bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEY INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND COGNITIVE DOMAINS IN NON-DEMENTED OLDER ADULTS: A NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Li Jiaying , He Rendong , Hsu Erh-Chi , Li Junxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Interconnected relationships within and between instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and cognitive domains indicate central IADLs, cognitive domains, and bridge IADLs, which we aim to identify as modifying them can effectively enhance holistic cognitive and IADL functions.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 65 and older in United States on five IADL and six cognitive domains. Network analysis identified central and bridge variables. Non-parametric and case-dropping bootstrap methods checked network stability. Network comparison tests assessed sex differences with Benjamini-Hochberg adjustments.

Results
Of the 2,239 participants, 56.4% were female. We computed and tested three networks: IADL, cognition, and bridge. The Correlation Stability Coefficients for these were 0.67, 0.75, and 0.44 respectively, all exceeding the threshold of 0.25. Meal preparation (centrality: 3.87), visual attention (0.86), and shopping (0.41) were identified as central IADL, central cognition, and bridge IADL respectively, as they had the highest centrality indices and were significantly higher than others in their networks (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, gender differences emerged in the IADL network, with stronger associations between laundry and meal preparation in females (1.69 vs. males: 0.74, p = 0.001) and higher centrality in meal preparation among females (difference = 1.99, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
While broad enhancements in all IADL and cognitive domains are beneficial, targeting meal preparation, visual attention, and shopping optimizes cost-effectiveness in improving holistic IADL, holistic cognition, and holistic cognition function via IADL interventions among older adults. Notably, meal preparation interventions may be less effective in males, requiring tailored approaches.
LIVING WITH YOUNG ONSET DEMENTIA IN RESIDENTIAL CARE: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Johansson Linda , Bielsten Therése 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
About 3.9 million people live with Young Onset Dementia (YOD) worldwide. As dementia progresses, there may be a need for transition to residential care. It can be challenging for persons with YOD to access age-appropriate services, even though they might have different needs compared to persons with late-onset dementia. This scoping review aimed to present the experiences of people with YOD living in residential care facilities. Peer-reviewed research articles focusing on either the perspective of people with dementia onset before the age of 65 living in residential care or their family members were included. A literature search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science conducted in December 2023 yielded 13 qualitative studies from Europe, North America, and Australasia. Four studies included experiences of persons with YOD, three included experiences of family members, and six had a mix of participant experiences. In total, 90 (Md = 9) persons with dementia and 292 (Md = 17) family members participated. A synthesis of findings indicates that a home-like environment and age-adjusted activities based on the interests of the individual were highly valued. This review provides a first step towards understanding what person-centered care means for people with YOD in residential care. However, even though people with YOD can communicate their experiences and needs, there were few studies focusing on their perspectives. To improve care, further research needs to focus on the voices of individuals with dementia.
LIVING WITH YOUNG ONSET DEMENTIA IN RESIDENTIAL CARE: ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE SWEDISH DEMENTIA REGISTER
Authors: Johansson Linda , Bielsten Therése , Lindberg Jimmy , Finkel Deborah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Approximately 10,000 people in Sweden have Young Onset Dementia (YOD), i.e., dementia onset before the age of 65. As a result of disease progression, relocation to a residential care facility might be necessary. In Sweden, age-adapted residential facilities are only available in larger cities, and the specific needs of persons living with YOD might not be adequately addressed. The study aimed to describe characteristics of residents with YOD living in residential care and the quality of care. National quality registry data from the Swedish Dementia Register (SveDem) between 2012 and 2022 were used. In total, 124 people with YOD living in residential care units designed for persons with dementia (n=109) or in residential care facilities for older persons (n=15) were identified. The average age of admittance was 61.3±3.9 years, with no significant differences found between women and men. On average, six medications were used, and a medication review had been conducted within the past 12 months for 84% of the participants. Care received in accordance with one’s life story (71%) and individual environmental adaptations (64%) were common. However, few participants (22%) had advanced care plans, and restraints were present in 44% of the persons with YOD. While it is not possible to draw general conclusions from this small study, it indicates that person-centered care is central in residential care for persons with YOD in Sweden. Future research should focus on increasing the understanding of why staff use restraints to such a high extent and how this practice can be prevented.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HAND GRIP STRENGTH AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS USING KLOSA
Authors: Kwon Sooyoung , Kim Gwang Suk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many studies have reported an inverse association of hand grip strength (HGS) and depressive symptoms. However, the longitudinal directionality between these two factors remains unclear. This study was performed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal associations and autoregressive relationships between HGS and depressive symptoms in older Korean adults. We conducted secondary data analysis using the data of 3,353 older adults (mean age=74.38±6.484 [range:65~101] years; 1,480 [44.1%] were men at baseline) from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) across 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 (four waves). Measures included general characteristics, mean values of HGS, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale-10. Result showed that no significant cross-lagged path was observed between HGS and depressive symptoms, however, across individuals, HGS was inversely correlated with depressive symptoms (β=-9.041, p&lt;.001), and the concurrent negative relationship between these two conditions was significant only at baseline (β=-1.578, p=.004), indicating that individuals with lower HGS had higher depressive symptoms. All autoregressive paths were significant except from 2020 to 2022, suggesting the severities in one’s level of HGS and depressive symptoms carried over to the next time point. When considering gender differences, the same pattern of HGS and depressive symptoms was observed in men, while women showed a partially inverse association between them. Our findings suggest that HGS and depressive symptoms have a negative cross-sectional relationship, and gender has a different effect on the longitudinal correlation between HGS and depressive symptoms.
