bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK): emerging target for drug-resistant malignant tumors
Authors: Aakriti Jaya , Vithalkar Megh Pravin , Maity Swastika , Baby Krishnaprasad , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. , Nayak Yogendra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Malignant tumors associated with drug resistance present a significant challenge for clinicians and drug developers. Mutations and alterations within the tumor microenvironment frequently drive cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Despite identifying numerous molecular targets and lead compounds, achieving sustained efficacy remains challenging due to the rapid mutation rates and the emergence of resistance. Recently, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a promising target for inhibiting cancer progression, with several lead molecules advancing through clinical trials. FAK plays a critical role in cancer pathology by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Its structure comprises three domains- the N-terminal FERM domain, kinase domain, and C-terminal focal adhesion targeting domain- contributing to its functional versatility. Ligands targeting the FERM and kinase domains can suppress cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The FERM domain, a member of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family, is particularly noteworthy for its ligand-binding capabilities and potential to inhibit tumor growth. While FAK is a compelling anticancer target, challenges such as tissue-specific physiological variability and broad ligand specificity remain. This review provides a detailed analysis of FAK’s role in cancer progression and explores emerging molecules targeting FAK as potential treatments for drug-resistant malignant tumors.

Graphical Abstract
A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Behavioural Symptoms in CTNNB1 Syndrome
Authors: Pallarès-Sastre Mercè , Amayra Imanol , Salgueiro Monika , Villanueva-Viar Elena , Lasa-Aranzasti Amaia , García Maitane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
CTNNB1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant in the CTNNB1 gene. A systematic review was conducted to examine previous research that provided CTNNB1 syndrome patients, specifically those that described intellectual quotient, motor development, language impairments, behavioural problems and features of autism. Databases examined were PubMed and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were (a) reported human patients diagnosed with CTNNB1 syndrome by a genetic test; (b) were related to cognition, intelligence quotient, motor development, language impairment, behavioural problems or features of autism; (c) did not have another genetic diagnosis and (d) were written in Spanish or English. A total of 42 studies were included. Overall, the symptomatology described was very heterogeneous with varying degrees of impairment among patients. However, individuals reached most significant developmental milestones later than expected and with different degrees of impairment. The use of standardised methodology to assess cognitive and behavioural domains was scarce in most studies, and the vast majority did not include a specific assessment protocol based on the symptomatology of CTNNB1 syndrome individuals. In addition, only two adult patients were described in depth, which implies that there are many unknowns about the progression of the syndrome later in life. Therefore, future research should focus on increasing the sample assessed and count with a standardised protocol in order to characterise the cognitive and behavioural phenotype of CTNNB1 syndrome.
Scaling Behavior and Surface Quality of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels with Higher Levels on Cu, Sn, and Ni Under Slab Reheating Conditions
Authors: Gaiser Georg , Presoly Peter , Bernhard Christian , Ilie Sergiu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nowadays the production of steel from scrap in electric arc furnaces is the most common bridging technology to reduce CO2 emissions. Depending on scrap quality, a non-negligible content of tramp elements such as Cu, Sn, or Ni is introduced into the steel. As their affinity to oxygen is lower than that of iron, they typically enrich at the steel/scale interface area and along grain boundaries during oxidation, which may result in quality problems. Oxidation processes are unavoidable in solid steel processing, and therefore, a deeper understanding of the occurring phenomena, such as intergranular oxidation and liquid metal infiltration of grain boundaries, is essential to continuously improve the product quality. In this study, oxidation experiments for slab reheating were performed by simultaneous thermal analysis under near-process conditions. For a clear statement on the role of tramp elements during oxidation, steel grades with and without tramp elements were investigated. The addition of the expected future contents of Cu and Sn does not affect external oxidation, but at the interface the presence of Cu and Sn leads to the formation of liquid Cu phases and infiltration of grain boundaries. The additional presence of Ni counteracts this formation, but due to its huge impact on iron activity it favors the formation of a rough steel/scale interface. In contrast with Ni, Cu and Sn hardly have any influence on iron activity. Numerical calculations based on a diffusion model and results of the well-known thermochemical software FactSage confirm these effects.
Costs of choice: reformulating price theory without heroic assumptions
Authors: Devereaux Abigail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The space of human possibilities is vast and ever-growing in a creative, unpredictable fashion. Still, prices form. Acknowledging the costs of choice invokes the famous infinite regress argument wherein utility can’t be calculated without first computing an infinite chain of transaction costs. Rational individuals, to avoid getting stuck in infinite regress, must look outside themselves to make decisions. Heuristics, culture, aesthetics, and other elements of human sociality can be understood as grappling hooks to scale the unknown. Contextual or heuristic decision-making appears irrational under perfect knowledge assumptions, but theorists of creatively evolving systems cannot sufficiently explain emergent system features like prices, tradeoffs, and transaction costs without marshaling a nontrivial theory of knowledge acquisition and use. A price theory of creatively evolving social systems must, therefore, minimize a priori agent knowledge, like the “classical price theory” developed by Inoua and Smith (Economics of markets: neoclassical theory, experiments, and theory of classical price discovery, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2023). I motivate and then discuss the contours and implications of a price theory that takes the costs of choice seriously, such that the primary modeling assumption isn’t epistemic heroism but epistemic humility.
Health-related quality of life after major extremity trauma: qualitative research with military service members and clinicians to inform measurement of patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Tyner Callie E. , Kisala Pamela A. , Slotkin Jerry , Cohen Matthew L. , Cancio Jill M. , Pruziner Alison L. , Dearth Christopher L. , Tulsky David S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to understand health-related quality of life (HRQOL) factors for adults who experience major extremity trauma, including limb preservation and amputation, to guide the selection and creation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures.

