bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐level and organizational‐level factors influencing in‐hospital falls
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Lee Eunhee , Jung Yoomi , Kwon Hyunjeong , Lee Sunmi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimIn‐hospital fall is one key safety issue in a healthcare setting. Although healthcare providers apply several strategies for preventing falls, falls still occur in hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate patient‐level and organizational‐level factors influencing in‐hospital falls.DesignA multicentre retrospective observational study.MethodsThis study used the national healthcare database and supplemented with organizational data obtained through a survey. Data extraction and survey were conducted between July and August 2020. A mixed‐effect logistic regression model was used to analyse factors influencing in in‐hospital falls.ResultsA total of 43,286 patients admitted in 86 hospitals were included in this study. Fall rate was 0.85 per 1000 days. Length of stay was significantly longer for fall patients than for no‐fall patients. Patient‐level factors (including age, mobility impairment and surgery) and organizational‐level factors (including nurse staffing and proportion of new nurses) were significant factors influencing in‐hospital falls.ConclusionSince in‐hospital falls increase economic burden to patients, we should consider various fall prevention strategies to reduce falls. For a strategy to be applied stably to patients, organizational factors must be supported.ImpactProactive fall management in acute settings is essential to ensure patient safety. Considering that the number of patients with fall risk is increasing due to ageing, organizational factors should be supported to provide quality nursing care for fall risk patients. Therefore, nurse leaders should primarily ensure an appropriate level of nurse staffing. They also need to make efforts to strengthen clinical competency of nurses.
Psycho‐behavioural factors influencing COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among Korean adults: The moderating role of age
Authors: Kim Gi Yon , Shin Taeksoo , Son Youn‐Jung , Choi Jihea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify the psycho‐behavioural factors influencing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine hesitancy among Korean adults. We examined the primary effects of eHealth literacy, social responsibility and self‐efficacy on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy using the information‐motivation‐behavioural skills (IMB) model. The moderating effect of age on the relationship between psycho‐behavioural factors and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy was also examined.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 500 Korean adults (253 men and 247 women) aged 20–60 years. Data collection took place in May 2021. The constructed hypothetical model for eHealth literacy, social responsibility, self‐efficacy and age was evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM).ResultseHealth literacy, social responsibility and self‐efficacy had significant negative effects on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Age had a significant moderating effect on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. The moderating effects of age on the relationship between eHealth literacy and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and between social responsibility and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy enhanced the explanatory power by high effect size. The overall fitness of the hypothetical model was good. The standardized root mean square residual value was 0.007, which explained 18.5% of the COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionTo reduce COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among Korean adults, a strategic approach that considers age should be adopted to enhance eHealth literacy, social responsibility and self‐efficacy.ImpactThe findings of this study suggest that providing correct health information online related to the COVID‐19 vaccine is likely to be effective in decreasing COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in older individuals, whereas inspiring a sense of social responsibility is more likely to be effective in younger individuals. These strategic nursing interventions could contribute to improving COVID‐19 vaccination rates among Korean adults.
Intensified support for juvenile offenders on probation: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Engel Christoph , Goerg Sebastian J. , Traxler Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper studies a probation program in Cologne, Germany. The program, which has a clear rehabilitative focus, offers intensified personal support to serious juvenile offenders over the first 6 months of their probation period. To evaluate the program's impact on recidivism, we draw on two research designs. Firstly, a small‐scale randomized trial assigns offenders to probation with regular or intensified support. Secondly, a regression discontinuity design exploits a cutoff that defines program eligibility. The results suggest that the program reduces recidivism. The effect seems persistent over at least 3 years. Our evidence further indicates that the drop in recidivism is strongest among less severe offenders.
Hospice interventions for persons living with dementia, family members and clinicians: A systematic review
Authors: Lassell Rebecca K. F. , Moreines Laura T. , Luebke Matthew R. , Bhatti Karandeep S. , Pain Kevin J. , Brody Abraham A. , Luth Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospice care was initially designed for seriously ill individuals with cancer. Thus, the model and clinicians were geared toward caring for this population. Despite the proportion of persons living with dementia (PLWD) receiving hospice care substantially increased over the past 10 years, and their longer lengths of stay, established hospice interventions for this population are scarce. No systematic review has previously evaluated those interventions that do exist. We synthesized hospice intervention studies for PLWD, their families, and hospice professionals by describing the types of interventions, participants, outcomes, and results; assessing study quality; and identifying promising intervention strategies.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using a comprehensive search of five databases through March 2021 and follow‐up hand searches. Included studies were peer‐reviewed, available in English, and focused on hospice interventions for persons with dementia, and/or care partners, and clinicians. Using pre‐determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, data was extracted guided by the Cochrane Checklist, and quality was assessed using a 26‐item Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Checklist.ResultsThe search identified 3235 unique studies in total, of which 10 studies met inclusion criteria. The search revealed three types of interventions: clinical education and training, usual care plus care add‐on services, and “other” delivered to 707 participants (mostly clinicians). Five studies included underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Outcomes measured knowledge and skills, psychosocial and health outcomes, feasibility, and acceptability, with significant improvements in six studies. Study quality was reflective of early‐stage research with clinical education and training strategies showing deliberate progression towards real‐world efficacy testing.ImplicationsHospice interventions for PLWD are sparse and in early‐phase research. More research is needed with rigorous designs, diverse samples, and outcomes considering the concordance of care.
