bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular context determines primary characteristics of human TRPC5 as a cold‐activated channel
Authors: Ptakova Alexandra , Mitro Michal , Zimova Lucie , Vlachova Viktorie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe human transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) is a calcium‐permeable, nonselective cation channel expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system and also in other tissues such as the kidney, synovium, and odontoblasts. TRPC5 has been recently confirmed to play a key role in spontaneous, inflammatory mechanical, and cold pain. Although TRPC5 activation is known to be cold sensitive, it is unclear whether this property is intrinsic to the channel protein and whether or to what extent it may be determined by the cellular environment. In this study, we explored the cold sensitivity of human TRPC5 at the single‐channel level using transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Upon decreasing the temperature, the channel demonstrated prolonged mean open dwell times and a robust increase in the open probability (Po), whereas the amplitude of unitary currents decreased ~1.5‐fold per 10°C of temperature difference. In the absence of any agonists, the temperature dependence of Po was sigmoidal, with a steep slope within the temperature range of 16°C–11°C, and exhibited saturation below 8–5°C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed significant changes in enthalpy and entropy, suggesting that substantial conformational changes accompany cold‐induced gating. The mutant channel T970A, in which the regulation downstream of G‐protein coupled receptor signaling was abrogated, exhibited higher basal activity at room temperature and a less steep temperature response profile, with an apparent threshold below 22°C. An even more pronounced decrease in the activation threshold was observed in a mutant that disrupted the electrostatic interaction of TRPC5 with the endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensor stromal interaction molecule 1. Thus, TRPC5 exhibits features of an intrinsically cold‐gated channel; its sensitivity to cold tightly depends on the phosphorylation status of the protein and intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Preparing for implementation of an entrustable professional activity assessment framework
Authors: Quinonez Rocio B. , Tittemore Ashley , Mason Matthew , Broome Angela , Wolcott Michael , Kornegay Elizabeth C. , Duqum Ibrahim , Fearnow Bethany , Phillips Keith , King Jack , Swift Edward J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing the adoption of competency‐based education in dentistry in the 1990s, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) were introduced in the field of medicine in the mid‐2000s to help educators better determine the competence of trainees. More recently, the field of dental education has begun exploring EPAs as a framework for assessing competence while ensuring compliance with accreditation standards. This paper explores one dental school's process of preparing for implementation of a major curriculum change using an EPA assessment framework, shifting away from the use of singular assessments for competency determination to a global and longitudinal approach using a constellation of data to determine practice readiness. This paper describes how the EPA framework was developed, including the complementary capacities, assessment tool development and programming, and data reporting to follow learner progression and determine practice readiness. We discuss lessons learned leading up to implementation, and we position this perspective as a space to describe opportunities and complexities to consider when using a longitudinal assessment system. We attend to the tension between the current language of Commission of Dental Accreditation Standards as “competencies” and the evolving conversation of operationalizing EPAs while addressing accreditation Standards. To do this, we describe the process of finalizing our EPA framework and preparing for initial implementation in a new curriculum.
On the cop number of graphs of high girth
Authors: Bradshaw Peter , Hosseini Seyyed Aliasghar , Mohar Bojan , Stacho Ladislav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe establish a lower bound for the cop number of graphs of high girth in terms of the minimum degree, and more generally, in terms of a certain growth condition. We show, in particular, that the cop number of any graph with girth and minimum degree is at least . We establish similar results for directed graphs. While exposing several reasons for conjecturing that the exponent in this lower bound cannot be improved to , we are also able to prove that it cannot be increased beyond . This is established by considering a certain family of Ramanujan graphs. In our proof of this bound, we also show that the “weak” Meyniel's conjecture holds for expander graph families of bounded degree.
