bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral root elongation enhances nitrogen‐use efficiency in maize genotypes at the seedling stage
Authors: Wang Hao , Wu Yujie , An Tingting , Chen Yinglong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize plants show great variation in root morphological response to nitrogen (N) deficit, and such alterations often determine N‐use efficiency (NUE) plants. This study assessed genotypic variation in root morphology and NUE in selected 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root system size grown in a semi‐hydroponic phenotyping system for 38 days under control (4 mmol L−1 NO3−) and low N (LN) (40 μmol L−1) for 38 days after transplanting.RESULTSMaize genotypes exhibited different responses to LN stress in each of the 28 measured shoot and root traits. The 20 genotypes were assigned into one of the three groups: N‐efficient (eight genotypes), medium (four genotypes), and N‐inefficient (eight genotypes), based on shoot dry weight ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at LN and control) ± one standard error. In response to LN stress, the N‐inefficient genotypes had significant reduction in biomass production by ~58% in shoots and ~64% in roots, while the N‐efficient genotypes maintained their biomass. Under LN supply N‐efficient genotypes showed a plasticity response that would result in both sparse lateral branching and increased root elongation as a whole or at each growth strata, and N efficiency positively correlated with lateral or axial root elongation and root elongation at different depths.CONCLUTSIONThe total lateral root length was the main contributor to the improved N foraging and utilization in maize under LN conditions, followed by axial root length. Total lateral root length can be considered in breeding programs for producing maize cultivars with high NUE at the early seedling stage. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Proteomic analysis revealed modulations of carbon and nitrogen by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the halophyte Suaeda salsa in a moderately saline environment
Authors: Diao Fengwei , Jia Bingbing , Wang Xiuhong , Luo Junqing , Hou Yazhou , Li Frank Yonghong , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHalophytes can grow well in moderately salty habitats that restrain most plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can assist its host plants to effectively mitigate salinity stress. However, less information is available on the molecular mechanisms of AMF related to halophytes in adapting to moderate saline environments. A pot experiment was undertaken to detect the effects of AMF on the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the halophyte Suaeda salsa which was grown at 100 mM NaCl and the underlying proteomic modulating mechanisms. The results proved that AMF decreased the N and P concentrations, increased the C, N and P accumulations and the C:N and C:P ratios. Proteomic analysis screened 581 differentially abundant proteins (DAP), which were mostly categorized in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and folding, sorting and degradation pathways. The enrichment analysis illuminated that the DAPs were assembled in 'carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,' 'nitrogen metabolism' and 'N‐glycan biosynthesis' pathways, which might be associated with the stoichiometric changes. The integrative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis detected 64 DAP whose regulations were concordant with those of the corresponding differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, these proteins were enriched in 'carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms' and some amino acid metabolism pathways. The modulations of these pathways might be correlated with C and N allocations and plant growth in moderate saline conditions. The study supplements the comprehension of the roles of AMF in halophytes grown in saline ecosystems.
Construction of Intelligent Responsive Drug Delivery System and Multi‐Mode Imaging Based on Gold Nanodots
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhao Yueqi , Yang Zhe , Li Xingchen , Xing Huiyuan , Qu Wenrui , Zvyagin Andrei V. , Yang Bai , Lin Quan , Li Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer remains a formidable global problem with a high mortality rate. There are many effective anti‐cancer drugs in clinical use, among which paclitaxel (PTX) has good effects on non‐small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. However, when applied to the clinic, PTX still has many limitations, such as poor water solubility, drug resistance, and side effects on healthy tissues. A gold nanodots‐paclitaxel‐polylysine (AuNDs‐PTX‐PLL) core‐shell nano‐system of integrated diagnosis and treatment is constructed to achieve intelligent responsive drug delivery. On the one hand, the problem of poor water‐solubility and drug resistance of PTX are solved. On the other hand, the nano‐system has an excellent intelligent response effect. Drugs can only be released in the weakly acidic environment of the tumor, which reduces the damage and side effects to normal tissues. Moreover, the nano‐system can be used for real‐time tracking and auxiliary diagnosis for the tumor through the multi‐mode imaging mode, such as fluorescence, photoacoustic, and computed tomography to achieve accurate visualization. The photothermal effect of AuNDs is beneficial to promote the release of drugs. The nano‐system integrates multi‐mode imaging, chemotherapy, intelligent drug release in tumor weakly acidic environment, and has excellent practical application prospects in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Sensitivity to Change and Patient‐Centricity of the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale Items: A Data‐Driven Analysis
Authors: Krismer Florian , Seppi Klaus , Jönsson Linus , Åström Daniel Oudin , Berger Anna‐Karin , Simonsen Jacob , Gordon Mark Forrest , Wenning Gregor K. , Poewe Werner ,   European Multiple System Atrophy Study Group Natural History Study Investigators,   the Rasagiline‐for‐Multiple System Atrophy Investigators
