bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“An Inescapable Failure”
Authors: Jayasuriya Katy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Little Prince (1974) is a film musical adaptation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s novella of the same name (1943). It was directed by Stanley Donen (Singin’ in the Rain, 1952; Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, 1954; Funny Face, 1957) with a script and score by renowned Broadway and Hollywood collaborators Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (Brigadoon, 1947; My Fair Lady, 1956; Camelot, 1960). Since its release, the film musical has sunk into obscurity, never listed among the canon of works attributed to the key figures involved, and largely neglected by film and music scholars. A study of its production history, however, reveals that while it may have been a critical and commercial failure, it is still an important film worthy of attention. The Little Prince represents a genre in crisis: an internal struggle between Golden Age values and the kind of cinematic realism that was driving the Hollywood industry at the time of its release.
From Snow White to the Snow Queen
Authors: Montgomery Colleen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Disney Princess film is among Walt Disney Animation Studios’ most iconic, popular, and profitable media properties. While the studio’s production of princess films has fluctuated since the late 1930s, the animated singing princess has become largely synonymous with the Disney brand. As texts centered on and historically marketed to young girls, Disney Princess films also figure heavily in popular and academic debates over the representation of women, gender, and femininity in Disney animation. By contrast, relatively little work attends to the critical role the voice plays within the gendered representational economies of the Disney Princess film. To extend and deepen extant understandings of these gendered dynamics, this chapter begins by tracing the history of female vocality in Disney Princess films of the 1930s to the late 2000s. The study then turns to a close analysis of the relationship between the voice, identity, agency, and female (inter) subjectivity in two recent iterations of the Disney Princess film: Brave and Frozen.
The Virtuosic Camera
Authors: Lewis Hannah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When La La Land premiered in 2016, critics praised the film for “mak[ing] musicals matter again” and predicted it would usher in a resurgence of the genre. It is a love letter to the art form, paying nostalgic homage to such classics as Singin’ in the Rain, West Side Story, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, and the Astaire-Rogers films of the 1930s. In interviews, director Damien Chazelle and composer Justin Hurwitz have pointed out the many references in La La Land’s music, narrative, sets, costumes, and cinematic style to specific Hollywood films from the “Golden Age” of the 1930s to 1950s. Yet, there is something fundamentally different about the musical numbers in these films from those in the earlier films that they attempt to emulate, particularly regarding the films’ audiovisual syntax and their relationship between technology and performing onscreen bodies. This essay interrogates the aesthetic and cultural implications of the contemporary film musical’s audiovisual style, which began in 2001 with the release of Moulin Rouge! and crystallized in the second decade of the twenty-first century.
The Auteur as Ghost Star
Authors: Knapp Raymond 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter interprets director Vincente Minnelli as a different kind of costar for Judy Garland, one who was as given to camp as Mickey Rooney, but who turned that dimension into a kind of loving, liberating frame in their six filmic collaborations across the 1940s: Babes on Broadway (1941; “ghost theater” sequence), Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), The Clock (1945), Ziegfeld Follies (1946), Till the Clouds Roll By (1947; “Look for the Silver Lining” and “Who”), and The Pirate (1948). In part, Minnelli freed Garland from not only Busby Berkeley’s frame-breaking style of camp, but also from song itself, as her performances in the middle films from this series aim increasingly for a kind of actorly realism. Notably, however, this more actorly element is itself framed by an overarching camp sensibility, emerging directly out of camp in their first collaboration and never quite escaping its gravitational pull, as camp reasserts itself with a vengeance in their final collaboration. Indeed, this reassertion of a strong, self-aware camp sensibility makes this film crucial to Minnelli’s status as an auteur.
Introduction
Authors: Walter Maggie , Kukutai Tahu , Henry Robert , Gonzales Angela A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter sets out the rationale for the Handbook. Included are explanations of the central premise of Indigenous lifeworlds, how this concept is sociologically applied across the separate chapters, and the Handbook’s organizing structure. The chapter also includes a critique of how Indigenous Peoples are seen, understood, and represented within the discipline, leading in turn to the identification of sociology’s irreconcilable flaw: a studied and deeply embedded blind spot to colonization and colonialism. This critique leads the editors to question the validity of what sociology offers in the study of societies. This question has direct relevance to Anglo-colonized nations—Australia, Canada, the United States, and Aotearoa New Zealand—but also has global salience. Over the last 500 years, most modern nation-states have been either the perpetrators (and beneficiaries) or sites of colonization (or both). Yet the omission from most national narratives of their past and continuing benefitting from the dispossession of Indigenous Peoples is reproduced within the discipline’s studied blindness to colonization as the genesis and ongoing foundation of the structure and function of society. Any discipline whose approach is based on a societal delusion, the authors argue, especially one where the justification for its very existence is the scientific observation and explanation of that same society, might not be worthy of the title.
