bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergens elicit upregulated IL‐18 and IL‐18Rα expression in blood monocytes of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wang Junling , Gu Fangqiu , Li Zhi , Zhan Mengmeng , Wang Ling , Zhang Huiyun , Chen Dong , Xie Hua , Chai Ruonan , Zhao Nan , Yang Ruiming , He Shaoheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐18 is a potentially important molecule in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, expressions of IL‐18, IL‐18 binding protein isoform a (IL‐18BPa) and IL‐18 receptor alpha (IL‐18Rα) in AR blood monocytes remain obscure. We, therefore, investigated IL‐18, IL‐18BPa and IL‐18Rα expressions in monocytes using flow cytometry, murine AR model and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that the numbers of IL‐18+ monocytes increased, whereas IL‐18BPa+ monocytes decreased in the peripheral blood of AR patients. It was also observed that Platanus pollen extract provoked elevated expressions of IL‐18 and IL‐18Rα in the monocytes of AR patients. House dust mite extract, Artemisia sieversiana wild extract and Platanus pollen extract enhanced IL‐18Rα protein and mRNA expression in the isolated primary monocytes from AR patients. Using ELISA kits, we observed that the levels of total IL‐18 and free IL‐18 in the plasma of perennial AR (pAR) and seasonal AR (sAR) patients were elevated, and the molar concentration ratio of free IL‐18BPa/free IL‐18 was 16.5 for healthy control subjects and 9.7 for patients with sAR, indicating that IL‐18 likely plays a role in sAR. In the murine AR model, the number of IL‐18Rα+ monocytes increased in the blood, and the number of IL‐18Rα+ macrophages increased in the nasal lavage fluid of WT mice. In conclusion, IL‐18 may serve as a causative factor for AR.
PlantRNA 2.0: an updated database dedicated to tRNAs of photosynthetic eukaryotes
Authors: Cognat Valérie , Pawlak Gael , Pflieger David , Drouard Laurence 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYPlantRNA (http://plantrna.ibmp.cnrs.fr/) is a comprehensive database of transfer RNA (tRNA) gene sequences retrieved from fully annotated nuclear, plastidial and mitochondrial genomes of photosynthetic organisms. In the first release (PlantRNA 1.0), tRNA genes from 11 organisms were annotated. In this second version, the annotation was implemented to 51 photosynthetic species covering the whole phylogenetic tree of photosynthetic organisms, from the most basal group of Archeplastida, the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa, to various land plants. tRNA genes from lower photosynthetic organisms such as streptophyte algae or lycophytes as well as extremophile photosynthetic species such as Eutrema parvulum were incorporated in the database. As a whole, about 37 000 tRNA genes were accurately annotated. In the frame of the tRNA genes annotation from the genome of the Rhodophyte Chondrus crispus, non‐canonical splicing sites in the D‐ or T‐regions of tRNA molecules were identified and experimentally validated. As for PlantRNA 1.0, comprehensive biological information including 5′‐ and 3′‐flanking sequences, A and B box sequences, region of transcription initiation and poly(T) transcription termination stretches, tRNA intron sequences and tRNA mitochondrial import are included.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND USE OF STRAINS OF BACTERIA OF THE GENUS BACILLUS IN A MICROBIOLOGICAL TEST FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK
Authors: Aktayeva S. , Kiribayeva A. , Makasheva D. , Astrakhanov M. , Tursunbekova A. , Baltin K. , Khassenov B. 
Published: October 2022

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of livestock has increased the productivity of the meat and dairy industry. The flip side of the effectiveness of drugs of this group is the presence of side effects, which have caused concern about the widespread use of antibiotics and cause the need to control the residual content of antibacterial agents in dairy products. From soil samples collected in 7 regions of Kazakhstan, 14 microbial isolates were isolated and identified as B. licheniformis, B. sonorensis, B. cereus, B. simplex, B. thuringiensis, B. pumilis, B. mojavensis, B. subtilis, B. atrophaeus, B. paralicheniformis. Sensitivity testing of the isolated strains showed that the strains were susceptible to 13 antibiotics belonging to lincosamide, ansamycin, quinolone, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, nitrobenzene, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide and beta-lactam antibiotics. The proteolytic strain Bacillus licheniformis T7 seems promising as a test culture. It is highly sensitive to antibiotics, grows rapidly on a variety of nutrient media, is alkaline and spore-forming and can be cultured at 37-55°C. The peculiarity of the strain to change the pH of the medium from 5.0 to 7.0 and above makes it possible to use bromcresol purple as a growth-detecting dye. This has been shown in experiments using antibiotic milk samples on LB agar and LB broth pH 5.0. In the absence of growth-inhibiting antibiotics, the culture of B. licheniformis T7 grows vigorously, which causes a pH shift to 7.99 and causes the color of bromocresol purple to change from yellow to purple. The results showed promise for the strain Bacillus licheniformis T7 to be used as a bacterial culture in the development of a microbiological test for the detection of antibiotics in milk.
