bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in WRKY33 promoter is associated with the cold sensitivity in cultivated tomato
Authors: Guo Mingyue , Yang Fengjun , Liu Chenxu , Zou Jinping , Qi Zhenyu , Fotopoulos Vasileios , Lu Gang , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Jie 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Natural variations in cis‐regulatory regions often affect crop phenotypes by altering gene expression. However, the mechanism of how promoter mutations affect gene expression and crop stress tolerance is still poorly understood.

In this study, by analyzing RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq) data and reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR validation in the cultivated tomato and its wild relatives, we reveal that the transcripts of WRKY33 are almost unchanged in cold‐sensitive cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Ailsa Craig’ but are significantly induced in cold‐tolerant wild tomato relatives Solanum habrochaites LA1777 and Solanum pennellii LA0716 under cold stress.

Overexpression of SlWRKY33 or ShWRKY33 positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato. Variant of the critical W‐box in SlWRKY33 promoter results in the loss of self‐transcription function of SlWRKY33 under cold stress. Analysis integrating RNA‐Seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data reveals that SlWRKY33 directly targets and induces multiple kinases, transcription factors, and molecular chaperone genes, such as CDPK11, MYBS3, and BAG6, thus enhancing cold tolerance. In addition, heat‑ and Botrytis‐induced WRKY33s expression in both wild and cultivated tomatoes are independent of the critical W‐box variation.

