bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant responses to soil biota depend on precipitation history, plant diversity, and productivity
Authors: Lundell Seth , Batbaatar Amgaa , Carlyle Cameron N. , Lamb Eric G. , Otfinowski Rafael , Schellenberg Michael P. , Bennett Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil biota are critical drivers of plant growth, population dynamics, and community structure and thus have wide‐ranging effects on ecosystem function. Interactions between plants and soil biota are complex, however, and can depend on the diversity and productivity of the plant community and environmental conditions. Plant–soil biota interactions may be especially important during stressful periods, such as drought, when plants can gain great benefits from beneficial biota but may be susceptible to antagonists. How soil biota respond to drought is also important and can influence plant growth following drought and leave legacies that affect future plant responses to soil biota and further drought. To explore how drought legacies and plant community context influence plant growth responses to soil biota and further drought, we collected soils from 12 grasslands varying in plant diversity and productivity where precipitation was experimentally reduced. We used these soils as inoculum in a growth chamber experiment testing how precipitation history (ambient or reduced) and soil biota (live or sterile soil inoculum) mediate plant growth and drought responses within an experimental plant community. We also tested whether these responses differed with the diversity and productivity of the community where the soil was collected. Plant growth responses to soil biota were positive when inoculated with soils from less diverse and productive plant communities and became negative as the diversity and productivity of the conditioning community increased. At low diversity, however, positive soil biota effects on plant growth were eliminated if precipitation had been reduced in the field, suggesting that diversity loss may heighten climate change sensitivity. Differences among species within the experimental community in their responses to soil biota and drought suggest that species benefitting from less drought sensitive soil biota may be able to compensate for some of this loss of productivity. Regardless of the plant species and soil origin, further drought eliminated any effects of soil biota on plant growth. Consequently, soil biota may be unable to buffer the effects of drought on primary productivity or other ecosystem functions as extreme events increase in frequency.
Bayesian quantile forecasting via the realized hysteretic GARCH model
Authors: Chen Cathy W. S. , Lin Edward M. H. , Huang Tara F. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research introduces a new model, a realized hysteretic GARCH, that is similar to a three‐regime nonlinear framework combined with daily returns and realized volatility. The setup allows the mean and volatility switching in a regime to be delayed when the hysteresis variable lies in a hysteresis zone. This nonlinear model presents explosive persistence and high volatility in Regime 1 in order to capture extreme cases. We employ the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure to estimate model parameters and to forecast volatility, value at risk (VaR), and expected shortfall (ES). A simulation study highlights the properties of the proposed MCMC methods, as well as their accuracy and satisfactory performance as quantile forecasting tools. We also consider two competing models, the realized GARCH and the realized threshold GARCH, for comparison and carry out Bayesian risk forecasting via predictive distributions on four stock markets. The out‐of‐sample period covers the recent 4 years by a rolling window approach and includes the COVID‐19 pandemic period. Among the realized models, the realized hysteretic GARCH model outperforms at the 1% level in terms of violation rates and backtests.
Reduced kidney function is associated with poorer domain‐specific cognitive performance in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Dyer Adam H. , Laird Eamon , Hoey Leane , Hughes Catherine F. , McNulty Helene , Ward Mary , Strain J. J. , O’Kane Maurice , Tracey Fergal , Molloy Anne M. , Cunningham Conal , Sexton Donal J. , McCarroll Kevin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhilst chronic kidney disease has been associated with cognitive impairment, the association between reduced estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and domain‐specific cognitive performance is less clear and may represent an important target for the promotion of optimal brain health in older adults.MethodsParticipants aged >60 years from the Trinity‐Ulster‐Department of Agriculture study underwent detailed cognitive assessment using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE)), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Poisson and linear regression models assessed the relationship between eGFR strata and cognitive performance.ResultsIn 4887 older adults (73.9 ± 8.3 years; 67.7% female), declining eGFR strata was associated with greater likelihood of error on the MMSE/FAB and poorer overall performance on the RBANS. Following robust covariate adjustment, findings were greatest for GFR <45 ml/ml/1.73 m2 (Incidence Rate Ratio: 1.17; 95% CI 1.08, 1.27; p < 0.001 for MMSE; IRR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.04, 1.13; p < 0.001 for FAB; β: −3.66; 95% CI −5.64, −1.86; p < 0.001 for RBANS). Additionally, eGFR <45 ml/ml/1.73 m2 was associated with poorer performance on all five RBANS domains, with greatest effect sizes for immediate memory, delayed memory and attention. Associations were strongest in those aged 60–70, with no associations observed in those >80 years.ConclusionsReduced kidney function was associated with poorer global and domain‐specific neuropsychological performance. Associations were strongest with eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and in those aged 60–70 years, suggesting that this population may potentially benefit from potential multi‐domain interventions aimed at promoting optimal brain health in older adults.
