bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Antibiotic Redosing Before Incision and Risk of Incisional Site Infection in Children With Appendicitis
Authors: Cramm Shannon L. , Chandler Nicole M. , Graham Dionne A. , Kunisaki Shaun M. , Russell Robert T. , Blakely Martin L. , Lipskar Aaron M. , Allukian Myron , Aronowitz Danielle I. , Campbell Brendan T. , Collins Devon T. , Commander Sarah J. , Cowles Robert A. , DeFazio Jennifer R. , Esparaz Joseph R. , Feng Christina , Griggs Cornelia L. , Guyer Richard A. , Hanna David N. , Kahan Anastasia M. , Keane Olivia A. , Lamoshi Abdulraouf , Lopez Carla M. , Pace Elizabeth , Regan Maia D. , Santore Matthew T. , Scholz Stefan , Tracy Elisabeth T. , Williams Sacha A. , Zhang Lucy , Rangel Shawn J. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To evaluate whether redosing antibiotics within an hour of incision is associated with a reduction in incisional surgical site infection (iSSI) in children with appendicitis.

Background:
Existing data remain conflicting as to whether children with appendicitis receiving antibiotics at diagnosis benefit from antibiotic redosing before incision.

Methods:
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program augmented with antibiotic utilization and operative report data obtained though supplemental chart review. Children undergoing appendectomy at 14 hospitals participating in the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network from July 2016 to June 2020 who received antibiotics upon diagnosis of appendicitis between 1 and 6 hours before incision were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare odds of iSSI in those who were and were not redosed with antibiotics within 1 hour of incision, adjusting for patient demographics, disease severity, antibiotic agents, and hospital-level clustering of events.

Results:
A total of 3533 children from 14 hospitals were included. Overall, 46.5% were redosed (hospital range: 1.8%–94.4%, P<0.001) and iSSI rates were similar between groups [redosed: 1.2% vs non-redosed: 1.3%; odds ratio (OR) 0.84, (95%,CI, 0.39–1.83)]. In subgroup analyses, redosing was associated with lower iSSI rates when cefoxitin was used as the initial antibiotic (redosed: 1.0% vs nonredosed: 2.5%; OR: 0.38, (95% CI, 0.17–0.84)], but no benefit was found with other antibiotic regimens, longer periods between initial antibiotic administration and incision, or with increased disease severity.

Conclusions:
Redosing of antibiotics within 1 hour of incision in children who received their initial dose within 6 hours of incision was not associated with reduction in risk of incisional site infection unless cefoxitin was used as the initial antibiotic.
Seizure EEG Quality in Right Unilateral Ultrabrief ECT
Authors: Yeap Samantha , Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Gill Shane , Dinesh Anthony , Woodman Richard John 
Published: November 2022

Objective
The aims of this study were to compare threshold and suprathreshold ictal electroencephalograms (EEGs) in right unilateral (RUL) ultrabrief (UB) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and to identify the differences between these EEGs.

Methods
This study is a retrospective review of 125 pairs EEGs from titration and subsequent sessions across a 2-year period. All EEGs were independently rated for by 2 assessors using a scale based on qualities of an EEG used to guide ECT treatment dose adequacy, for example, midictal amplitude, regularity, interhemispheric coherence, seizure end point, and postictal suppression. The scores of threshold and suprathreshold EEGs were compared within and between groups based on 2 ECT types, that is, RUL UB ECT and RUL brief pulse (BP) ECT.

Results
Paired t tests showed a statistically significant difference in between threshold and suprathreshold EEG scores in RUL UB ECT. There were no statistically significant differences between corresponding scores for RUL UB ECT and RUL BP ECT threshold and suprathreshold EEGs.

Conclusions
There is a significant difference between the quality of threshold and suprathreshold EEGs in RUL UB ECT when measured with an EEG rating scale. Visual rating of ictal EEGs is as reliable in discriminating between threshold and suprathreshold seizure in RUL UB ECT as it is in RUL BP ECT.
