bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transanal versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer (Ta-LaTME study): multicentre, randomized, open-label trial
Authors: Serra-Aracil Xavier , Zarate Alba , Bargalló Josep , Gonzalez Anna , Serracant Anna , Roura Jordi , Delgado Salvadora , Mora-López Laura ,   Ta-LaTME study Group, Serra-Aracil Xavier , Zarate Alba , Gonzalez Anna , Pallisera-Lloveras Anna , Garcia-Nalda Albert , Rebasa-Cladera Pere , Ballesteros Eva , Pericay Carlos , Navarro-Soto Salvador , Mora-López Laura , Serra-Pla Sheila , Bargalló Josep , Serracant Anna , Cayetano Ladislao , Lamas Susana , Roura Jordi , Bonfill Joan , Delgado Salvadora , Pando J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that tries to avoid conversion to open surgery. However, specific intraoperative complications and local recurrences have cast some doubt on the suitability of the technique. The primary endpoint of the present study was a composite outcome of conversion surgery. Secondary objectives were to assess postoperative recovery, and pathological and oncological outcomes.

Methods
This was a prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled open-label study of patients diagnosed with mid and low rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent laparoscopic TaTME or laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME). The TaTME technique comprised intracorporeal resection and anastomosis. Main outcomes were conversion to open surgery. Secondary outcomes were postoperative morbidity, mortality, pathological, oncological results, and survival. Modified intention-to-treat (mITT) and per-protocol analyses were performed.

Results
The study was conducted between April 2015 and May 2021. Patients were randomized to the LaTME (57 patients) or TaTME (59) group. Fifty patients from the LaTME group and 55 from the TaTME group were eligible for mITT analysis. The procedure was converted to open surgery in 11 patients (11 per cent): 10 (20 per cent) in the LaTME group and 1 (2 per cent) in the laparoscopic TaTME group (difference 18.8, 95 per cent c.i. 30 to 7; P = 0.003). No significant differences were found in terms of postoperative recovery and morbidity at 30 days; nor were there significant differences in anastomotic leakage, although it was less common in laparoscopic TaTME. With a median follow-up of 39 months, there were three instances of local recurrence (6.1 per cent) in the LaTME group and one (1.8 per cent) in the laparoscopic TaTME group (95 per cent c.i. 60 to 69; P = 0.3). Registration number: NCT02550769 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

