bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the use of alcohol—A critical overview of the state‐of‐the‐art biomarkers
Authors: Van Uytfanghe Katleen , De Boosere Evy , Stove Christophe P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of alcohol, despite it being a psychoactive substance, is widely accepted. This acceptance and the ease of access may lead to alcohol abuse and dependence. Misuse of alcohol is one of the leading causes of preventable illness, injury or death, has social consequences, and can be linked to various types of criminal activities. Upon monitoring alcohol consumption, the question is not necessarily solely whether or not someone is or was abstinent, but may also imply what kind of drinking behavior or patterns are displayed. To reveal the answer, a portfolio of different biomarkers for alcohol (ab)use has been established. A distinction is made between indirect and direct markers. Indirect biomarkers are proteins, enzymes, or cells of which the level or activity undergoes typical changes as a result of (excessive) alcohol intake [e.g., carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT)], while direct biomarkers are ethanol itself and molecules which are directly related to the metabolism of alcohol [e.g., ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulphate (EtS), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth)]. These direct biomarkers have the potential to differentiate between drinking behaviors because they allow a higher sensitivity and specificity, in particular for the detection of abstinence or any drinking, and because they can be measured in different matrices, with different detection windows. These assets open the possibilities for testing strategies based on a combination of different markers that can be used both in retrospective and prospective assessments of alcohol intake.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Alcohol
Algorithm Recommendation for Data Streams
Authors: Brazdil Pavel , van Rijn Jan N. , Soares Carlos , Vanschoren Joaquin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on metalearning approaches that have been applied to data streams. This is an important area, as many real-world data arrive in the form of a stream of observations. We first review some important aspects of the data stream setting, which may involve online learning, non-stationarity, and concept drift.
Transfer of Knowledge Across Tasks
Authors: Vilalta Ricardo , Meskhi Mikhail M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis area is often referred to as transfer of knowledge across tasks, or simply transfer learning; it aims at developing learning algorithms that leverage the results of previous learning tasks. This chapter discusses different approaches in transfer learning, such as representational transfer, where transfer takes place after one or more source models have been trained. There is an explicit form of knowledge transferred directly to the target model or to the meta-model. The chapter also discusses functional transfer, where two or more models are trained simultaneously. This situation is sometimes referred to as multi-task learning. In this approach, the models share their internal structure (or possibly some parts) during learning. Other topics include instance-, feature-, and parameter-based transfer learning, often used to initialize the search on the target domain. A distinct topic is transfer learning in neural networks, which includes, for instance, the transfer of a part of the network structure. The chapter also presents the double loop architecture, where the base-learner iterates over the training set in an inner loop, while the metalearner iterates over different tasks to learn metaparameters in an outer loop. Details are given on transfer learning within kernel methods and parametric Bayesian models.
Combining Base-Learners into Ensembles
Authors: Giraud-Carrier Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses ensembles of classification or regression models, because they represent an important area of machine learning. They have become popular as they tend to achieve high performance when compared with single models. Besides, they also play an essential role in data-streaming solutions. This chapter starts by introducing ensemble learning and presents an overview of some of its most well-known methods. These include bagging, boosting, stacking, cascade generalization, cascading, delegating, arbitrating and meta-decision trees.
One-loop determination of τ → π(K)ντ [γ] branching ratios and new physics tests
Authors: Arroyo-Ureña M. A. , Hernández-Tomé G. , López-Castro G. , Roig P. , Rosell I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We calculate the ratios Rτ/P≡ Γ (τ → Pντ [γ]) /Γ (P → μνμ [γ]) (P = π, K) at one loop following a large-NC expansion where Chiral Perturbation Theory is enlarged by including the lightest resonances and respecting the short-distance behavior dictated by QCD. We find δRτ/π = (0.18 ± 0.57)% and δRτ/K = (0.97 ± 0.58)%, where the uncertainties are induced fundamentally by the counterterms. We test the lepton universality, obtaining |gτ/gμ|π = 0.9964 ± 0.0038 and |gτ/gμ|K = 0.9857 ± 0.0078, and analyze the CKM unitarity, getting results at 2.1σ and 1.5σ from unitarity via |Vus/Vud| and |Vus|, respectively. We also update the search for non-standard interactions in τ decays. As a by-product, we report the theoretical radiative corrections to the τ → Pντ [γ] decay rates: δτπ = −(0.24 ± 0.56)% and δτK = −(0.15 ± 0.57)%.
