bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATES IN FETAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Kobayashi Masanao , Nishihara Yusei , Haba Tomonobu , Matsunaga Yuta , Minami Kazuyuki , Asada Yasuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During fetal computed tomography (CT) imaging, because of differences in the pregnancy period and scanning conditions, different doses of radiation are absorbed by the fetus. We propose a correction coefficient for determining the fetal size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) from the CT dose index (CTDI) displayed on the console at tube voltages of 80–135 kVp. The CTDIs corresponding to pregnant women and fetuses were evaluated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and the ratio of these CTDIs was defined as the Fetus-factor. When the effective diameter of a fetus was approximately 10 cm, the Fetus-factor was 1.0. The estimated pregnant SSDE was multiplied by the Fetus-factor to estimate the fetal SSDE, which was compared with the fetal dose obtained by the MC simulation of the image of the fetal CT examination. The fetal dose could be estimated with an error of 31.5% in fetal examinations conducted using helical CT.
Effect of Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping on Hemodynamic Instability in Preterm Neonates below 35 Weeks
Authors: Tewari Vishal Vishnu , Saurabh Sumeet , Tewari Dhruv , Gaurav Kumar , Kunwar Bishwo Raj Bahadur , Khashoo Rishabh , Tiwari Neha , Yadav Lakshmi , Bharti Urmila , Vardhan Shakti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Delaying umbilical cord clamping facilitates postnatal transition in neonates but evidence on its effect in reducing hemodynamic instability in preterm neonates is inconclusive.

Aims
To evaluate delayed cord clamping (DCC) in reducing the incidence of hemodynamic instability in preterm neonates below 35 weeks gestational age admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods
Neonates between 25 weeks and 34 weeks and 6 days gestation were enrolled. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were monitored over 48 h. Hemodynamic instability was defined as persistent tachycardia and/or hypotension necessitating therapy.

Results
The DCC cohort included 62 neonates with an equal number in the non-DCC group. The birth weight [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] was 1332.90 ± 390.05 g and the gestational age (mean ± SD) was 31.64 ± 2.52 weeks. Hemodynamic instability was noted in 18/62 (29%) neonates in the DCC cohort and 29/62 (46.7%) in the non-DCC group; relative risk (RR) 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.99] (p = 0.023). The duration of inotrope requirement in the DCC cohort (mean ± SD) was 38.38 ± 16.99 h compared to 49.13 ± 22.90 h in the non-DCC cohort (p = 0.090). Significantly higher systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were noted from 6 h to 48 h in the DCC cohort (p &lt; 0.001). The severity of respiratory distress and FiO2 requirement was also less in the first 24 h. There was no difference in the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, late-onset sepsis or mortality.

Conclusion
Delaying umbilical cord clamping at birth by 60 s resulted in significantly lower hemodynamic instability in the first 48 h and higher blood pressure parameters.
Subtlety of Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides: A Retrospective Case Series Study and Proposal of Helpful Multimodal Diagnostic Approach With Literature Review
Authors: Lenskaya Volha , de Moll Ellen H. , Hussein Shafinaz , Phelps Robert G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Granulomatous mycosis fungoides (GMF) harbors a worse prognosis compared with classic MF and remains a significant diagnostic dilemma. We analyzed clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics of GMF to develop a diagnostic algorithm. Our methodology involved a retrospective case series study of patients with GMF from our database between 2014 and 2020. A total of 8 patients with 9 biopsies of GMF were identified. Skin manifestations had variable clinical phenotype. Histologically, all cases demonstrated atypical CD4+ T-cell infiltrate with scant in 50% (n = 4), focal 37.5% (n = 3), and absent 25% (n = 2) epidermotropism. Granuloma formation was seen in 77.8% biopsies (n = 7) with sarcoid-type granulomas in 57.1% (n = 4) and granuloma annulare-like type in 42.9% (n = 3). In 66.7% of biopsies (n = 6), the CD4:CD8 ratio was >4:1 and 66.6% (n = 6) of biopsies showed ≥50% loss of CD7 expression. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies performed on biopsy sections were positive in all biopsies (n = 6), whereas peripheral blood T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies did not identify clonality. In conclusion, GMF has subtle or absent epidermotropism and variable granulomatous reaction; thus, the diagnosis requires a multimodal approach, and our proposed algorithm provides a framework to approach this diagnostic challenge.
Combining Urinary Biomarker Data From Studies With Different Measures of Urinary Dilution
Authors: Kuiper Jordan R. , O’Brien Katie M. , Welch Barrett M. , Barrett Emily S. , Nguyen Ruby H. N. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Milne Ginger L. , Swan Shanna H. , Ferguson Kelly K. , Buckley Jessie P. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Guidance is lacking for how to combine urinary biomarker data across studies that use different measures of urinary dilution, that is, creatinine or specific gravity.

