bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium intake is associated with nutritional quality and actual diet cost: a study at formulating a low sodium high potassium (LSHP) healthy diet
Authors: Farapti Farapti , Buanasita Annas , Atmaka Dominikus R. , Setyaningtyas Stefania W. , Adriani Merryana , Rejeki Purwo S. , Yamaoka Yoshio , Miftahussurur Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Increasing potassium and reducing sodium intake have been identified as a priority intervention to reduce non-communicable diseases. A low sodium high potassium (LSHP) healthy diet can be a predictor of overall dietary quality and is associated with higher diet costs. The present study was a randomised controlled-feeding trial, formulating menus of low sodium and potassium-rich healthy diet and comparing with usual diet (a control diet based on typical Indonesian diet) to assess the association of potassium intake in the menus with other nutritional contents and diet cost. Totally seventy menus, which consisted of LSHP diets and the usual diets for a 7-d cycle, were composed from the analysis of the Indonesian food composition database. The correlation coefficient of the potassium content of all menus with nutritional quality and diet cost was analysed using the Pearson test. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the most important nutrient in determining diet cost. A comparison of nutrition quality and diet cost from the two menus was analysed using the independent t-test. LSHP diet had significantly higher carbohydrate, protein, fibre, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C, potassium density and diet cost but lower total fat, saturated fat and energy density than the usual diet (P < 0⋅05). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between fibre, potassium and diet cost (coefficient correlation of >0⋅8). Potassium is a nutrient that is closely related to diet quality although the cost of the diet often may inhibit its intake. A targeted and effective strategy is required to provide affordable food for achieving a sustainable nutrient-rich diet.
Key toHeterodermia(Physciaceae,Teloschistales) in Brazil, with 15 new species
Authors: Fernanda de Souza Maria , Aptroot André , Spielmann Adriano Afonso 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe species ofHeterodermiain Brazil have been revised based on literature reports, public databases and examination of 500 recent specimens from 15 states. So far, 43 species have been reported in the literature, two of which are not accepted here. We report 10 additional species from Brazil and describe 15 new to science, mostly from the Atlantic rainforest biome, raising the total number to 68, including two still undescribed species from Santa Catarina State. A key to all accepted species is given, keying out more species than represented in any previously published key of the genus. Based on new phylogenetic work, we do not accept the split genera that were recently proposed. We do informally recognize an additional group, theH. dactyliza-group. The following species are described as new:Heterodermia amphilacinulataM. F. N. Martins & M. P. Marcelli,H. caneziaeM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. delicatulaM. P. Marcelli & M. F. N. Martins,H. dissecticodiademataM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. dissecticoflabellataM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. flavodactylizaM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. flavuliferaM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. labiataM. P. Marcelli & M. F. N. Martins,H. macrosoraliataM. P. Marcelli & M. F. N. Martins,H. minorM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. neocroceaM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. nigromarginataM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. phyllalbicansM. F. Souza & Aptroot,H. spielmanniiM. F. Souza & Aptroot andH. sublinearisM. P. Marcelli & M. F. N. Martins. The following new combinations are also proposed:Heterodermia africana(Kurok.) M. F. Souza & Aptroot andH. borphyllidiata(Kalb & Meesim) M. F. Souza & Aptroot. Dissectic acid was found in species belonging to three different groups and was not restricted to (and characteristic of) one subgroup, as previously reported.
Optimal call center forecasting and staffing
Authors: Ding Sihan , Koole Ger 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a two-stage call center staffing model. In the first stage, the interval staffing levels are set under arrival rate uncertainty. In the second stage, these initial staffing levels are corrected to the right value based on more precise arrival rate information. We show that this problem is of newsvendor type, where the costs are the initial staffing costs plus the second stage adaptation costs. We show that we should initially staff according to a quantile of the distributional forecast, rather than the mean. It is also shown that the errors in staffing are approximately linear in the forecasting errors. This leads to the conclusion that the weighted sum of errors should be the error measurement in call center forecasting, since minimizing, it minimizes the total staffing costs. In special cases where the costs are symmetric for over- and understaffing, this is equivalent to minimizing the weighted absolute percentage error.
