bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Apical and Basolateral Lipids on the Function of the Band 3 Anion Exchange Protein
Authors: Hof Wouter van't , Malik Abha , Vijayakumar S. , Qiao Jizeng , Adelsberg Janet van , Al-Awqati Qais 
Published: July 2002

Although many polarized proteins are sorted to the same membrane domain in all epithelial tissues, there are some that exhibit a cell type–specific polarity. We recently found that band 3 (the anion exchanger AE1) was present in the apical membrane of a renal intercalated cell line when these cells were seeded at low density, but its targeting was reversed to the basolateral membrane under the influence of an extracellular matrix protein secreted when the cells were seeded at high density. Because apical and basolateral lipids differ in epithelia, we asked what effect might these lipids have on band 3 function. This question is especially interesting since apical anion exchange in these cells is resistant to disulfonic stilbene inhibitors while basolateral anion exchange is quite sensitive. Furthermore, the apical anion exchanger cannot be stained by antibodies that readily identify the basolateral protein.
We used short chain sphingolipid analogues and found that sphingomyelin was preferentially targeted to the basolateral domain in the intercalated cell line. The ganglioside GM1 (Gal 1β1, 3GalNAcβ1, 4Gal-NeuAcα2, 3Galβ1, 4Glc ceramide) was confined to the apical membrane as visualized by confocal microscopy after addition of fluorescent cholera toxin to filter grown cells. We reconstituted erythrocyte band 3 into liposomes using apical and basolateral types of lipids and examined the inhibitory potency of 4,4′-dinitorsostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DNDS; a reversible stilbene) on 35SO4/SO4 exchange. Although anion exchange in sphingomyelin liposomes was sensitive to inhibition, the addition of increasing amounts of the ganglioside GM1 reduced the potency of the inhibitor drastically. Because these polarized lipids are present in the exofacial surface of the bilayer, we propose that the lipid structure might influence the packing of the transmembrane domains of band 3 in that region, altering the binding of the stilbenes to these chains. These results highlight the role of polarized lipids in changing the function of unpolarized proteins or of proteins whose locations differ in different epithelia.
A cluster validity framework for genome expression data
Authors: Azuaje F. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: This paper presents a method for the assessment of expression cluster validity.
Availability: Executable programs are available on request from the author.
Contact: Francisco.Azuaje@cs.tcd.ie
Supplementary information: http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Francisco.Azuaje/Cval.html
Structure motif discovery and mining the PDB
Authors: Jonassen Inge , Eidhammer Ingvar , Conklin Darrell , Taylor William R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Many of the most interesting functional and evolutionary relationships among proteins are so ancient that they cannot be reliably detected through sequence analysis and are apparent only through a comparison of the tertiary structures. The conserved features can often be described as structural motifs consisting of a few single residues or Secondary Structure (SS) elements. Confidence in such motifs is greatly boosted when they are found in more than a pair of proteins.
Results: We describe an algorithm for the automatic discovery of recurring patterns in protein structures. The patterns consist of individual residues having a defined order along the protein’s backbone that come close together in the structure and whose spatial conformations are similar. The residues in a pattern need not be close in the protein’s sequence. The work described in this paper builds on an earlier reported algorithm for motif discovery. This paper describes a significant improvement of the algorithm which makes it very efficient. The improved efficiency allows us to use it for doing unsupervised learning of patterns occurring in small subsets in a large set of structures, a non-redundant subset of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database of all known protein structures.
Availability: The program is freely available to academia, requests can be sent to Inge.Jonassen@ii.uib.no.
Contact: Inge.Jonassen@ii.uib.no
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
European badger (Meles meles) responses to low‐intensity, selective culling: Using mark–recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation
Authors: Allen Adrian , Milne Georgina , McCormick Carl , Collins Shane , O'Hagan Maria , Skuce Robin , Trimble Nigel , Harwood Roland , Menzies Fraser , Byrne Andrew W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Culling the main wildlife host of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain (GB) and Ireland, the European badger (Meles meles), has been employed in both territories to reduce infections in cattle. In GB, this has been controversial, with results suggesting that culling induces disturbance to badger social structure, facilitating wider disease dissemination. Previous analyses hypothesized that even very low‐level, selective culling may cause similar deleterious effects by increasing ranging of individuals and greater mixing between social groups.
