bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal rehabilitation as a management strategy for physical frailty in CKD
Authors: Matsuzawa Ryota 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn aging population and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases have led to a worldwide increase in the rate of chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy. The mean age of individuals requiring dialysis therapy has been increasing, and Japanese patients are aging more rapidly than those in the USA and Europe. Patients undergoing renal replacement therapy are at increased risk of sarcopenia/frailty compared with people with normal kidney function due to comorbid burden, long-standing malnutrition, chronic inflammation, metabolic acidosis, anabolic resistance, hormonal changes, physical inactivity and amino acid loss via dialysis treatment in addition to aging. Sarcopenia and frailty are serious global health problems that can decrease access to kidney transplantation and lead to various adverse health outcomes, including functional dependence, hospitalizations and deaths in patients on dialysis treatment. However, sarcopenia/frailty fortunately is potentially modifiable by early identification of poor physical functioning, sustainment and enhancement of daily physical activity, and participation in exercise treatments. The Japanese Society of Renal Rehabilitation was established in 2011 and published a clinical practice guideline for “Renal Rehabilitation” targeting nondialysis-dependent and dialysis-dependent patients and renal transplant recipients, in 2019. The guideline emphasized the importance of physical management for patients with kidney diseases in addition to nutritional supports and anemia management. Kidney health professionals should manage sarcopenia and physical frailty as a part of routine clinical care for patients undergoing hemodialysis to improve poor physical functioning, functional dependence, decreased quality of life and poor prognosis.
Graphical calibration curves and the integrated calibration index (ICI) for competing risk models
Authors: Austin Peter C. , Putter Hein , Giardiello Daniele , van Klaveren David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Assessing calibration—the agreement between estimated risk and observed proportions—is an important component of deriving and validating clinical prediction models. Methods for assessing the calibration of prognostic models for use with competing risk data have received little attention.

Methods
We propose a method for graphically assessing the calibration of competing risk regression models. Our proposed method can be used to assess the calibration of any model for estimating incidence in the presence of competing risk (e.g., a Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model; a combination of cause-specific hazard functions; or a random survival forest). Our method is based on using the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model to regress the cumulative incidence function of the cause-specific outcome of interest on the predicted outcome risk of the model whose calibration we want to assess. We provide modifications of the integrated calibration index (ICI), of E50 and of E90, which are numerical calibration metrics, for use with competing risk data. We conducted a series of Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the performance of these calibration measures when the underlying model has been correctly specified and when the model was mis-specified and when the incidence of the cause-specific outcome differed between the derivation and validation samples. We illustrated the usefulness of calibration curves and the numerical calibration metrics by comparing the calibration of a Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards regression model with that of random survival forests for predicting cardiovascular mortality in patients hospitalized with heart failure.

Results
The simulations indicated that the method for constructing graphical calibration curves and the associated calibration metrics performed as desired. We also demonstrated that the numerical calibration metrics can be used as optimization criteria when tuning machine learning methods for competing risk outcomes.

Conclusions
The calibration curves and numeric calibration metrics permit a comprehensive comparison of the calibration of different competing risk models.
Guidelines on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: a Brazilian Society of Rheumatology task force
Authors: Tavares Anna Carolina Faria Moreira Gomes , de Melo Ana Karla Guedes , Cruz Vítor Alves , de Souza Viviane Angelina , de Carvalho Joana Starling , Machado Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira , de Azevedo Valadares Lilian David , dos Reis Neto Edgard Torres , de Rezende Rodrigo Poubel Vieira , de Resende Guimarães Maria Fernanda Brandão , Ferreira Gilda Aparecida , de Sousa Braz Alessandra , de Abreu Vieira Rejane Maria Rodrigues , de Medeiros Pinheiro Marcelo , Ribeiro Sandra Lúcia Euzébio , Bica Blanca Elena Gomes Rios , Baptista Kátia Lino , da Costa Izaias Pereira , Marques Claudia Diniz Lopes , Lopes Maria Lúcia Lemos , Martinez José Eduardo , Giorgi Rina Dalva Neubarth , da Mota Lícia Maria Henrique , da Rocha Loures Marcos Antônio Araújo , dos Santos Paiva Eduardo , Monticielo Odirlei André , Xavier Ricardo Machado , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Pileggi Gecilmara Cristina Salviato 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To provide guidelines on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) to rheumatologists considering specific scenarios of the daily practice based on the shared-making decision (SMD) process.

