bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of oral hygiene with incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population based cohort study in Southwest China
Authors: Wang Yiying , Jiang Yizhou , Chen Yun , Yu Lisha , Zhou Jie , Wang Na , Liu Tao , Fu Chaowei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOral health has been previously reported to be related with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate whether oral hygiene could reduce the risk of incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a population‐based cohort. A total of 9280 people aged 18 years or above in Guizhou province were recruited from November 20th, 2010 to December 19th, 2012. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, anthropometric measurements, oral health status and care were collected by trained interviewers. The occurrences of hypertension and T2DM were ascertained until 2020. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between oral hygiene and the occurrence of hypertension and T2DM, respectively. Compared with almost no tooth brushing, tooth brushing at least twice a day was associated with a 45% reduction (HR: .55; 95% CI: .42–.73) in hypertension events and reduced diabetes risk by 35% (HR: .65; 95% CI: .45–.94). For hypertension, those associations tended to be more pronounced in participants with Han ethic, or living in urban area, while those aged less than 60 or without baseline hypertension were more likely to have T2DM when they brush teeth less than twice a day. Frequent tooth brushing was associated with reduced risks of incident hypertension and T2DM. Tooth brushing at least twice a day may prevent future hypertension and T2DM events.
GABABR activation partially normalizes acute NMDAR hypofunction oscillatory abnormalities but fails to rescue sensory processing deficits
Authors: Janz Philipp , Nicolas Maria Jesus , Redondo Roger L. , Valencia Miguel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCognitive deficits and impaired sensory processing are hallmarks of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction contributes to these deficits by disrupting the excitation‐to‐inhibition balance in neuronal networks. Although preclinical data suggest that the activation of gamma‐Aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABR) may restore excitation‐to‐inhibition balance and rescues some behavioral deficits, GABABR agonists have failed to meet their clinical study endpoints, suggesting more complex interactions at play. Here, we studied the effects of Baclofen (a GABABR agonist) and MK‐801 (a non‐competitive NMDAR antagonist) on the neurophysiology of limbic‐auditory circuits in freely‐moving rats. The pharmacological effects were assessed using resting‐state EEG, auditory‐evoked oscillation, and mismatch negativity paradigms. MK‐801 elevated resting‐state oscillatory power, mainly in the gamma and higher frequency ranges, and impaired auditory‐evoked responses. Baclofen partially normalized resting‐state oscillations but failed to rescue auditory‐evoked oscillatory abnormalities. Coherence analysis indicated that NMDAR hypofunction alters the functional coupling of limbic and thalamocortical circuits in several frequency bands. Baclofen normalized only a fraction of MK‐801‐induced abnormalities (e.g., theta coherence between frontal cortex and amygdala) while reducing delta‐theta and augmenting gamma coherence in thalamocortical circuits. Finally, we report that Baclofen intensified the MK‐801‐induced deficits in auditory mismatch responses. In summary, while Baclofen partially normalizes MK‐801‐induced gamma abnormalities, it either fails to rescue or exacerbates deficits in other phenotypes like functional coupling and auditory processing. We hope that the presented complex interactions between pharmacologically induced NMDAR hypofunction and GABABR agonism inspire a new understanding of the therapeutic potential around GABAergic modulation.

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Effectiveness and side effects of bipolar radiofrequency to treat submental laxity
Authors: Chawvavanich Prapawan , Singthong Sasathorn , Intarachaieua Klaichan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubmental skin laxity becomes a common cosmetic problem with age. Bipolar radiofrequency is a new, non‐invasive procedure. Unlike the LASER, the radiofrequency (RF) device has no specific chromophore absorption. Thus, the device can be used on any skin type.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of the bipolar RF for treatment of submental laxity and skin tightening.Material and MethodsTwenty‐two patients with submental laxity were treated with Forma™ on both sides of the submental area. The patients underwent four sessions every 2 weeks for one and half months. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the pre‐treatment and post‐treatment photographs at every visit. The three‐dimensional photographs were recorded by Vectra® camera and determined the association.ResultsAll 22 patients completed all the treatment sessions. The degree of improvement was statically significant after the third session based on the physical assessment scale and after the second session in terms of the submental laxity score. The fat volume reduction was statically significant from one week to six months from baseline. Almost all subjects developed transient erythema immediately after the treatment. No serious side effects were noted.ConclusionsThe bipolar RF device is another potential choice for skin tightening due to its efficacy and safety profile. It can be used with any skin type and has few side effects.
