bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Combination of IGS repro3 Campaign’s Orbit Products Using a Variance Component Estimation Strategy
Authors: Sakic Pierre , Mansur Gustavo , Männel Benjamin , Brack Andreas , Schuh Harald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over the past years, the International GNSS Service (IGS) has put efforts into reprocessing campaigns, reanalyzing the entire data collected by the IGS network since 1994. Using state-of-the-art models and software, the goal is to provide a consistent set of orbits, station coordinates, and earth rotation parameters. Unlike the previous campaigns—namely: repro1 and repro2—, the repro3 includes not only GPS and GLONASS but also the Galileo constellation. The main repro3 objective is the contribution to the next realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2020). To achieve this goal, several Analysis Centers (AC) submitted their own products to the IGS, which are combined to provide the final solutions for each product type. In this contribution, we focus on the combination of the orbit products. We present a consistent orbit solution based on a newly developed combination strategy, where the weights are determined by a Least-Squares Variance Component Estimation (LSVCE). The orbits are intended to be combined in an iterative processing: firstly, by aligning all the products via a Helmert transformation, secondly by defining which satellites will be used in the LSVCE, and finally by normalizing the inverse of the variances as weights that are used to compute a weighted mean. The combination results show an agreement between the different AC’s input orbits around 10 mm for GPS, 30 mm for GLONASS. The combination also highlights the improvement of the Galileo orbit determination over the past decade, the internal precision decreasing from around 35 mm to 16 mm for the most recent weeks. We used Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations for external validation. The combined orbit has one of the best RMS agreements with respect to the SLR measurements (9.1 mm for GLONASS, and 8.3 mm over the last five years of the processed period).
Deskription der ambulanten Plastischen Chirurgie und Handchirurgie
Authors: Kisch Tobias 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Es erfolgt eine Deskription des Status Quo in der Regelversorgung der Fachgebiete Plastische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie. Anschließend wird die Recherche zu Projekten der Besonderen Versorgung in den Fachgebieten erläutert.
Distinctive signals of frustrated dark matter
Authors: Carpenter Linda M. , Murphy Taylor , Tait Tim M. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study a renormalizable model of Dirac fermion dark matter (DM) that communicates with the Standard Model (SM) through a pair of mediators — one scalar, one fermion — in the representation (6, 1, $$ \frac{4}{3} $$

4
3

) of the SM gauge group SU(3)c × SU(2)L × U(1)Y. While such assignments preclude direct coupling of the dark matter to the Standard Model at tree level, we examine the many effective operators generated at one-loop order when the mediators are heavy, and find that they are often phenomenologically relevant. We reinterpret dijet and pair-produced resonance and jets + $$ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}} $$

E
T
miss

searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in order to constrain the mediator sector, and we examine an array of DM constraints ranging from the observed relic density Ωχ$$ {h}_{\mathrm{Planck}}^2 $$

h
Planck
2

to indirect and direct searches for dark matter. Tree-level annihilation, available for DM masses starting at the TeV scale, is required in order to produce Ωχ$$ {h}_{\mathrm{Planck}}^2 $$

h
Planck
2

through freeze-out, but loops — led by the dimension-five DM magnetic dipole moment — are nonetheless able to produce signals large enough to be constrained, particularly by the XENON1T experiment. In some benchmarks, we find a fair amount of parameter space left open by experiment and compatible with freeze-out. In other scenarios, however, the open space is quite small, suggesting a need for further model-building and/or non-standard cosmologies.
Electroweak flavour unification
Authors: Davighi Joe , Tooby-Smith Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We propose that the electroweak and flavour quantum numbers of the Standard Model (SM) could be unified at high energies in an SU(4) × Sp(6)L× Sp(6)R anomaly-free gauge model. All the SM fermions are packaged into two fundamental fields, ΨL ∼ (4,6,1) and ΨR ∼ (4,1,6), thereby explaining the origin of three families of fermions. The SM Higgs, being electroweakly charged, necessarily becomes charged also under flavour when embedded in the UV model. It is therefore natural for its vacuum expectation value to couple only to the third family. The other components of the UV Higgs fields are presumed heavy. Extra scalars are needed to break this symmetry down to the SM, which can proceed via ‘flavour-deconstructed’ gauge groups; for instance, we propose a pattern Sp(6)L→$$ {\prod}_{i=1}^3\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L,i}\to \mathrm{SU}{(2)}_L $$

