bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we increase the cervical cancer screening interval with an HPV test for women living with HIV? Results of a cohort study from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Joshi Smita , Muwonge Richard , Kulkarni Vinay , Mandolkar Mahesh , Lucas Eric , Pujari Sanjay , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Basu Partha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe are reporting (a) updated incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among women who did not have colposcopic or histopathological disease at baseline and (b) disease outcomes among women treated for CIN and their follow‐up HPV status; in a cohort of women living with HIV (WHIV). The median overall follow‐up was 3.5 years (IQR 2.8‐4.3). The incidence of any CIN and that of CIN 2 or worse disease was 16.7 and 7.0 per 1000 person‐years of observation (PYO), respectively. Compared with women who were HPV negative at baseline, women who cleared HPV infection had 23.95 times increased risk of incident CIN 2 or worse lesions (95% CI 2.40‐661.07). Women with persistent HPV infection had 138.18 times increased risk of CIN 2 or worse lesions (95% CI 20.30‐3300.22). Complete disease regression was observed in 65.6% of the HPV positive women with high‐grade CIN and were treated with thermal ablation but HPV persistence was seen in 44.8% of those with high‐grade disease. Among those who did not have any disease at baseline and were also HPV negative, about 87% (95% CI 83.79‐89.48) women remained HPV negative during consecutive HPV test/s with the median interval of 3.5 years. Long‐term surveillance of WHIV treated for any CIN is necessary for the prevention of cervical cancer among them. Our study provides an early indication that the currently recommended screening interval of 3 to 5 years among WHIV may be extended to at least 5 years among HPV negative women. Increasing the screening interval can be cost saving and improve scalability among WHIV to support WHO's cervical cancer elimination initiative.
A multicenter performance evaluation of the new Elecsys Vitamin D total III assay versus reference isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and commercially available comparators
Authors: Findeisen Peter , Leis Marta , Bendig Garnet , Grimme Jill , Moser Elizabeth , Vogl Christian , Christenson Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and toxicity are worldwide issues; thus, accurate diagnostic assays are required to measure vitamin D. We evaluated the performance of the new Elecsys® Vitamin D total III assay (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd).MethodsRepeatability and intermediate precision of the Elecsys Vitamin D total III assay (cobas e 601 analyzer) were evaluated at three sites using five human serum pools (HSPs) and two PreciControls (five‐day model, one reagent lot [CLSI‐EP05‐A3]) and compared against prespecified acceptance criteria. A serum verification panel, with reference isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID‐LC–MS/MS) values, was used for comparator assay/concordance studies at two sites, assessed using unweighted Deming regression. Testing of serum vs. plasma on the Elecsys assay was conducted at one site using samples from healthy adults; assessed using Passing‐Bablok regression.ResultsRepeatability (HSP1 [16.8–18.4 ng/ml], SD 0.87–1.07; HSP5 [94.5–98.0 ng/ml], CV 1.58%–2.76%) and intermediate precision (HSP1, SD 1.14–1.77; HSP5, CV 2.00%–4.13%) met acceptance criteria across sites. Agreement was observed between the Elecsys assay and (i) the ID‐LC–MS/MS verification panel (slope, 0.936–1.01; Pearson's r, 0.960–0.986) and (ii) comparator assays (slope, 0.921–1.15; Pearson's r, 0.958–0.982). The Elecsys assay correctly assigned the highest combined percentage of samples to deficient (100%) and insufficient (89.5%) vitamin D categories vs. comparator assays and demonstrated comparable performance in serum and plasma (y = 0.103 + 0.984x).ConclusionsThe Elecsys Vitamin D total III assay demonstrated good analytical performance and compared favorably with other assays, supporting its use in clinical practice.
