bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a greener approach to detect inorganic arsenic using the Gutzeit method and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Helen , Dai Haochen , He Lili 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInorganic arsenic is a carcinogen repeatedly found in water and foods threatening global human health. Prior work applied the Gutzeit method and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify inorganic arsenic based on a harmful chemical, i.e., mercury bromide, to capture the arsine gas. In this project, we explored silver nitrate as an alternative to mercury bromide for the capture and detection of inorganic arsenic. To compare the performance of mercury bromide and silver nitrate, two standard curves were established in the range from 0 to 33.3 µg/L after optimization of reaction conditions such as the quantity of reagents and reaction time. Our result shows silver nitrate‐based standard curve had a lower limit of detection and limit of quantification at 1.02 µg/L and 3.40 µg/L, respectively, as compared to the one built upon mercury bromide that has limit of detection of 4.86 µg/L and limit of quantification of 16.2 µg/L. The relative higher sensitivity when using silver nitrate was contributed by the less interfering elements for X‐ray fluorescence analysis and thus lower background signals. A commercial apple juice was studied for matrix inference, and the results show 85%–99% recoveries and 7.4%–24.5% relative standard deviation. In conclusion, we demonstrated silver nitrate is a better choice in terms of safety restrictions and detection capability at lower inorganic arsenic concentrations.
Synergetic impact of both fiber surface grafting and matrix modification by carbon nanotubes and functionalized carbon nanotubes on the flexural behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites: An assessment at cryo‐, room‐, and elevated‐ in situ temperature conditions
Authors: Yadav Avadesh , Nayak B. Arnimesh , Fulmali Abhinav Omprakash , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, the carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester (CVE) composite was modified with pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs/FCNTs) using the in situ polymerization and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) techniques: individually and using both simultaneously. Their influence on the flexural properties of the composites at room (RT), cryogenic (−196°C) (CT), and elevated (70°C) (ET) temperatures were compared. Through matrix modification, the best flexural strength with CNT and FCNT modified composites was found to be 6.2% and 9.9% higher over neat CVE composite. Similarly, following the EPD technique, the optimum flexural strength enhancement with CNT and FCNT was recorded to be 10.3% and 13.8% with respect to the control composite respectively. A synergetic impact could be noticed by combining both the techniques together, where the flexural strength of the hierarchical composite with FCNT modification was improved by ~22%, ~25%, and ~ 6% higher than that of control CVE at RT, CT and ET respectively. The dispersion quality of nanotubes in the matrix and on the carbon fiber surface, and fractured surface morphology is analyzed using a SEM.
A vanillin derivative P/N/S‐containing high‐efficiency flame retardant for epoxy resin
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Zhang Ke , Huang Jiateng , Zhou Ziyao , Xie Kaili , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the flame‐retardant properties of epoxy resin (EP) without sacrificing the mechanical properties, a high‐efficient P/N/S‐containing reactive flame retardant (VTZD) was synthesized by a facile one‐pot method from vanillin, 2‐aminobenzothiazole and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), and used in epoxy‐amine thermosets. When 5 wt% of VTZD was added with merely 0.31 wt% of phosphorus, the LOI value of cured resins increased to 32.7%, and the thermosets achieved a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release of the VTZD‐modified EP decreased by up to 34.66% and 32.49%, respectively, in comparison to those of the original EP. Subsequently, the residual char morphology and structure of epoxy thermosets were investigated, as well as the pyrolysis behavior of VTZD. The flame‐retardant mechanism was discussed in detail, and it confirmed that VTZD exhibited a bi‐phase flame retardant effect. In addition, the mechanical properties of the cured products were well maintained and even improved. All the results demonstrated that the VTZD was a bio‐based high‐efficiency flame retardant for EP with a broad prospect in practical applications.
Small‐Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting HDAC Activity
Authors: Tan Shuyu , Li Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) play critical roles in epigenetic modification. These enzymes can remove acetyl groups from the N‐terminal lysine residues of histones, thereby regulating gene expression. Because of their great relevance to various diseases, numerous HDAC inhibitors have been developed. In this context, assays for HDAC activity are prerequisite. Due to the advantages of small‐molecule fluorescent probes, researchers have developed many probes to detect HDAC activity for developing HDAC inhibitors. Based on the mechanism of action, two main types of small‐molecule fluorescent probes are known. One type is based on binding affinity that are generally HDAC inhibitor‐fluorophore conjugates. The other one is enzyme‐activated probes, which act as HDAC substrates and show fluorogenic or ratiometric response after being deacetylated by HDACs.
