bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic, Financial Wellness, and Online Teaching on Schoolteachers’ Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon
Authors: Baroud Tarek , El Masri Jad , Shammaa Hadi , Saleh Mustafa , Chanbour Hani , Salemeh Pascale 
Published: August 2022

Background: Teaching is a mentally and physically draining occupation, and due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the education system shifted to online platforms, which made it even harder. Lebanon is a developing country that is not well prepared for such a daunting outbreak. In addition to its tremendous economic crisis, it will be even harder for teachers to maintain mental stability. The aftermaths of this crisis could, perhaps, impact all the fundamental systems within the country including education
Aim: This study aims to assess stress, anxiety, and depression levels among Lebanese schoolteachers based on the COVID-19 outbreak, the Lebanese economic crisis, and online education.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, enrolling 300 schoolteachers currently working in Lebanon. An online survey was used, assessing sociodemographic factors, teaching status, financial wellness, fear of COVID-19, and mental health. The IFDFW scale is used to assess financial distress, DASS-21 to assess psychological distress, and the COVID-19 fear scale to measure fear.
Results: Results showed that 23% of teachers had severe depression, 25% had severe anxiety, and 16% had severe stress. Depression was correlated to both fear of COVID-19 and financial wellness (p<0.0001 for both). Anxiety and stress were correlated with online teaching (p<0.05), fear of COVID-19 (p<0.001), and financial wellness (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Lebanese teachers showed severe levels of anxiety and stress as a consequence of online teaching, associated as well with depression when correlated with fear of COVID-19 and financial wellness. It is urgent to take measures to keep the Lebanese educational system productive, and dynamic, and prevent the storm of the stressful environment from worsening.
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Online teaching, Pandemic, Economic crisis
Public Release of A-SLOTH: Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos
Authors: Hartwig Tilman , Magg Mattis , Chen Li-Hsin , Tarumi Yuta , Bromm Volker , Glover Simon C. O. , Ji Alexander P. , Klessen Ralf S. , Latif Muhammad A. , Volonteri Marta , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The semianalytical model a-sloth (Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos) is the first public code that connects the formation of the first stars and galaxies to observables. After several successful projects with this model, we publish the source code (https://gitlab.com/thartwig/asloth) and describe the public version in this paper. The model is based on dark matter merger trees that can either be generated based on Extended Press–Schechter theory or be imported from dark matter simulations. On top of these merger trees, a-sloth applies analytical recipes for baryonic physics to model the formation of both metal-free and metal-poor stars and the transition between them with unprecedented precision and fidelity. a-sloth samples individual stars and includes radiative, chemical, and mechanical feedback. It is calibrated based on six observables, such as the optical depth to Thomson scattering, the stellar mass of the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies, the number of extremely metal-poor stars, and the cosmic star formation rate density at high redshift. a-sloth has versatile applications with moderate computational requirements. It can be used to constrain the properties of the first stars and high-z galaxies based on local observables, predicts properties of the oldest and most metal-poor stars in the Milky Way, can serve as a subgrid model for larger cosmological simulations, and predicts next-generation observables of the early universe, such as supernova rates or gravitational wave events.
Exploring the Link between the X-Ray Power Spectra and Energy Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Yang 杨 Haonan 浩楠 , Jin 金 Chichuan 驰川 , Yuan Weimin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are generally considered the scaled-up counterparts of X-ray binaries (XRBs). It is known that the power spectral density (PSD) of the X-ray emission of XRBs shows significant evolution with spectral state. It is not clear whether AGN follow a similar evolutionary trend, however, though their X-ray emission and the PSD are both variable. In this work, we study a sample of nine AGN with multiple long observations with XMM-Newton, which exhibit significant X-ray spectral variation. We perform Bayesian PSD analysis to measure the PSD shape and variation. We find that a large change in the X-ray energy spectrum (mainly the change in flux state) is often accompanied by a large change in the PSD shape. The emergence of a high-frequency break in the PSD also depends on the spectral state. Among the four sources with significant high-frequency PSD breaks detected, three show the break only in the high-flux state, while the remaining one shows it only in the low-flux state. Moreover, the X-ray rms variability in different spectral states of an AGN is found to vary by as much as 1.0 dex. These results suggest that the different variability properties observed are likely caused by different physical processes dominating different spectral states. Our results also indicate that the intrinsic PSD variation can introduce a significant fraction of the dispersion as reported for the correlations between various X-ray variability properties and the black hole mass.
A White Dwarf–Main-sequence Binary Unveiled by Time-domain Observations from LAMOST and TESS
Authors: Zheng Ling-Lin , Gu Wei-Min , Sun Mouyuan , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Yi Tuan , Wu Jianfeng , Wang Junfeng , Fu Jin-Bo , Qi Sen-Yu , Yang Fan , Wang Song , Wang Liang , Bai Zhong-Rui , Zhang Haotong , Li Chun-Qian , Shi Jian-Rong , Zong Weikai , Bai Yu , Liu Jifeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report a single-lined white dwarf–main-sequence binary system, LAMOST J172900.17+652952.8, which is discovered by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)’s medium-resolution time-domain surveys. The radial-velocity semi-amplitude and orbital period of the optical visible star are measured by using follow-up observations with the Palomar 200 inch telescope and light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Thus the mass function of the invisible candidate white dwarf is derived, f(M
2) = 0.120 ± 0.003 M
⊙. The mass of the visible star is measured based on a spectral energy distribution fitting, M
1 =

