bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the slow light in a 2D heterostructure photonic crystal composed of circular rods and holes in the square lattices
Authors: Zeinalvand Farzin Behnam , Seyedein Ardebili S Bahareh , Kim Jong Su , Kang Tae In 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This theoretical work proposed a two-dimensional heterostructure of photonic crystal and investigated it for slow light applications. The structure includes two photonic crystals: circular Ge rods in the air background and circular holes in the Ge background. It is assumed that both of the crystals have square lattices. The band structures of the individual photonic crystals were studied to choose appropriate rod and hole radii to achieve common photonic band gaps. The effect of the possible combinations of the rod and hole radii was investigated on the group indices, bandwidths, and group index-bandwidth products. The optimum rod and hole radii were achieved. Moreover, the effect of displacements of the rods relative to the hole cylinders was studied, and the optimum displacement was calculated to achieve a high group index-bandwidth product value.
Carbon monoxide gas sensor based on Co/Ni-MOF-74 coated no-core-fiber Michelson interferometer
Authors: Zhou Juncheng , Huang Xinyue , Feng Wenlin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A Michelson interferometric carbon monoxide (CO) fiber-optic sensor based on Co/Ni-MOF-74 is proposed and fabricated. The bimetallic-ion-coordination MOFs material Co/Ni-MOF-74 was prepared by solvothermal method. Through XRD and XPS characterizations, the results show that Co/Ni-MOF-74 and Ni-MOF-74 have the same crystal structure. Co/Ni-MOF-74 has a good adsorption effect on CO, and it is integrated into the optical fiber sensing structure for CO detection. In the CO concentration range of 0–35 ppm, the sensitivity and linearity are 0.022 35 dB/ppm and 0.999 36, respectively. The detection limit of the sensor is about 1.990 46 ppm. The presented fiber-optic sensor has excellent selectivity, resistance to temperature interference and good time stability, and it is expected to be applied to the detection of trace CO.
Direct ink write 3D printing of wave propagation sensor
Authors: Hassan Md Sahid , Zaman Saqlain , Rodriguez Aaron , Molina Laura , Dominguez Cesar Enrique , Morgan Robert , Bernardin John , Lin Yirong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability to detect impact waves and their propagation across materials is the key to structural health monitoring and defect detection of materials. To detect impact waves from a certain type of structures, it is important for a sensor to be highly flexible and complex in shape. Direct ink write (DIW) allows for the manufacturing of complex sensors. This article presents the fabrication of a flexible impact wave propagation sensor (IWPS) through the DIW technique. The dispersion of a ferroelectric ceramic material barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BTO) in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), not only enhances the flexibility of the 3D (three-dimensional) printed sensor but also ensures the uniform piezoelectric response throughout the whole sensor. This research explored the impact load generated impact wave in the flexible sensor and sensing response. The capability of DIW for multi-material printing was utilized to print multi-walled carbon nanotube based electrodes on BTO/PDMS stretchable composites. A total of 50 wt% of BTO in the PDMS matrix resulted in a piezoelectric coefficient of 20 pC N−1 after contact poling of IWPS. Upon applying impact loading at the center of the sensor, an impact wave was generated which gradually diminished with the distance from the origin of the applied impact load. The impact wave propagation was quantitatively characterized by measuring output voltage from different nodes of IWPS. Additionally, from the voltage response time difference at different locations of the sensor, the particle-wave velocity of a certain material attached to IWPS was determined in this research. Using the custom-designed IWPS, it was found that the particle-wave velocity of stainless steel and low-density polyethylene were 5625 m s−1 and 2000 m s−1 respectively, which are consistent with their theoretical values.
