bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quad-Band MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Handsets
Authors: El-Hassan M. Abo , Farahat A. E. , Hussein K. F. A. 
Published: March 2022

An efficient Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna system with a spatial diversity configuration for the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile handsets is constructed from a compact-size quad-band (28/45/51/56GHz28/45/51/56⁢GHz) microstrip patch antennas. The antenna is constructed as primary and secondary patches which are capacitively coupled and designed to realize impedance matching and to produce appropriate radiation patterns in the four frequency bands. The novel quad-band patch antenna includes complicated radiation mechanisms required for multiple-band operation. Two-port and four-port MIMO antenna systems that employ the quad-band patch antenna are proposed in the present work for the 5G mobile handsets. Numerical and experimental investigations are achieved to assess the performance of both the single-element antenna and the proposed MIMO antenna systems including the return loss at each antenna port and the coupling coefficients between the different ports. It is shown that the simulation results agree with the experimental measurements and both show good performance. The bandwidths achieved around 2828, 4545, 5151, and 5656 GHzGHz are about 0.60.6, 2.02.0, 1.81.8, and 1.31.3 GHzGHz, respectively. The radiation patterns produced when each port is excited alone are shown to be suitable for spatial diversity scheme with high radiation efficiency. It is shown that the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and the diversity gain (DG) are perfect over the four frequency bands.
Slit-Loaded Hexagonal Patch for Body Area Network Applications at 5.8 GHz
Authors: Mahapatra Shaktijeet , Mohanty Mihir Narayan 
Published: March 2022

Increasing population and expanding remote healthcare monitoring needs have provided an impetus to the research and development of wireless devices. The quest for smaller antennas for wireless devices has led to the design of the proposed antenna. In this work, we present a slit-loaded hexagonal patch antenna for body area network applications. The antenna has been designed on a 0.193λλ ×0.193λ×0.03λ×0.193⁢λ×0.03⁢λ FR4-epoxy substrate. The radiator patch has two parallel slits. The antenna resonates at 5.8 GHz (ISM band) with a wide bandwidth of 1.15 GHz. A maximum gain of 5.81 dB and a front-to-back ratio of 11.93 dB is observed at 5.8 GHz. Radiation efficiency is observed to be 72.3%. The measured return loss values show a close agreement with the simulated results. Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis on a simplified 2/3rdrd muscle model shows an average SAR of 0.5633 W kg−1-1, due to the use of a full-ground plane. The simulations were done in ANSYS HFSS. The antenna is suitable for on-body communications.
Switched Beam Antenna System for V2V Communication in 5G Applications
Authors: Ameen Allam M. , Ahmed Mohamed I. , Elsadek Hala , Anis Wagdy R. 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a switched beam antenna system consists of four Vivaldi antennas for vehicle-to-vehicle communication is presented. The proposed design is realized on a substrate material of “Rogers 5880” with εr=2.2,tanδ=0.002,andεr=2.2,tan⁢δ=0.002,and0.508-mm substrate thickness. The antenna is designed to operate at a center frequency of 28 GHz with operating bandwidth of 1.463 GHz. An overall realized gain of 9.78 dBi is achieved at the intended center frequency. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using CSTMWS. It is also fabricated using photolithography techniques and measured using R&S vector network analyzer. Good agreement is obtained between both CSTMWS and measured results.
Cross-talk reduction in a graphene-based ultra-compact plasmonic encoder using an Au nano-ridge on a silicon substrate
Authors: Haddadan Fatemeh , Soroosh Mohammad , Alaei-Sheini Navid 
Published: March 2022

Plasmonic waveguides have been widely studied in the rapid development of optically integrated circuits. The cross talk between plasmonic waveguides is a critical issue that should be considered. Nano-plasmonic waveguides with tunable graphene-free patterns on silicon ridge have very attractive features. Despite these attractive features, the low confinement in plasmonic waveguides reduces the coupling length. This issue results in high cross talk in optical integrated circuits. We present a solution to the mentioned problem. A metal ridge under the plasmonic channel helps to reduce the cross-talk value. A new graphene-based plasmonic waveguide has been proposed for achieving the switching operation at terahertz frequencies. Based on the designed waveguide, a 4-to-2 plasmonic encoder with the cross talk of

−

17.33

d
B

has been presented. Using six waveguides, the encoder is designed with a contrast ratio of 14.44 dB and an area of

0.36

µ

m

2

. Concerning the obtained results, the presented structure can be used in optical integrated circuits.
Advanced optical design of Czerny–Turner spectrometer with high flux and low aberration in broadband
Authors: Wu Su , Wang Tao , Huang Chan , Gu Jiapeng , Yu Lei , Xue Hui , Shen Yuan 
Published: March 2022

