bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of being CAFs (in cancer resistance to targeted therapies)
Authors: Rizzolio Sabrina , Giordano Silvia , Corso Simona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the last two decades, clinical oncology has been revolutionized by the advent of targeted drugs. However, the efficacy of these therapies is significantly limited by primary and acquired resistance, that relies not only on cell-autonomous mechanisms but also on tumor microenvironment cues. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are extremely plastic cells of the tumor microenvironment. They not only produce extracellular matrix components that build up the structure of tumor stroma, but they also release growth factors, chemokines, exosomes, and metabolites that affect all tumor properties, including response to drug treatment. The contribution of CAFs to tumor progression has been deeply investigated and reviewed in several works. However, their role in resistance to anticancer therapies, and in particular to molecular therapies, has been largely overlooked. This review specifically dissects the role of CAFs in driving resistance to targeted therapies and discusses novel CAF targeted therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival.
The landscape of hervRNAs transcribed from human endogenous retroviruses across human body sites
Authors: She Jianqi , Du Minghao , Xu Zhanzhan , Jin Yueqi , Li Yu , Zhang Daoning , Tao Changyu , Chen Jian , Wang Jiadong , Yang Ence 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient retroviruses, account for 8% of the human genome, but most have lost their transcriptional abilities under physiological conditions. However, mounting evidence shows that several expressed HERVs do exert biological functions. Here, we systematically characterize physiologically expressed HERVs and examine whether they may give insight into the molecular fundamentals of human development and disease.

Results
We systematically identify 13,889 expressed HERVs across normal body sites and demonstrate that they are expressed in body site-specific patterns and also by sex, ethnicity, and age. Analyzing cis-ERV-related quantitative trait loci, we find that 5435 hervRNAs are regulated by genetic variants. Combining this with a genome-wide association study, we elucidate that the dysregulation of expressed HERVs might be associated with various complex diseases, particularly neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. We further find that physiologically activated hervRNAs are associated with histone modifications rather than DNA demethylation.

Conclusions
Our results present a locus-specific landscape of physiologically expressed hervRNAs, which represent a hidden layer of genetic architecture in development and disease.
A malware detection system using a hybrid approach of multi-heads attention-based control flow traces and image visualization
Authors: Ullah Farhan , Srivastava Gautam , Ullah Shamsher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAndroid is the most widely used mobile platform, making it a prime target for malicious attacks. Therefore, it is imperative to effectively circumvent these attacks. Recently, machine learning has been a promising solution for malware detection, which relies on distinguishing features. While machine learning-based malware scanners have a large number of features, adversaries can avoid detection by using feature-related expertise. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the Android security industry is to consistently propose cutting-edge features that can detect suspicious activity. This study presents a novel feature representation approach for malware detection that combines API-Call Graphs (ACGs) with byte-level image representation. First, the reverse engineering procedure is used to obtain the Java programming codes and Dalvik Executable (DEX) file from Android Package Kit (APK). Second, to depict Android apps with high-level features, we develop ACGs by mining API-Calls and API sequences from Control Flow Graph (CFG). The ACGs can act as a digital fingerprint of the actions taken by Android apps. Next, the multi-head attention-based transfer learning method is used to extract trained features vector from ACGs. Third, the DEX file is converted to a malware image, and the texture features are extracted and highlighted using a combination of FAST (Features from Accelerated Segment Test) and BRIEF (Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features). Finally, the ACGs and texture features are combined for effective malware detection and classification. The proposed method uses a customized dataset prepared from the CIC-InvesAndMal2019 dataset and outperforms state-of-the-art methods with 99.27% accuracy.
Posterior hamstring harvest improves aesthetic satisfaction and decreases sensory complications as compared to the classic anterior approach in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery
Authors: García Hernández Jesús Manuel , López-Vidriero Tejedor Emilio , Castañeda González Sofía , Yrayzoz Fuentes Joaquín , Periáñez Moreno Rafael , Saval Benítez Jose María , Carrascal Aldana Guillermo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The use of the posterior approach for harvesting hamstring grafts has recently become popular thanks to new all-inside techniques and retrograde drills. This study aims to compare the classic anterior approach with the posterior approach in the popliteal fossa.

