bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid in situ nondestructive evaluation of lodging risk in dryland agronomic wheat research
Authors: Mangin Amy , Heuschele Jo , Brûlé‐Babel Anita , Flaten Don , Wiersma Jochum , Lawley Yvonne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe natural occurrence of lodging in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in small‐plot research aiming to record visual ratings is unpredictable highly dependent on environmental conditions, and does not differentiate between root and shoot lodging. Detailed plant characteristics can be used to indicate lodging risk; however, such measurements are destructive and time‐consuming for projects that are not focused solely on evaluating lodging. The Stalker, a push force meter, can be used nondestructively to rapidly indicate stem strength and elasticity, which may be useful for measuring lodging risk in small‐plot research to indicate both root and shoot lodging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Stalker to detect agronomic management practices that are known to reduce lodging risk (reduced plant density, split nitrogen applications, and plant growth regulator applications). Stalk strength (resisting force) and elasticity (spike displacement, energy, and power) measurements were taken at anthesis and physiological maturity in a small‐plot agronomic research trial. The Stalker was able to identify practices with high and low lodging risk. Lower plant density led to increased stem strength (measured by resisting force) and stem flexibility (measured by spike displacement) compared with high plant densities, indicating a decreased risk of both stem and root lodging when low plant densities were used. Overall, the Stalker is a new tool for rapid and nondestructive measurements of lodging risk in small‐plot agronomic research trials and can indicate both stem and root lodging risk by measuring indicators of both stem strength and elasticity.
The intersection of immigration policy impacts and COVID‐19 for Latinx young adults
Authors: Valdez Carmen R. , Walsdorf Ashley A. , Wagner Kevin M. , Salgado de Snyder V. Nelly , Garcia Deliana , Villatoro Alice P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor many Latinx young adults, COVID‐19 has exposed exclusionary policies that heighten risk for contracting the virus and that leave them and their parents unprotected. This study has a dual purpose; first, to quantitatively examine immigration policy impacts of discrimination, isolation, threats to family, and vulnerability, and their association to economic consequences experienced by Latinx young adults in Central Texas during the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Second, to qualitatively explore how policy impacts affected Latinx young adults during the pandemic, and the coping mechanisms they utilized to minimize these impacts. Quantitative results show that on average, Latinx young adults (N = 83) reported low discrimination and isolation but moderate threats to family and vulnerability, with rates of isolation and vulnerability higher for foreign‐born than U.S.‐born Latinx young adults. Perceived discrimination due to one's own or family immigration status was associated with economic hardship. Qualitative findings show that Latinx young adults (n = 21) experienced (a) precarious conditions that pose a threat of COVID‐19 infection for Latinxs, (b) parental job loss due to vulnerable employment leads to deprivation, and (c) policies that disproportionally discriminate against the Latinx community and exclude them from vital services. Despite these challenges, participants also drew on resilience and expressed hope for the future. The article concludes with implications for policymakers and practitioners to provide protections and services to Latinx young adults and their family members.
