bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary glaucomas in adults: Epidemiology and public health‐A review
Authors: Reis Tulio F. , Paula Jayter S. , Furtado João M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is a mixed group of optic neuropathies that lead to irreversible visual field loss and blindness if left untreated. It is estimated that 3.5% of the global population aged 40 to 80 years have any glaucoma, being the primary open‐angle and the primary angle‐closure glaucoma the most prevalent forms. Although the age‐standardised prevalence of blindness caused by glaucoma has decreased substantially over the last decades, population growth and ageing impose many challenges in preventing glaucoma‐related morbidities on a global level. In addition, difficulties in diagnoses and treatment, along with its chronic and irreversible nature, urge the development and implementation of innovative approaches in confronting the disease. This manuscript reviews recent literature related to the epidemiology of primary glaucomas in adults, the risk factors attributed to the development of the disease, and discuss challenges and potential solutions from a public health perspective.
Prevalence and incidence of hand eczema in hairdressers—A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published literature from 2000–2021
Authors: Havmose Martin S. , Kezic Sanja , Uter Wolfgang , Symanzik Cara , Hallmann Sarah , Strahwald Julia , Weinert Patricia , Macan Marija , Turk Rajka , van der Molen Henk F. , Babić Željka , Macan Jelena , John Swen M. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHairdressers are commonly affected by hand eczema (HE) due to skin hazardous exposure such as irritants and allergens in the work environment.ObjectiveTo give an overview of the current prevalence, incidence, and severity, as well as the pattern of debut and the contribution of atopic dermatitis on HE in hairdressers.MethodsA systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was performed. Studies published from 2000 to April 2021 that fulfilled predefined eligibility criteria were retrieved.ResultsA pooled lifetime prevalence of 38.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.6‐43.8), a pooled 1‐year prevalence of 20.3% (95% CI 18.0‐22.6), and a pooled point prevalence of 7.7% (95% CI 5.8‐9.6) of HE was observed in hairdressers. The lifetime prevalence in fully trained hairdressers and hairdressing apprentices was almost identical. The pooled incidence rate of HE was 51.8 cases/1000 person‐years (95% CI 42.6‐61.0) and the pooled prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 18.1% (95% CI 13.6‐22.5).ConclusionHE is common in hairdressers and most hairdressers have debut during apprenticeship. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in hairdressers is comparable with estimates in the general population, indicating that occupational exposures are the main factor in the increased prevalence of HE in hairdressers. This warrants a strategic and collective effort to prevent HE in hairdressers.
Diversity and determinants of the sigmoid septum and its impact on morphology of the outflow tract as revealed using cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Tsuda Daisuke , Mori Shumpei , Izawa Yu , Toh Hiroyuki , Suzuki Masataka , Takahashi Yu , Toba Takayoshi , Fujiwara Sei , Tanaka Hidekazu , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Kono Atsushi K. , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sigmoid septum has been generally evaluated subjectively and qualitatively, without detailed examination of its diversity, impact on the morphology of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), and anatomical background.MethodsWe enrolled 100 patients without any background cardiac diseases (67.5 ± 12.8 years old; 43% women) who underwent cardiac computed tomography. Basal septal morphology was evaluated using antero‐superior and medial bulging angles (bidirectional angulation of the basal septum relative to the LVOT). The eccentricity index of the LVOT, area narrowing ratio (LVOT/virtual basal ring area), aortic‐to‐left ventricular axial angle (angulation of the aortic root relative to the left ventricle), and wedged height (non‐coronary aortic sinus to inferior epicardium distance) were also quantified.ResultsThe antero‐superior bulging, medial bulging, aortic‐to‐left ventricular axial angles, LVOT eccentricity index, area narrowing ratio, and wedged height were 76° ± 17°, 166° ± 27°, 127° ± 9°, 1.8 ± 0.5, 1.0 ± 0.2, and 41.2 ± 9.1 mm, respectively. Both bulging angles were correlated with each other and contributed to the narrowing and deformation of the LVOT. Angulated aortic root was not correlated with either bidirectional septal bulge or LVOT narrowing. Clockwise rotation of the aortic root rotation was an independent predictor of prominent antero‐superior septal bulge. Deeper aortic wedging was a common independent predictor of bidirectional septal bulge.ConclusionsThe extent of septal bulge varies in normal hearts. Along with deep aortic wedging, the bidirectional bulge of the basal septum deforms and narrows the LVOT without affecting the virtual basal ring morphology.
