bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin injection by spin–charge coupling in proximity induced magnetic graphene
Authors: Kaverzin Alexey A , Ghiasi Talieh S , Dismukes Avalon H , Roy Xavier , van Wees Bart J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Within the field of spintronics major efforts are directed towards developing applications for spin-based transport devices made fully out of two-dimensional materials. In this work we present an experimental realization of a spin-valve device where the generation of the spin signal is exclusively attributed to the spin-dependent conductivity of the magnetic graphene resulting from the proximity of an interlayer antiferromagnet, chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr). We clearly demonstrate that the usage of the conventional air-sensitive 3D magnetic contacts can be fully avoided when graphene/CrSBr heterostructures are employed. Moreover, apart from providing exceptionally long spin relaxation length, the usage of graphene for both generation and transport of the spin allows to automatically avoid the conductivity mismatch between the source and the channel circuits that has to be considered when using conventional low-resistive contacts. Our results address a necessary step in the engineering of spintronic circuitry out of layered materials and precede further developments in the area of complex spin-logic devices. Moreover, we introduce a fabrication procedure where we designed and implemented a recipe for the preparation of electrodes via a damage-free technique that offers an immediate advantage in the fields of air-sensitive and delicate organic materials.
Fabrication of in situ aluminium matrix composite by change in addition sequence of MnO
2 particles
Authors: Panchal H N , Rao V J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

In-situ composite of commercially pure aluminium (CPA) matrix and 1 to 4 wt% MnO
2 reinforcement particles were fabricated using stir casting method. 3 wt% Mg was added to improve the wettability of generated in situ phases in CPA matrix. MnO
2 additions were carried out in two sequences named as A and B. In sequence A, MnO
2 was added after melting of CPA with 3 wt% Mg while in sequence B, MnO
2 added before melting of CPA with 3 wt% Mg. The sequence of addition of MnO
2 has been studied in terms of recovery of Mn, mechanical properties and microstructures of fabricated composite. Maximum recovery of Mn obtained in case of sequence B. Improved results in microstructure and mechanical properties were found in sequence B compared to sequence A. Formation of in situ phases such as MnAl
6, MgSiO
3, Al
2
O
3, cemented carbide Mn
3
AlC and small quantity of MgFeSiO
3, were confirmed by Xy diffraction analysis in final composite materials.
Preliminary studies on soil radon activity at geothermal hotspot of Bakreswar-Tantloi
Authors: Aich Arkajit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bakreswar-Tantloi region of India, besides being a geothermally active region, also harbours a high amount of Radon in soil-gas and groundwater of the region. Measurement of Radon-content across the region is an active area of research aimed to properly understand the geothermal potential of the region, the study of local geology and to determine the risks of Radon exposure in the area. In an aim to evaluate the Radon potential of this important geothermal hub, we have done a pilot study on the region by doing spot measurements of Soil-Radon activity in 41 specific geographic locations spread out across the region of interest which will act as groundwork for further in-depth analysis. The measurements showed that Radon activity varies widely in the region with the Radon activity ranging from 1

kBq

m

−
3

to 52

kBq

m

−
3

across the measured locations. Mean Radon activity across the measured locations was found to be 16

kBq

m

−
3

with standard deviation of the sample set of 14

kBq

m

−
3

.

Seven locations recorded Radon activity to be greater than standard deviation from average while four locations recorded Radon activity greater than twice the standard deviation from average.
Higher order Turán inequalities for Boros-Moll sequences
Authors: Guo Jeremy 
Published: June 2022

We prove that for the Boros-Moll sequences

{

d
i

(
m
)

}

i
=
0

m

\{d_i(m)\}_{i=0}^m

, the higher order Turán inequalities

4
(

d
i

(
m

)
2

−

d

i
−
1

(
m
)

d

i
+
1

(
m
)
)
(

d

i
+
1

(
m

)
2

−

d
i

(
m
)

d

i
+
2

(
m
)
)
−
(

d
i

(
m
)

d

i
+
1

(
m
)
−

d

i
−
1

(
m
)

d

i
+
1

(
m
)

