bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Has Molecular Biology Enhanced Our Undertaking of axSpA and Its Management
Authors: Fatica Mauro , D’Antonio Arianna , Novelli Lucia , Triggianese Paola , Conigliaro Paola , Greco Elisabetta , Bergamini Alberto , Perricone Carlo , Chimenti Maria Sole 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This review aims at investigating pathophysiological mechanisms in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Analysis of genetic factors, immunological pathways, and abnormalities of bone metabolism lay the foundations for a better understanding of development of the axial clinical manifestations in patients, allowing physician to choose the most appropriate therapeutic strategy in a more targeted manner.

Recent Findings
In addition to the contribution of MHC system, findings emerged about the role of non-HLA genes (as ERAP1 and 2, whose inhibition could represent a new therapeutic approach) and of epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in SpA pathogenesis. Increasing evidence of bone metabolism abnormalities secondary to the activation of immunological pathways suggests the development of various bone anomalies that are present in axSpA patients.

Summary
SpA are a group of inflammatory diseases with a multifactorial origin, whose pathogenesis is linked to the genetic predisposition, the action of environmental risk factors, and the activation of immune response. It is now well known how bone metabolism leads to long-term structural damage via increased bone turnover, bone loss and osteoporosis, osteitis, erosions, osteosclerosis, and osteoproliferation. These effects can exist in the same patient over time or even simultaneously. Evidence suggests a cross relationship among innate immunity, autoimmunity, and bone remodeling in SpA, making treatment approach a challenge for rheumatologists. Specifically, treatment targets are consistently increasing as new drugs are upcoming. Both biological and targeted synthetic drugs are promising in terms of their efficacy and safety profile in patients affected by SpA.
How first comes energy efficiency? Assessing the energy efficiency first principle in the EU using a comprehensive indicator-based approach
Authors: Chlechowitz Mara , Reuter Matthias , Eichhammer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe energy efficiency first (EE1) principle was defined and established as a leading principle of the European Union’s energy policy with the Clean Energy for All Europeans package in 2016. The principle requires demand resources to be considered on par with supply-side solutions and prioritized whenever they are less costly or deliver more value than alternative options. This approach should be applied in every planning process, decision-making, and investment regarding the energy sector. In order to examine to which degree the EE1 principle is actually implemented by the Member States, we developed a composite indicator, which consists of 13 criteria. These criteria capture the multiple facets of the EE1 principle and thus can also be used as a guide for the EU Member States in their operationalization of the EE1 principle. After the development of the methodology, the indicator-based approach is tested to assess the implementation of the EE1 principle in the national energy and climate plans of 14 Member States. The aim of this step is to demonstrate the feasibility of the indicator and its applicability as an assessment tool across different countries in the EU. The results imply that the fundamentals of the principle are understood and realized. Nevertheless, most countries would still fail to ensure an equal treatment between supply and demand-side resources and neglect the multiple benefits associated with energy efficiency improvements. However, those finding should be considered with caution since only limited data was used to test the operationalization of the indicator on the EE1 principle.
The prognostic implication of latitude in uveal melanoma: a nationwide observational cohort study of all patients born in Sweden between 1947 and 1989
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav , Williams Pete A. , Landelius Tomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence of uveal melanoma increases with latitude. In this study, we examine the importance of latitude for uveal melanoma prognosis.

Methods
All uveal melanoma patients born in Sweden between 1947 and 1990 were included (n = 745). The latitude of patients’ birthplaces and home counties at the time of uveal melanoma diagnosis were collected. For all latitudes, data on sunlight and UV intensity parameters, temperature, daytime length variations, and socioeconomic factors were added. The prognostic implication of birthplace latitude and of moving > 1 degree of latitude was examined with multivariate Cox regressions and competing risk analyses.

Findings
There were no significant differences in patient sex, age, tumor size, T-category, or BAP-1 immunoexpression between patients born in the south, central or northern regions of Sweden. Decreasing birthplace latitude was a predictor of uveal melanoma-related mortality in multivariate Cox regression. Patients that were born in southern regions or moved > 1 degree south between birth and diagnosis had higher incidence of uveal melanoma-related mortality in competing risk analysis. The sum of yearly sunshine hours, global sunlight radiation, average daily ultraviolet light intensity, average annual temperature, or net wealth were not predictors of uveal melanoma-related mortality.

