bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of weightlifting belts and wrist straps on deadlift kinematics, time to complete a deadlift and rating of perceived exertion in male recreational weightlifters
Authors: Fong Shirley S.M. , Chung Louisa M.Y. , Gao Yang , Lee Jeff Chak Wai , Chang Tak Ching , Ma Ada W.W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Both weightlifting belts and wrist straps are commonly used weightlifting training aids but their effects on deadlift kinematics and performance were still not known. This study examined the effects of weightlifting belts and wrist straps on the kinematics of the deadlift exercise, time to complete a deadlift and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in male recreational weightlifters.
This study used a repeated-measures, within-subjects design. Twenty male healthy recreational weightlifters (mean age ± standard deviation = 23.1 ± 2.5 years) were recruited from 2 local gyms and the Education University of Hong Kong between January and April 2021. All participants used various combinations of belt and straps during a conventional deadlift. The hip and knee flexion, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles and time to complete a deadlift were measured using video analysis software. RPE was also recorded.
Wearing both a belt and wrist straps was found to reduce knee flexion angle (P < .001), but not hip flexion angle (P > .05), during the setup phase of the deadlift compared to wearing no aid. Wearing straps alone exaggerated thoracic kyphosis in the lockout phase of the deadlift compared to wearing a belt alone (P < .001). No changes were seen in cervical and lumbar lordosis angles when using any or both of the weightlifting aids. Additionally, the participants completed deadlifts faster when wearing both a belt and straps (P = .008) and perceived less exertion when wearing a belt and/or straps (P < .001).
Weightlifting belts and wrist straps, when using together, have positive effects on the kinematics of deadlift, time to complete a deadlift and RPE in male recreational weightlifters. Trainers should recommend the use of a belt and straps together, but not straps alone, to recreational weightlifters when performing deadlift training.
Observer experience and accuracy of 18F-sodium-fluoride PET/CT for the diagnosis of bone metastases in prostate cancer
Authors: Zacho Helle D. , Ravn Søren , Ejlersen June A. , Fledelius Joan , Dolliner Peter , Nygaard Sofie T. , Holdgaard Paw C. , Lauridsen Jeppe F. , Haarmark Christian , Hendel Helle W. , Petersen Lars J. 
Published: April 2022

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of observers with different levels of experience in reading 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/CT images for the diagnosis of bone metastases in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods
Nine observers with varying NaF PET/CT experience, ranging from no experience to 2000+ examinations, evaluated 211 NaF PET/CT scans from PCa patients participating in one of four prospective trials. Each observer evaluated each NaF PET/CT on a patient level using a trichotomous scale: M0 (no bone metastases), Me (equivocal for bone metastases) and M1 (bone metastases). Subsequently, a dichotomous evaluation was conducted (M0/M1). The final diagnosis was retrieved from the original study. For each observer, ROC curves and the diagnostic accuracy were calculated based on dichotomous and trichotomous scales; in the latter case, Me was first regarded as M1 and then M0.

Results
Across all experience levels, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy using the dichotomous scale ranged from 0.81 to 0.89, 0.93 to 1.00 and 0.91 to 0.94, respectively. Employing the trichotomous scale, novice and experienced observers chose Me in up to 20 vs. 10% of cases, respectively. Considering Me as M0, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy ranged from 0.78 to 0.89, 0.95 to 1.00 and 0.91 to 0.95, respectively. Considering Me as M1, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy ranged from 0.86 to 0.92, 0.71 to 0.96 and 0.77 to 0.94, respectively.

Conclusion
Novice observers used the equivocal option more frequently than observers with NaF PET/CT experience. However, on the dichotomous scale, all observers exhibited high and satisfactory accuracy for the detection of bone metastases, making NaF PET/CT an effective imaging modality even in unexperienced hands.
Effect of dual-task training on gait and balance in stroke patients: A updated meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Yue , Bi Meng meng , Zhou Tian tian , Liu Lin , Zhang Chao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of dual-task training on gait and balance improvement in stroke patients.

Design
The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of dual-task training on gait and balance intervention in stroke patients.

