bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A heavy burden: Associations between sexual minority status, mental health, and BMI in women
Authors: Goldblatt Alison E. A. , Bankoff Sarah M. , Katz‐Wise Sabra L. , Pantalone David W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexual minority women (SMW) are at increased risk of elevated body mass index (BMI) compared to heterosexual women, increasing their vulnerability to chronic diseases. Nonmonosexual SMW appear to be at additional risk for elevated BMI, likely due to unique sexual minority stressors.MethodsA total of 437 SMW and heterosexual women completed a cross‐sectional, online survey including self‐report measures of sexual orientation dimensions, weight, psychological distress, and eating behaviors. We investigated relations among these variables to better understand disparities in self‐reported BMI based on sexual orientation and sexual orientation discordance (SOD).ResultsSMW self‐reported more psychological distress, more binge eating, and higher BMIs than their heterosexual peers, with nonmonosexual groups of SMW often reporting the highest values. SOD was positively associated with psychological distress.ConclusionsSMW—particularly nonmonosexual SMW—are at increased risk for psychological distress, binge eating, and elevated BMI relative to heterosexual peers. Future research should further elucidate mechanisms for these disparities.
H2O2 assisted photocatalysis over Fe‐MOF modified BiOBr for degradation of RhB
Authors: Qu Yinghui , Chen Zhenyu , Duan Yukuan , Liu Lifen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced oxidation technologies such as photocatalysis assisted by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are significantly more effective. Their synergy may greatly improve the degradation efficiency of pollutants with proper catalysts. In this study, a series of iron Metal organic framework/bismuth oxybromide (Fe‐MOF/BiOBr) catalysts were prepared, and their properties examined using Rhodamine B (RhB) as the target pollutant. Through comparison tests of photocatalysis and activating H2O2 under visible light‐initiated oxidation reaction, the catalyst, the degradation effect and reaction conditions were optimized.RESULTSAll of the composites showed better photocatalysis performance than the pure BiOBr and Fe‐MOF, and the catalytic efficiency of a composite sample MB1 with 5 mg Fe‐MOF in BiOBr was the highest. When MB1 was applied to aheterogenous Fenton‐like reaction involving H2O2 and photocatalysis under visible light ([H2O2] = 10 mmol L–1), the capacity for degradation of RhB increased to 11.1 mg/(mg·min) whereas it was only 4 mg/(mg·min) by photocatalysis alone. In addition, the optimal reaction conditions were pH 5 and 50 W light. The mechanism study showed that 1 O2 and ·O2− were the main active species for pollutant degradation.CONCLUSIONThis study provides a new and highly efficient catalyst to heterogeneously activate H2O2 under visible light to degrade a pollutant. The developed Fe‐MOF/BiOBr combination has great application potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Use of an audience response system during a continuing education action about oral lesion diagnosis
Authors: Herpich Tiago Luís , Kovalski Luan Nathiel Santana , Roxo‐Gonçalves Michelle , Romanini Juliana , Carrard Vinicius Coelho 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe present cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of continuing education action (CEA) participants on the use of an audience response system (ARS). Secondarily, the study assessed the association between the diagnostic abilities of participants and their self‐confidence in managing oral lesionsMethodsOral medicine specialists, dentists, hygienists, and students (n = 193) who attended the ‘Maio Vermelho Project’, a CEA held in a Southern Brazilian State, answered a diagnostic ability test using the ARS Socrative software during a case discussion section. The test comprised 16 simulated clinical cases based on photos of oral lesions. The questions required classification of the lesion's nature, diagnostic hypothesis, and decision making (manage the case or refer it to a specialist) for each case. A second questionnaire composed of 12 questions was also applied to evaluate satisfaction and perception of the use of ARS SocrativeResultsHygienists displayed lower scores in the diagnostic abilities test, whereas the other groups’ performances were quite similar. Dentists and dental students who scored higher on the diagnostic abilities test showed higher self‐confidence in the management of benign lesions. All participants stated that the use of technology can improve their learning experience and should be incorporated into the classroom. Moreover, the participants’ perception was highly favorable to the use of Socrative in educational activitiesConclusionOur findings showed good acceptance of the ARS tool in a CEA environment and suggest an association between performance on the questionnaire and self‐confidence in oral lesion management.
