bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lubricant for reducing perineal trauma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Qiuyu , Cao Xiao , Hu Shasha , Sun Mingyao , Lai Honghao , Hou Liangying , Wang Qi , Wu Cailiang , Wu Yu , Xiao Lin , Luo Xiaofeng , Tian Jinhui , Ge Long , Shi Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of lubricants on reducing perineal trauma during vaginal delivery.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov, were searched for literature up to 25 June 2021. Randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese that compared the vaginal application of lubricant with standard care for women were included. Two reviewers independently performed study screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and certainty of evidence assessment. Pooled effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using meta‐analysis.ResultsNineteen trials enrolling 5445 pregnant women were included. Compared with standard care, women using lubricants had a lower incidence of perineal trauma (risk ratio [RR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.93; low certainty evidence), second‐degree perineal laceration (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.82; moderate certainty evidence) and episiotomy (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.96; very low certainty evidence), and had a shorter duration of the second‐stage labor (MD −13.72 min, 95% CI −22.68 to −4.77; very low certainty evidence).ConclusionLubricants might reduce the incidence of perineal trauma, especially second‐degree perineal laceration, and shorten the duration of the second‐stage labor. More well‐designed studies will continue developing high‐quality evidence in this field.
A new method for single spore isolation and fungicide resistance monitoring of Cercospora beticola, and the first report of QoI‐resistant isolates with G143A or F129L mutations of the CbCyt b gene in China
Authors: Liu Qi , Dong Ganggang , Qi Houchen , Feng Zhengguo , Zhang Zongying , Han Chenggui , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora beticola is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet worldwide and is mainly controlled by timely fungicide applications. Recently, CLS control by pyraclostrobin exhibited significantly reduced efficiency in some fields of the Chifeng area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Purification of fungi by single spore isolation is essential for the study of fungal and fungicide resistance. However, the conventional single spore isolation and fungicide sensitivity assay for C. beticola are time‐consuming with a risk of contamination. We developed a new method for single spore isolation of C. beticola, which facilitated monitoring fungicide sensitivity of infected field samples. First, the composite spore suspension was prepared from typical lesions by vortex in the sterilized centrifuge tube. Then, the diluted spore suspension was spread on the streptomycin‐amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate or the PDA plate contained a threshold dosage of specific fungicide. The C. beticola colony derived from a single spore could be observed with naked eye and easily isolated by a sterilized scalpel knife after 36 h of incubation at 25°C. Meanwhile, the percentage of fungicide‐resistant or ‐tolerant isolates could be analysed based on the growth of different PDA media within 3 days. Based on this method, we identified that 22.88% of the C. beticola isolates were resistant to pyraclostrobin in the Chifeng area, indicating a high risk of emergence of C. beticola‐resistant strains to QoI fungicides in this area. Furthermore, the G143A or F129L mutation of the cytochrome b (Cyt‐b) gene was found in these resistant isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. beticola QoI‐resistant isolates with G143A or F129L mutation of CbCyt‐b gene in China. Our approach provides considerable potential for studying the biology, fitness and fungicide resistance of C. beticola.
Antibiotic resistance and virulence factor gene profile of A. hydrophila isolated from carp (Cyprinidae) suspected with hemorrhagic septicemia in Gilan, Iran
Authors: Goudarztalejerdi Ali , Yavari Morteza , Nouri Kalourazi Mahdi , Borzouei Fatemeh , Manouchehri Tabar Arash , Tolouei Gilani Javad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the antibacterial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 42) isolated from the 100 hemorrhagic septicemia-suspected carp in Gilan, Iran. The prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons, antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and virulence factor genes (VFG) among these isolates was investigated using PCR. Also, the possible association between the presence of VFGs and the antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was assessed. The majority of A. hydrophila isolates (83·33%) exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) profile, and all isolates were resistant to clindamycin, while all isolates were susceptible to amikacin. intI1 and intI2 gene was found in 26·2 and 4·8% isolates, respectively. This is the first report of the presence of the intI2 gene in A. hydrophila isolates in Iran. The blaTEM (40·5%) and tetA (33·3%) genes were found as the predominant ARGs. The most frequently detected VFGs were lip and ahh1(90·5%), while the examined isolates carrying at least three VFGs and the most prevalent VFGs profile was ast+, act+, alt+, ahhl+, aerA+, ahyB+ and lip+. The results of this study indicate a positive association between the presence of VFGs and antibiotic resistance, and most MDR A. hydrophila isolates showed high frequencies of VFGs.
