bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Exercise in the Management of Postpartum Diastasis Recti: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berg-Poppe Patti , Hauer Michaela , Jones Cassandra , Munger Mattison , Wethor Cassidy 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA) is a condition commonly prevalent in the immediate postpartum period and decreasing in prevalence during the first year after delivery. The condition is pathologic when it interferes with activities and quality of life. The condition is frequently assessed using the interrectus distance.

Objectives:
The purpose of this systematic review was to pool and analyze studies examining the use of exercise and companion modalities for the treatment of DRA among postpartum women.

Study Design:
Systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021277067).

Methods:
A systematic search for articles published in CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed was conducted. Included articles identified exercise as a component of treatment for DRA for postpartum women. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the appropriate NHLBI quality assessment tool. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane ROB-2 and ROBINS-1 tools.

Results:
The database search yielded 38 titles; 16 more were located as secondary searches. Fourteen articles remained for final inclusion: 9 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 5 cross-sectional studies. Interventions with significant DRA improvements included traditional abdominal exercises (AE) with deep core stability, AE with pelvic floor muscle exercises, crunch exercises, drawing-in exercises with AE, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation with AE. Article quality varied from poor to good across RCTs and poor to fair for non-RCTs.

Conclusion:
Although these findings support the use of AE to reduce interrectus distance and improve quality of postpartum life, future research should investigate exercise selection based on the results of more multifaceted and clinically meaningful assessments.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pelvic Girdle Pain in the Postpartum Population
Authors: Simonds Adrienne H. , Abraham Karen , Spitznagle Theresa 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is defined as pain experienced between the posterior iliac crest and the gluteal fold, particularly in the vicinity of the sacroiliac joint. Pelvic girdle pain is common postpartum, may result from pregnancy-related factors, and is a leading cause of disability postpartum. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations for physical therapist management of PGP in the postpartum population.

Key Points:
Postpartum individuals may experience PGP beginning during pregnancy, immediately after childbirth, or up to 2 years after delivery. Although most cases of PGP in pregnancy resolve spontaneously, a subset of postpartum individuals may experience persistent pain. Based upon critical appraisal of literature and expert opinion, 23 action statements for risk factors, systems screening, examination, diagnosis, prognosis, theoretical models of care, and intervention for postpartum individuals with PGP are linked with explicit levels of evidence.
A significant body of evidence exists to support physical therapist intervention with postpartum clients with PGP to reduce pain and disability. Emerging evidence suggests that further investigation of biopsychosocial factors is warranted, especially factors that influence the development of persistent pain in the postpartum population. Future research is needed in several areas to optimize examination and intervention strategies specific to postpartum individuals and guided by a classification system for PGP that includes elements of pain, movement, and biopsychosocial factors.
The authors provide clinical practice guidelines for providing physical therapy to postpartum individuals with PGP.
Helicobacter pylori‐negative Chronic Gastritis in Children
Authors: Assa Amit , Borrelli Osvaldo , Broekaert Ilse , Saccomani Marco Deganello , Dolinsek Jernej , Martin‐de‐Carpi Javier , Mas Emmanuel , Miele Erasmo , Sila Sara , Thomson Mike , Tzivinikos Christos , Benninga Marc A. ,   The Gastrointestinal Committee of ESPGHAN
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:To systematically review the current evidence on Helicobacter pylori‐negative chronic gastritis including natural history, available therapies and outcomes.Methods:Articles providing data on the prevalence, treatment or outcomes of Helicobacter pylori‐negative gastritis were identified through a systematic search in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. All original research articles from human studies until October 31, 2021, were included.Results:A total of 54 studies were included consisted of eosinophilic gastritis (n = 9), autoimmune gastritis (n = 11), collagenous gastritis (n = 16), focally enhanced gastritis (n = 6), lymphocytic gastritis (n = 5) and other causes including idiopathic gastritis and chronic renal failure related (n = 7). Most of the included studies were either cross‐sectional or longitudinal cohorts except for collagenous gastritis, which mainly included case reports and case series. The prevalence of paediatric eosinophilic gastritis ranges between 5 and 7/100,000 and patients have generally favourable outcome with 50% to 70% clinical and histological response to either corticosteroids or elimination diets. Autoimmune gastritis and collagenous gastritis are extremely rare entities, commonly present with refractory iron deficiency anaemia, while lymphocytic gastritis is relatively common (10%–45%) in children with coeliac disease. Data on treatments and outcomes of autoimmune, collagenous, and focally enhanced gastritis are lacking with limited data implying poor response to therapy in the former 2 diagnoses.Conclusions:Helicobacter pylori‐negative gastritis is uncommonly reported, mainly in small cohorts, mixed adult‐paediatric cohorts or as sporadic case reports. As common symptoms are not specific, thus not always result in an endoscopic evaluation, the true prevalence of these distinct disorders may be underestimated, and thus under reported.
Randomized Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Treatment and Online Community Support for People With HIV Attempting to Quit Smoking Cigarettes
Authors: Shuter Jonathan , Chander Geetanjali , Graham Amanda L. , Kim Ryung S. , Stanton Cassandra A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Persons with HIV (PWH) in the United States (US) smoke cigarettes at approximately triple the rate of the general adult population and are less successful in their quit attempts than other smokers. This randomized trial tested whether a novel web-based cessation program for PWH yielded higher cigarette quit rates compared with a control program.

