bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of low vs high oxygen during neonatal anesthesia: Oxygenation, feasibility, and oxidative stress
Authors: Karlsson Victoria , Sporre Bengt , Fredén Filip , Ågren Johan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce risk for intermittent hypoxia a high fraction of inspired oxygen is routinely used during anesthesia induction. This differs from the cautious dosing of oxygen during neonatal resuscitation and intensive care and may result in significant hyperoxia.AimIn a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated oxygenation during general anesthesia with a low (23%) vs a high (80% during induction and recovery, and 40% during maintenance) fraction of inspired oxygen, in newborn infants undergoing surgery.MethodThirty‐five newborn infants with postconceptional age of 35–44 weeks were included (17 infants in low and 18 in high oxygen group). Oxygenation was monitored by transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, pulse oximetry, and cerebral oxygenation. Predefined SpO2 safety targets dictated when to increase inspired oxygen.ResultsAt start of anesthesia, oxygenation was similar in both groups. Throughout anesthesia, the high oxygen group displayed significant hyperoxia with higher (difference−20.3 kPa, 95% confidence interval (CI)—28.4 to 12.2, p < .001) transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen values than the low oxygen group. While SpO2 in the low oxygen group was lower (difference − 5.8%, 95% CI –9.3 to –2.4, p < .001) during anesthesia, none of the infants spent enough time below SpO2 safety targets to mandate supplemental oxygen, and cerebral oxygenation was within the normal range and not statistically different between the groups. Analysis of the oxidative stress biomarker urinary F2‐Isoprostane revealed no differences between the low and high oxygen group.ConclusionWe conclude that in healthy newborn infants, use of low oxygen during general anesthesia was feasible, while the prevailing practice of using high levels of inspired oxygen resulted in significant hyperoxia. The trade‐off between careful dosing of oxygen and risks of hypo‐ and hyperoxia in neonatal anesthesia should be further examined.
Defoliation, wounding, and methyl jasmonate induce expression of the sucrose lateral transporter LpSUT1 in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Meuriot Frédéric , Prud'homme Marie‐Pascale , Noiraud‐Romy Nathalie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRyegrass (Lolium perenne L.) regrowth after defoliation results from the mobilization of sugar reserves (mainly fructans) and, simultaneously, the efficient lateral transport of sucrose toward growing tissues. However, as for grasses overall, it is not yet known if the induction of this transport is solely linked to the sugar demand of growing tissues via the modification of sugar content at the tissue or cellular level or if it could be triggered by a wounding signal due to the defoliation itself. Ryegrass plants were therefore submitted to total or partial defoliation, pinning of the leaf blades to simulate wounding, or to leaf spraying with 100 μM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a phytohormone related to wounding. As a response to total or partial defoliation, fructans were mobilized, and the expression of the sucrose lateral transporter LpSUT1 was induced. This highlights an efficient intra‐plant compensatory partitioning of sugar resources between defoliated and intact tillers, resulting in the adaptation to regrow after moderate to severe defoliation. The MeJA treatment strongly decreased fructan content. Pinning and especially MeJA largely and quickly increased sucrose content and LpSUT1 transcript levels in leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases, suggesting a direct effect of wounding on the upregulation of the sucrose lateral transporter. The overall results suggest that sucrose transport capacity and fructan degradation are induced by defoliation through the modification of source–sink relationships for sugars at the plant level and are mediated by phytohormones associated with wounding, such as jasmonates.
