bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User attention and behaviour in virtual reality art encounter
Authors: Mu Mu , Dohan Murtada , Goodyear Alison , Hill Gary , Johns Cleyon , Mauthe Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the proliferation of consumer virtual reality (VR) headsets and creative tools, content creators are experimenting with new forms of interactive audience experience using immersive media. Understanding user attention and behaviours in virtual environment can greatly inform the creative processes in VR. We developed an abstract VR painting and an experimentation system to study audience art encounters through eye gaze and movement tracking. The data from a user experiment with 35 participants reveal a range of user activity patterns in art exploration. Deep learning models are used to study the connections between the behavioural data and the audience’s background. The work also introduced new integrated methods to visualise user attention for content creators.
Sphingosine 1-Phoshpate Receptors are Located in Synapses and Control Spontaneous Activity of Mouse Neurons in Culture
Authors: Skoug Cecilia , Martinsson Isak , Gouras Gunnar K. , Meissner Anja , Duarte João M. N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is best known for its roles as vascular and immune regulator. Besides, it is also present in the central nervous system (CNS) where it can act as neuromodulator via five S1P receptors (S1PRs), and thus control neurotransmitter release. The distribution of S1PRs in the active zone and postsynaptic density of CNS synapses remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the localization of S1PR1-5 in synapses of the mouse cortex. Cortical nerve terminals purified in a sucrose gradient were endowed with all five S1PRs. Further subcellular fractionation of cortical nerve terminals revealed S1PR2 and S1PR4 immunoreactivity in the active zone of presynaptic nerve terminals. Interestingly, only S1PR2 and S1PR3 immunoreactivity was found in the postsynaptic density. All receptors were present outside the active zone of nerve terminals. Neurons in the mouse cortex and primary neurons in culture showed immunoreactivity against all five S1PRs, and Ca2+ imaging revealed that S1P inhibits spontaneous neuronal activity in a dose-dependent fashion. When testing selective agonists for each of the receptors, we found that only S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR4 control spontaneous neuronal activity. We conclude that S1PR2 and S1PR4 are located in the active zone of nerve terminals and inhibit neuronal activity. Future studies need to test whether these receptors modulate stimulation-induced neurotransmitter release.
Development of micro-zymography: Visualization of enzymatic activity at the microscopic scale for aggregates collected from the rhizosphere
Authors: Ghaderi Negar , Schmidt Hannes , Schlüter Steffen , Banfield Callum , Blagodatskaya Evgenia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims
Visualization of enzymatic activity links microbial functioning to localization in heterogeneous soil habitats. To assess enzymatic reactions in soil thin layer at the microscopic level, we developed a micro-zymography approach and tested it by visualization of the potential activity of phosphomonoesterase for aggregates collected from the rhizosphere of Zea mays L.

Methods
We evaluated micro-zymography by applying fluorogenically-labeled substrate i) on individual soil aggregates freshly sampled from the rhizosphere, ii) on thin layers of aggregates (≈ 500 µm) saturated with substrate to assess the dynamics of phosphomonoesterase activity, and iii) on maize roots under laser scanning microscope upon the identified hotspots by membrane-based zymography.

Results
We found super transparent silicon as the most appropriate fixative to prevent sample drying. We optimized microscope settings to eliminate the soil auto-fluorescence. The fluorescent signal shifted from the free liquid phase towards the aggregate boundaries within 30 min after substrate addition and was finally detectable at the surface of a few aggregates. This was probably due to higher microbial abundance and enzymatic activity on the soil aggregates compared to the liquid phase. The enzymatic activity appeared patchy at the aggregate and root surfaces indicating heterogeneous distribution of hotspots.