Climate Sensitivities of Carbon Turnover Times in Soil and Vegetation: Understanding Their Effects on Forest Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Ge Rong , He Honglin , Zhang Li , Ren Xiaoli , Williams Mathew , Yu Guirui , Luke Smallman T. , Zhou Tao , Li Pan , Xie Zongqiang , Wang Silong , Wang Huimin , Zhou Guoyi , Zhang Qibin , Wang Anzhi , Fan Zexin , Zhang Yiping , Shen Weijun , Yin Huajun , Lin Luxiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high uncertainty associated with the response of terrestrial carbon (C) cycle to climate is dominated by ecosystem C turnover time (τeco). Although the relationship between τeco and climate has been extensively studied, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the differential climate sensitivities of turnover time in major biomass (τveg) and soil (τsoil) pools, and their effects on vegetation and soil C sequestration under climate change are poorly understood. Here, we collected multiple time series observations on soil and vegetation C from permanent plots in 10 Chinese forests and used model‐data fusion to retrieve key C cycle process parameters that regulate τsoil and τveg. Our analysis showed that τveg and τsoil both decreased with increasing temperature and precipitation, and τsoil was more than twice as sensitive (1.27 years/°C, 1.70 years/100 mm) than τveg (0.53 years/°C, 0.40 years/100 mm). The higher climate sensitivity of τsoil caused a more rapid decrease in τsoil than in τveg with increasing temperature and precipitation, thereby significantly reducing the difference between τsoil and τveg (τdiff) under warm and humid conditions. τdiff, an indicator of the balance between the soil C input and exit rate, was strongly responsible for the variation (more than 50%) in soil C sequestration. Therefore, a smaller τdiff under warm and humid conditions suggests a relatively lower contribution from soil C sequestration. This information has strong implications for understanding forest C‐climate feedback, predicting forest C sink distributions in soil and vegetation under climate change, and implementing C mitigation policies in forest plantations or soil conservation.
Van Allen Probes Observations of Oxygen Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Waves: Statistical Study
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Kaijun , Min Kyungguk , Yao Fei , Xiong Ying , Cheng Kun , Liu Yuqi , Zheng Xianming , Zhou Jingyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report the first statistical survey of the oxygen ion cyclotron harmonic waves observed by Van Allen Probes throughout the mission. Our statistical study shows that the waves occurred over 2 < L < 6 and across all magnetic local time. More than 50% of the events were observed just outside the plasmapause, and the typical wave amplitude is between ∼0.1 and several nT. The frequency spacing between two consecutive wave harmonics decreases with increasing L but stabilizes when L > 5. The frequency spacing is larger than the local oxygen ion gyrofrequency for many events, especially those observed at larger L, suggesting that these waves propagated there from lower L shell regions. The waves are mainly on the dayside at L > 4 under quiet geomagnetic conditions, but can occur at lower L shells with a more uniform MLT distribution under more active geomagnetic conditions.
Dynamic Rupture Modeling of Coseismic Interactions on Orthogonal Strike‐Slip Faults
Authors: Lozos J. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntersecting orthogonal strike‐slip faults with opposite senses of slip pose the question of what allows rupture to propagate through the junction and through both faults versus confining rupture to a single fault. I conduct dynamic rupture simulations on simplified orthogonal strike‐slip fault systems, to determine which conditions produce rupture on both component faults. In models with uniform initial tractions on both faults, slip on the first fault must reduce normal stress on the second fault for it to rupture. If the first fault ends at the cross fault, a stopping phase causes the cross fault to rupture. In models where I resolve a uniform regional stress field on the faults, only a narrow range of stress orientations allow multifault ruptures. These results will be helpful for evaluating hazard near orthogonal strike‐slip faults.
