bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPLC‐Based Automated Synthesis of Glycans in Solution
Authors: Escopy Samira , Singh Yashapal , Stine Keith J. , Demchenko Alexei V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs the 21st century unfolds with rapid changes, new challenges in research and development emerge. These new challenges prompted us to repurpose our HPLC−A platform that was previously used in solid phase glycan synthesis to a solution phase batch synthesis described herein. The modular character of HPLC allows for implementing new attachments. To enable sequential synthesis of multiple oligosaccharides with the single press of a button, we supplemented our system with a four‐way split valve and an automated fraction collector. This enabled the operator to load all reagents and all reactants in the autosampler, press the button to start the repetitive automation sequence, leave the lab, and upon return find products of multiple reactions ready for purification, analysis, and subsequent application.
Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of AlN Two‐Dimensional Monolayer: A Real‐Time First‐Principles Study
Authors: Choe Myong‐Il , Kim Kwang‐Hyon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials have recently attracted attention due to their unique physical properties and promising applications. This work reports the electronic, linear and second‐order nonlinear optical properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) monolayer by using a real‐time first‐principles approach based on Green's function theory. In this approach, quasi‐particle corrections, crystal local field effects, and excitonic contributions are considered for investigating the linear and nonlinear responses. As a two‐dimensional material with a wide direct gap of around 6.45 eV, the AlN monolayer exhibits strong resonances of absorption and second‐harmonic spectra in the ultraviolet range. In the transparent spectral range from blue to deep ultraviolet (2.8–5.3 eV), strong peaks of second‐order nonlinear susceptibility appear in the AlN monolayer with a large peak value of around 430 pm/V, which is one or two orders‐of‐magnitude larger than the nonlinear materials used in the ultraviolet range. The results presented in this work will find important applications for nonlinear imaging, spectroscopy, and nonlinear nanophotonics in the ultraviolet range.
Revealing the Reaction and Fading Mechanism of FeSe2 Cathodes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Tao Donggang , Chen Dong , Yang Hongkai , Xu Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) are advantageous large‐scale energy‐storage devices because of the high abundance and high safety, but exploring high‐performance cathodes remains the largest difficulty for their development. Compared with oxides and sulfides, selenides show better Mg‐storage performance because the weaker interaction with the Mg2+ cation favors fast kinetics. Herein, nanorod‐like FeSe2 was synthesized and investigated as a cathode for RMBs. Compared with microspheres and microparticles, nanorods exhibit higher capacity and better rate capability with a smaller particle size. The FeSe2 nanorods show a high capacity of 191 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a good rate performance of 39 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. Ex situ characterizations demonstrate the Mg2+ intercalation mechanism for FeSe2, and a slight conversion reaction occurs on the surface of the particles. The capacity fading is mainly because of the dissolution of Fe2+, which is caused by the reaction between Fe2+ and Cl− of the electrolyte during the charge process on the surface of the particles. The surface of FeSe2 is mainly selenium after long cycling, which may also dissolve in the electrolyte during cycling. The present work develops a new type of Mg2+ intercalation cathode for RMBs. More importantly, the fading mechanism revealed herein has considered the specificity of Mg battery electrolyte and would assist a better understanding of selenide cathodes for RMBs.
Single‐cell profiling‐guided combination therapy of c‐Fos and histone deacetylase inhibitors in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Luqiao , Wu Zijuan , Xia Yi , Lu Xueying , Li Ji , Fan Lei , Qiao Chun , Qiu Hairong , Gu Danling , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong , Jin Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been widely applied in multiple tumours, but the expected efficacy was not observed in DLBCL. Therefore, this study is aimed to explore superior HDACis and optimise a relative combinational therapeutic strategy.MethodsThe antitumour effects of the drug were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and apoptosis analysis. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) was used to analyse the intratumoural heterogeneity of DLBCL cells. Whole‐exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed to analyse the genetic and transcriptional features. Western blotting, qRT–PCR, protein array, immunohistochemistry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were applied to explore the involved pathways. The antitumour effects of the compounds were assessed using subcutaneous xenograft tumour models.ResultsLAQ824 was screened and confirmed to kill DLBCL cells effectively. Using scRNA‐Seq, we characterised the heterogeneity of DLBCL cells under different drug pressures, and c‐Fos was identified as a critical factor in the survival of residual tumour cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that combinatorial treatment with LAQ824 and a c‐Fos inhibitor more potently inhibited tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionAltogether, we found an HDACi, LAQ824, with high efficacy in DLBCL and provided a promising HDACi‐based combination therapy strategy.
