bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide resistance modifies behavioural response of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto to insecticide-treated nets
Authors: Zhou Guofa , Li Yiji , Zhong Daibin , Machani Maxwell G. , Onyango Janet A. , Wang Xiaoming , Lee Ming-Chieh , Atieli Harrysone E. , Mukabana Wolfgang R. , Githure John I. , Githeko Andrew K. , Kazura James , Yan Guiyun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Behavioural responses of mosquito vectors to insecticide-treated materials are critical aspects of disease control and for insecticide resistance management. Physiological resistance to insecticides may change mosquitoes’ behavioural response to insecticide-treated materials such as bed nets. Methods: Using free-flying bioassay conducted in cubic-shape cages with different net materials on different sides of the cage, we examined the behavioural responses of insecticide-resistant (Bungoma strain) and susceptible (Kisumu strain) Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes to different types of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) including the piperonyl butoxide treated (PBO) LLIN using untreated nets as control. We conducted video tracking of mosquito flying paths and analysed landing attempts, resting preference and resting duration on treated and untreated netting materials. Kisumu susceptible strain (An. gambiae s.s) was used as a control.Results: We found that for both field and susceptible strain mosquitoes PBO nets caused significantly higher mortalities. Direct observation found that the resistant strain mosquitoes showed significant inactive overall compared to susceptible mosquitoes regardless of net material. Direct observations found that resistant mosquitoes showed 5-10 fold higher proportion of resting on the non-treated nets (10~20% resting rate) compared to treated nets (<2% resting rate), whereas, susceptible mosquitoes resting equally on treated and untreated nets (~5%). Based on video tracking results, mosquito landing attempts on the nets were low in the control cages and similar for both strains of mosquitoes, landing attempts of the susceptible mosquitoes increased 7-10 fold against the insecticide treated nets, whereas landing attempts of the resistant mosquitoes increased only about 3-fold against PBO-treated nets but not regular LLIN. The average resting duration on the nets was 100-120 seconds in the control cage regardless of mosquito strains while resting duration reduced to 5-15 s against regular nets and 5-30 s against PBO nets. Overall, compared to the susceptible mosquitoes, the resistant mosquitoes had a significantly lower number of landing attempts and resting on the insecticide-treated nets. Conclusion: Based on the overall behaviour analysis, the evidence suggested that the resistant An. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes were inactive against insecticide-treated nets. The results from this study explain why mortality in resistant mosquitoes was low in the presence of LLINs – they did not contact often and did not rest often on the treated nets.
Contribution of Conflict Management on Employees' Performance: A Case of Dar es Salaam Maritime Gateway Project
Authors: Rwehumbiza Editha G , Mfugale Castor B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the contribution of Conflict management on Employee’s performance at Dar es Salaam Maritime Gateway Project (DMGP). Specifically, the study intended to identify the structure of communication flow at DMGP to establish the conflict resolution techniques at Dar es Salaam Maritime Gateway Project, and to associate practiced Conflict resolution approaches with employees’ performance in Dar es salaam Maritime Gateway Project. The study involved 45 technical staff and the sample was framed conveniently while respondents were selected purposively. The data was coded then analyzed through SPSS. The findings have revealed that employees’ fear to speak out their inner concerns to supervisors because of insecurity of their job despite having a chance to express their opinions. It was also relieved that; interpersonal conflicts were predominantly solved by involving the conflicted. Workers at DMGP prefer more settling their issue with their immediate supervisor than third parties. Also, the training and development offered at DMGP has significantly contributed to the performance of employees in different departments. Generally, it was revealed that conflict management has significant contribution to employees’ performance. The study recommends to managers to enhance interpersonal relationships amongst co-workers to inculcate trust, unleash communication and consequentially boost morale of the employees.
The severity of heat and cold waves amplified by high relative humidity in humid subtropical basins: a case study in the Gan River Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Chen Changchun , Niu Yun , Shen Liucheng , Wang Wenyuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High relative humidity (RH) and temperature extremes can occur simultaneously and persist for periods of time, resulting in serious harm to human health, especially in humid regions. Here, the Gan River Basin was used as a case study to investigate the characteristics of heat and cold waves using the apparent temperature (combined air temperature and RH) of the observed and ERA5 reanalysis datasets. Heat waves showed an increasing trend from 1961 to 2018 (particularly from 1997 to 2018), whereas during the same period, cold waves showed a significant decreasing trend. In general, ERA5 reasonably reflected the spatiotemporal characteristics of heat and cold waves, but the ability to simulate cold waves was greater than that of heat waves. The amplifying effect of high RH on heat waves is significantly greater than on cold waves. The increasing rates of heat waves in ERA5 at the three grades other than extreme heat waves were slightly greater than the observations. Cold waves at various grades showed significant downward trends, and the decreasing rates of cold wave in observations were slightly greater than those of ERA5. Using an analysis of the return period (occurrence probability), traditional univariate risk assessment methods based on maximum or minimum temperature may substantially underestimate the risk of extreme events, such as the 2014 heat wave or the 1969 cold wave, because the effects of RH were ignored.
