bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Art, Heterogeneous Heterotopias: Barry Jenkins’ Cinematic Adaptation of James Baldwin’s If Beale Street Could Talk
Authors: Wang Longyan , Zhang Longhai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Offering a comparative analysis of James Baldwin’s original 1974 novel If Beale Street Could Talk and the 2018 cinematic adaption directed by Barry Jenkins, this essay argues that the film adaptation successfully reconstructs the novel’s depictions of racial injustice and contemplations of heterotopias as sites for potential Black agency but creates notable slippages from the novel’s positions on religion, family, and gender. On the one hand, Jenkins closely follows Baldwin’s social protest theme and retains discursive contemplations of the street and prison as heterotopian spaces where systemic racism occurs but can also be protested. On the other hand, Jenkins’ adaptation centralizes Black romantic heterosexual love to the point of diminishing Baldwin’s messaging about the need for family solidarity, the need for humanist solidarity, and the danger posed by fundamentalist religion to Black family solidarity. Jenkins’ adaptation widens Baldwin’s perlocutionary influence among people who would be uninterested in reading a novel but who would be willing to see a film, and potentially triggers audience members into thinking about the existential crisis of Black people in an anti-Black world, but would also be more societally helpful if it retained Baldwin’s messages about hypocritical religiosity, family solidarity, and gender equality.
How do predisposing factors differ between delirium motor subtypes? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghezzi Erica S , Greaves Danielle , Boord Monique S , Davis Daniel , Knayfati Sara , Astley Jack M , Sharman Rhianna L S , Goodwin Stephanie I , Keage Hannah A D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Delirium is a common neurocognitive disorder in hospitalised older adults with vast negative consequences. The predominant method of subtyping delirium is by motor activity profile into hypoactive, hyperactive and mixed groups.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated how predisposing factors differ between delirium motor subtypes.

Methods
Databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Embase) were systematically searched for studies reporting predisposing factors (prior to delirium) for delirium motor subtypes. A total of 61 studies met inclusion criteria (N = 14,407, mean age 73.63 years). Random-effects meta-analyses synthesised differences between delirium motor subtypes relative to 22 factors.

Results
Hypoactive cases were older, had poorer cognition and higher physical risk scores than hyperactive cases and were more likely to be women, living in care homes, taking more medications, with worse functional performance and history of cerebrovascular disease than all remaining subtypes. Hyperactive cases were younger than hypoactive and mixed subtypes and were more likely to be men, with better cognition and lower physical risk scores than all other subtypes. Those with no motor subtype (unable to be classified) were more likely to be women and have better functional performance. Effect sizes were small.

Conclusions
Important differences in those who develop motor subtypes of delirium were shown prior to delirium occurrence. We provide robust quantitative evidence for a common clinical assumption that indices of frailty (institutional living, cognitive and functional impairment) are seen more in hypoactive patients. Motor subtypes should be measured across delirium research. Motor subtyping has great potential to improve the clinical risk assessment and management of delirium.
Increased Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability Is Associated With Impaired Cognitive Function
Authors: Asmuje Nur Fazidah , Mat Sumaiyah , Goh Choon Hian , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence has linked visit-to-visit, day-to-day and 24-h ABPM blood pressure variability (BPV) with cognitive impairment. Few studies have, however, considered beat-to-beat BPV. This study, therefore, evaluated the relationship between beat-to-beat BPV and cognitive function among community-dwellers aged 55 years and over.

METHODS
Data was obtained from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study, which employed random stratified sampling from three parliamentary constituencies within the Klang Valley. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) was recorded using non-invasive BP monitoring (TaskforceTM, CNSystems). Low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and low-to-high frequency (LF:HF) ratio for BPV were derived using fast Fourier transformation. Cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, and categorized into normal aging, mild impairment and moderate-to-severe impairment.

RESULTS
Data from 1,140 individuals, mean age (SD) 68.48 (7.23) years, were included. Individuals with moderate-to-severe impairment had higher HF-BPV for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure compared to individuals within the normal aging group [OR (95% CI) = 2.29 (1.62–3.24)] and [OR (95% CI) = 1.80 (1.32–2.45)], while HF-SBPV [OR (95% CI) = 1.41 (1.03–1.93)] but not HF-DBPV was significantly higher with mild impairment compared to normal aging after adjustments for potential confounders. Moderate-to-severe impairment was associated with significantly lower LF:HF-SBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.18–0.47)] and LF:HF-DBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.49 (0.34–0.72)], while mild impairment was associated with significantly lower LF:HF-SBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.34–0.80)] but not LF:HF-DBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.57–1.17)], compared to normal aging with similar adjustments.

