bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer healthy life, but for how many? Insights on healthy lifespan inequality from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Zarulli Virginia , Caswell Hal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the last 150 years, in many populations life expectancy has more than doubled, the variation in length of life has decreased, and, as result, more individuals enjoy similarly longer lives (even though with important socio-demographic differences). When it comes to healthy longevity, today more and more people reach older ages in better health than what they used to do only a few decades ago, for many individuals the unhealthy years are getting compressed at the end of life and, overall, healthy life expectancy is increasing globally. But we do not know how many individuals are benefiting from this increase. Indicators of average length of life, such as healthy life expectancy, don’t capture the spread, while similar levels of healthy life expectancy can be achieved by different populations: one where most individuals share a similar number of years in good health, or one where few individuals enjoy high numbers of years in good health compared to many others who don’t. Here we apply demographic techniques for the analysis of variation to the demography of health to study the fundamental question of the distribution of number of healthy years of life among individuals and the relation between healthy lifespan length and healthy lifespan inequality. We use data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, and we produce the first international landscape of healthy lifespan variation over time and by socioeconomic level of the country.
The role of machine learning in robotics
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate the growing role of machine learning techniques in robotics.

Design/methodology/approach
Following an introduction which includes a brief historical perspective, this paper provides a short introduction to machine learning techniques. It then provides examples of robotic machine learning applications in agriculture, waste management, warehouse automation and exoskeletons. This is followed by a short consideration of applications in future generations of self-driving vehicles. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn.

Findings
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence and the topic of extensive academic study. Recent years have seen machine learning techniques being applied successfully to a diversity of robotic systems, most of which involve machine vision. They have imparted these with a range of unique or greatly improved operational capabilities, allowing them to satisfy all manner of new applications.

Originality/value
This provides a detailed insight into how machine learning is being applied to robotics.
A novel understanding of fraudsters
Authors: Manning Paul 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of the human personality of fraudsters. This paper will explore their human personality by reviewing three characters from realist novels that have fraudsters as their leading characters. This pa[er will also contribute to literature that intersects between the humanities and criminology.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews three fraudster characters from realist novels to explore their human personality, which includes qualitative phenomena resistant to positivist research.

Findings
Literature character review that adds to understanding of the qualitative nature of the personality of fraudsters. This qualitative nature of the human personality has been neglected in fraud research and the findings contribute to expanding understanding of the qualitative nature of fraud and fraudsters.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is limited to a literature review from three characters from realist novels.

Practical implications
By expanding understanding of the human personality of fraudsters literary insights can contribute to fraud identification and prevention.

Originality/value
This paper reviews the human personality of three characters from novels to expand understanding of fraudsters, and thus contributes to the intersection of research between the humanities and criminology and fraud research.
The role of information sharing in combating money laundering: the importance and challenges of mutual legal assistance for developing jurisdictions like Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Nasir , Mohamed Norazida 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The study aims to explore the challenges of developing jurisdictions like Pakistan in achieving significant mutual legal assistance from the international community, especially for sharing financial information.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews was adopted to complete the study’s objective. The selection of financial experts for interviews was based on purposive sampling.

Findings
This study concluded that Pakistan is facing several challenges, including mistrust of the international community; political disinterestedness and instability; delaying tactics in implementation, capacity and resources of law enforcers; and proximity with hostile neighbours.

Originality/value
Rare studies discussed this issue in the Pakistani context.
Requisite trust requirements for digital society development
Authors: Ototsky Peter , Manenkov Sergey , Smoliak Alexander 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aims to demonstrate the importance of the requisite trust for the processes of digitalization of business, the state and society in general.Design/methodology/approachThe work is built “from particular to general”. The analysis of many cases of digitalization projects leads to some higher-level principles useful for description most of them – trust, umwelt and complexity.FindingsBased on the analysis of empirical material, the principle of requisite trust is introduced based on the definition of trust through a “relevant umwelt”. In addition, the article examines many aspects of society digitalization processes using cybernetic concepts. It is shown that (1) in the core of digitalization process is the export of the umwelt from human head to a computer (digital umwelt), (2) models used in the digital platforms are not only a reflection of social processes, but have a significant impact on them, like the observers of cybernetics of the second order and (3) umwelt concept is closely related to a social reality concept, meanings are relative and are carried by the communication systems.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper summarized practical and theoretical experience in the field of digital projects and introduced The Law of Requisite Trust. In the future, this principle should be studied more formally in quantitative terms.Originality/valueThe principle of requisite trust, as well as the definition of trust through the relevant umwelt is original. The promotion of trust in organizations and also digital organizations using such instruments as standard of social responsibility (ISO 26000) has high practical value.
Top management team internal social capital, market dynamics and business model design: a dynamic managerial capability perspective
Authors: Wang Yunhui , Yi Yaqun , Wei Zelong 
Published: December 2022

