bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report. Thrombus formation on left atrial appendage clip: surgical exclusion and anticoagulation do not obviate transesophageal echocardiography prior to cardioversion
Authors: Lo Presti Saberio , Reyaldeen Reza , Wazni Oussama , Jaber Wael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The cornerstone treatment for atrial fibrillation (Afib) is based on the prevention of cardioembolism with the use oral anticoagulants, which inherently increase the risk of bleeding. An alternative for these patients corresponds to left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion/closure techniques such as Atriclip.

Cases summary
Patient 1: Seventy-two-year-old female who presented with decompensated heart failure, non ST elevation myocardial infarct, and paroxysmal Afib. She underwent coronary artery bypass graft, MAZE procedure, mitral valve repair, and Atriclip (40 mm). Recurrence of Afib postoperatively led to a precardioversion transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) which demonstrated a LAA pouch thrombus. Patient 2: Sixty-seven-year-old male who underwent electively mitral and tricuspid valve repairs, MAZE procedure, and Atriclip (35 mm). He had recurrent atrial flutter/Afib postoperatively. He received apixaban in addition to rate control medications, and he was readmitted for precardioversion TEE which also demonstrated a LAA pouch thrombus.

Discussion
Atriclip is a stapler exclusion device via epicardial approach which has shown excellent exclusion rates in contemporary data. One of the pitfalls of this technique is the possibility of leaving a LAA remnant stump or pouch that is highly thrombogenic. The optimal timing for stopping anticoagulation and the need for precardioversion echocardiography remain uncertain.
Cost-effectiveness of orthodontics: a systematic review
Authors: Jermyn Owen , Bister Dirk , Jin Huajie 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Background
Health economic evaluation is a methodology to maximize health benefits and minimize opportunity costs and is of increasing importance in informing resource allocation decisions in healthcare.

Objective
This systematic review aims to assess the availability and quality of economic evaluations of any orthodontic interventions and summarize the conclusions of these studies.

Search methods
A thorough search of the literature was carried out including terms related to orthodontic interventions and economic evaluation between January 2000 and February 2022. MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, and Cochrane were searched. Grey literature was searched and further hand-searching was performed on the reference lists of relevant systematic reviews.

Selection criteria
Studies on cleft lip and palate surgery and sleep apnoea were excluded due to the multi-disciplinary nature of these conditions which might alter the applicability of the result to orthodontic interventions. Two independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion.

Data collection and analysis
Data extraction was carried out through full text analysis of included studies by two authors. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Drummond 10-point Checklist and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Quality Appraisal Checklist for Economic Evaluations. Characteristics and conclusions of included articles were descriptively summarized.

Results
Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria. Most of the included articles were trial-based studies, with only one model-based study. Orthodontic interventions assessed included crossbite correction, functional appliance treatment and orthognathic surgery. Most studies were carried out in Europe and specifically in Sweden. The quality of included studies was generally low with 69% of studies reported as having serious limitations according to the NICE Checklist.

Conclusion
This review highlighted a lack of economic evaluations for orthodontic interventions, and limitations of existing economic evaluations. Recommendations on future research are provided.

Registration
The protocol for the systematic review was registered on the NIHR Database (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, CRD42021220419).
Gerrit van Honthorst’s guitar: tracing &#x2028;the features of an instrument reappearing &#x2028;in the works of the Utrecht Caravaggist
Authors: Hofstötter Bernhard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While sojourning in Rome until 1620, the Utrecht Caravaggist painter Gerrit van Honthorst (1592–1656) directly witnessed the rising popularity of the chitarra spagnuola, the five-course (Baroque) guitar, whose ascent had been fuelled by the onset of monody. Honthorst was quick to pick up on new musical trends and, while still in Rome, applied his art to what is one of the very first depictions of the five-course guitar. Back in Utrecht, he would present that same guitar in two pictures displaying women playing or tuning the guitar, today preserved at the Louvre and the Lviv National Gallery of Art respectively. The three pictures together deepen our understanding of the constructional details of early Italian guitars. Honthorst shows an instrument of a sober and simple, yet elegant, design, quite unlike the heavily ornamented 17th-century guitars surviving to this day. A recently rediscovered 18th-century painting appears to be a copy of another (unknown) portrait of a guitar player by Honthorst or his workshop, and provides additional detail. This article presents and assesses the pictorial evidence on Honthorst’s guitar.
Left ventricular remodelling post-myocardial infarction: pathophysiology, imaging, and novel therapies
Authors: Frantz Stefan , Hundertmark Moritz Jens , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Bengel Frank Michael , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Most patients survive acute myocardial infarction (MI). Yet this encouraging development has certain drawbacks: heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing and patients affected tend to have more comorbidities worsening economic strain on healthcare systems and impeding effective medical management. The heart’s pathological changes in structure and/or function, termed myocardial remodelling, significantly impact on patient outcomes. Risk factors like diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, female sex, and others distinctly shape disease progression on the ‘road to HF’. Despite the availability of HF drugs that interact with general pathways involved in myocardial remodelling, targeted drugs remain absent, and patient risk stratification is poor. Hence, in this review, we highlight the pathophysiological basis, current diagnostic methods and available treatments for cardiac remodelling following MI. We further aim to provide a roadmap for developing improved risk stratification and novel medical and interventional therapies.
Assessing the probability of risk factor control in patients with coronary heart disease: results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey
Authors: Moerschel Katharina Selda , De Bacquer Dirk , De Backer Guy , Wood David , Kotseva Kornelia , Wellmann Jürgen , Prugger Christof 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), we investigated whether it is possible to accurately assess the probability of short-term control of risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking) based on individual and large-area residential characteristics.