Methods
Retrospective comparative study of 100 consecutive cases of primary ligamentoplasty performed using ipsilateral semitendinosus autograft with at least one year of follow-up. 50 patients with anterior approach (group A) and 50 patients with posterior approach (P). Ratio men/women: 9/1. Mean age: 32 ± 13 years. Mean operative time: 64.88 ± 12.28 min.

Study variables
Graft harvest time; intraoperative complications (semitendinous [ST] tendon cut); postoperative neurological complications (allodynia, paresthesia, pain) or hematoma in the donor area; atrophy of the operated thigh compared to the contralateral thigh, postoperative VAS score, aesthetic satisfaction and overall satisfaction.

Results
Graft harvest time of 9.5 min in group A versus 5.25 min in group P (p < 0.05). Sensory complications: 16% in group A versus 2% in group P (p < 0.05). Regarding the patient’s evaluation of the aesthetic result of the surgery, 80% in group A and 92% in group P were very satisfied, 16% in group A and 8% in group P were satisfied and 4% in group A and no patients in group P not very satisfied (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in terms of total operative time, postoperative joint movement, atrophy of the operated thigh, postoperative VAS, or overall patient satisfaction.

Conclusions
The posterior approach to harvesting the ipsilateral hamstring graft obtained better results than the anterior approach in terms of aesthetic satisfaction of the patient, lower rate of neurological complications (allodynia, paresthesias and hypoesthesia in the anterior region of the knee and leg) and shorter hamstring harvest time.

Level of evidence
IV.
The role of pre-pandemic depression for changes in depression, anxiety, and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a longitudinal probability sample of adults from Germany
Authors: Benke Christoph , Asselmann Eva , Entringer Theresa M. , Pané-Farré Christiane A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to delineate the role of preexisting depression for changes in common mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsUsing mixed-effects linear regression models, we analyzed data on the course of depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2) symptoms as well as loneliness (three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale) in a subset of the Socio-Economic Panel Study, a large and nationally representative household panel study from Germany. Participants were assessed during the first COVID-19 wave in Germany (March 31 to July 4, 2020;n= 6,694) and prospectively followed up at the peak of the second COVID-19 wave (January 18 to February 15, 2021;n= 6,038).ResultsOverall, anxiety and depressive symptoms decreased, whereas loneliness increased from the first to the second COVID-19 wave. However, depressive symptoms increased and the surge in loneliness was steeper in those with versus without clinically relevant depressive symptoms in 2019 or a history of a depressive disorder before the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety symptoms remained stable throughout the pandemic in individuals with versus without clinically relevant depressive symptoms in 2019. Pre-pandemic depression was associated with overall higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness across both assessments. The stringency of lockdown measures did not affect the results.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that individuals with a history of depressive symptoms before the COVID-19 pandemic are at increased risk to experience an escalation of mental health problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, they might particularly profit from targeted prevention and early intervention programs.
Chimeric 3D gastruloids – a versatile tool for studies of mammalian peri-gastrulation development
Authors: Wehmeyer Alexandra E. , Schüle Katrin M. , Conrad Alexandra , Schröder Chiara M. , Probst Simone , Arnold Sebastian J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Stem cell-derived three-dimensional (3D) gastruloids show a remarkable capacity of self-organisation and recapitulate many aspects of gastrulation stage mammalian development. Gastruloids can be rapidly generated and offer several experimental advantages, such as scalability, observability and accessibility for manipulation. Here, we present approaches to further expand the experimental potency of murine 3D gastruloids by using functional genetics in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to generate chimeric gastruloids. In chimeric gastruloids, fluorescently labelled cells of different genotypes harbouring inducible gene expression or loss-of-function alleles are combined with wild-type cells. We showcase this experimental approach in chimeric gastruloids of mESCs carrying homozygous deletions of the Tbx transcription factor brachyury or inducible expression of Eomes. Resulting chimeric gastruloids recapitulate reported Eomes and brachyury functions, such as instructing cardiac fate and promoting posterior axial extension, respectively. Additionally, chimeric gastruloids revealed previously unrecognised phenotypes, such as the tissue sorting preference of brachyury deficient cells to endoderm and the cell non-autonomous effects of brachyury deficiency on Wnt3a patterning along the embryonic axis, demonstrating some of the advantages of chimeric gastruloids as an efficient tool for studies of mammalian gastrulation.
O Soft Power da Política Externa Japonesa: o caso Nintendo no modelo Cool Japan (2004-2011) | The Soft power of Japanese Foreign Policy: the Nintendo case in the Cool Japan model (2004-2011)
Authors: Mesquita Murilo , Matos João , Medeiros Vitor Rodrigues de 
Published: November 2022

