bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Conversations
Authors: Malloch Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses how to share and build communicative musicality through therapeutic conversations. It explains a therapeutic relationship as an activity in which a skilled person engages with another to further an inner sense of shareable, graceful, and goal-directed inner life. Therapeutic change is created and experienced through the jointly created narrative of the mutually informing words and musicality of voice and body movement as therapist and client talk and interact. The chapter then provides an overview of the notions of pulse, quality, and narrative, and two therapeutic activities under the model of communicative musicality. It considers how therapy and musicality assist others to move towards biological efficiency.
General Relativity for the Gifted Amateur
Authors: 9780192867414  , Lancaster Tom , Blundell Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
General relativity is a field theory that describes gravity. It engages profoundly with the nature of space and time and is based on simple ideas from the physics of fields. It can be summarised by the Einstein equation which relates a geometrical quantity, the curvature of space and time that follows from the metric field., to a physical quantity that reflects a field that describes the matter content of the Universe. We begin in Part I with an introduction to the geometry of flat spacetime, reviewing special relativity and setting up the mathematics of the metric. Part II introduces the mathematics of curvature and sets up the physics of general relativity and finishes with the Einstein field equation. Part III applies these ideas to the Universe and studies various models used in cosmology. Part IV turns to smaller structures inside the Universe: stars, black holes and their orbits. Part V contains a more formal treatment of geometry which may be of more interest to those with more mathematical inclinations. Part VI considers general relativity as a type of field theory and examines how one might link the ideas in our best theory of gravitation to our most successful theories of quantum fields.
Riemann curvature and the Ricci tensor
Authors: Lancaster Tom , Blundell Stephen J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Chapter 11, we explain how curvature of spaces are described using the Riemann tensor and the Ricci tensor. These will supply the left-hand side of the Einstein equation. Geodesic deviation allows us to identify tidal forces that result from the curvature of spacetime due to gravity.
Photons in the Schwarzschild geometry
Authors: Lancaster Tom , Blundell Stephen J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We determine the paths of photons allowed by a Schwarzschild metric in Chapters 24. Photons are deflected by gravitating objects in general relativity and one can use an effective-energy equation to allow deflection to be calculated. The deflection of light by gravitating stars is one of the classical tests of general relativity. The theory predicts results in excellent agreement with experiment.
The Actus Reus of a Complicit Arms Transfer
Authors: Hamilton Tomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 analyses the legal requirements of actus reus that must be established in order to hold an individual responsible under the Rome Statute for complicity in an international crime, applied to the specific context of weapons transfers. The standards of complicity at the International Criminal Court (ICC) pose particular legal and evidentiary issues for arms traders. The chapter critiques current interpretations of the law, identifies uncertainties, and argues that the outer limits of complicity at the ICC are determined not by ‘aiding and abetting’ as often asserted, but by the mode of liability in Article 25(3)(d)(ii). This provision, subjected to limited ICC jurisprudence, remains open to interpretation as to the degree of contribution, the causal relationship, and the issue of group membership. The chapter concludes that in many atrocity situations, there will be shipments of weapons that significantly contribute to the commission of a crime, satisfying actus reus and leaving issues of mens rea to play a more determinative role in establishing liability.
The Ties that Bind
Authors: Heinzen Jasper 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Honour formed a key component of the European laws of war. The chapter contextualizes the reasons against the backdrop of wider political, social, and intellectual transformations since the Middle Ages. Chivalry bequeathed an appealing model, but the rediscovery of stoic thought in the sixteenth century exerted the arguably greater influence on the professional formation of modern standing armies. Honour offered guidance where conscience was left to close gaps of the law. Yet as an excursion into the popularization of duelling shows, the moral autonomy that men of honour claimed for themselves in defence of their interpretation of Right also insulated them to a certain extent from the control of the state. The adoption of duelling by common soldiers overlapped with an incipient democratization of military honour in the eighteenth century, which both unified and challenged the stratified organization of armed forces. The Age of Revolutions (1770s–1830s) and the subsequent codification of humanitarian international law to contain total war added urgency to the quest to define which prisoners of war could give parole.
Introduction: The Problem of Normativity
Authors: Copp David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter explains the problem of normativity and argues that naturalism deserves a sympathetic hearing. Ethical naturalism is meant to explain two things. First, how is the existence of substantive, basic ethical facts compatible with a scientifically constrained view of what exists? The fact that would make an ethical belief be true would be normative, and it is not clear how a fact could be normative. Second, then, ethical naturalism is meant to (or needs to) explain what the normativity of an ethical fact could consist in. Explaining this is the problem of normativity. Many philosophers think ethical naturalism is completely implausible, but, as the book argues, it alone has the resources to provide a substantive, non-trivial, and realist account of the nature of normativity. This is enough to motivate ethical naturalism.