Methods and results
We merged individual data of participants from EUROASPIRE V who were hospitalized for CHD (2014–2017) and interviewed and examined for risk factor control (2016–2017), with large-area residential data provided by Eurostat for Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions using postal codes. Data from 2562 CHD patients in 16 countries were linked to data from 60 NUTS 2 and 121 NUTS 3 regions. The median time between hospitalization and interview was 14 months. We developed prediction models to assess the probability of risk factor control at interview using data from the time of hospitalization: (i) baseline models including 35 variables on patients’ demographic, clinical, and socio-economic characteristics and (ii) extended models additionally considering nine variables on large-area residential characteristics. We calculated and internally validated c-indices to assess the discriminative ability of prediction models. Baseline models showed good discrimination with c-indices of 0.69, 0.70, and 0.76 for blood pressure control, cholesterol control, and smoking cessation, respectively. Extended models for blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking yielded improved c-indices of 0.72, 0.71, and 0.78, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the probability of risk factor control in CHD patients can be accurately assessed using individual and large-area residential characteristics, allowing for an identification of patients who are less likely to achieve risk factor targets.
Food insecurity among disabled adults
Authors: Hadfield-Spoor Mia , Avendano Mauricio , Loopstra Rachel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The relationship between disability and food insecurity is under-researched. Risk of food insecurity may vary by type and number of disabilities. We examine the hypotheses that (i) a higher number of disabilities increases risk of food insecurity and (ii) associations of physical disabilities, mental/cognitive disabilities or a combination of both types with food insecurity may differ in strength.

Methods
Data came from the fifth wave of the UK’s Food Standards Agency’s Food and You survey (2018), which contains detailed information on disability and household food insecurity. We used logistic and multinomial logistic regression to model the number and type of disabilities as predictors for food insecurity outcomes, controlling for socio-demographic factors.

Results
Both type and number of disabilities predicted food insecurity. Every additional disability was associated with higher odds of food insecurity [odds ratio (OR): 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–1.83]. Among people with a disability, every additional disability was associated with 19% higher odds of food insecurity (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.34). People with both physical and mental/cognitive disabilities had increased odds of severe food insecurity (OR: 8.97, 95% CI: 3.54–22.7).

