bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health System Disruption at the Primary Health Center Level Affected by Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction in 3 Districts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Wahidin Mugi , Pane Masdalina , Purnama Tri Bayu , Maemun Siti , Egawa Shinichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
An earthquake followed by tsunami and liquefaction on September 28, 2018, in Central Sulawesi caused health system disruptions. This study aimed to know health system disruption at the primary health center (PHC) level due to the disaster in 3 districts (Palu, Sigi, Donggala) of Central Sulawesi.

Methods:
This was a qualitative study conducted in March 2019 involving 36 PHCs. Data were collected through interview of PHC officers using a structured questionnaire. Variables included disruption of management, budget, human resources, drug supply, Early Warning Alert and Response System (EWARS) of epidemic prone disease (EPD), human resource migration, health facility damage, and health facility access. Descriptive analysis was conducted to define disruption for a 1-y projection.

Results:
Health system disruptions in Palu affected management, budget, human resources, EWARS, health facility damage, and health access; occurred within 1-2 mo; and were projected to become better after 6 mo. Problems in Sigi were management, human resources, drug supply, EPD, and EWARS for 1 mo after disaster and were projected to be better after 2 mo. The problems in Donggala were health services access, management, human resources for 1 mo after the disaster and were projected to be normal after 2 mo.

Conclusions:
Health system disruptions occurred in Central Sulawesi Province at the PHC level within 1-2 mo and were projected to become better after 3 mo in most PHCs.
Understanding demonstrative reference in text: a new taxonomy based on a new corpus
Authors: Maes Alfons , Krahmer Emiel , Peeters David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndophoric demonstratives such asthisandthatare among the most frequently used words in written texts. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how exactly they should be subdivided and classified in terms of their different types of use. Here, we develop a new taxonomy of endophoric demonstratives based on a large-scale corpus including three written genres: news items, encyclopedic texts, and book reviews. The taxonomy enables analysts to reliably code endophoric demonstratives based on objectively applicable criteria, while at the same time making them aware of many subtle borderline cases. We consider the taxonomy as a theoretical foundation for future theoretical and empirical work into endophoric demonstratives, and as an analytical tool allowing researchers to unify and compare the results of studies on endophoric demonstratives coming from different genres and languages.
Patients’ experience of necrotising otitis externa: a qualitative study
Authors: Owen E , Abrar R , Stapleton E 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNecrotising otitis externa is a serious infective condition. Patients are typically frail, diagnostic delay is common and severe pain is a key feature. This study aimed to qualitatively analyse patient-centred data to identify key themes in the patient's experience.MethodsOpen-ended questionnaires were sent to 28 patients. Responses were qualitatively analysed using a grounded theory approach. Iterative cycles were used to develop codes using a constant comparison technique. Emerging categories were refined to identify core themes.ResultsFour main themes emerged: severe pain, mental health, quality of life and diagnostic delays.ConclusionThis is the first study to explore patients’ perspectives in necrotising otitis externa. It indicates a need to raise awareness of necrotising otitis externa, and to improve symptom management, pain control and quality of life. This valuable information can be used to identify research priorities, guide service improvements, improve clinical care and feed into the development of a Core Outcome Set for necrotising otitis externa.
The cancer/testis antigen HORMAD1 mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition to promote tumor growth and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in lung cancer
Authors: Liu Kang , Cheng Li , Zhu Kun , Wang Jinhu , Shu Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cancer/testis antigen HORMAD1 is a mechanical regulator that modulates DNA homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair in multiple cancers. However, the role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of HORMAD1 in lung cancer progression remain unknown. Here, we show that HORMAD1 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and that aberrant HORMAD1 expression predicts poor prognosis. We further demonstrate that HORMAD1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that HORMAD1 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing the phosphorylation level of AKT at Ser473 and that of GSK-3β at Ser9 in lung cancer cells, which decreases the phosphorylation level of β-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41, enhances the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and its transcriptional activity, consequently promoting EMT and lung cancer growth and metastasis. Our results provide new insights into the functional role and regulatory mechanism of HORMAD1 in lung cancer progression and identify HORMAD1 as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer.
