bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Active Region Magnetogram Generation by Attention Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Sun Wenqing , Xu Long , Zhang Yin , Zhao Dong , Zhang Fengzhen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Learning the mapping of magnetograms and EUV images is important for understanding the solar eruption mechanism and space weather forecasting. Previous works are mainly based on the pix2pix model for full-disk magnetograms generation and obtain good performance. However, in general, we are more concerned with the magnetic field distribution in the active regions where various solar storms such as the solar flare and coronal mass ejection happen. In this paper, we fuse the self-attention mechanism with the pix2pix model which allows more computation resource and greater weight for strong magnetic regions. In addition, the attention features are concatenated by the Residual Hadamard Production (RHP) with the abstracted features after the encoder. We named our model as RHP-attention pix2pix. From the experiments, we can find that the proposed model can generate magnetograms with finer strong magnetic structures, such as sunspots. In addition, the polarity distribution of generated magnetograms at strong magnetic regions is more consistent with observed ones.
Magnetic sphincter augmentation: laparoscopic or robotic approach?
Authors: Maharsi Safa , Lipham John C , Houghton Caitlin C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)—the pathologic reflux of gastric contents into the distal esophagus—is the most common benign disorder of the esophagus. Its incidence is at 10–20% of the Western population and it yearly cost of treatment in the USA in 9.3 billion dollars. Although first line treatment for the disorder is medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors, an estimated 30–40% of patients will continue to experience medically refractory GERD. In this population anti-reflux surgery can be offered. Traditional anti-reflux surgery is done via the Nissen fundoplication, a technically difficult surgery with uncomfortable side effects of bloating and inability to belch. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) of the lower esophagus via the LINX device was introduced a less technically challenging alternative to the Nissen. The LINX provides fewer side effects of bloating and inability to belch and has been adapted widely to the practice of anti-reflux surgery. In this paper we discuss the progression of surgical practices with the LINX, including an analysis of the laparoscopic and robotic approaches to MSA device implantation.
Circadian metabolism regulates the macrophage inflammatory response
Authors: Sun Yulong , Jiang Wenjiao , Horng Tiffany 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of the innate immune system and coordinate host defense to microbial infections, as well as shaping the remodeling response after tissue injury. Metabolism is now appreciated to be a powerful and pervasive regulator of the identity and function of macrophages. Upon exposure to microbial ligands, macrophage inflammatory activation and the associated induction of phagocytosis, inflammatory responses, and other host defense activities are supported by dynamic changes to cellular metabolism. Of note, metabolic activity is robustly regulated in a circadian fashion, with many metabolic processes displaying peak activity in one phase of the circadian cycle and trough activity in an antiphase manner. Here, we review recent findings suggesting that circadian metabolism influences macrophage activities and particularly the inflammatory response. First, we summarize macrophage activities known to display time-of-day–dependent variation and their mechanistic basis. Second, we review metabolic processes that have been shown to be rhythmically regulated in macrophages and discuss how such circadian metabolism affects or is likely to affect macrophage activities. Third, we discuss the concept of entrainment of the macrophage clock, and consider how loss of rhythmic regulation of macrophage activities may contribute to pathophysiological conditions like shift work, obesity, and aging. Finally, we propose that circadian metabolism can be used to understand the rationale and mechanistic basis of dynamic regulation of inflammatory responses during infection.
Vaccination as an Equaliser? Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Prioritisation and Compensation
Authors: Günther Christian , Tonti Lauren , Domenici Irene 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article assesses the equity of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in three jurisdictions that have historically taken different approaches to the institutionalisation of equity considerations. The Sars-Cov-2 pandemic has thrown into sharp relief persistent societal inequalities and has added novel dimensions to these problems. Certain groups have proved particularly vulnerable, both in terms of infection risk and severity as well as the accompanying social fallout. Against this background the implementation of ‘objective’ vaccination programmes may seem like a great leveller, addressing the disparate risks that are tied to social determinants of health and the pandemic behemoth. However, implementing vaccination programmes in an equitable manner is itself essential for the realisation of such a vision. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the English, Italian, and American jurisdictions and critically assesses two aspects of their vaccination frameworks: (i) the prioritisation of groups for vaccination and (ii) the nature of public compensation schemes for those who have suffered vaccine-related injuries. It examines whether and to what extent these measures address the inequalities raised by COVID-19 and the role of the law in this pursuit.
Factors associated with impaired physical function in elderly rheumatoid arthritis patients who had achieved low disease activity
Authors: Komiya Yoji , Sugihara Takahiko , Hirano Fumio , Matsumoto Takumi , Kamiya Mari , Sasaki Hirokazu , Hosoya Tadashi , Kimura Naoki , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Mori Masaaki , Tohma Shigeto , Yasuda Shinsuke , Matsui Toshihiro 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
We aimed to investigate factors associated with impaired physical function [defined as Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) &gt;0.5] of old-old (aged 75–84 years) patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods
Data from 15,185 rheumatoid arthritis patients in the National Database of Rheumatic Disease in Japan were extracted from 2017 to 2018. We enrolled 3708 patients aged 55–84 years in Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) ≤11 and Steinbrocker Stage I/II. Factors associated with HAQ-DI &gt;0.5 were analysed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results
About half of the old-old patients received methotrexate, which was lower than middle-aged (55–64 years) and young-old patients (65–74 years). The proportion of glucocorticoids in the old-old patients was highest among the three groups, and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were similarly used. The prevalence of HAQ-DI &gt;0.5 was significantly higher in old-old patients with low disease activity than in those with remission. The same was true in the middle-aged and young-old patients. Multivariable analysis showed age, higher SDAI, glucocorticoid use, and methotrexate nonuse were significantly associated with HAQ-DI &gt;0.5 in the old-old patients.