Results
A total of seventeen studies with 575 stroke patients that compared the efficacy and safety of dual-task training to conventional physical therapy or single-task training were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the data were as follows under the dual-task training: step length [MD (Mean Difference) =2.7, 95%CI(1.33, 4.08), P = 0.0001]; cadence [MD = 5.06, 95%CI(3.37, 6.75), P < 0.00001]; stride length [MD = 7.34, 95%CI (5.47, 9.22), P < 0.00001]; Ten-meter walk test times (10MWT) [MD = -2.36, 95%CI(-3.70, -1.02), P = 0.0006]; Berg Balance Scale (BBS) [MD = 3.8, 95% CI (0.04, 7.55), P = 0.05]; Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of lower extremities (FMA-LE) [MD = 2.27, 95% CI (-1.04, 5.59), P = 0.18].

Conclusions
This meta-analysis showed that dual-task training can improve stroke patients’ step length, cadence, stride length, and ten-meter walk test, However, possible advantages in improving balance function need further exploration.
Factors Associated With Severity of COVID-19 Disease in a Multicenter Cohort of People With HIV in the United States, March–December 2020
Authors: Shapiro Adrienne E. , Bender Ignacio Rachel A. , Whitney Bridget M. , Delaney Joseph A. , Nance Robin M. , Bamford Laura , Wooten Darcy , Keruly Jeanne C. , Burkholder Greer , Napravnik Sonia , Mayer Kenneth H. , Webel Allison R. , Kim H. Nina , Van Rompaey Stephen E. , Christopoulos Katerina , Jacobson Jeffrey , Karris Maile , Smith Davey , Johnson Mallory O. , Willig Amanda , Eron Joseph J. , Hunt Peter , Moore Richard D. , Saag Michael S. , Mathews W. Christopher , Crane Heidi M. , Cachay Edward R. , Kitahata Mari M. ,   for the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems
Published: April 2022

Background:
Understanding the spectrum of COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) is critical to provide clinical guidance and risk reduction strategies.

Setting:
Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic System, a US multisite clinical cohort of PWH in care.

Methods:
We identified COVID-19 cases and severity (hospitalization, intensive care, and death) in a large, diverse HIV cohort during March 1, 2020–December 31, 2020. We determined predictors and relative risks of hospitalization among PWH with COVID-19, adjusted for disease risk scores.

Results:
Of 16,056 PWH in care, 649 were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Case fatality was 2%; 106 (16.3%) were hospitalized, and 12 died. PWH with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 [aRR 2.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93 to 3.71; P < 0.001] or lowest recorded CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 (aRR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.36; P < 0.005) had greater risks of hospitalization. HIV viral load and antiretroviral therapy status were not associated with hospitalization, although most of the PWH were suppressed (86%). Black PWH were 51% more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with other racial/ethnic groups (aRR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.19; P = 0.03). Chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and increased cardiovascular and hepatic fibrosis risk scores were associated with higher hospitalization risk. PWH who were older, not on antiretroviral therapy, and with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm3, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were overrepresented among PWH who required intubation or died.

