bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pūrākau analysis of institutional barriers facing Māori occupational therapy students
Authors: Davis Georgina , Came Heather 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcross Aotearoa (New Zealand), there are chronic shortages of qualified Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa) health practitioners and systemic ethnic health inequities. This study, focussing on the discipline of occupational therapy, explores Māori graduates' recollections of the institutional barriers that impacted on their study in this field over a 25‐year period.MethodsThis qualitative study interviewed seven Māori occupational therapy graduates using pūrākau—an innovative Māori narrative inquiry method. Pūrākau (stories) were collected in 2018 via kanohi ki te kanohi (face to face) semi‐structured interviews. They were analysed using the kaupapa Māori (Māori philosophical) framework of Pū‐Rā‐Ka‐Ū which draws on traditional Māori mātauranga (knowledge).FindingsThe institutional barriers identified were (1) cultural dissonance, (2) cultural (in)competency and (3) the limitations of (Western) pastoral care.ConclusionThis study highlighted how racism is embedded within the Western tertiary education system. To create a safe learning environment for Māori students, tertiary education institutions require a planned approach to address racism within policy, procedures, the curriculum, teaching and professional staff.
Placenta accreta spectrum – variations in clinical practice and maternal morbidity between the UK and France: a population‐based comparative study
Authors: McCall Stephen J. , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Sentilhes Loïc , Ramakrishnan Rema , Collins Sally L. , Seco Aurélien , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Knight Marian , Kayem Gilles 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the management and outcomes of women with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in France and the UK.DesignTwo population‐based cohorts.SettingAll obstetrician‐led hospitals in the UK and maternity hospitals in eight French regions.PopulationA cohort of 219 women with PAS in France and a cohort of 154 women with PAS in the UK.MethodsThe management and outcomes of women with PAS were compared between the UK and France.Main outcome measuresMedian blood loss, severe postpartum haemorrhage (≥3 l), postpartum infection and damage to surrounding organs.ResultsThe management of PAS differed between the two countries: a larger proportion of women with PAS in the UK had a caesarean hysterectomy compared with France (43% vs 26%, p < 0.001), whereas in France a larger proportion of women with PAS received a uterus‐preserving approach compared with the UK (36% vs 19%, p < 0.001). The total median blood loss in the UK was 3 l (IQR 1.7–6.5 l), compared with 1 l (IQR 0.5–2.5 l) in France; more women with PAS had a severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in the UK compared with women with PAS in France (58% vs 21%, p < 0.001) [Correction added on 06 May 2022, after first online publication: ‘24 hour’ has been changed to ‘total’ in the preceding sentence]. There was no difference between the UK and French populations for postpartum infection or organ damage.ConclusionsThe UK and France have very different approaches to managing PAS, with more women in France receiving a uterine‐conserving approach and more women in the UK undergoing caesarean hysterectomy. A life‐threatening haemorrhage was more common in the UK than in France, which may be the result of differential management and/or the organisation of the healthcare systems.In women with placenta accreta spectrum, severe haemorrhage was more common in the UK than in France.Tweetable abstractIn women with placenta accreta spectrum, severe haemorrhage was more common in the UK than in France.
The Netherlands: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: OTJES SIMON , VOERMAN GERRIT 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe political year 2021 represented the most tumultuous period in the Netherlands in nearly two decades. After a relatively uneventful general election, the traditional culture of consensual elite cooperation broke down temporarily. This could be seen in a censure motion adopted against the Prime Minister, which he ignored, and the extremely lengthy coalition formation process, which was paralleled by the gradual decomposition of the caretaker Cabinet. By the end of the year, no new Cabinet had been installed, although the same four parties that had formed the existing government reached a new coalition agreement.
The 24‐hour rhythm in alcohol craving and individual differences in sleep characteristics and alcohol use frequency
Authors: Hisler Garrett C. , Pedersen Sarah L. , Hasler Brant P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence implicates sleep/circadian factors in alcohol use, suggesting the existence of a 24‐h rhythm in alcohol craving, which may vary by individual differences in sleep factors and alcohol use frequency. This study sought to (1) replicate prior findings of a 24‐h rhythm in alcohol craving, and (2) examine whether individual differences in sleep timing, sleep duration, or alcohol use frequency are related to differences in the timing of the peak of the craving rhythm (i.e., the acrophase) or magnitude of fluctuation of the rhythm (i.e., amplitude). Finally, whether such associations varied by sex or racial identity was explored.MethodsTwo‐hundred fifteen adult drinkers (21 to 35 years of age, 72% male, 66% self‐identified as White) completed a baseline assessment of alcohol use frequency and then smartphone reports of alcohol craving intensity six times a day across 10 days. Sleep timing was also recorded each morning of the 10‐day period. Multilevel cosinor analysis was used to test the presence of a 24‐h rhythm and to estimate acrophase and amplitude.ResultsMultilevel cosinor analysis revealed a 24‐h rhythm in alcohol craving. Individual differences in sleep timing or sleep duration did not predict rhythm acrophase or amplitude. However, alcohol use frequency moderated this rhythm wherein individuals who used alcohol more frequently in the 30 days prior to beginning the study had higher mean levels of craving and greater rhythm amplitudes (i.e., greater rhythmic fluctuations). Associations did not vary by sex or racial identity.ConclusionsResults show that alcohol craving exhibits a systematic rhythm over the course of the 24 h and that the frequency of alcohol use may be relevant to the shape of this rhythm. Consideration of daily rhythms in alcohol craving may further our understanding of the mechanisms that drive alcohol use.
