bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric study on seismic performance of prefabricated bridge piers connected by ultra‐high performance concrete grout
Authors: Geng Jiashuo , Wang Fei , Liu Chao , Wang Jianqiang , Zhao Zhuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel prefabricated pier connected by ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) connection is introduced based on an actual project, and several seismic preformance related parametric analyses were conducted based on the validated numerical models. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of several critical parameters on the seismic performance of the novel prefabricated piers. The validity of the numerical modeling method has been verified based on a cyclic loading test of a relevant large‐scale novel prefabricated pier. Meanwhile, several seismic design‐related parameters are selected, e.g., shear‐span ratio, mechanical properties of UHPC, embedded length of reinforcement bars, etc., to evaluate the seismic performance of UHPC grout connected prefabricated piers. In order to ensure that the novel prefabricated pier exhibits acceptable seismic performance, the shear‐span ratio of the prefabricated bridge piers should be higher than 2.5, the axial compression ratio should be lower than 0.35, the recommended minimum embedded length is 8 times bar diameter and UB or UA UHPC with strain hardening properties should be selected as grouting material. Meanwhile, the reasonable longitudinal reinforcement ratio should be carefully considered according to engineering requirements and seismic design details.
Different chromosome numbers but slight morphological differentiation and genetic admixture among populations of the Pulmonaria hirta complex (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Astuti Giovanni , Coppi Andrea , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHybridization and introgression have a significant impact on the taxonomically controversial genus Pulmonaria. Within this genus, the P. hirta complex shows puzzling systematic relationships among P. hirta s.str. (2n = [22, 26] 28), P. apennina (2n = 22 [26]), and P. vallarsae (2n = 22), showing range overlaps and mixed phenotypes in southern Europe. We carried out morphometric analyses of basal leaves and flower features along with AFLP characterization of 236 plants belonging to 11 populations within the complex and 1 population of P. officinalis. We also implemented an already available phylogeny with sequences from our target populations and characterized their karyotype. For all the populations within the complex, we found molecular evidence of a hybrid origin involving species belonging to different clades (angustifolia and officinalis clades). However, there is a certain morphological differentiation between some populations (“hirtoid” morph) and others (“vallarsoid” morph), albeit single individuals or entire populations show intermediate features. According to our results, hybridization and/or backcrossing/introgression have occurred, and gene flow is currently taking place among these “taxa”. Following the hybridization event(s), we can elaborate three possible evolutionary scenarios: (1) one hybrid “vallarsoid” (2n = 22) species spread across the Italian peninsula, and from this originated the “hirtoid” morph (2n = 28) through dysploidy; (2) two geographically distinct hybridization events produced both “vallarsoid” and “hirtoid” morphs; (3) one “hirtoid” alloploid hybrid species originated and backcrossed with P. officinalis generating “vallarsoid” plants. Under scenarios 1 and 2, the different morphs met again in central Italy, with massive current gene flow. Under scenario 3, “vallarsoid” plants spread across the Italian peninsula, but further backcrossed with “hirtoid” plants in central Italy, leaving pure lineages of “vallarsoid” plants only in the extreme north and south of their range. This latter scenario is supported by populations with 2n = 22, 26 chromosomes, having karyotype asymmetry indices intermediate between those of 2n = 16 and 2n = 28 cytotypes. Irrespective of the evolutionary dynamics, today, a single lineage showing three cytotypes occurs throughout the Italian peninsula, supporting the circumscription of a single polymorphic species, namely P. hirta.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model to improve the usability of polyp detection systems during interventions
