bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepandemic Social Integration: Protection or Risk for Older Adults in the Time of COVID-19?
Authors: Li Lydia W , Hu Rita Xiaochen , Luo Meng Sha , McLaughlin Sara J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between prepandemic social integration and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and test whether the association is mediated by social support received and social events missed during the pandemic. We also explored age, race, gender, and socioeconomic differences in the association.MethodsWe adopted a prospective design. Path analysis was conducted using data from the COVID-19 supplement (2020) and the 2019 wave of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The sample represents Medicare beneficiaries aged 70 years and older (N = 2,694). Social integration was measured using a six-item index. A standardized scale assessed PTSD symptoms. Both social support received and social events missed were single-item measures. The analysis controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, prepandemic physical and mental health, and coronavirus exposure during the pandemic.ResultsPrepandemic social integration was positively associated with PTSD symptoms during the pandemic. The association was primarily mediated by social events missed—high levels of prepandemic social integration were associated with missing more social events during the pandemic resulting in more PTSD symptoms. Social support received was also a mediator—social integration was positively associated with social support received during the pandemic, with more received support associated with greater PTSD symptoms. Prepandemic social integration had no significant direct effect on PTSD symptoms. The direct, indirect, and total effects of social integration on PTSD symptoms did not significantly differ by age, race, gender, education, or poverty status.DiscussionSocial integration may carry mental health risks in times of infectious disease outbreaks.
Empirical correlations between an FAS non-ergodic ground motion model and a GIT derived model for Central Italy
Authors: Morasca P , D'Amico M , Sgobba S , Lanzano G , Colavitti L , Pacor F , Spallarossa D 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARY
In this study, we investigate the correlation between the residuals of a neGMM (non-ergodic Ground Motion Model) and the physics-based parameters obtained using a non-parametric GIT approach (Generalized Inversion Technique) to lay the groundwork for the implementation of an ad-hoc FAS (Fourier Amplitude Spectra) neGMM for the Central Italy region. This region is particularly suitable for data-driven methodologies as those applied in this work because of the large amount of available data due to the recent multiple main shock–aftershock sequences occurred in this area. Both neGMM and GIT models are developed for Fourier spectra in the frequency range between 0.5 and 25 Hz and using the same reference sites. The comparison of the non-ergodic terms with the source, path and site spectral parameters provides interesting results. First, we find a strong correlation between the source parameters, stress drop Δσ and decay ${k}_{\mathrm{ source}}$ and the source neGMM corrective terms (the combination of the between-event δBe and the location-to-location terms δL2L). This correlation is frequency dependent and, at high frequency, is remarkably positive for Δσ and negative for ${k}_{\mathrm{ source}}$. Concerning the attenuation terms, the path-to-path residuals (δP2P) are clearly associated with the deviations from the regional Q estimates obtained from GIT analysis. This indicates that the neGMM properly captures the properties of the anelastic attenuation and that the corrective terms δP2P can be used to account for differences in travel paths across different crustal domains. Finally, adopting the same reference sites for neGMM and non-parametric GIT, we observe that the systematic site terms (δS2Ss) and the GIT-derived amplification functions are in good agreement. The next step for an appropriate modelling is to identify the physical parameters (e.g. VS,30 and ${k}_0$) describing the empirical amplification curves to be introduced as explanatory variables in the ground motion model.
The Modified Mucosal Inflammation Noninvasive Index and Endoscopic Remission in Adults With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Yogev Dotan , Verstockt Bram , Dignass Axel , Focht Gili , Atia Ohad , Dotan Iris , Vermeire Severine , Turner Dan 
Published: November 2022

Lay SummaryThe Mucosal Inflammation Noninvasive Index is a validated noninvasive tool to assess endoscopic remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease. In this study, we evaluated a modified version of the Mucosal Inflammation Noninvasive Index on adult cohorts to explore its validly in adult Crohn’s disease.
Maternal age and the risk of low birthweight and pre-term delivery: a pan-Nordic comparison
Authors: Aradhya Siddartha , Tegunimataka Anna , Kravdal Øystein , Martikainen Pekka , Myrskylä Mikko , Barclay Kieron , Goisis Alice 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Advanced maternal age at birth is considered a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. A recent study applying a sibling design has shown, however, that the association might be confounded by unobserved maternal characteristics.

Methods
Using total population register data on all live singleton births during the period 1999–2012 in Denmark (N = 580 133; 90% population coverage), Norway (N = 540 890) and Sweden (N = 941 403) and from 2001–2014 in Finland (N = 568 026), we test whether advanced maternal age at birth independently increases the risk of low birthweight (LBW) (&lt;2500 g) and pre-term birth (&lt;37 weeks gestation). We estimated within-family models to reduce confounding by unobserved maternal characteristics shared by siblings using three model specifications: Model 0 examines the bivariate association; Model 1 adjusts for parity and sex; Model 2 for parity, sex and birth year.