Improved High‐Resolution 3D Vs Model of Long Beach, CA: Inversion of Multimodal Dispersion Curves From Ambient Noise of a Dense Array
Authors: Fu Lei , Pan Lei , Li Zhengbo , Dong Sheng , Ma Qingbo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmbient noise recorded by a dense seismic array provides an opportunity to resolve detailed 3D shear wave velocity (Vs) structures. We utilize the frequency‐Bessel transform (F‐J) method to compute the dispersion spectrogram for ambient noise recorded by the Long Beach seismic array, extract multimodal dispersion curves with a deep learning approach, and invert multimodal dispersion curves with a gradient algorithm. The addition of higher‐mode dispersion curves reduces nonuniqueness and provides an improved high‐resolution 3D Vs model that shows good correlations with the known stratigraphic sequence and geologic features in the study area. Furthermore, the Richard fault between the Pacific Coast Highway and Newport‐Inglewood faults, which have never been discussed in previous studies, is resolved. Our study demonstrates the potential of using the F‐J method to extract multimodal dispersion curves and consequently retrieve an improved high‐resolution 3D Vs model from a dense seismic array.
Foamquake: A Novel Analog Model Mimicking Megathrust Seismic Cycles
Authors: Mastella G. , Corbi F. , Funiciello F. , Rosenau M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, seismotectonic analog models have been developed to better understand many aspects of the seismic cycle. Differently from other lab‐quake experiments, seismotectonic models mimic the first order characteristics of the seismic cycle in a scaled fashion. Here we introduce Foamquake: A novel seismotectonic model with a granular frictional interface that as a whole behaves elastoplastically. The model experiences cycles of elastic loading and release via spontaneous nucleation of frictional instabilities at the base of an elastic foam wedge, hereafter called foamquakes. These analog earthquakes show source parameters (i.e., moment‐duration and moment‐rupture area) scaling as great interplate earthquakes and a coseismic displacement of few tens of meters when scaled to nature. Models with two asperities separated by a barrier can be performed with Foamquake given the 3D nature of the setup. Such model configuration generates sequences of full and partial ruptures with different recurrence intervals as well as rupture cascades. By tuning the normal load acting on individual asperities, Foamquake reproduces superimposed cycles rupture patterns such as those observed along natural megathrusts. The physical properties of asperities and barriers affect model seismic behavior. Asperities with similar properties and low yield strength fail preferentially in a simultaneous manner. The combination of all those characteristics suggests that Foamquake is a valuable tool for investigating megathrust seismicity and seismic processes that depend on the 3D nature of the subduction environment.
From the Top of Martian Olympus to Deep Craters and Beneath: Mars Radiation Environment Under Different Atmospheric and Regolith Depths
Authors: Zhang Jian , Guo Jingnan , Dobynde Mikhail I. , Wang Yuming , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn preparation for future human habitats on Mars, it is important to understand the Martian radiation environment. Mars does not have an intrinsic magnetic field and Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles may directly propagate through and interact with its atmosphere before reaching the surface and subsurface of Mars. However, Mars has many high mountains and low‐altitude craters where the atmospheric thickness can be more than 10 times different from one another. We thus consider the influence of the atmospheric depths on the Martian radiation levels including the absorbed dose, dose equivalent and body effective dose rates induced by GCRs at varying heights above and below the Martian surface. The state‐of‐the‐art Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator based on GEometry And Tracking Monte Carlo method has been employed for simulating particle interactions with the Martian atmosphere and terrain. We find that higher surface pressures can effectively reduce the heavy ion contribution to the radiation, especially the biologically weighted radiation quantity. However, enhanced shielding (both by the atmosphere and the subsurface material) can considerably enhance the production of secondary neutrons which contribute significantly to the effective dose. In fact, both neutron flux and effective dose peak at around 30 cm below the surface. This is a critical concern when using the Martian surface material to mitigate radiation risks. Based on the calculated effective dose, we finally estimate some optimized shielding depths, under different surface pressures (corresponding to different altitudes) and various heliospheric modulation conditions. This may serve for designing future Martian habitats.
