bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring new frontiers in prostate cancer research: Report from the 2022 Coffey−Holden prostate cancer academy meeting
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Hawley Jessica E. , Adelaiye‐Ogala Remi , Calais Jeremie , Nappi Lucia , Parikh Ravi , Seibert Tyler M. , Wasmuth Elizabeth V. , Wei Xiao X. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe 2022 Coffey−Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, “Exploring New Frontiers in Prostate Cancer Research,” was held from June 23 to 26, 2022, at the University of California, Los Angeles, Luskin Conference Center, in Los Angeles, CA.MethodsThe CHPCA Meeting is an annual discussion‐oriented scientific conference organized by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, that focuses on emerging and next‐step topics deemed critical for making the next major advances in prostate cancer research and clinical care. The 2022 CHPCA Meeting included 35 talks over 10 sessions and was attended by 73 academic investigators.ResultsMajor topic areas discussed at the meeting included: prostate cancer diversity and disparities, the impact of social determinants on research and patient outcomes, leveraging real‐world and retrospective data, development of artificial intelligence biomarkers, androgen receptor (AR) signaling biology and new strategies for targeting AR, features of homologous recombination deficient prostate cancer, and future directions in immunotherapy and nuclear theranostics.DiscussionThis article summarizes the scientific presentations from the 2022 CHPCA Meeting, with the goal that dissemination of this knowledge will contribute to furthering global prostate cancer research efforts.
Molecular dynamics study reveals key disruptors of MEIG1–PACRG interaction
Authors: Hasse Timothy , Zhang Zhibing , Huang Yu‐ming M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInteractions between the meiosis‐expressed gene 1 (MEIG1) and Parkin co‐regulated gene (PACRG) protein are critical in the formation of mature sperm cells. Targeting either MEIG1 or PACRG protein could be a contraceptive strategy. The W50A and Y68A mutations on MEIG1 are known to interrupt the MEIG1–PACRG interactions resulting in defective sperm cells. However, the details about how the mutants disrupt the protein–protein binding are not clear. In this study, we reveal insights on MEIG1 and PACRG protein dynamics by applying Gaussian‐accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations and post‐GaMD analysis. Our results show that the mutations destabilize the protein–protein interfacial interaction. The effect of the Y68A mutation is more significant than W50A as Y68 forms stronger polar interactions with PACRG. Because both human and mouse models demonstrate similar dynamic properties, the findings from mouse proteins can be applied to the human system. Moreover, we report a potential ligand binding pocket on the MEIG1 and PACRG interaction surface that could be a target for future drug design to inhibit the MEIG1–PACRG interaction. PACRG shows more qualified pockets along the protein–protein interface, implying that it is a better target than MEIG1. Our work provides a fundamental understanding of MEIG1 and PACRG protein dynamics, paving the way for drug discovery in male‐based contraception.
Discrete gain scheduling control approach to elliptical orbit rendezvous system with actuator saturation
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , He Dongyan , Teo Kok Lay , Wang Jianqiao , Yang Hongfu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the discrete gain scheduling control design problem of elliptical orbit spacecraft rendezvous system with actuator saturation. Due to the presence of actuator saturation, the dynamic performance of the spacecraft rendezvous system degrades significantly. In order to improve the dynamic performance of the system, a discrete gain scheduling control approach is adopted to construct a group of time‐invariant ellipsoidal invariant sets, which can be used to determine the switching points of the discrete gain scheduling control. By choosing some discrete parameter values, the discrete gain scheduling control is obtained from a solution of a periodic Riccati matrix differential equation. Under the control obtained, the dynamic performance of the system is much improved while accomplishing successfully the rendezvous mission of the spacecraft. Finally, a practical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control design approach.
Use of a flow deflector to protect rheophilic fish spawning grounds during hydropeaking
