bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of ammonium acquisition and use in Oryza longistaminata ramets under nitrogen source heterogeneity
Authors: Kawai Misato , Tabata Ryo , Ohashi Miwa , Honda Haruno , Kamiya Takehiro , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Oishi Shunsuke , Okamoto Satoru , Hachiya Takushi , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice, vegetatively reproduces and forms a networked clonal colony consisting of ramets connected by rhizomes. Although water, nutrients, and other molecules can be transferred between ramets via the rhizomes, inter-ramet communication in response to spatially heterogeneous nitrogen availability is not well understood. We studied the response of ramet pairs to heterogeneous nitrogen availability using a split hydroponic system that allowed each ramet root to be exposed to different conditions. Ammonium uptake was compensatively enhanced in the sufficient-side root when roots of the ramet pairs were exposed to ammonium-sufficient and ammonium-deficient conditions. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that a gene regulatory network for effective ammonium assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis was activated in the sufficient-side roots. Allocation of absorbed nitrogen from the nitrogen-sufficient to the nitrogen-deficient ramets was rather limited. Nitrogen was preferentially used for newly growing axillary buds on the sufficient-side ramets. Biosynthesis of trans-zeatin (tZ), a cytokinin, was upregulated in response to the nitrogen supply, but tZ appeared not to target the compensatory regulation. Our results also implied that the O. longistaminata putative ortholog of rice (Oryza sativa) C-terminally encoded peptide1 plays a role as a nitrogen-deficient signal in inter-ramet communication, providing compensatory upregulation of nitrogen assimilatory genes. These results provide insights into the molecular basis for efficient growth strategies of asexually proliferating plants growing in areas where the distribution of ammonium ions is spatially heterogeneous.
Transcription factor dynamics in plants: Insights and technologies for in vivo imaging
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Lu Yuqing , El Sayyed Hafez , Bian Jiahui , Lin Jinxing , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Biochemical and genetic approaches have been extensively used to study transcription factor (TF) functions, but their dynamic behaviors and the complex ways in which they regulate transcription in plant cells remain unexplored, particularly behaviors such as translocation and binding to DNA. Recent developments in labeling and imaging techniques provide the necessary sensitivity and resolution to study these behaviors in living cells. In this review, we present an up-to-date portrait of the dynamics and regulation of TFs under physiologically relevant conditions and then summarize recent advances in fluorescent labeling strategies and imaging techniques. We then discuss future prospects and challenges associated with the application of these techniques to examine TFs’ intricate dance in living plants.
Examining the Spatial Distribution and Contextual Correlates of Body-worn Camera Adoption in the USA
Authors: Lawshe Nathaniel L , Zimmerman Gregory M , Stowell Jacob 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Body-worn cameras have proliferated in law enforcement agencies over the past decade. Yet, studies examining the relevance of place for body-worn camera adoption are sparse. This study investigated the spatial distribution and contextual correlates of body-worn cameras in the USA. Using data from the 2016, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey linked to the 2016 American Community Survey, this study examined spatial dependence in body-worn camera adoption across US counties and whether higher levels of concentrated disadvantage in an agency’s jurisdiction increased the odds of body-worn camera adoption. LISA (local indicator of spatial association) and colocation maps indicated that counties with body-worn cameras and high levels of concentrated disadvantage were clustered and colocated almost entirely in southern states. Two-level logistic hierarchical models indicated that county-level disadvantage played key roles in predicting body-worn camera adoption. Findings suggest that research should account for the context in which body-worn cameras are adopted.
Are patients’ fears of catching COVID-19 during an emergency hospital admission with an acute urological problem justified?—A UK epicentre experience
Authors: Gbolahan Olayinka , Bonatsos Vasileios , Mukherjee Subhabrata , Raza Asif 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
To establish the risk of catching COVID-19 as urology emergency inpatient and assess patients’ fears and attitudes towards seeking help.

Methods
A single-centre retrospective study of urological emergency admissions was conducted over a 10-week period in 2019 and compared to same period of 2020 pandemic. Also, a telephone survey was performed based on a COVID-19 fear questionnaire.

Results
In-hospital, infection rate was 0.82% during or within 28 days of discharge with no related mortality. The majority of patients were afraid to visit A&E during the pandemic with less being afraid to visit their GPs; 64% were reluctant to seek medical input by trying self-treatment; 56% admitted intentional delay to visit the hospital. Additionally, 56% considered risk of getting COVID-19 was higher rather than leaving their condition untreated. Interestingly, the vast majority (82%) stated that they would not change approach regarding hospital visits if the same situation occurred.

