bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperbolic two-temperature generalized thermoelastic infinite medium with cylindrical cavity subjected to the non-Gaussian laser beam
Authors: El-Bary Alaa A. , Youssef Hamdy M. , Nasr Mohamad Abou El 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present work is devoted to a study of the induced temperature and stress fields in an elastic infinite medium with a cylindrical cavity under the purview of hyperbolic two-temperature thermoelasticity. The medium is an isotropic homogeneous thermoelastic material. The bounding plane surface of the cavity is loaded thermally by a non-Gaussian laser beam with a pulse duration of two ps. An exact solution to the problem is obtained in the Laplace transform space and the inversions of the Laplace transform have been carried out numerically. The derived expressions are computed numerically for copper and the results are presented in graphical form. The two-temperature parameter has significant effects on all the studied functions and plays a vital role in the speed propagation of the thermomechanical waves.
Research highlights in cancer immunotherapy from basic discovery to clinical trial
Authors: Wang Cun-Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer research is one of the most active areas in the biomedical sciences. Recently, the tumor immune environment, crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells, and immunotherapy remain the “hot” topic in the field of cancer research. This short review will highlight the recent interesting findings in cancer research associated with cancer immunology and immunotherapy from basic discovery, translational study to clinical trials.
Constraining CMIP6 Projections of an Ice‐Free Arctic Using a Weighting Scheme
Authors: Zhao Jiazhen , He Shengping , Wang Huijun , Li Fei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmploying a model democracy in which each model is equally weighted may lead to a poor estimation of the true uncertainty in climate projections from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The improvement and increase in number of CMIP6 models compared with previous phases of CMIP indicate that both model skill and independence need to be considered to provide convincing projections. In this study, we use a weighting scheme, which weights both the skill and independence of multi‐model simulations, to efficiently constrain the large uncertainty in the projection of the timing of an ice‐free Arctic. The uncertainty‐constrained projections of CMIP6 show that the multi‐model spread of the projected first year of an ice‐free Arctic can be reduced by about 29 years under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)3–7.0 scenario (a regional rivalry scenario), indicating a faster tendency to an ice‐free Arctic summer than projections based solely on model democracy. A fossil‐fuel‐based development scenario (i.e., SSP5‐8.5) leads to an ice‐free Arctic before the 2070s (ranging from 2038 to 2071), while an ice‐free Arctic occurs slightly later (by ∼10 years) under the SSP2‐4.5 scenario (i.e., intermediate scenario) and the SSP3‐7.0 scenario, but is inevitable this century. The sustainable development scenario (i.e., SSP1‐2.6) is likely to prevent the occurrence of an ice‐free Arctic. Internal variability strongly affects the projection estimated by the equally weighted ensemble; however, it has a negligible impact on the results obtained by the weighting scheme, thereby indicating that the results of this study are robust and convincing.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Northern Peats Inferred From Other Measurements
Authors: Morris P. J. , Davies M. L. , Baird A. J. , Balliston N. , Bourgault M.‐A. , Clymo R. S. , Fewster R. E. , Furukawa A. K. , Holden J. , Kessel E. , Ketcheson S. J. , Kløve B. , Larocque M. , Marttila H. , Menberu M. W. , Moore P. A. , Price J. S. , Ronkanen A.‐K. , Rosa E. , Strack M. , Surridge B. W. J. , Waddington J. M. , Whittington P. , Wilkinson S. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn northern peatlands, near‐saturated surface conditions promote valuable ecosystem services such as carbon storage and drinking water provision. Peat saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) plays an important role in maintaining wet surface conditions by moderating drainage and evapotranspiration. Peat Ksat can exhibit intense spatial variability in three dimensions and can change rapidly in response to disturbance. The development of skillful predictive equations for peat Ksat and other hydraulic properties, akin to mineral soil pedotransfer functions, remains a subject of ongoing research. We report a meta‐analysis of 2,507 northern peat samples, from which we developed linear models that predict peat Ksat from other variables, including depth, dry bulk density, von Post score (degree of humification), and categorical information such as surface microform type and peatland trophic type (e.g., bog and fen). Peat Ksat decreases strongly with increasing depth, dry bulk density, and humification; and increases along the trophic gradient from bog to fen peat. Dry bulk density and humification are particularly important predictors and increase model skill greatly; our best model, which includes these variables, has a cross‐validated r2 of 0.75 and little bias. A second model that includes humification but omits dry bulk density, intended for rapid field estimations of Ksat, also performs well (cross‐validated r2 = 0.64). Two additional models that omit several predictors perform less well (cross‐validated r2 ∼ 0.5), and exhibit greater bias, but allow Ksat to be estimated from less comprehensive data. Our models allow improved estimation of peat Ksat from simpler, cheaper measurements.
