bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of whole‐genome sequencing‐based tumor diagnostics in routine pathology practice
Authors: Samsom Kris G , Schipper Luuk J , Roepman Paul , Bosch Linda JW , Lalezari Ferry , Klompenhouwer Elisabeth G , de Langen Adrianus J , Buffart Tineke E , Riethorst Immy , Schoenmaker Lieke , Schout Daoin , van der Noort Vincent , van den Berg Jose G , de Bruijn Ewart , van der Hoeven Jacobus JM , van Snellenberg Hans , van der Kolk Lizet E , Cuppen Edwin , Voest Emile E , Meijer Gerrit A , Monkhorst Kim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current increase in number and diversity of targeted anticancer agents poses challenges to the logistics and timeliness of molecular diagnostics (MolDx), resulting in underdiagnosis and treatment. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) may provide a sustainable solution for addressing current as well as future diagnostic challenges. The present study therefore aimed to prospectively assess feasibility, validity, and value of WGS in routine clinical practice. WGS was conducted independently of, and in parallel with, standard of care (SOC) diagnostics on routinely obtained tumor samples from 1,200 consecutive patients with metastatic cancer. Results from both tests were compared and discussed in a dedicated tumor board. From 1,200 patients, 1,302 samples were obtained, of which 1,216 contained tumor cells. WGS was successful in 70% (854/1,216) of samples with a median turnaround time of 11 days. Low tumor purity (<20%) was the main reason for not completing WGS. WGS identified 99.2% and SOC MolDx 99.7% of the total of 896 biomarkers found in genomic regions covered by both tests. Actionable biomarkers were found in 603/848 patients (71%). Of the 936 associated therapy options identified by WGS, 343 were identified with SOC MolDx (36.6%). Biomarker‐based therapy was started in 147 patients. WGS revealed 49 not previously identified pathogenic germline variants. Fresh‐frozen, instead of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded, sample logistics were easily adopted as experienced by the professionals involved. WGS for patients with metastatic cancer is well feasible in routine clinical practice, successfully yielding comprehensive genomic profiling for the vast majority of patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube on progressive damage of epoxy/carbon fiber reinforced structural composite
Authors: Bhowmik Krishnendu , Khutia Niloy , Tarfaoui Mostapha , Jana Mrinmoy , Das Kaushik , Roy Tarapada , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit , Roy Chowdhury Amit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present work aims to demonstrate the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on mechanical behavior and damage of woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites through experimental characterizations and multi‐scale modeling. Tensile tests were conducted for MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites, and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced laminated open hole composites with different MWCNT weight ratios. The tensile modulus in CNT/epoxy nanocomposite was enhanced by 15.0%, 37.86%, and 22.86% for MWCNT reinforcement of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% wt, respectively. The corresponding improvement of tensile modulus for woven composites was 3.45%, 10.25%, and 1.53%; whereas tensile strength was increased by 19.76%, 25.78%, and 6.70%. The enhancement of tensile modulus and strength was less for 1.5% wt MWCNT laminates due to the formation of MWCNT agglomeration. The effective elastic isotropic/orthotropic properties for nanocomposite/woven composite were estimated through Mori‐Tanaka approach and numerical homogenization. The finite element simulations were performed with Hashin's damage model and extended finite element method‐based crack growth study. The delaminations between layers have been demonstrated through cohesive zone modeling. Damage propagation, interface delamination, and fiber/matrix failure were demonstrated by numerical simulations in line with scanning electron microscope observations.
Advances in the use of plants as potential biofactories in the production of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: dos Santos Cristiane , Franco Octávio Luiz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants subjected to phytopathogens can synthesize peptides with antimicrobial properties. In the last few decades, there has been an impressive increase in the prospection of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) due to continuous demand for the development and manufacture of new antibiotics. In this setting, plants have attracted scientific and pharmaceutical interest and are considered promising AMPs biofactories. However, it is a great challenge to explore the diversity of actions needed to obtain a pharmaceutical product with AMPs derived from plants on a large scale. This review presents the last 5 years main findings on plants used as AMPs biofactories. Published works in this period were reviewed, and perspectives are presented on recombinant AMPs for drug production that appear in a plant‐based system, as well as products available on the market.