A Simulation Study on the Effect of Layer Thickness Variation in Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Ramesh Sagar Vaishak , Lorin Samuel , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) has gained prominence in the manufacturing industry for its ability to produce lightweight components. As the raw material used is in powder form, the stochastic nature of the powder distribution influences the powder layer thickness and affects the final build quality. In this paper, a multi-layer multi-track simulation study is conducted to investigate the effect of stochastic powder distribution on the layer thickness and plastic strain in a printed geometry. A faster simulation approach is employed to simulate multiple layers. First, the powder distribution and the melt layer thickness of the first layer are obtained from discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations respectively. Next, the melt layer thickness of the first layer is used as an input to the finite element (FE) based structural mechanics solver to predict the deformation and layer thickness of subsequent layers. Two nominal layer thicknesses 67.4 μm and 20 μm were considered. Two particle size distribution (PSD) configurations and two scanning strategies were tested. The results showed that variation in PSD and scanning strategy leads to variation in layer thickness which in turn leads to variation in the plastic strain that is known to drive the deformation. However, the nominal layer thickness of 20 μm was found to be less influenced by the PSD configuration. The proposed simulation approach and the insights achieved can be used as inputs in the part-scale simulations for geometric robustness evaluation in the early design stages of SLM products.
Investigation of Surge in a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor With Vaned Diffuser: Part II—Correlation With Subcomponent Characteristics
Authors: Lou Fangyuan , Harrison Herbert M. , Brown William J. , Key Nicole L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the first part of the paper, surge signatures and the underlying mechanisms thereof for a high-speed centrifugal compressor were investigated using signals from fast-response transducers installed along the flow path. The compressor surge signature is observed to vary as the impeller inlet tip flow transitions from subsonic to supersonic conditions. Spike-type deep surge is observed at subsonic and supersonic impeller inlet tip conditions while modal-type mild surge occurs at 90% speed with transonic inlet tip conditions. In Part II of the paper, a detailed analysis of the static pressure rise characteristics at the stage, component, and subcomponent levels is conducted. Additionally, the influence of the impeller inlet conditions on the instability is also considered. A connection between the surge mechanism and component static pressure rise characteristics is shown which exhibits the potential for prediction of the stall inception mechanism including identification of the destabilizing component. Furthermore, the transition from subsonic to transonic impeller inlet conditions is shown to be the cause of the unique mild surge instability at 90% speed. Lastly, both experimental and computational results are utilized to investigate the development of a shock wave at the impeller leading edge. The shock is considered to be critical to stage stability at speeds where the compressor experiences transonic inlet conditions.
Experimental Investigation of Flame-Film Cooling Interactions With an Academic Test Rig and Optical Laser Diagnostics
Authors: Petit Sylvain , Quevreux Benjamin , Morin Romain , Guillot Romain , Grisch Frédéric , Xavier Pradip 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of lighter low-carbon technologies in the aviation sector raises a technological challenge regarding material durability and wall thermal management. This study aims to introduce a new optically accessible test rig to investigate the interaction between a premixed CH4/air turbulent flame and a parietal cooling air film for various blowing ratios. Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) is implemented to measure the cooling air and the mainstream inflow conditions. The impact of the blowing ratio on the mean flame topology is conducted with OH* chemiluminescence. Results show that the flame-wall distance increases with the blowing ratio and eventually reach a plateau, while the flame length constantly decreases. OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and phosphor thermometry (PT) are performed to assess the near-wall flame structure and the cooling effectiveness. The flame seems to be aerodynamically controlled while the cooled-air momentum has a beneficial impact on the wall temperature.
