bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma sphingolipid abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Oizumi Hideki , Sugimura Yoko , Totsune Tomoko , Kawasaki Iori , Ohshiro Saki , Baba Toru , Kimpara Teiko , Sakuma Hiroaki , Hasegawa Takafumi , Kawahata Ichiro , Fukunaga Kohji , Takeda Atsushi 
Published: December 2022

Background
In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that several lipid metabolism abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is still unclear which lipid metabolism abnormalities play the most important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma lipid metabolomics (lipidomics) has been shown to be an unbiased method that can be used to explore lipid metabolism abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma lipidomics in neurodegenerative diseases has been performed only in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and comprehensive studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis.

Methods
In this study, we investigated plasma lipids using lipidomics in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls (CNs). Plasma lipidomics was evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in those with IPD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), AD, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and CNs.

Results
The results showed that (1) plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was significantly lower in all neurodegenerative disease groups (IPD, DLB, MSA, AD, and PSP) than in the CN group. (2) Plasma monohexylceramide (MonCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) were significantly higher in all neurodegenerative disease groups (IPD, DLB, MSA, AD, and PSP) than in the CN group. (3) Plasma MonCer levels were significantly positively correlated with plasma LacCer levels in all enrolled groups.

Conclusion
S1P, Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the main component of MonCer, and LacCer are sphingolipids that are biosynthesized from ceramide. Recent studies have suggested that elevated GlcCer and decreased S1P levels in neurons are related to neuronal cell death and that elevated LacCer levels induce neurodegeneration by neuroinflammation. In the present study, we found decreased plasma S1P levels and elevated plasma MonCer and LacCer levels in those with neurodegenerative diseases, which is a new finding indicating the importance of abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration.
Subsidized Crop Insurance under Limited Access to Incomplete Financial Markets
Authors: Voica Daniel C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Almost universally, crop insurance uptake has been very low in the absence of significant governmental subsidies. We proposed an explanation for the low uptake by analyzing farmers’ optimal behavior in the presence of subsidized crop insurance and incomplete financial markets. Under specific replication conditions, farmers’ valuation of crop insurance is lower than insurers’ valuation if farmers have access to fewer financial assets than insurers. A potential rationalization is that farmers and insurers have dissimilar price formation processes. Our model implies that subsidized crop insurance changes farmers’ production choices by altering both the relative returns across states of Nature and their risk choices. However, because of the separation between consumption and production decisions, farmers will use crop insurance in a manner consistent with profit maximization, independent of risk preferences.
Monetary Policy Normalization and Central Bank Profits: A Break-Even Point Perspective
Authors: Polański Zbigniew , Szadkowski Mikołaj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper advances a simple framework explaining how monetary policy normalization (“exit policies”) may impact central bank profits. The cases of seven central banks of major and smaller economies serve as an illustration. The notion of the break-even point is applied to study the financial situation of these institutions for the period of 2014–2021. During the normalization process, interest rate increases may adversely affect profit changes, and through transfers may have an impact on the fiscal space available to the governments, creating political economy concerns. Possible remedies are discussed together with accompanying policy dilemmas.
Synthesis of Na3Fe2(PO4)3 with NASICON-type structure from ferrous oxalate precursor in the presence of colloidal silicon dioxide
Authors: Teoharov Lubomir , Penev Plamen , Härmas Meelis , Jänes Alar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The widespread presence of sodium in the earth’s crust, the significant stability of its compounds and its great ecological recycling possibilities are all factors that lead researchers to new structures exhibiting ion migration of sodium and high electrochemical potential. The present research shows a new way for Na3Fe2(PO4)3 synthesis with Na Super Ion Conductor structure. The use of ferrous oxalate precursor Na3Fe(C2O4)3 changes the reaction pathway of the iron-phosphate system synthesis and leads to the formation of a structure that allows ion migration that enhances electrochemical charge storage properties. At best the measured capacity was 85 mAh g−1 over a voltage range of 4.2 V–1.5 V versus Na/Na+. It is shown that the presence of colloidal silicon dioxide helps the main phase crystallization, without entering its structure.