Authors: Bartoň Daniel , Sajdlová Zuzana , Kolařík Tomáš , Kubečka Jan , Duras Jindřich , Kortan David , Šmejkal Marek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRheophilic fishes are one of the ecological groups of fishes declining most quickly in number due to various habitat modifications and discharge regulations. Artificial rapid increases and decreases in discharge (hydropeaking) can cause severe damage to the eggs of rheophilic fishes. We investigated whether the effects of a water increase in hydropeaking on a spawning ground may be mitigated by a deflector installed at the top of the weir that diverts flow to other sections. At the research site, rheophilic asp (Leuciscus aspius) spawn annually in early spring, and their success might be affected by hydropeaking, with base discharge ranging from 3 to 7 m3 × s−1 and peak discharge ranging from 16 to 25 m3 × s−1 occurring 4 to 7 times during the asp spawning season and egg development period. To protect the adhesive eggs from detachment during peak discharge, a flow deflector (a wooden wall at the selected part of the weir) was installed to regulate discharge on the protected spawning ground. This measure allowed normal discharge under base flow conditions. During peak flow, a significant portion of the additional water was directed to the part of the river channel where egg abundance was lower and to the mill channel, where asp spawning was not present. While the total discharge increased 4.1 times compared to the base flow, the water discharge in the protected spawning ground increased only 2.7 times. This resulted in more than half of the asp eggs being retained in the protected channel. Although the use of such a measure is limited to specific local conditions where eggs are located just downstream of the weir, it can be a valid solution in highly fragmented rivers with hydropeaking and can lead to higher recruitment of rheophilic fishes.
Modelling the dynamics of firm valuation: An assessment of impact of exchange rate fluctuations on firm value using system dynamics
Authors: Khan Aima , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExchange rate volatility is a vital issue in international finance due to its effect on the value of the firm, depending on firm's exposure to the exchange rate risk. However, this impact is not clear in literature as evidence is mixed. This article analyses the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on firm value. A system dynamics‐based corporate planning model has been developed that incorporates the modules for financial and physical processes, firm valuation and exchange rate determination. Simulation results reveal that a stronger home currency leads to an increase in market price per share of the firm and vice versa. The results provide counter intuitive evidence on the impact of exchange rate on firm value and provide nonlinear feedback loop‐based explanation. The study fills the gap in literature by incorporating a systemic approach in the strategic planning process to assess the composite impact of parameter changes on key variables.
Modeling and Experimental Results for Microwave Imaging of a Hip with Emphasis on the Femoral Neck
Authors: Adams Johnathan , Serano Peter , Nazarian Ara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the potential for microwave imaging to scan the proximal femur to detect osteoporotic bone conditions. Additionally, we aim to establish more general regularities pertinent to microwave imaging at different frequencies for better penetration into the human body and the unwanted yet unavoidable transmission around the body via surface/creeping waves.The frequency bands of interest are the UHF, L-band, and S-band. Both modeling (Ansys Electronics Desktop 2021) and experimental results will be presented. The human model employed for numerical simulations is a modified built-in Ansys non-anatomical model.
Standardizing Skullremodeling Surgery and Electrode Array Layout to Improve Tumor Treating Fields Using Computational Head Modeling and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Mikic N. , Cao F. , Hansen F. L. , Jakobsen A. M. , Thielscher A. , Korshøj A. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSkullremodeling surgery (SR-surgery) includes removing bone from the skull to enhance TTFields. In our phase 1 trial (NCT02893137) we tested multiple SR-configurations (craniectomy, burrholes, and skull thinning) with TTFields concluding it to be safe. To examine the efficacy, we recently initiated an investigator-initiated, randomized, comparative, multi-center phase 2 trial (NCT04223999).To ensure uniformity, SR-surgery will be standardized to 5 burrholes of 15 mm diameter placed cross-diagonally in a 45×45 mm square above the tumor. The configuration was chosen as a combination of maximizing the overall cm3 while not compromising patient safety.To create a standard operating procedure for the trial, we wanted to examine how the electric field was affected by this SR-surgery configuration, its location, and the electrode array placement. We created E-field simulations based on a computational head model, that mimicked a trial patient’s tumor resection cavity, residual tumor, and SR-surgery. SR-surgery was virtually applied at several locations with different electrode positions to investigate the impact on the electric field in the residual tumor tissue, resection cavity, and grey- and white matter. The electrode arrays were moved by 15-degree stepwise rotation around a central craniocaudal axis in the same horizontal plane, corresponding to 0–180 degrees for a total of 13 different positions. Control simulations without SR-surgery were also performed.In general, we found that SR-surgery increased the electric field strength significantly in the residual tumor and resection cavity with minimal effect on the healthy white and grey matter tissue. The highest electric field values were observed in the residual tumor and resection cavity when the burrholes were placed directly above the pathological tissue and the edge electrodes of both pairs were placed on top or close to the burrholes with the reference electrode directly opposite on the head.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) Analysis of MRI Head Gradient Coils with Human Body Models
