bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracranial arteriovenous malformations demonstrate dysregulated TGF-β/BMP signaling and increased circulating TGF-β1
Authors: Wei Ting , Richter Gresham T. , Zhang Haihong , Sun Ravi W. , Smith Conor H. , Strub Graham M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by anomalous arterial-to-venous connections, aberrant angiogenesis, local inflammation and hypoxia, and disorganized histological architecture; however, the precise molecular perturbations leading to this phenotype remain elusive. We hypothesized that extracranial AVM tissue would demonstrate deregulation of the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential target in the development of molecular-based therapies for AVMs. AVM tissue was harvested during resection from 10 patients with AVMs and compared to control tissue. Blood was collected from 14 AVM patients and 10 patients without AVMs as controls. Expression of TGF-β/BMP pathway components was analyzed using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Circulating levels of TGF-β1 were analyzed by ELISA. Paired t tests were utilized to perform statistical analysis. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, ALK1, Endoglin (ENG), Smad6, Smad7, and Smad8 were significantly elevated in AVM tissue when compared to controls. Protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were elevated in AVM tissue while protein levels of BMP-9, ALK1, Smad1, Smad6, and Smad8 were significantly decreased in AVMs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased TGF-β1 in the perivascular cells of AVMs compared to normal controls, and circulating levels of TGF-β1 were significantly higher in AVM patients. Patients with AVMs demonstrate aberrant TGF-β/BMP expression in AVM tissue and blood compared to controls. Targeting aberrantly expressed components of the TGF-β/BMP pathway in extracranial AVMs may be a viable approach in the development of novel molecular therapies, and monitoring circulating TGF-β1 levels may be a useful indicator of treatment success.
Small-scale fisheries contribution to food and nutrition security—a case study from Norway
Authors: Kjellevold Marian , Kuhnle Grethe Aa. , Iversen Svein A. , Markhus Maria W. , Mancha-Cisneros Maria del Mar , Gorelli Giulia , Nedreaas Kjell 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Nordic food systems have not been able to reduce the negative development of non-communicable nutrition-related diseases. A shift from a terrestrial animal-based diet toward aquatic foods may enhance the quality of the overall diet and at the same time contribute to climate change mitigation. The aim of the present study is to quantify catches from the Norwegian small-scale fisheries (SSF), compare the catches to recommended dietary intakes, and assess the potential contribution of SSF to local food and nutrition security (FNS). The Norwegian SSF catches are landed in Norway, and thus highly accessible in times of crisis. Here we show that the Norwegian SSF can provide a population of 5 million people with 1–2 portions of seafood weekly (360 g), corresponding to ~70–96% of the recommended intake/person/year of the key nutrients such as vitamin B12, iodine, and the n-3 long-chained poly-unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. These findings provide a basis for policymakers on the potential of the SSF to substantially contribute to national FNS. We call for a more offensive policy where fish as a source of essential micronutrients are implemented in food-based dietary guidelines as an alternative to supplement and fortify other foods.
Beyond Speech Intelligibility: Quantifying Behavioral and Perceived Listening Effort in Response to Dysarthric Speech
Authors: Fletcher Annalise R. , Wisler Alan A. , Gruver Emily R. , Borrie Stephanie A. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
This study investigated whether listener processing of dysarthric speech requires the recruitment of more cognitive resources (i.e., higher levels of listening effort) than neurotypical speech. We also explored relationships between behavioral listening effort, perceived listening effort, and objective measures of word transcription accuracy.

Method:
A word recall paradigm was used to index behavioral listening effort. The primary task involved word transcription, whereas a memory task involved recalling words from previous sentences. Nineteen listeners completed the paradigm twice, once while transcribing dysarthric speech and once while transcribing neurotypical speech. Perceived listening effort was rated using a visual analog scale.

