bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reflection on a Competency-Based Pedagogical Process Using Simulation: Tourism
Authors: David Groves  , Emeritus and Bob Lee  
Published: February 2022

This manuscript is an instructor’s reflection of the use of a simulation-based pedagogical technique to improve instruction. The content was a facility planning, design, and management course in a Tourism program. The results indicate that a simulation-based instructional strategy helps to improve the student’s perspective by adding a way of applying the information in the course. The sequencing placement of the simulation does not have a large effect upon the outcomes of the course
Incidence of Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Pediatric Post–Renal Transplant Patients Receiving Weight-Based vs Body Surface Area–Based Valganciclovir Chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Thomas Amber N. , Nguyen Phu B. , Miller Jamie L. , Neely Stephen B. , Lewis Teresa V. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and disease, identify potential risk factors, and assess the safety and efficacy of weight-based valganciclovir dosing in pediatric post–renal transplant patients.

METHODS
This single-center, retrospective study included patients ≤21 years who received a kidney transplant between January 1, 2011, and November 1, 2019, with 3 to 24 months of follow-up data. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected to assess for potential risk factors. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to determine rates of CMV DNAemia considering clinical characteristics and chemoprophylaxis.

RESULTS
Fifty-seven patients were included. The incidence of CMV DNAemia was 43.9%. Cytomegalovirus seropositive status was associated with increased risk of CMV DNAemia. Patients receiving valganciclovir for &lt;150 days had 8.33 (95% CI, 1.68–41.29) greater odds of developing CMV DNAemia than patients receiving valganciclovir for 180 ± 30 days, p = 0.01. The median time to detectable CMV PCR after transplant was 140 days (range, 12–511 days). Cytomegalovirus DNAemia was not statistically different between those receiving weight-based vs FDA-approved valganciclovir dosing; however, patients receiving the FDA-approved dosing were more likely to develop neutropenia. Among the intermediate-risk group, the adjusted relative risk of CMV DNAemia was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.36–1.09) for those not receiving chemoprophylaxis compared with those who did.

CONCLUSIONS
Risk of CMV DNAemia is higher among patients receiving valganciclovir for &lt;150 days. Further exploration of weight-based valganciclovir dosing for CMV chemoprophylaxis in high- and intermediate-risk post–renal transplant patients is needed to minimize adverse drug effects while maintaining efficacy.
Stress, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Families of Children with Disabilities
Authors: Llauradó Esther Vela , Suárez Riveiro José Manuel 
Published: February 2022

Background: A child’s disability can have significant consequences for the family, especially at an emotional level and in day-to-day life. Families must adapt to ever-changing circumstances, frequently leading to stress within the family. Each family member must attempt to cope with these circumstances, drawing on cognitive and behavioral resources to deal with new situations.
Objectives: This work aims to study stress, resilience, and satisfaction within the families of children with and without disabilities. It also analyzed these aspects depending on the type of disability (intellectual, physical, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple disabilities).
Methods: The sample consisted of 299 families, of whom 178 had a child with a disability and 121 without any disability. The study used the Parenting Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-FS) and the Saavedra-Villalta Resilience Scale (SV-RES). Satisfaction was measured using two items evaluating family satisfaction in general and the perceived satisfaction of the child in particular.
Results: The results show that families having a child with a disability reported higher levels of resilience but lower levels of stress and family satisfaction. Moreover, differences were observed depending on the type of disability, with those affected by intellectual disability showing higher levels of stress and lower levels of resilience.
Conclusion: The study results show the importance of resilience in dealing with adverse situations that may produce stress. This is an important aspect that must be considered in work and interventions with families of children with disabilities.
Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language in Its Diglossic Situation: Is Formal Spoken Arabic an Ideal Solution?
Authors: Al-Zaghir Zainab , Reda Ghsoon 
Published: February 2022

Due to the complex diglossic situation in Arabic, the question of what variety of the language to teach has always occupied a central position in work on teaching Arabic as a foreign language (AFL). Basic Standard Arabic may have been the most supported answer to the above question, but the field is not short of proposals for teaching dialectal varieties. Moreover, in quest of a way to help learners achieve full “Functionally Native Proficiency” (Ryding 1991, 216), Formal Spoken Arabic (FSA) was proposed as a bridge between a standard variety and a dialectal one. The present study argues against such a proposal at beginner levels on the following grounds: (1) FSA is different from the standard and dialectal varieties of Arabic and (2) FSA users can always shift to their dialectal varieties and employ features lying beyond AFL learners’ scope of competence. The argument is supported by examining variation in the use of the Arabic relative clause induced by the tendency toward different relativisation strategies (i.e. the pronoun retention strategy or the gap strategy) in different Arabic varieties. Considering that the relative clause can be embedded into any construction to modify a head noun, variation in its use can affect learners’ ability to make sense of the language input. This variation is demonstrated by examples selected from texts written in Classical Arabic, Modern Classical Arabic, and Iraqi Arabic. The study has implications for AFL course writers.
Language Tests in the Arabic-speaking World: Between Ideology and Language Policy
Authors: Solimando Cristina 
Published: February 2022

