bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional single third trimester ultrasound scan in detection of large for gestational age fetuses
Authors: Kwok ManHo , Angioni Valeria 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To evaluate the accuracy of growth scans in the third trimester. To evaluate the accuracy of universal third trimester ultrasound scans in the detection of large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses. To investigate how universal ultrasound scans affect the delivery and outcomes.

Recent findings
Universal third trimester screening for LGA recorded a 22% positive predictive value (PPV), and 96% negative predicted value (NPV). The sensitivity in most studies reaches around 70% or more, of all the LGA fetuses delivered, there are different studies for and against universal ultrasonic screening of LGA. Estimated fetal weight (>4 kg/90th centile) and abdominal circumference are the best predictors of LGA with nearly 70% sensitivity. One study reported that an antenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of LGA in a low risk population has a weak association with the incidence of shoulder dystocia or poor neonatal outcomes. Universal screening in the third trimester for LGAs is not cost effective.

Summary
Low risk pregnancies constitute the majority of the pregnancy population. All low risk pregnancy women will only receive two routine scans throughout the whole pregnancy. There is no evidence at present that conclusively demonstrates that an additional scan at 36 weeks improves maternal and neonatal outcomes and is cost effective.
Risk Factors Predicting Loss to Follow-Up, Medication Noncompliance, and Poor Visual Outcomes Among Patients With Infectious Keratitis at a Public County Hospital
Authors: Lopez Jacqueline B. , Chan Lawrence , Saifee Murtaza , Padmanabhan Sriranjani , Yung Madeline , Chan Matilda F. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Infectious keratitis is a vision-threatening condition requiring close follow-up and disciplined eye drop administration to achieve resolution. Although patients presenting to county hospitals often have more severe presentations, there is a paucity of risk and outcomes data in this setting. This study investigates risk factors predicting loss to follow-up (LTFU), medication noncompliance, and poor outcomes for infectious keratitis in the county hospital setting.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case-control study at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center. Inclusion criteria were patients who had corneal cultures for suspected infectious bacterial or fungal keratitis between 2010 and 2021. Exclusion criteria were patients with viral keratitis only. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship of social and medical risk factors with LTFU, medication noncompliance, worsened visual acuity (VA), and delayed resolution time.

Results:
Of 174 patients with infectious keratitis in this analysis, 69 (40.0%) had LTFU. Unemployment was associated with increased risk of LTFU (odds ratio 2.58, P = 0.049) and worse final VA (P = 0.001). Noncompliance trended toward an association with homelessness (odds ratio 3.48, P = 0.095). Increasing age correlated with longer resolution time, with each 1-year increase associated with delayed resolution by 0.549 days (P = 0.042).

Conclusions:
Patients experiencing unemployment, homelessness, or increased age demonstrate higher risk for treatment barriers including loss to follow-up and medication noncompliance, resulting in worse VA and delayed time to resolution. These risk factors should be considered when determining the need for more deliberate follow-up measures in patients with infectious keratitis.
Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy Secondary to Mycobacterium chelonae
Authors: Bonnet Clémence , Onishi Alex C. , Aldave Anthony J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and multimodal imaging of a patient diagnosed with infectious crystalline keratitis (ICK) secondary to Mycobacterium chelonae.

Methods:
This is a case report of a patient with a crystalline corneal infiltrate imaged with anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo scanning laser confocal microscopy. Bacterial, fungal, acanthamoeba, and acid-fast cultures were performed to identify the causal pathogen.

Results:
Examination revealed a white stellate opacity in the midstroma underlying the scalloped border of an area of central corneal stromal thinning, consistent with a diagnosis of ICK. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated a hyperreflective diamond-shaped opacity located at a depth of 334 μm, which demonstrated multiple stellate projections on in vivo scanning laser confocal microscopy. The acid-fast culture was positive for Mycobacterium chelonae.

