bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and its Relevance Considering Traditional
Medicine-based Anti-COVID-19 Drug Research
Authors: Hao Da-Cheng , Wang Fan , Xiao Pei-Gen 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The representative anti-COVID-19 herbs, i.e., Poriacocos, Pogostemon, Prunus, and
Glycyrrhiza plants, are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARSCoV-
2. Diverse medicinal compounds with favorable anti-COVID-19 activities are abundant in these plants, and
their unique pharmacological/pharmacokinetic properties have been revealed. However, the current trends in drug
metabolism/pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of anti-COVID-19 herbs have not been systematically summarized.

Methods:
In this study, the latest awareness, as well as the perception gaps regarding DMPK attributes, in the anti-
COVID-19 drug development and clinical usage was critically examined and discussed.

Results:
The extracts and compounds of P.cocos, Pogostemon, Prunus, and Glycyrrhiza plants show distinct and
diverse absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) properties. The complicated herbherb
interactions (HHIs) and herb-drug interactions (HDIs) of anti-COVID-19 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
herb pair/formula dramatically influence the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) performance of compounds thereof, which
may inspire researchers to design innovative herbal/compound formulas for optimizing the therapeutic outcome of
COVID-19 and related epidemic diseases. The ADME/T of some abundant compounds in anti-COVID-19 plants
have been elucidated, but DMPK studies should be extended to more compounds of different medicinal parts, species,
and formulations and would be facilitated by various omics platforms and computational analyses.

Conclusion:
In the framework of pharmacology and pharmacophylogeny, the DMPK knowledge base would promote
the translation of bench findings into the clinical practice of anti-COVID-19 and speed up the anti-COVID-19
drug discovery and development.
Intracranial Imaging of Preterm Infants with Suspected Hypoxic Ischemic
Encephalopathy: Comparing MRI and Ultrasound
Authors: Ho Simon S. , Zhou Yujia , Rajderkar Dhanashree 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
We correlate ultrasound, MRI, and clinical findings in neonates with suspected hypoxic ischemic injury.

Background:
Recent advances in neuroimaging have led to improved detection of subtle insults as-sociated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, beyond more historically described lesions such as large hemorrhages and hydrocephalus.

Objective::
In this study, we compare cranial ultrasound to MRI for the evaluation of suspected HIE in preterm infants.

Methods::
147 premature infant patients with paired ultrasound and MRI exams were retrospectively analyzed to compare imaging finding accuracy and clinical value.

Result::
We confirm that ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific for hydrocephalus, ventricular prominence, and gross structural abnormalities. Ultrasound is not a substitute for MRI in cases of small hemorrhages or white matter injury, however, certain US findings were associated with Apgar score and MRI sequelae of HIE.

Conclusion::
Choosing between ultrasound and MRI for preterm neonates at risk for intracranial ab-normalities based on their strengths can reduce cost and maximize clinical utility. MRI provides a highly sensitive identification of subtle brain injury, yet ultrasound is correlated with the peripartum clinical picture as measured by Apgar score.
2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Based Hydrazone Derivatives as Potential Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Khan Momin , Ali Mumtaz , Shams Waqas Ahmad , Ali Mahboob 
Published: April 2022