Setting:
Two urban HIV care sites in NYC and Baltimore.

Methods:
Between 2016 and 2020, 506 PWH were randomized to either Positively Smoke Free on the Web (PSFW+; N = 255), a multimodal platform, interactive web intervention hosted within an online social network to support quitting among PWH who smoke, and an attention-matched web-based control intervention (American Heart Association Getting Healthy; N = 251). All participants were offered 12 weeks of nicotine patch. Our primary outcome was biochemically confirmed exhaled carbon monoxide < 10 parts per million (ppm) 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 months.

Results:
Participants were middle-aged (mean 50.2 years; range 23–73 years), 57% male, 19% Latinx, 83% Black, and 13% White. At 6 months, a significantly greater percentage of PSFW+ participants (14.9%) achieved biochemically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence in intent-to-treat analysis compared with 8.8% of American Heart Association Getting Healthy participants [odds ratio =1.82 (95% confidence interval =1.04 to 3.18), P = 0.03].

Conclusions:
PSFW+ is a promising cessation intervention composed of empirically tested content and real-time social support through an online social network that was found to promote abstinence. This digital approach has broad reach and scalability, can be easily integrated into comprehensive HIV care, and represents an advance in the fight against tobacco use among PWH.
Risk of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome With Integrase Inhibitors Versus Other Classes of Antiretrovirals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Zhao Ying , Hohlfeld Ameer , Namale Phiona , Meintjes Graeme , Maartens Gary , Engel Mark E. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) decrease HIV plasma viral load faster than other antiretroviral classes. More rapid viral load decline has been associated with higher risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). There are conflicting reports on the association between InSTI and IRIS. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the risk of IRIS among treatment-naive HIV-positive patients starting InSTI versus non-InSTI regimens.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa-Wide, and Cochrane databases from earliest available date to 26 November 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) having intervention arms with InSTI versus control arms without InSTI in patients initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome was relative risk (RR) of IRIS, whereas the secondary outcome was RR of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated IRIS (TB-IRIS). Data were combined by random-effects meta-analysis according to the Mantel–Haenszel method. The protocol for this study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020213976.

Results:
We included 14 RCTs comprising 8696 participants from 6 continents for the primary outcome of IRIS and a subset of 674 participants (from 3 RCTs) for the secondary outcome of paradoxical TB-IRIS. Risk of IRIS was similar between InSTI and non-InSTI regimens (RR, 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 1.14). There was a trend towards a lower risk of paradoxical TB-IRIS with InSTI versus efavirenz regimens that was not statistically significant (RR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.34 to 1.19).

