bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of several main hydrogen production technologies
Authors: Wu Qinglin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With economic development, social progress, and population growth, mankind’s demand for energy increases. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are accelerating consumption, and these fossil fuels are non-renewable, and their reserves are very limited. If we continue to use fossil fuels uncontrollably, it will inevitably cause acid rain and global warming. As a renewable energy source, hydrogen energy has the least environmental pollution, and hydrogen energy can be dispersed in large quantities and converted from renewable energy. At present, hydrogen production technology and cost are high. This article briefly explains the principles and advantages, and disadvantages of several hydrogen production technologies, etc., and the cost and work efficiency of various technologies. Studies have shown that biomass pyrolysis and photocatalytic hydrogen production have higher efficiency and lower cost, which can be used as future research directions. However, there are problems such as the unclear hydrogen production mechanism of biological pyrolysis and unstable solar energy. And its future research and development directions are discussed in more detail. The research on hydrogen production technology is to satisfy the requirements of national economic development and social development needs.
Discussion About Carbon-Based Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Fan Jingming , Wang Yuechen , Zheng Zexuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Activated carbon, as one type of hydrogen storage material have long been attracted by a measure of researchers. Some of the activated carbon’s properties may fall short compared with other materials; their characteristics like high surface area, easy-to-prepare, pretty small diameters, however, keep their status as one of the best choices for hydrogen storage. Carbon nanotube is considered as a promising candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage, and there is quite much research have been conducted to synthesize low-cost carbon nanotube with low absorption temperatures, high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage densities, flexibility, good resistance to oxidation, high hardness, good reversibility and cyclic ability and moderate thermodynamic stability. Carbon fiber has shown its unique advantages among many other solid-state hydrogen storage materials. Carbon fiber might be the best for hydrogen storage since its low gas-solid interaction, tunable texture, surface area, high pore volume and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Additionally, the carbon fiber could also control its pore size for better absorption of a great number of hydrogen molecules. Based on several indexes, this literature introduce above three types of solid-state hydrogen materials, which hopefully are able to be favorable to further researches on relevant fields.
Advanced separators for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Kailin , Li Yingxin , Zhan Haoxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The separator technology is a major area of interest in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for high-energy and high-power applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage for power grids. Separators play an essential part that physically prevents direct contact between positive and negative electrodes while acting as an electrolyte reservoir to transport lithium ions. The characteristics of different separators would directly affect the performance under cell abuse; hence separators are crucial for battery safety. This paper introduces the characteristics of separators, means to improve traditional commercial polymeric separators and novel materials for separators. Other novel high-performance separators are also briefly discussed in this paper. Insights from this paper illustrate that various strategies could enhance the performance of separators, and better performance and safety can be achieved in separators in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Methodologies of energy system research and analysis by world top energy think tanks
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Chen , Tan Jian , Gao Lang , Fan Chengliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Think tanks are mainly engaged in policy research, while having influence on public policies, as well as serving policy makers and the public. Exploring the intelligence research methodologies and applications of the world’s top energy think tanks can promote the innovation of Chinese energy think tanks in research methods and can improve the scientificity and objectivity of research results, accelerating the construction of Chinese new energy think tanks. This paper investigates and sorts out the research results and methods of top energy think tanks around the world, and then provides new ideas for the creation of energy think tank research methods suitable for Chinese actual conditions from the strategic and practical levels. The study finds that international authoritative energy think tanks make analysis and predictions mainly through adopting multiple types of investigation method, introducing research models and tools in various disciplines, and combing with visual images, which shows the characteristics of extensiveness, digitizing, and intelligence.
Research on the Mechanism of Aggregate and Distributed Generation Participating in the Power Market
Authors: Li Yongliang , Yan Zhenhua , Xia Xuwei , Ma Junwei , Zhu Dongge , Guo Shaoyong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, distributed power generation has made great progress, but it is still restricted by factors such as low marketlization, lagging public services, and incomplete management systems. This paper studies the trading mechanism of distributed power participation in the market. First, it studies the participation of aggregated distributed power generation resources in the power market; then based on the model of distributed power generation resources that participating in the market through aggregated agents based on this article, the market mechanism is designed.Finally, a calculation example is adopted and the proposed method is verified.
