bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coseismic Displacement and Slip Distribution of the 21 May 2021 Mw 6.1 Earthquake in Yangbi, China Derived From InSAR Observations
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Li Yujiang , Liang Kuan , Li Hao , Jiang Wenliang 
Published: March 2022

On 21 May 2021, a Mw 6.1 earthquake struck Yangbi County, Yunnan Province, China. In this study, InSAR data from Sentinel-1 SAR images were processed to image the coseismic deformation fields of the Yangbi earthquake. Then, the optimal slip model was obtained by applying the particle swarm optimization method. The interferometry results revealed that the earthquake triggered obvious surface deformation near the epicenter, while the earthquake did not produce an obvious surface rupture zone from field investigation. The optimal slip model suggests that the strike of the seismogenic fault responsible for this event is 139°, the dip angle is 81°, and the average rake angle is -170°. Additionally, the slip was concentrated mainly at depths of 2–8 km, the maximum dip-slip amount was 0.5 m, and the cumulative seismic moment reached 1.43 × 1018 N⋅m, equivalent to a Mw 6.1 earthquake. The geodetic and geophysical inversion results demonstrate that the Yangbi earthquake was dominated by a steeply dipping dextral strike-slip rupture. The rupture fault generally strikes NNW-SSE, which is consistent with that of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault, and may be a relatively new fault formed by an E-W-oriented extension of the western boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block. Finally, based on the InSAR results in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of ground fissures and the strong historical earthquakes, we analyzed the tectonic background preceding the Yangbi earthquake and analyzed the relationship between the Yangbi earthquake and strong historical earthquakes in the region, thereby providing empirical evidence for analyzing seismic risk and fault rupture parameters, interpreting seismic deformation characteristics, and better understanding the seismogenic background of the western boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block.
Integrating Ecosystems and Socioeconomic Systems to Identify Ecological Security Pattern and Restoration Strategy in a Rapidly Urbanizing Landscape
Authors: Tan Jieqi , Li Hui , Lin Wei 
Published: March 2022

The rapid process of urbanization has been accompanied by a disordered expansion of construction land, which has resulted in the degradation of ecosystem services. The identification of ecological security patterns (ESPs) is an important means to coordinating human-land relationships and carrying out ecological restoration strategies, which are of great significance to protecting ecological sustainability. However, previous studies have ignored the mutual impact of urbanization and ecological protection, which leads to the contradiction between them and useless of ESPs. This paper takes a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan area as an example. Ecological sources were identified based on the integration of ecosystem services and socioeconomic indicators by the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method, which considers the trade-off between ecosystems and socioeconomic systems. The Linkage Mapper tool was used to extract ecological corridors, and thus ecological barrier points and pinch points were identified to implement ecological restoration. ESPs included 158 ecological sources according to the results. In more detail, the ecological sources and corridors were mainly distributed in the area dominated by ecosystem indicators, whereas the central urban area contributed less ecological sources, which indicates that the trade-off between ecosystems and socioeconomic systems has a significant impact on the construction of ESPs. Specifically, 406 ecological corridors were classified into different resistance levels to extract 433.26 km2 barrier points and 458.51 km2 pinch points. The study also proposed primary and secondary ecological restoration strategies for medium-, high- and low-resistance corridors based on the optimization of ESPs, which could not only improve ecosystem quality, but also fulfil the demands of human well-being. The integration of ecosystems and socioeconomic systems improves the existing methods for identifying ecological sources and restoration priority areas, and provides a scientific basis for balancing the development of urbanization and ecological protection in metropolitan regions.
The Shared Mechanism and Candidate Drugs of Multiple Sclerosis and Sjögren’s Syndrome Analyzed by Bioinformatics Based on GWAS and Transcriptome Data
Authors: Hong Xiangxiang , Wang Xin , Rang Xinming , Yin Xinyue , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Rui , Wang Duo , Zhao Tingting , Fu Jin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the shared mechanism and candidate drugs of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).MethodsMS- and SS-related susceptibility genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by bioinformatics analysis based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome data from GWAS catalog and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Pathway enrichment, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and protein–protein interaction analysis for susceptibility genes and DEGs were performed. The drugs targeting common pathways/genes were obtained through Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), DrugBank database, and Drug–Gene Interaction (DGI) Database. The target genes of approved/investigational drugs for MS and SS were obtained through DrugBank and compared with the common susceptibility genes.ResultsBased on GWAS data, we found 14 hub common susceptibility genes (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA, STAT3, JAK1, HLA-B, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, TYK2, IL2RA, and MAPK1), with 8 drugs targeting two or more than two genes, and 28 common susceptibility pathways, with 15 drugs targeting three or more than three pathways. Based on transcriptome data, we found 3 hub common DEGs (STAT1, GATA3, PIK3CA) with 3 drugs and 10 common risk pathways with 435 drugs. “JAK-STAT signaling pathway” was included in common susceptibility pathways and common risk pathways at the same time. There were 133 overlaps including JAK-STAT inhibitors between agents from GWAS and transcriptome data. Besides, we found that IL2RA and HLA-DRB1, identified as hub common susceptibility genes, were the targets of daclizumab and glatiramer that were used for MS, indicating that daclizumab and glatiramer may be therapeutic for SS.ConclusionWe observed the shared mechanism of MS and SS, in which JAK-STAT signaling pathway played a vital role, which may be the genetic and molecular bases of comorbidity of MS with SS. Moreover, JAK-STAT inhibitors were potential therapies for MS and SS, especially for their comorbidity.
