bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and Mass Transfer Correlations for Staggered Nanoporous Membrane Tubes in Flue Gas Crossflow
Authors: Al-Rifai Saja , Lin Cheng-Xian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The use of transport membrane condenser (TMC) technology to recover heat and mass from the flue gas has been increasing recently. The heat and mass transfer from the TMC tube bundle have been studied experimentally and numerically, and several numerical models have been proposed. Although many heat transfer and pressure drop correlations are available for single-phase flows over tube bundles of solid walls, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of heat and mass transfer and pressure drop correlations for the porous membrane tubes with condensing flue gas that cover a wide range of parameters. In this study, the heat transfer, mass transfer, and pressure drop imposed by the crossflow ceramic nanoporous tubes in TMC have been studied numerically within wide ranges of tube diameters (4.57–7.62 mm), number of rows (2–24 rows), and Reynolds number (170–8900), under flue gas condensation. The turbulent flow of the flue gas mixture was modeled by the shear stress transport SST k−ω turbulence model. A hybrid/mixed condensation model written in user defined functions was employed to calculate the water vapor condensation rate. Numerical results with condensing flue gas are compared to available correlations for single-phase Nusselt number and pressure drops in the literature. It was found that except for selected conditions, the single-phase correlations noticeably differed from the TMC numerical results. Empirical TMC correlations for heat transfer and pressure drops with respect to condensation rate, number of rows, and the nanoporous membrane geometrical properties were derived thereby. The derived correlations for TMC show a good agreement with numerical data for all investigated parameters and can predict the 96% of the convective Nusselt number, overall Nusselt number, and friction factor inside the TMC within ±10%, ±10%, and ±15%, respectively. The effects of key parameters on the heat transfer, mass transfer, and pressure drops are illustrated and discussed in detail.
Weakly Nonlinear Stability of Thermosolutal Convection in an Oldroyd-B Fluid-Saturated Anisotropic Porous Layer Using a Local Thermal Nonequilibrium Model
Authors: Kumar C. Hemanth , Shankar B. M. , Shivakumara I. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The two-temperature model of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) is utilized to investigate a weakly nonlinear stability of thermosolutal convection in an Oldroyd-B fluid-saturated anisotropic porous layer. The anisotropies in permeability, thermal conductivities of the porous medium, and solutal diffusivity are accounted for by second-order tensors with their principal directions coinciding with the horizontal and vertical coordinate axes. A modified Darcy–Oldroyd model is employed to describe the flow in a porous medium bounded by impermeable plane walls with uniform and unequal temperatures as well as solute concentrations. The cubic-Landau equations are derived in the neighborhood of stationary and oscillatory onset using a modified perturbation approach and the stability of bifurcating equilibrium solutions is discussed. The advantage is taken to present some additional results on the linear instability aspects as well. It is manifested that the solutal anisotropy parameter also plays a decisive role on the instability characteristics of the system. It is found that the stationary bifurcating solution transforms from supercritical to subcritical while the oscillatory bifurcating solution transforms from supercritical to subcritical and revert to supercritical. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are used to examine the influence of LTNE and viscoelastic parameters on heat and mass transfer, respectively. The results of Maxwell fluid are outlined as a particular case from this study.
Nutrition and Physical Activity in British Army Officer Cadet Training Part 2—Daily Distribution of Energy and Macronutrient Intake
Authors: Edwards Victoria C. , Myers Stephen D. , Wardle Sophie L. , Siddall Andrew G. , Powell Steve D. , Needham-Beck Sarah , Jackson Sarah , Greeves Julie P. , Blacker Sam D. 
Published: March 2022

Dietary intake and physical activity impact performance and adaptation during training. The aims of this study were to compare energy and macronutrient intake during British Army Officer Cadet training with dietary guidelines and describe daily distribution of energy and macronutrient intake and estimated energy expenditure. Thirteen participants (seven women) were monitored during three discrete periods of military training for 9 days on-camp, 5 days of field exercise, and 9 days of a mixture of the two. Dietary intake was measured using researcher-led food weighing and food diaries, and energy expenditure was estimated from wrist-worn accelerometers. Energy intake was below guidelines for men (4,600 kcal/day) and women (3,500 kcal/day) during on-camp training (men = −16% and women = −9%), field exercise (men = −33% and women = −42%), and combined camp and field training (men and women both −34%). Carbohydrate intake of men and women were below guidelines (6 g·kg−1·day−1) during field exercise (men = −18% and women = −37%) and combined camp and field training (men = −33% and women = −39%), respectively. Protein intake was above guidelines (1.2 kcal·kg−1·day−1) for men and women during on-camp training (men = 48% and women = 39%) and was below guidelines during field exercise for women only (−27%). Energy and macronutrient intake during on-camp training centered around mealtimes with a discernible sleep/wake cycle for energy expenditure. During field exercise, energy and macronutrient intake were individually variable, and energy expenditure was high throughout the day and night. These findings could be used to inform evidenced-based interventions to change the amount and timing of energy and macronutrient intake around physical activity to optimize performance and adaptations during military training.
