bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional gradient films on aluminum alloy to improve its laser‐induced damage ability and reduce pollutant particles’ generation
Authors: Yin Jiaheng , Cui Yaowen , Lu Lihua , Zhang Peng , Cao Yongzhi , Yan Yongda , Du Yunlong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaser‐induced damage on metal parts by stray light is a common issue for high‐energy laser systems, especially inertial‐confinement fusion (ICF) systems. Micro‐dust could be produced from the surface irradiated and adhere to and cause further damage of other optical parts like potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal. We propose a functional gradient film based on aluminum anodization to raise the laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT). The number of particles produced by a 355‐nm nanosecond laser was considered a factor of LIDT. To investigate the interaction theoretically, a coupled model of electromagnetic radiation and heat conversion based on Ohm's law for a nanosecond laser pulse absorbed by the films was used to calculate the LIDT temperature. Films with different roughnesses and an untreated aluminum alloy (AA) were irradiated. The LIDT was 0.5 J/cm2, with a temperature of 5790 K, which largely prevented the laser damage of the AA and reduced particles produced while metal damaged. The combination of simulations and experiments provided a new and simple indication of LIDT for aluminum‐based functional gradient films. It also provided a guide for clean manufacturing with less particle generation, which is vital to the success of ICF systems that will generate sustainable energy.
Assessing various environmental descriptors with respect to genotype x environment interaction for milk production traits in Bavarian Fleckvieh cattle
Authors: Erbe Malena , Edel Christian , Emmerling Reiner , Götz Kay‐Uwe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenotype x environment (GxE) interaction for production traits in Fleckvieh cattle was assessed by means of various environmental descriptors (EDs). It was also of particular interest to search for EDs useful for studying differing robustness or resilience of individuals which implies reasonable GxE interaction. The set of studied EDs included farm/herd environment (e.g. herd size, housing/feeding regimes, herd production level), geographical location (e.g. height above sea level), temperature humidity index and fat‐to‐protein ratio. Milk, fat and protein yield deviations for the first test day, the first 100 days and the 305‐day‐yield of the first lactation were used as phenotypes. Genetic correlations were estimated with bi‐ and multivariate sire models in case of categorical EDs and reaction norm sire models in case of continuous EDs. Further, rank correlations of bulls' estimated breeding values were calculated for different environmental levels/classes. Almost all estimated genetic correlations were significantly different from 1, but not <0.93. There were some exceptions for extremely different classes/levels of some EDs (e.g. average herd‐year production, organic vs conventional farm systems, way of concentrated feed supply). Rank correlations were rarely below 0.95. In summary, no substantial GxE interactions for milk production traits were found with the studied EDs.
Genome‐wide identification of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulviadraco) and their expression profiling under the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Li Ronghui , Shu Mingyu , Liu Xuanxuan , Nei Zhiwei , Ye Ben , Wang Heyu , Gong Yifu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs serine/threonine protein kinases, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) take part in cellular metabolism. This work found 14 MAPK genes in the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulviadraco) genome and evaluated their taxonomy, conserved domains and evolutionary linkages for a better understanding of the MAPK gene family's evolutionary relationship and antibacterial immune response. The findings revealed that several MAPK genes are activated in response to immunological and inflammatory responses. Collinearity research revealed that in yellow catfish and zebrafish, there are six pairs of highly similar MAPK genes, indicating that these genes have been more conserved throughout evolution. The MAPK gene quantification findings revealed that JNK1a, JNK1b, p38delta and p38alpha b expression levels were considerably upregulated, indicating that they act in fish innate immunity. The findings implied that MAPK genes may involve in defence against detrimental microbe in yellow catfish, which will help researchers better understand how MAPK genes work in the innate immune system.
Social isolation affects intra‐specific interaction behaviour and reduces the size of the cerebellar brain region in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Guo Haoyu , Näslund Joacim , Thomassen Søren T. , Larsen Martin H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe social environment can affect the development of behavioural phenotypes in fish, and it is important to understand such effects when rearing fish in artificial environments. Here, the authors test the effects of spatial isolation on social interaction propensity and brain development in hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Salmon reared in isolation generally stayed further away from a conspecific in a standardized intruder test than conspecifics reared together in groups. Isolated salmon also tended to be more active in an intruder test, albeit non‐significantly so, but this pattern was not detected in open‐field tests without an intruding conspecific. The cerebellar brain region was relatively smaller in isolated salmon, suggesting that the brain was developing differently in these fish. Therefore, some features of the behavioural and neural phenotype are affected by rearing in isolation. These effects should be considered when rearing salmon, particularly for experimental purposes as it may affect results of laboratory studies on behavioural expression and brain size.