Methods
A task force was constituted by 24 rheumatologists (panel members), with clinical and research expertise in immunizations and infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients, endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (BSR), to develop guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IMRD. A consensus was built through the Delphi method and involved four rounds of anonymous voting, where five options were used to determine the level of agreement (LOA), based on the Likert Scale: (1) strongly disagree; (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree (neutral); (4) agree; and (5) strongly agree. Nineteen questions were addressed and discussed via teleconference to formulate the answers. In order to identify the relevant data on COVID-19 vaccines, a search with standardized descriptors and synonyms was performed on September 10th, 2021, of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and LILACS to identify studies of interest. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies.

Results
All the nineteen questions-answers (Q&A) were approved by the BSR Task Force with more than 80% of panelists voting options 4—agree—and 5—strongly agree—, and a consensus was reached. These Guidelines were focused in SMD on the most appropriate timing for IMRD patients to get vaccinated to reach the adequate covid-19 vaccination response.

Conclusion
These guidelines were developed by a BSR Task Force with a high LOA among panelists, based on the literature review of published studies and expert opinion for COVID-19 vaccination in IMRD patients. Noteworthy, in the pandemic period, up to the time of the review and the consensus process for this document, high-quality evidence was scarce. Thus, it is not a substitute for clinical judgment.
Optimized sparse polynomial chaos expansion with entropy regularization
Authors: Zeng Sijie , Duan Xiaojun , Chen Jiangtao , Yan Liang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSparse Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) is widely used in various engineering fields to quantitatively analyse the influence of uncertainty, while alleviating the problem of dimensionality curse. However, current sparse PCE techniques focus on choosing features with the largest coefficients, which may ignore uncertainties propagated with high order features. Hence, this paper proposes the idea of selecting polynomial chaos basis based on information entropy, which aims to retain the advantages of existing sparse techniques while considering entropy change as output uncertainty. A novel entropy-based optimization method is proposed to update the state-of-the-art sparse PCE models. This work further develops an entropy-based synthetic sparse model, which has higher computational efficiency. Two benchmark functions and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) experiment are used to compare the accuracy and efficiency between the proposed method and classical methods. The results show that entropy-based methods can better capture the features of uncertainty propagation, improving accuracy and reducing sparsity while avoiding over-fitting problems.
What’s new in artificially intelligent joint surgery in China? The minutes of the 2021 IEEE ICRA and literature review
Authors: Xu Zhonghua , Zhang Yuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To outline the main results of the 2021 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2021) of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and review the advances in artificially intelligent joint surgery in China.

Methods
The keynote speeches of the 2021 ICRA were summarized in detail, and publications indexed by five core electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase and CNKI) were systematically surveyed (cutoff date: July 30, 2021) in terms of the main topics of the conference. Publications directly related to artificially intelligent joint surgery in China were identified by using the search strategies of (robotic AND arthroplasty OR replacement), (navigation AND arthroplasty OR replacement), (artificial intelligent AND arthroplasty OR replacement), and (mixed reality AND arthroplasty OR replacement) and systemically reviewed.

Results
While robot-assisted arthroplasty in China is mainly performed using robots made in other countries (e.g., Mako from Stryker, USA), China’s domestic R&D of robots and clinical studies of robotic joint surgery have made some achievements. Although reports on the safety, effectiveness and clinical efficacy of China’s domestic robot-assisted joint surgery were presented at conferences, they have rarely been published in journals. Existing data indicate that, after the learning curve is overcome, robot-assisted hip and knee replacement surgery can fully achieve the established goals of precision and individualization and can significantly improve the accuracy of prosthesis placement angle and the recovery of the mechanical axis as compared with conventional surgery. The downside is that the low level of intelligentization and individualization means that existing designs are not conducive to personalization during surgery, resulting in low cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion
The safety and efficacy of domestic robot-assisted arthroplasty in China are well documented, and its accuracy and short-term clinical efficacy have been reported. However, the long-term clinical efficacy and the cost-effectiveness of large-scale clinical application of this technique warrants further study. The inadequacies of robot-assisted surgery should be remedied through the deep integration of medicine, engineering and the network.
Oral carcinoma cuniculatum: an unacquainted entity with diagnostic challenges—a case report
Authors: Baz Safaa , Amer Hatem Wael , Wahed Ali A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Oral carcinoma cuniculatum (OCC) is an unacquainted well-differentiated subtype of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which displays unique clinic-pathological features. Up to date, OCC remains rare with about 75 reported cases, and is frequently missed or even misdiagnosed.

