bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The centrality of student-generated representation in investigating generalizations about the operations
Authors: Schifter Deborah , Russell Susan Jo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the nature of student-generated representations that support students’ early algebraic reasoning in the realm of generalized arithmetic. We analyzed representations created by students for the following qualities: representations that distinguish the behavior of one operation from another, that support an explanation of a specific case of a generalization, and that support justification of a generalization. One key finding is that representations in the form of pictures, diagrams, arrangements of manipulatives, or story contexts that embody the meaning of the operation(s) allow students to distinguish between operations. Such representations can be used by young students to illustrate relationships conveyed in specific instances of a general claim. Further, extending these representations to class of numbers is a mechanism for proving a general claim.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Yasui Ryota , Matsui Atsuka , Sekine Keisuke , Okamoto Satoshi , Taniguchi Hideki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor safe regenerative medicines, contaminated or remaining tumorigenic undifferentiated cells in cell-derived products must be rigorously assessed through sensitive assays. Although in vitro nucleic acid tests offer particularly sensitive tumorigenicity-associated assays, the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) detectability is partly constrained by the small input amount of RNA per test. To overcome this limitation, we developed reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays that are highly gene specific and robust against interfering materials. LAMP could readily assay microgram order of input sample per test and detected an equivalent model of 0.00002% hiPSC contamination in a simple one-pot reaction. For the evaluation of cell-derived total RNA, RT-LAMP detected spiked-in hPSCs among hPSC-derived trilineage cells utilizing multiple pluripotency RNAs. We also developed multiplex RT-LAMP assays and further applied for in situ cell imaging, achieving specific co-staining of pluripotency proteins and RNAs. Our attempts uncovered the utility of RT-LAMP approaches for tumorigenicity-associated assays, supporting practical applications of regenerative medicine.
Graphical Abstract
Sequential Pretreatment of Wheat Straw: Liquid Hot Water Followed by Organosolv for the Production of Hemicellulosic Sugars, Lignin, and a Cellulose-Enriched Pulp
Authors: Serna-Loaiza Sebastián , Adamcyk Johannes , Beisl Stefan , Miltner Martin , Friedl Anton 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complete valorization of the lignocellulosic fractions plays a fundamental role in biorefineries’ sustainability. One of the major challenges is finding technological configurations that allow using cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin simultaneously. Cellulose has been extensively studied, yet, hemicellulose and lignin remain as platforms to be valorized. Sequential pretreatments have shown an opportunity to valorize the latter two components into sugar-rich and lignin-rich fractions. After the sequential pretreatment, a solid fraction enriched in cellulose could still be used for paper production. This work consisted of pretreating wheat straw with a sequential Liquid-Hot-Water/Organosolv, characterizing the respective hemicellulosic sugar and lignin extracts, and evaluating the final cellulose-enriched pulp for papermaking. Different pretreated pulp/cellulose pulp formulations were used for paper production as a proof-of-concept. Tensile strength and bursting pressure of the papers were measured. After pretreatment, the calculated solid composition was 70%wt cellulose, 26%wt hemicellulose, and 4%wt lignin, with extraction yields of 5.1%, 51.3%, and 89.9%, respectively. The tested pulp formulations showed similar tensile index and bursting index values at 10/90 (77.1 Nm/g, 3189 kPa) and 20/80 (63 Nm/g, 2419 kPa) %wt pretreated pulp/pulp when compared to the pulp (77 Nm/g, 4534 kPa). This proof-of-concept of the papermaking showed the potential of the LHW-OS pretreated wheat straw as a replacement for pure cellulose pulp and encourages studying other substitutes such as unbleached pulp or further treating the LHW-OS pretreated wheat straw. In addition, the hemicellulosic sugars and lignin extract can be valorized, indicating an option for developing a biorefinery concept.
Graphical Abstract
New approach for the digital reconstruction of complex mine faults and its application in mining
