bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Areas of Cerrado Foster Wasp (Hymenoptera) Diversity in Human Modified Landscapes
Authors: Simplício Viviane dos Santos , Abot Alfredo Raúl , Shimbori Eduardo Mitio , Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello , Carolina Onody Helena , Castro Torres Lucas , Zazycki Luiza Cristiane Fialho , de Souza Marcos Magalhaes , Rodrigues Marciel Elio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Land use changes from native vegetation to agriculture, livestock grazing, and urban development are among the main problems related to biodiversity loss worldwide. In this paper we evaluate how land use changes (eucalypt plantation and pasture) affect the richness and assemblage of wasps (Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pompilidae, and Vespidae), in comparison with nearby areas with native vegetation in the Cerrado. Specimens were collected at six points, with two Malaise traps at each location. The collections were performed monthly for 10 d, for 12 mo. A total of 773 hymenopterans of the selected groups were collected, representing 253 species or morphospecies. Richness of the families Ichneumonidae and Pompilidae between the areas did not present significant differences. For the families Braconidae and Vespidae, the richness was greater in the eucalypt plantation and pasture areas compared to the native area. Species composition in the native habitat was different from either of the managed habitats in the studied environment. Furthermore, the composition of wasps in native areas varied less throughout the sampling campaigns when compared with the pasture and eucalyptus sites. In native areas, 85 exclusive morphospecies were found. Thus, changes in land use may cause changes in the composition of wasp species, since areas with native vegetation presented more heterogeneous and stable environments than the other land uses. The maintenance of native areas, even if close to planted forest and/or pasture areas, could be the best way to combine forest productivity with biodiversity conservation.
The Heterogeneous Tax Pass-Through Under Different Vertical Relationships
Authors: Bajo-Buenestado Raúl , Borrella-Mas Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A large body of literature has examined the impact of the horizontal market structure on the tax incidence on consumers. However, the extent to which the vertical market structure affects the tax pass-through—which might be particularly relevant in the presence of the double marginalisation problem—is an unexplored question. Using a confidential dataset of gas station contracts with a major Spanish refiner, in combination with their retail fuel prices and characteristics, we document that the pass-through of a tax on prices is about 38% higher in vertically integrated gas stations than in independent ones. Our estimates allow us to assess the impact on government revenue and emissions under different counterfactual market scenarios.
New resources for the Drosophila 4th chromosome: FRT101F enabled mitotic clones and Bloom syndrome helicase enabled meiotic recombination
Authors: Goldsmith Samuel L , Shimell MaryJane , Tauscher Petra , Daly Samantha M , Shimmi Osamu , O’Connor Michael B , Newfeld Stuart J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Genes on the long arm of the Drosophila melanogaster 4th chromosome are difficult to study because the chromosome lacks mitotic and meiotic recombination. Without recombination numerous standard methods of genetic analysis are impossible. Here, we report new resources for the 4th. For mitotic recombination, we generated a chromosome with an FRT very near the centromere in 101F and a derivative that carries FRT101F with a distal ubiquitously expressed GAL80 transgene. This pair of chromosomes enables both unmarked and MARCM clones. For meiotic recombination, we demonstrate that a Bloom syndrome helicase and recombination defective double mutant genotype can create recombinant 4th chromosomes via female meiosis. All strains will be available to the community via the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. Additional resources for studies of the 4th are in preparation and will also be made available. The goal of the 4th Chromosome Resource Project is to accelerate the genetic analysis of protein-coding genes on the 4th, including the 44 genes with no demonstrated function. Studies of these previously inaccessible but largely conserved genes will close longstanding gaps in our knowledge of metazoan development and physiology.
The Community as the Unit of Healing: Conceptualizing Social Determinants of Health and Well-Being for Older American Indian Adults
Authors: Jaramillo Elise T , Haozous Emily , Willging Cathleen E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Multiple racial and social inequities shape health and access to health care for American Indian Elders, who have a lower life expectancy than all other aging populations in the United States. This qualitative study examines how upstream social determinants of health influence Elders’ ability to access and use health care.

