bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Registered Nurse Clinical Liaison Role in Ambulatory Care on Transitions of Care
Authors: Flynn Mollie J. , Kronebusch Beckie J. , Sikkink Laura A. , Swanson Kristi M. , Niccum Kelly J. , Crane Sarah J. , Aoun Bernard , Takahashi Paul Y. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of Study:
To determine the relationship between engagement with the novel register nurse care liaison (RNCL) and enrollment in care management compared with usual care in hospitalized patients.

Primary Practice Setting:
Patients in the hospital from January 1, 2019, to September 30, 2019, who would be eligible for care management.

Methodology and Sample:
This was a retrospective cohort study. The authors compared a group of 419 patients who utilized the services of the RNCL at any time during their hospital stay with the RNCL to a propensity matched control group of 833 patients, which consisted of patients who were hospitalized during the same time as the RNCL intervention group. Our primary outcome was enrollment in care management programs. Our secondary outcome was 30-day readmissions, emergency department (ED) use, and office visits. The authors compared baseline characteristics and outcomes across groups using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and χ2 tests and performed an adjusted analysis using conditional logistic regression models controlling for patient education and previous health care utilization.

Results:
The authors matched 419 patients who had engaged an RNCL to 833 patients in the usual care group; this comprised the analytic cohort for this study. The authors found 67.1% of patients enrolled in a care management program with RNCL compared with only 15.3% in usual care (p < .0001). The authors found higher rates of enrollment in all programs of care management. After the full adjustment, the odds ratio for enrollment in any program was 13.7 (95% confidence interval: 9.3, 20.2) for RNCL compared with usual care. There was no difference between groups with 30-day hospitalization or ED visit.

Conclusion:
In this matched study of 419 patients with RNCL engagement, the authors found significantly higher enrollment in all care management programs.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
These findings encourage further study of this care model. This could help enhance enrollment in care management programs, increase relationships between inpatient practice and ambulatory practice, as well as increase communication across the continuum of care.
Corrigendum Supports Therapeutic Contribution of Acupoint Tapping to EFTs' Observed Effects
Authors: Church Dawson , Kip Kevin , Stapleton Peta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We published a meta-analysis of studies that examined the various components of an evidence-based therapy called emotional freedom techniques (EFTs). EFT uses elements of conventional therapies such as exposure and cognitive processing but includes the unique ingredient of acupoint stimulation using fingertip tapping. Six studies were identified, and three of these met the quality control criteria of the American Psychological Association's Division 12 Task Force for Empirically Validated Therapies. Meta-analysis found that the acupoint component of EFT was not an inert ingredient or inactive placebo but made an active contribution to the therapeutic effects noted in a research literature that now numbers over 100 clinical trials of EFT. Subsequent to publication, errors in the original analysis were identified, primarily incorrect standard deviations. A new analysis was performed by an independent statistician and found slightly greater effects than the original investigation. The results were published as a corrigendum, which was subsequently challenged by Spielmans. Here we examine the critiques of the corrigendum and original article. We find that although they may be of academic interest, they are irrelevant to the central research question of whether the acupoint component of EFT is inert or active. We reaffirm that the evidence clearly validates the contribution made by acupoint tapping to EFT's observed clinical effects.
Is Diffuse Axonal Injury Different in Adults and Children? An Analysis of National Trauma Database
Authors: Hershkovitz Yehuda , Kessel Boris , Dubose J.J. , Peleg Kobi , Zilbermints Viacheslav , Jeroukhimov Igor , Givon Adi , Dudkiewicz Mickey , Aranovich David 
Published: January 2022

Background
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is typically associated with significant mechanisms of injury and the effects of acceleration-deceleration forces on brain tissues. The prognosis of DAI remains a matter of active investigation, but little is known about outcome differences between adult and pediatric populations with DAI.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study involving blunt trauma patients with DAI between the years 1997 and 2018 from the Israeli National Trauma Registry. The patients were divided to pediatric (age <15 years) and adult (age >15 years) groups, with subsequent comparison of demographics and outcomes.

