bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights gained in the pathology of lung disease through single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Carraro Gianni , Stripp Barry R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe human lung is a relatively quiescent organ in the normal healthy state but contains stem/progenitor cells that contribute to normal tissue maintenance and either repair or remodeling in response to injury and disease. Maintenance or repair lead to proper restoration of functional lung tissue and maintenance of physiological functions, with remodeling resulting in altered structure and function that is typically associated with disease. Knowledge of cell types contributing to lung tissue maintenance and repair/remodeling have largely relied on mouse models of injury‐repair and lineage tracing of local progenitors. Therefore, many of the functional alterations underlying remodeling in human lung disease have remained poorly defined. However, the advent of advanced genomics approaches to define the molecular phenotype of lung cells at single‐cell resolution has paved the way for rapid advances in our understanding of cell types present within the normal human lung and changes that accompany disease. Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of disease‐related changes in the molecular phenotype of human lung epithelium that have emerged from single‐cell transcriptomic studies. We focus attention on emerging concepts of epithelial transitional states that characterize the pathological remodeling that accompanies chronic lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. Concepts arising from these studies are actively evolving and require corroborative studies to improve our understanding of disease mechanisms. Whenever possible, we highlight opportunities for providing a unified nomenclature in this rapidly advancing field of research. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Temperature sensitivity maps of silicon wafers from photoluminescence imaging: The effect of gettering and hydrogenation
Authors: Nie Shuai , Chin Robert Lee , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Mehl Torbjørn , Theska Felix , Haghdadi Nima , Primig Sophie , Chan Catherine , Trupke Thorsten , Hameiri Ziv 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe operating temperature has a critical impact on the electrical performance of solar cells. It has been shown that the temperature coefficient is not uniform across devices and often varies between different regions due to the inhomogeneous distributions of defects. In this study, temperature‐dependent photoluminescence imaging measurements are used to assess the influence of different processes such as gettering, firing and advanced hydrogenation on the temperature‐dependent electrical performance of cast‐mono silicon wafers. It is found that the height of the wafer within the ingot impacts the response of the temperature coefficient to different fabrication processes. Advanced hydrogenation is found to reduce the temperature sensitivity, more than expected solely from the improvement in implied open‐circuit voltage. Crystallographic defects are found to be the least temperature sensitive regions, indicating that their detrimental impact is reduced at higher operating temperatures. The interesting low temperature sensitivity in the defective regions is further investigated using hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging measurements and atom probe tomography. It is suggested that the reduced sensitivity is due to impurities decorating crystallographic defects.
A positive effect of a short period stay in Alpine environment on lung function in asthmatic children
Authors: Cogo Annalisa , Piazza Michele , Costella Silvia , Appodia Massimiliano , Aralla Raffaele , Zanconato Stefania , Carraro Silvia , Piacentini Giorgio ,   Istituto Pio XII Scientific Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractLung function is a central issue in diagnosis and determination of asthma severity and asthma control has been previously reported to improve after a stay in mountain environment for at least 2 weeks. No data are available for shorter periods of stay, in particular for small airways during a stay at altitude. The aim of this study is to focus on changes in respiratory function, regarding both the central airways and the peripheral airways in the first 2 weeks of stay in a mountain environment in asthmatic children. In this study, 66 asthmatic children (age: 14 ± 2.8 years) were evaluated through spirometric and oscillometric tests at the time of arrival at the Istituto Pio XII, Misurina (BL), Italy, 1756 m above sea level (T0), after 24 h (T1), and 168 h (T2) of stay. FEV1%, FEF25%–75%, and FEV1/FVC increased significantly from T0 value both at T1 and T2 (respectively, p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0002). Oscillometry showed a significant improvement in R5, R20, and R5–20 at both T1 and T2 as compared to T0 (respectively, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.049). Reactance at 5 Hz (X5) improved significantly at T2 versus T0, p = 0.0022. The area under reactance curve between Fres and 5 Hz (AX) was significantly reduced (p = 0.0001) both at T1 and T2 as compared to T0. This study shows an improvement in respiratory indices as soon as after 24 h of stay at altitude, persisting in the following week.