MEDIAL-LATERAL POSTURAL SWAY INCREASE AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS WITH SELF-REPORTED ANXIETY
Authors: Suarez Jethro Raphael , Blount Amber , Lafontant Kworweinski , Lighthall Nichole , Huang Helen , Park Joon-Hyuk , Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anxiety is a prevalent and concerning issue for older adults. Previous research has shown that anxiety negatively affects overall balance, but the effect of self-reported anxiety on postural sway direction for older adults is unclear. This study aimed to compare sway direction between community-dwelling older adults that were categorized as having moderate-to-high anxiety and those that had low-to-no anxiety. The BTrackS Balance System (BBS), a stationary and simple balance assessment instrument, was used for measuring ranges of sway in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions during a non-visual static balance test. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory Short Form (GAI-SF) is a self-reported assessment of anxiety and was used for categorization. We cross-sectionally compared sway direction from 170 community-dwelling older adults aged 61 to 91 (152 women, mean age = 74.3 ± 7.1 years) who completed a BBS assessment and completed the GAI-SF using Mann-Whitney U tests. A total of 133 older adults were categorized as having low-to-no anxiety (GAI-SF ≤ 2), while 37 were categorized as having moderate-to-high anxiety (GAI-SF ≥ 3). The groups significantly differed in the medial-lateral direction (p = 0.03), but not the anterior-posterior direction (p = 0.14). These results show that older adults with increased self-reported anxiety may move in the medial-lateral direction more than those with less self-reported anxiety. However, these results may be limited by other factors (e.g., past injuries, depression). Future research should consider such factors among older adults that show symptoms of anxiety.
MULTISENSORY LOSS AND DEPRESSION IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES NEUROCOGNITIVE STUDY (ARIC-NCS)
Authors: Shen Joseph , Huang Alison , Deal Jennifer , Chen Honglei , Kucharska-Newton Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multisensory loss is a potentially modifiable risk factor for depression, but population-level evidence is lacking. This study quantified the association between multisensory loss across four senses (hearing, vision, smell, touch) and depressive symptoms in older US adults. Data (N=812) were from the ARIC-NCS and the Eye Determinants of Cognition study joint cohort (2016-2017), an observational study of older adults from Washington County, MD and Jackson, MS. 812 participants with complete data on hearing, vision, olfaction, peripheral neuropathy, depression, and demographic and health covariates were included. Sensory loss was measured using objective tests (pure tone audiometry [hearing], Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart [vision], Sniffin’ Sticks tests [olfaction], and monofilament tests [peripheral neuropathy]). Multisensory loss was analyzed as a count (0-4). Depressive symptoms were measured by the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D-11) scale. Scores were modeled continuously. The incidence rate ratio of depressive symptoms associated with number of sensory losses was assessed using covariate adjusted negative binomial regression. Of 812 participants (aged 71-93 years, 62.7% female, 58.6% White, 43.3% with higher than a high school education) 30.3% had one sensory loss, 31.4% had two, 17.6% had three, and 5.3% had four. Each additional sensory loss was associated with a 10% (Incidence rate ratio of CES-D-11 Score: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.20) increase in CES-D-11 score in the fully adjusted model. Multisensory loss is associated with depression in older adults. Clinical awareness of this association is valuable for the promotion of mental well-being among patients with sensory loss.
