bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of HIF‐1α contributes to complement activation in transplantation‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Qi Jiaqian , Pan Tingting , You Tao , Tang Yaqiong , Chu Tiantian , Chen Jia , Fan Yi , Hu Shuhong , Yang Fei , Ruan Changgeng , Wu Depei , Han Yue 
Published: July 2022

SummaryTransplantation‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is a severe complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Complement activation is involved in the development of TA‐TMA. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, 21 samples of TA‐TMA and 1:1 matched controls were measured for hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and complement protein. The mechanism was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that levels of HIF‐1α were significantly higher in TA‐TMA patients than that in non‐TA‐TMA controls. Upregulation of HIF‐1α induced an increase in membrane‐bound complement C3 and dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Increasing HIF‐1α in vivo led to C3 and C5b‐9 deposition in the glomerular endothelial capillary complex, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in wild‐type (WT) but not in C3−/− mice subjected to HSCT. High platelet aggregation in peripheral blood and CD41‐positive microthrombi in the kidney were also found in dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG)‐treated mice, recapitulating the TA‐TMA phenotype seen in patients. Comprehensive analysis, including DNA array, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐seq, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revealed that HIF‐1α interacted with the promoter of complement factor H (CFH) to inhibit its transcription. Decreased CFH led to complement activation in endothelial cells.
Linking small‐scale fisheries co‐management to U.N. Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Smallhorn‐West Patrick , Cohen Philippa J. , Phillips Michael , Jupiter Stacy D. , Govan Hugh , Pressey Robert L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries account for 90% of global fishers and 40% of the global catch. Effectively managing small‐scale fisheries is, therefore, crucial to progressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Co‐management and community‐based fisheries management are widely considered the most appropriate forms of governance for many small‐scale fisheries. We outlined relationships between small‐scale fisheries co‐management and attainment of the SDGs, including evidence for impacts and gaps in dominant logic. We identified 11 targets across five SDGs to which small‐scale fisheries co‐management (including community‐based fisheries management) can contribute; the theory of change by which these contributions could be achieved; and the strength of evidence for progress toward SDG targets related to various co‐management strategies. Our theory of change links the 11 SDG targets by qualifying that progress toward some targets is contingent on others being achieved first. We then reviewed 58 case studies of co‐management impacts from the Pacific Islands––a region rich in local marine governance––to evaluate evidence of where, to what degree, and with how much certainty different co‐management strategies conferred positive impacts to each SDG target. These strategies included access restrictions, permanent area closures, periodic closures, and gear and species restrictions. Although many studies provide evidence linking multiple co‐management strategies to improvements in resource status (SDG 14.4), there was limited evidence of follow‐on effects, such as improvements in catch (SDG 2.3, 2.4), livelihoods (SDG 1.2), consumption (SDG 2.1), and nutrition (SDG 2.2). Our findings suggest that leaps of logic and assumptions are prevalent in co‐management planning and evaluation. Hence, when evaluating co‐management impacts against the SDGs, consideration of ultimate goals is required, otherwise, there is a risk of shortfalls between aspirations and impact.
The additive value of patch testing non‐commercial test substances and patients' own products in a clinic of occupational dermatology
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Pesonen Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommercial patch test substances do not cover all occupational contact allergens. Workplace materials and in‐house test substances are tested to complement the investigation of occupational skin disease (OSD).ObjectivesTo quantify the additional value of testing workplace materials and non‐commercial in‐house test substances in the diagnosis of OSD.Materials and MethodsPatients files of 544 patients patch tested at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2015–2019 were reviewed for occupation, diagnoses and patch test results.ResultsOSD was diagnosed in 353 (64.9%) of the patients. A total of 206 (37.9%) patients had occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). In 19 (3.5%) patients, the only clues to the diagnoses of OACD were positive reactions to workplace materials, and in 20 (3.7%) patients, the diagnosis of OACD was based on commercially unavailable test substances. In 167 OACD cases diagnosed by commercial test substances, additional causes were found in 17 by testing patients' own and non‐commercial test substances. In 43 (7.9%) cases, positive reactions to workplace materials reinforced diagnoses based on commercial test substances. The overall additive value of testing own products was 16.7% (91 cases).ConclusionWe would have missed 39 (18.9%) of our 206 OACD cases if we had solely used commercial test substances.
