bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing technical components of the physical protection system of objects
Authors: Fedorov S Yu , Khalizev V N , Tarasov E S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article presents a method for solving the urgent problem of choosing a combination of technical systems of physical protection of objects of informatization of an organization, on the example of an integrated security system using methods of system analysis. The article proposes a new approach that combines the methods of the theory of antagonistic games and methods of fuzzy logic. On the basis of this mathematical model, a program and a database have been developed, including interconnected tables of physical protection systems, capabilities of protection systems, tables of threats and ways of implementing threats. As a result of the application of this method, with the help of the program, a specialist can quickly solve the complex problem of choosing the optimal combination of physical protection systems to counter probable threats for a specific object of the organization’s informatization. Based on the results of the program’s work, the developer receives a report with recommendations.
Development of a bi-fuel power supply system for a diesel engine
Authors: Buzikov Sh V , Matushkin O P , Matushkina Yu N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the lack of systems in which the proportions of the used fuels in the mixture and the values of the cycle supply are simultaneously controlled depending on the load-speed mode of the diesel engine. The aim of the research is to develop a design for a bi-fuel power supply system for a diesel engine, which allows for the simultaneous regulation of the proportions of the components of a mixture consisting of alternative and diesel fuels, as well as the values of the cyclic supply of this mixture to the diesel cylinders. As a result of the research, an algorithm was calculated for the simultaneous control of the proportions of the components of a mixture consisting of alternative and diesel fuels, as well as the values of the cyclic supply of this mixture to the diesel cylinders. As a result of the operation of the fuel supply system on mixtures of diesel and alternative fuels according to the developed algorithm, it made it possible to achieve the identical operation of a diesel engine on pure diesel fuel at all load-speed modes of diesel operation. Also, in the course of the research carried out, a bi-fuel power supply system for a diesel engine was developed, which makes it possible to simultaneously regulate the amount (cycle supply) and the composition of a mixture consisting of diesel and alternative fuel supplied to the diesel cylinders, depending on the speed and load modes of operation.
Plant responses to heterogeneous salinity: agronomic relevance and research priorities
Authors: Valenzuela Francisco Jose , Reineke Daniela , Leventini Dante , Chen Christopher Cody Lee , Barrett-Lennard Edward G , Colmer Timothy D , Dodd Ian C , Shabala Sergey , Brown Patrick , Bazihizina Nadia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Soil salinity, in both natural and managed environments, is highly heterogeneous, and understanding how plants respond to this spatiotemporal heterogeneity is increasingly important for sustainable agriculture in the era of global climate change. While the vast majority of research on crop response to salinity utilizes homogeneous saline conditions, a much smaller, but important, effort has been made in the past decade to understand plant molecular and physiological responses to heterogeneous salinity mainly by using split-root studies. These studies have begun to unravel how plants compensate for water/nutrient deprivation and limit salt stress by optimizing root-foraging in the most favourable parts of the soil.

Scope
This paper provides an overview of the patterns of salinity heterogeneity in rain-fed and irrigated systems. We then discuss results from split-root studies and the recent progress in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating plant responses to heterogeneous root-zone salinity and nutrient conditions. We focus on mechanisms by which plants (salt/nutrient sensing, root-shoot signalling and water uptake) could optimize the use of less-saline patches within the root-zone, thereby enhancing growth under heterogeneous soil salinity conditions. Finally, we place these findings in the context of defining future research priorities, possible irrigation management and crop breeding opportunities to improve productivity from salt-affected lands.
POSREG: proteomic signature discovered by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability
Authors: Li Fengcheng , Zhou Ying , Zhang Ying , Yin Jiayi , Qiu Yunqing , Gao Jianqing , Zhu Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic technique has become indispensable in current exploration of complex and dynamic biological processes. Instrument development has largely ensured the effective production of proteomic data, which necessitates commensurate advances in statistical framework to discover the optimal proteomic signature. Current framework mainly emphasizes the generalizability of the identified signature in predicting the independent data but neglects the reproducibility among signatures identified from independently repeated trials on different sub-dataset. These problems seriously restricted the wide application of the proteomic technique in molecular biology and other related directions. Thus, it is crucial to enable the generalizable and reproducible discovery of the proteomic signature with the subsequent indication of phenotype association. However, no such tool has been developed and available yet. Herein, an online tool, POSREG, was therefore constructed to identify the optimal signature for a set of proteomic data. It works by (i) identifying the proteomic signature of good reproducibility and aggregating them to ensemble feature ranking by ensemble learning, (ii) assessing the generalizability of ensemble feature ranking to acquire the optimal signature and (iii) indicating the phenotype association of discovered signature. POSREG is unique in its capacity of discovering the proteomic signature by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability. It is now accessible free of charge without any registration or login requirement at https://idrblab.org/posreg/
CoverageMaster: comprehensive CNV detection and visualization from NGS short reads for genetic medicine applications
Authors: Rapti Melivoia , Zouaghi Yassine , Meylan Jenny , Ranza Emmanuelle , Antonarakis Stylianos E , Santoni Federico A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoverageMaster (CoM) is a copy number variation (CNV) calling algorithm based on depth-of-coverage maps designed to detect CNVs of any size in exome [whole exome sequencing (WES)] and genome [whole genome sequencing (WGS)] data. The core of the algorithm is the compression of sequencing coverage data in a multiscale Wavelet space and the analysis through an iterative Hidden Markov Model. CoM processes WES and WGS data at nucleotide scale resolution and accurately detects and visualizes full size range CNVs, including single or partial exon deletions and duplications. The results obtained with this approach support the possibility for coverage-based CNV callers to replace probe-based methods such as array comparative genomic hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in the near future.
