bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
21ST-CENTURY LEARNING: UNDERSTANDING THE LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES WITH TECHNOLOGY LITERACY AMONG L2 LEARNERS
Authors: Ali Zuraina 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: The study concerns investigating the learning of English in the 21st-century when digital learning platforms were used in assigning writing activities to students. Specifically, the use of the media was related to the Language Learning Strategies (LLS), namely metacognitive, cognitive, and social strategies classified by O'Malley et al. (1985) with the learning in the 21st-century.

Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research design to collect responses from 72 engineering students studying at a technical university on the East Coast of Malaysia. An open-ended questionnaire was used to collect the responses from the participants and was validated by the researcher's colleague. Reliability was also taken care of in that verbatim reporting was observed in writing the current study's findings. Data were analysed using codes and themes formulated before they were reported.

Findings: The study found that students used metacognitive strategies to check their language in the writing tasks. It was evident that Grammarly, Quillbot, and Google translate, to name a few, were used to check their writing. It was also reported that they linked new information to visual concepts in terms of cognitive strategies. Specifically, they used deduction methods to ensure they understood the sentences they composed. For social strategy, digital platforms, namely WhatsApp, Google Meet, and Discord, were among the common platforms used by the students. The study confirmed that the students demonstrated strong technology literacy as they could use multi-digital platforms to complete the writing tasks.

Contributions: The study identifies the LLS employed by English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in 21st-century-learning. Also, it contributes to providing techniques that English practitioners can use in their writing classes.

Keywords: 21st-century learning, Language Learning Strategies (LLS), technology literacy.

Cite as: Ali, Z. (2022). 21st-century learning: Understanding the language learning strategies with technology literacy among L2 learners. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 202-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp202-220
A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF BE-COPULA IN NATIVE SPEAKER AND NON-NATIVE SPEAKER LEARNERS’ ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS
Authors: Abdul Aziz Roslina , Abas Nadhratunnaim , Yusob Khairul Firhan 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: There is little research on the use of BE-copula in learner compositions in terms of how BE is used, and what functions it performs at specific stages of composition. This study aims to investigate the functions of BE-copula in argumentative essays written by non-native speaker (NS) and native speaker (NNS) learners and determine the similarities and differences in the way the learners use BE­-copula in their essays.

Methodology: This descriptive study employed a corpus-based methodology with the corpus data obtained from the Malaysian Corpus of Learner English (MACLE) and Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS). Only data from L1-Malay learners, which were extracted from MACLE, and which form a sub-corpus of L1-Malay learner argumentative essays, were analyzed in the study. Adopting Hyland’s three-stage structure of an argumentative essay as the framework for analysis, data were analyzed for the distribution of BE-copula and the functions it performed in the learner essays.

Findings: Results from the quantitative analysis revealed a similar pattern in the use of BE-copula between NNS and NS learners, with both groups showing an inclination towards the present forms (is, are) and BE-copula construction. A t-test analysis revealed a more significant use of BE-copula in terms of both forms and functions by the NS learners. The qualitative analysis revealed that even though the NNS learners exhibited almost similar composing elements as the NS counterparts, their texts were stylistically simple, more constrained, less fluent, and effective due to limited syntactic variety.
Contributions: The empirical findings from the in depth quantitative and qualitative analyses have enabled more insightful conclusions to be drawn about the NNS learners’ use of BE-copula in their writing. The present study has direct pedagogical implications for the teaching of academic writing in the ESL context.

Keywords: Argumentative essay, academic writing, be-copula, corpus-based, learner corpus research.

Cite as: Abdul Aziz, R., Abas, N., & Yusob, K. F. (2022). A corpus-based study of be-copula in native speaker and non-native speaker learners’ argumentative essays. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 21-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp21-43
ONLINE LEARNING READINESS AND SATISFACTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN FOUR ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Yan-Li Siaw , Jiang Na , Pamanee Kanit , Sriyanto Joko 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Online learning has become a new norm to higher education institutions in the developing countries since COVID-19 pandemic. An overnight shift from conventional physical learning to online learning in this pandemic moment has posed a major challenge to most of the educational institutions. Student’s readiness and satisfaction towards online learning activities are important to ensure the effectiveness of this new learning method. Therefore, this study aims to examine the online learning readiness and satisfaction among the university students from four Asian countries during COVID-19 pandemic. The domains of the examinations included student learning preference, self- direction, self-efficacy, and hardware-soft skill support.

Methodology: This survey research employed a quantitative approach to gather data. The sample respondents were 1,195 university students from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China, selected using a simple random sampling method. Online questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, comprising 37 items including demographic profiles, satisfaction, and online learning readiness assessment. The survey responses were analysed descriptively and inferentially using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.

