bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with the risk of preterm birth: a hospital-based cohort study
Authors: Wu Jiang-Nan , Peng Ting , Xie Feng , Li Ming-Qing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence for the association of thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with preterm birth remains controversial. We aimed to study the association of maternal thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with the risk of preterm birth.

Method
A hospital-based cohort study of 40,214 women was conducted. Gestational age-specific percentiles of the FT4 and TSH concentrations were used for the definition of thyroid dysfunction. Autoantibody positivity was identified when the concentration > the threshold. The association of thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with the risk of preterm birth was estimated.

Results
No significant higher risk of preterm birth was found for women with variants of thyroid dysfunction or autoantibody positive than euthyroid women. Sensitivity and stratification analyses indicated that thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity in the first trimester (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.90) and overt hypothyroidism restricted to women negative for TPOAb (OR, 4.94; 95%CI: 1.64–14.84) was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Modification effects of gestational age were found for women who had the test ≤18 and > 18 weeks. Continuous FT4 measurements tested ≤18 weeks of gestation were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (OR, 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.28), while a negative relationship for FT4 concentrations tested > 18 weeks of gestation (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.97).

Conclusions
Some specific thyroid function abnormalities were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Interaction between gestational age and FT4 concentration on the risk of preterm birth was identified, with a critical node of 18 weeks of gestation.
LukS-PV inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells migration by downregulating HDAC6 expression
Authors: Xu Xuexue , Ding Pengsheng , Shi Lan , Wu Gang , Ma Xiaoling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a clinically common malignant tumor worldwide. LukS-PV is the S component of Panton-Valentine leukocidin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, which has shown anti-cancer activity. Based on previous findings, this study investigated the effects of LukS-PV on HCC migration and the potential molecular mechanisms involving acetylation pathways.

Methods
After treating HCC cells with different concentrations of LukS-PV, we used scratch assays to determine the mobility of the cancer cells. Western blots were used to determine the expression levels of migration-related proteins. Quantitative proteomic sequencing was used to evaluate proteomic changes in target proteins. Immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analyses were used to validate the binding of related target proteins.

Results
LukS-PV inhibited HCC cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, LukS-PV attenuated the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC)6, which is highly expressed in HCC cells. Further studies showed that LukS-PV increased the acetylation level of α-tubulin by down-regulating HDAC6, which resulted in the inhibition of HCC cell migration.

Conclusion
Taken together, our data revealed a vital role of LukS-PV in suppressing HCC cell migration by down-regulating HDAC6 and increasing the acetylation level of α-tubulin.
Prevalence of congenital heart disease among school children in Qinghai Province
Authors: He Shangfei , Zhao Fengqing , Liu Xudong , Liu Fangzhou , Xue Yumei , Liao Hongtao , Zhan Xianzhang , Lin Weidong , Zheng Murui , Jiang Junrong , Li Huoxing , Ma Xiaofeng , Wu Shulin , Deng Hai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) among school children in Qinghai province, a high-altitude region in China.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among school-aged children in 2019. All subjects completed a survey with a structure questionnaire and underwent CHD screening. CHD was screened by standard physical examination and further confirmed by echocardiography. Multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the association of CHD prevalence with gender, nationality, and altitude.

Results
A total of 43,562 children aged 3–19 years participated in the study. The mean (SD) age was 11.2 (3.3) years. 49.7% were boys, and 80.0% were of Tibetan. CHD was identified in 293 children, with an overall prevalence of 6.73 ‰. Among them, 239 were unrecognized CHD, yielding a prevalence of 5.49 ‰. Atrial septal defect accounted for 51.9% of the CHD, followed by patent ductus arteriosus (31.1%), ventricular septal defect (9.9%). The CHD prevalence was significantly higher in female (8 ‰), Han race (18 ‰), children lived in Qumalai county (13 ‰), and children lived in a higher altitude (13 ‰). Female had greater prevalence of total CHD, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, but insignificant difference was observed in ventricular septal defect prvalence than male. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, female (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17–1.87, P = 0.001), Han population (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.67–6.42, P = 0.001), and higher altitudes (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.74–3.00, P < 0.001) were shown to be independently association with CHD prevalence.

Conclusions
The prevalence of CHD in Qinghai province was 6.73 ‰. Altitude elevation, female, and Han population were independently association with CHD prevalence.
Consensus on a standardised treatment pathway algorithm for lumbar spinal stenosis: an international Delphi study
Authors: Comer Christine , Ammendolia Carlo , Battié Michele C. , Bussières André , Fairbank Jeremy , Haig Andrew , Melloh Markus , Redmond Anthony , Schneider Michael J. , Standaert Christopher J. , Tomkins-Lane Christy , Williamson Esther , Wong Arnold YL. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative spinal condition in older adults associated with disability, diminished quality of life, and substantial healthcare costs. Individual symptoms and needs vary. With sparse and sometimes inconsistent evidence to guide clinical decision-making, variable clinical care may lead to unsatisfactory patient outcomes and inefficient use of healthcare resources.

