bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New cardiovascular events in the convalescent period among survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I , Baskett William I , Huang Wei , Akinci Yasemin , Suri M Fareed K , Naqvi S Hasan , French Brandi R , Siddiq Farhan , Gomez Camilo R , Shyu Chi-Ren 
Published: July 2022

Background: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have an increased risk of acute cardiovascular events in the convalescent period. Aims: To determine whether patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have an increased risk of cardiovascular events during the convalescent period. Methods: We analyzed 10,691 hospitalized adult pneumonia patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and contemporary matched controls of pneumonia patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection. The risk of new cardiovascular events following >30 days pneumonia admission (convalescent period) was ascertained using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Among 10,691 pneumonia patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 697 patients (5.8%; 95% CI, 5.4–6.2%) developed new cardiovascular events (median time interval of 218 days post pneumonia admission; interquartile range Q1 = 117 days, Q3 = 313 days). The risk of new cardiovascular events was not significantly higher among pneumonia patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those with pneumonia without SARS-CoV-2 infection (hazard ratio (HR), 0.90, 95% CI, 0.80–1.02) after adjustment for potential confounders. In addition, no significant difference in the rate of a new ischemic stroke (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70–1.02) or ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.87–1.15) was observed between the pneumonia patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: Our study suggests that new cardiovascular events rate in the convalescent period among pneumonia patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was not significantly higher than the rate seen with other pneumonias.
Gait in cerebral small vessel disease, pre-dementia, and dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Blumen Helena M , Jayakody Oshadi , Verghese Joe 
Published: July 2022

Background: The interrelationships between gait, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and cognitive impairments in aging are not well-understood—despite their common co-occurrence. Objective: To systematically review studies of gait impairment in CSVD, pre-dementia, and dementia, and to identify key gaps for future research and novel pathways toward intervention. Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided search strategy was implemented in PubMed to identify relevant studies. Potential articles (n = 263) published prior to 1 December 2021 were screened by two reviewers. Studies with sample sizes >20 and including some adults over > 65 years (n = 202) were included. Results: The key findings were that (1) adverse gait and cognitive outcomes were associated with several (rather than select) CSVD pathologies distributed across the brain, and (2) poor gait and CSVD pathologies were more strongly associated with dementia with a vascular, rather than an Alzheimer’s disease-related, cause. Discussion: A better understanding of the interrelationships between gait performance in CSVD, pre-dementia, and dementia requires studies examining (1) comprehensive patterns in the clinical manifestations of CSVD, (2) racially/ethnically diverse samples, (3) samples followed for extended periods of time or across the adult life span, (4) non-traditional CSVD neuroimaging markers (e.g. resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)), and (5) continuous (e.g. wearable sensors) and complex (e.g. dual-task) walking performance.
How do local authority plans to tackle obesity reflect systems thinking?
Authors: Taheem R , Woods-Townsend K , Lawrence W , Baird J , Godfrey KM , Hanson M 
Published: July 2022

Aims: A whole systems approach to tackling obesity has been recommended by Public Health England for several years. This qualitative study aimed to investigate whether systems thinking is reflected in local authority plans and strategies to tackle obesity, using the leverage points for intervention in a complex system, as a framework. Method: We sought to identify obesity strategies/plans for Southampton and 19 other local authority comparators (based on children’s services and Office for National Statistics data). A healthy weight strategy was available for 10 local authorities and a qualitative document analysis was undertaken. The policy actions proposed in the plans were coded against the leverage points for intervention in a complex system and themes were developed to characterise interventions in each category. Results: A majority of actions included in the plans were categorised as ‘Numbers, Constants and Parameters’ which reflect downstream measures. However, there were examples of actions that could act on higher leverage points. In addition, some local authority plans included interventions that could act on 10 of the 12 leverage points suggesting incorporation of systems thinking. Conclusions: Some local authority plans to tackle obesity do reflect systems thinking when viewed through the lens of the leverage points for intervention in a complex system. Interventions at higher leverage points should be prioritised by public health decision-makers, especially in a climate of competing agendas and limited resources.
Sponsorship of Australian and New Zealand medical societies by healthcare companies: an observational study
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: July 2022

