bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric ene-reduction of α,β-unsaturated compounds by F420-dependent oxidoreductases A (FDOR-A) enzymes fromMycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Kang Suk Woo , Antoney James , Lupton David , Speight Robert , Scott Colin , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe stereoselective reduction of alkenes conjugated to electron-withdrawing groups by ene-reductases has been extensively applied to the commercial preparation of fine chemicals. Although several different enzyme families are known to possess ene-reductase activity, the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family has been the most thoroughly investigated. Recently, it was shown that a subset of ene-reductases belonging to the flavin/deazaflavin oxidoreductase (FDOR) superfamily exhibit enantioselectivity that is generally complementary to that seen in the OYE family. These enzymes belong to one of several FDOR subgroups that use the unusual deazaflavin cofactor F420. Here, we explore several enzymes of the FDOR-A subgroup, characterizing their substrate range and enantioselectivity, including the complete conversion of both isomers of citral to(R)-citronellel with 99%ee. Protein crystallography combined with computational docking has allowed the observed stereoselectivity to be mechanistically rationalized for two enzymes. These findings add further support for the FDOR and OYE families of ene-reductases being generally stereocomplementary to each other and highlight their potential value in asymmetric ene-reduction.
A multifunctional LysM effector ofBotrytis cinereacontributes to plant infection
Authors: Crumière Mélanie , De Vallée Amélie , Rascle Christine , Nahar Shamsun , van Kan Jan A.L. , Bruel Christophe , Poussereau Nathalie , Choquer Mathias 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLysM effectors are suppressors of chitin-triggered plant immunity in biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi. Their role in necrotrophic fungi is unclear as these last are known to activate plant defenses and induce cell death.To characterize the role of theBcLysM1gene encoding a putative LysM effector in the necrotrophic fungusBotrytis cinerea, its expression was followed by transcriptional fusion and by RT-qPCRin planta. Two tagged-recombinant proteins were produced, and two independent deletion strains were constructed and characterized.BcLysM1is induced in the early phase of infection, and more specifically in multicellular appressoria called infection cushions. The BcLysM1 protein binds the chitin in the fungus cell wall and protects hyphae against degradation by external chitinases. It is also able to sequester chitooligosaccharides and to prevent them from inducing ROS production in A. thaliana. Using mycelium as inoculum, deletion strains show a delay in infection initiation and a default in adhesion to bean leaf surfaces.This study demonstrates for the first time a dual role for a LysM effector in mycelium adhesion on the plant and in host defenses suppression, both of them occurring during the asymptomatic phase of infection by a necrotrophic fungus.
Wear comfort and thermal insulation of ceramic-imbedded fabrics with different yarn structures by thermal manikin experiment
Authors: Kim Hyunah 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study examined the wear comfort and thermal insulation properties of Al2O3/graphite particle-imbedded sheath/core and dispersed fabrics via a thermal manikin experiment.Design/methodology/approachAl2O3/graphite sheath/core and dispersed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarn (POY 120d/24f) were spun using a pilot melt bi-component conjugated spinning machine, which was texturized as 75d/24f on the belt-type texturing machine. The woven fabric specimens were made using nylon 70d/34f in the warp with three types of weft yarn: Al2O3/graphite sheath/core, dispersed and regular PET yarns. Thermal insulation properties were measured and compared in terms of the heat retention rate (I) by KES-F7 apparatus and the maximum surface temperature by light heat emission equipment, as verified by the emissivity of various fabric specimens by far-infrared ray experiment. In addition, this study examined the thermal insulation (Clo value) characteristics of the clothes made of Al2O3/graphite sheath/core and dispersed fabrics using a thermal manikin apparatus, which were compared with the properties of regular PET clothing.FindingsThe thermal insulation of the dispersed fabric was superior to that of the sheath/core fabric, which was tentatively attributed to the higher emissivity of the dispersed yarn with Al2O3/graphite particles distributed over the whole yarn cross-section than that from the core of the sheath/core yarn. This result for the clothing measured using a thermal manikin was consistent with the higher heat retention rate (I) and the maximum surface temperature of the dispersed fabric than that of the sheath/core fabric. In addition, the thermal insulation of the dispersed and sheath/core fabrics was superior to that of the regular PET fabric, which revealed that the Al2O3/graphite particles imbedded in the dispersed and sheath/core yarns exerted a greater effect on the heat storage and release characteristics compared to that of the TiO2 particles in regular PET yarn. The Clo values of the dispersed and sheath/core fabrics under the light-on condition were much higher than those under the light-off condition, and furthermore, the difference of the Clo value between the sheath/core and regular PET fabrics under light-on condition was approximately 1.7 times greater than that under the light-off condition. These results revealed that the far-infrared rays emitted from the Al2O3/graphite particles imbedded in the sheath/core and dispersed yarns enhance the heat storage and release characteristics from the fabric under the light-on condition, i.e. under the sunlight.Originality/valueThe previously examined thermal wear comfort properties of the various inorganic particle-imbedded fabrics were measured with the fabric state, not clothing, which could not provide objective data related to the actual wearing performance of clothing.
