bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's use of pragmatic inference to learn about the social world
Authors: Baharloo Roya , Vasil Ny , Ellwood‐Lowe Monica E. , Srinivasan Mahesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractYoung children often endorse stereotypes–such as “girls are bad at math.” We explore one mechanism through which these beliefs may be transmitted: via pragmatic inference. Specifically, we ask whether preschoolers and adults can learn about an unmentioned social group from what is said about another group, and if this inferential process is sensitive to the context of the utterance. Sixty‐three‐ to five‐year‐old children and fifty‐five adults were introduced to two novel social groups—Stripeys and Dotties—and witnessed a speaker praising abilities of one group (e.g., “the Stripeys are good at building chairs”). To examine the effect of context, we compared situations where the speaker was knowledgeable about the abilities of both groups, and had been queried about the performance of both groups (broad context), versus situations where the speaker was only knowledgeable about one group and was only asked about that group (narrow context). Both preschoolers and adults were sensitive to context: they were more likely to infer that the group not mentioned by the speaker was relatively unskilled, and were more confident about it, in the broad context condition. Our work integrates research in language development and social cognitive development and demonstrates that even young children can “read between the lines,” utilizing subtle contextual cues to pick up negative evaluative messages about social groups even from statements that ostensibly do not mention them at all.Highlights
After hearing a speaker praise one group's skill, preschoolers and adults infer that an unmentioned group is relatively less skilled across a range of measures.
These inferences are context‐sensitive and are stronger when the speaker is knowledgeable of and asked about both groups’ skill level.
These results shed light on how children may indirectly learn negative stereotypes, especially ones that adults are unlikely to state explicitly.
This work extends previous research on children's developing pragmatic ability, as well as their ability to learn about the social world from language.
Characteristics and management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures treated with internal fixation
Authors: Avelino Sabrina Gardiano , de Assis Santos Vinícius Paes , Palmieri Celso F. , Luz João Gualberto C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsThe ideal management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures is unclear and controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics and management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.Material and MethodsMedical records of patients with mandibular fractures in the symphysis, body and angle regions seen between July 2019 and January 2021 were evaluated. Personal data, etiology, location of fractures, characteristics of the teeth involved in the fracture lines and management were collected. The relationship between the fracture lines and the periodontium was classified according to Kamboozia & Punnia‐Moorthy. Fractures were divided into two groups according to the management of the tooth in the fracture line: removal and retention. The likelihood ratio test was used (p < .050).ResultsDuring the study period, 52 patients with mandibular fractures were seen, of which 42 patients (83.3% men) with a mean age of 29.6 years and 54 fractures were included. The most frequent location was the angle of the mandible (41.3%) (p < .001). The removal group represented 35.2% of the fractures, and the retention group represented 64.8%. The most frequently removed tooth was the third molar (p < .001), and the most frequent classification of dental involvement in the fracture line was type II (p = .047). There was no correlation between age, gender, or etiology and the management of the teeth involved.ConclusionThe retention of teeth in the fracture line predominated, and the third molar in angle fractures was the most often removed tooth when the fracture line followed the root surface but did not cross the apical region, probably due to the greater frequency of this type of relationship between the fractures and the periodontium.
Towards a machine‐learning assisted diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and their operationalization in preclinical research: Evidence from studies on addiction‐like behaviour in individual rats
Authors: Jadhav Kshitij S. , Boury Jamot Benjamin , Deroche‐Gamonet Veronique , Belin David , Boutrel Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last few decades, there has been a progressive transition from a categorical to a dimensional approach to psychiatric disorders. Especially in the case of substance use disorders, interest in the individual vulnerability to transition from controlled to compulsive drug taking warrants the development of novel dimension‐based objective stratification tools. Here we drew on a multidimensional preclinical model of addiction, namely the 3‐criteria model, previously developed to identify the neurobehavioural basis of the individual's vulnerability to switch from controlled to compulsive drug taking, to test a machine‐learning assisted classifier objectively to identify individual subjects as vulnerable/resistant to addiction. Datasets from our previous studies on addiction‐like behaviour for cocaine or alcohol were fed into a variety of machine‐learning algorithms to develop a classifier that identifies resilient and vulnerable rats with high precision and reproducibility irrespective of the cohort to which they belong. A classifier based on K‐median or K‐mean‐clustering (for cocaine or alcohol, respectively) followed by artificial neural networks emerged as a highly reliable and accurate tool to predict if a single rat is vulnerable/resilient to addiction. Thus, each rat previously characterized as displaying 0‐criterion (i.e., resilient) or 3‐criteria (i.e., vulnerable) in individual cohorts was correctly labelled by this classifier. The present machine‐learning‐based classifier objectively labels single individuals as resilient or vulnerable to developing addiction‐like behaviour in a multisymptomatic preclinical model of addiction‐like behaviour in rats. This novel dimension‐based classifier increases the heuristic value of these preclinical models while providing proof of principle to deploy similar tools for the future of diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
The recruitment of indirect waves within primary motor cortex during motor imagery: A directional transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Neige Cécilia , Ciechelski Valentin , Lebon Florent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) refers to the mental simulation of an action without overt movement. While numerous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies provided evidence for a modulation of corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition during MI, the neural signature within the primary motor cortex is not clearly established. In the current study, we used directional TMS to probe the modulation of the excitability of early and late indirect waves (I‐waves) generating pathways during MI. Corticospinal responses evoked by TMS with posterior–anterior (PA) and anterior–posterior (AP) current flow within the primary motor cortex evoke preferentially early and late I‐waves, respectively. Seventeen participants were instructed to stay at rest or to imagine maximal isometric contractions of the right flexor carpi radialis. We demonstrated that the increase of corticospinal excitability during MI is greater with PA than AP orientation. By using paired‐pulse stimulations, we confirmed that short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) increased during MI in comparison to rest with PA orientation, whereas we found that it decreased with AP orientation. Overall, these results indicate that the pathways recruited by PA and AP orientations that generate early and late I‐waves are differentially modulated by MI.