Summary Objectives To examine sponsorship of Australian and New Zealand medical societies by healthcare companies and whether societies have policies to deal with conflicts of interest. Design Cross-sectional study conducted in March 2022. Setting Australia and New Zealand Participants Medical societies in both countries. Main outcome measures The percent of medical societies that list sponsorship from healthcare companies on either their home webpages or the webpages of their annual meetings and/or that issue prospectuses to potential sponsors. The percent of societies with sponsorship that also have policies about their interactions with their sponsors. Whether societies feature their sponsors’ logos on their webpages and have hyperlinks to sponsors’ webpages and what percent of societies' annual revenue comes from sponsorships. Results Ninety-two medical societies were identified. Sixty-two had healthcare company sponsorship and 10 of the societies with sponsorship had policies to deal with interactions with their sponsors. Fifty-four societies displayed the logos of their sponsors on their home webpages and/or the webpages of their annual meetings. Only 6 societies provided enough information to calculate what percent of their revenue comes from sponsorships. For 5 of the 6 the percent was well below 50%. Conclusions The acceptance of sponsorships from healthcare companies by Australian and New Zealand societies is common and few societies have policies to deal with these relationships. In general, societies appear to get only a small percent of their annual revenue from sponsorships.
Relationship Between Posterior Tibial Slope and Lower Extremity Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Drop Landing Combined With a Cognitive Task in Athletes After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Kikuchi Naoya , Kanamori Akihiro , Kadone Hideki , Kajiwara Masaya , Okuno Kosuke , Hyodo Kojiro , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: July 2022

Background: A steeper posterior tibial slope (PTS) is an important risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reinjury. The PTS may affect lower extremity biomechanics under competition-like conditions for athletes with a reconstructed ACL. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the PTS would be associated with lower extremity biomechanics, which may increase ACL strain. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Included were 10 athletes (mean age, 20.9 ± 1.8 years) who had undergone ACL reconstruction. The authors recorded the 3-dimensional lower extremity biomechanics while participants performed a single-leg drop jump with the Stroop task (dual task). Kinematic and kinetic data were analyzed and compared between the involved and contralateral limbs. The medial and lateral PTSs were measured using magnetic resonance imaging scans of the involved knee. The correlation between the biomechanical data and the PTS in each knee was evaluated. Results: The lateral PTS was significantly correlated with the maximum hip adduction moment ( r = 0.64; P < .05) and maximum internal tibial rotation angle ( r = 0.71; P < .05) in the involved limb. There were no differences in kinematic and kinetic data between the involved and contralateral limbs. Conclusion: In athletes after ACL reconstruction, the lateral PTS was directly associated with the maximum internal tibial rotation angle during single-leg drop landing with a cognitive task. Clinical Relevance: The findings in this study indicate that a steeper lateral PTS may cause internal rotation of the tibia during landing, which may be associated with reinjury in athletes with a reconstructed ACL.
RNA-Sequencing based analysis of bovine endometrium during the maternal recognition of pregnancy
Authors: Adhikari Bindu , Lee Chin N. , Khadka Vedbar S. , Deng Youping , Fukumoto Glen , Thorne Mark , Caires Kyle , Odani Jenee , Mishra Birendra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal recognition is the crucial step for establishing pregnancy in cattle. This study aims to identify endometrial genes and biological pathways involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy. Caruncular endometrial tissues were collected from Day 15–17 of gestation (pregnant), non-pregnant (absence of conceptus), and cyclic (non-bred) heifers.ResultsTotal RNAs were isolated from the caruncular endometrial tissues of pregnant, non-pregnant, and cyclic heifers, and were subjected to high-throughput RNA-sequencing. The genes with at least two-fold change and Benjamini and Hochbergp-value ≤ 0.05 were considered differentially expressed genes and further confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR. A total of 107 genes (pregnant vs cyclic) and 98 genes (pregnant vs non-pregnant) were differentially expressed in the pregnant endometrium. The most highly up-regulated genes in the pregnant endometrium wereMRS2,CST6,FOS,VLDLR,ISG15, IFI6, MX2,C15H11ORF34,EIF3M,PRSS22,MS4A8, andTINAGL1. Interferon signaling, immune response, nutrient transporter, synthesis, and secretion of proteins are crucial pathways during the maternal recognition of pregnancy.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that the presence of conceptus at Day 15–17 of gestation affects the endometrial gene expression related to endometrial remodeling, immune response, nutrients and ion transporters, and relevant signaling pathways in the caruncular region of bovine endometrium during the maternal recognition of pregnancy.
Analysis of clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with hepatic hydrothorax: a single-center study from China
Authors: Ma Bo , Shang Tianling , Huang Jianjie , Tu Zhixin , Wang Yan , Han Yujin , Wen Xiaoyu , Jin Qinglong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The clinical features and factors affecting the prognostic survival of hepatic hydrothorax (HH) are currently unknown.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 131 patients with HH using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to assess factors influencing the prognosis of HH.