Authors: Brand Markus , Troya Joel , Krenzer Adrian , Saßmannshausen Zita , Zoller Wolfram G. , Meining Alexander , Lux Thomas J. , Hann Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe efficiency of artificial intelligence as computer‐aided detection (CADe) systems for colorectal polyps has been demonstrated in several randomized trials. However, CADe systems generate many distracting detections, especially during interventions such as polypectomies. Those distracting CADe detections are often induced by the introduction of snares or biopsy forceps as the systems have not been trained for such situations. In addition, there are a significant number of non‐false but not relevant detections, since the polyp has already been previously detected. All these detections have the potential to disturb the examiner's work.ObjectivesDevelopment and evaluation of a convolutional neuronal network that recognizes instruments in the endoscopic image, suppresses distracting CADe detections, and reliably detects endoscopic interventions.MethodsA total of 580 different examination videos from 9 different centers using 4 different processor types were screened for instruments and represented the training dataset (519,856 images in total, 144,217 contained a visible instrument). The test dataset included 10 full‐colonoscopy videos that were analyzed for the recognition of visible instruments and detections by a commercially available CADe system (GI Genius, Medtronic).ResultsThe test dataset contained 153,623 images, 8.84% of those presented visible instruments (12 interventions, 19 instruments used). The convolutional neuronal network reached an overall accuracy in the detection of visible instruments of 98.59%. Sensitivity and specificity were 98.55% and 98.92%, respectively. A mean of 462.8 frames containing distracting CADe detections per colonoscopy were avoided using the convolutional neuronal network. This accounted for 95.6% of all distracting CADe detections.ConclusionsDetection of endoscopic instruments in colonoscopy using artificial intelligence technology is reliable and achieves high sensitivity and specificity. Accordingly, the new convolutional neuronal network could be used to reduce distracting CADe detections during endoscopic procedures. Thus, our study demonstrates the great potential of artificial intelligence technology beyond mucosal assessment.
An effective wind speed prediction model combining secondary decomposition and regularised extreme learning machine optimised by cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Wenyu , Guo Zhenhai , Zhang Shuwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWind speed prediction has an important impact on the planning, economic operation and safe maintenance of wind power systems. However, the high volatility and intermittency of wind speed make it difficult to predict accurately. To improve the prediction accuracy, we developed a hybrid multistep wind speed prediction model named EWP‐CS‐RELM. In this model, a secondary decomposition technique of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet packet transform (WPT) is used, and it is called the EWP decomposition technique. This decomposition technique can achieve an adaptive processing of the data and accurately extract the characteristic components of the signal, avoiding the occurrence of pattern overlap and reducing the mutual interference between components. At the same time, the high and low‐frequency parts of the complex signal (component) can be decomposed into different frequency bands, and the corresponding frequency band can be selected adaptively to match the signal spectrum. The subsequence obtained after EWP decomposition is then predicted using a regularised extreme learning machine (RELM) optimised by the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm with strong global search ability to obtain the results. The hybrid prediction model is validated using four seasons of wind speed data from two wind farms in Shandong, China, and compared with seven other prediction models. Simulation results illustrate that the EWP‐CS‐RELM model outperforms the other seven models with the smallest statistical errors.
Our current understanding of West Nile virus in upland game birds
Authors: Kunkel Melanie R. , Mead Daniel G. , Ruder Mark G. , Nemeth Nicole M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince its introduction to the United States in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) rapidly spread and is now endemic throughout much of North America. West Nile virus has impacted many North American birds, including suspected population‐level declines. However, the potential effects of WNV on upland game bird species remain largely unknown. We reviewed the published literature on WNV infection in upland game birds, with the majority comprised of experimental infection trials, serologic surveys, and natural infection reports. Early WNV research indicated that some species within Galliformes are not susceptible to WNV‐associated disease, but reports were primarily based on studies in domestic fowl with small sample sizes. Research on greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) confirmed both species are highly susceptible to WNV‐associated morbidity and mortality, which highlights the need to better understand the potential effects of WNV on other upland game bird species. Serological data using primarily hunter‐harvested, greater sage‐grouse samples revealed low seroprevalence among several populations, indicating WNV may pose a risk to greater