bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term impacts of insect herbivores on plant populations and communities
Authors: Agrawal Anurag A. , Maron John L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

As major consumers of plants, insect herbivores have strong potential to influence long‐term patterns of plant abundance and community structure. Nonetheless, remarkably few manipulative experiments exclude insects for three or more years. Thus, how often, and under what conditions insects have enduring impacts remains unclear. Here we summarize the key conceptual issues and evidence from long‐term studies on the impact of insects on plant populations and communities.

Models that project effects of herbivores on plant population growth, based on demographic study, suggest that insects often limit plant asymptotic population growth. However, empirical estimations of insect impacts on plant abundance based on long‐term experimental studies are few. As such, the strength and conditionality of compensatory mechanisms (such as density dependence and seedbanks) that may dampen (or exacerbate) the negative effects of insects on plant populations remains unclear. The influences of insects on plant range size and limits, invasion success and biocontrol are well‐established research areas, but are also underexplored in long‐term experiments.

Insect herbivores can influence plant community structure and diversity, and change successional trajectories, often through modification of plant competitive ability. Nonetheless, effects are mostly known from mesic grasslands, take years to manifest and the extent of insect damage does not always predict their impact. The relative importance of specialist versus generalist herbivores is unclear, as is how feedbacks between plant productivity, herbivory and plant species richness contribute to community dynamics over time.

Synthesis. The few existing long‐term insect suppression experiments, and many short‐term studies, suggest that insect herbivores can importantly affect plant populations and communities. Although challenging, experimental studies spanning multiple plant generations could greatly enhance our ability to develop a more predictive framework for how insect herbivores influence plant populations and communities.
Smartphone‐based follow‐up of upper airway symptoms in head and neck cancer survivors one year after radiation therapy
Authors: Muñoz‐Vigueras Natalia , Obeso‐Benítez Paula , Jerviz‐Guía Vanesa , Rodríguez‐Torres Janet , Granados‐Santiago María , López‐López Laura , Valenza Marie C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundImprovements in treatment of head‐and‐neck cancer (HNC) have resulted in improved long‐term survival rates so there is a growing interest in long‐term consequences.ObjectiveThe aim was to perform a smartphone‐based assessment to analyse the upper airway dysfunction‐related symptoms in HNC 1 year after radiotherapy (RT) during social distancing due to COVID‐19.Methods & ProceduresSmartphone‐based assessment on upper airway function 1 year after RT was performed. Upper airway functions include perceived impact of voice on quality of life (Voice Handicap Index, VHI‐30), swallowing (Functional Oral Intake, FOIS; and Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire, SWAL‐QOL) and sleep‐disordered breathing (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) assessments. Additionally, quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire.Outcomes & ResultsThe HNC group presented worse results in the VHI‐30 scale, in the three subscales (p < 0.001). Swallowing function also presented worse results in the HNC group, with a lower score in the FOIS questionnaire (p < 0.001) and a poorer score in the SWAL‐QOL (p < 0.001). Regarding to the sleep‐disordered breathing, the HNC group presented poorer scores in all subscales (p < 0.05). The HNC group also presented worse scores in quality of life.ConclusionOur findings showed that HNC survivors presented a poorer upper airway function and a worse quality of life. This population needs to be systematically screened for those function impairments.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subjectHead‐and‐neck cancer radiotherapy treatment is anatomically related to the upper airway, involved in several functions such as breathing, swallowing and speech that could be affected by the treatment. Public health restrictions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic have made it difficult, and in many cases impossible, to see patients in person and complete assessments that are often crucial to improve their approach. Telephone interviews appear to be largely equivalent to face‐to‐face interviews, which could solve these problems.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThe aim of this study was to perform a smartphone‐based assessment to analyse the upper airway dysfunction‐related symptoms in head‐and‐neck cancer survivors 1 year after radiotherapy treatment. Our findings showed that head‐and‐neck cancer survivors who have been treated with radiotherapy presented a poorer upper airway function, with subjective speech and voice problems, swallowing and sleep‐disordered breathing compared to a control group matched for age and sex 1 year after the treatment.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?The results of this study will allow a better approach to treatment of head‐and‐neck cancer survivors.