Methods
A thematic content qualitative analysis was used to study service members (SMs) with a history of major extremity trauma and clinical providers with expertise in limb trauma, limb loss, and limb preservation/reconstruction. Focus groups were conducted at three Military Treatment Facilities and one Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Results
Fifty-six SMs and 34 clinicians participated. Thirty-six percent of focus group comments were coded under Physical Health, 31% Emotional Health, and 28% Social Participation. These results were largely consistent across clinicians and SMs, and clinical subgroups, with a few exceptions such as the relevance of fine motor tasks and prosthetic devices for SMs with upper extremity injury/limb loss, and orthotic devices for SMs with limb preservation/reconstruction.

Conclusion
Many HRQOL topics identified are shared with existing general PRO measures—including pain, physical function, anxiety, depression, anger, positive affect and well-being, fatigue, social participation, and loneliness—as well as rehabilitation-focused PRO measures—such as resilience, grief/loss, stigma, self-esteem, mobility, fine motor functioning, self-care, and independence. This qualitative research can be used to inform domains of HRQOL in need of new PRO measures for this population, including satisfaction with orthosis/prosthesis, satisfaction with physical abilities/athleticism, body image, future outlook, and vocational impact.
Going in or Going out– Practicing Embedded Research as a True Insider
Authors: Berglund Mattias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this autoethnographic article, I explore my experiences as a true insider, one with a dual position of researcher/practitioner in combination with organizational membership and experience in a studied setting. The concept of insider has mainly been explored as a methodological approach, where insider position concerns the relationship between researchers and participants. As someone who does research in combination with practical responsibilities, literature on co-production could only provide some guidance since the literature tends to be written from a researcher’s perspective; this is how one as a researcher co-produces, but provides fewer answers for researchers who are embedded by default. By reflecting on my experiences, I identify potential conceptual differences between different perspectives of the position of insider, both researcher-insider (as methodology) and insider-researcher (as membership) emerge with different categories to them. These categories are conceptually differentiated by experience, membership, enter and exit, responsibilities, and potential for long-term dialogue. The article identifies potential gaps for future research in the current literature on co-production for insider- researcher, mainly concerning quality criteria when change and actionable knowledge might be difficult to achieve; as well as potential difficulties concerning research ethics which may arise due to access and when one inhibits a dual position. The article also highlights how long-term implications, which could contribute to the co-production paradigm, are hidden due to difficulties in communicating practical experiences back to research unless done by a researcher.
Factors associated with preeclampsia and the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy amongst Indigenous women of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stephens Jacqueline , Grande Eleonora Dal , Roberts Tayla , Kerr Marianne , Northcott Celine , Johnson Tahlia , Sleep Jessie , Ryder Courtney 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of the Review
Preeclampsia and the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) occur more frequently amongst Indigenous women and can have short- and long-term impacts on maternal and infant health and wellbeing. To understand factors associated with increased risk for Indigenous women a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The PRISMA guidelines were adhered to, and the review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (Registration CRD42023381847). EndNote, Covidence and Excel were used to screen and extract data, with studies assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools.

Recent Findings
Seven studies from Canada, Australia, and the United States (none from New Zealand) were included in this review. Meta-analysis showed women classified as overweight (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.60), obese (OR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.57–2.25), or having high mean BMI (MD 3.02 95% CI: 1.72–4.31), high mean systolic blood pressure (MD 15.19 95% CI: 12.83–17.541), or high mean diastolic blood pressure (MD 15.26 95% CI: 13.05–17.47), pre-pregnancy diabetes (OR 3.63, 95% CI: 1.66–17.94), or high microalbuminuria (OR 2.76, 95% CI: 1.40–5.43) were more likely to be diagnosed with preeclampsia. Smoking (OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58–1.03), alcohol consumption (OR 1.70, 95% CI: 0.76–3.81), and gestational diabetes (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 0.90–3.37) were not associated with preeclampsia.

