bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reoperation and Complication Rates Following Patellar Fracture Repair with Plates
Authors: Checketts Jake X. , Scott Jared , Fishbeck Keith , Hart Thomas , Pham William , Dadgar Azad , Calder Mark , Norris Brent L. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Recent work has suggested good clinical and functional results with dorsal surface plating of patellar fractures. The primary outcome measurement of this study was reoperation rates for patellar fractures that had been treated with dorsal plating.

Methods:
This work consists of a retrospective review of clinical and functional outcome data following repair of patellar fractures with dorsal plates. We obtained institutional review board approval for this study and conducted a review of 9 consecutive years of our group’s trauma practice. We also contacted patients to assess patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after 12 months.

Results:
Eighty-five patellar fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) via plating over 9 years. Eight (9.41%) of the patients required reoperation. Of the 72 patients with complete follow-up of ≥12 weeks, 3 (4.17%) had nonunion of the fracture site and 4 (5.56%) had loss of reduction of the fracture. The average Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score among our sample was 18.84 (slight symptoms); 72.41% of the patients in our sample had slight or no symptoms at ≥12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Our results indicated that plating of comminuted patellar fractures is a safe, viable treatment strategy. The PROs at ≥12 months of follow-up data were promising. Additionally, dorsal plating may allow for early return of function and less postoperative bracing.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Baseline severity and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) as biomarker predictors of short-term mortality in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: de Araújo Maria Carolina Martins , Alfieri Daniela Frizon , Lehmann Ana Lucia Cruz Fürstenberger , Flauzino Tamires , Trevisani Emmanuelle Roberto , Nagao Maisa Rocha , de Freitas Leonardo Bodner , Simão Andrea Name Colado , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim was to investigate the association between plasma levels of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) and risk factors, subtypes, severity and short-term mortality of acute ischemic stroke (IS), and to identify a panel of biomarkers to predict short-term mortality after IS. The prospective study evaluated 132 IS patients within 24 h of their hospital admission. The baseline IS severity was assessed using the National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and categorized as mild (NIHSS<5), moderate (NIHSS 5-14) and severe (NIHSS≥15). After three-month follow-up, the disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); moreover, the patients were classified as survivors and non-survivors. Baseline inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and soluble CAMs were evaluated. Twenty-nine (21.9%) IS patients were non-survivors and showed higher NIHSS and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) than the survivors. The sVCAM-1 levels positively correlated with age, homocysteine, severity, and disability. The model #3 combining sVCAM-1 and NIHSS showed better results to predict short-term mortality with an area under the curve receiving operating characteristics (AUC/ROC) of 0.8841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.795-0.941] than the models with sVCAM-1 and NIHSS alone, with positive predictive value of 68.0%, negative predictive value of 91.3%, and accuracy of 86.5%. In conclusion, the combined model with baseline severity of IS and sVCAM-1 levels can early predict the prognosis of IS patients who may benefit with therapeutic measures of personalized therapy that taken into account these biomarkers. Moreover, this result suggests that VCAM-1 might be a potential target for the therapeutic strategies in IS.