The novel persistent sodium current inhibitor PRAX‐562 has potent anticonvulsant activity with improved protective index relative to standard of care sodium channel blockers
Authors: Kahlig Kristopher M. , Scott Liam , Hatch Robert J. , Griffin Andrew , Martinez Botella Gabriel , Hughes Zoë A. , Wittmann Marion 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of PRAX‐562 on sodium current (INa), intrinsic neuronal excitability, and protection from evoked seizures to determine whether a preferential persistent INa inhibitor would exhibit improved preclinical efficacy and tolerability compared to two standard voltage‐gated sodium channel (NaV) blockers.MethodsInhibition of INa was characterized using patch clamp analysis. The effect on intrinsic excitability was measured using evoked action potentials recorded from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model, and tolerability was assessed by measuring spontaneous locomotor activity (sLMA).ResultsPRAX‐562 potently and preferentially inhibited persistent INa induced by ATX‐II or the SCN8A mutation N1768D (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 141 and 75 nmol·L–1, respectively) relative to peak INa tonic/resting block (60× preference). PRAX‐562 also exhibited potent use‐dependent block (31× preference to tonic block). This profile is considerably different from standard NaV blockers, including carbamazepine (CBZ; persistent INa IC50 = 77 500 nmol·L–1, preference ratios of 30× [tonic block], less use‐dependent block observed at various frequencies). In contrast to CBZ, PRAX‐562 reduced neuronal intrinsic excitability with only a minor reduction in action potential amplitude. PRAX‐562 (10 mg/kg po) completely prevented evoked seizures without affecting sLMA (MES unbound brain half‐maximal efficacious concentration = 4.3 nmol·L–1, sLMA half‐maximal tolerated concentration = 69.7 nmol·L–1, protective index [PI] = 16×). In contrast, CBZ and lamotrigine (LTG) had PIs of approximately 5.5×, with significant overlap between doses that were anticonvulsant and that reduced locomotor activity.SignificancePRAX‐562 demonstrated robust preclinical anticonvulsant activity similar to CBZ but improved compared to LTG. PRAX‐562 exhibited significantly improved preclinical tolerability compared with standard NaV blockers (CBZ and LTG), potentially due to the preference for persistent INa. Preferential targeting of persistent INa may represent a differentiated therapeutic option for diseases of hyperexcitability, where standard NaV blockers have demonstrated efficacy but poor tolerability.
“You are mum and then they are mum”: Negotiating roles, relationships, and contact in out‐of‐home care
Authors: Collings Susan , Wright Amy C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveBirth family contact can be undermined by relationship difficulties between adults from children's two families, especially in relation to role ambiguity for mother figures. Research to understand relationships between birth mothers and female caregivers across all placement types is needed.BackgroundIn Australia, children in long‐term care, guardianship, and open adoption have direct contact with members of their birth families. The extent to which maternal figures work together is critical to children's ability to enjoy ongoing birth family connections, particularly First Nations children, who are overrepresented in out‐of‐home care.MethodQualitative methods were used to understand the personal attributes that influence relationships between five dyads of birth mothers and their child's female caregivers in New South Wales. Four were foster or kinship carers, two had adoptions underway, and one was a legal guardian. Three birth mothers identified as Aboriginal, and no caregivers did so. Analysis mapped birth mothers' acceptance and carers' communicative openness and interpreted influences of interpersonal skills, contact, and power dynamics on relationship quality.ResultsPositive and natural interactions between children’ mother figures can exist irrespective of legal arrangement when both are able to demonstrate emotional competence and learn relationship‐building skills and overcome power imbalances.ConclusionThe complexity of managing relationships in the context of permanent child removal is influenced by how well children's two mother figures renegotiate their roles.ImplicationsFamilies need support to discuss the goals and purpose of contact and identify relational resources and challenges. Professionals could use visit coaching to support children's two families in navigating contact.
Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015–2019
Authors: Fanciulli Chiara , Berenguer Juan , Busca Carmen , Vivancos María J. , Téllez María J. , Domínguez Lourdes , Domingo Pere , Navarro Jordi , Santos Jesús , Iribarren José A. , Morano Luis , Artero Arturo , Moreno Javier , Rivero‐Román Antonio , Santos Ignacio , Giner Livia , Armiñanzas Carlos , Montero Marta , Manzardo Christian , Cifuentes Carmen , García Coral , Galindo María J. , Ferrero Oscar L. , Sanz José , de la Fuente Belén , Rodríguez Carmen , Gaspar Gabriel , Pérez Laura , Losa Juan E. , Force Luis , Veloso Sergio , Martínez‐Alfaro Elisa , Jarrín Inmaculada , De Miguel Marta , González Garcia Juan ,   GeSIDA 8514 Study Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the prevalence of anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV‐RNA‐positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015–2018.MethodsThe study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation.ResultsThe reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)‐positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV‐RNA‐positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV‐RNA‐positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV‐RNA‐positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti‐HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti‐HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct‐acting antiviral agents, HCV‐related cirrhosis remains significant in this population.
