bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Altitudinal Resolution of Twilight Airglow Red Lines Using Twilight Photometer
Authors: Mane Pratibha B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwilight Photometer observations were carried out at low latitude station Kolhapur (16039’42.2”N, 74014’20.8”E) India, during the period 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2011 to yield a reasonable qualitative picture of the day‐to‐day variability of the vertical distribution of the atmospheric aerosols from about 6 km to a maximum of 350 km. In this study, one attempt was made to observe twilight airglow red lines having wavelengths in between 6100 Å and 7100 Å using the vertical profiles of aerosols. The rate of change of red light due to the twilight airglow shows narrow peaks with ∼600%–1000% rise in intensity than due to aerosol twilight glow. Our observations provides information about ionized Nitrogen (N2) emissions at 6482.05 Å, 6610.56 Å and 6482.70 Å, oxygen red emission lines of 6300 Å and 6364 Å, emission caused by formation of a molecule of nitric oxide (NO), metallic emissions of sodium four red lines between 6500 and 6700 Angstroms and lithium near 6708 Å, hydroxyl (OH) emission at 6329 Å and red sprites emissions (at altitudes 50–90 km). The principal aspiration of this study is to highlight the conspicuous capability of Semiautomatic twilight photometer to study the twilight airglow emission lines. This is the first attempt in India to obtain the twilight airglow data using Twilight photometer. Twilight Photometer, although currently seldom used, is still a very effective and the most appropriate ground based passive remote sensing tool for long‐term monitoring of different atmospheric components in a wide range of altitude for day‐to‐day basis. It is an efficient system having a simple and inexpensive underlying principle of operations, yet exhibits extremely accurate and precise usage and can be operated by even a person of average skill. However, it can be seen that the resultant data was consistent with nearest peer technologies, such as LIDARs, Balloon‐Borne instruments, rocket measurements, satellite observations etc.
Double Acceleration Effects of Closely Spaced Pairs of Ocean Fronts on High‐Wind Occurrence Frequency During Boreal Winter
Authors: Wang Xilong , Wu Qigang , Wang Guihua , Schroeder Steven R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have found that sea surface temperature (SST) fronts have significant impacts on high‐wind frequency. Strong winds over the mid‐latitude North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans occur frequently downstream of SST fronts in boreal winter. An SST front can significantly increase the instability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer, which accelerates the wind on the warmer flank. This study uses satellite observations to examine the “double acceleration” effects of closely spaced paired fronts (with interfrontal distances of 300–1,000 km) on high‐wind occurrence frequency in the Pacific subarctic frontal zone east of Japan and over the Atlantic Ocean east of Newfoundland. During boreal winter each year, mean westerly winds frequently cross two or more closely spaced SST fronts, with probabilities of 85% over the North Pacific and 87% over the North Atlantic. Over the warmer flank of the first front, the average high‐wind occurrence frequency (wind speed) increases due to the vertical‐mixing mechanism. Downstream of the second front, average high‐wind occurrence frequency (wind speed) reaches maxima of ∼9% (11.5 m s−1) over the Pacific and ∼11.5% (12 m s−1) over the Atlantic. Stronger westerly winds lead to greater high‐wind frequency. The first front contributes to the observed high winds downstream of the second front due to little friction and suppression of upward vertical momentum transfer between paired fronts.
