bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and hardness properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with iron (iii) oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Azmah Hanim M.A. , Hadirah S.N. , Dele‐Afolabi T.T. , Jung D.W. , Sapuan S.M. , Aiza Jaafar C.N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the effects of iron (iii) oxide (Fe3O4) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the microstructure and hardness of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with iron (iii) oxide nanoparticles and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes having sample formulation of aluminum‐5iron (iii) oxide‐xcarbon nanotubes (Al‐5Fe3O4‐xCNT; x = 0 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%) were prepared using the powder metallurgy technique. Microstructural characterization revealed that the aluminum‐5iron (iii) oxide exhibited a better microstructure relative to the aluminum‐5iron (iii) oxide‐xcarbon nanotubes counterparts which exhibited a defective microstructure. More so, the hardness results showed that the aluminum‐5iron (iii) oxide exhibited the highest hardness value of 48.32 HRH 60. However, the defective microstructure observed in the aluminum matrix composites reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes can be attributed to the relatively lower hardness values of the aluminum‐5Iron (iii) oxide‐xcarbon nanotubes samples (22.87 HRH 60‐40.24 HRH 60).
Impact of insulation materials and wall types of reference buildings on building energy efficiency with three methods in Çorum city
Authors: Karakoç V.R. , Tüzün F.N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe improvement of energy efficiency in buildings is one of the most important factors of the energy policy of Turkey owing to its energy import, especially of natural gas. Çorum city, one of the colder cities of Turkey that uses a high amount of natural gas as fuel for heating, was selected to demonstrate the reduction in energy loss and carbon dioxide emissions of buildings and to contribute to the insulation sector in the Çorum industry. Therefore, two different methods, namely, the Turkish standard 825 and heating degree‐days, are applied in cost‐optimal methodology, using four types of traditional insulation materials, namely, standard expanded polystyrene, neopor (graphite‐added expanded polystyrene), extruded polystyrene, and stone wool, and two state‐of‐the‐art insulation materials, aerogel and vacuum insulation panels in two types of reference buildings comprising hollow brick and pumice stone walls. As a consequence of application of the Turkish standard 825 and heating degree‐days methods in the cost optimal methodology of the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive with the utilization of the optimum insulation thicknesses of six types of insulation materials calculated from both the Turkish standard 825 and heating degree‐days methods at four different types of windows and one top side measure, a new methodology was developed. Results obtained from three methodologies are compared based on insulation materials and wall types.
A study on microstructure and mechanical performance of gas metal arc welded AISI 304 L joints
Authors: Ezer M.A. , Çam G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArc welding is a widely applied process in the fabrication of stainless steel structures. Various difficulties may arise in joining of these steels, particularly if high heat input is used. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of heat input on microstructure of the joint region and thus on the mechanical behavior of gas metal arc welded AISI 304 L austenitic plates. To this end, AISI 304 L plates with a thickness of 5 mm were butt‐welded by employing two different heat input values. Detailed microstructural and mechanical characterization were carried out. In addition, the influence of heat input on the microstructure and joint performance values was also determined. The higher heat input resulted in a complete recrystallization at the heat affected zone whereas the base metal microstructure was maintained in the lower heat input joint. Both joints displayed strength matching within the weld region, thus exhibited slightly higher tensile strength than that of the base plate (102 %).
