bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Flutter Stability of Mistuned Bladed Disks Subjected to the Coriolis Effect
Authors: Tacher Anthony , Thouverez Fabrice , Armand Jason 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intentional frequency mistuning referred to as detuning is known to be an effective mean to prevent aeroelastic flutter in gas turbines. The Coriolis effect, which is usually discarded, can reduce the mistuning effects and therefore compromise the stabilizing effect of detuning with respect to flutter. This paper presents an original study of the influence of the Coriolis effect on the aeroelastic stability of a single-piece bladed disk (blisk), which made it possible to highlight for the first time the complex interactions between flutter, mistuning, and the Coriolis effect. The blisk is modeled with a lumped parameter model and the aeroelastic self-excitations using Whitehead's theory. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the best detuning pattern to stabilize the flutter-prone blisk. The results show that if the detuning pattern is identified without taking the Coriolis effect into account, the detuned blisk can still be prone to flutter. The key driver of this loss of stability is the frequency separation of the modes resulting from the Coriolis effect, which decreases the mode interactions that are required to stabilize the system. This article demonstrates the need to consider the Coriolis effect when studying the aeroelastic stability of cyclic structures with flexible disk and blade-disk coupling. By doing so, it is shown that a higher level of detuning is needed to compensate the adverse effects of Coriolis and ensure stability to flutter.
Experimental Verification of Pulse Shaping in Elastic Metamaterials Under Impact Excitation
Authors: Dorgant Greg , Johnson William R. , DeLima Washington , Leamy Michael J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present experimental verification of pulse shaping in elastic metamaterials together with a procedure to design, fabricate, and verify metamaterial pulse shapers under impact excitation. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test, a fundamental dynamic test introduced more than 70 years ago, often incorporates pulse shaping as a means to alter a stress wave, providing the primary motivation for the presented study. Elastic metamaterials hold promise for enhancing conventional pulse shaping abilities and improving capabilities of the SHPB test. We first design the pulse shaper by numerically optimizing its response using finite element analysis. The pulse shaper consists of repeated unit cells based on a combination of a phononic crystal and a local resonator. Then, we fabricate and test pulse shaper candidates to validate the procedural efficacy. An iterative element corrects inaccuracies in input force and material properties and allows convergence on an appropriate pulse shaper. We carry out this procedure by designing pulse shapers fabricated from 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) to achieve an extended dwell acceleration pulse shape. In experimental impact tests, the procedure results in rise, dwell, and fall behaviors comparable to that predicted, effectively confirming the efficacy of the presented procedure and verifying the performance of metamaterial-based pulse shapers.
What Influences Children’s Physical Activity? Investigating the Effects of Physical Self-Concept, Physical Self-Guides, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Authors: Henning Lena , Dreiskämper Dennis , Pauly Hannah , Filz Steffen , Tietjens Maike 
Published: October 2022