Loss of Nobox prevents ovarian differentiation from juvenile ovaries in zebrafish
Authors: Qin Mingming , Xie Qingping , Wu Kun , Zhou Xianqing , Ge Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As a species without master sex-determining genes, zebrafish displays high plasticity in sex differentiation, making it an excellent model for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis. Despite being a gonochorist, zebrafish is a juvenile hermaphrodite that undergoes a special phase of juvenile ovary before further differentiation into functional testis and ovary. The mechanisms underlying juvenile ovary formation and subsequent gonadal differentiation remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of Nobox/nobox (new born ovary homeobox protein), another oocyte-specific transcription factor in females, in early zebrafish gonadogenesis using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. As in mammals, nobox is specifically expressed in zebrafish gonads with a dimorphic pattern at juvenile stage. In contrast to the mutant of figla (factor in the germline alpha, another oocyte-specific transcription factor), the nobox mutants showed formation of typical perinucleolar (PN) follicles at primary growth (PG) stage in juvenile gonads, suggesting occurrence of follicle assembly from cystic oocytes (chromatin nucleolar stage, CN). These follicles, however, failed to develop further to form functional ovaries, resulting in all-male phenotype. Despite its expression in adult testis, the loss of nobox did not seem to affect testis development, spermatogenesis and male spawning. In summary, our results indicate an important role for Nobox in zebrafish ovarian differentiation and early folliculogenesis.
Authoritarian Legality and Legal Instrumentalism in China
Authors: Wang Shucheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Law has become increasingly important for authoritarian regimes. This article analyzes the dynamics of authoritarian legality by delineating two pure types of authoritarian politics, i.e. normal politics and exceptional politics. It explains the institutionalization of authoritarian legality – from law-making to final adjudication – through a politically controllable congress and court system. It further identifies three pure types of instantiations of legal instrumentalism, based on the variance of political ideologies: liberal, apolitical, and illiberal. Taking China as an example, the instantiation of legal instrumentalism in illiberal regimes has been different from those in liberal regimes. It further argues that legal instrumentalism as instantiated in an illiberal context provides a more explanatory framework than either Marxist or Confucian legal theories to reveal the law’s nature and function as a crucial instrument for developing the enterprise of legality grounded on illiberal principles in China.
Specialize or diversify? And in What? Trade composition, quality of specialization, and persistent growth
Authors: Dosi Giovanni , Riccio Federico , Virgillito Maria Enrica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper, using a long-term, product-level, cross-country dataset, analyzes the trade–growth nexus by introducing two novel indicators able to capture demand and supply attributes of countries’ quality of specialization. The Keynesian efficiency index measures demand attractiveness of the export baskets, estimating product-level demand elasticities and weighting them by diversification; the Schumpeterian efficiency index tracks the export baskets’ technological dynamism proxied by product-level patent intensities. These two dimensions of quality of specialization are effective in explaining the rate and volatility of growth and the duration of growth episodes, identified as periods longer than 8 years of 2% average growth and, even more, of exceptional growth episodes ($\geq\,5\%$). Our results, robust to a wide range of control variables, suggest that specialization per sé is detrimental for growth resilience while countries with a diversified export structure specialized either in demand-elastic and technological-dynamic productions are likely to experience longer growth episodes.
