bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical quality by design approach to RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of esomeprazole and naproxen in modified-release dosage form
Authors: Urmi Khandokar Farjana , Nawaz Md. Saddam , Islam S. M. Ashraful 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The present work describes the development and validation of a new, specific, accurate, and precise stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Esomeprazole (ESP) and Naproxen (NAP) in modified-release bi-layer tablet dosage form. Analytical Quality by Design concept was implemented through the method development exercise to establish the robustness of the method.

Results
Method development was performed on C18, 250 × 4.6 mm ID, and 5 µm particle size column with 10 µl injection volume using a photodiode array (PDA) detector to monitor the detection at 280 nm. The mobile phase consisted of the buffer: methanol at a ratio of 50: 50 (v/v), and the flow rate was maintained at 1.5 ml/min, and the column oven temperature was maintained at 30 °C. The retention times for NAP and ESP were found 5.9 ± 0.1 and 8.9 ± 0.1 min, respectively. The method was validated in terms of system suitability, specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, and solution stability. Linearity was observed over the range of concentration 8–12 µg/ml for ESP and 200–300 µg/ml for NAP, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was found excellent > 0.999. The method was specific to ESP and NAP, and the peak purity was found 99.97% for ESP and 100.00% for NAP. The method was precise and had %RSD less than 2. Recovery study for accuracy with placebo was found in the range of 99.63–100.36% for ESP and 99.91–100.43% for NAP.

Conclusion
This proposed fast, reliable, cost-effective method can be used as a quality control tool for the simultaneous determination of Esomeprazole and Naproxen in routine laboratory analysis.