Conclusions
The risk of contracting COVID 19 while a urology in patient in a COVID-19 epicentre was very low with no COVID-19-related mortality. Our data support that patients should be encouraged to attend rather than stay at home during future surges in the pandemic to prevent further non–COVID-19-related harm.
Prevalence of frailty in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and association with health-related quality of life, cognition and sarcopenia
Authors: Sattui Sebastian E , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Lally Lindsay , Lieber Sarah B , Mandl Lisa A , Spiera Robert F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To describe the prevalence of frailty in a single-centre cohort of patients with PMR and describe its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cognition and sarcopenia.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of patients with PMR, according to 2012 EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria, presenting within 12 months of diagnosis and on treatment with glucocorticoids. Frailty was defined according to the Fried frailty criteria. HRQoL was assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Computerized Adaptive Test (PROMIS-CAT) and cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Sarcopenia was measured by DXA.

Results
Forty-one patients were enrolled. Prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 17% and 59%, respectively. Frail patients had higher inflammatory markers at diagnosis compared with pre-frail and robust patients. Of 27 patients with DXA results, 26% were sarcopenic. Frail patients had worse physical function, and more pain behaviour and interference compared with pre-frail and robust patients. In univariable analyses, frail patients were more likely to have worse physical function, and more pain behaviour and pain interference, which remained significant after adjusting for age. There were no significant associations between cognition or sarcopenia and frailty.

Conclusions
In this cohort of PMR patients, there was a higher prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty compared with that reported in community-dwelling elderly. Frailty was associated with worse physical function, and increased pain behaviour and pain interference, differences that were also clinically meaningful. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and analyse the association of frailty with other PMR disease outcomes.
Non-criteria manifestations in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in a paediatric cohort
Authors: Morán-Álvarez Patricia , Andreu-Suárez África , Caballero-Mota Liz , Gassiot-Riu Susanna , Berrueco-Moreno Rubén , Calzada-Hernández Joan , Antón-López Jordi , Vázquez-Díaz Mónica , Boteanu Alina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To identify the variables associated with the development of non-criteria manifestations in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in a paediatric cohort.

Methods
Multicentric historical cohort study of children under the age of 18 years to determine thrombotic events (TEs) and non-criteria manifestations in the presence of aPL.

Results
Eighty-two children were included; 8.5% had at least one TE and 69.5% at least one non-criteria manifestation. Of them, 96.5% did not associate TEs. Haematological manifestations were the most frequent (43.65%), followed by cutaneous (22%), neurological (15.9%) and cardiac (4.9%) events. The most frequent aPLs were: 77.8% LA; 42.7% aCL and 41.5% aβ2GP. The positivity rate was: 64.6% simple, 18.3% double and 17.1% triple. ANA positivity was 68.1%. A bivariate analysis revealed that children with IgM aCL+, IgM aβ2GP+, ANA+, an SLE diagnosis or the absence of TEs had a significantly higher percentage of non-criteria manifestations (P &lt;0.05). The logistic regression showed family history of autoimmune diseases [odds ratio (OR) 4.26, 95% CI: 0.8, 22.2, P =0.086] and the absence of TEs (OR 17.18, 95% CI: 1.2, 244.6, P =0.03) as independent risk factors of developing non-criteria manifestations. An SLE diagnosis, aPL profile and ANA+ were not identified.

