bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed DWI MRI Results in Superior Capability for N‐Stage Assessment of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Than That of Actual DWI, STIR Imaging, and FDG‐PET/CT
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Yui Masao , Takenaka Daisuke , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Koyama Hisanobu , Kassai Yoshimori , Yamamoto Kaori , Oshima Yuka , Hamabuchi Nayu , Hanamatsu Satomu , Obama Yuki , Ueda Takahiro , Ikeda Hirotaka , Hattori Hidekazu , Murayama Kazuhiro , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundComputed diffusion‐weighted imaging (cDWI) is a mathematical computation technique that generates DWIs for any b‐value by using actual DWI (aDWI) data with at least two different b‐values and may improve differentiation of metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes.PurposeTo determine the appropriate b‐value for cDWI to achieve a better diagnostic capability for lymph node staging (N‐staging) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared to aDWI, short inversion time (TI) inversion recovery (STIR) imaging, or positron emission tomography with 2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose combined with computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 245 (127 males and 118 females; mean age 72 years) consecutive histopathologically confirmed NSCLC patients.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo sequence, electrocardiogram (ECG)‐triggered STIR fast advanced spin‐echo (FASE) sequence with black blood and STIR acquisition and DWI obtained by FASE with b‐values of 0 and 1000 sec/mm2.AssessmentFrom aDWIs with b‐values of 0 and 1000 (aDWI1000) sec/mm2, cDWI using 400 (cDWI400), 600 (cDWI600), 800 (cDWI800), and 2000 (cDWI2000) sec/mm2 were generated. Then, 114 metastatic and 114 nonmetastatic nodes (mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes) were selected and evaluated with a contrast ratio (CR) for each cDWI and aDWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), lymph node‐to‐muscle ratio (LMR) on STIR, and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax).Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, Youden index, and McNemar's test.ResultsArea under the curve (AUC) of CR600 was significantly larger than the CR400, CR800, CR2000, aCR1000, and SUVmax. Comparison of N‐staging accuracy showed that CR600 was significantly higher than CR400, CR2000, ADC, aCR1000, and SUVmax, although there were no significant differences with CR800 (P = 0.99) and LMR (P = 0.99).Data ConclusioncDWI with b‐value at 600 sec/mm2 may have potential to improve N‐staging accuracy as compared with aDWI, STIR, and PET/CT.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Detecting Early‐Stage Liver Fibrosis Using Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping Based on Spin‐Lock MRI: Preliminary Observations
Authors: Hou Jian , Wong Vincent W.‐S. , Qian Yurui , Jiang Baiyan , Chan Anthony W.‐H. , Leung Howard H.‐W. , Wong Grace L.‐H. , Yu Simon C.‐H. , Chu Winnie C.‐W. , Chen Weitian 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLiver fibrosis is characterized by macromolecule depositions. Recently, a novel technology termed macromolecular proton fraction quantification based on spin‐lock magnetic resonance imaging (MPF‐SL) is reported to measure macromolecule levels.HypothesisMPF‐SL can detect early‐stage liver fibrosis by measuring macromolecule levels in the liver.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsFifty‐five participants, including 22 with no fibrosis (F0) and 33 with early‐stage fibrosis (F1–2), were recruited.Field Strength/Sequence3 T; two‐dimensional (2D) MPF‐SL turbo spin‐echo sequence, 2D spin‐lock T1rho turbo spin‐echo sequence, and multi‐slice 2D gradient echo sequence.AssessmentMacromolecular proton fraction (MPF), T1rho, liver iron concentration (LIC), and fat fraction (FF) biomarkers were quantified within regions of interest.Statistical TestsGroup comparison of the biomarkers using Mann–Whitney U tests; correlation between the biomarkers assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and linear regression with goodness‐of‐fit; fibrosis stage differentiation using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. P‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAverage T1rho was 41.76 ± 2.94 msec for F0 and 41.15 ± 3.73 msec for F1–2 (P = 0.60). T1rho showed nonsignificant correlation with either liver fibrosis (ρ = −0.07; P = 0.61) or FF (ρ = −0.14; P = 0.35) but indicated a negative correlation with LIC (ρ = −0.66). MPF was 4.73 ± 0.45% and 5.65 ± 0.81% for F0 and F1–2 participants, respectively. MPF showed a positive correlation with liver fibrosis (ρ = 0.59), and no significant correlations with LIC (ρ = 0.02; P = 0.89) or FF (ρ = 0.05; P = 0.72). The area under the ROC curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.95) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.39–0.71; P = 0.55) for MPF and T1rho to discriminate between F0 and F1–2 fibrosis, respectively.Data ConclusionMPF‐SL has the potential to diagnose early‐stage liver fibrosis and does not appear to be confounded by either LIC or FF.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage3
Evident differences of haze days between December and January in north China and possible relationships with preceding climate factors
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Li Yuyan , Zhang Yijia , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAir pollution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is severe in winter and causes vast premature deaths in north China. Many previous studies have concerned winter‐mean haze conditions and identified some useful climate factors. However, obvious differences in the number of haze days also existed between December and January (HDJ‐D) that lacked of understandings. The HDJ‐D maximum was 6.6 days, which occurred between December 2005 and January 2006, accounting for more than 45% of the monthly mean number of haze days in these 2 months. Differences of large‐scale atmospheric circulations were distributed like a Rossby wave pattern in mid‐troposphere, with centres in the west of Europe (+), the north to the Caspian Sea (−) and north China (+). Associated meteorological conditions in north China resulted in more adverse ventilation conditions and stronger chemical productions, and thus larger number of haze days in January than in December. In addition, significant relationships between HDJ‐D and three preceding climate factors during 1979–2018 were also revealed, including August–September–October sea ice over the Laptev Sea and the north of the Kara Sea (correlation coefficient = −0.53), November snow depth in eastern Europe and western Siberia (correlation coefficient = −0.44) and sea surface temperature over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (correlation coefficient = −0.48). Abundant analyses, basing on the observation data, large‐ensemble climate simulations and atmospheric chemical simulations, all reproduced the influences of each climate factor on large‐scale atmospheric circulations and local meteorological conditions associated with HDJ‐D changes.
