bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical fumigation and biofumigation alter soil bacterial community diversity and composition
Authors: Sennett Louise B , Goyer Claudia , Burton David L , Zebarth Bernie J , Whitney Sean 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chemical fumigation and biofumigation are used to reduce soil-borne diseases in agricultural production systems; however, nontargeted soil microorganisms may also be affected. This study compared the effects of chemical fumigation, either used alone or combined with an organic amendment, and biofumigation on soil bacterial community diversity and composition under controlled conditions over 160 days. Treatments included: fumigation with chloropicrin (CP), fumigation with metam sodium used alone (MS) or combined with barley plant residues (MSBR), biofumigation with mustard plant residues, addition of barley plant residues and untreated control. Biofumigation had a greater impact on bacterial diversity at early time points, transiently decreasing species evenness and yielding the most dissimilar β-diversity after 3 days. MS fumigation did not affect bacterial diversity indices; however, MSBR transiently decreased species evenness after 8 days. CP-treated soil had decreased species evenness that did not recover over time and had the most dissimilar β-diversity at the end of the incubation compared with all other treatments. This study demonstrated that CP fumigation had the greatest and most persistent impact on bacterial diversity, whereas MS fumigation and biofumigation led to transient decreases in bacterial diversity.
Regular diet is non-inferior to restricted diet after polypectomy with decreased hospitalization length of stay and cost: a randomized–controlled trial
Authors: Huang Rong , Huang Shaohui , Xu Li , Mandip Rai , Chen Baomei , Fan Jiayi , Bai Yang , Wang Yusi , Han Zelong , Wang Zhiqing , Liu Side , Li Yue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
There are no data comparing a regular diet with a restricted diet after endoscopic polypectomy in patients with colorectal polyps. The current guidelines also did not provide the detailed information of dietary patterns after polypectomy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different diets on post-polypectomy outcomes.

Methods
A total of 302 patients with colorectal polyps who underwent polypectomy were prospectively enrolled between March 2019 and December 2019 in Nanfang Hospital (Guangzhou, China). Enrolled patients were then randomly assigned to a regular diet group or a restricted diet group after polypectomy. The study is a non-inferior design and the primary end point was the post-operative adverse events (AE) rate. Secondary end points included length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization cost.

Results
Among all the included patients, 148 patients received a restricted diet and 154 patients received a regular diet after polypectomy. A total of 376 polyps were removed, with 183 polyps in the restricted diet group and 193 polyps in the regular diet group. Shorter LOS (4.0 ± 1.4 vs 4.8 ± 1.7, P &lt; 0.001) and lower hospitalization costs (7,701.63 ± 2,579.07 vs 8,656.05 ± 3,138.53, P = 0.001) were observed in the regular diet group. In particular, there was no significant difference in 3-day AE rates between the restricted diet and the regular diet group (1.35% [2/148] vs 2.60% [4/154], P = 0.685). Subgroup analysis looking at the number of polyps removed in each patient and different treatment modalities also showed similar findings.

Conclusion
Regular diet should be recommended after polypectomy for polyps &lt;20 mm as it can shorten LOS and save hospitalization costs.
Comparative Analyses of Complete Peronosporaceae (Oomycota) Mitogenome Sequences—Insights into Structural Evolution and Phylogeny
Authors: Winkworth Richard C. , Neal Grace , Ogas Raeya A. , Nelson Briana C. W. , McLenachan Patricia A. , Bellgard Stanley E. , Lockhart Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Members of the Peronosporaceae (Oomycota, Chromista), which currently consists of 25 genera and approximately 1,000 recognized species, are responsible for disease on a wide range of plant hosts. Molecular phylogenetic analyses over the last two decades have improved our understanding of evolutionary relationships within Peronosporaceae. To date, 16 numbered and three named clades have been recognized; it is clear from these studies that the current taxonomy does not reflect evolutionary relationships. Whole organelle genome sequences are an increasingly important source of phylogenetic information, and in this study, we present comparative and phylogenetic analyses of mitogenome sequences from 15 of the 19 currently recognized clades of Peronosporaceae, including 44 newly assembled sequences. Our analyses suggest strong conservation of mitogenome size and gene content across Peronosporaceae but, as previous studies have suggested, limited conservation of synteny. Specifically, we identified 28 distinct syntenies amongst the 71 examined isolates. Moreover, 19 of the isolates contained inverted or direct repeats, suggesting repeated sequences may be more common than previously thought. In terms of phylogenetic relationships, our analyses of 34 concatenated mitochondrial gene sequences resulted in a topology that was broadly consistent with previous studies. However, unlike previous studies concatenated mitochondrial sequences provided strong support for higher-level relationships within the family.
The Legacies of 1936: Hitler’s Olympic Grounds and Berlin’s Bid to Host the 2000 Olympic Games
Authors: Johnson Molly Wilkinson 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although the 1936 ‘Nazi Olympics’ in Berlin have landmark status both in the history of Nazi Germany and in the history of the modern Olympic Games, it was not until the early 1990s that Berlin begin to reckon with their architectural and historical legacies. The impetus for these discussions was the city’s bid to host the 2000 Olympic Games, for which it planned to reuse the 1936 Olympic Stadium. This article begins by analysing the strategies used by Berlin’s bid coordinators to distance the 2000 bid from the racist aspects of the 1936 Games. Their primary strategy was to honour the victims of Nazism by incorporating the concentration camp Theresienstadt into the proposed route for the Olympic torch. The article then analyses public debates about the best ways to counterbalance the Nazi ideology embedded in the statues and architecture of the Olympic grounds. Simultaneously, it shows the efforts of some Berlin residents to argue that the architectural and cultural legacies of the 1936 Games precluded Berlin from hosting the 2000 Games altogether. The article next examines the grassroots, municipal and federal historical initiatives at the site which emerged in the years after Berlin’s failed bid. These efforts culminated in two permanent historical exhibits at the Olympic grounds, developed to coincide with the 2006 soccer World Cup. Yet, as the article concludes, the Olympic complex remains a living site today, subject to continued discussions and debates about how best to balance recreational, historical and political engagement with the infamous site.
Age and Framing Effects in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task
Authors: Schulman Adam T , Chong Amy W , Löckenhoff Corinna E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Prior research has documented age differences in risky decisions and indicates that they are susceptible to gain versus loss framing. However, previous studies focused on “decisions from description” that explicitly spell out the probabilities involved. The present study expands this literature by examining the effects of framing on age differences in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), a widely used and ecologically valid measure of experience-based risky decision making that involves pumping a virtual balloon.