Methods
A three-phase modified Delphi study comprising four consensus rounds was conducted on behalf of the International Taskforce for the Diagnosis and Management of LSS to develop a treatment algorithm based on multi-professional international expert consensus. Participants with expertise in the assessment and management of people with LSS were invited using an international distribution process used for two previous Delphi studies led by the Taskforce. Separate treatment pathways for patients with different symptom types and severity were developed and incorporated into a proposed treatment algorithm through consensus rounds 1 to 3. Agreement with the proposed algorithm was evaluated in the final consensus round.

Results
The final algorithm combines stratified and stepped approaches. When indicated, immediate investigation and surgery is advocated. Otherwise, a stepped approach is suggested when self-directed care is unsatisfactory. This starts with tailored rehabilitation, then more complex multidisciplinary care, investigations and surgery options if needed. Treatment options in each step depend on clinical phenotype and symptom severity. Treatment response guides pathway entrance and exit points. Of 397 study participants, 86% rated their agreement ≥ 4 for the proposed algorithm on a 0–6 scale, of which 22% completely agreed. Only 7% disagreed. Over 70% of participants felt that the algorithm would be useful for clinicians in public healthcare (both primary care and specialist settings) and in private healthcare settings, and that a simplified version would help patients in shared decision-making.

Conclusions
International and multi-professional agreement was achieved for a proposed LSS treatment algorithm developed through expert consensus. The algorithm advocates different pathway options depending on clinical indications. It is not intended as a treatment protocol and will require evaluation against current care for clinical and cost-effectiveness. It may, however, serve as a clinical guide until evidence is sufficient to inform a fully stratified care model.
Cross-cultural conceptualization of a good end of life with dementia: a qualitative study
Authors: Nishimura Mayumi , Dening Karen Harrison , Sampson Elizabeth L. , de Oliveira Vidal Edison Iglesias , de Abreu Wilson Correia , Kaasalainen Sharon , Eisenmann Yvonne , Dempsey Laura , Moore Kirsten J. , Davies Nathan , Bolt Sascha R. , Meijers Judith M. M. , Dekker Natashe Lemos , Miyashita Mitsunori , Nakanishi Miharu , Nakayama Takeo , van der Steen Jenny T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Research on the nature of a “good death” has mostly focused on dying with cancer and other life-limiting diseases, but less so on dementia. Conceptualizing common cross-cultural themes regarding a good end of life in dementia will enable developing international care models.

Methods
We combined published qualitative studies about end of life with dementia, focus group and individual interviews with the researchers, and video-conferencing and continuous email discussions. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed thematically, and the researchers developed common themes referring to their original studies.

Results
Fourteen qualitative researchers representing 14 cross-cultural studies covering qualitative data of 121 people with dementia and 292 family caregivers. The researchers and data were from eight countries UK, The Netherlands, Japan, Portugal, Germany, Canada, Brazil, and Ireland. Three focus groups, five individual interviews, and video-conferencing were conducted and feedback on multiple iterations was gained by 190 emails between May 2019 and April 2020 until consensus was achieved. Nine cross-culturally common themes emerged from the discussions and shared interpretation of the data of persons with dementia and family caregivers. Three represent basic needs: “Pain and Symptoms Controlled,” “Being Provided Basic Care,” and “A Place like Home.” Other themes were “Having Preferences Met,” “Receiving Respect as a Person,” “Care for Caregivers,” “Identity Being Preserved,” “Being Connected,” and “Satisfaction with Life and Spiritual Well-being.” “Care for Caregivers” showed the greatest difference in emphasis across cultures. Good relationships were essential in all themes.

Conclusions
The common cross-cultural themes comprise a framework underpinned by value placed on personhood and dignity, emphasizing that interdependency through relationships is essential to promote a good end of life with dementia. These themes and valuing the importance of relationships as central to connecting the themes could support care planning and further development of a dementia palliative care model.

Trial registration
The Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University (R1924–1).
Observations of community-based multidisciplinary team meetings in health and social care for older people with long term conditions in England
Authors: Douglas Nick , Mays Nicholas , Al-Haboubi Mustafa , Manacorda Tommaso , Thana Lavanya , Wistow Gerald , Durand Mary Alison 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Community-based multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs) are the most common means to encourage health and social care service integration in England yet are rarely studied or directly observed. This paper reports on two rounds of non-participant observations of community-based multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meetings in two localities, as part of an evaluation of the Integrated Care and Support Pioneers Programme. We sought to understand how MDT meetings coordinate care and identify their ‘added value’ over bilateral discussions.

Methods
Two rounds of structured non-participant observations of 11 MDTs (28 meetings) in an inner city and mixed urban–rural area in England (June 2019-February 2020), using a group analysis approach.

