bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The F- Distribution with Applications to Number of Female Patients with Cancer
Authors: Akinyemi E. K. , Ogunsola O.A. , Oyinbodunmi B. O. 
Published: February 2022

The F-distribution is a particular parameterization of the beta prime distribution, which is also called the beta distribution of the second kind. This considered a new four-parameter generalized version of the Fisher Snedecor distribution called Beta- F distribution is introduced. The comprehensive account of the statistical properties of the new distributions was considered. Formal expressions for the cumulative density function, moments, and moment generating function and maximum likelihood estimation as well as its Fisher information were obtained.
This study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population was female patients with cancer in Lagos State University teaching Hospital for complete for 36 days. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and presented in tables, charts and figures. Some well-known distributions were fit, some existing single distributions and the proposed F distribution to these data using the method of maximum likelihood was applied using Micro-Soft Excel 2007.
The study established that the minimum AIC and minimum statistic on kolmogorov Smirnov of the F-distribution shows that female patients with cancer data better than the other life time distributions considered. The study concluded that Fisher-distribution is better off than existing single distribution with reference to Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) been used. It is instructive to note that the F-distribution preserves the originality of the data without transformation.
Hookworm Infection in Infant: A Case Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Arshad S. M. , Arifa . , Zakiya Usmani , Sakshi Pangti 
Published: February 2022

Background: Hookworms are nematode parasites belonging to Ancylostomatidae helminth family that causes variety of clinical problems. They are often termed as soil transmitted helminths (STH) because human infection occurs by ingestion of eggs and /or skin contact with contaminated soil. Hookworm infection is common in tropical countries and transmission is influenced by climatic and socio-economic conditions. Hookworm infection in neonatal and infantile period are rarely reported. Here, we describe a case of two months old infant with hookworm infection and review the relevant literature.
Case Presentation: A two-month-old institution delivered male baby on exclusive breastfeeding with no significant ante natal or post natal history referred to our hospital with complains of black tarry stool since birth and progressive paleness of body requiring multiple packed cell transfusion. On investigation, child has severe anaemia with eosinophilia and positive stool for occult blood. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed hookworm in duodenum. The child was treated with oral mebendazole and discharged in good condition.
Discussion: Hookworm is a major public health problem in tropical and sub tropical countries. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and rarely detected. Hookworm infection can lead to growth retardation, failure to thrive, cognitive impairment and other manifestations also. Most of the cases are reported in older children and very few cases are reported in newborns and infants. Mechanism of transmission of infected larvae in such young infant in unclear. Transmission may occur vertically either through trans-placental route or by breastfeeding. Hookworm infection should be considered in differential diagnosis newborns and infants presented with unexplained weight loss, melena, anaemia with eosinophilia. The disease can be managed effectively through simple and easily available medications and adverse outcome can be prevented.
Conclusion: Very young infants residing in helminth endemic area with low socioeconomic status and presenting with severe anaemia with melena and/or failure to thrive, one should consider possibility of hookworm infection.
Modified Classes of Regression-Type Estimators of Population Mean in the Presences of Auxiliary Attribute
Authors: Audu A. , Abdulazeez S. A. , Danbaba A. , Ahijjo Y. M. , Gidado A. , Yunusa M. A. 
Published: February 2022

The use of relevant information from auxiliary variable at the estimation stage and design stage to obtain reliable and efficient estimate is a common practice is a sample survey. But situations arise when the available auxiliary information are attribute in nature. There are some existing estimators based on auxiliary attribute in literature, however, they are less efficient when the bi-serial correlation between the study variable and auxiliary attribute is negative. Also, some depend on an unknown parameter of the study variable (Cy) which makes their applicability of the estimators in real life situations not possible unless if the value is estimated using a large sample which requires additional resources. In this work, the concept of regression base estimator was used to obtain estimators that are independent of unknown population parameter of the study variable and applicable for both negative and positive correlations. The properties (Biases and MSEs) of the modified estimators were derived up to the first order of approximation using Taylor series approach. The efficiency conditions of the proposed estimation over the existing estimator considered in the study were established. The empirical studies were conducted using both existing population parameters and stimulation to investigate the efficiency of the proposed estimators over the efficiency of the existing estimators. The results revealed that the proposed estimators have minimum MSEs and higher PREs among all the competing estimators. These imply that the proposed estimators are more efficient and can produce better estimate of the population mean compared to other existing estimators considered in the study.
Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment Induced DRESS Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Patil Y. Pratik , Rao I. Satish , Fatima Kulsoom , Junaid Ahmed Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a medical condition that is a severe adverse drug event. Anti-tuberculosis medications may precipitate this condition.
Study Design: Case presentation.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of internal Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital, HYDERABAD,
Methodology: A 73-year-old gentleman had complaints suggestive of left ankle arthritis of 8 months duration and was diagnosed with tuberculous osteomyelitis 6 weeks ago based on positive Gene-Expert® MTB/RIF(mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant rifampicin) and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation on histopathology. He was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment and presented 6 weeks later with high-grade fever, generalized rashes, and itching. Eosinophilia was noted in the complete hemogram and liver enzymes were elevated. Skin biopsy showed SJS (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). He was diagnosed as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. It was most likely caused by Anti-Tuberculosis medications. His tuberculosis medications were modified and steroids were started after which his condition improved.
Discussion: This case presentation depicts, most of the first-line anti-tuberculosis medications can cause DRESS Syndrome. Clinical suspicion and early diagnosis with appropriate tests help to treat this condition early without any significant morbidity and mortality. The causative drug should be withdrawn, Steroids, and Intravenous immunoglobulin-g can be used for the treatment depending on the severity.
Impact of Socio–Economic, Health and Patient Related Factors on Medication Adherence in Patients with Hypertension and Type II Diabetes
Authors: Prasad Meraboina , Kumar Venugopalan Santhosh 
Published: February 2022

