bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Uptake of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Products for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Authors: Kityo Cissy , Cortes Claudia P , Phanuphak Nittaya , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Venter Francois 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) has been found to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in phase 3 clinical trials and is poised to soon enter routine clinical care. This treatment modality has the potential to address many barriers to daily oral ART adherence among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for HIV Pre-Exposure prevention. Data from the Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) showed high rates of satisfaction, acceptability, tolerability and preference for the LA regimen, compared with the daily oral treatment. Once LA ART is available, access and uptake will be limited because of current knowledge gaps in the use of these agents and multiple challenges many specific to low-income and middle-income countries, where the epidemic is most concentrated and HIV prevention and treatment options are limited. These gaps will lead to multiple systems-level and individual-level barriers to implementation. Anticipating and addressing these gaps and barriers will help fulfill the promise of these agents against the pandemic.
Transitioning Long-Acting Products to a Generic Marketplace: What's Missing?
Authors: Brown Ripin David H , Catlin Kelly , Lewis Linda , Resar Danielle , Amole Carolyn , Bollinger Robert C , Flexner Charles 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Development of and increased access to generic oral medications to treat high-burden diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and malaria have had a major impact on reducing global morbidity and mortality. However, access and adherence to these life-saving treatments remains limited for some of the most vulnerable and underserved populations, for whom stigma, control, and discretion are critical to decisions around care. Current efforts to develop long-acting formulations to treat and prevent these conditions could overcome many of these barriers. However, generic manufacturing of these innovative products will be required to ensure affordable access to the communities and patients in greatest need. Strategic investments in new infrastructure will be required even before markets and manufacturing costs are clear, to ensure that access to these new products is not delayed, particularly for patients in low- and middle-income countries. Unlike conventional oral medications, long-acting products require greater investment for formulation, packaging, and delivery. The requirement for long-term bioequivalence studies will introduce additional delays in regulatory approval of generic long-acting products, and expedited approval pathways must be developed. Lessons learned from the development of long-acting hormonal contraceptives and long-acting antiretroviral products may provide a way forward.
Revealing stromal and lymphoid sources of Col3a1-expression during inflammation using a novel reporter mouse
Authors: da Rosa Larissa C , Scales Hannah E , Makhija Sangeet , Sutherland Katie , Benson Robert A , Brewer James M , Garside Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the earliest signs of dysregulation of the homeostatic process of fibrosis, associated with pathology in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, is the overexpression of collagen type III (COL-3). Critically, there is still relatively little known regarding the identity of the cell types expressing the gene encoding COL-3 (Col3a1). Identifying and characterizing Col3a1-expressing cells during the development of fibrosis could reveal new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis-related pathologies. As such, a reporter mouse expressing concomitantly Col3a1 and mKate-2, a fluorescent protein, was generated. Using models of footpad inflammation, we demonstrated its effectiveness as a tool to measure the expression of COL-3 during the repair process and provided an initial characterization of some of the stromal and immune cells responsible for Col3a1 expression.
Disparities in the treatment of cardiogenic shock: does sex matter?
Authors: Wang Amy S , Nemeth Samantha , Vinogradsky Alice , Kurlansky Paul , Brodie Daniel , Fried Justin , Takeda Koji 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The use of extracorporeal life support for cardiogenic shock has significantly increased over the past decade. However, there are insufficient data for the presence of sex-associated outcomes differences. Our study assesses differences between male and female patients placed on venoarterial extracorporeal life support (VA-ECLS) for cardiogenic shock from an international database.

METHODS
This is a multicentre, retrospective study on 9888 adult patients on VA-ECLS for cardiogenic shock from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry from 2011 to 2019. The 1:1 nearest neighbour propensity score matching was performed. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points include bleeding, infection and other complications.

RESULTS
There were 6747 (68%) male patients and 3141 (32%) female patients. Male patients were more likely to have history of myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure. Female patients were more likely to be centrally cannulated. After propensity score matching, there was no difference seen in in-hospital mortality. In regards to complications, female patients were more likely to experience limb ischaemia, whereas males were more likely to receive renal replacement therapy and have longer hospital stays. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed sex was not independently associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference in-hospital mortality between male and female patients receiving VA-ECLS for cardiogenic shock. Female patients were more likely to have limb ischaemia as a complication. Varying cannulation approaches for female patients should be further investigated.
Interruptions during general practice consultations: negative impact on physicians, and patients’ indifference
Authors: Santos Catarina Neves , Pedrosa Bruno Ferreira , Martins Marília , Gouveia Fábio , Franco Fátima , Vardasca Margarida João , Pedro Bernardo , Nogueira Jorge Domingues 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Interruptions can impact consultation duration, doctors and patients’ satisfaction, and quality of care provided. Although most of them seem to have a negative impact, affecting doctor–patient relationship and interfering with clinical reasoning, which increases the risk of error, there is still no evidence on their global impact on consultations.

