bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die stationäre Behandlung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Drogan Dagmar , Gerloff Christian , Scholz Karl Heinrich , Günster Christian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungAuf Basis von Abrechnungsdaten von AOK-Versicherten liefert die vorliegende Studie weitere Belege für eine veränderte Inanspruchnahme von Notfallbehandlungen während des ersten Jahres der Covid-19-Pandemie. So nahm die Zahl der Krankenhausbehandlungen aufgrund von ST-Hebungsinfarkt (STEMI), Nicht-ST-Hebungsinfarkt (NSTEMI), Hirninfarkt/-blutung oder transitorischer ischämischer Attacke (TIA) während der ersten (März bis Mai 2020) und zweiten (Oktober 2020 bis Februar 2021) Pandemiewelle im Vergleich zu den jeweiligen Vorjahresperioden deutlich ab. In beiden Pandemiewellen fiel der Fallzahlrückgang bei weniger schweren Ereignissen (NSTEMI, TIA) stärker aus als bei den schwereren Ereignissen (STEMI, Hirninfarkt/-blutung). Bei Behandlungsfällen mit Hirninfarkt/-blutung ging der Fallzahlrückgang mit einem relativen Anstieg neurologischer Symptome und der 30-Tage-Sterblichkeit einher. Auch STEMI-Fälle, die während der ersten beiden Pandemiewellen behandelt wurden, wiesen gegenüber Behandlungsfällen des Vorjahres erhöhte Sterblichkeitsraten auf. Diese Ergebnisse könnten eine Verschiebung in der Fallzusammensetzung widerspiegeln, die auf verzögerte oder vermiedene medizinische Behandlungen – insbesondere bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit milderen Symptomen – zurückzuführen ist, beispielsweise aus Angst vor einer Covid-19-Infektion oder als unbeabsichtigte Folgeerscheinung der Vorgaben zur sozialen Isolation. In einer Auswertung der Todesursachenstatistik zeigten sich keine Hinweise auf eine höhere Sterblichkeit an Herzinfarkt oder zerebrovaskulären Erkrankungen, die im Zusammenhang mit der verminderten Inanspruchnahme der Notfallbehandlung stehen könnte.
Perspektiven für die Krankenhausfinanzierung und -struktur in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Malzahn Jürgen , Scheller-Kreinsen David 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag skizziert Perspektiven für eine angemessene Krankenhausfinanzierung und -struktur in Krisenzeiten. Ausgangspunkt sind dabei die Erfahrungen, die im Jahr 2020 im Zuge der Bewältigung der Covid-19-Pandemie gesammelt wurden. Inhaltlicher Anker ist die These, dass die Finanzierung der Krankenhausversorgung in Krisen- und Normalzeiten grundsätzlich anderen Mechanismen folgen muss. Während in Normalzeiten die grundlegenden Ziele des SGB V wie „medizinische Notwendigkeit, Zweckmäßigkeit, Angemessenheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit“ von zentraler Bedeutung für das Gesundheitswesen ist, erlangen in Krisenzeiten Punkte wie „Systemstabilität, Leistungsfähigkeit jenseits des Normalmaßes und kurze Adaptionszeit“ eine herausragende Bedeutung. Auf Basis dieser Kernthese werden im vorliegenden Beitrag acht Empfehlungen formuliert, die zu einer nachhaltigeren Krisenbewältigung beitragen sollen. Wesentliche Aspekte sind: Eine prospektive Gesetzgebung für Krisensituationen, eine klare Definition der Finanzierungsverantwortung zwischen öffentlicher Hand und Krankenkassen, das Primat der Liquiditätssicherung der Akteure im Gesundheitswesen, die Zulässigkeit von Selbstkostendeckung in Krisenzeiten, eine situationsgerecht adaptierte Rechnungsprüfung und Qualitätssicherung, ein Fokus auf schnelle Evidenzgewinnung, Entscheidungsfindung sowie Datengewinnung und -verfügbarkeit für Steuerungsprozesse in Krisenzeiten und nicht zuletzt eine Stärkung der Krisenreaktionsfähigkeit durch stringente regionale und einrichtungsbezogene Pandemieplanungen.
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity evaluation following oral exposure to bisphenol F