∏

i
=
1

3

SU

2

L
,
i

→
SU

2

L

for the left-handed factor. When the heavy Higgs components are integrated out, realistic quark Yukawa couplings with in-built hierarchies are naturally generated without any further ingredients, if we assume the various symmetry breaking scalars condense at different scales. The CKM matrix that we compute is not a generic unitary matrix, but it can precisely fit the observed values.
Proportions in Salvatore Caronia Roberti Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Maggio Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 1949 Salvatore Caronia Roberti published the volume Introduzione allo studio della composizione architettonica. It is a compendium of his own studies and research came together in his architecture, testifying to the close interweaving of theory and practice. Caronia Roberti was a student of Ernesto Basile, one of the leading exponents of Art Nouveau, a style in which proportions played a marginal place. He later broke away from the Master’s school to attempt a new path in which geometry and proportion constitute the core of his theoretical research. This study aims to highlights the organic nature of Caronia Roberti’s thought, between architectural history and representation, by restoring a little-known book to collective knowledge.
Influence of the atmospheric plasma spraying parameters on the coating structure and the deposition efficiency of silicon powder
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Zhao Lidong , Heinemann Hendrik , Burbaum Elisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSilicon coatings are usually produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and used as bond coats in environmental barrier coatings. The deposition efficiency (DE) of silicon powders is generally at a low level in APS processes. The reasons for the low DE values of silicon powders have not been sufficiently investigated in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the influence of process parameters on the coating structure and deposition efficiency of a silicon powder processed with APS. A silicon powder with a size distribution of f = –53 + 15 µm was sprayed using a three-cathode plasma generator to produce coatings. The parameters such as plasma gas type, plasma gas flow rate and current intensity were varied widely. Accordingly, the power of the plasma generator increased from P = 19.4 to 51.3 kW, which allowed different melting and evaporation degrees of the powder. Particle velocities and temperatures were measured using a particle diagnostic method. The coatings were investigated in terms of their surfaces and structures using electron scanning microscopy (SEM). The porosities of the coatings were measured using an image analysis system. The deposition efficiency of the processed powder was determined. The results show that the used parameters led to high particle velocities in a range of about vp = 270–360 m/s. High particle temperatures of Tp = 2,650–3,390 °C were determined. The coating porosity varied from Φ = 2% to Φ = 15%. The porosity value of Φ = 2% is significantly lower than the values reported in the literature. The deposition efficiency of the powder changed from DE = 1.5% to DE = 28%. The value of DE = 28% is about 40% higher than the values reported in the literature. The strong grit-blasting effect was the main reason for the lowest DE value of DE = 1.5%. The strong evaporation effect was the main reason for the second lowest DE value of DE = 11.1%. Numerous melted particles and semi-melted particles splashed upon impact with the substrate, resulting in silicon melt loss. In addition, solid cores of semi-molten particles could bounce off, which also resulted in silicon loss. Splashing and bouncing were the main factors affecting DE for the parameter sets with DE values ranging from 18.7% to 28%.
Spine injections: the rationale for CT guidance
Authors: Bogdanovic Sanja , Sutter Reto , Zubler Veronika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Back pain is one of the most common medical problems and is associated with high socioeconomic costs. Imaging-guided spinal injections are a minimally invasive method to evaluate where the back pain is originating from, and to treat patients with radicular pain or spinal stenosis with infiltration of corticosteroids. CT-guided spine injections are a safe procedure, characterized by precise needle placement, excellent visualization of the relevant anatomical structures, and low radiation exposure for the patient and the interventional radiologist. In this review article, the variety of applications of CT-guided injections (focused on nerve roots and epidural injections) and the optimal injection procedure as well as risks and side effects are discussed.
Thumb reconstruction after radical tumor resection using free osteocutaneous lateral arm flap with secondary humerus fracture—a case report
Authors: Martin Judy , Taqatqeh Feras , Dragu Adrian , Notov Dmitry , Fritzsche Hagen , Grigorescu Oana , Bota Olimpiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Malignant diseases with infiltration of bony structures in the area of the phalanges or metacarpals require either amputation or complex reconstruction. The decision for reconstruction means to restore length, mobility, sensibility, stability as well as aesthetics.

