bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro-optic modulation aberration correction algorithm based on phase
difference compensation
Authors: Sun Houpeng , Li Yingchun , Guo Huichao , Luan Chenglong , Zhang Laixian , Zheng Haijing 
Published: September 2022

In order to achieve wide field-of-view, high-resolution LIDAR, a gating imaging structure combining an electro-optic crystal and an electron multiplication CCD is constructed. According to the index ellipsoid theory, a 3D ray tracing model is established to explore the principle of electro-optic modulation. The field-of-view and interference intensity distribution of the LiNbO3(LN) crystal electro-optic modulation are studied by using the proposed model. In order to solve the problem that the interference light intensity at the edge of the field-of-view of crystal electro-optic modulation is not homogeneous, we study and propose an electro-optic modulation aberration correction algorithm based on phase difference compensation. The corrected interference light intensity at the edge of the field-of-view increased from 0.87 to 0.94. Finally, a LIDAR imaging simulation system is established to image the target at a distance of 2000 m. The results show that under the condition of a 1° wide field-of-view, the imaging accuracy of the system is 5 mm, and the average imaging error introduced by the crystal electro-optic modulation is less than 2 cm.
Tunable plasmon refractive index sensor and slow light characteristics based on a stub coupled with an ellipse resonator and its derived structure
Authors: Qi Yunping , Chen Haowen , Zhao Shiyu , Wen Yujiao , Wang Xiangxian 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a structure consisting of a stub metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide coupled with an ellipse resonator is proposed. The finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the transmission characteristics and magnetic field distributions of the structure in detail. The basic structure can support triple Fano resonances. In addition, multi-spectrum characteristics can be achieved by increasing the complexity of the structure. All Fano resonances can be tuned by altering the geometric parameters of the structure. Furthermore, each of the proposed structures has applications in both sensing and slow light devices. The maximum sensitivity of refractive index sensing is up to 1400 nm/RIU. The MIM waveguide structures have potential applications in the field of on-chip optical integration.
A novel quantitative computer-assisted drug-induced liver injury causality assessment tool (DILI-CAT)
Authors: Tillmann Hans L. , Suzuki Ayako , Merz Michael , Hermann Richard , Rockey Don C. 
Published: September 2022

Background and aims
We hypothesized that a drug’s clinical signature (or phenotype) of liver injury can be assessed and used to quantitatively develop a computer-assisted DILI causality assessment-tool (DILI-CAT). Therefore, we evaluated drug-specific DILI-phenotypes for amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMX/CLA), cefazolin, cyproterone, and Polygonum multiflorum using data from published case series, to develop DILI-CAT scores for each drug.

Methods
Drug specific phenotypes were made up of the following three clinical features: (1) latency, (2) R-value, and (3) AST/ALT ratio. A point allocation system was developed with points allocated depending on the variance from the norm (or “core”) for the 3 variables in published datasets.

Results
The four drugs had significantly different phenotypes based on latency, R-value, and AST/ALT ratio. The median cyproterone latency was 150 days versus < 43 days for the other three drugs (median: 26 for AMX/CLA, 20 for cefazolin, and 20 for Polygonum multiflorum; p<0.001). The R-value for the four drugs was also significantly different among drugs (cyproterone [median 12.4] and Polygonum multiflorum [median 10.9]) from AMX/CLA [median 1.44] and cefazolin [median 1.57; p<0.001]). DILI-CAT scores effectively separated cyproterone and Polygonum multiflorum from AMX/CLA and cefazolin, respectively (p<0.001). As expected, because of phenotypic overlap, AMX/CLA and cefazolin could not be well differentiated.

Conclusions
DILI-CAT is a data-driven, diagnostic tool built to define drug-specific phenotypes for DILI adjudication. The data provide proof of principle that a drug-specific, data-driven causality assessment tool can be developed for different drugs and raise the possibility that such a process could enhance causality assessment methods.
Double burden of malnutrition in Nepal: A trend analysis of protein-energy malnutrition and High Body Mass Index using the data from Global Burden of Disease 2010–2019
Authors: Pradhananga Priza , Shrestha Archana , Adhikari Nabin , Shrestha Namuna , Adhikari Mukesh , Ide Nicole , Dhungel Saurya , Bajracharya Swornim , Aryal Anu 
Published: September 2022

Background
The co-existence of undernutrition and overnutrition is a global public health threat. We aim to report the burden of both nutritional deficiency (Protein-Energy Malnutrition) and overweight (high Body Mass Index) in Nepal over a decade (2010–2019) and observe the changes through trend charts.

Methods
We did a secondary data analysis using the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)’s Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to download age-standardized data on Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and high Body Mass Index (BMI). We presented the trend of death, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Life Lost (YLL), and Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) of PEM and high BMI in Nepal from 2010 to 2019 and also compared data for 2019 among South Asian countries.