Interpretation
Latitude is a prognostic factor in uveal melanoma. This does not seem to be related to variations in patient or tumor characteristics at presentation, in management, in sunlight intensity, in ultraviolet light irradiance, in temperature, or in wealth. Future studies should examine if periodical changes in daylight hours or other factors could explain the prognostic implication.
Improvement of Rainfall Measurements by Using a Dual Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge
Authors: Choi Jeong Hwan , Chang Ki-Ho , Kim Kyung-Eak , Bang Ki Seok 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Dual Tipping Bucket Gauge (DTBG) is newly developed to improve the accuracy of rainfall measurements. DTBG includes two tipping buckets (TBs) in a gauge cylinder, named TB01 and TB05. The measurement resolution of TB01 and TB05 are 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Rainfall measurements by DTBG are made simultaneously by the two TBs. The higher amount of rainfall from either TB01 or TB05 is then taken as the rainfall amount by DTBG, which constitutes a major advantage of DTBG compared to a single TB rain gauge. For 14 rainfall events, the accuracy of DTBG was assessed by inter-comparisons of rainfall amounts by DTBG and Pluvio2 (reference gauge). The rainfall intensities by DTBG were fairly consistent with those by Pluvio2, with an average fractional bias of 0.07%. The present study demonstrates that DTBG is more accurate and reliable compared to a single TB rain gauge.
Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric sensing of CO2 for biomedical applications
Authors: Shahid Shahina , Geetha Mithra , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Remani Divya , Muthusamy Suresh , Muthalif Asan G. A. , Al-maadeed Somaya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in unhealthy people differs greatly from healthy people. High-precision CO2 detection with a quick response time is essential for many biomedical applications. A major focus of this research is on the detection of CO2, one of the most important health biomarkers. We investigated a low-cost, flexible, and reliable strategy by using dyes for colorimetric CO2 sensing in this study. The impacts of temperature, pH, reaction time, reusability, concentration, and dye selectivity were studied thoroughly. This study described real-time CO2 analysis. Using this multi-dye method, we got an average detection limit of 1.98 ppm for CO2, in the range of 50–120 ppm. A portable colorimetric instrument with a smartphone-assisted unit was constructed to determine the relative red/green/blue values for real-time and practical applications within 15 s of interaction and the readings are very similar to those of an optical fiber probe. Environmental and biological chemistry applications are likely to benefit greatly from this unique approach.
Sustained employment, work disability and work functioning in CKD patients: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Alma Manna A. , van der Mei Sijrike F. , Brouwer Sandra , Hilbrands Luuk B. , van der Boog Paul J. M. , Uiterwijk Herma , Waanders Femke , Hengst Maaike , Gansevoort Ron T. , Visser Annemieke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Kidney failure negatively affects opportunities for work participation. Little is known about work functioning of employed CKD patients. This study investigates work-related outcomes, and examines associations between patient characteristics and employment status.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional survey study in nine nephrology outpatient clinics in the Netherlands among working age (18–67 years) CKD Stage G3b-G5, dialysis and transplant patients (n = 634; mean age 53.4 years (SD 10); 53% male; 47% Stage G3b-G5, 9% dialysis, 44% transplantation). We assessed employment status, work disability, work-related characteristics (i.e., work situation, working hours, job demands), work functioning (i.e., perceived ability to work, productivity loss, limitations in work), work environment (i.e., work accommodations, psychosocial work environment), as well as health status and fatigue.

Results
Sixty-five percent were employed reporting moderate work ability. Of those, 21% received supplementary work disability benefits, 37% were severely fatigued, 7% expected to drop out of the workforce, and 49% experienced CKD-related work limitations. Work accommodations included reduced working hours, working at a slower pace, adjustment of work tasks or work schedule, and working from home. Multivariable analysis of sustained employment showed associations with younger age, male gender, higher level of education, better general and physical health and pre-emptive transplantation. Transplant patients had the highest work ability and highest expectation to maintain work. Dialysis patients had the highest productivity loss and perceived the most limitations regarding functioning in work. Stage G3b-G5 patients reported the lowest social support from colleagues and highest conflict in work and private life.