Conclusions
The methodology including calibration, sample preparation, fixation, and monitoring was developed. The novel membrane-free micro-zymography approach is a promising tool to identify functional specificity and niche differentiation on roots and soil aggregates. This approach revealed unexplained complexity of competing processes (biochemical, hydrolytic, and physical) due to differently charged reaction products and enzyme-clay complexes.
Reproducibility of COVID-19 pre-prints
Authors: Collins Annie , Alexander Rohan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo examine the reproducibility of COVID-19 research, we create a dataset of pre-prints posted to arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv between 28 January 2020 and 30 June 2021 that are related to COVID-19. We extract the text from these pre-prints and parse them looking for keyword markers signaling the availability of the data and code underpinning the pre-print. For the pre-prints that are in our sample, we are unable to find markers of either open data or open code for 75% of those on arXiv, 67% of those on bioRxiv, and 79% of those on medRxiv.
Scrutinizing the collaboration criterion in research: how do policy ambitions play out in proposals and assessments?
Authors: Jonsson Oskar , Iwarsson Susanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on a commission by one of the Swedish Research Council, which has high ambitions to strengthen the collaboration between academia and society, this study aimed to reveal how researchers describe the collaboration with partners outside the university in research proposals. Globally, collaboration is advocated to bridge research-practice gaps and address complex societal challenges. This study scrutinizes how the collaboration criterion was operationalized in all research proposals submitted to The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare in 2016. A content analysis of 381 proposals and related assessments was used to identify patterns and categories. Preliminary results were subjected to discussion in a workshop with 34 researchers representing granted proposals in the material, followed by further analysis. Comparisons were made between granted and rejected proposals. The applicants had made diverse interpretations of the collaboration criterion specified in the calls under which the proposals were submitted. The few that described theoretical underpinnings for collaborative approaches used a diversity of concepts but none of them frequently. Collaboration overlapped with other sections in the proposals. There is a need to develop theoretical awareness and conceptual clarity regarding collaboration and embed collaboration in research. In the context studied, collaboration with actors outside the university does not appear to be crucial for funding.
Filtration with Multiple Species of Particles
Authors: Sun Yixuan , Kondic Lou , Cummings Linda J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMembrane filtration of feed containing multiple species of particles is a common process in the industrial setting. In this work, we propose a model for filtration of a suspension containing multiple particle species (concrete examples of our model are shown in two and three species), each with different affinities for the material of the porous filter membrane. Using the pore shape within the membrane as a design objective, we formulate a number of optimization problems pertaining to effective separation of desired and undesired particles in the special case of two-particle species and we present results showing how properties such as feed composition affect the optimal filter design. In addition, we propose a novel multi-stage filtration strategy, which provides a significant mass yield improvement for the desired particles, and, surprisingly, higher purity of the product as well.
Mastozytose
Authors: Jäger K. , Kinaciyan T. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungMastozytosen sind seltene, sporadisch auftretende Erkrankungen, bei denen es zu einer klonalen Vermehrung von Mastzellen in verschiedenen Geweben kommt. Zu den betroffenen Organen gehören am häufigsten die Haut und/oder das Knochenmark, aber auch Gastrointestinaltrakt, Leber, Milz, Lunge und Lymphknoten. Die Einteilung erfolgt in kutane und systemische Formen. Während die rein kutane Form eine gute Prognose hat, gibt es bei den systemischen Varianten schwere Formen wie die aggressive Mastozytose, die Mastzellleukämie und das sehr seltene Mastzellsarkom, die eine zytostatische Therapie erforderlich machen und die mit einer schlechten Prognose einhergehen. Kinder sind häufiger betroffen als Erwachsene und haben im Gegensatz zu den Erwachsenen meist eine rein kutane Form, die zur spontanen Remission neigt.Die Symptomatik im Bereich der Haut reicht von einzelnen bis zu diffus verteilten juckenden gelblich-bräunlichen Hauterscheinungen die fleckig, knotig und bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern auch blasig sein können. Zu den systemischen Symptomen kommt es durch Freisetzung von großen Mengen an Mastzellmediatoren oder durch die Schädigung von Gewebe in Organen durch die Vermehrung von Mastzellen. Dementsprechend vielgestaltig sind die Symptome, unter denen sich Pruritus, Flush, Kopfschmerzen, Diarrhoe, Bauchkrämpfe, Palpitationen und schwere Anaphylaxien, v. a. auch nach Stichen durch Hautflügler wie Bienen oder Wespen, finden.
Local martingale solutions and pathwise uniqueness for the three-dimensional stochastic inviscid primitive equations
Authors: Hu Ruimeng , Lin Quyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the stochastic effect on the three-dimensional inviscid primitive equations (PEs, also called the hydrostatic Euler equations). Specifically, we consider a larger class of noises than multiplicative noises, and work in the analytic function space due to the ill-posedness in Sobolev spaces of PEs without horizontal viscosity. Under proper conditions, we prove the local existence of martingale solutions and pathwise uniqueness. By adding vertical viscosity, i.e., considering the hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations, we can relax the restriction on initial conditions to be only analytic in the horizontal variables with Sobolev regularity in the vertical variable, and allow the transport noise in the vertical direction. We establish the local existence of martingale solutions and pathwise uniqueness, and show that the solutions become analytic in the vertical variable instantaneously as $$t>0$$

