bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought attenuates plant defence against bacterial pathogens by suppressing the expression of CBP60g/SARD1 during combined stress
Authors: Choudhary Aanchal , Senthil‐Kumar Muthappa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn nature, plants are frequently exposed to drought and bacterial pathogens simultaneously. However, information on how the drought and defence pathways interact and orchestrate global transcriptional regulation is limited. Here, we show that moderate drought stress enhances the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Using transcriptome meta‐analysis, we found that drought and bacterial stress antagonistically modulate a large set of genes predominantly involved in salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling networks. We identified that the levels of SA and ABA are dynamically regulated during the course of stress. Importantly, under combined stress, drought through the ABA pathway downregulates the induction of Calmodulin‐binding Protein 60 g (CBP60g) and Systemic Acquired Resistance Deficient 1 (SARD1), two transcription factors crucial for SA production upon bacterial infection. We also identified an important role of NPR1‐LIKE PROTEIN 3 and 4 (NPR3/4) transcriptional repressors in the drought‐mediated negative regulation of CBP60g/SARD1 expression. Using a genetic approach, we show that CBP60g/SARD1 expression is the key determinant of plant defence against bacterial pathogens under combined stress. Thus, these transcription factors act as critical nodes for the crosstalk between drought and bacterial stress signalling under combined stress in plants.
Peritoneal dialysis for term neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Akbalık Kara Mehtap , Pınarbaşı Ayşe Seda , Çelik Muhittin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the indications, complications, and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in term neonates from a state hospital.MethodsThe demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 67 newborn term infants who underwent PD within the first 4 weeks of life between June 2014 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (37.3%) were male, 42 (63.7%) were female. The mean gestational age was 38.3 ± 0.8 (range: 37–40) weeks and mean birthweight 3,100 ± 504.9 g (range: 1,800–5,000 g). The mean age of patients at the start of dialysis was 7.97 ± 8.34 days (range:1–44 days) and the mean duration for dialysis was 3 ± 5.42 days (range 1–40 days). The majority of patients who underwent PD had inborn error of metabolism (59.7%). The most common complication was dialysate leakage. Thirty‐three neonates (49.2%) died during PD process because of underlying disease, 17 patients (25.4%) were referred to other centers, and 17 patients (25.4%) were discharged. There were seven acute kidney injury patients associated with hypernatremic dehydration. There were statistically significant differences between non‐survivors and survivors in terms of dialysis duration, birthweight, weight at admission, requirements for mechanical ventilation, and inotrop agent, and also the renal angina index.ConclusionsIn our region, hypernatremic dehydration is still a one of the major cause for acute kidney injury (AKI) in newborns. In state hospitals, pediatric specialists must be present in neonatal intensive care units in order not to refer unstable patients to other centers and to provide high‐quality patient care.
Theorizing social change
Authors: Zheng Robin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article I argue that social change deserves to be recognized as an area of philosophical study in its own right. I provide a non‐exhaustive overview of existing philosophical work that addresses the problem of social change, alongside a preliminary framework elucidating some key concepts and distinctions for conceptualizing transformative social change. More specifically, I sketch out two broadly opposed approaches to social change — “liberal” versus radical — in order to excavate some assumptions underlying extant philosophical literatures (and popular thinking) about change. I then briefly outline some other fundamental problems common to all processes of social change.
Photodynamic Therapy‐Induced Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression in Tumor‐Draining Lymph Nodes Regulates B‐Cell Expression of Interleukin 17 and Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: Falk‐Mahapatra Riddhi , Gollnick Sandra O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective anticancer modality approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Antitumor immunity can be augmented during PDT by inducing sterile inflammation in an acute manner, and this process is characterized by interleukin 17 (IL‐17)‐mediated neutrophil infiltration to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). However, the inflammatory factors that influence IL‐17 expression in TDLNs are poorly understood. Prior studies have linked the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)‐driven prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway to IL‐17 expression. Here, we report that an immune‐activating PDT regimen (imPDT) induces COX2/PGE2 expression in TDLNs, whereby IL‐17 expression is facilitated without corresponding effects on the expression of RORγt, the transcriptional driver of the canonical IL‐17 pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition with NS398, a COX2 inhibitor, was utilized to demonstrate that imPDT‐induced COX2 regulates RORγt‐independent expression of IL‐17 by B cells and neutrophil entry into TDLNs. Depletion of B cells prior to imPDT significantly reduced neutrophil entry into TDLNs following treatment, and diminishes the efficacy of imPDT, which is dependent upon antitumor immunity. These findings are suggestive of a novel role for B cells in the augmentation of antitumor immunity by imPDT.