To assess this hypothesis, a novel, prospective, landscape‐scale ‘before‐and‐after’ Test and Vaccinate or Remove (TVR) study was implemented. Test‐positive badgers were culled and test‐negative badgers were Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccinated and released.
Mark–recapture metrics of badger ranging and genetic metrics of social group relatedness did not change significantly over the study period. However, selective culling was associated with a localized reduction in social group relatedness in culled groups.
Ecological context is important; extrapolation across territories and other disease epidemiological systems (epi‐systems) is likely to be challenging. However, we demonstrate that small‐scale, selective removal of test‐positive badgers was not associated with metrics of increased ranging but was associated with localized changes in social group relatedness. This adds to the evidence base on badger control options for policy makers.
Heptazine‐Based TADF Materials for Nanoparticle‐Based Nonlinear Optical Bioimaging
Authors: Mayder Don M. , Hojo Ryoga , Primrose William L. , Tonge Christopher M. , Hudson Zachary M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstracts‐Heptazines are emerging as strong electron acceptors for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials, yet the difficulties in synthesizing them have limited their practical use. Here, three novel s‐heptazine TADF materials with green to deep‐red emission (λmax = 525–664 nm) and high photoluminescence quantum yields, synthesized by either pseudoelectrophilic substitution or Negishi coupling routes, are described. These materials also demonstrate strong nonlinear optical absorption, with two‐photon cross sections up to 1260 GM. With deep‐red fluorescence, strong two‐photon absorption, high quantum yield, and delayed fluorescence, the emitter HAP‐3MeOTPA is ideally suited for use in nanoparticle‐based bioimaging experiments. The two kinds of luminescent nanoparticle are prepared, namely hostless, aggregate‐based organic dots (a‐Odots) and rigid, glassy Odots (g‐Odots) as biocompatible and water‐dispersible TADF probes. The g‐Odots are shown to retain the nonlinear optical properties, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and TADF observed in the constituent heptazine dye. These g‐Odots are then used as biological imaging probes with immortalized human kidney cancer (HEK293) cells, and single and multi‐photon‐excited microscopy coupled with time‐gated luminescence measurements are demonstrated. This work not only describes new routes to efficient heptazine‐based TADF materials, but also demonstrates their potential as nanoparticle‐based bioimaging probes combining several advanced optical functions.
Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Preparation from Top‐Down Approaches and Biological Functions
Authors: Du Yuan , Wang Hongyi , Yang Yang , Zhang Jianfeng , Huang Yue , Fan Shunwu , Gu Chenhui , Shangguan Liqing , Lin Xianfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted attention as delivery vehicles due to their structure, composition, and unique properties in regeneration and immunomodulation. However, difficulties during production and isolation processes of EVs limit their large‐scale clinical applications. EV mimetics (EVMs), prepared via top‐down strategies that improve the yield of nanoparticles while retaining biological properties similar to those of EVs have been used to address these limitations. Herein, the preparation of EVMs is reviewed and their characteristics in terms of structure, composition, targeting ability, cellular uptake mechanism, and immunogenicity, as well as their strengths, limitations, and future clinical application prospects as EV alternatives are summarized.
Interfacing Perforated Eardrums with Graphene‐Based Membranes for Broadband Hearing Recovery
Authors: Li Chunyan , Xiong Zhiyuan , Zhou Lei , Huang Weiluo , He Yushi , Li Linpeng , Shi Haibo , Lu Jiayu , Wang Jian , Li Dan , Yin Shankai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEardrum perforation and associated hearing loss is a global health problem. Grafting perforated eardrum with autologous tissues in clinic can restore low‐frequency hearing but often leaves poor recovery of high‐frequency hearing. In this study, the potential of incorporating a thin multilayered graphene membrane (MGM) into the eardrum for broadband hearing recovery in rats is examined. The MGM shows good biocompatibility and biostability to promote the growth of eardrum cells in a regulated manner with little sign of tissue rejection and inflammatory response. After three weeks of implantation, the MGM is found to be encapsulated by a thin layer of newly grown tissue on both sides without a significant folded overgrowth that is often seen in natural healing. The perforation is well sealed, and broadband hearing recovery (1–32 kHz) is enabled and maintained for at least 2 months. Mechanical simulations show that the high elastic modulus of MGM and thin thickness of the reconstructed eardrum play a critical role in the recovery of high‐frequency hearing. This work demonstrates the promise of the use of MGM as a functional graft for perforated eardrum to recover hearing in the broadband frequency region and suggests a new acoustics‐related medical application for graphene‐related 2D materials.