GRP78 blockade overcomes intrinsic resistance to UBA1 inhibitor TAK-243 in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wu Runqiu , Tian Cong , Wang Wanzhou , Zhou Lingni , Guo Tongxuan , Yu Jiefeng , Wu Changyong , Shen Yang , Liu Xuejiao , Yu Rutong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor of the central nervous system. Despite continuous progression in treatment options for GBM like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, this disease still has a high rate of recurrence. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway is associated with chemotherapeutic drug resistance. The UBA1 inhibitor TAK-243 can induce strong ER stress. However, the sensitivity of TAK-243 varies greatly in different tumor cells. This study evaluated the antitumor effects of the GRP78 inhibitor, HA15, combined with TAK-243 on GBM in the preclinical models. HA15 synergistically enhanced the sensitivity of GBM cells to TAK-243. When compared with TAK-243 monotherapy, HA15 combined with TAK-243 significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation. It also induced G2/M-phase arrest in the cell cycle. In vivo studies showed that HA15 combined with TAK-243 significantly inhibited the growth of intracranial GBM and prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, HA15 and TAK-243 synergistically activated the PERK/ATF4 and IRE1α/XBP1 signaling axes, thereby eventually activating PARP and the Caspase families, which induced cell apoptosis. Our data provided a new strategy for improving the sensitivity of GBM to TAK-243 treatment and experimental basis for further clinical trials to evaluate this combination therapy.
Short- and long-range interactions in the HIV-1 5′ UTR regulate genome dimerization and packaging
Authors: Ye Liqing , Gribling-Burrer Anne-Sophie , Bohn Patrick , Kibe Anuja , Börtlein Charlene , Ambi Uddhav B. , Ahmad Shazeb , Olguin-Nava Marco , Smith Maureen , Caliskan Neva , von Kleist Max , Smyth Redmond P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRNA dimerization is the noncovalent association of two human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genomes. It is a conserved step in the HIV-1 life cycle and assumed to be a prerequisite for binding to the viral structural protein Pr55Gag during genome packaging. Here, we developed functional analysis of RNA structure-sequencing (FARS-seq) to comprehensively identify sequences and structures within the HIV-1 5′ untranslated region (UTR) that regulate this critical step. Using FARS-seq, we found nucleotides important for dimerization throughout the HIV-1 5′ UTR and identified distinct structural conformations in monomeric and dimeric RNA. In the dimeric RNA, key functional domains, such as stem-loop 1 (SL1), polyadenylation signal (polyA) and primer binding site (PBS), folded into independent structural motifs. In the monomeric RNA, SL1 was reconfigured into long- and short-range base pairings with polyA and PBS, respectively. We show that these interactions disrupt genome packaging, and additionally show that the PBS–SL1 interaction unexpectedly couples the PBS with dimerization and Pr55Gag binding. Altogether, our data provide insights into late stages of HIV-1 life cycle and a mechanistic explanation for the link between RNA dimerization and packaging.
Seasonality and reduced nitric oxide titration dominated ozone increase during COVID-19 lockdown in eastern China
Authors: Wang Hongli , Huang Cheng , Tao Wei , Gao Yaqin , Wang Siwen , Jing Shengao , Wang Wenjie , Yan Rusha , Wang Qian , An Jingyu , Tian Junjie , Hu Qingyao , Lou Shengrong , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith improving PM2.5 air quality, the tropospheric ozone (O3) has become the top issue of China’s air pollution control. Here, we combine comprehensive observational data analysis with models to unveil the contributions of different processes and precursors to the change of O3 during COVID-19 lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most urbanized megacity regions of eastern China. Despite a 44 to 47% reduction in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) ozone concentrations increase from 28 ppbv in pre-lockdown to 43 ppbv in lockdown period. We reproduce this transition with the WRF-Chem model, which shows that ~80% of the increase in MDA8 is due to meteorological factors (seasonal variation and radiation), and ~20% is due to emission reduction. We find that daytime photochemistry does not lead to an increase but rather a decrease of daytime O3 production during the lockdown. However, the reduced O3 production is overwhelmed by the weakened nitric oxide (NO) titration resulting in a net increase of O3 concentration. Although the emission reduction increases O3 concentration, it leads to a decrease in the Ox (O3 + NO2) concentration, suggesting reduced atmospheric oxidation capacity on a regional scale. The dominant effect of NO titration demonstrates the importance of prioritizing VOCs reduction, especially from solvent usage and the petrochemical industry with high emission ratios of VOCs/NOx.
