bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use
Authors: van Deuren Thirza , Blaak Ellen E. , Canfora Emanuel E. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryEvidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end product of the bacterial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates, is reputed to have anti‐inflammatory properties and positive effects on body weight control and insulin sensitivity. However, whether butyrate has therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity‐related complications remains to be elucidated. Overall, animal studies strongly indicate that butyrate administered via various routes (e.g., orally) positively affects adipose tissue metabolism and functioning, energy and substrate metabolism, systemic and tissue‐specific inflammation, and insulin sensitivity and body weight control. A limited number of human studies demonstrated interindividual differences in clinical effectiveness suggesting that outcomes may depend on the metabolic, microbial, and lifestyle‐related characteristics of the target population. Hence, despite abundant evidence from animal data, support of human data is urgently required for the implementation of evidence‐based oral and gut‐derived butyrate interventions. To increase the efficacy of butyrate‐focused interventions, future research should investigate which factors impact treatment outcomes including baseline gut microbial activity and functionality, thereby optimizing targeted‐interventions and identifying individuals that merit most from such interventions.
Necrosis and ethylene‐inducing‐like peptide patterns from crop pathogens induce differential responses within seven brassicaceous species
Authors: Schoonbeek Henk‐jan , Yalcin Hicret Asli , Burns Rachel , Taylor Rachel Emma , Casey Adam , Holt Sam , Van den Ackerveken Guido , Wells Rachel , Ridout Christopher J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranslational research is required to advance fundamental knowledge on plant immunity towards application in crop improvement. Recognition of microbe/pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) triggers a first layer of immunity in plants. The broadly occurring family of necrosis‐ and ethylene‐inducing peptide 1 (NEP1)‐like proteins (NLPs) contains immunogenic peptide patterns that are recognized by a number of plant species. Arabidopsis can recognize NLPs by the pattern recognition receptor AtRLP23 and its co‐receptors SOBIR1, BAK1, and BKK1, leading to induction of defence responses including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevation of intracellular [Ca2+]. However, little is known about NLP perception in Brassica crop species. Within 12 diverse accessions for each of six Brassica crop species, we demonstrate variation in response to Botrytis cinerea NLP BcNEP2, with Brassica oleracea (CC genome) being nonresponsive and only two Brassica napus cultivars responding to BcNEP2. Peptides derived from four fungal pathogens of these crop species elicited responses similar to BcNEP2 in B. napus and Arabidopsis. Induction of ROS by NLP peptides was strongly reduced in Atrlp23, Atsobir1 and Atbak1‐5 Atbkk1‐1 mutants, confirming that recognition of Brassica pathogen NLPs occurs in a similar manner to that of HaNLP3 from Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis in Arabidopsis. In silico analysis of the genomes of two B. napus accessions showed similar presence of homologues for AtBAK1, AtBKK1 and AtSOBIR1 but variation in the organization of AtRLP23 homologues. We could not detect a strong correlation between the ability to respond to NLP peptides and resistance to B. cinerea.
Reproductive sterility in aquaculture: A review of induction methods and an emerging approach with application to Pacific Northwest finfish species
Authors: Xu Lan , Zhao Mingli , Ryu Jun Hyung , Hayman Edward S. , Fairgrieve William T. , Zohar Yonathan , Luckenbach J. Adam , Wong Ten‐Tsao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAquaculture is the fastest‐growing food‐production sector and is striving to become a long‐term sustainable approach to meet the rising global demand for seafood. During the expansion and advancement of aquaculture, minimizing ecological impacts should occur concomitantly with maximizing production. Farmed fish, often genetically distinct from their natural conspecifics, may pose significant risks of genetic contamination and ecological imbalance to wild populations if they escape from aquaculture confinement. Growing reproductively sterile fish is the most effective way to genetically contain farmed fish. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) escape events in the ‘Pacific Northwest’ region of the United States and Canada have raised alarms over potential ecological impacts and led to legislation in Washington State phasing out the culture of non‐native finfish species. Farming sterile native species such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the Pacific Northwest would ease public concerns and promote environmentally and economically sustainable aquaculture. Sterile fish also can mitigate the challenge of precocious maturation, a prominent issue associated with culture of salmonids and many other species, to improve somatic growth, flesh quality and fish health and welfare. Here, we review methods having potential applications for producing sterile fish and introduce our novel immersion‐based technology that temporarily silences the dead end (dnd) gene using Morpholino oligonucleotides to produce sterile coho salmon and sablefish for the first time. The successful induction of sterility in these two iconic Pacific Northwest species without introducing genetic modifications would promote the use of this immersion‐based sterilization technology for more aquaculture finfish worldwide.
