bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent traffic management system using Ant Colony Optimization and Internet of Things
Authors: Dureja Ajay , Sangwan Suman 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMiniaturization of Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices has led to advancement in Intelligent Transportation System. Some of the challenges for efficient traffic management are connection of vehicles through an IP based infrastructure for transportation, reliable, and flexible traffic control management, maintaining quality of services for video streaming applications in Internet of Vehicles and many more. Today there is a need of an efficient transportation system with improved efficiency of traffic safety and lower traveling costs. An intelligent traffic control system using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm has been proposed and analyzed in this paper. Proposed algorithm has been compared with existing state of art algorithms in terms of average waiting time and average traveling time.
Modelling the no‐show of patients to exam appointments of computed tomography
Authors: Benedito Zattar da Silva Rodolfo , Fogliatto Flávio Sanson , Garcia Tiago Severo , Faccin Carlo Sasso , Zavala Arturo Alejandro Zavala 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients' no‐shows negatively impact healthcare systems, leading to resources' underutilisation, efficiency loss, and cost increase. Predicting no‐shows is key to developing strategies that counteract their effects. In this paper, we propose a model to predict the no‐show of ambulatory patients to exam appointments of computed tomography at the Radiology department of a large Brazilian public hospital.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study on 8382 appointments to computed tomography (CT) exams between January and December 2017. Penalised logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to model the influence of 15 candidate variables on patients' no‐shows. The predictive capabilities of the models were evaluated by analysing the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC).ResultsThe no‐show rate in computerised tomography exams appointments was 6.65%. The two models performed similarly in terms of AUC. The penalised logistic regression model was selected using the parsimony criterion, with 8 of the 15 variables analysed appearing as significant. One of the variables included in the model (number of exams scheduled in the previous year) had not been previously reported in the related literature.ConclusionsOur findings may be used to guide the development of strategies to reduce the no‐show of patients to exam appointments.
Optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy for single‐cell classification of drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yang , Jiang Peifang , Lei Shuyi , Chen Xiaoli , Yao Shuting , Jiang Dongmei , Lin Donghong , Jia Xianggang , Hu Jianda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) is a combination of laser tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. It is a physical tool based on the mechanical effects of the laser, which can be used to study single living cells in suspension in a fast and non‐destructive way. Our work aims to establish a methodology system based on LTRS to rapidly and non‐destructively detect the resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and to provide a new idea for the evaluation of the resistance of ALL cells. Two specific adriamycin‐resistant and parental ALL cells BALL‐1 and Nalm6 were included in this study. Adriamycin resistant cells can induce the spectral differences, which can be detected by LTRS initially. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we use the principal components analysis (PCA) as well as the classification and regression trees (CRT) algorithms, which show that the specificity and sensitivity of LTRS are above 90%. In addition, to further clarify the chemoresistance status of ALL cells, we used the CRT models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves which are based on the band data to look for some important bands and band intensity ratios that have strong pointing significance. Our work proves that LTRS analysis combined with multivariate statistical analyses have great potential to be a novel analytical strategy at the single‐cell level for rapidly evaluating the chemoresistance status of ALL cells.
Unusual morphologic features of low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: A case report
Authors: Meng Ling Li , Jia Xiu Peng , Lu Li Xia , Zhang Hui Zhi , Shen Xiao Han , Piao Zheng Hua , Ge Rong , Yu Wen Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial stromal tumours are uncommon tumours of the uterus. They mainly occur in perimenopausal women. Tumours with typical clinicopathological features do not usually pose diagnostic problems. However, rare clinicopathological features can occur, and clinicians without significant experience may have difficulty diagnosing these tumours and managing these patients.MethodsHerein, we report a case of endometrial stromal sarcoma that occurred in a 25‐year‐old woman. The pathological features, immunophenotype, treatment and prognosis were discussed.ResultsThe tumour revealed morphological heterogeneity, and there were similar proliferative‐type endometrial stromal cells, an extensive amount of mature adipose tissue, and prominent rhabdomyoblastic and smooth muscle cells. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with smooth muscle, adipocytic and rhabdomyoblastic differentiation (approximately 60% were differentiated tissues). The final treatment of the tumour was total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. There was no evidence of recurrence for 109 months postoperatively.ConclusionsWe found that low‐grade endometrial stromal tumours with extensive adipocytic and prominent rhabdomyoblastic differentiation are misdiagnosed because they are infrequent. They must be differentiated from rhabdomyosarcoma with accurate identification of adipocytes, and long‐term follow‐up is needed.
