bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL URBAN PEDAGOGY: Convites as Sites of Southern Urbanism, Solidarity Construction and Urban Learning
Authors: Ortiz Catalina , Millan Gynna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLearning from the pedagogical potentials of Southern city‐making practices is imperative to foster emancipatory urban learning settings. However, the ways in which urban learning spaces beyond professional settings operate and how Southern urbanism practices constitute new critical pedagogies are poorly understood. We draw on research about urban learning on ‘slum upgrading’ in the city of Medellín (Colombia), a benchmark in dealing in tandem with informality and urban violence, to analyze the pedagogical potentials of convites. Convites are an essential sociospatial mechanism of self‐build settlements rooted in solidarity networks that initiate collective action and celebration through public cooking. This practice of makeshift community kitchens led by women became the backbone of the response to the scarcities caused by the pandemic in self‐built neighborhoods in Latin America. In this article we ask what Southern urbanism and critical pedagogy can learn from convites. We then analyze the ways in which convites combine community kitchens as learning environments, the use of collective storytelling as a learning device, and collective action through networked solidarities. We argue that critical urban pedagogy is a situated pedagogy derived from everyday relations of place, body and materiality infused by memory and articulated by storytelling.
Penile size in term newborns in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Meskele Kisu , Meseret Fikir , Yesuf Aman , Fantahun Bereket 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the normative value of stretched penile length (SPL) for Ethiopian newborns and to set a cut‐off point for micropenis.MethodsA total of 221 term newborns were included in the study. Stretched penile length was measured in the first 72 h of postnatal age in neonates with a gestational age of 37–42 completed weeks. SPL < −2 SD was taken as micropenis in this study.ResultsThe minimum and maximum penile length were 2.5 cm and 5 cm, respectively, with a mean ± SD of 3.28 ± 0.42. SPL at −2 SD and +2 SD were 2.43 and 4.12 cm respectively. A significant correlation was observed between penile length and body length (p = 0.005). Neonates born via instrumental delivery had larger SPL compared to those who were delivered by caesarean section (p = 0.01) or by vaginal delivery (p = 0.006).ConclusionThe mean stretched penile length in our study mirrors findings from other African studies. SPL < 2.43 cm can be considered as micropenis in our setting. Therefore, routine genital examination and interpretation at birth is crucial to identify micropenis which might herald a serious underlying condition that needs further investigation.
Comparative assessment of viral dynamic models for SARS‐CoV‐2 for pharmacodynamic assessment in early treatment trials
Authors: Agyeman Akosua A. , You Tao , Chan Phylinda L. S. , Lonsdale Dagan O. , Hadjichrysanthou Christoforos , Mahungu Tabitha , Wey Emmanuel Q. , Lowe David M. , Lipman Marc C. I. , Breuer Judy , Kloprogge Frank , Standing Joseph F. 
Published: August 2022

Pharmacometric analyses of time series viral load data may detect drug effects with greater power than approaches using single time points. Because SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load rapidly rises and then falls, viral dynamic models have been used. We compared different modelling approaches when analysing Phase II‐type viral dynamic data. Using two SARS‐CoV‐2 datasets of viral load starting within 7 days of symptoms, we fitted the slope‐intercept exponential decay (SI), reduced target cell limited (rTCL), target cell limited (TCL) and TCL with eclipse phase (TCLE) models using nlmixr. Model performance was assessed via Bayesian information criterion (BIC), visual predictive checks (VPCs), goodness‐of‐fit plots, and parameter precision. The most complex (TCLE) model had the highest BIC for both datasets. The estimated viral decline rate was similar for all models except the TCL model for dataset A with a higher rate (median [range] day−1: dataset A; 0.63 [0.56–1.84]; dataset B: 0.81 [0.74–0.85]). Our findings suggest simple models should be considered during pharmacodynamic model development.
