bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritage Tourism Development: A Case Study of Cape Coast Castle and Bonwire Town – Ghana
Authors: Boakye Godfred Osei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rate of heritage growth in a country is determined by the type of heritage tourism the country develops. The case study focuses on a specialised form of heritage that promotes rapid heritage tourism growth. It argues that diaspora tourism is the future of heritage tourism development in Ghana. Specifically, the need for Ghana to take advantage of diaspora tourism as an opportunity to develop its heritage tourism sector. Two case studies at Cape Coast Castle (CCC) and Bonwire Kente Town (BKT) are presented to disclose the opportunities and flaws of ‘genealogy tourism’ in Ghana, as well as why the government should embrace it. With the view to understanding the main reasons why the Ghanaian government should pursue diaspora tourism, the study has investigated its capabilities to increase awareness of the socio-cultural, historical, economic and community development that can manifest from a proper development, operation, and management of diaspora tourism. The study recommends that the government should take more advantage of its heritage assets to develop diaspora tourism in order to fuel national heritage protection, cultural conservation, local community developments and economic growth of the country.
How Depression And Sleep Quality Are Associated With State-Trait Anxiety In Medical School Undergraduates In Anhui Province, China: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Chen Jiangyun , Tuersun Yusupujiang , Yang Jiao , Xiong Man , Wang Yueying , Rao Xinyi , Jiang Shuai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the relationship between depression and sleep quality and state-trait anxiety among undergraduate students in medical colleges and universities in Anhui Province, to enhance the attention to the mental health of undergraduate students in medical colleges and universities, and to provide a basis for mental health intervention strategies for undergraduate students in medical colleges and universities. Methods: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Depression Self-Rating Scale were used to investigate 1300 college students in four medical undergraduate colleges and universities in Anhui Province. Results: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was (5.87+2.944), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was (84.10+17.276), and the Depression Self-Rating Scale score was (49.04+10.845). Depression status and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were positively correlated (r=0.381, p<0.001), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and State-Trait Anxiety were positively correlated (r=0.428, p<0.001). Conclusions: Taking four undergraduate medical colleges and universities in Anhui Province as an example, sleep quality of college students in medical colleges and universities was positively correlated with depressive state, sleep quality and state-trait anxiety were positively correlated, and sleep quality was influencing depressive state through state-trait anxiety.
Response to Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients at National Oncology Center, Aden, Yemen, 2017-2020: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aldaeri Magdi , Hamid Gamal Abdul , Amad Mohammed Al , Ghaleb Yasser 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Rituximab is currently approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory indolent lymphomas, which was added to the protocol in Yemen although it was highly costly. The study aimed to determine the long-term response of rituximab on Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the National Oncology Center (NOC) in Aden by review of medical registries for NHL patients from 2017-2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from patients’ files by a well-trained team. SPSS version 23 was used for the analysis of data, and Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to measure overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between two groups CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) and rituximab-CHOP group in two follow up periods (12-months and 4-years). Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between the risk factors. A P-value of < 0.05 at a confidence interval of 95% is considered statistically significant. Results: Of 100 patients, 50 for each group of CHOP and R-CHOP. The under 60 years represented 70%. Advanced Stage represented 64% and diffuse large B cell lymphoma represented 47% of all subtypes of NHL. Significant association difference in OS in two periods of follow-up (12-month and 4-years) for CHOP vs. R-CHOP was 63% vs. 86%, and 10% vs. 33%, respectively (P=0.01 and P=0.04). In contrast, the difference was non-statically significant in the PFS in two periods 39% vs. 66%, and 12% vs. 27% for CHOP vs. R-CHOP, respectively (P=0.10 and P=0.31). The age group > 60 years, ≥ 6 cycles of chemotherapy received, abnormality of LDH, and married patients were the significantly hazard proportion that was associated with poor prognostic factors (P= 0.009, 0.001,0.010, and 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: The addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy had a statistical difference in overall survival and there is no difference in PFS. Elderly, married patients, more than 6 cycles of chemotherapy received, and abnormality of LDH were the most important prognostic factors. Therefore, providing the oncology center with Rituximab for ongoing use of NHL patients especially those under 60 years, further assessment for hospital-related risk factors that lead to decreased survival are recommended.
