bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of epidural temporal interference stimulation for minimally invasive electrical deep brain stimulation: simulation and phantom experimental studies
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Park Jimin , Choi Da Som , Lim Seokbeen , Kwak Youngjong , Jang Dong Pyo , Kim Dong Hwan , Ji Han Bi , Choy Young Bin , Im Chang-Hwan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) has shown the potential as a new method for selective stimulation of deep brain structures in small animal experiments. However, it is challenging to deliver a sufficient temporal interference (TI) current to directly induce an action potential in the deep area of the human brain when electrodes are attached to the scalp because the amount of injection current is generally limited due to safety issues. Thus, we propose a novel method called epidural TIS (eTIS) to address this issue; in this method, the electrodes are attached to the epidural surface under the skull. Approach. We employed finite element method (FEM)-based electric field simulations to demonstrate the feasibility of eTIS. We first optimized the electrode conditions to deliver maximum TI currents to each of the three different targets (anterior hippocampus, subthalamic nucleus, and ventral intermediate nucleus) based on FEM, and compared the stimulation focality between eTIS and transcranial TIS (tTIS). Moreover, we conducted realistic skull-phantom experiments for validating the accuracy of the computational simulation for eTIS. Main results. Our simulation results showed that eTIS has the advantage of avoiding the delivery of TI currents over unwanted neocortical regions compared with tTIS for all three targets. It was shown that the optimized eTIS could induce neural action potentials at each of the three targets when a sufficiently large current equivalent to that for epidural cortical stimulation is injected. Additionally, the simulated results and measured results via the phantom experiments were in good agreement. Significance. We demonstrated the feasibility of eTIS, facilitating more focalized and stronger electrical stimulation of deep brain regions than tTIS, with the relatively less invasive placement of electrodes than conventional deep brain stimulation via computational simulation and realistic skull phantom experiments.
Nature-inspired saccadic-like electrical stimulation paradigm promotes sustained retinal ganglion cell responses by spatiotemporally alternating activation of contiguous multi-electrode patterns
Authors: Haq Wadood , Basavaraju Sunetra , Speck Achim , Zrenner Eberhart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Retinal electrical stimulation using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) aims to restore visual object perception in blind patients. However, the rate and duration of the artificial visual sensations are limited due to the rapid response decay of the stimulated neurons. Hence, we investigated a novel nature-inspired saccadic-like stimulation paradigm (biomimetic) to evoke sustained retinal responses. For implementation, the macroelectrode was replaced by several contiguous microelectrodes and activated non-simultaneously but alternating topologically. Approach. MEAs with hexagonally arranged electrodes were utilized to simulate and record mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Two shapes were presented electrically using MEAs: a 6e-hexagon (six hexagonally arranged 10 µm electrodes; 6e-hexagon diameter: 80 µm) and a double-bar (180 µm spaced, 320 µm in length). Electrodes of each shape were activated in three different modes (simultaneous, circular, and biomimetic (‘zig-zag’)), stimulating at different frequencies (1–20 Hz). Main results. The biomimetic stimulation generated enhanced RGC responses increasing the activity rate by 87.78%. In the spatiotemporal context, the electrical representation of the 6e-hexagon produced sustained and local RGC responses (∼130 µm corresponding to ∼2.5° of the human visual angle) for up to 90 s at 10 Hz stimulation and resolved the electrically presented double-bar. In contrast, during conventional simultaneous stimulation, the responses were poor and declined within seconds. Similarly, the applicability of the biomimetic mode for retinal implants (7 × 8 pixels) was successfully demonstrated. An object shape impersonating a smile was presented electrically, and the recorded data were used to emulate the implant’s performance. The spatiotemporal pixel mapping of the activity produced a complete retinal image of the smile. Significance. The application of electrical stimulation in the biomimetic mode produced locally enhanced RGC responses with significantly reduced fading effects and yielded advanced spatiotemporal performance reflecting the presented electrode shapes in the mapped activity imprint. Therefore, it is likely that the RGC responses persist long enough to evoke visual perception and generate a seamless image, taking advantage of the flicker fusion. Hence, replacing the implant’s macroelectrodes with microelectrodes and their activation in a topologically alternating biomimetic fashion may overcome the patient’s perceptual image fading, thereby enhancing the spatiotemporal characteristics of artificial vision.
