bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile phones, off‐farm employment and household income in rural India
Authors: Rajkhowa Pallavi , Qaim Matin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRural households in developing countries often depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, many also pursue off‐farm economic activities either to complement their farm income or because they lack access to agricultural land. Rural off‐farm employment is often informal and temporary. Searching for jobs can be associated with high transaction costs, which may be a constraint on some households’ participation in off‐farm employment. The increasing spread of mobile phones may help to reduce these transaction costs. Here, we test the hypothesis that mobile phone ownership increases rural households’ participation in off‐farm employment and—through this mechanism—also improves household income. We use nationally representative panel data from rural India and regression models with household fixed effects to control for confounding factors and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that mobile phone ownership is positively associated with the likelihood of participating in various types of off‐farm employment, including casual wage labour, salaried employment and non‐agricultural self‐employment. This association is larger in female‐headed than in male‐headed households. The estimates also show that mobile phone ownership is positively associated with household income, partly channelled through the off‐farm employment mechanism.
Electrolyte profiles with induced hypothermia: A sub study of a clinical trial evaluating the duration of hypothermia after cardiac arrest
Authors: Kirkegaard Hans , Grejs Anders M. , Gudbjerg Simon , Duez Christophe , Jeppesen Anni , Hassager Christian , Laitio Timo , Storm Christian , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Skrifvars Markus B. , Søreide Eldar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrolyte disturbances can result from targeted temperature treatment (TTM) in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. This study explores electrolyte changes in blood and urine in OHCA patients treated with TTM.MethodsThis is a sub‐study of the TTH48 trial, with the inclusion of 310 unconscious OHCA patients treated with TTM at 33°C for 24 or 48 h. Over a three‐day period, serum concentrations were obtained on sodium potassium, chloride, ionized calcium, magnesium and phosphate, as were results from a 24‐h diuresis and urine electrolyte concentration and excretion. Changes over time were analysed with a mixed‐model multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measurements.ResultsOn admission, mean ± SD sodium concentration was 138 ± 3.5 mmol/l, which increased slightly but significantly (p < .05) during the first 24 h. Magnesium concentration stayed within the reference interval. Median ionized calcium concentration increased from 1.11 (IQR 1.1–1.2) mmol/l during the first 24 h (p < .05), whereas median phosphate concentration dropped to 1.02 (IQR 0.8–1.2) mmol/l (p < .05) and stayed low. During rewarming, potassium concentrations increased, and magnesium and ionizes calcium concentration decreased (p < .05). Median 24‐h diuresis results on days one and two were 2198 and 2048 ml respectively, and the electrolyte excretion mostly stayed low in the reference interval.ConclusionsElectrolytes mostly remained within the reference interval. A temporal change occurred in potassium, magnesium and calcium concentrations with TTM’s different phases. No hypothermia effect on diuresis was detected, and urine excretion of electrolytes mostly stayed low.
Improved 60‐day survival but impaired general health in Swedish ICU‐COVID patients: An ambidirectional population‐based study
Authors: Forsberg Gustaf , Berg Sören , Divanoglou Anestis , Levi Richard , Ekqvist David , Östholm Balkhed Åse , Niward Katarina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvival among critically ill COVID‐19 patients varies between countries and time periods. Mortality rates up to 60% have been reported in intensive care units (ICUs). Standard‐of‐care has evolved throughout the pandemic. The purpose of the study was to explore management and mortality of COVID‐19 ICU‐patients during the first pandemic wave and assess their post‐ICU health status.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory observational ambidirectional population‐based study of ICU‐patients with COVID‐19 in a Swedish county during 1 March‐30 June 2020. Primary outcome was 60‐day mortality with secondary outcomes including treatments, complications, self‐reported general health and dyspnoea post‐discharge. Patients were consecutively divided into equal tertiles with cut‐offs on April 4 and April 20, 2020, to analyse time trends.ResultsOne hundred patients, median age was 63 years, were included, and 60‐day mortality rate was 22%. Ninety‐one percent had moderate/severe ARDS and 88% required mechanical ventilation. In the first tertile of patients 60‐day mortality was 33%, declining to 15% and 18% in the following two. This reduction paralleled increased use of thromboprophylaxis, less steep rise of treated ICU‐patients per day and expanded ICU resources. Four months post‐discharge, 63% of survivors reported self‐assessed decline in general health retrospectively compared to prior COVID‐19.ConclusionsIn this cohort, the initial 60‐day mortality quickly declined, despite continuous admittance of critically ill patients. This was parallel to adaptation to increased workload and more intense thromboembolic prophylaxis. A majority of survivors reported declined general health four months after discharge. Further studies on long‐term health status of ICU‐survivors are indicated.
