bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target sequence capture data shed light on the deeper evolutionary relationship on the subgenus Chamaecerasus of Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: Sun Qing-Hui , Morales-Briones Diego F. , Wang Hong-Xin , Landis Jacob B. , Wen Jun , Wang Hua-Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe genus Lonicera L. is widely distributed and is well-known for its high species richness and morphological diversity. Previous studies have suggested that many sections of Lonicera are not monophyletic and phylogenetic relationships within the genus are still poorly known. In this study, we sampled 37 accessions of Lonicera, covering four sections of subgenus Chamaecerasus plus six outgroup taxa to recover the main clades of Lonicera based on sequences of nuclear loci generated by target enrichment and cpDNA from genome skimming. We found extensive cytonuclear discordance across the subgenus. Both nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses supported subgenus Chamaecerasus sister to subgenus Lonicera. Within subgenus Chamaecerasus, sections Isika and Niatoon were polyphyletic. Based on the nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies we propose to merge Lonicera korolkowii into section Coeloxylosteum and Lonicera caerulea into section Nintooa. In addition, Lonicera is estimated to have originated in the late Miocene (19.84 Ma). The stem age of section Nintooa was estimated to be 17.97 Ma (95% HPD: 13.31- 22.89). The stem age of subgenus Lonicera was estimated to be 16.35 Ma (95% HPD: 9.33- 45.15). Ancestral area reconstruction analyses indicate that Lonicera originated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP) and Asia, with subsequent dispersal into other areas. The aridification of the Asian interior possibly promoted the rapid radiation of Lonicera within this region, and the uplift of the QTP appears to have triggered the dispersal and recent rapid diversification of the genus in the QTP and adjacent regions. Overall, this study provides new insights into the taxonomically complex lineages of Lonicera at the section level and the process of speciation.
Pervasive SUMOylation of heterochromatin and piRNA pathway proteins
Authors: Ninova Maria , Holmes Hannah , Lomenick Brett , Fejes-Tóth Katalin , Aravin Alexei A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGenome regulation involves complex and highly regulated protein interactions that are often mediated through post-translational modifications (PTMs). SUMOylation – the covalent attachment of thesmallubiquitin-likemodifier (SUMO) – is a conserved PTM in eukaryotes that has been implicated in a number of essential processes such as nuclear import, DNA damage repair, transcriptional control, and chromatin organization. InDrosophila, SUMO is essential for viability and its depletion from the female germline causes infertility associated with global loss of heterochromatin, and illicit upregulation of transposons and lineage-inappropriate genes. However, the specific targets of SUMO and its mechanistic role in different cellular pathways are still poorly understood. Here, we developed a proteomics-based strategy to characterize the SUMOylated proteome inDrosophilathat allowed us to identify ~1500 SUMO sites in 843 proteins in the fly ovary. A high-confidence set of SUMOylated proteins is highly enriched in factors involved in heterochromatin regulation and several different aspects of the piRNA pathway that represses transposons, including piRNA biogenesis and function. Furthermore, we show that SUMOylation of several piRNA pathway proteins occurs in a Piwi-dependent manner, indicating a functional implication of this modification in the cellular response to transposon activity. Together, these data highlight the impact of SUMOylation on epigenetic regulation and reveal an unexpectedly broad role of the SUMO pathway in the cellular defense against genomic parasites. Finally, this work provides a valuable resource and a system that can be adapted to the study of SUMOylation in otherDrosophilatissues.
Evaluating methods for estimating the proportion of adaptive amino acid substitutions
Authors: Al-Saffar Samer I. , Hahn Matthew W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA long-standing debate in molecular evolution concerns the role of adaptation in shaping divergence between species. A number of approaches have been developed to estimate the proportion of amino acid substitutions between species (α) that are driven by adaptive natural selection. These methods vary in the type of data they use and in the modeling strategies they employ in their inference. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of nine different methods for estimating α, using data simulated in the presence of linked selection. We find that methods that model the distribution of fitness effect (DFE) of both deleterious (as a gamma distribution) and beneficial mutations (as a gamma or exponential distribution) are the most accurate. We applied these methods to whole-genome data, finding that the most accurate methods gave average values of α=0.25 in Arabidopsis thaliana, 0.5 in Drosophila melanogaster, and 0.1 in Homo sapiens. We also applied these methods to analyze subsets of tissue-specific genes in A. thaliana that are believed to be under different selective pressures and on genes found on the X vs. autosomes in D. melanogaster. We find estimates of α to be higher in the seeds than in other specialized organs, supporting inferences of conflict-driven adaptive evolution in genes expressed in the seed; we also find α to be higher on the X chromosome, supporting previous inferences of faster-X evolution. Overall, our results suggest that there are multiple methods that provide accurate estimates of α, providing a guide for future estimates of adaptive evolution.
Limosilactobacillus fermentum-fermented ginseng improved antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and the gut microbiota profiles of rats
Authors: Qu Qingsong , Zhao Chongyan , Yang Cuiting , Zhou Qing , Liu Xing , Yang Pengshuo , Yang Fang , Shi Xinyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study investigated the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus fermentum-fermented ginseng for improving colitis and the gut microbiota profiles in rats and explored the benefits of the L. fermentum fermentation process to ginseng.

