bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocrust‐forming lichens increase soil available phosphorus under simulated climate change
Authors: Concostrina‐Zubiri Laura , Valencia Enrique , Ochoa Victoria , Gozalo Beatriz , Mendoza Betty J. , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrylands are important reservoirs of soil phosphorus (P) at the global scale, although large uncertainties remain regarding how climate change will affect P cycling in these ecosystems. Biocrust‐forming lichens are important regulators of abiotic and biotic processes occurring in the soil surface, including nutrient availability and redistribution, across global drylands. However, their role as modulators of climate change impacts on soil P cycling is poorly known. We conducted a manipulative microcosm experiment to evaluate how six biocrust‐forming lichens (Buellia zoharyi, Diploschistes diacapsis, Fulgensia subbracteata, Psora decipiens, Squamarina lentigera and Toninia sedifolia) with diverse morphology and chemistry affect soil available P concentration and the activity of acid phosphatase after 50 months of simulated ~2°C warming and 35% rainfall reduction. Lichens increased soil available inorganic and total available P, and the activity of acid phosphatase, although the magnitude of these effects was highly species‐specific. Climate change treatments increased available organic P regardless of lichen species. Our findings provide novel experimental evidence of the importance of biocrusts as modulators of P cycling in drylands and highlight the necessity to take into account the identity of biocrust constituents when evaluating their effects on soil fertility.Highlights
Biocrust‐forming lichens effects on soil phosphorus under simulated climate change were evaluated
A microcosm experiment with warming and rainfall reduction and six lichen species was conducted
Lichens increased available inorganic and total available P, and the activity of acid phosphatase
Biocrust‐forming lichens have species‐specific effects on phosphorus cycling in dryland soils
Graphocephala versuta (Homoptera: Cicadellidae): A first record for Algeria and the Palaearctic region
Authors: Boulaouad B. A. , Merzouki Y. , Boulaouad D. , Saci A. , Daoudi‐Hacini S. , Doumandji S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring an inventory of insect fauna around the lake of Reghaia between September 2013 and April 2014, Graphocephala versuta (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was identified for the first time in Algeria. This is considered to be the first record of this species in the Palaerctic region. G. versuta is a vector of Xylella fastidiosa in the USA.
From woof woof to dog: Interactions between parents' use of sound symbolic words and infants' vocabulary development
Authors: Kızıldere Erim , Esmer Şeref Can , Göksun Tilbe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSound symbols, such as “woof woof” for a dog's barking, imitate the physical properties of their referents. Turkish is a sound symbolically rich language that allows flexible use of such words in different linguistic forms. The current study examined Turkish‐speaking parents' use of sound symbolic words to their 14‐ and 20‐month‐olds and the concurrent and longitudinal relations between parents' sound symbolic input and infants' vocabulary knowledge. Thirty‐four (n = 34) infants were observed at Time‐1 (Mage = 14.23 months, SD = 1.11) and Time‐2 (Mage = 20.30 months, SD = 1.24) during free play sessions with their parents to examine parental input. Infants' vocabulary knowledge was assessed by a parental report. Both the quantity and quality of parental sound symbolic input changed between 14 and 20 months of age. Furthermore, infants' earlier vocabulary knowledge at 14 months negatively predicted parents' later sound symbolic input at 20 months. Last, parents' sound symbolic input was positively and concurrently associated with 14‐month‐olds’ vocabulary knowledge but was negatively and concurrently associated with 20‐month‐olds’ vocabulary levels. These findings suggest an early interaction between infants' exposure to sound symbolic input and their vocabulary development.
Sea‐surface temperature anomalies mediate changes in fish richness and abundance in Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries
Authors: Oke Tobi A. , Zhang Stacy Y. , Keyser Spencer R. , Yeager Lauren A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimAnthropogenic warming of marine systems has caused biological and physiological responses that are fundamentally altering ecosystem structure. Because estuaries exist at the land‐ocean interface, they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ocean warming as they can undergo rapid biogeochemical and hydrological shifts due to climate and land‐use change. We explored how multiple components of estuarine fish diversity—turnover, richness, and abundance—have changed in the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries across space and time and the drivers of change.LocationNorth Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.TaxaFish.MethodWe compiled long‐term (>30 years), continent‐wide fisheries independent trawl surveys conducted in estuaries—from the Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico (U.S. waters)—and combined these with climate and land‐use‐land‐cover data to examine trends and ecological drivers of fish richness, abundance and turnover using mixed‐effect models.ResultsSpecies richness, abundance and turnover have increased in North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries in the last 30 years. These changes were mediated largely by sea‐surface temperature anomalies, especially in more northern estuaries where warming has been relatively pronounced.Main ConclusionThe increasing trajectory of turnover in many estuaries suggests that fish communities have changed fundamentally from the baselines. A fundamental change in community composition can lead to an irreversible trophic imbalance or alternative stable states among other outcomes. Thus, predicting how shifting community structures might influence food webs, ecosystem stability, and human resource use remain a pertinent task.
