bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing robust and reversible watermarking algorithm and detection of malicious manipulation
Authors: Damghani Hamidreza , Estaji Soheila , Damghani Leila 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, due to the importance of embedding encrypted information in the image, a watermarking method is proposed based on local statistics in pixels. The advantages of the proposed method include its complete reversibility and very high security, which is due to the use of the quadtree concept, finding similar parts in the image, and embedding information in low‐energy and less significant pixels. This method is an alternative and simplifier of the quadtree method, dividing the image into identical non‐overlapping blocks and then choosing the block with less energy as more suitable for watermarking. Also, two criteria of mean‐squared‐error and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) have been calculated and the PSNR shows that image quality has not changed too much after hiding the information than the original image. It should be noted that since the proposed method is applied to black and white images, the result can be generalized to different color channels in the image, and color images have more visible capabilities in terms of cached memory than black and white images because they contain three dimensions of information.
Autophagic response of intestinal epithelial cells exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics
Authors: Xu Xin , Feng Yudong , Han Chenjie , Yao Zhengrong , Liu Yaxin , Luo Chi , Sheng Jinghao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence demonstrates that the bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) in the gastrointestinal tract has negative effects on health. Until now, little information has been available regarding the potential hazards of PS‐NPs to intestinal epithelial barriers. In this study, we employed cellular and animal models to investigate the adverse effects of PS‐NPs on intestinal epithelium and the underlying mechanism. We found that PS‐NPs affected the growth and survival of intestinal epithelial cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. PS‐NPs accumulated in the cytoplasm, resulting in an impaired autophagic flux and inducing an autophagic response. This response was also confirmed in vivo. Our results provide new insights into the internalization of PS‐NPs and the resultant autophagy response in intestinal epithelial cells.
Genome‐wide investigation of multiplexed CRISPR‐Cas12a‐mediated editing in rice
Authors: Zhang Yingxiao , Wu Yuechao , Li Gen , Qi Aileen , Zhang Yong , Zhang Tao , Qi Yiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) nucleases like Cas9 and Cas12a are revolutionizing plant basic research and crop breeding. A major advantage of CRISPR over earlier nucleases systems is its capability of multiplexed genome editing. However, it remains unknown about the potential off‐target effects when multiple concurrent DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are induced in a crop genome. Here, we investigated this important question in rice (Oryza sativa) using a highly multiplexed CRISPR‐Cas12a system. With whole‐genome sequencing, we first revealed high genome editing specificity of Mb2Cas12a and protospacer adjacent motif promiscuity of LbCas12a. We discovered large chromosomal rearrangement events in edited rice plants that endured many (e.g., >50) simultaneous DSBs, but not in plants that endured lower order DSBs (e.g., <10). Our results shed important light on the analysis and regulation of engineered crops derived from CRISPR‐Cas mediated multiplexed genome editing.
Prenatal screening and diagnosis of pulmonary artery anomalies
Authors: Lesieur E. , Zaffran S. , Chaoui R. , Quarello E. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTCongenital pulmonary artery anomalies are rare. Their antenatal diagnosis requires good knowledge of fetal cardiac anatomy because their clinical presentation varies depending on the type and severity of the underlying lesion. Screening of these vascular anomalies can be straightforward in some cases because of significant associated consequences that are detected easily on ultrasound, while other anomalies have considerably less obvious features. There may be an associated genetic syndrome. The aim of this review was to define anomalies of the main pulmonary artery and its branches and to propose, through the identification of suspicious findings during routine antenatal heart examination, an optimal screening method for the pulmonary artery pathway. We propose that pulmonary artery anomalies can be classified antenatally into four types of disorder. Herein we describe 14 cases subgrouped accordingly as: anomalies of the pulmonary valvular region, with stenosis or atresia of the valve (n = 4); conotruncal abnormalities (n = 4); anomalies associated with abnormal origin or course of the pulmonary artery (n = 4); and anomalies associated with abnormal growth of the pulmonary artery and its branches (n = 2). We highlight the need to differentiate the three‐vessel view from the three‐vessel‐and‐trachea view when assessing a fetus with a congenital pulmonary artery anomaly. © 2022 The Authors.Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Necessary optimality conditions for two dimensional fractional optimal control problems and error estimates for the numerical approximation
