bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease burden and demographic characteristics of mucormycosis: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan, 2006–2017
Authors: Shih Hsin‐I , Huang Yi‐Ting , Wu Chi‐Jung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological knowledge of mucormycosis obtained from national population‐based databases is scarce.ObjectivesThis study aimed to depict the disease burden and demographics of mucormycosis in Taiwan by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and those of aspergillosis as a comparator.MethodsData from patients with either mucormycosis or aspergillosis from 2006 to 2017 identified with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were extracted from the NHIRD. The incidence, demographics and clinical data of both diseases were analysed.ResultsA total of 204 patients with mucormycosis and 2270 patients with aspergillosis who were hospitalised and treated with mould‐active antifungals between 2006 and 2017 were identified. The average annual incidence of aspergillosis (0.81 cases per 100,000 population [0.81/100,000]) was 11‐fold higher than that of mucormycosis (0.07/100,000). A significant increase in incidence was observed for aspergillosis (from 0.48/100,000 in 2006 to 1.19/100,000 in 2017, p < .0001) but not for mucormycosis (from 0.04/100,000 in 2006 to 0.11/100,000 in 2017, p = .07). The major underlying disease identified was diabetes mellitus (60.8%) for mucormycosis and malignant neoplasms (45.9%) for aspergillosis. The all‐cause 90‐day mortality rate was similar between mucormycosis and aspergillosis patients (39% vs. 37%, p = .60). For mucormycosis patients, multivariate analysis revealed that posaconazole use was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15–0.97; p = .04).ConclusionsMucormycosis is an uncommon fungal disease in Taiwan, occurring mostly in diabetic patients. However, the incidence might be underestimated due to limited diagnostics. Continuous surveillance might aid in delineating the evolving features of mucormycosis.
miR169o and ZmNF‐YA13 act in concert to coordinate the expression of ZmYUC1 that determines seed size and weight in maize kernels
Authors: Zhang Min , Zheng Hongyan , Jin Lian , Xing Lijuan , Zou Junjie , Zhang Lan , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Xu Miaoyun , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in seed development and emerge as new key targets for engineering grain size and yield. The Zma‐miRNA169 family is highly expressed during maize seed development, but its functional roles in seed development remain elusive.

Here, we generated zma‐miR169o and ZmNF‐YA13 transgenic plants. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed on these lines. Seed development and auxins contents were investigated.

Overexpression of maize miRNA zma‐miR169o increases seed size and weight, whereas the opposite is true when its expression is suppressed. Further studies revealed that zma‐miR169 acts by negatively regulating its target gene, a transcription factor ZmNF‐YA13 that also plays a key role in determining seed size. We demonstrate that ZmNF‐YA13 regulates the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene ZmYUC1, which modulates auxin levels in the early developing seeds and determines the number of endosperm cells, thereby governing maize seed size and ultimately yield.

Overall, our present study has identified zma‐miR169o and ZmNF‐YA13 that form a functional module regulating auxin accumulation in maize seeds and playing an important role in determining maize seed size and yield, providing a set of novel molecular tools for yield improvement in molecular breeding and genetic engineering.
Intra‐Operative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Patients with Intraspinal Abnormalities Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion
Authors: Qiu Junyin , Liu Wanyou , Shi Benlong , Li Yang , Yan Huang , Zhu Zezhang , Liu Zhen , Sun Xu , Qiu Yong 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo analyze the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) data of patients with intraspinal abnormalities undergoing posterior spinal fusion and to determine how intraspinal abnormalities influence IONM results.MethodsPatients with severe kyphoscoliosis and intraspinal abnormalities who underwent posterior spinal correction and fusion between September 2015 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Candidate intraspinal abnormalities included Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, split cord malformation, and tethered cord syndrome. Total intravenous anesthesia was administered, and no muscle relaxant or inhalation anesthesia was used for maintenance. IONM data, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP), were recorded. The P37 and N50 latencies and amplitude were recorded for SSEP, whereas only the amplitude was recorded for MEP. The possible high‐risk factors for abnormal IONM results were analyzed.ResultsThe current study included 87 patients (40 men, 47 women) with an average age of 20.2 ± 10.4 years. The etiologies were neuromuscular in 45 patients, idiopathic in four, and congenital in 38. A total of 136 intraspinal abnormalities were detected, including Chiari malformation in 33 patients, syringomyelia in 55, split‐cord malformation in 25, and tethered cord syndrome in 23. Forty patients had one intraspinal abnormality, whereas 47 patients had two or three intraspinal abnormalities. The monitorabilities were 87.4% and 97.7% for the SSEP and MEP, respectively. SSEP alerts were reported in five patients and MEP alerts in four patients, and new neurological deficits were observed in three patients postoperatively. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 97.3% for SSEP, and 100% and 98.8% for MEP, respectively. A significant difference in MEP amplitude between the concave and convex sides was observed, while significantly higher SSEP latency was observed on the concave side in patients with preoperative neurological deficits. There were 52 (59.8%) patients with abnormal IONM data. Preoperative neurological deficits (χ2 = 7.715, p = 0.005) and more than one intraspinal abnormality (χ2 = 9.186, p = 0.004) indicated a higher risk of abnormal IONM data.ConclusionsIONM can be effectively used in patients with intraspinal abnormalities who undergo posterior spinal fusion. Patients with preoperative neurological deficits and more than one intraspinal abnormality have a higher risk of abnormal IONM monitoring.
