bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General wellbeing and work impacts among community pharmacists during crisis management
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Liu Chaojie , Karimi Leila , Ferrier J. Adamm , Liang Zhanming , Leggat Sandra 
Published: October 2022

Background Community pharmacists are highly accessible for advice, as most pharmacies are open long hours and no appointment is needed. Community pharmacists, as essential community health workers, play a critical role in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to determine the general wellbeing and work impacts of pharmacists and the factors important for adaptability and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Community pharmacists from various professional networks in Australia were invited through emails and social media posts to complete an anonymous online survey during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Results Sixty-five community pharmacists completed the online survey. The respondents reported fair levels of general wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a mean self-related health score of 33.57 (s.d. = 13.19) out of a maximal of 96, despite relatively high levels of job stress and emotional labour. Lower levels of general wellbeing were correlated with higher levels of job stress (r = 0.645, P < 0.01) and emotional labour (r = 0.513, P < 0.01), and lower levels of occupational self-efficacy (r = −0.566, P < 0.01). Leader member exchange was negatively correlated with job stress (r = −0.419, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with psychological safety (r = 0.693, P < 0.01). The linear regression models showed that female pharmacists had lower occupational self-efficacy (β = −0.286, P = 0.024), but higher psychological safety (β = 0.234, P = 0.042). Higher work ability was associated with lower job stress (β = −0.529, P < 0.001), higher occupational self-efficacy (β = 0.511, P = 0.001), and poorer self-related health (β = −0.659, P < 0.001). Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of a supportive work environment in helping community pharmacists to feel psychologically safe and reduce stress during a crisis.
Is meaning construction attempted during the processing of pseudo-compounds?
Authors: Cruz Karen Pérez , Patel Chelsa , Steinbach Jazlynn , Barre Mohamed , Kibbins Holly , Wong Dixie , Taikh Alexander , Gagné Christina L. , Spalding Thomas L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Psycholinguists have yet to reach a consensus on what role constituent morphemes play in the processing of
compound words, although some recent work suggests that morphemes are activated obligatorily during processing. In the current
study, we investigate whether people use morphemes to attempt meaning construction even for pseudo-compounds which are words that
appear to have a compound structure, but in fact do not (e.g., carpet is not car + pet). We
obtained relational entropies (a measure of potential relational competition) for a set of pseudo-compound words based on
responses from a possible relations task. The relational entropy values as well as frequency of the prime (e.g.,
carpet) and target (e.g., car) were then used to predict the processing of the pseudo-first
constituents after exposure to the pseudo-compound masked primes. We observed a significant three-way interaction between entropy,
target frequency, and prime frequency. Our results suggest that meaning construction is attempted for pseudo-compound words.
The role of referent cohesiveness in variable subject expression in L2 Spanish
Authors: Linford Bret , Geeslin Kimberly 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study examines the development of variable subject expression in Spanish across multiple proficiency levels of second-language learners. We employ a cross-sectional design and a written contextualized task in order to explore the differences in rates of subject forms as well as the degree to which factors related to referent cohesiveness constrain the acquisition of subject expression. We include a group of native speakers from the same community of practice for comparison. Our results suggest that, although learners appear to acquire native-like rates of subject forms, this process takes several years. Additionally, the rates of selection of forms were similar for the native speakers and the most advanced non-native speakers, but there remained important differences between these groups across the categories of the referent cohesiveness variable. Finally, we show that the various factors used to operationalize referent cohesiveness do not influence subject expression uniformly.
10 ASSISTED DECISION-MAKING, THE OLDER ADULT, AND LOCUS OF CONTROL
Authors: Dowling T , Kennedy S , Foran S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The Assisted Decision-making (Capacity) Act (ADMCA) (2015) will be fully commenced later in 2022. At its core, the legislation seeks to encourage the older adult to express their will and preferences regarding their healthcare decisions. The legislation removes healthcare decision-making powers from family members and healthcare professionals unless expressly nominated by the patient to make decisions on their behalf. However, a lack of clarity and professional uncertainty pervades this area in Ireland that is mirrored in the global research.

Methods
This qualitative study comprised 5 focus groups of hospital discharge coordinators in the South East of Ireland. It sought to examine the issues that exist for the older patient when they return home following a hospital stay. It also examined who really has responsibility for healthcare decision-making and who is responsible for providing the care? Thematic analysis was used to analyse the findings.

Results
The findings revealed a significant incongruence of beliefs among patients, family members and healthcare professionals when it comes to locus of control.