Physical fitness self-concept (PFSC) is an important predictor of motivation and physical activity in children. Recent studies revealed that not only PFSC but also its interplay with perceptions of one’s ideal and ought physical fitness self are related to motivation and physical activity. As the meaning of ideal and ought selves in children is yet unclear, this study aimed to investigate how PFSC, ideal physical fitness self, and ought physical fitness self are related to children’s motivation and physical activity. Six hundred forty-five children (Mage = 8.87 years) filled out questionnaires twice with an interval of approximately 8 months. Polynomial regression with response surface analyses and mediation analyses was conducted. Results showed that PFSC, rather than ideal and ought self-perceptions, is associated with autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, and physical activity. The relationship between PFSC and physical activity was mediated by self-efficacy. Findings indicate that physical activity promotion programs should include PFSC and self-efficacy enhancement in childhood.
Fault surface morphology as an indicator for earthquake nucleation potential
Authors: Eijsink Agathe M. , Kirkpatrick James D. , Renard François , Ikari Matt J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLaboratory measurements can determine the potential for geologic materials to generate unstable (seismic) slip, but a direct relation between sliding behavior in the laboratory and physical characteristics observable in the field is lacking, especially for the phyllosilicate-rich gouges that are widely observed in natural faults. We integrated laboratory friction experiments with surface topography microscopy and demonstrated a quantitative correlation between frictional slip behavior and fault surface morphology of centimeter-scale samples. Our results show that striated, smooth fault surfaces were formed in experiments that exhibited stable sliding, whereas potentially unstable sliding was associated with rougher, isotropic fault surfaces. We interpret that frictional stability and fault surface morphology are linked via the evolution of asperity contacts on localized slip surfaces. If fault surface roughness obeys a fractal relationship over a large range of length scales, then we infer that the morphological characteristics observed in the laboratory could indicate the earthquake nucleation potential on natural fault surfaces.
Molybdenum isotopes in mafic igneous rocks record slabmantle interactions from subarc to postarc depths
Authors: Fang Wei , Dai Li-Qun , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhao Zi-Fu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Arc volcanic rocks erupted above oceanic subduction zones generally have heavy molybdenum (Mo) isotopic compositions, which are attributed to contributions from oceanic slab–derived fluids with isotopically heavy Mo at subarc depths. Given that mafic igneous rocks with light Mo isotopic compositions have been rarely identified, it is unclear where light Mo isotope reservoirs reside, as these must exist due to oceanic subduction through geologic time. We present Mo isotope data from Mesozoic–Cenozoic mafic igneous rocks from the eastern North China craton, which were affected by continuous subduction of the oceanic slab. The Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks have island-arc basalt (IAB)–like features and high δ98Mo values of –0.15‰ to +0.09‰. In contrast, the Cenozoic mafic igneous rocks have ocean-island basalt (OIB)–like features and low δ98Mo values of –0.53‰ to –0.19‰. In addition, these two suites of rocks exhibit systematic differences in Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and fluid- and melt-mobile element contents, indicating that their mantle sources contained crustal components derived from different depths. The heavy Mo and weakly enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and IAB-like trace-element signatures were inherited from slab fluids (including oceanic crust–derived aqueous solutions and seafloor sediment–derived hydrous melts) liberated at subarc depths. The light Mo and depleted Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and OIB-like trace-element signatures were inherited from dehydrated slab–derived melts (with rutile breakdown) at postarc depths. Therefore, Mo isotope systematics of mafic igneous rocks are a powerful means with which to trace the geochemical fluxes from subducting oceanic slabs to the mantle wedge at different depths.
Maternal hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and mortality in offspring from birth to young adulthood: national population based cohort study
Authors: Huang Chen , Wei Kecheng , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Qin Guoyou , Yu Yongfu , Li Jiong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association of maternal hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) with overall and cause specific mortality in offspring from birth to young adulthood.

Design
Nationwide population based cohort study.

Setting
Danish national health registers.

Participants
All 2 437 718 individuals live born in Denmark, 1978-2018, with follow-up from date of birth until date of death, emigration, or 31 December 2018, whichever came first.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 13 specific causes of death in offspring from birth to young adulthood (age 41 years). Cox regression was used to assess the association, taking into consideration several potential confounders. The role of timing of onset and severity of pre-eclampsia, maternal history of diabetes, and maternal education were also studied.

