bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable heatwave attribution based on successful operational weather forecasts
Authors: Leach Nicholas , Roberts Christopher , Heathcote Daniel , Mitchell Dann , Thompson Vikki , Palmer Tim , Weisheimer Antje , Allen Myles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Extreme weather attribution, quantifying the role of human influence in specific weather events, is of interest to scientists, adaptation planners and the general public. However, the devastating 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave challenged conventional statistical approaches to attribution due to the absence of similar events in the historical record, and model-based approaches due to poor representation of key causal processes in current climate models. Here we use state-of-the-art operational medium-range and seasonal weather prediction systems, applied for the first time to this kind of climate question and unequivocally able to simulate the detailed physics of the heatwave in question, to show that human influence on the climate made this event at least 8 [2--30] times more likely to occur. Quantifying the absolute probability of such an unprecedented event is more challenging, but the length of the observational record suggests at least a multi-decade return-time in the current climate, with the likelihood doubling every 17 [10--50] years at the current rate of global warming. Our forecast-based approach synthesises the storyline approach, which examines human influence on the physical drivers of an event in a deterministic manner, and the probabilistic approach, which assesses how the frequency of a class of events has been affected by human influence. If developed as a routine service in a number of forecasting centres, it could provide reliable estimates of the changing probabilities of all extreme events that can be represented in forecast models, which is critical to supporting effective adaptation planning.
Longitudinal change of reticular pseudodrusen area in ultrawide-field imaging
Authors: Yoon Je Moon , Choi Young Joo , Ham Don-Il 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal change in the reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) area in the fundus and its association with late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 91 RPD eyes (55 patients; age 67.9 ± 7.3 years) with > 5 years’ follow-up (6.8 ± 0.9 years) from a single medical center were enrolled. Ultrawide-field photography images were analyzed using the concentric rings method, and the RPD area was semi-quantitatively classified according to the affected segment number into central, intermediate, and extensive types. Correlations of longitudinal changes in the RPD area and late AMD risk were investigated. RPD area increased significantly during the follow-up (p < 0.001). The increase rate correlated with age (r = 0.207; p = 0.048), RPD area at first visit (r = -0.222; p = 0.035), and the decrease rate of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (r = 0.217; p = 0.039). Many central (18/49, 36.7%) and intermediate (15/23, 65.2%) types switched to the more advanced type during the follow-up. Macular neovascularization and geographic atrophy developed in 12.3% and 18.7% of patients by 7 years. Late AMD incidence was significantly higher in eyes with large than in those with small RPD areas (p = 0.002). Larger RPD area at baseline, faster increase in RPD area, thinner SFCT, rapid decrease in SFCT, and the presence of late AMD on fellow eye were associated with late AMD. All RPD areas progressively increase over time. The regular assessment of RPD area may help to predict late AMD risk in RPD eyes.
Prevalence of Immunoglobulin (G (IgG) and M (IgM)) Against SARS-COV-2 and risk factors for positivity among Students at tertiary education institution, Malawi
Authors: Mwale Saul Eric , Chisale Master , Chimenya McLenelious , Tandwe Twalibu N.G. , Chapeta Yankho , Nkosi Michael Mzirekelenge , Nyambalo Billy Wilson , Ngonga Jomo , Munyenyembe Paul , Kayange Winfred , Chikakuda Yusuf S. , Kumwenda Pizga 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of our study was to determine the extent of exposure of the student population to SARS-CoV-2 and its associated factors. 166 students were enrolled in our study representing a 100% response rate.
Results
The SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the sampled student population was 78%. Gender of the respondents was a significant modulator of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (p < 0.05). Adherence to the institution’s SARS-CoV-2 containment measures by students was very low (6.6%) which numerically amplified the seropositivity among students. There were proportional differences in the use of a particular Covid-19 mitigation strategy by the students such as face masks (60.2%), hand sanitizers (38.6%), Social distancing (25.9%), handwashing with soap (7.8%) and self-isolation (5.4%) (Cochran Q = 155.39, p < 0.001). Our study has shown a very high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among students which positively suggests a near attainment of herd immunity and negatively unreliability of the current mitigation measures. We recommend such evidence-based results should guide policy directions and decisions in the current and future pandemics.
Combined Iodine-125 Seed Strand, Transarterial Chemoembolizaiton, Lenvatinib and Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Vp4 Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Real-world Study
Authors: Zhang Zi-Han , Hou Si-Nan , Yu Jia-Ze , Zhou Xin , Zhang Wen , Ma Jing-Qin , Yang Min-Jie , Liu Qing-Xin , Liu Ling-Xiao , Luo Jian-Jun , Qu Xu-Dong , Yan Zhi-Ping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of interventional therapy (iodine-125 seed strand [with or without stent] implantation plus transarterial chemoembolization) combined with systemic therapy (lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibody) as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).
