bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Biological Activities of Heterocyclic Compounds Comprising
Oxadiazole Moieties
Authors: Ruan Ban-Feng , Guo Qing-Lei , Li Qing-Shan , Li Lu-Zhi , Deora Girdhar Singh , Zhou Ben-Guo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The oxadiazole core is considered a privileged moiety in many medicinal chemistry applications.
The oxadiazole class includes 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, and
1,2,5-oxadiazole. Compounds bearing an oxadiazole ring show a wide range of biological activities,
such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, and insecticidal properties. Among
oxadiazoles, the 1,3,4-oxadiazole has been the most widely explored moiety in medicinal chemistry
research. This review is primarily focused on the anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory
activities of compounds containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,5-oxadiazole reported
in the last five years.
PERANCANGAN BATIK TULIS DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN VISUAL GRAFFITI
Authors: Munawaroh Yati Anwar , Josef Adji Isworo 
Published: February 2022

Batik merupakan budaya yang berasal dari rakyat dan selalu berkembang mengikuti zaman dan lingkungan. Pengembangan dari perancangan batik dilakukan untuk membuka kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru ke arah yang lebih luas lagi, dengan eksplorasi visual dan berani menerobos batasan-batasan batik konvensional. Tujuan dari perancangan batik ini adalah menghasilkan variasi produk batik tulis yang ditujukan untuk wanita usia 19- 25 tahun. Metode yang digunakan terdiri dari metode perancangan dengan teori Collin Clipson, konsep perancangan, dan visualisasi. Seluruh rancangan desain memanfaatkan visual graffiti menjadi motif utama. Visual graffiti menjadikan batik yang dikembangkan unik, karena tidak hanya sebagai bentuk ekspresi seni, graffiti juga digunakan sebagai media komunikasi. Kata atau kalimat yang diolah menjadi graffiti menggunakan tema streetfood yang ada di Indonesia. Pengolahan nama streetfood Indonesia yang dieksplor menjadi graffiti diambil sebagai simbol budaya populer yang ada di Indonesia dengan tetap mempertahankan nilai tradisi pada batik itu sendiri. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah produk berupa kain batik dan busana ready-to-wear. Kata Kunci: batik tulis, graffiti, streetfood BATIK TULIS DESIGN USING VISUAL GRAFFITI Abstract Batik is a people-based culture that evolves with the times and the surroundings. By aesthetic research and daring to push the limitations of conventional batik, the evolution of batik design aims to offer new possibilities in a larger direction. This batik design intends to provide a variety of written batik products aimed at women between 19 and 25. The design process employed combines Collin Clipson theory, design concepts, and visualization. Each design incorporates visual graffiti as the primary motif. Visual graffiti distinguishes developed batik from others, as graffiti is utilized as a means of communication in addition to aesthetic expression. Words or statements that have been transformed into graffiti use the theme of Indonesian street food. The transformation of Indonesian street food names into graffiti serves as a sign of popular culture in Indonesia while preserving the traditional value of batik. The results of this design are batik cloth and ready-to-wear clothing. Keywords: batik tulis, graffiti, streetfood
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBJECT MODULE OF THE PRINCIPAL STRING INSTRUMENT (BEGINNER) AT THE MUSIC ARTS STUDY PROGRAM, FBS, UNESA
Authors: Dewi Vivi Ervina , Karyawanto Harpang Yudha , Kristiandri Dhani 
Published: February 2022

