bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Catalysts (SACs) for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with H2O: Activity, Product Selectivity, Stability, and Surface Chemistry
Authors: Hiragond Chaitanya B. , Powar Niket S. , Lee Junho , In Su‐Il 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted the interest of researchers owing to their suitability for various catalytic applications. For instance, their optoelectronic features, site‐specific activity, and cost‐effectiveness make SACs ideal for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The activity, product selectivity, and photostability of SACs depend on various factors such as the nature of the metal/support material, the interaction between the metal atoms and support, light‐harvesting ability, charge separation behavior, CO2 adsorption ability, active sites, and defects. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate these factors in depth to elucidate the working principle(s) of SACs for catalytic applications. Herein, the recent progress in the development of SACs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O is reviewed. First, a brief overview of CO2 photoreduction and SACs for CO2 conversion is provided. Several synthesis strategies and useful techniques for characterizing SACs employed in heterogeneous catalysis are then described. Next, the challenges of SACs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction and related optimization strategies, in terms of activity, product selectivity, and stability, are explored. The progress in the development of noble metal– and transition metal–based SACs and dual‐SACs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction is discussed. Finally, the prospects of SACs for CO2 reduction are considered.
Excellent Stability in Polyetherimide/SiO2 Nanocomposites with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Discharge Efficiency at High Temperature
Authors: Sun Binzhou , Hu Penghao , Ji Xumin , Fan Mingzhi , Zhou Le , Guo Mengfan , He Shan , Shen Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolymer dielectrics with excellent thermal stability are the essential core material for thin film capacitors applied in a harsh‐environment. However, the dielectric and mechanical properties of polymers are commonly deteriorated with temperature rising. Herein, polyetherimide (PEI)‐based nanocomposites contained with SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2‐NPs) are fabricated by a solution casting method. It is found that the introduction of SiO2‐NPs decreases the electric conductivity and significantly enhances the breakdown strength of the nanocomposites, especially under high temperatures. As a result, the 5 vol% PEI/SiO2‐NPs nanocomposite film displays a superior dielectric energy storage performance, e.g., a discharged energy density of 6.30 J cm‐3 and a charge–discharge efficiency of 90.5% measured at 620 MV m‐1 and 150 °C. In situ scanning Kelvin probe microscopy characterization indicates that the charge carriers can be trapped in the interfacial regions between the polymer matrix and the SiO2‐NPs till the temperature reaches as high as 150 °C. This work demonstrates an effective strategy to fabricate high‐temperature dielectric polymer nanocomposites by embedding inorganic nanoparticles and provides a method for directly detecting charge behavior at the nanoscale inside the matrix.
Study on the interaction between big data and artificial intelligence
Authors: Li Jin , Ye Ziwei , Zhang Caiming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe explosive growth of information has rapidly ushered people into the era of big data. Due to the large volume, high variety, and rapid velocity characteristics of big data, most traditional data mining methods developed for a centralized data analysis process cannot be applied directly. AI leverages machine intelligence to provide insights, automation, and new methods to interact with data, thereby promoting data literacy throughout the organization. Based on the theory of Big Data Cycle, this paper discusses the relationship between big data and AI and how they interact and influence each other. It adopts the integrative review research method to screen latest literature and summarizes the role of AI in different phases of big data cycle. We also provide an insight into the applications of big data and AI in three different areas, that is, social network, health care, and finance.
Functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea: Clinical guidelines of the United European Gastroenterology and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Authors: Savarino Edoardo , Zingone Fabiana , Barberio Brigida , Marasco Giovanni , Akyuz Filiz , Akpinar Hale , Barboi Oana , Bodini Giorgia , Bor Serhat , Chiarioni Giuseppe , Cristian Gheorghe , Corsetti Maura , Di Sabatino Antonio , Dimitriu Anca Mirela , Drug Vasile , Dumitrascu Dan L. , Ford Alexander C. , Hauser Goran , Nakov Radislav , Patel Nisha , Pohl Daniel , Sfarti Cătălin , Serra Jordi , Simrén Magnus , Suciu Alina , Tack Jan , Toruner Murat , Walters Julian , Cremon Cesare , Barbara Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) and functional diarrhoea (FDr) are the two major functional bowel disorders characterized by diarrhoea. In spite of their high prevalence, IBS‐D and FDr are associated with major uncertainties, especially regarding their optimal diagnostic work‐up and management. A Delphi consensus was performed with experts from 10 European countries who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 31 statements. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation criteria. Consensus (defined as >80% agreement) was reached for all the statements. The panel agreed with the potential overlapping of IBS‐D and FDr. In terms of diagnosis, the consensus supports a symptom‐based approach also with the exclusion of alarm symptoms, recommending the evaluation of full blood count, C‐reactive protein, serology for coeliac disease, and faecal calprotectin, and consideration of diagnosing bile acid diarrhoea. Colonoscopy with random biopsies in both the right and left colon is recommended in patients older than 50 years and in presence of alarm features. Regarding treatment, a strong consensus was achieved for the use of a diet low fermentable oligo‐, di‐, monosaccharides and polyols, gut‐directed psychological therapies, rifaximin, loperamide, and eluxadoline. A weak or conditional recommendation was achieved for antispasmodics, probiotics, tryciclic antidepressants, bile acid sequestrants, 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 antagonists (i.e. alosetron, ondansetron, or ramosetron). A multinational group of European experts summarized the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis, and management of IBS‐D and FDr.
Choosing an optimal duck season: integrating hunter values and duck abundance
Authors: Stiller Joshua C. , Siemer William F. , Perkins Kelly A. , Fuller Angela K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractState wildlife agencies have long struggled to identify optimal hunting season dates for migratory game bird species that meet the diverse and often competing interests of stakeholders. Many approaches have been used to ensure the regulated community participates in the decision‐making process, including public hearings, hunter season‐date preference surveys, and hunter task forces or committees. Although hearings, surveys, and task force approaches include portions of the regulated community (typically the most avid) they may not necessarily reflect the opinions and values of all stakeholders. Additionally, these approaches rely heavily on limited anecdotal observations that may be unduly influenced by hunter avidity (e.g., days spent afield), hunter density, species preferences, and property access. To address the challenges caused by engaging only portions of the stakeholder community, we used a structured decision‐making framework that included a 2017 duck hunter survey to elucidate values of a representative sample of the regulated community in each waterfowl hunting zone in the state of New York, USA. Rather than asking duck hunters about their specific duck hunting season date preferences, we asked them to rank 6 objectives describing what they value in their hunting experience (e.g., maximizing the opportunity to see mallards [Anas platyrhynchos] and black ducks [Anas rubripes], maximizing the number of weekend days). Four of the 6 objectives described duck species availability (i.e., abundance or immigration) and the remaining 2 described considerations that affect an individual hunter's opportunity or limitation to going duck hunting (i.e., holidays or conflicting hunting seasons). We used spatiotemporal abundance models derived from eBird citizen science data to estimate abundance and immigration rates of ducks in each waterfowl zone. We evaluated up to 9 unique season date alternatives developed by duck hunter task forces to determine which season date alternative best satisfied the competing objectives of duck hunters in each zone. The approach we developed allowed for selection of optimal duck hunting season dates and successfully involved avid duck hunters in the regulation development stages, while ensuring that the values of a representative sample of all stakeholders were directly considered through a clear and transparent decision‐making process.