Ridge cropping and furrow irrigation pattern improved spring maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water productivity in Hetao irrigation area of north‐western China
Authors: Liu Pengzhao , Zhang Ting , Zhang Fengyun , Ren Xiaolong , Chen Xiaoli , Zhao Xining 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproving irrigation water productivity is vital for sustaining high maize yield in Hetao irrigated area of northwest China. Whether ridge cropping and furrow irrigation systems (planting both on ridges and in furrows) fulfill water‐saving and maize yield‐increasing is unclear. A 2‐year trial was conducted to reveal the influence of irrigation with three levels (270, 225, 180 mm, represented as I270, I225, I180, respectively) under two planting systems [traditional flat planting system (TFI) and ridge cropping and furrow irrigation system (RFI)] on maize growth, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IUE).RESULTSRFI system increased soil water storage in 0–100 cm layer (P < 0.05), but did not cause excess water consumption, compared to TFI system. Logistic equation simulation showed that RFI system advanced the time of maximum dry matter growth rate (Tmax, 2.6–4.9 days) and prolonged the duration of dry matter accumulation (Td, 3.2–4.7 days), ultimately obtained a 4.2–9.5% improvement of dry matter. Compared with TFI system, RFI system increased WUE by 8.0–21.2%, IUE by 8.3–20.5% and grain yield increased by 9.4–21.4%. RFI225 satisfied water‐saving by 16.6% and yield‐increasing by 3.6–14.7%.CONCLUSIONRidge cropping and furrow irrigation systems brought an improvement of soil water storage and dry matter accumulation and kernel per spike, and ultimately obtained an increase of grain yield and water productivity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biogeochemical niches and trophic plasticity of shallow and mesophotic corals recovering from mass bleaching
Authors: Radice Veronica Z. , Fry Brian , Brown Kristen T. , Dove Sophie , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe differential survival of corals and their recovery from oceanic thermal stress is related not only to coral bleaching susceptibility but also physiological plasticity including trophic strategy. We investigated post‐bleaching event recovery of three morphologically diverse, reef‐building coral species from shallow (10 m) and mesophotic (30 m) reefs across the Maldives archipelago. Trophic plasticity was evaluated by carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotopes of coral hosts and their algal symbionts including isotopic niche position and size. Seawater temperatures recorded before, during, and after the mass coral bleaching event revealed significant thermal stress in both shallow and mesophotic reefs although cumulative warming appeared lower in mesophotic reefs (9.0 vs. 5.9 degree heating weeks, respectively). Ten months following thermal stress, increased nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values in all three coral host species without concurrent changes in water column δ15N indicated enhanced heterotrophic feeding during thermal stress and/or recovery. Host C:N decreased in all species post‐bleaching event while host carbon content (%C) decreased in shallow, more autotrophic populations of two species, suggesting prolonged stress. Host carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values were lower in mesophotic, more heterotrophic populations of two species compared to shallow counterparts. Biogeochemical and isotopic niches both showed different niche specialization among the three species. Consistent shifts in host isotopic niche positions support a conserved host response mechanism (heterotrophy) to oceanic thermal stress, but shallow and mesophotic corals still had not fully recovered almost one year after the bleaching event.
Regularization and tempering for a moment‐matching localized particle filter
Authors: Poterjoy Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIterative ensemble filters and smoothers are now commonly used for geophysical models. Some of these methods rely on a factorization of the observation likelihood function to sample from a posterior density through a set of “tempered” transitions to ensemble members. For Gaussian‐based data assimilation methods, tangent linear versions of nonlinear operators can be relinearized between iterations, thus leading to a solution that is less biased than a single‐step approach. This study adopts similar iterative strategies for a localized particle filter (PF) that relies on the estimation of moments to adjust unobserved variables based on importance weights. This approach builds off a “regularization” of the local PF, which forces weights to be more uniform through heuristic means. The regularization then leads to an adaptive tempering, which can also be combined with filter updates from parametric methods, such as ensemble Kalman filters. The role of iterations is analyzed by deriving the localized posterior probability density assumed by current local PF formulations and then examining how single‐step and tempered PFs sample from this density. From experiments performed with a low‐dimensional nonlinear system, the iterative and hybrid strategies show the largest benefits in observation‐sparse regimes, where only a few particles contain high likelihoods and prior errors are non‐Gaussian. This regime mimics specific applications in numerical weather prediction, where small ensemble sizes, unresolved model error, and highly nonlinear dynamics lead to prior uncertainty that is larger than measurement uncertainty.
