bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribal Perspectives on Hypertension: Results From the Center for Native American Health Native-CHART Needs Assessment
Authors: Parker Tassy , Kelley Allyson , Cooeyate Norman , Tsosie Nathania 
Published: December 2022

Purpose and Objectives: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) hypertension contributes to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death in this population. The purpose of this article is to document strategies, concerns, and barriers related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease from Native-Controlling Hypertension and Risks through Technology (Native-CHART) symposiums facilitated by the Center for Native American Health (CNAH). The objectives of this evaluation were to combine Health Needs Assessment (HNA) data and explore barriers and strategies related to hypertension while assessing changes in participants’ perspectives over time (2017-2021). Approach: CNAH followed an iterative process each year for planning the HNA, facilitating the HNA, and refining and reflecting on HNA findings over time. This involved 3 interconnected steps: (1) developing a shared understanding for the HNA, “Why are we here?,” (2) facilitating the HNA during annual symposiums “What do we do?,” and (3) reflecting on “What did we learn?”. Evaluation Methods: Data were collected using a culturally centered HNA co-created by the CNAH team and tribal partners. Qualitative data analysis utilized a culturally centered thematic approach and NVivo software version 12.0. Quantitative data analysis included summarizing frequency counts and descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel. Results: Over the 5-year period, 212 Native-CHART symposium participants completed HNAs. Data collected from HNAs show persistent barriers and concerns and illuminate potential strategies to address AI/AN hypertension. Future efforts must explore effective strategies that build on community strengths, culture and traditions, and existing resources. This is the path forward. Implications for Public Health: CNAH’s culturally centered and unique HNA approach helped assess participant perspectives over time. CNAH facilitated symposiums over multiple years, even amid a global pandemic. This demonstrates resilience and continuity of community outreach when it is needed the most. Other universities and tribal partners could benefit from this iterative approach as they work to design HNAs with tribal populations.
Smell and Taste in Children with Covid-19
Authors: Meliante Piero Giuseppe , Marcellino Alessia , Altomari Roger , Testa Alessia , Gallo Andrea , Ralli Massimo , de Vincentiis Marco , Lubrano Riccardo 
Published: December 2022

Objectives To assess the frequency of loss of smell and taste in children during Covid-19 infection and their prevalence along with other symptoms, as well as the recovery of chemosensory function once healed. Methods To evaluate symptoms during infection, we adapted the Scandinavian adaptation of the Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire and the modified Monel-Jefferson questionnaire. For smell analysis we used Odor Identification (OI) and two variants of the Odor Discrimination (OD) test, and we compared the results with those of a control group. Results We enrolled nine patients in our experimental group and nine in our control group. Fever was the most frequent symptom (55% of cases), followed by anosmia and ageusia (44% of cases), muscle pain and asthenia (22% of cases) and diarrhea, abdominal pain, cough, and headache (11% of cases). In 11% of cases, olfactory symptoms were the only manifestation of the disease. There was no statistically significant difference in OI test and OD tests between the two groups (Children healed from Covid-19 and Control Group). Conclusion Loss of smell and taste are the second most common symptoms of pediatric Covid-19, and they should always be tested because they can be the only manifestations of infection. Olfactory function in Covid-19 children decreases with increasing age and improves with the passage of time after illness.
RCT versus real-world cohorts: Differences in patient characteristics drive associations with outcome after EVT
Authors: Quandt Fanny , Meißner Nina , Wölfer Teresa A , Flottmann Fabian , Deb-Chatterji Milani , Kellert Lars , Fiehler Jens , Goyal Mayank , Saver Jeffrey L , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Tiedt Steffen 
Published: December 2022