Paediatric pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia‐derived exosomes regulate immune function in human T cells
Authors: Gholipour Elham , Kahroba Houman , Soltani Nasim , Samadi Parisa , Sarvarian Parisa , Vakili‐Samiani Sajjad , Hosein Pour Feizi Abbas Ali , Soltani‐Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh , Baghersalimi Adel , Darbandi Bahram , Movassaghpour Aliakbar , Talebi Mehdi , Motavalli Roza , Mehdizadeh Amir , Kazemi Abdolhassan , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExosomes derived from solid tumour cells are involved in immune suppression, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, the role of leukaemia‐derived exosomes has less been investigated. Hence, changes in immune response‐related genes and human T cells apoptosis co‐incubated with exosomes isolated from patients' pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were evaluated in this in vitro study. Vein blood sample was obtained from each newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patient prior any therapy. ALL serum exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration and characterized using Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Exosomes were then co‐incubated with T lymphocytes and the gene expressions, as well as functions of human T cells were quantified by qRT‐PCR. Apoptosis and caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 protein expression were also evaluated by flowcytometry and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Exosomes isolated from ALL patients affected T lymphocytes and elevated the apoptosis. Moreover, these exosomes altered the T cells profile into regulatory type by increasing the expression of FOXP3 and Tregs‐related cytokines, including TGF‐B and IL‐10. The expression level of Th17‐related transcription factors (RoRγt) and interleukins (IL‐17 and IL‐23) decreased after this treatment. According to our findings, exosomes derived from ALL patients' sera carry immunosuppressive molecules, indicating the possible effect of exosomes as liquid biomarkers for cancer staging.
Nutrition education: Optimising preparation and recovery for benign oesophageal surgery
Authors: Yeung Sophia , Gill Marlyn , Gillis Chelsia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients requiring upper gastrointestinal surgery for benign oesophageal conditions are at nutrition risk before and after surgery. There is a dearth of published evidence guiding clinicians on effective collaboration with patients to mitigate perioperative nutritional challenges. We conducted a qualitative study aiming to explore patients' perioperative food, nutrition, and educational experiences to guide future care.MethodsAdult patients who had undergone elective, benign oesophageal surgery were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews within 3 weeks of hospital discharge. Interviews were transcribed and analysed with a reflexive form of inductive thematic analysis in addition to synthesised member checking.ResultsInterviews with 12 patients identified three major themes. First, nutrition education fosters a better surgical recovery experience: patients expressed a desire to be prepared for their upcoming surgery and engage in the recovery process with informed food choices. Most patients preferred preoperative education given limited capacity for learning during hospital admission. Second, patients have priorities for nutrition information: patients expressed that educational material should be printed, comprehensive, practical, include familiar foods and focus on managing postoperative physical symptoms. Third, food impacts social and emotional experiences of surgery: resumption of a normal diet was a sign of recovery that enabled social reintegration. Identified themes resonated with Knowles' six‐core principles of andragogy.ConclusionsPatients with benign oesophageal conditions perceived nutrition education to be a vital aspect of surgical preparation and recovery. Re‐designing perioperative education with patient input has the potential to improve outcomes and experiences.
Comparison of survival outcomes between ameloblastic carcinoma and metastasizing ameloblastoma: A systematic review
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Martins‐Chaves Roberta Rayra , Pontes Flávia Sirotheau Correa , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and compare the demographic data, occurrence of recurrence and metastasis, and survival prognosis between ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and metastasizing ameloblastoma (MA), based on appropriate and currently accepted eligible diagnostic criteria, in a systematic review of the literature.MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken, last updated in December 2021. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinicopathological information to confirm the diagnosis of these tumors.ResultsSeventy‐seven publications reporting 85 ACs and 43 MAs were included. Both tumors were more frequent in mandible and showed different clinical profiles regarding patients' sex and age. There was no difference in the estimated cumulative survival between patients diagnosed with these tumors. Metastases mainly affected the lungs, followed by cervical lymph nodes. The mean time between the first metastasis and the last follow‐up was higher for MA (p = 0.021). In addition, MA patients remained alive longer than AC patients after the first metastasis diagnosis (p = 0.041). Considering only the cases that metastasized, a higher ratio of AC patients died in comparison to MA patients (p = 0.003). The occurrence of recurrence was associated with a conservative primary treatment with both AC (p < 0.001) and MA tumors (p = 0.017). Multiple recurrent events were associated with conservative primary therapies with MA (p < 0.001) but not with AC (p = 0.121).ConclusionIn addition to some demographic differences, ACs that metastasize present a worse prognosis than MA. As conservative procedures are associated with multiple recurrent events, this treatment modality should be avoided for both tumors.
