bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI Radiomics Signature of Pediatric Medulloblastoma Improves Risk Stratification Beyond Clinical and Conventional MR Imaging Features
Authors: Zheng Hui , Li Jinning , Liu Huanhuan , Ting Gui , Yin Qiufeng , Li Rui , Liu Ming , Zhang Yuzhen , Duan Shaofeng , Li Yuhua , Wang Dengbin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPrognostic evaluation is important for personalized treatment in children with medulloblastoma (MB). Limited data are available for risk stratification using a radiomics‐based model.PurposeTo evaluate the incremental value of an MRI radiomics signature in stratifying the risk of pediatric MB in terms of overall survival (OS).Study typeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 111 children (mean age 5.82 years) with pathologically confirmed MB divided into training and validation cohorts (77 and 34 children, respectively).Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging with inversion recovery.AssessmentThe study endpoint was OS defined as the time between the preoperative MRI study and death or last follow‐up. The radiomics signature model and a clinical‐MRI model were developed for personalized OS prediction. An integrative model, which combined the radiomics signature and clinical‐MRI features, was also built using multivariable Cox regression model. The performance of the three models was evaluated with the C‐index. The performance of integrative model was assessed by calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).Statistical TestsIndependent T‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher's exact tests or chi‐square test, logistic regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, C‐index, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe media OS was 2.83 years (3.87 ± 1.85 years). Two clinical and one conventional MR imaging features (remnant, adjuvant treatment, and peritumoral edema) were selected for clinical‐MRI model building. The integrative model evaluated OS (C‐index 0.823) better than either the radiomics signature (C‐index 0.702) or the clinical‐MRI model (C‐index 0.771). And it also showed good performance in the validation cohort (C‐indices: 0.786, 0.756, 0.721), which was validated by the good calibration (P > 0.05) and more benefit.Data ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the integrative model, which combined radiomics signature, clinical, and conventional MRI features, showed best performance in OS evaluation for children with MB. The radiomics signature may confer incremental value over clinical‐MRI features.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Radiographic and clinical signs of periodontitis and associated bacterial species in a Swedish adolescent population
Authors: Lindholm Mark , Claesson Rolf , Löf Hanna , Chiang Huei‐Min , Oscarsson Jan , Johansson Anders , Åberg Carola Höglund 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis in adolescents has historically been rare in the Nordic countries but could be expected to increase due to changing demographics. The primary aim was to cross‐sectionally examine the presence of radiographic bone loss in adolescents in Västerbotten County, Sweden. The secondary aim was to compare periodontal and microbial parameters, as well as demographic patterns, between controls without bone loss and cases with bone loss.MethodsAdolescents born in 2001 who had a dental examination in 2016 (n = 1656) were screened for proximal bone loss using bitewing radiographs taken during dental examinations (2014–2016). Individuals exhibiting proximal bone loss (>2 mm) were invited to participate in a complete periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque and saliva were also sampled. For each adolescent with bone loss, two healthy individuals as controls were examined. Selected bacterial species in saliva and subgingival plaque were examined by quantitative PCR. The subgingival plaque samples were also analyzed via cultivation technique.ResultsProximal bone loss was identified in 24 individuals (1.45%) based on the radiographs. Thirteen of these cases were periodontally examined and matched with 26 controls. Most cases were diagnosed with periodontitis (12/13 [92%]), whereas none of the controls had periodontitis. Higher concentrations and higher prevalence of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Filifactor alocis were generally found in the cases.ConclusionThe results suggest that periodontitis is increasing among adolescents in Sweden because of demographic differences (an increasingly heterogenous population), and emphasize the importance of radiographs for early detection of this disease.
