bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an increased risk of complications and mortality
Authors: Ng Cheng Han , Xiao Jieling , Chew Nicholas W. S. , Chin Yip Han , Chan Kai En , Quek Jingxuan , Lim Wen Hui , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Loke Ryan Wai Keong , Tan Caitlyn , Tang Ansel Shao Pin , Goh Xin Lei , Nah Benjamin , Syn Nicholas , Young Dan Yock , Tamaki Nobuharu , Huang Daniel Q. , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Noureddin Mazen , Sanyal Arun , Muthiah Mark 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimsThe global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is expected to rise continuously. Furthermore, emerging evidence has also shown the potential for concomitant depression in NAFLD. This study aims to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse events of depression in NAFLD and evaluate whether treated depression can reverse the increased risks of adverse outcomes.Materials and methodsThis study analyses the 2000–2018 cycles of NHANES that examined liver steatosis with fatty liver index (FLI). The relationship between NAFLD and depression was assessed with a generalized linear mix model and a sensitivity analysis was conducted in the no depression, treated depression, and untreated depression groups. Survival analysis was conducted with cox regression and fine gray sub-distribution model.ResultsA total of 21,414 patients were included and 6,726 were diagnosed with NAFLD. The risk of depression in NAFLD was 12% higher compared to non-NAFLD individuals (RR: 1.12, CI: 1.00–1.26, p = 0.04). NAFLD individuals with depression were more likely to be older, females, Hispanics or Caucasians, diabetic, and have higher BMI. Individuals with depression have high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR: 1.40, CI: 1.25–1.58, p &lt; 0.01), stroke (RR: 1.71, CI: 1.27–2.23, p &lt; 0.01), all-cause mortality (HR: 1.50, CI: 1.25–1.81, p &lt; 0.01), and cancer-related mortality (SHR: 1.43, CI: 1.14–1.80, p = 0.002) compared to NAFLD individuals without depression. The risk of CVD, stroke, all-cause mortality, and cancer-related mortality in NAFLD individuals with treated depression and depression with untreated treatment was higher compared to individuals without depression.ConclusionThis study shows that concomitant depression in NAFLD patients can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. Early screening of depression in high-risk individuals should be encouraged to improve the wellbeing of NAFLD patients.
Ocular biometric parameters of mild hyperopia to mild myopia children aged 6–14 years from Wenzhou optometry center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Weiqin , Liu Weishai , Wang Chenxiao 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionMyopia is the most common visual disorder in school-aged children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to explore the ocular biometric characteristics of children aged 6–14 years from the Wenzhou optometry center and to determine the relationship between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and macular pigment optical density (MPOD).Subjects and methodsParticipants underwent a full-scale ophthalmic examination anteriorly and posteriorly. Relevant parameters were documented, such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), SER and lens thickness (LT), corneal curvature radius (CCR), and MPOD. Lens power (LP) was calculated using Bennett’s formula. Shapiro–Wilk tests and histograms were used to check the normality of the distribution of refractive and ocular biometric parameters. Scatter diagrams were adopted to analyze the relationships between refraction and parameters of ocular biometry. Multiple linear regression models were employed to fit the associated factors of AL, AL/CCR, and LP.ResultsA total of 902 mild hyperopia to mild myopia (+3.00 D ≤ SE ≤ −3.00 D) children aged 6–14 years were included. The mean age of participants was 10.03 ± 2.47 years, and the prevalence of mild hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia was 5.65, 27.05, and 67.30%, respectively. The prevalence of mild myopia increased from 30.53% at 6 years of age to 93.62% at 14 years of age. Overall, AL, ACD, and AL/CCR increased, but LP declined from 6 to 14 years of age, whereas CCR and MPOD remained stable. An increase of 1 mm in AL was associated with −0.69 D of myopic change. A unit increase in AL/CCR was associated with −7.87 D in SER. As for the SER variance, AL explained 30.5% and AL/CCR explained 51.1%, whereas AL/CCR and LP accounted for 59.2%.DiscussionIn this work, we have studied the distributions of ocular biometric characteristics of mild hyperopia to mild myopia children from the perspective of an optometry center rather than a sampling survey. In addition, we found that children from the optometry center had a slower progression toward myopia than those from previous sampling surveys, which was an informative finding for future myopia prevention. In addition, we have made a correlation analysis between the macular pigment optical density and spherical equivalent refraction. Though, no correlation was found.
