bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivity disturbance suppression method for small modular reactors based on core coolant flow control
Authors: Xie Hongyun , Duan Qizhi , Ping Jialin , Lu Chao , Zhang Liming , Li Shuqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall modular reactors (SMR) have an exceptionally wide range of applications due to their flexibility. But the reactivity of SMR is more susceptible to disturbance than that of large commercial reactors, which may cause the core power to deviate from the set value, and the limited internal space makes it difficult for SMR to compensate or adjust for reactivity disturbance by setting a sufficient number of control rods as in large commercial reactors. Therefore, in order to improve the operational stability of SMR, a method is proposed to indirectly change the nuclear fuel temperature by adjusting the coolant flow rate and thus compensate the reactivity disturbance by the Doppler effect of nuclear fuel resonance absorption. Simulation experiments show that the method can effectively eliminate reactive disturbances that cannot be completely eliminated by control rods under the conditions of restricted SMR space and limited number of control rod sets, thus providing operational stability of SMR.
Current sensorless position-tracking control with angular acceleration error observers for hybrid-type stepping motors
Authors: Kim Seok-Kyoon , Kim Kwan Soo , Lee Dong Kyu , Ahn Choon Ki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper exhibits an advanced observer-based position-tracking controller for hybrid-type stepping motors with consideration of parameter and load uncertainties. As the main contribution, a current sensorless observer-based pole-zero cancellation speed controller is devised for the outer loop position-tracking controller including the convergence rate boosting mechanism. The features of this study are summarized as follows; first, the pole-zero cancellation angular acceleration error observer for the inner loop speed controller, second, the pole-zero cancellation speed control forcing the order of the controlled speed error dynamics to be 1, and, third, the outer loop position control incorporating the first-order target tracking system with its convergence rate booster. The resultant effectiveness is verified on a 10-W stepping motor control system.
Searching for the ground state of complex spin-ice systems using deep learning techniques
Authors: Kwon H. Y. , Yoon H. G. , Park S. M. , Lee D. B. , Shi D. , Wu Y. Z. , Choi J. W. , Won C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSearching for the ground state of a given system is one of the most fundamental and classical questions in scientific research fields. However, when the system is complex and large, it often becomes an intractable problem; there is essentially no possibility of finding a global energy minimum state with reasonable computational resources. Recently, a novel method based on deep learning techniques was devised as an innovative optimization method to estimate the ground state. We apply this method to one of the most complicated spin-ice systems, aperiodic Penrose P3 patterns. From the results, we discover new configurations of topologically induced emergent frustrated spins, different from those previously known. Additionally, a candidate of the ground state for a still unexplored type of Penrose P3 spin-ice system is first proposed through this study. We anticipate that the capabilities of the deep learning techniques will not only improve our understanding on the physical properties of artificial spin-ice systems, but also bring about significant advances in a wide range of scientific research fields requiring computational approaches for optimization.
Impact of overestimation of fractional flow reserve by adenosine on anatomical–functional mismatch
Authors: Matsumoto Hidenari , Masaki Ryota , Higuchi Satoshi , Tanaka Hideaki , Kondo Seita , Tsujita Hiroaki , Shinke Toshiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdenosine occasionally results in overestimation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) values, compared with other hyperemic stimuli. We aimed to elucidate the association of overestimation of FFR by adenosine with anatomically significant but functionally non-significant lesions (anatomical–functional mismatch) and its influence on reclassification of functional significance. Distal-to-aortic pressure ratio (Pd/Pa) was measured using adenosine (Pd/PaADN) and papaverine (Pd/PaPAP) in 326 patients (326 vessels). The overestimation of FFR was calculated as Pd/PaADN–Pd/PaPAP. The anatomical–functional mismatch was defined as diameter stenosis > 50% and Pd/PaADN > 0.80. Reclassification was indicated by Pd/PaADN > 0.80 and Pd/PaPAP ≤ 0.80. The mismatch (n = 72) had a greater overestimation of FFR than the non-mismatch (n = 99): median 0.02 (interquartile range 0.01–0.05) versus 0.01 (0.00–0.04), p = 0.014. Multivariable analysis identified the overestimation of FFR (p = 0.003), minimal luminal diameter (p = 0.001), and non-left anterior descending artery (LAD) location (p < 0.001) as determinants of the mismatch. Reclassification was indicated in 29% of the mismatch and was more frequent in the LAD than in the non-LAD (52% vs. 20%, p = 0.005). The overestimation of FFR is an independent determinant of anatomical−functional mismatch. Anatomical−functional mismatch, specifically in the LAD, may suggest a false-negative result.