Landslide deposits and mechanisms in the eastern Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA
Authors: Ferry* Nicholas , Sturmer† Daniel M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Large-scale landslide deposits (covering &gt;1 km2) are prevalent throughout the Basin and Range province. However, their presence and importance in the evolution of the Basin and Range remain poorly recognized. On this field trip, we will visit four landslide deposits along the eastern flank of the Spring Mountains on the western margin of Las Vegas Valley. The first half of the day will be spent looking at vertical and lateral textures within the Blue Diamond landslide deposit, which mostly caps hills and ridges between the southern ends of the Wilson Cliffs and Blue Diamond Hill. We interpret this deposit as having a two-phase emplacement, with an initial rock avalanche emplacement onto Blue Diamond Hill, followed by failure as a rock compound landslide along weak gypsum layers in the Kaibab Formation. During the second half of the day, we will visit a smaller rock avalanche deposit (La Madre), a large rock compound slide that resulted from failure of the northern flank of Blue Diamond Hill (Red Rock Wash), and a large block of Paleozoic rock that likely was emplaced as either a rock compound slide or a rock planar slide (Lone Mountain).
Ethical guidance or epistemological injustice? The quality and usefulness of ethical guidance for humanitarian workers and agencies
Authors: Sheather Julian , Apunyo Ronald , DuBois Marc , Khondaker Ruma , Noman Abdullahal , Sadique Sohana , McGowan Catherine R 
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the quality and usefulness of ethical guidance for humanitarian aid workers and their agencies. We focus specifically on public health emergencies, such as COVID-19. The authors undertook a literature review and gathered empirical data through semi-structured focus group discussions amongst front-line workers from health clinics in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh and in the Abyei Special Administrative Area, South Sudan. The purpose of the project was to identify how front-line workers respond to ethical challenges, including any informal or local decision-making processes, support networks, or habits of response.The research findings highlighted a dissonance between ethical guidance and the experiences of front-line humanitarian health workers. They suggest the possibility: (1) that few problems confronting front-line workers are conceived, described, or resolved as ethical problems; and (2) of significant dissonance between available, allegedly practically oriented guidance (often produced by academics in North America and Europe), and the immediate issues confronting front-line workers. The literature review and focus group data suggest a real possibility that there is, at best, a significant epistemic gulf between those who produce ethical guidelines and those engaged in real-time problem solving at the point of contact with people. At worst they suggest a form of epistemic control—an imposition of cognitive shapes that shoehorn the round peg of theoretical preoccupations and the disciplinary boundaries of western academies into the square hole of front-line humanitarian practice.
Identification of models, theoretical design and formal evaluation of integrated specialist community health service provision for the first 2000 days: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Nelson Helen Jean , Munns Ailsa , Ong Sarah , Watson Leanne , Burns Sharyn 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe first 2000 days of a child’s life (during pregnancy up to age 5 years) represent a critical period, in which early interventions reduce risk associated with developmental delay, disability and intergenerational disadvantage. The risk is exacerbated by barriers to specialised early intervention for children and families. This scoping review seeks to contribute to the evidence for sustaining integrated community-based specialist care in these earliest years of a child’s life.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review framework will be followed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for screening of literature is predefined, guided by the criteria of population, concept and context. The review will identify models of care delivery, and will identify quality of care outcomes that have been measured, including evidence of reliability and validity. Sources of evidence will include CINAHL, Cochrane databases, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus.Ethics and disseminationIn a three-part study, evidence synthesis from the scoping review of the literature; mapping of existing specialist early years services in one community and a consumer consultation (Curtin University Human Research Ethics approval HRE2021-0546) in the same community will inform a model of integrated care that accounts for the context of the community it seeks to serve. Results will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, contributing to the evidence base for delivering sustainable community-based integrated care in the context of the first 2000 days. This protocol is specific to the scoping review.