The Interaction of Main Stream Flow and Cavity Flows in Turbine Center Frames and Turbine Vane Frames
Authors: Merli Filippo , Hafizovic Asim , Krajnc Nicolas , Schien Malte , Peters Andreas , Heitmeir Franz , Göttlich Emil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the interaction between the last high-pressure turbine (HPT) stage purge flows and the intermediate turbine duct (ITD) in modern turbofan engines. Two state-of-the-art ITD concepts are analyzed in this work: the turbine center frame (TCF), which is supported by symmetric aerodynamic strut fairings and generally adopted in conventional dual-spool engines; the turbine vane frame (TVF), which features turning struts and splitters and is typical of geared turbofan engines. The measurement campaigns for both setups are carried out in the transonic test turbine facility (TTTF) at Graz University of Technology. The test vehicles consist of an HPT stage, the ITD (TCF or TVF), and the first low-pressure turbine (LPT) vane or blade row. The same HPT stage is used for both ducts, to enable consistent, engine-representative inlet conditions between the two solutions. All the HPT stator–rotor cavities are supplied with purge flows by a secondary air system, with independent mass flow and temperature control for each purge line. Five-hole probe data are acquired at the inlet and outlet sections of the ITDs, to characterize the aerodynamic flow field entering and leaving the duct. In addition to the pneumatic probe tests, seed gas concentration measurements are performed in the same planes, to track down the cavity air in the mainstream and investigate its postegress behavior. Finally, detailed post-test computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are presented to get additional insight into the flow phenomena developing through the strut passage.
The Effects of High Centrifugal Acceleration on Bluff-Body Stabilized Premixed Flames
Authors: Erdmann Timothy J. , Gutmark Ephraim J. , Caswell Andrew W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An experimental study is conducted on bluff-body stabilized premixed flames in a curved, square cross section duct. High flow velocities coupled with a small radius of curvature of the duct induce high centrifugal acceleration normal to the flame sheet. A cylindrical flame holder spans the width of the square cross section and is positioned at the channel midheight. Flame shear layers are stabilized on the radially inward (upper) and outward (lower) edges of the flame holder. Side-view high-speed Schlieren images and high-speed pressure measurements are captured. Static stability, overall pressure loss, and statistics and velocimetry results from the Schlieren images are reported, and results are compared to a straight configuration with no centrifugal acceleration. Two bluff-body diameters are studied to show the effect of flame holder diameter on static stability. For the curved configuration, blowout velocities are higher for the smaller bluff-body diameter, likely due to flow acceleration effects. Blowout velocities are lower for the curved configuration compared to the straight configuration which may be due to the destabilizing Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) effect on the upper flame layer. Overall pressure loss is slightly higher for the curved configuration than the straight configuration. High-speed Schlieren results show centrifugal acceleration causes significant structural and velocimetric asymmetry in the bluff-body wake. In the curved configuration, the upper flame layer displays destabilizing RT instabilities, and the lower flame layer displays stabilizing RT effects. The upper flame shows vigorous RT instabilities which broaden the flame brush and sustain a flame leading edge independent of inlet Reynolds number or velocity. Conversely, the lower flame exhibits suppression of Kelvin–Helmholtz and flame-generated instabilities in the wake, which confines the flame brush and significantly reduces transverse flame velocities. The lower flame edge profile moves toward the channel centerline with increasing inlet Reynolds number. The upper flame in the curved configuration shows higher flame edge velocities than the straight configuration while the lower flame shows velocities closer to zero. The empirical constant to the power law relation for upper flame edge velocities agrees with RT-dominated flame growth theory for this experimental scale and agrees with other RT-dominated flame studies.
Free Vibration Analysis of Elastically Restrained Laminated Planar Frames
Authors: Bachoo Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A wave-based model that incorporates the effects of shear deformation, rotary inertia and elastic coupling due to structural anisotropy, is developed to analyze the free vibrations of elastically restrained laminated planar frames. In this work, a generalized frame structure is represented as an assemblage of laminated beam segments that act as one-dimensional waveguides. The segments are assumed to undergo only in-plane motion, which upon applying Hamilton's principle, is described by a system of coupled differential equations. Dispersion analysis is conducted, and the nature of the wavefields associated with the propagation matrix is discussed. Generally restrained boundaries and internal joints are considered, and the associated reflection and transmission matrices are derived. Using the principle of wave-train closure, the characteristic equation is obtained by systematically assembling the propagation, reflection, and transmission matrices. The wave-based model is inherently deterministic, and solving the characteristic equation offers the advantage of determining the exact natural frequencies using conventional root finding algorithms. Application of the proposed model is demonstrated by analyzing an elastically restrained inclined laminated portal frame. Extensive computational analysis is conducted to illustrate the influence of stacking sequence, frame angle, relative frame length, orthotropicity ratios, and spring stiffness on the exact natural frequencies (and in certain cases the mode shapes) of the frame. Independent finite element simulations conducted in ansys® APDL are consistently used to verify the validity of the analytical results.
