bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer as a dedifferentiated organ: androgen receptor, cancer stem cells, and cancer stemness
Authors: Liu Xiaozhuo , Li Wen (Jess) , Puzanov Igor , Goodrich David W. , Chatta Gurkamal , Tang Dean G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cancer progression is characterized and driven by gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype and gain of stem cell-like features. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for cancer growth, progression, and emergence of therapy resistance. Targeting the AR signaling axis has been, over the decades, the mainstay of PCa therapy. However, AR signaling at the transcription level is reduced in high-grade cancer relative to low-grade PCa and loss of AR expression promotes a stem cell-like phenotype, suggesting that emergence of resistance to AR-targeted therapy may be associated with loss of AR signaling and gain of stemness. In the present mini-review, we first discuss PCa from the perspective of an abnormal organ with increasingly deregulated differentiation, and discuss the role of AR signaling during PCa progression. We then focus on the relationship between prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) and AR signaling. We further elaborate on the current methods of using transcriptome-based stemness-enriched signature to evaluate the degree of oncogenic dedifferentiation (cancer stemness) in pan-cancer datasets, and present the clinical significance of scoring transcriptome-based stemness across the spectrum of PCa development. Our discussions highlight the importance to evaluate the dynamic changes in both stem cell-like features (stemness score) and AR signaling activity across the PCa spectrum.
Simultaneous J-, H-, K- and L-band spectroscopic observations of galactic Be stars
Authors: Cochetti Y. R. , Arias M. L. , Cidale L. S. , Granada A. , Torres A. F. 
Published: July 2022

Context. It is already accepted that Be stars are surrounded by circumstellar envelopes, which are mostly compatible with a disc geometry in Keplerian rotation. Their infrared region is characterised by a moderate flux excess and the presence of hydrogen recombination lines that allow us to obtain information on the physical and dynamical structure of different regions inside the disc. Nevertheless, many of the infrared studies available in the literature show low-resolution spectra, or are restricted to a small object sample or describe just an individual object. Some others analyse reduced spectral ranges or just one infrared band.
Aims. We aim to obtain a more complete characterisation of the properties of the circumstellar environment of Be stars that helps to constrain the theoretical models of the Be phenomenon.
Methods. Throughout the last decade, we used the spectroscopic facilities at the Gemini and Las Campanas observatories to obtain quasi-simultaneous spectra in the J, H, K, and L bands of a sample of Be stars with medium resolution.
Results. We present near-infrared, medium-resolution spectra of a sample of galactic Be stars with different spectral subtypes and luminosity classes. We measure different parameters of the hydrogen recombination lines from the Paschen, Brackett, Pfund, and Humphreys series, and use them to diagnose physical conditions in the circumstellar environment. We analysed the equivalent-width (EW) ratio between Brα and Brγ lines and different diagrams of flux ratios. We also identify lines from He i, C i, N i, O i, Na i, Mg i, Mg ii, Si i, Fe i, and Fe ii. Analysing the EW measurements of particular He i, Mg ii, Fe i, Fe ii and O i lines, we find that for some lines they correlate with the spectral type of the star. Particularly, the emission of the O i λ 1.3168 μm line decreases towards the later spectral types.
Conclusions. We present an atlas of 22 Be stars, that covers a wide infrared (IR) spectral range with quasi-simultaneous observations. From a detailed analysis, we define new complementary criteria to Mennickent’s classification of Be stars according to their disc opacity. Some objects in our sample present compact thick envelopes, while in others the envelope is extended and optically thin. The correlation between the full widths at half maximum and the peak separation (ΔV) versus V sin i for the Br10, Brδ, and Hu14 lines reveals that the broadening mechanism is rotational. The Lyβ fluorescence is a key mechanism to explain the intensity of the emission of Mg ii and O i lines.
The IACOB project
Authors: Holgado G. , Simón-Díaz S. , Herrero A. , Barbá R. H. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Stellar rotation is of key importance in the formation process, the evolution, and the final fate of massive stars.
Aims. We perform a reassessment of the empirical rotational properties of Galactic massive O-type stars using the results from a detailed analysis of ground-based multi-epoch optical spectra obtained in the framework of the IACOB & OWN surveys.
