bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Technique for Eliminating Contaminants from Asparagus Seeds
Authors: Elmer Wade H. , Stephens Christine T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thirteen seed treatments were compared to determine the optimal method to produce asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Viking) seeds suitable for axenic culture. Treated seeds were examined for microbial contamination by culture on an agar medium and for percent germination by incubation on moistened paper. All treatments that included benomyl in acetone (2.5%, w/v) with 20% household bleach (0.1% sodium hypochlorite) were superior to the other treatments in eliminating bacterial and fungal contaminants without decreasing seed germination. Ethanol (70%) and hydrogen peroxide also decreased contamination levels, but ethanol decreased germination significantly. No evidence of internal contamination was detected when aseptic seeds were germinated and cultured on agar medium. Chemical names used: methyl(1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate (benomyl).
Rest and Postdormancy of Seeds of Cotoneaster species
Authors: Meyer Martin M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of C. apiculatus and C. divaricatus were treated with concentrated H2SO4, washed, and stored in moist vermiculite at 2°C (stratified) for 0, 30, 58, 87, and 116 days. These seeds were then tested for germination at 4.5, 10.0, 15.5, 21.0, and 26.5°. The percentage of seed that germinated was influenced by an interaction of duration of stratification and germination temperature. Seeds of these species germinated at a widening range of temperatures as length of moist chilling increased and thus, demonstrated the postdormant phenomenon.
Plant Regeneration by Organogenesis from Strawberry Leaf and Runner Tissue
Authors: Liu Zong R. , Sanford John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methods were developed for efficient shoot regeneration from leaf and runner tissues of the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars Allstar and Honeoye. Optimal regeneration conditions differed for ‘Allstar’, depending on whether leaf tissue was derived from plantlets grown in vitro or from plants grown in the greenhouse. ‘Allstar’ leaf tissues derived from in vitro cultures regenerated shoots most efficiently in a Linsmaier–Skoog (LS) medium containing 2.5 mg BA and 0.5 mg IBA/liter. ‘Allstar’ leaf tissues derived from greenhouse plants regenerated shoots best in LS medium containing 3.0 mg BA and 0.1 mg IBA/liter. Addition of casein hydrolysate (CH) at either 400 or 600 mg·liter−1 stimulated shoot production. A supplement of KNO3 at 2000 mg·liter−1 also enhanced regeneration efficiency of greenhouse-grown leaf tissues. ‘Honeoye’ had lower regeneration potential in most treatments than ‘Allstar’ and only produced shoots in a LS medium containing 5.0 mg BA, 0.5 mg IBA, and 400 mg CH/liter. Shoots from runner tissues of both cultivars were best obtained using LS medium containing 10.0 mg BA, 2.0 IAA, and 500 mg CH/liter. Shoot production from runners was dependent on the diameter of the runner, with diameters of <2.0 mm having poor regeneration potential. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1H-indoIe-3-butyric acid (IBA); and 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
‘Bonita’ Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Lyrene P. M. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Florida's early season, fresh market rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) industry has been based mainly on the cultivars Beckyblue, Climax, Aliceblue, and Premier. Both ‘Aliceblue’ and ‘Premier’ have given problems with poor fruit set after mild winters, particularly in areas south and east of Gainesville (1); thus, there is a need for additional early ripening cultivars to interplant with ‘Beckyblue’ and ‘Climax’. ‘Bonita’ is being released for this purpose by the Institute of Food and Agricultural Science from the Univ. of Florida blueberry breeding program.
BHRS 2-3 Fusarium Wilt-resistant Tomato
Authors: McGrath D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BHRS 2-3 is an inbred line of fresh-market tomato (L. esculentum Mill.) with resistance to races 1, 2, and 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans. This line was developed at Bowen Horticultural Research Station, Queensland, Australia, and was released by the Queensland Dept. of Primary Industries in 1987.
‘Redlands Sweet Sue’ Pepper
Authors: Hibberd A. M. , Gillespie D. , Nahrung G. C. , Persley D. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Redlands Sweet Sue’ is a highly productive, nonpungent, smooth skinned pepper. The fruit shape is similar to ‘Sweet Banana’ and size and color is similar to ‘Cubanelle’. Plants were selected for resistance to the leaf spot bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and one of three strains of potato virus Y (PVY) endemic in southeast Queensland. Plants continuously set fruit and offer wide adaptability in regions where the PVY complex is not a major problem.