Methods
In a preregistered study, younger (aged 18–30, n = 129) and older adults (aged 60 and older, n = 125) were randomly assigned to either a gain version of the BART, where pumping the balloon added monetary gains, or a loss version, where pumping the balloon avoided monetary losses.

Results
We found a significant age by frame interaction on risk-taking: in the loss frame, older adults pumped more frequently and experienced more popped balloons than younger adults, whereas in the gain frame no significant age differences were found. Total performance on the BART did not vary by age or frame. Supplementary analyses indicated that age differences in pumping rates were most pronounced at the beginning of the BART and leveled off in subsequent trials. Controlling for age differences in motivation, personality, and cognition did not account for age differences in risk-taking.

Discussion
In combination, findings suggest that age differences in risk-taking on the BART are more pronounced when the task context emphasizes avoiding losses rather than achieving gains.
More Positive or Less Negative? Emotional Goals and Emotion Regulation Tactics in Adulthood and Old Age
Authors: Wolfe Hannah E , Livingstone Kimberly M , Isaacowitz Derek M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Despite declines in physical and cognitive functioning, older adults report higher levels of emotional well-being (Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Social and emotional aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 383–409. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448). Motivational accounts suggest that differences in goals lead to age-related differences in affect through differences in emotion regulation behaviors, but evidence for age differences in emotion regulation strategy use is inconsistent. Emotion regulation tactics (i.e., how a strategy is implemented) may reveal greater age differences. Specifically, this study tested whether older adults rely more on positivity-seeking or negativity-avoidance tactics and whether goals alter tactic use.

Methods
An adult lifespan sample (ages 18–90, N = 211) completed 3 different emotion regulation tasks while being assigned to 1 of 4 goal conditions: just view, information-seeking, increase-positive, or decrease-negative. Three tactics were measured—positivity-seeking, negativity-avoidance, and negativity-seeking—by comparing time spent engaging with positive, negative, and neutral stimuli.

Results
Goal instructions only influenced tactic use and affective outcomes in some instances. Instead, younger adults tended to consistently prefer positivity-seeking tactics and older adults preferred negativity-avoidance tactics.