The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces
Authors: Nieto-Vesperinas Manuel , Xu Xiaohao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe uncover the existence of a universal phenomenon concerning the electromagnetic optical force exerted by light or other electromagnetic waves on a distribution of charges and currents in general, and of particles in particular. This conveys the appearence of underlying reactive quantities that hinder radiation pressure and currently observed time-averaged forces. This constitutes a novel paradigm of the mechanical efficiency of light on matter, and completes the landscape of the optical, and generally electromagnetic, force in photonics and classical electrodynamics; widening our understanding in the design of both illumination and particles in optical manipulation without the need of increasing the illuminating power, and thus lowering dissipation and heating. We show that this may be accomplished through the minimization of what we establish as the reactive strength of orbital (or canonical) momentum, which plays against the optical force a role analogous to that of the reactive power versus the radiation efficiency of an antenna. This long time overlooked quantity, important for current progress of optical manipulation, and that stems from the complex Maxwell theorem of conservation of complex momentum that we put forward, as well as its alternating flow associated to the imaginary part of the complex Maxwell stress tensor, conform the imaginary Lorentz force that we introduce in this work, and that like the reactive strength of orbital momentum, is antagonistic to the well-known time-averaged force; thus making this reactive Lorentz force indirectly observable near wavelengths at which the time-averaged force is lowered. The Minkowski and Abraham momenta are also addressed.
Identity-by-descent analysis of a large Tourette’s syndrome pedigree from Costa Rica implicates genes involved in neuronal development and signal transduction
Authors: Ryan Niamh , Ormond Cathal , Chang Yi-Chieh , Contreras Javier , Raventos Henriette , Gill Michael , Heron Elizabeth , Mathews Carol A. , Corvin Aiden 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTourette Syndrome (TS) is a heritable, early-onset neuropsychiatric disorder that typically begins in early childhood. Identifying rare genetic variants that make a significant contribution to risk in affected families may provide important insights into the molecular aetiology of this complex and heterogeneous syndrome. Here we present a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis from the 11-generation pedigree (>500 individuals) of a densely affected Costa Rican family which shares ancestry from six founder pairs. By conducting an identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis using WGS data from 19 individuals from the extended pedigree we have identified putative risk haplotypes that were not seen in controls, and can be linked with four of the six founder pairs. Rare coding and non-coding variants present on the haplotypes and only seen in haplotype carriers show an enrichment in pathways such as regulation of locomotion and signal transduction, suggesting common mechanisms by which the haplotype-specific variants may be contributing to TS-risk in this pedigree. In particular we have identified a rare deleterious missense variation in RAPGEF1 on a chromosome 9 haplotype and two ultra-rare deleterious intronic variants in ERBB4 and IKZF2 on the same chromosome 2 haplotype. All three genes play a role in neurodevelopment. This study, using WGS data in a pedigree-based approach, shows the importance of investigating both coding and non-coding variants to identify genes that may contribute to disease risk. Together, the genes and variants identified on the IBD haplotypes represent biologically relevant targets for investigation in other pedigree and population-based TS data.