)
2

≥
0

4(d_i(m)^2 -d_{i-1}(m)d_{i+1}(m))(d_{i+1}(m)^2-d_i(m)d_{i+2}(m)) -(d_i(m)d_{i+1}(m)-d_{i-1}(m)d_{i+1}(m))^2\geq 0

hold for

m
≥
3

m\geq 3

and

1
≤
i
≤
m
−
2

1\leq i\leq m-2

. As a consequence, the 3rd associated Jensen polynomials

d
i

(
m
)
+
3

d

i
+
1

(
m
)
x
+
3

d

i
+
2

(
m
)

x
2

+

d

i
+
3

(
m
)

x
3

d_i(m)+3d_{i+1}(m)x+3d_{i+2}(m)x^2+d_{i+3}(m)x^3

have only real zeros.
Sources of Variability in Serum Lipidomic Measurements and Implications for Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Naudin Sabine , Sampson Joshua N , Moore Steven C , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Epidemiological studies using lipidomic approaches can identify lipids associated with exposures and diseases. We evaluated the sources of variability of lipidomic profiles measured in blood samples and the implications when designing epidemiologic studies. We measured 918 lipid species in nonfasting baseline serum from 693 participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, with 570 participants having serial blood samples separated by 1–5 years and 72 blinded replicate quality control samples. Blood samples were collected during 1993–2006. For each lipid species, we calculated the between-individual, within-individual, and technical variances, and we estimated the statistical power to detect associations in case-control studies. The technical variability was moderate, with a median intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.79. The combination of technical and within-individual variances accounted for most of the variability in 74% of the lipid species. For an average true relative risk of 3 (comparing upper and lower quartiles) after correction for multiple comparisons at the Bonferroni significance threshold (α = 0.05/918 = 5.45 ×10−5), we estimated that a study with 500, 1,000, and 5,000 total participants (1:1 case-control ratio) would have 19%, 57%, and 99% power, respectively. Epidemiologic studies examining associations between lipidomic profiles and disease require large samples sizes to detect moderate effect sizes associations.
Requirement and functional redundancy of two large ribonucleotide reductase subunit genes for cell cycle, chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Gu Mengjun , Lu Qiao , Liu Yi , Cui Man , Si Yaoqi , Wu Huilan , Chai Tuanyao , Ling Hong-Qing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), functioning in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), is crucial for DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In most plants, the large subunits of RNR have more than one homologous gene. However, the different functions of these homologous genes in plant development remain unknown. In this study, we obtained the mutants of two large subunits of RNR in tomato and studied their functions.

Methods
The mutant ylc1 was obtained by ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) treatment. Through map-based cloning, complementation and knock-out experiments, it was confirmed that YLC1 encodes a large subunit of RNR (SlRNRL1). The expression level of the genes related to cell cycle progression, chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis was assessed by RNA-sequencing. In addition, we knocked out SlRNRL2 (a SlRNRL1 homologue) using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the tomato genome, and we down-regulated SlRNRL2 expression in the genetic background of slrnrl1-1 using a tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system.

Key results
The mutant slrnrl1 exhibited dwarf stature, chlorotic young leaves and smaller fruits. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses indicated that SlRNRL1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in tomato. The slrnrl2 mutant did not exhibit any visible phenotype. SlRNRL2 has a redundant function with SlRNRL1, and the double mutant slrnrl1slrnrl2 is lethal.