‘They all stay with me’—An interpretive phenomenological analysis on nurses’ experiences resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments
Authors: Bentz Jamie Anne , Vanderspank‐Wright Brandi , Lalonde Michelle , Tyerman Jane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo understand the lived experiences of nurses resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments.BackgroundEmergency department nurses exposed to paediatric resuscitations are at a high risk of developing post‐traumatic stress. This may be especially true in community hospital emergency departments, where nurses have less exposure to, knowledge about, and resources for managing these events. Interventions to proactively prevent nurse trauma in these contexts remain largely uninvestigated. To inform such interventions, a detailed understanding of the largely unknown lived experiences of these nurses is necessary.Design and methodsIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four registered nurses that had experienced at least one paediatric resuscitation while working in a community hospital emergency department in Ontario, Canada. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Reporting follows the COREQ checklist.ResultsAnalysis revealed three superordinate themes (i.e. ‘Conceptualising Paediatric Resuscitations’, ‘Seeing What I See’, and ‘Making Sense of What I Saw’) and nine corresponding subthemes.ConclusionThis study provides insight into the infrequent, but profound experiences of nurses resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. Nurses, who conceptualise these events as unnatural, emotional, and chaotic, are comforted by those who understand their experiences and are distressed by those who cannot see what they see. To reconcile what they have seen, nurses may reflect and ruminate on the event, ultimately restructuring their experiences of themselves, others, and the world to make room for a new reality where the safety of childhood is not certain.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings contribute to pragmatic recommendations for interventions to proactively prevent nurse distress in these contexts, including psychoeducation, psychological support and in‐situ simulation activities. Nursing leaders should consider staff that have resuscitated children as valuable sources for information on how to improve practice settings.
Effectiveness of the Primary Nursing Model on nursing documentation accuracy: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Cocchieri Antonello , Cesare Manuele , Anderson Gloria , Zega Maurizio , Damiani Gianfranco , D’agostino Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo analyse the Primary Nursing Model's effect on nursing documentation accuracy.BackgroundThe Primary Nursing is widely implemented since it has been considered as the ideal model of care delivery based on the relationship between the nurse and patient. However, previous research has not examined the relationship between Primary Nursing and nursing documentation accuracy.DesignA pretest‐posttest‐follow‐up design was used.MethodsThe study was conducted from August 2018 to February 2020 in eight surgical and medical wards in an Italian university hospital. The Primary Nursing was implemented in four wards (study group), while in the other four, the Team Nursing was practised (control group). Nursing documentation accuracy was evaluated through the D‐Catch instrument. From the eight wards, 120 nursing documentations were selected randomly for each time point (pre‐test, post‐test and follow‐up) and in each group. Altogether, 720 nursing documents were assessed. The study adhered to the TREND checklist.ResultsThe Primary Nursing and Team Nursing Models exhibited significant differences in mean scores for documentation accuracy: assessment on admission, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention and patient outcome accuracy. No differences between the two groups were found for record structure accuracy and legibility between the posttest and follow‐up.ConclusionPrimary Nursing exerts an overall positive effect on nursing documentation accuracy and persists over time.Relevance to clinical practiceThe benefits from Primary Nursing implementation included better‐documented patient outcomes. The use of Primary Nursing linked with the use of the nursing process allowed for a more individualised and problem‐solving approach. Nurse managers should consider the implementation of Primary Nursing to improve care quality.
Low‐dose computed tomography lung cancer screening: Clinical evidence and implementation research
Authors: Lancaster Harriet L. , Heuvelmans Marjolein A. , Oudkerk Matthijs 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLung cancer causes more deaths than breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer combined. Nevertheless, population‐based lung cancer screening is still not considered standard practice in most countries worldwide. Early lung cancer detection leads to better survival outcomes: patients diagnosed with stage 1A lung cancer have a >75% 5‐year survival rate, compared to <5% at stage 4. Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) thorax imaging for the secondary prevention of lung cancer has been studied at length, and has been shown to significantly reduce lung cancer mortality in high‐risk populations. The US National Lung Screening Trial reported a 20% overall reduction in lung cancer mortality when comparing LDCT to chest X‐ray, and the Nederlands‐Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON) trial more recently reported a 24% reduction when comparing LDCT to no screening. Hence, the focus has now shifted to implementation research. Consequently, the 4‐IN‐THE‐LUNG‐RUN consortium based in five European countries, has set up a large‐scale multicenter implementation trial. Successful implementation of and accessibility to LDCT lung cancer screening are dependent on many factors, not limited to population selection, recruitment strategy, computed tomography screening frequency, lung‐nodule management, participant compliance, and cost effectiveness. This review provides an overview of current evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening, and draws attention to major factors that need to be addressed to successfully implement standardized, effective, and accessible screening throughout Europe. Evidence shows that through the appropriate use of risk‐prediction models and a more personalized approach to screening, efficacy could be improved. Furthermore, extending the screening interval for low‐risk individuals to reduce costs and associated harms is a possibility, and through the use of volumetric‐based measurement and follow‐up, false positive results can be greatly reduced. Finally, smoking cessation programs could be a valuable addition to screening programs and artificial intelligence could offer a solution to the added workload pressures radiologists are facing.
