bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological aspects of COVID-19 vaccine in Indian population. Are we still hesitant?
Authors: Shaheed Raza , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Kesarwani Monika , Acharya Neema 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, with channelization of misinformation in several platforms that people can access, the world has witnessed a unique infodemic throughout the globe. Some knowledge helped people to alleviate not only the stigma and anxiety but also inclined them to take appropriate COVID-19 behavior; whereas, the some acted opposite and buildup an aura of negative thoughts in the community regarding the prevention and control and the efforts toward effective vaccine uptake contributing to psychological disbeliefs which in turn leading to vaccine hesitancy. In India, current vaccination program for COVID-19 needs to be communicated to not only promote vaccine acceptance but to also counter rumors related to COVID-19. The WHO has recommended all the individual governments to highlight the vaccine objection spots and that the governments, educate, and implement social awareness on the vaccination with the help of local organizations so that large proportion are covered with this safe immune program. With the emergence of new variants COVID-19 infection can be severe. “Earlier people get vaccinated the earlier people are protected”. Taking these concerns, our study will throw some light for primary care physicians on COVID-19 vaccine-related psychological attributes and hesitancy and will present pragmatic approaches to deal with scenarios related to it during the pandemic.
Early initiation of remdesivir and its effect on oxygen desaturation: A clinical review study among high-risk COVID-19 patients in Myanmar
Authors: Aye Than Than , Myat Kaung , Tun Hpone Pyae , Thiha Phyo , Han Tin Myo , Win Yin Yin , Han Aye Moh Moh 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Although Remdesivir has been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), few study has yet shown effective mortality reduction. It might be because, in almost all those studies, remdesivir therapy was started beyond 7th days from the onset of symptoms when the active viral replications have already gone.

Methods:
This study reviewed the effectiveness of early remdesivir therapy during viral phase of COVID-19 and safety of its administration at home or community care during the outbreak of COVID-19 from July to September 2021 in Myanmar. We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 204 high risk COVID-19 patients who had received remdesivir therapy within 7 days from the onset of illness and before oxygen desaturation. Findings: All patients received remdesivir therapy according to standard five days course of 200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 4 additional days. Out of 204 patients, 60.75% (124/204) were aged 60 years and above with comorbidity; 21.1% (43/204) aged under 60 years with comorbidity and 18.1% (37/204) were aged more than 60 years old without comorbidity. The patients who received RDSV therapy within 1-4 days and within 5-7 days were 50.5% (103/204) and 49.5% (101/204) respectively. All patients survived to 21 days without ICU admission or mechanical ventilation. Eighty six percent of patients had no hypoxia and only five percent had moderate to severe hypoxia, requiring oxygen. Those who received RDSV therapy within 1 to 4 days from the onset of symptoms had significantly lower rate of hypoxia compared to those who received remdesivir therapy on 5 to 7 days. After RDSV therapy, increased lymphocyte count and decreased CPR were observed in 74.5% (152/204) and 52.9% (108/204) of the patients respectively. There was no report of major adverse events.

Conclusion:
Remdesivir, if given within first 4 days from the onset of symptoms, is the most effective strategy for prevention of oxygen desaturation, further progression of COVID-19 and death although it is still beneficial if given later, days 5 to 7. It is a safe drug to be prescribed in hospital at home care. It may be cost-benefit if high-risk group of patients with COVID-19 were selected for early remdesivir therapy in the community.
The autopsy practice and pathology in COVID-19
Authors: Kaur Jasmeen , Kaur Manmeet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The universal spread of novel virus named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also known as 2019-nCoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) declared by the world health organisation (WHO). This virus has dived in to multiorgan, with clinical manifestations of fever, sore throat, dry cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and muscle pain. As novel coronavirus been categorised as HG3 infection which has highest with inhalation and by skin surface contact. As previous pandemics have occurred like SARS and MERS special attention to autopsy had been given to prevent exposure to the healthcare workers. Similar attention should be given to the autopsy protocols and underlying pathology for COVID-19 infection so as to better understanding of the disease for further control and treatment guidelines. Thus, herein we bring and summarise review of literature for understanding.
The impact of chronic disease and accompanying bio-psycho-social factors on health-related quality of life
Authors: Bahall Mandreker , Bailey Henry 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Most chronic illnesses lead to poor health outcomes. Bio-psycho-social sequelae and accompanying depression lead to further deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study explored the HRQoL of patients with major chronic diseases in a public tertiary health care institution in Trinidad and Tobago.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of adult patients with chronic illnesses in a public health institute in Trinidad. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and consenting patients’ records. A 43-item questionnaire comprising demographic, medical, and lifestyle questions, the nine-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) on depression, and the EQ-5D-5L HRQoL questionnaire were used. Psychological and social variables were divided into six groups: Group 1 (community attachment variables), Group 2 (family and friends), Group 3 (life satisfaction), Group 4 (depression symptoms), Group 5 (social support), and Group 6 (lifestyle variables). The impact of these variables on HRQoL was investigated using regression and canonical correlation analysis.