Reactive nitrogen restructures and weakens microbial controls of soil N2O emissions
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Putz Martina , Tiemann Maren , Hallin Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe global surplus of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in agricultural soils is accelerating nitrous oxide (N2O) emission rates, and may also strongly influence the microbial controls of this greenhouse gas resulting in positive feedbacks that further exacerbate N2O emissions. Yet, the link between legacy effects of Nr on microbial communities and altered regulation of N2O emissions is unclear. By examining soils with legacies of Nr-addition from 14 field experiments with different edaphic backgrounds, we show that increased potential N2O production is associated with specific phylogenetic shifts in communities of frequently occurring soil microbes. Inputs of Nr increased the complexity of microbial co-association networks, and altered the relative importance of biotic and abiotic predictors of potential N2O emissions. Our results provide a link between the microbial legacy of Nr addition and increased N2O emissions by demonstrating that biological controls of N2O emissions were more important in unfertilized soils and that these controls are weakened by increasing resource levels in soil.
A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance
Authors: Allum Felix , Music Valerija , Inhester Ludger , Boll Rebecca , Erk Benjamin , Schmidt Philipp , Baumann Thomas M. , Brenner Günter , Burt Michael , Demekhin Philipp V. , Dörner Simon , Ehresmann Arno , Galler Andreas , Grychtol Patrik , Heathcote David , Kargin Denis , Larsson Mats , Lee Jason W. L. , Li Zheng , Manschwetus Bastian , Marder Lutz , Mason Robert , Meyer Michael , Otto Huda , Passow Christopher , Pietschnig Rudolf , Ramm Daniel , Schubert Kaja , Schwob Lucas , Thomas Richard D. , Vallance Claire , Vidanović Igor , von Korff Schmising Clemens , Wagner René , Walter Peter , Zhaunerchyk Vitali , Rolles Daniel , Bari Sadia , Brouard Mark , Ilchen Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy provides an element-specific probe of molecular structure, as core-electron binding energies are sensitive to the chemical environment. Short-wavelength femtosecond light sources, such as Free-Electron Lasers (FELs), even enable time-resolved site-specific investigations of molecular photochemistry. Here, we study the ultraviolet photodissociation of the prototypical chiral molecule 1-iodo-2-methylbutane, probed by extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) through the ultrafast evolution of the iodine 4d binding energy. Methodologically, we employ electron-ion partial covariance imaging as a technique to isolate otherwise elusive features in a two-dimensional photoelectron spectrum arising from different photofragmentation pathways. The experimental and theoretical results for the time-resolved electron spectra of the 4d3/2 and 4d5/2 atomic and molecular levels that are disentangled by this method provide a key step towards studying structural and chemical changes from a specific spectator site.
Feature extraction of partial discharge in low‐temperature composite insulation based on VMD‐MSE‐IF
Authors: Chen Xi , Shao Xiao , Pan Xin , Luo Gaochao , Bi Maoqiang , Jiang Tianyan , Wei Kang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow‐temperature composite insulation is commonly applied in high‐temperature superconducting apparatus while partial discharge (PD) is found to be an important indicator to reveal insulation statues. In order to extract feature parameters of PD signals more effectively, a method combined variational mode decomposition with multi‐scale entropy and image feature is proposed. Based on the simulated test platform, original and noisy signals of three typical PD defects were obtained and decomposed. Accordingly, relative moments and grayscale co‐occurrence matrix were employed for feature extraction by K‐modal component diagram. Afterwards, new PD feature vectors were obtained by dimension reduction. Finally, effectiveness of different feature extraction methods was evaluated by pattern recognition based on support vector machine and K‐nearest neighbour. Result shows that the proposed feature extraction method has a higher recognition rate by comparison and is robust in processing noisy signals.
