bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Prerequisites for Improving Prejudiced Ranking(s) with Individual and Post Hoc Interventions
Authors: Jönsson Martin L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recruitment, promotion, admission, and other forms of wealth and power apportion, an evaluator typically ranks a set of candidates in terms of their perceived competence. If the evaluator is prejudiced, the resulting ranking will misrepresent the candidates’ actual ranking. This constitutes not only a moral and a practical problem, but also an epistemological one, which begs the question of what we should do – epistemologically – to mitigate it. The article is an attempt to begin to answer this question. I first explore the presuppositions that must obtain for individual interventions to likely yield positive epistemological effects in ranking situations. I then compare these with the corresponding presuppositions of a novel, ‘post hoc’ approach to deprejudicing due to Jönsson and Sjödahl (Episteme 14(4):499–517, 2017), which does not attempt to change evaluators but attempts to increase the veracity of the rankings they produce after the fact (but before the rankings give rise to discriminatory effects) using statistical methods. With these two sets of presuppositions in place, I describe the limitations imposed by each presupposition on its intervention, compare presuppositions across the two kinds of interventions, and conclude that the two kinds of interventions importantly complement each other by having fairly disjoint, but non–conflicting, presuppositions. The post hoc intervention can thus complement an individual intervention (and vice versa) in situations where both are applicable (by adding further increases in veracity), but also by applying to situations where that intervention is not applicable (and thereby increase veracity in situations beyond the reach of that intervention).
Obtaining synthetic indications and sorting relevant structures from complex hierarchical clusters of multivariate data
Authors: Fustioni Damiano , Vignati Federica , Niro Alfonso 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHierarchical clustering of multivariate data usually provide useful information on the similarity among elements. Unfortunately, the clustering does not immediately suggest the data-governing structure. Moreover, the number of information retrieved by the data clustering can be sometimes so large to make the results little interpretable. This work presents two tools to derive relevant information from a large number of quantitative multivariate data, simply by post-processing the dendrograms resulting from hierarchical clustering. The first tool helps gaining a good insight in the physical relevance of the obtained clusters, i.e. whether the detected families of elements result from true or spurious similarities due to, e.g., experimental uncertainty. The second tool provides a deeper knowledge of the factors governing the distribution of the elements in the multivariate space, that is the determination of the most relevant parameters which affect the similarities among the configurations. These tools are, in particular, suitable to process experimental results to cope with related uncertainties, or to analyse multivariate data resulting from the study of complex or chaotic systems.
Investigation of the doping mechanism and electron transition bands of PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films
Authors: Al-Bataineh Qais M. , Aljarrah Ihsan A. , Ahmad Ahmad A. , Alsaad Ahmad M. , Telfah Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyethylene oxide (PEO) incorporated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was prepared using the solution casting technique forming PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films. The physicochemical properties, doping mechanism, and electron transition bands of PEO/KMnO4 were investigated. Introducing KMnO4 PEO matrix led to a decrease in crystallinity degree and optical bandgap energy due to the creation of polarons and bipolarons that form new energy levels in the bandgap between the HOMO and LUMO; in addition, to form of a new transition band appears at about 380 nm is attributed to the $$n{-}{\pi }^{*}$$

n
-

π

∗

electronic transitions are generated due to the unsaturated center of the molecules. The existence of KMnO4 in the polymer matrix leads to the blocking of light in the 250–400 nm range. Consequently, PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films could be used as UV-light shielding filters. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the PEO/KMnO4 complex composite films increases as KMnO4 concentration is increased in the PEO matrix since the created new energy levels in the bandgap between the HOMO and LUMO can be populated with conduction electrons providing true ohmic conduction with the delocalization of the electron densities moving on the polymer chain.
Research on Rhetorical Devices in German: The Use of Rhetorical Questions in Sales Presentations
Authors: Neitsch Jana , Niebuhr Oliver 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious literature recommends using stylistic (or rhetorical) devices in presentations such as rhetorical questions (RQs: Does anyone want bad teeth?) to make them more professional, to appear more charismatic, and to convince an audience. However, in oral presentations, it is not only the what that matters in using stylistic devices like RQs, but also the how, i.e., the RQs’ prosodic realization. To date, however, virtually no handbook on the way of giving a good presentation scrutinizes this prosodic how. Therefore, our investigation focuses on the prosodic realization of German RQs in sales pitches. Specifically, we carry out a perception experiment in which 72 listeners rated both the sales pitch and its speaker based on presentations that contained questions that were lexically biased towards a rhetorical interpretation. They were realized with either the prosody of RQs or information-seeking questions (ISQs: What time is it?). An additional baseline condition was constituted by regular declarative statements with the corresponding prosody. More precisely, we investigate whether particular identified prosodic realizations—previously found for German RQs and ISQs—meet the listeners’ expectation in the context of a presentation situation. We found that listeners prefer lexically marked RQs that are produced with a prosody that is characteristic of German ISQs. We therefore suggest that handbooks should provide their readers not only with clear definitions of RQs as a stylistic device in presentations (i.e., the what), but also with the respective prosodic realization (i.e., the how) to make them a properly implemented stylistic device.
Implementation of an Individual + Policy, System, and Environmental (I + PSE) Technical Assistance Initiative to Increase Capacity of MCH Nutrition Strategic Planning
Authors: Herman Dena R. , Blom Amy , Tagtow Angela , Cunningham-Sabo Leslie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Childhood obesity disproportionately affects low-income women, children, racial/ethnic minorities, and rural populations. To effectively promote sustainable change, healthy eating and active living initiatives should apply individual plus policy, systems, and environmental (I + PSE) approaches.

