bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Ursodeoxycholic acid crosses the blood brain barrier in patients with retinal detachment and protects against retinal degeneration in an ex vivo model
Authors: Daruich‐Matet Alejandra , Jaworski Thara , Henry Hugues , Zola Marta , Youale Jenny , Parenti Léa , Naud Marie‐Christine , Delaunay Kimberley , Bertrand Mathilde , Berdugo Marianne , Kowalczuk Laura , Boatright Jeffrey , Picard Emilie , Behar‐Cohen francine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe neuroprotective properties of hydrophilic bile acids are recognized but whether their oral administration can benefit to patients with retinal diseases is unknown. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) is a threatening visual condition and a human disease model for retinal degenerations. Despite surgical reattachment, vision does not fully recover, due to subretinal fluid (SFR) and photoreceptor cell death, through mechanisms that recapitulate those of retinal degenerative diseases. We have measured the ocular concentration of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administered orally to patients with RD. We then tested the effects and mechanisms of UDCA, at concentrations found in patient’s eyes, in RD models. Finally, we analyzed the neuroprotective effects of ocular fluids from treated patients.Methods26 patients with RD were included. 21 patients received UDCA before surgery. Ocular fluids samples were collected and bile acids were measured. Rat retinal explants and WERI‐Rb‐1 human cone cell line were exposed to albumin or patient’s SRF ± UDCA. Cell death markers and transcriptome were analyzed.ResultsUDCA was detected in ocular media after oral administration and its level correlated with protein concentration in SRF and extension of RD. At 6 months after surgery, visual recovery was superior in patients who had higher UDCA ocular levels.UDCA levels measured in human ocular media, protected photoreceptors from apoptosis and necrosis in rats retinal explants exposed to albumin and UDCA protected WERI‐Rb‐1 cells from albumin‐induced death. Cell death was reduced in retinal explants exposed to SRF collected from UDCA‐treated patients as compared to SRF from controls. UDCA effects resulted from the up‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic, anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory genes.ConclusionsOral UDCA reaches neuroprotective concentrations in patients with RD, showing its potential as an adjuvant to surgery but also in other retinal degenerative diseases.
Choroidal hyperreflective nodules detected by infrared reflectance images as a new diagnostic criterion for Neurofibromatosis ‐1
Authors: Orejudo deRivas Marta , Mateo Gabas Javier , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Díaz‐Barreda Mª Dolores , Cisneros Pablo , Núñez Moscarda Eva Josefina , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Pérez Rivasés Guillermo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the possibility of including the presence of choroidal abnormalities detected by infrared reflectance as a new diagnostic criterion for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in 24 eyes of 12 patients diagnosed with NF1 using the criteria of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A group of 12 healthy individuals of equivalent age and sex served as control. The presence and number of visualized choroidal abnormalities were evaluated by Heidelberg optical coherence tomography (OCT) with infrared reflectance (NIR) as well as the presence of iridian Lisch nodules by slit lamp examination.ResultsNIR by OCT shows the presence of choroidal hyperreflective nodules in all the patients diagnosed with NF1, while these choroidal abnormalities are not observed in any control. This finding is more frequent than the presence of iridian Lisch nodules.ConclusionsHyperreflective nodules detected by NIR appear more frequently than Lisch nodules in NF1. The study suggests that it could be considered as a new diagnostic criterion for NF1.
Identification of eleven differentially expressed proteins in the tear film of patients with neovascular Age‐related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Authors: Winiarczyk Mateusz , Winiarczyk Dagmara , Michalak Katarzyna , Kaarniranta Kai , Adaszek Łukasz , Winiarczyk Stanisław , Mackiewicz Jerzy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe exact mechanisms underlying the age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) are still not totally understood, but processes like inflammation, chronic oxidative stress (OS), and autophagy impairment, are currently believed to have strong influence of the disease development. There are multiple studies concerning changes of the proteome in different tissues in the course of AMD. As they all need invasive procedures to obtain a sample, we sought for a non‐invasive approach. Tear film can be a potential candidte for proteomic information regarding AMD.MethodsTear film was collected on Schirmer strips, 2D‐electrophoresis was performed, and Delta2D software was used for the identification of the differentially expressed proteins from the gels. The spots were excised, and identified by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometer.Results30 patients were examined, 15 for each group. We have found 469 proteins in the analyzed samples, 11 differentiating proteins fulfilled the criteria of being statistically significant. 3 proteins were up‐regulated (Retinal dehydrogenase 1; ATP‐dependent translocase ABCB1; and alpha‐Enolase), and 8 were down‐regulated (Annexin A1; Annexin A4; Glutathione S‐transferase P; Aldo‐ketoreductase family 1 member A1; Allograft inflammatory factor 1; Cytospin‐A or Elongation factor 2; Short stature homeobox protein 2 and uncharacterized protein C11orf98).ConclusionsTear film can be used as a non‐invasively obtained source of proteomic information about cellular processes ongoing in the course of AMD. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in the choroidal neovascularization, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy impairment.
