bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On entropy measures for molecular structure of remdesivir system and their applications
Authors: Feng Caicai , Muhammad Mehwish Hussain , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Kirmani Syed Ajaz K. , Manzoor Shazia , Hanif Muhammad Farhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn medical sciences, the molecular structure is discussed under the consideration of the topological index, and related biological, pharmaceutical, medical and chemical properties of various drugs are examined by computing topological indices. Many scientific experiments are ongoing for the medication of COVID‐19 by using redeliver. In this paper, our objective is to calculate the degree‐based temperature indices and their respective temperature entropies for the molecular graph of remdesivir R. In this study, we derived some degree‐based temperature descriptors. Also, we computed temperature entropies of molecular structure by constructing the relation of degree‐based temperature descriptors with the help of specific information functions. Moreover, we analyzed and provided a graphical comparison of the calculated outcomes. These computed results maybe lead to the discovery of more effective drugs and modified vaccines for the overcome with COVID‐19.
Experimental Quantum‐Enhanced Machine Learning in Spin‐Based Systems
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Lin Zidong , Che Liangyu , Chen Hanyu , Lu Dawei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the advancement of computing power and algorithms, machine learning has been a powerful tool in numerous applications nowadays. However, the hardware limitation of classical computers and the increasing size of datasets urge the community to explore new techniques for machine learning. Quantum‐enhanced machine learning is such a rapidly growing field. It refers to quantum algorithms that are implemented in quantum computers, which can improve the computational speed of classical machine learning tasks and often promises an exponential speedup. In the past few years, the development of experimental quantum technologies leads to many experimental demonstrations of quantum‐enhanced machine learning in diverse physical systems. Here, the recent experimental progress in this field in two typical spin‐based quantum systems—nuclear magnetic resonance and nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond—is reviewed, and the ongoing challenges are discussed.
The Perceived Stress Scale for Kids (PeSSKi): Initial development of a brief measure for children aged 7–11 years
Authors: Davis Christina , Turner‐Cobb Julie M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerceived stress, a known risk factor for poor health, has been extensively assessed in adult populations. Yet an equivalent assessment tool for measurement of global perceived stress in children is lacking. This study aimed to develop and provide initial validation of a scale to measure perceived stress in children aged 7–11 years. Using a two‐phase design, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with thirteen child‐parent dyads for development of items. In a sample of 123 children (age range 7–11 years, Mage = 9 years 7 months, 54.5% male) we administered the resulting Perceived Stress Scale for Kids (PeSSKi). Exploratory factor analysis of the 10‐item PeSSKi yielded support for both a one‐factor and a two‐factor solution (negative, positive item wording). The PeSSKi was associated positively with the Penn‐State Worry Questionnaire for Children (r = 0.748, p < 0.001) and negatively with the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (r = 0.381, p < 0.001) indicating strong convergent/divergent validity respectively. Girls showed higher scores on the PeSSKi than boys with no effects observed by age. Initial psychometrics suggest the PeSSKi provides a robust scale for assessment of perceived stress in children. Further validation is needed across different child populations, over time and with physical measures of stress and health outcomes.
Crossover From Individual to Collective Magnetism in Dense Nanoparticle Systems: Local Anisotropy Versus Dipolar Interactions
Authors: Sánchez Elena H. , Vasilakaki Marianna , Lee Su Seong , Normile Peter S. , Andersson Mikael S. , Mathieu Roland , López‐Ortega Alberto , Pichon Benoit P. , Peddis Davide , Binns Chris , Nordblad Per , Trohidou Kalliopi , Nogués Josep , De Toro José A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDense systems of magnetic nanoparticles may exhibit dipolar collective behavior. However, two fundamental questions remain unsolved: i) whether the transition temperature may be affected by the particle anisotropy or it is essentially determined by the intensity of the interparticle dipolar interactions, and ii) what is the minimum ratio of dipole–dipole interaction (Edd) to nanoparticle anisotropy (KefV, anisotropy⋅volume) energies necessary to crossover from individual to collective behavior. A series of particle assemblies with similarly intense dipolar interactions but widely varying anisotropy is studied. The Kef is tuned through different degrees of cobalt‐doping in maghemite nanoparticles, resulting in a variation of nearly an order of magnitude. All the bare particle compacts display collective behavior, except the one made with the highest anisotropy particles, which presents “marginal” features. Thus, a threshold of KefV/Edd ≈ 130 to suppress collective behavior is derived, in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. This translates into a crossover value of ≈1.7 for the easily accessible parameter TMAX(interacting)/TMAX(non‐interacting) (ratio of the peak temperatures of the zero‐field‐cooled magnetization curves of interacting and dilute particle systems), which is successfully tested against the literature to predict the individual‐like/collective behavior of any given interacting particle assembly comprising relatively uniform particles.
Sparse covariance matrix estimation for ultrahigh dimensional data
Authors: Liang Wanfeng , Wu Yue , Chen Hui 
Published: June 2022