Change‐point analysis of lambda‐cyhalothrin efficacy against soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura): identifying practical resistance from field efficacy trials
Authors: Menger James P. , Ribeiro Arthur V. , Potter Bruce D. , Koch Robert L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSoybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) remains the most economically important arthropod pest of soybean in the Upper Midwest Region of the USA. Soybean aphid resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides emerged in 2015; however, the reduction in the efficacy of field applications of pyrethroid insecticides has not been quantified. Based on time‐series data from insecticide efficacy trials at two locations, a novel approach of continuous two‐phase change point‐regression models was used to indicate whether a change in percent control had occurred, and to provide an indication of when and to what degree the percent control had changed.ResultsAt both locations examined in this study, a significant change point for percent control of λ‐cyhalothrin was detected in 2014, thus marking the onset of practical resistance in the soybean aphid. Percent control decreased at a rate of 4.30% and 19.90% per year at these locations. By contrast, percent control for chlorpyrifos remained high over time with no significant change point.ConclusionThis research demonstrates that retrospective time‐series analysis of insecticide efficacy data can identify the onset and magnitude of practical resistance in the field. This further validates and compliments the other lines of evidence related to pyrethroid resistance in soybean aphid. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Biocoating—A Critical Step Governing the Oral Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Azagury Aharon , Baptista Cameron , Milovanovic Kosta , Shin Hyeseon , Morello Peter , Perez‐Rogers James , Goldenshtein Victoria , Nguyen Travis , Markel Arianna , Rege Soham , Hojsak Stephanie , Perl Alexander , Jones Carder , Fife Megan , Furtado Stacia , Mathiowitz Edith 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecades of research into the topic of oral nanoparticle (NP) delivery has still not provided a clear consensus regarding which properties produce an effective oral drug delivery system. The surface properties—charge and bioadhesiveness—as well as in vitro and in vivo correlation seem to generate the greatest number of disagreements within the field. Herein, a mechanism underlying the in vivo behavior of NPs is proposed, which bridges the gaps between these disagreements. The mechanism relies on the idea of biocoating—the coating of NPs with mucus—which alters their surface properties, and ultimately their systemic uptake. Utilizing this mechanism, several coated NPs are tested in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, and biocoating is found to affect NPs size, zeta‐potential, mucosal diffusion coefficient, the extent of aggregation, and in vivo/in vitro/ex vivo correlation. Based on these results, low molecular weight polylactic acid exhibits a 21‐fold increase in mucosal diffusion coefficient after precoating as compared to uncoated particles, as well as 20% less aggregation, and about 30% uptake to the blood in vivo. These discoveries suggest that biocoating reduces negative NP charge which results in an enhanced mucosal diffusion rate, increased gastrointestinal retention time, and high systemic uptake.
A Biodegradable Magnetic Microrobot Based on Gelatin Methacrylate for Precise Delivery of Stem Cells with Mass Production Capability
Authors: Noh Seungmin , Jeon Sungwoong , Kim Eunhee , Oh Untaek , Park Danbi , Park Sun Hwa , Kim Sung Won , Pané Salvador , Nelson Bradley J. , Kim Jin‐young , Choi Hongsoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA great deal of research has focused on small‐scale robots for biomedical applications and minimally invasive delivery of therapeutics (e.g., cells, drugs, and genes) to a target area. Conventional fabrication methods, such as two‐photon polymerization, can be used to build sophisticated micro‐ and nanorobots, but the long fabrication cycle for a single microrobot has limited its practical use. This study proposes a biodegradable spherical gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microrobot for mass production in a microfluidic channel. The proposed microrobot is fabricated in a flow‐focusing droplet generator by shearing a mixture of GelMA, photoinitiator, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a mixture of oil and surfactant. Human nasal turbinate stem cells (hNTSCs) are loaded on the GelMA microrobot, and the hNTSC‐loaded microrobot shows precise rolling motion in response to an external rotating magnetic field. The microrobot is enzymatically degraded by collagenase, and released hNTSCs are proliferated and differentiated into neuronal cells. In addition, the feasibility of the GelMA microrobot as a cell therapeutic delivery system is investigated by measuring electrophysiological activity on a multielectrode array. Such a versatile and fully biodegradable microrobot has the potential for targeted stem cell delivery, proliferation, and differentiation for stem cell‐based therapy.
