bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging for predicting delayed neurologic sequelae caused by carbon monoxide poisoning: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Shun Yi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
This study summarized and analyzed the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS) caused by carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.

Methods:
PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database were searched to identify relevant articles from their inception to October 30, 2022. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated to investigate MRI for predicting DNS.

Results:
6 studies comprising 635 participants were identified as eligible for the present analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.62–0.81) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86), respectively. The findings of sensitivity analyses proved that the overall results were robust, and no publication bias was detected (P = .49).

Conclusion:
Based on current evidence, MRI may be useful in determining DNS caused by acute CO poisoning.
Successful resuscitation and multidisciplinary management of penetrating brain injury caused by tire explosion: A case report
Authors: Wang Haozhan , Chen Hao , Liu Changtong , Yuan Long , Bao Yonggang , Zhao Guodong , Wang Dengqin , Song Guohong 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is a rare trauma that presents as a difficult and serious surgical emergency for neurosurgeons in clinical practice. Our patient was admitted with a PBI caused by a tire explosion, which is an extremely rare cause of injury.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 28-year-old male patient who suffered a PBI when a tire exploded while it was being inflated with a high-pressure air pump.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with PBI presenting with multiple comminuted skull fractures, massive bone fragments with foreign bodies penetrating the underlying brain tissue of the top right frontal bone, multiple cerebral contusions, and intracranial hematoma.

Interventions:
Emergency combined multidisciplinary surgery was performed for the removal of the fragmented bone pieces, hematoma, and foreign bodies; decompression of the debridement flap; reconstruction of the anterior skull base; and repair of the dura mater.

outcomes:
The patient was successfully resuscitated and discharged 1 month later and is now recovering well.

Lessons:
Patients with PBI are critically ill. Therefore, timely, targeted examinations and appropriate multidisciplinary interventions through a green channel play a key role in assessing the condition, developing protocols, and preventing complications.
The incidence and mortality rate of catheter-related neonatal pericardial effusion: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Wang Qing , Liu Yanxia , Lin Zebin , Janjua Muhammad Usman , Peng Jianxiong , Du Jichang 
Published: November 2022

Backgroud:
Neonatal pericardial effusion (PCE) is one of the most severe complications of central catheters in neonates with its rapid progression and high mortality. We aim to estimate the overall incidence and mortality of catheter-related neonatal PCE, more importantly, to identify possible predictors for clinical reference.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, china national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Sinomed databases for subject words “central catheter,” “neonate,” “pericardial effusion” and their random words till June 8, 2020. This meta-analysis is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Possible predictors of occurrences and deaths were extracted and assessed cooperatively. The pooled incidence rate of catheter-related neonatal PCE was calculated using a random effects model.

Results:
Twenty-one cohort studies and 99 cases were eligible. Pooled incidence is 3·8‰[2.2‰, 6.7‰]. Polyurethane catheters generate significantly more neonatal PCE than silicone counterparts (P < .01). 27% of the patients die. The mortality of patients with bradycardia is higher than others (P < .05). Catheters with a guidewire result in more deaths than umbilical venous catheter (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) (P < .05). Without pericardiocentesis, mortality increases (P < .01). The difference of deaths between reposition and removing the catheter is insignificant (P > .05).

Conclusion:
Central catheters in Seldinger Technique (with a guidewire) put neonates at greater risk of PCE and consequent death. Silicone catheters excel at avoiding deadly catheter-related PCE, which could be a better choice in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). When catheter-related PCE occurs, timely diagnosis and pericardiocentesis save lives.
Sequential organ failure assessment scores to predict outcomes: from adults to neonates
Authors: Fleiss Noa , Polin Richard A. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Organ dysfunction severity scores (sequential organ failure assessment or SOFA) are commonly used in the adult and pediatric populations when assessing risk of mortality and adverse outcomes from sepsis. In contrast to sepsis definition in adults and children, clinical and laboratory criteria for defining neonatal sepsis have been inconclusive. More recently, studies have attempted to better understand the clinical progression of neonatal sepsis and associated mortality. This data has guided the development of a neonatal SOFA (nSOFA) score, based on common patterns of organ dysfunction observed in this population.

Recent findings
Although SOFA scores in the adult and pediatric populations have their limitations with moderate sensitivities and specificities depending on the clinical setting, the nSOFA score has been validated in predicting sepsis attributable mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants across several patient cohorts. Furthermore, the nSOFA score has been adapted for use in neonatal disease states, other than sepsis, with similar prognostic utility.

