bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FCNet: A feature context network based on ensemble framework for image retrieval
Authors: Li Siyang , Guo Yu , Ren Hao , Wang Ziyi , Ren Keyan , Liu Chunsheng , Lin Hua , Shi Jianbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to train an end‐to‐end model for better performance in distinguishing superclasses and make the model more sensitive to inter‐class differences, the authors propose a Feature Context Network (FCNet), a novel ensemble framework for image retrieval based on clustering (EFC) and metric learning. In the authors' approach, the EFC framework consists of one common feature extractor and multiple learning branches. This tree‐like structure not only promotes the stability of the training process but also keeps the diversity by using multiple branches. Each branch is learnt by an independent random re‐labelling operation that distributes original classes into superclasses. In such a way, the framework thus can accelerate the training process. To make the EFC framework focus on the different attributes across the classes, the authors utilize k‐means clustering to divide the training set into subsets and train the model sequentially with those subsets. Meanwhile, to reduce the impact of over‐fitting problems, the authors design a branch weight structure during training. Further, FCNet fusions different scales of the neighbourhood information and consequently makes the feature map learn richer information with the different receptive fields. Simultaneously, it can reduce the layer of the network and the number of model parameters. Extensive experiments demonstrate that this approach outperforms the tested representative methods on CARS‐196, CUB‐200‐2011 datasets.
Distributed control strategy for transactive energy prosumers in real‐time markets
Authors: Yin Chen , Ding Ran , Xu Haixiang , Li Gengyin , Chen Xiupeng , Zhou Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has led to increasing research interest in the cooperative control of multi‐prosumers in a transactive energy (TE) paradigm. While the existing literature shows that TE offers significant grid flexibility and economic benefits, few studies have addressed the incorporation of security constraints in TE. Herein, a market‐based control mechanism in real‐time markets is proposed to economically coordinate the TE among prosumers while ensuring secure system operation. Considering the dynamic characteristics of batteries and responsive demands, a model predictive control (MPC) method is used to handle the constraints between different time intervals and incorporate the following generation and consumption predictions. Owing to the computational burden and individual privacy issues, an efficient distributed algorithm is developed to solve the optimal power flow problem. The strong coupling between prosumers through power networks is removed by introducing auxiliary variables to acquire locational marginal prices (LMPs) covering energy, congestion, and loss components. Case studies based on the IEEE 33‐bus system demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and model.
Robust optimal transmission switching for wind farm‐integrated power systems from a perspective of steady‐state security region
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Wang Tao , Gu Xueping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptimal transmission switching (OTS) is a new method in improving operational security and economy of power systems. However, with continuous improvement in wind power penetration level, how to rationally describe the uncertainty of wind power play an important role in determining robustness of the OTS model. Against this issue, a system robust domain (SRD) developed by steady‐state security region is proposed to model the uncertainties of wind power outputs in OTS. This modelling method focuses on the robust domain of system rather than the robust intervals of variables in conventional robust optimisation, thus overcomes the high dependence of conventional robust optimisation on accurate estimation of each uncertainty intervals. SRD‐OTS is formulated and a decomposition algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal solution. The obtained optimal solution can maintain the operational security in the worst case of wind power outputs and minimize operational cost with the forecasted wind power outputs. In addition, robustness of the proposed SRD‐OTS can be adjusted by an uncertain budget. The numerical results on the IEEE test system verify effectiveness of the proposed SRD‐OTS and show that the optimal solution is still robust with a relative lower accuracy of wind power prediction.
Excitation of Langmuir waves at shocks and solar type II radio bursts
Authors: Mann G. , Vocks C. , Warmuth A. , Magdalenic J. , Bisi M. , Carley E. , Dabrowski B. , Gallagher P. , Krankowski A. , Matyjasiak B. , Rotkaehl H. , Zucca P. 
Published: January 2022

Context.In the solar corona, shocks can be generated due to the pressure pulse of a flare and/or driven by a rising coronal mass ejection (CME). Coronal shock waves can be observed as solar type II radio bursts in the Sun’s radio radiation. In dynamic radio spectra, they appear as stripes of an enhanced radio emission slowly drifting from high to low frequencies. The radio emission is thought to be plasma emission, that is to say the emission happens near the electron plasma frequency and/or its harmonics. Plasma emission means that energetic electrons excite Langmuir waves, which convert into radio waves via non-linear plasma processes. Thus, energetic electrons are necessary for plasma emission. In the case of type II radio bursts, the energetic electrons are considered to be shock accelerated.Aims.Shock drift acceleration (SDA) is regarded as the mechanism for producing energetic electrons in the foreshock region. SDA delivers a shifted loss-cone velocity distribution function (VDF) for the energetic electrons. The aim of the paper is to study in which way and under which conditions a shifted loss-cone VDF of electrons excites Langmuir waves in an efficient way in the corona.Methods.By means of the results of SDA, the shape of the resulted VDF was derived. It is a shifted loss-cone VDF showing both a loss-cone and a beam-like component. The growth rates for exciting Langmuir waves were calculated in the framework of Maxwell-Vlasov equations. The results are discussed by employing plasma and shock parameters usually found in the corona at the 25 MHz level.Results.We have found that moderate coronal shocks with an Alfven-Mach number in the range 1.59 < MA < 2.53 are able to accelerate electrons up to energies sufficient enough to excite Langmur waves, which convert into radio waves seen as solar type II radio bursts.
