bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RF coil design for accurate parallel imaging on 13C MRSI using 23Na sensitivity profiles
Authors: Sanchez‐Heredia Juan D. , Olin Rie B. , Grist James T. , Wang Wenjun , Bøgh Nikolaj , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Hansen Esben S. , Schulte Rolf F. , Tyler Damian , Laustsen Christoffer , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan H. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeTo develop a coil‐based method to obtain accurate sensitivity profiles in 13C MRI at 3T from the endogenous 23Na. An eight‐channel array is designed for 13C MR acquisitions. As application examples, the array is used for two‐fold accelerated acquisitions of both hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging of pig kidneys and the human brain.MethodsA flexible coil array was tuned optimally for 13C at 3T (32.1 MHz), with the coil coupling coefficients matched to be nearly identical at the resonance frequency of 23Na (33.8 MHz). This is done by enforcing a high decoupling (obtained through highly mismatched preamplifiers) and adjusting the coupling frequency response. The SNR performance is compared to reference coils.ResultsThe measured sensitivity profiles on a phantom showed high spatial similarity for 13C and 23Na resonances, with average noise correlation of 9 and 11%, respectively. For acceleration factors 2, 3, and 4, the obtained maximum g‐factors were 1.0, 1.1, and 2.6, respectively. The 23Na profiles obtained in vivo could be used successfully to perform two‐fold acceleration of hyperpolarized 13C 3D acquisitions of both pig kidneys and a healthy human brain.ConclusionA receive array has been developed in such a way that the 13C sensitivity profiles could be accurately obtained from measurements at the 23Na frequency. This technique facilitates accelerated acquisitions for hyperpolarized 13C imaging. The SNR performance obtained at the 13C frequency, compares well to other state‐of‐the‐art coils for the same purpose, showing slightly better superficial and central SNR.
Limonene‐derived hollow polymer particles: Preparation and application for the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions
Authors: Wei Xin , Deng Siyu , Chen Dong , Wang Li , Yang Wantai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, a unique kind of sustainable limonene‐derived hollow polymeric particles (LHPPs) were synthesized based on a widely available biomass monocyclic terpene limonene, which could act as efficient adsorption material to remove cationic dyes (methylene blue, MB) and heavy metal ions (Ni2+). Benefiting from the hollow structure/porous shell layer and abundant carboxylic groups, LHPPs exhibit outstanding sorption ability, quick sorption velocity, and excellent regeneration. The adsorption results of MB and Ni2+ onto LHPPs were analyzed by utilizing two most common models, and the adsorption isotherms were better simulated by Langmuir equation, showing maximum sorption capacities of 909 and 75.8 mg/g. Furthermore, the sorption processes were better described with pseudo‐second order equation. Besides, the LHPPs exhibit a remarkable pH‐sensitive adsorption property because of the existence of carboxylic groups. When the pH value changed from 2 to 10, the sorption capacity for MB increased sharply from 226 to 829 mg/g, and the sorption capacity for Ni2+ enhanced remarkably from 6 to 74.9 mg/g with pH value increased in the range of 2–6. Moreover, these biobased adsorbents show high reusability over five adsorption/desorption cycles, making LHPPs promising sustainable absorbents for practical application in water treatment.
Phytotonic effects of thiamethoxam on sugarcane managed with glyphosate as a ripener
Authors: de Silva Deise Paula , Oliveira Marcela Pacola , Oliveira Josiane Aparecida Viveiros , Jacomassi Lucas Moraes , Momesso Letusa , Garcia Ariani , Ferraz de Siqueira Gabriela , Foltran Rodrigo , Soratto Rogério Peres , Dinardo‐Miranda Leila Luci , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThiamethoxam and glyphosate are widely used in sugarcane production as an insecticide and ripener, respectively. In this study, the potential of these chemical products to also elicit phytotonic effects and enhance the physiological development and yield of sugarcane was evaluated. In field experiments, thiamethoxam and glyphosate were applied to sugarcane individually or in combination, and the effects of these chemical management strategies on sugarcane biometric and technological parameters were assessed.RESULTSThiamethoxam application improved biometric parameters, especially stalk yield. Glyphosate application increased sugar yield, despite reducing the number of stalks and consequently the stalk yield.CONCLUSIONSApplication of the insecticide thiamethoxam to sugarcane attenuates the depreciative effect of ripener (glyphosate) and has a potential phytotonic effect by increasing sugar yields in the early and late seasons. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Interfirm cooperatives enabling organizational ambidexterity, a case study of the printing industry in Colombia
Authors: Camargo Benavides Andres Felipe , Ehrenhard Michel , De Visser Matthias , de Weerd‐Nederhof Petra C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch into organizational ambidexterity at the interorganizational level is limited, but it is even more scarce when considering emerging markets and alternative organizational forms such as the cooperative enterprise. We will attempt to fill these research gaps by offering in‐depth case studies of three interfirm cooperatives within the printing industry in Colombia. We analyze how interfirm cooperatives enable organizational ambidexterity in its small‐to‐medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and explore which factors are hindering ambidexterity. Our findings indicate that lower socioemotional wealth in SMEs undermines the need to invest in exploration. Additionally, cooperation within an interfirm cooperative appears to be entirely reliant on its component SMEs agreeing on the right balance of social and economic values. We conclude that, although the interfirm cooperative may play an important role in facilitating ambidexterity in emerging markets, transitioning from a primarily transactional role to a higher role as intermediator of ambidexterity poses significant challenges.