Toxic effects of AZD1208 on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms
Authors: Yan Feng‐Ze , Ouyang Ying‐Chun , Meng Tie‐Gang , Zhang Hong‐Yong , Yue Wei , Zhang Xin‐Ran , Xue Yue , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Sun Qing‐Yuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAZD1208, a pan‐inhibitor that can effectively inhibit PIM kinase, is used for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and malignant lymphomas. Numerous studies have proved its curative effects while its potential cellular toxicity on reproduction was still little known. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of AZD1208 on mouse oocytes. The results showed that AZD1208 treatment did not affect meiotic resumption, but postponed oocyte maturation as indicated by delayed first polar body extrusion. Further mechanistic study showed that AZD1208 treatment delayed spindle assembly. In addition, we found that oocytes treated with AZD1208 showed mitochondrial dysfunction. Abnormal mitochondrial clusters with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in oocytes during incubation in vitro. Moreover, increased oxidative stress was observed by testing the level of reactive oxygen species. In summary, our results suggest that AZD1208 treatment influences oocyte meiotic progression by causing mitochondrial dysfunctions and subsequent delayed spindle assembly.
Multiple functions of CALCOCO family proteins in selective autophagy
Authors: Chen Wei , Ouyang Xueqian , Chen Linxi , Li Lanfang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelective autophagy is the lysosomal degradation of specific intracellular components sequestered into autophagosomes, late endosomes, or lysosomes through the activity of selective autophagy receptors. CALCOCO family proteins are the newly found selective autophagy receptors, which include calcium binding and coiled‐coil domain 1 (CALCOCO1), calcium binding and coiled‐coil domain 2/nuclear domain 10 protein 52 (CALCOCO2/NDP52), and calcium binding and coiled‐coil domain 3/Tax1‐binding protein 1 (CALCOCO3/TAX1BP1). Specifically, CALCOCO1 can be recruited to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi to mediate selective ER‐phagy and Golgiphagy. CALCOCO2 and CALCOCO3, which are two essential cargo receptors, can mediate mitophagy and xenophagy through interacting with autophagy‐related‐8/microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (ATG8/LC3) on the growing autophagosome, and binding ubiquitin for cargo recruitment. Considering the significance of these proteins in selective autophagy, we review the structures, distribution, posttranslational modifications, and phylogenetic analysis of CALCOCO family proteins and their roles in different selective autophagy.
The current use of ultrasound to measure skeletal muscle and its ability to predict clinical outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Casey Patrick , Alasmar Mohamed , McLaughlin John , Ang Yeng , McPhee Jamie , Heire Priam , Sultan Javed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantification and monitoring of lean body mass is an important component of nutrition assessment to determine nutrition status and muscle loss. The negative impact of reduced muscle mass and muscle function is increasingly evident across acute and chronic disease states but is particularly pronounced in patients with cancer. Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool to directly measure skeletal muscle mass and quality. Unlike other ionizing imaging techniques, ultrasound can be used repeatedly at the bedside and may compliment nutritional risk assessment. This review aims to describe the current use of skeletal muscle ultrasound (SMUS) to measure muscle mass and quality in patients with acute and chronic clinical conditions and its ability to predict functional capacity, severity of malnutrition, hospital admission, and survival. Databases were searched from their inception to August 2021 for full‐text articles in English. Relevant articles were included if SMUS was investigated in acute or chronic clinical contexts and correlated with a defined clinical outcome measure. Data were synthesized for narrative review due to heterogeneity between studies. This review analysed 37 studies (3100 patients), which met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 22) were conducted in critical care. The clinical outcomes investigated included functional status at discharge (intensive care unit‐acquired weakness), nutritional status, and length of stay. SMUS was also utilized in chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, and chronic renal failure to predict hospital readmission and disease severity. Only two studies investigated the use of SMUS in patients with cancer. Of the 37 studies, 28 (76%) found that SMUS (cross‐sectional area, muscle thickness, and echointensity) showed significant associations with functional capacity, length of stay, readmission, and survival. There was significant heterogeneity in terms of ultrasound technique and outcome measurement across the included studies. This review highlights that SMUS continues to gain momentum as a potential tool for skeletal muscle assessment and predicting clinically important outcomes. Further work is required to standardize the technique in nutritionally vulnerable patients, such as those with cancer, before SMUS can be widely adopted as a bedside prognostic tool.