How dignity‐related distress interacts with quality of life in young adult patients with cancer during the active treatment stage: A network analysis
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Wang Rui , Qiao Shiman , Liu Fuyan , Wang Lanzhong , Su Yonggang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveYoung adult patients with cancer are a growing concern. By means of network analysis, this study aimed to explore the interplay between dignity‐related distress and quality of life (QoL) in young adult patients with cancer when they undergo active treatments.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 309 young adults aged 18–39 and diagnosed with malignant tumors were recruited from an oncology center in China between September 2020 and August 2021. Participants completed the Patient Dignity Inventory and SF‐36 questionnaires. Network analysis was applied to examine the network structure.ResultsOverall, the core facets of dignity‐related distress were negatively related to QoL and its corresponding domains, either directly or indirectly. Developmental distress played a central role among estimated networks and strongly interplayed with most QoL domains, especially the mental domains. Symptom distress was the only facet consistently interplayed with the physical domains of QoL (i.e., physical function and bodily pain). The social aspects were also revealed in the association between limited social support and vitality.ConclusionsEarly attention must be paid to guarantee the need of preserving dignity and enhancing QoL for young adult patients.
Lung ultrasound to evaluate lung recruitment in neonates with respiratory distress (RELUS study)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Fanjul Javier , Corsini Iuri , Ortí Clara Sorribes , Bobillo‐Perez Sara , Raimondi Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) is a bedside tool useful to diagnose neonatal respiratory disease and to guide surfactant therapy. LUS scores have emerged as useful tool for newborn respiratory distress but is unknown if respiratory support settings may influence it. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of LUS scores evaluating lung recruitment in term newborns with respiratory distress when noninvasive respiratory it is increased.Material and MethodsProspective study in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Inclusion criteria were term neonates with respiratory distress requiring noninvasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) within first 6 h of life with an LUS score higher than 8 were enrolled. LUS was performed three times. First LUS (LUS‐1) was done in patients in nCPAP (Fabian Device) (Acutronic) (pressure of 6 cmH2O). Afterwards patients were placed in duo positive airway pressure (12/6 cmH2O), a second LUS (LUS‐2) was performed immediately and a third (LUS‐3) was done 2 h later on the same respiratory support. The primary outcome was to compare LUS scores in the different timelines. Second outcomes were to evaluate the level of respiratory distress and oxygenation were evaluated with SpO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (S/F ratio), FiO2 ratio, respiratory rate, and blood gas analysis which were analyzed during the LUS‐1 and the LUS‐3. To evaluate newborn discomfort, patients were evaluated with Crying Requires oxygen Increased vital signs Expression Sleep (CRIES) scale.ResultsForty neonates were enrolled. Fifty percent were female (n = 20), median gestational age was 38 + 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 37 + 5–39 + 4) with a median weight of 3155 g (IQR: 2637–3532). Duration of non invasive ventilation support was 72 h (IQR: 54–96). None of the patients required surfactant therapy or mechanical ventilation. LUS scores were no different between LUS‐1 9 (IQR: 8.3–10) and LUS‐2 9 (IQR: 8.3–10) (p = 0.675) but there were differences between LUS‐1 and LUS‐3 7 (IQR: 6.3–8.5) (p = 0.036). There was an improvement in the oxygen parameters, respiratory rate, and CO2 between LUS‐1 and LUS‐3 (p < 0.001). There were no changes in the CRIES scale.ConclusionsThere is an improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters after the increasing of respiratory support in newborns with noninvasive ventilation. We observe a correlation with an improvement in the assessment of lung aeration were evaluated with LUS score.
Winner or loser? The asymmetric role of natural resource rents on financial development among resource‐rich countries
Authors: Yıldırım Seda , Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı , Bostancı Seda H. , Tarı Elif Nur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe resource curse theory has become a paradox that has been discussed for many years in the literature. Because most studies have revealed empirical evidence that resource rents negatively affect financial development although resource wealth provides many advantages. Therefore, studies on whether studies conducted with different methods in different periods can produce results contrary to this theory are continuing. This study aims to test the asymmetric effect of natural resource rents on financial development among resource‐rich countries. The study investigated the data of 10 countries those have the highest natural resource rents in the World that selected from World Atlas (2018) for the period 1993–2017. As a result of empirical analysis, this study proved that there was a financial resource curse hypothesis among resource‐rich countries. While positive shocks are effecting financial development negatively, negative shocks are found as effecting financial development positively. This study also showed that resource‐rich countries are lucky but not a winner in the context of financial development and sustainable development.
