bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in Households With Children, Los Angeles, California
Authors: Tanaka Melissa Lucero , Marentes Ruiz Carolyn Jennifer , Malhotra Sanchi , Turner Lauren , Peralta Ariana , Lee Yesun , Jumarang Jaycee , Perez Stephanie E. , Navarro Jocelyn , Dien Bard Jennifer , Gordon Aubree , Allen E. Kaitlynn , Thomas Paul G. , Pannaraj Pia S. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Studies of household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) focused on households with children are limited. We investigated household secondary attack rate (SAR), transmission dynamics, and contributing factors in households with children.Materials and Methods: In this prospective case-ascertained study in Los Angeles County, California, all households members were enrolled if ≥1 member tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nasopharyngeal PCRs, serology, and symptom data were obtained over multiple visits.Results: A total of 489 individuals in 105 households were enrolled from June to December 2020. The majority (77.3%) reported a household annual income of &lt;$50,000, and most (92.9%) were of Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity. Children &lt;18 years old accounted for 46.9% index cases, of whom 45.3% were asymptomatic. Household index cases were predominantly children during low community transmission and adults during the high community transmission period (χ2 = 7.647, p = 0.0036. The mean household SAR was 77.0% (95% CI: 69.4–84.6%). Child and adult index cases both efficiently transmitted SARS-CoV-2 within households [81.9%, (95% CI: 72.1–91.9%) vs. 72.4% (95% CI: 59.8–85.1%), p = 0.23]. Household income and pets were significantly associated with higher SAR in the multivariable analysis of household factors (p = 0.0013 and 0.004, respectively).Conclusions: The SAR in households with children in an urban setting with a large ethnic minority population is much higher than previously described. Children play important roles as index cases. SAR was disproportionately impacted by household income. Vaccination and public health efforts need special focus on children and vulnerable communities to help mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread.
Resolvin D1 Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Wang Menglong , Zhang Jishou , Zhao Mengmeng , Liu Jianfang , Ye Jing , Xu Yao , Wang Zhen , Ye Di , Li Dan , Wan Jun 
Published: January 2022

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a lipid mediator that promotes resolution of inflammation. However, the function of RvD1 in doxorubicin- (Dox-) induced cardiotoxicity remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate whether RvD1 could attenuate Dox-induced cardiac injury. The mice were divided into three groups: control, Dox (20 mg/kg, once, intraperitoneally), and Dox + RvD1. RvD1 (2.5 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected daily for 5 days. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the cardiac function, and the heart tissue and serum samples were collected for further analyses. The results showed that RvD1 attenuated the decreased ratio of heart weight/body weight and heart weight/tibia length, the increased level of creatine kinase and activity of lactate dehydrogenase after Dox treatment. RvD1 improved the ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricular and attenuated the severity of apoptosis induced by Dox. As for the underlying pathways, the results showed that RvD1 reduced the expression of IL-1 and IL-6, and attenuated the phosphorylation of P65 in cardiac tissue. RvD1 attenuated the oxidative stress induced by Dox, as demonstrated by the attenuated levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, decreased expression of Nox-2 and Nox-4 and increased expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1. In addition, RvD1 also inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Dox. These results indicate the potential therapeutic benefits of RvD1 in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in mice, and the mechanism may be related to the attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
A Non-Invasive Method for Detection of Antihypertensive Drugs in Biological Fluids: The Salivary Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Avataneo Valeria , Fanelli Elvira , De Nicolò Amedeo , Rabbia Franco , Palermiti Alice , Pappaccogli Marco , Cusato Jessica , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , D'Avolio Antonio , Veglio Franco 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Arterial hypertension is still the most frequent cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Antihypertensive treatment has proved effective in reduction of cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, lifestyle interventions and pharmacological therapy in some cases are ineffective in reaching blood pressure target values, despite full dose and poly-pharmacological treatment. Poor adherence to medications is an important cause of treatment failure. Different methods to assess therapeutic adherence are currently available: Therapeutic drug monitoring in biological fluids has previously demonstrated its efficacy and reliability. Plasma and urine have been already used for this purpose, but they may be affected by some practical limitations. Saliva may represent a feasible alternative.Methods: Fourteen antihypertensive drugs and two metabolites were simultaneously tested in plasma, urine, and saliva. Tested molecules included: atenolol, nebivolol, clonidine, ramipril, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, amlodipine, nifedipine, doxazosin, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, sacubitril, ramiprilat, and sacubitrilat. Therapeutic drug monitoring was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method has been preliminarily evaluated in a cohort of hypertensive patients.Results: The method has been validated according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. The application on a cohort of 32 hypertensive patients has demonstrated sensibility and specificity of 98% and 98.1%, respectively, with a good feasibility in real-life clinical practice.Conclusion: Saliva may represent a feasible biological sample for therapeutic drug monitoring by non-invasive collection, prompt availability, and potential accessibility also in out-of-clinic settings.
