bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroenhancements in the Military: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study on Attitudes of Staff Officers to Ethics and Rules
Authors: Sattler Sebastian , Jacobs Edward , Singh Ilina , Whetham David , Bárd Imre , Moreno Jonathan , Galeazzi Gian , Allansdottir Agnes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUtilising science and technology to maximize human performance is often an essential feature of military activity. This can often be focused on mission success rather than just the welfare of the individuals involved. This tension has the potential to threaten the autonomy of soldiers and military physicians around the taking or administering of enhancement neurotechnologies (e.g., pills, neural implants, and neuroprostheses). The Hybrid Framework was proposed by academic researchers working in the U.S. context and comprises “rules” for military neuroenhancement (e.g., ensuring transparency and maintaining dignity of the warfighter). Integrating traditional bioethical perspectives with the unique requirements of the military environment, it has been referenced by military/government agencies tasked with writing official ethical frameworks. Our two-part investigation explored the ethical dimensions of military neuroenhancements with military officers – those most likely to be making decisions in this area in the future. In three workshops, structured around the Hybrid Framework, we explored what they thought about the ethical issues of enhancement neurotechnologies. From these findings, we conducted a survey (N = 332) to probe the extent of rule endorsement. Results show high levels of endorsement for a warfighter’s decision-making autonomy, but lower support for the view that enhanced warfighters would pose a danger to society after service. By examining the endorsement of concrete decision-making guidelines, we provide an overview of how military officers might, in practice, resolve tensions between competing values or higher-level principles. Our results suggest that the military context demands a recontextualisation of the relationship between military and civilian ethics.
Integrating 3D printing of polymer matrix composites and metal additive layer manufacturing: surface metallization of 3D printed composite panels through cold spray deposition of aluminium particles
Authors: Perna Alessia Serena , Viscusi Antonio , Gatta Roberta Della , Astarita Antonello 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe integration of metals and polymers in the same component to couple the best properties and advantages of both these classes of materials can be useful for engineering applications. In this scenario, the aim of this paper is to integrate additive manufacturing of composites with cold spray deposition of metal particles: in particular, 3D-printed carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) panels were coated with aluminium particles to couple the lightweight and high mechanical properties of CFRP with high wear resistance and hardness of metals. CFRP panels have been produced by using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology, then the panels have been coated with aluminium particles by using a low pressure cold spray facility. Panels with various stratification sequences have been produced to investigate the feasibility of the process and to highlight the influence of the lay-up strategy on the whole process; the parameters of the cold spray process have been also optimized to ensure an effective deposition. Adhesion tests, distortion measurements, cross-section observations and surface coverage measurements have been chosen as response outputs to evaluate the effectiveness of the process and to assess the influence of the process parameters. The integration between FFF of CFRPs and cold spray deposition of aluminium particles has been proved, values of surface coverage close to 100% and good values of adhesion strength (close to 4 MPa) have been achieved; moreover, the presence of the fibres, giving a higher stiffness to the substrate, avoids the occurrence of distortion phenomena during the deposition. It was also proved that the printing parameters influence the deposition: an increase in the infill density from 30% to 50% leads to an increase in the adhesion strength up to 40%. In summary, the results obtained proved the feasibility of the process and allowed to enucleate directions of future research.
“We Need to Address the Trauma”: School Social Workers′ Views About Student and Staff Mental Health During COVID-19
Authors: Watson Kate R. , Capp Gordon , Astor Ron Avi , Kelly Michael S. , Benbenishty Rami 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent school disruptions shined a spotlight on the mental health needs of young people, and the importance of schools and school social workers (SSWs) in attending to those needs. This study sought to understand SSWs’ views about mental health and trauma in relation to the pandemic and schools reopening. Data came from written responses to open-ended questions on a national survey of SSWs during June–July 2020 (Kelly et al., 2021; Watson et al., 2022). In the national survey, 450 SSWs responded to open-ended questions, providing 115 single-spaced pages of detailed qualitative comments. A unified conceptual model for a trauma-informed school was created by integrating components suggested within the literature. This conceptual model was then used to generate a theory-based coding schema. Responses mapped well onto the conceptual model. Major themes included recognition of COVID-19 and 2020 social unrest as a unique period and potentially traumatic experience; the need for a trauma-informed school response; the challenges of addressing all facets of safety during the pandemic; and the essentiality and difficulty of maintaining school-based relationships during school closures and remote learning. Results demonstrated that SSWs used and discussed key components of a trauma-informed approach. Respondents offered several recommendations for implementing trauma-informed approaches during and after the pandemic, many of which required collaboration from other school staff. Findings provide empirical support for a unified school model that integrates components of a trauma-informed approach found in the literature. We make recommendations for interpersonal, organizational, and policy adaptations schools can take to become more trauma informed.