Resources Required for Implementation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Screening in Massachusetts K‐12 Public Schools in Winter/Spring 2021
Authors: Lee Stephanie S. , Weitz Michelle , Ardlie Kristin , Bantham Amy , Schuckel Michele Fronk , Goehringer Katey , Hogue Caitlin , Hosking Rosy , Mortimer Kathleen , Saadat Alham , Seaman‐Chandler Jill , Linas Benjamin P. , Ciaranello Andrea 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe financial costs and human resource requirements at the school and district level to implement a SARS‐CoV‐2 screening program are not well known.METHODSA consortium of Massachusetts public K‐12 schools was formed to implement and evaluate a range of SARS‐CoV‐2 screening approaches. Participating districts were surveyed weekly about their programs, including: type of assay used, individual vs. pooled screening, approaches to return of results and deconvolution of positive pools, number and type of personnel, and hours spent implementing the screening program, and hours spent on program implementation.RESULTSIn 21 participating districts, over 21 weeks from January to June 2021, the positivity rate was 0.0% to 0.21% among students and 0.0% to 0.13% among educators/staff. The average weekly cost to implement a screening program, including assay and personnel costs, was $17.00 per person tested; this was $46.68 for individual screenings and $15.61 for pooled screenings. The total weekly costs by district ranged from $1,644 to $93,486, and districts screened between 58 and 3675 people per week.CONCLUSIONSWhere screening is recommended for the 2021 to 2022 school year due to high COVID‐19 incidence, understanding the human resources and finances required to implement screening will assist district policymakers in planning.
Assessing rates of parasite coinfection and spatiotemporal strain variation via metabarcoding: Insights for the conservation of European turtle doves Streptopelia turtur
Authors: Thomas Rebecca C. , Dunn Jenny C. , Dawson Deborah A. , Hipperson Helen , Horsburgh Gavin J. , Morris Antony J. , Orsman Chris , Mallord John , Grice Philip V. , Hamer Keith C. , Eraud Cyril , Hervé Lormée , Goodman Simon J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the frequency, spatiotemporal dynamics and impacts of parasite coinfections is fundamental to developing control measures and predicting disease impacts. The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is one of Europe's most threatened bird species. High prevalence of infection by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae has previously been identified, but the role of this and other coinfecting parasites in turtle dove declines remains unclear. Using a high‐throughput sequencing approach, we identified seven strains of T. gallinae, including two novel strains, from ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal sequences in turtle doves on breeding and wintering grounds, with further intrastrain variation and four novel subtypes revealed by the iron‐hydrogenase gene. High spatiotemporal turnover was observed in T. gallinae strain composition, and infection was prevalent in all populations (89%–100%). Coinfection by multiple Trichomonas strains was rarer than expected (1% observed compared to 38.6% expected), suggesting either within‐host competition, or high mortality of coinfected individuals. In contrast, coinfection by multiple haemosporidians was common (43%), as was coinfection by haemosporidians and T. gallinae (90%), with positive associations between strains of T. gallinae and Leucocytozoon suggesting a mechanism such as parasite‐induced immune modulation. We found no evidence for negative associations between coinfections and host body condition. We suggest that longitudinal studies involving the recapture and investigation of infection status of individuals over their lifespan are crucial to understand the epidemiology of coinfections in natural populations.
Rapid evolutionary divergence of a songbird population following recent colonization of an urban area
Authors: Friis Guillermo , Atwell Jonathan W. , Fudickar Adam M. , Greives Timothy J. , Yeh Pamela J. , Price Trevor D. , Ketterson Ellen D. , Milá Borja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColonization of a novel environment by a few individuals can lead to rapid evolutionary change, yet there is scarce evidence of the relative contributions of neutral and selective factors in promoting divergence during the early stages of colonization. Here we explore the role of neutral and selective forces in the divergence of a unique urban population of the dark‐eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), which became established on the campus of the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) in the early 1980s. Previous studies based on microsatellite loci documented significant genetic differentiation of the urban population as well as divergence in phenotypic traits relative to nearby montane populations, yet the geographical origin of the colonization and the contributing factors remained uncertain. Our genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data set confirmed the marked genetic differentiation of the UCSD population, and we identified the coastal subspeciespinosusfrom central California as its sister group instead of the neighbouring mountain population. Demographic inference recovered a separation frompinosusas recent as 20–32 generations ago after a strong bottleneck, suggesting a role for drift in genetic differentiation. However, we also found significant associations between habitat variables and genome‐wide variants linked to functional genes, some of which have been reported as potentially adaptive in birds inhabiting modified environments. These results suggest that the interplay between founder events and selection may result in rapid shifts in neutral and adaptive loci across the genome, and reveal the UCSD junco population as a case of contemporary evolutionary divergence in an anthropogenic environment.
