bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations
Authors: Fisher Josephine B. , Lohmer Vivien , Kern Friederike , Barthlen Winfried , Gaus Sebastian , Rohlfing Katharina J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent approaches to Explainable AI (XAI) promise to satisfy diverse user expectations by allowing them to steer the interaction in order to elicit content relevant to them. However, little is known about how and to what extent the explainee takes part actively in the process of explaining. To tackle this empirical gap, we exploratively examined naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions (N = 11). Following the social design of XAI, we view explanations as emerging in interactions: first, we identified the verbal behavior of both the explainer and the explainee in the sequential context, which we could assign to phases that were either monological or dialogical; second, we investigated in particular who was responsible for the initiation of the different phases. Finally, we took a closer look at the global conversational structure of explanations by applying a context-sensitive model of organizational jobs, thus adding a third layer of analysis. Results show that in our small sample of conversational explanations, both monological and dialogical phases varied in their length, timing of occurrence (at the early or later stages of the interaction) and their initiation (by the explainer or the explainee). They alternated several times in the course of the interaction. However, we also found some patterns suggesting that all interactions started with a monological phase initiated by the explainer. Both conversational partners contributed to the core organizational job that constitutes an explanation. We interpret the results as an indication for naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions to be co-constructed on three levels of linguistic description: (1) by switching back and forth between monological to dialogical phases that (2) can be initiated by both partners and (3) by the mutual accomplishment and thus responsibility for an explanation’s core job that is crucial for the success of the explanation. Because of the explorative nature of our study, these results need to be investigated (a) with a larger sample and (b) in other contexts. However, our results suggest that future designs of artificial explainable systems should design the explanatory dialogue in such a way that it includes monological and dialogical phases that can be initiated not only by the explainer but also by the explainee, as both contribute to the core job of explicating procedural, clausal, or conceptual relations in explanations.
Eating Your Cake and Having it Too: US Megachurches and Factors Associated with Attending Multiple Congregations
Authors: Corcoran Katie E. , House-Niamke Stephanie M. , Bird Warren , Thumma Scott L. 
Published: December 2022

Background It is typically assumed in the social scientific study of religion that individuals attend one congregation or none. As such, there is scarce research on individuals who attend more than one congregation yet doing so may affect congregational participation. Purpose This study theorizes factors affecting whether someone attends multiple congregations and how this might influence congregational volunteering and giving in the context of megachurches. It hypothesizes that parents, those who are single, those of lower socioeconomic status, those who are racially and ethnically minoritized, and those who are not socially embedded in a congregation will be more likely to attend a megachurch and other congregations. It also theorizes competing hypotheses regarding the association between attending multiple congregations and congregational volunteering and giving. Methods This study draws on survey data from 12 representative megachurches to test the proposed hypotheses using logistic and ordinal logistic regression models. Results Those who are single, those of lower socioeconomic status, those who are racially and ethnically minoritized, and those who are not socially embedded in the megachurch are more likely to attend multiple congregations simultaneously. Attending multiple congregations is negatively associated with congregational volunteering and giving. Conclusions and Implications The results demonstrate the need to reconceptualize congregational attendance to recognize that individuals may attend more than one congregation. Accordingly, future surveys should allow respondents to identify attending multiple congregations. The results also highlight how congregations may be negatively impacted by non-exclusive attendees who are less likely to volunteer and give money.
The gendered nature of independence in the context of research funding and excellence
Authors: Schiffbaenker Helene , Haas Marita , Holzinger Florian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe notion of junior scientists’ independence has increasingly become relevant in the evaluation of scientific excellence. In this paper, we deconstruct independence—as an element of excellence—in the context of reviewing a prestigious European Research Grant. Conducting qualitative interviews with this grant’s reviewers, we reveal five different dimensions of how reviewers construct the notion of independence: two dimensions are directly linked to the applicants’ relationship to their supervisors: reviewers were talking about independence as a result of emancipation from the applicants’ (former) supervisor and as a concept that researchers need to negotiate with them. Beyond, three topical dimensions of independence could be identified, referring to originality, networks and mobility. We further show that gender is deeply inscribed into these dimensions, especially when reviewers use their own biographical background for assessing the independence of an early career researcher. These experiences are subject to gender bias through (i) individual stereotypical pictures of masculinity and femininity and (ii) the specific norms of scientific disciplines and structures. These individual gendered constructions of independence might give space to gender bias in the assessment of independence and thus of excellence.
Are Soft Legal Measures in Circular Economy Action Plans Enough to Permeate EU Strong Economic Core Regulations Bringing Systemic Sustainable Change?