On the onset of advective flow in a stratified medium induced by weak symmetry breaking of horizontal translations
Authors: Ingel Lev Kh. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analytically study the mechanism of the onset of the liquid/gas flow in a non-isothermal stratified medium. The flow is induced by small spatial inhomogeneities of the exchange coefficients. In a statically stable stratified medium heated strictly from above, as is known, there is heat diffusion directed from top to bottom. We consider the system, which is slightly non-invariant with respect to translations along with horizontal directions. It may occur, for example, due to the dependence of the thermal conductivity coefficient on horizontal coordinates. In this case, we show that it could result in the rise of horizontal inhomogeneity in the distributions of buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure and, consequently, in the onset of the horizontal advection. We consider harmonic variations of the thermal conductivity of small amplitude. By applying a linear approximation to a set of governing equations, we derive explicit analytical expressions for temperature perturbations and velocity components. Finally, we investigate the possibility of an intense response of the system on slight initial symmetry breaking in a definite range of parameter values.
Development of CrystarPack numerical package for solving computational fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Konovalov V V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A computational package CrystarPack developed by the author is presented, which is designed to solve problems of continuum mechanics according to an implicit scheme using finite difference and finite volume methods on a Cartesian grid with a refined step, as well as a modified iterative Newton method with global convergence. The package has the form of a dll-library and is flexible and easy to customize for various physical problems, allowing its functionality to be included in the user-written code in any of the imperative programming languages.
Experimental study of liquids interface oscillatory dynamics in rotating slot gap
Authors: Dementeva Y S , Kobeleva V S , Kozlov V G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The shape of the interface between two liquids in a non-uniformly rotating slotted gap with a circular boundary is experimentally investigated. The liquids have different densities and a high viscosity contrast. We have found that the axisymmetric interface becomes unstable with an increase in the amplitude of the modulation of the rotation rate, a quasi-stationary azimuthally periodic relief excites in a threshold manner. The shape of the interface is studied by photoregistration as a function of the rotation rate, amplitude and frequency of the rotation rate modulation. The relative volume of a viscous liquid and the properties of liquids (viscosity contrast, relative density, coefficient of interfacial tension) vary. We found that the relief develops at the interface regardless of where the more viscous liquid is located, outside or inside.
The deformed oblate drop’s free translational oscillations
Authors: Kashina M A , Alabuzhev A A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Free translational oscillations of deformable liquid droplet are considered. It is placed into a vessel filled with another liquid. This droplet has an equilibrium revolution shape. The revolution axis of this form is perpendicular two parallel solid plates – floor and cover of vessel. The arbitrary equilibrium contact angle between the interface and the solid substrate can take arbitrary values in the range 0 and π. A contact line velocity is linearly proportional to contact angle deviation from its initial position. Proportionality coefficients (Hocking’s parameters) are individual for any substrate. They characterize individual dissipation coefficient, but whole system’s dissipation is proportional to a sum of all coefficients. There are three characteristic natural frequency intervals for the case of small aspect ratio. High frequencies are the capillary wave frequencies at the interface. The middle frequency is the fundamental or main one. Low frequencies correspond to the drop oscillations with a stationary contact angle. The cylindrical droplet has the highest frequency.
Development of Linkage Program Code OpenMC and ORIGEN2.2 for Neutronic Analysis and Burnup Nuclear Reactor Program
Authors: Ilham Muhammad , Raflis Helen , Suud Zaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the development of program code that coupling the ORIGEN2.2 for burn-up analysis with the Monte Carlo program OpenMC for neutron analysis program called OpenMC-ORIGEN (Op-OR). The results of the program have been compared with benchmark results from previously published results and MCNP6 program. The acquired results show a good agreement with benchmark results. This linkage program codes performed well for designing a new advanced reactor and analysing the neutronics parameter and burnup/depletion calculation.
Study Analysis of Multiplication Factor on ADS Transmutation System
Authors: Sudarmono  , Hastuti E P , Rohanda A , Ekariansyah A S , Kasesaz Y , Suwoto  
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New research technology for partition and transmutation (P-T) of minor actinide (MA) contained in high-level waste (HLW) has been carried out to design accelerator-based transmutation system or commonly known as Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) device. The objective of this system is to eliminate or minimize high-level radioactive waste that has long half-life and to develop long-term safety assurance in HLW management. Analysis done by using Origen2.1 and mCnP6 codes. As matrix, Th-232 with optimum weight 75% is used.. Comparing with , analysis results using MCNP shows that the use of PWR nuclear spent fuel for ADS device can be done by reprocessing to eliminate U-238 nuclide, which is the source of the formation of plutonium nuclide and minor actinides. From the results and discussion, it can be concluded that observation on transmutation of transuranic nuclides using ORIGEN2.1 Code on ADS device has been conducted successfully with LMFBR library. 15%-Th232 fuel has been justified as the most optimum ADS fuel based on K-inf reached at EOC on various fuel types. Mass reduction occurs at EOC for U-236, U-235, U-234, Th-232, Np-237, Pu-238, Am-241, Pu-242, and Cm 244. Radionuclides that experience mass changes during cooling time are Pu-238, Pu-240, Am-241, Pa-233, and Cm-244.
