bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐ and transgenerational biochemical effects of low‐dose exposure to bisphenol A and 4‐nonylphenol on testicular interstitial (Leydig) cells
Authors: Xia Bin‐Tong , He Yan , Guo Yang , Huang Jiao‐Long , Tang Xiao‐Juan , Wang Jian‐Ru , Tan Yan , Duan Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) and 4‐nonylphenol (NP) are well‐known endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that have been proven to affect Leydig cell (LC) functions and testosterone production, but whether BPA and NP have multi‐ and transgenerational biochemical effects on Leydig cells (LCs) is unknown. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that enables label‐free and non‐destructive analysis of the tissue specimen. Herein we employed FTIR coupled with chemometrics analysis to identify biomolecular changes in testicular interstitial (Leydig) cells of rats after chronic exposure to low doses of BPA and NP. Cluster segregations between exposed and control groups were observed based on the fingerprint region of 1800–900 cm−1 in all generations. The main biochemical alterations for segregation were amide I, amide II and nucleic acids. BPA and NP single and co‐exposure induced significant differences in the ratio of amide I to amide II compared to the corresponding control group in all generations. BPA exposure resulted in remarkable changes of cellular gene transcription and DNA oxidative damage across all generations. Direct exposure to BPA, NP, and BPA&NP of F0 and F1 generations could significantly decrease lipid accumulation in LCs in the F2 and F3 generations. The overall findings revealed that single or co‐exposure to BPA and NP at environmental concentrations affects the biochemical structures and properties of LCs.
Capability in Research on Cognition and Well-being in Ageing and Retirement
Authors: Johansson Boo , Berg Anne Ingeborg , Bjälkebring Pär , Praetorius Björk Marcus , Brehmer Yvonne , Buratti Sandra , Hansson Isabelle , Hassing Linda , Henning Georg , Kivi Marie , König Stefanie , Lindwall Magnus , Rolstad Sindre , Skoog Johan , Thorvaldsson Valgeir , Elena Zulka Linn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we outline our thoughts on capability in relation to previous and ongoing research projects conducted by the Adult Development and Ageing (ADA-Gero) Research Group located at the Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. More specifically, we relate our research on cognitive ageing and subjective well-being to the overarching capability framework implemented as a theoretical platform in the AgeCap research consortium.
The Capability Approach in Research on Ageing Well at Home for Frail Older People
Authors: Dahlin-Ivanoff Synneve , Lood Qarin , Wilhelmson Katarina , Eklund Kajsa , Barenfeld Emmelie , Häggblom-Kronlöf Greta , Westgård Theresa , Andersson Hammar Isabelle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the work of the Frail Elderly Support Research Group (FRESH) in relation to the capability approach as a theoretical framework. The FRESH research group works with people who are at risk of developing frailty, as well as those who are already frail or very frail. In this chapter, FRESH aims to utilise the capability approach as a theoretical framework for research with and for frail older people, and to focus on the older people’s opportunities to realise their goals in relation to contextual factors that may influence them. A broad understanding of the concept of frailty in general is also presented. The capability approach makes a fundamental contribution to the understanding of the process of becoming frail, and how it may influence people as they age, because it focuses on people’s real opportunities, what it is possible to achieve and what people have reason to value, in relation to the resources that they have at hand. This chapter will hopefully encourage future researchers to consider evaluating the capability approach and implementing it in their own research.
On directors’ compensation: a multilevel analysis of Spanish listed companies
Authors: Núñez Fernando , Arcos-Vargas Ángel , Usabiaga Carlos , Álvarez-de-Toledo Pablo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the determinants of the annual compensation of directors belonging to the boards of the Spanish companies that constitute the IBEX 35 stock index. We investigate the importance of observed and unobserved heterogeneity in explaining director compensation. Based on a three-level mixed effect model, our analysis includes time-invariant random effects at company and manager level as determinants of director pay. We find that company effects explain 30% of the variation in director pay, while company and director effects taken together explain 77% of that variation. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of the company, in terms of activity sector, size and financial performance, and the professional attributes of the director (especially the role within the board), influence the compensation received. In addition, some directors and companies show random effects (either positive or negative) that significantly separate them from the expected compensation estimated from the fixed part of the model.
Augmented Reality‐Based Visual Cue for Guiding Central Catheter Insertion in Pediatric Oncologic Patients
Authors: Youn Joong Kee , Lee Dongheon , Ko Dayoung , Yeom Inhwa , Joo Hyun‐Jin , Kim Hee Chan , Kong Hyoun‐Joong , Kim Hyun‐Young 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric hemato‐oncologic patients require central catheters for chemotherapy, and the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium is considered the ideal location for catheter tips. Skin landmarks or fluoroscopic supports have been applied to identify the cavoatrial junction; however, none has been recognized as the gold standard. Therefore, we aim to develop a safe and accurate technique using augmented reality technology for the location of the cavoatrial junction in pediatric hemato‐oncologic patients.MethodsFifteen oncology patients who underwent chest computed tomography were enrolled for Hickman catheter or chemoport insertion. With the aid of augmented reality technology, three‐dimensional models of the internal jugular veins, external jugular veins, subclavian veins, superior vena cava, and right atrium were constructed. On inserting the central vein catheters, the cavoatrial junction identified using the three‐dimensional models were marked on the body surface, the tip was positioned at the corresponding location, and the actual insertion location was confirmed using a portable x‐ray machine. The proposed method was evaluated by comparing the distance from the cavoatrial junction to the augmented reality location with that to the conventional location on x‐ray.ResultsThe mean distance between the cavoatrial junction and augmented reality location on x‐ray was 1.2 cm, which was significantly shorter than that between the cavoatrial junction and conventional location (1.9 cm; P = 0.027).ConclusionsCentral catheter insertion using augmented reality technology is more safe and accurate than that using conventional methods and can be performed at no additional cost in oncology patients.
Different mechanisms of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice response to ocean heat transport
Authors: Aylmer Jake , Ferreira David , Feltham Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice on multidecadal timescales is key to reducing uncertainties in long-term climate projections. Here we investigate the impact of ocean heat transport (OHT) on sea ice, using pre-industrial control simulations of 20 models participating in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In all models and in both hemispheres, sea ice extent is negatively correlated with poleward OHT. However, the similarity of the correlations in both hemispheres hides radically different underlying mechanisms. In the northern hemisphere, positive OHT anomalies primarily result in increased ocean heat convergence along the Atlantic sea ice edge, where most of the ice loss occurs. Such strong, localised heat fluxes ($$\sim {}100~\text {W}~\text {m}^{-2}$$

