bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Proximal Humerus Fracture
Authors: Kumar Vinoth , Kumar J. Suresh 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Proximal fractures of the humerus account for about 4 to 5% of all fractures. They are the most common fractures in elderly population. Treatment of unstable, displaced, and comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus remains challenging.
Objectives: The present study is undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome of proximal humerus fractures treated by locking compression plate in 3 patients. Materials and methods: Prospective study was done involving 3 adult patients with proximal humerus fractures admitted. Results: In our series, the majority of the patients were 40 to 50 years of age. After reduction and application of PHILOS plating, patient sympatomatically improved after series follow up with physio and mobilization was done Conclusion: In conclusion, securing density plate is anadvantageous implant in proximal humerus fractures due to angular stability, which allows their early mobilization.
Knowledge and Practices Related to Burn First Aid among General Population in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fallatah Ezdehar Bakr , Azam Aishah Nabil , Alhoshan Faisal Musaad , Bugshan Turki Faissal 
Published: April 2022

Background: Burn injuries represent a common type of traumatic injuries. They may cause morbidity, mortality, or psychological and cosmetic problems. About 265 000 individuals die secondary to burns according to the WHO results. Simple first aids following a burn injury have been shown to improve the outcome.
Objectives: Evaluation of first aid knowledge about the management of burns among the general population in Saudi Arabia.
Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that assesses awareness regarding burn injury first aids among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a questionnaire formed of 18 questions about demographic data, burn first aid knowledge and practice. Burn first aid knowledge and practice parts of the survey assessed participants' knowledge regarding basics of burn first aid and when to seek medical assistance.
Results: 70.6% of the sample study has previous knowledge of applying first aid for burns. 62.8% of the sample study think it's wrong to put raw eggs or herbs on the wound. 51.04% of the sample study use honey while 30.73% of them use toothpaste to treat burns. 76.3% of the sample study think that jewelry and clothing should be removed from the affected area of burn.
Conclusion: 70.6% of Saudi population had basic knowledge regarding the first aid of burn, however, there are wrong beliefs about the benefit of using honey, toothpaste, and raw egg in case of burns. Raising awareness of community members about the benefits of first aids for burns is recommended.
Using 4D dose accumulation to calculate organ‐at‐risk dose deviations from motion‐synchronized liver and lung tomotherapy treatments
Authors: Ferris William S. , Chao Edward H. , Smilowitz Jennifer B. , Kimple Randall J. , Bayouth John E. , Culberson Wesley S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTracking systems such as Radixact Synchrony change the planned delivery of radiation during treatment to follow the target. This is typically achieved without considering the location changes of organs at risk (OARs). The goal of this work was to develop a novel 4D dose accumulation framework to quantify OAR dose deviations due to the motion and tracked treatment. The framework obtains deformation information and the target motion pattern from a four‐dimensional computed tomography dataset. The helical tomotherapy treatment plan is split into 10 plans and motion correction is applied separately to the jaw pattern and multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) sinogram for each phase based on the location of the target in each phase. Deformable image registration (DIR) is calculated from each phase to the references phase using a commercial algorithm, and doses are accumulated according to the DIR. The effect of motion synchronization on OAR dose was analyzed for five lung and five liver subjects by comparing planned versus synchrony‐accumulated dose. The motion was compensated by an average of 1.6 cm of jaw sway and by an average of 5.7% of leaf openings modified, indicating that most of the motion compensation was from jaw sway and not MLC changes. OAR dose deviations as large as 19 Gy were observed, and for all 10 cases, dose deviations greater than 7 Gy were observed. Target dose remained relatively constant (D95% within 3 Gy), confirming that motion‐synchronization achieved the goal of maintaining target dose. Dose deviations provided by the framework can be leveraged during the treatment planning process by identifying cases where OAR doses may change significantly from their planned values with respect to the critical constraints. The framework is specific to synchronized helical tomotherapy treatments, but the OAR dose deviations apply to any real‐time tracking technique that does not consider location changes of OARs.
