bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A regional study to evaluate the impact of coal-fired power plants on Lung cancer Incident Rates
Authors: Mudaranthakam Dinesh Pal , Pepper Sam , Alsup Alexander , Gajewski Byron 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death worldwide due to its high incidence rate and low survival rate (1). Despite its high mortality, early screening of lung cancer is underemphasized in public campaigns compared to other cancers (2). Many risk factors contribute to lung cancer, with the predominant cause being the inhalation of toxic chemicals which includes tobacco smoke and industrial pollution (3). The combustive process of coal power production releases 84 different compounds that are designated as hazardous air pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (4). These compounds can cause several diseases in both humans and animals, as demonstrated by national-level research studies conducted in Southeast Asia (5). As of 2020 coal-powered power plants contributed to 34% of the overall power generation across Kansas (6). One ton of coal only generates 2,460 kWh of electricity whereas Wyandotte county alone requires 2,300 kWh (7; 8). With that context, our goal was to assess how the coal-fired power plants across the state of Kansas are related to lung cancer incidence in their surrounding area. We found that areas within the immediate vicinity of two coal-power plants had higher incidence rates of lung cancer compared to areas with no coal-power plants. Additionally, modeling lung cancer incidence based on vicinity to plants with covariates revealed a significant relationship between poverty, age, and lung cancer incidence. Individuals living in poverty are predisposed to healthcare-related bankruptcy and cost-associated treatment nonadherence (9). They are also shown to smoke more which is a known risk factor for lung cancer (10). Limiting affordable housing for these individuals to areas containing significant risk factors for lung cancer is irresponsible and potentially exploitative. Further studies on this topic should examine additional socioeconomic and lung cancer risk factors as well.
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of different potato cultivars provides insight into early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani
Authors: Sivarajan Sajeevan Radha , Abdelmeguid Ingi , Saripella Ganapathi Varma , Lenman Marit , Alexandersson Erik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Early blight disease in potatoes is one of the economically important diseases affecting the tuber yield and quality worldwide. It is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria solani. The disease is mainly controlled by chemical plant protection agents. However, the over-usage of these chemicals leads to the evolution of resistant A. solani strains and is environmentally hazardous. Therefore, identifying resistant potato cultivars or genetic disease resistance factors is the best strategy for the sustainable management of early blight.
Results
In this study, we have captured transcriptomes from three different potato cultivars with varying susceptibility to A. solani, Magnum Bonum, Désirée, and Kuras, at 18 and 36 hours post-infection. We identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these cultivars, and the number of DEGs increased with susceptibility and infection time. There were 649 transcripts commonly expressed between the potato cultivars and time points, of which 627 and 22 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Interestingly, overall the up-regulated DEGs were twice in number as compared to down-regulated ones in all the potato cultivars and time points, except Kuras at 36 hours post-inoculation. In general, transcription factor families WRKY, ERF, bHLH, MYB, and C2H2 were highly enriched DEGs, of which a significant number were up-regulated. The majority of the key transcripts involved in the jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis pathways were highly up-regulated. Many transcripts involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, isoprenyl-PP, and terpene biosynthesis were also up-regulated across the potato cultivars and time points. Compared to Magnum Bonum and Désirée, multiple components of the photosynthesis machinery, starch biosynthesis and degradation pathway were down-regulated in the most susceptible potato cultivar, Kuras.
Conclusions
This study provides important insights into the molecular events occurring in early disease development and helps to shorten the knowledge gap and supports potato breeding programs for improved early blight disease resistance.
Rare variation: the absence of both the celiac trunk artery and the common hepatic artery
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Wang Shan , Ye Minfeng , Tao Feng , Guo Danling 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Knowledge of celiac trunk anatomy is important in gastrointestinal surgery, hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, transplantation and interventional radiology. Variations in the celiac trunk are common and should be predicted prior to these interventions.
Methods: A 58-years-old woman was admitted to our department for surgical treatment of gastric cancer (GC) confirmed by gastroduodenoscopy and gastric antrum biopsy. In the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), we found an absence of both the celiac trunk artery (CA) and the common hepatic artery (CHA). Therefore, we used computerized three-dimensional (3D) vascular reconstruction technology to reconstruct the abdominal trunk and its branch vessels before operation.
Results: Computerized 3D vascular reconstruction confirmed an extremely rare vascular anomaly: the absence of both CA and CHA. The splenic artery (SA) and gastroduodenal artery (GDA) originated from the abdominal aorta (AA). The left gastric artery (LGA) originated from the AA directly above the junction of SA and the GDA. The left hepatic artery (LHA) originated from the left gastric artery (LGA). The right hepatic artery (RHA) originated from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Laparoscopic radical resection of GC was performed. This anomaly was also confirmed intraoperatively. This patient was discharged on the 10th day after surgery without any postoperative complication. There were no signs of tumor recurrence during the 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion: Correct identification of abnormal abdominal large blood vessels and their relationship with tumors before surgery is of great significance to avoid intraoperative blood vessel damage, major postoperative complications and the missing of lymph node dissection.