Knowledge and attitudes among Lebanese pregnant women and women seeking fertility treatment during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: El Taha Lina , Beyrouthy Christine , Tamim Hani , Ghazeeri Ghina 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesCOVID-19 has been recognised as a global health emergency necessitating collaborative efforts to halt further disease spread. The success of public health interventions and vaccination campaigns is contingent on the knowledge and awareness level of the public. We aim to assess COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes among Lebanese pregnant women and women seeking fertility treatment.DesignCross-sectional study using telehealth administered survey.SettingUniversity-affiliated tertiary care centre.ParticipantsThe data of 402-Lebanese women pregnant or seeking fertility treatment aged 20–45 years were analysed.Outcome measuresExtent of COVID-19 general knowledge, pregnancy-specific knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 practices.ResultsAll participants reported being knowledgeable about COVID-19, 70% of which rated their knowledge as 7 or more on a numerical scale of 0–10. The mean general COVID-19 knowledge was 22.15 (SD 2.44, range 14–27) indicating a high level of knowledge. The mean pregnancy-specific COVID-19 knowledge 6.84 (SD 2.061, range 0–10) indicated poorer pregnancy-specific knowledge compared with general COVID-19 knowledge. A trend towards higher knowledge was noted with higher income status. Reproductive age women with higher pregnancy-specific knowledge had more positive attitudes toward COVID-19 pregnancy practices.ConclusionOur findings suggest a deficiency in pregnancy-specific COVID-19 knowledge stressing the necessity for targeted public health education interventions. It highlights the need for enhancing COVID-19 pregnancy-specific awareness which can serve as a stepping stone in the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns and in halting further disease spread.
Investigating the role and applicability of patient versions of guidelines in oncology and deriving recommendations for the development, dissemination and implementation of patient versions in Germany: protocol for multiphase study
Authors: Becker Monika , Bühn Stefanie , Meyer Nora , Blödt Susanne , Carl Günther , Follmann Markus , Frenz Stefanie , Langer Thomas , Nothacker Monika , Santesso Nancy , Schaefer Corinna , Pieper Dawid 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe German Guideline Program in Oncology (GGPO) has published patient versions of clinical practice guidelines for more than 10 years. However, a systematic evaluation of these is lacking. The project aims to investigate the role and applicability of patient versions by considering the perspectives of experts, patients and healthcare providers to derive recommendations for the development, dissemination and implementation of patient versions in Germany.Methods and analysisThe project comprises two main modules. In module 1, we will first obtain information on methods and approaches for the development, dissemination and implementation of patient versions by conducting systematic searches in Medline and screening the websites of guideline organisations. We will include any articles, such as methodological or empirical reports, published in German or English since 2000, that address methodological aspects related to patient versions. Further, we will conduct 20 interviews with experts from international and German organisations who are involved in the development of patient versions. In module 2, we will first conduct interviews to explore patients and healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient versions of the GGPO. For the group of patients and the group of healthcare providers, we aim to conduct 25 interviews each. Second, we will conduct focus groups, separately for breast, prostate and colon cancer. The recruitment of participants for the interviews and focus groups will primarily be done through a previous survey about patient versions in oncology. The results will be used to derive recommendations for enhancing the development, dissemination and implementation of patient versions by involving the relevant stakeholder groups.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the qualitative parts of the project was given by the Ethics Committee of Witten/Herdecke University (number 160/2021). Participants will be required to provide informed consent. The project findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Efficacy of the integrative Body–Mind–Spirit group intervention for improving quality of life in parent–child dyads adjusting to atopic dermatitis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hui Victoria Ka Ying , Chan Celia Hoi Yan , Fung Yat Lui , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan , Luk Martha Sin Ki 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common childhood inflammatory skin problem affecting 15%–30% of children. Although AD adversely impacts the psychosocial well-being of children and their parent caregivers, parents’ psychosocial well-being is seldom mentioned in most non-pharmacological education programmes. A family-based psychosocial intervention, Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit (I-BMS) intervention, is examined. This study compares the efficacy of two versions of the I-BMS intervention (one delivered to both parents and children; one delivered to parents only) with a health education active control (delivered to parents only) in promoting adaptive emotional regulation and quality of life of children with AD and their parent caregivers.Methods and analysisThis is a three-arm, with equal randomisation, parallel randomised controlled trial. 192 parent–child dyads will be recruited through hospitals and non-governmental organisations in Hong Kong. Each dyad will complete an individual pre-group screening interview. Eligible dyads will be randomised in a ratio of 1:1:1 into one of the three arms. Each arm consists of six weekly sessions. A computer-generated list of random numbers will be used to perform randomisation. The primary outcomes are quality of life and emotional regulation. Assessments are administered at baseline, post-intervention and 6-week follow-up. Mixed factorial Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVAs) based on intention-to-treat principle will be conducted to examine the efficacy of the two I-BMS interventions. Structural equation modelling will be conducted to examine the parent–child interdependent effects of intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong (EA2001001) and the Institutional Review Board of the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong (UW 21-400, KC/KE-20-0360/FR-2, NTEC-2021-0408). Consent will be sought from participating parents and children. Parental consent for child participants will also be obtained. Findings will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences in medical dermatology, paediatrics and social work.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04617977).
Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy against prostate cancer
Authors: Terrisse Safae , Goubet Anne-Gaelle , Ueda Kousuke , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Quiniou Valentin , Thelemaque Cassandra , Dunsmore Garett , Clave Emmanuel , Gamat-Huber Melissa , Yonekura Satoru , Ferrere Gladys , Rauber Conrad , Pham Hang Phuong , Fahrner Jean-Eudes , Pizzato Eugenie , Ly Pierre , Fidelle Marine , Mazzenga Marine , Costa Silva Carolina Alves , Armanini Federica , Pinto Federica , Asnicar Francesco , Daillère Romain , Derosa Lisa , Richard Corentin , Blanchard Pierre , Routy Bertrand , Culine Stéphane , Opolon Paule , Silvin Aymeric , Ginhoux Florent , Toubert Antoine , Segata Nicola , McNeel Douglas G , Fizazi Karim , Kroemer Guido , Zitvogel Laurence 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundProstate cancer (PC) responds to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) usually in a transient fashion, progressing from hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC) to castration-resistant PC (CRPC). We investigated a mouse model of PC as well as specimens from PC patients to unravel an unsuspected contribution of thymus-derived T lymphocytes and the intestinal microbiota in the efficacy of ADT.MethodsPreclinical experiments were performed in PC-bearing mice, immunocompetent or immunodeficient. In parallel, we prospectively included 65 HSPC and CRPC patients (Oncobiotic trial) to analyze their feces and blood specimens.ResultsIn PC-bearing mice, ADT increased thymic cellularity and output. PC implanted in T lymphocyte-depleted or athymic mice responded less efficiently to ADT than in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, depletion of the intestinal microbiota by oral antibiotics reduced the efficacy of ADT. PC reduced the relative abundance ofAkkermansia muciniphilain the gut, and this effect was reversed by ADT. Moreover, cohousing of PC-bearing mice with tumor-free mice or oral gavage withAkkermansiaimproved the efficacy of ADT. This appears to be applicable to PC patients because long-term ADT resulted in an increase of thymic output, as demonstrated by an increase in circulating recent thymic emigrant cells (sjTRECs). Moreover, as compared with HSPC controls, CRPC patients demonstrated a shift in their intestinal microbiota that significantly correlated with sjTRECs. While feces from healthy volunteers restored ADT efficacy, feces from PC patients failed to do so.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the potential clinical utility of reversing intestinal dysbiosis and repairing acquired immune defects in PC patients.
Efficacy of a nurse-led patient education intervention in promoting safety skills of patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with biologics: a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Beauvais Catherine , Fayet Françoise , Rousseau Alexandra , Sordet Christelle , Pouplin Sophie , Maugars Yves , Poilverd Rose Marie , Savel Carine , Ségard Véronique , Godon Béatrice , L’amour Christian , Perdriger Aleth , Brin Fabienne , Peyrard Patricia , Chalier Fabienne , Pallot-Prades Béatrice , Tuffet Sophie , Griffoul Isabelle , Gossec Laure 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a nurse-led patient education on safety skills of patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).MethodsThis is a multicentre, open-labelled, randomised controlled trial comparing an intervention group (face-to-face education by a nurse at baseline and 3 months later) with a control group (usual care) at the introduction of a first subcutaneous bDMARD. The primary outcome was score on the BioSecure questionnaire at 6 months (0–100 scale), a validated questionnaire assessing competencies in dealing with fever, infections, vaccination and daily situations. The secondary outcomes were disease activity, coping, psychological well-being, beliefs about medication, self-efficacy and severe infection rate.Results129 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis were enrolled in nine rheumatology departments; 122 completed the study; 127 were analysed; and 64 received the intervention (mean duration: 65 min at baseline and 44 min at 3 months). The primary outcome was met: the BioSecure score was 81.2±13.1 and 75.6±13.0 in the education and usual care groups (difference: +6.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.1, p=0.015), demonstrating higher safety skills in the education group. Exploratory analyses showed better skills regarding infections, greater willingness for vaccinations and greater adherence-related behaviours in the education group. Coping was significantly more improved by education; other secondary outcomes were improved in both groups, with no difference.ConclusionsEducating patients was effective in promoting patient behaviours for preventing adverse events with bDMARDs. An education session delivered to patients starting a first bDMARD can be useful to help them self-manage safety issues.Trial registration numberNCT02855320.