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Mehra Mani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the necessary optimality conditions and a new method for solving a class of two dimension fractional optimal control problem (FOCP‐2D) based on shifted Legendre polynomials. By using the Lagrange multiplier method and integration by part formula within the calculus of variations, the necessary optimality conditions are derived as two‐point fractional‐order boundary value problem. Fractional operators of shifted Legendre polynomial are computed and the necessary optimality conditions have been converted into a system of algebraic equations by utilizing these fractional operators. L2‐error estimates in the approximation of a function and its fractional derivative by shifted Legendre polynomial have been derived. Moreover, convergence analysis of the proposed method has also been discussed and in the last, illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in intracranial hemorrhage patients with hematological diseases
Authors: Zhang Jia-Yuan , Li Ying , Ma Yue-Shen , Sun Xiu-Juan , Liu Yong-Ze , Yin Yan-Ke , Hu Bo , Su Ming-Huan , Li Qiu-Ling , Mi Ying-Chang , Li Da-Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe clinical characteristics and prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with hematological diseases remain controversial. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and explore the prognostic factors in such patients. A total of 238 ICH patients with a hematological disease were recruited from the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, China, from January 2015 to April 2020. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the prognostic factors for 30-day mortality in ICH patients with a hematological disease. There were 123 cases of acute leukemia (AL), 20 of myelodysplasia/myeloproliferative neoplasm, 35 of aplastic anemia (AA), 29 of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), 19 of congenital/acquired coagulation factor deficiency, and 12 of other hematological diseases. Furthermore, 121 patients presented with a multi-site hemorrhage (MSH), 58 with a single-site hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma (PCH), 23 with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, 33 with a subdural hemorrhage (SH), and three with an epidural hemorrhage. The Cox proportional hazards model indicated association of SH (vs PCH, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.230; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.053–0.996; P = 0.049), low white blood cells (≤ 100 × 109/L vs > 100 × 109/L, HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.348–0.910; P = 0.019), AA (vs AL, HR: 0.408; 95% CI: 0.203–0.821; P = 0.012), and ITP (vs AL, HR: 0.197; 95% CI: 0.061–0.640; P = 0.007) with improved 30-day mortality. However, increased age (HR: 1.012; 95% CI: 1.001–1.022; P = 0.034), MSH (vs PCH, HR: 1.891; 95% CI: 1.147–3.117; P = 0.012), and a disturbance of consciousness (HR: 1.989; 95% CI: 1.269–3.117; P = 0.003) were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. In conclusion, in this study, we revealed the clinical characteristics of Chinese ICH patients with a hematological disease. Moreover, we identified risk factors (age, white blood cells, AA, ITP, SH, MSH, and a disturbance of consciousness) that may influence 30-day mortality.
Compact spaces associated to separable Banach lattices
Authors: Avilés Antonio , Martínez-Cervantes Gonzalo , Rueda Zoca Abraham , Tradacete Pedro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the class of compact spaces that appear as structure spaces of separable Banach lattices. In other words, we analyze what C(K) spaces appear as principal ideals of separable Banach lattices. Among other things, it is shown that every such compactum K admits a strictly positive regular Borel measure of countable type that is analytic, and in the nonmetrizable case these compacta are saturated with copies of $$\beta {{\mathbb{N}}}.$$

β
N
.

Some natural questions about this class are left open.
Réflexions épistémologiques sur l’illicéité résultant de l’incompatibilité du droit interne par rapport au droit international
Authors: SIMO EMMANUEL 
Published: September 2022

RésuméLa schématisation de l’obligation juridique sous la forme d’une obligation de comportement ou de résultat poursuit un objectif cognitif tendant à en déterminer l’objet et l’exécution. Toutefois, en droit international, la démarche informe très souvent une logique de catégorisation. Or, dans les rapports de systèmes, le droit interne n’est pas seulement l’objet de l’obligation internationale, il est dans certains contextes la condition de son exécution. Par ailleurs, du fait de l’insuffisant accommodement de la schématisation à l’ontologie de l’obligation internationale, les doctrines dualiste et civiliste qui inspirent ses cadres de pensée en obèrent la valeur heuristique. Après avoir relevé l’incidence de ce porte-à-faux sur la saisie phénoménologique de l’illicéité, l’auteur suggère d’envisager l’obligation juridique sous la forme d’une proposition hypothétique. Cette démarche permet, en amont, d’identifier la position logique du droit interne dans l’obligation internationale; en aval, de mettre en lumière la part que prend son incompatibilité dans la concrétisation de l’illicéité.
‘The food is not enough’: disability and food aid technologies in a Ugandan refugee settlement
Authors: Schuler Maria-Theres 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Uganda’s refugee policy framework, food aid targets the most vulnerable – among them people with disabilities – using a categorization system. This article explores the entanglements of this technology of food distribution with disabled people’s socialities. It reveals that the system does not achieve its proposed rationale of creating equal opportunities for people who are disadvantaged within Uganda’s refugee policy of self-reliance, and that it falls short in enabling disabled people to fulfil roles and responsibilities. Nevertheless, food aid is a significant contribution that allows refugees with disabilities to cultivate family and non-kin relationships. Exploring these interdependent relations around food aid calls into question the ideas of equality and independence as fundamental principles of living together.
