bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
815 Translational Research in Skin of Color Spontaneous Repigmentation of Post-Chemical Burn Leucoderma
Authors: Paiva Marcelo L , Miot Helio A , Beltrame Flavio L , Justo Aline S , Harrington David T , Hunter Mary A , Wambier Carlos G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
After facial burn injuries to skin of color (SOC) patients, repigmentation plays a critical role in post-burn quality of life, given the acquired contrast between preserved skin and achromic scars, and that daily concealment may be difficult. While leucoderma is a well-known side-effect of deep chemabrasion with phenol, phenol-croton oil, and high concentration trichloroacetic acid, mechanisms of repigmentation are still not fully understood, and the observation of spontaneous repigmentation of a deep chemical injury in SOC has not previously been described in the literature. In our study, we present the dynamics of long-term spontaneous facial repigmentation of a Fitzpatrick V chemical burn patient, with microscopic findings of a deep chemical peel SOC animal model.

Methods
We demonstrate spontaneous repigmentation in a 37-year-old female who initially presented with depigmented areas, erosions and eschars on the face, 7 days after accidental deep chemical burn, due to self-application of 70% glycolic acid to improve acne. This is juxtaposed with a SOC porcine experiment, performed with 35% phenol, 1.6% croton-oil, to evaluate depth-of-injury, neocollagenesis band thickness in 21 days, and skin pigmentary safety. A 6mm punch biopsy taken at 21 days underwent Herovici staining to reveal the thickness of collagen type III neocollagenesis, confirm the presence of melanin in the epidermis, and evaluate the presence of melanophages.

Results
On patient presentation, epidermolysis and areas of deep dermal burns were observed over the forehead and cheeks. At 14 days, multiple leucoderma scars persisted and initial perifollicular repigmentation was noticeable. At 28 days, most of the skin was repigmented; however, many areas had only perifollicular repigmentation and still very severe leucoderma. At 6 months, the skin still had small areas of leucoderma with folicular repigmentation. At 11 months the skin color was fully recovered, with minimal post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) over the cheeks.
As for the SOC animal model, at 7 days the eschar was detached, and the skin was achromic. At 21 days, skin pigmentation was completely restored without macroscopic signs of PIH. Dermatopathology evaluation revealed microscopic areas of melanophages, a fully recovered epidermal melanin, and a band of over 500 micra of collagen type III.
Overall, on follicle-dense areas after chemical burn, we observed progressive full repigmentation over the course of 11 months on the patient, and by day 21 in the porcine SOC model.

Conclusions
Spontaneous repigmentation occurred both after accidental deep chemical ablation to the face of a SOC patient, and on the porcine SOC model after deep chemical peel formula application.
Patient Experiences in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mirza Raza M , MacKean Gail , Shaffer Seth R , Sewitch Maida J , Heisler Courtney , McLeod Justine , Habashi Peter , MacDonald Karen V , Barker Karis , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Marshall Deborah A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can lead to substantial impairments of quality-of-life. Clinical guidelines and quality indicators aid physicians in practice but may not reflect the perspectives and experiences of patients with IBD. To address this, the objectives of this study were to understand patient experiences with IBD care and to explore priorities.

Methods
Based on a convenience sample of 36 participants, five focus groups were completed at four sites across Canada. Data were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach to assess emergent themes and variability in participants’ experiences.

Results
Our results are organized by themes of structure, process and outcomes to illustrate common issues with respect to how care is organized in the healthcare system, how patients receive and experience care and how patients perceive the outcomes of their care. Our results frame a health systems quality approach that signal needed improvements in access to care, the need for innovation with respect to virtual medicine, the potential expansion of multidisciplinary team-based care and the importance of addressing the psychosocial dimensions for patients with IBD and their caregivers in order to better deliver patient-centred care.

