bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between two solute equations and bioimpedance for estimation of body fluid volumes
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Giménez-Milà Marc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The extracellular volume (ECV) and intracellular volume (ICV) estimated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) deviates markedly from the textbook volumes of 20% and 40% of the body weight (BW). We estimated the transcellular exchange of water by calculating solute equilibriums after fluid challenges to examine whether the BIA or the textbook volumes are likely to be most correct.

Methods
Data was retrieved from 8 healthy male volunteers who received 25 mL/kg of Ringer’s solution or 3–5 mL/kg of hypertonic (7.5%) saline over 30 min after the ECV and ICV had been estimated by BIA. The exchange of water between the ECV and the ICV was calculated according to a sodium equation and an osmolality equation. Simulations were performed, where deviating body fluid volumes were applied.

Results
The mean ECV measured with BIA was 24.9% of BW (p < 0.05 versus the “textbook” volume). Mean ICV measured with BIA was 22.3% of BW (p < 0.05). The sodium and osmolality equations correlated closely with respect to the translocation of water across the cell membrane (r2 = 0.86). By applying the “textbook” ECV, the sodium equation indicated that Ringer’s solution exchanged negligible amounts of water, while hypertonic saline withdrew 1.4 L from the ICV to the ECV. By contrast, applying the BIA-derived ECV to the sodium equation implied that 3 L of water would be translocated from the ECV to the ICV once hypertonic saline was administered.

Conclusion
The “textbook” ECV and ICV volumes but not the BIA-derived volumes were consistent with the fluid shifts obtained by two solute equations.
Imaging crustal features and Moho depths through enhancements and inversion of gravity data from the Philippine island arc system
Authors: Casulla Mel Anthony A. , Mizunaga Hideki , Tanaka Toshiaki , Dimalanta Carla B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Philippine archipelago is a complex island arc system, where many regions still lack geopotential field studies. The high-resolution isostatic anomaly and free-air anomaly digital grids from the World Gravity Map (WGM) were processed and analyzed to present a general discussion of the Philippines’ gravity signatures and contribute to understanding its regional geology and tectonics. The isostatic anomaly map was continued upward to investigate the high-density ophiolitic basement rocks and low-gravity sedimentary basins at depth. The first vertical derivative (1VD) filter was applied to the free-air anomaly grid map to locate regional structures represented by density contrast boundaries. The depth to the top of the Moho and basement rock over the Sulu Sea was computed using the two-dimensional (2-D) radially averaged power spectrum analysis. Three-dimensional (3-D) gravity inversion was applied to some major sedimentary basins in the Philippines to present 3-D subsurface density contrast models. The interpreted gravity maps highlighted prominent geologic features (e.g., trench manifestation, ophiolite distribution, basin thickness). The negative isostatic anomalies (< 0 mGal) represent the thick sedimentary basins, while the moderate signatures (0 to 80 mGal) correspond to the metamorphic belts. The distinct very high-gravity anomalies (> 80 mGal) typify the ophiolitic basement rocks. The gravity data’s upward continuation revealed contrasting deep gravity signatures; the central Philippines with continental affinity (with 20–35 mGal) was distinguished from the regions with oceanic affinity (with 45–200 mGal). The 1VD map over the Sulu Sea showed anomalies associated with shallow features dominantly related to the Cagayan Ridge. The 2-D radially averaged power spectrum analysis exposed gravity anomalies with tectonic significance (e.g., basement characterization, Moho depth estimation). The estimated average Moho depth in the Sulu Sea is from 12 to 22 km, while the average basement depth is within the range of 5 to 11 km. Lastly, the 3-D subsurface density contrast models characterized the very low-density zones representing the deep (> 7 km) sedimentary basins in the northern Cagayan Valley and southern Central Luzon basins. Furthermore, thin (~ 3.5 km) sedimentary formations are inferred for the low-density areas in northern Agusan-Davao and eastern Cotabato basins.
Biomechanical and Musculoskeletal Measurements as Risk Factors for Running-Related Injury in Non-elite Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Peterson Benjamin , Hawke Fiona , Spink Martin , Sadler Sean , Hawes Morgan , Callister Robin , Chuter Vivienne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Running-related injury (RRI) is highly prevalent among recreational runners and is a key barrier to participation. Atypical lower limb alignment and mechanical function have been proposed to play a role in development of lower extremity injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between incidence of running-related injury (RRI) in non-elite runners with biomechanical and musculoskeletal variables.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Published research indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, AMED, and The Cochrane library until 13th January 2021, grey literature, and reference lists of included studies were screened to identify prospective studies of non-elite adult runners that measured a relationship between biomechanical or musculoskeletal measures and incidence of RRI.