Chicken‐derived CD20 antibodies with potent B‐cell depletion activity
Authors: Chockalingam Karuppiah , Kumar Anil , Song Jianxun , Chen Zhilei 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWe report four novel anti‐human CD20 (hCD20) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) discovered from a phylogenetically distant species—chickens. The chicken–human chimaeric antibodies exhibit at least 10‐fold enhanced antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and 4–8‐fold stronger complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) relative to the clinically used mouse–human chimaeric anti‐hCD20 antibody rituximab (RTX). Thus, to our knowledge these mAbs are the first to significantly outperform RTX in both Fc‐mediated mechanisms of action. The antibodies show 20–100‐fold superior depletion of B cells in whole blood from healthy humans relative to RTX and retain efficacy in vivo. One of the mAbs, AC1, can bind mouse CD20, indicating specificity for a novel hCD20 epitope inaccessible to current (mouse‐derived) anti‐hCD20 mAbs. A humanized version of one antibody, hAC11‐10, was created by complementarity‐determining region (CDR) grafting into a human variable region framework and this molecule retained the ADCC, in vitro human whole‐blood B‐cell depletion, and in vivo lymphoma cell depletion activities of the parent. These mAbs represent promising monotherapy candidates for improving upon current less‐than‐ideal clinical outcomes in lymphoid malignancies and provide an arsenal of biologically relevant molecules for the development of next‐generation CD20‐mediated immunotherapies including bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTE), antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) and chimaeric antigen receptor‐engineered T (CAR‐T) cells.
Existing indicators do not adequately monitor progress toward meeting invasive alien species targets
Authors: Vicente Joana R. , Vaz A. Sofia , Roige Mariona , Winter Marten , Lenzner Bernd , Clarke David A. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMonitoring the progress parties have made toward meeting global biodiversity targets requires appropriate indicators. The recognition of invasive alien species (IAS) as a biodiversity threat has led to the development of specific targets aiming at reducing their prevalence and impact. However, indicators for adequately monitoring and reporting on the status of biological invasions have been slow to emerge, with those that exist being arguably insufficient. We performed a systematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature to assess the adequacy of existing IAS indicators against a range of policy‐relevant and scientifically valid properties. We found that very few indicators have most of the desirable properties and that existing indicators are unevenly spread across the components of the Driver‐Pressure‐State‐Response and Theory of Change frameworks. We provide three possible reasons for this: (i) inadequate attention paid to the requirements of an effective IAS indicator, (ii) insufficient data required to populate and inform policy‐relevant, scientifically robust indicators, or (iii) deficient investment in the development and maintenance of IAS indicators. This review includes an analysis of where current inadequacies in IAS indicators exist and provides a roadmap for the future development of indicators capable of measuring progress made toward mitigating and halting biological invasions.
Land's Constraints and Possibilities–High‐Altitude Farmers in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Schneider Almut 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh‐altitude farmers in South Tyrol (Italy) live and work in the mountain belt of the Eastern Alps and are the focus of an ongoing research project on which first results are presented here. Located between 1200 and 1900 m above sea level, some of their farmsteads are among the highest in Western Europe. This historico‐political development of the region accounts for the relatively favorable situation of these farmers. Since the 1970s, the regional government has regularly subsidized these smallholdings, to ensure that the farmers can remain on their land and market their produce. Keeping the mountain sites cultivated is crucial for ecological reasons but also for the tourist industry on which the region and its people depend heavily. How do farmers approach the apparent contradiction between self‐sufficiency that lies at the core of their work, and, the resources that they need and receive from external agencies?
