bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Sex Trade: Fairs and the Livelihoods of Female Itinerant Sex Workers in Early Nineteenth-Century Finland
Authors: Vainio-Korhonen Kirsi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the early nineteenth century, sex work was one of the many ways for poor women to earn a living. In addition to sex work, women who sold sex also did laundering and other cleaning work, worked as tavern maids, petty traders, or as servants for families. This chapter investigates female sex workers who travelled and moved between different towns and counties. In general, sex work did not seem to stigmatize women among the poor. Most sex workers did not stand out, neither socially nor geographically, from other disadvantaged town dwellers. However, as the analysis demonstrates, one group of women were indeed condemned, namely mobile women, who travelled around, selling sex at fairs and in marketplaces.
Holographic entanglement density for spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Sik , Kim Keun-Young , Sun Ya-Wen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate the properties of the holographic entanglement entropy of the systems in which the U(1) or the translational symmetry is broken spontaneously. For this purpose, we define the entanglement density of the strip-subsystems and examine both the first law of entanglement entropy (FLEE) and the area theorem. We classify the conditions that FLEE and/or the area theorem obey and show that such a classification may be useful for characterizing the systems. We also find universalities from both FLEE and the area theorem. In the spontaneous symmetry breaking case, FLEE is always obeyed regardless of the type of symmetry: U(1) or translation. For the translational symmetry, the area theorem is always violated when the symmetry is weakly broken, independent of the symmetry breaking patterns (explicit or spontaneous). We also argue that the log contribution of the entanglement entropy from the Goldstone mode may not appear in the strongly coupled systems.
Utility of Pentraxin-3 as a biomarker for diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anand Sachit , Pakkasjärvi Niklas , Bajpai Minu , Krishnan Nellai , Goswami Chandramouli , Suominen Janne S. , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Goel Prabudh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically summarize all relevant data and to define the current evidence on the utility of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) as a biomarker for acute appendicitis (AA) in children.

Methods
This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies comparing the levels of PTX3 in patients with AA vs healthy controls or non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP). Mean differences were calculated for all outcomes and the inverse variance method was used for weighted mean difference. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale.

Results
Five comparative studies were included. Significantly elevated levels of PTX3 in cases with AA vs healthy controls (WMD: 9.56, 95% CI 7.24–11.88, p < 0.00001), and patients with AA vs NSAP (WMD: 8.05, 95% CI 6.81–9.29, p < 0.00001) were demonstrated. Similarly, in separate meta-analyses, the levels of PTX3 were significantly elevated in children with AA vs healthy controls (WMD: 11.18, 95% CI 10.03–12.34, p < 0.00001), and children with AA vs NSAP (WMD: 8.35, 95% CI 6.88–9.82, p < 0.00001).

