bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cell with Efficiency of 22.0% via Reduced Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss and Broadened Absorption Spectra
Authors: Qin Shucheng , Lu Chenxing , Jia Zhenrong , Wang Yiyang , Li Siguang , Lai Wenbin , Shi Pengju , Wang Rui , Zhu Can , Du Jiaqi , Zhang Jinyuan , Meng Lei , Li Yongfang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCombining the high stability under UV light of the wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) and the broad near‐infrared absorption spectra of the narrow bandgap (NBG) organic solar cells (OSCs), the perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (TSCs) with the WBG pero‐SC as front cell and the NBG OSC as rear cell have attracted attention . However, the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite/organic TSCs needs to be further improved. Herein, nonradiative charge recombination loss is reduced through bulk defect passivation in the WBG pero‐SC front subcell and broadening the range of absorption spectra of the NBG OSC rear cell. For the WBG pero‐SCs, an organic cation chloro‐formamidinium is introduced into FA0.6MA0.4Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3 to passivate the bulk defects in the perovskite film and the WBG pero‐SC displays high open‐circuit voltage of 1.25 V and high fill factor of 83.0%. For the NBG OSCs, a new infrared‐absorbing organic small molecule acceptor BTPV‐4Cl‐eC9 is designed and synthesized. Then, a monolithic perovskite/organic TSC is fabricated with the WBG pero‐SC as the front cell and the NBG OSC as the rear cell, and the TSC demonstrates high power conversion efficiency up to 22.0%. The results indicate that the perovskite/organic TSC is promising for future commercialization.
Chinese medicine in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: Progress and future opportunities
Authors: Liu Jia , Ma Zhi , Li Han , Li Xiaojiaoyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease occurring in individuals of all ages with a higher incidence in females and characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated serum autoantibodies and histological features of interface hepatitis. AIH pathogenesis remains obscure and still needs in‐depth study, which is likely associated with genetic susceptibility and the loss of immune homeostasis. Steroids alone and in combination with other immunosuppressant agents are the primary choices of AIH treatment in the clinic, whereas, in some cases, severe adverse effects and disease relapse may occur. Chinese medicine used for the treatment of AIH has proven its merits over many years and is well tolerated. To better understand the pathogenesis of AIH and to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapies, several animal models have been generated to recapitulate the immune microenvironment of patients with AIH. In the current review, we summarize recent advances in the study of animal models for AIH and their application in pharmacological research of Chinese medicine‐based therapies and also discuss current limitations. This review aims to provide novel insights into the discovery of Chinese medicine‐originated therapies for AIH using cutting‐edge animal models.
Chiral resolution of the insecticide fipronil enantiomers and the simultaneous determination of its major transformation products by high‐performance liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry
Authors: Paolini Léa , Hausser Nicolas , Zhang Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) method was developed using a chiral column based on amylose tris(3‐chloro‐5‐methylphenylcarbamate) for analysis of fipronil (a popular insecticidal nerve agent) and the related transformation products. The optimized method reached the goal of the simultaneous and complete separation of the multiple fiproles in a single run, including the chiral separation of fipronil enantiomers, fipronil metabolites, and photoproducts. The efficacy of such a method was demonstrated by its application in analyzing a series of fipronil samples exposed to sunlight conditions. In general terms, our study provided experimental approaches and an efficient analytical tool for monitoring the environmental fate of fipronil as well as its multitransformation products upon its applications either in agricultural or any other areas.
