bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealed Price Preference: Theory and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Deb Rahul , Kitamura Yuichi , Quah John K H , Stoye Jörg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo determine the welfare implications of price changes in demand data, we introduce a revealed preference relation over prices. We show that the absence of cycles in this relation characterizes a consumer who trades off the utility of consumption against the disutility of expenditure. Our model can be applied whenever a consumer’s demand over a strict subset of all available goods is being analysed; it can also be extended to settings with discrete goods and non-linear prices. To illustrate its use, we apply our model to a single-agent data set and to a data set with repeated cross-sections. We develop a novel test of linear hypotheses on partially identified parameters to estimate the proportion of the population who are revealed better off due to a price change in the latter application. This new technique can be used for non-parametric counterfactual analysis more broadly.
Stem Cell Therapies for Chronic Liver Diseases: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Li Tian-Tian , Wang Ze-Rui , Yao Wei-Qi , Linghu En-Qiang , Wang Fu-Sheng , Shi Lei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chronic liver diseases have become a significant health issue worldwide and urgently require the development of novel therapeutic approaches, in addition to liver transplantation. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that cell-based therapeutic strategies may contribute to the improvement of chronic liver diseases and offer new therapeutic options to restore liver function through their roles in tissue impairment and immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the current progress and analyze the challenges for different types of cell therapies used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases currently explored in clinical trials and preclinical studies in animal models. We also discuss some critical issues regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, the most extensive cell source of stem cells), including therapeutic dosage, transfusion routine, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of transfused MSCs.
Real-Time PCR Detection of Elsinoë spp. on Citrus
Authors: Elliott Ashleigh J. , van Raak Marcel M. J. P. , Barnes Ann V. , Field Christopher J. , van Duijnhoven Aron A. L. A. M. , Webb Kathryn , van de Vossenberg Bart T. L. H. 
Published: August 2022

Elsinoë species are the causal agents of scab and spot diseases on many economically important plant species. Diagnosis based on symptomology is often problematic, and traditional methods are not appropriate as Elsinoë spp. are notoriously difficult to isolate and slow growing. Three Elsinoë species that infect Citrus are regulated as quarantine organisms within the European Union. Reliable and fast detection of Elsinoë species on citrus fruit is essential for effective phytosanitary control. In this study, a multiplex real-time PCR was designed for rapid and sensitive detection of Elsinoë species, and validation was focused on citrus fruit. The test was specific to the Elsinoë genus when tested against a range of nontarget pathogens and had the ability to detect all three regulated Elsinoë species on Citrus. The test also proved highly sensitive, with a limit of detection of 12 fg of DNA per reaction. This new test can be used as a tool in the diagnostic process for the rapid and sensitive detection of Elsinoë pathogens on symptomatic plant material. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Capturing Essentials in Wound Photography Past, Present, and Future: A Proposed Algorithm for Standardization
Authors: Onuh Ogechukwu C. , Brydges Hilliard T. , Nasr Hani , Savage Elizabeth , Gorenstein Scott , Chiu Ernest 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE
To discuss a standardized methodology for wound photography with a focus on aiding clinicians in capturing high-fidelity images.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will be able to:
1. Discriminate the components of high-quality wound photography.
2. Identify the technological innovations that can augment clinical decision-making capacity.
3. Choose strategies that can help clinicians avoid adverse medicolegal outcomes.

Significance
According to a 2018 study, chronic wounds affect more than 8 million Americans and impose a substantial economic burden, with costs of care reaching upward of US $30 billion. As demographics in the US shift toward an aging population, these numbers are likely to progressively increase annually. Care of these patients relies heavily on photographic documentation, which catalogs disease progression and informs management decisions. This article elaborates a standardized methodology for wound photography and aims to aid clinicians in capturing high-fidelity images.

Recent Advances
Technological advancements, notably digital cameras and smart phones, have exponentially improved both the rate and quality of wound photography, but their potential has yet to be fully realized.

Critical Issues
Despite the indispensable nature of wound photography, literature detailing the photography process remains sparse. The absence of a standardized methodology for wound photography leads to subpar documentation, which ultimately hinders patient care. Further, information regarding medicolegal implications of wound photography remains fragmented and opaque to many clinicians. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of best practices in wound photography, medicolegal considerations, and an overview of emerging technologies.

