bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis in healthcare workers during a pandemic: a model for a multi-centre international randomised controlled trial using Bayesian analyses
Authors: Bruce Pepa , Ainscough Kate , Hatter Lee , Braithwaite Irene , Berry Lindsay R. , Fitzgerald Mark , Hills Thomas , Brickell Kathy , Cosgrave David , Semprini Alex , Morpeth Susan , Berry Scott , Doran Peter , Young Paul , Beasley Richard , Nichol Alistair 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed the disproportionate effects of pandemics on frontline workers and the ethical imperative to provide effective prophylaxis. We present a model for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) that utilises Bayesian methods to rapidly determine the efficacy or futility of a prophylactic agent.

Methods
We initially planned to undertake a multicentre, phase III, parallel-group, open-label RCT, to determine if hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) taken once a week was effective in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in healthcare workers (HCW) aged ≥ 18 years in New Zealand (NZ) and Ireland. Participants were to be randomised 2:1 to either HCQ (800 mg stat then 400 mg weekly) or no prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was time to Nucleic Acid Amplification Test-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcome variables included mortality, hospitalisation, intensive care unit admissions and length of mechanical ventilation.
The trial had no fixed sample size or duration of intervention. Bayesian adaptive analyses were planned to occur fortnightly, commencing with a weakly informative prior for the no prophylaxis group hazard rate and a moderately informative prior on the intervention log hazard ratio centred on ‘no effect’. Stopping for expected success would be executed if the intervention had a greater than 0.975 posterior probability of reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by more than 10%. Final success would be declared if, after completion of 8 weeks of follow-up (reflecting the long half-life of HCQ), the prophylaxis had at least a 0.95 posterior probability of reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by more than 10%. Futility would be declared if HCQ was shown to have less than a 0.10 posterior probability of reducing acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by more than 20%.

Discussion
This study did not begin recruitment due to the marked reduction in COVID-19 cases in NZ and concerns regarding the efficacy and risks of HCQ treatment in COVID-19. Nonetheless, the model presented can be easily adapted for other potential prophylactic agents and pathogens, and pre-established collaborative models like this should be shared and incorporated into future pandemic preparedness planning.

Trial registration
The decision not to proceed with the study was made before trial registration occurred.
Effect of the e-flipped learning approach on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behaviour of medical educators
Authors: Kian Laleh , Zarifsanaiey Nahid , karimian Zahra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, investigate the effect of the e-flipped learning approach on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behaviour of medical educators.

Results
This interventional study was conducted on 140 eligible medical educators at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) from 2019 to 2021. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed to assess the impact of the course on three levels of reaction, knowledge, and perceived behaviour using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. According to the findings, the average reaction and knowledge scores are higher than the desired level, but the perceived behaviour score is slightly lower than the desired level. The e-flipped learning approach can improve medical educators’ knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding online teaching.
Hearing loss and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wagatsuma Yukiko , Daimaru Kaori , Deng Shiqi , Chen Jou-Yin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hearing loss is an important public health problem. Its causes vary, including infections, noise, and aging. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in April 2020 in Japan. During the pandemic, people were urged to stay at home and drastically changed their lifestyles. This study aimed to examine hearing loss before and during the pandemic. The prevalence during the pandemic after April 2020 was compared for the period in 2019. Study subjects were those who received health checkups in both periods. Hearing loss was defined as a hearing threshold of > 30 dB at 1 kHz and > 40 dB at 4 kHz in either ear using pure-tone audiometry.

Results
A total of 2367 persons presented in both 2019 and 2020. The overall rates of hearing loss were 9.5% and 13.2% before and after the pandemic, respectively. After controlling for age, sex, current smoking, regular exercise and alcohol consumption, the rate of hearing loss showed a significant increase in 2020 (p =  < 0.0001). With age stratification, an increase was observed in the participants aged < 40 years (1.3% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001) and 40–59 years (7.2% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001). Further studies are needed to confirm the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hearing loss.
Effects of soy protein isolate and soy peptide preload on gastric emptying rate and postprandial glycemic control in healthy humans
Authors: Ueoka Hatsumi , Fukuba Yoshiyuki , Yamaoka Endo Masako , Kobayashi Toshio , Hamada Hironobu , Kashima Hideaki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aims to compare the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy peptide (PEP) preload 30 min before a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on the gastric emptying rate, plasma insulin, and blood glucose responses.