Evaluation of excavation motion sequence for hydraulic excavators based on extraction of excavation style and phase
Authors: Sato Motoki , Tsunano Yuta , Sano Katsuya , Warisawa Shin'ichi , Aizawa Masanori , Nishimura Kiwa , Fukui Rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent times, research on highly efficient construction has gained increasing popularity. During construction with hydraulic excavators, the sequence of excavation motions significantly affects the duration and precision of the work; therefore, it should be as efficient as possible. Because automation is still difficult, the ability improvement support system of nonskilled operators is required. However, currently, there exists no effective method for evaluating or planning the excavation motion sequence. This study proposes a method for evaluating excavation motion sequences based on a pattern recognition technique. First, the data array of hydraulic excavator motions is divided into unit excavation motions, characterized using a clustering method. Second, the patterns are divided into excavation phases with similar excavation motion patterns. Finally, the excavation motion sequence is evaluated by calculating the transition frequency between excavation phases. The result shows that the proposed approach can classify the skill level of the operator with accuracy of 0.8. Therefore, the frequency of excavation phase transitions can be used as a useful indicator for evaluating excavation motion sequences.
Straightforward Synthesis of Functionalized 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazines – Important Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Bozhanov Vladimir I. , Bohdan Dmytro P. , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Silin Aleksey V. , Zaremba Oleg V. , Avramenko Mykola M. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Gavrilenko Konstantin S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA set of building blocks based on the 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine scaffold is synthesized in a multigram scale in a cost‐efficient manner. The possibility of the introduction of different substituents, neutral or functionalized in different positions of pyrazole and/or piperazine rings, is shown. The efficacy of using NH‐pyrazole carbonic acids as a key intermediate of the process is demonstrated. The regioselectivity for direct insertion of the substituent to the 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine core is discussed. The synthetic perspectives for using the functionalized 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine as a bifunctional scaffold is discussed. The utilizing of building blocks obtained for the different region‐ and/or stereoselective synthesis, including sole transformations or modifications of functional groups, is demonstrated. The advantages of the proposed approach are proven compared with the other known methodologies.
Development and Dental Applications of Spiro Expanding Monomers as Antishrinkage Additives
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Wang Zonghua , Yao Shuo , Zhou Chuanjian , Wu Junling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVolumetric shrinkage is one of the main reasons cited for the failures and shortening the clinically useful life span of contemporary dental restorations. Owing to the compact and relatively more flexible cyclic structures, expanding monomers (EMs) have demonstrated essentially zero shrinkage or expansion upon polymerization. This article reviews recent studies on the new low shrinkage dental resin with spiro EMs as antishrinkage additives. This includes the most prominent classes of EMs, namely, spiroorthoesters, spiroorthocarbonates and bicycloorthoesters, along with the mechanism of expansion polymerization. A brief introduction of the development of copolymerization mechanism between EMs and dental resin is given, followed by an introduction to the cutting‐edge development and application of EMs with different side chain groups in dental materials. Furthermore, the effect of low‐shrinkage resin modified by EMs on the mechanical and biological properties was found to be within an acceptable range. The dental resins modified by spiro EMs can avoid adverse impact from the volumetric shrinkage of polymers during curing. They are materials with great potential for a variety of biomedical and clinical applications and provide guidance for the synthesis of new low shrinkage dental resin materials with good mechanical properties.
Application of artificial intelligence methods in the school educational process
Authors: Kataev Michael , Bulysheva Larisa , Mosiaev Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the factors affecting quality of school educational process. It describes the application of artificial intelligence approaches (neural networks) into the educational process. The analysis of methods for tracking changes in the position of the head while studying at school or at home is presented. The results obtained make it possible to evaluate the psycho‐physiological, psycho‐emotional state of primary school students in the process of interacting with a computer when performing educational tasks. The goal is to create computer tools that monitors changes in head position using images from a laptop or tablet digital camera. This article presents the stages of developing a neural network for assessing head turns when performing a school assignment and the results of applying the program. A new tool is proposed for assessing the state of a student in the learning process, to determine the ability to perceive different types of educational information.
