bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of Discovering New Physics from the Cosmic Neutrino Background
Authors: Zhou Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neutrinos play a significant role in the thermal history of the early universe. The standard cosmological model predicts a relic sea of neutrinos, often referred to as the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB). The effects of CNB are parameterized as the effective number of neutrino flavors N
eff, which could be measured by indirect astronomy observations. The numerical calculations of the neutrino decoupling process give a result of N
eff = 3.046. To measure it with astronomy observations, the primordial abundance of elements from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the anisotropies in the distribution of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) are investigated. The observation results basically match the prediction. Direct detection methods are also proposed via capturing neutrinos on a tritium target, which could be practical assuming a large-neutrino-mass cosmological model.
Numerical simulation of quantum key distribution network based on wavelength division multiplexing technology
Authors: Sun Shiju , Wang Jipeng , Su Dan , Ma Haiqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology can improve the networking level and overcome the shortcomings of low key rate under the existing technic background of measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol application. reference frame independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) protocol cut down on the influence of the reference frame drift on the key distribution system. The decoy state protocol has important development prospects in the development of quantum communication networking. Combining the advantages of of the above protocols to realize RFI-MDI-QKD with WDM, the results show that the key distribution efficiency is improved with the increase in the number of WDM multiplexed channels, which promotes the further exploration and achievement of QKD networking application.
Load-bearing Behavior of Offshore Rock Socketed Monopile Foundation Regarding Different Rock Mass Classification
Authors: Cheng Yongjin , Zhou Yong , Chu Weijiang , Su Ze 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the increasing electricity demand in China, wind power has been heavily developed in recent years. It is important to stabilize the wind turbine foundations in rock bedded near the sea area while installation. Based on different rock classification standards (GB 50218 and GSI), this paper numerically analyzed the load capacity of rock socketed monopile. When the rock class is high (class III and above), under effective socketed depth, the rock-socket effect is important, and the pile tip deflection is nearly 0, which could be considered as a clamping constraint. In this case, even if the rock quality around the pile tip decreases a little or becomes a little weakened, the pile deformation and internal force will not change a lot. However, when the rock mass class is lower than IV, the pile tip load capacity will largely decrease. The definition of rock mass parameters is also important when analyzing rock socketed monopile. In conclusion, it is suggested to take GB 50218 as a reference. BQ engineering rock mass classification and its corresponding rock mass parameters could be applied. Also, the M-C model is suggested to be used for some related work.
Design of a Low-Frequency Active Sonar Underwater Target Simulator Based on Bubble Clouds
Authors: Xu Pengbo , Zhao Yun , Tang Xiaoan , Sun Haiyang , Cai Qingyu , Lai Ming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to the theory that bubble clouds have strong scattering properties in the water, effective medium theory (EMT) based on bubble clouds has been developed for a new kind of target simulator available for multi-static sonar experiments. According to the theory, the effects of the porosity of the bubble clouds and the size of the simulator on the backscattering strength of the target simulator are investigated. The optimal parameters for designing the target simulator are given by simulation analysis. Finally, by comparing with the traditional target simulator design scheme, it is shown that the target simulator designed based on EMT theory has the characteristics of low-frequency bandwidth, high target strength, small size, low cost, and application flexibility.
Simulation Diagram of Unmanned Vehicle Driving from Current Position to Optimal Parking Space Based on A* Algorithm
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Guo Junxi , Wang Tianyuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To draw the simulation diagram of the unmanned vehicle driving from the current position to the optimal parking space, the parking space with the shortest distance from the starting point to the control point is defined as the optimal point in this paper. We simplify the driving route into a straight line and establish the coordinate axes. Depending on the driving direction, the driving trajectory can be divided into different cases. In each case, the order of the parking spaces passed by the vehicle is fixed. Therefore, if the parking space is occupied, its value is assigned as 0; otherwise, it is 1. The initial value is assigned as 0, and we accumulate the weighted value in each case. When the total weight reaches 1, accumulation stops, and the optimal parking space in this case is recorded. The optimal parking space is in which the vehicle travels the shortest distance among all the cases. Based on the A* algorithm, a raster map is constructed. The obstacle area is expanded by narrowing the feasible area range of control points in the parking lot so that the path of control points can meet the kinematic and obstacle avoidance constraints of vehicles. Finally, a simulation diagram of the parking trajectory is drawn.
MILP-based approaches for a bin-packing problem with a fixed-plus-linear charge scheme
Authors: Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a truck loading problem with a fixed-plus-linear charge scheme, which is thought to be more suitable for short-distance freight transportation than fixed charge schemes. Here, we study a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) formulation of this problem and develop two methods for solving it. We discuss the property of optimal solutions and tighten the formulation. Based on the polyhedral knowledge of orbit opes, we also provide a symmetry-breaking heuristic for this problem. We conduct a series of numerical experiments to indicate that the computational performance of the MILP formulation can be significantly improved by applying our method.