0.81

−
0.06

+
0.07

M

⊙

. Hence, the mass of its invisible companion is M
2 ≳ 0.63 M
⊙. The companion ought to be a compact object rather than a main-sequence star owing to the mass ratio q = M
2/M
1 ≳ 0.78 and the single-lined spectra. The compact object is likely to be a white dwarf if the inclination angle is not small, i ≳ 40°. By using the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) near-UV flux, the effective temperature of the white dwarf candidate is constrained as

T

eff

WD

≲ 12,000–13,500 K. It is difficult to detect white dwarfs which are outshone by their bright companions via single-epoch optical spectroscopic surveys. Therefore, optical time-domain surveys can play an important role in unveiling invisible white dwarfs and other compact objects in binaries.
Thermal Instability in Radiation Hydrodynamics: Instability Mechanisms, Position-dependent S-curves, and Attenuation Curves
Authors: Proga Daniel , Waters Tim , Dyda Sergei , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Local thermal instability can plausibly explain the formation of multiphase gas in many different astrophysical environments, but the theory of local TI is only well-understood in the optically thin limit of the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD). Here, we lay groundwork for transitioning from this limit to a full RHD treatment assuming a gray opacity formalism. We consider a situation where the gas becomes thermally unstable due to the hardening of the radiation field when the main radiative processes are free–free cooling and Compton heating. We identify two ways in which this can happen: (i) when the Compton temperature increases with time, through a rise in either the intensity or energy of a hard X-ray component; and (ii) when attenuation reduces the flux of the thermal component such that the Compton temperature increases with depth through the slab. Both ways likely occur in the broad-line region of active galactic nuclei where columns of gas can be ionization-bounded. In such instances where attenuation is significant, thermal equilibrium solution curves become position-dependent and it no longer suffices to assess the stability of an irradiated column of gas at all depths using a single equilibrium curve. We demonstrate how to analyze a new equilibrium curve—the attenuation curve—for this purpose, and we show that, by Field’s instability criterion, a negative slope along this curve indicates that constant-density slabs are thermally unstable whenever the gas temperature increases with depth.
ALMA Detection of Parsec-scale Blobs at the Head of a Kiloparsec-scale Jet in the Nearby Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068
Authors: Michiyama Tomonari , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Doi Akihiro , Khangulyan Dmitry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at ≈100 GHz with 0.″05 (3 pc) resolution of the kiloparsec-scale jet seen in the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, and we report the presence of parsec-scale blobs at the head of the jet. The combination of the detected radio flux (≈0.8 mJy), spectral index (≈0.5), and blob size (≈10 pc) suggests a strong magnetic field of B ≈ 240 μG. Such a strong magnetic field most likely implies magnetic field amplification by streaming cosmic rays. The estimated cosmic-ray power of the jet may exceed the limit set by the star formation activity in this galaxy. This result suggests that even modest-power jets can increase the galactic cosmic-ray content while propagating through the galactic bulge.
Visual outcomes of toxic optic neuropathy secondary to Ethambutol: A retrospective observational study from India, an endemic country
Authors: Ambika Selvakumar , Lakshmi K Padma , Gopal Madhumita , Noronha Olma V 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line drugs used for treating tuberculosis. Vision loss due to optic nerve toxicity is a well-known potential side effect of the drug. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical features and visual outcomes of patients with EMB optic neuropathy (EON).

