bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of physicochemical effects and the possibility of eutrophication by implementing a water transfer project from Nargesi Dam to Parishan Wetland , Iran
Authors: Tavabe Kamran Rezaei , Kuchaksaraei Bahareh Samadi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Parishan International Wetland in Fars Province, Iran, has been dried up since 2009. The restoration plan is underway by transferring water from Nargesi dam. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical effects of water transfer from and the possibility of eutrophication in Parishan Wetland. Sampling was done from the active springs and Shirinrood river (behind Nargesi dam). Physicochemical parameters were measured and compared with wet years of the wetland. The average EC of Nargesi Dam and the average EC of wetland water after water transfer, were calculated with an annual input of 15 million m3. The results showed, with the entry of water from Nargesi dam in rainy months, after 7–10 years of EC, salinity, hardness and TDS of the wetland will reach the long-term period of the wetland in wet times. After this period, if water input from the dam continues, the water of the wetland will be saltier at the rate of 0.25–0.27 g/l per year, and after 10 years, the salinity will be 2.5–2.7 g/l, which does not create ecosystem contradictions and due to the euryhaline nature of Parishan wetland aquatic animals, it will not have negative ecological effects on the inhabitants. Despite the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in the two water sources, due to the high pH and alkalinity of the wetland water, as it was in the wet years, these two nutrients are not limiting factors for production, but due to the high pH and high alkalinity, eutrophication will not occur.
Tetraaza dibromide/SBA15 as a New Optical Sensing Materials for Copper Ion Detection
Authors: Ariffin Eda Yuhana , Sulaiman Siti Syahraini , Jilani Nur Aisyah Kadir , Nokarajoo Devika , Razak Nurul Hidayah Abd , Derawi Darfizzi , Hasbullah Siti Aishah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A novel of sensitive and selective optical sensor for copper(II) ion sensor based on tetraaza dibromide, 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-7,14-dienium dibromide (TL) immobilized on Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) has been successfully developed. The inner and outer space of SBA15 allowed a high capacity of TL compound to immobilise onto it. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was performed to confirm the cylindrical shapes and large pores of SBA-15. Binding study of TL compound towards Cu2+ ion was performed via UV -vis solution study and binding titration. The binding constant value, Kb of TL towards Cu2+ ion was 59.87 ± 1.62 M− 1. The optical sensor demonstrated a linear response over a wide Cu2+ ion concentration range 1×10− 7 M to 2×10− 5 M with a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.01664×10− 7 M (R2 = 0.99). The developed optical sensor showed high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) obtained at 0.47%. The developed sensor is reusable up to five consecutive Cu2+ ion by using 0.1 M EDTA, pH 6 as a regeneration solution with a reversibility RSD value of 0.79%. This optical sensor provides a highly sensitive and selective tools for copper(II) ion detection in teabag samples and the result is align with those obtained by ICP-OES standard method.
MYC and MET cooperatively drive hepatocellular carcinoma with distinct molecular traits and vulnerabilities
Authors: Sequera Célia , Grattarola Margherita , Holczbauer Agnes , Dono Rosanna , Pizzimenti Stefania , Barrera Giuseppina , Wangensteen Kirk , Maina Flavio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Enhanced activation of the transcription factor MYC and of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET are among events frequently occurring in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both genes individually act as drivers of liver cancer initiation and progression. However, their concomitant alteration in HCC has not been explored, nor functionally documented. Here, we analysed databases of five independent human HCC cohorts and found a subset of patients with high levels of MYC and MET (MYChigh/METhigh) characterised by poor prognosis. This clinical observation drove us to explore functionality of MYC and MET co-occurrence in vivo, combining hydrodynamic tail vein injection for MYC expression in the R26stopMet genetic setting, in which wild-type MET levels is enhanced following genetic deletion of a stop cassette. Results showed that increased MYC and MET expression in hepatocytes is sufficient to induce liver tumorigenesis even in the absence of pre-existing injuries associated with a chronic disease state. Intriguingly, ectopic MYC in MET tumours increases expression of the Mki67 proliferation marker, and switches them into loss of Afp, Spp1, Gpc3, Epcam accompanied by increased in Hgma1 transcript levels. We additionally found a switch in the expression of specific immune checkpoints, with an increase in the Ctla-4 and Lag3 lymphocyte co-inhibitory responses, and a decrease in the Icosl co-stimulatory responses of tumour cells. We provide in vitro evidence on the vulnerability of some human HCC cell lines to combined MYC and MET targeting, which are otherwise resistant to single inhibition. Mechanistically, combined blockage of MYC and MET converts a partial cytostatic effect, triggered by individual blockage of MYC or MET, into a cytotoxic effect. Together, these findings highlight a subgroup of HCC characterised by MYChigh/METhigh, and document functional cooperativity between MYC and MET in liver tumorigenesis. Thus, the MYC-R26Met model is a relevant setting for HCC biology, patient classification and treatment.
