bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-current-density Rutherford MgB2 cable sheathed by CuNi30 alloy
Authors: Kováč P , Kopera L , Berek D , Hain M , Melišek T , Hušek I , Kováč J , Búran M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A Rutherford-type MgB2 cable has been fabricated from 12 six-core strands prepared by an internal magnesium diffusion (IMD) process with a resistive CuNi30 outer sheath. The uniformity of individual strands of diameter 0.448 mm prior to and after additional densification by rolling was studied by x-ray micro-tomography. The engineering current densities of the cable samples were measured at 4.2 K and external magnetic fields between 4.0 T and 8.0 T and compared with available published data. The presented Rutherford cable has the highest engineering current density with J
e = 104 A cm2 measured in an external magnetic field of 5.73 T. The bending tolerance of the cable shows a critical diameter of 60 mm and less gradual critical current degradation in comparison to similar cables fabricated from single-core strands. The AC loss measurements of the present cable show lower coupling losses in comparison to monolithic multicore IMD conductors. The obtained results are promising for high-current-density and low-AC-loss MgB2 superconducting cables that are suitable especially for motors and generators.
Polarization-independent tunable terahertz slow light with electromagnetically induced transparency metasurface
Authors: Devi Koijam Monika , Jana Arun , Punjal Ajinkya , Acharyya Nityananda , Prabhu Shriganesh S , Roy Chowdhury Dibakar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tunable slow light systems have gained much interests recently due to their efficient control of strong light–matter interactions as well as their huge potential for realizing tunable device applications. Here, a dynamically tunable polarization independent slow light system is experimentally demonstrated via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a terahertz (THz) metasurface constituted by plus and dimer-shaped resonators. Optical pump-power dependent THz transmissions through the metasurface samples are studied using the optical pump THz probe technique. Under various photoexcitations, the EIT spectra undergo significant modulations in terms of its resonance line shapes (amplitude and intensity contrast) leading to dynamic tailoring of the slow light characteristics. Group delay and delay bandwidth product values are modulated from 0.915 ps to 0.42 ps and 0.059 to 0.025 as the pump fluence increases from 0 to 62.5 nJ cm−2. This results in tunable slow THz light with group velocities ranging from 2.18 × 105 m s−1 to 4.76 × 105 m s−1, almost 54% change in group velocity. The observed tuning is attributed to the photo-induced modifications of the optoelectronic properties of the substrate layer. The demonstrated slow light scheme can provide opportunities for realizing dynamically tunable slow light devices, delay lines, and other ultrafast devices for THz domain.
Effect of dynamical screening on quantized longitudinal electrical conductivity in neutron star mergers
Authors: Sarkar S , Adhya S P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the calculation of longitudinal electrical conductivity in magnetized plasma considering dynamical screening in the context of binary neutron star mergers. We consider strongly quantizing domain for significant modification in the transport coefficient due to magnetic field. Boltzmann equation is solved to obtain dissipative component of the electrical conductivity tensor in presence of magnetic field. The longitudinal electrical conductivity is formulated considering dynamically screened medium with magnetically modified screening. Numerical evaluations show that the effect of screening on electrical conductivity is less whereas inclusion of dynamical screening results in profound modification. Dynamical screening reduces electrical conductivity leading to a reduction in relevant magnetic field decay time scale.
PVGAN: a generative adversarial network for object simplification in prosthetic vision
Authors: Elnabawy Reham H , Abdennadher Slim , Hellwich Olaf , Eldawlatly Seif 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. By means of electrical stimulation of the visual system, visual prostheses provide promising solution for blind patients through partial restoration of their vision. Despite the great success achieved so far in this field, the limited resolution of the perceived vision using these devices hinders the ability of visual prostheses users to correctly recognize viewed objects. Accordingly, we propose a deep learning approach based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), termed prosthetic vision GAN (PVGAN), to enhance object recognition for the implanted patients by representing objects in the field of view based on a corresponding simplified clip art version. Approach. To assess the performance, an axon map model was used to simulate prosthetic vision in experiments involving normally-sighted participants. In these experiments, four types of image representation were examined. The first and second types comprised presenting phosphene simulation of real images containing the actual high-resolution object, and presenting phosphene simulation of the real image followed by the clip art image, respectively. The other two types were utilized to evaluate the performance in the case of electrode dropout, where the third type comprised presenting phosphene simulation of only clip art images without electrode dropout, while the fourth type involved clip art images with electrode dropout. Main results. The performance was measured through three evaluation metrics which are the accuracy of the participants in recognizing the objects, the time taken by the participants to correctly recognize the object, and the confidence level of the participants in the recognition process. Results demonstrate that representing the objects using clip art images generated by the PVGAN model results in a significant enhancement in the speed and confidence of the subjects in recognizing the objects. Significance. These results demonstrate the utility of using GANs in enhancing the quality of images perceived using prosthetic vision.
