bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent responses of autumn vegetation phenology to climate extremes over northern middle and high latitudes
Authors: Wang Mei , Li Peng , Peng Changhui , Xiao Jingfeng , Zhou Xiaolu , Luo Yunpeng , Zhang Cicheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimCompared with gradual climate change, extreme climatic events have more direct and dramatic impacts on vegetation growth. However, the influence of climate extremes on important phenological periods, such as the end of the growing season (EOS), remains unclear. Here, we investigate the temporal trends of EOS across different biomes and quantify the response of EOS to multiple climate extreme indices (CEIs).LocationNorthern middle and high latitudes.Time period2000–2020.Major taxa studiedPlants.MethodsThree phenology extraction methods were used to compute EOS from satellite, FLUXNET and Pan European Phenology Project PEP725 phenological datasets. Different stress states of cold, hot, dry and wet extremes were represented by 12 CEIs. Partial correlation and ridge regression analysis were used to quantify the response of EOS to climate extremes across latitudinal and biome scales.ResultsOur study showed a delayed EOS in boreal biomes, but a significantly advanced EOS in temperate biomes. The advanced EOS induced by cold stress was observed for c. 80% of the vegetated pixels. The warm‐related CEIs delayed the EOS in high latitudes, and the delayed effect weakened or even reversed with decreasing latitude. In contrast, EOS exhibited opposite response patterns to dry days and wet‐related CEIs. Overall, EOS exhibited higher sensitivity to extreme temperature in boreal biomes than in temperate biomes. Specifically, continuous drought and high heat stress induced an earlier EOS in some temperate forest biomes, whereas moderate heat stress delayed the EOS in most study biomes. In contrast, EOS was not sensitive to extreme drought in water‐restricted biomes.Main conclusionsEOS exhibited divergent responses to various climate extremes with different intensities and frequencies. Moreover, the response of EOS to extreme climate stress was dependent on the biome and latitude. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating the divergent extreme climate effects into vegetation phenological models and Earth system models.
Oral health and oral health‐related quality of life among older adults receiving home health care services: A scoping review
Authors: Henni Silje Havrevold , Skudutyte‐Rysstad Rasa , Ansteinsson Vibeke , Hellesø Ragnhild , Hovden Ewa A. Szyszko 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo map the literature on subjective and objective oral health indicators and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults receiving home health care services (HHCS).BackgroundThe proportion of older adults in need of HHCS will increase in the coming years. Previous studies indicate that frail and dependent older adults are at increased risk for oral diseases, due to challenges with daily oral hygiene and regular access to dental services.Materials and methodsFour databases were searched in November 2020 for relevant literature. Search terms included a comprehensive list of terms for adults 65 years or older receiving HHCS, clinical and subjective oral health indicators, and OHRQoL. The literature was reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 3114 sources identified, 18 were included. Data on oral diseases and symptoms among older adults receiving HHCS were limited and heterogeneous. Overall, older adults often lacked some of their natural teeth and often had removable dentures that needed repair. In addition, plaque, caries, xerostomia, and chewing and swallowing problems were common among the population group. Data on OHRQoL were scarce and indicated a positive association with a higher number of present teeth, while decayed teeth, root remnants, and dry mouth had substantial negative impacts on the daily activities of older adults receiving HHCS.ConclusionThis scoping review show that older adults above 65 years receiving HHCS generally have poor oral health status and that there is a knowledge gap regarding their OHRQoL.
“They wouldn't get away with it at McDonalds”: Decriminalization, work, and disciplinary power in New Zealand brothels
Authors: Weinhold Claire , Abel Gillian , Thompson Lee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNew Zealand decriminalized sex work in 2004 with the passage of the Prostitution Reform Act (2003), which sets an explicit intention to prevent exploitation of sex workers and improve their welfare. This has demonstrably improved conditions for sex workers and provides a necessary context for addressing exploitation. However, little research has looked at how this works for brothel‐based sex workers in New Zealand. This paper responds to that gap by examining how brothel operators in New Zealand exercise power and control and how sex workers experience that. The study draws on in‐depth interviews conducted across New Zealand with 33 participants. These include staff from the New Zealand Sex Workers' Collective (2), brothel‐based sex workers (18), operators (8), and sex worker/operators (5). We use a Foucauldian framework and Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to examine how disciplinary power informs brothel management, prompting the production of normative discourses of work that destabilize sex workers' safety at work. We conclude that decriminalization nevertheless provides an essential framework by which sex workers are able to resist disciplinary control (W/C 171).
