bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Selective Survival on Sex Disparities in Stroke Incidence: Evaluating Bias using a Simulation Model
Authors: Lin Xiaolei , Li Leah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Males tend to have higher stroke incidence than females. The difference attenuates (or even reverses) in late-life. Using a simulation study, we assessed how selective survival impacted on age attenuation of the male-female difference in stroke incidence.Methods: We simulated a birth cohort of 50,000 males and 50,000 females. The distributions of survival and first stroke incident were calibrated from published data. We generated an unobserved construct U (i.e. risk factors for incident stroke and/or survival) and considered four causal scenarios based on the sex-specific association between U and survival. To assess the bias under each scenario, we compared male–female difference in stroke incidence from 45 to 95y with pre-specified value (5 per 1000 person-year). Results: Under all causal scenarios, male-female difference in stroke incidence was close to pre-specified value from mid-adulthood but decreased (thus bias increased) at older ages. There was only a small increase in bias when U did not affect survival (Scenario A). When U had a direct effect on survival, the difference decreased (thus bias increased) rapidly, reversed from 95y when U affected survival with a similar magnitude for males and females (Scenario B: hazard ratio (HR)=1.5). The difference reversed earlier when the effect of U on survival was greater for males than females: at 85y (Scenario C: HR=1.5 vs 1.0) and 80y (Scenario D: HR=2.5 vs 1.5). Conclusions: Males had higher stroke incidence overall, but the male-female difference attenuated with age when there existed unobserved common risk factors for stroke and survival. The survivor bias was greater when their association with survival differed by sex.
Application of fish scale derivatives in ameliorating the phytotoxicity effects of multi-metal contaminated soil on paddy rice
Authors: maleki-Roudposhti sahar , Ghasemi-Fasaei Reza , Ronaghi Abdolmajid , Baghernejad Majid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Immobilization is an efficient method in the remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. A greenhouse experiment is conducted to investigate the influence of fish scale powder, chitin, and chitosan on the growth and chemical composition of rice grown on a soil contaminated with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni. Results showed that the application of fish scale powder, chitin, and chitosan significantly increased root and shoot dry matter yield of rice, but decreased Pb phytoextraction efficiency. Further, the translocation factor of Ni decreased following the application of fish scale powder and chitosan. Application of fish scale powder decreased Ni, Cd, Zn, and Pb bioavailability in soil. The addition of chitosan reduced Ni and Pb concentration in rice shoots. Among different amendments, only the application of chitosan had a significant effect on the reduction of Zn content in rice root. Considering that the translocation factors were less than one in all treatments, it can be concluded that biostabilization of the studied metals has occurred. based on the obtained results fish scale derivatives including fish scale powder and chitosan play an important role in the removal of heavy metals due to having suitable functional groups. Therefore, it can be deduced that due to the economic feasibility, environmentally friendly, and high metal removal capability of chitosan and fish scale powder, these two amendments are highly recommendable to be applied in multi-metal polluted soils for increasing metals removal and hence decreasing their phytotoxicity.
A Convolution Neural Network Approach to Doppler Spectra Classification of 205 MHz Radar
Authors: Thampy Baazil P , S Shailesh , M.V. Judy , Kottayil Ajil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wind profiler radars are capable of measuring three-dimensional wind profiles at various altitudes of the atmosphere, at very high temporal and spatial resolution. The Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research (ACARR), located at Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), operates the World’s first 205 MHz stratospheretroposphere wind profiler radar which provides three-dimensional wind profiles for an altitude range of 315 m to 20 km. During non-rainy condition, the radar Doppler power spectrum bears the signature of ambient air motion whereas during rainy conditions, it contains signatures of both ambient air motion and fall velocity of rain droplets. The classification of Doppler power spectra for rainy (Precipitation) and non-rainy (Clear) conditions is necessary as wind profile retrieval from the former needs careful separation of ambient air motion from fall velocity of droplets. A manual classification of the power spectrum is cumbersome, time-consuming, and therefore not practical due to the vast database. This work intends to automate Doppler power spectra classification using the deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed Convolutional Neural Network model gives a k-fold validation accuracy of 99.77 % and testing accuracy of 99.60% for power spectra classification. The performance of CNN is compared against other popular machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbour and Naive Bayes. The performance comparison results show that the proposed CNN outperforms other models in radar Doppler power spectra classification.