Accessibility and Inclusion for Families with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Cultural Institutions
Authors: Hladik Libby , Meyer Robin , Allen Scott , BONNICI Sandra , Froelke Nicole A. , Romaniak Holly , Ougayour Yasmeena , Nelson Nicole , Alkhamees Abdullah K. , Davis Heather , Ausderau Karla K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis project aimed to develop a comprehensive set of evaluation tools to assess the accessibility and inclusion of families with children on the autism spectrum in cultural institutions. A stakeholder team conducted interviews, reviewed museum artifacts, and observed museum programming. An evaluation toolkit was constructed by incorporating best practices from current literature and collected data. Tools were piloted and revised after being implemented in the museum context. The Toolkit to Increase Accessibility and Inclusion for Children on the Autism Spectrum and with Sensory Processing Differences in Cultural Institutions was developed with five unique tools, the Dimensions of Accessibility framework, and further resources to provide a self‐assessment of cultural institutions. The toolkit can be used broadly across many types of institutions and self‐assessment can lead to proactive development of public spaces, institutions, and programming that is accessible and inclusive of diverse groups of people, beyond families with children on the autism spectrum.
Assisting hand use and self‐care bimanual performance of children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Brandão Marina B. , Coster Wendy J. , Figueiredo Priscilla R. P. , Amaral Maíra F. , Gordon Andrew M. , Mancini Marisa C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between assisting hand use in bimanual activities and children's self‐care activities and task performance.MethodWe retrospectively analysed daily functioning (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory [PEDI]) and bimanual performance (Assisting Hand Assessment [AHA]) data from the assessment of 112 children (mean age: 8 years 10 months [SD 2 years 1 month], range 3 years 7 months–17 years 4 months; 66 males, 46 females) with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). We used Rasch analysis to examine the relationship between individual item scores from the AHA and the self‐care items (functional skills, caregiver assistance) from the PEDI.ResultsMost self‐care functional skills and caregiver‐assisted tasks were located on the middle of the unidimensional continuum. These items showed similar levels of difficulty as the items from the AHA related to the effective coordination of two hands, appropriate pace, and use of the assisting hand to stabilize and release objects, as well as variations in arm movements.InterpretationThe distribution of the PEDI self‐care and AHA items along the unidimensional continuum illustrates the relationship between assisting hand use and self‐care bimanual performance. Interpretation of the items' locations on the hierarchical unidimensional continuum may be helpful to therapists' clinical reasoning and suggest intervention goals to improve the hand function and daily functioning of children with unilateral spastic CP. Such an application needs further investigation.
Management of haemophilia A with inhibitors: A regional cross‐talk
Authors: Peyvandi Flora , Kavakli Kaan , El‐Beshlawy Amal , Rangarajan Savita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe development of inhibitors with factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy is one of the most common and challenging complications of haemophilia A (HA) treatment, jeopardising treatment efficacy and predisposing patients to high risks of morbidity and mortality. The management of patients with inhibitors is particularly challenging in countries where resources are limited.AimTo provide a comprehensive summary of the management of HA with inhibitors while focusing on differences in practice between Western and non‐Western countries and how resource scarcity can impact HA management, leading to suboptimal outcomes in patients with inhibitors.MethodsSummary of key evidence and regional expert opinion.ResultsWe address, particularly, the diagnosis of and testing for inhibitors, as well as the epidemiology of inhibitors, including incidence, prevalence and disease burden. Secondly, we provide an overview of the current treatment landscape in HA with inhibitors regarding the eradication of inhibitors with immune tolerance induction and the treatment and prevention of bleeding with bypassing agents, non‐factor replacement agents and other experimental therapies. This is complemented with insights from the authors around the applicability of, and challenges associated with, such therapies in their settings of practice.ConclusionsWe conclude by proposing some key steps towards bridging the gaps in the management of HA with inhibitors in resource‐limited countries, including: (1) the collection of quality data that can inform healthcare reforms and policies; (2) improving disease knowledge among healthcare practitioners and patients with the aim of standardising disease management across centres and (3) working towards promoting equal access to HA care and therapies for everyone.
