bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chidamide plus prednisone, etoposide, and thalidomide for untreated angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma in a Chinese population: A multicenter phase II trial
Authors: Wang Yawen , Zhang Mingzhi , Song Wei , Cai Qingqing , Zhang Liling , Sun Xiuhua , Zou Liqun , Zhang Huilai , Wang Lili , Xue Hongwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a common type of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a poor prognosis, and an effective first‐line therapy is lacking. Chidamide is a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor and has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for relapsed or refractory PTCL. We conducted a multicenter phase II clinical trial combining chidamide with prednisone, etoposide, and thalidomide (CPET regimen) for a total of eight cycles in untreated AITL patients in China. The primary objectives were the overall response rate (ORR) and complete remission (CR) rate after eight cycles of the CPET regimen. The secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and safety. Of the 71 enrolled patients, 51 completed the eight cycles of the CPET regimen. The ORR and CR of the 51 patients were 90.2 and 54.9%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 11.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.9–17.0), the median PFS of the 51 patients was 42.6 months (95% CI, 27.7—not reached) and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The 2‐year PFS rate and OS rate were 66.5 and 82.2%, respectively. Sixty‐eight patients received at least one cycle of CPET regimen and were included as the safety assessment population. The most common grade 3/4 adverse event was neutropenia (n = 22, 32.3%). Twelve patients showed treatment‐related infections and recovered from antibiotic therapy; the other adverse events were mostly mild and reversible. The oral CPET regimen is an effective, tolerable, and economical choice for untreated AITL in a Chinese population. This trial was registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03273452.
Selective Electrooxidation of Biomass‐Derived Alcohols to Aldehydes in a Neutral Medium: Promoted Water Dissociation over a Nickel‐Oxide‐Supported Ruthenium Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Ge Ruixiang , Wang Ye , Li Zezhou , Xu Ming , Xu Si‐Min , Zhou Hua , Ji Kaiyue , Chen Fengen , Zhou Jihan , Duan Haohong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biomass‐derived alcohol oxidation reaction (BDAOR) holds great promise for sustainable production of chemicals. However, selective electrooxidation of alcohols to value‐added aldehyde compounds is still challenging. Herein, we report the electrocatalytic BDAORs to selectively produce aldehydes using single‐atom ruthenium on nickel oxide (Ru1‐NiO) as a catalyst in the neutral medium. For electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Ru1‐NiO exhibits a low potential of 1.283 V at 10 mA cm−2, and an optimal 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) selectivity of 90 %. Experimental studies reveal that the neutral electrolyte plays a critical role in achieving a high aldehyde selectivity, and the single‐atom Ru boosts HMF oxidation in the neutral medium by promoting water dissociation to afford OH*. Furthermore, Ru1‐NiO can be extended to selective electrooxidation of a series of biomass‐derived alcohols to corresponding aldehydes, which are conventionally difficult to obtain in the alkaline medium.
Complete versus culprit‐only strategy in older MI patients with multivessel disease
Authors: Biscaglia Simone , Erriquez Andrea , Serenelli Matteo , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , De Ferrari Gaetano , Ariza Sole Albert , Sanchis Juan , Giannini Francesco , Gallo Francesco , Scala Antonella , Menozzi Alberto , Pighi Michele , Moreno Raul , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Menozzi Mila , Guiducci Vincenzo , Tebaldi Matteo , Campo Gianluca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe revascularization strategy to pursue in older myocardial infarction (MI) patients with multivessel disease (MVD) is currently unknown. For this reason, while waiting for the results of dedicated trials, we sought to compare a complete versus a culprit‐only strategy in older MI patients by merging data from four registries.Methods and resultsThe inclusion criteria for the target population of the present study were (i) age ≥ 75 years; (ii) MI (STE or NSTE); (iii) MVD; (iv) successful treatment of culprit lesion. Propensity scores (PS) were derived using logistic regression (backward stepwise selection, p < 0.2). The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular (CV) death, MI, and major bleeding. Multivariable adjustment included the PS and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The Kaplan–Meier plots were weighted for IPT. Among 2087 patients included, 1362 (65%) received culprit‐only treatment whereas 725 (35%) complete revascularization. The mean age was 81.5 years, while the mean follow‐up was 419 ± 284 days. Seventy‐four patients (10%) died in the complete group and 223 in the culprit‐only one (16%). The adjusted cumulative 1‐year mortality was 9.7% in the complete and 12.9% in the culprit‐only group (adjusted HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50–0.89). Complete revascularization was associated with lower incidence of CV death (adjusted HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.95) and MI (adjusted HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.95).ConclusionsCulprit‐only is the default strategy in older MI patients with MVD. In our analysis, complete revascularization was associated with lower all‐cause and CV mortality and with a lower MI rate.
