bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral phenology of an Andean bellflower and pollination by buff‐tailed sicklebill hummingbird
Authors: Boehm Mannfred M. A. , Guevara‐Apaza David , Jankowski Jill E. , Cronk Quentin C. B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Andean bellflowers comprise an explosive radiation correlated with shifts to specialized pollination. One diverse clade has evolved with extremely curved floral tubes and is predicted to be pollinated exclusively by one of two parapatric species of sicklebill hummingbirds (Eutoxeres). In this study, we focused on the floral biology of Centropogon granulosus, a bellflower thought to be specialized for pollination by Eutoxeres condamini, in a montane cloud forest site in southeastern Peru. Using camera traps and a pollination exclusion experiment, we documented E. condamini as the sole pollinator of C. granulosus. Visitation by E. condamini was necessary for fruit development. Flowering rates were unequivocally linear and conformed to the “steady‐state” phenological type. Over the course of >1800 h of monitoring, we recorded 12 E. condamini visits totaling 42 s, indicating traplining behavior. As predicted by its curved flowers, C. granulosus is exclusively pollinated by buff‐tailed sicklebill within our study area. We present evidence for the congruence of phenology and visitation as a driver of specialization in this highly diverse clade of Andean bellflowers.
Evolutionary change in metabolic rate of Daphnia pulicaria following invasion by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus
Authors: Rani Varsha , Burton Tim , Walsh Matthew , Einum Sigurd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetabolic rate is a trait that may evolve in response to the direct and indirect effects of predator‐induced mortality. Predators may indirectly alter selection by lowering prey densities and increasing resource availability or by intensifying resource limitation through changes in prey behavior (e.g., use of less productive areas). In the current study, we quantify the evolution of metabolic rate in the zooplankton Daphnia pulicaria following an invasive event by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, US. This invasion has been shown to dramatically impact D. pulicaria, causing a ~60% decline in their biomass. Using a resurrection ecology approach, we compared the metabolic rate of D. pulicaria clones originating prior to the Bythotrephes invasion with that of clones having evolved in the presence of Bythotrephes. We observed a 7.4% reduction in metabolic rate among post‐invasive clones compared to pre‐invasive clones and discuss the potential roles of direct and indirect selection in driving this change.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enantioenriched (R)‐ and (S)‐Aryloxyalkanoic Herbicides
Authors: Colombo Danilo , Albergati Alessia , Ferrandi Erica E. , Tessaro Davide , Gatti Francesco G. , Brenna Elisabetta , Monti Daniela , Parmeggiani Fabio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe combination of a biocatalytic asymmetric C=C reduction with a simple sequence of chemical transformations was implemented in a new chemoenzymatic synthesis of various substituted aryloxyalkanoic acids, used as weed‐killing agrochemicals or chiral precursors. By careful selection of the biocatalyst, either enantiomer of the product could be obtained in good yield and moderate to good ee. The method relies on the use of simple and commercially available starting materials, and requires neither purified enzymes nor chromatographic separations.
Diastereoselective Construction of CF3‐Containing Bispiro[isoquinolone‐pyrrolidine‐benzothiophenone]s through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Niu Cheng , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new protocol to access CF3‐containing bispiro[isoquinolone‐pyrrolidine‐benzothiophenone]s was described. A series of 1,3‐dipoles were synthesized from isoquinolinetrione and CF3CH2NH2. In the presence of 10 mol% DABCO, the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of isoquinolinedione trifluoroethyl ketimines and unsaturated benzothiophenones delivered corresponding adducts in excellent yields (up to 98 %) and diastereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr).
Multimodal nocturnal seizure detection: Do we need to adapt algorithms for children?
Authors: Lazeron Richard H.C. , Thijs Roland D. , Arends Johan , Gutter Thea , Cluitmans Pierre , Van Dijk Johannes , Tan Francis I.Y. , Hofstra Wytske , Donjacour Claire E.H.M. , Leijten Frans ,   the Dutch Tele‐Epilepsy Consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of a multimodal seizure detection device, first tested in adults (sensitivity 86%, PPV 49%), in a pediatric cohort living at home or residential care.MethodsIn this multicenter, prospective, video‐controlled cohort‐study, nocturnal seizures were detected by heartrate and movement changes in children with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Participants with a history of >1 monthly major motor seizure wore Nightwatch bracelet at night for 3 months. Major seizures were defined as tonic–clonic, generalized tonic >30 s, hyperkinetic, or clusters (>30 min) of short myoclonic or tonic seizures. The video of all events (alarms and nurse diaries) and about 10% of whole nights were reviewed to classify major seizures, and minor or no seizures.ResultsTwenty‐three participants with focal or generalized epilepsy and nightly motor seizures were evaluated during 1511 nights, with 1710 major seizures. First 1014 nights, 4189 alarms occurred with average of 1.44/h, showing average sensitivity of 79.9% (median 75.4%) with mean PPV of 26.7% (median 11.1%) and false alarm rate of 0.2/hour. Over 90% of false alarms in children was due to heart rate (HR) part of the detection algorithm. To improve this rate, an adaptation was made such that the alarm was only triggered when the wearer was in horizontal position. For the remaining 497 nights, this was tested prospectively, 384 major seizures occurred. This resulted in mean PPV of 55.5% (median 58.1%) and a false alarm rate 0.08/h while maintaining a comparable mean sensitivity of 79.4% (median 93.2%).SignificanceSeizure detection devices that are used in bed which depend on heartrate and movement show similar sensitivity in children and adults. However, children do show general higher false alarm rate, mostly triggered while awake. By correcting for body position, the false alarms can be limited to a level that comes close to that in adults.