Computed tomography‐guided radiofrequency ablation of cervical intervertebral discs for the treatment of refractory cervicogenic headache: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Hu Jia‐Qi , Zhang Juan , Ru Bin , Cai Wen‐Jun , Liu Wen‐Long , Guo Ran , Ji Zhong‐Wei , Wan Quan , Xu Lang‐Hai , Cheng Yan , Zhang Jie , Li Shun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of cervical intervertebral discs for the treatment of discogenic cervicogenic headache (CEH).BackgroundSome patients with CEH experience no obvious therapeutic effect after conventional therapy, particularly patients with refractory CEH originating from abnormal cervical intervertebral discs. Treatment for this type of CEH remains poorly characterized.MethodsUsing a single intervention arm, pretest/posttest design, we retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent CT‐guided RFA of cervical intervertebral discs for CEH at the Pain Medicine Center of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2017 to April 2021. If conservative treatment failed in patients with discogenic CEH, we classified the patients as having refractory CEH and performed RFA of cervical intervertebral discs. We used a numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity for 6 months. We also compared therapeutic outcome of patients with different characteristics.ResultsA total of 44 patients who underwent CT‐guided RFA of cervical intervertebral discs were enrolled and 41 of them were analyzed in the present study. The preoperative median (25th, 75th) NRS score was 4 (4, 5), and it was significantly reduced to 1 (0, 4) 6 months after RFA (p < 0.001). The number of patients with ≥50% of their pain relieved after 6 months was 28 of 41 (68%). No serious treatment‐related complications occurred in this study. Compared with single‐level RFA, multi‐level RFA shows greater effects on pain intensity reduction (p = 0.032) and pain relief rate (p = 0.047) of patients.ConclusionIn patients who have discogenic CEH, CT‐guided RFA of the cervical intervertebral discs appears to be a promising treatment with no serious complications.
Urbanisation dampens the latitude‐diversity cline in ants
Authors: Perez Abe , Chick Lacy , Menke Sean , Lessard Jean‐Philippe , Sanders Nathan , Del Toro Israel , Meldgaard Niklas Sundebo , Diamond Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The increase in species diversity from temperate to tropical regions is one of the most widespread patterns in biogeography. As humans continue to drastically modify natural habitats, land‐use changes such as the development of cities could potentially alter typical latitudinal diversity gradients. Cities could depress or enhance biodiversity through filtering, localised extirpations, or increasing niche availability, respectively.
To address these possibilities and the consequences for the latitudinal diversity gradient, we constructed a global dataset of urban species diversity (richness) and community composition across ~60° of absolute latitude and from 63 cities. We focused our study on ants, for which comparable urban and non‐urban diversity data are broadly available.
We found that urbanisation significantly dampened the latitude‐diversity cline. The effects of urbanisation varied with latitude: at lower latitudes, cities were relatively species poor and harboured distinct ant communities relative to nearby non‐urban communities. In higher latitude cities, both species richness and community composition were more similar to the surrounding non‐urban ant communities.
Our analyses suggest that the strongest impacts of urbanisation on ant diversity may be in the tropics, where biological diversity is already expected to experience the greatest risk of extinction in the face of climate change.
The efficacy of combined immunotherapy with Propes and Inflamafertin in adult patients with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle and selective deficiency of NK and NKT cells
Authors: Maltsev Dmitry , Stefanyshyn Volodymyr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of combination immunotherapy with Propes and Inflamafertin in GDFC adults with natural killer (NK) and/or natural killer T‐lymphocyte (NKT) cell deficiency. This single‐centre, retrospective, controlled, non‐randomized clinical trial analysed medical records of 212 adult GDFC patients aged 19–50 years (study group [SG]). SG received Propes at a dose of 2 ml intramuscularly every other day at night for three consecutive months and Inflamafertin at a dose of 2 ml IM every other day at night for three consecutive months in rotation with Propes. The control group involved 34 patients with GDFC who followed the same age and gender distribution pattern but did not receive immunotherapy. The number of NK cells reached the lower limit of normal in 95 out of 131 patients (72% of cases) with baseline deficiency of these lymphocytes. The average number of NK cells in the blood of SG patients almost doubled during the 3‐month course of immunotherapy (P ˂ 0.05; Z ˂ Z0.05). However, it almost returned to initial levels 2 months following the discontinuation of the immunotherapeutic agents (P ˃ 0.05; Z ˃ Z0.05). Combination immunotherapy with Propes and Inflamafertin is an effective strategy for the treatment of immunodeficiency caused by GDFC in adult patients.