Insights on Cancer Cell Inhibition, Subcellular Activities, and Kinase Profile of Phenylacetamides Pending 1H-Imidazol-5-One Variants
Authors: Khayat Maan T. , Omar Abdelsattar M. , Ahmed Farid , Khan Mohammad I. , Ibrahim Sara M. , Muhammad Yosra A. , Malebari Azizah M. , Neamatallah Thikryat , El-Araby Moustafa E. 
Published: January 2022

Structural changes of small-molecule drugs may bring interesting biological properties, especially in the field of kinase inhibitors. We sought to study tirbanibulin, a first-in-class dual Src kinase (non-ATP competitive)/tubulin inhibitor because there was not enough reporting about its structure–activity relationships (SARs). In particular, the present research is based on the replacement of the outer ring of the biphenyl system of 2-[(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl]-N-benzylacetamide, the identified pharmacophore of KX chemotype, with a heterocyclic ring. The newly synthesized compounds showed a range of activities in cell-based anticancer assays, agreeing with a clear SAR profile. The most potent compound, (Z)-N-benzyl-4-[4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]phenylacetamide (KIM-161), demonstrated cytotoxic IC50 values at 294 and 362 nM against HCT116 colon cancer and HL60 leukemia cell lines, respectively. Profiling of this compound (aqueous solubility, liver microsomal stability, cytochrome P450 inhibition, reactivity with reduced glutathione, and plasma protein binding) confirmed its adequate drug-like properties. Mechanistic studies revealed that this compound does not depend on tubulin or Src kinase inhibition as a factor in forcing HL60 to exit its cell cycle and undergo apoptosis. Instead, KIM-161 downregulated several other kinases such as members of BRK, FLT, and JAK families. It also strongly suppresses signals of ERK1/2, GSK-3α/β, HSP27, and STAT2, while it downregulated AMPKα1 phosphorylation within the HL60 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that phenylacetamide-1H-imidazol-5-one (KIM-161) could be a promising lead compound for further clinical anticancer drug development.
The Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Activities of Daily Life in Elderly Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Paneroni Mara , Scalvini Simonetta , Corrà Ugo , Lovagnini Marta , Maestri Roberto , Mazza Antonio , Raimondo Rosa , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , La Rovere Maria Teresa 
Published: January 2022

Background: In elderly chronic heart failure (HF) patients, activities of daily living (ADLs) require the use of a high proportion of patients’ peak aerobic capacity, heart rate, and ventilation.Objectives: To assess the effects of short-term comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on the metabolic requirement of ADLs in elderly patients with chronic HF.Methods: The study population comprised 99 elderly chronic HF patients (mean age 72 ± 5 years, 80% male, 61% ejection fraction &lt;40%, mean NT-proBNP 2,559 ± 4,511 pg/ml) participating in a short-term (mean days 19 ± 7) residential CR program. Before and after CR, participants, while wearing a portable ergospirometer, performed a standardized ADL battery: ADL1 (getting dressed), ADL2 (folding 8 towels), ADL3 (putting away 6 bottles), ADL4 (making a bed), ADL5 (sweeping the floor for 4 min), ADL6 (climbing 1 flight of stairs carrying a 1.5 Kg load), and ADL7 (a standard 6-min walking test).Results: After CR, task-related oxygen uptake did not change in any of the domestic ADLs. Notably, there was a significant decrease in the cumulative time required to perform ADLs (ADL 1–4 and ADL6; from 412 ± 147 to 388 ± 141 s, p = 0.001) and a reduction in maximal heart rate in ADL1 and 3 (p = 0.005 and p = 0.027, respectively). Changes occurred in the 6MWT with an increase in oxygen uptake (p = 0.005) and in the distance covered (p &lt; 0.001) and a significant decrease in the Borg scale of dyspnea (p = 0.004).Conclusion: Elderly patients with chronic heart failure who are engaged in a short-term residential CR program improve the performance of routine ADLs.
