Pengawasan aktivitas kapal pukat cincin yang berpangkalan di PPI Belang, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Rantung Fenly Robby , Sitanggang Effendi Pangihutan , Silooy Fanny 
Published: June 2022

The principal problems of fish catching in Indonesia until now is rampant illegal fishing, contributing negatively to the fisheries resources, regional and fishermen incomes. To avoid this illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, the Indonesian government issued a lot of regulations related to fishery surveillances. This research was to study the surveillance implementation of Law bases and its application, of illegal fishing potencies and legal actions, of law enforcement obstacles for fishing vessels unreported their arrival, and on General surveillance, and to study the relation of GT group size of purse seiners on 3 surveillance domains. From 95 purse seiners existing, 50 purse seiners have selected as samples, i.e. 9 units of 5 - 10 GT, 39 units of 11 - 30 GT, and 2 units of > 30 GT. One respondent is purposively selected as sample from each purse seiner sample, such as skippers (including assistants) and crews (fishermen), to be directly interviewed by using a Likert’s scale questionnaire, the total score is then articulated into 2 surveillance categories (bad or good) based on median value. The research showed that the surveillance of Law bases and its application was 60% good; of Potencies of illegal fishing and legal actions was 54% good, of The obstacles of law enforcement for fishing vessels disobeyed to report their arrival was 58% good; and of General surveillance was 56% good. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there were no a significant relation between GT group size of purse seiners and the implementation of 3 surveillance domains. As recommendations, Fishery Surveyor at PPI Belang have to increase their surveillance quality by training and education program and by optimizing existing surveillance instruments. Surveillance coordination between Fishery Surveyor and stakeholders need to be improved for increasing fishermen incomes, as well as regional incomes of Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province and Central government. Socialization and education of regulation laws in fishing need to be implemented including the socialization on the importance of sustainability fishery resource and fishing activities, as well as the safety, security and convenience of the crews and fishing boats.AbstrakPermasalahan utama dalam perikanan tangkap di Indonesia hingga saat ini adalah maraknya kegiatan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal, yang berkontribusi negatif terhadap keberadaan sumberdaya ikan, perekonomian daerah dan ekonomi nelayan. Dalam upaya melawan illegal, unreported and unregulatedfishing (IUU) tersebut, Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan sejumlah peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pengawasan perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pelaksanaan pengawasan terhadap aktivitas purse seiners dalam bidang Dasar hukum dan operasionalisasinya, Potensi illegal fishing dan sanksi hukum, dan Hambatan penegakan hukum bagi kapal yang tidak taat melaporkan kedatangannya, pada purse seiners yang berpangkalan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Belang oleh Pengawas Perikanan, dan hubungan antara kelompok GT purse seiners terhadap ketiga bidang tersebut, serta Pengawasan secara umum. Dari 95 purse seiners yang ada, 50 purse seiners dipilih sebagai sampel (9 kapal ukuran 5 - 10 GT, 39 kapal 11 - 30 GT, dan 2 kapal > 30 GT). Satu orang responden dipilih secara purposive dari setiap sampel, yaitu nahkoda (KKM) dan nelayan, untuk diwawancarai langsung menggunakan Likert’s scale questionnaire, yang kemudian diartikulasikan kedalam 2 kategori pengawasan (tidak baik atau baik) berdasarkan nilai median. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan aktivitas purse seiners dalam bidang Dasar hukum dan operasionalisasinya, 60% terkategori baik; bidang Potensi illegal fishing dan sanksi hukum, 54% baik, bidang Hambatan penegakan hukum bagi kapal-kapal yang tidak taat melaporkan kedatangannya, 58% baik; dan bidang pengawasan secara keseluruhan 56% baik. Analisis Pearson’s correlation menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara kelompok ukuran purse seiners di PPI Belang dengan pelaksanaan pengawasaan ketiga bidang tersebut. Disarankan agar Pengawas Perikanan di PPI Belang perlu lebih meningkatkan kualitas pengawasannya melalui diklat dan mengoptimalkan instrumen pengawasan yang ada. Koordinasi pengawasan antara Pengawas Perikanan dan stakeholders perlu terus ditingkatkan dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan nelayan, Kab. Minahasa Tenggara, Prov. Sulawesi Utara dan pemerintah pusat. Sosialisasi dan edukasi peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perikanan kepada para pelaku usaha perikanan tangkap perlu terus ditingkatkan, termasuk sosialisasi terhadap pentingnya kelestarian sumberdaya perikanan dan keberlanjutan aktivitas penangkapan ikan serta sosialisasi terhadap keselamatan, keamanan dan kenyamanan kru dan kapal penangkap ikan