Healthy and unhealthy low-carbohydrate diets and plasma markers of cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Huang Yong , Li Xiude , Zhang Tengfei , Zeng Xueke , Li Meiling , Li Haowei , Yang Hu , Zhang Chenghao , Zhu Yu , Zhang Zhuang , Tang Min , Yang Wanshui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have reported inconsistent associations between low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and plasma lipid profile. Also, there is little evidence on the role of the quality and food sources of macronutrients in LCD in cardiometabolic health. We investigated the cross-sectional associations between LCD and plasma cardiometabolic risk markers in a nationwide representative sample of the US population. Diet was measured through two 24-h recalls. Overall, healthy (emphasising unsaturated fat, plant protein and less low-quality carbohydrates) and unhealthy (emphasising saturated fat, animal protein and less high-quality carbohydrate) LCD scores were developed according to the percentage of energy as total and subtypes of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Linear regression was used to estimate the percentage difference of plasma marker concentrations by LCD scores. A total of 34 785 participants aged 18–85 years were included. After adjusting for covariates including BMI, healthy LCD was associated with lower levels of insulin, homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and TAG, and higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, with the percentage differences (comparing extreme quartile of LCD score) of −5·91, −6·16, −9·13, −9·71 and 7·60 (all Ptrend < 0·001), respectively. Conversely, unhealthy LCD was associated with higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and LDL-cholesterol (all Ptrend < 0·001). Our results suggest that healthy LCD may have positive, whereas unhealthy LCD may have negative impacts on CRP and metabolic and lipid profiles. These findings underscore the need to carefully consider the quality and subtypes of macronutrients in future LCD studies.
Impact of Horizontal Resolution (Submesoscale Permitting vs. Mesoscale Resolving) on Ocean Dynamic Features in the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Renhao , Jia Liqun , Li Chunyan , Liu Yu , Han Bo , Chen Dake 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModel resolution is a key factor that impacts the model bias in simulating ocean dynamics. How would model resolution influence model bias is an important question. In this study, we set up two sets of experiments with identical settings except the grid resolution, one with a minimum spacing of 2 km, referred to as the submesoscale permitting (SP) model, and the other with a minimum spacing of 6 km, referred to as the mesoscale resolving (MR) model, to investigate the impact of horizontal resolution on simulated dynamic features in the South China Sea. Results show that the SP outperforms the MR model in simulating both barotropic and baroclinic tides, upper ocean circulation, sea surface height, and temperature in the South China Sea, and in simulating the evolution of the eddy pair east of Indo‐China Peninsula in summer and the Kuroshio loop current in the Luzon Strait in winter. The SP model also performs better in simulating thermal structure within the ocean and the winter mixed layer depth. Additionally, the SP model can capture more vertical motion features. The superiority of the SP model lies in its ability to better resolve terrain features that have a significant impact on ocean dynamical processes, and to resolve more physical processes. As a result, the SP model relies less on the uncertain parameterized processes. Our study has important implications for studies on the modeling of physical oceanography in the South China Sea, as well as for the reduction of climate model biases.
Ocean Heat Uptake Efficiency Increase Since 1970
Authors: Cael B. B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ocean stores the bulk of anthropogenic heat in the Earth system. The ocean heat uptake efficiency (OHUE)–the flux of heat into the ocean per degree of global warming–is therefore a key factor in how much warming will occur in the coming decades. In climate models, OHUE is well‐characterized, tending to decrease on centennial timescales; in contrast, OHUE is not well‐constrained from Earth observations. Here OHUE and its rate of change are diagnosed from global temperature and ocean heat content records. OHUE increased over the past five decades by 0.19 ± 0.04 W/m2K, and was on average 0.58 ± 0.08 W/m2K during this period. This increase is attributed to steepening anthropogenic heat gradients in the ocean, and corresponds to several years' difference in when temperature targets such as 1.5 or 2°C are exceeded.
Magnetospheric Reconnection and Geomagnetic Storms: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Gonzalez Walter D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis commentary paper presents summaries of my research work on magnetospheric reconnection and on geomagnetic storms, to which I have devoted most of my professional career in space physics. Thus, the paper summarizes: (a) my early studies on the magnetospheric reconnection‐electric field, involving observations and a model of the related polar cap‐electric field during events with observed interplanetary driving parameters and (b) studies on several fundamental aspects associated with the origin of geomagnetic storms, especially leading to intense and extreme levels of activity, mostly associated with the arrival of geoeffective Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The latter also involves studies on recurrent geomagnetic activity caused by interplanetary high‐speed streams, among which “High‐Intensity, Long‐Duration and Continuous Auroral Activity (HILDCAAs for short)” events were shown to represent a special class. In the final Section, I have added some comments on recent issues dealing with fundamental concepts on reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause.
