bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bank loan information and information asymmetry in the stock market: evidence from China
Authors: Ye Yanyi , Wang Yun , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we use bank loan information to construct proxies for corporate transparency and examine whether these measures reflect information asymmetry in the stock market. Our analysis is based on a novel dataset of stock transactions and bank loans of all publicly listed firms on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, covering January 2008 to June 2013. We find that firms with outstanding loans have a lower level of information asymmetry in the stock market, whereas firms with defaulted loans have a higher level of asymmetry. Further evidence demonstrates that the effect of loan default on information asymmetry in the stock market is more pronounced when these loans are borrowed from joint-equity commercial banks or multiple banks and when the default occurs under inactive market conditions. Our results remain robust to a series of endogeneity and sensitivity tests and provide suggestive evidence of a close connection between the credit loan and stock markets.
Quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in obese patients using an open-bore MR scanner
Authors: Secchi Francesco , Asteria Carmela , Monti Caterina B. , Malavazos Alexis Elias , Capra Davide , Alì Marco , Giassi Cecilia L. A. , Francesconi Simona , Basilico Sara , Giovanelli Alessandro , Morricone Lelio , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, measured on scans performed using an open-bore magnetic resonance scanner.

Methods
Consecutive patients referred for bariatric surgery, aged between 18 and 65 years who agreed to undergo cardiac imaging (MRI), were prospectively enrolled. All those with cardiac pathology or contraindications to MRI were excluded. MRI was performed on a 1.0-T open-bore scanner, and EAT was segmented on all scans at both systolic and diastolic phase by two independent readers (R1 with four years of experience and R2 with one year). Data were reported as median and interquartile range; agreement and differences were appraised with Bland-Altman analyses and Wilcoxon tests, respectively.

Results
Fourteen patients, 11 females (79%) aged 44 (41–50) years, underwent cardiac MRI. For the first and second readings, respectively, EAT volume was 86 (78–95) cm3 and 85 (79–91) cm3 at systole and 82 (74–95) cm3 and 81 (75–94) cm3 at diastole for R1, and 89 (79–99) cm3 and 93 (84–98) cm3 at systole and 92 (85–103) cm3 and 93 (82–94) cm3 at diastole for R2. R1 had the best reproducibility at diastole (bias 0.3 cm3, standard deviation of the differences (SD) 3.3 cm3). R2 had the worst reproducibility at diastole (bias 3.9 cm3, SD 12.1 cm3). The only significant difference between systole and diastole was at the first reading by R1 (p = 0.016). The greatest bias was that of inter-reader reproducibility at diastole (-9.4 cm3).

Conclusions
Reproducibility was within clinically acceptable limits in most instances.
Intraoperative use of extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) and emergency ECMO requirement in patients undergoing lung transplant: a case-matched cohort retrospective study
Authors: Ruberto Franco , Alessandri Francesco , Piazzolla Mario , Zullino Veronica , Bruno Katia , Celli Paola , Diso Daniele , Venuta Federico , Bilotta Federico , Pugliese Francesco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is less invasive than extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and intraoperative control of gas exchange could be feasible. The aim of this study in intermediate intraoperative severity patients undergoing LT was to assess the role of intraoperative ECCO2R on emergency ECMO requirement in patients.

Methods
Thirty-eight consecutive patients undergoing lung transplantation (LT) with “intermediate” intraoperative severity in the intervals 2007 to 2010 or 2011 to 2014 were analyzed as historical comparison of case-matched cohort retrospective study. The “intermediate” intraoperative severity was defined as the development of intraoperative severe respiratory acidosis with maintained oxygenation function (i.e., pH <7.25, PaCO2 >60 mmHg, and PaO2/FiO2 >150), not associated with hemodynamic instability. Of these 38 patients, twenty-three patients were treated in the 2007–2010 interval by receiving “standard intraoperative treatment,” while 15 patients were treated in the 2011–2014 interval by receiving “standard intraoperative treatment + ECCO2R.”

Results
ECMO requirement was more frequent among patients that received “standard intraoperative treatment” alone than in those treated with “standard intraoperative treatment + ECCO2R” (17/23 vs. 3/15; p = 0.004). The use of ECCO2R improved pH and PaCO2 while mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) decreased.

