bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Different Genetic Adaptations of Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis isolate 1JN2 in Response to Cd2+ treatment
Authors: Yang Wei , Yan Haixia , Dong Guanghui , Li Zhengpeng , Jiang Chunhao , Gu Dalu , Niu Dongdong , Zhou Danni , Luo Yuming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biofilm plays important roles in the life cycle of Bacillus species, such as promoting host and object surface colonization and resisting heavy metal stress. This study utilized transcriptomics to evaluate the impacts of cadmium on the components, morphology, and function of the biofilms of Bacillus subtilis strain 1JN2. The morphology of the B.subtilis 1JN2 biofilm flattened, and its mobility increased under cadmium ion stress. Moreover, differential gene expression analysis showed that the main regulator of biofilm formation, Spo0A, decreased under cadmium ion stress, thereby inhibiting extracellular polysaccharides synthesis through the SinI/SinR two-component regulatory system and the AbrB pathway. Cadmium ion treatment also increased the SigD content significantly, thereby increasing the expression of the flagella encoding and assembly genes of the strain. This promoted poly-γ-glutamic acid production via the DegS/DegU two-component regulatory system and conversion of biofilm extracellular polysaccharide to poly-γ-glutamic acid. This conferred cadmium stress tolerance in the strain. Additionally, the cadmium ion-mediated changes in the biofilm composition did not affect the colonization of the host plant roots and biocontrol activity of the strain. Cadmium ions also induced surfactin synthesis by the strain. These findings illustrate the potential of Bacillus species as biocontrol strains that can help mitigate plant pathogenic infections and heavy metal stress. The results also provide a basis for the screening of multifunctional biocontrol strains.
Access to Healthcare for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Scoping Review
Authors: McNeill Miss Sarah , O’Donovan Diarmuid , Hart Nigel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have poorer physical and mental health than the general population. They are also more likely to have less access to healthcare. These processes of access can be better understood using Levesque’s access framework which addresses both supply (service provision) and demand (user abilities). Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, electronic peer-reviewed databases were searched in February 2022 for studies published since 2000 related to access to healthcare for PEH ages 16 and older in the UK and Ireland. Retrieved articles were screened and those eligible were selected for data extraction. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included. Results: Fifty-six papers out of 538 identified were selected and aliased. Six main themes were identified: staff education, flexibility of systems, service coordination, patient preparedness, complex health needs and holistic care. These relate to the Levesque access framework.Conclusions: Improving access to healthcare for PEH requires changes to how services are provided and how service-user abilities are supported.
Stress and Coping Among Nursing Students During The Introductory Internships Training
Authors: Lee Chin-Ting 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Introductory internships are essential in the nursing profession. Nursing students are often new to nursing and caregiving and are learning to deal with many different people and situations. As a result, they are exposed to many types of stress in their internship. Strategies to cope with these stressors are crucial because the stressors can negatively impact the students’ learning and performance. The objective of this study was to examine the stressors in introductory internships and the coping strategies employed by first-time nursing interns. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 266 nursing students from a junior college of medicine, nursing, and management in northern Taiwan. A questionnaire that consisted of the participants’ basic information, a stress of internship scale, and a coping strategies scale was administered to the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical software.Results: The stress of assignments and workloads was the primary stressor perceived by the interns (2.81 ± 0.79). The overall status of stressors in the internship program was at a moderate level, with a mean of 2.43 (SD = 0.52). However, the students tended to adopt ineffective coping strategies more frequently when they perceived a high level of stress from nursing personnel (r = .12, p < .05), peers (r = .15, p < .05), lack of professional knowledge and skills (r = .14, p < .05), internship environment (r = .15, p < .05) and overall stress of the clinical internship program (r = .17, p < .01).The most common coping strategy used was problem-based coping (3.0 ± 0.48), followed by ineffective coping strategies and emotion-focused coping.Conclusions: The results of this study shed light on the stressors exposed to first-time nursing interns and the coping strategies used by the students. The findings can serve as a reference for college educators and clinical instructors to teach the students how to cope with the stress of their internship through positive and active strategies.
