bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of estradiol on dopaminergic synapse formation in the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Kiyokage Emi , Ichikawa Satoshi , Horie Sawa , Hayashi Shuichi , Toida Kazunori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOlfactory glomeruli are the sites of initial synaptic integration in olfactory information processing. They are surrounded by juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, which include periglomerular, superficial short axon, and external tufted cells. A subpopulation of JG cells expresses the dopamine synthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and aromaticl‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). TH cells corelease γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and their processes extend to multiple glomeruli forming intra‐ and interglomerular circuits. It is well established that 17β‐estradiol (E2) exerts wide ranging effects in the central nervous system. However, participation of E2 in the modulation of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity of TH cells in olfactory glomeruli is unknown. To address this, we subcutaneously implanted a 60‐day release pellet of E2 or placebo into intact male mice and compared glomerular TH, AADC, and vesicular γ‐aminobutyric acid transporter (VGAT) immunoreactivity between them. High‐voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and ultra‐HVEM using immunogold revealed significantly increased immunoreactive intensity at the cellular level for TH and AADC after E2 treatment and for VGAT in TH cells. These results indicate that E2 may affect the interplay between dopaminergic and GABAergic systems. Moreover, random‐section electron microscopy analysis showed a significant increase in the number of symmetrical synapses from TH cell to mitral/tufted cell dendrites after E2 treatment. This result was supported by quantitative immunofluorescence staining with synapse markers. Together, these data indicate that E2 may regulate inhibition between TH cells and olfactory bulb neurons within the glomerulus via interaction between dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, thereby contributing to neuromodulation of odor information processing.
In vitro aging of stallion spermatozoa during prolonged storage at 5°C
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Claes Anthony , Buijtendorp Marijn , Cuervo‐Arango Juan , Stout Tom A. E. , Henning Heiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial insemination with chilled stallion semen is hampered by a limited period of maximum fertility maintenance (24–48 h). This study used multiparametric flow cytometry to simultaneously measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial function or [Ca2+]iand plasma membrane fluidity in viable, acrosome‐intact spermatozoa, with the aim of providing insight into changes in sperm function during storage at 5°C. High proportions of viable and acrosome‐intact spermatozoa (71 ± 8%) remained after 96 h of storage demonstrating that the basic integrity of the cells was well preserved (n = 17 stallions). In addition, more than 90% of viable, acrosome‐intact spermatozoa had active mitochondria and low intra‐cellular or mitochondrial ROS levels. By contrast, the percentage of viable, acrosome‐intact sperm with low plasma membrane fluidity and low [Ca2+]idecreased over time (1 h: 63 ± 16%, 96 h: 29 ± 18%;p < 0.05). The [Ca2+]iin viable sperm rose 3.1‐fold (p < 0.05) over the 4 days, and fewer spermatozoa responded to bicarbonate stimulation (1 h: 46 ± 17%, 96 h: 19 ± 12%) with an increase in plasma membrane fluidity following prolonged storage. Overall, prolonged storage of stallion semen at 5°C resulted in disturbed calcium homeostasis and increased plasma membrane fluidity. The decline in fertility of stallion semen during cooled‐storage may therefore relate to aspects of in vitro aging (changes in plasma membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium) which impairs capacitation‐associated cell functions.
Short‐range multispectral imaging is an inexpensive, fast, and accurate approach to estimate biodiversity in a temperate calcareous grassland
Authors: Jackson John , Lawson Clare S. , Adelmant Celestine , Huhtala Evie , Fernandes Philip , Hodgson Rose , King Hannah , Williamson Lucy , Maseyk Kadmiel , Hawes Nick , Hector Andrew , Salguero‐Gómez Rob 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImage sensing technologies are rapidly increasing the cost‐effectiveness of biodiversity monitoring efforts. Species differences in the reflectance of electromagnetic radiation can be used as a surrogate estimate plant biodiversity using multispectral image data. However, these efforts are often hampered by logistical difficulties in broad‐scale implementation. Here, we investigate the utility of multispectral imaging technology from commercially available unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) in estimating biodiversity metrics at a fine spatial resolution (0.1–0.5 cm pixel resolution) in a temperate calcareous grassland in Oxfordshire, UK. We calculate a suite of moments (coefficient of variation, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) for the distribution of radiance from multispectral images at five wavelength bands (Blue 450 ± 16 nm; Green 560 ± 16 nm; Red 650 ± 16 nm; Red Edge 730 ± 16 nm; Near Infrared 840 ± 16 nm) and test their effectiveness at estimating ground‐truthed biodiversity metrics from in situ botanical surveys for 37–1 × 1 m quadrats. We find positive associations between the average coefficient of variation in spectral radiance and both the Shannon–Weiner and Simpson's biodiversity indices. Furthermore, the average coefficient of variation in spectral radiance is consistent and highly repeatable across sampling days and recording heights. Positive associations with biodiversity indices hold irrespective of the image recording height (2–8 m), but we report reductions in estimates of spectral diversity with increases to UAV recording height. UAV imaging reduced sampling time by a factor of 16 relative to in situ botanical surveys. We demonstrate the utility of multispectral radiance moments as an indicator of biodiversity in this temperate calcareous grassland at a fine spatial resolution using a widely available UAV monitoring system with a coarse spectral resolution. The use of UAV technology with multispectral sensors has far‐reaching potential to provide cost‐effective and high‐resolution monitoring of biodiversity.