NF‐κB mediates silica‐induced pulmonary inflammation by promoting the release of IL‐1β in macrophages
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Xiaojing , Yang Yushan , Xiong Min , Li Ning , Ma Lan , Tian Jiaqi , Yin Haoyu , Zhang Lin , Jin Yulan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong‐term exposure to respirable silica particles causes pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis primarily promoted by cytokines released from alveolar macrophages, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. From the perspective of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), we studied the mechanism of IL‐1β biosynthesis and release. Utilizing BAY 11‐7082, an NF‐κB specific inhibitor, we showed the alteration of macrophage viability and examined the expression of both IL‐1β and NF‐κB in vitro. We found that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were internalized by macrophages and caused damage to cell integrity. The immunofluorescence assay showed that SiNPs exposure enhanced the expression of IL‐1β and NF‐κB, which could be effectively suppressed by BAY 11‐7082. Besides, we built silica exposure mouse model by intratracheally instilling 5 mg of SiNPs and checked the effect of silica exposure on pulmonary pathological changes. Consistently, we found an upregulation of IL‐1β and NF‐κB after SiNPs exposure, along with the aggravated inflammatory cell infiltration, thickened alveolar wall, and enhanced expression of collagens. In conclusion, SiNPs exposure causes pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis that is regulated by NK‐κB through upregulating IL‐1β in alveolar macrophages.
Wheat Panache: A pangenome graph database representing presence–absence variation across sixteen bread wheat genomes
Authors: Bayer Philipp E. , Petereit Jakob , Durant Éloi , Monat Cécile , Rouard Mathieu , Hu Haifei , Chapman Brett , Li Chengdao , Cheng Shifeng , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of humanity's most important staple crops, characterized by a large and complex genome with a high level of gene presence–absence variation (PAV) between cultivars, hampering genomic approaches for crop improvement. With the growing global population and the increasing impact of climate change on crop yield, there is an urgent need to apply genomic approaches to accelerate wheat breeding. With recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, a growing number of high‐quality reference genomes are becoming available, reflecting the genetic content of a diverse range of cultivars. However, information on the presence or absence of genomic regions has been hard to visualize and interrogate because of the size of these genomes and the lack of suitable bioinformatics tools. To address this limitation, we have produced a wheat pangenome graph maintained within an online database to facilitate interrogation and comparison of wheat cultivar genomes. The database allows users to visualize regions of the pangenome to assess PAV between bread wheat genomes.
Detection and molecular identification of blood parasites in rodents captured from urban areas of southern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Perison Putri Wulan Dari , Amran Nurul‐Shafiqah , Adrus Madinah , Anwarali Khan Faisal Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRodent species are well known for their potential as hosts and reservoirs for various zoonotic diseases. Studies on blood parasite infection in small mammals focused on urban cities in Peninsular Malaysia and have been conducted over the years. In contrast, there are information gaps related to molecular detection of blood parasites in urban areas of Sarawak that are associated with veterinary importance and zoonotic spillover potential. Increasing prevalence and transmission of blood parasite diseases is the most crucial public health issue, particularly in developing urban areas of Sarawak. Therefore, molecular identification studies were performed to determine and identify the blood parasites infecting rodents.MethodsA total of 40 rodent blood samples were analysed for blood parasite infection and a combined approach using polymerase chain reaction‐based technique, and traditional microscopic examination (blood smear test) was conducted. 18s rRNA (Plasmodium spp.) and cytochrome b (Hepatocystis spp.) gene marker were used to identify the blood parasites.ResultsNote that 67.5% (n = 27) blood samples were tested negative for blood parasites, while 32.5% (n = 13) blood samples collected were infected with at least one protozoan parasite. Out of 13 samples, 69.2% (n = 9) were detected with Hepatocystis sp., while 15.4% (n = 2) were positive with Hepatozoon ophisauri. Two individuals had multiple infections from both species. No Plasmodium spp. have been detected throughout this study using universal primer (targeted Plasmodium spp.); however, different parasite species which were H. ophisauri were detected.ConclusionAlthough there is no evidence of human infection from H. ophisauri and Hepatocystis sp. detected from the study, the data show the host species are heavily infected, and the information is essential for future prevention of zoonotic outbreaks and surveillance programmes. Therefore, it is suggested that the surveillance programmes should be incorporated in targeted areas with a high risk of disease emergence.