Conclusions
The issues identified have the potential to impact priority areas in the system, IBD care delivery, and how outcomes can be improved by focusing on ‘lived experience’ and patient-centred care. The differing values and perspectives of all those involved in caring for patients with IBD underscore the importance of good communication with patients, caregivers and family members, as well as staying responsive to evolving needs.
International transport costs: new findings from modeling additive costs
Authors: Daudin Guillaume , Héricourt Jérôme , Patureau Lise 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
International transport costs do have an additive part. How large is it? Does it matter? This article provides new answers to these questions. Using information contained in the US imports flows from 1974 to 2019, we develop an empirical model that disentangles the ad-valorem and the additive components of international transport costs. The per-unit component of transport costs represents a sizeable share of total transport costs, between 30% and 45% depending on the year and the transport mode considered. We then investigate the important consequences of additive costs, under two different perspectives. First, modeling varying additive costs modifies the decomposition of transport costs time trend between the reduction in ‘pure’ transport costs and trade composition effects, the latter playing a minor role. Second, we revisit the welfare gains of the transport cost reduction in presence of additive costs. In this regard, we shed light on the welfare variations induced by the international trade acceleration and the ‘hyper-globalization’, as well as the key role of additive transport costs in determining those welfare variations. Neglecting the additive component substantially underestimates the welfare gains of the transport cost decrease.
‘Faith in God and the last day’ in Ghazālī: What Faith for What People?
Authors: Leites Adrien 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article considers the use of the traditional phrase ‘faith in God and the last day’ in five shorter works of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī. It looks into Ghazālī’s understanding of the ‘minimal faith’ specified by this phrase, and makes three main points. Ghazālī regards minimal faith as having a synthetic object, which may be called ‘a retributory God’ or simply ‘otherworldly retribution’. Minimal faith as understood by Ghazālī is useful to bring deficient Muslims back to observance. Ghazālī also regards minimal faith as useful to make non-Muslims shift to Islam, but does not regard this faith as shared specifically by Jews and Christians. The rhetorical and polemical trend of Ghazālī, on the other hand, is presented in the course of the article. Ghazālī’s concern with persuading or discrediting, I eventually argue, might outweigh his involvement in ‘doctrine’.
Changing Norms in Practice: Noninterference in the UN and ASEAN
Authors: Glas Aarie , Laurence Marion 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNoninterference is a foundational governance norm for international and regional organizations. In the United Nations and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the norm has long undergirded the practice of interstate governance in fundamental ways. However, the noninterference norm has been understood and enacted in disparate ways between these organizations and over time within them. While theories of norm diffusion and contestation have long examined the variable understanding of norms within different contexts, we argue that they are inadequate to analyze cases—like those we examine in this article—where divergent practices do not spring from a conscious desire to contest a norm's relevance, meaning, or requirements. To understand dynamics of norm change, we argue that the growing literature on international practices should be placed in dialogue with both traditional accounts of norm diffusion and existing scholarship on norm contestation. We build on these literatures to offer a novel and productive framework to explore shifting beliefs about the competent enactment of norms within disparate communities over time. Empirically, we center attention on the recent United Nations (UN) peace operation in Côte d'Ivoire and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) response to the ongoing Rohingya crisis. In each case, we show that divergent interpretations of the noninterference norm are embedded in seemingly mundane practices that have the potential to transform that norm over the long term. We draw on detailed empirical evidence to illustrate the changing practice of the noninterference norm in each case, relying on seventy-six interviews with officials from both organizations.
A Lot of Cyber Fizzle But Not A Lot of Bang: Evidence about the Use of Cyber Operations from Wargames
Authors: Schneider Jacquelyn , Schechter Benjamin , Shaffer Rachael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite a burgeoning focus on cyber and international security, there is still great debate about how cyber operations fit among other military and foreign policy means. Are they a substitution option—a way to create similar effects with different, potentially less risky, means? Or are they a support to other means, meant to enable and increase the efficacy of military operations and foreign policy options? Finally, are they a new complement to existing means—a unique way to influence, coerce, and derive military outcomes? The answer to these questions is significant because how cyber operations are used has implications for crisis stability as well as the ways wars are fought. In order to test these theories of cyber and state power, we use a crisis wargame that examines the use of cyberspace operations across a game series played over two years with 500+ players. We find that, despite a general increase in focus within the game on cyber operations, these operations still have little influence on the overall violence of the crises. Instead, cyber operations are primarily used to shape narratives as a complement to diplomacy prior to war and then as a support to military operations after war has escalated. Cyber operations, therefore, show an increasing and important amount of fizzle but not a lot of bang.
A ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst causes acute peritonitis with clinical characteristics of a gastrointestinal tract perforation
Authors: Son Tran Que , Hoc Tran Hieu , Huong Tran Thu , Dinh Ngo Quang , Van Tuyen Pham 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intraperitoneal air in pancreatic pseudocysts is a rare complication that can jeopardize hemodynamic stability and requires emergency surgery. A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Computed tomography showed a hollow visceral perforation with intraperitoneal air and two pseudocysts close to the pancreas. The patient was transferred to the emergency operating room with symptoms of septic shock. We histopathologically diagnosed a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst combined with an intracystic haemorrhage. We resected a portion of the pseudocyst wall using surface electrocautery inside the lumen, cholecystectomy and peritoneal toilet and maintained adequate external drainage. The patient was discharged on postoperative Day 12. The patient achieved relapse-free survival for 12 months postoperatively. Ruptured pancreatic pseudocysts with extraluminal gas are dangerous if effective medical interventions are not performed. Emergency surgery should be completed as soon as possible to drain the pancreatic cyst and cleanse the abdomen.
A country classification system to inform rabies prevention guidelines and regulations
Authors: Henry Ronnie E , Blanton Jesse D , Angelo Kristina M , Pieracci Emily G , Stauffer Kendra , Jentes Emily S , Allen Jessica , Glynn Marielle , Brown Clive M , Friedman Cindy R , Wallace Ryan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Assessing the global risk of rabies exposure is a complicated task requiring individual risk assessments, knowledge of rabies epidemiology, surveillance capacity and accessibility of rabies biologics on a national and regional scale. In many parts of the world, availability of this information is limited and when available is often dispersed across multiple sources. This hinders the process of making evidence-based health and policy recommendations to prevent the introduction and spread of rabies.