Cognitive tasks propagate the neural entrainment in response to a visual 40 Hz stimulation in humans
Authors: Khachatryan Elvira , Wittevrongel Benjamin , Reinartz Mariska , Dauwe Ine , Carrette Evelien , Meurs Alfred , Van Roost Dirk , Boon Paul , Van Hulle Marc M. 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAlzheimer's disease is one of the great challenges in the coming decades, and despite great efforts, a widely effective disease-modifying therapy in humans remains elusive. One particular promising non-pharmacological therapy that has received increased attention in recent years is based on the Gamma ENtrainment Using Sensory stimulation (GENUS), a high-frequency neural response elicited by a visual and/or auditory stimulus at 40 Hz. While this has shown to be effective in animal models, studies on human participants have reported varying success. The current work hypothesizes that the varying success in humans is due to differences in cognitive workload during the GENUS sessions.MethodsWe recruited a cohort of 15 participants who underwent a scalp-EEG recording as well as one epilepsy patient who was implanted with 50 subdural surface electrodes over temporo-occipital and temporo-basal cortex and 14 depth contacts that targeted the hippocampus and insula. All participants completed several GENUS sessions, in each of which a different cognitive task was performed.ResultsWe found that the inclusion of a cognitive task during the GENUS session not only has a positive effect on the strength and extent of the gamma entrainment, but also promotes the propagation of gamma entrainment to additional neural areas including deep ones such as hippocampus which were not recruited when no cognitive task was required from the participants. The latter is of particular interest given that the hippocampal complex is considered to be one of the primary targets for AD therapies.DiscussionThis work introduces a possible improvement strategy for GENUS therapy that might contribute to increasing the efficacy of the therapy or shortening the time needed for the positive outcome.
Plasma anion gap and risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Ji LinJin , Tong Xin , Wang KaiChun , Jiang ZhiQun , Liu Aihua 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe association between the serum anion gap (AG) and prognosis of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between AG levels and mortality in patients with SAH in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of data stored in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care–IV and eICU Collaborative Research databases. Critically ill patients diagnosed with spontaneous SAH were included. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital all-cause mortality. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and a restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the relationship between AG concentration and outcomes. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare cumulative survival among patients with AG levels.ResultsA total of 1,114 patients were enrolled. AG concentration was significantly associated with in-hospital all-cause mortality [hazard ratio ([HR], 1.076 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.021–1.292; p = 0.006)]. The risk of mortality was higher in the Category 2 group (AG ≥10 mmol/L and &lt;13 mmol/L; HR, 1.961; 95% CI, 1.157–3.324; p = 0.0) and the Category 3 group (AG ≥13 mmol/L; HR, 2.151; 95% CI, 1.198–3.864; p = 0.010) than in the Category 1 group (AG &lt; 10 mmol/L). Cumulative survival rates were significantly lower in patients with higher AG levels (log-rank p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsIn-hospital and ICU mortalities increase with increasing AG concentration in patients with SAH. An increased serum AG level is an independent, significant, and robust predictor of all-cause mortality. Thus, serum AG levels may be used in the risk stratification of SAH.
High cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration at 48 h of hospital admission predicts poor outcomes in patients with tuberculous meningitis: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Chenchao , Huai Ruixue , Xiang Yijia , Han Xu , Chen Zixiang , Liu Yuhan , Liu Xingjun , Liu Huiquan , Zhang Hong , Wang Sihan , Hao Lingyu , Bo Yin , Luo Yuanbo , Wang Yiyi , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters affecting the outcomes of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).MethodsThis is a multi-center, retrospective, cohort study involving 81 patients who were diagnosed with TBM and treated in Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and General Hospital of Air Force PLA from January 2016 to December 2019. Baseline data, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and clinical presentations of all patients were collected at admission. CSF samples were collected at 48 h, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after admission. CSF lactate, adenosine deaminase, chloride, protein, glucose levels and intracranial pressure were measured. After a follow-up of 16.14 ± 3.03 months, all patients were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and divided into good (mRS scores of 0–2 points) and poor outcome groups (mRS scores of 3–6 points). The differences in patients' baseline data, GCS score, clinical presentations, and levels of CSF parameters detected at 48 h, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after admission between two groups were compared. Statistically significant variables were added to the binary logistic regression model to identify the factors impacting the outcomes of patients with TBM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive ability of the model.ResultsThe CSF lactate level exhibited a decreasing trend within 3 weeks of admission in the two groups. For the within-group comparison, statistically significant differences in the lactate level was found in both groups between four different time points. A binary logistic regression model revealed that CSF lactate level at 48 h after admission, age, and GSC score on admission were independently associated with the outcomes of patients with TBM. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.786 for the CSF lactate level (48 h), 0.814 for GCS score, and 0.764 for age.ConclusionHigh CSF lactate level at 48 h after admission is one of the important factors for poor outcomes in patients with TBM.