Azerbaijan, Israel, and Iran: An Unlikely Triangle Shaping the Northern Middle East
Authors: Abbasov Namig , Souleimanov Emil A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the collapse of the Soviet Union, political commentators and students of international relations alike have been puzzled by an increasingly cordial relationship between Israel and Azerbaijan, a Muslim‐majority republic in the South Caucasus. Indeed, the unfolding alliance of the Jewish state and a tiny, energy‐rich, post‐Soviet country sandwiched between Iran and Russia has been by many seen as an anomaly. Particularly puzzled have been constructivists and adepts of geopolitics for whom the shared Shiite identity of Azerbaijan and Iran pre‐ordained a close relationship. In reality, Tehran's suspicions of Azerbaijan's economic rise, coupled with concerns over pan‐Turkic sentiments spread through Iran's northwest, and Iran's own imperial nostalgia have exacerbated an adversarial relationship. Against this backdrop, Azerbaijan's efforts to counterbalance those of Iran and Russia in the Caspian‐South Caucasus region have brought Baku to forge closer ties with Israel.
Autoantigen characterization in the lower esophageal sphincter muscle of patients with achalasia
Authors: Priego‐Ranero Ángel , Opdenakker Ghislain , Uribe‐Uribe Norma , Aguilar‐León Diana , Nuñez‐Álvarez Carlos A. , Hernández‐Ramírez Diego F. , Olivares‐Martínez Elizabeth , Coss‐Adame Enrique , Valdovinos Miguel A. , Furuzawa‐Carballeda Janette , Torres‐Villalobos Gonzalo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerum anti‐myenteric autoantibodies define autoimmune achalasia and tissue MMP‐9 activity may locally process autoantigenic proteins in the muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of achalasia patients.MethodsBiopsies of the LES muscle from 36 achalasia patients, 6 esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) patients, and 16 transplant donors (TD) were compared in a blind cross‐sectional study. Histological characteristics such as inflammation, fibrosis, presence of ganglion cells, cells of Cajal, GAD65, PNMA2, S‐100, P substance, and MMP‐9 proteoforms in tissue were assessed by H&E and Picrosirius Red staining and immunohistochemistry analysis. Anti‐neuronal antibodies, onconeural antigens, recoverin, SOX‐1, titin, zic4, GAD65, and Tr were evaluated by immunoblot/line assay.Key ResultsTissue of achalasia patients had heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrates with fibrosis and contrasting higher levels of activated MMP‐9, as compared with EGJOO and TD. Moreover, lower ganglion cell percentages and cell of Cajal percentages were determined in esophageal tissues of achalasia patients versus TD. The tissues of achalasia versus EGJOO patients had higher GAD65 and PNMA2 protein expression. Unexpectedly, these proteins were absent in TD tissue. S‐100 and P substance had similar expression levels in tissues of achalasia patients versus TD and EGJOO. Most of the achalasia sera had anti‐GAD65 (83%) and anti‐PNMA2 (90%) autoantibodies versus EGJOO (17% and 33%, respectively) and healthy volunteers (10% and 0%, respectively).Conclusions and InferencesTissue‐specific ectopic expression of GAD65 and PNMA/Ta2 and active MMP‐9, associated with the presence of specific autoantibodies directed against these proteins, might participate in the pathophysiology of achalasia triggering and/or perpetuating autoimmune disease.
Publication rate and research topics of studies in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Patry Christian , Cordts Stefanie , Baumann Lukas , Höcker Britta , Fichtner Alexander , Ries Markus , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of medical care for pediatric kidney transplant recipients depends on sound evidence from published clinical trials.MethodsWe examined the publication rate, time to publication, and factors associated with publication of studies in pediatric kidney transplantation registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from 1999 to 2020.ResultsWe identified 136 studies with an overall enrollment of 36255 study participants, of which only 58.8% have been published yet. Unpublished studies included data from 14 350 participants. The median time to publication was 25 months (range, 0–117) with a significantly shorter time to publication in more recent years. The most frequently investigated research topic was immunosuppressants (49.3%), followed by perioperative management (11.0%) and infectiology (10.3%). The percentage of published studies was highest for the topic steroid withdrawal (87.5%), followed by infectiology (78.6%), and nutrition, sports and quality of life (71.4%). Studies, which were co‐funded by industry, showed a significantly higher 5‐year publication rate (p = 0.019).ConclusionsIn conclusion, nearly half of all studies in pediatric kidney transplantation remain unpublished. Non‐publication of studies might lead to a publication bias with a negative impact on clinical decision‐making.