Comparison of Femoral Neck System versus Cannulated Screws for Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Jiabao , Chen Jialei , Xing Fei , Liu Hao , Xiang Zhou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, some studies on the efficacy of the femoral neck system (FNS) in treating femoral neck fractures (FNFs) have been published. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to clarify the efficacy and safety of FNS versus cannulated screws (CS) for the treatment of FNFs.
Method: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies comparing FNS and CS fixations in FNFs. Intraoperative indicators, postoperative clinical indicators, postoperative complications, and postoperative scores were compared between the implants.
Results: A total of eight studies were included in the study, involving 448 FNFs patients. The results showed that patients in FNS group were significantly lower than the CS group in the number of X-ray exposures (WMD=-10.16; 95% CI, -11.44 to -8.88; P<0.001; I2=0%), fracture healing time (WMD=-1.54; 95% CI, -2.38 to -0.70; P <0.001; I2=92%), length of femoral neck shortening (WMD=-2.01; 95% CI, -3.11 to -0.91; P <0.001; I2=0%), femoral head necrosis (OR=0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.83; P =0.02; I2=0% ), implant failure/cutout (OR=0.28; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.82; P =0.02; I2=0%), and Visual Analog Scale Score (WMD=-1.27; 95% CI, -2.51 to -0.04; P=0.04; I2=91%). And the Harris Score was significantly higher in the FNS group than in the CS group (WMD=4.15; 95% CI, 1.00 to 7.30; P=0.01; I2=89%).
Conclusions: Based on this meta-analysis, FNS shows better clinical efficacy and safety in treating FNFs compared to CS. However, due to the limited quality and number of included studies and the high heterogeneity of the meta-analysis; large samples and multicenter RCTs are needed to confirm this conclusion in the future.
Level of evidence: II, Systematic review and Meta-analysis.
Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021283646.
Clinical Learning Placements: A socio-material ethnography
Authors: M Harding A. , Newman M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Learning on hospital clinical placements is a key component of medical student education. However, the learning experiences often do not match expectations. A better understanding of how students learn on clinical placements in acute healthcare environments may provide insights that can be used to help learning expectations be realised more consistently.
This paper presents results of a focussed ethnographic study using observational methods investigating the clinical learning of third-year students on one clinical placement at one hospital in the UK over 4 years. Analysis was informed by Actor Network Theory (ANT) and focussed on developing a system to help explain how a complex set of social and material actors can interact to produce actual learning opportunities.
Using ANT, we conceptualised learning as taking place through a web (or network) of interactions between the medical students and other human and material actors. In our study these networks were short lived, took many hours to initiate, went through predictable stages of initiation and disintegration. Students spent considerable time not engaged in learning networks and often appeared unable to fully participate when they were engaged. Material actors - although essential to the formation of learning networks, often inhibited network formation.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram model for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with adenomyosis
Authors: Hu Yicheng , Kong Wei , Jiang Peng , Gong Chunxia , Chen Yanlin , Xu Lingya , Yang Yang , Hu Zhuoying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose To establish a reliable nomogram model to predict the risk of major adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with adenomyosis, and to provide a reference tool for the hierarchical management and the prenatal examination of pregnant women.
Methods We collected the clinical data of pregnant women with adenomyosis who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and the Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2014 to June 2020. They were divided into the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively.
In the training cohort, we screened out risk factors associated with major adverse pregnancy outcomes and established a model, which was subsequently validated.
Results In the training cohort, we found that natural conception or not, type of adenomyosis, previous parity, history of infertility or adverse pregnancy outcomes, history of uterine body surgerywere associated with major adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with adenomyosis, and based on these factors, a nomogram model was constructed. The calibration curves of the model were well fitted in both the training and validation cohorts. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.862 and 0.836 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The optimal risk threshold of the model was 0.24, and this threshold can be applied to risk stratification of pregnant women.
Conclusion The nomogram model established in this study can reliably predict the risk of major APO in pregnant women with AD.
Cluster-allocated S. salivarius is more effective than antibiotics-alone reducing pharyngeal Group A Streptococcus prevalence for schoolchildren at risk of Rheumatic fever: a stepped-wedge non-randomized trial
Authors: Malcolm John , Innes-Smith Sandra , Bennett Melissa , O’Brien Pareake , Wright Janine , Edwards Tui , Chi PaoLin , Ball Katheryn , Blunt Tadhg , Frampton. Chris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Acute rheumatic fever triggered by pharyngeal and skin Group A Streptococcal infections (GAS) disproportionately affects indigenous Māori schoolchildren. This stepped-wedged study in Whakatāne, New Zealand compared whole-school-cluster allocated Streptococcus salivarius probiotic effectiveness on GAS pharyngeal prevalence (carriage and pharyngitis) following antibiotics, compared to antibiotics-alone for GAS positive children. Each of two clusters followed a sequence with a different Streptococcus salivarius exposure period over ten winter weeks in 2015.