Spectroscopy of the massive interacting binary UU Cassiopeiae
Authors: Hadrava P. , Cabezas M. , Djurašević G. , Garcés J. , Gorda S. Y. , Jurkovic M. I. , Korčáková D. , Markov H. , Mennickent R. E. , Petrović J. , Vince I. , Zharikov S. 
Published: January 2022

Context.The eclipsing close binary UU Cas is an interacting massive double-periodic system with a gainer star partly hidden in an accretion disk.Aims.In order to study the physics of the accretion process in greater detail, along with the structure and dynamics of the circumstellar matter in the system, we supplement our previous results obtained from photometry with an analysis of the spectra of UU Cas.Methods.We collected all available spectra used in previous publications on UU Cas and we acquired new ones. The method of disentangling was applied to this set of spectra spanning the years 2008–2021. The orbital parameters were disentangled and a fit of the separated component spectra by synthetic ones has been used to determine the physical parameters of the component stars. We compared the results to models of the evolution of interacting binaries.Results.We found that in addition to the dominant role of the donor star and a weak contribution of the gainer, the line profiles are strongly influenced by the circumstellar matter. The absorption lines reveal a presence of a disk wind emanating above the orbital plane. The variability of Hαemission yields evidence of changes in the structure of the circumstellar matter on a timescale of several orbital periods.
Diverse space weathering effects on asteroid surfaces as inferred via laser irradiation of meteorites
Authors: Zhang P. , Tai K. , Li Y. , Zhang J. , Lantz C. , Hiroi T. , Matsuoka M. , Li S. , Lin Y. , Wen Y. , Han H. , Zeng X. 
Published: January 2022

Context. Space weathering (SW) is crucial to improve the understanding of the evolution of optical characteristics on airless bodies. The classical view based on research of the Moon suggests that SW decreases albedo (darkening) and steepens spectral slope (reddening) in visible to near-infrared (VIS-NIR) wavelengths, producing nanophase iron (npFe0). However, this conclusion is not perfectly applicable to asteroids.
Aims. In this study, we focus on investigating the space weathering spectral alteration effects (SWSAE) and the causes of spectral alteration on various types of asteroids after long-term continuous micrometeoroid bombardments.
Methods. We used a pulsed laser to irradiate eight meteorites at the same energy, namely, of 28 mJ, in ten shots, including ordinary chondrites (OCs), aubrite (Aub), enstatite chondrites (ECs), CO, CV, and CM carbonaceous chondrites. Then we measured and compared the virgin and irradiated VIS-NIR reflectance spectra of these meteorites. We further surveyed the causes of spectral alteration through a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.
Results. Three different SWSAE are shown: (1) darkening and reddening on OCs, Aub, CO, and CV chondrites; (2) brightening and reddening on ECs; (3) brightening and bluing on CM chondrite. After irradiation, npFe0 and nanophase iron-nickel particles were respectively found in CV and CO chondrites; thick amorphous layers without any nanophase particles were found in Aub; melting and sputtering of metal were observed in ECs; a great deal of vesicles or bubbles without any nanophase particles were found in CM chondrite.
Conclusions. The long-term SW via micrometeoroid bombardments can spectrally remodel asteroid surfaces in different ways: darken and redden anhydrous silicate asteroids (e.g., S-, E-, and K-types); brighten and redden metal-rich M-type objects. The SWSAE of volatiles-rich carbonaceous asteroids (e.g., Ch-, Cgh-, and D-types) is related to SW degree: darkening and bluing at low degree then brightening and continue bluing as the SW degree increases. The various spectral units on Ryugu, Bennu, and Phobos can be created by the heterogeneity of the degree of SW.