Thrombi straddling patent foramen ovale: A case series with various management strategies
Authors: Gill Deanna , Jaber Wissam A. , Keeling William B. , Thames Marc D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis case series explores four cases of thrombi straddling patent foramen ovale (TSFO), an exceedingly rare event. The cases are compared regarding their presentations, evaluations, and management strategies including the first documented uses of percutaneous thromboembolectomy for the removal of a TSFO.
Carotid web stent for the prevention of recurrent stroke: Case report and literature review
Authors: Alnajjar Mohammed , Imam Yahia Z. , Akhtar Naveed , Habas Elmukhtar , Zakaria Ayman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarotid web has been identified as one of the missed causes of recurrent stroke. The diagnosis and management of such cases impose a challenge to medical practitioners. This etiology should be kept in mind, especially in case of recurrence of stroke in a similar cerebral territory.
Monitoring of Anaerobic Degradation in Batch Assays Using Fiber Bags
Authors: Ward Alastair James , Weisbjerg Martin Riis , Lund Peter , Hutchings Nicholas John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe anaerobic batch digestion of freeze‐dried and ground (< 1.5 mm) maize silage, wheat straw, cattle manure, pig manure, and cellulose filter paper was investigated with substrates placed in polyester filter bags. Gas production dynamics of bagged and non‐bagged substrates were compared. By using batch bottles running in parallel with those used for gas measurement, substrates could be sampled over time and various parameters measured for both substrate and bulk liquid. The bags allowed an immediate mass loss into the bulk liquid with some substrates and a generally lower rate of gas production. This method requires refinement but has potential for the study of the dynamics of substrate degradation during anaerobic digestion.
From Nickel Foam to Highly Active NiFe‐based Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Peugeot Adèle , Creissen Charles E. , Schreiber Moritz W. , Fontecave Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA key challenge for the large‐scale application of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the synthesis of active, cheap and robust catalysts. Here, a straightforward procedure to form novel porous and highly active multimetallic oxygen evolution catalysts was reported. They were derived from an original dendritic nickel foam (NiNF) using two strategies: i) Fe‐doping; and ii) Fe/Cr‐doping. A bimetallic NiFe catalyst, formed through controlled acid treatment followed by a simple galvanic exchange procedure proved remarkably active in 1 m KOH with a very low overpotential value of η200=276 mV at 200 mA cm−2 and a very low Tafel slope of 25 mV dec−1. A trimetallic FeNiCr catalyst, containing 11 % Cr, was also synthesised through electrodeposition and partial Cr leaching, to form a stable OER catalyst displaying a very low overpotential value of η200=279 mV at 200 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec−1. These two novel catalysts are among the best performing OER catalysts reported so far.