Method

Both clusters had high Māori schoolchildren rolls (99% and 81%) at high risk of acute rheumatic fever. The parents/guardians of 60% of eligible schoolchildren consented. Schoolchildren had pharyngeal swabs and sore-throat questionnaires administered by external student-nurses, informing GAS prevalence (primary outcome) and pharyngitis (secondary outcome). GAS positive schoolchildren’s usual care was 10 days once-daily oral amoxicillin. One whole cluster then commenced S. salivarius daily for 30 days. The other initial control cluster had S. salivarius six weeks later, after both clusters were re-swabbed, and GAS positive schoolchildren treated. Student-nurses and laboratory scientists assessing outcomes were blinded to prior S. salivarius exposure. S. salivarius and control period findings were compared.

Results

Per-protocol efficacy, informed by study swabs, showed Odds of pharyngeal GAS prevalence reduced substantially, but not significantly 0.6 (95% CI 0.29–1.21) for added S. salivarius, (n 235) compared to antibiotics-alone (n 106). Subgroup analysis of 197 originally GAS negative schoolchildren’s swabs found significantly reduced Odds of GAS prevalence with S. salivarius 0.42 (95% CI 0.19–0.94). compared to controls (n 80). Intention to treat analysis utilizing study swabs showed S. salivarius effectively reduced GAS prevalence from 15.5–7.4%, Odds 0.52 (95% CI 0.28–0.97) (n 309) compared to antibiotics-alone (n 157). Intention to treat sub-analysis utilizing all swabs for 260 GAS negative schoolchildren, demonstrated S. salivarius effectiveness Odds 0.52 (95% CI 0.27-1.00) compared to 131 controls. GAS pharyngitis declined from 10/128 to 2/128 over three months Odds 0.19 (95%CI 0.04–0.87) following antibiotics and S. salivarius.

Conclusion

Whole-cluster S. salivarius probiotic, given after antibiotic treatment of schoolchildren with pharyngeal GAS, significantly reduces GAS pharyngeal prevalence, carriage, and pharyngitis, by limiting GAS negative schoolchildren acquiring Group A Streptococcus.
Trial registration ACTRN12615000402549
Wide-spread brain activation and reduced CSF flow during avian REM sleep
Authors: Ungurean Gianina , Behroozi Mehdi , Boeger Leonard , Helluy Xavier , Libourel Paul-Antoine , Gunturkun Onur , Rattenborg Niels 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mammalian sleep has been implicated in maintaining a healthy extracellular environment in the brain. During wakefulness, neuronal activity leads to the accumulation of toxic proteins implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. The glymphatic system is thought to clear these proteins by flushing cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) through the brain. In mice, this process occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. And, in humans, increased ventricular CSF flow during NREM sleep, visualized using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), is also thought to be coupled to flow through the glymphatic system. But does waste clearance occur throughout sleep or is it specific to NREM sleep? Using fMRI of naturally sleeping pigeons, we show that REM sleep, a paradoxical state with wake-like brain activity, during which we experience our most vivid dreams, is accompanied in birds with the activation of brain regions involved in processing visual information, including optic flow during flight. We further demonstrate that, compared to NREM sleep, REM sleep is associated with a sharp drop in ventricular CSF flow. Consequently, functions linked to brain activation during REM sleep might come at the expense of waste clearance during NREM sleep.
Arthroscopic versus open cancellous bone grafting for scaphoid delyed/nonunion in adults: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kjaer Morten , Rasmusssen Jeppe Vejlgaard , Gvozdenoviz Robert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Scaphoid non-union results in pain and decreased hand function. Untreated, almost all cases develop degenerative changes. Despite advances in surgical techniques, the treatment is challenging and often results in a long period with a supportive bandage until the union is established. Open, corticocancellous (CC) or cancellous (C) graft reconstruction and internal fixation are often preferred. Arthroscopic assisted reconstruction with C chips and internal fixation provides minimal trauma to the ligament structures, joint capsule, and extrinsic vascularization with similar union rates. Correction of deformity after operative treatment is debated with some studies favouring CC, and other found no difference. No studies have compared time to union and functional outcomes in arthroscopic vs. open C graft reconstruction. We hypothesize that Arthroscopic assisted C chips graft reconstruction of scaphoid delayed/non-union provide faster time to union, by at least mean 3 weeks difference.