Waterborne Acrylic Resin Containing Luminescent Eu3+ Pigments for Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Bertozzi Andrea Fausto , Picchi Alberto , Pucci Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study reports the use of waterborne acrylic resin as a polymer matrix for thin‐film luminescent solar concentrators (LSC). A water dispersable lanthanide complex based on commercially available Eu3+ chelate (Lumilux SDP Red, Lu Red) is utilized as the red‐emitting pigment. The derived thin polymer films of about 100 µm show absorptions of the organic ligand comprised between 300 and 400 nm, flanked by scattering phenomena caused by the presence of the micro‐sized pigment particles, whose dispersion is not adversely affected by concentration. The film's emission displays the typical fluorescence of Eu3+ chelates around 600 nm with quantum yields between 20 and 36%. External quantum efficiencies (ηext) are found to increase up to 4–4.5% with Lu Red content less than 10–15%, while dropping to about 3% at the highest content, possibly due to the adverse influence of the scattering phenomena within the waveguide. Maximum device efficiencies (ηdev) of 0.70% confirm the potentiality offered by the new LSC systems, thus definitely supporting the waterborne polymer matrices for the development of high‐performance and water‐based solar collectors.
New blow‐up criteria for local solutions of the 3D generalized MHD equations in Lei–Lin–Gevrey spaces
Authors: Melo Wilberclay G. , Rocha Natã Firmino 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper determines the existence of a unique local solution for the 3D generalized magnetohydrodynamics equations. In order to be more precise, our solution is obtained by involving Lei–Lin–Gevrey spaces as well as Lei–Lin spaces. Furthermore, we present five new blow‐up criteria for this same system when the maximal time of existence is finite. It is important to point out that one of these criteria is obtained by assuming fractional Laplacians with equal powers.
Dual attention guided multiscale neural network trained with curriculum learning for noninvasive prediction of Gleason Grade Group from MRI
Authors: Hu Jisu , Shen Ao , Qiao Xiaomeng , Zhou Zhiyong , Qian Xusheng , Zheng Yi , Bao Jie , Wang Ximing , Dai Yakang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Gleason Grade Group (GG) is essential in assessing the malignancy of prostate cancer (PCa) and is typically obtained by invasive biopsy procedures in which sampling errors could lead to inaccurately scored GGs. With the gradually recognized value of bi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) in PCa, it is beneficial to noninvasively predict GGs from bpMRI for early diagnosis and treatment planning of PCa. However, it is challenging to establish the connection between bpMRI features and GGs.PurposeIn this study, we propose a dual attention‐guided multiscale neural network (DAMS‐Net) to predict the 5‐scored GG from bpMRI and design a training curriculum to further improve the prediction performance.MethodsThe proposed DAMS‐Net incorporates a feature pyramid network (FPN) to fully extract the multiscale features for lesions of varying sizes and a dual attention module to focus on lesion and surrounding regions while avoiding the influence of irrelevant ones. Furthermore, to enhance the differential ability for lesions with the inter‐grade similarity and intra‐grade variation in bpMRI, the training process employs a specially designed curriculum based on the differences between the radiological evaluations and the ground truth GGs.ResultsExtensive experiments were conducted on a private dataset of 382 patients and the public PROSTATEx‐2 dataset. For the private dataset, the experimental results showed that the proposed network performed better than the plain baseline model for GG prediction, achieving a mean quadratic weighted Kappa (Kw) of 0.4902 and a mean positive predictive value of 0.9098 for predicting clinically significant cancer (PPVGG>1). With the application of curriculum learning, the mean Kw and PPVGG>1 further increased to 0.5144 and 0.9118, respectively. For the public dataset, the proposed method achieved state‐of‐the‐art results of 0.5413 Kw and 0.9747 PPVGG>1.ConclusionThe proposed DAMS‐Net trained with curriculum learning can effectively predict GGs from bpMRI, which may assist clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment planning for PCa patients.
