bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child maltreatment and youth suicide risk: A developmental conceptual model and implications for suicide prevention
Authors: Duprey Erinn B. , Handley Elizabeth D. , Wyman Peter A. , Ross Andrew J. , Cerulli Catherine , Oshri Assaf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExperiences of child abuse and neglect are risk factors for youth suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Accordingly, suicide risk may emerge as a developmental process that is heavily influenced by the rearing environment. We argue that a developmental, theoretical framework is needed to guide future research on child maltreatment and youth (i.e., adolescent and emerging adult) suicide, and to subsequently inform suicide prevention efforts. We propose a developmental model that integrates principles of developmental psychopathology and current theories of suicide to explain the association between child maltreatment and youth suicide risk. This model bears significant implications for future research on child maltreatment and youth suicide risk, and for suicide prevention efforts that target youth with child maltreatment experiences.
Strengthening Emergency Department Resiliency - Resident Deployment Considerations during a Mass-Casualty Incident
Authors: Jasani Gregory , Hertelendy Attila , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the event of a mass-casualty incident (MCI), hospital emergency departments (EDs) may be called upon to provide care to a large number of critically ill patients. As EDs plan for MCIs, determining how to best allocate staff members can play a significant role in the success or failure of a response. In academic EDs, a group that is often overlooked during MCI planning is the resident physicians. We argue that MCI plans at academic hospitals should consider the re-deployment of emergency medicine resident physicians in non-critical hospital rotations back to the ED.
How regime legitimation influences Vietnam's strategy toward US–China strategic rivalry
Authors: Dung Phan Xuan , Ho Benjamin Tze Ern 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVietnam has tried to maintain a delicate balance between the United States and China by pursuing a hedging strategy. In a shifting strategic environment marked by structural uncertainty caused by the rise of China, weaker Southeast Asian states like Vietnam are projecting a non-alignment posture. However, this rational behavior is not the product of systemic factors alone but also certain domestic political dynamics. We argue that regime legitimation – how the Vietnam Communist Party seeks to generate and sustain internal and external legitimacy – weighs heavily on Vietnam's strategy toward US–China competition. In particular, three legitimation strategies employed by the Vietnam Communist Party – performance-based legitimation, nationalism-based legitimation vis-à-vis China, and defensive legitimation vis-à-vis “hostile forces” – produce dynamics that ensure Hanoi does not get inadvertently pulled into the orbit of either Beijing or Washington. Theoretically, this article contributes to the literature on domestic determinants of foreign policy with a focus on regime legitimation. Empirically, we seek to supplement the discussion on the salience and relevance of domestic politics in informing Southeast Asian states' strategic calculation amid great-power competition.
Thermoneutrality effects on developmental programming of obesity
Authors: Desai Mina , Torsoni Adrianna S. , Torsoni Marcio A. , Eisaghalian Agnlia , Ferrini Monica G. , Ross Michael G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopmental programming studies using mouse models have housed the animals at human thermoneutral temperatures (22°C) which imposes constant cold stress. As this impacts energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of two housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) on obesity development in male and female offspring of Control and FR dams. Pregnant mice were housed at 22°C (cold-exposed, CE) or 30°C (thermoneutrality, TN) room temperature. At gestational age e10, mice were fed either an ad libitum diet (Control) or were 30% food-restricted (FR) to produce low birth weight newborns. Following delivery, all dams were fed an ad libitum diet and maternal mice continued to nurse their own pups. At 3 weeks of age, offspring were weaned to an ad libitum diet and housed at similar temperatures as their mothers. Body weights and food intake were monitored. At 6 months of age, body composition and glucose tolerance test were determined, after which, brain and adipose tissue were collected for analysis. FR/CE and FR/TN offspring exhibited hyperphagia and were significantly heavier with increased adiposity as compared to their respective Controls. There was sex-specific effects of temperature in both groups. Male offspring at TN were heavier with increased body fat, though the food intake was decreased as compared to CE males. This was reflected by hypertrophic adipocytes and increased arcuate nucleus satiety/appetite ratio. In contrast, female offspring were not impacted by housing temperature. Thus, unlike female offspring, there was a significant interaction of diet and temperature evident in the male offspring with accentuated adverse effects evident in FR/TN males.
