bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grape Phylloxera, Subsurface and Foliar Insecticide Applications in Ohio, 1978
Authors: Williams Roger H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were evaluated for control of grape phylloxera at Wooster. Plots consisted of 2 Clinton vines, with 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft in the row. Granular formulations were applied on June 28 and incorporated in the soil 1.5 ft away from vine rows and 1.5 ft outside end vines, in the form of an ellipse around the plot. Granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 1.5-inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil moisture was good at time of application, so granular treatments were not watered-in. Foliar treatments were made on June 28 and July 11, using a hand-opdrated CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with a Tee Jet® D2 disc and No. 25 core. Sprays were applied to vines at the rate of 100 gal/acre. A spreader-sticker, Ortho X-77, was added to all sprays, except Zolone, at 1 pt/100 gal. In sampling, 10 shoots were chosen at random from each plot, half from each side of the row. The number of galls were recorded from the 10 apical leaves on each of these shoots. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on Jun 2, 27, and Jul 6 at the following ai rates: Captan 1.5 lb and Benlate 0.5 lb + 1 pt Ortho X-77/100 gal. Rainfall from first application to last gall survey totaled 2.85 inches.
Rose Chafer, Bioassay to Determine Efficacy of Selected Adulticides, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Weiss Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field efficacy was evaluated in a portion of a commercial vineyard at North Kingsville; laboratory bioassay was conducted at the OARDC in Wooster. Grape rows were 10 ft on center with 8 ft between vines in the row. A replicate consisted of 5 adjacent vines in a row. Each treatment was applied to 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Applications were made on June 14 and June 20. The first application was made soon after rose chafer adults were first observed feeding on grape blossom buds. Sprays were applied at the rate of 100 gpa with a CO2 powered constant pressure sprayer equipped with a Tee Jet® D2 disc and No. 25 core. Treated foliage was colleged after the spray residue was dry at 0, 3, and 7 days after treatment. Two leaves were picked at random from each replicate and placed in labelled plastic bags. The bags were placed in an ice chest and transported to Wooster. Approximately 4 hr later the petioles were recut and placed in a floral tube filled with water. Modeling clay was used to seal the top of the tube to prevent leakage. Ten beetles of unknown age and a floral tube containing 2 leaves were placed in a 1-gal ice-cream carton. The carton was modified by placing a 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. The insecting holding room was maintained at 70°F with &gt; 80% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod. The number of live beetles was recorded at the end of 24 hr.
Citrus Mealybug Control, 1978
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were compared to Supracide for citrus mealybug (CMB) control. Treatments were replicated three times on single-tree plots in a completely randomized design. Grapefruit trees were 9 years old (15 x 25 ft spacing) growing on sandy clay loam soil. Spray applications were made on Aug 15 using a 2-gal Hudson Sprayer with CO2 at 80 psi as a propellant. An area on each tree of ca. 20 sq ft was sprayed to runoff. At 7 da posttreatment, 10 CMB-infested fruit were collected from the sprayed area in each tree and examined under a binocular scope. Percent mortality was determined for the crawler, 2nd and 3rd nymphal, and adult stages.
Citrus Red Mite Control, Riverside, California, 1978
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus red mite (CRM). Each treatment was replicated 3 times in single-tree plots. Trees were assigned to a replicate on the basis of their prespray CRM infestation level. Trees were sprayed on April 21 with a Hardy orchard spray gun (No. 8 orifice at 500 psi using ca. 12.5 gal/tree or 1350 gpa). On each count date, the CRM adult females were counted on 32 leaves/tree (8 four-leaf terminals, 2/quadrant).
Seed Maggot Control, 1978
Authors: Webb D. R. , Robbins P. S. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single row treatments, 36-inches apart, 15-ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A double cone seeder was used to plant 100 seeds in each row and distribute the granules of insecticide. After planting, a 2-4-inch band of meat and bone meal was applied by hand over the rows. Previous tests have shown this to be an effective method of increasing damage through attraction of seed maggot flies. Each of the crops was planted in a separate plot on Jun 23. Damage counts were made Jul 5 on squash, and Jul 6 on snap beans. The total number of emerged seedlings in each row was counted, damaged individuals recorded, and an average percent damage was calculated. Efficacy counts were made on the sweet corn plot on Jul 10 by digging up 25 seeds/row, examining them for injury, and calculating an average percent damage.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Hogenkamp Derk J. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Cancelado Rafael E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Late Flat Dutch’ cabbage was planted Jun 12’78, at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount. Plots were single row, 34-ft long, spaced 40-inches apart and randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied Jul 18, Aug 9, and Aug 23 using a 2-gal, hand operated, compressed-air sprayer delivering 76 gal water/acre at ca 40 psi. Insects were counted I day after spraying.
