bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Treatment For MHD Axisymmetric Rotating Bodewadt Rheology Under Ohmic Heating And Viscous Dissipation Effects
Authors: Awais M. , Bibi Marium , Ali Aamir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present research manuscript is intended to scrutinize the impacts of heat transfer in a Bodewadt flow above a penetrable disk numerically. The repercussions of internal heat generation and absorption, viscous dissipation, magnetic field, joule heating accompanying with variable properties of the fluid are also inspected as well. Within the recent past, multifarious scientists have prophesied that physically compatible solution of heat energy equation in a Bodewadt flow exist only when the disk is permeable. The final problem contains the variable which estimates the rate of dependence of fluid viscosity on the temperature. We transmuted the governing equations of heat transfer (accompanied by variable properties) and motion of fluid in to self-similar non-dimensional differential equations by utilizing the Von-Karman variables. The major result of this research study is that the velocity & temperature of the fluid surrounding the disk are substantially altered by taking numerous values of parameter of variable viscosity . Command of NDSolve in Mathematica software on the basis of Adams Bashforth method is employed to obtain numerical statistics from suggested mathematical model. Numerical results for velocity constituents (F, G, H) and temperature curves ( ) for distinct emerging parameters are illustrated graphically. Additionally, the values of co-efficient of skin friction and nusselt number are calculated for different emerging parameters and their behavior are exposed physically with the assistance of tables and bar charts.
Drug Properties, Chemical Reactivity and Docking Binding Energy of Cinnamon with Estrogen, Testosterone, Progesterone as Potential Drug: Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Razavi R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cinnamon is applying for diabetes and insulin resistance as plant medicine. In this study DFT calculation to consider pregnancy function role of cinnamon compounds were done by B3LYP/6-311G. Thermodynamics properties, molecular electronics, docking of cinnamon compounds with estrogen, testosterone and progesterone and drug parameters calculated the results obtained among of sexual hormones ,progesterone has act with chemical component of cinnamon.
Comparison Between the Effects of Ultrasound Guided Intra-Articular Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid, and Their Combination in Hip Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nouri Farshad , Babaee Marzieh , Peydayesh Parya , Esmaily Hadi , Raeissadat Seyed Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Intra articular (IA) injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are of the new methods in the management of hip osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of IA injections of PRP, HA and their combination in patients with hip OA. HA and PRP are two IA interventions that can be used in OA in the preoperative stages. Due to the different mechanisms of action, these two are proposed to have a synergistic effect by combining.
Methods
This is a randomized clinical trial with three parallel groups. In this study, patients with grade 2 and 3 hip OA were included, and were randomly divided into three injection groups: PRP, HA and PRP + HA. In either group, two injections with two weeks’ interval were performed into the hip joint under ultrasound guidance. Patients were assessed before the intervention, two months and six months after the second injection, using the visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Lequesne questionnaires.
Results
105 patients were enrolled randomly in HA, PRP and PRP + HA groups. All three groups showed significant improvement in WOMAC, VAS, and Lequesne at two months and six months compared with baseline. Comparison of the 3 groups demonstrated significant differences regarding WOMAC and Lequesne total scores and the activities of daily living (ADL) subscale of Lequesne (P = 0.041, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively), in which the observed improvement at 6th month was significantly higher in the PRP + HA and PRP groups compared to the HA group.
Conclusion
Although all 3 interventions were associated with improvement of pain and function in patients with hip OA, the therapeutic effects of PRP and PRP + HA injections lasted longer (6 months), and the effects of these two interventions on patients' performance, disability, and ADL were superior to HA in the long run. Moreover, the addition of HA to PRP was not associated with a significant increase in the therapeutic results.
Trial registration:
The study was retrospectively registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) website http://www.irct.ir/, a WHO Primary Register setup, with the registration number of IRCT20130523013442N30.