A comparative study on nanoparticle network‐dependent electrical conductivity, electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness and rheological properties in multiwall carbon nanotubes filled polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Huang Ming‐Lu , Shi Yu‐Dong , Wang Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, a comparative study for the effect of nanoparticle networks on rheological behavior, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic wave (EMW) shielding effectiveness (SE) is carried in conductive polymer composites (CPC). Two different polymers, that is, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP), which have different dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), are used as polymer matrices. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are employed to determine the dispersion of MWCNTs in different polymer matrices. A rotational rheometer and a vector network analyzer are used to evaluate the percolation thresholds of storage modulus, complex viscosity and EMW SE, respectively. The results indicate that the EMW SE percolation thresholds are much larger than the electrical and rheological percolation thresholds. Specifically, the percolation thresholds of storage modulus and complex viscosity are 0.39 and 0.33 vol% for the MWCNT/PCL samples, and 1.57 and 1.57 vol% for the MWCNT/iPP samples, respectively. The electrical and EMW SE percolation thresholds are 0.33 and 1.99 vol%, 1.24 and 5.41 vol% for the MWCNT/PCL and MWCNT/iPP nanocomposites, respectively. The electrical and rheological percolation may happen in the samples with a sparse MWCNT network, while EMW SE percolation may require a dense MWCNT network in the samples.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(benzoxazine‐co‐siloxane) oligomers end‐capped with arylacetylene
Authors: Liu Lele , Wang Fan , Wang Xiaohan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFour poly(benzoxazine‐co‐siloxane) oligomers (PBcSs) were successfully synthesized by improving the synthesis step and controlling the ratio of phenol, bisphenol A, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, m‐aminophenyl acetylene, and formaldehyde; the resulting compounds all exhibited good processing properties. Siloxane addition can significantly improve the toughness of the polybenzoxazines. Additionally, compared with the PBcSs containing only phenol structure, the introduction of bisphenol A has a decelerating effect on the polymerization process of the benzoxazine oligomer, which leads to an increase in the exothermic peak temperature. Simultaneously, the PBcS containing bisphenol A also exhibits a higher glass transition temperature and increased thermal stability, but reduced flexural strength. Conversely, compared to the benzoxazine oligomers that do not contain alkynyl groups, the introduction of the terminal alkynyl group can accelerate the polymerization process, decrease the exothermic peak temperature, significantly increase the glass transition temperature, and greatly improve the heat resistance; the 5% thermal decomposition temperature of cured product is increased by up to 101°C. Furthermore, under conditions that ensure high flexural strength, appropriate alkynyl content can also significantly increase the material's flexural modulus.
Quantifying inherent predictability and spatial synchrony in the aphid vector Myzus persicae: field‐scale patterns of abundance and regional forecasting error in the UK
Authors: Bell James R. , Clark Suzanne J. , Stevens Mark , Mead Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSugar beet is threatened by virus yellows, a disease complex vectored by aphids that reduces sugar content. We present an analysis of Myzus persicae population dynamics with and without neonicotinoid seed treatment. We use 6 years' yellow water trap and field‐collected aphid data and two decades of 12.2 m suction‐trap aphid migration data. We investigate both spatial synchrony and forecasting error to understand the structure and spatial scale of field counts and why forecasting aphid migrants lacks accuracy. Our aim is to derive statistical parameters to inform regionwide pest management strategies.ResultsSpatial synchrony, indicating the coincident change in counts across the region over time, is rarely present and is best described as stochastic. Uniquely, early season field populations in 2019 did show spatial synchrony to 90 km compared to the overall average weekly correlation length of 23 km. However, 70% of the time series were spatially heterogenous, indicating patchy between‐field dynamics. Field counts lacked the same seasonal trend and did not peak in the same week. Forecasts tended to under‐predict mid‐season log10 counts. A strongly negative correlation between forecasting error and the proportion of zeros was shown.ConclusionField populations are unpredictable and stochastic, regardless of neonicotinoid seed treatment. This outcome presents a problem for decision‐support that cannot usefully provide a single regionwide solution. Weighted permutation entropy inferred that M. persicae 12.2 m suction‐trap time series had moderate to low intrinsic predictability. Early warning using a migration model tended to predict counts at lower levels than observed. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for chemoprotective agents against malaria
