bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Oncology Clinical Trials Using Germline Genetic Data
Authors: Kammula Ashwin V. , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Rajagopal Padma Sheila 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThe recent successes of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and belzutifan support germline genetic data as an exciting, accessible source for biomarkers in cancer treatment. This study hypothesizes, however, that most oncology clinical trials using germline data largely prioritize BRCA1/2 as biomarkers and PARP inhibitors as therapy.ObjectiveTo characterize past and ongoing oncology trials that use germline data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study of oncology trials used the Informa Trialtrove database to evaluate trial attributes. Trials using germline information (including the terms germline, hereditary, or inherited in the title, treatment plan, interventions, end points, objectives, results, or notes) and conducted globally between December 1, 1990, and April 4, 2022 (data freeze date), were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrials by cancer type, phase, participants, sponsor type, end points, outcomes, and locations were described. Associated biomarkers and mechanisms of action for studied therapeutic interventions were counted. How germline data in trial inclusion and exclusion criteria are associated with end points, outcomes, and enrollment were also examined.ResultsA total of 887 of 84 297 (1.1%) oncology clinical trials in the Trialtrove database that use germline data were identified. Most trials were conducted in cancer types where PARP inhibitors are already approved. A total of 74.8% (672) of trials were performed in the phase 2 setting or above. Trials were primarily sponsored by industry (523 trials [59.0%]), academia (382 trials [43.1%]), and the government (274 trials [30.9%]), where trials may have multiple sponsor types. Among 343 trials using germline data with outcomes in Trialtrove, 180 (52.5%) reported meeting primary end points. Although BRCA1/2 are the most frequent biomarkers seen (BRCA1, 224 trials [25.3%]; BRCA2, 228 trials [25.7%]), trials also examine pharmacogenomic variants and germline mediators of somatic biomarkers. PARP inhibitors or immunotherapy were tested in 69.9% of trials; PARP inhibition was the most frequently studied mechanism (367 trials [41.4%]). An overwhelming number of trials using germline data were conducted in the US, Canada, and Europe vs other countries, mirroring disparities in cancer genetics data. Germline data in inclusion and exclusion criteria are associated with altered end point, outcomes, and enrollment compared with oncology trials with no germline data use. Examples of inclusion and exclusion criteria regarding germline data that may unintentionally exclude patients were identified.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that for germline biomarkers to gain clinical relevance, trials must expand biomarkers, therapies, and populations under study.
Interviewing to detect omission lies
Authors: Leal Sharon , Vrij Aldert , Deeb Haneen , Fisher Ronald P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterviewees sometimes deliberately omit reporting some information. Such omission lies differ from other lies because all the information interviewees present may be entirely truthful. Truth tellers and lie tellers carried out a mission. Truth tellers reported the entire mission truthfully. Lie tellers were also entirely truthful but left out one element of the mission. In truth tellers' statements, only the parts that lie tellers were also asked to recall were analysed. Interviews were carried out via the Cognitive Credibility Assessment, Reality Interview, or standard interview protocol. Dependent variables were the details, complications and verifiable sources interviewees reported. A questionnaire measured three deception strategies: ‘Tell it all’, ‘keep it simple’ or ‘paying attention to demeanour’. Lie tellers reported fewer details, complications and verifiable sources than truth tellers and reporting these variables was negatively correlated with the ‘keep it simple’ and ‘demeanour’ strategies. The type of interview protocol did not affect the results.
