bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring middle school students' interests in computationally intensive science careers: The CISCI instrument validation and intervention
Authors: Rachmatullah Arif , Wiebe Eric N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComputationally intensive science (CIS)‐related disciplines and careers are predicted to be among the cutting‐edge fields and high‐demand jobs. Such disciplines and careers demand expertise in both traditional scientific knowledge and computer science (CS)‐related understanding and skills. Preparing educational systems for developing interest and abilities for such career paths require a new set of research tools. In this study, we developed and validated a multidimensional instrument called computationally intensive science career interests (CISCI) to measure middle school students' interests in CIS careers. We also explored several predictors of students' interests in such careers and examined the impact of a 4‐day online synchronous scientific computational modeling activity on students' career interests. A total of 934 Indonesian middle school students (aged 11–14) participated in this study. A combination of the classical test theory and item response theory approaches was used to validate the CISCI instrument. Multiple linear regression tests were run to identify the predictors of students' career interests, and paired‐sample t‐tests were used to examine a scientific computational modeling activity's impact on students' career interests. The results revealed that CISCI was a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' career interests. We also found that science and CS attitudes, computational thinking, and prior experience in CS‐related activities were significant predictors of students' career interests. In addition, computational modeling activity significantly influenced the frequency of students discussing such career paths with their parents. This study underscores the importance of engaging students in CS‐integrated science learning activities to help develop their interests in CIS jobs.
Batch Nanofabrication of Suspended Single 1D Nanoheaters for Ultralow‐Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor‐Based Gas Sensors
Authors: Kim Taejung , Cho Wootaek , Kim Beomsang , Yeom Junyeong , Kwon Yeong Min , Baik Jeong Min , Kim Jae Joon , Shin Heungjoo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe demand for power‐efficient micro‐and nanodevices is increasing rapidly. In this regard, electrothermal nanowire‐based heaters are promising solutions for the ultralow‐power devices required in IoT applications. Herein, a method is demonstrated for producing a 1D nanoheater by selectively coating a suspended pyrolyzed carbon nanowire backbone with a thin Au resistive heater layer and utilizing it in a portable gas sensor system. This sophisticated nanostructure is developed without complex nanofabrication and nanoscale alignment processes, owing to the suspended architecture and built‐in shadow mask. The suspended carbon nanowires, which are batch‐fabricated using carbon‐microelectromechanical systems technology, maintain their structural and functional integrity in subsequent nanopatterning processes because of their excellent mechanical robustness. The developed nanoheater is used in gas sensors via user‐designable localization of the metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials onto the central region of the nanoheater at the desired temperature. This allows the sensing site to be uniformly heated, enabling reliable and sensitive gas detection. The 1D nanoheater embedded gas sensor can be heated immediately to 250 °C at a remarkably low power of 1.6 mW, surpassing the performance of state‐of‐the‐art microheater‐based gas sensors. The presented technology offers facile 1D nanoheater production and promising pathways for applications in various electrothermal devices.
In‐Operando Lithium‐Ion Transport Tracking in an All‐Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Kobayashi Takane , Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Osawa Takahiro , Pratt Andrew , Tear Steve , Shimoda Susumu , Baba Hidetada , Laitinen Mikko , Sajavaara Timo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn all‐solid‐state battery is a secondary battery that is charged and discharged by the transport of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes. To fully realize the significant benefits of this battery technology, for example, higher energy densities, faster charging times, and safer operation, it is essential to understand how lithium ions are transported and distributed in the battery during operation. However, as the third lightest element, methods for quantitatively analyzing lithium during operation of an all‐solid‐state device are limited such that real‐time tracking of lithium transport has not yet been demonstrated. Here, the authors report that the transport of lithium ions in an all‐solid‐state battery is quantitatively tracked in near real time by utilizing a high‐intensity thermal neutron source and lithium‐6 as a tracer in a thermal neutron‐induced nuclear reaction. Furthermore, the authors show that the lithium‐ion migration mechanism and pathway through the solid electrolyte can be determined by in‐operando tracking. From these results, the authors suggest that the development of all‐solid‐state batteries has entered a phase where further advances can be carried out while understanding the transport of lithium ions in the batteries.