Working time reduction and employment in a finite world*
Authors: Fagnart Jean‐François , Germain Marc , Van der Linden Bruno 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the consequences of a working time reduction (WTR) in a growth model with efficiency wages and an essential natural resource (natural capital), and in which technical progress cannot reduce the resource content of final production to zero. We show that if natural capital is scarce enough, a WTR increases the long‐term levels of the hourly wage and employment. A numerical analysis of the transitory impacts of a WTR confirms that when natural capital is scarcer, a WTR increases employment more and the hourly wage less, with a less negative initial impact on output.
Immanence in Schelling and Hegel in the Jena Period
Authors: Bubbio Paolo Diego , Fulvi Daniele 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, we argue that in the Jena period (1801–1803) Schelling and Hegel both rejected the conception of God as coinciding with the moral order, which they attribute to Fichte; such coincidence, in their view, turned God into a transcendent and merely moral Being. In an effort to demonstrate their distance from Fichte's view, we contend, Schelling and Hegel advocated for a metaphysical (rather than merely moral) and immanent (rather than transcendent) understanding of God, conceived in its inextricable relation with nature and self‐consciousness. We conclude by demonstrating that the cooperation between Schelling and Hegel in the Jena period led them to develop an analogous conception of immanence—which already foreshadows, however, the different directions that Schelling and Hegel take in their mature works.
Who needs cash? The deservingness perceptions of Brazilian civil servants in cash‐based social policy implementation
Authors: de Andrade Luiz Henrique Alonso , Pekkola Elias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrawing on existing European research findings, we assess factors driving Brazilian social security street‐level officials' deservingness perceptions through survey and administrative data. Ordered regression analyses gauge the effects of socioeconomic status, social work academic background and face‐to‐face contact with the public on these officials' perceptions towards social assistance beneficiaries under seven deservingness criteria. A middle‐class socioeconomic status increased the odds that beneficiaries are seen as undeserving under the criteria of social investment, control and reciprocity, while a high socioeconomic status is linked to benevolent perceptions of their need. A social work academic background is strongly linked to higher overall deservingness perceptions, whereas frequent face‐to‐face contact with the public can reduce them under the control deservingness criterion. The research takes a new step in the direction of deservingness survey studies, suggesting the formulation of new analytical frameworks and increasing policymakers' awareness of the importance of variables driving bureaucracy decisions.
Usefulness of squash preparation cytology in the diagnosis of canine urinary bladder carcinomas
Authors: Pierini Alessio , Criscuolo Maria Carla , Bonfanti Ugo , Benvenuti Elena , Marchetti Veronica , Bottero Enrico 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial cells show varying degrees of cytologic atypia in dogs with nonmalignant lesions (NML) and carcinomas (ubC) of the bladder, making histopathologic examination necessary for a definitive diagnosis.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of squash preparation cytology and identify several cytomorphologic features of ubC to assist in diagnoses.MethodsSquash preparations were made and reviewed in dogs that underwent transurethral cystoscopy. The results were compared with histopathologic diagnoses. Two cytopathologists performed blinded assessments using a scoring system established for 11 cytologic features, including the presence of macronuclei, abnormal nucleoli, atypical mitoses, signet ring cells, multinucleated cells, nuclear molding, anisokaryosis, cytoplasmatic microvacuolization, cell arrangements, and neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltrations. Based on cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses, dogs were divided into ubC and NML groups. Associations between cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses were investigated, and agreement between the cytopathologists was calculated. Cytologic features were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression models. The performance of predictors in the final model was evaluated in terms of Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), likelihood ratio positive (LR+), and negative (LR‐) values, and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR).ResultsForty‐four dogs diagnosed with ubC, and 17 with NML were included in the study. Cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses were significantly associated with each cytopathologist. There was an almost perfect agreement between cytopathologists (κ = 0.88). The absence of neutrophilic infiltration, the presence of multinucleated cells, and nuclear molding were associated with ubC; using a combination of these features in parallel testing resulted in Se = 0.98, Sp = 0.65, accuracy = 0.89, PPV = 0.88, NPV = 0.92, LR + =2.77, LR‐ = 0.04, and DOR = 7.7.ConclusionsSquash preparation cytology could be a reliable technique to diagnose ubC in dogs. The best diagnostic combination was the absence of neutrophilic infiltration, multinucleated cells, and nuclear molding.
