bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding held by residents of a Latino-majority, rural region of California
Authors: Cameron Linda D. , Fleszar-Pavlović Sara E. , Yepez Marisela , Manzo Rosa D. , Brown Paul M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMarijuana use among pregnant and breastfeeding women is on the rise and carries risks for infant health and well-being. Decisions to use marijuana while pregnant and breastfeeding are motivated by beliefs that use poses minimal risk to infants and offers benefits to maternal users. Misperceptions and usage trend higher among disadvantaged populations. This study surveyed 401 community residents on beliefs about risks and benefits of marijuana use by pregnant and breastfeeding women. The study utilized techniques to enhance recruitment of Latino and disadvantaged residents of rural communities in California, a state where recreational marijuana use is legal. Analyses revealed substantial endorsement of beliefs about benefits and low risks of marijuana use while pregnant and breastfeeding, many of which run counter to current evidence. Misperceptions were particularly prevalent for cannabis users and male respondents. Trends in valid beliefs, while modest, were higher for Latinos and parents.
Stability of heterogeneous beams with three supports through Green functions
Authors: Kiss L. P. , Szeidl G. , Messaoudi A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present paper is devoted to the issue how the critical load of some heterogeneous beams with three supports can be determined by using Green functions. The stability problems of these beams are equivalent to three-point boundary value problems, paired with homogeneous boundary conditions. If the Green functions of these boundary value problems are known, the eigenvalue problems that provide the critical load can be transformed into eigenvalue problems governed by homogeneous Fredholm integral equations. The later eigenvalue problems can be reduced to algebraic eigenvalue problems which then can be solved numerically with effective algorithms.
Kv1.5 channel mediates monosodium urate-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and arrhythmogenic effects of urate on cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Peili , Kurata Yasutaka , Taufiq Fikri , Kuwabara Masanari , Ninomiya Haruaki , Higaki Katsumi , Tsuneto Motokazu , Shirayoshi Yasuaki , Lanaspa Miguel A. , Hisatome Ichiro 
Published: April 2022

Background
Gout is usually found in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). K+ efflux is a common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation which is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. We investigated the role of the K+ channel Kv1.5 in monosodium urate crystal (MSU)-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and electrical remodeling in mouse and human macrophages J774.1 and THP-1, and mouse atrial myocytes HL-1.

Methods and Results
Macrophages, primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were stimulated by MSU. HL-1 cells were incubated with the conditioned medium (CM) from MSU-stimulated macrophages. Western blot, ELISA and patch clamp were used. MSU induced caspase-1 expression in LPS-primed J774.1 cells and IL-1β secretion, suggesting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. A selective Kv1.5 inhibitor, diphenyl phosphine oxide-1 (DPO-1), and siRNAs against Kv1.5 suppressed the levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β. MSU reduced intracellular K+ concentration which was prevented by DPO-1 and siRNAs against Kv1.5. MSU increased expression of Hsp70, and Kv1.5 on the plasma membrane. siRNAs against Hsp70 were suppressed but heat shock increased the expression of Hsp70, caspase-1, IL-1β, and Kv1.5 in MSU-stimulated J774.1 cells. The CM from MSU-stimulated macrophages enhanced the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β and Kv1.5 with increased Kv1.5-mediated currents that shortened action potential duration in HL-1 cells. These responses were abolished by DPO-1 and a siRNA against Kv1.5.

Conclusions
Kv1.5 regulates MSU-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. MSUrelated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and electrical remodeling in HL-1 cells are via macrophages. Kv1.5 may have therapeutic value for diseases related to gout-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammsome, including AF.
Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of a tropical waterlily (Nymphaea) used for commercial flower production
Authors: Staines Martin vH , Sassoon Kathy L. , Lambers Hans 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Waterlilies (Nymphaea spp) are ancient iconic plants. Scientific knowledge of their nutrient requirements is scarce. We investigated plant responses to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition in a cultivar of tropical waterlilies used for commercial flower production.