Conclusions
Employed CKD patients experience difficulties regarding functioning in work requiring adjustment of work or partial work disability. In addition to dialysis patients, stage G3b-G5 patients are vulnerable concerning sustained employment and work functioning.
Political Obfuscation and Literary Ambiguity
Authors: Bauer Matthias , Zirker Angelika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we are addressing the relationship between ambiguity and obscurity by comparing political with literary use of language. In particular, we are considering contexts in which ambiguity, deriving from underspecification, is strategically used as a device to establish a certain degree of obscurity. We suggest that this strategy is based on an undeclared identification of meanings that are in fact distinct, thus creating false or at least misleading impressions. By contrast, we present literary strategies of ambiguity which also work with combinations of meanings. While the strategies share this combination, they differ vastly in purpose and effect. Our examples are taken from Boris Johnson’s 2021 »Levelling Up«-Speech as well as from poetry and plays by William Shakespeare. Their comparison proves to be particularly fruitful when it comes to conceptualising the ambiguities of »levelling (up)« and their uses in context.
Application of Sustainable Procurement Policy to Improve the Circularity of Construction and Demolition Waste Resources in Australia
Authors: Shooshtarian Salman , Maqsood Tayyab , Wong Peter S. P. , Bettini Louis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sustainable management of construction and demolition (C&D) necessitates efficient waste minimisation policies. Sustainable procurement of recycled waste products (RWPs) is an encouragement-based policy approach that can serve this purpose. This policy aids stakeholders in enhancing the circular economy (CE) in the built environment (BE) sector. However, this procurement method is yet to be successfully adapted globally or in Australia. Hence, this study was conducted to shed light on the use of sustainable procurement in the Australian BE sector. Based on a mixed-methods methodology, 49 relevant academic, industry and government publications were analysed during the review process. The findings reveal that the two most significant obstacles are the lack of supportive organisational culture and uncertainty about RWP quality. In addition, implementing clear and supporting regulations and maintaining transparency and good governance are identified as the two most important enablers. A model was proposed to facilitate the adoption of sustainable procurement, based on the research findings. The study includes a number of suggestions to encourage the acquisition of C&D RWPs for construction projects. This review is anticipated to contribute to three areas: sustainable procurement theory, policy development, and BE sector practice.
Evidence of male alliance formation in a small dolphin community
Authors: Chabanne Delphine B. H. , Krützen Michael , Finn Hugh , Allen Simon J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe photo-identification of uniquely marked individuals has revealed much about mammalian behaviour and social structure in recent decades. In bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopsspp.), for example, the long-term tracking of individuals has unveiled considerable variation in social structure among populations and various spatio-temporal aspects of group formation. In this study, we investigated associations among individual males in a small community of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T. aduncus) residing in an urbanized estuary in southwestern Australia. Given the relative proximity of our study area to other populations in which complex male alliances form for the purpose of mate acquisition, we used long-term photo-identification records and social analyses to assess whether such alliances also occur in smaller and more isolated settings. Our work revealed strong social bonds and long-term, non-random associations among individual males, suggesting the occurrence of male alliances. Behavioural observations of alliances interacting with potentially receptive adult females from the estuary community and from adjacent communities, and exhibiting sexual display behaviours near females, suggest that these alliances occur in a reproductive context. As the first formal analysis indicating the occurrence of male alliances outside Shark Bay along the vast western coastline of Australia, this study complements previous research and extends our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological processes that drive alliance formation.
Generalized Cubic Pythagorean Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and their Application to Multi-attribute Decision-Making Problems
Authors: Amin Fazli , Rahim Muhammad , Ali Asad , Ameer Eskandar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCubic Pythagorean fuzzy (CPF) set (CPFS) is a hybrid set that can hold much more information and can be used to describe both an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set (IVPFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) at the same time to handle data uncertainties. Based on it, the present study is classified into three phases. The first phase is to modify the existing operational laws and aggregation operators (AOs) in the article presented by Abbas et al. (Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1529–1544, (2019)). The main objective of improved operational laws is to eliminate the flows and ambiguities in existing AOs. Secondly, based on these laws, various AOs to aggregate the information are acquired along with their requisite properties and relations. Lastly, an approach for interpreting the multi-attribute decision-making (MCDM) problem based on the stated operators is given and illustrated with an example. Some of the existing models are used to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis to demonstrate their impacts.
Cost-effectiveness of psychological intervention within services for depression delivered by primary care workers in Nepal: economic evaluation of a randomized control trial
