bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Incidence, Reinfections, and Active Syphilis in Populations Attending a Specialized HIV Clinic in Mexico, a Dynamic Cohort Study
Authors: Tumalán-Gil Omar David , Ruiz-González Verónica , García-Cisneros Santa , González-Rodríguez Andrea , Herrera-Ortiz Antonia , Olamendi-Portugal Maria , Sánchez-Alemán Miguel Angel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSyphilis, a sexually transmitted infection, has reemerged in many vulnerable groups around the world. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of syphilis among people who attended a specialized HIV clinic in Mexico from 2011 to 2015. Databases from the laboratory were analyzed, and the following four groups were formed: people seeking HIV-1 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), people in prison (PPr), people living with HIV (PLWH), and patients from primary care clinics (others). The diagnosis of syphilis was made using the reverse algorithm; antibody titers were examined to determine the stage of infection. Baseline data were analyzed and, with follow-up information, a retrospective dynamic cohort was formed. Factors associated with the seroprevalence of syphilis and active syphilis were evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, risk factors for the incidence of syphilis were described. A total of 81,863 baseline individuals were analyzed. The seroprevalence of syphilis was 9.9% in the VCT group, 8.2% in the PPr group, 37.0% in the PLWH group, and 8.7% in the others group; the prevalence of active syphilis was 1.7–13.1%. A total of 11,124 people were followed up. The incidence (cases per 100 person-years) was 3.5 among the VCT group, 16.0 among the PLWH group, and < 0.1 among both the PPr and others groups, respectively; moreover, the frequency of reinfections was 11.1–24.4%. The high prevalence and incidence of syphilis, active syphilis, and reinfections among men, transgender people, individuals aged 20–39 years, and people with a history of HIV or hepatitis B suggest that it is critical to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment measures to stop the reemergence of syphilis. There are also new factors such as methamphetamine use, group sex, or contacting partners over the internet that are associated with syphilis. In addition, HIV preexposure prophylaxis could contribute to the increased incidence of syphilis by providing false security in the prevention of STIs, thereby increasing risky sexual behaviors.
Differentiability results and sensitivity calculation for optimal control of incompressible two-phase Navier-Stokes equations with surface tension
Authors: Diehl Elisabeth , Haubner Johannes , Ulbrich Michael , Ulbrich Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe analyze optimal control problems for two-phase Navier-Stokes equations with surface tension. Based on $$L_p$$

L
p

-maximal regularity of the underlying linear problem and recent well-posedness results of the problem for sufficiently small data we show the differentiability of the solution with respect to initial and distributed controls for appropriate spaces resulting from the $$L_p$$