Results
102 095 mothers had HDP: 67 683 with pre-eclampsia, 679 with eclampsia, and 33 733 with hypertension. During follow-up to 41 years (median 19.4 (interquartile range 9.7-28.7) years), deaths occurred in 781 (58.94 per 100 000 person years) offspring born to mothers with pre-eclampsia, 17 (133.73 per 100 000 person years) born to mothers with eclampsia, 223 (44.38 per 100 000 person years) born to mothers with hypertension, and 19 119 (41.99 per 100 000 person years) born to mothers with no HDP. The difference in cumulative incidence in overall mortality between cohorts exposed and unexposed to maternal HDP was 0.37% (95% confidence interval 0.11% to 0.64%), and the population attributable fraction for maternal HDP was estimated as 1.09% (95% confidence interval 0.77% to 1.41%). Maternal HDP was associated with a 26% (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.34) higher risk of all cause mortality in offspring. The corresponding estimates for maternal pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and hypertension were 1.29 (1.20 to 1.38), 2.88 (1.79 to 4.63), and 1.12 (0.98 to 1.28). Increased risks were also observed for several cause specific mortalities, such as deaths from conditions originating in the perinatal period (2.04, 1.81 to 2.30), cardiovascular diseases (1.52, 1.08 to 2.13), digestive system diseases (2.09, 1.27 to 3.43), and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (1.56, 1.08 to 2.27). The increased risks were more pronounced among offspring of mothers with early onset and severe pre-eclampsia (6.06, 5.35 to 6.86) or with both HDP and diabetes history (1.57, 1.16 to 2.14) or HDP and low education level (1.49, 1.34 to 1.66).

Conclusion
Maternal HDP, particularly eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia, is associated with increased risks of overall mortality and various cause specific mortalities in offspring from birth to young adulthood.
Ordovician geology of Alaska
Authors: Dumoulin Julie A. , Strauss Justin V. , Repetski John E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ordovician rocks, found in northern, east-central, interior and southern Alaska, formed in a variety of depositional and palaeogeographic settings. Shallow- and deep-water strata deposited along the northwestern Laurentian margin occur in east-central Alaska (Yukon River area) and probably correlative rocks crop out to the north in the Porcupine River area. Ordovician strata elsewhere in Alaska are parts of continental or island arc fragments that, as indicated by faunal and detrital zircon data, have been variously displaced. In northern Alaska, Ordovician rocks are included in the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka Microplate (AACM), a composite tectonic entity with a complex history. Some Ordovician strata in the AACM (parts of the North Slope subterrane) represent displaced fragments of the northern Laurentian margin. Coeval strata in southwestern parts of the AACM (York and Seward terranes, Hammond subterrane) share distinctive lithologic and biotic features with Ordovician rocks in interior Alaska (Farewell and related terranes). Ordovician strata in southeastern Alaska (Alexander terrane) also likely compose a composite crustal fragment that accumulated in a complex arc system. Shared features between many of these units suggest similar origins as part of one or more crustal fragments situated in the palaeo-Arctic between Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia during early Paleozoic time.
Static and Streaming Tucker Decomposition for Dense Tensors
Authors: Jang Jun-Gi , Kang U 
Published: October 2022

Given a dense tensor, how can we efficiently discover hidden relations and patterns in static and online streaming settings? Tucker decomposition is a fundamental tool to analyze multidimensional arrays in the form of tensors. However, existing Tucker decomposition methods in both static and online streaming settings have limitations of efficiency since they directly deal with large dense tensors for the result of Tucker decomposition. In a static setting, although few static methods have tried to reduce their time cost by sampling tensors, sketching tensors, and efficient matrix operations, there remains a need for an efficient method. Moreover, streaming versions of Tucker decomposition are still time-consuming to deal with newly arrived tensors.
We propose D-Tucker and D-TuckerO, efficient Tucker decomposition methods for large dense tensors in static and online streaming settings, respectively. By decomposing a given large dense tensor with randomized singular value decomposition, avoiding the reconstruction from SVD results, and carefully determining the order of operations, D-Tucker and D-TuckerO efficiently obtain factor matrices and core tensor. Experimental results show that D-Tucker achieves up to 38.4 × faster running times, and requires up to 17.2 × less space than existing methods while having similar accuracy. Furthermore, D-TuckerO is up to 6.1× faster than existing streaming methods for each newly arrived tensor while its running time is proportional to the size of the newly arrived tensor, not the accumulated tensor.
An Aged/Autoimmune B-cell Program Defines the Early Transformation of Extranodal Lymphomas
Authors: Venturutti Leandro , Rivas Martin A. , Pelzer Benedikt W. , Flümann Ruth , Hansen Julia , Karagiannidis Ioannis , Xia Min , McNally Dylan R. , Isshiki Yusuke , Lytle Andrew , Teater Matt , Chin Christopher R. , Meydan Cem , Knittel Gero , Ricker Edd , Mason Christopher E. , Ye Xiaofei , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Steidl Christian , Scott David W. , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Pernis Alessandra B. , Béguelin Wendy , Melnick Ari M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

