bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on dynamic characteristics of a rod fastening rotor-bearing coupling system with fixed-point rubbing
Authors: Yang Yang , Ouyang H. J. , Zeng Jin , Ma Hui , Yang Yiren , Cao Dengqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to gain insight into the nonlinear vibration feature of a dynamic model of a gas turbine. First, a rod fastening rotor-bearing coupling model with fixed-point rubbing is proposed, where the fractal theory and the finite element method are utilized. For contact analysis, a novel contact force model is introduced in this paper. Meanwhile, the Coulomb model is adopted to expound the friction characteristics. Second, the governing equations of motion of the rotor system are numerically solved, and the nonlinear dynamic characteristics are analyzed in terms of the bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map, and time history. Third, the potential effects provided by contact degree of joint interface, distribution position, and amount of contact layer are discussed in detail. Finally, the contrast analysis between the integral rotor and the rod fastening rotor is conducted under the condition of fixed-point rubbing.
Brine shrimps adrift: historical species turnover in Western Mediterranean Artemia (Anostraca)
Authors: Sainz-Escudero Lucía , Karen López-Estrada E. , Rodríguez-Flores Paula C. , García-París Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrine shrimps (Artemia) have undergone geographic range and demographic expansions as a result of their interaction with humans since the beginning of salt harvesting. This interaction has favoured the expansion of some species but compromising the survival of others. Mediterranean native populations of Artemia salina from coastal salterns and lagoons are facing the presence and expansion of the introduced and invasive American species Artemia monica (= A. franciscana). However, this species could not be the only threat. Parthenogenetic populations of the Asian species A. urmiana and A. sinica are widespread along the Mediterranean and other areas of the world. In this work, with the use of large cox1 and mitogenomic datasets, phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences, and a time calibrated tree, we confirmed the Asian origin and recent arrival of the current Western Mediterranean parthenogenetic populations of Artemia. In addition, the replacement of Iberian populations of A. salina by Asiatic parthenogenetic populations lead us to recognize parthenogens as invasive. Current salterns development and commercial importance of Artemia make human-mediated introduction probable. These results demonstrate again the impact that changing human interests have on population expansion or decline of species adapted to anthropogenic habitats. Artemia salina decline makes urgent the implementation of conservation measures such as its use in fish farming and salt production or its inoculation in inland salterns.
Taurine Alleviates Chronic Social Defeat Stress-Induced Depression by Protecting Cortical Neurons from Dendritic Spine Loss
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Wang Rui , Fan Ze , Luo Danlei , Cai Guohong , Li Xinyang , Han Jiao , Zhuo Lixia , Zhang Li , Zhang Haifeng , Li Yan , Wu Shengxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbnormal amino acid metabolism in neural cells is involved in the occurrence and development of major depressive disorder. Taurine is an important amino acid required for brain development. Here, microdialysis combined with metabonomic analysis revealed that the level of taurine in the extracellular fluid of the cerebral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly reduced in mice with chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression. Therefore, taurine supplementation may be usable an intervention for depression. We found that taurine supplementation effectively rescued immobility time during a tail suspension assay and improved social avoidance behaviors in CSDS mice. Moreover, taurine treatment protected CSDS mice from impairments in dendritic complexity, spine density, and the proportions of different types of spines. The expression of N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subunit 2A, an important synaptic receptor, was largely restored in the mPFC of these mice after taurine supplementation. These results demonstrated that taurine exerted an antidepressive effect by protecting cortical neurons from dendritic spine loss and synaptic protein deficits.
Projected climate change and its impacts on glaciers and water resources in the headwaters of the Tarim River, NW China/Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Wortmann Michel , Duethmann Doris , Menz Christoph , Bolch Tobias , Huang Shaochun , Tong Jiang , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Krysanova Valentina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glacierised river catchments are highly sensitive to climate change, while large populations may depend on their water resources. The irrigation agriculture and the communities along the Tarim River, NW China, strongly depend on the discharge from the glacierised catchments surrounding the Taklamakan Desert. While recent increasing discharge has been beneficial for the agricultural sector, future runoff under climate change is uncertain. We assess three climate change scenarios by forcing two glacio-hydrological models with output of eight general circulation models. The models have different glaciological modelling approaches but were both calibrated to discharge and glacier mass balance observations. Projected changes in climate, glacier cover and river discharge are examined over the twenty-first century and generally point to warmer and wetter conditions. The model ensemble projects median temperature and precipitation increases of + 1.9–5.3 °C and + 9–24%, respectively, until the end of the century compared to the 1971–2000 reference period. Glacier area is projected to shrink by 15–73% (model medians, range over scenarios), depending on the catchment. River discharge is projected to first increase by about 20% in the Aksu River catchments with subsequent decreases of up to 20%. In contrast, discharge in the drier Hotan and Yarkant catchments is projected to increase by 15–60% towards the end of the century. The large uncertainties mainly relate to the climate model ensemble and the limited observations to constrain the glacio-hydrological models. Sustainable water resource management will be key to avert the risks associated with the projected changes and their uncertainties.
