bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of feeding volumes on performance and bone characteristics of Embrapa 051 laying hens housed in a cage-free system
Authors: Forgiarini Juliana , Krabbe Everton Luis , Alves Débora Aline , Silveira de Ávila Valdir , Nunes da Silva Suelen , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves , Rutz Fernando , Büttow Roll Victor Fernando 
Published: March 2022

Context Few studies have been conducted with the Brazilian Embrapa 051 hens to improve the feed conversion rate and control skeletal health in this breed. Aims To determine how different feeding volumes affect the laying rate and bone quality of the Embrapa 051 (E051) strain in comparison with Lohmann Brown (LB). Methods In total, 600 E051 and 200 LB hens were subjected to the following treatments: (1) control (LB fed 100% of their dietary requirements), (2) E051 fed 93% of the control diet, (3) E051 fed 100% of the control diet, and (4) E051 fed 107% of the control diet. Key results Throughout the 37–72 weeks of age, LB hens presented a higher egg production rate than E051 hens (P < 0.05). The bodyweight and egg production rate were lower in E051 when hens received 93% of the E051 control diet. The E051 hens achieved higher values for tibia weight and length and Seedor index than did LB hens (P < 0.05). At Week 40, the E051 hens fed 93% of the control diet presented a greater tibia weight (12.6 vs 11.5 g), length (124.5 vs 118.9 mm) and strength (21.9 vs 15.5 kgf), Seedor index (101.7 vs 96.13), and ash (33.0 vs 29.6%), calcium (11.1 vs 9.8%) and phosphorus (4.9 vs 4.5%) concentrations than did LB hens. However, at 73 weeks of age, the only differences observed in favour of E051 hens fed 93% of the control diet were for tibia weight, tibia length and tibia strength in comparison with LB hens (P < 0.05). Conclusions LB hens showed a higher performance, but lower bone quality than did E051 hens. E051 receiving 7% less feed showed a reduced laying rate but, in contrast, better bone quality. This study showed that the best feeding strategy for Embrapa 051 hens was to use the same feeding volume as recommended for Lohmann Brown hens. Implications Despite E051 hens showing a lower laying rate than that of LB hens, especially when receiving a restricted amount of feed, E051 is an accessible alternative breed with excellent bone quality for free-range systems in Brazil.
Dissecting the difference in tree species richness between Africa and South America
Authors: Silva de Miranda Pedro Luiz , Dexter Kyle G. , Swaine Michael D. , de Oliveira-Filho Ary Teixeira , Hardy Olivier J. , Fayolle Adeline 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Our full-scale comparison of Africa and South America’s lowland tropical tree floras shows that both Africa and South America’s moist and dry tree floras are organized similarly: plant families that are rich in tree species on one continent are also rich in tree species on the other continent, and these patterns hold across moist and dry environments. Moreover, we confirm that there is an important difference in tree species richness between the two continents, which is linked to a few families that are exceptionally diverse in South American moist forests, although dry formations also contribute to this difference. Plant families only present on one of the two continents do not contribute substantially to differences in tree species richness.
Structural insights into the activation of autoinhibited human lipid flippase ATP8B1 upon substrate binding
Authors: Cheng Meng-Ting , Chen Yu , Chen Zhi-Peng , Liu Xin , Zhang Zhiyong , Chen Yuxing , Hou Wen-Tao , Zhou Cong-Zhao 
Published: March 2022

Significance
ATP8B1 is a P4 ATPase that maintains membrane asymmetry by transporting phospholipids across the cell membrane. Disturbance of lipid asymmetry will lead to the imbalance of the cell membrane and eventually, cell death. Thus, defects in ATP8B1 are usually associated with severe human diseases, such as intrahepatic cholestasis. The present structures of ATP8B1 complexed with its auxiliary noncatalytic partners CDC50A and CDC50B reveal an autoinhibited state of ATP8B1 that could be released upon substrate binding. Moreover, release of this autoinhibition could be facilitated by the bile acids, which are key factors that alter the membrane asymmetry of hepatocytes. This enabled us to figure out a feedback loop of bile acids and lipids across the cell membrane.