Results
A total of 131 patients were enrolled: the male to female ratio was 80:51 (1.59:1), and the mean age was 52.76 ± 11.88 years. Hepatitis B cirrhosis was the main cause of HH, and abdominal distention and dyspnea were the most common clinical signs. Ascites was present in varying amounts in all patients and was the most common decompensated complication, with pleural effusions mostly seen on the right side (107/131; 82%), followed by the left side (16/131; 12%) and bilateral effusions (8/131; 6%). For overall survival without transplantation, the estimated median survival time was 21 (95% confidence interval [CI]:18–25) months, and survival rates at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 77.2%, 62.4%, and 29.7%, respectively. After controlling for covariates that were associated with liver-related mortality in the univariate analysis, males (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.721, 95% CI: 1.114–2.658, P = 0.005) and combined hepatic encephalopathy (HR: 2.016, 95% CI: 1.101–3.693, P = 0.001) were found to be associated with an increase in liver-related mortality.

Conclusions
In this cohort of HH patients without liver transplantation, male sex and hepatic encephalopathy were associated with a higher risk of liver-related death.
Incidence and predictors of multimorbidity among older adults in Korea: a 10-year cohort study
Authors: Lee Tae Wha , Chung Jane , Song Kijun , Kim Eunkyung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to the rapid growth of the older adult population, multimorbidity has become a global concern for an aging society. Multimorbidity has been associated with poor health outcomes, including low quality of life and a high risk of mortality, resulting in an overload of healthcare systems. However, multimorbidity incidence and its related factors are poorly understood among older adults. This study aimed to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors predict multimorbidity incidence among older adults in Korea.

Methods
This longitudinal study used the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) dataset from 2008 to 2018. The KLoSA is a panel survey of nationally representative samples aimed at providing data for developing socioeconomic policies for the increasing aging population in Korea. The study sample included 1967 older adults aged 65 years and over who had none or one of the chronic diseases at the baseline in 2008. Multimorbidity incidence was defined as the co-existence of two or more chronic diseases among 12 doctor-diagnosed diseases based on self-reports. Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to identify significant predictors of multimorbidity incidence over a 10-year follow-up period.

Results
Among 1967 respondents (female 54.5%, mean age 72.94), 625 (31.8%) incidents of multimorbidity were reported, contributing to 47.5 incidents per 1000 people after 10 years of follow-up. Low levels of social interaction, obesity, past smoking habits, and current or past drinking habits were identified as significant predictors of multimorbidity incidence among older adults in Korea.

Conclusions
This study identified older adults at high risk for multimorbidity incidence. These groups require more attention from health care providers in the course of chronic disease monitoring and management. Specific interventions and health policies to promote social interaction and a healthy lifestyle are essential to delay multimorbidity incidence. This longitudinal approach will contribute to developing preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of multimorbidity among older adults.
Two entities in pulmonary nodules of a diabetic patient receiving corticosteroid therapy for bullous pemphigoid: an autopsy case report
Authors: Mizushima Reimi , Haruhara Kotaro , Fukasawa Nei , Satake Mari , Fukui Akira , Koike Kentaro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious complication occurring in immunocompromised patients, who often show multiple nodular lesions with or without cavitation. Due to high mortality and poor prognosis, the earlier detection and initiation of treatment are needed, while the definitive diagnosis is often difficult to make in clinical settings. Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a complication that occurs in patients with bloodstream infections (e.g., infectious endocarditis). Patients with SPE also present with multiple nodules, nodules with or without cavitation, which are quite similar to the findings of IPA. We herein report an autopsy case that showed multiple nodules due to IPA and infectious endocarditis-related SPE.

Case
A 69-year-old man receiving maintenance hemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy was admitted with worsening skin rash due to bullous pemphigoid and toxic epidermal necrolysis. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by an increased dose of oral prednisolone. On the 6th week of admission, he was diagnosed with infectious endocarditis after the isolation of Corynebacterium in blood samples, with a nodule lesion with cavitation in the right lung. Intravenous vancomycin was initiated. After antibacterial treatment, the nodules in the right lung gradually diminished, whereas a nodule with cavitation in the left lung emerged. The nodule in the left lung showed rapid growth along with elevation of serum β-d-glucan and galactomannan antigen. Despite starting treatment with antifungal agents, he died from respiratory failure. An autopsy revealed Groccott staining-positive aspergillus in the left lung, but not in the right lung. We found fibrosis with mitral valve vegetation, indicating a recovery from infectious endocarditis.

Conclusion
Although similar features of nodules with cavitation on CT imaging were shared with SPE and IPA, this case demonstrated that these heterogeneous diseases can occur within the lungs and the distinctly different transitions of CT imaging are helpful for suspecting the presence of multiple pathogeneses.
CpG ODN (K3)—toll-like receptor 9 agonist—induces Th1-type immune response and enhances cytotoxic activity in advanced lung cancer patients: a phase I study
Authors: Otsuka Tomoyuki , Nishida Sumiyuki , Shibahara Takayuki , Temizoz Burcu , Hamaguchi Masanari , Shiroyama Takayuki , Kimura Keiko , Miyake Kotaro , Hirata Haruhiko , Mizuno Yumiko , Yagita Mayu , Manabe Yusuke , Kuroda Etsushi , Takeda Yoshito , Kida Hiroshi , Ishii Ken J. , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) (K3)—a novel synthetic single-stranded DNA immune adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy—induces a potential Th1-type immune response against cancer cells. We conducted a phase I study of CpG ODN (K3) in patients with lung cancer to assess its safety and patients’ immune responses.

