bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear wave elastography evaluation of cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Appleby Ryan B , Vaden Shelly L , Monteith Gabrielle , Seiler Gabriela S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health condition in cats that can lead to poor quality of life and financial implications for therapy. Currently staging and identification of CKD is limited by diagnostic testing such as creatinine and urine‐specific gravity, which do not change until late in the disease course. Other methods to evaluate CKD would be valuable in the clinical setting. Shear wave elastography is one novel ultrasound method, which has shown promise in identifying increases in tissue stiffness and identifying CKD in people. As CKD is often histologically characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis, shear wave elastography has the potential to identify CKD and differentiate between stages of CKD in cats. This prospective observational case‐control study with 78 cats found no difference in shear wave velocities between groups (P = 0.33), a contradictory finding to one prior publication. There was no effect of weight (P = 0.65), nor the presence of mineralization (P = 0.31) or infarction (P = 0.52) on cortical shear wave velocities. There was a significant effect of age on shear wave velocity (P = 0.018) where velocities increased with age. The intraclass correlation coefficient was only moderate (0.62). Possible reasons for the difference in results between our work and that published prior, include differences in methodology and differences in instrumentation. Variability in measurements in our population may be due to the effects of respiratory motion or limitations in shear wave elastography software. As such, shear wave elastography is not currently recommended as a tool to evaluate CKD in cats and further work is necessary.
DISPOSABLE BODIES, DISABLED MINDS, AND CHRISTIAN HOPE: RESURRECTION IN LIGHT OF TRANSHUMANISM AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Authors: Sloane Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis piece brings into critical conversation Christian resurrection hope, virtual versions of transhumanism, and intellectual disability and demonstrates that Christian resurrection provides a more cogent hope for people with severe intellectual disabilities than transhumanism. I argue that transhumanist virtual futures are theologically problematic, as bodily resurrection is neither required nor desirable. It is particularly problematic for people with severe intellectual disabilities given the way they would be excluded from these futures. Disability theology also raises issues with the traditional notions of “healing” in the resurrection and the implications for the value and identity of persons with intellectual disabilities. Starting with these problems, I explore the nature of Christian hope, noting the inadequacies of a virtual transhumanist future with respect to both resurrection faith and intellectual disability, and address how resurrection hope can account for issues raised in disability theology, and so properly include people with intellectual disabilities.
Critical considerations of the contribution of the corticomotoneuronal pathway to central fatigue
Authors: Amann Markus , Sidhu Simranjit K. , McNeil Chris J. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeural drive originating in higher brain areas reaches exercising limb muscles through the corticospinal‐motoneuronal pathway, which links the motor cortex and spinal motoneurones. The properties of this pathway have frequently been observed to change during fatiguing exercise in ways that could influence the development of central fatigue (i.e. the progressive reduction in voluntary muscle activation). However, based on differences in motor cortical and motoneuronal excitability between exercise modalities (e.g. single‐joint vs. locomotor exercise), there is no characteristic response that allows for a categorical conclusion about the effect of these changes on functional impairments and performance limitations. Despite the lack of uniformity in findings during fatigue, there is strong evidence for marked ‘inhibition’ of motoneurones as a direct result of voluntary drive. Endogenous forms of neuromodulation, such as via serotonin released from neurones, can directly affect motoneuronal output and central fatigue. Exogenous forms of neuromodulation, such as brain stimulation, may achieve a similar effect, although the evidence is weak. Non‐invasive transcranial direct current stimulation can cause transient or long‐lasting changes in cortical excitability; however, variable results across studies cast doubt on its claimed capacity to enhance performance. Furthermore, with these studies, it is difficult to establish a cause‐and‐effect relationship between brain responsiveness and exercise performance. This review briefly summarizes changes in the corticomotoneuronal pathway during various types of exercise, and considers the relevance of these changes for the development of central fatigue, as well as the potential of non‐invasive brain stimulation to enhance motor cortical excitability, motoneuronal output and, ultimately, exercise performance.
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Effect of Different Arrangements of V-Shaped Ribs on the Performance of an Optically Enhanced Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Altwijri Faisal , Sherif S. A. , Alshwairekh Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, a V-shaped ribbed tube is utilized to improve the thermal performance of a parabolic trough collector (PTC). Six different rib arrangements are employed, and a detailed analysis is presented. In addition, the effect of adopting a secondary reflector (SR) on the temperature distribution around both a smooth and a ribbed parabolic trough receiver (PTR) tube is conducted. A computational fluid dynamics model is employed to study the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics inside the tube. Results show that V-shaped ribs are an effective tool to stir up the flow and increase the velocity gradient of the fluid near the inner surface of the tube. This helps increase the convective heat transfer rate and reduce the tube’s maximum circumferential temperature. Moreover, results from the study show that the secondary reflector contributes to a further decrease in the tube surface temperature and hence improves the overall thermal efficiency of the collector. The combination of a V-shaped ribbed PTR tube and a secondary reflector is thus shown to be beneficial for the PTC system, especially at high Reynolds numbers.