Discreet Diversification in Latin America
Authors: Acosta Raúl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In contrast to the various hubs where superdiversity is commonly studied, Latin America experiences a discreet form of diversification. This is due partly the subcontinent’s slower globalization speed, but also, crucially, to the resistance to acknowledging such processes by locals and migrants. Such disinclination to openly accept an increasing number of outsiders and their influence can be historically linked to a regional preference for mestizaje and indigenismo as ways of addressing national identities. Both concepts have helped maintain power structures that include unspoken hierarchies along ideas of ethnicity and race. Difference is preferably not talked about but performed because people are expected to know their place in society and act accordingly. Outsiders thus enact their belonging and take a place in the existing hierarchies according to the circumstances of their arrival, their individual characteristics, and/or their personal preferences. In all cases, sympathies, empathies, and antipathies end up shaping social relations into what are here termed “bubble interactions.” In such a fragmented context, studies using superdiversity as an analytic approach may yield interesting results, but they will first need to break through the various efforts to hide diversification processes.
Peace in Ancient Greece
Authors: Roberts Jennifer T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Once associated with Homeric heroes, military valor came in the more egalitarian world of the classical period to be the defining excellence of masculinity in all social classes. Athenian oratory consistently played down any defeats, fostering an unduly optimistic assessment of Athens’ chances in war, and Spartan social organization was geared entirely to war. At the same time, however, the quarreling among Athens, Sparta, and other city-states that reached its apex in the ruinous Peloponnesian War so amply documented by Thucydides made clear to the Greeks the need for peace within the Greek world, and the fourth century was marked by repeated attempts at arbitration and efforts to establish koine eirene, a Common Peace.
The Idea of Peace during the European “Middle Ages”
Authors: Lowe Ben 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter will examine the trajectory of peace discourse throughout the European Middle Ages, beginning with the classical and Christian heritage through to the mid-fifteenth century, when wars had become endemic among some emerging European nation-states. Pacifism has usually been associated conceptually with modern political activism and social movements, but peace ideas were clearly having an impact much earlier. Initially mediated through the church, peace was originally understood more in spiritual terms or as an objective attainable only in heaven. The proliferation of just-war theories and various laws of war and arms in the central Middle Ages, intended to mitigate large-scale violence, paved the way for more practical arguments in the later Middle Ages when an incipient military revolution exacerbated the harmful effects of war on civilians and economies. Several late medieval religious movements offered a prophetic voice recalling early church and biblical imperatives enjoining Christians to work toward peace on earth, believing for the first time that this might be achievable.
Beyond Justice
Authors: Viehoff Juri 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most discussions in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics concern the avoidance of individual wrongs like discrimination, the violation of privacy, or algorithmic unfairness. Focusing instead on the collective good of community, this chapter assesses how AI will shape our ability to realize this value in contemporary polities. After characterizing the good of community and defining its societal prerequisites, I assess how AI advances will likely shape it in the future. I sketch some positive effects that AI could have: by providing us with unprecedented powers to control the social world, we could, in principle avoid many currently prevailing community-undermining phenomena. Then I contrast this hopeful vision with AI’s challenges. The chapter documents how its implementation has threatened community in existing, imperfect polities through entrenchment and dispersal and how it has contributed to anti-community pathologies and decommunitarization. Next I look at possible structural long-term shifts and their impact on democratic community, namely “datafication,” “automation” and a “disappearing public sphere.” Each of these phenomena challenge our ability to realize the ideal in rapidly transforming circumstances. Finally, I summarize the argument and points to some policies to both mitigate AI’s threats and harness its possibilities. For some challenges, received policy instruments may be sufficient. But for the most significant ones, democratic polities need to develop and implement genuinely new forms of collective political action to control where and how AI is implemented.
Women’s and Gender Studies in Africa
Authors: Musisi Nakanyike B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The lives of women and men in Africa historically attracted the attention of observers and were documented by some early travelers, merchants, missionaries, amateur anthropologists, and colonialists. But systematic women’s and gender studies is a late 20th-century phenomenon. By reviewing and situating women’s and gender studies in Africa within shifts in the social sciences and humanities, this chapter seeks to answer five broad questions. First, under what conditions did African women’s and gender studies emerge on the African continent? Second, what is its historiography? Third, what key suppositions have underlain its methodological and theoretical approaches to defending specific epistemic positions? Fourth, what have the relationships between its knowledge producers and gender-based activism been? And lastly, what has its significance been? It is argued that in nearly five decades of existence, women’s and gender scholarship has had a far-reaching impact on several social science and humanities disciplines.