Multimodal testing reveals subclinical neurovascular dysfunction in prediabetes, challenging the diagnostic threshold of diabetes
Authors: Kirthi Varo , Reed Kate I. , Alattar Komeil , Zuckerman Benjamin P. , Bunce Catey , Nderitu Paul , Alam Uazman , Clarke Bronagh , Hau Scott , Al‐Shibani Fatima , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Malik Rayaz A. , Pissas Theodoros , Bergeles Christos , Vas Prashanth , Hopkins David , Jackson Timothy L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo explore if novel non‐invasive diagnostic technologies identify early small nerve fibre and retinal neurovascular pathology in prediabetes.MethodsParticipants with normoglycaemia, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes underwent an exploratory cross‐sectional analysis with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A), handheld electroretinography (ERG), corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and evaluation of electrochemical skin conductance (ESC).ResultsSeventy‐five participants with normoglycaemia (n = 20), prediabetes (n = 29) and type 2 diabetes (n = 26) were studied. Compared with normoglycaemia, mean peak ERG amplitudes of retinal responses at low (16‐Td·s: 4.05 μV, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.96–7.13) and high (32‐Td·s: 5·20 μV, 95% CI 1.54–8.86) retinal illuminance were lower in prediabetes, as were OCT‐A parafoveal vessel densities in superficial (0.051 pixels/mm2, 95% CI 0.005–0.095) and deep (0.048 pixels/mm2, 95% CI 0.003–0.093) retinal layers. There were no differences in CCM or ESC measurements between these two groups. Correlations between HbA1c and peak ERG amplitude at 32‐Td·s (r = −0.256, p = 0.028), implicit time at 32‐Td·s (r = 0.422, p < 0.001) and 16‐Td·s (r = 0.327, p = 0.005), OCT parafoveal vessel density in the superficial (r = −0.238, p = 0.049) and deep (r = −0.3, p = 0.017) retinal layers, corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL) (r = −0.293, p = 0.017), and ESC‐hands (r = −0.244, p = 0.035) were observed. HOMA‐IR was a predictor of CNFD (β = −0.94, 95% CI −1.66 to −0.21, p = 0.012) and CNBD (β = −5.02, 95% CI −10.01 to −0.05, p = 0.048).ConclusionsThe glucose threshold for the diagnosis of diabetes is based on emergent retinopathy on fundus examination. We show that both abnormal retinal neurovascular structure (OCT‐A) and function (ERG) may precede retinopathy in prediabetes, which require confirmation in larger, adequately powered studies.
Effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on remnant cholesterol and lipid residual risk: The LIPID‐REAL registry
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Fernández Olmo Mª. Rosa , Cortez Quiroga Gustavo A. , Romero‐Menor Cesar , Fácila Lorenzo , Seijas‐Amigo José , Rondán Murillo Juan , Sandin Miriam , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés , Bello Mora María C. , Valle Alfonso , Fornovi Aisa , Freixa Pamias Roman , Bañeras Jordi , Blanch García Pedro , Clemente Lorenzo María Milagros , Sánchez‐Álvarez Sergio , López‐Rodríguez Luis , González‐Juanatey José R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibodies that inhibit the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 55%, regardless of baseline treatments. Nonetheless, the effect of other lipid parameters, such as cholesterol remnants or, the so‐called lipid residual risk, is unknown.MethodsMulticenter and retrospective registry of patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors from 14 different hospitals in Spain. Before and on‐treatment lipid parameters were recorded. Residual lipid risk was estimated by (1) cholesterol remnants, (2) triglycerides/HDLc ratio (TG/HDL), (3) total cholesterol/HDLc (TC/HDL) and (4) the triglycerides‐to‐glucose index (TGGi).ResultsSix hundred fifty‐two patients were analysed, mean age of 60.2 (9.63) years, 24.69% women and mean LDLc before treatment 149.24 (49.86) mg/dl. Median time to second blood determination was 187.5 days. On‐treatment LDLc was 67.46 (45.78) mg/dl, which represented a 55% reduction. Significant reductions were observed for TG/HDL ratio, cholesterol remnants, TC/HDL ratio and TGGi. As consequence, 34.61% patients had LDLc <55 mg/dl and cholesterol remnants <30 mg/dl; additionally, 31.95% had cholesterol remnants <30 mg/dl but LDLc >55 mg/dl. Patients who had levels of cholesterol remnants >30 mg/dl before initiating the treatment with PCSK9 had higher reductions in cholesterol remnants, TG/HDL ratio, TC/HDL and TGGi. By contrast, no reduction differences were observed according to baseline LDLc (< or > the mean), age, gender or obesity.ConclusionsThis multicenter and retrospective registry of real‐world patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors demonstrates a positive effect on cholesterol remnants and lipid residual risk beyond LDLc reductions.