Authors: Lee Somin , An Kyu Sup , Kim Hye Jin , Noh Hye Jin , Lee JaeWon , Lee Jiho , Song Kyung Seuk , Chae Chanhee , Ryu Hyeon Yeol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBisphenol F is a substitute material for bisphenol A and is widely used in household products as a raw material for polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, and plastic reinforcement. It is known to be mainly used in food containers, thermal paper for receipts, and coatings for water pipes. In some countries, bisphenol F has been detected in drinking water and human urine samples. However, due to the lack of safety evaluation data on bisphenol F, it is difficult to establish appropriate guidelines for the proper use of the substance, and social anxiety is increasing accordingly. This study investigated the use, exposure route, and distribution flow of bisphenol F, a household chemical. To determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and target organ of bisphenol F after exposure, a single-dose oral toxicity, dose-range finding (28 day oral), repeated dose toxicity (90 day oral), and genotoxicity (reverse mutation, chromosomal abnormality, in vivo micronucleus test) tests were performed. The pharmacokinetic profile was also obtained. The test results are as follows: in the pharmacokinetic study, it was confirmed that single oral exposure to BPF resulted in systemic exposure; in single oral dose toxicity test, the approximate lethal dose was found to be 4000 mg/kg and confusion and convulsion was shown in the test animals; NOAEL was determined to be 2 mg/kg/day for male and 5 mg/kg/day for female, and the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was determined to be 2 mg/kg/day for males and 1 mg/kg/day for females, and the target organ was the small intestine; genotoxicity tests confirmed that BPF does not induce genotoxicity.
Critical Analysis of the Causes of In‐Hospital Mortality following Colorectal Resection: A Queensland Audit of Surgical Mortality (QASM) Registry Study
Authors: Mao Derek , Rey‐Conde Therese , North John B. , Lancashire Raymond P. , Naidu Sanjeev , Chua Terence C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundColorectal resection is a major gastrointestinal operation. Improvements in peri‐operative care has led to improved outcomes; however, mortalities still occur. Using data from the Queensland Audit of Surgical Mortality (QASM), this study examines the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who died in hospital following colorectal resection, and also reports the primary cause of death in this population.MethodsPatients who died in hospital following colorectal resection in Queensland between January 2010 and December 2020 were identified from the QASM database.ResultsThere were 755 patients who died in the 10 year study period. Pre‐operatively, the risk of death as subjectively determined by operating surgeons was ‘considerable’ in 397 cases (53.0%) and ‘expected’ in 90 cases (12.0%). The patients had a mean of 2.7 (±1.5) co‐morbidities, and a mean American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3.6 (±0.8). Operations were categorised as emergency in 579 patients (77.2%), with 637 patients (85.0%) requiring post‐operative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) support. The primary cause of death was related to a surgical cause in 395 patients (52.7%) and to a medical cause in 355 patients (47.3%). The primary causes of death were advanced surgical pathology (n=292, 38.9%), complications from surgery (n=103, 13.7%), complications arising from pre‐existing medical co‐morbidity (n=282, 37.6%) or new medical complications unrelated to pre‐existing conditions (n=73, 9.7%).ConclusionsPatients who died had significant co‐morbidities and often presented emergently with an advanced surgical pathology. Surgical and medical causes of death both contributed equally to the mortality burden.
Assessing free tropospheric quasi-equilibrium for different GCM resolutions using a cloud-resolving model simulation of tropical convection
