bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of knowledge management in the public sector: evidence from the King Abdullah Award for Excellence in Jordan
Authors: Aladwan Shaker A. , AL-Yakoub Tamara A. , Adaileh Ali M. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to undertake an exploration of the challenges related to knowledge management (KM) within public sector organisations in Jordan.Design/methodology/approachThere was the adoption of a qualitative method to achieve the objective of the study, with content analysis undertaken on ten assessment reports, so the results of the content analysis could be validated. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted within the sample organisations. The sample was made up of ten public sector organisations that had participated at least twice within the King Abdullah Excellence Award with acknowledgement within their reports of failure to achieve results that were satisfactory for KM.FindingsKM challenges identified reflect various aspects of different factors, such as organisational structure, culture, KM processes and the evaluation of KM. In practical terms, the main KM-related challenges for the Jordanian public sector are considered to be a lack of a culture of teamwork to support sharing and exchange of knowledge, lack of required documentation for the building of organisational memory needed for processes of KM, lack of training for KM, lack of clear vision and strategy for KM and lack of proper methodologies for the management of internal knowledge and weaknesses in the integration of information and data.Originality/valueThe study puts forward a conceptual model that can be used in assessing the challenges that managers face when they seek to implement KM in organisations within the public sector. The challenges of KM within the public sector have been studied widely, in general; however there is an importance to gaining better understanding of how to overcome those challenges. Compared with most of the existent studies, this particular research has offered detailed, specific insights into challenges for KM within the public sector, along with provision of a conceptual model that other researchers could use in the future.
The enemy of my enemy is my friend: Consumption of parasite infectious stages benefits hosts and predators depending on transmission mode
Authors: Koprivnikar Janet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch Highlight: Hobart, B. K., Moss, W. E., McDevitt‐Galles, T., Stewart Merrill, T. E., Johnson, P. T. J. (2021). It's a worm‐eat‐worm world: Consumption of parasite free‐living stages protects hosts and benefits predators. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13591 Many parasites and pathogens have infectious stages that are vulnerable to consumption by non‐host organisms. This consumption can benefit both the predators that consume this unusual food resource and the hosts which are less likely to encounter infectious propagules. Yet the importance of these benefits may also depend on parasite transmission, which can influence consumer opportunities to feed upon free‐living infectious stages. Hobart et al. (2021) report that freshwater snails with high densities of symbiotic oligochaetes are less likely to be parasitized by trematodes (Platyhelminthes) with an ‘active’ versus ‘passive’ (motile or stationary, respectively) mode of transmission, supporting a protective effect via oligochaete predation upon infectious propagules. However, these predators benefit from snails harbouring passively acquired infections, and likely achieve their higher abundance from easy access to prey in the form of a second infectious stage emerging from these hosts. Consumption of free‐living infectious stages is thus beneficial to hosts and predators, but varies with parasite life history and ecology.
Cervical cancer and COVID—an assessment of the initial effect of the pandemic and subsequent projection of impact for women in England: A cohort study
Authors: Davies Jennifer M. , Spencer Alice , Macdonald Sian , Dobson Lucy , Haydock Emily , Burton Holly , Angelopoulos Georgios , Martin‐Hirsch Pierre , Wood Nick J. , Thangavelu Amudha , Hutson Richard , Munot Sarika , Flynn Marina , Smith Michael , DeCruze Bridget , Myriokefalitaki Eva , Sap Katelijn , Winter‐Roach Brett , Macdonald Robert , Edmondson Richard J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the diagnosis of cervical cancer and model the impact on workload over the next 3 years.DesignA retrospective, control, cohort study.SettingSix cancer centres in the North of England representing a combined population of 11.5 million.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for all diagnoses of cervical cancer during May–October 2019 (Pre‐COVID cohort) and May–October 2020 (COVID cohort). Data were used to generate tools to forecast case numbers for the next 3 years.Main outcome measuresHistology, stage, presentation, onset of symptoms, investigation and type of treatment. Patients with recurrent disease were excluded.Results406 patients were registered across the study periods; 233 in 2019 and 173 in 2020, representing a 25.7% (n = 60) reduction in absolute numbers of diagnoses. This was accounted for by a reduction in the number of low stage cases (104 in 2019 to 77 in 2020). Adding these data to the additional cases associated with a temporary cessation in screening during the pandemic allowed development of forecasts, suggesting that over the next 3 years there would be 586, 228 and 105 extra cases of local, regional and distant disease, respectively, throughout England. Projection tools suggest that increasing surgical capacity by two or three cases per month per centre would eradicate this excess by 12 months and 7 months, respectively.ConclusionsThere is likely to be a significant increase in cervical cancer cases presenting over the next 3 years. Increased surgical capacity could mitigate this with little increase in morbidity or mortality.Tweetable AbstractCovid will result in 919 extra cases of cervical cancer in England alone. Effects can be mitigated by increasing surgical capacity.