Cell Membrane‐Anchoring Nano‐Photosensitizer for Light‐Controlled Calcium‐Overload and Tumor‐Specific Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Gao Min , Yang Tianhao , Qin Weiji , Wang Qian , Huang Mingyue , Peng Hui , Shao Meng , Yao Wanqing , Yi Xiaoqing , Sun Gengyun , He Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoor selectivity and unintended toxicity to normal organs are major challenges in calcium ion (Ca2+) overload tumor therapy. To address this issue, a cell membrane‐anchoring nano‐photosensitizer (CMA‐nPS) is constructed for inducing tumor‐specific Ca2+ overload through multistage endogenous Ca2+ homeostasis disruption under light guidance, i.e., the extracellular Ca2+ influx caused by cell membrane damage, followed by the intracellular Ca2+ imbalance caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. CMA‐nPS is decorated by two types of functionalized cell membranes, the azide‐modified macrophage cell membrane is used to conjugate the dibenzocyclooctyne‐decorated photosensitizer, and the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV‐G)‐modified NIH3T3 cell membrane is used to guide the anchoring of photosensitizer to the lung cancer cell membrane. The in vitro study shows that CMA‐nPS mainly anchors on the cell membrane, and further causes membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as intracellular Ca2+ overload upon light irradiation. Synergistically enhanced antitumor efficiency is observed in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a new synergistic strategy for Ca2+‐overload‐based cancer therapy, as well as a strategy for anchoring photosensitizer on the cell membrane, offering broad application prospects for the treatment of lung cancer.
Spatial Transcriptomics‐Based Identification of Molecular Markers for Nanomedicine Distribution in Tumor Tissue
Authors: Park Jeongbin , Choi Jinyeong , Lee Jae Eun , Choi Hongyoon , Im Hyung‐Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe intratumoral accumulation of nanomedicine has been considered a passive process, referred to as the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Recent studies have suggested that the tumor uptake of nanomedicines follows an energy‐dependent pathway rather than being a passive process. Herein, to explore the factor candidates that are associated with nanomedicine tumor uptake, a molecular marker identification platform is developed by integrating microscopic fluorescence images of a nanomedicine distribution with spatial transcriptomics information. When this approach is applied to PEGylated liposomes, molecular markers related to hypoxia, glycolysis, and apoptosis can be identified as being related to the intratumoral distribution of the nanomedicine. It is expected that the method can be applied to explain the distribution of a wide range of nanomedicines and that the data obtained from this analysis can enhance the precise utilization of nanomedicines.
Reproductive tract infection caused by Kocuria kristinae in an entire female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)
Authors: Bassan Tiziana , Cobos Alex , Mallol Claudia , Abarca Maria Lourdes , Martorell Jaume 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe presence of a cloaca in the reproductive tract of marsupials may predispose them to ascending infections. A 7‐year‐old, entire, female sugar glider presented with abdominal swelling. Whole‐body radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the abdomen. Initial treatment included meloxicam, buprenorphine and subcutaneous fluids. Abdominal exploratory surgery revealed a severe purulent distention of the reproductive tract with multiple adhesions to the intestines, both ureters, urinary bladder and spleen. Because reproductive tissue removal was not feasible, an incision in the mass was performed, the pus aspirated and it was flushed with saline. A biopsy of the affected tissue was indicative of chronic suppurative endometritis. The microbiological culture and biochemical characterisation revealed Kocuria kristinae. The animal was discharged with azithromycin for 1 month and there were no complications over the ensuing 9‐month period. This pathogen should be considered in the differential diagnosis of reproductive tract infections in female sugar gliders.