DNA methylation‐derived systemic inflammation indices and their association with oropharyngeal cancer risk and survival
Authors: Yang Bo , Eliot Melissa , McClean Michael D. , Waterboer Tim , Pawlita Michael , Butler Rondi , Nelson Heather H. , Langevin Scott M. , Christensen Brock C. , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas are associated with systemic inflammation (SI). We evaluated whether DNA methylation‐derived SI (mdSI) indices are associated with oropharyngeal cancer risk and survival.MethodsNinety‐four oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases and 57 controls with DNA methylation data were included. Logistic regression analysis and survival analysis were performed to test the association of mdSI indices with OPSCC risk and survival.ResultsHigher methylation‐derived neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (mdNLR) was associated with increased risk of OPSCC (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11–1.40) while no association was found with methylation‐derived lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (mdLMR). For 5‐year overall survival, higher mdLMR was significantly associated with decreased risk of death (HR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.10–0.64) while the converse was observed for mdNLR (HR = 2.48, 95%CI: 1.04–5.92).ConclusionWe observed an association between mdSI indices and OPSCC risk and 5‐year overall survival. It is possible to use mdLMR as an independent prognostic factor for OPSCC.
Embeddedness of individual expertise in professional business service relationships
Authors: Nätti Satu , Ulkuniemi Pauliina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study aims to create an understanding of the embeddedness of individual expertise in the customer relationships of professional business service firms. A theoretical pre‐understanding based on discussions of professional service business relationships in general and the role of individual experts in customer relationships, in particular, is assessed through a case study of a professional business services provider and four customer organizations. The study suggests that the embeddedness of individual expertise within professional services in business relationships manifest itself in four ways: (1) expertise embedded in knowledge of the service context, (2) expertise that can be transferred between organizational contexts, (3) expertise embedded in personal relationships, and (4) expertise embedded in the personal interactions that enable knowledge‐sharing. Each has implications for various activities performed by the parties and relationship management practices, which are also scrutinized in the present study. Also, the adoption of a new concept of personified service in business relationships is put forward. The study highlights that the reliance on personal expertise is not only a challenge for relationship management, as often suggested, but can also generate effectiveness in both customer and supplier relationship management.
Phase‐field modeling of rock fractures with roughness
Authors: Fei Fan , Choo Jinhyun , Liu Chong , White Joshua A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhase‐field modeling—a continuous approach to discontinuities—is gaining popularity for simulating rock fractures due to its ability to handle complex, discontinuous geometry without an explicit surface tracking algorithm. None of the existing phase‐field models, however, incorporates the impact of surface roughness on the mechanical response of fractures—such as elastic deformability and shear‐induced dilation—despite the importance of this behavior for subsurface systems. To fill this gap, here we introduce the first framework for phase‐field modeling of rough rock fractures. The framework transforms a displacement‐jump‐based discrete constitutive model for discontinuities into a strain‐based continuous model, without any additional parameter, and then casts it into a phase‐field formulation for frictional interfaces. We illustrate the framework by constructing a particular phase‐field form employing a rock joint model originally formulated for discrete modeling. The results obtained by the new formulation show excellent agreement with those of a well‐established discrete method for a variety of problems ranging from shearing of a single discontinuity to compression of fractured rocks. It is further demonstrated that the phase‐field formulation can well simulate complex crack growth from rough discontinuities. Consequently, our phase‐field framework provides an unprecedented bridge between a discrete constitutive model for rough discontinuities—common in rock mechanics—and the continuous finite element method—standard in computational mechanics—without any algorithm to explicitly represent discontinuity geometry.
