bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN INOVASI KERTAS MENAMPIK (KARANGGETAS MENCEGAH KANKER SERVIKS) DI DESA KARANGGETAS KECAMATAN BANGODUA
Authors: Indra Ruswadi  , Priyanto Priyanto , Nengsih Yulianingsih  
Published: October 2022

Background: As is known, cervical cancer is a cancer with the 2nd highest incidence rate in Indonesia after breast cancer. With the high cases of cervical cancer in the community, the question arises, how much is the understanding of Village Empowerment and Family Welfare (PKK) cadres in efforts to prevent cervical cancer in their area, especially teenagers about cervical cancer. Objective: To find out how the efforts of PKK cadres, especially Pokja IV TP PKK Desa in providing KIE (Communication, Information and Education) to the people of Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District in preventing cervical cancer by implementing the Kertas Menampik innovation (Karanggetas Preventing Cervical Cancer).
PKM (Community Service) is held at the Kuwu Office, Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District, Indramayu Regency from April 18-23 2022 every 10.00 WIB - 14.00 WIB for 6 (six) days. The participants came from the Pokja IV TP PKK Village management and the Posyandu Cadre of Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District, Indramayu Regency as many as 34 people. The materials needed in the meeting with Pokja IV TP PKK cadres, Karanggetas Village, Bangodua Subdistrict, namely: posters, leaflets and a description sheet of the Kertas Menampik innovation. This material was donated to TP PKK Desa, especially Pokja IV TP PKK Desa Karanggetas Subdistrict so that PKK cadres can use it in providing KIE (Communication, Information and Education) about cervical cancer prevention.
The results of the activity: PKK cadres are very happy and welcome this innovation and will disseminate information about cervical cancer prevention to the people of Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District.
Conclusion: the kertas menampik innovation has been applied to the next PKK cadres, the PKK cadres are planning to socialize this effort to the community, both during posyandu and outside posyandu activities. Suggestion: The implementation of this innovation should involve all components including: academia, business, community, government and media.
Path to Another Drug Against COVID-19
Authors: Editorial Staff  
Published: October 2022

One of the crucial components in the fight against the SARS-CoV2 pandemic has been the speedy development of vaccines. However, a lack of board access, the rise of variants, and breakthrough infections are some of the many challenges that are yet to be addressed. Henceforth, it is incumbent that anaphylactic anti-viral agents against Covid be developed sooner rather than later. Although compounds acting against RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase have entered clinical trials, other viral enzymes have been identified as viable candidates for inhibition by chemical agents. Owen et al. discovered and characterized a novel drug compound that acts against the pivotal protease which catalyzes the breakage of the viral polyprotein integral in the replication of viruses. In mouse models, the drug candidate named PF-07321332 which is administered orally has exhibited high selectivity, safety, and conferred protection against Covid infections. In vitro studies showed that the drug reached levels sufficient to inhibit the virus and this was also observed in Phase 1 clinical trials. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and a few other coronaviruses were also inhibited, demonstrating its potential as a possible addition to the anti-viral drug arsenal. — Science. 2021 Dec 24;374(6575):1586-1593.
Metabolite Mitigates Resistance
Authors: Editorial Staff  
Published: October 2022

A growing problem that is yet to be properly addressed is the conferment of antibiotic resistance. Zhao et al. showed that in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, increased influx and efficacy of antibiotics was seen with the use of glutamine. The mechanism involves alteration of the metabolism of nucleotides causing the bacterial membrane to have increased non-selective permeability in bacterial strains possessing diverse resistance mechanisms. In mouse models with systemic or biofilm infections, enhanced antibiotic efficacy was seen with glutamine supplementation further strengthening its potential use. Sci Transl Med. 2021 Dec 22;13(625):eabj0716.
Boosting Adjuvant Activity
Authors: Editorial Staff  
Published: October 2022

Despite a limited stock approved for clinical application, adjuvants still remain a vital component of vaccines due to their ability to enhance responses against antigens bearing poor immunogenicity. Silva and his colleagues synthesized a novel adjuvant consisting of saponin-bearing detergent-like properties and a monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) that serves as a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, both encapsulated in nanoparticle structures. The novel adjuvant formulation invoked increased antibody and germinal center responses as compared to an assortment of already available adjuvants, in both mice and rhesus macaques post-inoculation of an HIV antigen that had poor immunogenic characteristics. In a mast cell-dependent fashion, increased lymphatic flow was observed with saponin–MPLA nanoparticles. Furthermore, lymph nodes also had an enhanced antigen load, indicating the mechanisms by which saponin consisting of adjuvants improves humoral immune responses. Sci Immunol. 2021 Dec 3;6(66):eabf1152.
Chimeric Co-Stimulation
Authors: Editorial Staff  
Published: October 2022