Local development organisations in Saharan regions of North Africa: Expanding horizons
Authors: Hamamouche Meriem Farah , Faysse Nicolas , Kuper Marcel , Lejars Caroline , Errahj Mostafa , Kadiri Zakaria , Ben Aissa Nadhira , Benmihoub Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLocal development organisations are now widespread in rural regions of North Africa. In the past, these organisations were usually only involved in a few sector‐specific activities. This study investigated the activities of 24 local development organisations in the Saharan regions of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The fields of action of these organisations have expanded in the past decade, thanks to their increased capacity to handle relations with other actors. They have become active in defining what development means at the local level, although public administrations do not yet acknowledge such a role.
Impacts of regional uplift of the Tibetan Plateau on local summer precipitation and downstream moisture budget: A simulation study
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Jinghua , Lu Chunsong , Li Junjun , Liu Tianyu , Deng Liping , Li Yanwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a series of sensitivity experiments were conducted to study the individual and overall effects of the various topographic uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on regional climate variability. The presence of the southern slope of the TP facilitates the maintenance and development of the South Asia High (SAH), which produces a positive cyclic response between local precipitation and SAH, so that the northern branch of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) maintains the water vapor supply. At the same time, the southern slope of the TP has a positive effect on the mid‐latitude tropospheric anomalous cyclone and anticyclone systems which promotes the downstream advancement of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and is favourable for the transfer of water vapor and convective clouds downstream. The role of the TP platform is mainly due to the lifting of moisture generated by its local heating, which favours the formation of local convective clouds and precipitation while causing nonadiabatic warming of the troposphere. Water vapor transported from the TP could affect precipitation in central‐eastern China (CEC). However, the supply of water vapor in Southern East China (SEC) mainly comes from the southeast coast of China. The Tibetan Plateau sensitive areas (TPSA) have impacts on the water vapor transport path. Removing the TPSA favours an increase in precipitation and convective clouds in SEC. The removal of topographic disturbances favours the convergence and dispersion of water vapor at mid‐latitudes. The mid‐latitude dynamical anomaly may form a standoff with the low‐latitude dynamical system. This leads to inefficient precipitation and convective generation processes, a weakened monsoon advance over land, and a southward shift in the rainfall belt.
Application of the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus velezensis MMB‐51 as an efficient synergist of sweet potato foliar fertilizer
Authors: Ru Yunrui , Liu Jiawen , Xu Peijing , Gao Wenhui , Sun Di , Zhu Jingrong , Liu Cong , Liu Weijie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study focused on the application of a microbial biosurfactant as a synergist of the foliar fertilizer. A biosurfactant‐producing Bacillus velezensis MMB‐51 was firstly isolated, which produced the peak yield of 2.287 g/L biosurfactant BS‐51 at the optimum fermentation condition. The chemical nature of BS‐51 was identified as lipopeptide consisting of surfactin and fengycin, which exhibited a low CMC of 11.0 mg/L in ddH2O and a good stability in wide ranges of temperature, pH and NaCl concentration. The BS‐51 was then applied as a synergist of three common sweet potato leaf fertilizers. The result showed that BS‐51 increased the contact area of fertilizer with leaf surface by 51%–93% and the moving speed of fertilizer on the inclined leaf surface by 272%–459%, indicating that BS‐51 decreased the surface tension of three‐leaf fertilizers. BS‐51 also increased the fertilizer residue after it slipped from the inclined leaf surface from 18.5%–21.5% to 29.4–31.2% depending on their types, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of foliar fertilizer. In addition, B. velezensis MMB‐51 secretion inhibited the growth of sweet potato pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata. Therefore, B. velezensis MMB‐51 could act as an efficient synergist of crop foliar fertilizer with antifungal activity.