Clinical and population‐based study design considerations to accelerate the investigation of new antiretrovirals during pregnancy
Authors: Brummel Sean S. , Stringer Jeff , Mills Ed , Tierney Camlin , Caniglia Ellen C. , Colbers Angela , Chi Benjamin H. , Best Brookie M. , Gaaloul Myriam El , Hillier Sharon , Jourdain Gonzague , Khoo Saye H. , Mofenson Lynne M. , Myer Landon , Nachman Sharon , Stranix‐Chibanda Lynda , Clayden Polly , Sachikonye Memory , Lockman Shahin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women are routinely excluded from clinical trials, leading to the absence or delay in even the most basic pharmacokinetic (PK) information needed for dosing in pregnancy. When available, pregnancy PK studies use a small sample size, resulting in limited safety information. We discuss key study design elements that may enhance the timely availability of pregnancy data, including the role and timing of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate pregnancy safety; efficacy and safety outcome measures; stand‐alone protocols, platform trials, single arm studies, sample size and the effect that follow‐up time during gestation has on analysis interpretations; and observational studies.DiscussionPregnancy PK should be studied during drug development, after dosing in non‐pregnant persons is established (unless non‐clinical or other data raise pregnancy concerns). RCTs should evaluate the safety during pregnancy of priority new HIV agents that are likely to be used by large numbers of females of childbearing age. Key endpoints for pregnancy safety studies include birth outcomes (prematurity, small for gestational age and stillbirth) and neonatal death, with traditional adverse events and infant growth also measured (congenital anomalies are best studied through surveillance). We recommend that viral efficacy be studied as a secondary endpoint of pregnancy RCTs, once PK studies confirm adequate drug exposure in pregnancy. RCTs typically use a stand‐alone protocol for new agents. In contrast, master protocols using a platform design can add agents over time, possibly speeding safety data ascertainment. To speed accrual, stand‐alone pregnancy trial protocols can include pre‐specified starting rules based upon adequate PK levels in pregnancy; and seamless master protocols or platform trials can include a pregnancy PK and safety component. When RCTs are unethical or cost‐prohibitive, observational studies should be conducted, preferably using target trial emulation to avoid bias.ConclusionsPregnancy PK needs to be obtained earlier in drug evaluation. Timely RCTs are needed to understand safety in pregnancy for high‐priority new HIV agents. RCTs that enrol pregnant women should focus on outcomes unique to pregnancy, and observational studies should focus on questions that RCTs are not equipped to answer.
Segmented 3D Echo Planar Acquisition for Rapid Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging: Application to Microhemorrhage Detection in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Wen‐Tung , Li Ningzhi , Papageorgiou Ioannis , Chan Leighton , Pham Dzung L. , Butman John A. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) provides superior image contrast of cerebral microhemorrhages (CMBs). It is based on a three‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo (GRE) sequence with a relatively long imaging time.PurposeTo evaluate whether an accelerated 3D segmented echo planar imaging SWI is comparable to GRE SWI in detecting CMBs in traumatic brain injury (TBI).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFour healthy volunteers and 46 consecutive subjects (38.0 ± 14.4 years, 16 females; 12 mild, 13 moderate, and 7 severe TBI).Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T scanner/3D gradient echo and 3D segmented echo planar imaging (segEPI).AssessmentBrain images were acquired using GRE and segEPI in a single session (imaging time = 9 minutes 47 seconds and 1 minute 30 seconds, respectively). The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) calculated from healthy volunteer thalamus and centrum semiovale were compared. CMBs were counted by three raters blinded to diagnostic information.Statistical TestsA t‐test was used to assess SNR difference. Pearson correlation and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were performed using CMB counts. The intermethod agreement was evaluated using Bland–Altman method. Intermethod and interrater reliabilities of image‐based diffuse axonal injury (DAI) diagnoses were evaluated using Cohen's kappa and percent agreement. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThalamus SNRs were 16.9 ± 2.2 and 16.5 ± 3 for GRE and segEPI (P = 0.84), respectively. Centrum semiovale SNRs were 25.8 ± 4.6 and 21.1 ± 2.7 (P = 0.13). The correlation coefficient of CMBs was 0.93, and differences were not significant (P = 0.56–0.85). For DAI diagnoses, Cohen's kappa was 0.62–0.84 and percent agreement was 85%–94%.Data ConclusionCMB counts on segEPI and GRE were highly correlated, and DAI diagnosis was made equally effectively. segEPI SWI can potentially replace GRE SWI in detecting TBI CMBs, especially when time constraints are critical.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Isolation, structure elucidation, and high‐performance liquid chromatography quantification of photolytic degradation impurities in acrivastine
Authors: Lv Jun‐Jiang , Yu Jia , Zeng Xiao‐Yan , Zeng Xue , Li Yan , He Dong‐Xian , Lin Yi‐Min 
Published: July 2022

Acrivastine is a second‐generation H1‐receptor antagonist, and its structure is sensitive to ultraviolet. Four unknown and one reported degradation products can be detected in the ultraviolet radiation solutions of acrivastine. To improve the quality control of acrivastine, the photodegradation impurities were isolated and structurally elucidated. There are four new impurities (1–3 and 5), and one reported compound (4). The isolation strategy was designed as preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography using a reversed phase column with volatile acid addition in the mobile phase, combined with preparative thin‐layer chromatography using silica gel with alkaline addition in the mobile phase. Using the developed methods, five impurities (1–5) were efficiently purified after two or three chromatography runs with purities > 95%. The structures of compounds 1–5 are elucidated based on spectroscopy analysis of MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using the impurity standard, the high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated. The method was proved to be sensitive, accurate (Recovery% 96.1–107.7%), linear (0.15–0.75 μg/mL, R2 > 0.996), robust, and specific, and it was successfully used to determine the degradation impurities of acrivastine and its formulation.
Nonlinear Propagation of Laser Light in Plasmonic Nanocomposites
Authors: Agiotis Leonidas , Meunier Michel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlasmonic nanocomposites have been extensively studied for over 3 decades. According to early theoretical studies, a large enhancement of nonlinear response has been predicted. Nonetheless, the promised enhancement of coherent or Kerr‐type nonlinearities incurs major limitations related to strong absorption and saturation effects. Accordingly, diffraction‐limited interactions and long‐scale propagation in ultrafast timescales are undermined despite nanoscale‐localized electronic field enhancement. Seemingly only nanometric devices operating at low intensity regimes are benefitted from the foresaid effect. Nonetheless, numerous studies have still exploited configurable properties of the nonlinear response of plasmonic nanocomposites, such as nonlinear absorption, high‐order nonlinearities, and diffusive nonlinearities for the development of novel processes within the framework of nonlinear wave propagation described by effective medium properties. In this review, the most recent developments on the understanding of the nonlinear response of metals and plasmonic nanocomposites in various temporal regimes are presented. Furthermore, a synthesis of their experimentally determined third‐order properties obtained by various experimental techniques, along with practical considerations, is provided. Computational models used for the formulation of nonlinear wave propagation in plasmonic nanocomposites are subsequently presented, corresponding to applicable concepts. Most recent related applications are concisely summarized, indicating the directions of increasing interest in the field, and outlining shortcomings.