Conclusions
Achieving SDAI remission was an ideal goal for old-old patients in terms of physical function. Glucocorticoids and a low proportion of methotrexate use may influence the physical function of old-old patients.
Clinical and immunological effects of hydroxychloroquine in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite antirheumatic treatment
Authors: Takei Hiroshi , Takanashi Satoshi , Otomo Kotaro , Hanaoka Hironari , Kikuchi Jun , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Yoshimoto Keiko , Abe Takayuki , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kaneko Yuko 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Patients with active RA, despite conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), were recruited. HCQ was administered for 24 weeks, in addition to prior treatment. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 at Week 24, compared to that of a propensity score–matched historical control group.

Results
Sixty patients were enrolled and administered HCQ. We also identified 276 patients as candidates for the historical control group. Propensity score matching yielded 46 patients in each group. The proportion of patients achieving ACR20 at Week 24 was significantly higher in the HCQ group than in the control group (54.4% vs. 28.3%, P = .007). The proportion of patients achieving ACR50 and ACR70 at Week 24 were also higher in the HCQ group than in the control group (ACR50, 30.4% vs. 4.3%, P = .006; ACR70, 17.4% vs. 0%, P = .005). Neither HCQ retinopathy nor any new safety signal was observed during the study.

Conclusion
The addition of HCQ to csDMARDs was effective, with no new safety signal in patients with RA.
EYE RADIATION DOSE SAVING IN HEAD CT EXAMINATIONS USING COPPER-BISMUTH RADIATION SHIELD
Authors: Keshtkar Mohammad , Blouri Basir , Mahmoudabadi Alireza , Alami Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to fabricate a new shield with an optimal combination of copper and bismuth to protect the eyes in the head computed tomography (CT) examinations without compromising image quality. Radiation shields with different compositions were constructed. Computed Tomography Dose Index phantom was used to evaluate the effectiveness of shields in dose reduction and their impact on image quality quantitatively. The shield that caused the least noise in the phantom study was selected for human study. The 10%Bi-90%Cu shield had the least effect on increasing the image noise, and also no remarkable artifact was seen in the CT image of the phantom. The patient study showed that only in 25% of the study group the artifact was observed so that it did not distort the interpretation of the image. It can be concluded that the 10%Bi-90%Cu shield is flexible and durable and would be safely used in the clinic to reduce the eye radiation dose in head CT imaging without compromising image quality.
Measuring Personalization, Embodiment, and Congruence in Online Learning: A Validation Study
Authors: Cook David A. , Skrupky Lee P. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Instructional designs promoting personalization (conversational style and visible author), embodiment (human-like mannerisms and presence), and social and cognitive congruence have been shown to enhance learning. However, measurements of these instructional design features are lacking. The authors sought to develop and validate an instrument to measure personalization, embodiment, and congruence in an online course, collecting evidence of content, internal structure, and relationships with other variables.