Understanding recurrent pregnancy loss: recent advances on its etiology, clinical diagnosis, and management
Authors: Cao Chunwei , Bai Shiyu , Zhang Jing , Sun Xiaoyue , Meng Anming , Chen Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has become an important reproductive health issue worldwide. RPL affects about 2%–3% of reproductive-aged women, and makes serious threats to women’s physical and mental health. However, the etiology of approximately 50% of RPL cases remains unknown (unexplained RPL), which poses a big challenge for clinical management of these patients. RPL has been widely regarded as a complex disease where its etiology has been attributed to numerous factors. Heretofore, various risk factors for RPL have been identified, such as maternal ages, genetic factors, anatomical structural abnormalities, endocrine dysfunction, prethrombotic state, immunological factors, and infection. More importantly, development and applications of next generation sequencing technology have significantly expanded opportunities to discover chromosomal aberrations and single gene variants responsible for RPL, which provides new insight into its pathogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, based upon patients’ diagnostic evaluation and etiologic diagnosis, specific therapeutic recommendations have been established. This review will highlight current understanding and recent advances on RPL, with a special focus on the immunological and genetic etiologies, clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management.
Research on computer 3D image encryption processing based on the nonlinear algorithm
Authors: Bian Longlong , Chen Jianwei , Soni Mukesh , Bhola Jyoti , Kumar Harish , Jawarneh Malik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article uses the nonlinear digital chaos theory algorithm to generate the corresponding encryption system initial parameters, by analysing the correlation degree of image elements from the angles of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal direction, in order to study computer three-dimensional (3D) image encryption processing. The correlation degree of the cypher text obtained by the nonlinear algorithm is weak in the image's adjacent pixels, and the adjacent pixels are not related at all, horizontal angle: 0.915989, vertical angle: 0.968184, diagonal angle: 0.913533. The nonlinear algorithm distributes the image's statistical features into the random cypher text. By applying permutations and replacements in 3D space, the proposed approach improves performance parameters and widens key space in comparison to previous image cryptography investigations. The important qualities of such a secure system are its simplicity and efficacy. Simulations and analysis show that the proposed method can produce a large key space while also surviving standard cipher attacks. Because of its powerful cryptographic properties, it is suited for image applications. The nonlinear algorithm has very high sensitivity to the secret key and plaintext, as well as better statistical performance, higher security, and higher efficiency in the operation of the algorithm.
Bending stiffness and moment capacity of cardboard obtained from three-point and elastica bending tests
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi , Yoshinobu Masahiro , Maruta Makoto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The bending properties of cardboard in the machine direction and cross direction were obtained via three-point bending and elastica bending tests using samples of various span lengths. The bending stiffness, moment at the proportional limit, and moment capacity per unit width were determined, and the effects of the testing method and span length were investigated. In the three-point bending test, the bending stiffness often decreased as the span length decreased because of the effect of the low interlaminar shear modulus of cardboard, and this tendency was more pronounced when the length direction of the sample coincided with the machine direction. Such dependence was less obvious in the moment at the proportional limit. In contrast, when the length coincided with the cross direction, the moment capacity of the cardboard often decreased as the span length increased because the large deflection prevented the accurate calculation of the moment capacity by using elementary beam theory. However, in the elastica bending test, both the bending stiffness and moment capacity could be obtained while reducing the effect of the span length. Therefore, to obtain the bending properties of cardboard, the elastica bending test was determined to be more advantageous than the three-point bending test.
The value of transcranial Doppler monitoring of cerebral blood flow changes during carotid endarterectomy performed under regional anesthesia – A case series
Authors: Gyöngyösi Zoltán , Farkas Orsolya , Papp Lóránd , Bodnár Fruzsina , Végh Tamás , Fülesdi Béla 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests no difference between patient outcomes when carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) are performed under general or regional anesthesia. However, for detecting the need for a shunt, general anesthesia has the drawback of monitoring needs in the intraoperative setting. In the present study, we attempted to perform intraoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring for CEAs performed under intermediate plexus block to describe cerebral hemodynamic changes during different phases of the procedure.