Methods
CDC conducted a country-by-country qualitative assessment of risk and protective factors for rabies to develop an open-access database of core metrics consisting of the presence of lyssaviruses (specifically canine or wildlife rabies virus variants or other bat lyssaviruses), access to rabies immunoglobulins and vaccines, rabies surveillance capacity and canine rabies control capacity. Using these metrics, we developed separate risk scoring systems to inform rabies prevention guidance for travelers and regulations for the importation of dogs. Both scoring systems assigned higher risk to countries with enzootic rabies (particularly canine rabies), and the risk scoring system for travelers also considered protective factors such as the accessibility of rabies biologics for post-exposure prophylaxis. Cumulative scores were calculated across the assessed metrics to assign a risk value of low, moderate or high.

Results
A total of 240 countries, territories and dependencies were assessed, for travelers, 116 were identified as moderate to high risk and 124 were low or no risk; for canine rabies virus variant importation, 111 were identified as high-risk and 129 were low or no risk.

Conclusions
We developed a comprehensive and easily accessible source of information for assessing the rabies risk for individual countries that included a database of rabies risk and protective factors based on enzootic status and availability of biologics, provided a resource that categorizes risk by country and provided guidance based on these risk categories for travelers and importers of dogs into the United States.
The PEPSI exoplanet transit survey (PETS) I: investigating the presence of a silicate atmosphere on the super-earth 55 Cnc e
Authors: Keles Engin , Mallonn Matthias , Kitzmann Daniel , Poppenhaeger Katja , Hoeijmakers H Jens , Ilyin Ilya , Alexoudi Xanthippi , Carroll Thorsten A , Alvarado-Gomez Julian , Ketzer Laura , Bonomo Aldo S , Borsa Francesco , Gaudi B Scott , Henning Thomas , Malavolta Luca , Molaverdikhani Karan , Nascimbeni Valerio , Patience Jennifer , Pino Lorenzo , Scandariato Gaetano , Schlawin Everett , Shkolnik Evgenya , Sicilia Daniela , Sozzetti Alessandro , Foster Mary G , Veillet Christian , Wang Ji , Yan Fei , Strassmeier Klaus G 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The study of exoplanets and especially their atmospheres can reveal key insights on their evolution by identifying specific atmospheric species. For such atmospheric investigations, high-resolution transmission spectroscopy has shown great success, especially for Jupiter-type planets. Towards the atmospheric characterization of smaller planets, the super-Earth exoplanet 55 Cnc e is one of the most promising terrestrial exoplanets studied to date. Here, we present a high-resolution spectroscopic transit observation of this planet, acquired with the PEPSI instrument at the Large Binocular Telescope. Assuming the presence of Earth-like crust species on the surface of 55 Cnc e, from which a possible silicate-vapor atmosphere could have originated, we search in its transmission spectrum for absorption of various atomic and ionized species such as Fe , Fe +, Ca , Ca +, Mg, and K , among others. Not finding absorption for any of the investigated species, we are able to set absorption limits with a median value of 1.9 × RP. In conclusion, we do not find evidence of a widely extended silicate envelope on this super-Earth reaching several planetary radii.
Suppression of axonal attractant netrin-1 injured dopaminergic neuronal and motor function of mice during manganese overexposure
Authors: Wen Yi , Qi Zhipeng , Li Jiashuo , Zhang Lei , Wang Shuang , Cui Rong , Xu Bin , Liu Wei , Xu Zhaofa , Deng Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) can accumulate in the striatum through the blood–brain barrier and cause neurotoxicity. It is mainly due to the decrease of dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum, which leads to extrapyramidal dysfunction. Netrin-1, as an axon guidance factor, can regulate the normal transmission of DA. However, few people have explored the role of netrin-1 in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. The purpose of the present study is to verify whether overexposure of Mn inhibits the axon attractant netrin-1, thereby damaging dopaminergic neuronal and motor function of mice. Here, we found that excessive Mn exposure reduces the expression of striatum netrin-1, tyrosine hydroxylase, DA receptor D3, and dopamine transporter 1, and the levels of serum netrin-1, and promotes dopaminergic neuronal and striatum injury, leading to DA transmission and motor dysfunction. Notably, recombinant mouse netrin-1 protein significantly antagonized Mn-induced neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that netrin-1 participates in Mn-induced motor dysfunction. Our findings may provide an experimental basis for fully elucidating the effects of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