Conclusion
This study’s findings on locus of control – both in terms of where the discharge coordinators believe the locus is, and where they believe the families think it is - are the first of their kind in Irish Healthcare and are therefore highly significant in several respects. The substantive areas of disagreement in beliefs among the groups, represent real barriers to supporting ADMCA going forward.
12 VACCINATION UP-TAKE IN DERMATOLOGY PATIENTS OVER THE AGE OF 65 YEARS ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Egan A , Farrell A , Byrne B , Lynch M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Biologic and immunosuppressive therapies play important roles in the management of a wide variety of dermatologic diseases. However, immunotherapies can negatively affect normal immune functioning, placing these patients at high risk of infection. The strength of the immune system also declines with increasing age. Thus, in accordance with the British Association of Dermatology guidelines (August 2021), patients taking biologic therapy can and should have their covid, influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective audit of all patients over the age of 65 years on biological therapy in the dermatology clinic between March 2021 to March 2022. Data on patients covid, influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status was obtained from Dermatology database and patients medical records.

Results
A total of 18 patients over the age of 65 years, were on biological therapy in the Dermatology Department, between March 2021 to March 2022. The mean age was found to be 71 years with a standard deviation of 5.2 and there was equal gender distribution. 94% (n=17) of patients had psoriasis and 6% (n=1) had eczema. With regards to biological treatments, 17% (n=3) of patients were on Adalimumab,11% (n=2) on Etanercept and 28% (n=5) on Cosntyx. 100% (n=18) had all three of their covid-19 vaccines. 50% (n=8) are awaiting their 4th covid vaccination. 94% (n=17) of patients had their influenza vaccine. 66% (n=12) had their pneumococcal vaccination, the patients who had not had their pneumococcal vaccination were recommended and advised to have it.

Conclusion
This audit confirms dermatology patients over the age of sixty-five years, are compliant on receiving their covid vaccinations, as recommended by the BAD. However, only 66% of patients had their pneumococcal vaccination and 94% had their influenza vaccine, illustrating the need for educational intervention on the importance of vaccination. This will then be followed by a reaudit next year to complete the audit cycle.
15 FRAILTY AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN HIP FRACTURE PATIENTS
Authors: Small C , Sullivan R , O'Hanlon S , Cooney M T , Doyle R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Frailty is highly prevalent in older hip fracture patients, conferring greater risk of poorer outcomes including increased Length of Stay (LOS), Nursing Home (NH) placement and mortality

Methods
This prospective observational study took place in a large university hospital with a daily trauma list and an established orthogeriatric service. We compared 3 different screening tools; Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Zuckerman’s Functional Recovery Score (FRS) and New Mobility Score (NMS) and their ability to predict outcomes in hip fracture patients. Participants included all hip fracture patients (&gt;/= 60 years old) admitted to the orthopaedic ward from 2016-2018. Scores were assigned by an ortho-geriatrician and were analysed at admission and at 1 year.

Results
Increasing frailty scores were associated with increased mortality, LOS and NH admission rates. Those with a CFS of 4-6 had an increased risk of mortality compared to those with a CFS of 1-3 (OR:3.81, CI 2.15-6.76). Those with a CFS of 7-9 demonstrated increased risk of mortality compared to those without frailty (OR: 8.75, CI 4.58-16.72). Patients with mild-moderate frailty (CFS 4-6) were 5 times more likely to require NH at 1-year (OR 5.09, CI 3.03-8.56) and those with severe frailty (CFS 7-9) were 7 times more likely to be in a NH at 1-year (OR 7.03, CI 3.82-12.94). The moderate frailty group had an inpatient stay 16 days longer than the non-frail group and the severe frailty group, 26 days longer than the non-frail group. Results were similar for FRS and NMS and when adjusted for age. Comparing the discrimination of the different measures for predicting survival, analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed - 0.73 (CFS), 0.72 (NMS) 0.74 (FRS). Interestingly, the mortality rate for men was 32% compared to 21% for females (OR: 1.75 p=0.005).

Conclusion
Assessing frailty with a standardised protocol could reliably estimate the risk of adverse outcomes in hip fracture patients.
16 SARS-COV-2 INFECTION AND VACCINATION PATTERNS DETERMINE LONG-TERM ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS: DATA FROM NH-COVAIR
Authors: Dyer A , Noonan C , Reddy C , Garcia L , Batten I , McElheron M , Roche N , Connolly E , Boran G , White M , Pelleau S , Leonard A , O'Neill D , Fallon A , O'Farrelly C , Bourke N , Kennelly S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Older Nursing Home Residents (NHRs) are at greatest risk of morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2, particularly in the context of both waning vaccine efficacy and the emergence of Variants-of-Concern (VOCs). However, the determinants of long-term vaccine-induced protective antibody responses are yet to be determined in this group.