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) is a commonly used semiquantitative rating scale to assess symptoms and measure disease progression in multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, it is currently incompletely understood which UMSARS items are the most sensitive to change and most relevant to the patient.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess sensitivity to change and patient‐centricity of single UMSARS items.MethodsData were taken from the European Multiple System Atrophy Study Group Natural History Study and the Rasagiline for Multiple System Atrophy trial. Sensitivity of change of an item of the UMSARS was assessed by calculation of a sensitivity‐to‐change ratio using its mean slope of progression divided by the standard deviation of the slope when modeling its progression over time. Patient‐centricity was assessed through correlation of UMSARS items with quality‐of‐life measures.ResultsProgression rates above the mean in at least one of the two studies examined here were seen for seven items of UMSARS I and 11 items of UMSARS II. These items related to key motor functions such as swallowing, speech, handwriting, cutting food, hygiene, and dressing or walking, whereas items related to autonomic dysfunction were generally less sensitive to change in either data set. More UMSARS I items were identified as patient‐centric compared with UMSARS II items, and items most strongly impacting patients' quality of life were those affecting verbal communication skills, personal hygiene, and walking.ConclusionThe present results illustrate the potential to optimize the UMSARS to enhance sensitivity to change and patient centricity. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A robust approach for designing N‐doped reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite‐based electrodes for efficient flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Macherla Nagaraju , Singh Kuldeep , Kumari Kusum , Lekkala Ram Gopal Reddy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract2D multilayered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has received enormous research interest as a potential electrode material for flexible supercapacitor (FSC), owing to its excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties. However, rGO suffers from the restacking of graphene (GN) layers, lower electrical conductivity resulting from the residual oxygen functional groups and the relatively poor real‐time electrochemical performance. One of the finest ways overcoming the drawbacks of rGO by doping heteroatom into GN network and surface modification to enhance its electrochemical properties. In this work, a simple and robust approach for designing an efficient and high‐performance flexible electrode with nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) framework coupled with surface modification through in situ chemical polymerization with aniline to form a long‐range interconnected polyaniline (PANI) nanostructure is presented. In a two‐electrode system, PANI/N‐rGO flexible electrode has delivered a higher specific capacitance of 322 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Further, the composite exhibited notable cyclic stability over 1000 charge–discharge cycles. Surface‐modified in‐situ grown PANI nanostructures on N‐rGO nanosheets prevent the volume changes that occur in PANI during the charge–discharge process, and offer a higher charge transportation rate throughout the surface area. As a result of enhanced electrochemical properties, PANI/N‐rGO composites provide a feasible route for designing FSCs.
Preparation of environment‐friendly hydrophilic rubber from natural rubber grafted with sodium acrylate by reactive melt mixing
Authors: Nuinu Pranee , Srichan Sansanee , Ngamlerd Anuchit , Wichian Chamaiporn , Prasertsri Sarawut , Saengsuwan Sayant , Hinchiranan Napida , Vudjung Chaiwute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this research, we present an easy way to prepare environment‐friendly hydrophilic rubbers derived from natural rubber (NR) grafted with sodium acrylate (NaAA) through reactive blending using an internal mixer operated at a rotor speed of 80 rpm and 150°C. The key parameters affecting the grafting efficiency of NR‐g‐NaAA were investigated in terms of the fill factor (FF) of the chamber, mixing time, and NaAA content. Lastly, the grafted sample (with a suitable grafting efficiency) was crosslinked using peroxide curing to produce X(NR‐g‐NaAA) as a hydrophilic NR sample. Results showed that grafting efficiency of the NR‐g‐NaAA samples tended to decrease with increasing FF and NaAA contents owing to the higher chain‐scission reaction rather than the free‐radical generation on the NR molecules in the mastication step, while the optimal mixing time was only 4 min. The remarkable improvement in the hydrophilicity of NR by grafting with NaAA was established via the presence of C = O vibration of the ionized carboxylate group (–COO−) of NaAA located at 1559 cm−1. Increasing the grafting efficiency up to 69% resulted in a marked decrease in the water contact angle from 103° to 72° and enhanced the water swelling of the X(NR‐g‐NaAA) sample.
Mechanically robust sodium alginate/cellulose nanofibers/polyethyleneimine composite aerogel for effective removal of hexavalent chromium and anionic dyes
Authors: Xie Qian , Zou Yuke , Wang Yazhou , Wang Haibo , Du Zongliang , Cheng Xu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo improve the mechanical properties and adsorption capacity of sodium alginate aerogel (SA), cellulose nanofibers were used as reinforcing fillers, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as a crosslinker to reinforce the SA aerogel. Moreover, PEI provided functional groups to adsorb Cr(VI) and anionic dyes (Congo red [CR] and Methyl orange [MO]) through electrostatic and coordination action. The biomass aerogel adsorption materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and so on. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite aerogel adsorbent for Cr(VI), CR, and MO under the optimal pH value was 726.59, 2007.48, and 2253.38 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir model and quasi‐second‐order kinetics can be employed to reasonably describe the adsorption process of Cr(VI) and anionic dyes. Compared with other reported adsorption materials, this biomass composite aerogel has notable advantages such as simple preparation, economical application, high adsorption capacity, convenient recycling, and environmental.