Control of Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage, 1973
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre’ cabbage was direct seeded in 2-row plots 33-feet long on Jul 18’73 using a Stanhay precision planter. Plants were thinned to 18-inches in the row and 36-inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by 2 guard rows. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 ,,, replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Sprays were applied Aug 29; Sep 5, 11, 19 and 26; and Oct 4, 10, and 18. Treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. All treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage or odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; 5) 51-100% damage - crown damaged and/or all leaves with holes.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage, 1976
Authors: Linduska James J. , Olson Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Defender’ cabbage was transplanted in 2 row plots 33-feet long on Aug 24’76. Plants were spaced 18-inches in row with 36-inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by 2 guard rows and the treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. The granular insecticide sidedress treatments were applied with a double spout electric drive Gandy applicator (Model 901-2). The treatments were applied 4-6 inches on either side of the row by placing the Gandy hose outlets behind the inside cultivator teeth. Over the foliage treatment with granules was applied with the same equipment but the material was distributed in a 12 inch band over the row. All sprays were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. Treatments were applied on Sep 8, 17, and 23; Oct 1 and 11. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage - odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes. None of the products were phytotoxic. Insect pressure was lighter than normal in 1976. The treatment labeled CC 3824 is a granular formulation of Orthene. The compound is systemic in nature and can be absorbed by the foliage or by the roots.
Sweet Corn, First Brood European Corn Borer Control, 1978
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn utilized in this study was planted Apr 28’78 on the Ralph Cousins Farm, Derry, NH. Each plot consisted of a 30-foot row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied to the whorls either 2 or 3 times starting at the whorl stage (18-20 inches tall) and extending into the pretassel stage. Spray applications were made using a one gallon B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 26 gallons/acre. Dyfonate 10GK was applied as a single application either directed over the whorls using a Gandy plot applicator and broadcasted using a Cyclone seeder. The broadcast treatment was applied alongside the randomized block to prevent cross contamination. Evaluations were made on Jul 20’78 by examining all the stalks and ears in each treatment and determining the percentage injured by the first brood European corn borer larvae.
Control of Budworms in Sweet Corn With Insecticides Applied to the Soil, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweetcorn was planted on Apr 4 ’77. Plots were I row, 40-ft in length and were separated by 1 row of untreated corn. Row spacing was 3 ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Soil was a loamy sand and received 4.5 in rain + 8 in irrigation. The granules were applied in a band just behind the packer wheel or into the furrow just in front of the packer wheel using a gravity flow device (Mason jar with 1 hole in the lid inverted over a directed plastic tube). The Furadan drench was applied with a sprinkling can in 100 gal water/acre. Budworm injury was recorded May 10 just before tasseling. All ears were harvested and weighed on Jun 14.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms and Fall Armyworms in Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘N & k 199’ sweet corn was planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows, on Jun 13’77. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three rows 25 ft long with a single untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied to the ear and to an area about 15 inches above and below the ear with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 40 psi pressure, using a Spraying Systems Cone Jet Y-8 nozzle. Treatments were initiated at first silk on Aug 5 and continued at 2-3 day intervals through Aug 15, a total of 5 applications in all. Twenty-five ears were harvested from each replicate on Aug 19 and checked for earworms and fall armyworms. The following categories were selected for evaluation of earworm injury: 1) Clean - no evidence of earworm; 2) Medium - injury less than 1.5 inches below tip; ear could be clipped; and 3) Severe - damage well below ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use. Heavy fall armyworm feeding undoubtedly destoryed many earworm eggs and small larvae. Fall armyworm injury was evaluated by classifying the ears as Damaged or with Severeinjury - all ears in the severe group were a total loss.
Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn Seedlings, 1978
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was seeded, 12-inch spacing Sep 19 on 30-inch by 8-inch high beds of Myakka fine sand mulched with polyethylene plastic. Plots were single rows 20-feet long replicated 5 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Sprays were applied Oct 6 and 13 in an 18 inch band over the plants at 50 gal/acre and 40 psi. Three and 5 days after each application, 10 plants were removed from each plot and the number of larvae counted.