Binary operations on neuromorphic hardware with application to linear algebraic operations and stochastic equations
Authors: Iaroshenko Oleksandr , Sornborger Andrew T , Chavez Arana Diego 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Non-von Neumann computational hardware, based on neuron-inspired, non-linear elements connected via linear, weighted synapses—so-called neuromorphic systems—is a viable computational substrate. Since neuromorphic systems have been shown to use less power than CPUs for many applications, they are of potential use in autonomous systems such as robots, drones, and satellites, for which power resources are at a premium. The power used by neuromorphic systems is approximately proportional to the number of spiking events produced by neurons on-chip. However, typical information encoding on these chips is in the form of firing rates that unarily encode information. That is, the number of spikes generated by a neuron is meant to be proportional to an encoded value used in a computation or algorithm. Unary encoding is less efficient (produces more spikes) than binary encoding. For this reason, here we present neuromorphic computational mechanisms for implementing binary two’s complement operations. We use the mechanisms to construct a neuromorphic, binary matrix multiplication algorithm that may be used as a primitive for linear differential equation integration, deep networks, and other standard calculations. We also construct a random walk circuit and apply it in Brownian motion simulations. We study how both algorithms scale in circuit size and iteration time.
Air quality and health co-benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions by 2030: an interdisciplinary modeling study in Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Limaye Vijay S , Magal Akhilesh , Joshi Jaykumar , Maji Sujit , Dutta Priya , Rajput Prashant , Pingle Shyam , Madan Prima , Mukerjee Polash , Bano Shahana , Beig Gufran , Mavalankar Dileep , Jaiswal Anjali , Knowlton Kim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Climate change-driven temperature increases worsen air quality in places where coal combustion powers electricity for air conditioning. Climate solutions that substitute clean and renewable energy in place of polluting coal and promote adaptation to warming through reflective cool roofs can reduce cooling energy demand in buildings, lower power sector carbon emissions, and improve air quality and health. We investigate the air quality and health co-benefits of climate solutions in Ahmedabad, India—a city where air pollution levels exceed national health-based standards—through an interdisciplinary modeling approach. Using a 2018 baseline, we quantify changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and all-cause mortality in 2030 from increasing renewable energy use (mitigation) and expanding Ahmedabad’s cool roofs heat resilience program (adaptation). We apply local demographic and health data and compare a 2030 mitigation and adaptation (M&A) scenario to a 2030 business-as-usual (BAU) scenario (without climate change response actions), each relative to 2018 pollution levels. We estimate that the 2030 BAU scenario results in an increase of PM2.5 air pollution of 4.13 µg m−3 from 2018 compared to a 0.11 µg m−3 decline from 2018 under the 2030 M&A scenario. Reduced PM2.5 air pollution under 2030 M&A results in 1216–1414 fewer premature all-cause deaths annually compared to 2030 BAU. Achievement of National Clean Air Programme, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, or World Health Organization annual PM2.5 Air Quality Guideline targets in 2030 results in up to 6510, 9047, or 17 369 fewer annual deaths, respectively, relative to 2030 BAU. This comprehensive modeling method is adaptable to estimate local air quality and health co-benefits in other settings by integrating climate, energy, cooling, land cover, air pollution, and health data. Our findings demonstrate that city-level climate change response policies can achieve substantial air quality and health co-benefits. Such work can inform public discourse on the near-term health benefits of mitigation and adaptation.
Symmetry-enforced two-dimensional Dirac node-line semimetals
Authors: Guo Peng-Jie , Peng Chen , Liu Zheng-Xin , Liu Kai , Lu Zhong-Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on symmetry analysis and lattice model calculations, we demonstrate that Dirac nodal line (DNL) can stably exist in two-dimensional (2D) nonmagnetic as well as antiferromagnetic systems. We focus on the situations where the DNLs are enforced by certain symmetries and the degeneracies on the DNLs are inevitable even if spin–orbit coupling is strong. After thorough analysis, we find that five space groups, namely 51, 54, 55, 57 and 127, can enforce the DNLs in 2D nonmagnetic semimetals, and four type-III magnetic space groups (51.293, 54.341, 55.355, 57.380) plus eight type-IV magnetic space groups (51.299, 51.300, 51.302, 54.348, 55.360, 55.361, 57.387 and 127.396) can enforce the DNLs in 2D antiferromagnetic semimetals. By breaking these symmetries, the different 2D topological phases can be obtained. Furthermore, by the first-principles electronic structure calculations, we predict that monolayer YB4C4 is a good material platform for studying the exotic properties of 2D symmetry-enforced Dirac node-line semimetals.
