bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Machine Learning for the Stability Analysis of Rotary‐straightened Steel Members with Multiple Stiffness Reduction Models
Authors: Koh Hyeyoung , Rosson Barry T. , Blum Hannah B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRotary straightened structural steel cross‐sections have a different residual stress pattern compared to those without rotary straightening, which affects structural behavior, especially in members subjected to inelastic buckling. A stiffness reduction material model for rotary‐straightened hot rolled sections was previously developed and validated for a specific set of cross‐section sizes and load conditions. Previous research has indicated that the current stiffness reduction model specified in Chapter C of AISC 360 for stability design does not accurately capture the stiffness reduction of rotary straightened W‐shapes. Particularly, the current stiffness reduction model does not always derive conservative capacity compared with the model for rotary straightened sections. This paper explores machine learning for predicting the beam‐column capacity considering different stiffness reduction models and estimating their limit load capacity. Two extreme gradient boosting models were developed for beam‐columns under major or minor axis bending. The dataset contained 1,296 finite element simulations for beam‐columns with a range of different cross‐section geometries. Excellent prediction accuracy of the developed machine learning models showed the potential of using machine learning for the stability analysis of rotary‐straightened members.
On the Development of Artificial Neural Network Models of the Critical Moment of Tapered Beams
Authors: Couto Carlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe design of steel structures using elements with non‐uniform geometry is common in practice, both for aesthetic reasons and material optimization. Tapered beams are one of such examples which are widely used. This work is focused on the development of artificial neural networks to predict the critical moment of tapered beams subject to bending moments applied at the extremities since no analytical methods are currently available. Almost 70k data samples were calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with shell elements and were used to train and validate the neural network models. The definition of the data samples was based on a random generation procedure with constrained geometric proportions to reduce their number. The accuracy of the developed model is further illustrated on some particular cases and against the FE results of other authors.Finally, it is demonstrated that neural network models are fast and reliable assessment tools that can be employed during the search of optimal structural solutions in the early design stages.
A Consistent Approach for Stability Verification of Steel Structures
Authors: Nonn Jonas , Wilden Vera , Feldmann Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe “General Method” according to chapter 6.3.4 of EN1993‐1‐1 [1] or 8.3.4 of prEN1993‐1‐1 [2] deals with the verification of stability problems of frame and beam structures with loadings in‐plane. The “General method” according to Eurocode is intended for the general case of a combined moment and normal force. For the choice of the reduction factor χop, there are two options for applying the reduction curve, either the minimum of that of lateral torsional buckling (LTB) and flexural buckling (FB) or a weighted combination of both. With the use of analytical derivations, it can be shown that this approach leads to inconsistencies which can possibly lead to incorrect results. The intended generality of the EC3 formulation therefore should be put under scrutinizing. The approach presented in this paper can solve this problem and leads to unification, which allows the verification of stability of e.g. an entire frame system directly and without interaction factors (as in the equivalent member method). In addition, the issue of a consistent equivalent imperfection is addressed. With the use of the General Method non‐linear analyses of structures showing out‐of‐plane instability can be omitted; only an in‐plane calculation and a determination of the critical load is necessary. Finally, examples are presented in this paper that demonstrate the application of the approach shown.
Cytohistologic immunohistochemical correlation of epithelial tubo‐ovarian neoplasms: Can cell blocks substitute for tissue?