Exploring the role of octanol-water partition coefficient and Henry’s law constant in predicting the lipid-water partition coefficients of organic chemicals
Authors: Khawar Muhammad Irfan , Mahmood Azhar , Nabi Deedar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPartition coefficients for storage lipid-water (logKlw) and phospholipid-water (logKpw) phases are key parameters to understand the bioaccumulation and toxicity of organic contaminants. However, the published experimental databases of these properties are dwarfs and current estimation approaches are cumbersome. Here, we present partition models that exploit the correlations of logKlw, and of logKpw with the linear combinations of the octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and the dimensionless Henry’s law constant (air–water partition coefficient, logKaw). The calibrated partition models successfully describe the variations in logKlw data (n = 305, R2 = 0.971, root-mean-square-error (rmse) = 0.375), and in logKpw data (n = 131, R2 = 0.953, rmse = 0.413). With the inputs of logKow and logKaw estimated from the U.S. EPA’s EPI Suite, our models of logKlw and logKpw have exhibited rmse = 0.52 with respect to experimental values indicating suitability of these models for inclusion in the EPI Suite. Our models perform similar to or better than the previously reported models such as one parameter partition models, Abraham solvation models, and models based on quantum-chemical calculations. Taken together, our models are robust, easy-to-use, and provide insight into variations of logKlw and logKpw in terms of hydrophobicity and volatility trait of chemicals.
Folgeschäden durch Beatmung in Bauchlage bei COVID-19 und
ihre Relevanz für die Frührehabilitation – eine
retrospektive Kohortenstudie
Authors: Elmer Nancy , Liebl Max Emanuel , Brehm Katharina , Schwedtke Christine , Drebinger Daniel , Pille Christian , Reißhauer Anett 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Bauchlagerung („proning“) als Teil der
Behandlungsstrategie bei Patient:innen mit Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(ARDS) hat durch die COVID-19-Pandemie massiv an Bedeutung gewonnen. Neben den
positiven Effekten der BL sind Nebenwirkungen bekannt, insbesondere Druckulcera
(DU) und periphere Nervenläsionen (pNL).
Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden
COVID-19-ARDS-Patient:innen, die supportiv in BL therapiert und im
Behandlungsverlauf auf die Frührehabilitation übernommen wurden,
auf das Vorliegen von DU und pNL hin untersucht. Es wurden potenzielle
Risikofaktoren für das Entstehen von DU und pNL und der Einfluss von DU
und pNL auf den Rehabilitationserfolg explorativ analysiert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 52 Patient:innen in die Studie eingeschlossen.
Von ihnen boten 10 (19,2%) das klinische Bild einer pNL und 41
(78,8%) wiesen bei Übernahme Bauchlagerungs-typische ventrale DU
auf. Patient:innen mit pNL hatten signifikant häufiger einen Diabetes
mellitus als Vorerkrankung, für die Entstehung von DU gab es keine
Risikofaktoren. Bei Übernahme waren Patient:innen mit pNL im
Durchschnitt weniger mobil und weniger selbstständig als Patient:innen
ohne pNL, während zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung keine signifikanten
Unterschiede in Mobilität und ADL-Fähigkeit mehr vorlagen.
Patient:innen mit pNL benötigten signifikant mehr Hilfsmittel bei
Entlassung. DU sind häufig, v. a. im
Gesicht-/Halsbereich (56,1%).
Schlussfolgerungen Nebenwirkungen der Bauchlagerung wie DU und pNL sind
zum Zeitpunkt der Übernahme in die Frührehabilitation
häufig. Während die Mobilität zum
Übernahmezeitpunkt durch das Vorliegen einer pNL deutlicher
eingeschränkt ist, besteht dieser Unterschied nicht mehr zum
Entlasszeitpunkt.
Delivery of Radioiodine Ablation in a Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Bussey Andrew T. , Tin Aung , Hoye Neil , Richardson Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis case presents a pragmatic approach to the management of a radioiodine remnant ablation patient on hemodialysis which required no pretherapeutic dosimetric measurements. Pretreatment radiation dose modeling was performed using literature values for radioiodine hemodialysis extraction efficacies to determine a safe treatment regimen including adjustment of the administered activity and hemodialysis frequency. The pretreatment modeling was subsequently verified using external and blood radiation monitoring during treatment.
Outcomes and Associated Complications of Cranioplasty following Craniectomy in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Shie Caroline S.M. , Antony Dawn , Thien Ady 
Published: September 2022

Objective Cranioplasty, commonly performed after decompressive craniectomy, is associated with significant complications. We aim to characterize the outcomes and complications post cranioplasty performed in Brunei Darussalam.
Methods and Materials We conducted a nationwide retrospective study of the patients who underwent cranioplasty. Patients who underwent cranioplasty by the Neurosurgical Department from January 2014 to June 2019 were included. Patients were excluded if they did not have a minimum of 30-days follow-up or the initial cranioplasty was performed elsewhere. Outcomes including complications post cranioplasty and 30-day and 1-year failure rates were assessed. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The χ2 test, Student's t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were performed for nominal, normally, and non-normally distributed variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors for complications and cranioplasty failure.
