bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of cold extragalactic gas clouds at z = 0.45 towards PKS 1610-771
Authors: Weng Simon , Sadler Elaine M , Foster Caroline , Péroux Céline , Mahony Elizabeth K , Allison James R , Moss Vanessa A , Su Renzhi , Whiting Matthew T , Yoon Hyein 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results from MUSE observations of a 21-cm ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ absorption system detected with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder radio telescope at redshift z = 0.4503 towards the z = 1.71 quasar PKS 1610-771. We identify four galaxies (A, B, X, and Y) at the same redshift as the 21-cm ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ Damped Lyman-α (DLA) absorption system, with impact parameters ranging from less than 10 kpc to almost 200 kpc from the quasar sightline. ${\rm Ca\, {\small II}}$ and ${\rm Na\, {\small I}}$ absorption is seen in the MUSE spectrum of the background QSO, with velocities coinciding with the initial ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ 21-cm detection, but tracing less dense and warmer gas. This metal-line component aligns with the rotating ionized disc of galaxy B (impact parameter 18 kpc from the QSO) and appears to be corotating with the galaxy disc. In contrast, the 21-cm ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ absorber is blueshifted relative to the galaxies nearest the absorber and has the opposite sign to the velocity field of galaxy B. Since galaxies A and B are separated by only 17 kpc on the sky and 70 km s−1 in velocity, it appears likely that the 21-cm detection traces extragalactic clouds of gas formed from their interaction. This system reveals that the cold 100 K neutral gas critical for star formation can be associated with complex structures beyond the galaxy disc, and is a first case study made in preparation for future large 21-cm absorption surveys like the ASKAP First Large Absorption Survey in ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$.
Metallicities of outer halo M31 globular clusters from integrated light calcium-II triplet spectroscopy
Authors: Sakari Charli M , Wallerstein George 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper presents [Fe/H] ratios for globular clusters (GCs) in the outer halo of the Andromeda Galaxy, M31, based on moderate-resolution, integrated light (IL) spectroscopy of the calcium-II triplet (CaT) lines. The CaT strengths are measured by fitting Voigt profiles to the lines and integrating those profiles; integrations of defined bandpasses are also considered. The [Fe/H] ratios are determined using an empirical calibration with CaT line strength, as derived from another sample of M31 GCs that were previously studied at high-resolution. The [Fe/H] ratios for the new GCs reveal that the outer halo GCs are indeed generally more metal-poor than typical inner halo GCs, though there are several more metal-rich GCs that look to have been accreted from dwarf satellites. The metallicities of these GCs also place important constraints on the nature of the substructure in the outer halo and the dwarf satellites that created this substructure.
Thermal emission and scattering by aligned grains: Plane-parallel model and application to multiwavelength polarization of the HL Tau disc
Authors: Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Li Zhi-Yun , Yang Haifeng , Stephens Ian , Looney Leslie , Harrison Rachel , Fernández-López Manuel 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Telescopes are now able to resolve dust polarization across circumstellar discs at multiple wavelengths, allowing the study of the polarization spectrum. Most discs show clear evidence of dust scattering through their unidirectional polarization pattern typically at the shorter wavelength of $\sim 870 \, \mu$m. However, certain discs show an elliptical pattern at ∼3 mm, which is likely due to aligned grains. With HL Tau, its polarization pattern at ∼1.3 mm shows a transition between the two patterns making it the first example to reveal such transition. We use the T-matrix method to model elongated dust grains and properly treat scattering of aligned non-spherical grains with a plane-parallel slab model. We demonstrate that a change in optical depth can naturally explain the polarization transition of HL Tau. At low optical depths, the thermal polarization dominates, while at high optical depths, dichroic extinction effectively takes out the thermal polarization and scattering polarization dominates. Motivated by results from the plane-parallel slab, we develop a simple technique to disentangle thermal polarization of the aligned grains T0 and polarization due to scattering S using the azimuthal variation of the polarization fraction. We find that, with increasing wavelength, the fractional polarization spectrum of the scattering component S decreases, while the thermal component T0 increases, which is expected since the optical depth decreases. We find several other sources similar to HL Tau that can be explained by azimuthally aligned scattering prolate grains when including optical depth effects. In addition, we explore how spirally aligned grains with scattering can appear in polarization images.