Conclusions:
PWH with CD4 count <350 cells/mm3, and a history of CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, have a clear excess risk of severe COVID-19, accounting for comorbidities associated with severe outcomes. PWH with these risk factors should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and early treatment and monitored closely for worsening illness.
DraculR: A web based application for in silico haemolysis detection in high throughput small RNA sequencing data
Authors: Smith Melanie D. , Leemaqz Shalem Y. , Jankovic-Karasoulos Tanja , McCullough Dylan , McAninch Dale , Breen James , Roberts Claire T. , Pillman Katherine A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationThe search for novel microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in plasma is hampered by haemolysis, the lysis and subsequent release of red blood cell (RBC) contents, including miRNAs, into surrounding fluid. The biomarker potential of miRNAs comes in part from their multi-compartment origin, and the long-lived nature of miRNA transcripts in plasma, giving researchers a functional window for tissues that are otherwise difficult or disadvantageous to sample. The inclusion of RBC derived miRNA transcripts in downstream analysis introduces a source of error that is difficult to identify post hoc and may lead to spurious results. Where access to a physical specimen is not possible, our tool will provide an in silico approach to haemolysis prediction.ResultsWe present DraculR, an interactive Shiny/R application that enables a user to upload microRNA expression data from short read sequencing of human plasma as a raw read counts table and interactively calculate a metric that indicates the degree of haemolysis contamination.Availability and implementationDraculR and its tutorial are freely available from (https://mxhp75.shinyapps.io/shinyVamp/). Code is available from (https://github.com/mxhp75/shinyVamp.git).
Evolutionary gain and loss of a plant pattern-recognition receptor for HAMP recognition
Authors: Snoeck Simon , Abramson Bradley W. , Garcia Anthony G. K. , Egan Ashley N. , Michael Todd P. , Steinbrenner Adam D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPattern recognition receptors (PRR) recognize distinct pathogen and herbivore-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and HAMPs) and mediate activation of immune responses, but the evolution of new PRR sensing functions is not well understood. We employed comparative genomics and functional analysis to define evolutionary events leading to the sensing of the peptide HAMP inceptin (In11) by the PRR Inceptin Receptor (INR). Existing and de novo genome assemblies revealed that the presence of a functional INR gene corresponded with In11 response across 55 million years (my) of legume evolution, and that In11 recognition is unique to the clade of Phaseoloid legumes. The INR loci of certain Phaseoloid and non-Phaseoloid species also contain diverse INR-like homologues, suggesting that the evolution of INR receptor function ∼28 mya occurred after an ancestral gene insertion ∼32 mya. Functional analysis of chimeric and ancestrally reconstructed receptors revealed that specific AA differences in the C1 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and C2 intervening motif likely mediated gain of In11 recognition. In summary, we present a conceptual model for the evolution of a defined PRR function based on patterns of INR variation in legumes.
Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery
Authors: Sipe Laura M. , Chaib Mehdi , Korba Emily B. , Jo Heejoon , Lovely Mary-Camille , Counts Brittany R. , Tanveer Ubaid , Clements Jared C. , John Neena A. , Daria Deidre , Marion Tony N. , Sekhri Radhika , Pingili Ajeeth K. , Teng Bin , Carson James A. , Hayes D. Neil , Davis Matthew J. , Pierre Joseph F. , Makowski Liza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBariatric surgery is becoming more prevalent as a sustainable weight loss approach, with vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) being the first line of surgical intervention. We and others have shown that obesity exacerbates tumor growth while diet-induced weight loss impairs obesity-driven progression. It remains unknown how bariatric surgery-induced weight loss impacts cancer progression or alters responses to therapy. Using a pre-clinical model of diet induced obesity followed by VSG or diet-induced weight loss, breast cancer progression and immune checkpoint blockade therapy was investigated. Weight loss by bariatric surgery or weight matched dietary intervention before tumor engraftment protected against obesity-exacerbated tumor progression. However, VSG was not as effective as dietary intervention in reducing tumor burden despite achieving a similar extent of weight and adiposity loss. Circulating leptin did not associate with changes in tumor burden. Uniquely, tumors in mice that received VSG displayed elevated inflammation and immune checkpoint ligand, PD-L1. Further, mice that received VSG had reduced tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes and cytolysis suggesting an ineffective anti-tumor microenvironment. VSG-associated elevation of PD-L1 prompted us to next investigate the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in lean, obese, and formerly obese mice that lost weight by VSG or weight matched controls. While obese mice were resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, anti-PD-L1 potently impaired tumor progression after VSG through improved anti-tumor immunity. Thus, in formerly obese mice, surgical weight loss followed by immunotherapy reduced breast cancer burden.