Causal effects of cingulate morphology on executive functions in healthy young adults
Authors: Razzaq Fuleah A. , Bringas Vega Maria L. , Ontiveiro‐Ortega Marlis , Riaz Usama , Valdes‐Sosa Pedro A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we want to explore evidence for the causal relationship between the anatomical descriptors of the cingulate cortex (surface area, mean curvature‐corrected thickness, and volume) and the performance of cognitive tasks such as Card Sort, Flanker, List Sort used as instruments to measure the executive functions of flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory. We have performed this analysis in a cross‐sectional sample of 899 healthy young subjects of the Human Connectome Project. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using causal inference to explain the relationship between cingulate morphology and the performance of executive tasks in healthy subjects. We have tested the causal model under a counterfactual framework using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting and marginal structural models. The results showed that the posterior cingulate surface area has a positive causal effect on inhibition (Flanker task) and cognitive flexibility (Card Sort). A unit increase (+1 mm2) in the posterior cingulate surface area will cause a 0.008% and 0.009% increase from the National Institute of Health (NIH) normative mean in Flankers (p‐value <0.001), and Card Sort (p‐value 0.005), respectively. Furthermore, a unit increase (+1 mm2) in the anterior cingulate surface area will cause a 0.004% (p‐value <0.001) and 0.005% (p‐value 0.001) increase from the NIH normative mean in Flankers and Card Sort. In contrast, the curvature‐corrected‐mean thickness only showed an association for anterior cingulate with List Sort (p = 0.034) but no causal effect.
Interacting brains revisited: A cross‐brain network neuroscience perspective
Authors: Gerloff Christian , Konrad Kerstin , Bzdok Danilo , Büsing Christina , Reindl Vanessa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElucidating the neural basis of social behavior is a long‐standing challenge in neuroscience. Such endeavors are driven by attempts to extend the isolated perspective on the human brain by considering interacting persons' brain activities, but a theoretical and computational framework for this purpose is still in its infancy. Here, we posit a comprehensive framework based on bipartite graphs for interbrain networks and address whether they provide meaningful insights into the neural underpinnings of social interactions. First, we show that the nodal density of such graphs exhibits nonrandom properties. While the current hyperscanning analyses mostly rely on global metrics, we encode the regions' roles via matrix decomposition to obtain an interpretable network representation yielding both global and local insights. With Bayesian modeling, we reveal how synchrony patterns seeded in specific brain regions contribute to global effects. Beyond inferential inquiries, we demonstrate that graph representations can be used to predict individual social characteristics, outperforming functional connectivity estimators for this purpose. In the future, this may provide a means of characterizing individual variations in social behavior or identifying biomarkers for social interaction and disorders.
Somatic genomic landscape of East Asian epithelial ovarian carcinoma and its clinical implications from prospective clinical sequencing: A Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group study (KGOG 3047)
Authors: Sa Jason K. , Kim Jihye , Kang Sokbom , Kim Sang Wun , Song Taejong , Shim Seung‐Hyuk , Choi Min Chul , No Jae Hong , Song Jae‐Yun , Kim Deokhoon , Kim Yong‐Man , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Lee Jeong‐Won 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThrough the wide adaptation of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology within clinical practice, molecular profiling of the tumor has been the principal component of personalized treatment. In our study, we have generated a large collection of cancer genomes on East Asian epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) patients and demonstrate the feasibility and utility of NGS platforms to explore the dynamic interrelations of major cancer driver alterations and their impacts on clinical prognosis and management. A total of 652 EOC patients have undergone clinical NGS panels to determine the prevalence of germline and somatic mutations. Notably, TP53 was the most frequently altered event (73%), followed by both BRCA1 and BRCA2 (22% each) and MYC (19%) through pan‐EOC analysis. When analyzed based on individual histopathological levels, TP53 mutation was highly dominant in high‐grade serous and mucinous histology, whereas mutations in PIK3CA and ARID1A were mostly observed in clear cell carcinoma, and KRAS, BRAF, and CDKN2A mutations were enriched in endometrioid, low‐grade serous, and mucinous tumors, respectively. The network‐based probabilistic model showed significant co‐occurrences of TP53 with BRCA1 and ALK with BRCA2, NOTCH1, and ROS1, whereas mutual exclusivity of TP53 with KRAS and PIK3CA was evident. Furthermore, we utilized machine‐learning algorithms to identify molecular correlates that conferred increased sensitivity to platinum and olaparib treatments including somatic mutations in BRCA1, ATM, and MYC. Conversely, patients with ALK mutation were considerably resistant to both treatment modalities. Collectively, our results demonstrate the clinical feasibility of prospective genetic sequencing to facilitate personalized treatment opportunities for patients with EOC.