Increased histologic inflammation is an independent risk factor for nonconventional dysplasia in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nguyen Eric D. , Wang Dongliang , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Choi Won‐Tak 
Published: August 2022

AimsSeveral types of nonconventional dysplasia have been described in inflammatory bowel disease. Hypermucinous, goblet cell‐deficient, and crypt cell dysplasias are considered high‐risk subtypes, as they often have molecular features of advanced neoplasia (e.g. aneuploidy) and are more frequently associated with advanced neoplasia than conventional dysplasia. This study investigated if increased colonic inflammation is a risk factor for nonconventional dysplasia.Methods and ResultsA cohort of 125 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)‐associated dysplasia were analyzed and compared with 50 control UC patients without a history of neoplasia. For each patient, all biopsies prior to the initial detection of dysplasia were scored using a 4‐point inflammatory activity score. Both mean and maximum scores from all biopsies taken during each colonoscopy were derived. Inflammation burden was calculated by multiplying the average maximum score between each pair of surveillance episodes by length of surveillance interval in years. The average scores of all colonoscopies were used to calculate overall mean, maximum, and inflammation burden scores. In multivariate analyses, higher maximum (odds ratio [OR] 3.4) and inflammation burden (OR 4.2) scores were significantly associated with the detection of dysplasia (P < 0.05). Similarly, higher mean and maximum scores increased the odds of nonconventional dysplasia by 2.7 and 4.9, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a stronger association between these two scores and high‐risk subtypes (ORs 4.0 and 7.5, respectively, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe risk of nonconventional dysplasia is significantly associated with increased colonic inflammation, which may contribute to its higher rates of aneuploidy and malignancy.
Comparison of antiplaque and anti‐gingivitis effects of aloe vera mouthwash with chlorhexidine in fixed orthodontic patients—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamath Deepa G. , Nadimpalli Harshitha , Nayak Sangeeta Umesh , Rajendran Valliammai , Natarajan Srikant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn daily dental practice, plaque‐induced gingivitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases that is frequently encountered. Accumulation of microbial biofilms on surfaces of teeth and poor or inadequate oral hygiene is the chief predisposing factor for this condition. In such a state, antimicrobial mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control helps in maintaining good oral hygiene. Among the many conditions, fixed orthodontic treatment is one of the conditions where plaque control becomes challenging to the patient as well as the dentist. In such a situation, antimicrobial mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control is highly recommended. Dentistry has recently evidenced a shift of approach for treating many inflammatory oral diseases by using herbal treatment modalities. Aloe vera is one such product exhibiting multiple benefits and has gained considerable importance in clinical research recently. The present study aimed to evaluate efficacy of aloe vera mouth rinse on the dental plaque and gingivitis in patients who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash.Material and MethodThis randomized controlled trial was conducted on 30 subjects with fixed orthodontic treatment. The subjects were grouped in the test group (15 subjects with 10 ml aloe vera mouthwash (99.6% [w/v])) and the control group (15 subjects with 0.2% 10 ml chlorhexidine mouthwash). Plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing were recorded for each participant at baseline, 21 days from baseline and 35 days from baseline. The findings were then statistically analysed using student paired and unpaired t‐test.ResultsGingival index showed a statistically significant difference from baseline to 21 days and 35 days visit in both the groups. Plaque index and bleeding on probing were statistically significant among both groups when compared baseline to 21 days and 35 days visit, but the difference was not significant between visit 2 and visit 3.ConclusionsAlthough chlorhexidine is still the gold standard mouthwash, aloe vera exhibits promising results in reducing plaque and gingivitis scores, without any reported adverse effects. Larger multi‐centric trials are needed to prove its effectiveness on dental plaque‐induced gingivitis.
Multidimensional poverty among different age cohorts in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Hyesun , Nam Su‐Jung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study analyzed multidimensional poverty among different age cohorts in South Korea. The elements of poverty were stratified along with the individual, social, and structural dimensions, considering five poverty dimensions (monetary, health, housing, human relations, and social security) that represent wellbeing or quality of life. Latent class analysis revealed different structures by age group. The proportion of young people (≤54 years) suffering from multidimensional poverty was much smaller than other age groups. For young‐old people (55–64 years), the probability of deprivation exhibited a dispersed pattern across health, housing, human relations, and social security, whereas the old‐old (65–74 years) and oldest‐old (≥75 years) groups exhibited significant risk in the health dimension. These findings suggest the need for expansion of the scope of community care services for beneficiaries, promotion of housing welfare, and strengthening of social networks and psychological support policies.