Frictional Properties of the Longmenshan Fault Belt Gouges From WFSD‐3 and Implications for Earthquake Rupture Propagation
Authors: Kuo Li‐Wei , Hung Chien‐Cheng , Li Haibing , Aretusini Stefano , Chen Jianye , Di Toro Giulio , Spagnuolo Elena , Di Felice Fabio , Wang Huan , Si Jialiang , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake generated ∼270 and ∼80 km long surface ruptures along the Longmenshan fault belt, namely the Yingxiu‐Beichuan fault (YBF) and the Guanxian‐Anxian faults (GAF), respectively. So far, most of the frictional investigations were performed on the YBF gouge materials. Here, we present the results of rotary shear friction experiments performed on the GAF gouges recovered from the depth of ∼1.25 km of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling project‐3 along the GAF. The fault gouges, mainly composed of quartz, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, were sheared at slip velocities V ranging from 10−5 to 2 m/s and normal stresses from 8.5 to 10 MPa under both room humidity and wet conditions. At any imposed slip velocity, the wet gouges have an apparent friction coefficient lower than the room humidity one. In addition, enhanced velocity‐strengthening behavior at intermediate velocities (10−2 m/s < V ≤ 10−1 m/s) was recognized. We characterized the products using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy combined with synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis. These microanalytical investigations evidence the formation of size‐reduced particles (without mineral phase changes) and R‐ and Y‐shears in the principal slip zone (PSZ). Regardless of the ambient conditions, the width of PSZ was proportional to the input frictional work density (the product of shear stress times displacement). Our results support the hypothesis that the GAF preferentially ruptures through wet fault gouges; however, the enhanced velocity‐strengthening regime at intermediate velocities may act as a barrier to slip acceleration during fault rupture propagation.
Vertical matrix perovskite X-ray detector for effective multi-energy discrimination
Authors: Pang Jincong , Zhao Shan , Du Xinyuan , Wu Haodi , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMulti-energy X-ray detection is sought after for a wide range of applications including medical imaging, security checking and industrial flaw inspection. Perovskite X-ray detectors are superior in terms of high sensitivity and low detection limit, which lays a foundation for multi-energy discrimination. However, the extended capability of the perovskite detector for multi-energy X-ray detection is challenging and has never been reported. Herein we report the design of vertical matrix perovskite X-ray detectors for multi-energy detection, based on the attenuation behavior of X-ray within the detector and machine learning algorithm. This platform is independent of the complex X-ray source components that constrain the energy discrimination capability. We show that the incident X-ray spectra could be accurately reconstructed from the conversion matrix and measured photocurrent response. Moreover, the detector could produce a set of images containing the density-graded information under single exposure, and locate the concealed position for all low-, medium- and high-density substances. Our findings suggest a new generation of X-ray detectors with features of multi-energy discrimination, density differentiation, and contrast-enhanced imaging.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhuo Lixia , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhai Yifang , Zhao Boqiang , Tian Lin , Zhang Yannan , Wang Xiaodan , Zhang Tingyu , Gan Xinyi , Yang Cheng , Wang Weigang , Gao Wei , Wang Qiang , Rohde Luis Augusto , Zhang Jie , Li Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we carried out a 4 week randomized clinical trial in which patients aged 6–12 years old with an ADHD diagnosis received TEAS or sham TEAS. The primary outcome measure was the investigator-rated Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score at week 4. Secondary outcomes included changes from baseline to week 4 in the investigator-rated Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score, the Conners’ Parent/Teacher Rating Scales-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R: S/CTRS-R: S) score, go/no-go task performance, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based oxygenated hemoglobin level within the prefrontal cortex. At week 4, the CGI-I score indicated improvement in 33.3% of the TEAS group compared with 7.7% of the sham group (P = 0.005). The TEAS group had a greater decrease in the mean CGI-S score (−0.87) than the sham TEAS group (−0.28) (P = 0.003). A greater enhancement in the mean cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin within the prefrontal cortex was found in the TEAS group (0.099 mM mm) compared with the sham TEAS group (0.005 mM mm) (P < 0.001). CPRS-R: S score, CTRS-R: S score, and go/no-go performance exhibited no significant improvement after TEAS treatment. The manipulation-associated adverse events were uncommon in both groups, and events were very mild. Our results show that noninvasive TEAS significantly improved general symptoms and increased prefrontal cortex blood flow within 4 weeks for children with ADHD. Further clinical trials are required to understand the long-term efficacy in a larger clinical sample. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03917953).