Exploring the kinetic selectivity of drugs targeting the β1‐adrenoceptor
Authors: Sykes David A. , Jiménez‐Rosés Mireia , Reilly John , Fairhurst Robin A. , Charlton Steven J. , Veprintsev Dmitry B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we report the β1‐adrenoceptor binding kinetics of several clinically relevant β1/2‐adrenoceptor (β1/2AR) agonists and antagonists. [3H]‐DHA was used to label CHO‐β1AR for binding studies. The kinetics of ligand binding was assessed using a competition association binding method. Ligand physicochemical properties, including logD7.4 and the immobilized artificial membrane partition coefficient (KIAM), were assessed using column‐based methods. Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures and hydrophobic and electrostatic surface maps were constructed in PyMOL. We demonstrate that the hydrophobic properties of a molecule directly affect its kinetic association rate (kon) and affinity for the β1AR. In contrast to our findings at the β2‐adrenoceptor, KIAM, reflecting both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of the drug with the charged surface of biological membranes, was no better predictor than simple hydrophobicity measurements such as clogP or logD7.4, at predicting association rate. Bisoprolol proved kinetically selective for the β1AR subtype, dissociating 50 times slower and partly explaining its higher measured affinity for the β1AR. We speculate that the association of positively charged ligands at the β1AR is curtailed somewhat by its predominantly neutral/positive charged extracellular surface. Consequently, hydrophobic interactions in the ligand‐binding pocket dominate the kinetics of ligand binding. In comparison at the β2AR, a combination of hydrophobicity and negative charge attracts basic, positively charged ligands to the receptor's surface promoting the kinetics of ligand binding. Additionally, we reveal the potential role kinetics plays in the on‐target and off‐target pharmacology of clinically used β‐blockers.
Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides used in the management of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on the predator Cycloneda sanguinea L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: da Silva Wanderson Rosa , Pereira Renata Cunha , Mendonça Laís Viana Paes , Peçanha Ludimila Simões , de Sales Abreu Letícia Moamad , Abib Pedro Henrique Nogueira , Samuels Richard Ian , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho , Silva Gerson Adriano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of synthetic insecticides is the main strategy used to reduce the damage caused by the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in commercial Brassica crops. However, incorrect insecticide use can cause biological and ecological disturbances in agroecosystems. Cycloneda sanguinea is a generalist voracious predator and is distributed widely in cultivated and noncultivated ecosystems. This study investigated the efficiency of four insecticides for the control of P. xylostella and the lethal and sublethal effects of these insecticides on C. sanguinea.RESULTSSpinosad (92% mortality) and chlorfenapyr (76% mortality) were highly toxic to P. xylostela. However, chlorantraniliprole (10% mortality) and methomyl (no mortality) were ineffective against this pest. Chlorantraniliprole was the only insecticide that was highly toxic to C. sanguinea by contact (90% mortality), however, it was nontoxic following the ingestion of chlorantraniliprole‐contaminated aphids. Interestingly, ingestion of prey contaminated with methomyl and chlorfenapyr was highly toxic (100% mortality) to C. sanguinea. Spinosad was nontoxic to C. sanguinea via exposure to contaminated surfaces and following ingestion of contaminated prey. However, direct contact of the insects with both methomyl and spinosad significantly affected C. sanguinea flight activity (vertical flight and free‐fall flight), whereas chlorfenapyr impacted vertical flight only.CONCLUSIONThese findings showed that chlorantraniliprole was not only ineffective for the control of P. xylostela, but was also highly toxic to C. sanguinea. The results indicated that spinosad was efficient against P. xylostela and was of low toxicity to C. sanguinea; however, the deleterious effects of this insecticide on flight behavior could result in reduced predatory efficiency. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A model‐based meta‐analysis of immune‐related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment for NSCLC
Authors: Zhang Renwei , Kong Daming , Chen Rong , Guo Yuchen , Jian Weizhe , Han Mengyi , Zhou Tianyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a vital part of the therapeutic landscape for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years benefiting from their remarkable efficacy. However, ICIs are associated with potentially life‐threatening immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). This study aims to quantify dose dependence and additional influencing factors of both any grade and grade greater than or equal to 3 irAEs in patients with NSCLC treated by ICIs. The trial‐level irAE data was collected and pooled from 129 cohorts in 81 clinical studies. A logit‐transformed meta‐regression model was applied to derive the quantitative relationship of irAE rate and ICI exposure. Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) or programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors showed no dose dependence in patients with NSCLC, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) inhibitors exhibited a statistically significant dose dependence when used alone or combined with PD‐1 or PD‐L1 inhibitors. Besides, therapy line and combination of ICIs with chemotherapy or target therapy were significant covariates. Hopefully, the results of this study can improve clinicians’ awareness of irAEs and be helpful for clinical decisions during ICI treatment for NSCLC.
