bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comic Socrates?
Authors: Diken Bülent , Laustsen Carsten Bagge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the Clouds, Aristophanes apparently ridicules Socratic philosophy as a useless, essentially passive preoccupation, which, “twisted” in the wrong hands, can seriously harm the City. But such an instrumentalist reading of the Clouds (and of philosophy) misses a crucial point regarding the relation between philosophy and comedy. Insofar as philosophy, love of wisdom, is irreducible to wisdom—insofar as, in other words, philosophy is also a matter of taste (a concept which seeks to combine knowledge and pleasure)—the Clouds can be read as an ironic-comic defense of philosophy. To discuss this, the article reads the Clouds in the perspective of free use. This reading makes it possible to articulate two distinct but related senses of perverting philosophy, which are evidenced with material from within the play: the reduction of reason to instrumental reason and/or to state philosophy. To end with, the article discusses the relationship between comedy and philosophy in more general terms.
The development of a digital twin concept system
Authors: Duan Hyman , Gao Su , Yang Xu , Li Yuanlin 
Published: August 2022

Background: Digital twins are gaining ever-increasing attention from academies and industries to standardization bodies all over the world owing to their great capabilities and fundamental values in the coming fourth industrial revolution. However, there is no consistent set of definitions or concept system for the digital twin domain yet. Methods: This paper summarizes the methodology of developing a concept system with integrating ISO standards guidelines and system thinking methods, analyzes the polysemy phenomenon of the term "digital twin", and identifies the necessity to differentiate digital twin entity and digital twin system from the general term “digital twin”. Results: After analyzing nineteen definitions of digital twin (entity) and summarizing ten superordinate concepts from these definitions, this paper proposes that a digital twin entity is a kind of digital asset rather than digital representation. Based on the new superordinate concept and definition of digital twin entity, a systematic digital twin concept system is developed which consists of four parts: top-level ontology and taxonomy of entity, digital twin entity related concepts, digital twin system related concepts, and taxonomy framework related concepts. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the power and effectiveness of the combination of ISO terminology work standards, system thinking methods, and information modeling tools, lays a solid foundation for future concept systems development of other domains, and will provide useful input to the efforts of digital twin standardization.
Assessing the experiences of care of children and young people in mental distress in acute care settings: a survey
Authors: Williams Sophia , Walker Dawn-Marie 
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims To date, literature may not be fully representative of the views of all children and young people experiencing mental ill health concerning their experience of attending an acute care setting with mental distress. Research highlights opinions of children and young people known to community mental health services; however, it is estimated that 65–75% of children and young people experience mental health problems are undiagnosed and untreated ( Care Quality Commission, 2018 ). The aim of this study was to compare experiences of patients presenting to emergency settings both known (group 1) and unknown (group 2) to community mental health services. Methods A survey was distributed to children and young people experiencing mental distress. Survey responses were categorised into two patient groups: participants known to community children and adolescent mental health services and accessing support (group 1) and those not currently known or receiving support from any children and adolescent mental health services (group 2). Responses were categorised into ‘environment rating’, ‘nurse rating’ and overall ‘acute care rating’. Results Disparities were identified between groups 1 and 2. Group 1 had negative acute care ratings, mainly resulting from environmental factors. Both groups reported negatively when nurses spoke to parents or carers instead of the young person themselves. Conclusions Further research is needed into experiences of children and young people not meeting criteria for community mental health support, as there is a data gap. Paediatric nurses must directly communicate with children and young people experiencing mental distress, rather than speaking to parents or carers.
First-time fathers' experiences attending labour and birth: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Dodel Khadijeh , Ozgoli Giti , Mobarakabadi Sedigheh Sedigh , Nasiri Malihe , Pazandeh Farzaneh 
Published: August 2022