Research Design and Methods
Between June 2016 and March 2017, we conducted individual, semistructured interviews with 96 American Indian Elders, aged 55 and older, and 47 professionals involved in planning or delivering care to Elders in 2 states in the U.S. Southwest. Transcripts were analyzed iteratively using grounded theory approaches, including open and focused coding. A group of American Indian Elders and allies called the Seasons of Care Community Action Board guided interpretation and prioritization of findings.

Results
Participants described multiple barriers that hindered Elders’ ability to access health care services and providers, which were largely tied to funding shortages and bureaucratic complexities associated with health care and insurance systems. Where available, community resources bridged service gaps and helped Elders navigate systems.

Discussion and Implications
Longstanding structural inequities for American Indians manifest in barriers to health equity, many of which are situated at the community level. These are compounded by additional disparities affecting older adults, rural residents, and marginalized citizens in general. Findings underscore the importance of health and policy initiatives for American Indian Elders that emphasize the community as the focus of intervention.
Comparative analysis of common alignment tools for single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Brüning Ralf Schulze , Tombor Lukas , Schulz Marcel H , Dimmeler Stefanie , John David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
With the rise of single-cell RNA sequencing new bioinformatic tools have been developed to handle specific demands, such as quantifying unique molecular identifiers and correcting cell barcodes. Here, we benchmarked several datasets with the most common alignment tools for single-cell RNA sequencing data. We evaluated differences in the whitelisting, gene quantification, overall performance, and potential variations in clustering or detection of differentially expressed genes. We compared the tools Cell Ranger version 6, STARsolo, Kallisto, Alevin, and Alevin-fry on 3 published datasets for human and mouse, sequenced with different versions of the 10X sequencing protocol.

Results
Striking differences were observed in the overall runtime of the mappers. Besides that, Kallisto and Alevin showed variances in the number of valid cells and detected genes per cell. Kallisto reported the highest number of cells; however, we observed an overrepresentation of cells with low gene content and unknown cell type. Conversely, Alevin rarely reported such low-content cells. Further variations were detected in the set of expressed genes. While STARsolo, Cell Ranger 6, Alevin-fry, and Alevin produced similar gene sets, Kallisto detected additional genes from the Vmn and Olfr gene family, which are likely mapping artefacts. We also observed differences in the mitochondrial content of the resulting cells when comparing a prefiltered annotation set to the full annotation set that includes pseudogenes and other biotypes.

