bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of urogenital schistosomiasis among under-fives in Mtama District in the Lindi region of Tanzania
Authors: Mushi Vivian , Zacharia Abdallah , Shao Magdalena , Mubi Marycelina , Tarimo Donath 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Despite the ongoing intervention for schistosomiasis control among school-age children in the Lindi region of Tanzania, urogenital schistosomiasis continues to be a public health problem, presumably because other at-risk populations are not covered in praziquantel deworming campaigns. Evidence shows that under-fives become infected in their early life hence the need to understand the disease profile and the risk factors for exposure to infection so as to plan effective control strategies in this group. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of urogenital schistosomiasis among under-fives in the Mtama district, Lindi region of Tanzania.

Methodology/Principal findings
A quantitative community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 770 participants (385 under-fives and their 385 parents/guardians) in the Mtama district to investigate the burden and the risk factors associated with S. haematobium infection. A single urine specimen was collected from the under-fives and tested for macro and microhaematuria, presence of S. haematobium ova, and intensity of infection. A structured questionnaire gathered on risk factors for S. haematobium exposure in under-fives from their parents/guardians. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression.
Prevalence of S. haematobium ova was 16.9%, and that of macro and microhaematuria was 6% and 17.9%, respectively. Of the 65 positive under-fives, 49 (75.4%) 95% CI 65.4–86.3 had a light infection intensity, and 16 (24.6%) 95% CI 13.7–35.5 had a heavy infection intensity. Among the assessed risk factors, the parents/guardians habit of visiting water bodies for domestic routines (AOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13–1.74), especially the river (AOR: 6.00, 95% CI: 1.20–35.12), was found to be a significant risk factor for infection of S. haematobium in under-fives.

Conclusion/Significance
A moderate prevalence of S. haematobium was found among the under-fives conceivably with adverse health events. The infected under-fives could be a source of continuity for transmission in the community. An intervention that covers this group is necessary and should be complemented with regular screening, health education campaigns, and an adequate supply of safe water.
The impact of Stress Management and Resilience Training (SMART) on academic physicians during the implementation of a new Health Information System: An exploratory randomized controlled trial
Authors: Spilg Edward G. , Kuk Hanna , Ananny Lesley , McNeill Kylie , LeBlanc Vicki , Bauer Brent A. , Sood Amit , Wells Philip S. 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The Stress Management and Resilience Training (SMART) program is an evidence-based intervention designed to build resilience in physicians in clinical practice. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the SMART program on academic physicians’ levels of resilience, subjective happiness, stress, and anxiety, and specifically during the implementation of a new hospital-wide Health Information System (HIS).

Methods
A total of 40 physicians in a tertiary care academic hospital were randomized (allocation ratio 1:1) to either the SMART intervention or the control condition. The SMART intervention consisted of one mandatory two-hour in-person workshop and an optional 24-week online program, designed to support the materials delivered in the workshop. Outcome measures were assessed using validated scales administered online at baseline and at 3-months and 6-months follow-up.

Results
After adjusting for baseline levels of each outcome, no statistically significant intervention effect was observed for resilience, subjective happiness, stress or anxiety at 3-months or 6-months follow-up. However, physicians in the intervention group demonstrated improvements in resilience, stress and anxiety at follow-up that were within the range of clinically relevant differences.

Conclusions
The findings of this exploratory study provide modest support that the SMART intervention may be beneficial for proactively addressing physician wellness during the implementation of a new HIS and that larger randomized trials are warranted.

Trial registration
NCT04384861.
Towards a representation model of Arabs and Muslims: USA TV series as an amplifier of the cultural hegemonic speech (case study: Homeland)
Authors: Guarinos Virginia , Berciano-Garrido Darío 
Published: April 2022

During the last few decades, the production of TV series has experienced a boom, reaching a wider audience and achieving international success. At the same time, these shows absorb social realities and project them, feeding back to the society that creates them. In western society, especially in the United States, Arabs’ and Muslims’ characters are based on social stereotypes, contributing to their expansion of stereotypes and reflecting a totally distorted reality. Hollywood has relied on this almost from its beginning, portraying Arabs and Muslims as others, strange and dangerous beings. This representation has evolved depending on the social, political and economic conflicts of each decade.
This article focuses on the significance of post-9/11 TV series as a propaganda tool, particularly in relation to cultural domination and identity conflict, using textual and content and narrative analysis to study the representation of Arabs’ and Muslims’ characters in Homeland. For this purpose, exhaustive analysis templates have been designed to assist the in-depth analysis of the characters at different levels.
Since the on-screen image of these characters has been changing in recent years, the research aims to highlight a new way of configuration of Arab and Muslim characters, which transcends old representations and consolidates a new model, involving a new perspective of cultural and ideological production against Arab and Muslim identities. In this sense, the exhaustive analysis of Homeland points out that by using narrative instruments to camouflage classic discriminatory stereotypes, the show has become an epitome of ideological and propagandistic projection. Accordingly, Homeland does not propose a resignification of the stereotypes about Arabs and Muslims, despite the time that has elapsed, manifesting in a lack of cultural reconciliation which continues today.
Comparative Study of Somatic Phraseological Units in English and Azerbaijani Languages
Authors: Malikova Adila Malik 
Published: April 2022