Methods
We present a case of complex first ray reconstruction of the left hand using a free osteocutaneous lateral arm flap from the ipsilateral side. The reconstruction was performed after radical resection of an exulcerated squamous cell carcinoma, including the first metacarpal bone, trapezium, partial trapezoid and distal scaphoid as well as partial resection of the extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus and flexor carpi radialis tendons. The osteosynthetic restoration was achieved distally by a double wire cerclage and a proximally by temporary K-wire suspension. Moreover, to reconstruct the extensor pollicis longus tendon the ipsilateral palmaris longus tendon was harvested and used. Postoperatively, a secondary humerus fracture occurred, which was initially attended by plate osteosynthesis. The fracture showed delayed healing, which was treated by re-plating and autologous cancellous bone.

Results
12 months postoperatively, the patient showed an excellent outcome with length preservation and good range of motion, sensibility, stability and aesthetic of the thumb. Furthermore, the quarterly tumor aftercare showed no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion
This case report showed that the free osteocutaneous lateral arm flap is a reliable solution for the reconstruction of the first ray with a great functional and aesthetic outcome. To prevent a secondary humerus fracture, a preventive plate osteosynthesis simultaneous with the osteocutaneous flap elevation should be considered.
Technology-driven approaches for meiosis research in tomato and wild relatives
Authors: Peters Sander A. , Underwood Charles J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMeiosis is a specialized cell division during reproduction where one round of chromosomal replication is followed by genetic recombination and two rounds of segregation to generate recombined, ploidy-reduced spores. Meiosis is crucial to the generation of new allelic combinations in natural populations and artificial breeding programs. Several plant species are used in meiosis research including the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) which is a globally important crop species. Here we outline the unique combination of attributes that make tomato a powerful model system for meiosis research. These include the well-characterized behavior of chromosomes during tomato meiosis, readily available genomics resources, capacity for genome editing, clonal propagation techniques, lack of recent polyploidy and the possibility to generate hybrids with twelve related wild species. We propose that further exploitation of genome bioinformatics, genome editing and artificial intelligence in tomato will help advance the field of plant meiosis research. Ultimately this will help address emerging themes including the evolution of meiosis, how recombination landscapes are determined, and the effect of temperature on meiosis.
Gemeinsame Verhüttung von Chalkopyrit und Antimonit in einer Schmelzgrube
Authors: Thurner Manuela , Strobl Susanne , Haubner Roland 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungEs wurde ein Verhüttungsversuch mit Chalkopyrit und Antimonit durchgeführt, um Rückschlüsse auf prähistorische Verhüttungsmethoden ziehen zu können. Chalkopyrit und Antimonit wurden teilweise geröstet und anschließend im Holzkohlenfeuer aufgeschmolzen. Im Schmelztiegel bildeten sich dabei drei Zonen aus: eine metallische Phase, die überwiegend aus metallischem Sb besteht, ein Bereich, der aus Mischungen von Cu- und Fe-Sulfiden zusammengesetzt ist, sowie einer Schlacke, die neben Fayalit auch noch nicht umgesetztes SiO2 enthält.Dieses Ergebnis entspricht thermodynamischen Überlegungen, aufgrund derer sich beim Aufschmelzen gerösteter Cu- und Sb-Erze unter Holzkohle metallisches Sb sowie Cu- und Fe-Sulfide bilden sollten. Auch die gebildete Fayalitschlacke entspricht den Erfahrungen aus der Kupferverhüttung.Da bei diesem Verhüttungsversuch kein metallischer Gusskuchen aus Kupfer sondern ein Gemisch aus Cu- und Fe-Sulfiden entstanden ist, konnte keine Vereinfachung der Kupferverhüttung, im Vergleich zur klassischen Chalkopyritverhüttung, erzielt werden. Daher ist auch nicht anzunehmen, dass in prähistorischen Zeiten Chalkopyrit und Antimonit gemeinsam verhüttet wurden.
Austrian treatment algorithms in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a 2022 update
Authors: Rinnerthaler Gabriel , Singer Christian , Petru Edgar , Egle Daniel , Petzer Andreas , Pluschnig Ursula , Gampenrieder Simon Peter , Pfeiler Georg , Gnant Michael , Grünberger Birgit , Krippl Peter , Strasser-Weippl Kathrin , Suppan Christoph , Brunner Christine , Pusch Renate , Sandholzer Margit , Balic Marija , Bartsch Rupert 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn the past 12 months a plethora of relevant novel data for the treatment of metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer were published. To bring this new evidence into a clinical perspective, a group of Austrian breast cancer specialists updated their previously published treatment algorithm for those patients. For this consensus paper a total of eight scenarios were developed in which treatment strategies appropriate for specific patient profiles were evaluated. Consensus was established by detailed discussions of each scenario and by reaching full consensus.
Attitudes, attributions, and usage patterns of primary care patients with regard to over-the-counter drugs—a survey in Germany
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: September 2022

