bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Age-Related Declines in Cardiorespiratory Fitness from Early Adulthood Through Midlife: CARDIA
Authors: PETTEE GABRIEL KELLEY , JAEGER BYRON C. , STERNFELD BARBARA , DOOLEY ERIN E. , CARNETHON MERCEDES R. , JACOBS DAVID R. , LEWIS CORA E. , HORNIKEL BJOERN , REIS JARED P. , SCHREINER PAMELA J. , SHIKANY JAMES M. , WHITAKER KARA M. , SIDNEY STEPHEN 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to describe maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness from early adulthood to midlife and examine differences in maximal fitness at age 20 yr and changes in fitness overtime by subcategories of sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors.

Methods
Data include 5018 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants (mean (SD) age, 24.8 (3.7) yr; 53.3% female; and 51.4% Black participants) who completed at least one maximal graded exercise test at baseline and/or the year 7 and 20 exams. Maximal and submaximal fitness were estimated by exercise duration and heart rate at the end of stage 2. Multivariable adjusted linear-mixed models were used to estimate fitness trajectories using age as the mechanism for time after adjustment for covariates. Fitness trajectories from ages 20 to 50 yr in 5-yr increments were estimated overall and by subgroups determined by each factor after adjustment for duration within the less favorable category.

Results
Mean (95% confidence interval) maximal fitness at age 20 and 50 yr was 613 (607–616) and 357 (350–362) s; submaximal heart rate during this period also reflected age-related fitness declines (126 (125–127) and 138 (137–138) bpm). Compared with men, women had lower maximal fitness at age 20 yr (P < 0.001), which persisted over follow-up (P < 0.001); differences were also found by race within sex strata (all P < 0.001). Differences in maximal fitness at age 20 yr were noted by socioeconomic, behavioral, and health-related status in young adulthood (all P < 0.05), which persisted over follow-up (all P < 0.001) and were generally consistent in sex-stratified analyses.

Conclusions
Targeting individuals experiencing accelerated fitness declines with tailored intervention strategies may provide an opportunity to preserve fitness throughout midlife to reduce lifetime cardiovascular disease risk.
Comparative study of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging and introvoxel incoherent motion in assessment of pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qingqiang , Zhu Wenrong , Wu Jingtao , Chen Wenxin , Ye Jing , Ling Jun 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To quantitatively compare the diagnostic values of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis of microstructural differences for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Multiple b value DWIs and IVIMs were performed in patients with 146 ccRCCs, 42 with Grade Ⅰ, 46 with Grade Ⅱ, 28 with Grade Ⅲ and 30 with Grade Ⅳ. These tumours were divided into low (Ⅰ+Ⅱ, n = 88) and high grades (Ⅲ+Ⅳ, n = 58). The diagnostic efficacy of various diffusion parameters for predicting ccRCC grades was compared. Results: The mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of IVIM images at b = 0, 800 and 1500 s/mm2 were 31.9, 12.3 and 8.4, respectively. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), D and D* values correlated negatively with ccRCC grading (r = -0.786,–0.913, −0879, p < 0.05). f values correlated positively with ccRCC grading (r = 0.811, p < 0.05). The ADC, D and D* values were higher for Grade Ⅱ ccRCC than that of Grade Ⅲ ccRCC (p < 005), however, f values were higher for Grade Ⅲ ccRCC than that of Grade Ⅱ ccRCC (p < 005). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that D values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating low/high and Ⅱ/Ⅲ ccRCC grading. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the D values were 0.963, 0.960; 90.9%, 89.1%; 81.0%,78.6 and 89.0%, 87.8%, respectively. For pairwise comparisons of receiver operating characteristic curves and diagnostic efficacy, ADC was worse than IVIM (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: IVIM parameters have better performance than ADC in differentiating ccRCC grading, given an adequate SNR of IVIM images. Advances in knowledge: 1. D values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating low/high and Ⅱ/Ⅲ ccRCC grading. 2. IVIM parameters have better performance than ADC in differentiating ccRCC grading, given an adequate SNR of IVIM images. 3. The ADC, D and D* values correlated negatively with ccRCC grading, however, f values correlated positively with ccRCC grading.
Protruding anterior medial meniscus and posterior tibial translation as secondary signs of complete and partial posterior cruciate ligament tear
Authors: Ahn Do Yeon , Park Hee Jin , Kim Myung Sub , Kim Ji Na , Hong Seok Woo , Kim Eugene , Lee Yong Taek 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate whether measurement of protruding anterior meniscus in the medial compartment (PAMM) and posterior tibial translation (PTT) can be used as a secondary sign of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear for differential diagnosis of partial or complete tear. Methods: 21 cases with complete PCL tear, 35 cases with partial PCL tear, and 55 normal cases were reviewed in this retrospective study. PTT and PAMM were measured from the MR images associated with each case. Non-parametric data were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction to compare differences among the three groups: complete tear, partial tear, and controls Results: There were significant differences in the median values of PAMM among the three groups, and with PAMM increasing as the grade of PCL injury increased. However, there were no significant differences in median PTT among the three groups. Median PAMM in the partial and complete tear groups was significantly higher than in subjects without PCL rupture (adjusted p-value <0.05). Although median PAMM in subjects in the complete tear group tended to be higher than in those with a partial tear, this difference was not statistically significant (adjusted p-values ≥0.418). Conclusion: PAMM is more useful finding than PTT and can predict PCL tear with or without posterior instability. However, PAMM cannot differentiate partial tear and complete tear of the PCL. Advances in knowledge PAMM is more useful finding than PTT and can predict PCL tear with or without posterior instability. However, PAMM cannot differentiate partial tear and complete tear of the PCL.
Case Report: Successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarian with acute-on-chronic kidney disease and total atrioventricular block after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Andrianto Andrianto , Laksmi Ni Putu Anggun , Herdyanto Rio 
Published: February 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) is frequently complicated by the worsening of renal function. Undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) becomes crucial to a patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). With appropriate management of MI, acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) requiring dialysis post-MI remains an important clinical predictor of elevated in-hospital mortality among patients with MI. In this study, we reported an octogenarian patient suffering from STEMI with ACKD and total atrioventricular block (TAVB). She underwent insertion of a temporary pacemaker and primary PCI. Renal function was improved after dialysis by decreasing the amount of serum creatinine from 8.1 mg/dL at admission to 1.05 mg/dL after primary PCI and dialysis. Primary PCI should still be considered for patients with acute MI, even though these patients have kidney disease, to save the heart muscle and even indirectly improve the kidney function itself.
Anxiety level among newly hired nurse in a specialized oncology hospital: An observational study
Authors: Alhroub Ahmad , Albakri Hebah , Al-Awaysheh Hedaia , Alloubani Aladeen 
Published: February 2022

