bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecology and epidemiology of malaria parasitism in wild chimpanzee reservoirs
Authors: Scully Erik J. , Liu Weimin , Li Yingying , Ndjango Jean-Bosco N. , Peeters Martine , Kamenya Shadrack , Pusey Anne E. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Sanz Crickette M. , Morgan David B. , Piel Alex K. , Stewart Fiona A. , Gonder Mary K. , Simmons Nicole , Asiimwe Caroline , Zuberbühler Klaus , Koops Kathelijne , Chapman Colin A. , Chancellor Rebecca , Rundus Aaron , Huffman Michael A. , Wolfe Nathan D. , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Wrangham Richard W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) harbor rich assemblages of malaria parasites, including three species closely related to P. falciparum (sub-genus Laverania), the most malignant human malaria parasite. Here, we characterize the ecology and epidemiology of malaria infection in wild chimpanzee reservoirs. We used molecular assays to screen chimpanzee fecal samples, collected longitudinally and cross-sectionally from wild populations, for malaria parasite mitochondrial DNA. We found that chimpanzee malaria parasitism has an early age of onset and varies seasonally in prevalence. A subset of samples revealed Hepatocystis mitochondrial DNA, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting that Hepatocystis appears to cross species barriers more easily than Laverania. Longitudinal and cross-sectional sampling independently support the hypothesis that mean ambient temperature drives spatiotemporal variation in chimpanzee Laverania infection. Infection probability peaked at ~24.5 °C, consistent with the empirical transmission optimum of P. falciparum in humans. Forest cover was also positively correlated with spatial variation in Laverania prevalence, consistent with the observation that forest-dwelling Anophelines are the primary vectors. Extrapolating these relationships across equatorial Africa, we map spatiotemporal variation in the suitability of chimpanzee habitat for Laverania transmission, offering a hypothetical baseline indicator of human exposure risk.
The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in muscle cell mechanotransduction
Authors: Wilson Darren Graham Samuel , Tinker Andrew , Iskratsch Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDystrophin is the central protein of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in skeletal and heart muscle cells. Dystrophin connects the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Severing the link between the ECM and the intracellular cytoskeleton has a devastating impact on the homeostasis of skeletal muscle cells, leading to a range of muscular dystrophies. In addition, the loss of a functional DGC leads to progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death. Dystrophin functions as a molecular spring and the DGC plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Additionally, evidence is accumulating, linking the DGC to mechanosignalling, albeit this role is still less understood. This review article aims at providing an up-to-date perspective on the DGC and its role in mechanotransduction. We first discuss the intricate relationship between muscle cell mechanics and function, before examining the recent research for a role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in mechanotransduction and maintaining the biomechanical integrity of muscle cells. Finally, we review the current literature to map out how DGC signalling intersects with mechanical signalling pathways to highlight potential future points of intervention, especially with a focus on cardiomyopathies.
Akt/mTOR integrate energy metabolism with Wnt signal to influence wound epithelium growth in Gekko Japonicus
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Mao Zuming , Liu Zhuang , Xu Man , Huang Shuai , Wang Yin , Xu Yanran , Qi Longju , Liu Mei , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe formation of wound epithelium initiates regeneration of amputated tail in Gekko japonicus. Energy metabolism is indispensable for the growth of living creatures and typically influenced by temperature. In this study, we reveal that low temperature lowers energy metabolism level and inhibits the regeneration of amputated tails of Gekko japonicus. We further find that low temperature attenuates the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regenerated tissues upon injury signals, and the inhibition of Akt hinders proliferation of the wound epithelium. Additionally, wingless/integrated (Wnt) inhibition suppresses epithelium proliferation and formation by inhibiting Akt activation. Finally, low temperature elevates the activity of adenylate-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway and in turn attenuates wound epithelium formation. Meanwhile, either mTOR downregulation or AMPK upregulation is associated with worse wound epithelium formation. Summarily, low temperature restricts wound epithelium formation by influencing energy sensory pathways including Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling, which is also modulated by injury induced Wnt signal. Our results provide a mechanism that incorporates the injury signals with metabolic pathway to facilitate regeneration.
