bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leg length and bristle density, both necessary for water surface locomotion, are genetically correlated in water striders
Authors: Finet Cédric , Decaras Amélie , Rutkowska Maria , Roux Pascale , Collaudin Samuel , Joncour Pauline , Viala Séverine , Khila Abderrahman 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceWhen organisms access unexploited ecological opportunities, species diversification often follows, yet the mechanisms underlying such transitions are poorly understood. Water striders transited from terrestrial to water surface life some 200 Mya, aided by the evolution of superhydrophobic bristles and increased leg length, both required for standing and moving on water. We identified genes involved in both bristle density and leg length, suggesting that these two traits are genetically correlated. Strikingly, these genes are involved in cell division, thus explaining their dual role in leg growth and bristle density. In addition, we identified molecular changes that account in part for the differences in bristle density across species. We propose that pleiotropy might facilitate diversification by impacting several adaptive traits simultaneously.
Four coupled SYK models and nearly AdS2 gravities: phase transitions in traversable wormholes and in bra-ket wormholes
Authors: Numasawa Tokiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study four coupled Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) models and nearly AdS2 gravities. In the SYK model side, we construct a model that couples two copies of two coupled SYK models. In nearly AdS2 gravity side, we entangle matter fields in two copies of traversable wormholes. In both cases, the systems show first order phase transitions at zero temperature by changing couplings, which is understood as the exchange of traversable wormhole configurations. In nearly AdS2 gravity cases, by exchanging the role of space and time the wormholes are interpreted as bra-ket wormholes. In Lorentzian signature, these bra-ket wormholes lead to two closed universes that are entangled with each other as well as matter fields in the flat space where we do not have dynamical gravity. We study the effect of projection or entangling operation for matters on flat spaces and they cause phase transitions in bra-ket wormholes, which leads to the pair annihilation of closed universes. Using these bra-ket wormholes, we discuss the way to embed states in 2D holographic CFTs into Hilbert space of many 2D free fields.
Maximal strengths of dielectric elastomer fingers for a passive grip
Authors: Chen Fa-Yi , Ren Zhe-Xian , Lau Gih-Keong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures (DEMESs) are useful as low-force robotic grippers; they can sweep a large angle but carry not much load. It was a design dilemma to reinforce the benders without compromising the stroke angle. As a stronger variant of DEMES, a dielectric elastomer (DE) finger can unbend the ‘phalanges’ of a load beam upon activation of the ‘intrinsic muscles’ of the dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). The DE finger used a uniform tendon hood that raises the tension center of a single-layered DEA and thus enhances the moment generation and load capacity. In this work, we further optimize the structural design of a slender DE finger by mimicking the human thumb profile. This thumb-inspired DE finger has a tapered load beam for hood shaping of multi-layered DEAs with a blunter fingertip. This thumb-up profile greatly enhances the passive lift strength (against a tip weight) by 54% as compared to the earlier rectangular design, at the cost of a 13% reduction in the active stroke. Further, it exploited the axial stiffness to achieve an order-greater pull strength as compared to the lift strength. Finally, the optimized DEMES grippers carried a payload well exceeding the lift strength; they managed to pick an apple of nearly ten times the gripper weight. In addition, a foot of three DE toes hung upside-down to a branch of a horizontal tube while supporting a payload of close to ten times the foot’s weight.
Variable range hopping conduction mechanisms in reduced rutile TiO2
Authors: Aghashahi Nooshin , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad Reza , Kameli Parviz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, obtained samples via reducing Rutile TiO2 by Mg are analyzed to determine the titanium suboxide phases and the dominant structural phase in each sample. By increasing the heat treatment temperature or the amount of reducing agent (Mg), the amount of suboxide phases Ti
n
O2n−1 (1 ≤ n < 10) with the lower n values increases, and TiO is the main phase in the samples with a low electrical resistivity. The hopping conduction mechanism is also investigated in the temperature range of 11.5–300 K, and the characteristic parameters describing the conduction mechanism are determined and discussed. For samples with a low electrical resistivity, the nearest neighbor hopping (NNH) conduction mechanism governs the charge transport properties below 220 K, and a transition from the NNH to the Mott-variable range hopping (VRH) conduction regimes is observed at ∼65 K. In addition, the Efros-Shklovskii (ES)-VRH conduction process governs at low temperatures below 18 K, and the last crossover from the Mott-VRH to the ES-VRH models illustrates the strong electron-electron Coulomb interaction, which leads to the Coulomb gap (∼1 meV) at low temperatures. According to the obtained hopping parameters, the low resistivity samples are close to the metal-insulator transition. For samples with a high electrical resistivity, the hopping conduction relations are not fitted to the resistivity-temperature curves, and probably it is related to the resistive switching behavior of the material, which changes the nature and conductivity properties, and is depicted in the current-voltage (I-V) curve.
Cross-sections for the 27Al(γ, x)22Na multichannel reaction with the 28.3 MeV difference of reaction thresholds
Authors: Deiev O.S. , Timchenko I.S. , Olejnik S.N. , Kushnir V.A. , Mytrochenko V.V. , Perezhogin S.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The bremsstrahlung flux-averaged cross-sections