Characterization and antiviral susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron/BA.2
Authors: Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Uraki Ryuta , Kiso Maki , Iida Shun , Imai Masaki , Takashita Emi , Kuroda Makoto , Halfmann Peter , Loeber Samantha , Maemura Tadashi , Yamayoshi Seiya , Fujisaki Seiichiro , Wang Zhongde , Ito Mutsumi , Ujie Michiko , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Furusawa Yuri , Wright Ryan , Chong Zhenlu , Ozono Seiya , Yasuhara Atsuhiro , Ueki Hiroshi , Sakai Yuko , Li Rong , Liu Yanan , Larson Deanna , Koga Michiko , Tsutsumi Takeya , Adachi Eisuke , Saito Makoto , Yamamoto Shinya , Matsubara Shohei , Hagihara Masao , Mitamura Keiko , Sato Tetsuro , Hojo Masayuki , Hattori Shin-ichiro , Maeda Kenji , Okuda Moe , Murakami Jurika , Duong Calvin , Godbole Sucheta , Douek Daniel , Watanabe Shinji , Ohmagari Norio , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Diamond Michael , Hasegawa Hideki , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Suzuki Tadaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants possessing large numbers of mutations has raised concerns of decreased effectiveness of current vaccines, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and antiviral drugs for COVID-19 against these variants1,2. While the original Omicron lineage, BA.1, has become dominant in many countries, BA.2 has been detected in at least 67 countries and has become dominant in the Philippines, India, and Denmark. Here, we evaluated the replicative ability and pathogenicity of an authentic infectious BA.2 isolate in immunocompetent and human ACE2 (hACE2)-expressing mice and hamsters. In contrast to recent data with chimeric, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strains expressing the spike proteins of BA.1 and BA.2 on an ancestral WK-521 backbone3, we observed similar infectivity and pathogenicity in mice and hamsters between BA.2 and BA.1, and less pathogenicity compared to early SARS-CoV-2 strains. We also observed a marked and significant reduction in the neutralizing activity of plasma from COVID-19 convalescent individuals and vaccine recipients against BA.2 compared to ancestral and Delta variant strains. In addition, we found that some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (REGN10987/REGN10933, COV2-2196/COV2-2130, and S309) and antiviral drugs (molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and S-217622) can restrict viral infection in the respiratory organs of hamsters infected with BA.2. These findings suggest that the replication and pathogenicity of BA.2 is comparable to that of BA.1 in rodents and that several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antiviral compounds are effective against Omicron/BA.2 variants.
Dynamics of Nuclear Matrix Attachment Regions During 5th Instar Posterior Silk Gland Development in Bombyx Mori
Authors: Chunduri Alekhya Rani , Rajan Resma , Lima Anugata , Ramamoorthy Senthilkumar , Mamillapalli Anitha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chromatin architecture is critical for gene expression during development. Matrix attachment regions (MARs) control and regulate chromatin dynamics. The position of MARs in the genome determines the expression of genes in the organism. In this study, we set out to elucidate how MARs temporally regulate the expression of the fibroin heavy chain (FIBH) gene during development. We addressed this by identifying MARs and studying their distribution and differentiation, in the posterior silk glands of Bombyx mori during 5th instar development. Of the MARs identified on three different days, 7.15% MARs were common to all three, whereas, 1.41%, 19.27% and 52.47% MARs were unique to day 1, day 5, and day 7, respectively highlighting the dynamic nature of the matrix associated DNA. Further, significant changes in the MARs in the vicinity of the FIBH gene were found during different days of 5th instar development which implied their role in the regulation and expression of the FIBH gene.
Evaluating the physicochemical conditions for gold occurrences in pyrite
Authors: He Hongping , Xian Haiyang , Zhu Jianxi , Tan Wei , Wu Xiao , Yang Yiping , Li Shan , Qiu Kunfeng , Zhu Runliang , Teng H. Henry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile noble metals often occur as minor components in host minerals in various ore deposits, little theoretical assessment exists to predict the occurrence of these metals. Here, we probe the fundamental controls responsible for the occurrence of trace elements in host minerals through first-principles calculations. We apply the theoretical model to understanding the debated issues concerning the occurrence of gold (Au) in pyrite, in which the valence of Au is ascribed to either positive or negative values. Our results indicate that (1) both positive and negative valent Au may occur in pyrite and (2) higher sulfur fugacity and lower temperature lead to more Au+ occupying Fe sites in pyrite. These findings suggest that chemical states and speciation of the Au in host pyrite are ultimately controlled by temperature and sulfur fugacity, providing insight into the formation conditions of ore deposits and facilitating strategy design for beneficiation.
Zn-clays in the Kihabe and Nxuu prospects (Aha Hills, Botswana): A XRD and TEM study
Authors: Putzolu Francesco , Abad Isabel , Balassone Giuseppina , Boni Maria , Lupo Francesco , Mondillo Nicola 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zinc clays are commonly found in oxidized Zn deposits and, even though they rarely represent the main target of the ore exploitation, they can be used as a proxy to restore the genetic conditions during ore-forming processes. This work sheds light on the micro- to nano-mineralogy and on the genesis of Zn-clays in the Kihabe and Nxuu prospects (located in the Aha Hills district, Northern Botswana), through an integrated XRD and TEM study of the mineralized facies occurring in the ore system. The Kihabe and Nxuu ores are hosted in a Neoproterozoic metamorphozed quartzwacke unconformably covered by the recent sedimentary rocks, also containing calcretes, of the Kalahari Group. In the analyzed samples, four distinct mineralogical facies have been recognized: (1) vanadate-calcrete facies, poor of Zn-clays; (2) low Zn-clay facies, characterized mostly by clays showing low Zn concentrations; (3) Zn-clay facies, containing proper Zn clay minerals; and (4) sulfide facies, devoid of Zn-clays. In all the facies detrital dioctahedral mica (muscovite and illite) is interstratified with smectite in the form of random (R0) to short-range ordered (R1) I/S, which locally shows significant Zn concentrations. In the sulfide facies kaolinite overgrowing onto mica packets has been detected. The low Zn-clay facies is dominated by Zn-bearing beidellite, with minor kaolinite and fraipontite. The Zn-clay facies consists mostly of a random (R0) interstratified clay between a 7 Å phase corresponding to fraipontite, and a 2:1 swelling clay component identifiable with the dioctahedral smectite, with minor sauconite.
