bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of cambium initiation and patterning in woody stem.
Authors: Wang Congpeng , Liu Naixu , Geng Zhao , Ji Meijing , Wang Shumin , Zhuang Yamei , Wang Dian , He Guo , Zhao Shutang , Zhou Gongke , Chai Guohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wood formation involves sequential developmental events requiring the coordination of multiple hormones. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in wood development, but little is known about the cellular and molecular processes that underlie wood formation in tree species. Here, we generated transgenic poplar lines with edited PdBRI1 genes, which are orthologs of Arabidopsis vascular-enriched BR receptors, and showed how inhibition of BR signaling influences wood development at the mRNA and/or proteome level. Six Populus PdBRI1 genes formed three gene pairs, each of which was highly expressed in basal stems. Simultaneous mutation of PdBRI1–1, −2, −3 and − 6, which are orthologs of the Arabidopsis vascular-enriched BR receptors BRI1, BRL1 and BRL3, resulted in severe growth defects. In particular, the stems of these mutant lines displayed a discontinuous cambial ring and patterning defects in derived secondary vascular tissues. Abnormal cambial formation within the cortical parenchyma was also observed in the stems of pdbri1–1;2;3;6. Transgenic poplar plants expressing edited versions of PdBRI1–1 or PdBRI1–1;2;6 exhibited phenotypic alterations in stem development at 4.5 months of growth, indicating that there is functional redundancy among these PdBRI1 genes. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of pdbri1–1;2;3;6 stems revealed differential expression of a number of genes/proteins associated with wood development and hormones. Concordant (16%) and discordant (84%) regulation of mRNA and protein expression, including wood-associated mRNA/protein expression, was found in pdbri1–1;2;3;6 stems. This study found a dual role of BRs in procambial cell division and xylem differentiation and provides insights into the multiple layers of gene regulation that contribute to wood formation in Populus.
African experiences and alternativity in International Relations theorizing about security
Authors: Danso Kwaku , Aning Kwesi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deconstructing International Relations (IR) episteme acknowledges its generation of power imbalances in security knowledge that relegate African experiences to the margins of global politics. Central to this process of relegation is a pervasive ‘methodological whiteness’, which, while eliding coloniality and racism, projects white experience as a universal perspective. Accompanying this Eurocentric bias has been the intrusive projection of the Weberian state as the most effective site for security governance and conflict prevention on a continent with states that are characterized by a hybridity of political orders, which deviate substantially from the ideal-type state that they seek to mimic. Not only has this resulted in disastrous policies in many parts of Africa, but critical questions arise as to the relevance of conventional IR and security studies as neutral sites for dispassionate knowledge production and policy-making on African security, thereby necessitating alternative perspectives. This article reflects on the ways in which IR and security studies have been responsible, in part, for the production of a racialized mode of security knowledge generation that obfuscates the security policies and experiences of people in African locales. It draws on insights from post-colonial discourses and the episteme of alternativity to explore how the study of events and processes in Africa in a theoretically conscious manner could advance IR scholarship as a whole. It contends that incorporating African experiences as they manifest through hybrid security orders can broaden the empirical base for IR theorizing about security since they offer another perspective outside the conventional western assumptions and experiences.
The coloniality of Holocaust memorialization in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Antweiler Katrin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article investigates local endeavours for Holocaust memory in post-apartheid South Africa in their relation to global memory imperatives that are, among others, produced by supranational organizations such as UNESCO and the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. Drawing on a larger case-study on globalized memory, I analyse to what extent a generalized mnemonic framework is reflected in South Africa's 2007 curriculum reform, namely its inclusion of the Holocaust and subsequent memory politics. In order to illuminate the coloniality of memorialization, I trace the epistemic location of the narrative that suggests that Holocaust memory nourishes democratic values and human rights—maybe even more so than local memories of violence and oppression such as colonization and apartheid. In this regard, I found that while many activists for Holocaust memory continuously and sometimes uncritically advocate for its global implementation, a decolonial perspective enables us to understand the power dynamics constitutive of universal moral norms around Holocaust memory that tacitly transmit global demands to local contexts. I therefore suggest that, within the global colonial matrix of power, a universally advised practice of memorializing the Holocaust to specific ends can be regarded as a technique of governmentality, because it risks limiting utopian thought beyond the Euro-modern paradigm.
Obedient rebellion: conceiving the African nuclear weapon-free zone
Authors: Mpofu-Walsh Sizwe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Why do nuclear weapon-free zones (NWFZs)—areas which prohibit nuclear weapons—emerge in some contexts, and not others? Focusing on the African case, this article introduces the concept of ‘obedient rebellion’ to explain the African NWFZ's early conception. ‘Obedient rebellion’ is an attitude of ambivalence toward global nuclear order. To newly-decolonizing African states, the African NWFZ symbolized both postcolonial anti-nuclear solidarity and nuclear responsibility; it represented both ‘obedience’ to—and ‘rebellion’ against—global nuclear order. This ambivalence, between ‘obedience’ and ‘rebellion’, paradoxically accommodated multiple conflicting audiences simultaneously, thereby stabilising the zone. The African NWFZ's ambiguous meanings made it viable, even though those meanings conflicted. The zone's early conception offers insight into the complex, contending forces that continue to bind the world's NWFZs—and indeed nuclear order itself—to the present. NWFZs epitomize the tensions which stabilize nuclear order: between sovereign equality and nuclear inequality; between local solidarities and global loyalties; and between contestation and compromise. At first, these tensions seem to imperil NWFZs; in fact, these tensions stabilize NWFZs. The African zone also poses challenges to the African blind spot that continues to exist in International Relations theory.
