bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flexible compartment model for simulation specific to COVID-19
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The dynamic relation among ‘Susceptible’, ‘Infected’, ‘Removed (Recovered)’, ‘Death’ and others for COVID-19 disease is a kind of multibody problem. It has been simulated mainly by the compartment models, of which the representative is the SIR model. For the SIR model, ‘Infected’ infects ‘Susceptible’ through the recovery period, and ‘Infected’ is removed as ‘Removed’ not only from the disease but also from the community after the recovery period is ended. For COVID-19, however, the infected individuals should be isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended. Thus, the infected individuals do not infect susceptible individuals in the community after the latent period, even during the recovery period. Additionally, the infection has occurred in the community even during the latent period before the infected individuals are isolated due to being symptomatic. These two facts for COVID-19 suggest that the simulation by the SIR model would be less accurate in calculating the number of infected individuals and that the results might mislead political and medical interventions. For the model proposed here, the infected individuals are isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended, but the recovered individuals who have medically recovered and have immunity return to the community, and the infection occurs even during the latent period. The model shows remarkably different results from those simulated by the SIR model. The model also provides the processes evaluating the political and social countermeasures against COVID-19.
Optical Bistability and Absorption characteristic of an Optomechanical system embedded with double quantum dot and nonlinear medium.
Authors: Yadav Surabhi , Bhatt Vijay , Bhattacherjee Aranya B , Jha Pradip K. , Roy Sanchita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: This paper theoretically studies a hybrid optomechanical system embedded with two coupled quantum dots (CQDs) and a third-order Kerr nonlinear medium inside the cavity. The optical bistability and absorption spectrum are analyzed for the proposed system. Methods: From the Hamiltonian which describes the proposed system, a set of quantum Langevin equations are derived. Using these equations of motion, the steady-state mean field analysis is done which gives the phenomena of optical bistability. The performance of the optical switch is also analyzed in terms of gain and switching ratio. Further, the absorption spectrum of the system is derived and analyzed from the fluctuation dynamics. Results: The optical bistability has the potential to design tunable all-optical switches. The absorption spectra display peculiar characteristics of negative absorption (transparency dip). The transparency dips are found to be strongly dependent on the frequency of the mechanical resonator. The results of our investigation reveal that the proposed system can be used as an optical switch and has numerous other applications in quantum communication systems.
Risk factors associated with the incidence of clinical mastitis in pasture-based dairy herds in Colombia
Authors: Arenas David Jessé González , Vergara-Galván Mónica , Jiménez-Escobar Claudia , Zambrano-Varón Jorge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inflammation of the mammary gland is a disease of great importance in milk production that generates significant financial losses worldwide. This study pretends to determine the occurrence, predominant pathogens, and risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in the province of Ubaté. The research required the design of a twenty-four-month longitudinal epidemiological study. Data from 504 small producers, 4233 animals in production, 133 mastitis clinical cases, and 53 microbiological cultures were analyzed using binary logistic regression models to establish the association between possible risk factors and disease. Results. The disease had an incidence rate per animal and per quarter between 2.0–4.0 and 0.6-1.0 new cases per 100 animals-quarter-year at risk. The most prevalent microorganisms isolated were Coagulase-negative staphylococci and environmental streptococci. The cow and quarter level risk factors identified were dirty mammary glands, hyperkeratosis, and nipple wounds. Herd-level risk factors include workwear exclusively for milking, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis, milking method, cleanness of the workwear, the water source used during milking, use of gloves, correct use of disinfectant, pre-milking management, handwashing before milking, and foremilk disposal. Conclusions. Preventive programs should aim to control risk factors related to hygiene and milking routine since these were associated with the presentation of clinical mastitis caused by environmental microorganisms that were the most prevalent in cows affected in this study.
Non-aging despite high mutation rate – genomic insights into the evolution of Hydra
Authors: Sahm Arne , Riege Konstantin , Groth Marco , Bens Martin , Kraus Johann , Fischer Martin , Kestler Hans , Englert Christoph , Schaible Ralf , Platzer Matthias , Hoffmann Steve 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hydra is a genus of freshwater polyps with remarkable regeneration abilities and a non-senescent phenotype under laboratory conditions. Thus, this animal is particularly interesting for aging research. Here, we gained insights into Hydra's recent genetic evolution by genome sequencing of single cells and whole individuals. Despite its extreme longevity, Hydra does not show a lower somatic mutation rate than humans or mice. While we identify biological processes that have evolved under positive selection in animals kept in optimal laboratory conditions for decades, we found no signs of strong negative selection during this tiny evolutionary window. Interestingly, we observe the opposite pattern for the preceding evolution in the wild over a longer time period. Moreover, we found evidence that Hydra evolution in captivity was accompanied and potentially accelerated by loss of heterozygosity. Processes under positive selection in captive animals include pathways associated with Hydra’s simple nervous system, its nucleic acid metabolic process, cell migration, and hydrolase activity. Genes associated with organ regeneration, regulation of mRNA splicing, histone ubiquitination, and mitochondrial fusion were identified as highly conserved in the wild. Remarkably, several of the processes under strongest selection are closely related to those considered essential for the exapted, i. e. not brought about by natural selection, feature: Hydra’s non-aging.