Summary
Utilizing an nSOFA scoring system for prediction of sepsis attributable mortality in preterm infants allows for targeted interventions based on risk stratification, as well as better delineation of neonatal sepsis with subsequent improvements in research and patient safety outcomes.
The Mental and Physical Health Impacts of Overturning Roe v Wade
Authors: Robinson Gail Erlick , Brown Kara M. , Grigoriadis Sophie , Nadelson Carol C. , Feldman Natalie Sarah , Dhami Nirmajit , Benders-Hadi Nikole , Mittal Leena P. , Wald Marla ,   Group for Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Gender and Mental Health
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The overturning of Roe v Wade has resulted in the loss of reproductive rights for millions of women in the United States. It has also put these women at risk of severe mental and physical health consequences. When legal abortions are restricted, there is a rise in illegal abortion with the risk of hemorrhage, infection, infertility, and death. There are many more risks of carrying a pregnancy to term than health or psychological risks of a legal abortion. Women who have a miscarriage risk having to prove they did not abort. In cases of medical emergencies, doctors may be restricted from performing life-saving abortions for fear of penalties. Women or children who have been victims of rape or incest will have to either have an illegal abortion or carry an unwanted pregnancy to term. In states that allow an abortion in cases of severe risk to a mother's health, panels of internists and psychiatrist may, again, be charged with deciding whether her risks are valid. Women's physical and mental health will suffer.
Advancing Health Equity Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Within a National Health Nonprofit Organization
Authors: Rabinowitz Bailey Lucy , Ubri Petry , Stephens Robert , Redman Sarah , Wiedt Tracy , Watson Lesley , Brown Ashley 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
This study presents survey results assessing the impact of the American Cancer Society (ACS) health equity (HE) training on staff knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HE and social determinants of health (SDOH).

Design:
This study is a quasi-experimental design examining survey responses over time and comparing responses from staff who participated in ACS HE training sessions and education opportunities and those who did not.

Setting:
An electronic Web survey was distributed to all ACS and American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network (ACS CAN) staff in each of the 3 years that the training was held (2018-2020).

Participants:
ACS and ACS CAN staff who chose to take the survey were included in the study.

Intervention:
Engagement with training hosted by the ACS HE team was examined. Training sessions were intended to introduce staff to HE and SDOH in the context of cancer outcomes and provide staff with the skills to become HE champions in the organization.

Main Outcome Measures:
This study examines whether participation in training sessions hosted by the HE team had an impact on knowledge of HE terms, attitudes, and beliefs about HE and engagement with HE.

Results:
Trained respondents had a significantly higher HE knowledge summary score (98%) than those who were not trained (79%, SD = 0.26100, P < .001). Respondents who participated in training were more likely to believe that they could advance HE through their work at ACS and ACS CAN (88% compared with 66% of those who were not trained, SD = 0.47300, P < .001). Respondents who participated in training scored an average of 4.7 out of 6 on HE engagement compared with 3.8 among the untrained (SD = 1.425, P < .001).

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate that participation in HE training is associated with higher levels of knowledge about HE and stronger personal attitudes and beliefs about the importance of addressing SDOH. This is a foundational step in staff taking action to integrate HE concepts into their day-to-day work toward reducing inequities in access to cancer treatment and health outcomes.
Theory in Action: Public Health and Community Power Building for Health Equity
Authors: Heller Jonathan C. , Little Olivia M. , Faust Victoria , Tran Paula , Givens Marjory L. , Ayers Jeanne , Farhang Lili 
Published: November 2022

Context:
Within the field of public health, there is growing awareness of how complex social conditions shape health outcomes and the role that power plays in driving health inequities. Despite public health frameworks lifting up the need to tackle power imbalances to advance equity, there is little guidance on how to accomplish this as an integral part of health promotion.

Objective:
This article addresses the need for public health professionals to better understand power and identifies opportunities for shifting power to achieve more equitable outcomes. First, it defines power and community power building. Next, it reviews a pragmatic theoretical framework that organizes power into 3 faces: (1) exercising influence in formal decision-making processes; (2) organizing the decision-making environment; and (3) shaping worldviews about social issues. Finally, it connects each face of power to community power-building practices using concrete examples.

Implementation:
This article highlights real-world case examples to demonstrate how theory translates to action by describing how public health practitioners in government, academic, and nonprofit settings incorporate the 3 faces of power into their work. The case examples illustrate how public health organizations and practitioners can partner with those most impacted by inequities to help shape decision making, agenda setting, and worldviews to influence policy and practice toward more equitable outcomes.

