bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of different application techniques on microhardness in bulk-fill composite resins
Authors: Fidan Muhammet , Gönder Hakan Yasin 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different application techniques on microhardness in one universal resin material and three different bulk-fill composite resin materials.
Materials and Methods: In this study, one universal composite resin (Universal Restorative 200 [U], 3M-ESPE, USA) and three different bulk-fill composite resins (Filtek-One Bulk-Fill Restorative [F]; 3M-ESPE, USA: Tetric Evo-Ceram Bulk-Fill [E]; and Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill [N], Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) materials were used. A total of 60 disk-shaped samples, including 20 samples from each bulk-fill composite resin group, were prepared. The polymerization of the bulk-fill composite resins in one group was completed using a 2 mm (40 sec) + 2 mm (40 sec) incremental technique, and in the other group, it was completed using a 4 mm bulk technique (40 sec). The U composite resin (control group) polymerization was completed using a 2 mm + 2 mm (40 sec) incremental technique (n = 10). The Vickers microhardness (VHN) values ​​of the samples were calculated. The data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.05).
Results: Higher VHN values ​​were found in the U composite resin compared to those in the bulk-fill composite resins (p < 0.05). In the bulk technique, a lower VHN value ​​was observed in the N bulk-fill composite resin than in the control group (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between the N and E composite resin groups (p > 0.05). A lower N bulk-fill composite resin was observed in the groups in which the incremental technique was applied than in the control group (p < 0.05). When the techniques applied to the bulk-fill composite resins were evaluated within themselves, higher VHN values ​​were observed in the E composite resin in the group in which the incremental technique was applied but not in the group in which the bulk was applied.
Conclusion: It was observed that the content differences of composite resins were effective at different VHN values. The U composite resin (control) group showed higher VHN values than all the bulk-fill composite groups.

How to cite this article: Fidan M, Gönder HY. Investigation of the effect of different application techniques on microhardness in bulk-fill composite resins. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):32-7. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.6

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The effect of mesenchymal stem cells, demineralized bone graft and platelet-rich plasma on osteogenesis in rat tibia defects
Authors: Erdoğmuş Zozan , Gülsün Belgin 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Deformities of the jaw and face are often caused by infection, inflammation, and cystic and neoplastic pathological conditions. Defects with various aetiologies should be repaired promptly using the most appropriate approach to reconstruct the anatomical form. To treat defects, bone grafts with various combinations have been used. In particular, combinations including cellular products to enhance osteogenic properties have been implemented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different materials and cells on bone defects by using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are thought to have a positive effect on healing, demineralized bone graft (DMB) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
Methodology: We used 55 female rats weighing between 200-250 g, four of which were used to obtain platelet-rich plasma. The remaining animals were divided into five groups. Group I (n = 6) was the operative control group, Group II (n = 24) was given DMB, Group III (n = 24) was given DMB+PRP, Group IV (n = 24) was given MSC+DBG and Group V (n = 24) was given DMB+PRP+MSC applied to rat tibial defects (10 mm x 3 mm x 2 mm).
Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in bone osteoblastic activity in tibia defects among the groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Bone regeneration was significantly improved in groups where MSCs were used in combination with DMB and PRP.

How to cite this article: Erdoğmuş Z, Gülsün B. The effect of mesenchymal stem cells, demıneralızed bone graft and platelet-rıch plasma on osteogenesıs ın rat tıbıa defects. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):47-55. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.8

