bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bronchodilator response by forced oscillation technique in a preterm infant with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A case report
Authors: Rigotti Camilla , Zannin Emanuela , Abdelfattah Abedulrhman S. , Ventura Maria Luisa , Dellacà Raffaele L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInhaled bronchodilators are often given in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, it is unclear which patients may benefit from it and when it is the best time to start treatment. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method for assessing lung mechanics that proved sensitive to airway obstruction reversibility in children and adults. FOT does not need patient cooperation, which is ideal for infants. Bedside tools for applying FOT in infants during spontaneous breathing and different respiratory support modes are becoming available. This case report illustrates for the first time that FOT has potential value in assessing airway obstruction reversibility in preterm infants, informing which infants may manifest a clinical benefit from the treatment with bronchodilators.
Survey of FMEA methods with improvement on performance inconsistency
Authors: Ouyang Linhan , Yan Ling , Han Mei , Gu Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is an effective risk assessment tool for detecting and reducing possible risks during a manufacturing process. However, traditional FMEA has some shortcomings when used in the real world. In recent years, improved FMEA approaches have been proposed to eliminate the inherent shortcomings of FMEA, but the risk ranking result obtained from those FMEA approaches may be inconsistent. Therefore, this paper integrates six FMEA approaches by using an ensemble learning technique to obtain comprehensive and reliable rankings for failure modes. Data from the assembly process of spark plugs are used to check the performance of the proposed method. Meanwhile, a comparation is designed to illustrate that the proposed FMEA method can not only obtain reliable results, but also provide meaningful management insights for practitioners.
A graph sequence neural architecture for code completion with semantic structure features
Authors: Yang Kang , Yu Huiqun , Fan Guisheng , Yang Xingguang , Huang Zijie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCode completion plays an important role in intelligent software development for accelerating coding efficiency. Recently, the prediction models based on deep learning have achieved good performance in code completion task. However, the existing models cannot avoid three drawbacks: (i) In the existing models, the code representation loses the information (parent–child information between nodes) and lacks many effective features (orientation between nodes). (ii) The known code structure information is not fully utilized, which will cause the model to generate completely irrelevant results. (iii) Simple sequence modeling ignores repeated patterns and structural information. Besides, previous works cannot capture the characteristics of correlation and directionality between nodes. In this paper, we propose a Code Completion approach named CC‐GGNN, which is graph model based on Gated Graph Neural Networks (GGNNs) to address the problems. We introduce a new architecture to obtain the effective code features from code representation. In order to utilize the known information, we propose Classification Mechanism, which classifies the representation of the node using the known parent node and constructs training graph in the model. The experimental results show that our model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods MRR@5 at most 9.2% and ACC at most 11.4% in datasets.
Evaluation of design pattern alternatives in Java
Authors: Bijlsma Lex A. , Kok Arjan J. F. , Passier Harrie J. M. , Pootjes Harold J. , Stuurman Sylvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesign patterns are standard solutions to common design problems. The famous Gang of Four book describes more than twenty design patterns for the object‐oriented paradigm. These patterns were developed more than twenty‐five years ago, using the programming language concepts available at that time. Patterns do not always fit underlying domain concepts. For example, even when a concrete strategy is a pure function, the classical strategy pattern represents this as a separate subclass and as such obscures the intent of this pattern with extra complexities due to the inheritance‐based implementation. Due to the ongoing development of oo‐languages, a relevant question is whether the implementation of these patterns can be improved using new language features, such that they fit more closely with the intent. An additional question is then how we can decide which implementation is to be preferred. In this article, we investigate both questions, using the strategy pattern as an example. Our main contribution is that we show how to reason about different implementations, using both the description of a design pattern and design principles as guidance.
Effect of the core sample in low aspect ratio on concrete compressive strength
Authors: Yang Suhang , Chen Chuan , Xu Zhifeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCores with diameters of 100, 75, and 50 mm and with varied length‐to‐diameter (l/d) ratios of 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6 were extracted from concrete panels of 11 different concrete mixtures and prepared in the lab. Compressive strength tests of concrete cores and cubic samples were performed at 7, 28, 60, and 120 days, respectively. Strengths of cores withl/dratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 could be converted by the strength correction coefficient into that of the core with thel/dratio of 1.0. The evidence for the reliability of compressive strength of cores with lowl/dratios is very seldom in literatures. The test results indicated that correction factors gradually decreased with the decrease inl/dratio, the strength of the core increased and the effect was more pronounced for cores with smaller diameter and the maximum aggregate size. Correction factors of cores drilled from river gravel aggregate concrete are slightly higher than that from crushed stone aggregate concrete. The longer the age of concrete is, the lower the correction coefficient becomes. The proposed correction factor values for core test samples with thel/dratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 differ from the prior researches. For compliance with the requirement of the test data variability, there is no reason to limit the ratio of aggregate sizes (da) to the diameter of the core (d) to a minimum of 3.0 (d/da). The results show that the concrete core with a diameter less than the standard size andl/dless than 1.0 can effectively reflect the variation of concrete strength with acceptable reliability. Drilling‐core with lowl/dratios will facilitate the reduction of the damage to the structures, so the members with thickness less than 150 mm (e.g., slab and shearwall) can be drilled and tested.