Global implicit solver for multiphase multicomponent flow in porous media with multiple gas components and general reactions
Authors: Knodel Markus M. , Kräutle Serge , Knabner Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to study the efficiency of the various forms of trapping including mineral trapping scenarios for CO2 storage behavior in deep layers of porous media, highly nonlinear coupled diffusion-advection-reaction partial differential equations (PDEs) including kinetic and equilibrium reactions modeling the miscible multiphase multicomponent flow have to be solved. We apply the globally fully implicit PDE reduction method (PRM) developed 2007 by Kräutle and Knabner for one-phase flow, which was extended 2019 to the case of two-phase flow with a pure gas in the study of Brunner and Knabner. We extend the method to the case of an arbitrary number of gases in gaseous phase, because CO2 is not the only gas that threats the climate, and usually is accompanied by other climate killing gases. The application of the PRM leads to an equation system consisting of PDEs, ordinary differential equations, and algebraic equations. The Finite Element discretized / Finite Volume stabilized equations are separated into a local and a global system but nevertheless coupled by the resolution function and evaluated with the aid of a nested Newton solver, so our solver is fully global implicit. For the phase disappearance, we use persistent variables which lead to a semismooth formulation that is solved with a semismooth Newton method. We present scenarios of the injection of a mixture of various gases into deep layers, we investigate phase change effects in the context of various gases, and study the mineral trapping effects of the storage technique. The technical framework also applies to other fields such as nuclear waste storage or oil recovery.
Is there an optimum of realism in computer-generated instructional visualizations?
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Realistic visualizations are abundantly used in digital education. However, the use of realism is still thought to risk a cognitive overload due to excessive details. Moreover, it is still not precisely known whether there is an optimal level of realism that benefits learners the most. In two experimental studies, different versions of anatomical visualizations were compared regarding their effects on retention performance and the subjective cognitive load experienced during learning. In Experiment 1 (n = 73), four visualizations with minor variations in the geometry and shading of the model featured in the visualizations were used. Although neither the level of detail in the geometry nor the realism of the shading resulted in significant differences, a detailed model with simplified shading elicited the highest retention scores descriptively. In Experiment 2 (n = 156), a schematic visualization was compared with an “idealized” model featuring only simplified shading and a highly realistic rendering. There most realistic version elicited the highest retention scores, but also the highest cognitive load ratings. Taken together, the results suggest that the optimal level of realism might lie on the more realistic end of the spectrum for learning tasks focused on the memorization of shapes that are assessed using image-based tests.
The webcam and student engagement in synchronous online learning: visually or verbally?
Authors: Händel Marion , Bedenlier Svenja , Kopp Bärbel , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela , Kammerl Rudolf , Ziegler Albert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Given that video conferencing serves as a crucial means for remote teaching, the current study investigated higher education students’ (non)use of webcams and engagement in synchronous online courses. Three phases were studied: (1) A state of engagement; (2) antecedents that influence it; and (3) consequences of engagement. The cross-sectional online survey encompassed 3,610 students. Results indicated that visual and verbal engagement were only slightly related to each other. Structural equation modelling revealed different direct and indirect influences on either visual or verbal engagement in synchronous online higher education courses. Due to the novelty of the research scope, results of this study provide a foundation for further investigation.
Prevalence of acute respiratory infections among children in India: Regional inequalities and risk factors
Authors: Hasan Md Masud , Saha Kamal Kumar , Yunus Rossita Mohamad , Alam Khorshed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim
The high incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related morbidity and mortality is a major public health concern in developing countries. This study aimed to quantify regional inequalities and the degree of association between childhood ARI and background factors.

Methods
This study utilised information of 238 945 children aged below five years extracted from the Fourth Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Inter-state and regional inequality in the prevalence of ARI were quantified and presented using a map of India and forest plot. The association of background characteristics and ARI was quantified using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models.

Results
Significant inequalities in the prevalence of childhood ARI were observed across the six regions of India. Considering the children from north-east region as a reference, those from north, central and east regions were 0.68, 1.02 and 0.57 times more likely to suffer from ARI. Comorbidity, sex, age and nutritional status of children were significantly associated with the prevalence of ARI.