Case presentation
The aim of the present work was: to report a case of OCC in mandibular gingiva and to highlight its main clinic-pathological diagnostic features: with an exophytic cobble-stone surface and a characteristic endophytic burrowing architecture, as well as to differentiate between it and other closely similar lesions including verrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma, and well-differentiated conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions
An accurate diagnosis of OCC entails awareness of the clinicians and pathologists about its entity, proper knowledge of the diagnostic clinical and histopathological evidence, and the ability to differentiate it from closely similar lesions.
Prevalence, aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and predictors of urinary tract infection among neonates with clinical sepsis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lugira Yasintha S. , Kimaro Fransisca D. , Mkhoi Mkhoi L. , Mafwenga Samuel G. , Joho Angelina A. , Yahaya James J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common and life-threatening bacterial infection among neonates. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, aetiology, and susceptible antimicrobial agents among neonates with UTI.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study that included 152 neonates with clinical sepsis who were admitted at Dodoma regional referral hospital from January to June 2020. Bacterial growth of 1 × 103 colony forming units/mL of a single uropathogen was used to define the presence of UTI. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 and multivariate analysis was used to determine the predicting factors of UTI. P <0.05 was regarded statistically significant.

Results
The prevalence of UTI was 18.4% (28/152). Klebsiella pneumoniae 64.3% (18/28) and Enterobacter spp. 35.7% (10/28) were the bacterial agents isolated. The bacterial isolates were 90%, and 60% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amikacin, respectively. Low Apgar score (AOR = 12.76, 95% CI = 4.17–39.06, p<0.001), prolonged labour (AOR = 5.36, 95% CI = 1.28–22.52, p = 0.022), positive urine nitrite test (AOR = 26.67, 95% CI = 7.75–91.70, p<0.001), and positive leucocyte esterase test (AOR = 6.64, 95% CI = 1.47–29.97, p = 0.014) were potential predictors of UTI.

Conclusion
The prevalence of UTI confirmed by urine culture among neonates that were included in the present study indicates that this problem is common in the population where the study was conducted. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. were the uropathogens which were isolated. Ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin were sensitive to the isolated uropathogens.
Neutral bremsstrahlung electroluminescence in noble liquids
Authors: Borisova E. , Buzulutskov A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Proportional electroluminescence (EL) is the physical effect used in two-phase dark matter detectors, to optically record in the gas phase the ionization signal produced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. In our previous works the presence of a new EL mechanism in noble gases, namely that of neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS), was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, in addition to the ordinary EL mechanism due to excimer emission. In this work we show that the similar theoretical approach can apply to noble liquids, namely to liquid helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon. In particular, the photon yields and spectra for NBrS EL in noble liquids have been calculated for the first time, using the electron energy and transport parameters obtained in the framework of Cohen-Lekner and Atrazhev theory. The relevance of the results obtained to the development of noble liquid detectors for dark matter searches and neutrino experiments is discussed.
Surveillance Improves Outcomes for Carriers of SDHB Pathogenic Variants: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Davidoff Dahlia F , Benn Diana E , Field Michael , Crook Ashley , Robinson Bruce G , Tucker Katherine , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Burgess John R , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Carriers of succinate dehydrogenase type B (SDHB) pathogenic variants (PVs) are at risk of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) from a young age. It is widely recommended carriers enter a surveillance program to detect tumors, but there are limited studies addressing outcomes of surveillance protocols for SDHB PV carriers.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to describe surveillance-detected (s-d) tumors in SDHB PV carriers enrolled in a surveillance program and to compare their outcomes to probands.

Methods
This was a multicenter study of SDHB PV carriers with at least 1 surveillance episode (clinical, biochemical, imaging) in Australian genetics clinics. Data were collected by both retrospective and ongoing prospective follow-up. Median duration of follow-up was 6.0 years.

Results
181 SDHB PV carriers (33 probands and 148 nonprobands) were assessed. Tumors were detected in 20% of nonprobands undergoing surveillance (age range 9-76 years). Estimated 10-year metastasis-free survival was 66% for probands and 84% for nonprobands with s-d tumors (P = .027). S-d tumors were smaller than those in probands (median 27 mm vs 45 mm respectively, P = .001). Tumor size ≥40 mm was associated with progression to metastatic disease (OR 16.9, 95% CI 2.3-187.9, P = .001). Patients with s-d tumors had lower mortality compared to probands: 10-year overall survival was 79% for probands and 100% for nonprobands (P = .029).