Role of the Microbiota-Metabolite Axis in the Rotenone Model of Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yan Zhenzhen , Li Ruihua , Shi Wanying , Yao Lifen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD), but its potential pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we used the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based metabolomics investigated the gut microbiome alterations and the serum amino acid levels in early-stage PD mice model induced with rotenone and vehicle-induced control mice. The results demonstrated that the microbial taxa at phylum, family and genus levels remarkably altered in rotenone-induced mice relative to vehicle-induced mice. The rotenone-induced mice had higher relative abundances of Flavobacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Prevotellaceae as well as lower relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, Ruminiclostridium, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group than vehicle-induced mice. The evaluation of serum amino acids revealed the alterations in several classes of amino acids, including L-proline, L-alanine, L-serine, L-asparagine, L-threonine, L-glutamine, L-methionine, and L-4-hydroxyproline. Notably, the altered serum amino acid levels were significantly associated with the abundance of gut microbiota, especially Ruminococcaceae and Ruminiclostridium. Our study explored the possible role of the gut-microbiota-metabolite axis in the early-stage PD and provided the possibility of prevention and treatment of PD by gut microbiota-metabolite axis in the future.
Impacts of the inclusion of folded geogrids on the load-settlement behavior of strip footing overlaid fine sand
Authors: Ahmad Hussein 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper describes experimental studies on a strip footing overlaid with unreinforced, planar geogrid-reinforced, and folded geogrid layers of fine sand subjected to static loading. The footing settlement was determined for plate loading of over 25 kN. The variables are assessed in the testing program, including the number of planar geogrid layers, the position of the folded geogrid within the soil, the thickness of the geogrid folded layer, wraparound lap and overlap lengths of a folded geogrid, the spacing within geogrid folded layers, and several geogrid layers. The results indicated the superiority of footing performance as a result of static loading for geogrid folded reinforced sand compared to planar geogrid reinforced sand. In addition, a critical region was found at a certain depth under the footing, where a geogrid folded results in increased footing settlement. This critical area affects the behavior of sandy soils with low footing widths. As a result of static loading, the soil compacts within depth, and sand particles penetrate between the geogrid apertures. Then, they accumulate in a specific area inside the folded geogrid; therefore, they cause small gaps that lead to the rotation of the strip footing in the soil at the foundation surface. In total, based on the results, the reinforced soil-footing systems with adequate folding geogrid layers behave much stiffer; thus, they can handle higher loads with lower settlement than those in planar reinforced soil. Additionally, the results show that the embedment depth and thickness of the folded geogrid are 0.41 and 0.2 of the footing widths, respectively. Consequently, the settlement rate is significantly reduced by increasing the number of folded geogrid layers. The findings revealed that the wraparound technique solution for reinforced cases considerably improves the bearing capacity, reduces settlement, and uses in tight bed spaces.
Reproductive Outcomes of Patients with Septate Uterus After Hysteroscopic Septoplasty: A Retrospective Study in Chinese Women
Authors: Lan Zhu , He Run , Zhou Shanshan , Xia Guangji , Long Ying , Fu Jing , Xi Mingrong , Ouyang Yunwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective

Septate uterus is the most common structural uterine anomaly, which is related to the adverse pregnancy outcomes in women of childbearing age. At present, there are still controversies about the surgical treatment of septate uterus both nationally and internationally. This article provides a retrospective review of hysteroscopic uterine septum resection performed in our hospital during recent years, focusing on the patients with recurrent miscarriage and infertility.
Methods

This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. Cases of women who underwent hysteroscopic septum resection at West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2014 to December 2019, retrieved through the medical record system, were divided into three groups: Group A was the recurrent miscarriage group, Group B had a history of pregnancy with spontaneous abortion once at most; Group C was the primary infertility group. Each patient was followed up by telephone about further pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth for at least 1 year.
Results

A total of 176 surgical patients were included in this study. The overall pregnancy rate increased from 65.91–77.27% after surgery, the live birth rate increased from 7.95–67.61%, and the spontaneous abortion rate decreased from 46.59–17.05%. The postoperative pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates in Group A were not significantly different from the other two groups, but the live birth rates were still significantly lower. For patients with complete uterine septum, the preoperative pregnancy rate was 54.84%, which was significantly lower than patients with partial uterine septum (71.93%). After hysteroscopic metroplasty, the pregnancy rate increased to 85.48% in patients with complete uterine septum, and 72.81% in the partial uterine septum group, but no statistical difference was observed.
Conclusions

After uterine septum resection, the overall pregnancy rate and live birth rate increased, and the spontaneous abortion rate decreased. However, the postoperative live birth rate and term delivery rate of RSA patients were significantly lower than other two groups. Patients with complete uterine septum may benefit more from surgery. The surgical indications should be carefully and strictly evaluated.
A Current Approach to Mean Temperature Trends and Relationships With Teleconnection Patterns in California (U.S.)