Effect of protein homeostasis modulation in primary cone degeneration
Authors: Almansa García Ana Cristina , Cao Bowen , Sen Merve , Bolz Sylvia , Arango‐Gonzalez Blanca , Ueffing Marius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeDegenerative cone disorders are an important group of inherited retinal degenerations as they severely disable visual acuity and color vision, causing a major impact on the quality of life of affected patients. These disorders are commonly classified as cone dystrophies and achromatopsia. The cone photoreceptor function loss‐1 (cpfl1) mutant mouse is a model for primary cone degeneration and shares a similar phenotype to patients with complete achromatopsia. Cpfl1 mutation affects the cone‐specific PDE6 gene, leading to a cGMP accumulation, increased Ca+ influx, and cell death. Moreover, M‐, S‐opsin and cone‐specific transducin mislocalization to the cell body have been reported (Trifunovic et al., 2016). Previously, the inhibition of valosin‐containing protein (VCP, an ATPase involved in the (ERAD)) has proven to be protective in different models of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa restoring protein trafficking (Arango‐Gonzalez et al., 2020; Sen et al., 2021). This study aims to assess whether VCP inhibition can also be protective against cone photoreceptor cell death in a cpfl1 retinal organotypic culture system.MethodsCpfl1 retinal explants were maintained in serum‐free conditions and treated with two VCP inhibitors, ML240 and NMS‐873, from PN14 until PN24 (peak of cone degeneration). Photoreceptor cell survival, cone morphology, and opsin expression were evaluated by TUNEL staining, cell row quantification, and immunostaining.ResultsVCP inhibition resulted in an increased number of cell rows in the ONL of the treated explants compared with the control groups. The treated retinas also showed an improved cone morphology and a significant restoration of cone density up to levels similar to those observed in the wild type.ConclusionsOur results suggest that modulation of protein homeostasis through VCP inhibition is protective in primary cone degeneration.
The role of the macular interface in the diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity on the «Key to Diagnosis I » platform
Authors: Pererva Oxana , Kovalevskaya Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo minimize the risk of medical error in the diagnosis and choice of treatment of ROP by improving the quality and analysis of modeled wide‐field images on the Key to Diagnosis I platform.Methods1278 RetCam images of ROP 272(544 eyes) were divided into 5 groups 1‐I stage 152(304 eyes), 2‐II stage 45(90 eyes), 3‐III stage 8(12 eyes), 4‐posterior aggressive ROP 7(14 eyes), 5‐retinal immaturity 60(120 eyes); A standard clinical examination, analysis of wide‐field retinal images, macula localization and traction index of the macular region (Tm) calculation were performed. Tm is a leght‐to‐width attitude of ellipse goes through the center of optic nerve head and arcades.ResultsPlatform modules have been developed for automatic modeling of wide‐field retinal images and localization of the macula, which is a reference point for centering wide‐field images and assessing the extent of pathological changes. In the ROP group, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the values of Tm, 1A‐0.8 ± 0.03, 1B‐0.75 ± 0.04, 1B‐0.74 ± 0.13, 1D‐0.99 ± 0.01, 1D‐0.91 ± 0.09.DiscussionThe macular area can be described by ellipse, which form correlate with refraction [1]. The influence of the traction component on the macular zone connected with decrease in refractive pathology in the treatment Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor [2].ConclusionsAt ROP Tm reflects the severity of traction processes at the retina periphery and marks the severity of pathology in case of diagnostic defects. The macula localization determines the stable points: the optic nerve disc physiological excavation center, temporal arcades and the macula circumference for photogrammetry of 3D eye model.

Hill D. Retinal characteristics of myopic eyes in a semi‐rural UK population. Diss. Aston University, 2019.
Sankar M. J., Sankar J., Chandra P. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; 1.