App-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance and prediction of hospital admissions in COVID Symptom Study Sweden
Authors: Kennedy Beatrice , Fitipaldi Hugo , Hammar Ulf , Maziarz Marlena , Tsereteli Neli , Oskolkov Nikolay , Varotsis Georgios , Franks Camilla A. , Nguyen Diem , Spiliopoulos Lampros , Adami Hans-Olov , Björk Jonas , Engblom Stefan , Fall Katja , Grimby-Ekman Anna , Litton Jan-Eric , Martinell Mats , Oudin Anna , Sjöström Torbjörn , Timpka Toomas , Sudre Carole H. , Graham Mark S. , du Cadet Julien Lavigne , Chan Andrew T. , Davies Richard , Ganesh Sajaysurya , May Anna , Ourselin Sébastien , Pujol Joan Capdevila , Selvachandran Somesh , Wolf Jonathan , Spector Tim D. , Steves Claire J. , Gomez Maria F. , Franks Paul W. , Fall Tove 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe app-based COVID Symptom Study was launched in Sweden in April 2020 to contribute to real-time COVID-19 surveillance. We enrolled 143,531 study participants (≥18 years) who contributed 10.6 million daily symptom reports between April 29, 2020 and February 10, 2021. Here, we include data from 19,161 self-reported PCR tests to create a symptom-based model to estimate the individual probability of symptomatic COVID-19, with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.83) in an external dataset. These individual probabilities are employed to estimate daily regional COVID-19 prevalence, which are in turn used together with current hospital data to predict next week COVID-19 hospital admissions. We show that this hospital prediction model demonstrates a lower median absolute percentage error (MdAPE: 25.9%) across the five most populated regions in Sweden during the first pandemic wave than a model based on case notifications (MdAPE: 30.3%). During the second wave, the error rates are similar. When we apply the same model to an English dataset, not including local COVID-19 test data, we observe MdAPEs of 22.3% and 19.0% during the first and second pandemic waves, respectively, highlighting the transferability of the prediction model.
Genetic analysis of over half a million people characterises C-reactive protein loci
Authors: Said Saredo , Pazoki Raha , Karhunen Ville , Võsa Urmo , Ligthart Symen , Bodinier Barbara , Koskeridis Fotios , Welsh Paul , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. , Chasman Daniel I. , Sattar Naveed , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Evangelou Evangelos , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Elliott Paul , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Dehghan Abbas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation is linked to a multitude of chronic diseases. We report the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, in UK Biobank participants (N = 427,367, European descent) and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium (total N = 575,531 European descent). We identify 266 independent loci, of which 211 are not previously reported. Gene-set analysis highlighted 42 gene sets associated with CRP levels (p ≤ 3.2 ×10−6) and tissue expression analysis indicated a strong association of CRP related genes with liver and whole blood gene expression. Phenome-wide association study identified 27 clinical outcomes associated with genetically determined CRP and subsequent Mendelian randomisation analyses supported a causal association with schizophrenia, chronic airway obstruction and prostate cancer. Our findings identified genetic loci and functional properties of chronic low-grade inflammation and provided evidence for causal associations with a range of diseases.
Snf7 spirals sense and alter membrane curvature
Authors: Jukic Nebojsa , Perrino Alma P. , Humbert Frédéric , Roux Aurélien , Scheuring Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEndosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport III (ESCRT-III) is a conserved protein system involved in many cellular processes resulting in membrane deformation and scission, topologically away from the cytoplasm. However, little is known about the transition of the planar membrane-associated protein assembly into a 3D structure. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) provided insights into assembly, structural dynamics and turnover of Snf7, the major ESCRT-III component, on planar supported lipid bilayers. Here, we develop HS-AFM experiments that remove the constraints of membrane planarity, crowdedness, and support rigidity. On non-planar membranes, Snf7 monomers are curvature insensitive, but Snf7-spirals selectively adapt their conformation to membrane geometry. In a non-crowded system, Snf7-spirals reach a critical radius, and remodel to minimize internal stress. On non-rigid supports, Snf7-spirals compact and buckle, deforming the underlying bilayer. These experiments provide direct evidence that Snf7 is sufficient to mediate topological transitions, in agreement with the loaded spiral spring model.
