bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ Satisfaction Of Online Learning In Oman
Authors: AL-OMAIRI ALHAM RASHID AAMIR , HEW SOON HIN 
Published: November 2022

Background: Due to the development facilitated by modern technology, the world has become a small village with instantly changing methods of education. Online education has become an alternative method for course delivery used by colleges and universities globally. Methods: The population of this study was N=564 students enrolled in asynchronous online learning at the College of Sharia Sciences in the Sultanate of Oman for the academic year 2020-2021. The survey instruments from “The Student Satisfaction Survey” developed by Strachota (2006) were utilized in this study. The survey included items in the following categories: demographics, learner instructor's interaction, learner-peer interaction, and lastly general satisfaction. The researcher reformulated the questions to suit the target group and some questions were changed to suit the target audience. Results: Remarkably, the data show that there is no direct relationship between demographic factors and student satisfaction with asynchronous online learning. On the other hand, there is a strong and noticeable relationship between students' satisfaction with asynchronous online learning and student-instructor interaction. There is also a correlation between students' satisfaction with asynchronous online learning and student-peer interaction. Conclusions: The students of the College of Sharia Sciences are on the whole very satisfied with asynchronous online learning; they consider it a very successful experience and recommend its use by students in other educational institutions.
16-channel photonic–electric co-designed silicon transmitter with ultra-low power consumption
Authors: Shi Jingbo , Jin Ming , Yang Tao , Shu Haowen , Yang Fenghe , Liu Han , Tao Yuansheng , Deng Jiangrui , Chen Ruixuan , Han Changhao , Qi Nan , Wang Xingjun 
Published: November 2022

A hybrid integrated 16-channel silicon transmitter based on co-designed photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and electrical chiplets is demonstrated. The driver in the 65 nm CMOS process employs the combination of a distributed architecture, two-tap feedforward equalization (FFE), and a push–pull output stage, exhibiting an estimated differential output swing of 4.0Vpp. The rms jitter of 2.0 ps is achieved at 50 Gb/s under nonreturn-to-zero on–off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation. The PICs are fabricated on a standard silicon-on-insulator platform and consist of 16 parallel silicon dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulators on a single chip. The chip-on-board co-packaged Si transmitter is constituted by the multichannel chiplets without any off-chip bias control, which significantly simplifies the system complexity. Experimentally, the open and clear optical eye diagrams of selected channels up to 50 Gb/s OOK with extinction ratios exceeding 3 dB are obtained without any digital signal processing. The power consumption of the Si transmitter with a high integration density featuring a throughput up to 800 Gb/s is only 5.35 pJ/bit, indicating a great potential for massively parallel terabit-scale optical interconnects for future hyperscale data centers and high-performance computing systems.
Estimating the number of livebirths to Hepatitis C seropositive women in England in 2013 and 2018 using Bayesian modelling
Authors: Dema Emily , Stander Julian , Cortina-Borja Mario , Thorne Claire , Bailey Heather 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe UK National Screening Committee currently recommends against antenatal screening for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in England due to lack of HCV prevalence data and treatment licensed for use in pregnancy. We aimed to produce regional and national estimates of the number and proportion of livebirths to HCV seropositive women in England in 2013 and 2018.MethodsA logistic regression model fitted in the Bayesian framework estimated probabilities of HCV seropositivity among 24,599 mothers delivering in the North Thames area of England in 2012 adjusted by maternal age and region of birth. These probabilities were applied to the underlying population structures of women delivering livebirths in England in 2013 and 2018 to estimate the number of livebirths to HCV seropositive women in these years nationally and by region. The Bayesian approach allowed the uncertainty associated with all estimates to be properly quantified.ResultsNationally, the estimated number of livebirths to women seropositive for HCV for England was 464 (95% credible interval [CI] 300–692) in 2013 and 481 (95%CI 310–716) in 2018, or 70.0 (95%CI 45.0–104.1) per 100,000 and 76.9 (95%CI 49.5–114.4) per 100,000 in these years respectively. Regions with the highest estimated number of livebirths to HCV seropositive women in 2013 and 2018 included London with 118.5 and 124.4 and the South East with 67.0 and 74.0 per 100,000 livebirths.ConclusionFew previous studies have investigated HCV among pregnant women in England. These findings complement and supplement existing research by providing national and regional estimates for the number of livebirths to HCV seropositive women in England. Bayesian modelling allows future national and regional estimates to be produced and the associated uncertainty to be properly quantified.
DR4/DQ2 haplotype confers susceptibility to T1DM with early clinical disease onset: A retrospective analysis in a tertiary-care hospital in Italy
Authors: Ricci Silvia , Perugia Francesca , Piccini Barbara , Lodi Lorenzo , Pegoraro Francesco , Giovannini Mattia , Rombolà Giovanni , Perferi Giancarlo , Toni Sonia , Azzari Chiara 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
T1DM is the most frequent form of diabetes in children. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis in which genetic, environmental and immunological factors are involved. Among genetic explanations a major role is attributed to second class HLA genes, with the greatest risk associated with the simultaneous presence of the haplotypes DR3DQ2 and DR4DQ8. Based on results obtained in other countries, the aim of this research is to verify a possible association between the haplotype DRB1 * 04: 05-DQA1 * 03-DQB1 * 02 and the onset of T1DM among Italian children with possible genotype-phenotype correlations. Greater knowledge of genes which increase or decrease susceptibility is important for genome analysis.

