bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Notch activity suppresses hyperglycemia-augmented polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype and alleviates acute pancreatitis
Authors: Hu Ning , Zhang Xiaoyi , Zhang Xuanzhe , Guan Yongjun , He Ruyuan , Xue Enfu , Zhang Xiaoyi , Deng Wenhong , Yu Jia , Wang Weixing , Shi Qiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disorder characterized by acinar cell death and inflammation. Multiple factors cause hyperglycemia after AP. Macrophage polarization is involved in tissue injury and repair, and is regulated by Notch signaling during certain inflammatory diseases. The present study explores the relationship among hyperglycemia, macrophage polarization, and Notch signaling during AP and the related mechanisms. A cerulein-induced AP model was established in FVB/N mice, and AP with hyperglycemia was initiated by injection of 50% concentration glucose. Tissue damage, Notch activity, and macrophage polarization were assessed in pancreatic tissues. The role of Notch signaling in macrophage polarization during AP was also assessed in vitro by co-culturing primary macrophages and pancreatic acinar cells, and establishing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model in RAW264.7 cells. Pancreatic acinar cells were damaged and proinflammatory factor levels were increased in pancreatic tissues during AP. The hyperglycemic conditions aggravated pancreatic injury, increased macrophage infiltration, promoted macrophage polarization towards an M1 phenotype, and led to excessive up-regulation of Notch activity. Inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT or Notch1 knockdown decreased the proportion of M1 macrophages and reduced the production of proinflammatory factors, thus mitigating pancreatic injury. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia induces excessive Notch signaling after AP and further aggravates AP by promoting pancreatic macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype. The Notch signaling pathway is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of AP.
Developing a Protocol for Quantitative Analysis of Liquid Swallowing in Children
Authors: Miles Anna , Dharmarathna Isuru , Fuller Laura , Jardine Marie , Allen Jacqui 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:Objective measures in videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSSs) can quantify swallow biomechanics. There are a wide array of validated measures studied in infants, children, and adults. There is a need for a pediatric VFSS protocol that consists of a small number of vital, time efficient, and clinically relevant measures. In this study, we aimed to establish a standard protocol for quantitative VFSS analysis in children.Method:Protocol development began with a systematic literature review, which identified 22 quantitative and eight descriptive measures available in the literature. A pediatric VFSS database of 553 children was collected using a standardized VFSS protocol. Studies were evaluated using the 30 previously reported measures covering displacement and timing parameters as well as penetration–aspiration and residue. Measures were tested for rater reliability and internal consistency. Measures meeting acceptable values for protocol inclusion were included in the final protocol (Cronbach's alpha > .53).Results:Interrater and intrarater reliability of 17 measures met acceptable reliability levels. During internal consistency testing, we removed six further measures based on Cronbach's alpha levels indicating that two or more measures were equivalent in measuring the same aspect of swallow biomechanics in children. A VFSS protocol of reliable, valid, and obtainable objective quantitative (n= 6) and descriptive measures (n= 3) with separate protocols for young infants (≤ 9 months) and older children was established.Conclusions:A standardized quantitative VFSS protocol for children has been developed to suit two age groups (≤ 9 and > 9 months old). Consistent VFSS administration and reporting support assessment over time and across disease groups. Future research should focus on how this information can be used by clinicians to produce individualized treatment plans for children with swallowing impairment.
Dual mechanical port power distribution in dual rotor permanent magnet flux switching generator for counter‐rotating wind turbine applications
Authors: Ullah Wasiq , Khan Faisal , Hussain Shahid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel dual mechanical port dual rotor counter‐rotating permanent magnet flux switching generator (DMPDRCR‐PMFSG) for wind turbine applications is proposed. Power distribution between the inner and outer rotors of the proposed DMPDRCR‐PMFSG that contributes to the cumulative output power is investigated. The proposed DMPDRCR‐PMFSG shares a stator connected back‐to‐back through flux bridge. The flux bridge physically isolates the armature winding of the inner and outer ports. Furthermore, the flux bridge provides a flux path to magnetic flux of the inner and outer ports that contributes to cumulative output power. Quantitative comparative analysis of the inner and outer ports illustrates that under static analysis 18.57% more flux, 23.95% highly induced back‐EMF, 31.08% of enhanced average torque are obtained in the outer rotor at the cost of 64.01% and 22.7% increase in cogging and torque ripple ratio, respectively. Comparative analysis with a number of turns reveals that the outer port offers 41.17% higher output power and 7.09% improved efficiency at the cost of 42.52% increase in voltage regulation factor. Finally, coupled overload and over‐speed analysis shows that despite a stable and low voltage drop ratio, the outer port offers 4.65% higher output voltage. Analysis shows that in the proposed DMPDRCR‐PMFSG, the outer port has a dominant contribution to the cumulative power distribution.
Modelling X-shaped radio galaxies: Dynamical and emission signatures from the Back-flow model
Authors: Giri Gourab , Vaidya Bhargav , Rossi Paola , Bodo Gianluigi , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Mignone Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Context. Active galactic nuclei typically show the presence of radio jets ranging from sub-kiloparsec to megaparsec scales. Some of these radio galaxies show distortion in their jets, forming tailed or winged sources. X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs) are a sub-class of winged sources, the formation mechanism of which is still unclear.
Aims. The focus of this work is to understand hydro-dynamical back-flows and their role in dynamics and non-thermal emission signatures (in the presence of radiative losses and diffusive shock acceleration) during the initial phase of these galaxies.
Methods. We performed relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations of an under-dense jet travelling in a tri-axial ambient using a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian framework to incorporate effects of micro-physical processes.
Results. We demonstrate the dominant role played by pressure gradient in shaping XRGs in thermally dominated cases. We show that the prominence of the formed structure decreases as the jet deviates from the major axis of the ambient. The wing evolution is mainly governed by re-energised particles due to shocks that keep the structure active during the evolution time. The synthetic intensity maps of the radio galaxy show similarities with morphologies that are typically found in observed XRGs. This includes the cases with wider wings than the active lobes. The characteristic emission signatures in terms of its synchrotron spectra and the implication of equipartition condition in age estimation are also discussed here. Additionally, we show that age discrepancies can be attributed to the mixing of different aged particle populations. Furthermore, the effect of the viewing angle on the difference of spectral index (Δα) of the active lobes and the wings shows a large variation and degenerate behaviour. We demonstrate the role of diffusive shocks in the obtained variation and conclude that the Δα spread is not a dependable characteristic in determining the formation model of XRGs.
How architectural principles can help conceptualize and analyze breakups among intergenerational households
Authors: Brandon Peter D. , George-Lucas Danielle , Ivashchenko Oleg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGuided by two architectural design principles, we investigated whether differences in the ways intergenerational households were structured could predict the odds of intergenerational households breaking apart. The two architectural design principles guiding our study were: (a) to classify structures, such as intergenerational households, according to a hierarchical ordering, in our case, a generational hierarchy, first, second, third, and so forth); and (b) to identify a central entity or focal point responsible for maintaining the structure, again for us, the focal generation responsible for a household. Applying both principles to a rich source of data that contained a large sample of intergenerational households, we found striking differences in odds of breakups by generational ordering, focal generation, and race. Whereas white three-generation households headed by grandparents were the most likely to break up, black skipped-generation households headed by grandparents were the least likely to break up.
The initial-value formulation of the λ-R model
Authors: Pires L. 
Published: March 2022

