bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing fatigue in UK nurses working in respiratory clinical areas during the second wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic: An online survey
Authors: Roberts Nicola J. , McAloney‐Kocaman Kareena , Lippiett Kate , Ray Emma , Welch Lindsay , Kelly Carol A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study explores UK nurses' experiences of working in a respiratory clinical area during the COVID‐19 pandemic over winter 2020.BackgroundDuring the first wave of the pandemic, nurses working in respiratory clinical areas experienced significant levels of anxiety and depression. As the pandemic has progressed, levels of fatigue in nurses have not been assessed.MethodsA cross‐sectional e‐survey was distributed via professional respiratory societies and social media. The survey included Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9, depression), a resilience scale (RS‐14) and Chalder mental and physical fatigue tools. The STROBE checklist was followed as guidance to write the manuscript.ResultsDespite reporting anxiety and depression, few nurses reported having time off work with stress, most were maintaining training and felt prepared for COVID challenges in their current role. Nurses reported concerns over safety and patient feedback was both positive and negative. A quarter of respondents reported wanting to leave nursing. Nurses experiencing greater physical fatigue reported higher levels of anxiety and depression.ConclusionsNurses working in respiratory clinical areas were closely involved in caring for COVID‐19 patients. Nurses continued to experience similar levels of anxiety and depression to those found in the first wave and reported symptoms of fatigue (physical and mental). A significant proportion of respondents reported considering leaving nursing. Retention of nurses is vital to ensure the safe functioning of already overstretched health services. Nurses would benefit from regular mental health check‐ups to ensure they are fit to practice and receive the support they need to work effectively.Relevance to clinical practiceA high proportion of nurses working in respiratory clinical areas have been identified as experiencing fatigue in addition to continued levels of anxiety, depression over winter 2020. Interventions need to be implemented to help provide mental health support and improve workplace conditions to minimise PTSD and burnout.
Development of a live coding method to assess infant/toddler food acceptance
Authors: Moding Kameron J. , Bonvecchio Arenas Anabelle , Rawlinson Cloe , Okronipa Harriet , Pacheco‐Miranda Selene , Boenig Rebecca , Flesher Abigail E. , Johnson Susan L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractValidated measures predicting infant consumption of nutrient supplements or fortified foods are essential for the success of nutritional interventions to improve undernutrition. Behavioural coding of food acceptance is one promising approach, though the required time and resources are limiting. The overarching goal of the present study was to adapt a video coding (VC) protocol for use as a live coding (LC) method to assess infant food acceptance in naturalistic settings. Infants (n = 59; ages 7–24 months) were fed a small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplement (SQ‐LNS) mixed with a familiar food by caregivers in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Trained coders used a VC scheme to rate infant acceptance of each spoon offer using a 4‐point scale. The VC scheme was subsequently adapted for use as an LC method to be used in participant homes and a video live coding (VLC) method to monitor reliability. Reliability and validity of the LC method were tested in a subsample of dyads (n = 20). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated that the inter‐rater reliability between coders using the LC method was moderate or good when compared to VC methods (ICCs = 0.75 and 0.87). Live coded acceptance scores were also moderately associated with consumption of the SQ‐LNS (ρ = 0.50, p = 0.03). The LC scheme demonstrated initial reliability and validity as an assessment of infant food acceptance. Since VC is both resource and time‐intensive, the LC scheme may be useful for assessing infant food acceptance in resource‐limited settings.