Materials and methods
165 patients with type 1 diabetes treated at the Diabetology Unit of the Meyer Children’s University Hospital, were clinically analyzed. Data relating to age at diagnosis, pancreatic anti-beta cell autoimmunity, comorbidities with date of diagnosis and family history were retrospectively collected from medical data. A case-control study was conducted to investigate the HLA types of the patients compared to a control group of 819 Tuscan donors enrolled in the National Bone Marrow Donor Register. Typing was carried out using the Eurospital "DIABEGEN" kit, currently in use at the immunology laboratory of the Meyer Children’s University Hospital.

Results
Mean age at diagnosis was 9.3 years; most children (97%) had anti-pancreatic beta cell autoimmunity; the anti-insulin antibody (IAA) was more frequent among children with early clinical disease onset (0–5 years of age). From the case control comparison performed on HLA typing, it emerged that the greatest risk for the development of type 1 diabetes is conferred by the haplotypes DR3DQ2 and DR4DQ8, but in addition to these haplotypes, already known in other countries, we identified another haplotype, DR4DQ2 (DRB1 * 04: 05-DQA1 * 03-DQB1 * 02) which appears to predispose children to type 1 diabetes (p value 2.80E-08) and it is associated with early clinical disease onset (p-value = 0.002).

Conclusions
We report a new haplotype which increases susceptibility to type 1 diabetes among Italian children and which is associated with early clinical disease onset. Given the central role attributed to genetic factors in the pathogenesis of T1DM and to the II class HLA genes, this new haplotype ought to be recognized as a risk factor and included in tests routinely carried out to identify patients with a genetic predisposition to type I diabetes in Italy. These findings could have practical implications in research and prevention programs.
New multimodal intervention to reduce irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) severity symptoms—Pilot study with a 12 month follow-up
Authors: Hinse Maximilian , Thronicke Anja , Berghöfer Anne , Matthes Harald 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by patients’ high level of suffering. Up to 60% of patients with IBS have symptoms of anxiety or depression and only little attention has been paid to their specific requirements. Anthroposophical multimodal therapy (AMT) has been shown to significantly improve health-related quality of life of patients with high symptomatic burden.

Objective
The aim of this pilot study was to find out whether AMT meets the needs of IBS patients and the interactions of AMT with IBS, depression and anxiety

Methods
Patients with diagnosed IBS were included in a feasibility study and received 12 sessions of AMT over 8 weeks (drks.de, DRKS00016890). The primary endpoint was the change of the IBS severity score (IBS-SSS) and changes were calculated by linear mixed effects analyses. The secondary endpoints were changes of self-reported PHQ-9 and GAD-7 for mental comorbidity as well as self-valued effectiveness and satisfaction of AMT.