More Realistic Intermediate Depth Dry Firn Densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM)
Authors: Schneider Adam M. , Zender Charles S. , Price Stephen F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarth system models account for seasonal snow cover, but many do not accommodate the deeper snowpack on ice sheets (aka firn) that slowly transforms to ice under accumulating snowfall. To accommodate and resolve firn depths of up to 60 m in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model's land surface model (ELM), we add 11 layers to its snowpack and evaluate three dry snow compaction equations in multi‐century simulations. After comparing results from ELM simulations (forced with atmospheric reanalysis) with empirical data, we find that implementing into ELM a two‐stage firn densification model produces more accurate dry firn densities at intermediate depths of 20–60 m. Compared to modeling firn using the equations in the (12 layer) Community Land Model (version 5), switching to the two‐stage firn densification model (with 16 layers) significantly decreases root‐mean‐square errors in upper 60 m dry firn densities by an average of 41 kg m−3 (31%). Simulations with three different firn density parameterizations show that the two‐stage firn densification model should be used for applications that prioritize accurate upper 60 m firn air content (FAC) in regions where the mean annual surface temperature is greater than roughly −31°C. Because snow metamorphism, firn density, and FAC are major components in modeling ice sheet surface albedo, melt water retention, and climatic mass balance, these developments advance broader efforts to simulate the response of land ice to atmospheric forcing in Earth system models.
Acute-stress-induced change in salience network coupling prospectively predicts post-trauma symptom development
Authors: Zhang Wei , Kaldewaij Reinoud , Hashemi Mahur M. , Koch Saskia B. J. , Smit Annika , van Ast Vanessa A. , Beckmann Christian F. , Klumpers Floris , Roelofs Karin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSubstantial individual differences exist in how acute stress affects large-scale neurocognitive networks, including salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and central executive networks (CEN). Changes in the connectivity strength of these networks upon acute stress may predict vulnerability to long-term stress effects, which can only be tested in prospective longitudinal studies. Using such longitudinal design, we investigated whether the magnitude of acute-stress-induced functional connectivity changes (delta-FC) predicts the development of post-traumatic stress-disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a relatively resilient group of young police students that are known to be at high risk for trauma exposure. Using resting-state fMRI, we measured acute-stress-induced delta-FC in 190 police recruits before (baseline) and after trauma exposure during repeated emergency-aid services (16-month follow-up). Delta-FC was then linked to the changes in perceived stress levels (PSS) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PCL and CAPS). Weakened connectivity between the SN and DMN core regions upon acute-stress induction at baseline predicted longitudinal increases in perceived-stress level but not of post-traumatic stress symptoms, whereas increased coupling between the overall SN and anterior cerebellum was observed in participants with higher clinician-rated PTSD symptoms, particularly intrusion levels. All the effects remained significant when controlling for trauma-exposure levels and cortisol-stress reactivity. Neither hormonal nor subjective measures exerted similar predictive or acquired effects. The reconfiguration of large-scale neural networks upon acute-stress induction is relevant for assessing and detecting risk and resilience factors for PTSD. This study highlights the SN connectivity-changes as a potential marker for trauma-related symptom development, which is sensitive even in a relatively resilient sample.