Evolutionary relationships and range evolution of greenhood orchids (subtribe Pterostylidinae): insights from plastid phylogenomics
Authors: Nargar Katharina , O’Hara Kate , Mertin Allison , Bent Stephen , Nauheimer Lars , Simpson Lalita , Zimmer Heidi , Molloy Bryan P.J. , Clements Mark A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAustralia harbours a rich and highly endemic orchid flora with over 90% of native species found nowhere else. However, little is known about the assembly and evolution of Australia’s orchid flora. Here, we used a phylogenomic approach to infer evolutionary relationships, divergence times, and range evolution in Pterostylidinae (Orchidoideae), the second largest subtribe in the Australian orchid flora, comprising the generaPterostylisandAchlydosa. Phylogenetic analysis of 75 plastid genes provided well-resolved and supported phylogenies. Intrageneric relationships inPterostyliswere clarified and monophyly of eight of ten sections supported.Achlydosawas found to not form part of Pterostylidinae and instead merits recognition at subtribal level, as Achlydosinae.Pterostylidinae were inferred to have originated in temperate eastern Australia in the early Oligocene, coinciding with the complete separation of Australia from Antarctica and the onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which led to profound changes in the world’s climate. Divergence of all major lineages occurred during the Miocene, accompanied by increased aridification and seasonality of the Australian continent, resulting in strong vegetational changes from rainforest to more open sclerophyllous vegetation. The majority of extant species were inferred to have originated in the Quaternary, from the Pleistocene onwards. The rapid climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene may have acted as important driver of speciation in Pterostylidinae. The subtribe underwent lineage diversification mainly within its ancestral range, in temperate eastern Australia. Long-distance dispersals to southwest Australia commenced from the late Miocene onwards, after the establishment of the Nullarbor Plain, which constitutes a strong edaphic barrier to mesic plants. Range expansions from the mesic into the arid zone of eastern Australia (Eremaean region) commenced from the early Pleistocene onwards. Extant distributions of Pterostylidinae in other Australasian regions, such as New Zealand and New Caledonia, are of more recent origin, resulting from long-distance dispersals from the Pliocene onwards. Temperate eastern Australia was identified as key source area for dispersals to other Australasian regions.
Grace-AKO: A Novel and Stable Knockoff Filter for Variable Selection Incorporating Gene Network Structures
Authors: Tian Peixin , Hu Yiqian , Liu Zhonghua , Zhang Yan Dora 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationVariable selection is a common statistical approach to identifying genes associated with clinical outcomes of scientific interest. There are thousands of genes in genomic studies, while only a limited number of individual samples are available. Therefore, it is important to develop a method to identify genes associated with outcomes of interest that can control finite-sample false discovery rate (FDR) in high-dimensional data settings.ResultsThis article proposes a novel method named Grace-AKO for graph-constrained estimation (Grace), which incorporates aggregation of multiple knockoffs (AKO) with the network-constrained penalty. Grace-AKO can control FDR in finite-sample settings and improve model stability simultaneously. Simulation studies show that Grace-AKO has better performance in finite-sample FDR control than the original Grace model. We apply Grace-AKO to the prostate cancer data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program by incorporating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) as the prior information. Grace-AKO finally identifies 47 candidate genes associated with PSA level, and more than 75% of the detected genes can be validated.Availability and implementationWe developed an R package for Grace-AKO available at:https://github.com/mxxptian/GraceAKOContactdoraz@hku.hkorzl2509@cumc.columbia.edu
Macroevolutionary diversity of traits and genomes in the model yeast genus Saccharomyces