Results
Thirty-six patients, 89% female, were included in the study. AMT was successfully applied to IBS patients (-45 points in the IBS-SSS, p < .05). AMT had a large positive effect (-84 points in IBS-SSS, p < .003) on patients without anxiety or depression. Over time, patients with higher anxiety scores worsened with regard to their IBS compared to patients with depression and without mental comorbidity. The AMT effect was maintained at a 12 month follow up and both mentally affected and unaffected patients, had even lower IBS severity than shortly after AMT. AMT modules were rated by IBS patients as very effective.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that an 8-week program of AMT improves the severity of IBS with an ongoing effect at a 12 month follow-up. Especially for patients without psychological comorbidities, AMT is very successful. Future IBS therapies should incorporate a modified multimodal concept with stronger psychological therapy modules in parallel for patients with depression and anxiety.
Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
Authors: Yin Tian-Peng , Yan Yuan-Feng , He Jian-Min 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present review summarizes the multifaceted uses and recent findings regarding the phytochemistry, traditional use, pharmacology, and toxicity of the extracts and compounds of Aconitum coreanum Rapaics (Ranunculaceae) for the first time to facilitate further research and exploitation of these types of compounds and the utilization of A. coreanum plants. A. coreanum is one of the most important medicinal Aconitum species and has been traditionally and popularly used in China and other Asian countries for the treatment of headaches and migraines, Bi syndrome induced by wind, cold and dampness, and facial paralysis. Phytochemical studies have led to the isolation of 55 distinct small molecule compounds from A. coreanum, most of which are diterpenoid alkaloids. Related pharmacological studies have focused primarily on the antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer activities of A. coreanum and its derived drugs. Alkaloids have been demonstrated to be the main active ingredients in this plant. In particular, hetisine-type DAs, mainly Guan-fu base A and its analogues, which possess prominent antiarrhythmic effects, other effects, and hypotoxicity, could be regarded as the representative constituents of A. coreanum. Polysaccharides from A. coreanum also displayed broad bioactivities, demonstrating great potential for further research and exploitation. However, few of the current studies have examined the main active components in A. coreanum from different regions. In addition, most of the pharmacological studies on A. coreanum polysaccharides were carried out using crude or poorly characterized fractions. Finally, reliable analytical methods and deeper studies on the toxicity of the compounds from A. coreanum are needed to ensure the safe usage of these products.
Optimization process of resistance spot welding for high-strength low-alloy steel using Taguchi method
Authors: Khaleel Hayder H. , Mahmood Ibtihal A. , Khoshnaw Fuad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is considered as predominant welding technique that is used in the manufacturing of modern automobile structure. The automobile structure is made of high strength steel which is preferred by the car industry companies due to its high strength-weight ratio. This work presents an optimization method for RSW of high-strength low-alloy steel DOCOL 500 LA. Tensile test and microstructure analysis for base material (BM) were carried out to get the mechanical properties of BM and to specify the rolling direction. Taguchi method, high efficiency technique, was applied using Minitab19 software to achieve the optimization process. Tensile shear test was carried out to evaluate the strength of welding nugget, absorbed energy and failure mode. The results showed that the optimum parameters were 8,800 A for the current, 30 cycles for the welding time and 2,230 N for the electrode force and two types of failure modes could be observed which were interfacial and full pullout mode.
Possibility of using the DInSAR method in the development of vertical crustal movements with Sentinel-1 data
Authors: Naumowicz Bartosz , Wieczorek Beata , Pelc-Mieczkowska Renata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate the possibility of using Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) to develop models of vertical crustal movements (VCMs). We determined VCM using the DInSAR method in the locations of four Polish GNSS stations: Borowa Góra, Borowiec, Lamkówko, and Józefosław. They are included in the International GNSS service and EUREF permanent GNSS networks. All Sentinel-1A and 1B satellite data were from 2020, and the time intervals of the created interferograms are 12 days, 24 days, and 336 days for each of the orbits: ascending and descending. We verified the calculated results of VCM based on GNSS data recorded by individual stations. We developed reference data with the precise point positioning (PPP) method. We confronted them with the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory service. The GNSS data covered larger time intervals than the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. To calculate daily positions with the PPP method we used GipsyX software. The obtained results of the directions of displacement are convergent between SAR and GNSS data. The values differ from each other, both between the types of orbits and GNSS data. The obtained results allow us to assume that SAR data developed using the DInSAR method may provide additional support in the development of VCM models in the Polish area, but they cannot be the only source of such results.
Supervoxel-based targetless registration and identification of stable areas for deformed point clouds
Authors: Yang Yihui , Schwieger Volker 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Accurate and robust 3D point cloud registration is the crucial part of the processing chain in terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)-based deformation monitoring that has been widely investigated in the last two decades. For the scenarios without signalized targets, however, automatic and robust point cloud registration becomes more challenging, especially when significant deformations and changes exist between the sequence of scans which may cause erroneous registrations. In this contribution, a fully automatic registration algorithm for point clouds with partially unstable areas is proposed, which does not require artificial targets or extracted feature points. In this method, coarsely registered point clouds are firstly over-segmented and represented by supervoxels based on the local consistency assumption of deformed objects. A confidence interval based on an approximate assumption of the stochastic model is considered to determine the local minimum detectable deformation for the identification of stable areas. The significantly deformed supervoxels between two scans can be detected progressively by an efficient iterative process, solely retaining the stable areas to be utilized for the fine registration. The proposed registration method is demonstrated on two datasets (both with two-epoch scans): An indoor scene simulated with different kinds of changes, including rigid body movement and shape deformation, and the Nesslrinna landslide close to Obergurgl, Austria. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits a higher registration accuracy and thus a better detection of deformations in TLS point clouds compared with the existing voxel-based method and the variants of the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm.