Operation or not? An In-hospital Mortality Risk Index in treating perforated peptic ulcer: A population-based study in Asia
Authors: Huang Yi-Kai , Wu Kun-Ta , Chen Chung-Yen , Chen Jian-Han 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The major treatment for perforated peptic ulcers (PPU) is surgery, and several scoring systems have been reported to predict morbidity and mortality after surgery. However, it remains unclear which patient should receive nonoperative management instead of surgery. This study aimed to generate a scoring system for surgeons to identify patients with PPU who may be too weak to undergo surgery and without any survival benefit. We extracted the admission data of adult (≥ 18 years) patients with PPU disease from the NHIRD database. They were randomly divided into an 80% model derivation cohort and a 20% validation cohort. Multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model was applied to generate the scoring system, PPUMS. The scoring system was then applied to the validation group. The PPUMS score ranged from 0 to 8 points, composite with age (< 45: 0 points, 45–65: 1 point, 65–80: 2 points, > 80: 3 points), and five comorbidities (congestive heart failure, severe liver disease, renal disease, history of malignancy, and obesity: 1 point each). In the derivation group, patients with PPUMS > 4 had a 45.9% in-hospital mortality rate and similar in-hospital mortality risk in the operation group [traditional laparotomy: odds ratio (OR) = 0.729, p = 0.320, laparoscopy: OR = 0.772, p = 0.697] and the non-operation group. In the validation group, patients with PPUMS > 4 points had a 36.9% mortality rate and similar mortality risk in the operation group (traditional laparotomy: OR = 0.353, p = 0.093, laparoscopy: no applicable) and non-operation group. PPUMS is a good predictor of mortality risk in patients with PPU and with various underlying diseases or comorbidities. Surgical management is suggested for patients with PPU with PPUMS ≤ 4 points because of lower mortality risk. However, in patients with PPUMS > 4 points, surgery may have limited benefit due to the high mortality rate compared to nonoperative treatment.
An ancestral western diet causes transgenerational changes in offspring feeding behavior linked to alterations in brain mitochondrial proteome and microRNAs.
Authors: Murashov Alexander , Pak Elena , Mar Jordan , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey , Bhat Krishna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Parental lifestyle and eating habits are largely responsible for childhood obesity epidemic. Clustering of obesity in families suggests that cultural inheritance, genetics, and epigenetics work together to affect children's eating habits. In the current study, we explored whether epigenetic factors, such as ancestral diet, can influence offspring feeding behavior by using a fruit fly model. Here, we demonstrate that ancestral caloric overload alters offspring feeding behavior via transgenerational inheritance, along with changes in activity, triglyceride levels, and mitochondrial density in the brain. Mechanistically, we found that the generational differences are associated with changes in brain proteome and miRNA. The findings identify ancestral nutrition as a critical factor in the generational programming of feeding behavior.
The significance of morphological and anatomical investigation of leaves and stems for the identification of Zygophyllaceae.
Authors: Ibrahim Dalia , Ragab Osama 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In this study we examined morphological and anatomical variation in stem and leaf tissue of three genera in the Zygophyllaceae: Fagonia (4 taxa), Tetraena (4 taxa), and Tribulus (4 taxa) were investigated.
Results
The twelve examined taxa included nine species that grow in eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Additional features for taxon identification and characterization were developed as a result of our observations. We recorded stem diagram, epidermal cell shape, cortex, pith, the number of vascular bundles, petiole and blade outline in cross section, mesophyll type, and secretory and crystal distribution.
Conclusions
We conclude that anatomical features, particularly the petiole and blade outlines and the type of vasculature in the stem and petiole, are significant for identifying and distinguishing between the species examined here. A bracketed key is provided for the identification of the investigated taxa based on the characters analyzed here. The characters assessed in this study agreed with previous classifications of Zygophyllaceae species.
The locust plagues in the Yangtze River Delta of China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Li Gang , Xu Wei , Kong Dongyan , Gao Xing , Wang Shuo , Feng Chenxi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Little Ice Age was concurrent with frequent natural disasters in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1911 AD). Using historical documents created in the Yangtze River Delta during these dynasties, we reconstructed the severity and frequency of locust plagues. We uncovered their temporal and spatial patterns, relevant influencing factors, and applied control measures as follows. These locust plagues occurred in the Yangtze River Delta during summer and autumn and were considered moderate-degree disasters. The locust plagues during the Qing Dynasty were less harmful than those during the Ming Dynasty. The locust plagues occurred north of 31 °N and were concentrated around lakes and rivers. Regarding long-term changes, three periods of frequent locust plagues were identified: 1520–1540 AD, 1610–1670 AD, and 1850–1870 AD. The locust plague cycles were dominated by long-term changes of 100 and 350 years, alternating with short-term changes of 10–30 years. Locust growth and development occur under suitable climate conditions. However, in the Yangtze River Delta, the relationship between locust outbreaks and temperature changes was insignificant, whereas flood disasters provided suitable humidity conditions for locust nymph growth. Locust plague outbreaks had a series of social impacts; one direct result was rising food prices. When facing locust plagues, the Ming and Qing Dynasties formed effective top-down preventative measures corresponding to local conditions. The locust plagues in the Yangtze River Delta during the Ming and Qing Dynasties occurred with regularity, were responsive to local hydrological conditions, and impacted social economies and technologies.