Conclusion
The conversion rate was significantly lower in laparoscopic TaTME than in LaTME. At centres with experienced surgeons, laparoscopic TaTME can avoid conversion to open surgery.
Temporal mirror-symmetry in functional signals recorded from rat barrel cortex with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chiu Kai-Shih , Tanifuji Manabu , Sun Chia-Wei , Rajagopalan Uma Maheswari , Nakamichi Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFunctional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) detects activity-dependent light scattering changes in micro-structures of neural tissue, drawing attention as in vivo volumetric functional imaging technique at a sub-columnar level. There are 2 plausible origins for the light scattering changes: (i) hemodynamic responses such as changes in blood volume and in density of blood cells and (ii) reorientation of dipoles in cellular membrane. However, it has not been clarified which is the major contributor to fOCT signals. Furthermore, previous studies showed both increase and decrease of reflectivity as fOCT signals, making interpretation more difficult. We proposed combination of fOCT with Fourier imaging and adaptive statistics to the rat barrel cortex. Active voxels revealed barrels elongating throughout layers with mini-columns in superficial layers consistent with physiological studies, suggesting that active voxels revealed by fOCT reflect spatial patterns of activated neurons. These voxels included voxels with negative changes in reflectivity and those with positive changes in reflectivity. However, they were temporally mirror-symmetric, suggesting that they share common sources. It is hard to explain that hemodynamic responses elicit positive signals in some voxels and negative signals in the other. On the other hand, considering membrane dipoles, polarities of OCT signals can be positive and negative depending on orientations of scattering particles relative to the incident light. Therefore, the present study suggests that fOCT signals are induced by the reorientation of membrane dipoles.
Dysregulation of AMPK-mTOR signaling leads to comorbid anxiety inDip2aKO mice
Authors: Ma Jun , Li Kai , Sun Xue , Liang Jia-Nan , An Xian-Quan , Tian Meng , Li Jing , Yan Fang , Yin Yue , Yang Ying-Ao , Chen Fei-Yang , Zhang Lu-Qing , He Xiao-Xiao , He Zi-Xuan , Guo Wei-Xiang , Zhu Xiao-Juan , Yu Hua-Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutism is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown that Dip2a knockout (KO) induces autism-like behaviors in mice. However, the role of Dip2a in other psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In this paper, we revealed that Dip2a KO mice had comorbid anxiety. Dip2a KO led to a reduction in the dendritic length of cortical and hippocampal excitatory neurons. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that AMPK was overactivated and suppressed the mTOR cascade, contributing to defects in dendritic morphology. Deletion of Dip2a in adult-born hippocampal neurons (Dip2a conditional knockout (cKO)) increased susceptibility to anxiety upon acute stress exposure. Application of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), an inhibitor of mTOR, rescued anxiety-like behaviors in Dip2a KO and Dip2a cKO mice. In addition, 6 weeks of high-fat diet intake alleviated AMPK-mTOR signaling and attenuated the severity of anxiety in both Dip2a KO mice and Dip2a cKO mice. Taken together, these results reveal an unrecognized function of DIP2A in anxiety pathophysiology via regulation of AMPK-mTOR signaling.
Deaf Children’s Engagement with American Sign Language-English Bilingual Storybook Apps
Authors: Herzig Melissa , Allen Thomas E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Design features of American Sign Language (ASL)-English bilingual storybook apps on the tablet computers, based on learning research, are intended to facilitate independent and interactive learning of English print literacy and of ASL skill among young learners. In 2013, the Science of Learning Center on Visual Language and Visual Learning introduced the first in a series of storybook apps for the iPad based on literacy and reading research. The current study, employing a sample of signing deaf children examined children’s self-motivated engagement with the various design features presented in the earliest of the apps, The Baobab, and analyzed the relationships of engagement with ASL skill and age of first exposure to ASL, ASL narrative ability, and grade-appropriate English reading ability. Results indicated a robust level of engagement with the app, and a relationship between app pages specifically targeting reading and early exposure and skill levels in ASL. No evidence of relationships between narrative and vocabulary skills and app reading engagement was found. Topics for future research, and strategies for app improvement are discussed.
Wheat NAM genes regulate the majority of early monocarpic senescence transcriptional changes including nitrogen remobilization genes
