bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Perspective on the History and Current Opportunities of Aqueous RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Fortenberry Alexander W. , Jankoski Penelope E. , Stacy Evan K. , McCormick Charles L. , Smith Adam E. , Clemons Tristan D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has proven itself as a powerful polymerization technique affording facile control of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, architecture, and chain end groups ‐ while maintaining a high level of tolerance for solvent and monomer functional groups. RAFT is highly suited to water as a polymerization solvent, with aqueous RAFT now utilized for applications such as controlled synthesis of ultra‐high molecular weight polymers, polymerization induced self‐assembly, and biocompatible polymerizations, among others. Water as a solvent represents a non‐toxic, cheap, and environmentally friendly alternative to organic solvents traditionally utilized for polymerizations. This, coupled with the benefits of RAFT polymerization, makes for a powerful combination in polymer science. This perspective provides a historical account of the initial developments of aqueous RAFT polymerization at the University of Southern Mississippi from the McCormick Research Group, details practical considerations for conducting aqueous RAFT polymerizations, and highlights some of the recent advances aqueous RAFT polymerization can provide. Finally, some of the future opportunities that this versatile polymerization technique in an aqueous environment can offer are discussed, and it is anticipated that the aqueous RAFT polymerization field will continue to realize these, and other exciting opportunities into the future.
The effects of scaling strategies on the scaling of social impact: Evidence from Chinese social enterprises
Authors: Bi Xiang‐Yang , Yu Xiao‐Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConventional nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and social enterprises (SEs) face constant challenges when scaling their social impacts, especially in societies undergoing transformation, such as China, where NPO and SE ecosystems are still nascent. Whereas previous studies have identified various scaling approaches for SEs, empirical investigations of the linkages between scaling strategies and scaling performance are lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a quantitative study of 293 Chinese SEs to examine how the four types of scaling strategies brought about different scaling performances and how the results varied upon organizational form. Our results revealed that three of these scaling strategies, namely knowledge dissemination, organizational growth, and contractual partnerships, contributed positively and significantly to scaling performance, whereas capacity building had a positive but not statistically significant effect. Our results also indicated that the positive contributions of organizational growth and knowledge dissemination to scaling performance were reinforced in SEs organized as nonprofits. Moreover, the results indicated that SEs that deployed combined and diversified scaling strategies demonstrated better scaling performance than those that deployed just one strategy. Our findings have important managerial implications for practitioners within the SE community, and especially providing a scientific basis for the managers of nonprofit SEs to select appropriate scaling strategies.
Characterization of Diastereomeric Equilibria of Pseudotetrahedral Bis[(R or S)‐N‐1‐(Ar)Ethylsalicylaldiminato‐κ2N,O]zinc(II) with Λ/Δ‐Chirality‐At‐Metal Induction
Authors: Enamullah Mohammed , Mostafizur Rahman Mohammad , Khairul Islam Mohammad , Woschko Dennis , Janiak Christoph , Pescitelli Gennaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA family of bis[(R or S)‐N‐1‐(Ar)ethylsalicylaldiminato‐κ2N,O]‐Δ/Λ‐zinc(II) {Ar=C6H5 (ZnRL1 or ZnSL1), p‐CH3OC6H4 (ZnRL2 or ZnSL2) and p‐ClC6H4 (ZnRL3 or ZnSL3)} compounds was synthesized and investigated by multiple methods. They feature Λ/Δ‐chirality‐at‐metal induction along the pseudo‐C2 axis of the molecules. The chirality induction is quantitative in the solid state, explored by X‐ray crystallography and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), where R or S‐ligated complexes diastereoselectively yield Λ or Δ‐configuration at the metal. On the other hand, Λ and Δ‐diastereomers co‐exist in solution. The Λ⇆Δ equilibrium is solvent‐ and temperature‐dependent. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra confirm the existence of a diastereomeric excess of Λ‐ZnRL1−3 or Δ‐ZnSL1−3 in solution. DSC analysis reveals thermally induced irreversible phase transformation from a crystalline solid to an isotropic liquid phase. ECD spectra were reproduced by DFT geometry optimizations and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations, providing ultimate proof of the dominant chirality atmetal in solution.