Conclusion
Overall, this study provides a detailed comparison of common single-cell RNA sequencing mappers and shows their specific properties on 10X Genomics data.
Explicitly sexing health security: analysing the downstream effects of Panama’s sex-segregated COVID-19 disease control policy
Authors: Wenham Clare , Arauz-Reyes Nelva Marissa , Meneses-Sala Daniela , Rueda-Borrero Corina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In response to COVID-19, Panama implemented a sex-segregated lockdown policy whereby women were allowed to access essential services on Monday, Wednesday and Friday and men on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The logic was to reduce disease transmission by controlling population circulation at any one time. We sought to understand the impact of this policy approach on Panamanian society. To do so, we undertook key informant interviews with representatives from groups of society that have been significantly affected by this policy across Panamanian society. Framework analysis was undertaken on interview transcripts to identify key trends, which were latterly triangulated with academic, media and grey literature. Firstly, we engage with intersectional analyses to show that those most affected were marginalised groups including trans population, disabled groups, indigenous groups and migrants who faced discrimination as a consequence of this policy. Secondly, we highlight practical tensions that individuals faced relating to access to resources (financial, health-related and beyond), and third we interrogate the methods used to enforce this policy, and the role of the police and exemption passes. We conclude that this policy was regressive in that it affected those most vulnerable in Panamanian society, entrenching existing inequalities. Before implementing sex-segregated policies in future health crises, governments must seek advice of gender and equality advisors and ensure impact assessments are undertaken to understand the burden such policies may pose across society.
TNFRSF10A downregulation induces retinal pigment epithelium degeneration during the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Mori Kenichiro , Ishikawa Keijiro , Fukuda Yosuke , Ji Rui , Wada Iori , Kubo Yuki , Akiyama Masato , Notomi Shoji , Murakami Yusuke , Nakao Shintaro , Arakawa Satoshi , Shiose Satomi , Hisatomi Toshio , Yoshida Shigeo , Kannan Ram , Sonoda Koh-Hei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) are common diseases that can cause vision loss in older and younger populations. These diseases share pathophysiological conditions derived from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 10A (TNFRSF10A)-LOC389641 with the same lead single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs13278062) is the only overlapped susceptibility locus found in both AMD and CSC through genome-wide association studies. This lead SNP has been reported to alter the transcriptional activity of TNFRSF10A. This study aimed to elucidate the function of TNFRSF10A in RPE degeneration using human primary RPE cells and Tnfrsf10 knockout (Tnfrsf10−/−) mice. TNFRSF10A was found to be localized in human RPE. In vitro assays revealed that a T allele of rs13278062, the risk allele for AMD and CSC, downregulated TNFRSF10A transcription in RPE, leading to decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis through protein kinase C-α (PKCA) downregulation. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a PKC activator, rescued the cell viability. Morphological RPE abnormality was found in the retina of Tnfrsf10−/− mice. Our data suggest that downregulation of TNFRSF10A expression inactivates PKCA signaling and causes cellular vulnerability of the RPE, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD and CSC.
On Schrödinger Groups of Fractional Powers of Hermite Operators
Authors: Bui The Anh , Duong Xuan Thinh , Hong Qing , Hu Guorong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Let $\mathcal {H}=-\Delta + |x|^2$ be the Hermite operator on $\mathbb R^n$ with $n\ge 2$. In this paper, we prove the boundedness of Schrödinger groups of fractional powers of $\mathcal {H}$ on Lebesgue and Hardy spaces. More precisely, we prove that (a) for $p \in (1,\infty )$, $\gamma&gt;0$ and $\beta /\gamma \geq n|1/p -1/2|$, $$ \begin{align*} \big\|\mathcal{H}^{-\beta /2}e^{it \mathcal{H}^{\gamma /2}}f\big\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)} \leq C (1 + |t|)^{n|1/p-1/2|}\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}, \quad \forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \end{align*}$$and (b) for $p \in (0, 1]$, $\gamma&gt;0$ and $\beta /\gamma \geq n(1/p -1/2)$, $$ \begin{align*} \big\|\mathcal{H}^{-\beta /2}e^{it \mathcal{H}^{\gamma /2}}f\big\|_{H^p_{\mathcal{H}}(\mathbb R^n)} \leq C (1 + |t|)^{n(1/p-1/2)}\|f\|_{H^p_{\mathcal{H}}(\mathbb R^n)}, \quad \forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \end{align*}$$where $H^p_{\mathcal {H}}(\mathbb R^n)$ is the Hardy space associated with the operator $\mathcal {H}$. These estimates improve related result of Thangavelu [22] and have some interesting applications.
Generalized Affine Springer Theory and Hilbert Schemes on Planar Curves
