bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heterogeneity of cancer‐associated fibroblast subpopulations: Their origins, biomarkers, and roles in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yamamoto Yurie , Kasashima Hiroaki , Fukui Yasuhiro , Tsujio Gen , Yashiro Masakazu , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prognosis for patients with cancers known for a highly activated stromal reaction, including diffuse‐type (scirrhous) gastric cancer, consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is extremely poor. To explore the resistance of conventional therapy for those refractory cancers, detailed classification and investigation of the different subsets of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) involved are needed. Recent studies with a single‐cell transcriptomics strategy (single‐cell RNA‐seq) have demonstrated that CAF subpopulations contain different origins and marker proteins with the capacity to either promote or suppress cancer progression. Through multiple signaling pathways, CAFs can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling; they can also interact with tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and modulate the antitumor immunological state in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we review the recent literature on the various subpopulations of CAFs to improve our understanding of the cell‐cell interactions in the TME and highlight future avenues for CAF‐targeted therapy.
Gossypin: A flavonoid with diverse pharmacological effects
Authors: Song Bocui , Shen Xue , Tong Chunyu , Zhang Shuang , Chen Qian , Li Yuqi , Li Shuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGossypin is a flavonoid compound prepared from chinese medicine Hibiscus, which not only has significant pharmacological activities in antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti‐cancer, anti‐tumor, and anti‐diabetic aspects, but also has the advantages of small side effects and easy preparation because it is extracted from traditional chinese medicine, so it has received widespread attention from scholars and researchers. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of gossypin in recent years, and hopes to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
Six case reports of NTHL1‐associated tumor syndrome further support it as a multi‐tumor predisposition syndrome
Authors: Weatherill Chelsey B. , Burke Sarah A. , Haskins Carolyn G. , Berry Darcy K. , Homer Jeanne P. , Demeure Michael J. , Darabi Sourat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNTHL1‐associated tumor syndrome (NATS) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by an increased risk for colorectal polyposis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Only 46 case reports have been previously published. In a retrospective review, we analyzed the clinical histories of six patients found to have NATS after genetic counseling and testing. NATS appears to be associated with an increased risk for colorectal polyposis, CRC, female breast cancer, meningiomas, and endometrial cancer. Although research is limited, prior publications have reported a multi‐tumor predisposition for individuals with biallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in NTHL1. Additional data are necessary to further define the cancer risks so affected individuals can be appropriately managed.
Natural weathering of spruce wood chemically modified by re‐used ε‐caprolactone solution
Authors: Cambazoglu Merve , Tomak Eylem D. , Ermeydan Mahmut A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreasing environmental pressures over the last few years have led to attention for non‐biocide treatments in the wood protection field. The ε‐caprolactone modification of wood by substitution or blocking of hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the novel modification methods developed in recent years. In this study, ring‐opening polymerisation of ε‐caprolactone in wood cell walls was evaluated by the third and sixth re‐use of recovered monomer and by oven‐curing method. Spruce samples were modified by re‐used ε‐caprolactone and exposed to the natural weathering agents for 12 months. After weathering, the colour change, surface roughness measurements, and macroscopic and ultra‐microscopic observations revealed that the modified wood had better surface properties than reference wood. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis proved that PCL could be found on the weathered surface up to the sixth month, but very little amount was detected on the surfaces with a longer weathering period. The results clearly showed that the efficiency of PCL modification with re‐use of the monomer solution was sufficient during the initial weathering periods, but efficiency was reduced after a prolonged exposure period.
Mitigating ipatasertib‐induced glucose increase through dose and meal timing modifications
Authors: Sutaria Dhruvitkumar S. , Agarwal Priya , Huang Kuan‐Chieh , Miles Dale R. , Rotmensch Jacob , Hinton Heather , Gallo Jorge Daniel , Rasuo Grozdana , Sane Rucha S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIpatasertib, an AKT inhibitor, in combination with prednisone and abiraterone, is under evaluation for the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Hyperglycemia is an on‐target effect of ipatasertib. An open‐label, single‐arm, single‐sequence, signal‐seeking study (n = 25 mCRPC patients) was conducted to evaluate the glucose changes across four different treatment periods: ipatasertib alone, ipatasertib‐prednisone combination, ipatasertib‐prednisone‐abiraterone combination (morning dose), and ipatasertib‐prednisone‐abiraterone combination (evening dose). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used in this study to compare the dynamic glucose changes across the different treatment periods. Four key parameters: average glucose, peak glucose and % time in range (70–180 and >180 mg/dl) were evaluated for this comparison. Ipatasertib‐prednisone‐abiraterone combination when administered in the morning after an overnight fast significantly increased average glucose, peak glucose and % time in range >180 mg/dl compared to ipatasertib monotherapy. Ipatasertib, when co‐administered with abiraterone, increased ipatasertib and M1 (G‐037720) metabolite exposures by approximately 1.5‐ and 2.2‐fold, respectively. Exposure–response analysis results show that increased exposures of ipatasertib in combination with abiraterone are associated with increased glucose levels. When ipatasertib‐prednisone‐abiraterone combination was administered as an evening dose compared to a morning dose, lowered peak glucose and improved % time in range was observed. The results from this study suggest that dosing ipatasertib after an evening meal followed by overnight fasting can be an effective strategy for managing increased glucose levels.
