bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Esafoxolaner, Eprinomectin, Praziquantel, BHT and Their Related Substances in a Topical Finished Product by a Single Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Chopra Shilpi , Padivitage Nilusha , Zhao Daoli , Rustum Abu M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The topical product with three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), namely, esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel has demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of cats with mixed infections with ectoparasites and nematodes and cestodes. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for assay and determination of related substances peaks of three APIs including the assay of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the finished product. Analytes were separated on a short Zorbax SB-C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size, pore size: 80 Å) with gradient elution at 40 °C column temperature. Analytes were detected at 245 nm for praziquantel, esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and their degradation products. BHT and eprinomectin degradation product 8a-oxo-B1a were detected at 280 nm. All analytes of interest were adequately separated within 40 min. The assay for praziquantel, esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and BHT was conducted against their corresponding external reference standards. The related substances peaks of each API were determined by peak area and relative response factor against total peak area of their corresponding API peak in sample solution. This method has been demonstrated to be accurate, robust, specific and stability indicating.
163. ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATIONS – A POPULATION-BASED NATIONWIDE STUDY IN SWEDEN WITH SURVIVAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Edholm David , Andersson Roland , Frankel Adam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Esophageal perforation is a rare and life-threatening condition with several treatment options. The aim was to assess the incidence, type of treatment and mortality of esophageal perforations in Sweden and to identify risk factors for 90-day mortality.
All patients admitted with an esophageal perforation from 2007–2017 were identified from the National Patient Register. Mortality was assessed by linkage with the Cause of Death Registry. We analyze the incidence and the impact of age, sex, comorbidities on mortality.
879 patients with esophageal perforation were identified, giving an incidence rate of 1.09 per 100,000 person years. Median age at diagnosis was 68.8 years and 60% were men. The mortality was 26% at 90 days. Independent risk factors for death within 90 days were age (Odds Ratio (OR) OR 6.20 95% CI 2.16–17.79 at 60–74 years and OR 11.58 95% CI 4.04–33.15 at 75 years or older), peripheral vascular disease (OR 2.92 95% CI 1.44–5.92) and underlying malignant disease (OR 5.91 95% CI 3.86–9.03).
90-day mortality was 26%, old age, vascular disease and underlying malignant disease were risk factors. In patients younger than 45 years survival was lower among women than among men (at five years 73% and 93% respectively). Cause of death among young women was often drug-related or suicide.
EACVI SIMULATOR-online study: evaluation of transoesophageal echocardiography knowledge and skills of young cardiologists
Authors: Pezel Théo , Coisne Augustin , Michalski Błażej , Soliman Hatem , Ajmone Nina , Nijveldt Robin , Stankovic Ivan , Donal Erwan , van der Maaten Joost , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Edvardsen Thor , Muraru Denisa , Petersen Steffen E , Cosyns Bernard , Bäck Magnus , Bertrand Philippe B , Haugaa Kristina H , Keenan Niall , Donal Erwan , Cosyns Bernard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess the level of transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) knowledge and skills of young cardiologists.Methods and resultsA European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) online study using the first fully virtual simulation-based software was conducted in two periods (9–12 December 2021 and 10–13 April 2022). All young cardiologists eligible to participate (&lt;40 years) across the world were invited to participate. After a short survey, each participant completed two tests: a theoretical test to assess TOE knowledge and a practical test using an online TOE simulator to investigate TOE skills. Among 716 young cardiologists from 81 countries, the mean theoretical test score was 56.8 ± 20.9 points, and the mean practical test score was 47.4 ± 7.2 points (/100 points max each), including 18.4 ± 8.7 points for the acquisition test score and 29.0 ± 6.7 points for the anatomy test score (/50 points max each). Acquisition test scores were higher for four-chamber (2.3 ± 1.5 points), two-chamber (2.2 ± 1.4 points) and three-chamber views (2.3 ± 1.4 points) than for other views (all P &lt; 0.001). Prior participation to a TOE simulation-based training session, a higher number of TOE exams performed per week, and EACVI certification for TOE were independently associated with a higher global score (all P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOnline evaluation of young cardiologists around the world showed a relatively low level of TOE skills and knowledge. Prior participation to a TOE simulation-based training session, a higher number of TOE exams performed per week, and the EACVI certification for TOE were independently associated with a higher global score.