A system of language assessment may be used as a mechanism for affecting language policy. Language tests convey messages and ideologies that regard prestige, priorities and hierarchies, and they generally lead to the suppression of diversity (Shohamy 2007). The relationship between tests and language policy, based mainly on the criteria used for judging language quality through rating scales, guidelines and other frameworks, leads to a view of language as standardized and homogenous. From this perspective, language tests can serve as tools that negotiate and mediate between ideology and practice. In the Arabic-speaking world language tests have only recently been introduced, although very few Arab countries have shown an interest in developing the necessary means to evaluate language performance levels. In this paper the language tests developed by the Arab Academy, the UAE National Center for Assessment (Markaz al-Waṭanī li-l-Qiyās), the Mother Tongue Center (Markaz al-Lisān al-Umm), the Jordan al-Naǧāḥ National University (Ǧāmiʿat al-Naǧāḥ al-Waṭaniyya) and the King Saʿūd University will be taken into consideration in order to determine any ideological orientation in test objectives, content and rationale. Particular attention will be paid to communicative skills within a general framework of linguistic variation in the Arabic-speaking world.
One‐Pot Manganese (IV)‐Mediated Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides from Arylhydrazines
Authors: Tran Van Hieu , Kim Hee‐Kwon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSulfonyl fluorides, a useful structure in various organic syntheses, are found in several biologically active molecules and have been used in sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange‐based “click chemistry”. In the present study, a novel MnO2‐mediated synthetic method to prepare sulfonyl fluorides from aryl hydrazines employing DABSO and NFSI as effective reagents affording a variety of sulfonyl fluoride products in good to excellent yields is described. Our results suggest the generality of this MnO2 mediated transformation of various aryl hydrazines into sulfonyl fluorides under mild reaction conditions.
The PASTIS trial: Testing tadalafil for possible use in vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Pauls Mathilde M.H. , Binnie Lauren R. , Benjamin Philip , Betteridge Shai , Clarke Brian , Dhillon Mohani‐Preet K. , Ghatala Rita , Hainsworth Fearghal A.H. , Howe Franklyn A. , Khan Usman , Kruuse Christina , Madigan Jeremy B. , Moynihan Barry , Patel Bhavini , Pereira Anthony C. , Rostrup Egill , Shtaya Anan B.Y. , Spilling Catherine A. , Trippier Sarah , Williams Rebecca , Young Robin , Barrick Thomas R. , Isaacs Jeremy D. , Hainsworth Atticus H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are few randomized clinical trials in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This trial tested the hypothesis that the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil, a widely used vasodilator, increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older people with symptomatic small vessel disease, the main cause of VCI.MethodsIn a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial, participants received tadalafil (20 mg) and placebo on two visits ≥7 days apart (randomized to order of treatment). The primary endpoint, change in subcortical CBF, was measured by arterial spin labelling.ResultsTadalafil increased CBF non‐significantly in all subcortical areas (N = 55, age: 66.8 (8.6) years) with greatest treatment effect within white matter hyperintensities (+9.8%, P = .0960). There were incidental treatment effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (–7.8, –4.9 mmHg; P < .001). No serious adverse events were observed.DiscussionThis trial did not identify a significant treatment effect of single‐administration tadalafil on subcortical CBF. To detect treatment effects may require different dosing regimens.
Ecologists' Big Step Forward: Opening the Ecological Society of America’s Washington Office in 1983
Authors: Forman Richard T. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn a bold move, the Ecological Society of America (ESA) decided in 1982 to open a Washington Office. Promoting an ecological viewpoint at the national level and providing advice on matters of national and international importance were the long‐term objectives. Seemingly few if any ESA actions have been more significant. ESA President Lawrence Bliss appointed Richard Forman to spearhead the effort, while Frank Golley, Arthur Cooper, Francis Evans, and Elliott Norse played major roles, and some 33 of our other leading ecologists contributed significantly. Golley chaired a Search Committee which selected Elliott Norse, former member of the President’s Council on Environmental Quality, as Washington Office (WO) Director. Forman chaired the Public Affairs Committee which worked intensively in uncharted territory to delineate policies and practices for WO and oversee the Office and Director. The search for an office considered some 50 locations and ended next to the World Wildlife Fund at Dupont Circle. The primary immediate goals and approaches of the WO were outlined: (1) widely introduce ESA, as a source of ecological expertise, to Washington agencies, organizations, and decision makers; and (2) develop a list of qualified and willing ESA members who could provide advice or testimony on specific environmental issues to national decision makers. Not just another environmental lobby organization, ESA should fill an unfilled role in Washington. Endless problems arose and were solved, but gradually time spent on accomplishing goals predominated. Keeping the ESA Executive Committee, Council, and membership informed on progress remained a key mission. After several months Cooper chaired a committee which reviewed the WO and its Director and reported favorably on progress. Encapsulating 180 documents, mostly correspondence and reports, reveals the remarkable process of opening ESA’s pioneering Washington Office. Exactly one year after approving the WO effort, the office was operating and building a record of accomplishment. No one, including Bliss, Forman, and other key ESA leaders, had expected this success. Four decades of accomplishment now highlight the wisdom of ESA’s action.
Ethologists in the Kindergarten: Natural Behavior, Social Rank, and the Search for the “Innate” in Early Human Ethology (1960s‐1970s)
Authors: Odenwald Jakob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring the 1970s, ethologists at the German Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology in Seewiesen started a series of research projects at several regional kindergartens in search of natural predispositions in human behavior. This so‐called “Kindergarten Project” became one of the pillars of research activity at the newly foundedForschungsstelle für Humanethologie(Research Center for Human Ethology) where Irenäus Eibl‐Eibesfeldt and a team of researchers set out to explore new fields of research for the discipline of ethology. Taking the research project conducted by biologist Barbara Hold on ranking behavior among kindergarten children as a vantage point, this paper explores the shift in ethology from animal to human behavior which occurred during the 1960s and 1970s. It analyzes how human ethologists coped with the methodological, conceptual, and ethico‐political challenges which arose from crossing the human‐animal divide. This article thus sheds light on the hitherto unwritten history of human ethology as it was developed at the MPI since the late 1960s.