Results:
Patients were primarily female (70.3%), Indo-Trinidadian (63.9%), having diabetes mellitus (46.0%) or cancer (35.8%). The quality of life was lower than Trinidad and Tobago EQ-5D-5L population norms. Females and older patients had worse HRQoL than males and younger patients, respectively. Furthermore, kidney failure, all cancer patients, and middle-aged female cancer patients fared worse than other categories. Life satisfaction and exercise were significantly associated with better HRQoL. Depressive symptoms were consistently and significantly negatively associated with HRQoL.

Conclusions:
HRQoL was lower among participants with chronic disease than in the general population. Depressive symptoms led to worse HRQoL, whereas life satisfaction and exercise significantly improved HRQoL. The EQ-5D dimension most frequently affected was anxiety/depression.
A study on foetomaternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by cardiac diseases
Authors: Pillai Sheila Kamalasan , Monisha Subbaiya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cardiac disease complicates around 1–4% of all pregnancies. This study has been conducted to know the incidence of cardiac diseases complicating pregnancy in our institution and to identify the spectrum of various cardiac diseases and their associated maternal and fetal complications.

Objectives of the Study:
1. To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with cardiac disease in pregnancy. 2. To identify any significant association between the modified World Health Organisation (WHO) risk classification of maternal cardiovascular diseases and the maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods:
This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil nadu.

Study Design:
Retrospective and Prospective observational study.

Study Period:
April 2017–April 2020. Sample Size 72 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria admitted from April 2017 to April 2020.

Inclusion Criteria:
Rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and conduction disorders.

Exclusion Criteria:
Cardiomyopathy.

Results:
The incidence of heart disease complicating pregnancy in our study was 0.5%. The ratio of RHD: CHD in our study was 4:1. There was no statistically significant association between the modified WHO risk classification of heart disease and the mode of delivery. 36.1% patients of the study group developed complications related to their cardiac disease, of which 96.3% belonged to the rheumatic heart disease (RHD) group. There were no cases of maternal mortality or perinatal mortality in our study.

Conclusions:
According to our study, there was a statistically significant association between the maternal complications, namely. congestive cardiac failure and acute pulmonary edema and the modified WHO risk assessment class of maternal cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy. There was no statistically significant association between the perinatal morbidity and the modified WHO risk assessment class of maternal cardiovascular disease in pregnancy.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and new insights into its pathobiology and implication in treatment
Authors: Mamgain Garima , Singh Praveen K. , Patra Priyanka , Naithani Manisha , Nath Uttam K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtype is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It accounts for roughly 30% of all cases of NHL affecting both nodal and extra nodal sites. There are molecular subtypes of DLBCL, germinal centre subtype (GCB), and activated B-cell (ABC), based on gene expression profiling (GEP), in accumulation to distinct morphological and clinicopathological subtypes. To prognosticate patients, the International Prognostication Index (IPI) and its variants are used. In ABC type DLBCL, limited stage disease is treated with a combination of abbreviated systemic chemotherapy (three cycles) and field radiation therapy. Although advanced stage disease is treated with a full course of chemotherapy as well as novel agents (Bortezomib, Ibrutinib, Lenalidomide). In this review study, we looked at the role of multiple aspects of genetic and microenvironment changes which have effects in DLBCL tumours.
Nerve biopsies in patients with peripheral neuropathy: A prospective evaluation
Authors: Agrawal Abhishek , Garg Ravindra K. , Malhotra Kiranpreet , Malhotra Hardeep S. , Rizvi Imran , Kumar Neeraj , Suvirya Swastika , Sharma Praveen K. , Verma Rajesh , Uniyal Ravi , Pandey Shweta 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In approximately 25% of peripheral neuropathy cases, diagnosis remains obscure. In India, leprosy continues to remain one of the most frequent causes of peripheral neuropathy. We, in this prospective evaluation, performed nerve biopsies in patients with peripheral neuropathy for early confirmation of the diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 55 consecutive cases of peripheral neuropathy were included in this study. All patients were subjected to clinical and electrophysiological evaluation. Sural nerve biopsies were performed in all the patients.

