bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding strong gravitational lenses through self-attention
Authors: Thuruthipilly Hareesh , Zadrozny Adam , Pollo Agnieszka , Biesiada Marek 
Published: June 2022

Context.The upcoming large-scale surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time, are expected to find approximately 105strong gravitational lenses by analysing data many orders of magnitude larger than those in contemporary astronomical surveys. In this case, non-automated techniques will be highly challenging and time-consuming, if they are possible at all.Aims.We propose a new automated architecture based on the principle of self-attention to find strong gravitational lenses. The advantages of self-attention-based encoder models over convolution neural networks (CNNs) are investigated, and ways to optimise the outcome of encoder models are analysed.Methods.We constructed and trained 21 self-attention-based encoder models and five CNNs to identify gravitational lenses from the Bologna Lens Challenge. Each model was trained separately using 18000 simulated images, cross-validated using 2000 images, and then applied to a test set with 100 000 images. We used four different metrics for evaluation: classification accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, and TPR0and TPR10scores (two metrics of evaluation for the Bologna challenge). The performance of self-attention-based encoder models and CNNs participating in the challenge are compared.Results.The encoder models performed better than the CNNs. They were able to surpass the CNN models that participated in the Bologna Lens Challenge by a high margin for the TPR0and TPR10. In terms of the AUROC, the encoder models with 3 × 106parameters had equivalent scores to the top CNN model, which had around 23 × 106parameters.Conclusions.Self-attention-based models have clear advantages compared to simpler CNNs. They perform competitively in comparison to the currently used residual neural networks. Self-attention-based models can identify lensing candidates with a high confidence level and will be able to filter out potential candidates from real data. Moreover, introducing the encoder layers can also tackle the overfitting problem present in the CNNs by acting as effective filters.
RV-detected planets around M dwarfs: Challenges for core accretion models
Authors: Schlecker M. , Burn R. , Sabotta S. , Seifert A. , Henning Th. , Emsenhuber A. , Mordasini C. , Reffert S. , Shan Y. , Klahr H. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Planet formation is sensitive to the conditions in protoplanetary disks, for which scaling laws as a function of stellar mass are known.
Aims. We aim to test whether the observed population of planets around low-mass stars can be explained by these trends, or if separate formation channels are needed.
Methods. We address this question by confronting a state-of-the-art planet population synthesis model with a sample of planets around M dwarfs observed by the HARPS and CARMENES radial velocity (RV) surveys. To account for detection biases, we performed injection and retrieval experiments on the actual RV data to produce synthetic observations of planets that we simulated following the core accretion paradigm.
Results. These simulations robustly yield the previously reported high occurrence of rocky planets around M dwarfs and generally agree with their planetary mass function. In contrast, our simulations cannot reproduce a population of giant planets around stars less massive than 0.5 solar masses. This potentially indicates an alternative formation channel for giant planets around the least massive stars that cannot be explained with current core accretion theories. We further find a stellar mass dependency in the detection rate of short-period planets. A lack of close-in planets around the earlier-type stars (M* > 0.4 M⊙) in our sample remains unexplained by our model and indicates dissimilar planet migration barriers in disks of different spectral subtypes.
Conclusions. Both discrepancies can be attributed to gaps in our understanding of planet migration in nascent M dwarf systems. They underline the different conditions around young stars of different spectral subtypes, and the importance of taking these differences into account when studying planet formation.
A search for transiting planets around hot subdwarfs
Authors: Thuillier A. , Van Grootel V. , Dévora-Pajares M. , Pozuelos F. J. , Charpinet S. , Siess L. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Hot subdwarfs, which are hot and small He-burning objects, are ideal targets for exploring the evolution of planetary systems after the red giant branch (RGB). Thus far, no planets have been confirmed around them, and no systematic survey to find planets has been carried out.
Aims. In this project, we aim to perform a systematic transit survey in all light curves of hot subdwarfs from space-based telescopes (Kepler, K2, TESS, and CHEOPS). The goal is to compute meaningful statistics on two points: firstly, the occurrence rates of planets around hot subdwarfs, and secondly, the probability of survival for close-in planets engulfed during the RGB phase of their host. This paper focuses on the analysis of the observations carried out during cycle 1 of the TESS mission.
Methods. We used our specifically designed pipeline SHERLOCK to search for transits in the available light curves. When a signal is detected, it is processed in the next evaluating stages before an object is qualified for follow-up observations and in-depth analysis to determine the nature of the transiting body.
Results. We applied our method to the 792 hot subdwarfs observed during cycle 1 of TESS. While 378 interesting signals were detected in the light curves, only 26 stars were assigned for follow-up observations. We have identified a series of eclipsing binaries, transiting white dwarfs, and other types of false positives, but no planet has been confirmed thus far. A first computation of the upper limit for occurrence rates was made with the 549 targets displaying no signal.