L
p

-maximal regularity setting. We consider first a formulation where the interface is transformed to a hyperplane. Then we deduce differentiability results for the solution in the physical coordinates. Finally, we state an equivalent Volume-of-Fluid type formulation and use the obtained differentiability results to derive rigorosly the corresponding sensitivity equations of the Volume-of-Fluid type formulation. For objective functionals involving the velocity field or the discontinuous pressure or phase indciator field we derive differentiability results with respect to controls and state formulas for the derivative. The results of the paper form an analytical foundation for stating optimality conditions, justifying the application of derivative based optimization methods and for studying the convergence of discrete sensitivity schemes based on Volume-of-Fluid discretizations for optimal control of two-phase Navier-Stokes equations.
Environmental impacts due to the use of sunscreen products: a mini-review
Authors: Chatzigianni Myrto , Pavlou Panagoula , Siamidi Angeliki , Vlachou Marilena , Varvaresou Athanasia , Papageorgiou Spyridon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSunscreen use has increased in recent years, as sunscreen products minimize the damaging effects of solar radiation. Active ingredients called ultraviolet (UV) filters or UV agents, either organic or inorganic, responsible for defending skin tissue against harmful UV rays, are incorporated in sunscreen formulations. UV agents have a serious impact on many members of bio communities, and they are transferred to the environment either directly or indirectly. Many organic UV filters are found to be accumulated in marine environments because of high values of the octanol/water partition coefficient. However, due to the fact that UV agents are not stable in water, unwanted by-products may be formed. Experimental studies or field observations have shown that organic UV filters tend to bioaccumulate in various aquatic animals, such as corals, algae, arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, marine vertebrates. This review was conducted in order to understand the effects of UV agents on both the environment and marine biota. In vivo and in vitro studies of UV filters show a wide range of adverse effects on the environment and exposed organisms. Coral bleaching receives considerable attention, but the scientific data identify potential toxicities of endocrine, neurologic, neoplastic and developmental pathways. However, more controlled environmental studies and long-term human use data are limited. Several jurisdictions have prohibited specific UV filters, but this does not adequately address the dichotomy of the benefits of photoprotection vs lack of eco-friendly, safe, and approved alternatives.
Enforcing ethical goals over reinforcement-learning policies
Authors: Neufeld Emery A. , Bartocci Ezio , Ciabattoni Agata , Governatori Guido 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent years have yielded many discussions on how to endow autonomous agents with the ability to make ethical decisions, and the need for explicit ethical reasoning and transparency is a persistent theme in this literature. We present a modular and transparent approach to equip autonomous agents with the ability to comply with ethical prescriptions, while still enacting pre-learned optimal behaviour. Our approach relies on a normative supervisor module, that integrates a theorem prover for defeasible deontic logic within the control loop of a reinforcement learning agent. The supervisor operates as both an event recorder and an on-the-fly compliance checker w.r.t. an external norm base. We successfully evaluated our approach with several tests using variations of the game Pac-Man, subject to a variety of “ethical” constraints.
The Mentoring Relationship with the Closest Grandparent and Identity Processes Among Emerging Adult Grandchildren in Poland: The Role of Perceived Grandparents’ Perspective Taking
Authors: Michałek-Kwiecień Justyna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the mentoring relationship with the closest grandparent, considering perceived grandparent’s perspective taking, and identity processes among Polish emerging adult grandchildren. A total of 424 emerging adults (41.3% male) aged 18–25 completed self-assessment measures. The structural equation modeling analysis revealed positive associations between perception of mentoring relationships with the closest grandparent (mostly grandmother), their perspective taking, and emerging adults’ identity synthesis. The results indicated no significant gender differences in the hypothesized model. To sum up, relationships with grandparents may be perceived as important in promoting coherent identity development among emerging adults.
Influence of annealing temperature on structural, electrical, and optical properties of 80 nm thick indium-doped tin oxide on borofloat glass
Authors: Abd-Elnaiem Alaa M. , Hakamy A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe influences of annealing temperature (473–573 K) on the crystal structure, linear/nonlinear optical parameters, and electrical characteristics of 80 nm thick indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) thin films are investigated. Thermal annealing induces the crystal structure in the ITO. As-prepared and annealed ITO have various morphologies depending on the annealing temperature, such as nanoplates and dendritic and spherical nanoparticles. As the substrate temperature increased up to 370 K, the electrical resistivity and sheet resistance of as-prepared ITO decreased dramatically and then slightly decreased as the substrate temperature further increased. The electrical conductivity and activation energy for the various processes were estimated. The reflectance (R) and transmittance (T) data are used to calculate the linear/nonlinear optical constants and parameters. The optical bandgap increased from 3.18 to 3.8 eV as the annealing temperature increased from room temperature to 573 K. Crystallinity is improved due to the annealing and hence an enhancement in the optical energy bandgap is achieved. Meanwhile, high-temperature annealing reversibly affected the optical bandgap energy of ITO thin films via reduction and oxidation reactions. Thermal annealing of ITO films improves crystal structure, visual transparency, and electrical conductivity, making it the preferred material for optoelectronic devices and solar cells.