Assimilation in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Fouka Vasiliki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter summarizes insights from work on assimilation in historical political economy. To organize the findings, the chapter provides a theoretical framework in which assimilation is the result of interdependent decisions made by members of a minority group and by members of a majority group or the state that represents it. Material and psychological considerations both may affect these decisions. The framework can help explain when assimilation is more likely, when assimilation policies may succeed, and when minority backlash may ensue. Empirical evidence from various historical contexts confirms these predictions and provides additional support for the assumptions underlying the theoretical framework.
Sermons
Authors: Weinbrot Howard D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twenty-eight of Johnson’s sermons, written for others between 1745 and 1777, survive; they relate divine guidance to desired human actions. Divinity offers wisdom to individuals in the daily world, the better to help them prepare for the next world. Johnson developed a distinctive voice in his sermons in order to stress such interchange between the human and the divine, the preacher and his hearer or reader, both in his religious and familiar moral works. Johnson develops an evidence-based theology in his sermons, and in these major works of moral art, faith, obedience, and repentance are the well-paved roads to salvation.
Biography
Authors: Seager Nicholas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter surveys Samuel Johnson’s career as a biographer, exploring tensions between the ideals of life-writing he propounded in essays and conversations and his evolving practice from the 1730s to the 1780s. The chapter outlines three phases in Johnson’s development as a biographer. First, it shows how his increasingly complex moral treatment of subjects in his earliest biographies challenged extant models of writing lives either to be imitated or censured. Second, it turns to his middle years to explore the conjunctions and divergences between Johnson’s influential theories of biography and his comparatively underwhelming output. Finally, it interprets the career-topping Lives of the Poets (1779–81) as to some extent an enactment of Johnson’s precepts for life-writing and to some extent an acknowledgment that his ideals needed to be modified to reconcile compassion with rigor.
Prime
Authors: Bundock Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter surveys the life and work of Samuel Johnson from his arrival in London in 1737 to his receipt of a pension in 1762. These were Johnson’s most productive years during which he published his major poems, the Rambler and Adventurer periodical essays, the Dictionary and Rasselas, as well as much miscellaneous journalism. Johnson’s domestic life changed fundamentally with the death of his wife Elizabeth in 1752. From that time onward, his household-family always included a number of dependants: of particular importance were Anna Williams, Francis Barber, and Robert Levet. Outside the home Johnson’s social circle grew with the formation of the Ivy Lane club and the development of a number of significant friendships: among those whom Johnson came to know were John Hawkins, Arthur Murphy, Robert Chambers, Bennet Langton, Joshua Reynolds, and Thomas Percy.
Women
Authors: Grundy Isobel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Johnson’s views of women have been much contested. In throwaway remarks recorded by Boswell, he sounds misogynist, but his actions and his writings argue the contrary. He seldom forgot that half the human race is female: he mentored younger and beginning writers and invented moral examples without regard to gender except for recognizing and trying to enter into the particular dilemma of belonging to the second sex.
Suffering
Authors: Rounce Adam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the various ways in which the concept of suffering occurs in Johnson’s writing and thought. It considers the two principles uses of the verb, whereby suffering is either something that happens or is allowed to happen, and relates these to different examples, from the characters and ideas of Rasselas, Johnson’s writings on art and literature (including the annotations to Shakespeare, the “Lives” of Waller, Addison, Savage, and Pope) and his periodical essays. The argument demonstrates how the impossibility of understanding suffering in a providential world (and yet the necessity of striving to do so), results in Johnson’s trenchant and coruscating criticisms of the facile views of suffering displayed in Pope’s Essay on Man, and Jenyns’s inquiry on the nature of evil; the rejection of complacency stresses the importance of understanding suffering in Johnson’s work and life.
Happiness
Authors: Norton Brian Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter is a comprehensive study of Samuel Johnson’s ideas of happiness. It argues that what Johnson demonstrates is not that earthly happiness is impossible, but that it is subject to conditions we would be unwise to ignore. In place of perfect happiness, Johnson offers a tempered happiness, one that will always be a work in progress and vulnerable to loss. But rather than viewing the endlessness of desire and the fragility of the good simply as obstacles to happiness, this chapter argues further, Johnson’s larger point is that there would be no happiness (as we know it) without these human realities. In scaling back our estimation of happiness, he challenges us to come to terms with happiness as it is, not as we’d like it to be, and to ask no more from life than life can allow.