Response of runoff components to climate change in the source‐region of the Yellow River on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Dongfeng , Lu Xixi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change will likely increase the total streamflow in most headwaters on the Tibetan Plateau in the next decades, yet the response of runoff components to climate change and permafrost thaw remain largely uncertain. Here, we investigate the changes in runoff components under a changing climate, based on a high‐resolution cryosphere‐hydrology model (Spatial Processes in Hydrology model, SPHY) and multi‐decadal streamflow observations at the upstream (Jimai) and downstream stations (Maqu and Tangnaihai) in the source‐region of the Yellow River (SYR). We find that rainfall flow dominates the runoff regime in SYR (contributions of 48%–56%), followed by snowmelt flow (contributions of 26%/23% at Maqu/Tangnaihai). Baseflow is more important at Jimai (32%) than at the the downstream stations (21%–23%). Glacier meltwater from the Anyê Maqên and Bayankala Mountains contributes negligibly to the downstream total runoff. With increasing temperature and precipitation, the increase in total runoff is smaller in the warm and wet downstream stations than in the cold and dry upstream station. This is because of a higher increase in evapotranspiration and a larger reduction in snowmelt flow in the downstream region in response to a warming climate. With temperature increase, there is less increase in rainfall flow in the downstream region due to increased water loss through evapotranspiration. Meanwhile, the decline in snowmelt flow is larger further downstream, which can negatively impact the spring irrigation for the whole Yellow River basin that supports the livelihoods of 140 million people. Importantly, we find that baseflow plays an increasingly important role in the permafrost‐dominated upstream region with atmospheric warming and permafrost thaw, accompanied by decreased surface flow. These findings improve our current understanding of how different hydrological processes respond to climate change and provide insights for optimizing hydropower and irrigation systems in the entire Yellow River basin under a rapidly changing climate.
The role of temperament and parenting on anxiety problems among toddlers: Moderating role of parenting and mediating role of attachment
Authors: Bahtiyar‐Saygan Bahar , Berument Sibel Kazak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnxiety problems are seen as early as 1–2 years of age. Among others, parenting and child temperament are considered as the most important factors affecting anxiety in early childhood. In the current study, the unique roles of parenting (maternal overprotectiveness and warmth) and temperament (behavioral inhibition and negative emotionality), parenting‐temperament interactions, and mediating role of ambivalent attachment between behavioral inhibition and anxiety were investigated. One‐hundred mother–child (18–36‐month‐old) dyads participated in this study. Children's anxiety and temperament were measured through mother‐reported scales, attachment was measured by observation via home visits, and parenting dimensions were measured via both mother‐reported scales and observation. The results revealed that behavioral inhibition and overprotectiveness were positively associated with toddlers’ anxiety, whereas there were no significant direct associations of negative emotionality and warmth with anxiety. However, the interaction between behavioral inhibition and warmth predicted toddler's anxiety; that is, if behaviorally inhibited children had mothers who were low on warmth, those children were more likely to exhibit anxiety symptoms compared to children with low behavioral inhibition, whereas anxiety levels did not change for children of warm mothers. Ambivalent attachment mediated the relationship between behavioral inhibition and anxiety. The nature of parent‐child interactions is discussed based on toddlerhood anxiety.
Oxidative brain and cerebellum injury induced byd‐galactosamine: Protective effect ofS‐methyl methionine sulfonium chloride
Authors: Mahmarzayeva Dastagul , Bayrak Bertan Boran , Turkyilmaz Ismet Burcu , Sacan Ozlem , Yanardag Refiye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the protective effects ofS‐methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) against galactosamine (GalN)‐induced brain and cerebellum injury in rats. A total of 22 female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group I (n = 5), intact animals; Group II (n = 6), animals received 50 mg/kg/day of MMSC by gavage technique for 3 consecutive days; Group III (n = 5), animals injected with a single dose of 500 mg/kg of GalN intraperitoneally (ip); and Group IV (n = 6), animals injected with the same dose of GalN 1 h after MMSC treatment. After 6 h of the last GalN treatment (at the end of the experiments), all animals were killed under anesthesia, brain and cerebellum tissues were dissected out. Reduced glutathione, total antioxidant status levels, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione‐related enzymes), aryl esterase, and carbonic anhydrase activities remarkably declined whereas advanced oxidized protein products, reactive oxygen species, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels, and myeloperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase activities were significantly elevated in the GalN group compared with intact rats. In contrast, the administration of MMSC to GalN groups reversed these alterations. In conclusion, we may suggest that MMSC has protective effects against GalN‐induced brain and cerebellar toxicity in rats.
