bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning in predicting cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Zhe , Yang Zhenyu , Hou Ming , Shi Xuedong 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery. Early prediction of CSA-AKI is of great significance for improving patients' prognoses. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning models for CSA-AKI.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 18 March 2022. Risk of bias assessment was performed using PROBAST. Rsoftware (version 4.1.1) was used to calculate the accuracy and C-index of CSA-AKI prediction. The importance of CSA-AKI prediction was defined according to the frequency of related factors in the models.ResultsThere were 38 eligible studies included, with a total of 255,943 patients and 60 machine learning models. The models mainly included Logistic Regression (n = 34), Neural Net (n = 6), Support Vector Machine (n = 4), Random Forest (n = 6), Extreme Gradient Boosting (n = 3), Decision Tree (n = 3), Gradient Boosted Machine (n = 1), COX regression (n = 1), κNeural Net (n = 1), and Naïve Bayes (n = 1), of which 51 models with intact recording in the training set and 17 in the validating set. Variables with the highest predicting frequency included Logistic Regression, Neural Net, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. The C-index and accuracy wer 0.76 (0.740, 0.780) and 0.72 (0.70, 0.73), respectively, in the training set, and 0.79 (0.75, 0.83) and 0.73 (0.71, 0.74), respectively, in the test set.ConclusionThe machine learning-based model is effective for the early prediction of CSA-AKI. More machine learning methods based on noninvasive or minimally invasive predictive indicators are needed to improve the predictive performance and make accurate predictions of CSA-AKI. Logistic regression remains currently the most commonly applied model in CSA-AKI prediction, although it is not the one with the best performance. There are other models that would be more effective, such as NNET and XGBoost.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/; review registration ID: CRD42022345259.
FT4/FT3 ratio: A novel biomarker predicts coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in euthyroid INOCA patients
Authors: Zhang Han , Che Wenliang , Shi Kuangyu , Huang Yan , Xu Chong , Fei Mengyu , Fan Xin , Zhang Jiajia , Hu Xueping , Hu Fan , Qin Shanshan , Zhang Xiaoying , Huang Qingqing , Yu Fei 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIschemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) patients who presented coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) demonstrate a poor prognosis, yet the risk factors for CMD remain unclear. Subtle changes in thyroid hormone levels within the normal range, especially the free thyroxine (FT4)/free triiodothyronine (FT3) ratio, have been shown to regulate the cardiovascular system. This prospective study investigated the correlation between FT4/FT3 ratio and CMD in euthyroid patients with INOCA.MethodsThis prospective study (www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2000037112) recruited patients with myocardial ischemia symptoms who underwent both coronary angiography (CAG) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (D-SPECT). INOCA was defined as coronary stenosis&lt; 50% and CMD was defined as coronary flow reserve (CFR)&lt;2.5. All patients were excluded from abnormal thyroid function and thyroid disease history.ResultsAmong 71 INOCA patients (15 [21.1%] CMD), FT4 and FT4/FT3 ratio in CMD group were significantly higher and both showed significantly moderate correlation with CFR (r=-0.25, p=0.03; r=-0.34, p=0.003, respectively). The ROC curve revealed that FT4/FT3 ratio had the highest efficacy for predicting CMD with an optimized cutoff value&gt;3.39 (AUC 0.78, p&lt;0.001, sensitivity, 80.0%; specificity, 71.4%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that FT4/FT3 ratio was an independent predictor of CMD (OR 7.62, 95% CI 1.12-51.89, p=0.038, P for trend=0.006).ConclusionIn euthyroid INOCA patients, increased FT4/FT3 ratio levels are associated with the occurrence of CMD, presenting a novel biomarker for improving the risk stratification.
Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy can assist to identify the parathyroid gland during thyroid surgery
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Zaoyang , Wu Jian , Liu Ying , Wang Pin , Liu Hong , Wang Haobin , Wang Tielin , Wang Juan , Tang Yan , Zhang Junyan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effectiveness of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in the identification of parathyroid glands during thyroid surgeries.MethodAll patients who received thyroid surgeries at our department from January 2018 to February 2020 were recruited for this study. The bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy analyzer was applied to analyze on following tissues: thyroid tissues, lymph nodes, adipose tissues, and the tissues suspected to be parathyroid glands. Postoperative pathological reports were obtained as the golden standard to compare with the characteristic parameters obtained from bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value and the selection of the optimal threshold of these parameters from bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy.ResultsA total of 512 patients were enrolled in the study and 1898 specimens were measured by the bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy analyzer. There were significant differences in the parameter of fc among parathyroid glands, thyroid tissues, lymph nodes, and adipose tissues (252.2 ± 45.8 vs 144.7 ± 26.1, 491.7 ± 87.4, 602.3 ± 57.3; P&lt;0.001, P&lt;0.001, P&lt;0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.993 (95%CI: 0.989-0.996) for fc. When the diagnostic criterion of fc was set at 188.85 kHz~342.55 kHz, the sensitivity and specificity to identify parathyroid glands from lymph nodes and adipose tissues were both 100%. At this fc, the sensitivity and specificity to identify parathyroid glands from thyroid tissues were 91.1% and 99.0%, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy could assist to differentiate parathyroid glands from peripheral tissues during thyroid surgeries.
Holistic evaluation of aircraft detection lighting systems for wind turbines in Germany using a multi-method evaluation framework
Authors: Weigel Paul , Viebahn Peter , Fischedick Manfred 
Published: September 2022

Transponder-based Aircraft Detection Lighting Systems (ADLS) are increasingly used in wind turbines to limit beacon operation times, reduce light emissions, and increase wind energy acceptance. The systems use digital technologies such as receivers of digital transponder signals, LTE/5G, and other information and communication technology. The use of ADLS will be mandatory in Germany both for new and existing wind turbines with a height of &gt;100 m from 2023 (onshore) and 2024 (offshore), so a nationwide rollout is expected to start during 2022. To fully realize the benefits while avoiding risks and bottlenecks, a thorough and holistic understanding of the efforts required and the impacts caused along the life cycle of an ADLS is essential. Therefore, this study presents the first multi-aspect holistic evaluation of an ADLS. A framework for evaluating digital applications in the energy sector, previously developed by the authors, is refined and applied. The framework is based on multi-criteria analysis (MCA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and expert interviews. On an aggregated level, the MCA results show an overall positive impact from all stakeholders’ perspectives. Most positive impacts are found in the society and politics category, while most negative impacts are of technical nature. The LCA of the ADLS reveals a slightly negative impact, but this impact is negligible when compared to the total life cycle impact of the wind turbines of which the ADLS is a part. Besides the aggregated evaluation, detailed information on potential implementation risks, bottlenecks, and levers for life cycle improvement are presented. In particular, the worldwide scarcity of the required semiconductors, in combination with the general lack of technicians in Germany, lead to the authors’ recommendation for a limited prolongation of the planned rollout period. This period should be used by decision-makers to ensure the availability of technical components and installation capacities. A pooling of ADLS installations in larger regions could improve plannability for manufacturers and installers. Furthermore, an ADLS implementation in other countries could be supported by an early holistic evaluation using the presented framework.
Vertical and spatial evaluation of the groundwater chemistry in the Central Nile Delta Quaternary aquifer to assess the effects of human activities and seawater intrusion
Authors: Salem Zenhom E. , ElNahrawy Abdelaziz , Attiah Abdullah M. , Edokpayi Joshua N. 