Our findings suggest nucleotide polymorphism in cis‐regulatory regions is crucial for different cold sensitivity between cultivated and wild tomato plants.
Exploring Okun's law asymmetry: An endogenous threshold logistic smooth transition regression approach*
Authors: Christopoulos Dimitris , McAdam Peter , Tzavalis Elias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing a novel methodology, we offer new evidence that a threshold relationship exists for Okun's law (the well‐known output–unemployment co‐movement). We use a logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) model where threshold endogeneity is addressed using copula transformations of the threshold variable. We also suggest a test of the linearity hypothesis against the LSTR model. In line with Okun's insight (and that of the subsequent literature) that the trade‐off can be affected by different margins, we consider several potential threshold variables. We find mainly a combination of structural and policy‐related variables accounts for changes in the Okun's law trade‐off for the United States in recent decades. This conclusion is bolstered by combing these threshold candidates into a single factor. Accordingly, we find that the unemployment gap is increasingly associated with a smaller output gap. Notably, while the Great Recession accelerated that rise, the bulk of the change occurred beforehand.
SNAI2 promotes the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia by modulating p‐EMT
Authors: Shang Qianhui , Peng Jiakuan , Jiang Yuchen , Qing Maofeng , Zhou Yu , Xu Hao , Chen Qianming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveSnail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) is a key regulator of partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (p‐EMT) and is associated with tumorigenesis. Whether SNAI2 promotes oral leukoplakia (OLK) malignant transformation by modulating p‐EMT is unclear.Materials and MethodsThis study utilized two clinical datasets (GSE26549 and GSE85195) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, cytological experiments, and a 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide‐induced mice model to explore the role of SNAI2 in OLK malignant transformation.ResultsThe clinical cohort found SNAI2, as a risk factor (HR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.08–5.79, p = 0.033), could promote OLK malignant transformation (p = 0.012). Cytological experiments indicated that SNAI2 overexpression promoted DOK cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and increase the protein expression of p‐EMT relative signatures, whereas SNAI2 silencing has opposite effects. Furthermore, the mice model and clinical datasets demonstrated the expression of SNAI2 and p‐EMT relative signatures were increased with OLK malignant transformation. And SNAI2 was strongly correlated with p‐EMT. Besides, co‐expressed genes of SNAI2 were also enriched in p‐EMT relative biological processes and signaling pathways.Conclusionsp‐EMT plays a significant role in promoting the OLK malignant transformation. As an important regulator of p‐EMT, SNAI2 could be a target to block the OLK malignant transformation.
Arthroscopic Direct Anterior‐to‐Posterior Suture Suspension Fixation for the Treatment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Tao Tianqi , Yang Wengbo , Tao Xing , Li Yang , Zhang Kaibin , Jiang Yiqiu , Gui Jianchao 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesA posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment site is a specific type of PCL injury that is difficult and unpleasant to manage. The objective of this study is to report the preliminary results of a newly developed technique: arthroscopic endobutton‐suture fixation using a single tibial tunnel.MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2018, 120 patients with PCL avulsion fracture who met our criteria were recruited. Sixty cases were treated by arthroscopic direct anterior‐to‐posterior suture suspension fixation (endobutton‐suture group), and 60 cases were treated by arthroscopic screw‐suture fixation (screw‐suture group). All radiographic studies were recorded. The curative effect was evaluated by the range of motion (ROM), KT‐2000, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm scoring system. For statistical analysis the Student t‐test was used.ResultsThe average follow‐up duration was 24 months. Findings and difficulties in surgery are the following. The lax anterior cruciate ligament is one of the diagnostic criteria. The anatomic location of PCL avulsion fractures is deep and surrounded by nerves and vessels; thus, operating through this region is difficult. After each tunnel drilling, the debris at the edge of opening needs to be cleaned to avoid obscuring the operator's vision or wearing the sutures. In endobutton‐suture group, ROM improved from 0° preoperatively to 140.0° ± 5.6° at the last follow‐up (P < 0.001). The postoperative KT‐2000 arthrometric data at 90 N were available for all patients. The IKDC score was 23.6 ± 2.6 and 91.4 ± 4.1 pre‐ and postoperatively, respectively. The Tegner score improved from 1.2 ± 0.6 to 7.3 ± 2.3 (p < 0.001). The median Lysholm knee score increased from 40.4 ± 5.2 preoperatively to 90.1 ± 10.1 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The operative time was shorter in the endobutton‐suture group (p < 0.001). The Lysholm knee score in the endobutton‐suture group was lower than that in the endobutton‐suture group (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 4.2 ± 1.8, p < 0.01). No significant complications were noted in the study.ConclusionsThe arthroscopic direct anterior‐to‐posterior suture suspension fixation is a simple and reliable method that not only provides better clinical outcomes, but also fixes avulsion fragments of any size.
BnaCRCs with domestication preference positively correlate with the seed‐setting rate of canola
Authors: Qin Pei , Gao Jinxiang , Shen Wenhao , Wu Zengxiang , Dai Cheng , Wen Jing , Yi Bin , Ma Chaozhi , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Tu Jinxing 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYCanola (Brassica napus) is an important oil crop worldwide. The seed‐setting rate (SS) is a critical factor in determining its yield, and the development of pistils affects pollination and seed sets. However, research on seed‐setting defects has been limited owing to difficulties in the identification of phenotypes, mutations, and complex genetic mechanisms. In this study, we found a stigma defect (sd) mutant in B. napus, which had no nectary. The SS of sd mutants in the field was approximately 93.4% lower than that of the wild type. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy imaging of sd mutants showed a low density of stigma papillary cells and stigma papillary cell vacuoles that disappeared 16 h after flowering. Genetic analysis of segregated populations showed that two recessive nuclear genes are responsible for the mutant phenotype of sd. Based on re‐sequencing and map‐based cloning, we reduced the candidate sites on ChrA07 (BnaSSA07) and ChrC06 (BnaSSC06) to 30 and 67 kb, including six and eight predicted genes, respectively. Gene analyses showed that a pair of CRABS CLAW (CRC) homeologous genes at BnaSSA07 and BnaSSC06 were associated with the development of carpel and nectary. BnaSSA07.CRC and BnaSSC06.CRC candidate genes were found to be expressed in flower organs only, with significant differences in their expression in the pistils of the near‐isogenic lines. DNA sequencing showed transposon insertions in the upstream region and intron of the candidate gene BnaSSA07.crc. We also found that BnaSSC06.crc exists widely in the natural population and we give possible reasons for its widespread existence.
Phosphate (Pi) stress‐responsive transcription factors PdeWRKY6 and PdeWRKY65 regulate the expression of PdePHT1;9 to modulate tissue Pi concentration in poplar
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Zhang Keai , Nvsvrot Tashbek , Zhang Yan , Cai Guanghua , Huang Liyu , Ren Wenyu , Ding Yiwei , Hammond John P. , Shi Lei , Wang Nian 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYPhosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for plants. Here, we identify a WRKY transcription factor (TF) in poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus euramericana) (PdeWRKY65) that modulates tissue phosphate (Pi) concentrations in poplar. PdeWRKY65 overexpression (OE) transgenic lines showed reduced shoot Pi concentrations under both low and normal Pi availabilities, while PdeWRKY65 reduced expression (RE) lines showed the opposite phenotype. A gene encoding a Pi transporter (PHT), PdePHT1;9, was identified as the direct downstream target of PdeWRKY65 by RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq). The negative regulation of PdePHT1;9 expression by PdeWRKY65 was confirmed by DNA–protein interaction assays, including yeast one‐hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), co‐expression of the promoters of PdePHT1;9 and PdeWRKY65 in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves, and chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR. A second WRKY TF, PdeWRKY6, was subsequently identified and confirmed to positively regulate the expression of PdePHT1;9 by DNA–protein interaction assays. PdePHT1;9 and PdeWRKY6 OE and RE poplar transgenic lines were used to confirm their positive regulation of shoot Pi concentrations, under both normal and low Pi availabilities. No interaction between PdeWRKY6 and PdeWRKY65 was observed at the DNA or protein levels. Collectively, these data suggest that the low Pi‐responsive TFs PdeWRKY6 and PdeWRKY65 independently regulate the expression of PHT1;9 to modulate tissue Pi concentrations in poplar.