Background:Schiff bases are organic compounds and play a vital role in making biologically active compounds in various fields of chemistry. It shows antioxidant, antidepressant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antiglycation, and antimicrobial activity.Objective:Our current study is focused on synthesizing thirty-four 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) based novel hydrazone derivatives (09-42) which were examined for antioxidant free radical scavenging activity via both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assay and explored their alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potential at various concentrations.Methods:Multistep reactions were involved in the synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole-based hydrazone derivatives. All steps of the reaction were carried out under different conditions through a reflux condenser to get the final target products, and the reaction was monitored regularly in each step through thin layer chromatography (TLC). The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed.Results::Obtained results of antioxidants confirmed that compounds 42 (IC50 = 27.21μg/mL), 36 (IC50 = 27.90μg/mL), 23 (IC50 = 28.10μg/mL) and 35 (IC50 = 45.60μg/mL) possess excellent potential activity compared to standard ascorbic acid having (IC50 = 60.15 μg/mL) in DPPH assay. While in the case of H2O2 three compounds 38 (IC50 = 51.45 μg/mL), 15 (IC50 = 53.50 μg/mL), and 42 (IC50 = 60.42 μg/mL) showed excellent activity as compared to standard Gallic acid having (IC50= 60.67 μg/mL). In the screened compounds against alpha-glucosidase, compound 14 (IC50 = 162 μg/mL) was found to be the most active in the whole series. Another active compound 42 (IC50 = 237μg/mL) possessed moderate inhibitory potency against α-glucosidase enzyme.Conclusion:The different biological activities of these novel compounds may be due to different groups in the main skeleton of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. Further experimental analysis and assessment of these compounds are important because they may lead to better antioxidants used in foods, cosmetics, and health-related products and act as antidiabetic drug development.
Liposomal Drug Delivery and Its Potential Impact on Cancer Research
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Saindane Dnyanesh , Prajapati Bhupendra G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Liposomes are one of the most versatile drug carriers due to their functional properties, such as higher biocompatibility, the ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic products, and higher biodegradability. Liposomes are a better and more significant nanocarrier for cancer therapy. The key to developing a better cancer-targeted nanocarrier is the development of targeted liposomes using various approaches. Several traditional and novel liposome preparation methods are briefly discussed in this mini-review. The current state of liposome targeting, active and passive liposome targeting in cancer therapy, ligand directed targeting (antibody, aptamer, and protein/peptide-mediated targeting), and other miscellaneous approaches such as stimuli-responsive liposome-based targeting, autophagy inhibition mediated targeting, and curcumin loaded liposomal targeting are all discussed within. All of this gathered and compiled information will shed new light on liposome targeting strategies in cancer treatment and will pique the interest of aspiring researchers and academicians.
COVID-19 Vaccination, Peltzman Effect and Possible Increase in Highrisk Behaviors: A Growing Concern Related to Risk Compensation and Reduced Compliance to Public Health Protective Measures after Vaccines Rollout
Authors: Falahi Shahab , Mohamadi Jasem , Sayyadi Hojjat , Pakzad Iraj , Rashidi Ayoub , Naserifar Razi , Abdi Jahangir , Kenarkoohi Azra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:The world is still faced with widespread dissemination and many unanswered questions related to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Several candidate vaccines have been introduced against COVID-19, mostly requiring the injection of two doses and some with nearly 90-95% efficacy. All strategies against the spread of infection have focused on breaking the chain of virus transmission through protective public health measures and mass vaccination. The current situation emphasizes the global need for carefully designed policies to maximize vaccine access and uptake. The risk compensation theory (Peltzman Effect) states that the decrease in perceived risk through access to preventive measures may lead to increasing frequency of risky behaviors. The current pandemic has exposed people to the sense of risk compensation and behavior change in response to the perceived risk. Risk compensation phenomenon may significantly reverse the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, especially if the vaccine is not sufficiently effective in real life or among high-risk populations. Recognition and awareness of Peltzman risk compensation are of high importance in counteracting and neutralizing the false complacency of the community, which also lends more weight to public health efforts. The public health messages and practices should be clearly expressed, straightforward, reliable and applicable. It is important to encourage mass vaccination of the population, and other NPIs must be re-established and implemented to ensure education to live with COVID-19 in parallel with daily activities and job tasks.
Dopamine as a Potential Target for Learning and Memory: Contributing
to Related Neurological Disorders
Authors: Kourosh-Arami Masoumeh , Komaki Alireza , Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
It is well established that learning and memory are complex processes. They involve and
recruit different brain modulatory neurotransmitter systems. Considerable evidence points to the involvement
of dopamine (DA) in learning and memory. Manifestations of the synaptic spatial localization
of the effect of DA have gained a great deal of interest. Despite the molecular cloning of the five
DA receptor subtypes, the underlying signaling of the DA receptors in spatial learning and memory is
less compelling. Fluctuations in the DA level in the brain are associated with many diseases that comprise
deficits in learning and memory, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington’s disease, schizophrenia,
and Alzheimer's disease. This review aims to briefly summarize existing information regarding
the memory performance modified by DA. The signaling of the DA system, particularly examining
the origin of DA-modulated memory, is also discussed. Then, several kinds of memories in which
DA plays a critical role, including reward signaling, working memory, and long-term plasticity, as
well as memory consolidation, are also described. Finally, memory impairment in some DA-related
neurological disorders is also examined.
Therapeutic Effects of Thymoquinone on Alzheimer’s Disease through Modulating Amyloid-beta Neurotoxicity and Neuro-inflammatory Cytokine Levels
Authors: Alasmari Fawaz , Alotaibi Farraj M. , Al-Qahtani Wedad Saeed , AlAsmari Abdullah F. , Alqahtani Faleh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves several impaired neuronal pathways. Modulating the amyloid-beta (β-amyloid) system is being tested to treat AD. Amyloid-beta neurotoxicity is associated with neuroinflammation and plaque formation, further progressing to AD. Protecting neurons from β-amyloid neurotoxicity could be an efficient strategy for the treatment of AD. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an active ingredient in Nigella sativa (NS) and has shown effective therapeutic properties in AD models. TQ was able to attenuate the behavioral dysfunctions in AD models. Moreover, TQ could attenuate the neuroinflammation properties in animals with AD. In addition, studies have shown that TQ could modulate β-amyloid neurotoxicity, an effect associated with improved AD behavioral symptoms. In this review, we highlighted the therapeutic effects of TQ on the progression of AD through modulating β-amyloid neurotoxicity and neuro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Other phenolic compounds also present in NS improved behavioral and neuronal impairments in AD models, supporting TQ’s anti-Alzhiemer’s efficacy.
Cinacalcet HCl-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Using the Porous Carrier
Authors: Shree Dipthi , Patra Chinam N. , Ghose Debashish , Jena Goutam K. , Sahoo Biswa M. , Panigrahi Kahnu C. , Sruti Jammula 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Cinacalcet HCl is a calcimimetic, BCS class IV drug with low oral bioavailability.
Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used as biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability,
varied structures, low toxicity, and simple and easy formulation process.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug,
i.e., cinacalcet HCl, by using a suitable particulate nanocarrier system, i.e., polymeric nanoparticles.