Methods
NH-COVAIR recruited older NHRs for comprehensive clinical and frailty (NH-FRAIL) assessment. Blood samples were obtained pre-vaccination, at 6-weeks and 6-months following primary vaccination and 6-months following booster vaccination. Antibody titres were measured using both an electrochemiluminescence assay and a custom bead-based array (Luminex™) to measure antibody titre and avidity for Wuhan strain/major VOC antigens. Stepwise adjusted linear regression (log-transformed) assessed longitudinal determinants of vaccine-induced antibody responses.

Results
Of 86 participants (81.1 ± 10.8 years; 65% female), just under half (45.4%) had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. All NHRs mounted a significant antibody-response to vaccination at 5 weeks followed by a significant decrease in antibody titre by 6 months. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was the strongest predictor of antibody waning at all timepoints (β: 3.59; 2.89, 4.28; P &lt; 0.001 for 6-months). Independent of infection history, both age (β: –0.05; –0.08, –0.02; p&lt;0.001) and frailty (β: –0.22; –0.33, –0.11; p&lt;0.001) were associated with faster antibody waning at 6-months. Cross-reactivity and avidity were significantly lower for Beta (B.1.351) and Gamma (P.1) VOC strains (all p&lt;0.001). Additionally, there was faster antibody waning and significantly reduced antibody avidity to Beta and Gamma VOCs in SARS-CoV-2 naïve NHRs.

Conclusion
Older NHRs are capable of mounting protective antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Responses were more durable, with a greater cross-reactivity to and avidity for VOCs in those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increasing age and greater frailty in NHRs was associated with faster antibody waning. Our findings support ongoing serological surveillance and use of additional vaccine doses in older NHRs, particularly in those without previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
17 CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOBILITY, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE AND FALLS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: DATA FROM TUDA
Authors: Dyer A , Dolphin H , Laird E , Hoey L , McNulty H , Hughes C , Ward M , Strain JJ , O'Kane M , Tracey F , Molloy A , Cunningham C , McCarroll K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Impaired mobility is associated with incident cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the complex bi-directional temporal relationships between subtle impairments in neuropsychological performance, mobility trajectories and falls is poorly understood.

Methods
Using data from the Trinity, Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA/TUDA5+) study, we evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between impaired mobility, neuropsychological performance and falls using regression models adjusted for important clinical confounders. Older adults with potential cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score &lt;25) were excluded. Detailed neuropsychological assessment was performed using the RBANS (Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Assessment) and FAB (Frontal Assessment Battery). Impaired mobility was assessed using Irish population-specific age/sex/height-specific Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) cut-offs.

Results
Of 4,103 participants (72.9 ± 7.9 years; 67.4% female), just under one-fifth (17.5%) met criteria for impaired mobility. Older adults with impaired mobility had significantly greater likelihood of impaired neuropsychological performance, in particular for language (OR 1.77; 1.35-2.31; p&lt;0.001) and attention (OR 1.69; 1.37-2.08; p&lt;0.001) domains. In 953 participants followed for a median 5.2 (IQR: 4.83-7.26) years, impaired mobility at baseline significantly predicted incident impairment in immediate memory (OR 2.56; 1.33-4.95; p&lt;0.001). Stronger relationships were seen for impaired neuropsychological performance predicting mobility decline rather than impaired mobility predicting cognitive decline (all p&lt;0.001). Both impaired mobility and neuropsychological performance were associated with incident falls, particularly for impairments in executive function and attention (all p&lt;0.001). Impaired mobility in isolation had poor performance as a sole test to predict incident cognitive impairment (AUC: 0.55-0.65).

Conclusion
In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, impaired mobility is associated with subtle impairments in neuropsychological performance. Whilst impaired neuropsychological performance was a greater predictor of impaired mobility rather than vice versa, our findings highlight the complex relationship between mobility and cognitive trajectories in older adults, emphasising the need for comprehensive cognitive and falls assessment in those presenting with new-onset subtle impairments in mobility and cognition.
21 ASSESSING SARCOPENIA, FRAILTY AND MALNUTRITION IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING DEPENDANT OLDER ADULTS – A HOME-BASED STUDY WITH AN UNDERREPRESENTED GROUP IN RESEARCH
Authors: Swan L , Martin N , Warters A , O'Sullivan M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia, frailty, and malnutrition are known determinants of adverse health outcomes. Adults of advanced age, with functional dependency, socioeconomic disadvantage, or a need for home care, are expected to be at high risk of these conditions yet are likely to be underrepresented in research. We aimed to examine the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of conducting home-based assessments in this group.

