bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/SpCas9-mediated KO of epigenetically active MORC proteins increases barley resistance to Bipolaris spot blotch and Fusarium root rot
Authors: Galli Matteo , Hochstein Selina , Iqbal Danish , Claar Martina , Imani Jafargholi , Kogel Karl-Heinz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicrorchidia (MORC) proteins are fundamental regulators of genome stabilization, chromatin remodeling and gene expression in both mammals and plants. In Arabidopsis, their activity is linked to the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, which utilizes small RNAs (sRNAs) to influence the rate of DNA methylation and chromatin compaction and thus gene expression. In barley, there are a total of seven members of the MORC family, and recent advances showed that HvMORC1 and HvMORC6a also interact with components of the RdDM pathway. CRISPR/SpCas9-mediated single and double knock-out mutants showed de-repression of transposable elements (TEs) and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and interestingly increased resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, we further demonstrate the requirement of MORC proteins in the resistance against two devastating cereal diseases, Bipolaris spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium graminearum.
Studies of the radiation environment on the Mars surface using the Geant4 toolkit
Authors: Chen Jun-Liang , Yun Su-Jun , Dong Tie-Kuang , Ren Zhong-Zhou , Zhang Xiao-Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe radiation environment on the surface of Mars is a potential threat for future manned exploration missions to this planet. In this study, a simple geometrical model was built for simulating the radiation environment on the Mars surface caused by galactic cosmic rays; the model was built and studied using the Geant4 toolkit. The simulation results were compared with the data reported by a radiation assessment detector (RAD). The simulated spectra of neutrons, photons, protons, $$\alpha$$
α
particles, and particle groups $$Z=3$$

Z
=
3

–5, $$Z=6$$

Z
=
6

–8, $$Z=9$$

Z
=
9

–13, and $$Z=14$$

Z
=
14

–24 were in a reasonable agreement with the RAD data. However, for deuterons, tritons, and $$\,^{3}{\mathrm{He}}$$

3

He

, the simulations yielded much smaller values than for the corresponding RAD data. In addition, the particles’ spectra within the $$90^{\circ }$$