Conclusion
Non-criteria manifestations were more frequent than TEs. A positive family history of autoimmune diseases and the absence of TEs were associated with a higher risk of developing non-criteria manifestations. Therefore, their inclusion as APS classification criteria should be considered in order to get an improved prognosis in the paediatric population.
Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida
Authors: de Carle Danielle Božena , Gajda Łukasz , Bielecki Aleksander , Cios Stanisław , Cichocka Joanna M , Golden Heidi E , Gryska Andrew D , Sokolov Sergey , Shedko Marina Borisowna , Knudsen Rune , Utevsky Serge , Świątek Piotr , Tessler Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcanthobdellida gnaw into the sides of salmonid fishes in frigid Arctic lakes and rivers, latching on with fearsome facial hooks. Sister to leeches, they are an ancient lineage with two described species. Unfortunately, Acanthobdellida are rarely collected, leading to a paucity of literature despite their unique morphology. Populations range from Eurasia to Alaska (USA), but few specimens of Acanthobdella peledina are represented in molecular studies, and no molecular data exist for Paracanthobdella livanowi, making their taxonomic position difficult to assess. We use phylogenetics and morphology to determine whether allopatric populations of A. peledina are distinct species and assess the current classification scheme used for Acanthobdellida. We produce a new suborder, Acanthobdelliformes, to match the taxonomy within Hirudinea. Scanning electron micrographs indicate species-level differences in the anterior sucker and facial hooks; molecular phylogenetics mirrors this divergence between species. We assign both species to the family Acanthobdellidae and abandon the family Paracanthobdellidae. Alaskan and European A. peledina populations are morphologically similar, but appear phylogenetically divergent. Our data strongly suggest that members of the order Acanthobdellida diverged relatively recently in their ancient history, but based on genetic distance, this divergence appears to pre-date the most recent cycles of glaciation.
Intravascular Versus Surface Cooling in Patients Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis With Focus on Temperature Feedback
Authors: Ramadanov Nikolai , Arrich Jasmin , Klein Roman , Herkner Harald , Behringer Wilhelm 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of intravascular cooling (IC), surface cooling with temperature feedback (SCF), and surface cooling without temperature feedback (SCnoF) on neurologic outcome and survival in patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) and treated with targeted temperature management (TTM) at 32–34°C.

DATA SOURCES:
We performed a systematic review on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials up to June 30, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized and nonrandomized studies on IC, SCF, and SCnoF in adult humans resuscitated from CA undergoing TTM, reporting neurologic outcome or survival.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We performed a network meta-analysis to assess the comparative effects of IC, SCF, and SCnoF. The overall effect between two cooling methods included the effect of direct and indirect comparisons. Results are given as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs. Rankograms estimated the probability of TTM methods being ranked first, second, and third best interventions.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
A total of 14 studies involving 4,062 patients met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were randomized controlled studies, and 10 studies were nonrandomized observational studies. IC compared with SCnoF was significantly associated with better neurologic outcome (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.49–0.74) and survival (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.66–0.96). IC compared with SCF, and SCF compared with SCnoF did not show significant differences in neurologic outcome and survival. The rankogram showed that IC had the highest probability to be the most beneficial cooling method, followed by SCF and SCnoF.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that in patients resuscitated from CA and treated with TTM at 32–34°C, IC has the highest probability of being the most beneficial cooling method for survival and neurologic outcome.
Negative association of time in range and urinary albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study of inpatients
Authors: Chai Sanbao , Wu Shanshan , Xin Sixu , Yuan Ning , Sun Jianbin , Zhang Xiaomei , Ji Linong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Time in range (TIR) refers to the time an individual spends within their target glucose range, which now has been popularized as an important metric to classify glycemic management and also recognized as an important outcome of current diabetes therapies. This study aimed to investigate the association between TIR and the severity of the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1014 inpatients with T2DM at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Peking University International Hospital, China. TIR was defined as the percentage of blood glucose within the target range of 3.90–10.00 mmol/L. Urine samples for assessment of UAER were collected for 3 consecutive days from the start of hospitalization.

Results:
The TIR values for patients with normal urine levels of albumin, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria were 70% ± 20%, 50% ± 20%, and 30% ± 20%, respectively (all P
< 0.001). The patients were stratified according to quartiles of TIR as follows: quartile (Q) 1, <55%; Q2, 55%–72%; Q3, 73%–83%; and Q4, >83%. The incidences of microalbuminuria in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 41.1%, 21.6%, 7.1%, and 5.5% (all P < 0.001), respectively. The respective incidences of macroalbuminuria were 24.2%, 1.1%, 1.4%, and 0% (all P < 0.001). In multinomial logistic regression analyses, TIR was significantly correlated with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–0.65, P < 0.001) and macroalbuminuria (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.18–0.38, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, and levels of triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine.

Conclusion:
The proportion of blood glucose in TIR is closely related to the severity of UAER in patients with T2DM.
#Healthcare
Authors: Franklin Kathryn , Engstrand Shannon , Thornton Jason , Connor Jean Anne 
Published: January 2022

Background/Introduction
Although social media is becoming a primary resource for information and support in all aspects of life, including health care, limited information is available describing social media use in parents whose child undergoes surgical care.

Objectives/Aims
The aims of this study were to describe how patients/families use social media to address health care needs and understand their perceptions of social media privacy and reliability.

Methods
A descriptive survey of 39 questions, both fixed choice and open ended, was distributed to a convenience sample of parents during their child's preoperative visit. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize fixed-choice responses. Content analysis was used to assess open-ended responses and comments.

