bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy investigations for volumetric head‐motion navigators with and without EPI at 7 T
Authors: Andersen Mads , Laustsen Malte , Boer Vincent 
Published: May 2022

PurposeAccuracy investigation of volumetric navigators for motion correction, with emphasis on geometric EPI distortions at ultrahigh field.MethodsHigh‐resolution Dixon images were collected in different head positions and reconstructed to water, fat, T2*, and B0 maps. Resolution reduction was performed, and the T2* and B0 maps were used to apply effects of TE and EPI distortions to simulate various volumetric water and fat navigators. Registrations of the simulated navigators were compared with registrations of the original high‐resolution images.ResultsIncreased accuracy was observed with increased spatial resolution for non‐EPI navigators. When using EPI, the distortions had a negative effect on registration accuracy, which was most noticeable for high‐resolution navigators. Parallel imaging helped to alleviate those caveats to a certain extent, and 5‐fold acceleration gave close to similar accuracy to non‐EPI in most cases. Shortening the TE by partial Fourier sampling was shown to be mostly beneficial, except for water navigators with long readout durations. The EPI blip direction had an influence on navigator accuracy, and positive blip gradient polarities (yielding mostly image stretching frontally) typically gave the best accuracy for water navigators, whereas no clear recommendation could be made for fat navigators. Generally, fat EPI navigators had lower accuracy than water EPI navigators with otherwise similar parameters.ConclusionsEcho planar imaging has been widely used for MRI navigators, but the induced distortions reduce navigator accuracy at ultrahigh field. This study can help protocol optimization and guide the complex tradeoff between resolution and EPI acceleration in navigator parameter setup.
Investigating the role of filler shape on the dynamic mechanical properties of glass‐filled epoxy composites
Authors: Karunakaran Kathiresan , Singh Sarthak S. , Kitey Rajesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe influence of filler shape and volume fraction on the dynamic mechanical characteristics of rigid glass filler epoxy composites is investigated. Two variants of glass fillers, spherical particle and slender (milled) fibers, are doped into the epoxy matrix till 10% volume fraction. The composites are room temperature cured and tested to measure their viscoelastic properties. The dynamic mechanical analyses performed in the temperature range of 20–180°C at 10 Hz suggest that the milled fiber composites display consistently higher storage and loss moduli, whereas the higher loss factor peaks were noted for the spherical particle composites. The C‐factor, filler reinforcement efficiency of the composites and entanglement density, evaluated from the storage modulus values, indicate that the milled fibers composites are more effective in transferring the loads in both glassy and rubbery zones when compared against the spherical particle case. Also, the filler/matrix adhesion factor (A factor) and the interphase adhesion factor, calculated from the loss factor curves reveal stronger filler/matrix interactions in the case of milled fiber epoxy composites. Interestingly, the filler geometry or volume fraction has only marginal influence on the glass transition temperature of the composites.
Non‐invasive prenatal screening for fetal triploidy using single nucleotide polymorphism‐based testing: Differential diagnosis and clinical management in cases showing an extra haplotype
Authors: Kantor Valerie , Jelsema Russ , Xu Wenbo , DiNonno Wendy , Young Kathryn , Demko Zachary , Benn Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveAn extra haplotype is infrequently encountered in single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)‐based non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and is usually attributed to an undetected twin or triploidy. We reviewed a large series to establish relative frequencies of these outcomes and identify alternative causes.MethodsIn 515,804 women receiving NIPT from September 2017 through March 2019, all results with an extra haplotype were reviewed. Known viable and vanished twin pregnancies were excluded. For positive cases, pregnancy outcome information was sought.ResultsOf 1005 results with an extra haplotype (1 in 513), pregnancy outcome was available for 773 cases: 11% were confirmed or suspected triploidy; 65% to vanished twin; 10% with pregnancy loss. Rare explanations included complete mole, chimera, undisclosed donor egg pregnancy, maternal organ transplant and one instance of maternal neoplasm. Among triploid cases that were detected and independently confirmed, 23/27 (85%) were diandric.ConclusionSNP‐based NIPT, with detection of an extra haplotype, is 11% predictive of triploidy. For results with an extra haplotype, ultrasound is recommended to establish viability, evaluate for twins (viable or vanished), and detect findings consistent with triploidy. Review of patient history, serum screening, and ultrasound will reduce the number of CVS or amniocenteses necessary to confirm a diagnosis of triploidy.
