bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide Improves the Survival Rate of Sepsis by Improving the Oxidative Stress Response during Lung Injury
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Gao Jiaqi , Ye Xin , Wang Cong , Zhao Bin 
Published: February 2022

Objective. To explore the regulation of endogenous sulfur dioxide on oxidative stress in lung injury induced by sepsis. Method. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, sepsis, sepsis + SO2, and SO2 group randomly used to observe survival rate. The other group of twenty-eight rats were randomly divided as the same manner for mechanism research. The number of WBCS and the percentage of PMN cells were calculated. The microphotographs of morphological changes and the index of quantitative assessment (IQA) of lung tissues were calculated. The ratio of wet/dry (W/D) of lung tissues was calculated. Levels of H2O2, MDA, NO, MPO, SOD, GSH-px, and TNF-α in plasma and lung tissues were measured. Result. The number of WBCS and the percentage of PMN cells decreased in sepsis (

p

all < 0.05), and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (

p

all < 0.05). The IQA and W/D of lung tissues increased in sepsis (

p

for

W
/
D
<
0.05

), and decreased in sepsis+SO2 (

p

all < 0.05). H2O2 and MDA of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (

p

all < 0.05) and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (

p

for H2O2 of plasma and lung tissues <0.05). NO and MPO of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (

p

for NO and MPO of lung tissues <0.05) and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (

p

all
<
0.05

). SOD of plasma and lung tissues in sepsis group decreased (

p

all <0.05) and increased in sepsis+SO2 (

p

all < 0.05). GSH-px of plasma and lung tissues decreased in sepsis (

p

for plasma <0.05) and increased in sepsis+SO2 (

p

for GSH-px of lung tissues <0.05). TNF-α of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (

p

all<0.05) and decreased in sepsis+SO2 (

p

for lung tissue <0.05). Conclusion. Endogenous sulfur dioxide improves the survival rate of sepsis by improving the oxidative stress response during lung injury.
The Impact of the Instigator Rule on Fighting in the National Hockey League
Authors: Morrissette Cole , Anderson Forrest L. , Fortney Thomas A. , Tedesco Liana , Boddapati Venkat , Swindell Hasani , Trofa David , Popkin Charles A. 
Published: February 2022

Background. Fighting is often considered an essential part of professional hockey. Increased ticket sales, a means to self-regulate other dangerous gameplay, and helping teams win are a few of the reasons that fighting advocates provide for retaining fighting in the NHL. However, fighting trends have changed over the past 50 years. Given the recent data on concussions and player safety, an in-depth analysis of fighting is required to understand if fighting has a place in the future of the NHL. Methods. Seasonal statistical team data on NHL teams from the 1967 to 2019 seasons were collected and analyzed using publicly available databases. Specific outcome variables of interest related to fighting, penalties, the final team record for a given season, and final standing were recorded. The data were divided into subgroups according to “era of play” and before/after the implementation of the instigator rule. The trends in fighting, seasonal outcomes, and other minor penalties were assessed to determine the trends in fighting over the past 50 years, the relationship between fighting and winning, and the impact of the instigator rule. Results. Fights per game decreased significantly after the implementation of the instigator rule (0.71 to 0.51 fights per game,

p

< 0.0001). There was no significant difference in fights per game when comparing Stanley Cup champions to nonplayoff teams in either the modern era (0.36 vs. 0.42,

p

= 0.43) or the expansion era (0.45 vs. 0.51,

p

= 0.49). Only two Stanley Cup champions (the Flyers 1974–1975 and the Ducks 2006–2007) led the league in fighting. A multivariate regression analysis comparing fights per game and points earned per season divided by the number of games played revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship (coefficient = −0.16,

p

< 0.001). Conclusion. Our analysis demonstrates that the Instigator rule achieved its intended effect to decrease the number of fights per game. In the current era of professional hockey, there is no compelling evidence that a team with more fights per game will achieve greater seasonal success. These results continue to cast doubt on the belief that fighting is a necessary strategy for winning games at the NHL level.
Efficacy of Dexamethasone versus Dexmedetomidine Combined with Local Anaesthetics in Brachial Plexus Block: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Pinghu , Wei Duangao 
Published: March 2022

