bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial markers of age at onset in bipolar disorder: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bolton Sorcha , Joyce Dan W. , Gordon-Smith Katherine , Jones Lisa , Jones Ian , Geddes John , Saunders Kate E. A. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundBipolar disorder is a chronic and severe mental health disorder. Early stratification of individuals into subgroups based on age at onset (AAO) has the potential to inform diagnosis and early intervention. Yet, the psychosocial predictors associated with AAO are unknown.AimsWe aim to identify psychosocial factors associated with bipolar disorder AAO.MethodUsing data from the Bipolar Disorder Research Network UK, we employed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify psychosocial factors associated with bipolar disorder AAO. Twenty-eight factors were entered into our model, with AAO as our outcome measure.ResultsWe included 1022 participants with bipolar disorder (μ = 23.0, s.d. ± 9.86) in our model. Six variables predicted an earlier AAO: childhood abuse (β = −0.2855), regular cannabis use in the year before onset (β = −0.2765), death of a close family friend or relative in the 6 months before onset (β = −0.2435), family history of suicide (β = −0.1385), schizotypal personality traits (β = −0.1055) and irritable temperament (β = −0.0685). Five predicted a later AAO: the average number of alcohol units consumed per week in the year before onset (β = 0.1385); birth of a child in the 6 months before onset (β = 0.2755); death of parent, partner, child or sibling in the 6 months before onset (β = 0.3125); seeking work without success for 1 month or more in the 6 months before onset (β = 0.3505) and a major financial crisis in the 6 months before onset (β = 0.4575).ConclusionsThe identified predictor variables have the potential to help stratify high-risk individuals into likely AAO groups, to inform treatment provision and early intervention.
A brief history of Hawking's information paradox
Authors: Calmet Xavier , Hsu Stephen D. H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this invited review, we describe Hawking's information paradox and a recently proposed resolution of it. Explicit calculations demonstrate the existence of quantum hair on black holes, meaning that the quantum state of the external graviton field depends on the internal state of the black hole. Simple quantum mechanics then implies that Hawking radiation amplitudes depend on the internal state, resulting in a pure final radiation state that preserves unitarity and, importantly, violates a factorization assumption which is central to the original paradox. Black hole information is encoded in entangled macroscopic superposition states of the radiation.
Affimers and nanobodies as molecular probes and their applications in imaging
Authors: Cordell Paul , Carrington Glenn , Curd Alistair , Parker Francine , Tomlinson Darren , Peckham Michelle 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Antibodies are the most widely used, traditional tool for labelling molecules in cells. In the past five to ten years, many new labelling tools have been developed with significant advantages over the traditional antibody. Here, we focus on nanobodies and the non-antibody binding scaffold proteins called Affimers. We explain how they are generated, selected and produced, and we describe how their small size, high binding affinity and specificity provides them with many advantages compared to antibodies. Of particular importance, their small size enables them to better penetrate dense cytoskeletal regions within cells, as well as tissues, providing them with specific advantage for super-resolution imaging, as they place the fluorophore with a few nanometres of the target protein being imaged. We expect these novel tools to be of broad interest to many cell biologists and anticipate them becoming the tools of choice for super-resolution imaging.
Genomic prediction in plants: opportunities for ensemble machine learning based approaches
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , van Dijk Aalt D.J. , Nijveen Harm , Mansoor Shahid , de Ridder Dick 
Published: July 2022

