bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Wings on Fire
Authors: Pachpande Priti , Bachhav Sham 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In its major disinvestment plans present government of India has been trying for more than three years and was not getting a single bidder for disinvestment offer for the perennially ailing Air India the national carrier in spite of sinking more than Rs 65,000 crore for its revival over a decade and causing a continued loss of nearly Rs 620 crores on its operations per month and continuing to bleed the national exchequer Rs 20 crore with each passing day. However in its continued efforts government succeeded in receiving altered terms of its offer two bids in its recent offer (100% disposal offer of Rs 12,906 crore as reserve price set by the government). One was from the Tatas who bid for an enterprise value of Rs 18,000 crores and the second bid was from a consortium led by Mr Ajay Singh of Spice Jet for Rs 15,100 crores (Rs 12,835 crores towards taking over Air India’s debt and Rs 2,265 crores in cash payment). This incidentally is the first major privatization step by the government in nearly two decades.
The BSNL Saga
Authors: Pachpande Priti , Bachhav Sham 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is often said that in India ‘The government has no business to be in business’. All exercises done by several governments at the centre so far have not been able to see consistent success in majority of the PSUs. The main reason for not focusing on business credentials is perhaps the lack of push and follow up from professional business management approach even for survival, leave alone a growth strategy. Besides any action of turnaround or restructuring are considered detrimental to the government in ensuring success at the ballot box. Alternatively these are considered as potential opportunities to generate revenues for the government in terms of disinvestments and collecting huge funds for revenue generation targets to meet the government’s budgetary commitments. The speed of technological disruption in telecom industry is perhaps the severest amongst all industries in India and also in global markets. While private organizations are aware of the impact of disruptive technological changes, the Government is not very sure of meeting such challenges by concerned PSUs. Hence, allowing technological obsolescence to worsen the distressing situations at PSUs such as BSNL has rendered the unit to be put on the list of sick units.
The Survival Instinct
Authors: Praveen Roopa , Aher Dilip , Anute Nilesh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When in 2003 Gopinath and ex—army officer started with the low cost airlines with no food and frills, everybody predicted this to be a sure disaster, however when other airlines adopted the low—cost model, most realized the model is here to stay. This case looks at the out of box thinking for service industries and the importance of strategic value innovation. This case can be used to analyse the strategic planning for new business proposals or upgrading the existing services. A must analyse case for service industry domain, and still relevant.
The AGSA Effect
Authors: Mathur SB , Bokephode Sudhakar , Balsaraf DD 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The case study is about a high-tech engineering industry specialized in the design and manufacture of close coiled compression, expansion, and torsion springs over 30 years catering to the OEM needs in auto motive and engine manufacturing industry besides manufacturers of switchgear and allied products. They are the market leaders and first movers to markets in many auto and transmission products. Having grown more than ten times in the previous three decades with three fully equipped manufacturing units in Pune are first referrals to many product research divisions of major automobile companies in India for the development of newer types of springs to support their design and performance requirements of the aggregates and final products.
Spot the ‘Winner’
Authors: Mathur SB , Bokephode Sudhakar , Balsaraf DD 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is in majority of cases that the rat wants to bell the cat and the cat intends to catch the rat smartly waiting for the failure of the rat to be aware of the waiting cat for its prey. Even in business similar games need to be played constantly to catch a disposer of assets for whatever needs by making him gradually crawl in to the cage set up by the shrewd financier or buyer interested in the assets on sale and to restructure the financial portfolio of Future Group. The Future Group has huge debts accumulated over a period and is compelled to sell its family jewel for repayment of its debts Future Group is also proud to be the originator of Ecommerce Business in India decades before other major players entered the business. It was but natural that Mr Kishore Biyani was feeling diffident while approaching private players who could help him get better returns on his disposal of his prime assets in Future Group of which he is also sentimentally attached as a child he has personally nurtured in the beginning. While Mr Kumar Mangalam Birla the doyan of Birla Group of Industries was keenly observing the moves of Mr Kishore Biyani who also was his family friend. But as they say in business it is always the business interests which are at the fore Mr Birla forced Mr Biyani to take several secluded walks and rethinking before he made an offer which Kishore Biyani found difficult to reject or refuse. Such was the sentimental shock to Biyani when just after he signed up with Mr Kumarmangalam Birla agreeing to sell his assets he rushed home and hid himself in to isolation for quite some time even before he took his family into confidence to explain as to what he has signed up to the Birlas. A student in strategic disinvestments and takeovers will definitely find this case study quite apt to understand the tact of business negotiations and finding the winner perfect.
