bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral selective composite mask media for personal cooling and efficient PM 2.5 removal
Authors: Lei Yang , Cai Rong-Rong , Lin Rui-Qi , Zhang Li-Zhi 
Published: September 2022

Face masks are commonly used to protect an individual’s respiratory system from inhaling fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in polluted air, as well as the airborne pathogens, especially during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, all conventional masks with anti-PM2.5 function suffer from insufficient facial thermal comfort, particularly in a hot and humid environment. Herein, we demonstrated a novel infrared-transmittance visible-opaque PM2.5 media for radiative cooling utilizing rutile titanium dioxide particle-embedded polyamide 6 (PA6-TiO2). The transmission of visible light and infrared and PM2.5 removal performance of composite media containing a variety of microstructures, such as TiO2 particles of varying sizes, shapes, and contents, were numerically examined to determine the optimal ranges. Then the PA6-TiO2 media was effectively electrospun by controlling the arrangement of fibers and the morphology of TiO2 particles. By transmitting more than 85% of the thermal radiation from the human body and selectively blocking solar irradiance, the developed PA6-TiO2(flower-shaped) media cooled the simulative skin by 10.3°C as compared with commercial masks under strong solar irradiance. Additionally, they demonstrated a high PM2.5 removal efficiency of 95.3%, a low air resistance of 22.5 Pa (at 5.3 cm/s), and a sound water vapor transmission rate of 0.0169 g cm−2 h−1. This study presents an effective strategy for making thermally comfortable anti-PM2.5 masks, which will significantly benefit the public health prevention and control.
Cold nitrogen plasma treated glass fiber warp knitted structural composites: mechanical properties and response surface analysis
Authors: Fang Chunyue , Chen Yingcan , Jia Lixia , Yan Ruosi 
Published: September 2022

This study reveals the characterization and mechanical properties of glass fiber warp knit structural fabric/vinyl ester resin composites treated by cold nitrogen glow discharge plasma. The effects of nitrogen plasma treating parameters (including power, flow rate, and time) on tensile and bending properties of glass fiber warp knit structural composites were investigated. It was shown that nitrogen plasma treatment enhanced the tensile and bending property of the glass fiber warp knit structural composites. SEM, FTIR and AFM characterized etching existing on the surface, C-N and N-H groups were introduced, and varying degrees of roughness. The response surface analysis represented that the nitrogen plasma treated glass fiber warp knit structural composites obtained optimized bending properties with the power ranging from 130 W to 160 W, the flow rate ranging from 8sccm to 9sccm, and the time ranging from 100s to 110s.
Manganese waste liquid derived MnFe2O4/RGO fabric for microwave blocking, high stable strain and temperature sensing
Authors: Hong Xinghua , Sun Wei , Peng Tao , Qian Junnan , Zhang Zhaofa , Zhu Chengyan , Cai Guangmin 
Published: September 2022

Herein, a MnFe2O4/RGO knitted fabric derived from manganese waste was constructed by a simple in-situ assembled coating method, involving the incorporation of Graphene Oxide (GO) and manganese ferrite nanoparticles on polyester fabric, followed reducing by hydrazine hydrate. The reuse of manganese waste from the preparation of GO can reduce chemical waste emissions and endow the absorption performance. The coated particles possess certain magnetism can be attracted and securely collected in seconds, which is convenient for recycling. This fabric gives well microwave absorption with the maximum reflection loss (RL) of −58.6 dB at 9.1 GHz by a thickness of 1.9 mm. In addition, this fabric presents high stable strain sensing under 1000 stretching and bending cycles. Meanwhile, the resistance-deformation-velocity relationship is provided based on the structure, for the analysis of electromechanical behaviors. Moreover, the fabric has the capability for temperature sensing (TCR=−0.738%/°C), and fire alarm. As such, this fabric can be promising alternatives for a wide application on motion and temperature sensing, microwave blocking.
Outcomes of Candida and Non-Candida Aortic Graft Infection
Authors: Omran Safwan , Gröger Steffen , Shafei Bashaer , Schawe Larissa , Bruder Leon , Haidar Haidar , Greiner Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Objective To evaluate and compare the outcomes of Candida- and non-Candida-associated aortic graft infections. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients treated for aortic graft infection from 2015 to 2021 in our hospital. Results A total of 66 patients (56 men; median age, 69 years; range, 50-87 years) were admitted with aortic graft infection, including 21 (32%) patients in the Candida group and 45 (68%) in the non-Candida group. The average time between initial operation and presentation of aortic graft infection was 50 months (range, 1-332 months). Graft-enteric fistulas (GEFs) were more often in the Candida group (57% vs 27%, P = .017). The most proven causative fungal specimen was C. albicans in 16 (76%) patients. Non-albicans Candida was found in 9% of all patients and 29% of the Candida patients. The median ICU length of stay was longer in the Candida group than non-Candida (10 vs 9 days, P = .012). Additionally, the median hospital length of stay was longer in the Candida group (33 vs 22 days, P = .048). There were no statistically significant differences between Candida and non-Candida groups according to the in-hospital mortality (24% vs 24%, P = .955), and 1-year mortality (38% vs 38%, P = .980). Conclusions Patients with bacterial and fungal aortic graft infections have high rates of morbidity and mortality. We found no significant differences in postoperative morbidity and mortality between Candida and non-Candida patients. However, the ICU and hospital length of stay were longer in the Candida group.
USE of Biodegradable STENTS in Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Initial Experience
Authors: Sulieman Ibnouf , Elaffandi Ahmed , Elmoghazy Walid , Khalaf Hatem 
Published: September 2022