An advanced optical design for a low

f

-number, high resolution, astigmatism-free, and broadband Czerny–Turner spectrometer is proposed. A hemispherical lens is added between the entrance slit and collimating mirror, which can correct astigmatism and increase numerical aperture at the same time. The theory and method for the aberration correction are analyzed in detail. An example of a design with the

f

-number as 3 working in 350–750 nm has been presented by the optimized theory. The comparison of the improved Czerny–Turner spectrometer with the conventional Czerny–Turner spectrometer is also thoroughly described in the paper. The ray-tracing results show that the RMS spot radius of the improved Czerny–Turner spectrometer decreases from over 200 µm to less than 18 µm compared with the traditional Czerny–Turner spectrometer.
Epidemiological and clinical features of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A case-control study
Authors: Qu Ming Da , Kausar Humera , Smith Stephen , Lazar Peter G. , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee R. , Hollins Carl , Barton Bruce A. , Ward Doyle V. , Ellison Richard T. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin in Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with both severe pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections. However, there are only limited data on how this virulence factor may influence the clinical course or complications of bacteremic S. aureus infections.

Methods
Between September 2016 and March 2018, S. aureus isolates from clinical cultures from hospitals in an academic medical center underwent comprehensive genomic sequencing. Four hundred sixty-nine (29%) of 1681 S. aureus sequenced isolates were identified as containing the genes that encode for PVL. Case patients with one or more positive blood cultures for PVL were randomly matched with control patients having positive blood cultures with lukF/lukS-PV negative (PVL strains from a retrospective chart review).

Results
51 case and 56 control patients were analyzed. Case patients were more likely to have a history of injection drug use, while controls more likely to undergo hemodialysis. Isolates from 78.4% of case patients were methicillin resistant as compared to 28.6% from control patients. Case patients had a higher incidence of pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infection and longer duration of fever without differences in length of bacteremia. Clinical cure or expiration was comparable.

Conclusions
These results are consistent with prior observations associating the PVL toxin with both community-acquired MRSA strains as well as severe staphylococcal pneumonia. The presence of the PVL toxin does not appear to otherwise influence the natural history of bacteremic S. aureus disease other than in prolonging the duration of fever.
Measurement instruments for parental stress in the postpartum period: A scoping review
Authors: Øygarden Anne-Martha Utne , Berg Rigmor C. , Abudayya Abdallah , Glavin Kari , Strøm Benedicte Sørensen 
Published: March 2022

Background
Parenting stress is a particular type of stress that is conceptualized as a negative psychological response to the numerous obligations associated with raising children. Despite a considerable increase in research on parenting stress, little attention has been given to the ways parenting stress are measured.

Objectives
This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of available instruments measuring parental stress and to describe their psychometric properties.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review in accordance with international guidelines for scoping reviews. The main search strategy was searches in seven electronic databases. Pairs of reviewers selected relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies had to report one or more psychometric properties of an instrument measuring stress in parents with children 0–12 months. For each included study, we collected information relevant to the review question, guided by the COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Finally, we collated, summarized, and reported the findings descriptively.

Results
From 2164 unique record, 64 studies from 24 countries were included. They described 15 instruments, of which four were generic and eleven parental-specific self-administered instruments. Only two studies examined parental stress among fathers. Eleven of the studies were validation studies, but they only described seven of the 15 instruments. Internal consistency was the only information provided by 73.4% of the included studies. None of the instruments had information on all measurement properties as per the COSMIN criteria, and there was no information about measurement error, responsiveness, or interpretability for any of the 15 instruments.

Discussion
There are presently 15 instruments with some associated psychometric information being used to measure parental stress among parents with young children, but the amount of information on the instruments’ psychometric properties is slight. There is a need for further research.
Dampak Perluasan Lahan Tambak Terhadap Keanekaragaman Makrozoobenthos Di Ekosistem Mangrove
Authors: Mahmudin Mahmudin , Sakaria Fajria Sari , Veranika Veranika 
Published: March 2022

