bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagating the Prior From Shallow to Deep With a Pre‐Trained Velocity‐Model Generative Transformer Network
Authors: Harsuko Randy , Cheng Shijun , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBuilding subsurface velocity models is essential to our goals in utilizing seismic data for Earth discovery and exploration, as well as monitoring. With the dawn of machine learning, these velocity models (or, more precisely, their distribution) can be stored accurately and efficiently in a generative model. These stored velocity model distributions have the potential to be utilized in future applications, such as in regularization and uncertainty quantification in inverse problems. However, most generators, like normalizing flows or diffusion models, treat the image (velocity model) uniformly, not explicitly exploiting the spatial dependencies and resolution changes. To address this weakness, we introduce VelocityGPT, a novel implementation that utilizes Transformer decoders trained autoregressively to generate a velocity model from shallow subsurface to deep. Owing to the fact that seismic data are often recorded on the Earth's surface, a top‐down generator can utilize the inverted information in the shallow as guidance (prior) to generating the deep. Specifically, the distribution of velocity information in the shallow layers guides the predictions deeper. To facilitate the implementation, we use an additional network to compress the velocity model. We also inject prior information, like well or structure (represented by a migration image) to generate the velocity model. Using synthetic data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of VelocityGPT as a promising approach in generative model applications for seismic velocity model building.
Molecularly engineered supramolecular fluorescent chemodosimeter for measuring epinephrine dynamics
Authors: Zhao Yudan , Mei Yuxiao , Liu Zhichao , Sun Jing , Tian Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurately visualizing epinephrine (EP) activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions and pathological processes in brain. However, to the best of our knowledge, reliable, rapid, and specifical measurement of EP dynamics at cellular and in vivo level hasn’t been previously reported. Herein, we report the probe for EP imaging and biosensing in neurons and living brain of freely behaving animals, based on creating a series of supramolecular fluorescent chemodosimeters through host-guest interaction. The optimized chemodosimeter enables real-time imaging and quantifying of EP with high specificity, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and rapid kinetics (~240 ms) in neurons, brain tissues and zebrafish. More significantly, we demonstrate real-time monitoring of EP in 26 regions within deep brain of freely behaving male mice, unraveling an augmented EP concentration in the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum under fear-induced stress. These findings highlight our chemodosimeter as a powerful tool for precise measurements of EP dynamics in diverse model organisms.
Multi-country evidence on societal factors to include in energy transition modelling
Authors: Fisch-Romito Vivien , Jaxa-Rozen Marc , Wen Xin , Trutnevyte Evelina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Integrated assessment and energy system models are challenged to account for societal transformation dynamics, but empirical evidence is lacking on which factors to incorporate, how and to what extent this would improve the relevance of modelled pathways. Here we include six societal factors related to infrastructure dynamics, actors and decision-making, and social and institutional context into an open-source simulation model of the national power system transition. We apply this model in 31 European countries and, using hindcasting (1990–2019), quantify which societal factors improved the modelled pathways. We find that, if well-chosen and in most cases, incorporating societal factors can improve the hindcasting performance by up to 27% for modelled installed capacity of individual technologies. Public acceptance, investment risks and infrastructure lock-in contribute the most to model performance improvement. Our study paves the way to a systematic and objective selection of societal factors to be included in energy transition modelling.
TriSpectraKAN: a novel approach for COPD detection via lung sound analysis
Authors: Roy Abhinav , Gyanchandani Bhavesh , Oza Aditya , Singh Anurag 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to create an automated, accessible, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Traditional diagnostic methods are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized equipment. The proposed TriSpectraKAN model leverages audio-based lung sound features to improve early diagnosis. TriSpectraKAN is a hybrid model combining spectral features and the Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN) to analyze lung sounds using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), chromagram, and Mel spectrograms. Each sub-model focuses on a different audio feature, capturing unique sonic signatures. These features are merged through a hybrid network for comprehensive analysis. The model, trained on a COPD dataset, was deployed on a Raspberry Pi for real-time use. TriSpectraKAN achieved 93% accuracy, an F1 score of 0.98, precision of 0.97, and recall of 0.98. This multimodal approach captured a broad range of lung sound features, improving diagnosis accuracy compared to traditional methods. The integration of multiple audio features in TriSpectraKAN enhances COPD diagnosis, demonstrating the potential of AI and machine learning to transform respiratory disease diagnosis through accessible tools.