The combination of trailer transport and exercise increases gastrointestinal permeability and markers of systemic inflammation in horses
Authors: McGilloway Melissa , Manley Shannon , Aho Alyssa , Heeringa Keisha N. , Lou Yanping , Squires Eli James , Pearson Wendy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeaky gut syndrome (LGS) is an idiopathic disorder characterised by alterations in intestinal permeability and low‐grade systemic inflammation. Factors contributing to development of LGS are not well‐understood but physiological stressors such as exercise and transport may play a role which may be of pathophysiological relevance in horses.ObjectivesTo characterise the combined effect of transport stress and exercise on gastrointestinal permeability, and to determine whether these effects are associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers in plasma.Study designControlled, randomised and cross‐over study.MethodsHorses (n = 8 per group) were given a gastrointestinal permeability tracer (iohexol; 5.6% solution; 1 ml/kg bwt) via nasogastric entubation prior to being assigned to a stressed (EX; 1 h of trailer transport immediately followed by 30 min moderate intensity exercise; n = 4) or sedentary control (CON; n = 4) group. Plasma samples were obtained prior to iohexol administration (P1), after transport (P2), at exercise cessation (P3), and at 1 (P4), 2 (P5), 4 (P6) and 8 (P7) hours after cessation of exercise and were analysed for iohexol, inflammatory biomarkers (SAA, LPS, IFABP and LBP) and tight junction proteins (zonulin). Faecal samples were collected at times corresponding to before and after stress from both groups and analysed for zonulin. Data were analysed using a 2‐way RM ANOVA.ResultsIn EX horses, a significant increase in iohexol was observed at P2 (1.5 ± 0.24 μg/ml;p = 0.03), P3 (2.1 ± 0.29 μg/ml;p < 0.001), P4 (2.1 ± 0.17 μg/ml;p < 0.001) compared with P1 (0.7 ± 0.21 μg/ml); iohexol was significantly higher in EX than CON horses at P3 (p < 0.001), P4 (p < 0.001) and P5 (p = 0.003). LPS and SAA were significantly higher in EX than CON at P4 (p < 0.001) and P6 (p = 0.04), respectively.Main limitationsData from our small sample size may not be generalisable to the larger equine population.ConclusionsCombined transport and exercise increases gastrointestinal permeability and systemic SAA and LPS. The model described herein may be useful in further studies on the role of alterations in gastrointestinal permeability in equine disease.
Factors affecting the catch and harvest rates of paddlefish downstream of Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, 2000–2020
Authors: Radigan William J. , Fopma Seth , Sorensen Jason , Longhenry Christopher M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPaddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), provide an important snagging and bowfishing fishery below Gavins Point Dam in South Dakota. During 2009–2020, snagging catch rates of paddlefish decreased below Gavins Point Dam to presumed “normal” lower pre‐2004 levels, while bowfishing catch (harvest) rates significantly increased during 2000–2020. Because Paddlefish are highly migratory, both local (i.e., monthly gauge height, precipitation, and air temperature near Gavins Point Dam) and remote (difference in Mississippi and Missouri River discharge near their confluence) environmental conditions were used to explain variation in snagging catch rates and bowfishing harvest rates. Snagging catch rates were related to October gauge height, whereby deeper water in October led to decreased catch rates below Gavins Point Dam. Bowfishing harvest rates increased significantly after a 2016 regulation change moved the season from July 1 to July 31, and from June 1 to June 30, likely because water clarity was greater in June than in July. Mean annual air temperature and precipitation explained variation in bowfishing harvest rates prior to the 2016 regulation change. Our findings, the first to examine both snagging and bowfishing fisheries below Gavins Point Dam, suggest that local abiotic factors are likely more important than remote discharge for explaining variation in snagging catch rates and bowfishing harvest rates in the channelised Missouri River.
