bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FENOMENA BU NYAI PENGAJAR TAFSIR BERDIMENSI GENDER LOKALITAS DI PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDHOTUL QUR'AN JEMBER
Authors: Munawiroh Afifatul , Al Asy Ari M. Khoirul Hadi 
Published: January 2022

The majority of pesantren, the oldest Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, are still giving a priority to men for most important positions and roles in managing the pesantren. However, there is an interesting phenomenon at Pesantren Roudhotul Qur'an in Jember, East Java, where Nyai Mulazimah took unusual position as a leader of the pesantren, as well as the teacher of Tafsir Jalalain, the most influential tafsir books at pesantren. One of her contribution is conducting a reading of Tafsir Jalalain using a gender approach. This article aims to analyze the role of Nyai Mulazimah and her influences on shaping socio-religious traditions within her pesantren, especially related to the interpretation of the Qur'an (tafsir). This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews with Mrs. Nyai Mulazimah and several students. The results reveal that the presence of Nyai Mulazimah as a teacher, who makes an interpretation of the Qur’an using a gender perspective, has created a new distinction to the tradition of teaching a tafsir within a pesantren which has been dominated by men. Therefore, this also gives rise to more diverse perspectives on the interpretation of certain verses within the pesantren, especially those related to the role and social position of women.Mayoritas pesantren di Indonesia masih memprioritaskan laki-laki pada posisi dan peran-peran penting di pondok pesantren. Salah satu fenomena menarik di Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an di Jember adalah keberadan Bu Nyai Mulazimah sebagai pemimpin pondok sekaligus pengajar Tafsir Jalalain. Melalui peran Bu Nyai Mulazimah, pengajaran Tafsir Jalalain diajarkan dengan pendekatan gender. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Bu Nyai tersebut dan pengaruhnya terhadap tradisi sosial-keagamaan di pesantren khususnya dalam konteks penafsiran al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap Bu Nyai Mulazimah dan beberapa santri. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa keberadaan Bu Nyai Mulazimah sebagai pengajar tafsir dengan perspektif gender telah memberikan nuansa baru dalam tradisi pengajaran tafsir di pesantren yang selama ini didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki. Sehingga, hal ini memunculkan sudut pandang yang lebih beragam tentang tafsir ayat-ayat tertentu di pesantren, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan peran dan posisi sosial perempuan dalam masyarakat.
PLEASURE OF SPEECH IN THE LANGUAGE STYLE OF THE FRENCH YOUTUBER CYPRIEN
Authors: Cendekiaputri Alicia Nadine , Sajarwa Sajarwa , Firmonasari Aprillia 
Published: January 2022

Language as a part of the study of communication is often used to build individuals' "image," especially amongst people (such as YouTubers) who are well known to the public. In linguistics, one's use of specific language to express oneself is called one's language style. Language styles serve as "signs," through which users create concepts of themselves and their personalities. As such, individuals' language styles usually have specific purposes and functions. This study will examine the language style used by Cyprien, a French media YouTuber, and its functions using the theory of Catherine Fromilhague using qualitative approach. Its corpus draws on data from Cyprien's five most popular videos (as ascertained based on the number of viewers), which were accessed through YouTube media. The data were obtained by viewing these videos and noting the utterances and language styles used. Afterward, data were classified and analyzed based on the language style used and its function. This research finds that eleven language styles were used, with different frequencies. These styles served argumentative, ornamental, and cognitive functions. The conclusion of this study are used to draw viewers' interest and stave off boredom, thereby ensuring that they are willing to follow Cyprien's channel. At the same time, these language styles are used for a range of purposes, including emphasizing essential points and creating rhythm.
A Pesquisa Histórica no Cinema Latino-americano: Perspectivas e desafios na era digital
Authors: Morettin Eduardo , Cuarterolo Andrea , Torello Georgina 
Published: January 2022