Methods:
A retrospective, observational, single-center study of all patients who were diagnosed to have EON during January 2017–December 2019 was done. All these patients were screened in the Department of Neuro-ophthalmology at a referral tertiary eye care institution in India. Clinical features, visual outcomes, and neuroimaging findings of these patients were analyzed.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-six eyes of 128 patients were included. Of these, 73 were male and 55 were female. Mean age was 50.55 ± 15 years. Mean visual acuity at presentation was 1.12 ± 0.45 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). One hundred and forty three eyes had normal optic disk on presentation, 111 had disk pallor, and two eyes had disk edema. The most common field defect was central/paracentral scotoma (26.2%) followed by temporal defects (24.6%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain and orbit showed optic nerve signals in 19.6% and chiasmal signals in 5.2%. At the final follow-up, a ≥2-line vision improvement was noted in 161 eyes (62.9%), which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Multiple prognostic factors were analyzed to predict the visual recovery of EON. We observed that patients presenting with visual acuity worse than 6/60 had poor visual outcome and long duration of follow-up showed better visual recovery, proving the possibility of a gradual recovery pattern of EON. Interestingly, we found in our study that the chances of favorable visual outcome were directly proportionate to early diagnosis and cessation of EMB.
Safety, Tolerability, and Parasite Clearance Kinetics in Controlled Human Malaria Infection after Direct Venous Inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites: A Model for Evaluating New Blood-Stage Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Chughlay M. Farouk , Chalon Stephan , El Gaaloul Myriam , Gobeau Nathalie , Möhrle Jörg J. , Berghmans Pieter-Jan , Van Leuven Katrin , Marx Michael W. , Rosanas-Urgell Anna , Flynn Julia , Escoffier Emilie , Izquierdo-Juncàs Daniel , Jansen Bastiaan , Mitov Venelin , Kümmel Anne , Van Geertruyden Jean-Pierre , Barnes Karen I. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) direct venous inoculation (DVI) using cryopreserved, infectious PfSPZ (PfSPZ Challenge [Sanaria, Rockville, Maryland]) is an established controlled human malaria infection model. However, to evaluate new chemical entities with potential blood-stage activity, more detailed data are needed on safety, tolerability, and parasite clearance kinetics for DVI of PfSPZ Challenge with established schizonticidal antimalarial drugs. This open-label, phase Ib study enrolled 16 malaria-naïve healthy adults in two cohorts (eight per cohort). Following DVI of 3,200 PfSPZ (NF54 strain), parasitemia was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from day 7. The approved antimalarial artemether-lumefantrine was administered at a qPCR-defined target parasitemia of ≥ 5,000 parasites/mL of blood. The intervention was generally well tolerated, with two grade 3 adverse events of neutropenia, and no serious adverse events. All 16 participants developed parasitemia after a mean of 9.7 days (95% CI 9.1–10.4) and a mean parasitemia level of 511 parasites/mL (95% CI 369–709). The median time to reach ≥ 5,000 parasites/mL was 11.5 days (95% CI 10.4–12.4; Kaplan–Meier), at that point the geometric mean (GM) parasitemia was 15,530 parasites/mL (95% CI 10,268–23,488). Artemether-lumefantrine was initiated at a GM of 12.1 days (95% CI 11.5–12.7), and a GM parasitemia of 6,101 parasites/mL (1,587–23,450). Mean parasite clearance time was 1.3 days (95% CI 0.9–2.1) and the mean log10 parasite reduction ratio over 48 hours was 3.6 (95% CI 3.4–3.7). This study supports the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of PfSPZ Challenge by DVI for evaluating the blood-stage activity of candidate antimalarial drugs.
Preparation and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Agnikumara Rasa (B.R Jwaradhikara) Prepared with Variation in Number of Bhavana (Levigation)
Authors: Keerthana Madappattu  , R Rajam  
Published: August 2022

Rasasastra is a specialised branch of Ayurveda that deals with Rasa dravyas which include Visha dravyas used for the preparation of therapeutically potent medicines. Agnikumara rasa of Bhaishajya Ratnavali Jwara adhikara reference is one such herbal formulation that contains a major proportion of Shodhita Vatsanabha and other ingredients of Maricha, Vacha, Kushta, Mushta, and Ardraka. It is a Kharaliya yoga (a formulation prepared in mortar) prepared by Bhavana samskara (levigation). As the number of levigation is not mentioned, three samples were prepared by doubling the number of Bhavana (levigation) of the preceding sample and physico-chemical analysis of these samples was done and compared. In Charaka samhita Vimanasthana, Acharya has explained the relevance of Samskara for imparting new Gunas (properties) and thereby potentiating the drug. The present study was done to identify a better analytical profile among the samples. It was found that some of the analytical parameters like hardness, disintegration time were modified with Bhavana which may increase the bioavailability of the drug and thereby its therapeutic potency.
MIDWIFE KNOWLEDGE IN EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER USING VISUAL INSPECTION WITH ACETIC ACID METHOD
Authors: Sari Deviati Juwita , Lestari Pudji , Mulawardhana Pungky 
Published: August 2022