Methods
Home-based health assessments were conducted among older adults (n= 31), in receipt of state-funded home care. Assessments included probable sarcopenia [hand-grip strength (HGS), chair rise-test and SARC-F case-finding tool] in line with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) guidelines, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).

Results
The study group was of mean age 83.2 ± 8.2 years, 74% female, 23% lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, had comorbidities (n=30, 97%) and low physical activity (71%). We found that almost all met the criteria for probable sarcopenia (94%, 29/31), most were frail or vulnerable by CFA (97%, 30/31), and over a quarter were at risk of malnutrition (26%, n=8). In all participants, it was feasible to assess sarcopenia (by HGS and SARC-F, but not chair rise test), malnutrition (MNA), and frailty (CFS). Notably, in-home assessments required additional time, the adaptation of assessment tools, responsibility to address issues arising, including signposting to health services (36%, n=11), and navigating complex psychosocial environments; the latter was commonly observed in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage.

Conclusion
Assessing sarcopenia, frailty, and malnutrition in community-dwelling dependant older adults in-home was feasible, once potential challenges were considered. Moreover, our findings suggest that most participants were at risk of both sarcopenia and frailty, and over a quarter were at risk of malnutrition. This highlights a need for further research and proactive evidence-based multi-modal community interventions to support ageing in place.
22 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF UNDERGRADUATE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY STUDENTS TOWARDS OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Gavin L , O'Callaghan L-J , Usher R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Given the increasing prevalence of dementia within Ireland, there is a need to prepare future occupational therapists to work with older adults with dementia. This study aims to explore the knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate occupational therapy students in Ireland towards older people with dementia and related factors such as year of study, personal and placement dementia experiences, and future career choice.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey, incorporating the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale and the Dementia Attitudes Scale, was used to gather data, which was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
In total, 75 survey responses were analysed. Results indicate that while dementia knowledge increases as occupational therapy students progress through their undergraduate degree, their dementia attitudes were not positively impacted. Placement experience with older adults with dementia did not affect either dementia knowledge or attitudes, while personal experiences had a significant positive influence on students' attitudes towards older adults with dementia. Among study respondents, the likelihood of selecting a future career with older adults with dementia was positively correlated with more positive dementia attitudes but remained unaffected by levels of dementia knowledge.

Conclusion
Older adults with dementia are a growing population in Ireland, resulting in a need to adequately prepare occupational therapy students to effectively fill positions in this expanding area of healthcare, by ensuring they have high levels of dementia knowledge and positive attitudes towards clients with dementia. This study found that while dementia knowledge increases with progression in an undergraduate occupational therapy degree, there is not a corresponding improvement in attitudes, an area that requires urgent attention. The results of this study indicate a need to further examine and develop Irish undergraduate occupational therapy programmes and incorporate additional dementia-focused learning opportunities, such as volunteering or service-based learning.
23 CO-DESIGNING A PRIMARY-CARE INTERVENTION TO REVERSE FRAILTY AND BUILD RESILIENCE THROUGH PUBLIC AND PATIENT INVOLVEMENT WITH OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Travers J , Romero-Ortuno R , Cooney M-T , Shé É Ní 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
An essential consideration in health research is to conduct research with members of the public rather than for them. Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) of older people in research can improve enrolment, relevance and impact. However, few studies with PPI in frailty research have been identified. PPI has fallen during the Covid-19 pandemic. We aimed to involve older people in co-designing a Randomised-Control Trial (RCT) intervention to reverse frailty and build resilience. We also wished to encourage wider use of PPI with older people by outlining our approach.

Methods
Involvement of older people was undertaken in three stages. Eighteen over 65-year-olds helped co-design an exercise intervention in two group discussions using the Socratic education method. Ninety-four contributed intervention feedback in one-on-one telephone interviews over nine months. Ten contributors helped optimise the intervention in three online workshops. Multidisciplinary team input and systematic review supported co-design.

Results
Eleven home-based resistance exercises were co-designed by group discussion contributors (mean age 75, 61% female). Frailty intervention format, gender balance and GP follow-up were shaped in telephone interviews (mean age 77, 63% female). Dietary guidance and patient communication were co-designed in workshops (mean age 71, 60% female). Technology proved no barrier to PPI. The co-designed frailty intervention is being evaluated in a definitive RCT.

Conclusion
We enabled meaningful involvement of 112 older people in co-design of an intervention to reverse frailty and build resilience in diverse ways. Inclusive involvement can be achieved during a pandemic. Feedback enhanced intervention feasibility for real-world primary-care.