bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nigerian physiotherapists’ knowledge, current practice and perceptions of their role for promoting physical activity: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bello Bashir , Hartley Sandra Elaine , Yeowell Gillian 
Published: May 2022

Background
Nigeria has the highest rates of physical inactivity in Africa. As physical inactivity is a leading global risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD), physical activity promotion is a strategy for their mitigation. Physiotherapists are already ideally situated to undertake this role and can assist in the reversal of NCD. Gaining insight into how physiotherapists in Nigeria perceive their role in relation to physical activity promotion is needed to ensure this undertaking will be effective. This national survey aimed to investigate Nigerian physiotherapists’ knowledge and current practice for promoting physical activity across Nigeria and perceptions of their role related to this.

Methods
Following ethical approval, a cross-sectional, online questionnaire survey design was employed to investigate the aim. 330 qualified physiotherapists, working across Nigeria were recruited. Internal consistency of the survey was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse closed questions. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse open-ended questions. Chi-square inferential statistic was used to investigate the association between variables with alpha interpreted at a level of 0.05.

Results
The internal consistency of the questionnaire survey was good overall (Cronbach Alpha α = 0.71). 330 physiotherapists participated. 99.4% agreed that discussing the benefits of a physically active lifestyle with patients is part of their role. However, over 60% did not feel confident in suggesting specific physical activity programs for their patients. 59.7% were aware of one or more physical activity guideline. However, only 49.1% were incorporating it into their practice. 85.5% felt that developing a physical activity guideline specifically for Nigeria would promote physical activity. 63.3% of respondents did not use any resource in promoting physical activity. An association was found between the physiotherapist’s awareness of physical activity guidelines and male sex (χ2 = 8.95, df = 2, p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Whilst most physiotherapists had a positive perception of their role in promoting physical activity, translating this into practice would seem to be challenging. A systems approach to physical activity health promotion is recommended with the need for a commitment by the Nigerian Government to the development and implementation of national guidelines. Incorporating more training in physiotherapy education could foster more confidence in the delivery of these guidelines. Greater use of resources and working with community organisations could help to optimise physical activity uptake in Nigeria.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Alpha and Delta show increased viral load in saliva
Authors: King Kylie L. , Wilson Stevin , Napolitano Justin M. , Sell Keegan J. , Rennert Lior , Parkinson Christopher L. , Dean Delphine 
Published: May 2022

Background
Higher viral loads in SARS-CoV-2 infections may be linked to more rapid spread of emerging variants of concern (VOC). Rapid detection and isolation of cases with highest viral loads, even in pre- or asymptomatic individuals, is essential for the mitigation of community outbreaks.

Methods and findings
In this study, we analyze Ct values from 1297 SARS-CoV-2 positive patient saliva samples collected at the Clemson University testing lab in upstate South Carolina. Samples were identified as positive using RT-qPCR, and clade information was determined via whole genome sequencing at nearby commercial labs. We also obtained patient-reported information on symptoms and exposures at the time of testing. The lowest Ct values were observed among those infected with Delta (median: 22.61, IQR: 16.72–28.51), followed by Alpha (23.93, 18.36–28.49), Gamma (24.74, 18.84–30.64), and the more historic clade 20G (25.21, 20.50–29.916). There was a statistically significant difference in Ct value between Delta and all other clades (all p.adj<0.01), as well as between Alpha and 20G (p.adj<0.05). Additionally, pre- or asymptomatic patients (n = 1093) showed the same statistical differences between Delta and all other clades (all p.adj<0.01); however, symptomatic patients (n = 167) did not show any significant differences between clades. Our weekly testing strategy ensures that cases are caught earlier in the infection cycle, often before symptoms are present, reducing this sample size in our population.

Conclusions
COVID-19 variants Alpha and Delta have substantially higher viral loads in saliva compared to more historic clades. This trend is especially observed in individuals who are pre- or asymptomatic, which provides evidence supporting higher transmissibility and more rapid spread of emerging variants. Understanding the viral load of variants spreading within a community can inform public policy and clinical decision making.
Effective interventions to ensure MCH (Maternal and Child Health) services during pandemic related health emergencies (Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19): A systematic review
Authors: Palo Subrata Kumar , Dubey Shubhankar , Negi Sapna , Sahay Mili Roopchand , Patel Kripalini , Swain Swagatika , Mishra Bijaya Kumar , Bhuyan Dinesh , Kanungo Srikanta , Som Meena , Merta Brajesh Raj , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Ensuring accessible and quality health care for women and children is an existing challenge, which is further exacerbated during pandemics. There is a knowledge gap about the effect of pandemics on maternal, newborn, and child well-being. This systematic review was conducted to study maternal and child health (MCH) services utilization during pandemics (Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19) and the effectiveness of various interventions undertaken for ensuring utilization of MCH services.