Objectives
To evaluate the number and duration of interruptions during general practice consultations. To compare physicians and patients’ perceptions of their urgency and impact, as well as the overall satisfaction with the consultation.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of annual face-to-face general practice consultations at a Health Centre. Between January and March 2022, anonymous questionnaires were given to physicians and patients after consultation. We performed a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 403 consultations were included. Physicians reported more interruptions than patients (108 vs. 87, P &lt; 0.001). From patients’ perspective those interruptions were more urgent (34.5%) compared with physicians’ perspective (20.6%; P = 0.029). Patients undervalued their impact on consultations (7.1% of interruptions with a negative impact among patients vs. 24.7% among doctors; P &lt; 0.001). Interruptions did not interfere with patients’ satisfaction with consultation (P = 0.135) but were associated with lower physicians’ satisfaction with consultation (P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Physicians are more critical regarding consultations interruptions, being more aware of their incidence and reporting more often a negative impact, which translates into lower satisfaction with interrupted consultations. Patients devalue the occurrence of interruptions, showing no concern about their impact on security or privacy, and their satisfaction is not affected by them.
Deciphering the community structure and the functional potential of a hypersaline marsh microbial mat community
Authors: Pavloudi Christina , Zafeiropoulos Haris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrobial mats are vertically stratified communities of microorganisms characterized by pronounced physiochemical gradients allowing for high species diversity and a wide range of metabolic capabilities. High Throughput Sequencing has the potential to reveal the biodiversity and function of such ecosystems in the cycling of elements. The present study combines 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics on a hypersaline marsh in Tristomo bay (Karpathos, Greece). Samples were collected in July 2018 and November 2019 from microbial mats, deeper sediment, aggregates observed in the water overlying the sediment, as well as sediment samples with no apparent layering. Metagenomic samples’ coassembly and binning revealed 250 bacterial and 39 archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes, with completeness estimates higher than 70% and contamination less than 5%. All MAGs had KEGG Orthology terms related to osmoadaptation, with the ‘salt in’ strategy ones being prominent. Halobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant taxa in the mats. Photosynthesis was most likely performed by purple sulphur and nonsulphur bacteria. All samples had the capacity for sulphate reduction, dissimilatory arsenic reduction, and conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Overall, both sequencing methodologies resulted in similar taxonomic compositions and revealed that the formation of the microbial mat in this marsh exhibits seasonal variation.
Tropical stream microcosms of isolated fungal species suggest nutrient enrichment does not accelerate decomposition but might inhibit fungal biomass production
Authors: Camelo Flávio Roque Bernardes , Tonin Alan M , Salgueiro Laís , Sena Guilherme , Braga Isabela , Medeiros Adriana Oliveira , Gonçalves Júnior José Francisco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Terrestrial leaf litter is an essential energy source in forest streams and in many tropical streams, including Cerrado, litter undergoes biological decomposition mainly by fungi. However, there is a limited understanding of the contribution of isolated fungal species to in-stream litter decomposition in the tropics. Here we set a full factorial microcosms experiment using four fungal species (Aquanectria penicillioides, Lunulospora curvula, Pestalotiopsis submerses, and Pestalotiopsis sp.) incubated in isolation, two litter types (rapid and slow decomposing litter) and two nutrient levels (natural and enriched), all characteristics of Cerrado streams, to elucidate the role of isolated fungal species on litter decomposition. We found that all fungal species promoted litter mass loss but with contributions that varied from 1% to 8% of the initial mass. The fungal species decomposed 1.5 times more the slow decomposing litter and water nutrient enrichment had no effect on their contribution to mass loss. In contrast, fungal biomass was reduced by nutrient enrichment and was different among fungal species. We showed fungal contribution to decomposition depends on fungal identity and litter type, but not on water nutrients. These findings suggest that the identity of fungal species and litter types may have more important repercussions to in-stream decomposition than moderate nutrient enrichment in the tropics.
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Collaboration Among Multiple Caregivers of Older Adults
Authors: Ellis Katrina R , Koumoutzis Athena , Lewis Jordan P , Lin Zhiyong , Zhou Yuanjin , Chopik William J , Gonzalez Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn many families, multiple caregivers support older adults living with dementia. Studying collaboration among caregivers requires consideration of conceptual and methodological issues that have not been fully explored. This study presents a framework for conceptualizing caregiver collaboration and an index that captures variation in collaboration among multiple caregivers within care networks.MethodsWe used data from the 2015 waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) to operationalize collaboration among multiple caregivers (N = 1,298) of 552 care recipients (Mage = 83.69, SD = 7.73; 71.6% women; 47.9% possible/probable dementia; 38.9% people of color).ResultsThe care collaboration index considered individual and overlapping contributions while controlling for the size of the care network (caregivers in network responding to NSOC survey) and total network size (number of caregivers in network) in the statistical model. Larger care networks enabled more collaboration, both in general and across most types of tasks (βs &gt; 0.38). Collaboration was greater among those caring for a Black or Hispanic care recipient, both in general and for household and medical/health tasks specifically (βs &gt; 0.11). Collaboration was also greater among those caring for recipients with probable dementia, both in general and for most tasks (βs &gt; 0.11) but not transportation-related tasks (p = .219).DiscussionResults are examined in the context of care network dynamics and proposed mechanisms linking care collaboration to outcomes for caregivers and recipients. Strengths and limitations of our conceptualization and operationalization of collaboration are discussed.
A simple algorithm for optimal design in distributed fibre-optic sensing
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Hofstede Coen 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARY
We present a basic algorithm for optimal experimental design in distributed fibre-optic sensing. It is based on the fast random generation of fibre-optic cable layouts that can be tested for their cost-benefit ratio. The algorithm accounts for the maximum available cable length, lets the cable pass through pre-defined points of interest, avoids obstacles that the cable must not traverse, permits the adaptation of geometric complexity of different cable segments and allows for the incorporation of topography. Furthermore, the algorithm can be combined with arbitrary measures of the cost-benefit ratio, and its simplicity enables easy adaptations to the needs of specific applications. In addition to a description of the basic concept, we provide examples that illustrate the circumnavigation of obstacles, the steering of geometric complexity and the cable layout optimization in the presence of topographic variations.
Burden of mental distress in the US associated with trust in media for COVID-19 information
Authors: Jalan Madhu , Riehm Kira , Agarwal Smisha , Gibson Dustin , Labrique Alain , Thrul Johannes 
Published: November 2022

Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, news and social media outlets have played a major role in dissemination of information. This analysis aimed to study the association between trust in social and traditional media and experiences of mental distress among a representative sample of US adults. Data for this study came from National Pandemic Pulse, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey that sampled participants on the Dynata platform. Participants included 6435 adults surveyed between 15–23 December 2020. Ordinal logistic regression analyses examined the associations of trust in (i) social media, (ii) print media, (iii) broadcast TV and (iv) cable TV, for COVID-19-related information with self-reported mental distress (4-item Patient Health Questionnaire), controlling for sociodemographics and census region. Compared with those who distrusted social media, those who trusted social media had 2.09 times (95% CI = 1.84–2.37) greater adjusted odds of being in a more severe category of mental distress. In contrast, compared with those who distrusted print media, those who trusted print media had 0.80 times (95% CI = 0.69–0.93) lower adjusted odds of being in a more severe category of mental distress. No significant associations were found between mental distress and trust in broadcast or cable TV for accessing news about COVID-19. Trust in different news outlets may be associated with mental distress during public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should explore mechanisms behind these associations, including adherence to best practices for crisis reporting among different media sources and exposure of individuals to misinformation.
How not to learn from history
Authors: Khong Yuen Foong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article attempts to answer two questions. First, what are the relevant ‘how not tos’ when it comes to learning from history? I argue that from existing accounts of how policy-makers (mis)learn the lessons of history, we can derive four ‘how not tos’: 1) do not settle or fixate on the first, or most ‘available’ or ‘representative’ analogy; 2) do not dismiss differences between your favoured analogy and the case in question; 3) do not neglect alternative analogies; and 4) do not shirk from ‘testing’ the observable implications of your preferred analogy. Second, do policy-makers show awareness of these ‘how not tos’ as they use historical analogies? An examination of how they are using the Cold War analogy to interpret the nature and trajectory of contemporary US–China relations suggest that they seem to have avoided the worst pitfalls of analogical reasoning in foreign affairs. The most prominent users of these historical analogies show awareness of the first three of the above proscriptions; all, however, shy away from the fourth proscription—testing the prognostications of their favoured analogy. Although this is far from perfect, the signs point to the Cold War analogy being used in ways that avoid the general pattern of superficial and poor use documented in existing analyses of analogical reasoning in foreign affairs.
Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery comparable with thoracotomy in perioperative and long-term survival outcomes for non-small-cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant treatment?
Authors: Wang Yi-Feng , Deng Han-Yu , Huang Weijia , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: November 2022

