bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galen and the Sophists
Authors: Nutton Vivian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Galen’s relationship to the sophist movement is a familiar theme. This paper looks at the development of modern ideas on the subject and offers some new ways of linking him with authors such as Plutarch and Lucian. Not only was he a public intellectual, but his position at court placed him as close to the centre of imperial power as did that of an ab epistulis, and to possible obloquy, not least in the years around 192.
Virgilian Intertexts and Ironic Pathos in Propertius 2.16
Authors: Dainotti Paolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Starting from an allusion to Eclogue 1 in Propertius 2.16, the article provides a new interpretation of the entire elegy in the light of the complex intertextual play which pervades the whole poem. Eclogues 1 and 10, the Georgics and even Horace are here combined with allusions to Comedy and evoked only to be subverted and parodied in a piece of Callimachean poetry, full of ‘metaliterary’ irony.
Material Muslim Authority: Danish Debates about Religious Markets
Authors: Fischer Johan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The increasing visibility of halal (meat) products in non-Muslim countries, such as Denmark, highlights the central and controversial role of Muslim authority in the regulation/certification of halal products along two axes: Muslims/non-Muslims and divergent Muslim groups/organisations. Using qualitative data gathered through participant observation and interviews conducted at Muslim organisations and businesses in and around Copenhagen, I argue that halal production and regulation is a constructive lens through which to explore why and how Muslim authority and legitimacy are generated and contested in contemporary Denmark. Muslim authority within the halal market evidently emerges at the interface between local and international Muslim organisations/certifiers, the state and consumers.
Tariq Ramadan: A Voice for Decoloniality in France and in Morocco
Authors: van de Bovenkamp Ellen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dominance of social media has made religious authority temporary and fragmentised. Tariq Ramadan’s rise to fame in Morocco cannot be disconnected from the particular position he had in France as a controversial figure who spoke up for Muslims in many heated debates. Fieldwork in Morocco shows that the religious practices and points of view of fans of Tariq Ramadan bear similarities to those of youngsters in other countries. Although Islam is a shared interest, politics and postcoloniality play an important role in his popularity.
The article demonstrates the importance of engagement with social, cultural and political issues as an indispensable constituent of authority, and argues that Moroccan fans of Ramadan are sensitive to the manner in which he criticises postcolonial power structures. The need to deconstruct neo-colonial structures and discourses is felt by French and Moroccan Muslims alike.
Islamic Authority and Centres of Knowledge Production in Europe
Authors: Bano Masooda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The centrality of the Qurʾan and Hadith (reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Prophet Muhammad) in Islamic teachings has resulted in a rich tradition of textual scholarship. Scholars trained in the major Islamic sciences at the leading centres of Islamic learning command a high degree of influence over how Muslims understand their faith. Yet the authority exercised by Islamic scholars is not only contingent on their demonstration of loyalty to the text but also depends on their ability to relate Islamic teaching to social reality. This article shows how the changing socio-economic profile and attitudes of second- and third-generation Muslim immigrants are marking a gradual shift away from textual literalism within Islamic centres of learning in Europe: scholars demonstrating an ability to relate Islam to European reality are gaining visible traction among young European Muslims.
Religious Authority and Family Dispute Resolution among Moroccan Muslims in the Netherlands
Authors: Muradin Arshad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article aims to provide an insight into how ‘ordinary’ Muslims look for workable solutions to family and marital disputes in line with their cultural and religious values. More specifically, it looks into the informal processes of reconciliation (sulh) with the assistance of imams of local mosques, primarily among Muslims with Moroccan roots in the Netherlands. Relevant questions that are addressed are: What types of disputes are settled within the (religious) community? Who are the authorities involved? How do they obtain, claim or create authority? Why do Muslim women and men choose these processes over formal litigation? What do they hope to gain from these processes? And what kind of solutions are offered to disputants?
“Norway is like a hospital”: Vehicles for (Re-)Constructing the Nationhood Among Polish Immigrants in Oslo
Authors: Pawlak Marek 
Published: February 2022

