Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Kotoran Kelelawar terhadap Pertumbuhan Sambung Pucuk Tanaman Kakao Klon M-45
Authors: Muhammad Naim  
Published: February 2022

Kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang peranannya cukup penting bagi perekonomian nasional, khususnya sebagai penyedia lapangan kerja, sumber pendapatan dan devisa negara. Disamping itu kakao juga berperan dalam mendorong pengembangan wilayah dan pengembangan agroindustri, khususnya daerah Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Sebagai komoditas terpenting ketiga setelah karet dan kelapa sawit, kakao merupakan salah satu sumber utama pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Optimalisasi pemanfaatan kotoran kelelawar terhadap pertumbuhan sambung pucuk tanaman kakao klon M-45. (2) Untuk mengetahui dosis kotoran kelelawar yang efektif terhadap pertumbuhan sambung pucuk tanaman kakao klon M-45. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan Percobaan I Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo, di Kelurahan To’ Bulung, Kecamatan Bara, Kota Palopo, dimulai bulan Desember 2019 sampai Februari 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, sehingga dalam penelitian ini terdapat 24 unit percobaan, setiap unit percobaan terdapat 2 sampel tanaman sehingga terdapat 48 sampel tanaman pengamatan. Percobaan yang diberikan yaitu, P0: Tanpa perlakuan, P1: Pemberian kotoran kelelawar 225 gram, P2: Pemberian kotoran kelelawar 250 gram, P3: Pemberian kotoran kelelawar 275 gram, P4: Pemberian kotoran kelelawar 300 gram, P5: Pemberian kotoran kelelawar 325 gram. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan sambung pucuk tanaman kakao Klon M-45. Perlakuan P5 dengan dosis kotoran kelelawar 325 gram memberi respon terbaik pada pertumbuhan panjang tunas: 13,88 cm, jumlah daun: 14,50 helai, diameter tunas: 1,08 cm. Hari muncul tunas terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan P2: 16,00. Hal ini diduga karena terpenuhinya unsur hara terhadap pertumbuhan sambung pucuk tanaman kakao klon M-45.
Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities whose role is quite important for the national economy, especially as a provider of employment, a source of income and foreign exchange. Besides that, cocoa also plays a role in encouraging regional development and agro-industry development, especially in Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and South Sulawesi. As the third most important commodity after rubber and oil palm, cocoa is one of the main sources of income for farmers. This study aims to determine: (1) Optimizing the use of bat manure on the growth of shoot grafting of the M-45 clone of cocoa plants. (2) To determine the effective dose of bat manure on the growth of shoot grafting of M-45 clones of cocoa. This research was conducted at Experimental Field I, Faculty of Agriculture, Cokroaminoto University, Palopo, in To' Bulung Village, Bara District, Palopo City, starting from December 2019 to February 2020. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK). This study consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replications, so that in this study there were 24 experimental units, each experimental unit contained 2 plant samples so that there were 48 samples of observed plants. The treatments namely, P0: No treatment, P1: 225 grams of bat manure, P2: 250 grams of bat manure, P3: 275 grams of bat manure, P4: 300 grams of bat manure, P5: 325 grams of bat manure. The results of this study showed no significant effect on the growth of the buds of the M-45 clone of cocoa plants. P5 treatment with a dose of 325 grams of bat dung gave the best response to the growth of shoot length: 13.88 cm, number of leaves: 14.50 strands, shoot diameter: 1.08 cm. The day the best shoots appeared was treatment P2: 16.00. This is due to the fulfillment of nutrients for the growth of shoot grafting of cocoa clones M-45.