bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of up-to-fivefold reverberating waves through the Earth’s center: distinctly anisotropic innermost inner core
Authors: Phạm Thanh-Son , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProbing the Earth’s center is critical for understanding planetary formation and evolution. However, geophysical inferences have been challenging due to the lack of seismological probes sensitive to the Earth’s center. Here, by stacking waveforms recorded by a growing number of global seismic stations, we observe up-to-fivefold reverberating waves from selected earthquakes along the Earth's diameter. Differential travel times of these “exotic” arrival pairs, hitherto unreported in seismological literature, complement and improve currently available information. The inferred transversely isotropic inner-core model contains a ~ 650-km thick innermost ball with P-wave speeds ~ 4% slower at ~ 50° from the Earth’s rotation axis. In contrast, the inner core’s outer shell displays much weaker anisotropy with the slowest direction in the equatorial plane. Our findings strengthen the evidence for an anisotropically-distinctive innermost inner core and its transition to a weakly anisotropic outer shell, which could be a fossilized record of a significant global event from the past.
Algal blooms as a reactive dynamic response to seasonal perturbation in an experimental system
Authors: Fryxell John M. , Betini Gustavo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Algal blooms are typical of many aquatic freshwater ecosystems in seasonal environments. Such blooms could derive from transient reactive dynamics of algae and limiting nutrients following seasonal perturbation events. Linking parameter estimates derived from previously published lab experiments with empirical estimates of algal density-dependence, we modeled dynamic interactions between nutrients and the green algal species Chlorella vulgaris and tested model predictions in a dozen 140L mesocosms supplied with biweekly inputs of liquid fertilizer. Consistent with the reactive nutrient-driven model, Chlorella populations exhibited an initial surge in abundance over the first month followed by collapse as they rapidly converged on stable equilibria. The reactive model suggests that the magnitude of transient blooms is positively related to augmentation of nutrients and depression of algae over the winter period. The magnitude of both algal peaks and equilibrium abundance was positively related to fertilizer loading, as predicted by the reactive model. Our results suggest that transient reactive responses to climate-driven perturbation events can be an important contributor to seasonal algal blooms observed in many temperate freshwater ecosystems. Controlled experimental studies such as ours may be helpful in understanding and potentially mediating the impact of fertilizer runoff on freshwater systems in temperate agricultural landscapes.
Pathogenicity and infection behaviour of Exserohilum rostratum on wheat and associated collateral hosts.
Authors: Korra Tulasi , Navathe Sudhir , Chand Ramesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Exserohilum leaf spot is a newly arising fungal disease that mostly affects monocots. Thirty-two plant species of 14 families were evaluated for pathogenicity to Exserohilum rostratum as a potential pathogen. The isolate collected from diseased wheat leaves produced typical dark brown lesions upon inoculation to healthy wheat plants and produced similar symptoms. The artificial inoculation of detached leaf assay symptoms appeared on major cereals like Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, Echinochloa esculenta, Panicum miliaceum and Eleusine coracana. The symptoms were reddish-brown in most of the genera of Poaceae. Histopathological studies revealed that conidia produce the appressoria within 24 hrs and penetrate the host through stomata or epidermal cells after germination. Study reveals that collateral hosts serve as reservoirs for the infection, allowing it to persist in the absence of its primary host. These secondary hosts aid the pathogen in continuing the infection cycle and spreading the disease.
An Invitro Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Evaluation of preparations by an Air Turbine and Electric Handpieces
Authors: Ravindra Pavithra , Keshav Aditya , Rao H Murali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tooth preparation have for long, been the cornerstones of a well- established dental practice and are considered necessary requirements to be a successful dental practitioner. Being in the realms of general dentistry and taught at an undergraduate level in dental schools world over, these procedures have evolved with time from the use of hand instruments to motor driven instruments. Every advancement is a quantum leap from the previous technique in terms of ease of preparation, time consumed and the quality of the resultant preparation.