Aquaporin-4 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fang Yi , Dai Shaobing , Jin Chongyao , Si Xiaoli , Gu Luyan , Song Zhe , Gao Ting , Chen Ying , Yan Yaping , Yin Xinzhen , Pu Jiali , Zhang Baorong 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAquaporin-4 (AQP4) facilitates a sleep-enhanced interstitial brain waste clearance system. This study was conducted to determine the clinical implication of AQP4 polymorphisms in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsThree-hundred and eighty-two patients with PD and 180 healthy controls with a mean follow-up time of 66.1 months from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative study were analyzed. We examined whether AQP4 SNPs were associated with an altered rate of motor or cognitive decline using linear mixed model and Cox regression. We then investigated whether AQP4 SNPs were associated with Aβ burden as measured by 18F Florbetapir standard uptake values. Furthermore, we examined if AQP4 SNPs moderated the association between REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and CSF biomarkers.ResultsIn patients with PD, AQP4 rs162009 (AA/AG vs. GG) was associated with slower dementia conversion, better performance in letter-number sequencing and symbol digit modalities, lower Aβ deposition in the putamen, anterior cingulum, and frontotemporal areas. In the subgroup of high RBD screening questionnaire score, rs162009 AA/AG had a higher CSF Aβ42 level. rs162009 AA/AG also had better performance in semantic fluency in healthy controls. Besides, rs68006382 (GG/GA vs. AA) was associated with faster progression to mild cognitive impairment, worse performance in letter-number sequencing, semantic fluency, and symbol digit modalities in patients with PD.InterpretationGenetic variations of AQP4 and subsequent alterations of glymphatic efficacy might contribute to an altered rate of cognitive decline in PD. AQP4 rs162009 is likely a novel genetic prognostic marker of glymphatic function and cognitive decline in PD.
Cerebellar and Prefrontal Structures Associated With Executive Functioning in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Badaly Daryaneh , Beers Sue R. , Ceschin Rafael , Lee Vincent K. , Sulaiman Shahida , Zahner Alexandria , Wallace Julia , Berdaa-Sahel Aurélia , Burns Cheryl , Lo Cecilia W. , Panigrahy Ashok 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveChildren, adolescents, and young adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) often display executive dysfunction. We consider the prefrontal and cerebellar brain structures as mechanisms for executive dysfunction among those with CHD.Methods55 participants with CHD (M age = 13.93) and 95 healthy controls (M age = 13.13) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, from which we extracted volumetric data on prefrontal and cerebellar regions. Participants also completed neuropsychological tests of executive functioning; their parents completed ratings of their executive functions.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, those with CHD had smaller cerebellums and lateral, medial, and orbital prefrontal regions, they performed more poorly on tests of working memory, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility, and their parents rated them as having poorer executive functions across several indices. Across both groups, there were significant correlations for cerebellar and/or prefrontal volumes with cognitive assessments of working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibitory control and with parent-completed ratings of task initiation, working memory, and planning/organization. Greater prefrontal volumes were associated with better working memory, among those with larger cerebellums (with group differences based on the measure and the prefrontal region). Greater prefrontal volumes were related to better emotional regulation only among participants with CHD with smaller cerebellar volumes, and with poorer inhibition and emotional regulation only among healthy controls with larger cerebellar volumes.ConclusionThe cerebellum not only contributes to executive functioning among young individuals with CHD but may also modulate the relationships between prefrontal regions and executive functioning differently for pediatric patients with CHD vs. health controls.