Perceived stigma and its correlates among Asian patients with advanced cancer: A multi‐country APPROACH study
Authors: Teo Irene , Bhaskar Adithya , Ozdemir Semra , Malhotra Chetna , Hapuarachchi Thushari , Joad Anjum Khan , Manalo Maria Fidelis , Mariam Lubna , Ning Xiaohong , Palat Gayatri , Rahman Rubayat , Tuong Pham Nguyen , Finkelstein Eric A. ,   the APPROACH study group
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesPerceived cancer‐related stigma can affect mental health and potentially treatment choices for patients with cancer. Nevertheless, perceived stigma is not very well understood in Asia. This study investigated across six developing Asian countries: (1) the prevalence of perceived stigma among advanced cancer patients, (2) its risk factors, and (3) its association with patient treatment preferences.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited patients receiving oncology care across major hospitals in Bangladesh, China, India, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Participants (N = 1358) were adults diagnosed with stage IV metastatic solid cancer who completed self‐reported surveys. Multi‐variable logistic regression and ordered logit models examined the associations with perceived stigma and variables of interest.ResultsAcross the countries, 35%, 95% CI [32%, 38%] of patients reported experiencing at least one facet of cancer‐related stigma often or always, while 60% [57%, 63%] reported it occurring occasionally. Top‐endorsed facets of perceived stigma across the Asian countries suggest a distinct pattern. Having knowingly engaged in health‐risk behaviours (OR = 2.03–2.24, 95% CI [1.14–1.19, 3.43–4.41]), unemployment (2.64 [1.67, 4.19]) and body image change (1.57 [1.00, 2.45]) were associated with higher odds of perceived stigma, while time mitigated perceived stigma (0.49–0.65 [0.30–0.45, 0.76–0.92]). Perceived stigma was associated with lower odds of preference for life‐extending treatments, although the associations did not hold up in the adjusted model.ConclusionsPerceived stigma is unique among Asian advanced cancer patients. Stigma is important to assess and address, taking into consideration the various sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors of cancer patients.
Preconditioning techniques for the coupled Stokes–Darcy problem: spectral and field-of-values analysis
Authors: Beik Fatemeh Panjeh Ali , Benzi Michele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the performance of some preconditioning techniques for a class of block three-by-three linear systems of equations arising from finite element discretizations of the coupled Stokes–Darcy flow problem. In particular, we investigate preconditioning techniques including block preconditioners, constraint preconditioners, and augmented Lagrangian-based ones. Spectral and field-of-value analyses are established for the exact versions of these preconditioners. The result of numerical experiments are reported to illustrate the performance of inexact variants of the various preconditioners used with flexible GMRES in the solution of a 3D test problem with large jumps in the permeability.
Array comparative genomic hybridisation results of non-syndromic children with the conotruncal heart anomaly
Authors: Mermer Serdar , Şahin Derya Aydın 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to show the chromosomal copy number variations responsible for the aetiology in patients with isolated conotruncal heart anomaly by array comparative genomic hybridisation and identify candidate genes causing conotruncal heart disease. A total of 37 patients, 17 male, and 20 female, with isolated conotruncal heart anomalies, were included in the study. No findings indicated any syndrome in terms of dysmorphology in the patients.Results:Copy number variations were detected in the array comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of five (13.5%) of 37 patients included in the study. Three candidate genes (PRDM16, HIST1H1E, GJA5) found in these deletion and duplication regions may be associated with the conotruncal cardiac anomaly.Conclusion:CHDs can be encountered as the first and sometimes the single finding of many genetic disorders in children. It is thought that genetic tests, especially array comparative genomic hybridisation, may be beneficial for children with CHD since the diagnosis of genetic diseases in these patients as early as possible will help to prevent or reduce complications that may develop in the future. Also, it would be possible to detect candidate genes responsible for conotruncal cardiac anomalies with array comparative genomic hybridisation.
Read, Mark, Learn and Inwardly Digest: The Prayer Book and Private Devotion in Prayer Book Commentaries from Sparrow to Mant
Authors: Crosby Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBetween the Restoration and the rise of the Oxford Movement, a burgeoning literature of commentaries upon the Book of Common Prayer were produced and circulated in England. This article traces the emergence and development of this little-studied commentary tradition in order to explore the role of the Book of Common Prayer in private devotion. It groups the literature into three primary categories based on genre and function: descriptive, historical and biblical commentaries; devotional commentaries; annotated Books of Common Prayer. I argue that this literature sought not only to defend the prayer book from criticism or inform users of its history and function but to encourage devotional engagement with the prayer book itself. Exploring the devotional strategies that this literary tradition teaches and models deepens our understanding of how the leaders of the Church of England during the long eighteenth century sought to encourage private engagement with the Book of Common Prayer.