NTRK gene fusions are detected in both secretory and non‐secretory breast cancers
Authors: Maund Sophia L. , Sokol Ethan S. , Ang Houle Armande , Ross Jeffrey S. , Wilson Timothy R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNTRK fusions represent a new biomarker‐defined population that can be treated with TRK inhibitors. Although rare, NTRK fusions are detected across a wide range of solid tumors. Previous reports suggest that NTRK fusions are limited to the secretory subtype of breast cancer. Here we examined NTRK fusions in a large real world next‐generation sequencing (NGS) dataset and confirmed secretory versus non‐secretory status using H&E images. Of 23 NTRK fusion‐positive cases, 11 were classified as secretory, 11 as non‐secretory, and one as mixed status. The secretory subtype trended younger, was predominantly estrogen receptor (ER)–, had lower tumor mutational burden, and exhibited lower levels of genomic loss of heterozygosity. The non‐secretory subtype was enriched for TP53 mutations. The secretory subtype was enriched for ETV6‐NTRK3 fusions in 7 of 11 cases, and the non‐secretory subtype had NTRK1 fusions in 7 of 11 cases, each with a different fusion partner. Our data suggests NTRK fusions are present in both secretory and non‐secretory subtypes, and that comprehensive genomic profiling should be considered across all clinically advanced breast cancers to identify patients that could receive benefit from TRK inhibitors.
Surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs draped with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal extremity drape for stifle surgery
Authors: Morgera Alison E. , Hoelzler Michael G. , Scavelli Thomas D. , Hackett Amy L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the incidence of surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery of the stifle after draping with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal patient drape or conventional double‐layer drapes.Study designProspective clinical trial.Sample populationA total of 789 dogs.MethodsDogs were assigned to one of two groups: (1) conventional draping with 4‐corner drapes and an overlying patient drape (n = 390) or (2) a Kraton seal extremity patient drape without 4‐corner drapes (n = 399). All dogs were evaluated for surgical site infection‐inflammation by 21 days and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsThe distribution of surgical procedures did not differ between draping techniques and included tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA,n = 480), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO,n = 10), extracapsular lateral suture (ECLS,n = 130), medial patellar luxation repair (MPL,n = 63), lateral patellar luxation repair (LPL,n = 1), ECLS/MPL (n = 68), TTA/MPL (n = 12), TTA with joint capsule biopsy (n = 1), and stifle arthroscopy combined with TTA or TPLO (n = 24). Duration of follow up was 180 days (range 3‐180 days) for clinical examinations and 182 days (range 2‐182 days) for phone communications.Infection‐inflammation was documented in 9 dogs after double‐layer draping and 11 dogs after single‐layer draping at 21 days postoperatively and in 12 dogs after double‐layer draping and 7 dogs after single‐layer draping at 6 months postoperatively.ConclusionNo difference in postoperative infection‐inflammation was detected between canine stifle surgeries draped with a single‐layer Kraton extremity patient drape or double‐layer drapes.Clinical significanceThe single‐layer Kraton extremity patient drape is a viable alternative to conventional double‐layer draping in canine stifle surgery.
Best practice guidance and reporting items for the development of scoping review protocols
Authors: Peters Micah D.J. , Godfrey Christina , McInerney Patricia , Khalil Hanan , Larsen Palle , Marnie Casey , Pollock Danielle , Tricco Andrea C. , Munn Zachary 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to clearly describe how to develop a robust and detailed scoping review protocol, which is the first stage of the scoping review process. This paper provides detailed guidance and a checklist for prospective authors to ensure that their protocols adequately inform both the conduct of the ensuing review and their readership.

Introduction:
Scoping reviews are a common approach to evidence synthesis for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers across a variety of fields. Scoping reviews are not concerned with making analytical comparisons based on pooling results data from multiple primary sources of evidence, but rather on collating and describing the evidence and presenting the summation in a clearly illustrated format. Methods for undertaking and reporting scoping reviews continue to be refined. Some prospective reviewers may be uncertain how to plan, structure, and report scoping review protocols, as there is little or no specific guidance for scoping review protocols yet available.