Serotonin Transporter Imaging in Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Chou Kelvin L. , Dayalu Praveen , Koeppe Robert A. , Gilman Sid , Spears C. Chauncey , Albin Roger L. , Kotagal Vikas 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundBoth Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) exhibit degeneration of brainstem serotoninergic nuclei, affecting multiple subcortical and cortical serotoninergic projections. In MSA, medullary serotoninergic neuron pathology is well documented, but serotonin system changes throughout the rest of the brain are less well characterized.ObjectivesTo use serotonin transporter [11C]3‐amino‐4‐(2‐dimethylaminomethyl‐phenylsulfaryl)‐benzonitrile positron emission tomography (PET) to compare serotoninergic innervation in patients with MSA and PD.MethodsWe performed serotonin transporter PET imaging in 18 patients with MSA, 23 patients with PD, and 16 healthy controls to explore differences in brainstem, subcortical, and cortical regions of interest.ResultsPatients with MSA showed lower serotonin transporter distribution volume ratios compared with patients with PD in the medulla, raphe pontis, ventral striatum, limbic cortex, and thalamic regions, but no differences in the dorsal striatal, ventral anterior cingulate, or total cortical regions. Controls showed greater cortical serotonin transporter binding compared with PD or MSA groups but lower serotonin transporter binding in the striatum and other relevant basal ganglia regions. There were no regional differences in binding between patients with MSA–parkinsonian subtype (n = 8) and patients with MSA–cerebellar subtype (n = 10). Serotonin transporter distribution volume ratios in multiple different regions of interest showed an inverse correlation with the severity of Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score in patients with MSA but not patients with PD.ConclusionsBrainstem and some forebrain subcortical region serotoninergic deficits are more severe in MSA compared with PD and show an MSA‐specific correlation with the severity of motor impairments. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy applied in the monitoring of photocuring process in epoxy diacrylate resins: Positive effect
Authors: Borges Francis de Souza , Moraes Fernando José Habib , Pereira Neto Mário Anselmo , d'Almeida José Roberto Moraes , Bento Antonio Carlos , Cella Norberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main goal of this study is to show that photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) can be applied in the monitoring of photocuring processes in epoxy diacrylate resins. The resin used was EBECRYL 3720‐TP25 with the photoinitiator Omnirad 808. Comparison between the conventional transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra of the resin is presented. Amplitude and phase of the photoacoustic signal were used to monitor the photocuring. The wavelength of the modulated photocuring light and the concentration of the photoinitiator were the parameters varied in the monitoring. The novelty was found when the resin was irradiated by a continuous light, centered at the absorption peak of the photoinitiator and simultaneously with the modulated light. In the time window when this continuous light was on (off) the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal increased (decreased). This is called “positive effect,” as it has been observed when PAS was applied to study photosynthesis in leaves. A mechanism is proposed to correlate the positive effect with the oxygen inhibition effect during the photocuring of the epoxy diacrylate resin. The results suggest that the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal and the positive effect can be used as monitoring parameters in the studies of photocuring process in epoxy diacrylate resins.
Periostin‐ and podoplanin‐positive cancer‐associated fibroblast subtypes cooperate to shape the inflamed tumor microenvironment in aggressive pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Neuzillet Cindy , Nicolle Rémy , Raffenne Jérôme , Tijeras‐Raballand Annemilaï , Brunel Alexia , Astorgues‐Xerri Lucile , Vacher Sophie , Arbateraz Floriane , Fanjul Marjorie , Hilmi Marc , Samain Rémi , Klein Christophe , Perraud Aurélie , Rebours Vinciane , Mathonnet Muriel , Bièche Ivan , Kocher Hemant , Cros Jérôme , Bousquet Corinne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are orchestrators of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment. Previously we described four CAF subtypes with specific molecular and functional features. Here, we have refined our CAF subtype signatures using RNAseq and immunostaining with the goal of defining bioinformatically the phenotypic stromal and tumor epithelial states associated with CAF diversity. We used primary CAF cultures grown from patient PDAC tumors, human data sets (in‐house and public, including single‐cell analyses), genetically engineered mouse PDAC tissues, and patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) grown in mice. We found that CAF subtype RNAseq signatures correlated with immunostaining. Tumors rich in periostin‐positive CAFs were significantly associated with shorter overall survival of patients. Periostin‐positive CAFs were characterized by high proliferation and protein synthesis rates and low α‐smooth muscle actin expression and were found in peri‐/pre‐tumoral areas. They were associated with highly cellular tumors and with macrophage infiltrates. Podoplanin‐positive CAFs were associated with immune‐related signatures and recruitment of dendritic cells. Importantly, we showed that the combination of periostin‐positive CAFs and podoplanin‐positive CAFs was associated with specific tumor microenvironment features in terms of stromal abundance and immune cell infiltrates. Podoplanin‐positive CAFs identified an inflammatory CAF (iCAF)‐like subset, whereas periostin‐positive CAFs were not correlated with the published myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF)/iCAF classification. Taken together, these results suggest that a periostin‐positive CAF is an early, activated CAF, associated with aggressive tumors, whereas a podoplanin‐positive CAF is associated with an immune‐related phenotype. These two subpopulations cooperate to define specific tumor microenvironment and patient prognosis and are of putative interest for future therapeutic stratification of patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Advances in proteomics sample preparation and enrichment for phosphorylation and glycosylation analysis
Authors: Xie Zehu , Feng Quanshou , Zhang Shun , Yan Yinghua , Deng Chunhui , Ding Chuan‐Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the common and significant chemical modifications, post‐translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in the functional proteome. Affected by the signal interference, low concentration, and insufficient ionization efficiency of impurities, the direct detection of PTMs by mass spectrometry (MS) still faces many challenges. Therefore, sample preparation and enrichment are an indispensable link before MS analysis of PTMs in proteomics. The rapid development of functionalized materials with diverse morphologies and compositions provides an avenue for sample preparation and enrichment for PTMs analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application of novel functionalized materials in sample preparation for phosphoproteomes and glycoproteomes analysis. In addition, this review specifically discusses the design and preparation of functionalized materials based on different enrichment mechanisms, and proposes research directions and potential challenges for proteomic PTMs research.