Result:
After a nerve biopsy in 29 cases, we were able to identify the underlying cause of peripheral neuropathy. In 26 cases, the diagnosis remained obscure. The most frequent histopathological diagnosis was leprosy, which was seen in 20 cases. Other diagnoses were chronic demyelinating neuropathy (four cases), vasculitis (two cases), and amyloidosis in one case. In two biopsies, the findings were consistent with hereditary neuropathies. The demonstration of lepra bacilli was the most distinctive feature. In addition, foamy macrophages (100%) and granuloma (100%) formation, epineurial (83.3%) and endoneurial infiltration (69%) along with epineurial (87.5%) and perineurial thickening (77.3%) were also noted more frequently in leprosy-associated neuropathy.

Conclusion:
The nerve biopsies revealed that leprosy was the most common etiology in patients with peripheral neuropathy. In approximately 47% of the cases, even nerve biopsies failed to establish a confirmed diagnosis.
The pattern of tobacco use and the associated socio-demographic factors among Transgenders living in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sucharitha Sree T. , Pradeep Rangasawmy , Vikram Ashokkumar , Sivagurunathan Chinnaian , Ezhilvanan Mani , Premkumar K. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, which kills more than 8 million people a year around the world. Transgenders are prone to use and abuse substances including tobacco and alcohol as a coping mechanism to manage minority stress experienced due to high levels of discrimination and lack of acceptance by society.

Objectives:
Among transgenders living in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, (1) we aimed to estimate the prevalence and describe the pattern of tobacco use and (2) identify the sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco use.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 734 transgender adults living in the Chennai city of Tamil Nadu. A pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule was used. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and proportions were used for categorical variables. Chi-square test was applied to find the significance of the association between tobacco use and sociodemographic factors.

Results:
The prevalence of the current use of any form of tobacco products among transgenders was 64.4%. About 27% had tried to stop using tobacco during the past 1 year. Education status, socioeconomic class, and occupation were significantly associated with the current use of any form of tobacco and trying to quit tobacco use.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of tobacco use among transgenders is alarming. The present study findings highlight the need to increase awareness activities by health authorities and non-government organizations (NGOs)/community-based organizations (CBOs) to generate awareness about the health hazards of tobacco use among transgenders. Tobacco control programs focussing on transgenders are essential.
Older people’s perceptions of intergenerational relationships in nursing homes: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Harouni Mahboubeh D. , Tabrizi Kian N. , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Fadayevatan Reza , Maddah Sadat S. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Intergenerational conflict is one of the components which helps to inappropriate communication patterns and ineffective interactions. Intergenerational research aims to promote deeper understanding and respect between generations and helps to create more cohesive communities, suggesting that it can have numerous health and social benefits. Despite the importance of intergenerational relationships in the elderly, the older people’s perceptions of intergenerational relationships in nursing homes are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the older people’s perceptions of intergenerational relationships in nursing homes in relation to nurses.

Methods:
This was a qualitative content analysis in which 12 elderly residents and 6 employees (3 nurses, 1 supervisor, 1 psychologist and 1 nursing home manager) in the nursing home were recruited purposively from three nursing homes located in Tehran, Iran. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Data were analyzed via qualitative content analysis and continuous comparison and were based on self-interactional group theory (SIGT).

Results:
During data analysis, “Struggle for existence” was extracted from three subthemes as the main theme. Subthemes such as “prejudicious tendencies”, “Communication nodes” resulting from intra-group and inter-group analysis, respectively, and the “umbrella of society,” which influences both concepts, formed the intergenerational relationships in the nursing homes.