Tuning arylation of gold nanoparticles for the electrocatalyzed oxidation of ethanol
Authors: Aghajani Atieh , Santoni Marie‐Pierre , Mirzaei Peyman , Mohamed Ahmed A. , Chehimi Mohamed M. , Jouini Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Alcohol oxidation is important for food industry and pharmaceuticals to name but a few. In this regard, precious metals such as gold operate in various shapes and sizes as effective catalysts for the oxidation of alcohols. In this work, 20‐nm‐sized gold nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and modified with either 4‐carboxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (AB) (single‐salt catalyst) or a mixture of the latter with 3,5‐dimethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (AB‐DMB, double‐salt catalyst). The relative concentrations of the diazonium salts were tuned in order to maintain the electrocatalytic property of the arylated gold NPs in the electro‐oxidation of ethanol. The physicochemical properties (size, aryl layer thickness, and composition) and electrocatalytic performances of the capped gold NPs (in single‐ and double‐salt catalyst systems) were investigated by means of TEM, XPS, UV–visible, TGA/DTA, and electrochemistry. The aryl capping layer thickness is below 1 nm when the total salt concentration was 5 × 10−5 M, without any significant loss of current compared with pure gold NPs. For 1 μl of pristine or arylated Au NPs, coated on 0.07 cm2 glassy carbon electrode disk, we achieved a low oxidation potential of 200 mV and high current ethanol oxidation peak intensity leveling off at ~80 μA for the single diazonium arylation. It is demonstrated that dilution of the carboxylic acid‐functionalized diazonium is more important than mixing this compound with 3,5‐dimethylbenzenediazonium salt at equal total concentration. The dual arylation strategy induced lower ethanol oxidation intensity likely due to hydrophic effect imparted by the 3,5‐dimethylphenyl groups, thus hindering access of ethanol to the nanocatalyst surface. This work demonstrates that arylated gold NPs are unique nanocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction, with remarkable performances. This electrocatalytic performance of the NPs was maintained through the use of finely tuned aryl capping layer. The strategy opens avenues for other arylated electrocatalysts and uses thereof.
Part‐per‐million catalysis of azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction in water using a new ferromagnetic μ1,1‐N3 bridged dinuclear Cu(II) complex
Authors: Mirdarvatan Vahid , Bahramian Bahram , Dehno Khalaji Aliakbar , Bakherad Mohammad , Charles Catherine , Gómez-García Carlos J. , Rezaeifard Amin , Triki Smail 
Published: July 2022

An original copper(II) dimeric compound formulated as [Cu2(μ1,1‐N3)2L2(N3)2].2CHCl3 (1), with L = 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxaldehydebis(p‐iodophenyl‐imine), has been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray structural characterization revealed that this complex displays a centrosymmetric dinuclear structure in which the two Cu(II) centers are connected by double symmetric μ1,1 (end‐on, EO) azido bridges, generating distorted octahedral CuN6 coordination geometry. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a ferromagnetic Cu···Cu coupling with J = 26.7 cm−1 (J being the parameter of the exchange Hamiltonian H = −2JS1S2). The catalytic properties of complex 1 have been evaluated in the one‐pot azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction in water without any additional reducing agents or bases. As expected, the absence of any catalyst did not lead to product formation, whereas when complex 1 was introduced as catalyst, the reaction led to the desired product with different chemical yields (10–98%), for which the highest one (98%) corresponds to the reaction performed in the presence of 125 ppm of 1 in water at 90 C. These optimized parameters have been then taken into account to extend the initial reaction based on benzyl chloride and simple alkyne to different substituted benzyl chloride and alkyne molecules.
Multilayer solution‐processed phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes based on a crosslinkable and solvent‐resistant hole transport material
Authors: Tang Yuan‐Ju , Xie Li‐Ming , Yang Yin‐Chao , Su Wen‐Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with multiple functional layers are favorable for high device performance. However, due to the erosion between functional layers, it is still a great challenge to prepare multilayer devices with a low‐cost solution process. In this manuscript, 4,4′‐bis (4‐vinylphenyl) triphenylamine (VBTPA) can be in‐situ polymerized as the thermally crosslinkable hole transport layer and successfully applied to solution‐processed green light PhOLEDs by spin‐coating method. It had the styryl groups as the thermally crosslinking position and can be crosslinked at 175°C with short crosslinking time (20 min). The high thermal stability (446.0°C), good photoelectric property and excellent solvent resistance and so forth, made the crosslinked VBTPA achieve a good device performance in solution‐processed PhOLEDs. The turn‐on voltage was 6.1 V, the maximum luminance was 8271 cd m−2 and the maximum current efficiency was 12.4 cd A−1. It indicated that the hole transport material with styryl groups as the thermally crosslinking position can be crosslinked under lower temperature (<200°C) for shorter time and applied to the preparation of multilayer solution‐processed stacked PhOLEDs.
