bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing laser-nanoparticle interactions by diffused laser beams: efficient size-reduction of nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Xinyue , Ando Kota , Wang Xiaolong , Sakka Tetsuo , Nakajima Takashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Generally speaking, a laser beam with a good spatial profile such as flat-top or Gaussian (TEM00 mode) shape is considered to be a prerequisite to maximize laser-matter interactions. On the contrary, we show that if the process of interest has a threshold in terms of laser fluence or intensity, a diffused laser beam can do a good job of inducing the process. As an example, we demonstrate the efficient size-reduction of colloidal nanoparticles by a diffused laser beam and identify that the physical origin of this counterintuitive results is a redistribution of laser energy, i.e. formation of speckles through a diffuser where the local laser fluence exceeds the size-reduction threshold. We report the systematic results for silver and gold nanoparticles.
First-principles study of direct band gap semiconductors XS2 (X = Zr and Hf) with orthorhombic symmetry
Authors: Zhang Ruotong , Fang Yimei , Wu Fulun , Cao Xinrui , Zhou Yinghui , Zhu Zi-Zhong , Wu Shunqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted intense interest due to their potential applications as electronic and optical devices. Here, we propose two XS2 (X = Zr and Hf) compounds within the orthorhombic Pnma phase, denoted as Pnma-ZrS2 and Pnma-HfS2, as promising candidates for thin-film solar cells and nanoelectronics. Both Pnma-ZrS2 and Pnma-HfS2 are found to be semiconductors with desired direct band gaps of 1.07 and 1.24 eV, respectively, which lead to large visible-light absorption. The absorption coefficients of the first absorption peak for the Pnma-XS2 are about two times larger than the corresponding one for the P

3
ˉ

m1 phase with a 1T-CdI2-like structure. Such Pnma-XS2 polymorphs are predicted to be mechanically, dynamically, and thermodynamically stable up to 500 K, and they are highly realizable in experiments since a phase transition from the P

3
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m1 phases to the Pnma phases could occur under moderate temperatures, based on our calculations.
Wireless transmission of voltage transients from a chronically implanted neural stimulation device
Authors: Frederick Rebecca A , Troyk Philip R , Cogan Stuart F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Consistent transmission of data from wireless neural devices is critical for monitoring the condition and performance of stimulation electrodes. To date, no wireless neural interface has demonstrated the ability to monitor the integrity of chronically implanted electrodes through wireless data transmission. Approach. In this work, we present a method for wirelessly recording the voltage transient (VT) response to constant-current, cathodic-first asymmetric pulsing from a microelectrode array. We implanted six wireless devices in rat sciatic nerve and wirelessly recorded VT measurements throughout a 38 week implantation period. Main results. Electrode maximum cathodic potential excursion (Emc), access voltage, and driving voltage (extracted from each VT) remained stable throughout the 38 week study period. Average Emc (from an applied +0.6 V interpulse bias) in response to 4.7 µA, 200.2 µs pulses was 267 ± 107 mV at week 1 post-implantation and 282 ± 52 mV at week 38 post-implantation. Access voltage for the same 4.7 µA pulsing amplitude was 239 ± 65 mV at week 1 post-implantation and 268 ± 139 mV at week 38 post-implantation. Significance. The VT response recorded via reverse telemetry from the wireless microelectrode array did not significantly change over a 38 week implantation period and was similar to previously reported VTs from wired microelectrodes with the same geometry. Additionally, the VT response recorded wirelessly in phosphate buffered saline before and after device implantation appeared as expected, showing significantly less electrode polarization and smaller access voltage than the VT response in vivo.