Background. Both dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine are commonly used local anaesthetic adjuvants in brachial plexus block to enhance the blocking effect. However, it is unclear which of the two drugs is more effective in a brachial plexus block. This article compares the effects of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine combined with local anaesthetics in brachial plexus block through meta-analysis, availing information for current practice and future research. Methods. We conducted a search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify studies investigating the effects of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine combined with local anaesthetics on brachial plexus block. The databases were searched from their inception to October 2021. Clinical randomized controlled trials were included. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening. The Cochrane System Review Manual was adopted for literature quality evaluation, whereas Stata 14.0 software aided in the meta-analysis. The duration of analgesia was the primary outcome indicator; whereas, the secondary outcome indicators included the duration of sensory block and motor block. Results. Seven articles were analysed, including 465 patients. Compared to the dexmedetomidine group, the dexamethasone group exhibited longer durations of analgesia (WMD = 111.29, 95% CI: 16.49–206.10,

P

= 0.021), sensory block (WMD = 173.20, 95% CI: 86.69–259.71,

P

< 0.0001), and motor block (WMD = 121.03, 95% CI: 12.87–229.20,

P

= 0.028). Conclusion. The present meta-analysis results affirm that dexamethasone is a better local anaesthetic adjuvant in brachial plexus block that enhances the blocking effect. Nevertheless, the existing heterogeneity warrants additional large-scale, multicentre, high-quality randomized controlled trials in the future for further verification and to provide more reliable clinical evidence.
Relations of Metabolic Health and Obesity to Brain Aging in Young to Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: Angoff Rebecca , Himali Jayandra J. , Maillard Pauline , Aparicio Hugo J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha , Beiser Alexa S. , Tsao Connie W. 
Published: March 2022

Background
We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic health and obesity and brain health measured via magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive testing in community dwelling adults.

Methods and Results

Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort members (n=2170, 46±9 years of age, 54% women) without prevalent diabetes, stroke, dementia, or other neurologic conditions were grouped by metabolic unhealthiness (≥2 criteria for metabolic syndrome) and obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m
2
): metabolically healthy (MH) nonobese, MH obese, metabolically unhealthy (MU) nonobese, and MU obese. We evaluated the relationships of these groups with brain structure (magnetic resonance imaging) and function (neurocognitive tests). In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, metabolically unhealthy individuals (MU nonobese and MU obese) had lower total cerebral brain volume compared with the MH nonobese referent group (both
P
<0.05). Additionally, the MU obese group had greater white matter hyperintensity volume (
P
=0.004), whereas no association was noted between white matter hyperintensity volume and either groups of metabolic health or obesity alone. Obese individuals had less favorable cognitive scores: MH obese had lower scores on global cognition, Logical Memory‐Delayed Recall and Similarities tests, and MU obese had lower scores on Similarities and Visual Reproductions‐Delayed tests (all
P
≤0.04). MU and obese groups had higher free water content and lower fractional anisotropy in several brain regions, consistent with loss of white matter integrity.