Markers of psoriatic skin phenotype: androgen/estrogen and cortisone/cortisol imbalance, and DNA damage
Authors: Kılıç Şeyma Başar , Taheri Serpil , Mehmetbeyoğlu Ecmel , Öksüm Solak Eda , Rassoulzadegan Minoo , Borlu Murat 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPatients prone to psoriasis suffer after a breakdown of the epidermal barrier and develop poorly healing lesions with abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes.Strong inflammatory reactions with genotoxicity (short telomeres) suggest impaired immune defences with DNA damage repair response (DDR) in patients with psoriasis. Recent evidence indicates the existence of crosstalk mechanisms linking the DDR machinery and hormonal signalling pathways that cooperate to influence both progressions of many diseases and responses to treatment.The aim of this study was to clarify whether steroid biosynthesis and genomic stability markers are altered in parallel during the formation of psoriatic skin. Understanding between the interaction of the steroid pathway and DNA damage response is crucial to addressing underlying fundamental issues and managing resulting epidermal barrier disruption in psoriasis.Twenty patients with psoriasis and fifteen healthy volunteers were included in this study. Transcription levels of estrogen (ESR1, ESR2), androgen (AR), glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptors (NR3C1, NR3C2),HSD11B1/HSD11B2genes, and DNA damage sensors (SMC1A, TREX1, TREX2, SSBP3, RAD1, RAD18, EXO1, POLH, HUS1) were determined by Real-Time-PCR in blood and skin samples (Lesional, non-lesional) from psoriasis and control groups.ResultsWe found thatESR1, ESR2, HSD11B1, NR3C1, NR3C2, POLH, andSMC1Atranscripts were significantly decreased andAR, TREX1, RAD1, andSSBP3transcripts were increased dramatically in the lesional skin compared to skin samples of controls.As a result, we found that the regulation of the steroidogenic pathway was disrupted in the lesional tissue of psoriasis patients and that a sufficient glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid response did not form and the estrogen/androgen balance was altered in favour of androgens. We suggest that an increased androgen response in the presence of DDR increases the risk of developing psoriasis. Although this situation may be the cause or the consequence of a disruption of the epidermal barrier, our data suggest developing new therapeutic strategies.
Older Adults’ Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 and Associated Infection Control Measures in Shanghai, and Impact on Well-Being
Authors: Cui Lixian , Xu Zhiming , Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo , Liu Xia , Grace Sherry L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated health management, well-being, and pandemic-related perspectives in Shanghainese adults ≥50 years during early and strict COVID-19 control measures. A self-report survey was administered via Wenjuanxing between March-April/2020. Items from the Somatic Symptom Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were administered, as well as pandemic-specific questions. 1181 primarily married, retired females participated; Many had hypertension (n=521, 44.1%), coronary artery disease (CAD; n=201, 17.8%) and diabetes (n=171, 14.5%). While most respondents (n=868; 73.5%) were strictly following control measures (including limiting visits with children; n=390, 33.0%) and perceived they could tolerate that beyond 6 months (n=555;47.0%), they were optimistic about the future if control measures were continued (n=969;82.0%), and perceived impact would be temporary (n=646;64.7%). 52 of those with any condition (8.2%) and 19 of those without a condition (3.5%) reported the pandemic was impacting their health. Somatic symptoms were high (29.4±7.1/36), with Sleep & Cognitive symptoms highest. 24.4% and 18.9% of respondents had elevated depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively; greater distress was associated with lower income (p=0.018), having hypertension (p=0.001) and CAD (p<0.001), more negative perceptions of global COVID-19 control (p=0.004), COVID-19 spread (p≤0.001), impact on life and health (p<0.001), compliance with control measures (p<0.001), and shorter time control measures could be tolerated (p<0.001) in adjusted analyses. In the initial COVID-19 outbreak, most older adults were optimistic and resilient with regard to the epidemic and control measures. However, the distress of older adults is not trivial, particularly in those with health issues.
