bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualizing the Primacy–Supremacy Debate in EU Law
Authors: Tuominen Tomi 
Published: March 2022

The practical effects of the principle of primacy of EU law are well established in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). However, the highest national courts have had difficulties in coming to terms with the principle. Does the primacy of EU law also entail the ‘supremacy’ of EU law, and what is the significance of this for national sovereignty? There seems to be no coherence in the academic discussion on how to use the terms primacy and supremacy and what they actually entail. This article presents a reconceptualization of the way in which the terms primacy and supremacy could be understood in EU law. It is argued that they are two distinct concepts: primacy refers to actual conflicts between a national norm and an EU norm in situations concerning individual rights, whereas supremacy refers to the structural relation between the EU’s and the Member States’ legal orders that manifests itself as institutional conflicts of competence. This article maps out the primacy–supremacy debate, assesses the proposed conceptualization in light of recent European and national case law, and positions the argument in relation to constitutional pluralism, the leading theory of European constitutionalism.
primacy, supremacy, sovereignty, constitutional pluralism, Court of Justice, national courts, comparative constitutionalism, EU law, European integration
Enhancing Narrative Writing Ability of A Ci Learner With The Help of Picture Stories and Mind Maps
Authors: Ershad Qurratulain , Noreen Sumaira 
Published: March 2022

The present research aimed at investigating the impact and benefits of picture storytelling and mind maps on the narrative abilities of a CI student. Action research was conducted to improve help CI learner write better narratives using picture stories and mind maps. An action-research was conducted to help CI learners to improve their narrative writing skills. The data was collected over a period of six months, during which the participant was taught for 30-40 minutes daily. The overall results showed a significant improvement in narrative writing ability of the participant. The result also depicted efficacy of picture storytelling and mind maps leading to essential need to incorporate them in English classes in order to help the CI learner to write to narratives to her best of her abilities. This research also showed the effectuality of these strategies as a guide to teachers providing guidance in planning and conducting English language lessons.
Analisis Semiotika Nilai-Nilai Moral Agama Pada Film Tarung Sarung
Authors: Kinanti Sekar , Rifa’i A. Badru 
Published: March 2022

Film merupakan media alternatif dakwah dalam mengantarkan nilai- nilai ajaran Islam kepada khalayak masyarakat. Film juga berperan sebagai kontrol sosial apabila di dalamnya tercantum muatan data (edukatif ataupun persuasive). Seperti halnya halnya film Tarung Sarung di dalamnya memiliki nilai- nilai moral keagamaan melalui simbol- simbol adegan, bahasa, prilaku serta perilaku pada film tersebut spesialnya buat golongan anak muda.
Riset ini bertujuan buat mengenali nilai- nilai moral keagamaan di kalangan remaja yang tercantum dalam film Tarung Sarung serta membagikan data supaya tetap mengambil nilai- nilai kebaikan dalam sesuatu tontonan.
Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif (deskripsi kualitatif), sebab dengan tata cara ini bisa menggambarkan sesuatu kondisi secara apa terdapatnya. Dalam analisisnya menggunakan teori semiotika Ferdinad de Saussure. Setiap ciri kebahasaan pada dasarnya melaporkan suatu konsep serta sesuatu citra suara yang terkandung dalam film Tarung Sarung.
Penelitian film Tarung Sarung merupakan film yang mengangkat isu budaya lokal yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai moral agama tentang pergaulan khususnya di kalangan remaja yaitu menjauhi kekerasan dan bersikap baik terhadap sesama, dilarang berlebihan terhadap sesuatu, larangan menyekutukan Allah SWT, doharuskan hormat kepada yang lebih tua, bersikap terhadap lawan jenis, dilarang sombong atau takabur, dan sebagai muslim harus kuat dan bersungguh-sungguh.
Differences of Precipitation Characteristics among GCMs over Southeast Asia under AR6 Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Sittichok Ketvara , Thepprasit Chaiyapong 
Published: March 2022