Non‐linear shrinkage of Batson's #17 resin during vascular corrosion casting
Authors: Shih Kang‐Chi Julia , Peiffer Véronique , Rowland Ethan M. , Sowinski Peter , Weinberg Peter D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany studies of cardiovascular function require a realistic representation of vascular geometry. Corrosion casting has been used to acquire such geometries for many decades. However, the fidelity with which this method reproduces vascular anatomy has not been completely determined. Here we report on the non‐linear shrinkage characteristics and exothermic properties of Batson's #17, a widely used casting resin, in model systems and in aortas of rats and rabbits. The setting process was captured using high‐resolution photography. Shrinkage ranged from 3.4 ± 1.5% of the diameter in 1 ml plastic syringes (inner diameter 4.8 mm) to 19.6 ± 5.6% in the aorta of rats (diameter 1.5–2.6 mm). In addition, aortic curvature and branching angles changed during setting. These effects should be determined and corrected in studies of vascular geometry where high accuracy is required.
Inter‐rater variability and consistency within four acne grading systems recommended in China, USA, and Europe
Authors: Yu Ruixing , Fei Wenmin , Ning Xiaoli , Cui Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation among different investigators (intrarater variation) in the assessment of acne vulgaris severity using Acne Grading System (AGS), International Improvement Grading System (IIGS), Investigator Global Assessment of acne (IGA), and Global Evaluation Acne (GEA), and to compare AGS and IIGS with the IGA recommended in the United States, and GEA in Europe.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted among patients with acne vulgaris, attending the dermatology outpatient clinics at five hospitals in China. Four investigators were engaged using AGS, IIGS, IGA, and GEA to assess severity of acne vulgaris. Correlation among AGS, IIGS, GEA, and IGA were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1107 participants suffering from acne vulgaris were enrolled. There was evidence of adequate internal consistency among AGS, IIGS, IGA, and GEA. For the intrarater reliability, AGS, IIGS, GEA, and IGA demonstrated excellent reliability. Moreover, AGS, IIGS, IGA, and GEA were significantly correlated with each other (p ≤ 0.01).ConclusionIIGS and AGS were reliable, and correlated well with IGA and GEA.
A study of combination unilateral subcutaneous botulinum toxin a treatment for androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Tian Kai , Gao Suyue , Jia Zou , Xu Wushuang , Li Ke , Wu Lijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of unilateral subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin A combined with finasteride and minoxidil in the treatment of androgenic alopecia.MethodsThirty‐seven patients with androgenic alopecia were treated with finasteride and minoxidil as standard therapy and were randomly assigned to subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin A in one hemisphere of the head at the beginning of a 6‐month treatment. Before treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment, the patient's head hair growth was photographed and evaluated.ResultsAfter 3 and 6 months of treatment, hair density of the treated androgenic alopecia patients was higher than before treatment (p < 0.05), and the hair density of the botulinum toxin A injection side was higher than that of the control side (p < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the response rate of botulinum toxin A combined with finasteride and minoxidil was 77.5%, with no significant side effects observed.ConclusionFinasteride and minoxidil have a significant effect on androgenic alopecia, and the effect is further increased after combined with botulinum toxin A subcutaneous injection.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women ≥40 years undergoing induction of labor compared with women <35 years: Results from 4027 mothers
Authors: Claramonte Nieto Marta , Mula Used Raquel , Castellet Roig Cristina , Rodríguez Ignacio , Rodríguez Melcon Alberto , Serra Zantop Bernat , Prats Rodríguez Pilar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimCesarean section is known to be increased with advanced maternal age in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL), but there is less information regarding other possible adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of singleton, nulliparous, at‐term women undergoing IOL between January 2007 and September 2020. Outcomes studied were: cesarean section, failed induction rate, fetal distress, post‐partum hemorrhage, post‐partum hysterectomy, and need of transfusion. Neonatal variables analyzed were: Apgar score, umbilical cord pH, need of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and mortality.ResultsA total of 4027 women met the inclusion criteria; 1968 (48.9%) of mothers were <35 years, 1283 (31.9%) were 35–39 years, 658 (16.3%) were 40–44 years, and 118 (2.9%) were ≥45 years. Results showed a significantly increased incidence of c‐section in women ≥35 years, with an OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.50–2.14) for women 40–44 years and OR 3.95 (95% CI 2.66–5.98) for women ≥45 years. The main indication for cesarean delivery was failed IOL, and this risk was also significantly increased in women ≥40 years. These differences remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors. No other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes showed an association with age.ConclusionMaternal age ≥40 years was associated with an increased risk of c‐section after IOL at term compared with younger women, mainly because of failed induction, but no association with other adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes were found in our population. Risks and benefits of IOL in older women should be individually evaluated and adequately discussed with mothers.