Authors: Pérez Alejandro González , Merino Ángel Penas , González Sara del Río , Estebán Ramón Álvarez 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research is to expand our knowledge of space-time evolution of mean temperatures at a regional level, for the whole California (United States) over 40 years. This study analyses the relationship between mean temperatures and teleconnection patterns with most influence on the Californian Climate. 170 meteorological stations were used with an observation period that ranged from 1980 to 2019. In order to evaluate the presence or absence of trends, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used. The slope was obtained with a modified Sen’s slope method. The homogeneity of the data from the selected stations was verified. To find out the relationships between temperature and a wide range of teleconnection patterns in California was performed a correlation analysis using the partial non-parametric Spearman Test at a 95% confidence level. Spatial analysis was achieved using Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK). During this period, the results show a positive and significant trend annually, monthly and seasonally. Both Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and West Pacific Oscillation (WPO) are related to temperatures in California State during the period studied.
Retiboletus Huanggangensis, A New Species of Retiboletus From China
Authors: Zhou Fan , Gao Yang , Song Hai-Yan , Hu Hai-Jing , Li Shuo-Xi , Liu Jin-Hao , Hu Dian-Ming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new species of the genus Retiboletus, Retiboletus huanggangensis, collected from Huanggang mountain, Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Yanshan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, China, is described based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), the translation elongation factor1-α gene (TEF1-α) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2) were used for phylogenetic analysis. Retiboletus huanggangensis is morphologically characterized by its white to grayish black to black pileus, white to pale yellow to black stipe, white to pale yellowish white hymenophore, white to grayish white or pale yellow context, prominently and coarsely reticulate over the upper 3/4 or overall, changing orange yellow to rusty yellow when its pileus injured. For phylogenetic analysis, the specimens from Huanggang mountain, grouped together with Retiboletus fuscus, but they have some morphological differences, Retiboletus fuscus has slightly narrower basidia, and pileipellis much narrower. Descriptions and hand drawings of the new species and comparisons with similar species are shown below.
Engineered E. coli for the targeted deposition of therapeutic payloads to sites of disease
Authors: Lynch Jason , González-Prieto Coral Coral , Reeves Analise , Powale Urmila , Godbole Neha , Tremblay Jacqueline , Schmidt Florian , Ploegh Hidde , Glickman Jonathan , Leong John , Shoemaker Charles , Garrett Wendy , LESSER CAMMIE 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
New drug platforms are needed which enable the directed delivery of therapeutics to sites of disease to maximize efficacy and limit off-target effects. Here, we report the development of PROT3EcT, commensal Escherichia coli engineered for the direct secretion of proteins into their surroundings. PROT3EcT are composed of four modular components: an E. coli chassis, a modified bacterial protein secretion system, a regulatable transcriptional activator, and a secretable therapeutic payload. PROT3EcT that secrete functional single-domain antibodies, nanobodies (Nb), stably colonize and maintain a functional secretion system within the intestines of mice. A single prophylactic dose of PROT3EcT that secretes a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) neutralizing Nb is sufficient to ablate TNF levels and prevent the development of injury and inflammation in a chemically-induced model of inflammatory bowel disease. This work lays the foundation for the development of PROT3EcT as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of at least gastrointestinal-based diseases.
High-Performance and Biodegradable Composites Based on Well-Characterized Cellulose and Poly (Butyleneadipate-Co-Terephthalate)
Authors: Jiang Guichang , Li Peipei , Qin Yiqing , Xu Qi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a flexible biodegradable polymer, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is used for packing. However, high cost and limited properties restrict its applications. Due to the hydrophobic nature of poly butylene terephthalate (PBAT), low mechanical properties are especially showed when PBAT and the hydrophilic nature of cellulose blend. Here, in order to increase the interfacial adhesion between cellulose and PBAT, the γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) was used as a reactive compatibilizer to modify cellulose. We demonstrate the method of one-step compounding and subsequent extrusion blowing, which is a simple and environmentally-friendly approach to fabricate a series of K-Cellulose/PBAT (KH560-Cellulose/PBAT) composites. The morphology and structure of the cellulose were measured by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Meanwhile, thermal analysis of the hybrids showed an improvement of the thermal stability of the composites upon increasing the silanized cellulose content. In addition, the barrier properties of films are measured by WVP and OP. Finally, after adding reactive compatibilizer KH560, mechanical properties testing of the samples showed considerable improvement with increasing the cellulose content. Therefore, the composites prepared with these enhanced properties have great potential as substitutes for traditional commodity polymers.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Thymocyte-Expressed Positive Selection-Associated Protein 1 (TESPA1) in Human Tumors
Authors: Liu Lingyu , Liu Yufei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Thymocyte-expressed positive selection-associated protein 1 (TESPA1) was identified playing a critical role responsible for T cell development in the thymus. Evidence has built the relationship between TESPA1 and cancers, but no pan-cancer analysis is available. Methods: We explored the expression patterns, prognostic values and immunological roles of TESPA1 across thirty-three cancers based on the datasets of TCGA and GEO via multiple databases and analysis tools, including Oncomine, TIMER 2, GEPIA 2, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, Prognoscan, UALCAN, cBioPortal web, STRING website, DNMIVD and GO/KEGG analysis. Results: We have demonstrated the different expression level of TESPA1 gene across pan-cancers and pathological stages. Furthermore, different expression level of TESPA1 gene correlated with prognosis of different cancer. A group of factors, such as DNA methylation, genetic alteration, protein phosphorylation and relevant cellular pathways are included differently compared with normal tissues, further related to prognosis. In addition, TESPA1 expression correlate positively with immune infiltrates, especially CD8 + T cells. Moreover, blood coagulation disorders were involved in the functional mechanisms of TESPA1. Conclusions: Our findings supported TESPA1 could serve as a pan-cancer prognostic and immune-related biomarker and play a vital role in tumorigenesis.