Methods
Two studies with waterlilies were conducted simultaneously over 24 weeks. In Experiment 1, three amounts of fertiliser differing in P content were supplied either four, six or 12 times. Experiment 2 was similar, but fertiliser varied in K content. Flower production was recorded every two weeks, detailed plant measurements were made every six weeks and leaves were collected for nutrient analyses at week 20. At week 24, shoot biomass was harvested and weighed.

Results
Total flower production increased with increasing P supply but decreased with increasing K supply. With increasing P supply, leaf P concentration increased from 1.3 to 2.0 mg g−1 dry weight. Increasing the K supply decreased leaf P concentration but had no effect on K concentration. In the P experiment, leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations were generally low as was the leaf zinc concentration. Final plant size increased with increasing P supply but declined with increasing K supply.

Conclusion
Waterlily growth and flowering declined with increasing K supply and increased with increasing P supply. Fertiliser-P requirement was very high, and it is possible that plants would have responded to greater amounts of P than we used. This was partly due to the very high P-sorbing capacity of the soil we used. Inefficient nutrient uptake owing to the low capacity for P acquisition of waterlily roots at the near-neutral pH of flooded soil was also a likely factor.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Unplanned Hospital Admissions for Infection
Authors: Cundy Tim , Gamble Greg D. , Yi Elaine , Evennett Nicholas , Beban Grant 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Both obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of skin and soft tissue (SSTI), urinary tract, and lower respiratory tract infections but it is not clear whether the incidence of such infections is reduced after bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods
In people accepted onto our publicly funded bariatric program, we recorded unplanned admissions to public hospitals over a median follow-up of 4.5 years in those successfully undergoing surgery and in those who withdrew from the program. Rates of admission for the composite outcome (SSTI, urinary tract, or lower respiratory infection) were compared.

Results
Of 774 people accepted onto the program, 49% underwent surgery. Infections accounted for 27% of unplanned admissions in those not completing surgery and 13% of those who underwent surgery (p < 0.001). The rate of admission was 60% lower in people who underwent surgery than those who did not: 4.3 vs 12.2 per 100 patient-years (P < 0.002), a difference maintained across 8 years’ follow-up. The impact of surgery was independent of enrolment age, BMI, or diabetes and smoking status. Of the three types of infection in the composite outcome, SSTI were the most prevalent and showed the greatest reduction (p < 0.0001). The median day stay for infection was 0.5 day less in those who underwent surgery (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Hospitalization for these three infectious diseases in people undergoing bariatric surgery was lower than that in people enrolled in the bariatric program but not completing surgery. The effect was greatest for SSTI, and sustained to at least 8 years.

Graphical abstract
Therapeutic effectiveness of tuberculous aneurysm and risk factors for mortality: a systematic review
Authors: Yi Shengwu , Sheng Lingjie , Li Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of tuberculous aortic aneurysms (TBAAs) and the risk factors for mortality.

Methods
We reviewed all case reports of TBAAs treated with open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) from online database in 1996–2021. Only thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms were included.

Results
Eighty cases of open surgery and 42 cases of EVAR were included. The 2-year mortality and perioperative mortality rates of open surgery were 11.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Emergent open surgery had a significantly higher mortality (25.0%) than non-emergent open surgery (6.7%). In the EVAR group, 2-year mortality, perioperative mortality, and TBAA-related mortality were 16.7%, 4.8%, and 10.0%, respectively. Patients with typical tuberculosis (TB) symptoms before EVAR had a significantly higher TBAA-related mortality (35.0%) than patients with no typical TB symptoms before EVAR (0%). In the open surgery group, the rate of TB recurrence (2.7% vs 2.4%) and aneurysm recurrence (8.1% vs 7.3%) were quite close between preoperative anti-TB-treated and postoperative anti-TB-treated cases. However, in the EVAR group, TB recurrence (8.7% vs 0%) and aneurysm recurrence (12.5% vs 6.25%) were more common in postoperative anti-TB-treated cases.