Intraoral ultrasonography for gingival squamous cell carcinoma: Tumor thickness and bone invasion
Authors: Minami Yoshiyuki , Okada Yasuo , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of intraoral ultrasonography (US) for gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) thickness and bone invasion compared with computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsThis study assessed eight gingival squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent US and CT at our hospital from April 2021 to November 2021. Grayscale and color Doppler US were performed using a liner 14 MHz transducer. Computed tomography imaging was undergone with a 16‐multidetector CT scanner using the oral and maxillofacial protocol. The relationship between US and CT on tumor thickness of gingival SCC was assessed by Pearson's rank correlation test. A p value lower than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsPresence or absence of bone invasion was consistent in CT and US. We plotted tumor thickness of gingival SCC and observed a significant correlation between tumor thickness using CT and US.ConclusionWe showed the usefulness of to evaluate of tumor thickness and bone invasion using intraoral US is useful with gingival SCC.
Obesity and chronic kidney disease: A current review
Authors: Nawaz Saira , Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Al‐Chalabi Saif , Evans Philip , Kalra Philip A. , Syed Akheel A. , Sinha Smeeta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity poses significant challenges to healthcare globally, particularly through its bi‐directional relationship with co‐morbid metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. There is also emerging evidence of an association between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is less well characterized.MethodsA literature search of electronic libraries was conducted to identify and present a narrative review of the interplay between obesity and CKD.FindingsObesity may predispose to CKD directly as it is linked to the histopathological finding of obesity‐related glomerulopathy and indirectly through its widely recognized complications such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. The biochemical and endocrine products of adipose tissue contribute to pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and proteinuria. The prevention and management of obesity may prove critical in counteracting both the development and advancement of CKD. Moreover, measures of abdominal adiposity such as waist circumference, are generally associated with worse morbidity and mortality in individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis.ConclusionObesity is a risk factor for the onset and progression of CKD and should be recognized as a potential target for a preventative public health approach to reduce CKD rates within the general population. Future research should focus on the use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with CKD and obesity due to their multi‐faceted actions on major outcomes.
Experimental investigation of skin toxicity after immune checkpoint inhibition in combination with radiation therapy
Authors: Lansink Rotgerink Laura , Felchle Hannah , Feuchtinger Annette , Nefzger Sophie M , Walther Caroline N , Gissibl Julia , Steiger Katja , Schmid Thomas E , Heidegger Simon , Combs Stephanie E , Fischer Julius C 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, structured knowledge to mitigate a patient's specific risk of developing adverse events are limited. Nevertheless, there is an exponential growth of clinical studies combining conventional therapies such as radiation therapy (RT) with ICIs. Cutaneous reactions are among the most common adverse events after monotherapy with either ICIs or RT. So far, little is known about interindividual differences for the risk of developing severe tissue toxicity after the combination of RT with ICIs, and the underlying biological mechanisms are ill defined. We used experimental models of RT‐induced skin injury to analyze skin toxicity after simultaneous application of ICIs. We compared different RT regimens such as fractionated or stereotactic RT with varying dose intensity. Strikingly, we found that simultaneous application of RT and ICIs did not significantly aggravate acute skin injury in two different mouse strains. Detailed examination of long‐term tissue damage of the skin revealed similar signs of epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, and adnexal atrophy. In summary, we here present the first experimental study demonstrating the excellent safety profiles of concurrent treatment with RT and ICIs. These findings will help to interpret the development of adverse events of the skin after radioimmunotherapy and guide the design of new clinical trials and clinical decision‐making in individual cases. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A novel methodology to research the residual compressive mechanical properties of composite stiffened panel after low velocity impact based on quantification damage simulation
Authors: Xiao Shan , Wu Shibao , Xu Zhonghai , Yang Yusong , Hu Chunxing , Du Shanyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComposite stiffened panels have become one of the most usual components in the design process of the aircraft's structure due to their splendid mechanical properties in the last decades. The main purpose of this work is investigating and presenting a more precise method to forecast the residual compressive mechanical behavior of the composite stiffened panel. First of all, an axial compression after impact (CAI) test is performed to understand the failure mechanism of different type of L‐shaped stiffened carbon fiber reinforced polymer panels with barely visible impact damage, which is introduced by the low velocity impact test. Subsequently, a finite element model, which contains a quantification damage model, is established in ABAQUS software based on the CAI test results to predict the mechanical behavior of these composite stiffened panels during the CAI test process. Both of the experimental and predicted results demonstrate that the propagation of the delamination caused by LVI is going to exert a destructive influence on the total failure of the composite stiffened panel, and the prediction results of the residual compressive strength of these composite stiffened panels are well consistent to that measured in the CAI test.