Multi‐scale discriminative network for prostate cancer lesion segmentation in multiparametric MR images
Authors: Liu Yatong , Zhu Yu , Wang Wei , Zheng Bingbing , Qin Xiangxiang , Wang Peijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe accurate and reliable segmentation of prostate cancer (PCa) lesions using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) sequences, is crucial to the image‐guided intervention and treatment of prostate disease. For PCa lesion segmentation, it is essential to reliably combine local and global information to retain the features of small targets at multiple scales. Therefore, this study proposes a multi‐scale segmentation network with a cascading pyramid convolution module (CPCM) and a double‐input channel attention module (DCAM) for the automated and accurate segmentation of PCa lesions using mpMRI.MethodsFirst, the region of interest was extracted from the data by clipping to enlarge the target region and reduce the background noise interference. Next, four CPCMs with large convolution kernels in their skip connection paths were designed to improve the feature extraction capability of the network for small targets. At the same time, a convolution decomposition was applied to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, the DCAM was adopted in the decoder to provide bottom‐up semantic discriminative guidance; it can use the semantic information of the network's deep features to guide the shallow output of features with a higher discriminant ability. A residual refinement module (RRM) was also designed to strengthen the recognition ability of each stage. The feature maps of the skip connection and the decoder all go through the RRM.ResultsFor the Initiative for Collaborative Computer Vision Benchmarking (I2CVB) dataset, our proposed model achieved a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 79.31% and an average boundary distance (ABD) of 4.15 mm. For the Prostate Multiparametric MRI (PROMM) dataset, our method greatly improved the DSC to 82.11% and obtained an ABD of 3.64 mm.ConclusionsThe experimental results of two different mpMRI prostate datasets demonstrate that our model is more accurate and reliable on small targets. In addition, it outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Scalable methods for directional assembly of fillers in polymer composites: Creating pathways for improving material properties
Authors: Griffin Anthony , Guo Yuanhao , Hu Zhendong , Zhang Jianming , Chen Yuwei , Qiang Zhe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolymer composites are ubiquitous and indispensable in numerous applications. Coupling the inclusion of reinforcing agents with methods developed to control filler distribution and orientation allow for significant enhancement in mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier/transport‐related properties of composites. For practical implementation, ideal approaches to fabricating polymer composites with directionally assembled fillers must consider manufacturing compatibility, scale‐up ease, and aligning efficiency. In this article, we will review a cost‐effective and industrially relevant toolbox for preferential filler alignment in polymer composites. Three main strategies for aligning fillers within polymer composites will be discussed. Specifically, solution casting and compression molding can introduce compression force to assemble fillers along the in‐plane direction of composite films, shear force can be developed during fiber spinning, film blowing, and uniaxial/biaxial stretching processes to align fillers along the shear direction, and external fields (both electric and magnetic fields) can direct assembly of fillers, typically along the out‐of‐plane direction. For each section, we not only highlight the mechanisms of these methods but also demonstrate the critical structure–property relationships through model examples. Finally, a perspective on future opportunities and challenges of anisotropic and performance‐enhanced polymer composite preparation strategies is provided, with a particular focus on additive manufacturing.
Development of a scale for parent‐to‐baby emotions: Concepts, design, and factor structure
Authors: Hada Ayako , Imura Masumi , Kitamura Toshinori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimAlthough infant crying is a prerequisite for a baby's survival, it often leads to negative consequences for the caregivers. We hypothesized that this would be mediated by a primary emotion that we feel directly in response to an internal or external event. Hence, this study aimed to develop a new scale to measure basic and self‐conscious emotions as primary emotions towards an infant's cry.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional web survey including the scale for parent‐to‐baby emotions (SPBE)—with 73 items elicited from a literature review—targeted at mothers at 1 month after childbirth (N = 879). A series of explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using item parcels. Internal consistency of the scale was calculated by omega indices. We also examined measurement invariance of the scale.ResultsThe theory‐driven six basic emotions bifactor model (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.968, root mean square of error approximation [RMSEA] = 0.070) and four self‐conscious emotions factor model (CFI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.079) were judged as the best models. They were stable in terms of configural, measurement, and structural invariances across parity.ConclusionThe SPBE we created is a psychometrically robust measure to assess the primary emotions under the rubric of parent‐to‐baby emotions. It is a promising tool for measuring parent‐to‐baby emotions in clinical and research settings.
Are All Solid Propellant Burning Rate Modifiers Catalysts?
Authors: Kalman Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolid rocket motors are used for both national defense and launch vehicles. The internal ballistics of the motor depend on the propellant burning rate, which is often modified by burning rate enhancers. Despite the common use, there is not a complete mechanistic understanding of how these modifiers influence the combustion process. In this comment, it is argued that these additives can influence propellant combustion as a catalyst, via thermodynamic means, or a combination. An approach is suggested on how to classify traditional and novel burning rate modifiers as a first step to improving the scientific community‘s knowledge on the matter.