bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dethiobacteria class. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

De.thi'o.bac.ter.i.a. N.L. masc. n.
Dethiobacter
, type genus of the type order of the class
Dethiobacterales
; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff.
‐ia
, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Dethiobacteria
, class of the order
Dethiobacterales
.

Firmicutes D / Dethiobacteria class. nov.

The class
Dethiobacteria
forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage in the phylum “
Firmicutes D
” (according to the GDTB classification) and includes obligately anaerobic haloalkaliphilic bacteria with respiratory metabolism from soda lakes. It consists of a single order
Dethiobacterales
, family
Dethiobacteraceae
, and genus
Dethiobacter
.
Piscibacillus
Authors: Tanasupawat Somboon , Namwong Sirilak 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Pis.ci. ba.cil'lus. L. gen. masc. n.
piscis
, fish; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, small rod; N. L. masc. n.
Piscibacillus
, a rod from fish.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Piscibacillus

Piscibacillus
is a genus in the family
Bacillaceae
. It currently comprises two species –
Piscibacillus salipiscarius
and
Piscibacillus halophilus
. Members of the genus are distributed in fermented fish and a hypersaline lake. This genus encompasses moderately halophilic bacteria that grows in 1–30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10–20% (w/v) NaCl), but no growth occurs in the absence of NaCl. Growth is observed at 15–55°C (optimum 35–37°C) and at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). Cells are rod shaped, Gram‐stain‐positive, and motile by peritrichous flagella. Oval terminal endospores are formed in swollen sporangia. Colonies are circular, entire, smooth, and cream in color. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite. The diagnostic diamino acid in peptidoglycan is
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone is MK‐7. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
15::0
. Phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol are predominant polar lipids. The type species of the genus is
Piscibacillus salipiscarius
, originally isolated from fermented fish (
pla‐ra
).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.7–37.5 (HPLC) and 36.7–37.1 (
in silico
genomic).

Type species
:
Piscibacillus salipiscarius
Tanasupawat et al. 2007
VP
.
Natronospira
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Na.tro.no.spi'ra. N.L. neut. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
), soda; L. fem. n.
spira
, coil; N.L. fem. n.
Natronospira
, a soda‐loving coil‐shaped bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Natronospirales / Natronospiracea / Natronospira

The genus
Natronospira
was originally classified as a member of the family
Ectothiorhodospiraceae
, order
Chromatiales
, and class
Gammaproteobacteria
, according to the 16S rRNA‐based gene sequence comparison, while according to the phylogenomic analysis it forms a separate order‐level branch within the
Gammaproteobacteria
unrelated to the
Chromatiales
members. It is an aerobic heterotroph that preferably utilizes proteins and peptides for growth.
Natronospira
is an extremely salt‐tolerant, chloride‐independent obligate alkaliphile. It inhabits oxic brines of hypersaline soda lakes, particularly in southwestern Siberia. The genus currently includes a single (type) species:
N. proteinivora
.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 59.8 (genome).

Type species
:
Natronospira proteinivora
Sorokin et al. 2017
VP
.
Halomicrococcus
Authors: Chen Shaoxing , Ke Juntao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Ha.lo.mi.cro.coc'cus. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos,
salt; Gr. masc. adj.
mikros,
small; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
, (from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos,
grain, seed) coccus; N.L. masc. n.
Halomicrococcus,
halophilic small coccus.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halomicrococcus

The genus
Halomicrococcus
accommodates halophilic, neutrophilic, and chemoheterotrophic archaea that can use acetate as their sole carbon and energy source. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, and nonmotile.
Halomicrococcus
species are capable of feeding on
d
‐glucose, starch,
d
‐mannose,
l
‐sorbose, maltose, and lactose. They are also capable of thriving on glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and some amino acids including
l
‐arginine,
l
‐glutamate,
l
‐ornithine, and some other multicarbon compounds, but citrate is not utilized. They are able to reduce nitrate to nitrite under anaerobic conditions. Mg
2+
is essential for growth. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, and sulfated mannosyl‐glucosyl‐glycerol diether‐1. The sole isolate characterized was obtained from a salt mine.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
62.9 (
Genome
).

