bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of combined isotonic and deep friction soft tissue techniques on pain and function in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Bashir Aleena , Hafeez Sana , Sarfraz Khurram , Bashir Anum , Anwar Samra , Asad Farwa 
Published: March 2022

To determine the effects of combined isotonic and deep friction soft tissue techniques on pain and function in patient with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Study Design: Quasi Experimental study. Place and Duration of study: Data was collected from Mednic clinic and services hospital Lahore, for 6 months of duration after the approval of synopsis. Method: Quasi Experimental study was conducted on twenty-two patients of chronic lateral epicondylitis. Participants were allocated to either combined isotonic technique group and deep friction soft tissue technique group, both groups were treated for 12 sessions in 4 weeks. NPRS and PRTEE scale were used to measure the treatment effect before and after treatment of 3 session per week, total 12 sessions in 4 weeks to each participant. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Total participants 22 were classified into two groups, Group A (combined isotonic technique) and Group B (deep friction soft tissue technique group). Minimum age was 30, maximum age was 46, mean age 37 and standard deviation was ±4.93. The significance was greater than 0.05 which mean the data is normally distributed as the value of Shapiro wilk test for NPRS .88 and for PTREE was .208, therefore parametric test (paired and independent T test) was applied. The significance values for all statistical tests were set to 0.05. Paired sample T test for NPRS mean difference reading for group A was 2.63 ±.9244 and group B was 1.09 ±.3015 and for PRTEE mean difference for group A was 14.09 ±7.8288 and group B was 5.81 ±3.945 showed that although in both group changes were significant but difference of mean was greater in Combined isotonic technique group. Independent T test comparison of mean score of NPRS and PRTEE between Group A and Group B showed that there was significant difference in value, pretreatment NPRS mean difference was .011 and post treatment NPRS score was 1.54. pretreatment PRTEE mean difference was 1.90 and post treatment NPRS score was 6.36 so combined isotonic technique showed greater mean difference after treatment. Conclusion: The study concluded that combined isotonic exercises group showed better results than deep friction soft tissue technique group for improvement of pain and functional disability in lateral epicondylitis patients
ASSOCIATION OF SONOGRAPHIC GRADING OF FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITH LIVER FUNCTION TESTS AND CT HOUNSFIELD
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Areeb , Ali Noraiz , Yousaf Muhammad , Fatima Mehreen , Ahmad Mian Hasnan , Sohail Zainab , Niaz Gulshan , Sohail Areeb , Yaqoob Namra , Khan Sania , Tuaha Mansoor Abdur-Rehman 
Published: March 2022

Fatty Liver Disease is described as the accumulation of triglycerides within cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes exceeding 5 percent of total liver weight. It is generally of two types: Alcoholic or Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It has a tendency to progress and cause steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic liver disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome and adenocarcinomas. It is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides and low HDL levels.The Objective of this study is to find association of Sonographic Grading of Fatty Liver Disease with Liver function tests and CT Hounsfield units. The evaluation of the significance of Ultrasound and LFTs over Computed Tomography is the aim of this study for the diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease. Material and Method:104 patients were undergone CT exams, Ultrasound exams and LFT tests for this this study (mean age: 38 years). Their hepatic (right lobe and left lobe) and Splenic Hounsfield units were obtained, Ultrasonographic grades were specified and LFTs were recorded. Crosstabulations, multiple comparisons and ANOVA was done separately on the results obtained. Results:In a cross-tabulation between Lobes of Liver, Hounsfield Units and Fatty Liver Grades through ultrasonography, a significant association is seen.The means of total bilirubin in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically insignificant. The means of ALT, AST and Alkaline Phosphatase in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically significant. Conclusion:It is concluded that Ultrasound is effective in diagnosing this disease in all grades of FattyLiver Disease along with Liver Function Tests.
AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH TO UNDERMINE THE KNOWLEDGE RELATED ATTRIBUTES OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AMONG ADULT FEMALES
Authors: Aslam Maria , Batool Maham , Tahir Mishal , Asmat Amina , Naeem Simra , Tul Wusqa Urwa , Haneef Yusra , Sabir Urva 
Published: March 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a worldwide common syndrome of reproductive women described as reproductive, endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. PCOS is affecting 5-15% women all around the world. PCOS is defined as multifactorial pathology, determined by the association of many factors such as genetic, endocrine and environmental. Prevalence rate of PCOS in Pakistan is more than 50% and it is increasing day by day in young females. The objective of study is to access the females who are at risk of PCOS and relationship between PCOS and infertility in young females. The method of study was cross-sectional, done among female students of university. The respondents were asked about some physical signs and symptoms such as, oily skin, gain weight, darkened skin around their neck, excessive hair growth, and acne. In the end of the research, it is concluded that 20 percent of females out 100 have PCO’s and are unaware of their symptoms. 48% respondents said they do not have PCOS but the symptoms that they answered according to the questionnaire shows that they have PCOS. The respondents were asked about their periods regularity. 53.9% respondents have irregular periods 33.3% shows they have regular period 3.9% says that some time they have irregular periods and 6.9% says they never faced any irregularity in their periods. Results showed that 45% participants faced weight gain while the 15% does not know that they have gain any weight or not. Cravings percentage in PCOS patients increases from normal patients so the results shows that 39.2% participants have increase in cravings and 28.4% participants show they have no cravings and 30.4% don’t know about their cravings. The study concluded that adolescent girls were unaware of PCOS symptoms and their diet normally constitutes of junk food and beverages that effect their menstrual cycles.
A General Assessment of Confidence and Life Orientation among Medical Students
Authors: Ashraf Tahira , Iqbal Zunaira , Shafique Seema , Hanif Asif , Chaudhry Ashraf , Sabir Iqra 
Published: March 2022