Background. Plastic stents have been used to avoid postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following Whipple’s Pancreaticoduodenectomy (WPD), but they may cause some stent-related complications. Biodegradable stents have been recently introduced and might be a safe alternative. Here we present our initial experience with their use. Methods. Between March 1, 2020, and September 30, 2020, ten (10) consecutive patients underwent WPD. They all had conventional two-layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the placement of an internal biodegradable stent. They were assessed for technical feasibility, pancreatic leak, and stent-related complications. Results. The use of biodegradable stents was technically feasible in all patients, despite some difficulties in insertion due to stent stiffness and design. After a median follow-up period of 124 days, none of the patients suffered POPF. One patient had a biochemical pancreatic leak with no clinical significance. The median hospital stay was 7 days, and there were no stent-related complications. Conclusion. Biodegradable stents are technically feasible and safe in WPD with good short-term outcomes. They might provide a better alternative to plastic stents and their potential complications. Larger long-term studies are needed to validate efficacy and safety. Few modifications of the stent’s design might be needed to facilitate use in open surgery.
Mechanical thrombectomy using the Nimbus stent-retriever – initial experiences in a single-center observational study
Authors: Boriesosdick Jan , Michael Arwed Elias , Kröger Jan-Robert , Niehoff Julius Henning , Saeed Saher , Pflug Marc , Schellinger Peter , Maus Volker , Borggrefe Jan , Mönninghoff Christoph 
Published: September 2022