Deformation in Western Guatemala Associated With the NAFCA (North America‐Central American Forearc‐Caribbean) Triple Junction: Neotectonic Strain Localization Into the Guatemala City Graben
Authors: Garnier Bridget , Tikoff Basil , Flores Omar , Jicha Brian , DeMets Charles , Cosenza‐Muralles Beatriz , Hernandez Walter , Greene David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent structural and geodetic data define the Guatemala City graben region as the continental triple junction between the North American plate, Caribbean plate, and the Central American Forearc sliver. We present minor fault analysis, geochronological and geochemical analyses, and newly updated GPS velocities in western Guatemala, west of the Guatemala City graben, to characterize the magnitude and timing of extensional deformation in this poorly understood area. Elongations estimated from fault data are parallel (∼east‐west) and perpendicular to the Polochic‐Motagua fault system to the north, similar to geodetically measured active deformation observed east of the Guatemala City graben. Four new 40Ar/39Ar dates and correlation of tephra deposits suggest that faulting was active during the Pliocene, but ceased eastward toward the Guatemala City graben over time. From west to east, fault cessation occurred before the deposition of the Los Chocoyos ash (75 ka) and E tephra (51 ka). Faulting just west of the Guatemala City graben appears to be active, where a major fault cuts the most recent Amatitlán tephras. Based on this data, we propose a time‐progressive strain model for deformation related to North America‐Caribbean plate interactions, whereby distributed elongation of the westernmost Caribbean plate occurred during the Pliocene but localized mostly within the Guatemala City graben and nearby faults during the Pleistocene. Our model supports that: (a) The Guatemala City graben is effectively the western limit of the Caribbean plate; and (b) Western Guatemala, which was the trailing edge of the Caribbean plate, has been transferred to the forearc region.
Predictors of Fecal Microbiota Transplant Failure in Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Beran Azizullah , Sharma Sachit , Ghazaleh Sami , Lee-Smith Wade , Aziz Muhammad , Kamal Faisal , Acharya Ashu , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim:
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent/refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) with a 10% to 20% risk of recurrence after a single FMT. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of FMT failure.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases through July 2021 was performed. All studies that evaluated risk factors associated with FMT failure in a multivariate model were included. We calculated pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for risk factors reported in ≥3 studies using a random-effects model.

Results:
Twenty studies involving 4327 patients (63.6% females) with recurrent/refractory CDI who underwent FMT were included. FMT failed in 705 patients (16.3%) with 2 to 3 months of follow-up in most studies. A total of 12 different risk factors were reported in a multivariate model in ≥3 studies. Meta-analysis showed that advanced age, severe CDI, inflammatory bowel disease, peri-FMT use of non-CDI antibiotics, prior CDI-related hospitalizations, inpatient status, and poor quality of bowel preparation were significant predictors of FMT failure. Charlson Comorbidity Index, female gender, immunosuppressed status, patient-directed donor, and number of CDI recurrences were not associated with FMT failure.

Conclusions:
Adequate bowel preparation at the time of FMT and optimizing antibiotic stewardship practices in the peri-FMT period can improve the success of FMT. Patients with nonmodifiable risk factors should be counseled about the risk of FMT failure. Our results may help develop a risk stratification model to predict FMT failure in CDI patients.
The Life Span of the Great Black Wasp Sphex pensylvanicus Linnaeus, 1763 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) and Other Observations from a Nesting Aggregation in Sioux City, Iowa, USA. 2003-2017
Authors: Lechner G.K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a fifteen year period, the observed life span of both male and female Sphex pensylvanicus was documented in an aggregation of these wasps behind a retaining wall on a residential lot in Sioux City, Iowa, USA. In addition, early season emergence of the males before the females (protandry) and instances of male territorial behavior were also confirmed. Half or more of the wasps disappeared; possible out-migration?