Andean crops: kañiwa and tarwi flours used for the development of vegan gluten‐free muffins
Authors: Vidaurre‐Ruiz Julio , Vargas Roberth Junior Yurivilca , Alcázar‐Alay Sylvia , Encina‐Zelada Christian R , Cabezas Dario M , Correa María Jimena , Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia Ritva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe flours of two Andean crops, tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) and kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), present an excellent nutritional profile for inclusion in vegan gluten‐free muffin formulations. In this study, the proximal composition and techno‐functional properties of tarwi and kañiwa flours, and the technological quality of batters and muffins (potato starch‐based) formulated with 50% of these flours were evaluated.RESULTSAndean flours have high protein, fiber, and fat content, and display high water and oil absorption. In premixes formulated with potato starch and Andean flours, a reduction in paste viscosity was observed due to starch dilution and lower water availability. Depending on their ability to interact with water, the batters formulated with these flours had a higher consistency. Confocal laser scanning micrographs showed that batters with Andean flours presented a complex matrix with dispersed starch granules surrounded by proteins and fiber fragments. Muffins made with Andean flours had a slightly lower specific volume than the control, but crumb hardness was not modified by tarwi flour (50%) and a mixture of tarwi (25%) and kañiwa (25%) flours. The intrinsic color of these flours modified crumb color, and their reducing sugar content also favored Maillard reactions in the crust. These color changes are desirable in gluten‐free products because such products are frequently pale due to their high starch content.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that tarwi and kañiwa flours are suitable for developing vegan, gluten‐free muffins of good technological quality and improved nutritional profile, adding value to these underutilized ancestral flours. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Divergent Synthesis of Biocompatible Nearly Monodisperse Multi‐Functional Poly(ethylene glycol) Periodic Copolymers
Authors: Avais Mohd. , Chattopadhyay Subrata 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFunctional nearly monodisperse (Đ < 1.1) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers, containing precise functional groups both in the backbone and chain end, are challenging to prepare. Herein, a divergent synthetic approach is reported to prepare a library of functional PEG periodic copolymers with very narrow dispersity (Đ < 1.1). In the first step, acrylate end functional (at one of the chain end) PEG copolymers (Mn = 3000–14 000 Da) (PEG‐1) are synthesized via the reaction between commercially available PEG diacrylate oligomers (Mn = 575 Da) and primary amines. Besides the acrylate end group, PEG‐1 contains periodic alkyl chains and amino‐ester functionalities in the backbone which are introduced by respective amines. The acrylate end group can react with different primary and secondary amines (such as tryptamine, diethanolamine) to synthesize different end functional polymers via end group modifications (PEG‐2). Further, the acrylate end functional polymers react with piperazine and ethanol‐amino piperazine to form the higher molecular weight linear (PEG‐3) and star polymers (PEG‐4) respectively via macromolecular coupling. All the polymers are characterized by NMR, IR, and SEC. Further purity of the end functional polymers is confirmed via DOSY NMR analysis. The different amphiphilic functional polymers self‐assemble in water to form stable micelles (Dh < 50 nm), where the size of the micelles increases with increasing molecular weight of the polymers. The micelles can be used for drug encapsulation and release. MTT assay is performed to study the general cytotoxicity of the functional PEGs using L929 cells. The results indicate very good biocompatibility of the current polymers for further biomedical applications.