Classification of Ayurveda constitution types: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Khatua Debnarayan , Sekh Arif Ahmed , Kutum Rintu , Mukherji Mitali , Prasher Bhavana , Kar Samarjit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In precision medicine, there has been a paradigm shift, from a population average based one-size-fits all, to an individualized approach. The aim is to tailor a medicine according to an individual’s genetic make-up and response to drug, diet, and environment. Machine learning algorithms are being developed to dissect inter-individual variability in the population. This is more important for prevention of diseases in healthy individuals and early actionable interventions. In Ayurveda, the basic tenet of the practice is personalised - an individual’s constitution type “Prakriti” is used for predicting healthy and disease trajectories as well as individualized management. Any population can be stratified into seven Prakriti groups amongst which the Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the three phenotypic extremes with contrasting disease susceptibilities and response. Prakriti is assessed through examination of multi-system attributes and has been formalized into a questionnaire that captures 120 feature attributes for objective assessment. We use for the first time - powerful dense neural network deep learning algorithms for predicting Prakriti classes. The study was carried out on a validated dataset of 233 extreme Prakriti individuals derived from two genetically diverse cohorts from North and West India. We benchmark our method with the state-of-the-art supervised machine learning and establish a learning approach for transferring features from the Western to Northern Indian data and vice versa as well. Our study provides a computational framework for predicting Prakriti which can be implemented in large scale

studies of precision medicine. The dataset and the baseline implementation can be found in (https://github.com/skarifahmed/DeepAyurveda).
Impact of population based indoor residual spraying with and without mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on malaria prevalence in a high transmission setting: a quasi-experimental controlled before-and-after trial in northeastern Uganda
Authors: Echodu Dorothy C. , Yeka Adoke , Eganyu Thomas , Odude Wycliff , Bukenya Fred , Amoah Benjamin , Wanzira Humphrey , Colborn Kathryn , Elliott Richard C. , Powell Suzanne E. , Kilama Maxwell , Mulebeke Ronald , Nankabirwa Joaniter , Giorgi Emanuele , Roskosky Mellisa , Omoding Osborn , Gonahasa Samuel , Opigo Jimmy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Declines in malaria burden in Uganda have slowed. Modelling predicts that indoor residual spraying (IRS) and mass drug administration (MDA), when co-timed, have synergistic impact. This study investigated additional protective impact of population-based MDA on malaria prevalence, if any, when added to IRS, as compared with IRS alone and with standard of care (SOC). Methods: The 32-month prospective quasi-experimental controlled before-and-after trial enrolled an open cohort of residents (46,765 individuals, 1st enumeration and 52,133, 4th enumeration) in Katakwi District in northeastern Uganda. Consented participants were assigned to three arms based on residential subcounty at study start: MDA+IRS, IRS, and SOC. IRS with pirimiphos methyl and MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine were delivered in 4 co-timed campaign-style rounds 8 months apart. The primary endpoint was population prevalence of malaria, estimated by 6 cross-sectional surveys, starting at baseline and preceding each subsequent round. Results: Comparing malaria prevalence in MDA+IRS and IRS only arms over all 6 surveys (intention-to-treat analysis), roughly every 6 months, post-interventions, a geostatistical model found a significant additional 15.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): [13.7%, 17.5%], Z=9.6, p= 5e-20) decrease in the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) due to MDA for all ages, a 13.3% reduction in under 5’s (95% CI: [10.5%, 16.8%], Z=4.02, p= 5e-5), and a 10.1% reduction in children 5-15 (95% CI: [8.5%, 11.8%], Z=4.7, p= 2e-5). All ages residents of the MDA + IRS arm enjoyed an overall 80.1% reduction (95% CI: [80.0%,83.0%, p=.0001] in odds of qPCR confirmed malaria compared with SOC residents. Secondary difference-indifference analyses comparing surveys at different timepoints to baseline showed aOR (MDA + IRS vs IRS) of qPCR positivity between 0.28 and 0.66 (p<.001). Of three serious adverse events, one (nonfatal) was considered related to study medications. Limitations include the initial non-random assignment of study arms, the single large cluster per arm, and the lack of an MDA-only arm, considered to violate equipoise. Conclusions: Despite being assessed at long timepoints 5-7 months post-round, MDA plus IRS provided significant additional protection from malaria infection over IRS alone. Randomized trials of large areas undergoing IRS recommended as well as cohort studies of impact on incidence. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered 11/07/2018 with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201807166695568).