SummaryStudies show that over-the-counter drugs are widely used by consumers. Moreover, there is a huge selection available and they are prominently featured in advertising. To date, there exist only a few studies that shed light on the attitudes, attributions, and usage patterns of patients with regard to use of over-the-counter drugs. An anonymized explorative waiting room survey was conducted among 900 patients in 60 GP practices in the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, and Rhineland-Palatinate. As well as the descriptive analysis, a t test was applied to independent random samples, in order to identify significant differences between two groups. 65% of respondents reported using over-the-counter drugs frequently or occasionally. With regard to effects, risks, and side effects, 54% state that they usually take advice from their GP and/or pharmacist before purchasing or taking over-the-counter preparations. For 56%, the package information leaflet is a frequent source of information about the over-the-counter drugs used. The respondents consider over-the-counter preparations to be particularly suitable for (preventive) treatment of colds, flu symptoms, and pain management. The widespread perception of over-the-counter drugs as simple to use (62%), low-dose (69%), and low-efficacy (73%) products does not always correspond to the actual capabilities and risks of over-the-counter self-medication. Given the easy availability of over-the-counter drugs and their strong presence in advertising, it is important that patients have a realistic idea of the capabilities and risks of over-the-counter products. In addition to the advice provided by pharmacists, the trusting, long-standing support provided by GPs and their ongoing information and advice services play a central role in this. It would be advisable to give more attention to this public health concern and to promote initiatives to make patients more aware of the risks regarding consumption of drugs without medical consultation.
Effects of water droplet injection on turbulent premixed flame propagation: a direct numerical simulation investigation
Authors: Ozel-Erol Gulcan , Hasslberger Josef , Chakraborty Nilanjan , Klein Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe influence of water droplet injection on the propagation rate of statistically planar stoichiometric n-heptane-air flames has been analysed based on three-dimensional carrier phase Direct Numerical Simulations for different turbulence intensities and different initially mono-sized droplets. It has been found that most water droplets do not completely evaporate within the flame due to their large latent heat of evaporation for the conditions considered here. Thus, the cooling effect due to the extraction of latent heat during the evaporation of water droplets dominates over the dilution of the concentration of reactants and gives rise to smaller reaction rate of reaction progress variable and thicker flame front than in the corresponding premixed turbulent flame without droplets. These effects (a) strengthen with decreasing droplet size due to higher rate of evaporation for smaller droplets, but (b) weaken with an increase in turbulence intensity. The interaction of water droplets with the flame affects the density-weighted displacement speed through its reaction and molecular diffusion components and the magnitudes of these components remain much greater than the components due to cross-scalar dissipation rate and two-phase coupling. The flame-water droplet interaction for the parameter range considered here acts to reduce the mean density-weighted displacement speed, consumption speed and turbulent flame speed, and this reduction becomes increasingly prominent with decreasing droplet diameter. However, it has been found that the presence of water droplets does not alter the qualitative nature of the strain rate and curvature dependences of both density-weighted displacement speed and consumption speed for the range of parameters considered here, but the correlation strength is altered by the presence of water droplets.
