bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Emission from Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients
Authors: Guarini Ersilia , Tamborra Irene , Margutti Raffaella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) are powered by a compact object, launching an asymmetric and fast outflow responsible for the radiation observed in the ultraviolet, optical, infrared, radio, and X-ray bands. Proposed scenarios aiming to explain the electromagnetic emission include an inflated cocoon, surrounding a jet choked in the extended stellar envelope. Alternatively, the observed radiation may arise from the disk formed by the delayed merger of a black hole with a Wolf–Rayet star. We explore the neutrino production in these scenarios, i.e., internal shocks in a choked jet and interaction between the outflow and the circumstellar medium (CSM). If observed on axis, the choked jet provides the dominant contribution to the neutrino fluence. Intriguingly, the IceCube upper limit on the neutrino emission inferred from the closest LFBOT, AT2018cow, excludes a region of the parameter space otherwise allowed by electromagnetic observations. After correcting for the Eddington bias on the observation of cosmic neutrinos, we conclude that the emission from an on-axis choked jet and CSM interaction is compatible with the detection of two track-like neutrino events observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in coincidence with AT2018cow, and otherwise considered to be of atmospheric origin. While the neutrino emission from LFBOTs does not constitute the bulk of the diffuse background of neutrinos observed by IceCube, the detection prospects of nearby LFBOTs with IceCube and the upcoming IceCube-Gen2 are encouraging. Follow-up neutrino searches will be crucial for unraveling the mechanism powering this emergent transient class.
AGN-driven Cold Gas Outflow of NGC 1068 Characterized by Dissociation-sensitive Molecules
Authors: Saito Toshiki , Takano Shuro , Harada Nanase , Nakajima Taku , Schinnerer Eva , Liu Daizhong , Taniguchi Akio , Izumi Takuma , Watanabe Yumi , Bamba Kazuharu , Kohno Kotaro , Nishimura Yuri , Stuber Sophia , Tosaki Tomoka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent developments in (sub)millimeter facilities have drastically changed the amount of information obtained from extragalactic spectral scans. In this paper, we present a feature extraction technique using principal component analysis (PCA) applied to arcsecond-resolution (1.″0–2.″0 = 72–144 pc) spectral scan data sets for the nearby type-2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, using Band 3 of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We apply PCA to 16 well-detected molecular line intensity maps convolved to a common 150 pc resolution. In addition, we include the [S iii]/[S ii] line ratio and [C i] 3
P
1–3
P
0 maps in the literature, both of whose distributions show a remarkable resemblance to that of a kiloparsec-scale biconical outflow from the central active galactic nucleus. We identify two prominent features: (1) central concentration at the circumnuclear disk (CND) and (2) two peaks across the center that coincide with the biconical outflow peaks. The concentrated molecular lines in the CND are mostly high-dipole molecules (e.g., H13CN, HC3N, and HCN). Line emissions from molecules known to be enhanced in an irradiated interstellar medium, CN, C2H, and HNC, show similar concentrations and extended components along the bicone, suggesting that molecule dissociation is a dominant chemical effect of the cold molecular outflow of this galaxy. Although further investigation should be made, this scenario is consistent with the faintness or absence of emission lines from CO isotopologues, CH3OH, and N2H+ in the outflow, which are easily destroyed by dissociating photons and electrons.
Dynamical Coupling between Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Solar Wind in Outer Heliosphere
Authors: Guo Xiaocheng , Zhou Yucheng , Florinski Vladimir , Wang Chi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Voyager 2 (V2) observed that pickup ions (PUIs) and anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) have a significant influence on the solar wind structures in the outer heliosphere. In particular, the maxima in energetic particle intensities often lagged behind the shock front, while the flow velocity in some cases featured a precursor in front of the shock. These two effects are believed to be caused by the cease of ACR injection from PUIs at large heliocentric distances, and the backward diffusion of ACRs, respectively. This paper investigates the dynamical coupling between the ACRs and the solar wind in the outer heliosphere by means of a time-dependent numerical MHD simulation, in which the ACRs are treated as a massless fluid that only contributes its pressure to the system. Two types of inner boundary conditions were used, namely a synthetic short-term shock event and an extended period of data-driven solar wind variability based on the OMNI database. The lag of the ACR pressure maximum relative to the shock front, and the extended shock precursor were reproduced by the numerical results. The increase rate of the lag is related to the corresponding diffusion coefficient and the injection efficiency from PUIs to ACRs. The model was also applied to the termination shock, where simulations likewise showed that the peak in the ACR distribution can be located a short distance downstream of the shock front, indicating that the time-dependent diffusive shock acceleration mechanism is a candidate to interpret the lag between the ACR pressure peak and the shock front observed by V2.
Statistical Analysis of Stellar Flares from the First Three Years of TESS Observations
Authors: Pietras M. , Falewicz R. , Siarkowski M. , Bicz K. , Preś P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study stellar light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) for the presence of stellar flares. The main aim is to detect stellar flares using 2 minute cadence data and to perform a statistical analysis. To find and analyze stellar flares, we prepared the automatic software WARPFINDER. We implemented three methods described in this paper: trend, difference, and profile fitting. Automated searches for flares was accompanied by visual inspection. Using our software we analyzed the 2 minute cadence light curves of 330,000 stars located in the first 39 sectors of TESS observations. As a result, we detected over 25,000 stars showing flare activity with the total number of more than 140,000 flares. This means that about 7.7% of all the analyzed objects are flaring stars. The estimated flare energies range between 1031 and 1036 erg. We prepared a preliminary preview of the statistical distribution of parameters such as the flare duration, amplitude, and energy, and compared it with previous results. The relationship between stellar activity and spectral type, temperature, and mass was also statistically analyzed. Based on the scaling laws, we estimated the average values of the magnetic field strength and length of the flare loops. In our work, we used both single (about 60%), and double (about 40%) flare profiles to fit the observational data. The components of the double profile are supposed to be related to the direct heating of the photosphere by nonthermal electrons and back-warming processes.
Insight into the Distribution of High-pressure Shock Metamorphism in Rubble-pile Asteroids
Authors: Güldemeister Nicole , Moreau Juulia-Gabrielle , Kohout Tomas , Luther Robert , Wünnemann Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shock metamorphism in ordinary chondrites allows for reconstructing impact events between asteroids in the main asteroid belt. Shock-darkening of ordinary chondrites occurs at the onset of complete shock melting of the rock (>70 GPa) or injection of sulfide and metal melt into the cracks within solid silicates (∼50 GPa). Darkening of ordinary chondrites masks diagnostic silicate features observed in the reflectance spectrum of S-complex asteroids so they appear similar to C/X-complex asteroids. In this work, we investigate the shock pressure and associated metamorphism pattern in rubble-pile asteroids at impact velocities of 4–10 km s−1. We use the iSALE shock physics code and implement two-dimensional models with simplified properties in order to quantify the influence of the following parameters on shock-darkening efficiency: impact velocity, porosity within the asteroid, impactor size, and ejection efficiency. We observe that, in rubble-pile asteroids, the velocity and size of the impactor are the constraining parameters in recording high-grade shock metamorphism. Yet, the recorded fraction of higher shock stages remains low (<0.2). Varying the porosity of the boulders from 10% to 30% does not significantly affect the distribution of pressure and fraction of shock-darkened material. The pressure distribution in rubble-pile asteroids is very similar to that of monolithic asteroids with the same porosity. Thus, producing significant volumes of high-degree shocked ordinary chondrites requires strong collision events (impact velocities above 8 km s−1 and/or large sizes of impactors). A large amount of asteroid material escapes during an impact event (up to 90%); however, only a small portion of the escaping material is shock-darkened (6%).
MaterialSample and its Properties
Authors: Mayfield-Meyer Teresa , Baskauf Steven J , Endresen Dag , Bölling Christian , Wieczorek John , Pyle Richard , Buschbom Jutta 
Published: August 2022

The Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Material Sample Task Group*1 kicked off in the third quarter of 2021. The group’s initial focus was to
1) achieve a clear conceptual delineation between the terms MaterialSample, PreservedSpecimen, LivingSpecimen, and FossilSpecimen (the terms used in basisOfRecord in the current DwC-A provided to the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) for describing physical material)
2) define the conceptual relationship between these terms and the term Organism
3) consider the possible implications of the activities towards the diversification of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data model*2 and what standards already exist that should inform our work.
Based on this conceptual work, the group is now developing a concrete proposal for a clarification of a MaterialSample class with its own properties. Our presentation will provide a brief review of the task group's progress and our thoughts about what comes next.
Extended Taxonomic Curation: Moving beyond species lists to linking species data
Authors: Upham Nathan , Powell Caleb , Prado Laura , Franz Nico , Sterner Beckett 
Published: August 2022

Taxonomy is at the center of modern biodiversity science. No species can be systematically studied until it is defined, and no observation can be linked to related data without a taxonomic label. However, taxonomy is also a science in constant flux—even well-studied groups like Mammalia have fluctuated by &gt;25% in recognized species in the last decade (Burgin et al. 2018, MDD 2022a, MDD 2022b). As a result, there are calls to create a “global list of accepted species” to increase taxonomic stability, particularly for policy decisions in biodiversity conservation and management (Garnett et al. 2020). The counterargument notes that forcing definitional consensus is likely to further inequities, and that a pluralistic, coordinated approach to taxonomy can be achieved with innovative cyberinfrastructure designs and services (Sterner et al. 2020, Franz and Sterner 2018).
Here, we propose that digitally “extended” taxonomic curation can play new and innovative roles in

linking observational data to alternative taxonomic concepts; and

enabling fit-for-use taxonomy to inform policy decisions.