Comprehensive visualization of cell–cell interactions in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with NICHES
Authors: Raredon Micha Sam Brickman , Yang Junchen , Kothapalli Neeharika , Lewis Wesley , Kaminski Naftali , Niklason Laura E , Kluger Yuval 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Recent years have seen the release of several toolsets that reveal cell–cell interactions from single-cell data. However, all existing approaches leverage mean celltype gene expression values, and do not preserve the single-cell fidelity of the original data. Here, we present NICHES (Niche Interactions and Communication Heterogeneity in Extracellular Signaling), a tool to explore extracellular signaling at the truly single-cell level.

Results
NICHES allows embedding of ligand–receptor signal proxies to visualize heterogeneous signaling archetypes within cell clusters, between cell clusters and across experimental conditions. When applied to spatial transcriptomic data, NICHES can be used to reflect local cellular microenvironment. NICHES can operate with any list of ligand–receptor signaling mechanisms, is compatible with existing single-cell packages, and allows rapid, flexible analysis of cell–cell signaling at single-cell resolution.

Availability and implementation
NICHES is an open-source software implemented in R under academic free license v3.0 and it is available at http://github.com/msraredon/NICHES. Use-case vignettes are available at https://msraredon.github.io/NICHES/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phenotypic plasticity in the monoclonal marbled crayfish is associated with very low genetic diversity but pronounced epigenetic diversity
Authors: Vogt Günter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClonal organisms are particularly useful to investigate the contribution of epigenetics to phenotypic plasticity, because confounding effects of genetic variation are negligible. In the last decade, the apomictic parthenogenetic marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis, has been developed as a model to investigate the relationships between phenotypic plasticity and genetic and epigenetic diversity in detail. This crayfish originated about 30 years ago by autotriploidy from a single slough crayfish Procambarus fallax. As the result of human releases and active spreading, marbled crayfish has established numerous populations in very diverse habitats in 22 countries from the tropics to cold temperate regions. Studies in the laboratory and field revealed considerable plasticity in coloration, spination, morphometric parameters, growth, food preference, population structure, trophic position, and niche width. Illumina and PacBio whole-genome sequencing of marbled crayfish from representatives of 19 populations in Europe and Madagascar demonstrated extremely low genetic diversity within and among populations, indicating that the observed phenotypic diversity and ability to live in strikingly different environments are not due to adaptation by selection on genetic variation. In contrast, considerable differences were found between populations in the DNA methylation patterns of hundreds of genes, suggesting that the environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms and corresponding changes in gene expression. Specific DNA methylation fingerprints persisted in local populations over successive years indicating the existence of epigenetic ecotypes, but there is presently no information as to whether these epigenetic signatures are transgenerationally inherited or established anew in each generation and whether the recorded phenotypic plasticity is adaptive or nonadaptive.
Late outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by pharmaco-invasive or primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Jamal Javeria , Idris Hanan , Faour Amir , Yang Wesley , McLean Alison , Burgess Sonya , Shugman Ibrahim , Wales Kathryn , O’Loughlin Aiden , Leung Dominic , Mussap Christian Julian , Juergens Craig Phillip , Lo Sidney , French John Kerswell 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Pharmaco-invasive percutaneous coronary intervention (PI-PCI) is recommended for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)who are unable to undergo timely primary PCI (pPCI). The present study examined late outcomes after PI-PCI (successful reperfusion followed by scheduled PCI or failed reperfusion and rescue PCI)compared with timely and late pPCI (&gt;120 min from first medical contact).