Conclusions
ARI remains a significant public health concern among Indian children. The results of this study showed that significant regional disparities in the prevalence of ARI exist in India. This study adds value to the better understanding of inequality patterns and quantifies within- and intra-region inequalities in the prevalence of ARI in India.
CO2 supplementation eliminates sugar-rich media requirement for plant propagation using a simple inexpensive temporary immersion photobioreactor
Authors: Trauger Marena , Hile April , Sreenivas Krishnan , Shouse Eva Mei , Bhatt Jishnu , Lai Tina , Mohandass Ramya , Tripathi Leena , Ogden Aaron J. , Curtis Wayne R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn vitro plant propagation systems such as temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs) are valuable tools that enable production of disease-free plants with improved traits. However, TIB systems can be expensive, difficult to implement, and prone to contamination due to sugar rich propagation media. Using rapidly growing chicory root cultures to expedite design-build-test cycles, we report here an improved, low-cost version of a previously reported Hydrostatically-driven TIB (Hy-TIB) that facilitates economical use of gas mixtures. Bioreactor improvements include decreased material costs, expanded modes of operation, and a horizontal orientation of a plastic film plant growth chambers that increase propagule light exposure. To take advantage of these improvements, we describe here experiments that evaluate the impacts of elevated CO2 on propagation of cacao (Theobroma cacao) secondary embryos and nodal cultures of yam (Dioscorea spp.) during both phototrophic and photomixotrophic growth. Our experiments show that elevated CO2 during plant propagation significantly improved both cacao and yam propagule development and eliminated the need for supplemental sugars in tissue culture growth media. Thus, our improved Hy-TIB shows potential as a simple, low-cost, and scalable propagation platform with cost-effective gas composition control and reduced risk of contamination overgrowth. We provide detailed instructions for assembly of this Hy-TIB design and discuss the implications of its adoption in food-insecure regions of the world.
Biopolymer-biocement composite treatment for stabilisation of soil against both current and wave erosion
Authors: Dubey Anant Aishwarya , Hooper-Lewis Jack , Ravi K. , Dhami Navdeep Kaur , Mukherjee Abhijit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreased frequency of extreme weather events has made the conservation of riverbanks and coastlines a global concern. Soil stabilisation via microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is one of the most eco-suitable candidates for improving resilience against erosion. In this study, the erosion characteristics of soil treated with various levels of biocementation are investigated. The samples were subjected to hydraulic flow in both tangential and perpendicular directions in a flume to simulate riverbank and coastal situations. Soil mass loss, eroded volume, and cumulative erosion rates of the treated soil against the applied hydraulic energy density have been reported. Post erosion exposure, the residual soil has been assessed for its properties using needle penetration resistance, precipitated calcium carbonate content and microstructure. It was observed that soil erosion declined exponentially with the increase in calcium carbonate content against the perpendicular waves. However, biocementation leads to brittle fracture beyond a threshold, limiting its efficacy, especially against the tangential waves. Additional composite treatment with a biopolymer was found to improve the resilience of the soil specimens against erosion. The composite treatment required half of the quantity of the biocementing reagents in comparison to the equally erosion-resistant plain biocemented sample. Therefore, stoichiometrically the composite treatment is likely to yield 50% lesser ammonia than plain biocement treatment. This investigation unravels a promising soil conservation technique via the composite effect of biocement and biopolymer.
Preface
Authors: Ahmedov Bobomurat J. , Bokhari Ashfaque H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis special issue of the Arabian Journal of Mathematics consists of research articles on some interesting topics in Theoretical & Mathematical Physics as well as theoretical aspects of Relativistic Astrophysics. These research articles were presented in an International Conference on Relativistic Astrophysics and Gravitation (ICRAG) held in Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of Uzbekistan during May 12–14, 2021.
Gyro-stellar inertial attitude estimation for satellite with high motion rate
Authors: Lin C.-L. , Li J.-C. , Chiu C.-L. , Wu Y.-W.A. , Jan Y.-W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor a common micro-satellite, orbiting in a circular sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) at an altitude between 500 and 600km, the satellite attitude during off-nadir imaging and staring-imaging operations can be up to ±45 degree on roll and pitch angles. During these off-nadir pointing for both multi-trip operation and staring imaging operations, the spacecraft body is commonly subject to high-rate motion. This posts challenges for a spacecraft attitude determination subsystem called Gyro Stellar Inertial Attitude Estimate (GS IAE), which employs gyros and star sensors to maintain the required attitude knowledge, since star trackers will severely degrade attitude estimation accuracies when the spacecraft is subject to high-rate motion. This paper analyses the star motion-induced errors for a typical star tracker, models the star motion-induced errors to assess the performance impact on the attitude estimation accuracy, and investigates the adaptive extended Kalman filter design in the GS IAE while evaluating its effectiveness.