We apply the conformal method to solve the initial-value formulation of general relativity to the λ-R model, a minimal, anisotropic modification of general relativity with a preferred foliation and two local degrees of freedom. We obtain a modified Lichnerowicz–York equation for the conformal factor of the metric and derive its properties. We show that the behavior of the equation depends on the value of the coupling constant λ. In the absence of a cosmological constant, we recover the existence and uniqueness properties of the original equation when λ &gt; 1/3 and the trace of the momentum of the metric, π, is non-vanishing. For π = 0, we recover the original Lichnerowicz equation regardless of the value of λ and must therefore restrict the metric to the positive Yamabe class. The same restriction holds for λ &lt; 1/3, a case in which we show that if the norm of the transverse-traceless data is small enough, then there are two solutions. Taking the equations of motion into account, this allows us to prove that there is, in general, no way of matching both constraint-solving data and time evolution of phase-space variables between the λ-R model and general relativity, thereby proving the non-equivalence between the theories outside of the previously known cases λ = 1 and π = 0 and of the limiting case of λ → ∞, with a finite π, which we show to yield geometries corresponding to those of general relativity in the maximal slicing gauge.
Interplay of vitrification and ice formation in a cryoprotectant aqueous solution at low temperature
Authors: Alba-Simionesco Christiane , Judeinstein Patrick , Longeville Stéphane , Osta Oriana , Porcher Florence , Caupin Frédéric , Tarjus Gilles 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Studying water crystallization at low temperature and the lower limit of ice formation is crucial both for a fundamental understanding of water and for practical reasons such as cryopreservation. By taking advantage of the polarized neutron scattering technique and by considering a nanosegregated water–glycerol solution, we are able to characterize the key parameters of ice formation at temperatures near and below the calorimetric glass transition of the solution and provide a general rule for estimating the lower temperature limit of water crystallization in a broad range of aqueous solutions. We also show that nanosegregated water in the glassy solution at low temperature is not in a high-density form but in a low-density one.
Triglyceride breakdown from lipid droplets regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: van Dierendonck Xanthe A. M. H. , Vrieling Frank , Smeehuijzen Lisa , Deng Lei , Boogaard Joline P. , Croes Cresci-Anne , Temmerman Lieve , Wetzels Suzan , Biessen Erik , Kersten Sander , Stienstra Rinke 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that play important roles in cellular energy homeostasis, tightly regulating the accumulation and release of lipids. In macrophages, lipids accumulate in LDs during inflammation. However, it is unclear how inflammatory activation promotes the accumulation of lipids in LDs, and how the dynamic between lipid accumulation and breakdown could drive or inhibit inflammation. Elucidating the role of lipid accumulation during inflammation may provide important knowledge to influence inflammatory processes during health and disease. We identify the importance of the hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet–associated protein and the intracellular adipose triglyceride lipase in the regulation of lipid accumulation and breakdown in inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, we determine the regulatory effect of lipid breakdown from LDs in supporting inflammation.
Bending-torsional elasticity and energetics of the plus-end microtubule tip
Authors: Igaev Maxim , Grubmüller Helmut 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The mechanochemical basis of microtubule growth, which is essential for the normal function and division of eukaryotic cells, has remained elusive and controversial, despite extensive work. In particular, recent findings have created the paradox that the microtubule plus-end tips look very similar during both growing and shrinking phases, thereby challenging the traditional textbook picture. Our large-scale atomistic simulations resolve this paradox and explain microtubule growth and shrinkage dynamics as a process governed by energy barriers between protofilament conformations, the heights of which are in turn fine-tuned by different nucleotide states, thus implementing an information-driven Brownian ratchet.
Morphological processing is gradient not discrete in L1 and L2 English masked priming
Authors: Lõo Kaidi , Toth Abigail , Karaca Figen , Järvikivi Juhani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent years, evidence has emerged that readers may have access to the meaning of complex words even in the
early stages of processing, suggesting that phenomena previously attributed to morphological decomposition may actually emerge
from an interplay between formal and semantic effects. The present study adds to this line of work by deploying a forward masked
priming experiment with both L1 (Experiment 1) and L2 (Experiment 2) speakers of English. Following recent research trends, we