Earthquake Magnitude-Frequency Relationship and Earthquake Magnitude Prediction in North China
Authors: Zhao Rui , Chen Shijun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The magnitude-frequency relationships of earthquakes of magnitude M
L 2.0 or higher in North China, Shandong and neighboring areas since 1970 are calculated, and the long-term and annual-scale seismic intensities are analyzed. The maximum intercept magnitude and the annual-scale seismic intensity are M
L 7.5 and M
L 5.5, respectively, in North China within a long time frame. The three-year-scale time scan predicts that the maximum intercept magnitude and the seismic intensity in 2022 will be M
L 5.3 and M
L 4.8. In contrast, the maximum intercept magnitude and the annual seismic intensity in Shandong and neighboring areas are M
L 6.2 and M
L 4.5, and the three-year scale time scan predicts the corresponding values in 2022 will be M
L 4.8 and M
L 4.2, respectively. The predicted maximum earthquake magnitude in Shandong in 2022 has a high probability (63%) of not exceeding M
L 4.8. Furthermore, the theoretical annual average occurrences and recurrence interval for each earthquake magnitude in Shandong and neighboring areas are calculated, with an average of 30 earthquakes per year for magnitude 3.0, 3.1 earthquakes per year for magnitude 4.0, once every 3.1 years for magnitude 5.0, 29 years for magnitude 6.0, 282 years for magnitude 7.0, and 2713 years for magnitude 8.0. The maximum intercept magnitude in North China has gradually weakened in the past 50 years, yet this tendency is not obvious in Shandong. It is noteworthy whether this indicates seismic activities in North China have gradually entered a quiet period.
Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Micro-Cement Grouting Materials with Different Water-Cement Ratio
Authors: Wang Nianjin , Gao Yanhua , Pang Haoran , Zhu Liangtao , Xia Libo , Xia Bangqing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The water-cement ratio is one of the key parameters of grouting materials, which greatly affects the working performance and mechanical properties of grouting materials. This paper studies the physical properties, such as density, fluidity, consistency, bleeding rate, and stone rate, and the mechanical properties of flexural and compressive strength of micro-cement grouting materials with a water-cement ratio of 0.8:1, 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2.0:1 are investigated through a variety of indoor experiments. The results show that with the gradual increase of water-cement ratio, the density, consistency value, stone rate, flexural strength, and compressive strength of micro-cement grouting material gradually decrease, while the fluidity and bleeding rate of micro-cement slurry gradually increases. Although the slurry with a water-cement ratio of 1.5:1 and 2:1 has good fluidity, the high bleeding rate and the low stone body strength result in more water injected into the reinforced formation and low reinforcement strength. On the contrary, the slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.8:1 has a low bleeding rate and high stone body strength, but low fluidity. The grouting performance and mechanical properties of the slurry with a water-cement ratio of 1:1 are relatively balanced. This study provides a basis for the subsequent on-site ultra-fine cement grouting project. A reasonable water-cement ratio can be selected according to the specific needs to ensure the reinforcement quality and safety of the grouting operation.
Preparation of Silicon Carbide Film by Composite Sintering of Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide
Authors: Sun Wenyue , Huang Zhiliang , Chen Changlian , Chen Song 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Graphite can be protected by coating it with a silicon carbide film. However, studies on the effects of different coating methods and process parameters on the thickness and bond strength of the films are not yet mature. In this paper, silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon carbide (SiC) are used as raw materials, and SiC films are successfully prepared on the surface of graphite substrate by composite sintering at high temperatures. The phase and microstructure of SiC films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively, and the effect and mechanism of sintering temperature on the formation of SiC films were investigated. The results show that Si3N4 and SiC decompose under high temperatures to generate silicon vapor and carbon-silicon gas molecules, which migrate to the graphite surface to react with C and recrystallize to form a SiC film. The main crystal phase of the SiC film at high temperature is 3C-SiC, the spherical SiC grains with smooth surfaces and small size gradually grow into regular hexagonal grains, and the SiC film is denser and thicker.