Magnitude, trends and drivers of the coexistence of maternal overweight/obesity and childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (2005–2016)
Authors: Pradeilles Rebecca , Irache Ana , Norris Tom , Chitekwe Stanley , Laillou Arnaud , Baye Kaleab 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEthiopia faces a rising problem of overweight and obesity alongside a high prevalence of undernutrition; a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). This study aimed to quantify the magnitude and trends of household‐level DBM—defined as the coexistence of maternal overweight/obesity and child undernutrition (i.e., stunting or anaemia)—in Ethiopia between 2005, 2011 and 2016 and understand the potential drivers influencing DBM and the change in DBM over time. Data come from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. National and regional prevalence estimates of the DBM were calculated (n = 13,107). Equiplots were produced to display inequalities in the distribution of DBM. Factors associated with DBM were explored using pooled multivariable logistic regression analyses for 2005, 2011 and 2016 (n = 9358). These were also included in a logistic regression decomposition analysis to understand their contribution to the change in DBM between 2005 and 2016 (n = 5285). The prevalence of household‐level DBM at the national level was low, with a modest increase from 2.4% in 2005% to 3.5% in 2016. This masks important within‐country variability, with substantially higher prevalence in Addis Ababa (22.8%). Factors positively associated with DBM were maternal age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04 [1.02, 1.06]), urban residence (OR = 3.12 [2.24, 4.36]), wealth (OR = 1.14 [1.06, 1.24]) and the number of children <5 in the household (OR = 1.30 [1.12, 1.49]). Overall, 70.5% of the increase in DBM between 2005 and 2016 was attributed to increased wealth, urban residence and region. Double‐duty actions that address multiple forms of malnutrition are urgently needed in urban settings.
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A review of animal models induced by surgical interventions
Authors: Zhou Jiahao , Ren Rong , Li Zhen , Zhu Songsong , Jiang Nan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe pathological mechanism of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is still unclear. Animal models induced by surgical interventions are one of the most ideal tools to imitate human pathological conditions. This review aims to define the similarities and differences of different surgical animal models.MethodsArticles of TMJOA surgical animal models were collected including anterior disc displacement, disc perforation, and discectomy. We analyzed their experiments strategies based on comparing preoperative selection, intraoperative methodology, and postoperative manifestations.ResultsNo matter which surgical intervention is selected, abnormal stress forces the whole joint to remodel its structure so that it could adapt to functional requirements, resulting in TMJOA eventually. However, anterior disc displacement needs more than 16 weeks to obtain typical manifestations, where the methodology is complicated. The course of perforation and discectomy is around 12–16 weeks, but they could cause excessive damage to the TMJ structure.ConclusionsAll surgical interventions can cause TMJOA, but the extent of pathology varies from each other. This review will assist future experiments to better understand the pathogenesis of TMJOA and choose the most appropriate model.
Paced P‐wave duration as a significant predictor for atrial high‐rate episodes in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Campal José M. Rubio , Arjona Alberto Sánchez , Talavera Camila S. García , Calero Loreto Bravo , Rivera Carla Lázaro , Cortegana Francisco Díaz , Tuñón José , Baranchuk Adrián M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial pacing (AP) can unmask or aggravate a preexisting interatrial block (IAB). The aim of our study was to determine whether AP is associated with the development of atrial high‐rate episodes (AHRE) during follow‐up.MethodsPatients with dual‐chamber cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), no previous documented atrial fibrillation, and with a 6‐month minimum follow‐up were included. In all patients, sinus and paced P‐wave duration were measured. AHRE was defined as an episode of atrial rate ≥225 bpm with a minimum duration of 5 min, excluding those documented during the first 3 months after implantation.ResultsA total of 220 patients were included (75 ± 10 years, 61% male). After a mean follow‐up of 59 ± 25 months, 46% of patients presented AHRE. Mean paced P‐wave duration was significantly longer than the sinus P‐wave duration (154 ± 27 vs. 115 ± 18 ms; p < .001). Sinus and paced P‐waves were significantly longer in those who developed AHRE (sinus: 119 ± 20 vs. 112 ± 16; p = .006; paced: 161 ± 29 vs. 148 ± 23; p < .001). A paced P‐wave ≥160 ms was the best predictor of AHRE, especially those lasting >24 h (odds ratio [OR] 4.2 [95% confidence interval (CI)] [1.6–11.4]; p = .004).ConclusionsAP significantly prolongs P‐wave duration and is associated with further development of AHRE. A paced P‐wave ≥160 ms is a strong predictor of AHRE and should be taken into consideration as a new definition of IAB in the presence of AP.
