bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeo-Geophysical Investigation of Ife City Grand Resort Iron Smelting Site at Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Oni Ademakinwa George , Olorunfemi Martins Olusola , Ogunfolakan Benjamin Adisa , Okunubi Michael Olajide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ile-Ife in southwestern Nigeria is rich in art and craft traditions, most especially iron smelting. The town hosts hundreds of smelting sites with little or no archaeological record. Archaeo-geophysical prospection of a suspected smelting site in Ile-Ife involved the magnetic and electrical resistivity geophysical methods and archaeological excavation with the aim to identify its buried artefacts/features and date the site. The geophysical investigations located a circular/oval-shaped dipolar magnetic anomaly that coincided with a high resistivity zone, typical of a heat-impacted furnace or a slag trench. Iron slag, tuyere, fired clay furnace fragments, and charcoal were recovered from the pits excavated at the locations of the geophysical anomalies. Smelting activity at the site, from dated charcoal, took place at some point between the 13th-15th centuries AD, a middle to late age in Africa’s history of iron smelting. This study, therefore, validated the examined site as an ancient iron smelting site and situated its place in the archaeological history of iron smelting.
Review and new species of Donaciolagria Pic, 1914 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae), with a key, and an annotated checklist
Authors: Telnov Dmitry 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Donaciolagria Pic, 1914 is a small genus of colourful Lagriinae Latreille, 1825 (Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802) restricted to the southern Himalayas and montane systems of China, northern Indochina, as well as present in Taiwan. In the present paper the following five new species are described and illustrated, in addition to the 13 previously known valid taxa: Donaciolagria cupreoaurata sp. n. (China: Yunnan), D. evanescens sp. n. (China: Yunnan), D. mimica sp. n. (China: Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan), D. regia sp. n. (India: Arunachal Pradesh), and D. weigeli sp. n. (China: Yunnan). One new synonymy is proposed: Donaciolagria longipennis Pic, 1914 = D. longipennis var. jeanvoinei Pic, 1927 syn. n. A lectotype is designated for Donaciolagria longipennis var. jeanvoinei Pic, 1927. Donaciolagria basipes Pic, 1927 and D. pici Borchmann, 1936 are redescribed. A key to and a checklist of Donaciolagria species are presented, supplemented with new records and habitus images of several known species.
Shifting Identities in Modern Sindh: Bhil and Kohli Hindus of Khebar in the Shia Ismaili Muslim Community
Authors: Khwaja Mahek 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indo-Muslim history is hybrid. The Hindu Bhil and Kohli communities of Khebar, Sindh, are examples of this hybridity. Before Partition in 1947, when socio-cultural ambivalence was widespread, Bhils and Kohlis lived alongside Muslims. After Partition, the situation changed, and these communities suffered socio-economic isolation. Between 1964 and 1979, Bhils and Kohlis in Kebhar experienced three waves of da’wah (i.e., calling people to embrace Islam). In these waves, Ismaili missionaries targeted Patels (i.e., community headmen). In response, this group recognized the 49th Imam of Shia Ismaili Muslims as a manifestation of the dasa avatara from Hinduism. This article addresses what factors led to this recognition and how groups cross thresholds between Hinduism and Islam.
User Engagement With Mood-Related Content on the National Cancer Institute Smokefree.Gov Initiative Cessation Resources
Authors: Budenz Alexandra , Wiseman Kara P. , Keefe Brian , Prutzman Yvonne 
Published: February 2022

Aims This study aimed to examine engagement with mood-related content on the Smokefree.gov Initiative’s smoking cessation resources. Methods Smokefree.gov website analytics (July 2018–July 2019) were analyzed for user interactions with mood content on informational webpages and interactive self-assessment tools (mood quizzes, smoking quit plans). We also examined mood feature engagement (texting or pressing a command button for mood support) among text program and app users (July 2018–July 2019). Results Mood webpage views comprised 1.5% of all Smokefree.gov webpage views. Depression quizzes represented 82.9% of quiz completions, and stress quizzes represented 0.4% of quiz completions. Stress, anxiety, and low mood were the most reported smoking triggers on quit plans. Approximately 7,000 text program users and 3,000 app users sought real-time mood support. Conclusions Given the importance of mood management in the smoking cessation process these findings demonstrate promising opportunities to increase the reach of mood support resources.
Re-visiting the Armey Curve Hypothesis: An Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Jain Neha , Sinha Niharika 
Published: February 2022