Background: Anxiety is common among oncology nurses due to the complexity of oncology patients' needs and demands. The current study aimed to assess the anxiety level among newly hired nurses in a specialized oncology hospital throughout their initial period of employment, deploying a General Nursing Orientation (GNO) and the Clinical Resource Nurse (CRN) role. Methods: A longitudinal one-group repeated measure design was used. Participants' demographics sheet and Sate-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults questionnaire were used. A total of 181 newly hired nurses participated in the study. Results: The anxiety level among newly hired oncology nurses was (mean=38.65, SD=9.58) at the beginning of GNO, and the level of anxiety was highest after 90 days of employment (mean=45.71, SD=7.20). The level of anxiety among newly hired oncology nurses increased gradually from day one of the GNO, the last day of GNO, and finally, after 90 days of employment. Conclusions: Nurses working in oncology workplaces face anxiety. It is important to seek nursing administrators' attention to apply proper strategies to decrease the anxiety level among newly hired nurses to help them smoothly fit into a new team to ensure safe patient care.
Care-seeking behaviour of adolescents with patellofemoral pain: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Skovdal Rathleff Michael , Rams Rathleff Camilla , Lykkegaard Olesen Jens , Roos Ewa M , Rasmussen Sten , Andreucci Alessandro , Bach Jensen Martin 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the care-seeking behaviour among adolescents with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Methods: This retrospective study included data on 121 adolescents with PFP enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. A questionnaire was sent to the general practitioner (GP) of each adolescent, assessing information on the consultation dates for knee pain, potential diagnoses, and treatment provided. Results: 106/121 adolescents had been in contact with their GP, and 95 medical records of adolescents were available. Of the 95 adolescents with available medical records 60 had consulted their GP for knee pain. The median number of contacts was 1.5 (range 1-7). The GPs initiated treatment for 48 of the 60 adolescents and in most cases it was information and advice (36/48) or pain medication to a minor extent (6/48). Out of the 60 adolescents who consulted their GP 26 were subsequently referred to different types of health care professionals, in 11 out of 26 to physiotherapy, but also to the department of rheumatology or orthopaedics. Conclusions: 63% of adolescents diagnosed with PFP had previously consulted their GP due to knee pain. Several types of treatments were initiated by the GP, but most commonly advice and information were given. Standardized and evidence-based treatment guidelines for adolescent knee pain in general practice are needed
Dynamic Learning and Decision Making via Basis Weight Vectors
Authors: Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2022