Graphene protection improves the stability of two‐dimensional halide perovskites under the electron irradiation
Authors: Yuan Biao , Hua Ziyi , Jia Shunhan , Lu Yuan , Shi Enzheng , Yu Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe crystal structure of two‐dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic halide perovskites undergoes fast structural collapse under the electron beam irradiation, hindering high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging. Graphene protection is an effective solution to mitigate the damage of electron‐beam irradiation and has been applied in 2D materials such as MoS2. However, the effectivity of graphene protection has not been demonstrated in 2D halide perovskites yet, as traditional wet‐transfer of graphene with aqueous solution would cause serious degradation for moisture‐sensitive halide perovskites. Here, we verified that graphene protection plays a protection role and developed a method using nonpolar solvent to transfer the graphene layer atop the perovskite nanosheets. With this method, the perovskite nanosheets might be well protected by graphene encapsulation.Highlights
Transfer method of graphene on moisture‐sensitive 2D halide perovskites using nonpolar solvents was developed.
Graphene substrate is proven to be able to mitigate electron‐beam damage to 2D halide perovskites.
Encapsulation structure of graphene/halide perovskite/graphene was demonstrated.
Inhibition of AHNAK nucleoprotein 2 alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Dongyi , Zhang Qian , Li Qinchuan , Wang Guangxue , Guo Zhongliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and advanced interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis. AHNAK nucleoprotein 2 (AHNAK2) is a macromolecular protein that is important for cell migration and muscle membrane repair. The protein acts via epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of IPF. However, very few studies have elucidated the effect of AHNAK2 in the development of IPF. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of AHNAK2 in IPF development.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were induced with bleomycin, while A549 and Beas‐2b pulmonary epithelial cell lines were treated with TGF‐β1 to induce IPF model. The expression of AHNAK2 was detected using immunohistochemistry staining in vivo, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blotting (WB) in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were injected with adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐sh NC or AAV‐sh AHNAK2 and the pulmonary function and EMT marker expression were measured. The migratory abilities of the two transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced cell lines were examined using wound‐healing and Transwell assays after transfection with si‐NC, si‐AHNAK2‐1 and ‐2. EMT marker expression was detected using RT‐qPCR and WB. Smad3 and phosphorylated‐Smad3 of the two cells were examined using WB. Following Smad3 inhibition by Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitor (SIS3), TGF‐β1‐induced cell migration and EMT marker expression were evaluated again after different transfections.ResultsAHNAK2 expression was higher in the IPF model than in the normal model in vivo and in vitro. Partial inhibition of AHNAK2 suppressed the EMT process and improved pulmonary ventilation and compliance in the mouse model of IPF. Similarly, knockdown of AHNAK2 suppressed the migration of pulmonary epithelial cells and reversed EMT. Furthermore, Smad3 of the two TGF‐β1‐induced cell lines was not activated when AHNAK2 was inhibited. When SIS3 inhibited the activation of Smad3, the suppression of AHNAK2 had no effect on A549 and Beas‐2b, regardless of TGF‐β1 induction.ConclusionsInhibition of AHNAK2 alleviates pulmonary fibrosis and partially reverses EMT by inhibiting the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Therefore, AHNAK2 is a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
A risk model to identify Legionella among patients admitted with community‐acquired pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rothberg Michael B. , Imrey Peter B. , Guo Ning , Deshpande Abhishek , Higgins Thomas L. , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend testing hospitalized patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) for Legionella pneumophila only if the infection is severe or risk factors are present. There are no validated models for predicting Legionella.ObjectiveTo derive and externally validate a model to predict a positive Legionella test.Design, Setting and ParticipantsDiagnostic study of adult inpatients with pneumonia using data from 177 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database (training and hold‐out validation sets) and 12 Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) hospitals (external validation set). We used multiple logistic regression to predict positive Legionella tests in the training set, and evaluated performance in both validation sets.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe outcome was a positive Legionella test. Potential predictors included demographics and co‐morbidities, disease severity indicators, season, region, and presence of a local outbreak.ResultsOf 166,689 patients hospitalized for pneumonia, 43,070 were tested for Legionella and 642 (1.5%) tested positive. The strongest predictors of a positive test were a local outbreak (odds ratio [OR], 3.4), June–October occurrence (OR, 3.4), hyponatremia (OR, 3.3), smoking (OR, 2.4), and diarrhea (OR, 2.0); prior admission within 6 months (OR, 0.27) and chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 0.49) were associated with a negative test. Model c‐statistics were 0.79 in the Premier and 0.77 in the CCHS validation samples. High‐risk patients were only slightly more likely to have been tested than lower‐risk patients. Compared to actual practice, the model‐based testing strategy detected twice as many cases.ConclusionsAlthough Legionella is an uncommon cause of pneumonia, patient characteristics can identify individuals at high risk, allowing for more efficient testing.
