bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology to prioritize research to enable the implementation of Ending Cholera: A global roadmap to 2030
Authors: Ko Melissa , Cherian Thomas , Groves Helen T. , Klemm Elizabeth J. , Qazi Shamim 
Published: May 2022

Background
The “Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030” (Roadmap) was launched in October 2017. Following its launch, it became clear that additional evidence is needed to assist countries in controlling cholera and that a prioritized list of research questions is required to focus the limited resources to address the issues most relevant to the implementation of the Roadmap.

Methods
A comprehensive list of research questions was developed based on inputs from the Working Groups of the Global Taskforce for Cholera Control and other experts. The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology was adapted to identify the relevant assessment criteria and assign weights to each criterion. The assessment criteria were applied to each research question by cholera experts to derive a score based on which they were prioritized.

Findings
The consultation process involved 177 experts and stakeholders representing different constituencies and geographies with research priority scores ranging from 88·8 to 65·7% and resulted in the prioritization of the top 20 research questions across all Roadmap pillars, the top five research questions for each Roadmap pillar, and three discovery research questions. This resulted in 32 non-duplicative research questions that considers both immediate and long-term Roadmap goals.

Interpretation
The transparent, inclusive, and rigorous process to develop a Research Agenda is aimed to secure broad buy-in and serve as a guide for funding agencies and researchers to focus their efforts to fill the evidence gaps plaguing cholera-endemic countries.
Effects of different exercise training programs on the functional performance in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: A randomized trial
Authors: Essam Hatem , Abdel Wahab Nashwa Hassan , Younis Gihan , El-sayed Enas , Shafiek Hanaa 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
We aimed to compare the effects of different aerobic exercise training (ET) programs on respiratory performance, exercise capacity, and quality of life in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (f-ILD).

Methods
A case-control study where 31 patients with f-ILD diagnosis based on chest high-resolution computed tomography were recruited from Main Alexandria University hospital-Egypt. Ten patients were randomly assigned for only lower limbs (LL) endurance training program, and 10 patients for upper limbs, lower limbs, and breathing exercises (ULB) program for consecutive 18 sessions (3 sessions/week for 6 consecutive weeks). Eleven patients who refused to participate in the ET program were considered as control. All patients were subjected for St George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), forced spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) before and after ET programs.

Results
Fibrosing non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and collagenic associated-ILD were the commonest pathologies among the ET groups (30% each) with mean age of 44.4±12.25 and 41.90±7.58 years for LL and ULB groups respectively and moderate-to-severe lung restriction. 6-MWT and SGRQ significantly improved after both ET programs (p<0.001). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2) improved significantly after both LL training (median of 22 (interquartile range (IQR) = 17.0–24.0) vs. 17.5 (IQR = 13.0–23.0) ml/kg/min, p = 0.032) and ULB training (median of 13.5 (IQR = 11.0–21.0) vs. 10.5 (IQR = 5.0–16.0) ml/kg/min, p = 0.018). Further, maximal work load and minute ventilation (VE) significantly improved after both types of ET training (p<0.05); however, neither ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO2) nor FVC% improved after ET (p = 0.052 and 0.259 respectively). There were no statistically significant important differences between LL and ULB training programs regarding 6-MWT, SGRQ or CPET parameters (p>0.05).

Conclusions
ET was associated with improvements in exercise capacity and quality of life in f-ILD patients irrespective of the type of ET program provided.
Neonatal mortality and associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at public hospitals of Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Mohamed Hamda Ahmed , Shiferaw Zemenu , Roble Abdurahman Kedir , Kure Mohammed Abdurke 
Published: May 2022

Background
Neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in the developing world. Globally, around 2.5 million neonatal deaths are reported annually with the highest mortality concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In comparison with countries demonstrating the lowest neonatal mortality, the risk of mortality is over 30 times higher in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia is among the countries with a high neonatal mortality rate, and the burden of this mortality remains unreported in many pastoralist areas such as Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. We aimed to investigate factors associated with neonatal mortality in public Hospitals of the Somali Regional State in Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1st to 30th, 2020 in three public Hospitals of Somali Regional State in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 510 neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. The charts of neonates were randomly selected and retrieved. Data were collected using a pretested and validated structured questionnaire. The collected were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2013) for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were carried out using frequency tables, proportions, and summary measures. Predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis model and reported using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Statistical significance was considered at a p-value <0.05.

Results
Overall, the neonatal mortality was 18.6% [95%CI (15.31, 22.30)], equating to a rate of 186 per 1000 live births. The most common causes of mortality were prematurity (44.6%), low birth weight (33.5%), and birth asphyxia (27.6%). In the final model of multivariable analysis, predictors such as: lack of antenatal care follow-up[AOR = 3.71, 95%CI (2.13, 6.44)], neonatal sepsis [AOR = 1.84, 95%CI (1.07, 3.19], preterm birth [AOR = 2.20, 95%CI (1.02, 4.29], and birth asphyxia [AOR = 2.40, 95%CI(1.26,4.43)], and birth weight of less than 2500gms[AOR = 3.40, 95%CI(1.92, 6.01)] were statistically associated with neonatal mortality.