Meta-Analysis of Factor Analyses of the General Health Questionnaire	– Short Forms GHQ-28 and GHQ-30
Authors: Shafer Alan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Two meta-analyses of exploratory factor analyses of the General Health Questionnaire short forms, GHQ-28 ( N = 26,848, k = 40) and GHQ-30 ( N = 43,151 k = 25), were conducted to determine the consistent factors found in each test and any common factors across them. Five databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, BASE, Semantic, and Google Scholar) were searched in 2021. Reproduced correlations derived from the original studies’ factor matrices and aggregated across studies were factor analyzed for the meta-analyses. For the GHQ-28, the standard four subscales of somatic, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression were clearly identified and strongly supported by a four-factor structure. For the GHQ-30, a four-factor solution identified factors of anxiety, depression, social dysfunction, and social satisfaction, the first three factors shared a number of items with the same scales found in the GHQ-28. These shared factors appear similar across tests and should help bridge research using the GHQ-30 and the GHQ-28. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the four-factor models in both tests. The four standard subscales of GHQ-28 were strongly supported and can be recommended. The three similar factors in the GHQ-30, as well as the social satisfaction factor, appear reasonable to use.
Delaying Academic Tasks and Feeling Bad About It
Authors: Bobe Julia , Schnettler Theresa , Scheunemann Anne , Fries Stefan , Bäulke Lisa , Thies Daniel O. , Dresel Markus , Leutner Detlev , Wirth Joachim , Klingsieck Katrin B. , Grunschel Carola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Procrastination is the irrational delay of an intended task and is common among students. A delay can only be defined as procrastination when it is voluntary, the action was intended but not implemented, and the delay is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Established scales of procrastination cover mainly behavioral aspects but have neglected the emotional aspect. This inaccuracy concerning the construct validity might entail misconceptions of procrastination. Accordingly, we developed and validated the Behavioral and Emotional Academic Procrastination Scale (BEPS), which covers all aspects of the definition of procrastination. The 6-item scale measuring self-reported academic procrastination was tested in three studies. Study 1 ( N = 239) evaluated the psychometric qualities of the BEPS, indicating good item characteristics and internal consistency. Study 2 ( N = 1,441) used confirmatory factor analysis and revealed two correlated factors: one covering the behavioral aspect and the other reflecting the emotional aspect. Measurement invariance was shown through longitudinal and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Study 3 ( N = 234) provided evidence for the scale’s convergent validity through correlations with established procrastination scales, self-efficacy, and neuroticism. The BEPS thus economically operationalizes all characteristics of academic procrastination and appears to be a reliable and valid self-report measure.
Evaluating the Effects of Multiscale Heterogeneous Sediments on Solute Mixing and Effective Dispersion
Authors: Ren Wanli , Ershadnia Reza , Wallace Corey D. , LaBolle Eric M. , Dai Zhenxue , de Barros Felipe P. J. , Soltanian Mohamad R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe heterogeneity of sedimentary aquifers can be characterized by parameters related to the underlying sedimentary structure such as physical attributes of sediments (e.g., volume proportions and lengths of facies types). These parameters often reflect multiscale variability typically observed in the hydraulic conductivity field and the resulting fluid velocity. Although there have been many studies of solute transport processes (e.g., dispersion, mixing, and dilution) in heterogeneous media, there is still a lack of understanding of the controlling influence of sedimentary architecture on the time‐evolution of the solute plume's spreading and mixing behavior and their uncertainty. In this work, we used high‐resolution and three‐dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the time‐evolution of the effective dispersion and mixing behavior of the solute through a heterogeneous aquifer that displays multiscale sedimentary architecture. Transport simulations are performed by using the random walk particle tracking method. Our numerical experiments allow us to understand which scale of sedimentary architecture is most relevant to explaining effective dispersion and mixing. We further analyze whether or not the uncertainty in solute spreading and mixing are equally affected by the different spatial organization of sedimentary facies types. We also perform an extensive parametric study to better understand the effect of physical sediment attributes and univariate statistics of hydraulic conductivity (e.g., mean and variance) at the facies scale on both effective dispersion and mixing. Our results indicate that meter‐scale heterogeneity plays a major role in controlling solute transport processes. Moreover, the effective dispersion is more sensitive to the spatial organization of sedimentary facies type.
