bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Pemberian Ekstrak Bawang Putih Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Interleukin-6 Serum dan Dialisat pada Pasien Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Kendenan Margaretha , Ali Zulkhair , Kurniati Nova , Saleh Irsan 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) menunjukkan 86% subjek PGK terbukti menderita inflamasi. Sejumlah studi longitudinal melaporkan peningkatan inflamasi dengan mengukur interleukin-6 (IL-6) pada pasien PD baik kadarnya di sistemik dan intraperitoneal. Bawang putih dan komponennya memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Efek antiinflamasi dari ekstrak bawang putih, dengan menghambat aktivasi jalur pro-inflamasi serta menghambat aktivasi makrofag dan efek antioksidan dan menghambat enzim pro-oxidant. Penelitian ini merupakan studi crossover randomized placebo controlled double blind trial. Subjek penelitian 20 orang pasien PGK stadium 5 yang menggunakan CAPD, dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat ekstrak bawang putih 800 mg perhari (2x400 mg) selama 8 minggu dan kelompok yang mendapatkan placebo, kemudian dilakukan periode wash out selama 2 minggu dan setelah itu kedua kelompok diberikan perlakuan bergantian. Masing masing kelompok diukur kadar IL-6 serum, IL-6 dialisat dan net ultrafiltrasi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Didapati kadar IL-6 serum sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak bawang putih 7,10 ±2,30 pg/ml dan 5,00±3,00 pg/ml dengan p= 0,005. Kadar IL-6 dialisat sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak bawang putih 39,20±2,10 pg/ml dan 33,20±7,80 pg/ml dengan p = 0,000. Disimpulkan penurunan kadar IL-6 serum dan dialisat sesudah ekstrak bawang putih pada penderita PGK stadium V yang menggunakan CAPD di RSMH Palembang.
Inclusive Rural Spaces in Architecture Education
Authors: Fries-Briggs Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

Pedagogies of building systems in architectural education are traditionally framed as the technical knowledge guiding construction, material applications, structures, and mechanical building services. This paper provides a framework and a case study for centering inclusive and universal design principles in the teaching of building systems with a focus on designing public spaces for rural and aging populations. It proposes methods for integrating design accountability, sustainable environmental practices, and cultural contexts into architectural design and education.Public spaces, services, and resources are spread thinly outside of cities and denser communities, creating barriers to access for aging populations among others. This pedagogical framework for inclusive rural architecture focuses on post offices as one of the few public institutions in rural communities and a vital conduit to essential services (particularly during health crises). In the speculative space of architecture curriculum, students conceived of additional services and programs to rethink the role of post offices in communities. These programs targeted accessibility barriers by providing digital resource centers, transportation hubs, and community gathering spaces.The flexibility, adaptability, and comfort at the core of universal design principles provide a lens for understanding sustainable environmental techniques. Adaptable buildings constructed with replaceable and reusable parts allow for repair and resiliency over time. Material and structural systems designed for intuitive use and presentation of information promote accessible communication. Passive systems design enables comfort in dialog with the environment and a reduction in required energy. However as passive systems often require building operability, inclusive design principles call for building systems to be operable by diverse users. Post office projects in this case study integrated universal design principles to achieve energy efficient buildings that respond to changing climates and rural cultural contexts.Replacing minimum standards for accessibility within curricula with inclusive design criteria is also enacted through methodologies. While educational institutions are clustered in urban areas, many students come from or have ties to rural communities. The focus on rural public spaces and aging populations is a means for students to bring their own diverse backgrounds, places of origin, and histories into their academic studies. In combining methods of engaged research with a universal design-focused pedagogy for building systems, students expand technical knowledge of architectural design with the objective of creating equitable and inclusive public spaces.

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Public Open Spaces: Enabling or Impeding Inclusive Evacuation during Disasters
Authors: Pacheco Barzallo Andrea , Fariña José , Álvarez de Andrés Eva 
Published: July 2022

During disasters the death of persons with disabilities is higher than that of the rest of the population. This problem has many causes, and one of them has to do with the conditions of the physical environments which are not accessible for all, implying that people with disabilities require more time and effort to try to escape from dangerous places, protect themselves, and reach safety areas such as public spaces where people can gather, help each other, and remain safe at least during the first hours of an emergency. Thus, identifying the main problems that could prevent public spaces from becoming risk handling and inclusion resources during a disaster within social production settings is the main purpose of this research. The methodology used includes literature review, spatial audits based on inclusion and risk reduction standards within all public spaces of three neighborhoods of the city of Quito in Ecuador, and focus groups with the neighbors, persons with disabilities and their families. The three case studies selected are Atucucho, Carapungo and Auqui de Monjas, all present high disaster risk levels and have characteristics of social production of their territories. The results show that the conditions that need attention to enable public spaces become risk handling and inclusion resources during disasters have to do with three different dimensions; the first one refers to their physical characteristics and informational elements which must comply with universal accessibility requirements that provide autonomy and safety to all; the second dimension has to do with their connectivity, both on their ability to generate a network close to the community as well as to multi-modal mobility; the third dimension has to do with social and cultural aspects as persons with disabilities often feel that public spaces are not friendly for them because these are being occupied by other groups such as young people or that they are privatized in some way.