High energy lepton colliders as the ultimate Higgs microscopes
Authors: Banerjee Shankha , Gupta Rick S. , Ochoa-Valeriano Oscar , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study standard electroweak/Higgs processes at the high-energy lepton colliders ILC and CLIC. We identify a subset of three operators in the SMEFT that give leading contributions to these processes at high energies. We then perform a ‘high-energy fit’ including these operators. Our final bounds surpass existing LEP bounds and HL-LHC projections by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we find that these colliders can probe scales up to tens of TeV, corresponding to the highest scales explored in electroweak/Higgs physics.
A comprehensive study on meltpool depth in laser-based powder bed fusion of Inconel 718
Authors: Khorasani Mahyar , Ghasemi AmirHossein , Leary Martin , Cordova Laura , Sharabian Elmira , Farabi Ehsan , Gibson Ian , Brandt Milan , Rolfe Bernard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne problematic task in the laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) process is the estimation of meltpool depth, which is a function of the process parameters and thermophysical properties of the materials. In this research, the effective factors that drive the meltpool depth such as optical penetration depth, angle of incidence, the ratio of laser power to scan speed, surface properties and plasma formation are discussed. The model is useful to estimate the meltpool depth for various manufacturing conditions. A proposed methodology is based on the simulation of a set of process parameters to obtain the variation of meltpool depth and temperature, followed by validation with reference to experimental test data. Numerical simulation of the LB-PBF process was performed using the computational scientific tool “Flow3D Version 11.2” to obtain the meltpool features. The simulation data was then developed into a predictive analytical model for meltpool depth and temperature based on the thermophysical powder properties and associated parameters. The novelty and contribution of this research are characterising the fundamental governing factors on meltpool depth and developing an analytical model based on process parameters and powder properties. The predictor model helps to accurately estimate the meltpool depth which is important and has to be sufficient to effectively fuse the powder to the build plate or the previously solidified layers ensuring proper bonding quality. Results showed that the developed analytical model has a high accuracy to predict the meltpool depth. The model is useful to rapidly estimate the optimal process window before setting up the manufacturing tasks and can therefore save on lead-time and cost. This methodology is generally applied to Inconel 718 processing and is generalisable for any powder of interest. The discussions identified how the effective physical factors govern the induced heat versus meltpool depth which can affect the bonding and the quality of LB-PBF components.
Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasia After Surgery
Authors: Begum Nehara , Hunold Hannah , Gerdes Berthold , Keck Tobias , Waldmann Annika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) are rare and complex, with surgery as key therapy even in cases with metastasis. Little is known regarding the quality of life, prevalence of depression, anxiety and the impact of surgery.MethodsThis prospective, follow‐up study included 90 consecutively recruited patients with NEN after surgery in a university hospital. The EORTC QLQ‐C30, EORTC QLQ‐GI‐NET.21, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and a hospital specific questionnaire were completed during follow‐up after 3 to 5 years (t1–t5).ResultsMean age was 54 (SD 15) years, 13% had secondary malignancies and 11% had psychiatric diagnoses (depression n = 8, schizophrenia n = 2) pre‐existent. Critical life events occurred in 51% within 5 years before diagnosis. Surgery was done in curative intention in 82% and R0‐resection rate was 90%. The median survival was 25.3 years. The 10‐year survival rate was 87%, 98%, 95% and 26% for all patients (n = 90), stage I/II (n = 45), stage III (n = 25) and stage IV (n = 20), respectively (p < .001). Anxiety score was pathological in 30% after 1 year (t1) and in 10% after 5 years, depression score in 25% (t1) and 30% (t5). Fatigue and muscle/body pain were elevated symptoms with > 50 and 40 points 3 years after surgery.ConclusionDepression rate remains high whereas anxiety declines over time. Fatigue and muscle/body pain were identified as relevantly elevated after surgery. Systematic screening and supportive therapy should be implemented during follow‐up after surgery.