Nonfatal Occupational Injuries among Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining Workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Abebil Fentayehu , Tefera Yifokire , Tefera Worku , Kumie Abera , Mulugeta Hailemichael , Kassie Genanew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining is widely practiced in developing countries. Injuries are among the public health concerns in the mining sector. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of nonfatal occupational injuries and associated factors among workers in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining, Ethiopia.
Methods
Cross sectional study design was employed from April to June 2020. A total of 403 participants was selected with simple random sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was utilized for the data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the information and the logistic regression was applied to test the association. Predictor variables with p value < 0.05 with Odds ratio of 95% CI in multivariate analysis were considered as associated factors.
Results
A total of 403 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 95.5%. The prevalence of nonfatal occupational injury was 25.1% in the past 12 months. About one third of the injuries, 32 (31.7%), were on the upper extremity and feet, 18 (17.8%). Symptoms of mercury toxicity [AOR: 2 .39, 95% CI (1.27–4.52)], 1–4 years work experience [AOR: 4.50, 95% CI (1.57–12.9)], full work shift [AOR: 6.06, 95% CI (1.97–18.7)], and job in task of mining activities (AOR: 4.83, 95% CI (1.48–15.7)) were associated with the injury.
Conclusion
High prevalence of injuries was found. Work-related factors were found significantly associated with the occurrence of injury. Therefore, both workers and responsible organization should apply intervention focus on the improvement of working condition and safety practice to minimize the injury accident.
Association between multiple chronic conditions and depressive symptoms among the elderly: Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Liu Haixia , Zhou Zhongliang , Sun Hongwei , Fan Xiaojing , Xu Zhaoyang , Li Rui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Multiple (two or more) chronic conditions (MCCs) is an important influencing factor on healthy ageing, which is associated with an increased risk of mortality, functional decline, mental health problems, especially depression in the elderly. However, evidence on associations between MCCs and depression among the elderly is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between MCCs and depression in a large Chinese community study. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 6360 elderly were screened from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, wave 4) database. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), and the elderly with MCCs is that who have been diagnosed at least two or more chronic diseases by the doctor. To test the relationship between MCCs and depression among the elderly, chi-square test and generalized linear model (GLM) were carried out.Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly was 50.0%, of which 60.5% suffered from depression. Among the elderly with chronic disease, 19.8% suffered from MCCs, and the probability of depression in the elderly with MCCs was 1.332 times higher than that in the elderly without MCCs (OR:1.332, OR95% CI: 1.152 to 1.541). Urban and rural source, elementary school and above, social activities, life satisfaction, health satisfaction and child relationship satisfaction were the influencing factors of depression in the elderly with MCCs, while gender, urban and rural source, age(≥75y), per capita household income, life satisfaction, health satisfaction and child relationship satisfaction were the influencing factors of depression in the elderly without MCCs.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the exiting research gap on the relationship between MCCs and depression among the elderly, and can develop depression interventions targeting specific chronic disease for elderly.
Pure laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatectomy in pediatric living donor liver transplantation: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sha Meng , Zong Zhipeng , Shen Chuan , Zhu Jian-jun , Feng Ming-xuan , Luo Yi , Tong Ying , Xia Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety and feasibility of pure laparoscopic left lateral hepatectomy in comparison with open approach for pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Methods: A systemic literature survey was performed by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases for articles that compared pure laparoscopic left lateral living donor hepatectomy (LLDH) and open left lateral living donor hepatectomy (OLDH) by November 2021. Meta-analysis was performed to assess donors’ and recipients’ perioperative outcomes using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: A total of seven studies involving 489 patients were included in the analysis. The results demonstrated that LLDH group had significantly less blood loss (WMD=-82.12ml, 95%CI: -109.56-54.67, P<0.00001) and shorter length of hospital stay (WMD=-2.36d, 95%CI: -3.19--1.52, P<0.00001) compared with OLDH group. A reduced overall postoperative complication rate was observed in the LLDH group (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.15-0.68, P=0.003). In the subgroup analysis, donor bile leakage, wound infection and pulmonary complications were similar between two groups (bile leakage: OR=1.31, 95%CI: 0.43-4.02, P=0.63; wound infection: OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.11-1.25, P=0.11; pulmonary complications: OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.04-1.41, P=0.11). For recipients, there were no significant difference in perioperative outcomes between the LLDH and OLDH group, including mortality, overall complications, hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein and biliary complications.Conclusion: LLDH is a safe and effective alternative to OLDH for pediatric LDLT, reducing invasiveness and benefiting postoperative recovery. Future large-scale multi-center studies are expected to confirm the advantages of LLDH in pediatric LDLT.
