bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to Soluble Phosphorus Fertilizers in Indian Context
Authors: Singh Jayara Alok , Kumar Rajeew , Pandey Priyanka , Kumar Bhatt Manoj , Pandey Sharad , Lal Meena Roshan 
Published: June 2022

Phosphorus is one of the primary nutrients required in crop production. Rock phosphate is the raw material required for the manufacturing of soluble phosphorus fertilizers, which is nonrenewable in nature and expected to last for 50–400 years. The restriction of resources to few geographical locations makes its supply more vulnerable. In India, 90% of the rock phosphate for fertilizer manufacturing is imported. However, the low quality of rock phosphate deposits available in India can be utilized with certain modifications in the form of addition of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, addition of gypsum, and in the form of phospho-enriched compost. Agriculture, livestock, urban and industrial waste can also prove to be a source of phosphorus through crystallization of struvite. There are encouraging results of struvite compared with soluble phosphorus fertilizers. This will reduce the import dependency in India as well as encourage the Atmanirbhar initiative in phosphorus fertilizer.
Framing sport managers’ profile: A systematic review of the literature between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Santos José Miguel , Batista Paula , Carvalho Maria José 
Published: June 2022

The present study is a systematic review focused in sport managers’ profile and the main purpose is to map the literature of sport managers’ competencies and tasks from January of 2000 to January of 2019. The search was made on EBSCO, B-on, Web Science and Scopus using the following keywords: ‘sport managers OR sport directors OR sport administrators’, ‘sport managers AND qualifications’, ‘sport managers AND responsibilities’, ‘sport managers AND traits’, ‘sport managers AND roles’, ‘sport managers AND competencies’ and ‘sport managers AND characteristics’ in peer reviewed articles and dissertations. After applying the inclusion criteria, 65 studies were selected. Sport managers are, predominantly, men in their thirties and forties, with a degree in physical education. A sport manager must have competencies such as leadership, integrity, specific knowledge, resource allocation, authority’s delegation, employees’ motivation and innovative thinking to accomplish the most important and more time consuming responsibilities like planning/organization, coordination/evaluation or information.
El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática centrada en el perfil de los gestores deportivos y el objetivo principal es mapear la literatura de las competencias y tareas de los gestores deportivos desde enero de 2000 hasta enero de 2019. La búsqueda se realizó en EBSCO, B-on, Web Science y Scopus utilizando las siguientes palabras clave: 'gerentes deportivos O directores deportivos O administradores deportivos', 'gestores deportivos Y calificaciones', 'gestores deportivos Y responsabilidades', 'gestores deportivos Y rasgos', 'gestores deportivos Y roles', 'gerentes deportivos Y competencias' y 'gerentes deportivos Y características' en artículos y disertaciones revisados por pares. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 65 estudios. Los directores deportivos son predominantemente hombres de entre treinta y cuarenta años, con un título en educación física. El gestor deportivo debe tener competencias como liderazgo, integridad, conocimiento específico, asignación de recursos, delegación de autoridad, motivación de los empleados y pensamiento innovador para cumplir con las responsabilidades más importantes y que requieren más tiempo, como planificación / organización, coordinación / evaluación o información.
Odor identification predicts the transition of patients with isolated RBD: A retrospective study
Authors: Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Masayuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo determine if the severity of olfactory dysfunction in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) predicts conversion to Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsOlfaction was tested using the Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT‐J) in 155 consecutive patients with polysomnography‐confirmed IRBD and 34 healthy controls. IRBD patients were followed up for 5.8 ± 3.2 (range 0.2–11) years. Thirty‐eight patients underwent repeat UPSIT‐J evaluation at 2.7 ± 1.3 years after the baseline test.ResultsUPSIT‐J score was lower in IRBD patients than in age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff score of 22.5 in UPSIT‐J discriminated between IRBD patients and controls with a sensitivity of 94.3% and specificity of 81.8%. Anosmia (UPSIT‐J score < 19) was present in 54.2% of IRBD patients. In total, 42 patients developed a neurodegenerative disease, of whom 17 had PD, 22 DLB, and 3 MSA. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the short‐term risk of Lewy body disease (LBD) was higher in patients with anosmia than in those without anosmia. At baseline, the UPSIT‐J score was similar between patients who developed PD and DLB (p = 0.136). All three IRBD patients (100%) who developed MSA did not have anosmia.ConclusionsIn IRBD patients, anosmia predicts a higher short‐term risk of transition to LBD but cannot distinguish between PD and DLB. At baseline, preserved odor identification may occur in latent MSA. Future IRBD neuroprotective trials should evaluate anosmia as a marker of prodromal LBD.
