bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erlotinib‐Modified BODIPY Photosensitizers for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Gül Elif Yıldız , Karataş Elanur Aydın , Doğan Hatice Aydın , Karataş Ömer Faruk , Çoşut Bünyemin , Eçik Esra Tanrıverdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative, non‐invasive and highly selective therapeutic modality for tumours and non‐malignant diseases. BODIPY based molecules can function as new generation photosensitizers (PSs) in various PDT applications. Despite numerous conjugated PS systems are available, BODIPYs containing erlotinib lagged behind other photosensitizer units. In this study, smart photosensitizers containing BODIPY, erlotinib and hydrophilic units were prepared for the first time, their physicochemical properties and PDT effects were investigated. Compared with non‐halogenated compound, halogenated derivatives possessed much lower fluorescence profile as well as the good ROS generation ability under red light. In vitro PDT studies were performed on both healthy (PNT1a) and prostate cancerous cells (PC3) to determine the selectivity of the compounds on cancerous cells and their effects under light. The halogenated conjugates, exposed to low dose of light illumination exhibited potent activity on cancer cell viability and the calculated IC50values proved the high phototoxicity of the photosensitizers. It was also determined that the PSs have very low dark toxicity and that the light illumination and ROS formation are required for the initiation of the cell death mechanism. As a result, erlotinib modified BODIPYs could serve as promising agents in anticancer photodynamic therapy.
How Structure–Function Relationships of 1,4‐Naphthoquinones Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Multidrug‐Resistant (MDR) Pathogens
Authors: Mone Nishigandha S. , Syed Sahil , Ravichandiran Palanisamy , Satpute Surekha K. , Kim Ae Rhan , Yoo Dong Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten health‐related threats worldwide. Among several antimicrobial agents, naphthoquinones (NQs) of plant/chemical origin possess enormous structural and functional diversity and are effective against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens. 1,4‐NQs possess alkyl, hydroxyl, halide, and metal groups as side chains on their double‐ring structure, predominantly at the C‐2, C‐3, C‐5, and C‐8 positions. Among 1,4‐NQs, hydroxyl groups at either C‐2 or C‐5 exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) and MDR categories. 1,4‐NQs exhibit antibacterial activities like plasmids curing, reactive oxygen species generation, efflux pumps inhibition, anti‐DNA gyrase activity, membrane permeabilization, and biofilm inhibition. This review emphasizes the structure‐function relationships of 1,4‐NQs against ESKAPE and MDR pathogens based on a literature review of studies published in the last 15 years. Overall, 1,4‐NQs have great potential for counteracting the antimicrobial resistance of MDR pathogens.
Cryptic persistence and loss of local endemism in Lake Constance charr subject to anthropogenic disturbance
Authors: Baer Jan , Schliewen Ulrich K. , Schedel Frederic D. B. , Straube Nicolas , Roch Samuel , Brinker Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the welcome circumstance that species believed extinct are rediscovered, it is often the case that biological knowledge acquired before the presumed extinction is limited. Efforts to address these knowledge gaps, in particular to assess the taxonomic integrity and conservation status of such species, can be hampered by a lack of genetic data and scarcity of samples in museum collections. Here, we present a proof‐of‐concept case study based on a multidisciplinary data evaluation approach to tackle such problems. The approach was developed after the rediscovery, 40 years after its presumed extinction, of the enigmatic Lake Constance deep‐water charr Salvelinus profundus. Targeted surveys led to the capture of further species and additional sympatric normal charr, Salvelinus cf. umbla. Since the lake had been subject to massive stocking in the past, an evaluation of the genetic integrity of both extant forms was called for in order to assess possible introgression. A two‐step genomic approach was developed based on restriction site associated DNA (RAD). Diagnostic population genomic (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]) data were harvested from contemporary samples and used for RNA bait design to perform target capture in DNA libraries of archival scale material, enabling a comparison between extant and historic samples. Furthermore, life history traits and morphological data for both extant forms were gathered and compared with historical data from the past 60–120 years. While extant deep‐water charr matched historical deep‐water specimens in body shape, gill raker count, and growth rates, significant differences were discovered between historical and extant normal charr. These resulted were supported by genomic analyses of contemporary samples, revealing the two extant forms to be highly divergent. The results of population assignment tests suggest that the endemic deep‐water charr persisted in Lake Constance during the eutrophic phase, but not one of the historical genomic samples could be assigned to the extant normal charr taxon. Stocking with non‐endemic charr seems to be the most likely reason for these changes. This proof‐of‐concept study presents a multidisciplinary data evaluation approach that simultaneously tests population genomic integrity and addresses some of the conservation issues arising from rediscovery of a species characterized by limited data availability.
