bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aliovalent Dilute Doping and Nano‐Moiré Fringe Advance the Structural Stability and Thermoelectric Performance in β‐Zn4Sb3
Authors: Jen I‐Lun , Wang Kuang‐Kuo , Wu Hsin‐Jay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) generators have come a long way since the first commercial apparatus launched in the 1950s. Since then, the β‐Zn4Sb3 has manifested its potential as a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly TE generator compared with the tellurium‐bearing TE materials. Although the β‐Zn4Sb3 features an intrinsically low thermal conductivity κ, it suffers from a long‐lasting structural instability issue arising from the highly mobile zinc ions. Herein, the dilute Ga dopant gives rise to the aliovalent substitution, lowers the mobile zinc ions, and optimizes the hole carrier concentration nH simultaneously. Meanwhile, the formation of nano‐moiré fringes suggests the modulated distribution of point defect that results from soluble Ga in a β‐Zn4Sb3 lattice, which elicits an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity κL = 0.2 W m−1 K−1 in a (Zn0.992Ga0.008)4Sb3 alloy. Hence, a fully dense β‐Zn4Sb3 incorporated with the dilute Ga doping reveals superior structural stability with a peak zT > 1.4 at 623 K. In this work, the aliovalent dilute doping coupled with phase diagram engineering optimizes the fluxes of moving electrons and charged ions, which stabilizes the single‐phase β‐Zn4Sb3 while boosting the TE performance at the mid‐temperature region. The synergistic strategies endow the ionic crystals with a thermodynamic route, which opens up a new category for high‐performance and thermal robust TE alloys.
On/Off Ultra‐Short Spin Current for Single Pulse Magnetization Reversal in a Magnetic Memory Using VO2 Phase Transition
Authors: Fan Xiaofei , Hehn Michel , Wei Guodong , Malinowski Gregory , Huang Tianxun , Xu Yong , Zhang Boyu , Zhang Wei , Lin Xiaoyang , Zhao Weisheng , Mangin Stéphane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUltrafast magnetization reversal of magnetic thin films induced by one single femtosecond laser light pulse, without any applied magnetic nor electrical field, known as all‐optical switching has become one of the most attractive technologies for prospective ultrafast and low‐energy magnetic devices. A single femtosecond laser pulse switching of a ferromagnet in specific spin valves, driven by electron pulse originating from ultrafast demagnetization of a ferrimagnetic layer, has been recently demonstrated. This opens the way to ultrafast and energy‐efficient writing for magnetic memory. Here, a new functionality is presented through introducing a thin VO2 into the specific spin valve, where a switchable ultra‐short polarized electron pulse by thermally triggering the phase transition of VO2 to dynamically control the switching of the ferromagnet is experimentally achieved. It is demonstrated that the generated ultra‐short electron pulse can be free to pass through the VO2 in its metallic state while it is blocked in its insulating state. Additionally, the change on electrical and optical properties of VO2 during the phase transition leads to various possible magnetic states. On/off ultra‐short spin current controlled by phase transition paves the way to address specific ultra‐fast spintronic devices in large array devices.
Tandem Self‐Powered Flexible Electrochromic Energy Supplier for Sustainable All‐Day Operations
Authors: Huang Jiaming , Ren Zhiwei , Zhang Yaokang , Fong Patrick Wai‐Keung , Chandran Hrisheekesh Thachoth , Liang Qiong , Yao Kuanming , Tang Hua , Xia Hao , Zhang Hengkai , Yu Xinge , Zheng Zijian , Li Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelf‐powered wearable energy suppliers are highly desirable for next‐generation smart electronic microsystems. However, it is still challenging to achieve an all‐day operating self‐powered energy device via the tandem integration strategy. Herein, a tandem self‐powered flexible energy supplier (SPFES) is proposed to “harvest and store” energy from sunlight (outdoor), dim‐light (indoor), and human body motion. In this novel device design, two flexible transparent electrodes are shared by three functional components: organic photovoltaic, triboelectric nanogenerator, and electrochromic supercapacitor. Interestingly, the SPFES shows distinctive in‐built features including energy indication, self‐modulation, and self‐protection. When compared to mechanically stacked devices, the SPFES avoids unnecessary encapsulation and external connections, resulting in a thinner device with a higher power‐to‐weight ratio (up to 110%). The concept of the SPFES paves an elegant route toward designing multi‐functional flexible energy‐harvest‐storage devices for all‐day operational wearable applications.