Methods:
Biodegradable Cinacalcet HCl (CH)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles
were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using Poloxamer-188 as a stabilizer. The experimental
parameters, like polymer concentration, stabilizer concentration, temperature, and RPM speed,
were optimized. An optimized polymeric nanoparticle formulation PNP (F8) was solidified by adsorption
on the porous carrier sylysia 350.

Results:
PNP (F8) exhibited a particle size of 155 nm with low PDI (0.231) and high zeta potential (-
21.3 mV). In vitro diffusion study revealed sustained release of CH for 24 h for both PNP (F8) and solidified
PNP (F8). Pharmacokinetics after oral administration of PNP (F8) and solidified PNP (F8) exhibited
a 5-fold increase in bioavailability. Thus, both PNP (F8) and solidified PNP (F8) showed significant
improvement in oral bioavailability.

Conclusion:
Adsorption of polymeric nanoparticles onto porous carriers like sylysia 350 can be considered
as a promising approach for long-term stability.
Publicly Available, Interactive Web-Based Tools to Support Advance Care Planning: Systematic Review
Authors: Dupont Charlèss , Smets Tinne , Monnet Fanny , Pivodic Lara , De Vleminck Aline , Van Audenhove Chantal , Van den Block Lieve 
Published: April 2022

Background
There is an increasing number of interactive web-based advance care planning (ACP) support tools, which are web-based aids in any format encouraging reflection, communication, and processing of publicly available information, most of which cannot be found in the peer-reviewed literature.

Objective
This study aims to conduct a systematic review of web-based ACP support tools to describe the characteristics, readability, and quality of content and investigate whether and how they are evaluated.

Methods
We systematically searched the web-based gray literature databases OpenGrey, ClinicalTrials.gov, ProQuest, British Library, Grey Literature in the Netherlands, and Health Services Research Projects in Progress, as well as Google and app stores, and consulted experts using the following eligibility criteria: web-based, designed for the general population, accessible to everyone, interactive (encouraging reflection, communication, and processing of information), and in English or Dutch. The quality of content was evaluated using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (score 0-28—a higher score indicates better quality). To synthesize the characteristics of the ACP tools, readability and quality of content, and whether and how they were evaluated, we used 4 data extraction tables.

Results
A total of 30 tools met the eligibility criteria, including 15 (50%) websites, 10 (33%) web-based portals, 3 (10%) apps, and 2 (7%) with a combination of formats. Of the 30 tools, 24 (80%) mentioned a clear aim, including 7 (23%) that supported reflection or communication, 8 (27%) that supported people in making decisions, 7 (23%) that provided support to document decisions, and 2 (7%) that aimed to achieve all these aims. Of the 30 tools, 7 (23%) provided information on the development, all of which were developed in collaboration with health care professionals, and 3 (10%) with end users. Quality scores ranged between 11 and 28, with most of the lower-scoring tools not referring to information sources.

Conclusions
A variety of ACP support tools are available on the web, varying in the quality of content. In the future, users should be involved in the development process of ACP support tools, and the content should be substantiated by scientific evidence.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42020184112; https://tinyurl.com/mruf8b43
Developing a Technology Acceptability and Usage Survey (TAUS) for mHealth Intervention Planning and Evaluation in Nigeria: Pilot Study
Authors: Lynch Kathleen A , Atkinson Thomas M , Omisore Adeleye D , Famurewa Olusola , Olasehinde Olalekan , Odujoko Oluwole , Alatise Olusegun I , Egberongbe Adedeji , Kingham T Peter , Morris Elizabeth A , Sutton Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTechnology acceptability and usage surveys (TAUS) are brief questionnaires that measure technology comfort, typical daily use, and access in a population. However, current measures are not adapted to low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts.ObjectiveThe objective of this pilot study was to develop a TAUS that could be used to inform the implementation of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention in Nigeria.MethodsA literature review of validated technology comfort and usage scales was conducted to identify candidate items. The draft measure was reviewed for face validity by an expert panel comprised of clinicians and researchers with cultural, methodological, and clinical expertise. The measure was piloted by radiologists at an oncology symposium in Nigeria.ResultsAfter expert review, the final measure included 18 items organized into 3 domains: (1) comfort with using mobile applications, (2) reliability of internet or electricity, and (3) attitudes toward using computers or mobile applications in clinical practice. The pilot sample (n=16) reported high levels of comfort and acceptability toward using mHealth applications in the clinical setting but faced numerous infrastructure challenges.ConclusionsPilot results indicate that the TAUS may be a feasible and appropriate measure for assessing technology usage and acceptability in LMIC clinical contexts. Dedicating a domain to technology infrastructure and access yielded valuable insights for program implementation.
Translating Promoting Factors and Behavior Change Principles Into a Blended and Technology-Supported Intervention to Stimulate Physical Activity in Children With Asthma (Foxfit): Design Study
Authors: Brons Annette , Braam Katja , Broekema Aline , Timmerman Annieck , Millenaar Karel , Engelbert Raoul , Kröse Ben , Visser Bart 
Published: April 2022