Atmospheric pressureplasma‐jettreatment of polyacrylonitrile‐nonwovens—Stabilization androll‐to‐rollprocessing
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas , Rohrbach Felix , Uhl Matthias , Ceblin Maximilian , Bauer Thomas , Mallah Marcel , Jacob Timo , Heuermann Holger , Kuehne Alexander J. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon nanofiber nonwovens represent a powerful class of materials with prospective application in filtration technology or as electrodes with high surface area in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. While new precursor‐to‐carbon conversion processes have been explored to overcome productivity restrictions for carbon fiber tows, alternatives for the two‐step thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are absent. In this work, we develop a continuous roll‐to‐roll stabilization process using an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet. We explore the influence of various plasma‐jet parameters on the morphology of the nonwoven and compare the stabilized nonwoven to thermally stabilized samples using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. We show that stabilization with a non‐equilibrium plasma‐jet can be twice as productive as the conventional thermal stabilization in a convection furnace, while producing electrodes of comparable electrochemical performance.
One‐step synthesis of composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene microgranules and Co@Fe2O3‐FeF2 nanoparticles
Authors: Yurkov Gleb Yu. , Kozinkin Alexander V. , Shvachko Oleg V. , Kubrin Stanislav P. , Ovchenkov Evgeny A. , Korobov Maxim S. , Kirillov Vladislav E. , Osipkov Alexey S. , Makeev Mstislav O. , Ryzhenko Dmitry S. , Solodilov Vitaly I. , Burakova Elena A. , Bouznik Vyacheslav M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the structure and magnetic characteristics of Co@Fe2O3‐FeF2 nanoparticles localized on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene microgranules. It is the first time that nanocomposite materials of this composition were obtained. The average size of the nanoparticles was established by transmission electron microscopy and amounted to 10.9 nm. According to the data of energy dispersive analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy, and EXAFS, it was found that the particles consist of a metallic cobalt core surrounded by a surface shell of Fe2O3 and FeF2, due to the oxidation of surface iron atoms and their interaction with the polymer matrix, respectively. The studies of magnetic properties showed that the material has blocking temperature of 200 K and residual magnetization in the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K.
Changes in molecular mobility of sorbitol plasticized starch during aging
Authors: Fričová Ol'ga , Hutníková Mária 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermoplastic corn starch with 0.4 parts by weight of sorbitol plasticizer was studied using dynamic‐mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) to assess the changes in molecular mobility during a period of 26 weeks of storage. Motional heterogeneity of this thermoplastic starch (TPS) was found even after a short aging time by means of DMTA. Besides the glass transition processes in starch‐rich and plasticizer‐rich domains, other relaxation processes appear in TPS samples aged for a longer time. Sorbitol release and/or some moisture uptake was observed in 1H NMR spectra of long‐aged samples. After the whole monitored aging period, sample surfaces were covered with white powder due to sorbitol leakage from the TPS structure.
Harnessing aquatic plant growth forms to apply European nutrient‐enrichment bioindicators to Canadian waters
Authors: Tyrrell Christopher D. , Chambers Patricia A. , Culp Joseph M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseAquatic macrophyte species abundance and nutrient affinity are used in metrics to assess the trophic condition of lakes and rivers. The development of these indices is often regional, with inter‐regional comparisons being complicated by the lack of taxonomic overlap. Here, we use a traits‐based approach to expand the geographic scope of existing metrics.MethodsWe generalized European trophic affinity values using the response of plant growth form to the light–nutrient gradient, then applied these values to sites in Canada. We evaluated the method's performance against the measured total phosphorus concentration (TP).ResultsFree‐floating and emergent growth forms were associated with enriched waters (>0.2 mg/L TP), whereas rosette forms were associated with oligotrophic conditions (<0.05 mg/L TP). The responses were longitudinally consistent, and the site scores among indices were highly collinear. Growth form–based scores were more strongly correlated with TP than were species‐based scores (0.42–0.56 versus 0.008–0.25).DiscussionWe leveraged the ecological relationship between increased surface water nutrient enrichment and the dominance of particular aquatic plant growth forms to generalize aquatic plant trophic indices. We demonstrated an approach for adapting species‐based indices to plant traits to facilitate a broader geographic application and simpler data collection, which could be used to develop an easily applied trait‐based method of assessing water nutrient status.