Behavior of Gas Entrainment Inside Viscous Pool Due to Combined Influence of Symmetric Rotational Field and Freestream Flow of Air
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Rana Basanta Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present investigation elucidates the interfacial characterization caused by the simultaneous effect of a symmetric converging rotational field and continuous air stream flow above the free surface. The converging rotational field is developed by a couple of counter and equal rotating rollers fully immersed inside the viscous liquid medium and their centers are aligned along a horizontal line. Such phenomenon is abundantly encountered in various engineering devices, where the interactions and transfer of mass, momentum, and energy are quite important through gas–liquid interfaces. Behavior of entrainment profile is observed due to the influence of various relevant pertinent parameters, namely, rotational of speed (measured by Ca), submersion depth (b*), the gap between the rollers (2a*), and strength of air stream flow (measured by Reflow). An upper rounded structured interfacial configuration is obtained for all cases of Ca when the rollers are located very close to each other. The length of the entrainment of cusp decreases with the rise of Reflow for the same value of Ca. The value of Cac increases continuously with the increase of Reflow for a particular of 2a* and b*. Bubble ejection from filament tip and subsequent accumulation increases significantly with the rise of Ca for a particular case of Reflow. The cusp tip progressively traverses in upward direction with the continuous increase of gravitational pull for a particular value of Ca and Reflow. Entrainment length progressively grows with the continuous rise of viscous drag for a particular value of Ca and Reflow. Finally, an analytical formulation is proposed to analyze the structure of entrainment and this model reports an excellent match with the numerical findings.
Aerodynamic Damping Predictions During Compressor Surge: A Numerical Comparison Between a Half and Full Transient Approach
Authors: Reiber Christoph , Chenaux Virginie Anne , Belz Joachim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The prediction of the aerodynamic damping during compressor surge is a challenging task, because the flow is continuously evolving along the four surge cycle phases: pressurization (PR), flow-breakdown (FB), reversed flow (RF), and regeneration (RG), and complex flow conditions such as shocks and separations occur. Damping predictions with current existing methods typically consist of two steps. In the first step, a modified numerical model is used to simulate transient surge cycles. In the second step, damping analyses are performed for multiple timesteps along the surge cycle phases, which are then assumed as quasi-steady. The damping simulation can be performed using nonlinear or linear approaches. If shocks or separations occur, the latter yields inaccuracies in the flow and thus in the damping predictions. A new approach was developed to take into account and improve these inaccuracies. This new method includes the damping prediction within the transient surge simulation. Thus, all surge cycle phases and the continuously evolving flow conditions are considered, and nonlinear simulations are performed to account for shocks and separations. The results of this new method are presented and compared to the former method.
Anatomical Characteristics Contributing to Patellar Dislocations Following MPFL Reconstruction: A Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Watts Jeffrey C. , Farrow Lutul D. , Elias John J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pathologic anatomy is a primary factor contributing to redislocation of the patella following reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). A pivot landing was simulated following MPFL reconstruction, with the hypothesis that position of the tibial tuberosity, depth of the trochlear groove, and height of the patella are correlated with lateral patellar maltracking. Thirteen dynamic simulation models represented subjects being treated for recurrent patellar instability. Simplified Hertzian contact governed patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joint reaction forces. Pivot landing was represented with and without an MPFL graft in place. Measurements related to patellar height (Caton-Deschamps index), trochlear groove depth (lateral trochlear inclination), and position of the tibial tuberosity (lateral tibial tuberosity to posterior cruciate attachment distance, or lateral TT-PCL distance) were measured from the models and correlated with patellar lateral shift with the knee extended (5 deg of flexion) and flexed (40 deg). The patella dislocated for all models without an MPFL graft and for two models with a graft represented. With an MPFL graft represented, patellar lateral shift was correlated with Caton-Deschamps index (r2 &gt; 0.35, p &lt; 0.03) and lateral trochlear inclination (r2 ≥ 0.45, p &lt; 0.02) at both 5 deg and 40 deg of flexion. For a simulated pivot landing with an MPFL graft in place, lateral patellar tracking was associated with a high patella (alta) and shallow trochlear groove. The study emphasizes the importance of simulating activities that place the patella at risk of dislocation when evaluating patellar stability.