90
∘

zenith angle were also obtained. Based on these spectra, we calculated the radiation dose that would have been received by an average human body on Mars. The distribution of the dose throughout the human body was not uniform. The absorbed and equivalent doses for the brain were the highest among all of the organs, reaching 62.0 ± 1.7 mGy/y and 234.1 ± 8.0 mSv/y, respectively. The average absorbed and equivalent doses for the entire body were approximately 44 mGy/y and 153 mSv/y, respectively. Further analysis revealed that most of the radiation dose was owing to $$\alpha$$
α
particles, protons, and heavy ions. We then studied the shielding effect of the Mars soil with respect to the radiation. The body dose decreased significantly with increasing soil depth. At the depth of 1.5 m, the effective dose for the entire body was 17.9 ± 2.4 mSv/y, lower than the dose limit for occupational exposure. At the depth of 3 m, the effective dose to the body was 2.7 ± 1.0 mSv/y, still higher than the accepted dose limit.
Online capability-based resource allocation for on-site construction operations utilizing digital twin models
Authors: Münker Sören , Wildemann Peter R. , Göppert Amon , Brell-Cokcan Sigrid , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlanning and controlling on-site construction operations are complex and dynamic procedures, mainly manually executed without algorithmic decision support. An initial challenge is to allocate available resources to construction processes based on required and available capabilities. Due to the dynamic nature of construction projects (e.g., redesigns, resource failure, unpredictable restrictions), there is a demand for frequent reallocation of resources. In recent years, researchers studied capability-based resource allocation approaches by defining ontologies to describe the capabilities of resources. However, since most of the existing approaches focus on ontologies for resources in production environments (e.g., industrial robots), the modeling and application of the models for online allocation in dynamic construction environments remain unsolved. In this study, an ontology-based Digital Twin model, adopted from a production engineering background, is used to enable online capability-based resource allocations for construction-specific approaches. The Digital Twin model can be updated by a lightweight, publish-subscribe network, triggering an update of capability-based feasibility checks for resource allocations. The resulting framework is tested on a demo construction project from the research project “Internet of Construction (IoC)”. The results contribute to the automation of planning and controlling resource allocations for dynamic on-site construction operations. Using machine-readable ontologies, the transition from manually performed activities to robotically supported tasks is enabled.
Screening Linear and Circular RNA Transcripts from Stress Granules
Authors: Chen Shuai , Zhang Jinyang , Zhao Fangqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein assemblies formed under stress conditions and are related to various biological processes and human diseases. Previous studies have reported the regulatory role of some proteins and linear RNAs in SG assembly. However, the relationship between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and SGs has not been discovered. Here, we screened both linear RNAs and circRNAs in SGs using improved total RNA sequencing of purified SG cores in mammalian cells and identified circular transcripts specifically localized in SGs. circRNAs with higher SG-related RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding abilities are more likely to be enriched in SGs. Furthermore, some SG-enriched circRNAs are differentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent tissues. These results suggest the regulatory role of circRNAs in SG formation and provide insights into the biological function of circRNAs and SGs in HCC.
Disrupting Corruption using Education: A “Prisoner’s Dilemma” Approach
Authors: Rubasundram Geetha A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCorruption is an age-old issue. Although various mitigation measures have been developed over time, it persistently exists and transforms with the dynamic business environment. The development of corruption is linked to the skills of criminals to cover their tracks. Control mechanisms and other lines of defense are insignificant when persons of power override, bully or collaborate to carry out corruption. Since humans are perceived to be rational, educating individuals on the evils of corruption with its apparent negative connotations would have been a logical approach to disrupting corruption. However, the growing trend of corruption reflects otherwise. Human behavior is subjective and based on a person–situation complexity, relationships and associations around human life. This pilot study assesses the decisions of individuals based on various corruption scenarios, using 20 questions modeled around Corruption Dimensions and Prisoner’s Dilemma. Of the respondents, 92% had formal exposure to anti-corruption-related studies. Most respondents responded negatively to corruption-related scenarios in the Corruption Dimensions, with noted bias in their criticism when it involved a politician as compared with a businessman. Similarly, the Prisoner’s Dilemma questions also reflected selective reasoning when comparing those with personal relationships as compared with acquaintances. The strength of the evidence, the independence of the judiciary, the ability to escape, the reluctance to self-incriminate and the personal benefits affect the judgment of the respondents. However, in situations involving environmental issues, respondents selected to confess regardless of the situation stating that it was the right thing to do. Education creates awareness on individual rights, options and, to a certain extent, the moral and legal obligations. However, the subjectivity of the person’s associations and lifelong experience also plays a major role in the decision-making process.
Social Reintegration of Released Prisoners: An Empirical Analysis from Two Indian States
Authors: Santhosh R. , Mathew Emil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the empirical analysis from two Indian States to understand factors influencing the social reintegration of released prisoners. Samples of the study comprise 100 released prisoners who are currently under the probation system. The article identified stability in income, maintaining good relationships with the family and community, and membership in informal groups as four outcome variables of reintegration. The paper also identified seven factors – four factors concerning the stay at the prison and three factors concerning life after release – as capable of influencing the extent of reintegration. A reintegration index has been constructed to examine the relationship between reintegration and seven supporting factors that influence reintegration. The article also used a correlation matrix to analyse the relationship between the reintegration index and the contributing factors of reintegration. The paper suggests that factors such as visits by family members and probation officers and availing parole have a significant positive relationship, but that years of stay have a significant negative relationship with the reintegration of released prisoners.
