bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memristive devices based hardware for unlabeled data processing
Authors: Xiao Zhuojian , Yan Bonan , Zhang Teng , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Unlabeled data processing is of great significance for artificial intelligence (AI), since well-structured labeled data are scarce in a majority of practical applications due to the high cost of human annotation of labeling data. Therefore, automatous analysis of unlabeled datasets is important, and relevant algorithms for processing unlabeled data, such as k-means clustering, restricted Boltzmann machine and locally competitive algorithms etc, play a critical role in the development of AI techniques. Memristive devices offer potential for power and time efficient implementation of unlabeled data processing due to their unique properties in neuromorphic and in-memory computing. This review provides an overview of the design principles and applications of memristive devices for various unlabeled data processing and cognitive AI tasks.
Ideals
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Ideals’ considers that ideals have a way of colliding with reality in every life. In Beethoven’s case, the distance between the two was more extreme than most, the collision more severe. His ideals—the principles by which he lived—grew out of a mixture of religious, ethical, and philosophical beliefs. His reality was the need to earn a living in a world of sound he was increasingly unable to hear. His correspondence, the Heiligenstadt Testament, and his diary all bear witness to a lifelong effort to articulate his vision of what he could become and what he could accomplish.
The music
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘The music’ shows that Beethoven wrote in virtually every genre of his time: symphonies, concertos, overtures, sonatas of all kinds, trios, quartets, quintets, and larger chamber ensembles, songs, oratorio, opera, and sacred music. And while listeners today enjoy easy access to program notes that describe individual works in detail, broader perspectives can also help us understand the music at a still deeper level. This chapter examines Beethoven’s numbering of his publications (those with and without opus numbers), the implications of the descriptive titles he gave to some of his works, the question of whether instrumental music has “meaning” outside of itself, and the expectations listeners of his time would have had toward any of the genres in which he wrote.
Evangelicalism expands
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘Evangelicalism expands’ examines the expansion of evangelicalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was the entrepreneurial Charles Grandison Finney who carried the bulk of evangelicalism with him: not only mass evangelists, but the twentieth-century church growth movement, the booming megachurches, and other approaches to evangelism based on the social science of missiology. Revivals would continue to break out regionally over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Greater Britain and America—and well beyond. It is worth also considering the coming of the denominational mission societies and “faith missions” and Evangelicals’ understanding of gender roles. Pentecostalism emerged in a major American city and soon went worldwide.
Inversion of large-scale gravity data with application of VNet
Authors: Huang R , Zhang Y , Vatankhah S , Liu S , Qi R 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY
Inversion of large-scale gravity data set is generally a challenging problem due to memory requirements and computational costs. In this study, based on VNet, we present an efficient strategy for the large-scale gravity inverse problem by simultaneously tackling several base-scale gravity data. We first construct a large number of base-scale geological models including gravity sources, with different shapes and dimensions, and also their forward model data sets. Then, the idea of semantic segmentation is used to train an inversion network. In the next step, a finite number of base-scale and similar size area of gravity data, clipped from the original large data set with a fixed stride, are fed into the trained network. Finally, the individual recovered models are combined to provide the inversion result for the whole subsurface area. The feasibility and effectiveness of the presented inversion algorithm are tested on a large-scale complicated synthetic model. The algorithm is, then, verified for the inversion of the gravity data set obtained over the Morro do Engenho complex in central Brazil.
