bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monogenic and Polygenic Contributions to QTc Prolongation in the Population
Authors: Nauffal Victor , Morrill Valerie N. , Jurgens Sean J. , Choi Seung Hoan , Hall Amelia W. , Weng Lu-Chen , Halford Jennifer L. , Austin-Tse Christina , Haggerty Christopher M. , Harris Stephanie L. , Wong Eugene K. , Alonso Alvaro , Arking Dan E. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Boerwinkle Eric , Min Yuan-I , Correa Adolfo , Fornwalt Brandon K. , Heckbert Susan R. ,   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Kooperberg Charles , Lin Henry J. , J.F. Loos Ruth , Rice Kenneth M. , Gupta Namrata , Blackwell Thomas W. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Morrison Alanna C. , Psaty Bruce M. , Post Wendy S. , Redline Susan , Rehm Heidi L. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lubitz Steven A. ,   for the TOPMed Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background:
Rare sequence variation in genes underlying cardiac repolarization and common polygenic variation influence QT interval duration. However, current clinical genetic testing of individuals with unexplained QT prolongation is restricted to examination of monogenic rare variants. The recent emergence of large-scale biorepositories with sequence data enables examination of the joint contribution of rare and common variations to the QT interval in the population.

Methods:
We performed a genome-wide association study of the QTc in 84 630 UK Biobank participants and created a polygenic risk score (PRS). Among 26 976 participants with whole-genome sequencing and ECG data in the TOPMed (Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine) program, we identified 160 carriers of putative pathogenic rare variants in 10 genes known to be associated with the QT interval. We examined QTc associations with the PRS and with rare variants in TOPMed.

Results:

Fifty-four independent loci were identified by genome-wide association study in the UK Biobank. Twenty-one loci were novel, of which 12 were replicated in TOPMed. The PRS composed of 1 110 494 common variants was significantly associated with the QTc in TOPMed (ΔQTc
/decile of PRS
=1.4 ms [95% CI, 1.3 to 1.5];
P
=1.1×10
-196
). Carriers of putative pathogenic rare variants had longer QTc than noncarriers (ΔQTc=10.9 ms [95% CI, 7.4 to 14.4]). Of individuals with QTc>480 ms, 23.7% carried either a monogenic rare variant or had a PRS in the top decile (3.4% monogenic, 21% top decile of PRS).

Conclusions:
QTc duration in the population is influenced by both rare variants in genes underlying cardiac repolarization and polygenic risk, with a sizeable contribution from polygenic risk. Comprehensive assessment of the genetic determinants of QTc prolongation includes incorporation of both polygenic and monogenic risk.
A Family and a Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Score Are Independently Associated With Stroke in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Hämmerle Michelle , Forer Lukas , Schönherr Sebastian , Peters Annette , Grallert Harald , Kronenberg Florian , Gieger Christian , Lamina Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Positive family history and genetic risk scores have been shown to independently capture those individuals with high risk for stroke. The aim of our study was to evaluate the amount of shared information between family history and genetic risk and to investigate their combined effect on the association with prevalent and incident stroke cases.

Methods:
We obtained a family risk score (FamRS), weighted for disease onset and family size as well as genome-wide polygenic risk score (PGS) including over 3.2 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the population-based prospective KORA F3 (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) study (n=3071) from Southern Germany. FamRS and PGS were evaluated separately and combined. The measures were once treated as continuous variables but also divided in the highest 20%, 10%, 5%, and 1% percentiles. Odds ratios via logistic regression and hazard ratios via Cox regression were estimated. A stroke event was defined as a hospitalization for stroke that was self-reported in a standardized interview by certified and supervised personnel.

Results:

The FamRS outperformed other simplified family measures such as affected parents or number of affected family members. FamRS and PGS were not correlated, and no individuals were observed with both very high FamRS and very high PGS (top 1% percentile). In a combined model, both FamRS and PGS were independently from each other associated with risk of stroke, also independent of other traditional risk factors (p [FamRS]=0.02, p [PGS]=0.005). Individuals in the top 1% of either FamRS or PGS were found to have >5-fold risk for stroke (odds ratios, 5.82 [95% CI, 2.08–14];
P
=0.0002). The results for incident stroke events showed the same trend but were not significant.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that a family risk score and PGS capture different information concerning individual stroke risk. Combining the risk measures FamRS and PGS increases predictive power, as demonstrated in a population-based study.
How to Catch ’Em All? An Investigation of Personality and Gameplay Styles in Pokémon GO
Authors: Kapoor Hansika , Tagat Anirudh , Karandikar Sampada , Ticku Arunima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pokémon GO is a 2016, augmented reality (AR) video game requiring players to move around in the real world and catch Pokémon to complete their collection. Examining different gameplay styles and user psychology in AR games can provide important insights for gameplay design. As multiple self- and other-beneficial strategies can be used to advance in the game, the present study investigated personality and behavioral correlates of four kinds of gameplay: independent, social-dependent, active, and invested. A multinational sample of current Pokémon GO players was recruited (N = 516, Mage = 28.83 years, SD = 9.25) and responded to measures of bright and dark personality traits, as well as a questionnaire on Pokémon GO gameplay behaviors. Results indicated that older players and those with multiple accounts were more likely to engage in most forms of gameplay; further, women were less likely to be active players. Among personality traits, psychopathy was a strong predictor of independent, social-dependent, and invested gameplay; agreeableness explained social-dependent strategies in line with social exchange theory; conscientiousness was associated with being a regular player; and fairness contributed to spending more money on the game (invested gameplay). Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
La faculté de tester dans le Dell’origine e dell’uffizio del notariato de Michele Cusa
Authors: Dobigny-Reverso Anne 
Published: April 2022

Summary
In French law, the current reform plans affecting the reserved portion of inheritance that must devolve upon the heirs (‘legitim’) has revived the debate about the freedom of disposing of one’s estate by will. The debate echoes some of the considerations in Michele Cusa’s (1771-1855) work Dell’origine e dell’uffizio del notariato. The author, who was a notary, was a supporter of the testator’s freedom. His argument consists in a dialogue during which jurists, philosophers and politicians from all over Europe hold the stage. The dialogue reflects the broad culture of a Piemontese notary at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Cusa believed that the freedom to dispose of one’s estate by will was particularly important, because it was the only way to meet real-life social and economic demands, and the complex relationships formed within a family. The testator’s freedom should nonetheless be regulated by statute, so that its excessive use by a father or husband can be restricted.
Forms of suretyship in the Peira in the light of the Basilica
Authors: Tantalos Marios 
Published: April 2022

Summary
This paper attempts to present, analyze and comment on the complex cases of suretyship described in the Peira, an anonymously-compiled casebook consisting of the judgments and verdicts of Eustathios Rhomaios, a judge whose activity spanned the last quarter of the tenth and the first decades of the eleventh century. We focus on legal matters that arise from the chapters in the Peira concerning suretyship with particular reference to their connection with the Basilica, the Greek collection of translations and summaries of Justinian’s codification, completed during the time of Leo the Wise around the year 900. An analysis of the cases discussed in this paper enables us to see and better understand how the Byzantines interpreted and applied law in the eleventh century.
Foreign law without borders in the early vast America
Authors: Ballone Angela 
Published: April 2022

Summary
This work addresses the circulation of legal literature from the Hispanic world into the British Atlantic during the 18th century and within the broader context of the Americas. It wants to break free from the dichotomy between British and Hispanic Atlantic by looking at the early Americas as a space where legal literature moved across borders. The case study analyzed in this work is that of the 17th century Spanish jurist Juan de Solórzano Pereira and its circulation in the British Atlantic. By analyzing the writings of a number of legal practitioners from the British Atlantic (such as James Otis, James Abercromby, and Adam Smith), I discuss the extent to which their knowledge of Solórzano’s work showed a transnational approach when discussing the relationship between the thirteen American colonies and their British mother-country. This study calls scholars’ attention to a number of networks of circulation for legal literature that possibly had more influence than has usually been acknowledged on the legal history of the United States of America. Ultimately, the article shows that much is left to discover about the practical, generative, aspects of legal history in an early modern scenario where Europe and the Americas need to be seen in more nuanced and balanced ways.
Rem de qua controversia est prohibemur in sacrum dedicare
Authors: Heukenkamp Elisabeth 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Rem de qua controversia est prohibemur in sacrum dedicare, D. 44,6,3: Prohibition to dedicate the future matter in dispute into sacred sites. – The only surviving source of the prohibition of dedication is D. 44,6,3, an extraction of Gaius’ commentary concerning the Twelve Tables. It forbids the ‘in sacrum dedicare’ of a ‘rem de qua controversia est’ – both terms of unsecure meaning. This article aims to prove that the first term does not have the creation of a sacred thing in mind, but refers to the dedication of objects in temples as sacred sites, and that the second one relates especially to a future matter in dispute. The prohibition of dedication ensures the litis contestatio of the legis actio sacramento in rem and protects the pretender from a more powerful adversary, in particular a municipality, by according a legis actio sacramento in personam against the person having dedicated. Because the votive offerings to public temples were given into the arca of the temple, which was part of the aerarium. Thus, donations from the owner became res publicae.
Restoring trust and credit through innovative governance in 17th-century Amsterdam
Authors: den Hollander Maurits 
Published: April 2022