Results
Thirty studies (3404 runners), testing over 100 discrete biomechanical and musculoskeletal risk factors for RRI, were included. Nineteen studies were pooled in twenty-five separate meta-analyses. Meta-analysis of four studies detected significantly less knee extension strength among runners who developed a RRI (SMD − 0.19, 95% CI − 0.36 to − 0.02, p = 0.03), though this may not be clinically important. A meta-analysis of two studies detected significantly lower hip adduction velocity among runners who developed a RRI (MD − 12.80, 95% CI − 25.22 to − 0.38, p = 0.04). Remaining meta-analyses found no significant relationship between biomechanical or musculoskeletal variables and RRI.

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis found the currently available literature does not generally support biomechanical or musculoskeletal measures as risk factors for RRI in non-elite runners. While meta-analysis findings for knee extension strength and hip adduction velocity as risk factors for RRI were statistically significant, the associated trivial to small effects sizes suggest these findings should be treated with caution. Until further evidence emerges, recommendations for injury prevention in non-elite runners cannot be made based on biomechanical and musculoskeletal measurements alone.
Phytochemical characterization and evaluation of Antiurolithiatic activity of selected source plants of Pashanabheda
Authors: C. T Sulaiman , C. K Jyothi , G Jinu Krishnan Unnithan , K. M Prabhukumar , Balachandran Indira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPashanabhedais an importantAyurvedicdrug known for diuretic and lithotriptic properties. The botanical identity of this drug is controversial as many plants likeBergenia ciliata(BC),Rotula aquatica(RA),Aerva lanata(AL) andPlectranthus amboinicus(PA) are being used as its source plants in different parts of India. This study aims at comparative phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of various source plants ofPashanabheda.MethodsComparative phytochemical analysis and evaluation of Antiurolithiatic activity was carried out in selected medicinal plants used asPashanabheda. Chemical profiling was done by HPTLC analysis and characterization of major constituents was done using liquid chromatography based tandem mass spectroscopic analysis. Antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in experimental animal model.ResultsPhytochemical studies showed that there is no significant correlation on chemical constituents of selected species. Certain common bands were observed for BC and RA on HPTLC profiling. Tandem mass spectroscopic characterization of various species showed presence of several polyphenolics in selected species. BothBergenia ciliataandA. lanatapossessed substantial antiurolithiatic activity compared to other species.A. lanataextract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, showed significant activity against ethylene glycol induced changes serum and urine biochemistry and also significantly prevented ethylene glycol induced damage to nephrons in experimental animals.ConclusionsAerva lanatacontains many active phytochemicals and showed significant antiurolithiatic activity. The findings of this study may lead to the possibility of consideringAerva lanataas a validated alternative source forPashanabheda.
Migration drivers and migration choice: interrogating responses to migration and development interventions in West Africa
Authors: Black Richard , Bellagamba Alice , Botta Ester , Ceesay Ebrima , Cissokho Dramane , Engeler Michelle , Lenoël Audrey , Oelgemöller Christina , Riccio Bruno , Sakho Papa , Somparé Abdoulaye Wotem , Vitturini Elia , Zingari Guido Nicolas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe notion of migration as being at least partly about ‘choice’ is deeply rooted in both academic thought and public policy. Recent contributions have considered migration choice as step-wise in nature, involving a separation between ‘aspiration’ and ‘ability’ to migrate, whilst stressing a range of non-economic factors that influence migration choices. But such nuances have not prevented the emergence of a significant area of public policy that seeks to influence choices to migrate from Africa through ‘irregular’ channels, or at all, through a range of development interventions. This paper explores evidence from West Africa on how young people formulate the boundaries of such choice. Drawing on approaches in anthropology and elsewhere that stress the value of a ‘future-orientated’ lens, we show how present uncertainty is a central framing that fundamentally limits the value of thinking about migration as a choice. This has important implications for policy on ‘migration and development’.
Phase field assisted analysis of a solidification based metal refinement process
Authors: Viardin A. , Böttger B. , Apel M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUltra pure metals have various applications, e. g. as electrical conductors. Crystallization from the melt, e. g. via zone melting, using the segregation of impurities at the solidification front is the basic mechanism behind different technical processes for the refining of metals and semi-metals. In this paper, we focus on a crystallization methodology with a gas cooled tube (“cooled finger”) dipped into a metallic melt in a rotating crucible. The necessary requirement for purification in a solidification process is a morphologically stable solidification front. This is the only way to enable macroscopic separation of the impurities, e. g. by convection. For cellular or dendritic solidification morphologies, the segregated impurities are trapped into the interdendritic melt and remain as microsegregations in the solidified metal. Morphological stability depends on the temperature gradient G at the solidification front, the solidification front velocity V front and thermodynamic alloy properties like the segregation coefficients of the impurity elements. To quantify the impact of these parameters on the morphological evolution, especially on the planar/cellular transition and thus on microsegregation profiles, phase field simulations coupled to a thermodynamic database are performed for an aluminium melt with three impurities, Si, Mn and Fe. In particular, we have investigated the morphology evolution from the start of solidification at the cooled finger towards a stationary growth regime, because in the technical process a significant fraction of the melt solidifies along the initial transient. To solve the transient long range temperature evolution on an experimental length scale, the temperature field has been calculated using the homoenthalpic approach together with a 1D temperature field approximation. The simulations provide the process window for an energy efficient purification process, i. e. low thermal gradients, and elucidate the benefit of melt convection.
Psychometric properties of the PROMIS Preference score (PROPr) in patients with rheumatological and psychosomatic conditions
Authors: Klapproth C. P. , Fischer F. , Merbach M. , Rose M. , Obbarius A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The PROMIS Preference score (PROPr) is a new generic preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) score that can be used as a health state utility (HSU) score for quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in cost-utility analyses (CUAs). It is the first HSU score based on item response theory (IRT) and has demonstrated favorable psychometric properties in first analyses. The PROPr combines the seven PROMIS domains: cognition, depression, fatigue, pain, physical function, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. It was developed based on preferences of the US general population. The aim of this study was to validate the PROPr in a German inpatient sample and to compare it to the EQ-5D.