Optimal temperature and Mn content for enhancing optical properties and inducing room temperature ferromagnetism of Mn doped In2O3 nanocubes
Authors: Awad M. A. , Rabia Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this strategy, chemical vapor deposition technique is utilized to synthesize undoped and Mn doped In2O3 nanostructures. Temperature effects on oxygen content, doping level and the associated morphological, structural, optical and magnetic properties have been investigated. The surface morphology examinations showed the ability of manganese ions to catalyze the nanoflakes of undoped In2O3 to grow into nanocubes. An appropriate proposal for the growth mechanism has been elucidated. X-ray diffraction proved that Mn doping enhanced the growth of In2O3 along different crystallographic planes with preferred growth of the (222) plane. The strain and dislocation density were decreased while grain sizes were increased with increasing Mn content. The optical analysis showed reduction in transmission that was related to oxygen vacancies in undoped In2O3 and phase separation in doped samples. The optical band gap values were decreased from 3.82 to 3.71 eV with increasing Mn content whereas the refractive index values were increased. The magnetic response elucidated the optimal temperature and Mn content for inducing the room temperature ferromagnetism.
Webbasierte Genexpressionsanalysen – auf dem Weg zur molekularen Entschlüsselung gesunder und erkrankter Augengewebe
Authors: Wolf Julian , Lapp Thabo , Reinhard Thomas , Agostini Hansjürgen , Schlunck Günther , Lange Clemens 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Entschlüsselung des Transkriptoms hat in den letzten Jahren unser Verständnis zahlreicher Erkrankungen verbessert. Öffentlich zugängliche Datenbanken, wie z. B. die Gene Expression Omnibus-Datenbank des National Center for Biotechnology Information, sammeln Transkriptomrohdaten aus einer Vielfalt von Proben, ohne jedoch dem bioinformatischen Laien einen intuitiven Zugang zu den Daten zu gewähren. Daher wurden in den vergangenen Jahren spezielle Transkriptomdatenbanken programmiert, die eine benutzerfreundliche Web-basierte Datenanalyse ermöglichen und damit niederschwellig molekulare Einblicke in okuläre Gewebe ermöglichen.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuell verfügbaren okulären Transkriptomdatenbanken zu geben und diese mit dem in Freiburg neu etablierten Human Eye Transcriptome Atlas zu vergleichen.

Methoden
Literatursuche in PubMed.

Ergebnisse
Neun okuläre Transkriptomdatenbanken mit unterschiedlichem Anwendungsschwerpunkt wurden identifiziert. Die Plattformen iSyTE und Express spezialisieren sich auf die Genexpression während der Linsen- und Netzhautentwicklung der Maus, wohingegen retina.tigem.it, Eye in a Disk und Spectacle ihren Fokus auf einzelne okuläre Gewebe wie die Netzhaut legen. Spectacle, UCSC Cell Browser und Single Cell Portal erlauben die intuitive Exploration von Einzelzell-RNA-Sequenzierungsdaten von Netzhaut‑, Aderhaut‑, Kornea‑, Iris‑, Trabekelmaschenwerk- und Skleragewebe. Die Microarray-Profile verschiedener gesunder okulärer Gewebe werden in der Ocular Tissue Database bereitgestellt. Der Human Eye Transcriptome Atlas erfasst derzeit die größte Vielfalt an Augengeweben und Erkrankungen des Auges. Er zeichnet sich durch einen hohen Qualitätsstandard aus, der durch methodische Homogenität erreicht wird.

Schlussfolgerungen
Okuläre Transkriptomdatenbanken bieten einen umfassenden und intuitiven Einblick in die Transkriptionsprofile verschiedener gesunder und erkrankter Augengewebe. So verbessern sie unser Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden molekularen Krankheitsprozesse, unterstützen die Hypothesengenerierung und helfen bei der Suche nach neuen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Zielen für verschiedene Augenerkrankungen.