Conclusion
In intermediate intraoperative severity patients, the use of ECCO2R reduces the ECMO requirement.
Quantifying the influence of Open Access on innovation and patents
Authors: Jahn Najko , Klebel Thomas , Pride David , Knoth Petr , Ross-Hellauer Tony 
Published: May 2022

Background: Open Access aims at improving the discovery, access and re-use of research not only within the scientific community, but also within broader society, for instance to promote innovation in industry. Yet, the extent to which openly available scientific work impacts technological inventions remains largely unknown. Methods: We combine publicly available data sources about patents and scholarly publications to explore the extent to which Open Access scientific literature is cited in patents. Results: Investigating over 22 million patent families indexed in Google Patents between 2010 and 2020, we found that around one third referenced non-patent literature. However, the number of references per patent family can vary considerably across technological sectors and inventor countries. Based on a sample of 215,962 scientific non-patent references published between 2008 and 2020, we determined the Open Access status using Unpaywall, Europe PubMed Central and arXiv. The proportion of Open Access citations grew over the years, with nearly half of cited articles being openly available. Discussion: In line with research on both technology-science linkage and Open Access, we found considerable country- and subject- specific variations. In particular, patents representing inventions from the US and the UK cited Open Access work disproportionately more often, although it is challenging to link these observations to specific science policies and incentives. We recommend that follow-up research and monitoring exercise take advantage of a growing evidence base associated with patent citations and Open Access evidence.
Protocol for a Delphi consensus study to select indicators of high-quality general practice to achieve Quality Equity and Systems Transformation in Primary Health Care (QUEST-PHC) in Australia
Authors: Lau Phyllis , Ryan Samantha , Abbott Penelope , Tannous Kathy , Trankle Steven , Peters Kath , Page Andrew , Cochrane Natalie , Usherwood Tim , Reath Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Background
High-quality general practice has been demonstrated to provide cost-effective, equitable health care and improve health outcomes. Yet there is currently not a set of agreed comprehensive indicators in Australia. We have developed 79 evidence-based indicators and their corresponding 129 measures of high-quality general practice. This study aims to achieve consensus on relevant and feasible indicators and measures for the Australian context.

Methods
This Delphi consensus study, approved by WSU Human Research Ethics Committee, consists of three rounds of online survey with general practice experts including general practitioners, practice nurses and primary health network staff. The identified indicators and measures are grouped under an attribute framework aligned with the Quadruple Aim, and further grouped under structures, processes and outcomes according to the Donabedian framework. Participants will rate each indicator and measure for relevance and feasibility, and provide comments and recommendations of additional indicators or measures. In the last round, participants will also be asked their views on the implementation of a quality indicator tool. Each indicator and measure will require ≥70% agreement in both relevance and feasibility to achieve consensus. Aggregated ratings will be statistically analysed for response rates, level of agreement, medians, interquartile ranges and group rankings. Qualitative responses will be analysed thematically using a mixed inductive and deductive approach.

Discussion
This protocol will add to the current knowledge of the translation of performance guidelines into quality practice across complex clinical settings and in a variety of different contexts in Australian general practice. The Delphi technique is appropriate to develop consensus between the diverse experts because of its ability to offer anonymity to other participants and minimise bias. Findings will contribute to the design of an assessment tool of high-quality general practice that would enable future primary health care reforms in Australia.
Stillbirth diagnosis and classification: comparison of ReCoDe and ICD-PM systems
Authors: Lupariello Francesco , Di Vella Giancarlo , Botta Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The identification of causes of stillbirth (SB) can be a challenge due to several different classification systems of SB causes. In the scientific literature there is a continuous emergence of SB classification systems, not allowing uniform data collection and comparisons between populations from different geographical areas. For these reasons, this study compared two of the most used SB classifications, aiming to identify which of them should be preferable.

Methods
A total of 191 SBs were retrospectively classified by a panel composed by three experienced-physicians throughout the ReCoDe and ICD-PM systems to evaluate which classification minimizes unclassified/unspecified cases. In addition, intra and inter-rater agreements were calculated.

Results
ReCoDe defined: the 23.6% of cases as unexplained, placental insufficiency in the 14.1%, lethal congenital anomalies in the 12%, infection in the 9.4%, abruptio in the 7.3%, and chorioamnionitis in the 7.3%. ICD-PM defined: the 20.9% of cases as unspecified, antepartum hypoxia in the 44%, congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities in the 11.5%, and infection in the 11.5%. For ReCoDe, inter-rater was agreement of 0.58; intra-rater agreements were 0.78 and 0.79. For ICD-PM, inter-rater agreement was 0.54; intra-rater agreements were of 0.76 and 0.71.

Conclusions
There is no significant difference between ReCoDe and ICD-PM classifications in minimizing unexplained/unspecified cases. Inter and intra-rater agreements were largely suboptimal for both ReCoDe and ICD-PM due to their lack of specific guidelines which can facilitate the interpretation. Thus, the authors suggest correctives strategies: the implementation of specific guidelines and illustrative case reports to easily solve interpretation issues.
Assessment of antibody titer and side effects after third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kozakai Rikei , Suzuki Susumu , Fukami Kana , Hoshi Kuniko , Izumi Yoshihiko , Takahashi Shinichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was started from December 1, 2021 in Japan. However, data on the precise analysis of the side effects after third vaccination, remain scarce. Here, we examined the side effects and the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in healthy volunteers who underwent BNT162b2 vaccination.

