bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal architecture of North Singhbhum Mobile Belt, Eastern Indian Shield: Constraints from two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional modelling of Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data
Authors: Arasada Rama Chandrudu , Srinivasa Rao Gangumalla , Anand Rajagopal 
Published: March 2022

The North Singhbhum Mobile Belt (NSMB) that lies in the Eastern Indian Shield between the Chotanagpur Granite‐Gneiss Complex (CGGC) and the Singhbhum Craton (SC) provides a unique opportunity to understand the Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Indian shield. In the present study, an integrated interpretation of petrophysical, Bouguer gravity, and aeromagnetic data was carried out to examine the crustal architecture and structural framework of the region. Three‐dimensional (3‐D) inversion of the aeromagnetic anomalies reveals that the magnetic basement depths range from 0.2 to 9.0 km in the region. The crustal models obtained from two‐dimensional (2‐D) and 3‐D forward modelling of potential field data reveal the Moho at 37–38 km depth beneath the NSMB and at a relatively deeper depth of 39–40 km and 40–44 km beneath SC and CGGC, respectively. Further, the distinct gravity high and the coinciding bipolar magnetic anomalies associated with the Dalma Formation can be attributed to the mafic/ultramafic intrusions. Gravity models across the Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) and South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ) exhibit the crustal density inhomogeneity and Moho offset, typical of ancient suture zones of Precambrian terrains. In comparison, the absence of such crustal‐scale signatures across the North Purulia Shear Zone represents its intracratonic nature. Further, the Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic signatures across the SPSZ, together with the crustal architecture and metamorphic ages, suggest that SPSZ marks the eastward continuity of the Gavilgarh‐Tan Shear Zone along which the amalgamation of northern and southern Indian cratonic blocks possibly took place at ca. 1.0–0.9 Ga.
Comparative validity of informant tools for assessing pre‐stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Taylor‐Rowan Martin , McGuire Lucy , Hafdi Melanie , Evans Jonathan , Stott David J. , Wetherall Kirsty , Elliott Emma , Drozdowska Bogna , Quinn Terence J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesVarious informant‐based questionnaires are used in clinical practice to screen for pre‐stroke cognitive problems. However, there is no guidance on which tool should be preferred. We compared the validity of the two most commonly used informant‐based tools.MethodsWe recruited consecutively admitted stroke patients. Patients' informants completed the Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly Short Form (IQCODE‐SF, 16‐item) and Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8). We assessed construct validity (accuracy) against a semi‐structured clinical interview for dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), describing test accuracy metrics and comparing area under ROC curves (AUROC). We described criterion validity by evaluating associations between test scores and neuroimaging markers of dementia and overall ‘brain frailty’. Finally, we described prognostic validity comparing ROC curves for 18‐month clinical outcomes of dementia, death, stroke, and disability.ResultsOne‐hundred‐thirty‐seven patient‐informant dyads were recruited. At usual clinical cut‐points, the IQCODE‐SF had comparable sensitivity to the AD8 (both = 92%) for pre‐stroke dementia, but superior specificity (IQCODE‐SF: 82% vs. AD8: 58%). Youden index suggested that the optimal AD8 threshold for diagnosis of dementia is ≥4. The IQCODE‐SF demonstrated stronger associations with markers of generalised and medial‐temporal lobe atrophy, neurovascular disease, and overall brain frailty. IQCODE‐SF also demonstrated greater accuracy for predicting future dementia (IQCODE‐SF AUROC = 0.903, 95% CI = 0.798–1.00; AD8 AUROC = 0.821, 95% CI = 0.664–0.977).ConclusionsBoth IQCODE‐SF and AD8 are valid measures of pre‐stroke dementia. Higher cut points for AD8 may improve performance in the acute stroke setting. Based on consistent superiority across a range of validity analyses, IQCODE‐SF may be preferable to AD8 for pre‐stroke dementia screening.
