bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How the Panorama has Changed in the Last Decade?
Authors: Smeriglio Antonella , Marcoccia Daniele , Denaro Marcella , Trombetta Domenico 
Published: April 2022

Background:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are recurrent idiopathic non-infectious chronic diseases widely diffused worldwide and characterized by moderate to severe mucosal damage.Objective:The aim of this study was to review the literature of the last 10 years to photograph pre-clinical and clinical data on the use of nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment, also combined with the conventional drugs, of IBD.Method:PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were used for searching the most recent publications on in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidences on IBD and nutraceuticals by assessing the originality and scientific rigor of studies.Results:In the last decade, the interest in new healthy or therapeutic complementary or alternative approaches to conventional drugs in IBD has grown inexorably, as well as the incidence of these pathologies and the knowledge on their etiopathogenesis. In this context, a growing development of new nutraceutical products with a consequent increase in pre-clinical studies has been observed. However, this panorama does not yet translate into adequate clinical studies that can effectively endorse what was observed in preclinical studies, many of them are mostly aimed at resolving diseases related to IBD rather than IBD itself.Conclusion:Despite the promising preclinical data about nutraceuticals and IBD, we are still very far from being able to postulate an adequate nutraceutical treatment of these pathologies and further studies are necessary to support this hypothesis.
Hippo: A New Hub for Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Liu Xi-Yan , Zhou Kun , Tian Kai-Jiang , Yan Bin-Jie , Ren Zhong , Zhou Zhi-Xiang , Xiong Wen-Hao , Jiang Zhi-Sheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Hippo, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade reaction in organisms, can respond to a set of
signals, such as mechanical signals and cell metabolism, to maintain cell growth, differentiation, tissue/organ
development, and homeostasis. In the past ten years, Hippo has controlled the development of tissues and organs
by regulating the process of cell proliferation, especially in the field of cardiac regeneration after myocardial
infarction. This suggests that Hippo signaling is closely linked to cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is
the most common disease of the cardiovascular system. It is characterised by chronic inflammation of the vascular
wall, mainly involving dysfunction of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Oxidized
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) damages the barrier function of endothelial cells, which enter the middle membrane
of the vascular wall, accelerate the formation of foam cells, and promote the occurrence and development
of atherosclerosis. Autophagy is associated with the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism
of Hippo regulation of atherosclerosis has not meant to be clarified. In view of the pivotal role of this signaling
pathway in maintaining cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, the imbalance of Hippo is related to atherosclerosis
and related diseases. In this review, we emphasized Hippo as a hub for regulating atherosclerosis
and discussed its potential targets in pathophysiology, human diseases, and related pharmacology.
Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Looking Beyond Dopaminergic Treatments
Authors: Rojas Milagros , Chávez-Castillo Mervin , Duran Pablo , Ortega Ángel , Bautista-Sandoval María Judith , Salazar Juan , Riaño-Garzón Manuel , Chacín Maricarmen , Medina-Ortiz Oscar , Palmar Jim , Cudris-Torres Lorena , Bermúdez Valmore 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The symptoms of PD are characterized not only by motor alterations but also by a spectrum of nonmotor symptoms. Some of these are psychiatric manifestations such as sleep disorders; depression; cognitive difficulties that can evolve into dementia; and symptoms of psychosis, which include hallucinations, illusions, and delusions. Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP) occurs in 18%–50% of patients with PD. Treating PDP is challenging because antipsychotic drugs tend to be inefficient or may even worsen the motor symptoms of the disease.

Methods:
This is a narrative review in which an extensive literature search was performed on the Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, from inception to August 2021. The terms “Parkinson’s disease psychosis,” “Parkinson psychosis,” “neurodegenerative psychosis,” and “dopamine psychosis” were among the keywords used in the search.

Objective:
current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in PDP, as well as recent innovative alternatives for its treatment.

Results:
Recently, views on the etiology of hallucinations and illusions have evolved remarkably. PDP has been cemented as a multifactorial entity that is dependent not only on extrinsic mechanisms but also novel intrinsic mechanisms including genetic factors, neurostructural alterations, functional disruptions, visual processing disturbances, and sleep disorders. Consequently, innovative pharmacological and biological treatments have been proposed. Pimavanserin, a selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist, stands out after its approval for the treatment of PDP-associated hallucinations and illusions.

Conclusion:
Future results from upcoming clinical trials should further characterize the role of this drug in the management of PDP as well as other treatment options with novel mechanisms of action, such as saracatinib, SEP-363856, cannabidiol, electroconvulsive therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
In vitro and Bioimaging Studies of Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites
Encapsulated Iron-oxide and Loaded Doxorubicin Drug (DOX/IO@Silica)
as Magnetically Guided Drug Delivery System
Authors: Pani Balaram , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Hemant , Kumar Jitender 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In recent years, delivery of drugs by nanocomposites has emerged as an exciting field of research for bio-imaging tools and targeted cancer treatment. The large surface area and porous volume of mesoporous silica nanocomposites (MSN’s) have gained a lot of interest for their application in the delivery of drugs and magnetic properties of Iron oxide (IO) nanocomposites play a key role in targeted delivery system.

