bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranioplasty for Skull Defects With Polypropylene Abdominal Wall Mesh
Authors: Abuzayed Bashar , Rawagah Feras , Alrashdan Mohammad , Al-Abadi Husesein , Jamous Osama , Said Anas 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
Cranioplasty is a well-established common surgery in the practice of neurosurgery and craniofacial surgery. In young patients, complete skull defect closure by bone splitting may be troublesome due to the difficulty to obtain enough bone area. In such cases, sometimes the authors need to use allografts, which may not be widely available in rural practice. In this study, the authors present the series of cranioplasty with polypropylene mesh, which is widely used in abdominal wall closure.

Patients and Methods:
Nine patients with depressed compound skull fracture were treated by performing this technique. Selection criteria were: compound depressed skull fractures in which bones were fragmented in a way not able to be reconstructed with and leaving a skull defect, small-sized or relatively medium-sized skull defects, and skull defects not located on the sharp curvatures of the skull which needs firm bended meshes. All patients were male and their ages ranged between 8 months and 36 years.
The skull bone defect was reconstructed with polypropylene abdominal wall mesh, which was sutured circumferentially with the galeal tissue.

Results:
Skull defects were successfully treated in all patients. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 13 months. One patient with a history of alcoholism and neglectance developed a wound infection after 3 weeks of surgery. This patient was treated successfully with intravenous antibiotics without the need to remove the mesh. There were no complications in the remaining 8 patients.

Conclusions:
Polypropylene mesh is a cheap and effective material for the reconstruction of small-sized or medium-sized skull defects. It can be a good alternative in rural practice and/or low economic communities, when other cranioplasty materials are not available.
TIGIT-Fc Prolongs Corneal Allograft Survival in Mice by Upregulating TIGIT/CD226 Expression and the Proportion of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg Cells
Authors: Li Shang , Zhang Peng , Li Ao , Bao Jiayu , Pan Zhiqiang , Jie Ying 
Published: July 2022

Background.
Reduction of graft rejection remains key issue for supporting long-term graft retention after corneal transplantation. The relevance of Treg in reduction of corneal allografts rejection has been demonstrated. It has been recently reported that in addition to Foxp3, Helios is also considered to be a marker of activated Treg. Helios+Foxp3+ Treg are considered to be the true immunosuppressive Treg. TIGIT is an immunosuppressive costimulatory molecule that was found to be highly expressed on the surface of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg.

Methods.
In this study, we aimed to explore whether supplementing TIGIT would result in an expansion and activation of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg thus to mediate an immune tolerance following corneal transplantation by administering topically and systemically TIGIT-Fc treatment in murine models.

Results.
TIGIT-Fc treatment significantly improved the survival of corneal allograft compared with the control group. TIGIT-Fc treatment increased TIGIT/CD226 expression, the proportion of Helios+Foxp3+ Treg cells and an enhanced ex vivo suppressive effect from peripheral lymph nodes isolated Treg cells. Furthermore, the expression of Helios in corneal grafts was upregulated, whereas expression of CD226 and production of aqueous interferon-γ and VEGF were reduced by TIGIT-Fc treatment.

Conclusions.
TIGIT-Fc treatment could specifically upregulate Helios+Foxp3+ Treg-mediated immune response after allogeneic corneal transplantation via TIGIT/CD226-CD155 pathway which improves the survival of allografts.
Visual bodily signals as core devices for coordinating minds in interaction
Authors: Holler Judith 
Published: July 2022