CONCLUSION
Higher HF-BPV, which indicates parasympathetic activation, and lower LF:HF-BPV, which addresses sympathovagal balance, were observed among individuals with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment. Future studies should determine whether BPV could be a physiological marker or modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline.
Implementation of telehealth for first-dose device teaching within a health-system specialty pharmacy
Authors: Buechel Megan , Friestrom Eric , Hartkopf Katherine , Langley James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To demonstrate how the integration of a pharmacist-led, telehealth-based first-dose device teaching (FDDT) workflow helped to improve the efficiency of the work system, expand access, and maintain the high quality of care.

Summary
The telehealth program was designed utilizing existing specialty pharmacy infrastructure and a partnership with a dermatology clinic. The program includes patients receiving a self-injectable specialty medication (SISM) who require an FDDT and fill with our health system’s specialty pharmacy. Patients complete a virtual FDDT with a specialty pharmacist following an initial pharmacist consult and medication shipment. Patient experience and program feedback were captured via a standardized 5-point Likert telephone survey. A total of 30 patients completed the FDDT program. Surveys following the FDDT visit completed by 19 patients showed that patients had high satisfaction with the quality and convenience of the telehealth visit (4.53 and 4.79, respectively). Overall care and education received from the pharmacist was also rated highly (5.00). Notable feedback captured in free responses emphasized the helpfulness of the pharmacist and the convenience of the visit. Areas to improve focused on technology difficulties.

