bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality mobility for burn patients (VR‐MOBILE): A within‐subject‐controlled trial protocol
Authors: Le May Sylvie , Genest Christine , Francoeur Maxime , Hung Nicole , Guingo Estelle , Khadra Christelle , Noel Melanie , Paquette Julie , Roy Andrée‐Anne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the acute phase, burn patients undergo several painful procedures. Pediatric burn care procedures conducted in hydrotherapy have been known to generate severe pain intensity and moderate to high levels of anxiety. Hydrotherapy treatments are done with the use of opioids and benzodiazepines for pain and anxiety. Unfortunately, nonpharmacological methods are rarely combined with pharmacological treatments despite evidence showing that distraction can serve as an effective method for pain management and can potentially decrease analgesic requirements in other painful medical procedures. Virtual reality (VR) is a method that uses distraction to interact within a virtual environment. The use of VR is promising for pain reduction in varying settings. Considering the lack of optimal pain and anxiety management during burn wound care and the positive effect of an immersive distraction for painful procedures, using VR for burn wound care procedures may show promising results. This is a within‐subject randomized controlled trial design in which each participant will serve as his/her own control. A minimum of 20 participants, aged 7 to 17 years old undergoing a burn care session, will receive both standard and experimental treatments during the same session in a randomized order. The experimental treatment will consist of combining VR distraction using the video game Dreamland® to the current standard pharmacological care as per unit protocol. The control group will only receive the unit's standard pharmacological care. The mean difference in both pain intensity scores and in anxiety between the two different sequences will be the primary outcomes of this study. This study evaluates the effect of VR on burn wound care. If results from this study show a positive effect of VR compared to standard care, this protocol may provide guidance on how to implement this type of immersive care as part of the tools available for distraction of painful procedures for acute burn victims.
Revisiting the formation mechanism of diarylamines via Smiles rearrangement
Authors: Murillo Fernando , Quintal Alan , Dzib Eugenia , Zarate Ximena , Fernández‐Herrera María A. , Merino Gabriel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms proposed for the synthesis of diarylamines from diarylsulfinamides are revisited via quantum chemical computations, verifying the 3‐exo‐trig Smiles rearrangement as the most viable pathway. Diarylamine precursors with sterically hindered, electron‐rich, or electron‐deficient N‐aryl rings do not alter the barriers. However, the effects of the substituent on the S‐aryl ring of monosubstituted, dimonosubstituted, and trisubstituted diarylsulfinamides can drastically change the rearrangement barriers. Furthermore, our results of rate constants computed at different temperatures show that the temperature rise favors the 3‐exo‐trig Smiles rearrangement reactions.
Antioxidant and anticancer properties of plant‐based bioactive flavonoids cardamonin and alpinetin: A theoretical insight from •OOH antiradical and Cu (II) chelation mechanisms
Authors: Kabanda Mwadham M. , Bahadur Indra , Singh Prashant 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA density functional theory (DFT) study aimed at a comparative investigation on the antioxidant mechanisms of cardamonin and alpinetin, two flavonoid bioactive components derived from plant sources with potential medicinal properties, has been performed through assessment of their •OOH scavenging ability in non‐polar medium and Cu (II) chelation ability in the absence and presence of explicit water molecules stabilising the metal cation. In addition, a comparison of the antioxidant properties of cardamonin with the moiety of phloroglucinol and acylated phloroglucinol has been performed to establish cardamonin's antioxidant potentiality among the phloroglucinol family of compounds. The results of the investigation reveal that alpinetin could be considered a better radical scavenger than cardamonin within the non‐polar lipid bilayer medium of biological systems. However, the role of both compounds as •OOH scavengers may be limited, in comparison to standard antioxidant molecules, such as α‐tocopherol, because of the fact that the bond dissociation enthalpy for the hydrogen atom abstraction mechanism has a positive value, which signifies that the radical scavenging mechanism is not a thermodynamically preferred reaction. Cardamonin is found also to be a weaker antioxidant molecule than phloroglucinol and acylated phloroglucinol moieties. In terms of metal chelation mechanism, cardamonin is a better Cu (II) chelator than alpinetin since it has a higher metal ion affinity than alpinetin upon coordination to the Cu (II) cation. The results obtained could also imply that cardamonin is a better agent in dealing with angiogenesis, tumour growth and metastatis stages of cancer than alpinetin, since the ability of chelating metal cation shown by cardamonin ascribes it a better role as an anticancer agent than alpinetin. Therefore, although alpinetin may prove to play an important role as a promising antioxidant and antiinflamatory agent than cardamonin, by scavenging radical species, cardamonin would prove more valuable in the control of various stages of cancer growth than alpinetin.
Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and molecular docking study of novel 4‐hydroxybenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine‐2,5‐dione derivatives
Authors: Mostafa Mai A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn operationally efficient and affordable lactone‐to‐lactam transformation was designed from pyrano[3,2‐c]quinolinone 1 to obtain 4‐hydroxybenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine‐2,5‐dione 2 utilizing ammonium acetate. The newly synthesized compound 2 was subjected to different electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration, chlorination, bromination, and N‐acylation to obtain novel benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives with different substituents at C‐3, C‐4, and NH. Structures of novel products were achieved by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques. The benzonapthyridine derivatives were screened for their antitumor activities against some cancer cell lines including HepG‐2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7. All the examined compounds revealed strong, good, moderate to weak anticancer activity compared with 5‐fluorouracil as a reference standard. Compound (3, ‐3NO2) was the most cytotoxic one and exhibited a higher inhibitory activity than the standard drug against HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 with IC50 values of 20.7 ± 1.9 and 22.5 ± 2.1 μg/ml, respectively, and strong activity against HepG‐2 with IC50 = 15.3 ± 0.7 μg/ml. Moreover, a molecular docking study was carried out for the tested compounds against the crystallographic structure of the Topo II enzyme as a potential target to investigate their binding modes. Docking results showed that compound 6b fitted well into the active site of topoisomerase II (PDB ID: 1ZXM) with hydrogen bond interactions.
microRNA‐34‐5p encoded by Spodoptera frugiperda regulates the replication and infection of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus by targeting odv‐e66, ac78 and ie2
Authors: Jia Qiaojin , Fu Yuejun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpodoptera frugiperda is one of the significant migratory pests in the Global Alert issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. As an insect‐specific microbial insecticide, baculovirus has been used to control various pests. MicroRNA‐34‐5p (miR‐34‐5p) is involved in regulating growth, reproduction and innate immunity to pathogens in insects, playing an essential role in host–virus interactions. In this study, we explored the critical function of miR‐34‐5p encoded by S. frugiperda in the anti‐Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), providing a reference for the design of a miR‐34‐5p target biopesticide against S. frugiperda and a theoretical basis for the wide application of microRNAs (miRNAs) in green pest control technology.RESULTSWe focused on miR‐34‐5p identified as downregulated in Sf9 cells and S. frugiperda larvae infected by AcMNPV. The regulatory function of miR‐34‐5p in AcMNPV–S. frugiperda interactions was studied by transfecting synthetic mimics and inhibitors, and constructing recombinant bacmids with miR‐34‐5p overexpression. miR‐34‐5p inhibited the production of infectious budded virions at the cellular and insect levels, inhibited the replication of the viral DNA and glucose metabolism, and increased the transcription of the antimicrobial peptide gloverin. Furthermore, the virus genes odv‐e66, ac78 and ie2 were shown to be direct targets.CONCLUSIONWe systematically revealed the mechanism by which miR‐34‐5p is involved in the insect antiviral process. miR‐34‐5p inhibited the replication and infection of AcMNPV by directly targeting AcMNPV genes, especially ac78 and ie2. Our study provides a new direction and thinking for the prevention and green control of lepidopteran pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
DNA metabarcoding of gut contents reveals key habitat and seasonal drivers of trophic networks involving generalist predators in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Saqib Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed , Sun Linyang , Pozsgai Gabor , Liang Pingping , You Minsheng , Gurr Geoff M. , You Shijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the networks of trophic interactions into which generalist predators are embedded is key to assessing their ecological role of in trophic networks and the biological control services they provide. The advent of affordable DNA metabarcoding approaches greatly facilitates quantitative understanding of trophic networks and their response to environmental drivers. Here, we examine how key environmental gradients interact to shape predation by Lycosidae in highly dynamic vegetable growing systems in China.RESULTSFor the sampled Lycosidae, crop identity, pesticide use and seasons shape the abundance of prey detected in spider guts. For the taxonomic richness of prey, local‐ and landscape‐scale factors gradients were more influential. Multivariate ordinations confirm that these crop‐abundant spiders dynamically adjust their diet to reflect environmental constraints and seasonal availability to prey.CONCLUSIONPlasticity in diet composition is likely to account for the persistence of spiders in relatively ephemeral brassica crops. Our findings provide further insights into the optimization of habitat management for predator‐based biological control practices. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of cyantraniliprole and sulfoxaflor on honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae
Authors: Kim Juyeong , Chon Kyongmi , Kim Bo‐Seon , Oh Jin‐A , Yoon Chang‐Young , Park Hong‐Hyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, cyantraniliprole (CYA) and sulfoxaflor (SUL) have been considered as alternatives to neonicotinoid insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the acute and chronic toxicities of CYA and SUL on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae reared in vitro.RESULTSIn the acute toxicity test, the following test doses were used to determine the median lethal dose (LD50): CYA 0.007, 0.014, 0.028, 0.056 and 0.112 μg larva−1; SUL 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg larva−1. In the chronic toxicity test, the following test doses were used to determine the LD50: CYA 0.00512, 0.0128, 0.032, 0.08 and 0.2 μg larva−1; SUL 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μg larva−1. The acute LD50 values of CYA and SUL were 0.047 and 11.404 μg larva−1, respectively. Larvae acutely exposed to SUL had significantly lower body weight than controls, but those exposed to CYA showed no difference. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and LD50 values of the chronic toxicity tests for each insecticide were 0.00512 and 0.064 μg larva−1 for CYA, and 0.0625 μg larva−1 and 0.212 μg larva−1 for SUL, respectively. Larvae chronically exposed to SUL emerged as bees with deformed wings, reaching adult deformation rates of over 50%; however, CYA had no effect on adult deformation.CONCLUSIONExposure to CYA increased larval mortality but did not cause any adult deformation, whereas SUL exposure increased pupal mortality and caused wing deformation in newly emerged bees. Our study may be useful for the assessment of pesticide toxicity by providing valuable findings on the effects of these insecticides on honey bee larvae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Towards a post‐COVID world: Challenges and progress of recovery in Kazakhstan
Authors: Haruna Usman Abubakar , Amos Oladunni Abimbola , Gyeltshen Dawa , Colet Paolo , Almazan Joseph , Ahmadi Attaullah , Sarria‐Santamera Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKazakhstan announced the first cases of COVID‐19 in March 2020. Within a span of a few months, the pandemic ravaged all regions affecting vulnerable populations due to limited access to healthcare services and co‐morbidities. To minimize the spread of the pandemic, the government announced the implementation of containment measures such as quarantine, movement restrictions, and lockdowns among others. The collateral effect of the pandemic has disrupted economic and learning activities pushing several people below the poverty line. The pandemic revealed the weakness of healthcare including the acute shortage of essential medicines and lack of hospital beds. This calls for stringent measures to revive the economy and mitigate the reeling effect of the pandemic. As a result, Kazakhstan commenced COVID‐19 vaccination efforts in February 2021. To date, about 47.8% are fully vaccinated pushing Kazakhstan closer to achieving herd immunity at the 60% threshold. However, the country faces challenges such as vaccine hesitancy and uncertainty surrounding vaccine effectiveness against new variants of SARS‐CoV2, among others. This paper aims to explore the health and socioeconomic challenges caused by COVID‐19 in Kazakhstan, control strategies, vaccination campaigns and progress towards herd immunity.
Developing transmission mode for infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Joignant Alena N. , Bai Hongxia , Guymon Jacob P. , Garrard Kenneth P. , Pankow Mark , Muddiman David C. 
Published: September 2022

RationaleThe development and characterization of the novel NextGen infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) source catalyzed new advancements in IR‐MALDESI instrumentation, including the development of a new analysis geometry.MethodsA vertically oriented transmission mode (tm)‐IR‐MALDESI setup was developed and optimized on thawed mouse tissue. In addition, glycerol was introduced as an alternative energy‐absorbing matrix for tm‐IR‐MALDESI because the new geometry does not currently allow for the formation of an ice matrix. The tm geom was evaluated against the optimized standard geometry for the NextGen source in reflection mode (rm).ResultsIt was found that tm‐IR‐MALDESI produces comparable results to rm‐IR‐MALDESI after optimization. The attempt to incorporate glycerol as an alternative matrix provided little improvement to tm‐IR‐MALDESI ion abundances.ConclusionsThis work has successfully demonstrated the adaptation of the NextGen IR‐MALDESI source through the feasibility of tm‐IR‐MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging on mammalian tissue, expanding future biological applications of the method.