Findings: Results showed that 74.7% of the participants had a middle level of online learning readiness, and only 20.1% had high online learning readiness. The levels of online learning readiness varied among the participating countries. The participants lacked online learning preference, as shown in the lower mean scores compared to the means of self-direction, self-efficacy, and hardware-soft skill supports. For satisfaction, students reflected that online course required improvement, as observed in only 31% satisfaction with the online learning courses provided. The results also revealed that there was a significant positive correlation (r=.383) between online learning readiness and students’ satisfaction.

Contributions: This study provides preliminary insights into the preparedness of online learning in higher educational institutions in the Asian countries. It implies a potential disruptive impact on the educational system during the pandemic. Such perspectives are crucial for educators to understand students’ readiness and perceptions as a means of providing more effective online courses.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, online learning readiness, higher education, satisfaction.

Cite as: Yan-Li, S., Na, J., Pamanee, K., & Sriyanto, J. (2022). Online learning readiness and satisfaction during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in four Asian countries. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 245-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp245-269
A MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPED FOR SCAFFOLDING ESL LEARNERS IN PROVIDING PEER FEEDBACK
Authors: Nguoi Chui Lam Catherine , Habil Hadina , Min Hui Siew 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Peer feedback has received significant research attention in teaching and learning of oral presentation skills. However, literature reveals a number of challenges concerning students’ provision of peer feedback. A mobile application was thus developed to scaffold students in this context. This study purports to evaluate the efficacy of the developed application by introducing it to the target users in an actual classroom setting.

Methodology: Thirty-three (33) ESL learners from one of the polytechnics in Malaysia were involved in this descriptive study. Both the peer feedback records (pre- and post-) were analyzed for the differences in peer feedback before and after the implementation of mobile application. A 20-item questionnaire was later administered to the target group to examine their perceptions on the developed application.

Findings: It was revealed that with the use of the newly developed application, students generally constructed more peer feedback with specific suggestions to improve oral presentation. Positive perceptions regarding the presentation, visual design, navigation and mobile app accessibility were also found.
Contributions: This study adds to the limited research on the use of mobile-assisted peer feedback, which can be a practical way to develop ESL learners’ oral presentation skills. The findings offer insights into how a mobile application can help scaffold students in peer feedback provision and could help inform that scaffolding is deemed necessary in building an effective classroom culture of feedback. The outcome could serve as a guide for instructors who wish to contemplate using similar approach.

Keywords: ESL learners, mobile application, oral presentation, peer feedback, scaffolding.

Cite as: Nguoi, C. C. L., Habil, H., & Siew, M. H. (2022). A mobile application developed for scaffolding ESL learners in providing peer feedback. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 291-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp291-313
STEM STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES AND UNDERLYING FACTORS PERTAINING TO OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Ahmad Ghulamuddin Nurul Jannah , Tengku Sharif Tengku Intan Suzila , Abd Rahman Zainurin 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: The COVID19 pandemic challenges on learning necessitate the understanding of students’ Language Learning Strategies (LLS). Studies on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students’ English LLS is scarce. The objectives of the study are to examine the LLS employed by STEM students learning English as a second language (ESL) in a public university (PU) in Malaysia and to investigate the LLS underlying factors pertaining to the open distance learning (ODL).

Methodology: This study was designed as survey research, employing the quantitative approach to gather data. The Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire was administered to 250 engineering undergraduates as respondents, who were chosen using a purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was conducted to determine the construct validity. PCA appropriateness was suggested by the inter-item correlation.

Findings: The compensation, metacognitive and cognitive learning strategies were the most frequently used strategies while the memory and affective strategies were the least. The PCA added vital information like the memory strategy corresponds to the metacognitive strategy. The cognitive strategy concept of ‘practice,’ may demand a revisit to some traditional grammar learning methods. There are also demands for social-emotional factors to be considered. ODL has imposed bigger demands too.

Contributions: The findings may assist ESL educators to boost STEM students’ self-monitoring behavior, to plan and coordinate their own learning process. PCA’s ‘Self-Awareness’ concept revealed that policy makers need to conduct more training to ensure executions run smoothly.

Keywords: English, Language Learning Strategies (LLS), Open Distance Learning (ODL), Science Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

Cite as: Nurul Jannah, A. G., Tengku Intan Suzila, T. S., & Zainurin, A. R. (2022). STEM students’ English learning strategies and underlying factors in relation to issues in open distance learning. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 81-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp81-102
Binding domain characterization of growth hormone secretagogue receptor
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Ye Xiangcang , Kennedy Hilda , Smith Alexander G. A. , Smith Roy G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Activation of ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) by endogenous or synthetic ligands amplifies pulsatile release of growth hormone (GH) and enhances food intake, very relevant to development and growth. GHS-R is a G-protein coupled receptor that has great druggable potential. Understanding the precise ligand and receptor interactions is crucial to advance the application of GHS-R.