Conclusions
SlRNRL1 is essential for cell cycle progression, chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis. In addition, SlRNRL1 and SlRNRL2 possess redundant functions and at least one of these RNRLs is required for tomato survival, growth and development.
Stoichiometry versus ecology: the relationships between genome size and guanine–cytosine content, and tissue nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland herbs
Authors: Bitomský Martin , Kobrlová Lucie , Hroneš Michal , Klimešová Jitka , Duchoslav Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPlant tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and genome traits, such as genome size and guanine–cytosine (GC) content, scale with growth or metabolic rates and are linked to plant ecological strategy spectra. Tissue NP stoichiometry and genome traits are reported to affect plant growth, metabolic rates or ecological strategies in contrasting ways, although the elemental costs for building and maintaining DNA are typically overlooked.MethodsWe formulated stoichiometry- and ecology-based predictions on the relationship between genome size and GC content to tissue N, P and N : P and tested them on a set of 130 herbaceous species from a temperate grassland using ordinary, phylogenetic and quantile regression.Key ResultsGenome size was only negatively linked to plant N and N : P in species with very small genomes. We found no link between genome size and plant P. GC content was negatively linked to plant N and P but we found these significant links consistently in both GC-rich and GC-poor species. Finally, GC content correlated positively with plant N : P but only in species with GC-rich genomes.ConclusionsOur results provide stronger support for the ecology-based predictions than the stoichiometry-based predictions, and for the links between GC content and plant N and P stoichiometry than for genome size. We argue that the theories of plant metabolic rates and ecological strategies (resource-acquisitive vs. conservative or ruderal vs. stress-tolerator spectra) better explain interspecific genome-NP stoichiometry relationships at the tissue level (although relatively weakly) than the stoichiometric theory based on the elemental costs for building and maintaining DNA.
Mating competition and adult sex ratio in wild Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Chuard Pierre J C , Grant James W A , Brown Grant E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost experimental tests of mating systems theory have been conducted in the laboratory, using operational sex ratios (ratio of ready-to-mate male to ready-to-mate female) that are often not representative of natural conditions. Here, we first measured the range of adult sex ratio (proportion of adult males to adult females; ASR) in two populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) differing in ambient predation risk (high vs. low). We then explored, under semi-wild conditions, the effect of ASR (i.e., 0.17, 0.50, 0.83) on mating competition patterns in these populations. ASR in the wild was female-biased and did not significantly differ between the two populations. The range of ASR in our experiment was representative of natural ASRs. As expected, we observed an increase in intrasexual aggression rates in both sexes as the relative abundance of competitors increased. In support of the risky competition hypothesis, all measured behaviors had lower rates in a high versus low predation-risk population, likely due to the costs of predation. In terms of mating tactics, a male-biased ASR did not lead males to favor forced mating over courtship, indicating that males did not compensate for the cost of competition by switching to a less costly alternative mating tactic. Overall, this study highlights the need for field experiments using natural ranges of ASRs to test the validity of mating systems theory in a more complex, ecologically relevant context.
Robustness of the CDC Folate Microbiologic Assay Kit During Simulated Delayed Shipping
Authors: Zhang Mindy , Fischer Christina , Jabbar Shameem , Pfeiffer Christine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The WHO has recommended the accurate and practical microbiologic assay (MBA) to assess population folate status. To help laboratories in low-resource countries conduct folate measurements, the CDC developed a folate MBA kit containing critical reagents: calibrator, microorganism, quality control (QC), and reagent stock solutions to prepare culture medium. Shipping frozen kits internationally is complex and sometimes delayed, potentially causing materials to thaw. We investigated whether refrigerated or ambient kit temperatures affect folate results.

Methods
We conditioned 5-methyltetrahydrofolate calibrator stock solution, L. rhamnosus microorganism inoculation, serum and whole blood lysate (WBL) QC samples, and reagent stock solutions (ascorbic acid, chloramphenicol, and manganese sulfate) at 6°C ≤ 3 d and 20°C ≤ 2 d protected from light; we then compared conditioned vs. optimally stored materials (-70°C) by analyzing serum and/or WBL samples (≥3 runs).