Conclusion
Open surgery was accompanied by higher perioperative mortality, whereas EVAR was followed with higher TBAA-related mortality. Emergent surgical choices of open surgery may be associated with high perioperative mortality. Typical TB symptoms before EVAR are a significant risk factor for mortality after EVAR. Early anti-TB treatment should be administered if EVAR is the surgical option.
Tracheal reconstruction: mini-review and anatomical study on the use of antero lateral thigh fascial flap for heterotopical transplantation
Authors: Sgarzani Rossella , Meccariello Giuseppe , Iannella Giannicola , Stella Franco , Negosanti Luca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The reconstructive tracheal options for extensive lesions still remain limited and although a valid substitute is required unfortunately, the biomechanical tracheal characteristics do not allow an easy replacement. In this study we reviewed the described options and investigated, in human cadaver model, whether thigh fascia can be used, as an alternative to forearm fascia, as recipient site for trachea graft heterotopical allotransplantation.

Anatomical study
In three fresh cadavers, 3 tracheal graft, 6 radial forearm (RF) fascial flaps and 6 antero-lateral thigh (ALT) fascial flaps were harvested. For each flap we simulated the heteretopical transplantation of the trachea in each fascial flap, and the harvesting of the composite graft as a free flap. The composite graft was finally decomposed at bench and the pedicle was injected to confirm fascial vascularization. The main measured outcomes were: flap fascia vascularization after pedicle injection, average time of flap harvesting, number of perforators included in ALT fascial flap and diameter of the vessels for anastomosis. Difficulties were noted, in order to compare RF flap and ALT flap.

Results
Fascia vascularization was confirmed in all cases by pedicle injection. The main difficulty with radial flap was to harvest the fascial layer due to its thinness and its strong adherence to palmaris longus tendon, while the main difficulty with ALT flap was to prevent any traction on the perforators. The average time of flap harvesting and graft inset (by a junior plastic surgeon) was 1 h and 30 min for radial forearm flap and 2 h and 10 min for ALT flap.