Development of a Social Skills Training Programme Using Virtual Reality Technology in Municipal Mental Health Services
Authors: Ose Solveig Osborg , Thaulow Kristin , Færevik Hilde , Hoffmann Per Lund , Lestander Hedvig , Stiles Tore , Lindgren Martin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
People with severe mental illness often have a small or no network of friends and limited contact with their family and live social isolated lives. We developed a social skills training programme to be administered by public mental health professionals in helping those with mental illness to overcome their social isolation.
Methods
The programme was developed over three years in close collaboration among psychologists, service users, municipal mental health professionals, mental health service researchers and a local firm providing virtual reality (VR) training.
Results
The mental health professionals acknowledge the potential this technology represents, and the first pilot study is currently being conducted. Even before the pilot study is completed, some of the staff have been able to use VR technology in meetings with service users when deemed suitable.
Conclusion
Several factors made adoption and implementation of VR technology possible in a relatively short timeframe: namely, the municipality and service users were involved from the beginning of the process, efforts were made to introduce VR to mental health professionals and allow them to reflect on its usability, solutions were low-tech and low cost, and the long-term research collaboration was established without municipal financial obligations.
A novel victorivirus isolated from the tobacco spot blight fungus Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum in China
Authors: Yang Meng meng , Wang Guiyao , Mu Wenjun , Guo Jianhua , Xi Jiaqin , Hu Liwei , Liang Kexin , Xu Qiang , Hu Zongyu , Song Jizhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum is an important plant-pathogenic fungus that causes stem and leaf blight diseases in a variety of crops. Here, we report the characterization of a novel victorivirus, tentatively named Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum victorivirus 1 (ScVV-1), isolated from the S. cucurbitacearum isolate M-7. The ScVV-1 genome is 5,165 bp in length with a predicted GC content of 60.1%, putatively contains two large open reading frames (ORF 1 and 2) that encode a coat protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which share significant identities with corresponding proteins of mycoviruses in the family Totiviridae. The ScVV-1 RdRp appears to be translated by a stop-initiation pentanucleotide UAAUG sequence. Phylogenetic analyses based on CP and RdRp amino acid (aa) sequences both indicated that ScVV-1 belonged to the genus Victorivirus in the family Totiviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first full-length genome sequence of a victorivirus infecting S. cucurbitacearum.
Characterizing surface roughness of β-titanium alloy machined using carbide tool by machine learning approaches
Authors: Ma Abdul Md , Imam Tasadduq , Ahsan Kazi Badrul , Khandoker Neamul Ahsan Noman 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
By virtue of its high strength-to-weight ratio, preserving its toughness and other mechanical strength properties at high temperature, low wear, and corrosion rates even in eroding environment, and non-reactivity with human body fluid, the titanium α-β alloy Ti-6Al-4V is a supreme material for producing responsible machine parts. However, machining of such and other Ti-alloy based materials is difficult especially due to lower thermal conductivity, unprecedented high heat generation in cutting zone, chemical reactivity of Ti molecules with cutting tool materials (producing built-up edge), further to notoriously low tool life, low molecular density, and poor surface integrity sustained during machining. Development of optimum machining regimes is, hence, important to reduce machining time and consequently the production cost while maintaining product quality and surface integrity. A series of real-life machining investigations, using coated and uncoated carbide inserts, have been carried out to characterise the optimum ranges of individual cutting parameters (v, f, d) with respect of obtained surface roughness (Ra). While machining literature generally focuses on varying specific parameters keeping other parameter constant to characterise the impact of cutting parameters on surface roughness, we in this article process the machining data using machine learning (ML) approaches (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Deep Learning) to characterise surface roughness with respect to varying all three cutting parameters together. Thus, this work makes an important contribution to the current machining literature. The achieved outcomes will facilitate sustainability, economic efficiencies and machining quality in future research and the manufacturing process of Ti alloy products.