Infant Formula Supplemented With Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Synbiotics Is Associated With Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structure of Healthy Children Aged 6 Years: The COGNIS Study
Authors: Nieto-Ruiz Ana , García-Santos José A. , Verdejo-Román Juan , Diéguez Estefanía , Sepúlveda-Valbuena Natalia , Herrmann Florian , Cerdó Tomás , De-Castellar Roser , Jiménez Jesús , Bermúdez Mercedes G. , Pérez-García Miguel , Miranda M. Teresa , López-Sabater M. Carmen , Catena Andrés , Campoy Cristina 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAdequate nutrient intake during the first few months of life plays a critical role on brain structure and function development.ObjectivesTo analyze the long-term effects of an experimental infant formula (EF) on neurocognitive function and brain structure in healthy children aged 6 years compared to those fed with a standard infant formula or breastfed.MethodsThe current study involved 108 healthy children aged 6 years and participating in the COGNIS Study. At 0–2 months, infants were randomized to receive up to 18 months of life a standard infant formula (SF) or EF enriched with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and synbiotics. Furthermore, a reference group of breastfed (BF) infants were also recruited. Children were assessed using neurocognitive tests and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 6 years old.ResultsExperimental infant formula (EF) children showed greater volumes in the left orbital cortex, higher vocabulary scores and IQ, and better performance in an attention task than BF children. EF children also presented greater volumes in parietal regions than SF kids. Additionally, greater cortical thickness in the insular, parietal, and temporal areas were found in children from the EF group than those fed with SF or BF groups. Further correlation analyses suggest that higher volumes and cortical thickness of different parietal and frontal regions are associated with better cognitive development in terms of language (verbal comprehension) and executive function (working memory). Finally, arachidonic acid (ARA), adrenic acid (AdA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in cheek cell glycerophospholipids, ARA/DHA ratio, and protein, fatty acid, and mineral intake during the first 18 months of life seem to be associated with changes in the brain structures at 6 years old.ConclusionsSupplemented infant formula with MFGM components, LC-PUFAs, and synbiotics seems to be associated to long-term effects on neurocognitive development and brain structure in children at 6 years old.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02094547.
Dynamic Observation of Lung Nodules on Chest CT Before Diagnosis of Early Lung Cancer
Authors: Du Qiaodan , Peng Jia , Wang Xiuyu , Ji MingFang , Liao Yuting , Tang Binghang 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveEarly recognition and diagnosis of lung cancer can help improve the prognosis of patients. However, early imaging patterns of malignant lung nodules are not fully clear. To understand the early imaging signs of malignant lung cancer nodules, the changes of the lung nodules before diagnosis were dynamically observed and analyzed.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study observed dynamic changes of lung nodules before pathological confirmation with consecutive regular chest CT examination from January 2003 to December 2018. At least 3 follow-up CT scans were performed in all cases, and the interval between each follow-up was about 1 year. The size, density, and morphological signs of the nodules were evaluated based on the CT axial image, and a reverse line chart or scatter plot with the diagnosis time as coordinate origin was constructed.ResultsA total of 55 lung nodules in 53 patients (mean age, 58.40 years ±11.43 [standard deviation]; 20 women) were accessed. The follow-up time was 5.96 ± 2.68 years. The average diameters in maximum slice of the lesion at baseline and last scan were 6.83 ± 2.92 mm and 16.65 ± 7.34 mm, respectively. According to the reverse line chart, the nodule growth curve segments within 4 years from the last scan showed an ascending shape, and those beyond 4 years showed a flat shape. There are 90.9% (50/55) GGN and 9.1% (5/55) SN when the lesion first appears, and 21.8% (12/55) GGN, 38.2% (21/55) PSN, and 40% (22/55) SN in the last scan. There are 12.7% (7/55) and 98.2% (54/55) nodules with poor morphological signs at baseline and last scan, respectively.ConclusionAt the time node close to the diagnosis, the growth curve showed an upward pattern; the proportion of PSN and SN rose as the main density types; and the appearance of poor morphological signs of nodules increased. When a persistent lung nodule starts to show a malignant change, a further diagnostic workup is warranted.
Neutropenic Diet Cannot Reduce the Risk of Infection and Mortality in Oncology Patients With Neutropenia
Authors: Ma Yimei , Lu Xiaoxi , Liu Hanmin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of a neutropenic diet and a control diet on infection and mortality rates in oncology patients with neutropenia.MethodsWe searched the following English electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar Engine. Published studies involving neutropenic diets (study group) and control diets (control group) in oncology patients with neutropenia were searched. The focus of the meta-analysis was on the outcomes of infection and mortality rates. A subgroup analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of 6 studies were included, with a total sample size of 1114 patients. The patients in the study group had a similar infection rate compared with the patients in the control group (P = 0.11). The patients in the study group had a similar mortality rate compared with the patients in the control group (P = 0.74). Another subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of infection was also similar for pediatric (P = 0.74) and adult (P = 0.11) oncology patients between the study and control groups.ConclusionsBased on the current evidence, this meta-analysis showed that the application of a neutropenic diet cannot reduce the risk of infection and mortality in oncology patients with neutropenia. However, more rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this conclusion in the future.