A New Method for Dynamic Learning and Doing For a large class of learning-and-doing problems, two processes are intertwined in the analysis: a forward process that updates the decision maker’s belief or estimate of the unknown parameter, and a backward process that computes the expected future values. The mainstream literature focuses on the former process. In contrast, in “Dynamic Learning and Decision Making via Basis Weight Vectors,” Hao Zhang proposes a new method based on pure backward induction on the continuation values created by feasible continuation policies. When the unknown parameter is a continuous variable, the method represents each continuation-value function by a vector of weights placed on a set of basis functions. The weight vectors that are potentially useful for the optimal solution can be found backward in time exactly (for very small problems) or approximately (for larger problems). A simulation study demonstrates that an approximation algorithm based on this method outperforms some popular algorithms in the linear contextual bandit literature when the learning horizon is short.
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and Soybean (Glycine max L.) Classification in Greenhouse Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Chemometrics Methods
Authors: Costa Cristiano , Zhang Yu , Howatt Kirk , Ram Billy , Stenger John , Nowatzki John , Bajwa Sreekala , Sun Xin 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsHyperspectral image processing was used to classify Palmer amaranth and soybean species.Chemometrics methods (PCA, PLS-DA, and SIMCA) were used to extract features and establish classification models.Abstract. Herbicide-resistant weed species are one of the largest threats to modern agriculture, as ineffective weed control results in significant yield losses or increased costs through alternatives such as mechanical methods. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) has been one of the most troublesome weeds. Its identification through the adoption of site-specific weed management systems will help farmers select more appropriate control options to reduce costs and improve efficacy, resulting in increased farm revenue. In this study, a pixel-wised method was evaluated for the classification of Palmer amaranth and soybean (Glycine max L.). A pushbroom hyperspectral imagery acquisition system was used to collect imagery from 224 spectral bands ranging from 400 to 1000 nm. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in three different runs. Greenhouse-grown plants were evaluated to generate predictive models from paired samples generated with 56 replications in each run. Data collection occurred weekly when Palmer amaranth plants were between approximately 2.5 and 12.7 cm tall. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were tested to classify Palmer amaranth and soybean. Half of the dataset (Palmer amaranth = 42, soybean = 42) was used to train the models, and the other half (Palmer amaranth = 42, soybean = 42) was used to test model performance. Preliminary results showed that the PLS-DA model with PLS factors as input had a cumulative variation (R2Y(cum)) of 60% and predictive ability (Q2Y(cum)) of 60%. The SIMCA model showed a cumulative variation of 85% and a predictive ability of 82%. Overall, this study illustrated the capability of hyperspectral imagery to classify Palmer amaranth and soybean, which will increase the efficiency of weed control in modern agriculture. Keywords: Chemometrics methods, Hyperspectral imaging, Palmer amaranth classification.
Estudo Fotométrico da EstrelaWASP-2A
Authors: Silva Freitas Raquel 
Published: February 2022

Um exoplaneta, por definicao, e um planeta rochoso ou gasoso que orbita uma estrela que nao seja o Sol. Portanto, pertencente a um outro sistema planetario. O exoplaneta estudado neste artigo, WASP-2Ab, orbita a estrela WASP-2A e foi descoberto em 2006 pelo metodo de transito planetario (Daemgen et al. 2009).
Development of a computerized intervention to improve health literacy in older Hispanics with type 2 diabetes using a pharmacist supervised comprehensive medication management
Authors: Caballero Joshua , Jacobs Robin J. , Ownby Raymond L. 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The primary objective was to develop a computerized culturally adapted health literacy intervention for older Hispanics with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Secondary objectives were to assess the usability and acceptability of the intervention by older Hispanics with T2D and clinical pharmacists providing comprehensive medication management (CMM).

Materials and methods
The study occurred in three phases. During phase I, an integration approach (i.e., quantitative assessments, qualitative interviews) was used to develop the intervention and ensure cultural suitability. In phase II, the intervention was translated to Spanish and modified based on data obtained in phase I. During phase III, the intervention was tested for usability/acceptability.