A pesquisa relaciona o exercício de soft power à indústria de jogos eletrônicos desde a seguinte pergunta-problema: como a venda dos videogames da Nintendo está relacionada ao modelo Cool Japan de política externa? O objetivo geral é analisar o exercício de política externa japonês no período de 2004 a 2011; tem como objetivos específicos: (i) contextualizar o modelo Cool Japan, (ii) verificar o crescimento e importância da indústria dos videogames no Japão e (iii) avaliar a participação da Nintendo no soft power do Japão. Como um estudo de caso, explora um modelo de política externa que faz uso do soft power para promoção dos interesses do Estado e de atores privados. Com os dados das vendas de consoles e a contextualização do modelo Cool Japan observa-se uma relação win-win, pois permite maior inserção japonesa na política internacional e a aceitação dos seus produtos no mercado mundial de jogos eletrônicos.Palavras-chaves: Soft power. Cool Japan. Nintendo.ABSTRACTThe research relates the exercise of soft power and the electronic games industry from the following problem question: how is the sale of Nintendo video games related to the Cool Japan model of foreign policy? The general objective is to analyze the exercise of Japanese foreign policy in the period from 2004 to 2011; has as specific objectives: (i) to contextualize the Cool Japan model, (ii) to verify the growth and importance of the videogame industry in Japan and (iii) to evaluate Nintendo's participation in Japan's soft power. As a case study, it explores a foreign policy model that makes use of soft power to promote the interests of the State and private actors. With the data on console sales and the contextualization of the Cool Japan model, a win-win relationship can be observed, as it allows for a greater Japanese insertion in international politics and the acceptance of its products in the world market of electronic games.Keywords: Soft power. Cool Japan. Nintendo. Recebido em: 09 mar. 2021 | Aceito em: 25 out. 2022.
Respiratory Function and Physical Capacity in Combustible Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products Users: a Two-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study
Authors: Sharman Almaz , Yermakova Irina , Erenchina Elmira , Tyulebekova Gulnara , Bekzhanova Aisulu 
Published: November 2022

