bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical study to evaluate recurrence of pterygium after primary surgery and its management
Authors: Khandelwal Divya , Walia Shweta , Kori Neetu , Bhaisare Vijay , Rawat Preeti , Gautam Manushree 
Published: March 2022

Recurrence is a significant problem after pterygium excision. Therefore in this study its risk factors and management is discussed. This study was conducted to observe recurrence after conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU) & to evaluate different factors related with recurrence of pterygium and assessing its different management methods. Hundred & seven patients with primary pterygium were examined, excised by CLAU and histopathology sample sent. The outcomes were assessed in terms of clinically significant recurrence till 6 months follow-up. Early topical mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.02% QID for a week was given to avoid resurgence of clinically significant pterygium, however if developed then excised by CLAU (if &#60;4mm) or AMG (Amniotic membrane grafting) (if &#62; 4mm). Out of total cases, 57% were females. Histopathology findings includeEpithelial Hyperplasia (80.4%), vascularity overwhelms fibrosis (39.1%), vascularity similar to fibrosis (28.3%), fibrosis overwhelms vascularity (34.8%), perivascular stromal inflammation (54.3%), diffuse stromal inflammation (37.0%). The following variables were significantly associated (p&#60;0.05) with the recurrence: age, redness & thickness, higher vascularity, diffuse inflammation. Factors such as younger age group, higher redness and thickness of pterygium, more vascularity, and diffuse inflammation on histopathological examination can be considered as a risk factor for recurrence. However, occupation, location, and type of pterygium were found not to be related to recurrence. Although no clinically significant recurrence was seen after mitomycin c eyedrops, but no significant correlation can be made. Young patients having pre-operative features like red and fleshy pterygium, along with vascularity more than fibrosis and diffuse inflammation on histopathological examination should be followed strictly and managed intensely.
Current scenario of ocular morbidity in severe acute childhood malnutrition in central part of India
Authors: Raichandani Divya , Kumar Kavita , Dubey Aditi , Morskole Sheetal , Tyagi Shreya 
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of ocular involvement in children 6 months to 5 years attending tertiary care centre with Severe Acute Malnutrition and to detect the associated risk factors for ocular morbidity in severe acute malnutrition.: This hospital based observational study was carried out at Gandhi Medical College, during the study period of 2 years on children diagnosed with SAM belonging to 6 months to 5 years of age. Detailed history was obtained and physical, systemic and ocular examination was done. : A total of 100 severe acute malnourished children were included. Prevalence of ocular involvement in severe acute malnourished children was 72%. Conjunctival pallor was observed in 71.5% eyes and retinal hemorrhages were most common posterior segment finding. Vitamin A deficiency signs were observed in 17 eyes (8.5%). Higher birth order and number of sibling was significantly associated with higher incidence of ocular manifestations (p&#60;0.05). However, other variables showed no significant association between other variables and ocular manifestations (p&#62;0.05). Training should be given to health workers at the primary health care level and health centers on counseling mothers on feeding, growth monitoring, the preventable eye blinding diseases and hygiene during the vaccination sessions and early referral of children with eye signs to hospitals. Also education of couple regarding proper nutrition of mother and child should be encouraged and couples should be insisted to have not more than two children.
A study of orbital mucormycosis cases at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Phalke Snehal , Pande Arundhati 
Published: March 2022