Language does arithmetic: linguistic differences in children’s place-value processing
Authors: Kraut Christina , Pixner Silvia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe representation and retrieval of multiplication facts is dependent on linguistic specificities such as number word inversion (i.e., 23 is spoken dreiundzwanzig in German which translates to three and twenty). Previous research has evaluated these language influences in adults. Now this study aims to follow-up on earlier findings and takes a closer look at inversion-related effects on place-value processing during multiplication in children. In a task of choice 46 children, either German- or Italian-speaking, had to pick the right answer out of two options for a given multiplication problem. Already established effects in adult participants such as decade-consistency and table-relatedness were also present in elementary school children, but different between the language groups. For decade-consistent items the effect of table-relatedness was larger for Italian-speaking students than for German-speaking. This indicates that the inversion property in the German language leads to those children putting less emphasis on the tens digit when solving multiplication problems, than Italian-speaking children.
Community-identified risks to hunting, fishing, and gathering (harvesting) activities from increased marine shipping activity in Inuit Nunangat, Canada
Authors: van Luijk Nicolien , Carter Natalie Ann , Dawson Jackie , Parker Colleen , Grey Kayla , Provencher Jennifer , Cook Alison 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid increase in marine shipping activity in Inuit Nunangat (i.e. in settled land claim regions of Arctic Canada), propelled by climate change and international interest in Arctic maritime trade, has heightened concerns among Inuit communities about the risks that more ships could pose for sustainable and subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering (berries, plants, eggs, etc.) (referred to as harvesting in this article) activities considered vital for cultural well-being and local livelihoods. As part of the Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices project, (www.arcticcorridors.ca) a series of workshops, focus groups, and interviews were conducted in and with 14 communities across Inuit Nunangat that involved 133 marine experts and 59 youth community researchers. In this paper, we present the concerns identified by Inuit and local marine users about the risks of increased shipping activity specifically with respect to harvesting activities and then identify governance needs that could support sustainability. Results of the study are organised by three major risk themes: (1) Marine ecosystem contamination and degradation; (2) Disruption to harvesters’ travel and safety; and (3) Interference and disturbance of wildlife. All of these risks negatively impact harvesting activities in Inuit Nunangat. Considering the region is expected to be ice-free in summer by the end of the twenty-first century and that subsistence harvesting is crucial to the well-being of Inuit and northern communities, it is vital that research on this topic be conducted and then considered within ongoing Arctic governance and co-governance efforts.
TNF-α inhibitor tanfanercept (HBM9036) improves signs and symptoms of dry eye in a phase 2 trial in the controlled adverse environment in China
Authors: Dong Yanling , Wang Shuang , Cong Lin , Zhang Ting , Cheng Jun , Yang Nannan , Qu Xiaohong , Li Dongfang , Zhou Xueying , Wang Holly , Lee Michael , Wang Meng , Chen Stephen , Ousler George W. , Chen Xiaoxiang , Xie Lixin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated the clinical safety and efficacy of tanfanercept (HBM9036) ophthalmic solution as a novel treatment for dry eye disease (DED) in a controlled adverse environment (CAE) study conducted in China.

Methods
In a single-center, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 100 patients received 0.25% tanfanercept, or placebo, twice daily for eight weeks. A mobile international CAE® DE Model was used for patient selection with a standardized challenge endpoint. Primary efficacy endpoint was fluorescein inferior corneal staining score (ICSS) pre- to post-CAE challenge from baseline. Secondary endpoints included Schirmer’s Tear Test, Tear-Film Break-Up Time, Ocular Discomfort Score, Ora Calibra® Ocular Discomfort and 4-Symptom Questionnaire, total corneal staining score (TCSS), and drop comfort. Signs and symptoms were assessed both pre- and post-CAE to evaluate the efficacy of tanfanercept on both environmental and CAE endpoints.

