bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A refined culture system of oocytes from early antral follicles promotes oocyte maturation and embryo development in cattle
Authors: Garcia Barros Rodrigo , Lodde Valentina , Franciosi Federica , Luciano Alberto Maria 
Published: December 2022

In brief
The proposed culture system improves the current state of in vitro culture of growing oocytes in the bovine species and allows access to the untapped gamete reserve, thus improving reproductive efficiency.

Abstract
The present study aimed to improve the in vitro culture of bovine oocytes collected from early antral follicles (EAFs) to support the progressive acquisition of meiotic and developmental competence. The rationale that drove the development of such a culture system was to maintain as much as possible the physiological conditions that support the oocyte growth and differentiation in vivo. To this extent, oocytes were cultured for 5 days, which parallels the transition from early to medium antral follicles (MAFs) in the bovine, and supports promoting a 3D-like structure were provided. Additionally, the main hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) were added in concentrations similar to the ones previously observed in bovine EAFs. The meiotic arrest was imposed using cilostamide. The cultured cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) reached a mean diameter of 113.4 ± 0.75 µm and showed a progressive condensation of the chromatin enclosed in the germinal vesicle (GV), together with a gradual decrease in the global transcriptional activity, measured by 5-ethynyl uridine incorporation. The described morpho-functional changes were accompanied by an increased ability to mature and develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro, although not matching the rates obtained by MAF-retrieved oocytes. The described system improves the current state of in vitro culture of growing oocytes in the bovine species, and it can be used to increase the number of gametes usable for in vitro embryo production in animals of high genetic merit or with specific desirable traits.
Richtlinien- und wettbewerbskonforme Auslegung bestimmter Verbote unlauterer Handelspraktiken im Agrarorganisationen-und-Lieferketten-Gesetz
Authors: Glöckner Jochen 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im Gefolge der Landwirtschaftskrise 2014/15 forcierte das Europäische Parlament ein bereits laufendes, Lieferketten und nachfragebedingte Abhängigkeiten allgemein adressierendes Gesetzgebungsverfahren. Als Ergebnis wurde im Jahr 2019, gestützt auf die besondere Agrarkompetenz des Art. 43 Abs. 2 AEUV, die Richtlinie 2019/633 über unlautere Handelspraktiken in der Agrar- und Lebensmittelerzeugerkette (UHP-Richtlinie) erlassen. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber setzte die Richtlinie im Agrarorganisationen- und-Lieferketten-Gesetz um. Von der im Rahmen der Mindestharmonisierung geschaffenen Möglichkeit weiterreichender Umsetzung wurde an mehreren Stellen Gebrauch gemacht. Es kommt hinzu, dass weder die nach außerordentlich kurzem Gesetzgebungsverfahren erlassene Richtlinie noch das deutsche Umsetzungsgesetz Gelegenheit hatten, begrifflich und legistisch zu reifen. Unklarheiten bei der Reichweite der besonderen Verhaltensnormen bedürfen daher der Auflösung.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird nachfolgend im Anschluss an eine Grundlegung (I.), in welcher die Entstehung der neuen Vorschriften zusammengefasst (I.1.) und die wirtschaftliche Ausgangsproblematik erläutert werden (I.2.), auf die Art. 3 UHP-Richtlinie zugrundeliegenden Schadenstheorien (II.) und deren Konsequenzen für die Anwendung der zusätzlichen Verbotstatbestände (III.) eingegangen. Abgeschlossen wird der Beitrag durch zusammenfassende Thesen (IV.)
Europe’s Green Ambition: New Guidelines of the European Commission on the Application of Art. 101 TFEU to Sustainability Agreements – A Critical Account
Authors: von Kalben Jonas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
On 1. March 2022 the European Commission (Commission) published a draft of new Horizontal Guidelines (DHG 2022) that dedicate a separate chapter to provide guidance on the application of Art. 101 TFEU to Sustainability Agreements. A primary objective of the Commission is to facilitate cooperation of undertakings that contributes to the ‘green transition’. The DHG 2022 clarify that competition and sustainability are complementary objectives and – contrary to claims of some commentators – reject more general restrictions of Art. 101(1) TFEU. Nevertheless, the new guidelines provide useful guidance on (soft) safe harbours for certain types of Sustainability Agreements. At the same time, the Commission advocates a broad reading of Art. 101(3) TFEU that would allow to credit a wide range of individual but also collective sustainability benefits. A closer look reveals that the suggested approach is difficult to reconcile with the case law of the European Courts. Moreover, the Commission’s interpretation of the legal exemption raises fundamental questions of the legitimacy of private companies to take normative decisions with far reaching distributive effects.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF VARIATIONS IN HF RADIO WAVE PARAMETERS IN THE IONOSPHERE DURING THE COURSE OF THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF JUNE 21, 2020 OVER THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Authors:   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Chernogor L. , Garmash K. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Guo Q. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Luo Y. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Rozumenko V. ,   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Zheng Y. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: December 2022