Constraining the cosmic-ray ionization rate and spectrum with NIR spectroscopy of dense clouds
Authors: Bialy Shmuel , Belli Sirio , Padovani Marco 
Published: January 2022

Context.Low-energy cosmic rays (CRs) control the thermo-chemical state and the coupling between gas and magnetic fields in dense molecular clouds. However, current estimates of the low-energy CR spectrum (E ≲ 1 GeV) and the associated CR ionization rate are highly uncertain.Aims.We apply, for the first time, a new method for constraining the CR ionization rate and the CR spectral shape using H2rovibrational lines from cold molecular clouds.Methods.Using the MMIRS instrument on the MMT, we obtained deep near-infrared (NIR) spectra in six positions within four dense cores, namely, G150, G157, G163, G198, with column densities ofNH2 ≈ 1022cm−2.Results.We derived 3σupper limits on the H2(1 − 0)S(0) line (2.22 μm) brightness in the rangeI = 5.9 × 10−8to 1.2 × 10−7erg cm−2s−1sr−1for the different targets. Using both an analytic model and a numerical model of CR propagation, we convert these into upper limits on the CR ionization rate in the clouds’ interior,ζ = 1.5 to 3.6 × 10−16s−1, and lower limits on the low-energy spectral slope of interstellar CR protons,α = −0.97 to −0.79. We show that while MMT was unable to detect the H2lines due to high atmospheric noise, JWST/NIRSpec will be able to efficiently detect the CR-excited H2lines, making it the ideal method for constraining the otherwise elusive low-energy CRs and shedding light on the sources and propagation modes of CRs.
Recent Advances in Construction of C(sp2)–O Bonds via Aryne Participated Multicomponent Coupling Reactions
Authors: Tan Jiajing , Zhang Ruirui , Peng Xia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAryne chemistry is a powerful synthetic technique that forms new bonds to aromatic rings. The recent resurgence of aryne-based multicomponent coupling strategies has led to an influx of methodologies for the mild synthesis of arene derivatives. In particular, these innovative discoveries broaden and streamline approaches toward phenol ether motifs, which are a prevalent structural component across a broad range of chemistry related research fields. Herein, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the construction of C(sp2)–O bonds via aryne-induced multicomponent reactions. Special attention has been paid to reaction design and mechanistic pathways.1	Introduction2	Insertion-Based MCRs3	Nucleophilic-Addition-Based MCRs4	Cycloaddition-Based MCRs5	Summary
TeleNeuroICU: Expanding the Reach of Subspecialty Neurocritical Care
Authors: Freeman W. David , Rogers Ashley , Rabinstein Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTelemedicine is a rapidly growing field of medicine due to a combination of high-speed global telecommunication systems and accessibility of small, fast mobile computing platforms with bidirectional audiovisual camera capabilities. Teleneurology is a subset of telemedicine. TeleNeuroICU, one form of teleneurology, is the practice of virtually consulting on patients in the ICU setting with neurological and neurosurgical conditions. Given the current and future shortage of neurologists and neurointensivists, there is a high demand for TeleNeuroICU services around the globe and this is expected to increase in the future. This review summarizes the state of the art around the TeleNeuroICU practice for practitioners in the field, emerging research in this area, and new technologies and integrations that enhance the value of TeleNeuroICU to health care systems.
A resistive-anode based position-sensitive Rydberg atom detector
Authors: Jones A. C. L. , Moxom J. , Fuentes-Garcia M. , Cecchini G. G. , Membreno E. E. , Roeder E. E. , Mills A. P. 
Published: January 2022

We describe here the development and characterization of a position-sensitive detector for Rydberg atom experiments. The detector builds on an earlier design that field-ionized incident Rydberg positronium (Ps) atoms and then electrostatically focused the freed positrons onto a micro-channel plate (MCP) detector without the use of a position sensitive anode. In this design, pulses from the MCP are deposited onto a resistive anode, providing a means of measuring the incident particles’ x, y positions. The first detector constructed utilized a pair of MCPs in a chevron configuration and was used to observe the focusing of Rydberg Ps atoms from an electrostatic mirror. A second detector, developed for use in a measurement of the 1S–2S interval of Ps, incorporates three MCPs in a Z-stack configuration to produce larger pulses. Using a UV-induced signal, we have characterized the performance of the assembled detectors, finding a spatial resolution of ∼1.4 mm for the largest induced pulses and for pulse widths of ∼7–10 ns FWHM; pulse times can be resolved to better than 1 ns. The Ps induced signal is anticipated to yield pulses ∼5 times larger, which are expected to achieve a spatial resolution of &lt;1 mm. Appropriate lenses could make possible applications involving either imaging a large area or magnifying a small area of the incident Ps spatial distribution.