linking observational data to alternative taxonomic concepts; and
enabling fit-for-use taxonomy to inform policy decisions.
Taxonomic curators (TCs) have traditionally limited their activities to making lists of accepted species and higher taxa. However, most of today's biodiversity questions require observational data (e.g., specimen occurrences) that are taxonomically coherent, not just name lists, and for those linked data to be digitally available in public databases. If the collective activities of TCs can be effectively unified across distributed networks, they might facilitate the transition to Extended Specimen Networks of taxonomically coherent biodiversity data, a core goal of current research initiatives (e.g., Lendemer et al. (2020)).
Beyond lists of species names is the domain of what names mean in practice (i.e., taxonomic concepts), which often differs by author (Fig. 1). Here we argue that curating the various lines of evidence that represent taxonomic concepts—what we call Species Meaning Artifacts (SMArts)—is a promising strategy for keeping track of how species splits and lumps will affect observational data records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) or National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Instead of labeling records by a static name, records can be digitally associated with SMArt evidence from alternative taxonomies (e.g., geographic range maps before/after a species split). Networks of TCs curating digital SMArts will enable 'taxonomically intelligent' data aggregation (Bisby 2000), a long-pursued goal in biodiversity data science that, once realized, promises to enable investigations ranging from viral spillover to biodiversity loss (Upham et al. 2021).
The iDigBio US Collections List: Now powered by GBIF
Authors: Chapman Cat 
Published: August 2022

iDigBio (Integrated Digitized Biocollections), the US national biodiversity data aggregator, publishes a list of US Collections that is intended to be a comprehensive list of natural science collections in the United States of America. This list aims to provide access to information and metadata about natural science collections in the United States, including but not limited to, collections descriptions, contact information, taxonomic scope of collections, and links to existing recordsets within iDigBio (if applicable). Previously, this list was maintained as a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) endpoint via GitHub, with updates maintained manually, requiring substantial human involvement and reliance on third party services (e.g., TravisCI) to publish new collections entries or updates to existing collections metadata. This was a time consuming and fragile process; if GitHub or TravisCI became unavailable or nonfunctional for any reason, updates to the US Collections List could not be published.
In 2020, the iDigBio US Collections List was successfully merged with GRSciColl, the Registry of Scientific Collections at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). GRSciColl and the US Collections List fundamentally share the same goal: enhancing access to information about natural science collections, associated digitized recordsets, and personnel involved with these collections. The US Collections List is now maintained directly on GRSciColl by GBIF and iDigBio staff, and the US Collections List hosted on iDigBio.org is now populated via the GRSciColl Application Programming Interface (API). This merger has resulted in a more streamlined experience for both those maintaining the list and users of the list; changes submitted to US entries on GRSciColl now appear instantaneously on the US Collections List at iDigBio. Engaging the broader community is fundamental for data integrity; GRSciColl has implemented functionality for transparent requests for metadata changes (e.g., change in contact information) from GRSciColl users. These changes are evaluated by GRSciColl maintainers before publishing; approved changes are visible immediately. Furthermore, GRSciColl has connectivity with Index Herbariorum, a ledger of herbarium collections around the world. Notably, one feature of GRSciColl is the concept of a "Master Record", where an entry on GRSciColl can have an "authoritative record" from a source external to GRSciColl; an entry on Index Herbariorum is one example of such a Master Record. This connectivity with authoritative sources such as Index Herbariorum increases community cohesion and accuracy of data provided to and by GRSciColl and, ultimately, the US Collections List.
We hope that this unified global index of natural science collections will continue to enhance access to information about biodiversity collections and the people and data involved.
NFDI4Biodiversity: a German infrastructure for biodiversity data
Authors: Luther Katja , Güntsch Anton , Koenig-Ries Birgitta , Fichtmueller David 
Published: August 2022