Interplay between benefit appeal and valence framing in reducing smoking behavior: Evidence from a field experience
Authors: Nobel Nurit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death globally, yet it remains a common behavior. Interventions that increase the concreteness of future smoking outcomes have been suggested to be effective, but little research has examined what type of future outcomes should be highlighted, and in what way. The present study therefore explores the efficacy of two types of framings of smoking cessation consequences: Benefit appeal (time vs. money) and valence (gain vs. loss). A randomized controlled field experiment with 2935 participants conducted via a digital therapeutics app found an interplay between appeal type and valence such that messages focusing on money were most likely to lead to immediate reduced smoking behavior when framed as a gain, rather than loss. Effects on motivation or long‐term smoking cessation were not detected. The results shed light on psychological differences between money and time, between attitudes and behaviors, and between short‐term and long‐term behavior change. This study highlights the importance of considering both benefit appeal and valence framing when designing smoking cessation messages.
Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint); Part II. Neurodevelopmental effects
Authors: Iyer Poorni , Niknam Yassaman , Campbell Marlissa , Moran Francisco , Kaufman Farla , Kim Allegra , Sandy Martha , Zeise Lauren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review focuses on neurodevelopmental effects observed in animal studies of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐THC. Effects in offspring after preconceptional, prenatal, or perinatal exposure to cannabis smoke or Δ9‐THC were considered. Locomotor and exploratory behavior effects were noted in rats. Cognitive effects observed included impairment of memory and learning, attention deficits, time taken to complete tasks (rats) and alterations in response to visual stimuli (rats/monkeys). Emotionality was observed in rodents as an increase in separation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations, reduced social interaction and play behavior, and increased generalized anxiety. Increased rate of acquisition of morphine self‐administration and/or enhanced sensitivity towards the rewarding effects of morphine or heroin were observed in adult rats prenatally exposed to Δ9‐THC. Expression of cannabinoid receptors was examined in rodent studies along with behavioral parameters. Altered mRNA levels of genes relevant to synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (the brain region associated with compulsivity, addiction vulnerability, and reward sensitivity) were noted. Findings in zebrafish supported effects in mammalian models. Neurochemical effects on specific brain regions and neurotransmitter systems seen in these animal studies appear to impact cognitive function, motor activity, and drug sensitivity. Mechanistic studies provided evidence for the biological plausibility of effects observed. Observations from animal studies of changes in motor behavior, cognitive performance, emotionality and susceptibility to drug sensitivity later in life were among the findings from animal and human studies considered by California's Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee, in concluding that cannabis smoke and Δ9‐THC are developmental toxicants.
Humin‐promoted microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO2 by Moorella thermoacetica
Authors: Ha Biec N. , Pham Duyen M. , Masuda Daiki , Kasai Takuya , Katayama Arata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumin, an insoluble fraction of humic substances at any pH, has been reported to be an extracellular electron mediator (EEM) that functions in carbon dioxide (CO2)‐fixing acetogenesis. Here, we show that humin promotes the microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of acetate from CO2 using Moorella thermoacetica. Yeast extract, essential for the reaction of M. thermoacetica, resulted in the heterotrophic production of organic acids including acetate, hydrogen, and methane. Excluding the effect of yeast extract, MES with 13 g/L of suspended humin poised at −510 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) achieved a CO2‐fixing acetate production of 24.2 mg‐acetate/L/day (1.9 mg‐acetate/day/g‐humin); this is 10‐folds higher than the humin‐free MES, with 90.3% of the coulombic efficiency. Although M. thermoacetica is an electroactive bacterium, it obtains electrons for acetogenesis mostly via humin. The suspended humin‐assisted MES poised at −810 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) increased the acetate production rate to 39.3 mg‐acetate/L/day using electrons mainly from electrolyzed hydrogen and humin. Immobilization increased the humin's EEM efficiency, as indicated by the acetate production rate of 20.8 mg‐acetate/L/day (6.9 mg‐acetate/day/g‐humin) with a 98.7% coulombic efficiency in MES with 3 g/L of immobilized humin poised at −510 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). These results suggest that humin‐assisted MES has high potential for microbial CO2 fixation.
