bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Safety Outcomes With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 1 Diabetes: A Real-World Study
Authors: Edwards Khary , Li Xilong , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used off-label in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in real-world practice as adjuvant therapies to insulin. There are few real-world data regarding efficacy and safety of this practice.ObjectiveThis work aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs and sodium-glucose SGLT2is in the management of T1DM in real-world practice.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all instances of GLP-1RA and/or SGLT2i use greater than 90 days in adult patients with T1DM at a single academic center. We report the clinical and safety outcomes over the duration of use.ResultsWe identified 104 patients with T1DM who ever used a GLP-1RA (76 patients) or SGLT2i (39 patients) for more than 90 days. After 1 year of therapy, GLP-1RA users had statistically significant reductions in weight (90.5 kg to 85.4 kg; P &lt; .001), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (7.7% to 7.3%; P = .007), and total daily dose of insulin (61.8 units to 41.9 units; P &lt; .001). SGLT2i users had statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (7.9% to 7.3%; P &lt; .001) and basal insulin (31.3 units to 25.6 units; P = .003). GLP-1RA users compared to SGLT2i users had greater reduction in weight (P = .027) while HbA1c reduction was comparable between the groups. Over a mean total duration of use of 29.5 months/patient for both groups, more SGLT2i users experienced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (12.8% vs 3.9%). Therapy was discontinued because of adverse events 26.9% of the time for GLP-1RA users vs 27.7% for SGLT2i users.ConclusionGLP-1RA and SGLT2i use in T1DM is associated with clinically relevant benefits. DKA remains a clinical concern with SGLT2i use, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring, with the risk to benefit ratio of treatment evaluated at an individual level.
Subsets of leg proprioceptors influence leg kinematics but not interleg coordination in Drosophila melanogaster walking
Authors: Chockley Alexander S. , Dinges Gesa F. , Di Cristina Giulia , Ratican Sara , Bockemühl Till , Büschges Ansgar 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Legged locomotion in terrestrial animals is often essential for mating and survival, and locomotor behavior must be robust and adaptable to be successful. This adaptability is largely provided by proprioceptors monitoring positions and movements of body parts and providing feedback to other components of locomotor networks. In insects, proprioceptive chordotonal organs span joints and encode parameters of relative movement between segments. Previous studies have used whole-organ ablation, reduced preparations or broad physiological manipulations to impair the function of the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO), which monitors the femur–tibia joint, and have demonstrated its contribution to interleg coordination and walking behavior. The fCO in Drosophila melanogaster comprises groups of neurons that differ in their morphology and encoding properties (club, hook, claw); sub-population-level manipulations of fCO function have not been methodologically accessible. Here, we took advantage of the genetic toolkit available in D. melanogaster to identify sub-populations of fCO neurons and used transient optogenetic inhibition to investigate their roles in locomotor coordination. Our findings demonstrate that optogenetic inhibition of a subset of club and hook neurons replicates the effects of inhibiting the whole fCO; when inhibited alone, however, the individual subset types did not strongly affect spatial aspects of single-leg kinematics. Moreover, fCO subsets seem to play only a minor role in interleg temporal coordination. Thus, the fCO contains functionally distinct subgroups, and this functional classification may differ from those based on anatomy and encoding properties; this should be investigated in future studies of proprioceptors and their involvement in locomotor networks.
Exploring the limits to turning performance with size and shape variation in dogs
Authors: Haagensen Tina , Gaschk Joshua L. , Schultz Johanna T. , Clemente Christofer J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Manoeuvrability, the ability to make rapid changes in direction, is central to animal locomotion. Turning performance may depend on the ability to successfully complete key challenges including: withstanding additional lateral forces, maintaining sufficient friction, lateral leaning during a turn and rotating the body to align with the new heading. We filmed high-speed turning in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) to quantify turning performance and explore how performance varies with body size and shape. Maximal speed decreased with higher angular velocity, greater centripetal acceleration and smaller turning radii, supporting a force limit for wider turns and a friction limit for sharp turns. Variation in turning ability with size was complex: medium sized dogs produced greater centripetal forces, had relatively higher friction coefficients, and generally aligned the body better with the heading compared with smaller and larger bodied dogs. Body shape also had a complex pattern, with longer forelimbs but shorter hindlimbs being associated with better turning ability. Further, although more crouched forelimbs were associated with an increased ability to realign the body in the direction of movement, more upright hindlimbs were related to greater centripetal and tangential accelerations. Thus, we demonstrate that these biomechanical challenges to turning can vary not only with changes in speed or turning radius, but also with changes in morphology. These results will have significant implications for understanding the link between form and function in locomotory studies, but also in predicting the outcome of predator–prey encounters.
Metabolic rate increases with acclimation temperature and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback
Authors: Cominassi Louise , Ressel Kirsten N. , Brooking Allison A. , Marbacher Patrick , Ransdell-Green Eleanor C. , O'Brien Kristin M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The metabolic rate (ṀO2) of eurythermal fishes changes in response to temperature, yet it is unclear how changes in mitochondrial function contribute to changes in ṀO2. We hypothesized that ṀO2 would increase with acclimation temperature in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in parallel with metabolic remodeling at the cellular level but that changes in metabolism in some tissues, such as liver, would contribute more to changes in ṀO2 than others. Threespine stickleback were acclimated to 5, 12 and 20°C for 7 to 21 weeks. At each temperature, standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR, respectively), and absolute aerobic scope (AAS) were quantified, along with mitochondrial respiration rates in liver, oxidative skeletal and cardiac muscles, and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. SMR, MMR and AAS increased with acclimation temperature, along with rates of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration in all tissues. Low SMR and MMR at 5°C were associated with low or undetectable rates of mitochondrial complex II activity and a greater reliance on complex I activity in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle and heart. SMR was positively correlated with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver and oxidative muscle, but not mitochondrial proton leak, whereas MMR was positively correlated with CCO activity in liver. Overall, the results suggest that changes in ṀO2 in response to temperature are driven by changes in some aspects of mitochondrial function in some, but not all, tissues of threespine stickleback.
Epidemiology of pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach areas and populations: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Isaiah Phyllis Munyiva , Palmeirim Marta Sólveig , Steinmann Peter 
Published: October 2022