Quantifying uncertainty about global and regional economic impacts of climate change
Authors: Bjordal Jenny , Storelvmo Trude , Smith Jr Anthony A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The economic impacts of climate change are highly uncertain. Two of the most important uncertainties are the sensitivity of the climate system and the so-called damage functions, which relate climate change to economic costs and benefits. Despite broad awareness of these uncertainties, it is unclear which of them is most important, especially at the regional level. Here we construct regional damage functions, based on two different global damage functions, and apply them to two climate models with vastly different climate sensitivities. We find that uncertainty in both climate sensitivity and aggregate economic damages per degree of warming are of similar importance for the global economic impact of climate change, with the decrease in global economic productivity ranging between 4% and 24% by the end of the century under a high-emission scenario. At the regional level, however, the effects of climate change can vary even more substantially, depending both on a region’s initial temperature and the amount of warming it experiences, with some regions gaining in productivity and others losing. The ranges of uncertainty are therefore potentially much larger at a regional level. For example, at the end of the century, under a high-emission scenario, we find that India’s productivity decreases between 13% and 57% and Russia’s increases between 24% and 74%, while Germany’s change in productivity ranges from an increase of 8% to a decrease of 4%. Our findings emphasise the importance of including these uncertainties in estimates of future economic impacts, as they are vital for the resulting impacts and thus policy implications.
How can blue carbon burial in seagrass meadows increase long-term, net sequestration of carbon? A critical review
Authors: Johannessen Sophia C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Blue carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows has been proposed as a low-risk, nature-based solution to offset carbon emissions and reduce the effects of climate change. Although the timescale of seagrass carbon burial is too short to offset emissions of ancient fossil fuel carbon, it has a role to play in reaching net zero within the modern carbon cycle. This review documents and discusses recent advances (from 2015 onwards) in the field of seagrass blue carbon. The net burial of carbon is affected by seagrass species, meadow connectivity, sediment bioturbation, grainsize, the energy of the local environment, and calcium carbonate formation. The burial rate of organic carbon can be calculated as the product of the sediment accumulation rate below the mixed layer and the burial concentration of organic carbon attributable to seagrass. A combination of biomarkers can identify seagrass material more precisely than bulk isotopes alone. The main threats related to climate change are sea-level rise, leading to a shoreline squeeze, and temperature rise, particularly during extreme events such as heat domes. In conclusion, some of the disagreement in the literature over methodology and the main controls on organic carbon burial likely results from real, regional differences in seagrasses and their habitat. Inter-regional collaboration could help to resolve the methodological differences and provide a more robust understanding of the global role of blue carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows.
Diffraction of an off-axis vector-beam by a tilted aperture
Authors: Remesh Ghanasyam , B S Athira , Gucchait Shyamal , Banerjee Ayan , Ghosh Nirmalya , Dutta Gupta Subhasish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Manifestations of orbital angular momentum induced effects in the diffraction of a radially polarized vector beam by an off-axis tilted aperture are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were carried out to extract the degree of circular polarization, which was shown to be proportional to the on-axis component of the spin angular momentum density. We report a clear separation of the regions of dominance of the right and left circular polarizations associated with positive and negative topological charges respectively, which is reminiscent of the standard vortex-induced transverse shift, albeit in the diffraction scenario. The experimental results are supported by model simulations and the agreement is quite satisfactory. The results are useful to appreciate the orbit-orbit related effects due to unavoidable misalignment problems (especially for vortex beams).
The integral geometric Satake equivalence in mixed characteristic
Authors: Yu Jize 
Published: August 2022

