bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of growth and vitality class of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri T. et B.) on Sempaja Arboretum East Kalimantan
Authors: Abdurachman  , Susanty F H , Ngatiman  
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the growth and vitality class of Ulin stands after the age of 17 years at Sempaja Arboretum, Samarinda East Kalimantan. Collecting data by measuring all species of Ulin which were planted in the arboretum area of 2.5 ha covering diameter/circumference, tree height, and trunk condition in 2020. The growth analysis approach used individual tree increment calculations, while the vitality class and social dynamic assessment were based on the IUFRO classification. The results showed that in the arboretum Sempaja found 82 stems of Ulin which planted as a result of ex-situ conservation activities. The tree’s growth distribution after 17 years was wide both based on the diameter, namely 1.5-11.72 cm, and height, namely 2.4-16.21 m. Based on the mean annual diameter increment (MAId) is 0.09-0.69 cm. yr-1, the height increment (MAIh) is 0.14-0.95 m. yr-1and volume increment (MAIvol) is 0.00002-0.006 m3.yr-1. The vitality value of Ulin was classified into three classes, meanwhile, the dynamic social was divided into two classes. Based on this assessment, the stand is dominated by trees with average growth and trees requiring maintenance in their development. These results provide input for the need for silvicultural maintenance for the Ulin stand, especially in the management of Sempaja arboretum.
Magneto-optic surface plasmon resonance properties of core-shell Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Panre Andi Marwanti , Yahya Ilyas Maulana , Juharni Juharni , Suharyadi Edi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The magneto-optic surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) properties of core-shell Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully investigated using the Kretschmann configuration. The four layer configuration system consists of prism/Au/Fe3O4@Ag/air. At the plasmon resonance frequency, a prominent resonant enhancement of magneto-optical activity was observed. An external magnetic field of 40, 50 and 60 Oe was applied in the longitudinal, polar, and transversal configurations with variation in the positive and negative directions in the longitudinal configuration. In the longitudinal configuration, the SPR angle shifted to the larger and lower angles when an external magnetic field was applied in the positive and negative directions, respectively. Under an external magnetic field, the SPR angle shifted to the larger angle for polar and transversal configurations. The non-reciprocal reflection of light was exploited under an external magnetic field applied to core-shell Fe3O4@Ag magnetic NPs. The SPR angle shift is observed in each configuration. The results indicated that the MOSPR system might be used for next generation of biosensor application.
The dependence of N

KR

versus K
R: the initial, thermal, volumetric recombination and screening effect on the efficiency of collected charges on the calibration of si HDR1000 plus well chambers with 192Ir HDR sources
*
Authors: Álvarez Romero José T , De La Cruz Hernández Daniel , Cabrera Vertti Raymundo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By using the statistical techniques of the ANOVA means test and regression, it was found that the

N

K

R

calibration factor of Standard Imaging (SI) model HDR 1000 plus chambers presents a quadratic dependence with the Reference air kerma rate

K

R

(from 6.9 mGy h−1 to 43.9 mGy h−1). In order to understand and correct this dependency one model is presented for total recombination:

k

s

=

I

300

I

150

=
1
+

k

i
n
i

+

k

d

+

k

vol

·

I

300

+

k

s
c
r
e
e
n

·

I

300

2

,

where

k

ini

is the initial recombination,

k

vol

the thermal diffusion recombination,

k

vol

the volumetric recombination and

k

screen

the screening for the currents/charges collected at the potential differences of 300 and 150 V. In conclusion, the total recombination

k

s

is composed by one

k

ini

with a constant contribution of 0.019%, one k

d
contribution of 0.017%, one

k

vol

·

I

300

contribution from 0.022% to 0.138%, and the

k

s
c
r
e
e
n

·

I

300

2

effects from 0.002% to 0.09% in the range of

K
̇

R

rate above. However, when this model for

k

s

is applied to try to correct the quadratic dependence of the

N

K

R

versus

K

R

,

explicitly there is no improvement in the variation range of 0.5% of the

N

K

R

versus

K

R

.