Conclusions
PTX3-levels are elevated in AA, but differentiation between perforated and non-perforated appendicitis demands other methods.
Der vernünftige Grund zur Tötung eines Tieres am Beispiel der Dachsjagd – 17 Nr. 1 TierSchG im Lichte des Art. 20a GG und des Allgemeinen Teils des StGB
Authors: Gerhold Sönke Florian 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungÜber Jahrhunderte hinweg konnte die Jagd von den Jagdausübungsberechtigten zum sog. Jagdvergnügen,
zum Zeitvertreib oder auch zum bloßen Beweis eigenen Geschicks gepflegt werden. Eines besonderen Grundes
oder einer besonderen Rechtfertigung zur Tötung des Wildes bedurfte es nicht. Auch nach Einführung
des das Tierleben schützenden 17 Nr. 1 TierSchG im Jahr 1972 war es verbreitete Auffassung, dass das
Töten des Wildes als der Jagd immanent keines weiteren Grundes bedürfe oder aber ein solcher stets
zu bejahen sei. Ob sich diese Sichtweise auch nach Aufnahme der Tiere in Art. 20a GG aufrechterhalten
lässt und, falls nein, welche Konsequenzen hieraus für das Verhältnis von BJagdG und TierSchG
sowie für die dogmatische Einordnung und die Auslegung des Merkmals “ohne vernünftigen Grund”
zu ziehen sind, soll im Folgenden am Beispiel der Dachsjagd erläutert werden, da diese noch heute scheinbar
häufig aus den eingangs genannten Motiven heraus erfolgt.
Accurate computations with matrices related to bases {tieλt}
Authors: Mainar E. , Peña J. M. , Rubio B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe total positivity of collocation, Wronskian and Gram matrices corresponding to bases of the form (eλt,teλt,…,tneλt) is analyzed. A bidiagonal decomposition providing the accurate numerical resolution of algebraic linear problems with these matrices is derived. The numerical experimentation confirms the accuracy of the proposed methods.
Real-time Feedback to Improve HIV Treatment Adherence in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sabin Lora L. , Simmons Elizabeth , Halim Nafisa , Hamer Davidson H. , Gifford Allen L. , West Rebecca L. , Larson Anna , Bonawitz Rachael , Aroda Philip , Banigbe Bolanle , Holderman Alayna J. , Murray Lisa , DeSilva Mary B. , Gasuza Julia , Mukasa Barbara , Messersmith Lisa J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe assessed an intervention aimed at improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (PPWLH). We randomized 133 pregnant women initiating ART in Uganda to receive text reminders generated by real time-enabled electronic monitors and data-informed counseling through 3 months postpartum (PPM3) or standard care. Intention-to-treat analyses found low adherence levels and no intervention impact. Proportions achieving ≥95% adherence in PPM3 were 16.4% vs. 9.1% (t = -1.14, p = 0.26) in intervention vs. comparison groups, respectively; 30.9% vs. 29.1% achieved ≥80% adherence. Additional analyses found significant adherence declines after delivery, and no effect on disease progression (CD4-cell count, viral load), though treatment interruptions were significantly fewer in intervention participants. Per-protocol analyses encompassing participants who used adherence monitors as designed experienced better outcomes, suggesting potential benefit for some PPWLH. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT02396394).
Fragility curves for light damage of clay masonry walls subjected to seismic vibrations
Authors: Korswagen Paul A. , Longo Michele , Rots Jan G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe probability of light damage to unprepared, unreinforced masonry structures exposed to induced seismicity due to gas extraction in the north of the Netherlands is still under investigation. Repeated light seismic excitations caused by frequent, light and nearby earthquakes have been linked to economical losses and societal unrest in particular, with extensive damage claims. Moreover, the damaging potential of the seismic events has been related to the condition of the structure, especially if damage corresponding to settlement causes is already present. A comprehensive testing campaign oriented towards the initiation and progression of light damage of replicated clay brick masonry has been conducted at Delft University of Technology. Based on these tests, calibrated finite element models have been produced. This article uses the calibrated non-linear time-history models to simulate the effect of earthquake ground motion on a variety of initial conditions, wall geometry, material properties, and number, type and intensity of earthquakes. The results are then used to regress a relationship between damage and these parameters. This is subsequently employed to run a MonteCarlo simulation and produce fragility curves where the probability of exceeding specific damage values for various initial damage levels is presented against the seismic hazard. The vulnerability or fragility curves show that visible damage, with cracks wider than 0.1 mm, appears, with a 10% exceedance probability, at 13 mm/s of peak ground velocity; but, if the masonry had already undergone some light, yet imperceptible damage, a PGV of 6 mm/s was sufficient to aggravate it into visible cracks. To attain a 1% probability of exceeding light damage however, for which the masonry would need more invasive repair, it was observed that PGVs larger than 15 mm/s were required. These fragility curves were finally compared to graphs from other authors and found to capture well the variability in the range assigned to light damage.
Mapping soil liquefaction susceptibility across Europe using the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Meisina C. , Bonì R. , Bozzoni F. , Conca D. , Perotti Cesare , Persichillo Pina , Lai C. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMapping the susceptibility of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction at the continental scale is a challenge. Susceptibility of soils to liquefaction is the tendency of certain geomaterials to undergo a severe stiffness degradation and loss of shear strength. The latter could be induced by cyclic loading induced by seismic events. The liquefaction surface evidence is a local phenomenon, and detailed geotechnical field investigations are not available for regional studies, not to mention at continental scales. The literature review shows earthquake-induced soil liquefaction evidence in several European countries, yet, a comprehensive picture of the susceptibility at the European scale is not available. This work aims to develop a methodology to assess the earthquake-induced soil liquefaction susceptibility in Europe using geospatial parameters weighted via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The major outcome of the study is a novel Liquefaction Susceptibility map of Europe (LSE), based on the building of ten different European macro-units for earthquake-induced soil liquefaction. These European macro-units have been delineated in this work in order to be homogenous areas from the geological, physiographical, and geomorphological points of view. The adopted input parameters are the depositional environment of the sediments, the distance from water bodies (coast and rivers), and the compound topographic index (as a proxy of the soil saturation). The resolution of the LSE map is 900 × 900 m. The results have been cross-compared with soil liquefaction susceptibility maps available for a region of Greece (i.e. Thrace), Portugal, Bulgaria, and sites where liquefaction manifestations occurred across Europe. The LSE can be adopted to identify at large scale the areas susceptible to liquefaction including also the territories across Europe characterized by low seismicity and potentially affected by anthropogenic seismicity.
