bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased nutrient availability speeds up permafrost development, while goose grazing slows it down in a Canadian High Arctic wetland
Authors: Deschamps Lucas , Maire Vincent , Chen Lin , Fortier Daniel , Gauthier Gilles , Morneault Amélie , Hardy‐Lachance Elisabeth , Dalcher‐Gosselin Isabelle , Tanguay François , Gignac Charles , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Rochefort Line , Lévesque Esther 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

It is of prime importance to understand feedbacks due to the release of carbon (C) stored in permafrost soils (permafrost‐climate feedback) and direct impacts of climatic variations on permafrost dynamics therefore received considerable attention. However, indirect effects of global change, such as the variation in soil nutrient availability and grazing pressure, can alter soil and surface properties of the Arctic tundra, with the potential to modify soil heat transfers toward the permafrost and impact resilience of Arctic ecosystems.

We determined the potential of nutrient availability and grazing to alter soil energy balance using a 16‐year split‐plot experiment crossing fertilization at different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with protection from goose grazing. Moss biomass and some determinants of the surface energy budget (leaf area index (LAI), dead vascular plant biomass and albedo) were quantified and active layer thaw depth repeatedly measured during three growing seasons. We measured soil physical properties and thermal conductivity and used a physical model to link topsoil organic accumulation processes to heat transfer.

Fertilization increased LAI and albedo, whereas grazing decreased dead vascular plant biomass and albedo. Fertilization increased organic accumulation at the top of the soil leading to drier and more porous topsoil, whereas grazing increased water content of topsoil. As a result, topsoil thermal conductivity was higher in grazed plots than in ungrazed ones. Including these properties into a simulation model, we showed that, after 16 years, nutrient addition tended to shallow the active layer whereas grazing deepened mean July active layer by 3.3 cm relative to ungrazed subplots. As a result of OM accumulation at the surface, fertilization increased permafrost vertical aggradation rate by almost an order of magnitude (up to 5 mm year−1 instead of 0.7 mm year−1), whereas grazing slowed down permafrost aggradation by reducing surface uprising and deepening thaw depth.

Synthesis. We demonstrated that long‐term grazing and N and P addition, through their impact on vegetation and soil properties have the potential to impact permafrost dynamics to the same extent as contemporary temperature increase in High Arctic polygonal wetlands.
Development and pilot test of a pregnancy decision making tool for women with physical disabilities
Authors: Kalpakjian Claire Z. , Haapala Heidi J. , Ernst Susan D. , Orians Brittany R. , Barber Melissa L. , Mulenga Lukonde , Bolde Shannen , Kreschmer Jodi M. , Parten Rebecca , Carlson Susan , Rosenblum Sara , Jay Gina M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveDesign and pilot test a new decision making tool for women with physical disabilities (impairment of physical function due to chronic conditions) considering pregnancy.Data Sources and Study SettingQuantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were collected from participants living in the community.Study DesignClinical guidelines and survey and focus group data about pregnancy informational and decisional needs guided content development. The tool was pilot tested in a 12‐week trial with participants with physical disabilities considering or actively planning a pregnancy. Feasibility outcomes were acceptability, implementation, and demand (collected at end of the trial); preliminary efficacy focused on decisional conflict and readiness (baseline, 6 weeks, and end of trial).Data CollectionSurvey data were collected using an online form. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted to learn more about experience using the tool.Principal FindingsThirty eight participants with mild, moderate, or severe physical disabilities participated. Feasibility outcomes indicated that the tool provided participants with information, guiding questions, and helped them to consider multiple aspects of the decision about pregnancy. Most participants responded positively to the new decision making tool, finding it easy to use and the information balanced. Feedback highlighted opportunity for improvement, such as more specific information, peer stories, and the limitations of a paper format. There was significant linear effect of time, with increased decisional certainty and readiness, values clarity, and decisional support (partial η2 [90% CI] = 0.310 [0.08, 0.46], 0.435 [0.19, 0.60], 0.134 [0, 0.29], 0.178 [0.01, 0.35], respectively). Decisional certainty and readiness had high observed power (96.7% and 99.3%, respectively) with lower observed power for clarity and support (60.6% and 75.1%, respectively).ConclusionsThe new tool shows promise for supporting women with physical disabilities in navigating pregnancy decision making. Future development of complementary strategies to support health care providers will help improve shared decision making and patient‐centered care.
