bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hemicyanine‐Assembled Upconversion Nanosystem for NIR‐Excited Visualization of Carbon Monoxide Bio‐Signaling In Vivo
Authors: Ye Minan , Zhang Jie , Jiang Detao , Tan Qi , Li Jingyun , Yao Cheng , Zhu Chenjie , Zhou Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is considered as the second gasotransmitter involved in a series of physiological and pathological processes. Although a number of organic fluorescent probes have been developed for imaging CO, these probes display excitation within the ultraviolet or visible range, which restrict their applications in the complex biosystems. In the present work, a strategy is developed to construct an upconversion nanoparticles‐based nanosystem for upconversion luminescent (UCL) sensing CO. This nanosystem exhibits a fast response to CO with high sensitivity and selectivity in aqueous solution by a near‐infrared‐excited ratiometric UCL detection method. Meanwhile, laser scanning upconversion luminescence microscope experiments demonstrate that this nanosystem can visualize the endogenous CO bio‐signaling in living cells, deep tissues, zebrafish, and living mice by ratiometric UCL imaging. In particular, this nanosystem has been successfully employed in visualization of the endogenous CO bio‐signaling through up‐regulation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in the progression of hypoxia, acute inflammation, or ischemic injury. This work demonstrates that the outstanding performance of the nanosystem not only can provide an effective tool for further understanding the role of CO in the physiological and pathological environment, but also may have great potential ability for tracking the expression of HO‐1 in living systems.
Construction of Core‐Shell NanoMOFs@microgel for Aqueous Lubrication and Thermal‐Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Jianxi , Gong Peiwei , Li Zhihuan , Ke Cheng , Qian Yong , Luo Haowen , Xiao Lishuang , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe construction of porous nanocarriers with good lubricating performance and stimuli‐responsive drug release is significant for the synergetic therapy of osteoarthritis (OA). Although metal‐organic framework nanoparticles (nanoMOFs) as carriers can support drug delivery, achieving the synergy of aqueous lubrication and stimuli‐responsive drug release is challenging. In this work, a core‐shell nanoMOFs@poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgel hybrid via one‐pot soap‐free emulsion polymerization is developed. Programmable growth of the PNIPAm microgel layer on the surface of nanoMOFs is achieved by tuning the concentration of the monomer and the crosslinker in the reaction. Reversible swelling‐collapsing behaviors of the hybrid are realized by tuning the temperature below and above the lower critical solution temperature. When used as water lubrication additives, the hybrid enables reductions in both the coefficient of friction and wear volume. In vitro thermal‐responsive drug release is demonstrated on the diclofenac sodium‐loaded hybrid by controlling the swelling and collapsing states of the PNIPAm nanolayer. Moreover, the good biocompatibility of the hybrid is verified by culturing toward HeLa and BEAS‐2B cells. These results establish a nanoMOFs@microgel hybrid that can achieve friction and wear reduction and thermal‐responsive drug release.
Increasing the level of resistant starch in ‘Presidio’ rice through multiplex CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing of starch branching enzyme genes
Authors: Biswas Sudip , Ibarra Oneida , Shaphek Mariam , Molina‐Risco Marco , Faion‐Molina Mayra , Bellinatti‐Della Gracia Marcela , Thomson Michael J. , Septiningsih Endang M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is an excellent source of starch, which is composed of amylopectin and amylose. Resistant starch (RS) is a starch product that is not easily digestible and absorbed in the stomach or small intestine and instead is passed on directly to the large intestine. Cereals high in RS may be beneficial to improve human health and reduce the risk of diet‐related chronic diseases. It has been reported through chemical mutagenesis and RNA interference studies that starch branching enzymes (SBEs) play a major role in contributing to higher levels of RS in cereal crops. In this study, we used multiplex clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)–CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome editing to simultaneously target all four SBE genes in rice using the endogenous transfer RNA (tRNA)‐processing system for expressing the single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting these genes. The CRISPR–Cas9 vector construct with four SBE gene sgRNAs was transformed into the U.S. rice cultivar Presidio using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Knockout mutations were identified at all four SBE genes across eight transgene‐positive T0 plants. Transgene‐free T1 lines with different combinations of disrupted SBE genes were identified, with several SBE‐edited lines showing significantly increased RS content up to 15% higher than the wild‐type (WT) cultivar Presidio. Although further efforts are needed to fix all of the mutant alleles as homozygous, our study demonstrated the potential of multiplex genome editing to develop high‐RS lines.