Patients and methods
Patients with unilateral hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis scheduled for elective CEAs were included. Ultrasound-guided intermediate plexus block was used for regional anesthesia. TCD monitoring of the middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity (MCAV) was performed throughout the procedure. MCAVs were offline analyzed during different phases of CEA: (1) resting state, before regional block, (2) after block, before incision, (3) before cross-clamp, (4) after cross-clamp, (5) 5 min after cross-clamp, (6) 10 min after cross-clamp, (7) after declamping, and (8) during the postoperative period (4–6 h).

Results
Shunt insertion based on the deterioration of neurological symptoms after cross-clamping was necessary for 11/66 patients (16.6%). In these symptomatic patients, the ipsilateral percent decrease of the MCAV was more than 70% in 8 out of 11 cases (72.7%). In asymptomatic patients, without shunt insertion, the average decrease of MCAV was less than 50%.

Conclusions
Neurological symptoms referring to cerebral ischemia may be superior to TCD monitoring of cerebral blood flow for detecting the necessity of a shunt. Regional anesthesia enables reliable, symptom-based monitoring of CEAs.
Preparation of Pickering emulsion stabilized by lauroyl lysine
Authors: Wang Yuling , Liu Yue , He Yijing , Huang Jian , Xu Hujun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of Nε-lauroyl lysine (LL) on stabilizing W/O Pickering emulsions was investigated, and the effect of crystallization temperature on the particle size of LL was explored. The Pickering emulsion was prepared with LL as particle emulsifier, and the effects of homogenization rate, emulsification temperature, particle concentration, oil-water volume ratio and other factors on the preparation of emulsion were discussed. The results showed that the LL particles were the smallest for a crystallization temperature of 30 °C with a size of (1.3 ± 0.2) µm. The oil-water-LL contact angle was 142.9° ± 1.6°, and the prepared emulsion was of W/O type. The most stable emulsions were obtained under the following conditions: homogenization rate = 11,000 r min−1, emulsification temperature = 20 °C, particle concentration = 2 wt%, oil-water volume ratio = 1:1. In addition, LL showed good tolerance to the aqueous phases with different pH values. The LL-stabilized emulsion system proved to be stable over the long term in the stand tests.
Changes in Neuromuscular Response Patterns After 4 Weeks of Leg Press Training During Isokinetic Leg Extensions
Authors: Salmon Owen F. , Housh Terry J. , Hill Ethan C. , Keller Joshua L. , Anders John Paul V. , Johnson Glen O. , Schmidt Richard J. , Smith Cory M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Salmon, OF, Housh, TJ, Hill, EC, Keller, JL, Anders, JPV, Johnson, GO, Schmidt, RJ, and Smith, CM. Changes in neuromuscular response patterns after 4 weeks of leg press training during isokinetic leg extensions. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The purpose of this study was to identify velocity-specific changes in electromyographic root mean square (EMG RMS), EMG frequency (EMG MPF), mechanomyographic RMS (MMG RMS), and MMG MPF during maximal unilateral isokinetic muscle actions performed at 60° and 240°·s−1 velocities within the right and left vastus lateralis (VL) after 4 weeks of dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) bilateral leg press training. Twelve resistance-trained men (age: mean ± SD = 21.4 ± 3.6 years) visited the laboratory 3d·wk−1 to perform resistance training consisting of 3 sets of 10 DCER leg presses. Four, three-way analysis of variance were performed to evaluate changes in neuromuscular responses (EMG RMS, EMG MPF, MMG RMS, and MMG MPF) from the right and left VL during 1 single-leg maximal isokinetic leg extension performed at 60° and 240°·s−1 before and after 4 weeks of DCER leg press training (p < 0.05). The results indicated a 36% increase in EMG RMS for the right leg, as well as a 23% increase in MMG RMS and 10% decrease in MMG MPF after training, collapsed across velocity and leg. In addition, EMG RMS was 65% greater in the right leg than the left leg following training, whereas EMG MPF was 11% greater for the left leg than the right leg throughout training. Thus, 4 weeks of DCER leg press training provides sufficient stimuli to alter the neuromuscular activation process of the VL but not velocity-specific neuromuscular adaptations in trained males.
Differences in clinical manifestations and CT features between pulmonary actinomycosis and aspergillus nodules, as revealed by a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Chen Feng , Yu Linya , Zhou Hua , Xu Lijun , Lou Haiyan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare bacterial disorder often misdiagnosed as other pulmonary diseases because of a lack of specific characteristics and radiographic findings. Aspergillus nodules, a common fungal infection and form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, have imaging findings that overlap with those of pulmonary actinomycosis. This study reviews patients’ clinical and imaging data, to differentiate pulmonary actinomycosis from Aspergillus nodules.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 17 patients with pulmonary actinomycosis and 25 patients with Aspergillus nodules diagnosed histopathologically in a tertiary Chinese hospital between June 2014 and January 2022. Data on age, sex, lesion types/locations, and CT findings were analyzed.

