bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Co-infection with Cryptococcus Species and Pneumocystis jirovecii in an Old Patient Without a Previous Predisposing Illness
Authors: Huang Jinbao , Weng Heng , Lan Changqing , Li Hongyan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cryptococcosis and pneumocystosis are opportunistic infections which are more common in immunosuppressed individuals. Herein, we report a rare case of coinfection of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in a patient without a previous predisposing illness.
Case presentation A 76-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of cough, expectoration, shortness of breath, and fever. A chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple nodules with diffuse ground-glass opacities (GGOs) in both lungs. The patient was diagnosed as extrinsic allergic alveolitis (Pigeon breeder’s lung). After treatment with corticosteroids, the patient improved with significant absorption of GGOs on chest CT. However, pulmonary nodules gradually enlarged and such lesions could not be explained by EAA. Based on the positivity of serum cryptococcal antigen and pathological examination of lung nodule which confirmed the presence of Cryptococcus spores, PC was diagnosed later and fluconazole was administered. However, repeated chest CT performed about 2 months after antifungal treatment showed significantly increased GGOs in both lungs. The pathological examination of new lung lesions revealed the presence of P. jirovecii. The patient was finally diagnosed having coinfection of PC and PJP and sulfamethoxazole was further prescribed. Thereafter, the patient improved again with significant absorption of GGOs as noted on chest CT.