Examination of care processes and treatment optimization for head and neck cancer patients in a community setting “hub and hub” model
Authors: Sethi Harleen K. , Walker Elijah , Weinsheim Travis , Brennan Matthew J. , Fundakowski Christopher E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine referral pattern, the timing of diagnostic/staging processes, and treatment initiation for new head and neck cancer patients in a community setting.MethodsPatients with a newly diagnosed previously untreated diagnosis of head neck cancer managed at Asplundh Cancer Pavilion/Abington Memorial Hospital from October 2018 to March 2020. Source of referral and preceding workup were examined as well as intervals between initial head and neck consult and various timepoints of treatment initiation.ResultsOne hundred and five patients were included in the study. The primary referral sources were external general otolaryngology (56.3%). Oral surgery and dermatology obtained tissue biopsy approximately 80% of the time before referral. The average time from the ordering of initial staging positron emission tomography/computed tomography to finalized results was 14 days (range: 10–25 days). Patients referred from dermatology and oral surgery were more likely to require single modality care, namely definitive surgical management. Time to treatment initiation average was 37 days (range: 29–41 days). Patients with longer treatment times noted significantly higher times to both radiation and medical oncology consults (48.42 vs. 18.13 days; P < 0.001).ConclusionsNo notable differences in treatment initiation times were identified based on referral source or extent of workup performed before head/neck surgery consult. It appears the largest opportunities for improvement in terms of reducing overall treatment length exist in the optimization of radiation initiation time.
Predictive value of pituitary tumor morphology on outcomes and complications in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Heffernan Andrew T. , Han Joseph K. , Campbell John , Reese James , Day William G. , Edwards Joshua , Singh Ran V. , Zhu Wylie , Lam Kent K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeEndoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) is an increasingly utilized approach for resection of pituitary tumors. Prior studies have evaluated preoperative tumor size, location, and extent as prognostic factors for surgical resection. There is little data on the relationship between preoperative pituitary tumor radiographic morphology and surgical outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingSingle tertiary care institution.Subjects and MethodsPreoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans from patients undergoing ETSS for pituitary tumor resections from 2007 to 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. A neuroradiologist classified these pituitary tumors into six morphologic groups, each defined by volume, dimensions, extension, and shape. Surgical difficulty, rates of incomplete resection, and postoperative complications were then stratified in relation to the morphologic groups.ResultsPituitary tumors from 131 patients were classified from preoperative imaging into six characteristic morphologies: (1) microtumor, (2) round, (3) transverse oblong, (4) superior‐inferior oblong, (5) bilobed, and (6) large lobulated. Tumors that were characterized with the large lobulated, bilobed, and transverse oblong morphologies correlated with higher rates of postoperative evidence of residual tumor (70%, 36%, and 47%, respectively, all P < 0.002). Likewise, large lobulated, bilobed, and transverse oblong morphologies were also associated with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks (70%, 31%, and 35%, respectively, all P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe describe a novel descriptive system for the morphology of pituitary tumors that can be determined from preoperative imaging. Different tumor morphologic groups are associated with varying degrees of gross tumor resection, complications, and surgical difficulty. Utilizing pituitary tumor morphology may aid surgeons in planning the extent of resection, need for complex closure, and patient counseling.
Implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for head and neck cancer patients: Considerations and best practices
Authors: Prasad Aman , Chorath Kevin , Barrette Louis‐Xavier , Go Beatrice , Deng Jie , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been developed in numerous surgical specialties as a means of systematically improving patient recovery, functional outcomes, cost savings, and resource utilization. Such multidisciplinary initiatives seek to minimize variability in several aspects of perioperative patient care, helping to reduce inpatient length of hospital stay, complications, and the overall resource and financial burden of surgical care. Head and neck oncology patients stand to benefit from the implementation of comprehensive ERAS protocols, as these patients have complex medical needs that may dramatically impact multiple aspects of their recovery, including breathing, eating, nutrition, pain, speech, swallowing, and communication. Implementing ERAS protocols for head and neck cancer patients may present unique challenges, and require significant interdisciplinary coordination and collaboration. We therefore sought to provide a comprehensive guide to the planning and institution of such ERAS systems at institutions undertaking care of head and neck cancer patients. Key elements to consider in the implementation of successful ERAS protocols for this population include organizing a team consisting of frontline leaders such as nursing staff, medical specialists, and associated health professionals; designing interventions based on systematically evaluated, high‐quality literature; and instituting a clear methodology for regularly updating protocols and auditing the success or potential limitations of a given intervention. Potential obstacles to the success of ERAS interventions for head and neck cancer patients include challenges in systematically tracking progress of the protocol, as well as resource limitations in a given health system.
