bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an educational program and decision tool on choice of maternity hospital: the delivery decisions randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mehrotra Ateev , Wolfberg Adam , Shah Neel T. , Plough Avery , Weiseth Amber , Blaine Arianna I. , Noddin Katie , Nakamoto Carter H. , Richard Jessica V. , Bradley Dani 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Reducing cesarean rates is a public health priority. To help pregnant people select hospitals with lower cesarean rates, numerous organizations publish publically hospital cesarean rate data. Few pregnant people use these data when deciding where to deliver. We sought to determine whether making cesarean rate data more accessible and understandable increases the likelihood of pregnant people selecting low-cesarean rate hospitals.

Methods
We conducted a 1:1 randomized controlled trial in 2019–2021 among users of a fertility and pregnancy mobile application. Eligible participants were trying to conceive for fewer than five months or were 28–104 days into their pregnancies. Of 189,456 participants approached and enrolled, 120,621 participants met entry criteria and were included in analyses. The intervention group was offered an educational program explaining the importance of hospital cesarean rates and an interactive tool presenting hospital cesarean rates as 1-to-5-star ratings. Control group users were offered an educational program about hospital choice and a hospital choice tool without cesarean rate data. The primary outcome was the star rating of the hospital selected by each patient during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes were the importance of cesarean rates in choosing a hospital and delivery method (post-hoc secondary outcome).

Results
Of 120,621 participants (mean [SD] age, 27.8 [7.9]), 12,284 (10.2%) reported their choice of hospital during pregnancy, with similar reporting rates in the intervention and control groups. Intervention group participants selected hospitals with higher star ratings (2.52 vs 2.16; difference, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.43] p < 0.001) and were more likely to believe that the hospitals they chose would impact their chances of having cesarean deliveries (38.5% vs 33.1%, p < 0.001) but did not assign higher priority to cesarean delivery rates when choosing their hospitals (76.2% vs 74.3%, p = 0.05). There was no difference in self-reported cesarean rates between the intervention and control groups (31.4% vs 31.4%, p = 0.98).

Conclusion
People offered an educational program and interactive tool to compare hospital cesarean rates were more likely to use cesarean data in selecting a hospital and selected hospitals with lower cesarean rates but were not less likely to have a cesarean.

Clinical Trial Registration
Registered December 9, 2016 at clinicaltrials.gov, First enrollment November 2019. ID NCT02987803, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02987803
Parental perspectives on the grief and support needs of children and young people bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative findings from a national survey
Authors: Harrop Emily , Goss Silvia , Longo Mirella , Seddon Kathy , Torrens-Burton Anna , Sutton Eileen , Farnell Damian JJ , Penny Alison , Nelson Annmarie , Byrne Anthony , Selman Lucy E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many children and young people have experienced the death of close family members, whilst also facing unprecedented disruption to their lives. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and support needs of bereaved children and young people from the perspective of their parents and guardians.

Methods
We analysed cross-sectional qualitative free-text data from a survey of adults bereaved in the UK during the pandemic. Participants were recruited via media, social media, national associations and community/charitable organisations. Thematic analysis was conducted on free text data collected from parent/guardian participants in response to a survey question on the bereavement experiences and support needs of their children.

Results
Free-text data from 104 parent/guardian participants was included. Three main themes were identified: the pandemic-related challenges and struggles experienced by children and young people; family support and coping; and support from schools and services. Pandemic-challenges include the impacts of being separated from the relative prior to their death, isolation from peers and other family members, and disruption to daily routines and wider support networks. Examples were given of effective family coping and communication, but also of difficulties relating to parental grief and children’s existing mental health problems. Schools and bereavement organisations’ provision of specialist support was valued, but there was evidence of unmet need, with some participants reporting a lack of access to specialist grief or mental health support.

Conclusion
Children and young people have faced additional strains and challenges associated with pandemic bereavement. We recommend resources and initiatives that facilitate supportive communication within family and school settings, adequate resourcing of school and community-based specialist bereavement/mental health services, and increased information and signposting to the support that is available.
Reversal flow in the left anterior descending artery after internal thoracic artery grafting
Authors: Nakajima Hiroyuki , Takazawa Akitoshi , Nakamura Yoshitsugu , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Yoshitake Akihiro , Iguchi Atsushi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The flow capacity of the in situ internal thoracic artery (ITA) is not necessarily sufficient and can be a cause of hypoperfusion syndrome. We present a catastrophic case of in situ ITA grafting for an isolated left main trunk obstruction 13 years after the modified Bentall operation.