The Cost of Change: How Ideological Shifts Impact Afghans' Investment in Learning English
Authors: Rabbidge Michael , Zaheeb Abdul Saboor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role of English in Afghanistan has always been contentious, but in 2001 English acquired symbolic capital that provided people with a motive to invest in learning the language. To better understand this investment, this study employed Darvin and Norton's Model of Investment along with the notion of Linguistic Entrepreneurship to investigate how dynamic shifts in the global era can influence people's willingness to invest in a new language, and how this investment is tied to issues of ideology, capital, and identity. Narrative data were collected via frames and interviews to present the experiences of people who had lived through a relatively prosperous time in Afghanistan's recent history, yet who also faced uncertainty due to the sudden shift in power that threatened the conditions which had allowed them to align themselves with more global ambitions. The study reveals how government and western support was influential in Afghans investing in English, which allowed them to accrue economic, cultural, and social capital, transforming them into linguistic entrepreneurs. However, recent events mean this support has been marginalized, diminishing the ability of Afghans to invest in English and leaving the participants in this study in a precarious position as new ideologies which promote opposition to western influence take hold of the country.
Ultrasound‐guided repositioning technique for partially expelled intrauterine device: descriptive feasibility study
Authors: Yamaguti E. M. M. , Sontag dos Reis E. T. , Martins W. P. , Nadai M. N. , Soares N. F. , da Silva Costa F. , Vieira C. S. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the feasibility of an ultrasound‐guided repositioning technique for partially expelled intrauterine devices (IUDs) without use of sedation.MethodsThis was a descriptive feasibility study of patients with a partially expelled IUD managed in our outpatient clinic from January 2016 to February 2020. The partially expelled IUDs (vertical arm extending partially or entirely through the cervical canal) were repositioned at the uterine fundus using Hartmann alligator forceps under ultrasound guidance. Paracervical or intracervical anesthesia and prophylactic antibiotics were not used. Data related to the procedure and 6‐month follow‐up were extracted from patient medical records. The primary outcome was the success rate of the repositioning procedure, defined as ultrasound confirmation of the entire IUD located above the internal os. Secondary outcomes included the retention and expulsion rates of the repositioned IUD at 6 months after the procedure and description of complications.ResultsWe included data from 55 women with a partially expelled IUD (35 levonorgestrel IUDs and 20 copper IUDs) referred for repositioning. Ultrasound‐guided repositioning of the IUD was successful in 51 (92.7%) cases, while the procedure was not completed in four patients due to pain. Of the 55 procedures, 48 (87.3%) were performed by obstetrics and gynecology trainees under the supervision of a senior specialist. Among the 51 successfully repositioned IUDs, nine (17.6%) were expelled within 6 months after the procedure and six patients were lost to follow‐up. No uterine perforation or infection‐related complications occurred within 6 months of the procedure.ConclusionThe ultrasound‐guided repositioning technique appears to be a safe and feasible approach for partially expelled IUDs. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model
Authors: Camacho Olmedo María Teresa , Mas Jean-François , Paegelow Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) modelling, soft maps are often produced to express the propensity of an area to land use change. These maps are generally prepared in raster format, and have values of between 0 and 1, indicating the propensity of each pixel to change. In the literature, they are referred to as suitability, change potential or change probability maps. These maps are sometimes considered as the final product of a model (e.g. map of deforestation risk), but they can also serve as intermediate products that simulate the changes from which a hard-simulated land use/cover map can later be prepared using, for example, a cellular automaton. In both cases, it is essential to evaluate the soft map’s ability to identify the areas that are most susceptible to change. One way of assessing this ability is to compare the spatial coincidence between the real changes observed on the ground and the values estimated by the soft map. One would expect real change areas to coincide with high change potential values (near 1) and real no-change areas with low change potential values (near 0). This comparison can be made using various statistical approaches including Correlation Coefficient (Sect. 1), the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) (Sect. 2) and the Difference in Potential (DiP) (Sect. 3). Other measures, such as total uncertainty, quantity uncertainty and allocation uncertainty (Sect. 4), are used exclusively in the analysis of soft maps. In this chapter, we describe the fundamental steps involved in these four statistical approaches to validating the soft maps produced by a model. The four sections are illustrated with specific cases: to validate soft maps produced by the model, to validate soft maps produced by the model against a reference map and to validate soft maps produced by various models against a reference map. We use the Ariège database to validate the different soft maps (change potential and suitability maps) produced by the model by comparing them with real land use maps of the Ariège Valley for two dates (CORINE 2012 and 2018). All these validation techniques are carried out using raster data. As commented earlier, the soft maps produced by the model are continuous, ranked variables. We designed exercises using this original format. In other chapters of this book, the soft maps produced by the model are validated after reclassification of the original maps.
