bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cisternal oculomotor schwannoma: a rare cause of anisocoria with ptosis in a child
Authors: Parashar Vasudev , Mathur Vaibhav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary nerve sheath tumor of cranial nerve is a rare intracranial space occupying lesion that most commonly involves vestibular nerve. Oculomotor nerve schwannoma, without neurofibromatosis, is an extremely uncommon entity especially in children. Though any cranial nerve can be involved by schwannoma except I and II nerve as these cranial nerves lack a Schwann cell sheath.

Case presentation
We herein report a 14-year-old boy presenting with an oculomotor schwannoma in the absence of features of neurofibromatosis, manifesting as progressive diplopia, ptosis, and blurring of vision.

Conclusions
Most similar previous case reports in literature reported oculomotor schwannoma in adults, unlike our case. The detection rate of such rare lesions has, however, increased in the last two decades due to neuroimaging advances.
Glyphosate induces immune dysregulation in honey bees
Authors: Motta Erick V. S. , Powell J. Elijah , Moran Nancy A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSimilar to many other animals, the honey beeApis melliferarelies on a beneficial gut microbiota for regulation of immune homeostasis. Honey bees exposed to agrochemicals, such as the herbicide glyphosate or antibiotics, usually exhibit dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Considering the relevance of the microbiota–immunity axis for host health, we hypothesized that glyphosate exposure could potentially affect other components of the honey bee physiology, such as the immune system.ResultsIn this study, we investigated whether glyphosate, besides affecting the gut microbiota, could compromise two components of honey bee innate immunity: the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (humoral immunity) and the melanization pathway (cellular immunity). We also compared the effects of glyphosate on the bee immune system with those of tylosin, an antibiotic commonly used in beekeeping. We found that both glyphosate and tylosin decreased the expression of some antimicrobial peptides, such as apidaecin, defensin and hymenoptaecin, in exposed honey bees, but only glyphosate was able to inhibit melanization in the bee hemolymph.ConclusionsExposure of honey bees to glyphosate or tylosin can reduce the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and lead to immune dysregulation.
Enhanced photocatalytic removal of nitric oxide over Ag-decorated ZnSn(OH)6 microcubes
Authors: Pham Minh-Thuan , Van Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Truc Mai Thi , Tran Hong-Huy , Nguyen Hieu Trung , Jiang Jheng-Jie , You Sheng-Jie , Wang Ya-Fen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPresently, most of the population has been facing a string of severe air pollution problems that include the intensive emission of nitric oxide (NO), which requires a practical approach to sustain our living conditions. Herein, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-decorated ZnSn(OH)6 microcubes (Ag:cZHS) photocatalysts are synthesized and used for photocatalytic NO removal under solar light activation. The properties of the newly obtained photocatalysts are comprehensively characterized by a series of typical methods. The NO removal performance over the c:ZHS photocatalysts was increased markedly upon being combined with Ag NPs because of the surface plasmon resonance effect. The contribution of electron (e−), hole (h+), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and oxygen radicals (•O2) was investigated through trapping tests and electron spin resonance analysis. Also, the by-products and apparent quantum efficiency of the photocatalysts were thoroughly studied.
Management of intrathoracic tracheal stenosis: a challenge
Authors: Sathe Nilam U. , Srinivas Anup , Ahmed Saad , Magdum Rajat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheal stenosis is a complicated surgical problem, which because of endoscopic techniques can be managed by less invasive procedures. In our case series of three patients with intrathoracic tracheal stenosis following prolonged use of tracheostomy tube, we describe the initial assessment, investigations, management, and post-operative results of the same. In our series, all three patients were tracheostomised (with a metallic tube) for more than 3 months. This resulted in chronic abrasion of intraluminal tracheal mucosa at thoracic level. We managed them with conservative trans-oral and trans-tracheal laser-assisted release instead of open surgeries like trachea-tracheal resection and anastomosis or Crico-tracheal resection and anastomosis.

Results
In our case series, we chose transoral bronchoscopic fibre laser-assisted release followed by dilatation for one patient and trans-tracheal release for the other two. In the trans-oral case, we faced difficulty in controlling the long length of instruments, thereby effecting the control over the laser tip and precision of cut. During the revision surgery for the same patient, we faced difficulty in securing the airway below the stenosis as it was a low stenosis. In patients 2 and 3, we approached the stenosis site via tracheostomy site, thereby significantly reducing the working length of instruments. This gave us better control over the instruments and we attained better precision in radial incisions. Moreover, if there had been an intraoperative bleeding or aspiration, we could have easily secured the airway by FROVA as distance between stoma and stenosis site was not very long.