Tissue Culture of Fruit Crops in China
Authors: Wang Dayuan , Gui Yao-lin , Sun Jiang-san 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In China, research on tissue culture applications to fruit crop improvement has expanded greatly in the past 10 years. Tissue culture is considered to be an effective method for a) virus elimination from vegetatively propagated plants; b) rapid clonal multiplication of superior cultivars; c) the isolation and avoidance of chimeras that appear in mutation breeding, d) the establishment of haploid and polyploid lines; e) overcoming sterility in breeding through embryo rescue; and f) germplasm maintenance and storage. Tissue culture technology has been used for most of the important fruit crops in China, including a few fruit crops introduced from foreign countries (Table 1). Plants can be regenerated from various explants such as a) shoot-tips and meristems, b) cotyledons, c) anthers, d) immature and mature embryos, and e) endosperm. Plants can also be regenerated from protoplasts via organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, or axillary bud proliferation. Procedures for the mass production in vitro of plants for commercial purposes have been established in grape (Vitis vinifera L.), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), and currant (Ribes nigrum L.). An overview of the various tissue culture technologies that are being used to improve fruit crops in China is presented here.
Water and Solute Fluxes through Pruned Muscadine Grape Spurs
Authors: Andersen Peter C. , Brodbeck Brent V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diurnal characteristics of the grape bleeding phenomenon were investigated for four muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Mich.) grape cultivars. Shoots 6 to 12 mm in diameter of 8-year-old ‘Fry’, ‘Noble’, ‘Cowart’, and ‘Jumbo’ were cut to 60- to 140-mm-long spurs on 3 Apr., and the naturally occurring exudate was collected in foil-covered Erlenmeyer flasks. Water flux (Jv), osmotic potential (Ψs), and total solute flux (Js) were monitored diurnally from bleeding spurs. A distinct diurnal trend in Jv occurred with a minimum during early evening and a maximum during late morning. The Ψs of the exudate varied only slightly diurnally, thus the total quantity of solute moved from the root to the shoot was several times greater during the day than during the night. Water flux and Ψs were cultivar- and time-dependent. The Ψs of the exudate varied from −53.4 to −27.7 kPa. Maximum Js occurred at 1000 hr and was ≈ 0.250 mmol·s−1·m−2 for all cultivars except ‘Cowart’.
Mechanical Bloom Thinning of Peach
Authors: Baugher Tara A. , Elliott Kendall C. , Blizzard Steve H. , Walter Sandra I. , Keiser Thomas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A mechanical bloom-thinning technique, using suspended flexible strands of rubber belting or rope moved through trees on a frame mounted on a forklift, was tested on ‘Early Loring’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Heaviest thinning occurred in the upper two-thirds of the tree canopy. Shoot orientation and flower position did not affect bloom removal. Maximum bloom removal occurred at full bloom when the thinning machine passed through a tree at least four times. Operating at an increased tractor speed increased thinning. The most effective treatments removed 45% to 59% of the blossoms, reduced number of fruit from 18 to around 10/cm2 limb cross-sectional area (CSA) and reduced hand thinning time by 30%.
Preharvest Ethephon Sprays Reduce Superficial Scald of ‘Granny Smith’ Apples
Authors: Lurie Susan , Meir Shimon , Arie Ruth Ben 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various combinations of preharvest ethephon sprays were applied to ‘Granny Smith’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh). The fruit were harvested twice the first year with selective picking from the interior and exterior of the tree and three times the second year. Scald incidence was measured after storage at 0°C in air for 3 or 6 months plus 1 week at 20°. There was a correlation between scald after storage and fruit soluble solids concentration and firmness at harvest and with conjugated triene levels at harvest or after storage. Ethephon sprays reduced scald incidence between 20% to 75% depending on treatment and storage length.