Type species
:
Halomicrococcus hydrotolerans
Chen et al. 2020
VP
.
Proletarii
Authors: Kendall Seth L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Proletarii
were Romans who were too poor to be liable for taxation or conscription into the army for infantry service. Their name comes from the fact that the only thing they contributed to the state were proles, or offspring. Despite not being eligible to serve in the infantry, the
proletarii
apparently did some military service, even before the reforms of Marius.
Smyrna
Authors: Hernández Juan Pablo Sánchez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmyrna (modern Izmir) is a Greek city located on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. It was allegedly founded by Aiolians in the eleventh centurybce, but Ionians occupied the city in the seventh centurybceand the Lydians destroyed it in the sixth centurybce. Legend says that the city was refounded by Alexander the Great and, during the Roman period, Smyrna became a great metropolis, frequently visited by Roman governors and emperors, as well as by sophists and scientists of international prestige. In the midst of this multicultural atmosphere, Christianity gained ground as early as the first centuryce.
Hispalis (Seville)
Authors: Hernández Juan Pablo Sánchez 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Hispalis was a Roman colony founded on an indigenous settlement by Julius Caesar in 45
bce
, after his military campaigns in Spain. The importance of Hispalis in Roman times – attested by both literary sources and inscriptions – was based on its favorable location on the River Betis, at a point where it opened to an estuary (today a marsh). With new settlers established under emperors Augustus and Otho, the city developed into a regional commercial hub, thus fulfilling an important role in transporting agrarian and mineral products from Spain to Rome.
Pottery, Roman Empire
Authors: Poblome Jeroen , Malfitana Daniele , Lund John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is hard to conceive of a household in the Roman Empire that could make do without pottery – for the storing of foodstuffs, the cooking and serving of meals, the drinking of beverages, and so on. Artifacts of glass, metal, and, occasionally, other materials were used for similar purposes, and some of them were more prestigious than their ceramic counterparts, but the consumer's choice was guided by more than one factor, and these included the price.
An Epoxy‐Free Sample Preparation Approach to Enable Imaging of Ionomer and Carbon in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Soleymani Amir Peyman , Reid Marcia , Jankovic Jasna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerformance and durability of electrodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as one of the most promising zero‐emission power generation technologies, depend on the composition, microstructure, and distribution of its components—metal catalyst, carbon support, and ionomer. Their improvement requires an in‐depth understanding of the electrodes’ structure‐property‐performance relationship, for which transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an invaluable tool. However, the conventional TEM sample preparation, namely epoxy‐embedding ultramicrotomy, poses impediments in imaging ionomer and distinguishing it from carbon. Therefore, in this research, an epoxy‐free ultramicrotome technique is implemented on beginning‐of‐life (BOL) and end‐of‐life (EOL) PEMFC samples. For the first time, TEM and electron tomography‐TEM images reveals fascinating details of the ionomer network, carbon particles’ structure, and Pt distribution in BOL, as well as their structural changes after the cell degradation. Finally, the structural descriptors, extracted by a proprietary quantification method, are correlated with visual observations.
Systematic Modification of MoO3‐Based Cathode by the Intercalation Engineering for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Zhitang , Liu Cong , Li Xiaoge , Peng Luming , Ding Weiping , Guo Xuefeng , Hou Wenhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries are attracting extensive attention, but their large‐scale application is prevented by the poor electrochemical kinetics and terrible lifespan. Herein, a strategy of introducing the conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) into the interlayers of α‐MoO3is reported to systematically overcome the above shortcomings. Through data analyses of the cyclic coltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, the electrochemical kinetics of the PEDOT‐intercalated MoO3(PEDOT‐MoO3) is proved to be significantly improved. The first‐principles calculations