No evidence for collateral effects of electromagnetic fields used to increase dissolved oxygen levels on the behavior and physiology of freshwater fishes
Authors: Elvidge Chris K. , Bihun Christian J. , Davis Colin , Ulhaq Saad , Fung David T. , Vermaire Jesse C. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypoxia in surface waters driven by warming climate and other anthropogenic stressors is a major conservation concern, and technological solutions for water quality remediation are sorely needed. One potential solution involves the use of low‐intensity electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to increase dissolved oxygen levels, but potential collateral effects of the EMFs on aquatic animals have not been formally evaluated. We examined the effects of EMF exposure on wild‐caught, captive sunfish (Lepomis spp.) over 8‐day and 3‐day exposures, with and without aeration in mesocosms and stock tanks (respectively). We also quantified ambient fish abundance in close proximity to EMF devices deployed in Opinicon Lake (ON). We found no significant differences in a suite of blood‐based stress physiology biomarkers, behaviors, and putative aerobic capacities between EMF and control conditions over 8 days. Aerated mesocosms equipped with activated EMFs consistently had higher oxygen levels in the water than aerated controls. There were no differences in mortality during 3‐day oxygen depletion trials under EMF or control conditions, and we detected no differences in fish abundance when the devices were activated in the lake. Our findings suggest that deploying EMF devices in field settings is not likely to exert negative effects on exposed fish populations.Practitioner Points
Low‐cost, low‐energy technological solutions to remediate aquatic hypoxia are sorely needed
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can increase oxygen flux across air/water interfaces and increase dissolved oxygen levels
We found no evidence of negative effects of EMFs on fish physiology or behavior and our results support their use in alleviating hypoxic conditions
Conceptualising Second Generation Immigrants in South Africa: The Experiences of Nigerian Second Generation Immigrants
Authors: Onukogu Chioma Joyce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMigration research emanating from the west and the global south about immigrant children has often concentrated on “migrant or refugee children.” Little attention is being paid to second generation immigrant children, who in most cases, have different migration trajectory. This chapter observes the gap in literature and presents a conceptualisation of second-generation from a South African perspective. Drawing on evidence from a qualitative study of 10 Nigerian second generation immigrant children in Johannesburg, South Africa, the chapter presents an understanding of a South African second generation immigrants. Place of birth, age at migration and parent’s immigration status at the time of birth are found to be factors that separate 1 s generation from another.
The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Re-identity of Voluntary Economic Migrants Living in South Africa
Authors: Sitto Karabo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter highlights the growth of voluntary movement of labour force through globalisations and resultant pressure on economies to compete with one another. In this global economic environment, demand to acquire access to those individuals with critical professional skills has grown, thus opening up opportunities for individuals to move to recruiting countries and employer organisations across the globe. This has been evidenced by the exponential rise of degreed migrants in comparison to low-skilled migrants. These voluntary economic migrants, are individuals with some university education, with special professional skills who choose to move to a destination country for professional opportunities. Adapting to a new social context or setting involves overcoming social representation barriers arising from acculturation schismogenesis and the discussion highlights the similarities of such individuals to other migrants. The challenge for individual migrants is in working to reconstruct their identities in their transnational context to build themselves a new social reality through stabilising schism arising from their transnational social representations meeting. Eleven voluntary economic migrants’ interpersonal online and offline communication was analysed using three sets of data and arranged into themes related to their process of re-identity. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the implications of such skilled individuals being unable to reconstruct and stabilise their identity in their new context on recruiting countries, namely financial cost and loss of critical skills.