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
A prospective evaluation of strength and endurance of ankle dorsiflexors-plantar flexors after conservative management of lateral malleolar fractures
Authors: Ekinci Mehmet , Birisik Fevzi , Ersin Mehmet , Şahinkaya Türker , Öztürk İrfan 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate patients with conservatively treated stable lateral malleolar fractures with isokinetic tests.
Patients and methods: Between January 2016 and November 2017, a total of 24 patients (12 males, 12 females; mean age 40.8±15.0 years; range, 18 to 68 years) with an isolated stable lateral malleolar fracture treated conservatively with the circular cast were included in this prospective study. Calf circumferences, ankle range of motion (ROM), pain levels, and functional outcomes were recorded. The muscle strengths and endurance of the injured side were compared with the non-injured side. All patients were evaluated by isokinetic test after removal of the cast, and three and six months after the rehabilitation period.
Results: The ROM was found to be lower after removal of the plaster cast, compared to the contralateral ankle. During cast removal, we also found that both dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscle strength decreased by 25.6% and 44.7%, respectively, and decreased to 10.3% and 3.6% at three months post-rehabilitation. At the end of six months, no statistically significant difference was found between the two sides. In the dorsiflexion-plantar flexion endurance values, 37.8% and 54.1% deficit were detected before the rehabilitation protocol, respectively (p<0.05). At three months, these values decreased to 6.1% and 13.6%, respectively and the endurances of the injured sides surpassed the non-injured sides (p<0.05) at six months.
Conclusion: Conservative management of stable isolated lateral malleolar fractures with circular cast causes atrophy and decreases strength-endurance of the calf muscles due to immobilization. These changes are expected to diminish over time and functional outcomes are excellent with a good rehabilitation program.
Comparison of the effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy and supervised exercises with neuromuscular inhibition technique in lateral epicondylitis: A randomized-controlled t
Authors: Çorum Mustafa , Başoğlu Ceyhun , Yavuz Hadi , Aksoy Cihan 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) and supervised exercises with neuromuscular inhibition (NMI) technique in improving pain, function, and grip strength in the treatment of patients with lateral epicondylitis (LE).
Patients and methods: A total of 50 patients with LE (11 males, 30 females; median age: 46 years; range, 23 to 57 years) whose symptoms persisted for at least three months between February 2015 and August 2015 were included in the prospective, randomized-controlled, clinical study. The patients were divided into two groups as the rESWT group (n=25) receiving a total of three rESWT sessions (once per week with 1.8 bar pneumatic pressure, 10 Hz frequency, and with 2,000 pulses) and the exercise group (n=25) receiving supervised exercises with NMI (three times per week for three weeks). Pain and function were evaluated using Visual Analog Scale, the total Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation, the Roles and Maudsley score, while the grip strength was evaluated using a hand dynamometer at one and three months after treatment compared to baseline.
Results: A significant improvement was observed in all outcome criteria at one and three months after treatment, compared to baseline, in both the rESWT and exercise groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of the changes in the outcome criteria between the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The rESWT seems to provide no significantly superior benefit than supervised exercises with NMI at least until the three months in the treatment of LE.
Effectiveness of mirror therapy on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and depression in post-stroke depression patients
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang Yi , Liu Yu , Yao Qiujin 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb function, activities of daily living (ADLs), and depression in post-stroke depression patients.
Patients and methods: Between November 2018 and December 2019, a total of 60 post-stroke patients (33 males, 27 females; mean age: 58.45±11.13 years; range, 35 to 88 years) were included. The patients were randomly divided into either the cosntrol group (n=30) or the MT group (n=30). Regular occupational therapy was provided for the control group (two times per day for 30 min per session, five times per week over four weeks). Occupational therapy and MT were used to treat patients in the mirror group (one 30 min session once per day, five times per week over four weeks). Motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, FMA-UE), ADL (Modified Barthel Index, MBI) and depression (17-item Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD-17) were used to evaluate the treatment outcomes.