To measure the level of confidence and components of life orientation among medical students and compare the confidence level with respect to gender and study program. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect data from 385 students using a Standard questionnaire developed and available online by University of Stirling. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare confidence level of students with respect to gender and study programs. Results: There were 49.73% males and 50.27% females in this study and among them, 82.97% MBBS students, 10.81% of Nursing and 6.22% of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. The mean self esteem level in students was very low i.e. 15.8351±3.1178, mean optimism level, self efficacy and mindset level were all low i.e. 6.3568±2.28753, 2.8792±.56600, and 3.9061±1.25499 respectively that means students were generally under-confident. There was no median difference of any component of confidence level with respect to gender and study programs, except optimism which was slightly higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: The average level of four components of life orientation i.e. optimism, self esteem, self efficacy and mindset as well as average confidence level were all low among medical students irrespective of gender and study programs.
An Overview of European Community Protection of Human Rights, with Some Special References to the U.K.
Authors: Dallen Russell M. 
Published: March 2022

“Whoever hath an absolute authority to interpret any written or spoken laws, it is he who is truly the lawgiver, to all intents and purposes, and not the person who first spoke or wrote them.”
– Bishop Hoadly’s Sermon, preached before the King, 1717.
Can general measures be...selective? Some thoughts on the interpretation of a state aid definition
Authors: Vallindas Dimitri , Kurcz Bartlomiej 
Published: March 2022

Selectivity constitutes a sine qua non condition of application of Article 87(1) EC. Therefore, in theory, general measures open to all undertakings do not constitute State aid. This article tries to explore and clarify the notion of general measures, by reviewing and analysing the relevant ECJ case law, Commission decisions and communications. The analysis shows that there is a grey area, where there are no coherent borders between general and selective measures. It may appear in practice that the ECJ case law limits to a large degree the scope of general measures, and almost every State measure, even that of general economic policy, can ultimately be found selective and constitute State aid.
The question of where to draw the line between general and selective measures is addressed. It is argued that it should be accepted that there is no such a thing as a measure that affects all undertakings identically. Some undertakings will always profit more from the measure than others. This should not, however, make such measures automatically selective. More coherent approach to general measures by all actors is needed in order to make sure that the notion is not stretched too far, at the same time avoiding virtually all economic policy actions involving State resources being brought under the scope of Article 87(1) EC.
Of ages in – and edges of – EU law
Authors: Muir Elise 
Published: March 2022

The notions of primacy and direct effect, as well as the relationship between them, influence the fundamental dynamics of the European Union legal order. Two recent judgments of the European Court of Justice, Mangold and Kücükdeveci, trigger uncertainty regarding the theoretical model underlying the effects of EU law and the circumstances in which EU law can create obligations for individuals. They constitute new landmarks for the identification of the edges of EU law.
It is submitted that the Court’s novel approach, allowing for the EU principle of equality to place new obligations on individuals, is founded upon the notion of direct effect. Although the Court does not clearly elucidate why it develops the horizontal direct effect of the principle of equality, it will be suggested that the reach of this case law may be limited to specific areas of EU secondary law (such as anti-discrimination law) actually giving effect to a general principle of EU law.
The EUs modular approach to defence integration: An inclusive, ambitious and legally binding PESCO?
Authors: Blockmans Steven 
Published: March 2022