The aims of this study was to identify demographic data risk factors for the disease, clinical presentation and treatment outcome of patients having COVID-19 related mucormycosis. This was a prospective, interventional study done in a tertiary hospital carried out from May 2021 to July 2021.With 40 patients under study, the mean age of patients was 52.4 years. The incidence was more in males (80%) than in females. 95% patient had history of COVID-19. In these patient, the treatment of COVID-19 received were either Steroids (92%), O2 therapy (57.5%) or had an ICU stay (37.5%). T2DM was present in 62.5% while T1DM in 2.5%. These patients mainly received intravenous amphotericin-b (92.5%) along with syrup posaconazole as medical management. functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was done in all the patients while maxillary debridement or maxillectomy was done in 42.5% patients. In ophthalmic conservative line of management 37.5% received transcutaneous retrobulbar amphotericin B (TRAMB). 10% patients underwent exenteration who presented in later stages of the disease. Inspite of all the interventions, 22.5% succumbed due to low health conditions.Corticosteroids followed by DM were the commonest pre-disposing factor for COVID-19 related mucormycosis. Early FESS and timely TRAMB reduced the spread of the disease and conserved vision respectively.
Microbial corrosion of orthodontic wires
Authors: Sharma Vipul Kumar , Yadav Gitanjali , Chaturvedi TP , Upadhyay SN , Tilak Ragini 
Published: March 2022

To evaluate microbial corrosion by weight loss, microbial corrosion and elemental analysis of NiTi and stainless wires after period of 2 months in streptococcus mutans containing media. Percentage change in weight after 2 months is 1.7% and 0.8% in NiTi & SS respectively. Elemental analysis of NiTi wire in streptococcus containing media showed decrease in Ni by 2.9% by weight and Ti decreased 3.07% by weight due to leaching of Ni and Ti from the surface of wires. In stainless steel wire, there was decrease in Fe by 8.82% and Cr 1.39% by weight. Significant microbial corrosion was observed in NiTi wires as compared with SS wires may be attributed to the surface roughness of NiTi wires. However, the role of biofilm is dual and remained controversial due to being protective and corrosive.
Assessment of inflammatory status of peri-implant soft tissue around functionally loaded immediate implants placed in periodontally compromised tooth extraction sockets
Authors: Elizabeth Kuruvilla , Biniraj K R , Rishi Emmatty , Tony Paul P , Priya Jose , Divyasree K A 
Published: March 2022

The present study was aimed at assessment of the soft tissue condition around immediate implants used to replace periodontally compromised mandibular anterior teeth.A longitudinal study was conducted on 17 functionally loaded immediate implants placed in periodontally compromised sockets at mandibular anterior region. Clinical and biochemical assessment of inflammatory status of peri-implant mucosa were recorded at 2 week, 6and 12-month intervals after loading. Clinical parameters included modified Plaque Index (mPI), modified Bleeding Index (mBI), marginal soft tissue level (ML), Papilla Index (PI) and width of attached mucosa (AM). Biochemical parameter was the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PCF).Inter-comparison of observations were statistically analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The mean mPI score was 0.71, 0.41 and 0.53 at three intervals (p=0.354) indicating moderate score. The mean mBI was1.06, 0.35 and 0.29 at various intervals (p=0.000), pointing reduced bleeding tendency. Throughout the study, 70.588% of sites had positive ML, suggesting soft tissue stability. Mean PI scores were 1.71, 2.06 and 2.65 and for AM were 2.41, 2.41 and 2.94 respectively at the three intervals, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.000 for both. The mean AST level in PCF was 1876.47 μIU, 1729.41 μIU and 2117.65 μIU (p=0.431), pointing no increase in inflammation.Considering the results obtained, implants under study exhibited no major inflammatory changes in the soft tissue, during the study period.
Tetracycline fiber: A drug in your pocket
Authors: Maurya Dilip Kumar , Pant Vandana A , Aamir Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Periodontal disease is a broad phrase that refers to a variety of diseases that damage the tooth: Different mechanisms and ways to medication release in the periodontal pocket are used in local drug delivery. Such technologies deliver the medicine directly into the periodontal pocket and provide up to 11 days of continuous release.: This study exhibited that albeit careful SRP is a successful therapy technique for disposal of chronic periodontal pockets, further developed outcomes can be acquired by adjunctive utilization of locally controlled antibiotic medication tetracycline fibres and others such products.
Divine Causation and Analogy
Authors: Helm Paul 
Published: March 2022