and the cross-sections per equivalent photon

were first measured for the photonuclear multichannel reaction

at end-point bremsstrahlung gamma energies ranging from 35 MeV to 95 MeV. The experiments were performed with the beam from the NSC KIPT electron linear accelerator LUE-40 using the γ-activation technique. The bremsstrahlung quantum flux was calculated with the GEANT4.9.2 program and was also monitored via the

reaction. The flux-averaged cross-sections were calculated using the partial cross-section

values computed with the TALYS1.95 code for different level density models. Consideration is given to special features of calculating the cross-sections

and

for the case of the final nucleus

via several partial channels

:

.
Corticomuscular integrated representation of voluntary motor effort in robotic control for wrist-hand rehabilitation after stroke
Authors: Guo Ziqi , Zhou Sa , Ji Kailai , Zhuang Yongqi , Song Jie , Nam Chingyi , Hu Xiaoling , Zheng Yongping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective.The central-to-peripheral voluntary motor effort (VME) in the affected limb is a dominant force for driving the functional neuroplasticity on motor restoration post-stroke. However, current rehabilitation robots isolated the central and peripheral involvements in the control design, resulting in limited rehabilitation effectiveness. This study was to design a corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and electromyography (EMG)-driven control to integrate the central and peripheral VMEs in neuromuscular systems in stroke survivors.Approach.The CMC-EMG-driven control was developed in a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-robot system, i.e. CMC-EMG-driven NMES-robot system, to instruct and assist the wrist-hand extension and flexion in persons after stroke. A pilot single-group trial of 20 training sessions was conducted with the developed system to assess the feasibility for wrist-hand practice on the chronic strokes (16 subjects). The rehabilitation effectiveness was evaluated through clinical assessments, CMC, and EMG activation levels.Main results.The trigger success rate and laterality index of CMC were significantly increased in wrist-hand extension across training sessions (p< 0.05). After the training, significant improvements in the target wrist-hand joints and suppressed compensation from the proximal shoulder-elbow joints were observed through the clinical scores and EMG activation levels (p< 0.05). The central-to-peripheral VME distribution across upper extremity (UE) muscles was also significantly improved, as revealed by the CMC values (p< 0.05).Significance.Precise wrist-hand rehabilitation was achieved by the developed system, presenting suppressed cortical and muscular compensation from the contralesional hemisphere and the proximal UE, and improved distribution of the central-and-peripheral VME on UE muscles. ClinicalTrials.gov Register Number NCT02117089
X-ray image chain synchronization control scheme design and performance evaluation
Authors: Feng Mingjie , Chen Bin , Kong Lingyi , Wang Fei , Liu Zhaobang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the working principle of the image chain’s imaging system and analyzes the two imaging modes of the X-ray source as well as the two synchronization modes of the flat panel detector, with the goal of completing the design of the image chain’s system imaging. Two schemes of synchronous control of the image chain, hardware control and software control, are achieved on the basis of the design of the image chain’s imaging system. According to the experimental results, the hardware synchronization control, in comparison with the software synchronization control, enormously reduces the X-ray radiation time and the radiation received by the object as well as generating a lower CPU occupancy rate, which improves the safety of the performance of the image chain imaging system. Therefore, it can be concluded that hardware synchronization control is safer and more practical than software synchronization control. Lightweight cone-beam CT can be developed for use in mobile field hospitals and intensive care units to reduce the difficulty of doctors’ operations.
Broadband Directional Coupler with High Isolation
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Zhang Yi , Pan Chenqing , Ma Jingwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel wideband microstrip directional coupler operating at 1 to 5 GHz with high isolation is presented in this paper. Parallel coupling lines replace the traditional coupling transmission lines, providing broadband characteristics. The rectangular defected ground structure (DGS) on the RF ground on the back increases the isolation. The coupler was designed using 3D electromagnetic simulations. FR4-type dielectric substrate has been used due to its low cost. Simulation results prove that the proposed directional coupler provides an isolation of at least 20 dB on the full frequency band from 1 to 5 GHz, and reaches 66 dB at 2.89 GHz. The coupling degree is about 12 dB. Moreover, the proposed design can also achieve wide operating bandwidth (approximately 139% fractional bandwidth).
The optimized design of air heat metering in the fan coil performance test system
Authors: Song JiaFang , Wang Jiao , Sun ZiChuang , Xie JiaWei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the improvement of the level of economic development and the quality of people’s living standards, people’s requirements for air quality also increase. The demand for airconditioning equipment to regulate indoor air quality is also increasing year by year. The resulting high energy consumption and energy waste problems can not be ignored. All we can do is optimize the equipment on an existing basis to minimize energy consumption. In this paper, the automatic humidification device of the wet bulb thermometer is designed to optimize the thermal performance test system of the fan coil unit, improve the quality of the fan coil, and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption.