Simulation Of Power Electronics Of Electrical Systems In Ev’S Using Scilab
Authors: Kumar Sunil Prashanth , Jisha P.K. , Sashikumar Gaurav , Sabreesh S , Rai Shwetha , Tatvik Mahesha S.N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The need for electric vehicles is expanding vastly and so are the methods by which electric vehicle technology could help to reduce the carbon production and make the environment more pollution free. This research emphasizes on power electronic systems such as Buck and Boost converters used in electric vehicles through Scilab simulations. It draws attention to the mathematics associated with the elementary phases for the power electronic circuits. This paper describes the working, mathematics and simulation of buck and boost converters used in an electric vehicle. We analyze the different circuitry systems, build the block diagrams in Xcos, Scilab and illustrate the outputs in terms of graphical representations.
Graphene Nanoribbons Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites and its Applications: A Review
Authors: Prasad Mulaga Durga , Sharma Ambuj , Tambe Pankaj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) synthesis methods are discussed along with its characterization. GNRs are modified with a functional group to tailor the properties of GNRs. The reinforcement of GNRs in polymer matrix nanocomposites has influenced the mechanical, electrical, rheological, and thermal properties. The GNRs are superior to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as a filler material in polymer nanocomposites established through experimental observations. Further, the modification of GNRs covalently and non-covalently improves the dispersion of GNRs in the polymer matrix and improves the properties of nanocomposites significantly. The GNRs filled polymer nanocomposites show the applications like corrosion protection of metal, Joule heating to evaporate moisture, EMI shielding for protecting devices, a sensor for gas sensing, and oil separation by processing hydrophobic polymer nanocomposites foam.
Atomic layer deposition of AlN on different SiC surfaces
Authors: Beshkova M , Deminskyi P , Hsu C-W , Shtepliuk I , Avramova I , Yakimova R , Pedersen H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Thin AlN films were grown using a Picosun R-200 atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor on SiC surfaces with different crystallographic orientation: on-axis 4H-SiC (0001) and 8° off-axis 4H-SiC. TMA (trimethylaluminium) and NH3 were used as precursors while hydrogen and nitrogen plasma were applied for in-situ substrate cleaning. The substrate temperatures were 400 °C and 450 °C, with 20 ALD cycles. The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed nanometer-sized islands in all films. The AlN films deposited on on-axis 4H-SiC at 450 °C substrate temperature exhibited a relatively small roughness of about 0.255 nm. The chemical composition and bonding states were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For all layers, high-resolution XPS showed Al 2p and N 1s spectra that are characteristic of AlN. These results are a good prerequisite of establishing the growth conditions of AlN films for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.
Quartz crystal microbalance sensor for NO2 detection based on electrospun amorphous titanium oxide fibers
Authors: Starbova K , Georgieva V , Starbov N , Stefanov P , Georgieva B , Lazarov J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity to various concentrations of NO2 is studied of a 16-MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCMs) coated by immobilized electrospun amorphous titanium oxide fibers. The morphology, phase and chemical composition of the sensing material are determined by scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (SEM, HRTEM), transmission high-energy electron diffraction (THEED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Resonance frequency shifts are established of the QCM-TiO2 system within a broad interval of NO2 concentrations. Experimental evidence is found for a reversible gas sorption at the lowest tested gas concentration of 50 ppm. Additional sensor response is established to gradually increasing NO2 concentrations up to 5000 ppm. It is demonstrated that electrospun amorphous titanium oxide fibers are promising sensing materials for NO2 detection.
Effect of cation substitutions in Y-type Ba0.5Sr1.5Me2Fe12O22 hexaferrites on the magnetic phase transitions
Authors: Georgieva B , Kolev S , Ghelev Ch , Krezhov K , Kovacheva D , Vertruyen B , Closset R , Tran L-M , Babij M , Zaleski A , Koutzarova T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigated the magnetic properties and magnetic phase transition in Y-type Ba0.5Sr1.5NiMgFe12O22 hexaferrite powder prepared by citrate sol-gel spontaneous combustion. The saturation magnetisation value of 32 emu/g at 4.2 K was lowered to 24 emu/g at 300 K. The magnetisations curves did not saturate even at a magnetic field of 50 kOe for both temperatures - 4.2 K and 300 K. A step-like behaviour appeared in the initial magnetisation curve at 4.2 K. A magnetic phase transformation from a spiral magnetic ordering to a conical spin one was observed at 40 K.