Assessment of the validity of the beta‐lactam antibiotic allergy assessment tool for use in the rural context, QLD
Authors: English Karin R. , Knight Kay , Radke Alexandra , Sammells Bethany , Walter Claire , Halliday Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective(s)The objective of the study was to validate a clinical aid to guide the assessment and management of a patient's listed beta‐lactam antibiotic allergy for use in rural areas of Australia.DesignRural generalists, pharmacists and junior doctors completed an online assessment of eight patient case studies using the tool.SettingThe study was conducted in the Southern Downs, QLD.ParticipantsTwenty‐seven rural generalists, nine pharmacists and eight junior doctors.Main outcome measuresThe sensitivity of the selected allergy phenotype and management option for each case study was calculated by profession and overall. Hazardous responses were reported by management category and profession.ResultsThe sensitivity overall for phenotype selection was 82.4% (95% CI, 78.0–86.2) and for management 88.1% (95% CI, 84.2–91.2). The sensitivity for phenotype selection was lower for junior doctors than other professions 73.4% (95% CI, 60.9–83.7), but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.08). A total of 10/308 responses for management recommended the least restrictive option of direct delabelling or oral challenge, where the correct answer was skin prick testing or referral to an allergist.Conclusion(s)With further education the tool could be a key component of increased antimicrobial stewardship in rural areas in Australia.
A Brief Hystery of the Phantasm
Authors: Santiago Christopher 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article traces the radical devaluation of the phantasm throughout Western civilization. With the help of Nietzsche’s critical perspective, I develop a notion ofhysteryas the series of collective traumas repeated in each individual’s growth, whereby the phantasm changes value from psychosomatic interface, to evil incarnate, to disease of learning. Beginning with the Classical episteme represented by Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics, then moving up through the Christian era, I focus primarily on Enlightenment thinkers such as Hobbes and Bacon, who represent the last nail in the imagination’s coffin. The next section examines Nietzsche’s rediscovery of the phantasm and the theoretical contributions of post‐structuralism that follow in Nietzsche’s wake. Juxtaposing Bataille and Deleuze, I look at Deleuze’s early enthusiasm and ultimate betrayal of the phantasm, and I posit Bataille’s emphasis on the affective force of the mythological phantasm as an insurrection to reclaim our experience and life along with it. The article ends with speculation, offering Bruno’s art of memory as an ontic and epistemic alternative to dominant Western hystery, other pasts opening to other possible futures, an ungrounding that paradoxically leads to a restoration of the human house in a re‐enchanted cosmos.
Mutational spectrum of ATRX aberrations in neuroblastoma and associated patient and tumor characteristics
Authors: van Gerven Michael R. , Bozsaky Eva , Matser Yvette A. H. , Vosseberg Julian , Taschner‐Mandl Sabine , Koster Jan , Tytgat Godelieve A. M. , Molenaar Jan J. , van den Boogaard Marlinde 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The chromatin remodeler ATRX is frequently mutated in high‐risk patients with a poor prognosis. Although many studies have reported ATRX aberrations and the associated clinical characteristics in neuroblastoma, a comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this study, we extensively characterize the mutational spectrum of ATRX aberrations in neuroblastoma tumors reported in previous studies and present an overview of patient and tumor characteristics. We collected the data of a total of 127 neuroblastoma patients and three cell lines with ATRX aberrations originating from 20 papers. We subdivide the ATRX aberrations into nonsense, missense, and multiexon deletions (MEDs) and show that 68% of them are MEDs. Of these MEDs, 75% are predicted to be in‐frame. Furthermore, we identify a missense mutational hotspot region in the helicase domain. We also confirm that all three ATRX mutation types are more often identified in patients diagnosed at an older age, but still approximately 40% of the patients are aged 5 years or younger at diagnosis. Surprisingly, we found that 11q deletions are enriched in neuroblastomas with ATRX deletions compared to a reference cohort, but not in neuroblastomas with ATRX point mutations. Taken together, our data emphasizes a distinct ATRX mutation spectrum in neuroblastoma, which should be considered when studying molecular phenotypes and therapeutic strategies.