∼

100

W

m

-
2

) also drive increased atmospheric moist-static energy convergence at higher latitudes, resulting in a pan-Arctic reduction in sea ice thickness. In the southern hemisphere, increased OHT is released relatively uniformly under the Antarctic ice pack, so that associated sea ice loss is driven by basal melt with no direct atmospheric role. These results are qualitatively robust across models and strengthen the case for a substantial contribution of ocean forcing to sea ice uncertainty, and biases relative to observations, in climate models.
SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Schlage Sandy , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Berner Reinhard , Simon Arne , Toepfner Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in Wuhan challenges pediatric oncologists in an unexpected way. We provide a comprehensive overview, which systematically summarizes and grades evidence (QoE) on SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric cancer patients at 1.5 years of pandemic. A systematic literature search in PubMed combined with an additional exploratory literature review in other international databases was conducted to identify studies on children (aged < 18 years) with a malignant disease and COVID-19 infections. In total, 45 reports on 1003 pediatric cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified out of 1397 reports analyzed. The clinical course of COVID-19 was reported mild or moderate in 358 patients (41.7%), whereas 11.1% of patients showed severe COVID-19. In 12.7% of patients, chemotherapy was postponed, whereas 19% of patients with different underlying malignancies received chemotherapy during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty-five patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections died, potentially related to COVID-19.Conclusion: Despite a favorable COVID-19 outcome in most pediatric cancer patients, the morbidity is reported higher than in children without comorbidities. However, no severe COVID-19 complications were associated to the continuation of chemotherapy in some cohort studies and reports on two patients. Therefore, the risk of cancer progress or relapse due to interruption of chemotherapy has carefully to be weighed against the risk of severe COVID-19 disease with potentially fatal outcome.

What is Known:• Most of pediatric patients with malignant diseases show an asymptomatic, mild or moderate clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. • Current need for a basis for decision-making, whether to stop or interrupt cancer treatment in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2, and when to continue chemotherapy.