Making Do with the Resources at Hand to Improve One’s Life and Others’ Lives
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Parida Vinit , Wincent Joakim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter—“Making Do with the Resources at Hand to Improve One’s Life and Others’ Lives”—highlights the bright side of entrepreneurial action in response to chronic adversity. In this chapter, we discuss how most prior research has emphasized the importance of slack resources to explain creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. However, scholars have tended to under-emphasize the role of necessity in generating innovations and to over-emphasize the firm level of analysis when investigating value creation and capture. To add more balance to this discussion, in this chapter, we detail a study on problem solvers in an extremely resource-poor environment in rural India and the creative process they engage in to overcome their chronic adversity. This creative problem-solving process, known locally as jugaad, relies on individuals’ assertive defiance to engage in trial-and-error experiential learning so they can recombine at-hand resources for new purposes to devise frugal quick-fix solutions. By exploring this creative problem-solving process in a resource-poor environment, we provide new insights into the entrepreneurial responses of those confronting chronic adversity. Moreover, we describe why these entrepreneurial responses are unlikely to be sources of competitive advantage for firms but instead serve as sources of inclusive growth in the form of enhanced well-being for the respective entrepreneurs and their communities.
Celestial operator products from the worldsheet
Authors: Adamo Tim , Bu Wei , Casali Eduardo , Sharma Atul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We compute the operator product expansions of gluons and gravitons in celestial CFT from the worldsheet OPE of vertex operators of four-dimensional ambitwistor string theories. Remarkably, the worldsheet OPE localizes on the short-distance singularity between vertex operator insertions which in turn coincides with the OPE limit of operator insertions on the celestial sphere. The worldsheet CFT dynamically produces known celestial OPE coefficients — as well as infinite towers of SL(2, ℝ) descendant contributions to the celestial OPE — without any truncations or approximations. We obtain these results for all helicities and incoming/outgoing configurations. Furthermore, the worldsheet OPE encodes the infinite-dimensional symmetry algebras associated with the conformally soft sectors of gauge theory and gravity. We provide explicit operator realizations of the currents generating these symmetries on ambitwistor space in terms of vertex operators for soft gluons and gravitons, also computing their actions on hard particles of all helicities. Lastly, we show that the worldsheet OPE for momentum eigenstates produces the collinear splitting functions of gluons and gravitons.
On matched asymptotic expansions of backreacting metastable anti-branes
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Niarchos Vasilis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We construct analytically a perturbative supergravity solution that captures the backreaction of a metastable state of anti-branes in the background of a particular modification of the Klebanov-Strassler throat in a long-wavelength approximation. Our solution, which has no unphysical singularities, describes how non-supersymmetric spherical NS5-branes with dissolved anti-D3 brane charge backreact in a fluxed throat geometry. It supports previous claims that there is a well-behaved supergravity description of the metastable state of wrapped NS5-branes proposed years ago by Kachru, Pearson, and Verlinde.
Hadronic molecule model for the doubly charmed state $$ {T}_{cc}^{+} $$
Authors: Agaev S. S. , Azizi K. , Sundu H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The mass, current coupling, and width of the doubly charmed four-quark meson $$ {T}_{cc}^{+} $$