Results:
No significant differences were found in age (mean age 58.2 ± 7.7 vs. 57.2 ± 11.9; p = 0.76), but statistically significant differences were found in sex (men 13 vs. women 10; p = 0.02), between groups. Common symptoms between groups included cough, hemoptysis, sputum production, fever, and chest pain, which showed no significant between-group differences (p = 0.09, p = 0.28, p = 0.10, p = 1, p = 0.41, respectively). Visual evaluation revealed that pulmonary actinomycosis lesions were more likely than pulmonary aspergillosis to appear mass-like (p < 0.001), with bulky volume (p = 0.002), ill-defined margins (p = 0.045), and interlobular septal thickening (p = 0.008). Pleural changes and mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy were more common in pulmonary actinomycosis than in Aspergillus nodules (p = 0.037, p = 0.010, respectively), whereas cavitation, an air-crescent sign, and bronchiectasis were more common in pulmonary aspergillosis (p = 0.027, p < 0.001, p = 0.016, respectively).

Conclusion:
Distinguishing between pulmonary actinomycosis and Aspergillus nodules on the basis of clinical manifestations alone is difficult, although distinctive CT findings may differentiate the two diseases.
mTORC2 Inhibition Improves Morphological Effects of PTEN Loss, But Does Not Correct Synaptic Dysfunction or Prevent Seizures
Authors: Cullen Erin R. , Tariq Kamran , Shore Amy N. , Luikart Bryan W. , Weston Matthew C. 
Published: December 2022