ExHaLe-jet: an extended hadro-leptonic jet model for blazars – I. Code description and initial results
Authors: Zacharias M , Reimer A , Boisson C , Zech A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The processes operating in blazar jets are still an open question. Modelling the radiation emanating from an extended part of the jet allows one to capture these processes on all scales. Kinetic codes solving the Fokker–Planck equation along the jet flow are well suited to this task, as they can efficiently derive the radiation and particle spectra without the need for computationally demanding plasma physical simulations. Here, we present a new extended hadro-leptonic jet code – ExHaLe-jet– which considers simultaneously the processes of relativistic protons and electrons. Within a pre-set geometry and bulk flow, the particle evolution is derived self-consistently. Highly relativistic secondary electrons (and positrons) are created through γ–γ pair production, Bethe–Heitler pair production, and pion/muon decay. These secondaries are entrained in the jet flow decreasing the ratio of protons to electrons with distance from the jet base. For particle–photon interactions, we consider all internal and many external photon fields, such as the accretion disc, broad-line region, and the dusty torus. The external fields turn out to be the most important source for particle–photon interactions governing the resulting photon and neutrino spectra. In this paper, we present the code and an initial parameter study, while in follow-up works we present extensions of the code and more specific applications.
CHANG-ES XXV: H iimaging of nearby edge-on galaxies – Data Release 4
Authors: Zheng Yun , Wang Jing , Irwin Judith , English Jayanne , Ma Qingchuan , Wang Ran , Wang Ke , Wang Q Daniel , Krause Marita , Randriamampandry Toky H , Li Jiangtao , Beck Rainer 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe present the ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$ distribution of galaxies from the Continuum Haloes in Nearby Galaxies – an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES). Though the observational mode was not optimized for detecting ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$, we successfully produce ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$ cubes for 19 galaxies. The moment-0 maps from this work are available on CHANG-ES data release website (i.e. https://www.queensu.ca/changes). Our sample is dominated by star-forming, ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$-rich galaxies at distances from 6.27 to 34.1 Mpc. ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$ interferometric images on two of these galaxies (NGC 5792 and UGC 10288) are presented here for the first time, while 12 of our remaining sample galaxies now have better ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$ spatial resolutions and/or sensitivities of intensity maps than those in existing publications. We characterize the average scale heights of the ${\rm H}\, {\small I}$ distributions for a subset of most inclined galaxies (inclination &gt; 80 deg), and compare them to the radio continuum intensity scale heights, which have been derived in a similar way. The two types of scale heights are well correlated, with similar dependence on disc radial extension and star formation rate surface density but different dependence on mass surface density. This result indicates that the vertical distribution of the two components may be governed by similar fundamental physics but with subtle differences.
Presolar grain dynamics: Creating nucleosynthetic variations through a combination of drag and viscous evolution
Authors: Hutchison Mark A , Bodénan Jean-David , Mayer Lucio , Schönbächler Maria 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTMeteoritic studies of Solar system objects show evidence of nucleosynthetic heterogeneities that are inherited from small presolar grains ($\lt 10\,\, \mu {\mathrm{m}}$) formed in stellar environments external to our own. The initial distribution and subsequent evolution of these grains are currently unconstrained. Using 3D, gas-dust simulations, we find that isotopic variations on the order of those observed in the Solar system can be generated and maintained by drag and viscosity. Small grains are dragged radially outwards without size/density sorting by viscous expansion and backreaction, enriching the outer disc with presolar grains. Meanwhile large aggregates composed primarily of silicates drift radially inwards due to drag, further enriching the relative portion of presolar grains in the outer disc and diluting the inner disc. The late accumulation of enriched aggregates outside Jupiter could explain some of the isotopic variations observed in Solar system bodies, such as the enrichment of supernovae derived material in carbonaceous chondrites. We also see evidence for isotopic variations in the inner disc that may hold implications for enstatite and ordinary chondrites that formed closer to the Sun. Initial heterogeneities in the presolar grain distribution that are not continuously reinforced are dispersed by diffusion, radial surface flows, and/or planetary interactions over the entire lifetime of the disc. For younger, more massive discs we expect turbulent diffusion to be even more homogenizing, suggesting that dust evolution played a more central role in forming the isotopic anomalies in the Solar system than originally thought.