Coping strategies for memory problems in everyday life of people with cognitive impairment and older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Ross Sabrina D. , Hofbauer Lena M. , Rodriguez Francisca S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDealing with memory loss is a major challenge for older people. Coping strategies for memory problems could enable cognitively impaired people to live independently for longer. We conducted a systematic review to summarize evidence on coping strategies for older people and people with cognitive impairment to stabilize everyday life functioning.MethodsWe systematically searched the databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus and WebofScience using a well‐defined search string. Studies were included if they were published between January 1990 and February 2021 and written in English, German, Spanish, French, or Swedish language. Two blind researchers independently checked the studies for inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of the studies using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme—checklists. Evidence was summarized in a narrative synthesis.ResultsA total of 16 relevant studies with adequate quality were identified. These studies reported on three categories of strategies: external, internal, and behavioral coping strategies. External strategies included reminder systems and integrated features in the environment and were used by people with and without cognitive impairments. Internal strategies such as visualization, verbalization, active remembering, and systematic thinking were reported less often by people with cognitive impairment than those without cognitive impairment. Behavioral strategies such as reducing expectations and acceptance of support was most frequently reported by people with cognitive impairment.ConclusionsThe findings of our systematic review show a great number of coping strategies, which seem to depend on cognitive status. Appropriate training tools incorporating these strategies should be developed.
Provincial variations in not having a regular medical doctor and having unmet healthcare needs among Canadians
Authors: Islam Md Kamrul , Kellett Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite spending 11.0% of the total gross domestic product, the quality of healthcare services in Canada has received mixed reviews. We first separately examined provincial variations in not having a regular medical doctor and having unmet healthcare needs among Canadians. Second, we evaluated provincial variations in the impact of not having a regular medical doctor on having unmet healthcare needs among Canadians.MethodsWe applied logistic regressions using data from the 2014 and 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS). The total sample size for this study was 120,345 individuals aged 12 years and older: 61,240 from the 2014 CCHS and 59,105 from the 2017–2018 CCHS.ResultsWe found significant provincial variations in not having a regular medical doctor and having unmet healthcare needs among Canadians. People in Quebec and the Territories were more likely not to have a regular medical doctor than their peers in Alberta. People in Quebec and the Territories were also more likely to have unmet healthcare needs than their counterparts in Alberta. Not having a regular medical doctor impacted whether Canadians reported having unmet healthcare needs to varying degrees across provinces.ConclusionFindings from this study may contribute to designing province‐specific policy interventions and inform efforts that seek to address barriers to having a regular medical doctor and reducing unmet healthcare needs among Canadians.
Effect of conservative treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions in women: An umbrella review
Authors: Bascur‐Castillo Carolina , Carrasco‐Portiño Mercedes , Valenzuela‐Peters Romina , Orellana‐Gaete Luna , Viveros‐Allende Vicente , Ruiz Cantero María Teresa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveDue to their high worldwide prevalence, pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD's) are a public health problem. There is high heterogeneity in the types and effectiveness of conservative treatment. The objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on conservative treatment of PFDs in women.MethodsUmbrella review, covering MEDLINE (1950–2019), Scopus (1960–2019), Web of Science (1980–2019), and Cochrane Library (2000–2019). Inclusion criterion: review on conservative treatments about pelvic floor disorders in the adult women, in Spanish or English; exclusion criterion: studies about other urological, gynecological, and coloproctological pathologies, among others.ResultsThirty‐two reviews (2000–2019) and 12 meta‐analyses were included. 53.1% showed an improvement on urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor muscle training worked on 70.6% of them, followed by electrical stimulation and estrogen (11.7%), and weight loss (5.9%). 6.3% of reviews and meta‐analyses fulfilled all items in PRISMA, and 93.7% of them fulfilled more than 60% of the checklist. 60% de los ítems.ConclusionsPFMT and weight loss are the most effective treatments for UI, but there is no evidence for other PFDs. The methodological quality of conservative treatments must be improved for a more effective treatment of PFDs in women. Pelvic floor muscle training and weight loss are the most effective treatments for urinary incontinence. Only 6.3% of the reviews fulfilled all PRISMA ítems.