Neanderthals’ hunting seasonality inferred from combined cementochronology, mesowear, and microwear analysis: case studies from the Alpine foreland in Italy
Authors: Livraghi Alessandra , Rivals Florent , Rendu William , Peresani Marco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Herbivore teeth are a valuable source of information for inferring the hunting season of past hunter-gatherers, the spatial–temporal organization of their activities, their socio-economic organization, and their adaptation to the seasonal fluctuation of the resources. Numberless of studies have been conducted on Neanderthals across Eurasia, but only few of them rely on the application of cementochronology and tooth wear analyses combined to obtain information about the ungulate paleodiet, paleoenvironments, and the time range of the mortality events. In this study, we present the results achieved though the combination of these two high-resolution techniques applied to large and medium-sized herbivore teeth yielded by two Middle Paleolithic sites in the north-east of Italy. We combined the two methodologies with the aim to overcome any possible lack of information, due to the use of a single method. This study addressed to analyze the material coming from two caves in the Venetian region, De Nadale and San Bernardino, and to produce data supporting the interpretation of the origin of the two archaeofaunal assemblages as a result of seasonal hunting events that took place mainly in winter. In this specific geographic and environmental context, our data gain a better understanding of Neanderthal subsistence strategies and occupational patterns.
An investigation of the influence of integration of steel heat treatment and brazing process on the microstructure and performance of vacuum-brazed cemented carbide/steel joints
Authors: Tillmann W. , Ulitzka T. , Dahl L. , Wojarski L. , Ulitzka H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCemented carbides are commonly brazed to transformation hardening tool steels without taking a proper and adequate steel heat treatment into account. This publication shows the limits and possibilities of integrating a steel heat treatment, including a quenching process, into a vacuum brazing process. Therefore, copper-based filler metals are selected to ensure the steel component’s high and homogenous hardness and supply a high joint quality. In this context, the aimed steel hardness was chosen in the range between 400 and 440 HV1 based on industrial experiences. This specific hardness range for the steel component was set to avoid wear of machining tools in subsequent machining steps if the steel hardness is too high and to prevent wear and deformation of the tool itself in case of a steel hardness too low. When using the transformation hardening tool steel 1.2344, the obtained shear strength values did not exceed a threshold of 20 MPa which can be attributed to the required N2-quenching from brazing respectively solution annealing temperature. However, the steel components featured a hardness of 527.1 HV1 for the specimens brazed with pure copper at 1100 °C and 494.0 HV1 for those brazed with a CuGeNi filler metal at 1040 °C. This publication also shows an alternative route to manufacture long-lasting tools with a cemented carbide/steel joint by applying the difficult to wet and not well researched, but for many other reasons very suitable precipitation hardening maraging steel. Especially, the comparable low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the capability of the lath martensite to compensate large amounts of externally imposed stresses during the austenite-to-martensite transformation as well as the cooling rate independent of the hardening mechanism of the maraging steel and a pre-applied nickel coating including the corresponding diffusion processes are responsible for a sound joint with a shear strength > 300 MPa. Moreover, the subsequent tempering process at 580 °C for 3 h provides the maraging steel joining partner with a hardness of 426.6 ± 6.0 HV1.
Comparison of process behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrasound enhanced friction stir welded titanium/titanium joints
Authors: Thomae Marco , Gester Andreas , Wagner Guntram 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTitanium as a high-performance material offers great potential for a wide range of applications with different aspects like lightweight-constructions, biocompatibility as well as design and is used in various industrial areas like the transportation sector or in medical and sports engineering. To exploit the full potential of titanium, there is still a need for innovative and efficient joining techniques compared to conventional methods. The process of friction stir welding as a solid-state joining method is able to produce high-quality similar joints of titanium. Nevertheless, there are still some challenging aspects when friction stir welding titanium like the formation of oxide layers that affect the mechanical properties especially in the field of fatigue negatively. The superposition of power ultrasound on the friction stir welding process can address this issue. Therefore, the hybrid process of ultrasound enhanced friction stir welding was applied on similar Ti6Al4V/Ti6Al4V joints in a butt joint configuration to reduce the amount of oxide layers and improve the fatigue lifetime of the joints. For the joint configuration, a positive impact of the power ultrasound could be identified by the breakup of oxide layers and an increase in the tensile strength of 16%. Also stepwise load increase tests revealed a higher estimated fatigue strength for ultrasound enhanced friction stir welded specimen in this butt joint configuration.
