bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous preterm birth risk among HPV‐vaccinated and ‐unvaccinated women: a nationwide retrospective cohort study of over 240 000 singleton births
Authors: McClymont Elisabeth , Faber Mette T. , Belmonte Federica , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether prior human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination contributes to preterm birth risk.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study.SettingDenmark.PopulationA cohort of 243 136 primiparous females born in the period 1961–2004 who had a singleton delivery at >22 weeks of gestation occurring from October 2006 to December 2018.MethodsHigh‐quality nationwide registries were linked to provide information on demographics, birth outcomes, HPV vaccination status, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and cervical lesions and treatment history.Main outcome measuresWe assessed the association between HPV vaccination status and spontaneous preterm birth using logistic regression. To address age at vaccination, we performed a stratified analysis by vaccination before and after 17 years of age.ResultsIn age‐adjusted and fully adjusted models, there was a nonsignificant difference in the odds of spontaneous preterm birth between vaccinated and unvaccinated women (OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) and OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.98–1.10), respectively). There was no difference in the odds of spontaneous preterm birth in relation to time between vaccination and pregnancy. In contrast, compared with unvaccinated women, the odds of preterm birth were lower among women vaccinated before the age of 17 years (fully adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75–1.00). This association was not present for women vaccinated at ≥17 years of age.ConclusionsIn this large, population‐based cohort, we found reduced odds of spontaneous preterm birth among women vaccinated against HPV at an early age compared with women who were unvaccinated. It seems conceivable that HPV vaccination may not only reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and severe precursors, but also reduce the risk of preterm birth related to HPV infection.
Perspectives of nursing home administrators across the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gadbois Emily A. , Brazier Joan F. , Meehan Amy , Rafat Aseel , Rahman Momotazur , Grabowski David C. , Shield Renee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the experiences of nursing home administrators as they manage facilities across the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Data Sources and Study SettingWe conducted 156 interviews, consisting of four repeated interviews with administrators from 40 nursing homes in eight health care markets across the country from July 2020 through December 2021.Study DesignWe subjected the interview transcripts to a rigorous qualitative analysis to identify overarching themes using a modified grounded theory approach to applied thematic analysis.Data Collection MethodsIn‐depth, semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted virtually or by phone, and audio‐recorded, with participants' consent. Audio recordings were transcribed.Principal FindingsInterviews with nursing home administrators revealed a number of important cross‐cutting themes. In interviewing each facility's administrator four times over the course of the pandemic, we heard perspectives regarding the stages of the pandemic, and how they varied by the facility and changed over time. We also heard how policies implemented by federal, state, and local governments to respond to COVID‐19 were frequently changing, confusing, and conflicting. Administrators described the effect of COVID‐19 and efforts to mitigate it on residents, including how restrictions on activities, communal dining, and visitation resulted in cognitive decline, depression, and weight loss. Administrators also discussed the impact of COVID‐19 on staff and staffing levels, reporting widespread challenges in keeping facilities staffed as well as strategies used to hire and retain staff. Administrators described concerns for the sustainability of the nursing home industry resulting from the substantial costs and pressures associated with responding to COVID‐19, the reductions in revenue, and the negative impact of how nursing homes appeared in the media.ConclusionsFindings from our research reflect nursing home administrator perspectives regarding challenges operating during COVID‐19 and have substantial implications for policy and practice.
A qualitative study of clinicians' perspectives on a law that allows for a 12‐month supply of short‐acting contraceptives in Massachusetts: Barriers and facilitators to implementation
Authors: Qasba Neena T. , Dowd Patrick , Bianchet Elyse , Goff Sarah L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore clinicians' perspectives regarding the Massachusetts 2017 law, ‘An Act Relative to Advancing Contraceptive Coverage and Economic Security in Our State’ (ACCESS), including awareness of the law, perceived barriers and facilitators to successful implementation, and recommendations to improve uptake. ACCESS requires all insurers, except self‐insured businesses, to cover short‐acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) at no cost to patients and for a 12‐month supply to be prescribed/dispensed if desired after the completion of a three‐month trial.Data Sources and Study SettingWe collected primary data from clinicians in Massachusetts from February 1 to July 31, 2021.Study DesignSemi‐structured interviews of a purposeful sample of Massachusetts clinicians who provide primary and/or women's health care were conducted via Zoom.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsInterview guide and codebook were created using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Interviews were analyzed using framework analysis, including deductive and inductive approaches. Major themes and subthemes were organized by a four‐level model of the health care system: patient, care team (clinician), organization, and environment.Principal FindingsMost (58.1%) of the 31 participants were not aware of the law. Perceived advantages of this law included decreasing burden on patients, unnecessary clinical visits, and administrative burden on staff for refill requests. Perceived disadvantages focused on concerns that patients would lose their medications or devices (patient‐level) and decreased clinician contact with patients (provider‐level). Perceived organization‐ and environmental‐level barriers to implementation included lack of electronic medical record (EMR) prescription defaults and insurance coverage issues. Many felt EMR modifications and more training for clinicians and pharmacists could lead to a change in practice.ConclusionOur study identifies potentially modifiable barriers to the implementation of the ACCESS law. Massachusetts clinicians' lack of awareness of the law demonstrates the need for statewide education, which may allow more eligible patients to obtain a 12‐month SARC supply.