Results
Between 2010 and 2019, in Nepal, the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to PEM were declining while high BMI was in increasing trend. Sex-specific trends revealed that females had higher DALYs for PEM than males. In contrast, males had higher DALYs for high BMI than females. In 2019, Nepal had the highest death rate for PEM (5.22 per 100,000 populations) than any other South Asian country. The burden of PEM in terms of DALY was higher in under-five children (912 per 100,000 populations) and elderly above 80 years old (808.9 per 100,000 populations), while the population aged 65–69 years had the highest burden of high BMI (5893 per 100,000 populations). In the last decade, the DALYs for risk factors contributing to PEM such as child growth failure (stunting and wasting), unsafe water, sanitation and handwashing, and sub-optimal breastfeeding have declined in Nepal. On the contrary, the DALYs for risk factors contributing to high BMI, such as a diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages, a diet high in trans fatty acid, and low physical activity, have increased. This could be a possible explanation for the increasing trend of high BMI and decreasing trend of PEM.

Conclusion
Rapidly growing prevalence of high BMI and the persistent existence of undernutrition indicate the double burden of malnutrition in Nepal. Public health initiatives should be planned to address this problem.
Comparison of rheumatoid arthritis composite disease activity indices and residual activity in a Brazilian multicenter study- REAL study
Authors: Santos Isabela Araújo , Donizeti Ribeiro de Oliveira Renê , Couto Luna Almeida Sergio , Vargas-Santos Ana Beatriz , Balbino Chaves Amorim Rodrigo , Monteiro Gomides Ana Paula , de Albuquerque Cleandro Pires , Barros Bertolo Manoel , Brandão Resende Guimarães Maria Fernanda , da Costa Pinto Maria Raquel , Gomes Resende Gustavo , Dalva Neubarth Giorgi Rina , de Carvalho Saciloto Nathalia , Radominski Sebastião Cezar , Borghi Fernanda Maria , Rossi Bonfiglioli Karina , Carrico da Silva Henrique , de Fatima L. da Cunha Sauma Maria , Alves Pereira Ivanio , Werner de Castro Glaucio Ricardo , Viegas Brenol Claiton , Machado Xavier Ricardo , Maria Henrique Mota Licia , Louzada-Junior Paulo , da Rocha Castelar-Pinheiro Geraldo 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) composite disease activity indices have become handy tools in daily clinical practice and crucial in defining remission or low disease activity, the main target of the RA treatment. However, there is no definition of the best index to assess disease activity in clinical practice.

Objectives
To compare the residual activity among the indices with the ACR/EULAR remission criteria (Boolean method) to identify the most feasible for assessing remission in daily practice, also considering correlation and concordance, sensibility, and specificity.

Patients and methods
We selected 1116 patients with established RA from the real-life rheumatoid arthritis study database—REAL. The composite disease activity indices—DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, SDAI, and CDAI–and their components were compared to the Boolean method to identify residual activity using binomial regression. The indices were analyzed for correlation and agreement using the Spearman index and weighted kappa. The chi-square test evaluated sensibility and specificity for remission based on the Boolean method.

Results
DAS28-CRP overestimated remission and confirmed higher residual activity than SDAI and CDAI. The indices showed good correlation and agreement, with a better relationship between SDAI and CDAI (k:0,88). CDAI and SDAI showed higher sensitivity and specificity for remission based on the Boolean method. CDAI was performed in 99% of patients, while DAS28 and SDAI were completed in approximately 85%.

Conclusions
Although all composite indices of activity can be used in clinical practice and showed good agreement, CDAI and SDAI have better performance in evaluating remission based on the Boolean method, showing less residual activity and higher sensibility and specificity. In addition, CDAI seems to be more feasible for disease activity evaluation in daily clinical practice, especially in developing countries.
Adolescent on the bridge: Transitioning adolescents living with HIV to an adult clinic, in Ghana, to go or not to go?
Authors: Agambire Ramatu , Mchunu Gugu G. , Naidoo Joanne R. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Children survive into adult life with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which previously would have been lethal in early childhood.

Methods
The study aimed to describe the current transitional process for Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV) in a resource-limited setting in Ashanti Region, Ghana. The study was an explorative study that used an interpretive paradigm. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview ALHIV, selected by purposive sampling. The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Kumasi. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Transitioning of ALHIV was done without any guide; the themes generated were on the process of transition in which they used age (13 and above) and disclosure as the criterion to move ALHIV to the adult clinic. Most adolescents complained about being stigmatised, the attitude of staff, interruption of school and separation anxiety as experiences they went through during the transitioning process. On improving transition, ALHIV felt sexual and reproductive health services, information on treatment, privacy, and support were necessary transition components.