Methods
Nine healthy young subjects were evaluated on four occasions. The participants consumed a 200-ml solution containing either 20 g of SPI or PEP in experiment 1. In experiment 2, 30 min after consuming either 20 g of SPI or PEP solutions, an OGTT was performed to evaluate the individual glycemic response. The gastric emptying rate was measured by the 13C-sodium acetate breath test. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured before and after consuming either the SPI or PEP solutions and during the OGTT.

Results
In experiment 1, plasma insulin levels were higher 30 min after consuming the PEP solution than after the SPI solution. PEP resulted in a faster gastric emptying rate than SPI. In experiment 2, just before performing the OGTT, the plasma insulin response was higher for PEP than for SPI. Fifteen minutes after starting the OGTT, the blood glucose response was lower after consuming PEP than after SPI. The gastric emptying rate tended to be faster after consuming PEP than after SPI (p = 0.08).

Conclusion
A PEP preload might be slightly more effective for the suppression of postprandial blood glucose excursion compared with SPI; thus, a PEP preload potentially induces an enhanced insulin response just before the OGTT.
Epidemiological characteristics of different patterns of obesity among adults in rural communities of south-east Nigeria: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayogu Rufina N. B. , Ezeh Mmesoma G. , Udenta Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a complex disease characterised by excess fat accumulation and health risks. There is paucity of data on epidemiology of obesity patterns among adults in rural Nigeria. This study aimed to provide current data on the prevalence and predictors of three patterns of obesity (abdominal obesity alone, general obesity alone and a combination of both) among adults in three rural communities of Enugu State, South-east Nigeria to enhance specific obesity prevention and control programmes/interventions.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study involved 500 adults selected through a six-stage random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-economic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured by standard procedures. Body mass index was used to assess general obesity while abdominal obesity was assessed through waist circumference. Each respondent was classified under only one of the three patterns: general obesity alone, abdominal obesity alone and combined obesity. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the predictors. Significance was set P<0.05.

Results
Prevalence of abdominal obesity alone was 6.0%. General obesity alone was found among 31.4% and 45.6% were affected by combined obesity. Being a female (AOR:0.35, 95% C.I.: 0.14, 0.88) and not skipping meals (AOR:0.24, 95% C.I.: 0.10, 0.55) were associated with less likelihood of abdominal obesity but ≥3 times daily meal intake increased the risk by 2.52 (AOR:2.52, 95% C.I.:1.10, 5.75). Predictors of general obesity alone were age 41-60 years (AOR:1.84, 95% C.I.:1.14, 2.97), being a female (AOR:7.65, 95% C.I.:4.77, 12.26) and having any form of formal education (AOR:2.55, 95% C.I.:1.10, 5.91). Combined obesity was less likely among 41-60 year-olds (AOR:0.36, 95% C.I.:0.23, 0.56) and females (AOR:0.21, 95% C.I.:0.13, 0.32). Never married (AOR:1.94, 95% C.I.:1.03, 3.67) and vigorous physical activities (AOR:1.81, 95% C.I.:1.08, 3.02) increased the risk of combined obesity by almost 2.

Conclusions
Prevalence of abdominal obesity alone, general obesity alone and combined obesity were high. They were functions of age, sex, never married, having any form of formal education, skipping meals, ≥3 daily meal intake and self-reported vigorous physical activity. Focused nutrition and health education are recommended strategies for prevention and control of obesity.
Livelihood first: guidelines and policies concerning ethnic trade in the early days of the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Fang Sumei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince its founding, the People’s Republic of China has been committed to promoting the development of ethnic minorities in all aspects, including officials training, governance building, economy and trade, culture, education and health care. Among them, ethnic trade, as an important component of economic work, was elevated to be as important as political work, which embodies the people-centered governance philosophy and the livelihood-oriented development philosophy of the Communist Party of China and the People’s Government of China. The four national ethnic trade conferences held in the 1950s formulated guidelines and policies that secured remarkable results in ethnic trade, which, to a large extent, guaranteed the production and supplies of consumption goods in ethnic areas, increased the income of ethnic minority people, and supported the national construction. It played an active role in eliminating ethnic estrangement and promoting ethnic unity, and effectively improved the identification of the ethnic minority people with the new country.
Barbershops as a setting for supporting men's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study from the UK
Authors: Ogborn Georgina , Bowden-Howe Cerys , Burd Patsy , Kleijn Maya , Michelson Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Background
Previous research has highlighted the need to promote help-seeking by men with mental health problems.