Therapeutic impact of dance therapy on adult individuals with psychological trauma: a systematic review
Authors: Tomaszewski Crystal , Belot Rose-Angélique , Essadek Aziz , Onumba-Bessonnet Héloïse , Clesse Christophe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextDance therapy is a therapeutic tool adapted for people that struggle with classical language-based therapeutic devices (e.g., people facing migration). As dance therapy significantly mobilizes mental, physiological, and somatic dimensions affected by psychological trauma, its therapeutic effect on psychological trauma needs to be evaluated.ObjectivesTo identify the potential therapeutic effects of dance therapy in adults with psychological trauma (trauma-focused and non-trauma-focused impact) as well as the barriers and facilitators associated with its therapeutic employment.MethodArticles published between 2000 and 2022 have been selected with the help of five relevant keyword combinations applied on seven databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bias evaluation has been conducted with the help of the NIH and JBI. A report of the results has been organized with the help of thematic analysis.ResultsOf the thirteen articles included, only one case study directly reports a diminution of pathognomic symptoms of trauma. Other studies present improvements in key dimensions targeted by non-trauma-focused treatment: bodily sensations and perceptions, psychological processes, and interpersonal skills. These improvements depend on the skill set of the therapists and the stability of the intervention.ConclusionDance therapy is an effective non-trauma-focused treatment, as it mobilizes the mandatory dimensions for the management of psychological trauma. It is specially adapted to women survivors of violence, and people facing migration. Researchers and professionals should investigate dance therapy as a trauma-focused treatment.HighlightsWhile the non-trauma-focused effects of dance therapy have been particularly evaluated, there is a lack of evidence about studies evaluating the effect of dance therapy as a trauma-focused intervention.Dance therapy improves key dimensions targeted by non-trauma-focused intervention therapies: sensory-motor perceptions, motor skills, identification, expression, and externalization of emotions, reflexivity, creativity, interpersonal skills, and verbal expression.The effectiveness of dance therapy interventions is correlated with the therapist’s skill set, the intervention’s stability, and the patient’s flow state.
Frequent shedding of multi-drug resistant pneumococci among adults living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Malawi
Authors: Sibale Lusako , Phiri Joseph , Mitole Ndaona , Kalata Newton , Nyazika Tinashe , Kalirani Alice , Khwiya Mercy , Sagawa Gift , Thindwa Deus , Swarthout Todd D , French Neil , Malisita Ken , Kamng’ona Arox , Ferreira Daniela M , Heyderman Robert S. , Kwambana-Adams Brenda A. , Jambo Kondwani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are reported to have three times higher carriage ofStreptococcus pneumoniaethan their HIV-uninfected counterparts in point prevalence studies. Using a longitudinal cohort study design, we assessed pneumococcal carriage density, shedding and antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as nasal mucosal immunity, in otherwise healthy PLHIV on ART for at least one year, compared to HIV-uninfected participants in Malawi. Pneumococcal carriage density was higher among PLHIV compared to HIV-uninfected participants. Moreover, PLHIV were twice more likely to shed pneumococci than HIV-uninfected participants. In PLHIV, aerosol shed pneumococci were more often multi-drug resistant (MDR) than nasopharyngeal carried isolates recovered from the same individual. Consistent with high shedding, PLHIV exhibited heightened neutrophil-mediated nasal mucosa inflammation. We propose that PLHIV should be considered in intervention strategies, such as vaccination, as they could be an important reservoir for transmission of MDRS. pneumoniae.