Methods
Forty-one healthy volunteers were assessed for the side effects of the vaccination for the third dose, and samples were used for the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody with chemiluminescent assays against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the virus.

Results
We analyzed the humoral responses and found that the IgG levels showed clear declining trends with age. Commonly reported side effects in the participants after the third dose were similar to those in second dose, such as, generalized weakness/fatigue (65.9%), headache (58.5%), and sore arm/pain (87.8%). The frequency of the fever was slightly less (39.0%), compared to the second dose (57.5%), but localized symptoms, such as itching (14.6%) and lymphadenopathy (14.6%) were not negligible, which were not seen at the second dose. The number of side effects were tended to be decreased with age.

Conclusions
The production of IgG after the third doses of BNT162b2 vaccination decreases age-dependently. The number of side effects were tended to be decreased with age. The high frequencies of generalized weakness/fatigue, fever, and sore arm/pain were not negligible, after the third dose.
Pater Vulkan: Martial als Vergil-Interpret in Epigramm 5,7
Authors: Jordan Delila 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper presented here treats a hitherto unnoticed intertextual allusion in Mart. 5,7,7 to Verg. Aen. 8,394. Both lines contain two jokes at the expense of the smith-god Vulcan, by recalling the affairs of his wife Venus. First, the epic/epigrammatic speaker points to the well-known passage in Hom. Od. 8,266–363 in which Demodocus recounts the unpleasant – and for the other gods highly amusing – situation when Hephaestus caught his wife Aphrodite and her lover Ares in adultery with the help of invisible fetters. The second ironic jab is presented by the epithet pater for Vulcan, who was – with his wife – childless; this term is often used of other male divinities, but not of Vulcan. The parallels to other authors, above all Homer and Ovid, have been widely discussed in research, but the intertextual play with Vergil has so far not been given the attention it deserves. The remarks offered here aim to show that Vergil intentionally constructed Aen. 8,394 to be comic. Martial correctly understood the comedy, picked it up and adopted it in his Epigram 5,7, thereby giving a parodic note to the panegyric of Domitian in the first half of the poem.
Impacts of Pre-contamination Moisture Content on Mechanical Properties of High-Plasticity Clay Contaminated with Used Engine Oil
Authors: Omar Khalid Riyadh , Fatahi Behzad , Nguyen Lam Dinh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The oil contamination of soils and the remediation techniques to enhance the engineering properties of the ground have been an emerging challenge in the geoenvironmental field. While several studies were conducted to examine the behavior of the contaminated granular soils, little is known about the mechanical properties of the oil-contaminated clays. This paper investigates the impacts of the in situ pre-contamination moisture content (PMC) on the behavior of fine-grained soil contaminated with various levels of used engine oil. Extensive laboratory experiments were performed on sandy clay with different initial moisture conditions and various amounts of used engine oil varying from 0 to 16 %. The experimental results, including the Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage (LS), unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, and small-strain shear modulus in conjunction with microstructural image analysis, were reported and discussed. It is observed that when oil content was increased, both LS and plastic limit (PL) increased while the liquid limit decreased in the contaminated soil. Moreover, the inclusion of engine oil contributed to the reduction in the plasticity index, which was also impacted by the PMC of the soil. An increment in the PL was correlated with a significant decrease in shear strength, shear modulus, and other associated parameters such as friction angle and cohesion. In agreement with the results, a broader range of elasticity and improved stability at the microstructure level was associated with a lower pre-contamination water content (PMC). Overall, this paper shows that knowledge of site moisture levels before contamination is essential to evaluate the implications of contamination by used engine oil.
Application of SBF Test to Fatigue Damage Assessment of Type 316 Steel
Authors: Komazaki Shin-ichi , Egami Kosuke , Kamaya Masayuki , Hisaka Chiaki , Nitta Akito 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A new fatigue testing technique, the small bulge fatigue (SBF) test, was recently developed by some of the present authors. In this technique, a cyclic oil pressure is alternatively applied to both surfaces of a small disk-type specimen (8 mm in diameter) with flat and concave surfaces. This SBF test is a kind of biaxial fatigue test as well as the disk bending fatigue (DBF) test. In this study, damaged specimens were subjected to the SBF test to examine the adaptability of this test to the fatigue damage assessment of actual components. To prepare these damaged specimens, Type 316 austenitic stainless steel was subjected to the DBF test using large disk specimens (87 mm in diameter) by considering that most of components were generally operating under multiaxial loading condition. The test was stopped at several stages of the fatigue life. Then, the SBF test specimens were taken from the surfaces of the interrupted DBF test specimens. It was expected that fatigue life of the SBF tests corresponded to the degrees of fatigue damage induced by the DBF test. The SBF test results showed that the fatigue life of the damaged SBF specimen, which contained microcracks formed by the DBF test, was only one tenth as long as that of the undamaged specimen. It was noteworthy that some microcracks introduced by the DBF test were opened and became clearly visible after the SBF test, although they were closed and not visible just after the DBF tests.
Finding Leisure through Improvisation at Home: Self-Sustainment during COVID-19
Authors: Tomas Giana 
Published: May 2022