Engineering of Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene Layers: Growth, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Yao Wenqian , Liu Hongtao , Sun Jianzhe , Wu Bin , Liu Yunqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerous studies conducted on the layered graphene family—including the monolayer, bilayer, trilayer, few‐layer, and multilayer—draw plenty of attention to stacking modes and twist angles, which are extensively explored for its controlled growth, properties, and applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges and opportunities for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth, characterization, and electrical properties of graphene depending on the layer number and twist angles. Various state‐of‐the‐art innovations using the CVD method, which incorporates graphene synthesis through the control of metal substrates, layer numbers, and twist angles, are presented. The underlying growth mechanisms are discussed in terms of the interactions among graphene substrates/layers and its dynamic process. The characterization methods for determining the layer number and twist angle of graphene layers are summarized. Furthermore, the electrical properties and applications of graphene, particularly magic‐angle twist bilayer graphene, are briefly introduced. Finally, outlooks and perspectives for the engineering of CVD graphene layers are discussed.
Local Coordination Regulation through Tuning Atomic‐Scale Cavities of Pd Metallene toward Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lin Fangxu , Lv Fan , Zhang Qinghua , Luo Heng , Wang Kai , Zhou Jinhui , Zhang Weiyu , Zhang Wenshu , Wang Dawei , Gu Lin , Guo Shaojun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModerate adsorption of oxygenated intermediates takes a significant role in rational design of high‐efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. Long‐serving as a reliable strategy to tune geometric structure of nanomaterials, defect engineering enjoys the great ability of adjusting the coordination environment of catalytic active sites, which enables dominant regulation of adsorption energy and kinetics of ORR catalysis. However, limited to controllable nanocrystals fabrication, inducing uniformly dispersed high‐coordinated defects into ultrathin 2D nanosheets remains challenging. Herein, atomic‐scale cavities (ASCs) are proposed as a new kind of high‐coordinated active site and successfully introduced into suprathin Pd (111)‐exposed metallene. Due to its atomic concave architecture, leading to elevated CN and moderately downshifted d‐band center, the as‐made Pd metallene with ASCs (c‐Pd M) exhibits excellent ORR performance with mass activity of 2.76 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and half‐wave potential as high as 0.947 V, which is 18.9 (2.7) times higher and 104 (46) mV larger than that of commercial Pt/C (Pd metallene without ASCs). Besides, the durability of c‐Pd M exceeds its commercial counterpart with ≈30% loss after 5000 cycles. This work highlights a new‐style mentality of designing fancy active sites toward efficient ORR electrocatalysis.
Ultrathin‐FeOOH‐Coated MnO2 Sonosensitizers with Boosted Reactive Oxygen Species Yield and Remodeled Tumor Microenvironment for Efficient Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Qiyu , Shi Liyin , Liao Ying , Cao Xianshuo , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Yanxia , Wang Zifan , Lu Xihong , Wang Jianwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) typically suffers from compromised anticancer efficacy owing to the low reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield and complicated tumor microenvironment (TME) which can consume ROS and support the occurrence and development of tumors. Herein, ultrathin‐FeOOH‐coated MnO2 nanospheres (denoted as MO@FHO) as sonosensitizers which can not only facilitate ultrasound (US)‐triggered ROS but also tune the TME by hypoxia alleviation, H2O2 consumption as well as glutathione (GSH) depletion are designed. The FeOOH coating will boost the production yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by inhibiting the recombination of US‐initiated electron–hole pairs and Fenton‐like reaction, respectively. Additionally, the catalase‐like and GSH peroxidase‐like activities of MO@FHO nanospheres enable them to break the TME equilibrium via hypoxia alleviation and GSH depletion. The combination of high ROS yield and fundamental destruction of TME equilibrium results in satisfactory antitumor outcomes, as demonstrated by the high tumor suppression efficacy of MO@FHO on MDA‐MB‐231‐tumor‐bearing mice. No obvious toxicity is detected to normal tissues at therapeutic doses in vivo. The capability to modulate the ROS production and TME simultaneously can afford new probability for the development of advanced sonosensitizers for synergistic comprehensive cancer therapy.