Will Fractional‐Reserve Stablecoin Banking Replace Bitcoin and Some Traditional Banking Payments?
Authors: Calomiris Charles W. 
Published: January 2022

The former Chief Economist of the OCC discusses how FinTech innovators are developing new ways of improving banking services that promise to increase both the efficiency and soundness of the U.S. financial system. Most of these innovations are focused on either lending or payments, but not both, since FinTech providers, unlike traditional banks, tend to specialize in one of the two activities.This “unbundling” of payments from lending is particularly notable in block‐chain‐based coins used for payments. Although the greatest attention has been paid to Bitcoin in the debate over the future of blockchain‐based payments, the author notes that Bitcoin is not the most promising blockchain‐based payments technology, just the first. For one thing, Bitcoin is not a suitable substitute for the traditional system of checking accounts that execute payments via the centralized Fed‐managed network. Most obviously, account holders with checking accounts want to maintain significant balances in a stable store of value, and Bitcoin's value is anything but stable, owing to its lack of a connection to anything of intrinsic or derivative value.Stablecoins, by contrast, are a rapidly growing segment of blockchain‐based payments with the ability to offer faster, more complex, and more secure payment services, and a virtually riskless store of value. This combination of benefits should allow stablecoins to outcompete both Bitcoin and the existing bank to bank system in the long run. Furthermore, providing stablecoin issuers the option to be chartered as National Banks would, by ensuring their examination by reputable third parties, enable stablecoin issuers to make credible commitments to honest accounting practices—especially, regarding their reported cash resources—and credible disclosure of the algorithms that govern their operations.Despite the potential social gains from creating a blockchain‐based stablecoin payments network and permitting the chartering of stablecoin issuers, both the existence of stablecoin issuers and their prospective chartering as banks remain in doubt because of politics. Incumbent banks, the Federal Reserve, and constituents that benefit from transfers they receive under the current regulatory regime governing incumbent banks all stand to lose power and wealth from the disappearance of the existing system. And so the struggle over the future of payments is not just a matter of economic competition, but also of relative political influence in determining whether socially beneficial technological progress will be permitted.
Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy and Planned Home Birth
Authors: Buchanan Christina , Kuo Sheree , Minton Lea , Lee Men‐Jean , Choi So Yung , Soon Reni 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAs planned home births increase, emerging evidence on the perinatal outcomes of newborns who were planned hospital births versus planned home births has been inconsistent, and a growing number of states have attempted to legislate community births. We sought to determine whether an association exists between neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a complication of ischemic birth injury, and planned location of birth.MethodsA case‐control study design was used to compare data from neonates with HIE obtained from electronic health records at Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawaii, with data from neonates without HIE obtained from Hawaii state birth certificate data. A penalized backward stepwise logistic regression was performed to control for confounders.ResultsWe included 164 neonates with HIE and 656 neonates in the control group. The odds of having been a planned home birth were 2.77 times higher in neonates with HIE compared with those without HIE (95% CI, 1.05‐6.87). After adjusting for insurance, mode of birth, meconium fluid, maternal hypertension, and chorioamnionitis, neonates with HIE were still more likely to have been a planned home birth compared with those without HIE (odds ratio, 11.56; 95% CI, 1.37‐118.77).DiscussionNeonates with HIE were more likely to have been a planned home birth compared with neonates without HIE.
Single session of combined microfat and subcision in the treatment of Grade 4 atrophic acne scars
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Huang Beng , Yang Mingxia , Yin Bo , Cai Lei , Tang Xiaojun , Li Facheng , Han Xuefeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere atrophic acne scars (AAS) remain the “Achilles's heel” of AAS treatment. The combination of microfat and subcision treatment is a potential solution for severe AAS.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined microfat and subcision treatment for severe (Grade 4) AAS.MethodsData of patients with Grade 4 AAS who underwent combined microfat and subcision treatment between September 2016 and December 2020 were reviewed. Post‐treatment evaluation was performed at least 3 months postoperatively. The severity of AAS was graded based on Goodman's qualitative classification. The volume of concavities was measured using an Antera 3D camera. Complications were documented.ResultsA total of 42 patients received a single treatment session. Excellent response was observed in 5 (11.9%) patients, very good in 13 (31.0%), good in 22 (52.4%), and poor response in 2 (4.7%). The average reduction of the total volume of concavities was 28.0%. The most common minor side effects were mild swelling and bruising. No major complications were observed.ConclusionsCombined microfat and subcision treatment is a safe and effective treatment for severe AAS. The approach will be a significant treatment for severe AAS.
