bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Safety and Efficacy of Intravascular Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Severe Coronary Artery Calcification in 261 Cases: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Tiankun , Yang Honghui , Xu Guian , Li Qingman , Zhu Lijie , Yang Yapan , Yang Tingjie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoronary artery calcification is strongly linked to factors such as advanced age, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. Severe coronary artery calcification significantly elevates the complexity and risk of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), potentially giving rise to complications such as incomplete stent expansion, restenosis, and thrombosis. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), a novel approach, can break up calcified plaques and facilitate stent delivery and expansion. Nevertheless, its comprehensive safety and efficacy in pretreating severe coronary artery calcification lesions remain uncertain, and research data is relatively scarce compared to traditional techniques, especially in the large hospital setting of Henan with a considerable population base.AimsTo retrospectively analyze the safety and efficacy of IVL in the treatment of severe coronary artery calcification in 261 cases.MethodsFrom January 2022 to March 2024, 261 patients with at least one coronary artery lesion diagnosed as severe calcification and undergoing PCI based on IVL in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital were selected for the study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 272 diseased vessels treated with IVL for PCI. The primary endpoint was procedural success, while the main safety endpoints were no cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization within 30 days.ResultsAmong the 261 patients, 234 (89.7%) had acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including 195 (74.7%) with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Various techniques like noncompliant balloon, cutting balloon, and orbital grinding were employed for IVL preparation, and the proportion of direct IVL treatment was 8.8% (24 cases). The minimum lumen area significantly increased from (1.5 ± 0.6) mm² before treatment to (7.2 ± 1.8) mm² after treatment, with an acute gain rate of (243 ± 105)%, (p < 0.001), indicating a statistically significant difference. The primary efficacy endpoint was achieved 100%, and the primary safety endpoint was 2.6%. Perioperative complications were infrequent and were managed successfully.ConclusionsAs a new technology for modifying calcified plaques, the IVL system proves to be safe, effective, and straightforward to operate, offering a new and preferred option for patients with severe coronary calcified lesions, particularly those with ACS.
The Biopsychosocial Health Model Differentiates Long‐Term Exercisers From Non‐Exercisers: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Komáromi Liza , Somogyi Angéla , Szabo Attila 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe biopsychosocial (BPS) model considers that health and behavioral outcomes result from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Regular exercise is an essential component of modern‐day healthy living. All three factors in the BPS model are related to long‐term exercise. Therefore, this cross‐sectional study aimed to compare adults exercising regularly for at least 3 years with their non‐exercising counterparts on perceived health and stress (antagonistic, biopsychological), life satisfaction (psychological), and perceived income (psychosocial) while controlling for age, gender, and education level.MethodsParticipants were 461 Hungarian volunteers (74.83% female) aged 18−73 years. There were 274 regular exercisers and 187 non‐exercisers. They completed the study on the Qualtrics research platform.ResultsA statistically significant (p < 0.001) multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that long‐term exercisers scored lower on perceived stress and higher on perceived health, income, and life satisfaction than non‐exercising adults. Consequently, the three factors of the BPS model differentiated the groups. Still, the effect sizes were relatively small. Finally, perceived stress was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) mediator of life satisfaction.ConclusionThese findings support the idea that long‐term exercise behavior can be studied via the BPS model and the role of stress in life satisfaction. The results have practical implications for promoting a healthy and satisfactory life targeting multi‐level development through exercise based on the BPS model.
Academic Integrity Within the Medical Curriculum in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ekaterina Kldiashvili , Ana Mamiseishvili , Maia Zarnadze 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as GPT‐3, Wordtune, and Jenni, into academic settings has revolutionized content creation, raising significant questions about authorship and originality. While AI offers benefits in efficiency and productivity, it presents substantial challenges to academic integrity. This paper examines these challenges and the need for new frameworks and policies to ensure ethical AI use.Materials and MethodsOur study aims to develop frameworks promoting ethical AI use and safeguarding academic work authenticity. We employed project‐based learning (PBL) methodology to enhance student engagement and academic performance. A total of 179 students participated. PBL involves students in real‐world projects, fostering critical thinking and research skills. Turnitin was used to evaluate the similarity percentage of submitted research papers, with a maximum allowable similarity of 20%.ResultsResults showed that PBL students had higher academic performance (82.5 vs. 66.5) and lower similarity percentages (4.5% vs. 13%) compared to traditional literature review assessments. The use of Turnitin effectively identified AI‐generated content, although it struggled with more sophisticated texts.ConclusionOur findings highlight the effectiveness of PBL in promoting originality and reducing AI‐generated plagiarism. Integrating these methodologies, along with ethical AI education, can help institutions maintain academic integrity while leveraging AI benefits. Future research should refine these strategies to adapt to the evolving educational landscape.