Conclusions:
Although ICK is most commonly associated with Streptococcus species, it may be secondary to atypical bacteria including Mycobacterium species, underscoring the importance of diagnostic imaging and collecting corneal cultures to identify the pathogenic organism.
PRKG1
mutation identified by whole-exome sequencing: a potential genetic etiology for He-Zhao deficiency
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Wang Dandan , Yang Xuhan , Song Zhongchen , Wang Zuolin , Zhang Juan , Wan Chunling , He Lin 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
He-Zhao deficiency was originally described as a severe type of nonsyndromic hypodontia, and the causative gene locus was mapped to chromosome 10q11.2. The aim of this study was to identify potential genetic mutations that could cause He-Zhao deficiency.

Methods:

Patients with He-Zhao deficiency and their unaffected relatives of the large pedigree were investigated. The whole-exome sequencing using next-generation sequencing was employed to identify genetic variants. The data generated from the whole-exome sequencing using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 system were further analyzed by Burrows-Wheeler Aligner software, Sequence Alignment/Map tools and ANNOVAR tool. In vitro luciferase assay was used to investigate the effect of the detected mutation on gene expression. R environment was used to conduct
t
-tests. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (M2011004).

Results:

The exomes of five patients with He-Zhao deficiency and two of their unaffected relatives identified a mutation in
PRKG1α
as the molecular etiology of the disease. The variant c.-144 C>A of
PRKG1
isoform 1 cosegregated with permanent tooth agenesis in 93 family members who were older than 12, at which time the primary teeth should have been replaced with permanent teeth. Functional studies suggested that the mutant allele promotes gene transcription by increasing its promoter activity.

Conclusion:

c.-144 C>A variant of
PRKG1α
involving odontoclast-associated root resorption is responsible for He-Zhao deficiency, unlike other forms of hypodontia, which typically involve odontoblast dysfunction.
Relationships Between Physical Activity Metrics of Intensity and Diabetes
Authors: Moxley Elizabeth , Habtezgi Desale , Subramanian Vasanth , Hwang Sungsoon , Yalla Sai , Attewell Lauren 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Physical activity (PA) prevents diabetes-associated complications. Little is known about what constitutes effective PA interventions to mitigate diabetes. Identifying PA metrics associated with the efficacy of PA interventions will provide insight into devising strategies to treat diabetes.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between preclinical and postclinical variables from a 10-week intervention designed to increase PA in adults with diabetes.

Methods
A secondary analysis was performed to evaluate data using Wilcoxon rank sum test, permutation test and Spearman correlation to analyze hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, and PA metrics (maximum steps per episode, cadence, daily steps, and 6-minute walk).

Results
Poststudy HbA1c level was associated with maximum steps (r = −0.63, P = .03) and 6-minute walk (r = −0.50, P = .09). Baseline weight was associated with average cadence (r = −0.76, P = .007), and poststudy weight was associated with average cadence (r = −0.60, P = .041) and maximum steps (r = −0.62, P = .03).

Conclusions
Cadence and maximum steps per episode reflect PA intensity and were associated with HbA1c and weight in adults with diabetes.
Free flap volume changes: can we predict ideal flap size and future volume loss?
Authors: Dennis Steven K. , Masheeb Zahrah , Abouyared Marianne 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Under anticipating free flap volume may lead to deficits in functional and aesthetic outcomes. Alternatively, over anticipating may compromise airway patency, lead to prolonged tracheostomy dependence or poor oral intake, and cause poor cosmetic outcomes. Surgeons face a fine balance in creating a functional reconstruction that accounts adequately for volume changes in the future.

Recent findings
Recent studies are elucidating the complex and multifactorial volume changes of free flaps that are dependent on postoperative radiation, flap composition, weight fluctuations, and site of reconstruction. Radial forearm free flaps typically lose about 40% of their volume, regardless of patient-dependent variables. Muscle flaps exhibit significant fluctuations with patient-dependent variables. Adipose-prevalent flaps are likely more resistant to radiation effects but are more dependent on postoperative weight changes in the patient.