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wang Zeliang , Jiang Yaodong , Song Jiaqi , Jia Meina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVisualization of complex geological structures can technically support the accurate prediction and prevention of coal mine disasters. This study proposed a new digital reconstruction method to visualize geological structures based on establishing a virtual model in the digital twin system. This methodology for the digital reconstruction of complex fault structures comprises the following four aspects: (1) collection and fidelity of multi-physical field data of the fault structures, (2) the transmission of multi-physical field data, (3) the normalization of multi-physical field data, and (4) digital model reconstruction of fault structures. The key scientific issues of this methodology to be resolved include in situ fidelity of multi-field data and normalized programming of multi-source data. In addition, according to the geological background and conditions in Da’anshan coal mine in western Beijing, China, a preliminary attempt is made to reconstruct a digital model of fault and fold structures using the methodology proposed in this study.
Effect of narrow-banded blue LED device on host plant settlement by greenhouse whitefly and currant-lettuce aphid
Authors: Niemann Jan-Uwe , Poehling Hans-Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManipulating phytophagous insects with light-based repelling techniques has shown its potential to be a useful tool in integrated pest management systems in the future. Underlying optical mechanisms can be applied in field and in protected cultivation, with reflecting materials or emitting light sources, such as LEDs. Many pest insects are characterised by their cryptic lifestyle to avoid intervening pest protection measurements. In addition, there is a high degree of resistance mechanisms against insecticides in certain species. The idea of most light-repelling techniques is to reduce the immigration and the settlement of pest species on hostplants before population growth even starts. We conducted experiments with narrow-banded blue LEDs arranged around the plants and emitting radiation towards the sky. For compact rosette Lactuca sativa and upright-branched Euphorbia pulcherrima, we tested the suitability of the measure on settlement of Trialeurodes vaporariorum in 2 choice experiments. In further choice experiments with reduced number of untreated plants, T. vaporariorum and Nasonovia ribisnigri were evaluated for the effect on hostplant settlement of the light barrier on lettuce plants under more practical conditions. The light barrier shows high repellent impact on hostplant settlement by greenhouse whitefly, independent of different plant architectures. The modified choice experiment showed strong decrease in hostplant settlement for greenhouse whitefly. For currant-lettuce aphid, tendencies are shown, but no statistical effect could be demonstrated. Possible applications and differences between the insect species used for the experiments are discussed.
Seismogenic structure beneath the northern Longitudinal Valley revealed by the 2018–2021 Hualien earthquake sequences and 3-D velocity model
Authors: Huang Hsin-Hua , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study uses the 3D crustal velocity model and the relocated earthquake hypocenters, including the 2018–2021 earthquake sequences, to re-assess the seismogenic structures at the northern Longitudinal Valley. Earthquake focal mechanisms and relocated hypocenters from earthquake clusters suggest a gentle west-dipping fault existing under the Longitudinal Valley and the Coastal Range. Earthquake clusters associated with this west-dipping fault indicate it develops along the base of high-velocity Central Range metamorphic rocks and is likely branched out from the previously recognized Central Range Fault (CRF). Both the 3D velocity model and the geometry of earthquake clusters suggest this structure truncates the Longitudinal Valley Fault north of 23.7° N, separating the northernmost LVF into the shallow and the deep segments. The shallow segment then plausibly evolves to be a transpressional fault system that mainly accommodates the left-lateral motions. This interpretation coincides with the geomorphological and geodetic observations showing that the northern LVF is dominated by the left-lateral faulting, instead of showing a significant reverse component as in the southern Longitudinal Valley. The limited fault width and geometry of the shallow LVF segment also imply its seismic potential is relatively limited, while the underling west-dipping fault and the deeper segment of the LVF are the major seismogenic structure. Such development of the major CRF-related west-dipping structure could accommodate the northwestward subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate and also likely reactivate part of the Offshore Eastern Taiwan Thrust Belt.
Factors related to Israeli orthopedic surgery residents' career plans and their views on arthroplasty as a career
Authors: Masarwa Rawan , Yonai Yaniv , Steinfeld Yaniv , Natan Merav Ben , Berkovich Yaron 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Due to the aging of the population and increased longevity, there is a rising demand for orthopedic surgeons specializing in arthroplasty. In order to address this demand, it is necessary to analyze the available supply of surgeons by exploring the career plans of orthopedic residents.