The micro- to nano-scale paragenetic study performed by TEM indicates that the above-mentioned clays formed through a multistage process, eventually ending with the genesis of Zn-bearing phyllosilicates assemblages. The main steps were: (1) alteration of detrital mica and dissolution of feldspar clasts, which led to the formation of epitaxial kaolinite and replacive beidellite; (2) fertilization of barren clays and formation of replacive to epitaxial fraipontite/smectite and of Zn-bearing mica, through input of Zn2+ deriving from sphalerite or willemite dissolution by mixed meteoric-hydrothermal fluids; (3) formation of low tetrahedral charge sauconite, either in pores or as replacement of K-feldspars under surficial hypersaline conditions, possibly also linked to the establishment of the arid climate in region. These processes provide insights into genesis of Zn-Pb-V ore deposits in northwest Botswana. Furthermore, the identification of a Zn-smectite species having a stevensite-like stoichiometry is valuable for future studies dealing with the systematics of clay minerals.
Making the invisible, visible: 3D aquifer models as an effective tool for building water stewardship in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kale Eshwer , D'Souza Marcella , Chemburkar Sarita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Frequent droughts, growing water demand, and the ease of accessing groundwater, particularly through boreholes, have led to an over-dependence on groundwater to meet notably agricultural demands in India. This has led the Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) to motivate and capacitate rural communities for ‘water stewardship’ in which the village as a whole comes together to learn about its resources to manage them better. However, improving the management of the water resource is challenging as the general perception is that the water found below one's farm belongs to the landowner. Moreover, what is below the surface is not visible, therefore not well understood. Thus, WOTR designed a water stewardship initiative (WSI) with the Community-Driven Visual Integrator (CoDriVE-VI or CDVI) as one of the important tools; it produces an operational 3D map of the local aquifer. WOTR implemented the WSI in villages in Maharashtra, India. This paper evaluates the impacts and potential of the WSI and CDVI. We observed that the visual effect of these 3D models of aquifers helps local communities and farmers better understand and appreciate groundwater as a shared resource. This tool is effective in promoting water stewardship, achieving behavioural change in water users, and helping implement groundwater laws and policies.
Potential application of natural coagulant extraction from walnut seeds for water turbidity removal
Authors: Zedan Tariq , Mossad Mohamed , Fouad Moharram , Mahanna Hani 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, natural coagulant obtained from walnut seeds was used in water treatment for the removal of turbidity as a coagulant and as a coagulant aid with alum. The study was conducted by using a jar test under various operational parameters. The tests were carried out with initial turbidity of 10–200 NTU, pH of 3–11, and natural coagulant dose of 1–5 ml/L. The characterization of walnut natural coagulant was carried out using SEM, FTIR, EDX, and zeta potential analyzer. The coagulation activity and turbidity removal efficiency were evaluated for each run. The optimum dose of the walnut seed extract may be found to be 3 ml/L. The highest turbidity removal efficiency was achieved at pH above 7. Walnut seed extract used as coagulant and with alum was able to enhance coagulation process performance and decrease the alum dose required for the coagulation process performance and decrease the alum dose required for the coagulation process. Walnut seed extract has a negligible impact on organic matter content in the coagulated water. Furthermore, ANNs model of turbidity removal using walnut seed extract was conducted and yielded a high coefficient of determination (R2 of 0.96).
