bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of detection limits for dyed and mounted textile fibers using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Rydzak Patrick M. , Elwick Kyleen E. , Damaso Natalie , Robertson James M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTrace evidence in the form of textile fibers can be used to link objects and places during an investigation. Raman spectroscopy is a well‐established technique that has been used for the examination of various pigments, paints, inks, and dyes. The objective of this study was to determine the capability of Raman spectroscopy to detect several different dye classes and colors on a variety of textile fibers. To test this, four categories of dyes, reactive, disperse, acid, and direct were examined with Raman microscopy while applied to one of five fiber types (cotton, polyester, nylon, wool, and rayon). Each dye category was tested using four colors, black, blue, red, and yellow, while at four concentrations of dye (w/w), 4% (black only), 1%, 0.5%, and 0.05% (blue, red, and yellow). Finally, each dye, fiber, color, and dye concentration combination were examined with Raman using one of two laser excitation sources (532 nm and 780 nm) while mounted in one of two mounting media, Permount™ and Entellan® new, as well as unmounted. Raman spectroscopy could detect some dyes at low concentrations (0.5% and 0.05%) even when mounted in mounting media and covered with a glass coverslip. Excitation source, dye category, dye concentration, fiber type, and mounting method all influence the ability to detect any given dye. These results support the continued study of Raman as a tool for the examination of fiber dyes as it has shown the potential to be effective even under constraints experienced by forensic examiners.
ECT‐related anxiety during maintenance ECT: A prospective study
Authors: Obbels Jasmien , Gijsbregts Els , Verwijk Esmée , Verspecht Shauni , Lambrichts Simon , Vansteelandt Kristof , Sienaert Pascal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite the established safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ECT‐related anxiety (ERA) remains one of the most distressing complications of ECT. ERA is reported to diminish during an acute course of ECT, but it was never studied during maintenance ECT (M‐ECT). Our aim was to study the trajectories of ERA during M‐ECT and how they differ from trajectories during the acute course.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with unipolar or bipolar depression, retained for M‐ECT after an acute ECT course, were included. ERA was assessed the morning before each ECT session using the ECT‐related Anxiety Questionnaire (ERAQ).ResultsERA remained stable during M‐ECT (RC = −0.05 (SE = 0.06), t(8.35) = −0.86, p = 0.42), while ERA declined significantly during the acute course (RC = −0.85 (SE = 0.30), t(33.6) = −2.81, p = 0.0082). During the acute course, patients with a psychotic depression were more anxious at baseline (t(32)= −2.42, p = 0.02), and showed a significant decline in ERAQ scores (RC = −1.65 (SE = 0.46), t(31.6) = −3.56, p = 0.0012), whereas patients with a non‐psychotic depression were less anxious at baseline and retained stable ERAQ scores during the acute course (RC = −0.06 (SE = 0.41), t(32.1) = −0.14, p = 0.89). Whereas a correlation (r = 0.48) was noticed between the decline of depression severity and ERA during the acute course, this was not the case during M‐ECT.ConclusionERA runs a stable course during M‐ECT, after having decreased during the acute course. During the acute course, ERA trajectories differed significantly between patients with a psychotic and non‐psychotic depression. Decline of depression severity and ERA are significantly connected during the acute course of ECT. Both depression severity and ERA remain stable during M‐ECT.
‘I hate sand … it gets everywhere’—Phanerozoic sedimentary recycling from NW Africa
Authors: Lovell‐Kennedy James , Roquette Emmanuel , Schröder Stefan , Redfern Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver 10,000 published detrital zircon ages have been reprocessed (applying a +10% normal and reverse concordance range) and analysed to understand the evolution of the detrital zircon record of north‐west Africa during the Phanerozoic. Using dissimilarity and clustering analysis, shifts in detrital zircon populations allow interpretation of the evolution of source regions and source to sink systems throughout the Phanerozoic within the West Gondwana superfan. Previous thermochronology and field studies conducted across north‐west Africa indicate significant and sustained shifts in source regions in Meso‐Cenozoic times which are not recorded in the detrital zircon geochronology record. This discrepancy is most notable for Mesozoic to modern source to sink studies focused on the evolution of the Atlasic rift and opening of the Atlantic and Tethyan Oceans to the west and north respectively. Our results indicate a high degree of similarity between samples from Cambrian times onwards due to successive phases of sediment recycling. This highlights the need to integrate detrital zircon analysis with other techniques to provide confident reconstruction of sediment routing systems across Morocco. This systematic review also reveals the ubiquitous occurrence of Mesoproterozoic zircons within Moroccan sediment. No basement of this age is known from north‐west Africa—often described as the ‘Mesoproterozoic Gap’, which was thought to be a diagnostic feature of sediment derived from the West African Craton. However, zircons of this age form 7% of all analysed zircons and are present in sediments from at least 700 Ma. The presence of this population is interpreted as strongly diagnostic of provenance from either the Amazonian Craton or the Eastern Gondwana Orogen within Central Africa. Their presence in the Moroccan detrital record from the Neoproterozoic onwards raises questions about the position of the West African Craton in the Proterozoic, and for the spatial extent of Mesoproterozoic orogeny within north Africa.