High circadian stimulus lighting therapy for depression: Meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Zhou Li , Hou Dandan , Wang Yang , Zhou Sicong , Lin Yandan 
Published: October 2022

Although bright light therapy (BLT) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of depression, the antidepressant effect of BLT is not well understood. Considering the connection between depression and disrupted circadian rhythm, we assumed the model of human circadian phototransduction could be more accurate in evaluating the efficacy of BLT for depression compared to light level and spectrum. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted and the CS (circadian stimulus) model was used to quantify the efficacy of lighting in BLT. Articles published up to June 2022 were searched in COCHRANE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Randomized clinical trials included articles using high circadian stimulus (H-CS, CS &gt; 0.1) as lighting therapy for people with depressive disorder vs. a control group (CS &lt; 0.1). The treatment effect was estimated by calculating the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven trials involving 258 participants met the inclusion criteria. In this sample size, H-CS lighting was associated with a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (MD = −5.56, 95% CI = −9.22 to −1.90, P = 0.003, I2 = 64%). According to the meta-analysis, CS can be employed for the clinical evaluation of BLT for patients with depressive disorder and exposure to H-CS lighting significantly reduced depressive symptoms among adults. A range of CS &gt; 0.57 was obtained, during which different lighting parameter combinations (e.g., light levels, spectra, duration, and light distribution) could achieve better treatment for depression.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021253648.
Glymphatic system in the thalamus, secondary degeneration area was severely impaired at 2nd week after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats
Authors: Li Chanchan , Lin Luyi , Sun Chengfeng , Hao Xiaozhu , Yin Lekang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Tian Jiaqi , Yao Zhengwei , Feng Xiaoyuan , Yang Yanmei 
Published: October 2022

Background and objectivesThe glymphatic system is a recently discovered cerebrospinal fluid transport system and little is known about its dynamic changes after stroke. This study aimed to dynamically observe the structural and functional changes of the impaired glymphatic system in the thalamus after ischemic stroke by pathology and MRI.Materials and methodsIschemic stroke was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. A total of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: sham, MCAO 1 week, MCAO 2 week, and MCAO 2 month. All rats successively underwent neurological examination, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and immunofluorescence staining. Immunofluorescence staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), aquaporin-4 (AQP4), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), and beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) were done in thalamus ventroposterior nucleus.ResultsThe astrocyte and microglial activation and the APP deposition in the MCAO 2 week group were the highest (P &lt; 0.05 for all). The AQP4 polarization rates of the MCAO 2 week and 2 month groups were the lowest (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Although there was no correlation between histological changes and MRI metrics in all four groups (P &gt; 0.05 for all), the tendency of the APP deposition was nearly consistent with the one of the contrast agent retention in DCE-MRI.ConclusionThe glymphatic system in the thalamus was severely impaired at 2nd week after MCAO, and may be revealed by DCE-MRI. This study may provide a relevant theoretical basis for making a thorough inquiry of the mechanism of brain injury after stroke and clinical treatment of ischemic stroke and help readers appreciate the importance of DCE-MRI.