Structural Origin of Suppressed Voltage Decay in Single‐Crystalline Li‐Rich Layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 Cathodes
Authors: Yang Xiaoxia , Wang Suning , Han Duzhao , Wang Kai , Tayal Akhil , Baran Volodymyr , Missyul Alexander , Fu Qiang , Song Jiangxuan , Ehrenberg Helmut , Indris Sylvio , Hua Weibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium‐ and manganese‐rich layered oxides (LMLOs, ≥ 250 mAh g−1) with polycrystalline morphology always suffer from severe voltage decay upon cycling because of the anisotropic lattice strain and oxygen release induced chemo‐mechanical breakdown. Herein, a Co‐free single‐crystalline LMLO, that is, Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 (LLNMO‐SC), is prepared via a Li+/Na+ ion‐exchange reaction. In situ synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction (sXRD) results demonstrate that relatively small changes in lattice parameters and reduced average micro‐strain are observed in LLNMO‐SC compared to its polycrystalline counterpart (LLNMO‐PC) during the charge–discharge process. Specifically, the as‐synthesized LLNMO‐SC exhibits a unit cell volume change as low as 1.1% during electrochemical cycling. Such low strain characteristics ensure a stable framework for Li‐ion insertion/extraction, which considerably enhances the structural stability of LLNMO during long‐term cycling. Due to these peculiar benefits, the average discharge voltage of LLNMO‐SC decreases by only ≈0.2 V after 100 cycles at 28 mA g‐1 between 2.0 and 4.8 V, which is much lower than that of LLNMO‐PC (≈0.5 V). Such a single‐crystalline strategy offers a promising solution to constructing stable high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
The role of fluorescent carbon dots in crops: Mechanism and applications
Authors: Guo Baoyan , Liu Guo , Wei Haopeng , Qiu Jiemin , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Xuejie , Zheng Mingtao , Li Wei , Zhang Haoran , Hu Chaofan , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have been widely studied in biosensing, imaging, information encryption, and optoelectronic devices due to excellent optical properties, such as photostability, tunable luminescence range, and resistance to photobleaching. In recent years, CDs have been explored for use in agriculture. Based on their light harvest and light conversion capacity, as well as their characteristics of easy synthesis and low toxicity, CDs show great potential in improving crop photosynthesis. In addition, CDs can also be used for smart and anticounterfeiting packing, food safety detection, and preservation of crops after harvest. In this study, the application of CDs with excellent optical properties in crops has been summarized, including preharvest processes (photosynthesis and plant imaging), and postharvest processes (crop preservation and food safety). Then the toxicity of CDs to crops is introduced. Finally, the present challenges and future prospects are discussed.