Insights into metabolic changes during epidermal differentiation as revealed by multiphoton microscopy with fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Malak Monika , Qian Chen , James Jeemol , Nair Syam , Grantham Julie , Ericson Marica B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rapid developments in the field of organotypic cultures have generated a growing need for effective and non-invasive methods for quality control during tissue development. In this study, we correlate metabolic changes with epidermal differentiation and demonstrate that multiphoton microscopy with fluorescence lifetime imaging (MPM-FLIM) can be applied to monitor epidermal differentiation of keratinocytes with respect to proliferative and differentiated states. In a 2D keratinocyte tissue culture model, increased expression of differentiation markers keratin-1 and keratin-10 was induced with calcium supplementation. An accompanying shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration was detected in metabolic flux assays. Analysis of MPM-FLIM images acquired at 750 nm and 900 nm excitation revealed a decreased relative fraction of intracellular NADH and FAD after high calcium treatment, consistent with increased oxidative phosphorylation. Epidermal differentiation could be monitored over a 96 h period. Discrimination analysis based on k-means clustering generated clusters that correlated well with the duration of high Ca2+ treatment, suggesting that MPM-FLIM can provide useful parameters for monitoring keratinocyte differentiation.
New machine-learning models outperform conventional risk assessment tools in Gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Boros Eszter , Pintér József , Molontay Roland , Prószéky Kristóf Gergely , Vörhendi Nóra , Simon Orsolya Anna , Teutsch Brigitta , Pálinkás Dániel , Frim Levente , Tari Edina , Gagyi Endre Botond , Szabó Imre , Hágendorn Roland , Vincze Áron , Izbéki Ferenc , Abonyi-Tóth Zsolt , Szentesi Andrea , Vass Vivien , Hegyi Péter , Erőss Bálint 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of high-risk acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) patients is essential. We developed two machine-learning (ML) models to calculate the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients admitted due to overt GIB. We analyzed the prospective, multicenter Hungarian GIB Registry’s data. The predictive performance of XGBoost and CatBoost machine-learning algorithms with the Glasgow-Blatchford (GBS), pre-endoscopic Rockall and ABC scores were compared. We evaluated our models using five-fold cross-validation, and performance was measured by area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, we included 1,021 patients in the analysis. In-hospital death occurred in 108 cases. The XGBoost and the CatBoost model identified patients who died with an AUC of 0.84 (CI:0.76–0.90; 0.77–0.90; respectively) in the internal validation set, whereas the GBS and pre-endoscopic Rockall clinical scoring system’s performance was significantly lower, AUC values of 0.68 (CI:0.62–0.74) and 0.62 (CI:0.56–0.67), respectively. ABC score had an AUC of 0.77 (CI:0.71–0.83). The XGBoost model had a specificity of 0.96 (CI:0.92–0.98) at a sensitivity of 0.25 (CI:0.10–0.43) compared with the CatBoost model, which had a specificity of 0.74 (CI:0.66–0.83) at a sensitivity of 0.78 (CI:0.57–0.95). XGBoost and the CatBoost models evaluate the mortality risk of acute GI bleeding better, than the conventional risk assessment tools.
Solid phase thermal conductivity model of alpine meadow soils based on fractal theory
Authors: Huang Wanjun , Mao Xuesong , Wu Qian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The determination of thermophysical parameters is crucial in the hydro-thermal coupling calculations of permafrost. Alpine meadows can affect the heat exchange inside and outside the soil due to the well-developed root, which can have an impact on the stability of permafrost. At present, the research on the thermal conductivity of alpine meadows is less, and most of the research focuses on the thermal conductivity of rock and soil. In this paper, according to the distribution and development characteristics of roots in the soil, a theoretical model of thermal conductivity of root-soil in alpine meadow based on thermal resistance is established by using fractal theory. The reliability of the theoretical model was verified by introducing the established solid-phase thermal conductivity model into the geometric mean model. The effects of the ratio of root area to total area(RRATA), tortuosity fractal dimension, and area fractal dimension on thermal conductivity are analyzed. The model constructed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for further research on the physical model of thermal conductivity of meadow porous media.
A primary cilia–autophagy axis in hippocampal neurons is essential to maintain cognitive resilience
Authors: Rivagorda Manon , Romeo-Guitart David , Blanchet Victoria , Mailliet François , Boitez Valérie , Barry Natalie , Milunov Dimitrije , Siopi Eleni , Goudin Nicolas , Moriceau Stéphanie , Guerrera Chiara , Leibovici Michel , Saha Soham , Codogno Patrice , Morselli Eugenia , Morel Etienne , Armand Anne-Sophie , Oury Franck 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Blood-borne factors are essential to maintain neuronal synaptic plasticity and cognitive resilience throughout life. One such factor is osteocalcin (OCN), a hormone produced by osteoblasts that influences multiple physiological processes, including hippocampal neuronal homeostasis. However, the mechanism through which this blood-borne factor communicates with neurons remains unclear. Here we show the importance of a core primary cilium (PC) protein–autophagy axis in mediating the effects of OCN. We found that the OCN receptor GPR158 is present at the PC of hippocampal neurons and mediates the regulation of autophagy machinery by OCN. During aging, autophagy and PC core proteins are reduced in neurons, and restoring their levels is sufficient to improve cognitive impairments in aged mice. Mechanistically, the induction of this axis by OCN is dependent on the PC-dependent cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the PC–autophagy axis is a gateway to mediate communication between blood-borne factors and neurons, and it advances understanding of the mechanisms involved in age-related cognitive decline.