Nigerian teachers' self‐reported climate science literacy and expressed training needs on climate change concepts: Prospects of job‐embedded situative professional development
Authors: Eze Emmanuel , Nwagu Eric K. N. , Onuoha Joseph C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe assessment of Nigerian teachers' climate science literacy and training needs on climate change concepts (i.e., causes, impacts, and solutions) are absent. This study relates teachers' climate science literacy and their expressed training needs in other climate change concepts and places teachers in groups. Following a descriptive survey design, 410 teachers were randomly sampled from 8338 public secondary school teachers in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria. A researcher‐developed instrument passing validity and reliability tests was used for this study. We implemented frequencies, mean, t test, ANOVA, k‐means cluster analyses, and Pearson's correlation for the analyses of collected data and tested all hypotheses at a p < 0.05 level of significance. Teachers reported low to moderate climate science literacy and expressed high training needs on climate change concepts. Lower climate science literacy was related to higher expressed training needs. Four groups of teachers ensued from our cluster analyses. Sadly, teachers who possess little or less climate science literacy and expressed less or no training needs in climate change causes, impacts, and solutions constitute over half of the respondents of this study (53.90%). These are mostly science teachers. This situation, if unreversed, may lead to the transfer of misconceptions and inaccurate information on climate change to students. Our findings support the prospects of school−university partnerships, coaching, mentoring, study groups, and co‐teaching for job‐embedded situative approaches to teachers' professional development (PD) to replace an endless wait for inadequate and irregular training opportunities from the government. Questions about the climate science literacy of teacher educators also arise.
18‐1: Invited Paper: Modeling and Optimizing Human‐in‐the‐Loop Visual Perception Using Immersive Displays: A Review
Authors: Sun Qi , Duinkharjav Budmonde , Patney Anjul 
Published: June 2022

New and rapidly‐evolving classes of display devices bridge the gap between us and the immersive experiences of the future. The most intimate of these displays are the Virtual‐ and Augmented‐Reality (VR and AR) ones, because they are capable of presenting synthetic environments that rival those in the real world. This ecosystem of personal and highly‐immersive displays offers new challenges for research in computer graphics, display technologies, and human visual perception. While the extensive advancements in the areas of display and computer graphics technologies traditionally end at the on‐screen “image,” there are several untapped opportunities for advances that exploit the interplay between the display characteristics and how our visual system perceives them.In this article, we review recent progress in understanding and modeling the perception of immersive displays, as well as perceptually optimizing display technologies for immersive experiences. We present this review in the form of a taxonomy that maps the various properties of modern displays with the perceptual phenomenon that most closely interacts with them. From this taxonomy, we deduce several unsolved challenges in understanding human perception of displays, as well as perceptually‐optimal characteristics of future displays.