Indications and outcome of home high‐flow nasal therapy in children, a single‐center experience
Authors: Steindor Mathis , Wagner Carolin Ellen , Kavvalou Alexandra , Bock Claudia , Olivier Margarete , Stehling Florian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a safe and simple way to deliver humidified air and oxygen for respiratory support in infants and children. HFNT is well established in an inpatient setting, but home HFNT lacks evidence. In the current study, we studied characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with home HFNT. In a monocentric retrospective analysis of data for 10 years (April 2010–April 2020), patient characteristics from the time point of the first discharge from hospital with home HFNT‐treatment and the subsequent course were analyzed. Patients were divided into three HFNT indication groups: (1) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), (2) upper airway obstruction (UAO), and (3) other indications. Forty patients received home HFNT in the study period. Seventeen patients were treated for BPD, 15 for UAO, and 8 had other indications. Twenty‐two patients (55%) were successfully weaned from HFNT (12 [70.6%] BPD, 7 [46.7%] UAO, 3 [37.5%] other), while seven patients (17.5%) died during follow‐up (4 BPD, 2 UAO, 1 other). Twenty‐three patients (57.5%) required (intermittent) additional oxygen application (14 [82.4%] BPD, 6 [40%] UAO, 4 [50%] other). Weaning success and need for additional oxygen were significantly more probable in BPD patients compared to the UOA group. In conclusion, HFNT plays an increasing role in home treatment of respiratory insufficiency of various etiologies in childhood. It often represents a temporary intervention, especially for children with BPD but might also serve as long‐term treatment for children in whom other forms of ventilatory support are not feasible or desired.
Ultrasound‐guided placement of long peripheral cannula in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Giardina Massimiliano , Barillà David , Crimi Claudia , Arone Amelia , Benedetto Filippo , Lucanto Cristina , Natoli Rossella , Messina Roberto , David Antonio , Noto Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is a chronic deterioration of lung function with intermittent episodes of pulmonary infectious exacerbations (PExs). Reliable venous access is a milestone of effective management of such exacerbations, managed both in hospital and outpatient chronic therapy. The aim of our study was to analyze the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided positioning of long peripheral catheters (LPC) as reliable midterm venous access in children affected by CF.MethodsIn this single‐center prospective study, over a 60‐month period, we included paediatric CF subjects admitted with PExs and undergoing intravenous antibiotic treatment. LPCs were inserted in all participants by paediatric anaesthesiologists with ultrasound guide technique. Prospective data were collected assessing catheter positioning procedure and complications.ResultsA total of 122 LPC insertions were performed in 55 CF children. Participants had a median age of 6.75 years (interquatile range: 3.7−13.5) at the time of catheter insertion. Implantation was successful on the first attempt in 86% of cases; 2 (1%) major insertion‐related complications were reported. Eighty‐eight percent of catheters were electively removed at the end of antibiotic therapy without any complication. Seven percent of the catheters were removed electively for occlusion and 2% for local dislodgment.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that ultrasound‐guided positioning of LPCs are safe alternative means of peripheral venous access in children with chronic diseases such as CF.
Effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit deletion mutants on insecticide susceptibility and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Chao , Pei Xin‐Guo , Yu Zhi‐Tao , Gao Yang , Wang Li‐Xiang , Zhang Ning , Song Xin‐Yu , Wu Shun‐Fan , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in insects and also the target site for many insecticides. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these insecticides is diminishing as a consequence of the evolution of insecticide resistance. Further exploration of insecticide targets is important to sustainable pest management.RESULTSIn order to validate the role of nAChR subunits in insecticide susceptibility and test whether the subunit's absence imposes the fitness cost on insects, we determined the susceptibility of eight nAChR subunit deletion mutants of Drosophila melanogaster to nine insecticides. These findings highlighted the specific resistance of the Dα6 deletion mutant to spinosyns. Although triflumezopyrim, dinotefuran and imidacloprid are competitive modulators of nAChRs, differences in susceptibility of the insect with different deletion mutants suggested that the target sites of these three insecticides do not overlap completely. Mutants showed decreased susceptibility to insecticides, accompanied by a reduction in fitness. The number of eggs produced by Dα1attP, Dα2attP, Dβ2attP and Dβ3attP females was significantly lesser than that of the vas‐Cas9 strain as the control. In addition, adults of Dα2attP, Dα3attP and Dα7attP strains showed lower climbing performance. Meanwhile, males of Dα3attP, Dα5attP, Dβ2attP and Dβ3attP, and females of Dβ2attP showed significantly shorter longevity than those of the vas‐Cas9 strain.CONCLUSIONThis study provides new insights into the interactions of different insecticides with different nAChRs subunit in D. melanogaster as a research model, it could help better understand such interaction in agricultural pests whose genetic manipulations for toxicological research are often challenging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robust physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of rifampicin for predicting drug–drug interactions via P‐glycoprotein induction and inhibition in the intestine, liver, and kidney
Authors: Asaumi Ryuta , Nunoya Ken‐ichi , Yamaura Yoshiyuki , Taskar Kunal S. , Sugiyama Yuichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux transporter that plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of its substrate, and P‐gp activities can be altered by induction and inhibition effects of rifampicin. This study aimed to establish a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rifampicin to predict the P‐gp‐mediated drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and assess the DDI impact in the intestine, liver, and kidney. The induction and inhibition parameters of rifampicin for P‐gp were estimated using two of seven DDI cases of rifampicin and digoxin and incorporated into our previously constructed PBPK model of rifampicin. The constructed rifampicin model was verified using the remaining five DDI cases with digoxin and five DDI cases with other P‐gp substrates (talinolol and quinidine). Based on the established PBPK model, following repeated dosing of 600 mg rifampicin, the deduced net effect was an approximately threefold induction in P‐gp activities in the intestine, liver, and kidney. Furthermore, in all 12 cases the predicted area under the plasma concentration–time curve ratios of the P‐gp substrates were within the predefined acceptance criteria with various dosing regimens. Intestinal effects of P‐gp–mediated DDIs had their greatest impact on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin and talinolol, with a minimal impact on the liver and kidney. For quinidine, predicted intestinal P‐gp/cytochrome P450 3A–mediated DDIs were slightly underestimated because of the complexity of nonlinearity and transporter‐enzyme interplay. These findings demonstrate that our rifampicin model can be applicable to quantitatively predict the net impact of P‐gp induction and/or inhibition on diverse P‐gp substrates and investigate the magnitude of DDIs in each tissue.