Stability of drugs of abuse in synthetic oral fluid investigated using a simple “dilute and inject” method of analysis
Authors: Gavrilović Ivana , Musenga Alessandro , Wolff Kim , Woffendin Alison , Smart Andrew , Gong Fan , Harding Duncan , Cowan David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman oral fluid is well established as a matrix for drug screening, particularly in the workplace. The need to synthesise synthetic oral fluid (SOF) has been recognised in order to overcome human oral fluid's composition variability. We have used SOF spiked with six common drugs of abuse or their primary metabolites: morphine, amfetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, diazepam, and (−)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in order to assess the suitability of this matrix for quality assurance purposes. For confirmation of a drug screening test, controls and spiked standards are normally required. All our analytes were detected by LC–MS/MS using a quick and easy “dilute and inject” sample preparation approach as opposed to relatively slower solid‐phase extraction. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10 ng/ml for diazepam and THC and 5 ng/ml for morphine, amfetamine, benzoylecgonine and cocaine. Validation results showed good accuracy as well as inter‐ and intra‐assay precision (CV [%] < 5). Our work highlighted the importance of adding Tween® 20 to the SOF and calibrants to reduce losses when handling THC. Furthermore, drug stability was tested at various temperatures (5°C, 20°C and 40°C), for a number of days or after freeze–thaw cycles. Recommendations regarding storage are provided, the spiked SOF being stable at 5°C for up to 1 week without significant drug concentration loss.
DNAdamage in a Chilean population exposed to pesticides and its association withPON1(Q192RandL55M) susceptibility biomarker
Authors: Zúñiga‐Venegas Liliana , Pancetti Floria C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe active ingredients in pesticides are known to be genotoxic that can cause mutations, chromosomal aberrations, or other types of DNA damage. Early detection of genotoxicity reduces the risk of developing diseases such as cancer or suffering from reproductive disorders. In turn, the genotoxic risk depends on the intrinsic capability of the individual to metabolize and eliminate the xenobiotic from the organism. This study aimed to determine if two polymorphisms of paraoxonase‐1 (PON1), which is involved in the metabolism of several organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are predictors of susceptibility to DNA damage in agricultural workers and inhabitants of rural areas chronically exposed to pesticides. A cross‐sectional study was made considering three groups: agricultural workers (occupational exposure, OE,n = 85), rural inhabitants (environmental exposure, EE,n = 60), and an unexposed group conformed by people living far from agricultural areas (U,n = 33). The level of individual DNA damage was measured using the comet assay, and genotyping was done to determine the PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrilcholinesterase activities were also measured to determine exposure to OP. Individuals belonging to EE and OE groups displayed higher levels of DNA damage compared with U group (p < .001). OP exposure was the main predictor of genotoxicity (β = 16.19; 95% CI: 1.85, 30.52), instead of PON1 polymorphisms (β = −12.20; 95% CI: −27.87, 3.48). These results confirm the genotoxic effects of pesticide exposure and suggest that the catalytic efficiency of PON1 to metabolize OP pesticides becomes negligible in individuals with a history of long‐term environmental or occupational exposure to these substances.
Efficiency enhancement techniques of microwave and millimeter‐wave antennas for 5G communication: A survey
Authors: Nahar Tapan , Rawat Sanyog 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEfficiency is a critical antenna parameter that describes how well an antenna emits and accepts electromagnetic signals. When an antenna has poor efficiency, the input power is only partially radiated and is primarily wasted due to internal losses such as conduction, dielectric, mismatching, and several other losses within the antenna. In order to enhance signal quality, a communication system requires an antenna with high efficiency and gain. The fifth‐generation wireless system will use millimeter wave spectrum along with sub 1 GHz and sub 6 GHz bands to fulfill wide bandwidth, ultra‐high‐speed, and low latency requirements of 5G communication. Compact low‐profile antenna with high radiation efficiency, high gain, and wideband characteristics are required to support bandwidth requirements of 5G and mitigate the signal degradation due to high link losses caused by environmental absorptions at the millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) spectrum. Compact planar antennas have become an important part of modern wireless communication equipment, but these antennas are associated with many issues like low efficiency, poor gain, small radiation resistance, and high cross‐polarization, which is due to the increased conductor and dielectric losses, surface wave losses and so forth. Various techniques need to be employed for the improvement of the efficiency of the antenna, which results in high gain low loss antenna characteristics. This article presents the survey of various efficiency enhancement techniques for 5G antennas and a review of structures that provides good radiation efficiency for 5G communications.