Evaluation of the Peterborough Public Health COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test Self-Report Tool: Implications for COVID-19 Surveillance
Authors: Smith Erin , Pigeau Carolyn , Ahmadian-Yazdi Jamal , Kharbouch Mohamed , Hoffmeyer Jane , Piggott Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated novel testing strategies, including the use of Rapid Antigen Tests (RATs). The widespread distribution of RATs to the public prompted Peterborough Public Health to launch a pilot RAT self-report tool to assess its utility in COVID-19 surveillance.ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of a RAT self-report tool through an analysis of the temporal association between RAT results, PCR test results, and wastewater levels of COVID-19.MethodsWe investigated the association between RAT results, PCR test results, and wastewater levels of COVID-19 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Percent positivity and count of positive tests for RATs and PCR tests were analyzed.ResultsPCR percent positivity and wastewater were weakly correlated (r=0.33p=0.022), as were RAT percent positivity and wastewater (r=0.33p=0.002). RAT percent positivity and PCR percent positivity were not significantly correlated (r=-0.035,p=0.75). Count of positive RAT tests and count of positive PCR tests were moderately correlated (r=0.59,p<0.001). Wastewater was not significantly correlated to count of positive RAT tests (r=0.019,p=0.864) or count of positive PCR tests (r=0.004,p=0.971).ConclusionOur results provide evidence in support of the use of RAT self-reporting as a low-cost simple adjunctive COVID-19 surveillance tool, and may suggest that its utility is greatest when considering an absolute count of positive RAT tests rather than percent positivity due to reporting bias towards positive tests. These results can help inform COVID-19 surveillance strategies of local Public Health Units and encourage the use of a RAT self-report tool.
The multivalent G-quadruplex (G4)-ligands MultiTASQs allow for versatile click chemistry-based investigations
Authors: Sperti Francesco Rota , Mitteaux Jérémie , Zell Joanna , Pipier Angélique , Valverde Ibai E. , Monchaud David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemical biology hinges on multivalent molecular tools that uniquely allow for interrogating and/or manipulating cellular circuitries from the inside. The success of many of these approaches relies on molecular tools that make it possible to visualize biological targets in cells and then isolate them for identification purposes. To this end, click chemistry has become in just a few years a vital tool in offering practically convenient solutions to address highly complicated biological question. We report here on two clickable molecular tools, the biomimetic G-quadruplex (G4) ligands MultiTASQ andazMultiTASQ, which benefit from the versatility of two types of bioorthogonal chemistry, CuAAC and SPAAC (the discovery of which was very recently awarded the Nobel Prize of chemistry). These two MultiTASQs are here used to both visualize G4s in, and identify G4s from human cells. To this end, we developed click chemo-precipitation of G-quadruplexes (G4-click-CP) andin situG4 click imaging protocols, which provide unique insights into G4 biology in a straightforward and reliable manner.
Heritability estimation of cognitive phenotypes in the ABCD Study®using mixed models
Authors: Smith Diana M. , Loughnan Robert , Friedman Naomi P. , Parekh Pravesh , Frei Oleksandr , Thompson Wesley K. , Andreassen Ole A. , Neale Michael , Jernigan Terry L. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwin and family studies have historically aimed to partition phenotypic variance into components corresponding to additive genetic effects (A), common environment (C), and unique environment (E). Here we present the ACE Model and several extensions in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), employed using the new Fast Efficient Mixed Effects Analysis (FEMA) package. In the twin sub-sample (n= 924; 462 twin pairs), heritability estimates were similar to those reported by prior studies for height (twin heritability = 0.86) and cognition (twin heritability between 0.00 and 0.61), respectively. Incorporating SNP-derived genetic relatedness and using the full ABCD Study®sample (n= 9,742) led to narrower confidence intervals for all parameter estimates. By leveraging the sparse clustering method used by FEMA to handle genetic relatedness only for participants within families, we were able to take advantage of the diverse distribution of genetic relatedness within the ABCD Study®sample.