NAVIGATING POST-ACUTE CARE: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF MINORITIZED OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Como Dominique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Annually, over 40% of Medicare beneficiaries use post-acute care (PAC) after hospitalization to aid functional and medical recovery. Disparities in PAC access, care quality, and patient outcomes are evident across social identities (e.g., gender, ethnicity) and social determinants of health indicators (e.g., housing, food access). However, limited research has delved into the lived experiences of older adults using PAC services. Understanding barriers and facilitators from the patient perspective is crucial for addressing health disparities. This study explored the lived experiences of older adults in PAC settings. As part of a mixed-methods study, older adults (aged 55 or older) who self-identified as Black/African American or Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin and were actively receiving care in a PAC facility in Southern California were invited to participate in interviews. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on information obtained from a literature review and revised following content review from community member expert. Eight participants were interviewed between May and July 2024. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes, highlighting salient areas, influencing post-acute experiences: Patient Involvement in Healthcare Experiences (e.g., active participation, patient autonomy, and self-advocacy in healthcare decisions); Provider Competence & Attitude (e.g., provider communication, knowledge, and disposition); Care Delivery Considerations (e.g., staffing levels, time constraints, physical handling practices); and Support Networks & Resources (e.g., familial support, facility resources). These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing PAC patient health and satisfaction, by providing comprehensive high-quality care, improving the effectiveness of care delivery, and strengthening patient-provider interactions to better serve minoritized older adults.
NAVIGATING THE HOME CARE LANDSCAPE FOR MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES: FINDINGS FROM A SECRET SHOPPER STUDY
Authors: Shilvock Abigail , Leung Peggy , Sterling Madeline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An estimated 2.9 million patients access home health care annually through Medicare, primarily provided by certified home health care agencies (CHHAs). Despite Medicare covering 60-day episodes of home health care, patients often experience difficulty obtaining adequate and timely care. We investigated the real-world experience of Medicare beneficiaries and their caregivers seeking care through CHHAs by conducting a cross-sectional Secret Shopper study of CHHAs in New York State between February and March 2024. A trained investigator, posing as a family caregiver seeking home care for an older adult, contacted CHHAs using a standardized script informed by the Levesque conceptual framework of access to healthcare. Out of 110 identified CHHAs, 86 were eligible for analysis. 72% of CHHAs reported availability to provide skilled home health nursing services, while 66% reported availability to provide unskilled services (i.e., home health aide). Only 5% offered private pay skilled services with nursing visits costing $115-$300 and physical therapy $145-$230 per visit. One in five CHHAs provided an hourly rate for aide services, with a mean rate of $35.60 per hour. Nearly 80% of CHHAs could obtain insurance approval and over 75% could perform an in-home nursing evaluation within a week of referral placement. However, only 50% reported the patient would start receiving services within a week of evaluation. Qualitative analysis of field notes collected by the caller revealed three main themes: 1) numerous barriers to accessing home health care, 2) variability in access and timeliness of services across agencies, and 3) inconsistent customer service.
NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SARCOPENIA IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Zhai Xiangyu , Wang Moyao , Zhan Shiyin , Yu Doris Sau Fung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Individual-level socioeconomic characteristics are known to predict sarcopenia, but less is known about how the neighborhood context shapes this debilitating problem among older adults. This study aims to examine the association between nSES and sarcopenia. We included 943 older adults aged over 60 years (56.0% female, mean age 72 ± 8.1). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS2019) algorithm covering skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. nSES, the sum of the standardized values of the proportion of single-person households, never-married status, low education attainment, households with low income, unemployment, non-professional vocation, and non-owner occupiers, were obtained from the Census and Statistics Department and divided into distribution-based tertiles of all 292 Tertiary Planning Units in Hong Kong (T1 = highest nSES). There were 89 participants (8.4%) diagnosing sarcopenia. The sample was distributed across three tertiles of nSES (T1: 157 participants [16.6%]; T2: 193 participants [20.5%]; T3: 593 participants [62.9%]). Compared with T1, the lower nSES tertiles showed higher odds of sarcopenia, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and individual-level socioeconomic characteristics (T2: OR = 1.38 [95% CI, 0.49 – 3.87], T3: OR = 3.53 [95% CI, 1.51 – 8.28], T2: aOR = 1.53 [0.51 – 4.54], T3: aOR = 3.12 [95% CI, 1.21 – 8.03]). This is the first study to identify the negative relationship between comprehensive nSES and the prevalence of sarcopenia. The findings urge the need to develop socio-environmental sensitive risk stratification and preventive care to manage later-age sarcopenia.