Background The Nimbus stent-retriever (NSR) was developed for mechanical thrombectomy of wall-adherent thrombi in cerebral arteries. It features a novel geometry with a proximal spiral section and a distal barrel section. The new device is designed to retrieve tough clots with a micro-clamping technique. In the first case series reporting on the NSR, we share our initial experience about the first 12 treated cases. Methods In total, 12 patients (5 men, 7 women; mean age 78 years) with occlusion of the internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery (M1 or M2 segment) were treated with the NSR, 11 after unsuccessful recanalization attempts with conventional stent-retrievers or aspiration thrombectomy. Results Retrieving maneuvers with the NSR recovered a thrombus in 7 patients (58%), of which 6 resulted in vessel recanalization mTICI ≥ 2b. Successful recanalization improved the mTICI score by a median of 3 points. In 5 of 7 cases, this required only one thrombectomy maneuver. In 5 cases, no improvement of recanalization could be achieved with the NSR (1–3 attempts). No NSR-related complications occurred in this case series. Conclusions In our initial experience, the NSR appeared to be a safe and effective second-line stent-retriever after unsuccessful MT with conventional stent-retrievers or aspiration thrombectomy allowing for mTICI ≥ 2b rescue thrombectomy in ab 50% of cases. No NSR associated complications occurred in our case series.
“We don’t talk about it enough”: Perceptions of pelvic health among postpartum women in rural communities
Authors: Snyder Kailey , Mollard Elizabeth , Bargstadt-Wilson Kari , Peterson Julie 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore perceptions and experiences related to pelvic health in the postpartum period among a cohort of women residing in communities with less than 50,000 residents. Methods: A semi-structured interview approach guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior was used. Postpartum individuals (<6 months since childbirth) were interviewed in the fall/winter of 2021–2022. Results: Specific to individuals’ attitudes toward pelvic health, women viewed Kegels as an important component to improving pelvic health but had a negative attitude toward their own pelvic health, often identifying their pelvic floor as “weak.” The subjective norms influencing a woman’s perception were typically, a positive influence by family/friends and the Internet, although the Internet was viewed as an insufficient resource. Healthcare providers were noted as an infrequent and ineffective resource for education and support in the postpartum period. Finally, women’s perceived behavioral control to manage their pelvic health was influenced by limited knowledge of pelvic health and time, and a desire for more education from their primary care provider and geographical barriers. Conclusion: Innovative strategies are needed to support postpartum women’s pelvic health within rural communities. Primary care providers may benefit from the development of “quick tips” by specialists, such as women’s health physical therapists, to optimize pelvic health discussions with their postpartum patients. Education interventions targeted toward postpartum women in rural communities should focus on strategies that address the geographic barriers identified while still providing individualized care. Options, such as webinars, telehealth, and text message interventions, could be considered.
Intravenous thrombolysis for treatment of pediatric acute ischemic stroke: Analysis of 20 years of population-level data in the United States
Authors: Dicpinigaitis Alis J , Shapiro Steven D , Nuoman Rolla , Kamal Haris , Overby Philip , Kaur Gurmeen , Chong Ji Y , Fifi Johanna T , Dangayach Neha , Miller Eliza C , Yaghi Shadi , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) represents standard-of-care treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in eligible adult patients, definitive evidence-based guidelines and randomized clinical trial data evaluating its safety and efficacy in the pediatric population remain absent from the literature. We aimed to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of IVT for the treatment of pediatric AIS using a large national registry. Methods: Weighted hospitalizations for pediatric (<18 years of age) AIS patients were identified in the National Inpatient Sample during the period of 2001 to 2019. Complex sample statistical methods were performed to assess unadjusted and adjusted outcomes in patients treated with IVT or other medical management. Results: Among 13,901 pediatric AIS patients, 270 (1.9%) were treated with IVT monotherapy (median age 12.8 years). IVT-treated patients developed any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) at a rate of 5.6% (n = 15), and 71.9% (n = 194) experienced favorable functional outcomes at discharge (to home or to acute rehabilitation). Following propensity-score adjustment for age, acute stroke severity, infarct location, and etiological/comorbid conditions, IVT was not associated with an increased risk of any ICH (5.6% vs 5.4%, p = 0.931; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48–2.14, p = 0.971), nor with favorable functional outcome (71.9% vs 74.5%, p = 0.489; aOR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.60–1.29, p = 0.511) in comparison with other medical therapy. Conclusions: Twenty years of population-level data in the United States demonstrate that pediatric AIS patients treated with IVT experienced high rates of favorable outcomes without an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
A comparative study of the harms of nitrous oxide and poppers using the MCDA approach
Authors: Ferreira Plinio M , Winstock Adam R , Schlag Anne Katrin , Brandner Brigitta , Henderson Graeme , Miller Ian , van Amsterdam Jan , Phillips Lawrence D , Taylor Polly , Gittins Rosalind , Rolles Steve , Brink Wim van den , Nutt David 
Published: September 2022

The recent surge in recreational (non-medical) use of nitrous oxide (N2O, also known as ‘laughing gas’) often by inhaling it from balloons, has attracted the attention of some politicians with calls to control its possession under the United Kingdom (UK) Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (currently selling, but not possession, for recreational use is controlled under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016). Meanwhile, the recreational use of nitric monoxide (NO) as delivered by alkyl nitrites, also known as ‘poppers’ has also raised concerns, but unlike N2O, its use was not controlled under the 2016 Act. To inform future-decision making processes and ensure that any such decisions are based on the best evidence, Drug Science conducted a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) about N2O and poppers to compare the overall harms of these two drugs to the harms of 20 drugs previously evaluated and published by Nutt et al. The group assessed harm scores for N2O and poppers on the original 16 harm criteria using the associated 0 to 100 scales, on each of which 100 had been assigned to the most harmful drug and zero to the least harmful, though that often meant no harm. On the overall harm scale, N2O scored 6, just above magic mushrooms (psilocybin) while ‘poppers’ scored 5. Together these are the three lowest drugs on the overall harm scale. Although their overall scores are similar, the reasons behind the ratings differ. Nitrous oxide was considered more harmful than poppers for Dependence, Environmental Damage, Drug Related Relative Impairment of Mental Functioning, and Family Adversities, while poppers are more harmful than N2O for Injury, Drug Related Damage, Economic Cost, and Drug Related Mortality. When assessing the risk different substances may hold when making policy decisions, it is important to acknowledge the relative contribution of these diverse harms within different domains.
FOXP2 down expression is associated with executive dysfunctions and electrophysiological abnormalities of brain in Autism spectrum disorder; a neuroimaging genetic study
Authors: Haghighatfard Arvin , Yaghoubi asl Elham , Bahadori Rosita Azar , Aliabadian Rojina , Farhadi Mahdi , Mohammadpour Fatemeh , Tabrizi Zeinab 
Published: September 2022