Optimization of titanium and titanium alloy surface properties by ultra-short laser processing for improved antibacterial characteristics
Authors: Aceti D M , Daskalova A , Angelova L , Filipov E , Sotelo L , Andreeva A , Trifonov A , Buchvarov I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of the current study is to improve in a one step process the properties of Ti and Ti alloy surfaces by enhancing their bioactivity in order to provide better conditions for microbial rejection. We propose to alter the biomaterial characteristics by a method alternative to the chemical ones, namely, non-contact processing of the surface by ultra-short laser pulses. The laser-induced modification results in a surface with different topographic features and an increased presence of oxides. We performed hierarchical laser patterning of the surface inducing the formation of areas covered by nanostructures, or laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), alternating with areas covered by micropillars in their turn surmounted by LIPSS. The increased roughness achieved due to the presence of micropillars, together with a marked presence of oxides, has been proven by several studies to enhance the biocompatibility of the material by improving the surface wettability and, furthermore, promoting the cells adhesion and osseointegration, while reducing the adhesion of pathogens.
The laser processed surface, consisting of a pattern of parallel lines, showed improved and anisotropic wettability. The water contact angle value decreased by ∼10° in a direction orthogonal to the lines of the pattern, and by ∼40° in a parallel direction.
Modification and activation of the surface of medical-grade PDMS after irradiation by ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Iordanova E , Yankov G , Stankova N , Nedyalkov N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present research aims to investigate the modification and activation effects on medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses. The motivation of the current study is based on the wide use of the PDMS material in medicine and, more specifically, in implantable neural interface applications. Systematic measurements are carried out to characterize the effect of the laser beam parameters on the optical absorption and the surface morphology with respect to the laser-treated zones. The PDMS polymer is modified by surface tracks after the femtosecond laser processing. The optical properties of the PDMS are investigated to prove the effective laser activation of the surface, which ensures further successful metallization of the modified tracks. It is seen that defective transformations occur in the entire laser-treated area when the number of pulses is increased. The preliminary observation indicates promising results regarding the implementation of such a laser-based method for micro-or nano-processing of optically transparent biopolymers for interface devices in bioengineering technologies, such as neural implants and interface applications.
Design considerations of the European DEMO’s IR-interferometer/polarimeter based on TRAVIS simulations
Authors: Brunner K.J. , Marushchenko N. , Turkin Y. , Biel W. , Knauer J. , Hirsch M. , Wolf R.C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Interferometry is the primary density control diagnostic for large-scale fusion devices, including ITER and DEMO. In this paper we present a ray tracing simulation based on TRAVIS accounting for relativistic effects. The study shows that measurements will over-estimate the plasma density by as much as 20°. In addition, we present a measurement geometry, which will enable vertical position control during the plasma’s ramp-up phase when gap-reflectometers and neutron cameras are still blind.
QEMU-based hardware/software co-development for DAQ systems
Authors: Zabołotny W.M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Modern DAQ systems typically use the FPGA-based PCIe cards to concentrate and deliver the data to a computer used as an entry node of the data processing network. This paper presents a QEMU-based methodology for the co-development of the FPGA-based hardware part, the Linux kernel driver, and the data receiving application. This approach enables quick verification of the FPGA firmware architecture, organization of control registers, the functionality of the driver, and the user-space application. The developed design may be tested in different emulated architectures with a changeable CPU, IOMMU, size of memory, and the number of DAQ cards.
Real-time detection of 1-butanol VOCin an indigenously developed Gas chamber
Authors: Bhat Pratima , Naveen Kumar S.K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the sensing studies of 1-butanol volatile organic compound (VOC) in an indigenously developed gas chamber. Designing of the portable gas chamber is discussed with the integration of thin-film ZnO sensor on an Inter-digitated electrodefabricated on a flexible Teflon substrate. Exposure of 1-butanol VOC inside the chamber causes a change in the resistance of the ZnO thin film. This change in the resistance is converted to voltage with a Wheatstone bridge network and an instrumentation amplifier circuit designed using precision components.The sensitivity of the sensor for 50 ppm and 100 ppm of 1-butanol is tested at room temperature (27°C) and the results are compared with our early studies using Keithley instruments.