Results:
Results revealed significant effects of dysarthria on the likelihood of correct word recall, indicating that the transcription of dysarthric speech required higher levels of behavioral listening effort relative to neurotypical speech. There was also a significant relationship between transcription accuracy and measures of behavioral listening effort, such that listeners who were more accurate in understanding dysarthric speech exhibited smaller changes in word recall when listening to dysarthria. The subjective measure of perceived listening effort did not have a statistically significant correlation with measures of behavioral listening effort or transcription accuracy.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that cognitive resources, particularly listeners' working memory capacity, are more taxed when deciphering dysarthric versus neurotypical speech. An increased demand on these resources may affect a listener's ability to remember aspects of their conversations with people with dysarthria, even when the speaker is fully intelligible.
The performance analysis of the low‐speed direct‐drive generators for harvesting current energy
Authors: Chen Po‐Yu , Lee Kung‐Yen , Huang Po‐Chun , Li Jia‐Han , Chiu Forng‐Chen , Tsai Jing‐Fa , Hsu Shu‐Ting 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe simulations and experiments for two 400 W low‐speed direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) installed in a Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT) were implemented. The towing tank experiments were carried out at National Taiwan University. A generator can start to harvest current energy at the rotation speed of 30 rpm (corresponding to the current flow rate of 0.36 m/s), and produce the rated power of 400 W at 150 rpm. The speed is very low compared with the published reports. The energy conversion efficiency of the FKT is up to 0.85. The results show that the generated direct current (DC) power is more than 800 W at a flow rate of 1.5 m/s. The power coefficient for the FKT is about 0.4. The energy loss at each stage and the power difference between the testing platform and the towing tank experiment were also analyzed. Moreover, the shape of the FKT is a new design. Compared with other structures, the proposed FKT can easily follow the direction of the ocean current and the depth of the FKT can be adjustable; when it doesn’t operate, it will float on the surface so that it is easy for maintenance.
Modelling of the scandium abundance evolution in AmFm stars
Authors: Hui-Bon-Hoa A. , Alecian G. , LeBlanc F. 
Published: October 2022

Context. Scandium is a key element of the Am star phenomenon since its surface under-abundance is one of the criteria that characterise such stars. Thanks to the availability of a sufficiently complete set of theoretical atomic data for this element, reliable radiative accelerations for Sc can now be computed, which allows its behaviour under the action of atomic diffusion to be modelled.
Aims. We explore the required conditions, in terms of mixing processes or mass loss, for our models to reproduce the observed surface abundances of Sc in Am stars.
Methods. The models are computed with the Toulouse-Geneva evolution code, which uses the parametric single-valued parameter method for the calculation of radiative accelerations. Fingering mixing is included, using a prescription that comes from 3D hydrodynamical simulations. Other parameter-dependent turbulent mixing processes are also considered. A global mass loss is also implemented.
Results. When no mass loss is considered, the observed abundances of Sc are rather in favour of the models whose superficial layers are fully mixed down to the iron accumulation zone, although other mixing prescriptions are also able to reproduce the observations for the most massive model presented here (2.0 M⊙). The models including mass loss with rates in the range of [10−13; 10−14] M⊙ yr−1 are compatible with some of the observations, while other observations suggest that the mass-loss rate could be lower. The constraints brought by the modelling of Sc are consistent with those derived using other chemical elements.
Erhalt des koronaren Zugangs nach TAVI – neue Techniken und Ansätze
Authors: Afzal Shazia , Klein Kathrin , Zeus Tobias 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Aortenklappenstenose geht häufig mit einer koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) einher. Der optimale Zeitpunkt der Koronarintervention ist unklar und wird in prospektiven randomisierten
Studien untersucht. Mit der Indikationsausweitung der kathetergestützten Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI) auf Patienten mit intermediärem und niedrigen Operationsrisiko sinkt das
Durchschnittsalter des Behandlungskollektivs. Bei TAVI-Prozeduren besteht altersunabhängig das Risiko einer akuten Koronarobstruktion. Risikofaktoren für diese seltene Komplikation können in
der präprozeduralen Computertomografie (CT) detektiert und eine Präventionsstrategie kann geplant werden. Neben der möglicherweise bereits vorhandenen KHK ist insbesondere bei jüngeren
TAVI-Patienten mit der Ausbildung einer KHK in den Folgejahren zu rechnen. Diesbezüglich ist der Erhalt eines sicheren Koronarzugangs im Sinne eines medizinisch sinnvollen Lifetime
Managements wichtig. Drei Elemente greifen hier ineinander:
Orale Antikoagulation nach Klappeneingriffen – Was ist der Standard?
