bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale achromatic flat lens by light coherence optimization
Authors: Li Tao , Xiao Xingjian , Zhao Yunwei , Ye Xin , Chen Chen , Lu Xinmou , Rong Yansen , Deng Junhong , Li Guixin , Zhu Shining 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flat lenses, including metalens and diffractive lens, have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to miniaturize the imaging devices. However, realizing a large scale achromatic flat lens with high performance still remains a big challenge. Here, we developed a new framework in designing achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses by light coherence optimization, which enables the implementation of large-scale flat lenses under non-ideal conditions. As results, a series achromatic polymer lenses with diameter from 1 to 10 mm are successfully designed and fabricated. The subsequent optical characterizations substantially validate our theoretical framework and show relatively good performance of the centimeter-scale achromatic multi-level diffractive lenses with a super broad bandwidth in optical wavelengths (400-1100 nm). After comparing with conventional refractive lens, this achromatic lens shows significant advantages in white-light imaging performance, implying a new strategy in developing practical planar optical devices.
Diazotrophic bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii as a mutualistic growth promoter of an aquatic plant: Lemna minor
Authors: Shuvro Sajjad Kamal , Jog Rahul , Morikawa Masaaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lemnaceae plants, commonly referred to as duckweeds, are small planktonic terrestrial freshwater plants that live in symbiosis with various microbial communities. These plants are model platforms for the study of host-microbe interactions (Yamakawa et al. 2018). Azotobacter vinelandii are typical free-living nitrogen fixing soil bacteria that indirectly benefit plants by providing nitrogen compounds. In this study, Lemna minor RDSC 5512 and A. vinelandii ATCC 12837 = NBRC 13581 were co-cultured under gnotobiotic conditions. The growth of L. minor colonized by A. vinelandii accelerated in both nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-free water conditions. Moreover, L. minor elevated the nitrogen fixing activity of A. vinelandii. Lastly, the cell number of A. vinelandii on L. minor increased continuously over 30 d. These observations indicated that L. minor provides a favorable environment for A. vinelandii colonization, allowing them to mutually benefit and flourish through syntrophism.
Object-Based Classification of the veredas wetland macrohabitat using multispectral imagery from a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System.
Authors: Silva Nubia da , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Cunha Cátia Nunes da , Nunes Gustavo Manzon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Veredas are wetlands of relevant ecological and social value that may be closely related to the maintenance of the water regime of the springs. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) have proved to be great allies in the space-time monitoring of wetlands. This study evaluates the effectiveness of multispectral sensors attached to an RPAS to discriminate habitats from paths through the Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach. Multispectral camera overflights were performed on September 25, 2020 (dry) and January 28, 2021 (wet). Radiometrically corrected orthomosaics were generated with five spectral bands. Multiscale segmentations were applied, and later the classification by the OBIA approach through the classifier of the nearest neighbor, the results were post-processed by applying the algorithm of a class assignment. The classification separated the objects into 14 and 12 classes with an overall accuracy of 92.21% and 88.01% (kappa 0.92 and 0.87), for September and January, respectively. Among these, are the phytophysiognomies of Cerrado stricto sensu (surrounding) and Gallery forest (centralized), in addition to eight classes of habitats in the vereda. The multispectral sensor was sensitive to differentiate these habitats in the vereda and the occurrence of areas covered by the pteridophyte Dicranopteris flexuosa, its distribution, and physiological stages. The classification of two seasonal seasons made it possible to characterize the behavior of habitats according to water availability. The multispectral sensor on board the RPAS is a powerful tool to determine the diagnosis and management of wetlands, contributing to the establishment of public policies for the conservation of vereda environments.
Q fever and toxoplasmosis in South African livestock and wildlife: A retrospective study on seropositivity and sporadic abortion, and on stillbirth cases in livestock caused by Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Mangena Maruping L. , Gcebe Nomakorinte , Thompson Peter N. , Adesiyun Abiodun A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Q fever and toxoplasmosis are economically important zoonoses as they cause considerable losses in livestock through reproductive disorders such as abortions and stillbirths. Q fever and toxoplasmosis testing in South Africa is conducted by the Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR). However, both zoonoses are understudied and not monitored in South Africa as they are not considered controlled or notifiable diseases in the Animal Disease Act 35 of 1984. A retrospective study was conducted on Q fever (2007-2009) and toxoplasmosis (2007-2017) using diagnostic laboratory data at the ARC-OVR. Also, we report on sporadic abortion and stillbirth cases in livestock from diagnostic tissue samples submitted for Coxiella burnetii polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection at the ARC-OVR.