Results: Before treatment, the mean HAMD-17, FMA-UE, and MBI scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). After treatment, the mirror group exhibited more significant improvements than the control group in terms of the mean HAMD-17, FM-UE, and MBI (p<0.05). After four weeks, the mean FMA-UE and MBI scores revealed more significant improvements than the baseline scores in the control group (p<0.01). The mean HAMD-17, FMA-UE, and MBI scores showed more significant improvements than the baseline scores in the MT group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on these results, MT can effectively improve motor function, ADLs, and depression in post-stroke depression patients. The curative effectiveness of MT seems to be more prominent than the regular occupational therapy.
Assessment of the frequency of tarsal tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kalçık Ünan Mehtap , Ardıçoğlu Özge , Pıhtılı Taş Nevsun , Aydoğan Baykara Rabia , Kamanlı Ayhan 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
Patients and methods: Thirty RA patients (1 male, 29 females; mean age: 41.9±10.1 years; range, 26 to 65 years) who met the American College Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria and 20 healthy volunteers (1 male, 19 females; mean age: 39.3±10.8 years; range, 26 to 60 years) without any complaints between August 2006 and October 2007 were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of the study group were assessed and neurological examinations were performed. The Tinel’s sign was checked to provoke the TTS symptoms. Disease severity was measured using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The health-related quality of life and disability status were determined using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Short Form 36 (SF-36), Foot Function Index (FFI), and VAS (0-100 mm). The positional relationship of the foot pain was questioned with VAS. The 100-m walking distance of the patient and control groups were calculated.
Results: Bilateral TTS was detected in 10 of the patients (33.3%) with rheumatoid arthritis. No relationship with the TTS disease duration, seropositivity, rheumatoid nodule, joint deformities, corticosteroid use, and DAS28 score were found. In correlation with TTS, foot and ankle joint were the first involved joints at the beginning of RA disease (p<0.005). The Tinel’s sign was found to be 45% positive in patients with TTS. The 100-m walking time was significantly longer in RA patients compared to the control group (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Tarsal tunnel syndrome is commonly seen in RA and its incidence increases in patients with primary foot involvement. Therefore, caution should be taken against the entrapment neuropathies in these patients, and they should be supported by electrophysiological practices, when the diagnosis is necessary.
Assessment of lower limb peripheral nerves with ultrasound in patients with traumatic amputation
Authors: Karabay İlkay , Demir Yasin , Köroğlu Özlem , Gümrük Aslan Sefa , Aydemir Koray , Gürçay Eda 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aims to assess the sciatic nerve (SN), common peroneal nerve (CPN), and tibial nerve (TN) by ultrasound in patients with traumatic lower limb amputation (LLA) and to examine the possible relationship between ultrasonographic and clinical findings.
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 33 male patients (mean age: 36.6±8.7 years; range, 21 to 48 years) who had LLA due to traumatic injury between May 2019 and April 2020. Amputation and prosthesis use and functional K level of activity were recorded. Ultrasound examinations were performed to measure the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the SN, CPN, and TN bilaterally at the same levels. The values from the normal sides were accepted as controls.
Results: The CSA values were greater on the amputated sides than the non-amputated sides for SN (p=0.001), TN (p=0.001), and CPN (p=0.015), regardless of the activity level. The amputated side SN (p=0.001), TN (p=0.001), and CPN (p=0.016) were thicker in patients with level of K4 activity than the non-amputated side. For the patients with K3 activity level, larger TN CSA values were determined on the amputated side, compared to those at the K4 level (p=0.035). The SN was found to be greater in patients using microprocessor-controlled knee prosthesis (p=0.032) and TN was larger in hypobaric sealing membrane users on the amputated sides (p=0.041).
Conclusion: The SN, CPN, and TN were found to be larger in all patients on the amputated sides and in patients with K4 activity level. Based on these findings, the K3 activity level and the use of hypobaric sealing membrane seems to affect the CSA values of TN. Additionally, the use of microprocessor knee prosthesis affects the CSA values of SN. We believe that these results may be essential for the analysis or prediction of lower extremity nerve involvement according to the K activity level and the use of prosthesis in patients with traumatic LLA.
ANALISA MEDIA SIBER ZINETFLIX SEBAGAI MEDIA ALTERNATIF TENTANG FILM DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Resmadi Idhar 
Published: January 2022

