bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Simulations Suggest Riparian Restoration Can Partly Counteract Climate Impacts to Juvenile Salmon
Authors: Fullerton Aimee H. , Sun Ning , Baerwalde Matthew J. , Hawkins Brooke L. , Yan Hongxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change is reducing summertime water availability and elevating water temperature, placing human consumptive needs in competition with needs of coldwater fishes. We worked with natural resource managers in the Snoqualmie River (Washington, USA) to develop riparian management scenarios, and used a process‐based modeling system to examine how a threatened population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) may respond to climate change and whether riparian restoration could reduce climate effects. Linking models of global climate, regional hydrology, water temperature, and fish, we projected that streams would become warmer year‐round and drier during summer, further stressing salmon. Climate change accelerated egg emergence, increased juvenile growth and survival, and accelerated outmigration of sub‐yearling migrants. Growth was depressed for salmon remaining instream during summer (potential yearling migrants). Riparian restoration counteracted ~10% of summer increases in water temperature, and affected salmon similarly regardless of whether riparian buffers were partially or fully restored, whereas riparian degradation further warmed streams. Riparian restoration fully mitigated climate change effects on potential yearling migrant size, but only minimally affected sub‐yearling migrants (assessment metrics changed <2%). Our results will be useful for watershed managers in aligning priorities for fish and humans and our framework can be applied elsewhere.
Validating ATLAS: A regional‐scale high‐throughput tracking system
Authors: Beardsworth Christine E. , Gobbens Evy , van Maarseveen Frank , Denissen Bas , Dekinga Anne , Nathan Ran , Toledo Sivan , Bijleveld Allert I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Fine‐scale tracking of animal movement is important to understand the proximate mechanisms of animal behaviour. The reverse‐GPS system—ATLAS—uses inexpensive (~€25), lightweight (<1 g) and low‐power (~0.4 mJ/transmission) tags. Six systems are now operational worldwide and have successfully tracked over 50 species in various landscape types. The growing use of ATLAS to track animal movement motivates further refinement of best‐practice application and an assessment of its accuracy.

Here, we test the accuracy and precision of the largest ATLAS system, located in the Dutch Wadden Sea, using concurrent GPS measurements as a reference. This large‐scale ATLAS system consists of 26 receivers and covers 1,326 km2 of intertidal region, with almost no physical obstacles for radio signals, providing a useful baseline for other systems. We compared ATLAS and GPS location estimates for a route (mobile test) and 16 fixed locations (stationary test) on the Griend mudflat. Precision was estimated using standard deviation during the stationary tests. We also give examples of tracked red knots Calidris canutus islandica to illustrate the use of the system in tracking small shorebirds (~120 g).

ATLAS‐derived location estimates differed from GPS by a median of 4.2 m (stationary test) and 5.7 m (mobile test). Signals that were collected by more receiver stations were more accurate, although even three‐receiver localisations were comparable with GPS localisations (~10 m difference). Receivers that detected 90% of the 1 Hz transmissions from our test tag were within 5 km of their furthest detection but height of both receiver and tag seemed to influence detection distance. The test tag (1 Hz) had a fix rate of >90% at 15 of 16 stationary sites. Tags on birds (1/6 Hz) on the Griend mudflat had a mean fix rate of 51%, yielding an average sampling rate of 0.085 Hz. Fix rates were higher in more central parts of the receiver array.

ATLAS provides accurate, regional‐scale tracking with which hundreds of relatively small‐bodied species can be tracked simultaneously for long periods of time. Future ATLAS users should consider the height of receivers, their spatial arrangement, density and the movement modes of their study species (e.g. ground‐dwelling or flying).
Latvia: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: IKSTENS JĀNIS 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fight against Covid‐19 largely shaped the Latvian political agenda, undermined public support for key political institutions and led to ministerial changes in 2021. Some opposition parties attempted to use the pandemic to mobilize their supporters ahead of the 2022 parliamentary elections. The populist KPV LV/Partija KPV LV (KPV LV) party suffered a crushing defeat in the municipal elections, which were characterized by low turnout, the modest success of centre‐left parties and a rather good showing of the governing parties.