Subject and Purpose.The study of the effect that each new Solar eclipse (SE) has on radio wave characteristics is an actual scientific and technical issue. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the variations in Doppler spectra (DS), Doppler shift of frequency (DSF), and in the reflected wave amplitude (RWA) that were observed during the SE of June 21, 2020 over the People’s Republic of China. Methods and Methodology.The observations of HF radio wave characteristics were made using the Harbin Engineering University multi-frequency multipath coherent radio system. The temporal variations in DS, DSF of the main ray and RWA are analyzed further. The variations in the Doppler frequency shift (DSF) were subjected to a systematic spectral analysis that involved joint application of the windowed Fourier transform, adaptive Fourier decomposition, and the Morlet mother-function-based wavelet transformation. Results. The SE was accompanied by DS diffuseness resulting from an increase in the number of rays. The DSF temporal variations were observed to be bi-polar and asymmetrical, with extreme DSF magnitudes varying from –11 to –40 mHz and from 22 to 56 mHz. The duration of processes with negative DSF values varied from 50 to 80 min, and the duration of processes with positive DSF changed from 30 to 80 min. The multi-hop propagation (from two to five hops) took place along all propagation paths, with a 360 to 560-km one-hop range. The 4–5-min period quasi-periodic DSF variations showed 20–50 mHz amplitude, and the 8–18-min period variations exhibited 40–100 mHz amplitude. The relative amplitudes of the 4–5 min period quasi-periodic variations in the electron density were observed to be in the 0.3–6.2% range, and the amplitudes of the 8–18 min period variations were found to be in the 1.1–21.7% range. A decrease in the electron density along different propagation paths was observed to vary from –(12–16)% to –(20–26)%.
Isolation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended spectrum β-lactamases from dog urine of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley Antioquia-Colombia
Authors: Ochoa A. M. , García M. I. , Cienfuegos A.V. , Vásquez-Jaramillo L. 
Published: December 2022

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens causing urinary tract infections in humans and animals. Close contact between humans and companion animals can facilitate the spread of multidrugresistant pathogens between both species. Objective: To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) -producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections in the metropolitan area of Valle del Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia). Methods: Three-hundred seventy-one urine samples collected from March 2018 to March 2019 in a veterinary clinical laboratory were analyzed. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were detected in chromogenic agar and identified by biochemical tests. Susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and ESBL production was evaluated by the double disk test in all isolates. MIC determination of ESBL-positive isolates were performed on the automated VITEK®2 system. Multiple PCR was used for the detection of CTX-M beta-lactamases (group 1, 2, 9 and 8/25), SHV, TEM and AmpC of plasmid origin in ESBL-positive isolates. Results: In total 22 out 371 isolates were positive for ESBL production by double disc test, 11 E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and 11 K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp). The multiple PCR detected CTX-M group 1 in the 22 ESBL-positive isolates. Multi-drug resistance was observed in all ESBL-producing isolates Conclusions: A high frequency of antibiotic multi-resistance was found in ESBL-Ec and ESBL-Kp. The main ESBL detected was CTX-M group 1, which also prevails in human isolates.
Chalcocondyles Latinus •
Authors: Mészáros Tamás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZurich scholar Konrad Clauser's translation of Chalkokondyles was printed in 1556 at Oporinus' publishing house in Basel. The present paper reconstructs the circumstances of the formation of that translation, provides a detailed account of the publication, attempts to establish which manuscript may have served as the basis for the translation, and presents an outline of the immediate reception of the translation.
Analysis of scopolamine and its related substances by means of high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Obradović Darija , Pešić Ivana , Čarapić Marija , Lazović Saša , Agbaba Danica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe retention behaviour of scopolamine (hyoscine) and its related compounds (norhyoscine, atropine, homatropine, and noratropine) was investigated on the silica-based HPLC stationary phase. The retention of investigated tropane alkaloids was interpreted by using the Soczewiński-Wachtmeister equation. A high correlation between the retention parameter (log k) and lipophilicity (log P) (R = 0.9923) confirms the significant influence of hydrophobic interactions on the retention behaviour of the aforementioned compounds. It was found that by increasing the acetonitrile fraction, a decrease in retention of the more polar epoxide derivatives (scopolamine, norhyoscine) and an increase in retention of the more lipophilic derivatives (atropine, noratropine, homatropine) is obtained. The best separation of the tropane alkaloids was achieved by a simple procedure that involved a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 40 mM ammonium acetate/0.05% TEA, pH 6.5; 50:50 v/v. Selected conditions were assumed for the determination of scopolamine hydrochloride in the eye drops (Scopolamini hydrobromidum 0.25%). The method was validated and it was found as selective, sensitive, precise, accurate, and robust for the further qualitative analysis of the scopolamine-related compounds.
DOKSORUBİSİN İLE OLUŞTURULAN BÖBREK HASARINDA LERKANİDİPİNİN ANTİOKSİDAN VE ANTİAPOPTOTİK ETKİLERİNİN BCL-2/BAX/SİT C/ CAS-3 YOLAĞI ÜZERİNDEN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: İLHAN İlter , AŞCI Halil , SEVÜK Mehmer Abdulkadir , İMECİ Orhan Berk , MİLLETSEVER Adem , SANCER Okan 
Published: December 2022

