bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive assessment of the physiological role of leaf aerenchyma in Hippeastrum Herb. and its relation to plant water status
Authors: Cabrita Paulo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
The leaf patch clamp pressure probe combined with gas exchange measurements provides a non-invasive approach for measuring leaf aerenchyma pressure and study its physiological role in plants.

Abstract
The non-invasive leaf patch clamp pressure probe (LPCP) measures the output pressure, Pp, in response to the pressure applied by two magnets clamped to a leaf. In many plant species, it has been observed that the diel pattern of Pp follows the changes in the leaf turgor pressure reversely. The genus Hippeastrum comprises 143 species and many hybrids and cultivars of high economic value within Amaryllidaceae. Their leaves are characterized by the presence of aerenchyma composed of lacunae, running throughout the leaf and composing most of the mesophyll volume. In Hippeastrum, the diel changes of the LPCP output pressure are the reverse of that observed on the air pressure in the leaf aerenchyma, Pa, which depends on the changes in the leaf vapor pressure occurring during photosynthesis. A theoretical model is proposed and confirmed experimentally by LPCP and gas exchange measurements. The output pressure, Pp, in Hippeastrum can be related to the plant water status through the gas exchange processes that occur during photosynthesis. Considering the natural habitats of Hippeastrum species, these results agree with the physiological role of leaf aerenchyma in facilitating gas transport and light scattering in leaves, thus contributing to the photosynthetic efficiency of these plants under adverse environments. A second, but supplemental, interpretation of the LPCP output pressure, Pp, when applied on species in which the aerenchyma constitutes most of the mesophyll volume is presented.
Optimization of whole-cell vaccines with CpG/αOX40/cGAMP to strengthen the anti-tumor response of CD4+ T cells in melanomas
Authors: Du Xuedan , Wu Jinting , Zhao Ye , Wang Bin , Ding Xiaobo , Lin Qiuyan , Chen Yingyu , Zhao Jinduo , Liu Lixiao , Mao Xiaolu , Fang Zhen , Zhang Chunhong , Li Wenfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethodsIn this study, we developed a strategy for the prevention and therapy of melanoma using a whole-cell vaccine combined with a CpG/αOX40/cGAMP triple adjuvant. The CpG/αOX40/cGAMP triple adjuvant was used to co-culture melanoma cells in vitro to induce immunogenic death of tumor cells. The mixture of inactivated tumor cells and the triple drug was an optimized tumor whole-cell vaccine, which was injected subcutaneously into mice for tumor prevention and therapy. Furthermore, we analyzed the changes of immune cells in spleen and tumor by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and detected the changes of cytokines after vaccine application by cytometric bead array to explore the specific mechanism of vaccine.ResultsIn vaccine prevention and therapy experiments, it was observed that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the whole-cell vaccine group, and the survival time of mice was significantly prolonged. Flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in tumor of mice in vaccine group was higher than that in control group, especially the CD4+ T cells.ConclusionThe optimized vaccine has the unique ability to amplify tumor-specific CD4+ T cells, which improves antitumor sensitivity, and has a significant effect on the prevention and therapy of melanoma mice.
Klinische Ethik systemisch betrachtet – Vom Einfluss systemischer Grundannahmen und Methoden auf die Gestaltung einer effektiven Ethikberatung
Authors: Woellert Katharina 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungKrankenhäuser müssen sich an der ethischen Qualität ihrer Versorgung messen lassen. Es geht dabei um einen Zustand, in dem allgemein anerkannte moralische Normen in der Patient:innenversorgung konsequent berücksichtigt werden. Damit sind zwei Ebenen angesprochen: die der ethisch-normativen Deutung und die der Gestaltung intra- und interpersonaler Prozesse. Die Klinische Ethik ist die Disziplin, die in der Verbindung beider ihre zentrale Aufgabe sieht. Um sie zu erfüllen, muss Ethikarbeit auf der Basis komplexer Kompetenzen erfolgen. Neben fundiertem Ethikwissen ist das Beherrschen von geeigneten Methoden für die Steuerung solcher Prozesse eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Dazu aber ist die Studienlage vergleichsweise dünn. Die vorliegende Arbeit greift dieses Desiderat auf und geht dabei von der Hypothese aus, dass die Systemik einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer im obigen Sinne effektiven Ethikarbeit leisten kann. Die Darstellung gibt einen Einblick in das systemische Denken und diskutiert die Möglichkeiten, die systemisches Handwerkszeug für die Herausforderungen der Klinischen Ethik bereithält. Die Ausführungen laden dazu ein, über den Einfluss systemischer Grundannahmen und Methoden auf die Gestaltung einer effektiven Ethikarbeit nachzudenken. Darüber hinaus ruft dieser Beitrag dazu auf, die Beratungsmethodik als solche mehr in den Fokus zu rücken.