A third of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) present with extranodal dissemination, which is associated with inferior clinical outcomes. MYD88L265P is a hallmark extranodal DLBCL mutation that supports lymphoma proliferation. Yet extranodal lymphomagenesis and the role of MYD88L265P in transformation remain mostly unknown. Here, we show that B cells expressing Myd88L252P (MYD88L265P murine equivalent) activate, proliferate, and differentiate with minimal T-cell costimulation. Additionally, Myd88L252P skewed B cells toward memory fate. Unexpectedly, the transcriptional and phenotypic profiles of B cells expressing Myd88L252P, or other extranodal lymphoma founder mutations, resembled those of CD11c+T-BET+ aged/autoimmune memory B cells (AiBC). AiBC-like cells progressively accumulated in animals prone to develop lymphomas, and ablation of T-BET, the AiBC master regulator, stripped mouse and human mutant B cells of their competitive fitness. By identifying a phenotypically defined prospective lymphoma precursor population and its dependencies, our findings pave the way for the early detection of premalignant states and targeted prophylactic interventions in high-risk patients.

Significance:
Extranodal lymphomas feature a very poor prognosis. The identification of phenotypically distinguishable prospective precursor cells represents a milestone in the pursuit of earlier diagnosis, patient stratification, and prophylactic interventions. Conceptually, we found that extranodal lymphomas and autoimmune disorders harness overlapping pathogenic trajectories, suggesting these B-cell disorders develop and evolve within a spectrum.
See related commentary by Leveille et al. (Blood Cancer Discov 2023;4:8–11).
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Social Search and Resource Clustering as Emergent Stable States
Authors: Luthra Mahi , Todd Peter M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Social search has stably evolved across various species and is often used by humans to search for resources (such as food, information, social partners). In turn, these resources frequently come distributed in patches or clusters. In the current work, we use an ecologically inspired agent-based model to investigate whether social search and clustering are stable outcomes of the dynamical mutual interactions between the two. While previous research has studied unidirectional influences of social search on resource clustering and vice versa, the current work investigates the consequential patterns emerging from their two-way interactions over time. In our model, consumers evolved search strategies (ranging from competitive to social) as adaptations to their environmental resource structures, and resources varied in distributions (ranging from random to clustered) that were shaped by agents’ consumption patterns. Across four experiments, we systematically analyzed the patterns of influence that search strategies and environment structure have on each other to identify stable attractor states of both. In Experiment 1, we fixed resource clustering at various levels and observed its influence on social search, and in Experiment 2, we observed the influence of social search on resource distribution. In both these experiments we found that increasing levels of one variable produced increases in the other; however, at very high levels of the manipulated variable, the dependent variable tended to fall. Finally in Experiments 3 and 4, we studied the dynamics that arose when resource clustering and social search could both change and mutually influence each other, finding that low levels of social search and clustering were stable attractor states. Our simple 2D model yielded results that qualitatively resemble those across a wide range of search domains (from physical search for food to abstract search for information), highlighting some stable outcomes of mutually interacting consumer/resource systems.
Evaluation and Improvement of an Inflow-Nudging Technique for Idealized Simulations of Convective Boundary Layers