Methods
Four public health maternal and child nutrition teams selected through an application process participated in 12 months of technical assistance (TA) to develop action plans incorporating I + PSE in nutrition programming. TA included: (1) online modules; (2) community of practice (CoP) meetings; and (3) individual coaching sessions. Teams completed midpoint and endpoint surveys to assess TA knowledge and process outcomes. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted post TA were transcribed and content analysis used to characterize themes and sub-themes.

Results
Facilitators to implementing I + PSE approaches included TA delivery through online modules, participation in the CoP, and individual coaching to address barriers to implementation and leadership support. Barriers were time and funding limitations, working in isolation, and lack of infrastructure and self-efficacy. Co-learning helped TA teams overcome stagnancy and promote development of creative solutions. Teams recognized relationship-building as integral to systems development.

Discussion
Lessons learned occurred across three main areas: relationships, capacity-building, and barriers encountered. Relationship formation takes time and is often not recognized as an asset impacting public health programing. Relationship direction – upstream, downstream, and lateral - affects ability to build organizational and systems capacity. While this study includes a small number of public health nutrition teams, this practice-based research highlights the value of I + PSE TA to tackle complex problems, with reciprocal, multisectoral support to enhance public health nutrition program impact.
Modulation of CREB and its associated upstream signaling pathways in pesticide-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Rekha Koravadi , Andrade Daicy , Mumbrekar Kamalesh Dattaram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman beings are exposed to various environmental xenobiotics throughout their life consisting of a broad range of physical and chemical agents that impart bodily harm. Among these, pesticide exposure that destroys insects mainly by damaging their central nervous system also exerts neurotoxic effects on humans and is implicated in the etiology of several degenerative disorders. The connectivity between CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding Protein) signaling activation and neuronal activity is of broad interest and has been thoroughly studied in various diseased states. Several genes, as well as protein kinases, are involved in the phosphorylation of CREB, including BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Pi3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AKT (Protein kinase B), RAS (Rat Sarcoma), MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase), PLC (Phospholipase C), and PKC (Protein kinase C) that play an essential role in neuronal plasticity, long-term potentiation, neuronal survival, learning, and memory formation, cognitive function, synaptic transmission, and suppressing apoptosis. These elements, either singularly or in a cascade, can result in the modulation of CREB, making it a vulnerable target for various neurotoxic agents, including pesticides. This review provides insight into how these various intracellular signaling pathways converge to bring about CREB activation and how the activated or deactivated CREB levels can affect the gene expression of the upstream molecules. We also discuss the various target genes within the cascade vulnerable to different types of pesticides. Thus, this review will facilitate future investigations associated with pesticide neurotoxicity and identify valuable therapeutic targets.
Accumulating Birth Histories Across Surveys for Improved Estimates of Child Mortality
Authors: Schmidt Laura , Elkasabi Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProducing reliable estimates for childhood mortality rates is essential to monitor progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and correctly evaluate policies designed to reduce childhood mortality rates. Different model-based approaches have been proposed to assess levels and trends in childhood mortality indicators. In this paper, we propose a design-based complement that accumulates birth histories across different household surveys to increase the precision of childhood mortality rates estimates. We accumulate birth histories across different cross-sectional Demographic Health Surveys/Multiple Cluster Indicator Surveys collected in Senegal and Malawi and estimate pooled childhood mortality rates based on calendar years. We show that accumulating birth histories smoothens fluctuations in time series for national and sub-national mortality rates, establishes more stable and reliable time trends, and results in estimated standard errors of the cumulated rates that are about 50–60% lower than their counterparts from separate surveys.
Recognition and longevity: an examination of award timing and lifespan in Nobel laureates
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Mixon Franklin G. , Sarkar Jayanta , Torgler Benno 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing data for 387 Nobel Prize winners in physics, chemistry, or physiology/medicine from 1901 to 2000, this study focuses on the relation between the timing of prestigious awards and human longevity. In particular, it uses a linear regression model to examine how a winner’s longevity is affected by (1) the age at which the prestigious award is won, (2) the total number of prestigious awards collected, and (3) the delay between the Nobel Prize work and recognition. To alleviate estimation issues stemming from survival selection, we conduct our analyses using subsamples of surviving individuals and controlling for age-specific life expectancy. Our results suggest that receiving the Nobel Prize at a younger age is related to a longer expected lifespan (e.g., obtaining the Nobel Prize 10 years earlier is associated with an additional 1 year of lifespan compared to the average population life expectancy). The results also point to a strong negative association between the age of receiving major scientific awards and relative life expectancy, which further indicates the benefit of early recognition. Yet, we did not find evidence suggesting that thenumberof prestigious awards received at an earlier age correlated with longevity. Nor are we able to observe that the duration between Nobel Prize work and the award reception (waiting time for the Nobel Prize recognition) is associated with changes in longevity.
The geographic proximity effect on domestic cross-sector vis-à-vis intra-sector research collaborations
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , Apponi Francesca , D’Angelo Ciriaco Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGeographic proximity is acknowledged to be a key factor in research collaborations. Specifically, it can work as a possible substitute for institutional proximity. The present study investigates the relevance of the “proximity” effect for different types of national research collaborations. We apply a bibliometric approach based on the Italian 2010–2017 scientific production indexed in the Web of Science. On such dataset, we apply statistical tools for analyzing if and to what extent geographical distance between co-authors in the byline of a publication varies across collaboration types, scientific disciplines, and along time. Results can inform policies aimed at effectively stimulating cross-sector collaborations, and also bear direct practical implications for research performance assessments.
Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Model to Predict Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Ghareeb Waleed , Elfeki Hossam , El Sorogy Mohamed , Fouad Amgad , Elrefai Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Prediction of the onset of de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) would be helpful in decision-making and selection of the optimal bariatric procedure for every patient. The present study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to predict the onset of GERD after SG to help clinicians and surgeons in decision-making.