Conclusion
CO2 Lase-assisted stenosis release has a very promising result in up to grade III thoracic tracheal stenosis. A good preplanning with anaesthetists and cardiothoracic surgeons for tailor made approach is a must. Intermittent apnoea technique of anaesthesia really helps in such cases of intrathoracic tracheal stenosis. We advocate to always use soft material tracheostomy tube to prevent mucosal abrasion, to avoid a low tracheostomy without appropriate and to proper fix the tracheostomy tube and try for early decannulation.
Policy coherence for national climate change adaptation and invasive species management in four countries
Authors: Casey Jonathan Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study explores the opportunities for interlinkages across national planning processes for invasive species management (ISM), national climate change adaptation plans (NAPs), national biodiversity management plans (NBSAPs), and other related policies. Focusing on four countries—Pakistan, Zambia, Kenya, and Ghana—the paper aims to identify policy recommendations for more integrated approaches and to achieve greater efficiency in resource allocation and spending. It finds that there is currently very little integration between these policy areas, and little overlap in implementation systems. It identifies sub-national planning and governance systems as an optimal area for increased harmonization of policy and practice to facilitate locally-led climate adaptation and area-specific responses to ISM issues.
Forensic psychiatry in the arctic – a comparative study of patient characteristics, health care system and legislation in greenland and nunavut
Authors: Upfold C. , Jentz C. , Chaimowitz G. , Heilmann P. , Nathanielsen N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGreenland and the Canadian territory of Nunavut appear to have a different prevalence of forensic psychiatric patients, despite their comparable population and landmass sizes. Both are mainly inhabited by Inuit with a similar cultural and social background. Both have a universal health care system. They differ, however, concerning the supply of mental health services and legislation concerning forensic psychiatric patients.ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of forensic psychiatric patients in Greenland and Nunavut.MethodsData is obtained from health records, forensic psychiatric evaluations and court acts from all forensic psychiatric patients 18 years or older living in Greenland or admitted to the University Hospital Aarhus (N≈100). Data extracted from Nunavut Review Board hospital reports will be used to describe the patient population from Nunavut (N≈15). Patient characteristics include gender, age, marital status, education, diagnosis of mental illness, medical treatment, family history of mental illness and serious adverse childhood experiences. Public documents concerning health systems and legislation will be identified through literature search.ResultsPatient characteristics from the two patient populations, as well as visualizations of the differences and similarities between the respective health care and legislative systems will be presented at the conference.ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive clinical, socio-demographic and forensic comparison of the forensic psychiatric populations in Greenland and Nunavut, Canada. To our knowledge, it will be the first to describe and compare forensic psychiatric populations in the Arctic.
A descriptive study of fratricide in tunisia
Authors: Guermazi A. , Omri S. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Bouali M. Maalej , Zouari L. , Thabet J. Ben , Charfi N. , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionViolence between brothers and / or sisters is one of the most important forms of violence within families. To understand homicides between them, the hypothesis of rivalry has been put forward. But how is it really in reality?ObjectivesTo construct both the clinical and medicolegal profile of perpetrators of fratricide and sororicide.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 12 cases of fratricide, which were examined in the context of criminal psychiatric expertise in the psychiatry department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia), between January 2002 and December 2018.ResultsThe mean age of offenders was 31.9 years; they were all male. Eight fratricide perpetrators were unmarried and had an irregular occupation. They had a psychiatric follow-up prior to homicide in 5 cases. Previous criminal records were noted in one third of the cases. Three perpetrators of fratricide were using psychoactive substances. History of violence against the victim was presented in 7/12 of cases, and the victim was younger than the perpetrator in 5 cases. Aggression was premeditated in 4 cases. The knife was the most used weapon (11/12). Seven offenders suffered from a major mental illness. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (6/12). The experts had concluded that 8 cases were in a state of insanity at the time of the offense.ConclusionsOur data indicates that fratricides are lack preparation and most often preceded by violence. It seems to be important to do other researches to assess psychopathology and assess risk factors for fratricide.