Resveratrol mitigates diclofenac‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats via modulation of miR‐144/Nrf2/GSH axis
Authors: Elbaz Eman M. , Ahmed Kawkab A. , Abdelmonem Maha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the extensive therapeutic uses of diclofenac, it may cause several adverse effects, including hepatorenal injury. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, make the agent effective in ameliorating a variety of drug‐induced injuries. This study investigated the potential beneficial effects of resveratrol on diclofenac‐induced hepatorenal toxicity and explored the role of miR‐144 and its relationship to oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by diclofenac. Rats were divided into four groups: control; diclofenac group received diclofenac (10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [ip]) for 7 days; prevention group received resveratrol concomitantly with diclofenac for 7 days; and the treatment group received diclofenac for 7 days followed by resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day, per oral) for another 7 days. Diclofenac administration induced a significant increase in serum hepatorenal biomarkers and histopathological aberrations. In addition, diclofenac upregulated miR‐144 while reducing nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels and glutathione (GSH) content. Moreover, diclofenac induced tissue inflammation and apoptosis as evidenced by increased protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and caspase‐3. Intriguingly, resveratrol prevention or treatment significantly mitigated the toxic effects of diclofenac as manifested by normalization of the hepatorenal functions and amelioration of the histopathological changes. Resveratrol also triggered miR‐144 downregulation with Nrf2 upregulation. Consequently, resveratrol showed hepatorenal antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities as manifested by improvement in the antioxidant markers along with a decline in NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and caspase‐3 expressions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a potential therapeutic role of resveratrol in mitigating diclofenac‐induced hepatorenal insult, possibly via modulating miR‐144/Nrf2/GSH axis.
Favorable effect of rivaroxaban against vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Li Qing , Yang Xin‐Tong , Wei Wei , Hu Xiang‐Peng , Li Xiao‐Xue , Xu Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in various complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rivaroxaban (Xarelto; Bayer), an oral direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, prevents the activation of the coagulation cascade in CVD. Considering its anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory effects, we assessed the hypothesis that rivaroxaban treatment may attenuate the vascular lesion and dysfunction in T2DM mice. C57BL/6, BKS‐db/db, BKS‐db/+, wild‐type (WT), and NLRP3−/− mice were fed with standard chow or high‐fat diet (HFD). Biochemical indexes, vascular lesions, and protein expression were evaluated using Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and RNA interference. Rivaroxaban presented favorable protection of vascular dysfunction in T2DM mice with significantly relieved vascular tension, intima‐media thickness, and collagen deposition. Similar improvements in NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) knockout groups and rivaroxaban pointed to the positive role of rivaroxaban against vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice by ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, the augmentation of inflammation and cell dysfunction in mice aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) and smooth muscle cells (MOVASs) induced by soluble FXa may be blocked by rivaroxaban via protease‐activated receptors (PAR‐1, PAR‐2), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor κ‐B (NF‐κB) pathway. The data indicate that the development of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in T2DM mice may be blocked by rivaroxaban in vivo and in vitro. Rivaroxaban treatment may also attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome activation via PARs, MAPK, and NF‐κB pathway. This study provides mechanistic evidence of rivaroxaban therapies for vascular complications of T2DM.
A pilot study on dasatinib in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia progressing on ibrutinib
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Sarosiek Shayna , Flynn Catherine A. , Leventoff Carly , Little Megan , White Timothy , Meid Kirsten , Treon Steven P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) regulates BTK activation and represents a potential therapeutic target in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). We investigated dasatinib, a potent HCK inhibitor, in patients with WM progressing on ibrutinib. Study treatment consisted of dasatinib administered at 100 mg by mouth once daily in four‐week cycles for up to 24 cycles. This study was registered under ClinicalTrials.Gov ID NCT04115059. Three participants were enrolled and received at least one cycle of dasatinib. The best response was stable disease. Two patients received 5 months and one patient received 1 month of therapy. The dose of dasatinib was decreased in one participant due to volume overload. Based on the lack of responses observed, the study was terminated. Dasatinib might not be effective in patients with WM progressing on ibrutinib.