Background: The selection of patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke for endovascular treatment (EVT) depends on patient characteristics and procedural metrics. The relation of these variables to functional outcome after EVT has been assessed in numerous datasets from both randomized controlled trials (RCT) and real-world registries, but whether differences in their case mix modulate outcome prediction is unknown. Methods: We leveraged data from individual patients with anterior LVO stroke treated with EVT from completed RCTs from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive ( N = 479) and from the German Stroke Registry ( N = 4079). Cohorts were compared regarding (i) patient characteristics and procedural pre-EVT metrics, (ii) these variables’ relation to functional outcome, and (iii) the performance of derived outcome prediction models. Relation to outcome (functional dependence defined by a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days) was analyzed by logistic regression models and a machine learning algorithm. Results: Ten out of 11 analyzed baseline variables differed between the RCT and real-world cohort: RCT patients were younger, had higher admission NIHSS scores, and received thrombolysis more often (all p < 0.0001). Largest differences at the level of individual outcome predictors were observed for age (RCT: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.29 (95% CI, 1.10–1.53) vs real-world aOR, 1.65 (95% CI, 1.54–1.78) per 10-year increments, p < 0.001). Treatment with intravenous thrombolysis was not significantly associated with functional outcome in the RCT cohort (aOR, 1.64 (95 % CI, 0.91–3.00)), but in the real-world cohort (aOR, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69–0.96); p for cohort heterogeneity = 0.056). Outcome prediction was more accurate when constructing and testing the model using real-world data compared to construction with RCT data and testing on real-world data (area under the curve, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79–0.85) vs 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77–0.80), p = 0.004). Conclusions: RCT and real-world cohorts considerably differ in patient characteristics, individual outcome predictor strength, and overall outcome prediction model performance.
The EffecTs of Amlodipine and other Blood PREssure Lowering Agents on Microvascular FuncTion in Small Vessel Diseases (TREAT-SVDs) trial: Study protocol for a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Kopczak Anna , Stringer Michael S , van den Brink Hilde , Kerkhofs Danielle , Blair Gordon W , van Dinther Maud , Onkenhout Laurien , Wartolowska Karolina A , Thrippleton Michael J , Duering Marco , Staals Julie , Middeke Martin , André Elisabeth , Norrving Bo , Bousser Marie-Germaine , Mansmann Ulrich , Rothwell Peter M , Doubal Fergus N , van Oostenbrugge Robert , Biessels Geert Jan , Webb Alastair JS , Wardlaw Joanna M , Dichgans Martin 
Published: December 2022

