bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of early fixation of distal radius fractures versus late corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunion
Authors: Gouk Conor , Bairstow Melissa , Thomas Michael , Tan Ezekiel , Taylor Fraser , Bindra Randy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFractures of the distal radius are common. Closed reduction and moulded casting is often the first line treatment. Malunion after casting is not uncommon and can lead to discussion on acute surgical fixation versus delayed corrective osteotomy if symptomatic. However, it is unclear if late surgery will provide similar outcomes as early intervention.MethodsWe performed a single centre, age matched, case series comparison study, comparing outcomes of patients who had undergone early fixation (ORIF) versus those who had undergone late corrective osteotomy (CO) following distal radius fracture.ResultsTwenty‐six patients were available for review, 13 in each group. Fracture patterns were similar. Reviewing CO versus ORIF; patients achieved a mean DASH; 22 versus 18 (P = 0.355), PRWE; 35 versus 26 (P = 0.237), and VAS 2 versus 2 (P = 0.490). Grip strength was significantly better in those who had undergone ORIF; 2% versus −22% (P ≤ 0.001). Range of motion was generally better with primary fixation but of doubtful clinical importance, reviewing CO versus ORIF; Flexion 46° versus 60° (P = 0.045), extension 55° versus 64° (P = 0.137), pronation 73° versus 85° (P = 0.078), supination 84° versus 84° (P = 0.747), flexion/extension arc 101 versus 124 (P = 0.017), ulnar/radial deviation arc 42° versus 59° (P = 0.01), pronation/supination arc 157° versus 168° (P = 0.118). Ulnar variance was significantly improved in the ORIF group; +0.5 mm versus +2 mm in the CO group (P = 0.023). Radial inclination, radial height and volar tilt were not significantly different between either group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that patient measured outcome of corrective osteotomy is not inferior to early internal fixation.Level of EvidenceIII (Case Series Comparison).
The association between caffeine and alcohol consumption and IVF/ICSI outcomes: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Rao Wentao , Li Yuying , Li Nijie , Yao Qingyun , Li Yufeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between caffeine and alcohol consumption and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes.Material and methodsThe protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database on May 23, 2021 (registration number: CRD42021256649), and updated on August 4, 2022. Two researchers performed a literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for articles published before July 15, 2022 independently. Studies investigating the association between caffeine and alcohol consumption and IVF/ICSI outcomes were included, and studies reporting the consumption amount were analyzed using a one‐stage robust error meta‐regression‐based method to explore potential dose–response relation. Funnel plot was used to assess publication bias if more than 10 studies were included.ResultsTwelve studies on caffeine consumption and 14 studies on alcohol consumption were included in the systematic review, of which seven and nine were eligible for the meta‐analysis. These studies included 26 922 women and/or their spouses who underwent IVF/ICSI treatment. Women's and men's caffeine consumption was not significantly associated with the pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–1.12; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75–1.14; respectively) and the live birth rate (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89–1.08; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.86–1.12; respectively) of IVF/ICSI. Maternal alcohol consumption was negatively associated with pregnancy after IVF/ICSI treatment (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–1.01). Paternal alcohol consumption was negatively associated with partner's live birth after IVF/ICSI treatment (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.99). Compared with abstainers, the chance of achieving a pregnancy after IVF/ICSI treatment decreased by 7% for women who consumed 84 g alcohol per week (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.98), and the chance of partners achieving a live birth decreased by 9% for men who consumed 84 g alcohol per week (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88–0.94).ConclusionsThere was no association between caffeine consumption and pregnancy or live birth rate of IVF/ICSI. Women's alcohol consumption was associated with decreased pregnancy rate after IVF/ICSI treatment when weekly consumption was greater than 84 g. Men's alcohol consumption was associated with decreased live birth rate after IVF/ICSI treatment when weekly consumption was greater than 84 g.
Worms and gills, plates and spines: the evolutionary origins and incredible disparity of deuterostomes revealed by fossils, genes, and development
Authors: Nanglu Karma , Cole Selina R. , Wright David F. , Souto Camilla 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDeuterostomes are the major division of animal life which includes sea stars, acorn worms, and humans, among a wide variety of ecologically and morphologically disparate taxa. However, their early evolution is poorly understood, due in part to their disparity, which makes identifying commonalities difficult, as well as their relatively poor early fossil record. Here, we review the available morphological, palaeontological, developmental, and molecular data to establish a framework for exploring the origins of this important and enigmatic group. Recent fossil discoveries strongly support a vermiform ancestor to the group Hemichordata, and a fusiform active swimmer as ancestor to Chordata. The diverse and anatomically bewildering variety of forms among the early echinoderms show evidence of both bilateral and radial symmetry. We consider four characteristics most critical for understanding the form and function of the last common ancestor to Deuterostomia: Hox gene expression patterns, larval morphology, the capacity for biomineralization, and the morphology of the pharyngeal region. We posit a deuterostome last common ancestor with a similar antero‐posterior gene regulatory system to that found in modern acorn worms and cephalochordates, a simple planktonic larval form, which was later elaborated in the ambulacrarian lineage, the ability to secrete calcium minerals in a limited fashion, and a pharyngeal respiratory region composed of simple pores. This animal was likely to be motile in adult form, as opposed to the sessile origins that have been historically suggested. Recent debates regarding deuterostome monophyly as well as the wide array of deuterostome‐affiliated problematica further suggest the possibility that those features were not only present in the last common ancestor of Deuterostomia, but potentially in the ur‐bilaterian. The morphology and development of the early deuterostomes, therefore, underpin some of the most significant questions in the study of metazoan evolution.
