bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal IgG4‐related sclerosing disease: A rare entity and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Hess Andrew O. , Lobo Brian C. , Leon Marino E. , Duarte Ernesto M. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Justice Jeb M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the rare presentation, imaging and histological findings, and treatments in patients with IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) and diagnostic pitfalls and difficulties.MethodsCases of sinonasal IgG4‐RD were retrieved, and clinicopathological features were reviewed.ResultsSeven cases of sinonasal IgG4‐RD were identified over an 11‐year period, including four males and three females, with an age range of 19–66 years (median 58 years). Patients presented with symptoms related to the mass effect of the lesions or the destructive nature of the disease including fullness, swelling, obstruction, and pain. Serum IgG and IgG4 levels, IgG/IgG4 ratios, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and plasma cell infiltration were seen in varying proportions. Bony erosion and tissue inflammation were present in some cases.ConclusionSinonasal IgG4‐RD is exceedingly rare among other IgG4‐RD and varied in its clinical presentation thus posing as a clinically difficult disease to diagnosis. Proper clinical, pathological, and immunohistopathological analysis is required for accurate diagnosis. Such disease should be considered in all cases of similar presentation to those in this study.Level of Evidence: 4.
Ultra‐Broadband Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Synthesized by Laser‐Induced Thermal Shock
Authors: Sinelnik Artem D. , Rybin Mikhail V. , Gets Dmitry S. , Khubezhov Soslan A. , Zelenkov Lev E. , Makarov Sergey V. , Shishkin Ivan I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) emerge as a novel type of fluorescent materials with a good photostability, biocompatibility, and high quantum yield. They become a promising alternative to conventional fluorescent materials such as rare‐earth phosphors and semiconductor quantum dots owing to their ease of synthesis and fabrication from ready‐available compounds. Near‐infrared (NIR) CDs are of high demand for in vivo studies owing to little photoinduced damage to surrounding tissues, deep penetration of radiation into tissue, and low autofluorescence. A laser‐assisted synthesis approach is demonstrated, which allows NIR‐emitting CDs to be obtained. By rapidly heating the precursors (4,4’‐bis(diethylamino)benzophenone in sol–gel matrix) with femtosecond pulses, NIR emitting CDs can be obtained with the emission in the ranges of 800–1000 and 1100–1600 nm of the resulting CDs.
Women directors and firm innovation: The role of women directors' representative function
Authors: Joecks Jasmin , Pull Kerstin , Scharfenkamp Katrin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe argue that the link between women directors in co‐determined supervisory boards and firm innovation depends on two contextual factors: (1) Women directors' power, as measured by their share among shareholder representatives, and (2) on whether women are represented in both representative functions, that is, shareholder and employee representatives. In our empirical analysis based on German panel data, we find the positive link between women directors and firm innovation to be driven by women shareholder representatives, and we find the joint presence of women among shareholder and employee representatives to be positively linked to firm innovation.
Tensor denoising of multidimensional MRI data
Authors: Olesen Jonas L. , Ianus Andrada , Østergaard Leif , Shemesh Noam , Jespersen Sune N. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo develop a denoising strategy leveraging redundancy in high‐dimensional data.Theory and MethodsThe SNR fundamentally limits the information accessible by MRI. This limitation has been addressed by a host of denoising techniques, recently including the so‐called MPPCA: principal component analysis of the signal followed by automated rank estimation, exploiting the Marchenko‐Pastur distribution of noise singular values. Operating on matrices comprised of data patches, this popular approach objectively identifies noise components and, ideally, allows noise to be removed without introducing artifacts such as image blurring, or nonlocal averaging. The MPPCA rank estimation, however, relies on a large number of noise singular values relative to the number of signal components to avoid such ill effects. This condition is unlikely to be met when data patches and therefore matrices are small, for example due to spatially varying noise. Here, we introduce tensor MPPCA (tMPPCA) for the purpose of denoising multidimensional data, such as from multicontrast acquisitions. Rather than combining dimensions in matrices, tMPPCA uses each dimension of the multidimensional data's inherent tensor‐structure to better characterize noise, and to recursively estimate signal components.ResultsRelative to matrix‐based MPPCA, tMPPCA requires no additional assumptions, and comparing the two in a numerical phantom and a multi‐TE diffusion MRI data set, tMPPCA dramatically improves denoising performance. This is particularly true for small data patches, suggesting that tMPPCA can be especially beneficial in such cases.ConclusionsThe MPPCA denoising technique can be extended to high‐dimensional data with improved performance for smaller patch sizes.