Authors: Lou Si Kei , Hodgson Anjelica , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon , Schwock Joerg , Olkhov‐Mitsel Ekaterina , Mirkovic Jelena , Ghorab Zeina 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCytologic specimens often represent the initial diagnostic material for tubo‐ovarian neoplasms resulting from therapeutic paracentesis for patients presenting with high‐volume ascites. However, subtyping and immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization, which have implications in preoperative management and downstream ancillary testing, are not routinely performed in many institutions. This study aims to perform cytohistologic correlation of commonly used IHC stains to establish their reliability in peritoneal fluids/washing specimens.MethodsA retrospective search of the laboratory information systems was performed to identify peritoneal fluid/washing specimens involved by borderline or malignant epithelial tubo‐ovarian neoplasms and concurrent/subsequent surgical resection specimens. Cell blocks and tissue were stained for PAX8, WT‐1, p53, p16, Napsin‐A, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor, and staining between cytological and surgical specimens was compared.ResultsA total of 56 case pairs were included, with the following final diagnoses on histological examination: 37 high‐grade serous carcinomas, eight clear cell carcinomas, one endometrioid adenocarcinoma, two low‐grade serous carcinomas, and eight serous borderline tumors. There was perfect cytohistologic correlation for PAX8 (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient [LINCCC] = 1.00) and WT‐1 (LINCCC = 1.00), substantial/good correlation for p53 (LINCCC = 0.96), p16 (LINCCC = 0.93), napsin‐A (LINCCC = 0.91) and ER (LINCCC = 0.77), and moderate correlation for PR (LINCCC = 0.54).ConclusionsImmunohistochemical correlation between peritoneal fluid and surgical resection specimens for tubo‐ovarian neoplasms is high. Common subtypes of tubo‐ovarian carcinomas can be reliably distinguished on fluids using IHC.
Monoclonal antibody‐mediated immunosuppression enables long‐term survival of transplanted human neural stem cells in mouse brain
Authors: McGinley Lisa M. , Chen Kevin S. , Mason Shayna N. , Rigan Diana M. , Kwentus Jacquelin F. , Hayes John M. , Glass Emily D. , Reynolds Evan L. , Murphy Geoffrey G. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the field of stem cell therapy advances, it is important to develop reliable methods to overcome host immune responses in animal models. This ensures survival of transplanted human stem cell grafts and enables predictive efficacy testing. Immunosuppressive drugs derived from clinical protocols are frequently used but are often inconsistent and associated with toxic side effects. Here, using a molecular imaging approach, we show that immunosuppression targeting costimulatory molecules CD4 and CD40L enables robust survival of human xenografts in mouse brain, as compared to conventional tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil.MethodsHuman neural stem cells were modified to express green fluorescent protein and firefly luciferase. Cells were implanted in the fimbria fornix of the hippocampus and viability assessed by non‐invasive bioluminescent imaging. Cell survival was assessed using traditional pharmacologic immunosuppression as compared to monoclonal antibodies directed against CD4 and CD40L. This paradigm was also implemented in a transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model.ResultsGraft rejection occurs within 7 days in non‐immunosuppressed mice and within 14 days in mice on a traditional regimen. The addition of dual monoclonal antibody immunosuppression extends graft survival past 7 weeks (p< .001) on initial studies. We confirm dual monoclonal antibody treatment is superior to either antibody alone (p< .001). Finally, we demonstrate robust xenograft survival at multiple cell doses up to 6 months in both C57BL/6J mice and a transgenic Alzheimer's disease model (p< .001). The dual monoclonal antibody protocol demonstrated no significant adverse effects, as determined by complete blood counts and toxicity screen.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an effective immunosuppression protocol for preclinical testing of stem cell therapies. A transition towards antibody‐based strategies may be advantageous by enabling stem cell survival in preclinical studies that could inform future clinical trials.
Genetic algorithm for the design of a multiband microstrip antenna with self‐avoiding geometry obtained by backtracking
Authors: Pérez‐Moroyoqui René , Rodríguez‐Romo Suemi , Ibáñez‐Orozco Oscar 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe growth of small communication devices has pushed designers to design compact‐size antennas. These antennas must be low cost, lightweight, needed for mechanically robust construction, and ease of installation. In this paper, we use a novel genetic algorithm (GA) to produce an ensemble of compact self‐avoiding (SA) antennas such that the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 2 at the desired frequencies (as a measure of efficiency); an optimization criterion to get a desirable multiband antenna in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. First, the electromagnetic properties of these antennas are simulated using the method of moments in MATLAB. SA antennas form a particular set of dipoles introduced here by applying a novel backtracking algorithm. We also use a Lindenmayer system that generates the geometries by a Turtle graphics render to reach our goal. Next, we simulate the VSWR for 150,000 SA antennas with lengths from 0.1 to 0.4 m; 10 different frequencies are chosen randomly within the UHF band to obtain our results. All the VSWR 2 are clustered using density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN), so our method provides the frequency ranges where this condition is fulfilled. From this, we obtain the VSWR minimums used for the antenna design. Finally, as an instance, we use our results to select the appropriate size of a multiband antenna and, through genetic algorithms, modify the geometry to satisfy the design requirements.