Method
Through literature review, expert review, and pilot testing, the authors developed a 15-item, 5-domain instrument. Participants completed this instrument along with assessments of motivation (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire), knowledge, and course satisfaction immediately after a 30-minute online multimedia learning module comprising slides with voiceover and (for some participants) short video clips, from January to April 2021. Participants included pharmacists, physicians, and advanced practice providers at academic and community hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine model fit, followed by structural revisions guided by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and tested in a new CFA using a split-sample approach. The authors evaluated associations between the revised instrument scores and motivation, knowledge, and satisfaction.

Results
There were 406 participants. CFA of the original 15-item instrument revealed poor model fit. EFA using 214 randomly selected participants suggested a 2-domain structure. CFA of the revised structure using the other 192 participants revealed good fit for a 9-item, 2-domain instrument: the Congruence–Personalization Questionnaire (CPQ). Linear regression confirmed positive, statistically significant associations for most hypothesized relationships (R2 ≥ 0.12 and P < .001 for 14 of 18 associations with motivation and satisfaction). Associations with knowledge were weak and nonsignificant (R2 ≤ 0.004, P > .23).

Conclusions
Evidence of content, internal structure, and relationships with other variables support the validity of CPQ scores for measuring personalization and congruence in an online module.
Are There Signs of Enthesitis in Nail Psoriasis? An Immunohistological Study of Nail Psoriasis With and Without Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Perrin Christophe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The concept of nail psoriasis as an entheseal-driven disease has essentially been formulated on the basis of radiological findings because it is usually not possible to obtain the tissue directly from the joints. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the histological features of isolated nail psoriasis with and without distal interphalangeal psoriatic arthritis (PsA), focusing on the question as to whether the fascia and adipose tissue surrounding the apex of the nail unit genuinely show an inflammatory infiltrate. In support of the nail-enthesitis theory, an ongoing inflammatory infiltrate could be expected. An immunohistochemical study was performed to evaluate the distribution and phenotype of the inflammatory infiltrate in nail psoriasis with and without PsA. This study did not show an inflammatory infiltrate in the fascia connecting the nail to the extensor tendon. CD8 and CD4 subsets were present in equal number in the nail dermis of nail psoriasis with or without PsA, which is a similar distribution to that seen in psoriatic synovium while skin psoriasis is characterized by a dermal predominance of CD4 T lymphocytes. Because of this study and recent microanatomic studies of the normal nail unit, it is possible to move away from a purely anatomic explanation of the strong association between nail psoriasis and PsA and to propose immunological factors as contributory. This study provides support for the hypothesis that CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nail psoriasis through a pathogenic pathway similar to that of PsA and contrasting with that of the skin.
Rosuvastatin alleviates renal injury in cardiorenal syndrome model rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways
Authors: Zhou Biye , Ao Qiangguo , Zhao Hua , Ye Ping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiorenal syndrome is increasingly common and has been reported to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, and statins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, we designed this experiment to study the preventive effect of statins on cardiorenal syndrome. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of early rosuvastatin use on cardiorenal syndrome.

Method
Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. A unilateral nephrectomy group (Group 1), a unilateral nephrectomy + coronary ligation group (Group 2), and a unilateral nephrectomy + coronary ligation + rosuvastatin group (Group 3). Right kidney removal was performed on all rats during the first week, while Group 3 was given statin intragastric administration at 10 mg/kg/d. One month later, coronary ligation was performed on rats in Groups 2 and 3. Group 3 continued statin treatment. After feeding for 3 months and 2 days, the rats were killed; urine and blood were collected and sent to the laboratory for the determination of the urinary protein/creatinine ratio and blood lipid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels, respectively. Serum interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, angiotensin II, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C, and B natriuretic peptide levels were also determined. On the day before euthanasia, all rats were anesthetized and examined by cardiac ultrasound. Hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining were performed on heart and kidney sections.

Results
The ejection fraction in Group 2 was lower than that in Group 1 (P < 0.01). The ejection fraction value in Group 3 was lower than that in Group 1 (P < 0.01). Interleukin-1β levels in Group 2 were higher than those in Group 1 (P < 0.01). Interleukin-1β levels in Group 3 were lower than those in Group 2 (P < 0.01). The malondialdehyde value in Group 3 was lower than that in Group 2 (P < 0.05). Histopathology showed that Group 1 had slight renal damage, renal injury was aggravated in Group 2, and renal injury was still present in Group 3, but with alleviated morphology.

Conclusion
The interaction of the heart and kidneys in rats is related to inflammation and oxidation. Rosuvastatin can slow down the development of the heart-kidney interaction through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Improving screening for major depressive disorder
Authors: Sharp Lauren K. , Montgomery Susan L. , Williams Russell W. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depression affects up to 20% of primary care patients and negatively affects patients' mental and physical health.