Sigma/pi Bonding Preferences of Solvated Alkali‐Metal Cations to Ditopic Arylmethyl Anions
Authors: Rae Annabel , Byrne Keelan M. , Brown Scott A. , Kennedy Alan R. , Krämer Tobias , Mulvey Robert E. , Robertson Stuart D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArylmethyl anions allow alkali‐metals to bind in a σ‐fashion to the lateral carbanionic centre or a π‐fashion to the aryl ring or in between these extremities, with the trend towards π bonding increasing on descending group 1. Here we review known alkali metal structures of diphenylmethane, fluorene, 2‐benzylpyridine and 4‐benzylpyridine. Next, we synthesise Li, Na, K monomers of these diarylmethyls using polydentate donors PMDETA or Me6TREN to remove competing oligomerizing interactions, studying the effect that two aromatic rings has on negative charge (de)localisation via NMR, X‐ray crystallographic and DFT studies. Diphenylmethyl and fluorenyl anions maintain C(H)−M interactions regardless of alkali‐metal, although the adjacent arene carbons engage in interactions with larger alkali‐metals. Introducing a nitrogen atom into the ring (at the 2‐ or 4‐position) encourages relocalisation of negative charge away from the deprotonated carbon and onto nitrogen. Phenyl(2‐pyridyl)methyl moves from an enamide formation at one extremity (lithium) to an aza‐allyl formation at the other extremity (potassium), whileC‐ orN‐coordination modes become energetically viable for Na and K phenyl(4‐pyridyl)methyl complexes.
Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera
Authors: Webster Cynthia , Figueroa‐Corona Laura , Méndez‐González Iván David , Álvarez‐Soto Lluvia , Neale David B. , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan Pablo , Wegrzyn Jill L. , Vázquez‐Lobo Alejandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn land plants, heteroblasty broadly refers to a drastic change in morphology during growth through ontogeny. Juniperus flaccida and Pinus cembroides are conifers of independent lineages known to exhibit leaf heteroblasty between the juvenile and adult life stage of development. Juvenile leaves of P. cembroides develop spirally on the main stem and appear decurrent, flattened, and needle‐like; whereas adult photosynthetic leaves are triangular or semi‐circular needle‐like, and grow in whorls on secondary or tertiary compact dwarf shoots. By comparison, J. flaccida juvenile leaves are decurrent and needle‐like, and adult leaves are compact, short, and scale‐like. Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate differences in anatomy and gene expression patterns between developmental phases in both species. RNA from 12 samples was sequenced and analyzed with available software. They were assembled de novo from the RNA‐Seq reads. Following assembly, 63,741 high‐quality transcripts were functionally annotated in P. cembroides and 69,448 in J. flaccida. Evaluation of the orthologous groups yielded 4140 shared gene families among the four references (adult and juvenile from each species). Activities related to cell division and development were more abundant in juveniles than adults in P. cembroides, and more abundant in adults than juveniles in J. flaccida. Overall, there were 509 up‐regulated and 81 down‐regulated genes in the juvenile condition of P. cembroides and 14 up‐regulated and 22 down‐regulated genes in J. flaccida. Gene interaction network analysis showed evidence of co‐expression and co‐localization of up‐regulated genes involved in cell wall and cuticle formation, development, and phenylpropanoid pathway, in juvenile P. cembroides leaves. Whereas in J. flaccida, differential expression and gene interaction patterns were detected in genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. Although J. flaccida and P. cembroides both exhibit leaf heteroblastic development, little overlap was detected, and unique genes and pathways were highlighted in this study.
The phylogeographic history of Megistostegium (Malvaceae) in the dry, spiny thickets of southwestern Madagascar using RAD‐seq data and ecological niche modeling
Authors: Hanes Margaret M. , Shell Susan , Shimu Tahsina , Crist Clarissa , Machkour‐M’Rabet Salima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spiny thicket of southwestern Madagascar represents an extreme and ancient landscape with extraordinary levels of biodiversity and endemism. Few hypotheses exist for explaining speciation in the region and few plant studies have explored hypotheses for species diversification. Here, we investigate three species in the endemic genus Megistostegium (Malvaceae) to evaluate phylogeographic structure and explore the roles of climate, soil, and paleoclimate oscillations on population divergence and speciation throughout the region. We combine phylogenetic and phylogeographic inference of RADseq data with ecological niche modeling across space and time. Population structure is concurrent with major rivers in the region and we identify a new, potentially important biogeographic break coincident with several landscape features. Our data further suggests that niches occupied by species and populations differ substantially across their distribution. Paleodistribution modeling provide evidence that past climatic change could be responsible for the current distribution, population structure, and maintenance of species in Megistostegium.