Amaç
Doksorubisin (Dox) kemoterapide kullanılan antineoplastik
bir ilaçtır. Nefrotoksisite, Dox’un kullanımını
kısıtlayan önemli yan etkilerden biridir. Bir kalsiyum
kanal blokeri olan lerkanidipinin (Ler) antioksidan ve
antiapoptotik özellik gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda,
sıçanlarda oluşturulan Dox uygulaması ile
tetiklenen böbrek hasarında Ler’in oksidatif stres ve
apoptoz üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Yirmi dört adet erişkin erkek sıçan; kontrol, Dox (8.
günde bir kez intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg) ve Dox+Ler
(8. günde bir kez intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg Dox, her
gün oral gavaj ile 2 mg/kg Ler 10 gün boyunca) şeklinde
3 eşit gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda sakrifiye
edilen sıçanların kanlarından kan üre azotu (BUN) ve
kreatinin ile alınan böbrek dokusundan total oksidan
seviyesi (TOS), total antioksidan seviyesi (TAS) ve
süperoksid dismutaz (SOD) enzim aktivitesi ölçülmüştür.
Ayrıca, böbrek dokusunda Bcl-2-ilişkili X proteini
(Bax), B hücreli lenfoma-2 (Bcl-2), sitokrom c (sit
c) ve kaspaz-3 (Cas-3) mRNA ekspresyon düzeyleri
kantitatif gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu
yöntemiyle ölçülmüştür. Ek olarak hematoksilen-eozin
boyama ile böbrekteki histopatolojik değişimler
incelenmiştir.
Bulgular
Çalışmamızda, Dox uygulaması BUN, kreatinin, TOS
ve oksidatif stres indeks seviyelerini yükseltirken,
SOD aktivitesi ve TAS seviyelerini azaltmıştır. Ayrıca
Dox grubunda proapoptotik belirteçlerin (Bax, sit c ve
Cas-3) ekspresyonu artarken antiapoptotik bir faktör
olan Bcl-2’nin ekspresyonu azalmıştır. Histolojik incelemelerde
ise Dox’a bağlı böbrek hasarını gösteren
bulgular gözlenmiştir. Ler uygulaması, böbrekte
Dox’a bağlı tüm değişiklikleri sınırlayarak koruyucu
etkiler göstermiştir.
Sonuç
Çalışmamız Ler’in antioksidan ve antiapoptotik özellikler
göstererek Dox’un neden olduğu böbrek hasarını
önlemede potansiyel bir aday olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Güneydoğu Anadolu Orojenezinde Aksu-Samsat (Adıyaman) Profil Hattının Jeolojik Özellikleri
Authors: KORUCU Özlem , IŞIK Veysel 
Published: December 2022