Digital Elevation Model‐Assisted Aerial Triangulation Method On An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sweeping Camera System
Authors: Zhao Xinbo , Zhou Qi , Dong Jieke , Duan Yansong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sweeping camera systems in the surveying and mapping industry are usually efficient in image acquisition, for the photography coverage of a single strip is relatively large. The triangulation angle of correspondence is overly tiny to adopt traditional block adjustment (BA). This study analysed the imaging principle of the Chinese APS7K comprehensive camera system and proposed an aerial triangulation method for the data this system acquired. The proposed method first determines the adjacent matrix from the POS data and trajectory information. The other part of the method is to overcome the weak relative geometry in a single strip by introducing the digital elevation model (DEM) data into the block adjustment scheme. The optimal solution of adjustment is obtained by iteratively solving the problem. We verified the optimisation's effectiveness by checking stitched orthophoto and check points from Google Earth. The results show that mosaic discrepancy is eliminated, the reprojection error is reduced to subpixel level, and positioning accuracy is better than 0.4 meter (ground sample distance is 0.2 meter) after adjustment with ground control points. Finally, the method’s shortcomings and prospects are summarized.
Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Criegee Intermediates
Authors: Karsili Tolga N. V. , Marchetti Barbara , Lester Marsha I. , Ashfold Michael N. R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTInterest in Criegee intermediates (CIs), often termed carbonyl oxides, and their role in tropospheric chemistry has grown massively since the demonstration of laboratory‐based routes to their formation and characterization in the gas phase. This article reviews current knowledge regarding the electronic spectroscopy of atmospherically relevant CIs like CH2OO, CH3CHOO, (CH3)2COO and larger CIs like methyl vinyl ketone oxide and methacrolein oxide that are formed in the ozonolysis of isoprene, and of selected conjugated carbene‐derived CIs of interest in the synthetic chemistry community. Of the aforementioned atmospherically relevant CIs, all except CH2OO and (CH3)2COO exist in different conformers which, under tropospheric conditions, can display strikingly different thermal loss rates via unimolecular and bimolecular processes. Calculated photolysis rates based on their absorption properties suggest that solar photolysis will rarely be a significant contributor to the total loss rate for any CI under tropospheric conditions. Nonetheless, there is ever‐growing interest in the absorption cross sections and primary photochemistry of CIs following excitation to the strongly absorbing 1ππ* state, and how this varies with CI, with conformer and with excitation wavelength. The later part of this review surveys the photochemical data reported to date, including a range of studies that demonstrate prompt photo‐induced fission of the terminal O–O bond, and speculates about possible alternate decay processes that could occur following non‐adiabatic coupling to, and dissociation from, highly internally excited levels of the electronic ground state of a CI.
On the haemodynamic consequence of the chemoreflex and muscle mechanoreflex interaction in women and men: two tales, one story
Authors: Wan Hsuan‐Yu , Weavil Joshua C. , Thurston Taylor S. , Georgescu Vincent P. , Morrissey Candice K. , Amann Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe cardiovascular response resulting from the individual activation of the muscle mechanoreflex (MMR) or the chemoreflex (CR) is different between men and women. Whether the haemodynamic consequence resulting from the interaction of these sympathoexcitatory reflexes is also sex‐dependent remains unknown. MMR and CR were activated by passive leg movement (LM) and exposure to hypoxia (O2‐CR) or hypercapnia (CO2‐CR), respectively. Twelve young men and 12 young women completed two experimental protocols: (1) resting in normoxia (PETO2: ∼83 mmHg, PETCO2: ∼34 mmHg), normocapnic hypoxia (PETO2: ∼48 mmHg, PETCO2: ∼34 mmHg) and hyperoxic hypercapnia (PETO2: ∼524 mmHg, PETCO2: ∼44 mmHg); (2) LM under the same gas conditions. During the MMR:O2‐CR coactivation, in men, the observed mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) were not different (additive effect), while the observed leg blood flow (LBF) and vascular conductance (LVC) were significantly lower (hypo‐additive), compared with the sum of the responses elicited by each reflex alone. In women, the observed MAP was not different (additive) while the observed CO, LBF and LVC were significantly greater (hyper‐additive), compared with the summated responses. During the MMR:CO2‐CR coactivation, in men, the observed MAP, CO and LBF were not different (additive), while the observed LVC was significantly lower (hypo‐additive), compared with the summated responses. In women, the observed MAP was significantly higher (hyper‐additive), while the observed CO, LBF and LVC were not different (additive), compared with the summated responses. The interaction of the MMR and CR has a pronounced influence on the autonomic cardiovascular control, with the haemodynamic consequences differing between men and women.
