (LCI) upon entry into the study and again two decades later, and the NDE Scale to quantify depth of the experience. Sixty-three participants (mean age at entry into study, 46 ± 10 years) had scores on the NDE Scale typical of other near-death experiencers. Scores on the LCI showed significant changes in attitudes toward life and death both on entry into the study and two decades later. LCI scores showed no significant change over that period, nor was there a significant correlation between change in LCI scores and time elapsed between the two administrations. NDEs appear to be unusual in the long-term persistence of attitude changes.
Masturbation as a Cause of “Sexual Neurasthenia”
Authors: Kosenko Oxana , Steger Florian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the 18th and 19th centuries, in Europe and the United States, masturbation was seen not only as a deviant form of sexual activity but also as a cause of nervous diseases. Masturbation was originally thought to cause insanity, but with the introduction of George Miller Beard's concept of neurasthenia, it came to be considered a form of nervous exhaustion. In the current article, we analyzed the almost forgotten medical report of a “sexual neurasthenic,” written by the famous Russian writer and physician Anton Chekhov (1860–1904). This report gives us detailed information about the treatment of a patient allegedly experiencing the effects of masturbation, and thus reflects the medical discourse on masturbation in Russia in the early 1880s. It shows that although the international debate on the causes of neurasthenia had just begun, the concept of neurasthenia toward masturbation had already been put into practice at the Moscow University Clinic in 1883.
Non–Direct Care Nurses
Authors: Moscou-Jackson Gyasi , Homme Megan , Day Jenni 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
During times of need, hospital-based nurses in nonclinical jobs support organizations through a variety of roles.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the experience of hospital-based nurses who did not provide direct patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on role and professional identity.

METHODS
Seventeen nurses participated in individual semistructured interviews.

RESULTS
Participants filled a variety of pandemic-related roles as an extension of their job. Others were placed in roles that were different but perceived as professionally beneficial. Many did not question their professional identity as a “nurse,” yet for a few, it was before they received a pandemic-related assignment. All appreciated having role choice and their skills recognized.

CONCLUSION
Nurses in nonclinical roles desire to be involved in responses to emergency events, but not as direct care providers. Involvement enables them to feel valuable despite nonclinical roles. During emergency events, nursing leaders should mobilize the talents of this workforce segment, offering role choice when feasible.
The Impact of Mindfulness on Stress and Burnout of New Graduate Nurses as a Component of a Nurse Residency Program
Authors: McNulty Denise Stage , LaMonica-Way Carol , Senneff Jo-Anne 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
This evidence-based practice project assessed the impact of integrating mindfulness training into an existing nurse residency program.

BACKGROUND
Stress and burnout are endemic in healthcare. The transition to practice is associated with stress and anxiety for newly graduated nurses. Evidence supports mindfulness-based interventions to mitigate stress and burnout and improve the workplace environment and patient outcomes.

METHODS
This project employed a pre/post design to measure burnout, stress, and mindfulness, comparing means and standard deviations between intervention and comparison nurse residency cohorts. Mindfulness training was integrated at 4 points within the 1st 6 months of the residency program.

RESULTS
The intervention cohort reported significantly less burnout and stress and more mindfulness at 6 months than the comparison group.

CONCLUSIONS
Mindfulness training can be feasibly integrated into an existing nurse residency program to decrease stress and burnout for new graduate nurses during the transition to practice.
Is competition for cellular resources a driver of complex trait heritability?
Authors: Naret Olivier , Simons Yuval , Fellay Jacques , Pritchard Jonathan K 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost human complex traits are enormously polygenic, with thousands of contributing variants with small effects, spread across much of the genome. These observations raise questions about why so many variants–and so many genes–impact any given phenotype. Here we consider a possible model in which variant effects are due to competition among genes for pools of shared intracellular resources such as RNA polymerases. To this end, we describe a simple theoretical model of resource competition for polymerases during transcription. We show that as long as a gene uses only a small fraction of the overall supply of polymerases, competition with other genes for this supply will only have a negligible effect on variation in the gene’s expression. In particular, although resource competition increases the proportion of heritability explained by trans-eQTLs, this effect is far too small to account for the roughly 70% of expression heritability thought to be due to trans-regulation. Similarly, we find that competition will only have an appreciable effect on complex traits under very limited conditions: that core genes collectively use a large fraction of the cellular pool of polymerases and their overall expression level is strongly correlated (or anti-correlated) with trait values. Our qualitative results should hold for a wide family of models relating to cellular resource limitations. We conclude that, for most traits, resource competition is not a major source of complex trait heritability.