Background: Many studies have demonstrated the utility of machine learning (ML) methods for genomic prediction (GP) of various plant traits, but a clear rationale for choosing ML over conventionally used, often simpler parametric methods, is still lacking. Predictive performance of GP models might depend on a plethora of factors including sample size, number of markers, population structure and genetic architecture. Methods: Here, we investigate which problem and dataset characteristics are related to good performance of ML methods for genomic prediction. We compare the predictive performance of two frequently used ensemble ML methods (Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting) with parametric methods including genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression (RKHS), BayesA and BayesB. To explore problem characteristics, we use simulated and real plant traits under different genetic complexity levels determined by the number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), heritability (h2 and h2e), population structure and linkage disequilibrium between causal nucleotides and other SNPs. Results: Decision tree based ensemble ML methods are a better choice for nonlinear phenotypes and are comparable to Bayesian methods for linear phenotypes in the case of large effect Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTNs). Furthermore, we find that ML methods are susceptible to confounding due to population structure but less sensitive to low linkage disequilibrium than linear parametric methods. Conclusions: Overall, this provides insights into the role of ML in GP as well as guidelines for practitioners.
Roman Rybarski wobec działań politycznych obozu sanacyjnego w pierwszych latach jego rządów (1926–1930) w świetle publicystyki i wystąpień sejmowych
Authors: Zychowicz Damian 
Published: July 2022

Roman Rybarski, jako jeden z działaczy obozu narodowego oraz przywódca klubu parlamentarnego Stronnictwa Narodowego (powstałego w 1928 r.), wyrażał się w sposób krytyczny o politycznych działaniach obozu sanacyjnego. Swoją krytykę opierał na argumentach odnoszących się do wartości cywilizacji zachodniej, m.in. poszanowania prawa, wolności osobistej oraz pluralizmu politycznego. Oprócz wysuwania zarzutów o naruszanie tychże wartości Rybarski proponował własne pomysły na naprawę sytuacji w państwie. Miejscami, w których Rybarski wyrażał swoje poglądy, była głównie prasa oraz mównica sejmowa. Niniejsza praca skupia się na okresie kształtowania i umacniania pozycji obozu sanacyjnego, czyli na latach 1926–1930 (od przewrotu majowego do wyborów brzeskich).
Regulating Professional Players in Peer-to-Peer Markets: Evidence from Airbnb
Authors: Chen Wei , Wei Zaiyan , Xie Karen 
Published: July 2022

We study professional players and their roles in peer-to-peer (P2P) markets. Most notably, P2P home-sharing platforms (e.g., Airbnb) consist of both professional hosts and nonprofessional individual hosts. What are the roles of the professionals? Should home-sharing platforms regulate their participation? Professional hosts may primarily offer properties that nonprofessional hosts would not supply and attract more guests—the differentiation effect. Or they may mostly supply similar properties and compete with the nonprofessionals—the competition effect. Using a unique data set of Airbnb listings, we first find that professional hosts’ properties are more expensive and have superior characteristics than nonprofessionals’. Second, we capitalize on a quasi-experiment in which Airbnb capped the number of properties a host can manage in several cities in the United States to determine the roles of professional hosts. With different predictions (about the policy impacts) under the differentiation versus competition effects, we find evidence suggesting the dominance of the latter. In particular, the policy increased the supply from nonprofessional hosts, and the price level of nonprofessional properties as a group went up after the policy. However, our findings of heterogeneity in policy impacts suggest that the dominance of competition is less prominent in certain markets. Finally, we find that the platform was not worse off in attracting reservations or securing revenue after the policy. Our findings contribute to both theory and practice as they reveal the roles of professional players and how P2P platforms can manage their participation. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems. Funding: K. Xie acknowledges financial support from the University of Denver’s Betty and Fritz Knoebel Faculty Fellowship [Grant #84383] and the Marketing Science Institute [Grant 4000791]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4480 .
Clinical results and patient-reported outcomes following robotic-assisted primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Joo Peter Y. , Chen Antonia F. , Richards Jarod , Law Tsun Y. , Taylor Kelly , Marchand Kevin , Clark Gavin , Collopy Dermot , Marchand Robert C. , Roche Martin , Mont Michael A. , Malkani Arthur L. 
Published: July 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to report patient and clinical outcomes following robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) at multiple institutions with a minimum two-year follow-up. Methods This was a multicentre registry study from October 2016 to June 2021 that included 861 primary RA-TKA patients who completed at least one pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) questionnaire, including Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR), and pain out of 100 points. The mean age was 67 years (35 to 86), 452 were male (53%), mean BMI was 31.5 kg/m2 (19 to 58), and 553 (64%) cemented and 308 (36%) cementless implants. Results There were significant improvements in PROMs over time between preoperative, one- to two-year, and > two-year follow-up, with a mean FJS of 17.5 (SD 18.2), 70.2 (SD 27.8), and 76.7 (SD 25.8; p < 0.001); mean KOOS JR of 51.6 (SD 11.5), 85.1 (SD 13.8), and 87.9 (SD 13.0; p < 0.001); and mean pain scores of 65.7 (SD 20.4), 13.0 (SD 19.1), and 11.3 (SD 19.9; p < 0.001), respectively. There were eight superficial infections (0.9%) and four revisions (0.5%). Conclusion RA-TKA demonstrated consistent clinical results across multiple institutions with excellent PROMs that continued to improve over time. With the ability to achieve target alignment in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes and provide intraoperative real-time data to obtain balanced gaps, RA-TKA demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes and PROMs in this patient population. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):589–595.
Causal factors affecting gross motor function in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy
Authors: MacWilliams Bruce A. , Prasad Sarada , Shuckra Amy L. , Schwartz Michael H. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex neuromuscular condition that may negatively influence gross motor function. Children diagnosed with CP often exhibit spasticity, weakness, reduced motor control, contracture, and bony malalignment. Despite many previous association studies, the causal impact of these impairments on motor function is unknown.