What is New:• Review results comprising over 1000 pediatric COVID-19 cancer patients confirm mild courses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in most patients but also show the attributable mortality is at least 10 times higher compared to reports on hospitalized children without comorbidities.• Review identifies that chemotherapy was continued despite SARS-CoV-2 positivity in 18% of patients with individual chemotherapy modification according to the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and existing comorbidities. On this basis, no severe COVID-19 complications were associated to the continuation of chemotherapy in several cohort studies and two case reports.
A qPCR to quantify Wolbachia from few Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae as a surrogate for adult worm histology in clinical trials of antiwolbachial drugs
Authors: Schlabe Stefan , Korir Patricia , Lämmer Christine , Landmann Frederic , Dubben Bettina , Koschel Marianne , Albers Anna , Debrah Linda Batsa , Debrah Alexander Yaw , Hübner Marc P. , Pfarr Kenneth , Klarmann-Schulz Ute , Hoerauf Achim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus causes onchocerciasis (river blindness), a neglected tropical disease affecting 21 million people, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Targeting the endosymbiont Wolbachia with antibiotics leads to permanent sterilization and killing of adult worms. The gold standard to assess Wolbachia depletion is the histological examination of adult worms in nodules beginning at 6 months post-treatment. However, nodules can only be used once, limiting the time points to monitor Wolbachia depletion. A diagnostic to longitudinally monitor Wolbachia depletion from microfilariae (MF) at more frequent intervals < 6 months post-treatment would accelerate clinical trials of antiwolbachials. We developed a TaqMan qPCR amplifying the single-copy gene wOvftsZ to quantify Wolbachia from as few as one MF that had migrated from skin biopsies and compared quantification using circular and linearized plasmids or synthetic dsDNA (gBlock®). qPCR for MF from the rodent nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis was used to support the reproducibility and validate the principle. The qPCR using as few as 2 MF from O. volvulus and L. sigmodontis reproducibly quantified Wolbachia. Use of a linearized plasmid standard or synthesized dsDNA resulted in numbers of Wolbachia/MF congruent with biologically plausible estimates in O. volvulus and L. sigmodontis MF. The qPCR assay yielded a median of 48.8 (range 1.5–280.5) Wolbachia/O. volvulus MF. The qPCR is a sensitive tool for quantifying Wolbachia in a few MF from skin biopsies and allows for establishing the qPCR as a surrogate parameter for monitoring Wolbachia depletion in adult worms of new antiwolbachial candidates.
An updated view of the pathogenesis of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Horinouchi Tomoko , Nozu Kandai , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common childhood glomerular disease. Most forms of this syndrome respond to corticosteroids at standard doses and are, therefore, defined as steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). Immunological mechanisms and subsequent podocyte disorders play a pivotal role in SSNS and have been studied for years; however, the precise pathogenesis remains unclear. With recent advances in genetic techniques, an exhaustive hypothesis-free approach called a genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been conducted in various populations. GWASs in pediatric SSNS peaked in the human leukocyte antigen class II region in various populations. Additionally, an association of immune-related CALHM6/FAM26F, PARM1, BTNL2, and TNFSF15 genes, as well as NPHS1, which encodes nephrin expressed in podocytes, has been identified as a locus that achieves genome-wide significance in pediatric SSNS. However, the specific mechanism of SSNS development requires elucidation. This review describes an updated view of SSNS pathogenesis from immunological and genetic aspects, including interactions with infections or allergies, production of circulating factors, and an autoantibody hypothesis.
Cost of illness of oral lichen planus: a multicenter university hospital–based outpatient observational study
Authors: C Lajolo , C Rupe , G Gioco , M Giuliani , M Contaldo , T Salo , M Siponen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To estimate the economic costs of oral lichen planus (OLP) through a multicenter university hospital–based outpatient study conducted in Italy and Finland.

Materials and methods
A multicenter retrospective study was conducted on patients affected by OLP to evaluate the economic cost of managing the disease. Direct costs concerning diagnostic procedures, therapeutic management, and follow-up visits were obtained from clinical records. Statistics was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics.

Results
One hundred and eight patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OLP (81 women and 27 men), 58 Italians and 50 Finnish, were enrolled in this study. The mean annual cost was 1087.2 euros per patient. The mean annual cost was higher in Finnish than in Italian cohort (1558.7 euros vs. 680.7 euros—p < 0.05). Within the Italian cohort, the local immunosuppressive therapy group and atrophic and erosive OLP type had a higher cost (p < 0.05). Within the Finnish cohort, the local immunosuppressive therapy group had a higher cost (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
OLP-related costs are very similar to other chronic oral disorders (i.e., periodontitis) with differences between investigated countries. Moreover, patients with more severe clinical features, who need immunosuppressive therapy, are facing more expensive costs.