It is essential that in order to prevent relapse of hematological cancers, improvements be made in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Katsarou et al. in an attempt to tackle conventional relapse mediators, designed chimeric costimulatory receptors, that aid CAR T-cell activation via intracellular signaling by attaching to a second tumor-associated antigen. The investigators noticed enhanced killing of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, even against cancer cells with exceptionally low antigen density, and this was associated with improved CAR T cell persistence. Sci Transl Med. 2021 Dec 8;13(623): eabh1962.
A New Target for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Editorial Staff  
Published: October 2022

LRRK2 blockade has emerged as a potential target for developing disease-modifying therapies against Parkinson’s disease. Both in cellular and animal models, DNL201- a first-in-class central nervous system–penetrant LRRK2 kinase inhibitor, successfully mitigated the LRRK2 function resulting in re-establishing lysosomal activity as per the findings of Jennings and colleagues. In both healthy volunteers and patients with Parkinson’s Disease, LRRK2 kinase was inhibited by DNL201 and the drug candidate was also shown to be safe and tolerable at doses that improved lysosomal functioning. These findings argue for advanced studies on LRRK2 inhibitors including early as well as late-stage clinical investigations in patients with Parkinson's disease. Sci. Transl. Med.14, eabj2658 (2022).
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) among Pregnant Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Uloeme E. C. , Caleb Nwaogwugwu Joel , Nwankwo Victor C. , Nosiri C. I. 
Published: October 2022

The antiretroviral medication (ART) compliance of expectant HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria's Okigwe Imo state was investigated in this study. In particular, the study established the prevalence of HIV among expectant mothers in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria, identified the behavioral and demographic factors associated with ART adherence, and looked at the obstacles to ART use among expectant mothers in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the AIDS risk reduction model by Catania and Coates, (1990), the pathway of survival model theory by Mosley and Chen (1984) and the health belief model by Rosenstock et al (1950). From the responses obtained and analysed, the findings revealed that the extent of the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria is low. Also, the findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between demography and ART adherence among pregnant women in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria. The findings further revealed that there is a significant relationship between behaviour and ART adherence among pregnant women in Okigwe Imo State, Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that PMTCT services should be accessible to every pregnant woman attending antenatal care, either onsite or through a referral to a nearby clinic, to improve coverage. When it comes to locating PMTCT facilities, using a geographic information system can help eliminate inequity and enhance accessibility within states.
A Simulation Study Using a Mixed Model Framework to Analyze the Impact of Sample Size and Variability on Type I Error
Authors: Gu Xiaoxue , Doetkott Curt , Magel Rhonda 
Published: October 2022

Aims: This simulation study was conducted to check the validity of a MIXED model’s statistical inference when violating the underlying assumptions – normality of random errors when there are unbalanced group sizes and inequality of variance of errors [Scheffe, 1959].
Study Design: Monte Carlo Simulation Study.
Place and Duration of Study: North Dakota State University 2020-2021.
Methodology: Repeated measures designs (or longitudinal studies) are commonly seen in many research fields, especially in pharmaceutical clinical trials, agricultural research, and psychology. PROC MIXED (SAS Inc.) is a well-known standard tool for analyzing repeated measures data nowadays. The MIXED procedure is based on the standard linear MIXED model, which estimates parameters by maximizing the restricted likelihood. The usual assumption for a standard linear MIXED model is normality. However, the character of data in the real world may be non- smoothed, or non-symmetric, or having heavy tails. We estimate the Type I error rates in different combinations of settings and compare them with the stated Type I error.
Conclusion: The main results in this study show us that the MIXED model is reasonably robust to modest violations of the normal distribution. However, when a small sample size associated with a treatment was combined with the effects of that treatment having a large variance, a severe inflation problem on Type I error rates could occur when using the MIXED model procedure. When the Type I errors were found to be inflated, the Group= option was found to often help with this problem. A Sub-Sampling procedure was also found to help with this problem.
Alteration of Pulmonary Venous Flow Doppler Post Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Gobran Sara Mohamed Ahmed , El-Saied Ayman Mohamed , El-Shedoudy Sahar Abd Allah , Maria Dina A. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Atrial septal defect is a common congenital heart anomaly results in hemodynamically significant right ventriclular volume overload and an increase in the pulmonary venous flow.
Aim: Evaluate changes of pulmonary venous flow parameters after transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect.
Patients and Methods: 50 patients with atrial septal defect aged from 3.5 to 31 years were included in the study. Pulmonary venous flow Doppler and right ventricular function were evaluated before and after successful transcatheter closure by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography.
Results: The defect size ranged from 15 to 37mm with a mean (24.96 ±7.52), Normal systolic and diastolic waves of pulmonary venous flow Doppler were replaced by a continuous antegrade wave (mean 60±13.6 cm/s) in all atrial septal defect patients. Post-closure, the normal pulmonary venous flow pattern was regained, two separate waves, with a significant decrease in mean peak Systolic wave velocity (44.54±8.12 cm/sec vs 69.61±12.37, P=0.000), the mean peak Diastolic Wave velocity (55.85±9.81 cm/sec vs 72.65±10.38, P=0.000) and a significant increase in the mean peak atrial reversal wave velocity (28.75±4.63cm/sec vs 21.18±3.64, P=0.000). In multivariate regression analysis, significant predictors of haemodynamic significant ASD were ASD size,(odds ratio 1.508, P=0.007, 95% CI 1.153,2.671) and ASD/IAS ratio (odds ratio 2.313, P=0.001, 95% CI 1.064,3.104).
Conclusions: Atrial septal defect patients have characteristic pulmonary venous flow pattern: continuous antegrade wave with systolic predominance and decrease in atrial reversal wave, which return to normal after closure. These changes could be helpful echocardiographic tool in prediction of successful closure of the defect.
Spatial Variability of Soil Properties under Different Land Use Systems in Wokha District of Nagaland, India
Authors: Ray Sanjay Kumar , Chatterjee Dibyendu , Deka Bidyut  C. , Kamble Kalpana H. , Mishra V. K. 
Published: October 2022