Results
The conditioned calibrator showed a mean folate difference (range from 3 runs for 43 WBL samples) of −0.3% (−4.0 to 4.1%) at 6°C/3 d and 0.9% (−1.6% to 2.7%) at 20°C/2 d. Similarly, the conditioned microorganism showed a mean difference of 4.3% (0.7% to 8.3%) at 6°C/3 d and 0.6% (−3.5% to 4.9%) at 20°C/2 d. The conditioned reagents showed a mean difference (range from 3 runs for 5 serum and 5 WBL samples) of 0.3% (−7.4% to 9.0%) at 6°C/3 d and 3.6% (0.1% to 9.0%) at 20°C/2 d. The 2 conditioned serum QC samples (∼13 and ∼40 nmol/L) showed a mean difference (range from 6 runs) of −0.6% (−6.0% to 2.3%) at 6°C/1 d, but higher differences of −5.8%, −5.9%, and −20.7% at 6°C/3 d, 20°C/1 d, and 20°C/2 d, respectively. The conditioned low WBL QC sample (∼300 nmol/L) showed small mean differences (−1.5%, −2.4%, −1.7%, and −0.3% at 6°C/1 d, 6°C/3 d, 20°C/1 d, and 20°C/2 d, respectively), while the conditioned high WBL QC sample (∼600 nmol/L) showed higher mean differences (−3.1%, −12.4%, −6.9%, and −23.7%, respectively).

Conclusions
All kit components except for the QC materials demonstrated adequate stability (&lt;5% change) at 6°C ≤ 3 d or at 20°C ≤ 2 d. The QC materials should not be exposed to 6°C for &gt; 1 d to ensure stability. These findings provide important and practical information for kit shipment management.