Authors: Nogueira Alba 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This paper provides a legal assessment of the EU circular economy action plans [2015, 2020] to determine whether their implementation aims at transformative change or is embedded in the prevailing neoliberal ideology. Measures intended to promote the circular economy (CE) are classified according to their public or private nature, the degree of public or private intervention (command and control, economic instruments, information, self-control). It also analyzes how core EU economic policies shield a narrow, technocratic conception of the CE.
Food-Energy Integration in Primary Production and Food Processing Results in a More Equal Distribution of Economic Value Across Regional Food Systems: Nordic Case Study from Circular Perspective
Authors: Koppelmäki Kari , Hendriks Maartje , Helenius Juha , Kujala Susanna , Schulte Rogier P. O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCircular food systems have been proposed as an alternative to the current dominant linear food chain structures. Biomass production for food and energy and nutrient recycling have been defined as the most important elements of circular food systems. Thus far, the potential role of food processing as a large biomass and energy user has gained little attention in studies of the circular bioeconomy. In this study, we explore how compatible bioenergy production is with the energy consumption of regional food processing and how such integrated systems may impact on the economic value created in regional food systems. We applied the nested circularity framework to three contrasting regions to study from an economic perspective the economic value created in primary production, food processing, and bioenergy production. In addition to this, we also calculated the value of external nutrient and energy inputs used in food production. Our results showed how energy production from agricultural biomasses can provide enough energy for food processing on a regional scale, but that this would require integrating food processing with primary production. As a result of this integration, the economic value created in food processing decreased substantially in two of the case study regions, but in contrast, the value increased in the third case study region. We suggest that regionalized food processing is an integral element of circular food systems, as it plays an important role in closing local and regional cycles of nutrients, food, and energy.
Potential implications of biochar and compost on the stoichiometry-based assessments of soil enzyme activity in heavy metal-polluted soils
Authors: Zhao Keqi , Wang Nanyi , Jiang Shilin , Li Fanghong , Luo Shuang , Chen Anwei , Li Hui , Lin Xu , Zhang Jiachao , Zhang Lihua , Huang Hongli , Luo Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiochar and compost application in soil has been proved as an environmental management and soil remediation strategy for upgrading soil quality and growth-promoting soil microorganisms. A detailed examination of the fluctuations and stoichiometric interactions between β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP) after applying biochar and compost to the heavy metal soils was conducted in the paper. However, biochar stimulated the activity of AP and inhibited BG, NAG, and LAP. Compost and biochar-compost might strengthen BG, NAG, LAP, and AP activities. Redundancy analysis discovered that the crucial parameters that affected soil enzyme activity were TN, NO3−-N, and TP. However, the stoichiometric ratio of C/N, C/P, and N/P with the application of the biochar, compost, and biochar-compost could be changed. While alleviating the P-limitation in soils under Cu stress, biochar may also alleviate the C-limitation in soils under As, Cd, and Zn stress. Compost and biochar-compost application alleviated C-limitation in heavy-metal (Cu, As, Cd, and Zn) polluted soil. This work will help us further understand the stoichiometry and energy restrictions of biochar and compost on ecological functional enzymes.
The Role of Plants and Animals in the Termination of Three Buildings at the Spring Lake Tract Neighborhood, Cahokia
Authors: Baires Sarah E. , Baltus Melissa R. , Parker Kathryn , Kuehn Steven 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlants and animals play a vital role in the human experience, from providing basic sustenance to creating unique social practices that may govern familial, political, or religious experiences; reconstitute identities; or forge social relationships. In this article, we present analyses on the ethnobotanical and zoological remains recently recovered from the Spring Lake Tract, Cahokia, a neighborhood populated from approximately AD 900 to 1275. The assemblage represents a variety of plants and animals that demonstrate the diverse utility of the biota from the region. We conclude that this assemblage indicates that this neighborhood community participated in an array of practices not easily dichotomized into “ritual” or “domestic.” From the perspectives of “Place-Thought” and locality, we emphasize the agency of these entities (plant/animal/human) in the process of creating and sustaining this Cahokian neighborhood.
Orbit equivalence superrigidity for type III actions
Authors: VAES STEFAAN , VERJANS BRAM 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prove the first orbit equivalence superrigidity results for actions of type III$_\unicode{x3bb} $when$\unicode{x3bb} \neq 1$. These actions arise as skew products of actions of dense subgroups of$\operatorname {SL}(n,\mathbb {R})$on the sphere$S^{n-1}$and they can have any prescribed associated flow.