Institutional Arrangements and Inflation Bias: A Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel Approach
Authors: GABRIEL VASCO J. , LAZOPOULOS IOANNIS , LIMA DIANA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates whether the institutional arrangements that determine the conduct of monetary and prudential policies influence policymakers' actions in pursuing their designated mandates. Employing recently developed dynamic heterogeneous panel methods and using data for 25 industrialized countries from 1960 to 2018, we empirically assess whether central banks' main objective of inflation stability is compromised when assigned with both policy mandates manifested as inflation bias. Our results show that, once we appropriately control for relevant policy and institutional factors, the separation of macroprudential regulation and monetary policy does not have a significant effect on inflation outcomes.
Eyebrow lifting with barbed threads: A simple, safe, and effective ambulatory procedure
Authors: Santorelli Adriano , Cirillo Pierfrancesco , Fundarò Salvatore Piero , Cavallini Maurizio , Salti Giovanni , Avvedimento Stefano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionChanges in brow positioning are one of the first facial aging signs. A more beautiful and younger look can be achieved by repositioning the tissues involved in brow descent and sagging eyelids.MethodsWe report the outcome of eyebrow thread lifting in a series of patients who came to our clinic to improve their gaze. Response to treatment was assessed at 6‐ and 12‐months using FACE‐Q™ upperlids and eyebrow/forehead scales.ResultsA total of 38 patients with mild‐to‐moderate brow ptosis or without ptosis underwent eyebrow thread lifting (mean age 35.5, all female). No serious complications were observed during or after treatment. All patients were satisfied with the outcome of the intervention. Mean FACE‐Q™ scores improved at six months compared with baseline. A statistically significant increase in mean FACE‐Q™ scores was still seen at 12 months and was more evident in younger women. Patients were able to go back to their daily lives the day after the procedure.ConclusionEyebrow thread lifting is a minimally invasive procedure able to overcome mild‐to‐moderate ptosis with excellent aesthetic results. In the absence of ptosis, thread lifting is a good choice to reposition the brow and improve the gaze. The technique is simple to perform and safe.
Relieving postoperative pain using tumescent solution with ropivacaine in follicular unit excision
Authors: Dai Da‐mao , Qu Qian , Fan Zhe‐xiang , Hu Zhi‐qi , Miao Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLocal tumescent anesthesia relieves postoperative pain.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare the effect of injecting a tumescent solution with/without ropivacaine on postoperative pain.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind control study was conducted in 314 patients who underwent first follicular unit excision after obtaining informed consent and ethics committee approval. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: intra‐groups (group 1, injected with tumescent solution with ropivacaine; group 2, without ropivacaine) and inter‐group (group 3, right‐head/left‐head side with/without ropivacaine). Postoperative pain was recorded using the 5‐point Wong–Baker Faces Pain Scale. No preoperative analgesic was administered to any patient. The survival rate of hair follicles was measured using dermoscopy during follow‐up. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsOf the 314 patients included in the study, 166 were men and 148 were women with a mean age of 32.15 ± 4.58 (range, 25–45) years. Postoperative pain with ropivacaine was significantly more relieved compared with that without ropivacaine in both groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between sex and survival rate of hair follicles in the intra‐ or inter‐group.ConclusionA tumescent solution with ropivacaine has proven to relieve postoperative pain and is a safe and valuable form of local anesthesia in follicular unit excision.
