bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative risk assessment‐epidemic curve prediction model for leafy green outbreak investigation
Authors: Pang Hao , Pouillot Régis , Van Doren Jane M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to leverage quantitative risk assessment to investigate possible root cause(s) of foodborne illness outbreaks related to Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) infections in leafy greens in the United States. To this end, we developed the FDA leafy green quantitative risk assessment epidemic curve prediction model (FDA‐LG QRA‐EC) that simulated the lettuce supply chain. The model was used to predict the number of reported illnesses and the epidemic curve associated with lettuce contaminated with STEC O157 for a wide range of scenarios representing various contamination conditions and facility processing/sanitation practices. Model predictions were generated for fresh‐cut and whole lettuce, quantifying the differing impacts of facility processing and home preparation on predicted illnesses. Our model revealed that the timespan (i.e., number of days with at least one reported illness) and the peak (i.e., day with the most predicted number of reported illnesses) of the epidemic curve of a STEC O157‐lettuce outbreak were not strongly influenced by facility processing/sanitation practices and were indications of contamination pattern among incoming lettuce batches received by the facility or distribution center. Through comparisons with observed number of illnesses from recent STEC O157‐lettuce outbreaks, the model identified contamination conditions on incoming lettuce heads that could result in an outbreak of similar size, which can be used to narrow down potential root cause hypotheses.
Effect of two eccentric hamstring exercises on muscle architectural characteristics assessed with diffusion tensor MRI
Authors: Suskens Jozef J. M. , Secondulfo Laura , Kiliç Özgür , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Reurink Gustaaf , Froeling Martijn , Nederveen Aart J. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Tol Johannes L. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a Nordic hamstring exercise or Diver hamstring exercise intervention on biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle's fascicle length and orientation through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsIn this three‐arm, single‐center, randomized controlled trial, injury‐free male basketball players were randomly assigned to a Nordic, Diver hamstring exercise intervention or control group. The primary outcome was the DTI‐derived fascicle length and orientation of muscles over 12 weeks.ResultsFifty‐three participants were included for analysis (mean age 22 ± 7 years). Fascicle length in the semitendinosus over 12 weeks significantly increased in the Nordic‐group (mean [M]: 20.8 mm, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.8 to 33.8) compared with the Control‐group (M: 0.9 mm, 95% CI: −7.1 to 8.9), mean between‐groups difference: 19.9 mm, 95% CI: 1.9 to 37.9, p = 0.026. Fascicle orientation in the biceps femoris long head over 12 weeks significantly decreased in the Diver‐group (mean: ‐2.6°, 95% CI: −4.1 to −1.0) compared with the Control‐group (mean: −0.2°, 95% CI: −1.4 to 1.0), mean between‐groups difference: ‐2.4°, 95% CI: −4.7 to −0.1, p = 0.039.ConclusionThe Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did significantly increase the fascicle length of the semitendinosus and the Diver hamstring exercise intervention did significantly change the orientation of fascicles of the biceps femoris long head. As both exercises are complementary to each other, the combination is relevant for preventing hamstring injuries.
Decolonizing Sociology Through Collaboration, Co‐Learning and Action: A Case for Participatory Action Research1
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: December 2022

Despite important efforts by postcolonial scholars to “decolonize” sociology, this endeavor remains limited by the scaffolding of empirical research, or the institutionalized practices and beliefs embedded within data collection and researchers' relationship to research subjects. In its current form, this scaffolding excludes “subaltern” voices from critiquing and extending sociological theory, deriving benefits from the study, or informing social actions that stem from the research. This limits the field's understanding of the multi‐faceted impacts of colonialism and retrenches inequalities between scholars and participants. Participatory Action Research (PAR) offers an alternative, decolonial infrastructure. PAR acknowledges the value of knowledge from the periphery and calls for (1) the participation of marginalized research populations in each step of the research process; (2) co‐learning between researchers and participants; and (3) collaborative social action that centers the needs of marginalized research populations. Drawing on a case study of PAR in Rio de Janeiro, I demonstrate how PAR allows sociologists, in partnership with historically colonized groups, to decolonize sociology not only in theory, but in the concrete practices of empirical research.
