bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of two hyaluronic acid fillers with different injection depths for the correction of moderate‐to‐severe nasolabial folds: A 52‐week, prospective, randomized, double‐blinded study in a Chinese population
Authors: Hu Yifan , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Yao , Yu Qian , Gong Yu , Diao Hongyue , Jin Yi , Zhang Shuqin , Shi Yuling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are known to be effective for the correction of facial wrinkles and folds, but there is no clinical study that compares the efficacy of small‐to‐medium‐particle HA fillers and large‐particle HA fillers for the correction of nasolabial folds (NLFs). Moreover, injection depth also plays an important role in the correction of NLFs as well as improvement of facial aesthetics.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy, safety, and durability of a small‐to‐medium‐particle HA filler, Restylane, and a large‐particle HA filler, Yishumei, as well as the effect of injection depth in the correction of moderate‐to‐severe NLFs and facial aesthetics in a Chinese population.MethodsThis 52‐week, prospective, randomized, double‐blind study enrolled 100 participants with moderate‐to‐severe NLFs. The participants were randomized to receive either Restylane (Group A) or Yishumei (Group B). Group A and Group B were further randomly divided into a superficial injection group (Group A1 & B1) and a deep injection group (Group A2&B2) according to injection depth. Improvement in the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) score and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and participants’ satisfaction were evaluated as endpoints. All adverse events were monitored throughout the study.ResultsThe treatments were well tolerated by all the participants. All four groups showed a reduction in their mean WSRS scores and GAIS scores by week 12. At week 24, the WSRS and GAIS scores did not change in Group A1 and A2, while participants in Group B1 and Group B2 had higher WSRS and GAIS scores than those in the previous weeks. By week 52, the WSRS scores in all the groups returned to almost baseline levels. The mean FACE‐Q scores increased compared with the baseline scores in all groups through week 24. Most participants were satisfied with their treatment, and no meaningful differences were found between the fillers in terms of participant satisfaction. The most common adverse events were swelling, redness, and tenderness at the injection site, but they resolved spontaneously without treatment.ConclusionThe two HA fillers had good therapeutic effect on NLFs in the early stage of treatment, but Restylane had a more prolonged effect. Moreover, compared with the superficial injection, the deep injection provided slight midface lifting and improved facial aesthetics.
Primary Sjögren's syndrome: Longitudinal real‐world, observational data on health‐related quality of life
Authors: Tarn Jessica , Lendrem Dennis , McMeekin Peter , Lendrem Clare , Hargreaves Ben , Ng Wan‐Fai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrimary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which presents with symptoms of dryness, pain, fatigue and often symptoms of anxiety and depression. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is significantly reduced in pSS and the direct and indirect health costs of pSS are substantial. This study aims to determine how symptom burden, disease activity and demographics associate with HRQoL longitudinally over a median of 24‐month follow‐up period in pSS.MethodsLongitudinal EuroQoL‐5 dimension (EQ‐5D)–3L data from the Newcastle pSS cohort (n = 377) were evaluated using a survival analysis strategy. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis were performed using baseline Newcastle Sjogren's Stratification Tool (NSST) subgroup, EULAR Sjogren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), EULAR Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), disease duration, age and sex as covariates including polypharmacy and comorbidity score, where data were available (n = 191).ResultsOf the 377 pSS participants analysed in this study, 16% experienced a decline in HRQoL to a health state comparable to or worse than death. NSST subgroup and ESSPRI score had a significant relationship with time to ‘EQ‐5D event’, whereas baseline ESSDAI, age, disease duration and sex did not.ConclusionIn pSS, symptom burden and to a great extent NSST subgroup, rather than systemic disease activity, has a significant relationship with HRQoL longitudinally. Improvements in symptom burden have the potential to produce significant impacts on long‐term HRQoL in pSS.