74‐1: 31″ Flexible Printed OLED TV Display Technology: It's TV Mobiles
Authors: Lee Jueng Gil (James) , Gao Zhuo , Fu Dong , Yan Xiaolin 
Published: June 2022

The flexible printed OLED TV display technology will be able to create new application market, such as rollable/foldable TV, in the future. It's TV Mobiles. Recently, the TCL (Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology Ltd. Co, TCL CSOT & TCL Corporate Research) has successfully demonstrated the 31″ FHD flexible printed OLED TV in CES 2020. The product is fabricated by ink jet printing technology with top emission OLED device architecture, advanced encapsulation technology and is driven by IGZO oxide TFT B/P technology. The panel performance of 31″ flexible printed OLED TV has continuously improved drastically after demonstration at CES based on optimization of top emission OLED device architecture including printing OLED material development, MURA free printing technology, Oxide TFT B/P technology and advanced thin film encapsulation technology. The RGB device performance of 31” FHD flexible printed OLED TV has high current efficiency and long‐life time,R:(0.68,0.32), 46.3cd/A, LT95>8khrs@1knits,G:(0.28,0.70),115.5cd/A, LT95>6khrs@1knits,B:(0.13,0.062),5.35cd/A, LT95 >0.35khrs@1knits respectively.It is getting closer and closer to meet the commercial requirement of flexible OLED TV target specification. The technical challenges of 31″ FHD flexible printed OLED TV are also identified. In this paper, the technology development status and technical challenges are discussed
76‐4: Invited Paper: Innovation Solutions that Lead to AMLED Technologies
Authors: Xuan Minghua , Chen Xiaochuan , Yuan Guangcai , Wang Dan , Dong Xue 
Published: June 2022

LED display is not only used in the PM‐driven display devices we often see in PCB substrates, but also in the future, it can also be applied to glass‐based substrates of mobile phones, notebook computers, TVs and other consumer electronic products that require higher display image quality and low power consumption, may also be automotive, high‐speed rail, subway and other applications that require high reliability. It can also be applied to AR and even VR applications that require high brightness and high resolution and based on the characteristics of its LED inorganic light‐emitting devices, a variety of innovative applications can be developed indefinitely.This paper elaborates the innovative scheme of LED display based on glass substrate, combined with the TFT transistor process of glass substrate, driving circuit and innovative LED light‐emitting device, and proposes an innovative scheme for LED display applications
P‐77: Advanced Encapsulation Film for Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Teng Shih-Chieh , Huang Ju-Hui , Wu Lung-Hai , Liu Pei-Yi 
Published: June 2022

Most of the encapsulation films seen in the market use non‐pre‐metered coating technology, like dip coating or spray coating, which is difficult to control the film thickness, has poor film uniformity, low material utilization, and can only be coated on the front side, but cannot be used for three‐dimensional encapsulation.We proposed a silicone B‐stage material with coating and lamination processes, which can greatly reduce the cost of the process, improve the uniformity of film formation, and achieve the conformal coating of micro‐LED.
Ultrafine Ruthenium Clusters Shell‐Embedded Hollow Carbon Spheres as Nanoreactors for Channel Microenvironment‐Modulated Furfural Tandem Hydrogenation
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Ji Na , Xiong Jian , Han You , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Rui , Qiao Yina , Zhang Ming , Lu Xuebin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRationally modulating the catalytic microenvironment is important for targeted induction of specific molecular behaviors to fulfill complicated catalytic purposes. Herein, a metal pre‐chelating assisted assembly strategy is developed to facilely synthesize the hollow carbon spheres with ultrafine ruthenium clusters embedded in pore channels of the carbon shell (Ru@Shell‐HCSs), which can be employed as nanoreactors with preferred electronic and geometric catalytic microenvironments for the efficient tandem hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural toward 2‐methylfuran. The channel‐embedding structure is proved to confer the ultrafine ruthenium clusters with an electron‐deficient property via a reinforced interfacial charge transfer mechanism, which prompts the hydrogenolysis of intermediate furfuryl alcohol during the tandem reaction, thus resulting in an enhanced 2‐methylfuran generation. Meanwhile, lengthening the shell pore channel can offer reactant molecules with a prolonged diffusion path, and correspondingly a longer retention time in the channel, thereafter delivering an accelerated tandem hydrogenation progression. This paper aims to present a classic case that emphasizes the critical role of precisely controlling the catalytic microenvironment of the metal‐loaded hollow nanoreactors in coping with the arduous challenges from multifunctional catalyst‐driven complex tandem reactions.