bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kosmische Narben
Authors: Gottwald Manfred , Kenkmann Thomas , Reimold Wolf Uwe 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Bildung von Einschlagkratern ist ein fundamentaler Prozess im Sonnensystem. Er dauert seit dem frühesten Beginn der Bildung der Planeten und ihrer Monde an. Auf der Erde wurde dadurch sogar die Entwicklung des Lebens beeinflusst. In den zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten wurden die Vorgänge, die beim Einschlag eines extraterrestrischen Projektils ablaufen, intensiv erforscht und sind weitgehend verstanden. Durch geologische Geländearbeit wurden inzwischen etwa 200 terrestrische Impaktstrukturen identifiziert, deren Alter, Größe und Erhaltungszustand einen sehr weiten Bereich abdecken. Ein neu erschienener Atlas, basierend auf dem globalen Höhenmodel der Radarmission TanDEM‐X, beschreibt erstmals all diese Impaktstrukturen in reich illustrierter Form. Mit diesem zweibändigen Werk gibt es nun auch für unseren Heimatplaneten eine vollständige Übersicht seines Impaktinventars.
Das Atom der Erkenntnis
Authors: Udem Thomas , Taray Derya , Grinin Alexey 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungNeue physikalische Erkenntnisse ergeben sich aus der Beobachtung neuer Phänomene oder aus Widersprüchen zwischen Theorie und Experiment. Die 1814 von Fraunhofer beobachten Linien im Sonnenspektrum sind ein gutes Beispiel für ein neues, zu seiner Zeit unbekanntes Phänomen. Das führte zur Entwicklung des wichtigen Forschungsgebiets der Spektroskopie. Bei vermeintlichen Widersprüchen zwischen Theorie und Experiment muss zunächst sichergestellt werden, dass sowohl die Berechnungen als auch die Messungen fehlerfrei sind, beziehungsweise dass deren Unsicherheiten korrekt abgeschätzt wurden. Beim sogenannten Protonenradius‐Rätsel hatte man zunächst eine Diskrepanz zwischen Messungen am Wasserstoffatom und myonischen Wasserstoff festgestellt. Diese sind nicht mit dem Standardmodell im Einklang. Neuere Daten lassen dagegen unterschätzte experimentelle Unsicherheiten vermuten, weil die Unterschiede gleicher Messgrößen aus verschiedenen Laboren in der Größenordnung des Protonenradius‐Rätsels liegen. Die Ursache dafür sollte zunächst gefunden werden, bevor auf neue Physik jenseits des Standardmodells geschlossen werden kann.
Der facettenreiche Schatten einer Kerzenflamme
Authors: Suhr Wilfred , Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Projektion einer brennenden Kerze auf eine helle Wand wird das durch die Flamme und Abgasfahne der Kerze gehende Licht in unterschiedlicher Weise aus seiner ursprünglichen Richtung abgelenkt. Als Ursache dafür erweisen sich die infolge der Verbrennung auftretenden großen Temperaturdifferenzen und die damit einhergehenden Änderungen des Brechungsindexes sowie der hohe Brechungsindex des entstehenden Wachsdampfes im Flammenkern. Mit Hilfe von experimentellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen gelingt es, im Rahmen der Strahlenoptik von der beobachtbaren Lichtablenkung auf die Verteilung des Brechungsindexes in diesem Bereich zu schließen.
Case report: Congenital extrahepatic portocaval shunt presenting as pulmonary arterial hypertension in a pregnant patient
Authors: Harlander Matevž , Badovinac Maja , Markoska Frosina , Salobir Barbara , Štupnik Tomaž , Dolenšek Marija Iča , Kern Izidor , Gorjup Vojka , Galiè Nazzareno 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCongenital extrahepatic portocaval shunt (CEPS) is a rare condition in which a rare congenital vascular anomaly of the portal system is present. CEPS may manifest as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). When diagnosed and treated early, PAH can be reversible. We report a case of a previously asymptomatic woman, who manifested with severe pulmonary hypertension during pregnancy and was consequently diagnosed with CEPS. After unsuccessful medical treatment, urgent lung transplantation was done.