Novel use of Synthetic Titanium Dioxide Extracted from Zizyphus Spina-Christi for Removing CIP from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Alobaidi Tuqa B , alwared abeer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Biosynthesis of nanomaterials has piqued the interest of current researchers due to its low toxicity, reproducibility, environmental friendliness, economic viability, and low energy consumption. In this direction, for the first time, the ability of biosynthesis titanium dioxide nanoparticle prepared from Zizyphus-Spina-Christi leaves (Z-TiO2) to degrade ciprofloxacin(CIP) residue from aqueous solution by changing different initial parameters pH (3,5,7,9 and 11), CIP initial conc. (15,25,35,45,and 55) mg/L, Z-TiO2 concentration (15,25,35,45,and 55) mg/L, H2O2 conc. (50,75,100,200,400 and 600) mg/L, and temperature of (25,40,and 60) °C, and the results confirm the effectiveness of Z- TiO2 as that of commercial TiO2 to remove CIP, with a maximum removal percentage at 120 min of 91 % at (5,15 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 25°C), respectively. Furthermore, the investigations demonstrated that Z-TiO2 might be employed as a potential for up to six cycles of photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants before it loses efficiency. Its usage as a catalyst is viable because of its low cost and great output rate.
Effect of Artificial Formalin Treatment on Fish Muscles Textural Quality and Different Formalin Lessening Techniques from Muscles
Authors: MEHTA NARESH KUMAR , Pal Durba , Majumdar Ranendra KUMAR , Priyadarshini M. Bhargavi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many countries have reported formalin contamination for extending the shelf life of fish. As a reason, the current study was performed to understand the influence of three different concentrations of formalin on fish muscles quality and thereafter, some formalin lessening techniques were also assessed. The experimental fish treated with 1%, 5% & 10% formalin solutions for 5 min and as a result, the residual content enhanced to almost 7, 11 and 15 times respectively compared to fresh fish. The solubility and water holding capacity of muscle protein were found to be decreased significantly with increase in formalin concentration. The hardness of fish muscles increased with increase in formalin concentration and the value increased by 80% in the fish treated with 10% formalin. Similarly, the chewiness of muscles increased by 16–121% compared to untreated fish. Moreover, the total bacterial load on fish muscles also reduced markedly. In order to reduce formalin content in fish, formalin-treated fish was washed in running tap water, saline water and tepid water separately up to 30 minutes and thereby the content got reduced to the acceptable label in 20 min, 20 min, and 10 min respectively. Similarly, treated fish was fried for five minutes and content was reduced to acceptable limits. From the results, it was observed that formalin treatment not only reduced bacterial load but also impacted the texture of the fish muscles, creating the impression that the fish is fresh. Tepid water washing and frying process were effective in reducing formalin content in fish muscles.
Impact of different nitrogen additions on microbes and exopolysaccharides excretion in cyanobacterial biocrusts
Authors: Qian Long , Xiao Jingshang , Zhang Zulin , Yang Lie , Xia Ling , Farías María E. , Torres Rosa María , WU LI 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Recently, it has been found that nitrogen (N) deposition could strongly affect the spatial pattern of biocrusts by reducing their cover. However, as the key cementing materials in the formation and stabilization of biocrusts, little has been known about the response of exopolysaccharides (EPS) to N deposition.Method Three N sources nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), urea (UN) with three gradients (2 mg/g, 4 mg/g, 8 mg/g) were set to evaluate the effects of N addition on the microbial community and EPS excretion in laboratory. Results Our results showed the addition of AN and UN (2-4 mg/g) strongly decreased the cyanobacterial biomass, indicated by chlorophyll-a and16s rDNA gene copy-number. The results also suggested that although medium and high NN (4-8 mg/g) inhibited the growth of Microcoleus vaginatus, they promoted Cyanobacteria growth. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing results showed N addition increased the α-biodiversity of biocrusts, and microbial community shifted from more Cyanobacteria to more Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, especially driven by AN and UN. Notably, EPS in biocrusts was significantly reduced after high-N addition, and the co-reduction of cyanobacterial biomass and EPS would undoubtedly affect the stabilization and persistence of early-stage biocrusts. Meanwhile, the reduced proportion of Rhamnose and Fucose in EPSs may further reduce the adhesion of EPS to soil. Conclusion These findings improve our understanding of biocrusts' responses to N deposition. Considering the importance of cyanobacteria and EPS in biocrusts, cyanobacterial biocrust coverage may face more serious challenges, in the context of continuous increasing N deposition in drylands.