Prolonging the time of semen deposition increases the pregnancy rates of ewes subjected to fixed time cervical insemination during the breeding season
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lu Xiaoyu , Liu Yiyong , Wu Xinglong , Yu Yuansong , Li Xiangyun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main limiting factor of artificial cervical insemination in ewes is the long and narrow fibrous cervical canal, which impedes the transport of spermatozoa and leads to lower pregnancy rates. The hypothesis that prolonging the time of semen deposition during ovine cervical insemination can increase pregnancy rates was investigated in this study. Estrus was synchronized in 150 multiparous Ujimqin ewes using a polyurethane intravaginal sponge impregnated with 45 mg of flurogestone acetate. The sponge was left in the vagina for 12 days followed by an injection of 330 IU of eCG at sponge removal. After the exclusion of two ewes due to sponge loss, the remaining 148 ewes were divided into the Treatment group (n = 75) and the Control group (n = 73). Each ewe was inseminated once between 56 and 60 h after the removal of sponges, using a new type of insemination device containing 0.25 ml of diluted semen. Semen was collected from eight Black Suffolk rams and all the ejaculates were pooled and diluted in ultra‐high temperature‐treated commercial skimmed milk. The time of semen deposition was prolonged to 60 s in the Treatment group, while ewes were given traditional insemination in the Control group. Pregnancy status was determined by transabdominal ultrasound examination 45 days after insemination. Lambing performance was calculated after all the ewes had been delivered. Significant differences were observed between the Treatment group and the Control group in terms of the pregnancy rate and the fecundity rate (73.3% and 93.3% vs 56.2% and 71.2%, p < .05 and p < .01, respectively). In conclusion, prolonging the time of semen deposition significantly increased pregnancy and fecundity rates in estrus‐synchronized Ujimqin ewes subjected to fixed time cervical insemination.
Validation of pregnancy associated glycoproteins‐basedELISAkits to determine early pregnancy status in lactatingNili‐Ravibuffaloes
Authors: Arshad Bilal , Shabir Amjad , Sagheer Masroor , Arshad Usman , Yousuf Muhammad Rizwan , Riaz Amjad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to evaluate pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits utilizing whole blood, serum, or milk samples for diagnosis of early pregnancy status in lactating Nili‐Ravi buffaloes. Dairy buffaloes (n = 174) of mixed parity, 4–6 years of age, having mean (± standard deviation) days in milk 165 ± 87, and body condition score of 3.26 ± 0.34 were randomly enrolled in this study. Buffaloes were exposed to penile deviated bulls with 12 h interval for estrus detection during peak breeding season and eventually bred naturally at their respective standing estrus (day 0). Blood and milk samples were collected at days 24, 28, and 35 post‐breeding to run a rapid visual pregnancy test® (RVPT) as a buffalo‐side test or ELISA‐based assay in the laboratory to detect early pregnancy status. Transrectal B‐mode ultrasonography was performed to diagnose pregnancy at day 35 post‐breeding and used as a gold standard to validate results of RVPT or ELISA‐based tests. The RVPT is a visual readout test for pregnancy detection and had sensitivity (77.9 vs. 89.7 vs. 93.3%), specificity (77.9 vs. 89.7 vs. 93.3%), and accuracy (84.5 vs. 90.1 vs. 94.2%) at days 24, 28, and 35 post‐breeding, respectively. The PAGs were assayed using ELISA kits in serum and had sensitivity (77.9 vs. 89.7 vs. 93.3%), specificity (84.2 vs. 87.7 vs. 93.9%), and accuracy (82.1 vs. 88.4 vs. 93.7%) at days 24, 28, and 35 post‐breeding, respectively. Similarly, PAGs were also analysed using ELISA kits in milk samples and had sensitivity (77.6 vs 89.5 vs 95.0%), specificity (89.1 vs 91.9, vs 93.9%), and accuracy (85.1 vs 91.1 vs 94.3%) at days 24, 28, and 35 post‐breeding, respectively. Overall, the Kappa values in this study exceeded 0.85 at day 35 post‐breeding using RVPT or ELISA‐based test kits in serum or milk samples, indicating a high level of agreement between PAGs detection method and gold standard for pregnancy diagnosis. The pregnancy outcomes based on ELISA‐based PAGs detection at day≥28 post‐breeding had a high negative predictive value, indicating that the probability of incorrectly administering prostaglandins to pregnant buffaloes would be low if these tests were implemented on a commercial dairy herd. Taken together, it is concluded that PAGs‐based determination of pregnancy using RVPT or ELISA in blood, serum, or milk samples can be used effectively for pregnancy diagnosis at≥28 days post‐breeding with more than 90% accuracy in Nili‐Ravi buffaloes.