Aim:
To explore factors related to the career plans of Israeli orthopedic surgery residents and their views on a career in arthroplasty.

Patients and methods:
In this cross-sectional survey, 150 orthopedic surgery residents completed a questionnaire exploring their level of interest in choosing a career in various subspecialties and the factors (intellectual, educational, lifestyle, and economic) that guided their choice.

Results:
The arthroplasty subspecialty was found to be less popular than the orthopedic trauma subspecialty (65.8%), slightly less popular than the sports (55.1%), spine (53.4%), and hand (53.1%) subspecialties, but more popular than the rest of the subspecialties. Intellectual factors being the most important. Residents interested in the arthroplasty subspecialty were guided by similar factors in their choice of subspecialty as those not interested in this subspecialty. No association was found between residents' sociodemographic factors and their level of interest in the arthroplasty subspecialty. However, residents differed in the extent to which different factors guided them in their choice, based on gender and nationality.

Conclusion:
The arthroplasty subspecialty seems to be popular as a career choice among Israeli orthopedic surgery residents, however it does not top the list. Suitable marketing and recruitment strategies should be applied to attract more residents to this subspecialty.

Level of evidence:
IV, cross-sectional survey.

Highlights
Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Role of Implantable Loop Recorder in Secondary Prevention
Authors: Gambino Andrea , Ravetti Emanuele , Naldi Andrea , Russo Riccardo , Molinaro Stefano , Mistretta Francesco , Jorfida Marcella , Castagno Davide , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Cerrato Paolo , Bosco Giovanni , D’Agata Federico , Cicerale Alessandro , Bergui Mauro 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:Background and Aims:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most important cause of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Implantable loop recorder (ILR) demonstrated the highest sensitivity for detecting it. This register was created to confirm the high prevalence of AF in patients after ESUS and to verify possible benefits on clinical outcomes such as TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack)/stroke recurrence and death using ILR.Methods:A total of 278 patients admitted to “Molinette” Hospital in Stroke Unit department between 2011 and 2016, diagnosed with ESUS, underwent ILR implantation if they had at least one risk factor for AF. A total of 165 patients admitted to other departments in the same center for the same pathology, without ILR, represent the control group. We used propensity score to select 132 patients from each group (matching age, sex, CHADS-VASC, and HAS-BLEED baseline characteristics).Results:The detection rate of AF episodes was significantly higher in the ILR group (p < 0.001). No significant protective role of ILR for clinical endpoints was found on univariate analysis, although a trend towards significance has been pointed for the composite outcome of death and ischemic events recurrence (OR 0.52, CI 0.26–1.04, p = 0.06). A protective role of ILR was found for deaths (OR 0.4, CI 0.17–0.94, p 0.03) and for the composite outcome (OR 0.41, CI 0.19–0.87, p 0.02) on multivariate analysis in the best subsets.Conclusion:With our statistical models, we identified a significant clinical benefit from ILR monitoring, evidenced by a trend of less death and TIA/stroke recurrence and relevant ILR protection for prediction of TIA/stroke recurrence.
Afraid of whom?
Authors: Anspach Nicolas M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTaking insights from the fields of psychology and biology, a growing body of scholarship considers the psychophysiological foundations of political attitudes. Subconscious emotional reactions to threat, for example, have been shown to predict socially conservative attitudes toward out-groups. However, many of these studies fail to consider different sources of perceived threat. Using a combination of survey and physiological data, I distinguish between fear of others and fear of authority, finding that threat sensitivity predicts divergent political attitudes depending on the strength of each. Those who are more sensitive to threat from others tend to hold socially conservative attitudes, while those who fear authority generally take more libertarian positions. As sensitivity to threat is at least partially inherited, these findings highlight the genetic role of political predispositions.
Scientists as spies?
Authors: Vogel Kathleen M. , Ben Ouagrham-Gormley Sonia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2008, the Chinese government created the Thousand Talents Program (TTP) to recruit overseas expertise to build up China’s science and technology knowledge and innovation base. Ten years later, in 2018, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announced a new “China Initiative” that aimed to counter the transfer by U.S.-based scientists involved in the TTP of knowledge and intellectual property that could support China’s military and economic might and pose threats to U.S. national security. This initiative launched a number of investigations into major U.S. federal funding agencies and universities and charged several scientists, many of them life scientists, with failing to accurately report their work and affiliations with Chinese entities and illegally transferring scientific information to China. Although the FBI cases demonstrate a clear problem with disclosure of foreign contracts and research integrity among some TTP recipients, they have failed to demonstrate any harm to U.S. national security interests. At the heart of this controversy are core questions that remain unresolved and need more attention: What is required to transfer and develop knowledge to further a country’s science and technology ambitions? And can the knowledge acquired by a visiting scientist be easily used to further a country’s ambitions? Drawing on literature from the field of science and technology studies, this article discusses the key issues that should be considered in evaluating this question in the Chinese context and the potential scientific, intelligence, and policy implications of knowledge transfer as it relates to the TTP.
NEW OPTIMAL LINEAR CODES OVER
Authors: TANG HOPEIN CHRISTOFEN , SUPRIJANTO DJOKO 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present novel approaches for constructing linear codes over
$\mathbb {Z}_{4}$
from the known ones. We obtain new linear codes, many of which are optimal. In particular, we find all optimal codes of type
$4^{k_{1}}2^{k_{2}}$
for
$k_{1}=2,~k_{2}=0$
and many optimal codes for
$k_{1}=3,~k_{2}=0.$
Physiology, yield, and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated upland rice cultivars subjected to water stress at and after flowering
Authors: Quiloango-Chimarro Carlos Alberto , Coelho Rubens Duarte , Heinemann Alexandre Bryan , Gómez Arrieta Rafael , Gundim Alice da Silva , França Ana Carolina Ferreira 
Published: June 2022