The view put forward here is that visual bodily signals play a core role in human communication and the coordination of minds. Critically, this role goes far beyond referential and propositional meaning. The human communication system that we consider to be the explanandum in the evolution of language thus is not spoken language. It is, instead, a deeply multimodal, multilayered, multifunctional system that developed—and survived—owing to the extraordinary flexibility and adaptability that it endows us with. Beyond their undisputed iconic power, visual bodily signals (manual and head gestures, facial expressions, gaze, torso movements) fundamentally contribute to key pragmatic processes in modern human communication. This contribution becomes particularly evident with a focus that includes non-iconic manual signals, non-manual signals and signal combinations. Such a focus also needs to consider meaning encoded not just via iconic mappings, since kinematic modulations and interaction-bound meaning are additional properties equipping the body with striking pragmatic capacities. Some of these capacities, or its precursors, may have already been present in the last common ancestor we share with the great apes and may qualify as early versions of the components constituting the hypothesized interaction engine.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
Every product needs a process: unpacking joint commitment as a process across species
Authors: Bangerter Adrian , Genty Emilie , Heesen Raphaela , Rossano Federico , Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: July 2022

Joint commitment, the feeling of mutual obligation binding participants in a joint action, is typically conceptualized as arising by the expression and acceptance of a promise. This account limits the possibilities of investigating fledgling forms of joint commitment in actors linguistically less well-endowed than adult humans. The feeling of mutual obligation is one aspect of joint commitment (theproduct), which emerges from aprocessof signal exchange. It is gradual rather than binary; feelings of mutual obligation can vary in strength according to how explicit commitments are perceived to be. Joint commitment processes are more complex than simple promising, in at least three ways. They are affected by prior joint actions, which create precedents and conventions that can be embodied in material arrangements of institutions. Joint commitment processes also arise as solutions to generic coordination problems related to opening up, maintaining and closing down joint actions. Finally, during joint actions, additional, specific commitments are made piecemeal. These stack up over time and persist, making it difficult for participants to disengage from joint actions. These complexifications open up new perspectives for assessing joint commitment across species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
Interaction and ostension: the myth of 4th-order intentionality
Authors: Sievers Christine 
Published: July 2022

Research in comparative cognition on allegedly uniquely human capacities considers the identification of these human capacities in other species as one of their main points of inquiry. Capacities are applied in their theoretical descriptions to promising empirical data. The conclusion then often is that even though, on a behavioural level, the human and nonhuman cases appear related, on a cognitive level there is no relation whatsoever because the underlying cognitive states diverge in quality. This result seems dissatisfying for two reasons: (1) there is ample empirical evidence that suggests the presence of the capacities in other species, and (2) the claim that the underlying states diverge often hinges on the reference to the theoretical definitions of these capacities only. This opinion piece focuses on the capacity of ostensive intentional communication to demonstrate that the original theoretical analyses often are not befitting a comparative endeavour and should therefore not be used as pivotal reference within comparative research. An outlook will be provided on more promising approaches to identifying ostensive communication, namely an interactive approach that will allow for ostension to not be perceived as a one-turn signalling behaviour, but as interactive, with the possibility of being established in a trial-and-error manner.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
Coordinating social action: a primer for the cross-species investigation of communicative repair
Authors: Heesen Raphaela , Fröhlich Marlen , Sievers Christine , Woensdregt Marieke , Dingemanse Mark 
Published: July 2022