Burnout and well‐being in otolaryngology trainees: A systematic review
Authors: Lawlor Skye K. , Low Christopher M. , Carlson Matthew L. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Choby Garret 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo comprehensively review the recent published literature to characterize current trends of burnout and well‐being among otolaryngology trainees.MethodsStudy design: systematic review and meta‐analysis. A comprehensive literature review from 2000 to 2021 of studies related to otolaryngology resident burnout and well‐being, as well as the general topic of well‐being among surgical residents was completed. All included studies were summarized qualitatively. For the quantitative analysis, only articles reporting a Maslach burnout inventory (MBI), modified MBI or Mini‐Z‐ Burnout assessment were included.ResultsTwenty‐five articles were included in the qualitative summary and nine articles in the quantitative analysis. In the qualitative summary, trainees were reported to have increased levels of distress and emotional hardening compared to attending otolaryngologists. Total hours worked per week and female gender were associated with worsened well‐being. Residency program strategies to improve trainee well‐being include program‐sponsored wellness activities, dedicated wellness champions, and assistance with clerical burden. Implementation of protected nonclinical time has been shown to decrease burnout and increase well‐being among trainees. Moreover, formal trainee mentorship programs have also been shown to reduce trainee burnout and stress. In the quantitative analysis, rates of trainee burnout ranged from 29.7% to 86% with an overall trend towards reduced rates of burnout from 2006 to 2021. Utilizing a weighted average, the overall burnout among otolaryngology residents was 58.6%.ConclusionsRates of burnout remain high among otolaryngology trainees. Implementing formal mentorship programs and providing protected time during regular work hours appear to be effective tools to improve resident well‐being.
Is the clinical head impulse test helpful in cochlear implantation candidacy evaluation?
Authors: Jiam Nicole T. , Cai Yi , Wai Katherine C. , Polite Colleen , Kramer Kurt , Sharon Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveVestibular dysfunction is a known risk of cochlear implantation (CI). However, the utility of the physical exam to screen CI candidates for vestibular dysfunction is not well‐studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate the preoperative role of the clinical head impulse test (cHIT) in subjects undergoing CI surgery evaluation.Study Design Setting, and SubjectsWe conducted a retrospective review of 64 adult CI candidacy cases between 2017 and 2020 at a tertiary health care center.MethodsAll patients underwent audiometric testing and evaluation by the senior author. Patients with an abnormal catch‐up saccade contralateral to their worse hearing ear during cHIT were referred for formal vestibular testing. Outcomes included clinical and formal vestibular results, operated ear with regard to audiometric and vestibular results, and postoperative vertigo.ResultsAmong all CI candidates, 44% (n = 28) reported preoperative disequilibrium symptoms. Overall, 62% (n = 40) of the cHITs were normal, 33% (n = 21) were abnormal, and 5% (n = 3) were inconclusive. There was one patient who presented with a false positive cHIT. Among the patients who endorsed disequilibrium, 43% had a positive preoperative cHIT. Fourteen percent of the subjects (n = 9) without disequilibrium had an abnormal cHIT. In this cohort, bilateral vestibular impairment (71%) was more common than unilateral vestibular impairment (29%). In 3% of the cases (n = 2), surgical management was revisited or altered due to cHIT findings.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of vestibular hypofunction in the CI candidate population. Self‐reported assessments of vestibular function are often not congruent with cHIT results. Clinicians should consider incorporating cHITs as part of the preoperative physical exam to potentially avoid bilateral vestibular dysfunction in a minority of patients.
Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology: Review of literature
Authors: Chorath Kevin , Hobday Sara , Suresh Neeraj V. , Go Beatrice , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are patient‐centered, evidence‐based pathways designed to reduce complications, promote recovery, and improve outcomes following surgery. These protocols have been successfully applied for the management of head and neck cancer, but relatively few studies have investigated the applicability of these pathways for other outpatient procedures in otolaryngology. Our goal was to perform a systematic review of available evidence reporting the utility of ERAS protocols for the management of patients undergoing outpatient otolaryngology operations.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and gray literature. We identified studies that evaluated ERAS protocols among patients undergoing otologic, laryngeal, nasal/sinus, pediatric, and general otolaryngology operations. We assessed the outcomes and ERAS components across protocols as well as the study design and limitations.ResultsA total of eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Types of procedures evaluated with ERAS protocols included tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy, and septoplasty. A reduction in postoperative length of stay and hospital costs was reported in two and three studies, respectively. Comparative studies between ERAS and control groups showed persistent improvement in pre‐ and postoperative anxiety and pain levels, without an increase in postoperative complications and readmission rates.ConclusionsA limited number of studies discuss implementation of ERAS protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology. These clinical pathways appear promising for these procedures as they may reduce length of stay, decrease costs, and improve pain and anxiety postoperatively.