Direct, simple, rapid, and real‐time monitoring of ultraviolet B level in sunlight using a self‐powered and flexible photodetector
Authors: Tran Manh Hoang , Hur Jaehyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSunlight‐originated ultraviolet B (UVB) rays influence daily life in both beneficial and detrimental ways, depending upon light power and exposure time. Therefore, precise and timely UVB irradiance control is of great importance to humans. This study proposes a self‐powered and wearable zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticle (NP)‐based UVB‐C detector for the in situ monitoring of UVB levels in ambient environments. The performance of the ZnS‐based photodetector can be markedly enhanced by constructing a vertical p‐n heterojunction for testing the feasibility of a self‐powered UVB‐C detector, employing a thin polyethylenimine (PEI) film for inhibiting current leakage and charge recombination, and introducing a poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐N‐[4‐s‐butylphenyl]‐diphenylamine) (TFB) film as a hole transport layer to increase the photocurrent and enhance the response speed. In particular, we demonstrate that the ZnS NP/TFB junction in the device enables the direct monitoring of narrow and specific UVB bands from sunlight owing to its unique energy band structure and light absorption characteristics. The optimized device has a fast rise/fall time of 50/62 ms, high specific detectivity of 8.20 × 1010 Jones, and good stability over long‐term storage and against mechanical bending under 254‐nm light illumination. Our study provides new insights into self‐powered devices that can be implemented for the facile, precise, and rapid estimation of UVB levels under sunlight for various personal healthcare applications.image
Comparing different machine‐learning techniques to date Nile Delta sediments based on portable X‐ray fluorescence data
Authors: Seeliger Martin , Ginau Andreas , Altmeyer Marina , Neis Pascal , Schiestl Robert , Wunderlich Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGeomorphology generally aims to describe and investigate the processes that lead to the formation of landscapes, while geochronology is needed to detect their timing and duration. Due to restrictions on exporting geological samples from Egypt, modern geoscientific studies in the Nile Delta lack the possibility of dating the investigated sediments and geological features by standard techniques such as OSL or AMS 14C; therefore, this study aims to validate a new approach using machine‐learning algorithms on portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) data. Archaeologically dated sediments from the archaeological excavations of Buto (Tell el‐Fara'in; on‐site) that pXRF analyses have geochemically characterized serve as training data for running and comparing Neural Nets, Random Forests, and single‐decision trees. The established pXRF fingerprints are transferred via machine‐learning algorithms to set up a chronology for undated sediments from sediment cores (i.e., the test data) of the nearby surroundings (off‐site). Neural Nets and Random Forests work fine in dating sediments and deliver the best classification results compared with single‐decision trees, which struggle with outliers and tend to overfit the training data. Furthermore, Random Forests can be modeled faster and are easier to understand than the complex, less transparent Neural Nets. Therefore, Random Forests provide the best algorithm for studies like this. Furthermore, river features east of Kom el‐Gir are dated to pre‐Ptolemaic times (before 332 B.C.) when Kom el‐Gir had possibly not yet been settled. The research in this paper shows the success of close interactions from various scientific disciplines (Geoinformatics, Physical Geography, Archaeology, Ancient History) to decipher landscape evolution in the long‐term‐settled Nile Delta's environs using machine learning. With the approach's design and the possibility of integrating many other geographical/sedimentological methods, this study demonstrates the potential of the methodological approach to be applied in other geoscientific fields.