Asian Americans in the Novel of Late Capitalism
Authors: Wu Cynthia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights the function of Asian American and Asian transnational model minority characters in two novels from the late twentieth century to the early twenty-first, Samuel R. Delany’s The Mad Man (1994) and Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asians (2013). In a late capitalist economy, Asian Americans who are intellectually and/or financially well resourced are defined by their excess and portrayed with prose that exaggerates these endowments to the level of hyperbole. The fictional worlds these characters inhabit may appear post-racial; however, these novels also show that model minority characters never completely escape their racialization or colonial subject status.
Leonhard Miksch
Authors: Ptak Ralf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As Eucken’s most important student, Miksch belonged to the closest circle of the founding generation of Ordoliberals. With his work ‘Competition as a Task’ from 1937, he decisively founded the Ordoliberal competition theory of an organised market economy. His main activity, however, was in the field of economic journalism, which he continued as a dedicated nationalist during the Nazi era. Thus, within the framework of the idea of a German large-scale economy, he always demanded that market economy and competition criteria be taken into account. After 1945, he was the only Ordoliberal to become a social democrat and, as Ludwig Erhard’s right-hand man, played a decisive role in shaping the double reform of 1948 (currency reform and the so-called Leitsätzegesetz). In the process, Miksch demonstrated a feel for the social tensions of the post-war period and came into conflict with Erhard.
Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Dinnin Alec 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter attends to one of the primary Ordoliberal references on mass society, the Spanish liberal philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955). While foundational Ordoliberal thinkers often invoke The Revolt of the Masses, their diagnoses and prescriptions regarding mass society diverge significantly from Ortega’s. Specifically, whereas Ordoliberals focus on structural processes that render individuals desperate and dependent, Ortega sees these same processes as producing a sense of self-sufficiency and omnipotence. Both, however, perceive mass society as a profound danger for liberalism and civilisation writ large. After examining how Wilhelm Röpke deploys The Revolt of the Masses in his own account of mass society, the chapter examines Ortega’s diagnosis of mass revolt before reconstructing how he believed it could be overcome. Despite borrowing elements from Ortega’s theory of mass society, it is unclear whether Ordoliberals offered a solution to the cultural problems he outlined.
Economic Constitution and the State
Authors: Tuori Klaus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The role of the state in the Ordoliberal economic constitution lies at the heart of Ordoliberalism and constitutes a key difference between the theory of Ordoliberalism and other forms of liberalism. The state imposes the constitutional framework on the economy; it does not arise as natural law, but through conscious and scientific planning. The state and the economic constitution have a more multifaceted and complex relationship than first meets the eye. This is revealed through the various definitions of state, its functions, the role of independent agencies, the relationship between the economic constitution and (mass) democracy and the discussion on authoritarian liberalism. The definition of the state within the Ordoliberal economic constitution uses the concept of a strong state, which refers to a limited state that is able resist interest groups and maintain the liberal society.
A further aspect is what kind of a state is demanded or even created by the economic constitution; the economic constitution can be created by the state but arguably also that the state can be defined and even created by the economic constitution. From this perspective, economic liberties and the functioning of competition could be presented as a key legitimation for the state.
The Strong State and ‘The Taming of Freedom’
Authors: Havertz Ralf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the Ordoliberal strong state and its theoretical conception as a precondition of free economy. It gives a brief account of the classical Ordoliberal notion of free economy with its focus on ‘complete competition’ and the establishment of an economic order. This is followed by an analysis of the Ordoliberal argument for the strong state, which reflects on the position of the state vis-à-vis the economy. It examines the Ordoliberals’ critique of mass democracy and their call for ‘a dictatorship within the boundaries of democracy’ and shows that there is a communality between this argument and Carl Schmitt’s concept of the political. This chapter, furthermore, assesses the connection between Ordoliberal governmentality and the depoliticisation of society which is focused on the generation of self-responsible entrepreneurs. It concludes with considerations about the authoritarian elements in Ordoliberal thought.
Myth, Religion and Social Market Economy
Authors: Manow Philip 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the religious underpinnings of Ordoliberalism. It argues that its historical origins and ideological profile must be understood against the background of Germany’s religious cleavage between a once dominant Protestant state elite and rising political Catholicism, both in the form of the Catholic centre party with its central role in the Weimar Republic, and in the form of the Catholic worker movement. This conflict became particularly visible in the political struggles over social legislation, which extended into the early Federal Republic. In contrast to many accounts, this chapter argues that Ordoliberalism ultimately failed as a political project, and was largely unsuccessful in shaping Germany’s economic post-war order. Its continued relevance is largely ideological as the founding myth of the German post-war social market economy.