Southeast Asia is known globally as a highly vulnerable climate change region. Precipitation is the primary factor that impacts livelihood in this region due to recurring flood and drought incidents. Variables projections under climate change can be made using General Circulation Models (GCMs). An investigation of projected precipitation with the new phase of the model experiment, the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), is worth to be considered. This study investigates the spatial distributions of variability, trend and conditions (wet/dry) of precipitations generated using 10 GCMs over the SEA under AR6 with four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8). Three statistical methods, coefficient of variation (CV), Mann-Kendall test (MK) and standardized anomaly index (SAI), were calculated by grid cells. Significant differences among GCMs could be seen in the results. High precipitation variation with CV was indicated around the southern part of Indonesia and the Philippines oceans for six models, whereas only one model (MRI-ESM2) returned strong variation for mainland countries. A decreasing precipitation trend during the historical period could be observed in mainland countries with four GCMs. However, the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 of most models presented precipitation increment. The extremely wet and dry ratio to all other years was calculated. Highly wet years higher than 10% were indicated in SSP5-8.5 with MPI-ESM1 occurring in most areas of the region, whereas other models gave 6-10% of highly wet occurrence. Drought situation occurred higher than 10% and could be seen with only three models with small areas under all scenarios. returned strong variation for mainland countries. A decreasing precipitation trend during the historical period could be observed in mainland countries with four GCMs. However, the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 of most models presented precipitation increment. The extremely wet and dry ratio to all other years was calculated. Highly wet years higher than 10% were indicated in SSP5-8.5 withMPI-ESM1 occurring in most areas of the region, whereas other models gave 6-10% of highly wet occurrence. Drought situation occurred higher than 10% and could be seen with only three models with small areas under all scenarios.
What if the Forecaster Knew: Assessing Forecast Reliability Via Simulation
Authors: Inacio M. , Izbicki R. , Lopes D. , Diniz M. A. , Salasar L. E. , Ferreira J. C. P. 
Published: March 2022

The FIFA Men’s World Cup (FWC) is the most important football (soccer) competition, attracting worldwide attention. A popular practice among football fans in Brazil is to organize contests in which each participant informs guesses on the final score of each match. The participants are then ranked according to some scoring rule. Inspired by these contests, we created a website to hold an online contest, in which participants were asked for their probabilities on the outcomes of upcoming matches of the FWC. After each round of the tournament, the ranking of all participants based on a proper scoring rule was published. In this article we estimate, by means of simulations, the ability of the best forecasters of our contest, considering that their good performances could be due to randomness. We also study the performance of some methods to aggregate individual forecasts, in order to study if some sort of wisdom of crowds (WOC) phenomenon was verified in the contest.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Time Token Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 13 Langgapayung
Authors: Yulianda Asri 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhi model pembelajaran time token terhadap kemampuan berbicara siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini penelitian Quasi Eksperiment dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa pada kelas eksperimen 30 siswa dan kelas kontrol 30 siswa. Hasil pemberian pretest pada kelas eksperimen rata-ratanya adalah 55,9 dan hasil pretest pada kelas kontrol rata-ratanya adalah i53,4. Hasil siswa pada kelas eksperimen 30 siswa dan kelas kontrol 30 isiswa. Hasil pemberian posttest pada kelas eksperimen rata-ratanya adalah 85,7 dan hasil posttest pada kelas kontrol rata-ratanya adalah 68,1. Berdasarkan uji normalitas kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan, maka dapat dinyatakan “berdistribusi normal”. Hasil uji homogenitas untuk dan dengan taraf signifikan 0.05. maka yaitu . Hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan berarti data dinyatakan homogen atau sama, karena kedua kelompok berdistribusi normal dan homogen, maka langkah selanjutnya yaitu meneguji hipotesis dengan mengggunakan uji t. Hasil uji t nilai tes akhir menunjukkan bahwa maka diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa jawaban dari permasalahan yang diajukan adalah “Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Time Token terhadap kemampuan berbicara siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 04 Langgapayung”.
Behavioral Process in Text of I Durma Anak Lara: Systemic Functional Linguistics
Authors: Semadi Yoga Putra 
Published: March 2022