From discourse to practice: Orientalism, western policy and the Arab uprisings
Authors: Gani Jasmine K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ten years on since the Arab uprisings we are in a position to assess how the nexus between knowledge, discourse and practice had a bearing on the trajectory of the protests. They represented hope and change for millions of Arabs in the region, but to what extent was that the case for onlookers in Europe and the US, and did western discourse on events in the Middle East matter? While the toppling of longstanding dictators was met with jubilation by Arab populations, it conversely created anxiety and fear in many western governments. This was reflected in the shift from an initially celebratory discourse in western commentary to disappointment, pessimism and disavowal of the uprisings. Within a year, op-eds and academic articles were asking whether the ‘Arab Spring’ had turned into an ‘Islamist winter’, reverting to Orientalist narratives about the inevitability of conflict, bloodshed and sectarianism in the Middle East. I argue this discourse had implications for the outcome of the uprisings as ‘latent Orientalism’ translated into ‘manifest Orientalism’ and western states hesitated to support opposition groups they initially encouraged and emboldened. I begin the article with a study of western discourse in the first year of the uprisings, which I then situate within a long durée history of western policy and representation of the Middle East. In the final sections I consider the role of scholarship and think tanks as mediators of Orientalist discourse.
Vulnerability of marine resources affected by a small-scale tropical shrimp fishery in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Lira Alex Souza , Le Loc'h François , Andrade Humber Agrelli , Lucena-Frédou Flávia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tropical fisheries tend to be multispecies and require management approaches adapted to high diversity but scarce and poorly informative data. Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis-PSA is particularly useful where catch or biological data are incomplete, aggregated across species or insufficient for quantitative stock assessment. We applied PSA to estimate vulnerability and potential risk to target and non-target species caught by the small-scale shrimp fishery in northeast Brazil, adapting the method to regional conditions and incorporating an assessment of uncertainties caused by its subjective choices. Our findings suggest that non-target species can be more vulnerable than target ones. Bagre marinus, Pseudobatos percellens, Micropogonias furnieri, Hypanus guttatus, Macrodon ancylodon, Polydactylus virginicus, Rhizoprionodon porosus, Cynoscion virescens, Larimus breviceps, and Menticirrhus americanus, were the top 10 species potentially at risk due to their low productivity (long lifespans, low spawning), high capture rates of juveniles and overlap of feeding and breeding grounds with fishing areas. Most species (76%) maintained the same risk category (low, moderate, or high) regardless of the score weighting or productivity and susceptibility attribute boundaries applied. Overall, the target species are not currently the main ones threatened, but bycatch such as elasmobranchs, catfishes and Scianidae should be prioritized for assessment and data collection.
Bullet embolism: a rare cause of acute ischaemia
Authors: AlAttab Nashwan , Wani Tariq , Alomar Khalid , Alfozan Abdullah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Embolization of a bullet or shrapnel from the heart (left ventricle) to the peripheral arterial circulation is practically unknown. We present a 38-year-old man with no comorbidities who was referred to our centre with a bullet injury to the left side of his chest. The patient complained of mild pain and numbness in his right lower limb. A trauma series was advised. A contrast angiogram of the peripheral lower limbs showed a bullet in the right popliteal artery with no flow in the tibial arteries. A bullet was removed from the distal popliteal artery at its bifurcation with a long thrombus proximal to it. Removal of the foreign body is the widely accepted management, especially when it leads to symptoms like ischaemia or signs of infection, as was the situation in our case.
Opinion Trends on Moral Issues in the United States and the United Kingdom Explained by the Applicability of Generally Accepted Arguments
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo , Vartanova Irina , Strimling Pontus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
According to a recent theory, public opinion on moral issues will trend toward opinions that are justified by generally acceptable kinds of arguments. Both in the United States and the United Kingdom, generally acceptable kinds of arguments include concerns about harm, violence, fairness, and liberty. The theory therefore predicts that these countries will exhibit similar opinion trends on moral issues. We test this prediction using polling data on 98 issues in the United States and 108 issues in the United Kingdom, with an overlap of 27 issues on which opinions have been polled in both countries. We find that moral opinion trends are well predicted by the applicability of generally acceptable kinds of arguments and that there is a remarkable similarity between opinion trends in the two countries. These findings lend support to the theory that generally acceptable kinds of arguments play a key role in driving opinion dynamics.
A Zero Density Estimate for Dedekind Zeta Functions
Authors: Thorner Jesse , Zaman Asif 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiven a nontrivial finite group $G$, we prove the first zero density estimate for families of Dedekind zeta functions associated to Galois extensions $K/{\mathbb {Q}}$ with $\textrm {Gal}(K/{\mathbb {Q}})\cong G$ that does not rely on unproven progress towards the strong form of Artin’s conjecture. We use this to remove the hypothesis of the strong Artin conjecture from the work of Pierce, Turnage-Butterbaugh, and Wood on the average error in the Chebotarev density theorem and $\ell $-torsion in ideal class groups.
Interpreting the lived experiences of home caregivers in the families of patients with COVID-19 in Iran: a phenomenological study
Authors: Akbarbegloo Masumeh , Sanaeefar Mahnaz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Following the spread of COVID-19, many patients received home care services for recovery. The family is one of the informal caregivers who provide daily physical and psychological support to the patient, and they have the most contributions in the care of patients.