International Business and Sustainable Development in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for Firms and Countries
Authors: Iguchi Chie , Giroud Axèle , Zhao Shasha , Zhang Si 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Asia, a region characterized by economic dynamism, diverse socio-political contexts, and significant environmental challenges. Since the launch of the SDGs in 2015, MNEs have emerged as key players in fostering sustainable development, notably through their global value chains (GVCs), knowledge transfer, innovation, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. However, their contributions remain uneven, constrained by short-term profitability goals, fragmented regulatory frameworks, or symbolic CSR practices. Drawing on existing literature and empirical insights, this article examines how MNEs integrate sustainability into their strategies, balancing economic imperatives with societal and environmental responsibilities. It highlights the potential of ethical corporate practices, stakeholder collaboration, and policy support to drive transformative change. The article also identifies challenges such as governance gaps and limited stakeholder engagement, emphasizing the need for systemic reforms. Concluding with recommendations for future research, it underscores the importance of understanding Asia’s unique context to unlock the full potential of MNEs in achieving the SDGs and fostering sustainable development globally.
Toward an understanding of currere as a research method
Authors: Wang Wanying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces and explicates currere as a research method as well as a
key concept in curriculum, which was first invoked by William
Pinar during the 1970s to understand how one’s educational experience can contribute to academic study
and vice versa. The method of currere emphasizes the lived experience of curriculum — to run the
course — but also includes the social, political, and cultural enactment of experience through conversation. Employing
psychoanalytical technique, currere allows one to turn inward. As argued by Pinar (2019), the understanding
of lived experience involves working from within as one encounters self, others, and world. The method of
currere renders self knowledge that is never still, self-identical, making oneself a subject in a
recursive process between self and the world, past and future. Pinar delineates four steps (regression, progression, analysis, and synthesis) to engage the individual
in both temporal and reflective movements, thus enabling one’s understanding of what operatives have been at work in
an individual’s educational experience. Eventually, through understanding oneself, the whole world unfolds in front of
us (Wang,
2020).
Contemporary Applied Linguistics Research
Authors: Prior Matthew T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this commentary, I will offer some thoughts on the preceding chapters and their contributions
to reflective and reflexive research in Applied Linguistics. We must, of course, first acknowledge that contemporary
Applied Linguistics is a multidisciplinary field — no longer confined to linguistics, nor reducible to second (i.e.,
additional or foreign) language acquisition or English Language
Teaching (ELT).1 I will begin with a brief historical snapshot
of developments across the field to locate this volume in relation to ongoing scholarly conversations. I then examine
some of the ways reflection and reflexivity have been defined and applied in qualitative inquiry, before concluding
with some suggestions for advancing both theory and practice.
Towards Just Industrial Heritage Tourism: The Case of Visiting Slovenian Mines
Authors: Farrell Barbara Pavlakovič , Pozvek Nejc 
Published: February 2025

Summary
This case study presents the transition of Slovenia’s former and still operating mines and the development of their tourism offerings. The change towards the tourism sector is an opportunity to revitalise industrial heritage areas and re-use abandoned facilities. Furthermore, the new job positions could be a chance for the re-activation of the industry’s former employees. These workers can be reintegrated into the economy through participation in a tourism product in the context of industrial heritage tourism. The results of the research show that former mineworkers have undergone a just transition – some retired with the help of retirement incentives, and others were reintegrated into similar production industries or into mine heritage tourism. The latter were given secure jobs in a comparable position with equivalent benefits and development possibilities. The study highlights the importance of just transition and just tourism. Though we have examined the case of mineworkers in this study, the findings could be applied to any industry with the potential of being transformed into a tourism offering. Moreover, the entire tourism industry should follow the ambitious goals of implementing the principles of just tourism.