O objetivo principal do dossiê é o de refletir sobre os rumos atuais da pesquisa histórica em cinema no mundo latino-americano, pensando os desafios impostos pela contemporaneidade e as perspectivas existentes. Os esforços no sentido de elaborar um sistema de compreensão das experiências ocorridas no passado que relacione a análise fílmica e os dados da produção cinematográfica em suas diferentes manifestações às questões de contexto constituem uma das tarefas do trabalho do historiador. A nossa intenção é de avaliar o estatuto das novas abordagens, novos objetos e novos problemas nas pesquisas históricas mais recentes e os possíveis caminhos a serem enfrentados na articulação entre teoria e prática. Como se sabe, a pesquisa em história do cinema sempre dependeu dos arquivos audiovisuais e Cinematecas, muitos deles em risco na América Latina, como é o caso da Cinemateca Brasileira. Sempre é preciso ressaltar a importância estratégia dos acervos, pois armazenam filmes, cartazes, roteiros, reportagens – documentos que, articulados pelo pesquisador ao método escolhido, à formação de núcleos temáticos e de conceitos, e à constituição de uma periodização, constroem a história de determinada cinematografia. Em 2020 a forma privilegiada de acesso às fontes foi por meio do digital, o que certamente acentuou os desafios que já se colocavam desde o início do século XXI. Se com os filmes a dimensão de apreensão de sua visualidade está se modificando com o seu visionamento em celulares e computadores, há uma crescente perda de contato com a materialidade das fontes pelo contínua pesquisa a bases de dados e repositórios (de arquivos/ cinematecas ou não). Pensar as implicações desta situação para a pesquisa histórica em cinema constitui um dos objetivos do presente dossiê.
A Review of Existing Transtibial Bionic Prosthesis: Mechanical Design, Actuators and Power Transmission
Authors: Ismawan Ade Reza , Ismail Rifky , Prahasto Tony , Ariyanto Mochammad , Setiyana Budi 
Published: January 2022

Transtibial and transfemoral amputations are the most common amputations in the world, loss of lower extremity result in impaired function extremities and also body balance. A prosthesis is a medical device designed to replace a specific body part to restore function to a body part lost due to an accident or disease. Most doctors strongly recommend the use of a prosthesis so that patients can return to normal activities after undergoing an amputation. Besides functioning to support beauty, the use of prostheses is also to restore the quality of life of prosthetic users, the issue of metabolic energy consumption when walking is also very important in designing transtibial bionic prosthesis because it involves the comfort of the user transtibial prosthesis. Most of the existing transtibial prosthesis products in Indonesia are conventional passive transtibial foot products, and passive prosthesis users show a limp or asymmetrical gait pattern so that conventional passive prosthesis users experience discomfort when walking in the form of pain in the amputated leg and normal foot, which can cause secondary musculoskeletal injuries such as joint disorders. Passive prostheses cannot generate propulsive force during push-off phase (terminal stance and preswing) of the human gait cycle. The use of passive prostheses can also consume 20-30% more metabolic energy while walking so that it can cause fatigue for the user. Transtibial bionic prosthesis research is growing, transtibial bionic prosthesis can overcome the weakness of passive prosthesis because it can produce push-off during gait cycle and several researchers have shown that bionic prostheses are capable of mimicking the human gait, as well as improve the performance in a more natural gait and normal walking. This study aims to study the existing transtibial bionic prosthesis by comparing between 6 existing designs of powered ankle or transtibial bionic prosthesis that have been published in several publications. The discussion focuses on the design and mechanical systems, actuators related to the selection of motors and drive mechanisms as well as power transmission from actuators to moving components.
The EU external policy and the 2015–2018 refugee relocation system in the light of historical institutionalism
Authors: Czachór Zbigniew 
Published: January 2022

The main research objective of the text is to analyse the refugee relocation system in the light of historical institutionalism in 2015–2018. Historical institutionalism refers to the interaction between European integration actors in the European Union system, analysed in retrospect from a documentary perspective. The time factor is particularly important, since it enables to follow the institutional process defined by EU norms, procedures and integration rules and their sequential impact on favoured treatment or disavowing of integration visions, preferences, needs and interests.
In view of the above, the refugee relocation system proposed and introduced in the period 2015–2018 confirms the above research assumption that the political decision on relocation made by the European Commission and the European Council resulted in a relevant legal act adopted by the EU Council to regulate the issue. Although under the pressure of the situation Member States agreed, some of them began to contest the decisions later.
Prospective urinary albumin/creatinine ratio for diagnosis, staging, and organ response assessment in renal AL amyloidosis: results from a large cohort of patients
Authors: Basset Marco , Milani Paolo , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Nuvolone Mario , Foli Andrea , Benigna Francesca , Nanci Martina , Bozzola Margherita , Ripepi Jessica , Sesta Melania , Russo Francesca , Bosoni Tiziana , Klersy Catherine , Albertini Riccardo , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Quantification of 24 h-proteinuria is the gold standard for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring of patients with renal AL amyloidosis. However, 24 h-urine collection is cumbersome and may result in preanalytical error. In this prospective study, we investigated the role of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) (cut-off: 300 mg/g) identifying renal involvement, evaluated a UACR-based staging system (UACR cut-off: 3,600 mg/g) and assessed whether UACR response (UACR decrease >30% without worsening in eGFR >25%) predicts renal outcome in 531 patients with newly-diagnosed AL amyloidosis.