Summary
This article explores the important connections between trust, credit, and innovative governance in seventeenth-century Amsterdam. It combines theoretical insights from both (legal) history and sociology to arrive at a broader understanding of the nature and functioning of trust between creditors and debtors. This article also moves beyond the existing literature, empirically testing the effect of innovative legal institutions on economic relations by means of case studies taken from the rich archives left behind by the Desolate Boedelskamer. Through the creation of systemic trust, innovative governance in the form of efficient insolvency legislation helped to restore good faith between creditors and debtors, strengthening both Amsterdam’s economy and civic community.
More Syriac Graffiti at the Southern Entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Authors: Locatell Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents nine Syriac graffiti which until now have been overlooked in the literature on the well-known inscriptions at the entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. These additional graffiti attest to known and unknown Syriac pilgrims who visited the church. Some can be located within the Ottoman period while the date of others is less clear. Several of the graffiti are of particular interest. One attests to the visitation of a well-known East Syriac cleric, and another provides a clue to the architectural history of the closed eastern door at the southern entrance.
On Objective Identification of Atmospheric Fronts and Frontal Precipitation in Reanalysis Datasets
Authors: Soster Frederick , Parfitt Rhys 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Reanalysis datasets are frequently used in the study of atmospheric variability owing to their length of record and gridded global coverage. In the midlatitudes, much of the day-to-day atmospheric variability is associated with atmospheric fronts. These fronts are also responsible for the majority of precipitation in the midlatitudes, and are often associated with extreme weather, flooding, and wildfire activity. As such, it is important that identification of fronts and their associated rainfall remains as consistent as possible between studies. Nevertheless, it is often the case that only one reanalysis dataset and only one objective diagnostic for the detection of atmospheric fronts is used. By applying two different frontal identification methods across the shared time period of eight reanalysis datasets (1980–2001), it is found that the individual identification of fronts and frontal precipitation is significantly affected by both the choice of identification method and dataset. This is shown to subsequently impact the climatologies of both frontal frequency and frontal precipitation globally with significant regional differences as well. For example, for one diagnostic, the absolute multireanalysis range in the global mean frontal frequency and the proportion of precipitation attributed to atmospheric fronts are 12% and 69%, respectively. A percentage reduction of 77% and 81%, respectively, in these absolute multireanalysis ranges occurs, however, upon regridding all datasets to the same coarser grid. Therefore, these findings have important implications for any study on precipitation variability and not just those that consider atmospheric fronts.
Changes in nationwide in-hospital stroke care during the first four waves of COVID-19 in Germany
Authors: Dengler Julius , Prass Konstantin , Palm Frederick , Hohenstein Sven , Pellisier Vincent , Stoffel Michael , Hong Bujung , Meier-Hellmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf , Bollmann Andreas , Rosahl Steffen 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In the early stages of the global COVID-19 pandemic hospital admissions for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) decreased substantially. As health systems have become more experienced in dealing with the pandemic, and as the proportion of the population vaccinated rises, it is of interest to determine whether the prevalence of AIS hospitalization and outcomes from hospitalization have returned to normal. Patients and methods: In this observational, retrospective cohort study, we compared the prevalence and outcomes of AIS during the first four waves of the pandemic to corresponding pre-pandemic periods in 2019 using administrative data collected from a nationwide network of 76 hospitals that manages 7% of all in-hospital cases in Germany. Results: We included 25,821 AIS cases in the study period (2020/2021) and used 26,295 AIS cases as controls (2019). Compared to pre-pandemic numbers, mean daily AIS admissions decreased only during wave 1 (from 39.6 to 34.1; p < 0.01) and wave 2 (from 39.9 to 38.3; p = 0.03) and returned to normal levels during waves 3 and 4. AIS case fatality increased in wave 1 only (from 6.0% to 7.6%; p = 0.03). We observed a consistent decrease in the prevalences of arterial hypertension, diabetes, and obesity among AIS cases throughout the pandemic and no changes in rates of systemic thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, or decompressive craniectomy. The rate of transfer to stroke units increased only during waves 2 (by 4.6%; p < 0.01) and 3 (by 3.0%; p < 0.01). The proportion of patients with coinciding SARS-CoV-2 and AIS was low, peaking at 3.4% in wave 2 and subsequently decreasing to 0.4% in wave 4. Conclusion: In Germany, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have had a larger effect on nationwide in-hospital AIS care during the early pandemic stages, in which AIS case numbers decreased and case fatality rose. This may reflect a nationwide “learning curve” within health care systems in providing AIS care in times of a pandemic.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) provides insights into its genome evolution
Authors: Wu Chang-Song , Ma Zi-You , Zheng Guo-Dong , Zou Shu-Ming , Zhang Xu-Jie , Zhang Yong-An 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The grass carp has great economic value and occupies an important evolutionary position. Genomic information regarding this species could help better understand its rapid growth rate as well as its unique body plan and environmental adaptation.