Historical Prevalence of Infectious Diseases and Adaptation to Climate change: does Institution matter?
Authors: MESSONO OMANG OMBOLO , Seabrook Arthur Mveng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigates how the historical prevalence of infectious diseases influences vulnerability to climate change through institutional quality. The study uses ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares estimation techniques with data from 145 countries for the period 1990 to 2015. Our study shows that the historical prevalence of infectious diseases influences, directly and indirectly, vulnerability to climate change. First, the historical prevalence of infectious diseases increases vulnerability to climate change. Second, this increasing effect decreases with the protection against expropriation risks. Therefore, countries with a high prevalence of historical infectious diseases should strengthen the protection against expropriation risks to mitigate the historical roots of climate change vulnerability.JEL Classification : B15 ; Q54 ; Q58 ; I10
Spatial Cell Type Enrichment Predicts Mouse Brain
Connectivity
Authors: Sun Shenghuan , Torok Justin , Mezias Christopher , Ma Daren , Raj Ashish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A fundamental question in neuroscience is whether and how the brain’s molecular, cellular and cytoarchitectonic properties
govern its inter-regional structural connectivity. Several recent studies have leveraged spatial transcriptomic data to infer
the mouse mesoscale connectome with high accuracy, indicating that there is a strong biological link between whole-brain gene expression and inter-regional connectivity. However, despite the fact that cells are the fundamental biological units forming and maintaining white-matter tracts, the question of whether and which regional cell-type distributions determine patterns of structural connectivity, has received scant attention. Such a link has been previously postulated, but the lack of a comprehensive spatial atlas of cell types in the mouse brain has prevented its direct investigation. Here, we utilize recent advances in whole-brain mapping of a variety of neuronal and non-neuronal subtypes using the Matrix Inversion and Subset Selection (MISS) algorithm to model inter-regional connectivity as a function of regional cell-type composition with various machine learning approaches. Of the different machine learning models we tried, the random forest algorithm was the only method to give excellent performance at predicting both the binary existence or absence of a connection and the connectivity density between region-pairs. Moreover, using feature importance analysis, we found that oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells were the most salient for reconstructing the whole-brain connectome and correlated strongly with several node-level connectome graph metrics. We also found that layer-specific excitatory neurons contributed most for predicting long-range connectivity, while several interneuron subtypes were highly informative for predicting short-range connectivity. Prediction accuracy was similar across two independently sampled sets of cell types, indicating that cell-type distributions are a robust predictor of inter-regional connectivity. Taken together, our results provide the first demonstration of a link between whole-brain cell-type distributions and the structural connections between regions, and provide a road map for examining this relationship in other species, including humans.
The expression of respiratory tract virus in pediatric glomerular disease: a retrospective study of 45 renal biopsy in China
Authors: Lin Li , Li Lu , Cao Yao , Peng Xin , Wu Yi , Yu Ping , Dong LiQun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The correlation of respiratory tract virus infection with pediatric glomerular disease paid more attention. However, biopsy-proven pathological evidence of virus infection in children with glomerular disease was rare. This study was aimed to detect whether and which type respiratory virus were present in renal biopsy of glomerular diseases. Methods: We performed the multiplex PCR to detect the broad spectrum of respiratory tract virus in the renal biopsy (n=45) from children with glomerular diseases and specific PCR for verifying their expression. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in medical records.Results: In those case series, 45 out of 47 renal biopsy specimens were included, with 37.8% males and 62.2% females. All of the participants had indications that suggest a kidney biopsy. Respiratory syncytial virus was found in 80 percent of the samples. The RSV subtypes were then identified in various pediatric glomerular diseases. There were 16 RSVA positives, 5 RSVB positives, and 15 RSVA/B positives, accounting for 44.4 %, 13.9%, and 41.7%, respectively. 62.5% of RSVA positive specimens were nephrotic syndrome specimens.Conclusions: Respiratory tract virus, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, is expressed in renal tissues in patients with glomerular disease. This study provides new insight into identifying respiratory tract virus in renal tissue, which could help us improve diagnose and treat pediatric glomerular disorders.