Alpin-Himalaya Orojenezinin bir parçasını oluşturan Güneydoğu Anadolu Orojenezi, (GAO) Geç Kretase-Senozoyik süresince Avrasya ve Afrika/Arap Levhalarının göreceli olarak birbirlerine yaklaşımı, Neo-Tetis Okyanusunun güney kolunun yitimi, okyanusal kabuk kayalarının üzerlemesi, okyanus havzasının daralması/kapanması ve kıta-kıta çarpışması, değişen tektonik rejimlerde çökel ortamları ve yoğun deformasyon gelişimini temsil eder. GAO kuzeyden güneye doğru Nap bölgesi, Ekay zonu ve Arap Platformu olarak üç ana yapısal bölümden oluşur. Bu çalışmaya konu olan Aksu-Samsat profil hattı ve harita alanı bu yapısal bölümlerden Nap bölgesi ile Arap Platformunu içermektedir. Profil hattı yersel ve bölgesel ölçekli uyumsuzluklar ile farklı ölçeklerde kıvrım ve fay gelişimlerini barındırır. Fayların çoğu ters ve bindirme karakterli faylardır; havza çökellerini denetleyen ve/veya kesen sınırlı gelişime sahip normal faylar ile önceki yapıları ve litolojileri etkilemiş genç doğrultu atımlı faylar/fay zonları da yer almaktadır. Kıvrımlar farklı geometrilerde ve antiklinal/antiform ve senklinal/sinform özelliklidir.
Bölgede ve profil hattı boyunca paleotektonik ve neotektonik rejim dönemleri işaret eden beş deformasyon evresi belirlenmiştir; bu evreler sırasıyla üst Kampaniyen-alt Maestrihtiyen, üst Palesen-alt Eosen, orta Eosen sonu, erken Miyosen sonu ve Pliyosen-Kuvaterner evreleridir. Üst Kampaniyen-alt Maestrihtiyen evresi özellikle Koçali ofiyolit melanj ve Karadut karmaşığı kayalarının Koçali ve Karadut dekolmanları boyunca bölgeye yerleşimini temsil ederken, üst Paleosen-alt Eosen evresi kuzey alanların yükselip aşınması ve Gercüş formasyonunun uyumsuz olarak çökelmesi ile ilişkilidir. Orta Eosen sonu evresi, bölgesel sıkışma rejimine bağlı Midyat grubu ve örttüğü önceki litolojilerin kıvrımlanması ve faylanması ile temsil olur. Erken Miyosen sonu evresi, bölgedeki metamorfitlerin ve Maden karmaşığını oluşturan kayaların Aksu fay zonu boyunca platformun genç çökelleri üzerine (Silvan grubu) yerleşimi ve erken Miyosen ve öncesi kayaların yaygın deformasyonu ile temsil olur. Alanı etkileyen Pliyosen-Kuvaterner deformasyon evresi ile özellikle sol yanal doğrultu atımlı fayların (Örn., Adıyaman fay zonu) gelişimi ile tipiktir. İnceleme alanı ve yakın civarındaki stratigrafik oluşum ve deformasyon gelişimi, orojenezin diğer kesimleri ile önemli ölçüde korele edilmektedir.
Enhancing the Frequency–Bessel Spectrogram of Ambient Noise Cross-Correlation Functions
Authors: Zhang Gongheng , Liu Qi , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The frequency–Bessel (F–J) spectrogram has been used for the extraction of multimodal dispersion curves to constrain the fine crustal shear-wave velocity structure. The original F–J spectrogram was contaminated with curved as well as straight crossed artifacts, which hindered obtaining the dispersion curves, while introducing a considerable error in the inversion result. Curved crossed artifacts in the multicomponent F–J spectrogram are typically removed using the modified F–J transform formulas; to remove straight crossed artifacts, we used the so-called k-filtering method. Based on a synthetic test and field data from the central Asian orogenic belt, we show that our proposed methods can enhance the multicomponent F–J spectrograms by efficiently removing the two types of crossed artifacts, while identifying more higher modes dispersion curves, and the accuracy of picking can also be improved.
Awareness and perception of contact lens usage and refractive surgery among first year undergraduate medical students
Authors: Palani Maanasa , Ravi Shruthi , Puri Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Background: Refractive error occurs when the parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused either in front or behind the retina, in one or both the meridians resulting in blurred image. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of awareness and perception of contact lens usage and refractive surgery among first year undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross sectional, observational questionnaire-based study was done on students studying in Saveetha medical college near Sriperumbudur between February 2021 to April 2021 to assess student’s awareness and perception of contact lens usage and refractive surgery.Results: Totally 250 students were studied, of which 39.76% were under 20 years, 61.85% are not contact lens users, 51.41% think that appropriate time of wearing contact lens was 8 hours per day, 64.66% think that soft contact lens should be used, 70.28% think that contact lens should be renewed every 3 months, 38.96% are not aware of refractive surgery, 54.62% think that dry eye is the complication of long term usage of contact lens, 44.18% think that contact lens are required even after surgery, 38.55% think that there will be complications even after refractive error surgery. Conclusions: The awareness of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding contact lenses usage and refractive surgery was evaluated among the participants to identify the points of weakness and construct a proper health education among the students.
Importance and efficacy of health promotion by primary care nurses
Authors: Alanazi Taghreed Ayed , Alanazi Hind Ayed , Alanazi Abeer Ayeed , Alharbi Nawal Naseer , Alsumairi Mashael Abdulhadi , Aldossari Wejdan Hussein , Al Ruwili Abeer Ruwayshid , Alanazi Mashael Raja , Alwadai Khalid Saad 
Published: December 2022