Supplementation with kaempferol relieves oxidative stress and enhances development of early bovine embryos in vitro
Authors: Zhao Baobao , Ding Xinyi , Wang Xiaoyan , Sun Yu , Gao Song , Song Xuexiao , Zhang Bihan , Zhang Yong , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) has been considered the principle cause of developmental failure of early embryos cultured in vitro; therefore, the addition of antioxidants is very important for improving in vitro culture (IVC) systems. Various antioxidants have been tested for IVC systems, but most have exhibited some side effects. Kaempferol (3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐[4‐hydroxyphenyl]‐4 h‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one, KAE) is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant activity and no obvious side effects. This study explored the effect of KAE on antioxidant capacity and developmental competence of bovine embryos after fertilization. KAE was added to bovine IVC medium and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 2‐, 4‐ and 8‐cell stage embryos and increased blastocyst formation. In addition, the level of H3K9ac was increased, the apoptotic index was reduced and total cell numbers and trophectoderm cell numbers in day 7 blastocysts were increased significantly in KAE‐treated embryos compared to control. Expression of the apoptotic gene, Bcl‐2, was higher in blastocysts after KAE treatment, while expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes, Bip and HDAC1, and the pro‐apoptotic gene, Bax, were significantly lower in the KAE group. Thus, KAE significantly reduced ROS damage and improved development of IVC bovine embryos.
Geographical distribution of SARS‐CoV‐2 amino acids mutations and the concomitant evolution of seven distinct clades in non‐human hosts
Authors: Magateshvaren Saras Murali Aadhitya , Patro L. Ponoop Prasad , Uttamrao Patil Pranita , Rathinavelan Thenmalarchelvi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince its first emergence in December 2019, the world has witnessed the eruption of mutations in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome that have led to increased viral transmissibility and pathogenicity due to sustained local viral transmission. Zooanthroponotic and zoonotic transmissions have further raised concerns as they could result in the emergence of viral variants with a novel antigenicity and transmissibility that could jeopardize the vaccine efficacy. To understand the viral evolution during such transmissions, 1016 whole‐genome sequences (deposited in GISAID as of March 7, 2022) (from 18 countries) corresponding to mink, cat, deer, dog, hyena, tiger, lion, gorilla, Syrian hamster, leopard cat, fishing cat, bear cat, coati, ferret, snow leopard and green monkey have been analysed here. Intriguingly, phyloproteome analysis indicate that Nsp2:R218C, Nsp2:D268‐(deletion), Spike:D614G, Nsp12:P323L, Nsp2:A192V, ORF3a protein:Q57H, N protein:R203K and N protein:G204R/L, Spike:A222V, ORF10 protein:V30L and N protein:A220V are moderate or high recurring and clade decisive mutations, leading to 6 primary clades during the early stage of pandemic. Most interestingly, the human evolved delta variant having a combination of 26 (clade decisive) mutations defines the seventh clade and transmits to non‐human hosts across the globe without exhibiting any country‐specific mutation(s). Nonetheless, Spike:D614G and Nsp12:P323L together with (i)N protein:R203K,N protein:G204R/L,Spike:V70‐, Spike:H69‐, Nsp12:T739I, and Nsp1:M85‐, (ii)Nsp2:A192V, Nsp3:D178Y, (iii)Nsp2:T85I, N protein:P67S and ORF3a protein:Q57H and (iv)Spike:A222V, ORF10 protein:V30L, N protein:A220V and Spike:F486I are specific to Denmark, Netherlands, USA and Latvia respectively and, (v)Nsp2:D268‐ and Nsp13:R292C that are devoid of Spike:D614G and Nsp12:P323L is specific to Netherlands. SARS‐CoV‐2 variants consisting of these mutations are also seen in the human SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences from the same country. Independent country‐specific SARS‐CoV‐2 variant evolution further indicates distinct epidemiological dynamics during zooanthroponotic and zoonotic transmissions. Thus, the results presented here indicate the need for the surveillance of viral evolution in non‐human hosts also during the future pandemic.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Cylindrical Combustion Chamber Diameter-to-Depth Ratio on the Performance of Stoichiometric Natural Gas Engine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Authors: Qian Yejian , Wei Xiaofei , Hua Yang , Meng Shun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, three cylindrical combustion chambers with different diameter-to-depth ratios were designed to accelerate the flame propagation and enhance the combustion ratio of CH4 in a stoichiometric natural gas engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The effects of the diameter-to-depth ratio on the combustion and emission and the interaction between the flow field distribution and flame propagation were investigated numerically. The results showed that the value of the swirl ratio and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the top dead