Deletion of Crtc1 leads to hippocampal neuroenergetic impairments associated with depressive-like behavior
Authors: Cherix Antoine , Poitry-Yamate Carole , Lanz Bernard , Zanoletti Olivia , Grosse Jocelyn , Sandi Carmen , Gruetter Rolf , Cardinaux Jean-René 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMood disorders (MD) are a major burden on society as their biology remains poorly understood, challenging both diagnosis and therapy. Among many observed biological dysfunctions, homeostatic dysregulation, such as metabolic syndrome (MeS), shows considerable comorbidity with MD. Recently, CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1), a regulator of brain metabolism, was proposed as a promising factor to understand this relationship. Searching for imaging biomarkers and associating them with pathophysiological mechanisms using preclinical models can provide significant insight into these complex psychiatric diseases and help the development of personalized healthcare. Here, we used neuroimaging technologies to show that deletion of Crtc1 in mice leads to an imaging fingerprint of hippocampal metabolic impairment related to depressive-like behavior. By identifying a deficiency in hippocampal glucose metabolism as the underlying molecular/physiological origin of the markers, we could assign an energy-boosting mood-stabilizing treatment, ebselen, which rescued behavior and neuroimaging markers. Finally, our results point toward the GABAergic system as a potential therapeutic target for behavioral dysfunctions related to metabolic disorders. This study provides new insights on Crtc1’s and MeS’s relationship to MD and establishes depression-related markers with clinical potential.
Analysis of hyperforin (St. John’s wort) action at TRPC6 channel leads to the development of a new class of antidepressant drugs
Authors: El Hamdaoui Yamina , Zheng Fang , Fritz Nikolas , Ye Lian , Tran Mai Anh , Schwickert Kevin , Schirmeister Tanja , Braeuning Albert , Lichtenstein Dajana , Hellmich Ute A. , Weikert Dorothee , Heinrich Markus , Treccani Giulia , Schäfer Michael K. E. , Nowak Gabriel , Nürnberg Bernd , Alzheimer Christian , Müller Christian P. , Friedland Kristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSt. John’s wort is an herb, long used in folk medicine for the treatment of mild depression. Its antidepressant constituent, hyperforin, has properties such as chemical instability and induction of drug-drug interactions that preclude its use for individual pharmacotherapies. Here we identify the transient receptor potential canonical 6 channel (TRPC6) as a druggable target to control anxious and depressive behavior and as a requirement for hyperforin antidepressant action. We demonstrate that TRPC6 deficiency in mice not only results in anxious and depressive behavior, but also reduces excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells. Using electrophysiology and targeted mutagenesis, we show that hyperforin activates the channel via a specific binding motif at TRPC6. We performed an analysis of hyperforin action to develop a new antidepressant drug that uses the same TRPC6 target mechanism for its antidepressant action. We synthesized the hyperforin analog Hyp13, which shows similar binding to TRPC6 and recapitulates TRPC6-dependent anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mice. Hyp13 does not activate pregnan-X-receptor (PXR) and thereby loses the potential to induce drug-drug interactions. This may provide a new approach to develop better treatments for depression, since depression remains one of the most treatment-resistant mental disorders, warranting the development of effective drugs based on naturally occurring compounds.
The presentation, management and outcome of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with microinvasion (invasion ≤1 mm in size)—results from the UK Sloane Project
Authors: Shaaban Abeer M. , Hilton Bridget , Clements Karen , Dodwell David , Sharma Nisha , Kirwan Cliona , Sawyer Elinor , Maxwell Anthony , Wallis Matthew , Stobart Hilary , Mylvaganam Senthurun , Litherland Janet , Brace-McDonnell Samantha , Dulson-Cox Joanne , Kearins Olive , Provenzano Elena , Ellis Ian O. , Pinder Sarah E. , Thompson Alastair M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis, management and prognosis of microinvasive breast carcinoma remain controversial.

Methods
We analysed the outcomes of patients with DCIS with and without microinvasion diagnosed between 2003 and 2012 within the Sloane project.