Czech Republic: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: KUDRNÁČ ALEŠ , PETRÚŠEK IVAN 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral important events occurred in Czech politics in 2021. The cabinet of Prime Minister Babiš primarily focused on tackling the COVID‐19 pandemic. Four cabinet changes were made, two affecting the Health Minister and two affecting the Foreign Minister. The Constitutional Court repealed several sections of the electoral law governing the general election, leaving only a few months to pass a new electoral law before the next general election. In the October 2021 election, the SPOLU electoral alliance won the popular vote, while the governing party ANO gained the most seats under the new electoral law. The election was a disaster for left‐wing parties, as Social Democrats and the Communists gained no seats in the lower house. A new coalition government, led by political science professor Petr Fiala, was formed at the end of 2021. President Zeman was hospitalised for several weeks, casting doubts about whether he was able to fulfil his presidential duties.
Morphological and structural differences between the hemipenes and hemiclitores of golden lancehead snakes, Bothrops insularis (Amaral, 1922), revealed by radiography
Authors: Campos Garcia Viviane , dos Santos Amorim Lígia Grazziely , Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis) is a critically endangered and island endemic snake. A remarkable characteristic of golden lanceheads is the high frequency of females showing hemiclitores. Here, we use radiography to identify morphological and structural differences between the hemipenes and hemiclitores in captive individuals. Sex was identified using the probing method and confirmed by visualizing the gonads by ultrasound. Hemipenes appeared as herringbone‐shaped structures with bone radiopacity and hemiclitores as triangular structures with soft tissue radiopacity. These differences suggest that hemiclitores spines fail to develop the level of ossification observed in hemipenis spines.
Functional and structural efficacy of a novel combinational therapy of aflibercept and timely focal/grid photocoagulation in diabetic macular oedema: do clinical study results compare favourably with a standard‐of‐care treated real‐world population?
Authors: Jørgensen Mathias M. , Vestergaard Anders H. , Blindbæk Søren L. , Peto Tunde , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate treatment efficacy in diabetic macular oedema (DME) comparing a study population receiving combined intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition and focal/grid photocoagulation with a matched, real‐world population receiving standard of care treatment.MethodsIn an exploratory study, we included 43 eyes from 32 patients from a previously published study as well as 46 eyes from 38 standard‐of‐care patients. The study population had received a loading dose of three monthly aflibercept injections followed by focal/grid photocoagulation and additional aflibercept pro re nata. Principal measurements at 12 months were numbers of intravitreal injections, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT).ResultsAt baseline, there were no differences between groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, haemoglobin A1C, systolic pressure or type of diabetes, but the study population had a higher diastolic pressure (81.6 versus 72.1 mmHg, p = 0.03) and a lower duration of diabetes (12.3 versus 23.2 years, p = 0.03). At month 12, patients in the study group had a higher visual acuity (79.6 versus 74.3 ETDRS letters, p = 0.03), despite having received fewer aflibercept injections (4.4 versus 5.9, p < 0.01) with a higher likelihood of having only received the three mandatory injections in the loading phase (39.5% versus 13.0%, p = 0.01).ConclusionIn comparison to a matched, real‐world DME‐population, patients in combined treatment with intravitreal aflibercept and postloading focal/grid photocoagulation obtained a better functional outcome despite having received fewer intravitreal injections. Future randomized studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term efficacy of this combined treatment regimen.