Nondiagnostic, radial‐probe endobronchial ultrasound‐guided biopsy for peripheral lung lesions: The added value of radiomics from ultrasound imaging for predicting malignancy
Authors: Choi Jihwan , Zo Sungmin , Kim Jong Hoon , Oh You Jin , Ahn Joong Hyun , Kim Myoungkyoung , Lee Kyungjong , Lee Ho Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated whether radiomic features extracted from radial‐probe endobronchial ultrasound (radial EBUS) images can assist in decision‐making for subsequent clinical management in cases with indeterminate pathologic results.MethodsA total of 494 patients who underwent radial EBUS biopsy for lung nodules between January 2017 and December 2018 were allocated to our training set. For the validation set, 229 patients with radial EBUS biopsy results from January 2019 to April 2020 were used. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for feature selection and prediction modeling.ResultsIn the training set, 157 (67 benign and 90 malignant) of 212 patients pathologically diagnosed as indeterminate were analyzed. In the validation set, 213 patients were diagnosed as indeterminate, and 158 patients (63 benign and 95 malignant) were included in the analysis. The performance of the radiomics‐added model, which considered satellite nodules, linear arc, shape, patency of vessels and bronchi, echogenicity, spiculation, C‐reactive protein, and minimum histogram, was 0.929 for the training set and 0.877 for the validation set, whereas the performance of the model without radiomics was 0.910 and 0.891, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the next diagnostic step for indeterminate lung biopsy results remains controversial, integrating various factors, including radiomic features from radial EBUS, might facilitate decision‐making for subsequent clinical management.
Flower strips increase the control of rosy apple aphids after parasitoid releases in an apple orchard
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , Ferrais Louise , Gardin Pauline , Lateur Marc , Hance Thierry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMass releases of two parasitoid species, Aphidius matricariae and Ephedrus cerasicola, may provide an alternative measure to pesticides to control the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea in organic apple orchards. As an exploratory study, we tested if the presence of flower strips between apple tree rows could improve the action of three early parasitoid releases––and of other naturally present aphid enemies––on the control of aphid colonies and the number of aphids per tree. Apple trees located at various distances from parasitoid release points were monitored in plots with and without flower strips in an organic apple orchard over two years, along the season of aphid infestation (March to July). Our case study demonstrated that the presence of flowering plant mixes in the alleyways of the apple orchard reduced the presence of D. plantaginea by 33.4%, compared to plots without flower strips, at the infestation peak date. We also showed a negative effect of increasing the distance to parasitoid release points on aphid control. However, our results at the infestation peak date suggest that the presence of flower strips could marginally compensate for the detrimental effect of increasing distance to the release point, probably by improving the persistence and dispersal capacities of natural enemies. Despite high variations in aphid population dynamics between years, we conclude that combining flower strips with early parasitoid releases in apple orchards is promising for biological control of the rosy apple aphid, although the method merits to be further refined.