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Key biases arising in pharmacoepidemiologic studies
Authors: Acton Emily K. , Willis Allison W. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPharmacoepidemiology has an increasingly important role in informing and improving clinical practice, drug regulation, and health policy. Therefore, unrecognized biases in pharmacoepidemiologic studies can have major implications when study findings are translated to the real world. We propose a simple taxonomy for researchers to use as a starting point when thinking through some of the most pervasive biases in pharmacoepidemiology. We organize this discussion according to biases best assessed with respect to the study population (including confounding by indication, channeling bias, healthy user bias, and protopathic bias), the study design (including prevalent user bias and immortal time bias), and the data source (including misclassification bias and missing data/loss to follow up). This tutorial defines, provides a curated list of recommended references, and illustrates through relevant case examples these key biases to consider when planning, conducting, or evaluating pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Weather patterns in Southeast Asia: Enhancing high‐impact weather subseasonal forecast skill
Authors: Gonzalez Paula L. M. , Howard Emma , Ferrett Samantha , Frame Thomas H. A. , Martínez‐Alvarado Oscar , Methven John , Woolnough Steven J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile skilful forecasts of heavy rainfall are highly desirable for weather warnings and mitigating impacts, forecasting such events is notoriously difficult, even with the most advanced numerical weather prediction models, due to the strong dependence on convective‐scale processes. The large‐scale circulation, on the other hand, is typically more predictable. Weather patterns (WPs) are a set of circulation types obtained statistically that can be used to characterize regional weather and harness the predictability of the large‐scale circulation. In this work we produce pattern‐conditioned probabilistic rainfall forecasts by projecting the horizontal winds from the Met Office GloSea5 prediction system on to WPs and then using the observed relationship between each WP and rainfall estimated by satellite. The WPs are derived following a novel two‐tier clustering technique: the WPs in the first tier represent planetary‐scale variability, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while the WPs in the second tier capture synoptic‐scale variability. We investigate WP predictability as well as the improvement in skill of subseasonal rainfall forecasts gained by this technique. GloSea5 predicts the WP occurrence with skill extending beyond lead day 10. The pattern‐conditioned rainfall forecasts were evaluated against climatological forecasts and model‐simulated rainfall hindcasts. We show that the pattern‐conditioned forecasts are skilful and outperform the model‐simulated rainfall hindcasts for lead times extending to days 10–20, depending on the specific exceedance criteria and region. Spatial aggregation leads to increased levels of skill, but not to a significant extension of the skilful prediction horizon. These results constitute a fundamental step for the development of subseasonal prediction systems for Southeast Asia.
A two‐fluid single‐column model of turbulent shallow convection. Part III: Results and parameter sensitivity
Authors: McIntyre William A. , Efstathiou Georgios A. , Thuburn John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo‐fluid modelling has recently emerged as a promising approach to representing cumulus convection in weather and climate models. This study applies the two‐fluid model described in Part II to a shallow cumulus convection case study over land (ARM). Large‐eddy simulation data are used to tune the majority of the closures that determine the properties of entrained and detrained air. The two‐fluid model is generally able to reproduce the profiles of the mean and turbulent quantities over all stages of the diurnal cycle. As such, the initiation of shallow convection and the evolution of the cloud layer are well captured. The robustness of the two‐fluid model is verified further using a steady‐state test case (BOMEX), in which the cloud properties are also well modelled.