Future Directions
Photographic documentation is indispensable in the management of chronic wounds. Capturing consistent, high-fidelity images requires the adoption of standardized protocols. Emerging technologies, such as three-dimensional imagery, biosensors, and artificial intelligence, are poised to profoundly alter wound photography in the future. However, standardized protocols informed by sound clinical judgment will remain of paramount importance.
Building a Business Case for Hiring Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses
Authors: Gallagher Mary Anne , Chraplyvy Natalia 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe how one organization built a business case for a wound, ostomy, and continence (WOC) nurse team expansion.

SETTING
The organization is part of a multihospital system; it is an 862-bed, urban, academic medical center with a gastrointestinal surgery program.

METHODS
The director of nursing and the WOC nurse staff worked collaboratively to build a staffing proposal. Finding a lack of published staffing guidelines for WOC nurses, researchers assessed workload and volume growth, benchmarked internal and external staffing, and conducted a market comparison. The proposal demonstrated impact on care outcomes related to a reduction in WOC nurses.

RESULTS
Based on the case presented, the Off Budget Investment Team committee was satisfied that additional WOC nurse resources would bring both quality and financial value to the organization by reducing hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) incidence and increasing ostomy consults. Approval of additional full-time equivalents was contingent upon a commitment to reduce year-over-year HAPI incidence and to assess the additional costs of treating a HAPI, specific to this organization.

CONCLUSIONS
Wound ostomy continence nurses bring value to clinical outcomes that impact patient experience, direct and indirect expenses, rankings, reputation, liability, and pay for performance.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Extremity Open Wound Management: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Van Rysselberghe Noelle L. , Gonzalez Christian A. , Calderon Christian , Mansour Adam , Oquendo Yousi A. , Gardner Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

Summary:
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with reticulated open cell foam is used commonly in orthopaedic trauma, particularly in the management of complex open fracture wounds. This article reviews the literature to date regarding this adjunctive treatment, particularly in regard to removal of infectious material, temporary management of wounds pending soft tissue reconstruction, combat wounds, and over split-thickness skin grafts. Mechanism of action is also reviewed, including stabilization of the wound environment, edema control, macrodeformation, and microdeformation effects. Use of NPWT as an adjunct in management of open fractures along with operative debridement, systemic antibiotics, and early soft tissue reconstruction are the highest yield interventions for managing open fracture wounds with infection. NPWT as an adjunct therapy in the protocol for open fractures seems to add additional clinical benefit for patients with severe open fracture wounds not amenable to primary, immediate closure.
Adult Trauma Patients With Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score of 4
Authors: Naftchi Alexandria F. , Vazquez Sima , Spirollari Eris , Carpenter Austin B. , Ng Christina , Zeller Sabrina , Feldstein Eric , Rawanduzy Cameron , Das Ankita , Gabriele Christian , Gandhi Ronan , Stein Alan , Frid Ilya , Dominguez Jose F. , Hanft Simon J. , Houten John K. , Kinon Merritt D. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
Systematic review.

Objective:
Evaluate characteristics of patients with thoracolumbar injury classification and severity (TLICS) score of 4 (To4) severity traumatic thoracolumbar injury.

Summary of Background Data:
The TLICS score is used to predict the need for operative versus nonoperative management in adult patients with traumatic thoracolumbar injury. Ambiguity exists in its application and score categorization.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was performed. The databases of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Review were queried. Studies included adults with traumatic thoracolumbar injury with assigned TLICS score and description of management strategy.

Results:
A total of 16 studies met inclusion criteria representing 1911 adult patients with traumatic thoracolumbar injury. There were 503 (26.32%) patients with To4, of which 298 (59.24%) were operative. Studies focusing on the thoracolumbar junction and AO Type A fracture morphology had To4 patient incidences of 11.15% and 52.94%, respectively. Multiple studies describe better quality of life, pain scores, and radiographic outcomes in To4 who underwent operative treatment patients.

Conclusion:
To4 injuries are more commonly AO Type A and located in the thoracolumbar junction in adult patients with traumatic thoracolumbar injury. Despite ambiguous recommendations regarding treatment provided by TLICS, outcomes favor operative intervention in this subset of traumatic thoracolumbar injury patients.
Beyond ibrutinib: novel BTK inhibitors for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Perutelli Francesca , Montalbano Maria Chiara , Boccellato Elia , Coscia Marta , Vitale Candida 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the review
Ibrutinib was the first Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) approved for clinical use, contributing to a dramatic change in the treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This review provides an overview of next-generation BTKi that have been recently approved or are being investigated for the treatment of CLL, specifically highlighting differences and similarities compared to ibrutinib.