Learning analytics to predict students’ performance: A case study of a neurodidactics-based collaborative learning platform
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Carlos Javier , Calle-Alonso Fernando , Vega-Rodríguez Miguel A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, 29 features were defined and implemented to be automatically extracted and analysed in the context of NeuroK, a learning platform within the neurodidactics paradigm. Neurodidactics is an educational paradigm that addresses optimization of the learning and teaching process from the perspective of how the brain functions. In this context, the features extracted can be fed as input into various machine learning algorithms to predict the students’ performance. The proposed approach was tested with data from an international course with 698 students. Accuracies greater than 0.99 were obtained in predicting the students’ final performance. The best model was achieved with the Random Forest algorithm. It selected 7 relevant features, all with a clear interpretation in the learning process. These features are related to the principles of neurodidactics, and reflect the importance of a social learning and constructivist approach in this context. This work constitutes a first step in relating the tools of learning analytics to neurodidactics. The method, after its adaptation to capture relevant features corresponding to different contexts, could be implemented on other management learning platforms, and applied to other online courses with the aim of predicting the students’ performance, including real-time tracking of their progress and risk of dropout.
Morin Inhibits Dox-Induced Vascular Inflammation By Regulating PTEN/AKT/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Yu Jing , Qi Hai-Liang , Zhang Hong , Zhao Zi-Yu , Jing-Zhao  , Nie Zi-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe side effects of doxorubicin (Dox) may influence the long-term survival of patients with malignancies. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms generating these side effects induced by Dox and identify effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were significantly increased in vascular tissues of Dox-treated mice and Dox-treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, we revealed that Dox downregulated the phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) level while upregulated p-AKT and p65 level in VSMCs in vitro. Overexpression of PTEN in VSMCs partly reversed Dox-induced inflammation. Importantly, we demonstrated that Morin could inhibit Dox-induced inflammation by facilitating an increase of PTEN, thus inhibiting the activation of protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/pathway. Additionally, we showed that Morin could reduce the miR-188-5p level, which was increased in Dox-treated VSMCs. Inhibition of miR-188-5p suppressed Dox-induced vascular inflammation in vitro. In conclusion, Morin reduced the Dox-induced vascular inflammatory by moderating the miR-188-5p/PTEN/AKT/NF-κB pathway, indicating that Morin might be a therapeutic agent for overcoming the Dox-induced vascular inflammation.
Prevalence of gambling disorder and its correlates among homeless men in Osaka city, Japan
Authors: Hwang Chiyoung , Takano Taichi , So Ryuhei , Sahker Ethan , Kawakami Sho , Livingstone Charles , Takiguchi Naoko , Ono-Kihara Masako , Kihara Masahiro , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternationally, the prevalence of gambling disorder has been reported to be higher among homeless people than the general population; however, little is known about the factors associated with gambling disorder in this population. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gambling disorder and its associated factors among homeless men using shelters in Osaka City. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 30 to 2018 to 4 January 2019, using the 2017 Japanese National Survey of Gambling (JNSG) questionnaire, supplemented with questions about homeless experiences, drinking, and smoking. Using the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the presence of gambling disorder was determined by a score ≥ 5 out of 20. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore factors associated with lifetime gambling disorder. Lifetime and past-year prevalence of gambling disorder among 103 participants was 43.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.5–53.3) and 3.9% (95% CI: 1.5–9.6), respectively, which are higher than the 6.7% and 1.5% found among men in the 2017 JNSG. Reasons reported for currently gambling less were primarily financial. Factors associated with lifetime GD included “more than 20 years since the first incidence of homelessness” (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.97, 95% CI: 1.50–16.45) and “more than five incidences of homelessness” (AOR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.06–19.26). When homeless individuals with gambling disorder try to rebuild and stabilize their lives, the presence or resurgence of gambling disorder may hinder the process and pose a risk of recurring homelessness. Comprehensive support services for homeless individuals with gambling disorder are required. (250 words)
Simulated Performance of Laser-Machined Metamaterial Anti-reflection Coatings
Authors: Farias N. , Beckman S. , Lee A. T. , Suzuki A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLenslet-coupled antenna arrays have been used in CMB experiments and are the baseline technology for the next-generation satellite missions such as LiteBIRD and PICO. Lenslets are small hemispherical lenses mounted on the focal plane that couple light to the detectors and are typically made of silicon or alumina due to their high focusing power and low absorption loss. To minimize reflection at the vacuum-dielectric interface, lenslets require anti-reflection (AR) coatings. Metamaterials have been used in large microwave optical components because they avoid any mismatch on the thermal expansion between the lens and its coating, but so far they have only been machined on surfaces of comparatively large radius of curvature. As a first step to understand the feasibility of machining metamaterial AR layers in lenslets through laser-etching for the LiteBIRD mission, a model in ANSYS HFSS was developed. The goal of the simulation was to optimize transmission in three frequency bands while meeting assumed laser machinability constraints and optical requirements. Simulation results from flat silicon show that an AR metamaterial coating made under the assumed conditions is feasible, and the baseline parameters for further curved-surface studies are provided.
Algebra of Dunkl Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector
Authors: Feigin Misha , Hakobyan Tigran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce the Dunkl version of the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector associated with a finite Coxeter group W acting geometrically in $$\mathbb R^N$$