The Effect of Physical Exertional Testing on Postconcussion Symptom Scale Scores in Male and Female High School Students
Authors: Miutz Lauren N. , Emery Carolyn A. , Black Amanda M. , Jordan Matthew J. , Smirl Jonathan D. , Schneider Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Symptom scores commonly measured following concussion were compared between male and female adolescents with (Hx+) and without (Hx−) a history of concussion, pre and post physical exertion testing. Methods: Eighty (males [n = 60; Hx+ = 19], female [n = 20; Hx+ = 5]) high school students (ages 15–17 y) completed the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test once and the modified shuttle run test twice. Symptom scores were collected using the 22-point Symptom Evaluation Scale on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (version 5) immediately pre and post physical exertion testing. Results: The symptoms most reported during preexertional testing were fatigue/low energy, feeling slowed down, and nervous/anxious, whereas feeling slowed down, fatigue/low energy, “pressure in head” (males only), and headache (females only) were most frequently reported during postexertion testing. Conclusion: An understanding of the common exertion-related symptoms at baseline in a laboratory or field-based setting in adolescents may be advantageous for clinicians as they manage individual recovery postconcussion. This is particularly important during an adolescent’s recovery and return to play when exertional testing may be implemented, especially since symptoms were reported pre and post exertional testing in both males and females regardless of concussion history.
Middle Jurassic intracontinental evolution of East Asia: Insights from the Tianshifu-Dongyingfang basin of the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China
Authors: Ren Zhiheng , Dong Shuwen , Zhang Yueqiao , Chen Xuanhua , Shi Wei , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Middle Jurassic intracontinental shortening event in East Asia, known as episode A of the Yanshanian Movement in the eastern North China Craton and the first phase of the Daebo Orogeny in the Korean Peninsula, respectively, has been thoroughly studied during the past two decades. However, the timing of its beginning, duration, and deformational processes are still highly controversial because few studies have probed the correlations between episode A of the Yanshanian Movement and the first phase of the Daebo Orogeny. The Tianshifu-Dongyingfang basin, located in the northern Liaodong Peninsula, is filled with complete Jurassic sequences that can be compared with those in the eastern North China Craton to the west of the Tan-Lu fault zone and the Korean Peninsula. Regional stratigraphic correlations suggest that the Tianshifu-Dongyingfang basin contains not only the syntectonic conglomerates, but also the lower and upper unconformities A1 and A2 of episode A of the Yanshanian Movement, which separated the syntectonic conglomerates from the underlying Early–Middle Jurassic coal measures and the overlying Late Jurassic red beds, respectively. Detailed field survey and structural analysis show that the development of syntectonic conglomerates and unconformities A1 and A2 were controlled by the imbricate thrust fault system in the basement, which resulted from the WNW–ESE compression inversed from the fault-slip data. The youngest detrital zircon U-Pb ages obtained near unconformities A1 and A2 show that the WNW–ESE compression of episode A of the Yanshanian Movement in the Liaodong Peninsula initiated at ca. 171 Ma and ended at least by 163 Ma. Our new structural and geochronological data, combined with data from the neighboring areas, suggest that episode A of the Yanshanian Movement and the first phase of the Daebo Orogeny belong to a single intracontinental shortening event, the compressional deformation of which was derived from the westward, lowangle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and transmitted to the Korean and Liaodong Peninsulas at ca. 172–170 Ma and to the eastern North China Craton to the west of the Tan-Lu fault zone at 170–165 Ma.
Quality of life in children with glaucoma: a qualitative interview study in Australia
Authors: Knight Lachlan S W , Ridge Bronwyn , Staffieri Sandra E , Craig Jamie E , Prem Senthil Mallika , Souzeau Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveChildhood glaucoma is a chronic vision-threatening condition that may significantly impact an individual’s psychosocial well-being. There is a paucity of literature investigating the quality of life (QoL) in children with glaucoma. The aim of this study was to investigate and report on the QoL issues encountered by children with glaucoma.DesignThis is a qualitative interview study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. NVivo V.12 software (QSR International Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) was used to analyse and code data to identify QoL themes. The prominence of QoL themes was determined by the number of children who raised issues connected to the corresponding theme.SettingInterviews were conducted via telephone or videoconferencing between April 2020 and July 2021.ParticipantsEighteen children with glaucoma, aged 8–17 years, who resided in Australia, were recruited from the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma.ResultsMedian child age was 12.1 years (IQR: 9.7–14.5 years) and 33% were female. Seven QoL themes were identified: ‘coping’, ‘inconveniences’ and ‘emotional well-being’ were more prominent themes than ‘symptoms’, ‘ocular health concerns’, ‘social well-being’ and ‘autonomy’. Adaptive coping strategies included resilience throughout clinical examinations and establishing positive relationships with ophthalmologists. These minimised inconveniences related to clinic waiting times and pupillary dilatation. External to the clinical setting, children often dissociated from their glaucoma but struggled with glare symptoms and feeling misunderstood by fellow peers. Older children aged 13–17 years commonly disengaged from their glaucoma care and expressed an unwillingness to attend ophthalmic appointments. Older children further raised issues with career options, obtaining a driver’s licence and family planning under the theme of autonomy.ConclusionsThe psychosocial impact of childhood glaucoma extends beyond the clinical environment and was minimised using coping strategies. Older children may require additional social and ophthalmic support as they transition into adulthood.
