bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation study of microstructure and dynamics of Dual-functionalized imidazolium based Ionic Liquids (DFILs)
Authors: Ghasemi Hamid , Yeganegi Saeid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The liquid structures of a series of dual-functionalized ionic liquids (DFILs) composed of functionalized imidazolium cations containing a nitrile group and varying ether side-chain length and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [Tf2N]− anions were studied using molecular dynamic simulation. The interactions between species were described by all-atom OPLS force field. Liquid structures and ionic dynamics were explored. The aim of the current study is to shed light on the effect of cationic ether chain length on the structure and dynamic properties of [C2CNIm (EtO)6 Me]+ DFILs. The accuracy of the applied simulation method and FF were justified by reproducing the experimental densities. Results of this study demonstrated that densities of the studied DFILs decreased by increasing of ether side-chain length. Partial radial distribution functions (PRDFs) showed that despite the larger number and less hindered fluorine atoms than other atoms of anions, the side H atoms of the imidazolium ring of cations tend to spend more time around the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the anions. Calculated PRDFs for the center of mass of cationic ether chains indicated that in the case of [C2CNIm (EtO)6 Me]+ cation, the self-aggregation of ether chains occurs by lengthening the chain. Combined distribution functions show that the strength of hydrogen bonding increase by decreasing ether side-chain length. Calculated diffusion coefficients demonstrate that anion has higher diffusivity than cations. In the case of [C2CNIm (EtO)6 Me]+, the diffusion coefficient is smaller due to its longer ether chain, which can restrict its mobility.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting atrial fibrillation in patients with acute heart failure admitted to the ICU: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Yide , Cai Zhixiong , She Yingfang , Shen Wenjuan , Wang Tinghuai , Luo Liang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

IntroductionAcute heart failure is a serious condition. Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent arrhythmia in patients with acute heart failure. The occurrence of atrial fibrillation occurs in heart failure patients worsen the prognosis and leads to substantially increase in treatment costs.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the MIMIC-IV database of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute heart failure and who were initially sinus rhythm. Data on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory findings, vital signs, and treatment were extracted. The cohort was divided into a training set and a validation set. Variables selected by LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression in the training set were used to develop a model for predicting the emergence of atrial fibrillation in acute heart failure in the ICU. A nomogram was drawn and an online calculator was developed. The performance of the model was tested using the validation set.ResultsThis study enlisted 2342 patients with acute heart failure, 646 of whom developed atrial fibrillation during their ICU stay. Using LASSO and multiple logistic regression, we selected 6 variables: age, prothrombin time, heart rate, use of vasoactive drugs within 24 hours, SOFA score, and APSIII. The C-index of the model was 0.700 (95% confidence interval: 0.672–0.727) and 0.682 (95% confidence interval: 0.639–0.725) in the training and validation set, respectively. The calibration curves also performed well in both sets.ConclusionWe developed a simple and effective model for predicting atrial fibrillation in patients with acute heart failure in the ICU.
Bottleneck Co-ownership as A Regulatory Alternative: Evidence from Airline Industry
Authors: Shen Caixia , Miao Weiou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper empirically tests the bottleneck co-ownership theory presented in Boffa and Panzar (2012) by using data in the US airline industry. We present a structural model of codesharing between major airlines and regional airlines. The empirical evidence in this study supports the bottleneck co-ownership theory. The estimation results show that bottleneck co-ownership as a regulatory alternative gains higher welfare than average pricing in disintegrated vertical relation. Consumers benefit with lower product prices and firms have higher profits.
Integrated longitudinal metabolome and proteome analysis provides new insights into metabolic dysregulations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xu Xiaojiao , Liu Zheyi , Yang Qiu , Zhang Rong , Yu Hang , Wang Manli , Chen Sheng , Xu Guowang , Shao Yaping , Le Weidong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an irreversible fatal neurodegenerative disease with progressive paralysis of limbs and bulb in patients, the cause of which remains unclear. Due to the highly heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology of the disease, there is currently no effective treatment to retard the disease progression. Accumulating studies suggest that motor neuron degeneration is associated with systemic metabolic impairment in ALS. However, the metabolic reprogramming and underlying mechanism in the longitudinal progression of the disease remain poorly understood.
Methods
Here, we applied unbiased LC-MS-based metabolomics to plasma, lumbar spinal cord, and motor cortex tissues from SOD1G93A mice and wildtype (WT) littermates at different stages to explore the metabolic disturbance during disease progression. To elucidate the regulatory network underlying metabolic changes, spinal cords from SOD1G93A and WT mice in the symptomatic stage were further analyzed by proteomics.