Analysis of stamping dezincification of DP590 alloyed hot dip galvanized dual phase steel
Authors: Huang Geng , Liu Xueli , Li Liejun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
with the requirements of vehicle lightweight and safety performance, dual phase steel is more and more widely used in vehicles. However, the stamping of the sheet has attracted more attention due to the increased use of dual-phase steels in auto parts. In this paper, the surface morphology, composition, surface kinetic friction coefficient, and plate thickness change rate of stamping plates were detected, calculated, and analyzed respectively. Based on solving the problem of the dezincification defect of DP590 alloyed hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel during stamping. In addition, the stamping die was also investigated and analyzed, The results showed that the stamping die has deteriorated beyond the service life, resulting in the reduction of the adaptability between the die and the material. More importantly, the low Fe content and high dynamic friction coefficient of the surface of the stamped plate made the zinc layer unable to keep up with the tensile deformation of the substrate during stamping, which was the main factor for the lamellar detachment at the interface between the zinc layer and the substrate. By updating the dies and improving the plate design, the stamping dezincification defects of the sheet have basically disappeared.
Experimental study on physical and mechanical properties of foamed lightweight soil for underwater backfilling
Authors: Zhu Zhigang , Hu Xiaowu , Liu Xuyang , Liu Yaobang , Ye Xiansong , Liu Yamei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, foam lightweight soil was prepared from river sand and cinder from thermal power plants as raw materials. Combined with the requirements of embankment pouring and backfilling, the strength development, compressive strength, softening coefficient, water absorption, and other physical and mechanical properties of two different aggregate foam lightweight soils were compared. The applicability of foam light soil with river sand and cinder as aggregate in pouring and backfilling of hydraulic structures is analyzed and studied, which provides application and reference for related engineering and solid waste recycling.
Research on Geometrical Features of FGH95 Nickel-based Superalloy by Coaxial Single Track Laser Cladding
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Fang Jun , Zhang Peipei , Wang Songling , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
FGH95 nickel-base superalloy powders were coated on GH4169 nickel-base superalloy by coaxial single-track laser cladding. The effects of process parameters on cladding width and cladding height were studied based on the three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment. The experimental results are nonlinearly fitted by MATLAB software, and the mathematical model between the geometrical features and the process parameters is set up. The results show that the effect factor on the clad width is in the order of first power, followed by feeding rate, and scanning speed. However, the influence on the clad height is in the order of first scanning speed, followed by laser power, and feeding rate. The average prediction error of cladding width and height is less than 7%. The model can accurately forecast the geometrical features of the cladding coating and can offer some references for the optimization of laser cladding.
Research on high temperature deformation behavior and constitutive relation of Ti2AlNb alloy
Authors: Fan Jiafeng , Li Xiaoqiang , Xu Ganglai , Hou Jinbao , Wang Xuecheng , Zhu Zhencen , Shao Yonglin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A high-temperature plastic deformation is a failure form of Ti2AlNb alloy that deserves attention in the service process of aero-turbine engines. In this study, the deformation behavior of Ti2AlNb alloy has been studied through compression at 900 ~1100 °C and strain rates of 0.1 s−1, 0.01 s−1, and 0.001s−1. Then, the constitutive model of Ti2AlNb alloy has been established based on the true stress-strain curve. The results show that Ti2AlNb alloy has a high sensitivity to strain rate and temperature at the experimental condition. Ti2AlNb alloy still maintains good resistance to deformation at 900 °C, and the microstructure at the core region is basically unchanged after compression. In the boundary region, the microstructure changes significantly under the influence of stress. However, the yield strength of Ti2AlNb alloy decreases to about 5 MPa at 1100 °C, 0.001s−1, and the microstructure of the alloy has significant transformation which the O-phase structure decomposes and forms the α2 strip structure.
Research on solidified shell thickness in continuous casting blank
Authors: Li Huicheng , Wang Haixin , Yu Fei , Liu Haining , Chen Tingjun , Liu Sheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The stability of solidified shell thickness plays an important role in continuous casting. In this paper, 220mm × 260mm section continuous casting blank of an electric furnace company is taken as the research object. Under the condition of solidification process, the solidification shell thickness is simulated by the physical model established and ANSYS software. At the same time, according to the calculation formula of solidified shell thickness, combined with the specific data location of the designed and measured solidified shell thickness test, the good match between the experimental calculation and the model prediction is achieved. It provides a reliable basis for following F-EMS optimization and essential data sustain for the transformation and promotion of solidified structure of the blank under light pressure soft reduction.
Optimized preparation of MgO-ZrO2 nanocomposite powders by assisted sol-gel method
Authors: Song Zhijian , Liu Shikai , Huang Bin , Wang Jialin , Han Bibo , Yan Guojin , Sun Yaguang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To address the problems of the non-uniform mixing of raw materials and abnormal grain growth that often exists in traditional methods for nano-zirconia matrix composites, an assisted sol-gel method was employed to prepare MgO-ZrO2 nanocomposite powders. The effects of the addition of MgO and calcination atmosphere on the phase content and microscopic morphology of the ZrO2 powders were investigated. The results showed that ZrO2 powders with 5 wt% MgO could be partially stabilized in the tetragonal phase by calcination in a vacuum, and had small particle size and narrow particle size distribution, with an average particle size of about 95 nm. Compared with the samples calcined in air, the particle size of the powder in a vacuum is smaller, so it is more conducive to the stability of the tetragonal phase of zirconia.