microscopically disclose that the changed energy band and the lowered binding energy between Zn2+and host O2−boost electrochemical kinetics of PEDOT‐MoO3. Meanwhile, its decreased hydrophilicity and the suppressed dissolution of molybdenum stabilizes the repeated cycling processes. Interestingly, it is found that excellent electrochemical kinetics of cathode electrode can restrain the growth of zinc dendrite on the Zn anode, prolonging the lifespan of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. As a result, the PEDOT‐MoO3exhibits the enhanced specific capacity (341.5 vs 146.7 mAh g−1at 0.1 A g−1), high rate capacity (178.2 vs 19.4 mAh g−1at 30 A g−1) and prolonged cycling stability (77.6% capacity retention over 500 cycles vs 2.3% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 30 A g−1) compared with pristine MoO3. Moreover, the PEDOT‐MoO3as cathode of quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs also delivers an impressive electrochemical performance.
Microfluidic Construction of Responsive Photonic Microcapsules of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal for Colorimetric Temperature Microsensors
Authors: Pan Yangsong , Xie Shuting , Wang Haoyu , Huang Linwei , Shen Shitao , Deng Yueming , Ma Qilin , Liu Zhenping , Zhang Minmin , Jin Mingliang , Shui Lingling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs alternatives to electronic devices, optically active structures from responsive nanomaterials offer great opportunity for building up smart functional sensors. This work reports on the construction and application of photonic microcapsules (PMCs) for colorimetric temperature microsensors, enabling miniaturization for injectable local micro‐area sensing and integration for large‐area sensing. Monodispersed PMCs are produced by in situ photopolymerization of hydrogel shells of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC)‐in‐water‐in‐oil double emulsion droplets prepared using microfluidic devices, with controllable physical structures and chemical compositions. Constructed PMCs exhibit thermal responsive structural color according to the selective Bragg reflection of CLC's periodical helical structures within the microdroplet's spherical confinement. CLC mixtures with phase transition temperature of 56.0 and 37.8 °C have been prepared and employed to construct PMCs exhibiting obviously visible and quantifiable optical response in 52–56 and 33–38 °C, respectively. The PMCs have been successfully applied for monitoring the living cell extracellular temperature via co‐incubation with cell suspension, and for sensing human forehead temperature via a flexible device from assembled PMCs. These PMCs can be flexibly applied in either micro‐environment or large‐area surface, enabling wide applications for a precision temperature monitoring of biological activities (e.g., cells or organs), optoelectronic devices working conditions (e.g., temperature indicators under extreme conditions), etc.
Single‐Shot Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Full‐Length H2 Relaxin Disulfide Surrogates
Authors: Zhao Rui , Shi Pan , Cui Ji‐bin , Shi Chaowei , Wei Xiao‐Xiong , Luo Jie , Xia Zhemin , Shi Wei‐Wei , Zhou Yingxin , Tang Jiahui , Tian Changlin , Meininghaus Mark , Bierer Donald , Shi Jing , Li Yi‐Ming , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemical synthesis of insulin superfamily proteins (ISPs) has recently been widely studied to develop next‐generation drugs. Separate synthesis of multiple peptide fragments and tedious chain‐to‐chain folding are usually encountered in these studies, limiting accessibility to ISP derivatives. Here we report the finding that insulin superfamily proteins (e.g. H2 relaxin, insulin itself, and H3 relaxin) incorporating a pre‐made diaminodiacid bridge at A‐B chain terminal disulfide can be easily and rapidly synthesized by a single‐shot automated solid‐phase synthesis and expedient one‐step folding. Our new H2 relaxin analogues exhibit almost identical structures and activities when compared to their natural counterparts. This new synthetic strategy will expediate production of new ISP analogues for pharmaceutical studies.
A dual‐stimuli responsive supramolecular nanovector anchoring folic acid ligands for targeted delivery of anti‐colorectal drug hydroxycamptothecin