Aims
To investigate barbers’ views about offering mental health support for men in barbershops, with a specific focus on the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
We used a sequential mixed-methods qualitative design with online data collection. In Phase 1, 30 barbers in Southern England completed surveys exploring perceptions of their clients’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, experiences of informal supportive roles and scope for providing formal mental health support in barbershops. Phase 2 involved member validation interviews and explored practice implications with three Phase 1 respondents.

Results
Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: ‘more than a haircut’ (describing how the physical and relational contexts of barbershops can offer a supportive environment for clients); ‘impacts of COVID-19’ (describing stressors related to the pandemic and implications for clients’ mental health and barber–client relationships); and ‘formal mental health strategies’ (describing opportunities for, and potential barriers to, formalising mental health support in barbershops).

Conclusions
Barbers were aware of their clients’ worsening mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Barbershops were generally considered to be a suitable setting in which to promote good mental health, monitor for signs of mental ill health and provide information about local mental health services. Future work is needed to co-produce and evaluate formal mental health promotion and prevention strategies in barbershops. Particular attention should be given to service innovations that preserve the credibility and trust that are fundamental to the barbershop experience for many males.
Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients With Lung Cancer After Primary Immunization and Booster: Reactivity to the SARS-CoV-2 WT Virus and Omicron Variant
Authors: Valanparambil Rajesh M. , Carlisle Jennifer , Linderman Susanne L. , Akthar Akil , Millett Ralph Linwood , Lai Lilin , Chang Andres , McCook-Veal Ashley A. , Switchenko Jeffrey , Nasti Tahseen H. , Saini Manpreet , Wieland Andreas , Manning Kelly E. , Ellis Madison , Moore Kathryn M. , Foster Stephanie L. , Floyd Katharine , Davis-Gardner Meredith E. , Edara Venkata-Viswanadh , Patel Mit , Steur Conor , Nooka Ajay K. , Green Felicia , Johns Margaret A. , O'Brein Fiona , Shanmugasundaram Uma , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , Ahmed Hasan , Nyhoff Lindsay E. , Mantus Grace , Garett Michael , Edupuganti Srilatha , Behra Madhusmita , Antia Rustom , Wrammert Jens , Suthar Mehul S. , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Ramalingam Suresh , Ahmed Rafi 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To examine COVID-19 mRNA vaccine–induced binding and neutralizing antibody responses in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to SARS-CoV-2 614D (wild type [WT]) strain and variants of concern after the primary 2-dose and booster vaccination. METHODS Eighty-two patients with NSCLC and 53 healthy volunteers who received SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were included in the study. Blood was collected longitudinally, and SARS-CoV-2–specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated by Meso Scale Discovery assay and live virus Focus Reduction Neutralization Assay, respectively. RESULTS A majority of patients with NSCLC generated binding and neutralizing antibody titers comparable with the healthy vaccinees after mRNA vaccination, but a subset of patients with NSCLC (25%) made poor responses, resulting in overall lower (six- to seven-fold) titers compared with the healthy cohort ( P = < .0001). Although patients age > 70 years had lower immunoglobulin G titers ( P = < .01), patients receiving programmed death-1 monotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both did not have a significant impact on the antibody response. Neutralizing antibody titers to the B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.351 (Beta), and in particular, B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants were significantly lower ( P = < .0001) compared with the 614D (WT) strain. Booster vaccination led to a significant increase ( P = .0001) in the binding and neutralizing antibody titers to the WT and Omicron variant. However, 2-4 months after the booster, we observed a five- to seven-fold decrease in neutralizing titers to WT and Omicron viruses. CONCLUSION A subset of patients with NSCLC responded poorly to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and had low neutralizing antibodies to the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. Booster vaccination increased binding and neutralizing antibody titers to Omicron, but antibody titers declined after 3 months. These data highlight the concern for patients with cancer given the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Design of an unclad single-mode fiber-optic biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance by using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 finite element method
Authors: Tariq Sara M. , Fakhri Makram A. , Salim Evan T. , Hashim U. , Alsultany Forat H. 
Published: June 2022

This study proposed an unclad optical fiber biosensor based on the localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon and operating at 650 nm using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 finite element method (FEM). Gold nanoparticles (50 nm thickness) were coated on the middle portion of the unclad fiber. Air, water, blood plasma, liver tissue, colon tissue, and pentanol (C5H11OH) were used as analytical layers with 3 µm. The sensor serves as a theoretical foundation for experimental research. The blood plasma had the highest sensitivity with a sensitivity of 10,638.297 nm/RIU and a resolution of 9.410-6RIU. The proposed sensor is a promising candidate for a low-cost, simple-geometry biochemical sensing solution.
Design of a vortex metalens with high focusing efficiency using propagation phase
Authors: Lv Shuyuan , Bai Yuchi , Luo Wenfeng , Meng Fei , Wang Rong 
Published: June 2022