MORC3 restricts human cytomegalovirus infection by suppressing the major immediate‐early promoter activity
Authors: Ma Xue‐Hui , Yao Yong‐Xuan , Wang Xian‐Zhang , Zhou Yue‐Peng , Huang Sheng‐Nan , Li Dong , Mei Meng‐Jie , Wu Jing‐Peng , Pan Yu‐Ting , Cheng Shuang , Jiang Xuan , Sun Jin‐Yan , Zeng Wen‐Bo , Gong Sitang , Cheng Han , Luo Min‐Hua , Yang Bo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the long coevolution of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and humans, the host has formed a defense system of multiple layers to eradicate the invader, and the virus has developed various strategies to evade host surveillance programs. The intrinsic immunity primarily orchestrated by promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (PML‐NBs) represents the first line of defense against HCMV infection. Here, we demonstrate that microrchidia family CW‐type zinc finger 3 (MORC3), a PML‐NBs component, is a restriction factor targeting HCMV infection. We show that depletion of MORC3 through knockdown by RNA interference or knockout by CRISPR‐Cas9 augmented immediate‐early protein 1 (IE1) gene expression and subsequent viral replication, and overexpressing MORC3 inhibited HCMV replication by suppressing IE1 gene expression. To relief the restriction, HCMV induces transient reduction of MORC3 protein level via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway during the immediate‐early to early stage. However, MORC3 transcription is upregulated, and the protein level recovers in the late stages. Further analyses with temporal‐controlled MORC3 expression and the major immediate‐early promoter (MIEP)‐based reporters show that MORC3 suppresses MIEP activity and consequent IE1 expression with the assistance of PML. Taken together, our data reveal that HCMV enforces temporary loss of MORC3 to evade its repression against the initiation of immediate‐early gene expression.
Full genome analysis of circulating DENV‐2 in Senegal reveals a regional diversification into separate clades
Authors: Dieng Idrissa , Diallo Amadou , Ndiaye Mignane , Mhamadi Moufid , Diagne Moussa Moïse , Sankhe Safietou , Ndione Marie Henriette Dior , Gaye Aboubacry , Sagne Samba Niang , Heraud Jean Michel , Sall Amadou Alpha , Fall Gamou , Loucoubar Cheikh , Faye Ousmane , Faye Oumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo assess the genetic diversity of circulating dengue virus 2 (DENV‐2) in Senegal, we analyzed nine newly generated complete genomes of strains isolated during the 2018 outbreaks and 06 sequences obtained in 2018 and 2019 from Thiès and Rosso, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Senegalese strains belonged to the cosmopolitan genotype of DENV‐2, but we observed intragenotype variability leading to a divergence in two clades associated with specific geographic distribution. We report two DENV‐2 variants belonging to two distinct clades. Isolates from the “Northern clade” (n = 8) harbored three nonsynonymous mutations (V1183M, R1405K, P2266T) located respectively on NS2A, NS2B, and NS4A, while isolates from the “Western clade” (n = 7) had two nonsynonymous mutations (V1185E, V3214E) located respectively in the NS2A and NS5 genes. These findings call for phylogeographic analysis to investigate routes of introductions, dispersal patterns, and in‐depth in vitro and functional study to elucidate the impact of observed mutations on viral fitness, spread, epidemiology, and pathology.