Text of I Durma Anak Lara is a written text held by Balinese people. The text conveys life philosophy how to behave in the community especially in social behavior. The text is figured by I Durma as the main figure and his father as the supporting figure. This text is viewed to be very interesting to explore since there is deep moral value embed. In addition, the research also aimed to preserve the existence of the text in the community especially for the youth. The moral value is realized in behavioral process. Because of those reason, this research explored how behavioral process works in the text. The theory used to solve the problem is the theory of transitivity as part of Systemic Functional Linguistics proposed by Halliday (2014). The research used was qualitative research because this research focused on social phenomenon and the theory was used as analyze the problem. The data were taken from Balinese text written by Suwija, et.al (2019). The technique used to collect the data was syntagmatic and paradigmatic. The result of the research indicated that the text has very deep moral value that must be applied in community. The moral values were described with clauses applying behavioral process. The behaviors were performed with verbs related to physical motions which influence psychology aspects. The word lara ‘difficult’ cannot be translated from the lexicon, but it is interpreted as the success can be obtained through the difficult efforts which must be done consciously and seriously.
What are the independent prognostic factors in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer?
Authors: Alcan Sermin , Ergin Makbule , Keskin Hakan , Erdoğan Abdullah 
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aims to investigate the prognostic factors affecting survival in patients undergoing surgical treatment for esophageal cancer.
Methods: A total of 50 patients (33 males, 17 females; mean age: 57.8±11.8 years; range, 28 to 80 years) who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in our clinic between January 2008 and March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic factors affecting survival were investigated. Data including age, sex, tumor size, histological and macroscopic type, tumor stage, T and N categories, the total number of resected lymph nodes and metastatic lymph node ratio, differentiation degree, vascular and perineural invasion, proximal surgical margin distance, adjuvant therapy, and the presence of postoperative complications were recorded.
Results: The patients after radical surgery with a tumor size of <3 cm, macroscopic type non-ulcerative-infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma pathology, Stage 1 disease, pT1-2, pN0, well-differentiated groups, no perineural invasion, a metastatic lymph node ratio of <0.2, proximal surgery margin length of 5 to 10 cm, and no postoperative complications had higher five-year survival rates. However, when the effects of these factors on overall survival were examined independently, none of them had a statistically significant effect (p>0.05). The main factors affecting the prognosis were Stage ?2 disease, postoperative complications, and proximal surgical margin less than 5 cm.
Conclusion: Our study results suggest that Stage 1 disease, a proximal surgical margin length of more than 5 cm, and the absence of complications are associated with longer survival times and these patients are greatly benefited from surgical treatment.
Phytoextraction of Zn(II) and Cu(II) by Canna indica: Related Physiological Effects
Authors: Plaza Cazón Josefina , Gonzalez Matías , Ruscitti Marcela 
Published: March 2022

Phytoremediation is a technique for treatment areas with medium or low heavy metals concentrations. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the usefulness of Canna indica L. as phytoremediator species. The plants were treated with three increasing Zn(II) and Cu(II) solutions. 21 days later, dry weight, relative membrane conductivity, chlorophyll, carotene, malondialdehyde, soluble proteins, proline, and Zn(II) and Cu(II) contents were measured. Zn(II) and Cu (II) treatments caused a decline in the dry weight, chlorophyll, carotene, and soluble proteins content, whereas the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde, and proline content showed the opposite pattern. The bioaccumulation reached values approximately 48 and 15 times higher (5293 mg kg−1 and 1425 mg kg−1), compared with the control, for Zn(II) and Cu(II), respectively. Our results suggest that this species can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted soils with moderate concentrations of Zn(II) and Cu(II).
Aspectos socioeconômicos, produtivos e ambientais da agricultura familiar praticada no NPA III Boa Sorte, Araguatins(TO)
Authors: Guimarães Kelly Cristina Figueiredo , Labinas Adriana Mascarette 
Published: March 2022