Background
Children with asthma can decrease the impact of their disease by improving their physical activity (PA). However, health care providers lack interventions for children with asthma that effectively increase their PA levels and achieve behavior change. A technology-supported approach can positively influence PA and physical functioning in children.

Objective
The aims of this study were to develop a technology-supported intervention that facilitates health care providers in promoting PA for children (aged 8 to 12 years) with asthma and to systematically describe this developmental process.

Methods
Intervention mapping (IM) was applied to develop a blended and technology-supported intervention in cocreation with children with asthma, their parents, and health care providers. In accordance with the IM framework, the following steps were performed: conduct a needs assessment; define the intervention outcome, performance objectives, and change objectives; select theory-based intervention methods and strategies; create components of the intervention and conduct pilot tests; create an implementation plan; and create an evaluation plan.

Results
We developed the blended intervention Foxfit that consists of an app with a PA monitor for children (aged 8 to 12 years) with asthma and a web-based dashboard for their health care provider. The intervention focuses on PA in everyday life to improve social participation. Foxfit contains components based on behavior change principles and gamification, including goal setting, rewards, action planning, monitoring, shaping knowledge, a gamified story, personal coaching and feedback, and a tailored approach. An evaluation plan was created to assess the intervention’s usability and feasibility for both children and health care providers.

Conclusions
The IM framework was very useful for systematically developing a technology-supported intervention and for describing the translational process from scientific evidence, the needs and wishes of future users, and behavior change principles into this intervention. This has led to the technology-supported intervention Foxfit that facilitates health care providers in promoting PA in children with asthma. The structured description of the development process and functional components shows the way behavior change techniques are incorporated in the intervention.

Trial Registration
International Clinical Trial Registry Platform NTR6658; https://tinyurl.com/3rxejksf
Type 1 Diabetes Hypoglycemia Prediction Algorithms: Systematic Review
Authors: Tsichlaki Stella , Koumakis Lefteris , Tsiknakis Manolis 
Published: April 2022

Background
Diabetes is a chronic condition that necessitates regular monitoring and self-management of the patient’s blood glucose levels. People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can live a productive life if they receive proper diabetes care. Nonetheless, a loose glycemic control might increase the risk of developing hypoglycemia. This incident can occur because of a variety of causes, such as taking additional doses of insulin, skipping meals, or overexercising. Mainly, the symptoms of hypoglycemia range from mild dysphoria to more severe conditions, if not detected in a timely manner.

Objective
In this review, we aimed to report on innovative detection techniques and tactics for identifying and preventing hypoglycemic episodes, focusing on T1D.

Methods
A systematic literature search following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed focusing on the PubMed, GoogleScholar, IEEEXplore, and ACM Digital Library to find articles on technologies related to hypoglycemia detection in patients with T1D.

Results
The presented approaches have been used or devised to enhance blood glucose monitoring and boost its efficacy in forecasting future glucose levels, which could aid the prediction of future episodes of hypoglycemia. We detected 19 predictive models for hypoglycemia, specifically on T1D, using a wide range of algorithmic methodologies, spanning from statistics (1.9/19, 10%) to machine learning (9.88/19, 52%) and deep learning (7.22/19, 38%). The algorithms used most were the Kalman filtering and classification models (support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forests). The performance of the predictive models was found to be satisfactory overall, reaching accuracies between 70% and 99%, which proves that such technologies are capable of facilitating the prediction of T1D hypoglycemia.

Conclusions
It is evident that continuous glucose monitoring can improve glucose control in diabetes; however, predictive models for hypo- and hyperglycemia using only mainstream noninvasive sensors such as wristbands and smartwatches are foreseen to be the next step for mobile health in T1D. Prospective studies are required to demonstrate the value of such models in real-life mobile health interventions.