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhang Guang J. , Suhas E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the free-tropospheric quasi-equilibrium at different global climate model (GCM) resolutions using the simulation of tropical convection by a cloud-resolving model during the Tropical Western Pacific International Cloud Experiment. The simulated dynamic and thermodynamic fields within the model domain are averaged over subdomains of different sizes equivalent to different GCM resolutions. These coarse-grained fields are then used to compute CAPE and its change with time, and their relationships with simulated convection. Results show that CAPE change with time is controlled predominantly by variations of thermodynamic properties in the planetary boundary layer for all subdomain sizes ranging from 64 to 4 km. Lag correlation analysis shows that CAPE generation by the free-tropospheric dynamical advection (dCAPEls) leads convective precipitation but is in phase with convective mass flux at 600 mb and 500 mb vertical velocity for all subdomain sizes. However, the correlation coefficients and regression slopes decrease as the subdomain size decreases for subdomain sizes smaller than 16 km. This is probably due to increased randomness of convection and more scale-dependence of the relationships when the subdomain size reaches the grey zone. By examining the sensitivity of the relationships of convection with dCAPEls to temporal scales in different subdomain size, it shows that the quasi-equilibrium between dCAPEls and convection holds well for timescales of 30 min or longer at all subdomain sizes. These results suggest that the free tropospheric quasi-equilibrium assumption may still be useable even for GCM resolutions in the grey zone.
Brainstem atrophy is linked to extrapyramidal symptoms in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Heikkinen Sami , Cajanus Antti , Katisko Kasper , Hartikainen Päivi , Vanninen Ritva , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Krüger Johanna , Remes Anne M. , Solje Eino 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtrapyramidal (EP) symptoms are a known feature in a subpopulation of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Concomitant EP symptoms with FTD-like neuropsychiatric symptoms are also core features in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). This complicates the early diagnosis of these disorders. Our retrospective register study aimed to discover imaging (MRI and FDG-PET) biomarkers to differentiate PSP, CBD, and bvFTD patients with extrapyramidal symptoms (EP +) from bvFTD patients without EP symptoms (EP-). The records of 2751 patients were screened for the diagnoses and presence of EP symptoms. A total of 222 patients were submitted to imaging analysis and applicable imaging data were recovered from 139 patients. Neuroimaging data were analyzed using Freesurfer software. In the whole cohort, EP + patients showed lower volumes of gray matter compared to EP- patients in the putamen (p = 0.002), bilateral globus pallidum (p = 0.002, p = 0.042), ventral diencephalon (p = 0.002) and brain stem (p < 0.001). In the bvFTD subgroup, there was volumetric difference between EP + and EP− patients in the brain stem. FDG-PET scans in the bvFTD patient subgroup showed that EP + patients had comparative hypometabolism of the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) and the frontal lobes. We discovered that EP symptoms are linked to brainstem atrophy in bvFTD patients and the whole cohort. Also, evident hypometabolism in the SCP of bvFTD EP + patients was detected as compared to bvFTD EP− patients. This could indicate that the EP symptoms in these diseases have a more caudal origin in the brainstem than in Parkinson’s disease.
Anti-angiogenic therapy for advanced primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Bao Hejing , Ma Ling Zhen , Zhao Chengzhu , Yu Mengge , Zhang Baishen , Zhang Juan , Peng Guibao , Lin Xiaotong , Fang Yinhua , Bao Hehong , Ma Shudong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Primary pulmonary lympho-epithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare subtype of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, there is still lack of research data on anti-angiogenic therapy of advanced PPLELC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy compared with traditional chemotherapy for these patients.

