bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of COVID‐19 Among Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A General Population Study
Authors: Li Hui , Wallace Zachary S. , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Lu Na , Wei Jie , Xie Dongxing , Wang Yilun , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at higher risks for SARS–CoV‐2 infection and its severe outcomes before and after COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsUsing a UK primary care database, we conducted 2 cohort studies to compare the risks of SARS–CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID‐19 between patients with RA and the general population according to their COVID‐19 vaccination status. We used exposure score overlap weighting to balance baseline characteristics between 2 comparison cohorts.ResultsAmong unvaccinated individuals, the weighted incidence rates of SARS–CoV‐2 infection (9.21 versus 8.16 of 1,000 person‐months), hospitalization (3.46 versus 2.14 of 1,000 person‐months), and death (1.19 versus 0.62 of 1,000 person‐months) were higher among patients with RA than the general population over 3 months of follow‐up; the corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.00–1.24), 1.62 (95% CI 1.34–1.96), and 1.88 (95% CI 1.37–2.60), respectively. Among vaccinated individuals, the weighted rates of breakthrough infection (4.17 versus 3.96 of 1,000 person‐months; HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.00–1.20]) and hospitalization (0.42 versus 0.32 of 1,000 person‐months; HR 1.29 [95% CI 0.96–1.75]) were higher among patients with RA than the general population over 9 months of follow‐up; however, no apparent difference in the risk of these outcomes was observed over 3 and 6 months of follow‐up between 2 comparison cohorts.ConclusionPatients with RA are still at higher risks of SARS–CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 hospitalization than the general population after receiving COVID‐19 vaccines. These findings support booster COVID‐19 vaccinations and adherence of other preventive strategies among patients with RA.
Multi‐Responsive Jammed Micro‐Gels Ink: Toward Control over the Resolution and the Stability of 3D Printed Scaffolds
Authors: Es Sayed Julien , Khoonkari Mohammad , Oggioni Marta , Perrin Patrick , Sanson Nicolas , Kamperman Marleen , Włodarczyk‐Biegun Małgorzata Katarzyna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract3D printing of hydrogels usually relies on a combination of fine‐tuned material chemistry and polymer chain architecture to obtain an ink with adequate yield‐stress flow, shear‐thinning, and self‐healing behavior. Recent approaches in hydrogel ink design include introduction of reversible covalent or supramolecular bonds or jamming of microparticles into a granular hydrogel. However, the dimensional stability of such systems is typically afforded by a post‐printing covalent cross‐linking step that impedes further on‐demand degradation of the scaffolds. Here, a jammed micro‐gels ink made of thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) micro‐gels incorporating terpyridine ligand linkers are proposed as a 3D printable ink that is cured post‐printing by iron (II) cations for long‐term stabilization. The uncross‐linked micro‐gels ink exhibits the rheological characteristics of granular materials, meaning yield‐stress, shear‐thinning and fast recovery. Upon curing, iron (II)‐bis‐terpyridine coordination complexes between neighboring micro‐gels are formed. The supramolecular bonds are sufficiently strong and long‐lived to maintain scaffold integrity during manual handling or immersion in liquid medium for over two months. The thermosensitivity of the micro‐gels endows the printed construct with reversible and cyclable temperature‐induced resolution enhancement, while the supramolecular cross‐linking provides an asset of disintegration on‐demand. The proposed micro‐gel scaffolds are biocompatible, revealing the potential for biomedical applications and 4D bioprinting.
A New Strategy of Coupling Pyroelectric and Piezoelectric Effects for Photoresponse Enhancement of a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Heterojunction Photodetector
Authors: Liu Jihong , Liang Zidong , Chen Jingwei , Wang Shufang , Pan Caofeng , Qiao Shuang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPyro/piezoelectric effects are thought as essential ways to modulate photoresponses of optoelectronic devices, but the pyro/piezoelectric materials usually function as photoactive or fundamental band matching layers. In this manuscript, a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) multilayer heterojunction of Glass/Mo/CIGS/CdS/ZnO nanowire/ITO is prepared as a self‐powered photodetector (PD). The PD exhibits excellent performances in 405 to 1064 nm with maximum responsivity (R) of 0.455 A W−1, and detectivity (D) of 7.22 × 1011 Jones at zero bias. More importantly, the temperature variation‐induced pyroelectric field in the non‐photoactive ZnO layer is demonstrated to facilitate the transport of carriers. After introducing the pyroelectric effect, the responsivity (R) and detectivity (D) are largely increased to 4.92 A W−1 and 7.81 × 1012 Jones, respectively, and an ultrafast response time of 67.13/78.57 µs is obtained. Meanwhile, the response wavelength is extended to 1550 nm, which is far beyond the spectral limitation of the heterojunction. Besides, the piezoelectric effect of the ZnO nanowire can further optimize the band alignment and then boost the photovoltaic and pyroelectric responses. Owning to the favorable three‐synergistic mechanisms, the best R of 7.22 A W−1 and D of 1.17 × 1013 Jones are observed, which are enhanced by 1586.8% and 1620.5%, respectively, and the response time is also shortened to 50.17/60.65 µs.
