bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis by multi‐targeted (mpt64 and IS6110) loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay
Authors: Mor Preeti , Sheoran Abhishek , Dahiya Bhawna , Parshad Sanjeev , Nain Ravi , Khan Anish , Malhotra Parveen , Gulati Pooja , Mehta Promod K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimDiagnosis of abdominal TB is an exigent task due to variable anatomical sites and non‐specific clinical manifestations that closely resemble other diseases. Most of the available diagnostic modalities yield low sensitivities and need expertise to handle the specialized equipment. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and reliable diagnostic test, so as to reduce the unnecessary morbidity. Therefore, we designed a multi‐targeted loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (MT‐LAMP) for diagnosing abdominal TB.MethodsWe evaluated an MT‐LAMP (using mpt64 and IS6110) to diagnose abdominal TB within ascitic fluids and intestinal/peritoneal biopsies and compared these results with multiplex‐PCR (M‐PCR) using the same targets. MT‐LAMP products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and visual detection methods, that is, hydroxy naphthol blue and SYBR Green I reaction.ResultsSensitivities of 80.9% and 84.6% were obtained in suspected (n = 42) and total abdominal TB (n = 52) cases, respectively by gel‐based MT‐LAMP, with 97.3% (n = 37) specificity in non‐TB controls. Notably, sensitivities attained by gel‐based/SYBR Green I MT‐LAMP in both clinically suspected and total abdominal TB cases were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than M‐PCR. Furthermore, sensitivity obtained with SYBR Green I was equivalent to that of gel‐based MT‐LAMP, while somewhat lesser specificity (94.6%) was attained with SYBR Green I, compared with gel‐based MT‐LAMP.ConclusionBoth gel‐based and SYBR Green MT‐LAMP exhibited equivalent sensitivities to diagnose abdominal TB. Because SYBR Green LAMP is easier to perform than a gel‐based assay, we are currently focused on improving the specificity of this assay so as to develop a diagnostic kit.
Quantitative proteomics of tau and Aβ in detergent fractions from Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Dubois Celine , Perez Keyla , Varghese Shiji , Birchall Ian E. , Leckey Miranda , Davydova Natalia , McLean Catriona , Nisbet Rebecca M. , Roberts Blaine R. , Li Qiao‐Xin , Masters Colin L. , Streltsov Victor A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe two hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles marked by phosphorylated tau. Increasing evidence suggests that aggregating Aβ drives tau accumulation, a process that involves synaptic degeneration leading to cognitive impairment. Conversely, there is a realization that non‐fibrillar (oligomeric) forms of Aβ mediate toxicity in AD. Fibrillar (filamentous) aggregates of proteins across the spectrum of the primary and secondary tauopathies were the focus of recent structural studies with a filament structure‐based nosologic classification, but less emphasis was given to non‐filamentous co‐aggregates of insoluble proteins in the fractions derived from post‐mortem human brains. Here, we revisited sarkosyl‐soluble and ‐insoluble extracts to characterize tau and Aβ species by quantitative targeted mass spectrometric proteomics, biochemical assays, and electron microscopy. AD brain sarkosyl‐insoluble pellets were greatly enriched with Aβ42 at almost equimolar levels to N‐terminal truncated microtubule‐binding region (MTBR) isoforms of tau with multiple site‐specific post‐translational modifications (PTMs). MTBR R3 and R4 tau peptides were most abundant in the sarkosyl‐insoluble materials with a 10‐fold higher concentration than N‐terminal tau peptides. This indicates that the major proportion of the enriched tau was the aggregation‐prone N‐terminal and proline‐rich region (PRR) of truncated mixed 4R and 3R tau with more 4R than 3R isoforms. High concentration and occupancies of site‐specific phosphorylation pT181 (~22%) and pT217 (~16%) (key biomarkers of AD) along with other PTMs in the PRR and MTBR indicated a regional susceptibility of PTMs in aggregated tau. Immunogold labelling revealed that tau may exist in globular non‐filamentous form (N‐terminal intact tau) co‐localized with Aβ in the sarkosyl‐insoluble pellets along with tau filaments (N‐truncated MTBR tau). Our results suggest a model that Aβ and tau interact forming globular aggregates, from which filamentous tau and Aβ emerge. These characterizations contribute towards unravelling the sequence of events which lead to end‐stage AD changes.image
Fasting intervention and its clinical effects on the human host and microbiome
Authors: Forslund Sofia K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExperimental trials in organisms ranging from yeast to humans have shown that various forms of reducing food intake (caloric restriction) appear to increase both overall and healthy lifespan, delaying the onset of disease and slowing the progression of biomarkers of aging. The gut microbiota is considered one of the key environmental factors strongly contributing to the regulation of host health. Perturbations in the composition and activity of the gut microbiome are thought to be involved in the emergence of multiple diseases. Indeed, many studies investigating gut microbiota have been performed and have shown strong associations between specific microorganisms and metabolic diseases including overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as specific gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Dietary interventions known to reduce inflammation and improve metabolic health are potentiated by prior fasting. Inversely, birth weight differential host oxidative phosphorylation response to fasting implies epigenetic control of some of its effector pathways. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of fasting in improving insulin signaling and blood glucose control, and in reducing inflammation, conditions for which, additionally, the gut microbiota has been identified as a site of both risk and protective factors. Accordingly, human gut microbiota, both in symbiont and pathobiont roles, have been proposed to impact and mediate some health benefits of fasting and could potentially affect many of these diseases. While results from small‐N studies diverge, fasting consistently enriches widely recognized anti‐inflammatory gut commensals such as Faecalibacterium and other short‐chain fatty acid producers, which likely mediates some of its health effects through immune system and barrier function impact.