The electric motor driven handpiece is a recent advancement with a 1:5 advancement gear ratio which promises to deliver better results in a more comfortable manner in lesser time than its predecessor, the air turbine. Hence, this study aims to be a curtain raiser by comparing preparations using an air turbine vis-à-vis the electric motor using diamond abrasives by equating the surface smoothness using a profilometer and checking the prepared surface of the tooth under electron microscope for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Mining of resistance gene analogue specific SSR markers (RGA-eSSRs) in pomegranate and their validation
Authors: Kunnur Afsana D. , Gunnaiah Raghavendra , Singh Nripendra Vikram , Raghavendra S. , Mulla Sayeed Wajeed R , Hubballi Manjunath , Rajashekhara Eranna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pomegranate has been a highly nutritious and medicinally valued fruit for ages. Pomegranate cultivation is severely threatened by multiple biotic stresses, including bacterial blight and wilt, the major bottlenecks. Identifying candidate genes and markers linked to such genes is necessary to accelerate host resistance breeding. 132 resistance gene analogues (RGAs) specific simple sequence repeats (RGA-eSSRs) located on the coding regions of 103 RGAs were mined from 958 pomegranates RGAs. An average of 58.56 SSRs/Mb of RGA genes was observed with a relative density of 1170.84 bp of SSR motifs per Mb of RGA. Tri-nucleotide repeats were highly abundant in the RGA-eSSRs, followed by hexanucleotide repeats. The high density of RGAs was noticed on the RLK and CNL genes with an average of 3.34 and 3.0 SSRs per RGA, respectively. The abundance of RGA-eSSRs on each chromosome was correlated with the number of RGAs, with chromosome 08 bearing the highest RGA-eSSRs. Primers were designed for 121 of the 132 RGA-SSR and validated by both in silico and in vitro PCR. RGA-eSSRs exhibited high transferability with most markers amplified in four of the five genotypes tested under in silico PCR and 100% amplification in biological validation with eight genotypes. Pomegranate RGA-eSSRs also exhibited high polymorphism with an average polymorphic information content of 0.5. Discovered RGA-eSSRs are useful in the genetic mapping of biotic stress genes and diversity analysis.
Effect of induced plastic strain on the porosity of PA12 printed through selective laser sintering studied by X-ray computed micro-tomography
Authors: Morano Chiara , Crocco Maria Caterina , Formoso Vincenzo , Pagnotta Leonardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
3D printing is a widespread technology in different fields, such as medicine, construction, ergonomics, and the transportation industry. Its diffusion is related to the ability of this technique to produce complex parts without needing for assembly of different components or post-processing. However, the quality of the parts produced by additive manufacturing could be affected by the fabrication process, thus leading to the development of different kinds of defects such as porosity or inclusions. Understanding the role played by these defects and promoting strategies that could help reduce their occurrence represents a key point to allow using 3D printing for structural applications. In this work, 3D printed parts have been subjected to porosity characterization by using experimental tests on Dogbones samples subjected to plastic deformation. In particular, X-ray computed micro-tomography (μ-CT) has been employed as an investigation tool for the identification of fabrication defects and for analyzing the crack growth mechanism that occurs after subjecting samples to quasi-static loading conditions.
Room-Temperature Long-Range Ferromagnetic Order in a Confined Molecular Monolayer
Authors: Liu Yuhua , Lv Haifeng , Yuan Bingkai , Guo Yuqiao , Lin Yue , Tai Xiaolin , Qin Yongliang , Peng Jing , Zhao Jiyin , Su Yueqi , Liu Yang , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Xiaojun , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pursuing new ferromagnetic systems could bring about research breakthroughs for magnetism. Currently, studies of magnetic ordering are expanding from interatomic to intermolecular exchange interactions to produce ferromagnets in inorganic/organic crystals. To date, the crystalline framework used for stabilizing parallel spin alignment via an ordered lattice seems to be indispensable to ferromagnetism. In our case, we demonstrated room-temperature long-range ferromagnetic order in two-dimensional confined cobaltocene (Co(Cp)2) molecular monolayers. In a confined van der Waals (vdW) interlayer space, spontaneous uniform spin orientation of Co(Cp)2 can be settled. Ferromagnetic coupling is established by an intermolecular vibronic superexchange interaction, a new long-distance exchange interaction in a cooperative dynamic Jahn-Teller (J-T) Co(Cp)2 monolayer. As expected, the confined Co(Cp)2 monolayers exhibit a high ferromagnetic transition temperature (above room temperature) with a saturation magnetization up to 4 emu.g-1.
Sub-bandgap photo-response of metal-black silicon-metal photodiodes
Authors: Yang Yang , Ren Zhe-Yi , Li Chao , Zhao Ji-Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The molybdenum-doped black silicon materials were fabricated by using femtosecond laser pulses. The energy level of molybdenum in bandgap of silicon was determined by temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements. By introducing intermediate band in the bandgap of silicon, molybdenum-hyperdoped black silicon materials showed thermally stable absorption to photons with energy below the bandgap of silicon (0.5~1.1 eV). We studied current-voltage characteristics of metal-black silicon-metal photodiodes prepared using molybdenum doped black silicon. The lateral structural photodiodes showed an observable photo-response to the infrared photon. The room-temperature responsivity of 25.1 mA/W at 0.95 eV was obtained.