Modifiable potential risk factors in familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Soppela Helmi , Katisko Kasper , Gadola Yasmine , Krüger Johanna , Hartikainen Päivi , Alberici Antonella , Benussi Alberto , Koivisto Anne , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Remes Anne M , Borroni Barbara , Solje Eino 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveOnly a few studies have evaluated modifiable risk factors for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we evaluated several modifiable factors and their association with disease phenotype, genotype, and prognosis in a large study population including Finnish and Italian patients with FTD and control groups.MethodsIn this case–control study, we compared the presence of several cardiovascular and other lifestyle‐related diseases and education between Finnish and Italian patients with familial (n = 376) and sporadic (n = 654) FTD, between different phenotypes of FTD, and between a subgroup of Finnish FTD patients (n = 221) and matched Finnish patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 214) and cognitively healthy controls (HC) (n = 100).ResultsPatients with sporadic FTD were less educated (p = 0.042, B = ‐0.560, 95% CI −1.101 to −0.019) and had more heart diseases (p < 0.001, OR = 2.265, 95% CI 1.502–3.417) compared to patients with familial FTD. Finnish FTD patients were less educated (p = 0.032, B = 0.755, 95% CI 0.064–1.466) compared with AD patients. The Finnish FTD group showed lower prevalence of hypertension than the HC group (p = 0.003, OR = 2.162, 95% CI 1.304–3.583) and lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia than in the HC group (p < 0.001, OR = 2.648, 95%CI 1.548–4.531) or in the AD group (p < 0.001, OR = 1.995, 95% CI 1.333–2.986). Within the FTD group, clinical phenotypes also differed regarding education and lifestyle‐related factors.InterpretationOur study suggests distinct profiles of several modifiable factors in the FTD group depending on the phenotype and familial inheritance history and that especially sporadic FTD may be associated with modifiable risk factors.
Elucidating Reaction Pathways of the CO2 Electroreduction via Tailorable Tortuosities and Oxidation States of Cu Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Adesina Peace , Nasiri Noushin , Wang Haojing , Sheng Yuan , Wu Shuyang , Kraft Markus , Lapkin Alexei A. , Ager Joel W. , Xu Rong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCopper‐based 3D fractal nanostructures are integrated on the electrodes using a scalable and ink‐free flame aerosol synthesis technique for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The effects of tortuosity and oxidation state of copper are respectively investigated by isolating each effect from the others. By balancing the intermediate confinement and local availability of CO2, CuO‐derived Cu with optimal tortuosity exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 65% toward C2+ products at an applied potential of −1.04 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. A subsequent study of the effects of the oxidation state, which is free from the influence of tortuosity, reveals that Cu2+‐derived Cu demonstrates suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction and a higher C2+/CH4 ratio than metallic Cu. The preference for the formation of both ethanol and n‐propanol versus ethylene, is found to follow the trend from metallic Cu > Cu2+‐derived Cu > Cu+‐derived Cu toward alcohols’ formation. These findings elucidate the underlying causes for the effects of tortuosity of porous Cu electrodes on selectivity and provide insights into the specific effects of the initial oxidation state on various reaction pathways during electrochemical CO2 reduction.
On the Interplay between CT and Singlet Exciton Emission in Organic Solar Cells with Small Driving Force and Its Impact on Voltage Loss
Authors: Fritsch Tobias , Kurpiers Jona , Roland Steffen , Tokmoldin Nurlan , Shoaee Safa , Ferron Thomas , Collins Brian A. , Janietz Silvia , Vandewal Koen , Neher Dieter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe interplay between free charge carriers, charge transfer (CT) states and singlet excitons (S1) determines the recombination pathway and the resulting open circuit voltage (VOC) of organic solar cells. By combining a well‐aggregated low bandgap polymer with different blend ratios of the fullerenes PCBM and ICBA, the energy of the CT state (ECT) is varied by 130 meV while leaving the S1 energy of the polymer () unaffected. It is found that the polymer exciton dominates the radiative properties of the blend when approaches , while the VOC remains limited by the non‐radiative decay of the CT state. It is concluded that an increasing strength of the exciton in the optical spectra of organic solar cells will generally decrease the non‐radiative voltage loss because it lowers the radiative VOC limit (VOC,rad), but not because it is more emissive. The analysis further suggests that electronic coupling between the CT state and the S1 will not improve the VOC, but rather reduce the VOC,rad. It is anticipated that only at very low CT state absorption combined with a fairly high CT radiative efficiency the solar cell benefit from the radiative properties of the singlet excitons.