Prevalence of raised body mass index in paediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Jackson Erin , Karlson Cynthia W , Herring Whitney , Okhomina Victoria I , Lim Crystal S , Morrow Anne , Daggett Caroline , Arnold Laura , McNaull Melissa 
Published: July 2022

AimChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) have historically weighed less than their healthy peers. More recently, a retrospective chart review from six institutions in New England reported nearly one‐quarter of children and adolescents with SCD had raised body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to examine rates of children with SCD with raised BMI in Mississippi compared to state and national norms and assess the correlation between haemoglobin and BMI.MethodsA retrospective chart review of paediatric patients with SCD at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) was conducted using data from the most recent clinic visit. Mississippi and national weight status estimates for youth 10–17 years were obtained from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children's Health.ResultsFor youth 10–17 years with SCD (n = 345), 21.4.% of children with SS/Sβ° and 36.1% with SC/Sβ+ had raised BMI compared to Mississippi and national rates, 39.2 and 31%, respectively. The prevalence of children with raised BMI with SC/Sβ+ did not differ from state and national rates, while children with SS/Sβ° were half as likely as their Mississippi peers to have raised BMI. Haemoglobin levels were different among children with SCD who had low BMI (8.80 g/dL), average BMI (9.2 g/dL) and raised BMI (10.5 g/dL) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsChildren with SCD evaluated at UMMC have similar rates of raised BMI compared to state and national norms. Children with raised BMI have higher mean haemoglobin levels compared to children with SCD with low or average BMI.Implications and ContributionHistorically, patients with SCD have been underweight and normal weight. Our paediatric and adolescent patients with SCD now have prevalence rates of raised BMI that approach state and national rates. Further work must be done to determine whether this reflects healthier children with SCD or raises concerns about life‐style‐related comorbidities.
Abnormal brain iron accumulation in obstructive sleep apnea: A quantitative MRI study in the HypnoLaus cohort
Authors: Marchi Nicola Andrea , Pizzarotti Beatrice , Solelhac Geoffroy , Berger Mathieu , Haba‐Rubio José , Preisig Martin , Vollenweider Peter , Marques‐Vidal Pedro , Lutti Antoine , Kherif Ferath , Heinzer Raphael , Draganski Bogdan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is disturbed iron homeostasis leading to abnormal iron deposition in brain tissue. To date, there is no empirical evidence to support the hypothesis of altered brain iron homeostasis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea as well. Data were analysed from 773 participants in the HypnoLaus study (mean age 55.9 ± 10.3 years) who underwent polysomnography and brain MRI. Cross‐sectional associations were tested between OSA parameters and the MRI effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) – indicative of iron content – in 68 grey matter regions, after adjustment for confounders. The group with severe OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥30/h) had higher iron levels in the left superior frontal gyrus (F3,760 = 4.79, p = 0.003), left orbital gyri (F3,760 = 5.13, p = 0.002), right and left middle temporal gyrus (F3,760 = 4.41, p = 0.004 and F3,760 = 13.08, p < 0.001, respectively), left angular gyrus (F3,760 = 6.29, p = 0.001), left supramarginal gyrus (F3,760 = 4.98, p = 0.003), and right cuneus (F3,760 = 7.09, p < 0.001). The parameters of nocturnal hypoxaemia were all consistently associated with higher iron levels. Measures of sleep fragmentation had less consistent associations with iron content. This study provides the first evidence of increased brain iron levels in obstructive sleep apnea. The observed iron changes could reflect underlying neuropathological processes that appear to be driven primarily by hypoxaemic mechanisms.
The cell cycle of phytoplankton: A review
Authors: Zhao Peng‐Zhen , Ouyang Long‐Ling , Shen Ang‐Lu , Wang Yun‐Long 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton play an enormously important role in ecology and serve as critical food for aquatic organisms. The phytoplankton population rapidly increases in number after continuous cell cycles. Thus, understanding the cell cycle of phytoplankton is fundamental to the aquatic ecosystem research. The eukaryotic cell cycle has been clarified; however, unique characteristics exist in phytoplankton. Their cell cycle progression either differs among species or varies with environmental changes. Here, we review the cell cycle progression of the eukaryotic phytoplankton and its response to environmental factors, introduce the cell cycle research methods, highlight the identified cell cycle regulatory proteins, and discuss prospects for future research directions.