Comparative evaluation of the properties and applications of soluble dietary fibers derived from natural plants
Authors: Zou Xiaoqiang , Xu Xiuli , Chao Zhonghao , Zheng Lei , Jiang Bangzhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plant-derived soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) have many important physiological functions and the applications of different SDFs vary based on their properties, which are worth further investigating for SDF-rich food production. In this study, SDFs with high industrialization derived from konjac, apple, chicory, flaxseed, orange, psyllium seed, soybean and oat were selected, and their structural properties, physicochemical properties, α-amylase inhibitory activity and cholesterol absorption capacity were systematically evaluated and compared. The results showed that the molecular weight of konjac glucomannan (KGM, 5.22×106 Da) was the highest, and inulin, soybean and oat SDFs had higher water solubility compared with the others. Moreover, KGM, apple, flaxseed and psyllium seed SDFs exhibited better water-holding capacity, swelling capacity, emulsifying activity and stability. Rheological studies and texture profile analysis suggested that KGM had the best viscosity and gelation ability. In addition, apple and orange SDFs showed better α-amylase inhibitory activity, while KGM and flaxseed SDF displayed fine cholesterol absorption capacity, illustrating the feasibility to regulate blood sugar and blood lipid levels.
Extremely-slow, half-number shockwave lithotripsy for ureteral stones
Authors: Somiya Shinya , Koterazawa Shigeki , Ito Katsuhiro , Haitani Takao , Arakaki Ryuichiro , Kawase Norio , Higashi Yoshihito , Yamada Hitoshi , Kanno Toru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To elucidate and compare the treatment success rate and safety of the reduced (30 shocks/min with 1,200 shocks/session) and standard protocols (60 shocks/min with 2,400 shocks/session) of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for ureteral stones treatment.
Materials and Methods
This study was a retrospective review of 2410 SWL procedures with reduced or standard protocols (groups R and S) in 1106 patients for ureteral stones between March 2014 and March 2021. The patients chose either group after hearing an explanation of both protocols. The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as the absence of residual fragments on ultrasonography and plain radiography within 30 and 90 days. A multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching analysis evaluated the association between the reduced protocol and treatment success.
Results
This study included 311 and 544 patients in the reduced (R) and standard (S) protocol groups, respectively. The patient’s characteristics were comparable, excluding the lithotripter machine. There was no significant difference between groups R and S in treatment success rates within 30 (63.3% vs. 65.8%, p = 0.50) and 90 days (88.7% vs. 91.5%, p = 0.18). The overall complication rates did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.45). The multivariate analysis indicated no significant association between reduced protocol and treatment success within 30 and 90 days (p = 0.44 and p = 0.68, respectively). Propensity score matching showed no significant difference in the treatment success rates within 30 and 90 days or overall complication rates.
Conclusion
The Extremely slow, half number protocol outcomes are comparable to those of the standard protocol for treating ureteral stones.
Effects of electric field and anisotropy on the mass-radius relationship of a particular class of compact stars
Authors: Komathiraj K , Sharma Ranjan , Chanda Samstuti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For a static, spherically symmetric, anisotropic and charged distribution of matter, we present a new class of exact solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell system. By assuming specific forms of the electric field and anisotropy, we transform the master equation of the Einstein-Maxwell system to Bessel and modified Bessel differential equations. The subsequent solutions turn out to be generalizations of the isotropic and uncharged stellar model of Finch and Skea (1989), the isotropic and charged stellar model of Hansraj and Maharaj (2006) and the anisotropic and charged stellar model of Maharaj {\em et al} (2017). We analyze the physical viability of the solutions and utilize one particular class of solutions to examine the effects of charge and anisotropy on the mass-radius relationship of compact stars.