Low‐dose aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia: Implementation of the NICE guideline in Thailand
Authors: Suksai Manaphat , Geater Alan , Suntharasaj Thitima , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Charernjiratragul Kla , Khwankaew Noppasin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a preeclampsia (PE) screening program using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline in pregnant Thai women.MethodsA total of 2552 pregnancies received antenatal care and were delivered at Songklanagarind Hospital between November 2016 and April 2020. PE screening with the NICE guideline was used to identify mothers at risk. In cases of positive screening results, a daily dose of 81 mg aspirin was prescribed. Pregnancy outcomes were compared with 2783 participants who had maternity care before the implementation of the screening program. The effectiveness of aspirin prophylaxis following the NICE guideline was assessed by a logistic regression model to compare the risk of PE development between before and after guidance.ResultsThe screening positive rate by NICE was 8.3%. Of these, 77.36% of the participants received aspirin prophylaxis according to the NICE recommendation. After the implementation of the PE screening program, the incidence of PE slightly decreased (from 4.31% to 3.72%, p = 0.274). The chance of PE in pregnancies who had high‐risk factors was reduced after using low‐dose aspirin prophylaxis, even though the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsScreening with the NICE guidelines followed by prescription of low‐dose aspirin (81 mg/day) was probably not an effective strategy for the prevention of PE in our population. Combining biophysical and biochemical markers to identify pregnant women who subsequently develop PE, concurrently with an increased dose of aspirin prophylaxis, may provide a better outcome in clinical practice.
Social support mediates the effect of morningness on changes in subjective well‐being over 6 months
Authors: Gorgol Joanna , Bullock Ben , Stolarski Maciej 
Published: June 2022

SummaryStudies show that morningness is positively associated with subjective well‐being. Our previous research investigated factors that could underlie this relationship, finding that the association between morningness–eveningness and subjective well‐being can be partially attributed to the higher levels of perceived social support received by morning‐oriented individuals. In the present study, we examine the longitudinal effects of perceived social support in mediating the relationship between morningness–eveningness and subjective well‐being. Our results show that this mediating effect remains significant with respect to changes in well‐being over a 6‐month period. It seems that the causal effect of morningness on well‐being may be partially mediated by the causal effect of social support. The findings provide further support for the conclusion that perceived social support is an important contributing factor to the greater well‐being reported by morning‐oriented individuals. Additionally, our results provide seminal evidence for the causal effect of morningness on well‐being.
Allogenic blood patch pleurodesis for management of pneumothorax in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppy with multiple pulmonary blebs and bullae
Authors: Moloney Conor , Puggioni Antonella , McKenna Myles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 9‐week‐old male intact Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was presented for evaluation of acute onset dyspnea caused by left‐sided pneumothorax. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) identified multiple pulmonary bullae and blebs in multiple lung lobes. Rupture of ≥1 pulmonary blebs or bullae, precipitated by low impact trauma, was the suspected cause of pneumothorax. A volume of 7.5 mL/kg of fresh whole blood was collected from a type‐matched donor dog and administered into the left pleural space using a thoracostomy tube. The pneumothorax was successfully resolved and no adverse effects of blood patch pleurodesis were noted. The dog was clinically normal 12 months later.