Results
We assembled the chromosome-level grass carp genome using the PacBio sequencing and chromosome structure capture technique. The final genome assembly has a total length of 893.2 Mb with a contig N50 of 19.3 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 35.7 Mb. About 99.85% of the assembled contigs were anchored into 24 chromosomes. Based on the prediction, this genome contained 30,342 protein-coding genes and 43.26% repetitive sequences. Furthermore, we determined that the large genome size can be attributed to the DNA-mediated transposable elements which accounted for 58.9% of the repetitive sequences in grass carp. We identified that the grass carp has only 24 pairs of chromosomes due to the fusion of two ancestral chromosomes. Enrichment analyses of significantly expanded and positively selected genes reflected evolutionary adaptation of grass carp to the feeding habits. We also detected the loss of conserved non-coding regulatory elements associated with the development of the immune system, nervous system, and digestive system, which may be critical for grass carp herbivorous traits.

Conclusions
The high-quality reference genome reported here provides a valuable resource for the genetic improvement and molecular-guided breeding of the grass carp.
Serum cystatin C is associated with the prognosis in acute myocardial infarction patients after coronary revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jun , Yang Yang , Dai Chuxing , Wang Yimin , Zeng Rui , Liu Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Our study aimed to assess the association between serum cystatin C levels and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients after coronary reconstructive surgery.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to January 21, 2022 without language restriction. Outcomes were major cardiovascular events (MACEs) and mortality. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were merged by random-effect models.

Results
We included 8 studies with a total of 7,394 subjects in our meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that higher-level of serum cystatin C levels were associated with higher risk of MACEs (RR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.63–3.89, P < 0.001) and mortality (RR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.66–4.19, P < 0.001) in AMI patients after coronary revascularization. Subgroup analysis showed that the serum cystatin C levels were associated with significantly higher risk of MACEs (RR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.32–5.60, P = 0.006) and mortality (RR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.21–7.37, P = 0.020) in AMI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, in AMI patients after coronary artery bypass surgery, there were no significantly higher risk of MACEs (RR = 2.41, 95% CI 0.98–5.93, P = 0.05) and mortality (RR = 3.15, 95% CI 0.76–13.03, P = 0.10). Further subgroup analysis showed that this significantly higher risk of MACEs and mortality did not change with the study sample size, study population area or study follow-up time.

Conclusion
The meta-analysis demonstrated that higher serum cystatin C levels were associated with significantly higher risk of MACEs and mortality in AMI patients after PCI. It is a biomarker for risk stratification for predicting the prognosis in AMI patients after PCI.
The association between SYNTAX score and long-term outcomes in patients with unstable angina pectoris: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Xu Min , Chen Hui , Li Hong-Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The SYNTAX score affects clinical outcomes in early studies. However, the prognostic value of the SYNTAX Score for long-term outcomes and differences by SYNTAX score risk stratification in long-term prognosis between medical therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) are not well known in the era of new generation drug-eluting stents and medication.

Methods
In this single-centre retrospective study, a total of 2364 patients with UAP from January 2014 to June 2017 at Beijing Friendship Hospital were enrolled. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke at least 2 years after discharge.

Results
In this study, 1695 patients had low SYNTAX scores ($$\leqq 22$$

≦
22

), 432 patients had medium SYNTAX scores (23–32), 237 patients had high SYNTAX scores (≥ 33), 1018 received medical therapy, and 1346 patients underwent PCI. Long-term MACEs occurred in 95 patients during the 3.38 ± 0.99-year follow-up. Compared to the medical therapy group, the PCI group showed lower MACEs and cardiac death in patients with high SYNTAX scores (7.4% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.048; 3.7% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.004) but no reduction in patients with low and medium SYNTAX scores. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced age, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), hs-CRP and high SYNTAX score were independent predictors for MACEs in the medical therapy group (P < 0.05), whereas chronic kidney disease (CKD) and LVEF were predictors of MACEs in the PCI group.

Conclusions
Compared to medical therapy, PCI could only significantly reduce long-term MACEs and cardiac death for patients with high SYNTAX scores but not for patients with low and medium SYNTAX scores. A high SYNTAX score could predict long-term MACEs for UAP patients in the medical therapy group but not in the PCI group.