Conclusion
In this study, the neonatal mortality rate was high compared to national and global targets because one in five neonates dies due to preventable causes. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified as predictors. This result calls for all stakeholders to provide due attention to low birth weight and premature babies. Early identification and management of birth asphyxia and neonatal sepsis are also very crucial to reduce the risks of neonatal deaths.
Perception and expectations of personal sound amplification products in Korea: A hospital-based, multi-center, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Han Jae Sang , Kim Yeonji , Park Moo Kyun , Song Jae-Jun , Moon Il Joon , Lee Woojoo , Cho Young Sang , Seo Jae-Hyun , Park Yong-Ho 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate current perception and expected price of personal sound amplification products (PSAPs) and to analyze influencing factors through multi-center hospital-based surveys of outpatients, caregivers, and hearing experts.

Methods
A multi-center exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of respondents with two separate surveys: 1) a perception survey of patients and caregivers who visited an otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic in 5 general hospitals and 2) an opinion survey of hearing specialists about the expected price of PSAPs. A total of 197 outpatient visitors responded to the perception survey, and 42 hearing specialists responded to the opinion survey.

Results
Overall perception score (18 questions) was 3.04 (95% CI, 3.00–3.09). When 5 categories of perception (knowledge, needs, cost, expectation, and information categories) were analyzed, cost and expectation showed the highest scores of 3.33 (95% CI, 3.21–3.44) and 3.33 (95% CI, 3.27–3.40), respectively, and needs showed the lowest score of 2.23 (95% CI, 1.97–2.49). The ≥ 60-year-old group showed significantly higher perception of PSAPs (P = 0.002), and the individuals with greater severity of subjective hearing loss showed significantly higher perception of PSAPs (P = 0.002). The expected price of PSAPs of the outpatient visitors was 933.9 USD (95% CI, 811.9–1056.0) per ear. Mean expected price of PSAPs of hearing specialists was 291.3 USD (95% CI, 238.2–344.3) per ear.

Conclusion
The perception rate of PSAPs was very low, and there was a discrepancy in the expected price of PSAPs between patients/caregivers and hearing experts. Hearing specialists should make effort to improve perception of PSAPs.
A simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus after a long-term of receiving hemodialysis renal replacement therapy. Clinical сase
Authors: Salimkhanov R. Kh. , Yevloyeva M. I. , Severina A. S. , Shamkhalova M. Sh. , Trubitsyna N. P. , Moysyuk Y. G. 
Published: May 2022