Authors: Andleeb Tayyaba , Knight Emilie , Borrill Philippa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Senescence enables the remobilization of nitrogen and micronutrients from vegetative tissues of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into the grain. Understanding the molecular players in this process will enable the breeding of wheat lines with tailored grain nutrient content. The NAC transcription factor NAM-B1 is associated with earlier senescence and higher levels of grain protein, iron, and zinc contents due to increased nutrient remobilization. To investigate how related NAM genes control nitrogen remobilization at the molecular level, we carried out a comparative transcriptomic study using flag leaves at 7 time points (3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 19, and 26 days after anthesis) in wild type and NAM RNA interference lines with reduced NAM gene expression. Approximately 2.5 times more genes were differentially expressed in wild type than NAM RNA interference plants during this early senescence time course (6,508 vs 2,605 genes). In both genotypes, differentially expressed genes were enriched for gene ontology terms related to photosynthesis, hormones, amino acid transport, and nitrogen metabolism. However, nitrogen metabolism genes including glutamine synthetase (GS1 and GS2), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and asparagine synthetase (ASN1) showed stronger or earlier differential expression in wild-type than in NAM RNA interference plants, consistent with higher nitrogen remobilization. The use of time course data identified the dynamics of NAM-regulated and NAM-independent gene expression changes during senescence and provides an entry point to functionally characterize the pathways regulating senescence and nutrient remobilization in wheat.
Genome of the endangered Guatemalan Beaded Lizard, Heloderma charlesbogerti, reveals evolutionary relationships of squamates and declines in effective population sizes
Authors: Dyson Carl J , Pfennig Aaron , Ariano-Sánchez Daniel , Lachance Joseph , Mendelson III Joseph R , Goodisman Michael A D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many lizard species face extinction due to worldwide climate change. The Guatemalan Beaded Lizard, Heloderma charlesbogerti, is a member of the Family Helodermatidae that may be particularly imperiled; fewer than 600 mature individuals are believed to persist in the wild. In addition, H. charlesbogerti lizards are phenotypically remarkable. They are large in size, charismatically patterned, and possess a venomous bite. Here, we report the draft genome of the Guatemalan Beaded Lizard using DNA from a wild-caught individual. The assembled genome totals 2.31 Gb in length, similar in size to the genomes of related species. Single-copy orthologs were used to produce a novel molecular phylogeny, revealing that the Guatemalan Beaded Lizard falls into a clade with the Asian Glass Lizard (Anguidae) and in close association with the Komodo Dragon (Varanidae) and the Chinese Crocodile Lizard (Shinisauridae). In addition, we identified 31,411 protein-coding genes within the genome. Of the genes identified, we found 504 that evolved with a differential constraint on the branch leading to the Guatemalan Beaded Lizard. Lastly, we identified a decline in the effective population size of the Guatemalan Beaded Lizard approximately 400,000 years ago, followed by a stabilization before starting to dwindle again 60,000 years ago. The results presented here provide important information regarding a highly endangered, venomous reptile that can be used in future conservation, functional genetic, and phylogenetic analyses.
The GARP complex is required for filamentation in Candida albicans
Authors: Hossain Saif , Robbins Nicole , Cowen Leah E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes superficial infections in immunocompetent individuals, as well as life-threatening systemic disease in immunocompromised patients. A key virulence trait of this pathogen is its ability to transition between yeast and filamentous morphologies. A functional genomic screen to identify novel regulators of filamentation previously revealed VPS53 as being important for morphogenesis. Vps53 belongs to the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex, which mediates retrograde trafficking from the endosome to the trans-Golgi network. Here, we explored the role of the entire GARP complex in regulating morphogenesis. Deletion of any of the four genes encoding GARP complex subunits severely impaired filamentation in response to diverse filament-inducing cues, including upon internalization by macrophages. Genetic pathway analysis revealed that while hyperactivation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is insufficient to drive filamentation in GARP complex mutants, these strains are capable of filamentation upon overexpression of transcriptional activators or upon deletion of transcriptional repressors of hyphal morphogenesis. Finally, compromise of the GARP complex induced lipotoxicity, and pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis phenocopied genetic compromise of the GARP complex by impairing filamentation. Together, this work identifies the GARP complex as an important mediator of filamentation in response to multiple inducing cues, maps genetic circuitry important for filamentation upon compromise of GARP function, and supports a model whereby GARP deficiency impairs lipid homeostasis, which is important for supporting filamentous growth in C. albicans.
Associations of Religious Service Attendance With Cognitive Function in Midlife: Findings From The CARDIA Study
Authors: Nelson Isabel S , Kezios Katrina , Elbejjani Martine , Lu Peiyi , Yaffe Kristine , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Growing evidence suggests that religiosity is an important social determinant of health, including cognitive health. Yet most prior work focused on older adults or was conducted in racially and denominationally homogeneous regional samples. This study investigates the association of religious service attendance in midlife with cognitive function later in midlife.