Authors: Cherkaoui‐Rbati Mohammed H. , Andenmatten Nicole , Burgert Lydia , Egbelowo Oluwaseun F. , Fendel Rolf , Fornari Chiara , Gabel Michael , Ward John , Möhrle Jörg J. , Gobeau Nathalie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemoprophylactics are a vital tool in the fight against malaria. They can be used to protect populations at risk, such as children younger than the age of 5 in areas of seasonal malaria transmission or pregnant women. Currently approved chemoprophylactics all present challenges. There are either concerns about unacceptable adverse effects such as neuropsychiatric sequalae (mefloquine), risks of hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency (8‐aminoquinolines such as tafenoquine), or cost and daily dosing (atovaquone–proguanil). Therefore, there is a need to develop new chemoprophylactic agents to provide more affordable therapies with better compliance through improving properties such as pharmacokinetics to allow weekly, preferably monthly, dosing. Here we present a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model constructed using DSM265 (a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor with activity against the liver schizonts of malaria, therefore, a prophylaxis candidate). The PKPD model mimics the parasite lifecycle by describing parasite dynamics and drug activity during the liver and blood stages. A major challenge is the estimation of model parameters, as only blood‐stage parasites can be observed once they have reached a threshold. By combining qualitative and quantitative knowledge about the parasite from various sources, it has been shown that it is possible to infer information about liver‐stage growth and its initial infection level. Furthermore, by integrating clinical data, the killing effect of the drug on liver‐ and blood‐stage parasites can be included in the PKPD model, and a clinical outcome can be predicted. Despite multiple challenges, the presented model has the potential to help translation from preclinical to late development for new chemoprophylactic candidates.
Emodin inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis through the c‐MYC/miR‐182‐5p/ZEB2 axis
Authors: Yang Jia , Jiang Gangdan , Ni Kaiwen , Fan Liming , Tong Wang , Yang Junchao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmodin is a natural anthraquinone compound, which is the main component found in the traditional Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. The anti‐fibrosis effects of Emodin have been reported. This study aimed to explore the specific mechanism of Emodin in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pulmonary fibrosis. The pulmonary fibrosis mice models were constructed with bleomycin, the EMT models of alveolar epithelial cells were stimulated by TGF‐β1, and Emodin was used for intervention. c‐MYC and miR‐182‐5p were overexpressed or silenced by cell transfection. Our results demonstrated that Emodin attenuated pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice, and inhibited EMT, meanwhile downregulated c‐MYC, upregulated miR‐182‐5p, and downregulated ZEB2 in vitro and vivo. Next, overexpression of c‐MYC promoted EMT, while silencing c‐MYC and overexpressing miR‐182‐5p inhibited EMT. Then, c‐MYC negatively regulated the expression of miR‐182‐5p with a direct binding relationship. And miR‐182‐5p inhibited ZEB2 expression in a targeted manner. Finally, Emodin inhibited EMT that had been promoted by overexpression of c‐MYC. In conclusion, Emodin could attenuate pulmonary fibrosis and EMT by regulating the c‐MYC/miR‐182‐5p/ZEB2 axis, which might provide evidence for the application of Emodin in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Chemical mass shifts of cluster ions and adduct ions in quadrupolar ion traps revisited and extended
Authors: Romson Joakim , Emmer Åsa 
Published: November 2022

RationaleChemical mass shifts in quadrupolar ion traps have been studied previously but only for a limited number of analytes and mass ranges. Here, mass shifts of cluster ions, commonly used as calibrants, and other analytes are qualitatively evaluated on the Bruker amaZon spherical ion trap (QIT) and the Finnigan LXQ linear ion trap (LIT). To extend the mass range from previous experiments m/z up to 4000 are investigated.MethodsChemical mass shifts of CsI, Y(HCOO)3, and NaCF3COO cluster ions, CF3COO−, Na+, and Cs+ adduct ions, protonated commercial calibration solutions and peptides, and deprotonated peptides were investigated on the Bruker amaZon speed QIT and some of these were also investigated on the Finnigan LXQ LIT.ResultsOn both instruments, peak distortions and mass shifts toward lower m/z became apparent as m/z approached 1000. To some extent, the issues were more severe at slower scans. Peak distortions included loss of resolution, tailing, or fronting and were different between the amaZon QIT and the LXQ LIT. The noncluster and nonadduct ions analyzed showed no obvious mass shifts or peak distortions under the same analysis conditions.ConclusionsAs expected, the ion traps investigated here showed mass shift and peak distortion issues, and such issues persisted at m/z up to 4000 on both instruments. Peak distortions were different between the amaZon QIT and the LXQ LIT, and were not always visible despite mass shifts. Both mass shifts and peak distortions make cluster ions and some adduct ions unsuitable for ion trap calibration.