Stereotactic MR-Guided Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Tumors: Dosimetric Benefit of Adaptation and First Clinical Results in a Prospective Registry Study
Authors: Michalet Morgan , Bordeau Karl , Cantaloube Marie , Valdenaire Simon , Debuire Pierre , Simeon Sebastien , Portales Fabienne , Draghici Roxana , Ychou Marc , Assenat Eric , Dupuy Marie , Gourgou Sophie , Colombo Pierre-Emmanuel , Carrere Sebastien , Souche François-Regis , Aillères Norbert , Fenoglietto Pascal , Azria David , Riou Olivier 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionStereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy (SMART) is an attractive modality of radiotherapy for pancreatic tumors. The objectives of this prospective registry study were to report the dosimetric benefits of daily adaptation of SMART and the first clinical results in pancreatic tumors.Materials and MethodsAll patients treated in our center with SMART for a pancreatic tumor were included. Patients were planned for five daily-adapted fractions on consecutive days. Endpoints were acute toxicities, late toxicities, impact of adaptive treatment on target volume coverage and organs at risk (OAR) sparing, local control (LC) rate, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsThirty consecutive patients were included between October 2019 and April 2021. The median dose prescription was 50 Gy. No patient presented grade &gt; 2 acute toxicities. The most frequent grade 1–2 toxicities were asthenia (40%), abdominal pain (40%), and nausea (43%). Daily adaptation significantly improved planning target volume (PTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) coverage and OAR sparing. With a median follow-up of 9.7 months, the median OS, 6-month OS, and 1-year OS were 14.1 months, 89% (95% CI: 70%–96%), and 75% (95% CI: 51%–88%), respectively, from SMART completion. LC at 6 months and 1 year was respectively 97% (95% CI: 79–99.5%) and 86% (95% CI: 61%–95%). There were no grade &gt; 2 late toxicities. With a median follow-up of 10.64 months, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) patients (22 patients) had a median OS, 6-month OS, and 1-year OS from SMART completion of 14.1 months, 76% (95% CI: 51%–89%), and 70% (95% CI: 45%–85%), respectively. Nine patients underwent surgical resection (42.1% of patients with initial LAPC and 33.3% of patients with BRPC), with negative margins (R0). Resected patients had a significantly better OS as compared to unresected patients (p = 0.0219, hazard ratio (HR) = 5.78 (95% CI: 1.29–25.9)).ConclusionSMART for pancreatic tumors is feasible without limiting toxicities. Daily adaptation demonstrated a benefit for tumor coverage and OAR sparing. The severity of observed acute and late toxicities was low. OS and LC rates were promising. SMART achieved a high secondary resection rate in LAPC patients. Surgery after SMART seemed to be feasible and might increase OS in these patients.
Early Surgery Prolongs Professional Activity in IDH Mutant Low-Grade Glioma Patients: A Policy Change Analysis
Authors: Robe Pierre A. , Rados Matea , Spliet Wim G. , Hoff Reinier G. , Gosselaar Peter , Broekman Marike L. D. , van Zandvoort Martine J. , Seute Tatjana , Snijders Tom J. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundUntil 2015, Dutch guidelines recommended follow-up and biopsy rather than surgery as initial care for suspected low-grade gliomas (LGG). Given evidence that surgery could extend patient survival, our center stopped following this guideline on January 1, 2010 and opted for early maximal safe resection of LGG. The effects of early surgery on the ability of patients to work remains little documented.MethodsA total of 104 patients operated on at our center between January 2000 and April 2013 and diagnosed with the WHO 2016 grade 2 astrocytoma, IDH mutant or oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and deleted 1p19q were included. The clinical characteristics, survival, and work history of patients operated on before or after January 2010 were obtained from the patients’ records and compared. The minimal follow-up was 8 years.ResultsAs per policy change, the interval between radiological diagnosis and first surgery decreased significantly after 2010. Likewise, before 2010, 25.8% of tumors were initially biopsied, 51.6% were resected under anesthesia, and 22.5% under awake conditions versus 14.3%, 23.8%, and 61.9% after this date (p &lt; 0.001). The severity of permanent postoperative neurological deficits decreased after 2010. In total, 82.5% of the patients returned to work postoperatively before 2010 versus 100% after 2010. The postoperative control of epilepsy increased significantly after 2010 (74.4% vs. 47.9%). The median time from diagnosis to a definitive incapacity to work increased by more than 2 years after 2010 (88.7 vs. 62.2 months).ConclusionA policy shift towards early aggressive surgical treatment of IDH mutant LGG is safe and prolongs the patients’ ability to work.