Diagnosis of malignant pleural disease: Ultrasound as “a detective probe”
Authors: Messina Gaetana , Bove Mary , Natale Giovanni , Di Filippo Vincenzo , Opromolla Giorgia , Rainone Anna , Leonardi Beatrice , Martone Mario , Fiorelli Alfonso , Vicidomini Giovanni , Santini Mario , Ronchi Andrea , Massimilla Eva , Della Corte Carminia Maria , Pirozzi Mario , Caterino Marianna , Ciardiello Fortunato , Fasano Morena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an invasive, aggressive pleural tumor with a predominantly local spread. The objective of this study was to assess thoracic ultrasound (TUS) as an imaging modality with high sensitivity for the identification of malignant pleural involvement and in order to guide pleural biopsies.MethodsIn this retrospective single‐center study between January 2018 and June 2022, 51 consecutive patients with impassable circumferential pleural thickening underwent TUS at the Thoracic Surgery Unit of the Vanvitelli University of Naples. Pleural biopsies were performed, and then large and multiple samples were sent to the pathological anatomy for histological examination.ResultsIn all patients who underwent ultrasound examination, we chose the optimal point of entry to perform pleural biopsies and selected the areas of greater thickening without pleural effusion. No patient had any complications. No drainage tubes were placed after the pleural biopsies and no pneumothorax was present during the following days of hospitalization. The patients were discharged on the second postoperative day.ConclusionWith TUS the precise pleural thickening localization, local infiltration, mass extent, its nature (solid, cystic or complex) and ultrasound features can be easily defined. Furthermore, ultrasound is more economical than computed tomography and avoids the risks associated with radiation. Thoracic ultrasound is an important component of the diagnostic procedure in detecting a safe entry site for biopsies of MPMs.
“Separated” precise subsegmentectomy: Single‐port thoracoscopic noncombined subsegmentectomy in one lung lobe
Authors: Zhang Shuliang , Chen Maohui , Huang Yizhou , Huang Guanglei , Zeng Taidui , Zheng Wei , Chen Chun , Zheng Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical practice, combined segmental resection (CSS) can avoid resection of multiple segments to preserve lung function. When two or more distant lung segments or subsegments of the same lobe present with a ground glass opacity (GGO) that meets the indications for sublobar resection, conventional CSS or wedge resection could not remove all the nodules, and lobectomy is performed in most of these patients. For these particular types of nodules, we perform a single lobe noncombined subsegmental resection, or “separated” precise subsegmentectomy, to preserve more lung tissue. This study was designed to initially assess the feasibility and safety of “separated” precise subsegmentectomy.MethodsSelected cases of specific GGO were subjected to “separated” precise subsegmentectomy and the results of general clinical data, perioperative operative time, bleeding, length of stay, computed tomography (CT) review, lung function and its dynamic changes were collected and analyzed in these patients.Results“Separated” precise subsegmentectomy was performed in 12 patients and successfully completed. The median operation time, bleeding amount, and length of hospital stay were 96 min, 50 ml and 4 days, respectively. There was one case of pulmonary infection and one case of persistent air leakage, no death or pulmonary torsion, bronchopleural fistula and other pulmonary complications occurred. After 3 months, the median percentage of lung function retention was 91.7%, and the CT scan showed that the reserved lung tissue of 12 patients was well inflated and there was no obvious imaging manifestation of atelectasis.Conclusion“Separated” precise subsegmentectomy is a novel and safe surgical method that provides a more optimized way for patients with specific multiple nodules to preserve lung function. Further prospective large studies are needed to verify this finding.
Incidence in pharmacoepidemiology: A conceptual framework for incidence of a single substance or group of substances with statins as an example
Authors: Hoffmann Mikael , Støvring Henrik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA framework for analysing incidence in pharmacoepidemiology and drug statistics is suggested using statins as an example. A new case of statin use (first‐ever use or recurrence of treatment) can be defined as new on the group (NoG), new on substance whether new on the group or not (NoS), new on substance and new on the group (NoS_and_NoG), new on substance and not new on the group (NoS_not_NoG).MethodIndividual‐level dispensations of statins 2006–2019 for 1 017 058 individuals with at least one dispensation 2019 in Sweden.ResultsWith 12‐month run‐in, corresponding to at least 8 months without treatment, the incidence proportion of NoG was 13.39 new cases per 1000 inhabitants and 8.40 with 10‐year run‐in. Thus, 37% had first been treated with any statin between 12 months and 10 years before the index date.For atorvastatin, NoS was 10.69, NoS_and_NoG 9.99, and NoS_not_NoG 0.70 per 1000 inhabitants. 0.70 per 1000 inhabitants or 6.6% of new cases of atorvastatin represented a change from another statin during the run‐in.ConclusionIt is essential to separate new cases that are new both on the substance and on the group from those that represent a change of therapy during the run‐in.