The Combination of Lactate Level, Lactate Clearance and APACHE II Score Better Predicts Short-Term Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Yongmei , Yao Sijia , Shang Jiawei , Ping Feng , Tan Qin , Tian Zijun , Huang Weifeng , Li Yingchuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The mortality rate is high in critically ill patients due to the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Thus, it is very important to explore the predictive value of different indicators related to prognosis in critically ill patients.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study in Intensive care unit (ICU) of the Sixth People’s Hospital in Shanghai, China. A total of 1465 ICU patients who had lactate values > 2.1 mmol/L at least once within 24 hrs of ICU admission and arterial blood gas monitored more than twice during the ICU stay.
Results
The predictive value of lactate clearance24hrs was not high, and the sensitivity and specificity were lower. The predictive value of the lactate level at baseline and the APACHE II score was higher than that of lactate clearance24hrs in critically ill patients. The predictive value of the lactate level at baseline combined with the APACHE II score was higher than that of the lactate level at baseline or the APACHE II score alone. In addition, the predictive value of lactate clearance24hrs combined with the APACHE II score was also significantly higher than that of lactate clearance24hrs or the APACHE II score alone. In particular, the area under the ROC reached 0.900, the predictive value was markedly higher than that of the ROC alone, and the sensitivity and specificity were better when these three indicators were combined.
Conclusions
The combination of lactate level, lactate clearance and APACHE II score better predicts short-term outcomes in critically ill patients.
Individual versus simultaneous estimation of two parameters in a correlated noisy environment
Authors: Guo Youneng , Chen Xiangjun , Yang Cheng , Xie Qin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, the phase parametric estimation for a single qubit system driven by a phase noisy laser under non-Markovian dynamics has been reported. We here generalize the single-parameter estimation to the two-parameter scenario where a two-qubit system is influenced by correlated phase noisy laser, and compare the performances of two-parameter estimation in both individual and simultaneous strategies by using the quantum Fisher information and the quantum Fisher information matrix, respectively.Our results show the phase parametric estimation precision can be improved due to the memory effect arising from successive applications of the noisy laser. With the memory coefficient $\mu$ increasing, the precision of parameter estimation becomes more accuracy. Besides, the phase parameter estimation precision can be well enhanced by engineering the ratios of classical phase noisy laser rate and system-environment coupling strength dependent of Markovian or non-Markovian regions. What's more, we find the simultaneous estimation of two-phase parameters is not always advantageous over the individual strategy.
Global tradeoffs between prosperity, inequality, and the environment
Authors: Wu Tong , Rocha Juan , Berry Kevin , Chaigneau Tomas , Lindvist Emilie , Hamann Maike , Qiu Jiangxiao , Schill Caroline , Shepon Alon , Crépin Anne-Sophie , Folke Carl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sustainability is often framed as achieving prosperity, equality, and environmental integrity: in other words, high living standards, evenly-distributed, and low-impact. But what if there is a trilemma that inhibits the joint achievement of these three key goals? We analyzed synergies and tradeoffs between these dimensions of sustainability by investigating historical data on per-capita gross national income, the Gini coefficient for income distribution, and per-capita ecological footprint. We found that no country in the world successfully solved this trilemma, but there are typologies of countries that can help identify common barriers, and strategies to overcome them. Countries typically reduce inequality and then increase prosperity and environmental impact. Some countries are trapped in a high inequality space, while prosperous countries have reduced inequality only at the expense of increasing environmental impact. Escaping this trilemma to achieve ambitious sustainability goals will likely require economic redistribution and more urgent collective action for planetary stewardship.
Decoding of NB-LDPC Codes based on Multi-Layer Perceptual Neural Networks
Authors: Han Tianwei , Zhang Meiling , Wang Yuyan , Hu Guijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes have been extraordinarily important in the field of communications because its error-correction approximates to Shannon limit. Binary LDPC codes have been applied in many fields, and relatively Non-Binary (NB) LDPC codes have recently attracted considerable attention on account of their better error performance. Common NB-LDPC codes decoding algorithm involves Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm, Fast Hadamard Transform-BP (FHT-BP) algorithm, etc. The decoding performance of each algorithm has a certain upper limit. In this paper, the code word structure of NB-LDPC codes is considered, and the decoding of LDPC codes under Galois Field(4) (GF(4)) is mainly indicated. On the basis of the FHT-BP algorithm, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks and bit flipping (BF) method are introduced for joint decoding. This method can improve the error performance of LDPC codes and achieve better decoding results.