Cellular homologs of the double jelly-roll major capsid proteins clarify the origins of an ancient virus kingdom
Authors: Krupovic Mart , Makarova Kira S. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and ubiquitous parasites of cellular life forms. The general scenario for the origin of viruses involves evolution from nonviral replicators, such as plasmids and transposons, via recruitment of host proteins for virion formation. One of the most common virion core components, the double jelly-roll major capsid protein of a broad variety of viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes, so far has been thought to represent a virus innovation. However, we present evidence, obtained by protein structure comparison, that this type of virus capsid protein also evolved from a cellular ancestor, a distinct family of carbohydrate-active enzymes. These findings reinforce the chimeric scenario of virus origin.
Task design in online one-to-one classes with young learners
Authors: Thorburn Ross 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated how effective four tasks were in supporting meaningful spoken language production between young learners and their teachers. The context of the study, online one-to-one lessons, is commonplace but largely unresearched. Transcripts from seventeen teacher-student dyads using four tasks were analysed using conversation analysis. These were then coded and the number of instances of meaningful communication counted. The number of instances of pushed output and negotiation of meaning were also noted. The most successful task was an open opinion-gap task, which motivated the young learners. Crucially, the task outcome (a plan of a shopping centre) allowed learners to check their teachers had understood them. Teacher misunderstandings gave learners opportunities to take control of the discourse and negotiate meaning. Aspects of task design which impeded meaningful communication included sentence stems, which resulted in drill-like interactions. Task topics familiar to learners but unfamiliar to teachers hindered meaningful communication. Also, tasks located near the end of a lesson sequence tended to result in less meaningful communication than those nearer the start.
Mixing Catalan, English and Spanish on WhatsApp
Authors: Pérez-Sabater Carmen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine language choice, language alternation and code-switching practices in
Instant Messaging (IM). Specifically, this article presents the results from an analysis of the written conversations of a
specific community formed by Valencian adults fluent in English. Taking a computer-mediated, discourse-centred ethnographic
approach to online discourse, the study has shown that, in this specific trilingual online community of language teachers,
language choice and the choice of a specific written variety is intimately related to audience. The group members mix Catalan,
English and Spanish regularly, their language choice and code-switching strategies serving to establish in-group solidarity,
familiarity and lessen face-threatening acts. Switches to English, sometimes followed by a switch to Catalan, are usually employed
for humorous word play. Interestingly, the case study exemplifies how the use of a certain language may be highly correlated to
ideological and political considerations.
Sex Segregation and the Participation of Transgender Adults in Recreational Sport in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Nguyen Tung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The lack of a formal policy on transgender participation in recreational sport results in transgender people struggling alone with stigmatization. Recreational sport guidelines identify inclusion as an imperative in recreational sport participation, yet they have failed to lay out the means to achieve it. Considering this issue and opportunity, the purpose of this case study is to determine how transgender adults’ participation in recreational sport in British Columbia (BC), Canada is informed by their experiences with sex-based segregation structures in recreational sport and, secondly, to inform an enhanced and intentional change in transgender-inclusive policies and practices in terms of sex-based segregation structures in recreational sport in BC, Canada.

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© Tung Nguyen 2022
Exploring the Case Beijing 798 Arts District Demonstrates the Power of Cultural and Creative Industry
Authors: Lihui Wu 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
The success of the 798 Arts District stems from the grassroots movement initiated by the artists and non-profit institutes. They challenged the authorities, who intended to carry out the demolition of the 798 Arts District, to preserve the cultural heritage of that area and shift power to the people. The 798 Arts District can serve as a model of sustainability for other arts districts or redevelopment projects in urban areas.
Manipulating magnetic and magnetoresistive properties by oxygen vacancy complexes in GCMO thin films
Authors: Beiranvand A , Liedke M O , Haalisto C , Lähteenlahti V , Schulman A , Granroth S , Palonen H , Butterling M , Wagner A , Huhtinen H , Paturi P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of in situ annealing is investigated in Gd0.1Ca0.9MnO3 (GCMO) thin films in oxygen and vacuum atmospheres. We show that the reduction of oxygen content in GCMO lattice by vacuum annealing induced more oxygen complex vacancies in both subsurface and interface regions and larger grain domains when compared with the pristine one. Consequently, the double exchange interaction is suppressed and the metallic-ferromagnetic state below Curie temperature turned into spin-glass insulating state. In contrast, the magnetic and resistivity measurements show that the oxygen treatment increases ferromagnetic phase volume, resulting in greater magnetization (M
S) and improved magnetoresistivity properties below Curie temperature by improving the double exchange interaction. The threshold field to observe the training effect is decreased in oxygen treated film. In addition, the positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis exhibits fewer open volume defects in the subsurface region for oxygen treated film when compared with the pristine sample. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the oxygen treated film with significant spin memory and greater magnetoresistance can be a potential candidate for the future memristor applications.