Summary
Free flap volume over anticipation recommendations range from 1.1 to 1.4 times the final volume to account for future atrophy but patient characteristics including postoperative radiation, anticipated weight loss, and flap composition should be incorporated into intraoperative decisions for final flap volume.
Robotics and cochlear implant surgery: goals and developments
Authors: Shoman Nael M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Cochlear implantation (CI) is a viable option for patients with severe sensorineural hearing loss. Advances in CI have focused on minimizing cochlear trauma to improve hearing preservation outcomes, and in doing so expanding candidacy to patients with useful cochlear reserve. Robotics holds promise as a potential tool to minimize intracochlear trauma with electrode insertion, improve surgical efficiency, and reduce surgical complications. The purpose of this review is to summarize efforts and advances in the field of robotic-assisted CI.

Recent findings
Work on robotics and CI over the past few decades has explored distinct surgical aspects, including image-based surgical planning and intraoperative guidance, minimally invasive robotic-assisted approaches mainly through percutaneous keyhole direct cochlear access, robotic electrode insertion systems, robotic manipulators, and drilling feedback control through end effector sensors. Feasibility and safety have been established and many devices are undergoing clinical trials for clinical adoption, with some having already achieved approval of national licensing bodies.

Summary:
Significant work has been done over the past two decades that has shown robotic-assisted CI to be feasible and safe. Wider clinical adoption can potentially result in improved hearing preservation and quality of life outcomes to more CI candidates.
Inflammation-related Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ji Hongyan , Li Fu , Song Li , Xing Yuqian , Liu Gongrang , Lu Yunfeng , Zhao Ping 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematological disease and is often accompanied by a variety of genetic abnormalities. The pathogenesis of inflammation-related single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in children with ALL remains unclear.

Objective:
This study was to discover the association of the SNP sites of some inflammation-related genes and the susceptibility and treatment response of ALL in children, so as to provide personalized treatment for ALL in children.

Procedure:
One hundred sixty-five childhood ALL patients and 175 age-matched healthy participants were recruited in this study. We investigated the involvement of 31 SNPs of the inflammation-related genes in the pathogenesis and treatment response of childhood ALL.

Results:
Statistical analysis revealed that rs2280714 in IRF5, rs2297630 in SDF-1, rs4353135 in NLRP3, rs1946518 in interleukin-18 were related to the susceptibility to pediatric ALL. Interleukin-1β rs16944 SNP was correlated with ALL risk stage in children. Rs7633631 in CD226 and rs10818488 in TRAF1 were related to the minimal residual disease (MRD) on day 15 and day 33.