Fe3O4 ‐PTh‐SO3H: A Retrievable Solid‐acid Nanocatalyst for the Green Synthesis of Imidazole and Tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Karegar Mohsen , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the immobilization of sulfonic acid on polythiophene (PTh)‐layered magnetite was carried out through the reaction of ClSO3H with Fe3O4‐PTh. The obtained catalyst, Fe3O4‐PTh‐SO3H, as the reusable and novel magnetic heterogeneous nanocatalyst, was used for green synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted‐1H‐imidazoles, and 2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl) acrylonitriles. The catalyst structure was characterized by various techniques, including FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, VSM, ICP‐OES, and CHNS techniques. These analyses proved the sulfonic group's successful attachment on the outer surface of the nanocatalyst. A high number of the acidic groups on the surface of the PTh layer are conducted to the more active catalyst, and as a result, the yield of the target product increases. The sustainability of the methodology was examined by evaluating the stability and reusability of the catalyst using an external magnet. The results showed that the Fe3O4‐PTh‐SO3H catalyst could be reused for five successive runs without a significant loss in catalytic efficiency. The reactions were carried out under relatively mild conditions in ethanol to achieve imidazole and tetrazole derivatives in high to excellent yields.
Molecular Basis for the Difference in Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield Between the First Genetically Encoded Photosensitizer, KillerRed, and its Monomeric Counterpart, SuperNova
Authors: Lee Wook 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe application of protein‐based photosensitizers in diverse fields has been proposed due to their characteristic to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation. However, the first of its kind, KillerRed, has a limitation in its use because of its dimeric nature, so its monomeric counterpart, SuperNova, was developed subsequently to overcome this limitation. What is very intriguing is that, although KillerRed and SuperNova share highly similar structural and optical properties, the singlet oxygen quantum yield of SuperNova is shown to be almost three times larger than that of KillerRed, but the mechanistic details for this difference have not been addressed yet. In the present work, a hybrid quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is employed to examine this issue. Excited state energy surfaces leading to intersystem crossing (ISC) for both KillerRed and SuperNova are explored, and the comparison of those results and additional electrostatic potential (ESP) calculations reveal that the lower singlet oxygen quantum yield of KillerRed is attributed to a high energy 3nπ* minimum due to a hydrogen bond between the chromophore and neighboring Asn145.
A Convenient Iodine‐Promoted Synthesis of α‐Ketothioesters
Authors: Zhao Zhengzheng , Gao Pan , Meng Lei , Wu Qingyi , Yuan Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn effective and practical synthesis of α‐ketothioesters has been reported for direct oxidative thioesterification of substitutional acetophenones with dimethyl sulfoxide and iodine in the presence of boric acid and acetic anhydride in high yields. According to the control experiments and literatures, the reaction mechanism was proposed to undergo via Pummerer rearrangement.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1’‐Bibenzimidazoles via an N‐Amination Reaction Forming the Key N‐N Bond
Authors: Toman Daniel , Cankař Petr 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe novel synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,1’‐bibenzimidazoles is described. The key N−N bond was introduced on 1H‐benzimidazole or 1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐sulfonic acid by N‐amination with hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acid (HASA). The precursors, 1‐[(2‐nitrophenyl)amino]‐1H‐benzimidazoles, were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 1‐fluoro‐2‐nitrobenzene with 1H‐benzimidazole‐1‐amines. The synthesis was demonstrated on 11 novel 1,1’‐bibenzimidazoles, which were prepared in the final step by one‐pot reduction/cyclization with DMF or DMA acetals under mild acidic conditions in good overall yields.