R
N

and with a multiplicity function g. This vector generalizes the usual Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector and its components commute with the Dunkl–Coulomb Hamiltonian given as the Dunkl Laplacian with an additional Coulomb potential $$\gamma /r$$

γ
/
r

. We study the resulting symmetry algebra $$R_{g, \gamma }(W)$$

R

g
,
γ

(
W
)

and show that it has the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt property. In the absence of a Coulomb potential, this symmetry algebra $$R_{g,0}(W)$$

R

g
,
0

(
W
)

is a subalgebra of the rational Cherednik algebra $$H_g(W)$$

H
g

(
W
)

. We show that a central quotient of the algebra $$R_{g, \gamma }(W)$$

R

g
,
γ

(
W
)

is a quadratic algebra isomorphic to a central quotient of the corresponding Dunkl angular momenta algebra $$H_g^{so(N+1)}(W)$$

H
g

s
o
(
N
+
1
)

(
W
)

. This gives an interpretation of the algebra $$H_g^{so(N+1)}(W)$$

H
g

s
o
(
N
+
1
)

(
W
)

as the hidden symmetry algebra of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem in $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

. By specialising $$R_{g, \gamma }(W)$$

R

g
,
γ

(
W
)

to $$g=0$$

g
=
0

, we recover a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra $$U(so(N+1))$$