Background: Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the fourth leading cause of death in Kazakhstan. Prior literature suggests that heated tobacco products (HTP) might be a better option for people who cannot quit smoking. The aim of this paper was to analyze the long-term effects of shifting to HTP use compared to continued combustible cigarettes (CC) use in long-term smokers.
Methods: A cohort of 1200 participants (400 HTP and 800 CC) aged 40-59 years with a minimum of 10 pack-year smoking history were recruited. The functional outcomes compared between HTP and CC users included: (1) COPD Assessment Test (CAT); (2) post-bronchodilator lung function; (3) 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test; and (4) metabolic syndrome components. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to test associations between health outcomes and smoking type (HTP vs. CC) over time.
Results: After 24-month 188 (117 CC users and 71 HTP users) participants were lost to follow-up, while 107 (9%) participants quit smoking. The loss to follow-up was similar in both groups with 15% for CC users and 18% for HTP users. Liner mixed models showed HTP use was associated with lesser decrease in functional outcomes over time compared to CC users. Lung function decrease was significantly less in HTP users, while CAT scores, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure were significantly better compared to CC users.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that while both CC and HTP users experienced decrease in lung function, HTP users experienced it to a significantly lesser degree, while demonstrating better CAT score and physical characteristics compared to CC users. The results of this study suggest that HTP might be a less deleterious alternative compared to CC in people with long history of CC use and who cannot quit smoking.
Depression and anxiety symptoms among Arab/Middle Eastern American college students: Modifying roles of religiosity and discrimination
Authors: Abuelezam Nadia N. , Lipson Sarah Ketchen , Abelson Sara , Awad Germine H. , Eisenberg Daniel , Galea Sandro 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
We examine mental health outcomes in a national sample of Arab/Middle Eastern college students using the Healthy Minds Study (HMS) from 2015–2018 and assess the modifying roles of religion and discrimination.

Methods
HMS is an annual web-based survey administered to random samples of undergraduate and graduate students at participating colleges and universities. A total of 2,494 Arab/Middle Eastern and 84,423 white students were included in our sample. Our primary outcomes of depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, respectively. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were fit for each outcome using an Arab ethnicity indicator. Effect modification by religiosity and discrimination was examined by adding an interaction term to the model.

Results
Odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.57) and anxiety (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.60) were higher for Arab/Middle Eastern students than for white students. For Arab/Middle Eastern students, religiosity was a protective factor for both depression (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90) and anxiety (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97). Arab/Middle Eastern students who experienced discrimination had higher odds of depression (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.56) and anxiety (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) than those who had not.

Discussion
Arab/Middle Eastern American college students are a vulnerable subgroup on college campuses experiencing a high burden of depression and anxiety symptoms which are dampened by religiosity and amplified by discrimination.
Patterns and predictors of fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms over time in a cohort of women in the Pwani region, Tanzania
Authors: Massae Agnes Fredrick , Larsson Margareta , Pembe Andrea Barnabas , Mbekenga Columba , Svanberg Agneta Skoog 
Published: November 2022

Background
Fear of childbirth (FoB) and depressive symptoms (DS) are experienced by many women and can negatively affect women during and after pregnancy. This study assessed patterns of FoB and DS over time and associations of postpartum FoB and DS with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal study at six health facilities in Tanzania in 2018–2019. Pregnant women were consecutively assessed for FoB and DS before and after childbirth using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire versions A & B and the Edinburgh antenatal and postnatal depressive scale. This paper is based on 625 women who completed participation.

Results
The prevalence rates of FoB and DS during pregnancy were 16% and 18.2%, respectively, and after childbirth, 13.9% and 8.5%. Some had FoB (6.4%) and DS (4.3%) at both timepoints. FoB was strongly associated with DS at both timepoints (p < 0.001). Both FoB (p = 0.246) and DS (p < 0.001) decreased after childbirth. Never having experienced obstetric complications decreased the odds of postpartum and persisting FoB (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.83). Giving birth by caesarean section (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.11–3.65) and having more than 12 hours pass between admission and childbirth increased the odds of postpartum FoB (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.03–4.16). Postpartum DS was more common in women with an ill child/stillbirth/early neonatal death (aOR 4.78, 95% CI 2.29–9.95). Persisting DS was more common in single (aOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.02–6.59) and women without social support from parents (aOR 0.28, 95% 0.11–0.69).