Methodology
A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Of 5643 citations, 60 potential studies were finally included for analysis. The included studies were appraised using JBI Critical appraisal tools. Study selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. Findings are presented narratively based on the RMNCHA framework by World Health Organization (WHO).

Results
Maternal and child health services such as antenatal care (ANC) visits, institutional deliveries, immunization uptake, were greatly affected during a pandemic situation. Innovative approaches in form of health care services through virtual consultation, patient triaging, developing dedicated COVID maternity centers and maternity schools were implemented in different places for ensuring continuity of MCH care during pandemics. None of the studies reported the effectiveness of these interventions during pandemic-related health emergencies.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that during pandemics, MCH care utilization often gets affected. Many innovative interventions were adopted to ensure MCH services. However, they lack evidence about their effectiveness. It is critically important to implement evidence-based appropriate interventions for better MCH care utilization.
Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music, Eva Tsai, Tung-Hung Ho and Miaoju Jian (eds) (2020)
Authors: Hagedorn Greta 
Published: May 2022

Review of: Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music, Eva Tsai, Tung-Hung Ho and Miaoju Jian (eds) (2020)
New York: Routledge, 289 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-81536-015-5, h/bk, $160.00
Voices from the Underworld: Chinese Hell Deity Worship in Contemporary Singapore and Malaysia, Fabian Graham (2020)
Authors: Sommers Scott 
Published: May 2022

Review of: Voices from the Underworld: Chinese Hell Deity Worship in Contemporary Singapore and Malaysia, Fabian Graham (2020)
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 280 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-52614-057-9, h/bk, £80.00
ETA catódica: Terrorismo en la ficción televisiva, María Marcos Ramos (2021)
Authors: Rodríguez María Pilar 
Published: May 2022

Review of: ETA catódica: Terrorismo en la ficción televisiva, María Marcos Ramos (2021)
Barcelona: Laertes, 529 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-41829-253-8, p/bk, €24.50
Paradygmat afektywno-kognitywny w badaniach procesu uczenia się i nauczania języków obcych w kontekście komunikacji specjalistycznej
Authors: Jaworska Mariola 
Published: May 2022

Academic discourse has in recent years emphasised the importance of an integrative approach to foreign language learning and teaching in which affective factors are treated equally to cognitive ones. These components are characterised by dynamic interaction where emotions are not viewed as an addition but as an important component of the language learning process that act as a catalyst. The aim of this article is to review theoretical approaches based on the assumption that affective and cognitive processes cannot be perceived as two separate areas of the human psyche, as both jointly shape human actions, including those in language. This view is the starting point of an analysis of the potential use of the affective-cognitive paradigm in preparing for specialist communication.
It is assumed that it can become a theoretical framework for empirical research that will allow for a better understanding of the specificity and functioning of individual differences in language communication and allow for a more complete picture of specific factors, taking into account their multidimensional nature, dynamics and embeddedness in the context of specialist communication.
O zjawisku lęku językowego z perspektywy uczących się drugiego/kolejnego języka obcego online
Authors: Półtorak Ewa 
Published: May 2022

The aim of the paper is to reflect on the problem of language anxiety in the foreign language teaching-learning process. The concept of language anxiety in the online language teaching-learning context is discussed, with particular relation to synchronous communication tools. The context is the learners’ perspective of adult beginners at the university level learning French as a second/subsequent language. The research group included 85 students of the first and second years of French at the University of Silesia in Katowice. To collect the data participants were asked to complete the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), developed by Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1986), and to respond to six additional questions, related to the online language teaching-learning context. Results showed that language anxiety is a phenomenon that may accompany the regular online teaching-learning process of a second/subsequent foreign language.
Działania nauczycieli języków obcych a założenia dydaktyki wielojęzyczności
Authors: Kucharczyk Radosław 
Published: May 2022

The article presents the result of our own research conducted among foreign language teachers. The aim of the study was to diagnose the extent to which the surveyed teachers implement the assumptions of multilingualism didactics, the focus of which is the ability to make positive inter-language transfer. Making such a transfer requires the student to develop - with the support of the teacher - a range of strategies based on the resources of their own linguistic repertoire, which is not possible without the ability to manage their own learning process and the emotions that accompany it, and to adopt a reflective attitude based on their previously acquired foreign language learning experience.
An automated, rapid fluorescent immunoassay to quantify serum soluble programmed death-1 (PD-1) protein using testing-on-a-probe biosensors
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Lin , Xu Qin , Tao Yue , Pan Jie , Guo Jianmin , Su Jing , Xie Hui , Chen Yuxin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration–approved sPD-1 immunoassay available for routine clinical testing. Most sPD-1 detections employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for research purpose, which is complicated by intensive manual operation and cannot achieve automatic detection. Therefore, we aimed to develop an automated, rapid immunoassay for sPD-1 measurement based on testing-on-a-probe (TOP) biosensors and evaluate its performance in patients with hepatic diseases.