Graphical Abstract
Natural Language Processing of Large-Scale Structured Radiology Reports to Identify Oncologic Patients With or Without Splenomegaly Over a 10-Year Period
Authors: Sun Simon , Lupton Kaelan , Batch Karen , Nguyen Huy , Gazit Lior , Gangai Natalie , Cho Jessica , Nicholas Kevin , Zulkernine Farhana , Sevilimedu Varadan , Simpson Amber , Do Richard K. G. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of a natural language processing (NLP) model in extracting splenomegaly described in patients with cancer in structured computed tomography radiology reports. METHODS In this retrospective study between July 2009 and April 2019, 3,87,359 consecutive structured radiology reports for computed tomography scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis from 91,665 patients spanning 30 types of cancer were included. A randomized sample of 2,022 reports from patients with colorectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer (HB), leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-HL patients was manually annotated as positive or negative for splenomegaly. NLP model training/testing was performed on 1,617/405 reports, and a new validation set of 400 reports from all cancer subtypes was used to test NLP model accuracy, precision, and recall. Overall survival was compared between the patient groups (with and without splenomegaly) using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS The final cohort included 3,87,359 reports from 91,665 patients (mean age 60.8 years; 51.2% women). In the testing set, the model achieved accuracy of 92.1%, precision of 92.2%, and recall of 92.1% for splenomegaly. In the validation set, accuracy, precision, and recall were 93.8%, 92.9%, and 86.7%, respectively. In the entire cohort, splenomegaly was most frequent in patients with leukemia (32.5%), HB (17.4%), non-HL (9.1%), colorectal cancer (8.5%), and HL (5.6%). A splenomegaly label was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the entire cohort (hazard ratio 2.10; 95% CI, 1.98 to 2.22; P < .001). CONCLUSION Automated splenomegaly labeling by NLP of radiology report demonstrates good accuracy, precision, and recall. Splenomegaly is most frequently reported in patients with leukemia, followed by patients with HB.
Deintensified Chemoradiotherapy for Pretreatment Epstein-Barr Virus DNA-Selected Low-Risk Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Phase II Randomized Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Li Xiao-Yun , Luo Dong-Hua , Guo Ling , Mo Hao-Yuan , Sun Rui , Guo Shan-Shan , Liu Li-Ting , Yang Zhen-Chong , Yang Jin-Hao , Qiu Fang , Sun Xue-Song , Wang Pan , Liu Qing , Li Ji-Bin , Tang Qing-Nan , Lin Chao , Yang Qi , Liu Sai-Lan , Liang Yu-Jing , Jia Guo-Dong , Wen Dong-Xiang , Guo Chun-Yan , Yan Jin-Jie , Zhao Chong , Chen Qiu-Yan , Tang Lin-Quan , Mai Hai-Qiang 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Cumulative doses of 200 mg/m2 for concurrent cisplatin (DDP) were indicated by retrospective studies as sufficient in conferring survival benefit for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). We performed an open-label, phase II, randomized, controlled trial to test the noninferiority of a two-cycle 100 mg/m2 concurrent DDP regimen over three-cycle in patients with low-risk LA-NPC with pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA levels < 4,000 copies/mL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive two cycles or three cycles concurrent DDP-based chemoradiotherapy. The primary end point was 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary end points included overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, etc. RESULTS Between September 2016 and October 2018, 332 patients were enrolled, with 166 in each arm. After a median follow-up of 37.7 months, the estimated 3-year PFS rates were 88.0% in the two-cycle group and 90.4% in the three-cycle group, with a difference of 2.4% (95% CI, –4.3 to 9.1, Pnoninferiority = .014). No differences were observed between groups in terms of PFS, overall survival, and the cumulative incidences of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis. Patients in the three-cycle group developed significantly more grade 3-4 mucositis (41 [24.8%] v 25 [15.1%]), hyponatremia (26 [15.8%] v 14 [8.4%]), and dermatitis (9 [5.5%] v 2 [1.2%]). The overall all-grade and grade 3-4 toxicity burdens were heavier in three-cycle group (T-scores, 12.33 v 10.57, P < .001 for all grades; 1.76 v 1.44, P = .05 for grade 3-4). Patients in the three-cycle group also showed more all-grade hearing impairment, dry mouth and skin fibrosis, and impaired long-term quality of life. CONCLUSION Intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus two cycles of concurrent 100 mg/m2 DDP could be an alternative treatment option for patients with low-risk LA-NPC.
Loss of p19Arf promotes fibroblast survival during leucine deprivation
Authors: Roby Kerry C. , Lieberman Allyson , Kim Bang-Jin , Rodríguez Nicole Zaragoza , Posimo Jessica M. , Tsang Tiffany , Verginadis Ioannis I. , Puré Ellen , Brady Donita C. , Koumenis Constantinos , Ryeom Sandra 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Fibroblasts are quiescent and tumor suppressive in nature but become activated in wound healing and cancer. The response of fibroblasts to cellular stress has not been extensively investigated, however the p53 tumor suppressor has been shown to be activated in fibroblasts during nutrient deprivation. Since the p19 Alternative reading frame (p19Arf) tumor suppressor is a key regulator of p53 activation during oncogenic stress, we investigated the role of p19Arf in fibroblasts during nutrient deprivation. Here, we show that prolonged leucine deprivation results in increased expression and nuclear localization of p19Arf, triggering apoptosis in primary murine adult lung fibroblasts (ALFs). In contrast, the absence of p19Arf during long-term leucine deprivation resulted in increased ALF proliferation, migration and survival through upregulation of the Integrated Stress Response pathway and increased autophagic flux. Our data implicates a new role for p19Arf in response to nutrient deprivation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The National Composite Index for Family Planning (NCIFP): Results and Methodological Issues
Authors: Rosenberg Rebecca , Ross John , Hardee Karen , Zosa-Feranil Imelda 
Published: January 2022