3D‐Bioassembly of VH‐Spheroids for Cartilage Regeneration: in Vitro Evaluation of Chondrogenesis, Fusion and Lateral Integration
Authors: Veenendaal Laura , Longoni Alessia , Hooper Gary J. , Lim Khoon S. , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Lindberg Gabriella C. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLateral integration and fusion of cartilage tissue interfaces remain significantly challenging and limits success of cartilage tissue engineering (TE) strategies. In this study, self‐assembled vitreous humor (VH) spheroids are fabricated by seeding clinically relevant human articular chondrocytes (hACs) or human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in four VH hydrogels with different glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and protein content. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the VH spheroids revealed that hAC‐VH spheroids are dependent on the initial GAG content of VH hydrogels to achieve successful chondrogenesis. Remarkably, uniform GAG and collagen type II distribution is found in all hMSC‐VH spheroids, independent of the VH donor. HMSC‐VH spheroids are therefore further evaluated for downstream applications by tracking cellular migration, and evaluating neotissue formation at the tissue‐tissue interface of cartilage spheroids 3D‐bioassembled into an in vitro fusion model to asses fusion and integration. hMSC‐VH spheroids enhanced multidirectional cellular migration of both hACs and hMSCs toward the tissue‐tissue interface, and consequently supported dense GAG and collagen type II deposition at the integration region. Ultimately, hMSC‐seeded VH spheroids display successful chondrogenesis and endorse fusion and integration of cartilage tissue interfaces through upregulated cellular migration of clinically relevant cell sources – key elements for clinical translation of cell‐based TE strategies.
Intrinsically Conductive Liquid Metal‐Elastomer Composites for Stretchable and Flexible Electronics
Authors: Schlingman Kory , D'Amaral Gloria M. , Carmichael R. Stephen , Carmichael Tricia Breen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiquid metal‐embedded elastomers (LMEEs) are a class of deformable composites made of particles of liquid metal dispersed in an elastomeric matrix. Although these composites possess high thermal conductivity, they are not intrinsically electrically conductive unless a stimulus is applied to join the liquid metal inclusions into a conductive pathway. LMEEs with intrinsic conductivity, especially with a conductive surface, have great potential uses in flexible and stretchable electronics as soft, nondamaging contacts for device characterization, stretchable interconnects for deformable circuits, and as a “soft solder” to electrically connect devices to flexible and stretchable substrates. Here, a simple process is introduced to fabricate intrinsically conductive LMEEs (iLMEEs) with conductive surfaces through the sedimentation of microparticles of eutectic gallium‐indium alloy (EGaIn) in the elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane). During this sedimentation process, an EGaIn‐rich 3D percolation network forms at the bottom surface. The resulting iLMEE possesses a conductive surface comprising a mosaic of EGaIn particles embedded in PDMS, with a low sheet resistance of 0.63 ± 0.04 Ω sq–1. iLMEE is soft, stretchable, and exhibits stable conductivity to 100% strain. We demonstrate the use of iLMEE as nondamaging, reusable soft electrical contact probes and as mechanically robust electrical connections between light‐emitting devices and flexible plastic substrates.
