bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIPRE: A Tool Aiding the Design for Entry Probe Missions
Authors: Probst Alena , Spilker Linda , Hofstadter Mark , Spilker Tom , Atkinson David H. , Probst Lewin , Mousis Olivier , Simon Amy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Exploring planetary atmospheres uncovers important information as to how our solar system formed and evolved. While remote sensing is extensively used, some crucial observations require in situ measurements by an atmospheric probe. Given their scientific importance, probe missions to Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are under consideration for the coming decades. In anticipation of future probe missions, the software tool Visualization of the Impact of PRobe Entry conditions on the science, mission and spacecraft design (VIPRE) was developed as proof-of-concept to facilitate selection of probe entry locations. Currently, there is no analytical way to identify which interplanetary trajectory from thousands of feasible launch opportunities is optimal for a considered mission concept. The search and decision process for that solution is complex and relies on the intuition of mission designers, who focus on a subset of trajectories to make the trade space manageable. The idea of VIPRE is (1) to generate a multidimensional data cube showing relevant engineering and science parameters simultaneously for thousands of trajectories, and (2) to visualize the data for all entry sites over the body’s envelope. VIPRE lays a foundation to make available the data for browsing in a 3D visualization to identify the best family of solutions for a given mission. This paper introduces the validated and verified core algorithms of VIPRE, published on GitHub Probst. VIPRE serves as a basic framework to be used and extended for different purposes. The paper further presents the motivation for the development and algorithms; it explains the computation and data visualization strategy; and gives a list of suggested functionalities to extend and further develop VIPRE to fully leverage its potential.
Participation des citoyens à l’élaboration d’un projet alimentaire territorial (PAT) : l’expérience des ateliers de cuisine de rue
Authors: Lequin Julie 
Published: April 2022

Le développement des projets alimentaires territoriaux (PAT) invite à renforcer l’implication des citoyens dans la définition des politiques de l’alimentation. Dans cet article, Julie Lequin analyse comment cet enjeu s’intègre dans les appels d’offres liés à la mise en œuvre de PAT tout en soulignant les limites du cadre institutionnel actuel. Elle revient ensuite, à travers un retour d’expérience, sur la mise en place d’un atelier cuisine de rue, qu’elle envisage comme une modalité de participation inclusive des publics précaires.
La diversité des modèles d’entreprises sociales : nouvelles dynamiques au cœur et aux confins de l’économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Defourny Jacques , Nyssens Marthe 
Published: April 2022

Le Projet de recherche ICSEM (« International Comparative Social Enterprise Model »), mené de 2013 à 2019, a eu pour objectif d’identifier et de comparer les modèles d’entreprises sociales à travers le monde. Sur la base d’un cadre analytique original, quatre modèles principaux d’entreprise sociale ont été identifiés puis ont été confortés par une base de données ICSEM constituée grâce à une enquête dans 43 pays. Il apparaît ainsi que l’existence de trois des quatre modèles, i.e. la coopérative sociale, « l’associatif entrepreneurial » et le « social business », est fortement soutenue par l’analyse empirique dans presque tous les pays étudiés. Par ailleurs, des spécificités significatives apparaissent en Europe de l’Ouest, Centrale et Orientale.
Les fonctionnalités du droit économique européen pour de nouvelles régulations du travail de plateforme − l’exemple du règlement P2B 2019/1150
Authors: Pellerin Tristan 
Published: April 2022

Le règlement européen Platform to Business (P2B), adopté le 20 juin 2019, a été pensé pour encadrer la transparence des algorithmes d’intermédiation des plateformes en ligne. S’il n’a initialement pas été envisagé pour réguler le travail de plateforme, il se révèle pertinent pour répondre aux enjeux soulevés par ce phénomène. Il est possible de découvrir, par la méthode comparatiste de « l’équivalence fonctionnelle », une similarité entre les protections traditionnellement admises par le droit social européen et celles que pourrait apporter le règlement P2B face à certaines problématiques du travail de plateforme. Bien que son champ personnel d’application ne permette pas en l’état d’appréhender l’ensemble des plateformes de travail, son contenu ouvre la voie à la réflexion pour la régulation européenne à venir. Un futur outil équivalent permettrait d’envisager le travail de plateforme dans une dimension globale et de résoudre de nombreuses problématiques processuelles que rencontrent les travailleurs de plateformes. Entre droit économique et droit social, c’est une réflexion plus globale sur le domaine juridique dans lequel se joue la protection du travailleur qui a été menée.
Un trauma partagé en groupe
Authors: Marinelli Stefania 
Published: April 2022