Solvent-free dehydration, cyclization, and hydrogenation of linalool with a dual heterogeneous catalyst system to generate a high-performance sustainable aviation fuel
Authors: Keller C. Luke , Doppalapudi Karan R. , Woodroffe Josanne-Dee , Harvey Benjamin G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of efficient catalytic methods for the synthesis of bio-based, full-performance jet fuels is critical for limiting the impacts of climate change while enabling a thriving modern society. To help address this need, here, linalool, a terpene alcohol that can be produced via fermentation of biomass sugars, was dehydrated, cyclized, and hydrogenated in a one-pot reaction under moderate reaction conditions. This sequence produced a biosynthetic fuel mixture primarily composed of 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexane (p-menthane) and 2,6-dimethyloctane (DMO). The reaction was promoted by a catalyst composed of commercial Amberlyst-15, H+ form, and 10% Pd/C. Two other terpenoid substrates (1,8-cineole and 1,4-cineole) were subjected to the same conditions and excellent conversion to high purity p-menthane was observed. The fuel mixture derived from linalool exhibits a 1.7% higher gravimetric heat of combustion and 66% lower kinematic viscosity at −20 °C compared to the limits for conventional jet fuel. These properties suggest that isomerized hydrogenated linalool (IHL) can be blended with conventional jet fuel or synthetic paraffinic kerosenes to deliver high-performance sustainable aviation fuels for commercial and military applications.
Machine learning-accelerated chemistry modeling of protoplanetary disks
Authors: Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V. , Molyarova Tamara , Semenov Dmitry A. , Akimkin Vitaly V. , van Terwisga Sierk , Francheschi Riccardo , Henning Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Aims. With the large amount of molecular emission data from (sub)millimeter observatories and incoming James Webb Space Telescope infrared spectroscopy, access to fast forward models of the chemical composition of protoplanetary disks is of paramount importance.
Methods. We used a thermo-chemical modeling code to generate a diverse population of protoplanetary disk models. We trained a K-nearest neighbors (KNN) regressor to instantly predict the chemistry of other disk models.
Results. We show that it is possible to accurately reproduce chemistry using just a small subset of physical conditions, thanks to correlations between the local physical conditions in adopted protoplanetary disk models. We discuss the uncertainties and limitations of this method.
Conclusions. The proposed method can be used for Bayesian fitting of the line emission data to retrieve disk properties from observations. We present a pipeline for reproducing the same approach on other disk chemical model sets.
Albumin als Schlüsselmarker
Authors: Grafen Keren 
Published: September 2022

SummaryStudien zufolge können bereits schwache nichtthermische elektromagnetische Felder die Durchlässigkeit der Blut-Hirn-Schranke verändern. Nach diesen Untersuchungen zeigt sich ein erhöhter Albumineinstrom in das Gehirn bei einem SAR-Wert von nur 10 mW/kg. Ein erhöhter Albumineinstrom in das Gehirn kann zahlreiche Prozesse auslösen, die mitunter zu pathologischen Veränderungen führen können.
Dem Gewitter Ruhe gebieten
Authors: Zimmermann Eliane 
Published: September 2022

SummaryDie Naturheilkunde kann bei verschiedenen Nervenstörungen hilfreich sein. Dabei kann die Aromatherapie eine Ergänzung durch die topische Behandlung bieten. Ätherische Öle können durch verschiedene Inhaltsstoffe und entsprechende Wirkmechanismen bei Nervenstörungen Beschwerden lindern, zum Beispiel durch das schmerzlindernde Methylsalicylat, aus welchem Wintergrünöl hauptsächlich besteht. Beispielsweise bei neuropathischen Schmerzen, dem Hand-Fuß- Syndrom, Restless-Legs-Syndrom und bei Migräne gibt es hilfreiche unterstützende Konzepte der Aromatherapie, die teilweise auch durch Studien untermauert werden.