Mosquito Repellent Potential ofCarpesium abrotanoidesEssential Oil and Its Main Components Against a Dengue Vector,Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Haris Abdullah , Azeem Muhammad , Binyameen Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDisease vectoring mosquitoes are a serious threat to humans. However, till today only few mosquito repellents have been identified. The current study was conducted to evaluate the repellent potential of Carpesium abrotanoides essential oil against Aedes aegypti females by human bait technique. Essential oil was extracted by steam distillation process while the identification of chemical constituents was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Time span repellent bioassays of C. abrotanoides essential oil in comparison to DEET were performed at three different doses (33 μg/cm2, 165 μg/cm2, and 330 μg/cm2) under laboratory conditions. Highest repellency periods for essential oil and DEET were observed at the tested dose of 330 μg/cm2 with 315 min and 720 min, respectively. Lowest repellency period of 45 min for essential oil and 105 min for DEET was recorded at the tested dose of 33 μg/cm2. Major constituents caryophyllene (24.3%) and trans-nerolidol (12.0%) of C. abrotanoides essential oil were also evaluated as repellents at three different doses (330 μg/cm2, 165 μg/cm2, and 33 μg/cm2) against Ae. aegypti. Surprisingly, trans-nerolidol completely inhibited Ae. aegypti landings for 45 min when tested at 330 μg/cm2. However, caryophyllene did not completely inhibit Ae. aegypti landing even after immediate application at the tested dose of 330 μg/cm2. At the tested dose of 330 μg/cm2, the mixture (trans-nerolidol + caryophyllene) completely inhibited Ae. aegypti landing for 60 min indicating the synergistic effect of caryophyllene. Hence, C. abrotanoides as well as its major constituent, especially trans-nerolidol, have potential to formulate as mosquito repellent comparable of DEET.
Molecular phylogenetics reveals the common species ofTrochus(Vetigastropoda: Trochidae) found on Japanese temperate subtidal reefs
Authors: Sawayama Shuhei , Yanagimoto Takashi , Chow Seinen , Onitsuka Toshihiro , Shirafuji Norio , Hayakawa Jun , Kurogi Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFive species of the marine gastropod genus Trochus are found on the Japanese coast. It was considered that Trochus rota was the most northerly species, whereas subtropical species, including T. histrio, were limited to the southern region. In recent years, however, several researchers have reported shells of T. histrio at higher latitudes than the previously assumed northern limit of this species. For the identification of the Japanese Trochus species, traditional shell morphological characters are insufficient. To provide better identification criteria, we performed a detailed morphological investigation and molecular analysis for Trochus individuals (n = 55) collected from a subtidal reef in Nagai, on the temperate Pacific coast of Japan. Our phylogenetic analysis, which was based on the mitochondrial DNA genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA, shows that T. histrio, despite its relatively low genetic diversity, exhibits substantial variation in the morphology of the shell base (i.e. in the extent of red spotting on the inner part of the aperture and in the prominence of the knobs protruding along the base of the shell periphery). A shell size comparison indicates that the variation in the shell base reflects growth-associated morphological change. We found significant differences between T. histrio and T. rota in two shell characters (the number of knobs along the base of the shell periphery and shell height/width ratio) with size as a covariate. We conclude that these two species can usually be distinguished from each other by the combination of two characters: presence/absence of red spots on the inner aperture and the extent (i.e. number and prominence) of knob-like structures on the shell base. In addition, field sampling in Nagai shows that T. histrio is currently much more common than T. rota at two sites having contrasting kelp forest conditions. The diagnostic criteria presented here provide a useful basis for research on the ecology of Japanese Trochus species.
Preoperative [11C]methionine PET to personalize treatment decisions in patients with lower-grade gliomas
Authors: Ninatti Gaia , Sollini Martina , Bono Beatrice , Gozzi Noemi , Fedorov Daniil , Antunovic Lidija , Gelardi Fabrizia , Navarria Pierina , Politi Letterio S , Pessina Federico , Chiti Arturo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
PET with radiolabeled amino acids is used in the preoperative evaluation of patients with glial neoplasms. This study aimed to assess the role of [11C]methionine (MET) PET in assessing molecular features, tumor extent, and prognosis in newly diagnosed lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) surgically treated.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-three patients with a new diagnosis of grade 2/3 glioma who underwent surgery at our Institution and were imaged preoperatively using [11C]MET PET/CT were retrospectively included. [11C]MET PET images were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed using tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Progression-free survival (PFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to test the association of clinicopathological and imaging data to PFS.

Results
Overall, 111 lesions (73%) were positive, while thirty-two (21%) and ten (6%) were isometabolic and hypometabolic at [11C]MET PET, respectively. [11C]MET uptake was more common in oligodendrogliomas than IDH-mutant astrocytomas (87% vs 50% of cases, respectively). Among [11C]MET-positive gliomas, grade 3 oligodendrogliomas had the highest median TBRmax (3.22). In 25% of patients, PET helped to better delineate tumor margins compared to MRI only. In IDH-mutant astrocytomas, higher TBRmax values at [11C]MET PET were independent predictors of shorter PFS.