Conclusion
Number and type of disabilities are associated with higher risk of food insecurity. A combination of physical and mental/cognitive disabilities, as well as having multiple disabilities are each independently associated with higher risk of food insecurity. Policy-makers may thus consider using targeted and tailored policies to reduce barriers to social and financial inclusion of disabled people to reduce food insecurity.
Microbial response to multiple-level addition of grass organic matter in lake sediments with different salinity
Authors: Yang Jian , Han Mingxian , Zhao Zhuoli , Han Jinbin , Zhang Xiying , Xie Zhanling , Jiang Hongchen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater surface expansion of saline lakes usually causes the inundation of surrounding grassland, leading to the increase of terrestrial grass organic matter (OM) input to the lakes and the decrease of lake salinity. However, the influence of terrestrial grass OM input increase and salinity decrease on organic carbon mineralization and microbial community composition remains unknown in saline lakes. Here, microbial mineralization of terrestrial grass (Achnatherum splendens) OM at different quantity levels in lake sediments with different salinity was investigated by performing microcosm experiments. The results showed that the CO2 production rates increased with the increase of grass OM supply in the studied sediments with different salinity, which may be driven by certain microbial groups (e.g. Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota). The increase of grass OM supply reduced the richness of prokaryotic community, which will decrease the size and complexity of the studied microbial networks, but increase the interaction between prokaryotic and fungal taxa. Taken together, our results suggest that the increase of terrestrial grass OM input caused by lake expansion would enhance the mineralization of organic carbon and affect the community composition and interactions of related microorganisms in lake sediments with different salinity.
RAD52 influences the effect of BRCA1/2 missense variants on homologous recombination and gene reversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lodovichi Samuele , Bellè Francesca , Mercatanti Alberto , Spugnesi Laura , Cozzani Cristina , Caligo Maria Adelaide , Cervelli Tiziana , Galli Alvaro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are key players in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway and act as tumor suppressors by maintaining genome stability. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has no BRCA1/2 homolog; however, a number of HR genes are evolutionary conserved between human and yeast. Among them, RAD52 is involved in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair by HR, and promotes genome stability. We previously reported that the heterologous expression of cancer-associated BRCA1/2 missense variants in growing yeast cultures affects both spontaneous HR and gene reversion (GR) suggesting that yeast could be a reliable system to assess the functional impact of variants. Because inhibition of Rad52p is lethal in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors, and Rad52p is conserved between humans and yeast, we asked if the effect of BRCA1/2 variants on HR and GR could be affected by loss of RAD52. We found that the rad52∆ mutation predominantly suppressed the stimulation of HR in yeast by pathogenic BRCA1 variants but also facilitated increased GR by pathogenic variants. Conversely, the rad52∆ mutation stimulated HR by a pathogenic BRCA2 variant in yeast but had no effect on GR. These results demonstrate a functional interplay between the pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants and Rad52p in budding yeast, supporting the use of budding yeast as a suitable system for evaluating potential chemotherapeutic strategies.
The Gender Anxiety of Otto von Bismarck, 1866–1898
Authors: Kreklau Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Building on critical re-examinations of the ‘Bismarck myth’ and scholarship on the fin de siècle crisis of identity in Europe, this article examines key vignettes in the political career of Otto von Bismarck during Prussia’s era of expansion and consolidation, c.1866–1898, through the lens of gender. It finds the legendary ‘Iron Chancellor’ experienced extreme gender-anxiety to the point of social dysphoria until the 1870s. Assigned feminine roles and lacking political decision-making power, Bismarck resorted to tantrums, tears, threats of self-harm and suicide, suffered mental breakdowns and enacted the kinds of ‘feminine’ intrigue of which he accused Europe’s royal women throughout his life. To stabilize their own identity in the early 1870s, he and his contemporaries weaponized misogyny to deflect accusations of femininity away from themselves and onto women at court. Bismarck claimed to have led negotiations in a masculine manner in the era of Europe’s colonial cabinet diplomacy. After his death, contemporaries studied the shape and measurements of Bismarck’s head to find an explanation for his alleged genius and marketed the statesman as an example of potent masculinity. Early hagiographic instrumentalizations of Bismarck should be read as part of a wider attempt to legitimize forms of white masculine rule and justify limited political participation in this period.
Probabilistic model-error assessment of deep learning proxies: an application to real-time inversion of borehole electromagnetic measurements
Authors: Rammay Muzammil Hussain , Alyaev Sergey , Elsheikh Ahmed H 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY
The advent of fast sensing technologies allow for real-time model updates in many applications where the model parameters are uncertain. Once the observations are collected, Bayesian algorithms offer a pathway for real-time inversion (a.k.a. model parameters/inputs update) because of the flexibility of the Bayesian framework against non-uniqueness and uncertainties. However, Bayesian algorithms rely on the repeated evaluation of the computational models and deep learning (DL) based proxies can be useful to address this computational bottleneck. In this paper, we study the effects of the approximate nature of the deep learned models and associated model errors during the inversion of borehole electromagnetic (EM) measurements, which are usually obtained from logging while drilling. We rely on the iterative ensemble smoothers as an effective algorithm for real-time inversion due to its parallel nature and relatively low computational cost. The real-time inversion of EM measurements is used to determine the subsurface geology and properties, which are critical for real-time adjustments of the well trajectory (geosteering). The use of deep neural network (DNN) as a forward model allows us to perform thousands of model evaluations within seconds, which is very useful to quantify uncertainties and non-uniqueness in real-time. While significant efforts are usually made to ensure the accuracy of the DL models, it is widely known that the DNNs can contain some type of model-error in the regions not covered by the training data, which are unknown and training specific. When the DL models are utilized during inversion of EM measurements, the effects of the model-errors could manifest themselves as a bias in the estimated input parameters and as a consequence might result in a low-quality geosteering decision. We present numerical results highlighting the challenges associated with the inversion of EM measurements while neglecting model-error. We further demonstrate the utility of a recently proposed flexible iterative ensemble smoother in reducing the effect of model-bias by capturing the unknown model-errors, thus improving the quality of the estimated subsurface properties for geosteering operation. Moreover, we describe a procedure for identifying inversion multimodality and propose possible solutions to alleviate it in real-time.
A 3-D plane-wave beamforming method for borehole azimuthal acoustic reflection imaging
Authors: Cheng Lu , Qiao Wenxiao , Che Xiaohua , Zhao Teng 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY
In the exploration and development of carbonate reservoirs, borehole azimuthal acoustic reflection imaging can be used to survey the near-borehole geological structures such as fractures, faults or caves in the formation, but the accuracy of azimuth measurement and imaging quality are usually deteriorated due to the amplitudes of event signals being often much weaker than those of borehole mode waves. This study proposes a data processing method for borehole azimuthal acoustic reflection imaging to improve the accuracy of azimuth measurement and imaging quality of the near-borehole geological structures. First, three adjacent receiving sensors in the vertical plane closest to the given azimuth are selected to form a linear phased array receiver subarray, and the elevation angle of the event signals can be obtained by comparing the amplitudes of the stacked waveforms in the vertical plane for different elevation angles. Further, three receiving sensors, closest to the given azimuth, are selected from the arcuate phased array receiver, where the central sensor of the linear phased array receiver subarray is located, to form an arcuate phased array receiver subarray, and the 3-D stacked waveforms with the known elevation and azimuth angle can be calculated. In the incident direction of the event signals, the event signals will be significantly enhanced because the event signals in waveforms of each sensor in the subarray satisfy the in-phase stack condition, so as to improve the migration image quality and interpretation accuracy fundamentally. We confirmed this method by processing azimuth reflection acoustic data from a field experiment including two adjacent fluid-filled artificial boreholes. The comparison of the field data processing results with and without 3-D waveform stacking demonstrated that 3-D waveform stacking significantly improves the accuracy of azimuth interpretation and imaging quality.
Micro- and macro-habitat selection of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, post-smolts in relation to marine environmental cues
Authors: Jensen J L A , Strøm J F , Nikolopoulos A , Primicerio R , Skarðhamar J , Atencio B J , Strand J E T , Bjørn P A , Bøhn T 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtlantic salmon is an economically and culturally important species. The species encounters several natural and man-made threats during its migration between fresh water and the ocean, which in combination may explain its ongoing decline. With the aim to better understand whether post-smolt behaviour is influenced by physical oceanographic conditions, the migratory behaviour of 173 post-smolts in a high-latitude Norwegian fjord was investigated, combining acoustic telemetry with site- and time-specific environmental variables from an oceanographic model. Most post-smolts (94%) performed a unidirectional migration out the fjord. Progression rates were relatively high (0.42–2.41 km h−1; 0.84–3.78 BL s−1) and increased with distance from the river. While post-smolts had an affinity for lower salinities in the inner fjord, statistical models failed to detect any significant relationship between the small-scale (within arrays) migratory behaviour and salinity, temperature, or coastal surface currents within the fjord. In the outer part, the post-smolts predominantly exited the fjord system through the strait with the highest surface salinities and lowest temperatures, independently of the current direction. Our findings indicate that the macro-habitat selection of the Atlantic salmon post-smolts was influenced by environmental factors: the post-smolts directed their migration towards “ocean cues.” However, this was not confirmed on the micro-habitat level.
The Vedanta challenge to multilateralism: Piercing the boundaries of the global legal order—Afterword to the Foreword by Karen Alter
Authors: Lustig Doreen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this Afterword, I expand Alter’s argument on multilateralism and colonialism, and argue that the emergence of multilateralism per se (and not only international economic law) played a pivotal role in facilitating global markets through its allocation of governance and coordination costs as well as responsibility between sovereign authorities. I then follow Alter’s lead by turning to the contemporary legal arrangements beyond multilateralism and analyzing the role of the sovereign veil, the corporate veil, and the contract veil in constituting the contemporary global economic order. Finally, I revisit Vedanta Resources PLC v. Lungowe (2019) as a model for value-chain liability. I argue that Alter’s historical reading of the contemporary economic order provides a powerful lens through which to evaluate the normative significance and limitations of Vedanta and similar transnational legal endeavors.