Background: The “ FP2020 Global Partnership” signaled a shift to broader, rights-based approaches to family planning programs, and the National Composite Index for Family Planning was developed as part of related measurement efforts. Methods: In each country 10-15 experts on the family planning program completed a 35-item questionnaire, first in 2014 in 89 countries, and in 2017 in 84 countries. Data were entered in Excel, with checks for consistency and data quality. The total score, and scores for each of 5 dimensions of effort are averages across the 35 indicators. Analytic techniques included cross-tabulations, graphical and correlation approaches. Results: The average total score for all countries in 2017 was 64 of the maximum of 100 of effort. Sub-regions differed: Anglophone and Francophone sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) scored highest in the total score and across all 5 dimensions. Next in order came Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Despite large differences in scores, the sub-regions followed similar profiles across the 35 indicators. The long term rise in the basic family planning effort scores continued, extending the series from surveys approximately every five years beginning in the 1980s. The highest score reached was for the strategy dimension, but the others were close. Their relative levels remained essentially the same as in the 2014 survey. NCIFP scores correlated positively with modern contraceptive use in both the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and non-sub-Saharan Africa (non-SSA) countries, but the relationships were stronger for SSA. Access to long-acting and permanent methods (LAPMs) was accompanied by greater LAPM use and modern method use. Conclusion: Repeated surveys in most developing countries show improvements in family planning effort, though unevenly, by 35 indicators and across regions.
An innovative mobile application to improve the efficiency of common procedures in the paediatric intensive care unit: a pilot study
Authors: Mannarino Candace , Prigge Andrew D , Sarmiento John , Malakooti Marcelo 
Published: January 2022

Background/Aims Procedures performed in the paediatric intensive care unit require optimal efficiency. This study evaluated the feasibility of a mobile app for paediatric critical care trainees to help improve the efficiency of three common procedures: central line placement, arterial line insertion and chest tube insertion. Methods Data regarding frequency of forgotten items were collected during the pre-intervention stage. A mobile app was developed with a checklist to help users to gather all the correct equipment. Data regarding the number of forgotten items were collected from the app in the period following initial implementation (March–August 2019) and after a software update (August–October 2019). Results Once the mobile application was introduced, all 13 (100%) fellows and 2 (20%) of the 10 advanced practice registered nurses accessed the application's checklist to record their procedures. From March–August 2019, 19 users submitted post-completion assessments, of which four included records of forgotten items (21%). After a software update, from August–October 2019, there were eight post-procedure assessments submitted with zero forgotten items. After using the mobile application, over half (13/24) of users surveyed agreed that the mobile application was useful for helping select items. Conclusions A considerable decrease in the proportion of procedures with forgotten items was recorded after the implementation of the app and after the software update. However, there was also a decrease in use of the app during the study period, so more research is required into the use of mobile apps for this purpose.
U-shape core-offset fiber sensor with submicrostrain resolution over a 35 millistrain range
Authors: Fan Huibo , Fan Hongwei , Lu Cong , Yin Qiming , Bao Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2022

Large strain with submicro resolution is essential for steel structural monitoring; however, the fiber base sensors are limited by the glass extension to be less than 1%. Here, we propose a U-shape core-offset fiber sensor including four fiber segments to realize a large strain sensor. Four fiber segments with slight length differences in between are core-offset fused together to achieve U-shape spring-like microstructure fiber for large transverse bending radius. The reflected high-order modes at three silica/air interfaces interfere to give a broad spectrum due to unequal segment length, which enables continuous strain detection over 35 mɛ. The air and glass hybrid structure of the device enables the large bending, and hence compression and tension measurement can be achieved simultaneously. The strain sensitivity is up to 20.75 pm/µɛ with the strain accuracy of 0.5 µɛ. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, core-offset fiber has high strain sensitivity and large strain range for compression and tension strain measurement. Furthermore, the proposed strain sensor can be fabricated easily for practical applications where large strain with high strain accuracy is needed.
Design of a CMOS image sensor pixel with embedded polysilicon nano-grating for near-infrared imaging enhancement
Authors: Cobo Elie , Massenot Sébastien , Le Roch Alexandre , Corbière Franck , Goiffon Vincent , Magnan Pierre , Pelouard Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2022

Complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor sensitivity in the near-infrared spectrum is limited by the absorption length in silicon. To deal with that limitation, we evaluate the implementation of a polysilicon nano-grating inside a pixel, at the transistor gate level of a 90 nm standard CMOS process, through opto-electrical simulations. The studied pixel structure involves a polysilicon nano-grating, designed with the fabrication layer of the transistor gate, which does not require any modifications in the process flow. The diffraction effect of the nano-grating increases the length of the light path in the photosensitive area and thus increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The nano-grating is integrated in combination with deep trench isolations to reduce cross talk between pixels. Coupled optical and electrical simulations report 33% external quantum efficiency improvement and 7% cross talk reduction at 850 nm.
Full-duplex transmission of multi-Gb/s subcarrier multiplexing and 5G NR signals in 39  GHz band over fiber and space
Authors: Nguyen Dong-Nhat , Vallejo Luis , Almenar Vincenc , Ortega Beatriz , Tien Dat Pham , Le Son Thai , Bohata Jan , Zvanovec Stanislav 
Published: January 2022

We propose a stable full-duplex transmission of millimeter-wave signals
over a hybrid single-mode fiber (SMF) and free-space optics (FSO) link
for the fifth-generation (5G) radio access networks to accelerate the
Industry 4.0 transformation. For the downlink (DL), we transmit 39 GHz
subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) signals using variable quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) allocations for multi-user services. As a
proof of operation, we experimentally demonstrate the transmission of
3 Gb/s SCM signals (1 Gb/s per user) over a hybrid system consisting
of a 10 km SMF and 1.2 m FSO link. For the uplink (UL), satisfactory
performance for the transmission of 2.4 Gb/s 5G new radio (NR) signal
at 37 GHz over the hybrid system is experimentally confirmed for the
first time, to the best of our knowledge. The measured error vector
magnitudes for both DL and UL signals using 4/16/64-QAM formats are
well below the third generation partnership project (3GPP)
requirements. We also further evaluate by simulation the full-duplex
transmission over the system in terms of received optical and RF
powers and bit error rate performance. A wireless radio distance of
approximately 200 m, which is sufficient for 5G small-cell networks,
is estimated for both DL and UL direction under the heavy rain
condition, based on the available data from Spain. Furthermore,
simulation for the DL direction is conducted to verify the superior
performance of the system using variable QAM allocation over uniform
QAM allocation. Using a variable modulation allocation, up to five
users (2 Gb/s per user) can be transmitted over a hybrid 10 km SMF and
150 m FSO link.
Rapid and sensitive point-of-care detection of Leptospira by RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a targeting lipL32
Authors: Jirawannaporn Sirawit , Limothai Umaporn , Tachaboon Sasipha , Dinhuzen Janejira , Kiatamornrak Patcharakorn , Chaisuriyong Watchadaporn , Bhumitrakul Jom , Mayuramart Oraphan , Payungporn Sunchai , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: January 2022

Background
One of the key barriers preventing rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis is the lack of available sensitive point-of-care testing. This study aimed to develop and validate a clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) platform combined with isothermal amplification to detect leptospires from extracted patient DNA samples.

Methodology/Principal findings
A Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a-fluorescence assay was designed to detect the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira spp. The assays demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 cells/mL, with no cross-reactivity against several other acute febrile illnesses. The clinical performance of the assay was validated with DNA extracted from 110 clinical specimens and then compared to results from qPCR detection of Leptospira spp. The RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay showed 85.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 92.7% accuracy. The sensitivity increased on days 4–6 after the fever onset and decreased after day 7. The specificity was consistent for several days after the onset of fever. The overall performance of the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a platform was better than the commercial rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We also developed a lateral flow detection assay (LFDA) combined with RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a to make the test more accessible and easier to interpret. The combined LFDA showed a similar LOD of 100 cells/mL and could correctly distinguish between known positive and negative clinical samples in a pilot study.