Weather regimes in subtropical South America and their impacts over Uruguay
Authors: Arizmendi Fernando , Trinchin Romina , Barreiro Marcelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study addresses the interannual variability and trends in weather regimes in subtropical South America and their impact over Uruguay. Weather regimes are found by applying a clustering method to the sea level pressure field in every season. We evaluate for all seasons their frequency of occurrence and transition pathways among them, their statistical relationship with global climate variability modes and their impact on precipitation and temperature in Uruguay. Overall, we find that there are five weather regimes that represent well the atmospheric dynamics over all seasons with two additional regimes in austral winter. The interannual variability in their frequency of occurrence and preferred transitions are sensitive to the phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and to other modes of variability. In addition, some weather regimes show positive and others negative trends in their frequency of occurrence over the last 70 years. In particular, we find that the weather regime that represents the development of a low‐pressure system over Uruguay has a negative trend (10–15% over 70 years) in all seasons except spring.
Eugenol protects chondrocytes and articular cartilage by downregulating the JAK3/STAT4 signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Zhimin , Wang Ying , Yan Guoqiang , Wu Chengai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative bone and joint disease common in middle‐aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no satisfactory pharmacological treatment. Eugenol is a phenolic compound that has been shown to exert biological anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects in multiple systems and organs of the human body. However, its therapeutic effect on OA is unclear. This study examined the effect of eugenol on OA using an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model in mice and its related signaling pathways in interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)‐stimulated human chondrocytes. A certain concentration of eugenol inhibited the decrease in cell viability induced by IL‐1β or carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). In vitro, eugenol effectively inhibited CCCP‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes and inhibited the expressions of ADAMTS4 and MMP13 upregulated by IL‐1β. In vivo, ACLT induced destruction of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the mouse tibial plateau, while eugenol effectively protected the cartilage and subchondral bone from such damage. At the same time, eugenol reduced the ACLT‐induced upregulation of ADAMTS4 and MMP13 and the downregulation of type II collagen (COLII) and aggrecan in the mouse knee cartilage. Eugenol also inhibited the increased expression of cartilage metabolism signaling molecules such as C‐telopeptides of COLII (CTX‐II) in ACLT‐induced mouse serum. Consistent with the specific changes in the messenger RNA chip, eugenol inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK3 and STAT4 induced by IL‐1β. Together, these results suggest eugenol as an effective new drug for the prevention and treatment of OA.
The effect of surgical revascularization on the mechanical properties of cryopreserved bone allograft in a porcine tibia model
Authors: Visser Noortje , Rezaie Elisa , Ducharme Alexandra , Shin Alexander Y. , Bishop Allen T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCryopreserved bone allografts(CBA) are susceptible to infection, nonunion, and late stress fracture. Although surgical revascularization by intramedullary implantation of an arteriovenous bundle (AV bundle) generates a neoangiogenic blood supply, there is potential for vascular ingrowth‐mediated bone resorption to weaken the graft. For this reason, we have evaluated changes in CBA mechanical properties of structural tibial allografts with and without surgically induced angiogenesis. Cryopreserved tibia bone allografts were transplanted to reconstruct a 3.5 cm segmental tibial defect in 16 Yucatan mini pigs. Surgical revascularization was performed in half by implantation of a cranial tibial AV bundle, (revascularization group). A control group of identical size had a ligated AV bundle implanted, (ligated group). At 20 weeks micro‐computed tomography (CT) measured bone mineral density (BMD) as well as bone union. Reference point indentation (RPI) compared cortex material properties, and axial compression determined the allotransplant compressive modulus. Seven of eight tibiae in the angiogenesis group were healed at both junction points at 20 weeks. Only four of eight tibiae healed in the ligated control group. There was no significant difference between the revascularization and ligated control groups in BMD and axial compression test. Similarly, RPI parameters were statistically equal. In paired comparisons with contralateral tibias, however, some RPI values were significantly worse in the ligated control group tibiae. This study demonstrates no adverse effect of surgical angiogenesis on cryopreserved structural bone allograft biomechanical properties in a large animal orthotopic segmental tibial defect model. These data suggest the potential value of surgical angiogenesis in clinical limb‐sparing reconstructive surgery.