imageKey points
The cardiovascular response resulting from the activation of the muscle mechanoreflex (MMR) or the chemoreflex (CR) was previously shown to be different between women and men; this study focused on the haemodynamic consequence of the interaction of these two sympathoexcitatory reflexes.
MMR and CR were activated by passive leg movement and exposure to hypoxia (O2‐CR) or hypercapnia (CO2‐CR), respectively.
Individual and interactive reflex effects on central and peripheral haemodynamics were quantified in healthy young women and men.
In men, the MMR:O2‐CR and MMR:CO2‐CR interactions restricted peripheral haemodynamics, likely by potentiating sympathetic vasoconstriction.
In women, the MMR:O2‐CR interaction facilitated central and peripheral haemodynamics, likely by potentiating sympathetic vasodilatation; however, the MMR:CO2‐CR interaction was simply additive for the central and peripheral haemodynamics.
The interaction between the MMR and the CR exerts a profound influence on the autonomic control of cardiovascular function in humans, with the haemodynamic consequences differing between women and men.
Design and Optimization of Energy Consumption for a Low-Rise Building With Seasonal Variations Under Composite Climate of India
Authors: Verma Rahul , Kumar Sumit , Rakshit Dibakar , Premachandran B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The need for maintaining thermal comfort conditions inside the building is a significant contributor to the total energy requirements of the buildings. Thus far, limited research has offered some strategies to mitigate the effect of ambient conditions on the thermal comfort and the building energy requirements for composite climatic zone in India. In order to address this problem, this study was conducted to evaluate and analyze the impacts of four different passive design strategies, i.e., insulation, cool roof, phase change material (PCM) thermal storage system, and shading, on thermal comfort and energy demand in the two-storey building situated in the composite climate zone of Delhi, India. The results obtained by numerical simulation for four different cities, i.e., Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, and Indore, have been compared to study the effect of local climatic and seasonal variations within the composite climatic zones. The simulations were conducted using the Design Builder software to capture results for one year. The results indicate that no single passive design strategy is sufficient to maintain comfortable conditions inside the building. The cool roof provides significant benefits in combination with other passive technologies in all seasons except for December, January, and February. The combination of insulation and PCM is useful for winter conditions. Energy saving of up to 20.5% is possible using the combination of all four passive strategies, whereas the cool roof alone gives an 18% reduction in energy load. The PCM with a melting point of about 32 °C is suggested for the cities under study.
Protocol for process evaluation of SMART Mental Health cluster randomised control trial: an intervention for management of common mental disorders in India
Authors: Mukherjee Ankita , Daniel Mercian , Kallakuri Sudha , Kaur Amanpreet , Devarapalli Siddhardha , Raman Usha , Thornicroft Graham , Essue Beverley M , Praveen D , Sagar Rajesh , Kant Shashi , Saxena Shekhar , Patel Anushka , Peiris David , Maulik Pallab K 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionIn India about 95% of individuals who need treatment for common mental disorders like depression, stress and anxiety and substance use are unable to access care. Stigma associated with help seeking and lack of trained mental health professionals are important barriers in accessing mental healthcare. Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral and Treatment (SMART) Mental Health integrates a community-level stigma reduction campaign and task sharing with the help of a mobile-enabled electronic decision support system (EDSS)—to reduce psychiatric morbidity due to stress, depression and self-harm in high-risk individuals. This paper presents and discusses the protocol for process evaluation of SMART Mental Health.Methods and analysisThe process evaluation will use mixed quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate implementation fidelity and identify facilitators of and barriers to implementation of the intervention. Case studies of six intervention and two control clusters will be used. Quantitative data sources will include usage analytics extracted from the mHealth platform for the trial. Qualitative data sources will include focus group discussions and interviews with recruited participants, primary health centre doctors, community health workers (Accredited Social Health Activits) who participated in the project and local community leaders. The design and analysis will be guided by Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations, the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, and the normalisation process theory.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of the George Institute for Global Health, India and the Institutional Ethics Committee, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Findings of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, stakeholder meetings, digital and social media platforms.Trial registration numberCTRI/2018/08/015355.
