bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unruptured aneurysm at bifurcation of super short middle cerebral artery mimicking duplicated middle cerebral artery aneurysm
Authors: Michiwaki Yuhei , Kawashima Masatou , Tanaka Tatsuya , Sashida Ryohei , Hirokawa Yu , Wakamiya Tomihiro , Shimoji Kazuaki , Suehiro Eiichi , Onoda Keisuke , Yamane Fumitaka , Matsuno Akira 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA) is a normal variation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and distinguishing DMCA from other arteries based only on the angiographical findings is sometimes difficult.

Case Description:
Preoperative angiography of a 60-year-old woman revealed two MCAs originating near the top of the right internal carotid artery and a 6-mm-sized aneurysm located between these two MCAs. The ipsilateral A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery was not visualized due to hypoplasia. The patient was diagnosed with an unruptured aneurysm at the bifurcation between MCA and DMCA, preoperatively. However, during clipping surgery, the hypoplastic A1 segment was observed at approximately 2 mm proximal to the bifurcation of the MCA, indicating that these two MCAs were not “true” MCA and DMCA, but rather two normal MCA trunks bifurcated from the very short prebifurcation segment of M1. This difference in interpretation was due to the fact that the hypoplastic A1 was not visualized on preoperative examinations. The patient was discharged following the surgery without any neurological deficits.

Conclusion:
The distinction between DMCA and MCA trunks from the very short prebifurcation segment of MCA might be difficult, especially when the ipsilateral A1 segment is hypoplastic. Such an M1 with a length of 2–3 mm might be named super short M1. Thus, it is necessary to confirm the anatomy during aneurysm surgery.
Optimisation of a Holographic Microscope for Microbial Study
Authors: Niraula Bimochan , Nadeau Jay 
Published: July 2022

Background: Tracking of microbial organisms over a volume requires images at multiple focal planes along the orthogonal direction. With most conventional microscopes, this requires repeated readjustments; using Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), it is possible to use a set of interference patterns to reconstruct at various distances, thereby creating a 3D stack based off a single image.
Methods: We used an off-axis Mach-Zehnder DHM for imaging and tracking bacterial movement. We describe the algorithm employed for tracking, as well as our improvement of trackability by testing differences in image contrast with the use of Quantum Dots.
Results: We show that the use of Quantum Dots resulted in an increase in contrast of approximately 11%.
Conclusion: We suggest this as a method of increasing resolvability of individual microbes. With a more compact design, the microscope will be applicable in various fields, and can be used remotely for studies of microbial organisms.
Force-fluctuation physics of confined DNA: probing the breakdown of the Marko-Siggia law
Authors: Riaz Haider , Klotz Alex R. , Reisner Dr. Walter W. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The study of polymers in nanofluidic systems such as nanopores and nanochannels is an important avenue of research in the physical and life sciences today. Complex nanofluidic devices containing varying topography are ideal for quantifying the behaviour of polymers under confinement. This study investigates the Marko-Siggia force-extension relationship under confinement. We measure the transverse fluctuations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) confined between two pits in a nanofluidic slit to measure the potential breakdown of this model.
Methods: We took images of fluorescently tagged single DNA molecules in the nanopit array with video- fluorescence microscopy and analyzed the standard deviation of the peak position along the direction of the molecular extension.
Results: We were able to measure the parabolic relation between position and the strength of transverse fluctuations. By examining the peak variance as a function of slit height, our results indicate that the two dimensional version of the force-fluctuation relationship may be appropriate in the limit of strong confinement. However, we could not consistently measure the absolute length of the DNA stretched between two pits, which prevented us from fully exploring the force-extension and force-fluctuation relationships of confined DNA.
Conclusions: These experiments further demonstrate that nanofluidic confinement serves as a useful tool for testing the extreme properties of polymers, and our results suggest further investigation into the breakdown of the Marko-Siggia force law.
Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS): a once obscure neurodegenerative disease with increasing significance for neurological research
Authors: Li Xinlu (Crystal) 
Published: July 2022

