bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Representativeness and Stochastic Efficacy of Miniature Tensile Specimen Testing
Authors: Karnati Sreekar , Isanaka Sriram Praneeth , Zhang Yunlu , Liou Frank F. , Schulthess Jason L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, a miniature dog bone tensile coupon design was tested against the existing ASTM standard specimen design. Specimens were prepared from commercially sourced austenitic stainless steel 304 alloy, and a defect-ridden additively manufactured 304L alloy was studied. By utilizing a tensile specimen design that is 1/230th volume of the smallest ASTM E8-04(2016), Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, dog bone specimen, coupled to a digital image correlation (DIC) setup, case studies were performed to compare tensile property measurements and strain field evolution. Whereas yield strength measurements were observed to be similar, post-yield, the ultimate strength measurements and ductility measurements from the miniature specimens were observed to be higher than the ASTM specimen design. Although the strength measurements were comparable, the strain evolution was found to differ in the miniature specimens. Studies to assess effects of varying thickness and defect population were also pursued on the miniature tensile specimen. From the DIC strain field estimations, the peak local strain values at ultimate tensile strength were observed to be increasing with reducing specimen thickness. Testing of defect ridden stainless steel revealed the sensitivity to failure through strain localization and the influence of defect size was captured in the strength measurements.
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Usefulness of genetic testing of fine-needle aspirations for diagnosis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Stewardson Paul , Eszlinger Markus , Paschke Ralf 
Published: July 2022

Objective
Genetic testing is increasingly used to diagnose or rule out thyroid cancer in indeterminate fine-needle aspirations. This review evaluates the usefulness of these methods with considerations of advantages and limitations.

Design
Given the diagnostic problem associated with the increasing incidental detection of indeterminate thyroid nodules in the context of thyroid cancer overtreatment, we consider the conditions and respective necessary settings for the role of genetic testing to improve presurgical malignancy risk stratification.

Methods
We review diagnostic pathway requirements and commercially available molecular tests with their respective advantages and disadvantages and discuss the prerequisites required for local application and implementation including quality assurance for local ultrasound and cytopathology practices.

Results
Recent improvements in available molecular diagnostic tests have brought high sensitivity and specificity in initial validation studies, but whether these promising results translate to other clinical settings depends on the quality of the local thyroid nodule diagnostic pathway.

Conclusions
Genetic testing can meaningfully improve presurgical malignancy risk assessment, but more work is needed to implement and use genetic testing effectively in local settings.
Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Exhalation rate of 222Rn and 220Rn in the Soil Samples from the Kuthiran Hills, Kerala, India
Authors: C V VISHNU , Joseph Antony 
Published: July 2022

Background: Exposure to radon and its decay products is one of the important contributors of radiation doses to human population. Radon exhalation study is important for understanding the contribution of the soil towards the total radioactivity concentration found inside the dwellings.
Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the radioactivity levels and radium and radon exhalation rates in soil samples collected from Kuthiran hills and nearby places in Thrissur district, Kerala state, India. On the basis of this data, radiological health hazard parameters are also evaluated.
Methods: About 18 soil samples were collected from the study location. The radium, thorium and potassium activity concentrations were analyzed by HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. The “can technique” using LR-115 type II plastic track detectors have been used for the measurement of radon exhalation rate in soil samples.
Results: The mean values of activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 64.60 Bqkg-1, 109.03 Bqkg-1and 972.67 Bqkg-1 respectively. The mean value of radon mass exhalation rate is 9.19 mBqkg-1h-1 and thoron surface exhalation rate is and 237.9 mBqm-2s-1. The radium equivalent activity concentration of all the soil samples was below the level of 370 Bqkg-1, recommended for building materials, by OECD 1979 (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).
Conclusions: The results show that the study area is safe, as far as the health hazard effects of radium and radon exhalation rate are concerned. This data will be helpful in establishing new regulations and safety limits, related to the radiation dose and radon activity in Kuthiran hills.
Peer Learning and Mentorship for Neonatal Management Skills: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Data Santorino , Mirette Dube , Cherop Moses , Bajunirwe Francis , Kyakwera Catherine , Robinson Traci , Josephine Najjuma N. , Abesiga Lenard , Namata Tamara , Brenner Jennifer L. , Singhal Nalini , Twine Margaret , Wishart Ian , McIntosh Heather , Cheng Adam 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Clinical knowledge and skills acquired during training programs like Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) and Essential Care for Every Baby (ECEB) decay within weeks or months. We assessed the effect of a peer learning intervention paired with mentorship on retention of HBB and ECEB skills, knowledge, and teamwork in 5 districts of Uganda.