High‐Performance n‐Channel Printed Transistors on Biodegradable Substrate for Transient Electronics
Authors: Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Zumeit Ayoub , Christou Adamos , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInnovative methods to fabricate and integrate biodegradable high‐grade electronics on green substrates are needed for the next generation of robust high‐performance transient electronics. This is also needed to alleviate the growing problem of electronic waste (e‐waste). Herein, the authors present the n‐channel silicon (Si) nanoribbons‐based high‐performance transistors developed on biodegradable metal (magnesium) foils using the direct transfer printing method. The developed transistors present high effective mobility of >600 cm2 V−1 s−1, high on/off current ratio (Ion/off) of >104, negligible hysteresis, transconductance of 0.19 mS, and an on‐current of 1.6 mA at a bias of 2 V. Further, the transistors show stable device performance under temperature stress (5–50 °C), gate‐bias stress, continuous long‐term transfer scans for 24 h (>3000 cycles), and aging test (up to 100 days) demonstrating the excellent potential for futuristic high‐performance robust transient devices and circuits. Finally, the effect of transience on the electrical functioning of devices on Mg foils (at pH 8) and degradation of Mg foils at different pH values is studied by hydrolysis. The outcome from these experiments demonstrates the potential of direct transfer printing for high‐performance transient electronics and also as the new avenue toward zero e‐waste.
Stable Al2O3 Encapsulation of MoS2‐FETs Enabled by CVD Grown h‐BN
Authors: Piacentini Agata , Marian Damiano , Schneider Daniel S. , González Marín Enrique , Wang Zhenyu , Otto Martin , Canto Bárbara , Radenovic Aleksandra , Kis Andras , Fiori Gianluca , Lemme Max C. , Neumaier Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has great potential as a two‐dimensional semiconductor for electronic and optoelectronic application, but its high sensitivity to environmental adsorbents and charge transfer from neighboring dielectrics can lead to device variability and instability. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is widely used as an encapsulation layer in (opto)‐electronics, but it leads to detrimental charge transfer n‐doping to MoS2. Here, this work reports a scalable encapsulation approach for MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) where hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) monolayers are employed as a barrier layer in‐between each of the Al2O3 and MoS2 interfaces. These devices exhibit a significant reduction of charge transfer, when compared to structures without h‐BN. This benefit of h‐BN in the gate stack is confirmed by ab initio density functional theory calculations. In addition, the devices with h‐BN layers show very low hysteresis even under ambient operating conditions.
Highly Selective Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene via Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling through Structural Engineering of the Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Luongo Giancarlo , Donat Felix , Bork Alexander H. , Willinger Elena , Landuyt Annelies , Müller Christoph R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODH) to produce ethylene offers advantages compared to the industry standard steam cracking, but its industrial application is hindered by costly air separation units needed to supply oxygen. A chemical‐looping‐based oxidative dehydrogenation (CL‐ODH) scheme is presented, in which oxygen carriers supply gaseous oxygen in situ, which then reacts with ethane in the presence of a catalyst at a comparatively low temperature (500 °C). A common challenge of chemical looping processes beyond combustion is to suppress the overoxidation of hydrocarbons to COx to enable high product yields. It is demonstrated that the overoxidation of ethane can be eliminated completely through structural engineering of the perovskite oxygen carrier involving alkali‐metal‐based carbonate coatings, while maintaining the materials’ ability to generate oxygen. Through CL‐ODH, higher ethylene selectivity (≈91%) and yields (≈39%) are achieved compared to the conventional ODH scheme without oxygen carrier and cofeeding air/ethane. 18O‐labeling experiments demonstrate that the carbonate layer functions like a diffusion barrier for ethane while being permeable for oxygen. Both the CL‐ODH scheme and the material design strategy can be extended to other catalytic oxidation or dehydrogenation reactions requiring oxygen at different temperatures, offering enormous potential to intensify such processes.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Arylcarboxylation of Enamides with CO2 and Aryl Iodides to Synthesize α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yang Lei , Zhou Chunlin , Fu Lei , Li Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUtilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) via visible‐light photocatalysis is an attractive but challenging research area. Herein, we report a novel strategy of arylcarboxylation of enamides with CO2 and aryl iodides to generate a range of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids via visible‐light photoredox catalysis under mild conditions. This three‐component coupling reaction rapidly delivers valuable α‐amino acids from readily available enamides and aryl iodides, providing a distinct tool for synthetic chemists.
Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Disulfides Using a Continuous Flow Method
Authors: Lo Yung‐Han , Wang Li‐Yu , Duraisamy Tamilselvan , Govindan Karthick , Kandasamy Mohanraj , Lin Wei‐Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study described an efficient synthesis of disulfide from two thiols in a continuous flow reactor, using 1‐chlorobenzotriazole (BtCl) as an oxidant. It has been demonstrated that this method is feasible with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic thiols to produce a corresponding disulfide under mild conditions. Productivity of this process is determined by a high yield, a wide range of functional group compatibility, and the fact that disulfide is readily available in a short timeframe. This method enables the simple synthesis of a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfides.
anti‐Selective Borylstannylation of Alkynes with (o‐Phenylenediaminato)borylstannanes by a Radical Mechanism
Authors: Suzuki Kensuke , Sugihara Naoki , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have achieved the first anti‐borylstannylation of alkynes by using (o‐phenylenediaminato)borylstannanes. This reaction afforded 1‐boryl‐2‐stannylalkenes with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity by a radical mechanism. This anti‐addition manner is in sharp contrast to the syn‐selectivity obtained during transition metal‐catalyzed borylstannylation. The mild radical conditions enabled a broad substrate scope, and various types of aromatic and aliphatic alkynes were applicable. The origin of regio‐ and stereoselectivity was elucidated by DFT calculation of the reaction mechanism. The application of the borylstannylation products to cross‐ or homocoupling reactions provided ready access to either triarylethenes or bisborylbutadienes.
Engineering processive cellulase of Clostridium thermocellum to divulge the role of the carbohydrate‐binding module
Authors: Ahmad Sajjad , Sajjad Muhammad , Altayb Hisham N. , Sarim Imam Syed , Alshehri Sultan , Ghoneim Mohammed M , Shahid Saher , Usman Mirza Muhammad , Shahid Nadeem Muhammad , Kazmi Imran , Waheed Akhtar Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe processive cellulase (CelO) is an important modular enzyme of Clostridium thermocellum. To study the effect of the carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM3b) on the catalytic domain of CelO (GH5), four engineered derivatives of CelO were designed by truncation and terminal fusion of CBM3b. These are CBM at the N‐terminus, native form (CelO‐BC, 62 kDa); catalytic domain only (CelO‐C, 42 kDa); CBM at the C‐terminus (CelO‐CB, 54 kDa) and CBM attached at both termini (CelO‐BCB, 73 kDa). All constructs were cloned into pET22b (+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) star. The expression levels of CelO‐C, CelO‐CB, CelO‐BC, and CelO‐BCB were 35%, 35%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. The enzyme activities of CelO‐C, CelO‐CB, CelO‐BC, and CelO‐BCB against 1% regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) were 860, 758, 985, and 1208 units per μmole of the enzyme, respectively. The enzymes were partially purified from the lysate of E. coli cells by heat treatment followed by anion exchange FPLC purification. Against RAC, CelO‐C, CelO‐CB, CelO‐BC, and CelO‐BCB showed KM values of 32, 33, 45, and 43 mg⋅mL–1 and Vmax values of 3571, 3846, 3571, and 4545 U⋅min–1, respectively. CBM3b at the N‐terminus of GH5 linked through a P/T‐rich linker was found to enhance the catalytic activity and thermostability of the enzyme.