Conservative management of a horizontal root fracture in a primary maxillary central incisor: Case report
Authors: Sancas Mariana Coutinho , Pires Paula Maciel , Primo Laura Guimarães 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDental trauma occurs frequently in toddlers and the treatment protocols vary depending on each case. Thus, clinicians must not only plan the treatment but also consider any possible sequelae and characteristics related to the child and the family. The aim of this paper was to report a case of a three‐year‐old boy who had a horizontal root fracture in the middle third of the primary maxillary right incisor root (tooth 51) and crown discoloration of the primary maxillary left incisor (tooth 61) which were successfully treated with conservative management. The management was established in agreement with the family and was based on active surveillance. The clinical and radiographic follow‐ups showed no changes besides pulp canal calcification of the left incisor throughout the eight years of follow‐up. The pulps remained normal with no pathological signs throughout their life cycle and the permanent successors erupted normally, presenting an excellent result of the non‐invasive approach adopted.
Caregiving roles of female guardians, older siblings, and time spent on child activities
Authors: Hapunda Given 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study investigated the different roles Zambian guardians and older siblings play in stimulating children and how time spent engaging in child stimulating activities was associated with child stimulation. In this study, guardians were women who are primary caregivers of the children.BackgroundA lot of research has been done on child stimulation but little is known of different roles caregivers, especially older siblings, play in child stimulation.MethodQuestionnaires were administered to caregivers (both older siblings and guardians) of children between 3 and 5 years of age and their older siblings above 7 years old.ResultsResults showed that despite the female guardians spending more time taking care of their children, older siblings were significantly more involved in child stimulating activities than the female guardians. Further data showed that guardians with more education were associated with increased child stimulation. However, socioeconomic status, age of guardians, and family size were not associated with child stimulation.ConclusionIn poor communities, older siblings engage more in child stimulating activities than their guardians. Child stimulation interventions have often focused on parents (guardians) leaving out older siblings who may play a more critical role, especially in circumstance were parental care and availability are absent. Therefore, for child cognitive and socioemotional stimulation interventions to be more effective in poor communities, they should include siblings. More research is needed to understand the role of male guardians and the degree to which sibling stimulation predicts cognitive and socioemotional development.
The corona blues according to daily life changes by COVID‐19: A partial least squares regression model
Authors: Gim Tae‐Hyoung Tommy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study identifies determinants of the variation in depression resulting from COVID‐19, specifies in detail the changes to daily life, and then compares the determinants' magnitude. The determinants were combined into three groups: first, the unpredictability of the disease and side effects by its response measures (specifically, restrictions on the freedom of movement and strain on social relationships); second, (mis)information through social media, public authorities, and mass media; and third, income reductions and other sociodemographic factors. Daily life changes were divided into four categories: travel/mobility, time at home (alone and with family), domestic activities (remote work, online shopping, food deliveries, reading, and online networking), and conflicts (with family and neighbors). We measured the total 29 predictors using data from the 2020 Seoul Survey, which is based on face‐to‐face interviews with a probability sample of adult residents. We made our estimations using partial least squares regression, which can analyze all original variables regardless of collinearity. The regression model found that major stressors include declines in out‐of‐home offline networking and the rise of domestic activities—and subsequent conflicts with family—restrictions on mobility (specifically, those of leisure travel), and income reductions. In contrast, changes to working and shopping (to remote work and online shopping) rather than leisure increased uses of private transportation modes. Moreover, we found influences of all forms of communications and media to be insignificant. We shall also provide a discussion on policy and academic implications of the findings.