Observer‐based control for high order delayed systems with an unstable pole and a pole at the origin
Authors: Barragan‐Bonilla Luis Alberto , Márquez‐Rubio Juan Francisco , Del Muro Cuéllar Basilio , Vázquez‐Guerra Rocio Jasmin , Martínez Claude 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTime delays in dynamical systems are challenging when trying to control them. One of the most common techniques consists in estimating one or more signals of interest before they are delayed, in order to use them in the control stage. In this work, an observer‐based control strategy for unstable linear systems with a pole at the origin and delay is suggested. Also, the proposed observer is extended to be used in the case of a high order unstable delayed system. Likewise, the conditions to ensure the existence of the proposed observer‐predictor are presented. A methodology is introduced to obtain the observer parameters. The proposed observer scheme makes use of a Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative control that makes it possible to ensure the tracking of step‐type references and the rejection of disturbances of the same type in the closed‐loop system.
Advancing Raman model calibration for perfusion bioprocesses using spiked harvest libraries
Authors: Romann Patrick , Kolar Jakub , Tobler Daniela , Herwig Christoph , Bielser Jean‐Marc , Villiger Thomas K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRaman spectroscopy has gained popularity to monitor multiple process indicators simultaneously in biopharmaceutical processes. However, robust and specific model calibration remains a challenge due to insufficient analyte variability to train the models and high cross‐correlation of various media components and artifacts throughout the process.Main MethodsA systematic Raman calibration workflow for perfusion processes enabling highly specific and fast model calibration was developed. Harvest libraries consisting of frozen harvest samples from multiple CHO cell culture bioreactors collected at different process times were established. Model calibration was subsequently performed in an offline setup using a flow cell by spiking process harvest with glucose, raffinose, galactose, mannose, and fructose.Major ResultsIn a screening phase, Raman spectroscopy was proven capable not only to distinguish sugars with similar chemical structures in perfusion harvest but also to quantify them independently in process‐relevant concentrations. In a second phase, a robust and highly specific calibration model for simultaneous glucose (root mean square error prediction [RMSEP] = 0.32 g L−1) and raffinose (RMSEP = 0.17 g L−1) real‐time monitoring was generated and verified in a third phase during a perfusion process.ImplicationThe proposed novel offline calibration workflow allowed proper Raman peak decoupling, reduced calibration time from months down to days, and can be applied to other analytes of interest including lactate, ammonia, amino acids, or product titer.
A behavioral and molecular study; ameliorated anxiety‐like behavior and cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress treated with oregano extract
Authors: Mohseni‐Moghaddam Parvaneh , Dogani Manijeh , Hatami Motahare , Roohollahi Samira , Amiresmaeli Azam , Askari Nayereh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveChronic stress is considered a severe risk factor leading to various disorders, including anxiety and cognitive decline. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Origanum vulgare (oregano) extract on improving anxiety‐like behavior and learning and memory defection caused by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).MethodA 10‐day CUS protocol was executed on male rats, and on day 10, their anxiety, learning, and memory status were evaluated. After that, in addition to the CUS, the rats were treated with the oregano extract for 2 weeks. Then, the expression of BDNF, TrkB, and TLR2/4 genes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the rats was evaluated. Also, the liver‐ and kidney‐related serum parameters, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, creatinine, urea, serum glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were assessed. Further, the extract's lethal effect and its impact on animals’ body weight were investigated.ResultsBehavioral tests confirmed the anxiety‐like behavior and learning–memory function impairment caused by CUS. In contrast, the administration of the extract could significantly alleviate the mental deficiencies and diminished anxiety‐like behaviors. Molecular assessments showed that CUS could markedly decrease the BDNF and TrkB genes’ expression levels while increasing that of TLR2 and TLR4. In contrast, in extract‐treated animals, mRNA levels of BDNF and TrkB considerably increased, yet TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels reduced. Additionally, consumption of the extract caused weight gain, while having no lethality and detrimental effect on the liver and kidneys functions.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the anxiolytic properties of the extract and its improving effect on cognitive dysfunction.