Let

k
k

be an algebraically closed field of characteristic

p
p

. Denote by

W
(
k
)

W(k)

the ring of Witt vectors of

k
k

. Let

F
F

denote a totally ramified finite extension of

W
(
k
)
[
1

/

p
]

W(k)[1/p]

and

O

\mathcal {O}

its ring of integers. For a connected reductive group scheme

G
G

over

O

\mathcal {O}

, we study the category

P

L
+

G

(
G

r
G

,
Λ
)

\mathrm {P}_{L^+G}(Gr_G,\Lambda )

of

L
+

G

L^+G

-equivariant perverse sheaves in

Λ
\Lambda

-coefficient on the Witt vector affine Grassmannian

G

r
G

Gr_G

where

Λ
=

Z

ℓ

\Lambda =\mathbb {Z}_{\ell }

and

F

ℓ

(
ℓ
≠
p
)

\mathbb {F}_{\ell } \ (\ell \ne p)

, and prove that it is equivalent as a tensor category to the category of finitely generated

Λ
\Lambda

-representations of the Langlands dual group of

G
G

.
Genome size and endoreplication in two pairs of cytogenetically contrasting species of Pulmonaria (Boraginaceae) in Central Europe
Authors: Koprivý Lukáš , Fráková Viera , Kolarčik Vladislav , Mártonfiová Lenka , Dudáš Matej , Mártonfi Pavol 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Genome size is species-specific feature and commonly constant in an organism. In various plants, DNA content in cell nucleus is commonly increased in process of endoreplication, cellular-specific multiplication of DNA content without mitosis. This leads to the endopolyploidy, the presence of multiplied chromosome sets in a subset of cells. The relationship of endopolyploidy to species-specific genome size is rarely analysed and is not fully understood. While negative correlation between genome size and endopolyploidy level is supposed, this is species- and lineage-specific. In the present study, we shed light on this topic, exploring both genome size and endoreplication-induced DNA content variation in two pairs of morphologically similar species of Pulmonaria, P. obscura–P. officinalis and P. mollis–P. murinii. We aim (i) to characterize genome size and chromosome numbers in these species using cytogenetic, root-tip squashing and flow cytometry (FCM) techniques; (ii) to investigate the degree of endopolyploidy in various plant organs, including the root, stem, leaf, calyx and corolla using FCM; and (iii) to comprehensively characterize and compare the level of endopolyploidy and DNA content in various organs of all four species in relation to species systematic relationships and genome size variation. We have confirmed the diploid–dysploid nature of chromosome complements, and divergent genome sizes for Pulmonaria species: P. murinii with 2n = 2x = 14, 2.31 pg/2C, P. obscura 2n = 2x = 14, 2.69 pg/2C, P. officinalis 2n = 2x = 16, 2.96 pg/2C and P. mollis 2n = 2x = 18, 3.18 pg/2C. Endopolyploidy varies between species and organs, and we have documented 4C–8C in all four organs and up to 32C (64C) endopolyploid nuclei in stems at least in some species. Two species with lower genome sizes tend to have higher endopolyploidy levels than their closest relatives. Endoreplication-generated tissue-specific mean DNA content is increased and more balanced among species in all four organs compared to genome size. Our results argue for the narrow relationship between genome size and endopolyploidy in the present plant group within the genus Pulmonaria, and endopolyploidization seems to play a compensatory developmental role in organs of related morphologically similar species.
Kin do not always help: testing multiple hypotheses on nest feeding in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Cousseau Laurence , Van de Loock Dries , Apfelbeck Beate , Githiru Mwangi , Matthysen Erik , Lens Luc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn cooperatively breeding species, group members may derive multiple benefits from helping to raise other individuals’ offspring, yet not all individuals do so. In this study, we tested predictions from the “kin selection”, “pay-to-stay”, “group augmentation” and “skills” hypotheses, to explain why group members feed nestlings of breeding placid greenbuls (Phyllastrephus placidus). In our study population, about 70% of the breeding pairs were accompanied by subordinates, and in 60% of these cases at least one subordinate helped in provisioning nestlings. In total, 80% of the subordinates were related to one or both breeders. In accordance with the “kin selection” hypothesis, and contrary to the “pay-to-stay” hypothesis, all the helpers were first-order kin of the breeding female (although relatedness to the breeding male did not explain variation in helping) and