Using a systematic approach to synthesize existing knowledge on Gymnopus fusipes (syn. Collybia fusipes), the cause of Collybia root rot
Authors: Pettifor Bethany J. , Denman Sandra , McDonald James E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGymnopus fusipes (syn. Collybia fusipes; syn. Agaricus fusipes) is an agaricomycete fungus known to cause root rot on a number of economically important tree species, including oak, where it has been linked to the development of chronic oak decline. Due to lack of correlation between above‐ground decline symptoms and G. fusipes infection, its presence can often go undiagnosed until mortality. Although G. fusipes was first described over 200 years ago, there is still a paucity of information on the biology and ecology of this species, which represents a barrier to understanding its impacts on tree health. The aim of this review was to synthesize existing knowledge on the biology, ecology, host range and host interactions of G. fusipes. Using a systematic search, five online databases were used to obtain published literature resulting from the search terms ‘Gymnopus fusipes’, ‘Collybia fusipes’ and ‘Agaricus fusipes’. After a strict filtering process, the papers were examined for data pertaining to the biochemistry, distribution, ecology, genomic information, host range, infection biology, morphology and phylogeny of the species. The results reveal that there is a large amount of ambiguous and sometimes spurious citation of G. fusipes in the literature. However, it can be confirmed that G. fusipes is a facultative saproparasite, found in several countries, mainly in Europe, and is associated with several socioeconomically important host species, including oak, chestnut, and fir. Gymnopus fusipes has repeatedly been investigated with regard to oak decline in Europe, where it is believed to play a crucial role in the early stage of decline development. Key knowledge gaps highlighted in this review include a lack of information on the basic biology of the species, including its life cycle, which is crucial to fully understanding G. fusipes infection and epidemiology. Further work is needed to assess G. fusipes distribution, phylogeny and host range through molecular identification. There is also a need to characterize the pathogen–host interaction at a molecular level, with identification of active genes and therefore the mechanisms of infection. A combination of culture‐based and molecular techniques should be utilized in order to close these key knowledge gaps.
Altered cerebellar‐motor loop in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy type 1: The structural basis of cortical tremor
Authors: Wang Ge , Song Yanmin , Su Jianpo , Fan Zhipeng , Xu Lin , Fang Peng , Liu Chaorong , Long Hongyu , Hu Chongyu , Zhou Luo , Huang Sha , Zhou Pinting , Wang Kangrun , Pang Nan , Shen Hui , Li Shuyu , Hu Dewen , Xiao Bo , Zeng Ling‐Li , Long Lili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveCortical tremor/myoclonus is the hallmark feature of benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME), the mechanism of which remains elusive. A hypothesis is that a defective control in the preexisting cerebellar‐motor loop drives cortical tremor. Meanwhile, the basal ganglia system might also participate in BAFME. This study aimed to discover the structural basis of cortical tremor/myoclonus in BAFME.MethodsNineteen patients with BAFME type 1 (BAFME1) and 30 matched healthy controls underwent T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging scans. FreeSurfer and spatially unbiased infratentorial template (SUIT) toolboxes were utilized to assess the motor cortex and the cerebellum. Probabilistic tractography was generated for two fibers to test the hypothesis: the dentato‐thalamo‐(M1) (primary motor cortex) and globus pallidus internus (GPi)‐thalamic projections. Average fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of each tract were extracted.ResultsCerebellar atrophy and dentate nucleus alteration were observed in the patients. In addition, patients with BAFME1 exhibited reduced AD and FA in the left and right dentato‐thalamo‐M1 nondecussating fibers, respectively false discovery rate (FDR) correction q < .05. Cerebellar projections showed negative correlations with somatosensory‐evoked potential P25‐N33 amplitude and were independent of disease duration and medication. BAFME1 patients also had increased FA and decreased MD in the left GPi‐thalamic projection. Higher FA and lower RD in the right GPi‐thalamic projection were also observed (FDR q < .05).SignificanceThe present findings support the hypothesis that the cerebello‐thalamo‐M1 loop might be the structural basis of cortical tremor in BAFME1. The basal ganglia system also participates in BAFME1 and probably serves a regulatory role.