Discovery of two novel ALKBH5 selective inhibitors that exhibit uncompetitive or competitive type and suppress the growth activity of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Takahashi Hikaru , Hase Hiroaki , Yoshida Takuya , Tashiro Junki , Hirade Yoshihiro , Kitae Kaori , Tsujikawa Kazutake 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA group of RNA methylation enzymes is currently of interest as a new target for cancer therapy. Alpha‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase B (AlkB) homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is an N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation enzyme, and by high‐throughput screening from pure small molecule compounds, we identified two novel inhibitors, Ena15 and Ena21, against it. Each compound showed either uncompetitive or competitive inhibition for 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG). In addition, Ena21 had little inhibitory activity for fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO), which is another N6‑methyladenosine demethylation enzyme, while Ena15 enhanced the demethylase activity of FTO. The predicted binding poses of both compounds with the crystal structure of ALKBH5 (PDB ID: 4NRO) were comparable with these observations pertaining to the interaction of the 2OG catalytic site in this enzyme kinetics. Furthermore, either knockdown of ALKBH5 or inhibition with Ena15 or Ena21 inhibited cell proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme‐derived cell lines, decreased cell population in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle, increased m6A RNA level, and stabilized FOXM1 mRNA. Based on these results, Ena15 and Ena21 were found to be potential candidates that might help in further research into the biological function of ALKBH5.
How children revise their beliefs in light of reasons
Authors: Schleihauf Hanna , Herrmann Esther , Fischer Julia , Engelmann Jan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate how the ability to respond appropriately to reasons provided in discourse develops in young children. In Study 1 (N = 58, Germany, 26 girls), 4‐ and 5‐, but not 3‐year‐old children, differentiated good from bad reasons. In Study 2 (N = 131, Germany, 64 girls), 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children considered both the strength of evidence for their initial belief and the quality of socially provided reasons for an alternative view when deciding whether to change their minds. Study 3 (N = 80, the United States, 42 girls, preregistered) shows that 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children also consider meta‐reasons (reasons about reasons) in their belief revision. These results suggest that by age 4, children possess key critical thinking capacities for participating in public discourse.
Association between moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and lifestyle factors in the Dutch general population
Authors: Zhang Junfen , Loman Laura , Oldhoff Marja , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the association between severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) and lifestyle factors in adults have not been conducted in the Netherlands to date.AimTo explore the association between moderate to severe AD and lifestyle factors in adults in the Dutch general population.MethodsWe conducted this cross-sectional study within the Lifelines Cohort Study by sending a digital AD questionnaire to 135 950 adults in 2020. We extracted data on lifestyle factors from baseline, collected between 2006 and 2013. We analysed the association between lifestyle factors and presence of AD of any severity and of moderate to severe AD, using binary logistic regression and linear regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 56 896 participants (mean age 55.8 years, 39.7% males). The lifetime prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed AD was 9.1%, and the point prevalence of any AD and of moderate to severe AD was 3.3% and 2.3%, respectively. We found that moderate to severe AD was associated with smoking habit of &gt; 15 pack-years, alcohol consumption of &gt; 2 drinks per day, chronic stress, Class I obesity, and both shorter and longer sleep duration. Moreover, we found dose–response associations with increases in smoking pack-years and level of chronic stress. We observed no associations with abdominal obesity, physical activity, diet quality or a vegetarian/vegan diet.ConclusionWe found associations between moderate to severe AD and some modifiable lifestyle factors. Our findings indicate that more screening and counselling for lifestyle factors, particularly smoking, alcohol use, stress, obesity and sleep disturbances, appears warranted in patients with moderate to severe AD. Further longitudinal studies are required to better characterize the direction of these associations and to develop strategies for prevention.
Restored oyster reefs match multiple functions of natural reefs within a decade
Authors: Smith Rachel S. , Lusk Bo , Castorani Max C. N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal declines of foundation species have reduced ecological function at population, community, and ecosystem levels. Restoration of foundation species promises to counter such losses, despite unknown recovery timelines, undefined benchmarks, and uncertainty about whether restored ecosystems approximate natural ones. Here, we demonstrate through a 15‐year large‐scale experiment in coastal Virginia, USA, that restored oyster reefs can quickly recover multiple ecological functions and match natural reefs. Specifically, abundances of oysters and a key crab mesopredator on restored reefs equaled reference reefs in approximately 6 years, indicating that restoration can initiate rapid, sustained recovery of foundation species and associated consumers. As reefs matured and accrued biomass, they became more temporally stable, suggesting that restoration can increase resilience and may stabilize those ecosystem processes that scale with foundation species biomass. Together, these results demonstrate that restoration can catalyze rapid recovery of imperiled coastal foundation species, reclaim lost community interactions, and help reverse decades of degradation.