Representative Farming and Non-Farming Communities as a Dynamic Mirror of Unidimensional Poverty in Pakistan
Authors: Qadir Aneela , Arshad Muhammad , LI Guangming , Rafique Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This research examines rural and urban poverty in Pakistan on a national and provincial scale, examining its many facets. Using the HIES/PSLM data of Pakistan, which is recognized internationally, from 2013–14 to 2018–19, and two well-respected indexing approaches (FGTI for single-dimensional poverty and Alkire & Foster for multidimensional poverty), we can examine the evolution of poverty in Pakistan over the past five years. According to the findings of the time series analysis, poverty shows a mixed (rising and falling) pattern over a shorter time frame (1–2 years) and a declining trend over a longer time frame (national and provincial levels, farming, and non-farming communities) overall (at least 05 years). In Pakistan, empirical data shows that poverty has decreased by 45.1% (32.1%) among farming and non-farming communities over the past five years. The results reveal a downward trend across Pakistan's provinces, except for Baluchistan. Specific poverty declines by 46.29 percent (36.15 percent) in Punjab, 71.1 percent (75.0 percent) in KPK, and 37.0 eight percent (2.0 percent) in Sindh. Baluchistan's farming (non-farming) communities have been getting poorer, from 20.64 percent to 61.28 percent. Punjab and Sindh provinces are Sutor’s contributors to overall poverty, as seen by the decomposition of the population by the group for uni-dimensional poverty. Reduce poverty in both regions using a single-pronged approach by boosting economic growth and expanding employment options.
Development and validation of a type 2 diabetes machine learning classification model for clinical decision support framework
Authors: Glanz Victor , Dudenkov Vladimir , Velikorodny Alexey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes is very common and represents a significant challenge for all national healthcare systems. Although diagnostic criteria and laboratory screening procedures are well-established, clinical tests have limitations, and in many cases diagnosis confirmation and more precise interpretation of the tests results are required. Machine learning methods, when applied to clinical outcomes risk prediction, demonstrate great effectiveness as they recognize specific patterns in data dynamics and thus can be used for identification of at-risk cases where diabetes and complications can be delayed or even prevented. We developed and validated a machine learning classification model for type 2 diabetes that possesses several important advantages over conventional methods (FINDRISC, ADA risk score), including mean values of 0.959, 0.92 and 0.89 for AUC, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. The study results potentially have major clinical implication, as the model is able to exchange data with electronic health records. Thus, it can be employed in clinical decision support framework together with other diabetes, cardiovascular disease models and models for related conditions.
Impact of two irrigation scheduling techniques on water use efficiency and yield of potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in sandy soils
Authors: Fatouh I. I. , Helmy A. M. , Fouda S. E. , Khalil M. M. , Shaddad S. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to water scarcity in arid and semi-arid region there is a need to save each drop of water especially water used for irrigation. This can be achieve using the irrigation scheduling technique that allow to precisely calculate the crop water requirements and adding them when needed. The experiment was carried out to compare the ETc values (FAO method) and Crop-R method basically based on climatic data with the exception that Crop-R uses soil moisture probe for providing real data information. The two methods were applied under field condition irrigated by center pivot system of Potatoes crop (Solanum tuberosumsp.) grown on a new reclaimed soils in Wadi El-Natroun, Egypt. To study the water use efficiency (WUE) and yield productivity of potato during growing seasons 2019/2020 Comparing the two irrigation methods results showed that Crop-R method surpassed ETc values method in terms of water use efficiency (WUE), maximum plant height, yield and number of irrigation events. Values of WUE, maximum plant height, yield and numbers of irrigation events for ETc were 8.31 kg m-3, 60 cm, 31.60 Mg ha-1 and 56, respectively. Whereas, for Crop-R the values were 10.30 kg m-3, 60 cm, 32.66 Mg ha-1 and 53, respectively. The results of this study encourage the use of Crop-R method since it allows save water, maximizing the yield and reducing energy due to minimizing the number of irrigation events, to achieve profitability and ultimately sustainability.
Increased working memory load does not modulate the attentional blink
Authors: Skiba Helena , Keil Julian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The human capacity to process and encode stimuli in working memory is limited, and one way to test this capacity is the attentional blink. In this paradigm, participants are usually able to correctly identify a first target but fail to correctly identify a second target presented shortly after. In the current experiment, we combined the attentional blink paradigm with a visual working memory manipulation to examine the modulation of the target identification by reduced cognitive capacity. Bottleneck theories predict an increased attentional blink with limited resources. In contrast, the overinvestment hypothesis predicts an inverted-u shaped relationship between attentional resources and the attentional blink. In support of the former explanation, we found an increase in the attentional blink with increasing working memory load. However, we did not find an interaction between the target lag and the working memory load, which indicates that the working memory load did not modulate the attentional blink but affected the perceptual encoding of the second target.