Private Investments, Public Goods: Regulating Markets for Sustainable Development
Authors: Tan Celine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the new ecosystem for financing the sustainable development goals (SDGs), private actors are no longer passive bystanders in the development process, nor engaged merely as clients or contractors but as co-investors and co-producers in development projects and programmes. This ‘private turn’ in the financing of international development and other global public goods sees the enmeshment of public and private finance that brings aid and other forms of official development finance into sharp contact with regulatory regimes commonly associated with commercial investments, capital markets and corporate activity. The shift away from public resources for financing (e.g., multilateral sovereign loans) to leveraging financial markets for development capital (e.g., equity and portfolio investments) will insert countries into global financial markets and engagements with corporate actors in ways that will change forms of regulation, accountability and transparency of public finance. Zooming in on the creation of markets for sustainable development investments (SDI), this paper explores how this broader ‘reengineering of public finance’ is establishing new forms of governance that are restructuring the relationship between states and markets and between transnational capital and their host communities. Specifically, the movement towards private investments and financial markets as key drivers of financing for sustainable development has two critical impacts on transnational governance: (a) the use of private markets, in their capital allocation roles, as quasi-regulatory tools for achieving the SDGs and other global public goods; and (b) the deployment of private regulatory regimes (e.g., contracts, codes of conduct, corporate governance codes) as mechanisms to govern the social and environmental externalities of transnational economic activity. These developments have wide-ranging impacts on the domestic legal, political and civic constitution of states that can paradoxically constrain fiscal and policy space for enabling the attainment of the SDGs.
Artificial Intelligence to Address Cyberbullying, Harassment and Abuse: New Directions in the Midst of Complexity
Authors: Milosevic Tijana , Van Royen Kathleen , Davis Brian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis brief article serves as an introductory piece for the special issue “The Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Address Online Bullying and Abuse.” It provides an overview of the state of the art with respect to the use of AI in addressing various types of online abuse and cyberbullying; current challenges for the field; and it emphasises the need for greater interdisciplinary collaboration on this topic. The article also summarises key contributions of the articles selected for the special issue.
Regtech: steering the regulatory spaceship in the right direction?
Authors: Papantoniou Alexandros A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA spaceship steers by changing its existing orbit or trajectory. The current regulatory framework for financial institutions, albeit essential, is inefficient, thus steering the regulatory spaceship out of orbit. Regtech is an ever-evolving innovation which may have the potential to become a catalyst in financial services industry regulation. It provides automated solutions for monitoring, reporting and analysing regulatory requirements, thereby significantly reducing costs and improving productivity. This paper, however, argues that Regtech currently lacks the envisaged effective and widespread adoption because of risks, ambiguities, costs and difficulties associated with its application. The future of Regtech, therefore, remains uncertain. Yet through careful modification and implementation of recommendation initiatives, Regtech will be able to transform the way in which regulators and financial institutions observe and implement the current regulatory landscape, steering the regulatory spaceship in the right direction.
Investigating the impact of indoor temperature on the performance of the retail commercial refrigeration system
Authors: Brownbridge Oliver , Sully Matthew , Noons Joshua , Albayati Ibrahim M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCommercial food outlets in the UK are responsible for 3% of the UK total energy consumption, with refrigeration systems account for 29% of this total. In this paper, a validated model that simulates a commercial refrigeration system installed over 2000 sq. ft to mimic a real express store installed at the Riseholme Refrigeration Research Centre at the University of Lincoln, UK, is presented. Investigations are conducted to examine the different failures of air conditioning (AC) systems and their impacts on the indoor store temperature, and hence on the refrigeration performance and energy consumption. Three different scenarios were examined: gradual increase in store temperature caused by an AC system with reduced performance, sudden increase in store temperature caused by a drastic AC failure and fluctuations in store temperature caused by a faulty AC system. The results of the investigation for different failure scenarios of the AC system during 3 h of continual operation showed an increase in the energy consumption of the refrigeration system by 17.4% as a result of gradual AC failure, 33.6% for the sudden failure and 5.3% for the intermittent failure. It is concluded that the AC failures caused the power drawn to increase due to spending a prolonged period of time at higher temperatures than during the normal AC operation. Also, the frequency which the compressors switch on and off increases the level of wear on the compressors. Both gradual and sudden failures of the AC system show a sustained increase in temperature that leads to a greater duty cycle for the expansion valve to increase the amount of refrigerant available. It is found that the sudden failure of the AC system had the greatest impact on the system, as the temperature of the store rises quickest, the display cases are exposed to higher temperatures for a longer time; this causes the greatest demand on the system and so lead to the largest power consumption. It is notable that for all three failure types that the product temperature experiences, there are no noticeable fluctuations and they remain comfortably within the temperature boundaries between 3 and 1 °C, as the system is able to provide an adequate cooling.