Studies in the English‐language Robinsonade at the Crusoe tercentenary
Authors: Lipski Jakub 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis survey article introduces the main areas of research into the English‐language Robinsonade in the context of the Robinson Crusoe tercentenary of 2019. It identifies the major fields of scholarly investigation as generic and formal approaches, with attempts made at defining the Robinsonade, as well as readings from postcolonial, feminist and intermedial perspectives. The article also pays attention to the contribution of childhood and children's literature studies and game studies, and the most recent explorations in ecocriticism and post‐humanism. The wide panorama of research in the Robinsonade is testimony to the continuous relevance of this adaptable and protean form in various critical contexts.
Honouring student repertoires: connecting oracy to “ways of being”
Authors: Gannaway Jessica M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper employs autoethnography in a multilingual indigenous community in the north of Australia to examine the in‐practice challenges of both oracy and dialogue in a classroom in which shared language and culture are minimal. Through narrative, this paper examines some dilemmas of dialogue, particularly in regard to the ontological responsiveness needed to create a classroom in which all members are able to participate dialogically. In seeking to crack open the culturally situated nature of oracy and dialogue, doing so through examinations of other “ways of oracy” that occur in the local indigenous context, this paper proposes that the dilemmas around dialogue for CALD students are not just issues of linguistic and cultural access but also an ontological third space. The nature of this challenge requires teachers to first engage with reflective ontological and pedagogical ‘moves’ as a precursor to dialogic possibilities in the classroom. Drawing on intercultural communication, third space theory and the cultural interface, this paper illustrates some possibilities for teacher reflection to ensure greater recognition of all students' repertoires and increased dialogic possibility.
Signaling by reactive molecules and antioxidants in legume nodules
Authors: Minguillón Samuel , Matamoros Manuel A. , Duanmu Deqiang , Becana Manuel 
Published: August 2022

SummaryLegume nodules are symbiotic structures formed as a result of the interaction with rhizobia. Nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that is assimilated by the plant and this process requires strict metabolic regulation and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved as signal molecules at all stages of symbiosis, from rhizobial infection to nodule senescence. Also, reactive sulfur species (RSS) are emerging as important signals for an efficient symbiosis. Homeostasis of reactive molecules is mainly accomplished by antioxidant enzymes and metabolites and is essential to allow redox signaling while preventing oxidative damage. Here, we examine the metabolic pathways of reactive molecules and antioxidants with an emphasis on their functions in signaling and protection of symbiosis. In addition to providing an update of recent findings while paying tribute to original studies, we identify several key questions. These include the need of new methodologies to detect and quantify ROS, RNS, and RSS, avoiding potential artifacts due to their short lifetimes and tissue manipulation; the regulation of redox‐active proteins by post‐translational modification; the production and exchange of reactive molecules in plastids, peroxisomes, nuclei, and bacteroids; and the unknown but expected crosstalk between ROS, RNS, and RSS in nodules.
Stronger mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help Asteraceae invaders outcompete the phylogenetically related natives
Authors: Sun Dasheng , Yang Xueping , Wang Yi , Fan Yu , Ding Pengcheng , Song Xi'E , Yuan Xiangyang , Yang Xuefang 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) greatly affect the outcome of plant–plant competition, especially for invasive plants competing against native plants. We examined the effects of AMF on the competition between invasive Asteraceae plants and the phylogenetically related native plants.

We compared the performance of seven invasive Asteraceae plants from different genera with that of their phylogenetically related native counterparts in response to AMF in monocultures and mixed cultures. We investigated how interactions with AMF impact the competition between Asteraceae relatives.

Total biomass increased with AMF colonization in both invasive and native plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved the competitiveness of invasive plants, but decreased that of native plants. Competition increased the shoot nitrogen, phosphorus and root myristic acid concentrations and relative expression of fatty acid transporter genes (RiFAT1 and RiFAT2) in AMF‐colonized invasive plants, but decreased those in AMF‐colonized native plants. Structural equation models indicated that the presence of AMF increased the uptake of phosphorus, but not nitrogen, by invasive plants, which probably provided more myristic acids to symbiotic AMF in return.

These results suggest that invasive Asteraceae plants have greater mutualistic interactions with AMF than their phylogenetically related native counterparts, potentially contributing to invasion success.