During tumultuous, shaky, and uncertain times such as COVID-19, understandings of and life at home have shifted dramatically, especially amidst lockdown or on-and-off stay-at-home orders. While staying at home made me feel a sense of safety and protection, lockdown was a whole other challenge. Staying at home from morning till dawn, doing the exact same things over and over again, and relying on technology more than ever to fuel my social needs, encompassed my lockdown routine; a routine developed out of desires for normalcy and desperation to feel a sense of stability and so-called productivity. In light of my sanity and survival, I had to make do. I had to improvise. I had to find ‘leisure’ that worked for me while the world moved cautiously amidst COVID. In the details of everyday pandemic life, I found leisure in improvisation. In some cases such as my lockdown experience, leisure can be found in improvisation; not just in one thing or activity per se, but also in a series of pursuits that can help us make do, pass time, keep sane, and even experience temporary bliss and enjoyment amidst an unsteady and unpredictable environment.
Enacting Hot Potatoes to engage and motivate the undergraduate learners in the Business Correspondence course
Authors: Indrian Ruth Dewi 
Published: May 2022

Technology has become the answer to students’ interests to be engaged in the learning process. In this case, the use of the Hot Potatoes application was employed to facilitate students’ needs in learning the Business Correspondence course. This study was a content analysis that employed the CALL approach as the assistance of students’ learning process (Egbert & Shahrokni, 2018). This study aimed to investigate the implementation of the Hot Potatoes application to assist students to learn the materials of three topics of Business Correspondence, namely Replying to a Job Applicant, Requesting a Service, and Confirming a Service (Lougheed, 2003). The results showed that the use of Hot Potatoes web-based learning brought beneficial impacts to students’ learning process of Business Correspondence course of the fourth-semester students. The researcher discovered that the implementation of this application engaged students’ attention and motivated them to be involved mindful for the learning activity. Moreover, Hot Potatoes exercises helped the students comprehend the elements of a letter and vocabulary and expressions used based on the context of the letter. The researcher suggests that future researchers can fill in the gap on how the Hot Potatoes application can be applied in various courses in English Language Departments.
Correlation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases with Liver Involvement Severity in Autoimmune Hepatobiliary Pathology: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Usoltseva Olga V. , Surkov Andrey N. , Movsisyan Goar B. , Potapov Alexander S. , Kulebina Elena A. , Kulikov Кirill A. , Chernikov Vladislav V. 
Published: May 2022

Background. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often occur with hepatobiliary system involvement, including autoimmune ones. The role of IBD in development and severity of liver fibrosis in children remains unknown.Objective. The aim of the study is to study the correlation of IBD with the presence and severity of liver fibrotic changes and its malfunction at hepatobiliary system autoimmune disorders in children.Methods. The study included patients hospitalized with isolated (control group) autoimmune hepatobiliary disorders (HBD) (autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, overlap syndrome, autoimmune cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis) or in combination with IBD. The presence and severity of liver fibrosis was evaluated via invasive (estimation of inflammation activity and liver fibrosis via the METAVIR scale, areas of collagen IV deposition in liver biopsy slides) and non-invasive methods (transient liver elastography, collagen IV levels, liver enzymes activity).Results. Patients with autoimmune hepatobiliary disorders associated with IBD (n = 41) were comparable to those in control group (n = 44) by gender and age. Patients with IBD were more likely to be diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Furthermore, patients with IBD had higher frequency of moderate fibrosis, higher gamma glutamine transferase activity, and lower albumin concentration in comparison with patients of control group. We haven't revealed any other differences between both groups on other indicators.Conclusion. IBD are associated with relatively high incidence and severity of liver fibrotic changes in autoimmune HBD compared to isolated autoimmune HBD cases. However, these differences may be due to the differences in autoimmune HBD structure and, subsequently, its treatment.