Objective
This study explains the experiences of home caregivers in the families of patients with COVID-19.

Methods
This is a qualitative study with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling was applied, and semi-structured interviews in the Center of COVID-19 Control in Khoy, Iran, were used to collect the information. Twenty-three family caregivers, who had already provided care for patients with COVID-19 at home, participated in the study. The themes emerged from interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcripted and then analyzed using Dickelman’s interpretive phenomenological approach.

Results
Thirteen primary concepts, six sub-themes and three main themes were extracted from the data analysis, including ‘Irrational fear of disease’ with sub-themes: fear of getting infected and indulging in strength of immune system; ‘Increasing the burden of care in caregivers’ with sub-themes: lack of support and caregiver`s family challenges; and ‘Self-reinforcement’ with sub-themes: highlighting positive features and turning to spirituality.

Conclusion
Understanding the complexities, experiences and beliefs of family caregivers about living with a COVID-19 patient provides a comprehensive perception of the psychological and physical consequences of care. Executive decision-makers, health care personnel and mental health professionals can also take the necessary strategies to support and manage home caregivers and interdisciplinary cooperation.
The Buddha’s Busted Finger: Craft, Touch, and Cosmology in Theravada Buddhism
Authors: Irwin Anthony Lovenheim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is about the bodily connection between Theravada Buddhist craftspeople, monks, and laypeople to the objects they create and touch. Textual and contemporary accounts of Buddhist material production emphasize the importance of physical touch in the formal aspects, embodied efficacy, and social salience of Buddhist objects, including Buddha images, brick stupas, and shrines. Here, I explore how the hands of skilled and unskilled Buddhist craftspeople manipulate, form, and connect divine, material, and social expressions of Theravada Buddhism. The handiwork of Buddhists gestures towards the ethical possibilities and cosmological significance of religious crafting, installation, and construction. Drawing on a variety of Theravada Buddhist sources, this article introduces “religious building” as a usable analytic category that can reveal why religion itself is often organized around, and generated through, acts of material and spatial production.
Open Sounds, Hidden Spaces: Listening, Wandering, and Literalism in Sufi Iran
Authors: Golestaneh Seema 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLiteralism is often synonymous with the absence of critical thought, a black hole of interpretation where the word offers not inspiration but command. As one group of Iranian Nimatullahi Sufis demonstrated, however, this is not always the case. Based on ethnographic research, this article will demonstrate how these Iranian Sufis utilized literal interpretations of intentional listening (sama) and wandering (sargardan) to generate their own collective space, one marked by transience, materiality, and play. They did so by devising a unique method of convening their meetings. Rather than circulate an address, the mystics instructed the others to meet at an intersection and then broadcast music from an apartment to alert the members to the location. This in turn allowed them to locate the site by listening for and wandering to locate the sounds. The aesthetic experiences that accompanied the listening and wandering led to a listened-for Sufi soundscape in post-revolutionary Iran.
Respiratory support status from EHR data for adult population: classification, heuristics, and usage in predictive modeling
Authors: Yu Sean C , Hofford Mackenzie R , Lai Albert M , Kollef Marin H , Payne Philip R O , Michelson Andrew P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Respiratory support status is critical in understanding patient status, but electronic health record data are often scattered, incomplete, and contradictory. Further, there has been limited work on standardizing representations for respiratory support. The objective of this work was to (1) propose a practical terminology system for respiratory support methods; (2) develop (meta-)heuristics for constructing respiratory support episodes; and (3) evaluate the utility of respiratory support information for mortality prediction.