Differentiating cumulative and lagged effects of drought on vegetation growth over the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Gu Xiling , Guo Enliang , Yin Shan , Wang Yongfang , Mandula Naren , Wan Zhiqiang , Yun Xiangjun , Li He , Bao Yuhai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrought has a great impact on global terrestrial ecosystems. A large number of studies have shown that the impact of drought on vegetation growth has a lagged and cumulative effect, but it is unclear how much it contributes to different vegetation types. Therefore, based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) base version 2.5 and the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS3g) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets, this study aimed to analyze the response process of different vegetation types to the cumulative and lagged effects of drought in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982–2015 using Pearson correlation and the Mann–Kendall mutation method and deeply explore the magnitude of the contribution of drought cumulative and lagged effects on vegetation using the multiple regression method. Our results show that, from 1982 to 2015 as a whole, NDVI showed an insignificant increasing trend, and SPEI had a significant mutation in 1998 and showed an insignificant increasing trend before and after 1998. Before 1998, the cumulative months were shorter (1–3 months) in the central steppe and agricultural vegetation zones, and the lagged months were longer (10–12 months) in the southeastern steppe and northeastern forest zones; after 1998, the cumulative months of NDVI increased (7–12 months) and the lag months decreased (3–8 months) in most vegetation zones. A comparison of the contribution of drought accumulation and lag to NDVI revealed that the main driver of NDVI has shifted from lagged to cumulative effect.
Linking ecological processes and animal movements to inform timing of long‐term surveys of a migratory game bird
Authors: Bunting Daniel P. , Boggie Matthew A. , Collins Daniel P. , Thorpe Philip P. , Donnelly J. Patrick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManagers typically estimate wildlife abundance using surveys within a timeframe that favors increased detectability; however, the ability to account for probabilities of inclusion, detection, and/or presence within a given sampling area is often limited. Cranes provide a good opportunity to research count accuracy because they are large, conspicuous, and often congregate during part of the year, typically on staging areas (i.e., fall and spring) or on wintering grounds. The objectives of this paper are twofold: (1) to evaluate how environmental factors influence crane movement in and out of crane survey areas to identify the best window of availability for annual survey counts; and (2) to evaluate environmental factors that influence overall crane survey counts from year to year. For Objective 1, a generalized linear mixed model was selected to model the probability of crane presence within survey areas using GPS transmitter data. A binary response variable representing crane movement within and outside formal survey areas was used as the dependent variable to investigate environmental covariates that influence movement into survey areas. Probability of crane presence was explained by seven covariates plus a quadratic term for Julian day number. Interactions between Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and normalized difference vegetation index supported higher probability of crane presence in survey areas during times of drought. Probability of crane presence increased throughout the entire study period (May–October), suggesting that formal surveys in September could be augmented or replaced by surveys in October. For Objective 2, a negative binomial model with linear parameterization was selected to model crane counts using census data compiled from 1995 to 2019. Covariates were acquired at the watershed scale using Hydrologic Unit Code 6 boundaries. Of the 17 covariates investigated, we found that 18‐month precipitation (PPTgss), PDSI, and minimum temperature (Tempmin) explained most of the variability in crane census counts. High PPTgss (antecedent moisture), low PDSI (drought conditions), and low Tempmin (cold extremes) result in higher annual crane counts. The ability to link ecological processes to wildlife movement and population abundance both locally and at landscape scales has long‐ranging implications on resource projections, conservation, and the ability to deploy adaptive management.