Human joint action is inherently cooperative, manifested in the collaborative efforts of participants to minimize communicative trouble through interactive repair. Although interactive repair requires sophisticated cognitive abilities, it can be dissected into basic building blocks shared with non-human animal species. A review of the primate literature shows that interactionally contingent signal sequences are at least common among species of non-human great apes, suggesting a gradual evolution of repair. To pioneer a cross-species assessment of repair this paper aims at (i) identifying necessary precursors of human interactive repair; (ii) proposing a coding framework for its comparative study in humans and non-human species; and (iii) using this framework to analyse examples of interactions of humans (adults/children) and non-human great apes. We hope this paper will serve as a primer for cross-species comparisons of communicative breakdowns and how they are repaired.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
Using Real-Time Machine Learning to Prevent In-Hospital Severe Hypoglycemia: A prospective study
Authors: Fralick Michael , Debnath Meggie , Pou-Prom Chloe , O’Brien Patrick , Perkins Bruce A. , Carson Esmerelda , Khemani Fatima , Mamdani Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere are many examples of machine learning based algorithms with impressive diagnostic characteristics. However, a few published studies have evaluated how well they perform when deployed into clinical care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a recently validated machine-learned model to predict inpatient hypoglycemia following its implementation into clinical care on cardiovascular and vascular surgery ward.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of a machine learning algorithm to predict hypoglycemia. The algorithm was trained, validated, and tested using data from 2013 to 2019. We employed multiple supervised machine learning techniques (e.g., extreme gradient boosting) to predict inpatient hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia using a wide-range of patient-level data (i.e., features) including medications, labs, nursing notes, comorbid conditions, among others.ResultsOur study included 3989 hospitalizations during the pre-implementation period and 1916 post-implementation. Approximately one-third of patients were women, the median age was 66 years, 23% received metformin in hospital, 7% received a sulfonylurea, and the median length of stay was 6 days. During the pre-implementation period, more than 5% of patients experienced hypoglycemia during 9.4% (N=12/127 weeks) of study weeks as compared to 0% (N=0/79 weeks) of weeks during the post-implementation period (p=0.012). The weekly variability in the rates of hypoglycemia decreased by approximately 50% from the pre-implementation (standard deviation 1.8, variance 3.4) to implementation phase (standard deviation 1.3, variance 1.6; p=0.03). There was a week-to-week decrease in hypoglycemia rates by 0.03 events per week [95% CI: -0.04, -0.01] (p = 0.004) but no significant change in weekly rates of hyperglycemia (−0.04 [95% CI: -0.10, 0.01]; p=0.102). The severe hypoglycemia events per 100 patients per year was 1.3 pre-implementation and 1.1 following implementation.Discussion and ConclusionOur prospective analysis of a recently validated machine learned model to prevent hypoglycemia demonstrated a reduction in the rates of inpatient hypoglycemia. Our study suggests that machine learning methods can be leveraged to prevent inpatient hypoglycemia.
Genetic variability, including gene duplication and deletion, in early sequences from the 2022 European monkeypox outbreak
Authors: Jones Terry C. , Schneider Julia , Mühlemann Barbara , Veith Talitha , Beheim-Schwarzbach Jörn , Tesch Julia , Schmidt Marie Luisa , Walper Felix , Bleicker Tobias , Isner Caroline , Pfäfflin Frieder , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Corman Victor M. , Drosten Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenome sequences from 47 monkeypox virus infections detected in a German university virology laboratory were analyzed in context of other sequences from the 2022 outbreak and earlier monkeypox genomes. Identical non-synonymous amino acid changes in six genes and the signature of APOBEC editing match other sequences from the European outbreak. Non-synonymous changes that were present in one to three sequences were found in 34 other genes. In sequences from two lesions of one patient, an 856 nucleotide translocation between genome termini resulted in the duplication of an initial 5’ gene, and the disruption or complete deletion of four genes near the 3’ genome end. Orthopoxvirus genome rearrangements of this nature are known to confer fitness advantages in the face of selection pressure. This change may therefore represent an early virus adaptation in the novel widespread and sustained human-to-human context of the current monkeypox outbreak.
