bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-Neoproterozoic magmatism in the South Qilian Belt, NE Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications
Authors: Qin Yu , Zhang Xiaoli , Feng Qiao , Zhang Xi , Liu Yun , Kang Yu , Chen Yan , Chu Pengju , Yang Yuexiang , Tian Lingchuan , Li Longxue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWidely distributed Mid-Neoproterozoic mafic rocks of the Qilian – Qaidam – East Kunlun region record the tectonic evolution of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. This study presents whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes for the Xialanuoer gabbros of the central South Qilian Belt (SQB). Zircon laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb dating indicates that the gabbros were emplaced at ca. 738 Ma, indicating they are contemporaneous with mafic magmatism elsewhere in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The gabbros have low SiO2, Cr and Ni contents and Mg# values, are relatively enriched in light rare-earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs; e.g. Nb and Ta), have no positive Zr or Hf anomalies and have relatively high Nb/Ta but low Nb/La ratios. These data indicate that the Xialanuoer gabbros formed from calc-alkaline basaltic magmas that were originally generated by the partial melting of an enriched mantle of type-I (EMI-type) enriched region of the lithospheric mantle, underwent little to no crustal contamination prior to their emplacement, and have within-plate basalt geochemical affinities. Combining these data with the presence of widespread contemporaneous continental rift-related magmatism and sedimentation in the North Qilian, Central Qilian, South Qilian, Quanji, North Qaidam and East Kunlun regions suggests that the northeastern Tibetan Plateau underwent Mid-Neoproterozoic continental rifting, which also affected other Rodinian blocks (e.g. Tarim, South China, Australia, North America and Southern Africa).
Commemorative contention: The Taipei National Revolutionary Martyrs’ Shrine and the politics of death
Authors: Vu Linh D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the Taipei National Revolutionary Martyrs’ Shrine (Guomin geming zhonglie ci) as a site of contention over national sovereignty and belonging. The shrine originated in Sun Yat-sen's aspiration to commemorate the anti-imperial martyrs of the 1911 Republic and in the Nationalist government's attempt to marshal political allegiance in the 1920s–1940s. Upon fleeing from the mainland to Taiwan after losing to the Communist forces in 1949, the Nationalist leadership renovated the Japanese-built National Protection Shrine in Taipei, transforming it into the National Revolutionary Martyrs’ Shrine to house the displaced spirits of the national dead. Throughout the Cold War era, the spring and autumn sacrifices performed by heads of state and visits to the shrine by foreign dignities served to affirm the sovereignty of the Republic of China vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China. Even though the end of martial law in 1987 opened a new era marked by the Nationalist Party's loss of political hegemony, the shrine continued to adhere to the Nationalist Party's ideology and version of history. Far from embodying a place of remembrance and mourning for war victims, the palace-style compound is a site of contested sovereignty exaggerated by China's extraordinary growth and Taiwan's transforming identity. The enshrined dead have found a new role as both an assertion of the island's autonomy and a reflection of its dynamism. The departed, albeit silent, hold power in the malleability of their memories, and each permutation of how the past is remembered hosts its own tension.
Pandemic Stories: The Voices of Older Adults
Authors: Hayden Leigh , Warren-Norton Kathryn , Chaze Ferzana , Roberts Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo document the reactions and experiences of older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have conducted a qualitative study of 25 older adults (50 years of age and older) throughout the pandemic, using serial interviewing methods. This analysis reports on the data collected from the first two rounds of interviews – one conducted in the summer of 2020 and one conducted in the fall of 2020. Our thematic analysis found eight major themes: thoughts on the dangers of the pandemic, how the virus has changed daily life (including social life), health care during COVID (being a caregiver, losing a loved one, seeking health care), missing spontaneity and dealing with existential dread, the growing frustration, seeking connection through civic participation, adaptation and resilience, and the social ills that the pandemic has revealed. These stories describe both loneliness and connection, hope coupled with disappointment, but overwhelmingly, an insight into what the pandemic has shown us about the social ills that it has revealed.