Conclusion
Despite many different techniques proposed in the literature, tracheal heterotopical allotransplantation still seemed the most promising, and ALT flap promised be a feasible alternative for heterotopical transplantation of trachea.
Assessment of the Real-Time PCR Method Claiming to be Specific for Detection and Quantification of the First Commercialised Genome-Edited Plant
Authors: Weidner Christopher , Edelmann Sophia , Moor Dominik , Lieske Kathrin , Savini Christian , Jacchia Sara , Sacco Maria Grazia , Mazzara Marco , Lämke Jörn , Eckermann Kolja Neil , Emons Hendrik , Mankertz Joachim , Grohmann Lutz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA real-time PCR method was recently published with a claim to be specific for the detection and identification of some genome-edited oilseed rape (OSR) lines commercialised in North America. The method was designed to detect a single base mutation in the AHAS1C gene, which confers herbicide tolerance. The authors claim that the method is event-specific for the genome-edited OSR line 5715 and fulfils all requirements for GMO analytical methods according to EU regulations. We have thoroughly assessed the method in relation to the minimum performance requirements (MPR) established by the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL). The method was found to be sufficiently sensitive and robust when tested with pure genomic DNA of the OSR line 40 K. However, our results show that the method is not event-specific and detects also OSR lines carrying the same point mutation caused by somaclonal variation. Moreover, impaired robustness was observed using non-modified genomic DNA at the amount specified in the original protocol. Significant non-specific PCR amplifications with PCR products as non-target template DNA and with genomic DNA from numerous OSR varieties as well as from wild radish were found by three ISO/IEC 17025 accredited reference laboratories in tests using different master mixes and PCR cycler models. The assessment shows that the method does not meet the MPR for qualitative PCR methods and therefore is not fit-for-purpose for official controls of genetically modified products in the EU. Suggestions are provided for conditions under which analytical methods for genome-edited organisms should be validated.
Esophageal Strictures due to Mediastinal Metastases from Breast Cancer
Authors: Balázs Ákos , Vass Tamás , Baranyai Zsolt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMediastinal metastases represent an infrequent recurrence of breast carcinoma. Esophageal involvement by metastatic tissue is extremely rare. The situation means an unusual diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Dignity of esophageal stricture is difficult to ascertain; endoscopy and picture giving methods might be conflicting. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and the therapeutic possibilities of the condition. A retrospective analysis of malignant esophageal stricture cases was performed from a prospectively collected database between 1984 and 2020. Out of 3996 cases with esophageal malignancy, 17 esophageal strictures were confirmed to be related to breast cancer metastasis. Surgical resection was feasible in 3 cases; endoprosthesis insertion was performed for palliation in 7 cases, and in 7 cases, only supportive care was available. Our incidence rate was 0.43%. Dysphagia indicating an affected esophagus presented on average 10.5 years after the primary tumor surgery. Mean duration between onset of symptoms achieving appropriate diagnosis was 6.4 months. Dignity of the malignancy was confirmed only retrospectively in one case. Morphologic findings showed an external esophageal compression in 52.9%, while in 35.3%, a destructive tumor growth affecting the mucosal layer could be found. Overall, survival was 7.6 months referring to 15 cases. The possible occurrence of mediastinal metastases involving the esophagus should be seriously considered in patients with previous breast cancer history. Biopsies obtained from the intact mucosal surface of the stenotic esophagus are often inefficient and misleading; therefore, repeated biopsies are necessary. Options for radical surgery are highly limited.
Effective elements of a combined lifestyle intervention for people with low socioeconomic status. A concept mapping case study
Authors: Mulderij Lisanne S. , Verkooijen Kirsten T. , Koelen Maria A. , Wagemakers Annemarie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHealth inequalities still exist between people with a low socioeconomic status (SES) and people with a high SES. Combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) could benefit the health of people with a low SES. However, it is unclear which CLI elements are effective for this group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effective elements X‑Fittt 2.0, a CLI for people with a low SES. Nine professionals and one participant of X‑Fittt 2.0 participated in a concept mapping (CM) process to develop an overview of the effective elements of X‑Fittt 2.0. CM consists of six steps: preparing, brainstorming, clustering, scoring, analysing, and discussing and interpreting. This process resulted in 72 effective elements, grouped in nine clusters, focused on monitoring (12), internal (7) and external (4) collaborations, structure and guidance (10), agreements with participants (5), sports options in the first 12 weeks (10), the sports environment (10), recruitment strategies (5) and the preconditions for X‑Fittt 2.0 (9). These results provide a valuable first overview of effective elements of CLIs for people with a low SES.