Spatiotemporal variation in upper crustal seismic anisotropy and VP/VS ratio in Groningen gas field, Netherlands: insights from shear wave splitting
Authors: Kim Jaewoo , Kim YoungHee 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
We investigated pore fluid characteristics of reservoir at the Groningen gas field, Netherlands using seismic anisotropy from shear wave splitting. We obtained 663 high-quality splitting parameters, such as delay time (δt) and fast-axis direction (φ), from local induced earthquakes that occurred during 2014–2020. We then conducted δt tomography and spatial averaging of φ to probe the spatiotemporal changes in the parameters. Our results demonstrate that crustal anisotropy in Groningen is closely related to changes in fluid flow and compaction of the reservoir. Low anisotropy strength (normalized delay time, δtn) was detected near shut-in wells where considerable reservoir compaction has occurred, whereas high anisotropy strength occurred near operating wells with less compaction. The temporal variation in δtn further shows that the long-term trend is distinctly different between the shut-in and production wells: while δtn near the shut-in wells remained nearly constant at &lt;6 ms km–1 during the entire period, δtn near the operating wells notably showed high values exceeding 10 ms km–1 in 2015 and a decreasing trend until 2017. In addition to this long-term variation, short-term δtn variation was observed, which can be related to fluid flow perturbations owing to seasonal gas production fluctuations. The φ values along the NNW–SSE, WNW–ESE and E–W directions could be related to not only the in situ maximum horizontal stress direction but also the gas flow direction near the extraction wells. The observed negative relationship between the spatial distribution of P-to-S velocity ratio and the anisotropy strength can potentially indicate that gas-filled pore spaces are dominant in the reservoir.
Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era
Authors: Guo Li , Yao Hui , Chen Weikai , Wang Xumei , Ye Peng , Xu Zhichao , Zhang Sisheng , Wu Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobally, medicinal plant natural products (PNPs) are a major source of substances used in traditional and modern medicine. As we human race face the tremendous public health challenge posed by emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and surging drug prices etc., harnessing the healing power of medicinal plants gifted from mother nature is more urgent than ever in helping us survive future challenge in a sustainable way. PNP research efforts in the pre-genomic era focus on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, and identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. Critically, systemic biological, multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches integrating and interrogating all accessible data from genomics, metabolomics, structural biology, and chemical informatics are necessary to accelerate the full characterization of biosynthetic and regulatory circuitry for producing PNPs in medicinal plants. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on the current research of PNPs in medicinal plants by focusing on how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, the molecular basis of their biosynthesis, as well as synthetic biology. Finally, we humbly provide a foresight of the research trend for understanding the biology of medicinal plants in the coming decades.
The IO Effect: International Actors and Service Delivery in Refugee Crises
Authors: Cammett Melani , Şaşmaz Aytuğ 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How do international organizations (IOs) affect access to social services for refugees and host country nationals during humanitarian crises? We explore the quality of care received by Syrian refugees and Lebanese nationals in Lebanese health facilities using data from original surveys in a nationally representative sample of health centers. Given its importance as a site of interactions with host country nationals, health is a key arena for studying local behavior toward refugees. Much research on refugees and intergroup relations suggests that Syrians would receive inferior services, yet other approaches would predict equitable treatment, whether due to intrinsic or extrinsic motivations. We find no difference in the quality of care for Syrians and Lebanese and argue that the comparatively equitable treatment of refugees stems from incentives from IOs at both the organizational and individual levels—a phenomenon we call the “IO effect.” The study advances research on IOs and humanitarian crises by focusing on behavior and not only attitudes toward refugees and by highlighting the role of IOs in shaping the experience of everyday life for refugees.
Profiling abundance, size, and shell utilization patterns ofCoenobita clypeatus(Fabricius, 1787) (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in protected and highly frequented beaches in Puerto Rico
Authors: Torres-Torres Francisco J , González-Colón Ana D , Negrón-Moreno Paola N , Rivera-Rosado Naishka C , Cruz-Reyes Enrique , De Jesús-Burgos María I 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coastal Caribbean is a well-known harbor for biodiversity, yet it is mainly valued for its ample resources and services. Economic interests typically supersede conservation efforts, introducing anthropogenic-related factors such as noise, chemical pollution, and geographical disturbances into the littoral zone, where ecological diversity is abundant. Although human activity is known to be detrimental to biodiversity across habitats, the effect of conservation measures that limit anthropogenic activity on coastal populations remains understudied. To measure the benefit of conservation in the littoral environment, we sampled populations of the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius, 1787) of highly frequented (non-protected) and protected beaches in northern Puerto Rico. We profiled 1,119 individuals by using transects, describing their size and shell utilization patterns during winter and summer. The C. clypeatus population was larger (P &lt; 0.0001 during both seasons) and more abundant (P = 0.0006 during winter, P &lt; 0.0038 during summer) in the protected beach than in the non-protected beach, with no effect of season. Shell utilization patterns were more consistent in the protected beach, likely due to the greater availability of gastropod shells. These results suggest that the conservation measures implemented in the protected beach promote the survival, reproduction, and growth of hermit crabs in the location. Expansion of protected habitats through governmental and civilian efforts should enhance the conservation of the biodiversity of protected areas.