Enhancement of direct waves based on the probability density function of seismic wave amplitudes
Authors: Oshima Mitsutaka , Takenaka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY
The enhancement of direct waves in seismic records is desirable in various seismological situations, where the accurate picking of seismic phases is necessary for hypocentre location, spectral inversion, waveform inversion and seismic tomography. In this study, we developed a new method to enhance direct waves in seismic waveforms based on the statistical distribution (probability density function, PDF) of the amplitudes of waveforms. The seismic waveform changes from a direct wave to a coda wave as time proceeds, which also causes the PDF of its amplitude to vary with time. The PDF becomes similar to a Gaussian or Rayleigh distribution with time, and hence, direct waves can be enhanced using the dissimilarity between the PDF of the amplitude of the seismic waveform and the Gaussian or Rayleigh distribution. In the proposed method, the Kullback–Leibler divergence is used to measure dissimilarity and it is applied as a weight. We confirmed that the method can effectively enhance direct P and S waves by applying it to seismic records of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, synthetic waveforms with noise and volcanic events. The method was also applied to waveforms of the 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, which revealed that direct waves were enhanced, and an overview of the wave field and rupture process was obtained. The proposed method can detect direct waves even from subevents, thereby producing detailed information on the earthquake rupture process. We detected two significant pulses and determined their source location and rupture times. The estimated pulse sources were consistent with parts of the rupture scenario proposed by the previous studies. In addition, for local and teleseismic event records, the proposed method was compared with other methods to study its merits and demerits. The present method can enhance seismic phases on records of local and teleseismic events. Our method detects or enhances direct waves based neither on their amplitudes nor on their temporal variations but on the statistical distribution of their amplitudes, which has both advantages and disadvantages. Although polarization filtering is a powerful method that can enhance seismic phases, it requires three-component waveforms. The proposed method can be applied even to a single component record, which is a significant advantage.
Kinematic Trajectories in Response to Speed Perturbations in Walking Suggest Modular Task-Level Control of Leg Angle and Length
Authors: Schwaner M J , Nishikawa K C , Daley M A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Navigating complex terrains requires dynamic interactions between the substrate, musculoskeletal, and sensorimotor systems. Current perturbation studies have mostly used visible terrain height perturbations, which do not allow us to distinguish among the neuromechanical contributions of feedforward control, feedback-mediated, and mechanical perturbation responses. Here, we use treadmill-belt speed perturbations to induce a targeted perturbation to foot speed only, and without terrain-induced changes in joint posture and leg loading at stance onset. Based on previous studies suggesting a proximo-distal gradient in neuromechanical control, we hypothesized that distal joints would exhibit larger changes in joint kinematics, compared to proximal joints. Additionally, we expected birds to use feedforward strategies to increase the intrinsic stability of gait. To test these hypotheses, seven adult guinea fowl were video recorded while walking on a motorized treadmill, during both steady and perturbed trials. Perturbations consisted of repeated exposures to a deceleration and acceleration of the treadmill-belt speed. Surprisingly, we found that joint angular trajectories and center of mass fluctuations remain very similar, despite substantial perturbation of foot velocity by the treadmill belt. Hip joint angular trajectories exhibit the largest changes, with the birds adopting a slightly more flexed position across all perturbed strides. Additionally, we observed increased stride duration across all strides, consistent with feedforward changes in the control strategy. The speed perturbations mainly influenced the timing of stance and swing, with the largest kinematic changes in the strides directly following a deceleration. Our findings do not support the general hypothesis of a proximo-distal gradient in joint control, as distal joint kinematics remain largely unchanged. Instead, we find that leg angular trajectory and the timing of stance and swing are most sensitive to this specific perturbation, and leg length actuation remains largely unchanged. Our results are consistent with modular task-level control of leg length and leg angle actuation, with different neuromechanical control and perturbation sensitivity in each actuation mode. Distal joints appear to be sensitive to changes in vertical loading but not foot fore-aft velocity. Future directions should include in vivo studies of muscle activation and force–length dynamics to provide more direct evidence of the sensorimotor control strategies for stability in response to belt-speed perturbations.