Development of a Dynamic Model for Simulating the Transient Behaviour of a Solar-Powered Micro Gas Turbine
Authors: Shamekhi Amiri S. , Al-Zaili J. , Sayma A. I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The combination of small micro gas turbines with solar dish concentrators (CSP-MGT) benefits from the high-power density and reliability. Intrinsically, the intermittent solar irradiation leads to transient operation. The main aim of this paper is to present the development of a dynamic model that can evaluate the transient behaviour of the CSP-MGT system during start-up and shut-down phase. The model can be further used to design the system controller and to predict the dynamic performance of the system. A mathematical dynamic model was developed, which comprises of several subsystems that are representative of CSP-MGT components and thermodynamic relationships between them. The compressor and turbine operating points are determined from associated performance maps previously calculated using computational fluid dynamics. A Proportional-Integral controller was adopted for controlling the shaft speed of the system to follow a predefined speed schedule. The model has been validated using experimental data. The developed dynamic model can be used for further studies, including finding start-up power consumption and analysis of transient behaviour of CSP-MGT systems in response to Direct nominal irradiation (DNI) changes.
Fast and Integrated Tools for Forced Response Prediction: An Application to a Transonic Compressor Rotor Blisk
Authors: Pinelli Lorenzo , Bandini Alberto , Marconcini Michele , Amedei Andrea , Meli Enrico , Rindi Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When it comes to turbomachinery, modern design trend has always been to decrease the number of stages and blade count, leading to thinner, lighter, and more loaded blades, while maintaining high efficiency and performance. This trend however may lead to mechanical issues caused by fluid-structure interaction, such as flutter and forced response. That is the reason why developing fast and highly efficient tools to properly take into account these phenomena, starting from the early design stages, is fundamental to ensure that no resonance problems occur during operation, due to the periodic nature of the aerodynamic loading. In this regard, this paper presents an integrated tool-chain for forced response assessment of bladed disks, and an application to a transonic compressor rotor blisk for validation purposes. Starting from CFD URANS simulations of a multi-stage environment, the procedure employs a dedicated in-house tool to extract the spinning pressure perturbations acting on the blade row surface, by means of a temporal and spatial Fourier decomposition. Then, a second in-house tool, integrated in the CFD framework, computes the modal work done by each rotating perturbation acting on the corresponding blade mode-shape, to predict the forced response amplitude. Resulting displacement amplitude is then compared to numerical results obtained with a commercial FEM code applied to the same test-case. This method was conceived for a high integration in a CFD environment based on the URANS solver TRAF, developed at the University of Florence. The presented procedure requires as input only the blade mode-shapes of interest from FEM analysis, while aerodamping and forced response assessment are integrated in the CFD framework. The comparisons with commercial code results validate the proposed methodology highlighting the relevant saving of setup and computational time.
Simulation and Investigation of an Intentionally Mistuned Blisk Rotor in a High Pressure Compressor
Authors: Yang Jingjie , Beirow Bernd , Giersch Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In modern aircraft engines, the blade integrated disk (blisk) technology is widely implemented. While the blisk design brings numerous advantages including weight reduction, aerodynamic efficiency improvement, and manufacturing simplification, its low mechanical damping due to the absence of friction between disk and blades makes the rotor more susceptible to vibration. Given that damages to blisk rotors sometimes require the whole assembly to be replaced, effort has been made to alleviate the unexpected vibration amplitude within operating range, among which intentional mistuning is regarded as one of the commonly used techniques. Mistuning refers to blade-to-blade deviation of mechanical properties, which is inevitable in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or wear. Through the application of intentional mistuning, it is expected that the amplitude of synchronous or non-synchronous vibration (NSV) will be reduced without severely losing aerodynamic performance.