T
cc
+

are explored by treating it as a hadronic molecule $$ {M}_{cc}^{+}\equiv {D}^0{D}^{\ast +} $$

M
cc
+

≡

D
0

D

∗
+

. The mass and current coupling of this molecule are calculated using the QCD two-point sum rule method by including into analysis contributions of various vacuum condensates up to dimension 10. The prediction for the mass m = (4060 ± 130) MeV exceeds the two-meson D0D∗+ threshold 3875.1 MeV, which makes decay of the molecule $$ {M}_{cc}^{+} $$

M
cc
+

to a pair of conventional mesons D0D∗+ kinematically allowed process. The strong coupling G of particles at the vertex $$ {M}_{cc}^{+}{D}^0{D}^{\ast +} $$

M
cc
+

D
0

D

∗
+

is found by applying the QCD three-point sum rule approach, and used to evaluate the width of the decay $$ {M}_{cc}^{+}\to {D}^0{D}^{\ast +} $$

M
cc
+

→

D
0

D

∗
+

. Obtained result for the width Γ = (3.8 ± 1.7) MeV demonstrates that $$ {M}_{cc}^{+} $$

M
cc
+

is wider than the resonance $$ {T}_{cc}^{+} $$

T
cc
+

.
Dressed propagators, fakeon self-energy and peak uncertainty
Authors: Anselmi Damiano 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the resummation of self-energy diagrams into dressed propagators in the case of purely virtual particles and compare the results with those obtained for physical particles and ghosts. The three geometric series differ by infinitely many contact terms, which do not admit well-defined sums. The peak region, which is outside the convergence domain, can only be reached in the case of physical particles, thanks to analyticity. In the other cases, nonperturbative effects become important. To clarify the matter, we introduce the energy resolution ∆E around the peak and argue that a “peak uncertainty” ∆E ≳ ∆Emin ≃ Γf/2 around energies E ≃ mf expresses the impossibility to approach the fakeon too closely, mf being the fakeon mass and Γf being the fakeon width. The introduction of ∆E is also crucial to explain the observation of unstable long-lived particles, like the muon. Indeed, by the common energy-time uncertainty relation, such particles are also affected by ill-defined sums at ∆E = 0, whenever we separate their observation from the observation of their decay products. We study the regime of large Γf, which applies to collider physics (and situations like the one of the Z boson), and the regime of small Γf, which applies to quantum gravity (and situations like the one of the muon).
A Parabolic Harnack Principle for Balanced Difference Equations in Random Environments
Authors: Berger Noam , Criens David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider difference equations in balanced, i.i.d. environments which are not necessary elliptic. In this setting we prove a parabolic Harnack inequality (PHI) for non-negative solutions to the discrete heat equation satisfying a (rather mild) growth condition, and we identify the optimal Harnack constant for the PHI. We show by way of an example that a growth condition is necessary and that our growth condition is sharp. Along the way we also prove a parabolic oscillation inequality and a (weak) quantitative homogenization result, which we believe to be of independent interest.
Inventory management with advance demand information and flexible shipment consolidation
Authors: Ralfs Jana , Kiesmüller Gudrun P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study a stochastic single-item, single-stage inventory system, in which orders from several production facilities are placed at one warehouse. An (R, Q) policy is applied to control the inventory at the warehouse, and orders arrive according to a Poisson process and include a due date such that some information about future demand is available. This advance demand information (ADI) can be used to adapt a time-based shipment consolidation policy applied to replenish stock at the production facilities. We develop a model to incorporate flexible deliveries, indicating that orders can be shipped before their due date if sufficient reserved transportation capacity is available. We derive analytical, approximate expressions for the expected inventory and shipment costs and therefore enable the evaluation of different inventory and shipment policies including outbound transportation capacities. We additionally show how to compute the optimal policy parameters and conduct a detailed numerical study. Our computational experiments indicate that our approximation works extremely well, with an average total cost deviation of 0.20%, and finds optimal policy parameters in more than 90% of our instances. In line with existing research, we can show that ADI leads to large cost reductions. However, the main cause of the cost reduction is the flexible delivery option. To be able to completely utilize this option, even larger safety stocks are obtained compared to systems without ADI, but savings due to a more efficient transportation policy far exceed the cost increase due to higher safety stocks.
Glaukomversorgung in Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer Mitglieder-Umfrage von DOG und BVA: Teil 2: Therapie
Authors: Wolfram Christian , Schuster Alexander K. 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Therapieoptionen beim Glaukom sind vielfältig. Das ruft die Frage hervor, welche Verfahren sich in der Alltagsversorgung als praktikabel und sinnvoll erweisen. Unter den Mitgliedern der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (DOG) und des Berufsverbands der Augenärzte Deutschlands (BVA) wurde eine anonymisierte Befragung durchgeführt, um die aktuelle Versorgungspraxis für Deutschland abzubilden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese Publikation gibt ein Meinungsbild unter der deutschen Augenärzteschaft wieder zur aktuellen Glaukomversorgung, Therapiestrategien und der Rolle der Glaukomchirurgie.

Material und Methoden
Die Befragung wurde durch einen Online-Fragebogen mit 26 Fragen (107 Antwort-Items) zur praktizierten Glaukomversorgung durchgeführt. Vollständige Fragebögen lagen von 1361 Personen vor.