Digital data have become an indispensable basis for biodiversity research. Sustainable curation, archiving, accessibility and integrability according to the FAIR principles ("Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable", Wilkinson et al. 2016) are essential for re-use to answer pressing questions in a rapidly changing environment.
As part of the German multidisciplinary National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI), the NFDI4Biodiversity consortium with 49 partners, spanning a broad spectrum from academia, to agencies, learned societies, and citizen science, has set itself the goal of providing a sustainable data infrastructure for biodiversity research. NFDI4Biodiversity builds on the German Federation for Biological Data (GFBio) project (2014–2021) and the GFBio e.V. founded in it, both organisationally and in the provision of services. These include a data submission and archiving system, support for the creation of data management plans and certification, portal functions with extensive data visualization and terminology services flanked by helpdesk, support and outreach activities*1 (Diepenbroek et al. 2014).
Within the framework of NFDI4Biodiversity, these services will be expanded, based on (and calibrated by) the requirements of 23 concrete use cases from manifold biodiversity research domains. A central new component is the development of a capable multi-cloud platform, the "Research Data Commons" (RDC) where data can be aggregated, semantically linked and enriched with external services (Glöckner et al. 2020).
Alongside the development of the services, the potential for joint use of standards and service components will be exploited through cooperation with existing data infrastructures. In addition to other NFDI consortia, international infrastructures and comparable national initiatives will play a special role; this process was already started with a symposium during the 2019 Biodiversity Next conference.
LIFE RIPARIAS Early Alert: Using GBIF-mediated data to better manage invasive alien species
Authors: Noé Nicolas , Adriaens Tim , D'hondt Bram , Reyserhove Lien , Desmet Peter , Oldoni Damiano 
Published: August 2022

Invasive alien species represent one of the major threats to biodiversity. Prevention is better than cure, but once invasive species get established, early management interventions are important to prevent further damage to nature and increasing management costs. Managers need to be informed as swiftly as possible when invasive species pop up in their area. Moreover, an effective response also requires information on species in neighbouring areas. This way, managers can anticipate recolonisation and coordinate the response across higher spatial scales. Open data are indispensible to efficiently organize such early detection of and rapid response to invasive species.
Here, we present LIFE RIPARIAS Early Alert, a new open source tool that aggregates data from diverse sources and sends tailored e-mail alerts to managers. The tool focusses on the project area of the EU co-funded project LIFE RIPARIAS (Reaching Integrated and Prompt Action in Response to Invasive Alien Species, LIFE19 NAT/BE/000953), which aims to improve dataflows for the management of invasive alien species in river basins across regional administrative borders in Belgium.
Data on invasive alien species in Belgium are scattered across a multitude of sources, including project surveys, official monitoring schemes, scientific projects and citizen science reporting portals. We facilitated the standardization and publication of these sources as open datasets to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The early alert tool then harvests these observations from GBIF, visualizes them on a map as well as in table view, with their exact coordinates and a link to the original record. The tool allows for date range filtering and the selection of newly reported (and published) observations through a simple intuitive user interface. Users can create e-mail alerts to be notified of new observations for their species group(s), area(s) or source dataset(s) of interest. Currently, only observations from LIFE RIPARIAS target species (Branquart et al. 2022)—equally published as a checklist on GBIF—are displayed. These include non-native crayfish, invasive aquatic plants and a range of high-impact alert list species that should not yet occur in the area but will be rapidly removed should they arrive.
The tool is currently being tested by the Belgian managerial community. In time, we hope to increase both the taxonomic scope as well as the number of sources. To our knowledge the RIPARIAS early alert tool is one of the first of its kind in Europe. It is unique in displaying data from multiple data sources at the highest spatial resolution, considering the species from the European Union Invasive Species Regulation (European Commission 2019) and actively promoting and supporting data owners to publish their data openly.
Decolonising and indigenising evaluation practice in Africa: Roadmap for mainstreaming the Made in Africa Evaluation approach
Authors: Dlakavu Ayabulela , Mathebula Jabulani , Mkhize Samukelisiwe 
Published: August 2022

Background: Decolonisation is a concept that has taken on multiple layers since the end of colonisation and the onset of independence in the Global South. More than ever before, decolonialism, decoloniality and indigenisation have moved to the centre of intellectual inquiry across the broad spectrum of human activity: knowledge production, education, academic disciplines, professions, political life and economic organisation. The evaluation profession and fraternity has also been grappling with the idea of decolonising and indigenising its ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations, which are essentially rooted in the Global North development theory, practice and knowledge systems.Objectives: This article endeavours to provide recommendations on how to make the Made in Africa Evaluation (MAE) paradigm practical (applicable) for evaluators in Africa, based on decolonisation and indigenisation methodological prescriptions.Method: The study is qualitative by design, employing document analysis and the authors’ observation on development and evaluation practice in Africa and globally.Results: The emergent practice of evaluation is only experiencing decolonial scrutiny in the 21st century. In the African context, the MAE paradigm appears to be the continent’s decolonisation and indigenisation project for the evaluation fraternity.Conclusion: Building an Afrocentric, decolonised and indigenous MAE paradigm and approach requires a coordinated effort on building scholarship on the topic of MAE approaches and methodologies. Once there is sufficient documentation of the MAE approach, it should become easier to advance Afrocentric evaluation as mainstream discourse alongside the more established and neoliberal development and evaluation discourse.