The Big Push
Authors: Mathur SB , Bokephode Sudhakar , Balsaraf DD 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Indian IT sector is always fraught with the major players fighting for acquiring major segment of the software market pie (TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Zensar, and few foreign players such as Capgemini, Cognizant Tech, Persistent, etc.). Even though Indian players like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro along with Zensar have been defending their market share in spite of global player’s entry, the local players are finding it as a neck-to-neck competition among themselves. It has been ‘catch me if you can’ race for growth momentum and global market share for each one of them. Zensar has been one of the pioneers in Indian IT sectors, ably led by CEOs with global visions on technology and growth parameters. Zensar keen seen as an initiator of innovative technologies and always respected for its new products and business acumen. Zensar has been one of the great and admired companies for pushing competition to wake up and see and run for their money with newer technologies offered by Zensar to global customers.
CEAT as We See It
Authors: Mathur SB , Bokephode Sudhakar , Balsaraf DD 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many industries around the world fell victims to a bloated feel that they are immortals in their lines of business with overconfidence that no unforeseen circumstances can displace their supremacy as technology and market leaders. There are glaring examples of global brands such as Xerox, Kodak Films who are today a part of history rather than leading the pack of its competitors in same or similar product lines but with great strides in technology upgradation and keeping pace with customer preferences. CEAT tyres and FIAT were glaring examples of master brands in Automotive technology FIAT with its compact cars and CEAT as a leading brand in Automobile tyres. While both are today struggling entities with unrecognizable market presence and themselves responsible for their situations. Capable leaderships with an eye on changing technologies and being constantly focused on the prime objectives of maintaining market leaderships in their product lines alone have sustained their businesses in spite of mindboggling technology gallops. This case is a sad story of a failed enterprise claiming survival on less significant revival attempts an example of misplaced confidence in turning around when in reality the brand is almost in the oblivion.
SpiceJet—Back from the Brink
Authors: Mathur SB , Bokephode Sudhakar , Balsaraf DD 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spice Jet is back on its feet after a gruelling ordeal that saw the no-frills carrier cut its fleet size, cancel flights, default on dues, and face the ire of stranded passengers. To many it seemed as if the airline would never fly again, but it has; and through a series of timely measures, is clawing its way back into customers’ travel plans. It has increased daily departure sm 210 in January to 245 in May 2015. And according to DGCA, its market share has increased from the January lows of 9.4 to 9.7% in March while passenger loads have increased from 80 to 83.4%. What did it do? After its founder-promoter Ajay Singh took the airline back from its erstwhile management, he cleared tax dues and salary arrears while launching an aggressive sales and promotions campaign. The company also settled all payment related issues with aircraft lessors and made sure that salaries were paid on time. It re-built the flight schedule and refunded passengers whose flights had been cancelled.
A Case Study in Private Equity and Venture Capital Funds
Authors: Parab Varsha , Mahadik Ramesh , Tripathi Diksha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vultures are frequently used as a disparaging term to characterize how some private equity (PE) funds operate. However, a few PE funds that dared to invest between 2011 and early 2014 years—when India’s economic development slowed dramatically—can be compared favourably to birds of prey. Between 2011 and 2013, the number of PE and VC deals fell by 17% to 418, with VC funds faring better than PE funds. These years were among the most challenging to do business in because of economic and political uncertainties, unfavourable currency volatility, domestic policy inertia, high inflation, and high cost of capital. PE funds had to cope with scams and flameouts, as well as far too many instances of promoter—investor strife, in the midst of all of this. This case focuses on PE and VC funds evaluation and their investment returns in light of the fund managers’ high—risk activity.
Biyani vs. Ambani
Authors: Palekar Srilatha , Pardhi Arun , Jindal Sunanda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In any new sector, be it airline, telecom, or retail, one pioneer gives it a start and it is up to the second business to take it to the next level. The belief is that, as in most global markets, a homegrown retailer (Adani) will set the marker in India and Reliance (Ambani) wants to be that homegrown retailer. RIL is not looking at taking a pie of the existing market and is focused on growing the market.
The Road from Yerevan
Authors: Winter Jay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 1921, a young Armenian assassinated Talaat Pasha, one of the leaders of the Ottoman regime responsible for the Armenian genocide. He was found innocent of murdering Talaat. That was one of the last victories of the Armenian people in their quest for justice and a homeland in Anatolia. This chapter shows the series of defeats the Armenian people suffered between 1918 and 1923. Among them was the refusal of the Allies to honor their commitment to create an Armenian homeland for the survivors of the genocide. When Bolshevik forces took control of the Armenian Republic in the Caucasus, the Allies abandoned the Armenian cause. Efforts at Lausanne to revive the issue got nowhere. The Allies settled for peace at the expense of justice for the Armenian people.