Implementation of a novel digital ultrasound education tool into an emergency medicine rotation: UltrasoundBox
Authors: Perice Leland , Naraghi Leily , Likourezos Antonios , Singh Harpriya , Haines Lawrence 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the educational value of implementing a web‐based e‐learning program into a medical student emergency medicine rotation. We created “UltrasoundBox,” a browser‐based application where students interpret ultrasound (US) images. Our goal was to assess how this form of e‐learning performs when compared to more passive, lecture‐based online US education. We also assessed the how the students interpreted the addition this learning modality to the rotation.MethodsThis is a randomized, controlled study to assess the educational outcomes of implementing UltrasoundBox compared to lecture‐based US education. Fourth‐year medical students on their emergency medicine rotation were enrolled in the study. Students randomized to the control arm were instructed to watch widely available educational lecture videos. Students randomized to the intervention arm received access to UltrasoundBox and were instructed to complete the clinical modules. Both groups completed the same standardized US examination before and after the trial. All the trial participants were given a survey to complete after the trial.ResultsWe enrolled 42 students, with 23 in the control group and 19 in the intervention group. On the post‐intervention examination, the control and intervention groups were found to have mean examination scores of 61.6% and 73.6% respectively, with a statistically significant difference of 12% (95% confidence interval 1.611 to 5.56; p < 0.0005). A total of 92% of survey respondents in the intervention group indicated that UltrasoundBox was an effective tool in meeting the intended learning objectives, while only 36.8% of the control group indicated this for the online lectures (p < 0.005).ConclusionsWe found that medical students using the web‐based e‐learning platform UltrasoundBox achieved better scores on the examination when compared to the medical students using existing online lecture‐based US educational resources. The students reported that the addition of UltrasoundBox added educational value to the rotation.
Broadband Multiple Topological Rainbows
Authors: Elshahat Sayed , Esmail Mohamed Saleh M. , Yuan Hongyi , Feng Shuai , Lu Cuicui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopological photonics offers enhanced control over electromagnetic fields by providing a platform for robust trapping and guiding topological states of light. The topological rainbow can separate and distribute different wavelengths of topological photonic states into different positions, but related topological devices have not yet been fully explored. In this work, topological rainbows are realized by inserting a sandwiched gradient structure in the topological waveguide to realize the topological edge states. A robust one‐way slow‐light coupling state is realized to broaden the frequency range of the formed topological rainbow with the robust transmission. Thus, multiple topological rainbows are realized by combining the topological property with immunity to backscattering and coupling states of the slow light. Accordingly, light can spread, separate, and thus be trapped at different positions in different directions. This work provides a new way to reconfigure the topological rainbow and brings opportunities to study nanophotonic topological devices.
Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover using twin‐screw extrusion under mild conditions
Authors: Elalami Doha , Aouine Mouna , Monlau Florian , Guillon Fabienne , Dumon Claire , Hernandez Raquet Guillermina , Barakat Abdellatif 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the effect of extrusion at high solid loading on corn stover (CS) properties and its enzymatic hydrolysis. This biomass was extruded under different screw speeds and different solid loadings and the impact of these parameters on the physicochemical properties was evaluated. It was found that lignocellulosic components were not significantly affected by the pretreatment, while the surface area increased with solid loading and rotation speed. Different enzyme cocktails were used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of extruded and untreated CS. Overall, mild twin‐extrusion enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of CS through an increase in glucose and xylose yields by 134–212% and 214–294%, respectively, when using Trichoderma longibrachiatum cellulase. The highest sugar content was obtained from CS extruded under 400 g total solids per liter and 200 rpm. The energy efficiency of the pretreatment was also assessed and was found to be maximal at 400 g total solids per liter and 200 rpm. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ecological perspective of student engagement through digital technology: Practical application and implications
Authors: Pepple Dennis Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch into how student engagement can be influenced through digital technology has continued to be at the forefront of higher education debates. This is due to the technological advancements and the recent disruptions caused by the Covid‐19 lockdown, which have made it imperative for universities to adopt blended and online learning. Drawing on secondary data analysis of comments posted by 283 post‐graduate students on the Canvas site (a learning management system) used in a UK university, this study investigates how to influence student engagement using digital technology from an ecological perspective. The study contributes to the existing student engagement debate by providing useful planning and pedagogic considerations for influencing all dimensions of student engagement (behavioural, affective, social and cognitive). Academics may need to adopt a compassionate pedagogical stance where students can see the importance of helping their peers as a way of learning. This approach will help to build a community of online users where the discussion board is a rich source of learning materials developed by students for students.
Precision genome editing in plants using gene targeting and prime editing: existing and emerging strategies
Authors: Hassan Md Mahmudul , Yuan Guoliang , Liu Yang , Alam Mobashwer , Eckert Carrie A. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Golz John F. , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrecise modification of plant genomes, such as seamless insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA sequences at a predefined site, is a challenging task. Gene targeting (GT) and prime editing are currently the best approaches for this purpose. However, these techniques are inefficient in plants, which limits their applications for crop breeding programs. Recently, substantial developments have been made to improve the efficiency of these techniques in plants. Several strategies, such as RNA donor templating, chemically modified donor DNA template, and tandem‐repeat homology‐directed repair, are aimed at improving GT. Additionally, improved prime editing gRNA design, use of engineered reverse transcriptase enzymes, and splitting prime editing components have improved the efficacy of prime editing in plants. These emerging strategies and existing technologies are reviewed along with various perspectives on their future improvement and the development of robust precision genome editing technologies for plants.