Conclusions:
In this meta-analysis among treatment-naive patients commencing first-line antiretroviral therapy, InSTI regimens were not associated with higher risk of IRIS.
Bone and Lymph Node Flare to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer on 18F–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT With Decreasing Prostate-Specific Antigen of 0.7 ng/mL
Authors: Lu Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 72-year-old man with prostate cancer was found to have prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–avid oligometastasis on initial staging with 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT. Meanwhile, his prostate-specific antigen was 10.0 ng/mL, and testosterone level was 381 ng/dL. Six weeks after initiation of treatment on androgen deprivation therapy plus abiraterone, his restaging 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT showed decreased PSMA uptake in primary prostate lesion, but increased uptake in bone and lymph node metastases, whereas his prostate-specific antigen decreased to 0.7 ng/mL, and testosterone level was <3 ng/dL. This case illustrates hormone-sensitive metastatic bone and lymph node flare on 18F-PSMA PET/CT.
A new pterosaur from Skye, Scotland and the early diversification of flying reptiles
Authors: Martin-Silverstone Elizabeth , Unwin David M. , Cuff Andrew R. , Brown Emily E. , Allington-Jones Lu , Barrett Paul M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Middle Jurassic was a critical time in pterosaur evolution, witnessing the inception of major morphological innovations that underpinned successive radiations by rhamphorhynchids, basal monofenestratans and pterodactyloids. Frustratingly, this interval is particularly sparsely sampled, with a record consisting almost exclusively of isolated fragmentary remains. Here, we describe new material from the Bathonian-aged Kilmaluag Formation of Skye, Scotland, which helps to close this gap.REDACTED(gen. et sp. nov.) is based on a three-dimensionally preserved partial skeleton, which represents the first associated Middle Jurassic pterosaur.REDACTEDis one of the first pterosaurs to be fully digitally prepared and μCT scanning reveals multiple elements of the skeleton that remain fully embedded within the matrix, which are otherwise inaccessible. Novel anatomical features of this new Middle Jurassic pterosaur help to confirm the existence of the controversial clade Darwinoptera, greatly clarifying our understanding of Jurassic pterosaur evolution.
Editing the CsDMR6 Gene in Citrus Results in Resistance to the Bacterial Disease Citrus Canker
Authors: Parajuli Saroj , Huo Heqiang , Gmitter Fred G. , Duan Yongping , Luo Feng , Deng Zhanao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCitrus is one of the most important fruit crops in the world. Citrus production worldwide faces challenges from devastating bacterial diseases, including citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc). Improving citrus resistance to citrus canker and other major bacterial diseases has been a top priority in citrus biotechnology. Disabling disease susceptibility genes has emerged as a novel, promising approach to engineering disease resistance. The bottleneck for applying such an approach has been the identification of proper disease susceptibility-related genes in citrus. Here we show the first successful case of editing the CsDMR6 gene in citrus and obtaining strong resistance to citrus canker in six mutants in two citrus cultivars, ‘Duncan’ grapefruit and Carrizo citrange. Multiple types of deletions and insertions were induced in CsDMR6, resulting in frameshift of its coding region and presumably loss of gene function. The mutation frequency in most of the mutants reached 71.8% to 98.9%. The mutants showed 71.2% to 99.8% reduction in citrus canker lesion and greater than 99.7% or 2.45 to 4.95 Log10 unit reduction in Xcc bacterial cell population. Mutants also accumulated more salicylic acid and expressed much higher levels of the NPR1 gene than the wildtype with or without Xcc inoculation, which suggests potential resistance to other diseases in these mutants. The guide RNAs for targeting CsDMR6 were selected from highly conserved regions and have 100% nucleotide identity with DMR6 homologs in important citrus species; these guide RNAs are expected to work in other important citrus species and cultivars.
Optimal resistance management for mixtures of high-risk fungicides: robustness to the initial frequency of resistance and pathogen sexual reproduction
Authors: Taylor Nick P , Cunniffe Nik J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a strong consensus that selection for fungicide resistant pathogen strains can be most effectively limited by using applications of mixtures of fungicides designed to balance disease control against selection. However, how to do this in practice is not entirely characterised. Previous work indicates optimal mixtures of pairs of fungicides which are both at a high risk of resistance can be constructed using pairs of doses which select equally for both single resistant strains in the first year of application. What has not been addressed thus far is the important real-world case in which the initial levels of resistance to each fungicide differ, for example because the chemicals have been available for different lengths of time. We show how recommendations based on equal selection in the first year can be sub-optimal in this case. We introduce a simple alternative approach, based on equalising the frequencies of single resistant strains in the year that achieving acceptable levels of control is predicted to become impossible. We show that this strategy is robust to changes in parameters controlling pathogen epidemiology and fungicide efficacy. We develop our recommendation using a pre-existing, parameterised model ofZymoseptoria tritici(the pathogen causing Septoria leaf blotch on wheat), which exemplifies the range of plant pathogens which predominantly spread clonally, but for which sexual reproduction forms an important component of the life cycle. We show that pathogen sexual reproduction can influence the rate at which fungicide resistance develops, but does not qualitatively affect our optimal resistance management recommendation.