Results
Microinvasion was recorded in 521 of 11,285 patients (4.6%), with considerable variation in reported incidence among screening units (0–25%). Microinvasion was associated with high-grade DCIS, larger DCIS size, comedo necrosis and solid, cribriform architecture (all P < 0.001). Microinvasion was more frequent in patients who underwent mastectomy compared with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) (6.9% vs 3.6%, P <  0.001), and in those undergoing axillary nodal surgery (60.4% vs 30.3%, P <  0.001) including the subset undergoing BCS (43.4% vs 8.5%, P < 0.001). Nodal metastasis rate was low and not statistically significant difference from the DCIS only group (P = 0.68). Following median follow-up of 110 months, 3% of patients had recurrent ipsilateral high-grade DCIS, and 4.2% developed invasive carcinoma. The subsequent ipsilateral invasion was of Grade 3 in 71.4% of patients with microinvasion vs 30.4% in DCIS without microinvasion (P = 0.02). Distant metastasis and breast cancer mortality were higher with microinvasion compared with DCIS only (1.2% vs 0.3%, P = 0.01 and 2.1% vs 0.8%; P = 0.005).

Conclusions
The higher breast cancer mortality with microinvasion indicates a more aggressive disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells exosomal let-7a-5p improve autophagic flux and alleviate liver injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure by promoting nuclear expression of TFEB
Authors: Lin Dengna , Chen Hao , Xiong Jing , Zhang Jing , Hu Zhaoxia , Gao Juan , Gao Bin , Zhang Shaoquan , Chen Junfeng , Cao Huijuan , Li Zhihui , Lin Bingliang , Gao Zhiliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by a dysregulated immune response and extensive hepatocyte death without satisfactory therapies. As a cytoplasmic degradative and quality-control process, autophagy was implicated in maintaining intracellular homeostasis, and decreased hepatic autophagy was found in many liver diseases and contributes to disease pathogenesis. Previously, we identified the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ACLF patients; however, the intrinsic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we showed that MSCs restored the impaired autophagic flux and alleviated liver injuries in ACLF mice, but these effects were abolished when autophago-lysosomal maturation was inhibited by leupeptin (leu), suggesting that MSCs exerted their hepatoprotective function in a pro-autophagic dependent manner. Moreover, we described a connection between transcription factor EB (TFEB) and autophagic activity in this context, as evidenced by increased nuclei translocation of TFEB elicited by MSCs were capable of promoting liver autophagy. Mechanistically, we confirmed that let-7a-5p enriched in MSCs derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) could activate autophagy by targeting MAP4K3 to reduce TFEB phosphorylation, and MAP4K3 knockdown partially attenuates the effect of anti-let-7a-5p oligonucleotide via decreasing the inflammatory response, in addition, inducing autophagy. Altogether, these findings revealed that the hepatoprotective effect of MSCs may partially profit from its exosomal let-7a-5p mediating autophagy repairment, which may provide new insights for the therapeutic target of ACLF treatment.
Diagnostic imaging of retinal astrocytomas: A case-series
Authors: McLean Keri , Hussain Rumana , Heimann Heinrich 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To use multimodal imaging techniques to characterise features of retinal astrocytomas (RA) which would aid practitioners distinguish them from other causes of non-pigmented fundal lesions.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of notes and imaging of 17 patients diagnosed with RA at a single centre between January 2012 and June 2021 was conducted. Demographics, examination findings and imaging including colour fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), infra-red (IR) and ultrasound (US) were analysed. These were compared to differential diagnoses, including retinoblastomas, amelanotic choroidal melanomas, choroidal metastases and idiopathic scleromas.

Results
Fourteen patients (82%; 14/17) had idiopathic RA and three (18%; 3/17) were associated with tuberous sclerosis. Mean age at presentation was 43 years. Twelve patients (71%; 12/17) were asymptomatic. Thirteen (76%; 13/17) had better than 6/12 vision, with 41% (7/17) better than 6/6. All lesions were creamy-white. There were two distinct appearances, seven (39%; 7/18) were poorly-defined translucent retinal elevations and eleven (61%; 11/18) were well-defined solid opaque retinal masses. Six (33%; 6/18) displayed clustered, calcified spherules giving them the pathognomonic ‘mulberry-like’ appearance. On OCT, all appeared as dome-shaped retinal thickening with disruption of the inner retinal layers and nine (60%; 9/15) had intra-retinal cystic spaces giving a ‘moth-eaten’ appearance. Mean basal diameter and thickness on OCT was 2.93 mm and 0.86 mm, respectively. High internal reflectivity on US was noted in 92% (11/12).