Identification Of Immune Networks Influenced By Mir-200c In IDH1-Mutant Lower-Grade Gliomas Using WGCNA
Authors: Duan Yunxia , Li Linan , Li Pengzhu , Duan Peng , Liu Hua , Gan Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors with a highly invasive nature and poor prognosis. Different stages of gliomas have distinct alterations in genome, genetic and epigenetic changes. Here, we performed enrichment analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq dataset to identify core genes and potential pathways involved in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant lower-grade gliomas (LGG). The IDH1-mutant LGG patients were found to frequently co-occur with abundant genetic alterations, surprisingly, the miR-200c/141 remain unchanged. Although located in close proximity, the expression level of miR-200c was more affected by methylation level and copy number variation than that of miR-141 in IDH1-mutant LGG. GO analysis indicated the high correlation between miR-200c and immune response. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that leukocyte activation, inflammatory response, lymphocyte activation and adaptive immune response were significantly up-regulated in miR-200c high-expression group. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that leukocyte activation, immune response, lymphocyte proliferation, cell-cell adhesion and other items were participants in IDH1-mutant LGG samples. Furthermore, WGCNA yielded 33 significant modules, including the yellow module which contains genes involved in the immune response. Taken together, these results proposed a promising new therapeutic strategy for treating LGG gliomas through a miR-200c-mediated immune response pathway.
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of 1,4,5-Triphenylimidazole‒Phenothiazine Fluorophores
Authors: Qian Long , Yang Hongyan , Zhao Yuling , Guo Yongchun , Yu Tianzhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two blue donor-acceptor fluorophores with 1,4,5-triphenylimidazole as the electron-transporting unit and phenothiazine as the hole-transporting unit were synthesized by grafting 1,4,5-triphenylimidazole moieties onto 3- and 3,7-position of the phenothiazine core and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their thermal stability, photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescence properties were systematically investigated. These compounds exhibit good thermal stability and show blue emission in dichloromethane solution and thin solid films. The solution-processed doped devices were fabricated by using these fluorophores as the emitting dopant in 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene host, in which the device fabricated from the fluorophore containing two 1,4,5-triphenylimidazole moieties exhibited blue emission with a luminance of 648 cd/m2 and external quantum efficiency of 1.48%.
Cystatin C: A Potential Predictor for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Community Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Dawei , Jiang Linglin , Ma Mengqing , Huang Wenjuan , Tan Yan , Ji Xiaobing , Pan Binbin , Wan Xin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and associated with poor prognosis. Cystatin C had been demonstrated to be a biomarker for the early detection AKI in in several other clinical settings. Therefore, in this study we evaluated whether AKI in patients with CAP could be well predicted by serum Cystatin C within 24 hours after admission.Methods: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate independent factors of AKI in patients with CAP. Prediction performance of all independent factors for AKI was measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs).Results: 2716 patients with CAP were eligible in this study, and 766 (28%) patients developed AKI. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, Cystatin C, albumin, uric acid, platelet count, white blood cell count, CURB-65 score, and acute respiratory failure were independent factors for AKI in patients with CAP. The maximum AUC was reported for serum Cystatin C within 24 hours after admission. Cystatin C had an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.79–0.83, P < 0.001) for predicting AKI, with an optimal cut-off value of 1.37 mg/L, computing 68% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 57% positive predictive value and 86% negative predictive value. In the stratification analyses, Cystatin C still had a good performance for predicting AKI in all the subgroups (AUCs: 0.69-0.84).Conclusions: The level of serum Cystatin C within 24 hours after admission appears to be a good biomarker for predicting of AKI in patients with CAP.