center (TDC) could be increased continuously with a smaller diameter-to-depth ratio, which was conducive to promoting the uniform flame spread in the radial direction and enhanced the combustion efficiency. The peaks of pressure, heat release rate (HRR), and temperature dramatically increased by using the cylindrical chamber with a higher swirl ratio and higher TKE in the stoichiometric natural gas engines, thereby allowing more fuel energy to be released near the TDC in the chamber. The cylindrical chamber with the diameter-to-depth ratio of 2.36 displayed a higher peak value of combustion pressure and temperature, smaller CH4 and CO emissions, but more NOx emission, compared to other chambers. Moreover, the raised bottom bulge of the piston distorted the flame front, which accelerated the flame speed in the vertical direction. The CA50 was therefore advanced to the TDC. Thus, the cylindrical chamber with the increased squish area and the raised bottom bulge was conducive for the stoichiometric natural gas engine with EGR.
Adapted Physical Educators’ Experiences With School Administration and Marginalization
Authors: McNamara Scott W.T. , Richards Kevin Andrew , Trad Alyssa M. , Abdallah Sarena , Hill Lauren 
Published: May 2022

Background: While preliminary research has indicated that adapted physical education (APE) teachers experience marginalization, little research has examined how specific relationships factor into these experiences. Purpose: This study sought to examine APE teachers’ experiences and perceptions of school administrators. Methodology: Occupational socialization theory was used to guide semistructured interviews with 24 APE teachers about their relationship with administrators. Results: A collaborative approach to qualitative data analysis was used to construct four themes: (a) APE teachers are socialized to be marginal and settle for inadequate support; (b) negative impressions of general physical education led to a similar outlook on APE; (c) administrators focus on compliance with mandates over quality practice in APE; and (d) support depends on administrative effort, and many administrators look uncomfortable in the gym. Conclusion: Although these findings shed light on the complex, and often absent, relationship between APE teachers and their administrators, still additional research is needed.
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Wenrui , Luo Cong , Huang Jing , Li Chenglong , Liu Zhixiong , Liu Fangkun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy after adjustment for at least minimal confounding factors.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWeb of Science, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from 1 January 1990 to 1 November 2021.Review methodsCohort studies and control arms of trials reporting complications of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion. Based on the use of insulin, studies were divided into three subgroups: no insulin use (patients never used insulin during the course of the disease), insulin use (different proportions of patients were treated with insulin), and insulin use not reported. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the status of the country (developed or developing), quality of the study, diagnostic criteria, and screening method. Meta-regression models were applied based on the proportion of patients who had received insulin.Results156 studies with 7 506 061 pregnancies were included, and 50 (32.1%) showed a low or medium risk of bias. In studies with no insulin use, when adjusted for confounders, women with gestational diabetes mellitus had increased odds of caesarean section (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.32), preterm delivery (1.51, 1.26 to 1.80), low one minute Apgar score (1.43, 1.01 to 2.03), macrosomia (1.70, 1.23 to 2.36), and infant born large for gestational age (1.57, 1.25 to 1.97). In studies with insulin use, when adjusted for confounders, the odds of having an infant large for gestational age (odds ratio 1.61, 1.09 to 2.37), or with respiratory distress syndrome (1.57, 1.19 to 2.08) or neonatal jaundice (1.28, 1.02 to 1.62), or requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (2.29, 1.59 to 3.31), were higher in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes. No clear evidence was found for differences in the odds of instrumental delivery, shoulder dystocia, postpartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, neonatal death, low five minute Apgar score, low birth weight, and small for gestational age between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus after adjusting for confounders. Country status, adjustment for body mass index, and screening methods significantly contributed to heterogeneity between studies for several adverse outcomes of pregnancy.ConclusionsWhen adjusted for confounders, gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with pregnancy complications. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy related to gestational diabetes mellitus. Future primary studies should routinely consider adjusting for a more complete set of prognostic factors.Review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021265837.