Methods:
In this study, mesoporous silica encapsulated IO nanocomposites loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) were synthesized for the magnetically guided delivery of anticancer drugs. The synthesis of IO nanocomposites was done through the precipitation method and then silica encapsulation and drug loading was done by StÖber method.

Results:
The magnetically driven delivery of the drug is produced by the encapsulation of magnetically active IO in the mesoporous silica shell. The controlled release of DOX is possible because of the MSN’s. TEM images shows that the nanocomposites have spherical morphology and average diameter in the rage of 120 nm. Power-XRD data confirms the crystalline nature of nanocomposites. The strong absorption peak was observed in UV-Visible spectroscopy at 490 nm and quenching in fluorescence spectra confirms the encapsulation of DOX in the mesoporous silica shell. VSM data showed magnetic nature of nanocomposites, with large magnetic susceptibility (74.88 emu/g). The use of DOX/IO@Silica nanocomposites as a sustainable drug release and targeted drug delivery vehicle has been reported here. The pH dependent release of DOX was studied and significant release was observed at lower pH. In-vitro cell viability assay and fluorescence imaging assay have demonstrated that these nanocomposites show significant dose-dependent toxicity to cancer cells in the presence magnetic field.

Conclusion:
In-vitro studies via the MTT assay showed that these synthesized nanocomposites in culture are non-toxic to healthy cells compared DOX-induced cytotoxicity due its controlled release and can be further strengthened by magnetic guidance. Therefore, due to its optical properties and potential for guided delivery of drug to the targeted site, these nanocomposites are ideal as an anticancer agent and bio-imaging prob.
Molecular Mechanisms of miR-214 Involved in Cancer and Drug
Resistance
Authors: Karimi Elham , Dehghani Aghdas , Azari Hanieh , Zarei Mahboobeh , Shekari Mohammad , Mousavi Pegah 
Published: April 2022

:
As a transcriptional regulation element, the microRNA plays a crucial role in any aspect of molecular biological processes like cellular metabolism, cell division, cell death, cell movement, intracellular signaling, and immunity was discovered. Previous studies have been suggested that microRNA-214 (miR-214) probably is a valuable marker in cancer. Here, in this perspective, we provide a brief updated overview of the vital dual role of miR-214 in cancer as a tumor suppressor or oncogene. We also collected target genes and signaling pathways related to the dysregulation of miR-214 by previous experimental research in various human diseases. To highlight the critical function of miR-214 in the prognostic, diagnostic, and pathogenesis of cancer diseases, we focused on the probable clinical biomarker and drug resistance function of miR-214. The current research provides a comprehensive perspective of the regulatory mechanisms governed by miR-214 in human disease pathogenesis and a list of probable candidates for future study.
Autophagy in Cancer Cell Transformation: A Potential Novel Therapeutic
Strategy
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Basal autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and prevents
the cell from escaping the cell cycle regulation mechanisms and being cancerous. Mitophagy and nucleophagy
are essential for cell health. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in cancer cell transformation,
where upregulated precancerous autophagy induces apoptosis. Impaired autophagy has been shown to
upregulate cancer cell transformation. However, tumor cells upregulate autophagy to escape elimination
and survive the unfavorable conditions and resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer cells promote autophagy
through modulation of autophagy regulation mechanisms and increase expression of the autophagyrelated
genes. Whereas, autophagy regulation mechanisms involved microRNAs, transcription factors,
and the internalized signaling pathways such as AMPK, mTOR, III PI3K, and ULK-1. Disrupted regulatory
mechanisms are various as the cancer cell polymorphism. Targeting a higher level of autophagy
regulation is more effective, such as gene expression, transcription factors, or epigenetic modification
that are responsible for the up-regulation of autophagy in cancer cells. Currently, the CRISPR-CAS9
technique is available and can be applied to demonstrate the potential effects of autophagy in cancerous
cells.
Plants from Genus Dracocephalum in Iran: Pharmacology and Phytochemistry
Overview
Authors: Emadi Fatemeh , Moghaddam Hajar Hesami , Esmaeil-jamaat Elham , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Alijaniha Fatemeh 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Genus Dracocephalum belongs to the Lamiaceae family, representing 11
species in Iran, containing D. ghahremanii Jamzad, D. lindbergii Rech. F, D. oligadenium Bornm. &
Gauba, D. kotschyi Boiss., D.multicaule, D.Aucheri, D.Subcapitatum, D.Thymifolium, D.Moldavica,
D. polychaetum Borm, and D. surmandinum Rech.f. The current study aimed to investigate the morphological
and phytochemical properties of Dracocephalum species in Iran and their pharmacological
effects.