Development of Reflow Fill of CGeSbTe Films for Sub‐20 nm Cells in 3D Cross‐Point Memory
Authors: Park Jeonghee , Wu Zhe , Park Jiho , Kim Jonguk , Kuh Bongjin , Lee Jongmyeong , Hwang Seungwoo , Han Seungwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo obtain reliable and scalable cells in 3D cross‐point memory, endurance failures caused by voiding from etching damage to memory cells should be resolved to preserve the properties of GeSbTe (GST) phase‐change materials. Herein, the fabrication of a damascene cell without patterning, which relies on the bottom‐up fill of carbon‐doped GST layers into confined cells, is proposed as a promising solution. The reflow fill of the sputtered carbon‐doped GST films into confined cells at high‐temperature and low‐power conditions is demonstrated, and a mechanism in which Sb and Te transfer into the cell through vapor transfer and viscous flow due to capillary pressure is verified. The aspect ratio increases from 2 to 7.7 under enhanced vaporization of Sb and Te as well as the capillary force. The advanced reflow‐fill process using a laser can overcome the limit of the conventional reflow‐fill technology by increasing the atomic mobility above the melting temperature. Based on the proposed method, 19 nm cross‐point memory devices are successfully integrated together with the Ovonyx threshold switch and appropriate memory windows are secured. Furthermore, the 9 nm cells exhibit reliable endurance cycles over 108.
ε‐Ga2O3: An Emerging Wide Bandgap Piezoelectric Semiconductor for Application in Radio Frequency Resonators
Authors: Chen Zimin , Lu Xing , Tu Yujia , Chen Weiqu , Zhang Zhipeng , Cheng Shengliang , Chen Shujian , Luo Hongtai , He Zhiyuan , Pei Yanli , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe explosion of mobile data from the internet of things (IoT) is leading to the emergence of 5G technology with dramatic frequency band expansion and efficient band allocations. Along with this, the demand for high‐performance filters for 5G radio frequency (RF) front‐ends keeps growing. The most popular 5G filters are constructed by piezoelectric resonators based on AlN semiconductor. However, AlN possesses a piezoelectric constant d33 lower than 5 pm V−1 and it becomes necessary to develop novel semiconductors with larger piezoelectric constant. In this work, it is shown that strong piezoelectricity exists in ε‐Ga2O3. High‐quality phase‐pure ε‐Ga2O3 thin films with a relatively low residual stress are prepared. A switching spectroscopy piezoelectric force microscope (SS‐PFM) measurement is carried out and the piezoelectric constant d33 of ε‐Ga2O3 is determined to be ≈10.8–11.2 pm V−1, which is twice as large as that of AlN. For the first time, surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are demonstrated on the ε‐Ga2O3 thin films and different vibration modes resonating in the GHz range are observed. The results suggest that ε‐Ga2O3 is a great material candidate for application in piezoelectric devices, thanks to its wide bandgap, strong piezoelectric property, small acoustic impedance, and low residual stress.
N,S‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanobelts Embedded with MoS2 Nanosheets as a Self‐Standing Host for Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Binke , Cao Weishan , Wang Shuaize , Cao Zhenjiang , Shi Yongzheng , Niu Jin , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetallic Li is one of the most promising anodes for high‐energy secondary batteries. However, the enormous volume changes and severe dendrite formation during the Li plating/stripping process hinder the practical application of Li metal anodes (LMAs). We have developed a sulfate‐assisted strategy to synthesize a self‐standing host composed of N,S‐doped porous carbon nanobelts embedded with MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2@NSPCB) for use in LMAs. In situ measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that the uniformly distributed MoS2 derivatives within the carbon nanobelts serve as stable lithiophilic sites which effectively homogenize Li nucleation and suppress dendrite formation. In addition, the hierarchical porosity and 3D nanobelt networks ensure fast Li‐ion diffusion and accommodate the volume change of Li deposits during the plating/stripping process. As a result, a Li–Li symmetric cell using the MoS2@NSPCB host operates steadily over 1500 h with an ultralow voltage hysteresis (≈24.2 mV) at 3 mA cm−2/3 mAh cm−2. When paired with a LiFePO4 cathode, the current collector‐free LMA endows the full cell with a high energy density of 460 Wh kg−1 and good cycling performance (with a capacity retention of ≈70% even after 1600 cycles at 10 C).
