bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of renewable energy consumption in agrarian Sub-Sahara African economies
Authors: Bekun Festus Victor , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of ecological distortions and climate change issues have been at the forefront of the minds of policymakers and energy practitioners in recent decades. This concern is associated with the vision of the seventh and thirteenth Sustainable Development Goals that are centered on access to clean energy sources and mitigating climate change issues, as detailed in Vision 2030. To this end, the present study uses Pesaran’s Pooled Mean Group Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model to investigate the determinants of clean/non-conventional energy in the case of Sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical results show that a 1% increase in economic activity increases the level of renewable energy consumption by 0.128% in the short run. In the long-run, economic growth dampens the consumption of renewable energy by 0.402% over the investigated period. The reason for this peculiar result for the Sub-Saharan African economies could be attributed to the prevalent demand for conventional energy sources and the cost-related factor associated with clean energy technologies even when the economy (herein measured by Gross Domestic Product) is improving. Furthermore, the effect of energy (electricity from fossil fuel) also shows a statistically significant impact when trying to reduce the clean energy consumption. This arises from an expected trade-off effect. Regarding the causality analysis using the heterogeneous panel, the causality results present a one-way causality running from economic growth to renewable energy consumption. We also found there to be a feedback causality relationship between urbanization and renewable energy as well as agricultural value added and economic growth. Based on these findings, several policy decisions were prescribed for Sub-Saharan African economies such as the diversification of Sub-Saharan African economies energy to more renewable energy sources and the adoption of clean energy technologies that are reputed to be cleaner and environmentally friendly.
Oriented pro-$$\ell $$ groups with the Bogomolov–Positselski property
Authors: Quadrelli Claudio , Weigel Thomas S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor a prime number$$\ell $$ℓwe say that an oriented pro-$$\ell $$ℓgroup$$(G,\theta )$$(G,θ)has the Bogomolov–Positselski property if the kernel of the canonical projection on its maximal$$\theta $$θ-abelian quotient$$\pi ^{\mathrm {ab}}_{G,\theta }:G\rightarrow G(\theta )$$πG,θab:G→G(θ)is a free pro-$$\ell $$ℓgroup contained in the Frattini subgroup ofG. We show that oriented pro-$$\ell $$ℓgroups of elementary type have the Bogomolov–Positselski property (cf. Theorem 1.2). This shows that Efrat’s Elementary Type Conjecture implies a positive answer to Positselski’s version of Bogomolov’s Conjecture on maximal pro-$$\ell $$ℓGalois groups of a field$$\mathbb {K}$$Kin case that$$\mathbb {K}^\times /(\mathbb {K}^\times )^\ell $$K×/(K×)ℓis finite. Secondly, it is shown that for an$$H^\bullet $$H∙-quadratic oriented pro-$$\ell $$ℓgroup$$(G,\theta )$$(G,θ)the Bogomolov–Positselski property can be expressed by the injectivity of the transgression map$$d_2^{2,1}$$d22,1in the Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence (cf. Theorem 1.4).
Researching religion and migration 20 years after ‘9/11’: Taking stock and looking ahead
Authors: Fleischmann Fenella 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis contribution to the special issue on religion and migration reviews two decades of large-scale survey research on changes in immigrant religion and the relationship between immigrants’ level of religiosity and their integration into European societies. The body of work reveals that Muslims in European societies stand out due to their comparatively high levels of religiosity and greater stability in religiosity over time and across immigrant generations. While the comparative picture is rather clear, findings regarding the long-term trend in Muslims’ religiosity and its association with immigrant integration are instead inconclusive. A systematic review of empirical studies of the association of (various indicators of) individual religiosity with immigrant integration reveals positive, negative and non-significant results for all outcomes and domains. Thus, based on the current state of art it is hard to assess whether and why religion forms a bridge or barrier to immigrant integration in Europe. To move the field forward, the contribution ends with a twofold proposal for a research agenda that includes a broadened empirical scope, moving beyond the focus on Sunni Muslims, and a conceptual extension that focuses on differences in reasoning about religion and religious meaning-making as additional, potentially more consistent and more powerful explanation for immigrants’ social relations and positions in their new societies
Cutting of Graphite at Atomic and Close-to-Atomic Scale Using Flexible Enhanced Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Wang Jinshi , Fang Fengzhou , Li Luan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing is the key technology for the production of next-generation devices with atomic precision. As an important approach of mechanical processing, cutting has evolved as a potential candidate to generate an atomically smooth surface; thus, exploring its ultimate capability is significant. In this paper, single-crystal graphite, whose lattice structure and chemical bond property are of representation for demonstration, is selected to study the mechanism of atomic layer removal using molecular dynamics. A localized workpiece, which is dynamically updated on the basis of the tool position, is used to improve the computation efficiency. The principle and bullet points of this modeling method are first introduced, followed by a series of simulations under various undeformed chip thicknesses and tool edge radii. In addition, different potentials for the tool–workpiece interaction are tested, and the effect on the material response is presented. Based on the analysis of deformation, the number of carbon layers removed, and cutting forces, the chip formation mechanism and further understanding of the controllability of cutting at atomic and close-to-atomic scale can be achieved.