Core overshoot constrained by the absence of a solar convective core and some solar-like stars
Authors: Zhang Qian-Sheng , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Li Yan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Convective-core overshoot mixing is a significant uncertainty in stellar evolution. Because numerical simulations and turbulent convection models predict exponentially decreasing radial rms turbulent velocity, a popular treatment for overshoot mixing is to apply a diffusion process with an exponentially decreasing diffusion coefficient. It is important to investigate the parameters of the diffusion coefficient because they determine the efficiency of the mixing in the overshoot region. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of the core overshoot mixing on the properties of the core in solar models. We have constrained the parameters of the overshoot model by using helioseismic inferences and the observation of the solar 8B neutrino flux. For solar-mass stars, the core overshoot mixing helps to prolong the lifetime of the convective core developed at the zero-age main sequence. If the strength of the mixing is sufficiently high, then the convective core in a solar model could survive until the present solar age, leading to large deviations of the sound speed and density profiles compared with the helioseismic inferences. The 8B neutrino flux also favours a radiative solar core. These observations provide a constraint on the parameters of the exponential diffusion model of the convective overshoot mixing. A limited asteroseismic investigation of 13 Kepler low-mass stars with 1.0 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 1.5 shows a mass-dependent range of the overshoot parameter. The overshoot mixing processes for different elements are analysed in detail. It is found that the exponential diffusion overshoot model leads to different effective overshoot mixing lengths for elements with different nuclear equilibrium time-scales.
Viral Burden and Clearance in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Gunatilaka Avanka B , Marco Nicholas , Read Graham H , Sweeney Maggie , Regan Greg , Tsang Cynthia , Abdulrahman Lobna , Ampabathina Swetha , Spindler Archie , Lu Sarah S , Schink Elena , Gatti Richard , Ingersoll Christina , Telesca Donatello , Weidhaas Joanne B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Containing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been difficult, due to both the large number of asymptomatic infected individuals and the long duration of infection. Managing these challenges requires understanding of the differences between asymptomatic vs symptomatic patients and those with a longer duration of infectivity.

Methods
Individuals from Los Angeles were tested for COVID-19, and a group positive for COVID-19 chose to have follow-up testing. Associations between symptoms and demographic factors, viral burden measured by cycle threshold (CT) value, and duration of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity were analyzed.

Results
Eighteen point eight percent of patients were positive for COVID-19. Asymptomatic COVID-19-positive patients were significantly younger than symptomatic patients (2.6 years; P &lt; .001). There were no differences in average CT between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The estimated median duration of COVID-19 PCR positivity was 23 days. Being asymptomatic throughout the course of infection was the only factor associated with a shorter course of COVID-19 PCR positivity (21 vs 28 days; P = .002).

Conclusions
We found important differences and similarities between asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19-positive patients, the most meaningful being a similar level of virus as measured by PCR, but a shorter duration of PCR positivity for asymptomatic patients. These findings suggest that asymptomatic patients may have more efficient clearance of virus, which may be relevant for management and screening.