High β‐phase Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Using a Thermally Decomposable Molecular Splint
Authors: Choi Jinwoo , Lee Kyuho , Lee Minhwan , Kim Taebin , Eom Sangwon , Sim Jae Hyun , Lee Won Bo , Kim YongJoo , Park Cheolmin , Kang Youngjong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn additive, 1,4‐butadiene sulfone (BDS), which generates H2SO3 by in situ thermal retro‐Diels‐Alder decompositions, is used for preparing high β‐phase polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films. Because of preferential multiple non‐covalent interactions of H2SO3 with all‐trans configuration of PVDF, β‐phase PVDF is spontaneously induced without mechanical drawing and/or extensive thermal annealing process. PVDF films cast from PVDF/BDS/water solutions exhibit high β‐phase content (fβ = 95%) when the BDS concentration is only cBDS = 1.0 wt%, which is confirmed by polarized optical microscopy (POM), SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scan calorimetry (DSC), and 2D grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS). Because of the high β‐phase content, PVDF films prepared by using BDS exhibit excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties (Ec = 50 MV/m, Pr = 5 µC/cm2, and d33 = ≈‐25 pm/V). Furthermore, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) developed with high β‐phase PVDF film exhibits enhanced performance as 2.5 times higher than neat PVDF film in output charge density, allowing reliable operation of conventional electronic devices.
Dual‐Gate Anti‐Ambipolar Transistor with Van der Waals ReS2/WSe2Heterojunction for Reconfigurable Logic Operations
Authors: Shingaya Yoshitaka , Zulkefli Amir , Iwasaki Takuya , Hayakawa Ryoma , Nakaharai Shu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wakayama Yutaka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA dual‐gate anti‐ambipolar transistor (AAT) with a two‐dimensional ReS2and WSe2heterojunction is developed. The characteristic Λ‐shaped transfer curves yielded by the bottom‐gate voltage are effectively controlled by the top‐gate voltage. This feature is applied to logic operations, with the bottom‐ and top‐gate voltages acting as two input signals and the drain current (Id) monitored as an output signal. Importantly, a single dual‐gate AAT exhibits all the two‐input logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR) under optimized input voltages. Additionally, drain voltage (Vd)‐induced switching between AND and OR logic operations is achieved. These features are advantageous for simplifying circuit design.
High carrier mobility and strong fluorescence emission: Toward highly sensitive single‐crystal organic phototransistors
Authors: Tao Jingwei , Liu Zhaoyang , Liu Dan , Dong Huanli , Jing Jiangbo , Song Jiaxing , Liu Leijing , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic single crystals (OSCs) offer a unique combination of both individual and collective properties of the employed molecules, but it remains highly challenging to achieve OSCs with both high mobilities and strong fluorescence emissions for their potential applications in multifunctional optoelectronics. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of two novel triphenylamine‐functionalized thienoacenes‐based organic semiconductors, 4,8‐distriphenylamineethynylbenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (4,8‐DTEBDT) and 2,6‐distriphenylamineethynylbenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (2,6‐DTEBDT), with high‐mobility and strong fluorescence emission. The two compounds show the maximum mobilities up to 0.25 and 0.06 cm2 V−1 s−1, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 51% and 45%, and the small binding energies down to 55.13 and 58.79 meV. The excellent electrical and optical properties ensured the application of 4,8‐DTEBDT and 2,6‐DTEBDT single crystals in ultrasensitive UV phototransistors, achieving high photoresponsivity of 9.60 × 105 and 6.43 × 104 A W−1, and detectivity exceeding 5.68 × 1017 and 2.99 × 1016 Jones.
Photocatalyst‐free, Visible Light‐mediated Paternò‐Büchi Reaction Between Dicarbonyl Compounds and Olefines
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wu Chunying , Zhou Huihui , Ma Yifan , Zhu Yunbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe communication describes a general Paternò‐Büchi reaction under mild conditions, which is featured with visible light‐mediation, catalyst‐free and a broad range of substrates comparing with other strategies. Having overcome the synthetic limitations the PB reaction faces, this practical protocol can be employed to prepare a variety of multisubstituted oxetanes that often appear serving as important scaffolds in natural products and drugs. The common white light, the sole driving force in this case, can directly excite the carbonyl compounds to reach its triplet state, which then attacks an alkenes to generate a diradical intermediate, resulting in the oxetanes in high diastereoselectivity.