Association of ZFHX3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Extra-Pulmonary Vein Triggers in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Underwent Catheter Ablation
Authors: Hwang Inseok , Kwon Oh-Seok , Hong Myunghee , Yang Song-Yi , Park Je-Wook , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: January 2022

Background: The ZFHX3 gene (16q22) is the second most highly associated gene with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is related to inflammation and fibrosis. We hypothesized that ZFHX3 is associated with extra-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers, left atrial (LA) structural remodeling, and poor rhythm outcomes of AF catheter ablation (AFCA).Methods: We included 1,782 patients who underwent a de novo AFCA (73.5% male, 59.4 ± 10.8 years old, 65.9% paroxysmal AF) and genome-wide association study and divided them into discovery (n = 891) and replication cohorts (n = 891). All included patients underwent isoproterenol provocation tests and LA voltage mapping. We analyzed the ZFHX3, extra-PV trigger-related factors, and rhythm outcomes.Result: Among 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ZFHX3, rs13336412, rs61208973, rs2106259, rs12927436, and rs1858801 were associated with extra-PV triggers. In the overall patient group, extra-PV triggers were independently associated with the ZFHX3 polygenic risk score (PRS) (OR 1.65 [1.22–2.22], p = 0.001, model 1) and a low LA voltage (OR 0.74 [0.56–0.97], p = 0.029, model 2). During 49.9 ± 40.3 months of follow-up, clinical recurrence of AF was significantly higher in patients with extra-PV triggers (Log-rank p &lt; 0.001, HR 1.89 [1.49–2.39], p &lt; 0.001, model 1), large LA dimensions (Log-rank p &lt; 0.001, HR 1.03 [1.01–1.05], p = 0.002, model 2), and low LA voltages (Log-rank p &lt; 0.001, HR 0.73 [0.61–0.86], p &lt; 0.001, model 2) but not the ZFHX3 PRS (Log-rank p = 0.819).Conclusion: The extra-PV triggers had significant associations with both ZFHX3 genetic polymorphisms and acquired LA remodeling. Although extra-PV triggers were an independent predictor of AF recurrence after AFCA, the studied AF risk SNPs intronic in ZFHX3 were not associated with AF recurrence.
Stronger Prejudices Are Associated With Decreased Model-Based Control
Authors: Sebold Miriam , Chen Hao , Önal Aleyna , Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Mojtahedzadeh Negin , Garbusow Maria , Nebe Stephan , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Huys Quentin J. M. , Schlagenhauf Florian , Rapp Michael A. , Smolka Michael N. , Heinz Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Background:Prejudices against minorities can be understood as habitually negative evaluations that are kept in spite of evidence to the contrary. Therefore, individuals with strong prejudices might be dominated by habitual or “automatic” reactions at the expense of more controlled reactions. Computational theories suggest individual differences in the balance between habitual/model-free and deliberative/model-based decision-making.Methods:127 subjects performed the two Step task and completed the blatant and subtle prejudice scale.Results:By using analyses of choices and reaction times in combination with computational modeling, subjects with stronger blatant prejudices showed a shift away from model-based control. There was no association between these decision-making processes and subtle prejudices.Conclusion:These results support the idea that blatant prejudices toward minorities are related to a relative dominance of habitual decision-making. This finding has important implications for developing interventions that target to change prejudices across societies.
A Naturalistic, European Multi-Center Clinical Study of Electrodermal Reactivity and Suicide Risk Among Patients With Depression
Authors: Carli Vladimir , Hadlaczky Gergo , Petros Nuhamin Gebrewold , Iosue Miriam , Zeppegno Patrizia , Gramaglia Carla , Amore Mario , Baca-Garcia Enrique , Batra Anil , Cosman Doina , Courtet Philippe , Di Sciascio Guido , Ekstrand Joakim , Galfalvy Hanga , Gusmão Ricardo , Jesus Catarina , Heitor Maria João , Constante Miguel , Rad Pouya Movahed , Saiz Pilar A. , Wojnar Marcin , Sarchiapone Marco 
Published: January 2022

Background:Electrodermal hyporeactivity has been proposed as a marker of suicidal risk. The EUDOR-A study investigated the prevalence of electrodermal hyporeactivity among patients with depression and its association with attempted and completed suicide.Methods:Between August 2014 and March 2016, 1,573 in- and outpatients with a primary diagnosis of depression (active or remission phase) were recruited at 15 European psychiatric centers. Each patient was followed-up for 1 year. Electrodermal activity was assessed at baseline with the ElectroDermal Orienting Reactivity Test. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and treatment of the subjects were also collected. The severity of the depressive symptoms was assessed through the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Information regarding number, time, and method of suicide attempts was gathered at baseline and at the end of the 1-year follow-up. The same data were collected in case of completed suicide.Results:Hyporeactive patients were shown to be significantly more at risk of suicide attempt compared to reactive patients, both at baseline and follow-up. A sensitivity of 29.86% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.77% were found for attempted suicide at baseline, while a sensitivity of 35.36% and a PPV of 8.92% were found for attempted suicide at follow-up. The sensitivity and PPV for completed suicide were 25.00 and 0.61%, respectively. However, when controlled for suicide attempt at baseline, the association between hyporeactivity and follow-up suicide attempt was no longer significant. The low number of completed suicides did not allow any analysis.