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Visions of a City for All
Authors: Müller Lilian , Ericsson Stina , Hedvall Per-Olof 
Published: July 2022

Despite laws, policies, and visions to create cities and societies for all, barriers still exclude persons with disabilities from using buildings and public places. Our study aimed to identify choices made during the urban development process, which include or exclude users in the built environment; how and when these arise during the process; and what is needed to implement Universal Design (UD) as a strategy and tool to secure all users equal opportunities in the built environment.The study involved employees and private actors in city development processes. The participants were asked to identify impediments and support of UD in completed building projects to shed light on choices made during the process and on conditions needed to implement UD along the process. Four workshops were followed by qualitative interviews with key players. The analysis was based on qualitative data from workshops and interviews.Aspects impeding and supporting UD and conflicting visions and goals were identified in all phases, and the need for tools to implement UD. Findings show that accessibility for all users is dealt with (too) late in the process, often causing special solutions. Urban trends like densification and high exploitation can cause exclusion of some users, and an unbalanced view on sustainable development prioritising ecological aspects put high demands on users’ abilities. Findings also show how UD appeared more clearly in remodelling projects than in the new constructions. A strong vision from the start to build for all users clearly supported UD throughout the process. Other factors such as pre-studies which include human diversity, allocation of resources and experts’ early opinions also showed to be clear drivers for UD.Overall, the findings show a demand for solutions to maintain early visions and goals throughout the processes. We conclude by providing seven recommendations for addressing these challenges.

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Disability Inclusion and Accessibility in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndhlovu Edwin , Mudzingwa Nyunyutai 
Published: July 2022

The viewpoint explores challenges and opportunities for Persons With Disabilities (PWDs) in accessing public institutions in line with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in Zimbabwe. The study is based on the social model of disability, reinforced by the human rights perspective, which seek to meaningfully address issues bedevilling PWDs in their quest to be accorded the rightful place in the society, particularly in their access to public spaces. It further explains attitudinal, environmental and institutional barriers. Qualitative research method was used, coupled with a few key informant interviews. The target population for this study were first and foremost PWDs. The study also targeted councillors, urban planners as well as administrators. Two subcategories of visually and physically impaired persons were carefully selected. The study findings indicated that attitudes and inadequate knowledge on disability by some community members and duty bearers also contribute to exclusion of Persons With Disabilities in public spaces. The study also found out that there are unfriendly facilities available. Additionally, the negative attitudes of stakeholders and administrative complications have deprived Persons With Disabilities from obtaining the benefits of available entitlements. Inadequate legislation, policy and lack of political will have also been established to be some of the factors leading to the side-lining of PWDs. The research recommends for creation of specific services in public spaces to support the needs of this group, integration of new technologies, and the domestication of the UNCRPD as well as the implementation of the disability policy, including best practices in disability inclusion, Specific policies should be supported by the allocation of funds and rigorous monitoring.

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Crash Modification Functions for Passing Relief Lanes on Two-Lane Rural Roads
Authors: Persaud Bhagwant , Jafari Anarkooli Alireza , Almasi Shahram , Lyon Craig 
Published: July 2022

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<p>Passing relief lanes on two-lane rural roads provide passing opportunities that would otherwise be scarce where there are extensive no passing zones and/or high opposing traffic volumes. The paper addresses the safety effects of installing a passing lane or lengthening an existing one. It stands to reason that the effect of installing a passing lane will depend on the actual length of that lane. By extension, it is also reasonable to expect that the safety effects of lengthening an existing one will depend not only on the amount of the lengthening, but also on the original length. Yet, knowledge that can be applied to estimate these two sets of effects in a design process is lacking. The crash modification factors (CMFs) in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) and in the CMF Clearinghouse for installing a passing lane are all single valued, of the order of 0.75. And neither source provides CMFs for lengthening an existing passing lane. This paper seeks to address these voids by developing continuous crash modification functions (CMFunctions) for both sets of design decisions using Michigan and Ontario crash, geometric, and traffic data for passing lane and reference sections. Generalized linear modeling and full Bayes Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation are used to develop cross-section regression models from which crash modification functions are derived and compared. The results are consistent with those from credible before-after studies, so are recommended for implementation in practice, in particular for HSM applications.</p>
Comparison of Univariate and Two-Stage Approaches for Estimating Crash Frequency by Severity – Case Study for Horizontal Curves on Two-Lane Rural Roads
Authors: Persaud Bhagwant , Anarkooli Alireza Jafari , Hosseinpour Mehdi , Saleem Taha 
Published: July 2022