Freehand S2‐Alar‐Iliac Screw Placement Technique in Lumbosacral Spinal Tumors: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Huang Wending , Xu Lun , Cai Weiluo , Cheng Mo , Sun Zhengwang , Wang Shengping , Yan Wangjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveS2‐alar‐iliac (S2AI) screw technique is widely used in spinal surgery, but it is rarely seen in the field of spinal tumors. The aim of the study is to report the preliminary outcomes of the freehand S2AI screw fixation after lumbosaral tumor resection.MethodsThe records of patients with lumbosacral tumor who underwent S2AI screw fixation between November 2016 to November 2020 at our center were reviewed retrospectively. Outcome measures included operative time, blood loss, complications, accuracy of screws, screw breach, and overall survival. Mean ± standard deviation or range was used to present continuous variables. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to present postoperative survival.ResultsA total of 23 patients were identified in this study, including 12 males and 11 females, with an average age of 47.3 ± 14.5 (range,15–73). The mean operation time was 224.6 ± 54.1 (range, 155–370 min). The average estimated blood loss was 1560.9 ± 887.0 (600–4000 ml). A total of 46 S2AI screws were implanted by freehand technique. CT scans showed three (6.5%) screws had penetrated the iliac cortex, indicating 93.5% implantation accuracy rate. No complications of iatrogenic neurovascular or visceral structure were observed. The average follow‐up time was 31.6 ± 15.3 months (range, 13–60 months). Two patients' postoperative plain radiography showed lucent zone around the screw. One patient underwent reoperation for wound delayed infection. At the latest follow‐up, eight patients had tumor‐free survival, 11 had survival with tumor, and four died of disease.ConclusionThe freehand S2AI screw technique is reproducible, safe, and reliable in the management of lumbosacral spinal tumors.
Evaluation of a pediatric dermatology electronic consult program in a rural state with subanalysis of infantile hemangioma cases
Authors: Seiverling Elizabeth V. , Prentiss Madeline A. , Houk Laura , Alfiero Rachel C. , Markham Abby A. , Ottolini Mary C. , Ahrns Hadjh T. , Cyr Peggy R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn electronic consultation (e‐Consult) store‐and‐forward teledermatology program was implemented to improve access to dermatologic care in Maine. While initially designed to triage potential skin cancers, we found this program to be heavily used for pediatric patients, especially infants. Our findings suggest e‐Consult expedites care for pediatric dermatology patients, particularly those with infantile hemangiomas. The addition of dermoscopy to e‐Consult platforms has the potential to expand e‐Consult effectiveness.
Immunogenicity and safety of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine with immunosuppressive agents
Authors: Kamei Koichi , Ogura Masao , Sato Mai , Nishi Kentaro , Shoji Kensuke , Funaki Takanori , Ogimi Chikara , Ito Shuichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a prospective study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination in children and adolescents who were taking immunosuppressive agents.MethodsTwo doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine were administered to patients taking immunosuppressive agents. Titers of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain antibodies were measured before and after vaccination. Vaccine failure was defined as a postvaccination antibody titer of <0.8 U/mL. Seroconversion rates, factors associated with antibody titers after vaccination, clinical effectiveness against breakthrough infection, and adverse events were evaluated.ResultsA total of 42 patients (median age, 18.1 years) were enrolled. Immunogenicity was measured in 34 patients. The median SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody titer was 329 U/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 50–812 U/mL). Seroconversion (≥0.8 U/mL) was achieved in 29 patients (85%), whereas vaccine failure was diagnosed in five (15%). All patients with vaccine failure were recipients of solid organ transplants (SOTs) and were taking two immunosuppressants. The median antibody titer in SOT recipients (57 U/mL) was significantly lower than that in non‐recipients (653 U/mL, P = 0.0002); that of patients taking two immunosuppressive agents (93 U/mL) was lower than that of patients taking one (506 U/mL, P = 0.003). Breakthrough infection occurred in three patients (7%). Adverse events were non‐specific, and no flares of primary disease or acute rejection in SOT recipients occurred.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine was immunogenic in children and adolescents taking immunosuppressive agents, although SOT recipients and patients taking two immunosuppressive agents tended to show lower postvaccination antibody titers.
Characteristics of intussusception in the period of arbitrary Rotavirus vaccination
Authors: Nakamura Mutsumi , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Matsuura Toshiharu , Hamada Hiroshi , Motomura Yoshitomo , Hayashida Makoto , Ohga Shouichi , Tajiri Tatsuro , Hara Toshiro , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn November 2011, rotavirus (RV) vaccine was launched in Japan as a voluntary vaccination to prevent RV‐associated gastroenterocolitis. We examined the characteristics of intussusception following RV vaccination in our two centers.MethodsWe investigated intussusception patients <16 years old from January 2006 to September 2020. Patients were categorized according to the period (before [Group A] or after the introduction of arbitrary RV vaccination [Group B]). The patient characteristics and treatment of intussusception were retrospectively investigated.ResultsDuring the study period, 560 patients (group A, n = 233; group B, n = 327) were identified. The distribution of patients who were 0–6 months old was not significantly different between the groups (group A, n = 12, 5.2%; group B, n = 18, 5.5%). Among these 18 patients in Group B, 7 were vaccinated against RV, and 10 were not. One patient was excluded due to incomplete data. On comparing patients with and without RV vaccination, the mean age at the onset of intussusception was 3.3 ± 0.4 versus 4.0 ± 0.3 months (P = 0.19), the mean interval from the onset to treatment was 7.5 ± 2.4 versus 16.0 ± 2.2 h (P = 0.03), the time of the contrast enema for treatment was 9.1 ± 3.3 versus 7.7 ± 2.8 min (P = 0.76), and the final pressure of the contrast enema was 92.5 ± 4.4 versus 92.2 ± 4.4 cmH2O (P = 0.97).ConclusionsArbitrary RV vaccination did not influence the age distribution of intussusception, and the interval from the onset to treatment was significantly shorter in the patients with RV vaccination than in those without it. Recognizing the presence of intussusception following RV vaccination enables accurate treatment.