Serum S100B correlates with health-related quality of life and functional outcome in patients at 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Aineskog Helena , Johansson Conny , Nilsson Robert , Koskinen Lars-Owe D. , Lindvall Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Early, objective prognostication after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is difficult. A biochemical marker would be desirable. Correlation has been found between levels of the protein S100 beta (S100B) and outcome after aSAH. Timing and clinical usefulness are under investigation.

Methods
Eighty-nine patients admitted within 48 h of aSAH were included. Modified ranking scale (mRS), EuroQoL health-related quality of life measure (EQ-5Dindex) and EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) values were evaluated after 1 year. S100B was measured in blood samples collected at admission and up to day 10.

Results
S100B correlated significantly with EQ-5Dindex and mRS, but not EQ-VAS at 1 year after aSAH. A receiver operating characteristic analysis for peak S100B values (area under the curve 0.898, 95% confidence interval 0.828–0.968, p < 0.0001), with a cutoff of 0.4 μg/l, yielded 95.3% specificity and 68% sensitivity for predicting unfavourable outcome. Dichotomized S100B (> 0.4 μg/l vs ≤ 0.4 μg/l), age and Hunt and Hess grading scale score (HH) were associated with unfavourable mRS outcome in univariate logistic regression analysis. Dichotomized S100B was the only variable independently correlated with unfavourable mRS outcome in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
For the first time, S100B was shown to correlate with mRS and health-related quality of life at 1 year after aSAH. Peak S100B can be used as a prognostic factor for unfavourable outcome measured as dichotomized mRS after aSAH. A peak value cutoff of 0.4 μg/l is suggested. Ethical approval no: 2013/366-31, 4th of February 2014.
Alterungsbedingte Gefäßveränderungen am Beispiel der Arteria carotis
Authors: Reutersberg Benedikt , Düppers Philip , Menges Anna-Leonie , Schrimpf Claudia , Zimmermann Alexander , Pelisek Jaroslav 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungEiner der Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Vorliegen einer Karotisstenose und des karotisbedingten Schlaganfalls ist das Lebensalter. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist die Darstellung des aktuellen Wissensstands über altersbedingte Veränderungen der Gefäße am Beispiel der Karotisstenose.Die Gefäßalterung (vaskuläre Seneszenz) als Abnahme struktureller und funktioneller Eigenschaften der Gefäßwand spielt sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen ab. Auf multizellulärer Ebene kommt es mit zunehmendem Alter hauptsächlich aufgrund von atherosklerotischen Veränderungen der Gefäßwand zu einer Zunahme von Gefäßvolumen und -durchmesser sowie der Intima-Media-Dicke. Auf zellulärer und extrazellulärer Ebene kommt es zur Abnahme von Elastinfasern, glatten Muskelzellen und der Gesamtzellularität sowie zur Zunahme der Lipid‑, Cholesterin- und Kalziumphosphatablagerungen und der Neovaskularisierung. Ursachen der Gefäßalterung auf molekularer Ebene sind insbesondere oxidativer Stress, chronische Entzündungsreaktion, mitochondriale Dysfunktion, epigenetische Veränderungen, Dysregulation der Expression nicht kodierender RNAs (ncRNAs) und die Zunahme der Seneszenz. Der altersbedingte Verlust der Heilungs- und Reparaturfähigkeit des Gewebes macht die Plaques vulnerabler und im Falle der A. carotis anfälliger für ischämische Schlaganfälle.Zunehmende Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss des Alterns auf die Epigenetik und der ncRNAs in atherosklerotischen Plaques kann zukünftig das individuelle Risiko von Patienten genauer quantifizieren und zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapiestrategien beitragen. Weitere Studien sind auf diesem Gebiet jedoch notwendig, um das gesamte Ausmaß der Gefäßalterung und den damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen zu verstehen, damit diesen dann gezielt entgegenwirkt werden kann.