Enabling Durable Ultralow‐k Capacitors with Enhanced Breakdown Strength in Density‐Variant Nanolattices
Authors: Kim Min‐Woo , Lifson Max L. , Gallivan Rebecca , Greer Julia R. , Kim Bong‐Joong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUltralow‐k materials used in high voltage devices require mechanical resilience and electrical and dielectric stability even when subjected to mechanical loads. Existing devices with organic polymers suffer from low thermal and mechanical stability while those with inorganic porous structures struggle with poor mechanical integrity. Recently, 3D hollow‐beam nanolattices have emerged as promising candidates that satisfy these requirements. However, their properties are maintained for only five stress cycles at strains below 25%. Here, we demonstrate that alumina nanolattices with different relative density distributions across their height elicit a deterministic mechanical response concomitant with a 1.5–3.3 times higher electrical breakdown strength than nanolattices with uniform density. These density‐variant nanolattices exhibit an ultralow‐k of ≈1.2, accompanied by complete electric and dielectric stability and mechanical recoverability over 100 cyclic compressions to 62.5% strain. We explain the enhanced insulation and long‐term cyclical stability by the bi‐phase deformation where the lower‐density region protects the higher‐density region as it is compressed before the higher‐density region, allowing to simultaneously possess high strength and ductility like composites. This study highlights the superior electrical performance of the bi‐phase nanolattice with a single interface in providing stable conduction and maximum breakdown strength.
Hierarchical Asymmetric Complementary Bionic Structure for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Wu Fengming , Su Erming , Li Yeti , Hu Runcheng , Deng Chenghao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBionic structures are widely concerned in flexible sensors. However, there is a lack of research on the optimization of structure to improve the performance. Herein, two types of plant leaves with quite different surface structures, rose petal (RP) and paper mulberry (PM) leaf, are used to fabricate an asymmetric complementary structure. Under pressure, the microcones of PM can insert into the grooves of the RP microdome structures and can be bended under high pressure. Compared to that of PM–PM and RP–RP structures, the space for increasing the internal contact area of PM–RP structure is greatly enhanced, which improves the sensitivity and detection range of the sensor simultaneously. The hierarchical combination of stacked Ti3C2Tx MXene film with nanoscale surface roughness and the micro PM–RP structure further improves the performance. The prepared sensor shows a sensitivity up to 84.79 kPa−1 (0–10 kPa), a wide pressure detection range of 0–100 kPa, and a short response time of 11 ms. It shows great application potential in wearable electronics. Meanwhile, a universal principle for the design of micro‐structure in pressure sensors is proposed, that is, reducing the initial contact resistance and enriching the approach for increasing the contact area.
Optical Properties and Ultrafast Near‐Infrared Localized Surface Plasmon Dynamics in Naturally p‐Type Digenite Films
Authors: Villa Andrea , Telkhozhayeva Madina , Marangi Fabio , Teblum Eti , Ross Aaron M. , Prato Mirko , Andena Luca , Frassine Roberto , Scotognella Francesco , Nessim Gilbert Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCopper chalcogenides are materials characterized by intrinsic doping properties, allowing them to display high carrier concentrations due to their defect‐heavy structures, independent of the preparation method. Such high doping enables these materials to display plasmonic resonances, tunable by varying their stoichiometry. Here, plasmonic dynamics is studied in drop‐cast Cu9S5 (digenite) nanocrystals (NCs) film using ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy. The NCs are synthesized by thermal annealing of copper foil using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), followed by sonication and drop‐casting of the isolated few‐layered flakes on different substrates. The samples display a broad localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the near‐infrared (NIR), peaking at 2100 nm. The free carrier response is further confirmed by fitting the linear absorption with a Drude–Lorentz effective medium approximation model. The high temporal resolution allows to measure the relaxation dynamics of the photo‐excited holes, which are dominated by a fast decay (τ1 = 360 ± 20 fs) and correspond to hole–phonon scattering processes, followed by a long‐lived (τ2 > 1 ns) signal associated with phonon–phonon scattering relaxation. These results confirm the possibility of fabricating Cu9S5 films retaining the plasmonic properties of individual NCs, anticipating integrating these films into heterojunctions with suitable hole acceptor materials to build hot‐hole‐transfer‐based optoelectronic devices.