Aim
In this study, we proposed a causal model which estimated the effects of common impairments on motor function in children with spastic CP as measured by the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). We estimated both direct and total effect sizes of all included variables using linear regression based on covariate adjustment sets implied by the minimally sufficient adjustment sets. In addition, we estimated bivariate effect sizes of all measures for comparison.

Method
We retrospectively evaluated 300 consecutive subjects with spastic cerebral palsy who underwent routine clinical gait analysis. Model data included standard information collected during this analysis.

Results
The largest causal effect sizes, as measured by standardized regression coefficients, were found for selective voluntary motor control and dynamic motor control, followed by strength, then gait deviations. In contrast, common treatment targets, such as spasticity and orthopedic deformity, had relatively small effects. Effect sizes estimated from bivariate models, which cannot appropriately adjust for other causal factors, substantially overestimated the total effect of spasticity, strength, and orthopedic deformity.

Interpretation
Understanding the effects of impairments on gross motor function will allow clinicians to direct treatments at those impairments with the greatest potential to influence gross motor function and provide realistic expectations of the anticipated changes.
High prevalence of sexual infection by human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually-active women from a large city in the Amazon region of Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Leonardo Miranda , de Souza Josiellem Damasceno , Mbakwa Hilary Acha , Nobre Akim Felipe Santos , Vieira Rodrigo Covre , Ferrari Stephen Francis , Rodrigues Anderson Raiol , Ishikawa Edna Aoba Yassui , Guerreiro João Farias , de Sousa Maísa Silva 
Published: July 2022

Background
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) worldwide, and are associated cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease, respectively. However, 80% of women testing positive are asymptomatic. In the Amazon region, young women, in particular, are widely exposed to the infections and their consequences.

Objectives
Determine the prevalence of sexual infection by HPV and C. trachomatis in young, sexually-active women treated at a university health program in a large city of the Brazilian Amazon region.

Methods
We amplified the L1 gene of HPV. We amplified ompA gene of C. trachomatis by nested PCR, and the study participants filled in a questionnaire on their social, epidemiological, and reproductive health characteristics. The data were analyzed using the Odds Ratio, to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the observed infections.

Results
The prevalence of infection by HPV was 15.5% (47/303). This infection was recorded in 32.2% of the women of less than 25 years of age (OR:3.02 [CI95%] = 1.32–6.92; p = 0.014), 17.9% of the single women (OR: 2.41 [CI95%] = 1.22–4.75; p = 0.014), 23.8% of the women that reported having first sexual intercourse at less than 15 years of age (OR: 2.22 [CI95%] = 1.16–4.23; p = 0.021), 20% of those that reported having had more than one sexual partner during their lifetime (OR: 3.83 [CI95%] = 1.56–9.37; p = 0.003), and in 28.3% that use oral contraceptives (CI95% = 1.33–5.43; p = 0.008). The prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis was 4.6% (14/303), and this bacterium was present in 16.1% of the young women of less than 25 years of age (OR: 2.86 [CI95%] = 1.33–5.43; p = 0.008).