Transition to extrauterine life and the modeling of perinatal asphyxia in rats
Authors: Ortiz Mauro , Loidl Fabián , Vázquez‐Borsetti Pablo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeneration of murine models for the study of birth‐related pathologies has proven to be a complex and controversial problem. Differences in the relative timing of developmental events of both species have led some researchers to suggest that the rat is born comparatively less developed than the human. The solution proposed to this problem would consist in the delay of the experiments of perinatal asphyxia (PA), usually up to 7–10 days, allowing developmental levels to “equalize” with the human at birth. This solution generates a new set of problems. The developmental milestones in both species follow a divergent temporal pattern. Increasing the age of the rat not only can improve resemblance with humans but also will make the model miss a crucial set of milestones related to birth. During this process, there are specific mechanisms to protect the fetus from neuronal damage, especially those caused by asphyxia. These factors are not present in models where the asphyxia is delayed. In these models, there will be more false positives and more damage that would not be present in humans exposed to PA.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
Congenital Diseases > Environmental Factors
Neurological Diseases > Environmental Factors
Ideal treatment timing of orthodontic anomalies—a German clinical S3 practice guideline
Authors: Kirschneck Christian , Proff Peter , Lux Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ideal treatment timing in orthodontics is controversially discussed depending on the type and extent of the dysgnathia and malocclusion present, especially with regard to efficiency, patient burden and treatment efforts of early compared to regular or late treatment. This German clinical practice guideline aims to clarify, at which time points an orthodontic anomaly can be effectively treated and how treatment efficiency differs depending on treatment timing.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in various guideline databases and databases PROSPERO, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform according to a predefined PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes with added qualitative search terms) search algorithm and strategy. Appraisal of scientific evidence of the individual studies checked for eligibility was carried out according to SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network), AMSTAR II (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systemic Reviews), and AXIS (Appraisal Tool to Assess the Quality of Cross-sectional Studies) tools. Only controlled studies with a high, acceptable or moderate quality (and thus an acceptable risk of bias) were considered.

Results
A total of 309 studies of over 11,000 sources screened were identified to be eligible for inclusion and critically appraised for study quality and risk-of-bias. No relevant guidelines relating to the aims of the present guideline were found. Elected delegates of in total 21 German scientific societies and organizations agreed upon a total of 19 evidence-based statements and recommendations based on a nominal consensus process.

Conclusions
Although most malocclusions can be effectively treated both in the early, late mixed, and permanent dentition, evidence suggests that therapy of a pronounced skeletal or dental class II anomaly can be started early to reduce the risk of dental anterior tooth trauma, whereas in a moderate class II anomaly, therapy can preferably be carried out before or during the pubertal growth peak. Therapy of a skeletal or dental class III anomaly should be started early, as this also reduces the need for later surgery to correct the anomaly. The treatment of a pronounced skeletal or dental transverse anomaly should be started early in the upper jaw in order to utilize the high adaptivity of the maxillary structures in young patients.
Outcomes of the resuscitative and emergency thoracotomy at a Dutch level-one trauma center: are there predictive factors for survival?
Authors: Sam A. S. Y. , Nawijn F. , Benders K. E. M. , Houwert R. M. , Leenen L. P. H. , Hietbrink F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the 30-day survival rate of resuscitative and emergency thoracotomies in trauma patients. Moreover, factors that positively influence 30-day survival rates were investigated.

Methods
A retrospective study of patients (> 16 years), between 2008 and 2020, who underwent a resuscitative or emergency thoracotomy at a level-one trauma center in the Netherlands was conducted.

Results
Fifty-six patients underwent a resuscitative (n = 45, 80%) or emergency (n = 11, 20%) thoracotomy. The overall 30-day survival rate was 32% (n = 18), which was 23% after blunt trauma and 72% after penetrating trauma, and which was 18% for the resuscitative thoracotomy and 91% for the emergency thoracotomy. The patients who survived had full neurologic recovery. Factors associated with survival were penetrating trauma (p < 0.001), (any) sign of life (SOL) upon presentation to the hospital (p = 0.005), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 15 (p < 0.001) and a thoracotomy in the operating room (OR) (p = 0.018). Every resuscitative thoracotomy after blunt trauma and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole in the pre-hospital phase was futile (0 survivors out of 11 patients), of those patients seven (64%) had concomitant severe neuro-trauma.

Conclusion
This study found a 30-day survival rate of 32% for resuscitative and emergency thoracotomies, all with good neurological recovery. Factors associated with survival were related to the trauma mechanism, the thoracotomy indication and response to resuscitation prior to thoracotomy (for instance, if resuscitation enables enough time for safe transport to the operating room, survival chances increase). Resuscitative thoracotomies after blunt trauma in combination with loss of SOL before arrival at the emergency room were in all cases futile, interestingly in nearly all cases due to concomitant neuro-trauma.