Novel insights into the pathophysiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: The role of vitreoschisis‐induced vitreous cortex remnants
Authors: van Overdam Koen A. , van den Bosch Thierry P.P. , van Etten Peter G. , Uppal Gurmit S. , Veckeneer Marc , Verdijk Robert M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeWe previously hypothesized a causal relationship between vitreoschisis‐induced vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) and the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This study aims to substantiate this association through histopathological analysis of surgical specimens in support of strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes.MethodsA descriptive, prospective, non‐consecutive case series. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on membranes removed from the peripheral retinal surface during initial vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (n = 11) or recurrent retinal detachment (n = 12). The clinical aspect of the membranes ranged from loose‐meshed membranes visualized with triamcinolone to more fibrotic membranes stained with trypan blue.ResultsConsistent with the clinical presentation, histopathological analysis revealed membranes with different area characteristics. Paucicellular lamellar collagen‐rich areas, suggestive of VCR, appeared to transition to areas of increased cellularity and eventually more fibrotic areas of low cellularity. Five different area characteristics could be identified that seemed to correspond to five histopathological stages in PVR formation, with lamellar VCR collagen acting as an essential precondition: 1. Lamellar collagen, low cellularity (hyalocytes). 2. Lamellar collagen, increased cellularity (hyalocytes, glial cells). 3. Lamellar collagen, high cellularity (macrophages, glial cells, RPE‐cells). 4. Early fibrosis, decreased cellularity (myofibroblasts). 5. Fibrosis, low cellularity (myofibroblasts).ConclusionThese findings confirm the role of VCR in preretinal PVR formation posterior to the vitreous base. We propose that the presence of VCR over the retinal surface should be qualified as a risk factor for PVR formation. Detection and adequate removal of VCR may improve the success rate of vitreoretinal surgeries.
The impact of perceived due care on trustworthiness and free market support in the Dutch banking sector
Authors: Graafland Johan , de Gelder Eefje 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPublic interest theory has argued that lack of trust in companies may reduce support for free markets. The literature did not address, however, the underlying causes of lack of trust and support of free markets in customer’s perceptions of virtuousness in economic actors. Combining public interest theory with virtue theory and stakeholder trust theory of organizations, we surmise that if customers perceive that employees of companies have insufficient due care for customers’ interests, the perceived trustworthiness of those companies will be low. Customers will then be more inclined to support government regulation in that particular sector or industry. In this paper, we test the relevance of these relationships for the banking sector using a representative sample of 5844 respondents in the Netherlands. We find that if bankers are perceived as persistent in their due care for customers, this encourages a perception that banks are trustworthy, which in turn induces support for free markets in banking and reduces the call for government regulation. An important management implication of our research is that banks should foster due care by means of employee‐virtue training programs to enhance trust, thus generating more support for free market operations in the banking sector.
Gray and white matter alterations in different predominant side and type of motor symptom in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Jiang Xianchen , Wu Jingjing , Wu Haoting , Zhou Cheng , Guo Tao , Bai Xueqin , Liu Xiaocao , Wen Jiaqi , Cao Zhengye , Gu Luyan , Yang Wenyi , Pu Jiali , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Baorong , Zhang Minming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is highly heterogeneous reflected by different affected side of body and type of motor symptom. We aim to explore clinical characteristics and underlying brain structure alterations in PD with different predominant sides and motor types.MethodsWe recruited 161 PD patients and 50 healthy controls (HC). Patients were classified into four subtypes according to their predominant side and motor type: left akinetic/rigid‐dominant (LAR), left tremor‐dominant (LTD), right akinetic/rigid‐dominant (RAR), and right tremor‐dominant (RTD). All participants assessed motor and cognitive performances, then underwent T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging scanning. A general linear model was used to compare neuroimaging parameters among five groups.ResultsAmong four PD subtypes, patients of LAR subtype experienced the worst motor impairment, and only this subtype showed worse cognitive performance compared with HC. Compared with HC and other subtypes, LAR subtype showed a significant reduction in cortical thickness of the right caudal‐anterior‐cingulate gyrus and fractional anisotropy of the right cingulum bundle.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that LAR subtype had the worst clinical performance, which the severer damage in the right cingulate region might be the underlying mechanism. This study underscores the importance of classifying PD subtypes based on both the side and type of motor symptom for clinical intervention and research to optimize behavioral outcomes in the future.