Estimated glomerular filtration rates are higher when creatinine‐based equations are compared with a cystatin C‐based equation in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Larsson Anders O. , Hultström Michael , Frithiof Robert , Lipcsey Miklos , Nyman Ulf , Eriksson Mats B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesEstimations of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are based on analyses of creatinine and cystatin C, respectively. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often have acute kidney injury (AKI) and are at increased risk of drug‐induced kidney injury. The aim of this study was to compare creatinine‐based eGFR equations to cystatin C‐based eGFR in ICU patients with COVID‐19.MethodsAfter informed consent, we included 370 adult ICU patients with COVID‐19. Creatinine and cystatin C were analyzed at admission to the ICU as part of the routine care. Creatinine‐based eGFR (ml/min) was calculated using the following equations, developed in chronological order; the Cockcroft–Gault (C‐G), Modified Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)1999, MDRD 2006, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI), and Lund–Malmö revised (LMR) equations, which were compared with eGFR calculated using the cystatin C‐based Caucasian Asian Pediatric Adult (CAPA) equation.ResultsThe median eGFR when determined by C‐G was 99 ml/min and interquartile range (IQR: 67 ml/min). Corresponding estimations for MDRD1999 were 90 ml/min (IQR: 54); MDRD2006: 85 ml/min (IQR: 51); CKD‐EPI: 91 ml/min (IQR: 47); and for LMR 83 ml/min (IQR: 41). eGFR was calculated using cystatin C and the CAPA equation value was 70 ml/min (IQR: 38). All differences between creatinine‐based eGFR versus cystatin C‐based eGFR were significant (p < .00001).ConclusionsEstimation of GFR based on various analyses of creatinine are higher when compared with a cystatin C‐based equation. The C‐G equation had the worst performance and should not be used in combination with modern creatinine analysis methods for determination of drug dosage in COVID‐19 patients.
β‐caryophyllene, a cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, decreases the motivational salience and conditioning place preference for palatable food in female mice
Authors: dos Santos Barbosa Lucas Antônio , Dutra Rafael Cypriano , Moreira Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar , de Carvalho Cristiane Ribeiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstractβ‐caryophyllene (BCP) is a cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist plant‐derived terpenoid found in different essential oil plants, including rosemary, black pepper, copaiba and cannabis. It has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status and is approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for food use. BCP displays agonist activity on the CB2 receptor and is a potential therapeutic target in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and drug addiction. Unlike CB1 receptors, activation of the CB2 receptors is devoid of psychotomimetic and addictive properties. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of BCP on incentive salience (“wanting”) performance and motivational properties elicited by sweetened palatable foods in female Swiss mice. After 9 days of training for incentive salience performance for a sweet reward (hazelnut cream with chocolate), food‐restricted mice received a systemic injection of BCP (50 and 100 mg/kg) before testing over 3 days. Moreover, independent groups of female mice were tested on sweet reward‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) for 22 consecutive days. To evaluate BCP effects on the expression of seeking behaviour for sweetened food, mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of BCP (50 mg/kg) 30 min before testing on the CPP task. BCP significantly decreased the incentive performance for a sweet reward compared with the control group in a CB2 receptor‐dependent manner. Also, BCP suppressed the expression of sweet reward‐CPP. Altogether, these preclinical data demonstrate the potential role of BCP in treating disorders associated with food addiction‐like behaviour.
Longitudinal transitions in adolescent polytobacco use across waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study
Authors: Blank Melissa D. , Romm Katelyn F. , Childers Margaret G. , Douglas Ashley E. , Dino Geri , Bray Bethany C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to identify adolescent patterns of polytobacco use and measure transitions between patterns over time.DesignLongitudinal analysis using data derived from waves 1–4 (2013–18) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Transitions in tobacco use patterns were examined via latent transition analysis, and then, socio‐demographic characteristics were used to predict transitions via logistic regression.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsParticipants included 975 adolescents who used at least one tobacco product at any wave (W1 mean age = 13.29, standard deviation = 0.86; W4 54.2% male; 54.5% white, 25.9% Hispanic).MeasurementsMeasurements included past 30‐day use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e‐cigs), traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars, snus, smokeless tobacco (SLT) or hookah.FindingsSix latent classes were identified. Cigarette users (43.5–58.8%) and SLT users (50.8–79.6%) tended to persist in their use over time. E‐cig users began to probably transition to non‐users (80.0%), but became more likely to persist in this use over time (31.1%). Non‐users at a given wave were most likely to transition to e‐cig users (8.5–43.7%) or cigarette users (6.7–28.6%). Cigarillo/poly‐users and hookah/poly‐users displayed more variable transition patterns. Adolescents were more likely to transition to non‐use (versus become/remain e‐cig users) if they were older (cigarette users, SLT users), younger (e‐cig users), other race (SLT users), male (SLT users) or had less‐educated parents (SLT users) compared with their counterparts. Hispanic (versus white) cigarette users were more likely to transition to non‐users than to persist in this use.ConclusionsAmong adolescents in the United States, patterns of tobacco use characterized by the use, mainly, of single, specific products appear to be stable, particularly by late adolescence. In contrast, patterns characterized by polytobacco use appear to be more variable and may represent experimentation without specialization.
