bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative enhancement of strength and ductility in metallic materials: The role of local stress/strain evolution on the plastic flow behavior
Authors: Miao K S , Xia Y P , Li D Y , Wu H , Fan G H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility is one of the eternal topics for the community of metallic materials. The heterostructure architecture, e. g. layered structure, is one of the potential methods to evade the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma in recent years. However, there is still a lack of a deeper understanding to excellent strength-ductility combinations. In the present study, we focused on the local stress, which drives local plastic deformation. The local represents the affected scale of the stress. The evolution processes of local stress/strain upon loading of typical model materials of Ti/Ti, Ti/Al, and Al/Al layered metals (LMs) were quantitatively characterized by in situ electron microscope, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and neutron diffraction. We found that the deformation characteristics were closely associated with the local stress/strain evolution process, and highlighted the key role of local stress/strain in revealing the deformation mechanisms. This work therefore may open a new route to design new metallic materials through the tailoring of local stress/strain evolution.
Impacts of plant and soil stoichiometry on species diversity in a desert ecosystem
Authors: Ji Suwan , Jiang Lamei , Hu Dong , Lv Guanghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant and soil stoichiometric ratios can be used to explain changes in the structural and functional characteristics of plant communities. Exploring the relationships between the stoichiometric ratios and plant diversity is helpful to further elucidate the effects of soil and nutrient constraints on community vegetation. However, such studies remain poorly understood in desert ecosystems. In this study, we analysed the effects of soil moisture and salt content on soil and leaf stoichiometry, species diversity and their relationships in the desert ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake basin. The results showed that: (i) Compared with the low soil moisture and salinity (SW2) environment, the soil and leaf C, N, P contents and soil stoichiometric ratios were larger in the high soil moisture and salinity (SW1) environment, and the leaf stoichiometric ratios were smaller. (ii) In SW1 environment, species diversity was negatively correlated with soil C:N and C:P, but weakly correlated with soil stoichiometric ratios in SW2 environment. In addition, the relationships between it and leaf stoichiometric ratios were reversed in different moisture and salinity environments. (iii) Structural equation modelling showed that leaf C:P, C:N and soil C:P had strong effects on species diversity. This research aims to provide a scientific reference for maintaining plant diversity, vegetation reconstruction and ecosystem restoration in desert areas, and enrich the ecological stoichiometric theory of desert ecosystems.
Six identical tRNATrpCCA genes express a similar amount of mature tRNATrpCCA but unequally contribute to yeast cell growth
Authors: Hayashi Sachiko , Matsui Masaya , Ikeda Ayano , Yoshihisa Tohru 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSaccharomyces cerevisiae has 6 synonymous tRNATrpCCA genes encoding the identical sequence, including their intronic region. They are supposed to express tRNATrpCCA in the same quality and quantity. Here, we generated single to quintuple deletion strains with all the possible combinations of the synonymous tRNATrpCCA genes to analyze whether those individual genes equally contribute cell viability and tRNA production. The quintuple deletion strains that only harbor tW(CCA)J, tW(CCA)M, or tW(CCA)P were viable but almost lethal while the other quintuple deletions showed moderately impaired growth. These growth differences were not obvious among the quadruple deletion strains, which expressed almost one third of mature tRNATrpCCA in the wild type. Therefore, no dosage compensation operates for tRNATrpCCA amount, and growth variations among the quintuple deletion strains may not simply reflect differences in tRNATrpCCA shortage. Yeast may retain the redundancy of tRNATrpCCA genes for a noncanonical function(s) beyond the supply of the tRNA to translation.
Accelerating the discovery of anticancer peptides targeting lung and breast cancers with the Wasserstein autoencoder model and PSO algorithm
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Yang Guanghui , Bing Zhitong , Tian Yuan , Huang Liang , Niu Yuzhen , Yang Lei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the development of targeted drugs, anticancer peptides (ACPs) have attracted great attention because of their high selectivity, low toxicity and minimal non-specificity. In this work, we report a framework of ACPs generation, which combines Wasserstein autoencoder (WAE) generative model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) forward search algorithm guided by attribute predictive model to generate ACPs with desired properties. It is well known that generative models based on Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are difficult to be used for de novo design due to the problems of posterior collapse and difficult convergence of training. Our WAE-based generative model trains more successfully (lower perplexity and reconstruction loss) than both VAE and GAN-based generative models, and the semantic connections in the latent space of WAE accelerate the process of forward controlled generation of PSO, while VAE fails to capture this feature. Finally, we validated our pipeline on breast cancer targets (HIF-1) and lung cancer targets (VEGR, ErbB2), respectively. By peptide-protein docking, we found candidate compounds with the same binding sites as the peptides carried in the crystal structure but with higher binding affinity and novel structures, which may be potent antagonists that interfere with these target-mediated signaling.