Tuberculosis treatment without rifampin in kidney/kidney–pancreas transplantation: A case series report
Authors: Radisic Marcelo Victor , Pujato Natalia Rosana , Bravo Pablo Martin , del Grosso Roxana Constanza , Hunter Martin , Beltramino Santiago , Linares González Laura , Cornet María Lucía , del Carmen Rial Maria , Franzini Rosa Livia , Dotta Ana C. , León Luis Roberto , Walther Javier , Uva Pablo Daniel , Werber Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe best approach to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in transplanted patients is still unknown. Current guidelines are based on evidence either extrapolated from other populations or observational. Rifampin‐containing regimens have strong pharmacokinetic interactions with immunosuppressive regimens, with high rates of organ dysfunction and ∼20% mortality. This report describes the results obtained using non‐rifampin‐containing regimens to treat confirmed TB in adult patients with kidney/kidney–pancreas transplantation.MethodsRetrospective data analysis from confirmed TB cases in adult kidney/kidney–pancreas transplant recipients (2006–2019), treated “de novo” with non‐rifampin‐containing regimens.ResultsFifty‐seven patients had confirmed TB. Thirty patients were treated “de novo” with non‐rifampin‐containing regimens. These patients’ mean age was 49.24 (±11.50) years. Induction immunosuppression was used in 22 patients. Maintenance immunosuppression was tacrolimus–mycophenolate–steroids in 13 (43%), sirolimus–mycophenolate–steroids in 6 (20%), and other immunosuppressive regimens in 11 (36%). Belatacept was used in four patients. TB localizations: pulmonary 43%; disseminated 23%; extrapulmonary 33%. Twenty‐seven (90%) patients completed treatment with isoniazid, ethambutol, and levofloxacin (12 months, 23; 9 months, 3; 6 months, 1); 12 of these patients also received pyrazinamide for the first 2 months and were cured with functioning grafts. One patient (3%) lost the graft while on treatment. Two patients (7%) died while on TB treatment. Median (range) follow‐up after completion of TB treatment was 32 (8–150) months. No TB relapses were observed.ConclusionsResults with non‐rifampin‐containing TB treatments in this case series were better (in terms of mortality and graft dysfunction) than those previously described with rifampin‐containing regimens in transplanted patients.
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Evaluating artificial intelligence algorithms for use in veterinary radiology
Authors: Joslyn Steve , Alexander Kate 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence is increasingly being used for applications in veterinary radiology, including detection of abnormalities and automated measurements. Unlike human radiology, there is no formal regulation or validation of AI algorithms for veterinary medicine and both general practitioner and specialist veterinarians must rely on their own judgment when deciding whether or not to incorporate AI algorithms to aid their clinical decision‐making. The benefits and challenges to developing clinically useful and diagnostically accurate AI algorithms are discussed. Considerations for the development of AI research projects are also addressed. A framework is suggested to help veterinarians, in both research and clinical practice contexts, assess AI algorithms for veterinary radiology.
Interdisciplinary collaboration: Data scientists and radiologists
Authors: Wilson Diane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterdisciplinary collaboration has become sought after by most institutions and corporations over the past few decades. This type of collaboration has grown exponentially since the advent of the internet and the information age. With the wave of interest to develop machine learning for the interpretation of diagnostic images it has become necessary for data scientists and radiologists to communicate through interdisciplinary research and collaboration. Such communication requires careful navigation for productive and meaningful outcomes. This article seeks to offer an overview of some previous literature discussing the best practices when forming interdisciplinary collaborative teams, explore some of the communication similarities and differences between the radiologist and data scientist disciplines, share some examples where pitfalls have caused confusion or frustration and re‐work, and also to convey that, through trust, listening skills and knowing one's limitations, much can be learned and accomplished when working together.
REDUCTION OF PAPR USING ASYMMETRIC NUMERAL SYSTEM QC-LDPC WITH HUFFMAN AND ARITHMETIC CODING FOR F-OFDMA SYSTEM
Authors: Idris Azlina , Arham Nurul Famyza , Sulong Siti Maisurah , Meri Mashira , Abdul Rahman Siti Husna 
Published: December 2022

As modern wireless communication systems move towards 5G implementation, the system must provide sophisticated and ubiquitous service and flexibility. Therefore, Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (F-OFDMA) is one of the most suitable modulation techniques used in 5G systems to achieve efficient and reliable wireless communication. Other than that, F-OFDMA also has good quality rather than OFDM since it provides a better result of high side lobes and enlarges the scale of the spectrum analyzer. However, one of the significant problems in the F-OFDMA system is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), affecting the system's overall performance and causing high transmit power at the transmitter. In this paper, combination of Arithmetic Coding (AC) and Huffman coding (HC) with Asymmetric Numeral Systems (ANS) provide better performance for PAPR as well as bit error rate (BER) in F-OFDMA. Both AC and HC are proposed to combine with ANS and Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) since it provides a good result to defeat the high PAPR. BER and PAPR performance were compared for the AC and HC with ANS QC-LDPC. Based on the results, ANS-AC-QCLDPC proved as the best joint method has 35.25% improvement for PAPR while BER has 89.87%. This research also justified that ANS with Arithmetic-QCLDPC and Huffman-QCLDPC give better BER results as well.