Recent findings
Acalabrutinib presented comparable response rates to ibrutinib with lower rates of adverse events and is currently approved for the treatment of CLL. Zanubrutinib displayed excellent response rates with a lower incidence of BTKi-related adverse events, but major rates of neutropenia, and its approval is awaited. With the aim of overcoming drug resistance, noncovalent BTKi have been developed. Of all the explored agents to date, pirtobrutinib has shown promising results with manageable toxicities.

Summary
For the treatment of CLL, several effective therapeutic strategies to target BTK are or will soon be available: these drugs present different safety profiles, thus making it possible to tailor the treatment choice according to patient's characteristics. Importantly, noncovalent BTKi will provide a therapeutic chance also for those relapsed/refractory CLL patients who are BTKi-resistant and are considered an unmet clinical need.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF VASOPROLIFERATIVE RETINAL TUMORS' REFRACTORY TO NONINVASIVE THERAPIES
Authors: Mares Virginia , Veloso Carlos E. , Pulido Jose S. , Nehemy Marcio B. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment of refractory vasoproliferative retinal tumors (VPTs) and its complications.

Methods:
Clinical charts of all patients diagnosed with VPTs who underwent surgical treatment from 2005 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical features, surgical techniques, and outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
From 25 eyes of 23 patients with VPTs, 17 (68%) eyes underwent surgical intervention to treat tumor activity and associated complications including epiretinal membrane (n = 10, 59%), retinal detachment (n = 8, 47%), and vitreous hemorrhage (n = 3, 18%). All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy with endolaser/cryotherapy to control tumor activity and to treat associated complications. Three cases required tumor resection. At the end of follow-up (mean 55.4 months, range 2–305 months), no eye presented tumor activity or retinal detachment after one or two surgeries. There was no epiretinal membrane recurrence. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 1.2 ± 0.7 logMAR, and the mean final best-corrected visual acuity was 0.7 ± 0.6 logMAR (P < 0.05). The best-corrected visual acuity improved two or more lines in 12 (70.5%) eyes at the end of follow-up.

Conclusion:
In this series of patients with large active VPTs, surgical intervention allowed control of the tumor activity in all patients and provided overall satisfactory anatomic and functional outcomes.
A PIGMENTED FUNDUS LESION WITH PSEUDOHYPOPYON AND SUBRETINAL FLUID RESEMBLING UNILATERAL RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DYSGENESIS
Authors: Krohn Jørgen , Vorren Alietha C.Y. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To describe multimodal imaging findings in a patient with a rare, symptomatic fundus lesion arising from the retinal pigment epithelium.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 36-year-old woman presented with photopsia in her left eye. Funduscopy revealed an 8-mm × 7-mm, dark brown lesion at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium inferior to the macula. The lesion had an irregular, cauliflower-like border and a light grey subretinal pseudohypopyon. On fundus autofluorescence, the lesion was markedly hypoautofluorescent with an irregular hyperautofluorescent margin. It was generally hyopofluorescent on fluorescein angiography and moderately hypofluorescent on indocyanine green angiography. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed a fine layer of subretinal fluid over the entire lesion, thinning of the outer retinal layers with loss of photoreceptors, and an irregular retinal pigment epithelium. Multiple drusen-like subretinal deposits were located along the lesion margin, and inferiorly, the pseudohypopyon appeared as a hyperreflective subretinal mass. During 3 years of follow-up, her symptoms remained unchanged and fundus photography showed minimal enlargement of the lesion.

Conclusion:
Multimodal imaging findings of a solitary pigmented retinal pigment epithelium lesion with pseudohypopyon and subretinal fluid are shown. The lesion may represent an atypical variant of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis.
Firefighter Well-Being Defined and Operationalized at the Organizational and Worker Level
Authors: Kling Hannah E. , Maldonado Luisa , St George Sara M. , Brannan Debi , Murphy Lauren A. , Schaefer Solle Natasha , Kobetz Erin N. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to define and explore organizational- and worker-level factors of firefighter well-being.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected using interviews and focus group sessions among 17 career firefighters across 4 fire departments. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a general inductive approach was used to code similar concepts into themes.

Results
Firefighters defined well-being as being content with oneself and being able to balance ones’ emotional, mental, and physical health. Themes contributing to firefighter well-being include the nature of the job, the influence of others, and physical health. Subthemes mapping to themes include dealing with trauma, compartmentalizing work and home life, coworkers and station culture, the role of superiors on attitudes and practices, being a reliable firefighter, and lack of sleep.