All‐Silicon Diatomic Terahertz Metasurface with Tailorable Linear Polarization States
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Hang , Zheng Chenglong , Liu Jingyu , Li Jie , Song Chunyu , Li Jitao , Yang Fan , Shi Wei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yating , Yao Jianquan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolarization plays a key role in fundamental science, and the improvement in miniaturization and practicability of polarization conversion devices could provide more degrees of freedom for light–matter interactions. Metasurfaces that can manipulate arbitrary polarization states at subwavelength scales can significantly reduce the complexity of meta‐optical systems. Here, a general design of an all‐silicon diatomic metasurface operating in the terahertz band that can generate a tailorable linear polarization state by the superposition of two meta‐atoms with individual geometric parameters is experimentally demonstrated. By periodically arranging polarization‐converting and polarization‐maintaining meta‐atoms, the existence of interference effects enables the proposed diatomic meta‐platform to act as an optimal linear polarization operator. The gradient arrangement of the meta‐molecules under the profile of the propagation phase is deduced by using the advanced Jones matrix, so that the polarization filtering and wavefront manipulation can be realized simultaneously, including the generation of tightly converged vortex and bifocal focusing beams. This demonstration of generating tailorable linear polarization states located on the Poincaré sphere directly from arbitrarily polarized waves can significantly facilitate the development of functional polarization meta‐devices.
A Review on Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Tian Dadi , Ma Haiguang , Huang Guangguang , Gao Min , Cai Fensha , Fang Yan , Li Chenguang , Jiang Xiaohong , Wang Aqiang , Wang Shujie , Du Zuliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), based on the solution‐processable colloidal quantum dots (QDs), are the high potential candidate for next generation display and lighting due to their high color purity, wide color gamut, low power consumption, and wide angle of view. Efforts have been made to improve the performance of the devices in order to achieve the goals of practical applications. This review focuses on the research progress in the materials and device physics of QLEDs, with the aims to accelerate the process of overcoming the obstacles to commercialization. Herein, the unique optical properties of QDs and the evolution of device structures are first reviewed. Then carrier dynamics, which has a decisive impact on device performance, is discussed in detail. In addition, the main obstacle to commercialization is emphasized as device stability, including operational stability, shelf stability, and efficiency roll‐off. Finally, unresolved issues in device physics are discussed, along with suggestions for future research directions. This review is expected to encourage further research in device physics and promote the development of QLEDs in the field of display and solid‐state lighting.
A High‐Detectivity, Fast‐Response, and Radiation‐Resistant TiN/CdZnTe Heterojunction Photodiode
Authors: Solovan Mykhailo M. , Mostovyi Andrii I. , Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Kaikanov Marat , Schopp Nora , Asare Ernest A. , Kovaliuk Taras , Veřtát Petr , Ulyanytsky Kostiantyn S. , Korbutyak Dmytro V. , Brus Viktor V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA novel high‐performance ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared (300–820 nm) heterojunction photodiode based on radiation‐resistant semiconductor materials is proposed. A titanium nitride (TiN) “window” layer is deposited via magnetron sputtering onto a cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) solid solution single crystal. The TiN/CdZnTe heterojunction photodiodes concurrently reveal an outstanding detectivity, response time, and linear dynamic range outperforming similar heterojunction photodiodes and photodetectors, based on photoactive inorganic compound semiconductor materials. Moreover, the added feature of the proposed heterojunction photodiodes is their excellent radiation resistance, experimentally demonstrated under short impulse proton irradiation (170 keV) with an accumulated fluence of 2 × 1012 proton cm−2. This unusual synergy of high performance and advanced radiation resistance of the TiN/CdZnTe photodiodes provides a unique platform for operation in space or radioactively contaminated environments.