Rituals of Morality
Authors: Hamo Michal , Kampf Zohar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses a specific ritual that encapsulates journalists’ role in reaffirming social norms and values and setting up models for “proper” moral behavior—interview questions regarding regret and sorrow. Keyword searches in a database of Israeli electronic news media from 2008 to 2018 for strings including the Hebrew speech act markers regret (mitkharet) and sorry (mictaer) yielded 627 instances of moral questioning. Three prototypes of the use of such questions were identified: as the ritual shaming of criminal offenders during the coverage of court proceedings, as a challenge in accountability interviews with politicians and public figures, and as eliciting emotion and evaluation in personal interviews narrating the interviewee’s life events. The chapter concludes by discussing the journalistic positionings and the ethical and moral assumptions embedded in these prototypes.
SamBop, Brazuca, and Transnational Polymusicalities
Authors: Gidal Marc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2, “SamBop, Brazuca, and Transnational Polymusicalities,” uses the framework of transnational polymusicalities—combining transnationalism with the ethnomusicology theory of bimusicality—to interpret the professional musicians who played Brazilian jazz in New York City between 2000 and 2020. The musicians developed affinities and identifications with Brazil and the United States through their prolonged study and practice of music, gaining intercultural competencies with language, customs, history, and interpersonal relations. A discourse among musicians about musical accents, akin to spoken accents, concerns their shortcomings in a second music tradition and relates to assimilation. Despite these competencies, there are potential critiques of inauthenticity and appropriation. Theories of diaspora, Afro-Atlantic, cosmopolitanism, and postnationalism provide alternative and overlapping insights. Example musicians are profiled.
Medieval Jewish Teachings on Exile
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines medieval Jewish teachings that justify exile. By the early Middle Ages, Jews found their way to diasporas across the world. In the eighth century, the center of world Jewry was Baghdad. Then, with the decline of Baghdad, vibrant new Jewish communities emerged, particularly in Muslim Spain. One of the most famous of Spanish Jews was poet and philosopher, Judah Halevi, who wrote odes to the Holy Land. But even Halevi understood that the life of Torah in exile was superior to life without Torah, and he articulated this view plainly. During the same period, smaller Jewish communities developed in northern France and the Rhineland, where they often lived in peace with their Christian neighbors. These Jews, too, justified their diaspora existence, suggesting, for example, that God’s purpose in scattering Jews was to spread recognition of the one universal God and win converts.
Hasidism and the Eastern European Diaspora
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter reviews outstanding defenses of diaspora offered by the great Hasidic masters, reflecting their experience in the new, early modern “homeland” of eastern Europe. There, Jews multiplied and thrived, exercising unparalleled community autonomy. Eastern Europe was home to great yeshivas, where the “portable homeland” constituted by the Talmud offered a ready-made, portable center for living a rich, creative Jewish life. At the same time, in the eighteenth century, a new “populist” movement—Hasidism—emerged in reaction to the extreme intellectualism of the yeshiva. The teachings of the Hasidic masters often gave voice to the experience of feeling “at home.” For example, one Rebbe taught that one who prays with fervor as good as lives in the Land of Israel, while another claimed that one whose breath bears the words of Torah as though breaths the air of the Holy Land. For them, the diaspora itself could be sacred.
Exiles and Their Diasporas
Authors: Kraemer David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter asks what is to be learned from the Jewish diaspora experience and Jewish justifications thereof. From the very beginning, Jews have recognized that to be human means potentially to be a refugee. “Leave your homeland, your birthplace, your father’s house” was not just God’s commandment to Abraham; it was a condition for surviving as a human across history. This is a lesson that Jews have learned well, one they can offer others. Need refugees remain separate from their neighbors to preserve their identities? The lesson of Jewish history says “no.” Jews have mostly not separated themselves in their diasporas. Instead, they have adopted the cultures of their neighbors, modifying them slightly or not at all, enriching Jewish life greatly. At the same time, Jewish refugee experience suggests, refugees need not be the same as their neighbors; they may live their identities with conviction, even while making new homes.
An Essay upon the Relation of Cause and Effect,
Authors: Garrett Don 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Following a preface explaining Shepherd’s reasons for writing, the introductory chapter of ERCE aims to set out Hume’s position concerning “the necessary connexion of cause and effect” largely in his own words. It begins with his views as presented in his A Treatise of Human Nature and then cites An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding to show that he holds the same doctrines in that work. Hume’s “material proposition” is that “Nature may be conceived to alter her course, without a contradiction.” The chapter seeks to show that both works depend on the thesis, stated only in the Treatise, that “it is neither intuitively nor demonstrably certain [that] whatever begins to exist must have a cause of existence.” It is important to refute this thesis, she concludes, because it leads to the dangerous atheistic consequence that there is no “necessity of a great first Cause, and ‘productive principle’ of all things.”