Conclusion
The use of age and disclosure of status as a criterion for transitioning ALHIV affects moving and retaining this age group in HIV management programs in the adult clinics. There is, therefore, an urgent need for a guideline as the current transition process defeats the purpose of providing adolescents with age-specific care in the Adult Clinic.
Use of insecticide treated nets in children under five and children of school age in Nigeria: Evidence from a secondary data analysis of demographic health survey
Authors: Ujuju Chinazo N. , Okoronkwo Chukwu , Okoko Okefu Oyale , Akerele Adekunle , Okorie Chibundo N. , Adebayo Samson Babatunde 
Published: September 2022

Background and objectiveUse of insecticide treated nets (ITN), one of the most cost-effective malaria interventions contributes to malaria cases averted and reduction in child mortality. We explored the use of ITN in children under five (CU5) and children of school age to understand factors contributing to ITN use.MethodsA cross-sectional study analyzed 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data. The outcome variable was CU5 or children of school age who slept under ITN the night before the survey. Independentvariables include child sex, head of household’s sex, place of residence, state, household owning radio and television, number of household members, wealth quintile, years since ITN was obtained and level of malaria endemicity. Multi-level logistic regression model was used to access factors associated with ITN use among children.ResultsIn total, 32,087 CU5 and 54,692 children of school age were examined with 74.3% of CU5 and 57.8% of children of school age using ITN the night before the survey. While seven states had more than 80% of CU5 who used ITN, only one state had over 80% of school children who used ITN. ITN use in CU5 is associated with living in rural area (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.26) and residing in meso endemic area (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.89 to 3.54). While In children of school age, use of ITN was associated with female headed households (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.19), meso (aOR = 3.17, 95% CI 2.89 to 3.47) and hyper (aOR = 14.9, 95% CI 12.99 to 17.07) endemic areas. Children residing in larger households were less likely to use ITN.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated increased use of ITN in CU5 from poor households and children living in rural and malaria endemic areas. Findings provide some policy recommendations for increasing ITN use in school children.
Association between renal-limited vasculitis and relapse of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: A single-center retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Makoto , Ito Mayumi , Sugiyama Hirokazu , Iwagaitsu Shiho , Nobata Hironobu , Kinashi Hiroshi , Katsuno Takayuki , Ando Masahiko , Kubo Yoko , Banno Shogo , Ito Yasuhiko , Ishimoto Takuji 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSeveral previous studies have evaluated the predictors of relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Nonetheless, the association between renal-limited vasculitis and relapse has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess the association between renal-limited vasculitis and the incidence of relapse in Japan among patients with microscopic polyangiitis/renal-limited vasculitis.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients in remission at 6 months, with renal-limited vasculitis (n = 24, renal-limited vasculitis group) and microscopic polyangiitis with renal and extra-renal involvement (n = 56, non-renal-limited vasculitis group) between 2004 and 2020.ResultsDuring the median follow-up period of 35 (range, 15‒57) months, 28 (35.0%) patients had a relapse. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models revealed that the lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (per -10 mL/min/1.73 m2; adjusted hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.99;P=  0.043), renal-limited vasculitis (adjusted hazard ratio =  0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.68;P=  0.008), and glucocorticoid combined with intravenous cyclophosphamide or rituximab (adjusted HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11–0.96;P= 0.042) were associated with a decreased risk of relapse. Glucocorticoid dose during the observation period was lower in the renal-limited vasculitis group than in the non-renal-limited vasculitis group.ConclusionsRenal-limited vasculitis was associated with a lower risk of relapse than non-renal-limited vasculitis. Our data may contribute to the development of optimal management for renal-limited vasculitis, which may assist in minimizing the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae alter the distribution of lumbar mobility–Preliminary results of a radiographic evaluation
Authors: Becker Luis , Schönnagel Lukas , Mihalache Tim Victor , Haffer Henryk , Schömig Friederike , Schmidt Hendrik , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Background
Lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are one of the most common congenital variances of the spine. They are associated with an increased frequency of degeneration in the cranial adjacent segment. Hypermobility and concomitant increased loads are discussed as a possible reason for segmental degeneration. We therefore examined the lumbar and segmental motion distribution in patients with LSTV with flexion-extension radiographs.

Methods
A retrospective study of 51 patients with osteochondrosis L5/S1 with flexion and extension radiographs was performed. Of these, 17 patients had LSTV and were matched 1:1 for age and sex with patients without LSTV out of the collective of the remaining 34 patients. The lumbar and segmental range of motion (RoM) by segmental lordosis angle and the segmental wedge angle were determined. Normal distribution of parameters was observed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test. Parametric data were compared by paired T-test. Non-parametric data were compared by Wilcoxon-rank-sum-test. Correlations were observed using Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient. A p-value <0.05 was stated as statistically significant.