SummaryWater scarcity due to global warming can increase the water demand for upland rice at critical stages of crop development. However, there is little research on cultivar responses to this scenario and technologies that enhance water use efficiency (WUE). To determine the influence of water stress at and after flowering stages of drip-irrigated upland rice cultivars on physiology, yield, and WUE, a shelter experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement of treatments. Three modern and one traditional cultivar were subjected to five irrigation managements: 100% of the field capacity considered the reference management (RM), 70 and 40% of the RM at the flowering stage, and 70 and 40% of the RM at the grain-filling stage. In general, the modern cultivars tended to maintain higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf water potential, and lower crop water stress index compared to the traditional cultivar under water stress. The WUE decreased for all cultivars under severe stress, averaging 0.55 and 0.62 kg m−3when stress occurred at flowering and grain-filling, respectively, whereas moderate stress imposed at grain-filling maintained WUE for all cultivars, averaging 1.21 kg m−3. In addition, grain yield (GY) showed a similar variation trend under drought stress as WUE, and its reduction was mainly associated with low filled grain percentage. Among the five irrigation treatments, both GY and WUE were the highest in the RM; the best cultivar recorded 9.3 Mg ha−1and 1.62 kg m−3, respectively. Findings suggest that attending to the full water demand under precision drip irrigation and appropriate cultivar selection can enhance upland rice production at significant levels.
Basin Mass Changes in Finland From GRACE: Validation and Explanation
Authors: Jiao Jiashuang , Pan Yuanjin , Bilker‐Koivula Mirjam , Poutanen Markku , Ding Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe signal leakage effect in the use of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level‐2 products limits the accuracy of the mass inversion, especially in small spatial scales (less than ∼100,000 km2). In this study, we try to use GRACE observation to evaluate the basin mass changes in Finland, where the basins are quite small (less than 93,000 km2) and the accurate mass inversion is challenging. To this end, we carry out a series of numerical simulation experiments and optimize the parameters of the GRACE inversion methods. We propose a hybrid inversion strategy, which takes the differences of both inversion methods and basins into consideration. This strategy is expected to achieve the statistically optimal estimation of the basin mass changes in Finland with Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency values ranging from 0.82 to 0.92, corresponding to Index Of Agreement values from 0.95 to 0.98. Further, based on ∼19.7 years of real GRACE data, we analyze the seasonal and interannual terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes in Finland. We find that snow plays a key role in the annual cycle of the TWS change. A remarkable phase difference (∼5 months) between TWS and precipitation is mainly attributed to the effects of snow accumulation and melting. We also find that there is an obvious interannual oscillation with a period of ∼3.8 years in the TWS change of Finland, which seems to be a superposition effect of the real hydrological signal and the tide aliasing error.
Effects of Elevation Gradient on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in a Typical Karst Region of Chongqing, Southwest China
Authors: Zhu Guangyu , Zhou Lihua , He Xianjin , Wei Pei , Lin Dunmei , Qian Shenhua , Zhao Liang , Luo Min , Yin Xinhan , Zeng Lian , Long Yuxiao , Hu Siwei , Ouyang Xue , Yang Yongchuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElevation changes create gradients in abiotic factors, which in turn affect soil erosion and carbon cycling. However, how elevation changes control soil ecological processes through temperature and the mechanism that affects the carbon cycle remain unclear. Therefore, we have studied the distribution of temperature, bulk density (BD), soil pH, mean weight diameter (MWD), clay, and diversity of soil fungal community diversity, and discussed the critical factors affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in a typical karst mountainous area. The results showed that the dominant phyla were Ascomycota (42.28%), Mortierellomycota (20.6%), Basidiomycota (17.83%), and Rozellomycota (11.82%). The elevation distributions of MWD, fungal diversity, the rate of SOC and N stocks change per temperature index, and SOC and N stocks all exhibited unimodal patterns. Additionally, temperature, fungal diversity, MWD, BD, and clay were the dominant factors explaining the variability of SOC and N, and SOC and N had a positive relationship with pH, BD, MWD, clay‐silt content, warmth index, and Sobs and Shannon diversity. Analyses showed that the warmth index regulated soil aggregates through fungal diversity and combined with BD to affect carbon sequestration, which was controlled by clay, the C:N ratio, and pH during the process. These conclusions have important implications for improving the SOC sequestration capacity in karst mountainous areas.
Mitophagy in Alzheimer’s disease: Molecular defects and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Mary Arnaud , Eysert Fanny , Checler Frédéric , Chami Mounia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunctions are central players in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, impairments in mitophagy, the process of selective mitochondrial degradation by autophagy leading to a gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria, have also been reported to occur in AD. We provide an updated overview of the recent discoveries and advancements on mitophagic molecular dysfunctions in AD-derived fluids and cells as well as in AD brains. We discuss studies using AD cellular and animal models that have unraveled the contribution of relevant AD-related proteins (Tau, Aβ, APP-derived fragments and APOE) in mitophagy failure. In accordance with the important role of impaired mitophagy in AD, we report on various therapeutic strategies aiming at stimulating mitophagy in AD and we summarize the benefits of these potential therapeutic strategies in human clinical trials.