bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Predictors of Emergency Medical Services Utilisation by Patients Attending the Emergency Medicine Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Ravindra Prithvishree , Bhat Rachana , Karanth Nisarg , Wilson William , Lavanya B. N. , Umra Simran , Mahesh Shweta 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Establishment of strong emergency medical services (EMS) systems plays a pivotal role in reducing morbidity and mortality, especially in low and middle-income countries. We aimed to study the EMS utilization and resources available in the ambulances to deliver prehospital care among patients presenting to the Emergency Medicine Department in a tertiary care hospital in south India.

Methods:
Data regarding prehospital transport practices such as mode of arrival, utilization of EMS, resources available in the ambulance, presenting complaints, triage category, and demographic details were collected and analyzed. Subgroup analysis for time-sensitive complaints was done. Variables were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis to find the predictors of ambulance usage.

Results:
The study included 3935 patients. The most common time-sensitive complaints were trauma (17%) and chest pain (11.5%). The most preferred mode of transport was the personal vehicle (45.6%). 29.8% of patients arrived in the ambulance. 97.7% of ambulances were not Advanced Cardiac Life Support equipped and 87.1% did not have an accompanying health care provider. 64.5% inter-hospital patient transfers were through ambulance, 83.8% transfers were unaccompanied. Among patients with time-sensitive complaints, EMS utilization was inadequate (46.8% in acute coronary syndrome, 34% in trauma, and 56.5% in early acute ischemic stroke).

Conclusion:
There was underutilization of the EMS services. Majority of the ambulances were not adequately equipped/staffed to deliver prehospital interventions. Policies at national level are required to encourage EMS utilization by the public and urgent measures are needed to improve services provided by them.
A study of dermoscopy in patients of melasma in a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Puri Neerja , Gill Sukhpreet Kaur , Kumar Sumir , Brar B.K. , Chahal Anahita 
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study is to determine dermoscopic findings of melasma after evaluating them based upon clinical examination and to correlate each clinical picture with dermoscopic findings.

Materials and methods:
Various patients of melasma from December 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled from outpatient department. Detailed history was taken. The dermoscopic examination and photographic documentation of clinical as well as dermoscopic picture was done and findings were noted.

Results:
We enrolled 50 patients in study including 80% females and 20% males. Mean age of melasma in our study was 31.28 years. Mostly the patients were farmers and housewives with the most common precipitating factor being sun exposure. Twenty patients on clinical examination along with Wood’s lamp showed epidermal pattern, 18 patients showed mixed pattern, and 12 patients had dermal pattern. On dermoscopy, melasma showed perifollicular sparing in all patients (100%), but in 36 patients, along with perifollicular sparing, it also showed perifollicular pigmentation in some areas, granular pattern in 38 patients, globular pattern in 42 patients, blotches in 36 patients, telangiectasias in 30 patients, arcuate pattern in 32 patients, and annular in 12 patients. The frequency of findings was nearly similar in all three three types except for the arcuate pattern. In the dermal pattern, nearly 83% patients (P = 0.1) showed arcuate pattern as compared to 40% (P = 0.004) in epidermal pattern.

Limitations:
A larger sample size is required. Also, since a few of the patients were already on topical corticosteroids, it may have affected the dermoscopic findings.

Conclusion:
Dermoscopy is a noninvasive tool that can be used to diagnose and differentiate it from other disorders of hyperpigmentation, but it cannot be used to classify melasma into epidermal, dermal, or mixed pattern.
Hybrid assessment as a formative assessment tool for undergraduates in pathology
Authors: Sehgal Shivali , Khan Sabina , Husain Musharraf , Jetley Sujata 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The online portal has been a vital tool for both teaching as well as assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. While being the only safe option available during this period, online assessment has its own drawbacks. Students have access to their books as well as the internet; therefore, there is no regulation over plagiarism, compromising the reliability of the examination. On the other hand, traditional offline assessment, apart from issues of safety during the pandemic, also requires a substantial infrastructure.

Aims:
The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using a hybrid assessment method-an online examination in an offline setting-with the aim of compensating the shortcomings of both type of assessments and evaluating its potential as a formative assessment tool.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted over a period of 1 month in the Department of Pathology of a Medical College of New Delhi. A batch of 100 students belonging to the second professional MBBS were evaluated toward the end of their fifth semester.

Materials and Methods:
A blueprint of the online practical examination was prepared by the faculty, including the entire syllabus. The assessments were conducted 4 times for a batch of 25 students at a time. Students were called on the day of their assessment with their mobile phones, and the test was sent through Google forms. At the end of the examination, a quick evaluation of the result was done question wise and the faculty gave detailed feedback discussing the results. Following this, the students were asked to fill out an online feedback form to gather their perceptions regarding hybrid assessment.

