bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic management of tracheal stent extraction using a double gum elastic bougie technique
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Chaki Tomohiro , Onaka Takayuki , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheal stenosis is a life-threatening condition, and management of a patient with a risk of tracheal stenosis is challenging for anesthesiologists. In this report, we describe a method for airway management using two gum elastic bougie method when removing a tracheal stent via a tracheostomy orifice with a risk of airway restenosis.

Case presentation
A 71-year-old man had an enlarged squamous cell carcinoma of the lung invading the upper mediastinum that had caused severe stenosis of the trachea. Two months after diagnosis, a tracheal stent had been placed to maintain tracheal patency. One month after stent placement, acute respiratory failure was induced by upper airway obstruction caused by subglottic airway edema due to mechanical stimulation of the cranial end of the stent, and the patient was rescued by oral tracheal intubation. Tracheal stent extraction was scheduled to relieve the laryngeal edema. Since there was a risk of tracheal restenosis because of the possibility of accidental evulsion of the orally tracheal tube which intubated to secure an emergency airway and tracheal stent extraction, two gum elastic bougies were inserted through the oral tracheal tube and tracheostomy orifice to facilitate re-intubation. After extraction of the tracheal stent, airway openness was maintained and tracheostomy was completed without any complication.

Conclusion
Successful management of tracheal stent extraction was performed using a double gum elastic bougie technique.
Dietary composition of the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in Gir National Park, India
Authors: Ram Mohan , Mesariya Darshit , Vasavada Dushyant , Mehta Dhawal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The Indian pangolin is a globally endangered species and is accorded the highest level of protection under Indian legislation. The species has a wide distribution in the country. However, information on its ecology is scanty with limited accounts on the diet of the free-ranging population.

Results
We studied the diet of the Indian pangolin in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Gir National Park, India. A total of 12 faecal samples in the form of 22 pellets were collected between November 2019 and March 2020. The faecal matter’s length, diameter and girth were 4.80 cm ± 0.40 SE, 2.72 cm ± 0.12 SE and 8.49 cm ± 0.41 SE, respectively. The dry weight of the faecal matter was 22.31 g ± 3.24 SE. The composition of the faecal content by weight was majorly contributed by insect matter (56.53%), followed by grit (42.35%) and plant matter (1.12%). Faecal content’s analysis through microscopy revealed that insect matter was the most frequent constituent (53.59%), followed by grit (46.26%) and plant matter (0.05%); 0.1% of the constituents could not be identified. The ant genera contributing to the diet of the Indian pangolin include Camponotus, Crematogaster, Dorylus, Lophomyrmex, Monomorium, Myrmicaria, Pheidole and Tetraponera. The termite genera consumed by the Indian pangolin were Odontotermes and Cryptotermes.

Conclusions
The study’s findings contribute to enhance the ecological knowledge in a hitherto unexplored habitat and hold implications in the ex situ conservation efforts and rescue and rehabilitation of Indian pangolins in similar landscapes.
Epichloë scottii sp. nov., a new endophyte isolated from Melica uniflora is the missing ancestor of Epichloë disjuncta
Authors: Thünen Torsten , Becker Yvonne , Cox Murray P. , Ashrafi Samad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere we describe a new, haploid and stroma forming species within the genus Epichloë, as Epichloë scottii sp. nov. The fungus was isolated from Melica uniflora growing in Bad Harzburg, Germany. Phylogenetic reconstruction using a combined dataset of the tubB and tefA genes strongly support that E. scottii is a distinct species and the so far unknown ancestor species of the hybrid E. disjuncta. A distribution analysis showed a high infection rate in close vicinity of the initial sampling site and only two more spots with low infection rates. Genetic variations in key genes required for alkaloid production suggested that E. scottii sp. nov. might not be capable of producing any of the major alkaloids including ergot alkaloid, loline, indole-diterpene and peramine. All isolates and individuals found in the distribution analysis were identified as mating-type B explaining the lack of mature stromata during this study. We further release a telomere-to-telomere de novo assembly of all seven chromosomes and the mitogenome of E. scottii sp. nov.