Nutritional status and function after high-calorie formula vs. Chinese food intervention in undernourished children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zhao Yiting , He Lu , Peng Tingting , Liu Liru , Zhou Hongyu , Xu Yunxian , Yang Xubo , Huang Yuan , Chen Zhaofang , Xu Yi , Li Jinling , Hou Xiaohui , Tang Hongmei , Xu Kaishou 
Published: October 2022

AimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of high-calorie formula vs. Chinese daily food on the nutritional status and motor function of undernourished children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsIn this prospective, assessor-blind, and randomized controlled trial, we recruited children (1–10 years) with CP and undernutrition based on the WHO and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition criteria from the National Children's Medical Center. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to a high-calorie formula group or a Chinese daily food diet group (control group) for 6 months. Indirect calorimetry was used to estimate energy requirements. We compared the nutritional status and gross motor function of participants in both groups based on weight, height, z-scores (weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age), and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), respectively, at baseline, 3-, and 6-months follow-up. In addition, the effective rate of nutritional intervention, and adverse events were simultaneously assessed.ResultsFrom July 2020 to December 2021, a total of 119 participants were enrolled and randomized, and 110 participants completed the study (with 54 children in the high-calorie formula group and 56 children in the control group). After 6 months of treatment, the weight, height, z-scores (weight-for-height, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age), and GMFM of both groups were significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05). There were significant differences in changes in weight, weight-for-age z-scores, and GMFM between the two groups (p &lt; 0.05). During the study period, 16 children experienced at least one mild adverse event [9 (16.7%) in the formula group and 7 (12.5%) in the control group].ConclusionNutritional intervention with a high-calorie formula may be an effective and safe option in children with CP for improving undernutrition and gross motor dysfunction.Clinical trial registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2000033878.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome: Analysis of the NHANES 2005–2016
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen , Guo Yinpei , Yao Nan , Wang Ling , Sun Mengzi , Xu Xiaomeng , Yang Huanshuai , Sun Yang , Li Bo 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global problem that increasingly violates human health and quality of life. We explored the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential represented by dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the occurrence of MetS to provid data support for the prevention of it through dietary structure intervention.MethodsThe data was come from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018, including demographic, dietary, questionnaire variables and laboratory indicators. MetS was defined according to the criteria proposed by the American Endocrine Association (ACE) and the American Society of Clinical Endocrinology (ACCE). DII was calculated using the scoring method established by Shivappa. We divided DII scores into 4 quartiles, the chi-square test was used to compare the variable difference between DII quartiles groups. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between DII and MetS. We also performed subgroup analysis. A generalized linear regression model was used to explore the association of DII level and the levels of seven MetS related biochemical indicators.ResultsThe final sample size was 8,180, and the DII scores of the subjects were −5.50 to 5.22. The proportions of men, young people, non-Hispanic blacks, poor people, smokers, and MetS patients in the Q1–Q4 DII quantiles groups were gradually increased. The risk of MetS in the Q4 group which had highest dietary inflammatory degree was 1.592 (1.248, 2.030) times higher than that in the Q1 group, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). After subgroup analysis, women, youth, non-smokers and alcohol drinkers were found to be more sensitive to the dietary inflammation. Then we found that the level of DII was significantly positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).ConclusionsIn the research subjects, the degree of dietary inflammation was associated with the occurrence of MetS and significantly affected WC, BMI, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. It is necessary to conduct investigations and early dietary interventions for women and young people to prevent the occurrence of chronic metabolic diseases.
Genetic risk, incident colorectal cancer, and the benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle: A prospective study using data from UK Biobank and FinnGen
Authors: Wu E. , Ni Jun-Tao , Chen Xin , Zhu Zhao-Hui , Xu Hong-Quan , Tao Lin , Xie Tian 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundGenetic factors increase the individual risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the extent to which a healthy lifestyle can offset increased genetic risk is unknown. This study investigated whether a healthy lifestyle is associated with lower CRC risk, regardless of genetic risk.MethodsWe recruited 390,365 participants without cancer at baseline (2006–2010) from the UK Biobank. The primary outcome was CRC incidence. A healthy lifestyle score constructed using 16 factors of six dimensions (smoking, drinking, body mass index, diet, exercise, and sleep) was categorized into three risk categories: favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable. To calculate the polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of UK Biobank participants, we extracted 454,678 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the UK Biobank and FinnGen Biobank after quality control. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the associations and was expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.90 years, 4,090 new CRC cases were reported in the UK Biobank. The “best-fit” PRSs were constructed using 59 SNPs based on the UK Biobank cohort and FinnGen genome-wide association study summary data (R2 = 0.23%) and were divided into low (lowest quintile), intermediate (including second–fourth quintile), and high (highest quintile) genetic risk categories. The multivariate-adjusted Cox model revealed that participants with favorable lifestyles had HRs of 0.66 (95% CI = 0.60–0.72) for developing CRC vs. those with unfavorable lifestyles; low genetic risk was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (HR = 0.67, 95% CI =0.61–0.74) compared with those with high genetic risk. The HRs for low genetic risk participants with favorable lifestyles were 0.44 (95% CI =0.36–0.55) vs. participants with high genetic risk and unfavorable lifestyles. Among the participants with low, intermediate, or high genetic risk, the HRs of favorable vs. unfavorable lifestyles were 0.74, 0.64, and 0.72 (all p&lt; 0.05).ConclusionsLow genetic risk and a favorable lifestyle were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CRC. A favorable lifestyle was associated with a lower CRC risk, regardless of genetic risk.