bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic nomogram in patients with epithelioid sarcoma: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Zhang Di , Hu Jintao , Liu Zhuojie , Wu Haoyu , Cheng HanWen , Li Chunhai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic factors for patients with epithelial sarcoma remain unclear. The study aims to develop a practical clinical nomogram that predicts prognosis in patients with ES using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsWe extracted clinical data from 2004 to 2015 from the SEER database about patients with ES. All patients were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to compare outcomes between different subgroups. In order to estimate the chance of survival for patients with ES, we developed a nomogram. Nomogram performance was evaluated by discrimination and calibration. Additionally, an analysis of decision curves was conducted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this newly developed model.ResultsIn the primary cohort,320 met the inclusion criteria to be entered into this study. The median OS was 66.000 months (range 34.704 to 94.296 months), and the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates were 70.7%, 56.1%, and 50.4%, respectively. For the validation cohort, we studied 136 consecutive patients. Age, primary site, grade, AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) T, AJCC M, and surgery were included in the nomogram. The C‐index values for the training set and validation set were 0.817 and 0.832, respectively. The calibration plots showed good agreement between the prediction and the observation. Based on the clinical decision curve, the model has a good clinical net benefit for ES patients.ConclusionsIt is the first study that developed an effective survival prediction model for patients with ES. Using this nomogram can assist in clinical decision‐making as it has satisfactory accuracy. Even so, additional external validation is needed.
Enabling power measurement and control on Astra: The first petascale Arm supercomputer
Authors: Grant Ryan E. , Hammond Simon D. , Laros James H. , Levenhagen Michael , Olivier Stephen L. , Pedretti Kevin , Ward Lee , Younge Andrew J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAstra, deployed in 2018, was the first petascale supercomputer to utilize processors based on the ARM instruction set. The system was also the first under Sandia's Vanguard program which seeks to provide an evaluation vehicle for novel technologies that with refinement could be utilized in demanding, large‐scale HPC environments. In addition to ARM, several other important first‐of‐a‐kind developments were used in the machine, including new approaches to cooling the datacenter and machine. This article documents our experiences building a power measurement and control infrastructure for Astra. While this is often beyond the control of users today, the accurate measurement, cataloging, and evaluation of power, as our experiences show, is critical to the successful deployment of a large‐scale platform. While such systems exist in part for other architectures, Astra required new development to support the novel Marvell ThunderX2 processor used in compute nodes. In addition to documenting the measurement of power during system bring up and for subsequent on‐going routine use, we present results associated with controlling the power usage of the processor, an area which is becoming of progressively greater interest as data centers and supercomputing sites look to improve compute/energy efficiency and find additional sources for full system optimization.
Time‐constrained and reliability aware energy minimization scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous multiprocessor environments
Authors: Wang Zhaorui , Fan Guisheng , Yu Huiqun 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHeterogeneous multiprocessor systems are now widely used in industry by providing high performance and high concurrency. However, with the increasing number of computational nodes, it leads to a dramatic increase in energy consumption of heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. Most of the current research has been conducted to reduce the energy consumption by reducing the processor frequency and extending the task execution time, but these measures often lead to a significant decrease in system reliability. This article addresses the problem of energy‐aware task scheduling in the case of distributed computing systems with deadline and reliability constraints. First, a time and reliability allocation model is built to assign the deadline and reliability constraints to each task, which ensures fairness among tasks. Then, a three‐stage scheduling algorithm is proposed to minimize the system energy consumption. The static energy consumption is minimized by shutting down the inefficient processors. The dynamic energy consumption of the system is reduced by distributing tasks as evenly as possible on each processor through a task redistribution strategy. Finally, experimental results on real scientific workflows and randomly generated graphs show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of energy reduction.
Poultry litter and nitrogen fertilizer effects on productivity and nutritive value of crabgrass
Authors: Sosinski Stephanie , Castillo Miguel S. , Kulesza Stephanie , Leon Ramon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCrabgrass (Digitaria spp.) is deemed as a productive and nutritious warm‐season annual forage for livestock in the U.S. transition zone. However, there is limited information about nitrogen (N) source and rate effects on productivity and nutritive value of crabgrass in North Carolina. Herbage accumulation (HA), N removal, crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and tissue nitrate (NO3−) concentrations were evaluated for 2 yr (2020 and 2021) in two physiographic regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain). Treatments were five rates of chemical N fertilizer (up to 480 kg N ha−1), five rates of plant‐available N from broiler poultry litter (up to 472 and 399 kg N ha−1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively), and one control (zero N). Overall crabgrass responses were not different between N sources. At Coastal Plain, HA increased from 4,990 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 and plateaued at 7,136 kg DM ha−1 at an agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) of 198 (SE = 49) kg N ha−1. At Piedmont, HA responses were erratic, estimation of an AONR was not possible, and HA values were approximately half or less to those at Coastal Plain. Removal of N was linearly associated with HA. Increasing N rate had a marginal positive effect on CP (ranged from 126 to 154 g kg−1) and no effect on TDN (averaged 626 g kg−1). Tissue NO3− values were below the toxic threshold for feeding livestock. Poultry litter is an effective N source for crabgrass. Nitrogen rate effects were more apparent on crabgrass’ productivity; nutritive value was generally high regardless of N rate and source.