Case presentation
A 33-years-old woman had undergone the modified Bentall operation. Coronary angiography showed a critical stenosis in the left coronary artery. The patient underwent emergency off-pump coronary artery bypass graft with the left ITA to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). On the 7th day, the patient had severe dyspnoea and hypotension. Catheter angiography showed that the ITA was patent; however, blood flow from the in situ ITA was delayed, and reversal flow from the apex to the proximal LAD was found. The patient underwent implantation of a left ventricular assist device.

Conclusions
Concomitant aortocoronary bypass to the circumflex branch will minimise the risk of hypoperfusion, especially for young patients without atherosclerotic disease.
Alterations of the expression levels of glucose, inflammation, and iron metabolism related miRNAs and their target genes in the hypothalamus of STZ-induced rat diabetes model
Authors: Pandur Edina , Szabó István , Hormay Edina , Pap Ramóna , Almási Attila , Sipos Katalin , Farkas Viktória , Karádi Zoltán 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The hypothalamus of the central nervous system is implicated in the development of diabetes due to its glucose-sensing function. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurons leads to abnormal glucose metabolism. It has been described that fractalkine (FKN) is involved in the development of hypothalamic inflammation, which may be one of the underlying causes of a diabetic condition. Moreover, iron may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes via the regulation of hepcidin, the iron regulatory hormone synthesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding molecules working as key regulators of gene expression, usually by inhibiting translation. Hypothalamic miRNAs are supposed to have a role in the control of energy balance by acting as regulators of hypothalamic glucose metabolism via influencing translation.

Methods
Using a miRNA array, we analysed the expression of diabetes, inflammation, and iron metabolism related miRNAs in the hypothalamus of a streptozotocin-induced rat type 1 diabetes model. Determination of the effect of miRNAs altered by STZ treatment on the target genes was carried out at protein level.

Results
We found 18 miRNAs with altered expression levels in the hypothalamus of the STZ-treated animals, which act as the regulators of mRNAs involved in glucose metabolism, pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, and iron homeostasis suggesting a link between these processes in diabetes. The alterations in the expression level of these miRNAs could modify hypothalamic glucose sensing, tolerance, uptake, and phosphorylation by affecting the stability of hexokinase-2, insulin receptor, leptin receptor, glucokinase, GLUT4, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA molecules. Additional miRNAs were found to be altered resulting in the elevation of FKN protein. The miRNA, mRNA, and protein analyses of the diabetic hypothalamus revealed that the iron import, export, and iron storage were all influenced by miRNAs suggesting the disturbance of hypothalamic iron homeostasis.

Conclusion
It can be supposed that glucose metabolism, inflammation, and iron homeostasis of the hypothalamus are linked via the altered expression of common miRNAs as well as the increased expression of FKN, which contribute to the imbalance of energy homeostasis, the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the iron accumulation of the hypothalamus. The results raise the possibility that FKN could be a potential target of new therapies targeting both inflammation and iron disturbances in diabetic conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Serum phosphorylated tau protein 181 and neurofilament light chain in cognitively impaired heart failure patients
Authors: Traub Jan , Otto Markus , Sell Roxane , Göpfert Dennis , Homola György , Steinacker Petra , Oeckl Patrick , Morbach Caroline , Frantz Stefan , Pham Mirko , Störk Stefan , Stoll Guido , Frey Anna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic heart failure (HF) is known to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s dementia significantly. Thus, detecting and preventing mild cognitive impairment, which is common in patients with HF, is of great importance. Serum biomarkers are increasingly used in neurological disorders for diagnostics, monitoring, and prognostication of disease course. It remains unclear if neuronal biomarkers may help detect cognitive impairment in this high-risk population. Also, the influence of chronic HF and concomitant renal dysfunction on these biomarkers is not well understood.

Methods
Within the monocentric Cognition.Matters-HF study, we quantified the serum levels of phosphorylated tau protein 181 (pTau) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) of 146 extensively phenotyped chronic heart failure patients (aged 32 to 85 years; 15.1% women) using ultrasensitive bead-based single-molecule immunoassays. The clinical work-up included advanced cognitive testing and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results
Serum concentrations of NfL ranged from 5.4 to 215.0 pg/ml (median 26.4 pg/ml) and of pTau from 0.51 to 9.22 pg/ml (median 1.57 pg/ml). We detected mild cognitive impairment (i.e., T-score < 40 in at least one cognitive domain) in 60% of heart failure patients. pTau (p = 0.014), but not NfL, was elevated in this group. Both NfL (ρ = − 0.21; p = 0.013) and pTau (ρ = − 0.25; p = 0.002) related to the cognitive domain visual/verbal memory, as well as white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral and hippocampal atrophy. In multivariable analysis, both biomarkers were independently influenced by age (T = 4.6 for pTau; T = 5.9 for NfL) and glomerular filtration rate (T = − 2.4 for pTau; T = − 3.4 for NfL). Markers of chronic heart failure, left atrial volume index (T = 4.6) and NT-proBNP (T = 2.8), were further cardiological determinants of pTau and NfL, respectively. In addition, pTau was also strongly affected by serum creatine kinase levels (T = 6.5) and ferritin (T = − 3.1).