Methods
From October 2013 paired 24 h-proteinuria and UACR (on first morning void) were measured in all newly-diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis. Correlation between 24 h-proteinuria and UACR at baseline was assessed by Pearson’s r test. Impact of UACR response on renal outcome was assessed in randomly created testing (n=354) and validation (n=177) cohorts.

Results
A strong linear correlation was found between 24 h-proteinuria and UACR at baseline (r=0.90; p<0.001). After a median follow-up of 31 months, 57 (11%) patients required dialysis. A UACR-based renal staging system identified three stages with significantly higher dialysis rate at 36 months comparing stage I with stage II and stage II with stage III. Achieving a renal response, according to a UACR-based criterion, resulted in lower dialysis rate in both testing and validation cohorts.

Conclusions
UACR is a reliable marker for diagnosis, prognosis, and organ response assessment in renal AL amyloidosis and can reliably replace 24 h-proteinuria in clinical trials and individual patients’ management.
Balancing redox equations through zero oxidation number method
Authors: Zheng Shengping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many high school students and first-year undergraduate students find it difficult to balance redox reactions. A method using zero oxidation number to balance redox equations is presented herein. This method may shorten the balancing time and lessen the effort. It is a helpful complement to the traditional oxidation number method and half-reaction method.
The effect of liquid crystalline graphene oxide compared with non-liquid crystalline graphene oxide on the rheological properties of polyacrylonitrile solution
Authors: Liu Baihua , Wang Cong , Muhuo Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and two kinds of graphene oxide (GO) with different structural properties are blended in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) according to a certain ratio to prepare stable-spinning solution. One kind of GO is purchased, and we call it GO1. The other is a kind of self-made GO with liquid crystal property in solution, which is called GO2. The effects of two kinds of GO on the rheological properties of PAN/GO spinning solution (15 wt%) were studied. The results show that the viscous activation energy of the liquid crystal GO2/PAN blend solution is significantly higher than that of the nonliquid crystal GO1/PAN blend solution. Moreover, the liquid crystal system is more obviously affected by temperature. The structural viscosity index of the liquid crystalline GO2/PAN solution is obviously lower than that of the GO1/PAN solution. It indicates that the existence of liquid crystallinity is beneficial to the spinning of the solution. In the low-frequency region, the addition of GO1 makes the solution more elastic, and the addition of GO2 makes the solution more viscous.
Viscous dissipation effect on steady natural convection Couette flow with convective boundary condition
Authors: Ajibade Abiodun O. , Kabir Tafida M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present article explores the effect of viscous dissipation on steady natural convection Couette flow subject to convective boundary condition. Due to the nonlinearity and coupling of the governing equations in the present situation, the homotopy perturbation method was employed to obtain the solutions of the energy and momentum equations. The impacts of the controlling parameters were investigated and discussed graphically. In the course of investigation, it was found that fluid temperature increases with an increase in viscous dissipation while the reverse trend was observed in fluid velocity. However, it was also discovered that heat generation leads to a decrease in the rate of heat transfer on the heated plate and it increases on the cold plate. Finally, it was concluded that the velocity boundary layer thickness increases with an increase in Biot number.
Immediate and long-term improvement in lexical stress perception: the role of teacher and peer feedback
Authors: Sippel Lieselotte , Martin Ines A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated to what extent teacher and peer feedback promote L2 lexical stress perception skills and how gains are maintained over time. Eighty-two participants from 11 sections of first-year German courses at three universities were assigned to a teacher feedback group, a peer feedback provider group, a peer feedback receiver group, or a control group. After completing a pronunciation training on word stress in German–English cognates, the teacher group received feedback on their pronunciation from a teacher, the provider group gave feedback to peers, and the receiver group received feedback from peers. The control group did not complete the pronunciation training or receive feedback. Results comparing learners’ pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest perception accuracy revealed that the teacher group and the provider group made significant gains in terms of their ability to perceive word stress in cognates, whereas the receiver group and the control group showed no improvement.
Analysis of optical networks in presence of nodes noise and crosstalk
Authors: Shukla Rahul Deo , Pratap Ajay , Suryavanshi Raghuraj Singh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptical packet switching has gained lot of momentum in last decade due to the advantages of optical fiber over copper cables. Optical switching is beneficial in optical networks which form connections of links and switching nodes. In these high speed networks minimum delay and high throughput are two important parameters which are considered. To minimize network delay shortest path algorithm is used for route selections. In previous studies while choosing shortest path distance among various nodes is considered. In this work we have shown that it is necessary to consider both distance and number of hops while choosing path from source to destination to minimize power per bit used for the transmission.