Dulaglutide and cardiovascular and heart failure outcomes in patients with and without heart failure: a post‐hoc analysis from the REWIND randomized trial
Authors: Branch Kelley R.H. , Dagenais Gilles R. , Avezum Alvaro , Basile Jan , Conget Ignacio , Cushman William C. , Jansky Petr , Lakshmanan Mark , Lanas Fernando , Leiter Lawrence A. , Pais Prem , Pogosova Nana , Raubenheimer Peter J. , Ryden Lars , Shaw Jonathan E. , Sheu Wayne H.H. , Temelkova‐Kurktschiev Theodora , Bethel M. Angelyn , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige , Probstfield Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsPeople with diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular events including heart failure (HF). We examined the effect of the glucagon‐like peptide 1 agonist dulaglutide on incident HF events and other cardiovascular outcomes in those with or without prior HF in the randomized placebo‐controlled Researching Cardiovascular Events with a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes (REWIND) trial.Methods and resultsThe REWIND major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcome was the first occurrence of a composite endpoint of non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (including unknown causes). In this post‐hoc analysis, a HF event was defined as an adjudication‐confirmed hospitalization or urgent evaluation for HF. Of the 9901 participants studied over a median follow‐up of 5.4 years, 213/4949 (4.3%) randomly assigned to dulaglutide and 226/4952 (4.6%) participants assigned to placebo experienced a HF event (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–1.12; p = 0.456). In the 853 (8.6%) participants with HF at baseline, there was no change in either MACE or HF events with dulaglutide as compared to participants without HF (p = 0.44 and 0.19 for interaction, respectively). Combined cardiovascular death and HF events were marginally reduced with dulaglutide compared to placebo (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–1.00; p = 0.050) but unchanged in patients with and without HF at baseline (p = 0.31).ConclusionsDulaglutide was not associated with a reduction in HF events in patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline HF status over 5.4 years of follow‐up.
A method to detect abrupt shifts in river channel position using a Landsat‐derived water occurrence record
Authors: Lee Dylan B. , Martin Harrison K. , Edmonds Douglas A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lateral migration of river channels is an important control on the evolution of alluvial fans, deltas, and floodplains. Lateral migration consists of both gradual riverbank migration and abrupt shifts in location due to avulsions or cutoffs. Methods exist to measure bank migration, but abrupt shifts in position are rarely considered or are not emphasized. Here we describe a new method using Landsat‐derived water occurrence images that primarily focuses on detecting when a channel has abruptly shifted position, either from avulsion or cutoff. The method does not assume any a priori model of channel geometry or evolution. Within a given area of interest, binary channel images created from the fluvial water occurrence record are stacked through time. Then a channel shift intensity,
, is created by estimating the number of possible ending times for fluvial water voxels (a point in three‐dimensional space) in the stacked occurrence record. The number of possible end‐times for fluvial water voxels within a given region of the occurrence record reveals the likelihood that a reach of a river underwent an abrupt channel shift during the observation period. We present the results of this analysis for a 194 481 km2 region of the Amazonian basin. Follow‐up validation found three avulsions and 270 cutoffs within regions identified by this method. We show that areas above a threshold
contain an avulsion or cutoff with high probability. This highlights the method's potential to detect and quantify abrupt channel shifts at the basin scale. The method also successfully distinguishes between abrupt channel movement and complex braiding behaviour. As this method is applicable to any binary water‐masked time series images, future applications of this method have the potential to provide insight into the controls and spatial variance of avulsions and cutoffs across a variety of scales.