Pengalihan fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak masyarakat telah menyebabkan proses abrasi dan sedimentasi yang cukup parah, sehingga diduga menyebabkan kontaminasi terhadap keberadaan biota pada lahan tersebut salah satunya yaitu organisme benthos. Berdasarkan kajian literatur terjadi kenaikan luasan tambak di kota Palopo dari 815 ha pada tahun 2005 menjadi 1.566 ha di tahun 2019. Kenaikan luasan tambak tersebut dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kelestarian ekosistem mangrove dan biota-biota yang berasosiasi dengan lahan mangrove khususnya organisme benthos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kondisi keanekaragaman organisme benthos yang berada pada ekosistem mangrove yang telah diubah menjadi area tambak di Kota Palopo. Lokasi pengamatan terbagi dalam satu kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang telah di konversi menjadi lahan tambak dan satu kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang tidak dikonversi menjadi lahan mangrove (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai keanekaragaman lebih tinggi di peroleh pada lokasi kontrol dibandingkan dengan lokasi tambak. Lokasi kontrol memiliki nilai keanekargaman 1,315 dan lokasi tambak nilai 0,223.ABSTRACTThe conversion of the function of mangrove land into community ponds has caused a process of abrasion and sedimentation that is quite severe, so it is suspected that it causes contamination of the presence of biota on the land, one of which is benthic organisms. Based on a literature review, there was an increase in the area of ponds in the city of Palopo from 815 ha in 2005 to 1,566 ha in 2019. The increase in pond area can have an impact on the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem and the biota associated with mangrove land, especially benthic organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of benthos biodiversity in the mangrove ecosystem that has been converted into a pond area in Palopo City. The observation location is divided into one mangrove ecosystem area that has been converted into pond land and one mangrove ecosystem area that has not been converted to mangrove land (control). The results showed that higher diversity values were obtained at the control location compared to the pond location. The control location has a diversity value of 1.315 and the location of the pond has a value of 0.223.
Erector spine plane block as a universal, safe and effective component of multimodal anesthesia
Authors: Barsa M. M. 
Published: March 2022