The Mechanism for Anticancer and Apoptosis‐Inducing Properties of Cu(II) Complex with Quercetin and 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Done Gulseven , Ari Ferda , Akgun Oguzhan , Akgun Halime , Cevatemre Buse , Gençkal Hasene Mutlu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article covers the anticancer activities and mechanisms of action of Cu(II) complexes of flavonoid‐derived quercetin and 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands. The antiproliferative activity of the complex and its ligands was evaluated by MTT, ATP, and SRB viability assays in human lung cancer cells (A549, H1299). Findings for apoptosis were determined by fluorescent staining, flow cytometry analysis, and the M30 antigen method. In addition, the mechanism of action of the complex was investigated by Annexin V staining, caspase 3/7 activity, ROS formation, and cell cycle analysis. The involvement of caspases, thus, apoptosis was confirmed by rescuing cell death by using a pan‐caspase inhibitor (Z‐VAD‐FMK). Again, increased ROS levels in the cell showed that death may occur by apoptosis. For this reason, the accuracy of ROS‐induced apoptosis in cells has been proven as a result of the application of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a ROS inhibitor. The efficacy of the complex was compared with Cisplatin and ligands. The results showed that the Cu(II) flavonoid complex is cytotoxic on lung cancer cells and may have the potential to act as an effective metal‐based anticancer drug with a lower IC50 over Cisplatin.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles Using Choline Chloride‐Urea and Their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Arab Mostafa , Beyzaei Hamid , Aryan Reza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new one‐pot method was proposed for the synthesis of novel and known 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives in choline chloride/urea (1 : 2) as a biodegradable, nontoxic, biorenewable and inexpensive solvent and reagent. It efficiently catalyzed the reaction between alkyl/aryl hydrazides with urea. Some of the advantages of the proposed method are: eco‐friendly and low‐cost procedure, easy work‐up and purification, good to excellent product yields and acceptable reaction times. This method can be a model for Pellizzari‐type reactions. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized 1,2,4‐triazoles were evaluated against five Gram‐positive and three Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteriaviaKirby‐Bauer disk diffusion method. Triazoles containing 3‐bromophenyl and 4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl substituents were the most effective antibacterial agents against all tested bacterial strains.
Enhanced Crystallinity of Covalent Organic Frameworks Formed Under Physical Confinement by Exfoliated Graphene
Authors: Roys Joshua S. , O'Brien Jennifer M. , Stucchi Nicholas D. , Raj Gaurav , Hill Adam D. , Ye Jingyun , Brown Ryan D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe polymerization of 1,4‐benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) on mica to form a covalent organic framework (COF‐1) reveals a dramatic increase in crystallinity when physically confined by exfoliated graphene. COF‐1 domains formed under graphene confinement are highly geometric in shape and on the order of square micrometers in size, while outside of the exfoliated flakes, the COF‐1 does not exhibit long‐range mesoscale structural order, according to atomic force microscopy imaging. Micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of COF‐1 both outside and underneath the exfoliated graphene flakes, and density functional theory calculations predict that higher mobility and self‐assembly are not causes of this higher degree of crystallinity for the confined COF‐1 domains. The most likely origin of the confined COF‐1's substantial increase in crystallinity is from enhanced dynamic covalent crystallization due to the water confined beneath the graphene flake.
Surveilling the Surveillants: From Relational Surveillance to WikiLeaks
Authors: Borghini Andrea , Scalia Vincenzo , Tafani Daniela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with the analysis of Julian Assange as a public figure through the use of three perspective angles. In the first part, Assange’ history is briefly outlined, tracing it back to the systems of thought of authors such as Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu, with the aim of highlighting how the Australian journalist’s biography helps to illuminate his (and our) historical time and, vice versa, how historical time helps to depict his biography and his courageous journalistic campaigns more precisely. The second part shows how the apparently subversive aspects of Assange’s activity in fact need to be analysed within the web of social control and the subsequent fight between rulers and outsiders. The criminalisation of Julian Assange is, by this token, a consequence of the reaction enacted by power against militant practice aimed at claiming an alternative use of the web. The third paragraph examines three basic principles of Enlightenment which are apparent in the WikiLeaks approach and explicitly recalled by Assange: the connection between the duty to improve knowledge and the right to communicate, publicity as a test to reveal injustice and the understanding of freedom of the press as an antitotalitarian device.