Methods. Using high-quality optical spectroscopy, we established the velocity distribution for a sample of 285 apparently single and single-line spectroscopic binary (SB1) Galactic O-type stars. We also made use of the rest of the parameters from the quantitative spectroscopic analysis presented in prior IACOB papers (mainly Teff, log g, and multiplicity) to study the v sin i behavior and evolution from the comparison of subsamples in different regions of the spectroscopic Hertzsprung–Rusell diagram (sHRD). Our results are compared to the main predictions – regarding current and initial rotational velocities – of two sets of well-established evolutionary models for single stars, as well as from population synthesis simulations of massive stars that include binary interaction.
Results. We reassess the known bimodal nature of the v sin i distribution, and find a non-negligible difference between the v sin i distribution of single and SB1 stars. We provide empirical evidence supporting the proposed scenario that the tail of fast rotators is mainly produced by binary interactions. Stars with extreme rotation (>300 km s−1) appear as single stars that are located in the lower zone of the sHRD. We notice little rotational braking during the main sequence, a braking effect independent of mass (and wind strength). The rotation rates of the youngest observed stars lean to an empirical initial velocity distribution with ⪅20% of critical velocity. Lastly, a limit in v sin i detection below 40–50 km s−1 seems to persist, especially in the upper part of the sHRD, possibly associated with the effect of microturbulence in the measurement methodology used.
Hot magnetic halo of NGC 628 (M 74)
Authors: Weżgowiec M. , Beck R. , Hanasz M. , Soida M. , Ehle M. , Dettmar R.-J. , Urbanik M. 
Published: July 2022

Context. In several spiral galaxies that are observed face-on, large-scale ordered magnetic fields (the so-called magnetic arms) were found. One of the explanations was the action of the magnetic reconnection, which leads to a higher ordering of the magnetic fields. Because it simultaneously converts the energy of the magnetic fields into thermal energy of the surroundings, magnetic reconnection has been considered as a heating mechanism of the interstellar medium for many years. Until recently, no clear observational evidence for this phenomenon was found.
Aims. We search for possible signatures of gas heating by magnetic reconnection effects in the radio and X-ray data for the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 628 (M 74), which presents pronounced magnetic arms and evidence for vertical magnetic fields.
Methods. The strengths and energy densities of the magnetic field in the spiral and magnetic arms were derived, as were the temperatures and thermal energy densities of the hot gas, for the disk and halo emission.
Results. In the regions of magnetic arms, higher order and lower energy density of the magnetic field is found than in the stellar spiral arms. The global temperature of the hot gas is roughly constant throughout the disk.
Conclusions. The comparison of the findings with those obtained for the starburst galaxy M 83 suggests that magnetic reconnection heating may be present in the halo of NGC 628. The joint analysis of the properties of the magnetic fields and the hot gas in NGC 628 also provided clues for possible tidal interaction with the companion galaxy.
Moderne Antikoagulation mit FXa-Inhibitoren in der Onkologie: Ist die gastrointestinale Blutungsrate (mit)-entscheidend?
Authors: Raithel Martin , Haibach Martina , Kremenevski Igor , Arnold Erich , Ringwald Jürgen 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDas erhöhte Thrombose- und Blutungsrisiko bei aktiver Tumorerkrankung wird als sog. „thrombo-hämorrhagisches Syndrom“ bezeichnet, welches hohe Anforderungen an die Antikoagulation stellt. Aktuell liegen 4 randomisierte, prospektive Studien zum Einsatz von neuen, nicht Vitamin K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulantien (NOAK) zur Behandlung von in der Onkologie aufgetretenen venösen Thromboembolien (VTE) vor. Dabei wurden die FXa-Inhibitoren Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban und zweimal Apixaban jeweils in einzelnen Studien gegenüber dem Standardtherapeutikum Dalteparin eingesetzt. Da es keinen direkten Head-to-Head-Vergleich der genannten FXa-Inhibitoren innerhalb einer Studie gibt, wurde zu jedem NOAK die jeweils größte Studie – stets verglichen gegenüber Dalteparin – ausgewertet. Die Studien wurden bzgl. ihrer Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit, fataler Blutungsraten, dem Risiko für gastrointestinale Blutungen (GIB) und sonstiger Unterschiede anhand deskriptiver Statistik analysiert. Unter Dalteparin ergab sich eine mittlere VTE-Rezidivrate von ca. 9% bei einem 6-monatigen Behandlungszeitraum. Alle 3 FXa-Inhibitoren waren gegenüber Dalteparin bezüglich der Wirksamkeit nicht unterlegen. Die VTE-Rezidivrate war bei mit Edoxaban und Apixaban behandelten Patienten um – 2,3% und bei Rivaroxaban um – 5,0% niedriger.Bei der Sicherheit fanden sich – jeweils gegenüber Dalteparin – für Rivaroxaban und Edoxaban eine erhöhte Rate an schweren Blutungen (jeweils +2,4%); insbesondere war hierbei die Zahl GIB deutlich erhöht. Dagegen war für Apixaban die Zahl schwerer Blutungen, wie auch für verschiedene Blutungstypen inkl. GIB, nicht erhöht. In der Apixabanstudie war insgesamt die Rate von schweren GIB, die ca. 50% aller schweren Blutungen ausmachten, und die der klinisch-relevanten nicht schweren Blutungen, am niedrigsten. Die FXa-Inhibitoren sind der Standardtherapie mit Dalteparin in der VTE-Rezidivrate bei onkologischen Patienten nicht unterlegen. Die GIB-Rate scheint ein wichtiger prädiktiver Faktor für die Sicherheit dieser Substanzgruppe zu sein, sodass Tumorlokalisation, gastrointestinale Risikofaktoren und andere individuelle Kriterien in Zukunft stärker bei der Therapieentscheidung für oder gegen einen FXa-Inhibitor berücksichtigt werden sollten.