Results
A total of 205 completed surveys were available for review. Overall, 195 (95.6%) reported using social media, with 70 (35%) using social media up to 5 times a day and another 61 (30.5%) using it 6 to 40 times a day. Respondents used social media for medical information (122/60.1%), to make health care decisions (53/26.5%), after a diagnosis (104/52%), after a medical visit (88/44%), and to update friends and family (129/65.5%). Most respondents were undecided (111/58.1%) when asked how reliable medical information was on social media sites, with 33 (17.3%) believing medical information to be “reliable to very reliable” on social media sites. Among the 61 comments received, 4 themes emerged: Spectrum of Social Media Use, Social Media and Health Care Interaction, Social Media as a Source of Support and Peer Experience, and Reliability of Social Media.

Discussion
Most respondents utilized social media for health care information while reporting feeling undecided on the reliability of the information. Understanding the multiple ways patients and families utilize social media provides health care members opportunities to discuss medical information, inform health care decision making, and support patient and family needs.
Wedge Defects on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Peripapillary Retina in Glaucoma: Prevalence and Associated Clinical Factors
Authors: LeTran Vivian H. , Burkemper Bruce , O’Fee John R. , Souverein Erik A. , Lee Jae C. , Phillips Mark J. , Dinh-Dang Duyen , Song Brian J. , Xu Benjamin Y. , Wong Brandon J. , Richter Grace M. 
Published: January 2022

Précis:
Among subjects with glaucoma, wedge-shaped defects on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were associated with disc hemorrhages (DH), paracentral visual field (VF) defects, increased cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).

Purpose:
To examine determinants of wedge defects on peripapillary OCTA in glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 278 eyes of 186 subjects with mild to severe primary open-angle glaucoma underwent 6×6 spectral-domain OCTA imaging of the superficial peripapillary retina from 2016 to 2020 at an academic practice. Wedge defects were defined as focal microvasculature loss that extends outward from the optic nerve in an arcuate, wedge shape. Logistic regression models controlling for intereye correlation identified variables significantly associated with wedge defects. Eyes with profound microvasculature loss in both hemispheres were excluded. Candidate variables included: age, sex, race or ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, follow-up duration, baseline untreated intraocular pressure, intraocular pressure at time of imaging, DH history, paracentral VF defects, CDR, central corneal thickness, spherical equivalent, VF mean deviation, RNFL thickness, and glaucoma stage.

Results:
Of 278 eyes, 126 (45.3%) had wedge defects in at least 1 hemisphere. In our multivariable logistic regression model, wedge defects were associated with DH history [odds ratio (OR): 3.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–9.69, P=0.041], paracentral VF defects [OR: 4.38 (95% CI: 2.11–9.11), P<0.0001], larger CDR [OR: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03–1.56), P=0.024, per 0.1 increase], and thinner RNFL [OR: 1.71 (95% CI: 1.25–2.34), P=0.0009, per 10 μm decrease].

Conclusion:
DH history and paracentral VF defects were independently associated with wedge defects on OCTA, which was present in 45.3% of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. These findings may provide insight into glaucoma pathogenesis.
Comprehensive lncRNA and mRNA profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from ankylosing spondylitis patients by RNA-sequencing analysis
Authors: Li Chuangxin , Qu Wa , Yang Xuefeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the comprehensive expression profiles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
The peripheral blood samples were collected from 6 AS patients and 6 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), and separated for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by RNA-sequencing. Further bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore the significantly enriched biological processes, signaling pathways of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) (based on cis-target and trans-target genes) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs).
Principal component analysis plots indicated that both lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles could distinguish AS patients from HCs; heatmap diagram exhibited a relatively good consistency and tendency of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in AS patients and HCs, respectively; volcano plots exhibited 114 upregulated and 45 downregulated DElncRNAs, 284 upregulated and 435 downregulated DEmRNAs in AS patients compared with HCs; Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that DElncRNAs (based on cis-target and trans-target genes) and DEmRNAs were enriched in molecular functions (including DNA binding, protein binding, etc) and biological process (including immune response, inflammatory response, etc); Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that these DElncRNAs (based on cis-target and trans-target genes) and DEmRNAs were enriched in immune and inflammation-related signaling, such as B cell receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, etc.
Our study displays the comprehensive expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs involved in AS, which provides reference for further researches discovering candidate lncRNAs with value in assisting early AS diagnosis.