Symbiotic bacteria in the relationship between Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ribeiro Murilo Fonseca , Carvalho Vanessa Rafaela , Favoreto Ana Laura , de Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Bello Vinicius H. , Jordan Carolina , Soliman Everton Pires , Zanuncio José Cola , Sabattini Julian Alberto , Wilcken Carlos Frederico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitizes the Eucalyptus snout‐beetle Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one of the main defoliating beetles of Eucalyptus. Outbreaks of this pest are being recorded in areas with low parasitism rates by A. nitens. Endosymbiont bacteria can affect the reproductive characteristics of host insects increasing or decreasing the parasitism rate. The objectives of this study were to identify the presence, phylogeny and transmission modes of endosymbiont bacteria in A. nitens and G. platensis. Six populations of A. nitens and one of G. platensis were evaluated. Genomic DNA from these populations was extracted and nine genera of cell endosymbionts were searched by PCR. Three species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Erwinia amylovora, Serratia grimesii, Yersinia massiliensis and the cell endosymbiont Rickettsia belli were identified in all A. nitens populations. Only Serratia grimesii was found in G. platensis. The presence of E. amylovora, Y. massiliensis and R. belli in the F1 and F2 generations indicates vertical transmission in A. nitens, while S. grimesii is vertically transmitted in G. platensis.
Real‐world comparison of effectiveness between tofacitinib and vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis exposed to at least one anti‐TNF agent
Authors: Buisson Anthony , Nachury Maria , Guilmoteau Thomas , Altwegg Romain , Treton Xavier , Fumery Mathurin , Serrero Melanie , Leclerc Eloïse , Caillo Ludovic , Pereira Bruno , Amiot Aurélien , Bouguen Guillaume 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBackgroundData comparing tofacitinib and vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis (UC) are lacking.AimsTo compare the effectiveness of tofacitinib and vedolizumab in patients with UC who had prior exposure to anti‐TNF therapyMethodsIn this multicentre study, we included consecutive patients with UC ≥18 years old with partial Mayo score >2 and prior anti‐TNF exposure, who started tofacitinib or vedolizumab between January 2019 and June 2021. Comparisons were performed using propensity score analyses (inverse probability of treatment weighting).ResultsOverall, 126 and 178 patients received tofacitinib and vedolizumab, respectively. Intensified induction (vedolizumab infusion at week 10 or tofacitinib 10 mg b.d until week 16) was performed in 28.5% and 41.5% of patients, respectively.After propensity‐score analysis, corticosteroid‐free clinical remission (partial Mayo score ≤2) was achieved at week 16 in 45.1% and 40.2% of patients receiving tofacitinib and vedolizumab, respectively (aOR = 0.82 [0.35–1.91], p = 0.64). Endoscopic improvement (corticosteroid‐free clinical remission and endoscopic Mayo score ≤1) (aOR = 0.23[0.08–0.65], p = 0.0032) and histological healing (endoscopic improvement + Nancy histological index ≤1) (13.4% vs 3.2%, aOR = 0.21[0.05–0.91], p = 0.023) were higher at week 16 in patients treated with tofacitinib. No factor was predictive of tofacitinib effectiveness. At least one primary failure to a biologic (OR = 0.46[0.22–0.99], p = 0.049), partial Mayo score >6 (OR = 0.39[0.17–0.90], p = 0.029) and CRP level > 30 mg/L at baseline (OR = 0.08[0.01–0.85], p = 0.036) were associated with vedolizumab failure.ConclusionTofacitinib and vedolizumab are effective in UC after failure of anti‐TNF agents. However, tofacitinib seems more effective, especially in severe disease and primary failure to biologics.