Authors: Stark Konstantin , Massberg Steffen 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungNach interventionellen Eingriffen an der Aortenklappe oder den atrioventrikulären (AV) Klappen (u. a. TAVI, M-TEER, T-TEER) wird prinzipiell eine antithrombotische Therapie empfohlen. Dabei
muss differenziert werden zwischen Patienten, für die unabhängig vom Klappeneingriff eine Indikation zur oralen Antikoagulation (OAC) besteht, meist aufgrund von Vorhofflimmern (AF), und
Patienten ohne OAC-Indikation. Mehrere randomisierte Studien konnten zeigen, dass bei AF-Patienten, die eine TAVI erhalten, eine Fortführung der OAC (Vitamin-K-Antagonisten oder NOAC) als
Monotherapie einer dualen Therapie, bestehend aus OAC plus zusätzliche Thrombozyteninhibition, überlegen ist. Andererseits ist bei TAVI-Patienten ohne vorbestehende OAC-Indikation eine
ASS-Monotherapie als postinterventionelle antithrombotische Therapie zu empfehlen. Nach segelbasierter (Edge-to-Edge) Rekonstruktion der Mitral- und Trikuspidalklappe wird bei bestehender
OAC-Indikation eine Fortsetzung der Antikoagulation empfohlen, ansonsten ASS dauerhaft mit Clopidogrel für 1–3 Monate. Die optimale antithrombotische Therapie im Kontext interventioneller
Eingriffe an den AV-Klappen ist jedoch bislang nicht in größeren randomisierten Studien untersucht.
Kardioprotektive und pleiotrope Effekte von Coenzym
Q10
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Schniertshauer Daniel , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Bergemann Jörg 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungCoenzym Q10 ist ein ubiquitäres endogenes Chinon-Derivat, das in den
biologischen Membranen der Körperzellen und als antioxidative Komponente
in zirkulierenden Lipoproteinen vorkommt. Das Vitaminoid spielt eine wichtige
Rolle bei der Energieproduktion in den Mitochondrien. Eine unzureichende
Versorgung mit Coenzym Q10, wie sie bei Erkrankungen mit oxidativem Stress
häufig vorkommt, ist mit einer allgemeinen Abnahme der psychischen und
physischen Leistungsfähigkeit verbunden. Coenzym Q10 und seine
reduzierte Form Ubiquinol haben sich mittlerweile in der Prävention und
Therapie einer Vielzahl von Erkrankungen klinisch bewährt.
Development of a Mobile-Based Self-care Application for Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema in Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Maryam , Shahrokhi Seyedeh Nafiseh , Khavaninzadeh Morteza , Alipour Jahanpour 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Due to the chronic, progressive, and debilitating nature of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), it is necessary to observe and maintain self-care management accordingly. This study was conducted to develop a mobile application based on the Android operating system for self-care management of Iranian patients with BCRL.
Methods An applied developmental study was conducted in 2020. The users' information needs assessment as well as design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the mobile app for self-care management of patients with BCRL was done by searching the literature, reviewing the existing mobile applications, and surveying the users' needs. The mobile app was designed using the Android Studio environment and Java programming language in the Android operating system. The usability of the app was evaluated by 30 patients with BCRL using the questionnaire for user interface satisfaction-seventh version (QUIS 7).
Results The mobile app for BCRL included demographic information, clinical information, lifestyle and system functions (drug use, nutrition, exercise, smoking cessation, communication, and test time reminder). User usability evaluation of the app content and functions confirmed that it was appropriate and satisfactory for the self-management of women with BCRL.
Conclusion The mobile app was appropriate in terms of the content, function, and quality for improving the patients' lifestyle and education and self-management of BCRL symptoms according to its usability evaluation from the end-users' (patients) perspective. It is suggested that studies should be performed to confirm the effectiveness and identify the clinical significance of the app.