Somatic phraseological units, also known as somatisms, consist of a simple word composition that has multiple meanings and form the most ancient lexical layer of the language. Researchers’ growing interest in somatic phraseology stems from the fact that, in terms of the plan of expression and the plan of content, we think that somatic phraseology has two opposite polarities. In other words, the components of the phraseological units as well as their combined whole are, in one way or another, aimed at describing and characterising humans and their activities.
Somatic phraseologies play a special role in the expressiveness of the language and in its emotionality, with one of their main features being the fact that they are figurative, emotional, and expressive. In fact, somatic phraseologies are the most effective and figurative way to reflect concepts than any other phraseological combinations.
The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of phraseological combinations based on the materials of both English and Azerbaijani languages. The study included somatic phraseologies with mouth, foot, head and hand components in English and Azerbaijani, and analysed these from the point of view of semantic differences.
Evaluation of parameters influencing the performance of photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid system
Authors: El Mliles Mustapha , Amiry Houssam , El Kouari Youssef , Hajjaji Abdelowahed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes the feasibility of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid system and examines the appropriate parameters to optimize the design of the hybrid system. A new formula that sets a minimal working condition from which the output power of the hybrid system will exceed that of the PV cell alone at 298 K was developed. The experimental results showed that the hybrid system outperformed the PV cell alone at 298 K, once the minimal working condition is attained. Moreover, the results illustrated that we can enhance the performance with a slight change in the cold side temperature of the TE using PV cells with a relatively small temperature coefficient and efficiency. The results indicated also that the model can produce trustworthy predictions, consequently, it may be useful during the design of a hybrid system with optimized performance.
The role of circulating miRNAs in leptin resistance in obese children
Authors: Altınkılıç Emre Murat , Bayrakdar Selami , Seymen Karabulut Gülcan , Haliloğlu Belma , Attar Rukset 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Leptin resistance is one of the important causes of obesity in children. Besides known causes of leptin resistance like mutations in leptin and leptin receptor genes, overexpression of SOCS3 in arcuate nucleus is a potential cause of leptin resistance. We aimed to determine the effects of circulating miRNAs on leptin resistance in obese children by targeting SOCS3 pathway.

Methods
miRNAs potentially targeting SOCS3 were determined by using online target prediction databases. Polymorphisms in miRNA target sequences were determined by using online genome browsers. miRNA expression levels of obese (n=35) and non-obese (n=30) children were determined by qPCR method, genotyping were performed by real-time PCR method and serum leptin, leptin receptor and SOCS3 levels were measured by ELISA method.

Results
miRNA profiling have shown that serum miR-218-5p levels are significantly (p<0.05) increased in accordance with serum leptin levels in obese children.

Conclusions
In this study we used target prediction methods for evaluating potential miRNAs which may involve in development of leptin resistance. We have shown that miR-218-5p might be taking part in leptin resistance in obese children.
ARUG II: Aktienrechtliche Transparenzpflichten für kollektive Vermögensverwalter im Lichte des Investmentrechts
Authors: Ruppel Conrad 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung

Vermögensverwalter und institutionelle Anleger unterliegen seit dem Inkrafttreten des ARUG II am 1. Januar 2020 den Transparenzpflichten gemäß §§ 134 a ff Aktiengesetz. Nach dem Willen des Gesetzgebers sollen sie ihre Rolle als Aktionäre von börsennotierten Gesellschaften engagierter und informierter wahrnehmen. Die Vorgaben sind sektor-neutral ausgestaltet und lassen sich nicht ohne Weiteres mit den investmentrechtlichen Organisations- und Fondsstrukturen in Einklang bringen. Der Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, die aktienrechtlichen Transparenzpflichten aus Sicht der Vermögensverwalter von kollektiven Kapitalanlagen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des deutschen und europäischen Investmentrechts zu betrachten.
ОЦІНКА ВКЛАДУ ІОННОГО ОБМІНУ В ПРОЦЕСАХ ДЕМАНГАНАЦІЇ МОДИФІКОВАНИМ КАТІОНІТОМ КУ-2-8
Authors: Трус Інна М. , Д. Гомеля Микола , М. Твердохліб Марія 
Published: April 2022