Simultaneous inhibition of MEK and CAKMII in presence of LIF upregulates expression of Sox1 and Pax6 in mouse ES cells without affecting its pluripotency
Authors: Pisal Rishikaysh V. , Bavorova Hana , Sullivan Gareth , Mokry Jaroslav 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Earliest cells of neural lineage express pluripotency and early neural genes. However, conditions essential for propagating these cells are not known. In this study, we investigated several factors that would support and propagate embryonic stem cells (ES) derived early neural stem cells. RT-qPCR data revealed that PD325901 (MEK inhibitor), Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and KN93 (CAMKII inhibitor) (henceforth referred as PLK media) upregulated expression of early neural genes Sox1 and Pax6 in ES cells, while the expression of pluripotency genes Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog remained on par with the ES cells cultured in ES media. On repeated passaging in PLK medium, expression of Sox1 and Pax6 increased gradually while expression of pluripotency genes remained constant. Moreover, even after several passages the PLK cultured cells were pluripotent, as confirmed by embryoid body (EB) mediated assay. To best of our knowledge, ours is the first group to report this unique combination of factors that potentially upregulated early neural genes while maintaining pluripotency. We feel it is appropriate to call the newly isolated cells “pro-neurogenic ES cells” (pnESC) and not primitive neural stem cells (pNSCs) since they retained pluripotency while pNSCs are not pluripotent.
New Synthesized tri-peptide as Inhibitor of krait (Bungarus sindanus) venom acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Sher Naila 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the current study, the cyclopeptide alkaloid discarine D derived tri-peptides fragments were manufactured and then investigated for their inhibitory potential against krait (Bungarus sindanus) venom acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The tri-peptides L-Leu- threo-D-Pheser-L-Phe and L-Leu- threo-L-Pheser-L-Phe were chemically synthesized by a conventional method using the benzyloxycarbonyl group for the alpha-amino (α-amino) safety and the methyl esters an amino acids derivative used safety for the carboxyl group. The present paper described that the general synthetic strategy of tri-peptide allows the tri-peptide sequence to be acquired with the N-terminal extreme protected. Kinetic studies using the Lineweaver Burk plot indicated that tri-peptides fragments cause an un-competitive type of inhibition i.e. both Km and Vmax values decreased with the increase of tri-peptides fragment concentration (13.5-22.5 µM). The estimated Ki and IC50 for krait venom AChE were found to be 17.5 µM and 19.5 µM, respectively. It is concluded from the present paper clarified that the freshly produced tri-peptides fragment can be deliberated as a beneficial mediator for the inhibition of krait venom AChE.