Avoiding Covid‐19 risk information in the United States: The role of attitudes, norms, affect, social dominance orientations, and perceived trustworthiness of scientists
Authors: Wang Wan , Atkinson Lucy , Kahlor Lee Ann , Jamar Patrick , Lim Hayoung Sally 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study seeks guidance from the planned risk information avoidance model to explore drivers of risk information avoidance in the context of COVID‐19. Data were collected early during the pandemic. Among our most notable results is that participants who are more oriented toward social dominance and are more skeptical of scientists’ credibility have (1) more supportive attitudes toward risk information avoidance and (2) feel social pressure to avoid risk information. The findings of this study highlight how the role of skepticism in science and intergroup ideologies, such as social dominance, can have important implications for how people learn about health‐related information, even in times of heightened crisis.
Effectiveness of personal protection measures against Lyme disease: A review of epidemiologic studies from the United States
Authors: Schwartz Amy M. , Mackeprang Julia Montague , Mead Paul S. , Hinckley Alison F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLyme disease, the most commonly reported vector‐borne disease in the United States, is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick. In the absence of a licensed vaccine, the prevention of Lyme disease relies heavily on limiting tick exposure. Methods for limiting tick exposure include personal protection measures such as repellent use, wearing protective clothing, avoiding areas where ticks may be present, bathing after exposure to tick habitat and performing regular tick checks. Public health officials typically recommend all these personal protection measures; however, there is limited evidence to promote one behaviour or practice over another. The focus of this article is to review available literature that examines the effectiveness of recommended personal protection measures to prevent Lyme and other Ixodes‐transmitted diseases in humans. Articles included in this review were identified through Google Scholar and PubMed searches using specific search terms. We identified over 56,000 articles using Google Scholar and PubMed searches. Of those, 16 studies fit our criteria for inclusion and were reviewed in their entirety. Among the personal protection measures evaluated, no intervention was predominantly or consistently effective across studies, demonstrating that, currently, there is no single best method for primary prevention of Ixodes‐transmitted diseases in the United States. Frequently recommended practices such as tick checks, repellent use and protective clothing had mixed results across studies. Study design differences limited comparability among studies, and sample sizes for these studies may have been too small to detect statistically significant results even if a prevention method was effective. Though many of the reviewed personal protection measures are frequently recommended to the public, limited evidence demonstrates their ability to prevent tick‐borne disease. Additional standardized studies are needed to evaluate personal protection measures.
Tectonic evolution of the Beishan orogen in central Asia: Subduction, accretion, and continent-continent collision during the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Chen , Chen Xuanhua , Zuza Andrew V. , Haproff Peter J. , Yin An , Shao Zhaogang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Beishan orogen is part of the Neo-proterozoic to early Mesozoic Central Asian Orogenic System in central Asia that exposes ophiolitic complexes, passive-margin strata, arc assemblages, and Precambrian basement rocks. To better constrain the tectonic evolution of the Beishan orogen, we conducted field mapping, U-Pb zircon dating, whole-rock geochemical analysis, and Sr-Nd isotopic analysis. The new results, when interpreted in the context of the known geological setting, show that the Beishan region had experienced five phases of arc magmatism at ca. 1450–1395 Ma, ca. 1071–867 Ma, ca. 542–395 Ma, ca. 468–212 Ma, and ca. 307–212 Ma. In order to explain the geological, geochemical, and geochronological data from the Beishan region, we present a tectonic model that involves the following five phases of deformation: (1) Proterozoic rifting that separated the North Beishan block from the Greater North China craton that led to the opening of the Beishan Ocean, (2) early Paleozoic north-dipping subduction (ca. 530–430 Ma) of the Beishan oceanic plate associated with back-arc extension followed by collision between the North and South Beishan microcontinental blocks, (3) northward slab rollback of the south-dipping subducting Paleo-Asian oceanic plate at ca. 450–440 Ma along the northern margin of the North Beishan block that led to the formation of a northward-younging extensional continental arc (ca. 470–280 Ma) associated with bimodal igneous activity, which indicates that the westward extension of the Solonker suture is located north of the Hongshishan-Pengboshan tectonic zone, (4) Late Carboniferous opening and Permian north-dipping subduction of the Liuyuan Ocean in the southern Beishan orogen, and (5) Mesozoic-Cenozoic intracontinental deformation induced by the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean system in the north and the Tethyan Ocean system in the south.