Three Mimic Mutants for Reclining Foliage in Common Bean
Authors: Bassett Mark J. , Awuma Kafui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two new mutants for the reclining foliage (RF) character were induced by treating seed of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding lines B-351 and 182-1 with 20 krad of γ-radiation. These two mutants were shown to be monogenic and recessive. Allelism tests between the common RF gene rf and the two new mimic mutants for RF indicated that each of the three mutants has an independent locus. The symbols rf2 and rf3 were given to the new mutants. F2 data from the allelism tests showed that the rf2 stock carries a recessive epistatic gene i that does not affect rf2 but suppresses expression of rf and rf3. The rf locus was shown to be independent of the Sur locus for RF in linkage group VII.
Interspecific Hybrid Verification of Plum × Apricot Hybrids Via Isozyme Analyses
Authors: Byrne David H. , Littleton Thomas G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A series of diploid plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. and hybrids), apricot (P. armeniaca L.), and plum × apricot (plumcot) clones were surveyed for six enzyme systems to identify a biochemical marker system for plumcots. Peroxidase (EC 1.11,1.7) was the best marker for identifying plum × apricot hybrids. The other systems contained plum or apricot specific alleles useful in verifying hybrid parentage of first or later generation derivatives.
Differential Reaction of Tepary Bean Lines to Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
Authors: Zaiter Haytham Z. , Coyne Dermont P. , Vidaver Anne K. , Steadman James R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The leaf and pod reactions of 18 tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) accessions and one susceptible dry bean check, ‘Spinel’ (P. vulgaris), to five common blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli) strains of diverse origin were determined in greenhouse tests. Tepary accessions showed incompatible reaction, slight symptoms, or moderate to severe symptoms on the leaves and pods. Statistical interactions of bacterial strains × host compatibility for both leaves and pods were evident. There were intermediate to moderately high positive correlations between the reaction of leaves and pods for four strains and a low correlation with one strain. Selection for resistance should be done in both pods and leaves.
Short-term Cooling of Cucumber Roots Alters Leaf Carbohydrate Metabolism
Authors: Suzanne Robbins N. , Pharr David M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of short-term cooling of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Calypso’) roots on leaf expansion and carbohydrate metabolism was studied. Leaf expansion of greenhouse-grown cucumber plants irrigated twice daily with chilled water (5°C) was reduced by about 15% relative to that of plants irrigated with water at ambient greenhouse air temperature, even though the soil was never below 15°C. Leaf carbon exchange rate was not affected by rooting medium temperature. However, photoassimilate export rate was reduced from leaves of plants with cooled roots and starch accumulation in leaves of these plants was increased relative to that in control plants. Galactinol concentrations were significantly higher in leaves of plants that had reduced photoassimilate export rates.
Optimizing Planting Methods for an Intensive Muskmelon Production System
Authors: Brown James E. , Osborn Marla C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of plastic mulch and spunbonded row covers in melon production has increased in the past decade (2, 3,5). Research has shown that muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] can be grown successfully with black plastic mulch (BPM) and/or row covers. When row covers are used in combination with BPM, higher yields and earlier maturity of some crops are achieved than when BPM is used alone (1, 2, 5). Though numerous studies (1, 2, 4) have reported the benefits of black plastic mulch and row covers in melon production, information is limited on response of melons using these materials with different planting methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of BPM and row cover on direct-seeded and transplanted muskmelon production.
Micropropagation of Peperomia and Begonia Species using Petiole Segments
Authors: Ramachandra Srinivasa , Khatamian H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many species of Peperomia and Begonia are used as indoor foliage plants. Some species, such as P. viridis (3), Peperomia ‘Red Ripple’ (2), and Begonia × tuberhybrida (7), are reported to be easily propagated by tissue culture. However, attempts to regenerate P. sandersii CDC. (1) and P. eburnea (4) by tissue culture have failed. This paper describes procedures for in vitro propagation of P. argyreia E. Morr. ‘Watermelon’, P. caperata Yunck. ‘Emerald Ripple’ and B. erythrophylla J. Neumann ‘Beefsteak’ using petiole segments.