Authors: Hua Yihe , Yeo Desmond T. B. , Foo Thomas K. F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive and intuitive introduction to MRI gradient coil related PNS modeling with human body models. We will present the fundamental concepts and analytical processes behind gradient coil-induced peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) modeling and also show some new results of our work. We first describe the process of performing electromagnetic simulation of a gradient coil, the neurodynamic simulation of nerves, and the gradient coil design. Then, we present improvements of two existing human body models by adding more nerve trajectories in the head and upper body to reduce the discrepancies between the simulated and measured results for PNS thresholds in head gradient coils. Further, we apply the modified human body models to analyze three folded and non-folded gradient coils and reveal the relationship between the eddy current flow in the human body and the gradient coil wire pattern and its impact on the PNS. We also show the connection between concomitant fields and PNS and assess the accuracy of PNS calculations in human body models with simplified tissue properties. Finally, we give our thoughts on the future direction of this work.
Evaluation and Comparison of Simulated Electric Field Differences Using Three Image Segmentation Methods for TMS
Authors: Zaidi Tayeb , Fujimoto Kyoko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComputational electromagnetic modeling is a powerful technique to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation of the human brain. The results of these simulations can vary based on the segmentation of the head and brain generated from the patient images. Using an existing boundary element fast multipole method (BEM-FMM) electromagnetic solver, this work compares the simulated electric field differences resulted by the three segmentation methods. A transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil targeting both the primary motor cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was simulated. Average field differences were small among the three methods (2% for motor cortex, 3% for DLPFC) and the average field differences in the regions directly surrounding the target stimulation point were 5% for the motor cortex and 2% for DLPFC. More studies evaluating different coils and other segmentation options may further improve the computational modeling for robust TMS treatment.
RF-induced Heating Near Active Implanted Medical Devices in MRI: Impact of Tissue Simulating Medium
Authors: Brown James E. , Stadnik Paul J. , Von Arx Jeffrey A. , Muessig Dirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent advances in the MR conditional safety assessment of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) have begun providing guidelines in the development of transfer functions for evaluating risk to the patient due to RF-induced heating. This work introduces the complexity of the analysis of RF-induced heating and explores the impact of the computational human model (CHM) on the resulting analysis. Through historical analysis techniques, simplified structures, and real medical device geometries, the interaction of the AIMD lead with the tissue simulating medium (TSM) can be better understood. Finally, a general guiding principle for MR manufacturers is identified, whereby the thickness of the lead insulation can be used to determine the appropriate TSM for the most accuratein vivopredictions of RF-induced heating.
Elements of Identity in Conflict
Authors: Ricarte Joana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter dives deeper into the theoretical framework proposed in this book by identifying, characterizing and proposing concrete indicators at the observable level for assessing and analyzing theelementsof identity in conflict. The argument developed is that an empirical examination of the processes of identity building in protracted conflicts shows that these feature two main elements—and coexisting dynamics—which can be seen as opposing poles that might contribute to deepening the conflict or promoting its transformation instead. By identifying the dimensions and observable indicators that allow for an assessment of these processes of dehumanization and peace-less reconciliation, this chapter offers a tool for empirical analyses of protracted conflicts and policy development toward their positive transformation.
Patient-reported impairment following TKA is reduced when a computationally simulated predicted ideal alignment is achieved
Authors: Twiggs Joshua , Miles Brad , Parker David , Liu David , Shimmin Andrew , Fritsch Brett , Roe Justin , Baré Jonathan , Solomon Michael , Dickison David , McMahon Stephen , Boyle Richard , Walter Len 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Joint dynamics following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) may influence patient-reported outcome. Simulations allow many knee alignment approaches to a single patient to be considered prior to surgery. The simulated kinematics can be matched to patient-reported outcome to predict kinematic patterns most likely to give the best outcome. This study aims to validate one such previously developed algorithm based on a simulated deep knee bend (the Dynamic Knee Score, DKS).