Epigenetic alterations at distal enhancers are linked to proliferation in human breast cancer
Authors: Ankill Jørgen , Aure Miriam Ragle , Bjørklund Sunniva , Langberg Severin ,   Oslo Breast Cancer Consortium (OSBREAC), Bathen Tone F , Borgen Elin , Engebråten Olav , Fritzman Britt , Garred Norway Øystein , Geisler Jürgen , Geitvik Gry Aarum , Hofvind Solveig , Kåresen Rolf , Langerød Anita , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Mælandsmo Gunhild Mari , Naume Bjørn , Russnes Hege G , Sauer Torill , Skjerven Helle Kristine , Sørlie Therese , Kristensen Vessela N , Vitelli Valeria , Tekpli Xavier , Fleischer Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. Here, we perform genome-wide expression-methylation Quantitative Trait Loci (emQTL) analysis through the integration of DNA methylation and gene expression to identify disease-driving pathways under epigenetic control. By grouping the emQTLs using biclustering we identify associations representing important biological processes associated with breast cancer pathogenesis including regulation of proliferation and tumor-infiltrating fibroblasts. We report genome-wide loss of enhancer methylation at binding sites of proliferation-driving transcription factors including CEBP-β, FOSL1, and FOSL2 with concomitant high expression of proliferation-related genes in aggressive breast tumors as we confirm with scRNA-seq. The identified emQTL-CpGs and genes were found connected through chromatin loops, indicating that proliferation in breast tumors is under epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. Interestingly, the associations between enhancer methylation and proliferation-related gene expression were also observed within known subtypes of breast cancer, suggesting a common role of epigenetic regulation of proliferation. Taken together, we show that proliferation in breast cancer is linked to loss of methylation at specific enhancers and transcription factor binding and gene activation through chromatin looping.
TargetGeneReg 2.0: a comprehensive web-atlas for p53, p63, and cell cycle-dependent gene regulation
Authors: Fischer Martin , Schwarz Robert , Riege Konstantin , DeCaprio James A , Hoffmann Steve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent years, our web-atlas at www.TargetGeneReg.org has enabled many researchers to uncover new biological insights and to identify novel regulatory mechanisms that affect p53 and the cell cycle – signaling pathways that are frequently dysregulated in diseases like cancer. Here, we provide a substantial upgrade of the database that comprises an extension to include non-coding genes and the transcription factors ΔNp63 and RFX7. TargetGeneReg 2.0 combines gene expression profiling and transcription factor DNA binding data to determine, for each gene, the response to p53, ΔNp63, and cell cycle signaling. It can be used to dissect common, cell type and treatment-specific effects, identify the most promising candidates, and validate findings. We demonstrate the increased power and more intuitive layout of the resource using realistic examples.
A m6Avalue predictive of prostate cancer stemness, tumor immune landscape and immunotherapy response
Authors: Zou Cheng , He Qinju , Feng Yuqing , Chen Mengjie , Zhang Dingxiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underpinning prostate cancer (PCa) progression are incompletely understood, and precise stratification of aggressive primary PCa (pri-PCa) from indolent ones poses a major clinical challenge. Here, we comprehensively dissect, genomically and transcriptomically, the m6A (N6-methyladenosine) pathway as a whole in PCa. Expression, but not the genomic alteration, repertoire of the full set of 24 m6A regulators at the population level successfully stratifies pri-PCa into three m6A clusters with distinct molecular and clinical features. These three m6A modification patterns closely correlate with androgen receptor signaling, stemness, proliferation and tumor immunogenicity of cancer cells, and stroma activity and immune landscape of tumor microenvironment (TME). We observe a discrepancy between a potentially higher neoantigen production and a deficiency in antigen presentation processes in aggressive PCa, offering insights into the failure of immunotherapy. Identification of PCa-specific m6A phenotype-associated genes provides a basis for construction of m6Avalue to measure m6A methylation patterns in individual patients. Tumors with lower m6Avalue are relatively indolent with abundant immune cell infiltration and stroma activity. Interestingly, m6Avalue separates PCa TME into fibrotic and nonfibrotic phenotypes (instead of previously reported immune-proficient or -desert phenotypes in other cancer types). Significantly, m6Avalue can be used to predict drug response and clinical immunotherapy efficacy in both castration-resistant PCa and other cancer types. Therefore, our study establishes m6A methylation modification pattern as a determinant in PCa progression via impacting cancer cell aggressiveness and TME remodeling.