Low and high storage temperature inhibited the coloration of mandarin fruit (Citrus unshiu Marc.) with different mechanism
Authors: Ge Xiaoxiao , Cao Tingting , Yi Lanhua , Yao Shixiang , Zeng Kaifang , Deng Lili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeel color regulated by pigment metabolism is one of the most crucial indicators affecting the commodity values of citrus fruit. Storage temperature is a vital environmental factor that regulates the fruit pigmentation.RESULTSResults showed that the peel coloring process was significantly inhibited when mandarin fruit were stored at 5 and 32 °C with normal coloring at 25 °C as the control. However, the inhibitive mechanisms of 5 and 32 °C storage were different. At 5 °C, higher levels of CcNYC and CcCHL2 were detected, which indicated that 5 °C induces the circulation of chlorophyll rather than inhibits chlorophyll degradation. CcPSY2, CcCHYB, and CcZEP exhibited higher expression levels in fruit stored at 5 °C, which accelerated the accumulation of carotenoids. In fruit stored at 32 °C, CcNYC, CcPAO, and CcCHL2 exhibited lower expression levels than those fruit stored at 5 °C, and the expressions of CcPSY2, CcCHYB, and CcZEP were down regulated, implying the carotenoid synthesis was suppressed.CONCLUSIONStorage at 5 °C inhibited the postharvest coloring of mandarin fruit mainly by activating the cycle of chlorophyll, although it promotes the accumulation of carotenoids at the same time, but chlorophyll covers the color of carotenoids. Storage at 32 °C inhibited mandarin fruit coloring mainly by inhibiting the degradation of chlorophyll. Compared with the change of individual chlorophyll or carotenoid content, the change of the ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoid had a more important role in the coloration of mandarin fruit. This research offers valuable details for understanding the effect of temperature on the coloring process of postharvest citrus fruit. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A probabilistic Bayesian approach to recover R2*$$ {R}_{2\ast } $$ map and phase images for quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Huang Shuai , Lah James J. , Allen Jason W. , Qiu Deqiang 
Published: June 2022

PurposeUndersampling is used to reduce the scan time for high‐resolution three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. In order to achieve better image quality and avoid manual parameter tuning, we propose a probabilistic Bayesian approach to recover map and phase images for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), while allowing automatic parameter estimation from undersampled data.TheorySparse prior on the wavelet coefficients of images is interpreted from a Bayesian perspective as sparsity‐promoting distribution. A novel nonlinear approximate message passing (AMP) framework that incorporates a mono‐exponential decay model is proposed. The parameters are treated as unknown variables and jointly estimated with image wavelet coefficients.MethodsUndersampling takes place in the y‐z plane of k‐space according to the Poisson‐disk pattern. Retrospective undersampling is performed to evaluate the performances of different reconstruction approaches, prospective undersampling is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of undersampling in practice.ResultsThe proposed AMP with parameter estimation (AMP‐PE) approach successfully recovers maps and phase images for QSM across various undersampling rates. It is more computationally efficient, and performs better than the state‐of‐the‐art ‐norm regularization (L1) approach in general, except a few cases where the L1 approach performs as well as AMP‐PE.ConclusionAMP‐PE achieves better performance by drawing information from both the sparse prior and the mono‐exponential decay model. It does not require parameter tuning, and works with a clinical, prospective undersampling scheme where parameter tuning is often impossible or difficult due to the lack of ground‐truth image.
Retrospective study on the safety of COVID‐19 vaccination in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Urra Pincheira Alejandra , Alnajjar Sara , Katzberg Hans , Barnett Carolina , Daniyal Lubna , Rohan Ritesh , Bril Vera 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimGiven the lack of information on safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, we aimed to review our experience after surveying patients, as part of routine clinical practice, to ensure that advice on safety is accurate.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of MG patients from the Prosserman Family Neuromuscular Clinic at the Toronto General Hospital who received two injections of any COVID‐19 vaccine from February to August 2021. Demographic data were abstracted from the patient medical records. We assessed changes in the severity of MG using the virtual Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (vMGII), the simple single question (SSQ), and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). We also assessed adverse effects after vaccination.ResultsWe included 200 patients with a mean age of 64.3 ± 13.9 y, 51.5% were men, and 82% had generalized MG. The vMGII, SSQ, and PASS scores remained stable after each vaccine dose, and at last follow‐up. Of the patients, 60% reported an adverse reaction after the first injection, and 56% after the second. The most common adverse reactions reported were local pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, and fever.DiscussionCOVID‐19 vaccinations were well tolerated in MG patients and were not associated with worsening severity of their MG. The prevalence of vaccine‐related adverse reactions was the same as in the general population.