The shifting cultivation practice is the predominant land use system of Nagaland, India, and Wokha district in particular. In general, there are four different forms of land use: forest, shifting cultivation, cultivated fallow, and wet terrace rice cultivation. In the Wokha district, a study was conducted in the year 2015 to evaluate the variability in soil characteristics among four different land use systems and to map their spatial distribution. A total of 381 soil samples were collected and tested for six soil fertility parameters; clay, pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The results showed that all of the soils were very acidic in nature; however the mean value of soil pH was substantially higher in the shifting cultivation system. Soil organic carbon concentrations ranged from high to very high across all land use systems. Average soil organic carbon content was highest in the forest, followed by cultivated fallow, shifting, and wet terrace rice cultivation (WTRC) systems, whereas available N content was very low to low. The P concentration of the soil was very low in the WTRC system and low in the other systems. Soil K concentration was high in shifting (361.95 kg/ha), cultivated fallow (312.4 kg/ha), forest (309.73 kg/ha), and low in WTRC (166.975 kg/ha) land use systems. Available N, P and K deficiency was found in 93.8%, 72.2%, and 32.9% of soil samples, respectively. Soil organic carbon correlated positively with K and significantly positively with N. Soil pH correlated negatively with clay content and positively but non-significantly with P. The generated maps might be used to assist farmers in identifying the expected nutrient levels in their areas and encourage them to change their crop management practices to improve crop yield and profitability. Due to soil acidity, higher SOC, lower N and P, and higher potassium content, suitable acid loving crops, higher N and phosphorus fertilization, and some commercially advantageous potassium responsive crops may be encouraged in farming practices.
Evaluation of the Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Stable Vitiligo
Authors: Mostafa Hadeer M. , Hawary Esraa E. El , Gheida Shereen F. , Kassem Elham M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic cutaneous disease characterized by hypo- or depigmented patches that leave psychological impact on the patients. New treatment modalities have been developed to shorten the duration of treatment of vitiligo with fewer side effects.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of stable vitiligo.
Patients and Methods: The study included 20 stable vitiligo patients with overall symmetrical lesions. For each patient, one site was treated with LLLT & NB-UVB twice weekly for 3 month.
Results: There was statistically significant improvement in the re-pigmentation, 25% of patients showed excellent improvement, 40% of patients showed good improvement, 20% of patients showed moderate improvement, 10% of patients showed poor improvement and 5% of patients showed no improvement after 3 months therapy. Side effects were minimal and transient in both sides.
Conclusion: LLLT in combination with NB-UVB therapy could be considered as safe and tolerable technique for treatment of vitiligo. Longer follow up is needed.
Chitotriosidase is a biomarker for adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia
Authors: Hayer Stefanie N. , Santhanakumaran Vidiyaah , Böhringer Judith , Schöls Ludger 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) leads to rapidly progressive dementia and is caused by mutations in the gene CSF1R. Neurodegeneration is driven by dysfunction of microglia, the predominant cell type expressing CSF1R in the brain. We assessed chitotriosidase, an enzyme secreted by microglia, in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ALSP. Chitotriosidase activity was highly increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients and correlated inversely with disease duration. Of interest, presymptomatic CSF1R mutation carriers did not show elevated chitotriosidase levels. This makes chitotriosidase a promising new biomarker of disease activity for this rare disease.
Recent experience and performance during a critical in‐flight event