A Influência dos nódulos de Schmorl no equilíbrio sagital de adultos jovens
Authors: Silva Joana Gomes da , Baptista Mário , Direito-Santos Bruno , Varanda Pedro , Duarte Rui M. 
Published: July 2022

Resumo
Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o equilíbrio sagital (SB, na sigla em inglês) espinhal em adultos jovens com nódulos de Schmorl (NS).
Métodos Este é um estudo transversal de uma amostra composta por 47 adultos jovens. Ressonância magnética (RM) lombar foi usada para separar os pacientes em um grupo com NS e um grupo controle. Radiografias da coluna vertebral em pé foram usadas para comparar os parâmetros espinopélvicos do SB entre os grupos: eixo vertical sagital, cifose torácica, lordose lombar (LL), incidência pélvica (PI, na sigla em inglês), inclinação pélvica (PT, na sigla em inglês) e inclinação sacral (SS, na sigla em inglês).
Resultados Os valores de LL e SS foram significativamente menores nos pacientes com NS em comparação com o grupo controle (54,5° versus 64,3°; 36,2° versus 41,4°, respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos demais parâmetros. Os dois grupos apresentaram correlações significativas entre LL e SS, PI e PT e PI e SS.
Conclusões Adultos jovens com NS apresentam modificações associadas ao SB, principalmente valores menores de LL e SS, em comparação com o grupo controle. Este perfil mais plano assemelha-se ao observado em pacientes com lombalgia e patologia discal em estágio inicial. Acreditamos que o NS seja um achado clínico relevante que deve levar ao estudo do SB de um paciente por poder revelar variações associadas aos primeiros estágios de degeneração discal.
Nível de Evidência III
Tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento Milestones de avaliação do ensino dos serviços de residência médica em ortopedia e traumatologia
Authors: Castro Ubiratan Brum de , Gomes Gustavo Remigio , Simão Kalil Francisco Restivo , Egito Liev José Cahino do , Figueiredo Sávio Daniel Freire de Albuquerque , Júnior Rosalvo Zósimo Bispo 
Published: July 2022

Resumo
Objetivo A ortopedia é uma especialidade pouco presente na formação de muitas escolas médicas brasileiras, sendo que não foi identificado nenhum questionário que avalie o ensino das desordens musculoesqueléticas durante a formação médica. O Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project constitui um instrumento de avaliação de residentes de ortopedia nos programas de residência ou bolsas credenciados pela ACGME (The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) e pelo ABOS (The American Board of Orthopedic Surgery). O objetivo é realizar a tradução para a língua portuguesa e adaptação transcultural do Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project.
Métodos A tradução e adaptação transcultural consistiram na tradução inicial para o português, retro tradução para o inglês, análise para a obtenção de uma versão consensual pré-teste e posterior versão final.
Resultados A versão final foi considerada adequada e equivalente à original para a avaliação dos residentes de ortopedia ao longo do programa de residência médica.
Conclusões Diante da falta de instrumentos para a avaliação dos residentes em Ortopedia, a tradução e a adaptação transcultural do Orthopedic Surgery Milestone Project foi compatível, podendo ser um instrumento para uma formação médica mais adequada.