Calcium hydroxide and niobium pentoxide treatment effects before MTA placement
Authors: Sankeerthana Kolli , Karthikeyan Kittappa , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) and niobium pentoxide (NP) pretreatment on pH, dentin microhardness and sealing of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA; Angelus). The pH of CH, NP and CH–NP (3:1) was evaluated in neutral and acidic simulated tissue fluid over 28 days. The Vickers microhardness was measured in forty 4 mm coronal root slices filled with pretreatment materials stored in medium for 1, 7, 28 days. Forty 10 mm roots were packed with pretreatment materials, irrigated after 24 h, then a 3 mm MTA plug was placed. Sealing ability was evaluated after 7 days using fluid filtration method. Statistics was performed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests. Addition of NP to CH maintained the alkalinity of CH, increased the microhardness of root dentin and reduced the microleakage. CH–NP can be effectively used as a pretreatment medicament in root canals requiring placement of MTA under acidic conditions.
Syndromic male subfertility: A network view of genome–phenome associations
Authors: Mikec Špela , Kolenc Živa , Peterlin Borut , Horvat Simon , Pogorevc Neža , Kunej Tanja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMale infertility is a disorder of the reproductive system with a highly complex genetic landscape. In most cases, the reason for male infertility remains unknown; however, the importance of genetic abnormalities in the diagnosis of subfertility/infertility is becoming increasingly recognized. Several syndromes include impaired male fertility in the clinical picture, although a comprehensive analysis of genetic causes of the syndromology perspective of male reproduction is not yet available.Objectives(1) To develop a catalog of syndromes and corresponding genes associated with impaired male fertility and (2) to visualize an up‐to‐date genome–phenome network of syndromic male subfertility.Materials and methodsPublished literature was retrieved from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Orphanet, Human Phenotype Ontology and PubMed databases using keywords “male infertility,” “syndrome,” “gene,” and “case report”; time period from 1980 to September, 2021. Retrieved data were organized as a catalog and complemented with identification numbers of syndromes (MIM ID) and genes (Gene ID). The genome–phenome network and the phenome network were visualized using Cytoscape and Gephi software platforms. Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed using STRING tool.ResultsRetrieved syndromes were presented as (1) a catalog containing 63 syndromes and 93 associated genes, (2) a genome–phenome network including CHD7 and WT1 genes and Noonan and Kartagener syndromes, and (3) a phenome network including 63 syndromes, and 25 categories of clinical features.DiscussionThe developed catalog will contribute to the advances and translational impact toward understanding the factors of syndromic male infertility. Visualized networks provide simple, flexible tools for clinicians and researchers to quickly generate hypotheses and gain a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms affecting male reproduction.ConclusionRecognition of the significance of genome–phenome visualization as part of network medicine can help expedite efforts toward unravelling molecular mechanisms and enable advances personal/precision medicine of male reproduction and other complex traits.
Thrombus formation at the inflow cannula of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices—A systematic analysis
Authors: Kaufmann Friedrich , Hörmandinger Christoph , Knosalla Christoph , Falk Volkmar , Potapov Evgenij 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite numerous design iterations, thrombus formation at the inflow cannula of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices remains an unsolved problem. We systematically investigated the impact of cannula surface on thrombus formation.MethodsThrombus appearance was photographically documented in 177 explanted hearts with the polished (N = 46) or sintered (N = 131) inflow cannula of the Medtronic HeartWare™ HVAD™ System. Thrombus load was compared for both inflow cannula types. Mean thrombus length was correlated with protruding cannula length. Support duration and the extent of thrombus growth were examined. The prevalence of thrombi at the left ventricular entry site and at the sintered‐to‐polished transition zone was correlated with left ventricular geometry and hemodynamic parameters.ResultsPolished inflow cannulas showed a greater percentage and also a greater mean length of thrombus formation at the entry site than sintered cannulas (91.3% [Pol] vs. 36.7% [sTi]; p < 0.0001; mean 7.6 mm vs. 1.9 mm; p < 0.0001). A comparison of the early postoperative period (POD1‐90) with long‐term support (POD>90) showed an increase in thrombus length originating from the transition zone (1.96 ± 3.41 mm vs. 3.03 ± 2.91 mm; p = 0.013).ConclusionsA sintered titanium surface at the entry site is crucial to enable anchoring of myocardial tissue to the cannula. As thrombus growth progresses on polished surfaces, a greater sintered length seems to be beneficial. After an initial three‐month healing period, thrombus load appears to decline during prolonged support duration at the sintered entry site but not at the transition zone.