Conclusions
In this cross‐sectional cohort study of younger to middle‐aged adults, poor metabolic health and obesity were associated with structural and functional evidence of brain aging. Improvement in metabolic health and obesity may present opportunities to improve long‐term brain health.
Poetry, Magic, and the Formation of Wahhabism
Authors: Samin Nadav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Sunni revivalist Muḥammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 1792) has been subjected to rigorous scrutiny by a number of scholars. Much remains unknown about Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb’s life and work, however, not least the rationale behind his idiosyncratic style of authorship. Examining the scholar’s theological writings from the vantage point of Arabia’s oral vernacular and popular religious traditions casts new light on the particularities of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb’s appeal. That appeal, this paper argues, is rooted in phenomena that were seemingly peripheral or even anathema to his puritanical religious mission, namely, poetry and magic.
The Madness of the Majẕūbs: Three Sufi Hagiographies in Sixteenth-Century Mughal India
Authors: Advani Anurag 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article explores the phenomenon of madness in sixteenth-century north India among Sufi saints called majẕūbs. By focusing on three Indo-Persian Sufi hagiographies (taẕkirāt)—ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Dihlawī’s Akhbār al-Akhyār (1591), ʿAbd al-S̱amad Akbarābādī’s Akhbār al-Aṣfiyā (1608), and Ghaus̱ī Shaṭṭārī Mānḍwī’s Gulẕār-i Abrār (1613)—I argue that madness was central to how majẕūbs in the early Mughal period performed their spiritual ecstasy, wisdom, and miraculous behaviors. Majẕūbs also defied Sufi norms through their bodily comportment, and leveraged their insanity to subvert the authority of Mughal and other regional rulers. Therefore, majẕūbs challenge our normative understanding of ṭarīqa-based Sufism in early modern South Asia.
Crafting a Categorical Ayutthaya: Ethnic Labeling, Administrative Reforms, and Social Organization in an Early Modern Entrepôt
Authors: Reeder Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, royal officials in Ayutthaya—the name for both the kingdom of Siam and its principal city—increasingly deployed ethnic labels for a new political purpose: to organize and distinguish administrative categories of foreign merchants, migrants, captives, and sojourners. The ethno-administrative categories that emerged were neither disinterested nor “natural.” Rather, they were shaped and reshaped by countless acts of ethnic identification made by rulers and ruled, alike. Ayutthaya’s merchant-officials, mostly of overseas origins themselves, likely adapted this approach to social organization from other port cities in maritime Asia. Cambodia’s officials, probably viewing Siam as a model, followed suit soon after. As ethnic labels became shorthand references to administrative categories, each with its own set of privileges and responsibilities, ethnicity became politically significant as never before.
When the Other Speaks: Ismāʿīl Gasprinskii and the Concept of Islamic Reformation
Authors: Sibgatullina Gulnaz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Through analysis of the Russian-language writings of the prominent Crimean Tatar Muslim educator Ismāʿīl Gasprinskii, this article engages in unpacking the term ‘Islamic Reformation’. Gasprinskii’s membership of various, not necessarily overlapping social groups, including Russian conservative circles and international Muslim liberal networks, gave rise to the multitude of complex, often mutually exclusive meanings that the term enjoyed in his work. Despite clear references that Gasprinskii made to European and global Islamic discourses on civilisation and progress, his texts remained highly sensitive to Russia’s own insecure stance vis-à-vis Europe. Responding to the nation-building rhetoric of Russia’s elites, Gasprinskii conformed to and simultaneously challenged dominant cultural codes concerning Russia’s ethnic and religious minorities in many subtle ways. His case thus invites a reconsideration of the modes of conversation that existed between the coloniser and the colonised at the turn of the twentieth century, whereby we see them not as instances of uncontested domination by and imposition of European models, but as a complex and multidirectional process in which Muslim figures, like Gasprinskii, could exercise a significant degree of agency.
Oriental Dressings, Imperial Inhalations: The Indian Hookah in British Colonial Culture
Authors: Chatterjee Arup K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over the course of its Anglo-Indian career, the hookah began as an archetype of colonial hybridity in eighteenth-century Bengal, before entering nineteenth-century London and its consumer sensorium as a seductive Oriental artefact, through travelogues, hookah clubs, Indian-styled diwans and a massive cataloguing of Eastern artefacts culminating in the Crystal Palace Exhibition (1851) and the Colonial and Indian Exhibition (1886). Hookahs appeared simultaneously as smoking instruments, decorative artefacts and visual signs of surplus colonial enjoyment in memoirs, travelogues and paintings from the long nineteenth century. The hookah’s decline in nineteenth-century colonial culture was camouflaged by general alarm over its degenerative effects on moral and sexual codes, well after its imperiality ran its course. In its long colonial career, the hookah symbolized colonial hybridity and surplus imperial enjoyment that surpassed its materiality. Whether in Britain or India, colonial hybridity, as symbolized by the hookah, was virtualized in nonlocal and anachronistic Anglo-Indian spaces, thus marking a remarkable digression from histories of coercive militarist, economic and political control that are so closely intertwined with the East India Company and Empire.
Nordic Norms, Natural Disasters, and International Protection
Authors: Scott Matthew , Garner Russell 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In international law, new norms can emerge through the identification and development of effective practices. This article examines Swedish, Finnish and, less closely, other Nordic countries’ contributions to the slow process of norm emergence in relation to cross-border displacement in the context of disasters and climate change. It focuses on Sweden and Finland’s early adoption, and subsequent judicial application, of a legal provision establishing a right to international protection for persons unable to return home in the context of an ‘environmental disaster’. As calls are growing for European countries to take more concerted action to address this phenomenon, we examine why this pioneering approach never became an ‘effective practice’, and how this experience can nonetheless inform the emergence of new norms at the European level. Drawing on norm development theory, we argue that progressive interpretation and application of existing international protection standards, combined with the initiation of a European consultative process dedicated to identification and development of effective practices that are attuned to regional displacement dynamics, is more likely to contribute to norm emergence than the creation of new categories of international protection as attempted in Sweden and Finland.
Chasing Snowstorms: The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) Campaign
Authors: McMurdie Lynn A. , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Yorks John E. , Braun Scott A. , Skofronick-Jackson Gail , Rauber Robert M. , Yuter Sandra , Colle Brian , McFarquhar Greg M. , Poellot Michael , Novak David R. , Lang Timothy J. , Kroodsma Rachael , McLinden Matthew , Oue Mariko , Kollias Pavlos , Kumjian Matthew R. , Greybush Steven J. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Finlon Joseph A. , McDonald Victoria L. , Nicholls Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) is a NASA-sponsored field campaign to study wintertime snowstorms focusing on East Coast cyclones. This large cooperative effort takes place during the winters of 2020–23 to study precipitation variability in winter cyclones to improve remote sensing and numerical forecasts of snowfall. Snowfall within these storms is frequently organized in banded structures on multiple scales. The causes for the occurrence and evolution of a wide spectrum of snowbands remain poorly understood. The goals of IMPACTS are to characterize the spatial and temporal scales and structures of snowbands, understand their dynamical, thermodynamical, and microphysical processes, and apply this understanding to improve remote sensing and modeling of snowfall. The first deployment took place in January–February 2020 with two aircraft that flew coordinated flight patterns and sampled a range of storms from the Midwest to the East Coast. The satellite-simulating ER-2 aircraft flew above the clouds and carried a suite of remote sensing instruments including cloud and precipitation radars, lidar, and passive microwave radiometers. The in situ P-3 aircraft flew within the clouds and sampled environmental and microphysical quantities. Ground-based radar measurements from the National Weather Service network and a suite of radars located on Long Island, New York, along with supplemental soundings and the New York State Mesonet ground network provided environmental context for the airborne observations. Future deployments will occur during the 2022 and 2023 winters. The coordination between remote sensing and in situ platforms makes this a unique publicly available dataset applicable to a wide variety of interests.
Not All Fluid Collections Are Created Equal: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Acute Peripancreatic Fluid Collections Requiring Intervention
Authors: Kim Kevin T. , Clark Jaclyn , Ghneim Mira , Feliciano David V. , Diaz Jose J. , Harfouche Melike 
Published: February 2022