U
(
s
o
(
N
+
1
)
)

as the hidden symmetry algebra of the Coulomb problem in $${\mathbb R}^N$$

R

N

. We also apply the Dunkl Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector to establish the maximal superintegrability of the generalised Calogero–Moser systems.
Getting trapped in a dead end? Trait self-control and boredom are linked to goal adjustment
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Wolff Wanja , Keller Lucas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDisengaging from unattainable goals and reengaging in alternative goals is essential for effective goal pursuit; yet, surprisingly little is known about associated personality factors. Here, we focused on individual differences in self-control (domain-general self-control, if–then planning) and boredom (boredom proneness, boredom avoidance and escape tendencies). Concerning goal adjustment in everyday life (Study 1; N = 323 crowdworkers), if–then planning was associated with worse disengagement and better reengagement. While boredom proneness was associated with poorer reengagement, boredom avoidance and escape tendencies were associated with better reengagement. When goal striving was thwarted during the COVID-19 pandemic (Study 2; N = 97 students), similar associations emerged along with links to anxiety and depression. However, disengagement was no longer associated with if–then planning but instead with better self-control and higher boredom proneness. These results show differential relationships of goal disengagement and reengagement with self-control and boredom, paving the way to a better understanding of who struggles or shines when effective goal adjustment is required.
A cascaded FBG scheme based OQPSK/DPSK modulation for chromatic dispersion compensation
Authors: Mustafa Fathy M. , Zaky Sayed A. , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present a proposed chromatic dispersion compensation model for single mode optical fiber. The proposed model consists of 4-stages of cascaded identical linear chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) in post-compensation connection scheme. It is based on differential phase shift keying modulation format. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, a comparative study is conducted using offset quadrature phase shift keying modulation technique. This comparative study includes four cases with and without using CFBG. For system performance evaluation, a 10 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing link is simulated at a distance of 70 km under conventional operating parameters. Optisystem 7.0 has been used for simulation and evaluation process. Quality factor (Q-factor) and bit error rate (BER) are used as evaluation metrics. The proposed model shows the best performance in case of using CFBG compared to the other cases. A maximum Q-factor of 7.22, and a corresponding minimum BER of 2.59 × 10−13are obtained. The proposed system performance is enhanced by at least 53% as compared to related work.
Nitrogen but not phosphorus addition affects symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in natural and semi-natural grasslands located on four continents
Authors: Vázquez Eduardo , Schleuss Per-Marten , Borer Elizabeth T. , Bugalho Miguel N. , Caldeira Maria C. , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Fay Philip A. , Haider Sylvia , Jentsch Anke , Kirkman Kevin P. , McCulley Rebecca L. , Peri Pablo L. , Price Jodi , Richards Anna E. , Risch Anita C. , Roscher Christiane , Schütz Martin , Seabloom Eric W. , Standish Rachel J. , Stevens Carly J. , Tedder Michelle J. , Virtanen Risto , Spohn Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
The amount of nitrogen (N) derived from symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in grasslands might be affected by anthropogenic N and phosphorus (P) inputs, but the underlying mechanisms are not known.

Methods
We evaluated symbiotic N2 fixation in 17 natural and semi-natural grasslands on four continents that are subjected to the same full-factorial N and P addition experiment, using the 15N natural abundance method.

Results
N as well as combined N and P (NP) addition reduced aboveground legume biomass by 65% and 45%, respectively, compared to the control, whereas P addition had no significant impact. Addition of N and/or P had no significant effect on the symbiotic N2 fixation per unit legume biomass. In consequence, the amount of N fixed annually per grassland area was less than half in the N addition treatments compared to control and P addition, irrespective of whether the dominant legumes were annuals or perennials.

Conclusion
Our results reveal that N addition mainly impacts symbiotic N2 fixation via reduced biomass of legumes rather than changes in N2 fixation per unit legume biomass. The results show that soil N enrichment by anthropogenic activities significantly reduces N2 fixation in grasslands, and these effects cannot be reversed by additional P amendment.