The value of synchrotron radiation X‐ray techniques to explore microscale chemistry for ecology and evolution research
Authors: Dinsley James M. , Davies Helena S. , Gomez‐Gonzalez Miguel A. , Robinson Clare H. , Pittman Jon K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSynchrotron radiation (SR) techniques, which use high‐energy photon beams to create high‐resolution images and spectra of a sample, are valuable analytical methods that have long benefited physical, geological, and biochemical research. Recent developments in synchrotron infrastructure have allowed SR techniques to become a more accessible resource for studying ecological and evolutionary phenomena at the micro‐ or nanoscale. Here we provide a synthesis to SR techniques, how they compare with other analytical techniques, how they have been used, and then discuss how this technology has significant potential for future applications within ecology and evolution research. A literature review demonstrates the growing use of SR techniques within environmental and ecological research communities, alongside the variety of organisms and target elements that have been prioritized since 2000. Clear gaps still exist within the imaging of lighter, biologically relevant elements (e.g., C, N, and P) for assessing their cycling within organisms, and also in the study of a wider range of microbial, vertebrate, and invertebrate species. While different organism types and target elements may require different sample preparation strategies, the selection of an appropriate elemental fixation method (chemical or cryogenic), embedding material, sample thickness, and mounting material is particularly important. We demonstrate the opportunities that SR techniques present to those in the fields of environmental biology, ecology, and evolutionary science who may be unfamiliar, while demystifying the caveats and sample preparation considerations that must be addressed to acquire high‐quality data. While these techniques are currently mainly employed within the context of environmental pollution and ecotoxicology studies, we argue that elemental imaging, X‐ray microscopy and spectroscopic analysis have a huge, largely untapped potential within agri‐ecology, paleoclimatology, and comparative and functional morphology studies.
Organophosphites: An Addition to the Arsenal of Organocatalysts
Authors: Baral Nilofar , Rani Soniya , Saikia Pinku , Maity Pradip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganophosphites are nucleophilic in nature and can act as a good leaving group owing to the stability of the phosphite anion. This dual reactivity makes them good candidates for nucleophilic organocatalysis. However, phosphites were introduced only in 2004 as the umpolung catalyst for acylsilane substrates utilizing sequential Brook rearrangements. Very recently, phosphites have been reported to catalyze aza‐rearrangements and radical reactions. In this review, we discuss the reactivity parameters to understand its lack of use, as well as the potential for catalysis.
Progress in (Thio)urea‐ and Squaramide‐Based Brønsted Base Catalysts with Multiple H‐Bond Donors
Authors: Vera Silvia , García‐Urricelqui Ane , Mielgo Antonia , Oiarbide Mikel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThiourea‐ and squaramide‐based bifunctional base catalysts represent nowadays a powerful tool in the field of asymmetric catalysis and have demonstrated very efficient for promoting a wide variety of transformations enantioselectively. New versions that incorporate one or various additional H‐bond donor site(s) in the catalyst structure have been developed recently which led to more active (reduced catalyst loadings) and selective catalysts. This review highlights the pioneering ideas and the most recent contributions to the area with the material organized according to the nature of the additional H‐bond donor functionality. The advantages, current limitations and perspectives of these new multifunctional catalysts are discussed.
Combining Matteson Homologations and Claisen Rearrangements – An Efficient Protocol for Amino Acid Synthesis
Authors: Kinsinger Thorsten , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Matteson homologation with vinyl nucleophiles was found to be an efficient and versatile protocol for the synthesis of substituted chiral allyl alcohols in a highly stereoselective fashion. These alcohols can be coupled withN‐protected glycine and subsequently subjected to zinc‐chelated ester‐enolate Claisen rearrangements to yield highly substituted unsaturated amino acids. By varying the nucleophiles used in the Matteson homologations, the method allows control over not only the stereogenic centers but also the side‐chain substitution pattern in the newly formed γ,δ‐unsaturated amino acids.
A novel piezoelectric energy harvester of noncontact magnetic force for a vehicle suspension system
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Zhang Baifu , Li Yongxin , Bao Chunjiang , Wang Tie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe vehicle suspension system is considered to have tremendous potential in energy harvesting and to be applicable for improving the efficiency of energy use of the vehicle. A novel piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) with noncontact magnetic force has the feature of low friction loss and is designed based on the vibration characteristic of the suspension system. The research comprises two main components: the motion conversion component and the energy conversion component. A screw‐nut mechanism that can convert linear vibration between the vehicle body and the wheel into rotational motion is used as the motion conversion component. The energy conversion component is a core component of the PEH; its function is to convert rotational energy into electrical energy through noncontact magnetic force and piezoelectric effect. The magnetic excitation model's credibility and the modeling method's feasibility are verified by experiment and simulation. Through vehicle field tests, the influence of the driving speed, road surface roughness, and cargo state on the harvested power is obtained. Driving on a random road, the maximum of the generated power is 24.28 W, at 60 km/h, under the laden state. Driving on a pulse road, the harvested power is 3346 W, at 30 km/h, under the unladen state. It is indicated that the PEH is a promising and practical option for harvesting energy for the vehicle's suspension system.