NOVEL NUTRITION EQUITY METHOD: OLDER ADULT NUTRITION EQUITY INDEX (NEI) DEVELOPED IN HEALTH ABC & EXPANDING TO PHRESH
Authors: Fulay Aarohee , Dubowitz Tamara , Farsijani Samaneh , Freeland Kerri , Roberts Jimmie , Rosso Andrea , Houston Denise , Strotmeyer Elsa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nutrition equity – no barriers to obtaining healthy foods – is critical for older adults. Current nutrition equity research lacks sufficient attention to multiple and concurrent processes that may contribute to acquiring healthy food. For example, improving food security, i.e. fiscal ability to obtain healthy foods, alone may not improve diet without accounting for geospatial food access or individual physical limitations. We designed a novel nutrition equity index (NEI) for older adults which combines food security, food access, and physical limitations data from older Black and White adults in Pittsburgh, PA and Memphis, TN from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC; 51.7% women; 37.9% Black; 74.7±2.9 years). In multivariable linear regression, low (12.1%) and moderate nutrition equity (32.5%) vs. high were associated with lower dietary quality (measured via Healthy Eating Index), though after adjusting for race (which was included as a marker for social/structural factors), this NEI association attenuated to non-significance, suggesting effect modification. We will extend our analysis to examine nutrition equity with a historically marginalized population living in two predominantly Black neighborhoods by using recent data from Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Neighborhood Change and Health (PHRESH; 80.7% women; 94.1% Black; 64.8±9.3 years). We will expand the NEI to include additional food access (e.g. distance to major food shopping venue) and functional ability measures in an expanded population of middle-aged to older adults. Expansion of the NEI and its application in this new population/setting will highlight the structural nutrition equity components which are critical to address.
NURSE PERCEPTIONS OF A SYSTEMS-BASED OLDER ADULT MOBILITY INTERVENTION IN ACUTE CARE UNITS
Authors: Erickson Olivia , Tucker David , King Barbara , Steege Linsey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lack of ambulation during a hospital stay is the leading cause of hospital-acquired disability for older adult patients. Acute care nursing staff are identified as responsible for maintaining patient functional ability. However, nurses infrequently walk patients due to system barriers. Multiple interventions to improve patient ambulation have been tested with mixed results. Few researchers have designed interventions that target nurse barriers or addressed factors that may impact nurse acceptance of a mobility intervention or sustainability. This study aimed to understand how nurses experienced implementing a systems-based mobility intervention and identify which components of the intervention need further adaptation to create the right “fit” for inpatient units. A qualitative study using directed content analysis was conducted. Four adult medical inpatient units from 2 academic medical centers in the Midwest served as the study sites. 53 staff members participated in 8 focus groups that were audio recorded and transcribed. Four categories that describe the nursing staff experience were identified: Needing the Right Dose, Fostering Communication, Being Valued, and Making Ambulation Visible. Nurses perceived the intervention as adaptable to fit their unit needs, improved communication between staff members, patients, and healthcare providers, and aligned with their value of achieving good patient outcomes. It is critical to understand nurses’ experiences with implementing a systems-based intervention when promoting behavior change to improve older adult patient ambulation. Failed implementation efforts can have serious consequences on nurses’ perceptions of patient ambulation, the sustainability of programs, and the quality of care for older adults.
OLDER ADULTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON USING AN AI-AIDED SMARTPHONE
Authors: Hu Yi-Ling , Chen I-Chen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Falls and injurious falls are expected to increase with the aging population, causing significant distress. Developing an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided smartphone system to minimize home visits may reduce home visits and costs. Older adults’ perspectives on AI and related implementation tasks are crucial. Therefore, focus groups were conducted to explore older adults’ acceptance and concerns about using an AI-aided smartphone system. Community-dwelling older adults (over 65 years old) without cognitive impairment were recruited from local senior centers, hospitals, and the Department of Occupational Therapy at Chang Gung University (CGU), Taiwan. Two coders independently analyzed transcripts using a framework analysis approach. Data saturation was reached when no new ideas emerged in the final focus groups. The research team has conducted three focus groups with older adults (n=15). The main finding showed that older adults viewed AI-aided Smartphones as helpful but preferred traditional home programs with human contact; they were highly aware of falls but were concerned that new AI technology would steal their smartphone information. Other themes, such as fear of scams, lack of knowledge, and lack of age-friendly smartphone platforms, also emerged. The result of this study indicates implementing the AI-aided smartphone program for fall prevention is possible, but multiple barriers need to be removed for older adults. The finding may help health professionals aid traditional fall prevention programs with new technology and may advance program effectiveness.