Recovering High‐Quality Host Genomes from Gut Metagenomic Data through Genotype Imputation
Authors: Marcos Sofia , Parejo Melanie , Estonba Andone , Alberdi Antton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetagenomic datasets of host‐associated microbial communities often contain host DNA that is usually discarded because the amount of data is too low for accurate host genetic analyses. However, genotype imputation can be employed to reconstruct host genotypes if a reference panel is available. Here, the performance of a two‐step strategy is tested to impute genotypes from four types of reference panels built using different strategies to low‐depth host genome data (≈2× coverage) recovered from intestinal samples of two chicken genetic lines. First, imputation accuracy is evaluated in 12 samples for which both low‐ and high‐depth sequencing data are available, obtaining high imputation accuracies for all tested panels (>0.90). Second, the impact of reference panel choice in population genetics statistics on 100 chickens is assessed, all four panels yielding comparable results. In light of the observations, the feasibility and application of the applied imputation strategy are discussed for different species with regard to the host DNA proportion, genomic diversity, and availability of a reference panel. This method enables leveraging insofar discarded host DNA to get insights into the genetic structure of host populations, and in doing so, facilitates the implementation of hologenomic approaches that jointly analyze host and microbial genomic data.
Understanding links between maternal perinatal posttraumatic stress symptoms and infant socioemotional and physical health
Authors: Huffhines Lindsay , Coe Jesse L. , Busuito Alex , Seifer Ronald , Parade Stephanie H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with adverse consequences for older children, but very few studies have examined links between perinatal maternal PTSS and infant outcomes. Trauma exposure and psychopathology, including PTSS, is often heightened for women during pregnancy through 1 year postpartum. Therefore, the perinatal period may be a critical time for understanding the risk maternal PTSS and other mental health factors pose to the socioemotional and physical health of infants. The present study explored the relation between maternal PTSS and infant socioemotional and physical health problems in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse mother‐infant dyads (N = 295) assessed prenatally and at 12 months postpartum. This study also examined whether there are: (1) moderating effects of maternal depressive symptoms and parenting stress on these associations and (2) indirect effects of PTSS on infant outcomes through observed maternal sensitivity. Results indicated that postpartum depressive symptoms and parenting stress, rather than PTSS, were associated with greater infant socioemotional health problems. However, prenatal PTSS were associated with greater infant physical health problems when mothers also reported clinically significant levels of postpartum depressive symptoms. Maternal sensitivity was not associated with maternal PTSS, depressive symptoms, or parenting stress, nor was it related to infant socioemotional and physical health; thus, maternal sensitivity was not tested as an intermediary mechanism linking maternal mental health with infant outcomes. Implications for promoting maternal mental health in the perinatal period to bolster socioemotional and physical health of infants are discussed.
Premedicants in cats and dogs: which one should you choose and when?
Authors: Murrell Jo 
Published: May 2022

Background: Premedication is an integral part of any anaesthetic protocol and the drugs chosen for premedication will determine the characteristics of the ensuing anaesthetic. Choosing appropriate premedicant drugs for the individual patient is vital to ensure a smooth and stress‐free anaesthetic. Normally, a balanced premedication protocol involving both a sedative and a hypnotic is advocated. This allows the two key aims of premedication – sedation and analgesia – to be met. Synergistic sedation between most sedatives and opioids also means that combining these drugs allows lower doses of each individual agent to be used.Aim of the article: This article discusses how it is important to know the clinical pharmacology of the different drugs used for premedication in order to make a rational decision about premedicant selection. One way to think about premedicant selection is based on the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system of the cat or dog, whereby the health status of the individual is used to inform about suitable premedication protocols.
Providing critical care to sick tortoises
Authors: Brown Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Background: Tortoises, with their slow and unhurried reputation, might seem unlikely candidates for critical care and emergency treatment. Although they may present some challenges in recognising whether intensive or ‘critical’ care is indicated, by addressing first principles from other species and considering tortoises' ectothermic metabolism, simple supportive and monitoring techniques can markedly improve clinical outcomes.Aim of the article: This article discusses potential emergency presentations and effective clinical assessment of tortoises to determine when critical care is indicated. It also covers hospitalisation, supportive care and medical techniques for critical tortoise patients.