Carcinogenesis resistance in the longest‐lived rodent, the naked mole‐rat
Authors: Yamamura Yuki , Kawamura Yoshimi , Oka Kaori , Miura Kyoko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCertain mammalian species are resistant to cancer, and a better understanding of how this cancer resistance arises could provide valuable insights for basic cancer research. Recent technological innovations in molecular biology have allowed the study of cancer‐resistant mammals, despite the fact that they are not the classical model animals, which are easily studied using genetic approaches. Naked mole‐rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest‐lived rodent, with a maximum lifespan of more than 37 years, and almost never show spontaneous carcinogenesis. NMRs are currently attracting much attention from aging and cancer researchers, and published studies on NMR have continued to increase over the past decade. Cancer development occurs via multiple steps and involves many biological processes. Recent research on the NMR as a model for cancer resistance suggests that they possess various unique carcinogenesis‐resistance mechanisms, including efficient DNA repair pathways, cell‐autonomous resistance to transformation, and dampened inflammatory response. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis resistance in NMR, which have been uncovered over the past two decades, and discuss future perspectives.
BRCA1 transports the DNA damage signal for CDDP‐induced centrosome amplification through the centrosomal Aurora A
Authors: Qi Huicheng , Kikuchi Megumi , Yoshino Yuki , Fang Zhenzhou , Ohashi Kazune , Gotoh Takato , Ideta Ryo , Ui Ayako , Endo Shino , Otsuka Kei , Shindo Norihisa , Gonda Kohsuke , Ishioka Chikashi , Miki Yoshio , Iwabuchi Tokuro , Chiba Natsuko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBreast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) plays roles in DNA repair and centrosome regulation and is involved in DNA damage‐induced centrosome amplification (DDICA). Here, the centrosomal localization of BRCA1 and the kinases involved in centrosome duplication were analyzed in each cell cycle phase after treatment with DNA crosslinker cisplatin (CDDP). CDDP treatment increased the centrosomal localization of BRCA1 in early S–G2 phase. BRCA1 contributed to the increased centrosomal localization of Aurora A in S phase and that of phosphorylated Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) in late S phase after CDDP treatment, resulting in centriole disengagement and overduplication. The increased centrosomal localization of BRCA1 and Aurora A induced by CDDP treatment involved the nuclear export of BRCA1 and BRCA1 phosphorylation by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Patient‐derived variants and mutations at phosphorylated residues of BRCA1 suppressed the interaction between BRCA1 and Aurora A, as well as the CDDP‐induced increase in the centrosomal localization of BRCA1 and Aurora A. These results suggest that CDDP induces the phosphorylation of BRCA1 by ATM in the nucleus and its transport to the cytoplasm, thereby promoting the centrosomal localization Aurora A, which phosphorylates PLK1. The function of BRCA1 in the translocation of the DNA damage signal from the nucleus to the centrosome to induce centrosome amplification after CDDP treatment might support its role as a tumor suppressor.
Information needs of patients considering oral immunotherapy for food allergy
Authors: Mack Douglas Paul , Greenhawt Matthew , Turner Paul J. , Wasserman Richard L. , Hanna Mariam A. , Shaker Marcus , Hughes Sarah W. , Rodríguez del Río Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile the historic management of food allergy includes avoidance strategies and allergic reaction treatment, oral immunotherapy (OIT) approaches have become more commonly integrated into therapeutic approaches. International guidelines, phase 3 trials and real‐world experience have supported the implementation of this procedure. However, OIT is an elective, rarely curative procedure with inherent risks that necessitates an increased degree of health literacy for the patients and families. Families assume the responsibility of amateur healthcare providers to ensure the daily safe administration of the allergenic food. As such, it is incumbent upon physicians to ensure that families are prepared for this role. A thorough educational and shared decision‐making approach is necessary during the counselling and consent process to adequately inform the families. Educated discussion about the efficacy and patient‐centred effectiveness, therapeutic alternatives and family goals is required to align physician and patient expectations. A frank discussion about the struggles, practical challenges, risks and contraindications can help to develop an understanding of the risk mitigation strategies employed to maintain safety. Physicians should develop a proactive approach to educate families about this, at times, burdensome procedure. This educational approach should encourage ongoing support starting prior to consent through the maintenance visits. By preparing families for their unique management role, physicians can help ensure the safe and successful integration of OIT into the therapeutic offering for the management of food allergies.