Methods
We developed an automatic fluorescent immunoassay using TOP biosensors using a pair of mouse anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which were evaluated by biolayer interferometry. The sensitivity, linearity, and repeatability of the novel immunoassay were analyzed, and its compatibility with an established ELISA kit was evaluated. Further, we quantified sPD-1 level in healthy individuals as well as patients with CHB, hepatic cirrhosis, and HCC.

Results
The TOP assay to quantify sPD-1 was developed and performed on an automatic fluorescent analyzer within 20 min, which showed good precision with coefficients of variation less than 10% and good linearity ranging from 2 to 3,000 pg/mL. The results tested by our TOP assay correlated well with the established ELISA assay (r=0.92, p<0.0001). Using our TOP assay, sPD-1 was significantly elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma if compared to healthy control, respectively (p<0.0001).

Conclusions
An automated, rapid fluorescent immunoassay to quantify serological sPD-1 protein using TOP biosensors was developed and showed acceptable analytical performance including precision, linearity, and good correlation with the established ELISA assay, with the great potential in clinical practice.
The VES-Matic 5 system: performance of a novel instrument for measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Authors: Piva Elisa , Stoppa Alice , Pelloso Michela , Plebani Mario 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The VES-Matic 5 is an automated analyzer that assesses erythrocyte sedimentation rate based on a modified Westergren sedimentation technique. Instrument performance was established by addressing the recommendations of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology.

Methods
Comparison against the reference Westergren method was performed for all samples, and further for the low, middle, and upper third of the analytical range. Intra-run precision, inter‐run precision, and interference studies were further assessed. This study included the evaluation of reference ranges.

Results
The comparison of methods by Passing–Bablok analysis has shown a good agreement without systematic or proportional differences. The regression equation was y=−0.646 + 0.979x. The mean bias of −0.542 was obtained by Bland–Altman analysis and the upper limit of 8.03 with the lower limit of −9.11 can be considered clinically acceptable. Intra-run and inter-run precision were good for each parameter and interference studies did not show any significant bias with exception of anemia samples, which showed a proportional difference when comparing high erythrocyte sedimentation rate values. Using the local adult reference population, we verified the reference ranges in comparison to those available in the literature, and according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3C document. We determined the upper limit partitioned by gender and the following age groups: from 18 to 50, from 50 to 70, and over 70.