Postoperative Wundinfektionen
Authors: Garabet Waseem , Wolters Katharina , Schelzig Hubert , Rembe Julian-Dario 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Postoperative Wundinfektionen sind nach wie vor ein hoch relevantes Thema. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten konnte jedoch ein stetiger Rückgang der Inzidenzen erreicht werden, was insbesondere auf konkrete präventive Ansätze zurückzuführen ist.

Ziel der Arbeit
Zusammenfassung aktueller epidemiologischer Zahlen, Risikostratifizierungsansätze und präventiver Maßnahmen für postoperative Wundinfektionen.

Material und Methode
Eine ausführliche Literaturrecherche medizinischer Datenbanken (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane) sowie der offiziellen Surveillance-Institutionen Robert Koch-Institut (RKI), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wurde durchgeführt und im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews zusammengefasst. Fokussiert wurden die Themen Epidemiologie, Risikoassessment sowie präventive prozedurale und strukturelle Maßnahmen.

Ergebnisse
Epidemiologisch rangieren postoperative Wundinfektionen in den Top 3 der nosokomialen Infektionen und zeigen eine stark variierende Inzidenz zwischen 3 und 31 % in gefäßchirurgischen Eingriffen. Risikoscores, z. B. Surgical Site Infection Risk Score (SSIRS), Wounds-at-risk (W.A.R.), werden zunehmend entwickelt, um Maßnahmen gezielter einzusetzen, benötigen jedoch noch weitere Validierung. Während ein breites Feld valider und evidenzbasierter Empfehlungen besteht, ist der endgültige präventive Nutzen mancher Maßnahmen (z. B. antimikrobielle Wundspülung vor Hautverschluss) bisher noch unsicher. Andere Maßnahmen, wie die Verwendung von Inzisionsmanagementsystemen, haben mittlerweile eine solide Evidenzbasis und tragen insbesondere in Risikogruppen dazu bei, Infektionen vorzubeugen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Adäquate Identifikation von Risikogruppen und gezielte Anwendung präventiver Maßnahmen können den bisherigen positiven Trend bei Wundinfektionen weiter ausbauen. Hierzu müssen insbesondere Werkzeuge zur Risikoabschätzung und spezifische präventive Maßnahmen weiterführend rigoros validiert werden.
Importierte Inflation und Zinswende: Herausforderungen für die EZB
Authors:   Überblick
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Inflation in Deutschland und im gesamten Euroraum ist in den vergangenen Monaten stark gestiegen. Diese Entwicklung wird vor allem durch steigende Energiepreise getrieben. Die EZB hat angekündigt, das Anleihenkaufprogramm APP im 3. Quartal auslaufen zu lassen, und plant, den Leitzins noch diesen Sommer zu erhöhen. Sind die geplanten Maßnahmen ausreichend, um die Inflation zu senken? Es scheint wichtig, die Inflationserwartungen zu begrenzen, um Lohn-Preis-Spiralen zu verhindern. Auch ist zu fragen, wie wirksam Geldpolitik ist, wenn primär eine (importierte) Energiepreisinflation bekämpft werden muss. Zudem müssen die mit Zinserhöhungen verbundenen kontraktiven Effekte auf die Gesamtwirtschaft diskutiert werden, die durch Coronakrise und Ukrainekrieg ohnehin fragil ist.
Inflation bekämpfen durch Senkung der Monopolrenten
Authors: Nauschnigg Franz 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie derzeit hohe Inflation wird auch durch hohe Monopolrenten von Konzernen getrieben. Es liegt nicht eine Lohn-Preis-, sondern eine Gewinn-Preis-Spirale vor. Die Monopolrenten sind möglich, da zuletzt vor allem durch Firmenübernahmen marktbeherrschende Unternehmen entstanden sind. Auch europäische Konzerne erzielen Rekordgewinne, in Deutschland speziell die großen DAX-Konzerne. Die Bekämpfung der Inflation durch Zinserhöhungen ist aber kontraproduktiv. Es wäre effektiver, die Monopolrenten zu senken. Die Energiepreisinflation kann über eine Monopolrentenminderung für Strom- und Gasnetze bekämpft werden. Mit dem ASFINAG-Modell steht eine effizientere Form der Finanzierung dieser Netze zur Verfügung.