Topographic thresholds for gully head formation in badlands
Authors: Rossi Mauro , Torri Dino , De Geeter Sofie , Cremer Cati , Poesen Jean 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGully erosion is a particularly damaging process which is not yet sufficiently understood and parameterized. Gully head topographic threshold relative to Hortonian runoff have been studied in cropland, rangeland and forest. This study extends such modelling approach to badlands. Different badlands (eight sites) have been studied in the Mediterranean environment in Italy and Spain, characterized by diversified climatic, lithological, and geological settings under different anthropogenic conditioning. Many badlands have been characterized by their specific human history in addition to their geomorphological properties. Land use, as part of the human history, strongly affected many badland formation and development, through extremely impacting land exploitation (usually overgrazing). The effect of geological and geomorphological processes are usually particularly well visible. While the weakening effect of joints is confirmed, the different geological layer bedding orientation with respect to the slope aspect generates a different development of badland morphologies and different values of gully head thresholds values (as shown in two badlands sites on the same geological material and climate.The selection of Curve Number values, at the base of the introduction of land use into the gully head thresholds, has been more objectively defined in order to reduce arbitrariness in threshold application. The study additionally revises some of the physical basics behind the gully head threshold concept, requiring a description of the soil resistance in terms of frictional and cohesive components. This implies the explicit inclusion of rock fragment into the grain size distribution, which cannot be limited to fine grains. It results into an enriched threshold formulation that allows to describe the condition for gully head initiation and retreat as the result of the tradeoff between the frictional and cohesive components of the soil resistance forces. Eventually, the gully head threshold concept is confirmed and extended to include badlands.
Efficacy and influencing factors of the four‐step approach combining the situational simulation teaching method in the clinical practice of standardized training for residents
Authors: Shan Tong , Kejun Wang , Ying Feng , Jia Huang , Hongyan Jiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsClinical skills practice is an essential component in standardized residency training. However, traditionally skill training methods are dogmatic and not all residents are exposed to such prescribed situations during their residency. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness and influence factors of a four‐step approach combining situational simulation teaching methods in clinical practice for residents.MethodsEnrolled all second‐year residents from the internal medicine base between May 2017 and May 2018 (n = 94), randomly divided into two groups. Forty‐eight residents were selected as experimental group, while the others 46 as the control group. Adopted traditional clinical practice method in the teaching and assessment of the control group, while used four‐step approach combining situational simulation teaching method in experimental group. We compared the theoretical and skill assessment scores in preclass and postclass. Conducted a satisfaction survey after class and analyzed the influencing factors of the teaching effect evaluation.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the theoretical and skill assessment scores between experimental group and control group at the beginning. After the class, both the average skill assessment and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control. Satisfaction survey findings identified that the experimental group expressed higher satisfaction. Logistic regression showed that educational background, “situational simulation mode helps to improve clinical skills training,” “helps to maintain attention during learning,” and “helps improve the ability to exercise analysis and solve problems” were the influencing factors of learners' satisfaction.ConclusionThe application of four‐step approach combining situational simulation teaching methods in the clinical practice of residents can significantly improve skills, thinking ability, decision‐making ability, and teaching satisfaction. Therefore, four‐step approach combining situational simulation teaching methods is worth promoting in teaching clinical skills for internal medicine residency training.
Effect of porous slab thickness and Darcy number on thermohydraulic transport characteristics of Ag–TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid flow‐through partially porous wavy channels
Authors: Kumar Prince , Pandey K. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present article investigates the effect of varying porous slab thicknesses (S = 0–0.4) and Darcy number (Da = 10−6–10−2) on the thermohydraulic performance of three different corrugated channels (triangular, sinusoidal, and trapezoidal) embedded with partially filled porous media. Ag–TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid ( = 0–0.04) is taken as coolant flowing at Re = 400. Results revealed that the thermal performance (average Nusselt number, Nuavg and enhancement ratio, ER) augments with the increase in porous slab thickness and decrease in Darcy number. However, the hydraulic performance reduces (i.e., an increase in pressure drop). To check the viability of the cooling system performance factor (PF) is evaluated which demonstrates variation in thermal performance considering pressure drop penalty also. It is demonstrated that among all configurations, the trapezoidal channel with porous slab thickness (S = 0.4) and Darcy number (Da = 10−4) gives maximum enhancement thermal performance (110%) considering water as a coolant ( = 0). Furthermore, enhancement in thermal performance by 210% is noticed as volume concentration of hybrid nanofluid varies from 0% to 4%. It is also evident that the value of PF for all corrugated channels is lower than 1 indicating the nonviable system. However, for the case of the partially porous plane channel the maximum PF = 1.07.