Discussion:
The public health field can learn from and build on these innovative examples to establish new practices, scale up promising approaches, and evaluate what works to shift power for the greater good.
Wastewater genomic surveillance captures early detection of Omicron in Utah
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Liao Stefan , Ezekiel Maleea , Novak Nicolle , Rossi Alessandro , LaCross Nathan , Oakeson Kelly , Rohrwasser Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a powerful public health tool to trace new outbreaks, detect trends in infection and provide an early warning of COVID-19 community spread. Here, we investigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections across Utah by characterizing lineages and mutations detected in wastewater samples. We sequenced over 1,200 samples from 32 sewersheds collected between November 2021 and March 2022. Wastewater sequencing confirmed the presence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) in Utah in samples collected on November 19, 2021, up to ten days before its corresponding detection via clinical sequencing. Analysis of diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages revealed Delta as the most frequently detected lineage during November, 2021 (67.71%), but it started declining in December, 2021 with the onset of Omicron (B.1.1529) and its sub-lineage BA.1 (6.79%). Proportion of Omicron increased to ∼58% by January 4th 2022 and completely displaced Delta by February 7th, 2022. Wastewater genomic surveillance revealed the presence of Omicron sub-lineage BA.3, a lineage that is yet to be identified from Utah’s clinical surveillance. Interestingly, several Omicron-defining mutations began to appear in early November, 2021 and increased in prevalence across sewersheds from December to January. Our study suggests that tracking epidemiologically relevant mutations is critical in detecting emerging lineages in the early stages of an outbreak. Wastewater genomic epidemiology provides an unbiased representation of community-wide infection dynamics and is an excellent complementary tool to SARS-CoV-2 clinical surveillance, with the potential of guiding public health action and policy decisions.
The influence of COVID-19 risk perception and vaccination status on the number of social contacts across Europe: insights from the CoMix study
Authors: Wambua James , Loedy Neilshan , Jarvis Christopher I , Wong Kerry LM , Faes Christel , Grah Rok , Prasse Bastian , Sandmann Frank , Niehus Rene , Johnson Helen , Edmunds W.John , Beutels Philippe , Hens Niel , Coletti Pietro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics have been greatly modulated by human contact behaviour. To curb the spread of the virus, global efforts focused on implementing both Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) and pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccination. This study was conducted to explore the influence of COVID-19 vaccination status and risk perceptions related to SARS-CoV-2 on the number of social contacts of individuals in 16 European countries. This is important since insights derived from the study could be utilized in guiding the formulation of risk communication strategies.MethodsWe used data from longitudinal surveys conducted in the 16 European countries to measure social contact behaviour in the course of the pandemic. The data consisted of representative panels of participants in terms of gender, age and region of residence in each country. The surveys were conducted in several rounds between December 2020 and September 2021. We employed a multilevel generalized linear mixed effects model to explore the influence of risk perceptions and COVID-19 vaccination status on the number of social contacts of individuals.ResultsThe results indicated that perceived severity played a significant role in social contact behaviour during the pandemic after controlling for other variables. More specifically, participants who perceived COVID-19 to be a serious illness made fewer contacts compared to those who had low or neutral perceptions of the COVID-19 severity. Additionally, vaccinated individuals reported significantly higher number of contacts than the non-vaccinated. Further-more, individual-level factors played a more substantial role in influencing contact behaviour than country-level factors.ConclusionOur multi-country study yields significant insights on the importance of risk perceptions and vaccination in behavioral changes during a pandemic emergency. The apparent increase in social contact behaviour following vaccination would require urgent intervention in the event of emergence of an immune escaping variant. Hence, insights derived from this study could be taken into account when designing, implementing and communicating COVID-19 interventions.
Wikipedia as a tool for contemporary history of science: A case study on CRISPR
Authors: Benjakob Omer , Guley Olha , Sevin Jean-Marc , Blondel Leo , Augustoni Ariane , Collet Matthieu , Jouveshomme Louise , Amit Roy , Linder Ariel , Aviram Rona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRapid developments and methodological divides hinder the study of how scientific knowledge accumulates, consolidates and transfers to the public sphere. Our work proposes using Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, as a historiographical source for contemporary science. We chose the high-profile field of gene editing as our test case, performing a historical analysis of the English-language Wikipedia articles on CRISPR. Using a mixed method approach, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed its text, sections and references, alongside 50 affiliated articles. These, we found, documented CRISPR’s maturation from a fundamental scientific discovery to a biotechnological revolution with vast social and cultural implications. We developed automated tools to support such research generically and demonstrated its applicability on two other scientific fields we have previously studied - COVID-19 and Circadian clocks. This method makes use of Wikipedia as a digital and free archive, documenting the incremental growth of knowledge and the manner scientific research accumulates and translates into public discourse. Using Wikipedia in this manner compliments and overcomes some issues with contemporary histories and can also augment existing bibliometric research.