Results
The tanfanercept treatment group showed improvement in ICSS pre- to post-CAE change from baseline scores when compared to placebo (− 0.61 ± 0.11 and − 0.54 ± 0.11, respectively; mean difference = 0.07, p = 0.65). TCSS pre–post-CAE change from baseline scores was also in favor of active when compared to placebo (− 1.03 ± 0.21 and − 0.67 ± 0.21, respectively; mean difference = 0.37, p = 0.23). Schirmer’s score improvement was demonstrated in favor of active (1.87 ± 0.62 mm) as compared to placebo (1.28 ± 0.62 mm; mean difference = 0.59 mm, p = 0.50). Change from baseline in mean Tear-Film Break-up Time favored active treatment over placebo (mean difference = 1.21 s, p = 0.45). Notably, the tanfanercept showed more obvious benefits for each DED sign in a subgroup of subjects ≥ 35 years of age. Tanfanercept was well tolerated with no serious adverse events occurring during the study.

Conclusion
Tanfanercept demonstrated improvements in favor of active as compared to placebo in the signs of DED, being safe and well tolerated. These data support further evaluation of tanfanercept for the treatment of DED in China.

Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04092907) on September 17, 2019.
The COVID-19 resilience of a continental welfare regime - nowcasting the distributional impact of the crisis
Authors: Sologon Denisa M. , O’Donoghue Cathal , Kyzyma Iryna , Li Jinjing , Linden Jules , Wagener Raymond 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the COVID-19 resilience of a Continental welfare regime by nowcasting the implications of the shock and its associated policy responses on the distribution of household incomes over the whole of 2020. Our approach relies on a dynamic microsimulation modelling that combines a household income generation model estimated on the latest EU-SILC wave with novel nowcasting techniques to calibrate the simulations using external macro controls which reflect the macroeconomic climate during the crisis. We focus on Luxembourg, a country that introduced minor tweaks to the existing tax-benefit system, which has a strong social insurance focus that gave certainty during the crisis. We find the system was well-equipped ahead of the crisis to cushion household incomes against job losses. The income-support policy changes were effective in cushioning household incomes and mitigating an increase in income inequality, allowing average household disposable income and inequality levels to bounce back to pre-crisis levels in the last quarter of 2020. The share of labour incomes dropped, but was compensated by an increase in benefits, reflecting the cushioning effect of the transfer system. Overall market incomes dropped and became more unequal. Their disequalizing evolution was matched by an increase in redistribution, driven by an increase in the generosity of benefits and larger access to benefits. The nowcasting model is a “near” real-time analysis and decision support tool to monitor the recovery, scalable to other countries with high applicability for policymakers.
Binding Out of Relative Clauses in Native and Non-native Sentence Comprehension
Authors: Felser Claudia , Drummer Janna-Deborah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPronouns can sometimes covary with a non c-commanding quantifier phrase (QP). To obtain such 'telescoping' readings, a semantic representation must be computed in which the QP's semantic scope extends beyond its surface scope. Non-native speakers have been claimed to have more difficulty than native speakers deriving such non-isomorphic syntax-semantics mappings, but evidence from processing studies is scarce. We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring experiment and an offline questionnaire investigating whether native and non-native speakers of German can link personal pronouns to non c-commanding QPs inside relative clauses. Our results show that both participant groups were able to obtain telescoping readings offline, but only the native speakers showed evidence of forming telescoping dependencies during incremental parsing. During processing the non-native speakers focused on a discourse-prominent, non-quantified alternative antecedent instead. The observed group differences indicate that non-native comprehenders have more difficulty than native comprehenders computing scope-shifted representations in real time.
Italian healthcare organizations facing new dimensions: changes in governance structure
Authors: Romiti Anna , Del Vecchio Mario , Milani Chiara , Sartor Gino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrivate and public organizations facing merger processes may consider reconfiguring the size, composition, and mechanisms used by the strategic apex. In Italian local health organizations (LHOs), the strategic apex had to face challenges arising from an increase in size and its impacts on different governance areas. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of the top management team in shaping the conditions of governance, and link these conditions to certain internal and external characteristics of the specific LHO and to the behavior and vision of the CEO. The study used qualitative techniques to examine the cases of three of the largest Italian LHOs that had undergone merger processes in recent years. The results show how changes in the organizational size impact the structure and mechanisms of the strategic apex. In particular, this study identifies three main governance strategies.