Wittgenstein on string figures as mathematics: A modern ethnological approach to the limits of empiricism
Authors: English Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWittgenstein’s ‘ethnological approach’ to the philosophy of mathematics, in particular his discussion of calculation as an experiment and the limits of empiricism in mathematics, is presented against three interrelated backdrops: (1) James’ critique of Spencer’s evolutionary empiricism, specifically regarding necessary truths; (2) the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, led by Haddon and Rivers, whose Reports implicitly confuted Spencer; and (3) the subsequent work of Malinowski, especially his supplement to Ogden and Richards’ The Meaning of Meaning, a book sent to Wittgenstein upon its publication in 1923. String figures as mathematics is a main illustrative example.
The putative obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase OsCYP51H3 affects multiple aspects of rice growth and development
Authors: Jiao Zhengli , Yin Lijuan , Zhang Qiming , Xu Weijuan , Jia Yongxia , Xia Kuaifei , Zhang Mingyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome members of the CYP51G subfamily has been shown to be obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase, key enzyme of the sterol and brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, which mediate plant development and response to stresses. However, little is known about the functions of CYP51H subfamily in rice. Here, OsCYP51H3, an ortholog of rice OsCYP51G1 was identified. Compared with wild type, the mutants oscyp51H3 and OsCYP51H3‐RNAi showed dwarf phenotype, late flowering, erected leaves, lower seed‐setting rate, and smaller and shorter seeds. In contrast, the phenotypic changes of OsCYP51H3‐OE plants are not obvious. Metabolomic analysis of oscyp51H3 mutant indicated that OsCYP51H3 may also encode an obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase involved in phytosterol and BR biosynthesis, but possibly not that of triterpenes. The RNA‐seq results showed that OsCYP51H3 may affect the expression of a lot of genes related to rice development. These findings showed that OsCYP51H3 codes for a putative obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase involved in phytosterol and BR biosynthesis, and mediates rice development.
Calibrating the Scan Statistic: Finite Sample Performance Versus Asymptotics
Authors: Walther Guenther , Perry Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of detecting an elevated mean on an interval with unknown location and length in the univariate Gaussian sequence model. Recent results have shown that using scale-dependent critical values for the scan statistic allows to attain asymptotically optimal detection simultaneously for all signal lengths, thereby improving on the traditional scan, but this procedure has been criticised for losing too much power for short signals. We explain this discrepancy by showing that these asymptotic optimality results will necessarily be too imprecise to discern the performance of scan statistics in a practically relevant way, even in a large sample context. Instead, we propose to assess the performance with a new finite sample criterion. We then present three calibrations for scan statistics that perform well across a range of relevant signal lengths: The first calibration uses a particular adjustment to the critical values and is therefore tailored to the Gaussian case. The second calibration uses a scale-dependent adjustment to the significance levels rather than to the critical values and this adjustment is therefore applicable to arbitrary known null distributions. The third calibration restricts the scan to a particular sparse subset of the scan windows and then applies a weighted Bonferroni adjustment to the corresponding test statistics. This Bonferroni scan is also applicable to arbitrary null distributions and in addition is very simple to implement. We show how to apply these calibrations for scanning in a number of distributional settings: for normal observations with an unknown baseline and a known or unknown constant variance, for observations from a natural exponential family, for potentially heteroscadastic observations from a symmetric density by employing self-normalisation in a novel way, and for exchangeable observations using tests based on permutations, ranks or signs.
Disentangling the transnational belongingness of children in and beyond a Danish school
Authors: Jensen Søren Sindberg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to unravel the multifaceted sentiments of belonging which children who are born in Denmark but whose parents have direct personal experiences of transnational migration can have within and beyond the Danish comprehensive public school system. The empirical basis of the study stems from fieldwork at one school in Denmark and consists primarily of interviews with children (n = 19). This study shows how language, religion, and the countries of birth of the children’s parents play very different roles in the children’s narratives of belonging, which, in turn, indicate that the school to varying degrees accommodates the transnational aspects of children’s lives according to how well they fit into the ‘Danishness’ that the school prescribes. The paper concludes by considering ways forward to better understand and counteract tendencies towards alienation, which schools’ handling of the transnational aspects of children’s lives might entail.