bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma simulation of hot-surface-microwave hybrid ion sources
Authors: Zhang A.L. , Peng S.X. , Wu W.B. , Ma T.H. , Cui B.J. , Jiang Y.X. , Li K. , Zhang J.F. , Zhang T. , Wen J.M. , Xu Y. , Guo Z.Y. , Chen J.E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To generate high-current hard-to-ionize elements such as
B+, a hybrid ion source that combines electron cyclotron
resonance and thermal surface ionization, which is called a
high-temperature surface microwave source (HSMS), is under
development. A high-temperature hot surface (2000°) and
microwave heating are the essential components of an HSMS to produce
high-energy electrons for B+ generation. A helical tungsten
filament is used in the HSMS source to obtain a high temperature and
provide an axial configuration with a magnetic field of
approximately 87.5 mT for the 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron
resonance (ECR). The effects of high-temperature surface ionization
and ECR ionization were separately evaluated. The magnetic field
configuration, microwave power, and air pressure have been studied
through this plasma model. A 30% B+ improvement was achieved.
Numerical optimization of amplitude-modulated pulses in microwave-driven entanglement generation
Authors: Duwe M , Zarantonello G , Pulido-Mateo N , Mendpara H , Krinner L , Bautista-Salvador A , Vitanov N V , Hammerer K , Werner R F , Ospelkaus C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microwave control of trapped ions can provide an implementation of high-fidelity two-qubit gates free from errors induced by photon scattering. Furthermore, microwave conductors may be embedded into a scalable trap structure, providing the chip-level integration of control that is desirable for scaling. Recent developments have demonstrated how amplitude modulation of the gate drive can permit a two-qubit entangling operation to become robust against motional mode noise and other experimental imperfections. Here, we discuss a method for the numerical optimization of the microwave pulse envelope to produce gate pulses with noise resilience, considerably faster operation and high energy efficiency.
Ehrenfest dynamics implemented in the all-electron package exciting
Authors: Pela Ronaldo Rodrigues , Draxl Claudia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ehrenfest dynamics combined with real-time time-dependent density functional theory has proven to be a reliable tool to study non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with a reasonable computational cost. Among other possibilities, it allows for assessing in real time electronic excitations generated by ultra-fast laser pulses, as e.g., in pump–probe spectroscopy, and their coupling to the nuclear vibrations even beyond the linear regime. In this work, we present its implementation in the all-electron full-potential package exciting. Three cases are presented as examples: diamond and cubic boron nitride (BN) relaxed after an initial lattice distortion, and cubic BN exposed to a laser pulse. Comparison with the Octopus code exhibits good agreement.
Modification of substrate and product transport systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae to improve 1,3-propanediol production
Authors: Teng Yu , Guo Chao , Xie Mengmeng , Feng Ao , Lu Xinyao , Zong Hong , Zhuge Bin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Substrate uptake and product export are important for microbial growth and product synthesis. Here, the glycerol uptake facilitator (GlpF) and the members of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) type efflux system were overexpressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae to promote 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production. Overexpression of the endogenous K. pneumoniae GlpF improved glycerol dehydratase (GDHt) activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 to 65.1 g/l. RND members AcrA and the AcrE had no impact on 1,3-PDO production. RND members AcrF and the TolC increased 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 to 68.4 g/l and 65.4 g/l, respectively. MexB significantly decreased GDHt activity and 1,3-PDO titer. Notably, MexF dramatically enhanced GDHt activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer and glycerol conversion rate to 74.0 g/l and 0.62 mol/mol, respectively. However, coexpression of the endogenous GlpF and MexF did not further improve 1,3-PDO production. The results present here provided novel information about the applications of the uptake of glycerol and the efflux of 1,3-PDO.