Port-city symbiosis and uneven development: a critical essay on forestry exports and maritime trade from Coronel, Chile
Authors: Cuevas Valenzuela Hernán , Torres-Salinas Robinson , Grosser Günter , Félez-Bernal Jorge , Budrovich Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores the concept of port-city territory symbiosis in combination with social and environmental impacts of logistics, port handling, and the global value chains (GVC) of forestry products. Based on fieldwork and a mixed method approach, our analyses of the port-city of Coronel, its forestry hinterland, the port company PuertoCoronel, and the pulp mill MAPA, illustrate a more general pattern of uneven economic, social and spatial development. While forestry and port companies improve and modernize their processes and facilities, the city of Coronel and its territories seem to be left behind. As this case study shows, symbiosis makes an exciting contribution to the study of port-city-territories, if one expands the latter to include its connections to other territories upstream of the GVC, and conceives them as an integral part of the global economy. Additionally, our analysis challenges the concept of symbiosis by providing a critical twist to include phenomena such as environmental injustices and asymmetric relations between companies and local communities and their territories.
Morphological analyses support recognition of three new threatened species of bracteate–prostrate
Authors: Meudt Heidi M. , Prebble Jessica M. 
Published: October 2022

Statistical analyses of two morphological datasets, including 190 newly measured specimens, showed that individuals of Myosotis (Boraginaceae) from Te Waipounamu / South Island, Aotearoa, New Zealand, identified a priori with three different informal tag names, belong to the bracteate–prostrate group, are morphologically distinct from each other and from other species, and merit scientific description. Myosotis hikuwai Meudt, Prebble & G.M.Rogers is known from one location near Wānaka (Otago), has an unusual erect, spring annual habit, and is most similar to M. brevis and M. glauca, with which it is sympatric. Myosotis venticola Meudt & Prebble comprises plants that were sometimes previously identified as M. cheesemanii from certain ranges in Otago and southern Canterbury, but with retrorse trichomes present on the abaxial and adaxial side of the rosette leaves. Myosotis ultramafica Meudt, Prebble & Rance comprises individuals from ultramafic sites in certain ranges in Southland, and is most similar to M. cheesemanii and M. lyallii. We recommend that all three new species are listed as Threatened under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. In addition to descriptions and illustrations, the three new species are also included in a revised key to the nineteen species of southern hemisphere bracteate–prostrate Myosotis.
Scaling infrared detectors—status and outlook
Authors: Rogalski A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The predicted ‘Law 19’ benchmark for HgCdTe photodiode performance established in 2019 is a milestone in the development of infrared (IR) detectors and make the dream of Elliott and colleagues, who in 1999 wrote that there is no fundamental obstacle to obtaining room temperature operation of photon detectors at room temperature with background-limited performance even in reduced fields of view (Elliott et al 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 2881). This circumstance will make it possible to achieve in the near future the room-temperature IR arrays operation with high pixel density (small pixels) fully compatible with the background and diffraction-limited performance resulting from the system optics. The advent of smaller pixels also results in superior spatial and temperature resolutions of imaging systems. In megapixel imaging systems, the pixel dimension plays a crucial role in determining critical system attributes such as system size, weight, and power consumption. In the paper, the physical limitations of pixel size related to the aperture of the optics, which in turn is wavelength dependent, are described. Since the critical parameter of small pixels is quantum efficiency, more attention has been paid to enhancing the coupling of radiation to the detector. Then, the evaluation for assessing the figure-of-merit of different material systems (especially short wavelength IR colloidal quantum dots, both medium and long wavelength IR novel III–V material systems) relative to bulk HgCdTe alloys is considered. Of the various thermal detectors, particular attention has been focussed on bolometer arrays due to their largest share of the global commercial market. Also key challenges in realizing ultimate pixel dimensions in focal plane arrays design are presented for different material systems including dark current, pixel hybridization, pixel delineation, and unit cell readout capacity.