the presence of helpers was associated with increased survival of the breeding pair. However, the propensity to help varied among group members, as 46% of group members related to the breeding female did not feed nestlings. Younger helpers fed offspring more often than older ones, supporting the “skills” and “group augmentation” hypotheses. However, support for the “group augmentation” hypothesis was mixed since subordinate sex and group size did not explain additional variation in helping propensity and effort. We argue that in addition to indirect and direct benefits, also the costs of helping as well as other types of helping aside from provisioning must be considered to better understand variation in helping behavior.
CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, ADHD and ASD
Authors: Pavinato Lisa , Delle Vedove Andrea , Carli Diana , Ferrero Marta , Carestiato Silvia , Howe Jennifer L , Agolini Emanuele , Coviello Domenico A , van de Laar Ingrid , Au Ping Yee Billie , Di Gregorio Eleonora , Fabbiani Alessandra , Croci Susanna , Mencarelli Maria Antonietta , Bruno Lucia P , Renieri Alessandra , Veltra Danai , Sofocleous Christalena , Faivre Laurence , Mazel Benoit , Safraou Hana , Denommé-Pichon Anne-Sophie , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A , Giesbertz Noor , van Jaarsveld Richard H , Childers Anna , Rogers R Curtis , Novelli Antonio , De Rubeis Silvia , Buxbaum Joseph D , Scherer Stephen W , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Wirth Brunhilde , Brusco Alfredo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We describe an autosomal dominant disorder associated with loss-of-function variants in the Cell cycle associated protein 1 (CAPRIN1; MIM*601178). CAPRIN1 encodes a ubiquitous protein that regulates the transport and translation of neuronal mRNAs critical for synaptic plasticity, as well as mRNAs encoding proteins important for cell proliferation and migration in multiple cell types. We identified 12 cases with loss-of-function CAPRIN1 variants, and a neurodevelopmental phenotype characterized by language impairment/speech delay (100%), intellectual disability (83%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (82%) and autism spectrum disorder (67%). Affected individuals also had respiratory problems (50%), limb/skeletal anomalies (50%), developmental delay (42%) feeding difficulties (33%), seizures (33%) and ophthalmologic problems (33%).
In patient-derived lymphoblasts and fibroblasts, we showed a monoallelic expression of the wild-type allele, and a reduction of the transcript and protein compatible with a half dose. To further study pathogenic mechanisms, we generated sCAPRIN1+/− human induced pluripotent stem cells via CRISPR–Cas9 mutagenesis and differentiated them into neuronal progenitor cells and cortical neurons. CAPRIN1 loss caused reduced neuronal processes, overall disruption of the neuronal organization and an increased neuronal degeneration. We also observed an alteration of mRNA translation in CAPRIN1+/− neurons, compatible with its suggested function as translational inhibitor. CAPRIN1+/− neurons also showed an impaired calcium signalling and increased oxidative stress, two mechanisms that may directly affect neuronal networks development, maintenance and function. According to what was previously observed in the mouse model, measurements of activity in CAPRIN1+/− neurons via micro-electrode arrays indicated lower spike rates and bursts, with an overall reduced activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency causes a novel autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder and identify morphological and functional alterations associated with this disorder in human neuronal models.
‘Hippocampal innate inflammatory gliosis only’ in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Grote Alexander , Heiland Dieter-Henrik , Taube Julia , Helmstaedter Christoph , Ravi Vidhya M , Will Paulina , Hattingen Elke , Schüre Jan-Rüdiger , Witt Juri-Alexander , Reimers Annika , Elger Christian , Schramm Johannes , Becker Albert J , Delev Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drug-resistant mesial-temporal lobe epilepsy is a devastating disease with seizure onset in the hippocampal formation. A fraction of hippocampi samples from epilepsy-surgical procedures reveals a peculiar histological pattern referred to as ‘gliosis only’ with unresolved pathogenesis and enigmatic sequelae. Here, we hypothesize that ‘gliosis only’ represents a particular syndrome defined by distinct clinical and molecular characteristics.