Foreign Doctorate Students in Europe
Authors: Laureti Lucio , Costantiello Alberto , Matarrese Marco Maria , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The determinants of the presence of “Foreign Doctorate Students” among 36 European Countries for the period 2010-2019 are analyzed in this article. Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Random Effects, WLS, Pooled OLS, and Dynamic Panel are used to investigate the data. We found that the presence of Foreign Doctorate Students is positively associated to “Attractive Research Systems”, “Finance and Support”, “Rule of Law”, “Sales Impacts”, “New Doctorate Graduates”, “Basic School Entrepreneurial Education and Training”, “Tertiary Education” and negatively associated to “Innovative Sales Share”, “Innovation Friendly Environment”, “Linkages”, “Trademark Applications”, “Government Procurement of Advanced Technology Products”, “R&D Expenditure Public Sectors”. A cluster analysis was then carried out through the application of the unsupervised k-Means algorithm optimized using the Silhouette coefficient with the identification of 5 clusters. Finally, eight different machine learning algorithms were used to predict the value of the "Foreign Doctorate Students" variable. The results show that the best predictor algorithm is the "Tree Ensemble Regression" with a predicted value growing at a rate of 114.03%.
Synthesis Of Alkoxy-Isoflavones As Potential α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Aguila-Muñoz Dolores G. , Cervantes-Espinoza Elizabeth , Escalante Carlos H. , Gutiérrez Rsuini U. , Cruz-López María C. , Jiménez-Montejo Fabiola E. , Villa-Ruano Nemesio , Gómez-García Omar , Tamariz Joaquín , Mendieta-Moctezuma Aarón 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to synthesize isoflavone-enaminones 3a-c and 7-alkoxy-isoflavones 4a-c, evaluate their inhibition of a-glucosidase, and analyze the bioisosteric effect of the presence versus absence of aromatic moieties in these benzopyran derivatives. All the test compounds exhibited a greater inhibition of a-glucosidase than the positive control acarbose. The series of isoflavones 3a-c and 4a-c showed a higher inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.3 - 87.6 µM) than the parental 7-hydroxyisoflavones 2a-c (IC50 = 109.4 - 173.2 µM), suggesting that the attachment of a 4’-chloroacetophenone moiety to the 7-hydroxyl group of 2a-c is an efficient way to increase the inhibition of a-glucosidase. Furthermore, the aromatic moieties of the series of compounds 3 and 4 enhance the inhibitory activity by hydrophobic effects according to docking calculations.
Risk factors for nasal polyps, a case-control study
Authors: Shoaib Salwan , Yaghi Ameer , Kahal Fares , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Nasal polyposis is considered one of the most common diseases that cause obstruction of the respiratory tract and impede the patient's quality of life.
Aims
The aim is to determine if smoking and body mass index are risk factors for hyperplastic nasal polyps in patients with chronic obstructive rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, and thus conducting early diagnostic investigations to detect the disease early and limit its development.
Methods
A cross-sectional case control study was conducted that includes patients who came to Damascus Hospital with complaints of chronic obstruction of the nose and chronic allergies that doesn’t respond to conventional treatments and who met the entry criteria and patients from ENT Division without symptoms of obstructive respiratory tracts .
Results
120 patients were included in the study and were distributed as follows: 60 patients with nasal polyps and 60 patients without nasal polyps. The arithmetic mean of age in the group of cases was 31 ± 16.7 years, while in the controls 32.2 ± 18.3, the BMI value was expressed as the arithmetic mean and it was 30.5 ± 4.16 years, while in the controls 23.6 ± 4.30, and the sex ratio was equal between cases and controls with A statistically non-significant value p = 1.000, while the proportion of smokers in cases was 70%, while in controls 37%, with a statistically significant value p = 0.0003.
Conclusion
Smoking and body mass index had a statistically significant relation with the development of nasal polyposis .
A humanized 4-1BB-targeting agonistic antibody exerts potent antitumor activity in colorectal cancer without systemic toxicity
Authors: Cheng Lian-sheng , Cheng Yong-feng , Liu Wen-ting , Shen Aolin , Zhang Dayan , Xu Tingjuan , Yin Wu , Cheng Min , Ma Xiaopeng , Wang Fengrong , Zhao Qun , Zeng Xiaoli , Zhang Yan , Shen Guodong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and the patient survival rate remains unacceptably low. The anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody-based immune checkpoint inhibitors have been added to CRC treatment regimens, however, only a fraction of patients benefits. As an important co-stimulatory molecule, 4-1BB/CD137 is mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells including T and natural killer (NK) cells. Several agonistic molecules targeting 4-1BB have been clinically unsuccessful due to systemic toxicity or weak antitumor effects. We generated a humanized anti-4-1BB IgG4 antibody, HuB6, directed against a unique epitope and hypothesized that it would promote antitumor immunity with high safety.

Methods

The antigen binding specificity, affinity and activity of HuB6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and flow cytometry. The antitumor effects were evaluated in humanized mice bearing syngeneic tumors, and possible toxicity was evaluated in humanized mice and cynomolgus monkeys.