Control of Striped Cucumber Beetle on Pickling Cucumber, 1978
Authors: York A. C. , Walker G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Greenpak’ cucumbers were seeded in rows on 10-ft centers on May 10 with a Planet Jr. Weed Control (marginal) was obtained by applying Prefar 6 qt/A-Alanap 8 qt/A immediately after seeding. Treatments were foliar with the exception of Furadan and UC 21865. Furadan was applied pre-plant in a 12 in. band using a Gandy Ro-Bander applicator and lightly incorporated. UC 21865 was applied in 50 gallon per acre water before planting in an 8-)0 in. band and lightly incorporated. Foliar materials were applied on 18 May, 25 May, 31 May, 8 Jun, and 15 Jun using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 3, D4-45 nozzles per row delivering 75 gallons per acre in a 36 in. band at 72 psi. insect control was evaluated by counting the number of dead beetles per 5 ft row. Crop was harvested 3 times and total yield is presented.
Aphid Control on Leaf Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Simonet D. E. , Postema E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lettuce was planted with a John Deere 33 planter on Jun 28, 1978, at the Muck crops Branch, OARDC, Williard, Ohio. Three row groups 15-inches apart and 40-ft long were planted with 34-inches between groups. Three replicates of 12 3-row treatments and one untreated check were arranged in a randomized block design with a 3-row border on either side of each treatment. Soil type was irrigated muck. Insecticides were applied on Jul 25 with a tractor at a rate of 50 gal/acre and 30 psi using a directed spray. A pre-treatment count showed that 71% of the population was green peach aphid and 29% were potato aphids with 25.2 ± 10.34 (x ± S.D.) total aphids/plant. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated based on total aphids counted on 10 plants from the center row of each treatment.
European Cornborer Control on Sweet Peppers, 1978
Authors: Anderson T. E. , Kennedy G. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bare root transplants were set in a field at the North Carolina State University, Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, N. C. on May 23‘78. Individual plots consisted of 20 plants in a single row 20-feet long. They were separated in rows by 5-feet of bare ground and between rows by one unplanted row. Overhead irrigation was supplied as needed. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block experimental design. Foliar sprays were applied weekly from Jul 7 through Aug 18 using a CO2 powered, back-pack sprayer equipped with 3 hollow-cone nozzles calibrated to deliver 35 gal/A at 30 psi. Furadan 10G was applied in a band 2 in. deep and 6 in. from the base of the plant on Jul 12. To insure a cornborer infestation, 10 egg masses were pinned to the foliage throughout each plot. All mature green fruit were harvested on Jul 18, Aug 8 and 24.
Effects of Phosvel and Sevin on Green Peach Aphid Populations, 1974
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘California Wonder’ pepper plants were trans-planted on May 10‘74. The plots consisted of a single row of peppers, 25-feet in length, buffered on either side by an untreated guard row. The plants were spaced 12-inches within the row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.0 gallon of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and the row was covered by 3 nozzles. Plots were sprayed May 31; Jun 12, 26; Jul 2, 10, 18, 24; and Aug 16 and 27. Peppers were harvested on Jul 23, 31; Aug 7, 12, and 19.
Redbacked Cutworm Control on Peppermint, 1978
Authors: Schuster David J. , Berry Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots (50 x 50 ft), replicated 3 times, were used to evaluate efficacy of Lorsban 4E (0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/acre) and Orthene 75S (1.0 lb ai/acre) to control redbacked cutworm larvae. Four ft2 samples were taken from each replicate prior to treatment and 7 and 14 days following treatment. Samples were screened in the field. Treatments were applied with a CO2 bicycle sprayer with T-jet 8003 flat fan nozzles calibrated to deliver 18 gal/A at 30 psi. The soil type was Deschutes fine sandy loam with an organic matter content of 1.0%. The soil temperature at application was 31°C at 2-inch.