Conclusions. The tools and method we developed proved their efficiency in analysing the available light curves from space missions, from detecting an interesting signal to identifying a transiting planet. This will allow us to fulfil the two main goals of this project.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Babusiaux C. , Fabricius C. , Khanna S. , Muraveva T. , Reylé C. , Spoto F. , Vallenari A. , Luri X. , Arenou F. , Álvarez M. A. , Anders F. , Antoja T. , Balbinot E. , Barache C. , Bauchet N. , Bossini D. , Busonero D. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Carrasco J. M. , Dafonte C. , Diakité S. , Figueras F. , Garcia-Gutierrez A. , Garofalo A. , Helmi A. , Jiménez-Arranz Ó. , Jordi C. , Kervella P. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z. , Leclerc N. , Licata E. , Manteiga M. , Masip A. , Monguió M. , Ramos P. , Robichon N. , Robin A. C. , Romero-Gómez M. , Sáez A. , Santoveña R. , Spina L. , Torralba Elipe G. , Weiler M. 
Published: June 2022

Context.The thirdGaiadata release (DR3) provides a wealth of new data products. The early part of the release,GaiaEDR3, already provided the astrometric and photometric data for nearly two billion sources. The full release now adds improved parameters compared toGaiaDR2 for radial velocities, astrophysical parameters, variability information, light curves, and orbits for Solar System objects. The improvements are in terms of the number of sources, the variety of parameter information, precision, and accuracy. For the first time,GaiaDR3 also provides a sample of spectrophotometry and spectra obtained with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer, binary star solutions, and a characterisation of extragalactic object candidates.Aims.Before the publication of the catalogue, these data have undergone a dedicated transversal validation process. The aim of this paper is to highlight limitations of the data that were found during this process and to provide recommendations for the usage of the catalogue.Methods.The validation was obtained through a statistical analysis of the data, a confirmation of the internal consistency of different products, and a comparison of the values to external data or models.Results.GaiaDR3 is a new major step forward in terms of the number, diversity, precision, and accuracy of theGaiaproducts. As always in such a large and complex catalogue, however, issues and limitations have also been found. Detailed examples of the scientific quality of theGaiaDR3 release can be found in the accompanying data-processing papers as well as in the performance verification papers. Here we focus only on the caveats that the user should be aware of to scientifically exploit the data.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Tanga P. , Pauwels T. , Mignard F. , Muinonen K. , Cellino A. , David P. , Hestroffer D. , Spoto F. , Berthier J. , Guiraud J. , Roux W. , Carry B. , Delbo M. , Dell’Oro A. , Fouron C. , Galluccio L. , Jonckheere A. , Klioner S. A. , Lefustec Y. , Liberato L. , Ordénovic C. , Oreshina-Slezak I. , Penttilä A. , Pailler F. , Panem Ch. , Petit J.-M. , Portell J. , Poujoulet E. , Thuillot W. , Van Hemelryck E. , Burlacu A. , Lasne Y. , Managau S. 
Published: June 2022

Context.The third data release by theGaiamission of the European Space Agency (DR3) is the first release to provide the community with a large sample of observations for more than 150 thousand Solar System objects, including asteroids and natural planetary satellites. The release contains astrometry (over 23 million epochs) and photometry, along with average reflectance spectra of 60518 asteroids and osculating elements.Aims.We present an overview of the procedures that have been implemented over several years of development and tests to process Solar System data at the level of accuracy thatGaiacan reach. We illustrate the data properties and potential with some practical examples.Methods.In order to allow the users ofGaiaDR3 to best exploit the data, we explain the assumptions and approaches followed in the implementation of the data processing pipeline for Solar System processing, and their effects in terms of data filtering, optimisation, and performances. We then test the data quality by analysing post-fit residuals to adjusted orbits, the capacity of detecting subtle dynamical effects (wobbling due to satellites or shape and Yarkovsky acceleration), and to reproduce known properties of asteroid photometry (phase curves and rotational light curves).Results.The DR3 astrometric accuracy is a clear improvement over the data published in DR2, which concerned a very limited sample of asteroids. The performance of the data reduction is met, and is illustrated by the capacity of detecting milliarcsecond-level wobbling of the asteroid photocentre that is due to satellite or shape effects and contributes to Yarkovsky effect measurements.Conclusions.The third data release can in terms of data completeness and accuracy be considered the first full-scale realisation of the Solar System survey byGaia.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Ducourant C. , Krone-Martins A. , Galluccio L. , Teixeira R. , Le Campion J.-F. , Slezak E. , de Souza R. , Gavras P. , Mignard F. , Guiraud J. , Roux W. , Managau S. , Semeux D. , Blazere A. , Helmer A. , Pourbaix D. 