Markov Approximations of the Evolution of Quantum Systems
Authors: Gough J. , Orlov Yu. N. , Sakbaev V. Zh. , Smolyanov O. G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The convergence in probability of a sequence of iterations of independent random quantum dynamical semigroups to a Markov process describing the evolution of an open quantum system is studied. The statistical properties of the dynamics of open quantum systems with random generators of Markovian evolution are described in terms of the law of large numbers for operator-valued random processes. For compositions of independent random semigroups of completely positive operators, the convergence of mean values to a semigroup described by the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad equation is established. Moreover, a sequence of random operator-valued functions with values in the set of operators without the infinite divisibility property is shown to converge in probability to an operator-valued function with values in the set of infinitely divisible operators.
Postoperative morbidities with infant cardiac surgery and toddlers’ neurodevelopment
Authors: Read Julie , Ridout Deborah , Johnson Samantha , Hoskote Aparna , Sheehan Karen , Wellman Paul , Jones Alison , Wray Jo , Brown Katherine 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between morbidities after infant cardiac surgery and neurodevelopment and behaviour at age 2–3 years.Design/SettingA prospective cohort follow-up study, in four paediatric cardiac centres. We excluded children with known syndromes. Home-based neurodevelopmental assessments using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) were undertaken in 81 children and secondary outcome measures of development and behaviour were completed by parents. A further 41 families completed the secondary outcome measures remotely.ResultsChildren were grouped as multiple morbidities/extracorporeal life support (ECLS) (n=19), single morbidities (n=36) and no morbidities (n=59). Group comparisons found that children with multiple morbidities/ECLS, compared with no morbidities, had: (a) lower adjusted mean scores for core Bayley-III composites (none reached the level of statistical significance), with mean differences of cognitive −6.1 (95% CI −12.4 to 0.1) p=0.06, language −9.1 (95% CI −18.6 to 0.3) p=0.06 and motor −4.4 (95% CI −12.0 to 3.1) p=25; (b) greater adjusted odds of at least one low or borderline Bayley-III composite result 4.0 (95% CI 1.0 to 16.0) (p=0.05); (c) greater adjusted risk of an abnormal Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) result 5.3 (95% CI 1.3 to 21.1) (p=0.03) and a borderline ASQ result 4.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 25.0) (p=0.05); and no difference in the risk of an abnormal Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire result 1.7 (95% CI 0.3 to 10.4) p=0.58. These outcomes were not statistically different between the single morbidity and no morbidity groups.ConclusionsChildren who experience multiple morbidities/ECLS after infant heart surgery are at a greater risk of neurodevelopmental difficulties than their peers who had no complications and should be prioritised for neurodevelopmental follow-up.
Does knowledge of sleep hygiene recommendations match behaviour in Australian shift workers? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rampling Caroline M , Gupta Charlotte Cecelia , Shriane Alexandra E , Ferguson Sally A , Rigney Gabrielle , Vincent Grace E 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesShiftworkers routinely obtain inadequate sleep, which has major health consequences. Sleep hygiene describes a range of behaviours, lifestyle and environmental factors that can improve sleep. To date, limited research has examined sleep hygiene in shiftworkers. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of sleep hygiene knowledge and engagement with sleep hygiene practices in Australian shiftworkers.Study designAn online, cross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsAustralian adults from across multiple industries (n=588) who work shift work.MeasuresThe online survey included questions regarding sleep hygiene knowledge and questions from modified versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Sleep Hygiene Index.ResultsOf the 588 participants, 52.9% reported having heard of ‘sleep hygiene’. Of these participants, 77.5% reported understanding the term moderately, extremely or very well. Engagement with each sleep hygiene practice was varied. Common sleep hygiene practices were controlling the bedroom environment (eg, a cool, dark and quiet bedroom). Less common practices were avoiding light as bedtime approaches. Logistic regressions revealed that shiftworkers who had heard of sleep hygiene were more likely to engage in sleep hygiene practices and had better sleep quality compared with those who had not heard of sleep hygiene. Increased engagement in sleep hygiene practices did not predict the likelihood of individuals reporting better sleep quality.ConclusionsShiftworkers demonstrated varied knowledge, understanding and engagement with individual sleep hygiene practices. Future research should focus on the development of sleep hygiene interventions that accommodate the unique challenges of shift work to optimise sleep.