Quentin Smith’s idea is that God being the originating cause of the universe is logically inconsistent with all extant definitions of causation, and thus logically impossible. Thus, for example the God of the Philosophers couldn’t have created the Universe, not even in both its senses, in both literal and analogical senses. The thesis is advanced by accounts of the usual views of “cause”. It is maintained these is successful. Such I shall then offer an account of divine causation of my own, and thus attempt to argue that Smith has not shown that the relation that God has to the universe is not a causal relation. Such as a Humean or that of David Lewis sense and of the “singularist” view of C. J. Ducasse would fail the analogical. And Malebranche’s “occasionalism” is surely an exception. If we turn to the other kind then it seems to be a case of “if the data are analogical-in, then the data will be that too”. Finally, it is argued that it is more productive to consider particular individual theistic powers and perfections, for these are mongrels which literality and of analogy are compounded.
W stronę socjologicznego ujęcia etyki badań naukowych
Authors: Rancew-Sikora Dorota , Cymbrowski Borys 
Published: March 2022

Zgodnie z tezą, że kompetencje etyczne stanowią ważną cechę kompetencji merytorycznych badaczy terenowych, a doświadczane przez nich dylematy etyczne mają charakter dylematów metodologiczno-teoretycznych, autorzy artykułu naświetlają problem połączenia refleksji etycznej z paradygmatem socjologii jakościowej. Argumentują, że wydzielenie jej jako specjalności normatywnej i filozoficznej, która dominuje w kodeksach etycznych, niesie ze sobą zagrożenie traktowania jej w inny sposób niż pozostałe zagadnienia obecne w socjologicznych badaniach i refleksjach oraz może prowadzić do istotnej straty poznawczej.
Autorzy podkreślają możliwość i potrzebę rozwijania etyki badań w paradygmacie socjologii jakościowej, poszukując inspiracji u źródeł socjologii: u Webera, Durkheima i w szkole chicagowskiej. Krytycznie odnoszą się do nadziei, że tworzenie kodeksów etycznych jest skutecznym sposobem samoregulacji środowisk naukowych, wskazując na znaczenie specyficznych historycznych, społecznych i językowych kontekstów ich tworzenia oraz osadzenie ich w normatywnej wizji życia społecznego, która nie jest zgodna z duchem socjologii interpretatywnej. W konsekwencji opowiadają się za ujmowaniem zagadnień etycznych podkreślających podmiotowość, sytuacyjność, procesualność i komunikacyjny charakter zarówno działań badaczy w terenie, jak i działań instytucji akademickich w tym zakresie.
“Quando eu lembro da massa da mandioca”
Authors: Santos Marisa Oliveira , Alves Ana Elizabeth Santos 
Published: March 2022

Os saberes do trabalho são construtos sociais, que nascem do processo educacional entre homem e natureza, na reprodução ampliada da vida. No desenvolvimento dos estudos acerca das memórias do trabalho familiar em casas de farinha, pesquisaram-se as importantes contribuições indígenas no cultivo da mandioca e na produção dos seus derivados na história do Brasil. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivos: apresentar o demarco de um recorte histórico da aproximação dos europeus com os saberes da produção com a mandioca – produção e produtos –, que não somente precintariam um marco da adaptação alimentar dos até então “visitantes”, mas também forjariam o interesse de exploração do tubérculo; e, ao mesmo tempo, analisar a desarticulação da primeira base de trabalho familiar e a troca de saberes sociais, os do trabalho indígena, compreendidos como rastros das primeiras casas de farinha existentes no país. Os fundamentos teóricos de Cascudo (1983; 2004); Pedroza (2014); Algranti (1997); Rodrigues (2012), entre outros, respaldaram a discussão preterida. Ao término das contribuições, verificou-se que os interesses mercantis, embora se aproximem dos saberes sociais pelas vias capitalistas, nem sempre conseguem anulá-los integralmente, pois subsistem na processualidade histórica por meio da resistência no saber-fazer e nos modos de vida de homens e mulheres do campo, perceptíveis nas casas de farinha dos dias atuais.
Guest Editorial: Will the Omicron Variant Lead to the Collapse of Oil Prices?
Authors: Nibbelink Mark 
Published: March 2022