Conclusions
Concomitant PC and PJP is very rare, especially in a patient without a previous predisposing illness. Additionally, when pulmonary lesions cannot be completely explained by one kind of infectious disease, the possibility of mixed infection should be considered.
Moral Elites and the De-Paradoxification of Danish Social Policy Between Civil Society and State (1849–2022)
Authors: Sevelsted Anders 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article argues that in Denmark during the past 150 years, moral elites have been central in settling paradoxes within social policy by developing ‘classifications’ of citizens and sectors: who are deserving of help and what sector (public or third) should provide care. Contrary to widely held beliefs, historically, there is no logical or practical connection between ‘more deserving’ and ‘state support’. Theoretically, the article integrates elite scholarship and cultural sociology in developing a concept of moral elites’ power from—their sources of moral authority—and power to, the way that they have used their power to classify citizens and sectors. Empirically, the Danish moral elite and its involvement in social policy are analyzed based on secondary as well as primary historical sources. Findings: The development of the Danish moral elite has roots in the administrators of the nineteenth-century absolutist state: the clergy, medical doctors, and lawyers. Educational resources and state affiliation continue to be central to moral elite status. Economists have ascended to the top of the moral elite, while clergymen have dropped out. Three major classifications were developed during the period. ‘Help to self-help’ (late nineteenth century): deserving poor should receive help from private charity, while the public system should deter and discipline. ‘Rights’ (mid-twentieth century): the state should care for all, philanthropy mostly considered stigmatizing. ‘Workfare’ (late twentieth century to present): citizens are considered deserving as long as they are ‘active’, and sectors are considered equal in providing for citizens as long as they reach the economistic goal of activation.
How financially viable is smallholder forestry? A case study with a high-value tropical forestry species
Authors: Ota Liz , Page Tony , Viranamangga Rexon , Kalsakau Toufau , Herbohn John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates the financial performance and risk of high-value tropical forestry under the challenges faced by smallholders, using Vanuatu sandalwood as a case study. We developed a financial model to predict returns from smallholder-based sandalwood plantations. The model was used to investigate the following issues typically faced by smallholders: (i) what is the financial impact of smallholders harvesting trees at young ages because of fear of theft or cyclone damage? (ii) how does the opportunity cost of labour impact on the financial returns of sandalwood? and (iii) what are the current opportunities for smallholders to finance the establishment of sandalwood plantations and how might these be improved? Data were collected from expert interviews and relevant literature. We found that smallholder sandalwood can be a profitable investment, but tree security issues and environmental risks are leading to early harvest and an associated 64% reduction in potential returns. To improve the profitability and attractiveness of sandalwood plantations to smallholders, the following key issues must be addressed: (i) risks associated with tree theft need to be dramatically reduced; (ii) earlier returns from planting systems must be planned for smallholders with more immediate needs; and (iii) greater access to financial services is needed, including loans with competitive borrowing rates, particularly to increase the scale of planting for individual smallholders that might be constrained by labour. Theft mitigation can include fencing, patrolling, microchip tagging, all of which add significant maintenance cost. Formalised social and governance structures within and between villages, may be more cost-effective in improving tree security. Incorporating agricultural crops into systems helps produce earlier financial returns, and more rapid payback. Accessible loans can allow for upscaling of smallholder systems that are limited to household labour for plantation management, harvesting, and processing the logs.
Stärkung der Demokratien durch eine breitere Beteiligung?
Authors: Sebály Bernadett 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungCommunity Organizing ist ein neuer Ansatz für die Entwicklung der Zivilgesellschaft im post-sozialistischen Osteuropa. Mit einem starken Fokus auf die „Macht der Menschen“ und fortschrittliche Werte kann sie die bürgerliche und politische Kultur effektiv verändern. Für Länder, die von demokratischen Rückschritten und Autokratisierung betroffen sind, bietet sie ein Rezept für den Aufbau partizipativer, egalitärer Demokratien, die über die formalen Bedingungen der Rechtsstaatlichkeit hinausgehen.
Revisiting gendered parenting of adolescents: understanding its effects on psychosocial development
Authors: Dittman Cassandra K. , Sprajcer Madeline , Turley Emma L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Today’s adolescents are growing up in a unique sociocultural climate in which gender issues are highly prominent. Alongside new ways of understanding gender identity, there are persistent gender disparities in social, health and mental health outcomes despite increasingly egalitarian views and a significant public focus on sexual assault and gender-based violence. Given gender-differentiated outcomes emerge during adolescence, it is critical to revisit factors influencing adolescent gender development. It has been argued that gendered parenting, reflected in differences in parenting attitudes and behaviors directed towards boys and girls, influences gender development. While numerous studies have examined gendered parenting with children, there has been no previous synthesis of gendered parenting of adolescents. Method: The current narrative review presents an overview of research into gendered parenting of adolescents, including parental modelling, gendered environments, and specific parenting practices, and draws together the available research on how it impacts adolescents. Gendered parenting is also examined in the context of LGBTQI + and gender non-conforming adolescents. Results: There is limited research investigating the presence of gendered parenting of adolescents, and even less assessing its impact on adolescent psychosocial outcomes. The available literature suggests that there may be effects of gendered parenting on adolescents, particularly on their gender role attitudes and gender-typed behaviors. Conclusions: Future work is needed to better understand how gendered parenting of adolescents manifests in the family home. In addition, research is needed to examine the longitudinal impact of gendered parenting, particularly within non-traditional families, and across a range of sociocultural contexts.
Remote labs in higher engineering education: engaging students with active learning pedagogy
Authors: Van den Beemt Antoine , Groothuijsen Suzanne , Ozkan Leyla , Hendrix Will 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn engineering education laboratories serve as experiential learning aimed at engaging students. The past decades saw an increased use of online laboratories, including virtual and remote labs. Remote labs, providing online interfaces to physical labs, allow students to conduct experiments with real-world equipment anywhere and at any time. However, this advantage challenges active student engagement. Little evidence is available on effective pedagogies for student engagement in remote labs. This paper aims to identify how a remote lab assignment based on active learning pedagogy in higher engineering education supports student engagement, with the overarching aim to promote students’ transfer skills from theory to practice. Our research question, “What impact does an active learning pedagogy have on students’ engagement with a remote lab?“, was answered with a case study of two courses on systems and control in higher engineering education. Data included digital traces, course evaluations, interviews, and observations. Students reported how remote labs, to be used anywhere at any time, require self-regulation and scheduling of experiments. However, accompanying open-ended lab assignments encouraged students to engage with the lab and the theoretical content of the course by creating a ‘need-to-know.’ Our results furthermore suggest the need for a structured arrangement of open-ended lab assignment, lab preparation, teamwork supporting peer learning and discussion, progress meetings focused on feedback and formative assessment, and reports focused on reflection. Engagement can be strengthened by support for students before and during the experiments, clear signposting about the experiment and lab set-up, and pre-structuring of lab activities.
English Fluency Is Not Enough: My Journey to Cultural Competency
Authors: Jung Jinho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis reflection article shares insight from an immigrant who initially struggled with cultural differences between South Korea and the USA. Through his personal experiences and anecdotes from cross-cultural training, the author describes the importance of cultural competency to effectively communicate and treat diverse patient populations in the USA. Encouraging cultural discussions to recognize obvious and subtle cultural differences may help providers become better advocates for patients.
Ideal Discussants, Real Food: Questioning the Applicability of Public Reason Approach in Healthy Eating Policies
Authors: Zuolo Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHealthy eating policies have become a hot and thorny domain of public concern because they affect people’s liberties, life prospects, and public expenditures. However, what policies state institutions may legitimately enforce is a controversial matter. Is state paternalism for the sake of public health permissible? Could people be incentivized to eat in a healthier manner? Barnhill and Bonotti’s recent book (Healthy Eating Policy and Political Philosophy) tackle these issues (and others) in a manner that seeks to combine the liberal values of state neutrality and antipaternalism, as well as the effectiveness and legitimacy of food policies. To do so, they rely on the accessibility model of public reason. Although Barnhill and Bonotti’s proposal fills an important gap in the field and the accessibility model of public reason overcomes some strictures of the Rawlsian account, their account of public reason faces some practical challenges. Indeed, the institutionalization of their framework seems to need the figure of a moderator of a deliberative panel. However, this figure would create a tension between the public reason framework and the common requirements of deliberative accounts.
Improving accuracy of expected frequency of uncertain roles based on efficient ensembling
Authors: Naito Soshi , Fushimi Takayasu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study tackles the problem of extracting the node roles in uncertain graphs based on network motifs. Uncertain graphs are useful for modeling information diffusion phenomena because the presence or absence of edges is stochastically determined. In such an uncertain graph, the node role also changes stochastically according to the presence or absence of edges, so approximate calculation using a huge number of samplings is common. However, the calculation load is very large, even for a small graph. We propose a method to extract uncertain node roles with high accuracy and high speed by ensembling a large number of sampled graphs and efficiently searching for all other transitionable roles. This method provides highly accurate results compared to simple sampling and ensembling methods that do not consider the transition to other roles. In our evaluation experiment, we use real-world graphs artificially assigned uniform and non-uniform edge existence probabilities. The results show that the proposed method outperforms an existing method previously reported by the authors, which is the basis of the proposed method, as well as another current method based on the state-of-the-art algorithm, in terms of efficiency and accuracy.
Barriers to Genetic Testing Faced by Pediatric Subspecialists in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Abreu Nicolas J. , Chiujdea Madeline , Spence Sarah J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
While national medical guidelines recommend genetic testing for all individuals with non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is underutilization of genetic testing. This study aims to define the perspectives and approaches to initial genetic testing of ASD diagnosticians in order to improve utilization.

Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous online survey distributed to 59 staff neurologists, developmental-behavioral pediatricians, psychologists, post-graduate physician fellows, and nurse practitioners from a single academic medical center. Questions explored knowledge, attitudes, and practices of initial genetic testing for ASD among diagnosticians.

Results
Among the 30 respondents (51% response rate), a lack of comprehensive pre-test genetic counseling was identified and forgetfulness was the most prevalent reason for not recommending genetic testing (n = 7/23, 30%). Insurance prior authorization (PA) for genetic testing was a major barrier for clinicians. More than half of respondents (n = 13/25, 52%) reported being uncomfortable with the PA process.

Conclusions
Variability in knowledge and practices among ASD diagnosticians regarding genetic testing was identified. Therefore, potential interventions like clinician and administrative staff education, as well as genetic counselor integration into ASD clinics, may be useful to improve genetic testing utilization.
Multi-Scale Modeling of the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Cast Iron
Authors: Mohammadpour A. , Geers M. G. D. , Kouznetsova V. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work presents a multi-scale modelling framework for thermo-mechanical behaviour of Compacted Graphite Iron cast iron. A general thermo-elasto-visco-plastic model is developed to describe the matrix (pearlite) behavior under thermo-mechanical cyclic loading, for which the parameters are identified from tests on pearlitic steel. The pearlite model takes into account the temperature dependent rate-dependency and kinematic hardening. The importance of properly accounting for the graphite anisotropy is emphasised, for which a numerical procedure for estimating the local anisotropy directions from the graphite particle geometry and experimental observations is proposed. A high quality conforming finite element mesh is generated on a representative volume element using discrete voxelized microstructural data in combination with signed distance functions from the interfaces. For fully constraint thermal cyclic loading conditions with different holding times, the capabilities of the developed multi-scale model are demonstrated at both scales: the macroscale, where the simulation results are in very good agreement with the experimental data, and the microscale, providing the evolution of local fields.
Dynamic recruitment of UFM1-specific peptidase 2 to the DNA double-strand breaks regulated by WIP1
Authors: Qin Bo , Yu Jia , Zhao Fei , Huang Jinzhou , Zhou Qin , Lou Zhenkun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ufmylation ligase-UFL1 promotes ATM activation by monoufmylating H4 at K31 in a positive-feedback loop after double-strand breaks (DSB) occur, whereas UFM1 Specific Peptidase 2 (UfSP2) suppresses ATM activation, but the mechanism of recruitment of UfSP2 to the DSB finetuning DNA damage response is still not clear. Here, we report that UfSP2 foci formation is delayed compared to UFL1 foci formation following the radiation insult. Mechanistically, UfSP2 binds to the MRN complex in absence of DSB. Irradiation-induced phosphorylation of UfSP2 by ATM leads to the dissociation of UfSP2 from the MRN complex. This phosphorylation can be removed by the phosphatase WIP1, thereby UfSP2 is recruited to the DSBs, deufmylating H4 and suppressing ATM activation. In summary, we identify a mechanism of delicately negative modulation of ATM activation by UfSP2 and rewires ATM activation pathways.
Analytical Solution to the Radiotherapy Fractionation Problem Including Dose Bound Constraints
Authors: Fernández Luis A. , Fernández Lucía 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the classic radiotherapy dose fractionation problem for cancer tumors concerning the following goals:

To maximize the effect of radiation on the tumor, restricting the effect produced to an organ at risk (healing approach).

To minimize the effect of radiation on one organ at risk, while maintaining enough effect of radiation on the tumor (palliative approach).

We will assume the linear-quadratic model to characterize the radiation effect without considering the tumor repopulation between doses. The main novelty with respect to previous works concerns the presence of minimum and maximum dose fractions, to achieve the minimum effect and to avoid undesirable side effects, respectively. We have characterized in which situations is more convenient the hypofractionated protocol (deliver few fractions with high dose per fraction) and in which ones the hyperfractionated regimen (deliver a large number of lower doses of radiation) is the optimal strategy. In all cases, analytical solutions to the problem are obtained in terms of the data.
Identity Matters: Validation of the Professional Identification Scale in a Sample of Teachers in South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pretorius Tyrone B. , Padmanabhanunni Anita , Isaacs Serena Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Professional identity has been linked to organizational outcomes such as job performance and commitment, as well as health and well-being indices such as burnout and depression. Professional identity is a powerful mechanism that can be affected by social and environmental factors. It is therefore important to establish a reliable and valid measurement of professional identity that is useful in different contexts. The current study examines the psychometric properties of Brown’s Professional Identification Scale (PIS) using three different but complementary approaches: classical test theory, Mokken analysis, and Rasch analysis. The study participants (N = 355), school teachers recruited from all over South Africa, completed the PIS, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Teacher Satisfaction Scale. The reliability and validity of a reduced 8-item version of the PIS was confirmed. Mokken and Rasch analyses indicated that the scale consists of more than one dimension, and classical test theory (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) supported a two-factor structure. Ancillary bifactor indices indicated that professional pride and professional discontent explained a sufficient amount of the variance over and above that explained by the professional identity as a total scale. Overall, the findings support an 8-item PIS for use in a South African teacher population.
Learning by teaching technological knowledge: conceptual skill development in Japanese overseas subsidiaries
Authors: Fujioka Yutaka , Kambayashi Norio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, knowledge transfer studies have produced a great deal of knowledge on technology transfer in MNCs. However, these studies have focused exclusively on the effects on the recipients of knowledge and not on the effects on the suppliers of knowledge. To fill this research gap in previous studies, this study takes the concept of “learning by teaching” proposed in pedagogy as a clue and demonstrates for the first time the effects on the suppliers of technological knowledge. This study (1) sets the international horizontal transfer of production technology systems among overseas subsidiaries as the research object, (2) obtains original data from 391 Japanese multinational manufacturing subsidiaries through a mail questionnaire survey, and (3) analyses the data through multiple regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results revealed that overseas subsidiaries of MNCs can make their production technology systems explicit (making them easier to teach) through technical guidance and thereby develop the conceptual skills of their engineers and operators. The results of this study open up the possibility of developing theories on (1) updating the knowledge base at the supplier of knowledge and (2) building the relationship between the supplier and the teaching materials in knowledge transfer.
Reflections to Advance the Collaborative Production of Knowledge and Protection of Archaeological Heritage in Uruguay
Authors: Suárez Rafael , Malán Maira , Vallvé Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Uruguay, there are records of archaeological collections at least since Darwin's visit in 1832. Since then, the role of collections and collectors has been changing in relation to official institutions, researchers, and professional archaeologists. In the years following the creation of the university degree in anthropology, during the 1980s and 1990s, academic and official speeches considered collectors one of the greatest threats to the development of the discipline in the country. Their collections were seen as useless for research, and it was argued that they had no context. New generations of archaeologists have been reversing this situation, redefining the research of archaeological collections and reviewing the relationships and interactions with nonacademic stakeholders. We present some of our experiences here, based on students’ training in this line of work, the integration of responsible and responsive collectors in the research process and site conservation, the collaborative register of archaeological sites, and the promotion of donation or conservation of collections (avoiding commercialization). We propose possible work methodologies at the national level, such as the formation of research groups, which involve the coparticipation of different stakeholders, the development of a professional code of ethics, and changes in legislation.