Quantitatively defining species boundaries with more efficiency and more biological realism
Authors: Douglas Jordan , Bouckaert Remco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce a widely applicable species delimitation method based on the multispecies coalescent model that is more efficient and more biologically realistic than existing methods. We extend the phylogenetic tree collapse model to the Yule-skyline model, allowing the ancestral speciation rate to vary through time as a smooth piecewise function. Furthermore, we introduce the cutting-edge proposal kernels of StarBeast3 to this model, thus enabling rapid species delimitation on large molecular datasets and allowing the use of relaxed molecular clock models. We validate these methods with genomic sequence data and SNP data, and show they are more efficient than existing methods at achieving parameter convergence during Bayesian MCMC. Lastly, we apply these methods to two datasets and find inconsistencies with the published literature. Our methods are powerful for rapid quantitative testing of species boundaries in large multilocus datasets and are implemented as an open source BEAST 2 package called SPEEDEMON.
Dissociable roles of theta and alpha in sub-second and supra-second time reproduction: An investigation of their links to depression and anxiety
Authors: Liang Mingli , Lomayesva Sara , Isham Eve A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Striatal Beat Frequency model (Matell & Meck, 2004) suggests that multiple cortical oscillators contribute to human temporal cognition. Based on the theory, the current study examined the interactions between interval timing and neural oscillations, as predicted by timing deficits found in neuropsychiatric conditions. The interaction is predicted to manifest in frontal-midline theta and occipital alpha oscillations, which are two important cortical oscillatory sources engaged in working memory and time perception. Therefore, the main goal of the study is to examine how depression and anxiety modulate frontal-midline theta and occipital data during the encoding of sub- and supra-second intervals. In the current study, participants reproduced sub- (400, 600, 800ms) and supra-second (1600, 1800, 2000ms) intervals while they underwent scalp EEG recordings. Anxiety and depression levels were measured via self-report psychometrics. We found that higher levels of self-reported anxiety and depression were associated with shorter reproduction of lengths of durations. Further, time-frequency analysis of scalp EEG revealed a dissociation where state anxiety altered the links between frontal-midline theta power and sub-second interval reproduction, while depression and trait anxiety altered the association between occipital alpha power and supra-second interval reproduction. Our results suggest that anxiety and depression alter time perception, and this differentially relates to frontal-midline theta and occipital alpha as substrates for sub- and supra-second interval timing.
Heated tobacco products and a telemedicine smoking cessation programme: A retrospective study
Authors: Nomura Akihiro , Ikeda Takaaki , Fujimoto Toshiki , Morita Yusaku , Taniguchi Chie , Ishizawa Tetsuro , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesJapan is one of the largest markets for heated tobacco products (HTP), and the number of HTP users, including dual users, is burgeoning. However, it is not yet clear whether a telemedicine smoking cessation programme is helpful for nicotine-dependent people who use HTPs.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of a telemedicine smoking cessation programme for nicotine-dependent tobacco product users, comparing short- and long-term continuous abstinence rates (CAR) from 9 to 24 weeks (CAR9-24) and 9 to 52 weeks (CAR9-52). We divided programme participants into 1) exclusively cigarette users, 2) exclusively HTP users, and 3) dual users. Using logistic regression with inverse probability weighting, an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for CAR was calculated to compare the differences among the three groups.ResultsWe analysed 733 telemedicine smoking cessation programme participants (exclusively cigarette users, 52%; exclusively HTP users, 31%; and dual-users, 16%) dating August 2018 to October 2020. HTP users had higher CARs than the exclusively cigarettes group in CAR9-24 (aOR, 1.12; CI, 1.02–1.23; p=0.02) and CAR9-52 (aOR 1.09; CI, 0.99–1.19; p=0.08). Conversely, dual users had lower CARs than the exclusively cigarettes group in the CAR9-24 (aOR, 0.85; CI, 0.76–0.95; p=0.004) and CAR9-52 (aOR, 0.88; CI, 0.79–0.97; p=0.01).ConclusionsExclusively HTP users achieved higher CARs, whereas dual users had lower CARs than exclusively cigarette users over short- and long-term periods. A telemedicine smoking cessation programme may be a reasonable option for exclusively HTP users.Key messagesWhat is already known on this topicTelemedicine smoking cessation programmes can be helpful for some nicotine-dependent people.What this study addsExclusively HTP users had higher continuous abstinence rates (CARs) than the exclusively cigarettes group. Conversely, dual users had lower CARs than the exclusively cigarettes group. A telemedicine smoking cessation programme may be a reasonable option for exclusive HTP users.How this study might affect research, practice, or policyIn addition to conventional combustible cigarettes, the number of HTP users, including dual users, is burgeoning in Japan. This study could add an effective and alternative option for HTP users to remotely quit smoking in the era of COVID-19 and beyond.