Impact of surface roughness and bulk porosity on spinal interbody implants
Authors: Levy Hannah A. , Karamian Brian A. , Yalla Goutham R. , Canseco Jose A. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpinal fusion surgeries are performed to treat a multitude of cervical and lumbar diseases that lead to pain and disability. Spinal interbody fusion involves inserting a cage between the spinal vertebrae, and is often utilized for indirect neurologic decompression, correction of spinal alignment, anterior column stability, and increased fusion rate. The long‐term success of interbody fusion relies on complete osseointegration between the implant surface and vertebral end plates. Titanium (Ti)‐based alloys and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) interbody cages represent the most commonly utilized materials and provide sufficient mechanics and biocompatibility to assist in fusion. However, modification to the surface and bulk characteristics of these materials has been shown to maximize osseointegration and long‐term stability. Specifically, the introduction of intrinsic porosity and surface roughness has been shown to affect spinal interbody mechanics, vascularization, osteoblast attachment, and ingrowth potential. This narrative review synthesizes the mechanical, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical effects on fusion efficacy associated with introduction of porosity in Ti (neat and alloy) and PEEK intervertebral implants.
A molecular evolution algorithm for ligand design in DOCK
Authors: Prentis Lauren E. , Singleton Courtney D. , Bickel John D. , Allen William J. , Rizzo Robert C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a complement to virtual screening, de novo design of small molecules is an alternative approach for identifying potential drug candidates. Here, we present a new 3D genetic algorithm to evolve molecules through breeding, mutation, fitness pressure, and selection. The method, termed DOCK_GA, builds upon and leverages powerful sampling, scoring, and searching routines previously implemented into DOCK6. Three primary experiments were used during development: Single‐molecule evolution evaluated three selection methods (elitism, tournament, and roulette), in four clinically relevant systems, in terms of mutation type and crossover success, chemical properties, ensemble diversity, and fitness convergence, among others. Large scale benchmarking assessed performance across 651 different protein‐ligand systems. Ensemble‐based evolution demonstrated using multiple inhibitors simultaneously to seed growth in a SARS‐CoV‐2 target. Key takeaways include: (1) The algorithm is robust as demonstrated by the successful evolution of molecules across a large diverse dataset. (2) Users have flexibility with regards to parent input, selection method, fitness function, and molecular descriptors. (3) The program is straightforward to run and only requires a single executable and input file at run‐time. (4) The elitism selection method yields more tightly clustered molecules in terms of 2D/3D similarity, with more favorable fitness, followed by tournament and roulette.
The role of γδ T17 cells in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ling Shaoxue , You Zonghao , Li Yang , Zhang Jian , Zhao Shuwu , He Yongzhi , Chen Xi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the ability of γδ T cells to bridge adaptive and innate immunity, γδ T cells can respond to a variety of molecular cues and acquire the ability to induce a variety of cytokines such as IL-17 family, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10. IL-17+ γδ T cells (γδ T17 cells) populations have recently received considerable interest as they are the major early source of IL-17A in many immune response models. However, the exact mechanism of γδ T17 cells is still poorly understood, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death in the world, and it tends to be younger. Here, we offer a review of the cardiovascular inflammatory and immune functions of γδ T17 cells in order to understand their role in CVD, which may be the key to developing new clinical applications.
Sulfur dioxide‐free Verdejo wines through the use of a pure stilbene extract: exploring possible synergistic effect with glutathione
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Escobar Rocío , Aliaño‐González María José , Marrufo‐Curtido Almudena , Jiménez‐Hierro María Jesús , Puertas Belén , Cantos‐Villar Emma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe search for alternatives to sulfur dioxide (SO2) in white wine production is a tough challenge for the oenological industry. The current article investigates the effectiveness of several preservatives in protecting Verdejo white wines. The following wines were elaborated: without preservative (CT wines), with SO2 (SO2 wines), with stilbene‐enriched extract (ST99 wines), with glutathione (GSH wines) and finally with the combination stilbene extract plus glutathione (ST99‐GSH wines).RESULTSST99 extract preserved the wines from malolactic fermentation (MLF), maintained the quality parameters of the wines, but affected their color from the beginning of the process. Synergistic effects between ST99 and GSH were found for oxygen consumption rates, related to oxidation processes. The content of amino acids and biogenic amines was slightly affected by the treatments, but the quality or safety of the wines was not compromised. However, after 12 months of ageing in bottle, the SO2 wines showed the highest score in the sensory analysis. The reasons for the evolution of treated wines and the implications of this study for maintaining the quality of free SO2 white wines are discussed.CONCLUSIONST99 may be proposed as an alternative to SO2 in wines to be consumed in the short term. Its combination with GSH does not prolong its shelf‐life. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.