Drift as a Driver of Language Change: An Artificial Language Experiment
Authors: Ventura Rafael , Plotkin Joshua B. , Roberts Gareth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver half a century ago, George Zipf observed that more frequent words tend to be older. Corpus studies since then have confirmed this pattern, with more frequent words being replaced and regularized less often than less frequent words. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain this: that frequent words change less because selection against innovation is stronger at higher frequencies, or that they change less because stochastic drift is stronger at lower frequencies. Here, we report the first experimental test of these hypotheses. Participants were tasked with learning a miniature language consisting of two nouns and two plural markers. Nouns occurred at different frequencies and were subjected to treatments that varied drift and selection. Using a model that accounts for participant heterogeneity, we measured the rate of noun regularization, the strength of selection, and the strength of drift in participant responses. Results suggest that drift alone is sufficient to generate the elevated rate of regularization we observed in low‐frequency nouns, adding to a growing body of evidence that drift may be a major driver of language change.
Mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischaemia in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Viderman Dmitriy , Tapinova Karina , Abdildin Yerkin G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. SAH is characterized by heterogeneity, interindividual variation and complexity of pathophysiological responses following extravasation of blood from cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to integrate previously established pre‐existing factors, pathophysiological pathways and to develop a concept map of mechanisms of SAH‐induced cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia using a systematic approach. We conducted an extensive mapping of a hypothesized sequence of pathophysiological events. Documentation of supporting evidence was done alongside a concept map building. After finalizing the model, we conducted an analysis of the consequences and connections of pathophysiological events. We included the findings of experimental research, focusing on pathophysiological processes. We focused on SAH‐induced cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia as a component of cerebral injury and potential systemic consequences. SAH‐induced brain injury occurs within 72 h following haemorrhage. Pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm may include reduction in NO production, direct activation of calcium channels, upregulating genes involved with inflammation and extracellular matrix remodelling, triggering oxidative stress and free radical damage to smooth muscle and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, cortical spreading depolarizations, sympathetic activation, finally resulting in the failure of cerebral autoregulation, microthrombosis and cerebral ischaemic injury. This cascade of events might explain why medical therapy often fails to reverse resistant cerebral vasospasm and to prevent cerebral ischaemia.
Prospective study on the risk of transmission due to droplets and aerosols during an endoscopic procedure and the usefulness of extraoral suction devices
Authors: Sunakawa Hironori , Yoda Yusuke , Takahashi Mari , Arai Keisuke , Kano Yuki , Yamashita Hiroki , Aoyama Naoki , Mitsui Tomohiro , Inaba Atsushi , Takashima Kenji , Nakajo Keiichiro , Murano Tatsuro , Kadota Tomohiro , Shinmura Kensuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yano Tomonori 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesEndoscopy poses a high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection for medical personnel due to the dispersal of aerosols from the patient. We investigated the location and size of droplets generated during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the contamination of the surrounding area before and after the procedures, and the effectiveness of using an extraoral suction device (Free arm arteo; TOKYO GIKEN, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).MethodsPatients who consented to the study and underwent EGD or ESD between December 8, 2020, and April 15, 2021, at the National Cancer Center East Hospital were included. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hygiene monitoring tests and a particle counter were used for measurements.ResultsAssessments were performed on 22 EGD and 15 ESD cases. ATP hygiene monitoring tests showed significant elevations at three sites near the patient, and two sites 1.5 m away, for EGD, and at four sites near the patient and 1.5 m away for ESD. In both ESD and EGD, extraoral suction devices reduced the extent of the contamination. Particles <5 μm in size were generated during endoscopic procedures and dispersed from both the forceps hole and the patient's mouth. The extraoral suction device did not reduce the number of particles generated.ConclusionsDuring endoscopic procedures, cleaning the surrounding environment is important in addition to standard precautions the endoscopist and caregivers take. The use of extraoral suction devices can also potentially reduce contamination of the surrounding environment.