Study on the catalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 and the potential mechanism by ferrous–percarbonate
Authors: Huang Fengyun , Wang Huan , Ruan Xinchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFactors affecting the degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) were evaluated and optimized when ferrous was used to catalyze percarbonate in the present study. The optimized conditions included the initial pH values ranging from 3 to 11 for AO7 solution, the initial level of AO7, sodium percarbonate (SPC), and Fe2+. Some ions and natural organic materials, which commonly exist in natural water, were also tested to evaluate their potential impacts on the degradation of AO7. The degradation efficiency of AO7 was up to 95% under the optimized test conditions, where the ferrous/percarbonate/AO7 molar ratio was 15/10/1 in the 0.285 mmol/l AO7 aqueous solution. The presence of Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Na+, and Mg2+ did not affect the removal of AO7. The addition of HCO3− significantly inhibited its removal, even when the concentration of HCO3− was low to 0.6 mmol/l. A slight inhibition effect was observed when the added concentration of humic acid ranged from 0.5 to 5 mg/l, whereas the residue of AO7 was significantly enhanced when the level of humic acid was continually increased from 50 to 100 mg/l. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the main reactive intermediates controlling the oxidation of AO7 in the present Fe2+/SPC system. The produced intermediates through the degradation of AO7 were identified to include 2‐coumaranone, 2‐naphthol, phthalic acid, phthalimide, N‐methylnaphthylamine, and 2‐methylphenol. The proposed degradation pathways are consistent with the radical formation and the identified intermediates.Practitioner Points

The ferrous/percarbonate system can remove 95% of AO7 under the optimized conditions.
AO7 removal was inhibited by adding HCO3− and humic acid, but not affected by Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Na+, and Mg2+.
Hydroxylation, ring opening, and mineralization driven by the generated hydroxyl radicals were derived as the major processes for degrading AO7.
Insights into the sperm chromatin and implications for male infertility from a protein perspective
Authors: de la Iglesia Alberto , Jodar Meritxell , Oliva Rafael , Castillo Judit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMale germ cells undergo an extreme but fascinating process of chromatin remodeling that begins in the testis during the last phase of spermatogenesis and continues through epididymal sperm maturation. Most of the histones are replaced by small proteins named protamines, whose high basicity leads to a tight genomic compaction. This process is epigenetically regulated at many levels, not only by posttranslational modifications, but also by readers, writers, and erasers, in a context of a highly coordinated postmeiotic gene expression program. Protamines are key proteins for acquiring this highly specialized chromatin conformation, needed for sperm functionality. Interestingly, and contrary to what could be inferred from its very specific DNA‐packaging function across protamine‐containing species, human sperm chromatin contains a wide spectrum of protamine proteoforms, including truncated and posttranslationally modified proteoforms. The generation of protamine knock‐out models revealed not only chromatin compaction defects, but also collateral sperm alterations contributing to infertile phenotypes, evidencing the importance of sperm chromatin protamination toward the generation of a new individual. The unique features of sperm chromatin have motivated its study, applying from conventional to the most ground‐breaking techniques to disentangle its peculiarities and the cellular mechanisms governing its successful conferment, especially relevant from the protein point of view due to the important epigenetic role of sperm nuclear proteins. Gathering and contextualizing the most striking discoveries will provide a global understanding of the importance and complexity of achieving a proper chromatin compaction and exploring its implications on postfertilization events and beyond.This article is categorized under:
Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Satellite and hypersatellite structure of Mα1,2 x‐ray transitions in thorium excited by fast oxygen ions