Effect of eggshell/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) mixing ratios on the sonochemical production of CaCO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Mensah Kenneth , Abdelmageed Ayda Mostafa , Shokry Hassan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBio-CaCO3 nanoparticles have several applications and have attracted significant attention in current research. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has been proven to be an effective non-volatile solvent for synthesizing bio-CaCO3 nanomaterials from eggshell. However, the optimum ratio of eggshell and DMF need to be specified to achieve maximum nano-CaCO3 production for large-scale purposes. Thus, this work investigated the effect of eggshell/DMF mixing ratios on the production of CaCO3 nanoparticles from the chicken eggshell. The nano-CaCO3 were synthesized via dry milling and then sonication at a frequency of 40 kHz for 6 h in the presence of DMF. The eggshell mass was varied from 0.5 to 20 g per 100 mL of DMF. The synthesized CaCO3 materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, and BET surface analysis. The eggshell/DMF ratio was optimized to maximize the production of CaCO3 nanoparticles, and its effect on the size, crystallinity, surface area, and porosity of the CaCO3 particles were discussed. Increasing eggshell/DMF ratio decreased the sonication efficiency with increasing crystallite and particle size. The specific surface area of the synthesized CaCO3 particles decreased with increasing eggshell/DMF ratio. 1 g/100 mL was the optimum or highest ratio to obtain 100% nano-CaCO3. At 1 g/100mL ratio, the bio-CaCO3 contained a crystallite size of 23.08 nm, particle size between 5 and 30 nm and surface area of 47.44 m2 g−1.
Role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and psychological distress in the association between adverse childhood experiences and suicidal ideation in college students
Authors: Bhargav Madhav , Swords Lorraine 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a detrimental impact on short- and long-term mental and physical health. A growing body of research has indicated that the prevalence of suicidal phenomena is significantly higher among individuals with a history of ACEs. However, there is a lack of understanding about processes that result in ACEs leading to suicidal ideation when testing within a theoretical framework.AimsTo develop and test a multidimensional model that would explain the association between ACEs and suicidal ideation in college students.MethodData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey completed by 321 college students primarily recruited from universities in Ireland. Participants were aged 18–21 (n = 176) and 22–25 years (n = 145). An ACEs questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, which assessed thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, the CORE-10, which assessed psychological distress, and the Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS) were administered.ResultsAfter controlling for gender and sexual orientation, results revealed a significant direct effect of ACEs on suicidal ideation such that more accumulated ACEs were associated with higher suicidal ideation (effect size 0.30; 95% CI 0.047–0.538). A significant indirect effect of ACEs on suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness and psychological distress, and thwarted belongingness and psychological distress, was observed (effect size 0.90; 95% CI 0.558–1.270).ConclusionsFindings suggest that ACEs have a detrimental impact on college students’ mental health. Results highlight the potential benefits of ACE-informed interventions that target thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to countervail suicidal ideation in college students.
Machine Learning–Based Analysis of Treatment Sequences Typology in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Long-Term Survivors Treated With Nivolumab
Authors: Chouaïd Christos , Grumberg Valentine , Batisse Alexandre , Corre Romain , Giaj Levra Matteo , Gaudin Anne-Françoise , Prodel Martin , Lortet-Tieulent Joannie , Assié Jean-Baptiste , Cotté Francois-Emery 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors substantially changed advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) management and can lead to long-term survival. The aims of this study were (1) to use a machine learning method to establish a typology of treatment sequences on patients with aNSCLC who were alive 2 years after initiating a treatment with anti–programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab and (2) to describe the patients' characteristics according to the typology of treatment sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective observational study was based on data from the comprehensive French hospital discharge database for all patients with lung cancer with at least one line of platinum-based chemotherapy, starting nivolumab between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, and alive 2 years after nivolumab treatment initiation. Patients were followed until December 31, 2018. A typology of most common treatment sequences was established using hierarchical clustering with time sequence analysis. RESULTS Two thousand two hundred twelve study patients were, on average, 63.0 years old, 69.9% of them were men, and 61.9% had a nonsquamous cell carcinoma. During the 2 years after nivolumab treatment initiation, clusters of patients with four basic types of treatment sequences were identified: (1) almost continuous nivolumab treatment (44% of patients); (2) nivolumab most of the time followed by a treatment-free interval or a chemotherapy (15% of patients); and a short or medium nivolumab treatment, followed by (3) a long systemic treatment-free interval (17% of patients) or (4) a long chemotherapy (23% of patients). CONCLUSION This machine learning approach enabled the identification of a typology of four representative treatment sequences observed in long-term survival. It was noted that most long-term survivors were treated with nivolumab for well over 1 year.