Materials and Methods
We used radiolabeled ligand-binding assay and growth hormone release assay to assess the binding and functional characteristics of GHS-R to synthetic agonists MK-0677 and GHS-25, as well as to endogenous peptide ligand ghrelin. We analyzed the ligand-dependent activity of GHS-R by measuring aequorin-based [Ca++]i responses. To define a ligand-binding pocket of GHS-R, we generated a series of human/puffer fish GHS-R chimeras by domain swapping, as well as a series of mutants by site-directed mutagenesis.

Results
We found that the synthetic ligands have high binding affinity to GHS-R in the in vitro competitive binding assay. Remarkably, the in vivo GH secretagogue activity is higher with the synthetic agonists MK-0677 and GHS-25 than that of ghrelin. Importantly, the activity was completely abolished in GHS-R knockout mice. In GHS-R chimera analysis, we identified the C-terminal region, particularly the transmembrane domain 6 (TM6), to be critical for the ligand-dependent activity. Our site-directed mutagenesis study further revealed that amino acid residues D99 and W276 in GHS-R are essential for ligand binding. Interestingly, critical residues distinctively interact with different ligands, MK-0677 activation depends on E124, while ghrelin and GHS-25 preferentially interact with F279.

Conclusion
The ligand-binding pocket of human GHS-R is mainly defined by interactive residues in TM6 and the adjacent region of the receptor. This novel finding in GHS-R binding domains advances the structural/ functional understanding of GHS-R, which will help to select/design better GHS-R agonists/ antagonists for future therapeutic applications.
Pengaruh formulasi pupuk cair berbasis limbah organik dan penambahan konsorsium mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Yuliatiningsih Ni Putu , Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gede , Defiani Made Ria 
Published: July 2022

Tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai gizi dan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Peningkatan produksi cabai dapat dilakukan dengan upaya perbaikan kesuburan tanah melalui pemupukan yang optimal dan ramah lingkungan. Air cucian beras dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai POC yang dikombinasikan dengan molase dan mikroba pelarut fosfat (MPF). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi pemanfaatan formulasi POC terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit dan menentukan perbandingan yang tepat antara air cucian beras dan molase dengan penambahan konsorsium MPF dalam memformulasi POC. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan ada 7 yaitu Y1 = Kontrol I (tanpa perlakuan); Y2 = Kontrol II (POC komersial); Y3 = 5% air cucian beras + 5% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; Y4 = 10% air cucian beras + 10% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; Y5 = 15% air cucian beras + 15% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; Y6 = 20% air cucian beras + 20% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; dan Y7 = 25% air cucian beras + 25% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan Y7 memberikan respon yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit dibandingkan dengan pemberian perlakuan formulasi POC lainnya.
Weggabelungen in Sicht - Kleine Anthropologie des Lassens in erregten Zeiten
Authors: Wils Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2022