Flavour specific neutrino self-interaction: H
0 tension and IceCube
Authors: Mazumdar Arindam , Mohanty Subhendra , Parashari Priyank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Self-interaction in the active neutrinos is studied in the literature to alleviate the
H_0 tension. Similar self-interaction can also explain the observed dips in the flux of the
neutrinos coming from the distant astro-physical sources in IceCube detectors. In contrast to the
flavour universal neutrino interaction considered for solving the H
0 tension, which is ruled
out from particle physics experiments, we consider flavour specific neutrino interactions. We
show that the values of self-interaction coupling constant and mediator mass required for
explaining the IceCube dips are inconsistent with the strong neutrino self-interactions preferred
by the combination of BAO, HST and Planck data. However, the required amount of self-interaction
between tau neutrinos (ντ
) in inverted hierarchy for explaining IceCube dips is consistent
with the moderate self-interaction region of cosmological bounds at 1-σ level. For the case
of other interactions and hierarchies, the IceCube preferred amount of self-interaction is consistent
with moderate self-interaction region of cosmological bounds at 2-σ level only.
Primordial clocks within stochastic gravitational wave anisotropies
Authors: Bodas Arushi , Sundrum Raman 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA first order phase transition in the early universe can give an observable stochastic gravitational background (SGWB), which will necessarily have primordial anisotropies across the sky. In multi-field inflationary scenarios, these anisotropies may have a significant isocurvature component very different from adiabatic fluctuations, providing an alternate discovery channel for high energy physics at inflationary scales. Here, we consider classically oscillating heavy fields during inflation that can imprint distinctive scale-invariance-breaking features in the power spectrum of primordial anisotropies. While such features are highly constrained in the cosmic microwave background, we show that their amplitude can be observably large in isocurvature SGWB, despite both probing a similar period of inflation. Measuring SGWB multipoles at the required level, ℓ ∼ 𝒪(10-100), will be technologically challenging. However, we expect that early detection of a strong isotropic SGWB, and the guarantee of anisotropies, would spur development of next generation detectors with sufficient sensitivity, angular resolution, and foreground discrimination.
Scalar induced gravitational waves from primordial black hole Poisson fluctuations in f(R) gravity
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Tzerefos Charalampos , Basilakos Spyros , Saridakis Emmanuel N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The gravitational potential of a gas of initially randomly distributed primordial black
holes (PBH) can induce a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background through second-order
gravitational effects. This GW background can be abundantly generated in a cosmic era dominated by
ultralight primordial black holes, with masses m
PBH < 109g. In this work, we
consider f(R) gravity as the underlying gravitational theory and we study its effect at the
level of the gravitational potential of Poisson distributed primordial black holes. After a
general analysis, we focus on the R
2 gravity model. In particular, by requiring that the scalar
induced GWs (SIGWs) are not overproduced, we find an upper bound on the abundance of PBHs at
formation time ΩPBH,f as a function of their mass, namely that
ΩPBH,f < 5.5 × 10-5 (109g/m
PBH)1/4,
which is 45% tighter than the respective upper bound in general relativity. Afterwards, by
considering R
2 gravity as an illustrative case study of an f(R) gravity model, we also set
upper bound constraints on its mass parameter M. These mass parameter constraints, however,
should not be regarded as physical given the fact that the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
constraints on R
2 gravity are quite tight. Finally, we conclude that the portal of SIGWs
associated to PBH Poisson fluctuations can act as a novel complementary probe to constrain
alternative gravity theories.
From Solar System to Exoplanets: What can we learn from Planetary Spectroscopy?
Authors: Encrenaz Therese 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to address the question: Using our knowledge of infrared planetary spectroscopy, what can we learn about the atmospheres of exoplanets? In a first part, a simplified classification of exoplanets, assuming thermochemical equilibrium, is presented, based on their masses and their equilibrium temperatures, in order to propose some possible estimations about their atmospheric composition. In the second part, infrared spectra of planets are discussed, in order to see what lessons can be drawn for exoplanetary spectroscopy. In the last part, we consider the solar system as it would appear from a star located in the ecliptic plane. It first appears that the solar system (except in a few specific cases) would not be seen as a multiple system, because, contrary to many exoplanetary systems, the planets are too far from the Sun and the inclinations of their orbits with respect to the ecliptic plane are too high. Primary transit synthetic spectra of solar system planets are used to discuss the relative merits of transmission and direct emission spectroscopy for probing exoplanetary atmospheres.