Eficácia na esterilização de objetos produzidos pela impressão 3D com material ácido polilático: Comparação entre os métodos autoclave e óxido de etileno
Authors: Ramos Carlos Henrique , Wild Pedro Minuzzi , Martins Eduardo de Carvalho 
Published: July 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Devido à popularidade da tecnologia 3D, cirurgiões podem criar guias cirúrgicos específicos e esterilizá-los nas suas instituições. O objetivo do presente estudo é comparar a eficácia dos métodos de esterilização por autoclave e óxido de etileno (OE) de objetos produzidos pela impressão 3D com material ácido polilático (PLA, na sigla em inglês).
Métodos Quarenta objetos em formato cúbico foram impressos com material de PLA. Vinte eram sólidos e 20 eram ocos (impressos com pouco enchimento interno). Vinte objetos (10 sólidos e 10 ocos) foram esterilizados em autoclave, formando o Grupo 1. Os demais (10 sólidos e 10 ocos) foram esterilizados em OE, compondo o Grupo 2. Após a esterilização, os objetos foram armazenados e encaminhados para cultura. Objetos ocos de ambos os grupos foram quebrados durante a semeadura, comunicando o espaço morto com o meio de cultura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente (teste exato de Fisher e análise de resíduo).
Resultados No grupo 1 (autoclave) houve crescimento bacteriano em 50% dos objetos sólidos e em 30% dos objetos ocos. No grupo 2 (OE) o crescimento ocorreu em 20% dos objetos ocos, com ausência de crescimento bacteriano nos objetos sólidos (100% de amostras negativas). A bactéria isolada nos casos positivos foi Staphylococcus Gram positivo não produtor de coagulase.
Conclusões A esterilização tanto em autoclave quanto pelo OE não foi eficaz para objetos impressos no formato oco. Objetos sólidos esterilizados em autoclave não demonstraram 100% de amostras negativas, não sendo seguro no presente ensaio. Ausência completa de contaminação ocorreu apenas com objetos sólidos esterilizados pelo OE, sendo a combinação recomendada pelos autores.
Actin–microtubule dynamic composite forms responsive active matter with memory
Authors: Kučera Ondřej , Gaillard Jérémie , Guérin Christophe , Théry Manuel , Blanchoin Laurent 
Published: July 2022

Active cytoskeletal materials in vitro demonstrate self-organizing properties similar to those observed in their counterparts in cells. However, the search to emulate phenomena observed in living matter has fallen short of producing a cytoskeletal network that would be structurally stable yet possess adaptive plasticity. Here, we address this challenge by combining cytoskeletal polymers in a composite where self-assembling microtubules and actin filaments collectively self-organize due to the activity of microtubule-percolating molecular motors. We demonstrate that microtubules spatially organize actin filaments that in turn guide microtubules. The two networks align in an ordered fashion using this feedback loop. In this composite, actin filaments can act as structural memory and, depending on the concentration of the components, microtubules either write this memory or get guided by it. The system is sensitive to external stimuli, suggesting possible autoregulatory behavior in changing mechanochemical environments. We thus establish an artificial active actin–microtubule composite as a system demonstrating architectural stability and plasticity.
Final report "Key comparison CCM.FF-K1.2015 - water flow: 30 m3/h ... 200 m3/h"
Authors: Furuichi N , Arias R , Yang C-T , Chun S , Meng T , Shinder I , Frahm E , Büker O , Mills Chr , Akselli B , Smits F M 
Published: July 2022

Main text
The objective of the Key Comparison CCM.FF-K1.2015 for water flow measurement was to support and prove the Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMC) of the participating NMIs of Japan (AIST), Mexico (CENAM), Chinese Taipei (ITRI), Korea (KRISS), P.R. China (NIM), Germany (PTB), USA (NIST), Sweden (RISE), UK (NEL), Turkey (TUBITAK UME) and Netherlands (VSL). The comparison was organized as a round robin, started in December 2015 at PTB and finished in April 2018, also at PTB. As pilot laboratory, the national metrology institute of Germany (PTB) organised the comparison. A combined setup of a turbine meter and Coriolis meter was used as a transfer standard (TS), which was provided by the pilot laboratory. The nominal calibration conditions of the KC were defined within the flow range between 30 m3/h and 200 m3/h, 20 °C fluid temperature and 3 bar line pressure.