Background and aims Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by language impairment, and challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Although genetics are a primary cause of ASD, the exact genes and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are not completely clear. The FOXP2 gene encodes a transcription factor that is known for its major role in language development and severe speech problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of FOXP2 in ASD etiology, executive functions, and brain activities. Methods In the present study, we recruited 450 children with ASD and 490 neurotypical control children. Three domains of executive functions (working memory, response inhibition, and vigilance) were assessed. In addition, five-minute eyes closed electroencephalography was obtained from some of the children with ASD and neurotypical children. DNA sequence and expression level of FOXP2 in blood samples of children with ASD and the control group were evaluated by using sequencing and Real-time PCR, respectively. Results The results showed no mutations but a significant down expression of FOXP2 genes in children with ASD vs. neurotypical children. Several cognitive and executive function deficiencies were detected in children with ASD. Low alpha and gamma bands in the frontal lobe and high theta bands in the occipital lobe were revealed in children with ASD. We also found several correlations between FOXP2 expression levels and clinical assessments. Conclusions Our finding revealed the down expression of FOXP2, which could be considered as a biomarker for ASD as well as cognitive and executive dysfunction. Based on brain mapping data, FOXP2 may be related to the theta wave abnormality of children with ASD. FOXP2 may be considered a target of novel treatment to improve memory and executive functions. Implications Our findings highlight the role of FOXP2 mRNA level in ASD etiology, executive functions, and brain wave frequencies.
Retrospective Review on Role of Neck Dissection in Laryngectomy of Patients With N0 Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wong Stephanie Nga‐sze , Lau Felix Tak‐yin , Chung Joseph Chun Kit , Tsang Raymond King‐yin 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe primary objective is to evaluate the incidence of occult nodal metastasis in patients undergoing total laryngectomy with cN0 disease. Other objectives are to compare the survival between different treatments of the neck, identify possible associated risk factors, and evaluate the effectiveness of elective neck dissection in this population with regards to oncological outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary hospitals in Hong Kong.MethodsRetrospective study was performed on patients who underwent total laryngectomy from 2008 to 2017 in New Territories West and Hong Kong West Clusters of the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong as primary or salvage treatment for cN0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx. Incidence of neck dissection, incidence of nodal involvement, possible predictors, and oncological outcomes were analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were included, of whom 61 underwent either ipsilateral or bilateral neck dissection. Most (90.1%) of the patients with total laryngectomy done had locally advanced disease. Overall occult nodal metastasis rate was 20.6%, and only 3.8% of them had contralateral nodal metastasis. Occult nodal metastasis was significantly less in salvage laryngectomy (P =. 045), while midline involvement and pT3/4 disease seem to be predictors for contralateral nodal metastasis.ConclusionThere is significantly lower incidence of occult nodal metastasis in cN0 laryngeal SCC in the salvage setting, and occult contralateral nodal metastasis is not common in the cohort. Neck dissection during a salvage laryngectomy for cN0 disease could be avoided while contralateral neck dissection might be considered in cases of locally advanced disease with midline involvement.
Functional and radiological outcomes after treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia using the Ilizarov technique: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Zayda Ahmed Ibrahim , Mesregah Mohamed Kamal , Zalalo Soliman Hassan , Sakr Samy Abdel-Hady 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a challenging problem in orthopedic practice, with high rates of non-union, refracture, and residual deformities. After union, long-term follow-up is required to manage late post-union complications. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of the Ilizarov technique in the management of CPT.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included patients with CPT treated with the Ilizarov method between 2005 and 2018. Intramedullary rods were used in 9 cases and iliac bone graft was used in 12 cases. An orthosis was applied till the end of follow-up in all cases. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale was used for the evaluation of the functional outcomes.

Results
This study included 16 patients, 11 males and 5 females, with an average age of 5.4 ± 2.8 years. Seven cases had multiple previous surgeries. Six patients had neurofibromatosis. The mean follow-up period was 5.8 ± 3.4 years. The average AOFAS score improved significantly from 47.5 ± 7.6 preoperatively to 78.9 ± 8.9 at the latest follow-up.
Union was achieved in 15 cases, and persistent non-union occurred in one case. The clinical results were excellent in one patient, good in seven cases, fair in 6, and poor in 2 cases. The radiological results were excellent in one patient, good in seven cases, fair in seven, and poor in one case.

Conclusions
The Ilizarov technique combined with intramedullary rod and primary or secondary bone graft provides a high union rate of CPT and can achieve simultaneous effective management of problems related to pseudarthrosis, including non-union, deformity, limb shortening, and adjacent joint contracture and subluxation.
Level of evidence Level IV.