Traces of Social Binding: Interpretive Tracing as a Bridging Concept
Authors: Grenz Tilo , Robinson Keith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter continues the recent debate on the epistemological dimension of traces and tracing. Following our own preliminary work and in confrontation with an explicitly non-Western epistemology—namely, the case of “First Australians”—the chapter proposes the perspective of interpretive tracing. It calls for the systematic reflection of practices and underlying epistemologies of traces as objects of interpretation in a cross-cultural, i.e., cosmopolitan, perspective. It is a perspective that is sensitive to the tacit assumptions of objectivity and linear inferencing that underlie many Western approaches. Further, it is an open perspective that is sensitive to various embedded notions of time and temporality (not just time as a linear approach to the world) in particular. Furthermore, this perspective we advocate can eventually show that trace and tracing entail different social, cultural, and societal notions of social binding.
What Do Museum Visitors Leave Behind? The New Experience and the New Visitor in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Rosso Aluminé A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVisits to museums in the twenty-first century do not merely involve coming in contact with art but also living an interactive and relational experience that has changed the organization of museums, not only the exhibition rooms but also other museum spaces: boutiques, cafés, restaurants, and public areas. This new type of visit implies the role of an original agent: the frontalier visitor who, by inhabiting spaces adjacent to exhibition rooms, expands and reinforces the museum’s boundaries and the museum experience itself. This work is focused on visitors’ footprints as material and virtual marks and aims at showing the results of a field analysis carried out from 2017 to 2019 addressing the architecture of modern art museums. Fourteen museums have been analyzed, and four of them have been selected as the main objects of analysis: Malba, Moma, Tate Modern, and Centre Pompidou. We have studied their façades, esplanades, and entrance halls as spaces advancing what the public will experience inside the buildings. This analysis considers these adjacent spaces essential for the pass-through from the material experience to the virtual experience and from material footprints to virtual ones.
Geschichte und Zustand der sozialwissenschaftlichen Polizeiforschung
Authors: Weißmann Martin 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie doppelgleisige öffentliche Beobachtung von Polizeiarbeit in Hinblick auf ihre Rechtmäßigkeit einerseits, ihre Effektivität andererseits sowie die daraus folgende polizeiinterne Spannung zwischen Regeltreue und Erfolg sind ein zentrales Thema der Soziologie der Polizei, zu der dieses Buch beitragen will. In dieser Einleitung werden zunächst die zentralen Episoden der deutschsprachigen Polizeiforschung rekonstruiert (1.1), daran anschließend wird an die in dieser Forschung kaum rezipierten Einsichten und Perspektiven der englischsprachigen Polizeisoziologie der 1960er und 1970er Jahre erinnert (1.2). Abschließend wird die Diagnose einer institutionellen Isolation und disziplinären Heimatlosigkeit der zeitgenössischen Polizeiforschung begründet (1.3) und die Absicht der Arbeit formuliert, einen Brückenschlag zwischen der ansonsten oft empiristischen Polizeiforschung und den stärker theorieorientierten Bereichen soziologischer Forschung zu leisten.
Charged dark matter in supersymmetric twin Higgs models
Authors: Badziak Marcin , Grilli di Cortona Giovanni , Harigaya Keisuke , Łukawski Michał 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Supersymmetric Twin Higgs models ameliorate the fine-tuning of the electroweak scale originating from the heavy scalar top partners required by the non-discovery of them at the Large Hadron Collider. If the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle resides in the twin sector, it may play the role of dark matter even if it is charged under twin gauge interactions. We show that the twin stau is a viable candidate for charged dark matter, even if the twin electromagnetic gauge symmetry is unbroken, with thermal relic abundance that naturally matches the observed dark matter abundance. A wide parameter space satisfies all the experimental constraints including those on dark matter self-interactions. Twin stau dark matter can be observed in future direct detection experiments such as LUX-ZEPLIN. The stau has a mass in the range of 300–500 GeV, and in the minimal scenario, has a decay length long enough to be observed as a disappearing track or a long-lived particle at the Large Hadron Collider.