Contrast Mechanisms in Secondary Electron e-Beam-Induced Current (SEEBIC) Imaging
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Swett Jacob L , Evangeli Charalambos , Lupini Andrew R , Mol Jan , Jesse Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over the last few years, a new mode for imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has gained attention as it permits the direct visualization of sample conductivity and electrical connectivity. When the electron beam (e-beam) is focused on the sample in the STEM, secondary electrons (SEs) are generated. If the sample is conductive and electrically connected to an amplifier, the SE current can be measured as a function of the e-beam position. This scenario is similar to the better-known scanning electron microscopy-based technique, electron beam-induced current imaging, except that the signal in the STEM is generated by the emission of SEs, hence the name secondary electron e-beam-induced current (SEEBIC), and in this case, the current flows in the opposite direction. Here, we provide a brief review of recent work in this area, examine the various contrast generation mechanisms associated with SEEBIC, and illustrate its use for the characterization of graphene nanoribbon devices.
Development of the Real‐Time 30‐s‐Update Big Data Assimilation System for Convective Rainfall Prediction With a Phased Array Weather Radar: Description and Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Honda T. , Amemiya A. , Otsuka S. , Lien G.‐Y. , Taylor J. , Maejima Y. , Nishizawa S. , Yamaura T. , Sueki K. , Tomita H. , Satoh S. , Ishikawa Y. , Miyoshi T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present the first ever real‐time numerical weather prediction system with 30‐s update cycles at a 500‐m grid spacing for the prediction of convective precipitation in the subsequent 30 min using a new‐generation multi‐parameter phased array weather radar. The system comprises a regional atmospheric model known as the SCALE and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). To accelerate the SCALE‐LETKF system, data transfer between the two aforementioned components is performed using a memory copy instead of a file I/O. A complete real‐time workflow including domain nesting and observational data transfer is constructed. A real‐time test in July and August 2020 showed that the system is fast enough for a real‐time application of 30‐s forecast‐analysis cycles and 30‐min prediction. The development includes a new thinning method considering the spatially correlated observation errors in the dense radar data. This new thinning method is effective in two past case studies in the summer of 2019.
Halogen-doped phosphorescent carbon dots for grayscale patterning
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Al-salihi Mahmoud , Guo Yong , Ziniuk Roman , Cai Songtao , Wang Luwei , Li Yuan , Yang Zhigang , Peng Dengfeng , Xi Kai , An Zhongfu , Jia Xudong , Liu Liwei , Yan Wei , Qu Junle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexible organic materials that exhibit dynamic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (DURTP) via photoactivation have attracted increasing research interest for their fascinating functions of reversibly writing-reading-erasing graphic information in the form of a long afterglow. However, due to the existence of a nonnegligible activation threshold for the initial exposure dose, the display mode of these materials has thus far been limited to binary patterns. By resorting to halogen element doping of carbon dots (CDs) to enhance intersystem crossing and reduce the activation threshold, we were able to produce, for the first time, a transparent, flexible, and fully programmable DURTP composite film with a reliable grayscale display capacity. Examples of promising applications in UV photography and highly confidential steganography were constructed, partially demonstrating the broad future applications of this material as a programmable platform with a high optical information density.
Clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia treated with gilteritinib who received prior midostaurin or sorafenib
Authors: Perl Alexander E. , Hosono Naoko , Montesinos Pau , Podoltsev Nikolai , Martinelli Giovanni , Panoskaltsis Nicki , Recher Christian , Smith Catherine C. , Levis Mark J. , Strickland Stephen , Röllig Christoph , Groß-Langenhoff Marco , Chou Wen-Chien , Lee Je-Hwan , Yokoyama Hisayuki , Hasabou Nahla , Lu Qiaoyang , Tiu Ramon V. , Altman Jessica K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor gilteritinib is indicated for relapsed or refractory (R/R) FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), based on its observed superior response and survival outcomes compared with salvage chemotherapy (SC). Frontline use of FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) midostaurin and sorafenib may contribute to cross-resistance to single-agent gilteritinib in the R/R AML setting but has not been well characterized. To clarify the potential clinical impact of prior TKI use, we retrospectively compared clinical outcomes in patients with R/R FLT3-mutated AML in the CHRYSALIS and ADMIRAL trials who received prior midostaurin or sorafenib against those without prior FLT3 TKI exposure. Similarly high rates of composite complete remission (CRc) were observed in patients who received a FLT3 TKI before gilteritinib (CHRYSALIS, 42%; ADMIRAL, 52%) and those without prior FLT3 TKI therapy (CHRYSALIS, 43%; ADMIRAL, 55%). Among patients who received a prior FLT3 TKI in ADMIRAL, a higher CRc rate (52%) and trend toward longer median overall survival was observed in the gilteritinib arm versus the SC arm (CRc = 20%; overall survival, 5.1 months; HR = 0.602; 95% CI: 0.299, 1.210). Remission duration was shorter with prior FLT3 TKI exposure. These findings support gilteritinib for FLT3-mutated R/R AML after prior sorafenib or midostaurin.