This study program is under the Department of Art, Drama, Dance, and Music, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This program uses the Independent Learning Curriculum. A course on the principal string instrument (beginner) is featured in the third semester. However, there are still many issues with its execution. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students must study at home. Thus, this scenario affects students' capacities. As a result, this research will show the development and effectiveness of a subject module of the principal string instrument (beginner) at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This study uses the ADDIE learning design model (Analysis-Design-Develop-Implement-Evaluate). Learning products research produces a learning module designed to help students improve their violin playing skills, especially in the principal string instrument (beginner). Developing the principal string instrument (beginner) learning module begins with a needs analysis based on observation, field studies, and literature. Each stage of product development involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The design results were assessed by material, language, and graphic experts and revised. After revisions, the product was tested on students of the music arts study program, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The results are packaged as learning modules for music arts lecturers and students. The development research results show that using products in learning modules can improve violin playing skills. The t-test value of 0.000 indicates that the experimental and control groups differ significantly.Keywords: Development, Module, Learning, Violin.
User Perceptions of Different Vital Signs Monitor Modalities During High-Fidelity Simulation: Semiquantitative Analysis
Authors: Akbas Samira , Said Sadiq , Roche Tadzio Raoul , Nöthiger Christoph B , Spahn Donat R , Tscholl David W , Bergauer Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Background
Patient safety during anesthesia is crucially dependent on the monitoring of vital signs. However, the values obtained must also be perceived and correctly classified by the attending care providers. To facilitate these processes, we developed Visual-Patient-avatar, an animated virtual model of the monitored patient, which innovatively presents numerical and waveform data following user-centered design principles. After a high-fidelity simulation study, we analyzed the participants’ perceptions of 3 different monitor modalities, including this newly introduced technique.

Objective
The aim of this study was to collect and evaluate participants’ opinions and experiences regarding 3 different monitor modalities, which are Visual-Patient-avatar, Split Screen (avatar and Conventional monitor alongside each other), and Conventional monitor after using them during simulated critical anesthetic events.

Methods
This study was a researcher-initiated, single-center, semiquantitative study. We asked 92 care providers right after finishing 3 simulated emergency scenarios about their positive and negative opinions concerning the different monitor modalities. We processed the field notes obtained and derived the main categories and corresponding subthemes following qualitative research methods.

Results
We gained a total of 307 statements. Through a context-based analysis, we identified the 3 main categories of “Visual-Patient-avatar,” “Split Screen,” and “Conventional monitor” and divided them into 11 positive and negative subthemes. We achieved substantial interrater reliability in assigning the statements to 1 of the topics. Most of the statements concerned the design and usability features of the avatar or the Split Screen mode.

Conclusions
This study semiquantitatively reviewed the clinical applicability of the Visual-Patient-avatar technique in a high-fidelity simulation study and revealed the strengths and limitations of the avatar only and Split Screen modality. In addition to valuable suggestions for improving the design, the requirement for training prior to clinical implementation was emphasized. The responses to the Split Screen suggest that this symbiotic modality generates better situation awareness in combination with numerical data and accurate curves. As a subsequent development step, a real-life introduction study is planned, where we will test the avatar in Split Screen mode under actual clinical conditions.
Reported Adverse Events Following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Jordan
Authors: Shoubaki Areej Hamed , Aqel Ashraf , Yacoub Mahmoud , Asad Majed 
Published: February 2022

Background
The expediency in producing and approving vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. Regrettably, this fomented public distrust and misinformation about vaccination. The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine was the first to be approved for mass use after phase 3 clinical trials affirmed its safety and efficacy. Vaccine safety monitoring is ongoing.

Objective
This study aims to describe reported adverse events following immunization with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among first recipients in Jordan.

Methods
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on data extracted from the Ministry of Health’s database for the National Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from January to May 2021. The frequency of adverse events was compared between the first and second doses and across age groups, gender, and comorbidities. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.

Results
In total 1874 individuals who received both doses of the vaccine were studied. The mean age was 68 years, with a 2:1 male to female ratio and 73% with comorbidities. About two-thirds (68%) of recipients reported side effects after the first dose, 54.3% after the second, and 53.3% after both. Most common side effects following each and both doses were pain at the injection site (32%), fatigue (16%), and headache (8%), followed by fever, myalgia, and arthralgia. Overall, reported side effects increased 1.4 times after the second dose mostly for systemic side effects. Significantly, more females reported side effects than males, while those with comorbidities reported comparatively fewer side effects (52.2%) than the medically free (59%). Further, 72.5% of recipients aged 55 years or younger reported side effects compared to 50% of older recipients. No anaphylactic reactions were reported. Severe side effects were rare and self-limiting, including tachycardia (n=4), shortness of breath (n=28), and lower limb paresthesia (n=6).