Chapter the Sixth.
Authors: Garrett Don 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The sixth chapter of ERCE begins by distinguishing and criticizing six different and mutually incompatible definitions of ‘life’ that Shepherd identifies in William Lawrence’s Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of Man. It then provides Shepherd’s own positive view of life, as a quality originating ultimately from God and mixing with matter to produce a living thing. In this respect, it is analogous to a spark that must be added to combustible materials in order to produce an ongoing fire. Next, it offers eight propositions in summary of the account of causation provided in previous chapters of An Essay upon the Relation of Cause and Effect, and it further diagnoses Lawrence’s alleged errors about that relation. It concludes by describing the most fundamental principles of ERCE as the “true foundations of scientific research, practical knowledge, and belief in a creating and presiding Deity.”
Memories for Public Events in the Internet Age
Authors: Murphy Gillian , Egan Rebecca , Greene Ciara M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While the effect of misinformation on memory has been studied for many decades, the rise of the Internet has resulted in misleading news stories regularly being created and shared online. Research has demonstrated that exposure to this kind of “fake news” can significantly distort memory for public events. Individuals may be more likely to be exposed to stories that align with their ideology as a result of so-called filter bubbles that can form on social media. Likewise, individuals may be more susceptible to false memories for stories that align with their ideology. Thus, social media algorithms may combine with memory mechanisms to polarize our memories of public events. Assessing the “offline” consequences of this online misinformation remains a key methodological challenge in this area. While the Internet has enabled researchers to study misinformation effects on memory in new and innovative ways, connecting these effects to offline behaviors is a critical next step.
Understanding Holocaust Memory on Instagram and TikTok
Authors: Tirosh Noam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Instagram account @Eva.stories went online on May 1, 2019, on Israel’s official Holocaust Remembrance Day. It attracted millions of people to watch a digital adaptation of Éva Heyman’s diary, which was written by a Hungarian Jewish girl who perished in Auschwitz. One year later, a “Holocaust challenge” launched on TikTok, as users posted videos of themselves pretending to be Holocaust victims. Both Eva Stories and TikTok’s #HolocaustPOVchallenge were much debated and criticized by educators, Holocaust memory institutions, and the general public. However, these projects are emblematic of the new ways in which the Holocaust is commemorated and are shaping contemporary Holocaust memory. As such, analyzing Holocaust memory in social media (e.g., such as Instagram and TikTok) can help us better understand the Holocaust memory culture of the current era. This chapter contextualizes current Holocaust memory trends using Andrew Hoskins’s (2017) “memory of the multitude” approach. The chapter demonstrates how new mediated practices of Holocaust remembrance alter the way people engage with and remember Holocaust-related narratives.
The Principles of Entrepreneurial Progress
Authors: 9780197669846  , Fisher Greg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Entrepreneurship is messy, uncertain, and complex; knowing what to do to make progress in developing a new venture can be tough and overwhelming. But it need not be. This book draws on years of entrepreneurship research and practice-based insights to distill entrepreneurship down to 12 concrete, actionable, easy-to-understand principles that can be implemented to facilitate entrepreneurial progress. These principles fall into four broad categories: (1) value principles that empower an entrepreneur to create something of value, not just valuable to them but valuable to a broad base of users; (2) action principles that account for how a founder should act to make progress in their entrepreneurial journey; (3) resource principles that pertain to resourcing a new venture and overcoming the resource constraints endemic in entrepreneurship; and (4) big picture principles related to the holistic and integrated aspects of the entrepreneurial journey. For each of the 12 entrepreneurial principles introduced in the book, the author shares multiple intriguing stories that illustrate the principle, distills research that validates the principle in easy-to-understand terms, and describes how the principle can be implemented in practice, including the presentation of a visual tool to concretize the principle and facilitate its implementation. This book provides entrepreneurs with a practical, evidence-based perspective for making meaningful progress on their entrepreneurial journey.
The Problem Principle
Authors: Fisher Greg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Entrepreneurial progress entails identifying a meaningful problem to solve. This involves really understanding the issues and challenges confronting the target customer and then attempting to create a solution to address those issues or challenges. To do this, it is valuable to create a clear conception of what problem one is addressing as an entrepreneur, who has that problem, when do they have the problem, where are they when they experience the problem, and why does the problem exist for the target customers. Furthermore, it can be valuable to assess how targets are currently solving or working around the focal problem that your venture addresses. Properly identifying and understanding the problem to be addressed provides an entrepreneur with a clear target and purpose in their venture and product development efforts.