Arctic Ocean Freshwater in CMIP6 Coupled Models
Authors: Wang Shizhu , Wang Qiang , Wang Muyin , Lohmann Gerrit , Qiao Fangli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study we assessed the representation of the sea surface salinity (SSS) and liquid freshwater content (LFWC) of the Arctic Ocean in the historical simulation of 31 CMIP6 models with comparison to 39 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and investigated the projected changes in Arctic liquid and solid freshwater content and freshwater budget in scenarios with two different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5). No significant improvement was found in the SSS and LFWC simulation from CMIP5 to CMIP6, given the large model spreads in both CMIP phases. The overestimation of LFWC continues to be a common bias in CMIP6. In the historical simulation, the multi‐model mean river runoff, net precipitation, Bering Strait and Barents Sea Opening (BSO) freshwater transports are 2,928 ± 1,068, 1,839 ± 3,424, 2,538 ± 1,009, and −636 ± 553 km3/year, respectively. In the last decade of the 21st century, CMIP6 MMM projects these budget terms to rise to 4,346 ± 1,484 km3/year (3,678 ± 1,255 km3/year), 3,866 ± 2,935 km3/year (3,145 ± 2,651 km3/year), 2,631 ± 1,119 km3/year (2,649 ± 1,141 km3/year) and 1,033 ± 1,496 km3/year (449 ± 1,222 km3/year) under SSP5‐8.5 (SSP2‐4.5). Arctic sea ice is expected to continue declining in the future, and sea ice meltwater flux is likely to decrease to about zero in the mid‐21st century under both SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. Liquid freshwater exiting Fram and Davis straits will be higher in the future, and the Fram Strait export will remain larger. The Arctic Ocean is projected to hold a total of 160,300 ± 62,330 km3 (141,590 ± 50,310 km3) liquid freshwater under SSP5‐8.5 (SSP2‐4.5) by 2100, about 60% (40%) more than its historical climatology.
Tropical Instability Waves and Wind‐Forced Cross‐Equatorial Flow in the Central Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Heukamp Finn Ole , Brandt Peter , Dengler Marcus , Tuchen Franz Philip , McPhaden Michael J. , Moum James N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on velocity data from a long‐term moored observatory located at 0°N, 23°W we present evidence of a vertical asymmetry during the intraseasonal maxima of northward and southward upper‐ocean flow in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Periods of northward flow are characterized by a meridional velocity maximum close to the surface, while southward phases show a subsurface velocity maximum at about 40 m. We show that the observed asymmetry is caused by the local winds. Southerly wind stress at the equator drives northward flow near the surface and southward flow below that is superimposed on the Tropical Instability Wave (TIW) velocity field. This wind‐driven overturning cell, known as the Equatorial Roll, shows a distinct seasonal cycle linked to the seasonality of the meridional component of the south‐easterly trade winds. The superposition of vertical shear of the Equatorial Roll and TIWs causes asymmetric mixing during northward and southward TIW phases.
Tropopause‐Level NOx in the Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Dubé Kimberlee , Randel William , Bourassa Adam , Degenstein Doug 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeep convection within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) transports surface level air into the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere (UTLS). This work aims to understand the distribution of NO2, NO, and NOx in the UTLS ASM anticyclone from satellite measurements. Observations of NO2 from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment ‐ Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station are considered. The PRATMO photochemical box model is used to quantify the NOx photochemistry, and to derive the NOx concentration using OSIRIS NO2 and O3 observations. The satellite data show a relative minimum in NO2 over the ASM in the summer months, while the corresponding NO and NOx anomalies are elevated, mainly due to low O3 and cold temperatures within the ASM. The observations within the ASM show reasonable agreement to simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model.
Early Precursory Changes in the 3He/4He Ratio Prior to the 2021 Tajogaite Eruption at Cumbre Vieja Volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands
Authors: Padrón Eleazar , Pérez Nemesio M. , Hernández Pedro A. , Sumino Hirochika , Melián Gladys V. , Alonso Mar , Rodríguez Fátima , Asensio‐Ramos María , D’Auria Luca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report significant changes in the 3He/4He ratio measured at the Dos Aguas CO2‐rich cold mineral spring (La Palma, Canary Islands) that represent early precursory signals of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption at Cumbre Vieja volcano. Air‐corrected 3He/4He ratio has an average value of 9.80 RA in the last 30 years (1991–2021). Helium isotope ratios higher than the average value were observed during the period 2008–2013 suggesting an input of 3He‐rich less‐degassed magma beneath La Palma lithosphere. Magma ascended in 2017–2018 toward another reservoir located beneath Cumbre Vieja at 10–15 km depth, causing detectable seismic swarms located between 15 and 25 km, followed in 2020 by additional inputs of 3He‐rich less‐degassed magma that intruded at depth. Finally, in 2021 the buoyancy of magma and the pressure of the exsolved gases overcame the lithospheric resistance and a volcanic eruption took place between 19 September and 13 December 2021.