Investigation on improvement of thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of lignin/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) using inorganic nanoparticles as fillers
Authors: Zeng Dongdong , Su Yuhang , Dong Jiaqi , Ma Xiaojun , Yu Lili , Lv Youjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, four typical biocomposites from lignin blended with poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate (PHBH) using inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) (SiO2, MMT, CaCO3, and BN) as fillers were evaluated, which enhanced the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of composites. The results revealed that the selection of suitable INPs doped into the lignin/PHBH (L/P) composites was an important approach to achieve available function. MMT/L/P nanocomposites were significantly higher than those of untreated L/P composites in thermal stability (Tmax exceed 10%) and barrier properties (water vapor and oxygen resistance increased by 48% and 46%), and BN particles increased the initial thermal decomposition temperature by 8%. The elongation at break of CaCO3/L/P and BN/L/P composites were increased by 344% and 319%, while SiO2/L/P composites had the best tensile strength (18.8 MPa). Besides, the INPs/L/P nanocomposites in this paper exhibited excellent ultraviolet (UV) resistance and might become potential anti‐UV packaging materials for grease foods.
Effect of amine‐reactive elastomer on the properties of poly(lactic acid) films obtained by solvent‐cast3Dprinting
Authors: Oliveira Lucas R. D. , Nonato Renato C. , Bonse Baltus C. , Morales Ana R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and amine‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile (ATBN) elastomer were prepared by solution with ATBN contents of 8–20 wt%. Films were molded by liquid deposition modeling 3D printing. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the terminal carboxylic groups of the PLA chains reacted with the terminal amino groups of ATBN. Water was the byproduct of this reaction, causing PLA hydrolysis and accelerating the reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that components interaction caused a loss of PLA thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the blends revealed a porous morphology and no phase separation. There was change in the elongation when compared with neat PLA. Although the addition of a telechelic elastomer could improve PLA toughness, any benefits arising from such addition seem to be neutralized by PLA chain scission due to hydrolysis and porosity, resulting from the condensation reaction.
Thepho1;2a′‐m1.1allele ofPhosphate1conditions misregulation of the phosphorus starvation response in maize (Zea maysssp.maysL.)
Authors: Alonso‐Nieves Ana Laura , Salazar‐Vidal M. Nancy , Torres‐Rodríguez J. Vladimir , Pérez‐Vázquez Leonardo M. , Massange‐Sánchez Julio A. , Gillmor C. Stewart , Sawers Ruairidh J. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlant PHO1 proteins play a central role in the translocation and sensing of inorganic phosphate. The maize (Zea maysssp.mays) genome encodes two co‐orthologs of theArabidopsis PHO1gene, designatedZmPho1;2aandZmPho1;2b. Here, we report the characterization of the transposon footprint alleleZmpho1;2a′‐m1.1, which we refer to hereafter aspho1;2a. Thepho1;2aallele is a stable derivative formed by excision of anActivatortransposable element from theZmPho1;2agene. Thepho1;2aallele contains an 8‐bp insertion at the point of transposon excision that disrupts the reading frame and is predicted to generate a premature translational stop. We show that thepho1;2aallele is linked to a dosage‐dependent reduction inPho1;2atranscript accumulation and a mild reduction in seedling growth. Characterization of shoot and root transcriptomes under full nutrient, low nitrogen, low phosphorus, and combined low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions identified 1100 differentially expressed genes between wild‐type plants and plants carrying thepho1;2amutation. Of these 1100 genes, 966 were upregulated in plants carryingpho1;2a, indicating the wild‐type PHO1;2a to predominantly impact negative gene regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis of thepho1;2a‐misregulated genes revealed associations with phytohormone signaling and the phosphate starvation response. In roots, differential expression was broadly consistent across all nutrient conditions. In leaves, differential expression was largely specific to low phosphorus and combined low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions. Of 276 genes upregulated in the leaves ofpho1;2amutants in the low phosphorus condition, 153 were themselves induced in wild‐type plants with respect to the full nutrient condition. Our observations suggest thatPho1;2afunctions in the fine‐tuning of the transcriptional response to phosphate starvation through maintenance and/or sensing of plant phosphate status.