Local Problem:
At a primary care clinic, a review of 291 patient records revealed that no patients were being screened for depression using a validated and reliable tool.

Methods:
The problem was addressed through the implementation of a depression screening and management protocol based on the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Processes used were recommended by the American College of Preventive Medicine and Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement.

Interventions:
This project implemented a protocol to screen, treat, and manage patients with depression at this primary care clinic. Analysis compared preimplementation and postimplementation metrics, including the number of patients screened for depression, newly diagnosed with depression, offered antidepressants, offered referral, and managed with follow-up.

Results:
Implementing a depression screening and management protocol in this clinic significantly increased depression screenings, the percent of patients newly diagnosed with depression, and the number of patients offered treatment.

Conclusion:
This quality improvement (QI) project improved screening, diagnosis, and management of patients with depression in this primary care clinic. A future QI project for this clinic should focus on measures to track improvements in patients with depression at this primary care clinic.
High incidence of newly diagnosed obstructive coronary artery disease regardless of chest pain detected on pre-procedural cardiac computed tomography angiography in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Herczeg Szilvia , Simon Judit , Szegedi Nándor , Karády Júlia , Kolossváry Márton , Szilveszter Bálint , Balogi Bernadett , Nagy Vivien K. , Merkely Béla , Széplaki Gábor , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Gellér László 
Published: December 2022

Background
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is often performed before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation to map atrial and pulmonary anatomy. Incident coronary artery disease (CAD) may also be diagnosed during cardiac CT angiography (CTA). Our aim was to assess whether coronary CTA might be able to identify a significant proportion of patients with obstructive CAD prior to their catheter ablation procedure event, even in asymptomatic patients.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing pre-ablation coronary CTA for atrial fibrillation between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively selected. Patients with previously diagnosed CAD were excluded. Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% luminal stenosis. We analyzed the relationship between obstructive CAD, any chest pain, and traditional risk factors.

Results
Overall, 2321 patients [median age 63.0 (54.4–69.2), 1052/2321 (45.3%) female] underwent coronary CTA and 488/2321 (21.0%) were diagnosed with obstructive CAD. There was no difference regarding the rate of obstructive CAD in patients with any chest pain compared to patients without any chest pain [91/404 (22.5%) vs. 397/1917 (20.7%), P = 0.416, respectively). The following parameters were associated with obstructive CAD: age > 65 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.02–3.13; P < 0.001), male sex (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28–1.98; P < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08–1.81; P = 0.012), diabetes (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.13–1.99; P = 0.006), dyslipidaemia (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07–1.66; P = 0.011) and history of smoking (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07–1.68; P = 0.011).

Conclusions
The high prevalence of obstructive CAD even in patients without chest pain highlights the importance of additional coronary artery diagnostics in patients undergoing left atrial CTA awaiting catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. These patients regardless of chest pain thus may require further risk modification to decrease their potential ischemic and thromboembolic risk.
Infusion Appointment Self‐Management Among Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Crume Bonnie , Mitchell Paul D. , Fishman Laurie N. 
Published: December 2022

Objective:Adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are in vulnerable positions for lapses in care as they transition from pediatric to adult practices. As biologic agents become a mainstay of treatment for these patients, it is important to ensure that responsibility for tasks related to scheduling, remembering, and transporting to infusion appointments for intravenous biologics are mastered prior to transition. This ensures preservation of therapy and disease control.Methods:We surveyed 236 adolescents and young adults with IBD aged 13–22 years receiving infusion‐based biologic therapy at outpatient infusion visits at Boston Children’s Hospital from February to May 2021. The questionnaire asked the ideal and actual ages that patients take responsibility for scheduling their infusion appointments, remembering their infusion appointments, and transporting to their infusion appointments.Results:We received 168 completed survey questionnaires. The ideal reported mean age for independence was 17.9 ± 1.7 years across all 3 tasks. Among 80 patients 18 years and older, 44 (55%) were independently scheduling their appointments, 63 (79%) were keeping track of their appointments, and 43 (54%) were getting to their appointments independently.Conclusions:Adolescent and young adult patients with IBD ideally would independently manage biologic infusion related tasks prior to the age of 18 years, as this is the natural age that many move away from the homes of their parents/guardians. Our study demonstrates that just over half of patients 18 years or older independently manage their infusion appointments. This is an educational opportunity that has implications for health outcomes of patients with IBD.