Exploring sibling influences on school‐aged child injuries
Authors: Piotrowski Caroline C. , Warda Lynne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur aim was to investigate if structural and relational characteristics of sibling relationships moderated the association between known injury risk factors and child injuries. Prior to the pandemic, 80 Canadian parents of two school‐aged biological siblings completed standardized questionnaires concerning child risk‐taking behaviours and injury frequency; they also reported on sibling caregiving. Children reported on sibling warmth. Wider age spacing amplified injury risk for younger siblings who engaged in more risk‐taking, while warmer sibling relationships lessened injury risk for younger siblings cared for by older siblings. The importance of incorporating sibling characteristics into family‐centred injury prevention programs was discussed.
Where will the dhole survive in 2030? Predicted strongholds in mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Tananantayot Jiratchaya , Agger Cain , Ash Eric , Aung Saw Soe , Baker‐Whatton Megan C. , Bisi Francesco , Clements Gopalasamy Reuben , Cremonesi Giacomo , Crouthers Rachel , Frechette Jackson L. , Gale George A. , Godfrey Alexander , Gray Thomas N. E. , Greenspan Evan , Griffin Olly , Grindley Mark , Hashim Abdul Kadir Bin Abu , Jenks Kate E. , Say K'lu Saw , Lam Wai Yee , Lynam Antony J. , McCann Gregory Edward , Mohamad Shariff Wan , Petersen Wyatt Joseph , Sivayogam Charina Pria , Rayan Darmaraj Mark , Riggio Alex Michael , Saosoong Sutasinee , Savini Tommaso , Seuaturien Naret , Shwe Nay Myo , Siripattaranukul Kittiwara , Steinmetz Robert , Suksavate Sasi , Sukumal Niti , Tantipisanuh Naruemon , Vinitpornsawan Supagit , Ngoprasert Dusit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDhole (Cuon alpinus) is threatened with extinction across its range due to habitat loss and prey depletion. Despite this, no previous study has investigated the distribution and threat of the species at a regional scale. This lack of knowledge continues to impede conservation planning for the species. Here we modeled suitable habitat using presence‐only camera trap data for dhole and dhole prey species in mainland Southeast Asia and assessed the threat level to dhole in this region using an expert‐informed Bayesian Belief Network. We integrated prior information to identify dhole habitat strongholds that could support populations over the next 50 years. Our habitat suitability model identified forest cover and prey availability as the most influential factors affecting dhole occurrence. Similarly, our threat model predicted that forest loss and prey depletion were the greatest threats, followed by local hunting, non‐timber forest product collection, and domestic dog incursion into the forest. These threats require proactive resource management, strong legal protection, and cross‐sector collaboration. We predicted <20% of all remaining forest cover in our study area to be suitable for dhole. We then identified 17 patches of suitable forest area as potential strongholds. Among these patches, Western Forest Complex (Thailand) was identified as the region's only primary stronghold, while Taman Negara (Malaysia), and northeastern landscape (Cambodia) were identified as secondary strongholds. Although all 17 patches met our minimum size criteria (1667 km2), patches smaller than 3333 km2 may require site management either by increasing the ecological carrying capacity (i.e., prey abundance) or maintaining forest extent. Our proposed interventions for dhole would also strengthen the conservation of other co‐occurring species facing similar threats. Our threat assessment technique of species with scarce information is likely replicable with other endangered species.