Wave velocity in shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formation in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Liu Zichun , Peng Rong , Li Xiangyang , Du Xiangdong , Zhu Zhenyu , Li Xin , Li Huafei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Analyzing the pattern of wave velocity is important for velocity prediction and amplitude-versus-offset analysis during unconventional seismic exploration. Several parameters, including the maturity and microstructure of organic matter (OM), the wave velocity, the mineral composition and the density of shale from Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Lower Silurian Longmaxi, formations were experimentally evaluated in this study. To investigate the factors influencing the wave velocity, the obtained data were analyzed together with numerical calculations and previous experimental results. A theoretical model of an anisotropic differential equivalent medium (DEM) was then established and the following conclusions were drawn: (i) different from Bakken shale, OM in the Wufeng-Longmaxi (WL) shale is over-mature and patchy, with higher elastic parameters for the kerogen; (ii) different from other areas, the amount of kerogen (being over-mature) in WL shale is not correlated with the wave velocity; (iii) bogenic quartz minerals were abundant in the tested samples, and their amount was positively correlated with OM, whereas OM was negatively correlated with the amount of clay; (iv) clay, quartz and kerogen contents had different association with the rock skeleton, resulting in a V-shaped relationship between the quartz content and wave impedance, with the slope of the growing branch being higher than that of the decreasing branch and (v) the anisotropic DEM model effectively proves the influence of OM maturity and patch shape on shale velocity. Also, the V-shaped relationship between quartz and wave impedance caused by skeleton change are verified. This study provides valuable data as well as a theoretical basis for seismic interpretations in the study area.
Crustal structures beneath the Northern Jiangsu Basin and its surrounding areas: implications for geothermal prospecting
Authors: He Kai , Huang Rong , Xu Yixian , Hu Shaoqian , Wei Penglong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the recordings of 42 permanent seismic stations in Northern Jiangsu Basin (NJB) and its surrounding areas, we obtained both the sediment and crustal thickness in the region, using the nearest-neighbor algorithm and H–κ stacking method of receiver functions. We proposed a solution to use the sediment thickness to correct the depth of actual Moho discontinuity beneath the basin areas. Our results indicate that the sediment thickness in the northwest of the NJB is &lt;1 km. We suggest that the southeastern border of the NJB should extend to the Yangzhou-Rudong area. The results of Moho variations show that the undulations of the Moho beneath the western NJB retains the traces of the sinistral shearing movement of the Tan-Lu Fault since the Miocene. Finally, we suggest the area around the Gaoyou city to be a prospective area for geothermal exploration.
Precise prediction of the collapse column based on channel wave spectral disparity characteristics and velocity tomography imaging
Authors: Wu Yanhui , Zhu Guowei , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Collapse columns are complex geological anomalies that present safety hazards in coal mines. In practice, the boundaries and internal features are difficult to finely characterize. In this study, we use the Jeffrey divergence to reveal the spectral disparity when the channel wave seismic ray path encounters a collapse column. We use the forward mode and applications for verification. We find that the centroid peak frequency shifts toward lower frequencies, the frequency band narrows and the rays through a collapse column cause attenuation of energy. When a seismic ray path encounters a large collapse column, no channel wave appears in the seismic record, the dispersion curve velocity is greater than the velocity of a normal coal seam, the centroid peak frequency drops and the frequency band shrinks. When a seismic ray passes through the boundary of a collapse column, the dispersion curve shows two parallel velocity phases. When a seismic ray path passes through a small collapse column, the decrease in the centroid frequency becomes the only identifying feature. The proposed channel wave spectral disparity characteristic and velocity tomography imaging method can effectively identify small collapse columns and improve the accuracy and precision of the location of collapse column boundaries, with a position deviation of less than 10 m.