Evaluation of Broccoli Extract for Enhancing Primary Tooth Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mozaffar Sadighe , Karimi Mehrdad , Ismail Ali , Banakar Morteza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDental caries remains highly prevalent among children. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous broccoli extract in enhancing the microhardness of demineralized primary tooth enamel compared to a standard fluoride treatment.MethodsAn in vitro study was conducted using 30 extracted primary second molars, which were sectioned and polished. Baseline enamel microhardness was assessed using a Vickers hardness tester. Demineralization was induced using a cola drink (pH 4.5) for 8 min. The broccoli extract was prepared by air‐drying fresh florets, stems, and leaves at room temperature, followed by aqueous extraction with distilled water and filtration. The samples were randomly assigned to receive a 10‐min treatment with either aqueous broccoli extract (Group B) or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (Group F). Microhardness was measured posttreatment, and percentage changes between time points were compared using statistical analysis.ResultsAfter demineralization, broccoli extract, and fluoride gel significantly improved enamel microhardness. The broccoli extract group exhibited a greater recovery in microhardness (+44.95% vs. +20.78%, p = 0.008) compared to the fluoride gel group. However, the overall reduction in microhardness from baseline to final measurement showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.077).ConclusionAqueous broccoli extract demonstrated comparable overall efficacy to fluoride gel in enhancing demineralized primary tooth enamel microhardness despite showing different patterns of demineralization and recovery. These findings suggest that broccoli extract may be a natural and effective alternative for enhancing enamel remineralization in pediatric caries prevention, warranting further clinical investigation.
The relationship between selenium and viral diseases
Authors: Li Jiali , Lai Jia , Zeng Yuhui , Zhu Bing , Li Yinghua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSelenium (Se) is a trace element that fulfills vital functions in the organism. Over the past few years, numerous studies have revealed the profound connection between Selenium and its therapeutic potential in addressing various viral infectious diseases. Selenium can boost the activity of immune cells and counteract oxidative damage caused by free radicals to prevent the replication of viruses. Studies have shown that Selenium protects against a wide range of viruses such as DNA viruses, hepatitis B virus, RNA viruses, human immunodeficiency virus and coxsackie virus. Selenium is probably one of the research directions for antiviral drugs in the future. This review summarizes the use of Selenium in antiviral therapy and its research progress.
Nurse‐Led Apheresis Service in a Pediatric Restructured Hospital: The Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Anh Pham Thi Ngoc , Zhong Xinni , Lim Siew Ling Yvonne , Periakaruppan Puaness Wari , K. Vijayakumari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTApheresis nurses are well equipped with not only the critical thinking skills but also the important aspects of operating the apheresis machine. As the demand for advanced cellular therapies grew, there was a need to recruit and train more nurses to be competent in apheresis nursing. A new service model was evolved from a physician‐led to a nurse‐led apheresis service, which empowered the apheresis nurses to lead the service. Since the commencement of the nurse‐led service, a total of 32 peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells collections were documented, and the outcomes of the cell yield were tabulated to study the collection efficiency. Ninety‐four percent of the targeted cell yield was achieved with no collections needing beyond 2 days of harvesting. No apheresis‐related major adverse event was reported following the implementation of the new service model too.
Primitive Ewing Sarcoma of Epididymis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Lan , Xu Min , Liu Xianmei , Zhou Shi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe present the case of a 22‐year‐old man with a firm and tender mass in the left scrotum region. Color Doppler ultrasound and radiographic examination (CT and MRI) suggested that the mass arose from the left epididymis without tumor metastasis. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings revealed a chrysanthemum‐like arrangement of round tumor cells, along with strong positive expression of CD99, vimentin, CD117, CD56, and Ki‐67 (70%), supporting the diagnosis of primary epididymal Ewing sarcoma. The patient underwent surgical excision and received 3 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. The patient is recovering satisfactorily, and his follow‐up treatments and condition are being monitored.