Die Welt verändern, unentwegt an uns selbst arbeiten, das ist die Ambition der Moderne. Folglich fällt es uns schwer, über uns anders als im Modus des Tuns nachzudenken. Die Ethik der letzten Jahrzehnte ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Art Vergessen des Lassens: Das Nicht-Tun mutierte zu einem Fremdwort, der Wille zur Unverfügbarkeit ist schwach ausgebildet – die Bereitschaft zur Intervention umso mächtiger. Heute befinden wir uns jedoch an einer Weggabelung. Mit ihr ist die Überprüfung unserer Lebensstile in Sicht gekommen, denn längst ist der Krieg gegen die Natur zu einem Krieg gegen uns selbst geworden. Aus dem Modus der Konfrontation und der Domination müssen wir in den Modus der Kooperation wechseln. Das wird uns aber nicht gelingen, wenn wir nicht mit Übungen in der Kunst des Lassens anfangen, wie dieser Band verdeutlicht.
Karakterisasi Lima Galur Semangka Mini Generasi Ketiga (F3) dengan Tipe Warna Kulit Buah Gelap
Authors: Helmayanti Putri , Wahyudi Anung , Nazirwan Nazirwan 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan tahap pengkarakterisasian semangka mini tipe kulit buah gelap pada generasi ke-3 (F3). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai keragaman genetik terhadap karakter semangka mini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kelima galur yang diujikan memiliki warna daging buah merah, dua galur berbentuk bulat (WM 191102 dan WM 191104), dan tiga galur berbentuk oval (WM 191106, WM 191108 dan WM 191109). Kelima galur semangka yang diuji memiliki berbagai tipe lurik atau strip yang berbeda-beda. Galur tanpa lurik (WM 191109), galur lurik pudar (WM 191108), galur lurik tipis (WM 191102 dan WM 191106), dan galur lurik tebal (WM 191104). Informasi mengenai karakterisasi lima galur semangka mini dengan tipe kulit buah gelap baik secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, selanjutnya digunakan pada tahap pemuliaan berikutnya yaitu seleksi galur murni sebagai tetua hibrida. Kata kunci: karakterisasi, semangka mini, tipe gelap,
Interviewing Dermatology Applicants in a Virtual Setting: A Perspective after 2020-2021 Match
Authors: Weir Sydney , Hattway Reagan , Singh Nikhi , King Timothy , Kole Lauren 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the 2020-2021 residency application cycle. In 2020, residency programs across the country, including dermatology residency training programs, created social media accounts and implemented virtual open houses. It is unclear whether these methods effectively evaluated and recruited applicants. We aimed to assess the impact of visiting rotations, pre-interview events, and virtual interviews through the lens of dermatology program directors and medical students who matched into dermatology in 2021.
Methods
A survey consisting of multiple-choice and open-ended questions was distributed to all 138 dermatology residency program directors in the United States on May 4, 2021, by email.
Results
With a program director (PD) response rate of approximately 13%, the data obtained from the survey is limited. However, 68% of PDs were in agreeance that the absence of a student’s away rotation would limit their ability to gauge an applicant. Further, the most offered virtual pre-interview event was a Q&A session with residents. However, virtual open houses were the most highly rated virtual pre-interview event (average effectiveness score 6.8 out of 10).
Conclusion
Residency programs and applicants adapted to the virtual application cycle through enhanced virtual interaction, and these opportunities appeared to impact the application cycle in nuanced ways. While this study was limited by a low response rate, it may provide a framework for the continued use of virtual opportunities in the wake of a global pandemic.
Comparison of the frictional resistance and optical properties of aluminum oxide and zinc oxide coated nickel titanium archwires – An in vitro study
Authors: Palanivel Jeyaram , Srinivasan Dilip , Chakravathy N. C. Sushil 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The friction that appears during sliding mechanics poses a clinical challenge to the orthodontist. The primary focus of an ideal tooth movement is to reduce the friction created at the archwire-bracket interface. Various variables (both biological and mechanical) affect the role of friction during orthodontic tooth movement. One among the variables which play a critical role is the archwire used in fixed mechanotherapy. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are widely used in clinical conditions due to their properties such as low force delivery and wider elastic working range. Innovations in the field of material science have led to the evolution of nickel titanium archwires with coating and surface modification to enhance the esthetics and decrease friction. Esthetics is of major concern in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. As the esthetic demand keeps rising, the need for developing an esthetically acceptable material is required and it should not compromise on the clinical performance. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the frictional resistance and optical properties of ALUMINIUM oxide and zinc oxide-coated Ni-Ti archwires.

Material and Methods:
The archwires were divided into three groups (n = 10), respectively: Group 1 – control group of uncoated NiTi archwires, GROUP 2 – zinc oxide coated NiTi archwires, and Group 3 – ALUMINIUM oxide coated NiTi archwires. The frictional resistance test was done using a universal testing machine, Instron, and optical properties were assessed using a colorimeter. The analysis of variance was used to determine whether a significant difference existed between the groups and a further post hoc Tukey test was used to determine the significant difference in the mean (P < 0.05).

Results:
The two coated archwire groups – zinc oxide and ALUMINIUM oxide archwires showed a significant decrease in frictional resistance. Of the three groups, zinc oxide showed the least frictional resistance compared to the ALUMINIUM oxide-coated group and the uncoated group. Optical properties were calculated using the formula ΔE*ab for the three groups. Of which zinc oxide coated archwires were closest to VA1 indicating that it matches the shade of the natural tooth while the other two groups did not match the tooth color implying that it is not much esthetic as that of zinc oxide coated archwires.

Conclusion:
The zinc oxide-coated archwire resembles tooth color as well as has less frictional resistance compared to the other archwires.
Erstellung eines fachspezifischen Aufgabenpools anhand von zwei Beispielen des Studienerfolgsprojektes OSA 3.0
Authors: Czichy Charis , Abdel-Haq Anja , Odenbach Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Die Gruppe der Studieninteressierten ist bzgl. Wissenstand und Interessenslage sehr heterogen, so dass es eine Herausforderung darstellt, z. B. den Vorlesungsstoff entsprechend des Vorwissens aufzubereiten, Praktika spannend zu gestalten oder eine adäquate Prüfungsvorbereitung anzubieten. Ebenso sind Ideen gefragt, um das eigene Wahlmodul vorzustellen oder für die Vertiefung an sich zu werben. Eine Lösung stellt ein fachspezifischer Aufgabenpool dar. Wie die Wissensstände in Erfahrung gebracht und Interesse geweckt werden kann, wird anhand des Studienerfolgsprojektes OSA 3.0 erläutert, wobei OSA für Online-Self-Assessment steht. Die einzelnen Prozessschritte werden im Detail beschrieben und die Entwicklung von zwei Aufgaben wird exemplarisch für diese Schritte gezeigt.