Imaging features of laryngeal chondrosarcomas: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Baba Akira , Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Ota Yoshiaki , Lobo Remy , Srinivasan Ashok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo comprehensively summarize the characteristics of radiological findings of laryngeal conventional chondrosarcomas.MethodsWe included patients with pathologically proven laryngeal conventional chondrosarcomas with CT and /or MRI, including 41 cases from 31 publications recruited after a systematic review and 14 cases from our institution. Two board‐certified radiologists reviewed and evaluated all the radiological images. The relationship between pathological grade and radiological findings was analyzed.ResultsThe median long diameter of the lesion was 3.1 cm (range, 1.5‐8.5 cm). The most common location was the cricoid (74.5%), followed by the thyroid (12.7%), cricoid and thyroid (7.3%), and arytenoid (5.5%). All lesions showed well‐defined margins. Cortical defect/expansion (98.0%), internal low density (89.6%), and calcification (95.8%) with homogeneous and scarce contrast enhancement on contrast‐enhanced CT (85.3%) were frequently observed. All cases showed high signal on T2‐weighted imaging, low signal on T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), and heterogeneous and mild contrast enhancement on postcontrast T1WI. No significant differences were found between the pathological grades and radiological findings.ConclusionsIn our summary of comprehensive CT and MRI findings of laryngeal conventional chondrosarcomas, we found that the knowledge of these radiological features may facilitate prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
Morphological and molecular characterization, pathogenicity and sexual reproduction of Ascochyta rabiei isolates of chickpea fields in Argentina
Authors: Crociara Clara , Valetti Lucio , Bernardi Lima Nelson , Iglesias Juliana , Pastor Silvina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAscochyta blight is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of chickpea. The causal agent, Ascochyta rabiei, is a heterothallic ascomycete and its sexual reproduction depends on the proximate presence of both mating types, MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2. Since its first detection in Argentina in 2011, very few studies have been carried out and information on local isolates remains unknown. In this work, 12 isolates were obtained from the northern, central and southern regions of Córdoba province, Argentina. First, isolates were tentatively identified as A. rabiei based on their colony and conidial characteristics. Identity was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, β‐tubulin and D1/D2 loci. Morphology, cultural characteristics and pathogenic variability of the isolates were compared. Likewise, 27 crosses were made to demonstrate possible sexual reproduction between the strains. The isolates showed differences in morphology (shape, texture, conidial size, colony colour, growth rate) and aggressiveness from a susceptible cultivar. All crosses were fertile and produced pseudothecia, asci and ascospores. This work is the first in Latin America to characterize isolates of A. rabiei morphologically and molecularly, examine their pathogenic variability and demonstrate the sexual reproduction between isolates carrying different mating‐type idiomorphs. New levels of aggressiveness in A. rabiei or adaptive changes like resistance to fungicides or breakdown of host resistance are a distinct possibility in the future.
Elder’s life course theory and person‐centered research: A lens for conducting ethical nursing research and mental health nursing practice with older adults aging with the diagnosis of schizophrenia
Authors: Walker Verónica García 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionOlder adults diagnosed with schizophrenia are a vulnerable population owing to the manifestations of their illness, which can include decreased reality orientation, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions. This paper presents ethical principles of vulnerability, veracity, non‐maleficence and autonomy for person‐centered care in mental health nursing research and practice, focused with the lens of Elder's life course theory (LCT).AimTo present Elder's LCT as an ethical lens for person‐centered care as nurses engage with older adults aging with the diagnosis of schizophrenia in clinical practice and/or research.MethodFour ethical principles fundamental to nursing research and mental health practice are presented, with Elder's LCT as a theoretical lens for person‐centered care.ResultsA model for ethical research and mental health practice with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia.DiscussionNursing research and mental health nursing practice with an ethical LCT lens for person‐centered can help nurses envision, explore and generate interventions to address the special needs of older adults aging with schizophrenia.Implications for PracticeThe use of a LCT lens for person‐centered care can encourage nurses in research and mental health practice to seek information collaboratively with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in a thoughtful, ethical manner, to inform the improvement of their health outcomes and health policy.
Low cardiopulmonary fitness is associated with higher liver fat content and higher gamma‐glutamyltransferase concentrations in the general population – “The Sedentary’s Liver”
Authors: Zinterl Ines , Ittermann Till , Schipf Sabine , Gross Stefan , Anspieler Henryke , Kim Simon , Ewert Ralf , Bülow Robin , Kühn Jens‐Peter , Lerch Markus M. , Völzke Henry , Felix Stephan Burkhard , Bahls Martin , Targher Giovanni , Dörr Marcus , Markus Marcello Ricardo Paulista 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the association between low cardiorespiratory fitness and liver fat content (LFC) in the general population.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated data from 2151 adults (51.1% women) from two population‐based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐2 and SHIP‐TREND‐0). We analysed the cross‐sectional associations of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with LFC, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, as well as serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminotransferase concentrations by multivariable regression models.ResultsWe observed significant inverse associations of VO2peak with LFC and serum GGT, but not with serum aminotransferase levels. Specifically, a 1 L/min lower VO2peak was associated with a 1.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45‐1.73; P = .002) higher LFC and a 0.18 μkatal/L (95% CI: 0.09‐0.26; P < .001) higher GGT levels. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of prevalent hepatic steatosis (HS) by a 1 L/min decrease in VO2peak was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22‐2.13; P = .001). Compared to subjects with high VO2peak, obese and overweight individuals with low VO2peak had 1.78% (95% CI: 0.32‐3.25; P = .017) and 0.94% (95% CI: 0.15‐1.74; P = .021) higher mean LFC, respectively. Compared to those with high VO2peak, low VO2peak was independently associated with a higher risk of prevalent HS in the obese (adjusted‐OR 2.29, 95% CI=1.48‐3.56; P < .001) and overweight (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI=1.16‐2.14; P = .04) groups.ConclusionsLower VO2peak was significantly associated with greater LFC and higher serum GGT levels in a population‐based cohort of adult individuals. Our results suggest that low VO2peak might be a risk factor for HS.