Sequential measurement of 13C, 15N, and 34S isotopic composition on nanomolar quantities of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur using nano‐elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Baczynski Allison A. , Brodie Christopher R. , Kracht Oliver , Freeman Katherine H. 
Published: November 2022

RationaleWe report modifications to a commercial elemental analyzer‐isotope ratio mass spectrometer that permit high‐precision isotopic analysis of nanomoles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) on a single sample without chemical or cryogenic trapping of gases. The sample size required for measurement by our system is about two orders of magnitude less than that for conventional analyses.MethodsOur system builds on the analytical advancements offered by the EA IsoLink IRMS System and employs simple modifications to reduce the diameter of the flow path (reactors, water trap, and transfer lines), enhance peak separation (gas chromatography capillary column), and improve sample transfer to the ion source of the mass spectrometer (reduced flow rates).ResultsConventional precision (<0.2‰) can be achieved down to c. 500 nmol C, N, and S for samples analyzed without modification of the commercial system. Further reduction in sample size (<50 nmol C, N, and S) was achieved with minor modifications. There is a significant carbon blank and a small nitrogen blank that can be measured directly and a sulfur blank that can be calculated using regression. Only 30 nmol of N, 22 nmol of C, and 12 nmol of S are needed to achieve better than 1‰ precision (1σ) from a single measurement. Larger samples and more replicate measurements provide better precision.ConclusionsThe nano‐EA method described here reduces sample size requirements by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional approaches and improves the accuracy and precision of isotope measurements on sample sizes less than 1 μmol. These advancements simplify the analytical technique and broaden the range and type of samples amenable to EA analysis.
Accuracy of cortical bone trajectory screw fixation guided by spinous process clamp guide in lumbosacral vertebrae: A cadaver study
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Nuo , Zhou Li‐Jin , Su Qing‐Jun , Guan Li , Li Dong‐Yue , Pei Bao‐Qing , Pan Ai‐Xing , Yang Hong‐Hao , Ding Hong‐Tao , Liu Yu‐Zeng , Hai Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to access the accuracy of cortical bone trajectory screw placement guided by spinous process clamp (SPC).MethodsEight formalin‐treated cadaveric lumbar specimens with T12‐S1 were used. A total of 96 screws were implanted in eight lumbar specimens.ResultsIn the freehand (FH) group, clinically acceptable placement (grade A and B) was 40 screws (83.3%), meanwhile 44 screws (91.7%) in the SPC guide group (p = 0.217). The grade A screws in the SPC guide group were much more than that in the FH group (n = 40 vs. n = 31, p = 0.036). The misplacement screws (grade C, D, and E) and proximal facet joint violation (FJV) in the SPC group was comparable to the FH group.ConclusionsThis cadaveric study demonstrate that implanting CBT screws guided by SPC guide was more accuracy and reduces severe deviations in important directions.