Regulated and Unregulated Emission analysis in a LHR engine powered by Diesel/Soyabean biodiesel blends
Authors: Daniel SAMUELRAJ , Sriram Jaichandar , Venu Harish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sustainability of using methyl ester generated from the Soya bean as an important fuel used in a CI engine is investigated in this study. This research also implies that Soya bean methyl ester ( SBME) is a bean ,which provides protein milk and components to various people and chemical industrial applications.In fiscal year 2022, India is expected to utilise over five million metric tonnes of soybean oil. A significant percentage of this volume was brought into the nation from abroad. SBME is mixed with SBME under various volumetric basis of (10-20-30-40-100)% and its characterization were investigated according to ASTM criteria for biodiesel applications. In a single cylinder engine running with (DF100) at average speed (here 1500 rpm), the performance parameters, combustion and emission parameters (regulated and unregulated) properties of the prepared test fuels were evaluated experimentally. As per test findings, the Thermal efficiency(TE), UBHC, CO, and smoke exhausts of a 20 percent SBME + 80 percent SBME fuel blend were comparable to SBME fuel. SBME mixes, on the other hand, resulted in slightly greater Carbondioxide and Nitrogen dioxide emissions. In unregulated emissions, SBME mixtures in SBME shows that a reduction in acetaldehyde and toluene emissions. Inspite of, formaldehyde and acetone discharges were used. As the amount of SBME in the SBME blend increased, so fuel blends were prepared with the proportion of SBME in the mix. SBME had a lower heat release rate and in-cylinder pressure than SBME fuel at heavy load.
Mammalian karyopherins (KPNAs) as potential biomarkers of prognosis and immune invasion in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Cuifeng , Wang Bing , Shi Lianghui , Wu Zehui , Zhao Haiyuan , Zhang Chengxiong , Xin Baoshan , Luo Bin , Zheng Yong , Lu Jiaju , Zhu Lianghui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the common malignancies in the world. Studies of the KPNAs proteins’ participation in gastric cancer are still lacking. Materials and methods: The transcript levels and differential expression relating to tumor stage of KPNAs were analyzed through oncomine dataset and the Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis dataset. Experimental validation of mRNA and protein of KPNAs in non-malignant gastric mucosal tissues versus gastric cancer tissues was carried out using RT-qPCR, WB, and IHC. The prognostic value of KPNAs was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The association of KPNAs with immune invasion was assessed via the TIMER dataset. Mutations in the KPNAs family of genes were analyzed using the cBioportal dataset. In addition, inter-protein interactions expressed by the KPNAs family factors were analyzed using the String dataset, GeneMANIA. Finally, R software was adopted to analyze GO/KEGG functional enrichment of the KPNAs family factors. Results: The study illustrated that the transcript levels of KPNAs factors were elevated in GC tissues, both in mRNA and protein expression. The increased expression level of KPNA1/4/5/7 was linked to poor OS, FP and PPS. Further, it was noted that all KPNAs were linked to invasion of B-cell and the invasion of CD8+ T-cell was linked to KPNA2/3/4 expression. GO/KEGG enrichment assessment data of the KPNAs family estimated the functional role of the target host genes and biological processes showed that the observed changes were mainly cellular components, and molecular functions. Further, the cBioPortal online tool indicated that overexpression of mRNA was the most frequent alteration. Lastly, the String dataset, GeneMANIA dataset revealed that the KPNAs family factors have interactions in nuclear protein import. Conclusion: The results of the present research work showed that KPNAs might provide novel insights into potential biomarkers of prognosis along with immune invasion in GC.