The present study aims to examine the relationship between government size and economic growth in India for the period from 1961 to 2018. Additionally, as a novel contribution, the current study also attempts to examine the existence of Armey curve and estimate the threshold level of government size in India. The empirical estimation uses time series analysis and employs quadratic ordinary least squares (OLS) function and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to co-integration to examine the association between the variables. The result of the study confirms a long-run significant positive impact of government size on economic growth. The present study also finds the existence of Armey curve and supports the Armey curve hypothesis in India. There exists a positive impact of government size till the threshold level, and beyond the threshold level, the coefficient of economic growth tends to decrease. The estimated optimal government size is 11.89% for India; this shows that, currently, the government spends less than the optimum amount. It implies that India operates somewhere on the positive slope of the Armey curve, and there is a scope for the government to expand its size further. However, the findings of the study also suggest that a large size of the government can be harmful for the efficiency of economic growth; thus, adjusting the government at its optimum is crucial to the economy. JEL Classifications: B23, C01, C87, H11, H50, O47
Repeated dose budesonide/formoterol compared to salbutamol in adult asthma: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Kearns Nethmi , Bruce Pepa , Williams Mathew , Doppen Marjan , Black Melissa , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundOur objective was to determine the comparative bronchodilator, systemic β2-agonist, cardiovascular and adverse effects of salbutamol 200 µg and budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg when taken repeatedly in stable asthma.MethodsThis open-label, crossover, single-centre, controlled trial randomised adults with asthma to different orders of two treatment regimens: salbutamol 200 µgviametered-dose inhaler at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min, then salbutamol 2.5 mgvianebuliser at 120, 140, 160 and 420 min; or budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg one actuationviaTurbuhaler at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min, then two actuations at 120, 140, 160 and 420 min. The primary outcome measure was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after 180 min. Secondary outcomes included repeat measures of FEV1, serum potassium, heart rate and adverse eventsResultsOf 39 patients randomised, two withdrew due to adverse events (QTCFprolongation and T-wave abnormalities) after the first intervention with salbutamol. The mean±sdchange from baseline FEV1180 min after randomisation for salbutamol and budesonide/formoterol regimens was 0.71±0.46 L (n=38) and 0.58±0.45 L (n=37), respectively, with a mean±sdpaired difference of −0.10±0.40 L (n=37) and a model-based estimated difference of −0.12 (95% CI −0.25–0.02) L (p=0.088). In the main secondary analysis, salbutamol resulted in significantly greater FEV1from 30 to 240 min, but lesser FEV1at 360 and 420 min. Salbutamol resulted in a significantly lower serum potassium, and a higher heart rate and number of adverse events.ConclusionsThe comparative bronchodilator responses of repeated administration of salbutamol 200 µg and budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg differed depending on the time of measurement. Salbutamol caused greater systemic β2-agonist and cardiovascular effects and more adverse events.
The experiences of people with type 2 diabetes in communicating with general practitioners in China – a primary care focus group study
Authors: Yao Mi , Zhang Dong-ying , Fan Jie-ting , Lin Kai , Haroon Shamil , Jackson Dawn , Li Hai , Chen Wei , Cheng Kar Keung , Lehman Richard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
With the implementation of health care reforms in China, primary care is on a journey to provide care for most patients with type 2 diabetes. While Chinese general practitioners (GPs) have described challenges in communication with diabetes patients in their daily practice, little is known about patients’ experiences in communicating with their GPs.

Methods
Five focus groups (of 4–5 participants each) were used to explore views from patients with type 2 diabetes. Purposive sampling was used to recruit a spread of participants from general practices in Guangzhou city, China. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using the Framework Method.

Results
Ten males and 12 female patients from five general practices participated in focus group discussions, with a mean age of 57.3 years and 7.3 years of diabetes duration. Five main themes emerged: patients’ understanding about diabetes, diabetes medication, communication with GPs, physician-patient relationships, and healthcare systems and context. Patients generally searched for information on the internet, but they weren’t always sure if it was trustworthy. Several communication needs were described by diabetes patients, such as explanation of blood glucose monitoring, medication information support, communication in the risk of diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease, and language barriers. Communication was frequently brief and not tailored to their concerns, and some described being scolded or panicked by GPs. Participants acknowledged the pressures within the health system, such as short consultation times, an incoherent GP-hospital interface and high demand.

Conclusions
Key issues from the patients’ perspective for the development of primary care based management of diabetes in China were identified. People with type 2 diabetes require more access to trustworthy diabetes information and wish for better channels of communication with their GPs. Strategies may be required to improve GPs’ communication skills with their patients that also consider the context of the wider health system environment in China.
Inflammatory cloacogenic polyps in children: diagnostic yield of rectal retroflexion during colonoscopy
Authors: Kim You Ie , Joo Jung Yeon , Yang Hye Ran 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Inflammatory cloacogenic polyps (ICPs) are inflammatory lesions occurring around the anal transitional zone. These are rare in the pediatric population, and most reported cases are found in adults. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of rectal retroflexion (RR) during colonoscopy in detecting ICPs in children.