Methods and results
All patients with STEMI presenting within 12 h of symptom onset, who underwent PCI during their initial hospitalization at Liverpool Hospital (Sydney), from October 2003 to March 2014, were included. Amongst 2091 STEMI patients (80% male), 1077 (52%)underwent pPCI (68% timely, 32% late), and 1014 (48%)received PI-PCI (33% rescue, 67% scheduled). Mortality at 3 years was 11.1% after pPCI (6.7% timely, 20.2% late) and 6.2% after PI-PCI (9.4% rescue, 4.8% scheduled); P &lt; 0.01. After propensity matching, the adjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR) for timely pPCI compared with scheduled PCI was 0.9 (95% CIs 0.4–2.0) and compared with rescue PCI was 0.5 (95% CIs 0.2–0.9). The adjusted mortality HR for late pPCI, compared with scheduled PCI was 2.2 (95% CIs 1.2–3.1)and compared with rescue PCI, it was 1.5 (95% CIs 0.7–2.0).

Conclusion
Patients who underwent late pPCI had higher mortality rates than those undergoing a pharmaco-invasive strategy. Despite rescue PCI being required in a third of patients, a pharmaco-invasive approach should be considered when delays to PCI are anticipated, as it achieves better outcomes than late pPCI.
Transfemoral aortic valve implantation: procedural hospital volume and mortality in Germany
Authors: Bestehorn Kurt , Bestehorn Maike , Zahn Ralf , Perings Christian , Stellbrink Christoph , Schächinger Volker 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsStudies assessing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI) showed lower rates of in-hospital mortality at high-volume hospitals and minimum caseloads were recommended to assure quality standards.Methods and resultsAll patients in the German mandatory quality assurance registry with elective or urgent TF-TAVI procedures in 2018 and 2019 at 81 and 82 hospitals, respectively, were analysed. Observed in-hospital mortality was adjusted to expected mortality by the German AKL-KATH score (O/E) as well as by the EuroScore II (O/E2). Hospital volume and O/E were correlated by regression analyses and volume quartiles. 18 763 patients (age: 81.1 ± 1.0 years, mean EuroSCORE II: 6.9 ± 1.8%) and 22 137 patients (mean age: 80.7 ± 3.5 years, mean EuroSCORE II: 6.5 ± 1.6%) were analysed in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The average observed in-hospital mortality was 2.57 ± 1.83% and 2.36 ± 1.60%, respectively. Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly inversely related to hospital volume by linear regression in both years. After risk adjustment, the association between hospital volume and O/E was statistically significant in 2019 (R2 = 0.049; P = 0.046), but not in 2018 (R2 = 0.027; P = 0.14). The variance of O/E explained by the number of cases in 2019 was low (4.9%). Differences in O/E outcome between the first and the fourth quartile were not statistically significant in both years (1.10 ± 1.02 vs. 0.82 ± 0.46; P = 0.26 in 2018; 1.16 0 .97 vs. 0.74 ± 0.39; P = 0.084 in 2019). Any chosen volume cut-off could not precisely differentiate between hospitals with not acceptable quality (&gt;95th percentile O/E of all hospitals) and those with acceptable (O/E ≤95th percentile) or above-average (O/E &lt; 1) quality. For example, in 2019 a cut-off value of 150 would only exclude one of two hospitals with not acceptable quality, while 20 hospitals with acceptable or above-average quality (25% of all hospitals) would be excluded.ConclusionThe association between hospital volume and in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing elective TF-TAVI in Germany in 2018 and 2019 was weak and not consistent throughout various analytical approaches, indicating no clinical relevance of hospital volume for the outcome. However, these data were derived from a healthcare system with restricted access to hospitals to perform TAVI and overall high TAVI volumes. Instead of the unprecise surrogate hospital volume, the quality of hospitals performing TF-TAVI should be directly assessed by real achieved risk-adjusted mortality.