Dramatic Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in PbTe by Unconventional Grain Shrinking in the Sintering Process
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zhao Wei , Liu Xixi , Jia Baohai , He Jiaqing , Fu Liangwei , Xu Biao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanostructure engineering is a key strategy for tailoring properties in the fields of batteries, solar cells, thermoelectrics, and so on. Limited by grain coarsening, however, the nanostructure effect gradually degrades during the materials’ manufacturing and in‐service period. Herein, a strategy of cleavage‐fracture for grain shrinking is developed in a Pb0.98Sb0.02Te sample during sintering, and the grain size remains stable after repeated tests. Moreover, the initial grain boundary is filled by fractured slender grains and enriched by dislocations, evolving into a hierarchical grain‐boundary structure. The lattice thermal conductivity (klat) is greatly reduced to approach the amorphous limit. As a result, a record‐high ZT value of ≈1.9 is obtained at 815 K in the n‐type Pb0.98Sb0.02Te sample and a decent efficiency of 6.7% in thermoelectric device. This strategy for grain shrinking will shed light on the application of nanostructure engineering under high temperature and extreme conditions in other material systems.
Stacking and Twisting of Freestanding Complex Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Li Ying , Xiang Cheng , Chiabrera Francesco M. , Yun Shinhee , Zhang Haiwu , Kelly Daniel J. , Dahm Rasmus T. , Kirchert Charline K. R. , Cozannet Thomas E. Le , Trier Felix , Christensen Dennis V. , Booth Timothy J. , Simonsen Søren B. , Kadkhodazadeh Shima , Jespersen Thomas S. , Pryds Nini 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe integration of dissimilar materials in heterostructures has long been a cornerstone of modern materials science—seminal examples are 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures. Recently, new methods have been developed that enable the realization of ultrathin freestanding oxide films approaching the 2D limit. Oxides offer new degrees of freedom, due to the strong electronic interactions, especially the 3d orbital electrons, which give rise to rich exotic phases. Inspired by this progress, a new platform for assembling freestanding oxide thin films with different materials and orientations into artificial stacks with heterointerfaces is developed. It is shown that the oxide stacks can be tailored by controlling the stacking sequences, as well as the twist angle between the constituent layers with atomically sharp interfaces, leading to distinct moiré patterns in the transmission electron microscopy images of the full stacks. Stacking and twisting is recognized as a key degree of structural freedom in 2D materials but, until now, has never been realized for oxide materials. This approach opens unexplored avenues for fabricating artificial 3D oxide stacking heterostructures with freestanding membranes across a broad range of complex oxide crystal structures with functionalities not available in conventional 2D materials.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Synthesis of FeSe–MnSe Heterointerfaces with Abundant Se Vacancies Embedded in N,B Co‐Doped Hollow Carbon Microspheres for Accelerating the Sulfur Reduction Reaction
Authors: Hu Shunyou , Wang Tiansheng , Lu Beibei , Wu Dong , Wang Hao , Liu Xiangli , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrently, extensive research efforts are being devoted to suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides. The uncontrollable deposition of insulating Li2S onto the surface of sulfur host materials dramatically inhibits the continuous reduction of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, N,B co‐doped hollow carbon microspheres embedded with dense FeSe–MnSe heterostructures and abundant Se vacancies (FeSe–MnSe/NBC) are rationally designed and synthesized via a facile hydrothermal reaction using ionic liquids as dopants. The introduction of abundant heterostructures subtly guides Li2S nucleation and deposition in 3D frameworks, thus avoiding the formation of the Li2S passivation layer and allowing for continuous Li+ diffusion and subsequent nucleation of Li2S. Owing to these beneficial features, Li–S batteries comprising an FeSe–MnSe/NBC electrode exhibit significantly improved performance, including a high initial capacity of 1334 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and ultralong cycle stability with a low capacity fading rate of 0.029% cycle−1 over 1000 cycles at 1.0 C. Remarkably, the FeSe–MnSe/NBC pouch cell delivers a considerable areal capacity of 3.6 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C. This study provides valuable insight into heterostructures and Se vacancies for developing practical Li–S batteries.