The impact of Community Health Centers on inappropriate use of emergency services
Authors: Lippi Bruni Matteo , Ugolini Cristina , Verzulli Rossella , Leucci Anna Caterina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommunity Health Centers offer coordinated and comprehensive responses to primary care needs. Our study aims at assessing whether the introduction of such organizational model improved health outcomes measured by inappropriate emergency visits among diabetics in the Emilia‐Romagna region of Italy. Using difference‐in‐differences methods within a staggered treatment setting, we estimate the effect of Community Health Center participation on inappropriate hospital emergency visits between year 2010 and year 2016. We distinguish between emergency department admissions for varying time spans, occurring at daytime during working days, at night‐time, as well as during weekends. We show that, the causal effect of the adoption of the community care model leads to a reduction in the probability of inappropriate admissions by an amount ranging between 1.6 and 1.7% points during working days at daytime, with large facilities responsible for most gains by experiencing a decrease ranging between 4 and 3% points. Conversely, we detect no difference at night‐time and during weekends. Our results point out that the coordinated care model increases appropriateness among vulnerable patients, and that extending opening hours and the range of services can further enhance such benefits.
Numerical simulation of hyporheic exchange driven by an emergent vegetation patch
Authors: Lv Jianzhang , Gao Xueping , Sun Bowen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVegetation patches increase the pressure gradient of local channels and can create an uneven pressure distribution at the water–sediment interface, thereby driving hyporheic exchange. However, this process has rarely been discussed. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of hyporheic exchange under the influence of multiple factors. A bidirectional coupling model of the overlying water and sediment with an emergent vegetation patch was adopted. The results show that hyporheic exchange driven by vegetation patches are spatially heterogeneous. The active area of hyporheic exchange was concentrated directly below the vegetation patch. A finger flow was formed at the edge of the active hyporheic exchange zone as the exchange took place. Furthermore, intermittent downward solute transport path (IDSTP) was formed downstream of the vegetation patch, and the exchange rate was one order of magnitude smaller than that of the hyporheic exchange active zone. Hyporheic exchange occurred at the stem and patch scales when the vegetation density was relatively high. There was a logarithmic relationship between the hyporheic exchange flux and sediment permeability, and a power function relationship existed between the hyporheic exchange flux and Reynolds number. The active area of hyporheic exchange will help predict pollutant transport and understand vegetation's nutrient absorption process. IDSTP will provide references for vegetation patch expansion.
Screening strategy for predominant phenolic components of digestive enzyme inhibitors in passion fruit peel extracts on simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Tang Fuhao , Cao Qiqi , Wei Baoyao , Teng Jianwen , Huang Li , Xia Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe targeted biological activity of a natural product is often the result of the combined action of multiple functional components. Screening for predominant contributing components of targeting activity is crucial for quality evaluation.RESULTSThirteen and nine phenolic compounds inhibiting α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase, respectively, were identified in the ethanol extracts of passion fruit peel through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. Considering the different concentrations of components and their interactions, the role of the semi‐inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the dose–effect relationship is limited. We proposed the active contribution rate (ACR), which is the ratio of a single component concentration to its IC50 in the whole, to assess the relative activity of each compound. Luteolin, quercetin, and vitexin exhibited a minimum IC50. Before the simulation of gastrointestinal digestion, quercetin, salicylic acid, and luteolin were identified as the dominant contributors to α‐glucosidase inhibition according to ACR, while salicylic acid, 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and quercetin were identified as dominant contributors to α‐amylase inhibition. After simulated digestion, the contents of all polyphenolic compounds decreased by various degrees. Salicylic acid, gentisic acid, and vitexin became the dominant inhibitors of α‐glucosidase based on ACR (cumulative 57.96%), while salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid became the dominant inhibitors of α‐amylase (cumulative 84.50%).CONCLUSIONTherefore, the ACR evaluation strategy can provide a quantitative reference for screening the predominant contributor components of a specific activity in complex systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thinking hierarchically about posttraumatic response: Commentary on Lehinger et al. (2022)
Authors: Yalch Matthew M. , Gallagher Alana R. , Watters Kayleigh N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLehinger et al.’s (2022) study on the associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, and alcohol use in sexual assault survivors extends previous research on posttraumatic response to sexual trauma. The study is useful for these purposes but it also raises other interesting questions about the nature of posttraumatic response and the structure of psychopathology more generally. In this commentary, we describe Lehinger et al.’s (2022) study and its findings and discuss their potential relevance for emerging transdiagnostic, hierarchical models of psychopathology.