Background Knowledge on pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) management has mostly involved large database analysis, which limits understanding of a complex and heterogeneous disease. We aimed to review the clinical course and outcomes of PP and acute peripancreatic fluid collections (APFC) that require intervention at 1 high-volume center. Methods Retrospective review of patients with APFC and PP undergoing drainage (2011-2018) was performed. Patients were divided into groups based on initial intervention: surgical (SR), percutaneous (PC), or endoscopic (EN) drainage. Primary outcome was mortality by initial intervention type. Secondary outcomes included subsequent interventions required, length of stay (LOS), readmission rates, and discharge disposition. Results Of 88 patients, 40 (46.1%) underwent SR, 40 (44.9%) PC, and 8 (9.0%) EN. No patients in EN group had APACHE II scores>20. Pancreatic necrosis was higher in SR (80.5%) and PC (62.5%) groups ( P = .006). There were no differences in mortality, LOS, or readmission rates. Ten patients in the PC group underwent subsequent surgical intervention, of which 9 were due to bowel ischemia. The PC group was 3.4 times more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation over home when compared to the other 2 groups ( P = .04). Conclusion Patients undergoing surgical or percutaneous drainage of APFC and PP have a greater burden of illness and more local complications requiring intervention compared to endoscopic drainage. The heterogeneity in presentation of peripancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis must be considered when evaluating the benefits of each intervention.
Comparison Between Different Approaches Applied in Pediatric Adenoidectomy: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Ya-Lei , Yuan Bin , Kong Fei 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure most frequently performed by otolaryngologists. However, there are no universally accepted guidelines for the choice of the surgical approach in specific circumstances. Therefore, a network meta-analysis (NMA) is needed to summarize existing studies and provide more evidence-based medical guidelines. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE databases from inception to 31 July 2021. A network meta-analysis of operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue was performed. Results: A total of 20 studies with 2329 patients were included. Four common surgical approaches, including powered vacuum shaver adenoidectomy (PVSA), plasma field ablation adenoidectomy (PFAA), curettage adenoidectomy (CUA), and suction diathermy adenoidectomy (SDA), were compared for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. There were no significant differences between the surgical techniques for the 3 endpoints, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. The data showed lower postoperative pain scores for PFAA than for CUA (MD = −3.45, 95% CI [−6.01, −0.95]). There were no significant differences in other surgical approaches for postoperative pain scores. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between PVSA, PFAA, CUA, and SDA for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. PFAA had advantages over CUA for postoperative pain scores.
Effective strategies for testicular torsion education in adolescents: A qualitative study in educational environments
Authors: MacDonald Caroline M , McCauley Nadine , O’Toole Stuart , Green James 
Published: March 2022