Exploring the potential impact of the proposed UK TV and online food advertising regulations: a concept mapping study
Authors: Forde Hannah , Boyland Emma J , Scarborough Peter , Smith Richard , White Martin , Adams Jean 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesIn July 2020 the UK Government announced an intention to restrict advertisements for products high in fat, salt or sugar on live broadcast, catch-up and on-demand television before 21:00 hours; and paid for online advertising. As no other jurisdiction has implemented similar regulations, there is no empirical evidence about how they might perturb the food system. To guide the regulations’ implementation and evaluation, we aimed to develop a concept map to hypothesise their potential consequences for the commercial food system, health and society.MethodsWe used adapted group concept mapping in four virtual workshops with food marketing and regulation experts across academia, civil society, government organisations, and industry (n=14), supported by Miro software. We merged concepts derived from the four workshops to develop a master map and then invited feedback from participants via email to generate a final concept map.ResultsThe concept map shows how the reactions of stakeholders to the regulations may reinforce or undermine the impact on the commercial food system, health and society. The map shows adaptations made by stakeholders that could reinforce, or undermine, positive impacts on public health. It also illustrates potential weaknesses in the design and implementation of the regulations that could result in little substantial difference to public health.ConclusionsPrior to the regulations’ initial implementation or subsequent iterations, they could be altered to maximise the potential for reinforcing adaptations, minimise the potential for undermining adaptations and ensure they cover a wide range of advertising opportunities and foods. The concept map will also inform the design of an evaluation of the regulations and could be used to inform the design and evaluation of similar regulations elsewhere.
Preidentification of high-risk pregnancies to improve triaging at the time of admission and management of complications in labour room: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Kumari Prabha , Singh Mahtab , Sinha Shailja , Ranjan Rajeev , Arora Prachi , Rani Sunita , Aggarwal Aparna , Aggarwal Kanika , Gupta Shefali 
Published: June 2022

Complications can occur anytime during pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnancies associated with high-risk factors have a higher-than-normal risk for fetomaternal complications. Bhagwan Mahavir hospital is a public sector hospital catering to low-risk and high-risk pregnant women (PW) in the labour room (LR)). The obstetrics and gynaecology team observed that at times the LR team failed to identify high-risk pregnancy (HRP) during admission in LR and to manage complications timely and efficiently. Therefore, the team started a quality improvement (QI) project in January 2019 with the aim to admit preidentified HRP in LR from existing 0% to 80% in 3 months.The QI team followed the point-of-care quality improvement methodology to conduct this improvement process. They identified HRP in the outpatient department (OPD) during their antenatal care (ANC) visits, mentioned an HRP number on their ANC cards, and did risk stratification with yellow and red stickers into moderate and severe HRP respectively. Preidentified HRP were attended, admitted and managed on priority in the LR. The team achieved its aim in the ninth week of the QI initiative and sustaining to date. The team also measured and analysed the type of HRP identified in OPD, complications occurring around the process of childbirth in LR, maternal near-miss, maternal death and PW referred out from LR. They observed a 6.5%-point reduction (68.93%) in the median complication rate of major life-threatening complications following this improvement process.This new intervention facilitated the team in early initiation of management of HRP in OPD, their triaging in LR, preparedness towards managing complications, involvement of support staff, PW and their relatives in the patient care, and redistribution of human resources according to priority area. The lessons learnt are generalisable and can be used in other facilities with similar settings.
Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio as an indicator for disease progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Achaiah Andrew , Rathnapala Amila , Pereira Andrea , Bothwell Harriet , Dwivedi Kritica , Barker Rosie , Iotchkova Valentina , Benamore Rachel , Hoyles Rachel K , Ho Ling-Pei 
Published: June 2022

RationaleIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease. Patients present at different stages and disease course is varied. Blood monocytes have been linked to all-cause mortality, and neutrophils to progression to IPF in patients with the indeterminate for usual interstitial pneumonia CT pattern.ObjectiveTo determine association between blood monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes levels (and their derived indexes), with lung function decline and mortality in IPF.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of an IPF cohort (n=128) who had their first clinical visit at the Oxford Interstitial Lung Disease Service between 2013 and 2017. Association between blood monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and derived indexes (within 4 months of visit) and decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess time-to-event for 10% FVC decline and mortality for patients dichotomised to high and low leucocyte counts.ResultsMedian length of follow-up was 31.0 months (IQR 16.2–42.4); 41.4% demonstrated FVC decline >10% per year and 43.8% died. In multivariate models (incorporating age, gender and initial FVC%), raised neutrophils, lymphopaenia and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were associated with FVC decline (p≤0.01); while both monocytes and neutrophil levels (and their derived indexes) were associated with all-cause mortality (p≤0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed association between neutrophils and its derived indexes but not monocyte, with FVC decline.ConclusionBlood neutrophil and lymphopaenia are more sensitive than monocytes as prognostic indicators of disease progression in those with established IPF.