Comparison of ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous catheter insertion with landmark technique in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kleidon Tricia M , Schults Jessica , Paterson Rebecca , Rickard Claire M , Ullman Amanda J 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPaediatric peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion using traditional landmark insertion technique can be difficult.AimTo systematically review the evidence comparing landmark to ultrasound guidance for PIVC insertion in general paediatric patients.Study designCochrane methodology to systematically search for randomised controlled trials comparing landmark to ultrasound‐guided PIVC insertion.Data sourcesCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, US National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Embase.Data extractionEnglish‐language, paediatric trials published after 2000, reporting first‐attempt insertion success, overall PIVC insertion success, and/or time to insert were included. Central venous, non‐venous and trials including only difficult intravenous access were excluded. Data were independently extracted and critiqued for quality using GRADE by three authors, and analysed using random effects, with results expressed as risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Registration (CRD42020175314).ResultsOf 70 titles identified, 5 studies (995 patients; 949 PIVCs) were included. There was no evidence of an effect of ultrasound guidance, compared to landmark, for first‐attempt insertion success (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.90–1.78; I2 = 88%; moderate quality evidence), overall insertion success (RR 1.14; 95% CI 0.90–1.44; I2 = 82%; low quality evidence), or time to insertion (mean difference −3.03 min; 95% CI −12.73 to 6.67; I2 = 92%; low quality evidence).LimitationsSmall sample sizes, inconsistent outcomes and definitions in primary studies precluded definitive conclusions.ConclusionsLarge clinical trials are needed to explore the effectiveness of ultrasound guidance for PIVC insertion in paediatrics. Specifically, children with difficult intravenous access might benefit most from this technology.
CD38 Drives Progress of Osteoarthritis by Affecting Cartilage Homeostasis
Authors: Ma Jin‐jin , Ying Jun , Wang Jin‐yu , Xu Tao‐tao , Xia Han‐ting , Jin Hong‐ting , Xiao Lu‐wei , Shang Wen‐jun , Wang Wei‐qian , Feng Jian‐yin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo observe expression of CD38, a key modulator of nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism in mice with knee osteoarthritis, and protective effect of CD38 inhibition during the osteoarthritis (OA) development.MethodThe destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model was performed in mice to mimic the process of OA. Immunofluorescence of CD38 was performed to evaluate its response during the OA process. Limb bud‐derived mesenchymal cells were isolated for micromass culture. 100 nM or 1 μM CD38 inhibitor (78c) treatment for 14 days and CD38 sgRNA infection were then used to explore the effects of chondrogenic differentiation via Alcian blue staining. The expressions of chondrogenic markers were detected using RT‐PCR and Western blot. To explore the protective effect of CD38 inhibitor on cartilage degradation during OA in vivo, a CD38 inhibitor was injected into the knee joint after DMM operations. Micro‐CT analysis and Safranin O‐fast green staining were used to evaluate subchondral bone micro‐architecture changes and cartilage degeneration.ResultsCompared to the control group, the CD38 expression in superficial cartilage was obviously increased in DMM group (P < 0.05). During the normal chondrogenic differentiation, the extracellular matrix formed and expression of Sox9, Col2, aggrecan increased apparently while CD38 expression decreased, which could be reversed with ablation of CD38 in limb bud‐derived mesenchymal cells. Consistent with findings in vitro, CD38 blockage via CD38 inhibitor injection protected against osteosclerosis in medial subchondral bone and cartilage degeneration in DMM‐induced experimental mice. Compared to the Sham group, DMM mice showed significantly increased values of BV and BV/TV in subchondral bone (P < 0.05) and Mankin score, which could be rescued by 78c treatment (P < 0.05). Also the CD38 inhibitor contributed to homeostasis of anabolism and catabolism by upregulating Sox9, Col2, aggrecan and downregulating Runx2, Col10 and Mmp13.ConclusionThis study primarily implicates CD38 as an important regulator of chondrogenic differentiation. Inhibition of CD38 demonstrated protection against cartilage degeneration, which suggests that CD38 could be a potential therapeutic target for OA.
Understanding the interplay of temperature and moisture on the germination niche to improve management of threatened species impacted by mining
Authors: Rajapakshe Rajapakshe P. V. G. S. W. , Cross Adam T. , Turner Shane R. , Tomlinson Sean 
Published: April 2022

The return of vegetation to mined lands often requires broadcast seeding of diverse native seed mixes. However, seeds are highly adapted to germination windows with specific hydrothermal thresholds that maximize the likelihood of seedling survival, and post‐mining landscapes typically offer markedly different hydrothermal conditions than pre‐disturbance ecosystems. According to niche theory, generalist species should exhibit broader hydrothermal performance niches than specialist taxa, which may influence the success of recruitment from seeds in post‐mining ecological restoration. To test this assumption, the impact of hydrothermal stress (incubation temperature (10–30°C) and osmotic potential (−0.8 to 0 MPa)) on the time to 50% germination (t50) and maximum germination (Gmax) was compared between two narrow‐range species of conservation concern (Acacia woodmaniorum and A. karina) restricted to mining‐impacted Banded Ironstone Formations (BIF) and three broadly distributed congenerics (A. assimilis, A. exocarpoides, and A. ramulosa). The hydrothermal germination niches of the study species were broadly congruent with hydrothermal conditions of their habitats. The two range‐restricted taxa were more tolerant of hydrothermal stress compared to the three widely distributed taxa, suggesting that tolerance of greater hydrothermal stress by both range‐restricted Acacia species is likely to be adaptive to establishment in uncontested niche space. Complex interactions between thermal and water stress suggest these environmental gradients may shape the germination niche as well as patterns of plant diversity in BIF ecosystems. This study highlights the importance of quantifying interactions between niche dimensions and their implications for species performance, which will aid future restoration efforts for micro‐endemic species impacted by mining.