Authors: Aldridge L. R. , Luitel N. P. , Jordans M. J. D. , Bass J. K. , Patenaude B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntegrating services for depression into primary care is key to reducing the treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries. We examined the value of providing the Healthy Activity Programme (HAP), a behavioral activation psychological intervention, within services for depression delivered by primary care workers in Chitwan, Nepal using data from the Programme for Improving Mental Health Care.MethodsPeople diagnosed with depression were randomized to receive either standard treatment (ST), comprised of psychoeducation, antidepressant medication, and home-based follow up, or standard treatment plus psychological intervention (T + P). We estimated incremental costs and health effects of T + P compared to ST, with quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and depression symptom scores over 12 months as health effects. Nonparametric uncertainty analysis provided confidence intervals around each incremental effectiveness ratio (ICER); results are presented in 2020 international dollars.ResultsSixty participants received ST and 60 received T + P. Implementation costs (ST = $329, T + P = $617) were substantially higher than service delivery costs (ST = $18.7, T + P = $22.4) per participant. ST and T + P participants accrued 46.5 and 49.4 QALYs, respectively. The ICERs for T + P relative to ST were $4422 per QALY gained (95% confidence interval: $2484 to $9550) – slightly above the highly cost-effective threshold – and −$53.21 (95% confidence interval: −$105.8 to −$30.2) per unit change on the Patient Health Questionnaire.ConclusionProviding HAP within integrated depression services in Chitwan was cost-effective, if not highly cost-effective. Efforts to scale up integrated services in Nepal and similar contexts should consider including evidence-based psychological interventions as a part of cost-effective mental healthcare for depression.
Debasement and demography in England and France in the Later Middle Ages
Authors: Mayhew Nick , Ball Katherine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEngland recovered slowly after the Black Death, but countries which debased more saw rising prices and earlier population growth and economic recovery. We examine debasement in England, France, Flanders, and Scotland, emphasising the importance of nominal prices and governments’ role in determining and enforcing monetary policy. Money, as well as demography, strongly influenced the behaviour of prices in later medieval Europe, and price changes had profound economic effects. Population levels depend on mortality and fertility. It is not clear that mortality in England was more severe than elsewhere, but the English economic recession could have affected fertility and nuptiality.
Observations of High Densities at Low Altitudes in the Nightside Ionosphere of Mars by the MAVEN Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE)
Authors: Withers P. , Felici M. , Mendillo M. , Vogt M. F. , Barbinis E. , Kahan D. , Oudrhiri K. , Gray C. , Lee C. O. , Xu S. , Lester M. , Sanchez‐Cano B. , Jakosky B. M. , Curry S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnusually large peak electron density values of ∼5 × 1010 m−3 are sporadically observed in the nightside ionosphere of Mars in regions of strong and open crustal magnetic field. However, the associated vertical structure of the ionosphere has not previously been observed. Here, we present three vertical electron density profiles from the nightside ionosphere of Mars that have comparably large values of peak electron density. They were acquired by the Radio Occultation Science Experiment on the MAVEN spacecraft on 23, 24, and 29 March 2021. In these profiles, the peak density is large (2–4 × 1010 m−3), the peak altitude is low (60–90 km), and the plasma layer is broad (full width at half maximum greater than 100 km, Chapman layer lengthscale of ∼30 km). Even if the peak altitude is at the upper end of this range, 90 km, the plasma density at 60 km would still be large, approximately 70% of the peak density. These findings hold even if the ionosphere was patchy, not spherically symmetric, during these observations. These three profiles were acquired at times when fluxes of energetic protons, but not electrons, were enhanced above background levels. The apparent association of large nightside electron density values with protons, rather than electrons, is contrary to previous findings.
Topology of Magnetic and Velocity Fields at Kinetic Scales in Incompressible Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Zhang J. , Huang S. Y. , Sahraoui F. , Andrés N. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Xu S. B. , Wei Y. Y. , Xiong Q. Y. , Wang Z. , Lin R. T. , Yu L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe topology of the magnetic and velocity fields at the kinetic scales are investigated in the context of nearly incompressible magnetosheath plasma turbulence. Using the unprecedented high‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission, the joint probability distribution functions of geometrical invariants characterizing the magnetic and velocity fields gradient tensor at the kinetic scales are computed. The topological features of the magnetic and velocity field gradient tensors and their symmetric component tensors present axisymmetric distribution patterns, indicating that the structure of the plasma turbulence at the kinetic scales are different from those in hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Moreover, a strong correlation between the straining and rotational parts of the magnetic and velocity field gradient tensors was found, which manifests the dominance of sheet‐like structures at the kinetic‐scales dissipation in incompressible plasma turbulence.
Inception of Regular Valley Spacing in Fluvial Landscapes: A Linear Stability Analysis
Authors: Anand Shashank Kumar , Bonetti Sara , Camporeale Carlo , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncipient valley formation in mountainous landscapes is often associated with their presence at a regular spacing under diverse hydroclimatic forcings. Here we provide a formal linear stability theory for a landscape evolution model representing the action of tectonic uplift, diffusive soil creep, and detachment‐limited fluvial erosion. For configurations dominated by only one horizontal length scale, a single dimensionless quantity characterizes the overall system dynamics based on model parameters and boundary conditions. The stability analysis is conducted for smooth and symmetric hillslopes along a long mountain ridge to study the impact of the erosion law form on regular first‐order valley formation. The results provide the critical condition when smooth landscapes become unstable and give rise to a characteristic length scale for incipient valleys, which is related to the scaling exponents that couple fluvial erosion to the specific drainage area and the local slope. The valley spacing at first instability is uniquely related to the ratio of the scaling exponents and widens with an increase in this ratio. We find compelling evidence of sediment transport by diffusive creep and fluvial erosion coupled with the specific drainage area equation as a sufficient mechanism for first‐order valley formation. We finally show that the predictions of the linear stability analysis conform with the results of numerical simulations for different degrees of nonlinearity in the erosion law and agree well with topographic data from a natural landscape.