An Ethical Trajectory Planning Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Geisslinger Maximilian , Poszler Franziska , Lienkamp Markus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the rise of AI and automation, moral decisions are being put into the hands of algorithms that were formerly the preserve of humans. In autonomous driving, a variety of such decisions with ethical impli-cations are made by algorithms for behavior and trajectory planning. Therefore, we present an ethical trajectory planning algorithm with a framework that aims at a fair distribution of risk among road users. Our implementation incorporates a combination of five essential ethical principles: minimization of the overall risk, priority for the worst-off, equal treatment of people, responsibility, and maximum acceptable risk. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first ethical algorithm for trajectory planning of autonomous vehicles in line with the 20 recommendations from the EU Commission expert group and with general applicability to various traffic situations. We showcase the ethical behavior of our algorithm in selected scenarios and provide an empirical analysis of the ethical principles in 2000 scenarios. The code used in this research is available as open-source software.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family carers of those with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities: Perspectives from UK and Irish Non-Government Organisations.
Authors: Linden Mark , Forbes Trisha , Brown Michael , Marsh Lynne , Truesdale Maria , McCann Edward , Todd Stuart , Hughes Nathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Family carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities (PMID) experienced a reduction in healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many subsequently turned to Non-Government Organisations who worked to support families. However, little research has sought to capture the experiences of family carers or identify effective interventions which might support them. To address these concerns we explored the views of Non-Government sector workers across the UK and Ireland who supported families people with PMID during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also sought to explore their views on the characteristics of online support programmes for family carers.Methods: This study employed a qualitative design using focus groups with participants (n=24) from five Non-Governmental Organisations across the UK and Ireland. Interview schedules included questions on challenges, supports, coping and resources which helped during lockdown restrictions. Focus groups were held online, were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The resulting transcripts were pseudonymised and subjected to thematic analysis. Findings: Four themes were identified (i) ‘mental health and well-being’, (ii) ‘they who shout the loudest’, (iii) ‘lack of trust in statutory services’ and (iv) ‘creating an online support programme’. Mental health and well-being emerged as the largest theme and included three subthemes named as ‘isolation’, ‘fear of COVID-19’ and ‘the exhaustion of caring’. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the vulnerability of family carers who were already experiencing difficulties in accessing services and supports for their families. While Non-Government Organisations have been a crucial lifeline there is urgent need to design services, including online support programmes, in partnership with family carers which adequately address their needs.
Diversity of gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses in wild birds and poultry in Russia
Authors: Marchenko Vasily , Danilenko Alexey , Kolosova Nataliya , Bragina Maria , Molchanova Marina , Bulanovich Yuliya , Gorodov Vladimir , Leonov Sergey , Gudymo Andrey , Onkhonova Galina , Svyatchenko Svetlana , Ryzhikov Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coronaviruses of genera Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are globally widespread and are found primarily in wild and domestic birds with established crossover from avian to mammalian reservoir. There is limited understanding of the diversity and geographical distribution of coronaviruses among birds. In this study, the surveillance of coronaviruses in birds in Russia performed in 2020 revealed the presence of coronaviruses in 12% of samples from birds. Targeted NGS approach was used for the evaluation of genetic diversity based on RdRp gene. While gammacoronviruses were found in both wild brids and poultry, deltacoronaviruses were found in wild birds only and represent the first detections for Russia. A number of cases with the simultaneous detection of gamma- and deltacoronaviruses in one bird was reported. Results of the study highlight the importance of further research of the spread and diversity of coronaviruses among birds on the territory of Russia and in the world.
A Multi-label CNN model for the automatic detection and segmentation of primary brain tumors using 18F-FET PET imaging
Authors: Rahimpour Masoomeh , Boellaard Ronald , Deckers Wies , Goffin Karolien , Koole Michel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop a CNN model for automatic detection and segmentation of primary brain tumors using 18F-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET.
Methods
Eighty-four patients who underwent a 40 min dynamic 18F-FET PET were retrospectively included. Ground truth labels for the lesions and background regions were defined by a nuclear medicine physician using MIM software. A multi-label CNN was developed to segment the lesion and background region using the 20–40 min static scan. In addition, a single-label CNN was implemented for lesion-only segmentation. Lesion detectability was evaluated by classifying 18F-FET PET scans as negative when no tumor was segmented and vice versa, while the segmentation performance was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the segmented tumor volume. The quantitative accuracy was evaluated using the maximal tumor to average background uptake (TBR).
Results
The multi-label CNN model achieved a sensitivity of 88.9% and precision of 96.5% for discriminating between positive and negative 18F-FET PET scans which was significantly improved compared to the single-label CNN model with the sensitivity of 35.3% and precision of 83.1%. In addition, it allowed the accurate extraction of the maximal lesion and the average background uptake, resulting in an accurate TBR estimation compared to the fully manual approach. In terms of lesion detectability, the multi-label CNN model equally performed as the benchmark CNN model with the DSC of 74.5 ± 23.1 vs 73.7 ± 23.2. When using the tumor segmentations obtained by the two CNN models, the estimated tumor volume closely approximated the tumor volume estimated by the manual segmentations.