THE 1ST LEVEL GENERAL FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES AND SOME OF THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: Luchko Yuri 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we first provide a short summary of the main properties of the so-called general fractional derivatives with the Sonin kernels introduced so far. These are integro-differential operators defined as compositions of the first order derivative and an integral operator of convolution type. Depending on succession of these operators, the general fractional derivatives of the Riemann-Liouville and of the Caputo types were defined and studied. The main objective of this paper is a construction of the 1st level general fractional derivatives that comprise both the general fractional derivative of the Riemann-Liouville type and the general fractional derivative of the Caputo type. We also provide some of their properties including the 1st and the 2nd fundamental theorems of Fractional Calculus for these derivatives and the suitably defined general fractional integrals.
Averaged cubature schemes on the real positive semiaxis
Authors: Djukić Dušan Lj , Fermo Luisa , Djukić Rada M. Mutavdžić 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStratified cubature rules are proposed to approximate double integrals defined on the real positive semiaxis. In particular, anti-Gauss cubature formulae are introduced and averaged cubature schemes are developed. Some of their appropriate modifications are also studied. Several numerical experiments are given to testify the performance of all the formulae.
Quadratic and higher-order unconstrained binary optimization of railway rescheduling for quantum computing
Authors: Domino Krzysztof , Kundu Akash , Salehi Özlem , Krawiec Krzysztof 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs consequences of disruptions in railway traffic affect passenger experience and satisfaction, appropriate rerouting and/or rescheduling is necessary. These problems are known to be NP-hard, given the numerous restrictions of traffic nature. With the recent advances in quantum technologies, quantum annealing has become an alternative method to solve such optimization problems. To use quantum annealing, the problem needs to be encoded in quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) or higher-order binary optimization (HOBO) formulation that can be recast as a QUBO. This paper introduces QUBO and HOBO representations for rescheduling problems of railway traffic management; the latter is a new approach up to our knowledge. This new approach takes into account not only the single-track lines but also the double- and multi-track lines, as well as stations composed of tracks and switches. We consider the conditions of minimal headway between trains, minimal stay on stations, track occupation, and rolling stock circulation. Furthermore, a hybrid quantum-classical procedure is presented that includes rerouting. We demonstrate the proof of concept implementation on the D-Wave Quantum Processing Unit and D-Wave hybrid solver.
Backtesting stochastic mortality models by prediction interval-based metrics
Authors: Scognamiglio Salvatore , Marino Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman lifespan increments represent one of the main current risks for governments and pension and health benefits providers. Longevity societies imply financial sustainability challenges to guarantee adequate socioeconomic conditions for all individuals for a longer period. Consequently, modelling population dynamics and projecting future longevity scenarios are vital tasks for policymakers. As an answer, the demographic and the actuarial literature have been introduced and compared to several stochastic mortality models, although few studies have thoroughly tested the uncertainty concerning mortality projections. Forecasting mortality uncertainty levels have a central role since they reveal the potential, unexpected longevity rise and the related economic impact. Therefore, the present study poses a methodological framework to backtest uncertainty in mortality projections by exploiting uncertainty metrics not yet adopted in mortality literature. Using the data from the Human Mortality Database of the male and female populations of five countries, we present some numerical applications to illustrate how the proposed criterion works. The results show that there is no mortality model overperforming the others in all cases, and the best model choice depends on the data considered.
The preference for belief, issue polarization, and echo chambers
Authors: Baumgaertner Bert , Justwan Florian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome common explanations of issue polarization and echo chambers rely on social or cognitive mechanisms of exclusion. Accordingly, suggested interventions like “be more open-minded” target these mechanisms: avoid epistemic bubbles and don’t discount contrary information. Contrary to such explanations, we show how a much weaker mechanism—the preference for belief—can produce issue polarization in epistemic communities with little to no mechanisms of exclusion. We present a network model (with an empirically-validated structure) that demonstrates how a dynamic interaction between the preference for belief and common structures of epistemic communities can turn very small unequal distributions of initial beliefs into full-blown polarization. This points to a different class of explanations, one that emphasizes the importance of the initial spread of information. We also show how our model complements extant explanations by including a version of biased assimilation and motivated reasoning—cognitive mechanisms of exclusion. We find that mechanisms of exclusion can exacerbate issue polarization, but may not be the ultimate root of it. Hence, the recommended interventions suggested by extant literature is expected to be limited and the problem of issue polarization to be even more intractable.
Injuries in Canadian high school boys’ collision sports: insights across football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and rugby
Authors: West Stephen W. , Pankow Mark. P. , Gibson Eric S. , Eliason Paul H. , Black Amanda M. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Collision sport participation rates among high school youth in Canada are high. While participation is beneficial for physical and mental well-being, the rates of injury in these sports are high.