Results Seventy-seven patients with a median age of 48 (interquartile range, 37–61) years were included. Most cranioplasties used autologous bone (70/77, 90.9%). Infection and overall complication rates were 3.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Cranioplasty failure (defined as removal or revision of cranioplasty) rate was 9.1%. Previous cranial site infection post craniectomy was associated with cranioplasty failure (odds ratio: 12.2, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 114.0], p=0.028).
Conclusions Cranioplasty is generally associated with significant complications, including reoperation for implant failure. We highlighted that autologous bone cranioplasties can be performed with an acceptable low rate of infection, making it a viable first option for implant material.
Surgical Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy in the Early Adoption Phase
Authors: Imoto Ryoji , Umakoshi Michiari , Yunoki Masatoshi , Tatano Masaki , Hirashita Koji , Yoshino Kimihiro , Nishimura Yasuhiko 
Published: September 2022

Background We adopted full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) in 2019 with the assistance of the Japanese Society for Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Techniques of Spinal Neurosurgery (JASMETS). This study analyzed short-term outcomes in our initial FELD cases and compared them with microdiscectomy cases performed during the same period.
Methods FELD was performed in 21 patients over a period of 2 years and 6 months (15 men and 6 women; mean age, 57.0±17.0 years). The transforaminal approach was performed in 8 patients, the posterolateral approach in 3, and the interlaminar approach in 10. During the same period, microdiscectomy was performed in 30 patients. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, operation time, blood loss volume, complications, and incidence of lumbar disc herniation recurrence were compared between the groups.
Results Preoperative VAS and JOA scores did not significantly differ between the FELD and microdiscectomy groups. JOA and VAS scores significantly improved in both groups after surgery. Operation time and incidence of recurrence rate did not differ.
Conclusion Spine surgeons who adopt FELD can achieve good surgical outcomes similar to those of microdiscectomy, even in the early period. Participation in JASMETS seminars and training and proctoring by a certified endoscopic spine surgeon were instrumental in our experience.
A Historical Perspective on the Reversal of Anticoagulants
Authors: Salter Brittany , Crowther Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere has been a landmark shift in the last several decades in the management and prevention of thromboembolic events. From the discovery of parenteral and oral agents requiring frequent monitoring as early as 1914, to the development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that do not require monitoring or dose adjustment in the late 20th century, great advances have been achieved. Despite the advent of these newer agents, bleeding continues to be a key complication, affecting 2 to 4% of DOAC-treated patients per year. Bleeding is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although specific reversal agents for DOACs have lagged the release of these agents, idarucizumab and andexanet alfa are now available as antagonists. However, the efficacy of these reversal agents is uncertain, and complications, including thrombosis, have not been adequately explored. As such, guidelines continue to advise the use of nonspecific prohemostatic agents for patients requiring reversal of the anticoagulant effect of these drugs. As the indications for DOACs and the overall prevalence of their use expand, there is an unmet need for further studies to determine the efficacy of specific compared with nonspecific pro-hemostatic reversal agents. In this review, we will discuss the evidence behind specific and nonspecific reversal agents for both parenteral and oral anticoagulants.
Rotational Thromboelastometry Predicts Transfusion Requirements in Total Joint Arthroplasties
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G. , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V. , Roustemis Anastasios G. , Trikoupis Ioannis G. , Piovani Daniele , Tsante Konstantina A. , Mantzios Petros G. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Sokou Rozeta , Kokoris Styliani I. , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Bonovas Stefanos , Tsantes Argirios E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe frequency of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions is high in total joint arthroplasties, and the hemorrhagic risk is associated with both surgery- and patient-related factors. This study aims to assess the ability of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to identify patients at high risk for transfusion and excessive bleeding. A prospective observational study was conducted including 206 patients who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasties. Assessment of the coagulation status was performed preoperatively and immediately postoperatively using ROTEM analysis and conventional coagulation tests. The number of RBC transfusions and the postoperative hemoglobin drop were recorded. ROTEM findings were compared between transfused and nontransfused patients, and also between patients with and without excessive bleeding. Higher values of postoperative FIBTEM maximum clot firmness (MCF) were associated with lower risks of transfusion (odds ration [OR]: 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.78, p<0.001) and excessive bleeding (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36–0.94, p=0.028). A postoperative FIBTEM MCF value ≤10mm had 80.1% (95% CI: 73.1–85.9%) sensitivity with 75.5% (95% CI: 60.4–87.1%) specificity to predict transfusion requirements, and 70.5% (95% CI: 63.6–76.8%) sensitivity with 88.8% (95% CI: 51.7–99.7%) specificity to predict excessive bleeding. The estimated average probability of transfusion in patients with FIBTEM MCF values of 0 to 4mm is 86.3%. ROTEM assay demonstrated high predictive ability for transfusion and excessive bleeding. Identification of patients at risk for transfusion could allow blood banks to ensure adequate blood supply, while also more intense blood-salvaging strategies could be implemented in these patients.