Conclusions
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has proven to be safe and well tolerated among vulnerable recipients with comorbidities. Continuous adverse event surveillance and follow-up are recommended.
TRATAMIENTO DEL FRACASO RENAL AGUDO EN EL MIELOMA MÚLTIPLE MEDIANTE DIFERENTES TÉCNICAS DE DIÁLISIS: EXPERIENCIA EN UN CENTRO
Authors: Hernández García Elena 
Published: February 2022

El mieloma múltiple (MM) es una entidad hematológica caracterizada por una descontrolada proliferación de células plasmáticas con importante cantidad de cadenas ligeras libres en sangre (CLLs), pudiendo desarrollar un fracaso renal agudo (FRA) en más del 20% de pacientes, donde la mitad precisará diálisis. Recientemente han aparecido diferentes membranas de diálisis capaces de aclarar eficazmente las CLLs.
Presentamos nuestra experiencia sobre siete pacientes diagnosticados de MM y FRA tratados con diálisis mediante filtros de high cut off (HCO) y polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). Cinco de los casos presentaban MM con CLLs kappa y dos CLLs lambda. Se realizaron una media de 6,5 sesiones diarias de 6 horas de duración, utilizando el filtro Theralite de 2,1m2 (Gambro) y filtros BK (Toray) de 2,1 m2. Posteriormente, se continuó a días alternos de igual duración hasta que el paciente recuperó función renal permaneciendo independiente de diálisis o las CLLs fueron menores de 500 mg/L.
El tratamiento se mostró efectivo para eliminar CLLs con un porcentaje medio de disminución de CLLs desde el inicio hasta el final del tratamiento de 91.24%. Seis casos recuperaron función renal permaneciendo independientes de diálisis.
La diálisis larga con estos filtros resultó eficaz para reducir los niveles de CLLs y recuperar un nivel de función renal suficiente en el 85.71% de los casos descritos. El único caso que no respondió asociaba un largo tiempo de evolución previo de la patología. Consideramos fundamental el inicio precoz de la quimioterapia junto con la diálisis con estas membranas especiales para aumentar la supervivencia.
Simón Rodríguez y la educación republicana: relaciones entre el sur de Colombia-Túquerres y el norte de Ecuador-Latacunga
Authors: Paladines Escudero Carlos Augusto 
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relación entre Túquerres y Latacunga a partir de la acción y la teoría desplegada por Simón Rodríguez en uno y otro lugar durante la construcción de la República. A lo largo del texto se muestra la importancia asignada por Simón Rodríguez a la conformación de la República; se analizan los principales componentes de la educación republicana y su metodología de implementación, y finalmente, se aborda las relaciones de esta vasta región respecto del sistema de educación que se requiere en la actualidad.
Pocos proyectos educativos han resaltado tanto la profunda vinculación de la educación con la vida democrática y social como el de Simón Rodríguez; de ahí que comprender este modelo suponga examinar previamente su concepción de la sociedad americana, la misma que, a su criterio se presentaba marcada no solo por agudos conflictos nacionales sino ante todo por los de carácter social y por eso dividida por un nuevo género de dominadores y dominados. Sobre estas y otras categorías organiza Simón Rodríguez su plan de una ‘educación republicana y social’, como él mismo la denomina, y sobre la cual nos narra que hacía ya más de veinticuatro años que él venía hablando y escribiendo pública y privadamente, apoyándose en una fuerte crítica y ruptura con la educación tradicional o testamentaria e imprimiendo a su vez al proyecto un claro carácter alternativo. Es en la denuncia de un pasado heredado y vigente, así como en el anuncio de un porvenir por construir, como constituye el plan de una ‘educación republicana y social’, haciendo que una y otra fase del proyecto confluyesen como las dos caras de una misma moneda.
Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral en inglés a través del enfoque comunicativo y el juego de roles
Authors: García Benavides Lady Karolina 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo de investigación es el resultado del estudio: “Desarrollo de la producción oral del inglés a través del Enfoque Comunicativo en los estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad de Nariño, Sede Ipiales”, se llevó a cabo con los estudiantes de IV nivel y se enfocó en demostrar que la implementación del Enfoque Comunicativo (EC) y del juego de roles favorece la Competencia Comunicativa oral (CCO) del inglés de los mencionados estudiantes.