Conclusions
Career firefighters describe well-being as a holistic approach to balancing emotional, mental, and physical health.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) and Pathologic Assessment of Electronic Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury (EVALI)
Authors: Harry-Hernandez Salem , Thiboutot Jeffrey , Wahidi Momen M. , Giovacchini Coral X. , De Cardenas Jose , Meldrum Catherine , Los Jenna G. , Illei Peter B. , Shojaee Samira , Eissenberg Thomas , DiBardino David , Giannini Heather , Maldonado Fabien , Roller Lance , Yarmus Lonny B. , Kapp Christopher M. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
E-cigarette or vaping-use related acute lung injury (EVALI) is a spectrum of radiographic and histologic patterns consistent with acute to subacute lung injury. However, limited data exist characterizing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings. The goal of this study is to further define the pathologic findings from BAL and biopsy samples of subjects with EVALI across 7 institutions.

Methods:
A multicentered registry of patients admitted with EVALI who underwent flexible bronchoscopy with BAL+/−transbronchial biopsy from July 2019 to April 2021 was compiled for retrospective evaluation from 7 academic institutions throughout the United States. Radiographic and cytopathologic findings and frequencies were correlated with the substance vaped.

Results:
Data from 21 subjects (42.9% women) who were predominantly White (76.2%) with a median age of 25 years (range, 16 to 68) with EVALI were included in this study. Sixteen patients (76.2%) reported use of tetrahydrocannabinol; the remainder used nicotine. BAL was performed in 19 of the 21 subjects, and transbronchial lung biopsy was performed in 7 subjects. BAL findings revealed neutrophilic predominance (median, 59.5%, range, 3.1 to 98) in most cases. Ten BAL samples demonstrated pulmonary eosinophilia ranging from 0.2% to 49.1% with one subject suggesting a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with the use of e-cigarettes. Lipid-laden macrophages were noted in 10 of 15 reports (66.7%). Transbronchial biopsy most frequently demonstrated patterns of organizing pneumonia (57.1%).

Conclusion:
EVALI-associated BAL findings typically demonstrate a spectrum of nonspecific inflammatory changes, including neutrophilia, lipid-laden macrophages, and in some cases eosinophilia.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation in obstructive sleep apnoea: current developments and concepts of the TESLA-home programme
Authors: Nasser Ebrahim , Ratneswaran Deeban , Alsharifi Abdulaziz , Williams Adrian J. , Steier Joerg 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition affecting about 1 billion people worldwide. The first line therapy for most patients with OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. However, there are significant limitations with long-term adherence to CPAP therapy, which may be as low as 30–60%.

Recent finding
Electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve has been studied in recent years. It achieves upper airway patency by causing a contraction of the genioglossus muscle, the strongest dilator of the upper airway, and by maintaining its neuromuscular tone in the asleep patient with OSA. Electrical stimulation can be delivered invasively, hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS), and noninvasively, transcutaneous electrical stimulation in OSA (TESLA). However, randomised controlled trials, the STAR and the TESLA trial, have provided promising results on efficacy and safety of the methods.

Summary
Patient and public involvement underlines the interest in TESLA and HNS and highlights the need to provide non-CPAP therapeutic options to those who may find it difficult to cope with first line therapies. The relatively low costs and the favourable safety profile of the TESLA approach provide the chance to offer this treatment to patients with OSA following further development of the evidence.
Caregiver stress and social determinants of health in key populations: immigrant parents, parents of children with medical complexity, and adolescent parents
Authors: Smiley Yael , Silberholz Elizabeth , Bekele ElShadey , Brodie Nicola 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To examine the five domains of social determinants of health – economic stability, education access, healthcare access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context – and how these relate to caregiver stress in under-resourced populations.

Recent findings
Socioeconomic and family factors are increasingly understood as drivers of child health. Caregiver stress can impact family stability and child wellbeing. Immigrant parents, caregivers of children with medical complexity, and adolescent parents experience stressors due to the unique needs of their families. These groups of parents and caregivers also face various challenges identified as social determinants of health. Interventions to mitigate these challenges can promote resilience, care coordination, and community-based supports.

Summary
Current research describes caregiver stress in key populations, how caregiver stress affects children, and approaches to minimize and mitigate these effects. Pediatric providers can implement best practices to support families who are navigating stress due to caregiving and social determinants of health.