Free-form optimization of nanophotonic devices: from classical methods to deep learning
Authors: Park Juho , Kim Sanmun , Nam Daniel Wontae , Chung Haejun , Park Chan Y. , Jang Min Seok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanophotonic devices have enabled microscopic control of light with an unprecedented spatial resolution by employing subwavelength optical elements that can strongly interact with incident waves. However, to date, most nanophotonic devices have been designed based on fixed-shape optical elements, and a large portion of their design potential has remained unexplored. It is only recently that free-form design schemes have been spotlighted in nanophotonics, offering routes to make a break from conventional design constraints and utilize the full design potential. In this review, we systematically overview the nascent yet rapidly growing field of free-form nanophotonic device design. We attempt to define the term “free-form” in the context of photonic device design, and survey different strategies for free-form optimization of nanophotonic devices spanning from classical methods, adjoint-based methods, to contemporary machine-learning-based approaches.
Survival is the driver for adaptation: safety engineering changed the future, security engineering prevented disasters and transition engineering navigates the pathway to the climate-safe future
Authors: Krumdieck Susan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Consider a simple idea describing the time, space and relationship scales of survival. Engineering has been going along with the current paradigm that growth in wealth and material consumption can continue through innovation and technology development. The proposed survival continuum concept represents a new way to think about sustainability that has clear implications for influencing engineering projects in all fields. The argument for survival as the driver for adaptation is developed sequentially, building on theory, definition, examples and history. The key idea is that sustainability will be effectively addressed by a new engineering discipline furthering development of the field of safety engineering with longer time scale, broader space scale and more complex relationship scale. The implication is that the past 100-year development of safety engineering can be leveraged to fast-track the inclusion of sustainability risk management throughout the entire engineering profession. The conclusion is that a new, interdisciplinary field, Transition Engineering, is emerging as the way our society will achieve sustainability-safety through rapid reduction in fossil fuel use and reduction in detrimental social and environmental impacts of industrialization.
Anaerobic digestion fundamentals, challenges, and technological advances
Authors: Uddin Md Mosleh , Wright Mark Mba 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a natural biochemical process that converts organic materials into combustible biogas. AD has been long practiced for agricultural and urban waste management; however, this process is getting more attention as an alternative energy source nowadays. Additionally, various biogas-derived value-added chemicals and transportation fuels are turning AD into a profitable biorefinery business model. Despite its numerous potentials, AD technologies still face challenges in conversion efficiency, process stability, product quality, and economic feasibility. Researchers have been devising various mechanisms to tackle these challenges. However, a widespread adoption of commercial-scale AD is yet to be visible. The development of AD technology requires a concerted effort of scientists from different backgrounds to ensure rapid expansion.
The story of nitrogen
Authors: Consiglio David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For centuries, farmers have needed fertilizers rich in nitrogen to increase crop yields. This need led to one of the most unusual wars in history: a war over fossilized bird droppings. Twentieth century chemists solved the problem of mass-producing nitrogen fertilizer, but their solution required enormous amounts of energy. Twenty-first century chemists now face the challenge of producing nitrogen fertilizer without the need for energy provided by fossil fuels.
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus V3526 Vaccine RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Mutants Increase Vaccine Safety Through Restricted Tissue Tropism in a Mouse Model
Authors: Haines Clint A. , Campos Rafael K. , Azar Sasha R. , Warmbrod K. Lane , Kautz Tiffany F. , Forrester Naomi L. , Rossi Shannan L. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an arbovirus endemic to the Americas, for which no vaccines or antiviral agents have been approved. TC-83 and V3526 are the best-characterized vaccine candidates for VEEV. Both are live-attenuated vaccines and have been associated with safety concerns, although fewer concerns exist for V3526. A previous attempt to improve the TC-83 vaccine focused on further attenuating the vaccine by adding mutations that alter the error-incorporation rate of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).

Methods:
The research herein examined the effects of these RdRp mutations in V3526 by cloning the 3X and 4X strains, assessing vaccine efficacy against challenge in adult female CD-1 mice, examining neutralizing-antibody titers, investigating vaccine tissue tropism, and testing the stability of the mutant strains.

Results:
The V3526 RdRp mutants exhibited less tissue tropism in the spleen and kidney than the wild-type V3526, while maintaining vaccine efficacy. Illumina sequencing indicated that the RdRp mutations reverted to wild-type V3526 after five passages in murine pup brains.

Conclusions:
The observed genotypic reversion is likely to be of limited concern, because wild-type V3526 remains an effective vaccine capable of providing protection. Our results indicate that the V3526 RdRp mutants may be a safer vaccine design than the original V3526.