bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐terahertz property relationship in sodium borosilicate glasses
Authors: Tostanoski Nicholas J. , Möncke Doris , Youngman Randall , Sundaram S. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report, for the first time, an early evidence of structure‐terahertz (THz) property relationship for two tie‐lines within the sodium borosilicate glass system. The NaBSi series was chosen to study the effect of the substitution of silicon dioxide for boron oxide, whereas the BNaSi series studies the substitution of silicon dioxide for sodium oxide. Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared absorption, and Raman spectroscopies were used to determine structural changes across both series. THz time‐domain spectroscopy was used to record the refractive index over the measured bandwidth. Individual measurements at .502 THz were used as a frequency of focus for comparisons. The foundation for the proposed structure‐THz property relationship is based on higher measurable THz refractive index changes correlated to a depolymerized glass network, R > .5, a network consisting of SiO4 tetrahedra and charge‐deficient [BØ4]− tetrahedra‐forming borosilicate danburite and reedmergnerite rings with mixed Si–O–B bridges, and the formation of nonbridging oxygen (nbO) atoms on silicate tetrahedra. A polymerized glass network, R < .5, consists of homonuclear boroxol and silica rings within sodium borate and silicate subnetworks. Calculated and experimental fractions of tetrahedral borate and silicate tetrahedra with one nbO, optical basicity, density, and network connectivity data support the structure‐THz property relationship.
Biomarkers for the early detection of pressure ulcers in the intensive care setting: A comparison between sub‐epidermal moisture measurements and interleukin‐1α
Authors: McEvoy Natalie , Patton Declan , Curley Ger , Boland Fiona , Kearney Cathal , Hogan Grace , Keogh Aoife , Clarke Jennifer , Moore Zena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPressure ulcer (PU) prevention in the intensive care unit (ICU) is an important clinical issue as critically unwell patients are at high risk of developing PUs. However, current methods of PU detection are limited, especially for early detection. This study aimed to establish the correlation between Interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α)/total protein (TP) and sub‐epidermal moisture (SEM) measurements in the early identification of PUs in ICU patients. This study employed an observational research design using the STROBE guidelines. Following ethical approval, 53 participants were recruited and sebum was obtained using Sebutape from weight‐bearing areas (sacrum, heels and a control site). SEM measurements were taken from the same anatomical sites. Both measures were taken at the same time and participants were followed up for 5 days, or until discharge or death. Correlations between SEM delta measurements, IL‐1α, TP and PU incidence and other demographic information were explored using Spearman's correlation for data not normally distributed, and Pearson's R correlation coefficient for normally distributed data. Mean baseline SEM delta measurements indicate abnormal readings for all anatomical sites except the control site, consistent with previous studies. Mean baseline IL‐1α/TP readings were higher for the sacrum versus both heels and, on average, readings were higher for the control site versus all other anatomical locations. This is conflicting, given that the control site was non‐weight bearing. There were very weak or weak correlations between SEM delta measurements and IL‐1α/TP readings. SEM measurements are quick and easy to obtain and results are instant, however Sebutape sampling takes significantly longer and is challenging to conduct among haemodynamically unstable patients. Obtaining SEM measurements is more practical and feasible than Sebutape sampling to assess for the presence of inflammation.
Energetics of reactions between ceramic coating materials and their binary oxide components with silicate melts
Authors: Costa Gustavo , Harder Bryan J. , Bansal Narottam P. , Stokes Jamesa L. , Lilova Kristina , Subramani Tamilarasan , Ushakov Sergey V. , Meisner Kevin J. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper summarizes our previous and current studies of using high‐temperature calorimetry to investigate the energetics of reactions of ceramic coating materials (e.g., yttrium disilicate and 7‐wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia) and their binary oxide components with silicate melts in the CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS) system. Such interactions are found to become stronger (more exothermic) with increasing difference in acid–base character between these materials and the melt. Our results suggest that the reactivity between the coating materials and the melt increases with decreasing thermodynamic stability (less exothermic enthalpy of formation from oxide components) of the coating material. They also suggest that ceramic coating materials made from binary oxides that have less exothermic enthalpies of solution and mixing are less susceptible to CMAS melt corrosion when in contact with an acidic, relatively polymerized, melt rich in SiO2. Thus, we propose that new coating material formulation and CMAS melt corrosion mitigation strategies should be optimized based on the energetic contributions of their binary oxide components.