Differences in wasting assessment through Middle‐Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) adjusted by sex, age and geographic origin for children aged 6–59 months: New reference based on anthropometric surveys from 22 low‐and‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Lescure Javier , Martín‐Turrero Irene , López‐Ejeda Noemí , Vargas Antonio , Marrodán María Dolores 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) bracelet is a widely used instrument in public health assessments and humanitarian assistance projects. The WHO guidelines present a universal cut‐off point of 115 mm to determine whether a child has severe acute malnutrition. The objective of this study is to analyze the existing differences in the MUAC for boys and girls aged between 6 and 59 months, from 22 countries distributed in three different continents, in contrast to the use of this single cut‐off point. In addition, the creation of MUAC growth charts is presented for reference use.Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out with a database developed by Action Against Hunger, composed, after the data pre‐processing phase, of 97 921 individuals without anthropometric failure from African, Asian, and American continents. MUAC measurements were compared between countries, dividing by sex and age groups. A k‐means method was used to create country clusters to allow comparisons and the variability was resumed using a Principal Component Analysis. For each cluster, growth curves were created and smoothed using the LOESS method.ResultsOur research has revealed the existence of differences in the MUAC between countries in both, males and females, although with different trends. The evidence was confirmed with the creation of two clusters using the k‐means method, which, when graphically represented by the Principal Component Analysis, showed that the MUAC was clearly different. There were also differences between males and females within each cluster, where growth curves did not overlap in any age group.ConclusionsAll statistical analysis indicate that there are differences in the MUAC values for children without anthropometric failure between countries, but also between sexes. With this research, a new reference is proposed that consider the existing variability between human populations to improve the precision in the determination of severe acute malnutrition in children.
Rhodium‐catalyzed Decarbonylation of Acylsilanes
Authors: Yoshida Tomoki , Kodama Takuya , Tobisu Mamoru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed decarbonylation of acylsilanes is reported. This reaction proceeds through the cleavage of a carbon–silicon bond in acylsilanes. When two different acylsilanes are reacted in one batch, crossover products are formed. These results indicate that two mechanisms are operating in this catalytic reaction.
In Situ Generated Et3SiI as a Metal‐Free Catalyst for the Room‐Temperature Synthesis of γ‐Valerolactone from Levulinic Acid
Authors: Dolui Pritam , Nair Abhishek , Saini Parul , Verma Ashutosh , Elias Anil. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstractγ‐Valerolactone (GVL), an industrially important compound and green‐solvent was synthesized using a metal‐free method by I2/Et3SiH directly from levulinic acid at room temperature in good yield. Different types of keto‐acids were also subjected to this methodology to synthesize the corresponding lactones. A 2‐gram scale reaction was successfully carried out in good yield. Control experiments indicated that in situ generated Et3SiI is the active catalyst for this reaction.
(SCp)Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Satoh–Miura Reaction for Building‐up Axial Chirality: Counteranion‐Directed Switching of Reaction Pathways
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Wen , Wang Qiang , Zhang Su‐Zhen , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSatoh–Miura reaction is an important method for extending π‐systems by forging multi‐substituted benzene rings via double aryl C−H activation and annulation with alkynes. However, the development of highly enantioselective Satoh–Miura reaction remains rather challenging. Herein, we report an asymmetric Satoh–Miura reaction between 1‐aryl benzo[h]isoquinolines and internal alkynes enabled by a SCpRh‐catalyst. Judiciously choosing the counteranion of the Rh‐catalyst is crucial for the desired reactivity over the competitive formation of azoniahelicenes. Detailed mechanistic studies support the proposal of counteranion‐directed switching of reaction pathways in Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H activation.
Stereodivergent Construction of Csp3−Csp3Bonds Bearing Vicinal Stereocenters by Synergistic Palladium and Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Han Jingqiang , Liu Rixin , Lin Zitong , Zi Weiwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynergistic catalysis has emerged as one of the most powerful tools for stereodivergent formation of Csp3−Csp3bonds bearing vicinal stereocenters. Despite the many successes that have been achieved in this field, stereodivergent Csp3−Csp3coupling reactions involving stabilized nucleophiles remain challenging because of the competing single‐catalysis pathway. Herein, we report a synergistic palladium/phase‐transfer catalyst system that enables diastereodivergent Csp3−Csp3coupling reactions of 1,3‐dienes with stabilized nucleophile oxindoles. Both thesynandanticoupling products, bearing quaternary and tertiary vicinal stereocenters, could be selectively produced in good yields with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities. Non‐covalent activation of the stabilized nucleophile via chiral ion pair in a biphasic system is a crucial success factor in achieving diastereodivergence.