An Ion‐Sieving Janus Separator toward Planar Electrodeposition for Deeply Rechargeable Zn‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Xiaotan , Li Jiangxu , Qi Kaiwen , Yang Yongqiang , Liu Dongyan , Wang Tianqi , Liang Shuquan , Lu Bingan , Zhu Yongchun , Zhou Jiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe irregular and random electrodeposition of zinc has emerged as a non‐negligible barrier for deeply rechargeable aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs), yet traditional texture regulation of the Zn substrate cannot continuously induce uniform Zn deposition. Here, a Janus separator is constructed via parallelly grown graphene sheets modified with sulfonic cellulose on one side of the commercial glass fiber separator through the spin‐coating technique. The Janus separator can consistently regulate Zn growth toward a locked crystallographic orientation of Zn(002) texture to intercept dendrites. Furthermore, the separator can spontaneously repel SO42− and anchor H+ while allowing effective transport of Zn2+ to alleviate side reactions. Accordingly, the Zn symmetric cell harvests a long‐term lifespan over 1400 h at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2 and endures stable cycling over 220 h even at a high depth of discharge (DOD) of 56%. The Zn/carbon nanotube (CNT)–MnO2 cell achieves an outstanding capacity retention of 95% at 1 A g−1 after 1900 cycles. Furthermore, the Zn/NH4V4O10 pouch cell with a Janus separator delivers an initial capacity of 178 mAh g−1 and a high capacity retention of 87.4% after 260 cycles. This work provides a continuous regulation approach to achieve crystallographic homogeneity of the Zn anode, which can be suitable for other metal batteries.
Atomic‐Scale Homogeneous RuCu Alloy Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Kim Chansol , Song Ji‐Yoon , Choi Changhyeok , Ha Jin Pil , Lee Wonmoo , Nam Yoon Tae , Lee Dong‐myeong , Kim Gunjoo , Gereige Issam , Jung Woo‐Bin , Lee Hyunjoo , Jung Yousung , Jeong Hyeonsu , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) is the most widely used metal as an electrocatalyst for nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) because of the relatively high N2 adsorption strength for successive reaction. Recently, it has been well reported that the homogeneous Ru‐based metal alloys such as RuRh, RuPt, and RuCo significantly enhance the selectivity and formation rate of ammonia (NH3). However, the metal combinations for NRR have been limited to several miscible combinations of metals with Ru, although various immiscible combinations have immense potential to show high NRR performance. In this study, an immiscible combination of Ru and copper (Cu) is first utilized, and homogeneous alloy nanoparticles (RuCu NPs) are fabricated by the carbothermal shock method. The RuCu homogeneous NP alloys on cellulose/carbon nanotube sponge exhibit the highest selectivity and NH3 formation rate of ≈31% and −73 μmol h−1 cm−2, respectively. These are the highest values of the selectivity and NH3 formation rates among existing Ru‐based alloy metal combinations.
Tailoring the Desorption Behavior of Hygroscopic Gels for Atmospheric Water Harvesting in Arid Climates
Authors: Lu Hengyi , Shi Wen , Zhang James H. , Chen Amylynn C. , Guan Weixin , Lei Chuxin , Greer Julia R. , Boriskina Svetlana V. , Yu Guihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ubiquitous nature of atmospheric moisture makes it a significant water resource available at any geographical location. Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology, which extracts moisture from the ambient air to generate clean water, is a promising strategy to realize decentralized water production. The high water uptake by salt‐based sorbents makes them attractive for AWH, especially in arid environments. However, they often have relatively high desorption heat, rendering water release an energy‐intensive process. A LiCl‐incorporating polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAM–LiCl) capable of effective moisture harvesting from arid environments is proposed. The interactions between the hydrophilic hydrogel network and the captured water generate more free and weakly bonded water, significantly lowering the desorption heat compared with conventional neat salt sorbents. Benefiting from the affinity for swelling of the polymer backbones, the developed PAM–LiCl achieves a high water uptake of ≈1.1 g g−1 at 20% RH with fast sorption kinetics of ≈0.008 g g−1 min−1 and further demonstrates a daily water yield up to ≈7 g g−1 at this condition. These findings provide a new pathway for the synthesis of materials with efficient water absorption/desorption properties, to reach energy‐efficient water release for AWH in arid climates.