Results
Thirty participants (25 older Hispanics with T2D, 5 clinical pharmacists) were included in the study. Five major themes emerged from qualitative interviews and were included in the intervention: 1) financial considerations, 2) polypharmacy, 3) social/family support, 4) access to medication/information, and 5) loneliness/sadness. Participants felt the computerized intervention developed was easy to use, culturally appropriate, and relevant to their needs. Pharmacists agreed the computerized intervention streamlined patient counseling, offered a tailored approach when conducting CMM, and could save them time.

Conclusion
The ability to offer individualized patient counseling based on information gathered from the computerized intervention allows for precision counseling. Future studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of the developed computerized intervention on adherence and health outcomes.
Social determinants of antenatal depression and anxiety among women in South Asia: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Insan Nafisa , Weke Anthony , Forrest Simon , Rankin Judith 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPregnancy is a time of major psychological changes making pregnant women more susceptible to depression and anxiety. Prevalence is higher among women living in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, compared to high-income countries, due to poor understanding and lack of mental health integration within antenatal care. Antenatal depression/anxiety is associated with adverse outcomes including postnatal depression, low birth weight and impaired fetal development. Existing systematic reviews provided only limited information on the social determinants of antenatal depression/anxiety in these South Asian countries.ObjectiveThis review aimed to identify, synthesise and appraise the evidence on the social determinants associated with antenatal depression and anxiety in women living in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.MethodsWe searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) and PROSPERO. Observational studies published between 1stJanuary 2000 and 4thJanuary 2021 were included if they were in the English language, used validated tools for measuring depression/anxiety in pregnant women and reported statistical associations or raw numbers. Summary estimates were obtained using random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias was measured using the I2statistic and Egger’s test, respectively. This review was registered on PROSPERO (reference: CRD42020167903).ResultsWe included 34 studies (with 27,379 women). Meta-analysis of Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) found that Intimate partner violence (AOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.41–4.33), unplanned pregnancy (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28–1.83), male gender preference (AOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.40–6.72) and poor relationship with in-laws (AOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.25–5.80) were significantly associated with antenatal depression/anxiety.ConclusionThe review identified a complex range of social determinants of antenatal depression and anxiety in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Screening tools to identify pregnant women at high risk should be integrated within antenatal care to prevent adverse outcomes. Knowledge of these social determinants will inform the development of such screening tools and interventions.
Do SDGs Really Matter for Business? Using GRI Sustainability Reporting to Answer the Question
Authors: Costa Roberta , Menichini Tamara , Salierno Gennaro 
Published: February 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present an opportunity for companies to address the world’s biggest sustainable development challenges. In doing so, SDGs require companies to integrate sustainability into their strategic decisions, making stakeholders aware about the corporate contribution to SDGs. To this aim, according to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines, corporate sustainability reporting is a powerful tool to explain if SDGs really matter to the private sector and in what ways companies effectively contribute to them. The paper analyses SDG reporting practices of a sample of companies of different sizes operating in the tourism sector. The aim of the analysis is to seize how companies identify relevant sustainability challenges and set SDGs priorities. Findings reveal that despite companies cite SDGs in their reports, they do not explain how significant sustainability initiatives shape the business contribution to SDGs. The study adds to the literature on corporate SDGs reporting by highlighting the need for a practical approach to guide companies towards transparency in sustainability reporting about their relevant contribution to the Agenda 2030.
Freier Herr und dienstbarer Knecht. Luther’s »Christian Liberty« and Secularism
Authors: Kristanto Billy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Der Mord an Samuel Paty im Oktober 2020 hatte die Welt schockiert. Obwhol die Tat von fast allen verurteilt wurde, scheiden sich die Geister über die Meinungsfreiheit, die den Mord verursacht hat. Dieser Artikel möchte die Konzepte der Meinungsfreiheit nachzeichnen, wie sie in Frankreich rezipiert wurden. Basierend auf Luthers Schrift »Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen « argumentiert der Artikel dann für die Relevanz von Luthers Freiheitskonzept, um die Suche nach wahrer Freiheit fruchtbar zu beantworten. Er entfaltet die Potenziale von Luthers Freiheitskonzept und zeigt, wie Luthers Denken eine sinnvollere Alternative bieten kann als der säkulare Freiheitsbegriff, wie er von der französischen Aufklärung rezipiert wurde.