Results: During 2007 to 2009, 766 animal samples were tested for C. burnetii antibodies and seropositivity was 0.9% (95%CI: 0.3-1.7) with sheep (1.9%; 95%CI: 0.6-4.4) having the highest seropositivity followed by cattle (0.7%; 95%CI: 0.09-2.6), while all goats (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0-4.2) and wildlife (antelopes, giraffes, lions, and cheetahs) (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0-2.5) tested were negative. From 2007 to 2017, 567 sera were tested for T. gondii antibodies; overall seropositivity was 12.2% (95%CI: 9.6-15). Wildlife (antelopes, giraffes, lions, and cheetahs) had highest seropositivity to T. gondii antibodies (13.9%; 95%CI: 9.0-19.7) followed by goats (12.9%; 95%CI: 9.2-17.4) and sheep (12.3%; 95%CI: 5.1-23.8) while seropositivity in cattle was 2.4% (95%CI: 0.06-12.9). Of 11 animals tested by C. burnetii PCR detection (2021-2022), 10 (91.0 %) tested positive by IS1111 PCR. The study confirmed the first presence of C. burnetii and T. gondii in various provinces of South Africa, which can pave pave way for future epidemiological studies
Conclusions: More studies on Q fever and toxoplasmosis are needed in different provinces of South Africa to be able to implement effective control measures for the two zoonoses. It is recommended that improvements in data collection on the samples tested should include associated factors such as sex, age, and breed of the animals.
Association between COVID-19 Risk-Mitigation Behaviors and Specific Mental Disorders in Youth
Authors: Conway Kevin P. , Bhardwaj Kriti , Michel Emmanuella , Paksarian Diana , Nikolaidis Aki , Kang Minji , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Milham Michael P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Although studies of adults show that pre-existing mental disorders increase risk for COVID-19 infection and severity, there is limited information about this association among youth. Mental disorders in general as well as specific types of disorders may influence their ability to comply with risk-mitigation strategies to reduce COVID-19 infection and transmission.
Methods: Youth compliance (rated as “Never,” “Sometimes,” “Often,” or “Very often/Always”) with risk mitigation was reported by parents on the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) in January 2021. Responses were summarized using factor analysis of risk mitigation, and their associations with lifetime mental disorders (assessed via structured diagnostic interviews) were identified with linear regression analyses (adjusted for covariates). All analyses used R Project for Statistical Computing for Mac (v.4.0.5).
Results: A two-factor model was the best-fitting solution. Factor 1 (avoidance behaviors) included avoiding groups, indoor settings, and other peoples’ homes; avoidance was more likely among youth with any anxiety disorder (p=.01). Factor 2 (hygiene behaviors) included using hand sanitizer, washing hands, and maintaining social distance; practicing hygiene was less likely among youth with ADHD (combined type) (p=.02). Mask wearing, which did not load on either factor, was not associated with any mental health disorder.
Conclusion and Relevance: Findings suggest that education and monitoring of risk-mitigation strategies in certain subgroups of youth may reduce risk of exposure to COVID-19 and other contagious diseases. Additionally, they highlight the need for greater attention to vaccine prioritization for individuals with ADHD.
The first record of ingestion and inhalation of micro and mesoplastics by neotropical bats from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Correia Letícia Lima , Ribeiro-Brasil Danielle Regina Gomes , Garcia Magali , Santos Ana Beatriz Alencastre , Lucena Maria Dayanne Lima , Silva Daniela de Melo e , Vieira Thiago Bernardi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study shows the abundance of contamination by plastic microfibers (PMs) and the first record of contamination by PMs in bats. Additionally, we tried to understand the mechanism of the environmental contamination of bats. Therefore, the digestive and respiratory tracts of 25 species of adult bats were extracted for analysis. Bats were captured in different locations in the Brazilian Amazon (Altamira, Bragança, Brasil Novo, Medicilândia, Nova Timboteua, Placas, Uruará and Vitória do Xingu, all in the state of Pará). The results showed that all species were contaminated with PMs in at least one of the analyzed systems. For the digestive system, the form of contamination occurs through bioaccumulation and biomagnification by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. While for the respiratory system, contamination occurs through the inhalation of PMs suspended in the atmospheric air. The different foraging characteristics of bats, the type of capture strategy for this food, and the type of habitat reinforce the idea that plastic contaminants are present in all environments.