Knowledge of a midwife in to do VIA examination will influence achievement VIA examination. Study this aim for knowing connection Among education and training status with knowledge midwife in detection early cancer cervix use method Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in Banjarmasin City. Research design this is cross-sectional in 26 Puskesmas in Banjarmasin City March – November 2020 with amount sample as many as 172 respondents, retrieval technique sample use non-probability sampling technique is purposive sampling . Instrument study in the form of questionnaires and reports from the Department of Health. Data analysis is carried out by computerization. A total of 172 respondents obtained part big respondents who have P2B and D3 Midwifery education have knowledge not enough by 61.6% and the majority respondents who have not once follow training have knowledge not enough as much as 67.9%. Statistical test results show no there is connection Among education (p = 0,171) and training status (p = 0,001) with knowledge midwife in detection early cancer cervix with use VIA method. Research results show no there is connection Among education and there connection between training status with knowledge midwife in detection early cancer cervix use VIA method in Banjarmasin City. Training is one the step that becomes consideration in increase performance midwife in detection cancer cervical .
INTEGRATED URBAN PLANNING: directions, resources and territories
Authors: Anguillari Enrico , Dimitrijević Branka 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the book on integrated urban planning (IUP) is to present ongoing research from the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). Although sustainability and resilience have been largely explored in many complex social-ecological systems, they have only recently been applied in the context of cities. Both concepts are useful when seeking an integrated approach to urban planning as they help to look at the city as an interconnected, multi-dimensional system. Analysing the sustainability and the resilience of urban systems involves looking at environmental, social and economic aspects, as well as at those related to technology, culture and institutional structures. Sustainability, resilience as well as integrated urban development are all focused on process. Their objectives are typically defined around the ongoing operation of the process and they can change during the time. Therefore, building a sustainable and resilient city is a collective endeavor that is about mindsets just as much as about physical structures and their operation, where capacity to anticipate and plan for the future, to learn and to adapt are paramount. The papers published in this book show that the recent and current research in those institutions focuses on the directions of development of IUP, the processes that support sustainable and resilient use of natural resources and their application in the Western Balkan and some other European countries. Each essay aims to provide an overview of key aspects of the research topic. The division of the book into three parts - directions, resources and territories - underlines how the challenges that the contemporary city poses can be dealt with more effectively by integrating different paradigms, concepts and trends of urban development and governance; taking into account the numerous problems linked to the availability and exploitation of the main natural and non-natural resources; and looking at the city and the territory as systems in constant transformation, not reducible within rigid dichotomies such as urban/rural, dense/sprawled, formal/informal, etc.
Alternativas de vivienda en la ciudad de Machala
Authors: Romero Valdiviezo Elsi América , Carrión Romero Leyden Oswaldo , Tacuri Rivas Marco Antonio , Oyola Estrada Erwin Javier , Cabrera Gordillo Jorge Paúl , Aguirre Morales Fredy Alejandro 
Published: August 2022

Para determinar la funcionalidad de viviendas para personas adultas o con algún tipo de discapacidad, en la ciudad de Machala, Provincia de El Oro; se investigó a una población de 411 usuarios de tres urbanizaciones, en las cuales se determinó que las casas construidas de dos plantas, ubican los dormitorios en la planta alta, dando como resultado una inconformidad entre los habitantes. Como resultado se obtuvo que en la urbanización Ciudad Verde, San Patricio y Santa Inés; el 81,16%, 86,36% y 80,27% respectivamente; manifestaron que es necesario un dormitorio en la planta baja con baño completo para adultos mayores, discapacitados o con alguna incapacidad física; la misma que para un buen funcionamiento debe tener dimensiones mínimas de 2.70mts x 2.80mts. Estos clientes hacen un llamado a las constructoras inmobiliarias, para que promocionen viviendas que sean confortables y funcionales tanto para personas jóvenes como de edad avanzada. Las empresas constructoras deben pensar en buscar la satisfacción de los clientes, implementando soluciones inmediatas en lo relacionado a la planificación de los diseños arquitectónicos de las viviendas, que les permitan la construcción de un producto con calidad, que contribuya al bienestar y confort de las personas.