Conclusions
We found a high prevalence of HPV in young, unmarried women who started their sex lives early, who had several sexual partners in their lives and who used oral contraceptives. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was high only in young women. Our data are in accordance with other studies in Brazil and in the world and may serve to base the formulation of diagnostic and screening measures for these infections in women in the Amazon.
Clinical safety and efficacy of bispecific antibody in the treatment of solid tumors: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Balibegloo Maryam , Saghazadeh Amene , Rezaei Nima 
Published: July 2022

Background
Cancers are among the most common causes of mortality and morbidity. Recently, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have been used for cancer treatment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to determine the safety and efficacy of BsAbs in the treatment of solid tumors.

Methods
We will search five electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, in addition to Clinical-Trials.gov and metaRegister of controlled trials and backward and forward citation searching of included studies. Eligible studies will be controlled clinical trials evaluating safety and/or efficacy of BsAbs in adult patients with solid tumors. The primary outcomes will be the incidence of safety and efficacy measures. Title and/or abstract screening, full text reviewing, data collection, and quality assessment will be done by two reviewers. We will use The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool 2 (RoB2) to assess the quality of included studies. If I-square heterogeneity was greater than 40%, we will implement random effect model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be undertaken if applicable. The metaprop command of STATA will be used to calculate frequency of AEs. Funnel plot, Egger’s and Peter’s tests will be utilized to evaluate publication bias in case of including at least ten studies. We will use sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effects of funding sources and continuity correction on effects size.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study will provide information on safety and efficacy of BsAbs for physicians and researchers in the management of solid tumors.

Trial registration
Registration on PROSPERO CRD42021227879 Also, important protocol amendments will be stated on PROSPERO registration.
The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on quality of life in children with asthma
Authors: Garina Lisa Adhia , Yunus Faisal , Timan Ina Susianti , Nalapraya Widhy Yudistira , Supriyatno Bambang 
Published: July 2022