At the present time, a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is an effective method of treatment for patients on renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis program in the outcome of the terminal stage of diabetic nephropathy. This method of treatment solves several problems: it reduces the severity of intoxication syndrome, contributes to the achievement of euglycemia in most cases, which certainly allows to slow the progression of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Despite of positive effect of euglycaemia and kidney function normalization, the accumulated metabolic memory legacy of long-term uncompensated diabetes mellitus is realized, which makes a posttransplantational rehabilitation of patients difficult. A duration of hemodialysis therapy is known as a cardiovascular events risk factor, which affects the surgery result and favorable posttransplant period. More often after successful SPKT microvascular diabetic complications are stabilized, but macrovascular diabetic complications, diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy and mineral and bone disease are progressed. That’s why is necessary to perform regular examination after SPKT by a team of specialists, including nephrologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist with correction of ongoing therapy. Therefore both the preparation of the patient for transplantation with the earliest possible placement on the waiting list and the post-transplant rehabilitation afterwards are extremely important.
Non‐invasive MR imaging techniques for measuring femoral arterial flow in a pediatric and adolescent cohort
Authors: Caterini Jessica E. , Rendall Kate , Cifra Barbara , Schneiderman Jane E. , Ratjen Felix , Seed Mike , Rayner Tammy , Weiss Ruth , McCrindle Brian W. , Noseworthy Michael D. , Williams Craig A. , Barker Alan R. , Wells Gregory D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is well‐suited for imaging peripheral blood flow due to its non‐invasive nature and excellent spatial resolution. Although MRI is routinely used in adults to assess physiological changes in chronic diseases, there are currently no MRI‐based data quantifying arterial flow in pediatric or adolescent populations during exercise. Therefore the current research sought to document femoral arterial blood flow at rest and following exercise in a pediatric‐adolescent population using phase contrast MRI, and to present test‐retest reliability data for this method. Ten healthy children and adolescents (4 male; mean age 14.8 ± 2.4 years) completed bloodwork and resting and exercise MRI. Baseline images consisted of PC‐MRI of the femoral artery at rest and following a 5 × 30 s of in‐magnet exercise. To evaluate test‐retest reliability, five participants returned for repeat testing. All participants successfully completed exercise testing in the MRI. Baseline flow demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.93, p = 0.006), and peak exercise and delta rest‐peak flow demonstrated good reliability (peak exercise ICC = 0.89, p = 0.002, delta rest‐peak ICC = 0.87, p = 0.003) between‐visits. All three flow measurements demonstrated excellent reliability when assessed with coefficients of variance (CV’s) (rest: CV = 6.2%; peak exercise: CV = 7.3%; delta rest‐peak: CV = 7.1%). The mean bias was small for femoral arterial flow. There was no significant mean bias between femoral artery flow visits 1 and 2 at peak exercise. There were no correlations between age or height and any of the flow measurements. There were no significant differences between male and female participants for any of the flow measurements. The current study determined that peripheral arterial blood flow in children and adolescents can be evaluated using non‐invasive phase contrast MRI. The MRI‐based techniques that were used in the current study for measuring arterial flow in pediatric and adolescent patients demonstrated acceptable test‐retest reliability both at rest and immediately post‐exercise.
Supercomplex supercomplexes: Raison d’etre and functional significance of supramolecular organization in oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Nath Sunil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Following structural determination by recent advances in electron cryomicroscopy, it is now well established that the respiratory Complexes I–IV in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are organized into supercomplexes in the respirasome. Nonetheless, the reason for the existence of the OXPHOS supercomplexes and their functional role remains an enigma. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the existence of these supercomplex supercomplexes. A commonly-held view asserts that they enhance catalysis by substrate channeling. However, this – and other views – has been challenged based on structural and biophysical information. Hence, new ideas, concepts, and frameworks are needed. Here, a new model of energy transfer in OXPHOS is developed on the basis of biochemical data on the pure competitive inhibition of anionic substrates like succinate by the classical anionic uncouplers of OXPHOS (2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, and dicoumarol), and pharmacological data on the unique site-selective, energy-linked inhibition of energy conservation pathways in mitochondria induced by the guanidine derivatives. It is further found that uncouplers themselves are site-specific and exhibit differential selectivity and efficacy in reversing the inhibition caused by the Site 1/Complex I or Site 2/Complexes II–III-selective guanidine derivatives. These results lead to new vistas and sufficient complexity in the network of energy conservation pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that necessitate discrete points of interaction with two classes of guanidine derivatives and uncoupling agents and thereby separate and distinct energy transfer pathways between Site 1 and Site 2 and the intermediate that energizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by Complex V. Interpretation based on Mitchell’s single-ion chemiosmotic theory that postulates only a single energy pool is inadequate to rationalize the data and account for the required complexity. The above results and available information are shown to be explained by Nath’s two-ion theory of energy coupling and ATP synthesis, involving coupled movement of succinate anions and protons, along with the requirement postulated by the theory for maintenance of homeostasis and ion translocation across the energy-transducing membrane of both succinate monoanions and succinate dianions by Complexes I–V in the OXPHOS supercomplexes. The new model of energy transfer in mitochondria is mapped onto the solved structures of the supercomplexes and integrated into a consistent model with the three-dimensional electron microscope computer tomography visualization of the internal structure of the cristae membranes in mammalian mitochondria. The model also offers valuable insights into diseased states induced in type 2 diabetes and especially in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases that involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
Developing a skills-based practical chemistry programme: an integrated, spiral curriculum approach
Authors: Campbell Craig D. , Midson Megan O. , Bergstrom Mann Patrick E. , Cahill Samuel T. , Green Nicholas J. B. , Harris Matthew T. , Hibble Simon J. , O’Sullivan Saskia K. E. , To Trang , Rowlands Lucy J. , Smallwood Zoe M. , Vallance Claire , Worrall Andrew F. , Stewart Malcolm I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Teaching practical laboratory skills is a key component of preparing undergraduate students for future careers in chemistry and elsewhere. In this paper, we present our new strategy to teach practical skills to undergraduate chemistry students. We report a Skills Inventory, a list of the suggested practical skills a graduate chemist should possess; this list was compiled by chemists across the UK. In our new practical course we begin by decoupling the practical skill from the theoretical background, compelling students to first master the basic processes needed to carry out a specific technique. In what we have termed a ‘spiral curriculum’ approach, skills are revisited on multiple occasions, with increasing complexity and greater emphasis on underlying theory. The new course makes links across traditional subdisciplines of chemistry to avoid compartmentalisation of ideas.
Machine learning doped MgB2 superconductor critical temperature from topological indices
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the absence of weak-links in grain boundaries, less anisotropy, and high availabilities at reasonable cost, magnesium boride, MgB2, has been studied extensively in the past decade. It has relatively high critical temperature, which is correlated to crystallographic and electronic structures. Two topological indices, the electric connectivity index and valence energy level connectivity, are characteristics of compound branching. We develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between topological descriptors and superconducting transition temperature for doped MgB2 superconductors. The model is highly accurate and stable, which contributes to fast predictions of superconducting transition temperature.
The study of the particle size effect on the physical properties of TiO2/cellulose acetate composite films
Authors: Ali Hajer A. , Hameed Nahida J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cast method was used to synthesize cellulose acetate (CA)/titanium oxide (TiO2) composites by varying TiO2 particle sizes at different weight ratios of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 wt%. The relationship between structural diversity and performance was explored. Microstructures and chemical composition of as-prepared composite films were revealed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The tensile strength increased from 46.8 MPa for pure CA to 54.7 MPa for the CA-1% micro-TiO2 composite and 81.7 MPa for the CA-2% nano-TiO2 composite, according to the mechanical properties. The tensile strength decreased due to some degrees of agglomeration of filler particles above a critical content. UV-vis transmittance spectra showed that pure CA was almost transparent, CA-micro-TiO2 films were less transparent than pure CA, and CA-nano-TiO2 films could efficiently block the light. XRD diffraction for the synthesized membranes was performed. The patterns of micro-TiO2 and nano-TiO2 were shown as 2θ = 25° for the anatase phase and 2θ = 18.5 for the pure CA film, respectively. The hydrophilicity of films was also measured using the sessile drop technique. The contact angle value for the pure CA was 61.3°. As the amount of TiO2 added to the films increased, the contact angles of the CA-micro TiO2 and CA-nano TiO2 films reduced from 53.2° to 29° and from 51.5° to 27°, respectively. The produced films’ improved wettability indicated that these films could be employed as filters.
A 2-bp deletion mutation in SMPD1 gene leading to lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in a Chinese consanguineous pedigree
Authors: Kang Han , Zhou Min , Xie Chengxiu , Lu Kangmo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Niemann–Pick disease type A (NPDA, MIM: 257200) is an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis caused by lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) deficiency. A cluster of genes located at chromosome 11p15 have been reported to be imprinted genes, such as TSSC5, TSSC3, and ZNF215 that flanking SMPD1 gene. It was reported by a few recent studies that SMPD1 gene was paternally imprinted and maternally preferentially expressed.