Summary
Understanding factors associated with increased preeclampsia/HDP risk amongst Indigenous women is important to minimising adverse perinatal events and future health complications. This review demonstrates current gaps in the evidence, specifically in relation to social, economic, and environmental factors.
Comparative assessment of satellite-based models through Planetscope and landsat-8 for determining physico-chemical water quality parameters in Varuna River (India)
Authors: Parida Bikash Ranjan , Tiwari Shivangi , Dwivedi Chandra Shekhar , Pandey Arvind Chandra , Singh Bhaskar , Behera Mukunda Dev , Kumar Navneet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Water quality monitoring is critical for maintaining safe water and conserving ecosystem diversity. However, data and information on riverine water quality are sparse in India’s river systems. Remote sensing analytics have huge potential to enhance the ecological state of water resources by monitoring the evolution of water contamination over time. The principal aim of the study is to use empirical modelling approaches in developing models for estimating water quality parameters (WQPs) such as total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), Calcium, Chloride, and pH using Landsat-8 and PlanetScope satellite data and laboratory analysis. Surface reflectance and band ratios are mainly utilized as input data to develop linear regression with measured water quality data. Regression-based results with PlanetScope generated significantly higher R
2 for all WQPs (0.65–0.78) except pH (0.41) as compared to Landsat-8. Results also showed that the regression models of TSS, DO, Calcium, Chloride, and pH are highly significant to visible (B, G and R) and near-infrared (NIR) bands of PlanetScope which can be attributed to finer spatial resolution. The water quality is mainly very poor around densely populated areas which crosses the permissible limit. Furthermore, the findings of this study illustrated the considerable capacity of water quality models based on remote sensing for conducting periodic monitoring and assessment. The applied empirical approach demonstrates the potential applicability of remote sensing analytics for the formulation of water management strategies, policies, and decision-making.
Interpolation of variable Hardy–Lorentz–Karamata spaces associated with rearrangement functions
Authors: Hao Zhiwei , Li Libo , Weisz Ferenc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, we introduce variable Lorentz–Karamata spaces

$${\mathcal {L}}_{p(\cdot ),q,b}(R)$$

L

p
(
·
)
,
q
,
b

(
R
)

defined by rearrangement functions and develop the martingale theory in this framework. The real interpolation theory for variable Lorentz–Karamata spaces is presented. Based on this and the new atomic decomposition, we study the real interpolation theory for variable martingale Hardy–Lorentz–Karamata spaces. We also characterize the real interpolation spaces between variable martingale Hardy spaces and

$$BMO_2$$

B
M

O
2

spaces. The results obtained here generalize the previous results for variable Lorentz spaces as well as for variable martingale Hardy–Lorentz spaces. Moreover, we remove the condition