Authors: Garner Niklas , Kivinen Oscar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that Hilbert schemes of planar curve singularities and their parabolic variants can be interpreted as certain generalized affine Springer fibers for $GL_n$, as defined by Goresky–Kottwitz–MacPherson. Using a generalization of affine Springer theory for Braverman–Finkelberg–Nakajima’s Coulomb branch algebras, we construct a rational Cherednik algebra action on the homology of the Hilbert schemes and compute it in examples. Along the way, we generalize to the parahoric setting the recent construction of Hilburn–Kamnitzer–Weekes, which may be of independent interest. In the spherical case, we make our computations explicit through a new general localization formula for Coulomb branches. Via results of Hogancamp–Mellit, we also show the rational Cherednik algebra acts on the HOMFLY-PT homologies of torus knots. This work was inspired in part by a construction in 3D ${\mathcal {N}}=4$ gauge theory.
Lassa Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine Protects Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs Against Challenge With Geographically and Genetically Diverse Viral Strains
Authors: Spengler Jessica R , Kainulainen Markus H , Welch Stephen R , Coleman-McCray JoAnn D , Harmon Jessica R , Condrey Jillian A , Scholte Florine E M , Nichol Stuart T , Montgomery Joel M , Albariño César G , Spiropoulou Christina F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes mild to severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. Strain 13/N guinea pigs are highly susceptible to infection with LASV strain Josiah (clade IV), providing a critical model system for therapeutics and vaccine development. To develop additional models of disease, we detail the clinical course in guinea pigs infected with 5 geographically and genetically diverse LASV strains. Two of the developed models (LASV clades II and III) were then used to evaluate efficacy of a virus replicon particle vaccine against heterologous LASV challenge, demonstrating complete protection against clinical disease after a single vaccination dose.
Cancer-derived cholesterol sulfate is a key mediator to prevent tumor infiltration by effector T cells
Authors: Tatsuguchi Takaaki , Uruno Takehito , Sugiura Yuki , Sakata Daiji , Izumi Yoshihiro , Sakurai Tetsuya , Hattori Yuko , Oki Eiji , Kubota Naoto , Nishimoto Koshiro , Oyama Masafumi , Kunimura Kazufumi , Ohki Takuto , Bamba Takeshi , Tahara Hideaki , Sakamoto Michiie , Nakamura Masafumi , Suematsu Makoto , Fukui Yoshinori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Effective tumor immunotherapy requires physical contact of T cells with cancer cells. However, tumors often constitute a specialized microenvironment that excludes T cells from the vicinity of cancer cells, and its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. DOCK2 is a Rac activator critical for migration and activation of lymphocytes. We herein show that cancer-derived cholesterol sulfate (CS), a lipid product of the sulfotransferase SULT2B1b, acts as a DOCK2 inhibitor and prevents tumor infiltration by effector T cells. Using clinical samples, we found that CS was abundantly produced in certain types of human cancers such as colon cancers. Functionally, CS-producing cancer cells exhibited resistance to cancer-specific T-cell transfer and immune checkpoint blockade. Although SULT2B1b is known to sulfate oxysterols and inactivate their tumor-promoting activity, the expression levels of cholesterol hydroxylases, which mediate oxysterol production, are low in SULT2B1b-expressing cancers. Therefore, SULT2B1b inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy to disrupt tumor immune evasion in oxysterol-non-producing cancers. Thus, our findings define a previously unknown mechanism for tumor immune evasion and provide a novel insight into the development of effective immunotherapies.
Impact of introducing procalcitonin testing on antibiotic usage in acute NHS hospitals during the first wave of COVID-19 in the UK: a controlled interrupted time series analysis of organization-level data
Authors: Llewelyn Martin J. , Grozeva Detelina , Howard Philip , Euden Joanne , Gerver Sarah M. , Hope Russell , Heginbothom Margaret , Powell Neil , Richman Colin , Shaw Dominick , Thomas-Jones Emma , West Robert M. , Carrol Enitan D. , Pallmann Philip , Sandoe Jonathan A. T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Blood biomarkers have the potential to help identify COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfection in whom antibiotics are indicated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, procalcitonin testing was widely introduced at hospitals in the UK to guide antibiotic prescribing. We have determined the impact of this on hospital-level antibiotic consumption.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, controlled interrupted time series analysis of organization-level data describing antibiotic dispensing, hospital activity and procalcitonin testing for acute hospitals/hospital trusts in England and Wales during the first wave of COVID-19 (24 February to 5 July 2020).