Methods
A total of 1837 colonoscopies were performed in 1278 children between September 2003 and August 2020 at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. The laboratory test results and colonoscopic and histopathological findings were retrospectively reviewed. ICP was detected using the RR and was diagnosed based on the histologic findings of the polyp.

Results
A total of 69 patients were diagnosed with juvenile polyps (n = 62) or ICP (n = 7), with the latter being detected through RR. All children with ICP were diagnosed from 2013 onwards when RR during colonoscopy came to be routinely performed in our medical center. The patients with ICP were older at diagnosis and more associated with a family history of colorectal polyps than JP. Stool occult blood and the polyps’ endoscopic characteristics, such as number, location, volume, and shape, significantly varied between the two groups. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in the polypectomy method. During the long-term follow-up, there was no recurrence of ICP.

Conclusions
Due to their location at the anorectal junction, ICPs may be overlooked during colonoscopy, leading to misdiagnosis. Therefore, a retroflexion view during colonoscopy may help detect ICPs in pediatric patients, especially those presenting with hematochezia.
Immunovirological discordance among female sex workers who start antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bazié Wilfried Wenceslas , Somé Diane Yirgnur , Traoré Isidore Tiandiogo , Sanon Anselme , Konaté Issouf , Tassembedo Souleymane , Taofiki Ajani Ousmane , Kania Dramane , Ouédraogo Abdoulaye , Vuylsteke Bea , Gilbert Caroline , Meda Nicolas , Ouédraogo Abdoul Salam , Nagot Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to sustained effective suppression of viral replication and increasing CD4 + T cell count. However, a fraction of ART-treated patients still fail to reach adequate CD4 + T cell number despite a suppressed viral load (VL), and this phenomenon is defined as immunovirological discordance (IVD). In Africa, several studies have reported immunovirological outcomes of antiretroviral therapy, but little is known about IVD occurrence in Female sex workers (FSW). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IVD and associated factors among a cohort of HIV infected FSW in Burkina Faso.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study from December 2003 to October 2016. Immunovirological discordance was defined as CD4 + T cell gain < 100 cells/µL despite a suppressed VL (VL < 1000 copies/mL) 12 months after ART initiation. The CD4 + T cells were counted using BD FACSCount™ System and point of care Pima™ CD4 + Analyzer. HIV-1 RNA was quantified by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction assay with the use of the ABI 7000 system. We conducted a logistic regression to identify factors associated with discordant responses.

Results
Among the 123 HIV-1 infected FSW having at least 12 months follow-up on ART, 105 (85.4%) achieved HIV-1 RNA suppression. Among the latter 25 gained less than 100 CD4 + T cells within 12 months follow-up. The IVD rate was 23.8% (95%CI 16.04%–33.11%). After adjustment for age, WHO clinical stage and ART regimen including nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, only baseline CD4 + T cell count between 200 to 350 cells/µL (adjusted OR: 4.15; 95%CI 1.13–15.22) and 350 to 500 cells/µL (adjusted OR: 17.50; 95%CI 2.68–114.31) remain significantly associated with IVD occurrence.

Conclusions
Immunovirological discordance response was common in FSW with proportions close to those observed in the general population. A diagnosis and personalized follow-up of patients who do not achieve full immune reconstitution would make it possible to avoid complications in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Uncovering potential genes in colorectal cancer based on integrated and DNA methylation analysis in the gene expression omnibus database
Authors: Wang Guanglin , Wang Feifei , Meng Zesong , Wang Na , Zhou Chaoxi , Zhang Juan , Zhao Lianmei , Wang Guiying , Shan Baoen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is major cancer-related death. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes, contributing to explore the molecular mechanism of CRC.

Methods
Firstly, the data of gene transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylation expression were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Secondly, functional analysis of differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Thirdly, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and in vitro experiment was used to validate the expression of selected differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes. Finally, diagnosis and prognosis analysis of selected differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes was performed.

Results
Up to 1958 differentially expressed (1025 up-regulated and 993 down-regulated) genes and 858 differentially methylated (800 hypermethylated and 58 hypomethylated) genes were identified. Interestingly, some genes, such as GFRA2 and MDFI, were differentially expressed-methylated genes. Purine metabolism (involved IMPDH1), cell adhesion molecules and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were significantly enriched signaling pathways. GFRA2, FOXQ1, CDH3, CLDN1, SCGN, BEST4, CXCL12, CA7, SHMT2, TRIP13, MDFI and IMPDH1 had a diagnostic value for CRC. In addition, BEST4, SHMT2 and TRIP13 were significantly associated with patients’ survival.