Advanced Pattern Analysis to Validate Land Use Cover Maps
Authors: Paegelow Martin , García-Álvarez David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we explore pattern analysis for categorical LUC maps as a means of validating land use cover maps, land change and land change simulations. In addition to those described in Chap. “Spatial Metrics to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”, we present three complementary methods and techniques: a Goodness of Fit metric to measure the agreement between two maps in terms of pattern (Map Curves), the focus on changes on pattern borders as a method for validating on-border processes and a technique quantifying the magnitude of distance error. Map Curves (Sect. 1) offers a universal pattern-based index, called Goodness of Fit (GOF), which measures the spatial concordance between categorical rasters or vector layers. Complementary to this pattern validation metric, the following Sect. 2 focuses specifically on the changes that take place on pattern borders. This enables changes to be divided into those that take place on the borders of existing features and those that form new, disconnected features. Bringing this chapter on landscape patterns to a close, Sect. 3 presents a technique for quantifying allocation errors in simulation maps and more precisely on the minimum distance between the allocation errors in simulation maps and the nearest patch belonging to the same category on the reference map. The comparison between a raster-based and a vector-based approach brings us back to the differences in measurement inherent in the representation of entities in raster and vector mode. These techniques are applied to two datasets. Section 1 uses the Asturias Central Area database, where CORINE maps are compared to SIOSE maps and simulation outputs. For their part, the techniques described in Sects. 2 and 3 are applied to the Ariège Valley database. CORINE maps for 2000 and 2018 are used as reference maps in comparisons with simulated land covers.
General Land Use Cover Datasets for Africa
Authors: García-Álvarez David , Lara Hinojosa Javier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral general Land Use Cover (LUC) datasets are available for Africa. They provide a general picture of the land uses and covers in more than one African country, rather than focusing on any specific type. In this chapter, we review six datasets of this kind. Only one (CCI LAND COVER – S2 PROTOTYPE, 30 m) covers the whole continent, while the others map certain specific regions of Africa. All these datasets have been produced within the context of specific projects, usually sponsored by international organizations such as the European Space Agency (ESA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Once these projects come to an end, no new updates of the maps were published, which limits the potential and the temporal resolution of the available datasets. For Africa, only the West Africa Land Use Land Cover (2 km) and the SERVIR-ESA (30 m) provide a time series of LUC maps. The first provides maps for three reference years (1975, 2000, 2013), while in the second the number of maps available and their respective reference years vary from country to country: from 2 to 4 different editions issued between 1990 and 2015. AFRICOVER (1:200,000) and the Congo Basin Vegetation Types dataset (300 m) provide LUC information for just one reference year, although they were created from imagery covering a long time-span: 1994–2001 for AFRICOVER and 2000–2007 for Congo Basin Vegetation Types. The SADC Land Cover Database (1:250,000) was obtained by merging and harmonizing national and regional LUC datasets. As a result, the reference year varies from one country to the next, always between 1990 and 1997. The CCI LAND COVER – S2 PROTOTYPE was produced at the highest spatial resolution of all the datasets reviewed in this chapter (30 m). It also provided the most comprehensive, most updated LUC image of Africa, with information for the year 2015/16.
Sample Data for Thematic Accuracy Assessment in QGIS
Authors: Castillo-Santiago Miguel Ángel , Mondragón-Vázquez Edith , Domínguez-Vera Roberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present an approach that is widely used in the field of remote sensing for the validation of single LUC maps. Unlike other chapters in this book, where maps are validated by comparison with other maps with better resolution and/or quality, this approach requires a ground sample dataset, i.e. a set of sites where LUC can be observed in the field or interpreted from high-resolution imagery. Map error is assessed using techniques based on statistical sampling. In general terms, in this approach, the accuracy of single LUC maps is assessed by comparing the thematic map against the reference data and measuring the agreement between the two. When assessing thematic accuracy, three stages can be identified: the design of the sample, the design of the response, and the estimation and analysis protocols. Sample design refers to the protocols used to define the characteristics of the sampling sites, including sample size and distribution, which can be random or systematic. Response design involves establishing the characteristics of the reference data, such as the size of the spatial assessment units, the sources from which the reference data will be obtained, and the criteria for assigning labels to spatial units. Finally, the estimation and analysis protocols include the procedures applied to the reference data to calculate accuracy indices, such as user’s and producer’s accuracy, the estimated areas covered by each category and their respective confidence intervals. This chapter has two sections in which we present a couple of exercises relating to sampling and response design; the sample size will be calculated, the distribution of sampling sites will be obtained using a stratified random scheme, and finally, a set of reference data will be obtained by photointerpretation at the sampling sites (spatial units). The accuracy statistics will be calculated later in Sect. 5 in chapter “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps” as part of the cross-tabulation exercises. The exercises in this chapter use fine-scale LUC maps obtained for the municipality of Marqués de Comillas in Chiapas, Mexico.