Results
In the main analysis of 105 hospitals in England, introduction of procalcitonin testing in emergency departments/acute medical admission units was associated with a statistically significant decrease in total antibiotic use of −1.08 (95% CI: −1.81 to −0.36) DDDs of antibiotic per admission per week per trust. This effect was then lost at a rate of 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02–0.08) DDDs per admission per week. Similar results were found specifically for first-line antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia and for COVID-19 admissions rather than all admissions. Introduction of procalcitonin in the ICU setting was not associated with any significant change in antibiotic use.

Conclusions
At hospitals where procalcitonin testing was introduced in emergency departments/acute medical units this was associated with an initial, but unsustained, reduction in antibiotic use. Further research should establish the patient-level impact of procalcitonin testing in this population and understand its potential for clinical effectiveness.
PCV-15 and PPSV-23 coverage of invasive and respiratory tract Streptococcus pneumoniae, including MDR and XDR isolates: CANWARD 2007–20
Authors: Golden Alyssa R. , Baxter Melanie , Adam Heather J , Martin Irene , Demczuk Walter , Mulvey Michael R , Karlowsky James A , Zhanel George G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the proportion of invasive and respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including MDR and XDR strains, that demonstrated PCV-15 and PPSV-23 serotypes in Canada from 2007 to 2020.

Methods
The CANWARD study collected 2984 S. pneumoniae isolates from 2007 to 2020 (1054 invasive, 1930 respiratory). Serotyping was performed using the Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI methods. MDR/XDR was defined as resistance to ≥3/≥5 antimicrobial classes, respectively.

Results
Overall, the proportion of vaccine serotypes demonstrating a PCV-15/PPSV-23 serotype was significantly higher in blood isolates (54.6%/76.2%, respectively) than respiratory isolates (38.9%/55.3%; P &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, PCV-15 and PPSV-23 vaccine coverage was higher for blood isolates for all demographic categories, including both genders, all regions and all age groups (P ≤ 0.0213). PCV-15/PPSV-23 coverage was also significantly higher for blood isolates demonstrating clarithromycin resistance (60.4/75.1% blood, 47.8/57.4% respiratory; P ≤ 0.009) and penicillin resistance (68.9/63.0% blood, 45.2/43.0% respiratory; P &lt; 0.0001) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates for PPSV-23 only (82.6% blood, 64.3% respiratory; P = 0.0057). Vaccine coverage was numerically higher but not significantly different between specimen source for children &lt;2 years of age, as well as ceftriaxone-, doxycycline- and levofloxacin-resistant isolates. PCV-15/PPSV-23 vaccine coverage for MDR isolates (61.8%/67.3% blood, 52.2%/56.2% respiratory) and XDR isolates (93.3% blood, 89.6% respiratory for both vaccines) was not significantly different between specimen sources.

Conclusions
PCV-15 and PPSV-23 serotype coverage is generally greater for blood versus respiratory isolates but not for MDR and XDR isolates. Continued pneumococcal surveillance is warranted to determine future trends in vaccine coverage, serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities under the pressure of vaccine use.
Surveillance of Stability Under Different Stress Conditions in Desloratadine and Study of Degradation Kinetics
Authors: Pandey Swati , Pandey Ravindra , Shukla Shiv Shankar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
A stability-indicating method (SIM) stipulates the testing of the drug product and drug substances under the stressed conditions that will imply a clear notion about the stress conditions that would affect the drug in its finished dosage form. Furthermore, manufactures can clearly define the state at which the drug is unstable and present its storage conditions.

Objective
The present article deals with the stability testing and degradation kinetic studies of desloratadine (DL).

Method
The method of analysis was UV visible spectroscopy, which is a most convenient and reliable method for the analyst. A method was developed and validated according to the ICH Q2 guidelines along with the amendment in 2018 (ICH Q14).

Results
The study denotes that the drug is extremely unstable in the presence of dry heat and then follows the oxidative and basic degradations. The acidic, neutral, and photolysis did not show notable degradations.

Conclusions
The chemical kinetic studies were carried out to more clearly understand the mechanism of degradation and to present the order of reaction, rate of reaction, and reaction half-time.

Highlights
The application of a spectrophotometric method in the development of a SIM and study of degradation kinetics is much handier and cost-effective.