Nonetheless, it allows to obtain

N

K

R

values consistent with a

u

c

≤ 0.7%, which is less than 1.25% reported in the literature by ADCLs or SSDLs.
State policy and environmental management: examining the intermediate mechanisms of ecological modernization
Authors: Adua Lazarus , Clark Brett , Jorgenson Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most quantitative research testing ecological modernization theory focuses on the direct relationship between development and environmental outcomes. In this study, we assess overlooked propositions of the perspective: the impacts of economic development on intermediate mechanisms—efficiency improvement and environmental consciousness—that are theorized to contribute to ecological ameliorations. We analyze fully balanced panel data covering all 50 U.S. states to evaluate the influence of both personal income per capita and GDP per capita on two intermediate mechanisms—state-level energy efficiency policies and state environmentalism. The findings indicate that personal income per capita is positively related to both state-level energy efficiency policies and state environmentalism, which is expected, while GDP per capita is related to neither of these measures. While these results provide mixed support for ecological modernization theory, we observe that the enactment of a policy does not, by default, lead to the realization of the expected benefits or outcomes. By investigating the role of intermediate mechanisms in mitigating environmental degradation, this study advances our shared understanding of the social, political, and economic factors shaping environmental policy and management in the United States.
Leptin and Its Signaling Are Not Involved in Zebrafish Puberty Onset
Authors: Hu Zhe , Ai Nana , Chen Weiting , Wong Queenie Wing-Lei , Ge Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted from the adipose tissues and its signaling plays a central role in metabolic regulation of growth, especially on fat mass. In addition, leptin is also involved in regulating reproduction in mammals. In teleosts, there are two leptin ligands (lepa and lepb) and one cognate leptin receptor (lepr); however, their functions are still elusive. In this study, we created null-function mutants for lepa, lepb and lepr in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 method and analyzed their phenotypes with emphasis on puberty onset, one major function widely reported for leptin in mammals. We demonstrated that the loss of leptin ligands or their receptor resulted in no obesity from prepubertal stage to adulthood. We then focused on leptin involvement in controlling puberty onset. We first confirmed the somatic threshold for puberty onset in females and proposed a criterion and somatic threshold for male puberty onset. We examined gonadal development and sex maturation in different genotypic combinations including single mutants (lepa−/−, lepb−/− and lepr−/−), double mutants (lepa−/−;lepb−/−) and triple mutants (lepa−/−;lepb−/−;lepr−/−). Our results showed that once the fish reached the thresholds, the siblings of all genotypes displayed comparable gonadal development in both sexes without obvious signs of changed puberty onset. In conclusion, this comprehensive genetic study on the lep-lepr system demonstrated that in contrast to its counterpart in mammals, leptin system plays little role in controlling growth and reproduction especially puberty onset in zebrafish.
Fulminant Influenza A myocarditis in a patient presenting with cardiogenic shock and biventricular thrombi: a case report
Authors: Cottet Mylène , Vivekanantham Hari , Arroja José David , Arroyo Diego 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute myocarditis is a common condition, with viral infections being the most common aetiology in North America and Europe. Influenza A myocarditis is however rare. As clinical manifestation may be fulminant, early recognition and management are paramount and may impact overall prognosis by hindering complications such as thromboembolism. A brief review of the literature, diagnostic modalities, work-up and treatment are discussed.

Case summary
We present the case of a 42-year-old, previously healthy woman with recent flu-like symptoms, developing decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock within a week, due to Influenza A myocarditis. Biventricular thrombi were identified. Pharmacological haemodynamic support, followed by HF therapy, allowed full recuperation of heart function. Intracavitary thrombi disappeared under unfractionated heparin with bridging to rivaroxaban.