Wind Energy Innovative Application on Shanghai Tower and Analytical Contrast with Other Buildings
Authors: Hu Yiwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, wind energy as well as its innovative technology (wind turbine) is introduced. Original source, application, categories, principles, products etc are presented as the background introduction. As the typical building that integrates wind turbines on its structure, Shanghai Tower is regarded as the reference group in this research. Bahrain World Center, Strata Tower and Pearl River Tower are three sustainable buildings that utilize wind turbine technology as well, which are comparative groups. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of wind energy technology and to differentiate between wind turbines on different buildings according to some dimensions such as efficiency, cost and availability. Moreover, the future prospects and probable improvements on the wind turbines will also be discussed in this paper.
Feasibility study on the formulation of air non-point source emission standard in China
Authors: Wang Xiu-Teng , Liu Jing , Yang Shuo , Lin Ling , Huang Jin , Zhang Xiaoxin , Fang Fei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Emission standards of air pollutants are the legal basis for environmental management. Compared with the point source emission, the non-point source pollution of the air is mostly unorganized, which has the characteristics of large scope, random, hidden and difficult to control. It is difficult to take effective measures to control pollution, and the emission standard of atmospheric non-point source pollution is basically blank. In order to design a scientific and reasonable standard system, we have summarized the characteristics of atmospheric non-point source pollution, summarized the difficulties that dates back to the atmospheric non-point source emission standard in China, analyses the problems in the process of atmospheric non-point source emissions standards, put forward the principles for atmospheric non-point source emission standards. Finally we present the feasibility of typical atmospheric non-point source emission standards in China.
Fuzz Growth under Fusion Reaction and Estimation of Blanket’s lifespan
Authors: Wang Yilin , Huang Zexi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tungsten has been regarded as a candidate of plasma facing material (PFM) in magnetic fusion reactor (MFR) due to its high strength, high thermal conductivity, and low erosion rates. Alpha particles, as the by-product of the D-T fusion reaction, will collide onto the Tungsten divertor and form nanotendril structures called “fuzz” with an estimation of 3.4 MeV energy. In this paper, we simulated by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) to investigate the diffusing time and damage rate of the alpha particles on Tungsten. To describe the fuzz generation, the concepts in the diffusion model are utilized to describe the fuzz generation with corresponding techniques (e.g., Fick’s Migration Law). Through this diffusion model, we can derive an estimated lifespan for a divertor blanket that matches the design of general fusion reactors. These results pave a path to investigate the irradiation damage for Tungsten in divertor blankets.
The impact of hazardous substances in cosmetics, and treatment measures
Authors: Chen Xun , Li Xinyi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Humans have studied numerous environmental pollution issues and improved treatment in the past, but few people are aware that cosmetics are also potential environmental pollution factors. This article first discusses that most cosmetics contain hazardous substances, and then examines the effects of these hazardous substances on the natural environment, organisms, and humans. According to studies, cosmetics primarily contain heavy metals, organics, and other hazardous substances, which can pollute the environment’s water and soil, limit organism reproduction and growth, and cause a variety of physiological ailments in humans. The article then proposes two technologies for effectively treating hazardous substances in cosmetics: biosorbent and activated carbon fiber-polyethersulfone (ACF-PES) ultrafiltration composite membrane, both of which adsorb and effectively degrade hazardous substances via their respective physical and chemical properties. Moreover, this article examines the necessity and feasibility of measures for the government, corporations, and the general public to participate in the treatment of hazardous substances in cosmetics. Legislation to regulate and supervise cosmetics production should be strengthened by the government. Corporations should manufacture green cosmetics and promote the use of green cosmetics. To limit the impact of hazardous substances in cosmetics, the general public can employ strategies such as using less or purchasing cosmetics containing less dangerous substances. The article promotes a greater understanding of the dangers of harmful substances in cosmetics and offers some suggestions for reducing their effects.