A special focus of the comparison was to estimate the uncertainties of the transfer standard (u
TS). Both transfer meters were subjected to extensive characterization measurements at pilot laboratory, with the following investigated parameters: fluid temperature, line pressure, repeatability, flow stability, meter sensitivity to varying inflow conditions and hysteresis effects.
For turbine meter, all labs passed the E
N criteria of ≤ 1.20. The calibrations of the turbine meter were strongly affected by the presence of the large values for u
TS with > 0.12 % k =1) which were mainly caused by the meter sensitivity to disturbed inflow conditions. This effect led to inconclusive calibration results for all laboratories. The evaluation criteria u
comp/u
base exceeded the critical value of 2.00. Finally, the turbine meter was not suitable for a confirmation of all submitted CMC values.
For Coriolis meter, all labs passed the E
N criteria of ≤ 1.20. In contrast to turbine meter, the evaluation criteria u
comp/u
base exceeded the critical value of 2.00 for one laboratory, only. The maximum uncertainty u
TS of Coriolis meter was estimated with 0.022 % (k =1).
In summary, the comparison was successfully finished for a confirmation of the submitted CMC values, related to mass calibrations. For volume related CMCs this comparison was not suitable.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Inverse medium scattering problems with Kalman filter techniques
Authors: Furuya Takashi , Potthast Roland 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the inverse medium scattering problem to reconstruct the unknown inhomogeneous medium from the far field patterns of scattered waves. The inverse scattering problem is generally ill-posed and nonlinear, and the iterative optimization method is often adapted. A natural iterative approach to this problem is to place all available measurements and mappings into one long vector and mapping, respectively, and to iteratively solve the linearized large system equation using the Tikhonov regularization method, which is called Levenberg–Marquardt scheme. However, this is computationally expensive because we must construct the larger system equations when the number of available measurements is increasing. In this paper, we propose two reconstruction algorithms based on the Kalman filter. One is the algorithm equivalent to the Levenberg–Marquardt scheme, and the other is inspired by the extended Kalman filter. For the algorithm derivation, we iteratively apply the Kalman filter to the linearized equation for our nonlinear equation. By applying the Kalman filter, our proposed algorithms sequentially update the state and the weight of the norm for the state space, which avoids the construction of large system equation, and retains the information of past updates. Finally, we provide numerical examples to demonstrate the proposed algorithm.
Periodic evolution of the Pearcey Gaussian beam under fractional effect
Authors: Ren Shumin , Gao Ru , Guo Teng , Wang Pengxiang , Xiao Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the propagation dynamics of the Pearcey Gaussian beam modeled by the fractional Schrödinger equation in linear potential have been investigated. Different from the propagation properties of the Pearcey Gaussian beam described by the standard Schrödinger equation, the diffraction-free phenomenon which is presented under the fractional Schrödinger equation with or without linear potential, is influenced by the Lévy index. When the linear potential is considered, the periodic evolution of the Pearcey Gaussian beams is given, and results show that the transmission period is inversely proportional to the linear potential coefficient. The direction of beam propagation can also be controlled by the symbol of linear potential parameters. The propagation of incident beam with transverse wave velocity has been studied. Moreover, the chirp does not influence the evolution period of the Pearcey Gaussian beam but does influence the intensity distribution. These properties can be well implemented for promising applications of Pearcey Gaussian beams in optical manipulation and optical switches.
Coherent x-ray radiation induced by high-current breakdown on a ferrite surface
Authors: Tilikin I N , Savinov S Yu , Pestovskii N V , Pikuz S A , Tskhai S N , Shelkovenko T A , Dushkin G A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For the first time observed that at the initial stage of a high-current discharge, a low-divergence short (<2 ns) electromagnetic pulse is formed over a ferrite surface. The 50% part of the energy spectrum of this pulse lies in the region of sufficiently hard x-ray radiation (hν > 1 keV) with an energy of 0.6 mJ and an average power of 0.3 MW. The radiation propagates parallel to the surface in the anode direction with the angle divergence <2°. The high directionality of the radiation in absence of the aperture-limiting devices for the radiation beam and the quadratic dependence of the spatial radiation energy flux density on the length of working part of the ferrite prism points to the coherent nature of the observed radiation. A possible generation mechanism of the radiation is proposed. It is based on the short-lived magnetization of the ferrite plots by a high-power electromagnetic pulse and the subsequent coherent interference of unit waves irradiated by these plots.