bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Approach to the Study of Descriptive Geometry
Authors: Sal'kov N. 
Published: June 2022

The issues of inconsistency of some terms used in descriptive geometry with the rules of GOST R 2.105-2019 ESCD "General Requirements for Text Documents", as well as related to the projection of surfaces, are considered. The structure of descriptive geometry’s textbooks is considered, according to which all textbooks of this discipline have been built up until recently. This structure forms a sequence in the study of descriptive geometry in almost all higher education institutes. Criticism of this structure, which has been using for teaching since time immemorial without significant changes what, in particular, presents significant difficulties in descriptive geometry studying, is given.
In contrast with the existing structure, a new one is proposed (if the structure proposed near 50 years ago can be called new), but this new structure is almost nowhere used for release of information on descriptive geometry. This proposed structure is scientifically justified, practically verified and offered for universal use.
In addition, the classification of positional and metric problems, and use of algorithms common for them is proposed.
The proposed structure contains the following sections: 1. Basic concepts of descriptive geometry. 2. Set up of geometric figures in a drawing. 3. Positional problems. 4. Metric problems. 5. Conversion methods. 6. Involutes.
The sections arranged in the proposed coherent system, considered separately from each other and not subject to mixing, make it possible to systematize and algorithmize the processes of descriptive geometry layout and studying.
Stochastic Approximation Proximal Method of Multipliers for Convex Stochastic Programming
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Zhang Yule , Xiao Xiantao , Wu Jia 
Published: June 2022

This paper considers the problem of minimizing a convex expectation function over a closed convex set, coupled with a set of inequality convex expectation constraints. We present a new stochastic approximation proximal method of multipliers to solve this convex stochastic optimization problem. We analyze regrets of the proposed method for solving convex stochastic optimization problems. Under mild conditions, we show that this method exhibits sublinear regret for both objective reduction and constraint violation if parameters in the algorithm are properly chosen. Moreover, we investigate the high probability performance of the proposed method under the standard light-tail assumption. Funding: This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant DUT20LK33]; Dalian High-Level Talent Innovation Program [Grant 2020RD09]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 11731013, 11871135, 11971089, and 12071055].
Assessing technical skill in ankle fracture surgery from the postoperative radiograph
Authors: James Hannah K. , Griffin James , Pattison Giles T. R. 
Published: June 2022

Aims To identify a core outcome set of postoperative radiographic measurements to assess technical skill in ankle fracture open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), and to validate these against Van der Vleuten’s criteria for effective assessment. Methods An e-Delphi exercise was undertaken at a major trauma centre (n = 39) to identify relevant parameters. Feasibility was tested by two authors. Reliability and validity was tested using postoperative radiographs of ankle fracture operations performed by trainees enrolled in an educational trial (IRCTN 20431944). To determine construct validity, trainees were divided into novice (performed < ten cases at baseline) and intermediate groups (performed ≥ ten cases at baseline). To assess concurrent validity, the procedure-based assessment (PBA) was considered the gold standard. The inter-rater and intrarater reliability was tested using a randomly selected subset of 25 cases. Results Overall, 235 ankle ORIFs were performed by 24 postgraduate year three to five trainees during ten months at nine NHS hospitals in England, UK. Overall, 42 PBAs were completed. The e-Delphi panel identified five ‘final product analysis’ parameters and defined acceptability thresholds: medial clear space (MCS); medial malleolar displacement (MMD); lateral malleolar displacement (LMD); tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) (all in mm); and talocrural angle (TCA) in degrees. Face validity, content validity, and feasibility were excellent. PBA global rating scale scores in this population showed excellent construct validity as continuous (p < 0.001) and categorical (p = 0.001) variables. Concurrent validity of all metrics was poor against PBA score. Intrarater reliability was substantial for all parameters (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.8), and inter-rater reliability was substantial for LMD, MMD, TCA, and moderate (ICC 0.61 to 0.80) for MCS and TFCS. Assessment was time efficient compared to PBA. Conclusion Assessment of technical skill in ankle fracture surgery using the first postoperative radiograph satisfies the tested Van der Vleuten’s utility criteria for effective assessment. 'Final product analysis' assessment may be useful to assess skill transfer in the simulation-based research setting. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(6):502–509.
La crédulité des crédules. Débat public et panique morale autour des fake news en France
Authors: Vauchez Ysé 
Published: June 2022