Levels and change in autonomous and controlled work motivation in older workers—The role of proximity to retirement and sense of community at work
Authors: Henning Georg , Stenling Andreas , Tafvelin Susanne , Ebener Melanie , Lindwall Magnus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious studies suggest a preretirement disengagement process from work, which includes reduced work motivation. In this study, we investigated changes in autonomous and controlled work motivation over two years among participants of the Health, Aging and Retirement Transition in Sweden (HEARTS) study. We found stability in both types of motivation; however, those who retired after the study period showed more distinct declines in autonomous motivation. A stronger sense of community at work was related to level, but not change in autonomous motivation. Intra‐individual fluctuations in the expected retirement age did not predict work motivation or vice versa. Future studies are needed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of preretirement declines in autonomous work motivation.
For whom and why organizational dehumanization is linked to deviant behaviours
Authors: Stinglhamber Florence , Nguyen Nathan , Ohana Marc , Lagios Constantin , Demoulin Stéphanie , Maurage Pierre 
Published: October 2022

Abstract‘We are humans not robots!’ This protest slogan denounces a working reality in which employees perceive that they are reduced to a mere tool or instrument at the service of the organization. Such an experience refers to organizational dehumanization. Researchers have recently indicated that organizational dehumanization may shape employee work behaviours. However, why, and for whom, organizational dehumanization leads to maladaptive work behaviours remains unclear in this literature. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we first propose that employees who experience organizational dehumanization engage in a reciprocity process by first developing thoughts of revenge that, in turn, materialize into more organizational deviance. We further argue that compliance buffers the indirect effect of organizational dehumanization on deviant behaviours via thoughts of revenge. Overall, the combined results of two experimental studies, a cross‐sectional study and two three‐wave studies provide strong evidence for our hypothesized relationships. Our research suggests that when experiencing organizational dehumanization, compliant employees are less likely to engage in a homeomorphic reciprocity in the exchange relationship with their organization.
Analysis of mental health effects among nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: García‐Vivar Cristina , Rodríguez‐Matesanz Irati , San Martín‐Rodríguez Leticia , Soto‐Ruiz Nelia , Ferraz‐Torres Marta , Escalada‐Hernández Paula 
Published: October 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is Known on the subject?

Working on the frontline during the pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of health professionals. A significant proportion experienced anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress or depression.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Analysis and synthesis of the evidence of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses based on their work context. There exists a gap in the literature as no studies were found that analysed the effects on nurses' mental health according to the level of care they worked in (hospital–primary care–nursing home).

What are the implications for practice?

There is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact of COVID‐19 on the physical and mental well‐being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions.

AbstractIntroductionHealth professionals have suffered negative consequences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. No review has specifically addressed the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of nurses exclusively according to the work context.AimTo analyse the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses who have worked in hospitals, primary care centres and social health centres.MethodPubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases were searched (Prospero number: CRD42021249513). Out of 706 papers, 31 studies (2020–2021) were included in the systematic review. A qualitative synthesis method was used to analyse the data.ResultsMost studies were conducted in hospitals or frontline settings. The prevalence of moderate‐to‐severe symptoms was for anxiety 29.55%, depression 38.79%, posttraumatic stress disorder 29.8%, and insomnia 40.66%.DiscussionThis review highlights the mental health effects among nurses working in acute hospital settings. It also evidences a data gap on mental health effects among nurses working in primary health care and in nursing homes.Implications for practiceIn the post phase of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact on the mental well‐being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses’ working conditions.