With the Omicron variant continuing to spread around the world, will a drop in oil prices follow? Maybe, but probably only in the short term.
Equity markets tanked Friday, 26 November 2021, on fears that the Omicron variant, first identified in South Africa, would sharply impact worldwide economic output. The nearly 1,000-point loss in the Dow wiped nearly $90 billion of value in Dow equities. Oil prices were particularly hit hard, dropping nearly 10% from Thursday’s close.
That drop, however, was minor compared to what happened to prices in early 2020, when at the end of April oil prices had dropped nearly 70% in value. This was frightening and was a combined pessimistic response to fears of demand destruction due to the coronavirus and the price war initiated by OPEC and Russia to counter rising production from US shale oil producers.
As a world economy, we had not faced a major health crisis since 2014 when Ebola fears gripped the world and in 2009 when H1N1 flu sickened 60.8 million and killed 12,469 in the US, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
If we go back to the 1918 Spanish flu, Fig. 1 shows the gross US demographic impact of these pandemics.
The 1918 Spanish flu infected about 28% of the US population but did not impact oil prices to any great degree. COVID-19 has infected about 15% of our fellow citizens but has caused nearly 125,000 more deaths because our population is about three times larger than it was in 1918.
In our current COVID-19 pandemic, images of first responders desperately improvising to save lives, stories of grief-stricken children, and partners forced to provide remote comfort to isolated and suffering elders tested our confidence that there would ever be a “normal” American life in the future.

How Did Oil Markets React?
The pre-COVID price of oil (CLF) in late 2019 dropped by 73% to its low in April 2020. Fears of demand destruction due to COVID dropped the price from $63/bbl to around $40/bbl—a 36% drop (Fig. 2).
Price pressure was further exacerbated by OPEC’s price war with Russia, with OPEC increasing its output by a factor of four during a short window going into and lasting through April 2020. This dropped the price of oil another 40–50%.
Once OPEC ended its price war, the baseline price of oil was around $40/bbl.
When Moderna and Pfizer announced their vaccines, and the CDC authorized their emergency use, prices recovered until late July 2021 when the US entered its third wave of increasing case counts and rising death counts.
Robo-Labs, Mysterious Bakken Scale, and New Nano-Detectors All Highlight the Innovative Thinking in Oilfield Chemistry
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: March 2022

When you think about robots in the oil and gas industry today, the first images that might come to mind are drones, automated drilling rigs, or maybe a robotic inspection dog called Spot.
Next time, you may think about robots that toil around the clock to create a chemical package destined for an oil well or pipeline. That’s not the future but the new reality inside the laboratories at Clariant Oil Services in The Woodlands, Texas.
The recent adoption of lab robotics was the focus of one of the published technical papers from the 2021 International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry held in November in the Houston area.
Two other papers presented at the conference also helped highlight the innovative thinking that is shaping the industry’s chemical sector.
Authors from ChampionX and Hess Corp. shared their apparently successful attempt to unravel a “mysterious case of severe Bakken brine incompatibility.” The problem addressed in their paper was severe enough to force hundreds of Bakken wells to temporarily shut in over the past 3 years.
Another paper from Baker Hughes addressed the more widely shared problem of knowing when to add production chemicals to a well and the quantity of those chemicals.
The common thread between each of these new papers is that they address some aspect of the industry’s complications with corrosion inhibitors.
Talos Eyes Big Carbon Capture Role in the US and Beyond
Authors: Wright Blake 
Published: March 2022