Methods:
Among 741 pregnant participants from four sites of The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES) cohort, we assessed the relation of maternal urinary di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) concentrations with preterm birth. We compared scenarios in which all sites measured either urinary creatinine or specific gravity, or where measure of dilution differed by site. In addition to a scenario with no dilution adjustment, we applied and compared three dilution-adjustment approaches: a standard regression-based approach for creatinine, a standard approach for specific gravity (Boeniger method), and a more recently developed approach that has been applied to both (covariate-adjusted standardization method). For each scenario and dilution-adjustment method, we estimated the association between a doubling in the molar sum of DEHP (∑DEHP) and odds of preterm birth using logistic regression.

Results:
All dilution-adjustment approaches yielded comparable associations (odds ratio [OR]) that were larger in magnitude than when we did not perform dilution adjustment. A doubling of ∑DEHP was associated with 9% greater odds of preterm birth (OR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91, 1.30) when applying no dilution-adjustment method, whereas dilution-adjusted point estimates were higher, and similar across all scenarios and methods: 1.13–1.20 (regression-based), 1.15–1.18 (Boeniger), and 1.14–1.21 (covariate-adjusted standardization).

Conclusions:
In our applied example, we demonstrate that it is possible and straightforward to combine urinary biomarker data across studies when measures of dilution differ.
Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: expanding the spectrum of an old disease
Authors: Magrey Marina , Schwartzman Sergio , de Peyrecave Natasha , Sloan Victor S. , Stark Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) represents a distinct phenotype within the spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), which is characterized by a range of clinical manifestations. Despite a high disease burden that is comparable to ankylosing spondylitis (also known as radiographic axSpA), there is an unmet need to recognize and effectively manage patients with active nr-axSpA.
A targeted literature search was conducted in OVID (MEDLINE and Embase databases) to identify articles on nr-axSpA, including its definition, demographics, epidemiology, burden, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment guidelines.
The lack of adequate epidemiological data and incomplete understanding of nr-axSpA among rheumatologists and nonrheumatologists contributes to delayed referrals and diagnosis. This delay results in a substantial burden on patients, physically and psychologically, and the healthcare system. Targeted therapies, such as biologics, including inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-17A, have been approved and utilized for the management of nr-axSpA, and other novel therapeutics with different mechanisms of action are in development. Raising awareness among US internists regarding the prevalence of nr-axSpA, disease burden, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and available treatments is important for improved disease management.
Future clinical investigations focusing on the development of markers that aid early diagnosis and predict treatment response may also improve the management of nr-axSpA. This review provides an overview of nr-axSpA with the aim of raising awareness of the disease among US internists, with an overarching goal to contribute toward the improved recognition and timely referral of these patients to rheumatologists for diagnosis and management.
Pharmacological Management of Primary Arterial Hypertension: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine
Authors: Manu Peter , Rogozea Liliana M. , Ivanescu-Lint Andreea , Dan Gheorghe Andrei 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Advances in drug therapy for primary (or essential) arterial hypertension have contributed to a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of strokes, coronary artery disease and heart failure, and chronic renal insufficiency.

Study Question:
What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of arterial hypertension in the past century?

Study Design:
To determine the changes in the experts' approach to the management of arterial hypertension, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States.

Data Sources:
The chapters presenting the management of arterial hypertension in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020.

Results:
The pharmacological management of arterial hypertension has had 3 overlapping eras in the timeframe subject to our investigation. In the empiric era (1927–1947), experts were recommending nonspecific interventions for sedation. The premodern era (1955–1963) relied on ganglion blockers, sympathetic blockers, and direct vasodilators. The modern era (1967–2020), which includes drugs used in current clinical practice, saw the introduction of diuretics (1967), beta-blockers (1971), alpha-blockers (1982), calcium channel blockers (1985), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (1985), angiotensin receptor blockers (2000), and direct renin inhibitors (2008).