Acute In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Dexamethasone in the Vocal Folds: a Pilot Study
Authors: Gartling Gary , Nakamura Ryosuke , Sayce Lea , Zimmerman Zachary , Slater Alysha , Wilson Azure , Bing Renjie , Branski Ryan C. , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: November 2022

Objectives/HypothesisGlucocorticoids (GC)s are commonly employed to treat vocal fold (VF) pathologies. However, VF atrophy has been associated with intracordal GC injections. Dexamethasone‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy is well‐documented in other tissues and believed to be mediated by increased muscle proteolysis via upregulation of Muscle Ring Finger (MuRF)‐1 and Atrogin‐1. Mechanisms of dexamethasone‐mediated VF atrophy have not been described. This pilot study employed in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on VF epithelium, thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, and TA‐derived myoblasts. We hypothesized that dexamethasone will increase atrophy‐associated gene expression in TA muscle and myoblasts and decrease TA muscle fiber size and epithelial thickness.Study DesignIn vitro, pre‐clinical.MethodsTA myoblasts were isolated from a female Sprague–Dawley rat and treated with 1 μM dexamethasone for 24‐h. In vivo, 15 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) bilateral intracordal injection of 40 μL dexamethasone (10 mg/ml; n = 5), (2) volume‐matched saline (n = 5), and (3) untreated controls (n = 5). Larynges were harvested 7‐days post‐injection. Across in vivo and in vitro experimentation, MuRF‐1 and Atrogin‐1 mRNA expression were measured via RT‐qPCR. TA muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) and epithelial thickness were also quantified in vivo.ResultsDexamethasone increased MuRF‐1 gene expression in TA myoblasts. Dexamethasone injection, however, did not alter atrophy‐associated gene expression, TA CSA, or epithelial thickness in vivo.ConclusionDexamethasone increased atrogene expression in TA myoblasts, providing foundational insight into GC induced atrophic gene transcription. Repeated dexamethasone injections may be required to elicit atrophy in vivo.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:2264–2270, 2023
Redefining North Atlantic right whale habitat‐use patterns under climate change
Authors: Meyer‐Gutbrod Erin L. , Davies Kimberley T. A. , Johnson Catherine L. , Plourde Stephane , Sorochan Kevin A. , Kenney Robert D. , Ramp Christian , Gosselin Jean‐Francois , Lawson Jack W. , Greene Charles H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChanges in the physical oceanography of the Northwest Atlantic stemming from both natural and anthropogenic climate change impact the foraging ecology and distribution of endangered North Atlantic right whales. In this study, right whale sightings from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed to examine decadal patterns in monthly habitat use in 12 high‐use areas. Depth‐integrated abundances of late‐stage Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus were also analyzed for decadal variations in the right whale foraging habitats. There were significant differences in the occurrence, seasonal timing, and persistence of foraging habitats across these three decades. In the decades of the 1990s and the 2010s, prey was less abundant than in the 2000s, corresponding to reduced use of the Southeast US calving grounds in the winter, increased use of Cape Cod Bay in winter and spring, and reduced use of Roseway Basin in the fall. In the 2010s, right whale sightings increased in Southern New England and the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the spring and summer, respectively. Summertime declines in the 2010s in late‐stage copepod abundances in the Gulf of Maine and surrounding regions, as well as in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, indicate that recent increased use of the Gulf of St. Lawrence is driven by a decline in prey in traditional foraging habitats rather than by an increase in prey in the new foraging habitat. This analysis of decadal‐scale differences in right whale sightings and prey abundance is critical for redefining right whale distribution patterns for the most recent (post‐2010) decade.