A cancer-associated RNA polymerase III identity drives robust transcription and expression of snaR-A noncoding RNA
Authors: Van Bortle Kevin , Marciano David P. , Liu Qing , Chou Tristan , Lipchik Andrew M. , Gollapudi Sanjay , Geller Benjamin S. , Monte Emma , Kamakaka Rohinton T. , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRNA polymerase III (Pol III) includes two alternate isoforms, defined by mutually exclusive incorporation of subunit POLR3G (RPC7α) or POLR3GL (RPC7β), in mammals. The contributions of POLR3G and POLR3GL to transcription potential has remained poorly defined. Here, we discover that loss of subunit POLR3G is accompanied by a restricted repertoire of genes transcribed by Pol III. Particularly sensitive is snaR-A, a small noncoding RNA implicated in cancer proliferation and metastasis. Analysis of Pol III isoform biases and downstream chromatin features identifies loss of POLR3G and snaR-A during differentiation, and conversely, re-establishment of POLR3G gene expression and SNAR-A gene features in cancer contexts. Our results support a model in which Pol III identity functions as an important transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Upregulation of POLR3G, which is driven by MYC, identifies a subgroup of patients with unfavorable survival outcomes in specific cancers, further implicating the POLR3G-enhanced transcription repertoire as a potential disease factor.
CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA activity depends on free energy changes and on the target PAM context
Authors: Corsi Giulia I. , Qu Kunli , Alkan Ferhat , Pan Xiaoguang , Luo Yonglun , Gorodkin Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA major challenge of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering is that not all guide RNAs (gRNAs) cleave the DNA efficiently. Although the heterogeneity of gRNA activity is well recognized, the current understanding of how CRISPR/Cas9 activity is regulated remains incomplete. Here, we identify a sweet spot range of binding free energy change for optimal efficiency which largely explains why gRNAs display changes in efficiency at on- and off-target sites, including why gRNAs can cleave an off-target with higher efficiency than the on-target. Using an energy-based model, we show that local gRNA-DNA interactions resulting from Cas9 “sliding” on overlapping protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) profoundly impact gRNA activities. Combining the effects of local sliding for a given PAM context with global off-targets allows us to better identify highly specific, and thus efficient, gRNAs. We validate the effects of local sliding on gRNA efficiency using both public data and in-house data generated by measuring SpCas9 cleavage efficiency at 1024 sites designed to cover all possible combinations of 4-nt PAM and context sequences of 4 gRNAs. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of Cas9-PAM compatibility and cleavage activation, underlining the importance of accounting for local sliding in gRNA design.