Background: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects millions of people. Children are the most vulnerable group to developing overt disease. An estimated 779 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis and 50 million preschool-age children (PSAC) need treatment. PSAC are not currently targeted by national chemotherapy campaigns due to a lack of suitable pediatric formulations of praziquantel. The Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium has developed an orally dispersible praziquantel formulation (arpraziquantel) and is facilitating its adoption for schistosomiasis control by endemic countries through the ADOPT program – an implementation research program that paves the way for the large-scale delivery of the child-friendly formulation to treat schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children in endemic countries. A key challenge for comprehensive NTD control including schistosomiasis is reaching all at-risk populations, including those hard to reach. Main access barriers include geographic, social and economic conditions. Objective: This scoping literature review aims to document the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in children under 6 years of age living in hard-to-reach areas and populations. Methods: This review will adopt the five-stage scoping review process of identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting data and collating, summarizing and reporting results. Electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), LILACS and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) will be searched for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen identified articles using a two-stage approach of reviewing the title/abstract and then the full text of provisionally retained articles. Relevant literatures will be downloaded into EndNote X9 to maintain and manage citation and facilitate the overall review process. A meta-analysis will be conducted if indicated. Relevance: The results will provide insights into the burden of schistosomiasis among marginalized PSAC, aiming to produce evidence on the need for inclusion of this population when designing the expansion of preventive chemotherapy programs.
Optimising the reprocessing of endoscopes for patient safety
Authors: Arora Anjali , George Mini 
Published: October 2022

Background: Annually, millions of endoscopies are performed around the globe. Endoscopes are reused countless times, and it is essential to reprocess them. Appropriate reprocessing maximises safety for patients undergoing endoscopy. Aim: This study aimed to assess practices before and after implementation of an evidence-based protocol in the endoscopy unit of a tertiary hospital in India. Methods: The protocol was communicated to healthcare professionals (HCPs) in a blended learning format. A validated reliable checklist was used by one group of HCPs to assess factors, practice and microbial growth before and after implementation of the protocol. Results: Most HCPs were male (71.42%) and nurses (57.14%). With no formal training, the practice scores were in an unacceptable range before the protocol and reached acceptable levels after. While the outer tip of endoscope showed no microbial growth, high concern organisms such as Escherichia coli were detected in suction channels. The protocol was effective in improving practice (t=-23.86; p<0.00) and reducing microbial growth (11.07; p<0.003), respectively. Conclusion: Facilities need to standardise guidelines of practice to ensure training, provide oversight and assess competency.
Effect of aromatherapy with lavender and damask rose extracts on anxiety in endoscopy patients: a randomised trial
Authors: Jirdehi Maryam Mirzaee , Monfared Arezoo , Ghanaei Fariborz Mansour , Leyli Ehsan Kazemnezhad 
Published: October 2022