A conceptual model for dissolved P mobilization from legacy sources
Authors: Nash D. M. , Mc Dowell R. W. , Kleinman P. J. A. , Moore P. A. , Duncan J. M. , Haygarth P. M. , Smith D. R. , Iho A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExcessive phosphorus (P) concentrations can lead to conditions that limit the amenity of freshwater resources. This problem is particularly acute in agricultural catchments, where P fertilizer and manure amendments have been used to increase soil fertility and productivity. In these catchments, P indices are often used to help target critical source areas in order to reduce P exports. However, the overall impact of agricultural mitigation efforts on receiving waters has not always been consistent with declines in total P exports from catchments. In this paper we propose a model of dissolved P mobilization (i.e., entrainment) in surface runoff that accounts for this outcome and examine modifications to P indices that better accommodate dissolved P mobilization. We suggest that dissolved P mobilization commences near the soil surface and has two phases. When water is first applied, labile P is mostly mobilized by dissolution and advection. Subsequently, as the supply of readily accessible P is exhausted, diffusion and hydrodynamic dispersion mobilize P from other sources at a near constant rate for the remainder of the event. As most P exports occur in larger (i.e., longer) events, the second phase appears responsible for most dissolved P exports. Such a model of dissolved P mobilization is consistent with runoff monitoring data under natural and simulated rainfall, suggesting that on low (shallow) slopes where the interaction between surface soil and water may be prolonged, dissolved P concentrations are likely to be higher. Dissolved P mobilization from low‐slope areas is not well represented in P indices at present. We suggest that there needs to be a more complex, mechanistic structure to P indices that involves additional compartmentalization. Further, we suggest that this can be achieved without losing the simplicity of P indices or flexibility to integrate research data and experiential knowledge into tools that are relevant to specific regions.
Extracellular Histones as Exosome Membrane Proteins Regulated by Cell Stress
Authors: Singh Birendra , Fredriksson Sundbom Marcus , Muthukrishnan Uma , Natarajan Balasubramanian , Stransky Stephanie , Görgens André , Nordin Joel Z. , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , Sandblad Linda , Sidoli Simone , El Andaloussi Samir , Haney Michael , Gilthorpe Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHistones are conserved nuclear proteins that function as part of the nucleosome in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. Interestingly, extracellular histones populate biofluids from healthy individuals, and when elevated, may contribute to various acute and chronic diseases. It is generally assumed that most extracellular histones exist as nucleosomes, as components of extracellular chromatin. We analysed cell culture models under normal and stressed conditions to identify pathways of histone secretion. We report that core and linker histones localize to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are secreted via the multivesicular body/exosome pathway. Upregulation of EV histone secretion occurs in response to cellular stress, with enhanced vesicle secretion and a shift towards a population of smaller EVs. Most histones were membrane associated with the outer surface of EVs. Degradation of EV‐DNA did not impact significantly on EV‐histone association. Individual histones and histone octamers bound strongly to liposomes and EVs, but nucleosomes did not, showing histones do not require DNA for EV binding. Histones colocalized to tetraspanin positive EVs but using genetic or pharmacological intervention, we found that all known pathways of exosome biogenesis acted positively on histone secretion. Inhibition of autophagy and lysosomal degradation had a strong positive effect on EV histone release. Unexpectedly, EV‐associated histones lacked the extensive post‐translational modification of their nuclear counterparts, suggesting loss of PTMs may be involved in their trafficking or secretion. Our data does not support a significant role for EV‐histones existing as nucleosomes. We show for the first time that histones are secreted from cells as membrane proteins via EVs/exosomes. This fundamental discovery provides support for further investigation of the biological activity of exosome associated histones and their role in disease.
Mechanism of Centrosomal Protein 55 (CEP55) Loading Into Exosomes
Authors: Dahlstroem Christian , Barezani Johanna , Li Jing , Sopelniak Kostiantyn , Muhs Stefanie , Schneider Carola , Thünauer Roland , Reimer Rudolph , Windhorst Sabine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUp‐regulation of Centrosomal Protein 55 (CEP55) in cancer cells increases malignancy, and the protein can be transferred via exosomes. However, the mechanism of how CEP55 is delivered to exosomes is unknown. In this study, we addressed this issue and analysed trafficking of EGFP‐CEP55 from early to late endosomes by using high‐resolution microscopy. Our data show that endogenous as well as EGFP‐CEP55 appeared as dot‐like structures in cancer cells. However, we did not find an internalization of CEP55 into early Rab5‐ and late Rab7‐positive endosomes but only into secretory late CD63‐positive endosomes. In addition, an association of the CEP55 dots with the endoplasmic reticulum and with ALG‐2‐interacting protein X (Alix) dots was detected. Moreover, mutation of the CEP55‐Alix interaction site strongly reduced the formation of CEP55 dots as well as CEP55 localization in extracellular vesicles. In summary, our data indicate that delivery of CEP55 into exosomes does not occur by the canonical early‐to‐late endosome pathway but by Alix‐mediated recruitment to secretory late secretory CD63 endosomes.