Wireless implantable optical probe for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation in flaps and organ grafts
Authors: Guo Hexia , Bai Wubin , Ouyang Wei , Liu Yihan , Wu Changsheng , Xu Yameng , Weng Yang , Zang Hao , Liu Yiming , Jacobson Lauren , Hu Ziying , Wang Yihang , Arafa Hany M. , Yang Quansan , Lu Di , Li Shuo , Zhang Lin , Xiao Xun , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Ciatti Joanna , Dempsey Elizabeth , Ghoreishi-Haack Nayereh , Waters Emily A. , Haney Chad R. , Westman Amanda M. , MacEwan Matthew R. , Pet Mitchell A. , Rogers John A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinuous, real-time monitoring of perfusion after microsurgical free tissue transfer or solid organ allotransplantation procedures can facilitate early diagnosis of and intervention for anastomotic thrombosis. Current technologies including Doppler systems, cutaneous O2-sensing probes, and fluorine magnetic resonance imaging methods are limited by their intermittent measurements, requirements for skilled personnel, indirect interfaces, and/or their tethered connections. This paper reports a wireless, miniaturized, minimally invasive near-infrared spectroscopic system designed for uninterrupted monitoring of local-tissue oxygenation. A bioresorbable barbed structure anchors the probe stably at implantation sites for a time period matched to the clinical need, with the ability for facile removal afterward. The probe connects to a skin-interfaced electronic module for wireless access to essential physiological parameters, including local tissue oxygenation, pulse oxygenation, and heart rate. In vitro tests and in vivo studies in porcine flap and kidney models demonstrate the ability of the system to continuously measure oxygenation with high accuracy and sensitivity.
Open-source personal pipetting robots with live-cell incubation and microscopy compatibility
Authors: Dettinger Philip , Kull Tobias , Arekatla Geethika , Ahmed Nouraiz , Zhang Yang , Schneiter Florin , Wehling Arne , Schirmacher Daniel , Kawamura Shunsuke , Loeffler Dirk , Schroeder Timm 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiquid handling robots have the potential to automate many procedures in life sciences. However, they are not in widespread use in academic settings, where funding, space and maintenance specialists are usually limiting. In addition, current robots require lengthy programming by specialists and are incompatible with most academic laboratories with constantly changing small-scale projects. Here, we present the Pipetting Helper Imaging Lid (PHIL), an inexpensive, small, open-source personal liquid handling robot. It is designed for inexperienced users, with self-production from cheap commercial and 3D-printable components and custom control software. PHIL successfully automates pipetting (incl. aspiration) for e.g. tissue immunostainings and stimulations of live stem and progenitor cells during time-lapse microscopy using 3D printed peristaltic pumps. PHIL is cheap enough to put a personal pipetting robot within the reach of most labs and enables users without programming skills to easily automate a large range of experiments.
Brightening of a dark monolayer semiconductor via strong light-matter coupling in a cavity
Authors: Shan Hangyong , Iorsh Ivan , Han Bo , Rupprecht Christoph , Knopf Heiko , Eilenberger Falk , Esmann Martin , Yumigeta Kentaro , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Klembt Sebastian , Höfling Sven , Tongay Sefaattin , Antón-Solanas Carlos , Shelykh Ivan A. , Schneider Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEngineering the properties of quantum materials via strong light-matter coupling is a compelling research direction with a multiplicity of modern applications. Those range from modifying charge transport in organic molecules, steering particle correlation and interactions, and even controlling chemical reactions. Here, we study the modification of the material properties via strong coupling and demonstrate an effective inversion of the excitonic band-ordering in a monolayer of WSe2 with spin-forbidden, optically dark ground state. In our experiments, we harness the strong light-matter coupling between cavity photon and the high energy, spin-allowed bright exciton, and thus creating two bright polaritonic modes in the optical bandgap with the lower polariton mode pushed below the WSe2 dark state. We demonstrate that in this regime the commonly observed luminescence quenching stemming from the fast relaxation to the dark ground state is prevented, which results in the brightening of this intrinsically dark material. We probe this effective brightening by temperature-dependent photoluminescence, and we find an excellent agreement with a theoretical model accounting for the inversion of the band ordering and phonon-assisted polariton relaxation.