Does an Adjusted Kinematic Model Predict the Relative Eccentric Force During Nordic Curl?
Authors: da Rocha Maressa , Macedo Maria de C. , Batista Geyson de L. , Moura Viviane , Ferreira Kariny R. , Barbosa Michelle A. , Barbosa Alexandre C. 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to assess the combination of video-based kinematic variables adjusted by intrinsic covariates to predict the relative eccentric force (RelF) during the Nordic curl. The participants (n = 21) performed Nordic curls (3 trials; 3-min rest) on a device measuring the eccentric force. The peaks were normalized by body weight. Kinovea software was used to track angular and linear velocity and acceleration from recorded videos. Two prediction models with multiple linear regression equations associated kinematic, anthropometric, and age variables to adjust the actual RelF. The equations obtained the predicted RelF. The actual RelF was inversely correlated with height (r = −.52), tangential (r = −.50) and centripetal accelerations (r = −.715), and angular velocity (r = −.70). The best prediction models combined angular velocity with age (F2,18 = 15.1, P = .001, r = .792, r2 = .627) and with height (F2,18 = 14.5, P = .001, r = .785, r2 = .616). No differences were observed between actual and predicted values (P = .993−.994), with good levels of agreement and consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient = .77−.78; Cronbach α = .86−.87). Bland–Altman results showed high levels of agreement and low biases. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change ranges were 0.46 to 0.49 N/kg and 1.28 to 1.36 N/kg, respectively. Also, the percentage of standard error of measurement was below 10% (7.92%–8.35%). The coefficient of variation analysis returned a 14.54% and 15.13% for each model, respectively. Kinematic analysis offers portability and low cost to current expensive or technical impaired dynamometry-based techniques to assess the RelF.
Differentiation between carbonate and silicate metasomatism based on lithium isotopic compositions of alkali basalts
Authors: Tan Dong-Bo , Xiao Yilin , Dai Li-Qun , Sun He , Wang Yangyang , Gu Hai-Ou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbonate and silicate metasomatism occurring in subduction zones is an important mechanism underlying mantle heterogeneity and compositional diversity of mantle-derived rocks. However, distinguishing between the two kinds of metasomatism is often difficult. Lithium (Li) and its isotopes have great potential in this regard because of the different Li isotopic compositions of recycled marine carbonate and silicate components. We report Li isotopic data from Cenozoic and Mesozoic alkali basalts of the West Qinling orogen in central China. Relative to those for normal basalts, very high δ7Li values (up to +11.2‰) were observed for the Cenozoic alkali basalts, but significantly and systematically lower values (as low as −3.3‰) were estimated for the Mesozoic alkali basalts. Their abnormal Li isotopic compositions, combined with major- and trace-element contents and Sr-Mg isotope ratios, indicate that the Cenozoic and Mesozoic alkali basalts originated from carbonated and silicated mantle sources, respectively, reflecting metasomatism of the mantle by slab-derived carbonate and silicate melts during Paleotethyan oceanic subduction. Interactions of such melts with the mantle peridotite in subduction channels can account for the elemental and isotopic differences of the studied alkali basalts. The present study demonstrates an effective way to distinguish between carbonate and silicate metasomatism in subduction zones by studying Li isotopic compositions of alkali basalts and highlights the prospect of Li isotopes in tracing the deep carbon cycle.
Autobrecciation and fusing of mafic magma preceding explosive eruptions
Authors: Marshall Aaron A. , Manga Michael , Brand Brittany D. , Andrews Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bubble and crystal textures evolve during magma ascent, altering properties that control ascent such as permeability and viscosity. Eruption style results from feedbacks between ascent, bubble nucleation and growth, microlite crystallization, and gas loss, all processes recorded in pyroclasts. We show that pyroclasts of the mafic Curacautín ignimbrite of Llaima volcano, Chile, record a history of repeated autobrecciation, fusing, and crystallization. We identified pyroclasts with domains of heterogeneous vesicle textures in sharp contact with one another that are overprinted by extensive microlite crystallization. Broken crystals with long axes (l) &gt;10 μm record fragmentation events during the eruption. A second population of unbroken microlites with l ≤10 μm overprint sutures between fused domains, suggesting the highly crystalline groundmass formed at shallow depths after autobrecciation and fusing. Nearly all pyroclasts contain plutonic and ancestral Llaima lithics as inclusions, implying that fusing occurs from a few kilometers depth to as shallow as the surface. We propose that Curacautín ignimbrite magma autobrecciated during ascent and proto-pyroclasts remained melt rich enough to fuse together. Lithics from the conduit margins were entrained into the proto-pyroclasts before fusing. Autobrecciation broke existing phenocrysts and microlites; rapid post-fusing crystallization then generated the highly crystalline groundmass. This proposed conduit process has implications for interpreting the products of mafic explosive eruptions.
Prospects for the Use of Palladium from NPP Spent Nuclear Fuel and Ways to Design the Technology of its Recovery at a Radiochemical Enterprise
Authors: Pokhitonov Yu. A. , Tananaev I. G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The removal of platinoids (Pd, Rh, and Ru) from irradiated fuel the yield of which is kilograms per ton is a complex problem due to a number of technological and economic reasons. The paper proposes ways of a phased approach to the introduction of technology for the recovery of platinum-group metals (PGM) at one of the radiochemical enterprises. Information is presented on the dynamics of production volume and prices of PGMs in the world over the past decades and on the possibility of using reactor platinoids in various fields. According to the authors, it is of interest to consider the problem of isolating and using reactor Pd in ​​hydrogen power engineering and in the processing of waste from radiochemical enterprises.
Light-cone quantization of scalar field on time-dependent backgrounds
Authors: Arduino Andrea , Pesando Igor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe discuss what is light-cone quantization on a curved spacetime also without a null Killing vector. Then we consider as an example the light-cone quantization of a scalar field on a background with a Killing vector and the connection with the second quantization of the particle in the same background. It turns out that the proper way to define the light-cone quantization is to require that the constant light-cone time hypersurface is null or, equivalently, that the particle Hamiltonian is free of square roots. Moreover, in order to quantize the scalar theory it is necessary to use not the original scalar rather a scalar field density, i.e. the Schrödinger wave functional depends on a scalar density and not on the original field. Finally we recover this result as the second quantization of a particle on the same background, where it is necessary to add as input the fact that we are dealing with a scalar density.
Testing non-local gravity by clusters of galaxies
Authors: Bouchè Filippo , Capozziello Salvatore , Salzano Vincenzo , Umetsu Keiichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtended theories of gravity have been extensively investigated during the last thirty years, aiming at fixing infrared and ultraviolet shortcomings of General Relativity and of the associated$$\varLambda $$ΛCDM cosmological model. Recently, non-local theories of gravity have drawn increasing attention due to their potential to ameliorate both the ultraviolet and infrared behavior of gravitational interaction. In particular, Integral Kernel theories of Gravity provide a viable mechanism to explain the late time cosmic acceleration so as to avoid the introduction of any form of unknown dark energy. On the other hand, these models represent a natural link towards quantum gravity. Here, we study a scalar-tensor equivalent model of General Relativity corrected with non-local terms, where corrections are selected by the existence of Noether symmetries. After performing the weak field limit and generalizing the results to extended mass distributions, we analyse the non-local model at galaxy cluster scales, by comparing the theoretical predictions with gravitational lensing observations from the CLASH program. We obtain agreement with data at the same level of statistical significance as General Relativity. We also provide constraints for the Navarro–Frenk–White parameters and lower bounds for the non-local length scales. The results are finally compared with those from the literature.
Ray/Ribbon Intersections
Authors: Reshetov Alexander 
Published: July 2022