Methods
From December 2018 to June 2021, 75 patients with HCC and Vp4 PVTT were included in this single-center retrospective study. Forty-one patients underwent interventional therapy combined with lenvatinib and anti-PD-1 antibody (group A; n = 41), while 34 cases underwent interventional therapy combined with lenvatinib (group B; n = 34). Stent occlusion rates and overall response rates (ORRs) for intrahepatic tumors and PVTT were compared. Median overall survival (mOS) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) were compared by using Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
The technique was performed successfully in all patients. ORRs for intrahepatic tumors (58.5% vs 11.8%, p < .001) and PVTT (76.9% vs 33.3%, p < .001) were significantly higher in group A compared with group B. Stent occlusion rates were 17.8% and 39.3% in groups A and B, respectively (p = .076). The mOS and mPFS were significantly longer in group A compared with group B (mOS, 17.7 ± 1.7 vs 11.2 ± 0.9 months, p = .003; mPFS, 16.8 ± 1.6 vs 7.0 ± 1.0 months, p < .001). Multivariate analysis found that treatment regimen and sex were two independent prognostic factors of OS.
Conclusions
Interventional therapy (iodine-125 seed strand [with or without stent] implantation plus transarterial chemoembolization) combined with systemic therapy (lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibody) is safe and effective as first-line treatment for HCC patients with Vp4 PVTT.
Elite Oppositional Tuna Swarm Algorithm with 5D Chaotic Map Based Secure Video Transmission in Cloud Environment
Authors: Geetha N. , Mahesh K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, cloud computing becomes familiar for easier, inexpensive, and on-demand data storage where the persons are uploading videos to the cloud server. But the data comes count from the client-side that would traditionally manage as well as control the data. So, it is essential to assure integrity and reliability of the video transmitted and saved to the cloud environment using encryption techniques. This article designs an elite oppositional tuna swarm algorithm with 5D chaotic map-based secure video transmission (EOTSA-CMSVD) technique in the cloud environment. The presented EOTSA-CMSVD technique aims to achieve secure and privacy-preserving video transmission in the cloud environment. In addition, the videos are transformed into a set of frames which are then decomposed using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (D-TCWT) technique. The decomposed subbands are afterward diffused by the use of secret keys generated by the optimal 5D chaotic map. Besides, the hyperparameter tuning of the 5D chaotic map takes place using the EOTSA. Lastly, the inverse D-TWCT is used to generate the resultant encrypted frames which are then integrated to produce the final encrypted video for secure transmission. The experimental validation of the EOTSA-CMSVD technique using benchmark test videos shows the promising performance of the EOTSA-CMSVD technique over the other recent approaches in terms of several measures.
Different niches for mutant stem cells affect pathogenesis and therapy response in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Mendez-Ferrer Simon , Grockowiak Elodie , Korn Claudia , Rak Justyna , Hallou Adrien , Lysenko Veronika , Panvini Francesca , Fielding Claire , Williams Matthew , Khatib-Massalha Eman , Fang Zijian , García-García Andrés , Khorshed Reema , González-Antón Sara , Li Juan , Baxter E , Kusumbe Anjali , Wilkins Bridget , Green Anna , Simons Benjamin , Harrison Claire , Green Anthony , Celso Cristina Lo , Theocharides Alexandre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aging facilitates the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) carrying clonal hematopoiesis (CH)-related somatic mutations and the development of myeloid malignancies, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). While cooperating mutations can cause transformation, it remains unclear whether distinct bone marrow (BM) HSC niches can influence the growth and therapy response of HSCs carrying the same pathogenic driver. Here we found different BM niches for HSCs in MPN subtypes. JAK-STAT signaling differentially regulates CDC42-dependent HSC polarity, niche interaction and mutant cell expansion. Asymmetric HSC distribution causes differential BM niche remodeling: sinusoidal dilation in polycythemia vera (PV), and endosteal niche expansion in essential thrombocythemia (ET). MPN development accelerates in a prematurely aged BM microenvironment, suggesting that the specialized niche can modulate mutant cell expansion. Finally, dissimilar HSC-niche interactions underpin variable clinical response to JAK inhibitor. Therefore, HSC-niche interactions influence the expansion rate and therapy response of cells carrying the same CH oncogenic driver.