Plastid phylogenomics clarifies broad-level relationships inBulbophyllum(Orchidaceae) and provides insights into range evolution of Australasian sectionAdelopetalum
Authors: Simpson Lalita , Clements Mark A. , Orel Harvey K. , Crayn Darren M. , Nargar Katharina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hyper diverse orchid genusBulbophyllumis the second largest genus of flowering plants and exhibits a pantropical distribution with a center of diversity in tropical Asia. The onlyBulbophyllumsection with a center of diversity in Australasia is sect.Adelopetalum. However, phylogenetic placement, interspecific relationships, and spatio-temporal evolution of the section have remained largely unclear. To infer broad-level relationships withinBulbophyllumand interspecific relationships within sect.Adelopetalum, a genome skimming dataset was generated for 89 samples, yielding 70 plastid coding regions and the nuclear ribosomal DNA cistron. For 18 additional samples, Sanger data from two plastid loci (matK,ycf1) and nuclear ITS were added using a supermatrix approach. The study provided new insights into broad-level relationships inBulbophyllum, including phylogenetic evidence for the non-monophyly of sectionsBeccariana, Brachyantha, Brachypus, Cirrhopetaloides, Cirrhopetalum, Desmosanthes, Minutissima, Oxysepala, PolymeresandSestochilos. SectionAdelopetalumand sect.Minutissima s.s. formed a highly supported clade that was resolved in sister group position to the remainder of the genus. Divergence time estimations based on a relaxed molecular clock model placed the origin ofBulbophyllumin the early Oligocene (ca. 33.2 Ma) and of sect.Adelopetalumin the late Oligocene (ca. 23.6 Ma). Ancestral range estimations based on a BAYAREALIKE model identified the Australian continent as ancestral area of sect.Adelopetalum. The section underwent crown diversification during the mid-Miocene to the late Pleistocene, predominantly in continental Australia. At least two independent long-distance dispersal events were inferred eastwards from the Australian continent to New Zealand, and New Caledonia from the early Pliocene onwards, likely mediated by the predominantly westerly winds of the southern hemisphere. Retraction and fragmentation of eastern Australian rainforests from the early Miocene onwards are discussed as likely drivers of lineage divergence within sect.Adelopetalum, facilitating allopatric speciation.
Expansion of the Catalytic Repertoire of Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Plant Metabolism
Authors: Langley Chloe , Tatsis Evangelos , Hong Benke , Nakamura Yoko , Paetz Christian , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Basquin Jerome , Lawson David M. , Caputi Lorenzo , O’Connor Sarah E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMedium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) comprise a highly conserved enzyme family that catalyse the reversible reduction of aldehydes. However, recent discoveries in plant natural product biosynthesis suggest that the catalytic repertoire of ADHs has been expanded. Here we report the crystal structure of dihydroprecondylocarpine acetate synthase (DPAS), an ADH that catalyses the non-canonical 1,4 reduction of an α,β-unsaturated iminium moiety. Comparison with structures of plant-derived ADHs that catalyse 1,2-aldehyde and 1,2-iminium reductions suggest how the canonical ADH active site can be modified to carry out atypical carbonyl reductions, providing insight into how chemical reactions are diversified in plant metabolism.
From vacuole to cytosol – Disruptive invasion triggers cytosolic release ofSalmonellaParatyphi A and subsequent cytosolic motility favors evasion of xenophagy
Authors: Scharte Felix , Franzkoch Rico , Hensel Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSalmonella entericais a common foodborne, facultative intracellular enteropathogen. TyphoidalS.entericaserovars like Paratyphi A (SPA) are human restricted and cause a severe systemic disease, while manyS.entericaserovars like Typhimurium (STM) have broad host range, and in human hosts usually lead to self-limiting gastroenteritis. There are key differences between typhoidal and non-typhoidalSalmonellain pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Several genes encodingSalmonellapathogenicity island (SPI) effector proteins are absent or pseudogenes in SPA. Expression of virulence and metabolism genes show differential expression compared to STM. The intracellular transcriptomic architecture and phenotypes during presence in epithelial cells were recently described. Surprisingly, induction of motility, flagella and chemotaxis genes showed distinct expression patterns in intracellular SPA vs. STM and led to cytosolic motility of SPA. This study applies single cell microscopic analyses approaches to investigate the triggers and cellular consequences of cytosolic motility. Live cell imaging (LCI) revealed