Methods
We collected PROPr and EQ-5D-5L data from 141 patients undergoing inpatient treatment in the rheumatology and psychosomatic departments. We evaluated the criterion and convergent validity, and ceiling and floor effects of the PROPr and compared those characteristics to those of the EQ-5D.

Results
The mean PROPr (0.26, 95% CI: 0.23; 0.29) and the mean EQ-5D (0.44, 95% CI: 0.38; 0.51) scores differed significantly (d = 0.18, p < 0.001). Compared to the EQ-5D, the PROPr scores were less scattered across the measurement range which has resulted in smaller confidence intervals of the mean scores. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two scores was r = 0.72 (p < 0.001). Both scores showed fair agreement with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.48 (p < 0.05). The PROPr and EQ-5D demonstrated similar discrimination power across sex, age, and conditions. While the PROPr showed a floor effect, the EQ-5D showed a ceiling effect.

Conclusion
The PROPr measures HSU considerably lower than the EQ-5D as a result of different construction, anchors and measurement ranges. Because QALYs derived with the EQ-5D are widely considered state-of-the-art, application of the PROPr for QALY measurements would be problematic.
Neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus in a cohort of Egyptian patients
Authors: Ragab Salma M. , Ibrahim Amira M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is characterized by a variety of neurological manifestations involving both central and peripheral nervous system with variable mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of NPSLE and its relation to other clinical and laboratory findings in SLE patients.

Results
We retrieved the medical records of 134 SLE patients during the study period; of them, 68 patients (50.7%) had NPSLE. Headache (55. 9%) was the most frequent NPSLE manifestation followed by seizures (54.4%), psychosis was the third most frequent one with a percentage of 41.2. The demographic data didn’t differ in patients with and without NPSLE. NPSLE patients had lower complement 3 (C3) (p = 0.025) and C4 (p = 0.008) levels, more lupus anticoagulant level (p = 0.033) and more frequency of antiphospholipid syndrome (p = 0.030). There was no statistical difference regarding the drug intake or other laboratory findings. Disease activity and damage indices didn’t differ in both groups.