Background In children with asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a comorbidity of concern. The presence of OSA has been associated with asthma exacerbations and decreased quality of life. Leukotriene played a role in tonsil hypertrophy which is one of the risk factors for OSA.
Objective To evaluate the influence of OSA on quality of life in children with asthma.
Methods This cross-sectional study in asthmatic children aged 7?15 years was conducted from August 2020 to June 2021 at government elementary and primary high schools in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Asthma was diagnosed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and OSA was diagnosed by polysomnography. Leukotriene was examined by an ELISA method and quality of life assessed by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ).
Results Using the ISAAC questionnaire distributed through teachers to parents, 206 (6.9%) of 2,964 children stated that they had been diagnosed with asthma, 80 of whom were included in our study. Subjects’ mean age was 12 (SD 2) years and most were male. Intermittent asthma and history of allergy was dominant. Thirty-two children had OSA, mostly mild OSA. The mean level of leukotriene was not different between asthmatic children with and without OSA. The percentage of PEFR in asthmatic children with OSA was significantly lower than in those without OSA. The total PAQLQ score in asthmatic children with OSA and all PAQLQ domains were significantly lower than in those without OSA.
Conclusion Obstructive sleep apnea in children with asthma is significantly associated with decreased peak expiratory flow rate and lower quality of life.
Nazhir Capacity Analysis and Cooperation in Productive Waqf Management
Authors: Shiddiqy Muhammad Ash 
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Waqf is an economic tool that can bring prosperity to the community. Therefore, good and proper management is required to realize the best interests of wakaf property. As the manager and developer of waqf property, Nazhir must have the ability and skills to manage waqf property. For this reason, special standardization is required to obtain a capable Nazhir based on the wealth of the waqf under management. When the management of the wakaf property works well and produces the best benefits, then these benefits can be used as the beneficiaries of the wakaf property to prosper the community. In the Law on Waqf No. 41 of 2004 and Government Regulation No. 42 of 2006 it has been stated about the responsibilities, roles, and functions of Nazhir. In addition to the law, there are also minimum requirements and abilities that an individual or group of Nazhir must possess. It is hoped that Nazhir in the future will have special abilities. Even though he did not have special skills, Nazir must have a strong desire to learn something related to the management, management and development of Waqf. Abstrak: Wakaf merupakan alat ekonomi yang dapat membawa kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik dan benar untuk mendapatkan manfaat yang terbaik dari harta wakaf. Sebagai pengelola dan pengembang harta wakaf, Nazhir harus memiliki kemampuan dan keterampilan dalam mengelola harta wakaf. Untuk itu diperlukan standarisasi khusus untuk mendapatkan nazhir yang mumpuni berdasarkan harta wakaf yang dikelolanya. Ketika pengelolaan harta wakaf dapat berjalan dengan baik dan menghasilkan keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya, maka manfaat tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai penerima manfaat harta wakaf untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pada Undang- Undang Tentang Wakaf No 41 Tahun 2004 dan Peraturan Pemerintah No 42 Tahun 2006 telah disampaikan tentang tanggungjawab, peran, serta fungsi Nazhir. Selain undang-undang, ada juga persyaratan dan kemampuan minimum yang harus dimiliki oleh individu atau kelompok Nazhir. Diharapkan Nazhir di masa depan akan memiliki kemampuan khusus. Meski tidak memiliki keahlian khusus, Nazir harus memiliki keinginan yang kuat untuk mempelajari sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan, pengelolaan dan pengembangan Wakaf.
Вместо университета — в колледж: что приводит успевающих одиннадцатиклассников в СПО?
Authors: Мальцева Вера Андреевна , Сальникова Ирина Евгеньевна , Шабалин Алексей Игоревич 
Published: July 2022

Учеба в старшей школе чаще всего завершается поступлением в вуз, а колледж для одиннадцатиклассников является «вторичной» траекторией. Однако с середины 2010-х годов все больше выпускников 11 классов подают заявления в колледжи на фоне стагнирующего приема в вузы. В основе растущего спроса на СПО могут лежать как проблемы доступа к высшему образованию, так и изменение в восприятии желаемых и приемлемых послешкольных траекторий. В статье через призму социально-экономического неравенства и рационального действия исследуются особенности выбора образовательного маршрута одиннадцатиклассников, ставших студентами колледжей. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляет серия интервью со студентами, поступившими в колледжи в 2019—2020 гг. после окончания 11 классов и имевшими относительно высокую успеваемость в школе.
Исследование показало, что на выбор образовательной траектории студентов колледжей повлияло сочетание факторов. С одной стороны, выбор в пользу СПО оказался вынужденным шагом для одиннадцатиклассников в условиях снижения доступа к высшему образованию. Это следствие не только вторичных эффектов социально-экономического положения семьи и ее невысокого экономического ресурса, но и отсутствия продуманной стратегии поступления в вуз, наличие которой становится условием успешной прогрессии в высшее образование. С другой стороны, зафиксировано изменение в нарративе СПО: в случае «мягких» и цифровых профессий колледж начинает выступать непосредственной альтернативой вузу, каналом более быстрого и менее затратного овладения монетизируемыми профессиональными навыками. Таким образом, рост интереса к СПО можно интерпретировать и как вынужденно отложенное решение о получении диплома вуза, и как следствие нелинейности образовательных маршрутов молодежи.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 22–18-00533).
Авторы благодарят за содействие в сборе данных и поддержку исследования В.А. Болотова, за обсуждение материалов интервью и содержательные комментарии — Е.В. Минину. Отдельную признательность авторы выражают Н.Я. Розенфельд и Е.А. Беловой за помощь в проведении интервью.