Fitting ecological principles of artificial reefs into the ocean planning puzzle
Authors: Paxton Avery B. , Steward D'amy N. , Harrison Zachary H. , Taylor J. Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHumans use the coastal ocean and its resources as a source of food and energy, as well as for a variety of other purposes, including transportation and recreation. Over the past several decades, uses of the coastal ocean have been increasingly accompanied by the installation of artificial structures. These artificial structures come in different shapes and sizes, ranging from energy and aquaculture infrastructure that incidentally form habitat for marine organisms to artificial reefs that are often deployed intentionally to become habitat. Marine spatial planning has offered a robust framework for siting artificial structures to minimize conflicts with other uses and maximize societal and economic benefits with other intended uses of the seascape, but ecological criteria are seldom considered in the planning process. In contrast, artificial reefs are intentionally sunk to form structured habitat and provide a variety of ecological functions, yet ecological principles are not often incorporated into the siting and planning process. Instead, artificial reefs are sited largely to advance societal and economic benefits and minimize conflicts with other uses, such as shipping traffic, military use, or impacts to sensitive areas. We outline a framework to further incorporate ecological principles into artificial reef siting, design and construction, and evaluation that features place‐based and adaptive management coupled with tenets from experimental field ecology. This framework accounts for complexities of and interactions among ecological, societal, and economic criteria associated with artificial reefs to ensure they meet defined goals.
Associations between mindfulness, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and posttraumatic growth in police academy cadets: An exploratory study
Authors: Chopko Brian A. , Adams Richard E. , Davis Jeremy , Dunham Shea M. , Palmieri Patrick A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMindfulness‐based treatments have been increasingly noted in the professional literature as a possible means to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and promote well‐being, especially among law enforcement officers. Scant research, however, has been conducted to study dispositional mindfulness and health outcomes in police cadets. The current exploratory study examined the association between the various facets of dispositional mindfulness (i.e., observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreactivity) and PTSD symptoms, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and other variables, including world assumptions, in police cadets (N = 379). Consistent with findings from previous studies of experienced officers, the results indicate that (a) mindful nonjudging is a salient trait in police cadets, which uniquely predicted lower PTSD symptoms, β = −.31, p < .001, and was related to lower levels of PTG, r = −.12, p = .025, and (b) mindful observing was related to higher levels of PTSD symptoms, r = .14, p = .009 and higher levels of PTG, r = .26, p < .001, in the present sample. In addition, the findings demonstrate that nonjudging is an important trait in police cadets regarding world assumptions such that nonjudging was a significant, unique predictor of world assumption facets, including controllability of events, β = .15, p = .025, and trustworthiness and goodness of people, β = .18, p = .004. Clinical implications, including the importance of understanding the association between mindful nonjudging and the shattering and rebuilding of worldviews and following trauma reactions, are discussed.
Database‐driven practical online adjustment of PID parameters
Authors: Toyota Daisuke , Nakano Koutarou , Ochi Kiyoshi , Kinoshita Takuya , Wakitani Shin , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe database‐driven proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control method, which is an online adjustment method of PID parameters for nonlinear systems, has a long calculation time and is difficult to apply to industrial machines. In this paper, a novel practical online adjustment method for PID parameters is proposed. The proposed method can be applied to industrial machines while adopting the database‐driven approach. According to the proposed method, the overall calculation cost can be reduced by performing the online adjustment operation of the PID parameters in a slow cycle different from the calculation of the control output. In addition, PID parameters can be learned offline manner using the one‐shot experimental data group corresponding to each shot. The learning method can adopt the extended fictitious reference iterative tuning (E‐FRIT), which calculates control parameters directly from closed‐loop data. Then, the database is updated while maintaining a certain amount of database size. The learned data are added to the existing database, and similar data are discarded using the cluster analysis method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical simulation of the time‐variant system. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Detection of the contact tube to working distance in wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Hölscher Lennart Vincent , Hassel Thomas , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrently, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is mainly done by planning the torch movements layer wise. The height step between the layers is derived from preliminary experiments. Small deviation in the determination of the height step can accumulate over the layers and lead to improper shielding gas conditions or a collision the between torch and the work piece. This makes continuous process monitoring necessary. To overcome these problems, a closed-loop layer height control strategy is beneficial. For the development of a closed-loop height control strategy, it is necessary to have knowledge of the effective height step between the layers during manufacturing. The present study focuses on the development of a sensing method, which allows users to detect the contact tube to working distance (CTWD) in WAAM. The system was developed for short circuit mode of gas-metal arc welding WAAM. The system can also provide information on whether the torch passes over weld beads crossing the weld track or other geometric irregularities existing in the z-direction. Several characteristic values of the process were detected and were matched to the actual CTWD. The accuracy of the sensing method was evaluated, and based on the measured correlation and standard deviation, the electrical resistance during short circuit monitored the CTWD best.
Midterm outcome and strength assessment after quadriceps tendon refixation with suture anchors
Authors: Geyer Stephanie , Winden Felix , Braunsperger Alexander , Kreuzpointner Florian , Kleim Benjamin D. , Lappen Sebastian , Imhoff Andreas B. , Mehl Julian , Hinz Maximilian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Quadriceps tendon ruptures (QTR) occur predominantly in middle-aged patients through violent eccentric contraction that occurs either when trying to regain balance or during a fall on the hyperflexed knee. The aim of this study was to quantify midterm postoperative results, including strength potential measured via standardized strength tests following acute (< six weeks) quadriceps tendon refixation using suture anchors.