Optimization of structural parameters of rotary swaging dies based on orthogonal experiments
Authors: Sun Xinxin , He Xuewen , Cao Kaihua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to alleviate the problem of excessive stress and easy wear on the rotary swaging die during the process of rotary swaging high-strength tungsten wire, the die structure was changed, the transition taper was designed, and the structural parameters were optimized to achieve the purpose of reducing the stress and extending the life of the rotary swaging die. The results show that the improvement of the die structure can largely reduce the effective stress of the die, and it is found that the transition fillet has the greatest influence on the effective stress of the die, followed by the cone angle of the transition taper, and the length of the transition taper has the least effect on the effective stress of the die. Finally, the optimal die structure parameters after improvement were obtained by orthogonal experiments: the cone angle of transition taper is 4°, the length of transition taper is 10 mm, and the radius of transition fillet is 3 mm.
Optimized design of sliding bearing parameters for electromagnetic direct drive cone crusher
Authors: Tian Fanghong , Tang Chao , Li Liejun , Wu Dongbo , Zhang Qixiao , He Yihua , Xu Erling 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The introduction of direct electromagnetic drive technology into hydraulic cone crusher has brought great progress to the traditional crushing technology, but the sliding bearing has repeatedly burned and held during the trial production of the prototype, which poses a new challenge to the trial work. In this paper, the failure of the sliding bearing of the direct-drive electromagnetic cone machine during the trial operation was analyzed. Then the sliding bearing structure was optimized, which ensured the safe and stable operation of the direct-drive electromagnetic cone machine.
Analysis of the influence of different droplet size distribution on wing impact characteristics and ice shape
Authors: Bai Yuxiang , Hu Shushan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When an aircraft is flying, due to the presence of a large amount of liquid water in the air, the liquid water will freeze on the surface of the wing and accumulate into ice, which is one of the most important factors leading to flight accidents, and the particle diameter of water droplets is an important reason to determine the impact characteristics of water droplets. Taking the NACA0012 airfoil as the research object, the N-S equation is used to obtain the flow field characteristics, and the influence of the multi-size distribution of droplets and the diameter of droplets on the impact characteristics and the ice pattern under the airfoil is numerically calculated by using the finite element software. The results show that the larger the diameter of the water droplet, the larger the impact area on the wing surface, and the larger the liquid water collection coefficient on the wing surface. Different droplet size distribution has a non-negligible effect on the ice pattern.
Research on the design of new high-strength and high-toughness steel and its manufacturing parameters
Authors: Zuo Duo , Liang Liang , Wu Teng , Li Zhao , Xiong Weiliang , Wu Run 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The lightweight of the steel structure can be achieved by the high strength and high toughness of steel. In this paper, the composition design and optimal manufacturing process of the experimental steel were investigated. The fine and uniform microstructure of tempered sorbite can be obtained under the conditions of TMCP (Thermo Mechanical Control Process), 920 °C quenching, and 650 °C tempering for the steel by micro-alloying with Nb, V, and Ti. The steel has properties as follows: yield strength of 1015 MPa, tensile strength of 1076 MPa, elongation of 14.5%, and -40 °C AKV 81 J. The parameters of quenching and tempering heat treatment have a decisive influence on the size and distribution of ferrite grains and precipitates of tempered sorbite.
AIRRT*: An improved fast path planning algorithm for manipulators
Authors: Chen Jie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Path planning algorithms based on sampling have been widely studied and applied in recent years, among which the Informed-RRT* algorithm is a typically progressive optimization algorithm. To overcome the weakness of low optimization efficiency of the Informed-RRT* algorithm, an improved algorithm AIRRT* (Adaptive Informed-RRT*) is proposed, which can greatly improve optimization efficiency and improve the quality of optimized paths. According to the node distribution of the initial path, the appropriate node construction areas are dynamically selected first in the process of direct local sampling. Then collision detection and reconstruction are performed. Unlike the traditional algorithm, the AIRRT* algorithm determines the area to be reconstructed firstly, then performs direct local sampling in the reconstructed area, and finally reconstructs the path to improve the sampling efficiency. In addition, to reduce the searching difficulty of global path nodes, the invalid nodes are removed in reconstruction, which limits the growth of nodes in optimization. AIRRT* algorithm is compared with the common algorithms through simulation experiments, which proves that AIRRT* algorithm has obvious advantages in algorithm efficiency and path quality and has good applicability in varied scenarios.