Discussion
Fulminant myocarditis due to Influenza A is rare and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been associated with intracardiac thrombi formation. Echocardiography is the essential first-line imaging modality. Cardiac magnetic resonance plays a major role in the diagnosis of myocarditis and may preclude the need for an endomyocardial biopsy in selected cases. Coronary angiography may be required to rule out ischaemic aetiology. First-line therapy in fulminant disease is pharmacological and, if required, mechanical haemodynamic support. Standard HF therapy complete the therapeutic options and should be introduced as soon as possible. Complications such as intracardiac thrombi formation, require targeted treatment. Specific drug therapies targeting Influenza A have no proven benefit in myocarditis.
microRNA172 targets APETALA2 to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in apple (Malus domestica).
Authors: Ding Tiyu , Tomes Sumathi , Gleave Andrew P , Zhang Hengtao , Dare Andrew P , Plunkett Blue , Espley Richard V , Luo Zhiwei , Zhang Ruiping , Allan Andrew C , Zhou Zhe , Wang Huan , Wu Mengmeng , Dong Haiqing , Liu Chonghuai , Liu Jihong , Yan Zhenli , Yao Jia-Long 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
MicroRNA172 (miR172) plays a role in regulating a diverse range of plant developmental processes, including flowering, fruit development and nodulation. However, its role in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis is unclear. In this study, we show that transgenic apple plants over-expressing miR172 show a reduction in red coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in various tissue types. This reduction was consistent with decreased expression of APETALA2 homolog MdAP2_1a (a miR172 target gene), MdMYB10, and targets of MdMYB10, as demonstrated by both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. The positive role of MdAP2_1a in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis was supported by the enhanced petal anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing MdAP2_1a, and by the reduction in anthocyanin accumulation in apple and cherry fruits transfected with an MdAP2_1a virus-induced-gene-silencing construct. We demonstrated that MdAP2_1a could bind directly to the promoter and protein sequences of MdMYB10 in yeast and tobacco, and enhance MdMYB10 promotor activity. In Arabidopsis, over-expression of miR172 reduced flavonoid (including anthocyanins and flavonols) concentration and RNA transcript abundance of flavonoid genes in plantlets cultured on medium containing 7% sucrose. The anthocyanin content and RNA abundance of anthocyanin genes could be partially restored by using a synonymous mutant of MdAP2_1a, which had lost the miR172 target sequences at mRNA level, but not restored by using a WT MdAP2_1a. These results indicate that miR172 inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis through suppressing the expression of an AP2 transcription factor that positively regulates MdMYB10.
Illustration of the variation in the content of flavanone rutinosides in various citrus germplasms from genetic and enzymatic perspectives
Authors: Li Wenyun , Li Gu , Yuan Ziyu , Li Mingyue , Deng Xiuxin , Tan Meilian , Ma Yuhua , Chen Jiajing , Xu Juan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In citrus, 1,6-rhamnosytransferase (1,6RhaT) and 1,2-rhamnosytransferase (1,2RhaT) catalyze flavanone-7-O-glucosides to form nonbitter flavanone rutinosides (FRs) and bitter flavanone neohesperidosides (FNs), respectively. As revealed in this study of fruit peels from 36 citrus accessions, FRs varied from undetectable levels in pummelo and kumquat to being the dominant flavonoids in sweet orange and loose-skin mandarins. Furthermore, a previously annotated full-length 1,6RhaT-like gene was identified as another 1,6RhaT-encoding gene by in vitro experiments. In total, 28 alleles of full-length 1,6RhaTs were isolated and classified into A, B and C types with only type A alleles encoding a functional protein. Coincidently, only the accessions that contained FRs harbored type A alleles, as was further verified in two F1 hybrid populations. Moreover, the inferior substrate conversion efficiency of 1,6RhaTs in comparison with that of 1,2RhaT in vitro might partly explain the lower proportions of FRs to total flavanone disaccharides in citrus hybrids harboring both functional rhamnosyltransferases. Our findings provide a better understanding of FR content variations among citrus and are meaningful for a mechanistic illustration of citrus flavonoid metabolism and fruit quality improvement practices.
DgMYB2 improves cold resistance in chrysanthemum by directly targeting DgGPX1
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Luo Yunchen , Bai Huiru , Li Xin , Tang Si , Liao Xiaoqin , Zhang Lei , Liu Qinglin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
MYB transcription factors play important roles in plant responses to cold stress, but the associated underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a cold-induced MYB transcription factor, DgMYB2, was isolated from chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). DgMYB2 was localized to the nucleus and exhibited transactivational activity. Overexpression of DgMYB2 improved cold tolerance in chrysanthemum, while cold tolerance in the antisense suppression lines decreased compared to that of the wild type. Additionally, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase complementary imaging analysis, and dual-luciferase reporter gene detection experiments confirmed that DgMYB2 directly targets DgGPX1 and increases the activity of glutathione peroxidase to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby improving cold resistance in chrysanthemum.
Variation burst during dedifferentiation and increased CHH-type DNA methylation after 30 years of in vitro culture of sweet orange