Alkali salts of amino acids as alkaline additives for neutralization of acidic corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Naundorf Tim , Seddig Tom , Ruf Erik , Kipphardt Helmut , Maison Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Amino alcohols, typically derived from an oil-based value chain, are frequently used as alkaline additives for neutralization of acidic corrosion inhibitors in industrial metal working fluids. The criterions for selection of these additives have changed in the last decades and are nowadays not only performance driven, but influenced by ecological considerations, toxicity and regulatory standards. We present amino acids as functional, nontoxic, non-hazardous, non-volatile, chemically stable and cheap alkaline additives for common acidic corrosion inhibitors. The resulting mixtures have been evaluated for Co, Ni and Cu-leaching and were analyzed by chip-filter assay, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance measurements and gravimetry for corrosion protection of iron and steel in aqueous environment at slightly alkaline pH. Of several amino acids tested, Glu and Tau were found to synergistically interact with several acidic corrosion inhibitors of the carboxylic acid and the phosphonic acid type. Glu had a particularly positive impact on the protective properties of phosphonic acids with low hard water compatibility and served as an antiscalant. Tau had also a positive effect on the anticorrosive properties of several acidic corrosion inhibitors and lead to low levels of Co and Ni-leaching. Glu and Tau might thus serve as commercially and ecologically attractive substitutes for current alkaline additives to acidic corrosion inhibitors.
Maternal Morbidity: Inventory Feasibility and Acceptability of Measurement Tools at the Level of Marrakech-morocco
Authors: Hababa Hanane , Assarag Bouchra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The measurement of less severe maternal morbidity represents many challenges for women during pregnancy and postpartum, and for the organization of health services. In order to explore the different aspects of the feasibility and acceptability of implementing morbidity measurement tools at the primary health care network level, a qualitative and quantitative mixed descriptive study was conducted at the level of the primary health care network in the prefecture of Marrakech. The objectives are: (1) to test the tools for measuring maternal morbidity less severe proposed by the WHO and describe the state of play of this morbidity, (2) to study the feasibility and acceptability of integrating these tools into the Pregnancy and Childbirth Surveillance Program inMarrakech, and (3) to validating and proposing a new tool adapted to our Moroccan context. The data were collected by questionnaires administered face-to-face for 257 women in antenatal care and 253 women in postpartum care recruited at the level of ten health centers. Most of the women who participated in the study (55.95% antenatal and 52.17% postpartum care) were not in good health. Of these women, 35.79% had direct complications and 33.85% indirect (medical) complications. In terms of feasibility, the results suggest that the implementation of the tools presents challenges in terms of time, resources and coordination. Regarding the acceptability of the WMOs, the women surveyed perceive it as a useful information tool that promotes communication with health professionals and makes it possible to assess their state of health and ensure their holistic care.
Targeted inhibition of upregulated sodium-calcium exchanger in rat inferior colliculus suppresses alcohol withdrawal seizures
Authors: Akinfiresoye Luli R , Newton Jamila , Suman Shubhankar , Datta Kamal , N'Gouemo Prosper 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC) is critical in initiating acoustically evoked alcohol withdrawal-induced seizures (AWSs). Recently, we reported that systemic inhibition of Ca2+ entry via the reverse mode activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCXrev) suppressed AWSs, suggesting remodeling of NCX expression and function, at least in the IC the site of AWS initiation. Here, we probe putative changes in protein expression in the IC of NCX isoforms, including NCX type 1 (NCX1), 2 (NCX2), and 3 (NCX3). We also evaluated the efficacy of targeted inhibition of NCX1rev and NCX3rev activity in the IC on the occurrence and severity of AWSs using SN-6 and KB-R943, respectively. We used our well-characterized alcohol intoxication/withdrawal model associated with enhanced AWS susceptibility. IC tissues from the alcohol-treated were collected 3 hours (before the onset of AWS susceptibility), 24 hours (when AWS susceptibility is maximal), and 48 hours (when AWS susceptibility is resolved) following alcohol withdrawal; in comparison, IC tissues from the control-treated group were collected at 24 hours after the last gavage. Analysis shows that NCX1 protein levels were markedly higher 3 and 24 hours following alcohol withdrawal. However, NCX3 protein levels were only higher 3 hours following alcohol withdrawal. The analysis also reveals that intra-IC microinjection of SN-6 (but not KB-R7943) markedly suppressed the occurrence and severity of AWSs. Together, these findings indicate that NCX1 is a novel molecular target that may play an essential role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AWSs.