Depuis son apparition au début de l’année 2017, le terme de « fake news » suscite une production relativement constante de discours publics, politiques ou médiatiques à son propos. Leur abondance, ainsi que leur nature parfois alarmiste ou catastrophiste, conduit certains à employer l’expression de « panique morale », ou de « panique médiatique », afin de qualifier ce moment d’inquiétude collective concernant la désinformation en ligne et ses conséquences négatives sur les comportements individuels. Cet article vise donc à interroger et explorer cette application du concept de panique morale à la « crise des fake news », à travers l’analyse de corpus des émissions audiovisuelles qui portent sur ce phénomène en France entre 2017 et 2019. Celle-ci revient sur les espaces médiatiques de diffusion, les positions des invités des émissions, et les cadrages thématiques qui y sont développés : définition du phénomène, causes et responsables, conséquences sur les publics. Cette analyse permet ainsi de saisir comment cette séquence médiatique particulière a contribué à façonner le champ des possibles d’une action publique de lutte contre les fake news.
Alleviative effects of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the physiological toxicity of 3-nitrophenol to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
Authors: Sainao Wangqing , Shi Zhenzhen , Pang Hailong , Feng Hanqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present study, we explored whether magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs-Fe3O4) can be used to alleviate the toxicity of 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that 3-NP from 7 to 560 μM decreased the growth, photochemical activity of the photosystem II (PS II), and chlorophyll content of the seedlings in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of 3-NP, 2,000 mg L−1 MNPs-Fe3O4 were added to the growth medium as the absorbents of 3-NP and then were separated with a magnet. The emergence of MNPs-Fe3O4 effectively alleviated the negative effects of 3-NP on rice seedlings. In addition, the long-term presence of MNPs-Fe3O4 (from 100 to 2,000 mg L−1) in the growth medium enhanced the growth, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of antioxidant enzymes, photochemical activity of PS II, and chlorophyll content of the rice seedlings. These results suggest that MNPs-Fe3O4 could be used as potential additives to relieve the physiological toxicity of 3-NP to rice seedlings.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Tatera indica Hardwicke 1807 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Pothwar, Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Amber , Kayani Amjad Rashid , Nadeem Muhammad Sajid , Mushtaq Muhammad , Beg Mirza Azhar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Genus Tatera is comprised of 12 species, but only one species, Tatera indica, exists in Asia. T. indica is considered an agricultural pest and host of a few zoonotic diseases. However, the data on morphological characteristics are published, but the aspect of molecular characterization is lacking to confirm the status of subspecies in most of the Asian countries including Pakistan. Therefore, the present study is the first study on morphological and molecular characterization of T. indica to get a phylogenetic relationship with the population of T. indica in Pakistan. Almost all the morphometric, cranial, and dental values of T. indica were lower in the present study as compared to the specimen from Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The molecular analysis indicated the presence of sub-species of T. indica. Interestingly, the cytochrome b gene sequence showed more resemblance to the Iranian rat than the previously reported sequence of a Pakistani T. indica. Iran shares a border with Pakistan, and migration between the two countries could be a possible reason. The resembling morphometric data on Iranian rats also explain this phenomenon. The present study found, although minor, evidence of the presence of sub-species even within Pakistan. Unfortunately, the previously submitted sequence from Pakistan was not supplemented with morphometric data and the exact capturing site of the rat. Therefore, further molecular and morphometric data from other regions are required to confirm the presence of sub-species.
Experimental investigations on transmission of whole body vibration to the wheelchair user's body
Authors: Chwalik-Pilszyk Gabriela , Ziemianski Daniel , Kozien Marek S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the influence of whole body vibrations (WBVs) on a person moving in a wheelchair. The tests were carried out using an electrohydraulic shaker for a kinematic harmonic excitation with a constant amplitude and frequencies, respectively, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Hz. The accelerations caused by vibrations were measured with three-axis accelerometers at three measuring points: on the seat, chest, and head of the examined person. The research included frequency and statistical analyses of vibrations. The analyses were focused on the course of the transition functions over frequency. The range of the disabled person’s exposure to the negative factor which is WBVs was assessed.
Who Are Leaners? How True Independents Differ from the Weakest Partisans and Why It Matters
Authors: Klar Samara , Krupnikov Yanna , Ryan John Barry 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Independents who lean toward a party constitute a plurality of Americans. Despite their reluctance to identify as partisans, scholars find that “leaners” look much like partisans with respect to their voting behavior, civic engagement, and policy preferences. Yet, existing literature does not consider the possibility that different factors lead Democrats and Republicans to opt for an independent label. We consider heterogeneity in what leads people to report that they are “leaners” and we identify important partisan differences. By introducing a novel survey measure administered on a large adult sample, we identify both the motivation for, and consequence of, identifying as a leaner. Our results reveal that modern-day Republican leaners are largely motivated by a dissatisfaction with their own party. They are ideologically more moderate and are subsequently less willing to support their party’s candidate. Democratic leaners, on the other hand, appear satisfied with their party’s ideology and candidates, but nevertheless value an independent label. Our work suggests that partisan identification is both expressive and politically contextual. Our study provides an important step in identifying distinct motivations and electoral consequences within this large and growing segment of Americans.
Improved Implementation of Material Behaviour Change due to Bake Hardening in the Simulation of the Process Chain