Pre-perception and accurate recognition of coal–rock interface based on active excitation infrared characterization
Authors: Wang Haijian , Liu Lili , Zhao Xuemei , Huang Mengdie , Wu Zhenyu , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Existing perception and identification methods for coal–rock interfaces are generally based on various cutting signals during shearer mining, but they cannot achieve pre-perception. Further, some pre-identification methods are significantly affected by the mining environment and cannot achieve accurate identification. In this study, a universal method is proposed to achieve pre-perception and accurate recognition of coal–rock interfaces. Using the coal–rock interface identification test-bed, active excitation infrared images of coal–rock were tested with different excitation time, distance, and intensities, and an image dataset was built for training the universal network model. This was done primarily to improve the universality of the model for infrared image identification of coal–rock under various parameter conditions. Second, the pyramid pooling module and MobileNetV2 were used to effectively extract the semantic features from the infrared images. Meanwhile, a convolutional block attention module was employed to improve the coal–rock interface identification ability of the proposed network. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed network model was tested on the infrared image dataset. The experimental results demonstrated that the memory occupied by the proposed network model is 9.12 MB, the test time is 38.46 ms/piece, and the intersection of union of coal and rock is 98.07 and 98.38%, respectively. Additionally, the pixel accuracy of coal and rock is 98.68 and 99.50%, respectively, which is significantly higher compared to other network models. Based on the constructed multi-parameter universality dataset, the proposed identification model of a coal–rock interface has good adaptability to active excitation infrared images acquired by different parameters and could provide the theoretical foundation and technical premise to achieve automated and intelligent mining.
Prospects and problems of vertical greening within low-income urban settings in sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Adegun Olumuyiwa Bayode , Olusoga Olawale Oreoluwa , Mbuya Elinorata Celestine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growing plants along the vertical axis of a building façade is currently re-emerging as a technique for (re)integration of greening into the urban fabric. This article reports an exploratory study that involved the design, development and evaluation of vertical greening within low-income communities in Lagos, Akure (Nigeria) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). We highlight the vertical gardens’ contributions to food production (vegetables). Challenges identified include high maintenance, pests, vandalism, tenure status and socio-cultural misgivings about growing vegetables on walls. It is crucial to evolve policy initiatives and programmes that promote citizen-led, community-based vertical farming within the urban fabric in sub-Sahara Africa.
Lost, Burned and Recovered: Tracing the Provenance History of a Copy of Caxton’s Golden Legend in the John Rylands Library
Authors: Kato Takako 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
On 29 June 1865, a fire at Sotheby’s in London destroyed extensive libraries prior to their sales. Among them was a copy of William Caxton’s Golden Legend owned by George Offor. This article demonstrates that this copy, hitherto believed to be lost, managed to survive the fire and now is Incunable Collection R4591 in the John Rylands Library at the University of Manchester. Further evidence confirms that before it was put on sale, Offor used it as ‘a hospital copy’ in order to ‘sophisticate’ other copies of the Golden Legend. This article also argues that prior to Offor’s ownership the copy was in the hands of a publisher and bookseller William Pickering, and he too removed several leaves from it and repurposed them. By filling the gap in the provenance history of this copy, this article throws further light on the antiquarian book trade in the nineteenth century.
Virtual Management of Chronic Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Primary Care Providers and Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Gray Caroline , Ambady Leena , Chao Shirley , Smith William , Yoon Jean 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The abrupt change in care delivery caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic may have left some patients, particularly those with chronic conditions, unable to receive timely and appropriate routine care. Understanding the effect of the pandemic and the switch to virtual care for patients with chronic conditions requires in-depth qualitative feedback from providers who care for these patients.

Materials and Methods
We interviewed 13 primary care providers and clinical pharmacists from the Veterans Health Administration. Interviews elicited experiences managing patients with chronic conditions, specifically diabetes and hypertension, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We employed a rapid analytic approach for data analysis.

Results
In general, interview participants maintained that most patients’ chronic conditions could be managed remotely without significant disruption. However, patients who lack familiarity with technology and/or reliable broadband access, patients not compliant with recommended self-assessments, and older patients with hearing loss or cognitive disorders may be more difficult to manage virtually. Although providers reported minimal disruptions to care because of the pandemic, they did note that the closure of labs and experiences of social isolation may have negatively impacted patients. Providers suggested optimizing virtual management through more robust patient instruction on virtual care technology, increased use of Veterans Affairs home health services, and removing institutional barriers that may de-incentivize virtual care modalities.