We introduce a Covariance matrix Refitted Cross Validation (CovRCV) estimation procedure without requiring the Gaussian assumption. Specifically, we first use the modified Cholesky decomposition(MCD) to transform the problem of covariance matrix estimation to that of coefficient estimation in the regression setting. Then, we use an estimation method based on RCV to mitigate the prevalent spurious correlation in the ultrahigh dimensional regression. The proposed procedure is easy to implement. Furthermore, we establish the consistency of the proposed CovRCV estimation and show the rate of convergence without assuming the banded structure in Bickel and Levina (2008). The finite sample performance of our method is assessed via an intensive numerical study. Our numerical comparison shows that the CovRCV estimation outperforms the existing ones in various interesting scenarios. The advantages of our method are further illustrated by a real case study.
The virtual consulting company: Teaching statistical consulting through simulated experience
Authors: Shilane David , Lorenzetti Nicole L. , Di Crecchio Nicole , Kreutter David K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraining students to become effective consultants is an important goal of statistical education. The pedagogical models include drop‐in consulting, workshops, long‐term projects and theory‐based courses based on case studies. This study performs a comparison of the curricular designs. We then introduce a virtual model for a statistical consulting course based on simulated experience. The virtual model creates a semester‐long simulation with the roles of consultants, managers and clients adopted by members of the class. The course includes classroom instruction on the technical skills and styles of communication that can facilitate collaborations. The students complete a series of consulting projects for a range of virtual clients. This study demonstrates the benefits of the virtual model of teaching statistical consulting. The simulation allows students to gain experience in collaborations without a dependence on external clients. The consulting projects allow for full development of statistical investigations, communication with a range of stakeholders and opportunities to present proposals to clients. With a designed curriculum, the consulting experience and lessons of the course are more repeatable and uniform across the students. As a result, the virtual model is a promising alternative to the other curricular models for statistical consulting.
Cooking, Sensory Properties, Curcumin Retention, and In vitro Digestibility of Rice as Affected by Polishing and Turmeric Concentration
Authors: Qadir Nafiya , Wani Idrees Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe high digestibility of cooked rice causes an abrupt increase in blood sugar levels. Therefore, efforts are being made to find out means of lowering the digestibility of cooked rice. In the present study, brown and polished variants of four Kashmiri rice cultivars (SR‐4, K‐39, Mushq Budij, and Pigmented) are cooked with turmeric powder at varying concentrations (0, 1, and 2% w/w, rice basis) using the excess water method. The prepared rice is evaluated for cooking, sensory properties, curcumin retention, and in‐vitro digestibility to understand the effect of polishing and turmeric concentration on various properties. The addition of turmeric to rice leads to significant improvement in minimum cooking time and cooked length breadth ratios of samples irrespective of polishing. However, gruel solids loss in cooked rice decreases significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the addition of turmeric powder. The best overall acceptability score of cooked rice samples is observed after the addition of turmeric at 1% concentration. With an increase in the amount of turmeric addition an increase in RS contents of cooked rice is observed. Therefore, rice cooked with turmeric powder can be considered as functional food for the diabetic population.
Silica nanoparticle exposure inhibits surfactant protein A and B in A549 cells through ROS‐mediated JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Yang Pan , Zhang Jing , Yang Yushan , Xiong Min , Shi Fan , Li Ning , Jin Yulan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) is related to the dysregulation of pulmonary surfactant that maintains lung stability and function. Nevertheless, there are limited studies concerning the interaction and influence between SiNPs and pulmonary surfactant, and the damage and mechanism are still unclear. Herein, we used A549 cells to develop an in vitro model, with which we investigated the effect of SiNPs exposure on the expression of pulmonary surfactant and the potential regulatory mechanism. The results showed that SiNPs were of cytotoxicity in regarding of reduced cell viability and promoted the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, the JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway was activated, and the expression of surfactant protein A (SP‐A) and surfactant protein B (SP‐B) was decreased. After the cells being treated with N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), we found that the ROS content was effectively downregulated, and the expression of proteins related to JNK and c‐Jun signaling pathways was suppressed. In contrast, the expression of SP‐A and SP‐B was enhanced. Furthermore, we treated the cells with JNK inhibitor and c‐Jun‐siRNA and found that the expression of protein related to JNK and c‐Jun signaling pathways, as well as SP‐A and SP‐B, changed in line with that of NAC treatment. These findings suggest that SiNPs exposure can upregulate ROS and activate the JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway in A549 cells, thereby inhibiting the expression of SP‐A and SP‐B proteins.
Circular RNA regulation of fat deposition and muscle development in cattle
Authors: Gao Yuhong , Wang Shuzhe , Ma Yanfen , Lei Zhaoxiong , Ma Yun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are important transcriptional regulatory RNA molecule that can regulate the transcription of downstream genes by competitive binding of miRNAs or coding proteins or by blocking mRNAs translation. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs are extensively involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, gene transcription and signal transduction. Fat deposition and muscle development have important effects on beef traits. CircRNAs are involved in regulating bovine fat and muscle cells and are differentially expressed in the tissues composed of these cells, suggesting that circRNAs play an important role in regulating bovine fat formation and muscle development. This review describes differential expression of circRNAs in bovine fat and muscle tissues, research progress in understanding how circRNAs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bovine fat and muscle cells through competing endogenous RNAs networks, and provide a reference for the subsequent research on the molecular mechanism of circRNAs in regulating fat deposition and muscle development in cattle.
Minor cutting edge angles of sawing teeth: effect on cutting forces in wood
Authors: Meulenberg Vanessa , Ekevad Mats , Svensson Mikael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOptimising the cutting tool geometries can reduce waste while increasing timber yield. The industry is moving towards thin-kerf bandsawing of timber, and therefore, the geometry of the minor cutting edge and minor first flanks of cutting teeth become more important. Six cutting teeth with varying minor cutting edge angles ($$0^{\circ }$$