Effectiveness of case-area targeted interventions including vaccination on the control of epidemic cholera: protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Ratnayake Ruwan , Peyraud Nicolas , Ciglenecki Iza , Gignoux Etienne , Lightowler Maria , Azman Andrew S , Gakima Primitive , Ouamba Jean Patrick , Sagara Joseph Amadomon , Ndombe Rollin , Mimbu Nana , Ascorra Alexandra ,   Epicentre and MSF CATI Working Group, Welo Placide Okitayemba , Mukamba Musenga Elisabeth , Miwanda Berthe , Boum Yap , Checchi Francesco , Edmunds W John , Luquero Francisco , Porten Klaudia , Finger Flavio 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionCholera outbreaks in fragile settings are prone to rapid expansion. Case-area targeted interventions (CATIs) have been proposed as a rapid and efficient response strategy to halt or substantially reduce the size of small outbreaks. CATI aims to deliver synergistic interventions (eg, water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions, vaccination, and antibiotic chemoprophylaxis) to households in a 100—250 m ‘ring’ around primary outbreak cases.Methods and analysisWe report on a protocol for a prospective observational study of the effectiveness of CATI. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) plans to implement CATI in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Cameroon, Niger and Zimbabwe. This study will run in parallel to each implementation. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of cholera in each CATI ring. CATI will be triggered immediately on notification of a case in a new area. As with most real-world interventions, there will be delays to response as the strategy is rolled out. We will compare the cumulative incidence among rings as a function of response delay, as a proxy for performance. Cross-sectional household surveys will measure population-based coverage. Cohort studies will measure effects on reducing incidence among household contacts and changes in antimicrobial resistance.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics review boards of MSF and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have approved a generic protocol. The DRC and Niger-specific versions have been approved by the respective national ethics review boards. Approvals are in process for Cameroon and Zimbabwe. The study findings will be disseminated to the networks of national cholera control actors and the Global Task Force for Cholera Control using meetings and policy briefs, to the scientific community using journal articles, and to communities via community meetings.
Impetus of US hospital leaders to invest in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): a qualitative study
Authors: Mou Danny , Mjåset Christer , Sokas Claire M , Virji Azan , Bokhour Barbara , Heng Marilyn , Sisodia Rachel C , Pusic Andrea L , Rosenthal Meredith B 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThough hospital leaders across the USA have invested significant resources in collection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), there are very limited data on the impetus for hospital leadership to establish PROM programmes. In this qualitative study, we identify the drivers and motivators of PROM collection among hospital leaders in the USA.DesignExploratory qualitative study.SettingThirty-seven hospital leaders representing seven different institutions with successful PROMs programs across twenty US states.MethodsSemistructured interviews conducted with hospital leaders. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsLeaders strongly believe that collecting PROMs is the ‘right thing to do’ and that the culture of the institution plays an important role in enabling PROMs. The study participants often believe that their institutions deliver superior care and that PROMs can be used to demonstrate the value of their services to payors and patients. Direct financial incentives are relatively weak motivators for collection of PROMs. Most hospital leaders have reservations about using PROMs in their current state as a meaningful performance metric.ConclusionThese findings suggest that hospital leaders feel a strong moral imperative to collect PROMs, which is also supported by the culture of their institution. Although PROMs are used in negotiations with payors, direct financial return on investment is not a strong driver for the collection of PROMs. Understanding why leaders of major healthcare institutions invest in PROMs is critical to understanding the role that PROMs play in the US healthcare system.