Inflammation in the COVID-19 airway is due to inhibition of CFTR signaling by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
Authors: Caohuy Hung , Eidelman Ofer , Chen Tinghua , Yang Qingfeng , Pollard Bette S. , Walton Nathan I. , Pollard Harvey B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2-contributes to sickness and death in COVID-19 patients partly by inducing a hyper-proinflammatory immune response in the host airway. This hyper- proinflammatory state involves activation of signaling by NFκB and ENaC, and expression of high levels of cytokines and chemokines. Post-infection inflammation may contribute to “Long COVID”, and there are long term consequences for acute severe COVID-19, which double or triple the chances of dying from any cause within a year. Enhanced signaling by NFκB and ENaC also marks the airway of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, a lethal proinflammatory genetic disease due to inactivating mutations in the CFTR gene. We therefore hypothesized that inflammation in the COVID-19 airway might be due to inhibition of CFTR signaling by SARS- CoV-2 Spike protein.MethodsThis hypothesis was tested using the hTERT-transformed BCi-NS1.1 basal stem cell, previously derived from small airway epithelia, which were differentiated into a model of small airway epithelia on an air-liquid-interface (ALI). CyclicAMP-activated CFTR chloride channel activity was measured using an Ussing Chamber. Cell surface-CFTR was labeled with the impermeant biotin method.ResultsExposure of differentiated airway epithelia to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein resulted in loss of CFTR protein expression. As hypothesized, TNFα/NFκB signaling was activated, based on increased protein expression of TNFR1, the TNFα receptor; TRADD, the first intracellular adaptor for the TNFα/TNFR1 complex; phosphorylated IκBα, and the chemokine IL8. ENaC activity was also activated, based on specific changes in molecular weights for α and γ ENaC. Exposure of the epithelia to viral Spike protein suppressed cAMP-activated CFTR chloride channel activity. However, 30 nM concentrations of cardiac glycoside drugs ouabain, digitoxin and digoxin, prevented loss of channel activity. ACE2 and CFTR were found to co- immunoprecipitate (co-IP) in both basal cells and epithelia, suggesting that the mechanism for Spike-dependent CFTR loss might involve ACE2 as a bridge between Spike and CFTR. In addition, Spike exposure to the epithelia resulted in failure of endosomal recycling to return CFTR to the plasma membrane, suggesting that failure of CFTR recovery from endosomal recycling might be a mechanism for spike-dependent loss of CFTR.ConclusionBased on experiments with this model of small airway epithelia, we predict that inflammation in the COVID-19 airway may be mediated by inhibition of CFTR signaling by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, thus inducing a CFTR-null, cystic fibrosis-like clinical phenotype.
Missing links: safeguarding and disability hate crime responses
Authors: Healy Jane C. , Dray Rosslyn 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to consider the relationship between disability hate crime and safeguarding adults. It critically considers whether safeguarding responses to disability hate crime have changed following the implementation of the Care Act 2014. Historically, protectionist responses to disabled people may have masked the scale of hate crime and prevented them from seeking legal recourse through the criminal justice system (CJS). This paper investigates whether agencies are working together effectively to tackle hate crime.

Design/methodology/approach
The research presented draws on semi-structured interviews with key informants who work with disabled people and organisations as part of a wider study on disability hate crime.

Findings
Prior to the Care Act, safeguarding practice often failed to prioritise criminal justice interventions when responding to reports of disability hate crimes. Improving engagement within multi-agency safeguarding hubs and boards has the potential to increase hate crime awareness and reporting.

Research limitations/implications
This research was limited in scope to 15 participants who worked in England within safeguarding teams or with victims of hate crime.

Practical implications
Raising the profile of disability hate crime within safeguarding teams could lead to achieving more effective outcomes for adults at risk: improving confidence in reporting, identifying perpetrators of hate crimes, enabling the CJS to intervene and reducing the risk of further targeted abuse on the victim or wider community.

Originality/value
This paper is original in its contribution in this field as there is a dearth of research on the relationship between safeguarding and disability hate crime.