S’appuyant sur des exemples cliniques et des concepts théoriques relatifs au fonctionnement des groupes, l’auteur décrit le « champ psychique transpersonnel » des patients analysés individuellement pendant la pandémie, comme un « groupe » qui s’est formé dans son esprit. Ainsi, une série d’éléments qui ont émergé au cours de ces analyses individuelles (idéations, pensées, comportements, liens, rêves) sont présentés ici du point de vue du fonctionnement du groupe et des liens (inconscients) qui s’y créent. Ces éléments sont considérés comme un produit de l’interaction, dans un champ commun, entre les patients individuels, l’analyste, et leur lien social avec le champ qu’ils ont créé et qui est en relation avec la pandémie et le confinement. Ce processus « de groupe » se développe en différentes étapes et inclut l’ensemble des patients vus en individuel : les nouveaux, les anciens qui sont revenus – en particulier ceux qui ont été malades –, en plus des patients qui étaient déjà chez moi. Le processus coïncide avec les besoins individuels de connexion, mais aussi de différenciation. Il est partagé et soumis aux fluctuations de l’urgence, mais il est aussi conditionné à rester relativement indépendant ou peu envahi par le caractère exceptionnel de la condition sociale commune.
Prevalence, Molecular Identification, and Genotyping of Candida Species Recovered from Oral Cavity among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus from Tehran, Iran
Authors: Zarei Narges , Roudbary Maryam , Roudbar Mohammadi Shahla , dos Santos André Luis , Nikoomanesh Fatemeh , Mohammadi Rasoul , Shirvan Bahador Nikoueian , Yaalimadad Sanaz 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Oral candidiasis (OC) has been noticed as a common mucous membrane infection in immunocompromised patients such as that diabetes. This study, focused on the genotyping of Candida albicans and enzymatic activities of Candida species recovered from oral mucosa among diabetes patients and healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:
Specimens were obtained from oral mucosa of One-hundred and sixty patients with type 2 diabetic and 108 healthy individuals. All isolates were definitely identified by ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencinghHydrophobicity, hemolytic activities of Candida species and genotypes of C. albicans were determined through polymerase chain reaction (CA-INT).

Results:
, Eighty eight (55%) samples out of 160, were positive for Candida species in diabetic patients. Moreover, 79.5% (70/88) and 20.5% (18/88) isolates belonged to the C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species respectively. Three genotypes of C. albicans have recovered in diabetic patients: genotype A (71.42%), B (21.42%), and C (7.14%). In healthy individuals, 42.6% (46/102) Candida species recovered from oral cavity, with the highest prevalence of genotype A (76.6% of C. albicans). Additionally, hydrophobicity and hemolytic activities from Candida species were significantly greater in diabetes patients than healthy nondiabetic subjects.

Conclusion:
Collectively, C. albicans was the most causative agent isolated from diabetes patients and non-diabetes healthy individuals. Genotype A, as the most remarkable genotype, should be mentioned in both groups. Higher potential hydrophobicity and hemolytic activities of Candida species in diabetic patients compared to healthy cases suggest these features triggering pathogenicity of OC in diabetes patients.
Comparison of Cutting Efficiency and Safety of 10/0.04 RaCe and Mtwo Rotary File Systems in Reaching the Full Root Canal Working Length
Authors: Abedi Pouya , Gilani Peiman , Fathollahi Mahmood Sheikh , Iranmanesh Foad 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Both RaCe and Mtwo rotary systems introduced the 10/0.04 file as the first file used in the root canal (Glide path). This study aims to compare different factors of both the rotary systems, including cutting efficacy, file fracture, topography changes of files, and changes of the root canal.