Flexible multiplex PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus OC43 and influenza A virus in nasopharyngeal swab samples
Authors: Pelegri-Martinez Eduardo , Guruceaga Xabier , Martin-Souto Leire , Abad-Diaz-de-Cerio Ana , Rementeria Aitor , Dominguez-Monedero Alazne , Gallego Mikel , Martinez Oscar , Arana-Arri Eunate , Aranzamendi Maitane , Ramirez-Garcia Andoni 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is the leading tool to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given that it will almost certainly continue to coexist with other respiratory viruses in the coming years, our study aimed to design a multiplex PCR system not affected by supplier outages and with reduced cost compared to the existing commercially available kits.

Methods and results
In this study, combinations of four primers/probe sets were used to construct a flexible RT-qPCR assay which is capable of discriminating between SARS-CoV-2 and the seasonal human coronavirus HCoV-OC43, or even influenza A virus. Additionally, the human RPP30 gene was used as an internal control. To demonstrate the robustness of the assay, it was applied to a collection of 150 clinical samples. The results showed 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to the automatized system used at the hospital and were better when indeterminate samples were analysed.

Conclusions
This study provides an efficient method for the simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43 and influenza A virus, and its efficacy has been tested on clinical samples showing outstanding results.

Significance and impact of the study
The multiplex RT-qPCR design offers an accessible and economical alternative to commercial detection kits for hospitals and laboratories with limited economic resources or facing situations of supply shortage.
Effects of supplementing with Humulus scandens on the growth performance and gut microbiota in piglets
Authors: Hao Lihong , Wang Cheng , Wang Huaizhong , Wang Jiancai , Wang Yong , Hu Hongmei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding Humulus scandens (Hu) on growth performance and gut microbiota in piglets.

Methods and Results
A total of 120 piglets were allocated to four dietary treatments (1) CON, basal diet; (2) T1, basal diet + 2.0% Hu; (3) T2, basal diet + 2.8% Hu and (4) T3, basal diet + 3.6% Hu. The results showed that dietary H. scandens supplementation increased the final body weight and average daily gain. Furthermore, H. scandens supplementation in T1 groups increased the content of total protein, globulin and IgG in serum and the apparent digestibility of crude protein. Gut microbiota analysis showed that H. scandens treatment in T1 groups increased the abundances of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas in cecum content.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that dietary H. scandens supplementation improved the growth performance, immunological function and nutrient apparent digestibility as well as modulating the gut microbiota in piglets.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study contributed to developing new feed resources and might provide an alternative strategy for growth promotion in piglets.
Hybrid incompatibility between Drosophila virilis and D. lummei is stronger in the presence of transposable elements
Authors: Castillo Dean M. , Moyle Leonie C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMismatches between parental genomes in selfish elements are frequently hypothesized to underlie hybrid dysfunction and drive speciation. However, because the genetic basis of most hybrid incompatibilities is unknown, testing the contribution of selfish elements to reproductive isolation is difficult. Here, we evaluated the role of transposable elements (TEs) in hybrid incompatibilities between Drosophila virilis and D. lummei by experimentally comparing hybrid incompatibility in a cross where active TEs are present in D. virilis (TE+) and absent in D. lummei, to a cross where these TEs are absent from both D. virilis (TE−) and D. lummei genotypes. Using genomic data, we confirmed copy number differences in TEs between the D. virilis (TE+) strain and both the D. virilis (TE−) strain and D. lummei. We observed F1 postzygotic reproductive isolation exclusively in the interspecific cross involving TE+ D. virilis but not in crosses involving TE− D. virilis. This mirrors intraspecies dysgenesis where atrophied testes only occur when TE+ D. virilis is the paternal parent. A series of backcross experiments, that accounted for alternative models of hybrid incompatibility, showed that both F1 hybrid incompatibility and intrastrain dysgenesis are consistent with the action of TEs rather than genic interactions. Thus, our data suggest that this TE mechanism manifests as two different incompatibility phenotypes. A further Y‐autosome interaction contributes to additional, sex‐specific, inviability in one direction of this cross‐combination. These experiments demonstrate that TEs that cause intraspecies dysgenesis can increase reproductive isolation between closely related lineages, thereby adding to the processes that consolidate speciation.