MGEGFP: a multi-view graph embedding method for gene function prediction based on adaptive estimation with GCN
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Han , Li Minghe , Han Mingjing , Yin Yanbin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, a number of computational approaches have been proposed to effectively integrate multiple heterogeneous biological networks, and have shown impressive performance for inferring gene function. However, the previous methods do not fully represent the critical neighborhood relationship between genes during the feature learning process. Furthermore, it is difficult to accurately estimate the contributions of different views for multi-view integration. In this paper, we propose MGEGFP, a multi-view graph embedding method based on adaptive estimation with Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), to learn high-quality gene representations among multiple interaction networks for function prediction. First, we design a dual-channel GCN encoder to disentangle the view-specific information and the consensus pattern across diverse networks. By the aid of disentangled representations, we develop a multi-gate module to adaptively estimate the contributions of different views during each reconstruction process and make full use of the multiplexity advantages, where a diversity preservation constraint is designed to prevent the over-fitting problem. To validate the effectiveness of our model, we conduct experiments on networks from the STRING database for both yeast and human datasets, and compare the performance with seven state-of-the-art methods in five evaluation metrics. Moreover, the ablation study manifests the important contribution of the designed dual-channel encoder, multi-gate module and the diversity preservation constraint in MGEGFP. The experimental results confirm the superiority of our proposed method and suggest that MGEGFP can be a useful tool for gene function prediction.
Stromal cells of the endometrium and decidua: in search of a name and an identity
Authors: Ruiz-Magaña Maria Jose , Llorca Tatiana , Martinez-Aguilar Rocio , Abadia-Molina Ana Clara , Ruiz-Ruiz Carmen , Olivares Enrique G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human endometrial and decidual stromal cells are the same cells in different environments (nonpregnancy and pregnancy, respectively). Although some authors consider decidual stromal cells to arise solely from the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells, this is a debatable issue given that decidualization processes do not end with the formation of the decidua, as shown by the presence of stromal cells from both the endometrium and decidua in both undifferentiated (nondecidualized) and decidualized states. Furthermore, recent functional and transcriptomic results have shown that there are differences in the decidualization process of endometrial and decidual stromal cells, with the latter having a greater decidualization capacity than the former. These differences suggest that in the terminology and study of their characteristics, endometrial and decidual stromal cells should be clearly distinguished, as should their undifferentiated or decidualized status. There is, however, considerable confusion in the designation and identification of uterine stromal cells. This confusion may impede a judicious understanding of the functional processes in normal and pathological situations. In this article, we analyze the different terms used in the literature for different types of uterine stromal cells, and propose that a combination of differentiation status (undifferentiated, decidualized) and localization (endometrium, decidua) criteria should be used to arrive at a set of accurate, unambiguous terms. The cell identity of uterine stromal cells is also a debatable issue: phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic studies in recent decades have related these cells to different established cells. We discuss the relevance of these associations in normal and pathological situations.
How to Regulate Carbon Emissions with Climate-Conscious Consumers
Authors: Herweg Fabian , Schmidt Klaus M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon prices are the most cost-effective instrument to reduce CO$_2$ emissions, but there is strong political opposition to raising them to the efficient level. Therefore, additional efforts of consumers, firms and local governments are required. We study how different regulatory regimes affect moral behaviour and show that a carbon tax complements voluntary efforts to reduce emissions, while cap and trade discourages them. The opportunity to invest in offsets increases welfare, while the option to buy and delete emission rights induces more emissions and reduces welfare. Furthermore, cap and trade shifts the burden of adjustment to poor consumers and has dysfunctional incentive effects.
Experimental quantity, mental budgeting and food choice: a discrete choice experiment application
Authors: Lin Wen , Ortega David L , Caputo Vincenzina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Food discrete choice experiments typically define product alternatives with a researcher-predetermined and sometimes arbitrary quantity. Results reveal that the use of a researcher-prespecified experimental quantity leads to biased welfare estimates. Differences in marginal utility of money are found with a resulting upward bias in willingness to pay estimates when small pre-defined product quantities are used. Higher-income consumers show more evident bias. This evidence cautions the use of a researcher-predetermined quantity to design alternatives in choice tasks and also proposes an alternative experimental design that accounts for these effects by matching the quantity in experiments to consumer’s actual purchase quantity.
Digging deeper into the taxonomy of Cylindrospermum and description of Johanseniella tripurensis gen. et sp. nov. from India