Conclusions:
The pharmacological management of arterial hypertension has been the focus of intense and successful research and development in the second half of the 20th century.
Provision of Electroconvulsive Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos , Sartorius Alexander , Grözinger Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a marked impact on psychiatry. Capacity reductions also affected electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), even though ECT is an essential rather than an elective procedure. We sent a survey to all 197 clinics in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland with an ECT service between March and May 2021 to provide an overview of the changes made to ECT services in these countries during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. More than a quarter of the clinics (27.0%) reported a temporary suspension of all ECT treatments, and 28.2% of the clinics reported reductions of up to 75%. Maintenance ECT was suspended in 46.7% of the clinics and reduced by up to 75% in 30.6% of the clinics. At the time of the survey, 40.8% of the clinics still reported lower numbers of ECT treatments compared with the prepandemic situation. Reasons for the reduced number of ECT treatments included patient safety and testing measures, personnel shortages in the anesthesiology departments, and limited availability of rooms. The COVID-19 pandemic had and continues to have a marked negative impact on the provision of ECT in clinics in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. To avoid negative consequences for patients, ECT clinics should urgently take steps to provide ECT services without disruptions.
Electroconvulsive Therapy for Unipolar Depression in Older Adults
Authors: Morcos Nicholas , Strominger Julie 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective procedure in unipolar depression in older adults; however, less is known about clinical features and trajectories among patients who do not respond. In this retrospective, naturalistic study, we examine characteristics associated with ECT response among older adults with unipolar depression who received ECT over an 8-year period and describe long-term outcomes for nonresponders.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients 65 years or older with major depressive disorder who were treated with ECT during an 8-year period. We reviewed demographic and clinical factors among patients who responded to ECT and those who did not. Clinic notes were reviewed for ECT nonresponders to determine Clinical Global Impressions scores in the 24 months after ECT treatment.

Results
We identified 140 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Most patients (65%) responded to ECT. Fewer previous antidepressant trials, lower baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, and lower baseline Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores were associated with an increased likelihood of ECT response. Among the 49 (35%) nonresponders, another 12 (24.5%) responded to a variety of treatments within 2 years after ECT. There were no serious adverse effects of treatment.

Conclusions
Most patients responded to ECT, many of whom had severe illness that had been refractory to numerous medication trials. Among nonresponders, a subset improved over time through a variety of treatments. However, most patients who did not respond to ECT had persistent depression after 2 years.
Preliminary Assessment of Pre–Electroconvulsive Therapy Evaluation Practices in European Countries
Authors: Medved Sara , Žaja Nikola , Gazdag Gabor , Lengvenyte Aiste , Mörkl Sabrina , Mucci Federico , Ristić Ivan , Jerotić Stefan , Regente Johannes Frederik , Ivanović Iva , Purišić Anela , Sasvary Ferdinand , Sivasanker Vimal , Ziblak Alper , Lookene Margus , Sienaert Pascal , Szczegielniak Anna , Trančik Pavel , Bećirović Elvir , Koutsomitros Theodoros , Grech Giovanni , Tapoi Cristiana , Radmanović Branimir , Ströhle Andreas , Bajs Janović Maja , Sartorius Norman 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Pre–electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) evaluation is an essential part of ECT preparation, a standard treatment in the psychiatric field. However, no routine pre-ECT evaluation has been published so far. This preliminary study aimed to explore different practices in pre-ECT evaluation across European countries.

Methods
The data were collected as a snowball sample approach using an online survey from September 2019 to April 2020. The final analysis included data from 18 clinics placed in 16 European countries.

Results
Regulations on the pre-ECT evaluation were found in 9 countries. All clinics reported doing complete blood count, serum electrolytes, and renal function analysis as a part of regular laboratory testing, alongside with a cardiovascular assessment. Ten clinics reported using psychiatric scales. Six clinics reported doing a cognitive assessment, of which all had regulations on the pre-ECT evaluation. Not one evaluation had the same sets of procedures and diagnostics.

Conclusions
The differences in assessment approaches mirror high variability of the pre-ECT evaluation practice across Europe. Cognitive assessment and objectification of psychiatric symptoms should be a regular part of the pre-ECT evaluation because of the monitoring of the most common adverse effect and observing the clinical response to ECT. Standardization of the pre-ECT evaluation and ECT in general would remove criticisms and opposition to the treatment, make it based on the best of our knowledge, and provide a method respectful of patients' best interests and rights.
Multiyear Evaluation of Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy in an Adult With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Catatonia, and Challenging Behavior
Authors: Bird Frank , Shah Ruchi , Williams Stacey , Shlesinger Andrew , Luiselli James K. , Wachtel Lee E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report the case of a 30-year-old man diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) over a 4-year period to treat catatonia associated with life-threatening self-injury, aggression, major depression, and associated self-care, daily living, and communication skills deficits. A systematic schedule of maintenance ECT (m-ECT) was associated with elimination of challenging behavior, catatonic and depressive symptom remission, removal of protective equipment, and reduced dosages of psychotropic medications.
Not another team assignment! Student perceptions towards teamwork at university management programs
Authors: Ramdeo Shalini , Balwant Paul , Fraser Simon Harold 
Published: April 2022