“Norway is like a hospital”: Vehicles for (Re-)Constructing the Nationhood Among Polish Immigrants in OsloThe article is a general anthropological survey of the complex issues of the Polish diaspora in Norway. The reflections and interpretations are based on the fieldwork conducted by the author among Polish economic immigrants in Oslo during the summer of 2009 for the interdisciplinary academic project CULCOM (Cultural Complexity in the New Norway). The main goal of the fieldwork was to examine the tools for reconstructing the nationhood in immigrants’ everyday life, as well as the particular nationalism shaped via social and economic class, gender relations and particular cultural background.The present article, however, focuses only on the first issue. Therefore, it deals with the most banal aspects of immigrants’ daily routine which at first glance seem to be irrelevant and less important. Yet, by adopting an anthropological perspective one may observe that the same daily practices involve various and complex moments of national identification. As a result, the article describes and analyzes the national praxis of Polish immigrant workers living in one of the Oslo districts. What seems to be interesting is the specific process of constructing the hermetic and national space by the immigrants in the context of Norwegian reality. This process, in turn, includes various tools of banal nationalism. „Norwegia jest jak szpital”. (Re-)konstrukcja tożsamości narodowej polskich imigrantów w OsloArtykuł jest ogólnym spojrzeniem na problematykę polskiej diaspory w Norwegii. Podstawą refleksji są badania antropologiczne przeprowadzone przez autora wśród polskich imigrantów ekonomicznych w Oslo latem 2009 roku w ramach interdyscyplinarnego projektu CULCOM (Cultural Complexity in the New Norway). Głównym celem badań terenowych była zarówno analiza procesów rekonstrukcji tożsamości narodowej w życiu codziennym imigrantów, jak i próba spojrzenia na fenomen nacjonalizmu w kontekście kategorii społeczno-kulturowych (takich, jak klasa społeczna, gender itd.).Sam artykuł natomiast podejmuje różne, banalne wręcz kwestie codzienności polskich imigrantów, które jednak po dokładniejszej analizie ukazują wielość i złożoność procesów tożsamościowych. W konsekwencji, opisana i zinterpretowana została tu narodowa praxis polskich robotników budowlanych zamieszkujących jedną z dzielnic Oslo. Istotne wydaje się tutaj tworzenie przez moich informatorów hermetycznej, narodowej przestrzeni w kontekście norweskiej rzeczywistości, w której można zauważyć wiele narzędzi i praktyk banalnego nacjonalizmu.
Język jako zjawisko polityczne
Authors: Rykiel Zbigniew 
Published: February 2022

Language as a Political PhenomenonReview of: Roman Szul, Język, naród, państwo: Język jako zjawisko polityczne [Language, Nation, State: Language as a Political Phenomenon], Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN 2009. Język jako zjawisko polityczneRecenzja: Roman Szul, Język, naród, państwo: Język jako zjawisko polityczne, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN 2009.
Wykluczenie etniczne w Polsce
Authors: Głuszkowski Michał 
Published: February 2022

Ethnic Exclusion in PolandReview of: Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania, Sławomir Łodziński (eds.), Obszary i formy wykluczenia etnicznego w Polsce: Mniejszości narodowe, imigranci, uchodźcy [Realms and Forms of Ethnic Exclusion in Poland: National Minorities, Immigrants, Refugees], Warszawa: Scholar 2009. Wykluczenie etniczne w PolsceRecenzja: Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania, Sławomir Łodziński (red.), Obszary i formy wykluczenia etnicznego w Polsce: Mniejszości narodowe, imigranci, uchodźcy, Warszawa: Scholar 2009.
Krakowski dziennik „Czas” o chorwackich roszczeniach do Bośni i Hercegowiny w dobie „wielkiego kryzysu wschodniego” (1875–1878)
Authors: Gucka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

Cracow’s Journal Czas on Croatian Territorial Claims to Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Time of the Great Eastern Crisis, 1875–1878The conservative journal Czas [Time], which appeared in Cracow, covered the course of a political, and later also military, crisis in the Balkans in 1875–1878. The conflict focused on Austria, Turkey and Serbia’s disputes over the future status of Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of the intriguing and less known aspects associated with these events were Croatian territorial aspirations in Bosnia. This demand grew stronger and stronger and was openly articulated by political and intellectual circles in Zagreb. The article aims to show how Czas, the most important Polish-language journal in this region, approached the topic of Croatian territorial claims, how these events were commented on and what parallels were found between the course of events in the Balkans and the contemporaneous situation in the Polish lands. The present review enables us to understand better the attitudes of eminent representatives of Cracow’s elite as well as the opinion of the popular strata of the local community on the issue of independence and territorial ambitions of the fellow nation of Croatia.
„Tęsknię za tobą, Żydzie” – spory o polską wizję Zagłady
Authors: Pałka Damian 
Published: February 2022

“I miss you, Jew”: Debates about the Polish Vision of the HolocaustReview of: Piotr Forecki, Od Shoah do Strachu: Spory o polsko-żydowską przeszłość i pamięć w debatach publicznych [From Shoah to Fear: Disputes about the Polish-Jewish Past and Memory in Public Debates], Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie 2010. „Tęsknię za tobą, Żydzie” – spory o polską wizję ZagładyRecenzja: Piotr Forecki, Od Shoah do Strachu: Spory o polsko-żydowską przeszłość i pamięć w debatach publicznych, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie 2010.
Alterations of DNA methylation and mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Liu Aixiang , Li Xin , Hao Zhongsuo , Cao Jingjing , Li Huan , Sun Min , Zhang Zhihong , Liang Ruifeng , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: February 2022