Conclusions
FoB and DS coexist and decrease over time. Identifying predictors of both conditions will aid in recognising women at risk and planning for prevention and treatment. Screening for FoB and DS before and after childbirth and offering psychological support should be considered part of routine antenatal and postnatal care. Furthermore, supporting women with previous obstetric complications is crucial. Using interviews instead of a self-administered approach might have contributed to social desirability. Also, excluding women with previous caesarean sections could underestimate FoB and DS prevalence rates.
SORPTION OF CADMIUM, LEAD, AND CHROMIUM (VI) BY CELLULOSIC COMPLEXES OF ARCTIC BROWN ALGAE
Authors: Parshina Anastasiya Eduardovna , Bogolitsyn Konstantin Grigor'yevich , Ivanchenko Nikolay Leonidovich , Polomarchuk Dar'ya Alekseyevna 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is to establish the mechanism of sorption of heavy metal ions (Cd, Pb, and Cr (VI)) by cellulose complexes (CC) of the arctic brown algae Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima. These complexes are fibrous mesoporous materials with active sorption centers -COOH, -OH, and -NH2 and a developed surface, which makes them potentially effective preparations for the enterosorption removal of heavy metal ions. The kinetics and thermodynamics of sorption have been studied as well as the influence of the acidity on the sorption capacity. It has been established that the sorption rate is highest during the first minutes of contact between the two phases; the sorption equilibrium is reached by 60 min. According to the sorption enthalpy values, temperature has a positive effect on sorption (endothermic process), with a maximum sorption capacity at 37 °C. Optimal pH of the medium: 5-6 for cadmium and lead, and 2 for chromium (VI), which indicates the possibility of using this material in a wide range of medium acidity, corresponding to the conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract. The results obtained indicate a high prospect of using CC as an effective enterosorbent for health preservation.
STUDY OF THE FLAVONOID COMPOSITION OF JUGLANS NIGRA L. BARK
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Zimenkina Natal'ya Igorevna 
Published: November 2022

Juglans nigra L. is a species of trees of the Juglandaceae family. This representative of the genus Walnut (Juglans L.) has not been sufficiently studied in comparison with other species, including Juglans regia L., but J. nigra is promising type of medicinal plant material, which the preparations have an antimicrobial, restorative effect. In our opinion, the contribution to the main antimicrobial effect, along with naphthoquinones, is also made by the flavonoids, contained in the raw material of this plant. There are insufficient data in the literature to substantiate the chemical composition of the black walnut bark. There is a possibility of standardizing the leaves of black walnut when quantitative determination of the amount of naphthoquinones by photocolorimetry method in terms of juglone is carried out. This article discusses the results of a study of the flavonoid composition of the bark of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) as a promising source of biologically active compounds. As a result of the comparative chromatographic study, the presence of flavonoids was detected using detection at a wavelength of 365 nm, after treatment with 3% ethanolic solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and diazobenzenesulfonic acid. In all water-alcohol extracts from the bark of the black walnut, the presence of rutin was not confirmed. Using column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100, the dominant flavonoid compound, myricitrin (3-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of myricetin), which has chloroform-ethanol-water (26 : 16 : 3) and n-butanol-acetic acid (glacial) in the solvent systems: water of Rf value about 0.4 and 0.65, respectively. Myricitrin was identified as 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of myricetin based on UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and acid hydrolysis results. It was determined that in all UV spectra of extracts from the bark of black walnut, a bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band is observed in the presence of a 3% ethanolic solution of AlCl3, which confirms the presence of flavonoids. Under the conditions of differential spectrophotometry, an absorption maximum is observed in the 410-416 nm area, which indicates the advisability of using myricitrin in the analysis procedure, which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 416 nm. As a result of the study, a method was developed for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids in the bark of black walnut. The optimal parameters have been determined: extractant is 80% water- ethanolic solutions; the ratio "raw material-extractant" – 1 : 30; time of extraction - extraction on a boiling water bath for 60 min, the degree of grinding of the raw material – 2 mm, analytical wavelength at 416 nm. It was determined that the content of the total flavonoids calculated on myricitrin in all studied samples is varied from 2.38% to 3.02%.