METHODS
We randomized participants from 36 Ugandan health centers to control and intervention arms. Intervention participants received HBB and ECEB training, a 1 day peer learning course, peer practice scenarios for facility-based practice, and mentorship visits at 2 to 3 and 6 to 7 months. Control arm participants received HBB and ECEB training alone. We assessed clinical skills, knowledge, and teamwork immediately before and after HBB/ECEB training and at 12 months.

RESULTS
Peer learning (intervention) participants demonstrated higher HBB and ECEB skills scores at 12 months compared with control (HBB: intervention, 57.9%, control, 48.5%, P = .007; ECEB: intervention, 61.7%, control, 49.9%, P = .004). Knowledge scores decayed in both arms (intervention after course 91.1%, at 12 months 84%, P = .0001; control after course 90.9%, at 12 months 82.9%, P = .0001). This decay at 12 months was not significantly different (intervention 84%, control 82.9%, P = .24). Teamwork skills were similar in both arms immediately after training and at 12 months (intervention after course 72.9%, control after course 67.2%, P = .02; intervention at 12 months 70.7%, control at 12 months 67.9%, P = .19).

CONCLUSIONS
A peer learning intervention resulted in improved HBB and ECEB skills retention after 12 months compared with HBB and ECEB training alone.
Miofibroblastoma epiteloide de mama A propósito de un caso
Authors: Rodríguez Bolaños María Dayë , Mora Segura Esteban 
Published: July 2022

El miofibroblastoma de glándula mamaria es un tipo de tumor mesenquimal benigno1, este grupo de neoplasias sólidas de la mama son infrecuentes, además de poder generar problemas diagnósticos diferenciales especialmente en biopsia por aguja2.
En esta revisión hacemos referencia a un caso de un paciente masculino con diagnóstico de Carcinoma ductal infiltrante en la biopsia por aguja gruesa con diagnóstico patológico de la pieza quirúrgica de miofibroblastoma epiteloide de mama.
Reporte de Caso: Hernia diafragmática traumática durante el embarazo
Authors: Córdoba Vives Sofia 
Published: July 2022