Geographical contrasts of Y‐chromosomal haplogroups from wild and domestic goats reveal ancient migrations and recent introgressions
Authors:   VarGoats Consortium, Nijman Isaäc J. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Bardou Philippe , Faraut Thomas , Cumer Tristan , Daly Kevin G. , Zheng Zhuqing , Cai Yudong , Asadollahpour Hojjat , Kul Bengi Çınar , Zhang Wei‐Yi , E. Guangxin , Ayin A. , Baird Hayley , Bakhtin Meirat , Bâlteanu Valentin A. , Barfield Diana , Berger Beate , Blichfeldt Thor , Boink Geert , Bugiwati Sri R. A. , Cai Zexi , Carolan Sean , Clark Emily , Cubric‐Curik Vlatka , Dagong Muhammad I. A. , Dorji Tashi , Drew Louise , Guo Jiazhong , Hallsson Jón , Horvat Simon , Kantanen Juha , Kawaguchi Fuki , Kazymbet Polat , Khayatzadeh Negar , Kim Namshin , Shah Manoj Kumar , Liao Yuying , Martínez Amparo , Masangkay Joseph S. , Masaoka Maho , Mazza Raffaele , McEwan John , Milanesi Marco , Omar Faruque Md. , Nomura Yuto , Ouchene‐Khelifi Nadjet‐Amina , Pereira Filipe , Sahana Goutam , Salavati Mazdak , Sasazaki Shinji , Da Silva Anne , Simčič Mojca , Sölkner Johann , Sutherland Alison , Tigchelaar Johannes , Zhang Hongpin ,   Econogene Consortium, Ajmone‐Marsan Paolo , Bradley Daniel G. , Colli Licia , Drögemüller Cord , Jiang Yu , Lei Chuzhao , Mannen Hideyuki , Pompanon François , Tosser‐Klopp Gwenola , Lenstra Johannes A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy their paternal transmission, Y‐chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male‐mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single‐nucleotide variants in the SRY, ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y‐chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y‐chromosomal variants from whole‐genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated domestic haplogroups corresponding to Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, whereas Y1A is split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All five haplogroups were detected in 26 ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe or Asia. Haplotypes from present‐day bezoars are not shared with domestic goats and are attached to deep nodes of the trees and networks. Haplogroup distributions for 186 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks and expansions during migrations into northern Europe, eastern and southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. In addition, sharing of haplogroups indicates male‐mediated introgressions, most notably an early gene flow from Asian goats into Madagascar and the crossbreeding that in the 19th century resulted in the popular Boer and Anglo‐Nubian breeds. More recent introgressions are those from European goats into the native Korean goat population and from Boer goat into Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. This study illustrates the power of the Y‐chromosomal variants for reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographical range.
A computational framework for fluid–structure interaction with applications on stability evaluation of breakwater under combined tsunami–earthquake activity
Authors: Huang Shuai , Liu Chuanzheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, an improved impervious solid boundary condition of the coupled method called smooth particle hydrodynamics and discrete element method (SPH‐DEM) is proposed, which prevents the fluid particles from penetrating solid boundary under earthquake action. And an improved transmitting boundary condition of SPH‐DEM is designed in order to conquer the reflection of seismic waves on the boundary. Meanwhile, the effective stress method is proposed to be applied to the SPH‐DEM for simulating seabed liquefaction. Based on these, a new computational framework for the SPH‐DEM is put forward. Dynamic triaxial test of seabed soil samples indicate that our proposed computational framework can well reproduce the seismic liquefaction process of the seabed soil. Moreover, our proposed computational framework is used to numerically reproduce the failure mechanisms of a breakwater built in liquefied seabed under combined tsunami–earthquake activity and meantime the centrifuge test is carried out. And the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed computational framework, in which numerical results of it are consistent with results of the centrifuge test.
Tiny‐Crack‐Net: A multiscale feature fusion network with attention mechanisms for segmentation of tiny cracks
Authors: Chu Honghu , Wang Wei , Deng Lu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained growing interest in recent years for their advantages in detecting cracks on concrete bridge components. Class imbalance is a fundamental problem in crack segmentation, resulting in unsatisfactory segmentation for tiny cracks. Besides, limited by the local receptive field, CNNs often cannot integrate local features with global dependencies, thus significantly affecting the detection accuracy of tiny cracks across the entire image. To solve those problems in segmenting tiny cracks, a multiscale feature fusion network with attention mechanisms named “Tiny‐Crack‐Net” (TCN) is proposed. The modified residual network was used to capture the local features of tiny cracks. The dual attention module was then incorporated into the architecture to better separate the tiny cracks from the background. Also, a multiscale fusion operation was implemented to preserve the edge details of tiny cracks. Finally, a joint learning loss of the cross‐entropy and similarity was proposed to alleviate the poor convergence induced by the severe class imbalance of the pixels representing tiny cracks. The capability of the network in segmenting tiny cracks was remarkably enhanced by the aforementioned arrangements, and the “Tiny‐Crack‐Net” achieved a Dice similarity coefficient of 87.96% on an open‐source data set, which was at least 5.84% higher than those of the six cutting‐edge networks. The effectiveness and robustness of the “Tiny‐Crack‐Net” were validated with field test results, which showed that the intersection over union (IOU) for cracks with a width of 0.05 mm or wider reaches 91.44%.
Perceptual learning and reasons‐responsiveness
Authors: Jenkin Zoe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerceptual experiences are not immediately responsive to reasons. You see a stick submerged in a glass of water as bent no matter how much you know about light refraction. Due to this isolation from reasons, perception is traditionally considered outside the scope of epistemic evaluability as justified or unjustified. Is perception really as independent from reasons as visual illusions make it out to be? I argue no, drawing on psychological evidence from perceptual learning. The flexibility of perceptual learning is a way of responding to new epistemic reasons. The resulting perceptual experiences are epistemically evaluable as justified or unjustified.