Mechanism and kinetic study for the intensification of two‐step synthesis of a dolutegravir intermediate in microreactor
Authors: Xue Xiao , Jiang Rongkun , Xie Chengmin , Qian Guozhi , Shang Minjing , Zhu Weiping , Su Yuanhai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMulti‐step reaction processes are frequently encountered in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, separate study on each step however is easily neglected. Herein, we separately investigated two reaction steps for the synthesis of an intermediate (DTG‐6) of an anti‐HIV drug dolutegravir (DTG) in microreactors. The first step (i.e., deprotection of DTG‐4) was optimized to achieve a high DTG‐5 yield (i.e., 96.7%) in the microreactor after the parametric screening on the DTG‐4 concentration, methanesulfonic acid loading, molar ratio of reaction components, and so forth. Reaction kinetics was revealed based on substantial experimental data and mechanism cognition. Validation experiments showed the accuracy of this reaction kinetics. After thoroughly understanding this deprotection step, we combined it with the following annelation step in a cascade microreactor system for the two‐step synthesis of DTG‐6 with a much higher yield even at a remarkably shorter residence time compared with literature reports, thus indicating efficient process intensification.
Superior Electrocatalysis Delivered by a Directional Electron Transfer Cascade in Hierarchical CoNi/Ru@C
Authors: Jia Mingpu , Shen Ling , Tian Ge , Córdoba de Torresi Susana I. , Symes Mark D. , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExploiting directional electron transfer cascades could lead to high‐performance electrocatalysts for processes such as the hydrogen evolution reaction, but realising such systems is difficult. Herein, a hierarchical confined material (CoNi/Ru@C) is presented, which provides a suitable spatial junction to enable directional electron transfer, giving superior hydrogen evolution in alkaline water/seawater.
Dynamic event‐triggered distributed interval functional observers for interconnected systems
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong , Trinh Hieu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we design dynamic event‐triggered interval functional observers (FOs) for interconnected systems comprising subsystems where each subsystem is subject to nonlinearities and output disturbances. Our design method consists of two main steps. First, we design decentralized dynamic event‐triggered mechanisms (ETMs) which use only locally measured output information. We then consider the design of distributed interval FOs by using the newly proposed ETMs. Their existence conditions are established and formulated in terms of linear programming. We also derive a bound on the estimated error vector and show that this bound is the smallest. Thus, this ensures that the unknown linear functional state vector can be estimated within an upper and lower bound of its true value by the designed interval observers. Finally, we apply the obtained results to design dynamic event‐triggered interval observers for linear functions of the state vectors of an ‐machine power system.
Self‐supervised cross validation using data generation structure
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Gotwalt Chris , Freeman Laura , Deng Xinwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModern statistics and machine learning typically involve large amounts of data coupled with computationally intensive methods. In a predictive modeling context, one seeks models that achieve high predictive accuracy on new datasets. This is typically implemented by partitioning the data into training and hold‐out data sets. The allocation is often conducted randomly, at the row level of the data matrix. In this work, we discuss an overlooked gap in machine learning and predictive modeling, the role of data structure and data generation process in the partitioning of observational data into training and hold‐out datasets. Ignoring such structures can lead to deficiencies in model generalizability and operationalization. We highlight that explicitly embracing the data generation structure to partition the data for validating predictive model is essential to the success of data science projects. The proposed approach is called befitting cross validation (BCV). It relies on an information quality perspective of analytics. This requires an assessment with inputs from domain experts, in contrast to automated approaches that are purely data driven. BCV is motivated by the objective of generating information quality with data and modeling. Two case studies are illustrating the proposed approach. One is based on a 96‐h burn‐in process applied to electro‐mechanical devices, implemented in order to reduce early failures at the customer site. The goal was to shorten the burn‐in process with a predictive model applied at 20 h. The other case study is combining tablet dissolution profiles and designed mixture experiments. The goal there was to match the tablet under test dissolution profiles with a brand tablet reference profile. These case studies demonstrate the methodological points made with BCV, which are generic in nature. We suggest that BCV principles should be always considered in the development of data‐driven predictive models.
Robust probit linear mixed models for longitudinal binary data
Authors: Lee Kuo‐Jung , Kim Chanmin , Chen Ray‐Bing , Lee Keunbaik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose Bayesian analysis methods dealing with longitudinal data involving repeated binary outcomes on subjects with dropouts. The proposed Bayesian methods implement probit models with random effects to capture heterogeneity and hypersphere decomposition to model the correlation matrix for serial correlation of repeated responses. We investigate the model robustness against misspecifications of the probit models along with techniques to handle missing data. The parameters of the proposed models are estimated by implementing an Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, and simulations were performed to provide a comparison with other models and validate the choice of prior distributions. The simulations show that when suitable correlation structures are specified, the proposed approach improves estimation of the regression parameters in terms of the mean percent relative error and the mean squared error. Finally, two real data examples are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.
Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promotes tumor growth in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer via regulation of the mTOR pathway
Authors: Hsu Hui‐Ping , Chu Pei‐Yi , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Hung Wen‐Chun , Jiang Shih Sheng , Lin Hui‐You , Tsai Hui‐Jen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTumor cells may aberrantly express metabolic enzymes to adapt to their environment for survival and growth. Targeting cancer‐specific metabolic enzymes is a potential therapeutic strategy. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate and links the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Mitochondrial PEPCK (PEPCK‐M), encoded by PCK2, is an isozyme of PEPCK and is distributed in mitochondria. Overexpression of PCK2 has been identified in many human cancers and demonstrated to be important for the survival program initiated upon metabolic stress in cancer cells. We evaluated the expression status of PEPCK‐M and investigated the function of PEPCK‐M in breast cancer.MethodsWe checked the expression status of PEPCK‐M in breast cancer samples by immunohistochemical staining. We knocked down or overexpressed PCK2 in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the function of PEPCK‐M in breast cancer.ResultsPEPCK‐M was highly expressed in estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancers. Decreased cell proliferation and G0/G1 arrest were induced in ER+ breast cancer cell lines by knockdown of PCK2. PEPCK‐M promoted the activation of mTORC1 downstream signaling molecules and the E2F1 pathways in ER+ breast cancer. In addition, glucose uptake, intracellular glutamine levels, and mTORC1 pathways activation by glucose and glutamine in ER+ breast cancer were attenuated by PCK2 knockdown.ConclusionPEPCK‐M promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression in ER+ breast cancer via upregulation of the mTORC1 and E2F1 pathways. PCK2 also regulates nutrient status‐dependent mTORC1 pathway activation in ER+ breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to understand whether PEPCK‐M is a potential therapeutic target for ER+ breast cancer.
Dose‐dependent effect of impaired renal function on all‐cause mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Limpijankit Thosaphol , Chandavimol Mann , Srimahachota Suphot , Kanoksilp Anek , Jianmongkol Poj , Siriyotha Sukanya , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Buddhari Wacin , Sansanayudh Nakarin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the risk prediction of various degrees of impaired renal function on all‐cause mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of all‐cause mortality after PCI. However, there are less data of various degrees of impaired renal function to predict those risks.MethodsThis was a subgroup analysis of nationwide PCI registry of 22 045 patients. Patients were classified into six CKD stages according to preprocedure estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73 m2): I (≥90), II (60−89), III (30−59), IV (15−29), or V (<15) without or with dialysis. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were compared among patients in each stage. One‐year all‐cause mortality was reported with risk prediction based on CKD stages and other risk factors.ResultsPatients with CKD stage I−V without and with on dialysis were found in 26.9%, 40.8%, 23.2%, 3.9%, 1.5%, and 3.7%, respectively. PCI procedural success and complication rates ranged from 94.0% to 96.2% and 2.8% to 6.1%, respectively. One‐year overall survival among CKD stages I−V was 96.3%, 93.1%, 84.4%, 65.2%, 68.0%, and 69.4%, respectively (p < .001 by log‐rank test). After adjusting covariables, the hazard ratios of all‐cause mortality for CKD stages II−V as compared to stage I by multivariate Cox regression analysis were 1.5, 2.6, 5.3, 5.9, and 7.0, respectively, (p < .001).ConclusionAmong patients undergoing PCI, lower preprocedure eGFR is associated in a dose‐dependent effect with decreased 1‐year survival. This finding may be useful for risk classification and to guide decision‐making.
A Combined Computational Methodology for the Discovery of Hit Compounds with Putative Insect Repellency Properties
Authors: Kritsi Eftichia , Liggri Panagiota G. V. , Stamati Evgenia C. V. , Tsitsanou Katerina E. , Zographos Spyros E. , Michaelakis Antonios , Papachristos Dimitrios , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMosquitoes and other hematophagous arthropods, the primary vectors of multiple parasites and viruses, are responsible for the transmission of serious diseases to humans. Nowadays, the interest is focused on the development of novel repellents to the existing ones with advanced properties. The present study attempts the discovery of novel hit compounds which may evolve as insect repellents using a combined computational methodology targeting the Odorant Binding Protein 1 (OBP1). The in silico results indicated two compounds, namely coniferyl alcohol and 1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐propanol, which were further evaluated (a) in vitro for their binding affinity to AgamOBP1 and (b) in vivo using dose‐dependent repellence tests against the aggressive‐day biting Aedes albopictus. The combination of in vitro and in vivo results pointed that coniferyl alcohol and 1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐propanol exhibited high binding affinity over OBP1 with 69.4 and 84.7 nM, respectively as well as efficient repellent activity. Compounds were also tested for their dose‐dependent repellency activity in vivo against Aedes albopictus. Overall, the selected compounds can serve as scaffolds for the development of novel repellents.