Methods
1074 TKA patients with pre- and post-operative Computerised Tomography (CT) scans and 12-month post-operative Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes (KOOS) Scores were identified from the 360 Med Care Joint Registry. Landmarking and registration of implant position was performed on all CT scans, and each of the achieved TKAs was computationally simulated and received a predictive outcome score from the DKS. In addition, a set of potential alternative surgical plans which might have been followed were simulated. Comparison of patient-reported issues and DKS score was evaluated in a counter-factual study design.

Results
Patient-reported impairment with the knee catching and squatting was shown to be 30% lower (p = 0.005) and 22% lower (p = 0.026) in patients where the best possible DKS result was the one surgically achieved. Similar findings were found relating attainment of the best tibial slope and posterior femoral resection DKS plans to patient-reported difficulty straightening the knee (40% less likely, p < 0.001) and descending stairs (35% less likely, p = 0.006).

Conclusion
The DKS has been shown to correlate with presence of patient-reported impairments post-TKA and the resultant algorithm can be applied in a pre-operative planning setting. Outcome optimization in the future may come from patient-specific selection of an alignment strategy and simulations may be a technological enabler of this trend.

Level of evidence.
III (Retrospective Cohort Study).
Fair evaluation of classifier predictive performance based on binary confusion matrix
Authors: Vanacore Amalia , Pellegrino Maria Sole , Ciardiello Armando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvaluating the ability of a classifier to make predictions on unseen data and increasing it by tweaking the learning algorithm are two of the main reasons motivating the evaluation of classifier predictive performance. In this study the behavior of Balanced $$AC_1$$

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— a novel classifier accuracy measure — is investigated under different class imbalance conditions via a Monte Carlo simulation. The behavior of Balanced $$AC_1$$

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C
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is compared against that of several well-known performance measures based on binary confusion matrix. Study results reveal the suitability of Balanced $$AC_1$$

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C
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with both balanced and imbalanced data sets. A real example of the effects of class imbalance on the behavior of the investigated classifier performance measures is provided by comparing the performance of several machine learning algorithms in a churn prediction problem.
Additive adjudication of conflicting claims
Authors: García-Segarra Jaume , Ginés-Vilar Miguel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn a “claims problem” (O’Neill 1982), a group of individuals have claims on a resource but its endowment is not sufficient to honour all of the claims. We examine the following question: If a claims problem can be decomposed into smaller claims problems, can the solutions of these smaller problems be added to obtain the solution of the original problem? A natural condition for this decomposition is that the solution to each of the smaller problems is non-degenerate, assigning positive awards to each claimant. We identify the only consistent and endowment monotonic adjudication rules satisfying this property; they are generalizations of the canonical “constrained equal losses rule” sorting claimants into priority classes and distributing the amount available to each class using a weighted constrained equal losses rule. The constrained equal losses rule is the only symmetric rule in this family of rules.
Network disruption and the common-enemy effect
Authors: Hoyer Britta , De Jaegher Kris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the effect of a common enemy on the connections-model of network formation, where self-interested players can use links to build a network, knowing that they face a common enemy who can disrupt the links or nodes of the network. The goal of the common enemy is to minimize the sum of the benefits players obtain from the network. We find that for large linking costs, introducing such a common enemy can lead to the formation of pairwise stable and efficient networks which would not be pairwise stable without the threat of disruption. The reason is the large reduction in payoffs caused by disruption as soon as one player fails to maintain a link. However, we also find that for small linking costs, the empty network is pairwise stable under disruption, whereas it is not in the absence of disruption. The reason is that in the presence of disruption a link that is unilaterally formed is automatically targeted (or one of the players forming the link is automatically targeted). While the common enemy can thus have a positive effect on the incentives of the players to form an efficient network, it can also lead to the disintegration of the network.
Existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium in discontinuous Bertrand games: a complete characterization
Authors: Edwards R. A. , Routledge R. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince (Reny in Econometrica 67:1029–1056, 1999) a substantial body of research has considered what conditions are sufficient for the existence of a pure strategy Nash equilibrium in games with discontinuous payoffs. This work analyzes a general Bertrand game, with convex costs and an arbitrary sharing rule at price ties, in which tied payoffs may be greater than non-tied payoffs when both are positive. On this domain, necessary and sufficient conditions for (i) the existence of equilibrium (ii) the uniqueness of equilibrium are presented. The conditions are intuitively easy to understand and centre around the relationships between intervals of real numbers determined by the primitives of the model.