Incobotulinum toxin A: A shelf‐stable, low‐molecular‐weight formulation
Authors: Eells Annica C. , Grunebaum Lisa D. , Howard Brittany E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince its development in 2005, incobotulinum toxin A (INCO) has become one of the most widely used neurotoxins worldwide for aesthetic and therapeutic indications. It was initially designed as a formulation free of complex proteins for reduced immunogenicity with an equal action and strength profile to the original and widespread onabotulinum toxin A (ONA). Multiple trials have demonstrated equivalent efficacy. Several studies have suggested a slight decrease in the time of visible treatment onset with INCO and a subsequent lack of difference in duration of effects when compared with ONA. Particularly appreciable with therapeutic doses, utilization of INCO led to significant cost savings over ONA or abobotulinum toxin A. Karschney et al. found that for the treatment of cervical dystonia and chronic migraine the cost to patients was reduced by 32.2% compared to ONA. Additionally, the ONA formulation allows for long‐term storage at room temperature along with an increased stability time once reconstituted. Limitations of INCO include a similar side effect profile to other neurotoxin formulations, more likely at therapeutic dosing. Indications approved by the Federal Drug Administration in the United States and other regulatory agencies are currently more limited than those of ONA, though this may be in direct relation to the length of time on the market. INCO has overall been demonstrated to be a safe, efficacious alternative to other common neurotoxin formulations.
Does fluctuating selection maintain variation in nest defense behavior in Arctic peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius)?
Authors: Gulotta Nick A. , Mathot Kimberley J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBehavioral expression can vary both within‐ (i.e., plasticity) and among‐individuals (i.e., animal personality), and understanding the causes and consequences of variation at each of these levels is a major area of investigation in contemporary behavioral ecology. Here, we studied sources of variation in both plasticity and personality in nest defense behavior in Arctic peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) in two consecutive years. We found that peregrines adjusted their nest defense in response to nesting stage and year, revealing plastic, state‐dependent, adjustment of nest defense. At the same time, nest defense behavior was repeatable in peregrine falcons both within and between years. We tested if fluctuating selection on behavioral types (i.e., individuals average phenotypic expression) and/or assortative mating acted to maintain long‐term among‐individual differences in nest defense behavior. We found that selection on female nest defense differed across years; being positive in 1 year and negative in the other. We also found support for assortative mating in the first year, but disassortative mating in the second. We propose two potential explanations for the observed year‐specific patterns of nonrandom mating: (1) year‐specific plastic adjustment of nest defense and/or (2) changes in the age‐structure of the breeding population. These posthoc explanations are speculative, and require further study. Unfortunately, we could not evaluate this directly with the available data, and future studies are needed with more than 2 years of data on nest‐defense and fitness outcomes, and with a larger number of marked individuals, to properly evaluate these potential explanations.