Biomimetic color‐changing skin based on temperature‐responsive hydrogel microspheres with the photonic crystal structure
Authors: Xu Minghao , Liang Shuzhang , Zhang Wenqiang , Feng Lin , Chen Kehan , Deng Xue , Zhang Deyuan , Cai Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe responsive color‐changing bionic skin imitation of certain organisms such as chameleons has potential applications in the fields of chemical sensing and information transfer. Inspired by the cellular structure of the chameleon iridophores, a flexible and scalable fabrication strategy was proposed in the present study, which centers on the modular assembly of miniature color‐changing pixel dots. The color‐changing pixel dots were formed by self‐assembling charged silica particles inside hydrogels and fabricated in bulk using microfluidic methods. The pixel dots were immobilized in hydrogels to encapsulate in a membrane structure similar to biological skin. With thermal stimulation, the bionic color‐changing skin can change color from green to red and has an angle‐independent color display with good environmental adaptability.
Systematic review and cost‐utility of high flow nasal cannula versus continuous positive airway pressure in children with acute severe or moderate bronchiolitis in Colombia
Authors: Buendía Jefferson A. , Feliciano‐Alfonso John E. , Florez Ivan D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and High‐Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) have emerged as alternatives to orotracheal intubation and conventional invasive ventilation in patients with moderate to severe bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the evidence and the cost‐utility of HFNC compared to CPAP in infants with moderate‐severe bronchiolitis in Colombia.MethodsThe search includes electronic databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Embase. Through inclusion and exclusion criteria, screen randomized controlled trials. A decision tree model was used to estimate the cost‐utility of CPAP compared with HFNC in infants with moderate‐severe bronchiolitis. Sensitivity analysis of transition probabilities, utilities, and cost was carried out.ResultsIncorporate five studies that meet the criteria. The risk of intubation rate in the patients with CPAP is lower than HFNC (relative risk 0.62; 95% confidence interval 0.46−0.84; I2 = 0%) The base‐case analysis showed that compared with HFNC, CPAP was associated with lower costs and higher quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). The expected annual cost per patient with CPAP was US$17,574 and with HFNC was US$29,421. The QALYs per person estimated with CPAP were 0.92 and with HFNC was 0.91. This position of absolute dominance of CPAP (CPAP has lower costs and higher QALYs than HFNI) makes it unnecessary to estimate the incremental cost‐utility ratio.ConclusionsCPAP is cost‐effective, over the HFNC, in infants with severe‐moderate bronchiolitis in Colombia. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision‐makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other countries.
Multidisciplinary feeding treatment for a patient with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Stubbs Kathryn H. , McMahon Meara X. H. , Popler Jonathan , Berry Rashelle C. , Sharp William G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildren with underlying medical and developmental conditions often present with complications that include feeding difficulties. Severe feeding difficulties may meet the criteria for the psychiatric diagnosis of Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). ARFID is a disruption in feeding/eating which may include weight loss/faltering growth, nutrient deficiencies, and/or reliance on a nutritionally complete formula to meet caloric needs. Children with interstitial lung disease (ILD), have a higher prevalence of feeding problems than the general population. To date, no published literature exists to provide guidance for treating severe feeding difficulties experienced by children with ILD. In this paper, we present an encounter in which we safely and effectively treated ARFID as evidenced by underweight and dependence on a nutritionally complete formula in a 3‐year‐old male with ILD using a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Before the admission, the patient relied primarily on oral nutritional supplementation for most of his nutritional needs and therapeutic efforts to advance food intake were complicated by mealtime behavior problems and concerns regarding swallow safety. Intervention introduced 16 new foods, established consistent caloric intake of target food, and successfully weaned the patient from bottle feeding. We also review special considerations and provide guidelines for adapting treatment at multidisciplinary programs for patients with complex cardiorespiratory disease including modifications to behavior management procedures, medical monitoring, and nutritional consultation.