Factors limiting plant recruitment in a tropical Afromontane Forest
Authors: Abiem Iveren , Dickie Ian , Kenfack David , Chapman Hazel M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPredicting how forest species composition may change in response to global change is essential for meaningful management. Which species are most likely to successfully recruit depends on a multitude of factors, but processes operating at the seed‐to‐seedling transition being especially important. Here, we explore how insufficient seed dispersal (dispersal limitation) and ecological filtering of seedlings (establishment limitation) influence species recruitment in an Afromontane Forest. We combined census data from seeds in seed traps and seed‐seedling transition plots in a Nigerian montane forest to measure dispersal and establishment limitation across species, life history strategies, and seed sizes. From 106 seed traps and 318 seedling plots, we recorded 11,278 seeds from 38 species and 2688 seedlings of 61 species. All species except for one liana showed strong dispersal limitation while 23 out of the 30 species showed establishment limitation. The two lianas sampled had significantly lower dispersal limitation compared to the trees investigated in the study. Our results suggest that both dispersal and establishment limitation are markedly high in this Afromontane forest than would be expected in a lowland counterpart.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster: A retrospective United States claims database analysis
Authors: Thompson‐Leduc Philippe , Ghaswalla Parinaz , Cheng Wendy Y. , Wang Min‐Jung , Bogart Michael , Patterson Brandon J. , Duh Mei Sheng , Park Suna , Yawn Barbara P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been reported as a potential risk factor for developing herpes zoster (HZ). We aimed at comparing incidence rates of HZ between people with versus without COPD in the US. This retrospective cohort study used data from Optum's de‐identified Clinformatics Data Mart database from 1/1/2013 through 12/31/2018. We identified two cohorts of people ≥40 years without prior HZ, HZ vaccination, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) or HZ ophthalmicus: those with (COPD+) and those without (COPD−) a COPD diagnosis. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) of HZ and PHN were calculated using generalized linear models, controlling for the propensity score of being diagnosed with COPD and relevant demographic and clinical characteristics. People in the COPD+ cohort (n = 161 970) were considerably older, had more comorbidities and were more likely to use corticosteroids than those in the COPD− cohort (n = 9 643 522). The incidence rate of HZ was 5.7‐fold higher in the COPD+ versus COPD− cohorts (13.0 vs. 2.3 per 1000 person‐years [PY]; aIRR, 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69 to 2.85; P < 0.001). The unadjusted incidence rate of PHN was 1.7‐fold higher in the COPD+/HZ+ versus COPD−/HZ+ cohort (64.8 vs. 37.1 per 1000 PY), but not after adjustment (aIRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.45). HZ and PHN incidence rates increased with age. After adjustment, COPD+ adults had a 2.8‐fold increased risk of developing HZ. These results may help to increase awareness about potential risk factors for HZ and highlight the need for vaccination among those at increased risk.
Surgical treatment of a five‐structure dentigerous cyst in a Warmblood filly
Authors: Howell Alicia , Panizzi Luca , Simpson Erin 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis article describes a unilateral extracranial dentigerous cyst containing five dental structures in a 3‐year‐old Warmblood filly that caused drainage from below the left pinna and behavioural changes due to pain. Initial diagnosis was made using radiographs and further diagnostic imaging in the form of computed tomography was used for effective surgical planning. This highlighted the proximity of the cyst to the calvarium. All the structures were surgically removed using an osteotome and mallet. During surgery, a defect was made in the calvarium leading to a small haemorrhage, which was successfully controlled. The external auditory canal was accidentally entered during the procedure; closure was achieved and no postoperative infection was experienced. The structures were histologically confirmed to be dental in origin. On telephone and photographic follow‐up, the horse showed excellent cosmetic results, with no neurological or motor deficits and complete resolution of clinical signs.