Ergebnisse
84,8 % der Befragten formulieren einen Zieldruck „häufig“ bis „eher häufig“. Einen systemischen Therapieansatz verfolgen 44,9 %. Zwei Drittel der Befragten stellen eine Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität durch Nebenwirkungen von Augentropfen fest, wovon konjunktivale Rötung und Brennen am häufigsten sind. Durchschnittlich schätzen Augenärzte 32 % der Patienten als non-adhärent in ihrer Therapie ein. Bei 5–10 % der Patienten erfolgt eine glaukomchirurgische Therapie. Unter den interventionellen Therapieverfahren halten über 90 % die Trabekulektomie für sinnvoll, gefolgt von minimal-invasiven Operationsverfahren (MIGS) und der selektiven Lasertrabekuloplastik (SLT). MIGS und SLT werden jedoch am häufigsten durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei der Wahl der Therapieoption gilt es, die gewünschte Dauerhaftigkeit der Drucksenkung mit der Praktikabilität und Zumutbarkeit der Verfahren zu harmonisieren. Dem Wunsch nach mehr Übersicht und Struktur der Glaukomversorgung sollte Rechnung getragen werden.
Blocking autophagy with chloroquine aggravates lipid accumulation and reduces intracellular energy synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, both contributing to its anti-proliferative effect
Authors: Xu Fengming , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Dirsch Olaf , Dahmen Uta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine enhances the effect of targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitor in liver cancer. We would like to further understand the specific mechanism by which chloroquine inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells.

Methods
We used a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) as cell culture model. In contrast to the control groups (treated only with complete medium), cells in experimental groups were treated either with complete medium + 40 ng/ml Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), or with complete medium + 60 μM chloroquine or with complete medium + 40 ng/ml HGF + 60 μM chloroquine for 24 h. Cell number and ATP content were investigated using spectrophotometric assays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell morphological alterations were examined by Giemsa and H&E staining. Cellular lipid content was determined by Oil Red O staining and Triglyceride quantification assay. Autophagy-related proteins (LC3B and p62) and hepatocyte proliferation-related protein (S6K1) were examined using western blot. The autophagic flux of cells was assessed by mRFP-EGFP-LC3 transfection assay.

Results
We found that chloroquine inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, as evidenced by a decrease in cellular ATP content, Ki-67 and S6K1 protein expression and a reduction in cell number. This finding was associated with an increase in lipid content. As expected, chloroquine inhibited autophagy of HepG2 cells, as evidenced by the accumulation of LC3B-II and the significant upregulation of p62. mRFP-EGFP-LC3 transfection assay showed that indeed chloroquine blocked the autophagic flux in HepG2 cells.

Conclusion
Chloroquine impaired proliferation of HepG2 cells might be due to intracellular accumulation of lipids and inhibition of energy synthesis.
Dissipative probability vector fields and generation of evolution semigroups in Wasserstein spaces
Authors: Cavagnari Giulia , Savaré Giuseppe , Sodini Giacomo Enrico 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce and investigate a notion of multivalued $$\lambda $$
λ
-dissipative probability vector field (MPVF) in the Wasserstein space $$\mathcal {P}_2({\textsf {X} })$$

P
2

(
X
)

of Borel probability measures on a Hilbert space $${\textsf {X} }$$
X
. Taking inspiration from the theories of dissipative operators in Hilbert spaces and of Wasserstein gradient flows for geodesically convex functionals, we study local and global well posedness of evolution equations driven by dissipative MPVFs. Our approach is based on a measure-theoretic version of the Explicit Euler scheme, for which we prove novel convergence results with optimal error estimates under an abstract stability condition, which do not rely on compactness arguments and also hold when $${\textsf {X} }$$
X
has infinite dimension. We characterize the limit solutions by a suitable Evolution Variational Inequality (EVI), inspired by the Bénilan notion of integral solutions to dissipative evolutions in Banach spaces. Existence, uniqueness and stability of EVI solutions are then obtained under quite general assumptions, leading to the generation of a semigroup of nonlinear contractions.