Exercise feature and predictor of prognosis in patients with pulmonary artery stenosis‐associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Li Xin , Duan Anqi , Jin Qi , Zhang Yi , Luo Qin , Zhao Qing , Yan Lu , Huang Zhihua , Hu Meixi , Xiong Changming , Zhao Zhihui , Liu Zhihong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThe prognosis is poor for patients with pulmonary artery stenosis‐associated pulmonary hypertension (PAS‐PH). Identifying predictors of prognosis in PAS‐PH is crucial to preventing premature death, which has rarely been investigated. We aimed to explore the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters to predict the prognosis of these patients.MethodsWe prospectively included all patients with PAS‐PH who underwent CPET between September 2014 and June 2021 in Fuwai Hospital (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02061787). The primary outcome was clinical worsening, including death, rehospitalization for heart failure, or deterioration of PH.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were included in this study. A median of 2‐year follow‐up revealed that 18 (25%) patients experienced clinical worsening. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year event‐free survival rates were 92.5%, 81.7%, and 62.7%, respectively. Patients with clinical worsening demonstrated significantly worse baseline haemodynamics and poorer exercise capacity than their counterparts. Multivariable Cox regression identified that peak O2 pulse could independently predict clinical worsening [hazard ratio: 0.344, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.188–0.631, P < 0.001], outperforming other parameters. Peak O2 pulse correlated with PH severity. Incorporating peak O2 pulse into the simplified 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society risk stratification improved the accuracy for predicting clinical worsening (pre vs. post area under the curve: 0.727 vs. 0.846, P < 0.001; net reclassification index: 0.852, 95% CI 0.372–1.332, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination index 0.133, 95% CI 0.031–0.235, P = 0.011).ConclusionsThe prognosis is poor for PAS‐PH, and exercise intolerance and ventilation inefficiency are commonly observed. Peak O2 pulse independently predicted the prognosis of these patients. A low peak O2 pulse identified patients at high risk of clinical deterioration and served for risk stratification of PAS‐PH.
Redox Conversion of Cobalt(II)‐Diselenide to Cobalt(III)‐Selenolate Compounds: Comparison with Their Sulfur Analogs
Authors: Marvelous Christian , de Azevedo Santos Lucas , Siegler Maxime A. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bouwman Elisabeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of the selenium‐based ligand L1SeSeL1 (2,2’‐diselanediylbis(N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethan‐1‐amine) is described along with its reactivity with cobalt(II) salts. The cobalt(II)‐diselenide complex [Co2(L1SeSeL1)Cl4] was obtained in good yield, and its spectroscopic properties closely resemble that of its sulfur analog. Reaction of L1SeSeL1 with Co(II) thiocyanate results in the formation of the cobalt(III) compound [Co(L1Se)(NCS)2], similar to reaction of L1SSL1. The redox‐conversion reactions from the Co(II)‐diselenide compound [Co(L1SeSeL1)Cl4] using external triggers such as removal of the halide ions or the addition of the strong‐field ligand 8‐quinolinolate resulted in good yields of the Co(III)‐selenolate complexes [Co(L1Se)(MeCN)2](SbF6)2 and [Co(L1Se)(quin)]Cl. Our computational studies show that the ligand‐field splitting energy of the selenium compounds is smaller than their sulfur analogs, indicating that redox‐conversion of cobalt(II)‐diselenide to cobalt(III)‐selenolate complexes may be more arduous than that for the related sulfur compounds.
Parameter identification of electrochemical model of vanadium redox battery by metaheuristic algorithms
Authors: Khaki Bahman , Kulkarni Chinmay , Das Pritam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn accurate pre‐setting of the constant coefficients and parameters of the electrochemical model of the battery is essential for the accuracy of the model. The experimental methods are not precisely determined these parameters. In vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), like other types of batteries, the electrochemical model's coefficients vary by each battery cell design, different kinds of membranes, etc. Moreover, a VRFB cell's electrochemical model is highly nonlinear; thus, excellent optimization approach is needed to figure out these coefficients' optimal value. Some metaheuristic optimizers, such as particle swarm optimizer (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), genetic algorithm (GA), and the hybrid PSOGWO algorithms, are used in this study to identify these coefficients. An optimization framework is characterized to recognize the coefficients of the model by minimizing the mean square error between the measured values and the model‐based terminal voltage. The low RMS error of the modeled terminal voltage by the metaheuristic‐based electrochemical model demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed parameter identification approach for VRFBs. Further, the improved electrochemical model using the optimal coefficients is employed to estimate VRFB internal parameters, for example, the available battery capacity, the state of health, and the state of charge more accurately.