Study on cooperative treatment of natural gas pipeline cleaning wastewater and membrane module
Authors: Jing-dongYang  , Ji Shou-hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Membrane module and pigging wastewater are common pollutants in natural gas transmission process. The treatment of these pollutants is difficult. In this paper, ultrasonic (US), persulfate (PS) and ultrasonic coupled persulfate were used to degrade organic matter in natural gas cleaning wastewater. The effects of pH, initial PS concentration, ultrasonic power, PS dosing batch and other factors on chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation efficiency of pigging wastewater were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal treatment effect can be obtained when the dosage of sodium PS is 80g/L, pH=4, the dosing number is 5, and the ultrasonic power is 840 W. After 6 h of reaction, the removal rate of COD can reach 80.08 %. Considering the synergistic treatment of the ultrasonic coupling PS on the solid-liquid pollutant, we adjust the ultrasonic power to 55W (frequency is 40kHz), pH=4.5, dosing twice (total dosage 150mg/L), and the final COD concentration below 100mg/L. However, when pre-ultrasonic activated persulfate in clear water, COD removal rate can reach 95.35 %, which can meet the effluent requirements.
The Hazards of Electric Car Batteries and Their Recycling
Authors: Wan Taotianchen , Wang Yikai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, under the double pressure of energy exhaustion and environmental deterioration, the development of electric vehicles has become the major development trend of the automotive industry in the future. This paper discusses the problem of abandoned batteries caused by the limited life of a large number of batteries with the prosperity of new energy vehicle industry. This paper lists and analyzes the different characteristics of batteries commonly used by three new energy vehicles in the market :(1) lead-acid batteries will not leak in the use process due to tight sealing, but their use cycle is very short. (2) The production of nickel metal hydride battery is relatively mature, its production cost is low, and compared with lithium electronic battery is safer. (3) Lithium-ion batteries are made of non-toxic materials, which makes them known as “green batteries”. However, they are expensive to make and have poor compatibility with other batteries. Because discarded batteries pose a threat to human health and environmental sustainability, lithium-ion batteries may overheat and fire when exposed to high temperatures or when penetrated, releasing carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide that can be very harmful to human health. In addition, waste batteries will also cause water pollution and inhibit the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms and other potential dangers. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle it efficiently. This paper then introduces the advantages of three recycling methods: step utilization and recovery, ultrasonic recovery and sodium ion battery. These recycling methods can maximize the reuse efficiency of waste batteries. This paper expects to find a better way to recycle waste batteries to solve the potential problems of improper disposal of waste batteries and reduce the environmental hazards of waste batteries.
Multi-angle Analysis of Electric Vehicles Battery Recycling and Utilization
Authors: Wang Shuli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Under the dual pressure of resource and environment, electric vehicles (EVs) will gradually replace fuel vehicles as a new trend. Among them, the recycling and utilization of EV batteries have attracted much attention. This article indicates the classification of EV batteries and the importance of battery recycling, and proposes some measures to recycle batteries. The research in this paper shows that the current EV batteries mainly include lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and ternary lithium batteries. It was emphasized that heavy metals leaked from waste batteries cannot be normally degraded by microorganisms in water bodies and soil, and heavy metals can endanger human health through the food chain through water bodies, plants, animals, etc. At the same time, the recycling of precious metals and valuable metals in the battery can realize resource recycling. Faced with the problems in the EV battery recycling and utilization industry, the customers should strengthen their awareness of battery recycling. The enterprises should work closely with other related enterprises to form a more complete battery recycling industry chain. The government should issue policies and regulations for supervision and management. And the recycling system for battery recycling, cascade utilization, and resource reuse should be improved. This article provides a way to maximize the utilization of EV battery resources, reduce the adverse impact on the environment, and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality as soon as possible.
Thermogravimetric analysis of the co-combustion of bituminous coal,rice straw and sewage sludge
Authors: Qin Zhiming , Lei Ming , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
At present, it is recognized as the most promising way to dispose biomass by mixed combustion with coal in thermal power plants. The thermal behavior of bituminous coal (BC), rice straw (RS) , sewage sludge (SS) and their blending during combustion processes was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in this paper. RS and SS are blended with BC at the ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively, The ignition performance, combustion characteristics and burnout performance of BC mixture were investigated and compared. RS improves the ignition performance and the comprehensive combustion characteristics of BC mixture, the comprehensive characteristic index decreased with the increase of the RS blending ratio. SS decreases the flammability index and comprehensive combustion index of BC mixture, when the blending rates over 20%, which makes difficult the ignition and combustion of the BC mixture.