Looking Into Recent Suicide Rates and Trends in Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lew Bob , Kõlves Kairi , Lester David , Chen Won Sun , Ibrahim Nurashikin bt , Khamal Noor Raihan bt , Mustapha Feisul , Chan Caryn Mei Hsien , Ibrahim Norhayati , Siau Ching Sin , Chan Lai Fong 
Published: January 2022

Background:Suicide is a preventable cause of death. Examining suicide rates and trends are important in shaping national suicide prevention strategies. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze age-standardized suicide trends of Malaysia between 2000 and 2019 using the WHO Global Health Estimates data, and to compare the 2019 rate with countries from the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Muslim majority countries, and the Group of Seven (G7).Methods:The age-standardized suicide rates data were extracted from the WHO Global Health Estimates. We calculated the average age-standardized suicide rates of the last 3 years from 2017 to 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to calculate the average annual percentage change (APC) of the age-standardized suicide rates in Malaysia from 2000 to 2019.Results:Between 2000 and 2019, the minimum and maximum suicide rates for both sexes in Malaysia were 4.9 and 6.1 per 100,000 population respectively, whilst the past 3-year (2017–2019) average rates were 5.6, 8.8, and 2.4 for both sexes, males, and females, respectively. The suicide rates decreased significantly for both sexes between 2000 and 2013. Between 2014 and 2019, the suicide rates increased significantly for males. In 2019, Malaysia recorded the rate of 5.8 per 100,000 population, with an estimated 1,841 suicide deaths, i.e., ~5 deaths per day. The Malaysian suicide rate was the second highest amongst selected Muslim majority countries, in the middle range amongst ASEAN countries, and lower than all G7 countries except Italy.Conclusions:There is a need to further explore factors contributing to the higher suicide rates among Malaysian males. In light of the rising suicide rates in Malaysia, national mental health and suicide prevention initiatives are discussed and the importance of high-quality suicide surveillance data is emphasized.
The Association Between Dry Eye Disease With Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Disturbance During COVID-19
Authors: He Qing , Chen Zhuo , Xie Caiyuan , Liu Lin , Wei Ruihua 
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) with anxiety and depression. Additionally, the mediating effect of sleep quality on this relationship was explored.Methods: 321 patients with DED were recruited from Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital clinic and surveyed using demographic questionnaires, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Regression analysis and the bootstrap method were used to investigate the influence of sleep on the relationship between DED, anxiety and depression.Results: Among the patients with DED, 86 (26.79%), 85 (26.48%), and 54 (16.82%) patients presented with anxiety, depression, and both anxiety and depression respectively. The OSDI and PSQI score were positively correlated with depression and anxiety (all p &lt; 0.01). The direct effects of OSDI on depression and anxiety were significant (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, the bootstrap test showed significant mediating effects of subjective sleep quality [95% CI [0.003–0.016] (depression); [0.001–0.011] (anxiety)] and sleep latency [95% CI [0.001–0.010] (depression); [0.001–0.008] (anxiety)]. These results indicated that the severity of DED symptoms, as measured by the OSDI score, affected anxiety and depression through a direct and an indirect pathway mediated by subjective sleep quality and sleep latency.Conclusions: The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between DED and anxiety and depression. Moreover, subjective sleep quality and sleep latency were a mediator of the relationship between DED symptoms and anxiety and depression.
ANALISIS SUMBER DAYA INTERNAL GUNA MEMBANGUN STRATEGI PEMASARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELI
Authors: Adinda Rizka , Barkah Cecep Safa'atul , Herawaty Tetty , Auliana Lina 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi minat beli konsumen Brekele Chips dan mengusulkan strategi pemasaran yang tepat untuk dapat Brekele Chips terapkan guna meningkatkan minat beli konsumennya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 123 penduduk Jawa Barat pada kelompok usia remaja yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam dengan Brekele Chips dan penyebaran kuesioner ke sampel penelitian. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis internal based resources, analisis valuable, rare, costly to imitate, dan non-substitutable, analisis sustainable competitive advantage, dan analisis strengths, weakness, opportunities, dan threats. Berdasarkan analisis sumber daya internal yang dimiliki, hasil menunjukkan bahwa Brekele Chips dapat menerapkan suatu strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan minat beli konsumennya melalui pengadaan event marketing creative challenge. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the buying interest of Brekele Chips consumers and propose the right marketing strategy to be able to apply Brekele Chips to increase consumer buying interest. This research uses descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample in this study amounted to 123 residents of West Java in the adolescent age group obtained through purposive sampling technique. The type of data used is primary data obtained from in-depth interviews with Brekele Chips and distributing questionnaires to the research sample. The data analysis method uses internal based resources analysis, valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable analysis, analysis of sustainable competitive advantage, and analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Based on the analysis of its internal resources, the results show that Brekele Chips can implement a marketing strategy to increase consumer buying interest through the provision of creative challenge marketing events.