Ray tracing-based delay model for compensating gravitational deformations of VLBI radio telescopes
Authors: Lösler Michael , Eschelbach Cornelia , Greiwe Ansgar , Brechtken Rainer , Plötz Christian , Kronschnabl Gerhard , Neidhardt Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe precision and the reliability of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) depend on several factors. Apart from fabrication discrepancies or meteorological effects, gravity-induced deformations of the receiving unit of VLBI radio telescopes are identified as a crucial error source biasing VLBI products and obtained results such as the scale of a realized global geodetic reference frame. Gravity-induced deformations are systematical errors and yield signal path variations (SPVs). In 1988, Clark and Thomsen derived a VLBI delay model, which was adopted by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) to reduce these systematic errors. However, the model parametrizes the SPV by a linear substitute function and considers only deformations acting rotationally symmetrically. The aim of this investigation is to derive the signal path variations of a legacy radio telescope and a modern broadband VGOS-specified radio telescope and to study the effect of nonrotationally symmetric deformation patterns. For that purpose, SPVs are obtained from a nonlinear spatial ray tracing approach. For the first time, a tilt and a displacement of the subreflector perpendicular to the optical axis of the feed unit is taken into account. The results prove the commonly used VLBI delay model as a suitable first-order delay model to reduce gravity-induced deformations.
Self-Driving Cars and Some (Unintended) Regulatory Barriers in India: A Road Less Travelled?
Authors: Khanderia Saloni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The deployment of self-driving cars seems to be the recent focus in several parts of the world. The operation of Robotaxis, shuttles and other forms of public transport in the United States [the US], China and France are illustrative of these trends. Some other parts of the world, such as Germany and Japan, have simultaneously been gearing up to open public roads to such cars. The recent trends indicate that implementation of such modern technologies is no longer a moot point. Instead, current questions have increasingly focused on how, not whether, technological developments such as these may safely be adapted into public life. The introduction of self-driving cars has not been free of complexities. Among other things, their introduction necessitates an urgent overhaul of the regulatory environment to address the unique challenges of modern technologies. On the legislative front, the formulation of clear, coherent rules to ascertain the rights and liabilities of the various stakeholders, such as users vis-à-vis owners and manufacturers, for harm caused by such vehicles has become indispensable. On several occasions, the determination of liability for harm caused by self-driving vehicles would involve an interplay between domestic accident-liability rules and conflict-of-laws rules, especially where the damage has allegedly been caused by a car that has been manufactured overseas. In the absence of a treaty or Convention, several major jurisdictions such as Germany, France, the UK and China have developed legal principles in tandem with the introduction of self-driving cars. In contrast, India has been unmoved by these global developments. As the world progresses towards a legal discourse to revamp the regulatory framework to address the challenges of self-driving cars, India has stood firm in banning their operation. On the other hand, consumer anxieties concerning the operation of such vehicles on public roads in India have consistently risen – depicting the lack of trust in the ability of the current legislative framework to safeguard the rights and interests of the potential users and injury victims. This article attempts to identify the source of consumer concerns. It critically evaluates the predicaments that adjudicators and claimants may encounter if ordinary legal principles for motor vehicle injuries are extended to self-driving cars. The article demonstrates the uncertainties in Indian law on the subject of self-driving cars. The present legislative principles merely stipulate the mechanism to ascertain the liability for fatal or grave injuries caused by motor vehicles without concurrently prescribing the consequences of forms of damage that are not fatal or grave. Consequently, the paper recognizes the need for special rules on the regulation of self-driving cars and, accordingly, examines some workable solutions that Indian lawmakers may consider adopting if the ban on self-driving cars is eventually lifted.
Design and optimization of molten salt reactor monitoring system based on digital twin technology
Authors: Liu Wenqian , Han Lifeng , Huang Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The nuclear power industry is developing rapidly toward intelligence and scale, the digital twin was combined with the industrial interconnection technology to solve the key problems in the application of the digital twin, such as the three-dimensional model presentation, real-time data docking, and the improvement of intelligence degree. Based on the example of Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel (TMSR-SF0). Firstly, the three-dimensional twin of nuclear power equipment is constructed and the real-time update of twin data is realized based on the Node-EPICS event driver and Websocket communication protocol; Then, the communication interface with MySQL database is developed to realize the storage and management of data; Finally, the PID control system of molten salt circuit pipeline is integrated with back propagation neural network algorithm, and the efficiency and precision of temperature control system are improved by self-modification of weight. The results show that this system has the functions of three-dimensional display, network communication, data storage, and parameter optimization, and the data update cycle is raised to 100 ms, which can provide a certain reference value for the digital transformation of the nuclear monitoring field.