Results
The main results (Model 1) show an increased risk in LBW and pre-term delivery with increasing maternal ages. For example, compared with maternal ages of 26–27 years, maternal ages of 38–39 years display a 2.2, 0.9, 2.1 and 2.4 percentage point increase in the risk of LBW in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. The same patterns hold for pre-term delivery.

Conclusions
Advanced maternal age is independently associated with higher risk of poor perinatal health outcomes even after adjusting for all observed and unobserved factors shared between siblings.
Comparing single-sitting versus modular text message surveys in Egypt
Authors: Haas Georg-Christoph , Keusch Florian , Frölich Markus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Text message surveys enable cost-efficient data collection and can be applied with hard-to-reach populations while other survey modes suffer from undercoverage in regions with low landline and/or internet penetration. Little is known about how to best administer surveys in this mode. We experimentally compared two different designs of automated text message surveys in terms of response rate, nonresponse bias, and participation in a follow-up survey in Egypt. In the single-sitting design, respondents automatically received a text message with a new question once they replied to a question. In the modular design, respondents received a new question each day, regardless of whether they had responded to the previous question. We invited 1,081 Egyptian parents of kindergarten children who owned a mobile phone to participate in a text message survey with eight questions on the nutrition behavior of their children. We found that, compared to the single-sitting design, the modular design yielded a higher number of answered questions but had fewer fully completed questionnaires. We found no nonresponse bias in either group and no difference in the probability of responding to a follow-up survey. Our results will help researchers make design decisions about how to implement text message surveys.
A test of the “hybridity hypothesis:” support for celebrity political expression, political ideology, and need for cognitive closure
Authors: Young Dannagal G , Oittinen Erin , Hoffman Lindsay H , Lambe Jennifer L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Are conservatives more likely than liberals to oppose celebrity political expression? And if so, is this attributable to the overwhelmingly liberal ideology of the actors, musicians, and athletes who speak out on political matters? The hybridity hypothesis suggests that opposition to celebrity political expression might also be grounded in individuals’ psychological predispositions and resulting aesthetic preferences. Using 2018 national CCES data (N = 1000), we test the relationships between political beliefs, psychological traits, and support for celebrity political expression. Results indicate that need for cognitive closure is significantly negatively associated with support for celebrity expression, and that this relationship functions independently of the political leanings of the audience and of the political nature of the expression being made. The notion that a psychological need for closure is associated with less approval of certain forms of political discourse has important democratic implications, especially given the documented link between need for cognitive closure and political conservatism.
A consensus building study to define the role of a ‘clinical’ pharmacy technician in a Primary Care Network environment in England
Authors: Street Kerry A , Taylor Andrea D J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo define criteria of the role of a clinical pharmacy technician that can be applied to the Primary Care Network environment in England.MethodConsensus building study using Delphi methodology conducted in three stages: Stage 1: topic generation from a literature review; Stage 2: Delphi process via Jisc Online Surveys; Stage 3: analysis and presentation of identiﬁed topics.Key findingsA consensus-defined list of 61 criteria appropriate for the role description of a clinical pharmacy technician across all healthcare sectors was derived. This was refined to 35 criteria considered most important to the role of a clinical pharmacy technician working in a Primary Care Network environment. A qualitative analysis of expert panel comments identified the importance of defining the level at which a pharmacy technician conducts each element of the role, suggesting they would be working at an ‘advanced’ level. Due to the advanced nature of this role, day-to-day supervision would be less than that of a pharmacy technician, and usually conducted by a pharmacist. This research supports existing international literature that a clinical pharmacy technician role releases capacity for other healthcare professionals to focus on more complex patient cases.ConclusionThis research has provided a defined list of criteria considered appropriate for the role description of a clinical pharmacy technician. The need to evidence levels of pharmacy technician practice against recognised competency frameworks alongside clear role descriptors was noted. This study adds to the limited international research about pharmacy technician roles and supports the International Pharmaceutical Federation Pharmaceutical workforce development goals.
Recursive moment computation in Filon methods and application to high-frequency wave scattering in two dimensions
Authors: Maierhofer G , Iserles A , Peake N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the efficient approximation of highly oscillatory integrals using Filon methods. A crucial step in the implementation of these methods is the accurate and fast computation of the Filon quadrature moments. In this work we demonstrate how recurrences can be constructed for a wide class of oscillatory kernel functions, based on the observation that many physically relevant kernel functions are in the null space of a linear differential operator whose action on the Filon interpolation basis is represented by a banded (infinite) matrix. We discuss in further detail the application to two classes of particular interest: integrals with algebraic singularities and stationary points and integrals involving a Hankel function. We provide rigorous stability results for the moment computation for the first of these classes and demonstrate how the corresponding Filon method results in an accurate approximation at truly frequency-independent cost. For the Hankel kernel, we derive error estimates that describe the convergence behaviour of the method in terms of frequency and number of Filon quadrature points. Finally, we show how Filon methods with recursive moment computation can be applied to efficiently compute integrals arising in hybrid numerical-asymptotic collocation methods for high-frequency wave scattering on a screen.
Household Transmission Dynamics of Seasonal Human Coronaviruses
Authors: Quandelacy Talia M , Hitchings Matt D T , Lessler Justin , Read Jonathan M , Vukotich Charles , Azman Andrew S , Salje Henrik , Zimmer Shanta , Gao Hongjiang , Zheteyeva Yenlik , Uzicanin Amra , Cummings Derek A T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Household transmission studies inform how viruses spread among close contacts, but few characterize household transmission of endemic coronaviruses.