Disentangling the historical collection of José Jerónimo Triana from the República de la Nueva Granada between 1851 and 1857
Authors: Reinales Sandra , Parra‐O. Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe specimens collected by José Jerónimo Triana are an important legacy of the first major scientific expedition organized by the government of Nueva Granada, present‐day Colombia: the Chorographic Commission. After finishing his duties in the Commission, Triana gave to the Colombian government a complete set of his specimens in 1856, along with a catalog where he taxonomically organized and numbered his collections. After traveling to Europe in May 1857, carrying part of his herbarium, Triana prepared a new catalog in which he reorganized the numbering of his collections, and added at least three additional number series: the serial numbers (i.e., Triana “collection numbers”), the “Linden” numbers, and the number of duplicates for each gathering. The use of different number series in the two catalogs and on the labels of duplicates of the same gathering stored in numerous herbaria around the world has produced ambiguity in the designation of type specimens collected by Triana. These nomenclatural issues were analyzed, and a guideline is presented for lectotypifying plant names for which Triana's specimens were used as types. Sixty‐five Triana specimens already deposited in COL were newly identified as types of 62 species names from 36 families, after establishing their proper correspondence to duplicates currently stored in different European herbaria.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biheteroarenes via Dehydrogenative and Decarboxylative Coupling: a Decade Update
Authors: Majumder Souvik , Ghosh Sumit , Pyne Pranjal , Ghosh Anogh , Ghosh Debashis , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design and development of robust and efficient methods for installing one heterocycle with another is endowed as a ubiquitous and powerful synthetic strategy to access complex organic biheterocycles in recent days due to their pervasive applications in medicinal as well as material chemistry. This perspective presents an overview on the recent findings and developments for the synthesis of unsymmetrical biheteroarenes via dehydrogenative and decarboxylative couplings with literature coverage mainly extending from 2011 to 2021. For simplification of the readers, the article has been subcategorized based on the catalysts used in the reactions.
Preparation, characterization, and application of hydrogel derived from chitin with lithium chloride for growth and development of rosemary plants
Authors: Truong Trang Thi Cam , Kobayashi Takaomi , Van Tran Lam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the N,N‐dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) solution with different lithium chloride concentrations of 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 7 wt% by phase inversion in ethanol vapor to produce chitin hydrogels for plant growth. The chitin hydrogel prepared with a higher concentration of lithium chloride showed improvements in elastic and mechanical properties. The tensile strength was enhanced from 275.8 to 434 kPa for the chitin hydrogel with 3% and 7% of LiCl. While the reduction in water content suggested forming a denser hydrogel structure at higher LiCl concentrations; the water contact angle (WCA) value indicated that chitin‐derived hydrogels are hydrophilic. Moreover, the bio‐degradation experiment indicated the degradable percent of the chitin hydrogel placed in 10 mg/L of aqueous lysozyme solutions at 37°C increases during 7 to 28 days from 4.72 wt% to 5.45 wt%. The obtained hydrogel was suitable for the growth and development on rosemary plants. The condition CE15 with the hydrogel of 85 wt% chitin‐derived hydrogel and 15 wt% cellulose as best medium planting with the largest effect on the height, the crown's diameters and the number of level‐one branches of the rosemary plants.