PurposeDrawing on the dynamic managerial capability perspective and the dynamic capability perspective of business model (BM) literature, this paper aims to investigate how top management team internal social capital (TISC) promotes BM design and how such effects are moderated by market dynamics (i.e. demand uncertainty and competitive intensity).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses were tested by a questionnaire-based survey. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 210 firms in China. The model was tested via hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsTISC has a positive effect on BM efficiency but an inverted U-shaped effect on BM novelty. The effects of TISC on BM efficiency and novelty are contingent on demand uncertainty and competitive intensity in different ways. Specifically, this study finds that demand uncertainty strengthens the inverted U-shaped effect of TISC on BM novelty. This study also finds that competitive intensity strengthens the positive effect of TISC on BM efficiency but weakens the inverted U-shaped effect of TISC on BM novelty.Originality/valueThe conclusion contributes to the dynamic capability perspective of BM literature in two ways. First, it offers a dynamic managerial capability perspective for understanding the antecedents of BM design. It highlights TISC, a root of dynamic managerial capability, as an important internal antecedent of BM design. Second, it provides a more nuanced understanding of the role of TISC in BM design. The findings show the distinct effects of TISC on BM efficiency and novelty. This study also discusses the contingency role market dynamics play in the TISC–BM design relationship.
Honeydew contaminated cotton: a sticky problem needs a solution
Authors: Behera Prapti , Aravind Sanjukta , Seetharaman Balaji 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Bales of cotton run through the gins and textile mill instruments, stick to them and make it cumbersome for the ginning mill workers. This is so because more time and money have to be invested in cleaning these instruments. The stickiness of cotton causes health hazards to the workers, decreases the yarn quality and economic loss to the textile industry. The effect of cotton stickiness on textile ginning, various methods for cotton stickiness detection and the steps for reduction are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
The different methods that are available for detecting and measuring cotton stickiness are described. The sugars that cause stickiness are either of plant origin (physiological sugars) or from the feeding insects (entomological origin). The methods for stickiness detection and reduction are discussed under physical, chemical and biological categories.

Findings
This review suggests possible ways to mitigate cotton stickiness.