Hyperactivation of PI3K/PTEN-mTOR signaling during neural development is associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), autism, and epilepsy. mTOR can signal through two major hubs, mTORC1 and mTORC2, both of which are hyperactive following PTEN loss of function (LOF). Here, we tested the hypothesis that genetic inactivation of the mTORC2 complex via deletion ofRictoris sufficient to rescue morphologic and electrophysiological abnormalities in the dentate gyrus caused by PTEN loss, as well as generalized seizures. An established, early postnatal mouse model of PTEN loss in male and female mice showed spontaneous seizures that were not prevented by mTORC2 inactivation. This lack of rescue occurred despite the normalization or amelioration of many morphologic and electrophysiological phenotypes. However, increased excitatory connectivity proximal to dentate gyrus granule neuron somas was not normalized by mTORC2 inactivation. Further studies demonstrated that, although mTORC2 inactivation largely rescued the dendritic arbor overgrowth caused by PTEN LOF, it increased synaptic strength and caused additional impairments of presynaptic function. These results suggest that a constrained increase in excitatory connectivity and co-occurring synaptic dysfunction is sufficient to generate seizures downstream of PTEN LOF, even in the absence of characteristic changes in morphologic properties.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHomozygous deletion of thePtengene in neuronal subpopulations in the mouse serves as a valuable model of epilepsy caused by mTOR hyperactivation. To better understand the physiological mechanisms downstream ofPtenloss that cause epilepsy, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeted gene therapies, we tested whether genetic inactivation of the mTORC2 complex could improve the cellular, synaptic, andin vivoeffects ofPtenloss in the dentate gyrus. We found that mTORC2 inhibition improved or rescued all morphologic effects ofPtenloss in the dentate gyrus, but synaptic changes and seizures persisted. These data suggest that synaptic dysfunction can drive epilepsy caused by hyperactivation of PI3K/PTEN-mTOR, and that future therapies should focus on this mechanistic link.
RE-EVALUATION OF FOREIGN WORKERS' PLACEMENT AND REPATRIATION FACTORS
Authors: Al Masud Sheikh Mohammad Maniruzzaman , Binti Hamzah Rohana , Ahmad Hasan 
Published: December 2022

Malaysia has witnessed an influx of foreign workers (FWs), mainly due to its rapidly expanding economy. However, Malaysian labour migration policies have remained a short-term solution to fill instant labour shortages since they were introduced. The current policy has weaknesses due to not successfully controlling FWs at all phases, including the placement and repatriation stages. The focus of policies on public safety-rather than on labour administration and long-term sustainable development-has left room for abuse of and restrictions on FWs by employers and agents. This study aimed to identify crucial factors related to FWs’ placement and repatriation phases, and focused on SDG 08 due to the connection between detected factors and sustainability via decent work. It adopted a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, characterised by qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (face-to-face survey) data collection and analysis, respectively. The results highlighted the need to re-evaluate certain placement and repatriation factors for faultless placement and impeccable return of FWs. The findings of this study will help in redesigning FWs’ placement and repatriation policies. Moreover, the results will also assist in reducing illegal/irregular FWs as well as mistreating of FWs inside Malaysia, and ensuring FWs’ contribution to Malaysian society and the economy.
Reference ranges of anti‐Müllerian hormone and interaction with placental biomarkers in early pregnancy: the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Dykgraaf R H M , Schalekamp-Timmermans S , Adank M C , van den Berg S A A , van de Lang-Born B M N , Korevaar T I M , Kumar A , Kalra B , Savjani G V , Steegers E A P , Louwers Y V , Laven J S E 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The primary objective of this study is to establish maternal reference values of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) in a fertile multi-ethnic urban pregnant population and to evaluate the effect of gestational age. The secondary objective of this study is to explore the association between AMH and placental biomarkers.

Design
This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards.

Setting
City of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, out of hospital setting.

Patients
In 5806 women, serum AMH levels were determined in early pregnancy (median 13.5 weeks; 95% range 10.5–17.2).

Intervention(s)
None.

Main outcome measures
Maternal AMH levels in early pregnancy and its association with placental biomarkers, including human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT), and placental growth factor (PLGF).

Results
A nomogram of AMH in early pregnancy was developed. Serum AMH levels showed a decline with advancing gestational age. Higher AMH levels were associated with a higher level of the placental biomarkers hCG and sFLT in early pregnancy. This last association was predominantly mediated by hCG. AMH levels were negatively associated with PLGF levels.

Conclusion
In this large study, we show that AMH levels in early pregnancy decrease with advancing gestational age. The association between AMH and the placental biomarkers hCG, sFLT, and PLGF suggests a better placental development with lower vascular resistance in mothers with higher AMH levels. Hence, AMH might be useful in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes due to impaired placental development.