bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alliance for Healthier Communities' journey to a learning health system in primary care
Authors: Nash Danielle M , Rayner Jennifer , Bhatti Sara , Zagar Lorri , Zwarenstein Merrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Alliance for Healthier Communities represents community‐governed healthcare organizations in Ontario, Canada including Community Health Centres, which provide primary care to more disadvantaged populations.MethodsIn this experience report, we describe the Alliance's journey towards becoming a learning health system using examples for organizational culture, data and analytics, people and partnerships, client engagement, ethics and oversight, evaluation and dissemination, resources, identification and prioritization, and deliverables and impact.ResultsMany of the foundational elements for a learning health system were already in place at the Alliance including an integrated and accessible data platform. Leadership championed and embraced the movement towards a learning health system, which led to restructuring of the organization. This included role changes for data support personnel, better communication, and dissemination plans, strategies to engage clinicians and other front‐line staff, restructuring of committees for more collaborative planning and prioritization of quality improvement and research initiatives, and the development of a new Practice‐Based Learning Network for more opportunities to use the data for research and evaluation.ConclusionsNext steps will focus on continued clinical engagement and partnerships as well as ongoing reflection on the transition and success of the learning health system work.
Polymersomes‐Mediated Delivery of CSF1R Inhibitor to Tumor Associated Macrophages Promotes M2 to M1‐Like Macrophage Repolarization
Authors: Rodriguez‐Perdigon Manuel , Jimaja Sètuhn , Haeni Laetitia , Bruns Nico , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Rüegg Curzio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor environment modulates tumor progression at all stages of cancer disease. TAMs are predominantly M2‐like polarized macrophages with tumor‐promoting activities. Nonetheless, they can be repolarized to tumoricidal M1‐like macrophages through macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition (CSF1Ri). CSF1Ri is being explored as multifaced therapeutic approach to suppress TAMs tumor‐promoting functions and reduce cancer cell aggressiveness and viability. However, treatment with CSF1Ri results in significant TAMs death, thereby extinguishing the possibility of generating tumoricidal M1‐like macrophages. Immunotherapy has not only improved overall patient's survival in some cancer types, but also caused frequent off‐target toxicity. Approaches to balance efficacy versus toxicity are needed. Herein, a CSF1Ri‐loaded polymersomes (PMs) based delivery platform is developed to promote M2‐like macrophage repolarization. When testing in vitro on primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs), CSF1Ri‐loaded PMs are preferentially taken up by M2‐like macrophages and enhance M2 to M1‐like macrophage repolarization while minimizing cytotoxicity in comparison to the free drug. When testing in a MDMs‐MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell coculture model, CSF1Ri‐loaded PMs further retain their M2 to M1‐like macrophages polarization capacity. This CSF1Ri‐loaded PM‐based platform system represents a promising tool for macrophage‐based immunotherapy approaches.
Amino‐Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer‐Based Recyclable Elastic Fibers for a Breathable and Antibacterial Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Jia Pan , Wang Li , Yao Xuefeng , Zhang Desuo , Lin Hong , Li Yi , Chen Yuyue , Xiong Jiaqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRealizing recyclable triboelectric active materials with commendable elasticity, breathability, and durable antibacterial performance is significant for the sustainable development of wearables and bioelectronics. A spinnable elastic polymer (MPVA) is developed by modifying polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with amino‐terminated hyperbranched polymers (HBP‐NH2), demonstrating a junction‐reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane (MPVA) with lower Young's modulus and improved stretchability, which exhibits robust network structure and tunable air permeability to sustain 50 tensile cycles at 50% strain. Trapped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the fibers reduced in situ by the terminal groups of HBP‐NH2 demonstrate MPVA/Ag NPs nanofiber membrane with reliable antibacterial capability for both E. coli and S. aureus. By spraying a silver nanowires (Ag NWs) electrode on the antibacterial fiber membrane to serve as a single‐electrode stretchable (≈50% strain) triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), it is demonstrated that stable triboelectric output can be maintained regardless of resistance change (ΔR/R0) within 50%. Self‐powered identification of contacting objects is demonstrated. The antibacterial breathable fiber membrane can be facilely dissolved in water for regeneration via electrospinning, which is promising for sustainable development of future transient TENGs and bioelectronics.
Covalent Adaptable Networks Based on Dynamic Alkoxyamine Bonds
Authors: Jia Yixuan , Delaittre Guillaume , Tsotsalas Manuel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCovalent adaptable networks (CANs) introduce a new paradigm to polymer science, by making static network polymers dynamic and thereby recyclable, reprocessable, and self‐healing. The critical feature in CANs is the presence of dynamic covalent linkages within the network structure. A variety of such linkages are introduced into CANs, making the respective networks responsive to various stimuli, such as light, temperature, or pH. Here, CANs based on alkoxyamines as dynamic covalent bonds are reviewed. Alkoxyamines uniquely combine the ability to dynamically form, break, and reform covalent bonds with the possibility to initiate reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization. Polymer networks based on alkoxyamines are therefore both adaptive and quasi‐living, able to remodel the network structure by nitroxide‐exchange reactions (NER) and extend the network structure by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP). In this review, the concepts behind CANs are first introduced and the properties of nitroxides and derived alkoxyamines are discussed. A special focus is set on the ability to tune the response of alkoxyamines to different stimuli, through alteration of their structure. In addition, possible side reactions during dynamic bond exchange and limitations for polymerization are critically reviewed. Subsequently, examples of alkoxyamine‐based CANs responsive to different stimuli, such as temperature, light, or chemical triggers, are discussed. Properties and applications of CANs based on alkoxyamines are then discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided on challenges that need to be addressed as well as opportunities that lie within these “living” CANs.
Polyphenols and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Red Wine Consumption on Gut and Oral Microbiome in Active‐Phase Patients
Authors: Taladrid Diego , Zorraquín‐Peña Irene , Molinero Natalia , Silva Mariana , Manceñido Noemi , Pajares Ramón , Bartolomé Begoña , Moreno‐Arribas M. Victoria 
Published: May 2022

ScopeThis paper explores the effects of moderate red wine consumption on the clinical status and symptomatology of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), including the study of the oral and intestinal microbiome.Methods and resultsA case control intervention study in UC patients is designed. Intervention patients (n= 5) consume red wine (250 mL day−1) for 4 weeks whereas control patients (n= 5) do not. Moderate wine consumption significantly (p < 0.05) improves some clinical parameters related to serum iron, and alleviates intestinal symptoms as evaluated by the IBDQ‐32 questionnaire. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicate a non‐significant (p > 0.05) increase in bacterial alpha diversity after wine intervention in both saliva and fecal microbiota. Additional comparison of taxonomic data between UC patients (n= 10) and healthy subjects (n= 8) confirm intestinal dysbiosis for the UC patients. Finally, analysis of fecal metabolites (i.e., phenolic acids and SCFAs) indicates a non‐significant increase (p> 0.05) for the UC patients that consumed wine.ConclusionsModerate and regular red wine intake seems to improve the clinical status and symptoms of UC patients in the active phase of the disease. However, studies with a greater sample size are required to achieve conclusive results.
Efficiency of Hydraulic Patent Tongs for Surveying Restored Eastern Oyster Reefs in Harris Creek, Maryland
Authors: Wilberg Michael J. , Coleman Sara , Slacum H. Ward , Liang Dong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is a temperate reef-building bivalve that provides an array of ecosystem services. Efforts to restore eastern oyster have been increasing, highlighting the need for standardized monitoring metrics across projects and regions. Our objective was to estimate the efficiency of hydraulic patent tongs for estimating eastern oyster density on restoration sites in Harris Creek, Maryland. We sampled eastern oysters using a diver and hydraulic patent tongs and estimated differences in density estimates between the two gears using a mixed-effects generalized linear model. On average, density estimates from hydraulic patent tongs were only 30% of those from the diver, which was substantially lower than previous studies. Given the widespread use of hydraulic patent tongs in eastern oyster research and management, a better understanding of the efficiency of hydraulic patent tongs is needed.
Abundance, Restoration, and Transport of Unanchored Large Wood in a Small River in Central Idaho
Authors: Gregory Jim S. , Gamett Bart L. , Wood Caselle L. , Van Kirk Robert W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Removal of large wood along and within streams has disrupted processes that are essential for the establishment of important habitat for fish in many areas. Therefore, habitat improvement activities often include addition of large wood to streams. Historical timber harvests in portions of the Yankee Fork drainage reduced the abundance of large wood in these areas compared to areas that have not experienced harvest. In this study, large wood was added to the Yankee Fork to simulate wood recruitment to the stream by natural processes, including streamside trees falling into the stream, avalanches, and debris flows. The added wood was not buried, anchored, or purposefully wedged to prevent movement. Therefore, natural stream dynamics could reposition the wood, resulting in natural fish habitat. The abundance of large wood in the treatment reaches, although not static, was maintained over multiple years despite the occurrence of a near 25-year high-flow event. Tracking of 20 radio-tagged pieces of added large wood over 5 years revealed a maximum transport distance of 940 m, with most pieces moving &lt;28 m in any given year. The results of the present study demonstrate that large-wood abundance in a small river, increased by simulating natural processes, can be maintained at levels observed in similar reference areas despite high flows and some wood transport. The restoration approach proposed in this study is appropriate for small rivers on public or undeveloped private land; however, caution should be exercised in rivers where man-made infrastructure could be damaged by unanchored large wood.
Resetting the Clock: How a Reconnection Event Reshaped Cove Fish Assemblages in a Nebraska Reservoir
Authors: Ruoss Jenna P. , Mason Brian E. , Wuellner Melissa R. , Koupal Keith D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coves are part of the mosaic of fish habitats in many U.S. reservoirs, but over time these coves may be disconnected from the main reservoir for varying durations due to the buildup of sediment berms at the mouth that are higher than reservoir elevations. Our 4-year study (2017–2020) of five coves in Harlan County Reservoir, Nebraska, across three seasons (spring, summer, and fall) provided an opportunity to compare fish communities between coves that have remained connected to the main body of the reservoir and coves that have been intermittently connected to or disconnected from the reservoir over the past 10 years. Further, we were able to evaluate fish community changes in coves following substantial flood events in 2019 that reconnected all disconnected coves to the main body of the reservoir. Taxonomic richness and diversity were lower in the intermittently connected and disconnected coves compared to the connected coves in 2017 and 2018. Only Common Carp Cyprinus carpio were found in the disconnected cove, and Black Bullheads Ameiurus melas were only found in intermittent coves. However, fish communities notably shifted in intermittently connected and disconnected coves after the reconnection event in 2019 and became more similar to those in connected coves. Most notably, species richness in the disconnected cove increased from 1 species preconnection to 18 species postconnection, and two new species (Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris and Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas) were found in at least one cove type during the postflood period that had not been present in any coves prior to the connection. Results from this study underscore the importance of coves as habitats for some species and provide insights as to how fish communities may change when coves are reconnected, whether by human intervention or variations in reservoir elevation.
Using Pectoral Fin Ridges to Assign Sex to Bighead Carp
Authors: Lederman Nathan J. , Love Seth A. , Anderson Rebekah L. , DeBoer Jason A. , Lamer James T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis are native to eastern Asia, have been introduced throughout the world, and are subjected to immense management where they persist. Identifying the sex of Bighead Carp during monitoring efforts could provide additional data to enhance fishery management schemes, thereby facilitating better management. We assessed the presence (male) or absence (female) of bony ctenoid serrations on the upper edge of the foremost pectoral fin ray to noninvasively and nonlethally determine the sex of 745 Bighead Carp collected from March to December. Bighead Carp sex was correctly assigned 93% of the time by three readers, with males correctly identified 94% of the time and females 92% of the time. A generalized linear model indicated that total length and water temperature influence the success of sex assignment. Overall effects of water temperature and size were relatively low, as the pectoral fin method was highly accurate (93%) and precise (88% agreement among readers). Thus, the pectoral fin method provides reliable Bighead Carp sex assignment that can be used on wild-caught fish to noninvasively and rapidly assign sex in the field or lab.
Abundance and Migration Success of Overshoot Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River
Authors: Murdoch Andrew R. , See Kevin , Truscott Benjamin L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss may enter freshwater almost a year before spawning and potentially make long migrations (&gt;1,000 km) to interior headwater habitats. However, in response to suboptimal freshwater habitat conditions (e.g., warmer water temperatures), adult summer steelhead may exhibit complex behaviors during upstream migration in the Columbia River basin. Steelhead may migrate upstream of their natal tributary (hereafter, referred to as “overshoot”) and spend days to several months before subsequently migrating downstream (hereafter, referred to as “fallback”) to their natal tributary to spawn. An expansion of an existing Bayesian patch occupancy model, derived from observations of adult steelhead that were PIT-tagged to estimate population-specific abundance upstream of the tagging location, incorporated downstream detection locations to estimate the abundance of overshoot fallbacks. Overshoot steelhead abundance at the tagging location was estimated based on the relationship between the number of known overshoot fallbacks (i.e., the number of steelhead that overshot and successfully migrated downstream to their natal tributary) and their model-estimated abundance. During the study period (2010–2017), the annual mean proportion of overshoot steelhead that successfully migrated downstream of the tagging location (Priest Rapids Dam) was 0.59 (SD = 0.14). The number of dams encountered by overshoot steelhead during their downstream migration was negatively correlated with their downstream migration success probability. Improved downstream passage survival for adult steelhead will increase the abundance of affected populations while reducing potential genetic introgression of upstream populations (i.e., strays). This is the first study to estimate the abundance of overshoot and fallback steelhead, providing the data necessary for scientists to estimate potential conservation benefits of improved downstream survival. For example, surface flow passage routes (e.g., sluiceways and temporary spillway weirs) are very effective in guiding and passing adult steelhead downstream of Columbia River hydroelectric projects and data from this assessment show that changes in dam operations throughout the downstream migration period may maximize conservation benefits.
An object‐oriented geometric engine design for discontinuities in unfitted/immersed/enriched finite element methods
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhebel Elena , van den Boom Sanne J. , Liu Dongyu , Aragón Alejandro M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, an object‐oriented geometric engine is proposed to solve problems with discontinuities, for instance, material interfaces and cracks, by means of unfitted, immersed, or enriched finite element methods (FEMs). Both explicit and implicit representations, such as geometric entities and level sets, are introduced to describe configurations of discontinuities. The geometric engine is designed in an object‐oriented way and consists of several modules. For efficiency, a ‐d tree data structure that partitions the background mesh is constructed for detecting cut elements whose neighbors are found by means of a dual graph structure. Moreover, the implementation for creating enriched nodes, integration elements, and physical groups is described in detail, and the corresponding pseudo‐code is also provided. The complexity and efficiency of the geometric engine are investigated by solving 2‐D and 3‐D discontinuous models. The capability of the geometric engine is demonstrated on several numerical examples. Topology optimization and problems with intersecting discontinuities are handled with enriched FEMs, where enriched discretizations obtained from the geometric engine are used for the analysis. Furthermore, polycrystalline structures that overlap with an unfitted mesh are considered, where integration elements are created so they align with grain boundaries. Another example shows that the Stanford bunny, which is discretized by a surface mesh with triangular elements, can be fully immersed into a 3‐D background mesh. Finally, we share a list of main findings and conclude that the proposed geometric engine is general, robust, and efficient.
Understanding nursing students' perceptions of the general practice environment and their priorities for employment settings
Authors: Calma Kaara Ray B. , Halcomb Elizabeth J. , Fernandez Ritin , Williams Anna , McInnes Susan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo explore final year nursing students' perceptions of the general practice environment and their priorities when choosing a workplace.DesignOnline survey, reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.MethodsThe validated Profession Scale from the Scale on Community Care Perceptions (SCOPE) tool was used to identify characteristics within the general practice environment and the importance of these in choosing a workplace. To explore the factor structure, exploratory factor analysis was undertaken which was used to revise the survey language and flow before widespread dissemination.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐five responses were received. Factor analysis revealed three factors: Provision of care, Employment conditions and Nature of work. Respondents exposed to general practice in the Bachelor of Nursing program or who had a general practice clinical placement had significantly different perceptions across all factors. Although wages, advancement opportunities, work pressures and the physical nature of work were perceived as important in choosing a workplace, they were seen as only moderately present in general practice.
Feelings of being a second victim among Spanish midwives and obstetricians
Authors: Santana‐Domínguez Irene , González‐De La Torre Héctor , Verdú‐Soriano José , Berenguer‐Pérez Miriam , Suárez‐Sánchez Juan José , Martín‐Martínez Alicia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of feelings of being a second victim among midwives and obstetricians in Spain and to explore possible differences between the two professions.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical observational study.MethodsAn online survey collecting several variables was administered throughout the Spanish territory. Spanish version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) was used. The data collection period was from May to December 2020.ResultsA total sample of 719 obstetricians and midwives were studied. There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to seven dimensions of SVEST: greater feelings of being a second victim among obstetricians in the dimensions physical distress/p ≤ .001, non‐work‐related support/p ≤ .001 and absenteeism/p ≤ .001 and greater feelings of being a second victim among midwives in the dimensions psychological distress/p ≤ .001, supervisor support/p = .011, professional self‐efficacy/p ≤ .001 and intention to change jobs/p ≤ .001.
Frontline nurses' compassion fatigue and associated predictive factors during the second wave of COVID‐19 in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Amir Kabunga , Okalo Ponsiano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated contextual factors of compassion fatigue in nurses in Kampala.DesignThis study employed a cross‐sectional study design.MethodsParticipants included 395 nurses. They provided details about their demographic information. Stamm's Professional Quality of Life V‐5 was used to assess the levels of compassion fatigue. Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi‐square and Fischer's exact test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p‐value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 395 participants, 58.23% (N = 230) were female, 39.76% had a diploma, 47.09% were single, 43.54% had worked for 11–15 years, 54.94% had an exposure to COVID‐19 cases and 43.54% worked for more than 10 hr a day. 49.11% had high levels of compassion fatigue. The predictors of compassion fatigue were working experience (p‐value = <.001), exposure to COVID‐19 (p‐value = <.019), long working hours (p‐value = .003) and remuneration (p‐value = <.001).