Temporal trends in the epidemiology, management, and outcome of sepsis—A nationwide observational study
Authors: Vesteinsdottir Edda , Sigurdsson Martin Ingi , Gottfredsson Magnus , Blondal Asbjorn , Karason Sigurbergur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegistry‐based studies have shown increasing incidence of sepsis and declining mortality rates in recent years, but are inherently at risk of bias. The objectives of this study were to describe 11‐year trends in the incidence, treatment and outcome of sepsis using clinical criteria with chart review.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study. All adult admissions to Icelandic ICUs during years 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 were screened for severe sepsis or septic shock by ACCP/SCCM criteria (sepsis‐2). Incidence, patient characteristics, treatment and outcome were compared across the study years.ResultsDuring the six study years, 9166 patients were admitted to Icelandic ICUs, 971 (10.6%) because of severe sepsis or septic shock. The crude incidence of sepsis requiring admission to ICU remained stable between 0.55 and 0.75 per 1000 inhabitants. No statistically significant trends were observed over time in median patient age (67 years), APACHE II score (21), SOFA score (8) or Charlson Comorbidity Index (4). The time to antibiotic administration (median 1.8 h) in the emergency departments was stable over the study period but the time to lactate measurements decreased from 4.1 h in 2006 to 1.2 h in 2016, p < .001. The 28‐day mortality was 25% and 1‐year mortality 41%, both with no observed change with time.ConclusionsIn a nationwide cohort, diagnosed with clinical criteria, the incidence of sepsis requiring intensive care did not change over an 11‐year period. Mortality remained stable and only minimal changes were observed in initial resuscitation in the emergency departments.
Phase 2, randomized multi oral immunotherapy with omalizumab ‘real life’ study
Authors: Sindher Sayantani B. , Kumar Divya , Cao Shu , Purington Natasha , Long Andrew , Sampath Vanitha , Zedeck Stacey S. , Woch Margaret A. , Garcia‐Lloret Maria , Chinthrajah Rebecca Sharon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral immunotherapy (OIT) is frequently discontinued due to adverse events (AEs) and current data suggests that lowering OIT doses can minimize severity and frequency of AEs. However, the minimum daily dose that can enable desensitization and induce immune responses in multi‐food OIT (mOIT) is unknown.MethodsParticipants aged 2–25 years with multi‐food allergies were pretreated with fixed‐dose omalizumab (150 mg, 3 doses, every 4 weeks), and randomized 1:1 to receive mOIT to a total maintenance dose of either 300 or 1200 mg total protein, (total dose includes at least two and up to a max of five allergens) and then transitioned to real‐food protein equivalents after 18 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with increases in IgG4/IgE ratio of at least 2 allergens by ≥25% from baseline after 18 weeks of therapy. The primary efficacy and safety analyses were done in the intention‐to‐treat population.ResultsSixty participants were enrolled across two sites. Seventy percent of participants in both arms showed changes in sIgG4/sIgE ratio in at least 2 allergens with no difference between the treatment groups (OR [95% CI] = 1.00 [0.29, 3.49]). Overall, there were no differences in AEs between the 300 and 1200 mg groups (19% vs. 17%, p = .69), respectively.ConclusionsOur data suggest that plasma marker changes are induced early, even at a total protein dose of 300 mg inclusive of multiple allergens when mOIT is combined with fixed‐dose omalizumab. Identification of optimal mOIT dosing with adjunct omalizumab is needed for the long‐term success of OIT.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03181009).