The sV184A Variant in HBsAg Specific to HBV Subgenotype C2 Leads to Enhanced Viral Replication and Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by PERK‐eIF2α‐CHOP‐Mediated ER Stress
Authors: Choi Yu‐Min , Kim Dong Hyun , Cho Eun Ju , Kim Ziyun , Jang Junghwa , Kim Hyunsoo , Yu Su Jong , Kim Bum‐Joon 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHBV genotype C, particularly subgenotype C2, is associated with an elevated risk of HCC and aggressive disease activity. We previously identified a nonsynonymous sV184A variant in the HBsAg region, predominantly in HBV subgenotype C2. This study investigates the mechanistic role of the sV184A variant in promoting liver disease progression. Analysis of 109 chronically HBV‐infected patients revealed that the sV184A variant correlates with significantly elevated HBV DNA. Both patient data and public database indicated that sV184A is associated with high frequency of BCP mutations, however, the high HBV DNA in the sV184A group are independent of the presence of BCP mutations. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the sV184A variant enhances HBV replication and induces ER stress via the PERK‐eIF2α‐CHOP pathway, leading to apoptosis. HBV large surface (LHB)(LHB) protein was found to be a key factor, responsible for the strong ER stress, as the sV184A variant increases LHB protein stability. Pharmacological inhibition of PERK signaling or mutation of the LHB mitigated HBV proliferation and apoptosis induced by the sV184A variant. The sV184A variant specific to HBV subgenotype C2 significantly promotes HBV replication and apoptosis, serving as a driver of advanced liver disease and potentially increasing mutation rates in affected patients.
Repeated Omicron Infections Overcome T Cell Immune Imprinting to Original SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Li Yunfei , Lu Junyao , He Liheng , Jiang Chengxin , Bao Yujie , Ji Ping , Xu Jie , Chen Yingying , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultiple studies demonstrate the existence of attenuated neutralizing activity to the Omicron variants in the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain vaccinated population undergoing breakthrough infection, which reflects a phenomenon of immune imprinting in humoral immunity. Herein, through designing spike protein peptide pools from four Omicron subvariants and the wild type (WT) counterpart, we intended to determine antiviral T cell immunoreactivity in Omicron‐infected COVID‐19 patients with or without previous vaccination. We have demonstrated that IFN‐γ producing cells against the Omicron subvariants‐derived peptide pools were significantly less than those against WT counterpart peptide pools in the Omicron BA.5/BA.7 infected patients receiving original inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination whereas comparable in the unvaccinated group. Notably, reinfection with the Omicron subvariants restored viral‐specific T cell immunity to the infected Omicron strains in vaccinated individuals. Therefore, similar to humoral immunity vaccination with the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain‐derived vaccines induces T cell immune imprinting when undergoing Omicron subvariants breakthrough infection. Since reinfection of Omicron subvariants can restore T cell immunoreactivity to the infected strains, it is necessary to design multivalent immunogens for vaccine development to overcome both B cell and T cell immune imprinting against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other highly mutant pathogens.
Ultrasonic Vocalization Acoustics After Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury and Recovery
Authors: Morrison Robert , Khan Arlin , Shembel Adrianna C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe lack of well‐defined functional acoustic correlates of vocal fold paralysis in animal models creates challenges for translating basic science studies of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury to patients with vocal fold paralysis. Capitalizing on natural communicative rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), this study aimed to (1) investigate the impact of RLN injury on USV acoustics in both acute and chronic stages of RLN injury and (2) to identify USV parameters with the greatest ecological validity specific to RLN injury.MethodsUSVs were recorded over 2 weeks (acute) in 16 animals and over 30 weeks (chronic) in 8 animals using two USV elicitation paradigms (n = 16 non‐elicited, spontaneous; n = 8 elicited, sexually paired). USV acoustic characteristics from a list of possible parameters (duration, principal frequency, complexity, power, and tonality) were compared across USV elicitation paradigms and time points (before RLN injury, 2 weeks after injury, and 30 weeks after injury).ResultsThe USV parameters most impacted by RLN injury were frequency, power, and tonality, with significant decreases in all three parameters in both non‐elicited/spontaneous and sexually elicited USV elicitation paradigms. All USV parameters were stable across 30 weeks after RLN injury.ConclusionUSV acoustic frequency, power, and tonality best characterize RLN injury and are stable over time, demonstrating their ecological utility in characterizing RLN injury and recovery. Furthermore, their stability can ensure accurate outcome metrics for future studies. Finally, these parameters have direct translation to humans with vocal fold paralysis.Level of EvidenceN/A