Probiotic ameliorating effects of altered GABA/glutamate signaling in a rodent model of autism
Authors: Bin-Khattaf Rawan M. , Alonazi Mona A. , Al-Dbass Abeer M. , Almnaizel Ahmad T. , Aloudah Hisham S. , Soliman Dina A. , El-Ansary Afaf 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of pathological conditions, mainly of genetic origin, characterized by stereotyped behavior, marked impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication, social skills, and cognition. Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalances have been recorded as an etiological mechanism of ASD. Furthermore, GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult life is known to be much lower in both patients and rodent models of ASD.
Methods:
In the present study, forty young male western Albino rats, 3–4 weeks in age, weighing about 60–70 g were used. The animals were randomly assigned into six experimental groups; each of them included eight rats. Group (I) serves as control orally given phosphate-buffered saline. Groups (II, III) serve as a rodent model of ASD, orally administered a neurotoxic dose of PPA. The rats in the three therapeutic groups (IV, V, and IV) received the same doses of PPA followed by 0.2 g/kg body weight of pure Bifidobacterium infantis, the probiotic mixture of (ProtexinR), and pure Lactobacillus bulgaricus respectively for three weeks. Selected variables related to oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and gut bacteria were measured in the six studied groups.
Results:
Both pure or mixed Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were effective in ameliorating glutamate excitotoxicity as an autistic feature developed in the PPA-induced rodent model. Their therapeutic effects were mostly through, the correction of oxidative stress, restoring the depleted GABA neurotransmitter, and up-regulating the gene expression of GABA receptors. Pure Bifidobacterium was the most effective followed by the mixture of probiotics, and finally lactobacillus.
Conclusion:
Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli could be used either independently or in combination as psycho-biotics to ameliorate oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity as two confirmed etiological mechanisms through the gut-brain axis.
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological day surgery under remimazolam general anesthesia：A randomized double-blind controlled study
Authors: YI Fuxia , xiao Hongyi , Zhu Teng , Man Yan , Ji Fanceng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To observe the effect of different antiemetic drugs for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)after gynaecological day surgery under remimazolam general anesthesia.Methods:192 patients were selected for gynaecological day surgery and randomly divided into three groups: droperidol group (DD group) , tropisetron group (DT group) and control group (DC group).Flurbiprofen axetil 50mg and dexamethasone 5mg were given intravenously before induction of anesthesia, and 2 minutes later droperidol 1mg was given intravenously to the DD group, tropisetron 5mg to the DT group and saline (5ml) to the DC group. Induction of anesthesia: remimazolam 6mg/kg/h was continuously pumped to sleep, mivacurium 0.2mg/kg and alfentanil 20ug/kg were slowly pushed, 3 minutes later intubation was performed to control breathing. Maintenance of anesthesia: 40ug/kg/h of alfentanil, 1mg/kg/h of remimazolam continuous infusion. After awakening and extubation, the patient was transferred to the PACU. PONV were recorded in the PACU and an electronic questionnaire was pushed 24 h after surgery.Results: The incidence of PONV within the PACU was significantly lower in the DD (14.5%)and DT(26.7%) groups than in the DC(50%) group (p<0.01),there was no significantly difference between the DT and DD groups. There were no significant difference in the incidence of PONV in 24 h after surgery between the three groups(DD:DT:DC=44.5%:45.1%:63.8%,p>0.05).Conclusions: Droperidol or tropisetron combined with dexamethasone is superior to dexamethasone alone for the prevention of PONV in the PACU after remimazolam combined with alfentanil anesthesia, with no significant difference in the incidence of PONV in 24 h after surgery.