A comprehensive SEER registry analysis of elderly patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma based on treatment era and race
Authors: Shah Harsh , Jang Hyejeong , Kim Seongho , Halwani Ahmad S. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryWe conducted a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER‐18) registry analysis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients more than 60 years old and compared outcomes of those diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 (cohort 1) to those identified between 2011 and 2015 (cohort 2) based on treatment era and race. Cohort 1 had a median overall survival (OS) of 4 years and cohort 2 had a median OS of 4.75 years [hazard ratio (HR): 0.92 (0.85–1.00); p = 0.052]. Non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) had a similar 5‐year OS compared to non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) of 48.6% vs. 50.2% (HR: 0.95 [0.79–1.15]; p > 0.99); on the contrary, Hispanics had worse 5‐year OS of 41.8% vs. 48.6% (HR: 1.24 [1.09–1.41]; p < 0.001). NHW was the only race that had improvement in 5‐year OS in 2011–2015 compared to 2006–2010 (51% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.002). In the multivariable analysis, older age, male gender, stage III–IV, unmarried status, Hispanic race, lack of chemotherapy, and diagnosis in 2006–2010 were associated with worse OS. Lymphoma was the most common cause of death in 60% of patients. In conclusion, elderly cHL patients diagnosed after 2010 had improved OS by nine months that was most prevalent in NHWs, and disparity in OS existed between NHWs and Hispanics throughout the study period.
Learning outcomes in primary school children with emotional problems: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mundy Lisa K. , Canterford Louise , Moreno‐Betancur Margarita , Hoq Monsurul , Viner Russell M. , Bayer Jordana K. , Lietz Petra , Redmond Gerry , Patton George C. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAcademic difficulties are common in adolescents with mental health problems. Although earlier childhood emotional problems, characterised by heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms are common forerunners to adolescent mental health problems, the degree to which mental health problems in childhood may contribute independently to academic difficulties has been little explored.MethodsData were drawn from a prospective cohort study of students in Melbourne, Australia (N = 1239). Data were linked with a standardised national assessment of academic performance at baseline (9 years) and wave three (11 years). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline and wave two (10 years). Regression analyses estimated the association between emotional problems (9 and/or 10 years) and academic performance at 11 years, adjusting for baseline academic performance, sex, age and socioeconomic status, and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.ResultsStudents with depressive symptoms at 9 years of age had lost nearly 4 months of numeracy learning two years later after controlling for baseline academic performance and confounders. Results were similar for anxiety symptoms. Regardless of when depressive symptoms occurred there were consistent associations with poorer numeracy performance at 11 years. The association of depressive symptoms with reading performance was weaker than for numeracy if they were present at wave two. Persistent anxiety symptoms across two waves led to nearly a 4 month loss of numeracy learning at 11 years, but the difference was not meaningful for reading. Findings were similar when including hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.ConclusionsChildhood anxiety and depression are not only forerunners of later mental health problems but predict academic achievement. Partnerships between education and health systems have the potential to not only improve childhood emotional problems but also improve learning.
Understanding heterogeneity in pathways between interparental conflict and children's involvement: The moderating role of affect‐biased attention
Authors: Thompson Morgan J. , Davies Patrick T. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study examined the moderating role of children's affect‐biased attention to angry, fearful, and sad adult faces in the link between interparental conflict and children's distinct forms of involvement. Participants included 243 preschool children (Mage = 4.60 years, 56% female) and their parents from racially (48% African American, 43% White) and socioeconomically (median annual household income = $36,000) diverse backgrounds. Data collection took place in the Northeastern United States (2010–2014). Utilizing a multi‐method, multi‐informant, longitudinal design, attention away from anger selectively amplified the link between interparental conflict and children's subsequent coercive involvement (β = −.15). Greater attention to fear potentiated the pathway between interparental conflict and children's later cautious (β = .14) and caregiving involvement (β = .15). Findings are interpreted in the context of environmental sensitivity models.