Conclusion:
Generational differences between nursing home residents and nurses make establishing effective communication between them difficult and lead to lack of quality care. The study findings can help nursing home managers apply strategies to remove barriers to intergenerational relationships, improve these relationships and increase cohesion between generations to lead to better care and subsequent improvement in their quality of life.
When time is short, and we are late!: A story of chronic meningitis
Authors: Chakraborty Debabrata , Bhaumik Sanjay , Agarwal Sushil , Sen Sagar , Majumder Saptarshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We often face situations when the exact etiological diagnosis of meningitis is difficult. The reason behind this is that many pathogens have similar clinical, radiological, and laboratory pictures. The low yield of the pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), non-availability of detail tests in all corners of the world, delay in availability of reliable results (like cultures), and difficulty in performing confirmatory tests like brain biopsy (in inconclusive cases) make the job of a clinician challenging. We report here a case where a late diagnosis of a disease owing to inconclusive results leads to dissemination. The complications following the introduction of the treatment based on presumption lead to further difficulty. We remained inclined to our diagnosis based on clinical judgement, acknowledged and managed the inflammatory changes secondary to the infection, and finally won the long battle. So, sometimes we need to make decisions based on clinical grounds. We need to depend on the fact that uncommon presentations of common diseases are commoner than a common presentation of uncommon diseases.
Knowledge, attitude, and hesitance toward COVID-19 vaccination – a cross-sectional study from Jharkhand
Authors: Kumari Anita , Rani Sudha , Kumar Chandramani , Kumari Vinita 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
In order to enhance public acceptability and reduce vaccine hesitancy in the face of the disease, it is necessary to examine the general public’s awareness of the coronavirus vaccination. Vaccination resistance to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination continues to be a problem throughout the world. Some of the greatest hurdles to dedication to hygienic standards are a lack of scientific testing for the vaccination, the fear of vaccine side effects, and reports of active viruses in immunizations. National and international health groups are launching initiatives to promote public knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccinations. This study aimed to understand the knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine among the people of the Hazaribag district from Jharkhand.

Methodology:
The present study was conducted in Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand. It was a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted from June 2021 to December 2021.

Result:
The majority of respondents (83.3%) were confident in taking the COVID-19 vaccine, and 76% respondents agreed that the COVID-19 vaccinations now in use were safe; nevertheless, concern was expressed by 8% of respondents, whereas neutrality was expressed by 15.1%.

Conclusion:
Overall, the participants in the study had a good understanding of the coronavirus vaccine and agreed to take it. The development of mild or major side effects following immunization is the most important determinant for vaccine reluctance. Vaccine acceptability may improve whenever more information about vaccine safety and efficacy becomes available in the public domain, preferably from a centralized, trustworthy source. To promote public vaccination acceptance and reduce vaccine hesitancy, ongoing training and health education programs are required.
Dog tick (Rhipecephalus) causing Lyme disease in an adult human
Authors: Grover Ashok Kumar , Singh Purneetha , Puri Saurabh , Jindal Saurabh , Choudhary Pankaj Nand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lyme disease is a tick-borne multisystem disorder transmitted by the family of Ixodes and caused by a spirochete, Borrelia. An early manifestation of the disease presents with skin lesions typically called Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM). Doxycycline should be the antibiotic of choice used for its treatment. However, we present the case of Lyme’s disease in an adult male with dog tick, Rhipecephalus as a vector.
Efficacy of phenytoin for 7 days versus 21 days as prophylactic anticonvulsant in traumatic brain injury patients – A comparative study
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Bharti Alok Kumar , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Kumari Sarita , Singh Anup , Yadav Ghanshyam 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Post traumatic seizures (PTS) are very common after traumatic brain injury and occur more common in severe form of injury. Prophylactic treatment with phenytoin has been found to be effective however till now no uniform internationally agreed guideline is available for the duration of anticonvulsant prophylaxis for traumatic brain injury patients.

Methods:
100 patients of either sex between age group of 18–65 years who have suffered intracranial injury identified by CT scan, admitted in Trauma ICU were enrolled in this prospective randomized single blinded clinical study. Group 1 (n = 50) received 7 days prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy with phenytoin and Group 2 (n = 50) received for 21 days. The primary end point was the occurrence of seizures, which were classified as early (occurring from time of drug loading to day 7) or late (occurring on day 8 or later after loading of drug). Patients were also assessed for the possible adverse side effects of phenytoin.

Result:
Out of 100 patients, 90 completed the study successfully as 5 patients from each group expired during the duration of the study. On comparing the frequency of seizure from 1st to 7th day after loading dose of phenytoin between two groups, out of 45 patient, 2 (4.4%) developed seizure in group 1 and 3 (6.7%) developed seizure in group 2 and found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.645). On comparing the frequency of seizure from 1st to 21st day after loading dose of phenytoin between two groups, out of 45 patient, 4 (8.9%) developed seizure in groups 1 and 3 (11.1%) developed seizure in group 2 and found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.725).

Conclusion:
A 21-day prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy with phenytoin was not more effective than a 7-day prophylactic therapy with phenytoin to reduce the frequency of seizure in a TBI patient in trauma ICU and was also associated with more adverse side effects that were insignificant.