Growth of a filament channel by intermittent small-scale magnetic reconnection
Authors: Li H. T. , Cheng X. , Guo J. H. , Yan X. L. , Wang L. F. , Zhong Z. , Li C. , Ding M. D. 
Published: March 2022

Context. A filament channel (FC), a plasma volume where the magnetic field is primarily aligned with the polarity inversion line, is believed to be the pre-eruptive configuration of coronal mass ejections. Nevertheless, evidence for how the FC is formed is still elusive.
Aims. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the build-up of a FC in order to understand its formation mechanism.
Methods. The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) of the Yunnan Observatory and the Optical and Near-infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET) of Nanjing University, as well as the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), are used to study the growth process of the FC. Furthermore, we reconstruct the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) of the active region using the regularized Biot-Savart laws (RBSL) and the magnetofrictional method to reveal the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field properties of the FC.
Results. We find that partial filament materials are quickly transferred to longer magnetic field lines formed by small-scale magnetic reconnection, as evidenced by dot-like Hα and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings and subsequent bidirectional outflow jets, as well as untwisting motions. The Hα and EUV bursts appear repeatedly at the same location and are closely associated with flux cancelation, which occurs between two small-scale opposite polarities and is driven by shearing and converging motions. The 3D NLFFF model reveals that the reconnection takes place in a hyperbolic flux tube that is located above the flux-cancelation site and below the FC.
Conclusions. The FC is gradually built up toward a twisted flux rope via a series of small-scale reconnection events that occur intermittently prior to the eruption.
Zur Übersterblichkeit in Deutschland in den Jahren 2020 und 2021
Authors: Baum Klaus 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungMit dem Ende des Jahres 2020 entbrannte in Deutschland eine Diskussion darüber, inwieweit das vergangene Jahr durch Übersterblichkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Die gegenteiligen Positionen entstanden in erster Linie durch die Art und Weise der Datenverarbeitung. Um systematische Trends der letzten 2 Jahrzehnte zu bereinigen, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die jährlichen Sterbezahlen für Deutschland als Differenz zu denjenigen des Jahres 2000 berechnet und aufgrund der Nichtlinearität eine polynominale Anpassung 2. Ordnung, jeweils für die Gesamtbevölkerung sowie separat für die Gruppen der unter und ab 80-Jährigen durchgeführt. Es ergaben sich für die Anpassungen hohe Bestimmtheitsmaße mit R2 = 0,965 bzw. R2 = 0,982 und R2 = 0,991. Die Residuen der einzelnen Jahre wurden als Unter- bzw. Übersterblichkeit interpretiert. Für die Gesamtbevölkerung ergaben sich Übersterblichkeiten für die Jahre 2020 und 2021 mit 11 500 bzw. 10 468 Toten, die in der Summe vollständig mit den Übersterblichkeiten der ab 80jährigen, abgedeckt ist. Bei der Altersgruppe unter 80 Jahren resultierte in den beiden Jahren keine Übersterblichkeit. Für alle Altersgruppen war die Übersterblichkeit im analysierten Zeitraum im Jahr 2003 prominent.
Seltene Ursache für ein postrenales Nierenversagen
Authors: Metzen Maike , Kowar Michael , Solleder Gerold , Wilhelm Kai , Jacobs Andreas H. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Der folgende Case Report berichtet über die Aufnahme eines Patienten mit einem akut auf chronischen Nierenversagen unter BCG-(Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin)-Erhaltungstherapie bei bekanntem Blasenkarzinom mit sonografisch dargestelltem Harnstau II.–III. Grades ohne Restharn. Die zystoskopisch nachweisbare beidseitige intramurale Engstelle kann im Rahmen der BCG-Therapie gedeutet werden.
Therapie und Verlauf Es folgte die Anlage einer Doppel-J-Schiene, worunter sich die Nierenretentions-Parameter schnell besserten.