t
>
0

and the vertical analytic radius increases as long as the solutions exist.
Attentional processing of body images in women with overweight and obesity
Authors: Baur Julia , Krohmer Kerstin , Naumann Eva , Svaldi Jennifer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the claim to integrate body image interventions in obesity treatment, little is known about the mechanisms involved in maintaining body dissatisfaction in persons with overweight and obesity. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate attentional processing of body stimuli in women with overweight and obesity (OW).

Methods
Women with OW (n = 82) and normal weight controls (NW; n = 44) conducted two eye-tracking paradigms. In the first paradigm, fixation duration on the subjectively most beautiful and ugliest body part of one’s own and a weight-matched control body were analyzed. In the second paradigm, picture pairs including the own and a control body or object were presented and initial fixation orientation was measured. Automatic and intentional processing of the body pictures was manipulated by either indicating on which side which stimuli would appear or not.

Results
Women with OW displayed a bias towards the ugliest as opposed to the most beautiful body part, whereas women with NW showed a balanced viewing pattern. Furthermore, both groups showed a preference for bodies relative to the object. However, only women with OW preferred their own relative to the control body during intentional processing.

Conclusion
Taken together, results point towards a self-focused and deficit-oriented gaze pattern in women with overweight and obesity. Targeting these processes might help to improve obesity treatment outcomes.

Level of evidence
Level I, experimental study.
Synthesis of N-doped carbon quantum dots as lubricant additive to enhance the tribological behavior of MoS2 nanofluid
Authors: He Jiaqi , Sun Jianlin , Choi Junho , Wang Chenglong , Su Daoxin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel lubricant additive nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot (N-CQD) nanoparticle was prepared by the solvothermal method. The synthesized spherical N-CQD nanoparticles in the diameter of about 10 nm had a graphene oxide (GO)-like structure with various oxygen (O)- and nitrogen (N)-containing functional groups. Then N-CQDs were added to MoS2 nanofluid, and the tribological properties for steel/steel friction pairs were evaluated using a pin-on-disk tribometer. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations for the friction system with MoS2 or MoS2 + N-CQD nanoparticles were also conducted. The results showed that friction processes with MoS2 + N-CQD nanofluids were under the mixed lubrication regime. And MoS2 nanofluid containing 0.4 wt% N-CQDs could achieve 30.4% and 31.0% reduction in the friction coefficient and wear rate, respectively, compared to those without N-CQDs. By analyzing the worn surface topography and chemical compositions, the excellent lubrication performance resulted from the formation of tribochemistry-induced tribofilm. The average thickness of tribofilm was about 13.9 nm, and it was composed of amorphous substances, ultrafine crystalline nanoparticles, and self-lubricating FeSO4/Fe2(SO4)3. NEMD simulation results indicated the interaction between S atoms in MoS2 as well as these O- and N-containing functional groups in N-CQDs with steel surfaces enhanced the stability and strength of tribofilm. Thereby the metal surface was further protected from friction and wear.
Maternal body mass index and placental weight: a role for fetal insulin, maternal insulin and leptin
Authors: Kristiansen O. , Roland M. C. , Zucknick M. , Reine T. M. , Kolset S. O. , Henriksen T. , Lekva T. , Michelsen T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Placental weight (PW) has been found to mediate the main effect of maternal BMI on fetal size. Still, the BMI–PW association is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential explanatory variables, including gestational weight gain (GWG), early- and late-pregnancy circulating levels of maternal glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C, and fetal insulin.