Funding Sources
None.
Behavior Analysis-Based IoT Services For Crowd Management
Authors: Noor Talal H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the world population growing exponentially reaching 7.8 billion people in 2020, the issue of crowd management has become more difficult especially when the situation requires social distancing (e.g. due to COVID-19). The Internet of Things (IoT) technology can help in tackling such issues. In this article, we propose a behavior analysis-based IoT services architecture for crowd management. We propose to use a behavior analysis approach based on using generative model as Hidden Markov Model to help crowd managers to make good decisions in invoking IoT services. The proposed approach is based on sectioning video segments captured from surveillance cameras of locations that require crowd management into spatio-temporal flow-blocks for marginalization of arbitrarily dense flow field. Then, each flow-block is classified as normal and abnormal. To demonstrate our approach, we used a real case study where crowd management is required namely, Muslim’s pilgrimage (i.e. Hajj and Umrah), where real dataset is used for experimenting. The results of the experiments we have conducted are promising in real-time performance. Such results are expected to compare favorably to those found in the literature by other researchers.
Investigation of active site amino acid influence on carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during reductive dechlorination
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth , Bulka Olivia , Picott Katherine , Kümmel Steffen , Edwards Elizabeth A , Nijenhuis Ivonne , Gehre Matthias , Dworatzek Sandra , Webb Jennifer , Sherwood Lollar Barbara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Reductive dehalogenases (RDases) are corrinoid-dependent enzymes that reductively dehalogenate organohalides in respiratory processes. By comparing isotope effects in biotically catalyzed reactions to reference experiments with abiotic corrinoid catalysts, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been shown to yield valuable insights into enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, including RDases. Here, we report isotopic fractionation (ε) during biotransformation of chloroform (CF) for carbon (εC = -1.52 ± 0.34‰) and chlorine (εCl = -1.84 ± 0.19‰), corresponding to a ΛC/Cl value of 1.13 ± 0.35. These results are highly suppressed compared to isotope effects observed both during CF biotransformation by another organism with a highly similar RDase (&gt;95% sequence identity) at the amino acid level, and to those observed during abiotic dehalogenation of CF. Amino acid differences occur at four locations within the two different RDases’ active sites, and this study examines whether these differences potentially affect the observed εC, εCl, and ΛC/Cl. Structural protein models approximating the locations of the residues elucidate possible controls on reaction mechanisms and/or substrate binding efficiency. These four locations are not conserved among other chloroalkane reducing RDases with high amino acid similarity (&gt;90%), suggesting that these locations may be important in determining isotope fractionation within this homologous group of RDases.
Conditional growth defect of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutants
Authors: de Jonge Eline F , Tommassen Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Unfortunately, vesiculation by bordetellae is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. In other bacteria, iron limitation or inactivation of the fur gene has been shown to increase OMV production, presumably by downregulation of the mla genes, which encode machinery for maintenance of lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane. Here, we followed a similar approach in bordetellae. Whereas a fur mutant was readily obtained in B. bronchiseptica, a B. pertussis fur mutant could only be obtained in iron-deplete conditions, indicating that a fur mutation is conditionally lethal in this bacterium. The fur mutants displayed a growth defect in iron-replete media, presumably because constitutive expression of iron-uptake systems resulted in iron intoxication. Accordingly, expression of the Escherichia coli ferritin FtnA to sequester intracellularly accumulated iron rescued the growth of the mutants in these media. The fur mutations led to the constitutive expression of novel vaccine candidates, such as the TonB-dependent receptors FauA for the siderophore alcaligin and BhuR for heme. However, neither inactivation of fur nor growth under iron limitation improved vesiculation, presumably because the expression of the mla genes appeared unaffected.
Implementing a Financial Decision-Making Scale in APS Financial Exploitation Investigations: Use of the PARIHS Conceptual Framework
Authors: Lichtenberg Peter A , Mandarino Joshua , Fisher Lisa , Tocco Maggie , Moray Juno , Shipp Marie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdult protective services (APS) agencies investigate cases of financial exploitation, and a critical aspect of such investigations is often the assessment of decision-making abilities. This study examined APS workers’ implementation of a 10-item financial decision-making screening tool, the Financial Decision Tracker (FDT), across a 34-month period: pre-COVID-19, throughout COVID-19 restrictions, and for 1 year following the restrictions.Research Design and MethodsUsing the Promoting Action in Research Implementation in the Health Services implementation science conceptual framework, we examined aspects of context, facilitation, and evidence to determine how well APS workers were trained, certified, and skilled in using the FDT. Using individual and group interviews, we assessed factors often related to successful implementation (context and facilitation) and measured the number of scales used, the types of decisions under investigation, and how the tool’s scoring system aligned with the APS workers’ final ratings (evidence).ResultsOverall, implementation was sustained throughout the 34-month period. However, during COVID-19 restrictions, usage dropped to a rate 58% below that prior to and following the restrictions. A total of 839 scales were administered. Individuals with no decision-making deficits were slightly older (78.7 vs 77.1 years; t(837) = 2.54, p = .01) and had completed high school at a significantly higher rate (69% vs 59%, χ 2(1) = 5.20, p = .023) than those who had decision-making deficits.Discussion and ImplicationsOverall, the implementation trial can be considered a success. The FDT was used so often and effectively that it is now an APS best practices tool, meaning that in audits, the correct use of the FDT will be assessed.
Fatty acid metabolism in T-cell function and differentiation
Authors: Endo Yusuke , Kanno Toshio , Nakajima Takahiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Immunometabolism has recently emerged as a field of study examining the intersection between immunology and metabolism. Studies in this area have yielded new findings on the roles of a diverse range of metabolic pathways and metabolites, which have been found to control many aspects of T-cell biology, including cell differentiation, function and fate. A particularly important finding has been the discovery that to meet the energy requirements associated with their proliferation, activation and specific functions, T cells switch their metabolic signatures during differentiation. For example, whereas the induction of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid uptake programs are required for antigen-stimulation-induced proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells, fatty acid catabolism via β-oxidation is essential for the generation of memory T cells and the differentiation of regulatory T cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the metabolism in different stages of T cells and how fatty acid metabolism in these cells controls their specific functions.