Removal of of toxic metal ions (Ni2+ and Cd2+) from wastewater by using TOPO decorated iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sosun  , Ali Attarad , Mannan Abdul , Ali Shah Usman , Zia Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn real engineering applications, nanoparticles can face hurdles of complex behavior of pollutants, for which electrostatic forces and background electrolyte can prove to be one of the robust mechanisms to remove pollutants from wastewater. In the present work, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) coated Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized and characterized for removing divalent Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions. Morphological and chemical analysis of both NPs was performed, and batch adsorption experiments were performed to study the influence of different pH ranges, concentrations of adsorbents and different contact timings. TOPO functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were found to have better adsorption capacities as compared to Fe3O4 at higher pH values. Isotherm models were run to identify the adsorption process. Langmuir isotherm model data fitted best for both metal ions adsorption, while Freundlich data suited best only for Ni2+ ions. The regression values for kinetic models confirmed that pseudo-second-order fitted best to the adsorption of both Ni2+ and Cd2+. Higher adsorption values were noticed for Ni2+ at higher dosages of both bare and TOPO-coated iron oxide NPs. Cadmium was found to have no influence of adsorbent dosage. Contact time was found to impact sorption values, i.e., adsorption was greater initially and then decreased with the passage of time. The study concludes that TOPO decorated Fe3O4 NPs can be more efficiently used for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the presence of alkyl chains in TOPO can be immobilized at surface of metals to undergo adsorption more efficiently.
Linear and nonlinear kinetics analysis and adsorption characteristics of packed bed column for phenol removal using rice husk-activated carbon
Authors: Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo , Iheanacho Ositadinma Chamberlain , Obi Christopher Chiedozie , Onu Chijioke Elijah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe linear and nonlinear kinetics analysis and adsorption characteristics of phenol adsorption onto activated carbon synthesized from rice husk biomass were investigated in a packed bed column. Several analyses such as physical properties, BET surface area, pore size distribution, FTIR, and SEM were used to investigate the adsorption properties of the rice husk-activated carbon (RHAC). The column adsorption studies indicated that the adsorption of phenol onto RHAC is favored by an increase in bed height and a decrease in solution flow rate, influent phenol concentration, and particle size. Various dynamic adsorption parameters depicting the adsorption characteristics of phenol onto RHAC were estimated from the breakthrough analysis of the experimental data. The fitting of the experimental data to the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, Yoon–Nelson, and Wolborska models using linear and nonlinear regression techniques showed that the four models gave good fits to the experimental data. The R2 values for the regressed lines ranged from 0.6827 to 0.9918, and 0.9958 to 1.0000 for the linear and nonlinear regression techniques, respectively. Experimentally, a maximum adsorption capacity value of 14.57 mg/g was obtained; at the same experimental conditions, 14.88 mg/g was predicted by the nonlinear regression, while 9.78 mg/g was predicted by the linear regression of the Thomas model. The results affirmed the potency of RHAC for the treatment of phenol-contaminated wastewater. It provided comprehensive data needed for the design of phenol adsorption columns using RHAC. It equally revealed that a better model analysis would be achieved with the application of nonlinear regression.
The use of a regression model in the variability analysis of the leachate quality from heaps of the production of the building materials
Authors: Szymański Kazimierz , Walendzik Bartosz , Janowska Beata , Sidełko Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn attempt to evaluate potential hazard for quality of manufactured construction elements and concrete in case of use of leachate as technological water was made in this paper. This may lead to negative impact on strength parameters of the product made in the analysed company. Raw industrial leachate must not be discharged into sewerage system due to increased concentrations of some mineral components; it must be initially purified. Selected elements of multiple regression module and principal components analysis were used to describe the above phenomena. The model we have developed uses selected significant parameters of pollutants contained in leachate from a process industrial waste heap. The model takes into account leachate conductivity and sulphate ions, in which increased lead compounds concentration was determined. The model was verified during its use. The variables used in the model explain the significant percentage of variability noted for the dependent variable.
The German Act on Autonomous Driving: Why Ethics Still Matters
Authors: Kriebitz Alexander , Max Raphael , Lütge Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The German Act on Autonomous Driving constitutes the first national framework on level four autonomous vehicles and has received attention from policy makers, AI ethics scholars and legal experts in autonomous driving. Owing to Germany’s role as a global hub for car manufacturing, the following paper sheds light on the act’s position within the ethical discourse and how it reconfigures the balance between legislation and ethical frameworks. Specifically, in this paper, we highlight areas that need to be more worked out in the future either through ethical conventions, corporate measures or legal measures and examine how the law can be incorporated into the existing discourse on the regulation of technologies. Based on this examination, we derive implications for future discourse and elaborate on companies’ responsibilities in developing autonomous driving technologies in an ethical sense.
„The elephant in the room“ – Großbritanniens wechselvolles Verhältnis zum Euro
Authors: Sturm Roland 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Euro-Einführung wurde von Großbritannien immer abgelehnt. Das Land sah im Maastrichter Vertrag von 1993 einen weiteren Schritt zur Vertiefung der europäischen Integration, die im föderalen Superstaat enden werde. Premierminister Tony Blair setzte sich in seiner Amtszeit für ein Referendum zur Einführung des Euro ein, das aber am Widerstand seines Schatzkanzlers Gordon Brown scheiterte. Auch die schottischen Unabhängigkeitsbemühungen thematisier(t)en den Euro als schottische Landeswährung. Im Brexit-Wahlkampf spielten die Zugeständnisse, die Premierminister David Cameron für Nicht-Euro-Länder herausgehandelt hatte, keine große Rolle mehr. Der Brexit erledigte das Thema „Euro“ als britische Währung erst einmal.