Knowledge and Attitude of Dementia among Nursing Students in Nepal
Authors: Khatiwada Ranjana , Siman Lyu , Wang Haocheng , Bhandari Sushila Devi , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background: Ageing is an important emerging demographic spectacle across the world. Therefore, the number of people with dementia is increasing every year as aging is an inevitable risk factor for dementia. An increasing number of people with dementia infers the necessity for a better quantity and quality of geriatric care services. Therefore, good knowledge and positive attitude regarding the dementia is expected in nursing students to deliver adequate quality care as they are the future primary health care professionals.
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitude of Nepalese nursing studentstowards dementia.
Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was adopted for the study. The data was collected from Nepalese nursing students (n=177). Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) were used to measure students’ knowledge and attitude of dementia and obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive methods.
Results: The overall mean score of ADKS was found 19.64 (SD=3.363) out of 30, and the total mean score on dementia attitude of DAS was 93.82 (SD=10.09) out of 140, where a positive relationship was remained between the knowledge score and the attitude scores (r = 0.148, P=0.050). Moreover, the domain of Assessment and Diagnosis (2.94±0.851, out of 4) was found to have the highest correct answers (94.9%), whereas the life impact domain with mean score (1.56±0.714, out of 3) revealed the lowest correct responses (50.8%).
Conclusion: This study concluded that the nursing students in Nepal demonstrate limited knowledge of dementia, while show positive attitude towards people with dementia. Moreover, findings of the study also demand the proper dementia care training and more clinical exposure for the nursing students to improve the knowledge ofdementia to be ready in their professional career.
A Novel Cuproptosis-Related Gene Model Predicts Outcomes and Treatment Responses in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Qixian , Wu Huanwen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground Cuproptosis is recently emerging as a hot spot in cancer research. However, its role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to explore the prognostic and therapeutic implications of cuproptosis-related genes in PAAD. Methods 213 PAAD samples from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) were split into training and validation sets in the ratio of 7:3. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression analyses generated a prognostic model using the ICGC cohort for training (n = 152) and validation (n = 61). The model was externally tested on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (n = 80) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets (n = 176). The clinical characteristics, molecular mechanisms, immune landscape, and treatment responses in model-defined subgroups were explored. The expression of an independent prognostic geneTSC22D2was confirmed by public databases, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blot (WB). Results A prognostic model was established based on three cuproptosis-related genes (TSC22D2,C6orf136,PRKDC). Patients were stratified into the high- and low-risk groups using the risk score based on this model. PAAD patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis. The risk score was statistically significantly correlated with most clinicopathological characteristics. The risk score based on this model was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) (HR = 10.7, p < 0.001), and was utilized to create a scoring nomogram with excellent prognostic value. High-risk patients had a higherTP53mutation rate and a superior response to multiple targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic drugs, but might obtain fewer benefits from immunotherapy. Moreover, elevatedTSC22D2expression was discovered to be an independent prognostic predictor for OS (p < 0.001). Data from public databases and our own experiments showed thatTSC22D2expression was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues/cells compared to normal tissues/cells. Conclusion This novel model based on cuproptosis-related genes provided a robust biomarker for predicting the prognosis and treatment responses of PAAD. The potential roles and underlying mechanisms ofTSC22D2in PAAD need further explored.
Development and validation of focal adhesion-related genes signature in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Luo Tianqi , Liu Zexian , Li：lijj@sysucc Jianjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aims to construct a focal adhesion-related genes-based prognostic signature (FAS) to accurately predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with gastric cancer (GC) and to identify key prognostic genes related to GC.
Results
The gene expression data and corresponding clinical characteristics of GC patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Subsequently, the GEO dataset was randomly distributed into training and test cohorts. The TCGA dataset was used to validate the external cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression was used to detect OS-related genes in the GEO cohort. A risk score model was established according to the screened genes. A nomogram, based on the clinical characteristics and risk score, was generated to predict the prognosis of GC patients. A time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curve were applied to assess our newly formed model. The patients were grouped into a high- or low-risk group depending on the risk score. Low-risk patients exhibited higher OS than high-risk patients (entire cohort: p < 0.001; train cohort: p < 0.001, test cohort: p < 0.001). This study found that a high-risk score was associated with the circulatory system process and high infiltration of macrophages, CD44, and HLA-DMB.
Conclusions
The generated model based on the genetic characteristics of the focal adhesion prognostic gene can aid in the prognosis of GC patients in the future.