Aims
This study aims to compare injury rates and profiles across four common youth collision sports (ice hockey, tackle football, lacrosse, rugby).

Methods
Data from a cross-sectional questionnaire of 2029 high school youth were used to identify male collision sport participants to be included in this secondary analysis (n = 360).

Results
Of the 2029 students who completed the questionnaire, 360 participated in collision-based sports [Ages: 14 (5%), 15 (41%), 16 (25%), 17 (26%), 18 (3%)]. The rates of injury ranged from 12.7 injuries/100 participants/year (rugby) to 33.1 injuries/100 participants/year (ice hockey). Concussion rates ranged from 12.4 (football) to 15.8 (ice hockey) concussions/100 participants/year. Similarities existed in the profile of injuries between sports, with most injuries occurring due to contact with another player (range 57.0% to 87.5%). Injuries to the head (33.3%), wrist/hand (16.0%), shoulder (12.8%), and knee (12.0%) were the most prevalent injury type. Substantial differences in previous playing experience existed between sports.

Discussion
The high rate of injury and concussion reported across each of these sports highlights the need for the introduction of primary prevention strategies in these sports aimed to reduce the risk of injury.
Circulatory health risks from additive multi-pollutant models: short-term exposure to three common air pollutants in Canada
Authors: Shin Hwashin Hyun , Owen James , Maquiling Aubrey , Parajuli Rajendra Prasad , Smith-Doiron Marc 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies have reported adverse health effects of ambient air pollution on circulatory health outcomes mainly based on single-pollutant models. However, limited studies have focused on adjusted effect of multi-pollutant exposures on public health. This study aimed to examine short-term effects of three common air pollutants—ground-level ozone (ozone), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—through multi-pollutant models for mixed effect of adjustment. Daily data (circulatory hospitalization and mortality) and hourly data (air pollutants and temperature) were collected for 24 Canadian cities for 2001–2012. We applied generalized additive over-dispersion Poisson regression models with 1, 2, or 3 pollutants for city-specific risks, and Bayesian hierarchical models for national risks. This study found little mixed effect of adjustment through multi-pollutant models (ozone and/or NO2 and/or PM2.5) for circulatory hospitalization or mortality in Canada for 2001–2012, indicating that the 1-pollutant model did not result in considerable under- or over-estimates. It seemed weak-to-moderate correlations among air pollutants did not change the significant effect of one air pollutant after accounting for others. Inconsistent findings between other previous studies and this study indicate the need of comparable study design for multi-pollutant effect analysis.
Dinitroaniline herbicides: a comprehensive review of toxicity and side effects on animal non-target organisms
Authors: Giglio Anita , Vommaro Maria Luigia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe widespread use of herbicides has increased concern about the hazards and risks to animals living in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. A comprehensive understanding of their effective action at different levels of biological organization is critical for establishing guidelines to protect ecosystems and human health. Dinitroanilines are broad-spectrum pre-emergence herbicides currently used for weed control in the conventional agriculture. They are considered extremely safe agrochemicals because they act specifically on tubulin proteins and inhibit shoot and root growth of plants. However, there is a lack of toxicity information regarding the potential risk of exposure to non-target organisms. The aim of the present review is to focus on side effects of the most commonly used active ingredients, e.g. pendimethalin, oryzalin, trifluralin and benfluralin, on animal non-target cells of invertebrates and vertebrates. Acute toxicity varies from slightly to high in terrestrial and aquatic species (i.e. nematodes, earthworms, snails, insects, crustaceans, fish and mammals) depending on the species-specific ability of tested organisms to adsorb and discharge toxicants. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and activation of oxidative stress pathways as well as alterations of physiological, metabolic, morphological, developmental and behavioural traits, reviewed here, indicate that exposure to sublethal concentrations of active ingredients poses a clear hazard to animals and humans. Further research is required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of action of these herbicides in the animal cell and on biological functions at multiple levels, from organisms to communities, including the effects of commercial formulations.
Can the Kuznetsov Model Replicate and Predict Cancer Growth in Humans?
Authors: El Wajeh Mohammad , Jung Falco , Bongartz Dominik , Kappatou Chrysoula Dimitra , Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , Mitsos Alexander , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral mathematical models to predict tumor growth over time have been developed in the last decades. A central aspect of such models is the interaction of tumor cells with immune effector cells. The Kuznetsov model (Kuznetsov et al. in Bull Math Biol 56(2):295–321, 1994) is the most prominent of these models and has been used as a basis for many other related models and theoretical studies. However, none of these models have been validated with large-scale real-world data of human patients treated with cancer immunotherapy. In addition, parameter estimation of these models remains a major bottleneck on the way to model-based and data-driven medical treatment. In this study, we quantitatively fit Kuznetsov’s model to a large dataset of 1472 patients, of which 210 patients have more than six data points, by estimating the model parameters of each patient individually. We also conduct a global practical identifiability analysis for the estimated parameters. We thus demonstrate that several combinations of parameter values could lead to accurate data fitting. This opens the potential for global parameter estimation of the model, in which the values of all or some parameters are fixed for all patients. Furthermore, by omitting the last two or three data points, we show that the model can be extrapolated and predict future tumor dynamics. This paves the way for a more clinically relevant application of mathematical tumor modeling, in which the treatment strategy could be adjusted in advance according to the model’s future predictions.
Short-term DAPT after coronary stenting has similar ischemic and bleeding outcomes as long-term DAPT: a 5-year population-based cohort study
Authors: Balaji Srinivasan Sriraag , Sehly Amro , Jaltotage Biyanka , Qin Simon , Ihdayhid Abdul Rahman , Marangou James , Rankin James M. , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Dwivedi Girish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial.

Aim
We investigated the relationship between DAPT duration following PCI and long-term ischemic and bleeding outcomes under real-world conditions.

Methods
Patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent PCI with stenting in Western Australian hospitals between 2003 and 2008 and survived 2 years were identified from linked hospital admissions data. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) defined as a composite of all-cause death and admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), coronary artery revascularization procedure, stroke, and major bleeding. Secondary outcomes were ACS admissions, all-cause death, and major bleeding admissions. Patients were followed up for 5 years from initial PCI.

Results
A total of 3963 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the cohort was 74.5 ± 6.1 years with 67.3% males. No significant difference was seen with 6–12, 12–18, or 18–24 months DAPT, compared to 0–6 months DAPT duration for MACCE and all secondary outcomes at 3- and 5-year post-PCI.

Conclusion
There is no significant difference in both bleeding and ischemic outcomes in long-term DAPT as compared to short-term DAPT for first- and second-generation drug-eluting stents in a real-world population.