Conclusions
pTau and NfL serum levels are strongly influenced by age-dependent renal and cardiac dysfunction. These findings point towards the need for longitudinal examinations and consideration of frequent comorbidities when using neuronal serum biomarkers.
Biomarkers of interstitial lung disease associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Weng Lin , Chen Yaqiong , Liang Tao , Lin Yihua , Liu Dehao , Yu Ciyong , Hu Yudi , Lui Wei , Liu Yongliang , Chen Xiangfang , Li Qiyuan , Ge Shengxiang , Ascherman Dana P. , Chen Juan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate serum biomarkers linked to primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods
69 pSS patients were consecutively enrolled and evaluated via quantitative ILD scoring based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Biomarkers of interest were assessed by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).

Results
Among consecutively enrolled patients with pSS, the presence of pSS–ILD was 50% based on the presence of radiographically defined interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) meeting specified criteria for mild/moderate (ILA 2) or severe (ILA 3) disease. Age, immunoglobulin M (IgM), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum levels of eotaxin/CCL11, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), TNFα, and TGFα were significantly higher in the combined pSS–ILD group (ILA 2 + ILA 3) than in the pSS–no-ILD and pSS–indeterminate ILD groups (ILA 0 and ILA 1, respectively) in unadjusted analyses (p < 0.05 for all variables). A binary logistic regression model revealed that disease duration and KL-6 levels were associated with the presence of pSS–ILD (p < 0.05). Complementary least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) modeling showed that age, KL-6, and TNF-α effectively differentiated pSS–ILD (ILA 2 + ILA3) from pSS without ILD (ILA 0 + ILA 1), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.883 (p value < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Patient age, disease duration, and serum levels of both KL-6 and TNFα were the most discriminating factors associated with the presence of ILD in our pSS patients. Higher levels of CRP, IgM, eotaxin, TGFα, and TNFα should also prompt the search for occult as well as clinically evident lung involvement based on statistically significant univariate associations with pSS–ILD.

Clinical trial registration
None.
Determination of the Earth’s structure based on intermediate-period surface wave recordings of tidal gravimeters: a case study
Authors: Karkowska Kamila , Wilde-Piórko Monika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTidal gravimeters can detect intermediate-period surface waves with high accuracy. Three gravimetric stations with estimated transfer functions and co-located with seismic stations were selected: two in Belgium (Membach and Rochefort, in Western Europe) and one in Germany (Black Forest, in Central Europe). The compatibility of gravimetric and seismic recordings of earthquakes in the period range of 10-180 s has been presented. The series of monochromatic signals separated from surface waves for selected events have been calculated using the multiple-filtering procedure, and averaged fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave group-velocity curves have been estimated on a regional scale. Next, averaged dispersion curves for three regions (Italy, Greece, and Western Turkey) were inverted by weighted linear inversion methods. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of resolution tests of inverted models was presented to show the capabilities of the gravimetric data to retrieve a shear-wave velocity distribution with a depth. In particular, a method for determining the depth range of the inverted model has been proposed. Results obtained based on gravimetric data were verified by results from seismic data obtained by applying the same procedure. This study shows the novel application of tidal gravimetric data in the determination of the regional Earth’s structure based on intermediate-period surface waves recordings, as well as a comprehensive approach to the quantitative estimation of a final model resolution.
Graphical Abstract
Alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic: a US national survey
Authors: Wittenberg Eve , Labutte Collin , Thornburg Benjamin , Gebreselassie Abraham , Barbosa Carolina , Bray Jeremy W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Alcohol consumption has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic yet the impacts on alcohol-related outcomes, and specifically health-related quality of life, are not completely known. Our objective was to assess the association between alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
We conducted an on-line/telephone survey of three cross-sectional samples of US adults during a nine-month stretch of the pandemic, from August 2020 through April 2021, collecting data on drinking—current quantity/frequency and change since prior to pandemic, HRQOL (using the SF-6D), and perceived impact of the pandemic on respondents’ lives—overall impact and disruptions across various dimensions (job loss, school closures, social isolation, loss of income). We pooled the data from the three administrations and applied survey weights to reflect the US population. We described drinking behavior and pandemic impact, and regressed HRQOL on alcohol consumption risk level (per World Health Organization categories), change in drinking since pre-pandemic, and pandemic impact using weighted least squares, controlling for respondents’ demographic characteristics. We tested the significance of categorical variables using Wald tests at a p-value of 0.05.