MILP performance improvement strategies for short-term batch production scheduling: a chemical industry use case
Authors: Kunath Sascha , Kühn Mathias , Völker Michael , Schmidt Thorsten , Rühl Phillip , Heidel Gennadij 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the development and mathematical implementation of a production scheduling model utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). A simplified model of a real-world multi-product batch plant constitutes the basis. The paper shows practical extensions to the model, resulting in a digital twin of the plant. Apart from sequential arrangement, the final model contains maintenance periods, campaign planning and storage constraints to a limited extend. To tackle weak computational performance and missing model features, a condensed mathematical formulation is introduced at first. After stating that these measures do not suffice for applicability in a restrained time period, a novel solution strategy is proposed. The overall non-iterative algorithm comprises a multi-step decomposition approach, which starts with a reduced scope and incrementally complements the schedule in multiple subproblem stages. Each of those optimizations holds less decision variables and makes use of warmstart information obtained from the predecessor model. That way, a first feasible solution accelerates the subsequent improvement process. Furthermore, the optimization focus can be shifted beneficially leveraging the Gurobi solver parameters. Findings suggest that correlation may exist between certain characteristics of the scheduling scope and ideal parameter settings, which yield potential for further investigation. Another promising area for future research addresses the concurrent multi-processing of independent MILPs on a single machine. First observations indicate that significant performance gains can be achieved in some cases, though sound dependencies were not discovered yet.
Analysis of the extension behavior of reflective cracks in asphalt pavements based on dry shrinkage property
Authors: Xiao Min Min , Fan Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to study the extension behavior of dry shrinkage type reflective cracks in asphalt pavements, this paper uses the differential equation theory to derive the calculation formula for the inhomogeneous gradient distribution of dry shrinkage stress in the subgrade. Meanwhile, based on the traction separation rule and damage behavior equation, the extended finite element method is applied to simulate the extension path and tip stress response of dry shrinkage type reflection crack, and then analyze the influence of Semi-rigid subgrade structure and material parameters on the extension behavior of dry shrinkage type cracks. The results show that the dry shrinkage stress of Semi-rigid type base is related to the elastic modulus of base course material, dry shrinkage coefficient, uniform variation of moisture content, horizontal deformation resistance coefficient, and structural dimensions of Semi-rigid type base. Micro cracks in the Semi-rigid type base under the action of dry shrinkage stress will occur two-way extension behavior, one is to continue cracking below the base course, and the other one is the reflection extension into into the surface layer, in addition, the extension speed of the reflected cracks in the surface layer is much larger than the crack cracking speed in the base course. Reducing the modulus of the base course, increasing the thickness of the base course and controlling the variation of the moisture content of the base course within the limit value can effectively retard the emergence and extension rate of reflection cracks.
The Encircled Kingdom: The Saudi Anti-Communist Stance, 1958–67
Authors: Al Tuwayjiri Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates Saudi Arabia's anti-Communist stance between 1958 and 1967, in the midst of the Cold War. It presents an alternative interpretation of how anti-Communism was framed as a struggle against Arab Nationalism and Zionism in the Middle East. Furthermore, it highlights the different perspectives on anti-Communist agitation provided in primary sources and Saudi historiography and offers fresh insight into the Saudis’ anti-Communist stance. The analysis shows that Saudi attitudes in the Cold War were dominated by a fear of the Soviet Communists that subsequently extended to all other secular ideologies. The article concludes that the Saudi strategy of anti-Communism was a crucial building block to curb the spread of Communism in the twentieth century.
How do you Shape a Market? Explaining Local State Practices in Adult Social Care
Authors: NEEDHAM CATHERINE , ALLEN KERRY , BURN EMILY , HALL KELLY , MANGAN CATHERINE , AL-JANABI HARETH , TAHIR WARDA , CARR SARAH , GLASBY JON , HENWOOD MELANIE , MCKAY STEVE 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Care Act 2014 gave English local authorities a duty to ‘shape’ social care markets and encouraged them to work co-productively with stakeholders. Grid-group cultural theory is used here to explain how local authorities have undertaken market shaping, based on a four-part typology of rules and relationships. The four types are: procurement (strong rules, weak relationships); managed market (strong rules, strong relationships); open market (weak rules, weak relationships); and partnership (weak rules, strong relationships). Qualitative data from English local authorities show that they are using different types of market shaping in different parts of the care market (e.g. residential vs home care), and shifting types over time. Challenges to the sustainability of the care system (rising demand, funding cuts, workforce shortages) are pulling local authorities towards the two ‘strong rules’ approaches which run against the co-productive thrust of the Care Act. Some local authorities are experimenting with hybrids of the two ‘weak rules’ approaches but the rival cultural biases of different types mean that hybrid approaches risk antagonising providers and further unsettling an unstable market.