Methods
We used data collected from 223 households with school-age children participating in weekly disease surveillance over 2 respiratory virus seasons (December 2015 to May 2017), to describe clinical characteristics of endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HcoV-HKU1, HcoV-NL63, HcoV-OC43) infections, and community and household transmission probabilities using a chain-binomial model correcting for missing data from untested households.

Results
Among 947 participants in 223 households, we observed 121 infections during the study, most commonly subtype HCoV-OC43. Higher proportions of infected children (&lt;19 years) displayed influenza-like illness symptoms than infected adults (relative risk, 3.0; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.5–6.9). The estimated weekly household transmission probability was 9% (95% CrI, 6–13) and weekly community acquisition probability was 7% (95% CrI, 5–10). We found no evidence for differences in community or household transmission probabilities by age or symptom status. Simulations suggest that our study was underpowered to detect such differences.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the need for large household studies to inform household transmission, the challenges in estimating household transmission probabilities from asymptomatic individuals, and implications for controlling endemic CoVs.
Automatic crack classification and segmentation on concrete bridge images using convolutional neural networks and hybrid image processing
Authors: Li Baoxian , Guo Hongbin , Wang Zhanfei , Li Mingyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cracks are an indicator for a bridge’s structural health and functional failures. Crack detection is one of the major tasks needed to maintain the structural health and serviceability of a bridge. At present, the most commonly used crack detection technology is manual inspection, which has the disadvantages of being highly labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, a crack detection method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. To automate quantitative measurements of an identified crack, hybrid image processing is proposed, as well. First, a dataset is compiled, including 12,000 cropped crack images and 19,500 cropped background images. Second, preprocessed images with the proposed method of Bilateral-Graying-Contrast (BGC) are fed into ResNet and a Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG) for training and testing. Finally, an automatic measurement system for bridge crack is developed which is not prone to weakened shooting conditions. The results demonstrate that ResNet achieves an accuracy of crack detection up to 97.44%, which is higher than VGG. Our crack measurement system significantly reduces the measurement error to 9.86% and can be assumed as a reliable method in the analysis of concrete bridge images.
Are richer neighborhoods always better for the kids?
Authors: Markussen Simen , Røed Knut 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Based on Norwegian administrative registers, we provide new empirical evidence on the effects of the childhood neighborhood’s socioeconomic status on early educational performance. A neighborhood’s status is measured annually by its adult inhabitants’ earnings ranks within larger commuting zones, and the childhood neighborhood status is the average status of the neighborhoods inhabited from the year after birth to age 15. Identification of causal effects relies on within-family comparisons only. Our results reveal a distinct hump-shaped relationship between the socioeconomic status of the childhood neighborhood and school results at age 15–16, such that the optimal neighborhood is of medium rank.
The growth and metabolome of Saccharomyces uvarum in wine fermentations are strongly influenced by the route of nitrogen assimilation
Authors: Coral-Medina Angela , Morrissey John P , Camarasa Carole 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen is a critical nutrient in beverage fermentations, influencing fermentation performance and formation of compounds that affect organoleptic properties of the product. Traditionally, most commercial wine fermentations rely on Saccharomyces cerevisiae but the potential of alternative yeasts is increasingly recognised because of the possibility to deliver innovative products and process improvements. In this regard, Saccharomyces uvarum is an attractive non-traditional yeast that, while quite closely related to S. cerevisiae, displays a different fermentative and aromatic profile. Although S. uvarum is used in cider-making and in some winemaking, better knowledge of its physiology and metabolism is required if its full potential is to be realised. To address this gap, we performed a comparative analysis of the response of S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae to 13 different sources of nitrogen, assessing key parameters such as growth, fermentation performance, the production of central carbon metabolites and aroma volatile compounds. We observed that the two species differ in the production of acetate, succinate, medium-chain fatty acids, phenylethanol, phenylethyl acetate, and fusel/branched acids in ways that reflect different distribution of fluxes in the metabolic network. The integrated analysis revealed different patterns of yeast performance and activity linked to whether growth was on amino acids metabolised via the Ehrlich pathway or on amino acids and compounds assimilated through the central nitrogen core. This study highlights differences between the two yeasts and the importance that nitrogen metabolism can play in modulating the sensory profile of wine when using S. uvarum as the fermentative yeast.