Novel hybrid isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione compounds containing a 1H‐tetrazole moiety: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Tan Ayse , Kizilkaya Serap , Noma Samir A. A. , Ates Burhan , Kara Yunus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, novel hybrid isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione compounds (10 and 11) carrying a 1H‐tetrazole moiety were synthesized, characterized and their inhibitory properties against xanthine oxidase (XO) and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II) were investigated. Allopurinol for XO and acetazolamide for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes were used as positive standards in inhibition studies. In addition, compounds 8 and 9, which were obtained in the intermediate step, were also investigated for their inhibition effects against the three enzymes. According to the enzyme inhibition results, hybrid isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione derivatives 10 and 11 showed significant inhibitory effects against all three enzymes. Surprisingly, compound 8, containing a SCN functional group, exhibited a greater inhibitory effect than the other compounds against hCA I and hCA II. The IC50 values of compound 8 against hCA I and hCA II were found to be 3.698 ± 0.079 and 3.147 ± 0.083 µM, respectively. Compound 8 (IC50 = 4.261 ± 0.034 μM) showed higher activity than allopurinol (IC50 = 4.678 ± 0.029 μM) and the other compounds against XO, as well. These results clearly show the effect of the SCN group on the inhibition. In addition, in silico molecular docking studies were performed to understand the molecular interactions between each compound and enzymes, and the results were evaluated.
Toward a better understanding of the experience of patients with moderate penetrance breast cancer gene pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants: A focus on ATM and CHEK2
Authors: McCormick Shelley , Hicks Stephanie , Wooters Mackenzie , Grant Carly 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored the experiences of patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the moderate penetrance breast cancer genes, ATM and CHEK2. There were 139 eligible female patients who received genetic counseling at the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Risk Assessment (MGH CCRA) from 2014 to 2018. They were sent surveys assessing their understanding of the clinical significance of their genetic test results, adherence to medical management recommendations, dissemination of genetic test results to relatives, and informational resource needs. In total, 66 surveys were returned with a response rate of 47.5%. Most participants reported understanding the clinical implications of their genetic test results and adhering to medical management recommendations. Although 20.3% found it upsetting, nearly all participants shared their genetic test results with relatives. When asked about resource needs, 54.5% reported seeking out additional resources. Our ATM/CHEK2 sample appears to have a good understanding of the personal and familial implications of their genetic test results but may benefit from additional resources. It is unclear whether similar results would be found in patients who do not receive genetic counseling from a board‐certified genetic counselor, and this should be examined. This study is one of the first to assess the experiences and needs of the moderate risk population.
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome‐b (CYB) and ATPase‐6 gene mutations in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Dirican Ebubekir , Savrun Şeyda Tuba , Aydın İsmail Erkan , Gülbay Gonca , Karaman Ülkü 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are becoming increasingly common in various diseases. This study aims to investigate mutations in the cytochrome‐b (CYB) and adenosine triphosphatase‐6 (ATPase‐6) genes of mtDNA in COVID‐19 patients. The association between mtDNA mutations and clinical outcomes is investigated here. In the present study, mutations of the mtDNA genes CYB and ATPase‐6 were investigated in COVID‐19 (+) (n = 65) and COVID‐19 (−) patients (n = 65). First, we isolated DNA from the blood samples. After the PCR analyses, the mutations were defined using Sanger DNA sequencing. The age, creatinine, ferritin, and CRP levels of the COVID 19 (+) patients were higher than those of the COVID‐19 (−) patients (p = 0.0036, p = 0.0383, p = 0.0305, p < 0.0001, respectively). We also found 16 different mutations in the CYB gene and 14 different mutations in the ATPase‐6 gene. The incidences of CYB gene mutations A15326G, T15454C, and C15452A were higher in COVID‐19 (+) patients than COVID‐19 (−) patients; p < 0.0001: OR (95% CI): 4.966 (2.215−10.89), p = 0.0226, and p = 0.0226, respectively. In contrast, the incidences of A8860G and G9055A ATPase‐6 gene mutations were higher in COVID‐19 (+) patients than COVID‐19 (−) patients; p < 0.0001: OR (95%CI): 5.333 (2.359−12.16) and p = 0.0121 respectively. Yet, no significant relationship was found between mtDNA mutations and patients' age and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). The results showed that the frequency of mtDNA mutations in COVID‐19 patients is quite high and it is important to investigate the association of these mutations with other genetic mechanisms in larger patient populations.