Plant Propagation using an Aero-hydroponics System
Authors: Soffer Hillel , Burger David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydroponic and aeroponic methods have been used to study the propagation and growth of plants (1, 2, 4). A combination of these two methods of liquid culture, aero-hydroponics, has been developed (3). Known as the Ein Gedi System (EGS), this aerohydroponics method incorporates the advantages (buffered nutrient capacity of hydroponics and water oxygenation of aeroponics) of both types of liquid culture. The objective of this study was to compare aero-hydroponics (EGS) and solid media for cutting propagation with and without overhead mist.
‘Bounty’ Peach
Authors: Scorza Ralph , Fogle Harold W. , Gilreath Lenard E. , Patten Kim , Neuendorff Elizabeth W. , Okie William R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Bounty’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released because of its large fruit size, excellent flavor (as judged by us), and productivity, particularly under dry soil conditions of eastern Texas. Its ability to produce fruit of uniform maturity throughout the canopy makes it especially suitable for once-over harvesting. ‘Bounty’ has outstanding potential as a mid-season fresh-market peach for the south-central United States, particularly Texas, and is suggested for trial in the mid-Atlantic and eastern United States.
High Carotene Mass Carrot Population
Authors: Simon Philipp W. , Wolff Xenia Y. , Peterson C. E. , Kammerlohr Dale S. , Rubatzky Vince E. , Strandberg James O. , Bassett Mark J. , White J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carotenes from vegetables and fruits are vitamin A precursors that contribute about half of the vitamin A in the U.S. diet (3) and two-thirds of the world diet (5). Carrots typically contain 65 to 90 ppm carotenes (1) and are estimated to be the major source of carotene for U.S. consumers (3). Few pro-vitamin A sources surpass the carotene content of typical carrots, although red palm oil can contain >825 ppm carotenes (2). Genetic selection for higher carotene levels in carrots could increase the dietary consumption of carotene and consequently vitamin A. A high carotene mass carrot population was developed for use in breeding, genetic, and biochemical studies of carrot (Fig. 1).
Introduction to the Colloquium
Authors: Lamberts Mary L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This colloquium was jointly sponsored by the following ASHS Working Groups: Women in Horticulture, Climatology and Meteorology, Floriculture, Food Quality and Nutrition, Mycorrhiza, Nursery Crops, Ornamentals/Landscape and Turf, Ornamental Plant Breeding, Postharvest, and Vegetable Breeding. The sponsorship of these groups for a colloquium on statistics indicates the wide appeal and universality of concern among the many disparate interest groups within the science of horticulture for this topic.
Pecan Shells as an Organic Component of Container Potting Media
Authors: Wang Tsai-Yih , Pokorny Franklin A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pecan shells, a waste product of the nut processing industry, were evaluated as a potential container medium component. Raw shells need to be hammer-milled or otherwise transformed into a physically consistent product. Shells were acidic (pH 4.8) and low in soluble salts and water-extractable nutrients. Four shell-based media (100% milled pecan shells, 3 shells: 1 sand, 1 shells: 1 sand, and 1 shells: 3 sand, v/v) were evaluated. Control medium was 1.5 Canadian sphagnum peat: 1 perlite (v/v). Growth of begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link and Otto ‘Scarlet’) and tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Rutgers’) increased linearly as percentage of sand was increased from 0% to 75%. Begonias grown in the 1 shell : 3 sand mix equaled growth and quality of control plants. None of the tomato plants in shell-based media were comparable in growth to the control, because of phytotoxic substances associated with shells and the inadequacy of easily available water of shell-based media. Ilex × ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ grown in shell-based media were equivalent in size and quality to those in peat-perlite.
Water Management during Tall Fescue Establishment
Authors: Fry Jack D. , Butler Jack D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine effects of deficit irrigation and pre-plant soil incorporation of a hydrophilic polymer on the establishment of ‘Rebel’ tall fescue. In the field, lysimeters containing a sandy clay loam soil were seeded with tall fescue and irrigated with equivalents of 50% or 100% of the potential evapotranspiration (ETp) (i.e., water used when soil moisture is not limiting) of a mature turf. The low irrigation level resulted in poor germination and stand establishment. Pre-plant incorporation of a hydrophilic polymer (98 kg·ha-1) was ineffective in enhancing seedling survival under dry soil conditions. Greenhouse studies evaluating higher levels of polymer application on tall fescue establishment during drought revealed that the polymer did not reduce plant stress until occupying at least 1.0% of the soil volume to a depth of 12.5 cm. Excessive polymer amounts would be required to achieve this proportion in the field.