Design of LED grain image recognition and positioning system
Authors: Huang Zhiyu , Li Luyao , Lu Likun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
LED grain image recognition and location technology is an important technology in LED grain manufacturing and sorting process. Whether the LED grain can be accurately identified and positioned will greatly affect the production speed and efficiency of LED grain. At present, the research on this technology in China is in its infancy. In this paper, a LED grain image recognition and location system based on rectangle detection algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of LED grain image recognition and location. The system uses image grayscale, binarization, edge extraction, contour detection algorithm to process the image of the target image, and uses the matching algorithm and rectangular detection algorithm to identify the LED grain, although the time is short but the accuracy is not enough. Rectangle detection uses two methods to determine contour minima, the getMin() function and the OpenCV library method, using the getMin() function is more appropriate. The LED grain image recognition and positioning system designed in this paper can realize the recognition of LED grain in a simple environment, and can accurately calculate the deflection Angle of LED grain, reducing the time of grain quality detection.
The Bus Control System Based on Intelligent Security Design
Authors: Yang Jialin , Wu Tiebin , Chen Jiaxing , Ji Mengna , Cai Xia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to traffic congestion and the changeable internal and external driving environment, it is difficult for bus drivers to respond quickly to the surrounding environment in an emergency, resulting in traffic accidents. This paper designs an intelligent and efficient active security system. The security monitoring system includes abnormal emotion processing system and trajectory offset processing system. The two systems are applied to image acquisition unit, image processing unit, vehicle trajectory determination unit, data storage unit and data transmission unit. The trajectory offset processing system and abnormal emotion processing system are used to analyze and process the data of various sensors, upload the data to the platform, and realize multi department cooperative processing.
A Design of Test Equipment on Gun Control Systems and Autoloaders
Authors: Liu Hong-Tian , Song Chao , Cao Yang , Zhang Wan-Jun , Wang Dong-Jun , Wu Hong-wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In response to a series of problems in the actual use of a certain type of tank fire control system and autoloader, such as many sudden failures, difficulties in diagnosing and locating failures, and complex maintenance and guarantee, a testing equipment is designed for the gun control box and autoloader, which is used to monitor the status of the gun control box and autoloader, and store the test data in real time. By comparing the test data and analysing the abnormal problems that occur in the work of the gun control box and the autoloader, it realises the monitoring of the working condition of the tank gun control box and the autoloader components, providing effective data support for the next step of repair.
Analysis of noise during unbalanced braking of disc brake friction plates
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Wang Zhaoheng , Liu Xinxiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The non-equilibrium contact phenomenon caused by the time difference between the friction plates on both sides and the brake disc during the braking process of the disc brake was analyzed. The brake noise problem in this non-simultaneous clamping condition was studied. Then a three-dimensional assembly model was established and the finite element method was used to find the complex mode and its instability coefficient under different operating conditions when t h e b r ak e w as in u n b al an ce d con ta ct. T he r esults s how th at during non-equilibrium braking, the inherent frequency and low-frequency stability of the braking system decreases, the instability modes increase significantly, and the shorter time difference leads to a strong tendency of whistling.
Energy storage battery SOC estimate based on improved BP neural network
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Dai Yawen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The SOC estimation of the battery is the most significant functions of batteries’ management system, and it is a quantitative evaluation of electric vehicle mileage. Due to complex battery dynamics and environmental conditions, the existing data-driven battery status estimation technology is not able to accurately estimate battery status. Aiming at this problem, the multi-implicit BP neural network model and the error elimination due to genetic algorithm are combined to appraise the battery’s state of charge. Firstly, a multi-hidden layer BP neural network is applied to learn about the nonlinear connection between the battery SOC and the measurable variables of lithium-ion batteries, for instance, current, voltage, and temperature. Secondly, the prediction error of the neural network type is denoised by the genetic method to smooth the prediction results. The method proposed in this paper captures long-term dependencies between measurable variables and battery state. Finally, the improvement effect of the method proposed in this paper is verified by comparison with the traditional neural network method.
Aircraft flight control using method of robustness aimed at uncertainty
Authors: Wang Jian-qi , Zheng Kun-peng , Wang Dong-mei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Method of μ synthesis based on self-contained structured singular value theory provides a resolution for control system with uncertain character. It makes the control system to have enough robustness and optimal control performance. When the aircraft is flying in the dense aerosphere, the autopilot of the aircraft is facing such a control system with a lot of uncertain elements. To obtain the optimal robustness in such case, the method of μ synthesis is used to design the autopilot in this paper. Also the result of simulation is tested and analysed. And the final analysis indicates the adopted controller has an effective result to the uncertainty.