No Brasil, a agricultura familiar é uma das grandes responsáveis por abastecer o mercado interno com produtos diversos, de menor custo, em espaços, relativamente, menores e, por isso, desempenha papel fundamental na performance da economia brasileira. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos socioeconômicos e produtivos, além do perfil ambiental dos produtores do Núcleo de Produção Agrícola III Boa Sorte, localizado no município de Araguatins (TO), bem como as práticas e sistemas de produção realizados nesta comunidade. A metodologia desenvolvida envolveu pesquisa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, além de pesquisa de campo e bibliográfica, realizada com 27 chefes de família. A coleta de dados foi feita através da aplicação de questionário que contemplou perguntas objetivas sobre o perfil socioeconômico e ambiental dos produtores. Com esse estudo concluiu-se que os produtores rurais do Núcleo de Produção Agrícola III Boa Sorte desempenham suas atividades tal como a maior parte dos agricultores familiares brasileiros, principalmente para subsistência, mas reconhecem haver possibilidades para a melhoria dos sistemas produtivos e das práticas de preservação ambiental, na medida que pudessem contar com assistência técnica especializada adequada às suas necessidades.
Knowing the gap: medication use, adherence and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension in Indonesian primary care settings
Authors: Setiadi Adji Prayitno , Febriandini Anita , Trinanda Eltia , Aryaguna Wiweka , Chusna Irene Mutho’atin , Nurlaili Yulia , Sunderland Bruce , Wibowo Yosi Irawati 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundHypertension is a major risk factor for global disease burden, however, little is known regarding the profiles of patients with hypertension in Indonesian primary care settings.ObjectiveThis study aimed to profile medication use, adherence to medications and lifestyle modifications as well as blood pressure control among patients with hypertension in Indonesian primary health centres (PHCs).MethodsA cross-sectional study design used a structured data collection tool (questionnaire and checklist). Patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of hypertension, and prescribed an antihypertensive medication, and attending follow-up visits in the five PHCs in Surabaya, Indonesia, during a two-week study period (May–October 2019) were included. Descriptive analyses summarised the data, while binary logistic regression provided any independent associations between adherence profiles and blood pressure control.ResultsOf 457 eligible patients, 276 patients consented: PHC A (n = 50/91), PHC B (n = 65/116), PHC C (n = 47/61), PHC D (n = 60/88), PHC E (n = 54/101), giving an overall response rate of 60.4%. Patients were mainly treated with a single antihypertensive medication,i.e., amlodipine (89.1%), and many had not achieved blood pressure targets (68.1%). A majority reported notable levels of non-adherence to medication (low/intermediate, 65.2%) and poor healthy lifestyle behaviours, particularly physical activity (inadequate, 87.7%) and discretionary salt use (regularly, 50.4%). Significant associations were found between low medication adherence, discretionary salt use and smoking, with blood pressure control.ConclusionsThe study findings provide the evidence needed to improve the current level of sub-optimal blood pressure management among patients with hypertension in these Indonesian primary care settings. Particular emphasis should be placed on antihypertensive medication adherence and healthy lifestyle behaviours through locally tailored hypertension-related interventions.
A longitudinal study of risk factors associated with white spot disease occurrence in marine shrimp farming in Rayong, Thailand
Authors: Yaemkasem Sompit , Boonyawiwat Visanu , Sukmak Manakorn , Thongratsakul Sukanya , Poolkhet Chaithep 
Published: March 2022

Background
A longitudinal study was conducted to analyze farm characteristics, farm practices, and biosecurity measures that influenced the occurrence of white spot disease (WSD) in shrimp farming in Rayong, Thailand.