Background It is now more common for fathers to participate in labour and childbirth in Iran. As such, it is essential to examine their experiences in order to empower maternal care specialists to meet fathers' and mothers' needs more effectively. This study aimed to examine first-time fathers' experiences attending labour and birth. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 200 first-time fathers in Tehran, Iran. Self-reported data were collected on participants' experiences of labour and birth. Descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results First-time fathers' overall experiences were significantly affected by their partner's education, insurance coverage for hospital charges, pregnancy care provision by an obstetrician-gynaecologist, preparedness for childbirth and whether the childbirth experience fit the father's expectations. Conclusions Counseling programmes based on fathers' needs should be developed to improve their experiences, allay concerns and adjust factors that shape their experiences in order to encourage fathers' participation in labour and birth.
Pregnant women's knowledge of venous thromboembolism in Malaysia
Authors: Fen Lim Suk , Shet Duangta , Zain Norhasmah Mohd , Keng Soon Lean 
Published: August 2022

Background Venous thromboembolism is an acute condition resulting in maternal morbidity and death. Aims This study aimed to assess venous thromboembolism knowledge among pregnant women in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 pregnant women recruited via convenience sampling. Data gathered included demographic characteristics and knowledge of venous thromboembolism. The Fisher exact test examined the association between knowledge and outcome factors. Results Of the 143 pregnant women, 95.8% had low knowledge about venous thromboembolism. A significant association was found between level of knowledge and employment status (P=0.003) and monthly household income (P<0.001). Conclusion The study's participants demonstrated a deficit of knowledge of venous thromboembolism among pregnant women in Malaysia. Healthcare policymakers and maternal health services should put in place policies to improve pregnant women's knowledge of the danger of venous thromboembolism and its associated risk factors.
Plasmonic internal-photoemission-based Si photodetector design suitable for optical communication
Authors: Alihosseini Faramarz , Zali Aref Rasoulzadeh , Pakizeh Tavakol , Zandi Hesam 
Published: August 2022

We propose a high-performance plasmonic photodetector based on the internal photoemission (IPE) process for the C-band communication wavelength. This photodetector takes advantage of an embedded nanohole array in Schottky metal. Owing to localized surface plasmon resonance, the absorption of the active metal layer increases, which results in the generation of more hot carriers and subsequently compensates for the low efficiency of IPE-based photodetectors. Simulations show that for the proposed photodetector with 2-nm-thick Au, Cu, and Ag Schottky contacts, the absorptance dramatically enhances to 95.1%, 93.2%, and 98.2%, respectively, at the wavelength of 1.55 µm. For the detector based on Au, the highest external quantum efficiency of 25.3% and responsivity of 0.32 A/W are achieved at a reverse bias voltage of 1 V. Furthermore, the 3 dB bandwidth can exceed 369 GHz owing to the low capacitance of the structure and the fast transit time of carriers from the thin p-Si layer. Finally, by studying the current–voltage characteristics of the photodetector, it is shown that under the reverse bias voltage of 1 V, the dark current is 665 nA at room temperature, and by reducing the temperature to 200 K, it improves three orders of magnitude and decreases to 810 pA.
Three-dimensional stitching of stereo-deflectometry based on marker points
Authors: Wei Xiaoxiao , Zhang Hao , Zou Tianmei , Wang ZhenLei 
Published: August 2022

As a non-contact and three-dimensional (3D) mirror surface measurement method, stereo-deflectometry has been developing rapidly in recent years. For solving the problem of the measurement of large surface inclination with traditional stereo-deflectometry, 3D stitching of stereo-deflectometry based on marker points is proposed. In this method, the 3D points in the subregions under different perspectives were measured. Meanwhile, the 3D coordinates of the marker points on the sample table, which were calculated by binocular stereo vision, were used for coarse stitching, and the ICP algorithm was used for fine stitching. In order to verify the 3D stitching algorithm, we built a measurement system for the freeform surface of an ultra-short lens with a diameter of about 100 mm and a steepness of 52.6°. The spherical fitting error of the reflective bowl after stitching is within 60 mm. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the method, leading to potential mass application of stereo-deflectometry in 3D measurement of complex optical surfaces with a large aperture and high steepness.
Actively Q switched radially polarized Ho:YAG laser with an intra-cavity laser-written S-waveplate
Authors: Barber Matthew J. , Shardlow Peter C. , Lei Yuhao , Kazansky Peter G. , Andrew Clarkson W. 
Published: August 2022