Authors: Czarnota Martyna , Pajek Marek , Banaś Dariusz , Polasik Marek , Słabkowska Katarzyna , Dousse Jean‐Claude , Maillard Yves‐Patrick , Mauron Olivier , Berset Michel , Raboud Pierre‐Alexandre , Hoszowska Joanna , Chmielewska Danuta , Rzadkiewicz Jacek , Sujkowski Ziemowid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe high‐resolution spectra of thorium Mα1,2 (M5 → N6,7) and Mβ1 (M4 → N6) x‐ray lines induced by an impact of O ions with energy 376.0 MeV were measured using a von Hamos crystal spectrometer in order to study the x‐ray emission from multiple ionized atoms. The observed x‐rays have been interpreted in terms of the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac‐Fock (MCDF) calculations performed for dominating vacancy configurations expected to contribute to the measured spectra. Due to the complexity of such calculations for selected multi‐vacancy configurations the simplified average <MCDF> model, combining the MCDF calculations and binomial distribution of vacancies has been used. The measured spectra clearly exhibit a rich structure of Mα1,2 x‐ray satellites of thorium, including the transitions from the multivacancy initial configurations M−1N−n as well as the hypersatellites corresponding to the transitions in complex multivacancy initial configurations M−mN−n (m,n ≤ 4). The present interpretation of the measured satellite/hypersatellite structure of Mα1,2 (M5 → N6,7) x‐ray transitions allows us to determine the ionization probabilities for the M‐ and N‐shell in central collisions. The measured ionization probabilities are compared with the theoretical predictions of the geometrical model (GM), and the semiclassical approximation (SCA) using both the Dirac hydrogenic and Dirac‐Hartree‐Fock selfconsistent wave functions.
Global Environmental Governance and ODA from Japan to Brazil
Authors: Masukata Shuichiro , Inoue Cristina Yumie Aoki , Sant’Anna Nanahira de Rabelo e 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBoth Brazil and Japan have been active in global environmental governance, have signed important multilateral environmental agreements, and both have committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The two countries have been historical partners in development cooperation/assistance since 1959. Starting with a broad concept of development cooperation (assistance), this study aims at assessing the contributions and impacts of this specific type of cooperative relationship between the two countries. Using a global environmental governance analytical framework, the research assesses the Japanese official development assistance (ODA) and interrogates its contribution to and impacts on environmental protection and sustainable development in Brazil. Through literature review, document analysis, and interviews, we identify development cooperation programs and projects implemented in the period of 1981–2020 and present two cases, one in the Cerrado (PRODECER) and the other in the Amazon (SAF—Tomé-Açu), to analyze how global environmental commitments guide (or not) the provision of ODA. Such analysis is relevant to understanding global trends of environmental governance at the subnational and local levels. We argue that the environmental dimension has been incorporated into ODA projects, according to global commitments. However, more must be achieved to meet global environmental challenges.
Boosting to BMS
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Banerjee Aritra , Muraki Hisayoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetries, or equivalently Conformal Carroll symmetries, are intrinsically associated to null manifolds and in two dimensions can be obtained as an Inönü-Wigner contraction of the two-dimensional (2d) relativistic conformal algebra. Instead of performing contractions, we demonstrate in this paper how this transmutation of symmetries can be achieved by infinite boosts or degenerate linear transformations on coordinates. Taking explicit cues from the worldsheet theory of null strings, we show boosting the system is equivalent to adding a current-current deformation term to the Hamiltonian. As the strength of this deformation term reaches a critical value, the classical symmetry algebra “flows” from two copies of Virasoro to the BMS algebra. We further explore the situation where the CFT coordinates are asymmetrically transformed, and degenerate limits lead to chiral theories.