Published: September 2022

Contaminants can be found in the groundwater through natural processes, such as seawater intrusion, or due to human activities that can adversely affect the quantity, quality, and distribution of the groundwater. In order to assess the influence of human activities and seawater intrusion on the groundwater chemistry in the Central Nile Delta region, groundwater was collected from 167 production wells, with depths of 15–120 m. In addition, eight soil-water samples were collected from depths of about 1 m. The groundwater samples were divided based on well depths into three zones: shallow zone (&lt;40 m depth), intermediate zone (41–60 m depth), and deep zone (&gt;60 m depth). The TDS, EC, pH, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42- were determined for all water samples. The groundwater samples with Cl of 100–200 mg/L and EC of 600–2,000 μs/cm represent mixing between freshwater and saltwater. The increase in TDS and concentrations of all major ions toward the northern parts reflected the impact of the seawater intrusion. The groundwater had an Na/Cl ratio of 0.46–2.75, indicating the influence of both seawater intrusion and anthropogenic activities on groundwater chemistry. In addition, the high Ca/Mg, Ca/SO4, and Ca/HCO3 ratios (&gt;1) indicated that the groundwater was intruded by seawater. The obtained water types, the ionic ratios, and the saturation index results suggested that anthropogenic activities, water-rock interaction, infiltration, mineral weathering, and seawater intrusion are the main processes controlling the variation and evolution of groundwater chemistry.
Poor prognosis, hypomethylation, and immune infiltrates are associated with downregulation of INMT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cui Kun , Yao Xi , Wei Zhengbo , yang Yujia , Liu Xinli , Huang Zhongheng , Huo Huimin , Tang Jinping , Xie Ying 
Published: September 2022

Background: Indiolethylamine-N-methyltransferase (INMT) is a methyltransferase responsible for transferring methyl groups from methyl donor SAM to its substrate. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), obtained from the methionine cycle, is a naturally occurring sulfonium compound that is vital to cellular metabolism. The expression of INMT is down-regulated in many tumorous tissues, and it may contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, the expression of INMT and its relationship to methylation and immune infiltrates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remains a mystery. Thus, we evaluated expression, clinicopathological features, prognosis, several critical pathways, DNA methylation, and immune cell infiltration for the first time.Methods: Analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics of INMT expression, several tumor-related bioinformatics databases were utilized. In addition, the role of INMT expression was analyzed for prognosis. Several INMT-related pathways were enriched on the LinkedOmics website. In addition, we have analyzed the methylation of INMT in HNSC in detail by using several methylation databases. Lastly, the relationship between INMT gene expression and immune infiltration was analyzed with ssGSEA, Timer, and TISIDB.Results: In HNSC, mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower than in normal tissues. The low expression of INMT was statistically associated with T stage, histological grade, gender, smoking history, and alcohol consumption. HNSC patients with low INMT expression have a poorer OS (overall survival) compared to those with high levels of expression. In addition, the multivariate analysis revealed INMT expression to be a remarkable independent predictor of prognosis in HNSC patients. An analysis of gene enrichment showed that several pathways were enriched in INMT, including the Ras signaling pathway, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and others. Moreover, methylation patterns of INMT detected in a variety of methylation databases are closely associated with mRNA expression and prognosis. Finally, INMT was significantly correlated with immune infiltration levels.Conclusion: HNSC with low levels of INMT exhibits poor survival, hypomethylation, and immune infiltration. For HNSC, this study presented evidence that INMT is both a biomarker of poor prognosis and a target of immunotherapy.