Results
The results show that SOD1G93A mice presented marked dysregulations of lipid and purine metabolism in both plasma and spinal cord from the pre-symptomatic stage. Furthermore, the metabolic abnormalities were much more pronounced in the symptomatic stage. By integrating metabolomics and proteomics data, we demonstrated the importance of metabolic pathways in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, and fatty acid degradation in the progression of ALS pathophysiology.
Conclusions
Notably, for the first time, we highlighted that metabolic dysregulation in purine metabolism might be a critical event in the preclinical phase of ALS. The identified differential metabolites and proteins in our study complement existing data on metabolic reprogramming in ALS; the results from the integrative analysis might provide novel perspectives for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of the disease.
A novel SM-Net model to assess the morphological types of Sella Turcica using Lateral Cephalogram
Authors: Shakya Kaushlesh Singh , Jaiswal Manojkumar , Priti K , Alavi Azadeh , Kumar Vinay , Li Minyi , Laddi Amit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Deep learning (DL) models such as two pre-trained VGG models were explored and a novel SM-Net model is proposed to design an automated method for identifying different morphological types of Sella Turcica (ST). Further, all the models were compared based upon prediction results and evaluation metrics.
Materials and Methods
The lateral cephalogram dataset of 653 normal and patients with dentofacial were included and randomly divided into multiple subsets of training and testing data ratios. The manually labelled images encompasses pixel-by-pixel annotation of the Sella Turcica (ST) by dental specialists using an online labelling platform. The different image pre-processing techniques were employed to prepare the image dataset for convolutional neural network (CNN) modelling. The two pre-trained models Standard VGG-19 (SVGG-19), Optimised VGG-19 (OVGG-19) and a proposed SM-Net model were trained. These trained models extract Sella features by identifying an important region in the image and then classify Sella types based on pre-defined classes. Based on obtained training and validation accuracy graphs, we calculated pixel-wise IoU, mean IoU, and Dice coefficient to evaluate the performance of the models.
Results
The proposed SM-Net model shows significant training and prediction results compared to Standard VGG-19 (SVGG-19) and Optimized VGG-19 (OVGG-19). The mean IoU scores for Standard VGG-19 (SVGG-19), Optimized VGG-19 (OVGG-19) and SM-Net are 33.3%, 33.7%, 36.2% respectively and dice coefficients are 35.6%, 37.1, and 40.7% respectively.
Conclusion
The proposed fully-connected automated SM-Net model shows significant results towards detection and identification of morphological types of Sella Turcica (ST). Further work will be aimed to improve the accuracy of the selected model.
Clinical Significance
The proposed study will help dental experts and practitioners to pre-diagnose dentofacial anomalies associated with morphological features of Sella Turcica (ST).
WITHDRAWN: Cardiomyocyte βII Spectrin Plays a Critical Role in Maintaining Cardiac Function via Regulating Mitochondrial Respiratory Function
Authors: Wang Shan , Yang Rongjin , Ruan Banjun , Wang Rutao , Zhang Xiaomeng , Xing Pingping , Li Congye , Zhang Yunyun , Chang Xiaoqian , Zhang Shun , Zhao Huishao , Zhang Feiyu , Yin Tao , Qi Tingting , Yan Wenjun , Zhang Fuyang , Hu Guangyu , Tao Ling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
βII spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein known to be tightly linked to heart development and cardiovascular electrophysiology. However, roles of βII spectrin in cardiac contractile function and post-myocardial infarction pathological remodeling remain unclear. Here, we uncovered that the levels of serum βII spectrin breakdown products (βII SBDPs) were significantly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Consistently, βII spectrin was degraded into βII SBDPs by calpain in mouse hearts after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cardiac-specific βII spectrin deletion results in spontaneous development of cardiac contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Moreover, deletion of βII spectrin in the adult heart exacerbated I/R-induced cardiomyocyte death and heart failure, while restoration of βII spectrin expression by adenoviral saRNA delivery in the heart reduced I/R injury. IP–LC–MS/MS and functional studies revealed that βII spectrin is indispensable for mitochondrial complex I activity and respiratory function. Mechanistically, βII spectrin interacted with mitochondrial complex I to mediate its assembly by crosslinking with actin filaments (F-actin) to maintain F-actin stability. These findings identify βII spectrin as an essential mitochondrial cytoskeletal element for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and cardiac function.
A Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Vegetables and Soil Irrigated with Wastewater in the Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, Area
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Abdullah Muhammad , Abbas Muhammad Tanser , Ullah Irshad , Naz Iffat , Alhodaib Aiyeshah , Uddin Jalal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic factors like industrialization, urbanization, and agrochemical products causes metal pollution in the food chain. Vegetables produced on polluted soil expose individuals to carcinogenic heavy metals once they ingest them. The study examined the risks of contaminants in vegetables cultivated on soils irrigated through wastewater, their origins, and the consequences to individuals. Through analytical techniques of atomic absorption spectrophotometer, total 164 water samples, topsoil, and vegetables for the concentration level of eight toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Cr) were examined. Heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in untreated wastewater ranged from 0.405 to 0.501, 0.207 to 0.288, 0.185 to 0.273, 0.565 to 0.883, 0.077 to 0.210, 0.206 to 0.293, 7.750 to 10.080, and 0.189 to 0.293 mg L− 1 respectively. The results showed that heavy metals had accumulated significantly in the soil and transferred to vegetables. Vegetables grown on soil irrigated with untreated wastewater had metal concentrations substantially higher than those grown on freshwater-irrigated soil and were above US-EPA and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. ANOVA analysis showed no significant differences between the levels of heavy metals in soil. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant positive association between (Pb-Cr) and (Zn-Cu) for soil data. Eight heavy metals categorized into three cluster for soil and seven cluster for vegetables. Three latent components with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 displayed a positive load of anthropogenic trace metals (Ni and Cu) generated for soil data. Pb and Cd have HRIs of > 1 in all vegetables, and Ni has HRIs > 1 for Raphanus sativus, Brassica oleracea, and Spinacia oleracea. Children and adults exposed to a substantial amount of harmful metals using such vegetables.
In Vitro and in Vivo Correlations of Fluorescent or Radioisotope Glucose-Analogs in Imaging Cancer Metabolism
Authors: Lin Hongchang , Kobayashi Mariko , Kushiro Keiichiro , Yanagie Hironobu , Shimazoe Kenji , Takahashi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Molecular Imaging (MI) has become a versatile, indispensable tool in clinical and research settings for disease diagnostics. It can be largely divided into nuclear imaging and fluorescence imaging based on types of tracers involved. However, direct comparisons of both types of tracers in both in vivo and in vitro settings have not been extensively investigated. In particular, how the image-enabling modifications of innate metabolic biomolecules influence the imaging of the actual metabolism is a critical issue in MI. We compared the performances of fluorescent glucose-analog tracers, 2-NBDG and 2-DG-750, against radio-labeled tracer 18 F-FDG for cancer metabolism imaging in both in vitro and in vivo settings, to gain insight into the correlation between these settings, as well as how each image-labeling alter the localization and the metabolic functionality of the imaging biomolecules. In vitro cellular uptakes of 18 F-FDG, 2-NBDG, and 2-DG-750 in four cancer cell lines that possess different glucose uptake characteristics were quantitatively evaluated by fluorescence signals or gamma counters. The three tracers showed different internalization behaviors that seem to correlate with the size and type of the imaging label, and 18 F-FDG had the highest uptake. In vivo imaging of subcutaneous tumor xenograft murine models with positron emission tomography (PET) or whole-animal fluorescence imaging were also performed using the three tracers, and it was found that the ability to be internalized into the cells correlated with the specificity and resolution of cancer metabolic imaging. For example, the hydrophobic and bulky 2-DG-750 had low uptake by cells and displayed poor capabilities in term of imaging glucose metabolism in tumors compared to 18 F-FDG, which demonstrated rapid and localized accumulation as well as clearance. The results from this study demonstrate that although fluorescent molecules can accumulate in tumors due to hydrophobic interactions and possible aggregations at the tumor site, they are unable to be metabolized efficiently and not suitable for imaging the metabolic phenomena, compared with radio-labeled biomolecules that are free of these limitations. Although nuclear imaging has some impracticalities, they hold vast potentials for capturing accurate biological phenomena that will be crucial for future advances in the clinical and research settings.
Dumbbell-shaped Posterior Mediastinal Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Huang Wenxiao , Gong Liya , Wen Ge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mediastinal cavernous hemangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor caused by a congenital vascular malformation. We reported a case of posterior mediastinal cavernous hemangioma from clinical, imaging, and pathological aspects. A 68-year-old male patient without clinical symptoms exhibited an accidental finding of left posterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography during a routine physical examination. It was dumbbell-shaped on the left side of the seventh thoracic vertebra and extended into the intervertebral foramen, measuring 31 × 31 × 24 mm with no bone destruction. After an initial misdiagnosis of the neurogenic tumor, surgical resection and histological confirmation of the cavernous hemangioma was performed. For the reason that pathological evaluation is banned before the surgical resection of the Cavernous Hemangioma, thus it is necessary to increase clinician awareness of the diagnosis and maximize patient benefit.