Gender differences in susceptibility to smoking among high school students
Authors: Santano‐Mogena Esperanza , Franco‐Antonio Cristina , Cordovilla‐Guardia Sergio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo analyse the degree of susceptibility to smoking according to gender in students between 12 and 16 years of age and study the role of factors associated with gender and the extended index of susceptibility to smoking.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsBetween November 2019 and March 2020, 12‐ to 16‐year‐old students were recruited from three educational centres in western Spain. Sociodemographic, environmental, social and personal variables were analysed. The value of the extended index of susceptibility to smoking was calculated, and the associations between the students' genders and smoking susceptibility were studied. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study associations between the independent variables and Expanded Susceptibility Index (ESSI) results. The roles of factors in this association were explored through mediation analysis.ResultsA total of 364 students participated in the study (53% females). A total of 79.3% of females and 61.4% of males presented a medium‐high level of the extended index of susceptibility. Females reported greater cigarette use (28% vs. 12.3%), hookah (19.9% vs 9.9%) and alcohol consumption (20.7% risk alcohol consumption). They obtained higher scores on the impulsivity scale in the urgency domain and the negative affect scale. Regardless of other factors, females showed more than double the smoking susceptibility (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.03–4.07, p = .041). Mediation analysis showed that gender had a total effect on the extended susceptibility index β = .023 (95% CI: 0.07–0.38, p = .01). The effect appeared to be mediated only by having smoking friends (0.08; 95% CI: 0.03–0.15, p = .001).ConclusionsThe greater susceptibility to smoking found in females may be related to a greater influence of smoking among friends.ImpactThese results show that smoking friends have a strong influence among adolescent females; therefore, developing preventive programmes with gender approaches aimed at reducing the influence of these environmental factors would be of interest.
Empowering interventions for people living with dementia: A European survey
Authors: van Corven Charlotte T. M. , Bielderman Annemiek , Diaz Ponce Ana , Gove Dianne , Georges Jean , Graff Maud J. L. , Gerritsen Debby L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsWe aim to identify existing empowerment interventions for people living with dementia and to explore which used interventions and projects are considered empowering and why.DesignThis was an online survey.MethodsWe conducted an online survey between May 2018 and July 2018 amongst professionals interested in dementia care in Europe. Interventions were clustered within the ecological model for health promotion. Reasons from respondents as to why they considered interventions to be empowering were analysed and structured according to a recently developed conceptual framework of empowerment for people living with dementia.ResultsSeventy‐three respondents from 23 countries together mentioned 98 interventions or projects, of which 90 were unique. Interventions focused on the (inter)personal (n = 54), organizational (n = 15), communal (n = 6) and societal (n = 15) levels. A broad range of interventions were considered empowering, but no interventions were specifically developed for, nor aimed at, empowerment. Reasons as to why respondents considered these interventions as empowering fitted the framework's domains.ConclusionThis European survey provides insights into interventions considered empowering for people living with dementia. An important step that needs to be taken is to develop and test interventions that specifically aim to promote empowerment for people living with dementia.ImpactEmpowerment may encourage people with dementia to live the life they choose, and focus on what is possible, instead of what is no longer possible. Many interventions are considered as empowering for people living with dementia, however no interventions could be identified that were specifically developed for or aimed at empowerment. This study shows that for promoting empowerment, it is necessary to develop and test interventions that specifically aim for empowerment, do this in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, and in this way support people living with dementia to live according to their competencies, talents and wishes.
The New Trolley Problem: Driverless Cars and Deontological Distinctions
Authors: Woollard Fiona 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTDiscussion of the ethics of driverless cars has often focused on supposed real‐life versions of the famous trolley problem. In these cases, a driverless car is in a position where crashing is unavoidable and all possible crashes risk harm: for example, it can either continue on its current path and crash into five pedestrians or swerve and crash into one pedestrian. There are significant disanalogies between the human versions of the trolley problem and situations faced by driverless cars which affect the application and moral significance of key deontological distinctions, such as the distinction between doing and allowing harm. The application and moral significance of the doing/allowing distinction in the context of the behaviour of driverless cars depend on (a) our conception of the behaviour of driverless cars; (b) the forms of driverless cars that are developed and used; (c) the background expectations of programmers/manufacturers/owners of driverless cars and the conditions of being able to put those cars on the roads. These are as yet unsettled – and may even be undetermined. Nonetheless, trolley problems may still be useful in thinking about the ethics of driverless cars.
Shareholder election of CSR committee members and its effects on CSR performance
Authors: Khoo Eunice S. , Chen Li , Monroe Gary S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine the election of directors to corporate social responsibility (CSR) committees and whether shareholder votes influence CSR committee effectiveness. Our study is motivated by the importance that shareholders place on CSR and the responsibilities of the board in overseeing a firm's CSR practices. We find that CSR committee members receive greater shareholder support than other directors. We further find that among CSR committee members, those who are more experienced and skilled receive greater shareholder support. Furthermore, when a firm's CSR performance is poorer (better), CSR committee members receive lower (greater) shareholder support compared with other directors. Finally, we find that through voting, shareholders can increase the efficacy of the CSR committee, leading to improvements in CSR committee structure and performance. Overall, our results suggest that shareholders value the services and expertise of CSR committee members and hold them accountable for CSR performance. Shareholder votes are also effective in enhancing CSR performance.