bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiviral efficacy of cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Nefedova Alexandra , Rausalu Kai , Zusinaite Eva , Vanetsev Alexander , Rosenberg Merilin , Koppel Kairi , Lilla Stevin , Visnapuu Meeri , Smits Krisjanis , Kisand Vambola , Tätte Tanel , Ivask Angela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanomaterials are prospective candidates for the elimination of viruses due to their multimodal mechanisms of action. Here, we tested the antiviral potential of a largely unexplored nanoparticle of cerium dioxide (CeO2). Two nano-CeO2with opposing surface charge, (+) and (−), were assessed for their capability to decrease the plaque forming units (PFU) of four enveloped and two non-enveloped viruses during 1-h exposure. Statistically significant antiviral activity towards enveloped coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was registered already at 20 mg Ce/l. For other two enveloped viruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and bacteriophage φ6, antiviral activity was evidenced at 200 mg Ce/l. As expected, the sensitivity of non-enveloped viruses towards nano-CeO2was significantly lower. EMCV picornavirus showed no decrease in PFU until the highest tested concentration, 2000 mg Ce/l and MS2 bacteriophage showed slight non-monotonic response to high concentrations of nano-CeO2(−). Parallel testing of antiviral activity of Ce3+ions and SiO2nanoparticles allows to conclude that nano-CeO2activity was neither due to released Ce-ions nor nonspecific effects of nanoparticulates. Moreover, we evidenced higher antiviral efficacy of nano-CeO2compared with Ag nanoparticles. This result along with low antibacterial activity and non-existent cytotoxicity of nano-CeO2allow us to propose CeO2nanoparticles for specific antiviral applications.
Label-free third harmonic generation imaging and quantification of lipid droplets in live filamentous fungi
Authors: Pajić Tanja , Todorović Nataša V. , Živić Miroslav , Nikolić Stanko N. , Rabasović Mihailo D. , Clayton Andrew H. A. , Krmpot Aleksandar J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report the utilization of Third-Harmonic Generation microscopy for label-free live cell imaging of lipid droplets in the hypha of filamentous fungusPhycomyces blakesleeanus. THG microscopy images showed bright spherical features dispersed throughout the hypha cytoplasm in control conditions and a transient increase in the number of bright features after complete nitrogen starvation. Colocalization analysis of THG and lipid-counterstained images disclosed that the cytoplasmic particles were lipid droplets. Particle Size Analysis and Image Correlation Spectroscopy were used to quantify the number density and size of lipid droplets. The two analysis methods both revealed an increase from 16 × 10−3to 23 × 10−3lipid droplets/µm2after nitrogen starvation and a decrease in the average size of the droplets (range: 0.5–0.8 µm diameter). In conclusion, THG imaging, followed by PSA and ICS, can be reliably used for filamentous fungi for the in vivo quantification of lipid droplets without the need for labeling and/or fixation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that ICS is suitable for THG microscopy.
Correlation of T1- to T2-weighted signal intensity ratio with T1- and T2-relaxation time and IDH mutation status in glioma
Authors: Sanada Takahiro , Yamamoto Shota , Sakai Mio , Umehara Toru , Sato Hirotaka , Saito Masato , Mitsui Nobuyuki , Hiroshima Satoru , Anei Ryogo , Kanemura Yonehiro , Tanino Mishie , Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Kishima Haruhiko , Kinoshita Manabu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to test whether the ratio of T1-weighted to T2-weighted signal intensity (T1W/T2W ratio: rT1/T2) derived from conventional MRI could act as a surrogate relaxation time predictive of IDH mutation status in histologically lower-grade gliomas. Strong exponential correlations were found between rT1/T2 and each of T1- and T2-relaxation times in eight subjects (rT1/T2 = 1.63exp−0.0005T1-relax + 0.30 and rT1/T2 = 1.27exp−0.0081T2-relax + 0.48; R2 = 0.64 and 0.59, respectively). In a test cohort of 25 patients, mean rT1/T2 (mrT1/T2) was significantly higher in IDHwt tumors than in IDHmt tumors (p < 0.05) and the optimal cut-off of mrT1/T2 for discriminating IDHmt was 0.666–0.677, (AUC = 0.75, p < 0.05), which was validated in an external domestic cohort of 29 patients (AUC = 0.75, p = 0.02). However, this result was not validated in an external international cohort derived from TCIA/TCGA (AUC = 0.63, p = 0.08). The t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding analysis revealed a greater diversity in image characteristics within the TCIA/TCGA cohort than in the two domestic cohorts. The failure of external validation in the TCIA/TCGA cohort could be attributed to its wider variety of original imaging characteristics.