Materials and Methods:
In this laboratory study, 12 RaCe and 12 Mtwo files were prepared and tested on 24 resin blocks with 30° curvature. The time to reach the working length was recorded. Topographical changes of the files have been observed with a stereomicroscope if needed. Changes in resin blocks were measured by photographing and using Photoshop software. Data were analyzed through an independent two-sample t test and likelihood-ratio chi-squared test.

Results:
Time to reach the working length was significantly lower in the RaCe group than in the Mtwo group (3.57 ± 0.56 s vs. 10.33 ± 2.25 s, P < 0.001). File fracture did not occur in any of the two rotary systems. Topographical changes of the files in RaCe group were also less than the Mtwo group (P = 0.032).

Conclusion:
The RaCe file is faster in reaching the working length. Both files are safe and do not cause drastic changes in the root canal.
Validation of Questionnaires in Screening for Restorative Treatment Need among 15-, 21-, and 40-year olds
Authors: Kämppi Antti , Paananen A. , Laajala A. , Karki S. , Kukkola K. , Molkoselkä E. , Mäkynen A. , Laitala M.L. , Päkkilä J. , Anttonen Vuokko , Tanner Tarja 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between three age-specific questionnaires in three age groups and restorative dental treatment need.

Materials and methods:
Three separate questionnaires were designed on etiology of dental caries in different age groups. Randomly selected 15- (n = 36), 21- (n = 21), and 40-year-old (n = 45) subjects answered these questionnaires. Responses were compared to restorative treatment need (DT) according to the clinical oral examination, which calibrated examiner performed.

Results:
Responses to questionnaires were only indicative in prediction of restorative treatment need at individual level. Kappa values for 15-, 21-, and 40-year olds, between responses and restorative treatment need were 0.01, 0.44, and 0.33, respectively.

Conclusion:
The need for restorative care could plausible be screened with a questionnaire among the 21- and 40-year olds, but not among 15-year olds in a country with low caries prevalence. Further development of questionnaires and studies are needed.
Influence of Pretransplant Anemia on Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Augustine Merline , Murugesan Mohandoss , Nair Chandran K. , Nayanar Sangeetha Keloth 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:
Anemia during peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) transplant is considered a bad prognostic marker. The study aimed to determine whether pretransplant anemia influence peritransplant transfusion requirements in myeloma patients.

Methods:
Myeloma patients planned for PBSC transplant were stratified based on hemoglobin levels at time of mobilization, PBSC collection, and PBSC infusion. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to study the predictors for good mobilization, adequate CD34 yield by apheresis, and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the peritransplant period.

Results:
Of 67 patients, the prevalence of anemia at mobilization, PBSC collection, and PBSC infusion was 37%, 58%, and 70%, respectively. Eighty-five percent had good mobilization with peripheral blood CD34 count of 50 cells/μl (8–123) and 81% had adequate CD34 yield with first apheresis. Thirty-two percent patients received peritransplant RBC transfusion with the median of one unit (range: 0–5). Anemia on the day of infusion did influence the RBC transfusions in the peritransplant period (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
One third of myeloma patients require RBC transfusion support in the peritransplant period. We identified pretransplant anemia neither influenced mobilization nor PBSC collection but increased the risk for RBC transfusion in the peritransplant period.
Management of Safe and Adequate Blood Supply in COVID-19 Pandemic Amid National Lockdown
Authors: Vachhani Nishith Ashvinbhai , Nandani Sanjiv L , Domadiya Yogesh S , Bhatt Jyoti P 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:
Blood centers around the globe are dependent on voluntary blood donation from healthy individuals to meet their blood supplies. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic has become one of the most critical global health emergencies of modern times. Blood transfusion service (BTS) in India faced numerous challenges during the COVID-19 outbreak and the following imposed country lockdown. We aim to identify the challenges faced by a standalone blood center and explore the mitigation strategies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study conducted at a standalone blood center done over a time period of 05 months including the nationwide lockdown phase. Personal invitation of donors, social media awareness, and in-house donation drives were implemented to improve donor inflow. Restricted donor entry, stringent donor selection, and adequate sanitization strategies were the key steps adopted to ensure the safety of donors and staffs.