Results
Diffuse axonal injury was identified in 1983 patients, including 469 pediatric victims (23.6%) and 1514 adults (76.4%). Adults had higher Injury Severity Score (20.5% vs 13.2%, P = 0.0004), increased mortality (17.7% vs 13.4%, P < 0.0001), longer hospitalizations (58.4% vs 44.4%, P < 0.001), and higher rehabilitation need rates (56.4% vs 41.8%, P < 0.0001). Associated extracranial injuries were also more common in adults, particularly to the chest.

Conclusions
Pediatric patients with DAI have improved outcomes and fewer associated injuries than adult counterparts.
Triple Versus Single Application of Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Tetracaine for Laceration Repair in Children
Authors: Siembieda Joshua , Heyming Theodore , Padlipsky Patricia , Young Kelly D. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Lidocaine (4%), epinephrine (0.1%), and tetracaine (0.5%) topical gel (LET) is a safe and effective method of providing anesthesia for laceration repair. Some patients, however, require additional infiltrated local anesthetic. We sought to determine if 3 applications of LET 10 minutes apart (triple LET) result in lower pain scores with suturing than one application for 30 minutes (single LET).

Methods
We performed a randomized single-blind controlled trial of pediatric emergency department patients 7 to 17 years old with simple lacerations requiring sutures. Patients received either triple or single LET, and the first suture was placed or attempted within 15 minutes of removing the LET. Visual analog pain score on a 100-mm scale was obtained by a blinded nurse. Pain scores between groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results
Forty-eight patients were enrolled: 21 for single LET and 27 for triple LET. Mean visual analog pain scale (VAS) score for single LET patients was 16 (SD, 17; range, 0–48), and that for triple LET patients was 16 (SD, 24; range, 0–95), with the difference not significant at 0.37 (95% confidence interval, −11.9 to 12.6). There was no significant difference in requirement for additional anesthesia between single LET (4 of 21 [19%]) and triple LET (5 of 27 [19%]) patients.

Conclusions
Lidocaine (4%), epinephrine (0.1%), and tetracaine (0.5%) topical gel every 10 minutes for 3 applications was not superior in anesthetic efficacy to applying it once for 30 minutes.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Fibromyalgia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Toh Ezekiel Y.J. , Ng Jarret S.P. , McIntyre Roger S. , Tran Bach X. , Ho Roger C. , Ho Cyrus S.H. , Tam Wilson W.S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in fibromyalgia on the domains of pain, depression, anxiety and quality of life.

Method
Publications were searched with the keywords “repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation” and “fibromyalgia” for randomized controlled trials that compare rTMS with sham stimulation for treating pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Trials available until April 2021 were searched through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The postintervention scores after 4 weeks for pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of life were extracted to compare the effects of rTMS and sham. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the stimulation site.

Results
From 265 screened articles, 11 eligible randomized controlled trials involving 303 patients were included. The results show that rTMS is more effective than sham stimulation in improving pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.62 to −0.08; p = .01) and quality of life (SMD = −0.51; 95% CI = −0.78 to −0.23; p = .0003). It is not more effective than sham stimulation for depression, and anxiety. After sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis revealed that primary motor cortex stimulation was more effective than sham for improving pain (SMD = −0.57; 95% CI = −0.91 to −0.23; p = <0.01). Neither dorsolateral prefrontal cortex nor primary motor cortex stimulation was more effective than sham in improving depression and anxiety.