A novel necroptosis-related gene signature associated with immune landscape for predicting the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Wu Pu , Shi Jinyuan , Ji Xiaoyu , He Liang , Dong Wenwu , Wang Zhihong , Zhang Hao , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2022

Background: Necroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a variety of cancer-related biological processes. However, the roles of necroptosis-related genes in thyroid cancer yet remain unknown.Methods: A necroptosis-related gene signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and Cox regression analysis. The predictive value of the prognostic signature was validated in an internal cohort. Additionally, the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to examine the relationships between necroptosis and immune cells, immunological functions, and immune checkpoints. Next, the modeled genes expressions were validated in 96 pairs of clinical tumor and normal tissue samples. Finally, the effects of modeled genes on PTC cells were studied by RNA interference approaches in vitro.Results: In this study, the risk signature of seven necroptosis-related genes was created to predict the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients, and all patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group fared worse in terms of overall survival than those in the low-risk group. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves proved the predictive capability of created signature. The risk score was found to be an independent risk factor for prognosis in multivariate Cox analysis. The low-risk group showed increased immune cell infiltration and immunological activity, implying that they might respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitor medication. Next, GEO database and qRT-PCR in 96 pairs of matched tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were used to validate the expression of the seven modeled genes in PTCs, and the results were compatible with TCGA database. Finally, overexpression of IPMK, KLF9, SPATA2 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of PTC cells.Conclusion: The created necroptosis associated risk signature has the potential to have prognostic capability in PTC for patient outcome. The findings of this study could pave the way for further research into the link between necroptosis and tumor immunotherapy.
A construction and comprehensive analysis of the immune-related core ceRNA network and infiltrating immune cells in peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Xu Jiahui , Zha Binshan , Li Jun , Li Yongxiang , Ouyang Huan 
Published: September 2022

Background: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a peripheral artery disorder that increases with age and often leads to an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. The purposes of this study were to explore the underlying competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-related mechanism of PAOD and identify the corresponding immune cell infiltration patterns.Methods: An available gene expression profile (GSE57691 datasets) was downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs were screened between 9 PAOD and 10 control samples. Then, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed on the basis of the interactions generated from the miRcode, TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase databases. The functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analyses of mRNAs in the ceRNA network were performed. Immune-related core mRNAs were screened out through the Venn method. The compositional patterns of the 22 types of immune cell fraction in PAOD were estimated through the CIBERSORT algorithm. The final ceRNA network and immune infiltration were validated using clinical tissue samples. Finally, the correlation between immune cells and mRNAs in the final ceRNA network was analyzed.Results: Totally, 67 DE_lncRNAs and 1197 DE_mRNAs were identified, of which 130 DE_mRNAs (91 downregulated and 39 upregulated) were lncRNA-related. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that those down- and upregulated genes were involved in dephosphorylation and regulation of translation, respectively. The final immune-related core ceRNA network included one lncRNA (LINC00221), two miRNAs (miR-17-5p and miR-20b-5p), and one mRNA (CREB1). Meanwhile, we found that monocytes and M1 macrophages were the main immune cell subpopulations in PAOD. After verification, these predictions were consistent with experimental results. Moreover, CREB1 was positively correlated with naive B cells (R = 0.55, p = 0.035) and monocytes (R = 0.52, p = 0.049) and negatively correlated with M1 macrophages (R = −0.72, p = 0.004), resting mast cells (R = −0.66, p = 0.009), memory B cells (R = −0.55, p = 0.035), and plasma cells (R = −0.52, p = 0.047).Conclusion: In general, we proposed that the immune-related core ceRNA network (LINC00221, miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, and CREB1) and infiltrating immune cells (monocytes and M1 macrophages) could help further explore the molecular mechanisms of PAOD.