Conclusion
As SISMs continue to grow in utilization, telehealth services should be considered as part of the clinic workflow. Specialty pharmacists delivered high-quality and convenient care to patients through this patient education program. Expansion of this program into additional clinics may help improve specialty care access and increase the availability of nursing staff for additional clinical needs.
Towards Epistemic Justice: Constructing Knowers in Multilingual Classrooms
Authors: Kerfoot Caroline , Bello-Nonjengele Basirat Olayemi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study of a postcolonial school, we expand understandings of epistemic justice from the perspective of language, addressing issues of know-ledge, understanding, and participation in communicative practices. We suggest that monoglossic language-in-education policies constitute a form of epistemic injustice by diminishing learners’ ability to make epistemic contributions, a capacity central to human value. We further suggest that translanguaging in formal school settings generally promotes epistemic access rather than epistemic justice, leaving value hierarchies and relations of knowing unchanged. Conversely, this study presents linguistic ethnographic data from a three-year project where learners could choose their language of learning to Grade 6 and use all languages in subject classrooms. We analyse how a Grade 6 learner used laminated, multilingual stances to construct others as knowers, negotiate epistemic authority, and promote solidarity. We argue that she thereby constructed new decolonial relations of knowing and being. Moreover, the shift from monolingual to multilingual episteme, which substantially improved performance overall, enabled new social, epistemic, and moral orders to emerge from below, laying the basis for greater epistemic justice.
Jumping out of trouble: evidence for a cognitive map in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: De Waele Hannah , Vila Pouca Catarina , van Boerdonk Dimphy , Luiten Ewoud , Leenheer Lisanne M , Mitchell David , Vega-Trejo Regina , Kotrschal Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spatial cognitive abilities allow individuals to remember the location of resources such as food patches, predator hide-outs, or shelters. Animals typically incorporate learned spatial information or use external environmental cues to navigate their surroundings. A spectacular example of how some fishes move is through aerial jumping. For instance, fish that are trapped within isolated pools, cut off from the main body of water during dry periods, may jump over obstacles and direct their jumps to return to safe locations. However, what information such re-orientation behavior during jumping is based on remains enigmatic. Here we combine a lab and field experiment to test if guppies (Poecilia reticulata) incorporate learned spatial information and external environmental cues (visual and auditory) to determine where to jump. In a spatial memory assay we found that guppies were more likely to jump towards deeper areas, hence incorporating past spatial information to jump to safety. In a matched versus mismatched spatial cue experiment in the field, we found that animals only showed directed jumping when visual and auditory cues matched. We show that in unfamiliar entrapments guppies direct their jumps by combining visual and auditory cues, whereas in familiar entrapments they use a cognitive map. We hence conclude that jumping behavior is a goal-directed behavior, guided by different sources of information and involving important spatial cognitive skills.
A generalized approach to characterize optical properties of natural objects
Authors: Ospina-Rozo Laura , Roberts Ann , Stuart-Fox Devi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo understand the diversity of ways in which natural materials interact with light, it is important to consider how their reflectance changes with the angle of illumination or viewing and to consider wavelengths beyond the visible. Efforts to characterize these optical properties, however, have been hampered by heterogeneity in measurement techniques, parameters and terminology. Here, we propose a standardized set of measurements, parameters and terminology to describe the optical properties of natural objects based on spectrometry, including angle-dependent effects, such as iridescence and specularity. We select a set of existing measurements and parameters that are generalizable to any wavelength range and spectral shape, and we highlight which subsets of measures are relevant to different biological questions. As a case study, we have applied these measures to 30 species of Christmas beetles, in which we observed previously unrealized diversity in visible and near-infrared reflectance. As expected, reflection of short wavelengths was associated with high spectral purity and angle dependence. In contrast to simple, artificial structures, iridescence and specularity were not strongly correlated, highlighting the complexity and modularity of natural materials. Species did not cluster according to spectral parameters or genus, suggesting high lability of optical properties. The proposed standardization of measures and parameters will improve our understanding of biological adaptations for manipulating light by facilitating the systematic comparison of complex optical properties, such as glossy or metallic appearances and visible or near-infrared iridescence.
Ideology and policy decision-making in the face of the Coronavirus pandemic in the USA
Authors: Prieto-Rodríguez Juan , Salas Rafael , Noonan Douglas , Cabeza-Martinez Francisco , Ramos-Gutierrez Javier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge for the health systems of many countries. In the USA, COVID-19 accentuated political polarity. On the one hand, the defenders of more severe public health measures and, on the other, the advocates of individual rights and freedom above any other consideration. In this study, we analyse whether political partisanship and the political ideology of the different states of the USA have influenced the way COVID-19 was handled in the outbreak. Specifically, we analyse whether the ideology of each state affected the decrease in NO2 levels (used as a proxy for local economic activity and traffic) observed after the pandemic outbreak.
Autocratic Challenges to International Human Rights Law: A Chinese Case Study
Authors: Pils Eva 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drawing on a case study of the implications of China’s atrocities in Xinjiang in the context of China’s historical engagement with UN and its human rights mechanisms, this article examines autocracies’ impact on the institutions and practices of international human rights law. It argues that that rather than creating new law that turns international law as a whole (more) authoritarian, the Chinese party-state is primarily—and even more dangerously—corroding its institutions and practices, while expanding neo-totalitarian governance discourses and practices to the global level. The autocratic corrosion of international human rights law institutions is exacerbated by attempts to weaken accountability under international human rights law from within liberal democracies, amounting to synergic corrosive effects. Yet, the corrosion of practices norms and institutions must not be equated with the elimination of human rights as powerful ideas underpinning responses to the institutional challenges identified here.
Sex and stress modulate pupal defense response in tobacco hornworm
Authors: Singh Sukhman , Watts Sakshi , Kaur Ishveen , Rodriguez Isabella , Ayala Jessica , Rodriguez Dariela , Martin Elian , Kariyat Rupesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In insects, larval and adult defenses against predators have been well studied. However, pupal (also known as resting stage) defenses have been overlooked and not examined thoroughly. Although some pupa possess antipredator strategies such as hairs, spines, cryptic coloration, and exudation of chemicals, few studies have tested these responses and the factors affecting them. Here, we investigated the behavioral responses in tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta that pupates in soil by introducing an external stimulus using vibrations from an electric toothbrush to mimic predation. We observed that M. sexta made violent wriggling (twitching), followed by pulsating movements in response to the vibrational stimulus. Detailed examination showed that these twitches and pulsating events occurred more frequently and for longer periods of time in male pupa and were dependent on the magnitude of the stress (high and low frequency). However, when we estimated the angular force exerted by pupa using radian and angular momentum of twitches, it was found to be independent of pupal sex. A follow-up experiment on possible cascading effects of stress exposure on eclosion success revealed that low- and high-frequency stress exposure didn’t cause any of the common defects in eclosed adults. Our study clearly demonstrates that the so-called defenseless pupal stage uses a wide range of measurable defense behaviors that can actively defend against predators and should be examined further-linking observed behavior with underlying mechanisms.
Mate choice is affected by parasite infestation rate of the choosing individual as well as of potential mating partners
Authors: Cantarero Alejandro , Dolnik Olga V , Griggio Matteo , Hoi Herbert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parasites are known to be a key driving force in mate choice and are important for the expression and evolution of ornaments and behavioral traits being used. However, there is little experimental evidence on how the parasite’s burden of the choosing individual is integrated into the mate-choice process and how it affects decision-making, especially in relation to parasite infestation of potential mates. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine whether female house sparrows Passer domesticus adjust their mate preference according to their own as well as the parasite load of prospective partners. To do this, we experimentally manipulated female parasite load and determined their mate preferences prior to and after parasite treatment. We manipulated the chronic coccidian parasite burden of females either by initiating the acute infection phase via re-infecting them with coccidian or by temporally reducing the parasite load of coccidia. We then measured the effect of this manipulation on mate preference by presenting females with a choice of four stimuli: three males with similar ornaments, but unmanipulated, naturally varying chronic coccidiosis levels, and an unmanipulated control female. Additionally, we recorded some males’ behavior in relation to their infection status pointing toward an increased or reduced interest in mating. We found that females preferred highly infested males prior to manipulation, regardless of their own infestation level. However, after manipulation, infested females avoided highly infested males probably in response to the deterioration of their health condition by parasites. Our study suggests that mate-choice decisions are more complex when they are mediated by parasites. The implications of parasites for evolutionary theories of sexual signaling and mate choice are discussed.
Fecundity and Longevity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Constant Temperatures and Development of an Oviposition Model
Authors: Heo Jin Woo , Kim Su Bin , Kim Dong-Soon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a notorious invasive pest native to subtropical and tropical regions in the Western Hemisphere. It has recently invaded and established in south Asian countries and in South Korea only seasonally. Longevity, survival, and fecundity of fall armyworm were examined at different temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C) and an oviposition model was developed. The maximum observed fecundity was 1,485 eggs per female at 22.0°C, which decreased to ca. 815 eggs at 32.0°C. Female longevity decreased as the temperature increased up to 24°C, and then was constant around 13–14 d until temperature reached 32°C, ranging from 33.1 d at 16.0°C to 13.1 d at 32.0°C. Temperature-dependent total fecundity (TDF) was well described by the extreme value function. Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate (AOR) and age-specific survival rate (ASR) curves were fitted to logistic and sigmoid functions, respectively. The model of female adults’ aging rate (1/mean longevity) as a function of temperature was used to calculate the physiological age of fall armyworm females in AOR and ASR models. Three temperature-dependent components of TDF, AOR, and ASR were incorporated to construct the oviposition model, and it was simulated to project corn damage with tentative parameters. When 10 fall armyworm females were assumed, a total of 68–74 corn ears with kernel damage were predicted. Such loss was estimated to be US$75–83 currently in the Korean market.
Insight analysis of the cross-sensitization of multiple fish parvalbumins via the Th1/Th2 immunological balance and cytokine release from the perspective of safe consumption of fish
Authors: Wu Yeting , Lu Youyou , Huang Yuhao , Lin Hong , Dang Xuewen , Jing Yujie , Meng Zhaocheng , Wang Xiangchen , Li Zhenxing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Parvalbumin (PV) is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved. According to some studies, some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others; however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified.