Airway multidrug‐resistant organisms in a population of tracheostomy and chronic ventilator‐dependent children at a tertiary care pediatric hospital
Authors: Havens Tara N. , Rosen David A. , Rivera‐Spoljaric Katherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective/BackgroundChildren with tracheostomies are at an increased risk of bacterial respiratory tract infections. Infections caused by multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) are more difficult to treat and can result in severe complications. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and sequelae of MDRO positivity in tracheostomy and chronic ventilator‐dependent children.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 75 tracheostomy and chronic ventilator‐dependent children at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Data on demographics, respiratory cultures, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and antibiotic usage were collected. We determined the frequency of MDRO positivity and compared the number of hospitalizations, number of ED visits, and antibiotic usage in patients with and without MDRO‐positive cultures. Patient clinical variables were analyzed before and after MDRO acquisition.ResultsWe found 75.7% (56/74) of our participants had an MDRO‐positive culture, with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n = 36, 64%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8, 14%) being the most commonly detected organisms. Participants with a greater number of annual nonpulmonary admissions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.21–3.29), p = 0.008], inpatient antibiotic courses [OR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.07–1.50), p = 0.006], total antibiotic courses [OR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.08–1.48), p = 0.004], and chronic antibiotic use [OR = 2.31, 95% CI (1.12–4.74), p = 0.03] were at an increased risk for MDRO positivity. Those who were MDRO‐positive had more pulmonary admissions following MDRO acquisition compared those who were MDRO‐negative [p = 0.005] but not more antibiotic usage or ED visits.ConclusionFrequent antibiotic usage and hospitalizations increase the risk of MDRO acquisition in children with tracheostomies and ventilator‐dependence. Further antibiotic stewardship may help prevent resistant infections in technology‐dependent children.
Crosstalk between traditional Chinese medicine‐derived polysaccharides and the gut microbiota: A new perspective to understand traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Yue Bingjie , Zong Gangfan , Tao Ruizhi , Wei Zhonghong , Lu Yin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolysaccharide is a kind of macromolecule polymer composed of monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), composed of various bioactive ingredients, is usually rich in polysaccharides. In recent years, extensive research on TCM polysaccharides has demonstrated their pharmacological effects. Polysaccharides can hardly be catabolized by enzymes encoded by the human genome but can be degraded to absorbable metabolites by bacteria inhabiting the colon. Hence, the gut microbiota plays a vital role in degrading TCM polysaccharides into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which exert physiological functions locally and systemically. Besides, TCM polysaccharides can also modulate the composition and activities of the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, ultimately restoring gut homeostasis and improving human health. In this review, we discuss the extraction and pharmacological effects of TCM polysaccharides, various functions of the gut microbiota, and the interactions between TCM polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, illuminating the mechanisms of TCM polysaccharides modulating host physiology via the gut microbiota. To firmly establish the clinical efficacy of TCM polysaccharides, further high‐quality studies especially clinical trials are needed. Generally, discussion on the interplay between TCM polysaccharides and the gut microbiota is expected to elucidate their application prospects and inspire new thoughts in the development of TCM.
Undergraduate biology students' model‐based reasoning in the laboratory: Exploring the role of drawings, talk, and gestures
Authors: Sjøberg Mari , Furberg Anniken , Knain Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on a case study of undergraduate biology students' drawing‐based modeling and how this process plays out in naturalistic dialogues. Recent research has revealed the importance of drawings, talk, and gestures in students' model‐based reasoning. This study provides further insight into the complementary role of these multimodal representations in student' model‐based reasoning. The empirical basis constitutes sequences of students' interactive modeling during a laboratory exercise targeted toward the molecular mechanism behind diagnostic tests. The analytical procedure involves a social‐semiotic analysis of students' drawings and microanalyses of the sequences of student interaction while engaging with this modeling activity. Our findings reveal a pattern in the use of these representations and provide insights into their roles in students' model‐based reasoning. During three critical episodes in the students' modeling process, we show how drawings, deictic gestures, talk, and iconic gestures in a recurring pattern contributed to bringing students' meaning‐making forward: drawings contributed to opening a creative space for their reasoning, while explorative talk together with iconic gestures became an important resource in exploring the aspects that were not shown in the drawing. We also show how the different representations took on different semiotic loads depending on where in the modeling cycle they were. We show how certain semiotic choices in the first drawing seem to support the students' model‐based reasoning. Representing gestures became particularly important when the students revised and extended their models. These findings are discussed in relation to the different affordances of the various modes of representation.