The transcription factor ZEB1 mediates the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer by promoting the transcription of CircANKRD17
Authors: Cai Wang , Zhang Qian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a key transcription factor that regulates the process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various tumors. However, its role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is far from understood. The present study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of action of ZEB1 in EOC. A quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to detect ZEB1 expression levels. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, transwell assays, and flow cytometry were used to verify the effects of ZEB1 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and EMT of EOC, respectively. RNA sequencing identified the effect of knocking down ZEB1 on circular RNAs in EOC cells. Dual‐luciferase activity assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were used to verify the regulatory effect of ZEB1 on the circular RNA ANKRD17 (CircANKRD17; ID: hsa_circ_0007883) at the transcriptional level. Higher ZEB1 expression was found in EOC tissues and cells and was closely related to tumor metastasis, advanced stages, and lower survival rates. Furthermore, silencing ZEB1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of EOC cells but enhanced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, knockdown of ZEB1 resulted in the greatest downregulation of CircANKRD17 in EOC cells, and ZEB1 significantly promoted the expression of CircANKRD17 and had no significant effect on ANKRD17 messenger RNA expression. Further experiments verified that ZEB1 mediates the regulation of EOC processes by CircANKRD17. Highly expressed ZEB1 promoted proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT while it inhibited cell apoptosis in EOC by promoting the transcription of CircANKRD17, providing a potential target for the treatment of EOC.
Adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells' acellular product extracellular vesicles as a potential therapy for Crohn's disease
Authors: Altemus Jessica , Dadgar Neda , Li Yan , Lightner Amy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe breakdown of gastrointestinal tract immune homeostasis leads to Crohn's disease (CD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating CD in clinical trials, but there is little known about the mechanism of healing. Considering the critical roles of macrophage polarization in CD and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, we sought to decipher the interaction between adipose‐derived MSCs and macrophages, including their cytokine production, regulation of differentiation, and pro‐/anti‐inflammatory function. RNA extraction and next generation sequencing was performed in adipose tissue from healthy control patients' mesentery (n = 3) and CD mesentery (n = 3). Infiltrated macrophage activation in the CD mesentery was tested, MSCs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated to compare the regulation of macrophage differentiation, cytokines production, and self‐renewal capacities in vitro. CD patients' mesentery has increased M1 macrophage polarization and elevated activation. MSCs and their derived EVs, isolated from inflamed Crohn's mesentery, leads to a rapid differentiation of monocytes to a M1‐like polarized phenotype. Conversely, MSCs and their derived EVs from healthy, non‐Crohn's patients results in monocyte polarization into a M2 phenotype; this is seen regardless of the adipose source of MSCs (subcutaneous fat, omentum, normal mesentery). EVs derived from MSCs have the ability to regulate macrophage differentiation. Healthy MSCs and their associated EVs have the ability to drive monocytes to a M2 subset, effectively reversing an inflammatory phenotype. This mechanism supports why MSCs may be an effective therapeutic in CD and highlights EVs as a novel therapeutic for further exploration.
Altered microbial resource limitation regulates soil organic carbon sequestration based on ecoenzyme stoichiometry under long‐term tillage systems
Authors: Song Xiaojun , Li Jingyu , Liu Xiaotong , Liang Guopeng , Li Shengping , Zhang Mengni , Zheng Fengjun , Wang Bisheng , Wu Xueping , Wu Huijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil microbial metabolism is critically important for regulating soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, how soil organic C (SOC) stock responds to the changes in microbial resource limitation and microbial C use efficiency (CUE) under long‐term tillage system remains uncertain. Soil samples were randomly collected from a long‐term (19 years) tillage experiment growing winter wheat with three treatments [i.e., moldboard‐plough without straw retention (MPN), no‐tillage with straw retention (NTS), and subsoiling with straw retention (SSS)] and an adjacent natural grassland (GRL) in 2018. We analyzed microbial resource limitation and CUE based on ecoenzyme stoichiometry. Results revealed that the reduction of soil bulk density and total dissolved nitrogen (N) resulted in an increased vector angle. Higher total dissolved N and lower vector length jointly led to higher CUE under long‐term conservation tillage practices (i.e., NTS and SSS). Notably, the higher CUE and soil available phosphorus as well as the lower N limitation both directly contributed explaining the increase in SOC stock under conservation tillage practices. Overall, long‐term conservation tillage practices could alleviate microbial resource limitation by enhancing available nutrients to promote SOC sequestration. Our study provides new knowledge to enhance the understanding of SOC stock regulated by microbial resource limitations and microbial C use efficiency.