Discussion
Older age may be characterized more by an avoidance of negativity than engagement with positivity; manipulation of goals may not modify these age-related tendencies.
Prediction in the Aging Brain: Merging Cognitive, Neurological, and Evolutionary Perspectives
Authors: Brown Rachel M , Gruijters Stefan L K , Kotz Sonja A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although the aging brain is typically characterized by declines in a variety of cognitive functions, there has been growing attention to cognitive functions that may stabilize or improve with age. We integrate evidence from behavioral, computational, and neurological domains under the hypothesis that over the life span the brain becomes more effective at predicting (i.e., utilizing knowledge) compared to learning. Moving beyond mere description of the empirical literature—with the aim of arriving at a deeper understanding of cognitive aging—we provide potential explanations for a learning-to-prediction shift based on evolutionary models and principles of senescence and plasticity. The proposed explanations explore whether the occurrence of a learning-to-prediction shift can be explained by (changes in) the fitness effects of learning and prediction over the life span. Prediction may optimize (a) the allocation of limited resources across the life span, and/or (b) late-life knowledge transfer (social learning). Alternatively, late-life prediction may reflect a slower decline in prediction compared to learning. By discussing these hypotheses, we aim to provide a foundation for an integrative neurocognitive–evolutionary perspective on aging and to stimulate further theoretical and empirical work.
A closed-loop simulation framework and indicator approach for evaluating impacts of retrospective patterns in stock assessments
Authors: Huynh Quang C , Legault Christopher M , Hordyk Adrian R , Carruthers Tom R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A retrospective pattern within a stock assessment occurs when historical estimates systematically increase or decrease as data are removed and has been cited as a cause of persistent overfishing. For two case studies, Gulf of Maine cod and New England pollock, we demonstrated how closed-loop simulation can be used to evaluate the impacts of retrospective patterns with respect to management objectives. Operating models (OM) representing alternative states of nature were developed and various management procedures (MP) that account for retrospective patterns in the fitted assessment models were applied. From the cod example, downward adjustment of the catch advice based on Mohn's rho was more beneficial over model averaging (MA) to meeting biomass objectives from the cod example and avoiding stock crashes. For pollock, downward adjustment and MA were robust to meeting biomass objectives at the cost of foregone catch. The ability to discriminate OMs, using indicators generated from the simulated projections, varied by MP and time for cod, but was poorer overall for pollock. This framework could be used to identify if retrospective issues generate poor management outcomes and, in some cases, alleviate pressure to identify the single most credible state of nature.
Increases of opportunistic species in response to ecosystem change: the case of the Baltic Sea three-spined stickleback
Authors: Olin Agnes B , Olsson Jens , Eklöf Johan S , Eriksson Britas Klemens , Kaljuste Olavi , Briekmane Laura , Bergström Ulf 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Under rapid environmental change, opportunistic species may exhibit dramatic increases in response to the altered conditions, and can in turn have large impacts on the ecosystem. One such species is the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which has shown substantial increases in several aquatic systems in recent decades. Here, we review the population development of the stickleback in the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water ecosystem subject to rapid environmental change. Current evidence points to predatory release being the central driver of the population increases observed in some areas, while both eutrophication and climate change have likely contributed to creating more favourable conditions for the stickleback. The increasing stickleback densities have had profound effects on coastal ecosystem function by impairing the recruitment of piscivorous fish and enhancing the effects of eutrophication through promoting the production of filamentous algae. The increase poses a challenge for both environmental management and fisheries, where a substantial interest from the pelagic fisheries fleet in exploiting the species calls for urgent attention. While significant knowledge gaps remain, we suggest that the case of the Baltic Sea stickleback increase provides generalisable lessons of value for understanding and managing other coastal ecosystems under rapid change.
Entangled legalities in the postnational space
Authors: Krisch Nico 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Law is typically conceived on the model of the modern, Western state of the twentieth century—as a relatively self-contained system which establishes clear relations between its own norms and the norms of other legal systems. Yet this model stands in contrast to how law has been practiced for much of its history, and how it is practiced today, in particular in contexts in which transnational and international norms have gained significant weight. This article argues that, in order to account for such practices, we better frame law in terms of entanglement rather than system—as an order in which the multiplicity and interaction of legalities is often constitutive and in which the relations between norms from different origins are construed in more complex and fluid ways than the systemic image suggests. The article traces recent theoretical engagements with legal multiplicity and puts forward the concept of entanglement—borrowed from scholarship in history and cultural studies—to capture the broader forms of interaction visible in historical and contemporary studies with an empirical focus. It then develops a typology of these forms and analyzes the varying dynamics behind and consequences of entangled legalities. Charting different responses to multiplicity in contemporary law, the article shows how entanglement reflects and structures today’s complex institutional and normative landscape, characterized by a diffusion of authority and competing forces of integration and distancing. Oscillating between these forces, entangled legalities emerge as a key element of the contemporary postnational legal order.
Reinforcing the binary and disciplining the subject: The constitutional right to gender recognition in the Italian case law
Authors: Osella Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article addresses the reasons why the Italian Constitutional Court requires trans people to transform their physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics in order to obtain the legal recognition of their gender identity. It discusses how such a doctrine is implemented. Examining the case law of the Constitutional Court and of the Court of Cassation in light of queer theory, the article argues that such requirements are intended to benefit the “certainty of legal relations,” which, in this context, is inextricably tied to the preservation of the heterosexual matrix of family law. Developing a Foucauldian analysis of a consistent sample of decisions by courts of first instance, the article reasons that the application of such requirements amounts to the exercise of disciplinary power, which defines and regulates binary gendered subjects. By focusing on the underexplored doctrine of the Italian Constitutional Court on gender recognition, the article offers a case study which innovatively contributes to the bourgeoning debate on the right to gender recognition.
Long-term paracorporeal pulsatile mechanical circulatory support in adolescent and adult patients
Authors: Kremer Jamila , El-Dor Abbas , Sommer Wiebke , Tochtermann Ursula , Warnecke Gregor , Karck Matthias , Ruhparwar Arjang , Meyer Anna Lassia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to analyse adverse events in adolescent and adult patients with the Berlin Heart EXCOR and to assess the outcome of a subsequent heart transplant (HTX).