Results:
After a declaration of nationwide lockdown in India, blood donation showed a drop of 13.36% and blood demand was also reduced by 25.70% in our study.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic affected blood donation process and blood supply and adversely affected BTSs. BTS should always be vigilant to adopt new practices even before guidelines are set by regulatory authorities in adverse situations. Restrictive blood transfusion strategies need to be emphasized in the country.
A comparative study of sedo-analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine with ketamine in postoperative mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Gupta Bikram K. , Mhaske Vanita R. , Pai Vishal Krishna , Mishra L.D. 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:
To compare the sedoanalgesic effects of dexmedetomidine alone or with combination of ketamine.

Material and Methods:
After getting ethical approval and informed patient consent, 60 adult surgical patients, were randomly divided into two groups. Group KD (n = 30); received dexmedotomidine 0.5 μg/kg/h mixed with ketamine 0.5 μg/kg/h and Group DEX (n = 30); received dexmedotomidine at 0.5 mg/kg/h infusion only. In both the groups, study drugs were titrated (dexmedetomidine- 0.2-0.7 μg/kg/h and ketamine 0.2-0.7 mg/kg/h) to achieve target sedation. Hemodynamic variables, pain scores, sedation scores, and patient satisfaction were recorded. Qualitative and Quantitative data were analyzed with Pearson Chi-squared test and analysis of variance test, respectively. All analyses were done by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.

Results:
Pain scores were higher in group DEX than in group KD at 2 h and 4 h which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 h, sedation scores were higher in group KD than in group DEX and was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Length of intensive care unit stay was almost comparable in both groups, and the time to tracheal extubation was lesser in ketamine-dexmedetomidine group as compared to the dexmedetomidine alone group. However the difference was statistically non-significant.

Conclusions:
By combining dexmedetomidine with ketamine we observed lower incidence of hypotension and bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine with ketamine combination therapy could be used safely and effectively as sedo-analgesic agent.
Prevalence of Plateau Iris Syndrome among Patients Presenting with Primary Angle Closure and Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital
Authors: Alshomar Khalid , Alsirhy Ehab , Mirza Abdullah , Osman Mohamed , Alobaidan Abdullah , Osman Essam A. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:
Glaucoma is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and plateau iris syndrome (PIS) is the most common nonpupillary block mechanism of angle closure. This study aims to assess the prevalence of PIS among Saudi population.

METHODS:
It is a prospective observational study that examined patients previously diagnosed with chronic angle closure. Those patients already underwent peripheral laser iridotomy (PLI) and were assessed clinically and by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

RESULTS:
A total of 147 eyes in 77 patients were included in this study. The mean age among subjects was 61.2 years, and almost 69% were females. Chronic angle closure was noted to be bilateral in 91% of patients, whereas 5% had their left eye involved and 4% had right eye involved. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before PLI and after laser treatment was 19.3 and 16.2, respectively. The mean visual acuity before and after PLI was 0.3 logMAR. After UBM examination, plateau iris was found in 41.5% of subjects. The anterior chamber (AC) depth was noted to be deeper in PIS patients (P = 0.046). Other risk factors were observed in our study including place of residency (P = 0.048) and preintervention IOP (P = 0.032).

CONCLUSION:
PIS is the most common mechanism of nonpupillary block angle closure. In addition to clinical findings, UBM is important to reach the appropriate diagnosis. This study reviewed the prevalence of PIS with the aid of UBM; it was found consistent with previous reports. In addition, PIS risk factors included AC depth, place of residency, and preintervention IOP.
Determining the National Cataract Surgical Rate in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Asad A. , Awan Haroon R. , Khan Aliya Q. , Hussain Arif , Awan Zahid H. , Jadoon Mohammad Z. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:
Cataract surgical rate (CSR) (cataract surgeries performed per million population) is an eye health indicator that helps assess the state of eye care services. A survey in 2002 revealed a CSR of 2254. The current survey aimed to establish a new and sustainable development goal compliant baseline for the volume of cataract surgery performed by different service providers in Pakistan at district, provincial, and national levels.