Prediction of delay discounting in intertemporal decisions by future thinking: Accounting for fluency, contents, and functions of future thoughts
Authors: Eivazi Fatemeh , Hatami Javad , Moradi Alireza , Nazem‐Zadeh Mohammad‐Reza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the variations of delay discounting rates as a function of fluency, contents, and functions of future thoughts in healthy subjects.BackgroundDelay discounting (DD) is a concept that can measure a frequent tendency toward smaller, yet immediate rewards, while a delayed reward is greater in value. DD describes people's choices in intertemporal decisions and is associated with self‐control. Future thinking (FT) and having a vivid imagination of the future can reduce individuals’ DD rates. However, constructing a specific episodic future representation was merely studied in relation to DD. Although fluency and contents of future thoughts have been reported related to various disorders and behaviors, their association with DD has not been previously addressed.MethodsThe present study applies a verbal fluency task named the personal future task (PFT), the functions of future thinking scale (FoFTS), and the 27‐item delay discounting questionnaire (DDQ) in order to assess fluency, contents, and functions of future thoughts, and delay discounting in healthy subjects (N = 114, Female = 64%, Male = 36%, Mage = 34.22, SDage = 7.15).ResultsFindings indicate that fluency of future thoughts is associated with DD. Among the contents of FT categories, financial contents (future thoughts about money and real estate matters), and regarding functions of FT, engaging in FT for planning are related to DD. Due to the final model, the above‐mentioned correlated variables can be considered as significant predictors of intertemporal choices when controlling for education and gender (R2 = 0.4, Adjusted R2 = 0.33, F = 5.186, p‐value = 0.001).ConclusionThe frequency of future thoughts one can generate, specifically future thoughts about financial contents, is associated with less short‐sighted intertemporal decisions. The former relationship is enhanced for longer delays (e.g., 5–10 years). Besides, individuals who frequently engage in FT for planning (planning out sequences of actions) discount future rewards to a lesser extent.
‘Nothing happened’: Legal implications of false denials among abused children
Authors: Bücken Charlotte A. , Otgaar Henry , London Kamala , Riesthuis Paul , Battista Fabiana , Mangiulli Ivan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeople lie on a frequent basis. However, when a victim of maltreatment lies by denying the abuse, lies can become forensically relevant. We have reviewed the relevant literature on the prevalence and memory consequences of such false denials. The way forensic interviewers proceed in the face of denying children will be shaped by their beliefs about the frequency with which truly abused children deny abuse. We discuss that estimates of the prevalence of false denials among abused children vary but that such false denials do happen. When falsely denying children eventually come forward with their experiences, a second issue lingers: how valid are maltreated children's statements after a false denial? We review the literature indicating that false denials can negatively affect memory for the investigative interview during which the lie was told. Yet, memory for the denied experience itself seems to be mostly preserved, and some research even found potential protective effects of false denials. We conclude that denials should always be handled with care in the court room, since the ground truth usually is not known, but that statements should not be dismissed based solely on previous denials.
Advanced oxidation protein products mediate human keratinocytes apoptosis by inducing cell autophagy through the mTOR–Beclin‐1 pathway
Authors: Ding Ruoting , Liu Zhongyuan , Tan Jie , Sun Baihui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExcessive keratinocyte apoptosis leads to impaired wound healing. Recently, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) have been recognized as a marker of oxidative stress and a potent inducer of apoptosis. Previously, we have demonstrated that extracellular AOPP accumulation induced keratinocyte apoptosis, and we discovered that autophagy was involved. To further elucidate the role and mechanism of autophagy in AOPP‐induced‐apoptosis of keratinocytes, we treated HaCaT cells with increasing concentrations of AOPP‐human serum albumin or with AOPP‐human serum albumin for increasing durations. Cyto‐ID solution staining was used to assess cell autophagy using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Autophagy‐related protein interactions were investigated using western blot analysis. Exposure of HaCaT cells to AOPP decreased the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increased the expression of autophagy‐related proteins Beclin‐l and LC3, and eventually led to autophagy. Furthermore, an autophagy agonist significantly decreased the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. Taken together, we showed that accumulation of extracellular AOPP induced autophagy in HaCaT cells via a reactive oxygen species‐dependent, mTOR–Beclin‐1‐mediated pathway, and that excessive autophagy‐mediated apoptosis, which resulted in delayed wound healing.
Recent developments on the contribution of glutenin and puroindoline proteins to improve wheat grain quality
Authors: Rai Anjali , Han Sung S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWheat is most staple food crop for making different end products. The major factors determining the wheat flour end‐use are glutenins and puroindolines. It is very important to identify the composition, variation, and functional characteristics of these key factors.FindingsThe glutenin subunits comprise two subgroups—high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS), and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS). Puroindolines genes depict a wide diversity of both PINA and PINB allelic forms. The prevalence and relative proportions of these types may vary depending on several genetic and environmental factors.ConclusionCurrent review summarizes recently published research on the impact of glutenin genes governing gluten strength and puroindolines genes related to grain softness. It encompasses recent reports on the development of DNA‐based molecular markers utilized to identify novel alleles associated with HMW‐GS, LMW‐GS, and puroindoline genes in diverse wheat genotypes.Significance and NoveltySubstantial advancements have been made to identify associations between gene expression and grain quality and to develop improved wheat grain quality lines. Nevertheless, a novel marker system such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction and high throughput analysis is needed to screen large numbers of markers at low cost for rapid and precise analysis of germplasm, mapping, and marker‐assisted selection.