Results
Patients with LSTV had mean age of 52.2±10.9, control group of 48.9±10.3. Both groups included 7 females and 10 males. Patients with LSTV presented with reduced RoM of the lumbar spine (LSTV 37.3°±19.2°, control 52.1°±20.5°, p = 0.065), however effects were statistically insignificant. LSTV significantly decreased segmental RoM in the transitional segment (LSTV 1.8°±2.7°, control 6.7°±6.0°, p = 0.003). Lumbar motion distribution differed significantly; while RoM was decreased in the transitional segment, (LSTV 5.7%, control 16.2%, p = 0.002), the distribution of lumbar motion to the cranial adjacent segment was increased (LSTV 30.7%, control 21.6%, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
Patients with LSTV show a reduced RoM in the transitional segment and a significantly increased motion distribution to the cranial adjacent segment in flexion-extension radiographs. The increased proportion of mobility in the cranial adjacent segment possibly explain the higher rates of degeneration within the segment.
Target areas to reduce the burden of maternal death due to obstetric hemorrhage in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfay Neamin , Tariku Rozina , Zenebe Alemu , Firde Haymanot , Woldeyohannes Fitsum 
Published: September 2022

Background
Obstetric hemorrhage is defined as active bleeding of more than 500 ml in vaginal delivery or 1000ml following cesarean delivery. It is the leading cause of maternal death, which contributes to up to 50% of maternal deaths in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the relationships between adverse maternal health exposure (personal and medical factors) and delay in health care (hesitancy in opting to seek care, lag in reaching a health facility, and wait in receiving health care at the facility) and adverse outcomes of obstetric hemorrhage among reviewed maternal deaths in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study utilizes 4530 reported maternal death surveillance data obtained from Ethiopian maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) system between 2013 to 2020. Latent class analysis was applied to identify underlying patterns of adverse maternal health exposures. Furthermore, the associations between latent classes and adverse outcomes of obstetric hemorrhage were analyzed using multilevel logistics regression model adjusted for clustering within reporting provinces.

Results
Nearly 56% of the reviewed maternal deaths were due to the adverse outcome of obstetric hemorrhage, among which nearly 75% died during the postpartum period. The study identified six separate sub-groups of women based on their vulnerability to adverse maternal health conditions. The six subgroups identified by this study are 1) women who travelled for a long duration to reach a health care provider, 2) those who had no access to a health facility (HF) within a 5Km radius, 3) those who failed to decide to go to a health facility: 4) those with multiparity,5) those who were injured during delivery with history of coagulopathy, and 6) those who got injured during delivery and failed to decide to go to a health facility. Women in the class of grand multipara have demonstrated the highest risk of death due to the adverse outcomes of obstetric hemorrhage (β = 1.54, SE = 0.09, p<0.0001).

Conclusions
The study has attempted to identify women that are at a higher risk for the adverse outcomes of obstetric hemorrhage. Henceforth, targeted intervention should be taken on women of reproductive age group, and those identified as at a higher risk, to reduce the high rate of maternal death due to obstetric hemorrhage.
Use of supporting evidence by health and industry organisations in the consultation on e-cigarette regulations in New Zealand
Authors: Hardie Lucy , McCool Judith , Freeman Becky 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Scientific evidence to support the development of appropriate policy for electronic cigarette use is limited by rapidly changing technology and a lack of long-term data. Perceptions of risk and benefits determine diverse framings of the e-cigarette debate and complicate policy decisions. E-cigarette use by smokers who are attempting to quit may result in improved health outcomes, while their use among young people and non-smokers may lead to adverse health consequences. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of evidence used during public consultations on proposed revisions to New Zealand’s e-cigarette legislation in 2020.

Methods
Using submissions to parliament made by the tobacco/e-cigarette industry and the health sector, we assessed the cited evidence for quality and independence measured by publication type and tobacco industry connections. We identified themes from a sub-sample of frequently cited evidence to understand how stakeholders and organisations used evidence.

Results
The sample consisted of 57 submissions from the e-cigarette and tobacco industry (n = 21) and health organisations (n = 36). A total of 442 pieces of evidence were cited at least once. Health organisations were more likely to cite peer-reviewed evidence (OR = 2.99). The industry was more likely to cite evidence outside of peer review and sources with tobacco industry connections (OR = 4.08). In the sample of frequently cited evidence, youth prevalence and flavours were the most common themes. In some cases the same evidence was used by both groups to support opposing policy positions.

Conclusions
The industry continues to rely more heavily on evidence published outside of the peer-review process, which is, therefore, subjected to less scientific scrutiny. By using a smoking-cessation or harm-reduction narrative, the industry could be seen as a legitimate stakeholder in policy development.