Authors: Boyer Christian H. , Keeler Jason M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent idealized modeling studies have highlighted the importance of explicitly simulating realistic convective boundary layer (CBL) structures to assess and represent their influence on mesoscale phenomena. The choice of lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) has a substantial impact on these turbulent structures, including the distribution of kinematic and thermodynamic properties within the CBL. While use of periodic LBCs is ideal, open LBCs are required for nonuniform domains (e.g., multiple air masses or land surface types). However, open LBCs result in an unrealistic, laminar CBL structure near the upstream boundary that undoubtedly impacts the evolution of any simulated phenomena. Therefore, there is a need for a modified open LBC option to mitigate this unrealistic structure, while still permitting users to simulate phenomena in nonuniform domains. The Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Cloud Model 1 (CM1), version 19.8, includes an optional inflow-nudging technique to nudge inflow to the base-state wind profile. For the present study, the authors modified this method to one that nudges toward a continually updated, horizontally averaged profile so that the technique may be used for phenomena under evolving conditions. Simulations using LBC choices, including nudging to either the base state or horizontal average, were evaluated relative to respective dual-periodic LBC control simulations with or without vertical wind shear. The horizontal average nudging technique outperformed the traditional open LBCs and nudging to the base state, as demonstrated using a histogram matching technique applied to grid points within the CBL. Ultimately, this work can be used to assist modelers in assessing which LBCs are appropriate for their intended use.
Random Forest Approach for Improving Nonconvective High Wind Forecasting across Southeast Wyoming
Authors: Brothers Matthew D. , Hammer Christopher L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High winds are one of the key forecast challenges across southeast Wyoming. The complex mountainous terrain across the region frequently results in strong gap winds in localized areas, as well as more widespread bora and chinook winds in the winter season (October–March). The predictors and general weather patterns that result in strong winds across the region are well understood by local forecasters. However, no single predictor provides notable skill by itself in separating warning-level events from others. Random forest (RF) classifier models were developed to improve upon high wind prediction using a training dataset constructed of archived observations and model parameters from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Three locations were selected for initial RF model development, including the city of Cheyenne, Wyoming, and two gap regions along Interstate 80 (Arlington) and Interstate 25 (Bordeaux). Verification scores over two winters suggested the RF models were beneficial relative to current operational tools when predicting warning-criteria high wind events. Three case studies of high wind events provide examples of the RF models’ effectiveness to forecast operations over current forecast tools. The first case explores a classic, widespread high wind scenario, which was well anticipated by local forecasters. A more marginal scenario is explored in the second case, which presented greater forecast challenges relating to timing and intensity of the strongest winds. The final case study carefully uses Global Forecast System (GFS) data as input into the RF models, further supporting real-time implementation into forecast operations.
Local Conflicts and Foreign Fighters: The ‘Afghan Arabs’ Phenomena During Afghan Conflict (1978–2021)
Authors: Khalil Ahmad Bilal 
Published: October 2022

The emergence of the Afghan Arabs phenomena is the by-product of the Afghan ‘jihad’. The Arabs that mostly came to Afghanistan sought to fulfil a ‘religious’ duty in the form of jihad. This migration process from the Arab countries to the Af-Pak region was in line with the USA, Pakistan, Afghan mujahideen, Arab countries’ policies and volunteering fighters’ personal beliefs. The Afghan Arabs were not a homogeneous group; they were ideologically and strategically fragmented and had different groups and views. Hence, all Afghan Arabs did not end up in Al-Qaeda. Despite this fragmentation, Afghan Arabs played an essential role in the Afghan conflict, from raising funds to providing volunteer fighters and coverage of ‘jihad’ through their media sources. They also intervened in the affairs of Afghan mujahideen groups. They either sided with the opposing jihadi factions (and later with the Taliban) during the Afghan Civil War or remained silent. In the post-2001 period, their role was limited to technical support and fighting against the ‘common enemy’. In this period, the Taliban’s policy towards Al-Qaeda was to not condemn, not cut ties, to regularise them while officially rejecting their presence.