Deep brain stimulation improves symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia through targeting of thalamic sensorimotor connectivity
Authors: Hart Michael G , Polyhronopoulos Nancy , Sandhu Mandeep K , Honey Christopher R 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpasmodic dysphonia is a dystonia of the vocal chords producing difficulty with speech. Current hypotheses are that this is a condition of dysregulated thalamic sensory-motor integration. A recent randomised controlled trial of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) demonstrated its safety and efficacy. Our objective was to determine if the outcome could be predicted by stimulation of thalamic sensorimotor regions and adjacent white matter connectivity as assessed by diffusion tractography.MethodsA cohort of six participants undergoing thalamic deep brain stimulation for adductor spasmodic dysphonia was studied. Electrodes were localised with the Lead-DBS toolbox. Group-based analyses were performed with atlases, co-ordinates, and using voxel-based symptom mapping. Diffusion tensor imaging (3 Tesla, 64 directions, 2mm isotropic) was used to perform individual probabilistic tractography (cerebellothalamic tract and pallidothalamic tract) and segmentation of the thalamus. Monopolar review was performed at 0.5V and binarised as effective or ineffective.ResultsEffective contacts stimulated more of thalamic regions connected to sensorimotor cortex than ineffective contacts (p<0.05, FDR corrected). This effect was consistent across analytical and statistical techniques. Group-level and tractography analyses did not identify a specific ‘sweet spot’ suggesting the benefit of DBS is derived from modulating individual thalamic sensorimotor connectivity. Stimulations at one year involved predicted thalamic sensorimotor regions with additional cerebellothalamic tract involvement.ConclusionsSymptoms of spasmodic dysphonia are effectively treated by DBS. Stimulation of thalamic sensorimotor areas was associated with symptomatic improvement. These data are consistent with DBS acting upon pathophysiologically dysregulated thalamic sensorimotor integration in spasmodic dysphonia.What is known on this topicSpasmodic dysphonia is a dystonia affecting speech with few treatment options other than speech therapy and botulinum toxin.What this study addsDeep brain stimulation is demonstrated to be an effective therapy by targeting sensorimotor areas of the thalamus.How might this study affect research, practice or policyThese data add to the evidence that spasmodic dysphonia is due to dysregulated thalamic sensorimotor integration, and also suggest novel targets for steering stimulation towards to maximise benefit.
Exploring a targeted approach for public health capacity restrictions during COVID-19 using a new computational model
Authors: Micuda Ashley N. , Anderson Mark R. , Babayan Irina , Bolger Erin , Cantin Logan , Groth Gillian , Pressman-Cyna Ry , Reed Charlotte Z. , Rowe Noah J. , Shafiee Mehdi , Tam Benjamin , Vidal Marie C. , Ye Tianai , Martin Ryan D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work introduces the Queen’s University Agent-Based Outbreak Outcome Model (QUABOOM), a new, data-driven, agent-based Monte Carlo simulation for modelling epidemics and informing public health policy in a wide range of population sizes. We demonstrate how the model can be used to quantitatively inform capacity restrictions for COVID-19 to reduce their impact on small businesses by showing that public health measures should target few locations where many individuals interact rather than many locations where few individuals interact. We introduce a new method for the calculation of the basic reproduction rate that can be applied to low statistics data such as small outbreaks. A novel parameter to quantify the number of interactions in the simulations is introduced which allows our agent-based model to be run using small population sizes and interpreted for larger populations, thereby improving computational efficiency.
Associations between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder genetic liability and ICD-10 medical conditions in adults: Utilizing electronic health records in a Phenome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Haan Elis , Krebs Kristi , Võsa Urmo , Brikell Isabell , Larsson Henrik ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Lehto Kelli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often comorbid with other medical conditions in adult patients. However, ADHD is extremely underdiagnosed in adults and little is known about the medical comorbidities in undiagnosed adult individuals with high ADHD liability. In this study we investigated associations between ADHD genetic liability and electronic health record (EHR)-based ICD-10 diagnoses across all diagnostic categories, in individuals without ADHD diagnosis history.MethodsWe used data from the Estonian Biobank cohort (N=111,261) and generated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ADHD (PRSADHD) based on the ADHD genome-wide association study. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to test for associations between standardized PRSADHDand 1,515 EHR-based ICD-10 diagnoses in the full and sex-stratified sample. We compared the observed significant ICD-10 associations to associations with: 1) ADHD diagnosis and 2) questionnaire-based high ADHD risk analyses.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction (p=3.3×10-5) we identified 80 medical conditions associated with PRSADHD. The strongest evidence was seen with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=1.15, CI=1.11-1.18), obesity (OR=1.13, CI=1.11-1.15), and type 2 diabetes (OR=1.11, CI=1.09-1.14). Sex-stratified analysis generally showed similar associations in males and females. Out of all identified associations, 40% and 78% were also observed using ADHD diagnosis or questionnaire-based ADHD, respectively, as the predictor.ConclusionsOverall our findings indicate that ADHD genetic liability is associated with an increased risk of a substantial number of medical conditions in undiagnosed individuals. These results highlight the need for timely detection and improved management of ADHD symptoms in adults.