In times of need. Cross-country investigating of the determinants of aid allocation for Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion
Authors: Trepanowski Radosław , Drążkowski Dariusz , Burdun Patryk , Bojarski Dawid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In August 2022, the Russian Federation’s invasion on Ukraine had already been happening for almost six months. During this time, many world governments aided Ukraine. In this paper, we examine geographical, economic, sociocultural, political, and defensive determinants of bilateral aid allocated to Ukraine on cross-national data from 87 countries. Our model explains 59% of total bilateral aid variance and shows that NATO and EU affiliation and high exports to Ukraine were related to higher aid volume. Our analysis contributes to a better understanding of aid allocation to Ukraine during the Russian invasion and suggests that countries might provide aid to enhance military safety of the Euro-Atlantic area, implement EU policies, and protect their own economic interests in Ukraine. Thus, the aid provided to Ukraine seems to serve donors’ foreign policy strategy drived at security, political, and trade interests.
Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Ditlevsen Peter , Ditlevsen Susanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tipping to an undesired state in the climate, viewed as a complex system, when a control parameter slowly approaches a critical value (λ(t) → λc) is a growing concern with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Predictions can rely on detecting early warning signals (EWS) in observations of the system. The primary EWS are increase in variance, due to loss of resilience, and increased autocorrelation or critical slow down. These measures are statistical in nature, which implies that the reliability and statistical significance of the detection depends on the sample size in observations and the magnitude of the change away from the base value prior to the approach to the tipping point. Thus, the possibility of providing useful early warning depends on the relative magnitude of several interdependent time scales in the system. These are (a) the time before the critical value λc is reached, (b) the (inverse) rate of approach to the bifurcation point, (c) the size of the time window required to detect a significant change in the EWS and finally, (d) the escape time for noise-induced transition (prior to the bifurcation). Conditions for early warning of tipping of the AMOC are marginally fulfilled for the existing past ~150 years of proxy observations where indicators of tipping have recently been reported. Here we provide statistical significance and estimate a collapse of the AMOC to occur around year 2050.
Evaluation of food homogenates on cell survival: pilot study for the in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV
Authors: Semaan Dima , O'Connor Liam , Scobie Linda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in food recommended that a cell culture-based method should be developed. Due to the observations that viral loads in food may be low, it is important to maximise the potential for detection of HEV in a food source in order to fully assess infectivity. To do so, would require minimal processing of any target material. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method that is simple, robust and reproducible, there are a number of points to address; one being to assess if food homogenates are cytotoxic to HEV susceptible target cells. Food matrices previously shown to have detectable HEV nucleic acid were selected for analysis and assessed for their effect on the percentage survival of three cell lines commonly used for infectivity assays. Target cells used were A549, PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2 cells. The results showed that, as expected, various food homogenates have differing effects on cells in vitro. In this study, the most robust cell line over a time period was the A549 cell line in comparison to HepG2, with PLC/PRF/5 cells being the most sensitive. Overall, this data would suggest that FH can be left in contact with A549 cells for a period of up to 72 hours to maximise the potential for testing infection. Using food homogenates directly would negate any concerns over losing virus as a result of any additional processing steps.
The effectiveness of Flubendazole in Capillaria spp. infections in female European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in a hedgehog rescue centre in the Netherlands
Authors: Sandt C.M.G. van der , Elderen M. van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The European hedgehog is host to many parasites. Common endoparasites are Capillaria spp. (Lung threadworm, Intestinal threadworm spp.). Eggs and worm larvae are present in the faeces of infected hedgehogs. Common applied anthelmintic drugs are Fenbendazole and Levamisole. The latter might cause abortions in female hedgehogs. For this reason, some hedgehog centres in the Netherlands prefer Flubenol (Flubendazole 5%) in female hedgehogs. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Flubenol in Capillaria spp. infections in female hedgehogs. The faeces of 10 infected female hedgehogs before and after treatment with Flubenol has been examined. In the faeces samples of 7 out of 8 hedgehogs after treatment, no Capillaria eggs were found. One worm egg was found in the faeces sample of one hedgehog. No worm larvae were found in the faeces samples of 6 out of 7 hedgehogs after Flubenol treatment. Eight worm larvae were found in the faeces sample of one hedgehog after treatment. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test indicated for both the Capillaria spp. eggs and the larvae a significant difference at p < 0.05 before and after the Flubenol treatment.
Hybrid deep neural network models for boosting Human Activity Recognition using IoT wearables
Authors: S SOWMIYA , D MENAKA 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human Activity Recognition is a key element for many immense applications in human life. With the advances in sensor technologies and utilizing the IoT, HAR has a wide area of research with the help of deep learning algorithms. The advanced deep learning paradigm provides end-to-end learning models from unstructured, complex data. IoT wearables and smartphones are now widely used embedded with mobile apps for telemedicine, e-health monitoring, sports monitoring, AAL, biometrics, smart homes etc. This paper presents hybrid neural networks model implemented with Bidirectional GRU, Bidirectional LSTM and CNN. The algorithm was tested using three activity recognition datasets WISDM ,USCHAD and MHEALTH. The hybrid model provides improved accuracy over the other activity recognition techniques.