The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI‐3 updates and global perspectives
Authors: Weber Christopher J. , Carrillo Maria C. , Jagust William , Jack Clifford R. , Shaw Leslie M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Saykin Andrew J. , Beckett Laurel A. , Sur Cyrille , Rao Naren P. , Mendez Patricio Chrem , Black Sandra E. , Li Kuncheng , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Chang Chiung‐Chih , Sosa Ana Luisa , Rowe Christopher C. , Perrin Richard J. , Morris John C. , Healan Amanda M.B. , Hall Stephen E. , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (WW‐ADNI) is a collaborative effort to investigate imaging and biofluid markers that can inform Alzheimer's disease treatment trials. It is a public‐private partnership that spans North America, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Taiwan. In 2004, ADNI researchers began a naturalistic, longitudinal study that continues today around the globe. Through several successive phases (ADNI‐1, ADNI‐GO, ADNI‐2, and ADNI‐3), the study has fueled amyloid and tau phenotyping and refined neuroimaging methodologies. WW‐ADNI researchers have successfully standardized analyses and openly share data without embargo, providing a rich data set for other investigators. On August 26, 2020, the Alzheimer's Association convened WW‐ADNI researchers who shared updates from ADNI‐3 and their vision for ADNI‐4.
Estimation of dementia prevalence at the local level in the United States
Authors: Bennett Erin E. , Kwan Abraham , Gianattasio Kan Z. , Engelman Brittany , Dowling N. Maritza , Power Melinda C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEnsuring adequate and equitable distribution of resources to support persons living with dementia relies on understanding the burden and distribution of dementia in a population. Our goal was to develop an approach to estimate dementia prevalence at the local level in the United States using publicly available data.MethodsOur approach combines publicly available data on dementia prevalence and demographic data from the US Census to estimate dementia prevalence. We illustrate this approach by estimating dementia prevalence in persons aged 65 and older in Philadelphia, PA; Chicago, IL; and Atlanta, GA.ResultsOverall, we estimate the prevalence of dementia among those 65 and older to be 11.9% in Philadelphia, 11.8% Chicago, and 12.3% in Atlanta. Estimates across Philadelphia localities vary from 9.3% to 15.9%.DiscussionOur approach provides a cost‐effective method to generate estimates of dementia prevalence at the local level.HIGHLIGHTS
Brain health needs assessments require understanding of local dementia prevalence.
Our approach can be used to estimate dementia prevalence in individual communities.
This information can inform decisions about distribution of resources.
Machine learning activation energies of chemical reactions
Authors: Lewis‐Atwell Toby , Townsend Piers A. , Grayson Matthew N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractApplication of machine learning (ML) to the prediction of reaction activation barriers is a new and exciting field for these algorithms. The works covered here are specifically those in which ML is trained to predict the activation energies of homogeneous chemical reactions, where the activation energy is given by the energy difference between the reactants and transition state of a reaction. Particular attention is paid to works that have applied ML to directly predict reaction activation energies, the limitations that may be found in these studies, and where comparisons of different types of chemical features for ML models have been made. Also explored are models that have been able to obtain high predictive accuracies, but with reduced datasets, using the Gaussian process regression ML model. In these studies, the chemical reactions for which activation barriers are modeled include those involving small organic molecules, aromatic rings, and organometallic catalysts. Also provided are brief explanations of some of the most popular types of ML models used in chemistry, as a beginner's guide for those unfamiliar.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and CatalysisComputer and Information Science > Visualization
Improving the Understanding of a Remote Environment by Immersive Man-Machine Interaction
Authors: Böken David , Schluse Michael , Rossmann Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract In a changing world, the way we interact with machines must change as well. Teleoperation becomes more important. This poses its own set of challenges. To solve these a new Human-Machine interface must be developed. By developing this HMI around the concept of immersion, these challenges can be solved. This new kind of HMI can be applied to different fields. Examples using forestry or remote robot operations are demonstrated.
Evaluation of ML-Based Grasping Approaches in the Field of Automated Assembly
Authors: Petrovic Oliver , Blanke Philipp , Belke Manuel , Wefelnberg Eike , Storms Simon , Brecher Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent trends in the manufacturing industry lead to high competitive pressure and requirements regarding process autonomy and flexibility in the production environment. Especially in assembly, automation systems are confronted with a high number of variants. Robot-based processes are a powerful tool for addressing these challenges. For this purpose, robots must be made capable of grasping a variety of diverse components, which are often provided in unknown poses. In addition to existing analytical algorithms, empirical ML-based approaches have been developed, which offer great potentials in increasing flexibility. In this paper, the functionalities and potentials of these approaches will be presented and then compared to the requirements from production processes in order to analyze the status quo of ML-based grasping. Functional gaps are identified that still need to be overcome in order to enable the technology for the use in industrial assembly.