Genetic correlations between harvest weight and secondary traits in a silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) genetic improvement program
Authors: Hamilton Matthew G. , Yeasin Mohammed , Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan , Delamare-Deboutteville Jérôme , Debnath Partho Pratim , Benzie John A. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 2017, the base population of a family-based silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) genetic improvement program was spawned in Bangladesh. This program aims to improve the growth rate of silver carp under polyculture production systems, through direct selection on the primary trait of harvest-age weight. The objective of this study was to quantify genetic variation in, and genetic correlations between, harvest-age weight (assessed on 8012 fish from 184 families) and a set of secondary traits (assessed on 1603 fish from 175 families). Secondary traits examined included feeding and digestive system traits (i.e. gill raker sponginess and gut length as a ratio of standard length), a morphometric trait (i.e. extent of overlap of pectoral and pelvic fins) and health traits (i.e. presence of Lernaea and prevalence of red spots — sites of inflammation/haemorrhaging). Despite not being under direct selection, genetic change in secondary traits is possible across generations in closed genetic improvement populations as a result of a correlated response to selection for the primary trait (i.e. indirect selection), adaptation to culture conditions, inbreeding and/or genetic drift. It was found that the additive genetic variance within genetic groups was significantly different from zero for all but the studied health traits. Heritability estimates for harvest-age weight and pectoral/pelvic fin overlap were moderate (0.24 and 0.22, respectively) but were low for gill raker score and relative gut length (0.12 and 0.09, respectively). Genetic correlations between harvest-age weight and secondary traits were not significantly different from zero, indicating that selection for harvest-age weight will not result in a correlated response to selection in the studied secondary traits.
Alien and cryptogenic fungi and oomycetes in Austria: an annotated checklist (2nd edition)
Authors: Voglmayr Hermann , Schertler Anna , Essl Franz , Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFungal invasions can have far-reaching consequences, and despite increasing relevance, fungi are notoriously underrepresented in invasion science. Here, we present the second annotated checklist for alien and cryptogenic fungi and oomycetes in Austria. This list contains 375 taxa of which 278 are classified as established; compared to the first checklist from 2002, this amounts to an almost five-fold increase and the number of decade-wise first records is steadily rising since the mid-twentieth century. The introduction pathway is unclear for the vast majority of taxa, while the main means of spread within the country is unassisted secondary spread. Fungi were predominantly introduced from the Northern Hemisphere, especially North America and Temperate Asia. Rates of newly recorded alien fungi differ among phyla; the majority belongs to the Ascomycota, which experienced an 9.6-fold increase in numbers. Orders found most frequently are powdery mildews (Erysiphales, Ascomycota), downy mildews (Peronosporales, Oomycota), agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), Mycosphaerellales (Ascomycota), rusts (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) and Pleosporales (Ascomycota). The majority (about 80%) of the taxa are plant pathogens, while animal pathogens are few but severely affecting their native hosts. The dominance of pathogens in our checklist underlines the need of better tackling fungal invasions—especially in the light of emerging infectious diseases—and highlights potential knowledge gaps for ectomycorrhizal and saprobic alien fungi, whose invasion processes are often much more inconspicuous. Our results show that fungal invasions are a phenomenon of increasing importance, and collaborative efforts are needed for advancing the knowledge and management of this important group.