In vivo evaluation of rotator cuff internal impingement during scapular plane abduction in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Lawrence Rebekah L. , Soliman Steven B. , Roseni Kevin , Zauel Roger , Bey Michael J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInternal impingement—or entrapment of the undersurface of the rotator cuff tendon against the glenoid during overhead activities—is believed to contribute to articular‐sided tears. However, little is known about internal impingement outside athletic populations. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) describe glenoid‐to‐footprint distances and proximity centers during dynamic, in vivo motion in asymptomatic individuals, and (2) determine the extent to which these measures differed between individuals with and without a rotator cuff tear. Shoulder kinematics were assessed in 37 asymptomatic individuals during scapular plane abduction using a high‐speed biplane radiographic system. Glenoid‐to‐footprint distances and proximity center locations were calculated by combining the kinematics with computerized tomography‐derived bone models. Glenoid‐to‐footprint contact was presumed to occur when the minimum distance was less than the estimated labral thickness. The condition of the supraspinatus tendon (intact, torn) was assessed using ultrasound. Minimum distances and proximity centers were compared over humerothoracic elevation angles (90°, 110°, 130°, 150°) and between supraspinatus pathology groups using two‐factor mixed model analysis of variances. Glenoid‐to‐footprint minimum distances decreased consistently across elevation angles (p < 0.01) without a significant difference between groups. Contact was estimated to occur in all participants. Proximity centers were generally located on the anterior half of the rotator cuff footprint and on the posterosuperior glenoid. Statement of Clinical Significance: Internal impingement during overhead motions may be a prevalent mechanism of rotator cuff pathology as contact appears to be common and involves the region of the rotator cuff footprint where degenerative rotator cuff tears are thought to originate.
The dating and correlation of an eastern Mediterranean lake sediment sequence: a 46–4 ka tephrostratigraphy for Ioannina (NW Greece)
Authors: McGuire Amy M. , Lane Christine S. , Roucoux Katherine H. , Albert Paul G. , Kearney Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTTerrestrial archives from the Mediterranean have been crucial to expanding our understanding of past environmental variability on a range of timescales. Dating Quaternary sequences in the Mediterranean is, however, often challenging, and age models often have large chronological uncertainties. Tephra deposits can provide crucial age control for detailed environmental reconstructions on sub‐centennial timescales. Here, tephra analysis is undertaken for the first time on a sediment core (I‐08) from Lake Ioannina, northwest Greece, for the interval spanning 46–4 ka bp. Detailed visible and ‘crypto‐’ tephra analysis identifies deposits associated with explosive volcanism at Italian volcanic sources, including Campi Flegrei, Pantelleria, and the Aeolian Islands. We identify two visible tephra layers, the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI/Y‐5; ca. 39.8 ka bp) and Pantelleria Green Tuff (PGT/Y‐6; ca. 45.7 ka), as well as the Holocene Vallone del Gabellotto cryptotephra marker (VG/E‐1; ca. 8.3 ka bp). Evidence for repeated remobilisation and redeposition of CI tephra material is outlined, and the potential mechanisms and effects of sediment reworking in lake environments are examined. Bayesian modelling, which incorporates the new tephra ages with earlier radiocarbon dates, extends the I‐08 core chronology back to ca. 46 ka bp, facilitating direct correlation of the Ioannina sequence to others in the Mediterranean region.