Objective: In the context of testicular torsion, research demonstrates a delay from the onset of testicular pain to attending hospital in adolescents, leading to high rates of testicular loss. This is due to a lack of knowledge about this condition. In this study, we aimed to investigate the methods adolescents and their parents felt would be effective in testicular torsion education. Design: Qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group workshops were used to generate ideas and opinions regarding the ‘ideal’ education package for testicular torsion. Setting: One-to-one interviews with young men and a chosen chaperone recruited through purposive sampling from after-school clubs. Focus groups recruited from an active hospital youth forum. Method: Qualitative data analysis was undertaken to explore collective and normative views and to validate findings using a combination of thematic framework, and descriptive and content analysis. Results: In all, 16 young men aged 11–19 years with an attending chaperone were interviewed. Forty-four young people of both sexes participated in focus groups. Participants in all groups supported school-based teaching about testicular torsion, with focus group members mentioning Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education (PSHE) as the preferred setting. Members of all groups also advocated the use of video, but tone was a matter of debate. Reservations were expressed regarding the use of social and online media as primary means of dissemination but saw these as useful adjuncts to formal school lessons. Focus group members were supportive of teaching in a mixed sex environment and for repeat lessons at 11 and 13 years of age. Conclusion: Study findings support the development and use of PSHE teaching, using video methodology, to promote knowledge about testicular torsion in boys and young men. An evidence-based intervention to improve outcomes in testicular torsion for this cohort can now be developed.