La presentación y el diagnóstico de hernia diafragmática es infrecuente en el adulto. Durante el embarazo este diagnóstico se asocia con un alto riesgo de complicaciones, entre ellas obstrucción intestinal, dificultad respiratoria e incluso muerte materna. Se presenta el caso de una paciente embarazada, a quien se le diagnosticó una hernia diafragmática traumática, se describen tanto los resultados maternos como perinatales.
Crucial issues in developing teacher educators' performance appraisal
Authors: Myint Lay Aye Aye 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Educational research studies show some significant contributions towards improving the quality and productivity of the education sector. With this paper, I would like to do the same by presenting the results of my pilot study on key elements of developing teacher educators' performance appraisal. This study explores a number of issues that can influence appraisal: purposes, setting standards, evaluation instruments, and implementation. The purpose of the study is to reveal what the influencing circumstances in developing teacher educators' performance appraisal are, and how teacher educators perceive the role of staff involvement in developing teacher educators' performance appraisal. In order to fulfil the above goals, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten teacher educators, currently working at two Universities of Education in Myanmar. The interview results revealed that the acceptability of performance criteria is important and academic staff involvement in developing performance appraisal design should be encouraged. Effective leadership, trust, clear and equitable systems can lead to successful appraisal. Finally, the implications are discussed with a focus on designing teacher performance appraisal.
Transformation, reaction and organization of functional nanostructures using solution-based microreactor-assisted nanomaterial deposition for solar photovoltaics
Authors: Doddapaneni V. Vinay K. , Dhas Jeffrey A. , Chang Alvin , Choi Chang-Ho , Han Seung-Yeol , Paul Brian K. , Chang Chih-Hung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicroreactor-Assisted Nanomaterial Deposition (MAND) process offers unique capabilities in achieving large size and shape control levels while providing a more rapid path for scaling via process intensification for nanomaterial production. This review highlights the application of continuous flow microreactors to synthesize, assemble, transform, and deposit nanostructured materials for Solar Photovoltaics, the capabilities of MAND in the field, and the potential outlook of MAND.Microreactor-Assisted Nanomaterial Deposition (MAND) is a promising technology that synthesizes reactive fluxes and nanomaterials to deposit nanostructured materials at the point of use. MAND offers precise control over reaction, organization, and transformation processes to manufacture nanostructured materials with distinct morphologies, structures, and properties. In synthesis, microreactor technology offers large surface-area-to-volume ratios within microchannel structures to accelerate heat and mass transport. This accelerated transport allows for rapid changes in reaction temperatures and concentrations, leading to more uniform heating and mixing in the deposition process. The possibility of synthesizing nanomaterials in the required volumes at the point of application eliminates the need to store and transport potentially hazardous materials. Further, MAND provides new opportunities for tailoring novel nanostructures and nano-shaped features, opening the opportunity to assemble unique nanostructures and nanostructured thin films. MAND processes control the heat transfer, mass transfer, and reaction kinetics using well-defined microstructures of the active unit reactor cell that can be replicated at larger scales to produce higher chemical production volumes. This critical feature opens a promising avenue in developing scalable nanomanufacturing. This paper reviews advances in microreactor-assisted nanomaterial deposition of nanostructured materials for solar photovoltaics. The discussions review the use of microreactors to tailor the reacting flux, transporting to substrate surfaces via controlling process parameters such as flow rates, pH of the precursor solutions, and seed layers on the formation and/or transformation of intermediary reactive molecules, nanoclusters, nanoparticles, and structured assemblies. In the end, the review discusses the use of an industrial scale MAND to apply anti-reflective and anti-soiling coatings on the solar modules in the field and details future outlooks of MAND reactors.
Graphical abstract
The Modern Technologies of Refractive Lenticular Extraction: Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Functional Results
Authors: Doga A. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Maychuk N. V. , Obraztsova M. R. , Malyshev I. S. 
Published: July 2022