Distinct pathways to stakeholder use versus academic contribution in climate adaptation research
Authors: Hyman Amanda A. , Courtney Steph L. , McNeal Karen S. , Bialic‐Murphy Lalasia , Furiness Cari S. , Eaton Mitchell J. , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChallenges facing societies around the globe as they plan for and adapt to climate change are so large that usable, research‐driven recommendations to inform management actions are urgently needed. We sought to understand factors that influence the variation of academic contribution and use of collaborative research on climate change. We surveyed researchers (n = 31), program‐leaders (n = 5), and stakeholders (n = 81) from projects supported by a federally funded network across the United States. Our results suggest that peer‐reviewed publications do not lead to use, but frequency of meetings with stakeholders significantly increased use. Overall, the factors needed for projects to have high degrees of academic contributions are distinct from those needed to be useful to stakeholders. Furthermore, leadership perceptions of use of projects were significantly different from users. Our quantitative results can inform future requests for proposals and better enable researchers using collaborative approaches to conduct science that is more often used by stakeholders.
Health status of young adults with serious mental illness enrolled in integrated care
Authors: Brunette Mary F. , Gowarty Minda A. , Gaughan‐Maher Ashley E. , Pratt Sarah I. , Aschbrenner Kelly A. , Considine‐Sweeny Sheila , Elliott Jennifer , Almeida Margaret , L'Esperance Alicia M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) are more likely to develop chronic health conditions and die prematurely. Timely identification of modifiable health risk factors may enable early intervention. We aimed to describe the physical health characteristics and service utilization of young people with SMI.MethodsYoung people with SMI enrolled in an integrated community mental health clinic (CMHC) and primary care program were assessed for physical and mental health history and past year service utilization.ResultsA total of 122 participants, ages 16–35 (m = 27.0 ± 5.0 years), half male, 78.3% White were assessed. Half smoked cigarettes, half had obesity, almost half (47.5%, n = 56) had hypertension, and about a third had laboratory metabolic abnormalities. The group averaged 10.7 ± 5.1 h of sedentary behavior per day. Obesity was associated with high blood pressure, prediabetes, poor self‐rated health abilities, sedentary behavior and low health satisfaction. Over half had been to the emergency department (ED) for a medical reason (55.0%, n = 66) and 24.6% had been hospitalized for a health condition in the past year. Over half had a lifetime cardiovascular risk score indicating a 50–67% chance of having a cardiovascular event; simply quitting smoking would reduce the number with this risk by almost half. Most physical health diagnoses were not recorded in the CMHC record.ConclusionYoung people with SMI newly enrolled in integrated care had high rates of smoking, obesity, hypertension, and other cardio‐metabolic abnormalities contributing to high risk for future disease. Research is needed to examine appealing, scalable interventions to improve health, reduce unnecessary medical care, and prevent disparate chronic disease in this group.
Embodied virtual geographies: Linkages between bodies, spaces, and digital environments
Authors: Osborne Tess , Jones Phil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWithin an ongoing debate about the relationships between the body and technological experiences within virtual reality (VR), there has hitherto been limited consideration of the spatial. Geographers, meanwhile, have only just begun to engage with VR and its spatialities but have paid less attention to its embodiment. The technology allows users to go beyond merely imagining themselves in a different world, creating a real sense of presence in the digital realm. Immersion and presence in VR are, however, a mix of space, embodiment and the digital. As such, any discussion of VR requires critical consideration of both embodiment and space. This paper therefore explores some of the linkages between bodies, spaces and VR to demonstrate how engagement with VR can enrich geographical scholarship.