Conclusion
The proposed multi-label CNN model detected positive 18F-FET PET scans with high sensitivity and precision. Once detected, an accurate tumor segmentation and estimation of background activity was achieved resulting in an automatic, accurate TBR estimation, such that user interaction and potential inter-reader variability can be minimized.
Empirical studies on the practice translation of ethical recommendations. Cross-sectional study on evaluation objects
Authors: Schwietering Johannes , Langhof Holger , Strech Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Empirical research can become relevant for bioethics in at least two ways. First, to inform the development or refinement of ethical recommendations. Second, to evaluate how effective, efficient, or valid ethical recommendations are translated into practice. This study aims to investigate the scope and objectives of empirical studies evaluating how ethical recommendations are translated into practice. Methods: A sample of the latest 400 publications from four bioethics journals was created and screened. All publications were included if they met one of the following three criteria: (1) evaluative empirical research, (2) non-evaluative empirical research and (3) borderline cases. For all publications categorized as evaluative empirical research we analyzed which objects (norms and recommendations) had been evaluated.Results: 234 studies were included of which 54% (n=126) were categorized as non-evaluative empirical studies, 36% (n=84) as evaluative empirical studies, and 10% (n=24) as borderline cases. The evaluation object reflected in five of all 84 evaluative empirical studies very broadly formulated aspirational norms, in 14 (16%) studies more specific norms and in 65 (77%) studies concrete best practices.Conclusions: This mapping study shows that empirical evaluative studies can be found at all stages in the translational process from theory to best practices. It thereby facilitates discussions on how to further develop and assure quality of the emerging field of empirical studies on the practice translation of ethical recommendations.Trial registration: The methodology used was described in a study protocol that was registered publicly on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/r6h4y/).
Interaction of amiodarone with azoles against Aspergillus planktonic cells and biofilms in vitro
Authors: Duan Zhimin , Tong Jianbo , Zheng Nana , Zeng Rong , Liu Yuzhen , Li Min 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aspergillus spp. is the most common clinical pathogen of invasive fungal infection with high mortality. Existing treatments for Aspergillus spp. infection are still inefficient and accompanied by drug resistance, so it is still urgent to find new treatment approaches. The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone (AMD) has demonstrated antifungal activity against a range of fungi. This study evaluated the efficacy of AMD in combination with triazoles for Aspergillus spp. infection. We tested the combined effect of AMD and three triazole drugs, namely, itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS), on the planktonic cells and biofilms of 20 strains of Aspergillus spp. via a checkerboard microdilution assay derived from 96-well plate-based method. Our results reveal that the combination of AMD with ITR or POS against Aspergillus biofilms has synergistic fungicidal effects. By contrast, the combination of AMD with VRC exhibits no antagonistic and synergistic effects. In this way, the use of AMD in combination with ITR or POS could be an effective adjunctive treatment for Aspergillus spp. infection.
Unincreased mortality of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis compared to the general population in the past two decades: results from a Japanese prospective observational cohort: IORRA
Authors: Sugitani Naohiro , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Abe Mai , Sugano Eri , Saka Kumiko , Ochiai Moeko , Higuchi Yoko , Yamaguchi Rei , Sugimoto Naoki , Ikari Katsunori , Nakajima Ayako , Yamanaka Hisashi , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:The mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported to have reduced due to the improved treatment of RA in the last two decades. However, it has not yet been clarified whether the progress of RA treatment improves the prognosis of patients with early RA. We aimed to investigate the mortality rate of patients with early RA over the past two decades.Methods:Patients with RA who participated in the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA) cohort within two years of disease onset between 2001– 2012 were enrolled and classified into Group A (2001–2006) and B (2007–2012). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) versus the Japanese general population and five-year survival rate were calculated. A multiple imputation method was employed for the sensitivity analysis of SMR. The five-year survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results:Groups A and B had 1,609 and 1,608 patients, respectively, of which 167 (10.4%) and 178 (11.0%) patients were lost during follow-up, respectively. Overall, 47 and 45 deaths of patients were confirmed in Groups A and B, respectively. The SMR (95% confidence interval) for Groups A and B were 0.81 (0.59–1.08) and 0.78 (0.57–1.04), respectively, with the condition that all untraceable patients were alive for 5 years. Assuming that the mortality rate of patients lost to follow-up was twice as high as that of the general population, the SMR was 0.90 (0.68–1.19) for Group A and 0.92 (0.68–1.23) for Group B. The 5-year survival rates were 96.9% and 97.0% for groups A and B, respectively (P=0.83).Conclusions:The 5-year mortality of patients with early RA has been comparable to that of the general Japanese population; the 5-year survival rate has been stable over the past two decades.