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a known human carcinogen and plays a major function in the initiation of lung cancer at its first proximity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are less well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of B[a]P treatment on the DNA methylation and mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBEs), and provide scientific evidence for the mechanism study on the carcinogenesis of B[a]P. We treated 16HBEs with DMSO or concentrations of B[a]P at 1, 2, and 5 mmol/L for 24 h, observed the morphological changes, determined the cell viability, DNA methylation, and mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1. Compared to the DMSO controls, B[a]P treatment had significantly increased the neoplastic cell number and cell viability in 16HBEs at all three doses (1, 2, and 5 mmol/L), and had significantly reduced the CYP1A1 and GSTP1 DNA promoter methylation levels. Following B[a]P treatment, the GSTM1 promoter methylation level in 16HBEs was profoundly reduced at low dose group compared to the DMSO controls, yet it was significantly increased at both middle and high dose groups. The mRNA levels of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 were significantly decreased in 16HBEs following B[a]P treatment at all three doses. The findings demonstrate that B[a]P promoted cell proliferation in 16HBEs, which was possibly related to the altered DNA methylations and the inhibited mRNA levels in CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1.
Shenfu Administration Improves Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats With Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Through Adenosine A2a Receptor Activation
Authors: Guo Fangming , Wang Xiaohuan , Guo Yuanying , Wan Weiping , Cui Yanfang , Wang Jie , Liu Wenbo 
Published: February 2022

Objective Shenfu injection (SFI) is commonly used for cardiac dysfunction in China. Adenosine receptors have been reported to exert anti-fibrosis effects. The intent of this study was to evaluate that SFI attenuates cardiac fibrosis through activating of adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). Methods Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups, nine rats in each group. Injections in all rat groups were carried out prior to reperfusion, and in the sham and MI/R groups, only vehicle was injected. Injections in the remaining group were as follows: 5 mL/kg in the SFI group; 15 mg/kg nicorandil in the A2R agonist group; and 5 mL/kg SFI plus 5 mg/kg MSX-3 in the SFI + A2aR antagonist group. Changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the development of myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis were documented among the groups. Additionally, the levels of A2aR, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured. Results Following injection with SFI or nicorandil, the cAMP concentration, infarct area, and cardiac fibrosis induced by MI/R injury were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, fibronectin, and MMP-9 were clearly suppressed by SFI or nicorandil when compared with the MI/R group ( p<0.01). However, the protective effects of SFI were counteracted by MSX-3. A negative correlation between A2aR and collagen I and collagen III was found ( p = 0.00). Conclusion SFI activated the A2aR to reduce myocardial fibrosis caused by MI/R injury, which provided an underlying mechanism of action of SFI.
Preparation and characterization of polyurethane rubber/polypropylene-based thermoplastics vulcanizates nanocomposites with succinic anhydride intercalated layered double hydroxide
Authors: Moshkriz Ali , Darvishi Reza 
Published: February 2022

Herein, a novel polypropylene/polyurethane rubber (PP/PUR) was prepared based on thermoplastics vulcanizates (TPV)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposite in the presence of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylsuccinic anhydride (SSA) intercalated LDH (SSA-LDH). The effect of SSA-LDH was explored on thermo-mechanical, thermal, morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties as well as gel content, compression set, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and cross-linking density (CLD) of TPV based on PP/PUR with the weight ratio of 40/60. It was found that the crystallization, tensile strength, gel content, cross-linking density, young’s modulus, elongation at break, melting point, and damping factor significantly changed with increasing SSA-LDH content in PUR/PP TPVs. The reasons could be attributed to cross-linking induced by SSA-LDH and curing agent Bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (also called (Si-69)) that grafted onto PUR chains, resulting in good dispersion of fine PUR vulcanized particles into PP matrix. This claim was confirmed by studying the rheological properties through Rheometeric mechanical spectroscopy and dynamic-mechanical analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscope images confirmed the improved compatibility between PUR and PP by adding SSA-LDH. The gel content and CLD of TPV samples without SSA-LDH were 20% and 2.75 mol/mL, respectively, which showed a significant increment to 25.5% and 4.5 mol/L upon adding 5 wt. % SSA-LDH. The highest elongation at break, tensile strength, and young’s modulus were 525%, 16.5 MPa, and 210 MPa, respectively which were observed for TPV5.
Experimental investigation on thermal performance of water wall systems exposed to fire
Authors: Rathnayake Uthpala , Karunaratne Tharindu LW , Han Shousou , Lau Denvid , Chow Cheuk L 
Published: February 2022