Conclusions:
Certain SNPs of inflammation genes were associated with the susceptibility and treatment response of ALL children. These findings may help in the early detection, diagnostic evaluation, and making individual chemotherapy regimen for ALL children according to the genotype of these sites at the time of initial diagnosis.
Adding Insult to Injury
Authors: Hasking Penelope , Staniland Lexy , Boyes Mark , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Language is a powerful form of communication that not only conveys ideas and knowledge but also can assign meaning and value to the world around us. As such, language has the power to shape our attitudes toward individuals, behaviors, and ideas, by labeling them (indirectly or not) as “good” or “bad.” In this way, language can be used to propagate stigma and other unhelpful attitudes toward individuals who already experience stigma. One behavior that may be particularly prone to the impact of unhelpful language is nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). In this article, we draw on Staniland's NSSI stigma framework to demonstrate how an individual with lived experience of NSSI may be exposed to stigmatizing messaging through 30 different channels, and propose that the accumulation of these messages may be particularly damaging. We conclude by offering practical tips for clinicians and researchers wishing to empathically work with individuals who self-injure.
An Autopsy Case Report of Homicide by Methanol Intoxication With Pinkish Bilateral Putamina
Authors: Takahashi Motonori , Kondo Takeshi , Yamasaki Gentaro , Sugimoto Marie , Yoshida Haruhi , Harada Kazuo , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Asano Migiwa , Ueno Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many deaths caused by methanol occur as a result of intentional suicide attempts or accidental ingestion, and several investigators have quantified methanol and formic acid in blood and organs. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports have described regional differences in the concentration of methanol in the brain. A man in his 50s drank alcohol that had been deliberately contaminated with methanol by his wife, and he died of multiple-organ failure after 4 days of intensive medical treatment including hemodialysis. On medicolegal autopsy, cross sections of the brain showed scattered petechial hemorrhage in the brain stem and microscopic hemorrhage with congestion in the bilateral putamina, which showed pinkish discoloration. The concentrations of methanol, formic acid, and ethanol in autopsy samples were measured by headspace gas chromatography, revealing relatively high concentrations of residual methanol and formic acid in the brain (especially in the basal ganglia), although methanol had been eliminated from the blood. Even after 4 days of medical treatment, postmortem toxicological analysis of the brain tissue indicated methanol ingestion. The accumulation of formic acid and the consequent local metabolic acidosis may cause brain lesions.
Resource Savings Associated With Use of an Automated Symptom Monitoring Tool for COVID-19 Public Health Response, Summer 2020-Summer 2021
Authors: Sweeney Kellen F. , Halter Heather M. , Krell Kerry , McCormick Donald , Brown Janet , Simons Aimee , Santiago-Rosas Christian J. , Luna-Anavitate Sylvianette , Ramos-Colon Miriam V. , Marzán-Rodriguez Melissa , Bezold Carla P. 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Active symptom monitoring is a key component of the public health response to COVID-19, but these activities are resource-intensive. Digital tools can help reduce the burden of staff time required for active symptom monitoring by automating routine outreach activities.

Program:
Sara Alert is an open-source, Web-based automated symptom monitoring tool launched in April 2020 to support state, tribal, local, and territorial jurisdictions in their symptom monitoring efforts.

Implementation:
As of October 2021, a total of 23 public health jurisdictions in the United States had used Sara Alert to perform daily symptom monitoring for more than 6.1 million individuals. This analysis estimates staff time and cost saved in 3 jurisdictions that used Sara Alert as part of their COVID-19 response, across 2 use cases: monitoring of close contacts exposed to COVID-19 (Arkansas; Fairfax County, Virginia), and traveler monitoring (Puerto Rico).

Evaluation:
A model-based approach was used to estimate the additional staff resources that would have been required to perform the active symptom monitoring automated by Sara Alert, if monitoring instead relied on traditional methods such as telephone outreach. Arkansas monitored 283 705 individuals over a 10-month study period, generating estimated savings of 61.9 to 100.6 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff, or $2 798 922 to $4 548 249. Fairfax County monitored 63 989 individuals over a 13-month study period, for an estimated savings of 24.8 to 41.4 FTEs, or $2 826 939 to $4 711 566. In Puerto Rico, where Sara Alert was used to monitor 2 631 306 travelers over the 11-month study period, estimated resource savings were 849 to 1698 FTEs, or $26 243 161 to $52 486 322.

Discussion:
Automated symptom monitoring helped reduce the staff time required for active symptom monitoring activities. Jurisdictions reported that this efficiency supported a rapid and comprehensive COVID-19 response even when experiencing challenges with quickly scaling up their public health workforce.
Head-to-head Rasch comparison of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Mobility Section and the Prosthetic Mobility Questionnaire 2.0 in Italian lower-limb prosthesis users
Authors: Franchignoni Franco , Giordano Andrea , Monticone Marco 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Mobility Section (PEQ-MS) and the Prosthetic Mobility Questionnaire (PMQ 2.0) are two validated self-report questionnaires assessing mobility in people with lower-limb amputation.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the psychometric properties of PEQ-MS and PMQ 2.0 in a sample of 100 Italian lower-limb prosthesis users.

Methods:
We conducted a secondary Rasch analysis of data from a prospective single-group observational study, comparing the PEQ-MS and PMQ 2.0 head to head and then cocalibrating them onto a common interval-scaled metric, through common-person equating, to compare their operational range.