Isothermal Pressure Drop for Two-Phase Two-Component Flow in a Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Martinelli R. C. , Boelter L. M. K. , Taylor T. H. M. , Thomsen E. G. , Morrin E. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The static pressure drop accompanying the isothermal two-phase two-component flow of air and eight various liquids, including benzene, water, and S.A.E. 40 oil, was measured for flow conditions varying from all air to all liquid in a 1-in. glass pipe and a ½-in. galvanized-iron pipe. The flow patterns existing at the various flow rates were studied visually and photographically. A macroscopic analysis of the flow phenomenon is presented, which allows the prediction of two-phase two-component static pressure drop under certain flow conditions. The application of the proposed method to the prediction of pressure drop along a pipe in which a fluid is evaporating is tentatively outlined.
Laboratory and Field Tests on Coal-in-Oil Fuels
Authors: Barkley J. F. , Hersberger A. B. , Burdick L. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been determined from extensive laboratory and field tests on the stability of coal suspensions in fuel oil that each installation must be given individual consideration if satisfactory results are to be obtained. However, no particular difficulty in devising equipment or operating routine for efficient use need be experienced. A sufficiently stable suspension of coal in oil for practical purposes can be prepared by dispersing 40 per cent coal by weight ground from 98 to 99 per cent through a 230-mesh screen in heavy fuel oil. Careful control of storage and handling temperatures is required for most successful operation. Combustion efficiency is likely to be slightly less than that of fuel oil. The best opportunity for the successful use of coal-in-oil suspension is in the larger plants with better operating personnel and more readily accessible equipment.
High-Temperature-Steam Corrosion Studies at Detroit
Authors: Rohrig I. A. , Van Duzer R. M. , Fellows C. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A program was undertaken by The Detroit Edison Company to determine the rate of corrosion and the relative corrosion resistance in an unstressed condition of various materials that could be used in the construction of steam generators, piping, and turbines. Specimens were exposed in a steam atmosphere at 380 psi and at temperatures of 925 F and 1100 F. The investigation required 5 years for completion; during that time 46 different materials were studied, including nickel, nickel-copper alloys, chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steels, medium- and low-alloy steels, carbon steels, and alloy cast iron. The tests were conducted under plant-operating conditions, and samples were exposed in superheated station steam for periods ranging from 4000 to 16,000 hr. Weight-loss, hardness, and metallographic data were obtained after successive exposure periods for many of the samples. Trends in the corrosion rate were plotted for some of the materials. The test results, reported in this paper, indicate that the weight loss of plain-carbon steel exposed to 1100 F steam continues at a high rate, whereas the rate of loss of the alloyed materials decreases with time. The high chromium-nickel and the 12-chromium stainless steels were the most corrosion-resistant. The corrosion rate of 0.50 molybdenum and 1.0 chromium steels compared favorably with that of steels containing 5 chromium. Nonferrous materials were not as corrosion-resistant in high-temperature steam as the high-alloy ferrous materials. Materials which corroded rapidly at 1100 F corroded only slightly at 925 F, and at this lower temperature there was little difference between the rate of corrosion of plain carbon and alloy steels.
A New Approach to the Problem of Conditioning Water for Steam Generation
Authors: Hall R. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modern boilers, because of their high operating pressures and ratings, and their high rates of heat adsorption, intensify the problems associated with the continuous operation which is of such critical importance in our vast productive program. For instance, actual consumption of the boiler tubes by the high-pressure boiler water must be continuously guarded against. Destructive boiler scale such as that composed of sodium silicate, sodium-aluminum and sodium-iron silicates, sodium sulphate and sodium phosphate, must not be permitted to form. The boilers must not fill up with sludge, and the turbines must be kept free of deposits on their intricate blading. Suspecting that sodium for a number of reasons is of destructive influence in the boiler water, the author has initiated building boiler waters on a potassium basis, with affirmative results that are set forth in this paper.
Starting with substitution in the boiler water of potassium for the universal sodium equilibrium, the author has been led to give consideration to the problems of “hide-out” of boiler-water salts, corrosion by the bonded oxygen of the boiler water, silica in boiler and turbine, equilibria developed in the superheater in any carry-over of boiler water, and under certain conditions, protection from embrittlement. In systematizing the results which must ensue from the complex network of interrelations of temperature, pressure, and concentration, under these conditions, he makes use of the conceptions of the concentrating-film boiler water, generalizes the temperature-pressure-concentration relations in the form of a Δt function, and points out how the relationship of incongruent solubility between water and the silicates must be controlled.