Molecular Subtyping Resource: a user-friendly tool for rapid biological discovery from transcriptional data
Authors: Ahmaderaghi Baharak , Amirkhah Raheleh , Jackson James , Lannagan Tamsin R. M. , Gilroy Kathryn , Malla Sudhir B. , Redmond Keara L. , Quinn Gerard , McDade Simon S. , ACRCelerate Consortium  , Maughan Tim , Leedham Simon , Campbell Andrew S. D. , Sansom Owen J. , Lawler Mark , Dunne Philip D. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Generation of transcriptional data has dramatically increased in the past decade, driving the development of analytical algorithms that enable interrogation of the biology underpinning the profiled samples. However, these resources require users to have expertise in data wrangling and analytics, reducing opportunities for biological discovery by ‘wet-lab’ users with a limited programming skillset. Although commercial solutions exist, costs for software access can be prohibitive for academic research groups. To address these challenges, we have developed an open source and user-friendly data analysis platform for on-the-fly bioinformatic interrogation of transcriptional data derived from human or mouse tissue, called Molecular Subtyping Resource (MouSR). This internet-accessible analytical tool, https://mousr.qub.ac.uk/, enables users to easily interrogate their data using an intuitive ‘point-and-click’ interface, which includes a suite of molecular characterisation options including quality control, differential gene expression, gene set enrichment and microenvironmental cell population analyses from RNA sequencing. The MouSR online tool provides a unique freely available option for users to perform rapid transcriptomic analyses and comprehensive interrogation of the signalling underpinning transcriptional datasets, which alleviates a major bottleneck for biological discovery.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Diagnostic grading of parotid lesions by conventional ultrasound: a pilot study
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Nie Fang , Wang Peihua , Wang Longli 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To provide a graded diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions in the parotid gland by conventional ultrasound, and thus to predict the probability of malignancy of the lesions. Methods: Retrospective analysis of conventional ultrasound images of 150 patients with parotid lesions by two observers. Parotid lesions were classified into seven patterns and then categorised into eight grades: Grade 0, unsatisfied illustration on ultrasound; Grade 1, normal parotid gland; Grade 2, definitively benign; Grade 3, probably benign; Grade 4, indeterminate; Grade 5, probably malignant; Grade 6, highly suggestive malignant and Grade 7, already had malignant diagnosis. Combined with the pathological results, the conventional ultrasound diagnostic grade of parotid lesions was evaluated for predicting the probability of malignancy. Results: There was excellent interobserver agreement of both readers for patterns and grades (K = 0.89 and 0.90, p < 0.01). The proportions of the malignancies in conventional ultrasound Grade 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 according to the two readers 0 and 0, 0 and 0, 8.7% and 8.8%, 54.2% and 50%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC curve were 64.0%, 91.2%, 0.809 and 64.0%, 89.6%, 0.802, respectively, using Grade 5 of the two readers as the best grade for diagnosing benign and malignant parotid lesions. Conclusion: The conventional ultrasound diagnostic grade of parotid lesions can be used to evaluate the risk of malignancy and will be helpful to improve the imaging diagnosis and clinical treatment.