Interspecies transfer of biosynthetic cobalamin for complete dechlorination of trichloroethene by Dehalococcoides mccartyi
Authors: Li Haijun , Wei Shanming , Liu Na , Du Yalu , Ding Guantao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Complete dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) by Dehalococcoides mccartyi is catalyzed by reductive dehalogenases (RDases), which possess cobalamin as the crucial cofactor. However, virtually all D. mccartyi isolated thus far are corrinoid auxotrophs. The exogenous addition of commercially available cobalamin for TCE-contaminated site decontamination is costly. In this study, TCE reduction by a D. mccartyi-containing microbial consortium utilizing biosynthetic cobalamin generated by interior corrinoid-producing organisms within this microbial consortium was studied. The results confirmed that subcultures without exogenous cobalamin in the medium were apparently unaffected and were able to successively metabolize TCE to nonchlorinated ethene. The 2-bromoethanesulfonate and ampicillin resistance tests results suggested that ampicillin-sensitive bacteria rather than methanogenic archaea within this microbial consortium were responsible for biosynthesizing cobalamin. Moreover, relatively stable carbon isotopic enrichment factor (ɛ-carbon) values of TCE were obtained regardless of whether exogenous cobalamin or selective inhibitors existed in the medium, indicating that the cobalamin biosynthesized by these organisms was absorbed and utilized by D. mccartyi for RDase synthesis and eventually participated in TCE reduction. Finally, the Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis indicated that Desulfitobacterium and Acetobacterium in this microbial consortium were responsible for the de novo cobalamin biosynthesis to fulfill the requirements of D. mccartyi for TCE metabolism.
Aptamers and New Bioreceptors for the Electrochemical Detection of
Biomarkers Expressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Pusta Alexandra , Tertis Mihaela , Graur Florin , Cristea Cecilia , Al Hajjar Nadim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignancy associated with high mortality and
increasing incidence. Early detection of this disease could help increase survival and
overall patient benefit. Non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis of this medical condition
are of utmost importance. In this scope, the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers
can provide a useful diagnostic tool. Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNAs
or RNAs that can specifically bind selected analytes and act as pseudo-biorecognition elements
that can be employed for electrode functionalization. Also, other types of DNA sequences
can be used to construct DNA-based biosensors applied for the quantification of
hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers. Herein, we analyze recent examples of aptasensors
and DNA biosensors for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers, like micro-
RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, exosomes, circulating tumor cells, and proteins. The
literature data are discussed comparatively in a critical manner, highlighting the advantages
of using electrochemical biosensors in diagnosis, as well as the use of nanomaterials
and biocomponents in the functionalization of electrodes for improved sensitivity
and selectivity.
The Applications of Sulfinic Acids, Sodium Sulfinates, or Sulfonyl Hydrazides in the
Radical Cyclization
Authors: Li Yangyang , Huang Dayun , Deng Danfeng , Guo Sheng-Rong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Sulfinic acids, sodium sulfinates, and sulfonyl hydrazides are stable, inexpensive,
and readily available building blocks, which have been recently utilized as synthons to access
various heterocyclic motifs via radical sulfonylation and cyclization. This review systematically
summarizes the radical cyclization cascades and discusses their mechanisms. Moreover, it
also discusses multi-component reactions, rearrangements, cycloadditions, coupling, green
chemistry, etc. We hope that this review will promote future research in this area.
Integrating Multiple Inputs Into an Artificial Pancreas System: Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Hettiarachchi Chirath , Daskalaki Elena , Desborough Jane , Nolan Christopher J , O’Neal David , Suominen Hanna 
Published: February 2022

Background
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which a deficiency in insulin production impairs the glucose homeostasis of the body. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin is a commonly used treatment method. Artificial pancreas systems (APS) use continuous glucose level monitoring and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin in a closed-loop mode incorporating a controller (or control algorithm). However, the operation of APS is challenging because of complexities arising during meals, exercise, stress, sleep, illnesses, glucose sensing and insulin action delays, and the cognitive burden. To overcome these challenges, options to augment APS through integration of additional inputs, creating multi-input APS (MAPS), are being investigated.

Objective
The aim of this survey is to identify and analyze input data, control architectures, and validation methods of MAPS to better understand the complexities and current state of such systems. This is expected to be valuable in developing improved systems to enhance the quality of life of people with T1D.

Methods
A literature survey was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases for the period January 1, 2005, to February 10, 2020. On the basis of the search criteria, 1092 articles were initially shortlisted, of which 11 (1.01%) were selected for an in-depth narrative analysis. In addition, 6 clinical studies associated with the selected studies were also analyzed.

Results
Signals such as heart rate, accelerometer readings, energy expenditure, and galvanic skin response captured by wearable devices were the most frequently used additional inputs. The use of invasive (blood or other body fluid analytes) inputs such as lactate and adrenaline were also simulated. These inputs were incorporated to switch the mode of the controller through activity detection, directly incorporated for decision-making and for the development of intermediate modules for the controller. The validation of the MAPS was carried out through the use of simulators based on different physiological models and clinical trials.

Conclusions
The integration of additional physiological signals with continuous glucose level monitoring has the potential to optimize glucose control in people with T1D through addressing the identified limitations of APS. Most of the identified additional inputs are related to wearable devices. The rapid growth in wearable technologies can be seen as a key motivator regarding MAPS. However, it is important to further evaluate the practical complexities and psychosocial aspects associated with such systems in real life.