Methods
Advanced PPLELC patients admitted to six grade A hospitals from January 2013 to January 2021 were selected. The patients received anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy (AT group) or chemotherapy (CT group) alone.

Results
A total of 65 patients were included in this study, including 31 patients in the AT group treated with anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy and 34 patients in the CT group treated with chemotherapy alone. As of October 1, 2021, the median progression-free survival (PFS) in the AT group was 11.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.9–16.5]. The median PFS in the CT group was 7.0 months [95%CI, 5.1–8.9] [Hazard Ratio (HR), 0.49; 95%CI, 0.29–0.83; P = 0.008]. The 1-year PFS rates were 41.9% and 17.6%, respectively. The overall response rates (ORR) of two groups were 45.2% (95% CI, 0.27–0.64), 38.2% (95% CI, 0.21–0.56), (P = 0.571). The disease control rates (DCR) of two groups were 93.5% (95% CI, 0.84–1.03), 88.2% (95% CI, 0.77–1.00), (P = 0.756).

Conclusion
Among patients with advanced PPLELC, the PFS of patients with anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy is better than that of patients with chemotherapy alone. Anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy is an optional treatment scheme.
A Polynomial Kernel for Funnel Arc Deletion Set
Authors: Garlet Milani Marcelo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Directed Feedback Arc Set (DFAS) we search for a set of at most k arcs which intersect every cycle in the input digraph. It is a well-known open problem in parameterized complexity to decide if DFAS admits a kernel of polynomial size. We consider $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
-Arc Deletion Set ($$\mathcal {C}$$
C
-ADS), a variant of DFAS where we want to remove at most k arcs from the input digraph in order to turn it into a digraph of a class $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
. In this work, we choose $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
to be the class of funnels. Funnel-ADS is NP-hard even if the input is a DAG, but is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to k. So far no polynomial kernels for this problem were known. Our main result is a kernel for Funnel-ADS with $$\mathcal {O}(k^6)$$

O
(

k
6

)

many vertices and $$\mathcal {O}(k^7)$$

O
(

k
7

)

many arcs, computable in $$\mathcal {O}(nm)$$

O
(
n
m
)

time, where n is the number of vertices and m the number of arcs in the input digraph.
Predicting final results of brace treatment of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: first out-of-brace radiograph is better than in-brace radiograph—SOSORT 2020 award winner
Authors: Negrini Stefano , Di Felice Francesca , Negrini Francesco , Rebagliati Giulia , Zaina Fabio , Donzelli Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In-brace radiograph of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been shown to reflect brace efficacy and the possibility of achieving curve correction. Conversely, the first out-of-brace radiograph could demonstrate the patient’s ability to maintain the correction. We aimed to determine which of the two radiographs is the best predictor of the Cobb angle at the end of treatment (final radiograph).

Design
Retrospective cohort study of a prospective dataset.

Methods
The population was selected based on the following inclusion criteria: AIS, age 10–18 years; Risser score 0–2; Cobb angle 25–40°; brace treatment; availability of all radiographs. Statistics: Pearson correlations provide a first exploration of data. The
univariate and multivariate logistic regression model tested the predictors. Finally ROC curve provided a check of model accuracy.

Results
A total of 131 patients were included (mean age 13.0 ± 1.3, Cobb angle 33.2 ± 5.5°; 78% females). At the end of treatment, 56% had stabilised, 9% had progressed, and 44% had improved. The difference between the in-brace and final radiographs was 8.0 ± 6.0°, while the difference between the first out-of-brace and final radiographs was 1.8 ± 5.2°. The best predictor of final outcome was the first out-of-brace radiograph (0.80), compared to in-brace (0.68) and baseline (0.59) radiographs. The best cut-offs to predict avoidance of progression were 30% and 10% of the correction rates for the in-brace and first out-of-brace radiographs, respectively.

Conclusion
The first out-of-brace radiograph predicts end results better than the in-brace radiograph. It offers an excellent clinical reference for clinicians and patients. The first out-of-brace radiograph should be considered an essential element of future predictive models.

Level of Evidence 1
Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
Dutch-Flemish translation and cross-cultural adaption of the Spinal Cord Injury-Quality of Life (SCI-QOL) short forms
Authors: Brouwers E. M. J. R. , Terwee C. B. , Roorda L. D. , Hosman A. F. , van de Meent H. , Bartels R. H. M. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A spinal cord injury (SCI) has a large impact on a person’s physical, psychological, and social health. Previous studies focused on physical recovery in patients with SCI and assessed their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with general questionnaires, which often contain irrelevant questions. The SCI-QOL questionnaire was developed to specifically assess the HRQOL of the SCI population. A comprehensive translation and cross-cultural adaptation are required to use this questionnaire in the Netherlands and Flanders, Belgium.

Methods
All 23 short forms of the SCI-QOL for adults were translated from English into Dutch-Flemish using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy translation methodology, with a cognitive debriefing being performed with 10 patients with SCI and 10 persons from the general population.

Results
The Dutch-Flemish PROMIS group previously translated 46 of the 207 items in the 23 short forms. Here, we achieved an acceptable translation of the other 161 items. A single Dutch-Flemish translation was obtained for 20 short forms, while separate Dutch and Flemish translations were necessary for the short forms Ambulation, Manual Wheelchair, and Stigma.