Handwashing stations in Nepal: Role of wealth status in establishing handwashing stations at home
Authors: Sharma Mohan Kumar , Adhikari Ramesh , van Teijlingen Edwin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHandwashing has been proven to be effective at preventing several infectious diseases. This study aims to find out the role of wealth status in establishing handwashing stations in the households of Nepal. This study used secondary data from Nepal Demographic Health Survey in 2016 to assess the association between households' wealth status and handwashing stations. The findings displayed a significant association between the age of the household head, residence place, ecological zone, province, wealth status, having a mosquito net, having a radio and TV in the respondent's household, and fixed handwashing stations at their households at p < 0.001 level. Wealth status has significant effect on fixed handwashing stations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 12.699; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.120–15.935; p < 0.001) in the households. The households with the poorest wealth status (aOR = 9.718; 95% CI = 7.387–12.785; p < 0.001), mountain ecological zone (aOR = 1.325; 95% CI = 1.098–1.599; p < 0.01), Madhesh province (aOR = 2.967; 95% CI = 2.405–3.658; p < 0.001) were significant predictors for not having fixed handwashing stations even after inclusion of socio‐covariates. Correspondingly, the presence of mosquito net (aOR = 0.795; 95% CI = 0.692–0.913; p < 0.01), presence of a radio (aOR = 0.758; 95% CI = 0.671–0.857; p < 0.001), and presence of a TV (aOR = 0.762; 95% CI = 0.667–0.871; p < 0.001) had a significant effect on fixed handwashing stations at their households even after inclusion of socio‐covariates. The study found households with the poorest wealth quintiles, mountain ecological zone, and Madhesh and Karnali provinces had low fixed handwashing stations. The study suggests more leading interventions to improve public health in this region.
Mexico – U.S. Migration: Economic, Labor and Development Issues
Authors: Arroyo Jesús , Berumen Salvador , Martin Philip , Orrenius Pia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the labor dynamics behind the recent downward trend in Mexico – U.S. migration and explores likely future employment scenarios in each country and their consequences for present and future international migration trends. The chapter examines the labor market roles of Mexican-born workers in the United States and return migrants in Mexico, emphasizing changes between 2000 and 2010 in the number and characteristics of Mexican-born workers in the United States, projections to 2022, and the impacts of returned workers on the Mexican labor market. The authors draw on projections, analyses of economic, labor market, and development micro data, as well as case studies.
Educating Across Borders: The Well-Being of Students from Mexican Immigrant Families in the United States and in Mexico
Authors: Giorguli Silvia , Jensen Bryant , Bean Frank , Brown Susan , Sawyer Adam , Zúñiga Víctor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Often lost in the deluge of policy opinions regarding international migration management is the development and well-being of children and youth who in one way or another are affected by their parents’ decisions to leave communities of origin in Mexico for opportunities in the United States. The experiences of these students are diverse. Some migrate at an early age with their parents, others take on solitary migratory journeys during adolescence, and yet others cross the border over and again, leading truly transnational lives. Most, however, are affected by migration less directly, through the international migration experiences of their parents and/or other relatives (resulting, among other things, in stresses associated with family separation).
Migrant Health Vulnerability Through the Migration Process: Implications for Health Policy in Mexico and the United States
Authors: de Snyder V. Nelly Salgado , Riosmena Fernando , González-Block Miguel Ángel , Wong Rebeca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Social vulnerability refers to the relative lack of protection of a group of people when they face potential damage to their health, threats to the satisfaction of their basic needs, and violation of their human rights due to their lesser financial, personal, social and legal resources. Individuals and societies cope with these adverse conditions by mitigating or adapting to hazards in different ways. For instance, people migrate (oftentimes temporarily) seeking better circumstances that allow them to alleviate the worst effects of social vulnerability in the short term or remedy them in the medium-to-long run by allowing them to live in more secure, stable, and salubrious environments.
Living in Fear and Insecurity: Growing Risks in Mexican Migration Environments
Authors: Rodríguez Néstor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Living and working conditions in Mexican migration environments in the United States and Mexico have become increasingly insecure for migrants and their families and communities since the mid-1990s. The enactment of national, state, and local policies in the United States to restrict unauthorized migrants and the emergence of organized criminal violence in Mexico have contributed to this development. After large-scale unauthorized immigration from Mexico surged in the 1970s, the biggest threats Mexican migrants faced until the mid-1990s were mainly apprehensions for illegal entry followed by “voluntary departures” back to the Mexican side of the border or an occasional workplace raid, which interrupted a migrant’s employment for several days. Large-scale Border Patrol operations between the mid-1940s and 1954 repatriated large numbers of Mexican migrants, but more than two decades later, in the 1970s and 1980s, studies of Mexican migrants in the United States did not depict deportations, or the fear of deportations, as having major or broad effects in Mexican migration environments.