Versatile Lactococcus lactis strains improve texture in both fermented milk and soybean matrices
Authors: Poulsen Vera Kuzina , Moghadam Elahe Ghanei , Kračun Stjepan Krešimir , Svendsen Birgit Albrecht , Nielsen Wioleta Marta , Oregaard Gunnar , Krarup Anders 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been used to extend the shelf life and improve the taste and texture of fermented milk. In this study, we investigated the texturing potential of LAB in plant-based fermentation by high-throughput screening of 1232 Lactococcus lactis strains for texture in milk and liquid soybean matrices. We found that most strains with texturing abilities in fermented milk were also capable of enhancing the texture in fermented soybean, despite the large differences in composition of the two matrices. Exocellular polysaccharide production is believed to contribute positively to fermented milk and plant-base texture. It appeared as if it was the properties of the polysaccharides rather than their protein interaction partners that were responsible for the enhanced texture in both matrices. We mined whole genome sequences of texturing strains for polysaccharide biosynthesis (eps) gene clusters. The comparative genomics approach revealed 10 texturing strains with novel eps gene clusters. Currently, the relationship between the novel genes and their functionality in milk and plant matrices is unknown.
Multiflavour SMBH seeding and evolution in cosmological environments
Authors: Spinoso D , Bonoli S , Valiante R , Schneider R , Izquierdo-Villalba D 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the genesis and evolution of supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds through different formation channels, from PopIII remnants to massive seeds, modelled within the L-Galaxies semi-analytic code. We run the model on the Millennium-II simulation (MR-II) merger trees, as their halo-mass resolution ($M_{\rm vir,res} \sim 10^7\, \mathrm{M}_\odot \, h^{-1}$) allows to study in a cosmological volume ($L_{\rm box}=100\, \mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$) the evolution of atomic-cooling haloes ($T_{\rm vir} \gtrsim 10^4\, \mathrm{K}$) where intermediate-mass and heavy seeds are expected to form. We track the formation of these seeds according to spatial variations of the chemical and radiative feedback of star formation. Not being able to resolve the first mini-haloes ($T_{\rm vir} \sim 10^3\, \mathrm{K}$), we inherit evolved PopIII remnants in a sub-grid fashion, using the results of the GQd model. We also include the formation of heavy seeds in gas-rich massive mergers, which are very rare in the MR-II volume. The descendants of light seeds numerically prevail among our SMBHs population at all masses and z. Heavier seeds form in dense environments where close neighbours provide the required UV illumination. Overall, our model produces a z = 0 SMBHs population whose statistical properties meet current constraints. We find that the BH occupation fraction highly depends on the seeding efficiency and that the scaling relation between BH and stellar mass, in the dwarf-mass regime, is flatter than in the high-mass range. Finally, a fraction of BHs hosted in local dwarf galaxies never grow since they form at z &gt; 6.
How close dark matter haloes and MOND are to each other: three-dimensional tests based on Gaia DR2
Authors: Zhu Yongda , Ma Hai-Xia , Dong Xiao-Bo , Huang Yang , Mistele Tobias , Peng Bo , Long Qian , Wang Tianqi , Chang Liang , Jin Xi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Aiming at discriminating different gravitational potential models of the Milky Way, we perform tests based on the kinematic data powered by the Gaia DR2 astrometry over a large range of (R, z) locations. Invoking the complete form of Jeans equations that admit three integrals of motion, we use the independent R- and z-directional equations as two discriminators (TR and Tz). We apply the formula for spatial distributions of radial and vertical velocity dispersions proposed by Binney et al., and successfully extend it to azimuthal components, σθ(R, z) and Vθ(R, z); the analytic form avoids the numerical artifacts caused by numerical differentiation in Jeans-equations calculation given the limited spatial resolutions of observations, and more importantly reduces the impact of kinematic substructures in the Galactic disc. It turns out that whereas the current kinematic data are able to reject Moffat’s Modified Gravity (let alone the Newtonian baryon-only model), Milgrom’s MOND is still not rejected. In fact, both the carefully calibrated fiducial model invoking a spherical dark matter (DM) halo and MOND are equally consistent with the data at almost all spatial locations (except that probably both have respective problems at low-|z| locations), no matter which tracer population or which meaningful density profile is used. Since there is no free parameter at all in the quasi-linear MOND model we use, and the baryonic parameters are actually fine-tuned in the DM context, such an effective equivalence is surprising, and might be calling forth a transcending synthesis of the two paradigms.