Für eine Ausstattung des Energie- und Klimafonds mit Kreditermächtigungen
Authors: Murau Steffen , Thie Jan-Erik 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungEnergiesicherheit und -unabhängigkeit sind der neue Imperativ nach dem von Wladimir Putin befohlenen Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine. Eine beschleunigte Transformation hin zur Klimaneutralität dient damit gleichzeitig ökologischen und sicherheitspolitischen Zielen. Sie erfordert massive öffentliche Investitionen in einem sehr kurzen Zeitraum. Um diese zu finanzieren, sollte das von der Ampelkoalition beschlossene Sondervermögen „Bundeswehr“ von einem Sondervermögen für Energiesicherheit und -unabhängigkeit flankiert werden. Zu diesem Zweck bietet es sich an, den bestehenden Energie- und Klimafonds (EKF) mit Kreditermächtigungen auszustatten und dessen Ausnahme von der Schuldenbremse im Grundgesetz zu verankern. Dies ist bereits für das Sondervermögen „Bundeswehr“ geplant und schafft Rechtssicherheit.
Preisschocks bei Energie und Nahrungsmitteln
Authors: Tober Silke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sharp revisions in inflation forecasts are not rooted in analytical flaws, overly hesitant ECB policies or model failures. Energy price shocks of historic dimensions are the key factor. They have ended the prolonged phase of excessively weak inflation with risks now clearly increasing. In contrast to the United States, the euro area shows no signs of overheating or excessive wage increases. Provided second-round effects remain muted, the ECB should proceed gradually given the high war-related uncertainty and the energy-cost related drag on the economy. Monetary policy flexibility is of key importance particularly with regards to sovereign yield differentials.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the refusal of surgical treatment in women 40 years and older with breast cancer in the USA between 2010 and 2017
Authors: Fwelo Pierre , Yusuf Zenab I. , Adjei Abigail , Huynh Gabriel , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although surgical resection is the main modality of treatment for breast cancer, some patients elect to refuse the recommended surgery. We assessed racial and ethnic differences in women 40 years and older who received or refused to receive surgical treatment for breast cancer in the USA and whether racial disparities in mortality were affected by their differences in the prevalence of refusal for surgical treatment.

Methods
We studied 277,127 women with breast cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data and performed multivariable logistic regressions to investigate the association between surgery status of breast cancer and race/ethnicity. Additionally, we performed Cox regression analyses to determine the predictors of mortality outcomes.

Results
Of 277,127 patients with breast cancer, 1468 (0.53%) refused to receive the recommended surgical treatment in our cohort. Non-Hispanic Black women were 112% more likely to refuse the recommended surgical treatment for breast cancer compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts [adjusted odds ratio: 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.82–2.47]. Women who underwent breast-conserving surgery [hazards ratio (HR) 0.15, 95% CI 0.13–0.16] and mastectomy (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.18–0.23) had lower hazard ratios of mortality as compared to women who refused the recommended treatment after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion
Race/ethnicity was associated with refusal for the recommended surgery, especially among non-Hispanic Black women. Also, surgery refusal was associated with a higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer-related mortality. These disparities stress the need to tailor interventions aimed at raising awareness of the importance of following physician recommendations among minorities.