Published: June 2022

Context.Since July 2014, theGaiaspace mission has been continuously scanning the sky and observing the extragalactic Universe with unprecedented spatial resolution in the optical domain (∼180 mas by the end of the mission).Gaiaprovides an opportunity to study the morphology of the galaxies of the local Universe (z < 0.45) with much higher resolution than has ever been attained from the ground. It also allows us to provide the first morphological all-sky space catalogue of nearby galaxies and galaxies that host quasars in the visible spectrum.Aims.We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium CU4-Surface Brightness Profile fitting pipeline, which aims to recover the light profile of nearby galaxies and galaxies hosting quasars.Methods.The pipeline uses a direct model based on the Radon transform to measure the two-dimensional surface brightness profile of the extended sources. It simulates a large set of 2D light profiles and iteratively looks for the one that best reproduces the 1D observations by means of a Bayesian exploration of the parameters space. We also present our method for setting up the input lists of galaxies and quasars to be processed.Results.We successfully analysed 1 103 691 known quasars and detected a host galaxy around 64 498 of them (∼6%). We publish the surface brightness profiles of the host for a subset of 15 867 quasars with robust solutions. The distribution of the Sérsic index describing the light profile of the host galaxies peaks at ∼0.8 with a mean value of ∼1.9, indicating that these galaxies hosting a quasar are consistent with disc-like galaxies. The pipeline also analysed 940 887 galaxies with both a Sérsicand a de Vaucouleurs profile and derived robust solutions for 914 837 of them. The distribution of the Sérsic indices confirms thatGaiamostly detects elliptical galaxies and that very few discs are measured.
Immunohistochemical Tumor Characteristics of Breast Cancer according to Participation in the Mammography Screening Program
Authors: Mathys Britta , Urbschat Iris , Hilbert Marni , Kieschke Joachim , Hecht Gerold 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Breast cancer detected in participants of the German Mammography Screening Program (MSP) shows a favorable distribution of prognostic parameters and hormone receptor status compared to cancer in non-participants, even including interval cancers. The aim of our study is to examine the distribution of intrinsic breast cancer subtypes considering the proliferation marker Ki-67 in participants and non-participants in a population-based setting and to evaluate the association between Ki-67 and tumour characteristics.
Methods Population based data from the Epidemiological Cancer Registry Lower Saxony is analysed in this retrospectiv observational study. 1115 cases of breast cancer (in situ and invasive, year of diagnosis 2014) among women aged 50–69 years and residing in the regions of two screening units of Lower Saxony are included (n = 285 634 biennially entitled women). The group of the participants containes cancers that are detected by screening or in the interval of 24 month after a negative screening. The group of non-participants includes all breast cancers without match with screening data.
Results Considering cases with invasive breast cancer (n = 953) tumours detected in screening participants are more often diagnosed in early T stage (T1, p < 0,0001), HER2 negativ (p = 0,0336), with lower Ki-67 percentage scores (p < 0,0003) and without loco-regional lymph node involvement (p < 0,0001), compared to tumours in non-participants – even including interval cancers. Regarding grading both groups show less differences (p = 0,1718), because interval cancer are more comparable with cancers in non-participants. We find distinct differences in distribution of the intrinsic suptypes between both groups (p < 0,0003): especially in category Luminal A (38,4 % vs. 26,7 %), but also in the categories Luminal A or B (26,7 vs. 22,1 %), Luminal B (21,1 vs. 30,6 %), HER2 enriched (5,1 vs. 7,8 %) und triple-negative (8,8 vs. 12,8 %). Ki-67 is associated with all analysed prognostic factors, first of all with grading (p < 0,0001).
Discussion According to the S3-Guidelines an adjuvant chemotherapy can be avoided in the majority of Luminal A type breast cancers. Assuming that both groups received a guideline-based therapy MSP participants (including interval cancers) could be treated with less aggressive systemic therapy compared with cancers in non-participants. Our results indicate for both groups that Ki-67 is a prognostic marker, which is not independent of other histopathological factors.
Natural history of gastrointestinal schwannomas
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Aggarwal Manik , Chadalavada Pravallika , Siddiqui Mohamed Tausif , Garg Rajat , Lai Keith , Chahal Prabhleen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Data are lacking on the natural history of gastrointestinal tract schwannomas. We aimed to study the natural history of all gastrointestinal schwannomas including location, diagnosis, management, and long-term outcomes.
Patients and methods Patients with a pathological diagnosis of gastrointestinal schwannoma between January 2000 and March 2020 were identified. Data on baseline demographics, presentations, associated malignancies, malignant transformation, treatment, and recurrence were collected.