La aplicación de los lineamientos del paradigma cualitativo, del enfoque etnográfico y de la investigación acción que orientaron el proceso investigativo, inició con la identificación del problema y culminó con la narración de historias de la cotidianidad de la ciudad de Ipiales realizada por los estudiantes. Dichas producciones que fusionaron creativamente la competencia lingüística y la competencia comunicativa fueron integradas en la cartilla English and Culture - Authentic texts, la cual constituye un importante material didáctico que puede utilizarse para enseñar lenguas extranjeras a partir de las experiencias, intereses y expectativas que hacen parte de la cotidianidad de los estudiantes. Finalmente, el estudio permitió concluir que las dificultades de los estudiantes para expresarse oralmente en una lengua extranjera, (LE) pueden disminuir por medio de la aplicación del enfoque comunicativo y del juego de roles que, a través de un ejercicio de transposición didáctica, suscita sentimientos, sensaciones y actitudes de seguridad, autonomía, imaginación y espontaneidad que se evidencian en las interacciones verbales de los estudiantes.
AGAINST THE AUTONOMY ARGUMENT FOR MANDATORY GMO LABELING
Authors: Herington Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many argue that consumers possess a “right to know” when products contain ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms, on the grounds that it would protect consumer autonomy. In this paper, I critically evaluate that claim. I begin by providing a version of the “consumer autonomy” argument, showing that its success relies on ambiguities in the notion of autonomy. I then distinguish four approaches to autonomy and articulate the circumstances under which they would support active disclosure of a product property. I argue that none of these conceptions would support active disclosure of the presence of ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms.
GUN VIOLENCE AS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
Authors: Metcalf Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I offer a new proposal to prevent some of the harms of gun violence in the United States. First, I argue that gun violence is a negative externality of gun production, on an analogy with industrial pollution. Second, I outline a law that the United States might use to internalize the violent costs of gun production. This law would provide a financial incentive for gun manufacturers to reduce gun violence in whatever legally permissible way they can, not necessarily by reducing the prevalence of gun ownership. Thus, strictly speaking, my proposal would be a form of gun violence control, not gun control per se. Third, I show that this approach to controlling gun violence avoids the three main pro-gun-rights arguments: the Consequentialistic Argument, the Moral Rights Argument, and the Legal Rights Argument. I conclude by explaining why even libertarians should have few principled objections to my proposal.
EGALITARIANISM AND PUBLIC FUNDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECTOGENESIS
Authors: Gelfand Scott David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Anna Smajdor claims that one means of addressing the declining fertility rate of Western countries is to develop artificial womb technology and to provide widespread access to this technology. Smajdor claims that Ronald Dworkin’s resource egalitarianism justifies this approach. In this essay, I argue that Dworkin’s resource egalitarianism does not justify the development of artificial womb technology. I furthermore claim that we must examine a variety of issues, including how the presence of artificial womb technology will affect society, before developing this technology.
LIBERAL CITIZENSHIP AND THE ISOLATED TRIBES OF BRAZIL
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since 1987, the Brazilian government has implemented a no-contact policy, which prevents contact between isolated indigenous tribes in the Amazon and members of the general public, including state officials. The government justifies this policy on the grounds that contact would expose members of isolated tribes to dangerous illnesses as well as violate their right to determine their own life processes. In this essay, I bring liberal theory to bear on the question of whether Brazil’s treatment of isolated indigenous tribes is justified. I argue that the current policy actually fails to treat isolated indigenous persons as free and equal.
POLICING, INCARCERATION, RACE, AND PROTEST AFTER FERGUSON