Results
Despite diverse settings, attendance and caseloads, MDTs adopted similar processes of case management: presentation; information seeking/sharing; narrative construction; solution seeking; decision-making and task allocation. Patient-centredness was evident but scope to strengthen ‘patient-voice’ exists. MDTs were hampered by information governance rules and lack of interoperability between patient databases. Meetings were characterised by mutual respect and collegiality with little challenge. Decision-making appeared non-hierarchical, often involving dyads or triads of professionals. ‘Added value’ lay in: rapid patient information sharing; better understanding of contributing agencies’ services; planning strategies for patients that providers had struggled to find the right way to engage satisfactorily; and managing risk and providing mutual support in stressful cases.

Conclusions
More attention needs to be given to removing barriers to information sharing, creating scope for constructive challenge between staff and deciding when to remove cases from the caseload.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of young genes in plants
Authors: Raxwal Vivek Kumar , Singh Somya , Agarwal Manu , Riha Karel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
New genes continuously emerge from non-coding DNA or by diverging from existing genes, but most of them are rapidly lost and only a few become fixed within the population. We hypothesized that young genes are subject to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation to limit their expression and minimize their exposure to purifying selection.

Results
We performed a protein-based homology search across the tree of life to determine the evolutionary age of protein-coding genes present in the rice genome. We found that young genes in rice have relatively low expression levels, which can be attributed to distal enhancers, and closed chromatin conformation at their transcription start sites (TSS). The chromatin in TSS regions can be re-modeled in response to abiotic stress, indicating conditional expression of young genes. Furthermore, transcripts of young genes in Arabidopsis tend to be targeted by nonsense-mediated RNA decay, presenting another layer of regulation limiting their expression.

Conclusions
These data suggest that transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms contribute to the conditional expression of young genes, which may alleviate purging selection while providing an opportunity for phenotypic exposure and functionalization.
Intermittent screening and treatment for malaria complementary to routine immunisation in the first year of life in Papua, Indonesia: a cluster randomised superiority trial
Authors: Poespoprodjo Jeanne Rini , Hafiidhaturrahmah  , Sariyanti Novita , Indrawanti Ratni , McLean Alistair R. D. , Simpson Julie A. , Kenangalem Enny , Burdam Faustina Helena , Noviyanti Rintis , Trianty Leily , Fadhilah Chairunisa , Soenarto Yati , Price Ric N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In Papua (Indonesia), infants with P. falciparum and/or P. vivax malaria are at risk of severe anaemia and death. We hypothesized that in an area of high malaria transmission, intermittent screening and treatment of infants with malaria (ISTi) will reduce morbidity compared to passive case detection (PCDi).

Methods
We conducted a cluster randomised, open label, superiority trial. A total of 21 clusters of village health posts (VHP) were randomised 1:1 to either IST for infants coinciding with 4 routine immunisation visits or PCDi. Healthy term infants born to consenting mothers enrolled into a maternal malaria cluster randomised trial were included in the study and followed for 12 months. Point of care malaria rapid diagnostic tests were used to detect peripheral parasitaemia at 2, 3, 4 and 9 months old in all infants in ISTi clusters and when symptomatic in PCDi clusters. Infants with detected peripheral parasitaemia were treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. The co-primary outcomes were the incidence rate of clinical malaria in the first year of life and the prevalence of parasitaemia at age 12 months. The incidence rate ratio and prevalence ratio between ISTi and PCDi were estimated using mixed-effects Poisson and log-binomial regression modelling (accounting for clustering at VHP level).

Results
Between May 2014 and February 2017, 757 infants were enrolled into the study, 313 into 10 ISTi clusters, and 444 into 11 PCDi clusters. Overall, 132 episodes of parasitaemia were detected, of whom 17 (12.9%) were in symptomatic infants. Over 12 months, the incidence rate (IR) of clinical malaria was 24 [95% CI, 10–50] per 1000 children-years at risk in the ISTi arm and 19 [95% CI, 8,38] per 1000 children-years in the PCDi arm (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 1.77 [95% CI, 0.62–5.01]; p = 0.280). The prevalence of parasitaemia at 12 months was 13% (33/254) in the IST clusters and 15% (57/379) in the PCD clusters (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.92 (95% CI, 0.70–1.21), p = 0.55). There was no difference in the risk of anaemia between treatment arms.