Conclusions
RAs display characteristic clinical, demographic and imaging features which can aid differentiating them from other non-pigmented fundal lesions. We advise using multiple imaging modalities when diagnosing these lesions.
Stereodivergent dehydrative allylation of β-keto esters using a Ru/Pd synergistic catalyst
Authors: Le Thien Phuc , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshimura Masahiro , Sato Kazuhiko , Kitamura Masato 
Published: October 2022

Abstractα-Alkylation of a β-keto ester is a frequently used reaction for carbon–carbon bond formation. However, extension to a stereoselective reaction remains a significant challenge, because the product easily racemizes under acidic or basic conditions. Here, we report a hybrid system consisting of Pd and Ru complexes that catalyzes the asymmetric dehydrative condensation between cinnamyl-type allylic alcohols and β-keto esters. α-Non-substituted β-keto ester can be allylated to afford an α-mono-substituted product with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. No epimerization occurs owing to the nearly neutral conditions, which is achieved by a rapid proton transfer from Pd-enolate formation to Ru π-allyl complex formation. Four diastereomers can be synthesized on demand by changing the stereochemistry of the Pd or Ru complex. Eight stereoisomers with three adjacent stereogenic centers can be synthesized by employing diastereoselective reduction of the ketone in the products. The formal synthesis of (+)-pancratistatin demonstrates the utility of the reaction.
The coilin N-terminus mediates multivalent interactions between coilin and Nopp140 to form and maintain Cajal bodies
Authors: Courchaine Edward , Gelles-Watnick Sara , Machyna Martin , Straube Korinna , Sauyet Sarah , Enright Jade , Neugebauer Karla M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCajal bodies (CBs) are ubiquitous nuclear membraneless organelles (MLOs) that concentrate and promote efficient biogenesis of snRNA-protein complexes involved in splicing (snRNPs). Depletion of the CB scaffolding protein coilin disperses snRNPs, making CBs a model system for studying the structure and function of MLOs. Although it is assumed that CBs form through condensation, the biomolecular interactions responsible remain elusive. Here, we discover the unexpected capacity of coilin’s N-terminal domain (NTD) to form extensive fibrils in the cytoplasm and discrete nuclear puncta in vivo. Single amino acid mutational analysis reveals distinct molecular interactions between coilin NTD proteins to form fibrils and additional NTD interactions with the nuclear Nopp140 protein to form puncta. We provide evidence that Nopp140 has condensation capacity and is required for CB assembly. From these observations, we propose a model in which coilin NTD–NTD mediated assemblies make multivalent contacts with Nopp140 to achieve biomolecular condensation in the nucleus.
Joint control of meiotic crossover patterning by the synaptonemal complex and HEI10 dosage
Authors: Durand Stéphanie , Lian Qichao , Jing Juli , Ernst Marcel , Grelon Mathilde , Zwicker David , Mercier Raphael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeiotic crossovers are limited in number and are prevented from occurring close to each other by crossover interference. In many species, crossover number is subject to sexual dimorphism, and a lower crossover number is associated with shorter chromosome axes lengths. How this patterning is imposed remains poorly understood. Here, we show that overexpression of the Arabidopsis pro-crossover protein HEI10 increases crossovers but maintains some interference and sexual dimorphism. Disrupting the synaptonemal complex by mutating ZYP1 also leads to an increase in crossovers but, in contrast, abolishes interference and disrupts the link between chromosome axis length and crossovers. Crucially, combining HEI10 overexpression and zyp1 mutation leads to a massive and unprecedented increase in crossovers. These observations support and can be predicted by, a recently proposed model in which HEI10 diffusion along the synaptonemal complex drives a coarsening process leading to well-spaced crossover-promoting foci, providing a mechanism for crossover patterning.