Methods
All consecutive patients with QTR who underwent surgical suture anchor refixation between 2012 and 2019 at a single institution with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were retrospectively evaluated. Outcome measures included Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales, return to work rates, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Additionally, a standardized clinical examination and an isometric strength assessment of knee extension and flexion were performed.

Results
A total of 17 patients (median age 61.0 [25–75% IQR 50.5–72.5]) were available for final assessment at a mean follow-up of 47.1 ± SD 25.4 months. The majority of patients were male (82.4%) and most injuries occurred due to a fall on the hyperflexed knee (76.5%). The average time interval between trauma and surgery was 12.7 ± 7.5 days. Patients achieved a moderate level of activity postoperatively with a median TAS of 4 (3–5.5) and reported good to excellent outcome scores (Lysholm score: 97 (86.5–100); IKDC: 80.7 ± 13.5; KOOS subscales: pain 97.2 (93.1–100), symptoms 92.9 (82.5–100), activities of daily living 97.1 (93.4–100), sport and recreation function 80 (40–97.5) and knee-related quality of life 87.5 (62.5–100). All patients were able to fully return to work and reported little pain [VAS: 0 (0–0)]. No postoperative complications were reported. Strength measurements revealed a significant deficit of knee extension strength in comparison to the contralateral side (p = 0.011).

Conclusion
Suture anchor refixation of acute QTR leads to good functional results and high patient satisfaction without major complications. Isometric knee extension strength, however, may not be fully restored compared to the unaffected side.