Conclusion
Authors: Winter Jay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Treaty of Lausanne brought peace to the Eastern Mediterranean and ended the general hostilities that had followed the declarations of war in 1914. That is why it makes sense to say that the day the Great War ended was 24 July 1923. The price the signatories paid for that Peace Treaty was a heavy one. First, it showed how a determined and sufficiently armed group of nationalists could undermine and rewrite the peace settlement. Secondly, it exposed the weakness of the League of Nations as a force for peacekeeping. Thirdly, it legitimized in international law the principle of compulsory population exchange. That form of ethnic cleansing has returned time and again to haunt us in the century that has followed.
Scripting Speech
Authors: Schneider Jeremy Robin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses declamation, a pedagogical format which was newly introduced into universities in the sixteenth century. It coexisted alongside disputation for over two centuries. It begins by presenting an up-to-date account of how declamation originated in Protestant universities and surveying the documentary evidence. Declamations remained a staple of humanist education into the eighteenth century, proliferating in Europe and the Americas. For declamation, a student wrote a speech, most often in Latin, and performed it in front of an audience of peers. The chapter then develops an analysis of declamations as ‘scripts’, looking at a script written by famous scholar and theologian John Rainolds, in the context of having to deliver a declamation while he was a master’s student at Oxford. It shows how Rainolds crafted his speech on the page: how he fashioned his own Latin rhymes; strung together verses of poetry; arranged citations and exempla; and staged an argument with an opposition of his own invention. Ultimately, the manuscript demonstrates how students prepared oral performances.
The Slaughter of 1841
Authors: Stray Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates ‘the slaughter of 1841’, when a large number of candidates failed the Senate House examination, otherwise known as the mathematical tripos. This fiercely competitive examination, whose history could be traced back to the early eighteenth century, was Cambridge University’s only honours degree at that time. The classical tripos, set up in 1822 and first examined in 1824, followed four weeks later. Consequently, the high failure rate in the mathematical tripos left some candidates unexpectedly barred from the classical tripos. Lying behind this episode is a history of university politics in which vested interests and notions of institutional identity acted to obstruct attempts at change. The chapter then looks at the institutional micropolitics of Cambridge University in the 1830s, revealing structural and organisational tensions.
Core Argument and Methodology
Authors: Vierkant Tillmann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter sets up the core argument—namely, that there are two incompatible understandings of epistemic agency. Both understandings have significant counterintuitive consequences. One understanding implies the truth of extended cognition, while the other implies that epistemic agency is not intentional. The chapter also contains a methodology section, which discusses how to avoid what it terms the ‘metaphor mistake’ in conversations between philosophy and cognitive science. Finally, Hieronymi’s discussion of the notion of reflective control is introduced, and it is shown how this notion easily brings together the two incompatible notions of epistemic agency.
Extending and Shrinking Agents
Authors: Vierkant Tillmann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of Yair Levy’s convincing argument that there is no deep difference between intentional mental actions inside the head and environment-involving mental actions. The chapter then demonstrates that Levy’s argument has more far-reaching consequences than he himself recognizes. Levy uses Clark and Chalmer’s parity principle, to show that epistemic agency extends but he is not clear on whether this also implies that extended cognition must be true. The chapter argues that the parity principle also applies in this context. Intentional actions inside the head and environment involving actions are functionally equivalent. This means that either extended cognition is true or intentional actions inside the head also are not cognition but merely catalytic as Strawson argues. A potential objection to this argument could come from volitionism, but this objection is shown not to be successful.
How Choices Can Be Actions
Authors: Vierkant Tillmann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Choices are a key component of the phenomenology of agency. However, upon closer examination they appear almost paradoxical. Intuitively, choices are ‘up to us’ in the same way that intentional actions are, but at the same time, choices are made for reasons, unless they are just random picking. This chapter discusses how the earlier chapters in the investigation can shed light on this apparent paradox. Building on Holton’s account of choice, the chapter argues that choices are intentional actions. But in contrast to Holton, the chapter suggests that choices do not just feel like picking but that they consist in the metacognitive managing of the decision process.