Nanosecond Q switched pulses and radial polarization are established stand-alone techniques for enhanced laser materials processing applications, but are generally challenging to achieve simultaneously at high average power levels. Here, we demonstrate a 20.6 W radially polarized Ho:YAG rod laser which has been actively Q switched in order to generate

515

μ

J, 210 ns pulses at 2097 nm. By utilizing an ultra-low-loss spatially variant birefringent wave plate (S-waveplate) inside the laser cavity, the linearly polarized fundamental mode has been converted to a radially polarized donut-shaped beam with very high conversion efficiency.
An improved strabismus screening method with combination of meta-learning and image processing under data scarcity
Authors: Huang Xilang , Lee Sang Joon , Kim Chang Zoo , Choi Seon Han 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Considering the scarcity of normal and strabismic images, this study proposed a method that combines a meta-learning approach with image processing methods to improve the classification accuracy when meta-learning alone is used for screening strabismus.

Methods
The meta-learning approach was first pre-trained on a public dataset to obtain a well-generalized embedding network to extract distinctive features of images. On the other hand, the image processing methods were used to extract the position features of eye regions (e.g., iris position, corneal light reflex) as supplementary features to the distinctive features. Afterward, principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of distinctive features for integration with low-dimensional supplementary features. The integrated features were then used to train a support vector machine classifier for performing strabismus screening. Sixty images (30 normal and 30 strabismus) were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and its classification performance was assessed by computing the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity through 5,000 experiments.

Results
The proposed method achieved a classification accuracy of 0.805 with a sensitivity (correct classification of strabismus) of 0.768 and a specificity (correct classification of normal) of 0.842, whereas the classification accuracy of using meta-learning alone was 0.709 with a sensitivity of 0.740 and a specificity of 0.678.

Conclusion
The proposed strabismus screening method achieved promising classification accuracy and gained significant accuracy improvement over using meta-learning alone under data scarcity.
Development and validation of a new prognostic index for mortality risk in multimorbid adults
Authors: Gastens Viktoria , Chiolero Arnaud , Anker Daniela , Schneider Claudio , Feller Martin , Bauer Douglas C. , Rodondi Nicolas , Del Giovane Cinzia 
Published: August 2022

Context
Multimorbidity is highly prevalent among older adults and associated with a high mortality. Prediction of mortality in multimorbid people would be clinically useful but there is no mortality risk index designed for this population. Our objective was therefore to develop and internally validate a 1-year mortality prognostic index for older multimorbid adults.

Methods
We analysed data of the OPERAM cohort study in Bern, Switzerland, including 822 adults aged 70 years or more with multimorbidity (3 or more chronic medical conditions) and polypharmacy (use of 5 drugs or more for >30 days). Time to all-cause mortality was assessed up to 1 year of follow-up. We performed a parametric Weibull regression model with backward stepwise selection to identify mortality risk predictors. The model was internally validated and optimism corrected using bootstrapping techniques. We derived a point-based risk score from the regression coefficients. Calibration and discrimination were assessed by the calibration slope and C statistic.

Results
805 participants were included in the analysis. During 1-year of follow-up, 158 participants (20%) had died. Age, Charlson-Comorbidity-Index, number of drugs, body mass index, number of hospitalizations, Barthel-Index (functional impairment), and nursing home residency were predictors of 1-year mortality in a multivariable model. Using these variables, the 1-year probability of dying could be predicted with an optimism-corrected C statistic of 0.70. The optimism-corrected calibration slope was 0.93. Based on the derived point-based risk score to predict mortality risk, 7% of the patients classified at low-risk of mortality, 19% at moderate-risk, and 37% at high-risk died after one year of follow-up. A simpler mortality score, without the Charlson-Comorbidity-Index and Barthel-Index, showed reduced discriminative power (optimism-corrected C statistic: 0.59) compared to the full score.