Activating lattice oxygen in NiFe-based (oxy)hydroxide for water electrolysis
Authors: He Zuyun , Zhang Jun , Gong Zhiheng , Lei Hang , Zhou Deng , Zhang Nian , Mai Wenjie , Zhao Shijun , Chen Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransition metal oxides or (oxy)hydroxides have been intensively investigated as promising electrocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Oxygen in the lattice was reported recently to actively participate in surface reactions. Herein, we report a sacrificial template-directed approach to synthesize Mo-doped NiFe (oxy)hydroxide with modulated oxygen activity as an enhanced electrocatalyst towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained MoNiFe (oxy)hydroxide displays a high mass activity of 1910 A/gmetal at the overpotential of 300 mV. The combination of density functional theory calculations and advanced spectroscopy techniques suggests that the Mo dopant upshifts the O 2p band and weakens the metal-oxygen bond of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide, facilitating oxygen vacancy formation and shifting the reaction pathway for OER. Our results provide critical insights into the role of lattice oxygen in determining the activity of (oxy)hydroxides and demonstrate tuning oxygen activity as a promising approach for constructing highly active electrocatalysts.
Pathogenic BRCA1 variants disrupt PLK1-regulation of mitotic spindle orientation
Authors: He Zhengcheng , Ghorayeb Ryan , Tan Susanna , Chen Ke , Lorentzian Amanda C. , Bottyan Jack , Aalam Syed Mohammed Musheer , Pujana Miguel Angel , Lange Philipp F. , Kannan Nagarajan , Eaves Connie J. , Maxwell Christopher A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreneoplastic mammary tissues from human female BRCA1 mutation carriers, or Brca1-mutant mice, display unexplained abnormalities in luminal differentiation. We now study the division characteristics of human mammary cells purified from female BRCA1 mutation carriers or non-carrier donors. We show primary BRCA1 mutant/+ cells exhibit defective BRCA1 localization, high radiosensitivity and an accelerated entry into cell division, but fail to orient their cell division axis. We also analyse 15 genetically-edited BRCA1 mutant/+ human mammary cell-lines and find that cells carrying pathogenic BRCA1 mutations acquire an analogous defect in their division axis accompanied by deficient expression of features of mature luminal cells. Importantly, these alterations are independent of accumulated DNA damage, and specifically dependent on elevated PLK1 activity induced by reduced BRCA1 function. This essential PLK1-mediated role of BRCA1 in controlling the cell division axis provides insight into the phenotypes expressed during BRCA1 tumorigenesis.
CMYA5 establishes cardiac dyad architecture and positioning
Authors: Lu Fujian , Ma Qing , Xie Wenjun , Liou Carter L. , Zhang Donghui , Sweat Mason E. , Jardin Blake D. , Naya Francisco J. , Guo Yuxuan , Cheng Heping , Pu William T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardiac excitation-contraction coupling requires dyads, the nanoscopic microdomains formed adjacent to Z-lines by apposition of transverse tubules and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Disruption of dyad architecture and function are common features of diseased cardiomyocytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms that modulate dyad organization during cardiac development, homeostasis, and disease. Here, we use proximity proteomics in intact, living hearts to identify proteins enriched near dyads. Among these proteins is CMYA5, an under-studied striated muscle protein that co-localizes with Z-lines, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, and transverse tubules in mature cardiomyocytes. During cardiac development, CMYA5 positioning adjacent to Z-lines precedes junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum positioning or transverse tubule formation. CMYA5 ablation disrupts dyad architecture, dyad positioning at Z-lines, and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, leading to cardiac dysfunction and inability to tolerate pressure overload. These data provide mechanistic insights into cardiomyopathy pathogenesis by demonstrating that CMYA5 anchors junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum to Z-lines, establishes dyad architecture, and regulates dyad Ca2+ release.
Frenkel-defected monolayer MoS2 catalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Jie , Shao Gonglei , Tang Xuan , Lv Fang , Xiang Haiyan , Jing Changfei , Liu Song , Dai Sheng , Li Yanguang , Luo Jun , Zhou Zhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDefect engineering is an effective strategy to improve the activity of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide base planes toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we report a Frenkel-defected monolayer MoS2 catalyst, in which a fraction of Mo atoms in MoS2 spontaneously leave their places in the lattice, creating vacancies and becoming interstitials by lodging in nearby locations. Unique charge distributions are introduced in the MoS2 surface planes, and those interstitial Mo atoms are more conducive to H adsorption, thus greatly promoting the HER activity of monolayer MoS2 base planes. At the current density of 10 mA cm−2, the optimal Frenkel-defected monolayer MoS2 exhibits a lower overpotential (164 mV) than either pristine monolayer MoS2 surface plane (358 mV) or Pt-single-atom doped MoS2 (211 mV). This work provides insights into the structure-property relationship of point-defected MoS2 and highlights the advantages of Frenkel defects in tuning the catalytic performance of MoS2 materials.