Methods
Data were collected using a structured interview schedule administered between October 2017 and September 2019. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to identify risk factors. From the 270 responses, 86 possible risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
We found that 17 possible risk factors were statistically significant with an alpha level of 1% and associated with WSD status. In the final model, multivariate analysis found that two independent variables were statistically significant. First, the absence of inclement weather during ponding was a statistically significant factor associated with WSD occurrence and it prevented WSD occurrence as the odds ratio (OR) was <1 (OR = 0.196, P = 1.3 × 10−5). Second, the separation of ponds into three specific types (cultured, water treatment, and pond for water reservoir) was significantly associated with WSD occurrence. Likewise, the presence of this ponding system was a protective factor against WSD (OR = 0.0828, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this study offer a reference for farmers and relevant authorities when addressing WSD occurrence in shrimp farming. In addition, our results can help relevant authorities in controlling WSD in other endemic areas.
Acute kidney injury-attributable mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Weng Jie , Yang Jinwen , Zhou Xiaoming , Xu Zhe , Hou Ruonan , Zhou Zhiliang , Wang Liang , Chen Chan , Jin Shengwei 
Published: March 2022

Background
To assess whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with hospital mortality in ICU patients with sepsis, and estimate the excess AKI-related mortality attributable to AKI.

Methods
We analyzed adult patients from two distinct retrospective critically ill cohorts: (1) Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC IV; n = 15,610) cohort and (2) Wenzhou (n = 1,341) cohort. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We applied multivariate logistic and linear regression models to assess the hospital and ICU mortality, hospital length-of-stay (LOS), and ICU LOS. The excess attributable mortality for AKI in ICU patients with sepsis was further evaluated.

Results
AKI occurred in 5,225 subjects in the MIMIC IV cohort (33.5%) and 494 in the Wenzhou cohort (36.8%). Each stage of AKI was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality in multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for baseline illness severity. The excess attributable mortality for AKI was 58.6% (95% CI [46.8%–70.3%]) in MIMIC IV and 44.6% (95% CI [12.7%–76.4%]) in Wenzhou. Additionally, AKI was independently associated with increased ICU mortality, hospital LOS, and ICU LOS.

Conclusion
Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for hospital and ICU mortality, as well as hospital and ICU LOS in critically ill patients with sepsis. Thus, AKI is associated with excess attributable mortality.
The Correlation between Parenting Styles and Learning Disciplines of Cadets in Merchant Marine Polytechnic of West Sumatra During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saransi Faisal , Erlinda Nelfi , Fauziah Roselia Dan 
Published: March 2022

The parenting styles could affect children’s behavior, one of them are the learning discipline of children. Based on the observations done by the writers in, there were several cadets who were not discipline in following teaching and learning process during the covid-19 pandemic which was assumed due to different parenting styles. Therefore, this study aims to find the correlation between parenting practice and the learning discipline of cadets in batch IV and V in Merchant Marine Polytechnic of West Sumatra during the Covid-19 pandemic. The result data shows there is a significant correlation between the parenting styles and the discipline level of cadets in batch IV and V in the even semester of 2020/2021. The analysis data results tcount = 2,48 and ttable. at a significant level of 5% of 1.66.
Fiscal Policy Measures and Investment Decisions in Nigeria (1995 – 2019)
Authors: C. Otiwu Kingsley 
Published: March 2022

This paper examined the extent to which fiscal policy measures could effectively be used to promote investment decision in Nigeria. The data employed covered the period of 1995 to 2019 which include fiscal measures such as capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure, value added tax and investment. In performing the empirical analysis, econometric techniques such as auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL), unit root, Granger Causality test and bound test were applied on the data to produce acceptable results. The results from the analysis revealed that capital expenditure is positive and significant while recurrent expenditure and value added tax are insignificant to investment growth in the economy. Based on our results, we conclude that more priority should be place on capital expenditure in the country for it will stimulate investment growth respectively.