Methods:
The search was restricted to scientific articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct,
SpringerLink, and Scopus. The search was limited to scientific journals, books, and book chapters
focusing on the medicinal properties of Dracocephalum in Iran for the era from 1993 to 2020.

Results:
Findings show that Dracocephalum species were utilized to treat various disorders in traditional
medicine. Phytochemical studies show that the main constituents isolated from the plant consist
of lignans, phytosterol, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, Sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated and hydro carbonated
monoterpenes. These main components are responsible for antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial,
anticancer, antispasmodic, antioxidant, and cardiovascular effects of the plant.

Conclusion:
This plant has a good potential for drug discovery and curing different diseases. Therefore,
more research will be done on the Iranian species of Dracocephalum based on clinical and animal
studies to develop an effective drug formulation.
Acanthosis Nigricans: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M. , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon , Hon Kam Lun 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Early recognition of acanthosis nigricans is important because acanthosis
nigricans can be a cutaneous manifestation of a variety of systemic disorders and, rarely, as a sign
of internal malignancy.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations,
evaluation, diagnosis, and management of acanthosis nigricans.

Methods:
A search was conducted in November 2021in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key
term "acanthosis nigricans". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies,
and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were
included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation
of the present article.

Results:
Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by symmetric, hyperpigmented, and velvety plaques
with ill-defined borders, typically involving intertriginous areas. Obesity is the most common cause
of acanthosis nigricans which is increasingly observed in obese children and adolescents and can
serve as a cutaneous marker of insulin resistance. Early recognition of acanthosis nigricans is important
because acanthosis nigricans can also be a cutaneous manifestation of a variety of systemic
disorders and, rarely, as a sign of internal malignancy. This may consist of weight reduction, discontinuation
of causative drugs, treatment of underlying endocrinopathy, or treatment of an underlying
malignancy. For patients with isolated acanthosis nigricans and for those whose underlying
cause is not amenable to treatment, treatment of the lesion may be considered for cosmetic reasons.
Topical retinoids, vitamin D analogs, chemical peels, and other keratolytics are often used for the
treatment of localized lesions. Seldom, systemic therapy such as oral retinoids may be considered
for extensive or generalized acanthosis nigricans and acanthosis nigricans unresponsive to topical
therapy. Other uncommon treatment modalities include dermabrasion, laser therapy, and surgical
removal.

Conclusion:
Although acanthosis nigricans is treatable, a complete cure is difficult to achieve. The
underlying cause should be treated, if possible, to resolve and prevent the recurrence of acanthosis
nigricans. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the characteristic appearance (symmetrically
distributed, hyperpigmented, velvety, papillomatous, hyperkeratotic plaques with ill-defined borders)
and the typical sites (intertriginous areas, flexural area, and skin folds) of the lesions. The diagnosis
might be difficult for lesions that have atypical morphology or are in an unusual location.
Clinicians should be familiar with the clinical signs, evaluation, diagnosis, and therapy of acanthosis
nigricans because of the link between it and underlying diseases.
Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Neuropathic Pain, Nerve
Conduction and Plantar Pressure Distribution in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- A Systematic Review
Authors: Korada Hrishikesh Yadav , Arora Esha , Maiya Gundmi Arun , Rao Sharath , Hande Manjunath , Shetty Sahana , Gundmi Shubha , Anche Parameshwar , Amravadi Sampath 
Published: April 2022

Background::
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The most common symptoms are neuropathic pain and altered sensorium due to damage
to small nerve fibers. Altered plantar pressure distribution is also a major risk factor in diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, leading to diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective::
The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the various studies involving
photobiomodulation therapy on neuropathic pain and plantar pressure distribution in diabetic
peripheral neuropathy.

Methods::
We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane)
to summarise the evidence on photobiomodulation therapy for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included in the review.

Results::
This systematic review included eight studies in which photobiomodulation therapy
showed improvement in neuropathic pain and nerve conduction velocity. It also reduces plantar
pressure distribution, which is a high risk for developing foot ulcers.