METHODS:
The survey was commissioned by the National Committee for Eye Health under the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination. The methodology used for the survey included identification and mapping of all service providers by district and category and data collection from all districts in the country.

RESULTS:
There were more cataract surgeries performed in women than men with a male-to-female ratio of 0.95. About 98.9% of all cataract surgeries were performed with intraocular lenses, while 63.9% were performed by phacoemulsification. About 17.7% of cataract surgical services were provided in the government sector (including Forces), while nongovernmental organizations and the private sector contributed to 82.3%. Pakistan achieved a national CSR of 5307 which is almost double the CSR determined in 2002.

CONCLUSION:
In order to achieve a CSR of 7500+ by 2030, there is a need for at least 1,840,000 cataract surgeries to be performed annually. If there is no change in the current annual cataract surgical output, the CSR will drop to 4628 by 2030.
Sutureless Versus Suture Technique for Conjunctivolimbal Autografting in Primary Pterygium Excision
Authors: Prasad Shimna C. , Goudinho Sheldon J. , Isaac Shela M. , Sumangala Susha G. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:
Conjunctivolimbal autograft is proposed to be the best treatment for pterygium and autograft can be fixed either with sutures or without. This study was undertaken to assess and compare the efficacy of sutureless versus suture techniques for conjunctivolimbal autografting in primary pterygium.

METHODS:
A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology in a tertiary care center from March 2018 to September 2019. Twenty consecutive patients in the age group of 20 to 70 years with primary pterygium were included. Ten patients underwent suture technique for autograft placement, whereas ten patients underwent sutureless technique. Comparison of both the groups was done in terms of duration of surgery and postoperative symptoms. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel software and analyzed using SPSS software.

RESULTS:
In the first group, the mean duration of surgery was 48 min and it was 38 min in the second group. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Postoperatively, foreign-body sensation was present in nine patients in the first group, whereas it was absent among the patients in the second group. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Four patients in the first group and two patients in the second group had postoperative hyperemia and only one patient in the first group had conjunctival chemosis. A graft-related complication was present in one patient in the second group.

CONCLUSION:
Sutureless technique is a better technique as compared to conventional suture technique.
Outcome Following Ovarian Drilling in Nigerian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ameh Nkeiruka , Adesiyun Adebiyi G. , Okohue Jude E. , Adewole Nathaniel D. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition characterized by endocrinopathies which can lead to infertility. Various modalities of treatment have been employed including ovarian drilling, but the outcome of such ovarian drilling in Nigerian women is not known.

Aim:
This is a systematic review of the outcome of ovarian drilling on the menstrual pattern and pregnancy rate in Nigerian women.

Materials and Methods:
Google scholar and PubMed databases were searched for studies that relate to PCOS management using ovarian drilling and other modalities in Nigeria. The citation lists of relevant articles and studies were also searched. Case reports, retrospective studies, and prospective studies were included. Review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis were excluded. Six studies were found to be suitable and consisted of two case reports and prospective studies each, respectively, and one clinical trial and retrospective study each, respectively.

Results:
There were a total of 107 patients aged 17–49 years. While all the patients presented with a complaint of abnormal menstruation, 50%–70% complained of inability to conceive. All the patients had used clomiphene citrate as first-line drug to manage their complaints. Ovarian drilling was carried out using the conventional unipolar diathermy and 4 or more drills per ovary. Following the procedure, 76% resumed normal menstruation and 30% conceived.

Conclusion:
Reports of ovarian drilling in Nigeria reveal a positive outcome but the number of published studies are few and quality of evidence low. Further well-designed studies including randomized controlled trials are needed to make definite conclusions.