bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Coated Ti‐6Al‐4V Exhibits Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties Against Oral Pathogens
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhao Weiwei , Zhao Chen , Zhang Wenqing , Yan Zhimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to explore the antimicrobial properties of graphene coated Ti‐6Al‐4V to oral pathogens.Materials and methodsGraphene directly synthesized on Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, live/dead fluorescent staining and SEM were used to analyze the antimicrobial properties of graphene coated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was monitored to reveal the antimicrobial mechanism.ResultsGraphene coated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy caused a significant reduction in the presence of both bacterial and fungal pathogens as compared to uncoated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and C. albicans on graphene coated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy were less active than on uncoated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy, and tended to become shrunk and deformed. Meanwhile, graphene coated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy induced more generation of ROS in the pathogens than uncoated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy.ConclusionsGraphene coated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy exhibited antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens, the induction of oxidative stress might be involved in its antimicrobial mechanisms.
Partialing alters interpersonal correlates of negative affective symptoms and traits: A circumplex illustration
Authors: Carlson Steven E. , Smith Timothy W. , Williams Paula G. , Parkhurst Kimberly A. , Tinajero Ruben , Goans Christian , Hirai Michiyo , Ruiz John M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionNegative affective symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, and anger) are correlated and have parallel associations with outcomes, as do related personality traits (i.e., facets of neuroticism), often prompting statistical control (i.e., partialing) to determine independent effects. However, such adjustments among predictor variables can alter their construct validity. In three studies, the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) and a related analytic approach (i.e., Structural Summary Method) were used to evaluate changes in interpersonal correlates of negative affective characteristics resulting from partialing.MethodsSamples of undergraduates (Sample 1 n = 3283; Sample 2 = 688) and married couples (n = 300 couples) completed self‐report (three samples) and partner rating (sample 3) measures of anxiety, depression and anger, and IPC measures of interpersonal style.ResultsAnxiety, depression, and anger had expected interpersonal correlates across samples. Partialing depression eliminated interpersonal correlates of anxiety. When anxiety was controlled, depression measures were more strongly associated with submissiveness and less closely associated with low warmth. Adjustments involving anger magnified differences in dominance versus submissiveness associated with the negative affects.DiscussionRemoval of overlap among negative affective measures via partialing alters their interpersonal correlates, potentially complicating interpretation of adjusted associations.
The structural analysis of Kunya‐Urgench chondrite: The nondestructive neutron studies
Authors: Kichanov Sergey E. , Abdurakhimov Bekhzodjon A. , Zel Ivan Yu , Kirillov Andrei K. , Kozlenko Denis P. , Lapina Irina K. , Mentsin Yulii L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present the results of neutron methods, specifically neutron diffraction and neutron tomography, in studying the structural organization of a Kunya‐Urgench chondrite fragment. The major phases of the meteorite fragment and variation of the phase content across the studied volume were revealed using neutron diffraction. The 3‐D model of the spatial distribution of metal and silicate phases inside the meteorite volume was obtained using neutron tomography. The distributions of volumes, average sizes, and shape‐related parameters of kamacite and silicate phases were analyzed. Shape preferred orientations of the kamacite particles were observed and the origins of shape fabric of these particles were discussed.
Holiness, in Particular: A Proposal for Understanding Qedushah
Authors: Fleischacker Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBeginning from an intriguing essay by the mid‐twentieth century Jewish thinker Leon Roth, I offer here an account of what “holiness” might mean for Jews by moving between readings of specifically Jewish texts and a series of general desiderata for any account of holiness. My proposal involves attending closely to but also moving away from the particulars of God’s world. Holiness consists in this process, not in any of the particulars themselves. I suggest that the point of Jewish law is to engage us in such a process.
Reticulons 3 and 6 interact with viral movement proteins
Authors: Tilsner Jens , Kriechbaumer Verena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant reticulon (RTN) proteins are capable of constricting membranes and are vital for creating and maintaining tubules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), making them prime candidates for the formation of the desmotubule in plasmodesmata (PD). RTN3 and RTN6 have previously been detected in an Arabidopsis PD proteome and have been shown to be present in primary PD at cytokinesis. It has been suggested that RTN proteins form protein complexes with proteins in the PD plasma membrane and desmotubule to stabilize the desmotubule constriction and regulate PD aperture. Viral movement proteins (vMPs) enable the transport of viruses through PD and can be ER‐integral membrane proteins or interact with the ER. Some vMPs can themselves constrict ER membranes or localize to RTN‐containing tubules; RTN proteins and vMPs could be functionally linked or potentially interact. Here we show that different vMPs are capable of interacting with RTN3 and RTN6 in a membrane yeast two‐hybrid assay, coimmunoprecipitation, and Förster resonance energy transfer measured by donor excited‐state fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Furthermore, coexpression of the vMP CMV‐3a and RTN3 results in either the vMP or the RTN changing subcellular localization and reduces the ability of CMV‐3a to open PD, further indicating interactions between the two proteins.