Mosquito host-seeking diel rhythm and chemosensory gene expression is affected by age and Plasmodium stages
Authors: Hajkazemian Melika , Hill Sharon R. , Mozūraitis Raimondas , Ranford-Cartwright Lisa , Emami S. Noushin , Ignell Rickard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalaria parasites can affect vector-related behaviours, increasing transmission success. Using Anopheles gambiae and Plasmodium falciparum, we consider the effect of interaction between infection stage and vector age on diel locomotion in response to human odour and the expression of antennal chemosensory genes. We identified age-dependent behavioural diel compartmentalisation by uninfected females post-blood meal. Infection disrupts overall and diel activity patterns compared with age-matched controls. In this study, mosquitoes carrying transmissible sporozoites were more active, shifting activity periods which corresponded with human host availability, in response to human odour. Older, uninfected, blood-fed females displayed reduced activity during their peak host-seeking period in response to human odour. Age- and infection stage-specific changes in odour-mediated locomotion coincide with altered transcript abundance of select chemosensory genes suggesting a possible molecular mechanism regulating the behaviour. We hypothesize that vector-related behaviours of female mosquitoes are altered by infection stage and further modulated by the age post-blood meal of the vector. Findings may have important implications for malaria transmission and disease dynamics.
Using a multiomics approach to unravel a septic shock specific signature in skeletal muscle
Authors: Duceau Baptiste , Blatzer Michael , Bardon Jean , Chaze Thibault , Giai Gianetto Quentin , Castelli Florence , Fenaille François , Duarte Lucie , Lescot Thomas , Tresallet Christophe , Riou Bruno , Matondo Mariette , Langeron Olivier , Rocheteau Pierre , Chrétien Fabrice , Bouglé Adrien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organs failure. Among them, sepsis induces skeletal muscle (SM) alterations that contribute to acquired-weakness in critically ill patients. Proteomics and metabolomics could unravel biological mechanisms in sepsis-related organ dysfunction. Our objective was to characterize a distinctive signature of septic shock in human SM by using an integrative multi-omics approach. Muscle biopsies were obtained as part of a multicenter non-interventional prospective study. Study population included patients in septic shock (S group, with intra-abdominal source of sepsis) and two critically ill control populations: cardiogenic shock (C group) and brain dead (BD group). The proteins and metabolites were extracted and analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry, respectively. Fifty patients were included, 19 for the S group (53% male, 64 ± 17 years, SAPS II 45 ± 14), 12 for the C group (75% male, 63 ± 4 years, SAPS II 43 ± 15), 19 for the BD group (63% male, 58 ± 10 years, SAPS II 58 ± 9). Biopsies were performed in median 3 days [interquartile range 1–4]) after intensive care unit admission. Respectively 31 patients and 40 patients were included in the proteomics and metabolomics analyses of 2264 proteins and 259 annotated metabolites. Enrichment analysis revealed that mitochondrial pathways were significantly decreased in the S group at protein level: oxidative phosphorylation (adjusted p = 0.008); branched chained amino acids degradation (adjusted p = 0.005); citrate cycle (adjusted p = 0.005); ketone body metabolism (adjusted p = 0.003) or fatty acid degradation (adjusted p = 0.008). Metabolic reprogramming was also suggested (i) by the differential abundance of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway (adjusted p = 0.007), and (ii) by the accumulation of fatty acids like octanedioic acid dimethyl or hydroxydecanoic. Increased polyamines and depletion of mitochondrial thioredoxin or mitochondrial peroxiredoxin indicated a high level of oxidative stress in the S group. Coordinated alterations in the proteomic and metabolomic profiles reveal a septic shock signature in SM, highlighting a global impairment of mitochondria-related metabolic pathways, the depletion of antioxidant capacities, and a metabolic shift towards lipid accumulation.ClinicalTrial registration: NCT02789995. Date of first registration 03/06/2016.