Conclusions
For many patients with chronic conditions, virtual care is a promising approach to provide ongoing management in primary care. However, more tailored strategies may be needed to care for sicker, more vulnerable patients.
Computed spectroscopic properties of HCN, HNC, and all their D, 13C, and 15N substituted isotopologues
Authors: Mehnen Bilel , Suarez Martin Ignacio , Roueff Evelyne , Hochlaf Majdi , Nyman Gunnar 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Starting from ab initio electronic structure data, we develop parametrized analytic potential energy surfaces for the HCN and HNC isomers by variationally calculating rovibrational energy levels and adjusting the potential parameters so as to get agreement with experimentally derived transition frequencies to within about 1 cm−1. We also determine an analytic expression in terms of molecular parameters to effortlessly calculate the rovibrational energy levels. We use the obtained empirical potentials to calculate rovibrational levels for eight isotopologues of HCN and eight of HNC up to about 4000 cm−1 above the ground state. The energy levels are estimated to be accurate to within about 3 cm−1 based on comparison to experimental rovibrational transition frequencies for H12C14N, H12C14N, H13C14N, and H12C15N. For all 16 isotopologues, we calculate the zero-point energy and in nine cases we can compare with experimentally derived values. In these comparisons, the variationally obtained ZPE is within 5 cm−1 of the experimentally derived value, while the closed expression gives values within 6 cm−1 of the experimental values. For all 16 isotopologues, we also give molecular parameters from which the energy levels can easily be calculated using the closed expression. Endo- and exoergicities are given for 12 isotopic exchange reactions involving HCN/HNC and some isotopologues together with pre-exponential factors that should be useful in future modelling studies of rare isotopologues.
A partial isotopic decomposition for the Sculptor dSph
Authors: Pandey Kanishk , West Christopher 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
All stellar evolution models require an initial isotopic abundance set as input, but these abundances are well known only for the Sun. Yet, input compositions can be estimated by scaling solar abundances using a previously constructed isotopic history model based on astrophysical processes in the Galaxy. This method, however, may not work for obtaining inputs for compositions that have distinct chemical histories from the Galaxy. We thus present a partial isotopic history model for the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy based on astrophysical processes, which can be used to estimate input isotopic abundances in future nucleosynthesis studies. The model is fitted to observational data, and follows the methodology of the previously constructed isotopic history model for the Galaxy. First, we estimate the isotopic composition of Sculptor’s late-stage evolution (LSE) using the omega chemical evolution code, and then decompose that composition into contributions from various astrophysical sources. Each contribution is then assumed to scale as a function of metallicity. The isotopic abundances are summed into elemental abundances and fit to available observational elemental abundance data to tune the model’s free parameters. The result is an average isotopic history model of Sculptor for massive star, Type Ia SNe, s-process, and r-process contributions that uses elemental data to constrain the isotopic abundances. As an example, our model finds that Type Ia SNe contribute ≈ 87 percent to the LSE Fe abundance, and neutron star mergers contribute ≈ 36 percent to the LSE Eu abundance, in agreement with previous studies.
Massive young stellar objects in the Local Group spiral galaxy M 33 identified using machine learning
Authors: Kinson David A , Oliveira Joana M , van Loon Jacco Th 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a supervised machine learning classification of stellar populations in the Local Group spiral galaxy M 33. The Probabilistic Random Forest (PRF) methodology, previously applied to populations in NGC 6822, utilizes both near and far-IR classification features. It classifies sources into nine target classes: young stellar objects (YSOs), oxygen, and carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars, red giant branch, and red super-giant stars, active galactic nuclei, blue stars (e.g. O-, B-, and A-type main sequence stars), Wolf–Rayet stars, and Galactic foreground stars. Across 100 classification runs the PRF classified 162 746 sources with an average estimated accuracy of ∼86 per cent, based on confusion matrices. We identified 4985 YSOs across the disc of M 33, applying a density-based clustering analysis to identify 68 star forming regions (SFRs) primarily in the galaxy’s spiral arms. SFR counterparts to known H ii regions were recovered with ∼91 per cent of SFRs spatially coincident with giant molecular clouds identified in the literature. Using photometric measurements, as well as SFRs in NGC 6822 with an established evolutionary sequence as a benchmark, we employed a novel approach combining ratios of [Hα]/[24 μm] and [250 μm]/[500 μm] to estimate the relative evolutionary status of all M 33 SFRs. Masses were estimated for each YSO ranging from 6–27M⊙. Using these masses, we estimate star formation rates based on direct YSO counts of 0.63M⊙ yr−1 in M 33’s SFRs, 0.79 ± 0.16M⊙ yr−1 in its centre and 1.42 ± 0.16M⊙ yr−1 globally.