Investigation on the Reaction Mechanism of Methane Oxidation over MgAl2O4‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalyst Prepared at High Temperature
Authors: Wan Qiang , Li Hengyu , Liu Sixu , Zhang Zhun , Xiong Haifeng , Lin Sen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStability and reactivity of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are the points of concern in catalysis, especially under the harsh conditions, such as at elevated temperatures in oxidizing conditions. Previous work showed that thermally stable Pt1 SAC supported on K‐modified MgAl2O4 prepared by a vapor‐phase self‐assembly mechanism (Pt1/K/MgAl2O4) showed better performance than a Pt/MgAl2O4 nanocatalyst in catalytic CH4 oxidation (Chem, 2022, 8, 731–748). However, the detailed reaction mechanism remains unclear, which preventing the further development of single‐atom catalysts for CH4 oxidation. Herein, the sintering resistance behaviour of the Pt1/K/MgAl2O4 catalyst, was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and it was found that the catalytic CH4 oxidation takes place via the Mars‐van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism, similar to that on conventional oxides. This viewpoint is further verified by experiments. Additionally, other noble metals (Au, Ir and Ru) and alkali elements (Na and Cs) are also investigated and it is found that the alkali types also affect the catalytic performance. This work clarifies the reaction mechanism of CH4 oxidation on metal SAC supported on MgAl2O4 synthesized at high temperature, providing a chance to manipulate the performances of metal SAC in CH4 oxidation.
Catalytic Isopropanol Dehydration as a Model Reaction for Bio‐Oil Conversion into Light Olefins
Authors: Trindade Aline C. M. , Enzweiler Heveline , Salau Nina P. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCatalytic dehydration of isopropanol was studied as a model reaction for the conversion of bio‐oil into light olefins. γ‐Alumina synthesized in the laboratory and commercial ultrastable Y (USY) zeolite were used as catalysts. The catalytic activity and the effects of temperature, N2 flow, and catalyst loading were investigated. The highest conversions of isopropanol were achieved by employing USY zeolite. The model reaction tests also showed that a higher temperature favors a rise in the conversion of isopropanol. The increase in nitrogen flow allows better desorption of water molecules that possibly inhibit the reaction, thus increasing conversion. A higher catalyst loading also promoted a higher conversion of isopropanol due to the number of acidic sites available.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of reactive absorption of CO2 in a structured packed column
Authors: Venkata Anjani Kiran Sreemusali , Ranganathan Panneerselvam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, multiphase Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling is developed to predict the hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and chemical absorption of CO2 using a monoethanolamine (MEA) solution in a structured packed column. First, the hydrodynamic simulation of liquid dispersion in a structured packed bed using a two‐dimensional CFD is performed. The simulation results of the radial distribution of the liquid holdup are compared with the literature experimental data. The model prediction matches the experimental data at the top position of the column, whereas a slight deviation is found at the bottom position of the column. Using a validated CFD model, the reactive mass transfer is modelled to study CO2 capture in a structured packed column with Mellapak 500.X. The model results are compared to the literature experimental results of CO2 mole fractions along the height of the column. It is found that the model results match the experimental findings. Furthermore, CFD modelling is extended to investigate the influence of operating conditions such as gas and liquid velocities on CO2 removal efficiency. The present CFD model demonstrates the porous media approach for reactive absorption of CO2 in a structural packed bed.
Influence of the glycerin content in the preparation of calcium diglyceroxide from eggshell applied in the residual oil transesterification
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos de Jesus , Teleken Joel Gustavo , Alves Helton José 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrently, biodiesel is pointed out worldwide as the main alternative in the complementation and substitution of petrochemical diesel. However, the current industrial route of synthesis of this biofuel depends on the cost of raw materials (which are also destined for food purposes) and the expense of the production process. Aiming to remedy this obstacle, the use of solid, sustainable, low‐cost, efficient, and reusable catalysts in residual raw materials, such as waste cooking oils, has been highlighted as a promising alternative. This work focused on studying the influence of the glycerin content used in the preparation by wet impregnation of catalyst calcium diglyceroxide in the efficiency of transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was synthesized from CaO from chicken eggshell, raw glycerin co‐product from biodiesel, and methanol. The transesterification reactions were performed using 120 g of frying residual oil, methanol: oil molar rate of 6:1, constant shaking, and reaction temperature of 63 ± 1°C for 180 min. The catalyst material synthesized with residual glycerin was active for four reactions (without reactivation of its sites) with high percentages of efficiency of 96.13, 96.85, 95.93, and 91.65, respectively. It was noted that the glycerol purity correlated with changes in the structural morphology of the final compound, as well as changes in the leaching rate, acidity index, water content, and ester content of the blends. It was found that adding 15% water to the lipid material correlated with an increase in ester content (99%) in the synthesized biodiesel.