Folgerung Ein postrenales Nierenversagen ist mit 5 % eher selten, wobei in der differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegung neben anderen Ursachen auch eine medikamentös-induzierte Ursache (z. B. BCG) einzubeziehen ist.
Compost and biochar impact on immobilisation of pesticide residues in alkaline soils under canola (
Authors: Mahmoud E. , Amine H. , Khalafallah N. , EL-Sharkawy M. 
Published: March 2022

Context The application of soil amendments to immobilise pesticide residues is a promising technology for meeting human health requirements, environmental protection and cost-effective remediation. Aims This study aims to evaluate the effect of rice straw biochar (RB), rice straw compost (RC) and their mixtures at rates of 0.5% and 1.0% in pots, on the immobilisation of pesticides (such as atrazine, glyphosate and chlorpyrifos) in contaminated soil, using spectroscopy analysis under grown canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Methods Determination of immobilisation of pesticide residues by GC or HPLC and chemical properties of RB and RC and adding them at differentrates to the contaminated soil. Keyresults The results showed that the addition of RB or RC alone or their mixtures led to a significant increase in the exchangeable Ca2+ contents, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), uptake of N, P and K and dry weight of canola plants. Pesticide concentrations decreased with increasing OM, CEC, and exchangeable Ca2+ with the soil amended by RC and RB. The data indicated that adding RB at levels of 0.5% and 1.0% resulted in reductions in chloropyrifos by 43.2% and 63.1%, glyphosate by 32.8% and 77.3%, and atrazine by 21.9% and 72.2%, respectively, as compared to the control. Addition of (RC + RB) at 0.5% gave the highest pesticide immobilisation, followed (RC+RB) at 1.0%. Conclusion These results indicate that the dominant mechanisms of pesticides immobilisation in the alkaline soils amended with RC and RB by FTIR and XRD analysis were π–π interaction, pore filling, hydrophobic effect, H-bonding, degradation as well as improvement of soil properties and dry yield of canola plants. Implications Our results suggested the possibility of adding recycled rice straw in the form of compost or biochar to the contaminated soil to improve its properties, immobilise pesticides and increase its production capacity.
What influences influence?
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Ham Jaap 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This special issue addresses how aspects of the communicative situation influence how influential persuasive
utterances (or other strategies of influence) are in their contexts of use. Specifically, we study the effects of interactional,
speaker-, addressee- and channel-related factors and of the interpersonal relationship between speaker and hearer, as well as the
effects of referring to the shared context itself. The papers combined in this special issue provide evidence for the considerable
impact of the here and now of the interactional context on the persuasiveness of strategies of influence and contribute to our
understanding of mechanisms of persuasion.
Persuasion in science communication
Authors: Hanauska Monika , Leßmöllmann Annette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScience communication has gained high importance in the current knowledge and risk society. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of qualitative studies on how non-experts and experts engage in opinionated scientific debates and which linguistic devices they use to gain influence on other people’s attitudes toward a scientific issue.In our study, we examine dialogical modes of science communication (i.e. weblogs) used by bloggers and audiences to engage into opinionated discourse about scientific endeavors. As those exchanges easily lead to controversies between different points of views, stances and attitudes, we focus from a rhetorically-driven linguistic perspective on devices to persuade the other participants and readers and to control the discourse. Hence, we ask which linguistic instruments are used to gain influence on influence. The aim of our study is to get deeper insights into the persuasive strategies mainly used in those forms of external science communication.
Influencing robot influence
Authors: Ham Jaap 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the near future, robots will function in social roles and attempt to influence the user’s behavior and / or thinking. The current contribution analyses how to influence robot influence: Persuasive robots can be personalized to make them more effective. We present an overview of (1) the user characteristics to which persuasive robots can be personalized, (2) considering the specific current situation of a user; and (3) the robot characteristics that can be personalized. Thereby, we give an overview of how the persuasive robot’s physical appearance, behavior, (perceived) cognition and affect can be influenced to characteristics of the user (personalized) in order to make the robot more persuasive and thereby to understand better how the persuasive power of an embodied artificial social entity can be influenced.