Electrochemically Accessing ROS‐Related Cytotoxicity through the Oxygen Reduction Reaction to Identify Antimicrobial Agents**
Authors: Cui Wei , Zhao Yuhua , Han Yanyang , Wang Xiumin , Guan Rengui , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Tao , He Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are often believed to play a significant role in antimicrobial actions of inorganic materials. However, processes to generate ROS, in particular charge transfer routes, remain unclear and warrant further study. Building a dual‐electrochemical workstation setup, herein we interpreted ROS‐related cytotoxicity by monitoring oxygen reduction reactions on materials’ surfaces. We found that inorganic substances can gain electrons from surrounding microbes and donate them to molecular oxygen. The cytotoxicity property is thus highly associated with materials’ electrocatalytic activity and selectivity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We assessed various of inorganic substances, such as ZnO, Ag, Au, Pt, and TiO2, with results in good agreement on their apparent cytotoxicity. Our electrochemical method explored a unique route to access materials’ ROS‐related cytotoxicity. This will not only allow to fast screen antimicrobial agents among massive samples, but also enhance many ROS‐involved applications by generating ROS on purpose.
Efficient Water Cleaning by Self‐standing Carbon Nitride Films Derived from Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Li Junyi , Dor Snir , Barrio Jesús , Shalom Menny 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe design of efficient self‐standing hybrid systems for water purification that combines good adsorption properties with high photodegradation ability is highly challenging owing to the difficulty in simultaneously controlling the band structure and porosity of a semiconductor while maintaining its self‐standing nature. Here, we report the synthesis of carbon‐rich carbon nitride self‐standing filters from supramolecular hydrogels composed of melamine and cyanobenzoic acid. The influence of the chemical structure on the properties of the hydrogels and the final films was studied by tuning parameters such as monomer nature, molar ratio, and pyrolysis temperature. Thanks to their ability to combine the adsorption and photodegradation of organic pollutants, the prepared self‐standing films showed remarkable activity and stability in flow conditions (>95 % efficiency after 10 consecutive cycles). Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the films was assessed in the powder form for the hydrogen evolution reaction and photocurrent generation in a photoelectrochemical cell. The reported work opens opportunities for the controlled synthesis of multifunctional filters for water purification and other energy‐related and sustainable technologies.
Effect of external wall defect growth on internal wall corrosion of oil pipelines under mechano‐electrochemical interaction
Authors: Zhang Zhuwu , Zhang Jiuhong , Ding Mingchao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe corrosion mechanism of X80 steel in simulated solutions of acid red soil and product oil sediment under mechano‐electrochemical interaction (MEI) was researched to build a new finite element model through multi‐physical field coupling simulation technology. Based on the new model, the effect of external wall defect growth on the internal wall corrosion of oil pipelines was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the distributions of stress and corrosion of the internal wall were extremely affected by the external wall defect depth, and the corrosion rate of the internal wall was enlarged remarkably by the external wall defect growth. Moreover, attributing to the local galvanic cell effect under MEI, the growth rates of corrosion defects in the depth and length directions of the external defect were accelerated because these directions were associated with larger stress and equivalent to the anode, but the corrosion rate in the width direction of the external defect was inhibited because this direction was associated with smaller stress and equivalent to the cathode.