Fault tolerance aware workload resource management technique for real‐time workload in heterogeneous computing environment
Authors: Nayagi D Salangai , Sivasankari G G , Ravi Vinayakumar , Venugopal K R , Sankar S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWorkload execution is composed by mapping larger tasks onto heterogeneous environments such as cloud platforms for enhancing the efficiency of workload resource management techniques. Execution of scientific workflow on a cloud platform is time‐consuming, expensive, and requires a fault‐tolerance guarantee. The existing methodology has emphasized on minimizing processing time to reduce costs. However, the processing cost can be reduced by minimizing energy consumption. In providing fault‐tolerance while meeting the workload quality of service requirement the task is offloaded to a new physical machine; Hence, this increases energy consumption and thereby increases the cost of workload execution. In addressing the research challenges this paper presents the fault‐tolerant aware (FTA) workload resource management (WRM) technique. First, the FTA‐WRM optimizes processing and communication costs as an energy constraint leveraging the dynamic voltage frequency scaling technique. Then, a task offloading mechanism is modeled as an energy constraint with an application delay requirement for providing fault tolerance into the FTA‐WRM. The experiment outcome shows the FTA‐WRM significantly improves processing and energy efficiency in comparison with the existing workload resource management technique.
Antioxidant activity of nanoencapsulated chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed extract and its application to manufacture a functional cheese
Authors: Hosseini Farinaz , Motamedzadegan Ali , Raeisi Shahram Naghizadeh , Rahaiee Somayeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to produce a functional ricotta cheese with chia seed extract (CSE) nanocapsules. First, the CSE was encapsulated using lecithin and basil seed gum, and its characteristics and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated. The free CSE (F‐CSE) and encapsulated CSE (E‐CSE) were then added to ricotta cheese formulation (1.5 and 3.0% w/w). The samples were kept for 15 days in a refrigerator and their physicochemical, sensory properties, AA, and oxidative stability were examined. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of CSE nanocapsules were 59.23 nm, 0.328, −44.47 mV, and 80.06%, respectively. The CSE showed remarkable AA in vitro. The AA of F‐CSE was higher than E‐CSE. The moisture, dry matter, fat, and protein content of cheese samples were in the range of 52.64%–53.31%, 46.69%–47.36%, 19.02%–19.28%, and 16.88%–17.02%, respectively. The color of F‐CSE cheeses was slightly yellower than control; however, they did not have clear color differences. During storage, the acidity, hardness, chewiness, and peroxide value of cheeses increased, while the pH, total phenol content, and AA decreased (p < .05). The addition of CSE reduced the rate of pH and acidity changes during storage and significantly increase the AA and oxidative stability. Initially, F‐CSE cheeses had higher functional activity, but on other storage days, due to the protective effect of coating materials, the functional activity of E‐CSE samples was higher. The CSE, especially E‐CSE, did not have an adverse effect on the sensory properties of cheese. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that it is possible to manufacture a functional cheese using E‐CSE.
COVID‐19 effect on patients with noncommunicable diseases: A narrative review
Authors: Al‐Qudimat Ahmad R. , Al Darwish Mohamed B. , Elaarag Mai , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Rejeb Mohamed Amine , Ojha Laxmi K. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Alshunag Timoor , Adawi Karam , Omri Abdelfettah El , Aboumarzouk Omar M. , Yassin Aksam , Al‐Ansari Abdulla A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOn March 11, 2020, the WHO has declared COVID‐19 a global pandemic, affecting our day‐to‐day lives. Physical distancing and lockdown made significant obstacles to populations, particularly healthcare systems. Most healthcare workers were reallocated to COVID‐19 facilities. Noncommunicable disease patients were given low priority and are at a higher risk of severe COVID‐19 infection, which disrupted the treatment and disease management of these patients. This review aimed to assess the effect of COVID‐19 on different types of noncommunicable diseases and the severity it may cause to patients.MethodsWe have conducted a review of the literature on COVID‐19 and noncommunicable diseases from December 2019 until January 2022. The search was done in PubMed and Cochrane for relevant articles using variety of searching terms. Data for study variables were extracted. At the end of the selection process, 46 papers were selected for inclusion in the literature review.ResultThe result from this review found that the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the efficiency of the patient's treatment indirectly by either delaying or canceling sessions, which solidified the need to rely more on telemedicine, virtual visits, and in‐home visits to improve patient education and minimize the risk of exposure to the patients. The major and most common types of noncommunicable diseases are known to be related to the severe outcomes of COVID‐19 infection. It is strongly recommended to prioritize these patients for vaccinations against COVID‐19 to provide them with the protection that will neutralize the risk imposed by their comorbidities.ConclusionWe recommend conducting more studies with larger population samples to further understand the role of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in this pandemic. However, this pandemic has also affected the efficiency of NCDs treatment indirectly by delaying or canceling sessions and others.