The core of many countries' primary care strategies has been increasing community engagement in primary care, greater efforts in preventive illnesses and promoting health, and greater harmony and synergy of current services in accordance with the community's needs. Primary care nurses have a lot of opportunity to provide strategies for health promotion and prevention, and prior research has revealed the multitude of functions that nurses can play, such as managing complex medical problems. Nurses employed in general practices have been observed to be effective in providing a number of preventative initiatives, including smoking cessation. It has been seen that though nurses who work in this environment are eager to counsel patients about physical exercise but have major deficiencies in their understanding of existing recommendations, suggesting a dearth of training preparation for such tasks. Very often, primary health care nurses' ability to undertake health promotion is restricted by the general practice environment, their skillset, and general practitioners' perspectives toward nurses' participation in health promotion activities. Primary care nurses may be able to bridge the gap between societal expectations of this field and how patients view prevention in the context of general practice. Primary care nurses have a lot of room to grow in their ability to collaborate with other healthcare providers and work outside the confines of general practice settings. In primary care settings, nursing appears to be underused despite its potential to be working more successfully in HPP. The effectiveness of present primary health care changes depends on identifying and addressing the enablers and hurdles to health promotion and prevention among primary care nurses.
Causes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of root perforations
Authors: Alshamrani Abdullah Saeed , Almusharraf Abdullatif Yousif , Alshammari Khalaf Awad , Ali Eman Jawad Bo , Almutairi Hamed Hamdan , Farrash Fawaz Abdulhamid , Alghamdi Hashem Saad , Alqahtani Abdulrahman Ali , Alosaimi Abdulaziz Ali 
Published: December 2022

A perforation is an artificial communication that occurs between the root canal system and the tissues enclosing a tooth. It can be made by the dentist during tooth preparation and passage into the root canal system, or it can happen naturally due to resorption or dental decay and cause connectivity between the root canal and periodontium. Both iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic factors can lead to a root being perforated. Most often, it happens at the coronal aspect of the tooth. Iatrogenic perforations can always be distinguished by the extensive bleeding that occurs after the wound. Serous discharge or fistula from the perforated site, sensitivity on percussing, isolated periodontal pocketing, and chronic gingivitis when the inflammation has reached the alveolus can all be signs of unresolved perforations. Cone beam computed tomography can be used to correctly identify and evaluate resorbing lesions and subsequent perforations. Successful perforation management involves adequately sealing the breach, using the right material, and closing the perforation in the right place as soon as feasible. Perforation management can be done in one of two ways: non-surgically or surgically. The prognosis of teeth with root perforations that have had endodontic treatment relies on a number of variables, including the amount of time that passed before the defect was sealed, the site of the perforation, the effectiveness of the perforation seal, and the size of the perforation. Due to the poor prognosis, teeth with suboptimal periodontal health or those with very wide perforations may be extracted.
The Evolution of the Sickle Cell Anaemia in the Region of Kinshasa: a Mathematic Modelling
Authors: Bokolo R.Gilles , Sinamuli Cedric Musema , Kodondi Dibere , Mafuta Bruce Shola 
Published: December 2022

We attempt to study the evolution of the sickle cell anaemia in the region of Kinshasa by proposing three models based on Markov processes. The first two models namely, the idealistic and the quasi- idealistic models fail to completely describe the data sampled. The third model, the realistic one, leads to results that match the data collected and meets the predictions of serious institutions such as the World Health Organization (about 36 percent of the population belongs to the electrophoresis categories AS or SS).
O povo do capim dourado – registros fotoetnográficos do Remanescente Quilombola de Mumbuca
Authors: Mota Alice Agnes Spíndola 
Published: December 2022

Este registro fotoetnográfico apresenta diversos aspectos relacionados à vida do remanescente quilombola de Mumbuca, com ênfase nas rotinas de confecção do artesanato, festividades e dinâmicas da colheita do capim dourado, planta em torno da qual são construídas as principais rotinas e vivências desta comunidade.