Erbium‐Doped WS2 with Down‐ and Up‐Conversion Photoluminescence Integrated on Silicon for Heterojunction Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Li Qiuguo , Rao Hao , Mei Haijuan , Zhao Zhengting , Gong Weiping , Camposeo Andrea , Pisignano Dario , Yang Xianguang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe integration of 2D nanomaterials with silicon is expected to enrich the applications of 2D functional nanomaterials and pave the way for next‐generation, nanoscale optoelectronics with enhanced performances. Herein, a strategy for rare earth element doping is utilized for the synthesis of 2D WS2:Er nanosheets to achieve up‐conversion and down‐conversion emissions ranging from visible to near‐infrared regions. Moreover, the potential integration of the synthesized 2D nanosheets in silicon platforms is demonstrated by the realization of an infrared photodetector based on a WS2:Er/Si heterojunction. These devices operate at room temperature and show a high photoresponsivity of ≈39.8 mA W−1 (at 980 nm) and a detectivity of 2.79 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1. Moreover, the dark current and noise power density are suppressed effectively by van der Waals‐assisted p–n heterojunction. This work fundamentally contributes to establishing infrared detection by rare element doping of 2D materials in heterojunctions with Si, at the forefront of infrared 2DMs‐based photonics.
Synergistic Effects in N,O‐Comodified Carbon Nanotubes Boost Highly Selective Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to H2O2
Authors: Xu Shuhui , Lu Ruihu , Sun Kai , Tang Jialun , Cen Yaping , Luo Liang , Wang Ziyun , Tian Shubo , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochemical 2‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising route for renewable and on‐site H2O2 production. Oxygen‐rich carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated their high selectivity (≈80%), yet tailoring the composition and structure of carbon nanotubes to further enhance the selectivity and widen working voltage range remains a challenge. Herein, combining formamide condensation coating and mild temperature calcination, a nitrogen and oxygen comodified carbon nanotubes (N,O‐CNTs) electrocatalyst is synthesized, which shows excellent selective (>95%) H2O2 selectivity in a wide voltage range (from 0 to 0.65 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode). It is significantly superior to the corresponding selectivity values of CNTs (≈50% in 0–0.65 V vs RHE) and O‐CNTs (≈80% in 0.3–0.65 V vs RHE). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the C neighbouring to N is the active site. Introducing O‐related species can strengthen the adsorption of intermediates *OOH, while N‐doping can weaken the adsorption of in situ generated *O and optimize the *OOH adsorption energy, thus improving the 2‐electron pathway. With optimized N,O‐CNTs catalysts, a Janus electrode is designed by adjusting the asymmetric wettability to achieve H2O2 productivity of 264.8 mol kgcat–1 h–1.
A Stable Hexaazaoctacene Cruciform σ‐Dimer
Authors: Maier Steffen , Jester Fabian , Hoffmann Marvin T. , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Dreuw Andreas , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBuchwald‐Hartwig coupling of a triisopropylsilyl (TIPS)‐ethynylated dibromo‐N,N'‐dihydrotetraazapentacene with 1,4‐bis(TIPS‐ethynyl)‐2,3‐diaminonaphthalene furnishes a dihydrohexaazaoctacene. Its oxidation with MnO2 results in a 7,7'‐bi(hexaazaoctacenyl). In addition to eight TIPS‐ethynyl groups, the bioctacene motif protects the azaoctacene subunits. The biazaoctacenyl displays a τ1/2 of > 5 d in dilute solution under ambient conditions. In the crystalline state it is persistent for > 10 months.