bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How pneumatic were the presacral vertebrae of dicraeosaurid (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) dinosaurs?
Authors: Windholz Guillermo J , Carballido José L , Coria Rodolfo A , Zurriaguz Virginia L , Rauhut Oliver W M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Skeletal pneumaticity implies bone invasion via air sacs that are diverticula of the respiratory system. Among extant vertebrates, this feature is found only in birds, and in extinct taxa it occurs in saurischian dinosaurs and pterosaurs. The sauropod axial skeleton is characterized by having a complex architecture of laminae and fossae that have usually been related to some degree of pneumaticity. We examined the external anatomy of the presacral vertebrae of two dicraeosaurid sauropods holotype specimens, Amargasaurus cazaui and Brachytrachelopan mesai, and obtained computed tomography scan images from mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae of both specimens and an anterior dorsal vertebra of Brachytrachelopan. In all cases, we recognized a ‘procamerate’ internal pneumatization pattern, confirming previous hypotheses that dicraeosaurid vertebral pneumaticity is reduced relative to other eusauropod taxa. Thus, pneumatic diverticula were present in Amargasaurus, Brachytrachelopan, Dicraeosaurus, Pilmatueia and, possibly, other dicraeosaurid sauropods, but these diverticula did not invade their presacral vertebrae extensively. Furthermore, we found that the more pneumatic dicraeosaurid taxa, with some exceptions, occupy a basal position within Dicraeosauridae. There is some variability in pneumaticity among dicraeosaurids from Gondwana, with Pilmatueia achieving the highest degree of pneumatization.
A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Authors: Arntzen Jan W 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRelated species often engage in abutting or overlapping contact zones with various strengths of interspecific competition. Biotic interactions such as these preclude the registration of the full profile of environmental variables that would describe the otherwise larger species ranges. Here, I advocate to forego full range species distribution modelling and instead focus on the ecography of the contact zone, for example with ‘two-species distribution models’ (TSDMs), in which presence data are contrasted against the background of environmental data. The newts Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus meet in the west of France. A countrywide TSDM suggests that the contact zone of the species is located at a climatic gradient, in line with their north-eastern vs. south-western ranges. The species are also ecologically segregated by elevation and forestation, which is in line with a documented movement of the contact zone caused by hedgerow removal in lowland areas. Hindcasts for the Holocene suggest that the species contact zone was positioned at either the same place as at present or more to the south, depending on the amount of forestation. A forecast under climate warming predicts a fast movement to the north, but this scenario is deemed unrealistic. One reason is that recent habitat loss compromises dispersal and range expansion. Other species pairs to which TSDMs have been applied are listed for comparison.
Knee osteoarthritis, joint laxity and PROMs following conservative management versus surgical reconstruction for ACL rupture: a meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Oliva Francesco , Eschweiler Joerg , Torsiello Ernesto , Hildebrand Frank , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients whose rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can be managed conservatively or undergo reconstruction surgery.Source of dataCurrent scientific literature published in Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus.Areas of agreementSeveral studies published by July 2022 compare surgical and conservative management following ACL rupture. The latest evidence suggests that surgical management may expose patients to an increased risk of early-onset knee osteoarthritis (OA).Areas of controversyThe state of art does not recommend a systematic ACL reconstruction to all patients who tore their ACL. After the initial trauma, surgical reconstruction may produce even greater damage to the intra-articular structures compared to conservative management.Growing pointsThe state of art does not recommend systematic surgical reconstruction to all patients who tore their ACL. The present study compared surgical reconstruction versus conservative management for primary ACL ruptures in terms of joint laxity, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and rate of osteoarthritis.Areas timely for developing researchACL reconstruction provides significant improvement in joint laxity compared to conservative management, but is associated with a significantly greater rate of knee osteoarthritis, despite similar results at PROM assessment.
Effects of enteral nutrition with different energy supplies on metabolic changes and organ damage in burned rats
Authors: Yang Yong-Jun , Su Sen , Zhang Yong , Wu Dan , Wang Chao , Wei Yan , Peng Xi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) is an important treatment for burn patients. However, severe gastrointestinal damage caused by major burns often leads to EN intolerance. Trophic EN solves this problem basically, but how to transition from trophic EN to standard EN smoothly is still a challenge in burn clinical nutrition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of EN with different energy supplies on metabolic changes, organ damage and prognosis in burned rats.MethodsDifferent feeding regimens were designed based on the continuous monitoring of resting energy expenditure in rats. Thirty-two Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, burn +50% REE group, burn +75% REE group and burn +100% REE group. At the end of a nutritional treatment cycle (14th day), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, blood biochemistry analysis and quantification of subscab bacteria were performed to explore the differences in metabolic changes, degrees of organ damage and prognoses between the groups.ResultsSixteen metabolites involving seven metabolic pathways were identified from the different energy supply groups. After burn injury, resting energy consumption and body weight loss increased obviously. Meanwhile, weight loss was inversely related to energy supply. The greatest changes in the degree of organ damage, the level of plasma proteins, lipids and endotoxins, as well as the quantification of subscab bacteria were observed in the 50% REE group, followed by the 75 and 100% groups.ConclusionsAchieving an early balance between energy supply and expenditure is conducive to mitigating metabolic disorders and improving prognosis after burn injury.