Authors: Barker Chris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article asks whether mass incarceration is a system and whether harsh treatment in that system is motivated by explicit and implicit racial bias. To describe this system, I adopt an alternative term, “penal regime,” which has the benefit of permitting a more inclusive and systematic account of law enforcement, courts, and corrections. My analysis is based on the important fact that US penal regimes are democratic and, to be understood in context, must be tied to American punitive and racial attitudes as expressed through the discretion of elected officeholders. I find that a racial empathy gap explains some important problems with criminal justice, and I argue that protest speech about police conduct may cross the empathy gap in a manner that deserves significant theoretical attention and practical support.
DEMOCRATIC AUTHORITY AND STATE SECRECY
Authors: Mokrosinska Dorota 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
May secret uses of power by democratic states be a legitimate exercise of democratic authority? The concerns about and the conditions of the democratic authority of secret exercises of political power have hitherto been argued to reside in the substantial and procedural side-constraints on the exercise of political authority. This essay approaches the problem of secrecy in democratic governance from a new angle by linking the problem of secret uses of power to the formal features of political authority, namely, its content-independent character. The focus is thus not on how political authority ought to be exercised but, instead, on what political authority exercised by democratic states is. In this context, the essay revisits Dennis Thompson’s seminal defense of secrecy in democratic states.
PROMISCUITY, PEDOPHILIA, RAPE, AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEXUAL
Authors: Woollard Fiona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper uses a dilemma presented by David Benatar to explore the challenges that “Sexual Liberals” face in giving a satisfactory account of sexual ethics. A satisfactory Sexual Liberal account of sexual ethics must be able to fully explain the wrongness of sexual assault without implying that sexual activity should be restricted to those in love. The assumption that this is impossible may be due to mistakes in our thinking about sexual assault. However, even when such mistakes are resolved, producing a satisfactory account of sexual ethics requires Sexual Liberals to confront the significance of the sexual in human life. I describe an account of sexual desire that explains the significance of the sexual in human life without forcing us to endorse a restrictive sexual ethics.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FOR NON-RACIALISTS
Authors: Jonker Julian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Is affirmative action aimed at racial justice compatible with non-racialism? Insofar as affirmative action interventions go beyond measures aimed at de-biasing selection procedures, they are typically framed in a way that assumes that candidates belong to racial groups, and that candidates’ racial identities can and should be revealed to selection committees. The non-racialist denies the latter, and so is likely to reject affirmative action. Yet race membership is a misleading way to frame affirmative action. Insofar as preferential treatment is justified, it is because affirmative action aims to correct harms and wrongs due to racism, rather than to promote individuals on the basis of their race. So there is moral reason to advantage candidates for positions insofar as they are victims of racism. I propose such a race-agnostic reformulation of affirmative action: vulnerability-based affirmative action. Vulnerability-based affirmative action goes beyond ensuring equality of opportunity (it is robust), and it does not implicitly endorse racial identities (it is non-racial). Vulnerability-based affirmative action has some advantages over comparable race-based measures: it allows for more context-sensitive judgments about compensation, and it puts us to the task of identifying patterns of racism and their effects.
COMMUNITY AS SOCIALIST VALUE
Authors: Spafford Jesse 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile socialists often appeal to community as a foundational value—where they take this value to be best promoted by a socialist economic system—few philosophers have attempted to develop an account of the concept. This paper remedies this oversight by providing a positive account of community qua socialist value wherein greater community is said to exist among the members of some groups to the extent that they have a greater disposition to enhance (and a weaker disposition to diminish) one another’s welfare. In defense of this account, the paper posits three desiderata that any theory of community should satisfy; it then argues that the dispositional account successfully satisfies these desiderata whereas the major rival accounts of community discussed in the literature do not.