Conclusions/Significance
The RPA-CRISPR/Cas12 targeting the lipL32 gene demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of leptospires. This assay might be an appropriate test for acute leptospirosis screening in limited-resource settings.
Empirical modeling of the percent depth dose for megavoltage photon beams
Authors: Li Xiao-Jun , Ye Yan-Cheng , Zhang Yan-Shan , Wu Jia-Ming 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThis study presents an empirical method to model the high-energy photon beam percent depth dose (PDD) curve by using the home-generated buildup function and tail function (buildup-tail function) in radiation therapy. The modeling parameters n and μ of buildup-tail function can be used to characterize the Collimator Scatter Factor (Sc)either in a square field or in the different individual upper jaw and lower jaw setting separately for individual monitor unit check.Methods and materialsThe PDD curves for four high-energy photon beams were modeled by the buildup and tail function in this study. The buildup function was a quadratic function in the form ofdd2+nwith the main parameter of d (depth in water) and n, while the tail function was in the form ofe−μdand was composed by an exponential function with the main parameter of d and μ. The PDD was the product of buildup and tail function, PDD =dd2+n·e−μd. The PDD of four-photon energies was characterized by the buildup-tail function by adjusting the parameters n and μ. The Scof 6 MV and 10 MV can then be expressed simply by the modeling parameters n and μ.ResultsThe main parameters n increases in buildup-tail function when photon energy increased. The physical meaning of the parameter n expresses the beam hardening of photon energy in PDD. The fitting results of parameters n in the buildup function are 0.17, 0.208, 0.495, 1.2 of four-photon energies, 4 MV, 6 MV, 10 MV, 18 MV, respectively. The parameter μ can be treated as attenuation coefficient in tail function and decreases when photon energy increased. The fitting results of parameters μ in the tail function are 0.065, 0.0515, 0.0458, 0.0422 of four-photon energies, 4 MV, 6 MV, 10 MV, 18 MV, respectively. The values of n and μ obtained from the fitted buildup-tail function were applied into an analytical formula of Sc= nE(S)0.63μEto get the collimator to scatter factor Scfor 6 and 10 MV photon beam, while nE,μE, S denotes n, μ at photon energy E of field size S, respectively. The calculated Scwere compared with the measured data and showed agreement at different field sizes to within ±1.5%.ConclusionsWe proposed a model incorporating a two-parameter formula which can improve the fitting accuracy to be better than 1.5% maximum error for describing the PDD in different photon energies used in clinical setting. This model can be used to parameterize the Scfactors for some clinical requirements. The modeling parameters n and μ can be used to predict the Scin either square field or individual jaws opening asymmetrically for treatment monitor unit double-check in dose calculation. The technique developed in this study can also be used for systematic or random errors in the QA program, thus improves the clinical dose computation accuracy for patient treatment.
Exploratory attitude survey of homeless persons regarding telecare services in shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation: The importance of trust
Authors: Győrffy Zsuzsa , Békási Sándor , Döbrössy Bence , Bognár Virág Katalin , Radó Nóra , Morva Emília , Zsigri Szabolcs , Tari Péter , Girasek Edmond 
Published: January 2022

Background
With the expansion of digital health, it is imperative to consider intervention techniques in order not to be the cause of even more social health inequalities in underserved populations struggling with chronic diseases. Telemedicine solutions for homeless persons might compensate for shortcomings in access to valuable health services in different settings. The main aim of our research was to examine the attitudes and openness of homeless persons regarding telecare on a Hungarian sample.

Methods
Quantitative survey among homeless people (n = 98) was completed in 4 shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation in Budapest, Hungary. Attitudes regarding healthcare service accessibility and telecare were measured by a self-developed questionnaire of the research team. Telecare attitude comparison was made with data of a Hungarian weighted reference group of non-homeless persons recruited from 2 primary care units (n = 110).

Results
A significant fraction of homeless people with mid- or long-term residency in homeless shelters did not oppose the use of telecare via live online video consultation and there was no difference compared to the national reference group (averages of 3.09 vs. 3.15, respectively). Results of the homeless group indicate that those more satisfied with healthcare services, in general, manifest more openness to telecare. It is clearly demonstrated by the multivariate analysis that those participants in the homeless group who had problems getting health care in the last year definitely preferred in-person doctor-patient consultations.

Conclusion
Digital health technologies offer a potentially important new pathway for the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among homeless persons. Based on the attitudes towards telecare, initiating an on-site telecare program for mid- and long-term residents of homeless shelters might enable better care continuity. Our results draw attention to the key factors including building trust in the implementation of such programs among underserved and other vulnerable patient groups.