Long term efficacy of Video‐Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) for complex fistula‐in‐ano: a single‐centre Australian experience
Authors: Hinksman Mat , Naidu Sanjeev , Loon Kenneth , Grundy Joshua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVideo‐Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) is a novel minimally invasive & sphincter‐saving technique for treating complex fistula‐in‐ano involving endoscopic assessment & treatment of perianal fistula. This retrospective, non‐randomized, observational study is the first Australian study of VAAFT. It is also the longest study of VAAFT to‐date.MethodsFrom January 2014 to September 2019, 59 patients with a complex anal fistula were identified via MRI & underwent VAAFT. Fourteen patients had undergone previous definitive surgery for anal fistula. Specialized Karl Storz video equipment (fistuloscope) was used in the procedure. The rigid fistuloscope was used to directly visualize the fistula tract/s & internal opening. Closure of the internal opening was then performed. The fistula tract/s were then treated via fulguration. The external opening was kept patent & dressed. Patients were then followed up for a mean 59.5 months.Results67.9% (n = 38) of patients achieved primary healing (needing nil further intervention) at a median of 13 weeks. 12.5% (n = 7) experienced healing followed by recurrence while 19.6% (n = 11) experienced non‐healing. Of the recurrence/non‐healing groups, 11/18 underwent repeat VAAFT with healing occurring in 10/11 patients at a median of 7 weeks. The mean operating time was 41.1 min. There were no major complications & continence scores were not affected. Three patients were lost to follow up.ConclusionVAAFT is both effective & safe for the treatment of complex fistula‐in‐ano. Its minimally invasive nature means that in the instance of recurrence or persistence, VAAFT can be repeated with minimal morbidity & reasonable likelihood of success.
Mobilising Rents: Natural Gas Production Networks and the Landlord State in Peru and Bolivia
Authors: Irarrázaval Felipe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ongoing choreography of extractive industries asks for a deeper appraisal about the processes and scales underpinning resource extraction. This paper unpacks how the assembly between natural gas production networks, extractivist states and local politics is anchored in resource peripheries in Peru and Bolivia through contingent schemes of value distribution. From a critical production network approach, the paper examines the transformation of resource peripheries through the transfer of natural gas rents to sub‐national governments and, more specifically, through investments in public infrastructure. Such investments embed natural gas production networks to local politics through three processes: providing an image of modernisation and progress; coopting local elites through corruption; and mobilising local labour. In conclusion, the articulation between production networks and extractivist states involves an entangled scheme of rent distribution that flows at very local levels and consolidates multi‐scalar arrangements for resource extraction.
Urban Redevelopment, Displacement, and Governmentality in Nanjing’s Historic Inner‐City
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Moore‐Cherry Niamh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHousing‐related urban development has become a core plank of China’s economic policy since the mid‐1990s. Reports of resistance to displacement and resettlement associated with urban restructuring, once widespread, have dissipated since the early‐2010s. Using the framework of governmentality and through qualitative empirical fieldwork in the historic inner‐city of Nanjing, we try to understand the dynamics of this change. This research draws attention to how governments deploy new technologies and rationalities to regroup and push forward urban transformation. We highlight how more “advanced” disciplinary apparatuses both encourage neoliberal subjectivities among displacees and use authoritarian features to maintain the “order of things” in line with the desires of the Chinese state.