Extracorporeal Life Support Associated with Cardiac Procedures in Patients with Malignancy
Authors: Suzuki Yota , Carvalho Juliano Lentz , Mao Rui-Min D. , Iglesias Nicholas J , Shah Nikhil R. , DeAnda Abe , Radhakrishnan Ravi S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground With an aged population, cardiac surgery in oncologic patients is no longer uncommon. The use of postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support has increased, but its utility in oncologic patients is not clear. This study aims to define the role of postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support in patients with malignancy. Methods The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry was queried for patients older than 18 years with an International Classification of Diseases codes of hematologic and solid malignancy over the last decade (2010–2019). Among them, patients who underwent cardiac surgery or transcatheter valve intervention were selected. Outcomes and clinical data including types of procedure and cancer subtypes were analyzed. Results One hundred and sixty-two patients met inclusion criteria: 17 pulmonary support, 119 cardiac support, and 26 extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Sixty-two patients (38.3%) survived to discharge. Low survival was seen with hematologic (35.5%), soft tissue (25.0%) and breast malignancies (15.4%) though none of them were statistically significant. Coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 56) and surgical valve procedure (n = 54) were dominant types of procedures with a survival of 44.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Ventricular assist device procedure (n = 48) and cardiac transplant (n = 21) were also commonly performed with a survival of 37.5% and 33.3%, respectively. Conclusions Postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support in patients with malignancy was associated with a low but acceptable survival rate given the high mortality with postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support in the general population. The impact of a cancer diagnosis appeared to be small, but gathering a detailed history of cardiotoxic treatments could be crucial.
Early predictors of new-onset immune-related seizures: a preliminary study
Authors: Shi Xiangsong , Cai Weiwei , Zhang Xiulin , Pan Heyue , Huang Chengbing , Wang Shouyong , Xu Jianyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Approximately 60% of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) exhibit secondary acute symptomatic seizures and showed highly sensitive to immunotherapy. However, it is difficult for many patients to receive early immunotherapy since the early identification of the cause in AE is more complex. This study aimed to investigate the early predictors of initial immune-related seizures and to guide the evaluation of treatment and prognosis.
Methods:One hundred and fifty-four patients with new-onset "unknown etiology" seizures with a course of disease less than 6 months were included. Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific autoantibodies (NSAbs), including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5- Methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1), AMPAR2, anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody (LGI1), anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABABR), anti-contact protein-related protein-2 (CASPR2) were used to screen for immune etiology of the seizures. In addition, patients with epilepsy and encephalopathy were also examined via brain MRI, long-term video EEG, antibody prevalence in epilepsy and encephalopathy (APE2) score, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A logistic regression model was used to analyze the early predictors of immune etiology.
Results: Among all patients, 34 cases (22.1%) were positive for NSAbs. Of these 34, 23 cases of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) (21 cases of NSAbs positive), 2 cases of viral encephalitis, 1 case of ganglionic glioma (NSAbs positive), 128 cases of epilepsy or seizures (12 cases of NSAbs positive) were recorded. Also, there were 19 patients (12.3%) with APE2 ≥ 4 points and 17 patients (89.5%) in the AE group. The sensitivity and specificity of APE2 ≥ 4 points for predicting AE were 73.9% and 98.5%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the NSAbs and APE2 scores independently influenced the early prediction of initial immune-related seizures (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: NSAbs and APE2 scores could act as early predictors of initial immune-related seizures.
Biohydrogen production from food waste using glucose-adapted hyperthermophilic archaeon
Authors: Lee Seong Hyuk , Lee Sunmin , Lee Sung-Mok , Cha Jaeho , Lee Hyun Sook , Kang Sung Gyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Glucose is one of the most important carbon and energy source for heterotrophic growth in all living organisms. However, glucose has been reported as a poor substrate to support the growth of hyperthermophilic archaea belonging to the order Thermococcales. To enhance glucose-assisted growth of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, adaptive evolutionary engineering process was applied. In an effort for industrial applications, glucose-adapted cells were further tested for H2 producing potential using food processing waste as a promising zero-value substrate containing polysaccharides composed of glucose.
Methods
Adaptive evolution of T. onnurineus NA1 was performed by transferring cells to fresh medium containing glucose until cell growth increased. Genome sequencing was conducted to identify genetic changes in adapted cells. H2 production in the parent strain and glucose-adapted cells was analyzed using either glucose or potato peel waste as substrate.
Results
The glucose-adapted cells, WG-100T, had 10.8-fold and 14.7-fold increases in cell density and glucose consumption, respectively, compared to the parent strain. Genome sequencing of WG-100T revealed a total of 17 genomic changes in genes, including those encoding transcription factors and several proteins involved in various transport systems. WG-100T produced H2 using potato peel waste through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
Conclusion
This study showed that the performance of the Thermococcales strain was improved by adaptive evolution, resulting in faster use of glucose. In addition, it was shown that the use of a hyperthermophile made it possible to produce biohydrogen without pretreatment of food processing waste for saccharification.