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviour in adolescents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Romero S. , Mendez I. , Lera S. , Santamarina P. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD).Methods47 adolescents, ages 12 to 19 years (15.8 ± 2), meeting DSM-5 criteria for BD-I (n=40) and BD-II (n=7) were assessed using the KSADS-PL and tested with a battery of tests measuring mood, psychotic symptoms, life events and functioning. History of suicidal attempts (SA) was ascertained using the K-SADS-PL.Results: One third (n=15, 32%) of the BD sample had a lifetime history of SA. There were no differences in socio-demographics factors between SA versus non- SA. BD adolescents with lifetime SA, were more likely to have lower weight at birth, a lifetime history of comorbid eating disorder, non-suicidal self-injurious behavior, 2nd degree family history of suicide attempt, and more stressful life events as compared with non-attempters. Adolescents with lifetime history of SA also showed statistically significant higher scores in depression, suicidal ideation and anxiety as compared with BD adolescents without lifetime SA. Logistic regression analysis found that the most robust correlates of SA in adolescents with BD were having 2nd degree family history of SA, the interaction of self-injury behavior and comorbid eating disorder and increased number of life events. Limitations: Retrospective data. Small sample size. Since this is a cross-sectional study, no inferences regarding causality can be made. Conclusion: One third of the adolescents with BD have attempted suicide. These results are in agreement with previous studies. History of SA in adolescents with BD is strongly associated with family history of suicidal behavior, lifetime self-injury behavior with comorbid eating disorder and increased number of stressful life events.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Involuntary placement of a mentally ill person in a psychiatric hospital and care institution
Authors: Arold A. , Kostomarova J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn the mental health area, the most problematic issues are the involuntary placement of the mentally ill in closed institutions, both under civil and criminal proceedings, and their involuntary treatment. Despite the international efforts of harmonizing measures, the nature and practice of the services still vary from country to country.ObjectivesTo analyse involuntary placement of persons with mental disorders in closed institutions under civil and criminal proceedings, which include both psychiatric hospitals and care institutions.MethodsReview and analysis of regulations and practice of involuntary placement of a person with a mental disorder in a closed institution in the context of Estonian, Finnish, Russian, and English law, health care and social system.ResultsEstonian, Finnish, Russian, and English law distinguish between criminal and civil proceedings regarding involuntary placement of a mentally ill person in a closed institution. However, specifics of the proceedings are different among the countries, e.g. judicial involvement, and deadlines. Also, the provision of forensic mental health services differ among these countries, e.g. in Estonia offenders and non-offenders are kept separately, whilst in England and Russia patients are not distinguished so strictly.ConclusionsThe distinction between involuntary placement of the mentally ill in criminal and civil proceedings is distinguished primarily for the reason that in one case the risk arising from the person is directly realized by committing an unlawful act and in the other case the risk arising from the person is directed at themselves or is not qualified as an unlawful act.
Policies, recommendations and training to respond to patient microaggressions and hate speech aimed at healthcare professionals: A systematic review
Authors: Wittkower D. , Bryan J. , Asghar-Ali A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatient microaggressions and hate speech affect practitioners in all fields of healthcare. In some facilities, 100% of healthcare workers report experiencing harassment and hate speech, with the aggressors most frequently being patients. To date, there has been no systematic review of policies, recommendations and trainings on patient microaggressions and hate speech against healthcare professionals.ObjectivesA systematic review was conducted to identify recommendations and solutions for healthcare professionals on responding to patient microaggressions and hate speech. Additionally, websites of major healthcare professional organizations and the 6 largest healthcare systems were checked for policy statements related to discrimination by patients towards healthcare providers.MethodsA literature search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC and MedEdPORTAL. Articles that contained recommendations and trainings for responding to microaggressions and hate speech were retained. 13 Leading professional organizations and 6 healthcare systems were checked for policies on discrimination by patients.ResultsOur review identified 27 studies providing recommendations and trainings for healthcare professionals to address patient hate speech and microaggressions. Three professional organizations but no healthcare systems had policies on discrimination by patients.ConclusionsSeven trainings that equip providers with tools to address patient microaggressions and hate speech were identified. Trainings included the ERASE framework; Stop, talk, and roll; interrupting microaggressions; and the OWTFD tool. Nineteen studies outlined recommendations for healthcare professionals and systems on how to respond to patient offenses. Professional organizations and healthcare systems need to create policies to support healthcare professionals who face microaggressions and hate speech.
What is special about suicidal depression?