Nährstoffe gegen Ataxie und Fatigue
Authors: Noschinski Dirk-Rüdiger 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIm Anschluss an die Akutbehandlung des Guillain-Barré-Syndroms bietet sich eine gezielte naturheilkundliche, insbesondere orthomolekulare Therapie zur Unterstützung und Sicherung der Remission an. Im vorliegenden Fall ergab die Untersuchung unter anderem chronische Fatigue sowie leichte Gangataxie und laboranalytisch ein Leaky-Gut-Syndrom, eine Weizenallergie sowie einen Vitamin-D- und Mineralstoffmangel. Die Behandlung mit Mineralstoffen, Spurenelementen, Vitamin D, Pregnenolon 1 % Salbe, Probiotika, Osteopathie sowie Glutenverzicht führte zu einer deutlichen Besserung und stellte die Arbeitsfähigkeit des Patienten wieder her.
The Use of the Ilizarov Fixator for the Treatment of Open and Closed Tibial Shaft and Distal Tibial Fractures in Patients with Complex Cases
Authors: Cibura Charlotte , Ull Christopher , Rosteius Thomas , Lotzien Sebastian , Godolias Periklis , Rausch Valentin , Schildhauer Thomas , Kruppa Christiane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Open and closed fractures of the tibial shaft or distal tibia can be challenging for surgeons to treat if the fractures are accompanied by aggravating conditions, such as various accompanying diseases, pronounced soft tissue injuries, osteomyelitis, and/or noncompliance. The aim of this retrospective study was to present our approach and results with the Ilizarov fixator as a treatment option for such individually complex cases. Materials and Methods Between 2005 and 2018, 20 patients were treated with the Ilizarov fixator for fractures of the tibial shaft/distal tibia. The indication for this was a 2nd- to 3rd-degree open fracture in 10 patients, a 1st-degree open fracture in one patient, and closed fractures in 9 patients. Aggravating conditions included soft tissue injuries, osteomyelitis, leg deformities, multiple traumas, smoking, alcohol/drug abuse, and obesity (BMI > 60). In addition to demographic data,
the time of fixator treatment, complications, and the endpoint of consolidation were evaluated retrospectively. Results The mean time of fixator treatment was 29 (range 15–65) weeks. Complete fracture consolidation was achieved in 13 patients (65%) with the Ilizarov fixator. The mean follow-up period after fixator removal was 36 (range 2–186) months in 14 patients. Five patients with complete consolidation were lost to further follow-up. One patient was amputated. In six patients without union, internal osteosynthesis was carried out. Conclusion The use of the Ilizarov fixator is a treatment option for individual high-risk patients with complicating courses but should be seen as a salvage procedure due to the high complication rate and long treatment process.
Effect of Lockdown on Neurosurgery Trauma Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Roy Ashutosh , Jaiswal S. , Bajaj A. , Yadav Awdhesh , Jaiswal M. , Ojha B. K. , Chandra A. , Srivastava C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background With an increasing number of cases of COVID-19 disease, the Indian government announced a complete lockdown on March 24, 2020, and the country remained under complete lockdown in April 2020. After ramping up health infrastructure and although cases were on the rise, the lockdown was ordered to gradually lift in May 2020.
Methodology It was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients admitted to our medical college trauma center in April 2020 and who were compared with April 2019. We studied the prevalence and outcome of road traffic accidents (RTA), assault, and fall from height (FFH) victims admitted to our trauma center. Data were collected using an Excel sheet, and statistical analysis was done using the latest available SSPS software.