Ablation of apparent diffusion coefficient hyperintensity clusters in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy improves seizure outcomes after laser interstitial thermal therapy
Authors: Kim Min Jae , Hwang Brian , Mampre David , Negoita Serban , Tsehay Yohannes , Sair Haris , Kang Joon Y. , Anderson William S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveLaser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for intractable mesial temporal epilepsy (mTLE). LiTT is safe and effective, but seizure outcomes are highly variable due to patient variability, suboptimal targeting, and incomplete ablation of the epileptogenic zone. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that can identify potential epileptogenic foci in the mesial temporal lobe to improve ablation and seizure outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ablation of tissue clusters with high ADC values in the mesial temporal structures is associated with seizure outcome in mTLE after LiTT.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with mTLE who underwent LiTT at our institution were analyzed. One‐year seizure outcome was categorized as complete seizure freedom (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] Class I) and residual seizures (ILAE Class II–VI). Volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were segmented from the preoperative T1 MRI sequence. Spatially distinct hyperintensity clusters were identified in the preoperative ADC map. Proportion of cluster volume and number ablated were associated with seizure outcomes.ResultsThe mean age at surgery was 37.5 years and the mean follow‐up duration was 1.9 years. Proportions of hippocampal cluster volume (p = .013) and number (p = .03) ablated were significantly higher in patients with seizure freedom. For amygdala clusters, the proportion of cluster number ablated was significantly associated with seizure outcome (p = .026). In the combined amygdalohippocampal complex, ablation of amygdalohippocampal clusters reliably predicted seizure outcome by their volume ablated (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.7670, p = .02).SignificanceSeizure outcome after LiTT in patients with mTLE was associated significantly with the extent of cluster ablation in the amygdalohippocampal complex. The results suggest that preoperative ADC analysis may help identify high‐yield pathological tissue clusters that represent epileptogenic foci. ADC‐based cluster analysis can potentially assist ablation targeting and improve seizure outcome after LiTT in mTLE.
ASDFL: An adaptive super‐pixel discriminative feature‐selective learning for vehicle matching
Authors: Qin Rong , Lv Huanhuan , Zhang Yi , Huangfu Luwen , Huang Sheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are a large number of cameras in modern transportation system that capture numerous vehicle images continuously. Therefore, automatic analysis of these vehicle images is helpful for traffic flow management, criminal investigations and vehicle inspections. Vehicle matching, which aims to determine whether two input images depict an identical vehicle, is one of the core tasks in vehicle analysis. Recent relevant studies have focused on local feature extraction instead of global extraction, since local details can provide crucial cues to distinguish between cars. However, these methods do not select local features; that is, they do not assign weights to local features. Therefore, in this research, we systematically study the vehicle matching task, and present a novel annotation‐free local‐based deep learning method called Adaptive super‐pixel discriminative feature‐selective learning (ASDFL) to address this issue. In ASDFL, vehicle images are segmented into clusters of super‐pixels of similar size by considering the location and colour similarities of pixels without using any component‐level annotation. These super‐pixels are deemed to be the virtual components of vehicles. Moreover, a convolutional neural network is used to extract the deep features of these virtual components. Thereafter, an instance‐specific mask generation module driven by the extracted global features is enhanced to produce a mask to select the most distinctive virtual components of each vehicle image pair in the feature space. Finally, the vehicle matching task is accomplished by classifying the selected virtual component features of each imaged vehicle pair. Extensive experiments on two popular vehicle identification benchmarks demonstrate that our method is 1.57% and 0.8% more accurate than the previous baselines in a vehicle matching task on the VeRi and VehicleID datasets, respectively, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.
RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals the potential molecular mechanism of RAD54B in the proliferation of inflamed human dental pulp cells
Authors: Huang Pei , Wang Fushi , Wang Xinhuan , Meng Xiujiao , Qiao Weiwei , Meng Liuyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of RAD54B in the proliferation of inflamed human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).MethodologyNormal, carious and pulpitic human dental pulp tissues were collected. Total RNA was subjected to RNA‐sequencing (seq) and gene expression profiles were studied by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in homologous recombination repair (HRR) were validated with qRT‐PCR. The expression of RAD54B and TNF‐α in human dental pulp tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. HDPCs were cultured and RAD54B level in hDPCs was detected after LPS stimulation using western blot. CCK‐8 was used to investigate the proliferation of hDPCs transfected with negative control (Nc) small interfering RNA (siRNA), RAD54B siRNA, P53 siRNA or both siRNAs with or without LPS stimulation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution, and western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyse the expression of RAD54B, P53 and P21 under the above treatments. One‐way and two‐way anova followed by least significant difference posttest were used for statistical analysis.ResultsRNA‐seq results identified DEGs amongst the three groups. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of DEGs in the replication and repair pathway. HRR and non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) components were further verified and qRT‐PCR results were basically consistent with the sequencing data. RAD54B, an HRR accessory factor highly expressed in carious and pulpitic tissues as compared to that in normal pulps, was chosen as our gene of interest. High RAD54B expression was confirmed in inflamed human dental pulp tissues and LPS‐stimulated hDPCs. Upon RAD54B knockdown, P53 and P21 expressions in hDPCs were upregulated whereas the proliferation was significantly downregulated, accompanied by increased G2/M phase arrest. After inhibiting P53 expression in RAD54B‐knockdown hDPCs, P21 expression and cell proliferation were reversed.ConclusionsGene expression profiles of normal, carious and pulpitic human dental pulp tissues were revealed. HRR components were elucidated to function in dental pulp inflammation. Amongst the DEGs in HRR, RAD54B regulated the proliferation of inflamed hDPCs via P53/P21 signalling. This research deepens our understanding of dental pulp inflammation and provides new insight to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Building collaborative relationships with family caregivers of hospitalized older persons with delirium superimposed on dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Julian Patricia , Ploeg Jenny , Kaasalainen Sharon , Markle‐Reid Maureen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore experiences of family caregivers providing support to older persons with delirium superimposed on dementia in acute care hospitals, their role in detection and management of this condition, and support they require.DesignThis study has an exploratory‐descriptive design using interpretive description methodology.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine caregivers from January to April 2020. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis.FindingsThree themes were identified: (1) family caregivers found delirium superimposed on dementia to be an overwhelming experience, (2) family caregivers can play an important role in the detection and management of delirium superimposed on dementia and (3) family caregivers' experiences were influenced by the nature of their relationship with the health care team. Family caregivers found the experience distressing and felt unprepared to face the condition. Family caregivers also possessed knowledge helpful in detecting acute changes and caring for the older person. Family caregivers' relationships with the health care team varied: some felt supported by the team, while others experienced a power imbalance, characterized by lack of communication and opportunities to participate in care.ConclusionsFamily caregivers were distressed to see family members hospitalized with delirium superimposed on dementia. Family caregivers are also ideally positioned to detect the condition and participate in care. However, power imbalances remain, leaving family caregivers feeling disempowered and believing the health care team had more control over the older person's care.ImpactFindings highlight the need for strategies to address the distress and disempowerment experienced by family caregivers of hospitalized older persons with delirium superimposed on dementia. By building collaborative relationships, nurses and other health care team members can help family caregivers navigate the complex experience with delirium superimposed on dementia and reduce distress, with the ultimate goal of facilitating family caregivers' ability to care for older persons in the community.No Patient or Public ContributionWhile the study participants are members of the public, this population was not involved in the study design and analysis. This method aligns with interpretive description, where researchers are not just a medium through which participants speak, but also interpretive instruments who discern insights not accessible to persons who may be familiar with only a single case.
Evolution of physical linkage between loci controlling ecological traits and mating preferences
Authors: Schuldiner‐Harpaz Tarryn , Merrill Richard M. , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoupling of multiple barriers to gene‐flow, such as divergent local adaptation and reproductive isolation, facilitates speciation. However, alleles at loci that contribute to barrier effects can be dissociated by recombination. Models of linkage between diverging alleles often consider elements that reduce recombination, such as chromosomal inversions and alleles that modify recombination rate between existing loci. In contrast, here, we consider the evolution of linkage due to the close proximity of loci on the same chromosome. Examples of such physical linkage exist in several species, but in other cases, strong associations are maintained without physical linkage. We use an individual‐based model to study the conditions under which the physical linkage between loci controlling ecological traits and mating preferences might be expected to evolve. We modelled a single locus controlling an ecological trait that acts also as a mating cue. Mating preferences are controlled by multiple loci, formed by mutations that are randomly placed in the “genome”, within varying distances from the ecological trait locus, allowing us to examine which genomic architectures spread across the population. Our model reveals that stronger physical linkage is favoured when mating preferences and selection are weaker. Under such conditions mating among divergent phenotypes is more frequent, and matching ecological trait and mating preference alleles are more likely to become dissociated by recombination, favouring the evolution of genetic linkage. While most theoretical studies on clustering of divergent loci focus on how physical linkage influences speciation, we show how physical linkage itself can arise, establishing conditions that can favour speciation.