Originality/value
One of the major issues of the textile industry is honeydew-contaminated cotton stickiness. However, there are few papers on detection methods for analyzing honeydew cotton stickiness along with the approaches to reduce stickiness. This paper summarizes different methods along with a study for detection as well as reduction of cotton stickiness.
Poetics as Praise: ‘Theology and Literature’, Shakespeare and Doxology
Authors: Gerlier Valentin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay challenges the assumption that ‘theology and literature’ deals with two sealed off orders of words, the former establishing a doctrinal ground to which the latter provides merely comparative or corroborative material. It argues instead that language itself, understood as a theological phenomenon, provides the ground through which these two disciplines coincide. This phenomenon can be encountered through a doxological reading of literature, in which the original presence of the Word in words can be encountered as a gift which calls for counter‐gifts. Looking at recent forays into Shakespeare criticism that engages with theology, I argue that a ‘secular’ conception of language prevents readers from encountering this theological phenomenon in the play. Through Oliver‐Thomas Venard's theological reading of Rimbaud, I show that even fiercely secular poetry seems inhabited by a call to recover a connection between words, world and the transcendent. Drawing on Nicholas of Cusa to argue that this connection is ultimately found in doxology, I conclude with a reading of King Lear which, both epitomising and supplementing this approach, shows that the play is inhabited by a call to find once again the profound connection between word and gift, and thus world and God.
Prioritized reconstruction of healthcare facilities after earthquakes based on recovery of emergency services
Authors: Alisjahbana Irene , Ceferino Luis , Kiremidjian Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarthquakes can disrupt the healthcare system heavily, leading to long wait times and many untreated patients for years after the event. Emergency services, in particular, must return to preearthquake functionality as soon as possible such that patients, especially critically injured ones, can be treated promptly. However, reconstruction and restoration of emergency services can take years. Due to limited reconstruction resources, decision‐makers cannot reconstruct all hospitals simultaneously. They are typically forced to prioritize the reconstruction order, and this process is often poorly planned. This article models emergency services as an M/M/s queuing system that accounts for prioritized treatment of critical patients and formulates a greedy algorithm to plan for an effective healthcare system reconstruction. The algorithm finds the reconstruction ordering of hospital buildings such that emergency patients have the shortest time to receiving medical care possible. We show our greedy algorithm's good performance for small problem instances, with average deviations from the optimal solution below 16%. Further, we apply our methodology to a case study of Lima, Peru, under a hypothetical M8.0 earthquake. The application demonstrates that compared to typically implemented policies, a policy guided by our formulation results in shorter time to treatment and reduces the number of untreated patients over the course of the reconstruction period by more than a factor of 3 in a worst‐case scenario with 70% hospital capacity disruption. Finally, we demonstrate that our formulation can be integrated into risk analysis through Monte Carlo simulations to inform decision‐makers of reconstruction plans after future earthquakes.
Shielded Thermocouples for Gas Turbines
Authors: Dahl A. I. , Fiock E. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In gas turbines, the gases are normally much hotter than the surrounding walls, so that radiation from a thermocouple in the gas stream to the walls may cause considerable error in observed values of gas temperature. Effective radiation shielding of the measuring junction can be accomplished by pressing a small tubular shield of silver, gold, or platinum directly on an oxidized junction of base-metal thermoelements. The construction, calibration, and performance of junctions with pressed shields of low surface emissivity are described, and the results to date of service tests in gas turbines are discussed. Experimental results on the rate of response of various junctions to sudden changes in temperature, and means for increasing this rate are presented.
A Study of Three Tube Arrangements in Unbaffled Tubular Heat Exchangers
Authors: Bergelin O. P. , Davis E. S. , Hull H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pressure-drop and heat-transfer tests, using a medium-viscosity oil in viscous flow across vertical tubes in three unbaffled exchangers, are reported in the course of a research program on tubular exchangers. The three once-flow-through units have, respectively, equilateral triangular, in-line square, and staggered square tube arrangements, but, in all other respects, are as nearly identical as possible. Heat-transfer data for three bulk-oil temperatures and a constant, but lower, tube-wall temperature, and both isothermal and nonisothermal pressure-drop data at three temperature levels are reported. The two staggered-tube arrangements provide greater heat transfer at a given pumping power loss than the in-line arrangement in the region of viscous flow, but this superiority decreases at higher velocities and may disappear in turbulent flow as previous data have indicated. A correction is presented for the effect of viscosity gradient upon friction during heat transfer but this correction does not allow for free convection or nonuniform flow.
Constant-Pressure Lathe Test for Measuring the Machinability of Free-Cutting Steels