Methods
Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a racially and geographically diverse prospective cohort study, we explored the association of religious service attendance in midlife with cognitive function 5 years later. Cognitive function was measured using four cognitive tests administered by CARDIA technicians. Multivariable linear regression was used for analyses. Primary analyses controlled for sociodemographics, physical health, depression, and prior religious involvement. Sensitivity analyses additionally controlled for baseline cognition and social support.

Results
Our study population included 2,716 participants (57.2% female, 44.9% Black, and mean age 50). In primary analyses, attending services more than weekly (compared to never) in midlife was associated with better global cognition (β = 0.14 standard deviations, 95% [confidence interval] CI = 0.02, 0.26) and verbal memory (β = 0.17 standard deviations, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.30), but not with processing speed (β = 0.04 standard deviations, 95% CI = −0.08, 0.16). A reverse association was observed with executive function (β = −0.16 standard deviations, 95% CI = −0.30, −0.02). Most findings persisted in analyses accounting for loss to follow-up via inverse probability weighting.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that frequent involvement in religious services at midlife is associated with better global cognition and verbal memory but worse executive function. There was no association with processing speed.
Combining different 3-D global and regional seismic wave propagation solvers towards box tomography in the deep Earth
Authors: Adourian S , Lyu C , Masson Y , Munch F , Romanowicz B 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
In previous publications, we presented a general framework, which we called ‘box tomography’, that allows the coupling of any two different numerical seismic wave propagation solvers, respectively outside and inside a target region, or ‘box’. The goal of such hybrid wavefield computations is to reduce the cost of computations in the context of full-waveform inversion for structure within the target region, when sources and/or receivers are located at large distances from the box. Previously, we had demonstrated this approach with sources and receivers outside the target region in a 2-D acoustic spherical earth model, and demonstrated and applied this methodology in the 3-D spherical elastic Earth in a continental scale inversion in which all stations were inside the target region. Here we extend the implementation of the approach to the case of a 3-D global elastic earth model in the case where both sources and stations are outside the box. We couple a global 3-D solver, SPECFEM3D_GLOBE, for the computation of the wavefield and Green’s functions in a reference 3-D model, with a regional 3-D solver, RegSEM, for the computation of the wavefield within the box, by means of time-reversal mirrors. We briefly review key theoretical aspects, showing in particular how only the displacement is needed to be stored at the boundary of the box. We provide details of the practical implementation, including the geometrical design of the mirrors, how we deal with different sizes of meshes in the two solvers, and how we address memory-saving through the use of B-spline compression of the recorded wavefield on the mirror. The proposed approach is numerically efficient but also versatile, since adapting it to other solvers is straightforward and does not require any changes in the solver codes themselves, as long as the displacement can be recovered at any point in time and space. We present benchmarks of the hybrid computations against direct computations of the wavefield between a source and an array of stations in a realistic geometry centred in the Yellowstone region, with and without a hypothetical plume within the ‘box’, and with a 1-D or a 3-D background model, down to a period of 20 s. The ultimate goal of this development is for applications in the context of imaging of remote target regions in the deep mantle, such as, for example, Ultra Low Velocity Zones.
Localization Properties of High-Energy Eigenfunctions on Flat Tori
Authors: Enciso Alberto , García-Ruiz Alba , Peralta-Salas Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider the question of when the Laplace eigenfunctions on an arbitrary flat torus ${\mathbb {T}}_\Gamma :={\mathbb {R}}^d/\Gamma $ are flexible enough to approximate, over the natural length scale of order $1/\sqrt \lambda $ where $\lambda \gg 1$ is the eigenvalue, an arbitary solution of the Helmholtz equation $\Delta h + h=0$ on ${\mathbb {R}}^d$. This problem is motivated by the fact that, by the asymptotics for the local Weyl law, “approximate Laplace eigenfunctions” do have this approximation property on any compact Riemannian manifold. What we find is that the answer depends solely on the arithmetic properties of the spectrum. Specifically, recall that the eigenvalues of ${\mathbb {T}}_\Gamma $ are of the form $\lambda _k=Q_\Gamma (k)$, where $Q_\Gamma $ is a quadratic form and $k\in {\mathbb {Z}}^d$. Our main result is that the eigenfunctions of ${\mathbb {T}}_\Gamma $ have the desired approximation property if and only if $Q_\Gamma $ is a multiple of a quadratic form with integer coefficients. In particular, the set of lattices $\Gamma $ for which this approximation property holds has measure zero but includes all rational lattices. A consequence of this fact is that when $Q_\Gamma $ is a multiple of a quadratic form with integer coefficients, Laplace eigenfunctions exhibit an extremely flexible behavior over scales of order $1/\sqrt \lambda $. In particular, there are eigenfunctions of arbitrarily high energy that exhibit nodal components diffeomorphic to any compact hypersurface of diameter $O(1/\sqrt \lambda )$.
Application of therapeutic drug monitoring to the treatment of bacterial central nervous system infection: a scoping review
Authors: Arkell Paul , Wilson Richard , Watkins Killian , Antcliffe David B , Gilchrist Mark , Wilson Mark , Rawson Timothy M , Holmes Alison 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Bacterial central nervous system (CNS) infection is challenging to treat and carries high risk of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Low CNS penetration of antibiotics may contribute to poor clinical outcomes from bacterial CNS infections. The current application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to management of bacterial CNS infection was reviewed.