Materials and Methods
A prospectively maintained database of patients with severe obesity who underwent SG was used for the development of the AI model using all the available data points. The dataset was arbitrarily split into two parts: 70% for training and 30% for testing. Then ranking of the variables was performed in two steps. Different learning algorithms were used, and the best model that showed maximum performance was selected for the further steps of machine learning. A multitask AI platform was used to determine the cutoff points for the top numerical predictors of GERD.

Results
In total, 441 patients (76.2% female) of a mean age of 43.7 ± 10 years were included. The ensemble model outperformed the other models. The model achieved an AUC of 0.93 (95%CI 0.88–0.99), sensitivity of 79.2% (95% CI 57.9–92.9%), and specificity of 86.1% (95%CI 70.5–95.3%). The top five ranked predictors were age, weight, preoperative GERD, size of orogastric tube, and distance of first stapler firing from the pylorus.

Conclusion
An AI-based model for the prediction of GERD after SG was developed. The model had excellent accuracy, yet a moderate sensitivity and specificity. Further prospective multicenter trials are needed to externally validate the model developed.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of DYRK1A Expression on TNNT2 Splicing and Daunorubicin Toxicity in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Cejas Romina Beatriz , Tamaño-Blanco Miriam , Fontecha John Edgar , Blanco Javier Guillermo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCardiac troponin T (encoded by TNNT2) is involved in the contraction of cardiomyocytes during beating. The alternative splicing of TNNT2 results in four transcript variants with differential Ca2+ sensitivity. The splicing of TNNT2 involves phosphorylation of the splicing factor SRSF6 by DYRK1A. Altered TNNT2 splicing patterns have been identified in failing human hearts. There is a paucity of studies describing DYRK1A-SRSF6-TNNT2 interplays in human cardiomyocytes. Also, it is not known whether the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to cardiotoxic anthracyclines is modified in the context of variable DYRK1A-TNNT2 expression. In this study, we investigated the impact of DYRK1A on the endogenous expression of TNNT2 splicing variants in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We also examined whether DYRK1A expression modifies the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to the cardiotoxic drug daunorubicin (DAU). DYRK1A over-expression increased the abundance of TNNT2 fetal variants by ~ 58% whereas the abundance of the adult cTnT3 variant decreased by ~ 27%. High DYRK1A expression increased the phosphorylation of SRSF6 by ~ 25–65%. DAU cytotoxicity was similar between cardiomyocytes with variable levels of DYRK1A expression. DYRK1A over-expression ameliorated the impact of DAU on beating frequency. This study lays the foundation to further investigate the contribution of variable DYRK1A-TNNT2 expression to Ca2+ handling and beating in human cardiomyocytes.
Inflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , Di Matteo Andrea , Farah Sonia , Di Carlo Marco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFrailty is a new concept in rheumatology that can help identify people more likely to have less favorable outcomes. Sarcopenia and inflammaging can be regarded as the biological foundations of physical frailty. Frailty is becoming more widely accepted as an indicator of ageing and is linked to an increased risk of negative outcomes such as falls, injuries, and mortality. Frailty identifies a group of older adults that seem poorer and more fragile than their age-matched counterparts, despite sharing similar comorbidities, demography, sex, and age. Several studies suggest that inflammation affects immune-mediated pathways, multimorbidity, and frailty by inhibiting growth factors, increasing catabolism, and by disrupting homeostatic signaling. Frailty is more common in the community-dwelling population as people get older, ranging from 7 to 10% in those over 65 years up to 40% in those who are octogenarians. Different parameters have been validated to identify frailty. These primarily relate to two conceptual models: Fried’s physical frailty phenotype and Rockwood’s cumulative deficit method. Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis, are leading causes of frailty in developing countries. The aim of this review was to quantitatively synthesize published literature on the prevalence of frailty in IMRDs and to summarize current evidence on the relevance and applicability of the most widely used frailty screening tools.