Lidcombe Program translation to community clinics in Australia and England
Authors: O'Brian Sue , Hayhow Rosemarie , Jones Mark , Packman Ann , Iverach Lisa , Onslow Mark , Menzies Ross 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly intervention is essential healthcare for stuttering, and the translation of research findings to community settings is a potential roadblock to it.AimsThis study was designed to replicate and extend the Lidcombe Program community translation findings of O'Brian et al. (2013) but with larger participant numbers, incorporating clinicians (speech pathologists/speech anlanguage therapists) and their clients from Australia and England.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were 51 clinicians working in public and private clinics across Australia (n = 36) and England (n = 15), and 121 of their young stuttering clients and their families. Outcome measures were percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS), parent severity ratings at 9 months post‐recruitment, number of clinic visits to complete Stage 1 of the Lidcombe Program, and therapist drift.Outcomes & ResultsCommunity clinicians in both countries achieved similar outcomes to those from randomized controlled trials. Therapist drift emerged as an issue with community translation. Speech and language therapists in England attained outcomes 1.0%SS above the speech pathologists in Australia, although their scores were within the range attained in randomized trials.Conclusions & ImplicationsCommunity clinicians from Australia and England can attain Lidcombe Program outcome benchmarks established in randomized trials. This finding is reassuring in light of the controlled conditions in clinical trials of the Lidcombe Program compared with its conduct in community practice. The long‐term impact of therapist drift in community clinical practice with the Lidcombe Program has yet to be determined.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subjectThe Lidcombe Program is an efficacious early stuttering intervention. Translation to clinical communities has been studied with one Australian cohort.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeA larger translation cohort is studied, comprising community clinicians and children in Australia and England.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?Community clinicians from Australia and England can attain Lidcombe Program outcome benchmarks established in randomized trials. This finding is reassuring in light of the controlled conditions in clinical trials of the Lidcombe Program compared with its conduct in community practice.
Basotho blankets: ownership and appropriation
Authors: Pietilä Tuulikki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines claims of ownership and appropriation of Basotho blankets. Ingrained in the ritual and mundane reproduction of life among the Basotho people of Lesotho, the luminous blankets and their story have enticed many to deal in them. The blankets are manufactured and trademarked by Aranda Textile Mills, and in recent years they have been adapted by Basotho fashion designers, foreign private entrepreneurs, and the Louis Vuitton fashion house and depicted in Marvel's Black Panther film. The diversity of the actors involved has created a complex field of entitlement claims. The article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the processes through which actors claim, appropriate, and transform the value of ‘heritage’ items. This is done by viewing the actors’ efforts as ‘scale‐making projects’ across ‘regimes of value’ that aim to expand their ‘spatiotemporal control’ and by viewing the actors themselves as ‘brands’ posing as originators of value.
Associations between liver function parameters and poor clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Song Xiyu , Zha Yang , Liu Jing , He Peng , He Lijie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) have significantly lower survival rates compared with the general population of the same age. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective treatment for patients with ESRD, but the clinical outcome of PD patients is still not promising. The survival of PD patients is associated with various clinical factors, and exploring some valid risk predictors may be beneficial for this population. In this review, by integrating the latest research, we summarized the association of some common and novel liver function parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, serum bilirubin, pre‐albumin, albumin, albumin‐globulin ratio [AGR], serum ferritin, and hyaluronic acid) with clinical outcomes in PD patients. It may contribute to a better understanding of potential risk factors and help to develop strategies to prevent the disease progression.
Retrospective cohort analysis comparing changes in blood glucose level and body composition according to changes in thyroid‐stimulating hormone level
Authors: Kim Hyunah , Jung Da Young , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Cho Jae‐Hyoung , Yim Hyeon Woo , Kim Hun‐Sung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the euthyroid state, the risk of developing diabetes according to changes in thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels remains controversial. Additionally, the correlation of various body indices affecting blood glucose levels according to changes in TSH levels over a certain period is not well known.MethodsPatients who underwent health check‐ups twice at a 2 year interval at a tertiary university hospital between 2009 and 2018 were included. By dividing baseline TSH levels into quartiles (TSH_Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4), various variables were compared, and their changes after 2 years (∆TSH_Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) were confirmed.ResultsAmong 15 557 patients, the incidence of diabetes mellitus after 2 years was 2.4% (377/15 557 patients). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of diabetes according to TSH_Q (p = 0.243) or ∆TSH_Q (p = 0.131). However, as TSH levels increased, skeletal muscle mass decreased (p < 0.001), and body fat mass and percent body fat significantly increased (p < 0.001). As ∆TSH increased, ∆fasting blood glucose and ∆body mass index also significantly increased (all p < 0.001). The incidence of diabetes decreased significantly as skeletal muscle mass increased (odds ratio 0.734, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOwing to the short study period, it was not possible to prove a statistical relationship between the incidence of diabetes mellitus and TSH levels in the euthyroid state. Significant decreases in skeletal muscle mass and increases in body mass index and body fat mass according to baseline TSH levels were demonstrated. Therefore, a focus on improving physical functions, such as increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat, is required in this case.