Methods
Studies were included if they described adults treated for a suspected/confirmed bacterial CNS infection and had antibiotic drug concentration(s) determined that affected individual treatment.

Results
One-hundred-and-thirty-six citations were retrieved. Seventeen manuscripts were included describing management of 68 patients. TDM for vancomycin (58/68) and the beta-lactams (29/68) was most common. Timing of clinical sampling varied widely between studies and across different antibiotics. Methods for setting individual PK-PD targets, determining parameters and making treatment changes varied widely and were sometimes unclear.

Discussion
Despite increasing observational data showing low CNS penetration of various antibiotics, there are few clinical studies describing practical implementation of TDM in management of CNS infection. Lack of consensus around clinically relevant CSF PK-PD targets and protocols for dose-adjustment may contribute. Standardised investigation of TDM as a tool to improve treatment is required, especially as innovative drug concentration-sensing and PK-PD modelling technologies are emerging. Data generated at different centres offering TDM should be open access and aggregated to enrich understanding and optimize application.
Pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral therapy-naive adults in Eastern Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ntamatungiro Alex J , Kagura Juliana , Weisser Maja , Francis Joel M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) may result in increased risk of virological failure and acquisition of new resistance mutations. With recently increasing ART coverage and periodic modifications of the guidelines for HIV treatment, there is a need for an updated systematic review to assess the levels of the PDR among adults newly initiating ART in Eastern Africa.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 30 April 2022 in the MEDLINE Complete and CINAHL Complete, searched simultaneously using EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. To determine the overall PDR prevalence estimates, we extracted data from eligible articles and analysed prevalence estimates using Stata 14.2.

Results
A total of 22 eligible observation studies were selected. The studies included a total of 5852 ART-naive people living with HIV. The overall pooled prevalence of PDR was 10.0% (95% CI: 7.9%–12.0%, I2 = 88.9%) and 9.4% (95% CI: 7.0%–11.9%, I2 = 90.4%) for NNRTIs, 2.6% (95% CI: 1.8%–3.4%, I2 = 69.2%) for NRTIs and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3%–1.2%, I2 = 29.0%) for PIs. No major integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI)-related mutations were identified.

Conclusions
We observed a moderate overall PDR prevalence among new ART initiators in this study. PDR to NNRTIs is more prevalent, underscoring the importance of the current WHO recommendation for replacement of NNRTIs by INSTIs. PDR to NRTIs was low but notable, which warrants continuous surveillance of pre-existing resistance to the dolutegravir co-administered NRTI in Eastern Africa.
Practical Steps to Writing a Scientific Manuscript
Authors: Grimm Lars J , Harvey Jennifer A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Writing a scientific manuscript can be a very intimidating process for new writers. However, writing a scientific research article can be broken down into discrete steps to make the process more digestible. Radiology manuscripts have common conventions that differ from research in technical and other medical fields. The practical steps summarized within describe what to do before you start writing, successful writing strategies, and common writing styles. Templates for producing an abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion are outlined, along with tips to collect references and produce high quality figures. All writers can benefit from an outside writing perspective, and the practical steps described should ease the transition from a blank page to a finished manuscript.