Conclusions
rTMS is more effective than sham in improving pain and quality of life, but it does not demonstrate reduction in depression or anxiety.
Dimensional effects in Rayleigh–Taylor mixing
Authors: Boffetta Guido , Musacchio Stefano 
Published: January 2022

We study the effects of dimensional confinement on the evolution of incompressible Rayleigh–Taylor mixing both in a bulk flow and in porous media by means of numerical simulations of the transport equations. In both cases, the confinement to two-dimensional flow accelerates the mixing process and increases the speed of the mixing layer. Dimensional confinement also produces stronger correlations between the density and the velocity fields affecting the efficiency of the mass transfer, quantified by the dependence of the Nusselt number on the Rayleigh number.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 2)’.
Puff turbulence in the limit of strong buoyancy
Authors: Mazzino Andrea , Rosti Marco Edoardo 
Published: January 2022

We provide a numerical validation of a recently proposed phenomenological theory to characterize the space–time statistical properties of a turbulent puff, both in terms of bulk properties, such as the mean velocity, temperature and size, and scaling laws for velocity and temperature differences both in the viscous and in the inertial range of scales. In particular, apart from the more classical shear-dominated puff turbulence, our main focus is on the recently discovered new regime where turbulent fluctuations are dominated by buoyancy. The theory is based on an adiabaticity hypothesis which assumes that small-scale turbulent fluctuations rapidly relax to the slower large-scale dynamics, leading to a generalization of the classical Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov–Obukhov–Corrsin theories for a turbulent puff hosting a scalar field. We validate our theory by means of massive direct numerical simulations finding excellent agreement.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 2)’.
Eddy heat exchange at the boundary under white noise turbulence
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Galeati Lucio , Luo Dejun 
Published: January 2022