Results Our study groups included 124 trauma patients from April 2020 as compared with 322 trauma patients from April 2019. The intense lockdown resulted in a decrease in the number of RTA (−72%), FFH (–29%), and assault patients (–7%). There was no statistically significant change in patients' care and management at our center in terms of mortality and morbidity. No Covid-19-positive neurosurgery trauma patients were admitted in April 2020 to our center.
Conclusion During the stringent lockdown period of April 2020, there was a significant decrease in the number of trauma victims, especially RTAs. The intense lockdown resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of trauma victims under the influence of alcohol, head injuries, fractures, and dislocations along with a decrease in the number of cases of assaults and FFH as compared with the unlock period.
Multilingualism, translanguaging and transknowledging
Authors: Heugh Kathleen , French Mei , Arya Vandana , Pham Min , Tudini Vincenza , Billinghurst Necia , Tippett Neil , Chang Li-Ching , Nichols Julie , Viljoen Jeanne-Marie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKey findings, analysis and recommendations that have emerged from a research project, ‘Using Human Language Technology to enhance academic integrity, inclusivity, knowledge exchange, student diversity and retention’ at the University of South Australia conducted in 2019 are discussed in this article. The primary purpose of the project was to address some of the challenges and opportunities afforded by increasing student and teacher diversity at a predominantly English-medium Australian university through newly enhanced human language translation technology (HLT) also known as machine translation (MT). This technology is frequently used for the translation of human language, and it falls under the umbrella of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. From the institution’s perspective, key aims of the project were to contribute to the university’s Digital Learning Strategy priorities and core values embedded in a structural transformation of the university. These include integrity, accountability, diversity, social justice, engagement and collaboration. The researchers’ objectives focussed on multilingual pedagogies using HLT to support knowledge exchange (transknowledging), and translanguaging for all students. These disrupt inequitable hierarchies, and position bi-/multilingual students as valuable resources for monolingual staff and students.
A war triggered by translation
Authors: Wang Yuechen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article studies the impact of Chinese biblical translation on the Taiping Rebellion in China in the nineteenth century. The rebellion built its ideology based on a unique interpretation of the Bible, aiming at overthrowing the Qing government and building a kingdom of heaven in China. The Bible that had inspired the rebellion was later altered, annotated, and became the Taiping Bible, which integrated the political agenda of the rebellion. This research traces such an event of the Chinese translation of the Bible in the nineteenth century, investigates its connection with the rise of the rebellion and analyzes the Taiping Bible. By examining the discrepancies between the Chinese translation of the Bible and the Taiping Bible, this paper explores the role that translation plays in triggering the rebellion and demonstrates the interplay between translation and the socio-cultural environment in China during that period.
Combinatorial sputter deposition of ultrathick Au-Bi alloy films
Authors: Bayu Aji L B , Engwall A M , Shin S J , Bae J H , Baker A A , Strozzi D J , McCall S K , Moody J D , Kucheyev S O 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gold-bismuth alloys are of interest as catalysts and catalytic sensing systems, electrochemical sensors, superconductors, and hohlraums for magnetically assisted inertial confinement fusion implosions. Radiation-hydrodynamics simulations with the Lasnex code of laser-driven hohlraums predict higher x-ray drive from Au-Bi alloys compared with cases of Au-Ta or pure Au and Bi hohlraums. Here, we use direct current magnetron sputtering in Ar gas, with co-sputtering from two elemental targets, to deposit Au-Bi alloys with Bi content of 9–77 at.% and thicknesses up to ∼20 µm. Films are characterized by a combination of x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, scanning electron microscopy, substrate-curvature-based residual stress, and electronic transport measurements. Experiments are complemented by Monte Carlo simulations of ballistic sputtering and gas phase transport of depositing species and Ar gas atoms. Results show that all films are polycrystalline, with three distinct compositional regimes dominated by Au, Au2Bi, and Bi crystallographic phases. A metallic behavior of the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity is observed for all the films. Films with Bi content above ∼30 at.% exhibit porosity, which is tolerable to hohlraum x-ray drive based on Lasnex simulations.