Exposure to multiple mycotoxins, environmental enteric dysfunction and child growth: Results from the AflaCohort Study in Banke, Nepal
Authors: Andrews‐Trevino Johanna , Webb Patrick , Shrestha Robin , Pokharel Ashish , Acharya Sudikshya , Chandyo Ram , Davis Dale , Baral Kedar , Wang Jia‐Sheng , Xue Kathy , Ghosh Shibani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvidence of the impact of exposure to multiple mycotoxins and environment enteric dysfunction (EED) on child growth is limited. Using data from a birth cohort study, the objectives of this study were to (a) quantify exposure to multiple mycotoxins (serum aflatoxin [AFB1] and ochratoxin A [OTA], urinary fumonisin [UFB1] and deoxynivalenol [DON]), as well EED (lactulose:mannitol [L:M] ratio); (b) examine the potential combined effects of multiple mycotoxin exposure and EED on growth. Multivariate regressions were used to identify associations between growth measurements (length, weight, anthropometric z‐scores, stunting and underweight) at 24–26 months of age and exposure to mycotoxins and EED at 18–22 months (n = 699). Prevalence of AFB1, DON, OTA and UFB1 exposure ranged from 85% to 100%; average L:M ratio was 0.29 ± 0.53. In individual mycotoxin models, AFB1 exposure was negatively associated with weight, WAZ, increased odds of stunting (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.52; p = 0.004) and underweight (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.38; p = 0.046). Irrespective of other mycotoxin exposure and presence of EED, AFB1 was negatively associated with length, weight, head circumference, LAZ and WAZ, and with increased odds of stunting and underweight, UFB1 was associated with increased odds of underweight, and DON was negatively associated with head circumference. EED was associated with the impaired length and weight. These findings suggest that certain mycotoxins and EED may have independent impacts on different facets of growth and that aflatoxin dominates such impacts. Thus, programs reducing exposure to mycotoxin and EED through multi‐sectoral nutrition‐sensitive interventions have the potential to improve child growth.
To die or not to die: Programmed cell death responses and their interactions with Coxiella burnetii infection
Authors: Osbron Chelsea A. , Goodman Alan G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a Gram‐negative, obligate intracellular, macrophage‐tropic bacterium, and the causative agent of the zoonotic disease Q fever. The epidemiology of Q fever is associated with the presence of infected animals; sheep, goats, cattle, and humans primarily become infected by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In humans, the acute phase of the disease is characterized primarily by influenza‐like symptoms, and approximately 3%–5% of the infected individuals develop chronic infection. C. burnetii infection activates many types of immune responses, and the bacteria’s genome encodes for numerous effector proteins that interact with host immune signaling mechanisms. Here, we will discuss two forms of programmed cell death, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis is a form of non‐inflammatory cell death that leads to phagocytosis of small membrane‐bound bodies. Conversely, pyroptosis results in lytic cell death accompanied by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Both apoptosis and pyroptosis have been implicated in the clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens, including C. burnetii. Finally, we will discuss the role of autophagy, the degradation of unwanted cellular components, during C. burnetii infection. Together, the review of these forms of programmed cell death will open new research questions aimed at combating this highly infectious pathogen for which treatment options are limited.
A pericycle‐localized silicon transporter for efficient xylem loading in rice
Authors: Huang Sheng , Yamaji Naoki , Sakurai Gen , Mitani‐Ueno Namiki , Konishi Noriyuki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Rice is able to accumulate high concentrations of silicon (Si) in the shoots, and this ability is required for the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses. Although transporters for Si uptake have been identified, a transporter for the xylem loading of Si has not been found.

We functionally characterized a Si transporter, OsLsi3, in terms of tissue‐specific localization, knockout line phenotype and mathematic simulation.

OsLsi3 was shown to be an efflux Si transporter. OsLsi3 was mainly expressed in the mature root region, and its expression was downregulated by Si. Immunostaining with a specific antibody showed that OsLsi3 was localized to the pericycle in the roots, without polarity. However, when it was expressed under the control of the OsLsi2 promoter, OsLsi3 became polarly localized to the proximal side of both the exodermis and endodermis. Knockout of this gene resulted in decreased Si uptake and concentration in the xylem sap under low Si supply, but not under high Si supply. Mathematical modeling showed that localization of OsLsi3 to the pericycle accounts for c. 30% of the total Si loading to the xylem under low Si concentrations.

In summary, OsLsi3 was involved in the xylem loading of Si in rice roots, which is required for the efficient root‐to‐shoot translocation of Si.