A lncRNA signature associated with tumor immune heterogeneity predicts distant metastasis in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liang Ye-Lin , Zhang Yuan , Tan Xi-Rong , Qiao Han , Liu Song-Ran , Tang Ling-Long , Mao Yan-Ping , Chen Lei , Li Wen-Fei , Zhou Guan-Qun , Zhao Yin , Li Jun-Yan , Li Qian , Huang Sheng-Yan , Gong Sha , Zheng Zi-Qi , Li Zhi-Xuan , Sun Ying , Jiang Wei , Ma Jun , Li Ying-Qin , Liu Na 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence has revealed the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tumor biomarkers. Here, we introduce an immune-associated nine-lncRNA signature for predicting distant metastasis in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). The nine lncRNAs are identified through microarray profiling, followed by RT–qPCR validation and selection using a machine learning method in the training cohort (n = 177). This nine-lncRNA signature classifies patients into high and low risk groups, which have significantly different distant metastasis-free survival. Validations in the Guangzhou internal (n = 177) and Guilin external (n = 150) cohorts yield similar results, confirming that the signature is an independent risk factor for distant metastasis and outperforms anatomy-based metrics in identifying patients with high metastatic risk. Integrative analyses show that this nine-lncRNA signature correlates with immune activity and lymphocyte infiltration, which is validated by digital pathology. Our results suggest that the immune-associated nine-lncRNA signature can serve as a promising biomarker for metastasis prediction in LA-NPC.
Medication availability and economic barriers to adherence in asthma and COPD patients in low-resource settings
Authors: Tabyshova Aizhamal , Sooronbaev Talant , Akylbekov Azamat , Mademilov Maamed , Isakova Aida , Erkinbaeva Aidai , Magdieva Kamila , Chavannes Niels H. , Postma Maarten J. , van Boven Job F. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInhaled medication is essential to control asthma and COPD, but availability and proper adherence are challenges in low-middle income countries (LMIC). Data on medication availability and adherence in Central Asia are lacking. We aimed to investigate the availability of respiratory medication and the extent of financially driven non-adherence in patients with COPD and asthma in Kyrgyzstan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two regions of Kyrgyzstan. Patients with a physician- and spirometry confirmed diagnosis of asthma and/or COPD were included. The main outcomes were (1) availability of respiratory medication in hospitals and pharmacies, assessed by a survey, and (2) medication adherence, assessed by the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for adherence. Of the 300 participants (COPD: 264; asthma: 36), 68.9% were buying respiratory medication out-of-pocket. Of all patients visiting the hospital, almost half reported medication not being available. In pharmacies, this was 8%. Poor adherence prevailed over intermediate and good adherence (80.7% vs. 12.0% and 7.3%, respectively). Deliberate and erratic non-adherence behavior patterns were the most frequent (89.7% and 88.0%), followed by an unconscious non-adherent behavioral pattern (31.3%). In total, 68.3% reported a financial reason as a barrier to proper adherence. Low BMI was the only factor significantly associated with good adherence. In this LMIC population, poor medication availability was common and 80% were poorly adherent. Erratic and deliberate non-adherent behaviors were the most common pattern and financial barriers play a role in over two-thirds of the population.
CRISPRi chemical genetics and comparative genomics identify genes mediating drug potency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Li Shuqi , Poulton Nicholas C. , Chang Jesseon S. , Azadian Zachary A. , DeJesus Michael A. , Ruecker Nadine , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Eckartt Kathryn A. , Bosch Barbara , Engelhart Curtis A. , Sullivan Daniel F. , Gengenbacher Martin , Dartois Véronique A. , Schnappinger Dirk , Rock Jeremy M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is notoriously difficult to treat. Treatment efficacy is limited by Mtb’s intrinsic drug resistance, as well as its ability to evolve acquired resistance to all antituberculars in clinical use. A deeper understanding of the bacterial pathways that influence drug efficacy could facilitate the development of more effective therapies, identify new mechanisms of acquired resistance, and reveal overlooked therapeutic opportunities. Here we developed a CRISPR interference chemical-genetics platform to titrate the expression of Mtb genes and quantify bacterial fitness in the presence of different drugs. We discovered diverse mechanisms of intrinsic drug resistance, unveiling hundreds of potential targets for synergistic drug combinations. Combining chemical genetics with comparative genomics of Mtb clinical isolates, we further identified several previously unknown mechanisms of acquired drug resistance, one of which is associated with a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak in South America. Lastly, we found that the intrinsic resistance factor whiB7 was inactivated in an entire Mtb sublineage endemic to Southeast Asia, presenting an opportunity to potentially repurpose the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin to treat tuberculosis. This chemical-genetic map provides a rich resource to understand drug efficacy in Mtb and guide future tuberculosis drug development and treatment.