Materials and Methods
All analyses were performed using electronic health record data of COVID-19-tested, emergency department-admit, adult patients at a large, Midwestern healthcare system between March 1, 2020 and April 1, 2021. Logistic regression and XGBoost models were trained with and without respiratory support information, and performance metrics were compared. Importance of respiratory-support-based features was explored using absolute coefficient values for logistic regression and SHapley Additive exPlanations values for the XGBoost model.

Results
The proposed terminology system for respiratory support methods is as follows: Low-Flow Oxygen Therapy (LFOT), High-Flow Oxygen Therapy (HFOT), Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIMV), Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), and ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). The addition of respiratory support information significantly improved mortality prediction (logistic regression area under receiver operating characteristic curve, median [IQR] from 0.855 [0.852—0.855] to 0.881 [0.876—0.884]; area under precision recall curve from 0.262 [0.245—0.268] to 0.319 [0.313—0.325], both P &lt; 0.01). The proposed generalizable, interpretable, and episodic representation had commensurate performance compared to alternate representations despite loss of granularity. Respiratory support features were among the most important in both models.

Conclusion
Respiratory support information is critical in understanding patient status and can facilitate downstream analyses.
Effect of amino acid blend as alternative to antibiotics for growing pigs
Authors: Gomes Maykelly da S , Saraiva Alysson , Valente Júnior Dante T , de Oliveira Leandro L , Correia Amanda M , Serão Nicola V L , Rocha Gabriel C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing arginine (Arg) + glutamine (Gln) replacing antibiotics on performance, immune response, and antioxidant capacity of pigs in the growing phase. One hundred fifty 63-d-old pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 25.0 ± 1.46 kg were distributed in a randomized block design, with three treatments and ten replicates. The three diets were control; antibiotic, control + 100 mg/kg tiamulin and 506 mg/kg oxytetracycline; amino acid, control + 10 g/kg Arg and 2 g/kg Gln. Dietary treatments were fed from 63 to 77 d. Following the treatment period, all pigs were fed the control diet from 77 to 90 d. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX and UNIVARIATE in SAS 9.4. From 63 to 70 d, pigs fed diets with antibiotics had improved (P &lt; 0.05) average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), and 70-d BW compared to those fed control or amino acid diets. From 70 to 77 d, including antibiotics in the diet increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and 77-d BW. From 77 to 90 d, pigs fed control or amino acid diets had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than those fed an antibiotic diet. From 63 to 90 d, although pig performance was not affected (P &gt; 0.05), growth curve of pigs fed the antibiotic diets was different (P &lt; 0.05) from those fed the control and amino acids diets. At 70 d, serum tumor necrosis factor-α and diamine oxidase (DAO) were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the antibiotic diet than the control diet, and pigs fed the amino acid diet had intermediate results. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the amino acid diet than the antibiotic diet, and pigs fed the control diet had intermediate results. Serum immunoglobulin A was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the antibiotic diet. At 77 d, DAO and serum immunoglobulin G were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the antibiotic diet. FRAP was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the amino acid and control diets. Serum malondialdehyde was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the amino acid diet than those fed the control diet, and pigs fed the antibiotic diet had intermediate results. At 90 d, antibiotics or amino acids did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) serum parameters. Amino acid blend supplementation at the selected doses in this study did not positively affect growing pigs. Although from 63 to 77 d, antibiotics improved performance, when considering the overall study period, growing pigs did not benefit from a diet containing antibiotics.
Development of a cost analysis-based defect-prediction system with a type error-weighted deep neural network algorithm
Authors: Kim Jun , Lee Ju Yeon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the growing interest in smart factories, defect-prediction algorithms using data analysis techniques are being developed and applied to solve problems caused by defects at manufacturing sites. Cost benefit is an important factor to consider, and can be obtained by applying such algorithms. Existing defect-prediction algorithms usually aim to reduce the error rate of the prediction model, rather than focusing on the cost benefit for the practical application of defect-prediction models. Therefore, this study develops a defect-prediction algorithm considering costs and systematization for field application. To this end, a type error-weighted deep neural network (TEW-DNN) is proposed that applies a loss function to set a different weight for each type error, and cost analysis is conducted to search the optimal type error weight. A cost analysis-based defect-prediction system is designed considering the TEW-DNN algorithm and a cyber-physical system environment. The efficacy of the designed system is demonstrated through a case study involving the application of the system in a die-casting factory in South Korea.