Violacein negatively modulates the colorectal cancer survival and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: de Souza Oliveira Patricia F. , Faria Alessandra V. S. , Clerici Stefano P. , Akagi Erica M. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Justo Giselle Z. , Durán Nelson , Ferreira‐Halder Carmen V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractViolacein is a secondary metabolite produced by several microorganisms including Chromobacterium violaceum, and it is already used in food and cosmetics. However, due to its potent anticancer and low side effects, its molecular action needs to be deeply scrutinized. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the violacein's ability to interfere with three cancer hallmarks: growth factors receptor‐dependent signaling, proliferation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Violacein has been associated with the induction of apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Here, we demonstrate that this molecule is also active in CRC spheroids and inhibits cell migration. Violacein treatment reduced the amount of EGFR and AXL receptors in the HT29 cell line. Accordingly, the inhibition of the AKT, ERK, and PKCδ kinases, which are downstream mediators of the signaling pathways triggered by EGFR and AXL, is detected. Another interesting finding was that even when the cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor‐β, the EMT marker (N‐cadherin) decreased. Therefore, this study provides further evidence that reinforces the potential of violacein as an antitumor agent, once this biomolecule can “switch off” properties associated with cancer plasticity.
Involvement of phosphatidylserine receptors in the skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic implications
Authors: Szondy Zsuzsa , Al‐Zaeed Nour , Tarban Nastaran , Fige Éva , Garabuczi Éva , Sarang Zsolt 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as disability, poor quality of life, and death. Increasing evidence indicates that diminished ability of the muscle to activate satellite cell‐dependent regeneration is one of the factors that might contribute to its development. Skeletal muscle regeneration following myogenic cell death results from the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic stem cells, called satellite cells, located beneath the basal lamina of the muscle fibres. Satellite cell differentiation is not a satellite cell‐autonomous process but depends on signals provided by the surrounding cells. Infiltrating macrophages play a key role in the process partly by clearing the necrotic cell debris, partly by producing cytokines and growth factors that guide myogenesis. At the beginning of the muscle regeneration process, macrophages are pro‐inflammatory, and the cytokines produced by them trigger the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Following the uptake of dead cells, however, a transcriptionally regulated phenotypic change (macrophage polarization) is induced in them resulting in their transformation into healing macrophages that guide resolution of inflammation, completion of myoblast differentiation, myoblast fusion and growth, and return to homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in delayed cell death clearance, delayed macrophage polarization, prolonged inflammation, and impaired muscle regeneration. Thus, proper efferocytosis by macrophages is a determining factor during muscle repair. Here we review that both efferocytosis and myogenesis are dependent on the cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS), and surprisingly, these two processes share a number of common PS receptors and signalling pathways. Based on these findings, we propose that stimulating the function of PS receptors for facilitating muscle repair following injury could be a successful approach, as it would enhance efferocytosis and myogenesis simultaneously. Because increasing evidence indicates a pathophysiological role of impaired efferocytosis in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as in impaired muscle regeneration both contributing to the development of sarcopenia, improving efferocytosis should be considered also in its management. Again applying or combining those treatments that target PS receptors would be expected to be the most effective, because they would also promote myogenesis. A potential PS receptor‐triggering candidate molecule is milk fat globule‐EGF‐factor 8 (MFG‐E8), which not only stimulates PS‐dependent efferocytosis and myoblast fusion but also promotes extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activation‐mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in myoblasts.