Nordic treatment guidelines for rare epileptic conditions: A literature review
Authors: Vyas Kishan , Luedke Hannah , Ruban‐Fell Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe onset of severe, drug‐resistant seizures in early childhood is characteristic of the rare epileptic disorders Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS), Dravet syndrome (DS), and CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) and is frequently observed in the rare genetic conditions tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and Rett syndrome (RTT). High‐quality treatment guidelines are needed for optimal management of these conditions. This review aimed to assess content, availability, and development of treatment guidelines for these disorders in the Nordics region (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden).MethodsA targeted literature review (TLR) was therefore conducted in November/December 2020 by manually searching online rare disease and guideline databases in addition to relevant health technology assessment and regulatory agency websites to identify pharmacological treatment guidelines for DS, LGS, TSC, RTT, and CDD. Search terms for each disorder were translated to identify country‐specific guidelines. Treatment recommendations, geographical focus, and guideline development methodology was extracted into a predetermined extraction grid.ResultsMost of the 24 eligible guidelines identified (16/24; 66%) were specific to particular countries; Sweden was the most represented (7/24 [29%] guidelines), while no guidelines were identified for Iceland. Guideline development methodologies were heterogeneous, including systematic literature reviews/TLRs and expert consultation; several methodologies did not report details on the evidence sources used (7/24 [29%] guidelines). Treatment recommendation availability was variable across disorders, ranging from 126 treatment recommendations (LGS) to none (RTT, CDD).ConclusionComprehensive, consensus‐based treatment guidance developed via international collaboration within the Nordics region is necessary to optimize patient care in these five rare epileptic conditions.
The defense of mental disorder and crimes against the person committed under the influence of cannabis: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Bernard‐Arevalo Simon‐Pierre , Dellazizzo Laura , Marceau Émilie , Dumais Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe legalization of cannabis raises many queries, one of which regards the criminal liability of users under the influence of cannabis when crimes against the person are committed. This perspective review consequently aims to examine the defense of mental disorder (also referred to as the insanity defense) in Canadian criminal law and revise court decisions involving cases with cannabis use rendered in the field between 1995 and 2021. The purpose was to specify the factors allowing Canadian criminal courts to grant or refuse the defense of mental disorder to help further operationalize the jurisprudential criteria for forensic practice. We noted that presence of a severe and persistent primary psychopathology was the most decisive factor when determining the verdict of the accused who consumed cannabis.
Hearing the Voice of the Child in Safeguarding Processes: Exploring Different Voices and Competing Narratives
Authors: Race Tracey , Frost Nick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of research about children's participation in child protection processes. Research was undertaken with young people who had recent involvement with safeguarding professionals. The study explored children's lived experience and perspectives and found that children feel capable of making a contribution, however, they are frustrated by experiences of exclusion and inequality and the limitations of their ability to influence process and outcomes.The study further explored the perspectives of practitioners. Whilst professional commitment to child‐centred practice and effective safeguarding is unequivocal, the discourse of participation is characterised by ‘yes, but’. Insights emerged from the different voices and competing narratives of the central protagonists in the child protection process: children, social workers, chairs of case conferences and advocates. This paper examines how the child's right to involvement in safeguarding processes is understood and contributes to the evolving discourse about the importance of children's participation.
Shaping customer brand loyalty during the pandemic: The role of brand credibility, value congruence, experience, identification, and engagement
Authors: Rather Raouf Ahmad , Hollebeek Linda D. , VO‐THANH Tan , Ramkissoon Haywantee , Leppiman Anu , Smith Dale 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile insight into consumer brand engagement, experience, and identification is rapidly developing, little remains known regarding the association of these, and related, concepts, as therefore explored in this article. Drawing on social identity theory and service‐dominant‐logic, this study develops and tests a model that explores the effect of customers' brand credibility, ‐value congruence, and ‐experience on their brand identification, and its subsequent effect on their brand advocacy, ‐attachment, and ‐loyalty. We also examine the potentially moderating role of consumers' engagement in affecting these relationships. To explore these issues, we collected tourist‐based survey data. To analyze the data, we used confirmatory factor analysis, followed by structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that brand value congruence, credibility, and experience exercise significant positive effects on customers' brand identification, which, in turn, impact their brand advocacy, attachment, and loyalty. Further, brand engagement is shown to moderate the association of these factors. We conclude by outlining key theoretical/practical implications that arise from this research.