Background: Adherence to therapies is a primary determinant for treatment success in chronic diseases. Despite increased awareness, poor adherence to treatments for chronic diseases still remains a global problem. Failure to adherence, seriously affects the patient and the health care system.
Aim: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of drug adherence in patients with hypertension and type II diabetes. A prospective cross sectional study was carried out in tertiary care hospitals of Khammam region, Telangana with a size of 2880 patients. A structured questionnaire has been designed using MMAS 8 scale to determine the compliance level and the socioeconomic status of the objects was analyzed by Kuppuswamy scale.
Results: In our study, the following results were reported, age (P <0.001), gender (P <0.001, OR = 1.954), residence (P <0.0001, OR = 3.102), level of education (P <0.0001), profession (p <0.0001), net monthly income (P <0.001), socio economic class (P <0.001), medication Costs (P <0.001 OR = 0.2346), Health Literacy (P <0.001, OR =0.2051), Social support (P <0.001, OR =3.549, 95% CI=2.701 to 4.649). Frequency of Visits (P <0.001, OR =0.09421), No of medications (P <0.001, OR =0.2506), Complexity (P <0.001, OR =0.1862), Self-Monitoring (P <0.001, OR = 0.1011), felt worse (p<0.0001,OR=0.1591).
Conclusion: Our results showed that demographic variables, socio economic factors, health care factors had direct influence on medication adherence. Illiterates, lower-economy patients have not followed the recommendations of health care providers who insist on the need to increase drug adherence in primary care. Our findings call for the need to design new interventions on multidimensional factors likely to interfere with this study, such as patient knowledge and information to improve compliance.
Understand COVID-19 through Heavy Metals Pollution
Authors: Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed , Al-Qahtni Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

The quick spread of COVID-19 crisis and fast emergence of new variants of it , dissimilar clinical forms from silent to exaggerated ones , misunderstanding of etiologies , mode of transmission, variable effectiveness and side effects of vaccines and absence of comprehensive and efficient treatment protocols , heavy spread in certain continents and on less in others a lot of questions arise from the variables mentioned above need answer. In this review I introduced my hypothesis about origin of COVID-19 , its later variants and the main mode of transmission of the virus, the role of mutagenic heavy metals in emergence and the rising of the pandemic and explained the relationship between COVID-19 and malaria. Scattered information used to compose it. Experimental studies are required to test it.
A Multifaceted Investigation into the Menace of Teenage Pregnancies in a Rural Ghanaian Community
Authors: Botchwey Charles Owusu-Aduomi , Boateng Agartha Afful , Adjei Emmanuella Adjeiwaa , Acquah Francis , Opoku Richmond , Baidoo Michael Afari 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Babies should be born to developed and well-adjusted parents in safe relationships and with the means to support and care for them. This will enable them to have a conducive atmosphere for their proper growth and development. Such a conducive atmosphere is usually not available for babies born to teenagers in rural Ghana.
Aim: The research sought to investigate several aspects of the incidence of teenage pregnancies in Penkye community, a rural community in the Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from sixty (60) respondents through a purposive sampling technique. Data were analysed with the aid of SPSS version 19 and presented quantitatively.
Results: The study found that teenage pregnancies were high among teenagers between the ages of 17 and 19. The study also identified that all the teenagers knew of contraceptives but only a few used contraceptives. Peer influence, broken homes, and poverty were identified as the main factors contributing to the incidence of teenage pregnancies in the study area.
Conclusion: Teenage pregnancies have adverse effects on the physical, social, mental health and socio-economic status of the mother, the new-born and the community at large. Therefore, it is necessary to put in measures to reduce the occurrence of teenage pregnancies in the society.
Recommendations: Based on findings of the study, there is the need for government through the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education to incorporate adolescent health programmes in the school curriculum to empower teenagers to make better life choices and develop social support systems to assist teenage mothers.
Temporary employment and suicidal ideation in COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A cross-sectional nationwide survey
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Tabuchi Takahiro , Okubo Ryo , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Kataoka Mayumi , Nishi Daisuke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Association between employment contract (temporary vs. permanent) and suicidal ideation (persistent suicidal ideation [i.e., with onset before COVID-19] or newly developed under COVID-19 pandemic) was examined using a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Japan.