“No, We Are Not Fighting Against Foreign Workers and We’ll Never Fight Against Foreign Workers”: Trade Unions and Migrant Rights
Authors: Lorgat Aisha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInternational human rights instruments do not explicitly include protection of undocumented migrants, but arguments for their inclusion are made on both normative and pragmatic basis. These denizens are often prevented from accessing rights de facto due to social practices, even when they are accorded de jure rights through legislation. As a result, the overwhelming majority of migrants are faced with limited options, have little voice, and have to make a living among and as part of the precariat. After 1994, South Africa was increasingly seen as a favourable destination for migrants seeking asylum and/or economic opportunities. Migrants are perceived as serving as a reserve of labour that is highly flexible, easily exploited, and unlikely to seek legal recourse for violations of labour law or to join a trade union. This labour market effect is particularly apparent and problematic in host countries with pre-existing high unemployment rates. As official workers representatives trade unions have a major role to play in recognising and mitigating the dangers inherent in dividing workers into citizens and denizens. Trade unions themselves though are in decline, with union density rates falling largely as a result of increasing use of non-standard employment arrangements by employers. Trade unions find it extremely difficult to access and organise these atypical workers, many of whom are migrants. The research for this chapter considered official union publications as well as interviews with trade union officials in the construction sector in Cape Town to assess trade unions responsiveness to migrant rights claims. Migrants are generally located in the periphery due to their more vulnerable status, and this position in the labour market renders their claims to rights and the role of trade unions in supporting these claims more difficult but equally necessary.
Conclusion
Authors: Xulu-Gama Nomkhosi , Rugunanan Pragna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis book has provided a sociology of migration in southern Africa. It is widely acknowledged that Africa is historically differently positioned from other continents and that the relations within the continent are more complex in their specific, geographic and historical ways. The specific focus on southern Africa is indicative of and acknowledges the different dynamics in the various parts of Africa. This book moves away from the traditional approach in the literature, which views the African continent as homogenous with only shared characteristics. The continent has vast religious, linguistic, racial, national, ethnic, historical, economic, and geopolitical differences. While the focus of the book is on southern Africa, far-reaching empirical and theoretical conclusions can still be drawn because some of the migratory experiences discussed in this book are shared across countries in the context of a broader Global South. These commonalities are often characterised by unequal distribution of resources that shape the socio-economic and political dynamics of migration in the Global South.
Policy Implementation Challenges for Worker Education and Foreign National Migrants
Authors: Xulu-Gama Nomkhosi , Nhari Sibongile Ruth , Malabela Musawenkosi , Mogoru Tebogo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe importance of worker education around the presence of foreign national migrants “beyond the apartheid workplace” (Webster & von Holdt, 2005: 4) is undisputed. Our intention is to establish the extent to which worker education programmes benefit foreign-national migrants and also to establish the possible challenges in the implementation of the related legislation and policies. The current context of neoliberal capitalism and growing informalisation of work (Webster & von Holdt, 2005; Muller & Esselaar, 2004) is particularly important, as it tends to challenge the existence and effectiveness of worker education while promoting divisions among the workers. During the apartheid era, worker education was a resource used by the trade union movement to address struggles in the workplace and those percolating to the communities (see Xulu-Gama, 2018; Von Holdt, 2002; Webster, 1985; Friedman, 1987). Worker education always took into consideration the history of the South African workplace, which made it relevant, comprehensive, critical and progressive (Hamilton, 2014).
Content of Quantitative Papers
Authors: Luby Stephen , Southern Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe title and abstract of the manuscript should provide a clear summary of the work. For a manuscript to be legible to scientific readers, it should be organized in the standard format of introduction, methods, results, and discussion. The introduction explains why the study question engaged by your manuscript is important. An introduction should focus only on those issues relevant to the study question and not try to present a more general summary of the topic. The method section describes how the study team addressed the study question. The method section should be written in chronological order, should clarify key sample size assumptions, and should emphasize the steps taken to protect human subjects. The results present the new findings from the study. The discussion section explains the conclusions or scientific inferences the authors draw from this study. This section also explains the limitations to scientific inference from the study and how the results should be interpreted because of these limitations. Avoiding naïve theories of change when making recommendation based upon the results improves the credibility and impact of the work.
Recording Scientific Data
Authors: Luby Stephen , Southern Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe core of a scientific manuscript is the new data the authors are presenting. These core data should be presented with an appropriate degree of precision that does not go distractingly overboard. Readers are particularly interested in the numbers associated with each group and how these compare. A common error is to frame the study around p-values. A p-value is never the most interesting or most important result. Instead, communicate the magnitude of differences between groups, and use p-values as a secondary assessment of whether the results are likely to be due to sampling error. Well-constructed tables are a useful format for presenting detailed data that readers can carefully review. These tables should be accompanied by a concise narrative in the results section that summarizes the principal finding. Using tables that are clearly described, that are numbered sequentially in the order they are referred to in the text, that allow for clear comparisons, and that avoid common formatting errors improves the communication of your findings.