Declaration of common standards for the preregistration of animal research—speeding up the scientific progress
Authors: Heinl Céline , Scholman-Végh Anna M D , Mellor David , Schönfelder Gilbert , Strech Daniel , Chamuleau Steven , Bert Bettina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preregistration of studies is a recognized tool in clinical research to improve the quality and reporting of all gained results. In preclinical research, preregistration could boost the translation of published results into clinical breakthroughs. When studies rely on animal testing or form the basis of clinical trials, maximizing the validity and reliability of research outcomes becomes in addition an ethical obligation. Nevertheless, the implementation of preregistration in animal research is still slow. However, research institutions, funders, and publishers start valuing preregistration, and thereby level the way for its broader acceptance in the future. A total of 3 public registries, the OSF registry, preclinicaltrials.eu, and animalstudyregistry.org already encourage the preregistration of research involving animals. Here, they jointly declare common standards to make preregistration a valuable tool for better science. Registries should meet the following criteria: public accessibility, transparency in their financial sources, tracking of changes, and warranty and sustainability of data. Furthermore, registration templates should cover a minimum set of mandatory information and studies have to be uniquely identifiable. Finally, preregistered studies should be linked to any published outcome. To ensure that preregistration becomes a powerful instrument, publishers, funders, and institutions should refer to registries that fulfill these minimum standards.
Mistletoe viscin: a hygro- and mechano-responsive cellulose-based adhesive for diverse material applications
Authors: Horbelt Nils , Fratzl Peter , Harrington Matthew J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mistletoe viscin is a natural cellulosic adhesive consisting of hierarchically organized cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) surrounded by a humidity-responsive matrix that enables mechanical drawing into stiff and sticky fibers. Here, we explored the processability and adhesive capacity of viscin and demonstrated its potential as a source material for various material applications, as well as a source for bioinspired design. Specifically, we revealed that viscin fibers exhibit humidity-activated self-adhesive properties that enable “contact welding” into complex 2D and 3D architectures under ambient conditions. We additionally discovered that viscin can be processed into stiff and transparent free-standing films via biaxial stretching in the hydrated state, followed by drying, whereby CMFs align along local stress fields. Furthermore, we determined that viscin adheres strongly to both synthetic materials (metals, plastics, and glass) and biological tissues, such as skin and cartilage. In particular, skin adhesion makes viscin a compelling candidate as a wound sealant, as we further demonstrate. These findings highlight the enormous potential of this hygro- and mechano-responsive fiber-reinforced adhesive for bioinspired and biomedical applications.
Vibration sorting of small droplets on hydrophilic surface by asymmetric contact-line friction
Authors: Lee Yaerim , Amberg Gustav , Shiomi Junichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Droplet spreading and transport phenomenon is ubiquitous and has been studied by engineered surfaces with a variety of topographic features. To obtain a directional bias in dynamic wetting, hydrophobic surfaces with a geometrical asymmetry are generally used, attributing the directionality to one-sided pinning. Although the pinning may be useful for directional wetting, it usually limits the droplet mobility, especially for small volumes and over wettable surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a pinning-less approach to rapidly transport millimeter sized droplets on a partially wetting surface. Placing droplets on an asymmetrically structured surfaces with micron-scale roughness and applying symmetric horizontal vibration, they travel rapidly in one direction without pinning. The key, here, is to generate capillary-driven rapid contact-line motion within the time-scale of period of vibration. At the right regime where a friction factor local at the contact line dominates the rapid capillary motion, the asymmetric surface geometry can induce smooth and continuous contact-line movement back and forth at different speed, realizing directional motion of droplets even with small volumes over the wettable surface. We found that the translational speed is selective and strongly dependent on the droplet volume, oscillation frequency, and surface pattern properties, and thus droplets with a specific volume can be efficiently sorted out.