In this paper, the effect of intentional mistuning has been investigated for the blisk rotor of a 1.5-stage transonic research compressor at Technical University of Darmstadt. According to the previous test campaign, the baseline rotor has shown its susceptibility to NSV due to the first torsion mode in the near stall region. Attempts have been made to alleviate this problem by using intentional mistuning. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the applied mistuning pattern, simulations were performed using a finite-volume-method (FVM) based CFD solver to produce comparable results as shown in the test campaign. In the simulation, mistuned systems were modeled in comparison with the nominal tuned reference. Geometrical disturbance and frequency disturbance were introduced to the tuned model first separately and then simultaneously. In this way, the contribution of aerodynamic and structural mistuning to suppress NSV is identified based on the aeroelastic output.
A Novel Low-Cost Approach to Testing High-Cycle Fatigue Limits
Authors: Mendez Betances Luis , Armaly Samer , Kauffman Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a low-cost system for testing high-cycle fatigue (HCF) limits of critical components and materials. Fatigue testing is hugely time intensive and vibration shaker time is often prioritized for other tests. The basic system produces fully reversed bending in beam-like coupons, though the principles could be adapted to other test configurations. The system consists of an AC motor, variable frequency drive (VFD), eccentric cam / connecting rod, sliding base, and feedback controller; together, they provide base motion to drive a test specimen. An immediate drawback is the fixed base motion displacement amplitude, which depends solely on the cam’s eccentricity. As such, the system leverages the dynamic response of the test specimen to induce the intended vibration amplitude. The system drives the test specimen near resonance and exploits the steep slope of the test specimen’s frequency response function magnitude so that even small changes in motor speed can produce appreciable changes in the vibration amplitude. Feedback control drives a measurement of the vibration level to a desired level. Initial testing has been conducted generating root bending strains in excess of 2000 microstrain for 2.5 mm thick cantilever steel beams for durations on the order of 1 million cycles and strains as high as 1% for hundreds of cycles.
On the Dynamic Response of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom System With Dry Friction and Elastic Stop
Authors: Jiang Liming , Su Zhimin , Hong Jie , Ma Yanhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The contact interface is one of the essential components of structural systems, introducing friction and non-smooth constraints, which will cause nonlinear dynamic behavior. This survey provides an insight into the dynamic response of a simplified model with two moving parts in detail. The proposed model can be applied to analyze the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with pedestal looseness fault. First, a two-degree-of-freedom system is established, and the nonlinear force caused by friction and elastic stop is introduced between the two moving parts. Dimensionless governing equations are derived, and the harmonic balance method and the shooting method are used to obtain the periodic solution. Floquet theory and Poincaré mapping are applied to analyze stability. The amplitude-frequency curves obtained by the two methods are compared considering friction merely, and the accuracy of the harmonic balance method is verified by the numerical integration method. Then, the features of energy dissipation versus excitation frequency are present, and influences of friction force amplitudes on the dynamic response are studied. The periodic solution is unstable considering friction and elastic stop in some excitation frequency ranges, and Hopf bifurcations exist correspondingly, indicating quasi-periodic motion occurs. The frequency domain of periodic motion contains super-harmonic components merely, while the frequency domain of quasi-periodic signal is composed of combined frequencies. Since Hopf bifurcation indicates a new periodic solution whose frequency is incommensurable with the original one, a formula for explaining combined frequencies is presented. Meanwhile, there are multiple collisions phenomena per cycle in time history. Finally, the influences of parameters on the dynamic response are studied. Note that the model in this survey may be regarded as a single-degree-of-freedom system with a friction-impact damper, which is beneficial to design nonlinear vibration absorbers based on friction and impact for vibration suppression.
Transition from pediatric to adult care in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal analysis of age at transfer and gap in care
Authors: Soliman Diana , Crowley Matthew J , Manning Alison , Rikhi Aruna , Chiswell Karen , Goldstein Benjamin A , Maslow Gary 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of suboptimal glycemic control and high acute care utilization. Little is known about the optimal age to transfer people with T1D to adult care, or time gap between completing pediatric care and beginning adult endocrinology care.Research design and methodsThis retrospective, longitudinal study examined the transition of AYAs with T1D who received endocrinology care within Duke University Health System. We used linear multivariable or Poisson regression modeling to assess the association of (1) sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with gap in care and age at transfer among AYAs and (2) the impact of gap in care and age at transfer on subsequent glycemic control and acute care utilization.ResultsThere were 214 subjects included in the analysis (54.2% female, 72.8% white). The median time to transition and age at transition were 8.0 months and 21.5 years old, respectively. The median gap in care was extended by a factor of 3.39 (95% CI=1.25 to 9.22, p=0.02) for those who did not see a mental health provider pre-transfer. Individuals who did not see a diabetes educator in pediatrics had an increase in mean age at transition of 2.62 years (95% CI=0.93 to 4.32, p<0.01). The post-transfer emergency department visit rate was increased for every month increase in gap in care by a relative factor of 1.07 (95% CI=1.03 to 1.11, p<0.01). For every year increase in age at transition, post-transfer hospitalization rate was associated with a reduction of a relative factor of 0.62 (95% CI=0.45 to 0.85, p<0.01) and emergency department visit rate by 0.58 (95% CI=0.45 to 0.76, p<0.01).ConclusionsMost AYAs with T1D have a prolonged gap in care. When designing interventions to improve health outcomes for AYAs transitioning from pediatric to adult-based care, we should aim to minimize gaps in care.