sage‐grouse populations. Currently, data are lacking on the effects of WNV in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), for which low recruitment rates and depressed population numbers have been documented across parts of the eastern United States. Despite low virulence of WNV in experimentally‐infected domestic turkeys, sporadic cases of WNV‐associated morbidity are reported in wild turkeys. Serosurveys that include wild turkeys are limited in number, sample size, and geographic distribution, but available results suggest that a substantial percentage of WNV‐infected wild turkeys survive. Research focused on experimental infection trials, serosurveys, and documenting natural infections, along with land cover and vector studies, are necessary to provide a more complete understanding of the potential population level implications WNV may have on various upland game birds, including wild turkey.
A review of harvest and population monitoring methods for western wild turkeys
Authors: Wakeling Brian F. , Sandrini Joseph M. , Lerich Scott P. , Cardinal Casey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) are managed throughout the western USA for wildlife viewing and hunting, including Merriam's (M. g. merriami), Rio Grande (M. g. intermedia), eastern (M. g. silvestris), and Gould's (M. g. mexicana) wild turkey. In addition to the variety of subspecies, the West also comprises a wide variety of occupied vegetative communities throughout an array of state and federal jurisdictions. In 1993, the Colorado Division of Wildlife published the Management Guidelines for Merriam's Wild Turkeys (Hoffman et al. 1993). Since that time, harvest and monitoring methods have evolved. Harvests are monitored through mandatory or voluntary phone surveys, online surveys, mail surveys, email surveys, mobile phone applications, field checks, and wing or foot collections. Populations are monitored through harvest indices, summer brood surveys, winter flock counts, winter classifications, summer classifications, presence‐absence surveys, camera traps, forward‐looking infrared, aerial surveys, telemetry, weather indices, citizen science reports, and a variety of modeling approaches. We provide a limited review highlighting the substantive strengths and challenges associated with each population monitoring technique to provide agencies and organizations involved in monitoring harvest and populations of turkeys with an overview to assist in selecting appropriate tools for use in their jurisdiction.
Effectiveness of long‐distance translocation of eastern diamondback rattlesnakes
Authors: Kelley Allison G. , Welch Shane M. , Holloway John , Dillman James W. , Atkinson April , Waldron Jayme L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWildlife translocations have the potential to assist conservation efforts by mitigating mortality caused by site‐specific human activities. Despite the potential, the effectiveness of snake translocations for conservation purposes is not yet clear. Eastern diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus, EDB) have limited ability to adapt to habitat loss and fragmentation due to the species' slow life history, high habitat specificity, and minimal dispersal ability. We translocated a cohort of EDBs to investigate the potential of using translocations as a conservation tool for this species. In July 2018, we translocated 12 adult eastern diamondback rattlesnakes from Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot to an inland wildlife management area. We used radio‐telemetry data to examine the effects of translocation on home‐range size and average daily movement. We used known‐fate survival models to examine adult survival post‐translocation. Post‐translocation home ranges were larger than the pre‐translocation home ranges and EDBs moved more, on average, per day post‐translocation. We failed to detect an effect of translocation on 2‐year survival probability. We suspect that large post‐translocation home ranges and average daily movements reflected the need to find suitable ambush and hibernacula sites and differences between coastal and inland habitats. More research is needed to determine the long‐term viability of translocated rattlesnake populations. Our results suggest that translocations may be a viable conservation and mitigation strategy for eastern diamondback rattlesnakes.
Introduction
Authors: Yeung Wei-Jun Jean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, Southeast Asia’s economic and geopolitical profile in the world has risen dramatically. It is one of the fastest growing markets and least well-known regions in the world. Countries in this region are important because they are large in aggregate, strategically located, exceptionally diverse, and intellectually interesting. This book on Demographic and Family Changes in Southeast Asia (SEA) presents the trends and patterns of family changes from all eleven countries in the region for the past 50 years (till 2015). It collects indicators on marriage, fertility, and household structures, and child and youth well-being based on data that are dispersed in many different sources and compiles them in one single document making it easier for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers who are interested in this diverse and rapidly growing region to refer to. The report is meant to be a resource book to provide a snapshot of changes in the last half a century in key demographic, socio-economic characteristics, and family structure in the region to facilitate an understanding of the transitions that have undergone.