Antecedents and Consequences of Public Interest Litigations in Sustainable Environment Protection in India
Authors: Yadav Nikhil , Yadav Uma S , Singh Anurag B , Yadav Geetu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironment protection is one of the important concerns for policymakers. In this paper, the author has investigated available literature and court decisions and found that Public Interest Litigation has been played a crucial role in Sustainable Environment Protection in India
A Discussion on the Impacts of Ecological Intellectual Capital in Green Management
Authors: Suba M. , Inayath Ahamed S.B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ecological manpower administration is a process that also fully covered the Manpower administration procedures. eco-friendly manpower management is a major part of the profit creation and shortening the wastages in day-to-day business routines, as that concerns the scholar life to examine the relationships between the Green management and the financial movement of a firm. Most of the studies have some particular sets of factors that determine the functions of green human resource management. This study adds some specifications related to the financial outcomes by using or following ecological management practices. This is a conceptual study of the previous year’s literature.
Comparison of pulse-modulated and continuous operation modes of a radio-frequency inductive ion source
Authors: ZADIRIEV Ilya , KRALKINA Elena , VAVILIN Konstantin , NIKONOV Alexander , SHVIDKIY Georgy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper describes an experimental study of the characteristics of a pulse-modulated radio-frequency (RF) discharge sustained at low pressures, typical of the operating modes of RF gridded ion sources. The motivation for the study is the question of whether the RF pulse-modulated mode can increase the efficiency of the ion source. The ion current values extracted from an RF inductive ion source operating in continuous and pulse-modulated modes were compared. The experimental data were also compared with the parameter calculations based on a 0D numerical model of the discharge. The measurements showed that the pulse-modulated operation mode of the RF ion source had a noticeable advantage when the power of the RF generator was 140 W or lower. However, as the generator power increased, the advantage was lost because the pulse-modulated operation mode, having a higher RF power instant value, entered the region of existence sooner than the continuous mode, where the ion production cost begins to grow with RF power.
Steady-state tunable entanglement thermal machine using quantum dots
Authors: Das Anuranan , Khan Adil Anwar , Mishra Sattwik Deb , Solanki Parvinder , De Bitan , Muralidharan Bhaskaran , Vinjanampathy Sai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We propose a solid state thermal machine based on quantum dots to generate steady-state entanglement between distant spins. Unlike previous approaches our system can be controlled by experimentally feasible steady state currents manipulated by dc voltages. By analyzing the Liouvillian eigenspectrum as a function of the control parameters, we show that our device operates over a large voltage region. As an extension, the proposed device also works as an entanglement thermal machine under a temperature gradient that can even give rise to entanglement at zero voltage bias. Finally, we highlight a post-selection scheme based on currently feasible non-demolition measurement techniques that can generate perfect Bell-pairs from the steady state output of our thermal machine.
Translational levitation of a permanent magnet above the splicing plane of superconducting blocks under zero field cooling and its motion drag
Authors: Yang Wenjiang , Zhao Peng , Yan Juzhuang , Liu Zhaoxin , Hu Juntong , Deng Fuwen , Tang Haibin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Benefited from the combination of Messiner effect and flux pinning, a permanent magnet (PM) can give the self-stable levitation above a bulk superconductor. The phenomenon provides the basic principle of superconductors in wide applications such as HTS maglev trains and superconducting flywheel systems. When the superconductor works under some conditions without the flux pinning (for example zero-field cooling), the PM will show free motion along multi freedoms due to the full diamagnetism of superconductor. This paper investigated the drag characteristics of the PM moved above the diamagnetic plane spliced by superconducting bulks. The spliced diamagnetic plane can get rid of the limitation of the size of the single superconducting bulk, and realize low-drag translational motion levitation in a large area. The article builds a multidimensional levitation force measurement device to measure the vertical force and lateral force of the PM translation when the superconducting plane works at different temperature. It is found that the lateral force distribution in the PM translation shows with alternating peaks and valleys. The increase of the suspending air gap can reduce the lateral force fluctuation and realize low-drag translation. The translational lateral force has the smaller value at the center of a single superconducting block, and can be measured at the level less than 1 mN. The low drag characteristics bring the potential application of superconducting translational levitation in the low gravity ground simulation for attitude and orbit control experiments of satellites.