A history of Italy's health policy from the Republic to the new century
Authors: Giorgi Chiara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the development of Italian health policies in the post-Second World War period. Shortly after the setting up of the ‘Beveridge model’ and the creation of the British National Health Service, Italy also introduced a new approach to health, which became part of the Constitution. However, the implementation of the necessary reforms was delayed due to resistance from the country's institutions and government parties. The introduction of a radical health reform became possible only in 1978 through pressure generated from social conflicts, trade unions and left-wing parties. The implementation of the National Health Service encountered a number of obstacles due to the specific conditions of Italy, but also owing to changes at the international level. The neoliberal policies started in the 1980s introduced restrictions in health spending, the regionalisation and privatisation of services, and a new selective approach to health. In spite of these limitations and contradictions, the Italian healthcare system has been considerably successful, leading to strong improvements in health and to a life expectancy at birth among the longest in Europe. The recent developments – and the experience of the pandemic – confirm the important impact of a public, universal health service and, at the same time, the persistent policy efforts aimed at weakening its reach.
Federalism and the Academic Community: A Brief Survey
Authors: Stenberg Carl W. , Walker David B. 
Published: December 2022

No general consensus exists concerning the status of American State and local government and intergovernmental relations as fields within the discipline of political science. Any attempt to make such an evaluation by gauging the attention given to these subjects in colleges and universities should distinguish between the two basic roles of American higher educational institutions—research and teaching.Some observers have noted that in recent years political scientists have become increasingly interested in conducting research in American State and local government. As late as 1963, however, a large number of the members of the American Political Science Association responding to a questionnaire survey of trends in their discipline indicated that State and local government were areas in which the least significant work was being done. Yet, five years later, in a symposium on the advance of political science as a discipline, it was contended that:State and local politics as a field of political science is no longer a ‘lost world’ or the site of ‘Dullsville.’ Rather than being the laggard of the discipline that some political scientists perceive it to be, the study of state and local politics has reentered the mainstream of political research. Much of the work in political science which has influenced the drift of the profession has been within its domain.
Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptom severity during psychological therapy for common mental health problems
Authors: Skelton Megan , Carr Ewan , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Davies Molly R. , Goldsmith Kimberley A. , Hirsch Colette R. , Peel Alicia J. , Rayner Christopher , Rimes Katharine A. , Saunders Rob , Wingrove Janet , Breen Gerome , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is substantial variation in patient symptoms following psychological therapy for depression and anxiety. However, reliance on endpoint outcomes ignores additional interindividual variation during therapy. Knowing a patient's likely symptom trajectories could guide clinical decisions. We aimed to identify latent classes of patients with similar symptom trajectories over the course of psychological therapy and explore associations between baseline variables and trajectory class.MethodsPatients received high-intensity psychological treatment for common mental health problems at National Health Service Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in South London (N = 16 258). To identify trajectories, we performed growth mixture modelling of depression and anxiety symptoms over 11 sessions. We then ran multinomial regressions to identify baseline variables associated with trajectory class membership.ResultsTrajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were highly similar and best modelled by four classes. Three classes started with moderate-severe symptoms and showed (1) no change, (2) gradual improvement, and (3) fast improvement. A final class (4) showed initially mild symptoms and minimal improvement. Within the moderate-severe baseline symptom classes, patients in the two showing improvement as opposed to no change tended not to be prescribed psychotropic medication or report a disability and were in employment. Patients showing fast improvement additionally reported lower baseline functional impairment on average.ConclusionsMultiple trajectory classes of depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with baseline characteristics. Identifying the most likely trajectory for a patient at the start of treatment could inform decisions about the suitability and continuation of therapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
If You Must Give Them a Gift, Then Give Them the Gift of Nonexistence
Authors: Häyry Matti 
Published: December 2022

AbstractI present a qualified new defense of antinatalism. It is intended to empower potential parents who worry about their possible children’s life quality in a world threatened by environmental degradation, climate change, and the like. The main elements of the defense are an understanding of antinatalism’s historical nature and contemporary varieties, a positional theory of value based on Epicurean hedonism and Schopenhauerian pessimism, and a sensitive guide for reproductive decision-making in the light of different views on life’s value and risk-taking. My conclusion, main message, to the concerned would-be parents is threefold. If they believe that life’s ordinary frustrations can make it not worth living, they should not have children. If they believe that a noticeably low life quality makes it not worth living and that such life quality can be reasonably expected, they should not have children, either. If they believe that a noticeably low life quality is not reasonably to be expected or that the risk is worth taking, they can, in the light of their own values and beliefs, have children. The conclusion is supported by a combination of the extant arguments for reproductive abstinence, namely the arguments from consent, moral asymmetry, life quality, and risk.