Methods:
This guidance was developed by members of the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group based on previous experience and expertise in developing scoping review and evidence synthesis methodologies, protocols, and reviews, as well as through experiences working with and guiding authors to develop scoping review protocols. Elements of a comprehensive scoping review protocol are outlined and explained in detail.

Conclusion:
Knowledge users of evidence syntheses rely on clear and transparent reporting to understand and use the results of published work to drive evidence-based improvements within health care and beyond. It is hoped that readers will be able to use this guidance when developing protocols to assist them in planning future scoping reviews and to carry them out with a high degree of transparency.
Efficacy of acupuncture treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Qianhua , Zheng Hui , Zhou Siyuan , Shi Yunzhou , Zhang Leixiao , Xiao Xianjun , Zhang Wei , Zhou Li , Huang Ying , Chen Mingling , Zhong Feng , Wang Chuan , Li Ying 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a troublesome dermatological problem that can have a significant impact on quality of life. Previous studies have indicated that acupuncture may be beneficial for patients with CSU. However, well-designed studies determine the effects of acupuncture on CSU are rare. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for patients with CSU.Methods and analysisThis study is designed as a multicentre, parallel, three-arm, randomised, sham-controlled trial. A total of 330 patients diagnosed as CSU will be randomly allocated into three groups: the verum acupuncture group, the sham acupuncture group and the waiting-list control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. Patients in the verum and sham acupuncture groups will receive 16 treatment sessions over 4 weeks, while patients in the waiting-list control group will not receive any acupuncture treatment. The primary outcome is the changes of weekly urticaria activity scores at the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes include itching severity measurement, Dermatology Life Quality Index, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and serum total IgE level. Adverse events will be recorded during the study observation period. All patients who are randomised in this study will be included in the intention-to-treat analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval of this study has been granted by the Sichuan Regional Ethics Review of Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (ID: 2019 kl-006), the Medical Ethic Committee of the First Hospital of Wuhan (ID: (2019) number 7)) and the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Hunan University of TCM (ID: HN-LLKY-2019-017-01/03) in three clinical centres in China, respectively. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900022994.
Investigating the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: design and validation protocol of the Hypo-METRICS application
Authors: Søholm Uffe , Broadley Melanie , Zaremba Natalie , Divilly Patrick , Nefs Giesje , Mahmoudi Zeinab , de Galan Bastiaan , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Brennan Alan , Pollard Daniel John , McCrimmon Rory J , A. Amiel Stephanie , Hendrieckx Christel , Speight Jane , Choudhary Pratik , Pouwer Frans 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHypoglycaemia is a frequent adverse event and major barrier for achieving optimal blood glucose levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Hypo-RESOLVE (Hypoglycaemia—Redefining SOLutions for better liVEs) consortium aims to further our understanding of the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia. The Hypo-METRICS (Hypoglycaemia—MEasurement, ThResholds and ImpaCtS) application (app) is a novel app for smartphones. This app is developed as part of the Hypo-RESOLVE project, using ecological momentary assessment methods that will minimise recall bias and allow for robust investigation of the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia. In this paper, the development and planned psychometric analyses of the app are described.Methods and analysisThe three phases of development of the Hypo-METRICS app are: (1) establish a working group—comprising diabetologists, psychologists and people with diabetes—to define the problem and identify relevant areas of daily functioning; (2) develop app items, with user-testing, and implement into the app platform; and (3) plan a large-scale, multicountry study including interviews with users and psychometric validation. The app includes 7 modules (29 unique items) assessing: self-report of hypoglycaemic episodes (during the day and night, respectively), sleep quality, well-being/cognitive function, social interactions, fear of hypoglycaemia/hyperglycaemia and work/productivity. The app is designed for use within three fixed time intervals per day (morning, afternoon and evening). The first version was released mid-2020 for use (in conjunction with continuous glucose monitoring and activity tracking) in the Hypo-METRICS study; an international observational longitudinal study. As part of this study, semistructured user-experience interviews and psychometric analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationUse of the novel Hypo-METRICS app in a multicountry clinical study has received ethical approval in each of the five countries involved (Oxford B Research Ethics Committee, CMO Region Arnhem-Nijmegen, Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Universität Graz, Videnskabsetisk Komite for Region Hovedstaden and the Comite Die Protection Des Personnes SUD Mediterranne IV). The results from the study will be published in peer review journals and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04304963.
Effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers: a systematic review
Authors: Tersa-Miralles Carlos , Bravo Cristina , Bellon Filip , Pastells-Peiró Roland , Rubinat Arnaldo Esther , Rubí-Carnacea Francesc 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.DesignSystematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesThe bibliographical databases PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, Scopus, ISI WoS and PeDRO were searched, with studies from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020 eligible for inclusion.Eligibility criteriaWe included RCTs, reported in English or Spanish, with at least an intervention group performing workplace exercises among office workers with musculoskeletal disorders.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was carried out with a tabular method specifying the study characteristics following the SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis) guideline for synthesis without meta-analysis. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB-2) tool was used to analyse the risk of bias of the included studies.ResultsSeven studies with a total of 967 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Due to heterogeneity in different workplace exercise interventions, outcome measures and statistical analyses, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis was performed. The interventions were classified into three categories: multiple body regions, neck and shoulder, and lower back. The seven studies concluded that workplace exercise interventions were effective in reducing musculoskeletal disorders and pain compared with other types of interventions or with control groups with no interventions. The RoB-2 tool found a high risk of bias in six of the seven studies.ConclusionsThe findings of the RCTs on workplace exercise interventions suggest that interventions were effective in treating musculoskeletal disorders among office workers. However, due to the high risk of bias of the included studies, no firm conclusions could be drawn and more high-quality studies are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177462.
General practitioners’ attitudes towards opioids for non-cancer pain: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Punwasi Rani , de Kleijn L , Rijkels-Otters J B M , Veen M , Chiarotto Alessandro , Koes Bart 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesWorldwide the use of opioids, both doctor-prescribed and illicit, has increased. In most countries, opioids are first prescribed by general practitioners (GPs). Identifying factors that influence GPs’ opioid prescription decision-making may help reduce opioid misuse and overuse. We performed a systematic review to gain insight into GP attitudes towards opioid prescription and to identify possible solutions to promote changes in the field of primary care.Design and settingSystematic review of qualitative studies reporting GPs’ attitudes towards opioid use in non-cancer pain management.MethodsWe searched Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane, PsychInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers selected studies based on prespecified eligibility criteria. Study quality was evaluated with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, and their results were analysed using thematic analysis. Quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation—Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach.ResultsWe included 14 studies. Four themes were established using thematic analyses: (1) GPs caught in the middle of ‘the opioid crisis’; (2) Are opioids always bad? (3) GPs’ weighing scale, taking patient-related and therapeutic relationship-related factors into account; and (4) GPs’ sense of powerlessness—lack of alternatives, support by specialists and lack of time in justifying non-prescriptions.ConclusionGP attitudes towards opioid prescribing for non-cancer pain are subject to several GP-related, patient-related and therapeutic relationship-related factors. Raising GP and patient awareness on the inefficacy of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain management and providing non-opioid alternatives to treat chronic pain might help to promote opioid reduction in primary care. More research is needed to develop practical guidelines on appropriate opioid prescribing, tapering off opioid use and adopting effective communication strategies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020194561.Cite Now
Weight change after antiretroviral therapy initiation among adults living with HIV in Northwest Ethiopia: a longitudinal data analysis
Authors: Alebel Animut , Demant Daniel , Petrucka Pammla Margaret , Sibbritt David 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe first objective was to explore weight change in the first 2 years after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in adults living with HIV. The second objective was to identify the predictors of weight change over time among adults living with HIV on ART.DesignAn institution-based retrospective longitudinal study was conducted.SettingThe study was conducted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study included 848 randomly selected medical charts of adults living with HIV receiving ART between June 2014 and June 2020.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was weight change in the first 2 years after ART initiation. The secondary outcome was to identify predictors of weight change. Association between predictor variables and weight change was assessed using an LMM. Variables with p values <0.05 in the final model were considered as statistically significant predictors of weight change.ResultsOf 848 study participants, more than half (n=499; 58.8%) were female. Participants’ mean weight increased from 54.2 kg (SD ±9.6 kg) at baseline to 59.5 kg (SD ±10.7 kg) at the end of follow-up. Duration of time on ART, sex, WHO clinical disease staging, functional status, nutritional status and presence of opportunistic infections were significant predictors of weight change at ART initiation. Significant interaction effects were observed between time and sex, WHO clinical disease staging, functional status, isoniazid preventive therapy and nutritional status.ConclusionWe found a linear increment of weight over 24 months of follow-up. Rate of weight gain over time was lower in patients with advanced disease stage and working functional status, whereas weight gain rate was higher in male and underweight patients.