Efficacy and safety of amrubicin monotherapy after atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Imai Hisao , Nagai Yoshiaki , Minemura Hiroyuki , Tsuda Takeshi , Yamada Yutaka , Wasamoto Satoshi , Kishikawa Takayuki , Shiono Ayako , Shiihara Jun , Yamaguchi Ou , Mouri Atsuto , Kaira Kyoichi , Kanazawa Kenya , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Minato Koichi , Kagamu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examined the activity and safety of amrubicin monotherapy among relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who had previously been treated with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide (AteCE). This retrospective study evaluated patients with relapsed SCLC who were treated with previously AteCE combination therapy followed by amrubicin monotherapy between August 2019 and May 2021. Clinical efficacy and toxicity were analyzed. Overall, 40 patients were included: 12 and 28 patients had sensitive and refractory relapse, respectively. The response rate was 32.5% (25.0% in the sensitive group and 35.7% in the refractory group). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the first amrubicin treatment was 3.4 months (95% CI: 1.9–4.9 months) and 9.9 months (95% CI: 4.5–11.5 months), respectively. There was no significant between-group difference in median PFS (3.6 months vs. 3.2 months, p = 0.42) or median OS (11.2 months vs. 7.3 months, p = 0.78). Grade ≥ 3 hematological adverse events occurred as follows: decreased white blood cells in 52.5% of patients; decreased neutrophil count in 57.5%; and febrile neutropenia in 10.0%. Grade 3 pneumonitis was observed in one patient. There were no treatment-related deaths. Amrubicin is feasible and effective for relapsed SCLC patients previously treated with AteCE therapy. Although immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (ICI) does not improve the effect of amrubicin, the toxicity is not increased, suggesting that amrubicin remains effective even after ICI administration. Thus, amrubicin after AteCE could be the preferred standard chemotherapeutic choice in patients with relapsed SCLC.
Breeding for intercropping: the case of red clover persistence in grasslands
Authors: Ergon Åshild , Bakken Anne Kjersti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLegumes are important in sustainable agriculture and particularly so when they are intercropped with other species. In breeding programs, little attention is paid to their agronomic performance in species mixtures. In red clover, improved persistence is an important breeding goal. We identified traits associated with survival of red clover cultivated in pure stands (PS 3) or in mixtures with grasses (MS 3) and managed under a 3-cut system (two locations), as well as in pure stands in a 5-cut system (PS 5, one location). Survivors from replicate plots were collected and a new generation made from each plot. The new generations were characterized in a growth experiment with light or simulated shade, and in a freezing experiment. We show that the traits related to red clover persistence depend on both plant community composition and cutting frequency. MS 3 had more leaves with larger leaf blades and longer petioles during the vegetative stage, followed by earlier stem elongation, higher number of elongating stems, higher biomass (also when accounting for earlier stem elongation) and more leaves in the regrowth after cutting than PS 3. MS 3 also had better freezing tolerance. PS 5 was similar to MS 3 and different from PS 3 in the number of leaves, leaf blade size, petiole length and number of elongating stems. These results show that breeding and cultivar evaluation, which is currently almost exclusively considering performance in pure stands, may miss some variation which provides persistence of red clover in mixtures with grasses.
Effects of cyanobacterial-based biostimulants on plant growth and development: a case study on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Santini Gaia , Rodolfi Liliana , Biondi Natascia , Sampietro Giacomo , Tredici Mario R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the coming years biostimulants will play a key role in the sustainable intensification of agriculture due to their capacity to improve crops quality, nutrient use efficiency and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Cyanobacteria are nowadays considered one of the most promising sources of new biostimulants; however, in vivo studies using cyanobacteria are still scarce and often limited to a few genera. In this work the biostimulant activity of five cyanobacterial hydrolysates was evaluated on Ocimum basilicum L. grown in hydroponics. Plants were treated weekly with foliar applications of the cyanobacterial hydrolysates and of two commercial products. Three of the tested cyanobacterial hydrolysates, administered at the concentration of 1 g L-1, were effective in increasing plant growth (up to +32%), and number (up to +24%) and fresh weight (up to +26%) of the leaves compared to controls. Moreover, the cyanobacterial hydrolysates performed better than the commercial biostimulants. The biochemical characterization of the hydrolysates suggests that the observed bioactivity can be related to a high carbohydrate content. Our results indicate that cyanobacteria-based biostimulants can be an effective tool for sustainably enhancing plant growth and yields.
Androgens, aging, and prostate health
Authors: Welén Karin , Damber Jan-Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to late onset hypogonadism (LOH), there is an increased usage of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in the aging male population. Since prostate is a target organ for androgens and anti-androgenic strategies are used to treat and palliate benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), the prevalence of both increases with age, the possible influence of TRT on prostate health becomes highly relevant. The present review summarizes existing data on the associations between endogenous hormone concentrations and prostate growth and concludes that circulating concentrations of androgens do not appear to be associated with the risks of development of BPH or initiation or progression of PC. The explanation for these findings relates to an apparent insensitivity of prostatic tissue to changes of testosterone concentrations within the physiological range.