Identification and phenotypic characterization of patients with LADA in a population of southeast Mexico
Authors: Nolasco-Rosales German Alberto , Ramírez-González Dania , Rodríguez-Sánchez Ester , Ávila-Fernandez Angela , Villar-Juarez Guillermo Efrén , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso , Guzmán-Priego Cristell Guadalupe , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Blé-Castillo Jorge L. , Marín-Medina Alejandro , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, indicating an autoimmune pathogenesis. As LADA has clinical and metabolic features from type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it has no categorically defined features; additionally, the autoantibody detection is not affordable in clinical settings. We analyzed the LADA diagnosis in relation to clinical criteria, metabolic control, drug treatment and diabetes complications in individuals from southeast Mexico. Finally, we evaluated the diagnostic value of the most significant features of our patients. A sample of 377 individuals with type 2 diabetes were evaluated through their GADA levels. They were divided into 59 patients with LADA and 318 patients with T2D. We used the Chi-squared test for categorical variables and the t-Student test for numerical data; we also performed a logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating curve evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of significant numerical variables in the logistic regression. Age at diagnosis of diabetes was lower in individuals with LADA than in individuals with type 2 diabetes. For diabetes complications, we found lower frequencies in patients with LADA. Both groups had a BMI close to obesity. Individuals with type 2 diabetes showed higher levels of fasting glucose. Individuals with LADA used insulin more frequently. The receiver operating curves analysis indicated that age at diagnosis of diabetes was under 41 years; an eGDR value higher than 9.75 correlated better with LADA. Patients with LADA showed lower values of fasting glucose levels, fewer diabetic complications, younger age at diagnosis of diabetes, higher use of insulin, and higher eGDR. An age at diagnosis of diabetes <41 years and an eGFR value >9.75 could be indicators to identify patients with LADA in a population of southeast Mexico.
Structural basis of Nrf2 activation by flavonolignans from silymarin
Authors: Bello Martiniano 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Several properties of silymarin (SM) extract have been attributed to their three major flavonolignans (silybin, silychristin, and silydianin) and their 2,3-dehydro derivatives (2,3-dehydrosilybin, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin, and 2,3-dehydrosilydianin). Experimental findings have suggested that the antioxidative and protective activities of these compounds could be due to their ability to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The mechanism by which SM compounds exert their effect has been suggested to be by disrupting the complex between Nrf2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, information about the structural and energetic basis of the inhibitory mechanism of SM compounds on the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is lacking. We evaluated the binding properties of SM compounds because experimental findings have pointed to them as potential activators of Nrf2. Our study combined docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the Poisson–Boltzmann and generalized Born and surface area (MMPBSA and MMGBSA) methods and quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QMMM) calculations to investigate Keap1–ligand interactions. Our results revealed that silybinA and 2,3-dehydrosilybin bind to Keap1, forming interactions with the same pockets as those observed for the cocrystallized Keap1-Cpd16 complex but with more favorable binding free energies. These findings indicate that both natural compounds are potential activators of Nrf2.
Effects of Chimeric Galanin Receptor Ligands on Basal Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rat Ventral Idppocampal Membranes
Authors: Valkna Andres , Laidmiie Erki , Karelson Ello , Zilmer Mihkel , Jureusl Anders , Langell Ulo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The chimeric peptides consisting of galanin(l-13) and C-terminus of bradykinin, M35, M58 and M59, inhibit the level of basal adenylate cyclase activity in rat ventral hippocampal membranes in a complex way. At certain concentrations, M35 (0.1-10 nM), M59 (0.1-1000 nM) and M58 (100-10000nM) antagonize the inhibitory effect of galanin on basal activity of the ventral hippocampal adenylate cyclase. All three chimeric peptides are high-affinity ligands at ventral hippocampal galanin receptors with Hill coefficients significantly less than unity. The involvement of distinct binding sites in the biphasic regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by these chimeric galanin analogues in ventral hippocampal membranes has been suggested.
Synthesis of a Heterocyclic γ-Turn Peptidomimetic Sequence
Authors: Ma Xin , Passaro G. , Rolland-Fulcrand V. , Fauchere J.L. , Lazaro R. , Roumestant M.L. , Viallefont Ph. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
A versatile synthesis of a heterocyclic mimetic of a peptide y-turn is described. The resulting structure, which shows protected amino and carboxy terminal groups, can easily be inserted in peptide sequences.
Broad-Spectrum Anti-Flavivirus Activity and Chemistry of Compounds
Containing Sulfur and Oxygen Chalcogens
Authors: Sole Burali Maria , Cecchetti Violetta , Manfroni Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Sulfur and oxygen containing-compounds are a relevant class of derivatives
that is constantly growing due to their wide range of pharmacological activity, including
the antiviral one. As proof of this, there are several FDA approved antiviral compounds
having sulfur and oxygen in their structures. Among RNA viruses, the flavivirus genus
(e.g. Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses) holds a relevant place within
zoonotic pathogens and thus flavivirus infections are considered a growing risk for the
public health. As a consequence, the drug discovery process aimed at identify new anti-
flavivirus agents is of great relevance and will help to find effective therapies not available
yet. One of the most alarming features of flaviviruses is their ability to co-infect the
host, thus aggravating the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, finding compounds endowed
with a broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus activity is now becoming a pressing need.
In this review, we describe the most promising compounds having both sulfur and oxygen
in their structures characterized by a broad-spectrum activity against different flaviviruses.
Furthermore, the synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of the described
derivatives are also reported. Readers can be inspired by the contents of this review
to design and synthesize more effective anti-flavivirus agents as well as to select viral
or host targets to achieve an antiviral activity as broadly as possible.