Authors: Wiggins Mark W. , Yuris Nadya , Molesworth Brett R. C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test, amongst less experienced pilots, the relationship between the recency of flight experience and performance during a critical in‐flight event. It was hypothesised that, in response to an engine failure, recent flight experience would be associated with a superior level of aircraft control, decreased cognitive load, and a successful landing at an alternate destination. Pilots completed a simulated flight during which an engine failure occurred. The weather conditions and proximity to the alternate were designed to enable a power‐off landing. The results revealed a relationship between recent flight experience and landing at the alternate, although no relationship was evident with aircraft control. Objective, rather than subjective levels of cognitive load tended to covary with landing successfully at the alternate. The outcomes provide support for the role of recent flight experience in enabling successful responses to critical in‐flight events, particularly amongst less experienced pilots.
Spatially Resolved Polarization Manipulation of Ferroelectricity in Twisted hBN
Authors: Lv Ming , Sun Xinzuo , Chen Yan , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Wu Menghao , Wang Jianlu , Xue Jiamin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRobust room‐temperature interfacial ferroelectricity has been formed in the 2D limit by simply twisting two atomic layers of non‐ferroelectric hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). A thorough understanding of this newly discovered ferroelectric system is required. Here, twisted hBN is used as a tunneling junction and it is studied at the nanometer scale using conductive atomic force microscopy. Three properties unique to this system are discovered. First, the polarization dependence of the tunneling resistance contrasts with the conventional theory. Second, the ferroelectric domains can be controlled using mechanical stress, highlighting the original meaning of the emergent “slidetronics”. Third, ferroelectric hysteresis is highly spatially dependent. The hysteresis is symmetric at the domain walls. A few nanometers away, the hysteresis shifts completely to the positive or negative side, depending on the original polarization. These findings reveal the unconventional ferroelectricity in this 2D system.
Reversal of Anomalous Hall Effect and Octahedral Tilting in SrRuO3 Thin Films via Hydrogen Spillover
Authors: Han Hyeon , Zhou Hua , Guillemard Charles , Valvidares Manuel , Sharma Arpit , Li Yan , Sharma Ankit K. , Kostanovskiy Ilya , Ernst Arthur , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe perovskite SrRuO3 (SRO) is a strongly correlated oxide whose physical and structural properties are strongly intertwined. Notably, SRO is an itinerant ferromagnet that exhibits a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) whose sign can be readily modified. Here, a hydrogen spillover method is used to tailor the properties of SRO thin films via hydrogen incorporation. It is found that the magnetization and Curie temperature of the films are strongly reduced and, at the same time, the structure evolves from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal phase as the hydrogen content is increased up to ≈0.9 H per SRO formula unit. The structural phase transition is shown, via in situ crystal truncation rod measurements, to be related to tilting of the RuO6 octahedral units. The significant changes observed in magnetization are shown, via density functional theory (DFT), to be a consequence of shifts in the Fermi level. The reported findings provide new insights into the physical properties of SRO via tailoring its lattice symmetry and emergent physical phenomena via the hydrogen spillover technique.
Hyperelastic Kevlar Nanofiber Aerogels as Robust Thermal Switches for Smart Thermal Management
Authors: Hu Peiying , Wang Jing , Zhang Peigen , Wu Fushuo , Cheng Yingying , Wang Jin , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAerogels, the lightest artificial solid materials characterized by low density and thermal conductivity, high porosity, and large specific surface area, have attracted increasing interest. Aerogels exhibit single‐mode thermal insulation properties regardless of the surrounding temperature. In this study, hyperelastic Kevlar nanofiber aerogels (HEKAs) are designed and fabricated by a slow‐proton‐release‐modulating gelation and thermoinduced crosslinking strategy. The method does not use crosslinking agents and endows the ultralow‐density (4.7 mg cm−3) HEKAs with low thermal conductivity (0.029 W m−1 K−1), high porosity (99.75%), high thermal stability (550 °C), and increased compression resilience (80%) and fatigue resistance. Proofs of the concept of the HEKAs acting as on–off thermal switches are demonstrated through experiments and simulations. The thermal switches exhibit a rapid thermal response speed of 0.73 °C s−1, high heat flux of 2044 J m−2 s−1, and switching ratio of 7.5. Heat dissipation can be reversibly switched on/off more than fifty times owing to the hyperelasticity and fatigue resistance of the HEKAs. This study suggests a route to fulfill the hyperelasticity of highly porous aerogels and to tailor heat flux on‐demand.