0
∘

, $$2^{\circ }$$

2
∘

, $$4^{\circ }$$

4
∘

, $$6^{\circ }$$

6
∘

) and minor cutting edge clearance angles ($$2^{\circ }$$

2
∘

, $$4^{\circ }$$

4
∘

, $$6^{\circ }$$

6
∘

) were tested by cutting into the heartwood and sapwood of frozen and non-frozen Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Single cutting tooth tests were conducted, and the cutting and feeding forces were measured. The cutting forces were higher for Scots pine due to its higher density. Frozen sapwood resulted in higher cutting forces. The feeding force of frozen sapwood stood out as it was highly negative (i.e. self-feeding) compared to frozen heartwood, non-frozen heartwood and non-frozen sapwood. An increase in the minor cutting edge angle and minor cutting edge clearance angles, and therefore more room for elastic spring-back, can lead to up to less friction and 40% lower cutting forces. Higher minor cutting edge angles and minor cutting edge clearance angles resulted in less-negative feeding forces (i.e. less self-feeding) for frozen sapwood but remained relatively unchanged for the other wood conditions.
Sequential topology and shape optimization framework to design compliant mechanisms with boundary stress constraints
Authors: Dev Chaitanya , Stankiewicz Gabriel , Steinmann Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a sequential topology and shape optimization framework to design compliant mechanisms with boundary stress constraints. In our approach, a density-based topology optimization method is used to generate the configuration of the mechanisms. Afterwards, a node-based shape optimization is invoked to obtain an exact boundary representation. A specialized, optimality criteria-based design update is formulated for the shape optimization. To avoid impractical hinges with point connections, stress constraints are imposed. The stress constraints are imposed using two strategies: Local stress constraints on the nodes of the boundary or global P-norm stress constraints in the domain. Further, an adaptive shape refinement strategy is adopted to increase the design space of shape optimization and to capture the fine-scale details of the geometry. Finally, numerical experiments are presented, showing that the proposed approach can be effectively applied to the design of compliant mechanisms with stress constraints.
Volar locking plate fixation for distal radius fractures: did variable-angle plates make difference?
Authors: Abdel-Wahed Mohamed , Khater Ahmed Abdel-Zaher , El-Desouky Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Two different locking plate designs are now being used for volar plating of the distal radius fractures based on the freedom of screw direction; the fixed-angle, and the variable-angle (polyaxial) plates. We investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of both designs.

Methods
We reviewed 96 patients with 113 unstable distal radius fractures that were operated on with volar locking plates. The patients’ mean age was 41 years. Fixed-angle volar locking plates were utilized in 65 fractures and variable-angle volar locking plates in 48 fractures through modified Henry approach or extended carpal tunnel approach. Full clinical and radiographic evaluation was done for all patients with a mean follow-up of 14 months.

Results
All patients had acceptable clinical and radiographic parameters. The overall functional results (Mayo score, Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Q-DASH) score, Range of motion (ROM), and grip strength) were in favor of the variable-angle plate. The radiographic parameters were better with the variable-angle group. The variable-angle group recorded less operative time but more mean image intensifier exposure time. There were two cases of flexor tendon rupture with the fixed-angle group. Fixation with the fixed-angle system needed K-wire augmentation more than the variable-angle group. There was a positive correlation between hand dominance and the final score.