The effects of loperamide on excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular function in the human colon
Authors: Heitmann Paul T. , Keightley Lauren , Wiklendt Lukasz , Wattchow David A. , Brookes Simon S.J. , Spencer Nicholas J. , Costa Marcello , Dinning Phil G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn most animal species, opioids alter colonic motility via the inhibition of excitatory enteric motor neurons. The mechanisms by which opioids alter human colonic motility are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of loperamide on neuromuscular function in the human colon.MethodsTissue specimens of human colon from 10 patients undergoing an anterior resection were divided into three inter‐taenial circular muscle strips. Separate organ baths were used to assess: (1) excitatory transmission (selective blockade of inhibitory transmission: L‐NOARG/MRS2179); (2) inhibitory transmission (selective blockade of excitatory transmission: hyoscine hydrobromide); and (3) a control bath (no drug additions). Neuromuscular function was assessed using force transducer recordings and electrical field stimulation (EFS; 20 V, 10 Hz, 0.5 ms, 10 s) prior to and following loperamide and naloxone.Key ResultsIn human preparations with L‐NOARG/MRS2179, loperamide had no significant effects on isometric contractions. In preparations with hyoscine hydrobromide, loperamide reduced isometric relaxation during EFS (median difference + 0.60 g post‐loperamide,Z = −2.35,p = 0.019).Conclusions and InferencesLoperamide had no effect on excitatory neuromuscular function in human colonic circular muscle. These findings suggest that loperamide alters colonic function by acting primarily on inhibitory motor neurons, premotor enteric neurons, or via alternative non‐opioid receptor pathways.
The structure of optimal solutions for harvesting a renewable resource
Authors: Upmann Thorsten , Gromov Dmitry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of optimal harvesting of a renewable resource whose dynamics are governed by logistic growth and whose payoff is proportional to the harvest. We consider both the case of a finite and an infinite time horizon and analyse the structure of the optimal solutions and their dependence on the parameters of the model. We show that the optimal policy can only have one of three structures: (1) maximal harvesting effort until the resource is depleted, (2) zero harvesting during an initial time interval followed by a subsequent switch to maximal harvesting effort, or (3) a singular solution, which corresponds to an intermediate level of harvesting, accompanied by the most rapid approach path. All three scenarios emerge, with minor variations, with finite and infinite time horizons, depending on the particular combination of parameters of the system. We characterize the conditions under which the singular solution is optimal and present suggestions for designing an optimal and sustainable harvesting strategy.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

We have rigorously explored a standard optimal harvesting model and its steady states.
We show that three different types of solutions may emerge: (i) maximal harvesting eventually leading to a complete depletion of the stock; (ii) maximal harvesting with a potential period of idleness leading to a positive stock; (iii) an initial phase of either no or full harvesting followed by a period of intermediate harvesting intensity leading to a positive stock (singular solution).
With some modifications, similar results hold for a finite planning horizon.
Which of these three scenarios emerges in the finite horizon case depends not only on the parameter values but also on the length of the planning horizon.
Cheilitis: A cross‐sectional study—multiple factors involved in the aetiology and clinical features
Authors: Blagec Tadeja , Glavina Ana , Špiljak Bruno , Bešlić Iva , Bulat Vedrana , Lugović‐Mihić Liborija 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveSince the aetiologies of cheilitis are broad and overlapping, the purpose of this cross‐sectional clinical study was to examine the multiple factors involved in aetiology and the disease’s clinical features.Subjects and MethodsWe analysed cheilitis prevalence, demography, clinical features, patients’ habits, psychological stress, systemic diseases, vitamin B9, B12 and iron serum levels and allergy test results in a total of 130 subjects with cheilitis, plus 22 healthy subjects.ResultsThe most common cheilitis types were: cheilitis simplex and eczematous cheilitis (28.5%); herpetic cheilitis (16.9%); and exfoliative and angular cheilitis (7.7%). Concerning bad habits, there was a significant association/connection between self‐reported saliva at the corners of the mouth and angular cheilitis, and between lip licking/biting and exfoliative cheilitis. Common associated conditions were skin diseases (56.5%) and atopy (84%). Vitamin B9 and B12 serum and iron values were mostly within the normal reference range. The patients suffering from herpetic cheilitis had significantly higher psychological/mental stress levels than the control group.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study of cheilitis patients that has simultaneously analysed aetiological factors, characteristics of the disease and diagnostic parameters.