Instrumentalization of “China” in Southeast Asia's Global Entrepôt: Ayutthaya in the Times of the Ming and the Early Qing Dynasties
Authors: Chabrowski Igor Iwo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the instrumentalization of “China” in contacts between the Ming and Qing dynasties and Siam-Ayutthaya. It focuses both on the state-to-state relations and those between various members of the Siamese and the imperial societies. “China” and “Chinese-ness” stood for forms of ascribed identity within the Sinocentric world, for a form of social distinction, and for one of many identities assumed in the games of political loyalty. For the Ming and Qing empires, inclusion of a foreign land within “China” was conducted through the ritual and administrative fictions that situated Ayutthaya within a hierarchy vis-à-vis the imperial capital. Beyond the state's discourses, participation in a vaguely defined Chinese culture were means of building social networks within the merchant and official communities in Ayutthaya. For the junkmen that connected Ayutthaya and South China, multiple Chinese identities were instrumentalized and inflected according to the needs and necessities of the moment.
A NOTE ON ÉTALE REPRESENTATIONS FROM NILPOTENT ORBITS
Authors: DIETRICH HEIKO , GLOBKE WOLFGANG , ORIGLIA MARCOS 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA linear étale representation of a complex algebraic group G is given by a complex algebraic G-module V such that G has a Zariski-open orbit in V and
$\dim G=\dim V$
. A current line of research investigates which reductive algebraic groups admit such étale representations, with a focus on understanding common features of étale representations. One source of new examples arises from the classification theory of nilpotent orbits in semisimple Lie algebras. We survey what is known about reductive algebraic groups with étale representations and then discuss two classical constructions for nilpotent orbit classifications due to Vinberg and to Bala and Carter. We determine which reductive groups and étale representations arise in these constructions and we work out in detail the relation between these two constructions.
The effects of cow introductions on milk production and behaviour of the herd measured with sensors
Authors: Scheurwater Josje , Jorritsma Ruurd , Nielen Mirjam , Heesterbeek Hans , van den Broek Jan , Aardema Hilde 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that cow introductions in dairy herds affect milk production and behaviour of animals already in the herd. In dairy farms, cows are commonly regrouped or moved. Negative effects of regroupings on the introduced animals are reported in other studies. However, little is known about the effects on lactating cows in the herd. In this research a herd of 53 lactating dairy cows was divided into two groups in a cross-over design study. 25 cows were selected as focal cows for which continuous sensor data were collected. The treatment period consisted of replacing non-focal cows three times a week. Many potentially influencing factors were taken into account in the analysis. Replacement of cows in the treatment period indeed affected the focal animals. During the treatment period these cows showed increased walking and reduced rumination activity and produced less milk compared to the control period. Milk production per milking decreased in the treatment period up to 0.4 kg per milking on certain weekdays. Lying and standing behaviour were similar between the control and the treatment period. The current study suggests that cow introductions affect welfare and milk production of the cows already in the herd.
The use of cone beam computed tomography of paranasal sinuses in the investigation and management of rhinosinusitis: a national survey and our ‘one-stop’ rhinology clinic experience
Authors: Munnings A , Sood S , Gupta D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveCone beam computed tomography is an imaging technique that can be used for the paranasal sinuses. This study assessed how widely it is used and the impact it has on chronic rhinosinusitis management in the ENT department of one hospital.MethodA nationwide survey was conducted to assess the use of cone beam computed tomography throughout ENT UK members. A retrospective analysis of four-year rhinology clinic data for patients presenting with chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms was subsequently performed to assess how many scans were achieved the same day and the subsequent patient management.ResultsThe survey results indicated that a majority of staff do not use cone beam computed tomography to image sinuses (86.5 per cent), and this was largely because of lack of access (92 per cent). This study assessed 355 cone beam computed tomography requests. Overall, 306 cases had a cone beam computed tomography scan on the same day as their clinic appointment with the majority seen back in clinic during the same hospital attendance for the results. Overall, 97 patients were discharged on the same day.ConclusionThis study suggested a lack of awareness and understanding of cone beam computed tomography in managing rhinosinusitis. The ‘one-stop’ rhinology clinic model offers benefits including reduced patient hospital attendance.
Punctuated equilibrium and progressive friction in socialist autocracy, democracy and hybrid regimes
Authors: Sebők Miklós , M. Balázs Ágnes , Molnár Csaba 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe analysis of public policy agendas in comparative politics has been somewhat limited in terms of geography, time frame and political system, with studies on full-blown autocracies and hybrid regimes few and far between. This article addresses this gap by comparing policy dynamics in three Hungarian regimes over 73 years. Besides our theoretical contribution related to policy-making in Socialist autocracy and illiberal democracy, we also test hypotheses related to non-democratic regimes. We find that – similarly to developed democracies – policy agendas in autocracies are mostly stable with occasional but large-scale “punctuations”. Our data also confirms that these punctuations are more pronounced in non-democratic polities. However, based on our results, illiberal political systems, such as the hybrid regime of Viktor Orbán, are difficult to pin down on such a clear-cut continuum between democracy and autocracy as the level of punctuation differs by policy agendas from parliamentary debates to budgets.
Spatial epidemiological characteristics and exponential smoothing model application of tuberculosis in Qinghai Plateau, China