Dynamics Reflect Gapless Edge Modes for Topological Superconductor
Authors: Zhao Xiaolong , Li Ming , Qiu Tianhui , Chen Libo , Ma Yulin , Ma Hongyang , Yi Xuexi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe dynamical feature for a p‐wave superconductor model in different parameter regions in terms of the appearance of topologically gapless edge modes in reel geometry is investigated. First, the parameter region with gapless edge modes versus a parameter and quasi‐momentum is shown. The parameter diagram can be reflected by the expectations of Pauli matrices in global manners. In another view, the dynamical feature of the excitation behave differently in the parameter regions with topological gapless edge modes and not. And the cusps of dynamical return rate vanish as the parameter pass the topological phase boundary slowly enough. It is found that the dynamics in the parameter region with gapless edge modes behaves differently to that without edge modes and related mostly to the eigenenergy gap between the pre‐and post‐quench eigenstates. The cusps of the dynamical return rate behave robustly against the noise occurs during evolution in the lattice until localization behavior dominates. This work benefits detecting topological edge modes by dynamical manners.
Taming Heavier Group 14 Imine Analogues: Accessing Tin Nitrogen [Sn=N] Double Bonds and their Cycloaddition/Metathesis Chemistry
Authors: Fischer Malte , Roy Matthew M. D. , Wales Lewis. L. , Ellwanger Mathias A. , McManus Caitilin , Roper Aisling F. , Heilmann Andreas , Aldridge Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA systematic study to access stable stannaimines is reported, by combining different heteroleptic stannylenes with a range of organic azides. The reactions of terphenyl‐/hypersilyl‐substituted stannylenes yield the putative tin nitrogen double bond, but is directly followed by 1,2‐silyl migration to give SnIIsystems featuring bulky silylamido ligands. By contrast, the transition from a two σ donor ligand set to a mixed σ‐donor/π‐donor scaffold allows access to three new stannaimines which can be handled at room temperature. The reactivity profile of these Sn=N bonded species is crucially dependent on the substituent at the nitrogen atom. As such, the Sn=NMes (Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) system is capable of activating a broad range of substrates under ambient conditions via 1,2‐addition reactions, [2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. Most interestingly, very rare examples of main group multiple bond metathesis reactions are also found to be viable.
Cooperative Catalyst‐Enabled Regio‐ and Stereodivergent Synthesis of α‐Quaternary α‐Amino Acids via Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Aldimine Esters with Racemic Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Xiao Lu , Chang Xin , Xu Hui , Xiong Qi , Dang Yanfeng , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe describe cooperative bimetallic catalysis that enables regio‐/stereodivergent asymmetric α‐allylations of aldimine esters. By employing Et3B as the key activator, racemic allylic alcohols can be directly ionized to form Pd or Ir‐π‐allyl species in the presence of achiral Pd or chiral Ir complexes, respectively. The less or more substituted allylic termini of the metal‐π‐allyl species are amenable to nucleophilic attack by the chiral Cu‐azomethine ylide, the formation of which is simultaneously facilitated by Et3B, affording α‐quaternary α‐amino acids with high regioselectivity and excellent stereoselectivity. The use of readily available allylic alcohols as electrophilic precursors represents an improvement from an environmental and atom/step economy perspective. Computational mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of the Et3B additive and the origins of stereo‐ and regioselectivities by analyzing steric effects, dispersion interactions, and frontier orbital population.
Impact of reacting pressure on Na thermal transformation in two full‐scale devices using Zhundong coal at similar temperature
Authors: Wang Jianjiang , Wei Bo , Liu Kunpeng , Ma Jinrong , Jia Bo , Li Xian , Yao Hong , Jiang Jiading 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGasification and combustion are two common methods for Zhundong (ZD) coal utilization. In the present study, it was intended to investigate the thermal transformation of Na in ZD coal at the Lurgi fixed bed gasifier (Lurgi) and circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFBB). To this end, raw coal samples before gasification and gasified slags were gathered from Lurgi, and the raw coal before combustion, burned slag, and fly ash were collected from CFBB. The occurrence form of Na was analyzed by extraction experiments, and the samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results revealed that insoluble Na in Lurgi slag exceeded 90% under the high‐pressure gasification process. It was found that the high temperatures and high in Lurgi intensify the conversion of sodium to Na2Ca3Si2O8 and NaAlSiO4. The performed analyses revealed that the insoluble Na content in CFBB slag and fly ash was above 92%, and Na2SiO3 and NaAlSi3O8 were the main sodium minerals in CFBB solid residue. It was found that 76.64% of the initial Na content of raw coal in Lurgi migrated into slag after the gasification process, which was 7.05% higher than the sum of slag and fly ash in CFBB after combustion. During the sodium thermal transformation in Lurgi and CFBB, high pressures significantly reduce the release of gaseous Na from coal ash so more Na was retained in slag.