Ecology of large felids and their prey in small reserves of the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico
Authors: Piña-Covarrubias Evelyn , Chávez Cuauhtémoc , Chapman Mark A , Morales Montserrat , Elizalde-Arellano Cynthia , Doncaster C Patrick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractJaguars and pumas are top-predator species in the Neotropics that are threatened by habitat destruction, illegal poaching of their body parts and their favored prey, and by the human–wildlife conflicts that arise when predators attack livestock. Much of the remaining felid habitat in the Americas is in protected nature reserves that are too small and isolated to support local populations. Surrounding forests therefore play a vital role in felid conservation. Successful long-term conservation of these two felids requires evidence-based knowledge of their biological and ecological requirements. We studied population distributions of jaguars and pumas and their prey in and between two small, private reserves of the Northern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, with areas of 25 and 43 km2. During 2 years of camera trapping (2015 and 2016), we detected 21 jaguars, from which we estimated an average space requirement of 28–45 km2/individual. Dietary niche overlap exceeded random expectation. The most frequently occurring prey items in jaguar and puma diets were collared peccary and deer. Jaguar also favored nine-banded armadillos and white-nosed coati, while puma favored canids. Both felids avoided ocellated turkey. Overall, diet of jaguars was less species-rich, but similar in niche breadth, to that of pumas. A fluid use of space by both species, in 2015 tending toward mutual attraction and in 2016 toward partial exclusion of pumas by jaguars, combined with the high dietary overlap, is consistent with a dominance hierarchy facilitating coexistence. Jaguars and pumas favor the same prey as the people in local communities who hunt, which likely will intensify human–wildlife impacts when prey become scarce. We conclude that even small reserves play an important role in increasing the continuity of habitat for prey and large felids, whose generalist habits suppress interspecific competition for increasingly limiting prey that are largely shared between them and humans.
Wenlin procedure combined with Wung procedure for treatment of severe pectus carinatum
Authors: Wang Wenlin , Long Weiguang , Liu Yang , Cai Bin , Luo Juan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pectus carinatum can be treated with a single minimally invasive surgery, but the severe cases will appear secondary depression after treatment, which needs to be corrected additionally. We used the combined Wenlin procedure and Wung procedure to treat a patient with severe pectus carinatum and achieved satisfactory results.
COVID-19 Vaccination in a Military Population: Evaluation of a Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Vaccine Confidence and Reduce Hesitancy
Authors: Batie Carolyn M , Hintz Courtney N , Catchings Susan H , Thompson Julie A , Sabol Valerie K 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Extensive efforts have been directed toward developing an effective vaccine to fight against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccinations has become detrimental to overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the U.S. Military instated a COVID-19 vaccine mandate, some members were still hesitant to receive the vaccine. To determine the efficacy of a program focused on vaccine hesitation, a program evaluation was conducted on a COVID-19 vaccine educational intervention (hereafter COVID-19 Educational Presentation) for trainees at Lackland Air Force Base, TX, in September 2021. Objectives of the educational session included (1) determining the participants’ level of confidence that the COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, (2) understanding the concern for long-term side effects from COVID-19 vaccinations, and (3) identifying the driving forces behind hesitancy to receive a COVID-19 vaccination.

Materials and Methods
We reviewed data collected from the COVID-19 Vaccine Educational Presentation; it consisted of a PowerPoint presentation addressing common questions and myths about COVID-19 vaccines. A survey instrument called the COVID-19 Hesitancy and Confidence Survey was created to assess attitudes to receive the COVID-19 vaccine

Results
Two voluntary COVID-19 Educational Presentations were given in September 2, 2021, months prior to the Air Force’s COVID-19 vaccine mandate deadline; 128 trainees participated in the assessment surveys. Overall, the educational intervention increased confidence to receive the COVID-19 vaccine increased by 12.6% (t = −7.928, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 Educational Presentation increased confidence and decreased hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine educational programs should continue in the military population to help combat misinformation and ensure that our military force is fully vaccinated and able to maintain mission readiness.