We present a new ray tracing primitive---a curved ribbon, which is embedded inside a ruled surface. We describe two such surfaces. Ribbons inside doubly ruled bilinear patches can be intersected by solving a quadratic equation. We also consider a singly ruled surface with a directrix defined by a quadratic Bézier curve and a generator---by two linearly interpolated bitangent vectors. Intersecting such a surface requires solving a cubic equation, but it provides more fine-tuned control of the ribbon shape.
These two primitives are smooth, composable, and allow fast non-iterative intersections. These are the first primitives that possess all such properties simultaneously.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of
CCR7
and
PKN2
in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance
Authors: Fang Chen , Wang Pengxia , Yu Dong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Gou Dongzhi , Liang Lina , Bai Xuemei , Xie Wen , Li Hui , Pu Jielin , Yao Yufeng , Wang Binbin , Ren Xiang , Ke Tie , Tu Xin , Xu Chengqi , Wang Qing K. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurs in structurally normal hearts and accounts for a significant number of all types of VT. The genome-wide association study is the most effective strategy for identifying novel genetic variants for common diseases. However, no genome-wide association study has been reported for idiopathic VT.

Methods:
We conducted the first genome-wide association study for idiopathic VT in the Chinese Han population using a discovery population with 246 cases and 648 controls and a replication population with 222 cases and >4072 controls. Candidate VT genes were functionally characterized in zebrafish. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the effects of candidate genes on expression of ion channels and regulators. Patch-clamping was used to record L-type calcium current from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with overexpression of candidate genes.