Formulas for Calculating the Temperature Distribution in Electrical Coils of General Rectangular Cross Section
Authors: Higgins T. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a recent paper (1) Prof. Max Jakob outlined a procedure for calculating the temperature at any point T, the maximum temperature Tm, and the average temperature Ta in an electrical coil maintained at uniform surface temperature. Mr. Jakob derived explicit formulas for certain simple coils, i.e., the circular cylindrical coil, the infinite-plate coil, the spherical coil. The present paper is devoted to effecting formulas for T, Tm, and Ta for the very important case of the toroidal coil of general rectangular cross section. Following Jakob, the procedure is to pose determination of T as a boundary-value problem in the mathematical theory of heat; effect the formal solution for T; and obtain the corresponding formulas for Tm and Ta by use of their known relationship with T. Illustrative of application of the general formulas derived in the present paper, the maximum and average temperatures in a coil of given dimensions are calculated and are found to be in excellent agreement with the known measured values.
Glue-Line Stresses in Laminated Wood
Authors: Dietz A. G. H. , Grinsfelder Henry , Reissner Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With intensified use of timber beams, consisting of laminations of relatively thin boards and planks glued together, the problem of glue lines coming apart under changing conditions of moisture content in the timber has become of considerable importance. From an examination of glued timbers undergoing changes in moisture content, it appears that delamination, when it occurs, most frequently does so when the moisture content is being reduced; during such a dehydrating phase not only does shrinking take place but also checking of the wood. Results of experimentation and field trials indicate that thin laminations are better than thick ones for gluing, and wood species with low moduli are better than species with high moduli. Adhesives must be employed which have high shearing strength and high tensile strength perpendicular to the glue line if laminated beams are to be dependable in service.
The Escher Wyss-AK Closed-Cycle Turbine, Its Actual Development and Future Prospects
Authors: Keller Curt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is the first comprehensive presentation in this country of details of the gas-turbine process employing a closed cycle. In spite of grave handicaps entailed by the war, the development of this turbine proceeded from the first experimental installation in 1939, to the advanced designs which are now available for industrial application.
Determining the Position of the South Magnetic Pole from the Data of the Russian Round-the-World Expeditions of 1820 (Bellingshausen) and 2020 (Admiral Vladimirskii). I. The Bellingshausen Expedition
Authors: Merkouriev S. A. , Boyarskikh V. G. , Demina I. M. , Ivanov S. A. , Soldatov V. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of the 2019−2020 round-the-world expedition of the oceanographic research vessel Admiral Vladimirskii, which repeated the route of F. Bellingshausen and M. Lazarev in 1820, a large volume of magnetic data was obtained, including the data about the Antarctica area. One of the purposes of the performed investigation was to determine the position of the South magnetic pole from experimental data. This was the reason to revisit the data on the declination, which were obtained during the Bellingshausen expedition, and determine the position of the South magnetic pole from those data. In the first part of the present paper, to solve this problem, we propose and realize several methods, which were preliminarily tested on model examples. In the second part, the position of the South magnetic pole is determined from the data on the measurements of the magnitude and components of the magnetic field carried out onboard the oceanographic research vessel Admiral Vladimirskii.
Effectiveness of a training intervention in increasing the use of misoprostol in postabortion care in Malawi: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Magreta Chakhame Bertha , Darj Elisabeth , Mwapasa Mphatso , Kafulafula Ursula , Chiudzu Grace , Maluwa Alfred , Malata Address , Odland Jon Øyvind , Odland Maria Lisa 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe study was conducted to determine effectiveness of a training intervention in increasing use of misoprostol in management of incomplete abortions.DesignA quasi-experimental study with training intervention on use of misoprostol in treatment of incomplete abortion.SettingFive secondary-level public hospitals in Malawi, one in urban and four in semiurban settings. Three intervention and two control sites.ParticipantsRecords of women treated for first-trimester incomplete abortion from March to May 2020 (baseline) and April to June 2021 (endline). Clinical data were collected from 865 records, 421 before and 444 after the intervention in all study sites.InterventionThree-hour theoretical training sessions for 81 healthcare workers were conducted in July 2020 at the three intervention sites.Primary and secondary outcome measuresProportion of women with incomplete abortion treated with misoprostol before and after the intervention. The proportion of women treated with sharp curettage at the study sites.ResultsAt the intervention sites, there was a significant increase in use of misoprostol from 22.8% (95% CI 17.9% to 28.0%) to 35.9% (95% CI 30.5% to 41.6%) and significant reduction in use of sharp curettage from 48.1% (95% CI 41.9% to 54.3%) to 39.4% (95% CI 35.3% to 42.6%) p<0.01 at baseline and endline, respectively. The use of misoprostol was significantly higher at the intervention sites with OR of 5.02 (95% CI 1.7 to 14.7) p<0.05 compared with control sites at the endline in multivariable models, and there was a difference in the difference of 14.4% ((95% CI 10.4% to 18.2%) p<0.001) between the intervention and control sites after the intervention.ConclusionsA training intervention effectively increased the use of misoprostol in the treatment of incomplete abortions. Increasing misoprostol use will make treatment of incomplete abortion cheaper, easier and more easily accessible. Making quality postabortion care accessible to more women may reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Further training interventions are recommended.