The impact of the United Network of Organ Sharing allocation change on waitlist trajectories of inpatients listed with inotropic support: A single‐center analysis
Authors: Cao Louie , Kim Seong Kyu , Schwartz Brandon , Cole Robert , Patel Jignesh , Czer Lawrence , Esmailian Fardad , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Hamilton Michele A. , Kittleson Michelle M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) allocation scheme prior to October 18, 2018, heart transplant (HTx) candidates with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS), or pulmonary artery (PA) catheter inotropic support all received Status 1A priority. In revised scheme, patients with PA catheter and inotropic support are Status 3 after those on ECMO (Status 1) or temporary MCS (Status 2). We examined the impact of the allocation change on HTx candidates listed Status 1A versus Status 3 at a high‐volume transplant center.MethodsBetween January 2017 and January 2021, 75 patients were listed with a PA catheter and inotropic support prior to the allocation change (Era 1) and 48 were listed after (Era 2). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared for these 123 patients.ResultsHeart transplant (HTx) candidates in Era 2 had higher median inotrope doses at listing. There was no significant difference in inpatient wait list days (12 vs. 20 days, P = .15), transition to temporary MCS (33.3% vs. 22.7%, P = .15), or wait list mortality (6.3% vs. 4.0%, P = .68). There was also no significant difference in survival to transplantation (91.7% vs. 94.7%, P = .71). There were no differences in post‐transplant outcomes including 1‐year survival (88.6% vs. 93.0%, P = .38).ConclusionAt a high‐volume transplant center, the UNOS allocation change did not result in increased wait list time, use of temporary MCS, or mortality on the waitlist or post‐transplant for candidates on inotropic support with continuous hemodynamic monitoring.
Automated scoring of total inflammation in renal allograft biopsies
Authors: Smith Byron , Grande Joseph , Ryan Maggie , Smith Maxwell , Denic Aleksandar , Hermsen Meyke , Park Walter , Kremers Walter , Stegall Mark 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted scoring is gaining prominence in the evaluation of renal histology; however, much of the focus has been on identifying larger objects such as glomeruli. Total inflammation impacts graft outcome, and its quantification requires tools to identify objects at the cellular level or smaller. The goal of the current study was to use CD45 stained slides coupled with image analysis tools to quantify the amount of non‐glomerular inflammation within the cortex.MethodsSixty renal transplant whole slide images were used for digital image analysis. Multiple thresholding methods using pixel intensity and object size were used to identify inflammation in the cortex. Additionally, convolutional neural networks were used to separate glomeruli from other objects in the cortex. This combined measure of inflammation was then correlated with rescored Banff total inflammation classification and outcomes.ResultsIdentification of glomeruli on biopsies had high fidelity (mean pixelwise dice coefficient of .858). Continuous total inflammation scores correlated well with Banff rescoring (maximum Pearson correlation .824). A separate set of thresholds resulted in a significant correlation with alloimmune graft loss.ConclusionsAutomated scoring of inflammation showed a high correlation with Banff scoring. Digital image analysis provides a powerful tool for analysis of renal pathology, not only because it is reproducible and can be automated, but also because it provides much more granular data for studies.
Clinicopathological features and histological tumor residues in re‐excision specimens of incompletely resected basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Lütgerath Constantin , Weiß Christel , Böer‐Auer Almut 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackground and objectiveSurgical excision is the primary mode of treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Incomplete excision is a common phenomenon usually dealt with by re‐excision. However, re‐excision specimens often do not contain any tumor residues, rendering the procedure superfluous in hindsight. Our study objective is the identification of clinicopathological features associated with the presence of histological tumor residues in re‐excision specimens.Patients and methods222 patients with a total of 255 incompletely resected BCCs were enrolled in this observational case‐control study. Eight clinicopathological features were correlated in a binary logistic regression analysis to the presence or absence of histological tumor residues in re‐excision specimens.ResultsAdvanced age at first excision and a BCC in the high‐risk zone for recurrence were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of histological tumor residues in re‐excision specimens.ConclusionsOur study results indicate a clear need for re‐excision of incompletely resected BCCs in the aforementioned subpopulation. However, less invasive therapies such as imiquimod may be considered for the follow‐up treatment of incompletely resected BCCs located in the low‐risk zone for recurrence in younger patients.
The essence of the mental
Authors: Buchanan Ray , Grzankowski Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractYour belief that Obama is a Democrat would not be the belief that it is if it did not represent Obama, nor would the pain in your ankle be the state that it is if, say, it felt like an itch. Accordingly, it is tempting to hold that phenomenal and representational properties are essential to the mental states that have them. But, as several theorists have forcefully argued (including Kripke (1980) and Burge (1979, 1982)) this attractive idea is seemingly in tension with another equally attractive thesis, namely, the token‐identity thesis; the thesis according to which every mental state token is identical with some or other token physical state. In this paper, we show that these seemingly incontrovertible essentialist intuitions are in fact compatible with “token physicalism” regarding the mental. Given a suitably plentitudinous ontology of objects, we argue that there are physical things with which our token mental states can be identified. This is preferable to existing views that give up the essentiality claims or simply reject the token‐identity thesis.