Quantitative and rapid quality assessment methods for the multi‐class bioactive constituents of Tinospora cordifolia using high‐performance liquid and thin layer chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry characterization
Authors: Girme Aboli , Saste Ganesh , Singh Ruchi , Mirgal Amit , Ingavale Rajnita , Balasubramaniam Arun Kumar , Ghoshal Sautik , Ghule Chetana , Patel Saurabh , Verma Mahendra Kumar , Maurya Rakesh , Hingorani Lal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTinospora cordifolia is an important traditional botanical medicine used as an immunomodulator with diversified therapeutic potential. The present study used the systematic isolated Tinospora cordifolia compounds (tinosporide, 8‐hydroxy tinosporide, tinosporaside, cordifolioside A, 20‐β‐hydroxy ecdysone, and columbin) with four alkaloids (syringin, magnoflorine, tetrahydropalmatine, and jatrorrhizine) to develop and validate a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of these multi‐class bioactive. This novel method showed good specificity with excellent linearity (r2 > 0.99), precision (relative standard deviation < 5.0%), and robust and accurate performance (93.68–99.76%) for 10 Tinospora cordifolia compounds as an effective strategy for quantification using the single and multi‐class standards approach. The rapid marker‐based qualitative high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography methods were also developed to analyze samples as a visual quality control tool.These methods were first applied to analyze 15 Tinospora cordifolia samples using the external standard method. By analyzing the results based on the multi‐class (%relative error 2.19–10.56) and single standard (%relative error 25.00–70.50) approach, the multi‐class standard assessment can be effectively adapted for Tinospora cordifolia samples. The quantitative‐qualitative analysis was further confirmed with mass spectroscopy characterization. This multi‐faceted analytical approach provides a unique solution for fingerprint, quality assurance, and identification of Tinospora cordifolia with tinosporide, 8‐hydroxy tinosporide, and tinosporaside as an authenticated marker.
Safety, target engagement, and biomarker effects of bosutinib in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Pagan Fernando L. , Torres‐Yaghi Yasar , Hebron Michaeline L. , Wilmarth Barbara , Turner R. Scott , Matar Sara , Ferrante Dalila , Ahn Jaeil , Moussa Charbel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionBosutinib, a dual Abelson/Src inhibitor, was investigated in individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsA single site, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of the effects of oral bosutinib, 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks on primary safety and pharmacokinetics and secondary biomarker outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐six participants were randomized and included male and female (12:1) in the bosutinib arm and all male (13) in the placebo arm. The average age was 72.9 ± 8.1 (year ± standard deviation). There were no serious adverse events and no dropouts. Bosutinib was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and inhibited Abelson. Bosutinib reduced CSF alpha‐synuclein and dopamine catabolism.DiscussionBosutinib is safe and well tolerated and penetrates the blood–brain barrier to inhibit Abelson and reduce CSF alpha‐synuclein and dopamine catabolism, suggesting that bosutinib (100 mg) may be at or near the lowest effective dose in DLB. These results will guide adequately powered studies to determine the efficacy of a dose range of bosutinib and longer treatment in DLB.Highlights
Bosutinib is a dual Abl/Src inhibitor that penetrates the blood brain barrier
Bosutinib is safe and tolerated in individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies
Bosutinib engages its target via inhibition of Abl and Src
Bosutinib reduces CSF alpha‐synuclein and attenuates breakdown of dopamine
Bosutinib improves activities of daily living in dementia with Lewy bodies
Transport of persistent organic pollutants: Another effect of microplastic pollution?
Authors: Gateuille David , Naffrechoux Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, the number of studies examining the presence and effects of microplastics in the environment has drastically increased. Works seeking to identify these particles have proven beyond doubt that microplastics constitute a generalized pollution affecting all environmental compartments, from inside air to arctic snows. Studies on their potential ecotoxicological impacts were more nuanced but many have shown deleterious effects when these microplastics were associated with persistent organic pollutants. This primer mainly focuses on POP sorption and transport by microplastics in the aquatic environment and the possible toxic effects that result from it. Indeed, the associations between microplastics and persistent organic pollutants are very common in the environment. If the mechanisms of interactions are well known, they depend on many factors and their significance in the environment can be very variable in time and space. Indeed, these interactions depend on both the plastic particle (polymer type, crystallinity, particle size, shape, specific area, and functional groups/polarity) and the pollutant (hydrophobicity, functional groups) but also environmental factors (microorganism population, salinity/ionic strength, pH, dissolved organic matter concentration, and temperature). Changes in the interactions between pollutants and microplastics can result in pollutant release in the aquatic environment and potential toxic effects. However, apart from specific situations, the role of microplastics as local source of exogenous molecules (PAHs, PCBs, etc.) is rarely significant because the limited amounts of involved pollutants. It is much less negligible for endogenous chemicals that enter into the initial composition of the plastic (phthalates, biocides, etc.).This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water Quality