The effect of curcumin supplementation on delayed‐onset muscle soreness, inflammation, muscle strength, and joint flexibility: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Beba Mohammad , Mohammadi Hamed , Clark Cain C. T. , Djafarian Kurosh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo quantify the effects of curcumin supplementation on exercise‐induced muscle damage, muscle soreness, inflammatory biomarkers, muscle strength, and joint flexibility via assessment of creatine kinase (CK), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and range of motion (ROM), respectively. Online databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were searched up to February 2021. RevMan® software (version 5.3) was used for assessing the risk of bias to assess the quality of studies. The mean differences (MD) and confidence intervals (95% CI) of CK activity (IU/L), VAS score, tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) (pg/ml), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (pg/ml), IL‐8 (pg/ml), MVC (nm) and ROM (degree) were pooled using a random‐ or fixed‐effect model. Between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using χ‐square or I2 statistic. Ten trials met the eligibility criteria and were included in the pooled analysis. Meta‐analysis showed that curcumin supplementation significantly reduced serum CK activity [WMD = −65.98 IU/L, 95% CI (−99.53 to −32.44)], muscle soreness [WMD = −0.56, 95% CI (−0.84 to −0.27)], and TNF‐α concentration [WMD = −0.22 pg/ml, 95% CI (−0.33 to −0.10)]. Also, curcumin supplementation elicited significant improvements in MVC [WMD = 3.10 nm, 95% CI (1.45–4.75)] and ROM [WMD = 6.49°, 95% CI (3.91–9.07)], although no significant changes in IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels were found. Dose–response analysis indicated that there is a significant non‐linear association between the daily dose and the final effect size regarding TNF‐α. Curcumin supplementation may improve some aspects of DOMS, including muscle damage, muscle soreness, inflammation, muscle strength, and joint flexibility. Further, well‐designed and high‐quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to ascertain the long‐term effects and safety of curcumin supplementation.
Distributions and convergence of forecast variables in a 1,000‐member convection‐permitting ensemble
Authors: Craig George C. , Puh Matjaž , Keil Christian , Tempest Kirsten , Necker Tobias , Ruiz Juan , Weissmann Martin , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe errors in numerical weather forecasts resulting from limited ensemble size are explored using 1,000‐member forecasts of convective weather over Germany at 3‐km resolution. A large number of forecast variables at different lead times were examined, and their distributions could be classified into three categories: quasi‐normal (e.g., tropospheric temperature), highly skewed (e.g. precipitation), and mixtures (e.g., humidity). Dependence on ensemble size was examined in comparison to the asymptotic convergence law that the sampling error decreases proportional to N−1/2 for large enough ensemble size N, independent of the underlying distribution shape. The asymptotic convergence behavior was observed for the ensemble mean of all forecast variables, even for ensemble sizes less than 10. For the ensemble standard deviation, sizes of up to 100 were required for the convergence law to apply. In contrast, there was no clear sign of convergence for the 95th percentile even with 1,000 members. Methods such as neighborhood statistics or prediction of area‐averaged quantities were found to improve accuracy, but only for variables with random small‐scale variability, such as convective precipitation.
Medical abortion via telemedicine for women and adolescents: Experience from Moldova
Authors: Comendant Rodica , Cook Clayborne , Hodorogea Stelian , Sagaidac Irina , Bubulici Cristina , Platais Ingrida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo pilot and evaluate the safety and participant satisfaction of the first‐ever telemedicine medical abortion service provided in Moldova, a lower‐income country located in Eastern Europe.MethodsBefore enrolment, each participant confirmed their pregnancy with a urine pregnancy test, ultrasound and/or blood test and calculated the gestational age based on the last menstrual period. After study consent was obtained, the study clinician confirmed eligibility for medical abortion and the study and provided counselling via videoconference or telephone. Eligible participants received medications by mail or prescription. A follow‐up call to assess abortion outcome, adverse events and other medical history was conducted 1 week after participants took mifepristone. A pregnancy test was taken 4 weeks after taking mifepristone for a final evaluation of the abortion outcome. The analysis was descriptive.ResultsBetween March 2020 and March 2021, 549 eligibility screenings were conducted, and 531 study packages containing medications or prescriptions were sent to pregnant women and adolescents with gestations ≤9 weeks since the last menstrual period. The majority of procedures (n = 477, 89.8%) were completed without an in‐person visit. Final abortion outcome was available for 499/531 (94.0%) medical abortion procedures: 484/499 (97.0%) were complete abortions, 11 (2.2%) were surgical completions (seven