Phenotypic traits evolution and morphological traits associated with echolocation calls in cryptic horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae)
Authors: Chornelia Ada , Hughes Alice C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBats provide an excellent casestudy for studying evolution due to their remarkable flight and echolocation capabilities. In this study, we sought to understand the phenotypic evolution of key traits in Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats) using phylogenetic comparative methods. We aimed to test the phylogenetic signals of traits, and evaluated the best‐fit evolutionary models given the data for each trait considering different traits may evolve under different models (i.e., Brownian Motion [BM], Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck [OU], and Early Burst [EB]) and reconstruct ancestral character states. We examined how phenotypic characters are associated with echolocation calls and minimum detectable prey size. We measured 34 traits of 10 Asian rhinolophids species (187 individuals). We found that the majority of traits showed a high phylogenetic signal based on Blomberg′s K and Pagel′s λ, but each trait may evolve under different evolutionary models. Sella traits were shown to evolve under stabilizing selection based on OU models, indicating sella traits have the tendency to move forward along the branches toward some medial value in equilibrium. Our findings highlight the importance of sella characters in association with echolocation call emissions in Rhinolophidae, as calls are important for spatial cognition and also influence dietary preferences. Minimum detectable prey size in Rhinolophidae was associated with call frequency, bandwidth, call duration, wingspan, and wing surface area. Ultimately, understanding trait evolution requires sensitivity due to the differential selective pressures which may apply to different characteristics.
A conservative foreign policy for Brazil
Authors: Herz Monica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we put forward an interpretation of Jair Bolsonaro's foreign policy based on its attachment to a conservative authoritarian worldview. We look at how a conservative authoritarian movement and leadership interact with foreign policy in three different ways—by redefining the place of foreign policy in the wider social and political project of the government; by redesigning how the government prioritizes international relations with different countries; and, most importantly, by alienating the country's foreign policy from its longstanding support for multilateral institutions.
Impact of COVID‐19 on Children's Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomology, Daily Life, and Problem Behavior During Virtual Learning
Authors: Pickren Sage E. , Harriott Emily M. , Huerta Natalie B. , Cutting Laurie E. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTTo explore the impact of COVID‐19 on daily life and problem behavior during virtual learning, we created and administered a survey to 64 school‐aged children (in 2019, M = 9.84 years; SD = 0.55 years). Results indicated significant increases in hyperactivity (t = −2.259; p = .027) and inattention (t = −2.811; p = .007) from 2019 to 2020. Decreases in sleep were associated with increases in hyperactivity (B = −0.27; p = .04); increases in time exercising were associated with smaller increases in inattention (B = −0.34, p = .01); and higher levels of parent stress, specifically related to virtual learning, were associated with increases in child inattention (B = 0.57, p = .01). Furthermore, hyperactivity predicted problem behavior during virtual learning (B = 0.31, p = .03).
Defining the scope for altering rice leaf anatomy to improve photosynthesis: a modelling approach
Authors: Xiao Yi , Sloan Jen , Hepworth Chris , Fradera‐Soler Marc , Mathers Andrew , Thorley Rachel , Baillie Alice , Jones Hannah , Chang Tiangen , Chen Xingyuan , Yaapar Nazmin , Osborne Colin P. , Sturrock Craig , Mooney Sacha J. , Fleming Andrew J. , Zhu Xin‐Guang 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Leaf structure plays an important role in photosynthesis. However, the causal relationship and the quantitative importance of any single structural parameter to the overall photosynthetic performance of a leaf remains open to debate. In this paper, we report on a mechanistic model, eLeaf, which successfully captures rice leaf photosynthetic performance under varying environmental conditions of light and CO2.
We developed a 3D reaction‐diffusion model for leaf photosynthesis parameterised using a range of imaging data and biochemical measurements from plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 and then interrogated the model to quantify the importance of these elements.
The model successfully captured leaf‐level photosynthetic performance in rice. Photosynthetic metabolism underpinned the majority of the increased carbon assimilation rate observed under elevated CO2 levels, with a range of structural elements making positive and negative contributions. Mesophyll porosity could be varied without any major outcome on photosynthetic performance, providing a theoretical underpinning for experimental data.
eLeaf allows quantitative analysis of the influence of morphological and biochemical properties on leaf photosynthesis. The analysis highlights a degree of leaf structural plasticity with respect to photosynthesis of significance in the context of attempts to improve crop photosynthesis.