Addressing CPI resistance in NSCLC: targeting TAM receptors to modulate the tumor microenvironment and future prospects
Authors: Peters Solange , Paz-Ares Luis , Herbst Roy S , Reck Martin 
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), including those targeting programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1), have revolutionized the treatment landscape for various cancers. Notably, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens now form the standard first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC, substantially improving patients’ overall survival. Despite the progress made using CPI-based therapies in advanced NSCLC, most patients experience disease progression after an initial response due to resistance. Given the currently limited therapeutic options available for second-line and beyond settings in NSCLC, new treatment approaches are needed to improve long-term survival in these patients. Thus, CPI resistance is an emerging concept in cancer treatment and an active area of clinical research.Among the key mechanisms of CPI resistance is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Effective CPI therapy is based on shifting immune responses against cancer cells, therefore, manipulating the immunosuppressive TME comprises an important strategy to combat CPI resistance. Several aspects of the TME can contribute to treatment resistance in NSCLC, including through the activation of Tyro3, Axl, MerTK (TAM) receptors which are essential pleiotropic regulators of immune homeostasis. Their roles include negatively modulating the immune response, therefore ectopic expression of TAM receptors in the context of cancer can contribute to the immunosuppressive, protumorigenic TME. Furthermore, TAM receptors represent important candidates to simultaneously target both tumor cells and immune cells in the TME. Clinical development of TAM receptor inhibitors (TAM RIs) is increasingly focused on their ability to rescue the antitumor immune response, thereby shifting the immunosuppressive TME to an immunostimulatory TME. There is a strong biological rationale for combining TAM RIs with a CPI to overcome resistance and improve long-term clinical responses in NSCLC. Combinatorial clinical trials of TAM RIs with CPIs are underway with encouraging preliminary results. This review outlines the key mechanisms of CPI resistance, including the role of the immunosuppressive TME, and discusses the rationale for targeting TAM receptors as a novel, promising therapeutic strategy to overcome CPI resistance in NSCLC.
Are Dutch and French languages miscible?
Authors: Seoane Luís F. , Mira Jorge 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrench and Dutch are two languages of different origins (Germanic vs. Romance) that coexist within the nation-state of Belgium. While they are mostly segregated throughout the Belgian territory, in Brussels they reach an actual cohabitation with a relevant bilingual population. The dominant language in Brussels shifted from Dutch to French during the late XIX century in a process known as the Francization of Brussels. The fractions of speakers of each language and of bilinguals over that time were recorded periodically until political tensions ended the censuses in the country. This relevant linguistic shift has been the object of sociopolitical studies, but the available empirical data have never before been analyzed using a theoretical mathematical model that would allow us to quantify causal factors behind the observed dynamics. Here we carry out such study for the first time, measuring effective values of perceived interlinguistic similarity and language prestige, among others. This modeling and quantification allows us to speculate about possible trajectories of fractions of speakers over time—specifically, whether Dutch and French tend to be languages that can coexist in the long term. We find that there is an overall tendency of both tongues to grow segregated over time, suggesting, in physics terms, that Dutch and French are not miscible. The scenarios that would allow for language coexistence would often see a starkly dominating language. Notwithstanding, we also discuss the costs of attempting to sustain the cohabitation despite a natural tendency to the contrary.
Defect mode tunability for escherichia coli in one-dimensional photonic crystals with thin graphene layers
Authors: Segovia-Chaves Francis , Taya Sofyan A. 
Published: July 2022

In this work, the transmittance spectrum for a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal was calculated. The crystal was composed of alternating GaAs and SiO2 layers, and its cavity was infiltrated by escherichia coli bacteria, which was surrounded by thin graphene layers. In this study, we assumed that the GaAs dielectric constant depends on the pressure applied. Within the photonic bandgap, a defect mode that tunes to decreasing wavelengths, as pressure increases can be observed. This shift in the transmittance spectrum is coupled with a decrease in the energy stored within the cavity. In addition, when the graphene-layer thickness was increased while maintaining the pressure constant at 0 GPa, the defect mode is tuned to a long wavelength, which favors two confined modes for thicknesses more than 33 nm.