Background: Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs). Yet, it is unknown whether antihypertensive drug classes differentially affect microvascular function in SVDs. Aims: To test whether amlodipine has a beneficial effect on microvascular function when compared to either losartan or atenolol, and whether losartan has a beneficial effect when compared to atenolol in patients with symptomatic SVDs. Design: TREAT-SVDs is an investigator-led, prospective, open-label, randomised crossover trial with blinded endpoint assessment (PROBE design) conducted at five study sites across Europe. Patients aged 18 years or older with symptomatic SVD who have an indication for antihypertensive treatment and are suffering from either sporadic SVD and a history of lacunar stroke or vascular cognitive impairment (group A) or CADASIL (group B) are randomly allocated 1:1:1 to one of three sequences of antihypertensive treatment. Patients stop their regular antihypertensive medication for a 2-week run-in period followed by 4-week periods of monotherapy with amlodipine, losartan and atenolol in random order as open-label medication in standard dose. Outcomes: The primary outcome measure is cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) as determined by blood oxygen level dependent brain MRI signal response to hypercapnic challenge with change in CVR in normal appearing white matter as primary endpoint. Secondary outcome measures are mean systolic blood pressure (BP) and BP variability (BPv). Discussion: TREAT-SVDs will provide insights into the effects of different antihypertensive drugs on CVR, BP, and BPv in patients with symptomatic sporadic and hereditary SVDs. Funding: European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme. Trial registration: NCT03082014.
Hearing Loss Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment for Refugees and Asylees in an Urban Clinic, 2014‐2017
Authors: Jaradeh Katrin , Liao Elizabeth , Dieterich Cristy , Truong Sammi , Anand Payal , Chan Dylan K. , Raphael Eva 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesFirst, to determine whether using a single‐question subjective hearing screen vs gold standard audiometric evaluation is effective for hearing loss screening in refugees and asylees. Second, to understand the clinical pathways for hearing loss diagnosis and treatment.Study DesignThis is a case series with chart review from January 2014 to December 2017.SettingA large urban safety net primary care clinic in San Francisco, California.MethodsPatients were included who had a medical record and completed single‐question subjective hearing screening and audiometric evaluation during refugee health examinations. An overall 349 patients met all inclusion criteria.ResultsOut of 349 patients, 48% were male; the median age was 29.3 years (SD, 15.1). The majority came from Central or South America (n = 148, 42%) and China (n = 79, 23%). Among all patients, 10 (3%) failed the subjective hearing screen, and 18 (5%) failed audiometric evaluation. Of those who failed the subjective hearing screen, 4 (40%) passed audiometric evaluation. Of those who failed the audiometric evaluation, 12 (66%) passed subjective screening, and only 5 (28%) received a diagnostic audiogram, with 4 diagnosed with hearing loss and 1 receiving hearing aids. The sensitivity of the subjective screening question was 33% and the specificity 99% as compared with audiometric evaluation.ConclusionAudiometric evaluation is relatively inexpensive and easily administered, while a single subjective question is a poor screening tool. Hearing loss is undertreated in this population. Ensuring appropriate hearing loss screening, diagnosis, and treatment in this population is paramount to improving quality of life.
Influence of rheologically weak layers on fault architecture: insights from analogue models in the context of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin
Authors: Zwaan Frank , Schreurs Guido , Madritsch Herfried , Herwegh Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a series of analogue models inspired by the geology of the Zürcher Weinland region in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin of Switzerland to explore the influence of rheological weak, i.e. (partially) ductile layers on the 3D evolution of tectonic deformation. Our model series test the impact of varying weak layer thickness and rheology, as well as different kinematics of an underlying “basal fault”. Model analysis focuses on deformation in the weak layer overburden and, uniquely, within the weak layer itself. We find that for low to moderate basal fault displacements, the above-mentioned parameters strongly influence the degree of coupling between the basal fault and the weak layer overburden. Coupling between the basal fault and overburden decreases by reducing the strength of the weak layer, or by increasing the weak layer’s thickness. As a result, basal fault displacement is less readily transferred through the weak layer, leading to a different structural style in the overburden. By contrast, increasing the amount, or rate, of basal fault slip enhances coupling and leads to a more similar structural style between basal fault and overburden. Moreover, dip-slip displacement on the basal fault is more readily transferred to the overburden than strike-slip displacement of the same magnitude. Our model results compare fairly well to natural examples in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin, explaining various structural features. These comparisons suggest that rheological weak layers such as the Jurassic Opalinus Clay have exerted a stronger control on fault zone architecture than is commonly inferred, potentially resulting in vertical fault segmentation and variations in structural style. Furthermore, the novel addition of internal marker intervals to the weak layer in our models reveals how complex viscous flow within these layers can accommodate basal fault slip. Our model results demonstrate the complex links between fault kinematics, mechanics and 3D geometries, and can be used for interpreting structures in the Alpine Foreland, as well as in other settings with similar weak layers and basal faults driving deformation in the system.
Metabolic disorders sensitise endometrial carcinoma through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhou Jingyi , Lin Yanying , Yang Xiao , Shen Boqiang , Hao Juan , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Jianliu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Metabolic disorder is considered a well-established risk factor for endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, the mechanism remains unclear. Insulin resistance and excessive flux of free fatty acids serve as fundamental pathogenic factors in metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to test the correlation between insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in EC and to determine the effect of insulin and saturated fatty acids on EC cells.