Methods
The primary endpoint was the proportion of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at each dose level. Secondary endpoints included safety profile, an immune response, including dynamic changes in immune cell and cytokine production, and progression-free survival (PFS). In a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, the dosage levels for CpG ODN (K3) were 5 or 10 mg/body via subcutaneous injection and 0.2 mg/kg via intravenous administration on days 1, 8, 15, and 29.

Results
Nine patients (eight non-small-cell lung cancer; one small-cell lung cancer) were enrolled. We found no DLTs at any dose level and observed no serious treatment-related adverse events. The median observation period after registration was 55 days (range: 46–181 days). Serum IFN-α2 levels, but not inflammatory cytokines, increased in six patients after the third administration of CpG ODN (K3) (mean value: from 2.67 pg/mL to 3.61 pg/mL after 24 hours). Serum IFN-γ (mean value, from 9.07 pg/mL to 12.7 pg/m after 24 hours) and CXCL10 levels (mean value, from 351 pg/mL to 676 pg/mL after 24 hours) also increased in eight patients after the third administration. During the treatment course, the percentage of T-bet-expressing CD8+ T cells gradually increased (mean, 49.8% at baseline and 59.1% at day 29, p = 0.0273). Interestingly, both T-bet-expressing effector memory (mean, 52.7% at baseline and 63.7% at day 29, p = 0.0195) and terminally differentiated effector memory (mean, 82.3% at baseline and 90.0% at day 29, p = 0.0039) CD8+ T cells significantly increased. The median PFS was 398 days.

Conclusions
This is the first clinical study showing that CpG ODN (K3) activated innate immunity and elicited Th1-type adaptive immune response and cytotoxic activity in cancer patients. CpG ODN (K3) was well tolerated at the dose settings tested, although the maximum tolerated dose was not determined.

Trial registration
UMIN-CTR number 000023276. Registered 1 September 2016, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000026649
Outcomes of neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a non-ECMO center in a middle-income country: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lum Lucy Chai See , Ramanujam Tindivanum Muthurangam , Yik Yee Ian , Lee Mei Ling , Chuah Soo Lin , Breen Emer , Zainal-Abidin Anis Siham , Singaravel Srihari , Thambidorai Conjeevaram Rajendrarao , de Bruyne Jessie Anne , Nathan Anna Marie , Thavagnanam Surendran , Eg Kah Peng , Chan Lucy , Abdel-Latif Mohamed E. , Gan Chin Seng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Most studies examining survival of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are in high-income countries. We aimed to describe the management, survival to hospital discharge rate, and factors associated with survival of neonates with unilateral CDH in a middle-income country.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical notes of neonates with unilateral CDH admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary referral center over a 15-year period, from 2003–2017. We described the newborns’ respiratory care pathways and then compared baseline demographic, hemodynamic, and respiratory indicators between survivors and non-survivors. The primary outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge.

Results
Altogether, 120 neonates were included with 43.3% (52/120) diagnosed antenatally. Stabilization occurred in 38.3% (46/120) with conventional ventilation, 13.3% (16/120) with high-frequency intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, and 22.5% (27/120) with high frequency oscillatory ventilation. Surgical repair was possible in 75.0% (90/120). The overall 30-day survival was 70.8% (85/120) and survival to hospital discharge was 66.7% (80/120). Survival to hospital discharge tended to improve over time (p > 0.05), from 56.0% to 69.5% before and after, respectively, a service reorganization. For those neonates who could be stabilized and operated on, 90.9% (80/88) survived to hospital discharge. The commonest post-operative complication was infection, occurring in 43.3%. The median survivor length of stay was 32.5 (interquartile range 18.8–58.0) days. Multiple logistic regression modelling showed vaginal delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.1–21.67]; p = 0.041), Apgar score $$\ge$$
≥
7 at 5 min (OR = 6.7; 95% CI [1.2–36.3]; p = 0.028), and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) < 50% at 24 h (OR = 89.6; 95% CI [10.6–758.6]; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with improved survival to hospital discharge.

Conclusions
We report a survival to hospital discharge rate of 66.7%. Survival tended to improve over time, reflecting a greater critical volume of cases and multi-disciplinary care with early involvement of the respiratory team resulting in improved transitioning from PICU. Vaginal delivery, Apgar score $$\ge$$
≥
7 at 5 min, and FiO2 < 50% at 24 h increased the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge.