bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital self‐harm and suicidality among adolescents
Authors: Patchin Justin W. , Hinduja Sameer , Meldrum Ryan C. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundResearch on digital self‐harm – the anonymous online posting, sending, or otherwise sharing of hurtful content about oneself – is still in its infancy. Yet unexplored is whether digital self‐harm is related to suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.MethodsIn the current study, survey data were collected in 2019 from a national sample of 4972 American middle and high school students (Mage = 14.5; 50% female). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether lifetime engagement in two different indicators of digital self‐harm was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts within the past year.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that engagement in digital self‐harm was associated with a five‐ to sevenfold increase in the likelihood of reporting suicidal thoughts and a nine‐ to 15‐fold increase in the likelihood of a suicide attempt.ConclusionsResults suggest a connection between digital self‐harm and suicidality. As such, health professionals must screen for digital self‐harm to address underlying mental health problems among youth that may occur prior to or alongside suicidality, and parents/caregivers must convey to children that they are available to dialog, support, and assist with the root issues that may eventually manifest as digital self‐harm.
Examining academic self‐concept as a mediator of the relationship between anxiety and depression: A longitudinal study
Authors: Morales Alexandra , Rodríguez‐Menchón Miriam , Espada José P. , Orgilés Mireia 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSelf‐concept plays a role as a mediator in the development and maintenance of internalizing symptoms but mechanisms through which the early presence of anxiety symptoms is associated with the subsequent development of depression is unknown. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the mediating role of different areas of self‐concept in the relationship between the early development of anxiety symptoms and the later appearance of depressive symptoms.MethodsA longitudinal study with 3 time‐points was conducted, including baseline, 2 months and 12 months from the baseline assessment. A total of 217 children aged 8–12 years participated. Mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS Macro for SPSS.ResultsAcademic self‐concept (Time 2) mediated the relationship between Anxiety (Time 1) and Depression (Time 3) when controlling for children's sex and, age, baseline value of the mediator, anxiety (at Times 2 and 3), and depression (at Times 1 and 2). Children with self‐reports of higher anxiety symptoms (Time 1) presented lower Academic self‐concept (Time 2). Children who reported lower levels of Academic self‐concept and Family self‐concept (Time 2) were more likely to develop depressive symptoms (Time 3).ConclusionsFeeling competent in the school environment may be considered a protective factor against the development of depression in childhood. The identification of risk factors facilitates the development and implementation of preventive programs.
The promise and purpose of early care and education
Authors: Burchinal Margaret , Whitaker Anamarie A. , Jenkins Jade Marcus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly care and education (ECE) evolved around two goals: allowing parents of young children to work (the purpose) and promoting early childhood development (the promise). An extensive body of research has examined how ECE promotes child development. A much sparser body of research has studied how ECE access affects families' economic and psychological well‐being, particularly from a developmental perspective. These imbalanced literatures have created an incomplete picture of the role of ECE in developmental science, and this gap in knowledge limits the extent to which both the purpose and the promise of ECE can be fulfilled. In this article, we argue that developmental researchers should pay more attention to the parent and family outcomes, processes, and mechanisms that depend on stable, high‐quality care (the purpose), and how these downstream cascades influence child development in the short and long term (the promise). While these issues are international, in this article, we focus on the development of and research on ECE in the United States to illustrate how the focus on both the purpose and promise of ECE could expand policies and research in the area.
Children's outdoor activities in the inner suburbs of Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Osborne Linda P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo examine the impact of residential design on children's out‐of‐school, outdoor activities, 149 urban, upper‐primary‐school children were surveyed about their activities and opinions. Findings indicate children participate in outdoor activities unsupervised in yards that provide busy families quick, convenient access to safe greenspace without the need to drive or closely supervise. The research concluded that government policies are required to ensure residential developments provide yards with usable greenspace, leafy streetscapes and safe, walkable access to local facilities. Increased public awareness and understanding of the benefits of greenspace close to home and the importance of children's independent mobility must be prioritised.
Immediate implant placement utilizing vestibular socket therapy versus early implant placement with contour augmentation for rehabilitation of compromised extraction sockets in the esthetic zone: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: ElAskary Abdelsalam , Elfana Ahmed , Meabed Moatez , Abd‐ElWahab Radi Iman , Akram Mahmoud , Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present randomized controlled trial compares for the first time the vestibular socket therapy (VST) to the contour augmentation technique in the management of compromised fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary esthetic zone, regarding mid‐facial soft tissue changes (primary outcome), mesial and distal papillae dimensions, horizontal soft tissue changes and labial bone plate thickness at apical, middle and coronal levels (secondary outcomes) over 1‐year.Materials and MethodsForty participants with single nonrestorable maxillary teeth in the esthetic zone were randomized into two groups; VST (test; n = 20) utilizing vestibular access for guided bone regeneration (GBR) with immediate implant placement, or contour augmentation (control; n = 20) undergoing an initial healing period followed by implant placement with GBR through a conventional access flap.ResultsAll implants were successfully osseo‐integrated, except for one implant in the test group. VST showed significantly less mid‐facial soft tissue changes of −0.53 ± 1.17 mm versus −1.87 ± 0.69 mm in the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, changes in mesial papilla (test = −0.64 ± 0.95 mm, control = −1.20 ± 0.81 mm), distal papilla (test = −0.56 ± 1.17 mm, control = −1.26 ± 0.63 mm), horizontal soft‐tissue (test = −0.82 ± 0.95 mm, control = −1.84 ± 0.88 mm; p < 0.05) were significantly less in VST. Intra‐group comparisons demonstrated a significant increase in labial bone thickness, with no differences between groups. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between VST as well as increased coronal bone thickness with the reduction in mid‐facial soft‐tissue changes.ConclusionThe VST showed less soft‐tissue changes and could represent an innovative technique for implant placement in the maxillary esthetic zone. Both techniques showed a high implant survival rate and increased bone thickness after 12 months.
Isocyanates may contribute to allergic contact dermatitis from diabetes devices and wound dressings
Authors: Dendooven Ella , Foubert Kenn , Naessens Tania , Pieters Luc , Lambert Julien , Aerts Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIsocyanates are well‐known occupational allergens, but can also be present in medical devices.ObjectivesTo highlight that contact sensitization to isocyanates might contribute to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from polyurethane (PU)‐containing diabetes devices and wound dressings.Patients and MethodsNineteen patients with suspected ACD from diabetes devices and/or wound dressings were patch tested to an isocyanate series. Four wound dressings, six diabetes devices and four monomeric isocyanate patch test preparations were analysed with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.ResultsEight patients reacted to isocyanates and corresponding amines: 3 to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4 to 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), 4 to 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1 to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI). Three of four wound dressings contained isocyanates (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate [MDI], TDI and/or IPDI), whereas five of six diabetes devices contained 4,4′‐MDI, and one of them also IPDI. None of the medical devices contained 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate. Contrary to IPDI, and especially MDI, only the concentration of the TDI patch test preparation corresponded approximately (80%) to its label.ConclusionPatch tests with isocyanates may be worth‐while in patients with suspected ACD from PU‐containing medical devices. Besides MDA, and PMDI, also TDI might potentially be a marker for MDI‐sensitization.
Two thirds of species in a global shark fin trade hub are threatened with extinction: Conservation potential of international trade regulations for coastal sharks
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego , Shea Stanley K. , Zhang Huarong , Fischer Gunter A. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Chapman Demian D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne third of chondrichthyan species (sharks, rays, and chimeras) are threatened with extinction, mainly due to unsustainable fishing. Large accessible international markets for meat and luxury products like dried fins can help drive overfishing by encouraging targeted capture or retention of high‐value export species. If this is common, then species in international trade could have heightened extinction risk. Here, we examined the species composition of the Hong Kong shark fin market from 2014 to 2018, finding that traded species disproportionately occur in threatened categories (70.9%) and all premium value species are threatened. A small number of cosmopolitan species dominate the trade, but noncosmopolitan coastal species are still traded at concerning levels given their limited distribution. These coastal species are not generally subject to retention prohibitions, fisheries management, or international trade regulations and without management many could become extinct. The conservation potential of international trade regulations alone for coastal chondrichthyans depends on the extent to which overfishing is driven by export markets; socioeconomic studies of coastal fishing communities are needed to make this determination. Nonetheless, adding international trade regulations for more coastal shark species that are in the fin trade could prompt broad engagement with overfishing in nations lacking effective management.
An insight into planarian regeneration
Authors: Ge Xin‐Yang , Han Xiao , Zhao Yong‐Liang , Cui Guan‐Shen , Yang Yun‐Gui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlanarian has attracted increasing attentions in the regeneration field for its usefulness as an important biological model organism attributing to its strong regeneration ability. Both the complexity of multiple regulatory networks and their coordinate functions contribute to the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis and the process of regeneration in planarian. The polarity, size, location and number of regeneration tissues are regulated by diverse mechanisms. In this review we summarize the recent advances about the importance genetic and molecular mechanisms for regeneration control on various tissues in planarian.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of original articles published in recent years was performed in regards to the molecular mechanism of each cell types during the planarian regeneration, including neoblast, nerve system, eye spot, excretory system and epidermal.ResultsAvailable molecular mechanisms gave us an overview of regeneration process in every tissue. The sense of injuries and initiation of regeneration is regulated by diverse genes like follistatin and ERK signaling. The Neoblasts differentiate into tissue progenitors under the regulation of genes such as egfr‐3. The regeneration polarity is controlled by Wnt pathway, BMP pathway and bioelectric signals. The neoblast within the blastema differentiate into desired cell types and regenerate the missing tissues. Those tissue specific genes regulate the tissue progenitor cells to differentiate into desired cell types to complete the regeneration process.ConclusionAll tissue types in planarian participate in the regeneration process regulated by distinct molecular factors and cellular signaling pathways. The neoblasts play vital roles in tissue regeneration and morphology maintenance. These studies provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms for regulating planarian regeneration.
Administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide improves oocyte quality of obese mice
Authors: Wang Luyao , Chen Yurong , Wei Jiarui , Guo Fucheng , Li Leyi , Han Zhen , Wang Zhengzhu , Zhu Haibo , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Ziyi , Dai Xiangpeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesObesity has become a common health concern around the world. Maternal obesity could cause poor reproductive outcomes due to chronic ovarian inflammation and decreased oocyte quality. However, the strategies to improve the poor reproductive outcomes of obese females have not been fully studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oocyte quality and reproductive performance of obese mice.Materials and MethodsThe obese mouse model was established by feeding high‐fat diet which was confirmed by body weight record, fasting blood glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test. The expression of ovary development related genes and inflammation related genes, including Lhx8, Bmp4, Adgre1, Ccl2, TNF‐α, Gal‐3, Clec10a and IL‐10 in ovaries and the expression of Bax and Sod1 in oocytes were detected using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR). The adipose size of abdominal fat tissue was determined with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the ROS level, spindle/chromosome structure, mitochondrial function, actin dynamics and DNA damage of oocytes.ResultsThe administration of NMN restored ovarian weight and reduced the adipose size of abdominal fat tissue and ovarian inflammation in high fat diet (HFD) mice. Furthermore, NMN treatment improved the oocytes quality partially by restoring the mitochondrial function and actin dynamics, reducing meiotic defects, DNA damage and ROS level and lipid droplet distribution of oocytes in HFD mice. On the long‐term effect, NMN restored offspring body weight of HFD mice.ConclusionNMN could improve the oocyte quality of HFD‐induced obese mice.
The role of the Wnt signalling pathway in the energy metabolism of bone remodelling
Authors: Zhu Mengyuan , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesBone remodelling is necessary to repair old and impaired bone caused by aging and its effects. Injury in the process of bone remodelling generally leads to the development of various bone diseases. Energy metabolism plays crucial roles in bone cell formation and function, the disorder of which will disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption.Materials and MethodsHere, we review the intrinsic interactions between bone remodelling and energy metabolism and the role of the Wnt signalling pathway.ResultsWe found a close interplay between metabolic pathways and bone homeostasis, demonstrating that bone plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. We also discovered that Wnt signalling is associated with multiple biological processes regulating energy metabolism in bone cells.ConclusionsThus, targeted regulation of Wnt signalling and the recovery of the energy metabolism function of bone cells are key means for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
Counter‐mapping Heritage: Memory and Significance in Places of Racialised Land Dispossession: The Case of Lower Claremont, Cape Town
Authors: Stewart Maurietta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study I investigate the use of counter‐mapping methodologies to identify memories and significance in landscapes of racialised dispossession in the city of Cape Town. I use oral history, a go‐along or walking interview and focus group workshop to test the counter‐mapping process. In doing so I trace the historical process of land and housing loss under apartheid as an extension of colonialism and its modernist project of racial separation, and the effects and affects on those dispossessed into the post‐apartheid period. I critically assess the official frameworks of heritage resource management, especially in the post‐apartheid period, which have continued to focus on the built environment and aesthetics, despite official attempts to incorporate consultation of communities, stakeholders and their values. I do so in order to highlight the need for transformation and inclusion in current heritage practice in order to address disparities in the practice. Counter‐mapping methodologies are presented in the research as potential tools to address these contentious practices. These contentions intersect strongly in areas included in the Heritage Protection Overlay Zoning (HPOZ) in the City of Cape Town.1 The research shows that the HPOZ is geared towards managing the built environment and give attention to contextual development issues. It is however, not able to deal with memories and intangible values of the dispossessed in places where it intersects with land dispossession. The study also presents how research participants understand their heritage, which at times strengthens the official framework, and at other times stands in opposition to and in contrast to the official framework. These significances are mapped using counter‐mapping methodologies. The study concludes that counter‐mapping methodologies are able to represent memory and intangible significance in places of racialised land dispossession, and that the methodologies have multiple uses for varying settings and purposes, which speak to a modernist vision in post‐apartheid's constitutional democracy that fulfills the promise of fairness and justice.
Heritage as Restitution: The Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya
Authors: Siddiqi Anooradha Iyer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecognizing architectures of unelected migration as sites of modern history and heritage not only expands the consideration of modernities in Africa but also constitutes a form of restitution to those who have fled insecurity and violence imposed by others. In this paper and pictorial presentation based on 12 years of archival and on‐site research, I argue that the Dadaab refugee camps and their inhabitation of the Kenya‐Somalia borderland may be understood and valued for a long history as well as a recent materiality, which has taken form in architecture, spatial practices, and territorial construction. Rather than accepting the relegation of refugee architecture to policy studies or the applied social sciences, which privilege the logics of emergency and an epistemology of the security state over knowledge stemming from people's migratory lives, this paper takes seriously the paradoxes of Dadaab as a heritage site. At Dadaab, the Kenyan government and UNHCR established relief operations in a region inscribed with colonial and postcolonial frontiers and wars, carrying a memory of detention and an imaginary of a borderland. These modern historical forces are reiterated in humanitarian settlements holding half a million registered refugees and unregistered migrants, enacting confinement in architectures figured as much by the visual frailty of dwellings dusted red by the wind and clad in recovered textile fragments as by a spectacular array of satellite dishes, aeronautic fleets on tarmac, aluminum and polyvinyl chloride water storage towers, and hydraulic extraction machinery penetrating a Jurassic‐era aquifer. These architectures signal transience even if anchored in the earth and sky, part of an ecology that once supported pastoralists and now undergirds another migratory world. My pictorially oriented paper uses these historical and aesthetic paradoxes to argue for this complex African heritage site, and with it, restitution of a fraught landscape of migration through a meaningful reconsideration of modern heritage.
Self‐regulation and frontal EEG alpha activity during infancy and early childhood: A multilevel meta‐analysis
Authors: Hofstee Marissa , Huijding Jorg , Cuevas Kimberly , Deković Maja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntegrating behavioral and neurophysiological measures has created new and advanced ways to understand the development of self‐regulation. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to examine how self‐regulatory processes are related to frontal alpha power during infancy and early childhood. However, findings across previous studies have been inconsistent. To address this issue, the current meta‐analysis synthesized all prior literature examining associations between individual differences in self‐regulation and frontal EEG alpha power (baseline and/or task). In total, 23 studies consisting of 1275 participants between 1 month and 6 years of age were included, which yielded 149 effect sizes. Findings of the three‐level meta‐analytic model demonstrated a non‐significant overall association between self‐regulation and frontal alpha power. Yet, significant moderating effects were found for self‐regulation construct (emotion regulation, effortful control, executive function), self‐regulation measurement (behavioral task, computer assessment, lab observation, questionnaire), and children's mean age. Self‐regulation was only significantly correlated with frontal alpha power when studies focused on the executive functioning construct. Moreover, the use of behavioral tasks or questionnaires and a higher mean age of the children resulted in small but significant effect size estimates. Higher frontal alpha power values were related to higher order top‐down mechanisms of self‐regulation, indicating that these mechanisms might become stronger when the frontal cortex is sufficiently developed. The findings of the current meta‐analysis highlight the importance of longitudinal analyses and multimethod approaches in future work to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the role of frontal EEG alpha activity in the etiology of individual differences in early self‐regulation.Research Highlights
The first meta‐analysis of individual differences in self‐regulation and frontal EEG alpha power during infancy and early childhood demonstrated a non‐significant overall association.
Moderation analyses revealed that variations in frontal alpha power were significantly associated with executive function, but not with effortful control and emotion regulation.
Frontal alpha power was related to variations in self‐regulation when measured by behavioral tasks and questionnaires, but not via computer assessments and lab observations.
The association between individual differences in self‐regulation and frontal alpha power becomes significantly stronger with age.