Authors: Li Bi‐Lian , Teng Jin‐Kui , Chen Shuai , Yang Jian‐Mei , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a first‐line anti‐colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Nevertheless, the poor tumor‐specific delivery properties of HCPT make it indiscriminate in killing normal and cancer cells, as well as impossible to achieve sustained treatment due to its low cumulative concentration in cancer cells. Here, a pH and temperature co‐responsive supramolecular nanocarrier anchoring with folic acid (FA) ligands, termed PEHA‐β‐CD‐FA/SDS NPs, was prepared based on electrostatic interaction between cationic mono‐(6‐pentaethylenehexamine)‐β‐CD (PEHA‐β‐CD‐FA) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). PEHA‐β‐CD‐FA/SDS NPs exhibited assembly/disassembly behavior accompanied by co‐regulation of temperature and pH and are therefore employed as nanocarriers to load, deliver, and release HCPT. Notably, the release rate of HCPT achieved 93.6% at pH = 8.5 andT = 45°C which simulates the microenvironment of colon cancer cells. Cell biology experiments demonstrated that the more precise targeting ability of HCPT‐loaded NPs resulted in higher cytotoxicity to tumor cells but also less toxicity to normal cells BEAS‐2B. Flow cytometry apoptosis analysis also demonstrated that HCPT‐loaded NPs had a significant growth‐inhibitory effect on SW480 colon cancer cells. We expected that the supramolecular nanoparticles combining active and passive targeting capabilities could be further developed as potential drug carrier formulations for enhancing the clinical efficacy of anti‐colon cancer drugs.
Topological Photonic States in Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Kang Juan , Wei Ruishan , Zhang Qinglong , Dong Guoping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTopological photonics, accompanied by the ability to manipulate light, has emerged as a rapidly growing field of research. More platforms for displaying novel topological photonic states are being explored, thus offering efficient strategies for the realization of robust photonic devices. Optical waveguide arrays, described as a (n+1)‐dimensional system, are ideal platforms for studying topological photonics because of the characteristic that can exhibit light dynamics. Here, this work reviews the experimental implementations of the various topological phases in the optical waveguide arrays, and specifically discusses novel physical phenomena arising from the combination of topology with non‐Hermitianity and nonlinearity. It is believed that topological waveguide arrays provide powerful support for enriching topological physics and promoting the development of topological photonic integrated devices.
Don't go breaking apart: Anthropogenic disturbances predict meadow fragmentation of an endangered seagrass
Authors: Swadling Daniel S. , West Greg J. , Gibson Peter T. , Laird Roger J. , Glasby Tim M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Although it is well established that human activities are linked to the loss of seagrasses worldwide, the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on the habitat fragmentation of seagrass meadows is less understood. This information is essential to identify how humans are modifying seascapes and what disturbances pose the greatest risk to seagrasses, which is pertinent given the rapid urbanization occurring in coastal areas.
This study examined how the habitat fragmentation of an endangered seagrass Posidonia australis varied in relation to several anthropogenic disturbances (i.e. human population, marine infrastructure, terrestrial run‐off and catchment land‐usage) within 10 estuaries across 620 km of coastline in New South Wales, Australia.
When comparing between estuaries, the fragmentation of P. australis meadows was significantly greater in estuaries adjacent to highly populated metropolitan centres – generally in the Greater Sydney region. At sites within estuaries, the density of boat moorings was the most important predictor of habitat fragmentation, but there was also evidence of higher fragmentation with increased numbers of jetties and oyster aquaculture leases.
These results suggest that the fragmentation of seagrass meadows will become more pervasive as the human population continues to grow and estuarine development increases. Strategies to mitigate anthropogenic disturbances on seagrass meadow fragmentation could include prohibiting the construction of boat moorings and other artificial structures in areas where seagrasses are present or promoting environmentally friendly designs for marine infrastructure. This knowledge will support ongoing management actions attempting to balance coastal development and the conservation of seagrasses.
Finite time time‐varying formation tracking for second‐order multiagent systems with prescribed transient performance