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<p>The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) procedures apply specific safety performance functions (SPFs) and crash modification factors (CMFs) appropriate for estimating the safety effects of design and operational changes to a roadway. Although the applicability of the SPFs and CMFs may significantly vary by crash severity, they are mainly based on total crash counts, with different approaches for estimation of crashes by crash severity. The variety of approaches in the HSM and in the literature in general suggests that there may be no one best approach for all situations, and that there is a need to develop and compare alternative approaches for each potential application. This paper addresses this need by demonstrating the development and comparison of alternative approaches using horizontal curves on two-lane roads as a case study. This site type was chosen because of the high propensity for severe crashes and the potential for exploring a wide range of variables that affect this propensity. To facilitate this investigation, a two-stage modeling approach is developed whereby the proportion of crashes for each severity level is estimated as a function of roadway-specific factors and traffic attributes and then applied to an estimate of total crashes from an SPF. Using Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) curve data for Washington state, a heterogeneous negative binomial (HTNB) regression model is estimated for total crash counts and then applied with severity distribution functions (SDFs) developed by a generalized ordered probit model (GOP). To evaluate the performance of this two-stage approach, a comparison is made with predictions directly obtained from estimated univariate SPFs for crash frequency by severity and also from a fixed proportion method that has been suggested in the HSM. The results revealed that, while the two-stage SDF approach and univariate approach adopt different procedures for model estimation, their prediction accuracies are similar, and both are superior to the fixed proportion method. In short, this study highlights the potential of the two-stage SDF approach in accounting for crash frequency variations by severity levels, at least for curved two-lane road sections, and especially for the all too frequent cases where samples are too small to estimate viable univariate crash severity models. </p>
Oportunidad perdida
Authors: Sang Ben Peng Kiam Miguel 
Published: July 2022

Este artículo es una evaluación temprana de la interacción en el proceso del Covid-19 y la adaptación del sistema educativo de RepúblicaDominicana a las restricciones sanitarias impuestas. La decisión de la "virtualización" de las clases produjo una inversión en equipos, entrenamiento de profesores y adecuación en el sector universitario y de las escuelas "bilingües". La disposición de volver a la "presencialidad"es estimada como un dislocamiento de la experiencia lograda en las universidades.
Upaya Pencegahan dan Penanganan Stunting
Authors: Hadina Hadina , Hadriani Hadriani , Muliani Muliani , Batjo Siti Hadijah 
Published: July 2022

Kasus stunting di Kecamatan Labuan menempati urutan ketiga tertinggi di Kabupaten Donggala. Tahun 2021 terdapat 142 kasus dari 1.125 balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya pencegahan dan penanganan stunting di Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Donggala Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi fenomenologi. Informan berjumlah 12 orang terdiri dari 7 kepala desa di Kecamatan Labuan, 1 petugas gizi Puskesmas Labuan, 1 bidan koordinator Puskesmas Labuan, dan 3 orang tua balita stunting. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 23 Juni hingga 23 Juli 2021 di Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Donggala. Hasil eksplorasi upaya pencegahan dan penanganan stunting oleh pemerintah di Kabupaten Donggala adalah: penyediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat, penyediaan jamban umum, pembuatan selokan pembuangan limbah, sampah belum dikelola, akses layanan kesehatan, bidan pendamping bidan desa, jaminan kesehatan bagi warga yang kurang mampu, belum ada pendidikan pengasuhan orang tua, penimbangan balita di posyandu tidak rutin, edukasi kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja belum dilakukan, pernikahan dini, serta belum ada tindakan spesifik perbaikan gizi balita yang mengalami stunting. Program belum maksimal dilakukan baik pada intervensi sensitif maupun pada intervensi spesifik. Kepala desa dan pihak puskesmas diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan upaya pencegahan dan penangan sesuai program.
Rancang Bangun Fitur Chatbot Customer Service Menggunakan Dialogflow
Authors: Wiratama Jansen , Sanjaya Samuel Ady , Sugara Victor Ilyas 
Published: July 2022