Outsourced hearing in an orb-weaving spider that uses its web as an auditory sensor
Authors: Zhou Jian , Lai Junpeng , Menda Gil , Stafstrom Jay A. , Miles Carol I. , Hoy Ronald R. , Miles Ronald N. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The sense of hearing in all known animals relies on possessing auditory organs that are made up of cellular tissues and constrained by body sizes. We show that hearing in the orb-weaving spider is functionally outsourced to its extended phenotype, the proteinaceous self-manufactured web, and hence processes behavioral controllability. This finding opens new perspectives on animal extended cognition and hearing—the outsourcing and supersizing of auditory function in spiders. This study calls for reinvestigation of the remarkable evolutionary ecology and sensory ecology in spiders—one of the oldest land animals. The sensory modality of outsourced hearing provides a unique model for studying extended and regenerative sensing and presents new design features for inspiring novel acoustic flow detectors.
The solute carrier SLC15A4 is required for optimal trafficking of nucleic acid–sensing TLRs and ligands to endolysosomes
Authors: Rimann Ivo , Gonzalez-Quintial Rosana , Baccala Roberto , Kiosses William B. , Teijaro John R. , Parker Christopher G. , Li Xiaohong , Beutler Bruce , Kono Dwight H. , Theofilopoulos Argyrios N. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
A large body of evidence has indicated that recognition of self-nucleic acids by endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to the pathogenesis of lupus-like systemic autoimmunity in spontaneous mouse models, and the solute carrier SLC15A4 is required for this recognition. Here we describe a mechanism in which SLC15A4 is a major contributor to the proper trafficking of TLRs and their ligands to endolysosomes, wherein recognition and signaling is initiated. This finding supports ongoing efforts to identify pharmacologic inhibitors for this carrier as a means to treat lupus and other inflammatory disorders.
Simple traversable wormholes violating energy conditions only near the Planck scale
Authors: Maeda Hideki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a static and axisymmetric traversable wormhole spacetime with vanishing Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass which is characterized by a length parameter l and a deformation parameter a and reduces to the massless Kerr vacuum wormhole as l → 0. The spacetime is analytic everywhere and regularizes a ring-like conical singularity of the massless Kerr wormhole by virtue of a localized exotic matter which violates the standard energy conditions only near the wormhole throat. In the spherically symmetric case (a = 0), the areal radius of the wormhole throat is exactly l and all the standard energy conditions are respected outside the proper radial distance approximately 1.60l from the throat. While the curvature at the throat is beyond the Planck scale if l is identical to the Planck length l
p, our wormhole may be a semi-classical model for l ≃ 10l
p. With l = 10l
p, the total amount of the negative energy supporting this wormhole is only E ≃ −26.5m
p
c
2, which is the rest mass energy of about −5.77 × 10−4 g. It is shown that the geodesic behavior on the equatorial plane does not qualitatively change by the localization of an exotic matter.
Theoretical calculation of characteristic radiation: multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock calculations in scandium K

α
and K

β
Authors: Dean J W , Pushkarna P , Melia H A , Nguyen T V B , Chantler C T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The characteristic x-ray spectra of 3d transition metals are a constant source of advances in atomic physics, x-ray spectrometry, and quantum mechanics. Prior to this work, there was a discrepancy of 0.549 eV between theoretical and experimental results for the scandium Kα
1 peak energy, representing a 55σ discrepancy using the experimental uncertainty. This work improves this to a 0.330 eV discrepancy with only a 4σ error between experiment and theory. Furthermore, we add considerable evidence that asymmetries in x-ray spectra are described by shake events. This work provides ab initio calculations for the diagram and shake-off satellite lines of Sc Kα and Kβ and makes significant improvement on the previous fitting between theory and experiment, from a

χ

r

2

of 7.35 and 20.85 to 1.60 and 1.45 for Kα and Kβ, respectively. Therefore, we make a strong claim that the asymmetries in scandium x-ray lines exist due to satellite lines with very little room for other hypothesised phenomena to exist, such as Kondo-like interactions and Doniac–Sunjic asymmetries. By fitting to the best experimental data for Sc Kα, β we obtain values for the width and intensity of the satellite lines which enable us to reconstruct the Kα, Kβ profiles.