Authors: Wang Xia , Ke Lili , Wang Shuting , Fu Jialing , Xu Jidi , Hao Yujin , Kang Chunying , Guo Wenwu , Deng Xiuxin , Xu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Somaclonal variation arising from tissue culture may provide a valuable resource for the selection of new germplasm, but may not preserve true-to-type characteristics, which is a major concern for germplasm conservation or genome editing. The genomic changes associated with dedifferentiation and somaclonal variation during long-term in vitro culture are largely unknown. Sweet orange was one of the earliest plant species to be cultured in vitro and induced via somatic embryogenesis. We compared four sweet orange callus lines after 30 years of constant tissue culture with newly induced calli by comprehensively determining the single-nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variations, transposable element insertions, methylomic and transcriptomic changes. We identified a burst of variation during early dedifferentiation, including a retrotransposon outbreak, followed by a variation purge during long-term in vitro culture. Notably, CHH methylation showed a dynamic pattern, initially disappearing during dedifferentiation and then more than recovering after 30 years of in vitro culture. We also analyzed the effects of somaclonal variation on transcriptional reprogramming, and indicated subgenome dominance was evident in the tetraploid callus. We identified a retrotransposon insertion and DNA modification alternations in the potential regeneration-related gene CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 16. This study provides the foundation to harness in vitro variation and offers a deeper understanding of the variation introduced by tissue culture during germplasm conservation, somatic embryogenesis, gene editing, and breeding programs.
Highly efficient activation of endogenous gene in grape using CRISPR/dCas9-based transcriptional activators
Authors: Ren Chong , Li Huayang , Liu Yanfei , Li Shaohua , Liang Zhenchang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOverexpression and knockout (or knockdown) of gene of interest are two commonly used strategies for gene functional study. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system-mediated gene knockout has been applied in most plant species, including grapevine. However, CRISPR/dCas9 (deactivated Cas9)-based transcriptional activation is still unreported in fruit crops, although a few studies have been documented in Arabidopsis and rice. Here, we tested two transcriptional activators VP64 and TV for transcriptional activation of endogenous genes in grape. Both the dCas9-VP64 and dCas9-TV systems are efficient enough for transcriptional activation of the UDP-glucose flavonoid glycosyltransferases (UFGT) gene in grape cells. The effectiveness of the dCas9-VP64 system in UFGT activation was about 1.6- to 5.6-fold, while the efficiency of the dCas9-TV system was around 5.7- to 7.2-fold. Moreover, in grapevine plants, highly efficient activation of the cold-responsive transcription factor gene CBF4 was achieved by using the dCas9-TV system. The expression of CBF4 was increased 3.7- to 42.3-fold in transgenic plants. Compared with the wild-type plants, the CBF4-activated plants exhibited lower electrolyte leakage after cold treatment. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the dCas9-VP64 and dCas9-TV systems in gene activation in grape, which will facilitate application of transcriptional activation in this economically important species.
Multi-omics data integration provides insights into the post-harvest biology of a long shelf-life tomato landrace
Authors: Aiese Cigliano Riccardo , Aversano Riccardo , Di Matteo Antonio , Palombieri Samuela , Termolino Pasquale , Angelini Claudia , Bostan Hamed , Cammareri Maria , Consiglio Federica Maria , Della Ragione Floriana , Paparo Rosa , Valkov Vladimir Totev , Vitiello Antonella , Carputo Domenico , Chiusano Maria Luisa , D’Esposito Maurizio , Grandillo Silvana , Matarazzo Maria Rosaria , Frusciante Luigi , D’Agostino Nunzio , Conicella Clara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study we investigated the transcriptome and epigenome dynamics of the tomato fruit during post-harvest in a landrace belonging to a group of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) collectively known as “Piennolo del Vesuvio”, all characterized by a long shelf-life. Expression of protein-coding genes and microRNAs as well as DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications were analysed in distinct post-harvest phases. Multi-omics data integration contributed to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying processes leading to long shelf-life. We unveiled global changes in transcriptome and epigenome. DNA methylation increased and the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 was lost as the fruit progressed from red ripe to 150 days post-harvest. Thousands of genes were differentially expressed, about half of which were potentially epi-regulated as they were engaged in at least one epi-mark change in addition to being microRNA targets in ~5% of cases. Down-regulation of the ripening regulator MADS-RIN and of genes involved in ethylene response and cell wall degradation was consistent with the delayed fruit softening. Large-scale epigenome reprogramming that occurred in the fruit during post-harvest likely contributed to delayed fruit senescence.
The Cumulative Incidence of Pouchitis in Pediatric Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Cowherd Ellen , Egberg Matthew D , Kappelman Michael D , Zhang Xian , Long Millie D , Lightner Amy L , Sandler Robert S , Herfarth Hans H , Barnes Edward L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite highly effective therapies, many children develop medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) and undergo proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). We sought to determine the incidence, risk, and burden of pouchitis in the first 2 years following the final stage of IPAA in pediatric UC patients.

Methods
Within the IQVIA Legacy PharMetrics Adjudicated Claims Database, we identified pediatric patients with UC who underwent proctocolectomy with IPAA between January 1, 2007, and June 30, 2015. We utilized International Classification of Diseases–Ninth Revision–Clinical Modification or International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision–Clinical Modification codes to identify patients with UC and Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify colectomy and IPAA. Continuous variables were compared using t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum testing, while categorical variables were compared using chi-square testing.

Results
A total of 68 patients with an IPAA were identified. In the first 2 years following IPAA, the cumulative incidence of pouchitis was 54%. Patients with pouchitis required more outpatient visits in the first 2 years after IPAA (mean 21.8 vs 10.2; P = .006) and were more likely to be hospitalized compared with patients without pouchitis (46% vs 23%; P = .045). Patients with pouchitis also demonstrated higher mean total costs in year 1 and year 2 ($27 489 vs $8032 [P = .001] and $27 699 vs $6058 [P = .003], respectively).

Conclusions
Our findings confirm the high incidence of pouchitis demonstrated in earlier single-center studies of pediatric patients undergoing proctocolectomy with IPAA for UC. Identification of risk factors for pouchitis would be useful to optimize early intervention.