The complete chloroplast genomes of three Hamamelidaceae species: Comparative and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Wang NingJie , Chen ShuiFei , Xie Lei , Wang Lu , Feng YueYao , Lv Ting , Fang YanMing , Ding Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHamamelidaceae is an important group that represents the origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Its plants have many uses, such as timber, medical, spice, and ornamental uses. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliver, Corylopsis glandulifera Hemsl., and Corylopsis velutina Hand.‐Mazz. were sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The sizes of the three chloroplast genomes were 159,402 bp (C. glandulifera), 159,414 bp (C. velutina), and 159,444 bp (L. chinense), respectively. These chloroplast genomes contained typical quadripartite structures with a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,283, 26,283, and 26,257 bp), a large single‐copy (LSC) region (88,134, 88,146, and 88,160 bp), and a small single‐copy (SSC) region (18,702, 18,702, and 18,770 bp). The chloroplast genomes encoded 132–133 genes, including 85–87 protein‐coding genes, 37–38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The coding regions were composed of 26,797, 26,574, and 26,415 codons, respectively, most of which ended in A/U. A total of 37–43 long repeats and 175–178 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, and the SSRs contained a higher number of A + T than G + C bases. The genome comparison showed that the IR regions were more conserved than the LSC or SSC regions, while the noncoding regions contained higher variability than the gene coding regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that species in the same genus tended to cluster together. Chunia Hung T. Chang, Mytilaria Lecomte, and Disanthus Maxim. may have diverged early and Corylopsis Siebold & Zucc. was closely related to Loropetalum R. Br. This study provides valuable information for further species identification, evolution, and phylogenetic studies of Hamamelidaceae plants.
Hierarchical hardware trojan for LUT‐based AI devices and its evaluation
Authors: Nozaki Yusuke , Takemoto Shu , Ikezaki Yoshiya , Yoshikawa Masaya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo realize Society 5.0, edge AI techniques have attracted attention. On the other hand, security issues of edge AI have been reported. In addition, in the field of hardware security, the threat of hardware Trojan (HT) is emphasized. To defend the AI device from malicious attacks, it is important to check the vulnerability against various attacks. Therefore, this study proposes a new HT for AI inference devices. The proposed HT falsifies the inference result with respect to an arbitrary trigger input. The proposed HT concentrates on the Lookup Table (LUT) structure, and can be achieved by rewriting the LUT table information. As a result, the proposed HT does not need additional trojan trigger and payload circuits, that is, it can be implemented without the circuit overhead. Experiments by field programable gate array show the validity of the proposed HT.
Pongamia pinnata biodiesel production using cobalt doped ZnO nanoparticles—An analytical study
Authors: Narendrakumar Pandya Hiral , Banka Samidha , Prakashbhai Parikh Sachin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKaranja is second most popular non‐edible oil, in Indian sub‐continent, for Biodiesel production; with current plantation, almost 55,000 ton/year of oil can be extracted. Also, studies in past two decades have elucidated that use of heterogeneous solid catalyst has been commercially most viable, economical, produces almost pure biodiesel, easy to use, recycle and environment friendly. In this paper, we have used cobalt doped zinc oxide (CZO) nanoparticles for dual step esterification—transesterification processes, which has not been studied for Karanja oil, additionally, the detailed analytical study such as X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐rays on catalyst unavailable in literature, has also been incorporated here. The CZO particles are synthesized using co‐precipitation method and yields particles of size ~75 nm, the reusability of catalyst is also included. The optimum process parameters where experimentally determined and compositional analysis of oil and biodiesel is done using Fourier transformed infrared. The economic and technical aspects of CZO synthesis, the benefits of easy separation of glycerol and reduced impurities in final product, make this process commercially more suitable for Karanja oil biodiesel synthesis, and study will promote use of CZO nanoparticles for other oil biodiesel production too. Result shows that under optimized condition of transesterification, 1:25 M ratio of oil:methanol, 0.3 wt% catalytic concentration, 70°C reaction temperature, 180 min time of reaction and 500 rpm of stirring speed fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) conversion was 98.5 ± 0.5%.