Summary
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery comparable with thoracotomy in perioperative and long-term survival outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer following neoadjuvant therapy intended for anatomical lung resection?’. Altogether 655 papers were found using the reported search, of which 12 studies represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type and relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Almost all of the enrolled cohort studies reported that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was comparable with thoracotomy in negative surgical margin rate, postoperative mortality, complication rate, overall survival and disease-free survival. Moreover, 7 studies found patients in the VATS group had a significantly shorter hospital stay. Furthermore, in these well-matched cohort studies (6 studies), it still held true that VATS was comparable with thoracotomy in long-term prognosis with enhanced recovery. However, the issue regarding surgical radicality and intraoperative conversion to thoracotomy still should be noted carefully among these patients receiving VATS surgery because all the current available evidence was retrospective based on relatively small sample sizes. Nevertheless, thoracic surgeons should not consider VATS inferior to thoracotomy for patients after neoadjuvant treatment. VATS surgery could be an alternative for selected patients with locally advanced but relatively small, peripheral, fewer positive N2 lymph nodes and non-squamous NSCLC intended for anatomic lung resection.
Successful management of complex haemorrhagic pericardial cyst with cirrhosis of liver: a case report
Authors: Lykins Amy J , Garg Pankaj , Fleissner Zachary J , Sareyyupoglu Basar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Haemorrhagic pericardial cysts are rare and may be complicated by encasement of the heart, right heart failure and, rarely, cardiac cirrhosis. Surgical management of complicated cysts is challenging and has poor outcomes. We report a case of successful surgical management of a complicated pericardial cyst presenting with cardiac cirrhosis and the challenges associated with this condition.
One- and Two-Dose Vaccinations With Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Induce Durable B-Cell Memory Responses Comparable to Replicating Smallpox Vaccines
Authors: Ilchmann Heiko , Samy Nathaly , Reichhardt Daniela , Schmidt Darja , Powell Jacqueline D , Meyer Thomas P H , Silbernagl Günter , Nichols Rick , Weidenthaler Heinz , De Moerlooze Laurence , Chen Liddy , Chaplin Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Although modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination is approved for smallpox and monkeypox prevention, immunological persistence and booster effects remain undescribed.

Methods
Participants naive to smallpox vaccination were randomized to 1 dose MVA-BN (1×MVA, n = 181), 2 doses MVA-BN (2×MVA, n = 183), or placebo (n = 181). Participants with previous smallpox vaccination received 1 MVA-BN booster (HSPX, n = 200). Subsets of the formerly naive groups (approximately 75 each) received an MVA-BN booster 2 years later.

Results
Neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased from 1.1 (baseline, both naive groups) to 7.2 and 7.5 (week 4, 1×MVA and 2×MVA, respectively), and further to 45.6 (week 6, 2×MVA after second vaccination). In HSPX, nAb GMT rapidly increased from 21.6 (baseline) to 175.1 (week 2). At 2 years, GMTs for 1×MVA, 2×MVA, and HSPX were 1.1, 1.3, and 10.3, respectively. After boosting in the previously naive groups, nAb GMTs increased rapidly in 2 weeks to 80.7 (1×MVA) and 125.3 (2×MVA), higher than after primary vaccination and comparable to boosted HSPX subjects. Six months after boosting, GMTs were 25.6 (1×MVA) and 49.3 (2×MVA). No safety concerns were identified.

Conclusions
Anamnestic responses to boosting without sustained high nAb titers support presence of durable immunological memory following primary MVA-BN immunization.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00316524 and NCT00686582.