Methods
A retrospective study on the medical records of patients with EC and RNA-seq from the TCGA database analysed with edgR and Gene Ontology (GO) were used to assess the correlation of dyslipidaemia and diabetes as well as obesity. Crystal violet assays and CCK-8 assays were used to detect the proliferation of EC cells, and Annexin V-PI was used to examine apoptosis. Transient changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored via confocal microscopy. DNA damage was assessed by comet assays. Changes in signalling pathways were detected via phospho-kinase array. western blotting was used to assess the molecular changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and DNA damage.

Results
We found that glucose metabolism disorders accompanied dyslipidaemia in patients with EC. As a key regulator of glucose metabolism disorders, insulin promoted DNA damage, ROS and Ca2+ homoeostasis imbalance in a panel of established EC cell lines. Interestingly, excessive insulin boosted saturated fatty acid-induced pro-apoptotic effects in EC cells. Furthermore, our data showed that insulin synergised with saturated fatty acids to activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (mTOR/p70S6K) pathway and ER stress, resulting in Ca2+ release from ER and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which contributed to combined insulin and saturated fatty acid treatment-induced apoptosis and tumour progression.

Conclusions
Our data are the first to illustrate that impaired glucose metabolism accelerates dyslipidaemia-promoted EC progression, which is attributed to hyperinsulinaemia and saturated fatty acid-induced Ca2+ dyshomoeostasis and UPR activation in EC cells via ER stress.
Unparalleled details of soft tissues in a Cretaceous ant
Authors: Zhuang Yuhui , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Guojie , Mai Huijuan , Li Xiaoqin , He Hong , Ran Hao , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor social insects such as ants, the internal organs are likely important in understanding their eusocial behavior and evolution. Such organs, however, are rarely preserved on fossils. In each of the few cases reporting exceptionally fossilized soft tissues in arthropods, the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular systems have been described individually, but never in combination. Here, we report a female specimen (gyne) of the extinct ant group—†Zigrasimecia—included in a Cretaceous amber piece from Kachin, Myanmar, with an almost complete system formed by various internal organs. These include the brain, the main exocrine system, part of the digestive tract, and several muscle clusters. This research expands our knowledge of internal anatomy in stem group ants. As the gyne bears a morphologically unique labrum, our specimen’s internal and external features support the notion that the early ant may have special ecological habits during the Cretaceous period.
Genomic diversity and comprehensive taxonomical classification of 61 Bacillus subtilis group member infecting bacteriophages, and the identification of ortholog taxonomic signature genes
Authors: Abraha Haftom Baraki , Lee Jae-Won , Kim Gayeong , Ferdiansyah Mokhammad Khoiron , Ramesha Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage , Kim Kwang-Pyo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the applications of Bacillus subtilis group species in various sectors, limited information is available regarding their phages. Here, 61 B. subtilis group species-infecting phages (BSPs) were studied for their taxonomic classification considering the genome-size, genomic diversity, and the host, followed by the identification of orthologs taxonomic signature genes.

Results
BSPs have widely ranging genome sizes that can be bunched into groups to demonstrate correlations to family and subfamily classifications. Comparative analysis re-confirmed the existing, BSPs-containing 14 genera and 21 species and displayed inter-genera similarities within existing subfamilies. Importantly, it also revealed the need for the creation of new taxonomic classifications, including 28 species, nine genera, and two subfamilies (New subfamily1 and New subfamily2) to accommodate inter-genera relatedness. Following pangenome analysis, no ortholog shared by all BSPs was identified, while orthologs, namely, the tail fibers/spike proteins and poly-gamma-glutamate hydrolase, that are shared by more than two-thirds of the BSPs were identified. More importantly, major capsid protein (MCP) type I, MCP type II, MCP type III and peptidoglycan binding proteins that are distinctive orthologs for Herelleviridae, Salasmaviridae, New subfamily1, and New subfamily2, respectively, were identified and analyzed which could serve as signatures to distinguish BSP members of the respective taxon.