Background: The endoscopy procedure may cause anxiety. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of aromatherapy comparing lavender oil and rose damask oil on relieving the anxiety of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy patients. Methods: 105 subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of aromatherapies: the lavender essential oil group; aromatherapy with rose damask essential oil group; and the control group. The data collection tool used was the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In each experimental group, subjects inhaled two drops of lavender or rose damask essential oil. Findings: Results showed that after the intervention, there was a significant statistical difference in the mean anxiety level of the three groups (P=0.0001). The results demonstrated less anxiety after inhaling damask rose oil than lavender, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.62). Conclusions: The findings confirmed the positive effect of aromatherapy with damask rose and lavender extract oils on reducing the anxiety of patients before an endoscopy. Since complementary medicine is increasingly used in nursing care, aromatherapy can be applied as a supplementary method to alleviate anxiety in patients.
Prevalence, probability, and characteristics of malaria and filariasis co-infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilairatana Polrat , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Mala Wanida , Wangdi Kinley , Kotepui Manas 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMalaria and filariasis are significant vector-borne diseases that are co-endemic in the same human populations. This study aims to collate the evidence, probability, and characteristics of malaria and filariasis co-infections in participants among studies reporting the co-occurrence of both diseases.MethodsWe searched for potentially relevant articles reporting the co-occurrence of malaria and filariasis in five electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and CENTRAL) from inception to May 22, 2022. We estimated the pooled prevalence and probability of malaria and filariasis co-infections among study participants using random-effects meta-analyses and synthesized the characteristics of patients with co-infections narratively.ResultsWe identified 951 articles, 24 of which (96,838 participants) met eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections among participants of 11%. The prevalence of co-infections was 2.3% in Africa, 0.2% in Asia, and 1.6% in South America. The pooled prevalences of malaria andWuchereria bancrofti, malaria andLoa loa, malaria andMansonella perstansco-infections were 0.7%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The meta-analysis results showed that the co-infections between two parasites occurred by probability (P= 0.001). Patients with co-infections were at increased risk of having an enlarged spleen, a lower rate of severe anemia, lower parasite density, and more asymptomatic clinical status. Patients with co-infections had decreased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 5, tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin-4, c4 complement, and interleukin-10. In addition, patients with co-infections had a lower interleukin-10/tumor necrosis factor–α ratio and higher interleukin-10/interleukin-6 ratio.ConclusionThe present study showed that the prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections was low and varied between geographical areas in the selected articles. Co-infections tended to occur with a low probability. Further studies investigating the outcomes and characteristics of co-infections are needed.
Between Profit and Quality; A Challenge of Indonesian Cinema
Authors: Lestari Puji , Sihombing Lambok Hermanto 
Published: October 2022

Horror is one of the most popular film genres, particularly among Indonesians. One of the reasons the Indonesian people love watching a horror movie is because of the sensation of a jump scare. Thus, the number of horror film watchers in Indonesia continues to grow. This condition may aid Indonesian film production, as practically everyone enjoys horror. However, it is also problematic because Indonesian film has struggled to enhance its quality. Thus, the author's objective in this study is to analyse the dilemma confronting Indonesian cinema: the trade-off between profit and quality. To assist the author in doing this analysis, Film Production Management from Bastian Cleve is applied. The findings of this study reveal that Indonesian film production faces particular challenges that must be overcome. Indonesian cinema should prioritize quality above immediate profit as improving the quality of a film can result in a higher profit. Thus, the courage to develop and compete is critical to overcome those challenges.
Analisis Isi Berita Difabel di Kompas.com pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019 untuk Mendukung Media Ramah Penyandang Disabilitas pada Pilpres 2024
Authors: Nadhiroh, S.Sos.I, M.I.Kom  , Atik Nurfatmawati, SE, M.I.Kom  
Published: October 2022