An analysis of glaucoma repeat measures assessment results: Are core competencies enough?
Authors: Karas Marek , Bartlett Sophie , Whitaker Angela , Sheen Nik , North Rachel , Ryan Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe need to validate core competency skills in qualified optometrists wishing to take part in extended roles in glaucoma care has been questioned. This analysis examines the ability of qualified optometrists to perform relevant core competency skills under standardised objective assessment conditions to explore whether such validation is justified. It also investigates if there are associations between performance, gender and length of time since qualification.MethodsAnonymised data from the Cardiff University assessment programme for the Wales Optometry Postgraduate Education Centre (WOPEC) Local Optical Committee Support Unit glaucoma referral filtering and monitoring pathway delivered between January 2017 and March 2020 were analysed. Results were combined with demographic data from the General Optical Council register of optometrists in the UK to investigate associations between performance and practitioner characteristics, namely length of time since qualification and gender.ResultsThe assessment results of 2215 optometrists practising in England (approximately 15% of all UK registered optometrists and 30% of all optometrists registered in England) were analysed. Failure rates for first time assessment in each of five objective structured clinical examination style practical assessments were 8.5% (van Herick); 8.8% (slit lamp binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy); 10.1% (Goldmann applanation tonometry calibration); 21.9% (Goldmann applanation tonometry) and 23.3% (case scenario interpretation and management). There were either no associations or at most very weak associations between performance and practitioner characteristics.ConclusionsOur results suggest that these competencies are not universally present in optometrists practising in England and that ongoing training and assessment of these competencies is justified for entry into extended roles. There are no meaningful associations between performance in these assessments and gender or time since qualification.
A Novel Anatomical Locking Guide Plate for Treating Acetabular Transverse Posterior Wall Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Li Ming , Deng Junhao , Li Jiantao , Li Zhirui , Zhang Hao , Zhao Yanpeng , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo improve the treatment of the acetabular transverse posterior wall fracture (ATPWF), a novel anatomical locking guidance plate (NALGP) was designed and compared with traditional fixations using finite element analysis.MethodsThe ATPWF model was constructed using the three‐dimensional finite element model of the half pelvis via the Mimics software and three internal devices were used to fix this model: the posterior‐column locking plate with anterior‐column screws (PCLP), double‐column locking plates (DCLP), and NALGP. Next, mesh division was conducted by solid 187 tetrahedral elements in the workbench software. After defining the boundary condition and material properties, each assembly model was loaded in an increasing manner with a downward vertical force of 200, 400, and 600 N, respectively. The loading force was directed at 45 degrees upward in the coronal plane and 25 degrees backward in the sagittal plane. Finally, the stress distribution and stress peak of plates and screws were measured and evaluated, and the displacement of fracture fragments under different loading force was assessed among the three groups.ResultsFor stress distribution, it was found that the stress mainly acted on the posterior‐column plate, especially concentrated at the middle and lower section of the plate in all three groups after fixation on the ATPWF. In addition, most stresses of screws appeared on the lag screws instead of the common screws. The common screws in the NALGP group experienced larger stresses under all loading force, while those in the DCLP group withstood less stresses compared to those in the PCLP group. For the displacement of fracture fragments, the NALGP group were found to have less fracture fragment displacements than the PCLP group, but had comparable results to DCLP at both the transverse fracture and the posterior wall fracture sites.ConclusionThe newly‐designed fixation device showed superiorities on fracture stabilization over PCLP, but had comparable stability to DCLP. This suggests that the DCLP might be unnecessary for treating ATPWF in some instances because it might cause bigger surgical trauma and blood loss.
Bureaucratic discretion, social equity, and the administrative legitimacy dilemma: Complications of New Public Service
Authors: Rivera Jason D. , Knox Claire Connolly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBureaucratic discretion continues to be one of a public administrator's primary powers while at the same time being one of their most controversial. Used in a positive way, bureaucratic discretion can enhance social equity; however, this practice can create administrative legitimacy dilemmas. As such, this paper conceptually discusses the theoretical position of public administrators that contributes to their engagement in legitimacy dilemmas, which is further complicated by the tenets of New Public Service. We argue that if public administrators are engaged in authentic interactions with the public and use their discretion to reflect the interests of the public, then they are engaged in truly democratic governance. We place this argument in the context of achieving social equity and highlight an avoided question in public administration. Finally, recommendations for future research are offered as a means progressing the social equity agenda in public administration.