Conclusions
In this study, we show the genomic diversity and propose a comprehensive classification of 61 BSPs, including the proposition for the creation of two new subfamilies, followed by the identification of orthologs taxonomic signature genes, potentially contributing to phage taxonomy.
Root system architecture of historical spring wheat cultivars is associated with alleles and transcripts of major functional genes
Authors: Maqbool Saman , Ahmad Suhaib , Kainat Zarnishal , Khan Muhammad Ibrar , Maqbool Ammarah , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , Rasheed Awais , He Zhonghu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe evaluated root system architecture (RSA) of a set of 58 historical spring wheat cultivars from Pakistan representing 105 years of selection breeding. The evaluations were carried out under control and water-limited conditions using a high-throughput phenotyping system coupled with RhizoVision Explorer software. The cultivars were classified into three groups based on release year as cultivars released pre-1965, released between 1965 and 2000, and cultivars released post-2000. Under water-limited conditions a decline in 20 out of 25 RSA component traits was observed in pre-1965 cultivars group. Whereas cultivars released after the 1965, so-called green revolution period, showed a decline in 17 traits with significant increments in root length, depth, and steep angle frequency which are important root traits for resource-uptake under water-limited conditions. Similarly, cultivars released after 2000 indicated an increase in the number of roots, depth, diameter, surface area, and steep angle frequency. The coefficient of correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between root depth and yield-related traits under water-limited conditions. We also investigated the effects of green-revolution genes (Rht1) and some phenology-related genes such as DRO1, TaMOR, TaLTPs, TaSus-2B on RSA and identified significant associations of these genes with important root traits. There was strong selection pressure on DRO1 gene in cultivated wheat indicating the allele fixed in modern wheat cultivars is different from landraces. The expression of DRO1, and TaMOR were retrieved from an RNAseq experiment, and results were validated using qRT-PCR. The highest expression of DRO1 and TaMOR was found in Chakwal-50, a rainfed cultivar released in 2008, and MaxiPak-65 released in 1965. We conclude that there is a positive historic change in RSA after 1965 that might be attributed to genetic factors associated with favored RSA traits. Furthermore, we suggest root depth and steep angle as promising traits to withstand water-limited environments and may have implications in selection for breeding.
Transcriptome profiling provides insights into leaf color changes in two Acer palmatum genotypes
Authors: Zhu Lu , Wen Jing , Ma Qiuyue , Yan Kunyuan , Du Yiming , Chen Zhu , Lu Xiaoyu , Ren Jie , Wang Yuelan , Li Shushun , Li Qianzhong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ornamental trees with seasonally-dependent leaf color, such as Acer palmatum, have gained worldwide popularity. Leaf color is a main determinant of the ornamental and economic value of A. palmatum. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for leaf color changes remain unclear.

Results
We chose A. palmatum cultivars with yellow (‘Jinling Huangfeng’) and red (‘Jinling Danfeng’) leaves as the ideal material for studying the complex metabolic networks responsible for variations in leaf coloration. The 24 libraries obtained from four different time points in the growth of ‘Jinling Huangfeng’ and ‘Jinling Danfeng’ was subjected to Illumina high-throughput sequencing. We observed that the difference in cyanidin and delphinidin content is the primary reason behind the varying coloration of the leaves. Transcriptomic analyses revealed 225,684 unigenes, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) confirmed that they were involved in ‘anthocyanin biosynthesis.’ Eighteen structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were thought to be related to anthocyanin accumulation, whereas 46 MYBs, 33 basic helix-loop-helixs (bHLHs), and 29 WD40s were presumed to be involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three candidate genes (ApRHOMBOID, ApMAPK, and ApUNE10) were screened in the significant association module with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.86.

Conclusion
In this study, the leaf color changes of two A. palmatum genotypes were analyzed. These findings provide novel insights into variations in leaf coloration and suggest pathways for targeted genetic improvements in A. palmatum.