Shift and Persist in Mexican American Youth: A Longitudinal Test of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Stein Gabriela L. , Jensen Michaeline , Christophe Noah Keita , Cruz Rick A. , Martin Romero Michelle , Robins Richard 
Published: January 2022

This paper tested whether shift‐&‐persist coping, or coping involving the combination of cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, and optimism (Chen & Miller, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2012, 7, 135), attenuates the risks presented by economic hardship and ethnic discrimination for change in depressive symptoms from 9th to 12th grade, in a sample of 674 Mexican American youth (Mage W1 = 10.86; 50% female; 72% US born) and whether this effect depends on ethnic pride. Structural equation modeling indicated that, when accounting for economic hardship, shift‐&‐persist was associated with fewer concurrent depression symptoms. Youth with lower ethnic pride who endorsed high levels of shift‐&‐persist were protected against the negative impacts of peer ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms. Future research on ethnic discrimination should examine patterns of coping and identity that can mitigate risk.
Regulation of gingival fibroblast phenotype by periodontal ligament cells in vitro
Authors: Garna Devy F. , Hughes Francis J. , Ghuman Mandeep S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesStem cell transplantation has shown modest effects on periodontal tissue regeneration, and it is still unclear how regenerative effects utilizing this modality are mediated. A greater understanding of the basic interactions between implanted and host cells is needed to improve future strategies. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on expression of periodontal markers and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of gingival fibroblasts (GF).Materials and MethodsPrimary human PDL cells were co‐cultured with primary GF cultures either by direct co‐culture with subsequent FACS sorting or indirect co‐culture using transwell cultures and PDL cell conditioned medium. Expression of periodontal markers, asporin, nestin, and periostin, was assessed by qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression was assessed by qPCR, histochemical staining, and activity assessed by para‐nitrophenol enzymatic assay. Single cultures of PDL cells and GF were used as controls. The role of Wnt signaling on ALP activity was assessed via Dkk1‐mediated inhibition.ResultsPDL cells significantly upregulated expression of PDL markers in GF with both direct and indirect co‐culture methods when compared to controls (6.05 vs. 0.73 and 59.48 vs. 17.55 fold change of asporin expression). PDL/GF cell co‐cultures significantly increased ALP activity in GF when compared with single GF cultures. Similar results were obtained when using conditioned medium isolated from PDL cell cultures. Dkk1 caused dose‐dependent reduction in ALP activity of GF cultured in PDL cell conditioned medium.ConclusionsPDL cells stimulate expression of periodontal markers and osteogenic capacity of gingival fibroblasts via paracrine signaling which can be partially inhibited with addition of the Wnt antagonist, Dkk1.Further studies are required to identify specific secreted factors responsible for this activity.
Narratives in supplier negotiations—The interplay of narrative design elements, structural power, and outcomes
Authors: Kaufmann Lutz , Schreiner Moritz , Reimann Felix 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn buyer–supplier negotiations, both parties shape the relational and contractual dimensions of their collaboration. Being able to influence the other party during negotiations is therefore vital to improve performance outcomes. This research takes a configurational approach to investigate how buyers can use narratives in different power situations to influence suppliers and improve their relational and economic negotiation results. In our first study, we conduct narrative writing workshops to identify typical design elements of such narratives. In our second study, we employ fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to determine how different configurations of these design elements influence narratives' effectiveness in different power situations. Our theoretical contributions are twofold. First, we expand narrative transportation theory, showing that narratives consist of interlinked design elements and that narrative effectiveness is a causally complex phenomenon. Second, for the field of supply chain management, we develop theory by introducing narratives as an additional means of influence in buyer–supplier negotiations and by examining the interplay between narrative design elements, structural power, and negotiation outcomes that are specific to the buyer–supplier relationship. Based on the configurations of narratives that we found were effective and ineffective in different power situations, we derive propositions to advance theory on buyer–supplier negotiations.