PurposeAs group work is becoming more common in the classroom, teamwork as an andragogical tool continues to be problematic for students in management programs. The purpose of this paper is to determine how university students perceive teamwork and to identify teamwork problems along with potential solutions.Design/methodology/approachA triangulation mixed-methods approach was used. In study 1, qualitative data were gathered from a focus group comprising nine students. In study 2, quantitative data were gathered from an online survey completed by 127 students.FindingsThe data were analyzed using content analysis and ordinary least squares regression. The results indicated that free-rider experiences and peer evaluation are two key areas in determining dissatisfaction with teamwork. Teamwork challenges may be addressed via knowledgeable team leaders who balance task and relationship styles, equitable workloads, smaller team sizes, anonymous peer evaluations and the effective use of technology.Practical implicationsThe findings are valuable to educators at tertiary-level institutions who utilize teamwork as an andragogical tool.Originality/valueThis study was designed to deepen understanding of university students' dissatisfaction with teamwork in Trinidad and Tobago and provide andragogical improvements that can be implemented to enhance the students' teamwork experience.
Contemporary leadership in hospitality: a review and research agenda
Authors: Huertas-Valdivia Irene , González-Torres Thais , Nájera-Sánchez Juan-José 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comprehensive, structured, objective bibliometric review of the main leadership styles investigated in the hospitality industry from 1977 to 2021 (September) and depicts this field’s conceptual structure.Design/methodology/approachBibliometric analysis techniques such as bibliographic coupling were used using several software applications (VOSviewer, BibExcel and Pajek, among others) to identify trends and research gaps in this literature. The paper provides an overview of the evolution of research activity on different leadership styles that yields important insights into research trends, most-researched themes, main authors and key journals.FindingsA total of 287 publications on leadership from the Web of Science and Scopus databases were summarized. The number of studies on leadership has been growing since 2013, evincing persistent interest in the topic. Eleven main streams of leadership research in the hospitality literature were detected and characterized, with transformational and servant leadership emerging as the most common approaches. Possible evolution of the topics and future research lines were also identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings can guide practitioners and scholars to further explore and implement emerging leadership styles in the hospitality sector. The paper also presents future research avenues to advance the field of leadership.Originality/valueThe current review provides a valuable framework for examining key leadership styles, understanding the most-researched styles and illustrating leadership's critical role in organizational and individual outcomes in hospitality businesses.
Restaurant frontline employees’ turnover intentions: three-way interactions between job stress, fear of COVID-19, and resilience
Authors: Chen Han , Qi Rui 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic intensifies the high turnover rate in the restaurant industry. Applying the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to examine the factors influencing US restaurant frontline employees’ organizational and occupational turnover intention with an emphasis on the three-way interactions between job stress, fear of COVID-19 (FC) and resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 243 US restaurant frontline employees participated in this study. PROCESS macro was used for hypothesis testing.

Findings
Organizational turnover intention fully mediated the relationship between job stress and restaurant employees’ occupational turnover intention. FC intensified the positive relationship between job stress and organizational turnover intentions. Job stress, FC and resilience interacted to affect restaurant frontline employees’ organizational turnover intention such that when resilience is high, FC strengthened the positive relationship between job stress and organizational turnover intention, and the indirect effect of job stress on occupational turnover intention via organizational turnover intention.

Practical implications
Restaurants should take measures to reduce frontline employees’ fear and continue implementing practices to alleviate job stress during a crisis to reduce employees’ turnover intentions. Training on building employee resilience could also be provided by restaurant operators.

Originality/value
This study added to the limited knowledge of factors that are associated with restaurant employees’ organizational and occupational turnover intentions in the context of a global crisis and expanded the current knowledge of how fear and resilience may impact restaurant employees’ behavioral intentions.
Evaluating hiring incentives: evidence from Italian firms
Authors: Brunetti Irene , Martino Enrica Maria , Ricci Andrea 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper analyses the effect of a particular Active Labour Market Policy, the hiring incentives, on firms hiring policies. The effects of a programme on firms' behaviour have in fact rarely been evaluated.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on micro-data drawn from Rilevazione su Imprese Lavoro (RIL), conducted by Inapp in 2010, 2015 and 2018 on a representative sample of limited liability and partnership firms. The authors apply a policy evaluation framework to investigate the impact of the use of incentives in the short run. The authors infer the counterfactual policy scenario thanks to a survey question that asks about firms' behaviour in the absence of the incentives. The authors also control for firms' unobserved heterogeneity, including firm's fixed effects, and endogeneity issues, estimating a differences-in-differences model that exploit the longitudinal component of the RIL survey.FindingsThe authors find that the use of at least one incentive scheme in 2017 is associated with an increase in the share of newly hired of about 0.07 percentage point in the short run. Moreover, hiring incentives have a small positive relationship with the share of both young workers and temporary contracts. Finally, these results are robust to endogeneity issues.Originality/valueThe analysis provides an updated evaluation of the effectiveness of hiring incentives in Italy by focusing on firms' behaviour rather than on the evolution of individual employment. It identifies the impact by using a rich set of econometric methods as well as counterfactual analysis.