GIS and Remote Sensing Based Land Degradation Assessment and Mapping: Case Study Adea Woreda
Authors: Kumsa Amanuel , Assen Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Land degradation is an increasing problem in many parts of the world. Success in fighting land degradation requires an improved understanding of its causes, impact, degree and acquaintance with climate, soil, water, land cover and socio-economic factors. The present study aimed to assess the advanced of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to quantify land degradation risk in Adea woreda. Remotely sensed data provide timely, accurate and reliable information on degraded lands at certain time intervals in a cost-effective method. This paper presents the effect of land-use changes on land degradation by utilization of remote sensing and GIS methods due to un wise agriculture and urbanization activities in the period 2000–2022. The analysis is based on the processing of Landsat 7 and Landsat OLI 8 satellite images from 2000 and 2022. In the analysis of satellite images, the supervised classification maximum likelihood method was used. The study demonstrated that about 42.77% of the study area has undergone very high risk of degradation, whereas 44.26% of the area has undergone moderate degradation. About 12.50% of the total area was characterized by marginally degraded. The results indicated that the salinity, alkalinity and water logging are the main common degradation hazards of the Adea woreda.
Development and initial validation of a modified LTT assay in patients with DRESS and AGEP
Authors: Weir Chris , LI Jamma , Fulton Richard , Fernando Suran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is an in vitro assay used to diagnose drug induced hypersensitivity reactions by detecting the activation and expansion of drug-specific memory T cells to the suspected implicated drug. Traditionally radiolabelled thymidine (3H-thymidine) has been used but requires the handling and disposal of radioactive materials.ObjectiveTo examine safe alternatives to 3H-thymidine, test assay modifications for improved assay sensitivity and validate the modified LTT in patients with DRESS and AGEP.MethodsFour proliferation detection assays (BRDU, CyQUANT™, MTT and XTT) were screened for LTT sensitivity. XTT the most sensitive and practical was selected for further validation. Modifications like autologous serum (AS) and regulatory T cell depletion (T-REG) were evaluated for improved assay sensitivity. Finally, an initial validation of the XTT-LTT was performed in 8 patients with DRESS and 2 with AGEP including cytokine testing.ResultsOf the non-radioactive alternatives we tested, XTT a colorimetric assay was the most sensitive and practical to move to validation. The addition of AS increased background signal. Depletion of T-REGs improved sensitivity but cell sorting time and risk of contamination limited benefit.Of eight patients diagnosed with DRESS and 2 with AGEP tested with XTT-LTT assay results showed our assay matched clinical findings of implicated drugs in 8/10 patients when using a stimulation index (SI) ≥2 and 8/10 with analysis by ANOVA. All ten patients were correctly diagnosed by either analysisConclusionXTT appears to be a safe, viable alternative to 3H-thymidine, with high sensitivity and allowing direct cytokine quantification on specific patient cells.
ATP6AP2 is robustly expressed in pancreatic β cells and neuroendocrine tumors, and plays a role in maintaining cellular viability
Authors: Taguchi Tomomi , Hoshiyama Ayako , Masaki Tsuguto , Inoue Mitsuko , Kato Yukiko , Takano Koji , Miyatsuka Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
ATP6AP2, also known as (pro)renin receptor, has been shown to be expressed in several tissues including pancreatic β cells. Whereas ATP6AP2 plays an important role in regulating insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β cells, the expression profiles and roles of ATP6AP2 in human pancreatic endocrine cells and neuroendocrine tumor cells remain unclear. Here in this study, we investigated the expression profiles of ATP6AP2 in pancreatic endocrine cells, and found that ATP6AP2 is robustly expressed in pancreatic insulinoma cells as well as in normal β cells. Although ATP6AP2 was also expressed in low-grade neuroendocrine tumors, it was not or faintly detected in intermediate- and high-grade neuroendocrine tumors. Knockdown experiments of the Atp6ap2 gene in rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells demonstrated decreased cell viability accompanied by a significant increase in apoptotic cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ATP6AP2 plays a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in insulinoma cells, which could lead to possible therapeutic approaches for endocrine tumors.
Craniofacial Anthropometric Differences Among the β-Thalassemia Major Patients and Healthy Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Genç Çiğdem Çetin , Genç Celal , Yenigürbüz Fatma Demir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study aims to compare β-thalassemia major patients and healthy individuals in terms of anthropometric characteristics and changes in craniofacial profile.Subjects and MethodCraniofacial anthropometric measurements were performed on a total of 422 subjects (199 β-thalassemia major patients and 223 healthy individuals) by using a millimetric caliper on 19 anthropometric parameters (8 horizontal, 10 vertical, and 1 head circumference) in cranial, facial, nasal, orolabial, and orbital zones.ResultsThe difference between the orbital, nasal, and orolabial zone parameters of healthy subjects and β-Thalassemia patients was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of head circumference in the cranial zone and total facial height in facial zone (n-gn) values (p˃0.05). In intragroup comparison between females and males with β-Thalassemia, statistically significant differences were found in forehead width (ft-ft), forehead height (tr-gl), right eye width (R ex-ex), and upper lip height (sn-stm) (p < 0.05).ConclusionUnderstanding the craniofacial profile changes in β-thalassemia major patients and increasing our knowledge about the relationship between the course and severity of disease and the level of these changes would contribute to the advancements in diagnoses to be made in facial and jaw zones of these patients and in the treatment plans.Clinical RelevanceWe believe that the analysis and results of the craniofacial anthropometric data obtained in the study will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment processes of patients with beta-thalassemia in areas of expertise such as craniofacial surgery, orthodontics, and hemato-oncology.