Assessing the possibility of winning a WTO dispute before being involved
Authors: Klishch Nikolai , Larionov Alexander 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis article focuses on whether there is a chance to win a World Trade Organization (WTO) trade dispute at the consultation stage. The study suggests an approach to resolving trade disputes on a bilateral level before involving formal WTO resolution procedures.Design/methodology/approachThe model describes the determinants of the probability of winning a trade dispute. The econometric model estimates two different groups of factors available during the consultation period – macroeconomic factors and the institutional features of the trade dispute, such as the number of third parties. The data includes WTO trade disputes from 1995 to 2014.FindingsThe suggested model predicts the result of trade disputes with a probability of 76.64%. The research proves that institutional factors such as the number of third parties and the subject of the trade dispute influence the probability of winning.Practical implicationsThe results of the study help predict the probability of winning a trade dispute at the consultation stage so that countries can decide whether to pursue a trade dispute.Originality/valueThe research presents several new hypotheses on the results of trade disputes. The authors show that the higher the number of countries involved, the higher the chance of the complainant winning and that if major parties such as the US or the European Union (EU) are involved as third parties, the chance of the complainant winning increases.
Will COVID-19 be the trigger point for developing visitor attraction revenue management?
Authors: Haynes Natalie Claire , Egan David 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore how the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will influence the development of revenue management practice in the visitor attractions sector.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint paper builds on the argument that tracking previous patterns of behaviour and trends can be used to predict future actions and developments.FindingsThe paper identifies how historically the development of revenue management practice has been driven by major external trigger points often linked to sudden increases in competitive pressures, such as the deregulation of the airline industry, and expands on this to argue that the pandemic is one such trigger point that has fundamentally changed the approach to revenue management through a refocusing on key principles to manage demand and that this could potentially accelerate its development within the visitor attraction sector.Originality/valuePre-COVID, the practice of revenue management in the visitor attraction sector was underdeveloped, and the opportunities to develop revenue management had not been discussed in the academic literature. This paper suggests that the challenges of the pandemic that forced visitor attractions to focus on visitor demand management can now begin to be extended to incorporate the management of revenue and will consequently be of value for academics and practitioners.
Thermoelastic micro-stretch solid immersed in an infinite inviscid fluid and subject to gravity under three-phase-lag model
Authors: Othman Mohamed I.A. , Atwa Sarhan Y. , Eraki Ebtesam E.M. , Ismail Mohamed F. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeIn this work, the thermoelastic response in a micro-stretch thermoelastic half-space submerged in an unlimited non-viscous fluid under gravity, the medium is studied using the three-phase-lag model (3PHL) and Green-Naghdi theory (G-N III).Design/methodology/approachThe normal mode analysis was the analytic technique used to obtain the exact formula of the physical quantities.FindingsThe magnesium crystal element is used as an application to compare the predictions induced by gravity on microstretch thermoelastic immersed in an infinite fluid of the three-phase-lag model with those for Green–Naghdi. Gravity has been noticed to have a major effect on all physical quantities. Comparisons were also made for three values of wave number and three values of the real part frequency.Originality/valueThis work is concerned with the thermoelastic micro-stretch solid immersed in an infinite and inviscid fluid and subjected to a gravitational field. The governing equations are formulated in the context of the 3PHL model and G-N theory. An analytical solution to the problem is obtained by employing normal mode analysis. Comparisons of the physical quantities are shown in figures to study the effects of gravity, wave number and the real part of the frequency.