Case presentation
A five-month-old boy with severe anemia, hepatosplenomegly and bone marrow foam cells was recruited from a complete cousin couple. To determine whether boy suffered from NPDA, ASM activity and SMPD1 gene sequencing were performed on available individuals of this pedigree including the proband, his parents and sister. The ASM activities of proband and parents showed deficiency (17.7 nmol/h/g-protein) and about 50% decreased (83.3 nmol/h/g-protein), respectively, compared with normal controls (204.5 nmol/h/g-protein). SMPD1 gene sequencing in the proband revealed a homozygous mutation c.1420_1421del, which leads to an open reading frameshift and a premature stop codon. The parents and some individuals of this family demonstrated heterozygous mutation at this locus. To investigate whether SMPD1 gene is imprinted as reported previously, the expression of RNA level was studied in the whole family members available. The members with heterozygous mutation for c.1420_1421del showed that both paternal and maternal inherited alleles were expressed.

Conclusions
This study reported a c.1420_1421del mutation in SMPD1 gene which caused ASM activity decrease and this locus was biallelically expressed in heterozygous subjects implicating SMPD1 is not imprinted in this family.
Steady state thermal hydraulic modelling of WWR-S tank-in-pool research reactor for the purpose of its power upgrading
Authors: Ibrahim Said M.A. , Esawy Mohamed H. , Yousif Hossam I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a newly developed steady state core thermal hydraulic model (named SSTH-RR10 model) for upgrading the Egyptian first Research Reactor (ETRR-1), from its original power of 2 MWth to a higher level of 10 MWth, by considering different types of nuclear fuels. The SSTH-RR10 model is capable to predict and calculate, by means of a developed computer program, all the steady state thermal hydraulic parameters for the defined core configuration for each fuel type at 10 MWth. Three different fuel types were investigated: the reference fuel EK-10 rod type, the MTR plate type, and the IRT-4M ducted type. For each fuel type, the distribution of central fuel, clad, and coolant temperatures for average and hot channels of the core were predicted in the axial direction. Power distributions and pressure gradients were predicted as well. Moreover, the program calculates the safety limits and margins against the critical phenomena encountered such as the Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB), Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), and the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI). Results of the SSTH-RR10 program for benchmarks of powers of 2 and 10 MWth are verified by comparing it with the published results of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and those published for other programs such as PARET code, and very good agreement is found. The safety margins against ONB and DNB were evaluated in which the minimum DNB ratio was found to be about 3.1, which gives a sufficient margin against the DNB. The present work gives confidence in the model results and applications.