Maxillofacial injuries due to animal attacks: A case series
Authors: Vijapur Manjunath , Ram Bhargav , Chalathadka Mahabaleshwara , Naganagoudar Anuradha , Ulasandra Somshekhar , Parthasarathy Pallavi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnimal attack injuries are frequently seen in trauma centres. Animal attacks have grown recently as a result of human expansion into the wild and reduced forest cover. As a result, wild animals and humans must occupy the same habitat, and there is an increase in wild animal–human interaction. Animal attack injuries to the face can result in functional, cosmetic and structural deficits. The head and neck are the third most commonly affected areas, followed by the upper and lower limbs. Because of the animal microflora, there is a greater risk of infections. The majority of maxillofacial fractures caused by animal attacks are crushed and may have numerous comminuted fractures, making fixing more difficult than with simple fractures. This current paper sheds some light on five such wild animal attacks that result in maxillofacial injuries as well as how to treat them.
Dimensional and anthropometric correlation analyses of buccal fat pad and patient’s personal satisfaction after buccal fat pad excision
Authors: Azoubel Eduardo , Azoubel Maria Cecília Fonsêca , Ribeiro Neiana Carolina Rios , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Daltro Rafael Moreira , de Carvalho Leitão Renata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the relationship between the volume and weight of the buccal fat pad removed in the perioperative period and the body mass index (BMI) of patients subjected to buccal fat pad excision as well as to compare the facial dimensions and the level of satisfaction of these patients before and after the surgical procedure. Fifty‐seven patients were included in this study. All were included in the dimensional analysis (weight and volume) and anthropometric correlation (BMI). To evaluate the facial dimensions, 20 volunteers were included and subjected to bilateral measurement at four specific points on the face before and after surgery. Thirty‐five patients were also evaluated regarding the occurrence of peri‐ and post‐operative complications and their level of satisfaction through a specific questionnaire. There was no statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of the buccal fat pad and the anthropometric measurements of the individuals involved in the analysis. There was also no significant alteration of the facial measurements assessed after buccal fat pad excision. The descriptive analysis showed that self‐perception regarding aesthetic need was the predominant factor indicating surgery and that most patients were satisfied with the results, which were close to expected, according to their self‐assessment. Post‐operative complications were limited to trismus and oedema. The weight and volume of the buccal fat pad showed no significant correlation with the anthropometric variables of weight, height and BMI. There were no significant differences in the facial measurements analysed after buccal fat pad excision. The patient satisfaction questionnaire showed that surgical indication was generally motivated by aesthetic factors of individual perception and obtaining results consistent with personal expectations. The frequency of complications arising from buccal fat pad excision included patient discomfort.
Violet‐blue Light Induces “Natural” Photodynamic Plasma Disinfection with Endogenous Sensitizers
Authors: Greer Alexander 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTNaturally, endogenous porphyrins can provide sensitized disinfection power, and to photobiologists' delight, violet‐blue light has potential virtues, but progress is needed before violet‐blue light treatment can be used for microbe treatment of blood plasma, and yet safeguard against protein photooxidation. A report by Maclean et al. in this issue of Photochemistry & Photobiology on microbe reduction in blood plasma showing negligible competing protein photooxidation may bring that goal a step closer.
Impact of physical activity on response to stress in people aged 65 and over during COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Radino Antonio , Tarantino Vincenza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively affected the lives of many people. In particular, restrictions of physical activity (PA) due to pandemic‐related lockdown have impacted their psychological status. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between PA habits, before the pandemic and during the lockdown, and responses to stress due to home isolation during the lockdown, in older people.MethodsTo this aim, an online survey addressed to people aged 65 years and over was conducted during the first pandemic wave in Italy (Study 1). To explore the effect of PA restrictions on responses to stress over time, the survey was replicated during the second wave (Study 2). A group of 72 and 43 participants, from 65 to 88 years, completed the two studies, respectively. The survey required the completion of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and of two questionnaires on stress response, namely, the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised and the Perceived Stress Scale. The correlation between the questionnaires' scores was examined.ResultsStudy 1 demonstrated that higher levels of PA during the lockdown, related to working and walking activities, were associated with fewer stress‐related symptoms and lower stress perception. In parallel, greater reduction of PA, during lockdown compared to the pre‐pandemic period, was associated with more stress‐related symptoms. People who spent more time at rest (sitting) before and during the pandemic lockdown were those who showed higher psychological impact. Study 2 confirmed the benefits of maintaining working activities during lockdown, but also showed that during the second pandemic wave people were more resilient to PA restrictions and home isolation, even if conducting a sedentary lifestyle.ConclusionsMaintaining good levels of PA during lockdown was a protective factor against developing stress‐related symptoms in older people. On the other hand, more resilient response to stress emerged in this population during the second wave.