Conclusion
We developed and internally validated a mortality risk index including for the first-time specific predictors for multimorbid adults. This new 1-year mortality prediction point-based score allowed to classify multimorbid older patients into three categories of increasing risk of mortality. Further validation of the score among various populations of multimorbid patients is needed before its implementation into practice.
Tolerability and pharmacokinetic evaluation of inhaled dry powder hydroxychloroquine in healthy volunteers
Authors: de Reus Y. A. , Hagedoorn P. , Sturkenboom M. G. G. , Grasmeijer F. , Bolhuis M. S. , Sibum I. , Kerstjens H. A. M. , Frijlink H. W. , Akkerman O. W. 
Published: August 2022

Rationale
Inhaled antimicrobials enable high local concentrations where needed and, compared to orally administration, greatly reduce the potential for systemic side effects. In SARS-CoV-2 infections, hydroxychloroquine sulphate (HCQ) administered as dry powder via inhalation could be safer than oral HCQ allowing higher and therefore more effective pulmonary concentrations without dose limiting toxic effects.

Objectives
To assess the local tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters of HCQ inhalations in single ascending doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg using the Cyclops dry powder inhaler.

Methods
Twelve healthy volunteers were included in the study. Local tolerability and safety were assessed by pulmonary function tests, electrocardiogram and recording adverse events. To estimate systemic exposure, serum samples were collected before and 0.5, 2 and 3.5 h after inhalation.

Results and discussion
Dry powder HCQ inhalations were well tolerated by the participants, except for transient bitter taste in all participants and minor coughing irritation. There was no significant change in QTc-interval or drop in FEV1 post inhalation. The serum HCQ concentration remained below 10 μg/L in all samples.

Conclusion
Single doses of inhaled dry powder HCQ up to 20 mg are safe and well tolerated. Our data support that further studies with inhaled HCQ dry powder to evaluate pulmonary pharmacokinetics and efficacy are warranted.
Employee Performance of Life Insurance Companies:The Mediating Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Suhardi Suhardi , Soelistya Djoko , Setyaningrum Retno Purwani , Aisyah Nur , Nainggolan Nora Pitri 
Published: August 2022

ThisÂ studyÂ aims to determine the impactÂ ofÂ employeeÂ leadershipÂ andÂ teamÂ member exchange through organizational citizenship behaviour on the employee performance ofÂ foreignÂ lifeÂ insurances.Â ThisÂ researchÂ usesÂ theÂ purposiveÂ samplingÂ methodÂ for selection.Â One hundredÂ sixtyÂ respondentsÂ areÂ participatingÂ in theÂ research used to test the model studied. The data is collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed using the SEM AMOS program. This study showed that servant leadership positively affectsÂ organizationalÂ citizenshipÂ behavior,Â teamÂ memberÂ exchange,Â andÂ employee performance. While team member exchange has a positive and significant impact on organizationalÂ citizenshipÂ behavior,Â teamÂ memberÂ exchangeÂ hasÂ aÂ negativeÂ and significant effect on employee performance. Subsequently, organizational citizenship behavior positively and significantly impacts employee performance. The mediating effectÂ indicatedÂ thatÂ teamÂ memberÂ exchangeÂ andÂ servantÂ leadershipÂ influence organizationalÂ citizenshipÂ behaviorÂ andÂ affectÂ employeeÂ performance.Â TheÂ study's resultsÂ implyÂ thatÂ whenÂ employeesÂ performÂ beyondÂ theirÂ jobsÂ (organizational citizenship behavior roles) and engage in team member exchange, they have quality socialÂ communicationÂ withÂ theÂ workgroupÂ members.Â Additionally,Â employeesÂ who work under servant leadership can develop strong personal bonds. Employees with lowÂ levelsÂ ofÂ autonomyÂ inÂ theirÂ workÂ canÂ improveÂ performanceÂ ifÂ mediatedÂ by organizational citizenship behavior.
Compact thermo-mechanical models for the fast simulation of machine tools with nonlinear component behavior
Authors: Vettermann Julia , Steinert Alexander , Brecher Christian , Benner Peter , Saak Jens 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this contribution, advanced modeling of thermo-mechanical effects in machine tools with nonlinear machine components is investigated using the example of a feed axis. Strategies of model order reduction for this coupled thermo-mechanical model with nonlinear subsystem are presented. Numerical investigations of the performance of the resulting reduced-order model compared to the original one conclude this article.
Remarks on some variants of minimal point theorem and Ekeland variational principle with applications
Authors: Meghea Irina , Stamin Cristina Stefania 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents some variants of minimal point theorem together with corresponding variants of Ekeland variational principle. In the second part of this article, there is a discussion on Ekeland variational principle and minimal point theorem relative to it in uniform spaces. The aim of these series of important results is to highlight relations between them, some improvements and specific applications.
Liquid-phase hydrogenation of carbon tetrachloride catalyzed by three-dimensional graphene-supported palladium catalyst
Authors: Xie Zhuoyi , Guo Jianwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, a three-dimensional graphene (3DGN)-supported palladium metal catalyst was prepared by the impregnation method with noble metal palladium as the active component, aiming to synthesize a catalyst with high activity and high selectivity. Its catalytic performance in liquid-phase hydrochlorination of carbon tetrachloride (TTCM) was investigated. The influences of different Pd loadings, reduction temperatures, and reaction temperatures on the catalytic hydrogenation reaction were studied. The purpose is to explore the best operating conditions for the preparation of chloroform. The results show that the 3DGN-supported palladium catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance and high selectivity to chloroform in the hydrogenation of TTCM. When the Pd loading was 1.0 wt%, the reduction temperature was 773 K, and the hydrochlorination reaction temperature was 398 K, the conversion of TTCM was as high as 98.12%, and the selectivity of chloroform was 85.23%. The main by-product is dichloromethane. The selectivity of chloroform is affected by the increasing temperature but remains above 80%.
Automatic monitoring system of power equipment based on Internet of Things technology
Authors: Jiang Xianglong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of the social economy, the power industry is also developing rapidly, the electricity load is increasing, and the power grid structure is becoming increasingly complex, people put forward higher requirements for improving the reliability of power supply, the emergence of Internet of Things technology can meet people’s urgent needs in a timely manner. How to use the advanced Internet of Things technology to realize the automation of power equipment is an inevitable trend in the development of power systems, and it is also the technical driving force for the development of power equipment. Due to the problems of information islanding, simplification, and security in traditional power equipment monitoring systems, this paper studies the automation of power equipment monitoring systems based on the Internet of Things. The experimental results show that the introduction of the Internet of Things technology into the automatic monitoring system of power equipment increases the utilization rate of power equipment by 4.33%. In addition, the safety of power grid operation and the monitoring of power equipment are improved. Once the power equipment is abnormal, it will be detected in time to ensure the continuity of the power supply.
Toward laser-induced tuning of plasmonic response in high aspect ratio gold nanostructures
Authors: Pelaez-Fernandez Mario , Majérus Bruno , Funes-Hernando Daniel , Dufour Romain , Duvail Jean-Luc , Henrard Luc , Arenal Raul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High aspect-ratio gold nanostructures sustain Fabry–Perot-like surface plasmon responses from infrared to visible light energies. We show that some resonances can be tuned by means of laser irradiation, where low energy modes stay unperturbed. After laser irradiation, gold nanowires’ tips are transformed into nanoparticles of various sizes joint to gold nanowires, producing high aspect-ratio half-dumbbells and dumbbells structures. The plasmonic behaviour of both the nanowires and the newly created nanostructures has been characterised by in-depth monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) developed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and state-of-the-art discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations. All these analyses serve as experimental proof of the selective tuning (or robustness) of the plasmonic modes of the nanostructures in a specific spectral range, which is of critical interest regarding applications for sensing devices, nano-sources or nanophotonic waveguide, as well as optical remote control.