Exploring the Character
Authors: Fullard Annie , Cotter-Lockard Dorianne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Musical meaning and character lie at the heart of the rehearsal process. The character of the music established by the composer’s intent, is the essence of what performers wish to communicate as an ensemble. This chapter highlights approaches to interpreting moods, emotions, and meaning, finding a tonal color palette, engaging the imagination, storytelling, and drawing on inspiration from around the world. The authors recommend adopting multidimensional perspectives, such as researching historical references, the use of descriptive words, and finding inspiration through visual art to deepen interpretation. As ensembles explore musical meaning and character presented in this chapter, the joy of discovery and the process of sharing ideas inspires teamwork.
Techniques for Cueing and Breathing Together
Authors: Fullard Annie , Cotter-Lockard Dorianne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concepts in this chapter correlate physical movement with musical character. Cueing develops the ability to communicate through physical motion, improving rhythmic precision and group awareness. Cueing and breathing together are fundamental skills for playing chamber music and are a shared responsibility of ensemble members. The authors introduce the concepts of initiating, inspiring, and responding to replace the traditional concepts of leading and following. The authors reinforce the importance of musical gestures as essential to coordination and expression. This chapter includes guidance on sharing cueing responsibilities and techniques for pantomime cueing, conducting and breathing together, cueing with instruments, and the use of silence as musical gesture. Specific information on cueing for woodwind and brass players is offered by current and former members of Imani Winds.
Making (Faking?) Early Music
Authors: Montagu Jeremy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Jeremy Montagu’s final essay, written just months before his death, describes the false advertising and inadequacies of early music-making that he observed throughout his long career in the field. He discusses not only historical instruments but also ornamentation, performance practice issues, and how the early music world is treating its audience. What we know, what we don’t know, what we do, and what we should be doing are all brought into focus through Montagu’s extensive knowledge of the field as a performer, instrument builder, researcher, and museum curator. Sharp and humorous in turn, Montagu makes us all consider how much we are still ‘faking’ early music today.
Racial Justice and the Problem of Consciousness
Authors: Paris William M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter asks, “What explains the ongoing reproduction of racial injustice?” I offer two competing explanations. First, there are explanations that center ignorance or lack of awareness among the general public. Second, there are explanations oriented around the analysis of how society enables and constrains certain social practices. I defend the second account as more plausible and assess how racially unjust societies constrain our expectations for the future even as we have knowledge of their injustice. It is when these societies are no longer able to anchor these expectations (such as during the COVID-19 pandemic) that a crisis consciousness may emerge that readies agents for demanding a new form of life. I argue that utopian consciousness in times of crisis alters our expectations for the future and thus enables new practices. The problem is that these two forms of consciousness rarely appear at the same time to enable social transformation.
“Racial Democracy” as a Fallacy
Authors: Marcondes Guilherme 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter addresses the challenges of conducting research in the field of fine arts as a Black academic in Brazil. As is the case elsewhere, the boundaries of race in Brazilian academia have been evolving, yet Brazilian academics continue to face a series of obstacles that are specific to their country’s colonial history. The chapter presents some of these challenges with a particular focus on systemic and institutional anti-Black racism. In doing so, the chapter seeks to deconstruct two myths: The first is that Brazil is a racial paradise, where racial mixing occurred in a way that prevented the existence of racism. The second myth is that the field of art is a sphere of freedom and progressivism, and consequently, devoid of prejudice.
The Final Years
Authors: Darden Robert F. , Newby Stephen M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Andraé would not record another gospel album until Mercy in 1994, ten years after No Time to Lose. He kept busy working with Quincy Jones on albums like The Color Purple and The Lion King, with Michael Jackson and with Madonna on the controversial “Like a Prayer.” But the deaths in short succession of his mother Catherine, father Benjamin Sr., and brother Benjamin Jr. left Andraé devastated. He eventually assumed the pastorate of his family’s longtime church, Christ Memorial Church of God in Christ. The album Pray in 1998, like Mercy, barely registered in the gospel music world, as musical tastes and interests had changed. Over the next fifteen years, Crouch battled cancer, diabetes, and serious infections and eventually was forced to quit touring. With the help of friends, he was able to produce Mighty Wind (2006) and The Journey (2010). While neither album sold well, the song “Let the Church Say Amen” with Marvin Winans from The Journey was his final hit song. Crouch released one last project, Live in Los Angeles in 2013, before succumbing on January 8, 2015. President Barack Obama was one of the many who paid tribute to Crouch after his passing, and a two-day “homecoming” service featured the cream of the gospel and popular music worlds.