Encoding of conditioned inhibitors of fear in the infralimbic cortex
Authors: Ng Ka H , Sangha Susan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cues in the environment signaling the absence of threat, i.e. safety, can influence both fear and reward-seeking behaviors. Heightened and maladaptive fear is associated with reduced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. We have previously shown in male rats that the infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex is necessary for suppressing fear during a safety cue. The objective of the present study was to determine if there was safety cue-specific neural activity within the IL using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, where a fear cue was paired with shock, a safety cue was paired with no shock, and a reward cue was paired with sucrose. To investigate how safety cues can suppress fear, the fear and safety cues were presented together as a compound fear + safety cue. Single-unit activity showed a large proportion of neurons with excitatory responses to the fear + safety cue specifically, a separate group of neurons with excitatory responses to both the reward and fear + safety cues, and bidirectional neurons with excitation to the fear + safety cue and inhibition to the fear cue. Neural activity was also found to be negatively correlated with freezing during the fear + safety cue. Together, these data implicate the IL in encoding specific aspects of conditioned inhibitors when fear is being actively suppressed.
PlagueKD: a knowledge graph–based plague knowledge database
Authors: Li Jin , Gao Jing , Feng Baiyang , Jing Yi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Plague has been confirmed as an extremely horrific international quarantine infectious disease attributed to Yersinia pestis. It has an extraordinarily high lethal rate that poses a serious hazard to human and animal lives. With the deepening of research, there has been a considerable amount of literature related to the plague that has never been systematically integrated. Indeed, it makes researchers time-consuming and laborious when they conduct some investigation. Accordingly, integrating and excavating plague-related knowledge from considerable literature takes on a critical significance. Moreover, a comprehensive plague knowledge base should be urgently built. To solve the above issues, the plague knowledge base is built for the first time. A database is built from the literature mining based on knowledge graph, which is capable of storing, retrieving, managing and accessing data. First, 5388 plague-related abstracts that were obtained automatically from PubMed are integrated, and plague entity dictionary and ontology knowledge base are constructed by using text mining technology. Second, the scattered plague-related knowledge is correlated through knowledge graph technology. A multifactor correlation knowledge graph centered on plague is formed, which contains 9633 nodes of 33 types (e.g. disease, gene, protein, species, symptom, treatment and geographic location), as well as 9466 association relations (e.g. disease–gene, gene–protein and disease–species). The Neo4j graph database is adopted to store and manage the relational data in the form of triple. Lastly, a plague knowledge base is built, which can successfully manage and visualize a large amount of structured plague-related data. This knowledge base almost provides an integrated and comprehensive plague-related knowledge. It should not only help researchers to better understand the complex pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches of plague but also take on a key significance to reference for exploring potential action mechanisms of corresponding drug candidates and the development of vaccine in the future. Furthermore, it is of great significance to promote the field of plague research. Researchers are enabled to acquire data more easily for more effective research.
Database URL: http://39.104.28.169:18095/
Evolution in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease over the last century: from a crural-centered to a lower esophageal sphincter–centered approach and back
Authors: Mackay Emily M , Louie Brian E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has evolved significantly over the past century, driven by increased understanding of the physiology of the reflux barrier, its anatomic components, and surgical innovation. Initially, emphasis was on reduction of hiatal hernias and crural closure as the etiology behind GERD was felt to be solely related to the anatomic alterations caused by hiatal hernias. With persistence of reflux-related changes in some patients despite crural closure, along with the development of what is now modern manometry and the discovery of a high-pressure zone at the distal esophagus, focus evolved to surgical augmentation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). With this transition to an LES-centric approach, attention shifted to reconstruction of the angle of His, ensuring sufficient intra-abdominal esophageal length, development of the now commonly employed Nissen fundoplication, and creation of devices that directly augment the LES such as magnetic sphincter augmentation. More recently, the role of crural closure in antireflux and hiatal hernia surgery has again received renewed attention due to the persistence of postoperative complications including wrap herniation and high rates of recurrences. Rather than simply preventing transthoracic herniation of the fundoplication as was originally thought, diaphragmatic crural closure has been documented to have a key role in re-establishing intra-abdominal esophageal length and contributing to the restoration of normal LES pressures. This progression from a crural-centric to a LES-centric approach and back has evolved along with our understanding of the reflux barrier and will continue to do so as more advances are made in the field. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of surgical techniques over the past century, highlighting key historical contributions that have shaped our management of GERD today.