Conclusions
In high malaria transmission area outside of Africa, our study suggests that compared to PCDi, ISTi offers no significant benefit in reducing the risk of clinical malaria in infants born to women receiving effective protection from malaria during pregnancy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02001428, registered on 20 Nov 2013.
Deep-learning-based analysis of preoperative MRI predicts microvascular invasion and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Bao-Ye , Gu Pei-Yi , Guan Ruo-Yu , Zhou Cheng , Lu Jian-Wei , Yang Zhang-Fu , Pan Chao , Zhou Pei-Yun , Zhu Ya-Ping , Li Jia-Rui , Wang Zhu-Tao , Gao Shan-Shan , Gan Wei , Yi Yong , Luo Ye , Qiu Shuang-Jian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) is critical for treatment strategy making in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) model based on preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to predict the MVI status and clinical outcomes in patients with HCC.

Methods
We retrospectively included a total of 321 HCC patients with pathologically confirmed MVI status. Preoperative DCE-MRI of these patients were collected, annotated, and further analyzed by DL in this study. A predictive model for MVI integrating DL-predicted MVI status (DL-MVI) and clinical parameters was constructed with multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Of 321 HCC patients, 136 patients were pathologically MVI absent and 185 patients were MVI present. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly different between the DL-predicted MVI-absent and MVI-present. Among all clinical variables, only DL-predicted MVI status and a-fetoprotein (AFP) were independently associated with MVI: DL-MVI (odds ratio [OR] = 35.738; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.027–91.056; p < 0.001), AFP (OR = 4.634, 95% CI 2.576–8.336; p < 0.001). To predict the presence of MVI, DL-MVI combined with AFP achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824.

Conclusions
Our predictive model combining DL-MVI and AFP achieved good performance for predicting MVI and clinical outcomes in patients with HCC.
Fatty acids composition and in vivo biochemical effects of Aleurites moluccana seed (Candlenut) in obese wistar rats
Authors: de Britto Rosa Matheus Camargos , Ribeiro Paula Reis , de Oliveira Silva Viviam , Selvati-Rezende Danubia Aparecida de Carvalho , da Silva Tácio Peres , Souza Fernanda Rezende , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Seixas Josilene Nascimento , Andrade Eric Francelino , Pardi Vanessa , Murata Ramiro Mendonça , Pereira Luciano José 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Candlenut (CN) has been used indiscriminately for weight loss. In vivo effects of CN in different doses are scarce.

Objective
To evaluate the effects of CN ingestion in obese rats.

Design
Thirty animals (obese and non-obese) received one of three different types of treatments: placebo, CN ingestion in a popular therapeutic regimen (8 days with oral administration of 0.2 mg/kg followed by 20 days with doses of 0.4 mg/kg), and ingestion of a doubled popular dose—called 2CN. Treatment was maintained for 28 days.

Results
The fatty acid profile of CN indicated mainly linolelaidic and palmitoleic acids. Rats receiving CN and 2CN showed reduced plasmatic levels of glucose and lipoproteins (p < 0.05). A dose-dependent carcass fat reduction was observed (p < 0.05). Blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) reduced with CN and increased with 2CN doses (p < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the atherogenic index remained similar among all treatments (p > 0.05). Hepatic vacuolation decreased with CN, but the 2CN dose produced mononuclear leucocyte infiltrate.

Conclusions
Although CN presented beneficial effects on the metabolism of rats, it also caused increased risk of liver damage.
Investigation on Acoustic Emission Parameters due to Fatigue Damage of Concrete Beams with Variable Notched Depth
Authors: Abdul Kudus Sakhiah , Muhamad Bunnori Norazura , Mustaffa Nur Kamaliah , Jamadin Adiza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcoustic Emission (AE) application for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has undergone a swift advance through research and innovation in recent times. The AE monitoring is widely exploited as a tool for damage detection in materials research and structure monitoring. Various advantages of the AE, such as the potential use in large and complex structures, high-sensitivity, real-time monitoring capability, and potential application across a wide range of field study, has given the technique an edge over other approaches. Nevertheless, most of the reported studies had focused on the interpretation of the results in both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to extend the capabilities and application of AE for damage detection strategy. Eventually, the quantification of the damage level of the concrete structure relative to fatigue loading remained unanswered. Therefore, this study presented the experimental investigation of four types of plain concrete beams with a fixed dimension of 100 × 200 × 600 mm in the different notch-to-depth ratios under cyclic loading. A setup of the instrument consisting of four AE sensors type R6I was employed on each concrete beam sample to ensure a precise measurement for the three-point bending test. The b-value, improved b-value (Ib-value), severity, and intensity analysis methods were applied to quantify the damage level of the concrete structure under fatigue loading. Based on the results, the AE analysis successfully classified the damage levels following the observation made during the increasing cyclic loading on the notched concrete beams, the initiation of cracks, the steady growth of cracks, and beam failure. Valuable insights were recorded throughout the observation, including the progression of the fatigue failure mechanism from the Ib-value results, the intensity chart patterns from the intensity analysis, and the increased severity due to the increased loading cycles from the severity analysis. Conclusively, this study would enable researchers to understand the trend in monitoring the damage level under fatigue loading using the AE technique as well as providing fresh insights for further research.