In response to the need expressed by European leaders to protect their citizens better against security threats emanating from within and outside the EU’s borders, a package of defensive measures has been developed with remarkable speed. Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in the area of defence is the most emblematic innovation in this regard. This unique form of enhanced cooperation was triggered under Article 46 TEU. Yet the political rhetoric surrounding its launch has raised expectations that the EU may not be able to meet. This is mainly due to misperceptions about the legal nature and enforceability of the so-called “binding” commitments agreed to. PESCO will need to overcome at least three key challenges: raising the level of ambition while ensuring inclusivity; maintaining credibility in case participating States do not comply with their commitments; and ensuring coherence with the many other building blocks in Europe’s defence architecture. Arguably, legal commitments are the hardest in the area of industrial integration.With moves to incentivize capability development and create a single market for defence, the Community method will be applied to a field hitherto jealously shielded off by the Member States. This dimension of the incipient European Defence Union represents a game-changer in the integration process. “If you need a helping hand, you will find one at the end of your arm”, Donald Tusk, President of the European Council, 16 May 2018.
Effect of Giving Organic Waste-Based Poc To The Growth of Kailan Plants (Brassica Oleracea L)
Authors: Yeni Ika Pratiwi  , Nurul Huda  , Eko Wahono  
Published: March 2022

This study combined the use of variable doses of liquid organic fertilizers made from organic waste, wich a Factorial experimental study that uses a Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of 2 treatment factors. Factor I treatment is a type of POC raw material consisting of 7 levels: P0= Comparison without the provision of liquid organic fertilizer, but given basic fertilizer; P1= Given POC made from a mixture of materials 2 to 7; P2=Given POC made from vegetable waste (tomatoes and mustard); P3= Given POC made from waste fruits (bananas and papaya); P4= Given POC made from germinated waste; P5= Given POC made from waste food catering; P6= Given POC made from catfish waste; P7= Given POC made from animal slaughterhouse waste (cow's blood). The treatment of Factor II is the concentration of POC giving includes 3 levels, namely: K1= POC concentration of 4%=40 ml/ liter of solution; K2= POC concentration of 8%=80 ml/liter solution; K3= POC concentration of 12%=120 ml/liter of solution. The parameters of observations made on kailan plants include: the number and length of the plant. By comparing the concentration treatment of K1, K2 and K3 mentioned above, the K2 treatment (concentration of 8% POC) exerts a better influence than the treatment of K1 and K3, although it is not real from the K3 treatment. This shows that the use of POC made from organic waste with a concentration of 8% POC provides a significant influence that can play a role in increasing soil fertility and plant productivity.
A GOVERNANÇA DOS RECURSOS PÚBLICOS DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Kiyoshi Kashiwakura Helder , De Oliveira Gonçalves Andréa 
Published: March 2022

como frágil estrutura do sistema que opera ações na Atenção Básica no Brasil. Este artigo descreve o contexto de alocação de recursos financeiros públicos em saúde na Atenção Básica (AB), considerando-se os princípios de governança orçamentária, complementado com a análise das variáveis relacionadas à infraestrutura e a alocação de gastos em saúde. Trata-se aqui de um estudo descritivo qualitativo que descreve o contexto de alocação de recursos financeiros referentes ao financiamento da saúde, verificando-se a incidência dos princípios de governança orçamentária. Posteriormente, realiza-se a verificação do comportamento das variáveis relacionadas à infraestrutura e gastos em saúde. Defende-se a necessidade de se melhorar a governança dos recursos da saúde, tendo sido constatado que os resultados evidenciam dificuldades que se refletem na alocação de recursos financeiros nos municípios brasileiros.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and its Determinants among Health Care Workers in Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Mohamed Farah Alinoor , Aden Mowlid Aklil , Diaaeldin Omer Mohamed , Ameda Ida Marie , Aden Bukhari Shikh , Aden Asli Hassan , Elmi Farah Abdifatah , Warsame Adawe 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Healthcare workers are known to be at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and have a role in transmitting the infection to others in the work environment and communities. Public health measures and vaccination are the major strategies being implemented to prevent and control the infection. The study assessed COVID -19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among health care workers in Somali region of Ethiopia.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Somali Region in October 2021.
Methodology: A structured self-administered questionnaire adapted from the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization vaccine hesitancy survey question was used and administered to 427 healthcare workers in eight selected sites. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to assess association between vaccine uptake and some selected determinants. The level of significance was set at a p-value<5%.
Results: About 71% of the health workers have been vaccinated at least once and vaccination was significantly higher among those with perceived risk of being infected (χ2 =12.19, p<0.05), perceived benefit of the vaccine (χ2 = 47.30, p<0.05) and perceived protection of the vaccine for their communities (χ2 =22.13, p<0.05). About 45% of the respondents believed the vaccine was very safe and vaccination was significantly higher among those who believed the safety of the vaccine (χ2 = 23.06, p<0.05). Vaccine uptake was higher among medical doctors than other health professionals, (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.09–5.48), p<0.05. The study showed significant relationship between inclination towards vaccination and actual vaccination where about 78% of those who had desired to be vaccinated actually got vaccinated. Other factors associated with vaccination uptake were colleagues getting vaccinated and support by community and religious leaders to vaccination.
Conclusion: The study identified key determinants to vaccine uptake among the health workers which included perceived risk of being infected, perceived benefit, safety of the vaccines and perceived protection of the vaccine for their communities. These require targeted Social and behavioural change communication strategies to address.
Virgin Olive Oil, A Rich Source of Functional Bioactive Compounds in the Promotion of Human Health: An Overview
Authors: Mami Maazoun Asma , Karim Aounallah Mohamed , Damergi Chokri , Hammami Sofiene 
Published: March 2022