‘This Is a Punishment to America’ Framing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe’s Mainstream Media
Authors: Munoriyarwa Allen , Chibuwe Albert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrawing on framing, at both methodological and theoretical levels, this chapter examines the framing of the COVID-19 pandemic in two mainstream Zimbabwean weekly newspapers. The chapter answers two questions: In what ways did the mainstream media in Zimbabwe frame the COVID-19 pandemic? To what extent did the coverage sync with the public sphere model of biocommunicability? We note that the private mainstream press largely adopted a thematic framing approach of the ruling regime’s COVID-19 plan, by highlighting corruption, mismanagement, and overt politicisation of the pandemic. The state-controlled public press broadly adopted a episodic framing approach that focused on the state’s COVID-19 intervention over time, mostly presenting these interventions as a success story. We argue that the episodic framing approach of the private press attempted to hold the state to account. The thematic framing approach of the state-controlled public press backgrounded the regime’s failure to stem the pandemic tide and presented the intervention in ‘sunshine journalism’. Both framing approaches violated established health reporting practices, as outlined in the biocommunicability model. We conclude that ‘the hear, speak and see no evil news framing approach’ of the public media and the anti-regime frames prevalent in the private press reflect prevalent media polarisation.
‘Weapons of Oppressors’: COVID-19 Regulatory Framework and its Impact on Journalism Practices in Southern Africa
Authors: Augustine Tshuma Lungile , Matsilele Trust , Msimanga Mbongeni Jonny 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter examines the regulatory frameworks that were put in place by governments in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region to combat the outbreak of COVID-19 and the impact it had on journalism practices in the region. African governments with the help of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines crafted laws and policies which prohibited gatherings. These measures limited the conduct of journalism, i.e. gathering and dissemination of news, during the pandemic. While these laws were implemented to avert the virus, we argue in this chapter that some regimes used the pandemic to muzzle the media. We analyse laws that were gazetted in Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and South Africa to combat/ address COVID-19, and evaluate their impact on the practice of journalism in the region through the lens of securitisation theory. The securitisation theory indicates that by declaring something or phenomenon a threat, it ensures that such a phenomenon is moved out of the sphere of normal politics into the realm of emergency politics, where it can be dealt with without the normal (democratic) rules and regulations of policymaking. Methodologically, the chapter uses document analysis which is the systematic evaluation and review of documents. The study found that Zimbabwe and Tanzania enacted laws meant to restrict journalistic practice and information management flow under the cover of the pandemic. The laws enacted were targeted at critical and oppositional media. South Africa was a complete opposite as journalists were capacitated by the state to function properly during the pandemic even when other citizens’ rights were limited during the lockdown period.
Endangered Voices: Nigerian Journalists’ Safety amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alade Moyosore Omowonuola , Sanusi Bernice Oluwalanu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the difficult conditions Nigerian journalists faced while reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the threats and dangers faced by Nigerian broadcast journalists and its implication for journalism practice amid a pandemic. Using a qualitative approach, we conducted nine in-depth interviews (online) with broadcast journalists in 2020 and employed thematic analysis to address the study’s findings. The study found that the safety threats encountered by journalists during the COVID-19 outbreak include the risk of contracting the virus, financial insecurity, and emotional trauma, among others. To combat these safety threats, journalists were responsible for their safety; hence, they ensured adherence to safety protocols with little or no support from the media houses they worked for. The implication of these safety threats to journalism practice includes reduced work output, reduced dissemination of factual reports, low-quality stories, and the lack of in-depth and investigative news reports during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.