Authors: Shang Y. , Zhang T. T. , Wang Z. F. , Ma B. Z. , Yang N. , Qiu Y. T. , Li B. , Zhang Q. , Huang Q. L. , Liu K. Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The epidemic of tuberculosis has posed a serious burden in Qinghai province, it is necessary to clarify the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of TB for future prevention and control measures. We used descriptive epidemiological methods and spatial statistical analysis including spatial correlation and spatial-temporal analysis in this study. Furthermore, we applied an exponential smoothing model for TB epidemiological trend forecasting. Of 43 859 TB cases, the sex ratio was 1.27:1 (M:F), and the average annual TB registered incidence was 70.00/100 000 of 2009–2019. More cases were reported in March and April, and the worst TB stricken regions were the prefectures of Golog and Yushu. High TB registered incidences were seen in males, farmers and herdsmen, Tibetans, or elderly people. 7132 cases were intractable, which were recurrent, drug resistant, or co-infected with other infections. Three likely cases clusters with significant high risk were found by spatial-temporal scan on data of 2009–2019. The exponential smoothing winters' additive model was selected as the best-fitting model to forecast monthly TB cases in the future. This research indicated that TB in Qinghai is still a serious threaten to the local residents' health. Multi-departmental collaboration and funds special for TB treatments and control are still needed, and the exponential smoothing model is promising which could be applied for forecasting of TB epidemic trend in this high-altitude province.
Impact of dimensions of early adversity on adult health and functioning: A 2-decade, longitudinal study
Authors: McGinnis Ellen W. , Sheridan Margaret , Copeland William E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent neurodevelopmental and evolutionary theories offer strong theoretical rationales and some empirical evidence to support the importance of specific dimensions of early adversity. However, studies have often been limited by omission of other adversity dimensions, singular outcomes, and short follow up durations. 1,420 participants in the community, Great Smoky Mountains Study, were assessed up to eight times between age 9 and 16 for four dimensions of early adversity: Threat, Material Deprivation, Unpredictability, and Loss (as well as a Cumulative Adversity measure). Participants were followed up to four times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30) to measure psychiatric disorders, substance disorder, and “real-world” functioning. Every childhood adversity dimension was associated with multiple adult psychiatric, substance, or functional outcomes when tested simultaneously in a multivariable analysis that accounted for other childhood adversities. There was evidence of differential impact of dimensions of adversity exposure on proximal outcomes (e.g., material deprivation and IQ) and even on distal outcomes (e.g., threat and emotional functioning). There were similar levels of prediction between the best set of individual adversity scales and a single cumulative adversity measure when considering distal outcomes. All dimensions of childhood adversity have lasting, pleiotropic effects, on adult health and functioning, but these dimensions may act via distinct proximal pathways.
Preconception maternal posttraumatic stress and child negative affectivity: Prospectively evaluating the intergenerational impact of trauma
Authors: Swales Danielle A. , Davis Elysia Poggi , Mahrer Nicole E. , Guardino Christine M. , Shalowitz Madeleine U. , Ramey Sharon L. , Dunkel Schetter Chris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe developmental origins of psychopathology begin before birth and perhaps even prior to conception. Understanding the intergenerational transmission of psychopathological risk is critical to identify sensitive windows for prevention and early intervention. Prior research demonstrates that maternal trauma history, typically assessed retrospectively, has adverse consequences for child socioemotional development. However, very few prospective studies of preconception trauma exist, and the role of preconception symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unknown. The current study prospectively evaluates whether maternal preconception PTSD symptoms predict early childhood negative affectivity, a key dimension of temperament and predictor of later psychopathology. One hundred and eighteen women were recruited following a birth and prior to conception of the study child and were followed until the study child was 3–5 years old. Higher maternal PTSD symptoms prior to conception predicted greater child negative affectivity, adjusting for concurrent maternal depressive symptoms and sociodemographic covariates. In exploratory analyses, we found that neither maternal prenatal nor postpartum depressive symptoms or perceived stress mediated this association. These findings add to a limited prospective literature, highlighting the importance of assessing the mental health of women prior to conception and providing interventions that can disrupt the intergenerational sequelae of trauma.
Exploring everyday state attachment dynamics in middle childhood
Authors: Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Ceulemans Eva , Finet Chloë , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Bosmans Guy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study explored dynamics of secure state attachment expectations in everyday life in middle childhood, specifically state attachment carry-over and reactivity to experiences of caregiver support in the context of stress. In two independent samples (one community sample, N = 123; one adoption sample, N = 69), children (8–12 years) daily reported on their state attachment for respectively 14 and 7 consecutive days. Additionally, they reported daily on their experiences of distress and subsequent experiences of caregiver support. Results in both samples indicated that secure state attachment on a day-to-day basis is characterized by a significant positive carry-over effect, suggesting that state attachment fluctuations are (partially) self-predictive. In Study 1, experiencing no support following distress significantly related to intraindividual decreases in secure state attachment; in Study 2, experiencing effective support during distress related to intra-individual increases in secure state attachment. Taken together, the current studies provide novel and important insights into how state attachment temporally evolves on a day-to-day basis in middle childhood.
Isolated left common carotid artery: multidisciplinary management is the key to success
Authors: Sachdeva Sakshi , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Rajashekar Palleti , Jagia Priya , Devarajan Sebastian Leve Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn isolated carotid artery is a rare aortic arch anomaly. Instead of connecting to the aorta, the isolated carotid artery connects anomalously to the pulmonary artery. Chronically altered cerebral circulation poses the risk of cerebral hyperaemia following surgical reimplantation. We describe successful reimplantation of the isolated left common carotid artery in a child, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for good clinical and neurological outcomes. We also briefly discuss the embryologic basis of this rare arch anomaly.