Pharmacokinetic characterization of favipiravir in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Gülhan Rezzan , Eryüksel Emel , Gülçebi İdriz Oğlu Medine , Çulpan Yekta , Toplu Aylin , Kocakaya Derya , Tigen Elif , Ertürk Şengel Buket , Sili Uluhan , Olgun Yıldızeli Şehnaz , Balcan Mehmet Baran , Elçi Abdullah , Bulut Cenk , Karaalp Atila , Yananlı Hasan Raci , Güner Abdullah Emre , Hatipoğlu Mustafa , Karakurt Sait , Korten Volkan , Ratnaraj Neville , Patsalos Philip , Ay Pınar , Onat Filiz 
Published: January 2022

This prospective observational study describes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of favipiravir in adult patients hospitalized for mild to moderate COVID‐19 with a positive RT‐PCR test. Favipiravir was administered for 5 days, with a loading dose of 3200 mg and a maintenance dose of 1200 mg/day. Serial blood samples were collected on Day 2 and Day 4 of the therapy. Laboratory findings of the patients (n = 21) and in‐hospital mortality were recorded. Favipiravir concentrations exhibited substantial variability and a significant decrease during the treatment of COVID‐19. The median favipiravir trough concentration (C0‐trough) on Day 2 was 21.26 (interquartile range [IQR], 8.37–30.78) μg/mL, whereas it decreased significantly to 1.61 (IQR, 0.00–6.41) μg/mL on Day 4, the area under the concentration–time curve decreased by 68.5%. Day 2 C0‐trough of female patients was higher than male patients. Our findings indicate that favipiravir concentrations show significant variability during the treatment of COVID‐19 and therapeutic drug monitoring may be necessary to maintain targeted concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of BAY 2433334, a novel activated factor XI inhibitor, in healthy volunteers: A randomized phase 1 multiple‐dose study
Authors: Kubitza Dagmar , Heckmann Michael , Distler Jana , Koechel Annemone , Schwers Stephan , Kanefendt Friederike 
Published: January 2022

AimTo evaluate BAY 2433334, an oral activated factor XI (FXIa) inhibitor, in volunteers.MethodsPhase 1 study of healthy men at a German centre. Part A: randomized, single‐blind, multiple dose‐escalation study of BAY 2433334 (25/50/100 mg once daily [OD]) vs. placebo. Part B: similar design to Part A; evaluated BAY 2433334 25 mg twice daily. Part C: nonrandomized, open‐label study; evaluated potential interactions between BAY 2433334 (25/75 mg OD) and midazolam (7.5 mg), a CYP3A4 index substrate. Primary variables: treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs; Parts A and B); area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration of midazolam and α‐hydroxymidazolam (Part C). Study period: 18 days plus follow‐up visit.ResultsParts A and B: 36 participants randomized to BAY 2433334; 12 to placebo. Part C: 48 participants assigned to BAY 2433334 plus midazolam. BAY 2433334 was well tolerated in all study parts. AUC and maximum plasma concentration of BAY 2433334 in plasma appeared dose proportional over 25–100 mg OD, with low‐to‐moderate variability in pharmacokinetic parameters. Multiple dosing caused minor‐to‐moderate accumulation and a mean terminal half‐life (15.8–17.8 h) supporting once‐daily dosing. Dose‐dependent FXIa activity inhibition and activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation were observed. BAY 2433334 appeared to have a minor effect on AUC for midazolam (ratio [90% confidence interval]: 1.1736 [1.0963–1.2564]) and α‐hydroxymidazolam (0.9864 [0.9169–1.0612]) only for BAY 2433334 75 mg OD on day 10.ConclusionMultiple dosing of BAY 2433334 in healthy volunteers was well tolerated, with a predictable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile and no clinically relevant CYP3A4 induction or inhibition.