Leveraging a Surrogate Outcome to Improve Inference on a Partially Missing Target Outcome
Authors: McCaw Zachary R. , Gaynor Sheila M. , Sun Ryan , Lin Xihong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sample sizes vary substantially across tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, where considerably fewer samples are available from certain inaccessible tissues, such as the substantia nigra (SSN), than from accessible tissues, such as blood. This severely limits power for identifying tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in undersampled tissues. Here we propose Surrogate Phenotype Regression Analysis (Spray) for leveraging information from a correlated surrogate outcome (eg, expression in blood) to improve inference on a partially missing target outcome (eg, expression in SSN). Rather than regarding the surrogate outcome as a proxy for the target outcome, Spray jointly models the target and surrogate outcomes within a bivariate regression framework. Unobserved values of either outcome are treated as missing data. We describe and implement an expectation conditional maximization algorithm for performing estimation in the presence of bilateral outcome missingness. Spray estimates the same association parameter estimated by standard eQTL mapping and controls the type I error even when the target and surrogate outcomes are truly uncorrelated. We demonstrate analytically and empirically, using simulations and GTEx data, that in comparison with marginally modeling the target outcome, jointly modeling the target and surrogate outcomes increases estimation precision and improves power.
The persistence and evolutionary consequences of vestigial behaviours
Authors: Rayner Jack G. , Sturiale Samantha L. , Bailey Nathan W. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBehavioural traits are often noted to persist after relaxation or removal of associated selection pressure, whereas it has been observed that morphological traits under similar conditions appear to decay more rapidly. Despite this, persistent non‐adaptive, ‘vestigial’ behavioural variation has received little research scrutiny. Here we review published examples of vestigial behavioural traits, highlighting their surprising prevalence, and argue that their further study can reveal insights about the widely debated role of behaviour in evolution. Some vestigial behaviours incur fitness costs, so may act as a drag on adaptive evolution when that adaptation occurs via trait loss or reversal. In other cases, vestigial behaviours can contribute to future evolutionary trajectories, for example by preserving genetic and phenotypic variation which is later co‐opted by selection during adaptive evolution or diversification, or through re‐emergence after ancestral selection pressures are restored. We explore why vestigial behaviours appear prone to persistence. Behavioural lag may be a general phenomenon arising from relatively high levels of non‐genetic variation in behavioural expression, and pleiotropic constraint. Long‐term persistence of non‐adaptive behavioural traits could also result when their expression is associated with morphological features which might be more rapidly lost or reduced. We propose that vestigial behaviours could provide a substrate for co‐option by novel selective forces, and advocate further study of the fate of behavioural traits following relaxed and reversed selection. Vestigial behaviours have been relatively well studied in the context of antipredator behaviours, but they are far from restricted to this ecological context, and so deserve broader consideration. They also have practical importance, with mixed evidence, for example, as to whether predator/parasite‐avoidance behaviours are rapidly lost in wildlife refuges and captivity. We identify important areas for future research to help determine whether vestigial behaviours essentially represent a form of evolutionary lag, or whether they have more meaningful evolutionary consequences distinct from those of other vestigial and behavioural traits.
Administrative data linkage in Canada: Implications for sociological research
Authors: Yoshida Yoko , Haan Michael , Schaffer Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores some of the implications that administrative data, defined as data initially collected for purposes other than research, will have for Sociology. Although administrative data are “found” rather than “made” and, in turn, pose several challenges, we argue that the potential of these data warrant the investment, and may lead to a new methodological imagination that can shed a light on time‐tested concepts and advance our understanding of society. We show that it is already possible to advance several sociological debates through the use of administrative data and demonstrate the potential of these data through some examples drawn from classical sociological theory. We conclude by arguing that administrative data's potential will likely ensure that it becomes an important component of sociological research agendas in the coming years.
Transforming an Adjacency Graph into Dimensioned Floorplan Layouts
Authors: Bisht Sumit , Shekhawat Krishnendra , Upasani Nitant , Jain Rahil N. , Tiwaskar Riddhesh Jayesh , Hebbar Chinmay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent times, researchers have proposed several approaches for building floorplans using parametric/generative design, shape grammars, machine learning, AI,etc. This paper aims to demonstrate a mathematical approach for the automated generation of floorplan layouts. Mathematical formulations warrant the fulfilment of all input user constraints, unlike the learning‐based methods present in the literature. Moreover, the algorithms illustrated in this paper are robust, scalable and highly efficient, generating thousands of floorplans in a few milliseconds.We present G2PLAN, a software based on graph‐theoretic and linear optimization techniques, that generates all topologically distinct floorplans with different boundary rooms in linear time for given adjacency and dimensional constraints. G2PLAN builds on the work of GPLAN and offers solutions to a wider range of adjacency relations (one‐connected, non‐triangulated graphs) and better dimensioning customizability. It also generates a catalogue of dimensionless as well as dimensioned floorplans satisfying user requirements.