Latitudinal but not elevational variation in blood glucose level is linked to life history across passerine birds
Authors: Tomášek Oldřich , Bobek Lukáš , Kauzálová Tereza , Kauzál Ondřej , Adámková Marie , Horák Kryštof , Kumar Sampath Anandan , Manialeu Judith Pouadjeu , Munclinger Pavel , Nana Eric Djomo , Nguelefack Télesphore Benoît , Sedláček Ondřej , Albrecht Tomáš 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMacrophysiological research is vital to our understanding of mechanisms underpinning global life history variation and adaptation to diverse environments. Here, we examined latitudinal and elevational variation in a key substrate of energy metabolism and an emerging physiological component of pace‐of‐life syndromes, blood glucose concentration. Our data, collected from 61 European temperate and 99 Afrotropical passerine species, revealed that baseline blood glucose increases with both latitude and elevation, whereas blood glucose stress response shows divergent directions, being stronger at low latitudes and high elevations. Low baseline glucose in tropical birds, compared to their temperate counterparts, was mainly explained by their low fecundity, consistent with the slow pace‐of‐life syndrome in the tropics. In contrast, elevational variation in this trait was decoupled from fecundity, implying a unique montane pace‐of‐life syndrome combining slow‐paced life histories with fast‐paced physiology. The observed patterns suggest that pace‐of‐life syndromes do not evolve along the single fast‐slow axis.
Early cost–utility analysis of genetically guided therapy for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Gordon Louisa G. , Elliott Thomas M. , Bennett Carmen , Hollway Georgina , Waddell Nicola , Vadlamudi Lata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveExisting gene panels were developed to understand the etiology of epilepsy, and further benefits will arise from an effective pharmacogenomics panel for personalizing therapy and achieving seizure control. Our study assessed the cost‐effectiveness of a pharmacogenomics panel for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, compared with usual care.MethodsA cost–utility analysis was employed using a discrete event simulation model. The microsimulation model aggregated the costs and benefits of genetically guided treatment versus usual care for 5000 simulated patients. The 10‐year model combined data from various sources including genomic databases on prevalence of variants, population‐level pharmaceutical claims on antiseizure medications, published long‐term therapy retention rates, patient‐level cost data, and systematic reviews. Incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained was computed. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to address uncertainty in model parameters.ResultsThe mean cost of the genetically guided treatment option was AU$98 199 compared with AU$95 386 for usual care. Corresponding mean QALYs were 4.67 compared with 4.28 for genetically guided and usual care strategies, respectively. The incremental cost per QALY gained was AU$7381. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the incremental cost per QALY gained was AU$6321 (95% uncertainty interval = AU$3604–AU$9621), with a 100% likelihood of being cost‐effective in the Australian health care system. The most influential drivers of the findings were the monthly health care costs associated with reduced seizures, costs when seizures continued, and the quality‐of‐life estimates under genetically guided and usual care strategies.SignificanceThis early economic evaluation of a pharmacogenomics panel to guide treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy could potentially be cost‐effective in the Australian health care system. Clinical trial evidence is necessary to confirm these findings.
Experiences of fathers caring for children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Pereira Travis Lanz‐Brian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParents raising children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) experience greater family, health, and psychosocial dysfunction due to the compounding nature of children's NDD and disease manifestations. Furthermore, the experiences of fathers and mothers are significantly different, and there is a paucity of consolidated evidence on fathers' experiences. A systematic review and meta‐synthesis were conducted using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach. Six electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published between November 2011 and November 2021. Thirty‐eight studies were included in this review. An overarching theme “Out of the Shadows, and Into the Sunshine” emerged along with four main themes: (a) “The Illness Is All the Time”: An Overwhelming Experience, (b) “Navigating health care and Education Systems,” (c) “Strong Alone, Stronger Together,” and (d) “My Child Is Different Not Less: A Different Perspective.” This meta‐synthesis analyzed the facilitators and barriers married fathers of children with NDD faced and suggested a paradigm shift where these fathers are becoming more actively involved in the care of their children. There is a need for family clinicians and therapists and health care, education, and workforce policymakers to collaborate to tackle the current and potential unique barriers faced by fathers of children with NDD.
Use of sensory rooms in adult psychiatric inpatient settings: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Haig Stephanie , Hallett Nutmeg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReducing the use of restrictive interventions within psychiatric inpatient settings is a global priority. There are many strategies which may support the prevention of violence before escalation into more severe incidences. Sensory rooms have been identified as one such intervention, aiding patients to emotionally regulate and reduce distress, with a growing body of academic literature interested in whether sensory rooms can ultimately impact incidences of patient violence and the use of restraint, seclusion, and other restrictive practices. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify how effective sensory rooms are at reducing patient violence and restrictive interventions within adult psychiatric inpatient settings. Eighteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. There is a lack of evidence as to whether sensory rooms are effective at reducing seclusion, restraint, or violence. They are, however, likely to support a reduction in patient distress. Patient and staff experiences suggest sensory rooms support emotional regulation, promote self‐management, and positively impact the overall patient admission experience and ward environment. Further research is needed to identify what works, for who and in what circumstances in relation to the design of sensory rooms.