We prove the existence of an eddy heat diffusion coefficient coming from an idealized model of turbulent fluid. A difficulty lies in the presence of a boundary, with also turbulent mixing and the eddy diffusion coefficient going to zero at the boundary. Nevertheless, enhanced diffusion takes place.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 2)’.
Correlation of age and the diameter of the cervical nerve roots C5 and C6 during the first two years of life analysed by high-resolution ultrasound imaging
Authors: van der Linde Jacoba , Jenny Carole , Hundsberger Thomas , Broser Philip J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAimTo analyse the increase in diameter of the nerve roots C5 and C6 in early childhood.MethodsThe nerve roots of 56 children subjects aged 0 days to 10 years (47 younger than 2 years) were examined by high-resolution ultrasound imaging. The correlation of diameter and age was statistically tested and a logarithmic regression analysis was performed to develop a logarithmic growth model.ResultsThe increase in nerve root diameter is greatest during the first two years of life and then the growth rate decreases steadily. The relationship between age and diameter follows a logarithmic curve (p < 10−8).InterpretationThe main increase in the diameter of the nerve roots happens in the first two years of life. Comparing data from a previous study, our data also suggest that the maturation of the proximal part of the median nerve is comparable to the maturation of its distal segments. This suggests a synchronous maturation of the axons and myelin sheath for the whole extent of the nerve, from the radix to its very distal part.What this paper addsNormative values for the size of the cervical nerve roots C5 and C6, an insight into the maturation of the proximal parts of the peripheral nervous system, and the correlation between age and cervical root diameter.Highlights-Maturation of the nerve roots C5 and C6 in children from 0 to two years of age.-Reference values from the diameter of the C5 and C6 nerve roots of children up to two years.
Rhythmic Cilium in SCN Neuron is a Gatekeeper for the Intrinsic Circadian Clock
Authors: Tu Hai-Qing , Li Sen , Xu Yu-Ling , Zhang Yu-Cheng , Jian Xiao-Xiao , Song Guang-Ping , Wu Min , Song Zeng-Qing , Hu Huai-Bin , Li Pei-Yao , Liang Li-Yun , Yuan Jin-Feng , Shen Xiao-Lin , Li Jia-Ning , Han Qiu-Ying , Wang Kai , Zhang Tao , Zhou Tao , Li Ai-Ling , Zhang Xue-Min , Li Hui-Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe internal circadian rhythm is controlled by the central pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN drives coherent and synchronized circadian oscillations via intercellular coupling, which are resistant to environmental perturbations. Here we report that primary cilium is a critical device for intercellular coupling among SCN neurons and acts as a gatekeeper to maintain the internal clock in mice. A subset of SCN neurons, namely neuromedin S-producing (NMS) neurons, exhibit cilia dynamics with a pronounced circadian rhythmicity. Genetic ablation of ciliogenesis in NMS neurons enables a rapid phase shift of the internal clock under experimental jet lag conditions. The circadian rhythms of individual neurons in cilia-deficient SCN slices lose their coherence following external perturbations. Rhythmic cilia dynamics drive oscillations of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling and oscillated expressions of multiple circadian genes in SCN neurons. Genetic and chemical inactivation of Shh signaling in NMS neurons phenocopies the effect of cilia ablation. Our findings establish ciliary signaling as a novel interneuronal coupling mechanism in the SCN and may lead to novel therapy of circadian disruption-linked diseases.One-Sentence SummaryRhythmic cilium is a critical device for intercellular coupling among SCN neurons and acts as gatekeeper for the internal clock.
Evolution of chlorhexidine susceptibility and of the EfrEF operon amongEnterococcus faecalisfrom diverse environments, clones and time spans
Authors: Pereira Ana P. , Antunes Patrícia , Willems Rob , Corander Jukka , Coque Teresa M. , Peixe Luísa , Freitas Ana R. , Novais Carla 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTChlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used to control the spread of pathogens (e.g. human/animal clinical settings, ambulatory care, food industry).E. faecalis, a major nosocomial pathogen, is broadly distributed in diverse hosts and environments facilitating its exposure to CHX over the years. Nevertheless, CHX activity againstE. faecalisis understudied. Our goal was to assess CHX activity and the variability of ChlR-EfrEF proteins (associated with CHX tolerance) among 673 field isolates and 1784E. faecalisgenomes from PATRIC database from different sources, time spans, clonal lineages and antibiotic resistance profiles. CHX minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICCHX) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCCHX) againstE. faecalispresented normal distributions (0.5-64 mg/L). However, more CHX tolerant isolates were detected in the food chain and recent human infections, suggesting an adaptability ofE. faecalispopulations in settings where CHX is heavily used. Heterogeneity in ChlR-EfrEF sequences was identified, with isolates harboring incomplete ChlR-EfrEF proteins, particularly the EfrE identified in the ST40 clonal lineage, showing low MICCHX(≤1mg/L). Distinct ST40-E. faecalissubpopulations carrying truncated and non-truncated EfrE were detected, the former being predominant in human isolates. This study provides a new insight about CHX susceptibility and ChlR-EfrEF variability within diverseE. faecalispopulations. The MICCHX/MBCCHXof more tolerantE. faecalis(MICCHX=8mg/L; MBCCHX=64mg/L) remain lower than in-use concentrations of CHX (>500mg/L). However, CHX increasing use combined with concentration gradients occurring in diverse environments potentially selecting multidrug-resistant strains with different CHX susceptibilities, alert to the importance of monitoring the trends ofE. faecalisCHX tolerance within a One-Health approach.