Temperature-dependent mechanical properties and the microscopic deformation mechanism of bilayer γ-graphdiyne under tension
Authors: Song Bo , Yang Bolin , Zhang Cun , Wang Chao , Chen Shaohua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

γ-graphdiyne (γ-GDY) is a new two-dimensional carbon allotrope that has received increasing attention in scientific and engineering fields. The mechanical properties of γ-GDY should be thoroughly understood for realizing their practical applications. Although γ-GDY is synthesized and employed mainly in their bilayer or multilayer forms, previous theoretical studies mainly focused on the single-layer form. To evaluate the characteristics of the multilayer form, the mechanical properties of the bilayer γ-GDY (γ-BGDY) were tested under uniaxial tension using the molecular dynamics simulations. The stress–strain relation of γ-BGDY is highly temperature-dependent and exhibits a brittle-to-ductile transition with increasing temperature. When the temperature is below the critical brittle-to-ductile transition temperature, γ-BGDY cracks in a brittle manner and the fracture strain decreases with increasing temperature. Otherwise, it exhibits ductile characteristics and the fracture strain increases with temperature. Such a temperature-dependent brittle-to-ductile transition is attributed to the interlayer cooperative deformation mechanism, in which the co-rearrangement of neighboring layers is dominated by thermal vibrations of carbon atoms in diacetylenic chains. Furthermore, the brittle-to-ductile transition behavior of γ-BGDY is independent of loading direction and loading rate. The ultimate stress and Young’s modulus decrease at higher temperatures. These results are beneficial for the design of advanced γ-GDY-based devices.
Ti–Cl bonds decorated Ti2NT
x
MXene towards high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cao Yuyang , Wei Shiqiang , Zhou Quan , Zhang Pengjun , Wang Changda , Zhu Kefu , Xu Wenjie , Guo Xin , Yang Xiya , Wang Yixiu , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Shuangming , Song Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transition metal carbides or nitrides, collectively known as MXenes, are burgeoning two-dimensional materials for energy conversion and storage. The surface chemistry of MXenes could be specially tuned by the modified surface terminations, which directly influences their physicochemical properties. However, the in-depth study and understanding of the specific microstructure and the influence on the electrochemical performance of these terminations remain lacking. Herein, we present an accordion layered Ti2NT
x
MXene with –Cl and –O terminations obtained from copper chloride molten salt etching at a relatively low temperature. X-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal the formation of Ti–Cl and Ti–O bonds on the surface of Ti2NT
x
MXene. Density functional theory calculations further suggest that the surface terminations tend to be replaced by –O terminations after Ti–Cl decoration, which implies promising lithium-ion storage performance due to the high lithium affinity of –O terminations. As a result, the Ti2NT
x
MXene based electrode delivers a high reversible capacity (303.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), stable cycling capability (1200 cycles without capacity attenuation), and fast Li+ storage (52% capacity retention at 32 C). This work provides a new vision for MXene surface chemistry and an effective avenue to prepare high-performance nitride electrodes, expanding the diversity and controllability of the MXenes family.
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals for x-ray scintillators
Authors: Jin Handong , Yang Shihe , Iqbal Muhammad Ahsan , Zeng Yu-Jia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Radiation detection, converting high-energy (keV) photons to lower energy (1.7–3 eV) photons, is of great importance in various fields, including medical diagnostics, quality inspection, and security checking. High-resolution scintillation imaging based on lead halide perovskite nanocrystals is very promising for these applications owing to their high absorption cross-section for x-rays, fast decay time, room temperature fabrication, tunable bandgap, low trap density, and near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield. Although considerable achievements have been made, challenges remain for future industrialization. Herein, the progress of scintillators based on lead halide perovskite nanocrystals is reviewed, including their working mechanisms, key parameters, and the relationship between growth conditions and performance. An overview of the current state in this promising research area toward high-performance x-ray scintillators is provided, along with a look at some of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.