Maximal aerobic capacity is associated with lifting capacity, but not with self-reported functioning measures in patients with primary chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vermue Daniël J , Dol Max V , Ansuategui Echeita Jone , Dekker Rienk , Schiphorst Preuper Henrica R , Reneman Michiel F 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveMaximal exercise testing is considered the gold standard to assess V̇O2max. However, maximal exercise testing was previously deemed unfeasible and unsafe in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Consequently, most previous studies on aerobic capacity and functioning in patients with CLBP were performed with submaximal testing protocols. A recent study demonstrated the safety, feasibility and tolerance of maximal exercise testing in patients with CLBP. Therefore, the relation between aerobic capacity and functioning should be reevaluated. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the relationship between maximal aerobic capacity and four measures of functioning: lifting capacity, work ability, pain-related disability and physical functioning in patients with CLBP.MethodsThe maximal aerobic capacity of patients with CLBP was assessed with a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Functioning was measured with a floor-to-waist lifting capacity test and three questionnaires: Work Ability Score, Pain Disability Index and Physical Functioning subscale of RAND-36. The associations between maximal aerobic capacity and each of the functioning measures were analysed with multiple linear regression analyses while controlling for potential confounders.ResultsData of n=74 patients with CLBP were analysed. After controlling for potential confounders, maximal aerobic capacity was moderately associated with lifting capacity (β=0.32, p=0.006), but not with any of the other functioning measures (β=−0.08 to 0.12, p>0.288).ConclusionA higher level of maximal aerobic capacity is moderately associated with a higher lifting capacity, but not with self-reported work ability, pain-related disability and physical functioning.
Domestic violence and injuries: prevalence and patterns—a pilot database study to identify suspected cases in a UK major trauma centre
Authors: Garbett Hollie , Carter Ben , Gregory Alison , Cramer Helen , Lewis Natalia V , Morgan Karen , Thompson Julian , Feder Gene , Braude Philip 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundVictim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) present to secondary care with isolated injuries to the head, limb or face. In the UK, there are no published studies looking at the relationship of significant traumatic injuries in adults and the relationship to DVA.The primary objective was to assess the feasibility of using a tailored search method to identify cases of suspected DVA in the national audit database for trauma. The secondary objective was to assess the association of DVA with clinical characteristics.MethodsWe undertook a single-centre retrospective observational cohort pilot study. Data were analysed from the local Trauma and Audit Research Network (TARN) database. The ‘Scene Description’ field in the database was searched using a tailored search strategy. Feasibility was evaluated with notes review and assessed by the PPV and prevalence. Secondary objectives used a logistic regression in Excel.ResultsThis method of identifying suspected cases of DVA from the TARN database is feasible. The PPV was 100%, and the prevalence of suspected DVA in the study period was 3.6 per 1000 trauma discharges. Of those who had experienced DVA, 52.7% were male, median age 43 (IQR: 33–52) and mortality 5.5%. Subgroup analysis of older people demonstrated longer hospital stay (p=0.17) and greater likelihood of admission to intensive care (OR 2.60, 95% CI 0.48 to 14.24).ConclusionWe have created a feasible methodology to identify suspected DVA-related injuries within the TARN database. Future work is needed to further understand this relationship on a national level.