Simultaneous versus staged major hepatectomy (≥3 liver segments) for outcomes of synchronous colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Xia Yong , Pan Xiaorong , Yan Zhenlin , Zhang Lei , Yang Zhao , Wu Yeye , Xue Hui , Bai Shilei , Shen Feng , Wang Kui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatectomy is an effective treatment for synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) patients. However, whether to choose simultaneous hepatectomy (SIH) or staged hepatectomy (STH) is still controversial, especially during major hepatectomy (≥3 liver segments).AimsCompare the difference between the SCLM patients underwent SIH and STH, especially during major hepatectomy (≥3 liver segments).Methods and ResultsA meta‐analysis was conducted by analyzing the published data on the outcomes of SCLM patients underwent SIH or STH from January 2010 to December 2020 from the electronic databases. A random‐effects model was used to derive pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the explored outcomes. Eventually, 18 studies, including 5101 patients, were included this study. The result of meta‐analysis showed that SIH did not increase postoperative complications (pooled OR: 1.037; 95% CI: 0.897–1.200), perioperative mortality (pooled OR: 0.942; 95% CI: 0.552–1.607), 3‐year mortality (pooled OR: 1.090; 95% CI: 0.903–1.316) or 5‐year mortality (pooled OR: 1.077; 95% CI: 0.926–1.253), as compared with STH. Subgroup analysis showed that, simultaneous major hepatectomy (SIMH) also did not increase postoperative complications (pooled OR: 0.863; 95% CI: 0.627–1.188) or perioperative mortality (pooled OR: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.290–1.637) as compared with staged major hepatectomy (STMH).ConclusionPostoperative complications, perioperative mortality and long‐term prognosis had no significant difference between SIH and STH for SCLM patients. Besides, postoperative complications and perioperative mortality also had no significant difference between SIMH and STMH.
TrackSOM: Mapping immune response dynamics through clustering of time‐course cytometry data
Authors: Putri Givanna H. , Chung Jonathan , Edwards Davis N. , Marsh‐Wakefield Felix , Koprinska Irena , Dervish Suat , King Nicholas J. C. , Ashhurst Thomas M. , Read Mark N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMapping the dynamics of immune cell populations over time or disease‐course is key to understanding immunopathogenesis and devising putative interventions. We present TrackSOM, a novel method for delineating cellular populations and tracking their development over a time‐ or disease‐course cytometry datasets. We demonstrate TrackSOM‐enabled elucidation of the immune response to West Nile Virus infection in mice, uncovering heterogeneous subpopulations of immune cells and relating their functional evolution to disease severity. TrackSOM is easy to use, encompasses few parameters, is quick to execute, and enables an integrative and dynamic overview of the immune system kinetics that underlie disease progression and/or resolution.
Roles of osteoclasts in alveolar bone remodeling
Authors: Omi Maiko , Mishina Yuji 
Published: June 2022

SummaryOsteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone, also called the alveolar process, is the part of the jawbone that holds the teeth and supports oral functions. It differs from other skeletal bones in several aspects: its embryonic cellular origin, the form of ossification, and the presence of teeth and periodontal tissues; hence, understanding the unique characteristic of the alveolar bone remodeling is important to maintain oral homeostasis. Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption is one of the prominent features of bone diseases in the jaw such as periodontitis. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive process has been the target of therapeutic intervention. Understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastic bone resorption is critical for the effective treatment of bone diseases in the jaw. In this review, we discuss basic principles of alveolar bone remodeling with a specific focus on the osteoclastic bone resorptive process and its unique functions in the alveolar bone. Lastly, we provide perspectives on osteoclast‐targeted therapies and regenerative approaches associated with bone diseases in the jaw.
DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions
Authors: Balfour Nicholas J. , Castellanos Maria Clara , Goulson Dave , Philippides Andrew , Johnson Chris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of pollinating insects to natural environments and agriculture, there have been few attempts to unite the existing plant–pollinator interaction datasets into a single depository using a common format. Accordingly, we have created one of the world's first online, open‐access, and searchable pollinator–plant interaction databases. DoPI (The Database of Pollinator Interactions) was built from a systematic review of the scientific literature and unpublished datasets requested from researchers and organizations. We collated records of interactions between British plant and insect flower–visitor species (or genera), together with associated metadata (date, location, habitat, source publication) when available. The dataset currently (December 2021) contains 101,539 records, detailing over 320,000 interactions. The number of interactions (i.e., the number of times a pairwise species interaction was recorded per occasion) varies considerably among records, averaging 3.6. These include records from 1888 pollinator species and 1241 plant species, totaling >17,000 pairwise species interactions. By combining a large volume of information in a single repository, DoPI can be used to answer fundamental ecological questions on the dynamics of pollination interactions in space and time, as well as applied questions in conservation practice. We hope this dynamic database will be a useful tool not only for researchers, but also for conservationists, funding agencies, governmental departments, beekeepers, agronomists, and gardeners. We request that this paper is cited when using the data in publications and individual studies when appropriate. Researchers and organizations are encouraged to add further data in the future. The database can be accessed at: https://www.dopi.org.uk/.