Exploring telehealth during COVID for assessing autism spectrum disorder in a diverse sample
Authors: Stavropoulos Katherine K.M. , Heyman Michelle , Salinas Giselle , Baker Elizabeth , Blacher Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the importance of telehealth has rapidly increased, in particular as many in‐person clinics have closed. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As such, the need for timely assessments and diagnoses remains despite COVID‐19‐related closures. This study offers preliminary data collected from 23 children assessed through a no‐cost autism clinic in Southern California using a novel telehealth model. This includes an overview of an adapted, telehealth version of in‐person observational assessment techniques for diagnosing autism. In addition, preliminary data on social validity assessed at two points are presented. Findings suggest that caregivers found the telehealth assessment procedures acceptable and convenient, and overall were satisfied with both the assessment and the written report/verbal feedback. Implications for future uses of telehealth are discussed, including how telehealth can assist with decision‐making around school‐based services and/or placement.
Rapid analysis of strigolactone receptor activity in a Nicotiana benthamiana dwarf14 mutant
Authors: White Alexandra R. F. , Mendez Jose A. , Khosla Aashima , Nelson David C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDWARF14 (D14) is an ɑ/β‐hydrolase and receptor for the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) in angiosperms. Upon SL perception, D14 works with MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) to trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of DWARF53(D53)‐type proteins in the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1‐LIKE (SMXL) family. We used CRISPR‐Cas9 to generate knockout alleles of the two homoeologous D14 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The Nbd14a,b double mutant had several phenotypes that are consistent with the loss of SL perception in other plants, including increased axillary bud outgrowth, reduced height, shortened petioles, and smaller leaves. A ratiometric fluorescent reporter system was used to monitor degradation of SMXL7 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSMXL7) after transient expression in N. benthamiana and treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24. AtSMXL7 was degraded after treatment with GR245DS, which has the stereochemical configuration of natural SLs, as well as its enantiomer GR24ent‐5DS. In Nbd14a,b leaves, AtSMXL7 abundance was unaffected by rac‐GR24 or either GR24 stereoisomer. Transient coexpression of AtD14 with the AtSMXL7 reporter in Nbd14a,b restored the degradation response to rac‐GR24, but required an active catalytic triad. We used this platform to evaluate the ability of several AtD14 mutants that had not been characterized in plants to target AtSMXL7 for degradation.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of Anthonomus grandis grandis Boh. in tropical cotton fields
Authors: Oliveira Andréa A. S. , Araújo Tamíris A. , Showler Allan T. , Araújo Ana C. A. , Almeida Igor S. , Aguiar Renata S. A. , Miranda José E. , Fernandes Flávio L. , Bastos Cristina S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge of the spatio‐temporal distribution of pests is important for the development of accurate management approaches. The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boh., is a deleterious cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., pest in the western hemisphere. The spread of boll weevils across cotton fields remains poorly understood. We assessed the dispersal pattern of adult weevils through cotton fields cultivated in a tropical area during dry and wet seasons using geostatistics for the number of adults and infested reproductive structures (buds, bolls and total).RESULTSAdult weevils and infested reproductive structures increased across both seasons despite the prevailing climatic variables. In both seasons, boll weevil adults and infested reproductive structures followed an aggregated distribution. The distances over which samples maintained spatial dependence varied from 0.7 to 43.4 m in the dry season and from 6.0 to 614.4 m in the wet season. Boll weevil infestations started at field borders and the infested reproductive structures (oviposition and/or feeding punctured) were greater than the adults regardless of cotton growth stage.CONCLUSIONSampling for boll weevils in cotton fields should start at the field borders and focus on total infested reproductive structures (buds + bolls) and as cotton plants develop, sampling should focus on the field as a whole. Distances among samples will vary from 6 to 470 m. Thus, despite the cotton phenological stage or growing season, monitoring of boll weevil should be done by sampling total infested reproductive structures with a minimum distance of 6 m among samples. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A new method to validate and compare varietal resistance and yield tolerance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) against the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtiiSchmidt
Authors: Wright Alistair JD , Stevens Mark , Back Matthew A , Sparkes Debbie L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBeet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt is a global threat to sugar beet crops, and is found in every major sugar beet growing region. Annual losses due to this nematode can be severe, being estimated at €90 m in Europe alone in the 1990s. Fortunately tolerant, resistant and partially resistant varieties have since been introduced which help to limit yield loss and are now widely being deployed in infested fields. However, understanding yield performance of these varieties has been difficult, especially when variety testing programmes usually require uninfested fields.RESULTSFor the first time, and in a standardised manner, we can now assess simultaneously the resistance of different varieties to BCN and their actual yield tolerance, by comparing them to varieties grown in uninfested micro‐plots alongside those which are infested. This method provides new insights on variety yield performance and nematode reproduction over an entire growing season. In addition, the investigations are also been able to detect significant physiological differences in the development and growth of the tolerant varieties' canopies and leaf chlorophyll levels.CONCLUSIONSOur findings are of direct benefit to sugar beet growers challenged by BCN. The standardised testing provides new information on predicted variety performance. We found that these tests are justified, as not all tolerant varieties respond in the same manner to nematode infestation. Therefore, these assessments will become a vital part of variety testing for sugar beet growers, allowing for tailored deployment of variety types and more informed decision making on‐farm, helping to maximise yields whilst minimising nematode damage. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The sensitivity of the West African monsoon circulation to intraseasonal soil moisture feedbacks
Authors: Talib Joshua , Taylor Christopher M. , Klein Cornelia , Harris Bethan L. , Anderson Seonaid R. , Semeena Valiyaveetil S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntraseasonal soil moisture variability has the potential to feed back onto the West Africa monsoon circulation through its influence on surface turbulent fluxes and planetary boundary‐layer characteristics. Using satellite observations and an atmospheric reanalysis, we investigate intraseasonal soil moisture–atmosphere feedbacks triggered by large‐scale dynamics within the West African monsoon. Surprisingly, even though the surface response across the Sahel to strong convection is short‐lived (days) and precipitation accumulations are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, a coherent regional‐scale surface response to intraseasonal variability is observed. This surface response then feeds back onto the West African monsoon circulation. For example, during a dry intraseasonal event, Sahelian surface soil moisture significantly decreases, which elevates surface temperatures by 1.5 °C and shifts the monsoon circulation southward by approximately 1.5° latitude. Also, during a wet event the surface moistens and cools which leads to a northward monsoon shift. Alongside a low‐level wind response, the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) also responds to surface changes due to variations in the meridional temperature gradient. For example, an increased temperature gradient during a dry event intensifies and shifts the AEJ southward. The combined response of low‐level monsoon westerlies and the AEJ impacts low‐level shear and characteristics of strong convection. Elevated low‐level shear during a dry event promotes an intensification of deep convection across southern West Africa. This study provides new insight into the sensitivity of the West African monsoon circulation to intraseasonal soil moisture feedbacks and encourages similar research in other regions. An improved understanding and model representation of soil moisture–atmosphere feedbacks has the potential to improve forecasts beyond daily time‐scales and enhance early warning systems.
Theoretical study of decomposition of formic acid over Pd catalyst anchored on N‐doped graphene
Authors: Shi Chengkuan , Dong Wenjing , Li Fang , Xue Wei , Wang Yanji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe formic acid decomposition (FAD) reaction generates H2 or CO via two competing pathways. The development of high‐efficiency catalysts and clarification of the FAD reaction mechanism are therefore important. Single‐atom/single‐site catalysts (SACs/SSCs) are attracting considerable attention due to their maximum atomic utilization, considerable cost reductions, and superior potential catalytic activity and selectivity. In this work, we precisely designed PdN3‐G and Pd3N3‐G to elucidate the FAD reaction mechanism and used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the effects of Pd atoms and Pd3 clusters. Calculations were performed for four possible FAD reaction pathways. The FAD reaction cannot be achieved completely on the PdN3‐G surface because of the high energy barriers. However, Pd3N3‐G is more favorable with a rate‐determining step energy barrier of 0.55 eV for the carboxyl pathway; the energy barrier for the formate pathway is 1.61 eV. The energy barriers of the two CO pathways are 1.31 and 3.01 eV, respectively. The results indicate that Pd3N3‐G is a promising catalyst for FAD reaction and provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of SACs/SSCs for FAD reaction.
A High‐Mobility Hole Bilayer in a Germanium Double Quantum Well
Authors: Tosato Alberto , Ferrari Beatrice , Sammak Amir , Hamilton Alexander R. , Veldhorst Menno , Virgilio Michele , Scappucci Giordano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA hole bilayer in a strained germanium double quantum well is designed, fabricated, and studied. Magnetotransport characterization of double quantum well field‐effect transistors as a function of gate voltage reveals the population of two hole channels with a high combined mobility of and a low percolation density of . The individual population of the channels from the interference patterns of the Landau fan diagram was resolved. At a density of the system is in resonance and an anti‐crossing of the first two bilayer subbands is observed and a symmetric‐antisymmetric gap of is estimated, in agreement with Schrödinger‐Poisson simulations.