Personal attributes and (mis)perceptions of local environmental risk
Authors: Li Zhengyan , Konisky David M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividuals' risk perceptions shape their attitudes and behaviors, and to the extent that governments respond to public demands, they also influence public policy priorities. Conversely, risk misperceptions—that is, when risk perceptions do not align with realities—may lead to suboptimal behaviors and inefficient public policy. This study investigates the phenomena of environmental risk misperceptions. Specifically, with an original survey that enables a direct comparison of perceived and actual environmental risks at the local level, it examines the relationships between personal attributes and risk misperceptions. The findings show that individuals exhibit optimism bias in assessing local environmental risk. On average, people rank their communities as experiencing less risk from toxic air pollution than objective measures suggest. Moreover, Whites, males, conservatives, and older people tend to have larger optimism bias and have lower chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their counterparts, respectively, while respondents who are married, poor, who go to church regularly, and have strong pro‐environmental orientation, tend to have smaller optimism bias and have higher chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their respective counterparts. The systematic misperception of local environmental risk underscores the importance of information provision and risk communication, and the sociopolitical correlates of misperception suggest that targeted and more nuanced strategies are required to correct misperceptions.
Mobilisation of HLA‐F on the surface of bronchial epithelial cells and platelets in asthmatic patients
Authors: Fiouane Sabrina , Chebbo Mohamad , Beley Sophie , Paganini Julien , Picard Christophe , D'Journo Xavier‐Benoît , Thomas Pascal‐Alexandre , Chiaroni Jacques , Chanez Pascal , Gras Delphine , Di Cristofaro Julie 
Published: August 2022

Uncontrolled inflammation of the airways in chronic obstructive lung diseases leads to exacerbation, accelerated lung dysfunction and respiratory insufficiency. Among these diseases, asthma affects 358 million people worldwide. Human bronchial epithelium cells (HBEC) express both anti‐inflammatory and activating molecules, and their deregulated expression contribute to immune cell recruitment and activation, especially platelets (PLT) particularly involved in lung tissue inflammation in asthma context. Previous results supported that HLA‐G dysregulation in lung tissue is associated with immune cell activation. We investigated here HLA‐F expression, reported to be mobilised on immune cell surface upon activation and displaying its highest affinity for the KIR3DS1‐activating NK receptor. We explored HLA‐F transcriptional expression in HBEC; HLA‐F total expression in PBMC and HBEC collected from healthy individuals at rest and upon chemical activation and HLA‐F membrane expression in PBMC, HBEC and PLT collected from healthy individuals at rest and upon chemical activation. We compared HLA‐F transcriptional expression in HBEC from healthy individuals and asthmatic patients and its surface expression in HBEC and PLT from healthy individuals and asthmatic patients. Our results support that HLA‐F is expressed by HBEC and PLT under healthy physiological conditions and is retained in cytoplasm, barely expressed on the surface, as previously reported in immune cells. In both cell types, HLA‐F reaches the surface in the inflammatory asthma context whereas no effect is observed at the transcriptional level. Our study suggests that HLA‐F surface expression is a ubiquitous post‐transcriptional process in activated cells. It may be of therapeutic interest in controlling lung inflammation.
Boosting ethics review capacity in public health emergency situations: Co‐creation of a training model for French‐speaking research ethics committees
Authors: Maketa Vivi , Luzolo Flory , Muhindo Mavoko Hypolite , Claeys Yves , Munday Felicien , Yemesi Benge Robert , Bongo Pasi Willy , Mankindu Darius , Mampunza Samuel , Lukanu Philippe , Kasongo Muteho , Ntabe Namegabe Edmond , Kambale Karafuli Leopold , Phanzu Mavinga Delphin , Milandu Massamba Emmanuel , Muaka Khoso César‐Augustin , Ravinetto Raffaella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEthics review preparedness is a major foundation for national effective response to public health emergencies, because it promotes pertinent research and enhances the protection of research participants and communities. In low‐income countries, it can also promote equitable research partnership. However, most relevant literature is in English and not easily accessible for the members of research ethics committees in French‐speaking African countries.MethodsA training module in French, addressing the issue of research ethics review during outbreaks and other public health emergencies, was designed based on a non‐systematic literature review, and in order to be complementary to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) national guidelines for ethics review. The module was administered to 42 members of the five ethics committees in DRC that expressed their interest for the training.ResultThis training, co‐designed with local stakeholders, in the local working language and taking into account local circumstances and regulation, provided participants with up‐to‐date insights of research ethics (and research ethics preparedness) in public health emergencies. It resulted in rich reflection and knowledge‐sharing on good practices across the ethics committees.ConclusionAs most participating ethics committees do not have yet explicit standard operating procedures for expedited review of protocols submitted in emergency situations, this would be a next important step to facilitate emergency reviews in the most efficient way.