Potato, Wireworm Control, Pasco, Washington, 1977
Authors: Toba H . H. , Turner J . E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a grower’s center-pivot, sprinkler-irrigated field. The soil type was Ritzville (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) silt loam; it contained less than 0.5% organic matter. On Mar 31 and Apr 7, soil samples were taken with a 5 1/2-in. diam posthole digger to a depth of at least 18 in. in the vicinity of the test site (ca. 10 acres) to estimate the wireworm population; 5 wireworms were found in 90 samples. Soil temperature at depths of 9, 12, and 18 in. was ca. 10°C. Two adjacent blocks were used; one was treated by preplant broadcast and one by sidedress applications at planting. Both blocks were divided into 2 subblocks, each of which contained several insecticide treatments and an untreated check. Each plot measured 50-ft long and 60rows wide (34-in. apart), and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design within each subblock. On Apr 27 and 28, broadcast treatments were applied; granules were applied with a hand-operated grass seeder, and EC formulations were diluted in water to a volume of 1 qt and applied with a hand-held, 2-row sprayer with a boom consisting of 4 Teejet (No. 8001) nozzles at a rate of ca. 12.8 gal/acre at a pressure of 30 psi. The plots were rototilled to a depth of 4-6 in. within 2 hr after appli-cation. On Apr 30, potato seed pieces were planted by the grower and on May 3 and 4, sidedress treatments were applied 2 rows at a time, 3-4 in. to each side of and level with the seed piece. Granules were applied with tractor-mounted Gandy applicators in 1-In. bands, and EC formulations were diluted to a volume of 1 pt and applied at a pressure of 30 psi with Teejet 35 (No. 4916) nozzles with a tractor-mounted applicator. On Oct 5 and 6, tubers were harvested from rows 2 and 5 of each plot (15 ft/row). All were washed and examined, then the percentages, by weight, of injured and culled tubers were determined. “Injured” was defined as any penetration of c tuber by a wireworm, and “culled” was defined as any injury severe enough to meet the description of “damage” in Sec. 51.1554 of the U.S. standard for Potatoes. The percentages were transformed to arcsine percentage and analyzed by analysis of variance (split-plot design) and Duncan’s multiple range test. The methods of application were considered main-plot treatments, and the compounds or formulations were subplot treatments. Subplot treatments that were not used in both main plot treatments were not included in the analysis.
Lepidopterous Larval Control on Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Hayashi J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental tomato planting (VFN Bush) was transplanted Jun 17’80 at University of California South Coast Field Station. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Replicates were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 25 ft long with 5-ft buffer between replicates. Insecticides were applied weekly from Aug 12 through Sept 30 (8 applications) by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row at an operating pressure of 100 psi and delivery rate of 101 gal/acre. Nozzles were hollow cone, D2 orifice, 25 core and 50-mesh screen. All treatments included 0.04% spreader-sticker (Biofilm). All mature green, pink and red fruit were harvested Sep 17 and Oct 1. Fruit were inspected for tomato pinworm damage, external damage (primarily beet armyworm) and internal damage (primarily tomato fruit-worm). The 2 harvests were combined. At the last harvest all replicates were visually inspected for tomato russet mite damage. Data (Arcsin transformation) were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% probability level.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Arnett H. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An eight year old stand of alfalfa located at the Newland’s Field Station, Fallon, Nevada was used for this study. Treatments were applied at near full bud stage when 30 - 40% of the plants were showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 x 50 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activates plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.2 gpa at 30 psi. Treat-ments were made on May 21 ‘79. Post treatment counts were taken on May 24, 28 and Jun 5 and were based on 10 (180 degree) sweeps of a standard net from each rep.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and experimental insecticides to control first generation European corn borer were evaluated at the south farm of the University of Illinois (Champaign County). Corn (B73 x M017) was planted in 30 In rows on May 28. Each plant in the study was artificially infested with approximately 35 freshly hatched larvae on July 9 and again on July 11. Mean extended leaf height of these plants at infestation was 54 in. Insecticides were applied on July 18, just as larvae were beginning to tunnel into the plants (mean extended leaf height = 65 in). Liquid insecticides were applied directly over the whorls with a CO2 back pack sprayer (even flat fan nozzle, 3 mph, 20 psi, 10 gal of water/ acre). Granular insecticides were applied to the whorls of each plant with a shaker can (number of holes was calibrated for each insecticide). Each treatment consisted of a single row containing 25 plants with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Untreated rows (no larvae and no insecticide treatment) bounded each treatment row. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for corn borer damage (number and length of cavities) in late August by spliting the stalks of 40 plants from each treatment (10 plants/treatment x 4 reps) in half from the tassel to the ground. No phytotoxicity was observed with any of the banded compounds.
Rootworm Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted May 10 in Montgomery County, VA., to evaluate planting time applications of eight granular insecticides for the control of corn rootworm larvae. Treatments were applied in a 7-in band over the row in front of the presswheel. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots for each treatment consisted of 4 x 50 ft rows on 36-in centers. Root damage was determined by digging and washing 6 plants on July 11 from each row. Treatments were evaluated by root damage ratings (Iowa 1-6 system). Data was analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The soil type was silt loam. The field had a history of Furadan use. Rainfall for May, June and July was above normal. Air temperature for the period was below normal.