Conclusion
The Dutch-Flemish translation of the SCI-QOL is now available for clinical and research purposes. Future studies should focus on the psychometric properties of this cross-culturally adapted version.
Screening of commonly prescribed drugs for effects on the CAT1-mediated transport of l-arginine and arginine derivatives
Authors: Banjarnahor Sofna , König Jörg , Maas Renke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1/SLC7A1) plays a key role in the cellular uptake or export of l-arginine and some of its derivatives. This study investigated the effect of 113 chemically diverse and commonly used drugs (at 20 and 200 µM) on the CAT1-mediated cellular uptake of l-arginine, l-homoarginine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Twenty-three (20%) of the tested substances showed weak inhibitory or stimulatory effects, but only verapamil showed consistent inhibitory effects on CAT1-mediated transport of all tested substrates.
Equilibrium design in an n-player quadratic game
Authors: Dokka Trivikram , Moulin Hervé , Ray Indrajit , SenGupta Sonali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs in public good provisions, in a public bad situation such as abatement, the non-cooperative interplay of the participants typically results in low levels of quantities (provision or abatement). In a simple class of n-person quadratic games, we show how Coarse correlated equilibria, using simple mediation devices, can significantly outperform Nash equilibrium outcomes in terms of a stated policy objective.
Effects of augmented reality application integration with computational thinking in geometry topics
Authors: Abdul Hanid Mohd Fadzil , Mohamad Said Mohd Nihra Haruzuan , Yahaya Noraffandy , Abdullah Zaleha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, researchers conducted a study that integrates Augmented Reality application with Computational Thinking into Geometry Topics. Three variables were measured, Computational Thinking, Visualisation Skills and Geometry Topic achievement. The study was implemented with 124 students in two different schools using quasi-experimental study design. The t-test analysis was performed to see the differences before and after the intervention between the control and treatment groups. Next, a MANCOVA was conducted to see the effectiveness of the intervention in more depth on Computational Thinking, Visualisation Skills and Geometry Topic achievement after controlling for existing knowledge factors. The results show that there is a positive effect of teaching methods using Augmented Reality applications with Computational Thinking for students in the improvement of Computational Thinking, Visualisation Skills and Geometry Topic achievement. Moreover, the results of the MANCOVA show that overall, teaching methods using Augmented Reality applications with Computational Thinking are factors in the improvement of Computational Thinking scores, Visualisation Skills and Geometry Topic achievement, which means the students’ existing knowledge did not affect the results of the three dependent variables. In conclusion, this study proposed that the Computational Thinking approach with Augmented Reality application can improve Computational Thinking, Visualisation Skills and Geometry Topic achievement among students.
The short-term effects of wearing swimming goggles on corneal biomechanics
Authors: Jiménez Raimundo , Molina Rubén , Vera Jesús , Redondo Beatriz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the impact of wearing swimming goggles (SG) on corneal biomechanics.

Methods
Corneal deformation response, central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP) and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) were measured with the Corvis system (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) in thirty-one healthy young adults while wearing a drilled SG. All measurements were obtained before, at 30 s, 2 min, 3.5 min and 5 min of wearing SG, just after SG removal and after 2 min of SG removal.

Results
The corneal biomechanics is sensitive to SG wear, observing lower corneal deformability during SG use. Specifically, wearing SG caused an increase in the time and length of the first applanation and radius curvature at the highest concavity, as well as a decrease and in the velocity of the first applanation and time and deformation amplitude of the second applanation (p < 0.001 in all cases). After SG removal, corneal biomechanical parameters showed a rebound-effect, obtaining a higher corneal deformability in comparison with baseline reading (p-corrected < 0.05 in all cases). Additionally, IOP and bIOP significantly increased while wearing SG (p < 0.001 in both cases), whereas CCT remained stable (p = 0.850).

Conclusions
Wearing SG modifies the biomechanical properties of the cornea, with reduced corneal deformability during SG wear. The outcomes of this study should be taken into consideration when making clinical decisions in subjects at high risk of developing corneal ectasias or glaucoma, as well as in the post-surgical management of these ocular conditions.