Authors: An Binghe , Wang Bo , Fan Huijin , Liu Lei , Wang Yongji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the finite time output formation tracking for a class of second‐order multiagent systems subject to prescribed transient performance. The considered leader–follower time‐varying formation tracking is realized under a directed communication topology. First, a performance function is introduced into a time‐varying barrier Lyapunov function (TV‐BLF) for the purpose of shaping the transient behavior. Then, based on the TV‐BLF and adding a power integrator technology, a distributed formation control law is constructed such that all followers can form a predefined formation pattern while tracking the leader in finite time with satisfied transient performance. Moreover, a robust term is designed in the proposed controller to improve the disturbance rejection capability of the formation system. Finally, a simulation example is carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the presented formation control protocol.
Zika virus as a cause of birth defects: Were the teratogenic effects of Zika virus missed for decades?
Authors: Gilbert Rachel K. , Petersen Lyle R. , Honein Margaret A. , Moore Cynthia A. , Rasmussen Sonja A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) was identified as a teratogen in 2016 when an increase in severe microcephaly and other brain defects was observed in fetuses and newborns following outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013–2014) and Brazil (2015–2016) and among travelers to other countries experiencing outbreaks. Some have questioned why ZIKV was not recognized as a teratogen before these outbreaks: whether novel genetic changes in ZIKV had increased its teratogenicity or whether its association with birth defects had previously been undetected. Here we examine the evidence for these two possibilities. We describe evidence for specific mutations that arose before the French Polynesia outbreak that might have increased ZIKV teratogenicity. We also present information on children born with findings consistent with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) as early as 2009 and epidemiological evidence that suggests increases in CZS‐type birth defects before 2013. We also explore reasons why a link between ZIKV and birth defects might have been missed, including issues with surveillance of ZIKV infections and of birth defects, challenges to ZIKV diagnostic testing, and the susceptibility of different populations to ZIKV infection at the time of pregnancy. Although it is not possible to prove definitively that ZIKV had teratogenic properties before 2013, several pieces of evidence support the hypothesis that its teratogenicity had been missed in the past. These findings emphasize the need for further investments in global surveillance for emerging infections and for birth defects so that infectious teratogens can be identified more expeditiously in the future.
Baseline heart rate in infants with prenatal alcohol exposure: A systematic review and independent analysis
Authors: McDonnell Peyton , Fornell Pia , Ponce Sarah , Dyer Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfants with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit a range of developmental anomalies, many related to the heart (e.g., decreased heart rate variability). However, the baseline heart rate in this population remains unclear. We hypothesized that the age at which heart rate was measured or the age during exposure to alcohol affects the baseline heart rate.MethodsFirst, we conducted a systemic review to determine the published heart rate of infants with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Exclusion criteria included potentially confounding factors, including the commonly associated phenotypes of small for gestational age and premature birth. Risk of bias was evaluated based on case study limitations, and data were compared with established heart rate norms. Then, we evaluated the precise age at heart rate measurement using existing datasets from the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Maternal Lifestyle Study.ResultsBased on the weighted means of six studies, the baseline heart rate was 4.6 bpm higher in infants with PAE (n = 253) than in control infants (n = 152). Using the individual patient data, baseline heart rates were similar between age‐matched infants with PAE and control infants who were born full‐term and showed no signs of growth restriction (ANOVA, p > .05; n = 49–124 infants per age and exposure).ConclusionsA systematic literature review suggested that heart rate is elevated in infants with PAE, but these findings are limited by the number of studies and how few studies included control infants. The analysis of individual patient data indicates that infants with PAE have normal baseline heart rates. This knowledge may help clinicians detect changes in cardiac function in infants with PAE. (Registered via PROSPERO, #CRD42020191212.)