Simple preparation of novel photochromic polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose security barcode incorporated with lanthanide‐doped aluminate for anticounterfeiting applications
Authors: Alfi Alia Abdulaziz , Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. , Alatawi Nada M. , Attar Roba M. S. , Abu Al‐Ola Khulood , Habeebullah Turki M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForgery and low‐quality products pose a danger to society. Therefore, there are increasing demands for the production of easy‐to‐recognize and difficult‐to‐copy anticounterfeiting materials. Products with smart photochromic and fluorescence properties can change colour and emission spectra responding to a light source. In this context, we devised a straightforward preparation of a luminescent polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) nanocomposite to function as a transparent labelling film. The lanthanide‐doped aluminate (LdA) was prepared in the nanoparticle form to indicate diameters of 35–115 nm. Different ratios of the LdA were physically dispersed in the PVA/CMC nanocomposite label film to provide photochromic, ultraviolet protection, antimicrobial activity, and hydrophobic properties. Fluorescence peaks were detected at 365 and 519 nm to indicate a colour change to green. As a result of increasing the phosphor ratio, improved superhydrophobic activity was achieved as the contact angle was increased from 126.1° to 146.0° without affecting the film's original physical and mechanical properties. Both ultraviolet (UV) light protection and antibacterial activity were also investigated. The films showed a quick and reversible photochromic response without fatigue. The current strategy reported the development of a photochromic smart label that is transparent, cost effective, and flexible. As a result, numerous anticounterfeiting products can benefit from the current label for a better market. LdA‐loaded PVA/CMC films demonstrated antibacterial activity between poor, good, very good, and outstanding as the percentage of LdA in the film matrix increased. The current film can be applied as a transparent photochromic security barcode for anticounterfeiting applications and smart packaging.
A novel method for investigating the mechanism of the anti‐rheumatoid arthritis activity of Angelicae pubescentis radix by integrating UHPLC–QTOF/MS and network pharmacology
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Hui , Cao Yunxiang , Zhang Tiantian , Guo Hongyan , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to establish a strategy to elucidate the in vivo constituents of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR, also known as Duhuo) and reveal the probable mechanisms underlying its anti‐rheumatoid arthritis activity. First recorded by Shennong Bencao Jing, APR is mainly used to treat Bi syndrome. Eleven absorbed components of APR were successfully identified using the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rat model and the UHPLC–QTOF/MS technique. Two active ingredients (osthole and columbianadin) and five corresponding targets (PTGS1, PTGS2, RXRA, CCNA2 and ACHE) were found to construct a compound–protein interaction network in RA. In addition, a non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease pathway, which was related to anti‐RA activity, was eventually identified by KEGG analysis. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed by establishing a mixed matrix network, including the absorbed component, corresponding target and signaling pathway with two key compounds (osthole and columbianadin) and two important targets (PTGS2 and PTGS1). The result of molecular docking is in agreement with the network pharmacology.
Improvement of poststroke cognitive impairment by intermittent theta bursts: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Wen , Wen Qian , Xie Yu‐Han , Hu An‐Li , Wu Qing , Wang Yin‐Xu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is known to improve cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but studies are lacking with respect to the efficacy of iTBS on poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) iTBS on improving cognitive function in stroke patients.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with PSCI are randomly divided into iTBS (n = 28) and sham stimulation groups (n = 30). Both groups receive routine cognitive‐related rehabilitation. The iTBS group is treated with iTBS intervention of the left DLPFC, and the sham stimulation group is treated with the same parameters at the same site for 2 weeks. Outcome measures are assessed at baseline (T0) and immediately after the last intervention (T1) by mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), Oxford cognitive screen, and event‐related potential P300.ResultsThere are no differences in baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups. After intervention, the MMSE scores and P300 amplitude increase significantly for both groups, and the P300 incubation period reduces significantly. The change value of the iTBS group is significantly higher than that of sham stimulation group (p < .05). Compared with the sham stimulation group, the iTBS group has more significant changes in semantic comprehension and executive function (p < .05).ConclusioniTBS can effectively and safely improve overall cognitive impairment in stroke patients, including semantic understanding and executive function, and it also has a positive impact on memory function. Future randomized controlled studies with large samples and long‐term follow‐up should be conducted to further validate the results of the present study