view morphological processing as a gradient process emerging over time. In order to model this, we used a large within-item
stimulus design combined with advanced statistical methods such as generalised mixed models (GAMM) and quantile regression (QGAM).
L1 GAMM analyses only showed priming for true morpho-semantic relations (the identity ‘bull’, inflected ‘bulls’ and derived
conditions ‘bullish’), with no priming observed in the case of other relations (the pseudo-complex ‘bully’ or the stem-embedded
‘bullet’ conditions). Furthermore, with respect to the time-course of effects, we found significant differences between conditions
were present from very early on as revealed by the QGAM analyses. In contrast, L2 speakers showed significant facilitation across
all five conditions compared to the baseline condition, including the stem-embedded condition, suggesting early L2 processing is
only dependant on the form.
Flame kernel development with radiofrequency oscillating plasma ignition
Authors: Yu Xiao , Wang Linyan , Yu Shui , Wang Meiping , Zheng Ming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper a radiofrequency oscillating plasma discharge is investigated under various initial pressures up to 5 atm in a constant-volume combustion chamber. The oscillating plasma is suppressed by elevated pressure, both in length and branch number. The ignition performance under elevated background pressure is investigated, and the results are compared with spark events with a similar ignition energy. Under ambient conditions, the oscillating plasma discharge generates multiple streamers that are much longer than a spark gap, resulting in a much bigger initial flame kernel. Under elevated background pressures, fewer streamers with much smaller sizes are observed, thus the advantage of an oscillating plasma discharge over a spark discharge is compromised. Prolonged duration of an oscillating plasma discharge consistently demonstrates a positive impact on flame propagation speed, but neither prolonged duration nor enhanced discharge current has a noticeable impact on flame kernel growth for the spark ignition cases. Both oscillating plasma and spark are used to treat non-combustible propane–air mixtures under background pressures from 1 to 5 atm.
Observation of low temperature VUV tungsten emission in JET divertor plasmas
Authors: Lawson K D , Pawelec E , Coffey I H , Groth M , Litherland-Smith E , Meigs A G , Scully S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The properties of tungsten make it ideal for use as a plasma facing surface in the divertor of large plasma machines such as JET and ITER. However, the intense heat and particle fluxes that fall on the divertor surfaces lead to its release from these surfaces into the plasma and it is necessary to model its transport from the divertor and plasma edge into the plasma core. This requires measurement of spectral features over a wide temperature range. In large machines the W influx is often determined from W I line intensities, there being few measurements of discrete W lines from other low ionization stages. Their observation is highly desirable because the transport of neutral W differs markedly from that of the W ions. A change in the line-of-sight of a VUV survey spectrometer on JET to view directly into the divertor has led to the observation of numerous discrete low temperature W lines in the VUV spectral region. The spectrum of an intense influx in which W IV to W VIII features are observed has been analysed in order to provide spectral classifications so that these lines can be used for diagnostic purposes. The first observation of a VUV low temperature W magnetic dipole (M1) transition is reported for the W VIII ionization stage. The analysis shows where further line identifications are needed and that the provision of the highest quality atomic data for these ionization stages is desirable. W VI and W VII line intensity measurements are used to illustrate their use in determining the electron temperature of the emitting plasma region and the W concentration. Dependences of the W line intensities on plasma parameters shows the optimal conditions for the W release and suggests the site of its release.
Energy eigenvalue spectra and applications of the sextic and the Coulomb perturbed potentials
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Bhardwaj S B , Mehar Singh Ram , Chand Fakir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Keeping in view the importance of the anharmonic potentials, closed-form solutions to the N-dimensional Schrödinger equation, for the Coulomb perturbed and the sextic potentials using the Nikiforov-Uvarov functional analysis and power series methods respectively, are investigated. Complete energy spectrum is obtained for both the potentials by invoking some restrictions on wave function parameters of the sextic potential and the Greene-Aldrich approximation for centrifugal term of the Coulomb perturbed potential. A relationship between energy eigenvalues of the two potentials is verified in higher dimensions. This study is further extended to find physical applications of both the potentials. The energy eigenvalues of the Coulomb perturbed potential are used to compute the mass spectra of five mesons viz