Image‐based analyses from an online repository provide rich information on long‐term changes in morphology and human perceptions of rhinos
Authors: Wilson Oscar E. , Pashkevich Michael D. , Rookmaaker Kees , Turner Edgar C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Online image repositories can offer a freely accessible, information‐rich and cost‐effective alternative to museum collections for studying long‐term changes in human interactions with nature and ecological and evolutionary change. The Rhino Resource Center (RRC) is one example, curated by experts and holding a collection of >4000 rhino images, including both artistic portrayals (1481–2021) and photographs (taken between 1862–2021), and representing a potentially valuable case study to investigate the utility of online image repositories for research into large vertebrates and, potentially, other well‐recorded smaller taxa. The five extant species of rhino are all threatened by habitat loss and human hunting and therefore are an important focus for conservation research.

We used the RRC for two separate research approaches: (i) assessing the changing representations and human interactions with rhinos using 3158 images (1531 pieces of artwork and 1627 photographs); and (ii) determining to what extent morphological data can be extracted from photographs to assess changes in horn length over time, using a sample size of 80 photographs of rhinos taken in profile view.

We found that African rhino species have become more commonly depicted in images, compared to Asian rhino species over time. During the age of European imperialism (between the 16th and 20th centuries), rhinos were commonly portrayed as hunting trophies, but since the mid‐20th century, they have been increasingly portrayed in a conservation context, reflecting a change in emphasis from a more to less consumptive relationship between humans and rhinos. Finally, we found evidence for declining horn length over time across species, perhaps related to selective pressure of hunting, and indicating a utility for image‐based approaches in understanding societal perceptions of large vertebrates and trait evolution.

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Clinical and biological features prognostic of survival after relapse or progression of INRGSS stage MS pattern neuroblastoma: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project
Authors: Campbell Kevin , Kao Pei‐Chi , Naranjo Arlene , Kamijo Takehiko , Ramanujachar Ramya , London Wendy B. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes for patients with INRGSS metastatic special (MS) metastatic pattern neuroblastoma at initial diagnosis are well described. Prognosis after an initial event (relapse, progression, secondary malignancy) is unclear.MethodsWe investigated characteristics of MS pattern neuroblastoma patients in the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group database who subsequently experienced an event. Post‐event overall survival (OS) ± standard error was calculated overall and by diagnosis era: before 2000 versus 2001 or after. Cox models were used to identify factors prognostic of post‐event OS.ResultsAmong 209 patients with an event, 88% were less than 365 days old at diagnosis; tumors were MYCN amplified in 24% and diploid in 33%. The median (range) time from diagnosis to first event was 8.16 months (7 days to 11.24 years). Of 96 patients with known relapse/progression pattern, 75% were metastatic or primary plus metastatic. Five‐year post‐event OS was 53% ± 3.6% and was higher for 2001 and afterwards (62% ± 5.0%) compared to before 2001 (44% ± 4.9%; p = .0046). In patients diagnosed in 2001 and after, older age, Hispanic ethnicity, MYCN amplification, 1p LOH, diploidy, high Mitotic Karyorrhexis Index, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), unfavorable histology, and longer time to first event were prognostic of worse post‐event OS. Independent adverse prognostic factors on multivariable testing were non‐White race, MYCN amplification, and diploidy.SummaryPatients diagnosed in and after 2001 have substantially better post‐event OS compared to before 2001. In those diagnosed in and after 2001, most well‐accepted prognostic factors for OS at diagnosis are also prognostic of post‐event OS. Future studies may evaluate strategies to improve outcomes in this rare population.