Methods: Single site, prospective, observer-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eighty-eight patients aged 18-68 years with scaphoid delayed/non-union, will be randomized, 1:1, to either open iliac crest C graft reconstruction or arthroscopic assisted distal radius C chips graft reconstruction. Patients are stratified for smoking habits, proximal pole involvement, and displacement of >/<2mm. The primary outcome is time to union, measured with repeated CT scans at 2-week intervals from 6 to 16 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes are Quick disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH), Visual Analogue scale (VAS), donor site morbidity, union rate, restoration of scaphoid deformity, range of motion, key-pinch, grip strength, EQ5D-5L, patient satisfaction, complications, and revision surgery.
Discussion: The results of this study will contribute to the treatment algorithm of scaphoid delayed/non-union and assist hand surgeons and patients in making treatment decisions. Eventually, improving time to union will benefit patients in earlier return to normal daily activity and reduce society costs by shortening sick leave.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05574582
Attribution of lake eutrophication risk to anthropogenic forcing adjacent to the agriculture areas, China
Authors: Ge Yuhao , Liu Xuemei , Chen Liwen , Zhang Guangxin , Wu Yanfeng , Yang Xu , Yang Jingshuang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lake eutrophication, exacerbated by high-intensity anthropogenic forcing, is a critical environmental problem that threatens water ecological security and the sustainable development of fisheries. Accurate evaluation of lake eutrophication is a prerequisite and basis for effective water environment management. In this study, Chagan Lake, surrounded by agricultural areas with irrigation discharge as the primary water source, was selected as the study area. The weight coefficient of the comprehensive eutrophication index was modified according to the characteristics of the lake. Based on the long-series multi-source data, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the modified weighting coefficient of lake eutrophication and the influence of human factors were analyzed. The results showed that 1) the average eutrophication level of Chagan Lake was eutrophic (TLI=58.31), among which the nutrient level was higher in summer, reaching Hyper eutrophic (TLI=61.49); 2) the eutrophication level in the lake area was influenced by irrigation discharge of the new saline irrigation area, and the trend of eutrophication increased from eastern to western; 3) the maximum pollution footprint affecting the lake reached 34.7 km2 , with a maximum buffer zone radius of 1 km; 4) the GDP of primary industry, total sown area, and rice field area were the main anthropogenic factors leading to the eutrophication of the lake, with contribution rates of 26.41%, 71.34%, and 2.55%, respectively. Multi-dimensional management strategies in terms of maximum pollution footprint, buffer zone radius, and contribution of anthropogenic factors were provided to improve the lake's water quality. All the views can provide scientific support for the water environment management of Chagan Lake and guide the formulation of similar "one lake, one policy" policies.
System Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Urban Rainstorm-induced Flood - Water Pollution Disasters
Authors: Huang Shanqing , Wang Huimin , Liu Gaofeng , Huang Jing , Zhu Jindi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Urban flood disaster itself brings casualties and property losses, and may induce secondary derivative disasters that can lead to more serious damage. The rainstorm-induced flood - water pollution disasters studied in the paper is a kind of systematic risk. On the basis of determining the flood risk level by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the conditional probability in Bayesian theory is applied to explore and calculate the possibility of flood-induced water environment pollution, then the improved grid environmental risk evaluation method is used to evaluate the flood-induced water pollution risk, and the coupled superposition relationship of flood and water pollution risk is inscribed by constructing risk level matrix, finally the system comprehensive risk of rainstorm-induced flood - water pollution disasters is obtained. Shenzhen City is selected as the study area, and the results showed that the area with high-risk of both flood and water pollution only accounts for about 1.86% of the total area, mainly distributed in the eastern junction of Longgang district and Pingshan district, where the flood risk level is high and the enterprise risk sources are dense. The method proposed in this study can be used for the system comprehensive risk analysis of rainstorm-induced flood - water pollution disasters, which can not only quantitatively reveal the formation of the induced risk, but also provide reference for early warning.
A cleaner snow future mitigates Northern Hemisphere snowpack loss from warming
Authors: Hao Dalei , Bisht Gautam , Wang Hailong , Xu Donghui , Huang Huilin , Qian Yun , Leung L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Light-absorbing particles (LAP) such as black carbon and dust deposited on seasonal snowpack can result in snow darkening, earlier snowmelt, and regional climate change. However, the future deposition and surface radiative forcing of LAP in snow and their contributions to snowpack change remain unclear. Here, using Earth System Model simulations, we show significant reduction in black carbon deposition in the future. The reduced deposition decreases the December-May average LAP-induced radiative forcing in snow over the Northern Hemisphere from 1.3 W m-2 during 1995-2014 to 0.65 W m-2 and 0.49 W m-2 by 2081-2100 under the SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. The reduced black carbon contamination in snow over the Tibetan Plateau will alleviate future snowpack loss due to climate change by 52.1±8.0% and 8.0±1.1% for the two scenarios. Our findings highlight a cleaner snow future and its benefits for future water availability from snowmelt.