METHODS
From 2006 to 2020, a total of 58 patients (12–64 years old) received a biventricular assist device (BIVAD) at our institution and were included in this study.

RESULTS
The causes of biventricular heart failure were nonischaemic cardiomyopathy (62.1%), ischaemic cardiomyopathy (22.4%) and myocarditis (15.5%). The median INTERMACS score was I (I—III). The median age was 49 years (interquartile range, 34–55 years), and 82.8% were male. Causes of death were multiorgan failure (25.0%), septic shock (17.9%), cerebral haemorrhage (14.3%), bleeding (14.3%) and embolic events (14.3%). Major bleeding was more frequent in the patients who died while on BIVADs (60.7 vs 6.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Wound infections were more prevalent in HTX recipients (n = 21, 70.0%). After BIVAD thrombosis, 104 chamber exchanges were performed in 28 patients (48.3%). HTXs were performed in 52.6% of the patients after a BIVAD support time of 316 ± 240 days. The mean time to follow-up of 30 HTX recipients was 1722 ± 1368 days. One-, 6- and 12-month survival after an HTX were 96.7%, 90.0% and 76.7%, respectively. Long-term survival after 5 and 10 years was 69.7%.

CONCLUSIONS
Pump thrombosis, infections and bleeding after receiving a BIVAD did not preclude a successful HTX. Although only 50% of patients with BIVADs were successfully given a transplant, long-term survival after an HTX in patients with BIVAD was noninferior compared to that of other recipients.
Assessment of the performance of solar water heater: an experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Alwan Naseer T , Majeed Milia H , Khudhur Ihsan M , Shcheklein S E , Ali Obed M , Yaqoob Salam J , Alayi Reza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the performance of a flat plate solar water heater (SWH) theoretically and experimentally. The thermal performance of the SWH was predicted using Fortran 90 programming language. SWH was designed as a square shape with dimensions of 110 cm length, 120 cm width and 10 cm depth and tested by integrating with a modified solar distiller to increase the water temperature in the basin at a constant mass flow rate of 1.2 l/min. The tests were conducted under the weather condition of Yekaterinburg city, Russia, from June to September of 2019, and a typical day was chosen for each month (19 June, 17 July, 22 August and 15 September). The study revealed that the highest efficiency of the solar water collector obtained at the highest value of the intensity of solar radiation at mid-day. The maximum thermal efficiencies achieved on 17 July of 2019 were ~67% and 66% based on theoretical and experimental analyses, respectively. A simultaneous increase in the water temperature and the intensity of solar radiation has been observed. During the four typical days of the experiment, the highest water temperatures of the solar collector were recorded during midday, i.e. $57.2{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C},64.4{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C},52.4{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\kern0.5em \mathrm{and}\ 49{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ at the inlet, and $62.8{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C},71{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C},57.4{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ and $53.2{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ at the outlet for 19 June, 17 July, 22 August and 15 September 2019, respectively, while the solar radiation intensities recorded are $957,1022,840\kern0.5em \mathrm{and}\ 723\ \mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{m}}^2$ for the test days.
Novel method for microencapsulation of eutectic hydrated salt as a phase change material for thermal energy storage
Authors: Huo Xianliang , Xie Donghuan , Zhao Zimo , Wang Shujun , Meng Fanbin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Inorganic hydrated salts have many advantages over organic phase change materials (PCMs), such as higher thermal storage density, low cost, non-toxicity and non-flammability. In this research, microcapsules loaded with eutectic hydrated salt (EHS) as the core material was fabricated via coacervation method at room temperature, with ethyl cellulose/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as the shell material. EHS consisted of sodium sulfate decahydrate and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate with a mass ratio of 1:3 was prepared as the PCM with its phase change temperature of 29.3°C and phase change enthalpy of 218.58 J/g. The chemical structures and morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Results indicates that the almost spherical microcapsules, with diameter around 60 μm, are of core–shell microstructures and good chemical compatibility of the core and shell material. Differential scanning calorimetry results shows that microcapsules possess a high latent heat (178.36 J/g) and excellent thermal stability and reliability, which are suitable for thermal energy storage and management in practical applications. More importantly, the simple and environmentally conscious way of this study may be extended to other promising inorganics@organics PCMs with different core–shell structured compositions.