Comparative light and scanning electron microscopic studies of pollen of two marijuana species causing allergies
Authors: Abbas Moneeza , Shaheen Shabnum , Arshad Amina , Ali Muhammad , Rasool Bilal , Rasool Ghulam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMarijuana (Cannabis) belongs to family Cannabaceae. This plant is a great natural source of cannabinoids, which have several medical applications such as it is used for the treatment of anxiety and psychosis, disorders of motility and epilepsy. However, this plant is also notorious for its pollen allergic reactions. Mainly two species, that is, C. sativa L. and C.indica Lam. are involved in allergic reactions. In this study, morpho‐palynological studies of both the species were conducted. A number of morphological differences were observed in the both species. C. sativa is tall with narrowed leaves and fibrous stalk plant while C. indica is short, bushier, broad leaves, and having woody stalk plant. Both the species are varied in their pollen characteristics. The polar diameter of C. sativa observed was 7.5 μm and equatorial diameter was 8 μm, and its shape was oblate‐spheroidal. C. indica had 7 μm polar diameter, 7.5 μm equatorial diameter but its shape was similar to C. sativa, that is, oblate‐spheroidal. About 40%‑50% people were affected with both these marijuana species and had symptoms of allergies like dry cough, congestion, itchy eyes, sore throat, nausea, a runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing. It was concluded that both species' pollen are allergy causing and pollen of both species are different with variations in morphological and allergic symptoms.Research Highlights
Marijuana has great therapeutic importance but it is also notorious for its pollen allergic reactions. Two species of Marijuana, that is, Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica Lam mainly responsible for these pollen allergies. The present research work focused the morpho palynological analysis of these two Marijuana species through light and scanning electron microscopy.
Updates to the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model
Authors: Bolster Carl H. , Vadas Peter A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) is a spreadsheet‐based model developed for predicting annual field‐scale P loss in surface runoff and changes in soil test P. This empirically based model was designed for use by those without significant modeling experience. However, a significant limitation with the model is that it does not calculate runoff. Moreover, APLE is deterministic and thus predicts a single value for a given set of inputs, thereby ignoring any uncertainties associated with model inputs. Here, we describe modifications to APLE that allow users to estimate runoff using the Curve Number method. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the updated version of APLE also provides users the ability to account for model input uncertainties in estimating model prediction errors. We provide examples of using the revised version of APLE (ver. 3.0) for calculating P loss from two fields in Mississippi over a 4‐yr period and calculating the change in Mehlich‐3 P concentrations over a 9‐yr period at three locations in Maryland following cessation of P application. Both examples demonstrate that incorporating estimates of uncertainties in both measured data and model predictions provides modelers with a more realistic understanding of the model's performance.
Extensive evaluation of machine learning models and data preprocessings for Raman modeling in bioprocessing
Authors: Poth Michaela , Magill Gordon , Filgertshofer Alois , Popp Oliver , Großkopf Tobias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a very promising tool for monitoring key analytes in mammalian cell culture fermentations in real time. However, major challenges are associated with this promising technology in aqueous bioprocessing matrixes such as a strong background fluorescence, which is typically addressed by computational preprocessing of the raw Raman spectra. In this study, we present an extensive combinatorial assessment of various machine learning algorithms with numerous popular preprocessing methods on the performance and robustness of Raman‐based real‐time predictions of key analytes. We show that preprocessing methods have a large influence on algorithmic performance. Furthermore, there is a large variance across the various combinations of preprocessing steps and tested machine learning regression algorithms. We demonstrate that neural networks and random forest regression show very good performance and robustness across different, bioprocess relevant analytes. They significantly outperform partial least squares regression, the most widely used regression algorithm in the field. Overall, this extensive study provides a sound basis for building robust, next‐generation models for monitoring analytes in real time based on Raman spectroscopy.
Evaluation of decadal land degradation dynamics in old coal mine areas of Central India
Authors: Thakur Tarun Kumar , Dutta Joystu , Bijalwan Arvind , Swamy Singham Laxman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study attempts to understand land use land cover change dynamics in an area subjected to opencast and underground coal mining for the last few decades in Kotma Coalmines of Anuppur District in Madhya Pradesh, India through geospatial techniques. Land use and land cover (LULC) change detection analysis was performed digitally classifying LANDSAT‐5 (2001) as well as LANDSAT‐8 (2020) satellite data using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Results revealed that area under dense native vegetation decreased drastically (by 13.74 km2) with the gradual and consistent expansion in the activities of coal mines which showed the highest increase in area over time (15.84 km2). Bivariate regression analysis showed the positive empirical relationships between vegetation indices and soil physico‐chemical parameters. Studies suggested that soil and vegetation is degraded over the large mining areas consistently over a long time period. Despite the continuous reforestation activities on mined areas, the decline area under dense vegetation and sparse vegetation over the twenty‐year time‐scale indicates that the reclamation activities are still in its infancy. A land degradation vulnerability Index (LDVI) map was generated to understand the extent of decadal land degradation trends and it shows that 8.60% of the area is highly vulnerable to degradation. The land degradation index (LDI) inputs will help the planners to develop alternate strategies to tackle vulnerability zones for safe mining. Monthly estimation of various meteorological parameters was also recorded to generate heat plots for the period 2001–2020. The study concludes that monitoring and assessment of fragile ecosystems are indispensable for holistic environmental management.