Results:
The PMQ 2.0 showed good measurement qualities. The PEQ-MS had acceptable psychometric properties, despite some weakness in item selection. Cocalibration of the two questionnaires indicated that they assess the same underlying construct (prosthetic mobility), but PMQ 2.0 items have a wider range of difficulty (by one logit). Finally, we created a nomogram allowing to “cross-walk” between scores of the two questionnaires.

Conclusions:
Comparison of the two questionnaires showed that the PMQ 2.0 has a better measurement performance and larger operational range than the PEQ-MS, making it more suitable for assessing lower-limb prosthesis users with a large range of locomotor abilities, in particular those with higher mobility levels.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Pectus Carinatum Evaluation Questionnaire used in patients with pectus carinatum treated with compression orthosis
Authors: Alaca Nuray , Arslan Dilek Çağrı , Alaca İhsan , Yüksel Mustafa 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The Pectus Carinatum Evaluation Questionnaire (PCEQ) was developed for use in patients with pectus carinatum (PC) treated with compression orthosis. The questionnaire can be used to develop a strict program in the early follow-up period or to improve patients’ compliance with the treatment after treatment initiation and to improve the quality of life.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PCEQ in patients with PC treated with compression orthosis.

Study design:
Validity and reliability study.

Methods:
This study included 52 volunteer patients with PC, aged 10–18 years. The Cronbach α coefficient, a measure of internal consistency, was used to check questionnaire reliability, and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) was used to check consistency over time. Construct validity was analyzed (correlation analysis) with the days/hours of orthosis use.

Results:
The reliability of the Turkish version of the PCEQ was found to have acceptable-to-sufficient-to-excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α coefficient = 0.701–915). Test-retest reliability calculated for investigating the reliability of the questionnaire over time was found to be excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.880–0.941). Furthermore, treatment compliance hours (r = 0.280, P = 0.044) and days (r = 0.299, P = 0.032) were found to be associated with parents’ influence at a low level and with time to compliance at a moderate level (r = −0.449–457, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The Turkish version of the PCEQ used in patients with PC treated with compression orthosis was found to have sufficient-to-excellent validity and reliability and could be used to develop a strict program for patients with PC using the orthosis or to improve patients’ treatment compliance after treatment initiation. Using this questionnaire may be important to assist the team members in the clinical decision-making process.
The effects of a custom foot orthosis on dynamic plantar pressure in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nakhaee Masoomeh , Mohseni-Bandpei MohammadAli , Mousavi Mohammad Ebrahim , Shakourirad Ali , Safari Reza , Kashani Reza Vahab , Mimar Raghad , Amiri Houshang , Nakhaei Masoud 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. The plantar fascia supports the longitudinal arch and absorbs ground reaction forces during the static and dynamic phase(s) of weight-bearing. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial study was to determine the effects of CAD/CAM foot orthoses that were designed based on the dynamic plantar pressure in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Methods:
This study was performed on 34 patients with plantar fasciitis. Outcomes were compared based on plantar fascia thickness; peak pressure, mean pressure, and maximum force; and pain, activity of daily living, quality of life, and sports activity that were evaluated by ultrasound, plantar pressure platform, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, respectively. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the experimental group (CAD/CAM orthoses and night splint) and the control group (night splint only). All data were recorded again after 4 weeks.

Results:
Pain (P = 0.002) and plantar fascia thickness (P = 0.001) decreased significantly after 1 month of intervention. Activity of daily living (P = 0.044) and quality of life (P = 0.001) showed a significant increase. There was a trend in increasing peak pressure in all masking regions in both groups. The maximum force remarkably reduced in the experimental group in all regions.

Conclusions:
The results demonstrated that CAD/CAM foot orthoses designed based on dynamic plantar pressure with night splint can reduce the plantar fascia thickness and pain associated with plantar fasciitis and increase the activity of daily living, quality of life, and sports activity.