A high-speed single-photon detection scheme based on frequency domain filtering
Authors: Wu Jin , Rong Yue , Wan Chenggong , Shi Yumeng , Sun Xingsheng , Zheng Lixia , Sun Weifeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a high-speed integrated circuit for narrow-gated single-photon detection. Due to the parasitic capacitor that exists in the avalanche photo-diode (APD), the avalanche signal pulse triggered by the received photon is easily mixed with unavoidable spike noise arising from the gated clock. The traditional double-ended architecture extracts avalanche signals by suppressing common-mode noise. In order to overcome the shortcomings of high cost and mismatch in the traditional architecture, this paper adopts a single-ended detection architecture and deals with the problem of spike noise from the perspective of the frequency domain. According to the difference between the frequency characteristics of the spike noise and the avalanche signal, the effective separation of the two signals can be realized in the frequency domain by a low-pass filter with a specific cut-off frequency. The signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system is improved by using the subsequent amplification and discrimination circuit, so as to realize sensitive detection of the avalanche signals. The proposed circuit is implemented in 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology and occupies an effective area of 2.6 mm2. The test results show that the single-ended detection system can sensitively discriminate photon signals with an emission frequency below 20 MHz when the whole circuit, including the APD, is operated at room temperature, where the minimum voltage amplitude converted from the avalanche current of the APD is around 20 mV, and the stopband attenuation of the filter at 1 GHz frequency is −58.8 dB.
Majorana-like end states in one-dimensional dimerized Kitaev topolectrical circuit
Authors: Yao Junjie , Hao Xiamin , Song Biyu , Jia Yizhen , Hua Chenqiang , Zhou Miao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Majorana zero modes (MZMs) have attracted tremendous attention in condensed matter and materials physics communities due to the implications in topological quantum computation. One-dimensional (1D) dimerized Kitaev chain is a prototype model for MZMs, but its realization remains a challenge in material systems. Here, we develop a distinctive approach to achieve Majorana-like end states (MESs) by implementing practical dimerized Kitaev topolectrical circuits. Specifically, two arrays of inductors are arranged to simulate particles and antiparticles, while intra- and inter-array capacitive connections are used to model hopping and superconducting pairing. Three topological phases can be achieved by tuning the capacitance, i.e. the trivial phase, Su–Schrieffer–Heeger topological phase and Kitaev phase, with distinct field strength distributions in real space. Majorana splitting is observed around a domain wall in the circuit, and we propose an efficient experimental observable-edge distance-to characterize the process as premonition of topological phase transition. Remarkably, dynamics of the Gaussian wave packet in time domain provide an excellent signal to detect MESs in experiments, as only MESs allow nonlocal propagation in circuit network. Our results not only manifest the superiorities of topolectrical circuits for exotic topological states, but also pave the way for possible applications in electrical engineering and signal processing.
Entropy production and lumping of species can effectively reduce complex cell signaling pathways
Authors: Khoshnaw Sarbaz H A , Rasool Hemn M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A complicated issue in many cell signaling pathways is mainly related to the number of state variables and parameters. This is computationally very expensive, it may sometimes difficult to predict their model dynamics. Such problems in cell signaling pathways can be simplified and analyzed easily based on model reduction approaches. In this work, we suggest a model reduction technique based on entropy production analysis and lumping of isolated species. The proposed approach provides an improvement in the field of cell signaling pathways. We apply this technique to minimize the number of reactions and elements for the elongation factors EF–Tu and EF–Ts pathways. Computational simulations are computed for the given initial values and parameters. The results provide accuracy and important agreement between the original and reduced models. More interestingly, the model approaches here may apply to a variety of complex cell signaling networks and may use for theoretical and practical purposes.