Titanium Nitride based multi-functional thin films
Authors: Krishna M.Ghanashyam , Padmanabhan K.A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to demonstrate that the applications of TiN thin films can be expanded well beyond the traditional domains. For example, although TiN is known to exist in several sub-stoichiometric forms their properties have not been exploited fully. Using a patented sputtering process technology, we show that the Ti2N phase is semiconducting, possesses a band gap of the order of 3.5eV and a hardness in the region of 5-7 GPa. Thisimplies that Ti2N thin films can be candidates for light emitting diode applications. In some cases, reflectivity <2% in the visible region was also achieved which is useful for optical shielding applications. The nitrogen stoichiometry and thickness of TiN thin films can be tuned to achieve colours from blue to brown to golden yellow for decorative coating applications. TiN thin films can be a cost-effective replacement for Au since they also display a surface plasmon resonance at the same wavelength. The conductivity of TiN is sufficiently high to replace gold as an electrode material in electronic devices such as diodes. The properties of TiN-Si3N4 and TiN-Polyaniline composite thin films are also reported. The current work, thus, demonstrates the multi-functionality of TiN as an optical, opto-electronic and electronic material.
Phase transition and ferroelectric properties study of lead-free 0.95BaTiO3-0.05CaSnO3 ceramics synthesized by high energy ball milling assisted solid state reaction route
Authors: Kar B , Swain S , Kumar P , Panigrahi S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lead-free 0.95BaTiO3-0.05CaSnO3 ceramics were synthesized by high energy ball milling (HEBM) assisted solid state reaction route. Calcination temperature and time for phase formation was optimized and found to be relatively less than other BaTiO3-doped system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman study were performed for phase examination of the synthesized material. Rietveld analysis confirmed double-phase co-existence of this 95/05 system at room temperature. Sintering temperature and time for better densification were optimized to be 1250°C for 3hr. From dielectric study it was found that ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature(Tc, observed≈ 55°C) was reduced considerably in compared to the pure BaTiO3 system (Tc≈ 125°C). No relaxorbehaviour was found from dielectric study. Polarization vs. electric field hysteresis loop study showed the development of saturated hysteresis loops but the remnant polarization was found decreased compared to pure BaTiO3 system.
Thermochemical Characterization of Cycas Circinalis Seed Shell to Evaluate their Potential as Biofuel Source
Authors: G S Vanisree , K Aparna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increased environmental pollution anxieties and quest for high energy demand from renewable energy sources forced to use lignocellulosic biomass to produce Bio-fuels. Cycas circinalis seed shell is a plant-derived bio-waste readily available in the southern coastal part of India. This research aims to explore the thermochemical characteristic of Cycas circinalis seed shells. Substantial volume reduction of feedstock and low processing time makes the thermal conversion route more attractive than any other method of waste to energy conversion. Biomass degradation behavior is studied by Thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG); this depicts biomass degradation in three primary stages, each corresponding to the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin components. Functional groups were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained calorific value of biomass was found to be 16.17 MJ/Kg. Proximity analysis results showed the percentage of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon as7.95%,77.35%,2.05%,12.65%respectively. The ultimate analysis determines the composition of significant elements present in Cycas ciricinails. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen are found to be 45.54%, 6.5 %, and 47.16 %, respectively. Sulfur and nitrogen component values were observed to be lower, which is also a promising result in view of environmental concerns.