Results:

We identified 4 significant loci represented by rs78960694 (minor allele frequency [MAF]=5.02% in cases and 1.84% in controls;
P
=4.30×10
−
12, odds ratio [OR]=3.91) and rs2229095 (MAF=3.25% in cases and 1.63% in controls;
P
=1.02×10
−
7, OR=3.44) near and in
CCR7
, respectively, rs68126098 in
NELL1
(MAF=40.98% in cases and 32.07% in controls;
P=
2.40×10
−
8, OR=1.53), rs2390325 between
PKN2
and
LMO4
(MAF=21.19% in cases and 15.12% in controls;
P
=1.92×10
−
7, OR=1.62), and rs270065 in
CSMD1
(MAF=33.63% in cases and 40.25% in controls;
P
=9.51×10
−
7, OR=0.69). Note that the associations of idiopathic VT for
CCR7
variant rs78960694 and
NELL1
variant rs68126098 reach genome-wide significance (
P
<5.00×10
−
8). Overexpression of either
PKN2
or
CCR7
increased the heart rate in zebrafish, and enhanced expression of
CACNA1C, RYR2
, or
NOS1AP
in zebrafish embryos, HEK293, and AC16 cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of either
PKN2
or
CCR7
significantly increased L-type Ca2+ current density.

Conclusions:

The first genome-wide association study identifies 4 novel loci and 2 risk genes (
PKN2
and
CCR7
) for idiopathic VT. These findings identify new molecular determinants for cardiac calcium homeostasis and rhythm maintenance and provide novel targets for diagnosis and treatment for idiopathic VT.