External control arm analysis: an evaluation of propensity score approaches, G-computation, and doubly debiased machine learning
Authors: Loiseau Nicolas , Trichelair Paul , He Maxime , Andreux Mathieu , Zaslavskiy Mikhail , Wainrib Gilles , Blum Michael G.B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn external control arm is a cohort of control patients that are collected from data external to a single-arm trial. To provide an unbiased estimation of efficacy, the clinical profiles of patients from single and external arms should be aligned, typically using propensity score approaches. There are alternative approaches to infer efficacy based on comparisons between outcomes of single-arm patients and machine-learning predictions of control patient outcomes. These methods include G-computation and Doubly Debiased Machine Learning (DDML) and their evaluation for ECA analysis is insufficient.MethodsWe consider both numerical simulations and a trial replication procedure to evaluate the different statistical approaches: propensity score matching, Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW), G-computation, and DDML. The replication study relies on five type 2 diabetes randomized clinical trials granted by the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) project. From the pool of five trials, observational experiments are artificially built by replacing a control arm from one trial by an arm originating from another trial and containing similarly-treated patients.ResultsAmong the different statistical approaches, numerical simulations show that DDML has the smallest bias followed by G-computation. Ranking based on mean square error is different with G-computation always being among the lowest-error methods while DDML relative performance improves with increasing sample sizes. For hypothesis testing, DDML controls type-1 error and is conservative whereas G-computation and propensity score approaches can be liberal with type I errors ranging between 5% and 10% in some settings. G-computation is the best method in terms of statistical power, and DDML has comparable power atn= 1000 but its power is inferior to propensity score approaches atn= 250. The replication procedure also indicates that G-computation minimizes mean squared error while DDML has intermediate performances compared to G-computation and propensity score approaches. The confidence intervals of G-computation are the narrowest in lines with its liberal type I error whereas confidence intervals of DDML are the widest that confirms its conservative nature.ConclusionsFor external control arm analyses, methods based on outcome prediction models can reduce estimation error and increase statistical power compared to propensity score approaches.
Observed serial intervals of SARS-CoV-2 for the Omicron and Delta variants in Belgium based on contact tracing data, 19 November to 31 December 2021
Authors: Kremer Cécile , Braeye Toon , Proesmans Kristiaan , André Emmanuel , Torneri Andrea , Hens Niel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant is rapidly spreading worldwide, possibly outcompeting the Delta strain. We investigated the empirical serial interval for both variants using contact tracing data. Overall, we observed a shorter serial interval for Omicron compared to Delta, suggesting faster transmission. Furthermore, results indicate a relation between the empirical serial interval and the vaccination status for both the Omicron and the Delta variant. Consequently, with the progression of the vaccination campaign, the reasons for and extent of dominance of Omicron over Delta may need further assessment.
Ventricular anatomical complexity and gender differences impact predictions from computational models
Authors: González-Martín Pablo , Sacco Federica , Butakoff Constantine , Doste Rubén , Bederián Carlos , Gutierrez Espinosa de los Monteros Lilian K , Houzeaux Guillaume , Iaizzo Paul A. , Iles Tinen L. , Vázquez Mariano , Aguado-Sierra Jazmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the gender and anatomical details (trabeculations and false tendons) on the electrophysiology of healthy and infarcted myocardium and their relation to the ventricular tachycardia (VT) inducibility.To this end, four anatomically normal, human, biventricular geometries (two male, two female), with identifiable trabeculations, were obtained from high-resolution, ex-vivo MRI and represented by detailed and smoothed geometrical models (with and without the trabeculations). Additionally one model was augmented by a scar. The electrophysiology finite element model (FEM) simulations were carried out, using O’Hara-Rudy human myocyte model, and the comparison of detailed vs smooth, male vs female, as well as normal vs infarcted anatomy was carried out. Finally, the infarcted case was subjected to standard clinical programmed stimulus S1-S4 protocol to identify geometry- and gender-specific VT inducibility.All female hearts presented action potential prolongation and QRS interval lengthening. Smooth geometries showed different QRS pattern and T wave magnitude in comparison to the corresponding trabeculated geometries. A variety of sustained VTs were obtained in the detailed and smoothed male geometries at different pacing locations, which provide evidence of the geometry-dependent differences regarding the prediction of the locations of reentry channels. In the female phenotype, sustained VTs were induced in both detailed and smooth geometries with RV apex pacing, however no consistent reentry channels were identified.Anatomical and physiological cardiac features play an important role defining risk in cardiac disease. These are often excluded from electrophysiological simulations. The assumption that the cardiac endocardium is smooth may inaccurately predict different reentry channel locations in tachycardia inducibility studies.