Stress Drops of Intermediate‐Depth and Deep Earthquakes in the Tonga Slab
Authors: Tian Dongdong , Wei S. Shawn , Wang Wei , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultiple physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cause of intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes, but they are still under debate. Source parameters such as stress drop, have the potential to provide insight into their physical mechanisms. We develop a modified spectral decomposition method to analyze 1‐year seismic data from temporary land‐based and ocean bottom seismographs in a complex subduction zone. By applying this method to investigate 1,083 intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes in the Tonga slab, we successfully resolve the source spectra and stress drops of 743 MW 2.6–6.0 earthquakes. Although the absolute stress drops are subject to the choices of source model parameters, the relative stress drops are more reliably resolved. The median stress drop of Tonga earthquakes does not change with respect to magnitude but decreases with depth by 2–3 times in two separate depth ranges of 70–250 and 400–600 km, corresponding to intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes, respectively. The median stress drops show spatial variations, with two high‐stress‐drop (five times higher than the ambient value) regions, coinciding with strong local deformation where the Tonga slab bends or tears. In the Tonga double seismic zone at 120–300 km depths, the median stress drop appears smaller in the lower plane than in the upper plane, suggesting a slower rupture velocity or a higher fluid content in the lower‐plane region. Our results suggest that intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes in the Tonga slab generally follow the earthquake self‐similar model and favor the fluid‐related embrittlement hypothesis for both groups of earthquakes.
Nonvolatile chirality switching in terahertz chalcogenide metasurfaces
Authors: Bao Jiaxin , Chen Xieyu , Liu Kuan , Zhan Yu , Li Haiyang , Zhang Shoujun , Xu Yihan , Tian Zhen , Cao Tun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractActively controlling the polarization states of terahertz (THz) waves is essential for polarization-sensitive spectroscopy, which has various applications in anisotropy imaging, noncontact Hall measurement, and vibrational circular dichroism. In the THz regime, the lack of a polarization modulator hinders the development of this spectroscopy. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that conjugated bilayer chiral metamaterials (CMMs) integrated with Ge2Sb2Te5(GST225) active components can achieve nonvolatile and continuously tunable optical activity in the THz region. A THz time-domain spectroscopic system was used to characterize the device, showing a tunable ellipticity (from ‒36° to 0°) and rotation of the plane polarization (from 32° to 0°) at approximately 0.73 THz by varying the GST225 state from amorphous (AM) to crystalline (CR). Moreover, a continuously tunable chiroptical response was experimentally observed by partially crystallizing the GST225, which can create intermediate states, having regions of both AM and CR states. Note that the GST225 has an advantage of nonvolatility over the other active elements and does not require any energy to retain its structural state. Our work allows the development of THz metadevices capable of actively manipulating the polarization of THz waves and may find applications for dynamically tunable THz circular polarizers and polarization modulators for THz emissions.
Association of general and abdominal adiposity with postural changes in systolic blood pressure: results from the NAKO pretest and MetScan studies
Authors: Moreno Velásquez Ilais , Jaeschke Lina , Steinbrecher Astrid , Boeing Heiner , Keil Thomas , Janke Jürgen , Pischon Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe association between anthropometric measurements and postural changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) has not been frequently reported. This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with postural changes in SBP in two German cross-sectional studies. Data were derived from 506 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) pretest and from 511 participants of the convenience sample-based MetScan studies. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between BMI and WC with the difference between standing and sitting SBP (dSBP). Odds ratios (ORs) for an increase (dSBP > 10 mmHg) or decrease (dSBP ≤ −10 mmHg) in dSBP were calculated using logistic regression. The results were pooled by meta-analysis using an inverse variance model. In pooled analysis, a 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with a 1.46 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.94) higher dSBP, while a 5 cm higher WC was associated with a 0.51 mmHg (95% CI 0.32–0.69) higher dSBP. BMI or WC were associated with a higher odds of an increase in dSBP (adjusted OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.36–2.14 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI and 1.22; 95% CI 1.05–1.40 per 5 cm higher WC) but with a reduced odds of a decline in dSBP (adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.44–1.00 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI and 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.99 per 5 cm higher WC). The associations between WC and dSBP were no longer statistically significant after BMI adjustments. In conclusion, higher BMI and higher WC were associated with higher postural increases in SBP; however, WC was not related to postural changes in SBP once adjusted for BMI.