Behavioural response to abusive supervision among hotel employees: The intervening roles of forgiveness climate and helping behaviour
Authors: Eluwole Kayode Kolawole , Ukeje Uchechukwu Edwin , Saydam Mehmet Bahrı , Ozturen Ali , Lasisi Taiwo Temitope 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study draws on conservation of resource theory to propose a research model in which forgiveness climate mediates the influence of abusive supervision on employees’ voice behaviour, helping behaviour, and customer‐centric organisational citizen behaviour (OCB). Data gathered from hotel employees and their co‐workers in Nigeria were used to assess the hypothesised associations. These relationships were assessed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that abusive supervision reduces employees’ perception of forgiveness climate, helping behaviour, and customer‐centric OCB and fosters voice behaviour. On the other hand, forgiveness climate erodes voice behaviour and heightens helping behaviour and customer‐centric OCB. This study explains the theoretical and practical contribution of the findings.
Nurses' perceptions of career growth: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ni Yun‐Xia , Wu Dan , Bao Yun , Li Ji‐Ping , You Gui‐Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses' experiences and perceptions of career growth and its influencing factors, as career growth is more closely associated with individual attitudes and behaviours in the new career era.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsThirty‐one nurses from 10 secondary and 8 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province of China were purposively selected to participate in this study. The data were collected using individual semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and emergent coding. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe nurses' perceptions of career growth fully described the nurses' experience and occurred in five dimensions: career promotion, career goal progress, professional ability and quality improvement, professional identity development and increase in personal prestige. The factors influencing career growth were identified at the organizational, individual and social levels. Career growth in nursing was complex, changed over time and showed several specific characteristics compared with other careers. The nurse‐specific symbol of career growth was professional identity development, which reflected career progression characteristics.ConclusionsCareer growth is a multi‐dimensional concept with varying influencing factors. The meaning of career growth for nurses is distinct from that for employees in other careers.ImpactNursing managers should guide nurses to comprehensively assess their career growth from multiple perspectives, and professional identity development deserves more attention. Both organizations and individuals should take responsibility for career management to pursue career growth.
The Expression of Hate in Hate Speech
Authors: Marques Teresa 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, I argue that hate speech expresses hate, and I answer some objections to expressivist views. First, I briefly comment on some limitations of pragmatic accounts of harmful speech. I then present an expressive‐normative view of derogatory discourse according to which it is expressive of an affective state by presupposing it. A linguistic act expressive of an affective state inherits the normativity that is constitutive of that state, as directed to its intentional object. If the act is successful, it updates the conversational context with the normative appraisal conditions of the affective state presupposed. I argue that this model can be applied to hate speech. I rely on current research on the psychology of hate to identify the appraisal conditions, action tendencies, and motivational goals characteristic of hate. The account supplements other pragmatic accounts of hate speech.
A simplified approach to radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular outflow tract premature ventricular contractions
Authors: Parreira Leonor , Carmo Pedro , Marinheiro Rita , Chambel Duarte , Mesquita Dinis , Amador Pedro , Pinho Joana , Marques Lia , Reis Roberto Palma , Adragao Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionFrequently, low voltage areas (LVAs) and diastolic potentials (DPs) are present at ablation sites in sinus rhythm in patients with idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).ObjectiveValidate these findings as substrates for PVCs and evaluate the feasibility of a simplified substrate approach based on LVAs and DPs for ablation of idiopathic outflow tract PVCs, in patients with a low PVC burden during the procedure.MethodsProspective single‐arm clinical trial at two centers with comparison with a historical group, matched to age and gender. The study group consisted of consecutive patients referred for ablation of frequent idiopathic PVCs with inferior axis, that presented with less than two PVCs/min in first 5 min of the procedure. The ablation was based on fast mapping of the right ventricular outflow tract in sinus rhythm looking for LVAs and DPs, defined as isolated small amplitude potentials occurring after the T wave of the surface echocardiogram. The area with LVAs and DPs was tagged, and a simplified activation mapping of the PVCs was done in that area. The procedure time, success rate, and recurrence rate were compared with the historical group in whom ablation was performed based on activation and pace mapping only. A validation group without PVCs was also studied to assess the prevalence of LVAs and DPs in the general population.ResultsThe study (n = 38), historical (n = 38), and validation (n = 38) groups did not differ in relation to age or gender. Prevalence of LVAs and DPs was significantly higher in the study group in comparison with the validation group, respectively, 71% versus 11%, p < 0.0001 and 87% versus 8%, p < 0.0001. Procedure time was significantly lower in the study group when comparing to the historical group, 130 (100–164) versus 183 (160–203) min, p < 0.0001 and the success rate was significantly higher, 90% versus 64%, p = 0.013. The recurrence rate in patients with a successful ablation was not significantly different between both groups, Log‐rank = 0.125.ConclusionThe prevalence of LVAs and DPs was significantly higher in the study group than in the validation group. The proposed approach proved to be feasible, faster, and more efficient than the historical approach.