Analysis of Solutions for a Blockchain Compliance with GDPR
Authors: Godyn Mateusz , Kedziora Michal , Ren Yingying , Liu Yongxin , Song Houbing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to perform an analysis of the state-of-art solutions of the permissioned blockchain compliance with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), including the implementation of one of the analyzed methods and own solution. This paper covers the subject of GDPR and its impact on already existing blockchain databases in order to determine the domain of the problem, including the necessity to introduce mutability in the data structure to comply with the "right to be forgotten". The performed analysis made it possible to discuss current research in technical terms, as well as in the regulation itself. In the experimental part, attempts were made to research and implement Reference-based Tree Structure (RBTS), including the performance tests. The proposed solution is efficient and easily reproducible. The deletion of unwanted content is quick and requires consent only from the owner of personal data, therefore, eliminating the dependency on the other blockchain network participants.
Discovery and structural characterization of chicoric acid as a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein ligand and RNA binding disruptor
Authors: Mercaldi Gustavo , Bezerra Eduardo , Batista Fernanda Aparecida , Tonoli Celisa , Soprano Adriana , Shimizu Jacqueline , Nagai Alice , Silva Jaqueline da , Ribeiro-Filho Helder , Faria Jessica , Cunha Marcos da , Zeri Ana , Nascimento Andrey Fabricio , Proenca-Modena Jose Luiz , Bajgelman Marcio , Rocco Silvana , Lopes-de-Oliveira Paulo , Cordeiro Artur , Bruder Marjorie , Marques Rafael Elias , Sforca Mauricio , Franchini Kleber , Benedetti Celso , Figueira Ana Carolina , Trivella Daniela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein plays critical roles in coronavirus genome transcription and packaging, representing a key target for the development of novel antivirals, and for which structural information on ligand binding is scarce. We used a novel fluorescence polarization assay to identify small molecules that disrupt the binding of the N protein to a target RNA derived from the SARS-CoV-2 genome packaging signal. Several phenolic compounds, including L-chicoric acid (CA), were identified as high-affinity N-protein ligands. The binding of CA to the N protein was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry, 1H-STD NMR, and by the crystal structure of CA bound to the N protein C-terminal domain (CTD), further revealing a new modulatory site in the SARS-CoV-2 N protein. Moreover, CA reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell cultures. These data thus open venues for the development of new antivirals targeting the N protein, an essential and yet underexplored coronavirus target.
Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in the tectonically deformed sedimentary rocks in Abakaliki area, southeastern Nigeria, using geophysical and geological data
Authors: Obasi Ikenna A. , II Jamilu B. Ahmed , Aigbadon Godwin O. , Anakwuba Emmanuel K. , Akudo Ernest O. , Onwa Nneka M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A combination of the IEC, AVI, and GOD pollution indices were used to assess the vulnerability of the fractured rock aquifer in the Abakaliki area to pollution from anthropogenic sources. The topsoil ranges from laterite to silt to silty-clay, according to the results of the vertical electrical sounding (VES). The geoelectric sections have varying numbers of layers (1–6 layers) with their resistivity ranges as 29.16–3,949.30 Ω, 4.98–1,630.70 Ωm, 0.35–3,767.20 Ωm,1.76–7926.30 Ωm, and 1.11–3,060.20 Ωm respectively. These have been grouped into four main lithologic units namely the topsoil, indurated/baked shale, fractured shale/sandstone (the aquiferous unit), and the consolidated sandstone units. The thickness of the vadose zone is generally thin (< 18 m), while their hydraulic conductivity is relatively high (0.20–16.11 m/day) for argillaceous rocks. The IEC values (0.003–0.850 S) suggest a weak to fair protective capacity for the vadose zone. The result of the HR (1.01–55.49) indicates that the underlying aquifer is highly to extremely vulnerable, and the GOD values (> 0.7) agree that they are extremely vulnerable.
In situ facile green synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites using Tetradenia riperia leaf extract and its antimicrobial efficacy on water disinfection
Authors: Mtavangu Stanslaus G. , Machunda Revocatus L. , Bruggen Bart van der , Njau Karoli N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by a green synthesis route using aqueous leaf extract of Tetradenia riperia and investigated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To optimize the synthesis of the Ag-ZnO, the effects of precursor concentrations, pH, and temperatures were studied. The Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, ATR-FTIR, FESEM, and TEM. Results show that the concentration of 8% Ag, the temperature of 80 oC, and a pH of 7–8 were optimal for the synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites. The XRD analysis showed the decrease in particle size of Ag-ZnO from 23.6 to 14.8 nm with an increase in Ag concentrations, which was further supported by FESEM analysis. TEM image of 8% Ag provides more information on the coexistence of Ag on ZnO where an average particle size of 14.8 nm was determined. The ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds, which work as reducing and stabilizing agents. The antimicrobial activity results show that Ag-ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated a higher antimicrobial potency on Escherichia coli than on Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, Tetradenia riperia leaf extract is a viable route for the synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites to be used for various applications, including water disinfection.