Support vector machine assisted morphological characterisation of retinal microglia in mice modelled with multiple sclerosis and age‐matched controls
Authors: Choi Soyoung , Hill Daniel , Luong Vy , Guo Li , Francesca Cordeiro Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeRetinal thinning is a pathological feature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The retina is an optically visible part of the central nervous system which, like the brain, contain microglia. Microglia are the resident immune cells which may dynamically move between the ramified, hyper‐ramified, activated, rod and amoeboid morphotypes, in response to normal aging or disease. This study sought to establish the differences in total and individual microglia morphotype densities between MS mice, induced by cuprizone (CPZ) treatment, and age‐matched controls (Ctrl).MethodsC57 mice were fed either standard chow for the Ctrl or chow mixed with 0.2%w/w CPZ for the MS‐model, for 4 months (4 m) until their sacrifice at 6 m or 28 m. All animals were enucleated, retinas were dissected which were then immunostained for microglia using iba‐1, flat mounted and imaged. Image processing, cell counting and morphotyping algorithms, consisting of support vector machines (SVM), were developed. The data were analysed non‐parametrically (n: 6mCPZ = 7; 6mCtrl = 15; 28mCPZ = 10; 28mCtrl = 7).ResultsThe SVM‐C had performance accuracies of 87.9–100% with AUC 0.99–1.00 for each morphotype. Although no significant difference of total retinal microglia density between each experimental group, old MS mice (28mCPZ) had more ramified (p < 0.05) and amoeboid (ns) cells in comparison to young MS mice (6mCPZ) and old Ctrl mice (28mCtrl). Young mice (6mCPZ and 6mCtrl) had significantly more rod microglia (p < 0.01) in comparison to old mice (28mCPZ and 28mCtrl). 28mCPZ had significantly fewer activated, hyper‐ramified and rod cells (p < 0.05) compared to 28mCtrl whilst the 6mCPZ and 6mCtrl had no significant differences.ConclusionsA lack of total retinal microglia density differences and distinctive morphotype density differences suggest that cells may shift between morphotypes rather than by cell proliferation. The trends of ramified and amoeboid microglia may suggest increased surveillance and phagocytosis of cell debris with aging and CPZ treatment. However, these functional characteristics were not investigated in this study.
Cardiovascular risk assessment tools in Asia
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Miao Huanhuan , Chia Yook‐Chin , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Siddique Saulat , Shin Jinho , Turana Yuda , Park Sungha , Tsoi Kelvin , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Li Yan , Minh Huynh Van , Nagai Michiaki , Nailes Jennifer , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Verma Narsingh , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi , Wang Jiguang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming the most important burden to health care systems in most part of the world, especially in Asia. Aiming at identifying high risk individuals and tailoring preventive treatment, many cardiovascular risk assessment tools have been established and most of them were developed in Western countries. However, these cardiovascular risk assessment tools cannot be used interchangeably without recalibration because of the different risk factor profiles (ie, greater absolute burden of hypertension and lower level of total‐cholesterol in Asians and higher prevalence of metabolic disorders in South Asians) and different CVD profiles (higher ratio of stroke/coronary heart disease in Asians) between Western and Asian populations. Original risk models such as Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China‐PAR) and Japan Arteriosclerosis Longitudinal Study (JALS) score have been developed and well validated for specific countries, while most of countries/regions in Asia are using established models. Due to higher incidence of stroke in Asians, risk factors like hypertension should weigh more in cardiovascular risk assessment comparing with Western populations, but their actual proportions should be based on CVD profiles in specific countries/regions. The authors encourage the development of new cardiovascular risk assessment tools for Asians, if possible. Still, modifying established models with native epidemiological data of risk factor as well as CVD is acceptable in regions where health care resources are insufficient.
First detection of biofluorescence in a deep‐sea anglerfish
Authors: Ludt William B. , Clardy Todd R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiofluorescence has been observed in a variety of fishes, but is rare in deep‐sea environments where light from the surface cannot reach. Here, we document biofluorescence in an oceanic anglerfish, the Pacific footballfish. Green biofluorescence was observed in small spots on the distal surface of the esca. While the wavelength of bioluminescent light is unknown for this species, it is possible that light produced by this species also results in biofluorescent emission that may create a more complex lure for attracting prey or mates.
The therapeutic effects in patients with rosacea: how do we evaluate them?
Authors: Zhao Shasha , Wang Meng , Zhou Yuan , Yan Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common, chronic skin disorder with negative impacts on physical health and social function. The response to therapy plays a critical factor in determining the duration of treatment and developing new medicines. However, it is challenging to assess the efficacy due to its complicated clinical characteristics and nonspecific histopathological findings.AimsThis study aims to review the efficacy evaluation tools for rosacea.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases for articles on efficacy evaluation methods for rosacea from 1995 to 2021.ResultsIn clinical practice and scientific research, various methods are available for assessing the curative effect. Evaluation tools based on phenotypes are the most commonly used because they are cheap and straightforward. Various questionnaires also exist to evaluate health‐related quality of life. However, the inevitable subjectivity makes it challenging to compare the curative effect among different studies. By contrast, objective assessment tools are more precise and repeatable, such as consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies, computer‐aided image analysis, and biophysical parameter assessments.ConclusionNo single assessment method could balance convenience and accuracy. For improving outcomes and facilitating academic exchanges, a well‐validated gold standard evaluation tool is still needed. This review provides an overview of the existing efficacy evaluation methods for rosacea and discusses the relevant details.