People with disabilities need special attention, not compassion. They have their own abilities if their assistance is really maximized. Since 1992, the United Nations (UN) has designated December 3 as International Day of Persons with Disabilities. Little by little the concern and attention to the problems faced by people with disabilities is increasing. Various access more powder. One form of attention is through the news. The mass media are increasingly providing space for news reports on diffable issues. Including in the implementation of the 2019 presidential election. Efforts to support the implementation of inclusive elections continue to be increased. The mass media have a big contribution to guard support for people with disabilities. This research focuses on analyzing the news of people with disabilities in the 2019 Presidential Election at kompas.com. This research aims to examine what is the content of news about people with disabilities from the campaign period until the 2019 Presidential Election. In addition, this article is expected to be able to support disability-friendly media in the 2024 General Election The method used is to collect news about people with disabilities related to the 2019 Presidential Election which is published on kompas.com. Researchers hope that efforts to realize inclusive elections will continue to be improved as a step to fulfill the rights of people with disabilities.
Orang difabel perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus bukan belas kasihan. Mereka memiliki kemampuan sendiri jika benar-benar dimaksimalkan pendampingannya. Sejak tahun 1992, Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) menetapkan setiap 3 Desember diperingati sebagai Hari Disabilitas Internasional. Sedikit demi sedikit kepedulian dan perhatian kepada permasalahan yang dihadapi difabel semakin meningkat. Berbagai akses makin serbuka. Salah satu bentuk perhatian yaitu melalui pemberitaan. Media massa semakin memberikan ruang untuk pemberitaan-pemberitaan isu difabel. Termasuk di dalam pelaksanaan pemilihan presiden 2019 lalu. Upaya-upaya mendukung pelaksaanaan pemilu inklusif terus ditingkatkan. Media massa punya kontribusi besar untuk mengawal dukungan kepada para difabel. Penelitian ini fokus analisis pemberitaan difabel dalam Pilpres 2019 di kompas.com. Riset ini bertujuan mengkaji apa saja isi berita tentang difabel sejak masa kampanye sampai menjelang Pilpres 2019. Selain itu, artikel ini diharapkan bisa ikut mendukung media ramah penyandang disabilitas pada Pemilu tahun 2024. Metode yang digunakan yaitu mengumpulkan berita-berita tentang difabel terkait Pilpres 2019 yang dimuat di kompas.com secara acak kemudian menganalisis isinya. Peneliti berharap, upaya untuk mewujudkan pemilu inklusif terus ditingkatkan sebagai langkah memenuhi hak penyandang difabel.
THE EFFECT OF CORIANDER LEAF EXTRACT TOWARDS KIDNEY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES ON WISTAR RAT INDUCED BY ORALLY ADMINISTERED MERCURY
Authors: Petrina Manda , Miranti Ika Pawitra , Maharani Nani , Dini Intan Rahmania Eka 
Published: October 2022

Background: Mercury’s a toxic heavy metal that damages the kidney through generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Previous study has established that coriander leaves contained high level of antioxidants. However, there hasn’t been any experiment that examined renoprotective effect of coriander leaf extract toward the kidney of Wistar rat induced with orally administered mercury.Objective: To examine the nephroprotective activity of coriander leaf extract towards Wistar rat’s proximal tubules induced with orally administered mercuryMethods: : Experimental study with post test only control group design using 20 male Wistar rats divided randomly into 4 groups as samples. Group K0 without treatment, Group K(-) was administered 10 mg/ kgBW mercury chloride orally, Group P1 was administered 10 mg/kgBW mercury chloride and 100 mg/kgBW coriander leaf extract orally, and Group P2 was administered 10 mg/kgBW mercury chloride and 200 mg/kgBW coriander leaf extract orally. The study was carried for 14 days after which the kidneys were examined microscopically.Results: The mean values for damaged proximal tubules were as follows: group K0 2,44±1,19; group K(-) 4,76±3,77; group P1 4,52±2,18; group P2 2,60±1,38. Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between group K(-)>K0 (p=0,009); group P1>K0 (p=0,001); group P2<K(-) (p=0,015); group P1>P2 (p=0,001). Insignificant differences were found between group P2> K0 (p=0,936) and group P1<K(-) (p=0,579).Conclusion: Coriander leaf extract could reduce the number of damaged proximal tubules from mercury ingestion, with dose of 200 mg/kgBW showing better result than 100 mg/kgBW.Keywords: antioxidants, coriander leaf, kidney, mercury
Correlation between HbA1c Levels and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Geany Putri Lenggo , Prihatningtias Riski , Wildan Arief , Cahyono Maharani 
Published: October 2022

Background: In recent years, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as the world's leading cause of death with the potential to develop micro vascular complications in the form of retinopathy. HbA1c is an indicator to identify hyperglycemia and plays an important role in monitoring the development of complications due to DM. This study is undertaken determine the relationship between HbA1C levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in DM patients.
Aim: To identify the relationship between HbA1c levels and different stages of diabetic retinopathy.
Method: An analytic observational, cross sectional design, using patients’ medical record. Patient data consisted of gender, age, DM duration, HbA1c levels, and stages of diabetic retinopathy. Non parametric correlation Spearman’s rho was chosen for statistical analysis.
Result: A total of 72 DM patients consisted of 29 men and 43 women with a mean DM duration 10.4 years. A total of 37 patients were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy with 30 NPDR respondents (41.7%) and 7 PDR respondents (9.7%). The average HbA1C levels based on the patient's diabetic retinopathy stages, as follows; normal attained 6.49% (SD ± 0.95), NPDR 8.17% (SD ± 1.77), and PDR 8.47% (SD ± 1, 10). Spearman's non-parametric test showed a strong and significant relationship (p