A distributed temperature and strain measurement method for OPPC in distribution Internet of Things in electricity based on multilayer feedforward artificial neural network
Authors: Guan Guofei , Song Qingwu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to effectively measure temperature and strain along opticalphase conductor (OPPC), the multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) is applied to demodulate the temperature and strain along OPPC composite optical fiber. The basic principle and parameters of ANN for this purpose are introduced. ANN is trained by using the numerically generated Brillouin spectra with different values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Brillouin frequency shifts (BFS), and the training results are presented. The Brillouin spectra with different values of SNR, temperature and strain along the optical fiber are numerically generated. The temperature and strain along the optical fiber are demodulated by the spectrum fitting method and the ANN method. The results reveal that the multilayer feedforward artificial neural network method has similar accuracy with the spectrum fitting method. However, the computation time of the former is much less than that of the latter.
Electric vehicle wireless charging system transmission model based on two-port network
Authors: Luo Yuhao , Li Zhenyang , Wang Sizhong , Li Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the use of electric vehicles has been promoted all over the world in order to reduce the dependence on non-renewable resources such as oil. However, the problems of slow charging and few charging piles of electric vehicles have always troubled the users. In order to solve this problem, this paper investigates the wireless charging problem of electric vehicles. This paper focuses on the relationship between the transmission efficiency of the wireless charging system and the transmitting frequency and matching impedance of the non-vehicle part. First, this paper converts the equivalent circuit of wireless charging system into a two-port network diagram, establishes the relationship between the output signals, and performs simulation calculations for ten sets of experiments. Then, considering the different chassis heights of different models, the relationship between coil distance and mutual inductance coefficient is focused on. Finally, a single-objective optimization model with the maximization of transmission efficiency as the objective function is established considering the economy, and the model is solved by multiverse optimization algorithm, and the transmission efficiency is successfully improved to 93.10%.
Numerical study of nano-particle composite paraffin phase change heat storage capsule
Authors: Wang Fude , Hou Rusen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The heat exchange characteristics of traditional heat exchange fluids such as water and oil in phase change heat storage can no longer meet the ever-increasing heat exchange requirements. The researchers found that by adding nano-scale particles to the basic phase change material (pure PCM) in a certain proportion to form a composite phase change material, the heat transfer characteristics of the material can be improved. In this paper, a model study of the phase change heat storage characteristics of the nano-particle composite paraffin wax phase change capsule with holes is carried out, and the effects of thermal disturbance, natural convection heat transfer and external convection heat transfer on the phase change heat storage are mainly studied. It is found that when nanoparticles are added to the phase change heat storage capsule, the composite phase change heat storage capsule formed by the phase change heat storage, the internal natural convection intensity increases, and with the increase of the particle share, the heat storage rate increases, and the heat exchange intensity increases.
A Study on Forging Process of New Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Feng Chao , Liu Weike , Cao Xianhui , Deng Yunlai , Wang Jun , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper employs the isothermal compression method to study the forging process of new aluminum alloy and analyzes its law of thermal deformation behavior at the temperature of 400~550°C and the strain rate of 1~-10-3s-1. It is found that flow stress is correlated with the temperature and strain rate and that the stress level decreases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate. This reveals the evolution law of the microstructure of the aluminum alloy in thermal deformation and lays a foundation for the subsequent studies and optimizationof the forging process.
Effect of reaction time on properties of TPEG type polycarboxylate superplasticizer
Authors: Jiang Zhuojun , You Renliang , Fang Yunhui , Guo Yuanqiang , Lin Tianxing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effects of dropping time and holding time on the properties of TPEG type polycarboxylate superplasticizer paste and concrete were studied with 20000l stainless steel reactor as production equipment, ammonium persulfate as initiator, sodium hypophosphite as chain transfer agent and reaction temperature of 60 °C. The experimental results show that within the experimental range, the dropping time has little effect on the initial dispersion effect of TPEG type polycarboxylate superplasticizer and has a great impact on the slump retention performance. The holding time has a great impact on the initial dispersion effect and slump retention effect of TPEG type polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The dropping time and holding time have little effect on the 3d, 7d and 28d concrete compressive strength of TPEG type polycarboxylate superplasticizer.