“Masks do not work”: COVID-19 misperceptions and theory-driven corrective strategies on Facebook
Authors: Borah Porismita , Kim Sojung , Hsu Ying-Chia (Louise) 
Published: November 2022

PurposeOne of the most prolific areas of misinformation research is examining corrective strategies in messaging. The main purposes of the current study are to examine the effects of (1) partisan media (2) credibility perceptions and emotional reactions and (3) theory driven corrective messages on people's misperceptions about COVID-19 mask wearing behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a randomized experimental design to test the hypotheses. The data were collected via the survey firm Lucid. The number of participants was 485. The study was conducted using Qualtrics after the research project was exempt by the Institutional Research Board of a large University in the US. The authors conducted an online experiment with four conditions, narrative versus statistics and individual versus collective. The manipulation messages were constructed as screenshots from Facebook.FindingsThe findings of this study show that higher exposure to liberal media was associated with lower misperceptions, whereas higher credibility perceptions of and positive reactions toward the misinformation post and negative emotions toward the correction comment were associated with higher misperceptions. Moreover, the findings showed that participants in the narrative and collective-frame condition had the lowest misperceptions.Originality/valueThe authors tested theory driven misinformation corrective messages to understand the impact of these messages and multiple related variables on misperceptions about COVID-19 mask wearing. This study contributes to the existing misinformation correction literature by investigating the explanatory power of the two well-established media effects theories on misinformation correction messaging and by identifying essential individual characteristics that should be considered when evaluating how misperceptions about the COVID-19 crisis works and gets reduced.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-11-2021-0600
SLICE: An algorithm for incorporating ultrasonography in the assessment of shocked or breathless patients
Authors: Zhang Lorena FY , Duong Minh‐Tu , Bowra Justin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSLICE is an algorithm for the integration of point‐of‐care ultrasound in the assessment and resuscitation of the shocked or breathless patient. It aims to determine the patient's fluid status, and identify reversible causes for the patient's clinical picture. SLICE stands for ‘In a patient who is Shocked/Short of breath, scan the Lungs, IVC, Cardiac and Extra regions as indicated’. Its key advantages are that it explicitly guides resuscitative fluid management, can be performed rapidly and by clinicians with a broad range of sonographic experience, and can be used in a broad range of clinical scenarios. Its use has been successfully taught and implemented in routine clinical practice at our local institution.
Social media reconstructions of urban identity during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: An Ning , Yu Qixin , Wang Min 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has profoundly affected people in urban areas. This article reports on a comparative empirical study of the pandemic in Guangzhou and Xi’an in 2021 and analyses how residents responded to social media during the crisis. Using Baidu’s hot search time machine to search for hot topics related to the spread of disease during each outbreak of COVID‐19, we collected 35 and 41 hashtags for Guangzhou’s and Xi’an’s epidemics, respectively. Based on a thematic analysis of those hashtags, we considered how residents reconstructed expressions of urban identity in both cities. We found that China’s unique official accountability system in local anti‐epidemic practices led to stricter forms of top‐down urban governance and that urban residents deployed forms of bottom‐up agency in response. Our work provides a refined agenda for geographers and other social scientists to examine the interconnections among urban resilience, urban social responses to major public crises, and urban culture.
Severe Covid‐19 and acute pulmonary hypertension: 24‐month follow‐up regarding mortality and relationship to initial echocardiographic findings and biomarkers
Authors: Norderfeldt Joakim , Liliequist Andreas , Eksborg Staffan , Frostell Claes , Eriksson Maria J. , Adding Christofer , Agvald Per , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCritically ill Covid‐19 patients are likely to develop the sequence of acute pulmonary hypertension (aPH), right ventricular strain, and eventually right ventricular failure due to currently known pathophysiology (endothelial inflammation plus thrombo‐embolism) that promotes increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. Furthermore, an in‐hospital trans‐thoracic echocardiography (TTE) diagnosis of aPH is associated with a substantially increased risk of early mortality. The aim of this retrospective observational follow‐up study was to explore the mortality during the 1–24‐month period following the TTE diagnosis of aPH in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsA previously reported cohort of 67 ICU‐treated Covid‐19 patients underwent an electronic medical chart‐based follow‐up 24 months after the ICU TTE. Apart from the influence of aPH versus non‐aPH on mortality, several TTE parameters were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier survival plot technique (K‐M). The influence of biomarkers for heart failure (NTproBNP) and myocardial injury (Troponin‐T), taken at the time of the ICU TTE investigation, was analyzed using receiver‐operator characteristics curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe overall mortality at the 24‐month follow‐up was 61.5% and 12.8% in group aPH and group non‐aPH, respectively. An increased relative mortality risk continued to be present in aPH patients (14.3%) compared to non‐aPH patients (5.6%) during the 1–24‐month period. The easily determined parameter of a tricuspid valve regurgitation, allowing a measurement of a systolic pulmonary artery pressure (regardless of magnitude), was associated with a similar K‐M outcome as the generally accepted diagnostic criteria for aPH (systolic pulmonary artery pressure >35 mmHg). The biomarker values of NTproBNP and Troponin‐T at the time of the TTE did not result in any clinically useful ROC analysis data.ConclusionThe mortality risk was increased up to 24 months after the initial examination in ICU‐treated Covid‐19 patients with a TTE diagnosis of aPH, compared to non‐aPH patients. Certain individual TTE parameters were able to discriminate 24‐month risk of morality.