Modeling Time-Dependent Aquatic Toxicity of Hydrocarbons: Role of Organism Weight, Temperature, and Substance Hydrophobicity
Authors: Redman Aaron D. , Parkerton Thomas F. , Letinski Daniel J. , Sutherland Cary A. , Butler Josh D. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oil spill exposures are highly dynamic and are not comparable to laboratory exposures used in standard toxicity tests. Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) models allow translation of effects observed in the laboratory to the field. To improve TKTD model calibration, new and previously published data from 148 tests were analyzed to estimate rates characterizing the time course of toxicity for 10 fish and 42 invertebrate species across 37 hydrocarbons. A key parameter in the TKTD model is the first-order rate that incorporates passive elimination, biotransformation, and damage repair processes. The results indicated that temperature (4–26 °C), organism size (0.0001–10 g), and substance log octanol–water partition coefficient (2–6) had limited influence on this parameter, which exhibited a 5th to 95th percentile range of 0.2–2.5 day−1 (median 0.7 day−1). A species sensitivity distribution approach is proposed to quantify the variability of this parameter across taxa, with further studies needed for aliphatic hydrocarbons and plant species. Study findings allow existing oil spill models to be refined to improve effect predictions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3070–3083. © 2022 ExxonMobil Biomedical Science Inc. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Uptake by Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Oct2 (slc22a2) Transporter Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes
Authors: Chang Elisabeth D. , Owen Stewart F. , Hogstrand Christer , Bury Nic R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Uptake of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) across the gill epithelium of fish is via either a passive or facilitated transport process, with the latter being more important at the lower concentrations more readily observed in the environment. The solute carrier (SLC) 22A family, which includes the organic cation transporter OCT2 (SLC22A2), has been shown in mammals to transport several endogenous chemicals and APIs. Zebrafish oct2 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the uptake of ranitidine, propranolol, and tetraethylammonium characterized. Uptake of ranitidine and propranolol was time- and concentration-dependent with a km and Vmax for ranitidine of 246 µM and 45 pmol/(oocyte × min) and for propranolol of 409 µM and 190 pmol/(oocyte × min), respectively. Uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) was inhibited by propranolol, amantadine, and cimetidine, known to be human OCT2 substrates, but not quinidine or ranitidine. At external media pH 7 and 8 propranolol uptake was 100-fold greater than at pH 6; pH did not affect ranitidine or TEA uptake. It is likely that cation uptake is driven by the electrochemical gradient across the oocyte. Uptake kinetics parameters, such as those derived in the present study, coupled with knowledge of transporter localization and abundance and API metabolism, can help derive pharmacokinetic models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2993–2998. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Acute Copper Toxicity Displays a Nonmonotonic Relationship with Age Across the Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Life Span
Authors: Mason Marilyn W. , Parrott Benjamin B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ability of an organism to cope with environmental stressors varies across the life span because of developmental stage–specific responses and age-related functional declines. In the present study, we examined the effect of age on acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We first determined the median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h for embryos, 7-day-old fry, and 6-month-old medaka. Embryos were exposed to 0, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, and 500 ppb CuSO4 through hatching. Fry were exposed to 0, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 250, and 500 ppb CuSO4 for 96 h. Adult fish were exposed to 0, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppb CuSO4 for 96 h. The 96-h LC50 was 804 ppb for embryos, 262 ppb for embryonically exposed larvae, 60.3 ppb for 7-day-old fry, and 226 ppb for adults. We then challenged cohorts of fish aged 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16 months with a 225-ppb CuSO4 exposure to determine the acute toxicity across the life span. The fish exhibited a bimodal tolerance to copper, with tolerance peaking in 2- and 3-month-old fish and again at 10 and 11 months of age. Our data demonstrate that copper sensitivity is dynamic throughout the medaka life span and may be influenced by trade-offs with reproduction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2999–3006. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.