FINETUNA: fine-tuning accelerated molecular simulations
Authors: Musielewicz Joseph , Wang Xiaoxiao , Tian Tian , Ulissi Zachary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Progress towards the energy breakthroughs needed to combat climate change can be significantly accelerated through the efficient simulation of atomistic systems. However, simulation techniques based on first principles, such as density functional theory (DFT), are limited in their practical use due to their high computational expense. Machine learning approaches have the potential to approximate DFT in a computationally efficient manner, which could dramatically increase the impact of computational simulations on real-world problems. However, they are limited by their accuracy and the cost of generating labeled data. Here, we present an online active learning framework for accelerating the simulation of atomic systems efficiently and accurately by incorporating prior physical information learned by large-scale pre-trained graph neural network models from the Open Catalyst Project. Accelerating these simulations enables useful data to be generated more cheaply, allowing better models to be trained and more atomistic systems to be screened. We also present a method of comparing local optimization techniques on the basis of both their speed and accuracy. Experiments on 30 benchmark adsorbate-catalyst systems show that our method of transfer learning to incorporate prior information from pre-trained models accelerates simulations by reducing the number of DFT calculations by 91%, while meeting an accuracy threshold of 0.02 eV 93% of the time. Finally, we demonstrate a technique for leveraging the interactive functionality built in to Vienna ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) to efficiently compute single point calculations within our online active learning framework without the significant startup costs. This allows VASP to work in tandem with our framework while requiring 75% fewer self-consistent cycles than conventional single point calculations. The online active learning implementation, and examples using the VASP interactive code, are available in the open source FINETUNA package on Github.
Blood Pressure Cuff Sizes for Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2020
Authors: Jackson Sandra L , Gillespie Cathleen , Shimbo Daichi , Rakotz Michael , Wall Hilary K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension, defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use, affects approximately half of US adults, and appropriately sized BP cuffs are important for accurate BP measurement and hypertension management.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed 13,038 US adults (≥18 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–March 2020 cycles. Recommended BP cuff sizes were categorized based on mid-arm circumference: small adult (≤26 cm), adult (&gt;26 to ≤34 cm), large adult (&gt;34 to ≤44 cm), and extra-large adult (&gt;44 cm). Analyses were weighted and proportions were extrapolated to the US population.

RESULTS
Among US adults (246 million), recommended cuff sizes were: 6% (16 million) small adult, 51% adult (125 million), 40% large adult (98 million), and 3% extra-large adult (8 million). Among adults with hypertension (116 million), large or extra-large cuffs were needed by over half (51%) overall, including 65% of those aged 18–34 years and 84% of those with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). By race/ethnicity, the proportion needing a large or extra-large cuff was 57% of non-Hispanic Black adults, 54% of Hispanic adults, 51% of non-Hispanic White adults, and 23% of non-Hispanic Asian adults. Approximately 40% of adults with hypertension in Medicare needed a large or extra-large cuff, compared to 54% for private insurance and 53% for Medicaid.

CONCLUSIONS
Over half of US adults with hypertension need a large or extra-large BP cuff.
A Decolonial Crip Linguistics
Authors: Canagarajah Suresh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article opens a conversation between disability studies and linguistics from the author’s positionality from the Global South. It argues that capacity building for both the abled and disabled in the North is implicated in the disablement of people in the Global South. A decolonial orientation to disability studies values vulnerability, relationality, and ethics which are less privileged in the academy. The article demonstrates how such a crip linguistics might facilitate a different understanding of language competence and analysis. Bringing out the ableism in dominant models of language competence, the article illustrates how linguistics might conceive communication as anomalous embodiment. Such an orientation will move from grammatical norms to nonnormativity, and diversity to multiplicity, as speakers engage with social networks and material ecologies for generating meanings in distributed practice motivated by relational ethics.
Manifold classification of neuron types from microscopic images
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Qian Penghao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Analysis of cell types is recognized as a major task in current single-cell genotyping and phenotyping. In neuroscience, 3-D neuron morphologies are often reconstructed from multi-dimensional microscopic images. Recent studies indicate that neurons could form very complicated distributions in the feature space, and thus they can be explored using manifold analysis. We have developed manifold classification toolkit software to replace the conventional clustering analysis to discover cell subtypes from three state-of-the-art collections of single neurons’ 3-D morphologies that reconstructed from images. We have gathered 9208 3-D spatially registered whole mouse brain neurons from three datasets with the highest quality to date generated by the single neuron morphology community. To explore manifold distribution, our method uses minimum spanning tree-based principal skeletons to approximate locally linear embeddings, to explore the morphological feature spaces, which correspond to dendritic arbors, axonal arbors or both categories of arborization patterns of neurons. We show manifold classification is a suitable approach for a majority of often referred cell types, each of which was also discovered to contain multiple subtypes. Our results show an initial effort to employ manifold classification but not traditional clustering analysis as an alternative framework for analyzing 3-D neuron morphologies reconstructed from 3-D microscopic images.

Availability and implementation
Freely available at https://github.com/Mr-strlen/Cell_Pattern_Analysis_Tool.'