Practical research on the modular equipment for the treatment of rural decentralized domestic sewage
Authors: Xue Xingfu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The research and application of the modular equipment for decentralized domestic sewage treatment based on the technologies of anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic and membrane bioreactor methods are carried out and the result shows that the technical and economic indexes at each stage of the study all meet and exceed the first class A emission standard of urban sewage treatment pollutant emission standard(GB18918-2002). The concept of decentralized treatment offers great potential for developing sustainable environmental protection and energy conservation, decentralized sewage control and management will result in significant savings in capital and operating costs for drainage networks and pumping stations especially in water-scarce areas. Decentralized wastewater treatment should be regarded as an important concept of municipal wastewater treatment and a feasible treatment program. Decentralized wastewater treatment technology has a broad development prospect in the future wastewater treatment field.
Effects of freshwater acidification and countermeasures
Authors: Chen Changan , Lin Juntong , Liu Yuhang , Ren Xiangru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, pollution has become a serious problem with the development of industry and the exploitation of the earth’s resources. Acid rain and lake acidification caused by pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide has caused serious effects in many places. Nowadays people do not know the ecological influence of acidification, how to detect it and how it recovers. This paper examines the effects of acid rain on fish, plants and microorganisms in freshwater lakes, as well as how to detect acid rain and how to manage and recover from it. The results are not always clear, but there is a lot of evidence that acidification is changing lakes in many aspects, whether living or non-living things, small or widespread factors, acidified freshwater is no longer what it used to be. By examining those problems, people can protect the environment more effectively. Reducing the occurrence of acid rain and the damage it causes in the future. The significance of this paper is analyzing the ecological influence of acid rain, studying and discussing the negative impact on species, and giving some solutions for people, governments and companies for acidification. Furthermore, lake water self-cleaning is also considered in the solution as well. Acid rain causes acidification of the soil, which has a negative impact on agriculture. And it also damages the breeding environment of animals, reducing their reproductive success. For example, fish, microorganisms, and plants can be negatively affected by acidification of the lake water, even leading to extinction.
Evaluation of non-point source pollution based on grey water footprint method: A case study in the urban agglomeration of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou
Authors: Wu Hongyan , Yu Shujie , Yue Wencong , Rong Qiangqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on a grey water footprint method, NPS pollution in the urban agglomeration of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou was evaluated in this research. The results showed that the NPS pollution level in this urban agglomeration decreased from 1995 to 2019. The grey water footprint of NPS pollution in the cities of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou had similar variation characteristic, which showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and finally increasing during the research period. The largest source of grey water footprint of NPS pollution was land use, followed by livestock and poultry breeding. The water pollution level of NPS pollution was highest in Shenzhen and lowest in Huizhou, which was in the same order as gross domestic product (GDP) in this agglomeration. Thus, city governments should attach more importance to prevention and control of NPS pollution in the process of economic development, especially for land use source.
Evolution, Causes and Influence Factors of Taal Volcanic Activities
Authors: Bai Xinyuan , Xie Shaojing , Zhu Yanjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Volcanoes are a kind of geological feature which can bring both destruction and wealth to human beings. This study takes the eruption of Taal Volcano on January 12, 2020 as an example to analyze its eruption evolution, causes and influence factors via QGIS software. Taal Volcano lies at the southwestern end of a convergent boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea tectonic plates where volcanic activities are frequent. Results show that the evolution of the eruption consists of increased CO2 flux, seismic swarms, phreatic explosion chronically. The origin of the volcano is the subduction of the oceanic plate and terrestrial plate. Volcanic eruptions are mostly due to pressurization by active convergent plates activities. The eruption emitted tephra and gas, which exerted impacts on the atmosphere, the nearby vegetation and the water body, and was predicted to result in an El Nino. High concentration of particles, dispersed tephra output, a sharp increase in SO2 and CO content, variation in atmospheric ozone, and rise in humidity were observed in the atmosphere following the eruption. The volcanic output wiped out the plant cover on the volcano island, and covered the vegetation outside of the volcano island, as shown in the RGB band composite and land cover change monitoring images generated using QGIS from Sentinel-2 data. The volcanic output’s influences on nearby water bodies were shown through drops in ocean salinity and Taal lake’s PH, variation in ocean temperature, and increased ocean’s surface latent heat flux.