Lipid profile and future risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration development: a nationwide cohort study from South Korea
Authors: Hwang Sungsoon , Kang Se Woong , Choi Jaehwan , Son Ki Young , Lim Dong Hui , Shin Dong Wook , Kim Kyunga , Kim Sang Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis nationwide population-based cohort study evaluated the association between lipid profiles and the future risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using authorized clinical data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. A total of 6,129,616 subjects over 50 years of age who participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2013 or 2014 were included. Data on risk factors, including age, sex, comorbidities, behavioral factors, and baseline lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were collected. Patients were followed-up patients until December 2018, and incident cases of exudative AMD were identified using registered diagnostic codes. During an average follow-up period of 4.91 years, 18,803 patients were newly diagnosed with exudative AMD. Compared to the lowest HDL cholesterol quartile group, the highest HDL cholesterol quartile group had a greater risk of future exudative AMD development with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.13 (1.08–1.18) in the fully adjusted model. The highest TG quartile group had a lower risk of exudative AMD than the lowest TG quartile group, with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.84 (0.81–0.88). High HDL cholesterol and low TG levels were prospectively associated with exudative AMD incidence.
Gender differences in the effect of a 0.11% breath alcohol concentration on forward and backward gait
Authors: Gimunová Marta , Bozděch Michal , Novák Jan , Vojtíšek Tomáš 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlcohol contributes to a large number of diseases and health conditions related to injuries. The aim of our study was to evaluate gender differences in forward and backward gait when sober and at a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.11%. Fifty females and fifty males participated in our study. The gait analysis was performed twice, when sober and after drinking a given amount of vodka mixed with orange juice. Under both conditions, participants were asked to walk forward and then backward on a Zebris platform. Multivariate analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between genders when walking forward and backward. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare the differences between 0.00% BrAC and 0.11% BrAC. Spearman’s Rho was used to analyze the relationship between the AUDIT score, anthropometrical characteristics and the subjective score of drunkenness and gait parameters. The results show different strategies to improve stability during gait in women and men when intoxicated with alcohol. When intoxicated, males in forward gait increase their stability by increasing their foot rotation, while females increase their step width. A decrease in balance-related variables was observed in females when walking backward with a BrAC of 0.11%. Additionally, females tended to perform an increase in balance-related gait variables when subjectively feeling more drunk in both forward and backward gait. Different strategies to maintain stability during gait were observed in women and men. The results of our study show that alcohol intoxication has a greater impact on gait in females who tended to perform an increase in balance-related variables with an increase in their subjective score of drunkenness.