Methods and results
Ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside from fermented ginseng were analysed by UV and HPLC. Antibiotic-fed rats were treated with fermented ginseng and a L. fermentum–ginseng mixture. Histopathology- and immune-related factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) of the colon were assayed by using pathological sections and ELISA. After treatment, fermented ginseng relieved the symptoms of antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and colon inflammation, and the expression of colon immune factors returned to normal. The gut microbial communities were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the alterations in the gut microbiota returned to normal. In addition, the gut microbiota changes were correlated with immune factor expression after treatment. The fermented ginseng had better biological functions than a L. fermentum–ginseng mixture.

Conclusions
Fermented ginseng can relieve diarrhoea and colon inflammation and restore the gut microbiota to its original state. The process of L. fermentum fermentation can expand the therapeutic use of ginseng.

Significance and impact of the study
This research suggested the potential function of fermented ginseng to relieve diarrhoea and recover the gut microbiota to a normal level and explored the benefits of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum fermentation process to ginseng.
Young People’s Embodied Hope in Pandemic Threats
Authors: Christian Ivan , Susanta Yohanes Krismantyo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Young people today are both likely to bear the brunt of the long-term problems caused by the covid-19 pandemic and face other kinds of outbreaks or pandemics in the future. In that kind of unprecedented situation, the world offers us hope to recover from today’s pandemic and to prevent other outbreaks or pandemics in the future. This study will focus on a theological reflection on hope concerning pandemic threats offered in popular culture. Specifically, using the revised correlational method, this study will explore how the theological reflection on the concept of hope in Netflix’s Pandemic docuseries could help young people to live with an embodied hope in a pandemic threat. This theological reflection will offer embodied hope as a theological perspective for young people to embody their limitations as embodied beings while enacting their eschatological hope in pandemic threats.
One Versus Two Stents Strategies for Unprotected Left Main Intervention: Gulf Left Main Registry
Authors: Alasmari Abdulaziz , Iskandar Mina , Daoulah Amin , Hersi Ahmad S. , Alshehri Mohammed , Aljohar Alwaleed , Al Garni Turki , Abuelatta Reda , Yousif Nooraldaem , Almahmeed Wael , Kazim Hameedullah M. , Refaat Wael , Selim Ehab , Alzahrani Badr , Alqahtani Abdulrahman H. , Ajaz Ghani Mohamed , Amin Haitham , Hashmani Shahrukh , El-Sayed Osama , Jamjoom Ahmed , Hurley William T. , Dahdouh Ziad , Aithal Jairam , Ahmad Osama , Ramadan Mohamed , Ibrahim Ahmed M. , Elganady Abdelmaksoud , Qutub Mohammed A. , Alama Mohamed N. , Abohasan Abdulwali , Hassan Taher , Balghith Mohammed , Altnji Issam , Hussien Adnan Fathey , Abdulhabeeb Ibrahim A. M. , Qenawi Wael , Shawky Ahmed , Ghonim Ahmed A. , Elmahrouk Ahmed , Hiremath Niranjan , Jameel Naser Maryam , Shawky Abeer M. , Lotfi Amir 
Published: August 2022

The optimal stenting strategy for unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease remains debated. This retrospective observational study (Gulf Left Main Registry) analyzed the outcomes of 1 vs 2 stents in patients with unprotected left main percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Overall, 1222 patients were evaluated; 173 had 1 stent and 1049 had 2 stents. The 2-stent group was older with more comorbidities, higher mean SYNTAX scores, and more distal bifurcation lesions. In the 1-stent group, in-hospital events were significant for major bleeding, and better mean creatinine clearance. At median follow-up of 20 months, the 1-stent group was more likely to have target lesion revascularization (TLR). Total mortality was numerically lower in the 1-stent group (.00% vs 2.10%); however, this was not statistically significant ( P=.068). Our analysis demonstrates the benefits of a 2-stent approach for ULMCA patients with high SYNTAX scores and lesions in both major side branches, while the potential benefit of a 1-stent approach for less complex ULMCA was also observed. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to definitively demonstrate the optimal approach.
What can We Learn From High-Performing Screening Programs to Increase Bowel Cancer Screening Participation in Australia?
Authors: Flander Louisa , Dekker Evelien , Andersen Berit , Larsen Mette Bach , Steele Robert J , Malila Nea , Sarkeala Tytti , van der Vlugt Manon , de Klerk Clasine , Knottnerus Bart , Bertels Lucinda , Woudstra Anke , Spaander Manon C.W. , Fransen Mirjam , Heinavaara Sirpa , Dillon Mary , Ait Ouakrim Driss , Jenkins Mark 
Published: August 2022