Water wall systems (WWSs) are increasingly being used as glass façades in modern green buildings owing to their enhancement in building energy efficiency. However, little is known about their performance when exposed to fire. In this study, 500 × 1000 mm2 sized water wall systems with 30 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm thick water columns were tested and compared to the thermal performance of a 500 × 1000 mm2 sized single skin glass façade system. These façade systems were heated by a 400 × 600 mm2 isopropanol pool fire. The distance from the pan centre to pane 1 of the façade was 350 mm. Time to first crack and surface temperatures were measured. The experimental results indicate that single skin glass façades are more vulnerable to cracking than water wall systems, but exposed glass pane fallout can easily occur in water wall systems compared to single skin façades. Since the overall performance is dependent on the failure of the fire unexposed glass pane, water wall systems are more fire resistant than single skin glass façades. The water layer thickness significantly affects the WWS thermal performance, where a 50 mm thick water layer would result in a longer time to first crack. The experimental findings of this study are useful for developing practical guidelines for fire-safe glass façade designs.
Digital habits of pulmonary rehabilitation service-users following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Polgar Oliver , Patel Suhani , Walsh Jessica A , Barker Ruth E , Ingram Karen A , Kon Samantha SC , Man William DC , Nolan Claire M 
Published: February 2022

Objective We previously demonstrated low levels of digital literacy amongst pulmonary rehabilitation service-users prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify whether the pandemic accelerated digital literacy in this population, resulting in greater acceptance of remote web-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme models. Methods We surveyed digital access and behaviours and pulmonary rehabilitation delivery preferences of service-users referred to pulmonary rehabilitation in 2021 (cohort 2021) and propensity score-matched them to a cohort who completed the survey in 2020 (cohort 2020). Results There were indicators that digital access and confidence were better amongst the Cohort 2021 but no difference was seen in the proportion of patients choosing remote web-based pulmonary rehabilitation as an acceptable method of receiving pulmonary rehabilitation. Conclusion In an unselected cohort of service-users, remote web-based pulmonary rehabilitation was considered acceptable in only a minority of patients which has implications on healthcare commissioning and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation.
Enhancement of Acylcarnitine Levels in Small Intestine of Abdominal Irradiation Rats Might Relate to Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Pathway Disequilibration
Authors: Liu Hai-Xiang , Lu Xue , Zhao Hua , Li Shuang , Gao Ling , Tian Mei , Liu Qing-Jie 
Published: February 2022

Objective This study aims to analyze the alteration of carnitine profile in the small intestine of abdominal irradiation-induced intestinal injury rats and explore the possible reason for the altered carnitine profile. Methods The abdomens of 15 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were irradiated with 0, 10, and 15 Gy of 60Co gamma rays. The carnitine profile in the small intestine and plasma samples of SD rats at 72 h after abdominal irradiated with 0 Gy or 10 Gy of 60Co gamma rays were measured by targeted metabolomics. The changes of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), including the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, were analyzed in the small intestine samples of SD rats after exposed to 0, 10, and 15 Gy groups. Results There were eleven acylcarnitines in the small intestine and fourteen acylcarnitines in the plasma of the rat model significantly enhanced, respectively (P < .05). The expression level and activity of CPT1 in the small intestine were remarkably increased (P < .05), and the activity of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the small intestine was noticeably reduced (P < .01) after abdominal irradiation. Conclusion The enhanced acylcarnitine levels in the small intestine of abdominal irradiation rats might relate to the FAO pathway disequilibration.
Knowledge and compliance to prevention of central line-associated blood stream infections among registered nurses in Jordan
Authors: Matlab Abd Alrahman , Al-Hussami Mahmoud Ogla , Alkaid Albqoor Maha 
Published: February 2022

Background Central line-associated bloods tream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Aims To assess the rates of CLABSIs and to investigate predictors of knowledge and compliance of registered nurses to central venous catheters (CVCs) maintenance care bundle in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods A cross-sectional correlational design was used. A convenient sample of 114 registered nurses was selected from three hospitals in Jordan. Nurses’ knowledge and compliance were measured by previously established measures and an observational checklist developed according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Findings The rate of CLABSI was the lowest in the hospital that applies the CVC bundle of care. Nurses’ knowledge about CLABSI prevention practices was significantly correlated with their compliance to CVCs maintenance care bundle. Nurses’ knowledge differed bytheirage, income, experience in ICU, and nurse-to-patient ratio, and in multiple regressions, age was the single predictor of knowledge of CLABSI prevention. Significant differences were also found in nurses’ compliance to the CVC care bundle according to the hospital and nurse-to-patient ratio. The nurse-to-patient ratio was the single significant predictor, and it attenuated the effect of age and income on nurse’s compliance to the CVC care bundle. Conclusion This study indicated the need to expand the application of the CVC maintenance care bundle in hospitals. Programs that target promoting nurses’ knowledge about CLABSI prevention and compliance to CVC care need to consider some factors, such as nurses’ age and the circumstances of their work (nurse-to-patient ratio).