Ridge preservation in molar sites comparing xenograft versus mineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abellán Desire , Barallat Lucía , Vilarrasa Javi , Cabezas Manuel , Pascual La Rocca Andrés , Valles Cristina , Nart José 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the study was to compare the dimensional ridge changes and the histological composition after the use of an allograft or xenograft and a resorbable membrane in ridge preservation in molar sites and to evaluate the influence of bone plate thickness on dimensional changes and the need of lateral sinus augmentation following ridge preservation.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four patients in need of maxillary or mandibular first or second molar extraction and subsequent implant placement were included and randomly assigned to a group; allograft or xenograft, plus a collagen membrane. Cone‐beam computed tomographies were obtained after molar extraction and after 5 months. A bone sample was harvested at the time of implant placement and analyzed by histomorphometry.ResultsBone ridge was reduced significantly. Major changes in width occurred at 1 mm from the bone crest (−2.93 ± 2.28 mm) (p = .0002), while in height, the greatest reduction occurred at the buccal area (−1.97 ± 2.21 mm) (p = .0006). However, differences between groups were not significant. Thicker buccal bone plates exhibited less bone remodeling, while histologically, both biomaterials resulted in similar tissue composition. The resulting available bone height in the implant site measured 7.30 ± 3.53 mm initially and 6.8 ± 3.61 mm after 5 months which allowed implant placement without the need for lateral sinus augmentation in all cases. Still, 55% of the preserved areas needed transcrestal sinus lift.ConclusionRidge preservation in molar sites using a mineralized allograft or xenograft provides similar dimensional and histomorphometrical results after 5 months.
The relationship between colour harmony and colour emotions—using two‐colour combinations applied on 3D colour configuration
Authors: Lee Wen‐Yuan , Gong Shi‐Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth studies on colour emotion and colour harmony have been developed for many years. For designers, creating harmonious colour combinations that satisfy specific colour emotions has always been designers' pursuit. However, most of the studies used flat colour combinations and lacked the discussion of the influence of three‐dimensional (3D) colour configuration on colour emotions and harmony. This study used the two‐colour combinations applied to the 3D colour configuration to explore the relationship between colour emotions and colour harmony, intending to enhance designers' insights on the colour schemes. The multi‐dimensional scaling was used to obtain the perceptual map, giving an overview of the relationships among colour emotions, colour harmony, and colour scheme techniques. The results showed that the emotion scales of “warm–cool”, “soft–hard” and “heavy–light” are similar. The scales of “complex–simple”, “active–passive” and “warm–cool” can be used to predict colour harmony. The harmonious colour combinations come along with “simple”, “passive” and “warm” emotions.
A cyanine‐based dual‐modal probe for fluorimetric detection of mercury ion and colorimetric sensing of pH
Authors: Li Yanjie , Qi Youguo , Xu Zhenxiang , Song Yanxi , Li Hongqi , Zhang Jian , Tang Junjie , Zhou Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA fluorescent probe derived from cyanine‐rhodanine conjugate was developed for dual detection of mercury (Hg2+) ion and pH. Addition of Hg2+ ion to the weakly fluorescent probe solution in dimethyl sulphoxide/water (DMSO/H2O, 7:3, v/v) induced discernible colour change and fluorescence enhancement while other metal cations including Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ did not cause obvious change in colour and fluorescence emission. The detection limit of the probe toward Hg2+ ion is 1.61 × 10−7 M. The probe also exhibited remarkable pH‐responsive effect. It acts as a dual chromogenic and spectroscopic probe for determining different pH scales over a wide range of pH 1.0–14.0: bright yellow with maximum wavelength (λmax) 416 nm for pH 1.0–2.0, orange with λmax 470 nm for pH 3.0–9.0, and pale yellow with λmax below 400 nm for pH 10.0–14.0. Plausible sensing mechanisms of the probe toward Hg2+ ion and pH have been proposed.
The role of cytology in the investigation and management of pancreatobiliary lesions with a transition towards a standardised reporting system: An institutional perspective
Authors: Hanks Matthew , Ryder Stephen , Zaitoun Abed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPancreatobiliary pathology encompasses all benign and malignant disease within the pancreas and biliary tract; pancreatic cancer is currently the seventh leading cause of death worldwide accounting for approximately 466,000 deaths per annum. Cytology has been increasingly used in the physician's toolbox to provide an accurate, non‐invasive and cost‐effective modality for the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary lesions. The cytological appearance alone may be insufficient to establish the diagnosis and it is crucial for effective clinicopathological correlation in a multidisciplinary setting, highlighting the vital role of the pathologist to ensure effective and quality care. The advent of modern diagnostic techniques has allowed for a less invasive approach to tissue sampling which when combined with routine staining and specialised immunohistochemistry can help guide the diagnosis. The Papanicolaou classification is comparable to the current C1–C5 system which will enable standardised reporting to help improve communication with clinical colleagues and subsequent patient management, and our article discusses the criteria used by cytopathologists to determine the grade of both pancreatic and biliary lesions.