Evaluation of pulmonary artery bleeding during thoracoscopic pulmonary resection for lung cancer
Authors: Tomoyasu Makoto , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Kudo Satoshi , Shigeeda Wataru , Kaneko Yuka , Yoshimura Ryuichi , Kanno Hironaga , Saito Hajime 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBleeding from the pulmonary artery (PA) can be fatal in video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer. We evaluated intraoperative PA injury and assessed precautions for thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary resection.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a total of 1098 patients who underwent radical surgery for lung cancer utilizing complete VATS from January 2010 to December 2021.ResultsA total of 16 patients (1.5%) had PA injury during VATS, while hemostasis was performed by conversion to thoracotomy in eight patients (50.0%). Although there was a significantly greater operation time and blood loss for patients in the PA injury group (318.4 vs. 264.9 min, p = 0.001; 550.3 vs. 60.5 g, p ≤ 0.001, respectively), there was no significant different for the chest tube insertion duration and length of postoperative hospital stay (4.9 vs. 7.8 days, p = 0.157; 10.6 vs. 9.9 days, p = 0.136, respectively). There was a significant difference observed for the surgical procedure related to the left upper lobectomy in the PA injury group (43.8 vs. 18.8%, p = 0.012), with the primary causative PA determined to be the left anterior segmental PA (A3) (31.3%).ConclusionsVATS is both feasible and safe for lung cancer treatment provided the surgeon performs appropriate hemostasis, although fatal vascular injury could potentially occur during VATS. Surgeons need to be aware of the pitfalls regarding PA dissection management.
Improving older adults stroke survivors’ decision‐making when selecting a discharge location: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Aoki Yoriko , Nakayama Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeDue to disability and reduced activities of daily living (ADL), older adult stroke survivors face difficulties deciding whether to receive care at home or move to a facility after discharge. The study aims to evaluate the impact of decision‐aid (DA) use on decision‐making participation and conflict regarding the selection of post‐discharge care locations for older adult stroke survivors and their families.Data sourcesA randomized controlled trial will be conducted among older adult stroke survivors at a medical rehabilitation facility during their recovery period. Randomization units will be blinded and allocated according to the patient's room, and the intervention period will be approximately 2 months, from admission to discharge. The study participants will include (1) people over 65 years of age, (2) stroke survivors, and (3) those facing the need to make decisions regarding the location of post‐discharge care. However, those who have difficulty making their own decisions due to severe dementia, aphasia, or altered consciousness will be excluded. In the intervention group, a DA will be provided with its utilization confirmed approximately 1 month after hospitalization. Similarly, the control group will be provided with an informative brochure, with the provision being confirmed approximately 1 month after hospitalization.Data synthesisThe primary outcome (decision‐making conflict) and secondary outcome (decision‐making participation) will be evaluated using the decisional conflict scale (DCS) and revised control preference scale (CPS), respectively. Intergroup differences in DCS and CPS will be analyzed using two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance and z‐test, respectively.ConclusionsVerification using randomized controlled trials is necessary to determine the effectiveness and versatility of DAs.Implications for nursing practiceBy deepening the knowledge of our priority research areas, the results of the proposed study will strengthen our fundamental knowledge by revealing older adult stroke survivors’ care preferences after discharge.