Information
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Study of super flexible mixed phase piezoresistive pressure sensor
Authors: Li Chen , Li Xia , Zhao Zhenghan , Wang Zhihua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To compensate for the growing need for flexibility in pressure sensing wearable devices, solid-liquid mixed phase sensors have been improved to meet application needs. Compared to the all solid state counterparts, these sensors exhibit an improvement in flexibility, conductivity and hydrophilicity. A highly flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor utilising a porous structure made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/CNT/C₃H₈O₃ composites is introduced in this study. The porous structure was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Response and release times were demonstrated to be rapid, approximately 43 ms and 62 ms, respectively. Mechanical testing revealed a tensile strength of 0.06 Mpa and a Young's modulus of 0.0723, while the compressive strength was recorded at 0.0876 Mpa with a Young's modulus of 0.142. Durability assessments indicated consistent performance across 6,000 cycles and notable hydrophilicity.Compared to conventional PDMS hybrid carbon nanotube-based sensors, this new sensor exhibited improvements in flexibility and conductivity by approximately 50 and 40 times, respectively. Its applications include detection of mouse button clicks, monitoring of human pinky joint motions, and recognition within pressure arrays. The sensor discussed holds significant potential for advancements in human-computer interaction and wearable technology sectors.&#xD;
On concentric fractal spheres and spiral shells
Authors: Chrontsios-Garitsis Efstathios-K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate dimension theoretic properties of concentric topological spheres, which are fractal sets emerging both in pure and applied mathematics. We calculate the box dimension and Assouad spectrum of such collections, and use them to prove that fractal spheres cannot be shrunk through consecutive disjoint similar copies into a point at a polynomial rate. We also apply these dimension estimates to quasiconformally classify certain spiral shells, a generalization of planar spirals in higher dimensions. This classification also provides a bi-Hölder map between shells and constitutes an addition to a general programme of research proposed by Fraser (2021 Nonlinearity
34 3251–70).
Effect of flipped classroom in a rural school with limited technology resources and infrastructure in a Latin-American country
Authors: Conza José , Pazmino Arturo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In physics education, the perception of a low level of significant learning has been evident regarding one-dimensional motion in Ecuador; this may be due to the lack of modernization in teaching methods, which have remained rooted in traditional education. From this perspective, the present research work is focused on analysing the implication of using an active learning strategy, such as the flipped classroom, and its impact on learning about one-dimensional motion. For this purpose, a control and an experimental group was selected in which a pre-test and post-test were applied. These tests were analysed using the statistical methods of Shapiro Wilk, Levene test, t-Student and Mann–Whitney U test, for data analysis and verification of the research hypothesis. In addition, the Cohen coefficient was used to know the impact of this methodology, and the Hake statistic to know the gains of each question and analyse those with the greatest gain to identify the strategies and resources used that led to this achievement. Based on these considerations, it is concluded that flipped classroom improves learning in movement in one dimension, even in the most adverse scenarios where the technological resources are not available to achieve optimal learning of the subject.
Comparison of simulated backgrounds with in-orbit observations for HXI onboard ASO-S
Authors: Wang Hao Xiang , Zhang Zhe , Liu Wei , Jiang Xiankai , Chen Dengyi , hu yiming , Su Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) payload, a component of China's Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) satellite, is designed to observe solar X-ray emissions in the 30-200 keV range, with the aim of investigating non-thermal physical processes during solar flares. Before launch, Geant4 simulations were employed to assess the on-orbit background of the HXI instrument, evaluating its performance and potential to achieve its scientific objectives. This study addresses issues identified in previous simulations and conducts further analyses to examine the distribution of background counts across the 99 detectors. The results demonstrate alignment between simulations and observations at low and medium geomagnetic latitudes; however, challenges persist at high geomagnetic latitudes due to limitations in the current albedo photon model. This investigation provides insights into background sources from various particles, enhances understanding of space background characteristics, and offers guidance for background subtraction in imaging processes.
Development of experimental units in optics for inquiry-based laboratory
Authors: Ceháková Lydia , Kopřiva Tomáš 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Our aim is to showcase inquiry-based experiment units used in laboratory environment and the process of bringing them into practice. The units are focused on experiments in optics for upper secondary students. Worksheets guiding the students through each unit were created and the units were tested by the total of 88 students. We present these worksheets for experimental sets prepared for the Interactive Physics Laboratory operated by the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University as well as review of units based on students’ feedback.
Teaching and learning quantum entanglement: a discussion on different perspectives
Authors: Faletič Sergej , Michelini Marisa , Pospiech Gesche 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the central features of quantum physics is entanglement. It is crucial for understanding the theory, and its applications, especially in quantum technologies. At the 2023 GIREP meeting, the GIREP Thematic Group “Teaching and learning quantum physics” addressed three fundamental topics for discussion: 1) Theoretical approaches and conceptual reconstruction of entanglement, 2) Role of representation and visualization in teaching entanglement, and 3) Empirical research on teaching and learning entanglement. Invited interested parties participated with their contribution to shed light on the specific challenges and solutions to address this fundamental feature of quantum physics. We present the main results.