An Invitation to Civic Dialogue
Authors: Brown Marvin T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThose of us who have benefited from the climate of injustice need an invitation from others to join with them in changing our social climate to a climate of justice. The controversaries over national monuments opens the door to explore the question of who needs an invitation from whom and what white people need to learn in order to respond to the civilian invitation from others. The others include future generations, Syrian refugees, migrants at our Southern border, and personal invitations from People of Color. Personal invitations depend on our aptitude in engaging in dialogue, as is illustrated by an imaginary dialogue involving a white man and a black woman. Such dialogues can create the conditions for good conversations, and these conversation can move us toward a climate of justice—an ethical foundation for developing policies to protect our habitat for future generations.
Article 16: The Right to Protection of Privacy
Authors: Whalen Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a brief overview of article 16 of the UN Convention on the rights of the child and of its legislative history as outlined in the Travaux Préparatoires. It outlines the principle threats to children’s privacy today and summarizes the substantive content of Article 16, particularly in relation to the General Principles of child rights in Articles 2, 3, 6, and 12, as well as the nexus between the right to privacy and several other rights of children under the Convention as well as other international human rights instruments. It then puts forward four main attributes of the child’s right to privacy as aspects of the right which State Parties should monitor as a means of measuring the effective implementation of Article 16. The essential attributes of Article 16 and the child’s right to privacy are State protection against: (1) interference with privacy; (2) interference with family, home or correspondence; (3) unlawful attacks upon honour and reputation; and (4) protection of the law against unlawful interference or attacks.
Vergleich der Wirkung der explorativen Tympanoskopie inkl. Obliteration der runden/ovalen Fensternische mit autologem Bindegewebe mit intratympanalen Kortikoidinjektionen bei der Behandlung des Hörsturzes
Authors: Eichhorn Thomas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie intra-/transtympanalen Steroidinjektionen (ITST) stellen unseres Erachtens das Verfahren in der Behandlung des Hörsturzes dar, das in seinem Indikationsbereich mit dem der explorativen Tympanoskopie einschließlich Abdichtung des runden/ovalen Fensters (TYMP) am ehesten verglichen werden kann und zur Zeit sicher von beiden Methoden weltweit (noch) am häufigsten im Second-Line-Vorgehen Verwendung findet. Deshalb sollen in diesem Kapitel die aus der Literatur ableitbaren Hördaten beider Therapieregimes einander gegenübergestellt werden.
Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) Value Chains
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Wardhan Harsh , Sharma Pravesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTomatoes, onions and potatoes, popularly known as the TOP vegetables, are the three largest cultivated, produced and consumed vegetables in India. Their production has increased dramatically over the years, making India the second-largest producer of all the three vegetables in the world just after China. Recent figures put tomato production at 19 million metric tonnes (MMT), onion production at 22.8 MMT and potato production at 50.2 MMT in 2018–19.
Pulses Value Chain- Pigeon Pea and Gram
Authors: Ganguly Kavery , Gulati Ashok 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPulses form an important part of agriculture in India given that the country is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. Owing to their natural resilience to extreme weather conditions, low water requirements and being environmentally benign, pulses have been traditionally a smallholder’s crop. However, with poor price realization, farmers are switching towards other remunerative crops such as sugarcane, soybean, among others. Unlike rice and wheat, pulses are not covered by the regular public procurement system which makes marketing of pulses at fair and remunerative prices a challenge for the farmers. Pulses are no longer a poor man’s diet given the escalating consumer prices. Nonetheless, it is considered as an important source of protein (given the large vegetarian diet base in India), consumption of which is being promoted to address the observed protein gap in the diets. Over time, per capita availability of pulses has declined like other traditional cereals. With changing consumption patterns and emerging dietary deficiencies, there is scope for enhancing consumption of pulses through traditional and value-added products.
Fiscal sustainability and low interest rates: what an indicator can(’t) tell
Authors: Werding Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe indicator that is commonly used to assess the long-term fiscal sustainability of public finances in EU member states (“S2”) is also defined if government borrowing rates are assumed to be permanently lower than the growth rate of GDP. Under these circumstances, however, it no longer provides a reliable orientation for fiscal policy. I illustrate these findings based on simulations prepared for the Fifth Sustainability Report published by the German Federal Ministry of Finance. In addition, I discuss the interpretation of the indicator in a low-interest environment and the assumption that relevant interest rates may continue to be low if there are substantial challenges for fiscal sustainability,e.g., through demographic ageing.
Acylindrical hyperbolicity for Artin groups of dimension 2
Authors: Vaskou Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we show that every irreducible 2-dimensional Artin group$$A_{\Gamma }$$AΓof rank at least 3 is acylindrically hyperbolic. We do this by studying the action of$$A_\Gamma $$AΓon its modified Deligne complex. Along the way, we prove results of independent interests on the geometry of links of this complex.