Conclusions
The identified altered genes may be involved in tumorigenesis of CRC. In addition, BEST4, SHMT2 and TRIP13 may be considered as diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers for CRC patients.
Physical (in)activity, and its predictors, among Brazilian adolescents: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Gomes Thayse Natacha , Thuany Mabliny , dos Santos Fernanda Karina , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is a multifactorial trait, determined by both individual and environmental characteristics, it seems relevant to understand the determinants related to youth guidelines accomplishment. The present study aimed to verify the differences between the Brazilian federative units regarding to the prevalence of youth physical activity guidelines accomplishment and to investigate the determinants related to the inter-individual differences in this accomplishment.

Methods
Sample comes from the 2015 Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE), comprising 99,570 adolescents (51,527 girls, 13-17y), enrolled in 3039 schools. Adolescents reported the time they spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, and they were categorized as active or inactive, if the guidelines were achieved, or not, respectively, and multilevel statistical analyses were used, including both child and school-level variables. Multilevel Binomial model was computed in the SuperMix software.

Results
The majority of the adolescents did not comply with the physical activity guidelines daily, where Bahian children complied the least, while those from Amazonas, Tocantins, and Mato Grosso do Sul complied the most. Boys (OR: 2.305; 95%CI: 2.277-2.334), older adolescents (OR: 1.044; 95%CI: 1.036-1.051), and those who spent more time in active travelling to/from school (OR: 1.001; 95%CI: 1.001-1.001) complied more the physical activity guidelines. At the school level, adolescents from larger schools (OR: 0.957; 95%CI: 0.928-0.986) tended to comply less with the guidelines.

Conclusion
Significant differences between Brazilian federative units in youth daily physical activity guidelines compliance were observed, highlighting the role of individual but also environmental constraints in the Brazilian adolescents’ engagement in physical activity.
The economic and health burden of stroke among younger adults in Australia from a societal perspective
Authors: Tan Elise , Gao Lan , Collier Janice M. , Ellery Fiona , Dewey Helen M. , Bernhardt Julie ,   The AVERT Trial Collaboration Group, Moodie Marj 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To estimate the short term (5 years) and long term (30 years) economic burden of stroke among younger adults (18–64 years), and to calculate the loss of health-related quality of life in these individuals, in Australia.

Methods
A Markov microsimulation model was built to simulate incidence of stroke among younger adults in Australia. Younger adults with stroke commenced in the model via health states defined by the modified Rankin Scale at 12 months from the AVERT study (A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial), and transitioned through these health states. Costs in Australian dollars (AUD) were measured from a societal perspective for a 2018 reference year and categorised into medical, non-medical and indirect costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness around the cost of illness estimates. The loss of health-related quality of life due to stroke among younger adults was calculated by determining the difference in estimated quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between the stroke population and the general population. This was determined by multiplying the predicted remaining life years for the modelled stroke cohort and the age-matched general population, by their corresponding age-dependent utilities.

Results
The economic burden of stroke among younger adults was estimated to be AUD2.0 billion over 5 years, corresponding to a mean of $149,180 per stroke patient. Over 30 years, the economic impact was AUD3.4 billion, equating to a mean of $249,780 per case. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses revealed a mean cost per patient of $153,410 in the short term, and a mean cost per patient of $273,496 in the long term. Compared to the age-matched general population, younger adults with stroke experienced a loss of 4.58 life years and 9.21 QALYs.

Conclusions
The results of our study suggests high economic and health burden of stroke among younger adults and highlights the need for preventive interventions targeting this age group.

Trial registration
ACTRN12606000185561, retrospectively registered.
Cases of intervention refusal encountered by public health nurses in Japan and characteristics of their support– qualitative analysis of described mother-child and elderly cases
Authors: Okamoto Reiko , Kiya Misaki , Koide Keiko , Tanaka Miho , Kageyama Masako 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of the cases and the characteristics of support, focusing on mothers and their children, and elderly persons among the cases of intervention refusal encountered by public health nurses (PHNs) in Japan.

Methods
The data were descriptions of intervention refusal cases that were freely described by PHNs working for prefectural and municipal governments in questionnaire surveys nationwide. The characteristics of the cases and the support were categorized according to the situation of the case, and the number of descriptions was summarized and interpreted.

Results
The results revealed that interventions involving mothers and children were refused in most of by mother or parents. The refusals were related to child abuse, parental mental illness, obsessiveness, and complex backgrounds. The actual status of intervention refusal in elderly persons, interventions are frequently refused by elderly persons themselves in the case of self-neglect and by family members living with the elderly in the case of abuse. The refusals were related to mental disorders or dementia and living alone. In both cases, PHNs provided support in collaboration with multi-disciplinary and multi-agencies, and attempts were made to alleviate the situation of refusal to intervene, from detecting cases through contact during home visits and in other settings, and by coordinating with appropriate team members as required.

Conclusions
It is suggested that PHNs need to acquire practical skills depending on the characteristics of the case to cope with critical situations throughout the process of engagement.