Modified viscoelastic wavefield simulations in the time domain using the new fractional Laplacians
Authors: Zhang Yabing , Liu Yang , Zhu Hejun , Chen Tongjun , Li Juanjuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Accurately characterizing seismic attenuation effects on wave propagations is crucially important for structure interpretation and reservoir evaluation. The conventional fractional viscoelastic wave equation is not satisfactory on accuracy for small Q values. To solve this issue, we derive a novel fractional viscoelastic wave equation by combining an accurate relationship between angular frequency and complex wavenumber. The dissipation- and dispersion-dominated wave equations are also derived to simulate the amplitude-dissipation and phase-dispersion characteristics. The truncated Taylor-series expansion (TE) algorithm is developed to approximate the mixed-domain operators. After that, the generalized pseudospectral approach can be directly used to solve the new wave equation. In addition, an accurate viscoelastic wave equation constructed by the fractional time derivatives is used to calculate reference solutions to evaluate the accuracy of the new expression. Modelling results indicate that the newly proposed viscoelastic wave equation using the new fractional Laplacians is more accurate than the conventional one, especially in a small Q medium (i.e. QP = QS = 5). Furthermore, we also examine the accuracy of the TE approximation with a series of Q values. A homogeneous model and the modified BP2004 viscoelastic model are used to investigate the accuracy of viscoelastic wave propagations using the TE algorithm. All modelling results fully demonstrate the performance of the newly proposed viscoelastic wave equation and numerical algorithm.
Optical emission-line luminosity function models for populations of supernova remnants
Authors: Kopsacheili M , Zezas A , Leonidaki I 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a basic model for the calculation of the luminosity distribution of supernova remnant populations. We construct theoretical H$\rm \alpha \,$and joint [S ii]-H$\rm \alpha \,$luminosity functions for supernova remnants by combining prescriptions from a basic evolution model that provides the shock velocity and radius for SNRs of different age and pre-shock density, with shock excitation models that give the gas emissivity for shocks of different physical parameters. We assume a flat age distribution, and we explore the effect of different pre-shock density distributions or different magnetic parameters. We find a very good agreement between the shape of the model H$\rm \alpha \,$and the joint [S ii]-H$\rm \alpha \,$luminosity functions and those measured from SNR surveys in nearby galaxies.
Accretion on to a binary from a polar circumbinary disc
Authors: Smallwood Jeremy L , Lubow Stephen H , Martin Rebecca G 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present hydrodynamical simulations to model the accretion flow from a polar circumbinary disc on to a high eccentricity (e = 0.78) binary star system with near unity mass ratio (q = 0.83), as a model for binary HD 98800 BaBb. We compare the polar circumbinary disc accretion flow with the previously studied coplanar case. In the coplanar case, the circumbinary disc becomes eccentric and the accretion alternates from being dominant on to one binary member to the other. For the polar disc case involving a highly eccentric binary, we find that the circumbinary disc retains its initially low eccentricity and that the primary star accretion rate is always about the same as the secondary star accretion rate. Recent observations of the binary HD 98800 BaBb, which has a polar circumbinary disc, have been used to determine the value of the $\rm H\,\alpha$ flux from the brighter component. From this value, we infer that the accretion rate is much lower than for typical T Tauri stars. The eccentric orbit of the outer companion HD 98800 A increases the accretion rate on to HD 98800 B by ∼20 per cent after each periastron passage. Our hydrodynamical simulations are unable to explain such a low accretion rate unless the disc viscosity parameter is very small, α &lt; 10−5. Additional observations of this system would be useful to check on this low accretion rate.
Impact of thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect on cross-correlations between Planck cosmic microwave background lensing and SDSS galaxy density fields
Authors: Chen Tianyue , Remazeilles Mathieu 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Residual foreground contamination by thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (tSZ) effect from galaxy clusters in cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps propagates into the reconstructed CMB lensing field, and thus biases the intrinsic cross-correlation between CMB lensing and large-scale structure (LSS). Through stacking analysis, we show that residual tSZ contamination causes an increment of lensing convergence in the central part of the clusters and a decrement of lensing convergence in the cluster outskirts. We quantify the impact of residual tSZ contamination on cross-correlations between the Planck 2018 CMB lensing convergence maps and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV galaxy density data through cross-power spectrum computation. In contrast with the Planck 2018 tSZ-deprojected smica lensing map, our analysis using the tSZ-contaminated smica lensing map measures an $\sim\!2.5{{\ \rm per\,cent}}$ negative bias at multipoles ℓ ≲ 500 and transits to an $\sim\!9{{\ \rm per\,cent}}$ positive bias at ℓ ≳ 1500, which validates earlier theoretical predictions of the overall shape of such tSZ-induced spurious cross-correlation. The tSZ-induced lensing convergence field in Planck CMB data is detected with more than 1σ significance at ℓ ≲ 500 and more than 14σ significance at ℓ ≳ 1500, yielding an overall 14.8σ detection. We also show that masking galaxy clusters in CMB data is not sufficient to eliminate the spurious lensing signal, still detecting a non-negligible bias with 5.5σ significance on cross-correlations with galaxy density fields. Our results emphasize how essential it is to deproject the tSZ effect from CMB maps at the component separation stage and adopt tSZ-free CMB lensing maps for cross-correlations with LSS data.