Effect of pulmonary hypertension on 5‐year outcome of kidney transplantation
Authors: Rabih Fadi , Holden Rhiannon L. , Vasanth Payaswini , Pastan Stephen O. , Fisher Micah R. , Trammell Aaron W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension affects about one in four patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and significantly increases the risk of death. Kidney transplantation is the recommended management option for patients with progressive or end‐stage kidney disease. However, the resource‐limited nature of kidney transplantation and its intensive peri‐operative and posttransplantation management motivates careful consideration of potential candidates’ medical conditions to optimally utilize available graft organs. Since pulmonary hypertension is known to increase peri‐operative morbidity and mortality among patients living with chronic kidney disease, we performed a retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of pretransplantation pulmonary hypertension on posttransplantation outcome. All patients who underwent single‐organ kidney transplantation at our center in calendar years 2010 and 2011 were identified and the presence of pulmonary hypertension was determined from pretransplantation echocardiography. Outcome was assessed at 5 years following kidney transplantation. Of 350 patients who were included, 117 (33%) had evidence of pulmonary hypertension. The risk of death, graft dysfunction, or graft failure at 5 years after kidney transplantation was higher among those with pulmonary hypertension, primarily owing to an increased risk of graft dysfunction. Importantly, in this institutional cohort of kidney transplant recipients, pretransplant pulmonary hypertension was not associated with a difference in posttransplant survival at 5 years. While institutional and regional differences in outcome can be expected, this report suggests that carefully selected patients with pulmonary hypertension receive similar long‐term benefits from kidney transplantation.
Contracting to (dis)incentivize? An integrative transaction‐cost approach on how contracts govern specific investments
Authors: Lo Desmond (Ho‐Fu) , Zanarone Giorgio , Ghosh Mrinal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryBuyer–supplier collaborations are plagued by multiple frictions—haggling, non‐contractible adaptation, and resource appropriation. This article examines how contracts govern relationship‐specific investment in the face of these frictions. In our model, investment increases the value the supplier creates for the buyer ex post by adapting a component to her needs. At the same time, specific investment exposes the supplier to haggling, while providing him with knowledge needed to appropriate the buyer's preexisting resources. By muting both haggling and adaptation incentives, “closed price” contracts elicit higher investment than “open price” contracts when adaptation is unimportant, and lower investment otherwise. Moreover, an optimal price format seeks to incentivize investment when resource appropriation is unimportant, and to disincentivize investment otherwise. Our evidence on component procurement contracts supports both predictions.Managerial SummaryThis study offers new insights on how OEMs govern their collaborations with suppliers. We examine settings where the supplier invests in producing a dedicated component, and ask under which contractual form she is more/less motivated to invest. We find that “closed price” contracts decrease supplier's investment when the component has a complex interface with the OEM's product, and hence is more subject to post‐contractual adaptation. We also find that OEMs choose the contract that discourages investment when they possess unique resources that too‐closely‐involved suppliers may copy or appropriate. Managers at OEMs that possess proprietary technologies and customer bases are exposed to the appropriation downside of suppliers' dedicated investment, and will thus benefit from learning through our study how other professionals address this issue.
Long‐term outcome of a dog with surgically resected thoracic intramedullary haemangioblastoma and concurrent lumbosacral disease
Authors: Lu Hui Yu , Jerram Richard Martyn , Hoddinott Katie Leigh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 5‐year‐old male, neutered, English Bulldog presented for acute progressive paraparesis. Neurological examination revealed a weak withdrawal reflex in the left pelvic limb and lumbosacral pain, suggestive of a L4–S3 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an incidental intramedullary mass at the T9 vertebra and L7–S1 intervertebral disc protrusion with bilateral foraminal stenosis. The dog was treated with epidural methylprednisolone. Repeat neurological examination postepidural revealed normal withdrawal reflexes and resolution of lumbosacral spinal pain. However, progressive paraparesis, thoracolumbar pain and epaxial muscle atrophy were evident. A T3–L3 myelopathy was suspected secondary to the intramedullary mass. The mass was surgically resected, and histology revealed haemangioblastoma. Neurological status improved initially, but deteriorated later due to the lumbosacral disease. The dog improved following repeat methylprednisolone epidural injection, but remained paraparetic. This case report is consistent with previous literature and provides additional information on the treatment and prognosis of spinal cord haemangioblastoma with concurrent lumbosacral disease.
First case of pithomycotoxicosis in sheep in the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra Eveline , Harkema Liesbeth , Vellema Piet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPithomycotoxicosis, commonly known as facial eczema, is a hepatogenous photosensitisation in grazing ruminants caused by intake of sporidesmin‐containing spores of the saprophytic fungus Pithomyces chartarum. Although this is a significant sheep disease in various countries in the world, it is rarely seen in Europe, and has been reported only once in the Netherlands, but in cattle. In October 2019, both sheep and lambs in a flock of 50 breeding sheep showed clinical signs of photosensitisation, including oedematous facial swelling, reddening of eyelids, ulcerative skin lesions, hyperpigmentation, and in some cases icteric sclerae. The combination of clinical signs, seriously elevated glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin, necropsy findings, course of events, time of the year, absence of known toxic plants or mycotoxins, strongly suggest that sporidesmin was the most probable cause of this case of hepatogenous photosensitisation, which makes this the first reported case of pithomycotoxicosis in sheep in the Netherlands.
Is Peer Review Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Tight Malcolm 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeer review is endemic to judgement in higher education. It is assumed that when we need to make a judgement on the quality of something—student performance, academic employment, teaching, research and publication—then we may rely on the assessment of peers, whether they be fellow students, lecturers or more senior academics. This chapter will illustrate and challenge this assumption, and assess how ‘fit for purpose’ peer review is in twenty-first century academe. It will focus on different practices of peer review in the contemporary higher education system, it will also question how well they work, how they might be improved and what the alternatives are. The examples to be discussed include refereed journal articles, the assessment of doctoral degrees and the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF).
Peer Review in Academic Promotion of Excellent Teachers
Authors: Forsberg Eva , Levander Sara , Elmgren Maja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile research merits have long been the priority in the recognition of institutions and scholars, teaching is often downplayed, appearing as a practice of less worth in Academia. To counteract this tendency, various systems to upgrade the value of education and to promote teaching excellence have been introduced by higher education institutions on a global scale. In this chapter, we explore the values and beliefs unveiled in the promotion of academics in such a system. We employ empirical data collected from an inquiry into the promotion of distinguished university teachers at a comprehensive university in Sweden. An analysis of reviewers’ judgements and legitimations shows that the intersection between promotion, peer review, and excellent teaching affects not only the peer review process, but also the notion of the distinguished university teacher.
Peers in Systematic Review: Gate Keeping Understandings of Research in the Field
Authors: Prøitz Tine S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the role of scholarly peers in systematic review is analysed and discussed. Peer evaluation is an essential element of quality assurance of the strictly defined methods of systematic review. The involvement of scholarly peers in the systematic review processes has similarities with traditional peer review processes in academic publishing, but also important differences. Drawing on an analysis of the functions of peers in systematic review relevant questions for all peers are raised regarding what peer work is about and what peers in varied academic contexts including systematic review are ‘gatekeepers’ of? In systematic review, peers are not only making re-judgements of already reviewed and published research but also gatekeeping the given standards, guidelines and procedures of the review method. The analysis lays a groundwork for a debate on peers in different contexts framed by different processes with different purposes, and questions whether a peer review is the same when the premise of the scholarly activity changes.
Typecasting in the Recruitment of Full Professors
Authors: Levander Sara , Forsberg Eva , Lindblad Sverker , Bjurhammer Gustaf J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recruitment of full professors is critical for the formation of academia. The professorship is critical not only for the prosperity of the HEIs, but especially so for the establishment, development and communication of the discipline. In this chapter, we analyze the initial step of the typecasting process in the recruitment of full professors. We use a few cases to illustrate how the intellectual and social organization of the field of education science(s) is manifested in publicly posted job advertisements. The analysis shows that the field is characterized by heterogeneity and no longer has a basis in one single discipline. New relations between research, teaching, and society can be observed, as well as a narrowing of authority of the professorship but an increase of responsibilities.
Assessing Academic Careers: The Peer Review of Professorial Candidates
Authors: Hammarfelt Björn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reputation of an academic is dependent on their recognition among a wider community of peers, which means that the research field, rather than the institution, is the venue where careers are valued. This chapter looks at discipline specific practices for evaluating publications oeuvres in three fields; biomedicine, economics and history. The material consists of reports, written by independent referees, commissioned by Swedish universities when hiring for new professors. The approach is to study how ‘value’ is enacted with special attention to the kind of tools—judgements, indicators and metrics—that are used. The chapter concludes by relating the findings to a broader context of how academics are assessed, and the implications that such practices may have for knowledge production and careers are discussed.
Peer Review in Public Administration: The Case of the Swedish Higher Education Authority
Authors: Ers Agnes , Tegler Jerselius Kristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to explore the method of peer review as it has been practised within the framework of the Swedish national system for quality assurance of higher education. By highlighting and comparing examples from two reviews, 1997–1998 and 2016–2017, we want to show how the method of peer review has evolved over time and in what way has it been affected by changes made in the system. The study shows that the national system for quality assurance of higher education with peer review as a central method has changed surprisingly little in Sweden during the period studied (1995–2017). Over time, the demands for transparency, predictability and equivalence have increased, which has to some extent undermined the authority of the assessors. At the same time, it is a development which is a logical consequence of—not a break with—the coherent national system for quality assurance of higher education that was put into effect as early as the mid-1990s.
Introduction: From Autofiction to the Autofictional
Authors: Effe Alexandra , Lawlor Hannie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe introduction takes as its starting point autofiction’s continuing resistance to a consensus definition and suggests that this has to do with the ad-hoc invention of the term but also with the fact that autofictional texts tend to challenge and transform generic conventions. The chapter proposes embracing the slipperiness of the concept by purposefully extending its scope to encompass a wide range of autofictional phenomena. These include the diverse affordances of the autofictional as an aesthetic strategy and a theoretical lens and the many shapes it can take as it interacts with different forms and media. The chapter discusses the heretofore geographically and linguistically limited focus of autofiction research and advocates a more global perspective, which promises to enrich our understanding of the autofictional.
Autofiction and Shishōsetsu: Women Writers and Reinventing the Self
Authors: Kasza Justyna Weronika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the shared characteristics, both in terms of thematic concerns and narrative structures and strategies, of autofiction and the distinct Japanese form of the I-novel, shishōsetsu. Focusing on the works of three contemporary Japanese writers, Kanai Mieko, Sagisawa Megumu, and Mizumura Minae, it examines the narrative strategies applied by female authors to redefine the self. The chapter focuses on the traits shared by shishōsetsu and autofiction: the ambiguity of first-person narratives such as the semantics of “I” within the text; the interdependence of author, narrator, and protagonist; the practices of fictionalizing the self; and the question of authorship. Exploring shishōsetsu as an autofictional form also expands the scope of existing theoretical discussions on the autofictional, which rarely take Japanese literature into consideration.
Autofiction and the Diary: The Radicalization of Autofiction in Works by Hervé Guibert and Christine Angot
Authors: Ferguson Sam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutofiction has often been viewed as a hybrid of autobiography and the novel. This chapter argues that a new generation of writers who emerged from the 1990s onward drew heavily on the diary instead of autobiography to develop their own innovative autofictional forms and practices. Whereas some critics have argued that the diary is fundamentally attached to truth and resistant to fiction, Hervé Guibert’s Voyage avec deux enfants (“Journey with Two Children,” 1982) and Christine Angot’s Léonore, toujours (“Léonore, Always,” 1993) provide two examples of experimental writing projects where the diary provides the means for new modalities of truth and fiction, allowing the authors to adopt a new relation to their writing and the real world.
The Fictional in Autofiction
Authors: James Alison 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutofiction and theories of fiction seem to be at odds. Whereas the notion of autofiction capitalizes on a postmodern consensus regarding the fictional status of self-narration, recent theoretical approaches to fiction and fictionality have reaffirmed the distinction between fictional and nonfictional narratives. It is possible to move beyond this impasse, however, by drawing on narratological and rhetorical theories of fictionality to describe the precise forms and degrees of fictionality and fictionalization discernable in works received as autofiction. Different configurations of the fact/fiction relationship can produce various autofictional effects, and theory can help us locate sites of fictionalization and factualization within literary works. Conversely, the ambiguity and hybridity of autofictional texts serve as a useful empirical testing ground for theories of fiction and fictionality.
A Cognitive Perspective on Autofictional Writing, Texts, and Reading
Authors: Effe Alexandra , Gibbons Alison 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues for the necessity of a cognitive and holistic approach to autofiction—an approach that considers textual signposts in combination with the cognitive-affective dynamics of a text’s production and reception. On the basis of empirical data in the form of writers’ self-reports and psychological studies into the differences between fictional and factual reading modes, the chapter argues for and offers definitions of autofictional writing and autofictional reading modes. Their potential affordances and effects both for authors and readers are illustrated in relation to three works, which exhibit different degrees of fictionality: Philip Roth’s The Facts (1988), Olivia Laing’s Crudo (2018), and Ben Lerner’s 10:04 (2014).
“The Pragmatics of Autofiction”
Authors: Schmitt Arnaud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to compare the pragmatics of autofiction in Ben Lerner’s10:04and Siri Hustvedt’sMemories of the Future, two authors who, in dissimilar but also very similar ways, use autofictional strategies to refer to their personal lives and background without playing the autobiographical game “by the rules.” Focusing on how pragmatically they both create a sense of autofiction, a distinction will be established between primary criteria and secondary ones, essential signals without which an autofictional text cannot be identified as such and “enhancers” meant to strengthen the necessary ambiguity inherent in autofictional readings.
Introduction
Authors: Lansdown Gerison , Ruggiero Roberta , Vaghri Ziba , Zermatten Jean 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis publication is one of the outcomes of over a decade of work, under the auspices of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, to explore how to monitor and evaluate States Parties’ compliance with the obligations they undertook when they ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (the Convention). A full account of the project work to date has been provided in Vaghri, Krappmann, and Doek’s article ‘From the Indicators of General Comment No. 7 to GlobalChild’ (2019). Grounded in that foundational work, this book relies on that project work to provide a conceptual framing of the Convention, through the identification of the attributes of each right that provides the basis for the development of indicators against which to measure progress.