Comprehensive clinicopathological and genomic profiling of gallbladder cancer reveals actionable targets in half of patients
Authors: de Bitter Tessa J. J. , de Reuver Philip R. , de Savornin Lohman Elise A. J. , Kroeze Leonie I. , Vink-Börger Marianne E. , van Vliet Shannon , Simmer Femke , von Rhein Daniel , Jansen Erik A. M. , Verheij Joanne , van Herpen Carla M. L. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , van der Post Rachel S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 5–10% in advanced cases, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. The aim of this study was to identify potentially actionable therapeutic targets for GBC. Specimens and clinicopathological data of 642 GBC patients, diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 were collected using the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA) and the Netherlands Cancer Registry. All cases were histologically reviewed and a subset was subjected to a comprehensive next generation sequencing panel. We assessed mutations and gene amplifications in a panel of 54 actionable genes, tumor-mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Additionally, the entire cohort was screened for HER2, PD-L1, pan-TRK, and p53 expression with immunohistochemistry. Histopathological subtypes comprised biliary-type adenocarcinoma (AC, 69.6%), intestinal-type AC (20.1%) and other subtypes (10.3%). The median total TMB was 5.5 mutations/Mb (range: 0–161.1) and 17.7% of evaluable cases had a TMB of >10 mutations/Mb. MSI was observed in two cases. Apart from mutations in TP53 (64%), tumors were molecularly highly heterogeneous. Half of the tumors (50%) carried at least one molecular alteration that is targetable in other tumor types, including alterations in CDKN2A (6.0% biallelically inactivated), ERBB2 (9.3%) and PIK3CA (10%). Immunohistochemistry results correlated well with NGS results for HER2 and p53: Pearson r = 0.82 and 0.83, respectively. As half of GBC patients carry at least one potentially actionable molecular alteration, molecular testing may open the way to explore targeted therapy options for GBC patients.
The P. aeruginosa effector Tse5 forms membrane pores disrupting the membrane potential of intoxicated bacteria
Authors: González-Magaña Amaia , Altuna Jon , Queralt-Martín María , Largo Eneko , Velázquez Carmen , Montánchez Itxaso , Bernal Patricia , Alcaraz Antonio , Albesa-Jové David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa injects effector proteins into neighbouring competitors and host cells, providing a fitness advantage that allows this opportunistic nosocomial pathogen to persist and prevail during the onset of infections. However, despite the high clinical relevance of P. aeruginosa, the identity and mode of action of most P. aeruginosa T6SS-dependent effectors remain to be discovered. Here, we report the molecular mechanism of Tse5-CT, the toxic auto-proteolytic product of the P. aeruginosa T6SS exported effector Tse5. Our results demonstrate that Tse5-CT is a pore-forming toxin that can transport ions across the membrane, causing membrane depolarisation and bacterial death. The membrane potential regulates a wide range of essential cellular functions; therefore, membrane depolarisation is an efficient strategy to compete with other microorganisms in polymicrobial environments.
ACE2 N-glycosylation modulates interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a site-specific manner
Authors: Isobe Ayana , Arai Yasuha , Kuroda Daisuke , Okumura Nobuaki , Ono Takao , Ushiba Shota , Nakakita Shin-ichi , Daidoji Tomo , Suzuki Yasuo , Nakaya Takaaki , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Watanabe Yohei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has evolved continuously and accumulated spike mutations with each variant having a different binding for the cellular ACE2 receptor. It is not known whether the interactions between such mutated spikes and ACE2 glycans are conserved among different variant lineages. Here, we focused on three ACE2 glycosylation sites (53, 90 and 322) that are geometrically close to spike binding sites and investigated the effect of their glycosylation pattern on spike affinity. These glycosylation deletions caused distinct site-specific changes in interactions with the spike and acted cooperatively. Of note, the particular interaction profiles were conserved between the SARS-CoV-2 parental virus and the variants of concern (VOCs) Delta and Omicron. Our study provides insights for a better understanding of the importance of ACE2 glycosylation on ACE2/SARS-CoV-2 spike interaction and guidance for further optimization of soluble ACE2 for therapeutic use.
Proton transfer during DNA strand separation as a source of mutagenic guanine-cytosine tautomers
Authors: Slocombe Louie , Winokan Max , Al-Khalili Jim , Sacchi Marco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProton transfer between the DNA bases can lead to mutagenic Guanine-Cytosine tautomers. Over the past several decades, a heated debate has emerged over the biological impact of tautomeric forms. Here, we determine that the energy required for generating tautomers radically changes during the separation of double-stranded DNA. Density Functional Theory calculations indicate that the double proton transfer in Guanine-Cytosine follows a sequential, step-like mechanism where the reaction barrier increases quasi-linearly with strand separation. These results point to increased stability of the tautomer when the DNA strands unzip as they enter the helicase, effectively trapping the tautomer population. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the relevant strand separation time is two orders of magnitude quicker than previously thought. Our results demonstrate that the unwinding of DNA by the helicase could simultaneously slow the formation but significantly enhance the stability of tautomeric base pairs and provide a feasible pathway for spontaneous DNA mutations.