Methods
An Internet survey was conducted from August to September 2020. The participants’ inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: (i) 20–65 years old, (ii) employees (excluding self-employed, students, retired, housewives, and unemployed). The associations of suicidal ideation with the employees’ factors were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression model, adjusting for covariates (sex, age, marital status, education, company size, industries, and a history of psychiatric disease).

Results
Of total 12 249 participants, 72.4% were permanent and 27.6% were temporary employees. The prevalence was 8.5% for persistent suicidal ideation and 3.2% for newly developed suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporary employment was significantly associated with persistent suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.36 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.16–1.59]; P &lt; .001), but not associated with newly developed suicidal ideation (aOR = 1.10 [0.85–1.42]; P = .457) after adjusting the covariates. Sensitivity analysis showed temporary employment was significantly associated with persistent suicidal ideation only in women. Newly developed suicidal ideation was significantly higher among participants of a young age, employees in drinking/eating/hotel business industry, and those having a history of psychiatric disease than among the counterparts.

Conclusions
Working on a temporary employment contract was associated with persistent suicidal ideation under conditions of COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan. However, the result showed no significant difference in newly developed suicidal ideation. Further longitudinal study will be needed to examine the risk of being employed on an unstable occupational contract in the prolonged pandemic.
Harnessing Adsorption–Catalysis Synergy: Efficient Oxidative Removal of Gaseous Formaldehyde by a Manganese Dioxide/Metal–Organic Framework Nanocomposite at Room Temperature
Authors: Vikrant Kumar , Kim Ki‐Hyun , He Chaozheng , Giannakoudakis Dimitrios A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe potential utility of a transition metal oxide/metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite has been explored using manganese dioxide (MnO2)/Universitetet i Oslo (UiO)‐66‐amine (NH2 (prototypical zirconium (Zr) MOF)) to develop an efficient adsorption–catalysis system for the removal of formaldehyde (FA) from the air. The room‐temperature FA (100 ppm) conversion (XFA (%)), when tested using five different MnO2 (wt%) loadings in the nanocomposite, is estimated as: 1% MnO2 (88%) > 2% MnO2 (86%) > 4% MnO2 (84%) > 6% MnO2 (75%) > 20% MnO2 (47%). The FA removal performance is lowered as the active catalytic sites are covered with the increases in the MnO2 loading (e.g., >1 wt%). The FA and molecular oxygen species preferably adsorb (and activate) onto the Zr atoms attached to the NH2 groups. The oxidation of FA into carbon dioxide proceeds subsequently through the formation of intermediates (e.g., dioxymethylene and formate). The MnO2 nanoclusters act as secondary reactive adsorption sites to boost the capture, activation, and oxidation of the FA molecules at the Zr active centers. Accordingly, the MnO2/UiO‐66‐NH2 nanocomposite is demonstrated to effectively harness the adsorption–catalysis synergy for highly efficient removal of FA relative to other well‐known catalysts (e.g., platinum and metal oxide‐based nanomaterials).
Balloon Inspired Conductive Hydrogel Strain Sensor for Reducing Radiation Damage in Peritumoral Organs During Brachytherapy
Authors: Guan Lin , Liu Hou , Ren Xiaojun , Wang Tiejun , Zhu Weihang , Zhao Yue , Feng Yubin , Shen Chun , Zvyagin Andrei V. , Fang Linan , Yang Bai , Lin Quan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConductive hydrogels have recently gained impressive attention in biological medicine and intelligent electronics. Despite the multifunctions demonstrated by existing conductive hydrogels, it is still a challenge to introduce a hydrogel to adjust the distance between the peritumoral organs and the tumor, reducing the radiation damage to the peritumoral organs. Here, a hydrophobic associating hydrogel with multiple desirable features is fabricated based on diverse supramolecular assembly. The introduction of MXene and hydrolyzed keratin (HK) imparts the hydrogel with excellent conductivity, ultra‐stretchability (>2000%), and good self‐adhesion. Moreover, the hydrogel is utilized as an intelligent sensor intended for monitoring various human movements and physiological signals, demonstrating a wide strain window, the rapid response time (130 ms), and outstanding strain sensitivity (GF = 10.22). Inspired by balloon inflation, the hydrogel is designed to separate the tumor from the peritumoral organs in brachytherapy. It plays a role in reducing the radiation dose and damage to the peritumoral organs. The authors also simulate the attenuation process of the radiation signal according to the change of the hydrogel size and develop a smartphone application (app) to monitor the safety range of the different radiation risks, manifesting its great potential in soft intelligent sensors.
Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu‐Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4
Authors: Zhou Yunjie , Qi Huihui , Wu Jie , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to valuable products, especially for ethylene (C2H4), is an urgent challenge in material science and catalysis. Cu‐based materials are the most promising catalysts to realize C2 products from CO2 reduction, while, they often suffer from the poor selectivity and efficiency. Here, it is shown that –NH2‐modified carbon dots (NCDs) can regulate the electron transfer behavior on Cu/CuO catalyst, and then enhance the CO2 conversion selectivity to C2H4. The selectivity of C2H4 (in carbon products) on NCDs/Cu/CuO composites is increased by 1.2 times when compared with that of Cu/CuO catalysts. NCDs increase the adsorption capacity of catalysts to CO2 by 18.2%. Transient photo‐induced voltage (TPV) tests are used to reveal the effect of NCDs on electron transfer behavior at the catalyst interface. On one hand, NCDs reduce the electron transfer resistance between Cu/CuO particles, increasing the overall electron transfer rate by 37%; on the other hand, NCDs with electron sink effect can increase the electron concentration on catalyst surface significantly. These effects significantly promote the CC coupling reactions over NCDs/Cu/CuO composite catalysts. This work provides a new understanding and approach to address the challenges of improving electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to multi‐carbon products.
Theoretical Prediction and Thermal Transport Properties of Novel Monolayer TlPt2Se3
Authors: Nair Surabhi Suresh , Sajjad Muhammad , Singh Nirpendra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe theoretical prediction, electronic properties, and thermal transport properties of novel monolayer TlPt2Se3 are investigated using the first‐principles calculations and semi‐classical Boltzmann transport theory. The calculated phonon band structure and exfoliation energy confirm that monolayer TlPt2Se3 is a stable material and can be exfoliated from its bulk counterpart. The exfoliation energy of the monolayer turns out to be 37 meV Å−2, comparable with the exfoliation energy of monolayer PdSe2. The HSE06 indirect bandgap of monolayer (bulk) TlPt2Se3 amounts to 1.18 eV (0.63 eV). The relaxation time is calculated considering three types of scattering mechanisms. The monolayer outperforms the bulk counterpart in the Seebeck coefficient and power factor for both p‐type and n‐type dopings. Monolayer TlPt2Se3 shows a high p‐type Seebeck coefficient of 211 µV K−1 compared to the n‐type Seebeck coefficient of 103 µV K−1 at maximum considered temperature (600 K) and a carrier concentration (1020 cm−3). The calculated lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer TlPt2Se3 is 1.92 W m−1 K−1 at 600 K which is lower than the monolayer PtSe2 and MoSe2. The p‐type figure of merit of 0.64 (at 600 K) affirms that the monolayer TlPt2Se3 is an excellent thermoelectric material.
Smart Contact Lens with Dual‐Sensing Platform for Monitoring Intraocular Pressure and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9
Authors: Ye Ying , Ge Yuancai , Zhang Qingwen , Yuan Meiling , Cai Yu , Li Kang , Li Yang , Xie Ruifeng , Xu Changshun , Jiang Danfeng , Qu Jia , Liu Xiaohu , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContact lenses have become a popular health‐monitoring wearable device due to their direct contact with the eyes. By integrating biosensors into contact lenses, real‐time and noninvasive diagnoses of various diseases can be realized. However, current contact lens sensors often require complex electronics, which may obstruct the user's vision or even damage the cornea. Moreover, most of the reported contact lens sensors can only detect one analyte. Therefore, an optical‐based dual‐functional smart contact lens sensor has been introduced to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP) and detect matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), both of which are key biomarkers in many eye‐related diseases such as glaucoma. Specifically, the elevated IOP is continuously monitored by applying an antiopal structure through color changes, without any complex electronics. Together with the peptide modified gold nanobowls (AuNBs) surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, the quantitative analysis of MMP‐9 at a low nanomolar range is achieved in real tear samples. The dual‐sensing functions are thus demonstrated, providing a convenient, noninvasive, and potentially multifunctional sensing platform for monitoring health and diagnostic biomarkers in human tears.