Ефективним методом очищення води від сполук марганцю є застосування магнетиту, тому доцільним було вдосконалення методу його використання. В роботі очищення води від іонів марганцю проводили в динамічних умовах при фільтруванні води через шар сильнокислотного катіоніту КУ-2-8 в H+, Na+, Ca2+ формах модифікованого магнетитом. Це дозволяє забезпечити постійний контакт розчину з іонообмінним матеріалом та знижує роль лімітуючого дифузійного фактору на процес очищення води. При оцінці ефективності катіоніту КУ-2-8 при вилученні іонів Mn2+ із води в залежності від форми іоніту було встановлено, що ПОДЄ для іоніту в H+, формі становить 2198 мг-екв/дм3, Na+ – 2175 мг-екв/дм3, Ca2+ – 1717 мг-екв/дм3. Отже, при переході від H+ до Na+ і до Ca2+ форми відбувається зниження сорбційної здатності катіоніту КУ-2-8 по іонах Mn2+. При підвищенні початкової концентрації з 5 до 10 та 30 мг/дм3 в дистильованій воді залишкова концентрація зростає від 0.14 до 0.35 та до 1.95 мг/дм3 при фільтрування через 10 см3 іоніту в Ca2+ формі. При вилученні іонів Mn2+ із артезіанської води залишкові концентрація становили 4.0; 7.0 та 27.0 мг/дм3 відповідно. Отже, на модифікованому магнетитом катіоніті іони марганцю вилучаються лише частково за рахунок іонного обміну, а повне вилучення їх із води можливе лише за рахунок каталітичного окислення та висадження на магнетиті.
dolores que quedan son las libertades que faltan” Construcción política y social del cuerpo de las mujeres en el conflicto armado
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Goez Toro Camila , Restrepo Cabanza Laura Marcela , Estrada Bedoya Análida del Socorro 
Published: April 2022

Este artículo expone un rastreo bibliográfico de investigaciones y autores que han recogido, sistematizado y teorizado, experiencias de afectación de mujeres por causa de la guerra, haciendo un énfasis en las consecuencias que tiene dicha violencia sobre sus cuerpos. Se revisaron las bases de datos: Isis, Scopus, Sage Publications, Scielo y Dialnet. Se evidencia como hay un hilo conductor entre la cultura patriarcal, la violencia de género en la vida cotidiana y la violencia sexual y otras formas de violencia contra las mujeres en medio del conflicto armado. Pero al mismo tiempo las capacidades de resistencia y reconstrucción subjetiva de las mujeres a través de las redes de apoyo y otras formas de expresión que posibilitan la sanación personal y empoderamiento individual y colectivo.
TACROLIMUS VERSUS CYCLOSPORINE IN LOW IMMUNOLOGICAL RISK PATIENTS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION INDUCTED BY ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN
Authors: Ali Chovin , Sharif Dana , Almukhtar Safa 
Published: April 2022