The adaptability of the English ayre: secondary polyphonization techniques in Thomas Campion’s Two books of ayres
Authors: Tomova Kalina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The performance adaptability of the English ayre creates a unique opportunity for the study of Thomas Campion’s compositional style. Because of the possibility of performing these songs with a range of ensembles, Campion published his Two books of ayres not only with lute tablature and a part for the bass viol, but also with additional inner voices. The examples in this article show how Campion may have used the four-part chords from the lute versions of his songs as a skeleton of the musical texture while creating the additional inner voices. He achieved a more pronounced independence of the parts through methods for secondary polyphonization. The most frequently employed methods include the spreading out of chord notes horizontally, use of passing notes or imitation to fill in beats between chords, and changing the position of a chord. Rhythmic grouping of the parts is used in order to create contrast and diversity in the texture, which are also achieved through the introduction of staggered entries.
Conflicts of interest in electrophysiology and devices presentations
Authors: Camm C F , Crawford W , Prachee I , Olivarius-McAllister J , Schaefer A , Raouf Z , Bello A , Ginks M , Nicol E D 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsIndustry collaboration with arrhythmia and devices research is common. However, this results in conflicts of interest (CoI) for researchers that should be disclosed. This study aimed to examine the quality of CoI disclosures in arrhythmia and devices presentations.MethodsRecorded presentations from the Arrhythmia & Devices section of the ESC Annual Congress 2016–2020 were assessed. The number of words, conflicts, and time displayed was documented for CoI declarations. Meta-data including sponsorship by an industry partner, presenter sex, and institution were obtained.ResultsOf 1153 presentations assessed, 999 were suitable for inclusion. CoI statements were missing from 7.2% of presentations, and 58% reported ≥1 conflict. Those with conflicts spent less time-per-word on their disclosures (median 150 ms, interquartile range [IQR] 83–273 ms) compared with those without conflicts (median 250 ms, IQR 125–375 ms). One-in-eight presentations were sponsored (12.8%, n = 128). CoI statements were more likely to be missing in sponsored presentations (14.8%, n = 19) compared with non-sponsored presentations (6.1%, n = 53), P = 0.0003. Sponsored presentations contained a greater median number of CoIs (10, IQR 6–18) compared with non-sponsored sessions (1, IQR 0–5), P &lt; 0.0001. Time-per-word spent on COI disclosures was 50% lower in sponsored sessions (125 ms, IQR 75–231 ms) compared with non-sponsored sessions (250 ms, IQR 125–375 ms), P &lt; 0.0001.ConclusionThe majority of those presenting arrhythmia and devices research have CoIs to declare. Declarations were often missing or displayed for short periods of time. Presenters in sponsored sessions, while being more conflicted, had a lower standard of declaration suggesting a higher risk of potential bias which viewers had insufficient opportunity to assess.
3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: a single centre experience
Authors: Fluschnik Nina , Tahir Enver , Erley Jennifer , Müllerleile Kai , Metzner Andreas , Wenzel Jan-Per , Guerreiro Helena , Adam Gerhard , Blankenberg Stefan , Kirchhof Paulus , Tönnis Tobias , Nikorowitsch Julius 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThree Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides critical imaging information for many conditions. Owing to potential interactions of the magnetic field, it is largely withheld from patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Therefore, we assessed the safety of 3T MRI in patients with ‘3T MRI-conditional’ and ‘non-3T MRI-conditional’ CIEDs.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective single-centre analysis of clinically indicated 3T MRI examinations in patients with conventional pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization devices, and implanted defibrillators from April 2020 to May 2022. All CIEDs were interrogated and programmed before and after scanning. Adverse events included all-cause death, arrhythmias, loss of capture, inappropriate anti-tachycardia therapies, electrical reset, and lead or generator failure during or shortly after MRI. Changes in signal amplitude and lead impedance were systematically assessed. Statistics included median and interquartile range. A total of 132 MRI examinations were performed on a 3T scanner in 97 patients. Thirty-five examinations were performed in patients with ‘non-3T MRI-conditional’ CIEDs. Twenty-six scans were performed in pacemaker-dependent patients. No adverse events occurred during or shortly after MRI. P-wave or R-wave reductions ≥ 50 and ≥ 25%, respectively, were noted after three (2.3%) scans, all in patients with ‘3T MRI-conditional’ CIEDs. Pacing and shock impedance changed by ± 30% in one case (0.7%). Battery voltage and stimulation thresholds did not relevantly change after MRI.ConclusionPending verification in independent series, our data suggest that clinically indicated MRI scans at 3T field strength should not be withheld from patients with cardiac pacemakers or defibrillators.