Effects of mitochondrial haplotype on pre‐copulatory mating success in male fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
Authors: Koch Rebecca E. , Dowling Damian K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile mitochondria have long been understood to be critical to cellular function, questions remain as to how genetic variation within mitochondria may underlie variation in general metrics of organismal function. To date, studies investigating links between mitochondrial genotype and phenotype have largely focused on differences in expression of genes and physiological and life‐history traits across haplotypes. Mating display behaviours may also be sensitive to mitochondrial functionality and so may also be affected by sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA, with consequences for sexual selection and fitness. Here, we tested whether the pre‐copulatory mating success of male fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) varies across six different mitochondrial haplotypes expressed alongside a common nuclear genetic background. We found a significant effect of mitochondrial haplotype on our measure of competitive mating success, driven largely by the relatively poor performance of males with one particular haplotype. This haplotype, termed ‘Brownsville’, has previously been shown to have complex and sex‐specific effects, most notably including depressed fertility in males but not females. Our study extends this disproportionate effect on male reproductive success to pre‐copulatory aspects of reproduction. Our results demonstrate that mutations in mitochondrial DNA can plausibly affect pre‐copulatory mating success, with implications for future study into the subcellular underpinnings of such behaviours and the information they may communicate.
Cryptic female choice within individual males – A neglected component of the postmating sexual selection?
Authors: Kekäläinen Jukka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCryptic female choice (CFC) is commonly assumed to act only in polyandrous mating systems, which allows females to bias fertilization towards the sperm of particular males. However, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that sperm show significant phenotypic and genotypic variation also within single ejaculates, which have important consequences for offspring phenotype and fitness. Here, I argue that these neglected sources of intra‐male sperm variation often allow CFC to act also within individual males and facilitate fertilization bias towards genetically compatible (or otherwise preferred) sperm haplotypes. In this article, I explain prerequisites for within‐male CFC, the criteria for demonstrating it and summarize accumulated evidence for this emerging selection process. Then, I evaluate prevalence of within‐male CFC and review its potential evolutionary consequences. The aim of this article is to broaden the current definition of CFC by demonstrating that CFC has potential to act in all mating systems, in both internally and externally fertilizing species. Incorporation of the within‐male CFC concept into the current models of sexual selection may provide novel insights into the deeper understanding of selective factors driving the evolution of mating systems and reproductive proteins. Finally, within‐male CFC towards particular sperm haplotypes may increase our understanding of non‐Mendelian inheritance.
Effect of homo‐ and hetero‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria on physicochemical properties, amino acid, and volatile flavor compounds during paocai fermentation by pure culture
Authors: Liu Zhanggen , Xiao Muyan , Xu Yazhou , Li Danyang , Zhu Wenhuan , Huang Tao , Peng Fei , Guan Qianqian , Peng Zhen , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the physicochemical properties, amino acid, and volatile flavor compounds of paocai inoculated with homo‐ (Lactobacillus pentosus NCU050008 and Lactobacillus plantarum NCU001290) and hetero‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCU018030 and Lactobacillus brevis NCU002227). The lactic acid, arginine, cysteine, cineole, and (+)‐3‐carene mainly contributed to the characteristics of paocai fermented inoculated with homo‐fermentative LAB, while the acetic acid, proline, histidine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, phenylalanine, methionine, and trans‐3‐caren‐2‐ol mainly contributed to the characteristics of paocai fermented inoculated with hetero‐fermentative LAB. Principal Component Analysis showed that the metabolism of paocai samples fermented inoculated with homo‐fermentative LAB significantly differed from those in paocai with hetero‐fermentative LAB. This study provides insights into the effects of homo‐ and hetero‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria on the physicochemical properties, amino acid, and volatile flavor in paocai and might help for industrial paocai production.Novelty impact statementThe results of this study showed the physicochemical properties, amino acid, and volatile flavor compounds of paocai inoculated with homo‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria significantly differed from those of paocai inoculated with hetero‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCU018030 and Lactobacillus brevis NCU002227). Moreover, the characteristic compounds of paocai fermented inoculated with homo‐fermentative LAB also differed from those of paocai fermented and inoculated with hetero‐fermentative LAB. Therefore, the data obtained in this study provides a better understanding of the effects of homo‐fermentative lactic acid and hetero‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria on the paocai and would be very beneficial for the production of high‐quality paocai.