The energy transition momentum currently sweeping through the oil patch has prompted corporate rebranding, heightened investment in renewables and a genuine sense of responsibility over the amount of harmful gases that industries release into the air. Beyond emission reductions, carbon capture and storage (CCS), viewed as a novelty by some just a few short decades ago, has leaped to the forefront of greenhouse-gas management solutions, with big players committing big money to projects aimed at ensnaring, transporting, and burying the waste deep underground.
Last April, ExxonMobil unveiled plans for a $100-billion CCS hub for the Port of Houston. Dubbed the CCS Innovation Zone, it is expected to be a public-private partnership that will attract participation and funding from companies and government entities. In September, the supermajor went on a buying spree in the shallow-water US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) as part of federal Lease Sale 257. It was the apparent high bidder on 94 tracts to the tune of just under $15 million. While these are presently structured as hydrocarbon leases and the company has kept mum on its motivations, the move was almost certainly to gain access to coast acreage that could potentially serve as subsurface storage locations for the proposed Houston hub.
Following the lease sale, Spanish operator Repsol said it had partnered with US independent Cox Oil to jointly explore CCS opportunities on the private operator’s shallow-water GOM acreage. Under the terms of the agreement, the consortium will share technical knowledge and resources to evaluate potential projects that would combine the offshore expertise and operations of Cox Oil with Repsol’s technical knowledge and global experience with CCS projects.
Then there is Talos Energy. The Houston-based independent has jumped feet first into the CCS pool, announcing a pair of US-based projects with designs on making carbon capture a steady revenue contributor over the coming years.
Early in 2021, the company evaluated various green businesses where it could make a difference—and a dollar—including carbon capture, but also wind and wave energy. At that time, CCS was more of a peripheral discussion, but as the company took a closer look it became apparent that its skill set and investment profile lined up best with a role in carbon capture. By April, the company was presented with the opportunity to propose a CCS solution solicited by the State of Texas’ General Land Office (GLO).
Case Study: Drill-Cuttings Treatment Alternatives—A Comparative Emissions Assessment
Authors: Innes Gareth , Eia Jan Thore , Nesse Steinar 
Published: March 2022

The offshore oil and gas industry has always been cognizant of its impact on the marine environment. The choices that operators make in how they operate, including the disposal of drill cuttings, must address an increasing number of environmental and climate targets in addition to those related to health, safety, and cost. As a typical well will produce approximately 1000 metric tons of oil-based drill cuttings, quantifying greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions associated with the disposal and treatment of drill cuttings has become an essential step to achieving net-zero ambitions.
Since 1991 (1993 for fields in production), strict regulations relating to the discharge of oil-based drill cuttings have been in force under the OSPAR (Oslo/Paris) Convention. Those regulations banned the practice of discharge to sea of untreated oil-based drill cuttings and led to a situation where they were generally shipped to shore for treatment and disposal.
In 2020, TWMA engaged DNV, the independent energy expert and assurance provider, to undertake a comparative study between the company’s offshore thermal drill-cuttings treatment solution and conventional alternatives including “skip and ship,” bulk transfer, and cuttings reinjection (CRI) used on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). It is the first paper to show a direct emissions comparison between offshore processing and alternative methods implemented.
The study assessed the carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) emissions for each of the different alternatives. The values were then used to create an interactive emissions calculator that can easily be applied to specific projects to clarify the actual potential for emissions reduction within the drilling waste management process.

Background
Technological improvements, as well as cost focus on existing solutions, have meant that offshore thermal drill-cuttings treatment has been widely adopted in many offshore basins as one of the safest and most cost-effective approaches. In Norway, which was the subject of the study, adoption of the technology has been slower than in other countries, with onshore thermal treatment of oil-based cuttings applied as the predominant technique, while some fields use offshore slurrification and injection into dedicated disposal wells.
However, the cost of drilling new disposal wells and the track record of successful offshore thermal projects in other countries have improved the frame conditions for the use of offshore thermal treatment of cuttings on the NCS. It has also been demonstrated, in an earlier independent comparative study by Carbon Zero (SPE 207519), that the carbon footprint of skip and ship to shore of drill cuttings is 53% higher than that of drill-cuttings treatment at the wellsite (SPE 202639).