Men's Behaviour Change Program: Participants' and Facilitators' Perceptions
Authors: O'Connor Amanda , Panayiotidis Anastasia , Bickerdike Andrew , Opoku Sandra , Skouteris Helen 
Published: November 2022

Men's behaviour change programs (MBCPs) are group programs for men using family violence. This preliminary evaluation examines participants' and facilitators' perceptions of a redeveloped MBCP. Participants reported significant improvements in their ability to manage stress, understand the impact of their use of violence, and apply skills to repair the impact of their use of violence. Facilitators reported that peer support was an important component contributing to changes in the participants' knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviours. Preliminary findings indicate that the program could potentially influence men's perceptions of family violence and consequently promote the safety and wellbeing of women and children.
Asymmetrically structured polyvinylidene fluoride composite for directional high absorbed electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Liu Renrong , Yang Yuhao , Zhu Honghao , Yu Yujing , Huang Jiang , Li Yulin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the face of electromagnetic pollution issues caused by the advancement of communication technology, it is of great significance to develop materials with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capability as well as high absorption efficiency. The nickel‐coated silicon carbide whiskers (Ni@SiCw)/graphene nanosheets (GNP)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) EMI shielding composites with the asymmetric structure are constructed by simple solution mixing and multiple hot pressing. Specifically, the Ni@SiCw in the top layer is prepared by simple electroless plating, and the saturation magnetization intensity reaches 12.50 emu/g. The combination of dielectric and magnetic losses provides reliable electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a reflection coefficient less than 0.35. GNP is selectively enriched in the bottom layer with a maximum conductivity of 85.43 S/m. The composite shows an EMI shielding performance of 36.83 dB when the GNP content is just 4 wt%, which means 99.98% of microwaves can be shielded. Furthermore, due to the distinct structure, the composites display various shielding mechanisms when electromagnetic waves are incident from different faces. Without a doubt, this asymmetric structure offers a novel approach to the preparation of directional EMI shielding materials.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel aromatic acrylic monomers for optically clear adhesive with high refractive index
Authors: Khaleghi Qusheh Bolagh Roghayeh , Salimi Ali , Kabiri Kourosh , Pourali Alireza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventional optical polymers have low refractive index; (RI <1.5) which limit their usage in the field of optoelectronics. Therefore, two types of aromatic monomers with highRIvalue were developed; that is, ionic monomer (PA.HEMA.NEt3.H+) withRI = 1.5150 and monomer (PA.BA.GMA) withRI = 1.5403. The monomers were then individually combined with a newly synthesized oligomer based on phthalic anhydride epoxy acrylate; that is, (EA.PA) withRI = 1.5567. The structures of the synthesized monomers and oligomer were confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and the chemical titration of the structure end groups. Different combinations of the monomers with oligomer EA.PA were examined to develop a UV‐curing adhesive with appropriate viscosity. According to TGA and DMTA test results, the composition containing oligomer EA.PA showed improved thermal degradation stability and high glass transition temperature. The lap shear adhesion test showed positive effect of oligomer EA.PA and PA.BA.GMA with an adhesion strength of up to 1.2 MPa. TheRIvalue of the composition containing PA.BA.GMA and oligomer EA.PA was measured as 1.55 which is qualified for the most applications in optoelectronic. The improvement inRIvalue may be well attributed to the presence of aromatic rings in the polymer chain backbone. The high degree of aromaticity is in favor with the improved thermal stability in adhesive composition.