Career planning courses increase career readiness of graduate and postdoctoral trainees
Authors: Layton Rebekah L. , Solberg V. Scott H. , Jahangir Arthee E. , Hall Joshua D. , Ponder Christine A. , Micoli Keith J. , Vanderford Nathan L. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Given national calls for intentional career development during graduate and post-graduate scientific training, this study assessed career readiness development within the context of academic career courses. The current study evaluated the effects of academic career courses offered at two institutions that were specifically designed to increase career awareness, interest, and career-related confidence among doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows. Methods: Participants enrolled in a career course at trainees’ respective academic institutions and responded to pre- and post-course surveys (n=32, n=148). The paper offers a thematic analysis of each of the two courses using an individualized learning plan career development framework and describes the results of their respective pretest-posttest evaluations which indicated increases in career readiness. Results: Though the format and content provided in each course varied, participation was associated with increases in career readiness. Participants reported increased career-awareness including a greater familiarity with different types of careers overall. Furthermore, interest in tenure track faculty careers increased in both samples, which may assuage fears that exposure to diverse career pathways could reduce interest in academic careers. Transferrable skills, including career planning and awareness also significantly increased. Course participants reported an increase in the number and type of mentors they interacted with beyond their principal faculty mentor (other faculty, professional PhDs, peers, and administrative staff). Conclusions: Findings provide supporting evidence for the benefits of implementing structured career development efforts during PhD training; even with varying content, delivery methods, and instructor type, both academic career courses led to significant gains in career awareness and readiness. Successful development and delivery of academic career courses, with a focus on career planning skills, suggest that institutions can utilize these and are an effective way to prepare PhDs for their transition from training positions into careers.
Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Saeed Hager Moustafa , Mohammad Amr Eman , Rezk Lotfy Rezk Alshaimaa , Abd Elmoneim Wesam 
Published: February 2022

Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) are associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients’ medical records were also evaluated. The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in LE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with LE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of LE a widespread state. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients’ nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.
Prospective cohort study of the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers over clinical variables in children and young people with cancer presenting with fever and neutropenia
Authors: Phillips Bob 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Fever during chemotherapy induced neutropenia is a common and potentially life-threatening complication of the treatment of childhood cancer. Predictions of poor outcome could be enhanced by incorporating serum biomarkers of inflammation at presentation and reassessment. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted of children under 18 years old, being treated for cancer or a cancer-like condition, who presented with fever (≥ 38.0°C) and neutropenia (neutrophil count < 0.5*109/L). Clinical features were recorded, along with three experimental inflammatory biomarkers: procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Outcomes included serious medical complications (SMC): any infection related mortality, critical care and organ support, severe sepsis, septic shock, significant microbiologically defined infection, or radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Results Biomarker assessments were undertaken in 43 episodes of fever and neutropenia, from 31 patients aged between four months and 17 years old (median six years): 20 were female and 22 had acute leukaemia. Five episodes of SMC were noted. PCT, IL-6 and IL-8 had poor individual discriminatory ability (C-statistic 0.48 to 0.60) and did not add to the value of clinical risk stratification tools. Insufficient data were collected to formally assess the value of repeated assessments. Conclusions Incorporating serum biomarkers of inflammation at presentation of episodes of fever with neutropenia in childhood does not clearly improve risk stratification. The value of serial assessments requires further investigation.