No long-term effects of antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure on epigenetic regulation of stress-related genes
Authors: Müller Svenja , Moser Dirk , Frach Leonard , Wimberger Pauline , Nitzsche Katharina , Li Shu-Chen , Kirschbaum Clemens , Alexander Nina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntenatal synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC) treatment is a potent modifier of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this context, epigenetic modifications are discussed as potential regulators explaining how prenatal exposure to GCs might translate into persistent changes of HPA axis “functioning”. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of stress-associated genes (NR3C1; FKBP5; SLC6A4)may mediate the persistent effects of sGC on cortisol stress reactivity that have been previously observed. In addition, hair cortisol concentrations (hairC) were investigated as a valid biomarker of long-term HPA axis activity. This cross-sectional study comprised 108 term-born children and adolescents, including individuals with antenatal GC treatment and controls. From whole blood, DNA methylation was analyzed by targeted deep bisulfite sequencing. Relative mRNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR experiments and qBase analysis. Acute stress reactivity was assessed by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) measuring salivary cortisol by ELISA and hairC concentrations were determined from hair samples by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. First, no differences in DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels of the stress-associated genes between individuals treated with antenatal sGC compared to controls were found. Second, DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels were neither associated with cortisol stress reactivity nor with hairC. These findings do not corroborate the belief that DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles of stress-associated genes (NR3C1; FKBP5; SLC6A4)play a key mediating role of the persistent effects of sGC on HPA axis functioning.
Polygenic association with severity and long-term outcome in eating disorder cases
Authors: Johansson Therese , Birgegård Andreas , Zhang Ruyue , Bergen Sarah E. , Landén Mikael , Petersen Liselotte V. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Hübel Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAbout 20% of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) remain chronically ill. Therefore, early identification of poor outcome could improve care. Genetic research has identified regions of the genome associated with AN. Patients with anorexia nervosa were identified via the Swedish eating disorder quality registers Stepwise and Riksät and invited to participate in the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative. First, we associated genetic information longitudinally with eating disorder severity indexed by scores on the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) in 2843 patients with lifetime AN with or without diagnostic migration to other forms of eating disorders followed for up to 16 years (mean = 5.3 years). Second, we indexed the development of a severe and enduring eating disorder (SEED) by a high CIA score plus a follow-up time ≥5 years. We associated individual polygenic scores (PGSs) indexing polygenic liability for AN, schizophrenia, and body mass index (BMI) with severity and SEED. After multiple testing correction, only the BMI PGS when calculated with traditional clumping andpvalue thresholding was robustly associated with disorder severity (βPGS = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.88;p = 1.2 × 10–5) across allpvalue thresholds at which we generated the PGS. However, using the alternative PGS calculation method PRS-CS yielded inconsistent results for all PGS. The positive association stands in contrast to the negative genetic correlation between BMI and AN. Larger discovery GWASs to calculate PGS will increase power, and it is essential to increase sample sizes of the AN GWASs to generate clinically meaningful PGS as adjunct risk prediction variables. Nevertheless, this study provides the first evidence of potential clinical utility of PGSs for eating disorders.
Structural and functional insights into ABHD5, a ligand-regulated lipase co-activator
Authors: Tseng Yan Yuan , Sanders Matthew A. , Zhang Huamei , Zhou Li , Chou Chia-Yi , Granneman James G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5) is a highly conserved protein that regulates various lipid metabolic pathways via interactions with members of the perilipin (PLIN) and Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA) protein families. Loss of function mutations in ABHD5 result in Chanarin–Dorfman Syndrome (CDS), characterized by ectopic lipid accumulation in numerous cell types and severe ichthyosis. Recent data demonstrates that ABHD5 is the target of synthetic and endogenous ligands that might be therapeutic beneficial for treating metabolic diseases and cancers. However, the structural basis of ABHD5 functional activities, such as protein–protein interactions and ligand binding is presently unknown. To address this gap, we constructed theoretical structural models of ABHD5 by comparative modeling and topological shape analysis to assess the spatial patterns of ABHD5 conformations computed in protein dynamics. We identified functionally important residues on ABHD5 surface for lipolysis activation by PNPLA2, lipid droplet targeting and PLIN-binding. We validated the computational model by examining the effects of mutating key residues in ABHD5 on an array of functional assays. Our integrated computational and experimental findings provide new insights into the structural basis of the diverse functions of ABHD5 as well as pathological mutations that result in CDS.