Methods
We included two studies of pregnant women from Oslo University Hospital, Norway: the prospective STORK (n = 263) and the cross-sectional 4-vessel method study (4-vessel; n = 165). We used multiple linear regression for data analyses. A non-linear BMI-PW association was observed, which leveled off from BMI25. Therefore, BMI <25 and ≥25 were analyzed separately (n = 170/122 and 93/43 for STORK/4-vessel). Confounding variables included maternal age, parity, and gestational age.

Results
PW increased significantly per kg m−2 only among BMI <25 (univariate model’s std.β[p] = 0.233 [0.002] vs. 0.074[0.48]/0.296[0.001] vs. −0.030[0.85] for BMI <25 vs. ≥25 in STORK/4-vessel). Maternal early- but not late-pregnancy insulin and term fetal insulin were associated with PW. The estimated effect of early pregnancy insulin was similar between the BMI groups but statistically significant only among BMI <25 (std.β[p] = 0.182[0.016] vs. 0.203[0.07] for BMI <25 vs. ≥25). Late pregnancy leptin was inversely associated with PW with a 1.3/1.7-fold greater effect among BMI ≥25 than BMI <25 in the STORK/4-vessel.

Conclusions
The BMI–PW association was non-linear: an association was observed for BMI <25 but not for BMI ≥25. Leptin may be involved in the non-linear association through a placental–adipose tissue interplay. Maternal early pregnancy insulin and fetal insulin at term were associated with PW.
Child, adolescent, and parent mental health in general population during a year of COVID-19 pandemic in belgium: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wauters Amélyne , Tiete Julien , Reis Joana , Lambotte Isabelle , Marchini Simone , Delvenne Véronique 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aims to evaluate the mental health status of children, adolescents and their parents during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium.

Method
Analysis compared results before and during the second national lockdown, which started on November 2nd 2020. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between May 2020 and April 2021.

Results
Two hundred and eighteen adults and 273 children fully completed the survey. Almost one in five children (17.9%) presented moderate-to-severe scores of depression. Adolescents presented a higher level of depression than children (p = 0.007). The rate of moderate-to-severe depression scores (10.8% to 21%, p = 0.007) and internalized symptoms increased during the second lockdown (p < 0.001). Parents' depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.027) levels also increased during the second lockdown. Logistic regression showed that the use of psychotropic medication in parents and parents’ depression scores were risk factors for children to have worse depression scores.