Respect, justice and learning are limited when patients are deidentified data subjects
Authors: Gross Marielle S. , Hood Amelia J. , Rubin Joshua C. , Miller Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCritical for advancing a Learning Health System (LHS) in the U.S., a regulatory safe harbor for deidentified data reduces barriers to learning from care at scale while minimizing privacy risks. We examine deidentified data policy as a mechanism for synthesizing the ethical obligations underlying clinical care and human subjects research for an LHS which conceptually and practically integrates care and research, blurring the roles of patient and subject.MethodsFirst, we discuss respect for persons vis‐a‐vis the systemic secondary use of data and tissue collected in the fiduciary context of clinical care. We argue that, without traditional informed consent or duty to benefit the individual, deidentification may allow secondary use to supersede the primary purpose of care. Next, we consider the effectiveness of deidentification for minimizing harms via privacy protection and maximizing benefits via promoting learning and translational care. We find that deidentification is unable to fully protect privacy given the vastness of health data and current technology, yet it imposes limitations to learning and barriers for efficient translation. After that, we evaluate the impact of deidentification on distributive justice within an LHS ethical framework in which patients are obligated to contribute to learning and the system has a duty to translate knowledge into better care. Such a system may permit exacerbation of health disparities as it accelerates learning without mechanisms to ensure that individuals' contributions and benefits are fair and balanced.ResultsWe find that, despite its established advantages, system‐wide use of deidentification may be suboptimal for signaling respect, protecting privacy or promoting learning, and satisfying requirements of justice for patients and subjects.ConclusionsFinally, we highlight ethical, socioeconomic, technological and legal challenges and next steps, including a critical appreciation for novel approaches to realize an LHS that maximizes efficient, effective learning and just translation without the compromises of deidentification.
Plasma Oscillation Behavior and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Carbon Nanofibers/Conductive Polymer Metacomposites at Radarwave Frequency
Authors: Chen Jiali , Shi Yunan , Pan Kaichao , Du Jiang , Qiu Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetacomposites have attracted widespread attention due to their unique negative electromagnetic properties and stupendous applications. Although there are systems that realize metamaterial properties in low radio frequency bands, the research on the construction of polymer matrix metacomposites with negative performance in the pivotal GHz band is still undiscovered. Herein, carbon nanofiber/conductive polymer metacomposites with 3D overlapping network structures are innovatively constructed to achieve negative permittivity characteristics in the radarwave frequency range, and convenient methods for further adjusting the electromagnetic parameters is also proposed. The results show that the negative permittivity of CNFs/PANI metacomposites can be conveniently altered via adjusting PANI content. Furthermore, electromagnetic shielding has also been fully discussed as one of the most valuable applications of the metacomposites. The SET of CNFs/PANI‐70 has an average value of 70 dB at 4–18 GHz and can reach a maximum of 80 dB at 4 GHz, which far exceeds the current commercial electromagnetic shielding standards. This work greatly broadens the promising application of metacomposites for perfect electromagnetic shielding, novel capacitance, and frequency selective surfaces.
Percolation in Polydisperse Polymer Systems: A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Agajew Oliwia , Sikorski Andrzej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe structure of polymer chains at interfaces still is not fully understood. A coarse‐grained lattice model is used to study the structure of macromolecules strongly adsorbed on a flat surface. As a result, the polymers are strictly two‐dimensional. Chains are flexible and athermal. A dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm consisting of local and non‐local modification of chains’ conformations is employed. The scaling behavior of chains’ size is found to be similar to monodisperse systems. It is also shown that the introduction of polydispersity increases values of the percolation threshold, especially for longer chains. The influence of the type of polydispersity on the percolation threshold in two‐dimensional polymer films is found to be significant.