Fine Structure and Swelling Properties of Fibers from Regenerated Rennet‐Treated Casein Micelles
Authors: Thill Sebastian , Schmidt Thomas , Jana Sankar , Wöll Dominik , Gebhardt Ronald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegenerated fibers from rennet‐treated casein micelles can be produced with a defined width and homogeneous surface morphology using a two‐substance nozzle integrated in a spinning setup. Extrusion is carried out under standard conditions in a coagulation buffer with 100 × 10−3 m CaCl2 at 60 °C. Electron microscopic images of dried fibers show a fine structure consisting of µm‐sized strands running parallel to the fiber axis and radially outward. Confocal fluorescence microscopy lifetime images show that the strands are rich in free calcium, which is released upon swelling in deionized water and diffuses out of the fiber. Fibers made with only 50 × 10−3 m calcium chloride swell at a higher rate to larger equilibrium swelling values because of fewer stabilizing calcium bridges. In HCl, initial swelling of the fibers is followed by deswelling to a defined equilibrium state with a densely packed casein matrix, as indicated by fluorescence microscopy images. Because of the large number of dissolved calcium contacts and the residual charges on the casein, swelling in HCl occurs very quickly. Elastic contributions of the network and released ions lead to deswelling of the fiber, which occurs fastest for those with 100 × 10−3 m CaCl2 due to the high proportion of free ions.
THE CASE AGAINST urethral failure is not a critical factor in female urinary incontinence. Now what? The integral theory system
Authors: Petros Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubject of the Debate“Urethral failure is a critical factor in female urinary incontinence Now what?” The CASE FOR by Hokanson, DeLancey pinpointed inadequacy of bladder causation for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and poor urethral support for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) as responsible for long‐standing lack of progress in incontinence science. They proposed “Urethral failure” as causation for SUI and UUI. The CASE AGAINST, by Peter Petros agrees “abnormal detrusor function as cause for (UUI) is a failed concept, and SUI surgery results are sometimes suboptimal, but rejects “urethral failure” as cause for UUI and SUI. In answer to, “Now what?,” Petros presents the Integral Theory System. SUI and UUI are dysfunctions of the bladder's binary control mechanism, mainly ligament laxity because of defective collagen/elastin. The urethra is an emptying tube. Pelvic muscle forces reflexly contract against ligaments to close urethra, open it (micturition) and stretch the vagina underlying urethelial stretch receptors to mechanically support them, preventing premature activation of micturition (UUI). High validated cure rates for SUI and UUI by repair of weakened ligaments question viability of the “urethral failure” concept.ConclusionsThe major achievement of this debate (both sides) is not what causes UUI or SUI, or what doesn't, though clearly, this is important. It is calling out a 50‐year ossification of the whole construct of UUI, ranging from flawed definitions to systematic denial of known cures, all of which have stalled treatment of the one billion women who suffer with incontinence. The time has come for change.
Investigation of the dynamic mechanical analysis and mechanical response of 3D printed nylon carbon fiber composites with different build orientation
Authors: Alarifi Ibrahim M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effect of printing angle on the mechanical behavior of 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites is investigated. Three types of print angles, namely angular, vertical and horizontal, are considered in the present study. Dynamic mechanical analysis, and flexural and tensile tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of specimens. The dynamic mechanical analysis test reveals higher storage and loss modulus in horizontal specimens as compared with angular and vertical specimens, mainly credited with better mechanical restraints imposed by carbon fibers on the matrix movement. Higher damping capability was also noted with horizontal specimens. Flexural properties of horizontally printed specimens are better as compared with the other configurations attributed to good stress transferability between the constituents. Tensile specimens also depict higher modulus and strength for horizontally printed specimens owing to higher resistance offered by the carbon fibers to tensile loading and good compatibility of constituents. Finally, the structure–property relationships are understood by analyzing the specimens under a high‐resolution scanning microscope.
Work–family conflict and posttraumatic stress symptoms among college teachers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Jia‐li , Chen Nan‐fei , Cai Yun , Yin Jin‐rong , Zhou Xiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the indirect factors underlying the association between work–family conflict and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in college teachers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Three potential indirect factors were examined: perceived stress, basic psychological needs, and rumination. A total of 274 college teachers were recruited. All participants completed an electronic questionnaire that assessed their exposure to the pandemic, work–family conflict, perceived stress, basic psychological needs, rumination, and PTSS. The results showed that after controlling for pandemic exposure, gender, and age, work–family conflict was associated with PTSS via perceived stress alone, rumination alone, a path from perceived stress to basic psychological needs, and a path from perceived stress to rumination. These results indicate that work–family conflict is positively associated with PTSS indirectly via perceived stress, rumination, and basic psychological needs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. These three mediators may completely explain the relation of work–family conflict to PTSS.