Authors: Boulger F. W. , Shaw H. L. , Johnson H. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a machinability testing method developed during a co-operative research program at Battelle Memorial Institute sponsored by The Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation. The test evaluates materials on the basis of the feed resulting from a fixed horizontal tool pressure. Its advantage is that it requires only a short testing time. A description of the lathe and auxiliary equipment is given, and typical testing results are presented. The data indicate that the method has a high order of sensitivity and adequate reproducibility of test ratings. Constant-tool-pressure machinability-test ratings were in close agreement with tool-life test values when the evidence indicated reliable sampling, and in adequate agreement with large-scale commercial machining operations. The test seems to offer a means of rating the cutting quality of free-cutting steels rapidly and reliably with the use of small samples.
Influence on Tool Life and Power of Nose Radius, Chamfer, and Peripheral-Cutting-Edge Angle When Face-Milling a 40,000-Psi Cast Iron
Authors: Boston O. W. , Gilbert W. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The object of these tests is to outline the results obtained in studying the effect on tool life, nature of tool wear, and power requirements when varying successively the nose radius, width of chamfer at 45 deg from the cutter face, and the peripheral-cutting-edge angle in face-milling cast iron.
The High-Frequency Heating of Nonconducting Materials
Authors: Jolly F. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High-frequency dielectric heating provides a unique method of heating certain materials with results which are unattainable with conventional means. The limitations of former methods and the advantages of high-frequency heating are discussed, and the theoretical basis and the practical limitations of the latter method are explained. Its applications in various industries and the advantages gained are briefly discussed, followed by some of the possible future applications.
“Packaged” Boilers
Authors: Frisch Martin , Hemenway H. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Various steam-generating units were developed during the war for use particularly in Europe where power networks had been destroyed and power needs had to be met in order to rehabilitate the captured areas rapidly. Power trains, unit power plants, and other forms have been widely described. The present paper deals with four types of “packaged” boilers which are described in some detail; all of them are of the bent-tube type. These are a crossdrum design, built either for stoker- or oil-firing; a portable SA type resembling the original oil-field design; two “D” type units, one of which has special application to motorships having supplementary steam requirements for heating, auxiliary power generation, and the like.
Burning Low-Grade Midwestern Coals on Spreader Stokers With Continuous Ash Discharge: Installation at the Iowa Falls, Iowa, Generating Station of the Central States Electric Company
Authors: Drabelle J. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The use of a spreader stoker with continuous ash discharge for firing a combustion boiler rated at 125,000 lb per hr, 420 psig, 750 F, at the superheater outlet, is described. Design data relating to the furnace, waterwalls, the convection section of the boiler, superheater, air heater, forced- and induced-draft fans, cinder-return system, overfired-air system, combustion control, and the stoker are given. The characteristics of the coals of northern Illinois and Iowa fields are discussed, together with the operating results obtained. Experiences of this publicutility company in the operation of the unit are described and comments of other operators of similar equipment in central-station service are included. Conditions found in the furnace, convection section of the boiler, superheater, air preheater, precipitator unit, fans and stoker, are described. The inspection condition covers 6000 hr of operation of the unit.
Part-Load Characteristics of Marine Gas-Turbine Plants
Authors: Rohsenow W. M. , Hunsaker J. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To be successful as prime movers, a gas-turbine plant must have good part-load characteristics and efficiencies. Several cycle arrangements and methods of control are mentioned for particular applications. The purpose of the paper, however, is to present the results of an investigation of the part-load performance of two different cycle arrangements and to indicate the best method of control for a given set of operating conditions.
Experiences With Internal-Boiler-Surface Corrosion in 1450-Lb Open-Pass Boilers at West End Station of The Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company
Authors: Mitsch E. H. , Yeager B. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three 1450-lb-pressure open-pass boilers designed for 350,000 lb per hr maximum capacity have been in operation at the West End Station since April, 1937, for 5-1; November, 1937, for 5-2; and March, 1938, for 5-3. A pit type of corrosion in certain tubes of boiler 5-1 occurred in April, 1940, after 3 years of operation without difficulty from corrosion. In February, 1941, the first failure by corrosion at the rolled joints of tubes occurred on boiler 5-3. This type of corrosion stopped being active at about the beginning of 1942 and had not recurred up to June, 1946. The rolled-joint corrosion appeared to occur during the period when the boilers were operated with continuous and rapid changes in steam demand. Conditions of operation, boiler-water concentrations, and other factors are described and compared in order to determine the cause for the corrosion or to determine what factors were responsible for arresting it.
Precipitation-Hardened Alloys for Gas-Turbine Service—I: Metallurgical Considerations
Authors: Scott Howard , Gordon R. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed account of the metallurgical principles involved in the development of precipitation-hardened alloys for gas turbines, together with typical data on heat-resistant alloys “K42B,” “Discaloy,” “Refractaloy 26,” and “Refractaloy 70.” Selection of base alloy and hardening agent, choice of heat-treatment for optimum properties, and the use of short-time tensile and creep rupture tests in evaluating the effects of composition and heat-treatment variables are discussed in Part I. The creep rupture properties of K42B, Discaloy, Refractaloy 26, and Refractaloy 70 are given in Part II in the form of design curves for each alloy at one or more temperatures in the range 1200 to 1600 F. The factors governing choice of alloy for rotor and blading service are discussed together with some considerations on forging, machining, welding, and heat-treating these gas-turbine components.