The prevention of pathologies by diet management is an important public health challenge. The Mediterranean diet (Med diet) is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. According to current scientific research, this dietary pattern is linked to a decreased prevalence and incidence of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and age-related cognitive decline, as well as a lower overall mortality rate. In the Mediterranean diet, a high consumption of Virgin Olive Oil (VOO), fruit, nuts, vegetables, and grains is linked to a decreased incidence of many diseases and a longer life expectancy. According to numerous studies, VOO is the major food responsible for the health and nutritional benefits of the Mediterranean diet. VOO chemical compounds have been shown in vitro and in vivo investigations to have potentially favorable health benefits as a result of their biological activities. VOO composition has been linked to a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and antiviral characteristics. As a result, increasing attention is being paid to the composition of VOO and the identification of its biologically active components. Because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic properties, phytochemicals, particularly phenolic compounds, have health-promoting effects, especially on cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses. These characteristics are even more important in light of the COVID-19 severe illness's heightened inflammatory and pro-thrombotic consequences. This overview collects and discusses the scattered data available in the literature concerning VOO compounds of biological interest and highlights their possible mechanisms of action and effects on human health. In vitro studies and in vivo intervention trials were selected and included in the study after conducting literature searches through "PubMed" and "Web of Science." In the majority of investigations, the ability of VOO phytochemicals to prevent the oxidation process at both the initiation and promotion/progression phases of several pathologies has been verified. The health benefits discussed in this article support the prospective health benefits acquired from VOO as a possible candidate in developing pharmaceutical preparations and nutraceutical or functional foods for a variety of pathological disorders. This idea could pave the way for future in vivo research and, eventually, clinical trials. In addition, greater research into the mechanisms of action and efficacy is needed to clarify the real biological potential of VOO phytochemicals on humans by performing intervention studies on populations at high disorder risk.
Effect of Zinc and Iron Fertilization on Soil Nutrient Status of Direct Sown Rice
Authors: Janardhan S. , Rani I. Usha , Rani P. Prasuna 
Published: March 2022

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of Direct sown rice to zinc and iron nutrition at Agriculture College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2017. The experimental treatments include RDF (180 :60 :40 N-P2O5-K2O (kg ha-1); RDF + ZnSO4 @ 50kg ha-1 through soil application; RDF + FeSO4 @ 25kg ha-1 through soil application; RDF + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 through soil application; RDF + foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% at 20 and 45 DAS; RDF + foliar spray of FeSO4 @0.5% at 20 and 45 DAS; RDF + foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% and FeSO4 @ 0.5% at 20 and 45 DAS. The results revealed that, the soil properties viz., available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were not significantly influenced by fertilization of zinc and iron. Among the micronutrients there was significant influence on Zn and Fe content, while Mn and Cu were not significantly influenced by zinc and iron fertilization along with recommended dose of fertilizer.
Determination of Sulphate Ion Concentration in Some Ground Water in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area, Central Region, Ghana and Its Effects on Concrete Brick with Admixture of Sawdust Ash
Authors: Kofi Agoe Andy , Akrofi Anang Michael , Siaw Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

The admixture was prepared from Sawdust waste (SDA) and was pyrolysis by placing it in a Nabertherm (SN224350) at a controlled condition. The SDA was characterized using X-ray diffraction technique and applied as an admixture in producing concrete brick with good cementitious properties. Some key factors that contribute to concrete durability such as compacting, curing ages and the essence of quality water were taking into accounts.The sulphate ion concentration in ground water source was determined and its effects on concrete brick with 5 % SDA, 15 % SDA and 25 % SDA replacement were assessed and its compressive strength reported.5% replacements of sawdust ash, concrete brick (no curing) was found to have suffered greater attack at 28 days immersion period as compared to concrete bricks cured for 3 days and 7 days. 3 days curing and no curing of concrete brick showed a greater resistance against Sulphate intrusion with 25% sawdust ash replacements at 28 days immersion period. Premature curing of concrete brick for 7 days, with an increase in sawdust ash replacement were even more vulnerable to sulphate ion attack than concrete brick with 3 days curing and no curing.