Whole-Body Hyperthermia (WBH) in Psychiatry
Authors: Knobel A. , Hanusch K. , Auen N. , Rübener F. , Fischer S. , Borzim C. , Heinz A. , Schäfer M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew effective therapies for managing and treating psychiatric disorders such as major depression are urgently needed. Mood-enhancing effects have repeatedly been observed after whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) treatment in other medical disciplines, and there is promising evidence that WBH may be used in psychiatry for patients suffering from depressive disorders. Most importantly, a recent study demonstrated a significant, rapid, and partially lasting reduction of depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder following a single session of water-filtered infrared-A induced whole-body hyperthermia (wIRA-WBH). Underlying mechanisms of actions may include immune modulation and serotonergic neurotransmission via warm-sensitive afferent thermosensory pathways to the midbrain.Current studies are focused on verifying these earlier findings and clarifying the mechanisms involved. Herein, we report on the establishment of WBH methodology in the psychiatry setting and provide our opinions on necessary future research.
Physical and Photobiological Basics of wIRA-Hyperthermia
Authors: Piazena H. , Müller W. , Vaupel Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInformation regarding physical and photobiological basics of wIRA-HT has been derived under in vivo conditions in piglets and human tissues. Since wIRA fits into the optical window of tissues, direct conversion of absorbed radiation into heat (T >39 °C) has been proven up to tissue depths of 26 mm. Tissue heating cannot sufficiently be characterized by the specification of the radiant exposure (dose) due to its dependence on the thermal impact of irradiance and exposure time and on heat dissipation and metabolic heat production. If irradiations of identical doses are used, resulting tissue hyperthermia levels are the higher, the shorter the exposure time and the higher the irradiance. To comply with the ESHO criteria, incident wIRA irradiances should exceed ≈ 110 mWcm−2 (IR-A). At higher irradiances, steady-state temperatures (SST) ≥ 39 °C have been observed to tissue depths >20 mm in piglets and up to 26 mm in humans. SST values ≥40 °C have been measured up to tissue depths >20 mm (piglets) and up to 16 mm (humans), and SSTs ≥41 °C up to 16 mm (piglets) and up to 8 mm (humans). Post-heating temperature decay times limit optimal intervals between hyperthermia (HT) and subsequent radiotherapy (RT) sessions to periods ≤5 min.
Thermography and Thermometry in wIRA-Hyperthermia
Authors: Müller W. , Piazena H. , Thomsen A. R. , Vaupel Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContact-free temperature determination is based on the measurements of electromagnetic radiation. The corresponding physical laws are related to the properties of black bodies. This background allows for the development of thermometric and thermographic systems for remote temperature measurements. Precise absolute temperature data, required in hyperthermia, do not only depend on the technical quality of the systems (hardware and software) and their calibration, but also depend on accurate determination of the emissivity of human skin. Pyrometers are restricted to temperature measurements within a small area (measurement spot), while thermographic cameras allow measurements across a relatively large region on the target area in real time. The subdivision of the IR image into spatially separated pixels allows access to temperature data of small areas on the skin and thus combines thermometry and thermography. Quality assurance standards of the European Society of Hyperthermic Oncology for water-filtered IR-A-hyperthermia (wIRA-HT) are met, except for the accuracy of the absolute temperature. Since the relation between the temperatures at the skin surface and in deeper tissue layers, considering irradiation and heating time, in wIRA-HT can be assessed, the temperature needed for efficient thermal treatment of superficial tumors within superficial tissue layers can therefore be achieved in a controlled manner.
Einleitung
Authors: Wild Jochen 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Antriebstechnik ist die Übertragung dynamischer und oft stoßartig auftretender Torsionsmomente $$M_{t}$$