Relevance. Today, keratorefractive surgery is a high-tech branch of ophthalmology and provides a predictable, high-precision, stable and safe refractive result in patients with a wide range of refractive disorders.Purpose. To evaluate the clinical and functional results of myopia correction using the technology of fractional lenticular extraction performed using femtosecond VisuMax and LDV Z8 lasers.Materials and methods. Within the framework of this work, 160 patients (160 eyes) with inpatient myopia of medium and high degree were examined and operated, with average keratometry parameters (43.0–45.0 dptr), aged from 18 to 36 years. The follow-up period was 1 month after the operation. The SMILE group was formed: a group of patients who underwent surgery using refractive lenticular extraction technology using a femtosecond VisuMax 500 laser (80 eyes); and the CLEAR group: a group of patients who underwent surgery using refractive lenticular extraction technology using femtosecond laser Femto LDV Z8 (80 eyes).Results and discussion. Operations with SMILE and CLEAR technology were performed in the Department of refractive laser surgery of the FSAU NMIC MNTC “Eye Microsurgery” named after S.N. Fedorov of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow) according to standard protocols. No intraoperative complications were recorded. The analysis of comparable clinical and functional results of myopia correction using the technology of fractional lenticular extraction performed using femtosecond VisuMax and LDV Z8 lasers was carried out.Conclusion. Thus, the analysis of the clinical and functional results of correction of myopia of medium and high degree by the technology of refractive extraction of the lenticle performed using femtosecond lasers VisuMax and LDV Z8 showed their high comparability in terms of efficiency, safety, predictability and stability. A new technology of fractional lenticular extraction using a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the ocular surface at the preoperative stage, which allows to identify and eliminate the changes that have occurred, can be recommended for widespread clinical implementation.
Comparative Analysis of Treatment of Patients with Refractory Glaucoma of Various Stages by Microimpulse Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Ioshin I. E. , Tolchinskaya A. I. , Maximov I. V. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: to analyze the results of treatment in patients with refractory glaucoma of various stages of the disease by microimpulse cyclophotocoagulation.Patients and methods. We examined 43 patients aged 68.5 ± 13.2 years with primary open-angle repeatedly operated subcompensated glaucoma (POAG) of advanced (13) and advanced (30) stages before and after performing MCPC (SUPRA 810 device, QuantelMedical, France) using standard laser parameters: energy W = 2000 MJ, 31.3 % — duty cycle, exposure time — 80 seconds per hemisphere.Results. The operation and postoperative period were uneventful. The hypotensive effect was achieved in all cases up to 6 months of follow-up. In the advanced stage of the disease, IOP decreased from 26.8 ± 7.8 mm Hg to an average of 17.1 ± 8.1 mm Hg (p < 0.05), and the amount of antihypertensive agents decreased from 2.89 ± 0.74 to 2.4 ± 0.6. in patients with advanced stage, IOP decreased from 29.9 ± 7.8 mm Hg to 21.0 ± 8.3 mm Hg (p < 0.05), and the amount of antihypertensive agents decreased from 3.1 ± 0.4 to 2.8 ± 0.5. The maximum corrected visual acuity (MCI) in all patients remained at the preoperative level during the entire follow-up period.Conclusion. Analysis of the results has shown that the use of microcyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory glaucoma has not led to the development of postoperative complications, reduced intraocular pressure by 36.2 % from baseline, when developed and 29.8 % in advanced stages of the disease, reduced the number of antihypertensive drugs was 17 % in the second and 10 % at third stage and have not led to a decrease in visual function at 6 months follow-up. Thus, it is proved that the use of a diode laser in micro-pulse mode during microcyclophotocoagulation is a safe and effective method of treating refractory forms of glaucoma at various stages of the disease.
Discussing Questions of Laser Refractive Surgery in Hyperopia: Literature Review and Clinical Experience
Authors: Maychuk N. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Malyshev I. S. , Obraztsova M. R. 
Published: July 2022

Relevance. Modern keratorefractive surgery is a high-tech field of ophthalmology aimed at solving various problems of correcting a wide range of ametropias.Objective: to formulate recommendations for refractive surgeons when planning the correction of hypermetropic refraction using modern keratorefractive surgery.Materials and methods. An analysis of 20 literature sources and a retrospective analysis of outpatient records of 188 patients with hypermetropia who underwent surgery were carried out.Results. The analysis of the literature and our own clinical study allows us to recommend focusing on the final keratometry after keratorefractive surgery, which should not exceed 48 diopters. Among the analyzed charts of patients in compliance with these criteria, the accuracy of hitting the target refraction in the range of ± 1 D was 98.9 %, the regression did not exceed 0.5 D from that obtained 1 month after surgery in 96.8 %, and the loss of 1 line of BCVA was 3.7 % of cases. Among patients with achieved keratometry above 48 diopters, the loss of line 1 BCVA was 13.8 %, line 2 — 2.7 %.Conclusion. Thus, the tactics of correction of hypermetropia by CRC methods require an integrated approach to the assessment of visual functions, drug preparation for surgery, careful implementation of the surgical stages of the intervention, and rational postoperative pharmacological support.
Modern Ideas about Dysfunction of the Meibomian Glands
Authors: Medvedev I. B. , Trubilin V. N. , Poluninа E. G. , Dergacheva N. N. , Andzhelova D. V. , Evstigneeva Yu. V. , Chinenova K. V. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: to develop a comprehensive method of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treatment, including the periorbital zone massage, aimed to improving the microcirculation of the eyelids and the functional activity of the meibomian glands, evaluating its effectiveness and safety.Patients and methods. The study included 92 patients (184 eyes) with all forms of permanent residence in accordance with the international classification of the DEWS working group, 32 of them were men and 60 women. All patients included in the study at the first stage of work were randomly divided into 3 groups, depending on the type of therapy. The first group included 34 patients (68 eye), in which complex therapy was carried out in the form of eyelid hygiene + massage in the periorbital zone according to the methodology developed during the study, the second group included 30 patients (60 eyes) who underwent IPL therapy (the use of intense pulsed light in the periorbital zone), the third group included 28 patients (56 eyes) who were treated in the form of eyelid hygiene (warm compresses + eyelid self-massage).Results and discussion. A technique of massage in the periorbital zone was developed, its effect on hemodynamic parameters of the eyelids was studied, and to assess its effectiveness, a comparison of hemodynamic parameters of the eyelids was carried out with two other methods of thermal exposure — eyelid hygiene (warm compresses + eyelid self-massage) and IPL therapy. It was found that all three types of exposure — IPL therapy, eyelid hygiene and eyelid hygiene + massage in the periorbital zone, carried out according to the original technique, lead to an increase in hemodynamic parameters of the eyelids and in the lacrimal artery (according to laser Doppler flowmetry and color Doppler mapping) to varying degrees of severity, which should contribute to an increase in the metabolism of Meibomian glands, therefore, and the improvement of their functional activity. At the same time, 3 months after the treatment starting, the improvement of the the meibomian glands’ functional activity of was higher in the group of patients in which IPL therapy and complex effects — eyelid hygiene + massage in the periorbital zone were performed, compared with the group with only eyelid hygiene. However, after 6 months, high indicators of the functional activity of the meibomian glands remained only in the group with complex effects — eyelid hygiene + massage in the periorbital zone. Such a therapeutic effect, according to the results of the study, improves the patients’ quality of life according to data of the SPEED questionnaire and directly depends on adherence to treatment on the Morisky scale (MMAS).Conclusions. The presented complex of therapy can be recommended for wide application in ophthalmological practice for the treatment of dysfunction of the meibomian glands.
The Possibilities of Color Duplex Scanning in the Assessment of Hemodynamic Eye Disorders in Children with Uveitis
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Kiseleva T. N. , Denisova E. V. , Novikova O. V. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: to study the hemodynamic parameters in the eye’s vessels in children with endogenous uveitis, depending on the localization and degree and activity of the inflammatory process.Patients and methods: 67 children aged 6 to 18 years were examined. Of these, 19 people (35 eyes) were diagnosed with anterior uveitis, 20 (38) — peripheral, 8 (14) — posterior, 10 (20) — panuveitis. There were subgroups according to the degree of inflammation activity in each group. There were 10 healthy children (20 eyes) in the control group. The maximum systolic (Vsyst), final diastolic (Vdiast) blood flow rate and resistance index (RI) in the ocular artery (GA), central retinal artery (CAC), posterior short ciliary arteries (ZCCA), central retinal vein (CVS) and superior ocular vein (VGV) were detected with the method of the Color Duplex Scanning (CDR).Results. The maximum systolic and final diastolic blood flow rates in GA decrease, and in panuveitis, on the contrary, increase in anterior uveitis on the location of active inflamation. In panuveitis, the blood flow rate in the HBV also increases. In peripheral uveitis, there is a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood flow rates and an increase in the resistance index in CAC and WCC. With posterior uveitis, the blood flow in the HBV slows down and the RI in the CAC and WCC increases.Conclusion. In children with active uveitis, according to the CDR, hemodynamic changes in the vessels of the eye are observed, it depends on the localization of the inflammatory process. They have multidirectional nature. In most cases, a decrease in blood flow rate and an increase in RI are detected. The study of the eye’s hemodynamics can be an additional criterion for assessing the activity of inflammation and the effectiveness of therapy, as well as differential diagnosis of various localization of the uveitis.