COSUPPORT FOR COMPACTLY GENERATED TRIANGULATED CATEGORIES
Authors: YANG XIAOYAN 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe goal of the article is to better understand cosupport in triangulated categories since it is still quite mysterious. We study boundedness of local cohomology and local homology functors using Koszul objects, give some characterizations of cosupport, and get some results that, in special cases, recover and generalize the known results about the usual cosupport. Additionally, we include some computations of cosupport and provide a comparison of support and cosupport for cohomologically finite objects. Finally, we assign to any object of the category a subset of
$\mathrm {Spec}R$
, called the big cosupport, and study some of its properties.
A dual-material strategy for enhancing the temperature robustness of microwave resonant cavity
Authors: Fu Dongxu , Xiao Xia , Gu Linshuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResonant frequency varies significantly due to temperature changes for microwave resonant cavities. Hence, temperature robustness enhancement is of great importance. In this paper, a resonant cavity with enhanced temperature robustness is proposed by applying the dual-material strategy to the middle cavity. Compared to the single-material cavity, the dual-material cavity can demonstrate better temperature robustness with a decrease of 72.7% in the frequency shift over the temperature range of −20 to 80°C. Moreover, the |S11| < −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 6.3% (3.39–3.61 GHz) and the gain is 20.4 dBi at 3.5 GHz for the manufactured dual-material cavity, which are much better than those of the manufactured single-material cavity. Finally, an experiment is conducted to measure the resonant frequencies with the sample solution tube of the dual-material cavity filled with nothing or 30 mg/dl CuSO4 solution, the measured values are consistent with the simulated ones. The influence of temperature drift is significantly reduced, and the feasibility of the dual-material strategy is verified.
Assimilation of Aerosol Optical Depth Into the Warn‐on‐Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS‐Smoke)
Authors: Jones Thomas , Ahmadov Ravan , James Eric 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research extends the Warn‐on‐Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS‐Smoke) by adding the capability to assimilate aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Series‐R (GOES‐R) satellites. The WoFS is a rapidly cycling, ensemble‐based analysis and forecasting system designed to generate short term (0–3 hr) forecasts of high impact weather. WoFS‐Smoke provides short‐term forecasts of smoke aerosols injected into the atmosphere from ongoing wildfires. The vertically integrated concentration of smoke aerosols in the atmosphere can be estimated from satellite based AOD retrievals. To assimilate AOD into WoFS‐Smoke, a smoke control variable is added to the prognostic state that is updated during each assimilation cycle. Then, a forward operator is created to relate modeled smoke aerosols to AOD retrievals using a mathematical function developed for the smoke‐AOD conversion used by the High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh for Smoke. Finally, GOES‐R AOD retrievals are quality controlled and are assimilated at 15 min intervals. Comparing analyzed AOD with smoke and other atmospheric variables indicates that assimilating AOD not only directly impacts smoke aerosol concentration in the system, but also has indirect impacts on variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind. Results from two wildfire cases in Oklahoma and Arizona show that assimilating AOD substantially impacts the concentration and distribution of smoke aerosols in the system. Forecast verification against satellite and surface observations indicates the overall impact of assimilating AOD in WoFS‐Smoke can improve forecast skill of smoke and the surrounding environment.
Benchmarking of Machine Learning Ocean Subgrid Parameterizations in an Idealized Model
Authors: Ross Andrew , Li Ziwei , Perezhogin Pavel , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos , Zanna Laure 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, a growing number of studies have used machine learning (ML) models to parameterize computationally intensive subgrid‐scale processes in ocean models. Such studies typically train ML models with filtered and coarse‐grained high‐resolution data and evaluate their predictive performance offline, before implementing them in a coarse resolution model and assessing their online performance. In this work, we systematically benchmark the online performance of such models, their generalization to domains not encountered during training, and their sensitivity to data set design choices. We apply this proposed framework to compare a large number of physical and neural network (NN)‐based parameterizations. We find that the choice of filtering and coarse‐graining operator is particularly critical and this choice should be guided by the application. We also show that all of our physics‐constrained NNs are stable and perform well when implemented online, but generalize poorly to new regimes. To improve generalization and also interpretability, we propose a novel equation‐discovery approach combining linear regression and genetic programming with spatial derivatives. We find this approach performs on par with neural networks on the training domain but generalizes better beyond it. We release code and data to reproduce our results and provide the research community with easy‐to‐use resources to develop and evaluate additional parameterizations.