Neurological autoimmune diseases following vaccinations against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2): A follow‐up study
Authors: Doubrovinskaia Sofia , Mooshage Christoph M. , Seliger Corinna , Lorenz Hanns‐Martin , Nagel Simon , Lehnert Pascal , Purrucker Jan , Wildemann Brigitte , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang , Schönenberger Silvia , Kaulen Leon D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposePopulation‐based studies suggest severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines may trigger neurological autoimmunity including immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Long‐term characterization of cases is warranted to facilitate patient care and inform vaccine‐hesitant individuals.MethodsIn this single‐center prospective case study with a median follow‐up of 387 days long‐term clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of patients with neurological autoimmunity diagnosed in temporal association (≤6 weeks) with SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations are reported.ResultsFollow‐up data were available for 20 cases (central nervous system demyelinating diseases n = 8, inflammatory peripheral neuropathies n = 4, vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia n = 3, myositis n = 2, myasthenia n = 1, limbic encephalitis n = 1, giant cell arteritis n = 1). Following therapy, the overall disability level improved (median modified Rankin Scale at diagnosis 3 vs. 1 at follow‐up). The condition of two patients worsened despite immunosuppressants possibly related to their autoimmune diagnoses (limbic encephalitis n = 1, giant cell arteritis n = 1). At 12 months’ follow‐up, 12 patients achieved complete clinical remissions with partial responses in five and stable disease in one case. Correspondingly, autoimmune antibodies were non‐detectable or titers had significantly lowered in all, and repeat imaging revealed radiological responses in most cases. Under vigilant monitoring 15 patients from our cohort underwent additional SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations (BNT162b2 n = 12, mRNA‐1273 n = 3). Most patients (n = 11) received different vaccines than prior to diagnosis of neurological autoimmunity. Except for one short‐lasting relapse, which responded well to steroids, re‐vaccinations were well tolerated.ConclusionsIn this study long‐term characteristics of neurological autoimmunity encountered after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations are defined. Outcome was favorable in most cases. Re‐vaccinations were well tolerated and should be considered on an individual risk/benefit analysis.
Re‐evaluating Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) conservation units in Canada using genomic data
Authors: Xuereb Amanda , Rougemont Quentin , Dallaire Xavier , Moore Jean‐Sébastien , Normandeau Eric , Bougas Bérénice , Perreault‐Payette Alysse , Koop Ben F. , Withler Ruth , Beacham Terry , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConservation units (CUs) are important tools for supporting the implementation of standardized management practices for exploited species. Following the adoption of the Wild Salmon Policy in Canada, CUs were defined for Pacific salmon based on characteristics related to ecotype, life history and genetic variation using microsatellite markers as indirect measures of local adaptation. Genomic data sets have the potential to improve the definition of CUs by reducing variance around estimates of population genetic parameters, thereby increasing the power to detect more subtle patterns of population genetic structure and by providing an opportunity to incorporate adaptive information more directly with the identification of variants putatively under selection. We used one of the largest genomic data sets recently published for a nonmodel species, comprising 5662 individual Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from 149 sampling locations and a total of 24,542 high‐quality SNPs obtained using genotyping‐by‐sequencing and mapped to the Coho salmon reference genome to (1) evaluate the current delineation of CUs for Coho in Canada and (2) compare patterns of population structure observed using neutral and outlier loci from genotype–environment association analyses to determine whether separate CUs that capture adaptive diversity are needed. Our results reflected CU boundaries on the whole, with the majority of sampling locations managed in the same CU clustering together within genetic groups. However, additional groups that are not currently represented by CUs were also uncovered. We observed considerable overlap in the genetic clusters identified using neutral or candidate loci, indicating a general congruence in patterns of genetic variation driven by local adaptation and gene flow in this species. Consequently, we suggest that the current CU boundaries for Coho salmon are largely well‐suited for meeting the Canadian Wild Salmon Policy's objective of defining biologically distinct groups, but we highlight specific areas where CU boundaries may be refined.
Agglomeration and firm performance in times of economic turmoil: Evidence from Tunisian firm‐level data
Authors: Amara Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper analyzes the relationship between agglomeration economies (urbanization, specialization, and diversity) and firm‐level performance during a period of deep economic downturn (2011–2018). We use data from the National Survey of Economic Activities for eight Tunisian manufacturing industries to explore which agglomeration externalities matter most for firm performance after the revolution. The analysis considers, in addition, the role played by selected firm‐specific characteristics. The empirical results, based on a multilevel analysis approach, sanction the importance of firm‐specific determinants of productivity and exporting. They also indicate that only specialization externalities have a positive and significant effect on firms' performance. The replicate results during a period of economic stability (1998–2004) show, however, that specialization and urbanization economies are both relevant predictors of firms' productivity and that more productive firms, in particular the smaller ones, are better able to benefit from agglomeration. This finding has not been confirmed for the post‐revolutionary period.