Variation in the Substitution Rates among the Human Mitochondrial Haplogroup U Sublineages
Authors: Översti Sanni , Palo Jukka U 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Resolving the absolute timescale of phylogenetic trees stipulates reliable estimates for the rate of DNA sequence evolution. For this end, various calibration methods have been developed and studied intensively. Intraspecific rate variation among distinct genetic lineages, however, has gained less attention. Here, we have assessed lineage-specific molecular rates of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by performing tip-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Tip-calibration, as opposed to traditional nodal time stamps from dated fossil evidence or geological events, is based on sample ages and becoming ever more feasible as ancient DNA data from radiocarbon-dated samples accumulate. We focus on subhaplogroups U2, U4, U5a, and U5b, the data including ancient mtDNA genomes from 14C-dated samples (n = 234), contemporary genomes (n = 301), and two outgroup sequences from haplogroup R. The obtained molecular rates depended on the data sets (with or without contemporary sequences), suggesting time-dependency. More notable was the rate variation between haplogroups: U4 and U5a stand out having a substantially higher rate than U5b. This is also reflected in the divergence times obtained (U5a: 17,700 years and U5b: 29,700 years), a disparity not reported previously. After ruling out various alternative causes (e.g., selection, sampling, and sequence quality), we propose that the substitution rates have been influenced by demographic histories, widely different among populations where U4/U5a or U5b are frequent. As with the Y-chromosomal subhaplogroup R1b, the mitochondrial U4 and U5a have been associated with remarkable range extensions of the Yamnaya culture in the Bronze Age.
Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection: A Comparative Analysis of AI Regulation through the Lens of Data Protection in the EU and Brazil
Authors: Peck Pinheiro Patricia , Batista Battaglini Helen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is already a major part of our daily lives. From unlocking our smartphones with our faces to receiving film recommendations on streaming platforms, AI is part of our routines. In recent years, a widespread adoption of AI technologies both by public and private agencies has been observed. Notwithstanding the many conveniences it has created, the use of AI also involves many risks for people individually and for society as a whole. For instance, it may jeopardise fundamental rights such as privacy and data protection or even intensify existing discrimination against minorities. For this reason, various nations are now facing the challenge of regulating AI without limiting its development. In terms of data protection, the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been consistently applied and enforced in the European Union (EU) and has inspired many other data protection laws that came after it, such as the one in Brazil. In Brazil, the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) has finally come into force and is slowly being enforced. In 2021, a series of legislative initiatives concerning the development and use of AI systems drew the attention of governments, academics and the tech industry around the world. In the EU, the European Commission released a proposal for regulation in April that presents harmonised rules on AI. Meanwhile, in Brazil, in September, the Chamber of Deputies approved a rather superficial bill aiming to regulate AI in the country. Thus, one can wonder: what is the impact of data protection laws on AI regulations? And how could Brazil benefit once again from following the EU’s lead on regulating AI? In order to answer these questions, this article begins by explaining the concept of AI. It then presents the relation between AI and privacy and data protection as well as the main principles that guide privacy and data protection under both EU and Brazilian data protection laws. Subsequently, it introduces the EU legal framework for AI and focuses on the risk-based approach. Later, it presents the proposed Brazilian bill, focusing on its main principles from a comparative perspective with the EU. Finally, it will conclude how Brazil can benefit from taking inspiration from the EU experience on AI regulation.
Positive Allosteric Modulation of α5-GABAA Receptors Reverses Stress-Induced Alterations in Dopamine System Function and Prepulse Inhibition of Startle
Authors: McCoy Alexandra M , Prevot Thomas D , Mian Md Yenus , Cook James M , Frazer Alan , Sibille Etienne L , Carreno Flavia R , Lodge Daniel J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Up to 64% of patients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience psychosis, likely attributable to aberrant dopamine neuron activity. We have previously demonstrated that positive allosteric modulators of α5-GABAARs can selectively decrease hippocampal activity and reverse psychosis-like physiological and behavioral alterations in a rodent model used to study schizophrenia; however, whether this approach translates to a PTSD model remains to be elucidated.

Methods
We utilized a 2-day inescapable foot shock (IS) procedure to induce stress-related pathophysiology in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We evaluated the effects of intra-ventral hippocampus (vHipp) administration GL-II-73, an α5-GABAAR, or viral overexpression of the α5 subunit, using in vivo electrophysiology and behavioral measures in control and IS-treated rats.

Results
IS significantly increased ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron population activity, or the number of dopamine neurons firing spontaneously (n = 6; P = .016), consistent with observation in multiple rodent models used to study psychosis. IS also induced deficits in sensorimotor gating, as measured by reduced prepulse inhibition of startle (n = 12; P = .039). Interestingly, intra-vHipp administration of GL-II-73 completely reversed IS-induced increases in dopamine neuron population activity (n = 6; P = .024) and deficits in prepulse inhibition (n = 8; P = .025), whereas viral overexpression of the α5 subunit in the vHipp was not effective.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that pharmacological intervention augmenting α5-GABAAR function, but not α5 overexpression in itself, can reverse stress-induced deficits related to PTSD in a rodent model, providing a potential site of therapeutic intervention to treat comorbid psychosis in PTSD.
Habitat characteristics of artificial oyster reefs influence female oystershell mud crab Panopeus simpsoni Rathbun, 1930 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae)
Authors: Laroche Robert A S , Doan Thao M , Hanke Marc H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Structurally complex biogenic habitats provide foraging grounds and predation refuges for a myriad of decapod crustaceans. Many of these habitats, such as reefs formed by the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791), have been lost due to natural and anthropogenic reasons, leading to the construction of artificial reefs for habitat restoration. Previous studies have investigated the impacts of oyster reef restoration efforts on abundance patterns of decapod crustaceans, such as those of panopeid crabs, but largely ignored the influence of artificial, or created, habitat on other population characteristics such as reproductive output. We sampled five artificial reefs (constructed during 2014 or 2015) in Sweetwater Lake, Galveston Bay, Texas, USA in July-August 2016 to study the population characteristics of female panopeid mud crab Panopeus simpsoniRathbun, 1930. We quantified carapace width, counted eggs and measured dry egg mass to estimate reproductive output and determine how reef-age treatment, live-oyster abundance, and live-oyster size predicted female P. simpsoni abundance and egg production. Oyster size varied significantly (P &lt; 0.001) by age treatment, and oyster abundance and size varied significantly (P &lt; 0.001) between the reefs within each age treatment. The abundance of female P. simpsoni varied significantly (P &lt; 0.001) between the two age treatments and was positively correlated with oyster size and reef age. The percentage of gravid females, which varied significantly (P = 0.027) among the reefs, was positively correlated with oyster abundance, and egg production was positively correlated with body size. These results suggest that oyster development on artificial reefs may influence the abundance and reproductive output of associated crustaceans such as P. simpsoni. We demonstrate that monitoring programs should not only consider population characteristics of reef-building organisms, but also the development of complex habitat structure and its impact on associated crustacean populations when determining the success of artificial habitats.
The cardinality of the partitions of a set in the absence of the Axiom of Choice
Authors: Phansamdaeng Palagorn , Vejjajiva Pimpen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF), $|\textrm {fin}(A)|&lt;2^{|A|}\leq |\textrm {Part}(A)|$ for any infinite set $A$, where $\textrm {fin}(A)$ is the set of finite subsets of $A$, $2^{|A|}$ is the cardinality of the power set of $A$ and $\textrm {Part}(A)$ is the set of partitions of $A$. In this paper, we show in ZF that $|\textrm {fin}(A)|&lt;|\textrm {Part}_{\textrm {fin}}(A)|$ for any set $A$ with $|A|\geq 5$, where $\textrm {Part}_{\textrm {fin}}(A)$ is the set of partitions of $A$ whose members are finite. We also show that, without the Axiom of Choice, any relationship between $|\textrm {Part}_{\textrm {fin}}(A)|$ and $2^{|A|}$ for an arbitrary infinite set $A$ cannot be concluded.
Decrease in Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sarmiento Clemente Adriana , Kaplan Sheldon L , Barson William J , Lin Philana Ling , Romero José R , Bradley John S , Tan Tina Q , Pannaraj Pia S , Givner Laurence B , Hultén Kristina G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Measures to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission in 2020 reduced other viral infections. Among 7 US children’s hospitals, invasive pneumococcal disease cumulative incidence decreased by 46% in 2020 vs 2017-2019. Limited droplet transmission of pneumococci and preceding viral pathogens may be responsible.
Cellulosic copper nanoparticles and a hydrogen peroxide–based disinfectant trigger rapid inactivation of pseudoviral particles expressing the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV
Authors: Brault Ariane , Néré Raphael , Prados Jérôme , Boudreault Simon , Bisaillon Martin , Marchand Patrick , Couture Patrick , Labbé Simon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by human coronaviruses that include SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although their primary mode of transmission is through contaminated respiratory droplets from infected carriers, the deposition of expelled virus particles onto surfaces and fomites could contribute to viral transmission. Here, we use replication-deficient murine leukemia virus (MLV) pseudoviral particles expressing SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV Spike (S) protein on their surface. These surrogates of native coronavirus counterparts serve as a model to analyze the S-mediated entry into target cells. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanofibers that are combined with copper (Cu) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties. S-pseudovirions that are exposed to CMC–Cu nanoparticles (30 s) display a dramatic reduction in their ability to infect target Vero E6 cells, with ∼97% less infectivity as compared to untreated pseudovirions. In contrast, addition of the Cu chelator tetrathiomolybdate protects S-pseudovirions from CMC–Cu-mediated inactivation. When S-pseudovirions were treated with a hydrogen peroxide–based disinfectant (denoted SaberTM) used at 1:250 dilution, their infectivity was dramatically reduced by ∼98%. However, the combined use of SaberTM and CMC–Cu is the most effective approach to restrict infectivity of SARS-CoV-2-S, SARS-CoV-S, and MERS-CoV-S pseudovirions in Vero E6 cell assays. Together, these results show that cellulosic Cu nanoparticles enhance the effectiveness of diluted SaberTM sanitizer, setting up an improved strategy to lower the risk of surface- and fomite-mediated transmission of enveloped respiratory viruses.
Bauforschung and Stadtforschung
Authors: Andrews Margaret M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Augustus’ monumental building program has been well studied among Bauforscher. The emperor devoted special attention to creating monuments and monumental ensembles in high-profile parts of the city. The extent and variety of Augustus’ transformations, from reorganizing the city into 14 regions to restoring and uniting neighborhood compital shrines into a citywide cultic network, have also attracted the interests of scholars focused on questions more pertinent to urban studies, or Stadtforschung. This chapter seeks to combine these two scales of inquiry and explore Augustus’ building program within a single region to demonstrate the variety of ways—from the monumental to the mundane—in which Augustus interacted with a typical urban neighborhood. Within an eight-year period, Augustus built or restored five structures in the upper Subura. The diversity of the projects here provides unique evidence for the full scope of Augustus’ urban interventions, including purely local ones, and reveals a sensitivity to distinct local topographical traditions in residential areas. Moreover, the chapter allows a better understanding of the logistical operations and complications of carrying out such a wide variety of projects within a short time span. In considering the seemingly disparate structures within one region in relation to each other, the methodological complementarity of Bauforschung and Stadtforschung becomes clearer.
The Augustan Aqueduct of Minturnae in Southern Latium
Authors: Bankel Hansgeorg 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Roman aqueduct of Minturnae features an unusual distribution basin (castellum aquae) that was integrated into the central pier of the city gate over the Via Appia. Such a distribution basin is not only unique in the ancient world, but it also combines the economical with the elegant. There are, however, signs that this was not the only proposed position for the distribution basin. Pairs of bricks, inserted near the top of the aqueduct’s piers and indicating the slope of the channel (specus), show that an inclination of 0.7 percent was planned at some point for the final stretch of the aqueduct. As it is built, however, the aqueduct approaches the city with a flat slope of 0.0 percent in order to reach the city wall at a sufficient height to bridge the Via Appia and arrive at the castellum aquae on top of the gate. Various interpretations are proposed for the brick markers, but the most likely scenario is that they are the relics of a heated debate between different teams about the slope of the aqueduct in this crucial section and, consequently, the shape of the castellum aquae at its end.
Introduction
Authors: Lagerkvist Amanda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The introduction presents the rationale, motive, and aims of existential media studies by first setting the scene for rethinking media, and digital media, in light of limits and the limit situations of life. Placing the mourner centrally for media studies, through an empirical focus on online grief and commemoration of the dead as well as the digital afterlife, it shows that the book contributes to death online research by offering a framework inspired by a return to existential philosophy, and in particular to Karl Jaspers’s philosophy. The introduction explains that Jaspers’s concept of the limit situation works as a privileged reality and as a heuristic concept-metaphor so as to provide an argument for why we need to think beyond the digital as limitless, despite the indisputable all-pervasiveness of media technologies in our world. It begins thereby to open up an intellectual space—that is, existential media studies—where we can think of media at the limit, as the limit, as well as of the limit. The introduction also suggests a series of coalitions and fruitful collisions between existential media studies and other fields, such as, for example, elemental media philosophy, feminist new materialism, environmental humanities, and anticipation studies.
Metric Media
Authors: Lagerkvist Amanda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the fact that in a world of quantification, infrastructures of being are of a numerical order that has consequences for marginalized and disenfranchised groups. The chapter seeks to disclose the workings of an ontology of numbers and an ethos of quantification in the reality of the limit situation. In line with the concern in media theory to make environments visible by bringing them back from oblivion, the chapter attempts to shed light on this ontology at the evental site of suffering and loss. The chapter zooms in on the ethos of taking notice of numbers as affirming, consoling, or discomforting in the coping process. It shares research on a group of bereaved parents who built memorials to their dead children, and on two siblings who commemorate their dead brother and sister. It shows that mourners are not just enabled by the practices they participate in and coforge, but do this ambivalently, in a sociotechnological context veering forcefully toward ideals of absolute certainty that fix embodied beings to certain “truths” beyond their phenomenologically perceivable reality, and that distribute value and opportunity unevenly. This is especially disquieting in cultures of bereavement, where the ethos of quantification clashes head-on with fundamental phenomenological and existential values, needs, and insights. Here, Jaspers’s and Husserl’s skepticism about numerical reduction are brought into conversation with Steven Connors’s provocative defense of numbers, as well as the central debates on metric cultures and datafied lifeworlds.
Transcendent Media
Authors: Lagerkvist Amanda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter remains within the limit situation of loss, with a focus on contemporary expressions of after-death communication as an important aspect of caring for the dead, who today emerge as silent angels online. It posits existential media as transcendent media, verging on the threshold. While mourning is always mourning of somebody whose singular presence in the world can never be replaced, our culture has offered replacement by digital bodies of substitution. Offering a discussion on (dis)embodiment and a historicization of the relationship to the dead body, the chapter provides a philosophical context through a definition and discussion of transcendence and its crucial relationship to technology. It parses its meanings and implications in Jaspers’s philosophy, postphenomenology, and posthumanism. It pits these practices, of communicating directly with and thus caring for the dead online, against the fact that they belong to the broader emergence of a new cultural form: the digital afterlife. In the digital limit situation, the transcendence industry mines this very realm of ultimate loss and longing. The chapter balances these insights against the vernacular practices of the mourners. When we center on the latter and their practices of after-death communication, important things can be learned about alternate ways of being human in the digital age since the coexisters are involved in a postinteractive form of communication. As opposed to the spiritualists of the nineteenth century, they allow the dead to rest in peace and their dead letters to them land because they hang in midair.