Investigating a Signal of Acquired Hemophilia Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Case Review
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Cappello Emiliano , Valdiserra Giulia , Bonaso Marco , Moretti Ugo , Focosi Daniele , Tuccori Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA), a rare but life-threatening disorder, most commonly occurs in older people and during pregnancy. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign, an unexpected number of newly diagnosed AHA patients have been identified in clinical practice that were temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination. We present the result of a signal detection analysis aimed at exploring a possible association between COVID-19 immunization and occurrence of AHA. A disproportionality analysis on the World Health Organization (WHO) database was performed to investigate the presence of a signal of risk for AHA associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Reports of AHA associated with any COVID-19 vaccine included in the WHO database were then integrated with those available on the Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System and those published in the medical literature. The WHO database included 146 reports of AHA. The information component (IC) was significant for the association of AHA with all COVID-19 vaccines (IC025: 1.1) and with the vaccine product BNT162b2 (IC025: 1.6). After duplicate exclusion, 96 unique cases of AHA following COVID-19 vaccines have been reviewed. Median time to diagnosis was 18 days and 40% of cases documented the occurrence after the second dose. Overall, in 57% of the investigated cases, a preexisting condition predisposing to AHA was excluded. About 22% of cases occurred in subjects with age ≤65 years and there was no case associated with pregnancy. Mortality was 11%. Although we cannot exclude that the unexpected frequency of AHA diagnosis can be explained by a detection bias, the signal for COVID-19 vaccine-related AHA is robust and deserves further investigations.
Generating Anti-TIGIT and CD155 Monoclonal Antibodies for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Duan Yu-Hang , Bian Yan-lin , Zhu Jian-Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany studies have confirmed that the human poliovirus receptor (PVR; CD155) is related to tumor cell migration, invasion, and thus tumor progression. A PVR receptor binds its ligand T cell Ig and the ITIM domain (TIGIT) to inhibit the function of T and NK cells, thereby allowing tumors to evade immune surveillance. In this study, two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD155 and anti-TIGIT, were expressed by the mammalian transient transfection system, then, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-binding affinity, and antitumor efficacy were evaluated subsequently in vitro. In this work, protein A affinity chromatography was used for antibodies' purification. Analysis methods included Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Our data suggested that both the two monoclonal antibodies have a purity of higher than 90%, and bound tightly to the antigen with dissociation constant (K
d) and 50% effective concentrations (EC50) below micromolar range. Most notably, these antibodies promote antitumor activity of immune cells in vitro. Therefore, our study laid down the foundation for subsequent in vivo experiments for further evaluation.
Social Determinants of Health and Risk of Stillbirth in the United States
Authors: Adams April , Dongarwar Deepa , Shay Lena , Baroni Mariana , Williams Eunique , Ehieze Priscilla , Wilson Rhanna , Awoseyi Alexia , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: September 2022

Objective Our aim was to evaluate the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) risk factors on stillbirth among pregnancy-related hospitalizations in the United States.
Study Design We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of delivery-related hospital discharges using annualized data (2016–2017) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision ICD-10-CM codes were used to select women with singleton stillbirth. Z-codes were utilized to identify SDoH risk factors and their subtypes. The association between SDoH risk factors and stillbirth was assessed using survey logistic regression models.
Results We analyzed 8,148,646 hospitalizations, out of which 91,140 were related to stillbirth hospitalizations, yielding a stillbirth incidence of 1.1%. An increased incidence was observed for non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks (1.7%) when compared with NH Whites (1.0%). The incidence of stillbirth was greater in hospitalizations associated with SDoH risk factors compared with those without risk factors [2.0% vs. 1.1% (p <0.001)]. Among patients with SDoH risk factors, the rate of stillbirth was highest in those designated as NH other (3.0%). Mothers that presented with SDoH risk factors had a 60% greater risk of stillbirth compared with those without (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33–1.95], p < 0.001). The SDoH issues that showed the most significant risk for stillbirth were: occupational risk (OR = 7.05 [95% CI: 3.54–9.58], p < 0.001), upbringing (OR = 1.87 [95% CI: 1.23–2.82], p < 0.001), and primary support group and family (OR = 5.45 [95% 3.84–7.76], p < 0.001).
Conclusion We found pregnancies bearing SDoH risk factors to be associated with a 60% elevated risk for stillbirth. Future studies should target a variety of risk reduction strategies aimed at modifiable SDoH risk factors that can be widely implemented at both the population health level as well as in the direct clinical setting.
Key Points