Uromodulin and its association with urinary metabolites: the German Chronic Kidney Disease Study
Authors: Bächle Helena , Sekula Peggy , Schlosser Pascal , Steinbrenner Inga , Cheng Yurong , Kotsis Fruzsina , Meiselbach Heike , Stockmann Helena , Schönherr Sebastian , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Devuyst Olivier , Scherberich Jürgen , Köttgen Anna , Schultheiss Ulla T ,   GCKD investigators, Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Meiselbach Heike , Schneider Markus P , Schiffer Mario , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Bärthlein Barbara , Beck Andreas , Reis André , Ekici Arif B , Becker Susanne , Becker-Grosspitsch Dinah , Alberth-Schmidt Ulrike , Hausknecht Birgit , Weigel Anke , Walz Gerd , Köttgen Anna , Schultheiß Ulla T , Kotsis Fruzsina , Meder Simone , Mitsch Erna , Reinhard Ursula , Floege Jürgen , Saritas Turgay , Schaeffner Elke , Baid-Agrawal Seema , Theisen Kerstin , Haller Hermann , Menne Jan , Zeier Martin , Sommerer Claudia , Theilinger Johanna , Wolf Gunter , Busch Martin , Paul Rainer , Sitter Thomas , Wanner Christoph , Krane Vera , Börner-Klein Antje , Bauer Britta , Kronenberg Florian , Raschenberger Julia , Kollerits Barbara , Forer Lukas , Schönherr Sebastian , Weissensteiner Hansi , Oefner Peter , Gronwald Wolfram , Schmid Matthias , Nadal Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a global public health burden, is accompanied by a declining number of functional nephrons. Estimation of remaining nephron mass may improve assessment of CKD progression. Uromodulin has been suggested as a marker of tubular mass. We aimed to identify metabolites associated with uromodulin concentrations in urine and serum to characterize pathophysiologic alterations of metabolic pathways to generate new hypotheses regarding CKD pathophysiology.

Methods
We measured urinary and serum uromodulin levels (uUMOD, sUMOD) and 607 urinary metabolites and performed cross-sectional analyses within the German Chronic Kidney Disease study (N = 4628), a prospective observational study. Urinary metabolites significantly associated with uUMOD and sUMOD were used to build weighted metabolite scores for urine (uMS) and serum uromodulin (sMS) and evaluated for time to adverse kidney events over 6.5 years.

Results
Metabolites cross-sectionally associated with uromodulin included amino acids of the tryptophan metabolism, lipids and nucleotides. Higher levels of the sMS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.64; 0.82), P = 7.45e-07] and sUMOD [HR = 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.63; 0.87), P = 2.32e-04] were associated with a lower risk of adverse kidney events over time, whereas uUMOD and uMS showed the same direction of association but were not significant.

Conclusions
We identified urinary metabolites associated with urinary and serum uromodulin. The sUMOD and the sMS were associated with lower risk of adverse kidney events among CKD patients. Higher levels of sUMOD and sMS may reflect a higher number of functional nephrons and therefore a reduced risk of adverse kidney outcomes.