Fault diagnosis for high‐speed train braking system based on disentangled causal representation learning
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractData‐driven methods have shown a great potential in diagnosing ongoing faults in high‐speed trains (HSTs). However, lacking enough interpretability, data‐driven methods have not been widely considered in practical operation of HST. In recent years, the rapid development of the causal discovery technology provides an effective way to improve the model interpretability. In this work, based on disentangled causal representation learning (DCRL), an effective and interpretable fault diagnosis framework is proposed for HST braking system. Independent potential factors of the high‐dimensional monitoring data are extracted by the DCRL based on factor analysis. A stable and clear causal network in the factor space is obtained based on causal discovery, and the information irrelevant to fault diagnosis can be eliminated by feature selection. With logistic regression as the fault diagnosis model, the risk importance ranking of the monitoring features can be obtained. Compared with most commonly used methods, the method proposed in this paper has high interpretability and application value, which is more conducive to the subsequent fault location and troubleshooting. Based on real monitoring data of a HST braking system, it is justified that the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis model can be significantly improved by DCRL. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed method is also discussed.
Hypoxia regulates tumour characteristic RNA modifications in ovarian cancers
Authors: Monoe Yuya , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Jingushi Kentaro , Tanimoto Masaya , Tanaka Tomohito , Taniguchi Kohei , Komura Kazumasa , Ohmichi Masahide , Tsujikawa Kazutake 
Published: November 2022

Analysis of ovarian cancer tissue and normal ovarian tissue revealed 31 RNA modifications with significant differences observed in cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. Moreover, we found Im and chm5U as characteristic RNA modifications in advanced and platinum‐resistant ovarian cancers, respectively. Considering that these differences in RNA modifications may be due to the intra‐tumour microenvironment, we xenografted the ovarian cancer cell line RMG‐1 to create RMG‐1 tumours and compared them with original RMG‐1 cells. As a result, 14 of the 31 RNA modifications showed marked variations during tumorigenesis. Eight RNA modifications (m2,2G, t6A, m7G, m5U, m1G, i6A, m6t6A and m1A), which were upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and in RMG‐1‐xenografted tumour, were also upregulated under hypoxic conditions. RNAseq analysis, using the matched RNA samples analysed for RNA modifications, showed that 2137 genes were highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues compared with those in normal ovarian tissues. Of these, 134 genes, which were enriched in a gene set belonging to the hypoxia signalling pathway, were positively correlated with the above eight RNA modifications. These results suggest that the tumour microenvironment, including hypoxia, is important for cancer characteristic RNA modifications.
Effect of dentures and dietary advice on protein intake in older Thai adults with missing posterior occluding teeth
Authors: Rakyoo Kasamaporn , Vichayanrat Tippanart , Anunmana Chuchai , Kriengsinyos Wantanee , Gaewkhiew Piyada 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of dentures with dietary advice and dentures alone on protein intake in older Thai adults.BackgroundDentures combined with nutritional advice may improve protein intake in older adults with posterior tooth loss. However, evidence is limited, especially in developing countries.MethodsA randomised‐control trial including 69 older adults with less than four pairs of posterior occluding teeth was conducted for 3 months. The experimental group received dentures and dietary advice based on the Health Belief Model (HBM); the control group received dentures alone. Three‐day dietary records were collected and protein intake was assessed using INMUCAL‐NUTRIENTS V.4.0 software at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention. Data were analysed using a t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test, and repeated‐measure ANOVA.ResultsBoth groups reported significantly increased protein intake (control group = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 g kg BW−1 d−1, intervention = 0.4, 0.6, 0.7 g kg BW−1 d−1, at baseline, 1 month and 3 months, respectively). However, participants in the experimental group had significantly higher total protein (36.3 vs. 39.8 g/d, P = .032) and animal protein intake (18.9 vs. 23.2 g/day, P = .020) than those in the control group at 3 months after the intervention; plant protein intake was similar (10.9 vs. 11.5 g/day, P = .923). In addition, the HBM scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group after the intervention (P < .001).ConclusionDentures combined with dietary advice significantly increased the total and animal protein intake of older people with posterior tooth loss more than dentures alone. To maintain optimal protein intake, dental practitioners should incorporate dietary advice when providing dental prostheses to older adults with posterior tooth loss.
Solving a pickup and delivery routing problem for fourth‐party logistics providers
Authors: Johannessen Preben Bucher , Hemmati Ahmad , Moshref‐Javadi Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies a pickup and delivery routing problem for fourth‐party logistics providers. The problem aims to schedule routes of vehicles to pick up orders from suppliers and deliver them to factory locations considering multiple time windows at suppliers and factory locations, a non‐conventional cost structure, and certain factory dock constraints. We formulate the problem as a mathematical model and develop an efficient algorithm based on the adaptive large neighborhood search to solve the problem. The algorithm incorporates several heuristics to efficiently explore the search space for optimal solutions. The algorithm is refined through extensive statistical experiments to optimize the performances of the heuristics and to tune the parameters of the algorithm. The mathematical model and algorithm are evaluated on several problem instances based on a real case study in Europe. The numerical results demonstrate that the solution algorithm consistently obtains near‐optimal solutions to real‐sized problem instances.