Hierarchical microstructure growth in a precursor‐derived SiOC thin film prepared on silicon substrate
Authors: Ricohermoso Emmanuel III , Heripre Eva , Solano‐Arana Susana , Riedel Ralf , Ionescu Emanuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicon oxycarbide film deposited on a silicon substrate has shown superior electrical conductivity relative to its monolithic counterpart. In this work, the evolution of different microstructures detected on the SiOC film reveals its hierarchical microstructure. The existence of sp2‐hybridized carbon domains has been unambiguously confirmed by means of Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy corroborated with electron energy loss spectroscopy. The diffusion coefficient of carbon in silica and its dependence on temperature were studied by assessing energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy profiles taken from the cross‐sections of samples annealed at temperatures in the range from 1100°C to 1400°C. The activation energy for diffusion of carbon in silica was determined to be approximately 3.05 eV, which is significantly lower than the values related to the self‐diffusion of silicon and oxygen. The microstructural evolution of precursor to SiCnO4‐n and SiC serves as migration path of sp2‐hybridized carbon to the SiOx layer. With increasing temperature, the formation of microscale carbon‐rich segregation is promoted while the SiOC film becomes thinner.
Effect of a YIG nanoparticle additive on the magnetic properties of MnZn ferrites for MHz frequency applications
Authors: Ying Yao , Feng Jiawei , Li Zhaocheng , Zheng Jingwu , Yu Jing , Li Wangchang , Qiao Liang , Cai Wei , Li Juan , Huang Hui , Zhao Tiejun , Che Shenglei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, MnZn ferrites with added YIG nanoparticles were developed for MHz frequency applications. The effect of the magnetic YIG additive on the power loss, initial permeability, and cutoff frequency of MnZn ferrites was investigated. A small quantity of added YIG effectively reduces the power loss and concurrently increases the initial permeability. Compared to the results for the MnZn ferrite with no added YIG, the optimal MnZn ferrite with 600 ppm added YIG exhibits a reduction in the power loss at 25°C of 56.4% and 36.6% at 1 MHz/50 mT and 3 MHz/10 mT, respectively, and a 13.9% increase in the initial permeability. This sample also exhibits a good stability of the power loss against temperature. The power loss remains below 205 kW/m3 over temperatures ranging from 25 to 140°C. The effect mechanism of YIG addition on the magnetic properties of MnZn ferrites was studied. An analysis based on the equivalent circuit model showed that the reduction in the eddy current loss and power loss mainly results from the increase in the grain boundary resistance caused by the addition of highly resistive YIG.
Sterols of Amphidinium species in the Operculatum Clade: Predominance of cholesterol instead of Δ8(14) sterols previously considered Amphidinium‐specific biomarkers
Authors: Leblond Jeffrey D. , Elkins Lindsey C. , Sabir Kyra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae and Amphidinium corpulentum have been previously characterized as having Δ8(14)‐nuclear unsaturated 4α‐methyl‐5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐en‐3β‐ol (C28:1) and 4α‐methyl‐5α‐ergosta‐8(14),24(28)‐dien‐3β‐ol (amphisterol; C29:2) as predominant sterols, where they comprise approximately 80% of the total sterol composition. These two sterols have hence been considered as possible major sterol biomarkers for the genus. Here, we have examined the sterols of four recently identified species of Amphidinium (Amphidinium fijiense, Amphidinium magnum, Amphidinium theodori, and Amphidinium tomasii) that are closely related to Amphidinium operculatum as part of what is termed the Operculatum Clade to show that each species has its sterol composition dominated by the common dinoflagellate sterol cholesterol (cholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol; C27:1), which is found in many other dinoflagellate genera, rather than Δ8(14) sterols. While the Δ8(14) sterols 4α‐methyl‐5α‐cholest‐8(14)‐en‐3β‐ol and 4α,23,24‐trimethyl‐5α‐cholest‐8(14),22E‐dien‐3β‐ol (C30:2) were present as minor sterols along with another common dinoflagellate sterol, 4α,23,24‐trimethyl‐5α‐cholest‐22E‐en‐3β‐ol (dinosterol; C30:1), in some of these four species, amphisterol was not conclusively observed. From a chemotaxonomic perspective, while this does reinforce the genus Amphidinium's ability to produce Δ8(14) sterols, albeit here as minor sterols, these results demonstrate that caution should be used when considering Δ8(14) sterols, especially amphisterol, as Amphidinium‐specific biomarkers within these species where cholesterol is the predominant sterol.