“It's like they don't see us at all”: A Critical Race Theory critique of dual language bilingual education for Black children
Authors: Frieson Brittany L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the institutional harm that many dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs can impose upon Black American children. By uncovering the ways that bilingual education is often complicit in educational injustice for Black children, this article argues for a closer interrogation of unquestioned DLBE policies and practices through an analysis that gives centrality to race and intersectionality. In this piece, a composite counterstory is crafted using African American Language to powerfully facilitate a Critical Race Theory-informed critique of DLBE's institutional structures and practices that detail the experiences of many Black children in DLBE programs. A recommendation for intersectional approaches to DLBE that center, support, and advocate for intersectional consciousness across all Black identities is offered.
Determinants of the acceptance and adoption of a digital contact tracing tool during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
Authors: Huang Zhilian , Guo Huiling , Lim Hannah Yee-Fen , Chow Angela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe motivations that govern the adoption of digital contact tracing (DCT) tools are complex and not well understood. Hence, we assessed the factors influencing the acceptance and adoption of Singapore's national DCT tool – TraceTogether – during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 3943 visitors of Tan Tock Seng Hospital from July 2020 to February 2021 and stratified the analyses into three cohorts. Each cohort was stratified based on the time when significant policy interventions were introduced to increase the adoption of TraceTogether. Binary logistic regression was preceded by principal components analysis to reduce the Likert items. Respondents who ‘perceived TraceTogether as useful and necessary’ had higher likelihood of accepting it but those with ‘Concerns about personal data collected by TraceTogether’ had lower likelihood of accepting and adopting the tool. The injunctive and descriptive social norms were also positively associated with both the acceptance and adoption of the tool. Liberal individualism was mixed in the population and negatively associated with the acceptance and adoption of TraceTogether. Policy measures to increase the uptake of a national DCT bridged the digital divide and accelerated its adoption. However, good public communications are crucial to address the barriers of acceptance to improve voluntary uptake widespread adoption.
Bishop Broughton and his Colonial Visitation in 1845
Authors: Willson Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines an account by William Grant Broughton, describing a journey made in 1845 to the south of his Diocese of Australia. It was published by English supporters, describing the impossibly large area of his responsibility and pleading for a subdivision of his diocese. Broughton wanted to overcome ignorance of Australia, to thank his supporters for money and manpower, and to demonstrate that his work as a bishop was not just a state appointed official, but as a spiritual Father-in-God in apostolic succession from Christ. Broughton was inspired by the Oxford Movement. Broughton met influential colonists and inspired support in his vision of church buildings where the Gospel might be preached and the sacraments of the Church of England celebrated with a dignity to inspire and attract the flock. Broughton knew the 1836 decision of the Government to give state aid to all major Christian denominations undermined the claim of the Church of England to have inherited established legal status the church enjoyed in England. Broughton’s heroic efforts form an inspiring Anglican heritage. The article concludes that by the time of his death in 1853 his church was but one denomination in a spiritually plural, and secular, society.
Productivity improvement of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through crop rotation and organic matter application in degraded crop farms of Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Alemayehu Getachew , Shibabaw Agegnehu , Adgo Enyew , Asch Folkard , Freyer Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBread wheat is one of the most important staple crops in Ethiopia and it is largely produced by smallholder farmers in the highlands of the country. Its productivity is, however, very low below the world average mainly due to the dwindling of soil productivity and depletion of soil fertility as the result of complete removal of crop residues as well as abandoning of crop rotation and organic matter application. Hence, a 3 years experiment was conducted to study the productivity improvement of bread wheat through crop rotation and organic manure application in degraded crop fields of Ethiopian highlands. Both at station and on-farm sites, factorial combinations of five crop rotations (R1+ = bread wheat–clover–potato, R2+ = clover–bread wheat undersowing lupine–potato, R3+ = potato–clover–bread wheat, R4+ = bread wheat undersowing lupine–potato undersowing lupine–bread wheat and R5+ = lupine–potato undersowing lupine–bread wheat) and four manure application rates [M1 = control/without manure, M2 = 2.5 t ha−1 Sesbania green manure (SGM), M3 = 5 t ha−1 fresh cattle manure (FCM) and M4 = 2.5 t ha−1 SGM + 5 t ha−1 FCM] were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Crop rotation treatments with plus sign (+) indicated that crop residues and/or green manure of preceding crops were incorporated into the soil. Sole bread wheat crop (R1) without manure application (M1) in the first year (2013) was considered as the control and baseline of the study. Results of the study clearly showed that the interaction of R3+ and M4 in 3 years period (2013–2015) enabled to recover the highest grain productivity of bread wheat from 0.95 and 0.69 to 4.83 and 4.14 t ha−1 with the percentile increments of 408.42 and 500.00% at station and on-farm sites, respectively. Thus, long-term application of organic manure with moderate quantity and incorporation of crop residues in pragmatic crop rotation of a vigorous legume before wheat have great potentials for recovering the productivity of bread wheat in degraded crop fields.