Upwelling‐level acidification and pH/pCO2 variability moderate effects of ocean acidification on brain gene expression in the temperate surfperch, Embiotoca jacksoni
Authors: Toy Jason A. , Kroeker Kristy J. , Logan Cheryl A. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Longo Gary C. , Bernardi Giacomo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcidification‐induced changes in neurological function have been documented in several tropical marine fishes. Here, we investigate whether similar patterns of neurological impacts are observed in a temperate Pacific fish that naturally experiences regular and often large shifts in environmental pH/pCO2. In two laboratory experiments, we tested the effect of acidification, as well as pH/pCO2 variability, on gene expression in the brain tissue of a common temperate kelp forest/estuarine fish, Embiotoca jacksoni. Experiment 1 employed static pH treatments (target pH = 7.85/7.30), while Experiment 2 incorporated two variable treatments that oscillated around corresponding static treatments with the same mean (target pH = 7.85/7.70) in an eight‐day cycle (amplitude ± 0.15). We found that patterns of global gene expression differed across pH level treatments. Additionally, we identified differential expression of specific genes and enrichment of specific gene sets (GSEA) in comparisons of static pH treatments and in comparisons of static and variable pH treatments of the same mean pH. Importantly, we found that pH/pCO2 variability decreased the number of differentially expressed genes detected between high and low pH treatments, and that interindividual variability in gene expression was greater in variable treatments than static treatments. These results provide important confirmation of neurological impacts of acidification in a temperate fish species and, critically, that natural environmental variability may mediate the impacts of ocean acidification.
The transcription factors VaERF16 and VaMYB306 interact to enhance resistance of grapevine to Botrytis cinerea infection
Authors: Zhu Yanxun , Zhang Xiuming , Zhang Qihan , Chai Shengyue , Yin Wuchen , Gao Min , Li Zhi , Wang Xiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBotrytis cinerea is a fungus that infects cultivated grape (Vitis vinifera); the identification and characterization of resistance mechanisms in the host is of great importance for the grape industry. Here, we report that a transcription factor in the ethylene‐responsive factor (ERF) family (VaERF16) from Chinese wild grape (Vitis amurensis ‘Shuang You’) is expressed during B. cinerea infection and in response to treatments with the hormones ethylene and methyl jasmonate. Heterologous overexpression of VaERF16 in Arabidopsis thaliana substantially enhanced resistance to B. cinerea and the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 via the salicylic acid and jasmonate/ethylene signalling pathways. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays indicated that VaERF16 interacts with the MYB family transcription factor VaMYB306. Overexpression of VaERF16 or VaMYB306 in grape leaves increased resistance to B. cinerea and caused an up‐regulation of the defence‐related gene PDF1.2, which encodes a defensin‐like protein. Conversely, silencing of either gene resulted in increased susceptibility to B. cinerea. Yeast one‐hybrid and dual‐luciferase assays indicated that VaERF16 increased the transcript levels of VaPDF1.2 by binding directly to the GCC box in its promoter. Notably, VaMYB306 alone did not bind to the VaPDF1.2 promoter, but the VaERF16–VaMYB306 transcriptional complex resulted in higher transcript levels of VaPDF1.2, suggesting that the proteins function through their mutual interaction. Elucidation of this regulatory module may be of value in enhancing resistance of grapevine to B. cinerea infection.
Evaluation of moral sensitivity and moral courage in intensive care nurses in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Goktas Sonay , Aktug Cemile , Gezginci Elif 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, intensive care nurses may experience ethical issues related to fear of transmission, limited resources, and increased workload. Nurses' moral sensitivity and courage may have a role in dealing with these problems.AimThe purpose of this study was to assess intensive care nurses' moral sensitivity and moral courage during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA total of 362 nurses working in the intensive care units of pandemic hospitals in Turkey participated in the study between January and March 2021. Data were obtained using a personal information form, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and the Nurses' Moral Courage Scale. A link to the online data collection tools was sent to the management of participating institutions, who forwarded it to nurses. Reporting followed the CHERRIES guidelines.ResultsIn this study, the response rate of nurses was 89%. The nurses' total mean moral sensitivity score was 90.70 ± 28.89 and their mean moral courage score was 82.08 ± 13.51. A weak inverse correlation was found between the nurses' moral sensitivity and moral courage scores (r = −.176, p = .001). Total moral sensitivity score differed significantly according to years of Intensive care unit (ICU) experience (p = .007). Total moral courage scores increased significantly with education level (p = .012), years of nursing experience (p = .016), and willingness to work in the ICU (p < .001).ConclusionThe study suggests that nurses working in the intensive care unit during the pandemic had moderate moral sensitivity and high levels of moral courage. Nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and ICU work conditions may affect their moral sensitivity and moral courage.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results of this study can help guide efforts to improve moral courage and sensitivity and address ethical issues among ICU nurses.