Comparison of Controlled-release Fertilizers for Production of Rhododendron ‘Anna Rose Whitney’
Authors: French Christopher J. , Alsbury James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two controlled-release formulations, Nutricote 16N-4.3P-8.3K and Osmocote 18N-2.6P-10K and two application methods, dibbling and incorporation, were compared during production of containerized Rhododendron ‘Anna Rose Whitney’ (R. griersonianum × R. ‘Countess of Derby’). Plants treated with Nutricote produced more vegetative growth than those treated with Osmocote; there was no difference between fertilizers with respect to flower bud set. Dibbling fertilizer produced better growth than incorporation, particularly with Osmocote. Dibbling fertilizer increased flower bud set. There was a negative relationship between soluble salt levels in the growing medium and plant growth.
Heat Treatment for Control of Postharvest Diseases and Insect Pests of Fruits
Authors: Melvin Couey H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heat treatments have been used to control fungal diseases and insect infestation of fruit for many years. However, with the development of effective fungicides and insecticides, especially fumigants, which could be applied cheaply and easily, interest in heat treatments waned. Stringent short- and long-term safety studies imposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made retention of registration for many agricultural chemicals increasingly difficult. Some of the fumigants, such as ethylene dibromide, which were developed and used to control insects during the past 20 to 30 years, are no longer registered; others may lose registration in the future. These regulatory restrictions also increase the cost of developing new chemical fumigants and, therefore, interest in heat disinfestation has been revived (5).
Ethanol Production from Food Processing Wastes
Authors: Badger Phillip C. , Broder Jacqueline D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Liquid fuels, the most versatile form of energy, primarily are produced from oil. They are subject to wide price fluctuations and critical shortages. Ethanol, which can be used as a liquid fuel or liquid fuel supplement, readily can be produced from starch and sugar feedstocks. Ethanol production from cellulosic sources or biomass can provide renewable, domestically produced fuel from the decentralized sources of U.S. farms and forests. Such production has other stategic implications for the United States, such as strengthening the farm economy, reducing vulnerability to oil boycotts, and reducing the amounts of dollars exported. More information is available on using ethanol in internal combustion engines than any other nonpetroleum-based liquid fuel. For these reasons, ethanol represents the best near-term choice for a liquid fuel from biomass.
Using Waste Energy in Greenhouse Crop Production
Authors: Tiessen Herman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The North American greenhouse industry has come under considerable financial stress in the past decade, with numerous firms leaving the industry. The main reason often given was the increased energy costs. Some growers of greenhouse crops have gone out of business because of energy costs. Recently energy costs have stabilized; this change, accompanied with higher returns for domestically grown greenhouse crops, has decreased the growers’ concerns about the energy situation. We would be naive to think that energy costs will not rise again in the future.
Nutritional Stresses in Tomato Genotypes Grown under High-pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps
Authors: Barker Allen V. , Corey Kenneth A. , Craker Lyle E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three genotypes (‘Heinz 1350’, neglecta-1, yellow-green-5) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown during winter under natural light or with natural light supplemented with light from high-pressure sodium vapor (HPS) lamps (200-400 μmol·s-1·m-2). The plants were grown in sand culture with NO-3 or NH+4 nutrition. Symptoms resembling Ca, Mg, K, and P deficiencies developed on the foliage of plants exposed to radiation from HPS lamps. Clustering of short branches in the lateral and terminal growing regions (yg-5) and epinasty (‘Heinz 1350’ and neg-1) developed on the shoots receiving HPS irradiation. Ethylene evolution by the three genotypes was enhanced by the supplemental lighting and NH+4 nutrition. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, and P in the shoots were lower in plants receiving HPS irradiation than in plants grown under natural light. Dry weights of shoots were increased by supplemental lighting relative to the weights of the plants receiving only natural light. Total accumulation of Ca, Mg, K, and P was not suppressed by HPS lighting, indicating that the phytotoxic effects of the lamps was not due to their effects on total nutrient accumulation.