Using spatio-temporal information in weather radar data to detect and track communal bird roosts
Authors: Perez Gustavo , Zhao Wenlong , Cheng Zezhou , T. D. Belotti Maria Carolina , Deng Yuting , Simons Victoria F. , Tielens Elske , Kelly Jeffrey F. , Horton Kyle G. , Maji Subhransu , Sheldon Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe exodus of swallows from communal nighttime roosts is often visible as an expanding ring-shaped pattern in weather radar data. The WSR-88D network operated by the National Weather Service archives more than 25 years of data across 143 stations in the contiguous US. However, access to information about the roosting behavior of swallows is limited by the cost of manual annotation of these scans.We develop an AI system to detect and track swallow roosts in weather radar data. Our model is based on the Faster R-CNN architecture and is customized to incorporate multiple spatial and temporal channels in volumetric radar scans using novel adaptor layers. We systematically study the impact of network architecture and input representation for this task. We incorporate our detection outputs into an AI-assisted system with an interface for human screening to collect research-grade data about roosting behavior. We deploy the system to collect information from 12 radar stations in the Great Lakes region of the US spanning 21 years.The addition of temporal information improves roost detection performance from 47.0% mean average precision to 54.7%. Temporal information helps the model recognize the expanding pattern of roosts and filter false positives due to rain and static structures. Our system allowed the annotation of 15,628 roost signatures with 64,620 single-frame detections in 612,786 radar scans with 183.6 total hours of human screening, or 1.08 seconds per radar scan.Our AI-assisted system provides research-quality roost data with far less human effort than manual annotation of radar scans. The data contains critical information about the phenology and population trends of swallows and martins, a declining group of aerial insectivores. Our successful deployment to collect historical data for 8% of the radar stations in the contiguous US lays the groundwork for continentscale analysis of swallow roosts, and provides a starting point for analysis of other family-specific phenomena in weather radar, such as bat roosts and mayfly hatches.
LAD: an R package to estimate leaf angle distribution from measured leaf inclination angles
Authors: Chianucci Francesco , Cesaretti Lorenzo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLeaf angle distribution (LAD) is an important factor for characterizing the optical features of vegetation canopies. The characterization of LAD requires direct measurements of leaf inclination angles, which can be obtained from manual clinometer measurements or leveled digital photography.PackageLADallows to calculate the Leaf angle distribution (LAD) function and the G-function from measured leaf inclination angles. Using the package, the LAD distribution and G-function is derived by fitting a two parameter Beta distribution. Summary leaf angle statistics and distribution type is also calculated, by comparing the obtained LAD against theoretical distribution by de Wit (1965).
Retrieval and Savings of Contextual Fear Memories Across an Extended Retention Interval in Juvenile and Adult Male and Female Rats
Authors: Odynocki Natalie , Isaacs Zerah , Poulos Andrew M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdult rodents exhibit an exceptional ability to retrieve context fear memories across lengthy retention intervals. In contrast, these same memories established in juvenile rodents are susceptible to significant forgetting. While much of this original work has focused on male rodents, emerging research indicates that the mechanisms of context fear conditioning in females may be sexually dimorphic. If so, these female memories may exhibit a unique mnemonic profile from male rats that may be probed using single-trial conditioning, extended retention intervals, and savings procedures. The current study aimed to examine the longevity of contextual fear memories established in 24-day-old juvenile and 90-day-old Long-Evans male and female rats. Testing at the 1-day retention interval, adults exhibited greater conditioning than juvenile males, while in females, conditioning did not differ between juvenile and adult rats. In adults, males displayed greater conditioning than females, while in juveniles, males and females reached similar conditioning levels. At the 60-day retention interval, adult sex differences were maintained; however, juvenile rats failed to retrieve this remote contextual fear memory. Next, we examined whether a savings trial and test procedure could recover these remotely established juvenile memories in both males and females. Following a 60-day retention test, the now adult rats were presented with an additional context-shock pairing to assess the level of saving in both male and female rats. While this procedure produced greater conditioning in males than females, the relative amounts of the savings of this early life memory were similar in males and females. Lastly, the recovery of this memory exhibited significant generalization relative to previously unshocked juveniles and was similar in males and females. The results of these experiments indicate that adult sex differences in contextual fear memory are maintained across an extended retention interval, while in juveniles, there were no significant sex differences. In addition, male and female rats failed to retrieve an initial juvenile memory at an extended retention interval. However, these memories could be recovered with a single reminder of the original juvenile experience.