Investigations on dislocation density and strain of polyaniline withWO3nanocomposites
Authors: Vijaykumar B T , Bharati B , Priyanka K , Ramabai  , Manjunatha B , Sannakki Basavaraja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polyaniline is equipped by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method using ammonium persulphate as an oxidizing agent. The prepared Polyaniline is doped with the nano particles of WO3 at dissimilar weight percentage. The nano-compsites are characterized using XRD and SEM. The crystallite sizes are obtainvia Debye-Scherer relation from the XRD spectra for nano-composites of different weight percentages. The crystallite sizes of nano-particles decreased with increase in weight percentage of WO3 with the PANI. The dislocation density due to the defects in the crystals of nano-composites is obtained. The dislocation density increased as wt % of WO3 in PANI increased. Further, the strain produce at the grain boundary is obtained by FWHM of the XRD spectra. The strain of nano-composites at the grain boundary increased as dislocation density increased. Strain at the grain boundary is also increased as weight percent of WO3 increased in the nano-composites of PANI. Further, the surface morphology of the nano-composites of PANI/WO3 at different weight percentages were observed using SEM. The particles are appeared granular in shape and size. The agglomeration in the sizes of the nano-composites was observed as weight percent of WO3 with PANI increased.
Continuum removal and self-absorption correction incalibration-free laser-induced breakdownspectroscopy for efficient elemental analysis
Authors: John Lekha Mary , B. N. BalakrishnaPrabhu , Anoop K. K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Even though laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique, the broad continuum emission and self-absorption effects in laser-produced plasmas (LPP) limit the accuracy of the LIBS technique in multi-elemental compositional analysis. In this work, we developed an algorithm to detect and remove the broad continuum emission, which usually originates from free-free and free-bound transitions. To eliminate the continuum, the segment-wise background correction method (using identified continuum parts of varied range) was used. The spectral interference of lines is more likely to be found in LIBS spectra, especially with low-resolution spectrometers. A Lorentzian curve fitting method was used to resolve closely spaced emission lines. The ‘internal reference self-absorption correction (IRSAC)’ method was introduced to correct the reabsorption effects in LPPs. When these methods are applied to LIBS data of bronze alloy, more accurate quantitative findings are obtained, with a major component accuracy error of less than 10% when compared to its reference abundance.
One-Pot Synthesis of Biocompatible Glycine Protected Chromium Doped ZnS Nanoparticles and their Optical Properties
Authors: Bhat Vighneshwar S , Tilakraj T S , Patil Mallikarjun K , Pujari Vikram , Inamdar Sanjeev R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Here in, we report the synthesis and characterization of Chromium doped Zinc Sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs). Initially, ZnS NPs are synthesized by bio-compatible glycine cap using simple one-pot co-precipitate method, and further it is doped by Chromium. The structure and morphology of these ZnS NPs was confirmed by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope with Elementary Dispersive Spectrum (SEM with EDS) techniques. The optical characterization techniques reveal that the Chromium doping affected the absorption and photoluminescence properties of the NPs. Photoluminescence of these NPs shifts from 384 nm to 428 nm upon Chromium doping. By using Tauc plot we obtained the energy band gap of 4.7 eV and it reduces to 3.9 eV for Chromium dope. The resultant ZnS NPs have size of 2.17nm and 1.86nm (with Chromium doping), also it gives Cubic Zinc blend phase as proved by XRD. The instrumentation techniques SEM with EDS, XRD, FTIR confirms that high purity Chromium doped ZnS NPs can be obtained by the proposed simple, low cost and highly effective method.
Study of optical properties of photo annealed solution based As2S3 chalcogenide glass thin films
Authors: Prince  , Zulfequar M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chalcogenide glasses have wide range of applications in Mid- IR region due to its attractive optical properties. In this paper, we study the influence of UV light on the optical properties of solution based A2S3 chalcogenide thin films by examining transmission spectraand further we compare optical properties of photo annealed solution based thin films with the optical properties of thermally deposited As2S3 thin film annealed at 150°C for one hour. Illumination removes the excess amount of solvent which results in high refractive index, lower absorption coefficient and optical band gap ranging from 2.32 eV to 2.27eV.