M
t

von einer Welle zur Nabe oder umgekehrt eine häufige Problemstellung. Hierfür sind Profilwellenverbindungen im Allgemeinen besonders geeignet. Als Resultat ihrer fertigungsbedingt wirtschaftlichen Vorteile, finden in weiterführender Konkretisierung evolventisch basierte Zahnwellenverbindungen nach [DIN 5480] für die genannten Anforderungen gegenwärtig breite Anwendung. Ihre Gestaltfestigkeitsgrenzen werden in der Praxis allerdings immer öfter erreicht. Problem hierbei ist oftmals die hohe zugseitige Spannungskonzentration im Zahnfuß der Welle, vgl. Abbildung 1.1.
Research Trends in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Bozkurt Aras 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter sets out to explore the research field of open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) building upon the 3 M-Framework developed in the context of distance education along three broad lines of research: ODDE systems and theories (global macro-level); management, organization, and technology (institutional meso-level); and teaching and learning in ODDE (individual micro-level). Based on various bibliographic analyses, the flow of research areas and trends is described. The COVID-19 pandemic is discussed as a turning point that already has a huge impact on research and practice of the entire field of ODDE. According to thematic similarities and dissimilarities in the academic fields of educational technology (EdTech), distance education (DE), and instructional design (ID), four clusters of academic journals are identified with different thematic foci in various educational contexts. This information can be used to guide researchers to choose an appropriate journal in which to submit their work.
Nuclei in the toy world: beyond the Pomeron in zero transverse dimensions
Authors: Kovner Alex , Levin Eugene , Lublinsky Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explore possible extensions of the t-channel and s-channel unitary model of high energy evolution in zero transverse dimensions appropriate to very high energy/atomic number where the dipole density in a toy hadron is parametrically high. We suggest that the appropriate generalization is to allow emission of more than one dipole in a single step of energy evolution. We construct explicitly such a model that preserves the t-channel and s-channel unitarity and have the correct low density limit, and study the particle multiplicity distribution resulting from this evolution. We consider initial conditions of a single dipole and many dipoles at initial rapidity. We observe that the saturation regime in this model is preceded by a parametric range of rapidities $$ \frac{1}{\alpha_s}\ln \frac{1}{\alpha_s}<Y<\frac{1}{\alpha_s}\ln \frac{1}{\alpha_s^2} $$

1

α
s

ln

1

α
s

<
Y
<

1

α
s

ln

1

α
s
2

, where the saturation effects are still unimportant, but multiple emissions determine the properties of the evolution. We also discuss the influence of the saturation on the parton cascade and, in particular, find that in the saturation regime the entropy of partons becomes S ≈ $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

ln N where N is the mean multiplicity.
On the differential representation and color-kinematics duality of AdS boundary correlators
Authors: Herderschee Aidan , Roiban Radu , Teng Fei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The AdS boundary correlators and their dual correlation functions of boundary operators have been the main dynamic observables of the holographic duality relating a bulk AdS theory and a boundary conformal field theory. We show that tree-level AdS boundary correlators for generic states can be expressed as nonlocal differential operators of a certain structure acting on contact Witten diagrams. We further write the boundary correlators in a form that is very similar to flat space amplitudes, with Mandelstam variables replaced by certain combinations of single-state conformal generators, prove that all tree-level AdS boundary correlators have a differential representation, and detail the conversion of such differential expressions to position space. We illustrate the construction through the computation of the boundary correlators of scalars coupled to gluons and gravitons; when converted to position space, they reproduce known results. Color-kinematics duality and BCJ relations can be defined in analogy with their flat space counterparts, and are respected by the scalar correlators with a gluon exchange. We also discuss potential approaches to the double copy and find that its direct generalization may require nontrivial extensions.