Background
Global increase in the incidence of end-stage renal disease has necessitated the performance of kidney transplantation for many patients. To minimize the possibility of renal allograft failure and maintain graft function. Kidney transplant recipients are typically given immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in combination with other drugs.
Objectives
The present study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine.
Patients and Methods
The present clinical non-randomized and non-controlled study was conducted on 201 kidney transplant patients in Shar teaching Hospital in Sulaimani, Kurdistan region-Iraq, from April 2020 to April 2021. The patients had received tacrolimus and Cyclosporine as immunosuppression drugs. Required data were collected from the patients through their hospital records and direct interviews with them. The collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Science (version 22.0).
Results
Most patients (60.7%) were aged 19-45 and males (70.6%). Most of them did not know the cause of chronic kidney failure (41.3%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 14.4%, and diabetes mellitus in 12.4%. Most of the donors were non-related (90.5%). Induction treatment was anti-thymocyte globulin for most of them (76.6%), and treatment after transplant, mycophenolate mofetil, Cyclosporine and prednisolone in 75% of them. Acute cellular rejection was the most frequent complication after the transplant (23.4%). Tremor and new onset of diabetes were the most frequent side effects of tacrolimus; however, hirsutism, hyperkalemia, acne, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are the most frequent side effects Cyclosporine. More patients on Tacrolimus than Cyclosporine developed new onset of diabetes (7.5%). However, serum uric acid (p<0.001), serum cholesterol (p<0.001), and serum triglyceride (p=0.01) levels elevate more with Cyclosporine group patients. Moreover, drug change has a significant association with haemoglobin level (HGB) (p<0.001) and serum triglyceride (p<0.001) in those group drug was changed to tacrolimus.
Conclusion
Similar rejection was obtained by using Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine within the first year after kidney transplant in low immunological risk patients; however, acute cellular rejection was less with the TAC group. It is less expensive than Cyclosporine in our region, but Cyclosporine is more available in the hospital.
Mid- to Late-Quaternary Geomorphic and Paleoseismic Event History, Cheraw Fault, Southeastern Colorado
Authors: Ostenaa Dean A. , Zellman Mark S. , Morgan Matthew L. , DuRoss Christopher B. , Briggs Richard W. , Gold Ryan D. , Mahan Shannon A. , Gray Harrison J. , Broes Lauren , Lindsey Kassandra 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Despite its subdued expression and isolated location within the Great Plains of southeastern Colorado, the 80 km long Cheraw fault may be one of the most active faults in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. We present geomorphic analyses, geochronology, and paleoseismic trenching data to (1) document the rupture history of the ∼45 km long southwestern section of the Cheraw fault over the past ∼19 ka, and (2) evaluate slip rate changes for the entire fault over the past ∼200 ka. Results from new trenches excavated at the Old Ranch site show evidence of four surface rupture events since ∼19 ka, each with an average vertical displacement of 0.75 ± 0.15 m. An additional event is likely only slightly older than ∼19 ka. Evidence for relatively small displacements at and near the Old Ranch site indicates that most of these earthquakes were magnitude (M) 7 or less and likely did not rupture the full length of the Cheraw fault. Since ∼19 ka, the average slip rate is ∼0.16 ± 0.3 mm/yr near the Old Ranch site with an average interevent time of 3–5 ka. New geochronologic data for mid- to late-Quaternary geomorphic surfaces cut by the Cheraw fault imply rapid incision by local Arkansas River tributaries from ∼145 to ∼100 ka. Maximum vertical offsets of 7–9 m for these surfaces indicate that from ∼19 to &gt;200 ka the average slip rate was no greater than ∼0.03 mm/yr. The accelerated slip rate since ∼19 ka indicates a possible response to rapid erosional unloading and/or a limited late Cenozoic, &lt;40 ka, paleoseismic history for the Cheraw fault.
An Iterative Linear Method with Variable Shear Stress Magnitudes for Estimating the Stress Tensor from Earthquake Focal Mechanism Data: Method and Examples
Authors: Beaucé Eric , van der Hilst Robert D. , Campillo Michel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Earthquake focal mechanism data provide information about the stress state at the origin of earthquakes. The inversion methods that are commonly used to infer the stress tensor from focal mechanisms have varying complexity but always rely on a number of assumptions. We present an iterative method built upon a classic linear stress tensor inversion that allows for relaxing the assumption on shear stress magnitudes while preserving the computational simplicity of the linear problem. Every iteration of our method computes the least-squares solution of the problem, which makes the method fast enough to estimate the inverted parameter errors with nonparametric resampling methods such as bootstrapping. Following previous studies, this method removes the fault plane ambiguity in focal mechanism data by selecting the nodal plane that best satisfies the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. We first test the performance and robustness to noise of the proposed method on synthetic data sets and then apply it to data from the Southern California and Geysers geothermal field data sets. We focus the study on investigating the consequences of relaxing the assumption of constant shear stress magnitudes. Our variable shear method successfully generalizes its constant shear counterpart: it is able to perform similarly when the constant shear assumption is a good approximation and provides more accurate results when it is not. We provide the Python package iterative linear stress inversion to implement the proposed method.
Ultrasound guided technique versus landmark technique for caudal epidural block in children: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Dhadwal Samakshi Singh , Bhure Anjali , Bhargava Sumita 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the two modalities of performing caudal block – ultrasonography guidance and conventional landmark technique in terms of time taken to perform the block, number of attempts to perform the block, block success at first puncture, haemodynamic changes and complications.: The study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur. It was a prospective randomized single blinded study.: This study was conducted in 62 grade ASA I and II patients of both sexes between age group of 2 - 8 years posted for elective surgeries below the level of umbilicus. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group C (Conventional technique) (n = 31) and group U (Ultrasound technique) (n=31) Caudal solution was prepared as Inj 0.2% Ropivacaine with Inj Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg with dosage according to Armitage formula, and was administered to both groups. The block performing time, the block success rate, the number of needle puncture, the success at first puncture and the complications were recorded. The analysis was 2 tailed and significance level was set at 0.05.: The mean block performance in group C was 39.3 ± 10.9 seconds while that of the Group U was 52.2 ± 11.4 seconds (P = 0.001). The time taken for identification of the caudal epidural space in Group C was 15.74 + 8.05 seconds while that of the Group U was 24.26 + 8.89 seconds (p = 0.0002). There was no significant difference noted in the number of attempts taken for the block in between both the groups. C group had a success rate of 61.29% in the first attempt while U group has a success rate of 90.32%. (p = 0.008). C group had a success rate of 83.87% while U group has a success rate of 100%. (p = 0.008). The only complication seen in the study was subcutaneous bulging which was seen significantly more in patients of C group compared to U group. Subcutaneous bulging was seen in 8 patients of C group and in 2 patients of U group. Despite the limitations in central neuraxial anesthesia we recommend the use of ultrasound since it reduces the complications and increases the success rate of first puncture in pediatric caudal injection.