Internet‐delivered therapist‐assisted cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Clark David M. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCognitive therapy for SAD (CT‐SAD) is a first‐line recommended treatment for adult social anxiety disorder (SAD) and shows considerable promise for youth. However, the high prevalence of adolescent SAD and limited number of therapists presents an implementation challenge. Delivery of CT‐SAD via the Internet may offer part of the solution.MethodForty‐three youth (14–18 years) with SAD recruited through schools were randomly allocated to therapist‐assisted Internet‐delivered CT‐SAD (called OSCA) or waitlist for 14 weeks (ISRCTN15079139).ResultsOSCA outperformed waitlist on all measures and was associated with large effects that were maintained at 6‐month follow‐up. In the OSCA arm, 77% of adolescents lost their SAD diagnosis at post (vs. 14% in the waitlist arm), increasing to 91% at 6‐months. Beneficial effects of OSCA were mediated through changes in cognitions and safety behaviours as predicted by cognitive models of SAD. OSCA was associated with high credibility and therapeutic alliance.ConclusionsThis preliminary trial suggests OSCA holds promise as an effective, accessible treatment for adolescent SAD. Future definitive trials could compare OSCA to active comparators to examine specificity of effects.
Influence of geometric dimensions on early failures of adhesively retained composite resin core build‐ups
Authors: Zenthöfer Andreas , Rues Stefan , Rammelsberg Peter , Ohlmann Brigitte , Bömicke Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of the geometric dimensions of core build‐ups on early core build‐up failure, that is, loss before definitive prosthesis cementation.Materials and MethodsAdhesive core build‐ups of exclusively vital teeth in 114 participants were evaluated (n materials: 40 Rebilda DC, 38 Multicore Flow, 36 Clearfil DC Core; n teeth: 8 incisors, 54 premolars, 52 molars). Impressions of the abutment teeth were made (1) after removal of insufficient restorations/caries and (2) after core build‐up and preparation for a fixed prosthesis. Digitized model surfaces of both situations were aligned (Geomagic Design X) and core build‐up volume (VCBU), remaining hard tissue volume (VAbut), and size of the adhesive surface (Aadh) were assessed. The derived measure dCBU = VCBU/Aadh can be interpreted as mean arithmetic core build‐up thickness. Associations between participant or core build‐up design characteristics and the occurrence of early failures were statistically evaluated (SPSS v27, α = 0.05).ResultsA total of six (5.3%) core build‐up failures were registered. Higher participant age, greater core build‐up volume VCBU and greater arithmetic uniform thickness dCBU were associated with a greater incidence of failure in bivariate and univariate, however, not in multivariate statistics.ConclusionsCore build‐up volume and thickness were associated with early success or failure.Clinical SignificanceIn the case of voluminous/thick core build‐ups in relation to the adhesive surface, additional measures, such as the preparation of retentive elements to increase the bonding area, might be considered to reduce the risk of early core build‐up failure.
The recombinant subunit vaccine encapsulated by alginate‐chitosan microsphere enhances the immune effect against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus
Authors: Xu Fei‐Fan , Jiang Fu‐Yi , Zhou Guo‐Qing , Xia Jun‐Yao , Yang Fei , Zhu Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe disease caused by Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) has brought substantial economic losses to the largemouth bass aquaculture industry in China. Vaccination was considered as a potential way to prevent and control this disease. As a kind of sustained and controlled release system, alginate and chitosan microspheres (SA‐CS) are widely used in the development of oral vaccination for fish. Here, we prepared a king of alginate‐chitosan composite microsphere to encapsulate the second segment of MSRV glycoprotein (G2 protein) and then evaluated the immune effect of the microsphere vaccine on largemouth bass. Largemouth bass were vaccinated via intragastric immunization by different treatments (PBS, SA‐CS, G2 and SA‐CS‐G2). The results showed that a stronger immune response including serum antibody levels, immune‐related physiological indexes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) and the expression of immune‐related gene (IgM、IL‐8、IL‐1β、CD4、TGF‐β、TNF‐α) can be induced obviously with SA‐CS‐G2 groups compared with G2 groups when fish were vaccinated. Furthermore, fish were injected with a lethal dose of MSRV after immunization for 28 days, and the highest relative percentage survival (54.8%) was observed in SA‐CS‐G2 group (40 μg per fish), which is significantly higher than that of G2 group (25.8%). This study showed that alginate‐chitosan microspheres as the vaccine carrier can effectively improve the immune effect of oral vaccination and induce better immune protection effect against MSRV infection.