Conclusion
The second lockdown appears to worsen the effects of the pandemic on children’s and parents’ mental health. There is a need to implement specific interventions targeting both children/adolescents and their parents to support them during lockdown periods and improve mental health outcomes.
Body image and association with BMI, and purgative behaviours for weight control in adolescents aged 11–14 years
Authors: Rossi Camila Elizandra , da Silva Karina Peixoto , Feio Costa Larissa da Cunha , Barboza Bernardo Paz , de Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the association of overweight/obesity based in BMI and purgative behaviours with body image (BI). Methods: Cross-sectional study, with probabilistic sample of 976 adolescents, aged 11–14 years, from the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed. Overweight (including obesity) and four variables related to purgative methods for body weight control or eating behaviour were evaluated as outcomes, while BI satisfaction was the primary independent variable in each model. Models were controlled for age, sex, type of school (public or private), intake of fruit and vegetables, number of daily meals, and physical activity scores levels. A total of 31·4 % of adolescents wanted to enlarge their silhouette and 45·6 % wanted to reduce it. Among overweight/obese adolescents, 9·6 % were satisfied with their bodies, while 89·8 % wanted to reduce it, while among the not overweight/obese adolescents, 45·4 % wanted to enlarge their silhouette (P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds for overweight/obesity is higher among adolescents who wanted to reduce their silhouette (OR = 11·20; 95 % CI = 5·55, 22·58). Adolescents who want to reduce their silhouette are more likely to use diuretics (OR = 3·08; CI = 1·78, 5·32) and to use laxatives (OR = 2·10; CI = 1·20, 3·68). A significant association was also found between dissatisfaction with BI and overeating (among those who want to enlarge their silhouette: OR = 1·78; CI = 1·12, 2·85 and among those who want to reduce their silhouette: OR = 1·81; CI = 1·03, 3·19). Conclusion: BI dissatisfaction was associated with overweight/obesity, as well with overeating, and the use of purgative methods.
Classification of singularities of cluster algebras of finite type: the case of trivial coefficients
Authors: Benito Angelica , Faber Eleonore , Mourtada Hussein , Schober Bernd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe provide a complete classification of the singularities of cluster algebras of finite type with trivial coefficients. Alongside, we develop a constructive desingularization of these singularities via blowups in regular centers over fields of arbitrary characteristic. Furthermore, from the same perspective, we study a family of cluster algebras which are not of finite type and which arise from a star shaped quiver.
The Social Welfare System in Bata Company Towns (1920s–1950s): Between Transnational Vision and Local Settings
Authors: Balaban Milan , Perutka Lukáš , Paye Simon , Savić Dalibor , Herman Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the early twentieth century, the Bata company became one of the largest shoe manufacturers in the world, and an emblematic icon of family capitalism. This paper presents an overview of the social welfare system developed by the firm, first in its hometown of Zlín (Moravia) and then in more than thirty company towns founded in Czechoslovakia, Europe, and other continents from the 1920s to the 1950s. It shows how the initial model provided by the city of Zlín took different forms after being exported to other settlements, and aims to identify the causes of this divergence. Following a transnational perspective, this research contributes to a better understanding of how policies, models, and practices transferred around the world by multinational companies can be reshaped according to national and local contexts.
Examining the logical argument of the problem of evil from an African perspective
Authors: Chimakonam Jonathan O. , Chimakonam Amara Esther 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe argue that the problem of evil, logically, stems from the unequal binary that characterizes the bivalent structure of Western discourses in the philosophy of religion. This structure pits God against the devil, but also the value of good against evil they are believed to represent. The difficulty is that those who subscribe to creationism, for example, hold that God as an omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect entity created everything. Ironically, this must include evil or the devil himself. If one says He did not create evil, then one is faced with the challenge of explaining how evil emerged and how an omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect God could continue to allow evil in the world. Our strategy would be to dilute the problem by dismantling logical bivalence. With an appropriate logic background like the African truth-glut three-valued system of Ezumezu as an explanatory mechanism, we will demonstrate that the problem of evil is resolvable, even if negatively. Using the principle of value-complementarity, we will argue that the notions of good and evil are not merely opposites but complementary. In this way, God, would be construed, especially from logical ideas inspired by the viewpoint of the African Traditional world-view, as ‘harmony-God’.
NEXT TIME WON'T YOU SIGN WITH ME: JOAN LA BARBARA ON SESAME STREET
Authors: Bohlman Andrea F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article explores Joan La Barbara's appearance on Sesame Street with ‘The Signing Alphabet’ (1977) to engage her artistic commitments to accessibility and collaboration. The piece is an alphabet song rendered through vocal improvisation against an animation of the American Manual Alphabet by Steve Finkin. It plays with the relationships between sound, alphabets, learning and literacy, reaching new listening publics: children and their caregivers. Through the visibility it offers Deaf culture, the work generates frames through which to hear La Barbara's voice and see the limitations of her vocal extensions. The piece reveals other paths for new music in the 1970s, placing La Barbara's creativity in the context of educational programing aimed at normalising difference, especially in the context of disability, race and class. Sesame Street and Joan La Barbara, I suggest, imbue vocal extension and exploration with an ethos of care.