Results:
Most of the students considered hybrid practical assessment to be a better mode than conventional practical assessment, and the majority thought that this mode can be useful for final exam preparation and should be conducted more frequently. Most of the students were satisfied with the time given for answering the questions as well as with the difficulty level of the questions, and felt that the syllabus was appropriately covered. However, a few students faced problems such as Internet connectivity and form reloading issues.

Conclusions:
A hybrid assessment method that is conducting an “on campus” online examination can be effective mode of conducting regular formative assessments. It has the advantage of requiring minimal infrastructure as well as examination faculty.
Analysis of issues in gate recess etching in the InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT manufacturing process
Authors: Min Byoung‐Gue , Lee Jong‐Min , Yoon Hyung Sup , Chang Woo‐Jin , Park Jong‐Yul , Kang Dong Min , Chang Sung‐Jae , Jung Hyun‐Wook 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have developed an InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor device fabrication process where the gate length can be tuned within the range of 0.13 μm–0.16 μm to suit the intended application. The core processes are a two‐step electron‐beam lithography process using a three‐layer resist and gate recess etching process using citric acid. An electron‐beam lithography process was developed to fabricate a T‐shaped gate electrode with a fine gate foot and a relatively large gate head. This was realized through the use of three‐layered resist and two‐step electron beam exposure and development. Citric acid‐based gate recess etching is a wet etching, so it is very important to secure etching uniformity and process reproducibility. The device layout was designed by considering the electrochemical reaction involved in recess etching, and a reproducible gate recess etching process was developed by finding optimized etching conditions. Using the developed gate electrode process technology, we were able to successfully manufacture various monolithic microwave integrated circuits, including low noise amplifiers that can be used in the 28 GHz to 94 GHz frequency range.
Development of Story Books Containing MELESAT (Mathematics, Existence, Literacy, Engineering, Science, Art, Technology) to Improve Literacy Skills among Group B of Early Childhood Education
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Hasibuan Rachma , Fitri Ruqoyyah , Pratiwi Ajeng Putri , Putri Andy Ledy Permata 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a storybook containing Mathematics, Existence, Literacy, Engineering, Science, Art, Technology (MELESAT) to improve literacy skills among group B of early childhood education and to test the feasibility of designing a storybook containing MELESAT. This type of research is a Research and Development with Pretest - Posttest One Group Design, using the ADDIE model which includes five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluate. Subjects are children aged 5-6 years, including group B early childhood education totally 20. The instrument used a validation questionnaire and literacy tests. Results of this research indicate that the validation of the material obtained 3.04 of 4, validation of book design obtained 2.55 of 4 and validation of the media obtained 2.89 of 4. The effectiveness based on giving pretest and posttest to students totaled 20 subjects. The results showed that the pre-test score of 57% was developing as expected, and 43% was starting to develop. Post-test scores showed 7.5% progressed beyond expectations, 87.5% progressed as expected, and 5% started to develop. Through the content, design, and use of MELESAT books, there is an increase of literacy skills of children aged 5-6 years including group B early childhood education.
Analisis Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Eveline Erlin , Suparno Suparno 
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The objective of this research was to measure higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of Senior High School students in Pontianak. The steps in this study include: defining HOTS, determining the measured HOTS aspects and developing the HOTS test instrument, conducting research by giving HOTS questions to 272 senior high school students in Pontianak, and analyzing the students' HOTS as a whole and based on HOTS aspects. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The instrument of the test developed based on two HOTS aspects, namely: analyze and evaluate. The results showed that the percentage of HOTS class XI students in Pontianak for the categories "very-good", "good", "adequate" and "less" were 0%, 11%, 19.5%, and 69.5%, respectively. The highest percentage is in the "less" category so that the majority of HOTS high school students in Pontianak City are in the "poor" category. The average score of each aspect is in the "fair" category. Students' HOTS still needs to be improved. Learning focuses on developing student HOTS must be applied at every level of education. Keywords: Higher-order thinking skills, senior high schoolAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur higher order thinking skills (HOTS) atau keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di kota Pontianak. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini meliputi: mendefinisikan HOTS, menentukan aspek HOTS yang diukur dan mengembangkan instrumen tes HOTS, melaksanakan penelitian dengan memberikan soal HOTS kepada 272 siswa SMA di Pontianak, dan menganalisis HOTS siswa secara keseluruhan dan berdasarkan aspek HOTS. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Instrumen tes dikembangkan berdasarkan dua aspek HOTS yaitu: menganalisis dan mengevaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase HOTS siswa kelas XI di Kota Pontianak untuk kategori “sangat baik”, “baik”, “cukup” dan “kurang” berturut-turut adalah 0%, 11%, 19,5%, dan 69,5%. Persentase paling besar berada pada kategori “kurang” sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa mayoritas HOTS siswa SMA di Kota Pontianak pada kategori kurang. Hasil analisis setiap aspek menunjukkan rata-rata skor HOTS siswa dalam kategori “cukup”. HOTS siswa masih perlu ditingkatkan. Pembelajaran yang berfokus mengembangkan HOTS siswa harus diterapkan pada setiap jenjang pendidikan.Kata-kata kunci: Keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, sekolah menengah atas
Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses dalam Pemecahan Masalah Siswa
Authors: Nurhayati Neti , Permatasari Rindah , Saputro Eko Fery Haryadi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract: This study aims to improve student learning outcomes and find out the effect of the Process Skills model Prediction, Observation, Explanation (POE) model on problem-solving of grade 8th students of MTS Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh in oscillations. The research method used is an experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research was conducted in 4 meetings, with 24 students of class VIII B of MTs Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh. The data collection instrument was carried out by testing the students' cognitive abilities in the form of pretest and posttest essays, observation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The results showed that: There was an increase in student learning outcomes in physics learning with an average increase of 55.28 with the lowest score of 40, and the highest score of 100. Keywords: learning outcomes, process skills, POE modelAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan melihat pengaruh penerapan Keterampilan Proses Model Prediction, Observation, Explaination (POE) terhadap pemecahan masalah pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh pada materi getaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 4 kali pertemuan, dengan jumlah siswa kelas VIII B MTs Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh sebanyak 24 siswa. Instrument pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes kemampuan kognitif siswa berupa soal esai pretest dan postest, lembar observasi, dan angket respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran fisika dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 55,28 dengan nilai terendah 40, dan nilai tertinggi adalah 100.Kata-kata kunci: pembelajaran fisika, keterampilan proses, model POE
Instrumen Penilaian Kemampuan Literasi Sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge pada Materi Asam Basa
Authors: Apsari Nurul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The right assessment instrument will result in the right measurement of scientific literacy ability as well. The research objective is to design an instrument for assessing scientific literacy skills based on Indigenous Knowledge. The design is carried out to produce an assessment instrument that can measure scientific literacy skills by relating it to aspects of Indigenous Knowledge. The method used is the Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). The first stage is content structure analysis which consists of syllabus analysis, content analysis, context analysis, preparation of question grids and preparation of questions and the second stage is conducting empirical investigations. The data collection technique was non-test with the research instrument using a question validation sheet (scale 1-5). The data analysis technique used the Aiken's V formula. The results obtained 6 scientific literacy questions based on Indigenous Knowledge with valid categories and 4 scientific literacy questions based on Indigenous Knowledge with medium categories. The overall average value of V is 0.86 with a valid category.Keywords: Assessment instruments, scientific literacy, indigenous knowledge Abstrak: Instrumen penilaian yang tepat akan menghasilkan pengukuran kemampuan literasi sains yang tepat pula. Tujuan Penelitian adalah melakukan perancangan instrumen penilaian kemampuan literasi sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge. Perancangan dilakukan untuk menghasilkan instrumen penilaian yang dapat mengukur kemampuan literasi sains dengan mengaitkannya dengan aspek Indigenous Knowledge. Metode yang digunakan adalah Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). Tahapan pertama adalah analisis struktur konten yang terdiri dari analisis silabus, analisis konten, analisis konteks, penyusunan kisi-kisi soal dan penyusunan soal dan tahap kedua adalah melakukan penyelidikan empirik. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah non tes dengan instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar validasi soal (skala 1-5). Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus Aiken’s V. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 soal literasi sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge dengan kategori valid dan 4 soal literasi sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge dengan kategori sedang. Rata-rata nilai V secara keseluruhan adalah 0,86 dengan kategori valid.Kata-kata kunci: Instrumen penilaian, literasi sains, indigenous knowledge
Imunitas dan profil hematologi ayam persilangan pada pemberian protein pakan dan akses kandang pemeliharaan yang berbeda
Authors: Tri Hertamawati Rosa , Prasetyo Budi , Suryadi Ujang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the immunity and haematological profile of crossbreeds between Bangkok chickens and laying hens reared with access to indoor or outdoor cages and different dietary proteins. A total of 200 crossbreed chickens were randomly divided into 2 treatment factors, the first factor was the cage (A) (Indoor and Outdoor access) and the second factor was feed (B) (17% and 22% protein content). Each treatment had 5 replications; each replication consisted of 10 chickens. Observations were made on the relative weights of the bursa, thymus and spleen as well as the blood profile and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/L). The results showed that feed and cages had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the relative weight of the bursa fabricius, the relative weight of the thymus and the relative weight of the spleen, while the interaction between feed and cage could affect the relative weight of the spleen. The haematological profile also did not show any difference due to the treatment of different feed protein content and cage access (p>0.05). These results indicate crossed chickens can adapt to indoor or outdoor cages with a minimum of 17% protein.
Keywords: Crossbreed local chickens; Percentage comparison of heterophils and lymphocytes; Relative weight of the spleen; The bursa fabricius; Thymus