Association among headache, temporomandibular disorder, and awake bruxism: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Silva Tatiana B. , Ortiz Fernanda R. , Maracci Lucas M. , Silva Gabriela B. P. , Salbego Rafaela S. , Liedke Gabriela S. , Marquezan Mariana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between headache, myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and awake bruxism (AB).BackgroundBruxism seems to act as a risk factor for TMD and its associated comorbidities, such as headaches.MethodsIn total, 406 medical records of individuals who sought care at a university dental clinic were screened. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was used to assess and diagnose TMD, as well as to obtain self‐reports of AB and headache.ResultsThe sample consisted of 307 medical records. About 72.5% (221/305) of the sample reported having headaches, and 67.4% (180/267) and 68.4% (210/307) were diagnosed with AB and TMD, respectively. Individuals who reported having AB (odds ratio [OR], 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–4.7) and who were diagnosed with myofascial TMD (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.15–5.5) were more likely to have had headaches in the past 6 months when compared with patients without myofascial TMD and bruxism. Also, individuals who self‐reported headache were 2.27 times (95% CI, 1.09–4.7) more likely to have AB and 2.45 times (95% CI, 1.13–5.34) more likely to have myofascial pain than individuals without headaches.ConclusionsIndividuals with myofascial TMD, headaches, or AB were more likely to have at least one of the other conditions.
Supporting safe and gradual reduction of long‐term benzodiazepine receptor agonist use: Development of the SAFEGUARDING‐BZRAs toolkit using a codesign approach
Authors: Lynch Tom , Ryan Cristín , Bradley Colin , Foster D. , Huff Christy , Hutchinson Sharon , Lamberson Nicole , Lynch Lily , Cadogan Cathal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionLong‐term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use persists in healthcare settings worldwide and poses risks of patient harm.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an intervention to support discontinuation of long‐term BZRA use among willing individuals.MethodsThe intervention development process aligned with the UK Medical Research Council's complex intervention framework. This involved a previous systematic review of brief interventions targeting long‐term BZRA use in primary care and qualitative interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework that explored barriers and facilitators to discontinuing long‐term BZRA use. A codesign approach was used involving an active partnership between experts by experience, researchers and clinicians. Intervention content was specified in terms of behaviour change techniques (BCTs).ResultsThe SAFEGUARDING‐BZRAs (Supporting sAFE and GradUAl ReDuctIon of loNG‐term BenZodiazepine Receptor Agonist uSe) toolkit comprises 24 BCTs and includes recommendations targeted at primary care‐based clinicians for operationalizing each BCT to support individuals with BZRA discontinuation.ConclusionThe SAFEGUARDING‐BZRAs toolkit has been developed using a systematic and theory‐based approach that addresses identified limitations of previous research. Further research is needed to assess its usability and acceptability by service users and clinicians, as well as its potential to effectively support safe and gradual reduction of long‐term BZRA use.Patient or Public ContributionThe qualitative interview phase included patients as participants. The codesign process included ‘experts by experience’ with either current or previous experience of long‐term BZRA use as collaborators.
Correlating structure with mechanical properties in lithium borophosphate glasses
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Youngman Randall E. , Jensen Lars R. , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConnecting structure with mechanical properties is needed for improving the mechanical reliability of oxide glasses. Although the mechanical properties of silicate and borosilicate glasses have been intensively studied, this is not the case for phosphate and borophosphate glasses. To this end, we here study the structure, density, glass transition, hardness, elasticity, and cracking behavior of lithium borophosphate glasses. The glasses are designed with different B/P ratios to access different boron and phosphorus speciation. The introduction of boron in the phosphate network increases the average network rigidity because of the reduction in the fraction of nonbridging oxygens as well as the exchange of phosphate groups with more constrained BO4 groups. These structural changes result in an increase in density, Vickers hardness, glass transition temperature, and Young's modulus, and a decrease in Poisson's ratio for higher B2O3 content. Furthermore, the increase in network rigidity and atomic packing density results in a lower ability of the glasses to densify upon indentation, resulting in an overall decrease in crack initiation resistance. Finally, we find an increase in the fraction of trigonal boron units in the high‐B2O3 glasses, which has a significant effect on atomic packing density and Vickers hardness.