Authors: Courtet P. , Olie E. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveBipolar disorder is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders among suicidal patients. A large part of patients with bipolar disorder (30–50%) will attempt suicide. Suicidal ideation being a major risk factor of suicidal act, it is crucial to better characterize patients with suicidal bipolar depression (i.e. depression with current suicidal ideation). The aim of this study was to characterize suicidal bipolar depressed patients in comparison with non-suicidal depressed patients in terms of clinical characteristics, evolution of depression and suicidal ideation course over time, and risk of suicide attempt during follow-up.MethodsAmong patients with bipolar disorder recruited from the network of FondaMental expert centres for bipolar disorder between 2009 and 2017, we selected patients with at least mild depression and without current manic symptomatology at baseline (N = 938). Suicidal depression was defined by a baseline score ⩾2 for item 12 of the QIDS-SR (28.9%). A subsample of about 300 patients (w/ or w/o suicidal ideation at baseline) was followed up for 2 years.ResultsBaseline clinical features (e.g. depression severity, childhood trauma, global functioning) were more severe in patients with without suicidal depression. Suicidal patients tended to remain more suicidal throughout the followup (3.4-fold higher risk of persistent suicidal ideation at the 2-year visit despite an improvement in depressive symptomatology).ConclusionsDepressed bipolar disorder patients reporting suicidal ideation had more severe clinical features and were more prone to report persistent suicidal ideation during the follow-up, independently of thymic state. Clinicians should closely monitor this subgroup of patientsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
It might not be just an intellectual disability: Change of behavior masking the diagnosis of cancer in a psychiatry unit
Authors: Nombora O. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntellectually disabled people are vulnerable to somatic and mental illnesses, often presenting behaviour changes. Moreover, difficulties in describing symptoms can limit their access to healthcare system and adequate treatment.ObjectivesThrough a case report, we aim to provide an overview on behaviour changes in people with intellectual disability (ID), emphasizing the screening for organic conditions.MethodsDescription of a clinical case and a qualitative review about the assessment of behaviour changes in persons with ID, using PubMed database.ResultsWe present a clinical case of a 57-year-old man with history of ID, alcohol and tobacco abuse and Epilepsy. He had previous acute psychiatric admissions due to behaviour disorganization and irritability. In January he was admitted with disorganized behaviour and caregiver exhaustion, and stabilized with Olanzapine 20mg/day. On the 28th day of hospitalization, he fell of his of bed and suffered a mild traumatic brain injury. Cerebral CT scan revealed two metastatic lesions in the brain. Further investigations found out primary neoplastic lung lesion and multiple metastasis. Afterwards, his relatives mentioned a heavy familiar history of cancer and that he had postural instability signs that they did not value.ConclusionsAlthough psychiatric disorders are common in patients with ID, we must always remind that behaviour changes can mask the presentation of an organic disease. Despite a long follow-up in Psychiatry, organic conditions should be considered when patients with ID present behaviour changes. Further studies are needed in the assessment of this particular population to provide proper medical, psychological and social care.
Profile of mood states-27: A valid and reliable measure of negative and positive affect for brazilian pregnant women
Authors: Barros M. , Aguiar M. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe original Profile of Mood States (McNair et al. 1971) is composed of 65 items to measure six affect dimensions. There is a Portuguese shorter version (POMS-27) for the perinatal period (Bos et al. 2013), which reduced the number of items (adjectives) down to 27. Although briefer, it still covers relevant mood states with good psychometric properties, being considered a good alternative to use during this demanding and busy period.ObjectivesTo test if PoMS-27, composed of four dimensions (Depression, Anxiety, Vigour, Fatigue) and one second-order factor (Negative Affect, composed by the former two) is valid and reliable to be used with pregnant women from Brazil.MethodsAfter confirming the items semantic equivalence and slightly adapt two adjectives from European to Brazilian Portuguese, 350 pregnant women (Mean age: 30.01±5.452; Mean gestation weeks=25.17±6.55), with uncomplicated pregnancies, completed the PoMS-27 and the Brazilian recently validated versions of Perinatal Depression Screening Scale and Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PDSS; PASS; Barros et al. 2021). SPSS and AMOS software were used.ResultsAfter deleting two items (20 and 22) and some errors were correlated, CFA indicated that the PoMS-25 four-dimensional model presented an acceptable fit (χ2=3.163; RMSEA=.079, CFI=.868, TLI=.849). The Cronbach alphas of the dimensions were: Depression (.82), Anxiety (.86), Negative Affect (.89), Fatigue (.80) and Vigor (.50).ConclusionsWithin this psychometric study we found useful, valid and reliable measure of negative and positive affect for Brazilian pregnant women. From now on we will denominate it Profile of Mood States-25Br
History of medical body: Demystifying the continuum of psychiatry and psychoanalysis
Authors: Gairola V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe aim of this paper lies in demystifying, historicizing, and de-alienating the relationship between psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Both psychiatry and psychoanalysis inform each other and are informed by each other in various ways which are on one hand similar and on the other hand unique. Medicine can be seen psychoanalytically, and a presenting complaint to a psychoanalytic psychotherapist can be seen in psychiatric terms.ObjectivesThis paper theorizes the ‘and’ between psychiatry and psychoanalysis. What is that bridging telling us? There is already an invisible ‘and’ which joins psychiatry and psychoanalysis even before this visible ‘and’ was placed in between them. The effort here is not to undermine the difference. It is to be aware that the thing which separates is also a thing which connects. In other words, each separation is a link. It is to understand how psychiatrists have contributed to the method and practice of psychoanalysis and visa versa. It is about witnessing the continuum that is ever-present between psychiatry, psychology, and psychoanalysis.MethodsThis research used primary sources like books and articles to historicize the psychiatric conceptualization of the medical body.ResultsIt shows how psychiatry and psychoanalysis inform each other and are informed by each other. To locate the historical conceptions which are still ever-present in modern psychiatry. How the 18th-century division between normal and abnormal is based on an older division between good and evil.ConclusionsGood and evil continue to operate in the realm of psychiatry and the confessional becomes a prime source for psychiatry and psychoanalysis.