Conclusion
The prevalence of NPSLE in this study was 50.7%. Headache, seizures and psychosis were the most frequent neuropsychiatric manifestations in the studied patients. SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations had lower complement levels, higher lupus anticoagulant antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome.
Enabling citizens’ Right to the Smart City through the co-creation of digital platforms
Authors: Leclercq Els M. , Rijshouwer Emiel A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn response to increasingly deterministic and all-encompassing implementation of smart city technologies, scholars and activists plea for policies and initiatives to support citizens’ democratic ‘Right to the Smart City.’ Although it is common for government officials and technology companies to make an effort to support citizen participation in smart city development, the question is how this works in practice. The authors engaged in a series of three participatory action research projects with the aim to support citizens’ ‘Right to the Smart City’ through the development and use of digital platforms. We find that, although (the processes of co-creatively developing) these platforms do actively address citizens’ engagement, empowerment and emancipation in smart city development, their contribution to provide participants with the opportunity to actually and sustainably reframe, reimagine and remake the smart city in a way that benefits them and their communities, is fairly limited. We conclude that time and budget constraints, entrenched technocratic beliefs, as well as vested – traditional – and imbalanced power relationships and divergent views, concerns and objectives prohibit citizens’ ‘Right to the Smart City.’ Hence, our plea for ‘Governance Beyond Participation:’ city making processes that do not perceive citizens as participants or clients, but as valued and trustworthy collaborators in the development and the governance of public space.
Correlation between chest CT scores and clinical impact in patients re-infected with COVID-19 during the two attacks: an observational study
Authors: Fatouh Mona Mohammed , Kandil Nour Mohamed , EL Garhy Nermeen Mahmoud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, millions of people got COVID-19 infection since the start of the pandemic with a large number of deaths. Re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 is possible, because it can mutate into new strains as it is an RNA virus. The main objective of our study is to correlate between CT severity score of the patients re-infected with COVID-19 during the first and second attack and its clinical impact.

Results
We performed a retrospective cohort study. It was carried out on fifty symptomatic patients (11 females and 39 males). Their ages ranged from 38 to 71 years. We included only patients who were re-infected after more than 6 months of the first infection and showed clinical symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive test. We found that CT severity score was decreased in the second infection in 47 (94%) of our patients associated with decreased respiratory distress as well as oxygen requirements, while the CT severity score was increased in two patients and only one patient showed no change in CT score severity between two infections.

Conclusion
The reduction in CT severity score in the majority of re-infected patients suggested the role of the immunity developed from first infection in protection against severe lung affection in case of repeated infection even after 6 months despite poor immunity against re-infection.
Various vaccine platforms in the field of COVID-19
Authors: Savina K. , Sreekumar Rakhy , Soonu V. K. , Variyar E. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
With the emergence of Corona virus Disease-2019, a novel worldwide health disaster is threatening the population. The WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in December 2019, when it first surfaced in Hunan seafood market in Wuhan, South China, and quickly spread far and wide. Different corona virus variants are currently causing concern all across the world.

Main body
It has become critical for our scientists to develop a viable method to prevent infection or the pandemic from spreading globally. Antiviral medicines, oxygen therapy, and immune system stimulation are all used to treat the condition. SARS-CoV-2 undergoes mutation and due to evolutionary pressures, different mutant strains caused various symptoms in different geographical regions and the epidemic is spreading and becoming more fragile, posing a greater risk of mortality. Vaccines are tools to increase our immunity as a precaution, and increasing the global immunization rate can help improve the situation. Recent developments in the field of vaccine platforms are discussed here.

Short conclusion
Vaccines are of highest priority to control and eradicate the viral infectious disease COVID-19 more than any other protective solutions. A number of mutations have occurred and some variants such as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, and it has now progressed to the new version Omicron, which is a variant of concern. Booster doses are anticipated to function as a barrier to the capacity of the most recent known variety, and more research is needed to determine how effective they will be. This page discusses various technologies employed in the field of COVID-19 vaccine, as well as potential barriers and recent developments in this field.
Congenital hernia of umbilical cord with patent vitellointestinal duct along with evisceration of gut—a rare presentation and unusual management
Authors: Kumar Chandrodaya , Ali Md Mokarram , Kadian Yogender Singh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital hernia of umbilical cord is a rare congenital anomaly. Due to its presentation as herniation of small bowel or other viscera into the umbilical cord, it is often misdiagnosed as omphalocele minor.

Case presentation
We are reporting a rare case of congenital hernia of umbilical cord which presented with rupture of hernia sac and evisceration of small bowel loops with reverse ileal intussusception via a patent vitellointestinal duct. It was managed by first repositioning the gut with stoma at umbilical site as a temporizing measure followed by definitive surgery in the form of resection of patent vitellointestinal duct and end to end ileal anastomosis.

Conclusion
Congenital hernia of umbilical cord with patent vitellointestinal duct is a rare abdominal wall defect which can present beyond neonatal period with evisceration of gut. A high index of suspicion should be kept by the first attending clinician to avoid a delay in management.