that SPA invades host cells in a highly cooperative manner. Extensive membrane ruffling at the invasion site leads to increased membrane damage in the nascent SCV with subsequent cytosolic release. After release into the cytosol, motile bacteria showed same velocity as under culture conditions used for infection. Reduced capture of SPA by autophagosomal membranes was observed by LCI and electron microscopy. Our results reveal flagella-mediated cytosolic motility as possible xenophagy evasion mechanism that could drive disease progression and contributes to dissemination of invasion-primed SPA during systemic infection.ImportanceIntracellular pathogens are commonly adapted to life in host cells either in a pathogen-containing vacuole, or free in host cell cytosol. However, transitions between these lifestyles are possible and demand specific adaptations, especially to avoid recognition and killing by host cell-autonomous immune defense.Salmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi A (SPA) belongs to typhoidalSalmonellaable to cause live-threatening systemic infections in human hosts. We observed that SPA invades host cells in a way that often results in damage of the nascent vacuole and release of SPA in host cell cytosol. Here, SPA deploy flagella-mediated motility for rapid locomotion within infected cells. We demonstrate on single cell level that flagella-mediated motility enables evasion of xenophagic capture and control by the host cells. SPA uses a novel form of intracellular motility to successfully colonize human host cells.
Structural basis of a high-affinity antibody binding to glycoprotein region with consecutive glycosylation sites
Authors: Han Yunbin , Niu Jun , Pan Deng , Feng Chunchao , Song Ke , Meng Bing , Westerlind Ulrika , Zhang Yan , Liu Haiguang , Xu Lan , Zhou Dapeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsecutive glycosylation sites occur in both self and viral proteins. Glycan-shielding of underneath peptide region is a double-edged sword, that avoids immune attack to self-proteins, but helps viruses including HIV-1 and SARS-CoV2 to escape antibody binding. Here we report a high-affinity antibody, 16A, binding to linear peptide containing consecutive glycosylation sites. Co-crystallization of 16A Fab and glycopeptides with GalNAc modifications at different sites showed that STAPPAHG is the sequence recognized by 16A antibody. GalNAc modification at Threonine site on STAPPAHG sequence significantly increased the affinity of Fab binding by 30.6 fold (KD=6.7nM). The increased affinity is conferred by hydrophilic and pi-stacking interactions between the GalNAc residue on Threonine site and a Trp residue from the CDR1 region of the heavy chain. Furthermore, molecular modeling suggested that GalNAc on T site causes more favorable conformation for antibody binding. These results showed that glycan modification most proximal to linear peptide core epitope significantly increases antigenicity of a glycopeptide epitope. The antibody recognition mode by peptide-binding CDR groove with a glycan-binding edge, may shed light on designing of linear glycopeptide-based vaccines for cancer and viral diseases.TeaserA high-affinity antibody was found to bind densely glycosylated glycoprotein region by a peptide binding groove of the antibody’s variant region, with a glycan-binding edge specific to glycosylation site most proximal to core peptide epitope.
Irradiated Mammary Spheroids Elucidate Mechanisms of Macrophage-Mediated Breast Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Hacker Benjamin C. , Lin Erica J. , Herman Dana C. , Questell Alyssa M. , Martello Shannon E. , Hedges Rebecca J. , Walker Anesha J. , Rafat Marjan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile most patients with triple negative breast cancer receive radiotherapy to improve outcomes, a significant subset of patients continue to experience recurrence. Macrophage infiltration into radiation-damaged sites has been shown to promote breast cancer recurrence in pre-clinical models. However, the mechanisms that drive recurrence are unknown. Here, we developed a novel spheroid model to evaluate macrophage-mediated tumor cell recruitment. We first characterized infiltrating macrophage phenotypes into irradiated mammary tissue to inform our model. We then established spheroids consisting of fibroblasts isolated from mouse mammary glands. We observed that tumor cell motility toward irradiated spheroids was enhanced in the presence of a 2:1 ratio of pro-healing:pro-inflammatory macrophages. We also measured a significant increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion after irradiation bothin vivoand in our model. This secretion increased tumor cell invasiveness, and invasion was mitigated by neutralizing IL-6. Taken together, our work suggests that interactions between infiltrating macrophages and damaged stromal cells facilitates breast cancer recurrence through IL-6 signaling.