Efficacy of fibroblast growth factor 21 in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in guinea pigs
Authors: Klaebel Julie Hviid , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Tveden‐Nyborg Pernille 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) agonists have shown promising effects in preclinical models of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as in short‐term clinical trials in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Comparing drug formulation, dose, administration route and age, this exploratory study investigated effects of FGF21 on NAFLD‐associated measures in a validated guinea pig model. In three separate studies, female guinea pigs received a high‐fat diet prior to intervention with escalating doses of either recombinant native human FGF21 or a human FGF21 human recombinant analogue (FGF21/19 chimer) with an extended half‐life. While no significant effects of native FGF21 on the investigated endpoints were observed, the long‐acting FGF21/19 chimer significantly altered the levels of circulating lipids, increasing plasma concentrations of cholesterol (TC, LDLc and HDLc) in young guinea pigs (p < 0.01 for all three parameters). Relative liver weights were reduced in FGF21/19‐treated young animals (p < 0.05) compared to mature animals, whereas FGF21/19 reduced body weights in both age groups (p < 0.001). The FGF21/19 chimer effects on dyslipidemia, body and liver weights particularly in young animals, support an age‐associated difference in the FGF21 response. The limited effects of the native human FGF21 highlights potential species‐associated differences of this compound.
Forefront studies on human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Authors: Takao Naoki , Yamano Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 can cause human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in some infected individuals. HAM/TSP is a rare progressive neurological disease characterized by spastic spinal paralysis. The developments in previous research have identified many aspects of the disease pathology. However, the disease is rarely cured, and the aims of treatment remain controlling long‐term progression. This study intends to describe the pathophysiology and treatments for HAM/TSP elucidated from recent studies and the HAM/TSP patient registry.
Genogeographic clustering to identify cross‐species concordance of spatial genetic patterns
Authors: Arranz Vanessa , Fewster Rachel M. , Lavery Shane D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimWhile in recent years, there have been considerable advances in discerning spatial genetic patterns within species, the task of identifying common patterns across species is still challenging. Approaches using new data from co‐sampled species permit rigorous statistical analysis but are often limited to a small number of species. Meta‐analyses of published data can encompass a much broader range of species, but are usually restricted by uneven data properties. There is a need for new approaches that bring greater statistical rigour to meta‐analyses and are also able to discern more than a single spatial pattern among species. We propose a new approach for comparative multi‐species meta‐analyses of published population genetic data that address many existing limitations.InnovationThe proposed “genogeographic clustering” technique takes a three‐stage approach: (i) use common genetic metrics to gain location‐specific measures across the sampled range of each species; (ii) for each species, determine the spatial genetic pattern by fitting a smooth “genogeographic” trend curve to the genetic data; and (iii) quantitatively cluster species according to their similarity in spatial pattern. We apply this technique to 21 species of intertidal invertebrates from the New Zealand coastline, to resolve common spatial patterns from disparate profiles of genetic diversity.Main conclusionsThe genogeographic curves are shown to successfully capture the known spatial patterns within each intertidal species and readily permit statistical comparison of those patterns, regardless of sampling and marker inconsistencies. The species clustering technique is shown to discern groups of species that clearly share spatial patterns within groups but differ significantly among groups. Genogeographic species clustering provides a novel approach to discerning multiple common spatial patterns of diversity among a large number of species. It will permit more rigorous comparative studies from diverse published data and can be easily extended to a wide variety of alternative measures of genetic diversity or divergence.
Neural processing of moral content reflects moral identity in 10‐year‐old children
Authors: Pletti Carolina , Decety Jean , Paulus Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMiddle childhood seems to be crucial for the emergence of a moral identity, that is, an evaluative stance of how important it is for someone's sense of self to be moral. This study investigates the effects of moral identity on the neural processing of moral content in 10‐year‐old children. Participants were presented with scenes portraying prosocial and antisocial behavior, while electroencephalographic responses were collected. Analyses of event‐related potentials (ERPs) showed that, for children with a strong moral identity, antisocial scenes elicited a greater early posterior negativity (EPN) as compared to prosocial scenes. Thus, for children with a strong moral identity, antisocial scenes capture more attentional resources than prosocial ones in early processing stages. In contrast to previous findings with adults, the implicit moral self‐concept was not related to any ERP differences. Overall, the results show that, even in its developmental emergence, moral identity relates to the neurocognitive processing of third‐party moral content. Together, the study supports the social‐cognitive model of the development of moral identity, according to which moral identity is based on a chronical activation of moral schemas that guide a person's perception of the social world.