Background: Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a rare cerebellar ataxia occurring in the Charlevoix-Saguenay population in Quebec with high incidence as a result of founder effects. Following the discovery of the gene responsible for the disease, many other patient groups have been identified worldwide and the characterization of the gene product, sacsin, has unveiled similarities between the pathogenic mechanism of ARSACS and those of other major neurodegenerative disease.
Summary: The core symptoms of ARSACS consist of a triad of early-onset cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and spasticity, which is accounted by degeneration of Purkinje neurons. The gene responsible for the disease is located on chromosome 13q11 and encodes for the chaperone sacsin. Drp-1, a GTPase crucial for regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, has been identified as a potential substrate of sacsin, suggesting a link between the pathogenic mechanisms of ARSACS and prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.
Effects of Algan hemostatic agent foam in rat femoral artery injury model: A randomized animal trial
Authors: Şener Dila , Aydın Atakan , Cücü Ekin , Adademir Taylan , Türet Deniz Mukaddes , Karadağ Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Nowadays, many deaths are related to vessel injury-induced blood loss. Failure to control bleeding also increases the risk of death. This study aimed to investigate the hemostatic effects of the Algan Hemostatic Agent (AHA) foam application in a rat model in which severe femoral artery bleeding was induced.
Methods: Fourteen rats were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) control (physiological saline) (n = 7) and (2) AHA foam (n = 7). The left femoral artery of the rats was incised and when the bleeding started, and the area was pressed with another sponge for 10 s in all rats. Afterwards, physiological saline solution impregnated gauze or AHA foam was placed over same area. A chronometer was started and area was checked after 2 min. If no bleeding occurred during the first 2 min of application, it was recorded as “successful”. If bleeding occurred, the same procedure was repeated up to three times. If hemostasis could not be achieved even after the third application, it was considered a failure, and “failed” was recorded. All animals were sacrificed under high anesthesia for least 10 min after the experiment.
Results: Application of AHA resulted in complete (100%) control of bleeding in all rats within the first 2 min. In control group, hemostasis was achieved in 1 out of 7 (14.3%) rats by the third application. Failure was recorded for the remaining six rats. The hemostatic success rate of the AHA foam was significantly higher than the rates of control group (P = 0.005).
Conclusion: AHA foam is a very effective hemostatic agent and can be applied easily on vascular trauma models. Further studies are needed to elucidate hemostatic features of AHA.
Evaluation of hospitalized patients with a possible diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Korkmaz Derya , Konya Petek , Tünay Havva , Dilek Oğuzhan , Demirtürk Neşe 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: The definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 disease is made by demonstrating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples. In patients who present with COVID-19-like symptoms but are found to be PCR negative, lung tomography, physical examination, and specific laboratory findings can guide diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of patients who presented with Covid-19-like symptoms. but were found to be PCR negative.
Methods: This study was planned as a retrospective cohort study. Patients hospitalized in the pandemic service of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University between 19 March and 30 September 2020 - who were PCR negative and defined as possible cases through diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up guidelines of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, were included. Of these patients, those without radiological pulmonary involvement were defined as group A, and those with radiological pulmonary involvement were defined as group B. Clinical and laboratory findings of both groups were evaluated and compared.
Results: In the lung tomographic examination of 238 patients in the study, 16.4% in group A without radiological lung findings and 83.6% in group B with signs of inflammation were identified. While common complaints were high fever and diarrhea in group A, cough and shortness of breath were significantly higher in group B. The most common comorbidities in both groups were hypertension and diabetes, respectively, while hypertension was found to be significantly higher in group B. There was no mortality in any patient without lung involvement, but there was no significant difference between groups in terms of mortality.
Conclusion: These techniques can be used in PCR-negative patients presenting with COVID-19, for an estimation of patients with a severe prognosis with pulmonary tomography findings, symptoms, laboratory results, and accompanying disease at the time of admission. Determining parameters that identify at-risk patients during the early period may contribute to improving patient management and the appropriate use of limited resources.
Cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy in elderly: A dilemma
Authors: Baykan Ahmed Ramiz , Cerrah Serkan , Ogul Levent , Temiz Ayetullah , Kasap Elmas 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Although cholecystectomy is recommended by many guidelines after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for gallstones, the necessity of cholecystectomy in geriatric patients is a matter of debate. Here we compare the outcomes of new biliary events in cholecystectomized and non-cholecystectomized patients of geriatric age after ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis.
Methods: Non-cholecystectomized patients who underwent ERCP for choledocholithiasis from 2015 to 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients with other biliary pathologies, incomplete clearance of common bile duct stones, and those who could not be reached at follow-up were excluded from the study. Biliary events (cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, re-ERCP) were evaluated by considering age groups in patients with and without cholecystectomy in their follow-up after sphincterotomy.
Results: A total of 284 patients were followed for an average of 69.77 (0.2) months. The cumulative incidence of biliary events in cholecystectomized patients was lower (16% vs. 21.5%; P < 0.001), and cholecystectomized patients had a longer time to the occurrence of events (mean 74.49 [0.27] months vs. 73.50 [0.33] months; P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the frequency of biliary events between elderly patients with and without cholecystectomy (P = 0.81), and the cumulative incidence of biliary events in the in situ group was significantly lower than that in the geriatric group (17.5% vs 32.6%; P = 0.03)
Conclusion: Although cholecystectomy significantly reduces subsequent biliary complications in young patients, it does not provide a statistically significant benefit in geriatric patients. We believe that there may be no need for routine prophylactic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy in geriatric patients.
The role of immature granulocyte in the early prediction of gastrointestinal tract perforations
Authors: Durak Dogukan , Turhan Veysel Barış 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Gastrointestinal system (GIS) perforations cause acute abdomen an indication for emergency intervention. Early detection is very important in gastrointestinal perforations to prevent mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to examine whether immature granulocyte (IG) and IG percentages (IG%) can be used as a simple and easy marker for identifying gastrointestinal system perforations early on.
Methods: Between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2022, 120 patients who presented to Hitit University Erol Olçok Training and Research Hospital's emergency service and underwent surgery on by the General Surgery Clinic with the diagnosis of the acute abdomen were investigated. The patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 included those with peptic ulcers and bowel perforations. Group 2 was considered the control group. Of the 36 patients in group 2, 22 had acute appendicitis, 12 had ileus-related bridectomy or bowel resection, and two had acute cholecystitis. The common patient feature in this group was full-thickness or serosal iatrogenic bowel injury and repair. Pre-operative IG and IG% values were obtained from routine complete blood count values. IG and IG% values were compared between groups 1 and 2, and the predictive value of these biomarkers in the early diagnosis of GIS perforations was investigated.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.49 (19.58). The study consisted of 45 (37.5%) female patients and 75 (62.5%) male patients. Group 1 had 84 patients, whereas Group 2 had 36. When the two groups were evaluated, the IG value was higher in Group 1 (P < 0.001). In terms of the percentage value of immature granulocytes, a statistically significant difference was found between Groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.001). As a result, Group 1's IG and IG% values were much greater than those in Group 2.
Conclusion: IG and IG% values are inflammatory parameters that can be easily studied in routine hematology tests. According to this study, IG and IG% values were found to be higher in gastrointestinal tract perforations based on result blood tests taken at the time of admission to the emergency department.
Problem-based learning model implementation to improve students problem-solving skills
Authors: Waskita Nur Dalilatul Hayaro Indra , Setiawan Beni , Mahdiannur Muhamad Arif 
Published: July 2022