The quality of providing customer service channels is very influential on customer satisfaction. To keep customer satisfaction, it is necessary to have a good interaction from customer service to the customer. In this case, PT Dian Prima Jayaraya is one of the companies that utilize Solo's application product as a medium for customer service. The development of the Solo application makes the application's features more complex and makes it difficult for users to do activities in the application. Customer service has a role in accommodating questions and answering difficulties experienced by users. The number of incoming questions is quite large, so that the existing customer service team cannot answer. Ignored or unanswered questions can lower the level of customer satisfaction. Therefore, we need a system that can help optimize customer service in a Chatbot to minimize unanswered customer questions. A chatbot is a service powered by rules and artificialintelligence, which the user interacts with through a chat interface. The Chatbot will be built on an iOS prototype application and use the NLP (Natural Language Processing) platform, namely Dialogflow. This platform will process and scan every question given by the customer.
Intelligent Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Harvesting: From Polar Bear Hairs to Unsmooth Nanofiber Fabrication
Authors: Wang Qingli , He Ji-Huan , Liu Zhi 
Published: July 2022

Polar bears can live in an extremely cold environment due to their hairs which possess some remarkable properties. The hollow structure of the hair enables the bear to absorb energy from water, and the white and transparent hairs possess amazing optical properties. However, the surface morphology function of bear hairs has been little-studied. Herein, we demonstrate that the micro-structured scales distributed periodically along the hair can absorb maximal radiative flux from the Sun. This polar bear hair effect has the ability for the hair surface not to reflect radiation with a wavelength of about 500 nm. Mimicking the polar bears’ solar performance in the fabrication of nanofibers will certainly stimulate intelligent nanomaterials for efficient solar energy absorption. Therefore, a new technology is discussed in this work for the fabrication of periodic unsmooth nanofibers toward solar energy harvesting.
A Novel Organic Dopant for Spiro-OMeTAD in High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Ying 
Published: July 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved excellent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs); however, there still exist some major challenges on device stability due to hydrophilic bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (Li-TFSI), which is commonly introduced as a p-dopant to increase the hole mobility and conductivity of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting materials (HTMs). Ion migration, corrosiveness, and hygroscopicity induced by the additive Li-TFSI are detrimental to the device stability, which significantly hinders further commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a hydrophobic organic ionic compound, trityltetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TPP), is explored as a novel efficient and stable alternative p-dopant, avoiding the long-term aging process to improve the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD. As a result, the champion efficiency of TPP-based devices delivers performance up to 23.03%, which is higher than that of the Li-TFSI–based devices (22.39%). In addition, the TPP-based devices also exhibit higher average PCE values. The excellent performance with TPP may be associated with the higher work function of doped spiro-OMeTAD and a better alignment of energy levels with the valence band of perovskite, which substantially accelerate interfacial carrier transportation and minimize the open-circuit voltage (Voc) loss of PSCs. More importantly, the un-encapsulated TPP-doped devices also display much superior operational stability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking with continuous light illumination in an ambient humid environment, which maintained 96–97% of the initial PCE over 1,100 h outputting. Thus, this work will open up new possibilities for hydrophilic Li-TFSI dopant replacements.
Synthesis and Discovery of Ligustrazine–Heterocycle Derivatives as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Ma Shitang , Zhang Ning , Hou Jiafu , Liu Shijuan , Wang Jiawen , Lu Baowei , Zhu Fucheng , Wei Peipei , Hong Ge , Liu Tianjun 
Published: July 2022

Ligustrazine (TMP) is a natural pyrazine alkaloid extracted from the roots of Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort, which has the potential as an antitumor agent. A series of 33 ligustrazine–heterocycle (TMPH) derivatives were designed, synthesized, and investigated via antitumor screening assays, molecular docking analysis, and prediction of drug-like properties. TMP was attached to other heterocyclic derivatives by an 8–12 methylene alkyl chain as a linker to obtain 33 TMPH derivatives. The structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy spectral (HR-MS) data. The antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, mouse breast cancer 4T1, mouse fibroblast L929, and human umbilical vein endothelial HUVEC cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Compound 12–9 displayed significant inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range (0.84 ± 0.02 µM against the MDA-MB-231 cell line). The antitumor effects of compound 12–9 were further evaluated by plate cloning, Hoechst 33 342 staining, and annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The results indicated that compound 12–9 inhibited the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, molecular docking of compound 12–9 into the active site of the Bcl-2, CASP-3, and PSMB5 target proteins was performed to explore the probable binding mode. The 33 newly synthesized compounds were predicted to have good drug-like properties in a theoretical study. Overall, these results indicated that compound 12–9 inhibited cell proliferation through PSMB5 and apoptosis through Bcl-2/CASP-3 apoptotic signaling pathways and had good drug-like properties. These results provided more information, and key precursor lead derivatives, in the search for effective bioactive components from Chinese natural medicines.