Perubahan teknologi digital membuat setiap media mesti berkonvergensi mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Zines adalah sebuah media cetak alternatif yang tumbuh dan berkembang dalam ranah subkultur atau komunitas. Zines dianggap sebagai sebuah media alternatif yang banyak memberikan informasi di luar jalur media massa mainstream. Karakteristik zines yaitu sabagai sebuah media berbasis komunitas, anti-mainstream, dan menawarkan format yang eksperimen dibandingkan dengan media konvensional. Zinetflix merupakan sebuah platform media zines digital yang dibuat oleh Netflix melalui pemanfaatan media sosial Instagram. Dalam hal ini, Zinetflix merupakan upaya komunikasi Netflix untuk bisa membangun interaksi dengan pelaku industri film di Indonesia dalam menyajikan informasi seputar film Indonesia terutama di era digital sekarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus yang akan diangkat yaitu “Zinetflix” yang dirancang oleh penyedia konten film Netflix. Proses pengambilan data yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Hasil yang ingin dibahas dari penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana transformasi media siber Zinetflix yang memanfaatkan zines yang inovatif di media sosial dalam menyebarkan informasi tentang film di Hari Film Nasional 2020.

Kata kunci: Netflix, Zines, Zines Digital, Media Siber
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pediatrics
Authors: Coronel-Martínez Diana , Augusto Moya-Barquín Luis 
Published: January 2022

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) disproportionately affect young people, with more than half of the infections occurring in 15- to 25-year-olds, although as an age group they constitute only 25% of the sexually active population. Adolescents have been considered as a key and vulnerable population; adolescents are considered as marginalized populations (i.e., poor access to adequate health services, social and parental acceptance, stigmatization, among others. Every year, 87 million new cases of gonorrhea are reported worldwide in the population from 15 to 49 years old. In 2016, the estimated global prevalence of CT in 15-to 49-year-old women was 3.8% and in men 2.7%, with regional values ranging from 1.5 to 7.0% in women and 1.2 to 4.0% in men. The worldwide prevalence of HSV-2 among 15–49-year old is 11.3% and for HSV-1 among 0–49-year-old is 67%. These numbers alert us about the increase in the frequency of these diseases among young populations; more open sexual behavior could be an important factor for this increase; the treatment of these diseases is challenging due to the difficulties with detection and treatment; in the case of gonorrhea, it could become a major public health problem due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance; in the case of Chlamydia, despite the effective treatment, reinfection is still a possibility and for genital herpes, the disease can be controlled but not cured. This chapter will describe the most important aspects of these three diseases for supporting the clinicians and researchers about the management of sexually transmitted diseases in the adolescent population.
A Comprehensive Review on Available/Existing Renewable Energy Systems in Malaysia and Comparison of Their Capability of Electricity Generation in Malaysia
Authors: Nabipour Afrouzi Hadi , Pamodha Wimalaratna Yuhani , Ahmed Jubaer , Mehranzamir Kamyar , Chuin Liew San , Wooi Chin-Leong , Mobin Siddiquea Bazlul 
Published: January 2022

Malaysia is one of the fastest emerging and developing countries in the world. To drive the economical workhorse, large amounts of power is required. The power demand has risen to 156,003 GWh per year in the year 2016, almost 30,000 GWh more than 5 years prior. Fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil, and diesel have been the driving force powering Malaysia’s grids. However, these resources will not last forever, and they do harm to our environment. To counter this, renewable energy (RE) projects have been constructed all around Malaysia. This paper discusses on available and existing renewable energy systems (single/hybrid) in Malaysia and provides a comparison of their electricity generation capabilities. The renewable energy sources that are covered in this paper include Solar, Hydropower, Biomass, Tidal and Geothermal. At the moment, hydropower is the largest renewable energy producer, contributing to almost 15% of the country’s total energy generation. A lot of resources have been channeled towards the initiative of hydropower and it has definitely borne much fruit. This is followed by Solar Energy. Even though it is not as successful as hydropower, there is still a lot of avenues for it to grow in a tropical country like this. Malaysia is still relatively new in terms of power generation using biomass sources. There has been a gradual increase in the power generation using biofuels through the years and its future does look bright. Energy generation from wind, tidal, and geothermal sources has been rather challenging. Because of Malaysia’s geographical location, it experiences slow winds on average throughout the year. This has led to insufficient output for its financial input. Besides that, Malaysia also has relatively low tide, if compared to other Asian countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines. This contributed to the failure of tidal energy in Malaysia, but there have been signs of locations that can be suitable for this energy generation. Besides that, the country’s first geothermal power plant project failed due to a lack of preparation and discipline during the project’s execution. There is a high initial cost for geothermal projects, and the chances of failure are high if the necessary precautions are not followed. This could be one of the reasons why this branch of renewable energy has not been explored deeply.
Educación superior en comunicación audiovisual
Authors: López-Golán Mónica , Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Puentes-Rivera Iván 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: En el contexto de pandemia que vivimos, el sistema universitario español ha tratado de garantizar la calidad docente implementando nuevas metodologías ajustadas a las modalidades de docencia híbrida y online. Teniendo en cuenta esta premisa, la investigación pretende determinar cuáles han sido los principales retos para la teledocencia en la facultad de Ciencias de Comunicación de la Universidad de A Coruña y cómo se ha adaptado su alumnado al entorno de enseñanza no presencial.
Metodología: La investigación está orientada al método descriptivo basado en el estudio de caso. El instrumento metodológico utilizado para la recolección de información es un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas que giran en torno a cuatro bloques temáticos: recursos metodológicos usados en la modalidad de enseñanza virtual, ventajas y desventajas de la docencia online, propuestas de mejora detectadas durante el período de pandemia y la importancia de la presencialidad en la formación en comunicación audiovisual.
Resultados: Las herramientas tecnológicas han desempeñado un papel fundamental como facilitadoras de nuevas metodologías en el proceso de enseñanza virtual dentro del contexto analizado. El contenido audiovisual de apoyo a través de la plataforma de la universidad o las sesiones teóricas grabadas disponibles en cualquier momento son los recursos mejor valorados por el alumnado de la facultad. Por su parte, el 45% de los docentes reconoce tener carencias competenciales más o menos acusadas en nuevas tecnologías y el 47% afirma haber detectado necesidades en el alumnado en torno a habilidades transversales como la autonomía.