Results
Among 3,125 respondents, weighted to reflect the US population, 68% reported drinking during the pandemic and 40% reported a change in drinking from pre-pandemic level (either increased or decreased). Mean HRQOL among our sample was 0.721 (SD 0.003). Any change in drinking from pre-pandemic level was independently associated with significantly lower HRQOL compared to never drinking (pre or during pandemic), from − 0.0251 points for decreased/stopped drinking to -0.0406 points for increased drinking (combined levels’ Wald test F = 10.62, p < 0.0000). COVID-19 pandemic related impacts/disruptions were associated with HRQOL decrements ranging from − 0.0834 to -0.1340 (Wald test F = 64.34, p < 0.0000).

Conclusion
The US population HRQOL was substantially lower during the pandemic than reported a decade earlier (mean = 0.79 in 2012-13). While pandemic-related impacts and disruptions may explain a large part of this decrement, changes in drinking—and the associated implications of such changes–might also play a role. Both individuals who reduced their drinking during the pandemic and those who increased consumption may be at risk of poor HRQOL.
Wearing a KN95/FFP2 facemask induces subtle yet significant brain functional connectivity modifications restricted to the salience network
Authors: Haller Sven , Montandon Marie-Louise , Rodriguez Cristelle , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of facemasks is one of the consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to search for subtle changes in brain functional connectivity, expected notably related to the high-level salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN).

Methods
Prospective crossover design resting 3-T fMRI study with/without wearing a tight FFP2/KN95 facemask, including 23 community-dwelling male healthy controls aged 29.9 ± 6.9 years (mean ± standard deviation). Physiological parameters, respiration frequency, and heart rate were monitored. The data analysis was performed using the CONN toolbox.

Results
Wearing an FFP2/KN95 facemask did not impact respiration or heart rate but resulted in a significant reduction in functional connectivity between the SN as the seed region and the left middle frontal and precentral gyrus. No difference was found when the DMN, sensorimotor, visual, dorsal attention, or language networks were used as seed regions. In the absence of significant changes of physiological parameter respiration and heart rate, and in the absence of changes in lower-level functional networks, we assume that those subtle modifications are cognitive consequence of wearing facemasks.

Conclusions
The effect of wearing a tight FFP2/KN95 facemask in men is limited to high-level functional networks. Using the SN as seed network, we observed subtle yet significant decreases between the SN and the left middle frontal and precentral gyrus. Our observations suggest that wearing a facemask may change the patterns of functional connectivity with the SN known to be involved in communication, social behavior, and self-awareness.
Penicillium simplicissimum and Trichoderma asperellum counteract the challenge of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat plants
Authors: Esmail Samar Mohamed , Draz Ibrahim Sobhy , Saleem Muhammad Hamzah , Mumtaz Sahar , Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Yellow (stripe) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an economic disease of wheat. Growth-promoting fungi (GPF) such as Trichoderma asperellum and Penicillium simplicissimum have been investigated for their potential to control yellow rust and their involvement in gene expression of four PR proteins for all-stage resistance.

Results
Wheat plants (cv. Sids-12) treated individually with each of the biocontrol agents, P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum, at 24 and 48 hpi showed a resistance response (infection type = 2) to yellow rust, compared to the non-treated plants, which showed highly susceptible response (infection type = 9). Both biocontrol agents induced resistance against yellow rust on wheat plants, exhibiting a moderate resistance (10 MR) and reduced the colony size of Pst (0.6 mm2). Moreover, P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum increased (P ≤ 0.05) the grain yields of wheat plants infected with Pst. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of yellow rust infected wheat leaves treated with P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum at 24 and 48 hpi showed hyperparasitism on Pst urediniospores and inhibition of the spore germination. Expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, PR1, PR2, PR3 and PR4 were higher in wheat plants treated with both biocontrol agents than the non-treated checks.

Conclusion
P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum exhibited biocontrol potential against yellow rust disease caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) on wheat plants. It was found that wheat defence mechanism against Pst was activated by a high expression of PR protein genes induced by both biocontrol agents.