Association between changes in loneliness identified through screening and changes in depression or anxiety in older adults
Authors: Steiner John F. , Ross Colleen , Stiefel Matthew , Mosen David , Banegas Matthew P. , Wall Alena E. , Martin Cally , Kelly Tammy S. , Paolino Andrea R. , Zeng Chan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundChanges in loneliness are associated with corresponding changes in depression, anxiety, and general health in population surveys, but few studies have assessed these associations through repeated screening in clinical settings.MethodsRetrospective cohort study among individuals ≥age 65 in an integrated health care system who completed loneliness screening before two annual wellness visits, separated by a mean of 12.9 (SD 2.0) months, between 2013 and 2018. Their responses identified four subgroups: individuals who were persistently lonely; not lonely; experienced an increase (recently lonely); or decrease (previously lonely) in loneliness. Loneliness was assessed with a single item. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2. Anxiety was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐2. Fair/poor general health was assessed by a single item. Linear mixed effects models assessed changes in outcomes after covariate adjustment.ResultsThe cohort comprised 24,666 individuals (19.2% of older adults in the system). Mean age was 73.7 years (SD 6.4); 54.6% were female, and 11.6% were members of racial and ethnic minority groups. Of these individuals, 1936 (7.8%) were persistently lonely, 1687 (6.8%) were recently lonely, 1551 (6.3%) were previously lonely, and 19,492 (79.0%) were not lonely at either time point. After adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical and social variables, recent loneliness was associated with increases in depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.19) and anxiety (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.32–2.10). Previous loneliness was associated with decreases in depression (aOR, 0.46, 95% CI 0.36–0.58) and anxiety (aOR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.90). Changes in loneliness were not associated with changes in general health.ConclusionsChanges in loneliness identified through screening were associated with corresponding changes in depression and anxiety. These findings support the potential value of identifying social risk factors in clinical settings among older adults.
Development of a nomogram for predicting nosocomial infections among patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery
Authors: Yao Xue , Li Na , Lu Ranran , Wang Xujing , Zhang Yujun , Wang Shuhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo construct a predictive nomogram of the risk of nosocomial infections among patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery.BackgroundNosocomial infections are a standout challenge that worsens the prognosis of patients after valve replacement surgery. However, studies on the nomogram of nosocomial infections in these patients have remained scarce.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients (n = 720) following valve replacement surgery from 2018 to 2019 were selected. LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression were utilised to ascertain predictors of nosocomial infections. The predictive performance of the nomogram was appraised by calibration and discrimination. Decision and impact curves were used to assess the clinical utility. Internal validation was implemented via 1000 bootstrap samples to mitigate overfitting. TRIPOD guidelines were used in this study.ResultsOne hundred and fifty one patients (20.97%) experienced nosocomial infections following valve replacement surgery. Heart failure, preoperative anaemia, valve material, American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ IV, prolonged duration of surgery, duration of mechanical ventilation ≥ 24 h and indwelling nasogastric tube were predictors of nosocomial infections. Using these variables, we developed a predictive nomogram of the occurrence of nosocomial infections and the internal validation results demonstrated good discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. The clinical decision and impact curve revealed significant clinical utility.ConclusionsThe present study constructed a nomogram for predicting the risk of nosocomial infections in patients following cardiac valve replacement surgery. This nomogram may strengthen the effective screening of patients at high risk of nosocomial infections.Relevance to clinical practiceThis risk warning tool can assist clinical staff in making decisions and providing individualised infection control measures for patients, which has a significant reference value for clinical practice.No patient or public contributionThe data for this study were obtained from the hospital database, and the entire process of the study did not involve patient participation.
Patients' experiences of cognitive impairment following critical illness treated in an intensive care unit: A scoping review
Authors: Alrø Anette Bjerregaard , Nedergaard Helene Korvenius , Svenningsen Helle , Jensen Hanne Irene , Dreyer Pia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionTreatment with modern technology in an intensive care unit has increased critical illness survival. However, many patients are affected by their critical illness for months or years following discharge, as they experience cognitive impairments. Long‐term cognitive impairments can severely affect patients' quality of life. Exploring patients' experiences on how and which cognitive impairments affect their everyday lives is important to improve planning of relevant research into interventions that may alleviate the burden of post‐intensive cognitive impairments.AimTo review the literature on patients' experiences of cognitive impairment following critical illness treated in an intensive care unit.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cinahl, PsycInfo and Embase in March–May 2021. References and citations in relevant studies were explored. The Covidence tool was used by two independent researchers to identify relevant studies for inclusion. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for critical appraisal. The JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA‐ScR checklist were used (Supporting Information File ).ResultsWe identified 11 relevant qualitative and/or quantitative studies. Four themes were found: ‘Experiencing poor memory’, ‘Managing everyday life’, ‘Unsupported by the healthcare system’ and ‘Strategies for support in recovery’. Patients used various strategies during their recovery and rehabilitation to regain independence and avoid being a burden. They needed information to support their recovery and rehabilitation; otherwise, they felt unsupported and betrayed by the healthcare system.ConclusionPatients experienced various cognitive impairments following critical illness in the intensive care unit, affecting and challenging their quality of life and adaption to everyday life.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge gained by exploring patients' experience of cognitive impairments following critical illness in the intensive care unit can contribute to improve clinical practice by targeting and optimising patients' rehabilitation process.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public involvement in this scoping review.