Conclusions
This work highlights the role of preoperative [11C]MET PET in estimating the type of suspected LGGs, assessing tumor extent, and predicting biological behavior and prognosis of histologically confirmed LGGs. Our findings support the implementation of [11C]MET PET in routine clinical practice to better manage these neoplasms.
An Evaluation of Five Models of Arc Volcanism
Authors: Turner Stephen J , Langmuir Charles H 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA first-order observation of convergent margin volcanism is that continental arc stratovolcanoes have substantially elevated incompatible element abundances and notable fractionations of certain incompatible element ratios compared to oceanic arc stratovolcanoes. Models to account for these differences include (1) a greater influence of differentiation and contamination due to thicker crust, (2) a variable slab flux controlled by the slab thermal structure, (3) heterogeneity of the ambient mantle wedge, (4) variations in extents of melting caused by wedge thermal structure, and (5) slab diapirs and subduction erosion that provide different source materials to the melting regime. An evaluation of these models using arc geochemistry, experimental results, physical models, and tectonic constraints shows that models 1, 2, and 5 are inconsistent with a variety of observations. While a slab component is always present along the arc front, variations in the slab component are not the primary cause of the continental/oceanic arc dichotomy. There is compelling evidence for models 3 and 4, wedge heterogeneity and variations in extents of melting, which in combination provide straightforward explanations for the first-order features of arc geochemistry. Oceanic arcs with back-arc basins are formed by large extents of melting of an ambient mantle that is more depleted than the normal ocean ridge basalt mantle source. Continental arcs are formed by smaller extents of melting of an ambient mantle that is usually more enriched. The apparent greater influence of slab components in oceanic arcs can be understood by the greater leverage that the slab component has on depleted mantle compositions. These conclusions apply to the first-order global and regional systematics, which is not to say that individual volcanoes or samples may be more influenced by crustal processes, slab temperature, or a sediment diapir intermittently incorporated into the mantle wedge.
Transcriptomic and functional analysis provides molecular insights into multicellular trichome development
Authors: Dong Mingming , Xue Shudan , Bartholomew Ezra S , Zhai Xuling , Sun Lei , Xu Shuo , Zhang Yaqi , Yin Shuai , Ma Wenyue , Chen Shuying , Feng Zhongxuan , Geng Chao , Li Xiangdong , Liu Xingwang , Ren Huazhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrichomes, the hair-like structures located on aerial parts of most vascular plants, are associated with a wide array of biological processes and affect the economic value of certain species. The processes involved in unicellular trichome formation have been well-studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, our understanding of the morphological changes and the underlying molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome development is limited. Here, we studied the dynamic developmental processes involved in glandular and nonglandular multicellular trichome formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and divided these processes into five sequential stages. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of multicellular trichome formation, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing analysis. A total of 711 multicellular trichome-related genes were screened and a model for multicellular trichome formation was developed. The transcriptome and co-expression datasets were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing analysis revealed that CsHOMEOBOX3 (CsHOX3) and CsbHLH1 are involved in nonglandular trichome elongation and glandular trichome formation, respectively, which corresponds with the transcriptome data. This study presents a transcriptome atlas that provides insights into the molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome formation in cucumber and can be an important resource for future functional studies.
INFLUENCE OF SAMPLING FLOW RATE ON THORON EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS BY THE CIRCULATION METHOD
Authors: Hosoda Masahiro , Yamada Ryohei , Kobyashi Hiromu , Tamakuma Yuki , Nugraha Eka Djatnika , Hashimoto Hiroki , Negami Ryoju , Kranrod Chutima , Omori Yasutaka , Tazoe Hirofumi , Akata Naofumi , Tokonami Shinji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearchers have used various methods to obtain the exhalation rates of radon and thoron from soil and building materials. One of the typical methods for radon exhalation rate is the circulation method using an accumulation container, an external or internal sampling pump and a continuous radon monitor. However, it is necessary to consider sampling flow rate if this method is applied to exhalation rate measurement for thoron due to its short half-life. Based on a calibration experiment, the measured thoron concentrations obtained by an electrostatic collection type radon and thoron monitor (RAD7) were found to be influenced strongly by the sampling flow rate. It was also found that the thoron exhalation rate from a soil sample depended on the pressure difference which was proportional to the increasing sampling flow rate. The thoron exhalation rate measured at the generally used sampling flow rate of the internal sampling pump of the RAD7 was overestimated compared with the value at 0 L min−1.