Conclusion::
We conclude that photobiomodulation therapy is an effective, non-invasive, and costefficient
means to improve neuropathic pain and altered plantar pressure distribution in diabetic
peripheral neuropathy.
A Systematic Approach to Diagnosing Arthritis Based on Radiological
Imaging
Authors: Ahn Kyung-Sik , Lee Kyu-Chong , Kang Chang Ho , Hong Suk Joo , Kim Baek Hyun , Shim Euddeum 
Published: April 2022

:
Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis of arthritis. We herein suggest an algorithmic
approach to diagnosing arthritis. First, the number of joint involvements is reviewed. Monoarticular
arthritis includes septic arthritis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and synovial chondromatosis. Second,
polyarticular arthritis can be categorized by its characteristics: erosive, productive, and mixed.
Erosive disease includes rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, and amyloidosis, while productive disease
includes osteoarthritis and hemochromatosis. Third, mixed diseases are subcategorized by symmetricity.
Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease related arthritis affect joints symmetrically,
while psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and crystalline arthropathy are asymmetric. Adjacent soft
tissue density, periostitis, and bone density are ancillary findings that can be used as additional differential
diagnostic clues. The final step in identifying the type of arthritis is to check whether the location
is a site frequently affected by one particular disease over another. This systematic approach would be
helpful for radiologists in diagnosing arthritis.
Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antihemolytic Activities of Putoria calabrica Leaf Extracts
Authors: Bellik Yuva , Mekhoukh Nasreddine , Chougui Nadia 
Published: April 2022

Background:: Putoria calabrica is a common Mediterranean plant used topically in folk medicine for medical purposes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihemolytic properties of Putoria calabrica leaf extracts.Methods:Total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannins content (CTC) were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was tested using TAC, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Agar diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Anti-hemolytic activity was evaluated by the measurement of erythrocytes turbidity and extracellular hemoglobin concentration using AAPH method.Results:Methanol was the optimal solvent to extract the bioactive components with the highest extraction yield (30.11 ± 0.42%), TPC (142.11 ± 4.04 mg GAE/g dry extract) and TFC (29.16 ± 0.99 mg QrE/g dry extract). In terms of antioxidant activity, methanol extract was the most effective against ABTS free radical (IC50 = 5.02 ± 0.13 mg/ml) and FRAP (A0.5 = 2.91 ± 0.09 mg/ml). While, acetone extract showed the highest TAC (214.05 ± 8.74 mg GAE/g dry extract) and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 1.94 ± 0.02 mg/ml). The strongest antimicrobial effect at a concentration of 10.24 mg/well was observed with acetone extract against P. aeruginosa (22.52 ± 0.60 mm) and C. albicans (17.33 ± 0.41 mm). While, methanol extract was the most active against S. aureus (17.31 ± 0.98 mm). Aqueous extract showed a good capacity to protect erythrocytes from oxidative damage by preventing their hemolysis and the oxidation of hemoglobin induced by AAPH.Conclusion:P. calabrica leaves could have a great importance as a source of therapeutic bioactive compounds.
The Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferases and Butyrylcholinesterase by
Antidepressants: A Mini-Review on Enzyme-Drug Interactions
Authors: Özer Nazmi , Markus Victor , Dalmızrak Özlem , Teralı Kerem 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Compromises in the cellular enzymatic defense barrier can increase the duration
of exposure to electrophiles and the severity of toxicity they may incur.

Objective:
In this mini-review, we discuss the inhibition of the enzymatic defense systems by different
antidepressants commonly prescribed worldwide as well as herbal products used for various forms of
depression.

Methods:
Our work primarily focused on the interactions of two prominent biotransformation enzyme
systems, namely glutathione S-transferases and cholinesterases, with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs),
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and hypericin.

Results:
The antidepressants exert considerable inhibitory effects against glutathione S-transferases
and butyrylcholinesterase.

Conclusion:
The outcomes of available published studies and their implications for health and disease
are discussed here in detail.
Wettability of Graphene Coated on Aluminum Substrate with Microstructure
Modification
Authors: Bai Qingshun , Dou Yu-Hao , Guo Wanmin , Guo Yongbo , Du Yunlong 
Published: April 2022

Background:
As a new type of coating material, graphene has an important application
prospect in creating hydrophobicity on the material surface. It can be seen that research on the
wettability of graphene has a very actual significance in its application. Graphene membrane can
change the wettability of the aluminum surface effectively. It can be combined with the traditional
method to tune the wettability of the metal surface. Adding the microstructure is a very common
method for changing the wettability. Therefore, the results have guided significance for the practical
application of graphene in controlling the wettability of aluminum substrate with microstructure.

Methods:
This paper uses molecular dynamics to simulate graphene’s adsorption and wetting behavior
on the aluminum substrate with microstructure and to calculate energy changes in the two
processes.

Results:
The adsorption state of graphene is related to the aspect ratio of the microstructure. When
the aspect ratios of the microstructure become larger, the graphene can be completely absorbed by
the substrate, causing larger binding free energy and higher adhesion spontaneity of graphene. The
wetting contact angles of the substrate with graphene are significantly higher than those of the
aluminum substrate without graphene.

Conclusion:
The aspect ratio can influence the free energy and the binding energy, causing different
states in graphene. The large aspect ratio will increase the absolute value of the free energy and
release more binding energy, causing a more stable state. The graphene may prevent the deformation
of the hydrogen bond and cause worse wettability. The results have been of great significance
for the practical application of graphene in controlling the wettability of aluminum substrate
with microstructure.