Steady‐State Parallel Retreat Migration in River Bends With Noncohesive (Composite) Banks
Authors: Waterman David M. , García Marcelo H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA substantial body of research has addressed the equilibrium cross‐sectional geometry of straight noncohesive channels, along with bends having fixed outer banks. However, development of a characteristic cross‐section during active migration has been confounded by inaccurate treatment of noncohesive bank erosion processes. This analysis characterizes a steady‐state migrating cross‐section and the associated migration rate for the highly conceptualized case of an infinite bend of constant centerline radius with noncohesive lower banks consisting of uniform‐sized grains mobilized as bedload. Analytical, numerical, and field analyses are presented to rationally constrain the geometry and obtain a physically based migration rate equation dependent on the following dimensionless groupings: excess Shields stress, flow depth to radius of curvature ratio, and noncohesive bank thickness to grain size ratio. Migration rate is shown to be dictated by transverse sediment flux at the thalweg due to secondary flow, not bank slope as in previous formulations developed from similar principles. Simple outward translation of the noncohesive portion of the cross section is achieved with concurrent mass failure in the upper cohesive layer. Such translation cannot be achieved using a linear excess shear formulation applied to noncohesive fluvial erosion. A numerical model of cross‐sectional evolution to steady‐state migration is developed; when applied to the lower Mackinaw River in Illinois, it reveals that the river behaves as if the critical shear stress is considerably larger than that indicated by the grain size distribution. This conceptualized treatment is intended to provide a canonical basis of comparison for actual meander bend geometries.
Unprecedented High Northern Australian Streamflow Linked to an Intensification of the Indo‐Australian Monsoon
Authors: Higgins P. A. , Palmer J. G. , Rao M. P. , Andersen M. S. , Turney C. S. M. , Johnson F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStreamflow in Australia’s northern rivers has been steadily increasing since the 1970s, most likely due to increased intensity in the Indo‐Australian monsoon. However, because of limited data availability, it is hard to assess this recent trend and therefore contextualize potential future climatic changes. In this study, we used a network of 63 precipitation‐sensitive tree‐ring chronologies from the Indo‐Australian and Asian monsoon regions to reconstruct streamflow in the Daly catchment in the Northern Territory of Australia from 1413 to 2005 CE. We used a novel wavelet‐based method to transform the variance structure of the tree‐ring chronologies to better match the hydroclimate prior to reconstruction with a hierarchical Bayesian regression model. Our streamflow reconstruction accounts for 72%–78% of the variance in the instrumental period and closely matches both historical flood events and independent proxy records, increasing confidence in its validity. We find that while streamflow has been increasing since the 1800s, the most recent 40‐year period is unprecedented in the last ∼600 years. Comparison to an independent coral‐based streamflow record shows regional coherency in this trend. Extreme high flows were found to be linked to La Niña events, but we found no significant relationship between streamflow and El Niño events, or streamflow and other regional climatic drivers. More work is therefore needed to understand the drivers of the recent streamflow increase, but, regardless of the cause, water managers should be aware of the paleoclimatic context before making decisions on water allocations.
Oral microbiota in human systematic diseases
Authors: Peng Xian , Cheng Lei , You Yong , Tang Chengwei , Ren Biao , Li Yuqing , Xu Xin , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOral bacteria directly affect the disease status of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The dynamic oral microbiota cooperates with the host to reflect the information and status of immunity and metabolism through two-way communication along the oral cavity and the systemic organs. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment. The microenvironment at different sites in the oral cavity has different microbial compositions and is regulated by complex signaling, hosts, and external environmental factors. These processes may affect or reflect human health because certain health states seem to be related to the composition of oral bacteria, and the destruction of the microbial community is related to systemic diseases. In this review, we discussed emerging and exciting evidence of complex and important connections between the oral microbes and multiple human systemic diseases, and the possible contribution of the oral microorganisms to systemic diseases. This review aims to enhance the interest to oral microbes on the whole human body, and also improve clinician’s understanding of the role of oral microbes in systemic diseases. Microbial research in dentistry potentially enhances our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of oral diseases, and at the same time, continuous advances in this frontier field may lead to a tangible impact on human health.