Conclusion
SDHB carriers with s-d tumors had smaller tumors, reduced risk of metastatic disease, and lower mortality than probands. Our results suggest that SDHB PV carriers should undertake surveillance to improve clinical outcomes.
Circulating Levels of microRNA-122 and Hepatic Fat Change in Response to Weight-Loss Interventions: CENTRAL Trial
Authors: Wang Mengying , Xue Qiaochu , Li Xiang , Krohn Knut , Ziesche Stefanie , Ceglarek Uta , Blüher Matthias , Keller Maria , Yaskolka Meir Anat , Heianza Yoriko , Kovacs Peter , Shai Iris , Qi Lu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Little is known about the relations between changes in circulating microRNA-122 (miR-122) and liver fat in response to weight-loss interventions. We aimed to investigate the association between miR-122 and changes of hepatic fat content during 18-month diet and physical activity interventions.

Methods
The CENTRAL trial is an 18-month randomized, controlled trial among adults with abdominal obesity or dyslipidemia. Subjects were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet or a Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate diet. After 6 months of dietary intervention, each diet group was further randomized into added physical activity groups or no added physical activity groups for the following 12 months of intervention. The current study included 220 participants at baseline and 134 participants with repeated measurements on serum miR-122 and hepatic fat content over 18 months.

Results
Serum miR-122 significantly increased from baseline to 18 months, while no difference was observed across the 4 intervention groups. We found a significant association between miR-122 and hepatic fat content at baseline, as per unit increment in log-transformed miR-122 was associated with 3.79 higher hepatic fat content (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, we found that higher elevations in miR-122 were associated with less reductions in hepatic fat percentage during 18-month interventions (β = 1.56, P = 0.002). We also found a significant interaction between changes in miR-122 and baseline fasting plasma glucose with hepatic fat content changes in 18 months (P interaction = 0.02).

Conclusions
Our data indicate that participants with higher elevation in serum miR-122 may benefit less in reduction of hepatic fat content in response to diet and physical activity interventions.
Eri silkworm spins mechanically robust silk fibers regardless of reeling speed
Authors: Yazawa Kenjiro , Tatebayashi Yuka , Kajiura Zenta 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Wild silkworms survive in environmental habitats in which temperature and humidity vary based on the weather. In contrast, domesticated silkworms live in mild environments where temperature and humidity are generally maintained at constant levels. Previous studies showed that the mechanical strengths and molecular orientation of the silk fibers reeled from domesticated silkworms are significantly influenced by the reeling speed. Here, we investigated the effects of reeling speed on the mechanical properties of eri silk fibers produced by wild silkworms, Samia cynthia ricini, which belong to the family of Saturniidae. We found that the structural, morphological and mechanical features of eri silk fibers are maintained irrespective of the reeling speed, in contrast to those of domesticated silkworm silk fibers. The obtained results are useful not only for understanding the biological basis underlying the natural formation of silk fibers but also for contributing to the design of artificial spinning systems for producing synthetic silk fibers.
The interplay of directional information provided by unpolarised and polarised light in the heading direction network of the diurnal dung beetle Kheper lamarcki
Authors: Khaldy Lana , Foster James J. , Yilmaz Ayse , Belušič Gregor , Gagnon Yakir , Tocco Claudia , Byrne Marcus J. , Dacke Marie 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The sun is the most prominent source of directional information in the heading direction network of the diurnal, ball-rolling dung beetle Kheper lamarcki. If this celestial body is occluded from the beetle's field of view, the distribution of the relative weight between the directional cues that remain shifts in favour of the celestial pattern of polarised light. In this study, we continue to explore the interplay of the sun and polarisation pattern as directional cues in the heading direction network of K. lamarcki. By systematically altering the intensity and degree of the two cues, we effectively change the relative reliability as they appear to the dung beetle. The response of the beetle to these modifications allows us to closely examine how the weighting relationship of these two sources of directional information is influenced and altered in the heading direction network of the beetle. We conclude that the process by which K. lamarcki relies on directional information is very likely done based on Bayesian reasoning, where directional information conveying the highest certainty at a particular moment is afforded the greatest weight.