Results Our cohort consisted of 44 patients with a mean age of 58.6 years, with 63.6 % women and 84.1 % White. The stomach (38.6 %) was the most common location followed by the colorectum (31.8 %). Only 22.7 % of patients were symptomatic and 22.0 % had a personal history of other malignancies. Tissue diagnosis was obtained via endoscopy in 47.7 % and from surgical pathology in 52.3 %. On histology, 65.9 % of the tumors were solid, 11.4 % had mixed features, and 2.3 % had necrosis. SP100 was tested in all but one patient and was positive in all. Mean Ki-67 in 12 patients with tumors measuring ≥ 2 cm was 3.0 % indicating a low proliferation rate. Of the patients, 77.3 % had surgery and 18.2 % underwent endoscopic resection. At a mean follow-up of 5.0 ± 4.31 years, there was no malignant transformation, recurrence or mortality associated with gastrointestinal schwannomas.
Conclusions Gastrointestinal schwannomas are diagnosed in the fifth to sixth decade with predominance in women and Whites. They are benign, mostly asymptomatic, and diagnosed incidentally. Asymptomatic gastrointestinal schwannomas including lesions ≥ 2 cm in size do not appear to need further monitoring or intervention. Patients with them should be counseled to remain up to date with routine screening guidelines pertaining to the colon, breast, and lung cancer due to the high incidence of concomitant malignancy.
A new tool for bile duct tissue sampling: ex vivo clinical evaluation of intraductal cryobiopsy for cholangioscopy
Authors: Wirsing Lukas , Linzenbold Walter , Jaeger Simon U. , Stahl Phillip , Ott German , Leibold Tobias , Enderle Markus , Albert Jörg , Peveling-Oberhag Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Indeterminate biliary strictures represent a major challenge in clinical diagnostics. Diagnostic yield of radiological, endoscopic imaging and histopathological diagnosis is insufficient. The cryobiopsy technique is a new method for tissue extraction already used in different clinical settings. The aim of this ex vivo clinical study was to investigate feasibility and tissue quality of cryobiopsy in the bile duct.
Patients and methods We included 14 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Bile duct samples were taken with either a new prototype cryoprobe or one of two forceps types. Results were analyzed for general feasibility, specimen size, histological assessability as well as representativity of retrieved tissue.
Results Feasibility of cholangioscopic forceps was poor compared to gastric biopsy forceps or cryobiopsy. Significantly larger tissue samples were obtained with cryobiopsy (5.6 ± 4.5 mm2) compared to gastric biopsy forceps (3.3 ± 5.1 mm2, P = 0.006). Furthermore, cryobiopsy was superior in histological assessment quality (P = 0.02) and concerning representativity (P = 0.03).
Conclusions Cryobiopsy in the bile duct is feasible and the quality of the obtained tissue is high. Further investigation of bile duct cryobiopsy in vivo is warranted.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Review of Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Ferguson Devin Patrick , Grewal Ruby 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCubital tunnel syndrome is one of the most common upper extremity nerve entrapment conditions. Clinical examination and electrodiagnostic studies assist in the diagnosis. Mild cases can be successfully treated conservatively, aiming to reduce traction and compression on the nerve. Surgical management of cubital tunnel syndrome is increasing in frequency. Multiple surgical options exist ranging from simple decompression to decompression and anterior transposition of the nerve. There is no preferred surgical technique. It is critical to reduce the risk of recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome. Revision surgical procedures have worse outcomes than primary surgical procedures.
Quality measures in endoscopy: A systematic analysis of the overall scientific level of evidence and conflicts of interest
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Aziz Muhammad , Baniqued Matthew R. , Taneja Vikas , El-Dallal Mohammed , Lee-Smith Wade , Elias Sameh , Feuerstein Joseph D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Quality measures were established to develop standards to help assess quality of care, yet variation in endoscopy exists. We performed a systematic review to assess the overall quality of evidence cited in formulating quality measures in endoscopy.
Methods A systematic search was performed on multiple databases from inception until November 15, 2020, to examine the quality measures proposed by all major societies. Quality measures were assessed for their level of quality evidence and categorized as category A (guideline-based), category B (observational studies) or category C (expert opinion). They were also examined for the type of measure (process, structure, outcome), the quality, measurability, review, existing conflicts of interest (COI), and patient participation of the quality measure.
Results An aggregate total of 214 quality measures from nine societies (15 manuscripts) were included and analyzed. Of quality measures in endoscopy, 71.5 %, 23.8 %, and 4.7 % were based on low, moderate, and high quality of evidence, respectively. The proportion of high-quality evidence across societies was significantly different (P = 0.028). Of quality measures, 76 % were quantifiable, 18 % contained patient-centric outcomes, and 7 % reported outcome measures. None of the organizations reported on patient involvement or external review, six disclosed existing COI, and 40 % were published more than 5 years ago.
Conclusions Quality measures are important to standardize clinical practice. Because over 70 % of quality measures in endoscopy are based on low-quality evidence, further studies are needed to improve the overall quality to effectively set a standard, reduce variation, and improve care in endoscopic practice.