This research aims to improve students' problem-solving skills about additives in food and beverages. This study used one group pretest and posttest design. This study involved thirty-one students from grade 8 at one of the state junior high schools in Gresik Regency, East Java, for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. Data collection techniques using observation assessment sheets, written test assessment sheets, and response questionnaire forms. Based on this study, the results of the percentage of learning implementation of the first meeting of the first session were 91%, the first meeting of the second session was 94%, the second meeting of the first session was 92%, and the second meeting of the second session was 95% by meeting the excellent category. The problem-solving skills were obtained n-gain 0.78 high categories, including the stage of formulating the question 0.67 medium categories, the hypothesis 0.57 with the medium category, determining the solution obtained 0.83 with the high category. The calculation of n-gain in each stage obtained an average n-gain of 0.74 by fulfilling the high category—the response questionnaire form from students with a percentage with excellent categories and positive student responses. The results of this study show that implementing problem-based learning can improve problem-solving skills, especially additives in food and beverages.
ANALISIS IDENTIFIKASI BAHAYA KECELAKAAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) DENGAN PENDEKATAN HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) (STUDI KASUS PT. SMELTING PLAN REFINERY)
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Choirul , Nuruddin Moch. 
Published: July 2022

Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju dalam proses produksi mendorong dunia industri untuk semakin berkembang. PT Smelting Gresik adalah pabrik pengolahan bijih tembaga menjadi tembaga murni. Berlokasi di kabupaten Gresik Jawa Timur, memiliki tiga plan yaitu Acid plan, Smelter, dan Refinery. Dalam kegiatan operasionalnya pekerja Plat Mantenance,Cell, CWSM ( Catoda Washing Stripping Machine pada plan Refinery ini banyak berinteraksi dengan mesin, peralatan dan lingkungan kerja yang memiliki resiko kecelakaan sangat tinggi. Mendeteksi potensi bahaya kecelakaan kerja perlu adanya identifikasi bahaya dalam setiap aktivitas proses produksi, untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya dan menganalisa bahaya suatu pekerjaan diperlukan metode Job safety analysis (JSA). Untuk meminimalisasi potensi bahaya yang ada maka diperlukan identifikasi, penilaian dan pengendalian risiko (HIRARC-Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Dan Risk Control) sebagai salah satu langkah dalam manajemen risiko. Hasil pengamatan pada plan refinery dari 3 pekerjaan yaitu Plat Mantenance,Cell, CWSM ( Catoda Washing Stripping Machine. Terdapat 13 langkah kerja dengan 32 potensi kecelakaan kerja. Terdapat 1 kategori insignifican, 4 minor, 9 moderate, 16 major, dan 6 kategori catastrophic. Evaluasi risiko menggunakan pendekatan HIRARC menunjukkan tingkat level risiko dari 13 langkah kerja plan refinery pada pekerjaan Plat Mantenance,Cell, CWSM ( Catoda Washing Stripping Machine, terdapat 1 level low risk, 3 medium risk, 18 high risk, dan 16 risiko kerja dengan level extreme risk. Usulan pengendalian risiko dengan tindakan pencegahan yang tepat, menunjukkan solusi – solusi apa saja yang tepat untuk pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja, dan meminimalkan dampak dari proses pekerjaan plan refinery pengendalian risiko berupa alat pelindung diri (APD), tindakan pencegahan dan pelaksanaan program JSA
Analisis Triple Bottom Line Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process: Studi Kasus di Sebuah Perusahaan Circuit Breaker
Authors: Kusuma Shania Paramitha , Uook Seong 
Published: July 2022