Seasonal variation in diagnostic accuracy of requests for psychiatric evaluations in an academic psychiatry liaison service
Authors: Otani¹ Thaís , Otani¹ Victor , Freirias¹ Andrea , Calfat¹ Elie , Aoki¹ Patricia , Vasques Daniel Augusto Correa , Buck Hudson Sousa , Cordeiro¹ Quirino , Uchida Ricardo Riyoiti 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To perform a time-series evaluation regarding the accuracy of diagnoses included in requests for psychiatric consultations in an academic consultation-liaison psychiatry service, as well as exploring possible causal factors leading to putative seasonal variations in accuracy.
Methods
The registry of an academic tertiary hospital in the period between August 2009 and March 2013 was analyzed.
Results
Most of the requests came from the Internal Medicine Unit. A strong seasonality trend was detected in inaccuracy rates (p < 0.001). Two primary peaks were detected, one around the April-May period, coinciding with the arrival of untrained residents, and the other at the end of December and beginning of January, corresponding to the holiday season. The fact that the evaluations were requested by residents was causally attributed in both instances (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The arrival of untrained residents and the year-end holiday season effect seem to impact the quality of requests for psychiatric consultations in a teaching hospital.
Absolute risk estimation of new-onset proteinuria in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus – a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersen Martin , Stockmarr Anders , Leffers Henrik Christian Bidstrup , Troldborg Anne , Voss Anne , Kristensen Salome , Deleuran Bent , Dreyer Lene , Johnsen Laura , Colic Ada , Jacobsen Søren 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Kidney involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects approximately 40% of patients and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
The risk of renal involvement has primarily been reported as hazard ratios (HR) which may be challenging to interpret on a patient level. Additional data reporting such as absolute risk estimates may strengthen risk stratification and compliance.
This study provides absolute risk estimations of risk of new-onset proteinuria among SLE patients.
Methods
Danish SLE-centres provided clinical data on first time observations of proteinuria and other clinical parameters listed in the 1997 American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for SLE. Time from first occurring non-renal manifestation to new-onset proteinuria or censoring defined time at risk. Cox-regression models were used to identify risk factors for new-onset proteinuria and to calculate risk of proteinuria stratified by risk factor debut age, duration and sex. Models were reduced using a backwards elimination process for p>0.01. Potentially relevant interaction covariate terms were added to the model in a forward selection procedure using p<0.01.
Results
Patient population consisted of 586 patients with SLE, mainly Caucasian (94%) women (88%), mean age at inclusion of 34.6 years (standard deviation, SD = 14.4 years), observed for a mean of 14.9 years (SD =11.2 years). The cumulative prevalence of proteinuria was 40%. Male sex, HR = 1.35 (p=0.009), lymphopenia HR = 1.77 (p=0.005) were associated with new-onset proteinuria. Male patients with lymphopenia had the highest predictive risks of proteinuria with a 1-, 5- and 10-year risk of proteinuria ranging from 9-27%, 34-75% and 51-89 %, depending on the age at presentation (debut at 20, 30, 40 or 50 years). The corresponding risk profiles for women with lymphopenia were 3-9%, 8-34% and 12-58%, respectively.
Conclusions
Large differences in absolute risk estimates for new-onset proteinuria were identified. The differences may aid risk stratification and patient compliance among high-risk individuals.
Autophagy inhibits inflammation via down-regulation of p38 MAPK/mTOR signaling cascade in endothelial cells
Authors: Zhou Ling , Wang Juanjuan , Hou Hui , Li Jiao , Li Juan , Liang Jiannan , Li Junqin , Niu Xuping , Hou Ruixia , Zhang Kai-Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular process of self-digestion, has been shown to modulate inflammatory responses. In the present study, we determined the effects of autophagy on inflammatory response induced by supernatant of psoriatic dermal mesenchymal stem cells (p-DMSCs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with supernatant of p-DMSCs cultures to induce inflammation and treated with rapamycin (RAPA) to induce autophagy. Expression levels of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines and BIRC2 were compared in HUVECs with vs. without induction of autophagy with rapamycin (RAPA) by PCR, while cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay kit. We found that induction of autophagy with RAPA decreased expression levels of IL6, IL8 and CCL20, in addition to reduction in inflammation-induced apoptosis in HUVECs; Expression levels of LC3, p62, p-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182), p-mTOR (Ser2445) and p-ULK1 (Ser555) proteins were measured by Western blotting. We found RAPA increased LC3Ⅱ, while decreasing p62 expression. Likewise, expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-mTOR proteins were markedly decreased by the treatment with RAPA; Finally, we evaluated thenitric oxide (NO) content, NO synthase (NOS) activity and cell angiogenesis. RAPA treatment increased the NO content and the NOS activity, and inhibited angiogenesis. Through the experimental results, we speculated that induced of autophagy can improve the function of endothelial cells in psoriasis, suggesting approaches to induce autophagy can be used to ameliorate psoriasis.