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men and women and second most common cause of cancer death in Australia; Australia’s CRC incidence and mortality are among the world’s highest. The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program began in 2006; however, only 33% of those approached for the first time by the Program between 2018 and 2019 returned the kit. Of the 5.7 million kits sent during this period, only 44% were returned. Our aim was to identify practices and features of national bowel cancer screening programs in countries with similar programs but higher screening participation, to identify potential interventions for optimising Australian CRC screening participation. Methods We searched published and grey literature for CRC screening programs reporting at least 50% screening participation using postal invitation and free return of iFOBT home kits. Interviews were conducted with cancer registry staff and academic researchers, focused on participant and practitioner engagement in screening. Results National programs in Netherlands, Scotland, Denmark, and Finland reported over 50% screening participation rates for all invitation rounds. Shared characteristics include small populations within small geographic areas relative to Australia; relatively high literacy; a one-sample iFOBT kit; national registration systems for population cancer screening research; and screening program research including randomised trials of program features. Conclusions Apart from the one-sample kit, we identified no single solution to persistent Australian low uptake of screening. Research including randomised trials within the program promises to increase participation. Impact This screening program comparison suggests that within-program intervention trials will lead to increased Australian screening participation.
Open Proximal Endarterectomy with Retrograde Access and Stenting: A Novel Technique for Lower Extremity Revascularization
Authors: Blitzer David N. , Rolle Nicholas P. , Abdou Hossam , Berg Lars , Nagarsheth Khanjan H. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Treatment of chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) poses a significant clinical challenge despite recent medical advancements. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions make endovascular approaches to CLTI particularly challenging. Open proximal exposure with retrograde access and stenting (OPERAS) aims to solve this challenge through retrograde subintimal crossing of a CTO with direct visualization of proximal re-entry into the true lumen. We describe this novel technique and present its efficacy in eight patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series at a single tertiary academic center. Data for patients who received OPERAS intervention included demographics, peri-operative details, and follow-up information. Statistical analysis was performed on length of stay, major post-operative complications, further intervention, clinical progression at 1 year, and amputation-free survival at 1 year. Immediate technical failure (ITF) and limb-based patency (LBP) at 1 year were calculated. Results: Nine limbs underwent OPERAS between January 2019 and March 2020. Inflow was achieved with common femoral artery endarterectomy. All limbs underwent balloon angioplasty and stenting of the SFA, and seven underwent the same procedure in the popliteal artery. ITF was 0% for all nine cases. There were no major post-operative complications, and ankle-brachial index significantly improved pre-and post-operatively ( P < .001). Eight limbs (88.9%) sustained amputation-free survival at 1 year, and overall LBP was 67% at 1 year. Conclusion: Our study presents a hybrid revascularization option to address severe, anatomically complex limbs (GLASS III) that lack a single autogenous conduit for open surgical revascularization. OPERAS addresses a main point of technical failure of subintimal techniques by directly visualizing the wire in the true lumen. Our data suggest that OPERAS can be effective to: (1) improve technical success of luminal re-entry following a subintimal approach; (2) address inflow concurrently with severe femoropopliteal disease; and (3) can be utilized when distal tissue loss is involved.
High-Efficient Spin Injection in GaN at Room Temperature Through A Van der Waals Tunnelling Barrier
Authors: Lin Di , Kang Wenyu , Wu Qipeng , Song Anke , Wu Xuefeng , Liu Guozhen , Wu Jianfeng , Wu Yaping , Li Xu , Wu Zhiming , Cai Duanjun , Yin Jun , Kang Junyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAchieving high-efficient spin injection in semiconductors is critical for developing spintronic devices. Although a tunnel spin injector is typically used, the construction of a high-quality tunnel barrier remains a significant challenge due to the large lattice mismatch between oxides and semiconductors. In this work, van der Waals h-BN films with the atomically flat interface were engaged as the tunnel barrier to achieve high spin polarization in GaN, and the spin injection and transport in GaN were investigated systematically. Based on the Hanle precession and magnetic resistance measurements, CoFeB was determined as an optimal spin polarizer, bilayer h-BN tunnelling barrier was proven to yield a much higher spin polarization than the case of monolayer, and appropriate carrier concentration as well as higher crystal equality of n-GaN could effectively reduce the defect-induced spin scattering to improve the spin transport. The systematic understanding and the high efficiency of spin injection in this work may pave the way to the development of physical connotations and the applications of semiconductor spintronics.
Generalized pulp canal obliteration in a patient on long-term glucocorticoids: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jiandong Ban , Yunxiao Zhang , Zuhua Wang , Yan Hou , Shuangshuang Geng , Junke Li , Hongwei Wang , Hua Xu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe calcification of the tooth pulp is a pathological condition that occurs in response to various factors. A uncommon haematological condition known as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by bouts of haemolysis, and it requires long-term use of glucocorticoids (GCs).Case presentationA female patient who was diagnosed with PNH and had a history of long-term use of GCs came to our department for root canal therapy (RCT) for teeth 25, 26, and 27. The radiographs showed generalized pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in most of the patients. None of these teeth (25, 26, or 27) were sensitive to percussion, and they did not respond to thermal or electrical sensitivity tests. A diagnose of pulp necrosis was made for these teeth. RCT was carried out with the help of an oral microscope, and then a prosthodontic procedure was created for the teeth.ConclusionsBased on the patient’s long history use of GCs and a series of related studies, we conclude that the long-term usage of GCs contributes significantly to the onset of PCO.
Effectiveness of a targeted telephone-based case management service on activity in an Emergency Department in the UK: a pragmatic difference-in-differences evaluation
Authors: Elston Julian , Gradinger Felix P. , Streeter Adam J. , Macey Stephen , Martin Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a targeted telephone-based case management service that aimed to reduce ED attendance amongst frequent attenders, known to disproportionately contribute to demand. Evidence on the effectiveness of these services varies.