Long-term osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in simulated microgravity: novel proteins sighted
Authors: Montagna Giulia , Pani Giuseppe , Flinkman Dani , Cristofaro Francesco , Pascucci Barbara , Massimino Luca , Lamparelli Luigi Antonio , Fassina Lorenzo , James Peter , Coffey Eleanor , Rea Giuseppina , Visai Livia , Rizzo Angela Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrogravity-induced bone loss is a major concern for space travelers. Ground-based microgravity simulators are crucial to study the effect of microgravity exposure on biological systems and to address the limitations posed by restricted access to real space. In this work, for the first time, we adopt a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes underlying the response of human bone marrow stromal cells to long-term simulated microgravity exposure during osteogenic differentiation. Our results show that osteogenic differentiation is reduced while energy metabolism is promoted. We found novel proteins were dysregulated under simulated microgravity, including CSC1-like protein, involved in the mechanotransduction of pressure signals, and PTPN11, SLC44A1 and MME which are involved in osteoblast differentiation pathways and which may become the focus of future translational projects. The investigation of cell proteome highlighted how simulated microgravity affects a relatively low number of proteins compared to time and/or osteogenic factors and has allowed us to reconstruct a hypothetical pipeline for cell response to simulated microgravity. Further investigation focused on the application of nanomaterials may help to increase understanding of how to treat or minimize the effects of microgravity.
Choosing the right tool: Leveraging of plant genetic resources in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) benefits from selection of a suitable genomic prediction model
Authors: Berkner Marcel O. , Schulthess Albert W. , Zhao Yusheng , Jiang Yong , Oppermann Markus , Reif Jochen C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Key message
Genomic prediction of genebank accessions benefits from the consideration of additive-by-additive epistasis and subpopulation-specific marker effects.

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other species of the Triticum genus are well represented in genebank collections worldwide. The substantial genetic diversity harbored by more than 850,000 accessions can be explored for their potential use in modern plant breeding. Characterization of these large number of accessions is constrained by the required resources, and this fact limits their use so far. This limitation might be overcome by engaging genomic prediction. The present study compared ten different genomic prediction approaches to the prediction of four traits, namely flowering time, plant height, thousand grain weight, and yellow rust resistance, in a diverse set of 7745 accession samples from Germany’s Federal ex situ genebank at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Gatersleben. Approaches were evaluated based on prediction ability and robustness to the confounding influence of strong population structure. The authors propose the wide application of extended genomic best linear unbiased prediction due to the observed benefit of incorporating additive-by-additive epistasis. General and subpopulation-specific additive ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction, which accounts for subpopulation-specific marker-effects, was shown to be a good option if contrasting clusters are encountered in the analyzed collection. The presented findings reaffirm that the trait’s genetic architecture as well as the composition and relatedness of the training set and test set are major driving factors for the accuracy of genomic prediction.
Comparing Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Body Composition Changes in Metabolically Healthy and Metabolically Unhealthy Severely Obese Patients: Tehran Obesity Treatment Study (TOTS)
Authors: Heidari Almasi Minoo , Barzin Maryam , Mahdavi Maryam , Khalaj Alireza , Ebrahimi Danial , Valizadeh Majid , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong two popular obesity phenotypes, metabolically healthy severely obese (MHSO) and metabolically unhealthy severely obese (MUSO), it is important to clarify whether or not those with MHSO phenotype would benefit from bariatric surgery in terms of an improvement in body composition parameters.MethodsA prospective cohort was conducted on a total of 4028 participants (1404 MHSO and 2624 MUSO) who underwent bariatric surgery; MHSO was defined as having abnormalities in none or one of these four parameters: systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high‐density lipoprotein. Otherwise, the definition of MUSO was met. Body composition analysis was performed at the baseline and 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, and 36‐month post‐surgery using bioelectrical impedance analyzer.ResultsBoth phenotypes showed a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) and a significant increase in EWL% and TWL% (Ptrend < 0.05). FFM, FM%, and excess weight loss (EWL%) were significantly different between the two phenotypes (Pbetween < 0.05) during the follow‐up. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that compared to MUSO patients, MHSO individuals experienced a greater increase in total weight loss (TWL%) and EWL% at 12‐ and 24‐month and in EWL% at 36‐month post‐surgery and also a lower decrease in the FFML/WL% after 12 months.ConclusionDespite a lower decrease of FFML/WL% and a greater increase in TWL and EWL in MHSO phenotype at some time points, there were no clinically significant differences between the study groups in terms of body composition changes throughout the follow‐up period.