<p><em>Sustainability in a company is the main component so that it can run in a long term of time. This also measures how a company can last and survive in a world of globalization where everything feels so fast. One of the systems to measure this competition using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) System. This system looks up to 3 aspects that have to be the main focus for the company there were economic, environment and social. This circuit breaker company wants to know if they were capable enough to implement a triple bottom line in their product type 1160. First of all, in order to implement this system, collect data from economic, environment and social aspect. After that, conduct an interview with managers of the company to ask about their view on implementing triple bottom line in economy, environment and social aspect. Next, is to process the data using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and give weight on each indicator or criteria that were chosen before and process matrix equation using microsoft excel. The result showed sequentially that circuit breaker company focusing on the social aspect with value 0.46, 0.36 on economic and 0.18 on environment aspect. It means that circuit breaker company still thinks that employee welfare is a priority in order to produce product type 1160.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em> </em><em>sustainability, triple bottom line, analytic hierarchy process, employee welfare.</em><em></em></p>
NOSQL DATABASE LOGIC DESIGN METHODS FOR MONGODB AND NEO4J
Authors: Mazurova Oksana , Syvolovskyi Illia , Syvolovska Olena 
Published: July 2022

Modern developers of gaming mobile and Internet applications almost do not imagine themselves without the use of NoSQL databases, if they pursue the goal of creating scalable databases with high-performance and wide functionality. When designing a database for any NoSQL system, the developer needs a clear understanding of the logic of such databases and the capabilities of the tools offered by the corresponding DBMS. However, unfortunately, they do not have unified methods of logical design of such models, as in relational databases. Thus, there is a problem of developing effective methods for the logical design of such databases that would provide the necessary performance when implementing the business logic of the corresponding applications. The subject of the research is approaches to the logical design of NoSQL document and graph databases. The goal of the work is to propose unified logical modeling methods for MongoDB and Neo4j NoSQL systems based on an experimental study of their performance. The following tasks are solved in the work: analysis of current approaches to the logical design of document and graph databases\, the development of logical design methods for them; planning and experimental study of the performance of the proposed methods on the example of models developed with their help. The following methods are used: database design methods, database performance evaluation methods, development methods are based on MongoDB 5.0.5, Neo4j 4.4.3 DBMS, Visual Studio 2022 development environment. The following results are obtained: unified logical design methods for MongoDB and Neo4j NoSQL systems are proposed; on their basis, the corresponding logical models have been developed; experimental measurements of the number of resources required working with the developed models; recommendations on the proposed methods are formed. Conclusions: The proposed modeling methods for MongoDB have their own aspects of their effective use for different types of applications. The strengths and weaknesses of both methods were identified, but a mixed method based on a combination of modeling through normalization and denormalization was recommended. Even though Neo4j lost out to MongoDB in terms of consumed resources in most experiments, both DBMS's' demonstrate good productivity, taking into account the orientation to different tasks.
Study of the Ātmā [Soul] in Sanskrit and Nepali Literature
Authors: Pokhrel GovindaPrasad 
Published: July 2022

This research article entitled A Study of Ātmā [Soul] as God in Sanskrit and Nepali Literature deals with the general concept of the Ātmā[Soul] which is called God too. The research questions are what is Ātmā and how it exists in the body of the organisms. The researcher mentions the following objectives for this study: 1.to define the Ātmā [Soul] 2.to study how it exists in the body of the organisms. This research follows qualitative method. Descriptive, comparative and deductive methodology is used in it. Nepali and some Sanskrit literary figures are studied in it and the researcher mentions how far they have gone to study about the Soul in their works. The literary figures have pointed out about the sense in the living beings and this sense is called psyche, Soul, Consciousness etc.The researcher also tries to show the universal Soul and its grandeur. Soul is called God because it is immortal and wide.