Oceanic Electrical Conductivity Variability From Observations and Its Budget From an Ocean State Estimate
Authors: Trossman D. S. , Tyler R. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBecause spatio‐temporal variations in ocean heat content (OHC) are strongly predicted by ocean conductivity content (OCC) over most of the global ocean, we analyze the dynamical budget and behavior of the electrical conductivity of seawater. To perform these analyses, we use an ocean‐model state estimate designed to accurately represent long‐term variations in ocean properties in a dynamically and kinematically consistent way. We show that this model accurately reproduces the spatio‐temporal variations in electrical conductivity seen in satellite‐derived data and in a seasonal climatology product derived from in‐situ data, justifying use of the model data to perform further analyses. An empirical orthogonal function analysis suggests that the vast majority of the variance in OHC and OCC can be explained by similar mechanisms. The electrical conductivity budget's most important term is the temperature forcing tendency term, suggesting that ocean heat uptake is the mechanism responsible for the strong relationship between OCC and OHC.
Rapid Volcanic Modification of the E‐Region Dynamo: ICON's First Glimpse of the Tonga Eruption
Authors: Gasque L. Claire , Wu Yen‐Jung , Harding Brian J. , Immel Thomas J. , Triplett Colin C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano eruption drove global atmospheric waves that propagated into space and impacted the ionosphere. Here we show immediate large‐scale electrodynamic effects of the eruption using observations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ionospheric Connection Explorer. We report extreme zonal and vertical ion drifts thousands of kilometers away from Tonga within an hour of the eruption, before the arrival of any atmospheric wave. The measured drifts were magnetically connected to the ionospheric E‐region just 400 km from Tonga, suggesting that the expanding wavefront created strong electric potentials which were transmitted along Earth's magnetic field. A simple theoretical model suggests that the observed drifts are consistent with an expanding wave with a large (>200 m/s) neutral wind amplitude. These observations are the first direct detection in space of the immediate electrodynamic effects of a volcanic eruption and will help constrain future models of impulsive lower atmospheric events.
Reactive Transport Modeling of Mineral Precipitation and Carbon Trapping in Discrete Fracture Networks
Authors: Steefel Carl I. , Hu Mengsu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study we use numerical experiments to analyze reactive flow and transport behavior in discrete intersecting fracture networks, focusing on (a) how reaction‐induced changes in physical and chemical properties affect flow connectivity and (b) how fracture networks developed in the Earth's critical zone contribute to carbon sequestration via mineral weathering reactions. In the first part of the study, we used two‐dimensional reactive flow and transport simulations to analyze the impacts of mixing in a natural discrete fracture network. We concluded that reaction‐induced changes can substantially alter the flow connectivity, especially at fracture intersections. The second set of simulations considered the problem of natural weathering of fractured mafic and ultramafic rocks in the partially saturated Earth's critical zone as a function of infiltration rates, fracture permeability, and partially saturated flow parameters. As a model system, we considered an incongruent reaction network with dissolution of forsterite and precipitation of magnesite. The behavior is complex in terms of the rate‐controlling processes because of the multicomponent nature of the system as shown by the grid Peclet number: the CO2 behavior is gas diffusion‐controlled in the partially saturated zone, while the rate of water flow via the Damkӧhler number controls Mg2+ transport through the fracture network. The amounts of carbon that can be trapped are modest, but the naturally fractured domain considered here provides a useful “base case” against which various engineered solutions can be compared.
A Meteorology and Snow Data Set From Adjacent Forested and Meadow Sites at Crested Butte, CO, USA
Authors: Bonner Hannah M. , Smyth Eric , Raleigh Mark S. , Small Eric E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present meteorology and snow observation data collected at sites in the southwestern Colorado Rocky Mountains (USA) over three consecutive water years with different amounts of snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation: A year with above average SWE (2019), a year with average SWE (2020), and a year with below average SWE (2021). This data set is distinguished by its emphasis on paired open‐forest sites in a continental snow climate. Approximately once a month during February–May, we collected data from 15 to 20 snow pits and took 8 to 19 snow depth transects. Our sampling sites were in open and adjacent forested areas at 3,100 m and in a lower elevation aspen (3,035 m) and higher elevation conifer stand (3,395 m). In total, we recorded 270 individual snow pit density and temperature profiles and over 4,000 snow depth measurements. These data are complimented by continuous meteorological measurements from two weather stations: One in the open and one in the adjacent forest. Meteorology data—including incoming shortwave and longwave radiation, outgoing shortwave radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, snow depth, and air and infrared surface temperature—were quality controlled and the forcing data were gap‐filled. These data are available to download from Bonner, Smyth, et al. (2022) at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6618553, at three levels of processing, including a level with downscaled, adjusted precipitation based on data assimilation using observed snow depth and a process‐based snow model. We demonstrate the utility of these data with a modeling experiment that explores open‐forest differences and identifies opportunities for improvements in model representation.