We curated an in-depth multiparameter integration of systematic clinical, neuropsychological as well as neuropathological analysis from a consecutive cohort of 627 patients, who underwent hippocampectomy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. All patients underwent either classic anterior temporal lobectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy. On the basis of their neuropathological exam, patients with hippocampus sclerosis and ‘gliosis only’ were characterized and compared within the whole cohort and within a subset of matched pairs. Integrated transcriptional analysis was performed to address molecular differences between both groups.
‘Gliosis only’ revealed demographics, clinical and neuropsychological outcome fundamentally different from hippocampus sclerosis. ‘Gliosis only’ patients had a significantly later seizure onset (16.3 versus 12.2 years, P = 0.005) and worse neuropsychological outcome after surgery compared to patients with hippocampus sclerosis. Epilepsy was less amendable by surgery in ‘gliosis only’ patients, resulting in a significantly worse rate of seizure freedom after surgery in this subgroup (43% versus 68%, P = 0.0001, odds ratio = 2.8, confidence interval 1.7–4.7). This finding remained significant after multivariate and matched-pairs analysis. The ‘gliosis only’ group demonstrated pronounced astrogliosis and lack of significant neuronal degeneration in contrast to characteristic segmental neuron loss and fibrillary astrogliosis in hippocampus sclerosis. RNA-sequencing of gliosis only patients deciphered a distinct transcriptional programme that resembles an innate inflammatory response of reactive astrocytes.
Our data indicate a new temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome for which we suggest the term ‘Innate inflammatory gliosis only’. ‘Innate inflammatory gliosis only’ is characterized by a diffuse gliosis pattern lacking restricted hippocampal focality and is poorly controllable by surgery. Thus, ‘innate inflammatory gliosis only’ patients need to be clearly identified by presurgical examination paradigms of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients; surgical treatment of this subgroup should be considered with great precaution. ‘Innate inflammatory gliosis only’ requires innovative pharmacotreatment strategies.
Astrogliosis in aging and Parkinson’s disease dementia: a new clinical study with 11C-BU99008 PET
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed A , Zeng Zhou , Gennaro Marta , Lao-Kaim Nicholas P , Myers Jim F M , Calsolaro Valeria , Femminella Grazia Daniela , Tyacke Robin J , Martin-Bastida Antonio , Gunn Roger N , Nutt David J , Edison Paul , Piccini Paola , Roussakis Andreas-Antonios 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The role of astrogliosis in the pathology of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases has recently drawn great attention. Imidazoline-2 binding sites represent a possible target to map the distribution of reactive astrocytes. In this study, we use 11C-BU99008, an imidazoline-2 binding sites-specific PET radioligand, to image reactive astrocytes in vivo in healthy controls and patients with established Parkinson’s disease dementia. Eighteen healthy controls (age: 45–78 years) and six patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia (age: 64–77 years) had one 11C-BU99008 PET-CT scan with arterial input function. All subjects underwent one 3 T MRI brain scan to facilitate the analysis of the PET data and to capture individual cerebral atrophy. Regional 11C-BU99008 volumes of distribution were calculated for each subject by the two-tissue compartmental modelling. Positive correlations between 11C-BU99008 volumes of distribution values and age were found for all tested regions across the brain within healthy controls (P &lt; 0.05); furthermore, multiple regression indicated that aging affects 11C-BU99008 volumes of distribution values in a region-specific manner. Independent samples t-test indicated that there was no significant group difference in 11C-BU99008 volumes of distribution values between Parkinson’s disease dementia (n = 6; mean age = 71.97 ± 4.66 years) and older healthy controls (n = 9; mean age = 71.90 ± 5.51 years). Our data set shows that astrogliosis is common with aging in a region-specific manner. However, in this set-up, 11C-BU99008 PET cannot differentiate patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia from healthy controls of similar age.