Authors: Hofmann M. , Oeckerath A. , Wallmersperger T. , Wolf K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The steadily increasing demands on the crash safety of automobiles with simultaneous weight reduction also mean higher requirements for crash simulation. In addition to manufacturability, the focus in component dimensioning is increasingly on crash properties. In order to improve the predictive accuracy of crash simulation, the individual process steps must be coupled in the simulations. To increase the quality of the predictions, thermal treatments such as curing of the paint, which normally takes place at 170 °C for around 20 minutes, should also be taken into account. In many steels, the so-called bake-hardening effect occurs. This leads to an increase in the yield stress. In this publication, different transformation approaches for the hardening curves will be investigated in order to increase the prediction accuracy in the process chain. An example is used to demonstrate their easy applicability in the simulation of the process chain.
Variation of the Compound Layer Structure by Controlled Gas Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing
Authors: Sommer M. , Epp J. , Steinbacher M. , Fechte-Heinen R. , Hoja S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to enhance the load capacity, gears can be nitrided. The diffusion zone, measurable by the nitriding hardness depth, is considered to be the parameter governing for the high load-bearing capacity of nitrided gears. The wear behavior of gears is mainly determined by the characteristics (phase, porosity and chemical composition) of the compound layer but the influence of the compound layer on the load carrying capacity is not known yet. In this work, nitriding treatments for gears were developed with the aim to create compound layers with varying thickness, composition and properties in order to ensure a maximum load carrying capacity for nitrided gears.
Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gyliene Augustina , Straksyte Vestina , Zaboriene Inga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age associated with hyperandrogenism, oligo-amenorrhea, and infertility. Symptoms and their severity vary among the individuals. If the manifestation is mild, PCOS may remain undiagnosed. In more severe cases, it results in a spectrum of symptoms of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. The diagnosis is established after a physical examination and evaluating the patient’s hormonal profile. In addition to these required methods, ultrasonographic assessment of the patient’s ovaries is another non-invasive, cheap, and time-saving tool, making the examination more profound and leading to the correct diagnosis. Specific ultrasonographic parameters are used to tell the healthy and polycystic ovaries apart: the ovarian volume (OV), ovarian follicle count, follicle distribution pattern, ovarian stromal echogenicity, and the resistance and pulsatility indices assessed using the Doppler function. This review evaluated the selected articles and ascertained the ultrasonographic parameters that accurately predict PCOS. This systematic review showed that the most valuable ultrasonographic parameters in diagnosing PCOS are the OV and follicle number per ovary.
Multi-moded high-index contrast optical waveguide for super-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy
Authors: Jayakumar Nikhil , Dullo Firehun T. , Dubey Vishesh , Ahmad Azeem , Ströhl Florian , Cauzzo Jennifer , Guerreiro Eduarda Mazagao , Snir Omri , Skalko-Basnet Natasa , Agarwal Krishna , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article elucidates the physical mechanism behind the generation of superior-contrast and high-resolution label-free images using an optical waveguide. Imaging is realized by employing a high index contrast multi-moded waveguide as a partially coherent light source. The modes provide near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the higher spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. These modes coherently scatter off the sample with different phases and are engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration time of the camera. This mitigates the coherent speckle noise and enhances the contrast (2–10) × as opposed to other imaging techniques. Besides, the coherent scattering of the different modes gives rise to fluctuations in intensity. The technique demonstrated here is named chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS). The concepts introduced through this work are described mathematically and the high-contrast image generation process using a multi-moded waveguide as the light source is explained. The article then explores the feasibility of utilizing fluctuations in the captured images along with fluorescence-based techniques, like intensity-fluctuation algorithms, to mitigate poor-contrast and diffraction-limited resolution in the coherent imaging regime. Furthermore, a straight waveguide is demonstrated to have limited angular diversity between its multiple modes and therefore, for isotropic sample illumination, a multiple-arms waveguide geometry is used. The concepts introduced are validated experimentally via high-contrast label-free imaging of weakly scattering nanosized specimens such as extra-cellular vesicles (EVs), liposomes, nanobeads and biological cells such as fixed and live HeLa cells.
Steering coherence in quantum dots by carriers injection via tunneling
Authors: Khanonkin Igor , Bauer Sven , Eyal Ori , Reithmaier Johann Peter , Eisenstein Gadi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Coherent control is a key experimental technique for quantum optics and quantum information processing. We demonstrate a new degree of freedom in coherent control of semiconductor quantum dot (QD) ensembles operating at room temperature using the tunneling injection (TI) processes in which charge carriers tunnel directly from a quantum well reservoir to QD confined states. The TI scheme was originally proposed and implemented to improve QD lasers and optical amplifiers, by providing a direct injection path of cold carriers thereby eliminating the hot carrier injection problem which enhances gain nonlinearity. The impact of the TI processes on the coherent time of the QDs was never considered, however. We show here that since the cold carriers that tunnel to the oscillating QD state are incoherent, the rate of injection determines the coherent time of the QDs thereby controlling coherent light–matter interactions. Coherent interactions by means of Rabi oscillations were demonstrated in absorption and for weak excitation pulses in the gain regime. However, Rabi oscillations are totally diminished under strong excitation pulses which increase the rate of stimulated emission, causing the tunneling processes to dominate what shortens the coherence time significantly. Since the tunneling rate, and hence, the coherence time, were controlled by the optical excitation and electrical bias, our finding paves the way for TI-based coherence switching on a sub-picosecond time scale in room-temperature semiconductor nanometric structures.
Apparent nutrient utilization and metabolic growth rate of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, cultured in recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems
Authors: Amin Muhamad , Agustono Agustono , Ali Muhamad , Prayugo Prayugo , Hum Nurul Nadiah Mohd Firdaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and biofloc systems (BFS) have been considered eco-friendly aquaculture technologies in the last few decades. However, which system performs better has become a common question for fish farmers. Thus, this study aimed to compare the performances of the two aquaculture systems in culturing Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, larvae.

Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted by culturing 3-day post-hatching (dph) tilapia larvae in either the RAS or BFS for 43 days. At the end of the culture period, apparent net protein utilization (NPUa), apparent fat utilization (NFUa) and apparent net energy utilization (NEUa), metabolic growth rate (GRmet) of Nile tilapia, and water quality were compared using analysis of variance.

Results
The result showed, in general, that RAS performed better than BFS. NPUa and NEUa were significantly higher in Nile tilapia cultured in RAS than that of BFS, p < 0.05. While NFUa was not significantly different, p > 0.05. GRmet of tilapia cultured in BFS was higher in the first week but showed to be the same during the second week to the fourth week. At the end of the culture period (43 days), the GRmet of tilapia cultured in RAS was significantly higher than those of fish raised in the BFS. Other results showed that water quality parameters, including total ammonia nitrogen (TAN-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N), were lower in RAS than in BFS during the culture periods. While urea and CO2 were significantly higher in the rearing water of BFS than that of RAS, p < 0.05.

Conclusion
The RAS had better performance than the BFS in culturing tilapia larvae.
Quality prediction and control of thin-walled shell injection molding based on GWO-PSO, ACO-BP, and NSGA-II
Authors: Wang Dezhao , Fan Xiying , Guo Yonghuan , Lu Xiangning , Wang Changjing , Ding Wenjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
ECG recorders are precision medical devices, but their thin-walled shells are susceptible to warpage and shrinkage during injection molding production due to the injection molding process, which greatly shortens their service life. To address this problem, a multiobjective optimization method for injection molding process parameters based on a combination of a BP neural network model optimized by an ant colony algorithm (ACO-BP) and an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed. The study takes the warpage deformation amount and volume shrinkage rate of the plastic part as the optimization objectives, and the melt temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure, holding time, and cooling time as the design variables. However, for BP neural networks, it is crucial to choose an appropriate number of hidden layer neurons, so the particle swarm algorithm combined with the grey wolf algorithm (GWO-PSO) is used to solve for the optimal number of hidden layer neurons. Firstly, the number of hidden layer neurons of the BP network model was solved based on the samples obtained from the Box–Behnken experimental design and the GWO-PSO algorithm, and the ACO-BP algorithm was used to build the prediction models for warpage and volume shrinkage, respectively, and then combined with NSGA-II for global optimisation. The pareto optimal solution set was subjected to CRITIC analysis and the optimal process parameters were finally obtained, with a minimum warpage of 0.3293 mm and minimum volume shrinkage of 4.993%, a reduction of 8.93 and 6.95% respectively compared to the pre-optimisation period. At the same time, injection molding tests were carried out on the optimum process parameters, and it was found that the molding quality of the plastic parts was better and met the actual production requirements through measurement. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for further improving the quality defects of the thin-walled injection molded parts.