Crowdsourcing in Megascience projects in Russia: current state and prospects
Authors: Vorontsov D I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Within the framework of this article, the potential application of crowdsourcing mechanisms for the development of Megascience-class projects in Russia and the issues that arise in this regards are considered. Examples of the use of crowdsourcing mechanisms in current projects of this class are given. Proposals for their possible use in the future are made. The work raises the question of the branches of law, with the help of which it will be possible to regulate crowdsourcing in Russia.
A Image Segmentation Method Based on Dual Convolutions
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Hu Xichuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fundus retinal vascular image has high medical diagnostic value. Its segmentation image can help assess diseases that cause retinopathy, such as cerebral small vessel disease, coronary artery disease, glaucoma, and diabetes. Classical encoder-decoder segmentation methods like Unet cannot extract subtle details as well in the retinal vessel due to its complex structure. In this paper, we propose an improved Unet algorithm based on dual convolutions and integrate MultiRes feature extraction module. The MultiRes module improves the feature learning ability of micro vessels, which can collect further subtle details. The dual convolutions module utilizes dual feature maps with varying scales and channels, exchanges feature information with each other, thus can capture retinal vasculatures with better performance. Experiment based on the DRIVE dataset indicates that the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUC(area under curve), and Dice coefficient of the proposed model are 96.13%, 78.57%, 98.17%, 97.29% and 80.87%. Compared with the existing advanced algorithms, our proposed algorithm shows its effectiveness.
Influence of Mesh Density on Repeatability of FSW Process Simulation Based on DEFORM
Authors: Lu Xiaohong , Qiao Jinhui , Luan Yihan , Han Zesheng , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To solve the problem of the relative error caused by mesh density is difficult to quantitatively evaluate, a process simulation model of FSW (friction stir welding) 2219 aluminum alloy is built based on DEFORM. Process simulation models with different mesh densities are solved, the influence of mesh density on simulation repeatability and time-consuming is analyzed, and the mesh density suitable for the process simulation model is determined. The evaluation method proposed offers a theoretical reference for the determination of local optimal mesh density of the FSW process simulation model based on DEFORM. This study provides a basis for high precision prediction and characterization of the temperature distribution of FSW on heavy-lift launch vehicle fuel tank.
Accurate Measurement of DC Electric Energy in Power Plant
Authors: Gong Dan , Zhang Chuang , Ma Jian , Zhang Congyu , Liu Xinyu , Guo Shuai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the development of electric vehicles, the corresponding charging facilities are gradually accelerating the construction. Aiming at the corresponding problems existing in the domestic electric vehicle charging facilities, such as management and control, operation and maintenance and testing, this paper studies the integrated test system for AC / DC charging facilities, and introduces the design concept, hardware scheme, software scheme and processor platform of the system in detail. The system is based on GB/T18487.1-2015, NB/T33008-2018 and other test standards, and can be used for type experiments and performance tests of charging piles. The research results in this paper are conducive to the development of charging inspection facilities in the direction of integration, digitization, and automation. It is of great significance for charging facilities to reduce operation and maintenance costs and improve charging service level. It is conducive to promoting and ensuring the sustainable development of the domestic electric vehicle industry and the needs of implementing China’s long-term development plan and energy conservation and emission reduction policies.
Face Dataset Augmentation with Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Cong Kelun , Zhou Mian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Face recognition is a widely used scene of artificial intelligence technology. However, some face occlusions cause the face to be unable to be effectively detected in a specific environment. Although many algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, in essence, a large number of face image data containing occlusion elements is needed to train to improve the detection ability of the algorithm. In recent years, this problem can be effectively solved by using the image generation ability of generative adversarial network. This paper proposes an improved Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), which improves the effect of occluded face image generation by adding coding module. Through the expansion of data set, the detection accuracy of several classic face detection models for occluded faces is improved by more than 3%. At the moment when the epidemic has not been over, occlusion face data is of great significance to improve the performance of face detection systems in specific public places such as customs security inspection and medical centers.