Harvest and dispersal syndromes influence the probability of tree seedling establishment in the eastern United States
Authors: Sparbanie Taylor M. , Snell Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe goal of this work was to investigate the influence of disturbance, in particular tree harvesting, on seedling establishment rates both within and beyond the range extent of individual species. In addition, we considered how disturbances differentially affect seedling establishment depending on the dispersal syndromes and shade tolerance of species.LocationThis project covers the eastern forests of the USA.Time periodData for this project extend from 1996 to 2019.Major taxa studiedTree species of the eastern USA.MethodsWe used the US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data for tree species of the eastern USA to investigate the influence of disturbance, the dispersal mechanism and shade tolerance of species on the establishment of seedlings. We ran generalized linear models for seedling presence/absence and the number of seedlings as the response variables. Disturbance categories were no disturbance, natural disturbance, harvest, and both harvest and natural disturbance.ResultsThe probability of seedling establishment increased in response to harvest within FIA plots but not in response to natural disturbances. Harvest increased the probability of seedling presence the most for shade‐intolerant species; however, intermediately shade‐tolerant and ‐intolerant species also increased in harvested plots. Additionally, bird‐dispersed species had a higher probability of colonizing new plots outside their range, in comparison to mammal‐dispersed or wind‐dispersed tree species.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that stand competition is an important limiting factor for seedling establishment in the dense, secondary forests of the eastern USA. Harvesting creates sizeable gaps that promote seedling establishment and species turnover. Harvesting especially facilitates the establishment of tree species with bird dispersal outside of their range. Thus, timber harvesting can be a useful management tool when the goal is to assist range shifts for certain species. We recommend that future research should include harvested plots when looking for evidence of recent tree migration.
Residual dentition, prosthesis type and oral health‐related quality of life in Uruguayan adults
Authors: Seoane Mariana , Lorenzo‐Erro Susana Margarita , Massa Fernando , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , De Marchi Renato Jose , Celeste Roger Keller 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between different types of dental prostheses (and residual dentition) and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsA population‐based study with a representative sample of adults and older adults in Uruguay (2010‐2011). The dependent variable was the score on the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP), and the main predictor was the pattern of tooth loss and prosthesis use. Covariates included sex, age, socioeconomic status, education, missing teeth, pain and decayed teeth. Negative binomial regression was used.ResultsThe sample comprised 762 participants. Those participants not wearing a prosthesis and with extensive tooth loss had a mean OIDP of 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6‐6.2), while those wearing removable partial dentures (RPD) and having <12 missing teeth had a mean OIDP of 3.6 (95% CI = 1.3‐10.0). Participants with a free‐end saddle had the highest mean OIDP, at 4.9 (95% CI = 2.0‐12.1). For participants with ≤12 missing teeth, any additional missing tooth was associated with an 11% higher OIDP score. Participants who wore RDPs reported fewer impacts on OHRQoL if they had extensive tooth loss or anterior tooth loss than those with a free‐end saddle, or who had lost fewer teeth.ConclusionsThe use of RPDs is associated with better OHRQoL. These findings may be valuable in clinical practice and prosthetic planning.
The importance of considering the evolutionary history of polyploids when assessing climatic niche evolution
Authors: Padilla‐García Nélida , Šrámková Gabriela , Záveská Eliška , Šlenker Marek , Clo Josselin , Zeisek Vojtěch , Lučanová Magdalena , Rurane Ieva , Kolář Filip , Marhold Karol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimAlthough whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is an important speciation force, we still lack a consensus on the role of niche differentiation in polyploid evolution. In addition, the role of genome doubling per se vs. later divergence on polyploid niche evolution remains obscure. One reason for this might be that the intraspecific genetic structure of polyploid complexes and interploidy gene flow is often neglected in ecological studies. Here, we aim to investigate to which extent these evolutionary processes impact our inference on niche differentiation of autopolyploids.LocationEurope.TaxonArabidopsis arenosa (Brassicaceae).MethodsLeveraging a total of 352 cytotyped populations of diploid‐autotetraploid A. arenosa, we examined differences among climatic niches of diploid and tetraploid lineages both globally, and independently for each tetraploid lineage with respect to the niche of its evolutionary closest relative. Then, we tested whether there was an effect of additional interploidy introgression from other sympatric but ancestrally divergent diploid lineages of A. arenosa on climatic niches of tetraploids.ResultsEcological niche shift of tetraploids is only detected when the assignment of populations to intraspecific genetic lineages is considered. We found different patterns of climatic niche evolution (i.e. niche conservatism, contraction or expansion) in each tetraploid lineage when compared to its evolutionary closest relatives. We observed an effect of interploidy gene flow in patterns of climatic niche evolution of the tetraploid ruderal lineage of A. arenosa.Main conclusionsThe niche shift of tetraploids in A. arenosa is not driven by WGD per se but rather reflects dynamic post‐WGD evolution in the species, involving tetraploid migration out of their ancestral area and interploidy introgression with other diploid lineages. Our study supports that evolutionary processes following WGD—which usually remain undetected by studies neglecting evolutionary history of polyploids—may play a key role in the adaptation of polyploids to challenging environments.