Bowen–Walters expansiveness for semigroups of linear operators
Authors: LEE J. , MORALES C. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe define positively expansive semigroups of linear operators on Banach spaces. We characterize these semigroups in terms of the point spectrum of the infinitesimal generator. In particular, we prove that a positively expansive semigroup is neither uniformly bounded nor equicontinuous. We apply our results to the Lasota equation.
Healthcare worker safety program in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) alternate care site: The Javits New York Medical Station experience
Authors: Thompson Chad N. , Mugford Christopher , Merriman Joel R. , Chen Mark A. , Hutter Joseph D. , Maruna Thomas J. , Bacon Wanza R. , Childs Richard W. , Pati Rituparna , Clifton G. Travis , Pazdan Renee M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:In March 2020, New York City became the epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. Because healthcare facilities were overwhelmed with patients, the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center was transformed into the nation’s largest alternate care site: Javits New York Medical Station (hereafter termed Javits). Protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) during a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in a nontraditional healthcare setting posed unique challenges. We describe components of the HCW safety program implemented at Javits.Setting:Javits, a large convention center transformed into a field hospital, with clinical staff from the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the US Department of Defense.Methods:Key strategies to ensure HCW safety included ensuring 1-way flow of traffic on and off the patient floor, developing a matrix detailing PPE required for each work activity and location, PPE extended use and reuse protocols, personnel training, and monitoring adherence to PPE donning/doffing protocols when entering or exiting the patient floor. Javits staff who reported COVID-19 symptoms were immediately isolated, monitored, and offered a severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.Conclusions:A well-designed and implemented HCW safety plan can minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for HCWs. The lessons learned from operating the nation’s largest COVID-19 alternate care site can be adapted to other environments during public health emergencies.
Molecular identification and lipid mobilization role of adipokinetic hormone receptor in Spodoptera litura (F.)
Authors: Dong Xiaolin , Chen Junyuan , Xu Rubing , Li Xihong , Wang Yang , Pan Xue , Zhang Cuici , Li Yanyan , Wang Fulian , Li Chuanren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnergy homeostasis is essential for organisms to maintain fluctuation in energy accumulation, mobilization. Lipids as the main energy reserve in insects, their metabolism is under the control of many physiological program. This study aimed to determine whether the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR) was involved in the lipid mobilization in the Spodoptera litura. A full-length cDNA encoding AKHR was isolated from S. litura. The SlAKHR protein has a conserved seven-transmembrane domain which is the character of a putative G protein receptor. Expression profile investigation revealed that SlAKHR mRNA was highly expressed in immatural stage and abundant in fat body in newly emerged female adults. Knockdown of SlAKHR expression was achieved through RNAi by injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the 6th instar larvae. The content of triacylgycerol (TAG) in the fat body increased significantly after the SlAKHR gene was knockdown. And decrease of TAG releasing to hemolymph with increase of free fatty acid (FFA) in hemolymph were observed when the SlAKHR gene was knowned-down. In addition, lipid droplets increased in fat body was also found. These results suggested that SlAKHR is critical for insects to regulate lipids metabolism.
A pinching estimate for convex hypersurfaces evolving under a non-homogeneous variant of mean curvature flow
Authors: Espin Tim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study a variant of the mean curvature flow for closed, convex hypersurfaces where the normal velocity is a non-homogeneous function of the principal curvatures. We show that if the initial hypersurface satisfies a certain pinching condition, then this is preserved and the flow converges to a sphere under rescaling.
The human fear paradox: Affective origins of cooperative care
Authors: Grossmann Tobias 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Already as infants humans are more fearful than our closest living primate relatives, the chimpanzees. Yet heightened fearfulness is mostly considered maladaptive, as it is thought to increase the risk of developing anxiety and depression. How can this human fear paradox be explained? The fearful ape hypothesis presented herein stipulates that, in the context of cooperative caregiving and provisioning unique to human great ape group life, heightened fearfulness was adaptive. This is because from early in ontogeny fearfulness expressed and perceived enhanced care-based responding and provisioning from, while concurrently increasing cooperation with, mothers and others. This explanation is based on a synthesis of existing research with human infants and children, demonstrating a link between fearfulness, greater sensitivity to and accuracy in detecting fear in others, and enhanced levels of cooperative behaviors. These insights critically advance current evolutionary theories of human cooperation by adding an early-developing affective component to the human cooperative makeup. Moreover, the current proposal has important cultural, societal, and health implications, as it challenges the predominant view in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies that commonly construe fearfulness as a maladaptive trait, potentially ignoring its evolutionary adaptive functions.