incomplete abortions and four continuing pregnancies), and four participants (0.8%) decided to keep their pregnancy. One serious adverse event occurred. Acceptability of the service was high (99.0% very satisfied or satisfied) and 86.5% of participants reported a future preference for telemedicine. The most commonly reported reasons for choosing the telemedicine service were convenience (n = 286, 56.2%) and confidentiality (n = 202, 39.7%).ConclusionThe medical abortion via telemedicine service has proven to be a safe and acceptable option for women and adolescents in Moldova. This model has the potential to increase access to abortion, including during emergencies like the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Nutrient and sediment dynamics change following a major flood event on a large, grassland river
Authors: Chen Matthew , Guenther Mirae , Corman Jessica R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRiver ecosystems can impact the quantity of materials and nutrients flowing into receiving waters. However, these processes may change with climate change, particularly with respect to the impacts of extreme flooding events. In this study, we examined the long‐term impacts of an extreme flooding event, the 2019 U.S. Midwest floods, on nutrient loads and concentrations in an unconfined, fourth‐order grassland stream, the Niobrara River, Nebraska. To compare historical trends to modern conditions, archived data and contemporarily sampled data were used in conjunction. Prior to the flood (1990–2018), NO3‐N concentrations showed a strong seasonal pattern with no relationship with discharge, indicating a groundwater NO3‐N source. Total phosphorus (TP), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and total suspended solids (TSS) showed slight and individual seasonal patterns relating to discharge, following expected patterns of sediment sourced P. Post‐flood, NO3‐N concentrations declined by 91.5% (F[2, 269] = 34.96, p < .0001). NO3‐N depression in the system remained even once discharge returned to pre‐flood levels. TP, DIP, and TSS (F (2, 236) = 38.14, ANOVA p < .0001; F(2, 176) = 44.06, ANOVA p < .0001; F(2, 205) = 25.98, ANOVA p < .0001) each saw elevation of 100%, 117%, and 66% respectively in 2019 with an expected drop in 2020 when discharge returned to pre‐flood. It is unclear why NO3‐N concentrations, unlike phosphorus, did not return to pre‐flood levels in the 2 years of this study. The observation suggests extreme flooding events may cause complex, unexpected shifts in biogeochemical cycling in river ecosystems.
Security in IoMT‐driven smart healthcare: A comprehensive review and open challenges
Authors: Garg Neha , Wazid Mohammad , Singh Jaskaran , Singh D. P. , Das Ashok Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a kind of communication environment, which deals with communication that occurs through the Internet of Things (IoT)‐enabled smart medical (healthcare) devices. The potential security threats of IoMT affect the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and availability of its data and the associated resources. In this review article, we explain various architectures of IoMT communication along with their applications. We highlight the security requirements of IoMT communication environment along with some potential security attacks and threats of IoMT. Furthermore, the network model and adversary model of IoMT communication are provided. A taxonomy of security protocols of IoMT communication environment is additionally added, which contains various security protocols, such as key management, user/device authentication, access control and intrusion detection protocols. Moreover, we provide a detailed comprehensive comparative analysis of several security protocols with respect to various parameters, like computation cost, communication cost, security features and functionality features, accuracy and F1‐score. Additionally, we also provide some future research directions.
Implementation of real‐time hybrid simulation based on GPU computing
Authors: Zhenyun Tang , Xiaohui Dong , Zhenbao Li , Xiuli Du 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith combination of physical experiment and numerical simulation, real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) can enlarge the dimensions of testing specimens and improve the testing accuracy. However, due to the limitation of computing capacity, the maximum degrees of freedom for numerical substructure are less than 7000 from the reported RTHS testing. It cannot meet the testing requirements for evaluating the dynamic performance of large and complex engineering structures. Taking advantages of parallel computing toolbox (PCT) in Matlab and high‐performance computing of graphics processing unit (GPU). A RTHS framework based on MATLAB and GPU was established in this work. Using this framework, a soil‐structure interaction system (SSI) was tested by a shaking table based RTHS. Meanwhile, the dynamic response of this SSI system was simulated by finite element analysis. The comparison of simulation and testing results demonstrated that the proposed testing framework can implement RTHS testing successfully. Using this method, the maximum degrees of freedom for numerical substructure can reach to 27,000, which significantly enhance the testing capacity of RTHS testing for large and complex engineering structures.