Comparison of 10 versus 20 sessions tap water iontophoresis efficacy in the treatment of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Vural Ayşe Tunçer , Özcan Deren , Güleç A. Tülin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTap water iontophoresis (TWI) is an effective treatment option for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis (HH). However, the optimal number and frequency of TWI sessions to control profuse sweating are unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of 10 and 20 sessions of TWI in patients with palmoplantar HH and determine the adequate number of sessions to achieve a favorable clinical response.MethodsEighty patients treated with TWI for palmoplantar HH were included. The alteration in sweating intensity considering the mean value of gravimetric measurement and mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores after the 10th and 20th session of TWI were calculated. The difference between performing 10 and 20 sessions of TWI in providing improvement of HH was analyzed. We also conducted a telephone‐based inquiry to determine the patients’ outcome.ResultsThe reduction in sweating intensity was significant both after the 10th (p < 0.001) and 20th (p < 0.001) sessions when compared with the basal level considering gravimetry and VAS. When the mean sweating intensity after the 10th and 20th sessions were compared, no difference was observed gravimetrically (p = 0.03); the difference between the mean score of VAS after the 10th and 20th sessions (p < 0.001) was significant. Eleven and nine patients not considering a maintenance or an alternative treatment had lower and same sweating intensity as compared with the baseline, respectively.ConclusionTen TWI sessions within two weeks for managing palmoplantar HH are adequate to achieve a clinical response. However, the patients are more satisfied when they receive 20 sessions instead of 10 sessions of TWI.
Association between self‐efficacy and self‐management behaviours among individuals at high risk for stroke: Social support acting as a mediator
Authors: Liu Qinqin , Jin Yaru , Wang Ying , Feng Jingjun , Qiao Xiaoxia , Ji Lili , Si Huaxin , Bian Yanhui , Wang Wenyu , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Cuili 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the association between self‐efficacy and self‐management by modelling three types of social support as mediators among stroke high‐risk populations.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy and social support (i.e. objective support, subjective support and support utilisation) are important for self‐management among stroke high‐risk populations. Self‐efficacy activates three types of social support, and the effect of social support on self‐management varies by types among chronic patients. Therefore, social support may act as a mediator between self‐efficacy and self‐management, and the mediating role may vary by types of social support. Disentangling the role of these different types of social support can guide tailored interventions.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted among 448 Chinese adults at high risk for stroke. Self‐efficacy, self‐management and social support were assessed using the Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Stroke Self‐management Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale respectively. The PROCESS SPSS Macro version 3.3, model 4 was used to explore the mediating role of different types of social support in the relationship between self‐efficacy and self‐management. This study followed STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies (Appendix S1).ResultsSelf‐efficacy improved three types of social support, and subjective support and support utilisation promoted self‐management, but objective support hindered self‐management. The specific indirect effect of objective support and subjective support was significant but not that of support utilisation. Objective support, subjective support and support utilisation attenuated the total effect of self‐efficacy on self‐management by −23.8%, 23.8% and 7.7% respectively.ConclusionsMediating effect of social support in the relationship between self‐efficacy and self‐management varies by type, and the positive effect of subjective support is offset by the detrimental effect of objective support.Relevance to clinical practiceAmong stroke high‐risk populations, interventions should target objective support and subjective support as well as self‐efficacy to efficiently improve their self‐management.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1: Are its roles as endogenous hormone and therapeutic wizard congruent?
Authors: Holst Jens J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is a peptide derived from differential processing of the precursor for the hormone glucagon. It is secreted predominantly by endocrine cells in the gut epithelium in response to nutrient stimulation. Studies from the last 35 years have given us an idea about its physiological functions. On the basis of some of its many actions, it has also been developed into a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It is currently positioned as the most effective anti‐obesity agent available and is recommended in both national and international guidelines as an effective second‐in line treatment for T2DM, in particular in patients with increased cardiovascular risk. In this review, I first discuss whether the processing of proglucagon may also result in GLP‐1 formation in the pancreas and in glucagon in the gut. Next, I discuss the relationship between the physiological actions of GLP‐1 and the therapeutic effects of the GLP‐1 receptor agonists, which are far from being congruent and generally poorly understood. These relationships illustrate both the difficulties and the benefits of bridging results obtained in the laboratory with those emerging from the clinic.