Evidence for phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution in plant–water relation traits
Authors: Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis , Winter Klaus , Goldsmith Gregory R. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryEvolutionary relationships are likely to play a significant role in shaping plant physiological and structural traits observed in contemporary taxa. We review research on phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution in plant–water relation traits, which play important roles in allowing plants to acquire, use, and conserve water. We found more evidence for a phylogenetic signal in structural traits (e.g. stomatal length and stomatal density) than in physiological traits (e.g. stomatal conductance and water potential at turgor loss). Although water potential at turgor loss is the most‐studied plant–water relation trait in an evolutionary context, it is the only trait consistently found to not have a phylogenetic signal. Correlated evolution was common among traits related to water movement efficiency and hydraulic safety in both leaves and stems. We conclude that evidence for phylogenetic signal varies depending on: the methodology used for its determination, that is, model‐based approaches to determine phylogenetic signal such as Blomberg's K or Pagel's λ vs statistical approaches such as ANOVAs with taxonomic classification as a factor; on the number of taxa studied (size of the phylogeny); and the setting in which plants grow (field vs common garden). More explicitly and consistently considering the role of evolutionary relationships in shaping plant ecophysiology could improve our understanding of how traits compare among species, how traits are coordinated with one another, and how traits vary with the environment.
Streptococcus mutans dexA affects exopolysaccharides production and biofilm homeostasis
Authors: Yan Yang , Hailun He , Fenghui Yang , Pingting Liu , Lei Lei , Zhili Zhao , Tao Hu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the role of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) dexA gene on biofilm structure and microecological distribution in multispecies biofilms.Materials and MethodsA multispecies biofilm model consisting of S. mutans and its dexA mutants, Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was constructed, and bacterial growth, biofilm architecture and microbiota composition were determined to study the effect of the S. mutans dexA on multispecies biofilms.ResultsOur results showed that either deletion or overexpression of S. mutans dexA had no effect on the planktonic growth of bacterium, while S. mutans dominated in the multispecies biofilms to form cariogenic biofilms. Furthermore, we revealed that the SmudexA+ group showed structural abnormality in the form of more fractures and blank areas. The morphology of the SmudexA group was sparser and more porous, with reduced and less agglomerated exopolysaccharides scaffold. Interestingly, the microbiota composition analysis provided new insights that the inhibition of S. gordonii and S. sanguinis was alleviated in the SmudexA group compared to the significantly suppressed condition in the other groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, deletion of S. mutans dexA gene re‐modules biofilm structure and microbiota composition, thereby leading to decreased cariogenicity. Thus, the S. mutans dexA may be an important target for regulating the cariogenicity of dental plaque biofilms, expecting to be a probiotic for caries control.
Development and validation of a ‘MyLyt’ wearable light tracking device
Authors: Dhakal Rohit , Rudrapankte Jagadesh Rao , Chittajallu Harsha S. N. S. , Lawrenson John G. , Huntjens Byki , Shah Rakhee , Verkicharla Pavan K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeWe developed a clip‐on light tracker (MyLyt) for estimating light exposure in real time. This study aimed at validating and investigating the feasibility of using MyLyt in children and adults.MethodThe study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved validation against a factory‐calibrated digital lux meter in three separate conditions: controlled environmental set‐up, outdoors and indoors where intra‐test (two measurements by the same tracker), inter‐test (measurements among trackers) and inter‐device (MyLyt tracker and lux meter) validations were conducted. Phase 2 involved a feasibility study where MyLyt was used in a real‐world setting by 21 adults and 8 children. Participants were asked to log their real‐time movements in an ‘activity diary’, which were correlated with the lux levels measured by the tracker.ResultsA strong positive correlation and non‐significant difference in the recorded mean illuminance levels were observed during intra‐test (inter‐class correlation: 1.00, p = 0.99), inter‐test (0.91–1.00, p > 0.15) and inter‐device (0.91–1.00, p > 0.56) validation in all three testing conditions (p > 0.49), except the indoor location. While the lux level measured by MyLyt was significantly higher than that of the lux meter (p < 0.01) in the indoor locations, differences were minimal and clinically insignificant. A Bland–Altman plot showed a minimal mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between the MyLyt tracker and lux meter in all three conditions (controlled environmental set‐up: 641 [−949, 2230], outdoor: 74 [−2772, 2920] and indoor: −35 [−151, 80] lux). Phase 2 validation showed an expected illuminance level against the corresponding location with high sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (99%) to accurately differentiate between outdoor and indoor locations.ConclusionThe MyLyt tracker showed good repeatability, strong correlation and comparable values with the lux meter in the three tested conditions, making it suitable for tracking light exposure patterns for both research and clinical purposes.