Three vortex-focused beams are produced with linearly polarized light along the

x

or

y

axis at a wavelength of 1550 nm. First, a polarization-independent vortex metalens with a topological charge of three and focal length of 3000 nm is designed by selecting cylindrical-shaped elements. This design has a focusing efficiency of 83%. Second, vortex beams with different focal lengths and topological charges are achieved by combining various shapes of structures. Both designs have a focusing efficiency of greater than 92%. The designed metasurface is of great significance to optical communication and radar detection.
Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of sustained release oxycodone hydrochloride rectal administration for moderate to severe pain
Authors: Hou Xian Bing , Chen Dan Dan , Cheng Tong Fei , Wang Dan , Dai Xiao Jun , Wang Yao , Cui Bi Xian , Wang Yuan Yuan , Xu Hui , Chen Hong Zhou 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride (OxyContin) rectal administration in cancer pain patients. This is geared towards providing the research evidence for a novel route of OxyContin administration.

Methods
Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Moreover, unpublished academic data were obtained by contacting the colleague, professor, or Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The RCTs of transrectal Oxycodone administration of sustained-release tablets for moderate and severe pain patients were searched in the databases from inception to December 2020.

Results
According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 8 RCTs were included, with a total of 648 patients. Meta analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of moderate to severe pain control between the rectal administration group and the oral administration group (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.99–1.10, p = 0.13>0.05). At the same time, the incidence of adverse reactions in the rectal administration group was low. In terms of constipation, the rectal administration group was less than the oral administration group, with a statistically significant difference (RR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.31–0.58, p< 0.00001). In terms of nausea and vomiting, the rectal administration group was less than the oral administration group, and the difference was statistically significant(RR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.21–0.42, p<0.00001). In terms of sleepiness, there was no significant difference between the two groups(RR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.26–1.15, p = 0.11>0.05). In terms of dizziness, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (RR = 0.43, 95%CI:0.27–0.68, p = 0.31>0.05). In terms of dyuria, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (RR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.02–7.02, p = 0.51>0.05). In terms of KPS scores there was no significant difference was noted between the rectal and oral administration groups (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.89–1.21, p = 0.63>0.05).

Conclusion
In summary, we found no significant differences in efficacy between rectal administration of OxyContin and oral administration. Thus, rectal administration should be considered in managing cancer pain among patients with difficulty in oral OxyContin administration.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021209660.
Psychotherapeutic interventions for burns patients and the potential use with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis patients: A systematic integrative review
Authors: O’Reilly Pauline , Meskell Pauline , Whelan Barbara , Kennedy Catriona , Ramsay Bart , Coffey Alice , Fortune Donal G. , Walsh Sarah , Ingen-Housz-Oro Saskia , Bunker Christopher B. , Wilson Donna M. , Delaunois Isabelle , Dore Liz , Howard Siobhan , Ryan Sheila 
Published: June 2022

Background
The existing evidence demonstrates that survivors of SJS/TEN have reported long-lasting psychological effects of their condition. Burns patients experience similar psychological effects. It is important to look at ways to help allay the psychological complications of SJS/TEN. As there is an absence of evidence on SJS/TEN psychotherapeutic interventions, it was judged to be beneficial to determine the evidence underpinning psychotherapeutic interventions used with burns patients.

Aims and objectives
The aim of this systematic integrative review was to synthesize the evidence relating to psychotherapeutic interventions used with adult burns patients and patients with SJS/TEN.

Method
The systematic review was guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review process and the PRISMA guidelines. Nine databases were searched for English and French language papers published January 2008 to January 2021. The protocol for the review was registered with PROSPERO.

Results
Following a screening process, 17 studies were included in the review. Two themes were identified using content analysis, (i) Empirically supported psychotherapeutic treatments, (ii) Alternative psychotherapeutic treatments. This review revealed no evidence on specific psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with SJS/TEN. Some of the interventions used with burns patients, viz. relaxation therapy, hypnosis and cognitive behavioral therapy showed some significant benefits. However, the evidence for burns patients is mainly focused on pain and pain anxiety as outcomes.

Conclusion
Following further research, some of the interventions deployed in burns patients may be applicable to SJS/TEN patients, particularly stress reduction techniques. In addition, the caring behaviours such as compassion, respect, and getting to know the patient as a person are important components to psychological care.