Redesigning regulatory components of quorum-sensing system for diverse metabolic control
Authors: Ge Chang , Yu Zheng , Sheng Huakang , Shen Xiaolin , Sun Xinxiao , Zhang Yifei , Yan Yajun , Wang Jia , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell–cell communication mechanism that can be employed to autonomously and dynamically control metabolic fluxes. However, since the functions of genetic components in the circuits are not fully understood, the developed QS circuits are still less sophisticated for regulating multiple sets of genes or operons in metabolic engineering applications. Here, we discover the regulatory roles of a CRP-binding site and the lux box to −10 region within luxR-luxI intergenic sequence in controlling the lux-type QS promoters. By varying the numbers of the CRP-binding site and redesigning the lux box to −10 site sequence, we create a library of QS variants that possess both high dynamic ranges and low leakiness. These circuits are successfully applied to achieve diverse metabolic control in salicylic acid and 4-hydroxycoumarin biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli. This work expands the toolbox for dynamic control of multiple metabolic fluxes under complex metabolic background and presents paradigms to engineer metabolic pathways for high-level synthesis of target products.
A DNA vaccine targeting VEE virus delivered by needle-free jet-injection protects macaques against aerosol challenge
Authors: Suschak John J. , Bixler Sandra L. , Badger Catherine V. , Spik Kristin W. , Kwilas Steven A. , Rossi Franco D. , Twenhafel Nancy , Adams Melissa L. , Shoemaker Charles J. , Spiegel Erin , Hooper Jay W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have previously shown that DNA vaccines expressing codon optimized alphavirus envelope glycoprotein genes protect both mice and nonhuman primates from viral challenge when delivered by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) or intramuscular (IM) electroporation (EP). Another technology with fewer logistical drawbacks is disposable syringe jet injection (DSJI) devices developed by PharmaJet, Inc. These needle-free jet injection systems are spring-powered and capable of delivering vaccines either IM or into the dermis (ID). Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of our Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) DNA vaccine delivered by either the IM- or ID-DSJI devices in nonhuman primates. The protective efficacy was assessed following aerosol challenge. We found that a prime and single boost by either the IM or ID route resulted in humoral and cellular immune responses that provided significant protection against disease and viremia. Although the ID route utilized one-fifth the DNA dose used in the IM route of vaccination, and the measured humoral and cellular immune responses trended lower, the level of protection was high and performed as well as the IM route for several clinical endpoints.
Evaluation of hair cortisol as an indicator of long-term stress responses in dogs in an animal shelter and after subsequent adoption
Authors: van der Laan Janneke Elisabeth , Vinke Claudia Maureen , Arndt Saskia Stefanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShelter dogs are exposed to a variety of stressors. Among non-invasive techniques, hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is suggested an easy to collect biomarker for giving insight into long-term stress responses. We evaluated HCC as an indicator of long-term cortisol responses in dogs in an animal shelter over different chronological time points during sheltering and after adoption. Hair samples were collected from the neck region following a shave/re-shave protocol of shelter dogs (total n = 52) at four different time periods: T1 intake at shelter (pre-shelter period, n = 51); T2 after 6 weeks in the shelter (n = 23); T3 6 weeks after adoption (n = 24); T4 6 months after adoption (n = 22). HCC at T2 was significantly higher than HCC at T1, T3 and T4 (effect of sample collection moment: F3,41 = 12.78, p < 0.0001). The dog’s weight class, age class, sex, reason for admission, kennel history and melanin type also explained HCC variability. No significant difference in HCC was found between shelter dogs T1 and control pet dogs in their own homes (n = 20, one sample, t = − 1.24, p = 0.219). A significant but moderate positive correlation between HCC and urinary cortisol:creatinine ratios was found (т = 0.3, p < 0.001). As HCC increased in the shelter, the use of this non-invasive parameter appears a useful additional tool in dog welfare research.