Impact of antibiotic perturbation on fecal viral communities in mice
Authors: Moltzau Anderson Jacqueline , Lachnit Tim , Lipinski Simone , Falk-Paulsen Maren , Rosenstiel Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Viruses and bacteriophages have a strong impact on intestinal barrier function and the composition and functional properties of commensal bacterial communities. Shifts of the fecal virome might be involved in human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Loss-of-function variants in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) gene are associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease, a subtype of human chronic IBD, where specific changes in fecal viral communities have also been described. To improve our understanding of the dynamics of the enteric virome, we longitudinally characterized the virome in fecal samples from wild-type C57BL/6J and NOD2 knock-out mice in response to an antibiotic perturbation. Sequencing of virus-like particles demonstrated both a high diversity and high interindividual variation of the murine fecal virome composed of eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages. Antibiotics had a significant impact on the fecal murine virome. Viral community composition only partially recovered in the observation period (10 weeks after cessation of antibiotics) irrespective of genotype. However, compositional shifts in the virome and bacteriome were highly correlated, suggesting that the loss of specific phages may contribute to prolonged dysregulation of the bacterial community composition. We suggest that therapeutic interference with the fecal virome may represent a novel approach in microbiota-targeted therapies.
Frequency-dependent AVO inversion applied to physically based models for seismic attenuation
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Weibull Wiktor Waldemar , Quintal Beatriz , Grana Dario , Bhakta Tuhin 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYSeismic inversion of amplitude versus offset (AVO) data in viscoelastic media can potentially provide high-resolution subsurface models of seismic velocities and attenuation from offset/angle seismic gathers. P- and S-wave quality factors (Q), whose inverse represent a measure of attenuation, depend on reservoir rock and pore fluid properties, in particular, saturation, permeability, porosity, fluid viscosity and lithology; however, these quality factors are rarely taken into account in seismic AVO inversion. For this reason, in this work, we aim to integrate quality factors derived from physically based models in AVO inversion by proposing a gradient descent optimization-based inversion technique to predict the unknown model properties (P- and S-wave velocities, the related quality factors and density). The proposed inversion minimizes the non-linear least-squares misfit with the observed data. The optimal solution is iteratively obtained by optimizing the data misfit using a second-order limited-memory quasi-Newton technique. The forward model is performed in the frequency–frequency-angle domain based on a convolution of broad-band signals and a linearized viscoelastic frequency-dependent AVO (FAVO) equation. The optimization includes the adjoint-state-based gradients with the Lagrangian formulation to improve the efficiency of the non-linear seismic FAVO inversion process. The inversion is tested on synthetic seismic data, in 1-D and 2-D, with and without noise. The sensitivity for seismic quality factors is evaluated using various rock physics models for seismic attenuation and quality factors. The results demonstrate that the proposed inversion method reliably retrieves the unknown elastic and an-elastic properties with good convergence and accuracy. The stability of the inverse solution especially seismic quality factors estimation relies on the noise level of the seismic data. We further investigate the uncertainty of the solution as a function of the variability of the initial models.
Gaussian mixture models reveal highly diverse targeting tactics in a coastal fishing fleet
Authors: Liu Xiaozi , Hansen Cecilie , Nedreaas Kjell , Stockhausen Hans Hagen , Heino Mikko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fishermen make repeated choices with respect to when, where, and how to catch their target species. While these targeting tactics—and the factors shaping them—are known to fishers and some experts, knowledge about them is largely informal and not well utilized for management purposes. To formalize information on targeting tactics, we propose a set of methods combining model-based classification of target species with generalized linear models. We apply these methods to Norwegian coastal fishing vessels that caught Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as a part of their catch portfolio in 2019. The data contains nearly 32000 fishing trips by 761 vessels. Gaussian mixture models identify eight latent targeting tactics. Cod contributes significantly to three of the tactics. The Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, a measure of vessel-level diversity of tactics, shows that one quarter of the vessels had a specialized strategy (targeting cod plus at most one additional tactic). While cod is often studied as a single-species fishery, we show that cod-catching vessels can be engaged in relatively pure fisheries during some fishing trips but switch to different, often more mixed targets during other trips. We term this as “sequential mixed fisheries”. This is both a challenge and an opportunity for the fisheries management.