The effects of stress on adolescents' school engagement
Authors: Coşkun Şimşek Didem , Günay Ulviye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProblemAdolescents experience stress due to physical, cognitive, emotional and sexual development. This descriptive study was conducted to find out whether stress experienced by adolescents affected their school engagement.MethodsThe sample was 440 students studying in a high schools in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey between October 2020 and January 2021. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐S) and the School Engagement Scale.FindingsStatistically significant differences were found between adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and mean scores on the ASQ‐S subdimension and total scores (p ˂ 0.05). A strong negative association was found between adolescents' ASQ mean subdimension and total scores and their School Engagement Scale mean subdimension and total scores (p ˂ 0.05).ConclusionsIt was found that adolescents’ sociodemographic characteristic affected their stress levels and school engagement and that high stress levels experienced by adolescents negatively affected their school engagement.
Paternal perinatal stress is associated with children's emotional problems at 2 years
Authors: Challacombe Fiona L. , Pietikäinen Johanna T. , Kiviruusu Olli , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi , Paunio Tiina , Paavonen E. Juulia 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPaternal mental health in pregnancy and postpartum has been increasingly highlighted as important both in its own right, but also as crucial for the development of children. Rates of help‐seeking among fathers is low, possibly due to conceptualising their own difficulties as stress rather than problems with mood. The relationship between paternal stress and child outcomes has not been investigated.MethodsThis study used data from the Finnish CHILD‐SLEEP birth cohort. Data were available for 901 fathers and 939 mothers who completed questionnaires on demographics, stress, anxiety and depression at 32 weeks gestation, 3 months, 8 months and 24 months postpartum. Parental report of child emotional and behavioural problems was collected at 24 months.ResultsAround 7% of fathers experienced high stress (over 90% percentile) at each timepoint measured in the perinatal period, rising to 10% at 2 years postpartum. Paternal stress measured antenatally, at 3 and 24 months was associated with child total problems at 24 months, while paternal depression and anxiety were not related to child outcomes when in the same model. After adjusting for concurrent maternal depression, anxiety and stress, an association remained between paternal stress at each timepoint and child total problem scores at 24 months. The strongest association was with paternal stress at 3 months (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.63–6.16). There were stronger relationships between paternal stress and boys' rather than girls' total problem scores, although the interactions were not statistically significant.ConclusionsPaternal stress is an important manifestation of perinatal distress and is related to child mental health, particularly when present in the early postpartum months. Paternal stress should therefore be assessed in the perinatal period, which presents opportunities for early intervention and prevention of difficulties for both father and child.
What matters most to the material intensity coefficient of buildings? Random forest‐based evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Ruirui , Guo Jing , Yang Dong , Shirakawa Hiroaki , Shi Feng , Tanikawa Hiroki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaterial intensity coefficient (MIC) is vital for material stock accounting in the field of industrial ecology. However, the categorization of MIC varies across regions especially for buildings that diverge greatly along the history and space aspect, and acquisition of MIC data and building information have always been a challenge in related studies. In this study, the state‐of‐art ensemble model “Random Forest” was developed on Chinese buildings to identify the impact of four building attributes (building structure, construction year, use type, and region) on MIC, and these features’ importance was further assessed by considering variable correlations. The features’ importance and their individual effects on MIC were intuitively revealed by depicting the partial dependence plots. Finally, a set of hierarchical MIC values was estimated by integrating the order of four variables’ importance and a quick MIC calculator was provided. Results showed that building structure is the most influential attribute for MIC, followed by the construction year, use type, and region, successively. The RF‐based MIC values allow researchers to apply it to material stock and flow analysis by choosing a specific building feature(s) in the MIC calculator, which is (are) available in building physical inventory data. This study provides a method that could help researchers locate key influencing variables and give insights into the comparability of MIC research across regions and play an important role in developing urban mining and circular economy strategies.