The observation of quantum fluctuations in a kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet
Authors: Lu Fangjun , Yuan Long , Zhang Jian , Li Boqiang , Luo Yongkang , Li Yuesheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe search for the experimental evidence of quantum spin liquid (QSL) states is critical but extremely challenging, as the quenched interaction randomness introduced by structural imperfection is usually inevitable in real materials. YCu3(OH)6.5Br2.5 (YCOB) is a spin-1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA) with strong coupling of 〈J1〉 ~ 51 K but without conventional magnetic freezing down to 50 mK ~ 0.001〈J1〉. Here, we report a Br nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the local spin susceptibility and dynamics on the single crystal of YCOB. The temperature dependence of NMR main-line shifts and broadening can be well understood within the frame of the KHA model with randomly distributed hexagons of alternate exchanges, compatible with the formation of a randomness-induced QSL state at low temperatures. The in-plane spin fluctuations as measured by the spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) exhibit a weak temperature dependence down to T ~ 0.03〈J1〉. Our results demonstrate that the majority of spins remain highly fluctuating at low temperatures despite the quenched disorder in YCOB.
Supraglacial debris thickness and supply rate in High-Mountain Asia
Authors: McCarthy Michael , Miles Evan , Kneib Marin , Buri Pascal , Fugger Stefan , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSupraglacial debris strongly modulates glacier melt rates and can be decisive for ice dynamics and mountain hydrology. It is ubiquitous in High-Mountain Asia, yet because its thickness and supply rate from local topography are poorly known, our ability to forecast regional glacier change and streamflow is limited. Here we combined remote sensing and numerical modelling to resolve supraglacial debris thickness by altitude for 4689 glaciers in High-Mountain Asia, and debris-supply rate to 4141 of those glaciers. Our results reveal extensively thin supraglacial debris and high spatial variability in both debris thickness and supply rate. Debris-supply rate increases with the temperature and slope of debris-supply slopes regionally, and debris thickness increases as ice flow decreases locally. Our centennial-scale estimates of debris-supply rate are typically an order of magnitude or more lower than millennial-scale estimates of headwall-erosion rate from Beryllium-10 cosmogenic nuclides, potentially reflecting episodic debris supply to the region’s glaciers.
A novel fault diagnosis method of power cable based on convolutional probabilistic neural network with discrete wavelet transform and symmetrized dot pattern
Authors: Sian Hong‐Wei , Kuo Cheng‐Chien , Der Lu Shiue‐ , Wang Meng‐Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo accurately diagnose the XLPE power cable insulation fault, this research proposed a novel hybrid algorithm combined with Convolutional Probabilistic Neural Network (CPNN) based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Symmetrized Dot Pattern (SDP) analysis. First, it built seven different power cable insulation defect models to measure partial discharge signals of power cable insulation faults. Then, a discrete wavelet transform was used for noise filtering. The time‐domain partial discharge signal was directly converted into the point coordinate feature image of visual polar coordinates by SDP analyses. Finally, the feature image was trained and recognized by CPNN. After the important feature information of the feature‐image was extracted by convolution layer and pooling layer operations, it is applied to the power cable insulation fault state diagnosis system based on the rapid learning and highly parallel computing of Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). The experimental results proved that the method proposed in this research could accurately diagnose the power cable insulation fault type and the recognition accuracy is higher than 96%. The proposed method has a short detection time and high diagnostic accuracy. This proves that it can be applied to detect the power cable insulation fault type.