Comparison of published core outcome sets with outcomes recommended in regulatory guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency: cross sectional analysis
Authors: Saldanha Ian J , Dodd Susanna , Fish Rebecca , Gorst Sarah L , Hall Deborah A , Jacobsen Pamela , Kirkham Jamie J , Trepel Dominic , Williamson Paula R 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes in published core outcome sets with the outcomes recommended in corresponding guidance documents from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), matched by health condition.DesignCross sectional analysis.SettingUS and Europe.PopulationSample of core outcome sets related to drugs, devices, and gene therapy that involved patients in the consensus process, published between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019; and corresponding EMA and FDA guidance documents.Main outcome measuresThe extent of matches between outcomes included within core outcome sets and those recommended in corresponding EMA and FDA guidance documents were assessed. Matches were considered to be general (ie, non-specific) or specific (ie, exact). General matches were assessed to determine whether the core outcome set or guidance document outcome was narrower.ResultsRelevant guidance documents were found for for 38 (39%) of 98 eligible published core outcome sets. Among outcomes in core outcome sets, medians of 70% (interquartile range 48-86%) and 52% (33-77%) were matches with outcomes recommended in EMA and FDA documents, respectively. Medians of 46% (27-68%) and 26% (18-46%) were specific matches with outcomes in EMA and FDA documents, respectively. When outcomes were generally matched, the outcomes from core outcome sets were more frequently narrower than the regulatory outcomes (83% and 75% for EMA and FDA, respectively).ConclusionGreater adoption of, and reference to, core outcome sets in regulatory guidance documents can encourage clinical trialists, especially those in industry, to measure and report consistent and agreed outcomes and improve the quality of guidance. Given the overlap between outcomes in core outcome sets and regulatory guidance, and given that most core outcome sets now involve patients in the consensus process, these sets could serve as a useful resource for regulators when recommending outcomes for studies evaluating regulated products. Developers are encouraged to appraise recommended outcomes in salient regulatory documents when planning a core outcome set.
Perceived feasibility, facilitators and barriers to incorporating point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 into emergency medical services by ambulance service staff: a survey-based approach
Authors: Green Kile , Micocci Massimo , Hicks Timothy , Winter Amanda , Martin Joanne E , Shinkins Bethany , Shaw Lisa , Price Christopher , Davies Kerrie , Allen Joy A 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis body of work aimed to elicit ambulance service staff’s perceptions on the barriers and facilitators to adoption, and clinical utility of incorporating rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing during ambulance assessments.DesignA mixed-methods survey-based project using a framework analysis method to organise qualitative data.SettingEmergency and non-emergency care ambulatory services in the UK were approached to take part.ParticipantsCurrent, practising members of the UK ambulance service (paramedics, technicians, assistants and other staff) were included in this body of work.ResultsSurvey 1: 226 responses were collected between 3 December 2020 and 11 January 2021, 179 (79.2%) of which were completed in full. While the majority of respondents indicated that an ambulance-based testing strategy was feasible in concept (143/190, 75.3%), major barriers to adoption were noted. Many open-ended responses cited concerns regarding misuse of the service by the general public and other healthcare services, timing and conveyance issues, and increased workloads, alongside training and safety concerns. Survey 2: 26 responses were received between 8 February 2021 and 22 February 2021 to this follow-up survey. Survey 2 revealed conveyance decision-making, and risk stratification to be the most frequently prioritised use cases among ambulance service staff. Optimal test characteristics for clinical adoption according to respondents were; accuracy (above 90% sensitivity and specificity), rapidity (<30 min time to results) and ease of sample acquisition.ConclusionsThe majority of commercially available lateral flow devices are unlikely to be supported by paramedics as their duty of care requires both rapid and accurate results that can inform clinical decision making in an emergency situation. Further investigation is needed to define acceptable test characteristics and criteria required for ambulance service staff to be confident and supportive of deployment of a SARS-CoV-2 test in an emergency care setting.