A radiomics‐boosted deep‐learning model for COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia classification using chest x‐ray images
Authors: Hu Zongsheng , Yang Zhenyu , Lafata Kyle J. , Yin Fang‐Fang , Wang Chunhao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop a deep learning model design that integrates radiomics analysis for enhanced performance of COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia detection using chest x‐ray images.MethodsAs a novel radiomics approach, a 2D sliding kernel was implemented to map the impulse response of radiomic features throughout the entire chest x‐ray image; thus, each feature is rendered as a 2D map in the same dimension as the x‐ray image. Based on each of the three investigated deep neural network architectures, including VGG‐16, VGG‐19, and DenseNet‐121, a pilot model was trained using x‐ray images only. Subsequently, two radiomic feature maps (RFMs) were selected based on cross‐correlation analysis in reference to the pilot model saliency map results. The radiomics‐boosted model was then trained based on the same deep neural network architecture using x‐ray images plus the selected RFMs as input.The proposed radiomics‐boosted design was developed using 812 chest x‐ray images with 262/288/262 COVID‐19/non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia/healthy cases, and 649/163 cases were assigned as training‐validation/independent test sets. For each model, 50 runs were trained with random assignments of training/validation cases following the 7:1 ratio in the training‐validation set. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and ROC curves together with area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) from all three deep neural network architectures were evaluated.ResultsAfter radiomics‐boosted implementation, all three investigated deep neural network architectures demonstrated improved sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and ROC AUC results in COVID‐19 and healthy individual classifications. VGG‐16 showed the largest improvement in COVID‐19 classification ROC (AUC from 0.963 to 0.993), and DenseNet‐121 showed the largest improvement in healthy individual classification ROC (AUC from 0.962 to 0.989). The reduced variations suggested improved robustness of the model to data partition. For the challenging non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia classification task, radiomics‐boosted implementation of VGG‐16 (AUC from 0.918 to 0.969) and VGG‐19 (AUC from 0.964 to 0.970) improved ROC results, while DenseNet‐121 showed a slight yet insignificant ROC performance reduction (AUC from 0.963 to 0.949). The achieved highest accuracy of COVID‐19/non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia/healthy individual classifications were 0.973 (VGG‐19)/0.936 (VGG‐19)/ 0.933 (VGG‐16), respectively.ConclusionsThe inclusion of radiomic analysis in deep learning model design improved the performance and robustness of COVID‐19/non‐COVID‐19 pneumonia/healthy individual classification, which holds great potential for clinical applications in the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A novel energy‐based framework for characterizing the strain‐softening behavior of CFRP composites using cyclic loading
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Hanyu , Liu Zhao , Zhu Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComplex failure modes of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites create significant challenges for CFRP components' progressive damage analysis (PDA). Though important in PDA, the phenomenological strain‐softening model (SSM) for characterizing the degradation behavior in the fiber‐parallel direction (dominated by fiber breakage) of CFRP is difficult to be constructed by current approaches due to the poor toughness of carbon fibers. The work aims to obtain a refined SSM of plain woven CFRP composites through experimental methods and apply it to the PDA of corresponding components. A novel phenomenological cyclic‐loading‐based strain‐softening model (CLSSM) was proposed based on the theory of equivalent dissipation energy during static and cyclic loading. Firstly, the release behavior of dissipation energy during the cyclic loading process was researched. Secondly, a newly designed search algorithm taking degraded mechanical properties during cyclic loading as input and taking the static strain‐softening curve as output was utilized to build up CLSSM. Thirdly, a three‐point bending test was conducted and a corresponding numerical model was constructed for comparison to verify the proposed model. The entire framework is highly programmatic, and results show that CLSSM is fast for characterizing the strain‐softening behavior, and effectively simulates the progressive failure process of CFRP components.