Conclusions
The VES-Matic 5 analyzer presented good comparability with the reference method. As there are commercial quality control and suitable external quality assessment (EQA) material and programs, the VES-Matic 5 can be employed appropriately for routine purposes.
A comparison of joint dichotomization and single dichotomization of interacting variables to discriminate a disease outcome
Authors: Nelson Sybil Prince , Ramakrishnan Viswanathan , Nietert Paul , Kamen Diane , Ramos Paula , Wolf Bethany 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dichotomization is often used on clinical and diagnostic settings to simplify interpretation. For example, a person with systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 140 over 90 may be prescribed medication. Blood pressure as well as other factors such as age and cholesterol and their interactions may lead to increased risk of certain diseases. When using a dichotomized variable to determine a diagnosis, if the interactions with other variables are not considered, then an incorrect threshold for the continuous variable may be selected. In this paper, we compare single dichotomization with joint dichotomization; the process of simultaneously optimizing cutpoints for multiple variables. A simulation study shows that simultaneous dichotomization of continuous variables is more accurate in recovering both ‘true’ thresholds given they exist.
The total speech act: Infelicities and cultural variations. The contribution of women anthropologists
Authors: de Salvador Agra Saleta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The first receptions of the Speech Act Theory (SAT) featuring women emerged on anthropological grounds. Ruth Finnegan paves the way with the first ethnographic research based on Austinian categories, opening the reflection to problems derived from the empirical observation of ordinary language. Since then, the need to take into account the linguistic experience from its cultural varieties has given rise to theoretical variations. In this text, I propose to review three pioneering studies (Finnegan, Rosaldo and Ochs) that, from cultural anthropology, have questioned the theoretical contributions of the three highest philosophical representatives of SAT (Austin, Searle and Grice). My objective will be twofold. On the one hand, to present these works under the common lens of a critique capable of bringing to light the infelicities that arose thanks to intercultural translation, and, on the other, to interpret them as a good expansion of the range of infelicities that Austin lists as those that doing things with speech could suffer from. The conclusion is the cultural validation, as well as the broadening, of the classic notion of “total speech act”, at the same time that the recognition of interdisciplinary dialog and the contribution of women to SAT come into play.
The development of presupposition: Pre-schoolers’ understanding ofregretandtoo
Authors: Domaneschi Filippo , Di Paola Simona , Pouscoulous Nausicaa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLittle is known about presuppositional skills in pre-school years. Developmental research has mostly focused on children’s understanding oftooand evidence is mixed: some studies show that the comprehension oftoois not adult-like at least until school age, while more recent findings suggest that even pre-schoolers can interprettoo-sentences in more age-appropriate tasks. Importantly, no study has tested directly, within the same experiment, pre-schoolers’ presupposition understanding in satisfaction versus accommodation, nor with respect to other trigger types. Yet, it is well known that adults’ processing of a presupposition is costlier when accommodation is required and that the type of trigger influences the processing demands. Therefore, both the trigger type and the contextual availability of a presupposition might influence young children’s comprehension. We tested this with a story completion task that assessed 3–5-year-olds’ comprehension of presuppositions activated by eitherregretortooin contexts that either satisfied the presupposition or required accommodation. Results reveal that pre-schoolers overall exhibit an understanding of presupposition. Crucially, this starkly improves between the age of 3 and 5 and the developmental trajectory depends on both context and trigger type: understanding the presupposition ofregretseems easier than that oftoofor younger children, and less difficulties emerge when the context satisfies the presupposition. Thus, the development of presupposition comprehension in pre-schoolers depends both on the type of trigger and the contextual availability of the presupposition – satisfied versus requiring failure repair.
Teaching L2 Spanish idioms with semantic motivation: should this be done proactively or retroactively?
Authors: Ureña Tormo Clara , Stengers Hélène , Deconinck Julie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on a small-scale experiment conducted to assess two pedagogical approaches to teaching idioms. Using a counter-balanced study design, 30 English-speaking learners of L2 Spanish participated in two pedagogical interventions intended to enhance the students’ cognitive engagement by focusing on the literal-figurative meaning connection of 20 idioms. One treatment invited learners to hypothesize about that connection retroactively after presenting them with the figurative meaning (retroactive condition), and the other one invited them to exploit the literal meaning and guess the figurative meaning proactively (proactive condition). Results show that both treatments resulted in significant pretest to post-test gains. Although results suggest a trend in which participants obtained higher scores in terms of meaning retention when the correct figurative meaning was given from the start and the literal-figurative connection established retroactively, the difference between both groups’ immediate and delayed recall scores fell short of significance.
Computer-aided measurement technology for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell characteristics
Authors: Li Qian , Hao Yu , Cui Yaru , Wang Juan , Hu Jinpeng , Yu Fuyuan , Li Xinyi , Guan Zongyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Currently, there are more perfect theoretical basis and operation methods for the research of the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cell characteristics, but the experimental process is tedious. In this article, to measure the characteristics of the CZTS solar cells more accurately and quickly, the computer-aided measurement method was used. During testing the characteristics of solar cells, the results were collected and analyzed by using LabCoder and Origin software. By designing experiments and using software to record data and complete solar cell characterization tests in one step, the number of artificial changes in resistance during testing is reduced. In the experiments, the data can be obtained in real time by using experimental results of computer-aided measurement technology, which can significantly improve the experimental efficiency. Through computer real-time monitoring, the maximum output power of as-prepared solar cells is P
m = 1.62 W, and the calculated filling factor remains at 86%. It means that computer-aided measurement technology is suitable for the experiment of CZTS solar cell characteristics.
A review on chromium health hazards and molecular mechanism of chromium bioremediation
Authors: Murthy Meesala Krishna , Khandayataray Pratima , Padhiary Samprit , Samal Dibyaranjan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Living beings have been devastated by environmental pollution, which has reached its peak. The disastrous pollution of the environment is in large part due to industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants. The widespread use of chromium (Cr (III)/Cr (VI)) in industries, especially tanneries, makes it one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. Chromium pollution is widespread due to ineffective treatment methods. Bioremediation of chromium (Cr) using bacteria is very thoughtful due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective outcome. In order to counter chromium toxicity, bacteria have numerous mechanisms, such as the ability to absorb, reduce, efflux, or accumulate the metal. In this review article, we focused on chromium toxicity on human and environmental health as well as its bioremediation mechanism.