Geometric Perturbation Theory and Travelling Waves profiles analysis in a Darcy–Forchheimer fluid model
Authors: Palencia J. L. Díaz , Rahman S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe intention along the presented analysis is to develop existence, uniqueness and asymptotic analysis of solutions to a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow saturating porous medium. The influence of a porous medium is provided by the Darcy–Forchheimer conditions. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness topics are developed making used of a weak formulation. Once solutions are shown to exist regularly, the problem is converted into the Travelling Waves (TW) domain to study the asymptotic behaviour supported by the Geometric Perturbation Theory (GPT). Based on this, analytical expressions are constructed to the velocity profile for the mentioned Darcy–Forchheimer flow. Afterwards, the approximated solutions based on the GPT approach are shown to be sufficiently accurate for a range of travelling waves speeds in the interval [2.5, 2.8].
Automating the Repair of Faulty Logical Theories
Authors: Li Xue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis thesis aims to develop a domain-independent system for repairing faulty Datalog-like theories by combining three existing techniques: abduction, belief revision, and conceptual change. Accordingly, the proposed system is named the ABC repair system (ABC). Given an observed assertion and a current theory, abduction adds axioms, which explain that observation by making the corresponding assertion derivable from the expanded theory. Belief revision incorporates a new piece of information which conflicts with the input theory by deleting old axioms. Conceptual change uses the reformation algorithm for blocking unwanted proofs or unblocking wanted proofs. The former two techniques change an axiom as a whole, while reformation changes the language in which the theory is written. These three techniques are complementary. But they have not previously been combined into one system. We are working on aligning these three techniques in ABC, which is capable of repairing logical theories with better result than each individual technique alone. In addition, ABC extends abduction and belief revision to operate on preconditions: the former deletes preconditions from rules, and the latter adds preconditions to rules. Datalog is used as the underlying logic of theories in this thesis, but the proposed system has the potential to be adapted to theories in other logics.Abstract prepared by Xue Li by taking directly from the thesis.E-mail: xuerr.lee@gmail.com
Lactobacillus bloodstream infections genetically related to probiotic use in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant patients
Authors: Gilliam Craig H. , Brazelton de Cardenas Jessica , Carias Delia , Maron Alfaro Gaby , Hayden Randall T. , Hakim Hana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe describe a cluster of 6 pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with Lactobacillus bacteremia attributed to probiotic use. Lactobacillus isolates cultured from probiotics and patients’ blood were proven to be related using whole-genome sequencing. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the safety of probiotic use in immunocompromised patients.
What motivates students to decrease or cease substance use?: A scoping review
Authors: Dockray S. , Whelan E. , Dick S. , Davoren M. , Heavin C. , Linehan C. , Byrne M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:The association between illicit substance use by third-level education students and their mental and physical health is well documented. The aim of this scoping review was to determine factors that contribute to student motivations to reduce or stop their use of illicit substances, and to elaborate on factors that may be pertinent for student-focused behaviour change interventions for substance use.Method:We searched eight databases in March 2021 using search terms based on ‘students’, ‘illicit substance use’, and ‘motivations’. We identified 86 research articles that reported on third-level education students’ illicit substance use and included reasons or motives for their use.Results:After full-text screening, three studies were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis. The majority of studies described motives for abstention but did not describe motivation for reducing or stopping current patterns of use of illicit substances.Conclusion:Few studies have examined motivations of third-level education students to decrease or cease substance use. Promising avenues for research on motivations to change substance use behaviour include the social contextual factors, perceived effects on social relationships, and actions of friends and family to prompt contemplations of change.