Methods
A 24-month controlled before-and-after study, following 808 patients (128 cases and 680 controls (41 were non-compliant)) who were offered the service in the first four months of operation within a UK ED department. Patients stratified as high-risk of reattending ED within 6 months by a predictive model were manually screened. Those positively reviewed were offered a non-clinical, nurse-led, telephone-based health coaching, consisting of care planning, coordination and goal setting for up to 9 months. Service effectiveness was estimated using a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis. Incident rate of ED and Minor Injury Unit (MIU) attendances and average length of stay in intervention recipients and controls over 12 months after receiving their service offer following ED attendance were compared, adjusting for the prior 12-month period, sex and age, to give an incidence rate ratio (IRR).

Results
Intervention recipients were more likely to be female (63.3% versus 55.4%), younger (mean of 69 years versus 76 years), and have higher levels of ED activity (except for MIU) than controls. Mean rates fell between periods for all outcomes (except for MIU attendance). The Intention-to-Treat analysis indicated non-statistically significant effect of the intervention in reducing all outcomes, except for MIU attendances, with IRRs: ED attendances, 0.856 (95% CI: 0.631, 1.160); ED admissions, 0.871 (95% CI: 0.628, 1.208); length of stay for emergency and elective admissions: 0.844 (95% CI: 0.619, 1.151) and 0.781 (95% CI: 0.420, 1.454). MIU attendance increased with an IRR: 2.638 (95% CI: 1.041, 6.680).

Conclusions
Telephone-based health coaching appears to be effective in reducing ED attendances and admissions, with shorter lengths of stay, in intervention recipients over controls. Future studies need to capture outcomes beyond acute activity, and better understand how services like this provide added value.
Lineage tracing shows that cell size asymmetries predict the dorsoventral axis in the sea star embryo
Authors: Barone Vanessa , Byrne Maria , Lyons Deirdre C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cell size asymmetries are often linked to cell fate decisions, due to cell volumes and cell fate determinants being unequally partitioned during asymmetric cell divisions. A clear example is found in the sea urchin embryo, where a characteristic and obvious unequal 4th cleavage generates micromeres, which are necessary for mesendoderm cell fate specification. Unlike sea urchin development, sea star development is generally thought to have only equal cleavage. However, subtle cell size asymmetries can be observed in sea star embryos; whether those cell size asymmetries are consistently produced during sea star development and if they are involved in cell fate decisions remains unknown.

Results
Using confocal live imaging of early embryos we quantified cell size asymmetries in 16-cell stage embryos of two sea star species, Patiria miniata and Patiriella regularis. Using photoconversion to perform lineage tracing, we find that the position of the smallest cells of P. miniata embryos is biased toward anterior ventral tissues. However, both blastomere dissociation and mechanical removal of one small cell do not prevent dorsoventral (DV) axis formation, suggesting that embryos compensate for the loss of those cells and that asymmetrical partitioning of maternal determinants is not strictly necessary for DV patterning. Finally, we show that manipulating cell size to introduce artificial cell size asymmetries is not sufficient to direct the positioning of the future DV axis in P. miniata embryos.

Conclusions
Our results show that although cell size asymmetries are consistently produced during sea star early cleavage and are predictive of the DV axis, they are not necessary to instruct DV axis formation.