Psychopathic traits and empathy: moral decision making and complex affect expression recognition
Authors: Tanaś Łukasz , Łuczak Ewa 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyKwestia szczególnych deficytów poznawczych w psychopatii jest wciąż nierozstrzygnięta. Wiele dowodów wskazuje na problemy z empatią afektywną. Celem pracy była weryfikacja hipotezy o korelacji pomiędzy cechami psychopatii, a trudnościami w zakresie rozpoznawania złożonej ekspresji mimicznej oraz podejmowaniem decyzji moralnych bez uwzględniania aspektu potencjalnej krzywdy.MetodaZbadano 58 mężczyzn (populacja studentów i więźniów). Psychopatię oceniano za pomocą kwestionariusza PCL-R. Rozpoznanie złożonych wyrażeń emocjonalnych oceniano za pomocą narzędzia "Twarze" ze Skali Inteligencji Emocjonalnej i moralnych skłonności do unikania krzywdy ("deontologicznych") i maksymalizacji konsekwencji ("utylitarystycznych"), które mierzono za pomocą metody dysocjacji procesów.WynikiWięźniowie wykazywali braki prawidłowego rozpoznawania ekspresji, zarówno dla bodźców pozytywnych, jak i negatywnych. Więźniowie z wysokim poziomem psychopatii dodatkowo wykazywali wysoki wskaźnik błędów fałszywego rozpoznania negatywnych emocji. Grupa więźniów z wysokim poziomem psychopatii wykazała się niższą, niż grupa studentów i grupa więźniów z niskim poziomem psychopatii, skłonnością do unikania krzywdy. Wysoki poziom psychopatii wiązał się z deklaracjami, że przedstawione dylematy moralne były "łatwymi decyzjami". Różnice między grupami w skłonności do maksymalizacji konsekwencji w decyzjach moralnych nie były istotne.WnioskiWyniki potwierdzają hipotezę mówiącą o związku psychopatii z ogólnymi zaburzeniami procesów afektywnych. Cechy psychopatyczne związane są z gorszym rozpoznaniem złożonych ekspresji emocjonalnych, a dysfunkcja ta objawia się nie jako niepewność decyzji, lecz jako wysoka liczba fałszywych wskazań. Więźniowie o cechach psychopatycznych deklarują również, że dylematy moralne odnoszące się do potencjalnych ofiar wymagają "łatwych decyzji" i wykazują zmniejszoną responsywność na krzywdę. Ważnym i problematycznym elementem psychopatii wydaje się być dysfunkcjonalne działanie empatii afektywnej przy jednoczesnej nieświadomości tych dysfunkcji.
Polish adaptation and validation of the Mentalization Scale (MentS) – a self-report measure of mentalizing
Authors: Jańczak Monika 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyBadania miały na celu ustalenie rzetelności, struktury czynnikowej i trafności Skali Mentalizacji (Mentalization Scale, MentS) – samoopisowego narzędzia do pomiaru mentalizacji.MetodaZbadano dwie grupy osób. Pierwsza grupa (N = 202) to studenci poznańskich uczelni wyższych, druga grupa (N = 229) składała się z osób zatrudnionych na różnych stanowiskach, o zróżnicowanym wykształceniu. Wykorzystano kwestionariusze: Skala Mentalizacji, Kwestionariusz Zaburzenia Osobowości Borderline, Skala Doświadczeń w Bliskich Związkach – ECR-R, skrócona wersja inwentarza osobowości International Personality Item Pool NEO Personality Inventory, Skrócona Skala Ilorazu Empatii i Kwestionariusz Inteligencji Emocjonalnej - Cechy.WynikiAnaliza rzetelności wykazała wysoką spójność wewnętrzną wszystkich trzech podskal MentS, a przeprowadzona analiza czynnikowa pozwoliła na potwierdzenie trójczynnikowej struktury kwestionariusza. Mentalizacja mierzona kwestionariuszem MentS wykazała pozytywny związek z konstruktami pokrewnymi: empatią i inteligencją emocjonalną. Trafność MentS potwierdzają także uzyskane związki mentalizacji z przywiązaniem, cechami borderline i wymiarami osobowości oraz obserwowane różnice międzypłcioweWnioskiWeryfikacja zakładanych w badaniu hipotez prowadzi do konkluzji o wysokiej wartości psychometrycznej polskiej wersji Skali Mentalizacji (MentS) - nowego narzędzia do pomiaru mentalizacji, które może być wykorzystywane do szybkiego, ale jednocześnie wielowymiarowego pomiaru mentalizacji.