Sensitive, smartphone-based SARS-CoV-2 detection from clinical saline gargle samples
Authors: Breshears Lane E , Nguyen Brandon T , Akarapipad Patarajarin , Sosnowski Katelyn , Kaarj Kattika , Quirk Grace , Uhrlaub Jennifer L , Nikolich-Žugich Janko , Worobey Michael , Yoon Jeong-Yeol 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Saliva specimens have drawn interest for diagnosing respiratory viral infections due to their ease of collection and decreased risk to healthcare providers. However, rapid and sensitive immunoassays have not yet been satisfactorily demonstrated for such specimens due to their viscosity and low viral loads. Using paper microfluidic chips and a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope, we developed a highly sensitive, low-cost immunofluorescence particulometric SARS-CoV-2 assay from clinical saline gargle samples. We demonstrated the limit of detection of 10 ag/μL. With easy-to-collect saline gargle samples, our clinical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 86%, and 93%, respectively, for n = 27 human subjects with n = 13 RT-qPCR positives.
Do Wall Street Landlords Undermine Renters’ Welfare?
Authors: Gurun Umit G , Wu Jiabin , Xiao Steven Chong , Xiao Serena Wenjing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We examine the recent rise of institutional investment in the single-family home rental market and its implications for renters’ welfare. Using institutional mergers to identify local exogenous variation in institutional landlords’ scale and market share, we show that rents increase in neighborhoods where both merging firms owned properties (i.e., overlapped neighborhoods) relative to other nonoverlapped neighborhoods. Meanwhile, the crime rate also significantly decreases in overlapped neighborhoods after mergers. Our findings suggest that while institutional landlords leverage their market power to extract greater surplus from renters, they also improve the quality of rental services by enhancing neighborhood safety.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Dissemination, Publication, and Impact of Finance Research: When Novelty Meets Conventionality
Authors: Dai Rui , Donohue Lawrence , Drechsler Qingyi (Freda) , Jiang Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using numeric and textual data extracted from over 50,000 finance articles in Social Science Research Network (SSRN) during 2001–19, we examine the relationship between measured qualities and a paper’s readership, eventual outlet, and impact. Conventionality (semantic similarity with existent research) helps boost readership and publication prospects. However, novelty in the forms of emerging topics and databases are associated with better publishing outcomes. Studies that do not easily map into established finance subfields or that introduce nonfinance elements face a higher hurdle. Finally, papers whose research questions span multiple fields are a hard sell, but those building on prior knowledge from multiple fields are valued.
Development of RehaBot—A Conversational Agent for Promoting Rewarding Activities in Users With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Collier George , Vaccaro Monica , Wingfield Roberto 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
In this article, we describe the development and preliminary testing of RehaBot—a chatbot that users communicate with via text messaging designed to augment behavioral activation (BA) treatment of reducing depression and increasing participation in individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
Outpatient brain injury rehabilitation facility.

Participants:
Outpatient brain injury clinicians and individuals with moderate to severe TBI.

Design:
Focus groups, software demonstration trials, and single-case experiments with an A-B-A design.

Main Measures:
System Usability Scale (SUS) and self-reported completed target activities.

Results:
Focus group feedback guided the development of a flexible system to be used in conjunction with face-to-face therapy, designed to provide reminders, encouragement, and supportive feedback. Two of 3 participants completed all 6 RehaBot tasks independently. One completed 4 tasks independently and a fifth with assistance. Average SUS score in demonstration trials was 76.77 (SD = 21.19). In 4 single-case experiments, participants completed their highest proportion of planned activities in the RehaBot phase and the lowest proportion of planned activities in the reversal phase. They all interacted with RehaBot daily, exchanging an average of 225 messages over the 1-week period, and average SUS score was 95 (SD = 4.74). Their open-ended feedback revealed that participants found RehaBot enjoyable and easy to use. They felt it was a helpful memory aid and promoted better adherence to planned activities by providing accountability and positive reinforcement.

Conclusions:
This article presents a chatbot development process heavily involving consumer input, which may serve as a model for future development efforts. Our findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that RehaBot is usable and may promote better adherence to planned target activities. However, future research is needed to establish usability and efficacy of RehaBot and to explore applications of chatbots to other domains of TBI rehabilitation.