Home monitoring of lung function, symptoms and quality of life after admission with COVID‐19 infection: The HOMECOMIN' study
Authors: Nakshbandi Gizal , Moor Catharina C. , Nossent Esther J. , Geelhoed J. J. Miranda , Baart Sara J. , Boerrigter Bart G. , Aerts Joachim G. J. V. , Nijman Suzan F. M. , Santema Helger Y. , Hellemons Merel E. , Wijsenbeek Marlies S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveTo develop targeted and efficient follow‐up programmes for patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), structured and detailed insights in recovery trajectory are required. We aimed to gain detailed insights in long‐term recovery after COVID‐19 infection, using an online home monitoring programme including home spirometry. Moreover, we evaluated patient experiences with the home monitoring programme.MethodsIn this prospective multicentre study, we included adults hospitalized due to COVID‐19 with radiological abnormalities. For 6 months after discharge, patients collected weekly home spirometry and pulse oximetry measurements, and reported visual analogue scales on cough, dyspnoea and fatigue. Patients completed the fatigue assessment scale (FAS), global rating of change (GRC), EuroQol‐5D‐5L (EQ‐5D‐5L) and online tool for the assessment of burden of COVID‐19 (ABCoV tool). Mixed models were used to analyse the results.ResultsA total of 133 patients were included in this study (70.1% male, mean age 60 years [SD 10.54]). Patients had a mean baseline forced vital capacity of 3.25 L (95% CI: 2.99–3.44 L), which increased linearly in 6 months with 19.1% (Δ0.62 L, p < 0.005). Patients reported substantial fatigue with no improvement over time. Nevertheless, health status improved significantly. After 6 months, patients scored their general well‐being almost similar as before COVID‐19. Overall, patients considered home spirometry useful and not burdensome.ConclusionSix months after hospital admission for COVID‐19, patients' lung function and quality of life were still improving, although fatigue persisted. Home monitoring enables detailed follow‐up for patients with COVID‐19 at low burden for patients and for the healthcare system.
Regularization in dynamic random‐intercepts models for analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: Mofidian Naieni Amir‐Abbas , Rikhtehgaran Reyhaneh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of simultaneous variable selection and estimation in the random‐intercepts model with the first‐order lag response. This type of model is commonly used for analyzing longitudinal data obtained through repeated measurements on individuals over time. This model uses random effects to cover the intra‐class correlation, and the first lagged response to address the serial correlation, which are two common sources of dependency in longitudinal data. We demonstrate that the conditional likelihood approach by ignoring correlation among random effects and initial responses can lead to biased regularized estimates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that joint modeling of initial responses and subsequent observations in the structure of dynamic random‐intercepts models leads to both consistency and Oracle properties of regularized estimators. We present theoretical results in both low‐ and high‐dimensional settings and evaluate regularized estimators' performances by conducting simulation studies and analyzing a real dataset. Supporting information is available online.
Comparative clinical utility of screening for Suicide Crisis Syndrome versus suicidal ideation in relation to suicidal ideation and attempts at one‐month follow‐up
Authors: Rogers Megan L. , Bafna Anokhi , Galynker Igor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSuicidal ideation (SI) has numerous limitations in predicting suicidal behavior. The Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) is proposed as an alternative method of detecting risk. This study compares the relative utility of SI and SCS in statistically predicting SI and behaviors at one‐month follow‐up.Methods382 psychiatric patients (98 inpatients, 284 outpatients) completed baseline measures and provided information about suicide‐related outcomes one month later. Participants were grouped based on responses to measures assessing SCS and SI.ResultsRates of follow‐up suicidal behavior were significantly higher among those reporting both SCS and SI (22.2%) than those reporting SI alone (6.0%) or neither SCS nor SI (0.9%). SCS alone (8.3%) had descriptively, but not statistically, higher rates of suicidal behavior than those with neither SCS nor SI, and did not differ from SI alone and the combination of SCS and SI. Those reporting SI—with and without SCS—had higher levels of follow‐up suicidal thoughts than those without SI.ConclusionThe SCS was equivalent to SI, and incrementally informative alongside SI, in detecting individuals at risk of future suicidal behavior, whereas SI was more strongly related to future SI than SCS. The combination of SCS and SI may be clinically useful in detecting individuals who are at risk for suicide.