Macrophage activation syndrome in adults: Characteristics, outcomes, and therapeutic effectiveness of etoposide-based regimen
Authors: He Lingbo , Yao Shuyan , Zhang Ruoxi , Liu Menghan , Hua Zhengjie , Zou Heshan , Wang Zhao , Wang Yini 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) patients and to provide experience for the treatment.MethodsAdult patients with MAS admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital from December 2014 to September 2021 were enrolled in this study. Clinical data of patients were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 118 adult MAS patients entered this study. MAS was the first manifestation in 43 (36.4%) patients, while 75 (63.6%) developed MAS after the diagnosis of autoimmune disease (AID) with a median diagnostic interval of 2 (0.5–359) months. Eighty-two patients were initially treated with glucocorticoid-based regimen; the overall response (OR) rate at the 2-week posttreatment was 37.8%. Forty-five patients switched to etoposide-based regimen, and the OR rate was 84.4%. Thirty-six patients were initially treated with etoposide-based regimen, and the OR rate at the 2-week posttreatment was 80.6%. Serum IL-18 (P = 0.021), IFN-γ (P = 0.013), IP-10 (P = 0.001), IL-10 (P = 0.041), IL-1RA (P &lt; 0.001), and TNF-α (P = 0.020) levels of patients were significantly decreased in the remission phase than in the active phase. Levels of SDF-1α (P = 0.018) and IL-7 (P = 0.022) were higher in refractory patients, while the GRO-α level had a strong tendency toward statistical significance (P = 0.050). The probability of overall survival (OS) at 3, 6, and 36 months after HLH diagnosis were 89.8%, 89.0%, and 87.9%, retrospectively. The active MAS status at the 2-week post initial treatment [P = 0.009, HR = 15.281, 95% CI, (0.1.972, 118.430)] and baseline neutrophil count (Neu) &lt;1.5 × 109/l [P = 0.017, HR = 3.678, 95% CI, (1.267, 10.672)] were negative prognostic factors.ConclusionMAS typically occurs within 2 months after the onset of autoimmune disease in adults. SDF-1α, IL-7, and GRO-α could be used to predict refractory MAS. The etoposide-based regimen is effective and tolerable for adult MAS.
p50-associated Cyclooxygenase-2 Extragenic RNA (PACER) and Long Non-coding RNA 13 (LNC13) as potential biomarkers for monitoring tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Kameni Charleine , Mezajou Cybelle Fodieu , Ngongang Natacha Njike , Ngum Jubilate Afuoti , Simo Ulrich Stephane Fotso , Tatang Fabrice Junior , Nguengo Sarah Ngate , Nouthio Annick Prisca Chakam , Pajiep Michelle Alma Wandji , Toumeni Michelle Hako , Madjoumo Epiphanie Sorelle Takou , Tchinda Maxwell Fofou , Ngangue Roland Jethro Ekwala Misse , Koro Koro Francioli , Wade Abel , Akami Mazarin , Ngono Annie Rosalie Ngane , Tamgue Ousman 
Published: September 2022

Gaps in early and accurate diagnosis, effective drug control, and treatment monitoring are hindering the global eradication effort of tuberculosis. This infectious disease has become the deadliest worldwide before the outbreak of Covid-19. The search for new molecular biomarkers of tuberculosis will help to reverse this trend. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of the host immune response to infection, hence their link with the etiology and diagnosis of tuberculosis has attracted some attention from the research community. However, very little is known about their potential for the monitoring of tuberculosis treatment. This study aimed at assessing the potential of two lncRNAs: p50-associated Cyclooxygenase-2 Extragenic RNA (PACER) and Long Non-coding RNA 13 (LNC13) in the monitoring of tuberculosis treatment. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Douala, Cameroon from December 2020 to August 2021. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by Cq analysis using the Livak method were performed to measure the relative expression levels of PACER and LNC13 in whole blood of healthy controls, patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the initiation of treatment, after two, five, and six months into treatment. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves analysis was used to assess the ability of targeted lncRNAs to discriminate among those groups. The study showed that the lncRNAs PACER and LNC13 were significantly upregulated in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the initiation of treatment than in healthy controls. The expression levels of the two lncRNAs were significantly downregulated in patients during the treatment as compared to the active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. However, the expression levels of the lncRNAs PACER and LNC13 in whole blood of patients after six months of treatment were similar to those in healthy controls. Similarly, lncRNAs PACER and LNC13 showed very good performance in distinguishing between active tuberculosis patients and healthy controls as well as in differentiating between newly diagnosed active tuberculosis patients and those under treatment. Interestingly, those lncRNAs could not discriminate healthy controls from patients after six months of treatment. The lncRNAs PACER and LNC13 are therefore potential biomarkers for the monitoring of tuberculosis treatment.