Rapid, sensitive analysis method for determining the nitrogen stable isotope ratio of total free amino acids in soil
Authors: Yuan Hongzhao , He Zhen , Chen Xiangbi , Ge Tida , Zhang Liping , Wang Jiurong 
Published: September 2022

RationaleThe amino acid–nitrogen (AA‐N) isotope analysis of naturally abundant or isotope‐labeled samples is indispensable for tracing nitrogen transfer in soil nitrogen biogeochemical cycling processes. Despite the usefulness of AA‐N isotope analysis, the preparation methods are complex and time‐consuming, and necessitate the use of toxic reagents.MethodsWe present an improved, rapid method for AA‐N isotope analysis with high precision. At a high pH, AA‐N was released and oxidized to N2O using ClO− under vacuum. Additionally, purge‐and‐trap isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to analyze N2O. Moreover, we investigated the effect of various factors on the N2O conversion process with glycine and applied the results to seven representative single‐N AAs (alanine, serine, cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and phenylalanine) and five poly‐N AAs (lysine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan, and asparagine), as well as side‐chain analogs, blank reagent, and other N forms.ResultsThe concentration of ClO− and the pH were determined to be crucial factors for achieving desirable AA‐N to N2O conversion efficiencies. Glycine‐N had the highest N2O yield of 70%, with isotopic results consistent with those of the reference values at a high precision (within 0.5‰ for natural abundance and 0.01 atom% for 15N‐enrichment) at the nanomolar N level. Additionally, the α‐NH2 AAs were labile, and the single‐N AAs were more easily converted to N2O than poly‐N AAs. With the exception of γ‐aminobutyric acid, the N2O conversion efficiencies of the side‐chain N analogs were very low (below 5%). This method was also applicable to the 15N analysis of the total free AAs in complex soil samples without interference from analytical blanks and other forms of N.ConclusionsOur method is highly selective for the α‐NH2 groups of an amino acid, and the oxidation of the side chain is difficult. In addition, the method is sensitive, rapid, and convenient, and does not require toxic reagents.
Torque teno virus load as marker of rejection and infection in solid organ transplantation – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van Rijn AL , Roos R , Dekker FW , Rotmans JI , Feltkamp MCW 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBalancing immunosuppression to prevent rejection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remains challenging. Torque teno virus (TTV), a commensal non‐pathogenic virus, has been proposed as marker of functional immunity: higher loads correspond to over‐immunosuppression, and lower loads to under‐immunosuppression. This review offers an overview of the current evidence of the association between TTV‐load and infection and rejection after SOT. A systematic literature search strategy, deposited in the PROSPERO registry, resulted in 548 records. After screening, 23 original and peer‐reviewed articles were assessed investigating the association between TTV‐load, infection and/or rejection in SOT. The Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS)‐tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta‐analysis with random‐effects was performed on results with similar outcomes and exposure measures. Most of the included studies involved retrospective cohorts in which the TTV‐load was measured longitudinally, within the first 2 years post‐transplantation. Infection outcomes differed between studies and included viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Rejection was defined by biopsy confirmation or initiation of rejection treatment. Twelve out of 16 studies reported an association between high TTV‐load and infections, whereas 13 out of 15 reported an association between low TTV‐load and rejection. Meta‐analysis showed an increased risk of infection (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.32; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.97–1.14) and a decreased risk of rejection (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87–0.94; HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.71–0.76) per 1 log TTV‐load increase. The qualitative assessment showed varying risks of bias in the included studies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis indicates that blood TTV‐load measured within the first 2 years after SOT is associated with the risk of infection or allograft rejection, although substantial risk of bias in the studies included warrant cautious interpretation. The results in this review provide a rationale for larger, prospective, studies into TTV as marker of infection and rejection after SOT.
Robust secure synchronization control for multiple neural networks: An event‐triggered adaptive integral sliding mode method
Authors: Wang Jie , Dong Yuchen , Tian Bailing , Zong Qun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the robust secure synchronization control of multiple neural networks (MNNs) systems with external random disturbances in the presence of actuator and sensor attacks. First, the types of attacks are analyzed in detail. Actuator attacks refers to the damage of control input signals transmitted through the network layer, and sensor attacks refers to the damage of communication channels between neural networks (NNs). Then, for the attacked NNs system, by introducing a novel neighborhood synchronization error, two novel integral sliding mode (ISM) functions with the event‐triggered mechanisms are designed. Based on this, a distributed event‐triggered adaptive ISM secure synchronization control scheme is proposed. It is worth noting that the control signal and adaptive parameters in the proposed scheme are only updated at the triggering time instants, which further saves the energy and resources consumed by the system. Next, the sufficient conditions for secure synchronization of MNNs system are obtained by constructing Lyapunov function and a positive lower bound of the internal execution time is ensured. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed secure synchronization control strategy.
Self‐avoiding walk on the hypercube
Authors: Slade Gordon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the number of ‐step self‐avoiding walks on the ‐dimensional hypercube, and identify an ‐dependentconnective constantand amplitude such that is for all and , and is asymptotically as long as for any fixed . We refer to the regime as thedilute phase. We discuss conjectures concerning different behaviors of when reaches and exceeds , corresponding to a critical window and a dense phase. In addition, we prove that the connective constant has an asymptotic expansion to all orders in , with integer coefficients, and we compute the first five coefficients . The proofs are based on generating function and Tauberian methods implemented via the lace expansion, for which an introductory account is provided.