The rapid development of evidence-based medicine in Ukraine and in the the world clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of multimodal anesthesia in the perioperative period. In addition to oral and intravenous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the use of regional methods of anesthesia plays a special role. The safety, efficacy of regional anesthesia and the reduction of intra- and postoperative complications are no longer in doubt. There is no anatomical area that cannot be anesthetized without the use of peripheral or central nerve blocks. However, the issue of which block as well as its anatomical basis should be used to minimize the risk for patients has to date been debatable and relevant.
The aim: to review and analyze modern sources of information in the field of anesthesiology, intensive care, and regional anesthesia; to determine the place of the ESP block among other fascial blocks and demonstrate the world experience and features of applying ESP block in different pathologies and in different surgical interventions.
The main and continuing priority in the daily work of an anesthesiologist is patient safety and the principle – “Do no harm”. A huge range of regional anesthesia methods are popular among anesthesiologists and intensivists. However, it is still unclear which one of these is as safe as it is effective.
Conclusions. ESP block is a universal, effective and relatively simple method of regional anesthesia, which effectively improves patient outcomes and reduces the number of intra- and postoperative complications.
Study on the interfacial interaction between ammonium perchlorate and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene in solid propellants by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Dong Ge , Liu Hengzhi , Deng Lei , Yu Haiyang , Zhou Xing , Tang Xianqiong , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interfacial interaction between the main oxidant filler ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) matrix in AP/HTPB propellants were studied via an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. The results of the simulation showed the effects of the microscopic cross-linked structure of the matrix, stretching rate during uniaxial stretching, and contact area between the filler and matrix on the mechanical properties, such as the stress and strain of the composite solid propellant. Among the aforementioned factors, the stretching rate considerably affects the mechanical properties of the solid propellant, and the maximum stress of the solid propellant proportionally increases with the stretching rate. When defects were introduced on the surface of the AP filler, the contact area between the filler and matrix affected the strain type of the matrix molecules. Owing to the interaction between the molecules and atoms, the strain behaviour of the matrix molecule changed with the change in its microscopic cross-linked structure during uniaxial stretching. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the characteristics at the AP–HTPB interface in AP/HTPB propellants. The aforementioned simulation results further revealed the interfacial interaction mechanism of the AP–HTPB matrix and provided a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance propellants.
Development and butyrylcholinesterase/monoamine oxidase inhibition potential of PVA-Berberis lycium nanofibers
Authors: Ibrahim Nihal Abdalla , Kaleem Saba , Khan Abida Kalsoom , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect of montmorillonite (MMT)-reinforced, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) nanofibers loaded with root extract of Berberis lycium on monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO A and B) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by using slightly modified Ellman’s test and Amplex Red monoamine oxidase assay, respectively. Enzyme inhibition studies of extract-loaded nanofibers showed significant inhibitory potential against MAO A, B, and BChE. There was an increase in enzyme inhibition with an increased extract concentration loaded to nanofibers. The fibers were characterized by TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffractometry), and FTIR (Fourier-transform infra-red) spectroscopy to investigate thermal stability, morphology, structural changes, and functional groups in the nanofibers, respectively. SEM results of fabricated nanofibers reflected the beadless and smooth morphology of nanofibers with the porous structure. The contact angle measurements of fabricated nanofibers showed suitable hydrophilicity of nanofibers. The nanofibers loaded with the root extract of Berberis lycium have been found to be potent inhibitors of MAO A, B, and the BChE enzyme.
John Stuart Mill is relevant to COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy today
Authors: Chervenak Frank A. , Moreno Jonathan D. , Grünebaum Amos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The scientific evidence about COVID-19 and pregnancy is conclusive: COVID-19 infections increase the risk of stillbirths and preterm births, and pregnant and postpartum patients are more likely to get severely ill with COVID-19 and die when compared with people who are not pregnant. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine protects from severe illness from COVID-19 and risk of death. COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for pregnant patients, those trying to conceive, and who are breastfeeding, or might become pregnant in the future. The justification for government involvement in public health measures that restrict personal liberty that we are so familiar with today emanated from a philosophical source at the same time as the progress in managing infectious disease. John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), an empiricist and a utilitarian, was not specifically addressing the ethics of public health in his classic On Liberty (1859), but his arguments have become the reference point for liberal democracies and public health measures. Mill was in search of a philosophical principle that could justify constraints on personal freedom. John Stuart Mill gives direct guidance to our approach supporting not only strong recommendations for pregnant patients to accept vaccinations against COVID-19 but also for those working in healthcare setting to be required to be vaccinated. This approach is respectful to our patient’s liberty while doing all that’s reasonable to protect them from harm. Based on our professional experience we recognize that some physicians and patients have fixed false beliefs. Physicians espousing fixed false beliefs against COVID-19 vaccines should be censured.
Cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of molybdenum and tungsten disulphide on human bronchial cells
Authors: Zapór Lidia , Chojnacka-Puchta Luiza , Sawicka Dorota , Miranowicz-Dzierżawska Katarzyna , Skowroń Jolanta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses induced by tungsten disulphide (WS2) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoparticles (NPs) in human bronchial cells (BEAS-2B). For cytotoxicity assessment, the cells were exposed to different concentrations (2.5–200 µg/mL) of WS2-NPs or MoS2-NPs for 24 and 48 h and then the MTT assay was performed. Afterwards, long-term toxicity was assessed by the colony forming efficiency assay (CFEA) during a 10 days’ exposure of the cells. For pro-inflammatory responses, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA was estimated by the real-time PCR method. Both nanomaterials showed similar cytotoxic effects on BEAS-2B cells assessed by the MTT assay, i.e. reduction in cell viability to approx. 60–70% at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h. The percentage viability remained relatively constant at this level across all concentrations above 5 μg/mL. In long-term exposure, both nanomaterials inhibited colony formation in a wide range of concentrations up to 100 µg/mL. MoS2-NPs were slightly more cytotoxic than WS2-NPs. Additionally, MoS2-NPs caused an increase in mRNA levels of cytokines, IL-1β, and IL-6 at concentration of 50 µg/mL, while WS2-NPs did not cause any changes in the level of mRNA for both cytokines. We also visualised the changes in the cells as a result of WS2-NPs or MoS2-NPs exposure (2.5 and 25 µg/mL) via holotomographic microscopy. This work demonstrates the hazardous potential of both nanomaterials and indicate that WS2 and MoS2 nanoparticles should be included in the occupational risk assessment.
Study on the Fracture Mechanisms of a Grade 91 Steel at 600°C via Interrupted Miniature Tensile Testing
Authors: Huang Suxia , Sun Wei , Li Hezong , Sun Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study of the deformation and fracture mechanisms of power plant materials at elevated service temperature is of utmost importance in structural integrity assessment. In this work, interrupted miniature uniaxial tensile tests (MUTT) have been conducted to investigate the fracture evolution mechanisms for a Grade 91 steel at 600°C. The engineering stress–strain curves of the MUTT can be divided into six different stages, including the elastic stage, strain hardening stage, homogeneous plastic deformation stage, necking across the transverse and thickness direction stage, and finally, the fracture propagation stage. In addition to full history tests, MUTT were interrupted in each of the different stages to study the entire failure process evolution from the uniform deformation, necking to specimen separation, using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It has been shown that the necking of the interrupted testing specimens appears at Stage IV across the width direction prior to the thickness direction at Stage V. The thickness direction necking would lead to fracture rapidly. The void coalescence directly caused by damage has been observed in Stage VI.