Pilot testing fentanyl test strip distribution in an emergency department setting: Experiences, lessons learned, and suggestions from staff
Authors: Reed Megan K. , Salcedo Venise J. , Hsiao TingAnn , Esteves Camacho Tracy , Salvatore Amanda , Siegler Anne , Rising Kristin L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesFentanyl test strips (FTSs) are increasingly used to address fentanyl contamination of the illicit drug supply by testing a drug for the presence of fentanyl, allowing people who use drugs (PWUD) to engage in overdose prevention. While emergency departments (EDs) have implemented various harm reduction strategies for PWUD, to date distribution of FTSs in EDs is limited and not evaluated. Thus, we sought to explore ED staff experiences distributing FTSs.MethodsTwenty‐one staff serving different roles (e.g., physician, nurse, technician, social worker, certified recovery specialist) within two urban EDs in a major metropolitan area were enrolled in a pilot study to distribute FTS to patients who use drugs. Participants were interviewed about their experience at 3 weeks and again at 3 months. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using a conventional content analysis approach.ResultsAll participants endorsed the utility of FTS distribution in the ED. Across 42 interviews, participants discussed evolving strategies to approach patients about FTS, primarily favorable patient reactions to FTSs, improved dynamics between participants and patients, mixed intervention support from other staff, and named challenges of FTS distribution and recommendations to make FTS distribution in the ED widespread. Recommendations included medical records prompts to offer FTS, offering via different types of staff, and offering FTS during triage.ConclusionsImplementing FTS distribution may improve patient rapport while providing patients with tools to avoid a fentanyl overdose. Participants generally reported positive experiences distributing FTSs within the ED but the barriers they identified limited opportunities to make distribution more integrated into their workflow. EDs considering this intervention should train staff on FTSs and how to identify and train patients and explore mechanisms to routinize distribution in the ED environment.
Rising high‐acuity emergency care services independently billed by advanced practice providers, 2013 to 2019
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Mullen Jay B. , Venkatesh Arjun K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced practice providers (APPs) comprise an increasing proportion of the emergency medicine (EM) workforce, particularly in rural geographies. With little known regarding potential expanding practice patterns, we sought to evaluate trends in independent emergency care services billed by APPs from 2013 to 2019.MethodsWe performed a repeated cross‐sectional analysis of emergency clinicians independently reimbursed for at least 50 evaluation and management (E/M) services (99281–99285, 99291) from Medicare Part B, with high‐acuity services including Codes 99285 and 99291. We describe the outcome proportion of E/M services by acuity level and report at (1) the encounter level and (2) at the clinician level. We stratified analyses by clinician type and geography.ResultsA total of 47,323 EM physicians, 10,555 non‐EM physicians, and 26,599 APPs were included in analyses. APPs billed emergency care services independently for 5.1% (rural 7.3%, urban 4.8%) of all high‐acuity encounters in 2013, increasing to 9.7% (rural 16.4%, urban 8.8%) by 2019. At the clinician level, in 2013, the average rural‐practicing APP independently billed 22.8% of services as high acuity, 72.6% as moderate acuity, and 4.5% as low acuity. By 2019, the average rural‐practicing APP independently billed 36.2% of services as high acuity, representing a +58.8% relative increase from 2013. Relative increases in high‐acuity visits independently billed by APPs were substantially greater when compared to EM physicians across both rural and urban geographies.ConclusionsIn 2019, APPs billed independent services for approximately one in six high‐acuity ED encounters in rural geographies and one in 11 high‐acuity ED encounters in urban geographies, and well over one‐third of the average APPs' encounters were for high‐acuity E/M services. Given differences in training and reimbursement between clinician types, these estimates suggest further work is needed evaluating emergency care staffing decision making.
A cross‐sectional description of the health characteristics of cognitively impaired older adults
Authors: Merrick Eamon , Shannon Kay , Neville Stephen , Bail Kasia , Vorster Anja , Fry Margaret 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe analysis presented here describes the care needs of older adults with and without cognitive impairment. To describe the health characteristics of older adults with and without cognitive impairment who receive home care or Aged Residential Care services in New Zealand.MethodsA descriptive analysis of the initial interRAI assessment for adults older than 55 years was undertaken. Data were grouped by level of assessed cognitive impairment. The population proportions for each level of the following scales were calculated: Changes in Health, End‐stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms Scale (CHESS), pain, pressure injury risk, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), depression screening, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsThe analysis included 93,680 assessments. The mean age was 83 years (SD = 8.7) a positive association was observed between age and cognitive impairment (p < 0.01). People with cognitive impairment were less likely to have been recently hospitalised or to have attended ED (p < 0.01). Significant associations with effect sizes ≥3 were observed for cognitive impairment and ADL (p < 0.01, γ = 0.63), pain (p < 0.01, γ = −0.32), and risk of pressure injury (p < 0.01, Cramer's V = 0.271).ConclusionsThe results reinforce a need to be alert to the differential care needs of older adults with moderate/severe cognitive impairment. The findings may act as a trigger for practitioners to focus assessment on aspects of care that, due to context, may otherwise be underassessed or untreated.