Classification Prediction Model Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Jiang Da , Liu Changhua , Ou Zuhao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a method of plant image processing combined with BP neural network was proposed to predict the disease degree of brassica napus. First, the initial image preprocessing, the roots of brassica napus. were used by Otsu threshold segmentation algorithm is combined with morphological open operation, segment the rape root image with better effect, in order to reduce image size inconsistent on the effects of extracting feature parameters, can be reconstructed images after segmentation, and then obtain the root image multiple characteristic parameters, Through chart correlation analysis to select the feature parameter information, with the characteristics of the rape root disease was positively associated with the degree of disease information to refactor pixel area and the longest diameter, finally establish the BP neural network, two characteristic parameters extracted as input, root disease degree level as the output, training network and prediction and comparison. The experimental results showed that the mean square error of the classification network for brassica olerica was 0.049, and the accuracy rate of the classification results predicted by the model was about 93%. The prediction effect was good and feasible.
The Influence of Control Parameters on Precision of Welding Seam Tracking in Manually Control Master-slave Robot Remote Welding System
Authors: Chen Hongtang , Ma Haijun , Jiang Hongli , Lv Shenjin , Li Yong , Liu Heshan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The welding seam tracking precision is one of the key factors to ensure welding qua ntity. However, when the operator manually manipulate the master robot to control the slave ro bot tracking welding seam used the master- slave robot remote welding system, seam tracking precision does not meet the requirement of the welding quantity, the influence of control param eters on precision of welding seam tracking is unkown. In this article, a master-slave robot rem ote welding system is set up which includes a master robot with 6 degrees of freedom, a compu ter control system, and robot HP3J carrying a welding torch and laser sensor system. The slave robot tracking welding seam was controlled by computer control system and the human operat or via master manipulator. The influence of control parameters (cross deviation, arc length and welding speed) on precision of welding seam tracking was analysed. The experiment results de monstrate the more control parameters of operator, the lower tracking precision, so in order to guarantee a good welding seam tracking effect, the operator should control less parameters.
A New Optimization Method for Pole-arc Parameters of Variable-gap Two-phase Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Wang Ruihao , Huo Junling , Pan Xiaowei , Wang Qihui , Wu Hongxing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a switched reluctance motor with simple structure, a two-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM) has the advantages of the above. In contrast, the complexity of the motor structure and the manufacturing cost are low, and only one-way operation is required. The control strategy is simple. Based on the analysis of the self-starting mechanism of the two-phase switched reluctance motor with variable air-gap rotor structure, the structure scheme of the variable airgap rotor is determined by the finite element method. Two-dimensional model of two-phase switched reluctance motor with vertical air gap structure. To minimize the electromagnetic torque ripple, the structure parameters of the motor such as air gap, stator-rotor pole arc and winding turns are optimized. To solve the finite element optimization simulation time process, a numerical batch interpolation method is developed to optimize the non-uniform pole arc of the rotor to improve the finite element simulation speed. Finally, the fixed-rotor pole arc and winding turns of the motor are optimized. The motor parameters are further optimized to make the static performance of the motor more stable.
Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Disturbance Observer
Authors: Song Zehang , Sha Linlin , Yao Xiaodong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A sliding mode control method of surface mount permannent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) based on disturbance observer was proposed to solve the problem of internal parameter disturbance caused by temperature change during PMSM operation. Firstly, a disturbance observer based on parametric disturbance is established. Secondly, a new double power approach law is used to design the speed ring controller, and the stability of the controller and observer is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. The results turns out that the new method can clearly improve the performance of the motor, weaken chattering, enhance the robustness and anti-interference ability.