Authors: Pal Sagarika , Saraf Aniket , Kumar Naresh , Singh Arush , Talukdar Utkarsh , Kohar Niraj , Singh Prashant 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The wet soil-inhabiting cyanobacterium URH-6-PS was collected from the state of Tripura, India, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Initial microscopic analysis indicated the strain to be a member of the genus Cylindrospermum, however, the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed some interesting results. The strain URH-6-PS clustered in the Clade I, which positioned itself outside the Cylindrospermum sensu stricto clade with strong probability/bootstrap support, indicating that the strain may not belong to the genus Cylindrospermum. Further, analysis of the 16S–23S ITS region using the folded secondary structures of the D1-D1′, Box-B, and V3 helices and the 16S–23S ITS percentage dissimilarity values clearly indicated the distinctiveness of strain URH-6-PS from other members of the Clade I. The detailed investigations conducted in this study provided sufficient evidence that the taxonomic status of the members of Clade I need to be revised. Interestingly, all members of the clade I originated from tropical and subtropical habitats while members of the Cylindrospermum sensu stricto clade have been reported from temperate conditions. Previous studies had also indicated the possibility of the formation of tropical and subtropical Cylindrospermum-like genera, and thus this comes across as a much-awaited study to resolve the taxonomic complexities around the genus Cylindrospermum. Based on the results obtained in this study and the trends observed in the earlier studies, we describe a novel Cylindrospermum-like genus Johanseniella gen. nov., with the type species Johanseniellatripurensis sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.
Deciphering the transcriptomic response of Ilyonectria robusta in relation to ginsenoside Rg1 treatment and the development of ginseng rusty root rot
Authors: Li Qiong , Zhan Yu , Xu Yonghua , Zhang Lianxue , Di Peng , Lu Baohui , Chen Changbao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rusty root rot is a severe disease in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) production caused by Ilyonectria robusta. The severity of the disease may be related to the residual ginsenosides in soil. In order to elucidate the response mechanism between Rg1 treatment and the occurrence of ginseng rust, we performed growth, reproduction and transcriptome analysis on treated Rg1. The results showed that Rg1 significantly promoted the mycelial growth and sporulation compared with the control, and aggravated the disease symptoms of Panax ginseng. A total of 6708 transcripts out of 213 131 annotated genes identified from global transcriptomic analysis were differentially expressed in Ilyonectria robusta grown during the Rg1 treatment. These genes were found to be related to the carbon-nitrogen metabolism, transport and assimilation. Many of these genes were also associated with pathogenicity based on the Phi-base database. Several transcription factors were related to specific biological processes, such as nitrogen utilization. The current results revealed that Rg1 played a major role in the development of rusty root rot by promoting fungal cell growth and affected the expression of genes required for pathogenesis. Rg1 could aggravate the invasion of Ilyonectria robusta on ginseng root, which preliminarily revealed the reason for the aggravation of rusty root rot in ginseng soil-borne.
Cytological heterogeneity of heterochromatin among 10 sequenced Drosophila species
Authors: Marchetti Marcella , Piacentini Lucia , Berloco Maria Francesca , Casale Assunta Maria , Cappucci Ugo , Pimpinelli Sergio , Fanti Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Drosophila chromosomal rearrangements can be maintained and are associated with karyotypic variability among populations from different geographic localities. The abundance of variability in gene arrangements among chromosomal arms is even greater when comparing more distantly related species and the study of these chromosomal changes has provided insights into the evolutionary history of species in the genus. In addition, the sequencing of genomes of several Drosophila species has offered the opportunity to establish the global pattern of genomic evolution, at both genetic and chromosomal level. The combined approaches of comparative analysis of syntenic blocks and direct physical maps on polytene chromosomes have elucidated changes in the orientation of genomic sequences and the difference between heterochromatic and euchromatic regions. Unfortunately, the centromeric heterochromatic regions cannot be studied using the cytological maps of polytene chromosomes because they are underreplicated and therefore reside in the chromocenter. In Drosophila melanogaster, a cytological map of the heterochromatin has been elaborated using mitotic chromosomes from larval neuroblasts. In the current work, we have expanded on that mapping by producing cytological maps of the mitotic heterochromatin in an additional 10 sequenced Drosophila species. These maps highlight 2 apparently different paths, for the evolution of the pericentric heterochromatin between the subgenera Sophophora and Drosophila. One path leads toward a progressive complexity of the pericentric heterochromatin (Sophophora) and the other toward a progressive simplification (Drosophila). These maps are also useful for a better understanding how karyotypes have been altered by chromosome arm reshuffling during evolution.
Adult Age Differences in Using Information From the Eyes and Mouth to Make Decisions About Others’ Emotions
Authors: Slessor Gillian , Insch Pauline , Donaldson Isla , Sciaponaite Vestina , Adamowicz Malgorzata , Phillips Louise H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults are often less accurate than younger counterparts at identifying emotions such as anger, sadness, and fear from faces. They also look less at the eyes and more at the mouth during emotion perception. The current studies advance understanding of the nature of these age effects on emotional processing.

Methods
Younger and older participants identified emotions from pictures of eyes or mouths (Experiment 1) and incongruent mouth–eyes emotion combinations (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, participants categorized emotions from pictures in which face masks covered the mouth region.

Results
Older adults were worse than young at identifying anger and sadness from eyes, but better at identifying the same emotions from the mouth region (Experiment 1) and they were more likely than young to use information from the mouth to classify anger, fear, and disgust (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, face masks impaired perception of anger, sadness, and fear more for older compared to younger adults.

Discussion
These studies indicate that older people are more able than young to interpret emotional information from the mouth, they are more biased to use information from the mouth, and suffer more difficulty in emotion perception when the mouth is covered with a face mask. This has implications for social communication in different age groups.
Evolution of complex genome architecture in gymnosperms
Authors: Wan Tao , Gong Yanbing , Liu Zhiming , Zhou YaDong , Dai Can , Wang Qingfeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gymnosperms represent an ancient lineage that diverged from early spermatophytes during the Devonian. The long fossil records and low diversity in living species prove their complex evolutionary history, which included ancient radiations and massive extinctions. Due to their ultra-large genome size, the whole-genome assembly of gymnosperms has only generated in the past 10 years and is now being further expanded into more taxonomic representations. Here, we provide an overview of the publicly available gymnosperm genome resources and discuss their assembly quality and recent findings in large genome architectures. In particular, we describe the genomic features most related to changes affecting the whole genome. We also highlight new realizations relative to repetitive sequence dynamics, paleopolyploidy, and long introns. Based on the results of relevant genomic studies of gymnosperms, we suggest additional efforts should be made toward exploring the genomes of medium-sized (5–15 gigabases) species. Lastly, more comparative analyses among high-quality assemblies are needed to understand the genomic shifts and the early species diversification of seed plants.
Metabolite Profiling, Stability Testing, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vivo Pattern Recognition Analysis of Arq-e-Keora: A Traditional Unani Formulation
Authors: Zahiruddin Sultan , Parveen Abida , Parveen Rabea , Khan Asim Ali , Ahmad Sayeed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Arq-e-Keora is a liquid formulation of the Unani system of medicine and used since long for the management of weakness of heart, palpitations, etc.

Objective
The study was carried out to generate a scientific data for its metabolite profiling, stability testing, pharmacokinetics, and pattern recognition analysis of Arq-e-Keora.

Method
Arq-e-Keora has been prepared as water distillate of male wpadix of Pandanus odoratissimus L.f. TLC profiling of Arq-e-Keora was performed using hexane and acetone (7:3, v/v) as a solvent system. The metabolic profiling of volatile compounds was carried out using GC-MS. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed through GC-MS to evaluate how quickly it absorbs and distributes in plasma. The pattern recognition analysis was performed in order to recognize the pattern and fate of metabolites in rat plasma up to 24 h after single oral administration of Arq-e-Keora.

Results
TLC and GC-MS analysis resulted in profiling of 11 and 21 metabolites, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that phenethyl alcohol, alpha-terpinolene, beta terpinene, alpha terpinene, beta fenchyl alcohol, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid are the major metabolites found in Arq-e-Keora. The stability analysis showed that most of the compounds are stable at refrigerator temperature during their consumption. Pharmacokinetics data of phenethyl alcohol showed its absorption was rapid, with Tmax occurring within 1 h after oral administration of Arq-e-Keora. In vivo pattern recognition analysis suggests that some metabolite expression was altered after its oral administration.

Conclusions
As a result, our model could be used for quality, stability, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of various Unani formulations mentioned in Unani Pharmacopoeia of India.

Highlights
This is the first study of pharmacokinetic analysis and metabolite pattern of traditional Unani formulation after its oral administration in Wistar rats.
The Challenges of Implementing Special Sanctions (Sanciones Propias) in Colombia and Providing Retribution, Reparation, Participation and Reincorporation
Authors: Sandoval Clara , Martínez-Carrillo Hobeth , Cruz-Rodríguez Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 2016 Final Peace Agreement between the Colombian State and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People’s Army (FARC) envisages an innovative approach to victims’ reparations from perpetrators including NSAG through special sanctions (sanciones propias). They are forms of lenient punishment consisting of effective restrictions of liberty to carry out works or activities, such as developing infrastructure, conditioned on the satisfaction of the rights of the victims, particularly reparation. This retributive and reparatory dimension of special sanctions is also linked to reincorporation of ex-combatants. While ambitious and creative, this approach is not immune from normative and practical implementation challenges that could jeopardize its effectiveness and potential. This article critically delves into eight challenges exploring key issues that are of theoretical and practical relevance for Colombia but also for the Transitional Justice field. It sheds light on potential solutions to these challenges but also notes how an incredibly complex system, like the Colombian one, faces major implementation challenges, something that other transitional justice experiences worldwide should learn as feasibility, without sacrificing victims’ rights, should be a key guiding principle of transitional justice efforts.