Exploring the relationships between adolescent alcohol misuse and later life health outcomes
Authors: Pascale Angela , Stephenson Mallory , Barr Peter , Latvala Antti , Aaltonen Sari , Piirtola Maarit , Viken Richard , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Maes Hermine , Dick Danielle M. , Salvatore Jessica E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to clarify the impact of adolescent alcohol misuse on adult physical health and subjective well‐being. To do so, we investigated both the direct associations between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife physical health and life satisfaction and the indirect effects on these outcomes attributable to subsequent alcohol problems.MethodThe sample included 2733 twin pairs (32% monozygotic; 52% female) from the FinnTwin16 study. Adolescent alcohol misuse was a composite of frequency of drunkenness, frequency of alcohol use, and alcohol problems at ages 16, 17, and 18.5. The early midlife outcomes included somatic symptoms, self‐rated health, and life satisfaction at age 34. The mediators examined as part of the indirect effect analyses included alcohol problems from the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index at ages 24 and 34. Serial mediation and co‐twin comparison models were applied and included covariates from adolescence and early midlife.ResultsThere were weak direct associations between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife physical health and life satisfaction. However, there was stronger evidence for indirect effects, whereby young adult and early midlife alcohol problems serially mediated the relationship between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife somatic symptoms (β = 0.03, 95% CI [0.03, 0.04]), self‐rated health (β = −0.02, 95% CI [−0.03, −0.01]), and life satisfaction (β = −0.03, CI [−0.04, −0.02]). These serial mediation effects were robust in co‐twin comparison analyses.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that alcohol problems are a primary driver linking adolescent alcohol misuse and poor health outcomes across the lifespan.
What affects the public healthcare costs of breast cancer in New Zealand?
Authors: Lao Chunhuan , Mondal Mohana , Kuper‐Hommel Marion , Campbell Ian , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundsThe pressure to the healthcare system for providing ongoing monitoring and treatment for breast cancer survivors is increasing. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the public healthcare costs of stage I–III breast cancer and stage IV cancer in New Zealand.MethodsWe identified women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2018 and who received services in a public hospital. Patients were identified from the National Breast Cancer Register and/or New Zealand Cancer Registry and were linked to the national administrative datasets. A two‐part model was used to identify the factors that affect the public healthcare costs of stage I–III breast cancer and stage IV cancer.ResultsWe identified 16,977 stage I–III and 1,093 stage IV breast cancer patients eligible for this study. The costs of stage I–III cancer in the second to fifth year post diagnosis decreased over time, and the costs of stage IV cancer in the first year post diagnosis increased over time. After adjustment for other factors, the costs of stage I–IV cancer decreased with age but increased with cancer stage. HER2+ cancers had the highest costs, followed by triple negative cancers. After adjustment for other factors, Pacific and Asian women had lower costs, and Māori had similar costs compared to others. For stage I–III cancers, women living in nonmajor urban areas had a higher chance of incurring costs in follow‐up years, and screen detected patients and patients having any services in a private hospital had a decreased probability of receiving any public healthcare services.ConclusionsPacific women had higher costs than others, but after adjustment for cancer stage, subtype, and other factors, they had lower costs than others. The early detection and better management of stage I–III breast cancer can lead to better outcome and lower costs in follow‐up years.
Real‐world outcomes of cisplatin, capecitabine, and gemcitabine with either epirubicin (PEXG) or docetaxel (PDXG) as first‐line palliative treatment in metastatic or unresectable locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hitchen Nadia , Waldron Nick R. , Deva Sanjeev , Findlay Michael , Lawrence Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFirst‐line palliative chemotherapy regimens in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma include triplet chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, and the doublet of nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. Use of triplet chemotherapy in real‐world populations is limited by tolerability and nab‐paclitaxel is not universally available. Regimens using the combination of cisplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and either epirubicin or docetaxel may be better tolerated, more widely available, and similarly effective, but no published real‐world data exist.MethodsA retrospective cohort review of patients with metastatic or unresectable locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with first‐line palliative cisplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and either epirubicin or docetaxel chemotherapy at Auckland City Hospital between July 1, 2013 and July 30, 2020. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were rates of grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity, rate of febrile neutropenia, number of cycles received, and reasons for discontinuation.ResultsEighty‐eight patients were included. Median age was 66 years (range 39–79), 28.4% had unresectable, locally advanced disease and 71.6% metastatic disease. Median OS was 8.5 months. Patients stopped treatment due to disease progression (53.4%), completing 12 cycles (19.3%), or toxicity (10.2%). Grade 4 neutropenia was experienced by 21.6%; 10.2% had febrile neutropenia. There were four treatment‐related deaths.ConclusionThis retrospective study in a real‐world population demonstrates that chemotherapy with cisplatin, capecitabine, and gemcitabine with epirubicin (PEXG) or docetaxel (PDXG) had similar effectiveness to more commonly used combination regimens. PDXG/PEXG are viable alternatives to nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in countries that have restricted drug funding.