Conclusion
Distal radius volar locking plates yield satisfactory results comparable among different designs. In our series, the variable-angle system showed slightly better function and radiographic outcomes. Supplementary K-wires were needed more frequently with the fixed-angle system.
The Nonsmooth Dynamics of Combined Slip and Spin Motion Under Dry Friction
Authors: Antali Mate , Varkonyi Peter L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the motion of rigid bodies subject to combined slipping and spinning over a rough flat surface in the presence of dry friction. Integration of Coulomb friction forces over the contact area gives rise to a dynamical system with an isolated discontinuity of codimension 3. Recent results about such vector fields are applied to the motion of flat bodies under the assumption of known, time-independent distributions of normal contact forces and to general bodies where kinematic constraints enforce a state-dependent normal contact force distribution with a discontinuity at the sticking state. In both cases, the equations of motion are transformed into a smooth slow–fast dynamical system. The fixed points of the fast flow indicate the possible directions of combined slip–spin motion immediately before a body stops. We also introduce an approximation of the frictional forces and moments by the leading-order term of a spherical harmonic expansion, which allows for an explicit formulation of the equations of motion. The approximate model captures important empirically observed features of the motion. It is proven analytically and illustrated by examples that the number of fixed points in the approximate model is 2, 4, or 6.
A Matrix Schrödinger Approach to Focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Nonvanishing Boundary Conditions
Authors: Demontis Francesco , van der Mee Cornelis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe relate the scattering theory of the focusing AKNS system with equally sized nonvanishing boundary conditions to that of the matrix Schrödinger equation. This (shifted) Miura transformation converts the focusing matrix nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation into a new nonlocal integrable equation. We apply the matrix triplet method of solving the Marchenko integral equations by separation of variables to derive the multisoliton solutions of this nonlocal equation, thus proposing a method to solve the reflectionless matrix NLS equation.
Stochastic orders and measures of skewness and dispersion based on expectiles
Authors: Eberl Andreas , Klar Bernhard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, expectile-based measures of skewness akin to well-known quantile-based skewness measures have been introduced, and it has been shown that these measures possess quite promising properties (Eberl and Klar in Comput Stat Data Anal 146:106939, 2020; Scand J Stat, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/sjos.12518). However, it remained unanswered whether they preserve the convex transformation order of van Zwet, which is sometimes seen as a basic requirement for a measure of skewness. It is one of the aims of the present work to answer this question in the affirmative. These measures of skewness are scaled using interexpectile distances. We introduce orders of variability based on these quantities and show that the so-called weak expectile dispersive order is equivalent to the dilation order. Further, we analyze the statistical properties of empirical interexpectile ranges in some detail.
Awareness and use of psychosocial care among cancer patients and their relatives—a comparison of people with and without a migration background in Germany
Authors: Singer Susanne , Riccetti Nicola , Hempler Isabelle , Fried Marius , Knorrenschild Jorge Riera , Kalie Louma , Merbach Martin , Reiser Marcel , Mosthaf Franz , Heidt Vitali , Hermes-Moll Kerstin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We examined how migration background is associated with awareness and usage of psycho-oncology services.

Methods
Oncologists in community-based practices and outpatient clinics asked their patients and their relatives to complete a questionnaire. Migrants were purposely over-sampled. The questionnaire was provided in Arabic, English, Farsi, French, German, Hindi, Kurdish, Pashto, Russian, Somali, Turkish, Urdu, and Vietnamese.

Results
From 9 collaborators, 177 participants were enrolled (130 with and 47 without migration background). The existence of outpatient cancer counselling centres was known to 38% of the participants without and 32% with migration background, self-help groups to 32 vs. 12%, and psychotherapy to 43 vs. 25%. Respondents from the Near and Middle East were less likely to know about psychotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 0.1, p = 0.01); those from the Commonwealth of the Independent States or former Yugoslavia were less often informed about self-help groups (OR 0.1, p = 0.06). Migrants retrieved information less frequently from the internet than non-migrants (10 vs. 25%). At least one service had been used by 27% of migrants and 42% of non-migrants (OR 0.5, p = 0.06). After adjusting for gender, age, education, and patient-relative status, there was no evidence for an association between migration background and service use.

Conclusions
Migrants should be better informed about psychotherapy and self-help groups, in particular the ones coming from the Near or Middle East and the Commonwealth of the Independent States or former Yugoslavia.
The under-use of psychosocial services can largely be explained by confounding factors. Therefore, these factors must always be taken into account when analysing the use of psychosocial services in the aforementioned populations.