Abstrak
Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mempelajari imunitas profil hematologi dan ayam persilangan ayam Bangkok dan ayam Ras petelur yang dipelihara dengan akses kandang indoor atau outdoor dan kandungan protein pakan berbeda. Sebanyak 200 ekor ayam silangan secara acak dibagi dalam 2 faktor perlakuan, faktor pertama adalah kandang (A) (akses indoor dan outdoor) dan faktor kedua pakan (B) (kandungan protein 17% dan 22%). Setiap perlakuan terdapat 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor ayam. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap bobot bursa fabrisius, timus, limpa dan profil darah serta rasio heterofil-limfosit (H/L). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pakan dan kandang tidak berpengaruh secara nyata (P>0,05) pada bobot relatif bursa fabrisius, bobot relatif timus dan bobot relatif limpa sedangkan interaksi antara pakan dan kandang mampu mempengaruhi bobot relatif limpa. Profil hematologi juga tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan akibat perlakuan kandungan protein pakan dan akses kandang yang berbeda (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan gambaran darah dan organ limfoid, ayam hasil persilangan dapat beradaptasi dengan kandang indoor maupun outdoor dengan pemberian protein minimal 17%.
Kata kunci: Ayam lokal persilangan;, Bobot relatif limpa; Bursa fabrisius; Perbandingan persentase heterofil dan limfosit; Timus
Innovative energy sources for Hyperloop high-speed transport
Authors: Kim K. K. , Panychev A. Yu. , Blazhko L. S. 
Published: November 2022

This article describes an innovative design of a solar-wind generator for a distributed energy Hyperloop high-speed system. The knowhow of this development is to mount ﬂexible silicon solar panels (SP) on wind turbine blades, thus optimizing the thermal efﬁciency of solar panels. The basic dimensions of the wind turbine blades and the maximum internal ﬂow velocities at the blade outlet (tips) are presented. At low wind velocities, it is rational to locate solar panels on the outer end (or the tip) of a blade, rather than along the blade length.The cooling effect can be increased by using materials with low thermal resistance for the SP and blades, or by reducing their thickness.To increase the heat transfer coefﬁcient, it is recommended to use the airﬂow turbulence on the solar panel surface. In practice, this can be achieved both by changing the operating parameters and by introducing innovative design solutions.For better cooling of solar panels, it is recommended to use the technology of a wind ﬂow sucked into the blade inner cavity. Changing the geometry of the outer end (tip) of the blades and the use of deﬂectors also give a better panel cooling parameters.
Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología para el tratamiento de las vasculitis asociadas a ANCA
Authors: Babini Alejandra , Magri Sebastián , Kostianovsky Alex , Pena Claudi , Scolnik Marina , Zamora Natalia , Acosta Felquer María Laura , Carlevaris Leandro , Scarafia Santiago , Vergara Facundo , Bartel Guillermo , Brigante Alejandro , Caicedo Correa Oscar Andrés , Gandino Ignacio , Laborde Hugo , Lloves Schenone Nicolás , Orden Alberto , Pérez Nicolás , Scaglioni Valeria 
Published: November 2022

Las vasculitis asociadas a ANCA representan un grupo de enfermedades autoinmunes, multisistémicas, que afectan principalmente a los vasos de pequeño calibre, pudiendo comprometer el tracto respiratorio superior e inferior, el aparato otorrinolaringológico, riñón y piel, aunque eventualmente cualquier órgano puede estar involucrado. Son enfermedades con potencial y severo compromiso de órganos y elevada morbimortalidad.
El objetivo de estas guías fue desarrollar las primeras recomendaciones argentinas para su tratamiento, basadas en la revisión de la literatura mediante metodología GRADE. Un panel de expertos en vasculitis elaboró las preguntas en formato PICO (población, intervención, comparador y outcomes), y luego un panel de expertos en metodología efectuó la revisión de la bibliografía con la extracción de la evidencia para cada una de las preguntas. Se realizó un focus group de pacientes para conocer sus preferencias y experiencias. Finalmente, con la información recabada, el panel de expertos en vasculitis procedió a la votación de las recomendaciones que a continuación se presentan.