Clinical relevance.
In this multicenter cost of illness study, we estimated the direct health care costs of OLP and we found that patients with more severe clinical features, who therefore need symptomatic therapy, are facing more expensive costs.
Relative palatability and efficacy of brodifacoum-25D conservation rodenticide pellets for mouse eradication on Midway Atoll
Authors: Kappes Peter J. , Siers Shane R. , Leinbach Israel L. , Sugihara Robert T. , Jolley Wesley J. , Plissner Jonathan H. , Flint Elizabeth N. , Goodale Kelly L. , Howald Gregg R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvasive mice (Mus spp.) can negatively impact island species and ecosystems. Because fewer island rodent eradications have been attempted for mice compared to rats (Rattus spp.), less is known about efficacy and palatability of rodenticide baits for mouse eradications. We performed a series of bait acceptance and efficacy cage trials using a standard formulation of brodifacoum-based rodenticide on wild-caught mice from Sand Island, Midway Atoll, to help inform a proposed eradication there. Mice were offered ad libitum brodifacoum pellets along with various alternative food sources, and a “no choice” treatment group received only bait pellets. Mortality in the no choice trial was 100%; however, when offered alternative foods, mice preferred the alternative diets to the bait, leading to low mortality (40%). Because there was concern that the bittering agent Bitrex® in the formulation may have reduced palatability, we conducted a subsequent trial comparing brodifacoum bait with and without Bitrex. Mortality in the with-Bitrex treatment group was slightly higher, indicating that the bittering agent was not likely responsible for low efficacy. Laboratory trials cannot account for the numerous environmental and behavioral factors that influence bait acceptance nor replicate the true availability of alternative food sources in the environment, so low efficacy results from these trials should be interpreted cautiously and not necessarily as a measure of the likelihood of success or failure of a proposed eradication.
Synwalk: community detection via random walk modelling
Authors: Toth Christian , Helic Denis , Geiger Bernhard C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComplex systems, abstractly represented as networks, are ubiquitous in everyday life. Analyzing and understanding these systems requires, among others, tools for community detection. As no single best community detection algorithm can exist, robustness across a wide variety of problem settings is desirable. In this work, we present Synwalk, a random walk-based community detection method. Synwalk builds upon a solid theoretical basis and detects communities by synthesizing the random walk induced by the given network from a class of candidate random walks. We thoroughly validate the effectiveness of our approach on synthetic and empirical networks, respectively, and compare Synwalk’s performance with the performance of Infomap and Walktrap (also random walk-based), Louvain (based on modularity maximization) and stochastic block model inference. Our results indicate that Synwalk performs robustly on networks with varying mixing parameters and degree distributions. We outperform Infomap on networks with high mixing parameter, and Infomap and Walktrap on networks with many small communities and low average degree. Our work has a potential to inspire further development of community detection via synthesis of random walks and we provide concrete ideas for future research.
Epistemic Emotions and Co-inquiry: A Situated Approach
Authors: Candiotto Laura 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the virtue epistemology literature on epistemic emotions and challenges the individualist, unworldly account of epistemic emotions. It argues that epistemic emotions can be truth-motivating if embedded in co-inquiry epistemic cultures, namely virtuous epistemic cultures that valorise participatory processes of inquiry as truth-conducive. Co-inquiry epistemic cultures are seen as playing a constitutive role in shaping, developing, and regulating epistemic emotions. Using key references to classical Pragmatism, the paper describes the bridge between epistemic emotions and co-inquiry culture in terms of habits of co-inquiry that act as the scaffolding of epistemic emotions.The result is a context-sensitive and practice-oriented approach to epistemic emotions that conceives of those emotions as being shaped by co-inquiry epistemic cultures.
Parathyroidectomy May Cause Remission of Uraemic Tumoral Calcinosis in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Huang Haiting , Lu Jun , Guo Pengwei , Pang Jun , Ma Jing , He Linlin , You Yanwu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFew cases of uraemic tumoral calcinosis (UTC) have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of parathyroidectomy for UTC. Historical clinical data of patients with end-stage renal disease and UTC who underwent parathyroidectomy were analysed. Absorption of metastatic calcification was compared before and after operation. Changes in intact parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were analysed before parathyroidectomy and at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months after parathyroidectomy. Eight patients met the enrolment criteria (men, 6; mean age, 38.6 SD 10.9 years). Uraemic tumoral calcinosis, which developed 2–8 years after dialysis began, was caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. Massive calcium deposition was found in the shoulder (n = 6), hip (n = 3), and elbow (n = 2). Four patients had > 2 joints affected, and a single joint was involved for four patients. Seven patients had rapid remission (< 6 months) of the masses after parathyroidectomy. In one patient, the mass remained unabsorbed until 6 months postoperatively. Hypocalcaemia occurred in all patients where parathyroidectomy was successful, and calcium supplementation was required 1 year postoperatively. Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels on day 7 and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively decreased significantly from baseline and remained low 1 year postoperatively (22.015 SD33.134 pg/mL). Postoperative phosphorus levels were significantly lower than preoperative levels (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in alkaline phosphatase levels (p > 0.05). Parathyroidectomy has promising efficacy for UTC treatment and regulation of serum intact parathyroid hormone and phosphorus. Hypocalcaemia is a common complication after parathyroidectomy. Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2000041311, date of registration: Dec. 23, 2020.