`Relativistic Beaming and Source Orientation Effects in Extragalactic Radio Sources
Authors: Onah C. I. , Ubachukwu A. A. , Odo F. C. , Aniezi J. N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we use the correlation between radio core-dominance (R) and Linear size (D) properties of a sample of AGN (ESSs and FSRQs) to investigate the beaming hypothesis and orientation effects in AGNs. The distributions give mean values of D of 144.54 ± 7.52kpc, 288.40 ± 33.66kpc and 25.48 ± 0.054 kpc for ESS quasars, radio galaxies and FSRQs respectively. The R-distributions give mean values of R for ESS quasars, radio galaxies and FSRQs as 0.10 ± 0.006, 0.02 ± 0.006 and 124.4 ± 0.002 for ESS quasars, radio galaxies and FSRQs respectively. The regression analyses yield: logR = -1.47–0.11logD (kpc), with r ~ -0.06; logR = -0.68 -0.15logD (kpc), with r ~ -0.10 and logR = 2.49–1.71logD (kpc), with r ~ -0.85 for ESS radio galaxies, ESS quasars and FSRQs respectively. The results reveal that FSRQs are more consistent with beaming model than ESS quasars and ESS radio galaxies that are yet to be understood in terms of the model. The results are consistent with 6 ≤ γ ≤ 15 for FSRQs which correspond to critical cone angles, ϕc in the range of 40 ≤ φc ≤ 100. Further analyses of the results yield: 6c ≤ βapp ≤ 15c. The results are consistent with relativistic beaming and orientation scheme in which the radio axes of FSRQs observed at smaller angle to the line-of-sight of the observer has more Doppler boosting effect than ESS radio sources counterpart
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Prospectively Predicts Booster Vaccination Side-effects Six Months Later: Implications of this Psychosomatic Nocebo Component
Authors: Hoffman Yaakov S.G. , Levin Yafit , Palgi Yuval , Goodwin Robin , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Greenblatt-Kimron Lee 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The directionality between vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine side-effects was not hitherto examined. Aligned with nocebo effects, vaccine hesitancy to the second Pfizer vaccination dose should predict subsequent side-effects to the booster dose, over and beyond all other effects. Furthermore, consistent with nocebo effects being driven by (mis)information in males, and by prior experience in females, compatible sex differences were predicted. A representative sample of older adults (n = 756, mean age = 68.9 ± 3.43) were questioned in a typical cross-lagged design (wave 1 following the second Pfizer dose, wave 2 after their booster shot). Vaccine hesitancy, side-effect severity and demographics were reported at each wave. All predictions were confirmed. First, only the direction of earlier vaccine hesitancy predicting subsequent booster side-effects was significant, for females (β = 0.10 p = .025, f 2=.02) and males (β = 0.34, p < 0.001, f 2 = .16 ). Second, this effect was stronger in males (χ²Δ (1) = 4.34, p = .03). Third, the autoregression W1-to-W2 side-effect link was stronger in females (β = .34, p < .001), than in males (β = .18, p < .001), χ²Δ (1) = 26.86, p < .001. The data show that a quantifiable and meaningful portion of COVID-19 vaccine side-effects is predicted by prior negative attitudes towards the vaccine (i.e., hesitancy), demonstrating that side-effects comprise a psychosomatic component in vaccinated individuals. The results reveal distinct risk levels for future side-effects and suggest implications for tailoring public health messaging to these psychosomatic effects.
Substrate-Rhodium cooperativity in photoinduced ortho-alkynylation of arenes
Authors: Saha Argha , Ghosh Animesh , Guin Srimanta , Panda Sanjib , Mal Dibya Kanti , Majumdar Abhirup , Akita Munetaka , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the realm of metallaphotocatalytic C-H activation strategy, the mode of reaction which has been mostly explored is the synergistic effect between a photocatalyst (PC) and a transition metal. In these cases, the energy and redox transfer from the PC to transition metal modulates the oxidation state which brings new mechanistic paradigms in C-H activation and enables prior elusive transformations under milder conditions. Another mode of reactivity occurs via the direct excitation of the transition metal which plays the dual role of light energy harnessing alongside performing the bond breaking and forming. This mode is advantageous because it would not require any exogenous PC, however such reactivity by transition metals is rare in literature. In this context we have developed the first photo-induced Rh-catalyzed ortho-alkynylation under ambient conditions without the requirement of silver salt, PC or any engineered substrate or catalyst. The transformation functions by the specific cooperative effect of a six-membered rhodacycle which is the photo-responsive species. The catalytic system allows the conjugation of arenes with sp3-rich pharmacophoric fragments. The control experiments as well as the computational studies resolve the mechanistic intricacies for this transformation. An outer sphere electron transfer process from Rh to alkynyl radical is operative for the present photo-induced transformation over the more common oxidative addition or 1,2-migratory insertion pathways.