The frequency of defective genomes in Omicron differs from that of the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants
Authors: Campos Carolina , Colomer-Castell Sergi , Garcia-Cehic Damir , Gregori Josep , Andrés Cristina , Piñana Maria , González-Sánchez Alejandra , Borràs Blanca , Parés-Badell Oleguer , Adombi Caroline Melanie , Ibañez Marta , Esperalba Juliana , Codina Maria Gema , Rando Ariadna , Saubí Narcis , Esteban Juan Ignacio , Rodriguez-Frías Francisco , Pumarola Tomàs , Antón Andrés , Quer Josep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged showing higher transmissibility and possibly higher resistance to current COVID-19 vaccines than other variants dominating the global pandemic. In a March 2020 study performed in clinical samples, we found that a portion of genomes in the SARS-CoV-2 viral population accumulated deletions at the S1/S2 cleavage site (PRRAR/S) of the spike gene, generating a frameshift and appearance of a premature stop codon. The main aim of this study was to determine the frequency of defective deletions in prevalent variants from the first to sixth pandemic waves in our setting and discuss whether the differences observed might support epidemiological proposals.The complete SARS-CoV-2 spike gene was deeply studied by next-generation sequencing using the MiSeq platform. More than 90 million reads were obtained from respiratory swab specimens of 78 COVID-19 patients with mild infection caused by the predominant variants circulating in the Barcelona city area during the six pandemic waves: B.1.5, B.1.1, B.1.177, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron.The frequency of defective genomes found in variants dominating the first and second waves was similar to that seen in Omicron, but differed from the frequencies seen in the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants.Our results support the notion cited in epidemiological reports that Omicron did not emerge from continuous evolution of the Alpha, Beta or Delta variant.
Bone Marrow Derived Cells Mediated Regulation of Schwann Cells Proliferation and Migration In Vitro
Authors: Wang Xiaopan , Zhao Peishuai , Chen Xiaotian , Yan Jun , Wu Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are the unique glial cells in the peripheral nerve. After peripheral nerve injury, SCs change their morphology, function, and play a new role as repair cells, through this process, factors that enhance SCs proliferation and promote SCs migration will benefit nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which has been proved to offer several regenerative benefits for tissue and organ injuries. However, whether BMDCs support nerve regeneration by affect the proliferation and migration of SCs, remains unclear. Here, we taken BMDCs co-cultured with nerve segments, and then investigated the proliferation and migration of SCs in vitro. Results demonstrated that BMDCs can enhance the proliferation of SCs, and then promoted SCs migration, forming Bungner’s brand-liked structure in vitro. These finding provide a potential new method for repair of injured peripheral nerves in clinical.
Exploring the Predictors of Physical Inactivity in a University Setting
Authors: Ndupu Lawrence Bismarck , Faghy Mark , Staples Vicki , Lipka Sigrid , Bussell Chris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Changes in lifestyle patterns and the dependence on technology have contributed to an increase in prevalence of inactivity. To address this there is a need to identify the predictors of physical inactivity using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods: One hundred and twenty-one university administrative staff and 114 PhD students completed a survey. Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), with participants scoring below 600 MET-minutes/week of total PA regarded as inactive. The predictors of physical inactivity were assessed using the Determinants of Physical Activity Questionnaire (DPAQ). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify which domains of the TDF predicted physical inactivity in the study samples.Results: The results indicated that 64% of administrative staff (Mean= 411.3 ± 118.3 MET-minutes/week of total PA) and 62% of PhD students (Mean= 405.8 ± 111.0 MET-minutes/week of total PA) did not achieve the recommended PA levels. The physical skills domain (t 106 = 2.198, p=0.030) was the significant predictor of physical inactivity amongst the administrative staff. Knowledge (t 99 = 2.018, p=.046) and intentions (t 99 = 4.240), p=0.001) domains were the significant predictors of physical inactivity amongst PhD students. Conclusions: The results of this study should be used as a theoretical starting point in carrying out behavioural diagnosis, which could inform the design of effective interventions to increase PA levels in universities and other settings.
A stable class of finite difference scheme for time-fractional partial differential equation
Authors: PATEL VIJAY 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, a numerical study is introduced for solving the fractional partial differential equation (FPDE) arising from electromagnetic waves in dielectric media (EMWDM) by using an efficient class of finite difference methods. The proposed numerical finite difference scheme is based on the Hermite formula. The Caputo's fractional derivatives in time are discretized by a finite difference scheme of order O(k(3-α) ) and O(k(3-β) ), 1<����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������