Authors: Peris David , Ubbelohde Emily J. , Kuang Meihua Christina , Kominek Jacek , Langdon Quinn K. , Adams Marie , Koshalek Justin A. , Hulfachor Amanda Beth , Opulente Dana A. , Hall David J. , Hyma Katie , Fay Justin C. , Leducq Jean-Baptiste , Charron Guillaume , Landry Christian R. , Libkind Diego , Gonçalves Carla , Gonçalves Paula , Sampaio José Paulo , Wang Qi-Ming , Bai Feng-Yan , Wrobel Russel L. , Hittinger Chris Todd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecies is the fundamental unit to quantify biodiversity. In recent years, the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has seen an increased number of studies related to its geographical distribution, population structure, and phenotypic diversity. However, seven additional species from the same genus have been less thoroughly studied, which has limited our understanding of the macroevolutionary leading to the diversification of this genus over the last 20 million years. Here, we report the geographies, hosts, substrates, and phylogenetic relationships for approximately 1,800 Saccharomyces strains, covering the complete genus with unprecedented breadth and depth. We generated and analyzed complete genome sequences of 163 strains and phenotyped 128 phylogenetically diverse strains. This dataset provides insights about genetic and phenotypic diversity within and between species and populations, quantifies reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting, and demonstrates how gene flow and selection have affected traits, such as galactose metabolism. These findings elevate the genus Saccharomyces as a model to understand biodiversity and evolution in microbial eukaryotes.
Responses of cortical neurons to intracortical microstimulation in awake primates
Authors: Yun Richy , Mishler Jonathan H. , Perlmutter Steve I. , Rao Rajesh P. N. , Fetz Eberhard E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is commonly used in many experimental and clinical paradigms; however, its effects on the activation of neurons are still not completely understood. To document the responses of cortical neurons in non-human primates to stimulation, we recorded single unit activity while delivering single-pulse stimulation via Utah arrays implanted in primary motor cortex of three macaque monkeys. Stimuli between 5-50 μA delivered to single channels reliably evoked spikes in neurons recorded throughout the array with delays of up to 12 milliseconds. ICMS pulses also induced a period of inhibition lasting up to 150 ms that typically followed the initial excitatory response. Higher current amplitudes led to a greater probability of evoking a spike and extended the duration of inhibition. The likelihood of evoking a spike in a neuron was dependent on the spontaneous firing rate as well as the delay between its most recent spike time and stimulus onset. Tonic repetitive stimulation between 2 and 20 Hz often modulated both the probability of evoking spikes and the duration of inhibition, although high frequency stimulation in particular was more likely to change both responses. On a trial-by-trial basis, whether a stimulus evoked a spike did not affect the subsequent inhibitory response; however, their changes over time were frequently positively or negatively correlated. Our results document the complex dynamics of cortical neural responses to electrical stimulation that need to be considered when utilizing ICMS for scientific and clinical applications.Significance statementIntracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is commonly used to probe the cortex, and previous studies have characterized the responses of single neurons to ICMS. However, these studies typically explored the averaged effects of ICMS throughout each experimental session, rather than by a trial-by-trial basis for each stimulation pulse. By shifting the approach, we explored the dependence of neural responses to ICMS on the spontaneous neural activity as well as the dynamics of responses over time due to repetitive stimulation. Our results highlight how the responses of neurons to ICMS are likely the result of interactions between local excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits. These results will help inform the design of ICMS for both basic research and clinically relevant stimulation protocols.
Milkweed plants bought at nurseries may expose monarch caterpillars to harmful pesticide residues
Authors: Halsch Christopher A. , Hoyle Sarah M. , Code Aimee , Fordyce James A. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe decline of monarch butterflies in both the eastern and western United States has garnered widespread public interest. Planting milkweeds, their larval host plants, has been promoted as one action individuals can take, but little is known with respect to potential pesticide contamination of store-bought milkweeds. In this study, we collected leaf samples from 235 milkweed plants purchased at 33 retail nurseries across the US to screen for pesticides. Across all samples, we detected 61 different pesticides with an average of 12.2 (±5.0) compounds per plant. While only 9 of these compounds have been experimentally tested on monarch caterpillars, 38% of samples contained a pesticide above a concentration shown to have a sub-lethal effect for monarchs. We detected only a modest predictive ability of retailer size and milkweed species; and plants with labels advertising their value for wildlife did not have fewer pesticides at concentrations known to have a negative effect on monarchs. These results demonstrate the extensiveness of pesticide exposure within nursery milkweeds and the potential impacts on monarchs and other insects exposed to store-bought plants.HighlightsMilkweeds were collected from stores in the United States and screened for pesticides.We detected multiple pesticides in every milkweed plant sampled.Over one third of samples contained a pesticide at a known harmful concentration for monarchs.Plants labeled as wildlife-friendly did not have fewer potentially harmful compounds.