The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis – correlations and consequences
Authors: Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe physical barrier function of the skin is significantly supported by the (epi‐)dermal immune system and the skin’s own microbiome. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by an imbalance of all these three factors. The skin microbiome establishes itself immediately after birth and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of immune homeostasis. The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis shows, among other things, changes in the skin microbiome. Particularly during an acute phase, a strongly reduced bacterial diversity as well as the dominance of a single pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, is observed. Staphylococcus aureus exacerbates the inflammatory process; furthermore, the bacteria produce proteases and toxins that further weaken the already severely compromised barrier function of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. However, knowledge of dermal dysbiosis also yields new treatment options for the therapy of the disease. In particular, the application of active bacteria represents a direct influence on the skin microbiome. Results of initial clinical studies on various approaches demonstrate promising results; this article provides an overview of work in this area.
Effects of irradiation, restoration and crown fracture type on the maximum load to fracture traumatized incisors: An ex vivo study
Authors: Celik Dursun Pelin , Sengul Fatih , Yilmaz Yucel , Sezen Orhan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsRadiotherapy makes teeth prone to tooth fractures. However, the relationship between radiotherapy and maximum load to fracture teeth that suffered a crown fracture is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fracture type, radiation dose, fracture time, and their interactions on maximum load to fracture irradiated teeth.Material and MethodsA total of 140 permanent incisors were divided into two fracture type groups (uncomplicated and complicated) each of which included seven radiation dose subgroups (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60). The test groups were exposed to high‐energy X‐ray at 2 Gy/day, 5 days/week for a total dose of 10–60 Gy. Control groups were not irradiated. The load where the specimen started to break was obtained two different times. The 1st fracture was performed after radiation therapy, and the 2nd fracture was performed after the restoration of these samples.ResultsFracture type had no effect on the maximum load to fracture. In contrast, the maximum load to fracture teeth decreased with increasing radiation doses. Maximum load to fracture the restored teeth was lower than the 1st fracture results. The general linear model procedure revealed a significant interaction between radiation dose and fracture time. Similarly, there was a significant interaction between the fracture type, radiotherapy dose, and fracture time. Maximum load values of teeth with complicated crown fractures restored with fiber posts and composite were not affected by radiation.ConclusionTeeth that have been subjected to radiotherapy have an increased risk of fracture during dental trauma. However, restoration of the irradiated teeth with fiber posts and composite resin did not affect the maximum load required to fracture them.
Rethinking Agency: Addressing the Complexity of Gun Violence and Education
Authors: Deane Samantha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAddressing the problem of rampage school gun violence, this article aims to problematize how we think about agency, in this case when we assign agency to individual shooters but not to networks or objects. In it, Samantha Deane, working within the new materialist and critical vein of pragmatism, situates agency as both limited and widely distributed. She also draws on Bruno Latour to explore new materialist agency and to explain what it would mean to say things are “agentic.” Then, connecting the work of Michel Foucault and Donna Haraway, she examines how we might account for the productive power of social gender norms in the actor network. Finally, Deane returns to the implications of shared agency by looking at how teachers are trained to carry a gun. She claims that the aim of civic education ought to be the development of a capacity to act within and on our shared and limited agency, in sum, to share responsibility.
Solidarity and mutual aid: Women organizing the “visible hand” urban commons
Authors: Łapniewska Zofia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe involvement of women in the organization and functioning of voluntary self‐help groups and their activity in the forums of these groups on social media during the COVID‐19 pandemic is surprisingly high. In Poland, the share of women involved in the “visible hand” groups was 80 percent. This article is based on the theoretical considerations of solidarity and mutual aid and points to the nexus of women and urban commons. It also presents the results of empirical research, based on mixed methods, devoted to the motivations of members to join affinity groups of this kind in the era of the pandemic as well as their expectations and the perceived benefits and dangers/threats. The obtained results contradict the stereotypical assumption that the high level of participation of women in self‐help groups is related to the reproductive work they perform and the most important motivation for them is community building. There is also a finding related to women's agency, namely that all contemporary social movements mobilize a greater percentage of women. The members of the affinity groups surveyed see numerous benefits from their actions, both for others and for themselves (especially in psychological and social dimensions), and the most frequently indicated danger is dishonesty. The results of this research are an important contribution to both the theories of urban commons and informal organization of care. At the same time, the presented analysis of groups and their emotions, needs and calls for action may serve as an inspiration for both international comparative research and the very communities that are stuck up in crises (both current and those yet to come).