BenchmarkingAlphaFoldfor protein complex modeling reveals accuracy determinants
Authors: Yin Rui , Feng Brandon Y. , Varshney Amitabh , Pierce Brian G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution experimental structural determination of protein–protein interactions has led to valuable mechanistic insights, yet due to the massive number of interactions and experimental limitations there is a need for computational methods that can accurately model their structures. Here we explore the use of the recently developed deep learning method, AlphaFold, to predict structures of protein complexes from sequence. With a benchmark of 152 diverse heterodimeric protein complexes, multiple implementations and parameters of AlphaFold were tested for accuracy. Remarkably, many cases (43%) had near‐native models (medium or high critical assessment of predicted interactions accuracy) generated as top‐ranked predictions by AlphaFold, greatly surpassing the performance of unbound protein–protein docking (9% success rate for near‐native top‐ranked models), however AlphaFold modeling of antibody–antigen complexes within our set was unsuccessful. We identified sequence and structural features associated with lack of AlphaFold success, and we also investigated the impact of multiple sequence alignment input. Benchmarking of a multimer‐optimized version of AlphaFold (AlphaFold‐Multimer) with a set of recently released antibody–antigen structures confirmed a low rate of success for antibody–antigen complexes (11% success), and we found that T cell receptor–antigen complexes are likewise not accurately modeled by that algorithm, showing that adaptive immune recognition poses a challenge for the current AlphaFold algorithm and model. Overall, our study demonstrates that end‐to‐end deep learning can accurately model many transient protein complexes, and highlights areas of improvement for future developments to reliably model any protein–protein interaction of interest.
Fenofibrate in primary sclerosing cholangitis; a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hatami Behzad , Mosala Mozhde , Hassani Amir Hossein , Ardakani Mohammad Javad Ehsani , Gholami Samira , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with no medical treatment proven to improve survival and postpone liver transplantation. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of fibrates in primary biliary cholangitis. The current study prospectively evaluated the effect of fenofibrate on PSC patients. We administered 200 mg of fenofibrate to PSC patients in the intervention arm and a placebo in the control arm once per day for 6 months and evaluated liver biochemistries (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin) and the Mayo Risk Score at the start and end of the study. The primary endpoint was defined as a reduction greater than 50% or normalization of ALP levels. Secondary endpoints were an improvement in the Mayo Risk Score and serum bilirubin levels. Thirty patients were included (19 female, 11 male, 40.2 ± 9.2 years old), all under treatment with Ursodeoxycholic acid prior to this study. ALP and ALT levels significantly decreased in the fenofibrate group, by 64.7% (mean difference = 557, p = 0.004, 95% CI = 208.72, 905.27) and 52.78%, (p = 0.006), respectively. The primary endpoint was achieved in 66.7% of patients (10 in 15) in the fenofibrate group versus 20% of patients (3 in 15) in the placebo group (p = 0.009). Other endpoints were not met. As studies have demonstrated lower levels of ALP may improve outcomes for PSC, our study resulted in significantly lower levels of ALP in the fenofibrate group, which could translate into better disease prognosis in PSC.
Release strategies of Telenomus podisi for control of Euschistus heros: a computational modeling approach
Authors: Weber Igor Daniel , Garcia Adriano Gomes , de Freitas Bueno Adeney , de Oliveira Regiane Cristina , Godoy Wesley Augusto Conde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe egg‐parasitoid wasp Telenomus podisi has received attention as a biological‐control agent for one of the most important soybean pests in Brazil, the stink bug Euschistus heros. As yet, no studies have conclusively established strategies for the release of T. podisi. We developed a computational model using cellular automata in the C programming language to investigate release strategies for T. podisi in soybean crops, in order to optimize the use of these wasps in managing E. heros, assuming a two‐dimensional grid of cells corresponding to a soybean field.RESULTSThe release strategies capable of maintaining an E. heros population below the Economic Threshold level involved releasing a total of at least 15 000 female parasitoids per hectare, in three or four releases of 5000 or more (equivalent to approximately 7142 or more male and female parasitoids per hectare, assuming a sex ratio of 0.70). A 25‐m spacing between release points or strips was indicated. The model is very sensitive to the variation in the number of parasitoids per release and in the number of releases, but little sensitive to the release mode and spacing values.CONCLUSIONThe theoretical results produced by the computational model are expected to guide future field studies to improve T. podisi release plans for managing E. heros in soybeans. Therefore, we recommend the release strategy of three to four releases of 5000 or more female parasitoids per hectare, at points or strips spaced 25 m apart, to be tested in field experiments for proper implementation by producers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.