Results

HuB6 showed high specificity and affinity for a binding epitope distinct from those of other known 4-1BB agonists, including utomilumab and urelumab, and induced CD8+ T, CD4+ T and NK cell stimulation dependent on FcγR crosslinking. HuB6 inhibited CRC tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, and the antitumor effect is superior to utomilumab in humanized mouse models of syngeneic CRC. Furthermore, HuB6 combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Additionally, HuB6 induced antitumor immune memory in tumor model mice rechallenged with 4 × 106 tumor cells. Toxicology data for humanized 4-1BB mice and cynomolgus monkeys showed that HuB6 could be tolerated up to a 180 mg/kg dose without systemic toxicity.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that HuB6 is a suitable candidate for further clinical development and potential agent for CRC immunotherapy.
Plasma Neuregulin 1 as a Synaptic Biomarker in Alzheimer’s Disease.
Authors: Vrillon Agathe , Mouton-Liger François , Martinet Matthieu , Cognat Emmanuel , Hourregue Claire , Dumurgier Julien , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Brinkmalm Ann , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hugon Jacques , Paquet Claire 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Synaptic dysfunction is an early core feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), closely associatedwith cognitive symptoms. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a growth and differentiation factor with a key role in the development and maintenance of synaptic transmission. Previous reports have shown that changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NRG1 concentrationare associated with cognitive status and biomarker evidence of AD pathology. Plasma biomarkers reflecting synaptic impairment would be of great clinical interest.Objective: To measure plasma NRG1 concentration in AD patientsin comparison with other neurodegenerative disorders and neurological controls (NC)and to study its association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core AD and synaptic biomarkers.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 127 participants including patients with AD at mild cognitive impairment stage (AD-MCI, n=27) and at dementia stage (n=35), non-AD dementia (n=26, Aβ-negative), non-AD MCI (n=19) and neurological controls (n=20). Plasma and CSF NRG1, as well as CSF core AD biomarkers (Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio, phospho-tau and total tau), were measured using ELISA. CSF synaptic markers were measured using ELISA for GAP-43 and neurogranin and through immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry for SNAP-25. Results: Plasma NRG1 concentration was higher in AD-MCI and AD dementia patients compared with neurological controls (respectively P=0.005 and P<0.001). Plasma NRG1 differentiated AD MCI patients from neurological controls with an area under the curve of 88.3%, and AD dementia patients from NC with an area under the curve of 87.3%. Plasma NRG1 correlated with CSF NRG1 (β=0.372, P=0.0056, adjusted on age and sex). Plasma NRG1 was associated with AD CSF core biomarkers in the whole cohort and in Aβ-positive patients (β=-0.197- 0.423). Plasma NRG1 correlated with CSF GAP-43, neurogranin and SNAP-25 (β=0.278-0.355). Plasma NRG1 concentration correlated inversely with MMSE in the whole cohort and in Aβ-positive patients (all, β=-0.188, P=0.038; Aβ+: β=-0.255, P=0.038).Conclusion: Plasma NRG1concentration is increased in AD patients and correlates with CSF core AD and synaptic biomarkers, and cognitive status. Thus, plasma NRG1 is a promising non-invasive biomarker to monitor synaptic impairment in AD.
Hormone therapy and the decreased risk of dementia in women with depression: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Yoo Juhwan , Han Kyungdo , Lee Dong-Yun , Fava Maurizio , Mischoulon David , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The literature has shown depression to be associated with an increased risk of dementia. In addition, hormone therapy can be a responsive treatment option for a certain type of depression. In this study, we examined the association between hormone therapy, including lifetime oral contraceptive (OC) use, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause with the occurrence of dementia among female patients with depression.Methods: The South Korean national claims data from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018, was used. Female subjects aged 40 years or older with depression were included in the analyses. Information on hormone therapy was identified from health examination data and followed up for the occurrence of dementia during the average follow-up period of 7.72 years.Results: Among 209,588 subjects, 23,555 were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 3,023 with vascular dementia (VD). Lifetime OC usage was associated with a decreased risk of AD (OC use for <1 year: HR, 0.92; [95% CI, 0.88–0.97]; and OC use for ≥1 year: HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.84–0.94]), and HRT after menopause was associated with a decreased risk of AD (HRT for <2 years: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.79–0.89]; HRT for 2–5 years: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74–0.88]; and HRT for ≥5 years : HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71–0.85]) and VD (HRT <2 years: HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71–0.96]; HRT for 2–5 years: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.64–1.02]; and HRT for ≥5 years: HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47–0.79]).Conclusions: In this cohort study using national claims data, lifetime OC use was associated with a decreased risk of AD, and HRT after menopause was associated with a decreased risk of AD and VD among people with depression. However, further studies are needed to establish causality.
Cognitive Impairment Indicator for the Neuropsychological Test Batteries in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Definition and Evidence for Validity
Authors: O’Connell Megan E. , Kadlec Helena , Griffith Lauren E. , Wolfson Christina , Maimon Geva , Taler Vanessa , Kirkland Susan , Raina Parminder 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of overall cognitive impairment based on each participant’s performance across a neuropsychological battery is challenging; consequently, we define and validate a dichotomous cognitive impairment/no cognitive indicator (CII) using a neuropsychological battery administered in a population-based study. This CII approximates the clinical practice of interpretation across a neuropsychological battery and can be applied to any neuropsychological dataset. METHODS: Using data from participants aged 45-85 in the Canadian Longitudinal study on Aging receiving a telephone-administered neuropsychological battery (Tracking, N = 21,241) or a longer in-person battery (Comprehensive, N = 30,097), impairment was determined for each neuropsychological test based on comparison with normative data. We adjusted for the joint probability of abnormally low scores on multiple neuropsychological tests using baserates of low scores demonstrated in the normative samples, and created a dichotomous CII (i.e., cognitive impairment vs no cognitive impairment). Convergent and discriminant validity of the CII were assessed with logistic regression analyses.RESULTS: Using the CII, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 4.3% in the Tracking and 5.0% in the Comprehensive cohorts. The CII demonstrated strong convergent and discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS: The algorithm for the CII is a feasible method to identify participants who demonstrate cognitive impairment on a battery of tests. These methods can be applied in other epidemiological studies that use neuropsychological batteries.
Patient barriers to blood pressure control and their implications in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.
Authors: Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Kamarudin Nur Hasyimah , Mosaad Manar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) control remains a challenge, modulated by significantly differing factors between settings. Hence, this work was undertaken to summarise BP control's prevalence and associated barriers and outline possible implications for customised hypertension care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Three scholarly databases—ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar—were thoroughly examined using predefined search terms to identify potentially relevant studies. Original research articles published in English between 2011 and 2020 that reported the associated factors and barriers to BP control were included. A total of 24 studies were included in this review. Thirteen studies were primarily conducted in LMICs, while the other eleven studies were conducted in HICs. The BP control in the LMICs studies ranges from 12.5–60%. Meanwhile, the BP control in the HICs ranged from 36.3–62%. Barriers related to disease knowledge and medication adherence more frequently in LMIC studies. Meanwhile, advancing age as a challenge to attaining BP control was more common in HIC studies. There was a relatively consistent reporting of barriers to pharmacotherapy optimisation and lifestyle changes across LMICs and HICs studies. The optimal BP control barriers vary between LMICs and HICs, suggesting the need for customised approaches and interventions. Further studies to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions in achieving hypertension therapeutic outcomes are still recommended, particularly in LMICs.
Solvent-free synthesis of diketopyrrolo [3,4-c] pyrrole pigments
Authors: kaul Bansi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper describes environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent-free multistep & multi-reagent process of the synthesis of.diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole/2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) pigments, a new class of most recently introduced high-performance pigments, now in use for a variety of applications, beyond colour appearance , such as liquid crystal displays (LCD) of electronic equipments & TV monitors. Silent features of the process versus state-of-the-art of process, reaction mechanism of the in-situ multistep synthesis and mechanism of the formation of by-products are discussed. Moreover, the process provides the only approach to the stepwise synthesis of unsymmetrical diketopyrrolo pyrrole molecules. The process is particularly aimed at reducing carbon emissions and for energy saving in chemical processes.
Rapid Sharing of Islamophobic Hate on Facebook: The Case of the Tablighi Jamaat Controversy
Authors: Ghasiya Piyush , Sasahara Kazutoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world saw lots of incidents of hate speech, xenophobia, and discrimination where a specific community or people were targeted or accused of being spreaders of the Coronavirus disease. One such prominent episode happened in India, where the Muslim community was targeted for spreading COVID-19. This episode later became known as the “Tablighi Jamaat Controversy” (TJC). We analyzed Facebook posts by public groups during the five months (March to August 2020) that this furor raged to find the major actors and their link-sharing behavior and the presence of (if any) fake news and misinformation. We found that Islamophobic hate speech was spread by the Facebook groups that are Pro-BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party – the leading party in the present Indian government) and have a right-wing ideology, while other groups (anti-hate) were countering the hate. We also found that the hate spreaders were extremely active (three times faster) in sharing their content compared to the anti-hate groups. Lastly, we also found that the highly shared links by the hate spreaders were mostly misinformation. Compared to that, all of the highly shared links by the anti-hate groups were authentic. These results not only explain the usage of the Facebook platform to spread hate and misinformation but also demonstrate how BJP’s pro-Hindu ideology and attitude is directly or indirectly enabling these actors to spew hate against minorities, especially Muslims, with no legal consequences.