Diachronicity
Authors: Vierkant Tillmann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter connects moral and epistemic agency. It discusses Levy’s account of moral agency, which puts the direct control of explicit beliefs centre stage. According to Levy, this control plays a unique role in unifying moral agents diachronically. However, Levy is not clear on which of the two forms of epistemic agency discussed in the book he has in mind. The chapter then suggests that the best way to make sense of the special direct control that Levy suggests is to understand it as a form of intentional mind-directed tinkering. The chapter then goes on to explore mindshaping accounts by McGeer and Tumulty that could be used to supplement Levy’s account.
Fittingness
Authors: Cosker-Rowland Rach , Howard Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter introduces and characterizes the notion of fittingness. It charts the history of the relation and its relevance to contemporary debates in normative and metanormative philosophy and proceeds to survey issues to do with fittingness covered in the volume’s chapters, including the nature and epistemology of fittingness, the relations between fittingness and reasons, the normativity of fittingness, fittingness and value theory, and the role of fittingness in theorizing about responsibility. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of issues to do with fittingness that aren’t covered extensively by the volume’s chapters in order to indicate avenues for further research.
Against the Fundamentality of Fit
Authors: Hurka Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter gives three arguments against the view, defended in the last century by A. C. Ewing and more recently by several philosophers, that ‘fitting’ is the fundamental ethical concept, underlying both evaluative concepts like ‘good’ and deontic ones like ‘ought’. The first argument says evaluative and deontic concepts differ too much, and in too important ways, for a common grounding in ‘fitting’ to be possible. The second examines the relation between the concept of fittingness and the non-ethical properties that make something fitting; it argues that in neither the deontic nor the evaluative context is this relation consistent with fittingness being fundamental. The third argument says that no gradable concept like ‘fitting’ (or ‘normative reason’ or ‘ought other things equal’) can be the basic deontic concept; that must be the entirely non-gradable ‘ought (simply or period)’. The chapter develops its arguments with frequent references to earlier discussions of these issues by Sidgwick, Prichard, Moore, Ross, Broad, and Ewing.
What Is Evaluable for Fit?
Authors: Na’aman Oded 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Our beliefs, intentions, desires, regrets, and fears are evaluable for fit—they can succeed or fail to be fitting responses to the objects they are about. Can our headaches and heartrates be evaluable for fit? The common view says ‘no’. This chapter argues: sometimes, yes. First, it claims that when a racing heart accompanies fear it seems to have the typical characteristics of fit-evaluable items. Then, it suggests that suspicion of this initial impression is explained by the assumption that whether an item is ever fit-evaluable is determined by the type of item it is. Fear is the type of thing that can be fit-evaluable, a racing heart is not. The chapter then proposes an alternative whereby the same type of item can be fit-evaluable on one occasion but not on another. What explains the difference, it is argued, is that only in the former occasion the item is explained by the agent’s narrative as an element of a fit-evaluable response.
In Defence of the Right Kind of Reason
Authors: Howard Christopher , Leary Stephanie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For a long time, the normativity literature took for granted that ‘right-kind reasons’ for attitudes are authoritatively normative reasons. However, in the last several years, this view has come under attack. One argument against the authoritative normativity of right-kind reasons claims that right-kind reasons are facts that contribute to the constitutive correctness of the responses they purportedly favour; hence, since constitutive correctness lacks authoritative normativity, so too do right-kind reasons. And according to a recent argument from Barry Maguire (2018), right-kind reasons for attitudes aren’t reasons at all and hence a fortiori aren’t authoritative reasons. This chapter argues that these recent arguments against the authoritative normativity of right-kind reasons fail. It also argues that the intuitive data suggests that right-kind reasons are authoritative. Thus, the authoritative normativity of right-kind reasons is defended. Since right-kind reasons are facts that contribute to an attitude’s fittingness, the chapter’s defence doubles as a defence of the authoritative normativity of fit.
Blame’s Commitment to Its Own Fittingness
Authors: Achs Rachel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When we blame, we respond to someone’s wrongdoing. Yet remarkably diverse ways of responding to wrongdoing might be counted as examples of blame. Public calling out, private seething, and even sadly deciding to stop relying on a friend can all arguably be instances of blame—but the first is an action, the second an emotional response, and the third a decision. Do such diverse forms of blame have anything significant enough in common to warrant theorizing about blame as such? This chapter argues that blame always involves an element of ‘reflexive endorsement’: a self-referential commitment to its own fittingness directly on the basis of someone’s wrongdoing. Reflexive endorsement accounts for blame’s directedness (at a person, for his wrong) and explains why blame can feel particularly self-righteous. This commitment also imputes unique fittingness conditions to blame, and thus provides reason to think of blame as meaningfully unified.