$$\theta +p_->1$$

θ
+

p
-

>
1

in [Banach J. Math. Anal. 2023, 17(3): 47].
What is the Point of Social Media? Corporate Purpose and Digital Democratization
Authors: Aytac Ugur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a new normative framework to think about Big Tech reform. Focusing on the case of digital communication, I argue that rethinking the corporate purpose of social media companies is a distinctive entry point to the debate on how to render the powers of tech corporations democratically legitimate. I contend that we need to strive for a reform that redefines the corporate purpose of social media companies. In this view, their purpose should be to create and maintain a free, egalitarian, and democratic public sphere rather than profit seeking. This political reform democratically contains corporate power in two ways: first, the legally enforceable fiduciary duties of corporate boards are reconceptualized in relation to democratic purposes rather than shareholder interests. Second, corporate governance structures should be redesigned to ensure that the abstract purpose is realized through representatives whose incentives align with the existence of a democratic public sphere. My argument complements radical proposals such as platform socialism by drawing a connection between democratizing social media governance and identifying the proper purpose of social media companies.
Künstliche Intelligenz in den Naturwissenschaftsdidaktiken – gekommen, um zu bleiben: Potenziale, Desiderata, Herausforderungen
Authors: Nehring Andreas , Buschhüter David , Kubsch Marcus , Ludwig Tobias , Wulff Peter , Neumann Knut 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Naturwissenschaftsdidaktische Forschungen, die auf Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) und insbesondere des maschinellen Lernens (ML) zurückgreifen, stellen ein neues und dynamisches Feld dar. Vor dem Hintergrund vieler bereits vorliegender Arbeiten, bei denen Anwendungen im Bereich des Assessments oder der Evaluationen von ML-Modellen hinsichtlich ihrer Validität und Effektivität im Mittelpunkt stehen, argumentiert dieser Beitrag, dass zukünftige Forschung stärker das transformative Potenzial von ML für das Lehren und Lernen sowie für die Forschung selbst in den Blick nehmen sollte – ohne dabei ethische und erkenntnistheoretische Herausforderungen als Teil kritischer Reflexionen aus dem Blick zu verlieren. Anhand zweier Kontinuen, die durch die Antipoden „Grundlagen- und Praxisorientierung“ sowie „inkrementelle und disruptive Innovation“ aufgespannt werden, werden diese Perspektiven mittels vier beispielhafter Forschungsfelder zusammengeführt: Erstens „Unterricht individualisieren“, zweitens „Lernprozesse verstehen – durch physiologische Sensoren und multimodale Analysen“, drittens „qualitative und quantitative Daten integrieren“ und schließlich „mit künstlicher Intelligenz forschen“. Der Beitrag nutzt den Stand internationaler Forschungsarbeiten und naturwissenschaftsdidaktischer Problemstellungen, um das Potenzial und die kritische Reflexion von KI-Anwendungen für die Naturwissenschaftsdidaktiken weiter zu spezifizieren. Forschenden wird eine Orientierung im Forschungsbereich vorgeschlagen und wesentliche Herausforderungen für die Weiterentwicklung des Feldes werden beschrieben, die naturwissenschaftsdidaktische Forschungen im Bereich ML in den kommenden Jahren informieren könnten.
Characterization of copper–graphene nanocomposite block prepared by friction stir additive manufacturing
Authors: Khorram Davood , Elyasi Majid , Mirnia Mohamad Javad , Derazkola Hamed Aghajani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) of copper enhanced with graphene nanosheets, aiming to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Copper sheets and graphene nanosheets were used as raw materials and a systematic FSAM process was employed to create a multi-layered composite. Microstructural analysis revealed defect-free layers with well-distributed graphene, particularly in stir and restirring zones. The incorporation of graphene significantly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the composite to 321 MPa, a 56% increase over pure copper. Electrical conductivity also improved, reaching 108% IACS compared to 104% for pure copper. This enhancement is attributed to the graphene’s superior electron transport pathways and its effective bonding within the copper matrix. The presence of graphene in the Imp.Cu-nano sample reduced the exposure area to the corrosive solution, improved the microstructure, and enhanced corrosion resistance. Fracture surface analysis showed smaller dimples in the composite, indicating increased strength but reduced ductility compared to pure copper. Hardness measurements confirmed higher hardness values in the upper layers of the composite due to finer grain structures. These findings suggest that graphene-reinforced copper composites produced by FSAM hold significant promise for applications requiring enhanced mechanical strength and electrical conductivity.
Combined Effects of Tillage and Fertilization Sources on Soil Characteristics and Tuber Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Mancinelli Roberto , Atait Mariam , Allam Mohamed , Catalani Alessia , Jasarevic Merima , Marinari Sara , Radicetti Emanuele , Jamal Aftab , Abideen Zainul , Chilosi Gabriele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soil tillage practices and fertilization are the backbones of potato crop production system. Sustainable agricultural practices are essential for enhancing potato production in the Mediterranean environment and addressing the food security challenges. The main goal of research is to evaluate the efficacy of different soil tillage practices in combination with different fertilization sources on two potato genotypes to enhance plant growth, yield, disease resistance, and soil characteristics in the Mediterranean environment over the period of two consecutive years. Three tillage practices were adopted: plowing as conventional tillage, subsoiling, and spading as conservation tillage. Two fertilization treatments included mineral and organic fertilization. The two potato varities cultivated were Levante and Agata. The total soil nitrogen (TN) percentage in the soil increased to 0.16% under subsoiling with organic fertilization, followed by improvements in total carbon percentage and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. However, these practices did not significantly impact potato yield. The highest yield of commercial tubers was observed with plowing (27.3 n. m− 2) and mineral fertilization (25.3 n. m− 2). For seed tubers, spading tillage (34.1 n. m− 2) and organic fertilization (33.8 n. m− 2) were effective in improving both yield and quality. The Levante potato variety, The 4th International Electronic Conference on Agronomy showed resistance to early blight (Alternaria spp.) and root rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), in contrast to the Agata variety. Implementing conservation tillage practices combined with organic fertilization and disease resistant potato varieties may enhance sustainability in potato production in Mediterranean environments.