Produktion von Aminosäurederivaten in Cyanobakterien
Authors: Brandenburg Fabian , Klähn Stephan , Schmid Andreas , Krömer Jens O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs photolithoautotrophs, cyanobacteria are key to a future photobiotechnology. We studied the capacity of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to produce trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, a valuable chiral synthon using oxygenic photosynthesis and a recombinant L-proline-4-hydroxylase. At scale, such a process would use comparable area of land to a heterotrophic one if the photosynthesis of sugar is also considered. Phototrophs offer a huge potential for higher production rates and product titers.
Genomische Signaturen des Übergangs zur Mehrzelligkeit
Authors: Becks Lutz , John Uwe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examined the evolution of cell groups in ten isogenic lines of the unicellular green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtiiupon exposure to a rotifer predator and found that cell groups evolving in the presence of predation had increased survival compared to single cells but at a cost of reduced reproduction. Identical mutations evolved in cell group isolates and were associated with their growth form. The observation of repeated genomic changes after 500 generations of predator selection, suggest some level of deterministic evolution.
Empirical estimation of rock mass deformation modulus of rocks: comparison of intact rock properties and rock mass classifications as inputs
Authors: Aladejare Adeyemi Emman , Malachi Ozoji Toochukwu , Adebayo Idris Musa , Lawal Abiodun Ismail , Onifade Moshood 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeformation modulus of rock mass (Em) is an important parameter for the analysis and design of mining engineering projects. However, field tests for measuring deformation modulus of rock mass are difficult, time-consuming, and capital intensive. This has led to the development of numerous empirical models for estimating rock mass deformation modulus, which are in different forms and scattered in the literature. The numerous models available in the literature use different types of inputs. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive compilation of different empirical models for estimating the deformation modulus of rock masses. The compiled models are grouped based on their type of input parameter(s) into three categories such as those using intact rock properties, rock mass classification indices, and combination of intact rock properties and rock mass classification indices. Then, a comparative analysis was performed using absolute average relative error percentage (AAREP) and variance accounted for (VAF) to assess the reliability of using different types of inputs for estimation of deformation modulus of rock masses using data from two sites. The results of the analyses show that rock mass classification indices are the most reliable indices for estimating the deformation modulus of rock masses among the categories considered for analyses. For AAREP analyses in the two illustrative examples considered in this study, models (7 out of 10) using rock mass classification indices in the estimation of Em have the best performances with AAREP values ranging from 24.07 to 55.15%. For VAF analyses in the two examples, models (8 out of 10) using rock mass classification indices in the estimation of Em have the best performances with values ranging from 59.81 to 88.11%. The lowest errors and highest deviation similarities from models using rock mass classification indices indicate that they produce the most reliable estimations of Em. It is important to note that the reliability of deformation modulus estimated from empirical models depends on the quality of input data as the models performed differently across the sites used in this study. This study therefore provides a compilation of available models for estimating deformation modulus, performance evaluation of available models for estimating deformation modulus, and guidelines for selecting appropriate model for estimating deformation modulus of rock mass.