c

c

¯

,

b

b

¯

,

b

c

¯

,

c

s

¯

and

c

q

¯

(where q = u, d). Within the framework of the sextic potential, Zr and Sn isotopic chains are analyzed and 96
Zr and

112

Sn

isotopes have been identified as critical point nuclei. The results of this study are consistent with others similar studies.
Lyman-α constraints on freeze-in and superWIMPs
Authors: Decant Quentin , Heisig Jan , Hooper Deanna C. , Lopez-Honorez Laura 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dark matter (DM) from freeze-in or superWIMP production is well known to imprint non-cold DM signatures on cosmological observables. We derive constraints from Lyman-α forest observations for both cases, basing ourselves on a reinterpretation of the existing Lyman-α limits on thermal warm DM. We exclude DM masses below 15 keV for freeze-in, in good agreement with previous literature, and provide a generic lower mass bound for superWIMPs that depends on the mother particle decay width. Special emphasis is placed on the mixed scenario, where contributions from both freeze-in and superWIMP are similarly important. In this case, the imprint on cosmological observables can deviate significantly from thermal warm DM. Furthermore, we provide a modified version of the Boltzmann code class, analytic expressions for the DM distributions, and fits to the DM transfer functions that account for both mechanisms of production. Moreover, we also derive generic constraints from ΔN
eff measurements and show that they cannot compete with those arising from Lyman-α observations. For illustration, we apply the above generic limits to a coloured t-channel mediator DM model, in which case contributions from both freeze-in through scatterings and decays, as well as superWIMP production can be important. We map out the entire cosmologically viable parameter space, cornered by bounds from Lyman-α observations, the LHC, and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Misinterpreting modified gravity as dark energy: a quantitative study
Authors: Wen Yuewei , Nesbit Eva , Huterer Dragan , Watson Scott 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Standard cosmological data analyses typically constrain simple phenomenological dark-energy parameters, for example the present-day value of the equation of state parameter, w
0, and its variation with scale factor, w
a. However, results from such an analysis cannot easily indicate the presence of modified gravity. Even if general relativity does not hold, experimental data could still be fit sufficiently well by a phenomenological w
0
w
aCDM, unmodified-gravity model. Hence, it would be very useful to know if there are generic signatures of modified gravity in standard analyses. Here we present, for the first time to our knowledge, a quantitative mapping showing how modified gravity models look when (mis)interpreted within the standard unmodified-gravity analysis. Scanning through a broad space of modified-gravity (Horndeski) models, and assuming a near-future survey consisting of CMB, BAO, and SNIa observations, we report values of the best-fit set of cosmological parameters including (w
0, w
a) that would be inferred if modified gravity were at work. We find that modified gravity models that can masquerade as standard gravity lead to very specific biases in standard-parameter spaces. We also comment on implications for measurements of the amplitude of mass fluctuations described by the parameter S
8.
Effect of the phase switching of the optical FID in magnetic field
Authors: Chesnokov E N , Kubarev V V , Koshlyakov P V , Gorbachev Ya I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work demonstrates the possibility of switching the phase of optical free induction decay (FID) in time-domain experiments. This possibility arises in experiments with paramagnetic molecules (free radicals) in a magnetic field. Changing the direction of the magnetic field alters the direction of rotation of the FID polarization plane and inverts the phase of one of the components of FID. This effect will be useful for heterodyne detection of the optical FID of the free radicals in the terahertz region.