Interaction between genetics and smoking in determining risk of coronary artery diseases
Authors: Huang Yunfeng , Hui Qin , Gwinn Marta , Hu Yi‐Juan , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola , Sun Yan V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a preeminent cause of death, and smoking is a strong risk factor for CAD. Genetic factors contribute to the development of CAD, but the interplay between genetic predisposition and smoking history in CAD remains unclear. Using data from the UK Biobank, we constructed several genetic risk scores (GRSs) based on known CAD loci and assessed their interactions with smoking for the development of incident CAD in 307,147 participants of European ancestry who were free of CAD. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models and assessed gene–smoking interaction on both multiplicative and additive scales. Overall, we found no multiplicative interactions, but observed a synergistic additive interaction of GRS with both smoking status and pack‐years of smoking, finding that the absolute CAD risk due to smoking was higher for those with high genetic risk. Trait‐based sub‐GRSs suggested smoking status and smoking intensity measured by pack‐years might confer gene–smoking interaction effects with different intermediate risk factors for CAD. Our study results suggest that genetics could modify the effects of smoking on CAD and highlight the value of addressing gene–lifestyle interactions on both additive and multiplicative scales.
Phenotypic differences between people varying in muscularity
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Smith Brooke , Chung Elizabeth A. , Watts Krista L. , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Yang Shengping , Heo Moonseong , Thomas Diana M. , Turner Dusty , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Müller Manfred J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBody mass is the primary metabolic compartment related to a vast number of clinical indices and predictions. The extent to which skeletal muscle (SM), a major body mass component, varies between people of the same sex, weight, height, and age is largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the magnitude of muscularity variation present in adults and to examine if variation in muscularity associates with other body composition and metabolic measures.MethodsMuscularity was defined as the difference (residual) between a person's actual and model‐predicted SM mass after controlling for their weight, height, and age. SM prediction models were developed using data from a convenience sample of 492 healthy non‐Hispanic (NH) White adults (ages 18–80 years) who had total body SM and SM surrogate, appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST), measured with magnetic resonance imaging and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, respectively; residual SM (SMR) and ALST were expressed in kilograms and kilograms per square meter. ALST mass was also evaluated in a population sample of 8623 NH‐White adults in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between muscularity and variation in the residual mass of other major organs and tissues and resting energy expenditure were evaluated in the convenience sample.ResultsThe SM, on average, constituted the largest fraction of body weight in men and women up to respective BMIs of 35 and 25 kg/m2. SM in the convenience sample varied widely with a median of 31.2 kg and an SMR inter‐quartile range/min/max of 3.35 kg/−10.1 kg/9.0 kg in men and 21.1 kg and 2.59 kg/−7.2 kg/7.5 kg in women; per cent of body weight as SM at 25th and 75th percentiles for men were 33.1% and 39.6%; corresponding values in women were 24.2% and 30.8%; results were similar for SMR indices and for ALST measures in the convenience and population samples. Greater muscularity in the convenience sample was accompanied by a smaller waist circumference (men/women: P < 0.001/=0.085) and visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.014/0.599), larger liver (P = 0.065/<0.001), kidneys (P = 0.051/<0.009), and bone mineral (P < 0.001/<0.001), and larger magnitude resting energy expenditure (P < 0.001/<0.001) than predicted for the same sex, age, weight, and height.ConclusionsMuscle mass is the largest body compartment in most adults without obesity and is widely variable in mass across people of similar body size and age; and high muscularity is accompanied by distinct body composition and metabolic characteristics. This previously unrecognized heterogeneity in muscularity in the general population has important clinical and research implications.