Materials and Methods
The cross-reactivity of these seven fish parvalbumins based on turbot PV-treated mice was determined using BALB/c mouse and RBL-2H3 cell models. Meanwhile, immunoinformatic tools were used to assess cross-reactivity.

Results
The results indicated that the seven species of fishes (turbot, large yellow croaker, sea bass, grass carp, common carp, conger eel and Japanese eel) studied exhibited varying degrees of cross-reactivity, with the highest cross-reactivity being between turbot and bass and the lowest being between turbot and conger eel. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the sequence homology of parvalbumin between conger eel and turbot was the lowest, which may account for the conger eel and turbot cross-reaction being so limited. Parvalbumin was a potent cross-reactive allergen found in turbot, large yellow croaker, sea bass, grass carp, common carp, conger eel and Japanese eel, and the cross-reactivity between conger eel and turbot parvalbumin was the weakest.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the cross-reactivity between conger eel PV and turbot PV was the weakest.
Coherence and potential drivers of stock assessment uncertainty in Northeast US groundfish stocks
Authors: Kerr L , Barajas M , Wiedenmann J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Failure to account for the impacts of climate and ecosystem change on stock dynamics can introduce uncertainty to stock assessments that can make meeting the objective of sustainable fisheries management challenging. The increased prevalence and magnitude of uncertainty in New England groundfish stock assessments (i.e. retrospective patterns) in recent years suggest that there may be common drivers impacting these stocks that are currently unaccounted for in the stock assessment. We examined the coherence in retrospective patterns across groundfish stock assessments and evaluated candidate drivers of retrospective patterns, including large-scale climate and ecosystem change, as well as significant management and monitoring changes. We found high coherence in moving window Mohn's rho time series for groundfish within the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank areas. Fluctuations in Gulf of Maine groundfish Mohn's rho values were most strongly related to lagged bottom temperature and spiny dogfish biomass time series, whereas fluctuations in Georges Bank groundfish Mohn's rho values were strongly related to lagged time series of warm core rings formation from the Gulf Stream. Our identification of coherence in retrospective patterns across groundfish stocks by region supports the idea of common regional drivers with climate and ecosystem changes emerging as the leading contributing factors.