Development and performance characteristics of novel code‐based algorithms to identify invasive Escherichia coli disease
Authors: Fortin Stephen P. , Hernandez Pastor Luis , Doua Joachim , Sarnecki Michal , Swerdel Joel , Colasurdo Jamie , Geurtsen Jeroen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeEvaluation of novel code‐based algorithms to identify invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) among patients in healthcare databases.MethodsInpatient visits with microbiological evidence of invasive bacterial disease were extracted from the Optum© electronic health record database between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2020. Six algorithms, derived from diagnosis and drug exposure codes associated to infectious diseases and Escherichia coli, were developed to identify IED. The performance characteristics of algorithms were assessed using a reference standard derived from microbiology data.ResultsAmong 97 194 eligible records, 25 310 (26.0%) were classified as IED. Algorithm 1 (diagnosis code for infectious invasive disease due to E. coli) had the highest positive predictive value (PPV; 96.0%) and lowest sensitivity (60.4%). Algorithm 2, which additionally included patients with diagnosis codes for infectious invasive disease due to an unspecified organism, had the highest sensitivity (95.5%) and lowest PPV (27.8%). Algorithm 4, which required patients with a diagnosis code for infectious invasive disease due to unspecified organism to have no diagnosis code for non‐E. coli infections, achieved the most balanced performance characteristics (PPV, 93.6%; sensitivity, 78.1%; F1 score, 85.1%). Finally, adding exposure to antibiotics in the treatment of E. coli had limited impact on performance algorithms 5 and 6.ConclusionAlgorithm 4, which achieved the most balanced performance characteristics, offers a useful tool to identify patients with IED and assess the burden of IED in healthcare databases.
Activation of p53: How phosphorylated Ser15 triggers sequential phosphorylation of p53 at Thr18 by CK1δ
Authors: Nicolaou Sonia T. , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Warwicker Jim , Verma Chandra S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe N‐terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of p53 is a disordered region with multiple phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation at Thr18 is crucial for the release of p53 from its negative regulator, MDM2. In stressed cells, CK1δ is responsible for phosphorylating Thr18, but requires Ser15 to be phosphorylated. To understand the mechanistic underpinnings of this sequential phosphorylation, molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation studies of these phosphorylation events were carried out. Our models suggest that a positively charged region on CK1δ near the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding pocket, which is conserved across species, sequesters the negatively charged pSer15, thereby constraining the positioning of the rest of the peptide, such that the side chain of Thr18 is positioned close to the γ‐phosphate of ATP. Furthermore, our studies show that the phosphorylated p53 TAD1 (p53pSer15) peptide binds more strongly to CK1δ than does p53. p53 adopts a helical structure when bound to CK1δ, which is lost upon phosphorylation at Ser15, thus gaining higher flexibility and ability to morph into the binding site. We propose that upon phosphorylation at Ser15 the p53 TAD1 peptide binds to CK1δ through an electrostatically driven induced fit mechanism resulting in a flanking fuzzy complex.
Status and Future of Process Mining: From Process Discovery to Process Execution
Authors: Reinkemeyer Lars 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the last two decades Process Mining has seen a rapid global adoption: first in academics and then in corporate business. It has evolved into a foundational technology, allowing users to discover actual process flows with unprecedented transparency, speed, and detail. In a business environment Process Mining has no purpose of its own, but companies leverage it to identify process inefficiencies, improve process execution and ultimately drive value. Process discovery and transparency does not provide immediate business value, but requires specific use cases combined with human intelligence to identify and deploy levers for process improvement. In this article we argue that the future focus and evolution of Process Mining shall not focus on lateral expansion - i.e. with further processes and discoveries - but vertically by enhancing the depth of added value for business users with artificial intelligence, proactive and predictive enablement and other levers which boost process execution. In essence, focus should be on deploying smarter technologies for driving business value in process areas where Process Mining has shown impact.
Process Mining for Financial Auditing
Authors: Jans Mieke , Eulerich Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the last years, process mining has increasingly demonstrated its potential as a valuable tool for internal and external auditors. Thereby, the possible use cases in the field of auditing are manifold. This chapter focuses especially on the use of process mining in the context of financial audits, which are relevant for both, internal and external auditors. Beside a short explanation of the different types of auditors, this chapter aims to connect process mining to the different process steps of an internal (and later also external) audit and discusses the similarities and differences between both areas.
Scaling Process Mining to Turn Insights into Actions
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M. P. , Carmona Josep 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis final chapter reflects on the current status of the process mining discipline and provides an outlook on upcoming developments and challenges. The broader adoption of process mining will be a gradual process. Process mining is already used for high-volume processes in large organizations, but over time process mining will also become the “new normal” for smaller organizations and processes with fewer cases. To get the highest return on investment, organizations need to “scale” their process mining activities. Also, from a research point-of-view, there are many exciting challenges. On the one hand, many of the original problems (e.g., discovering high-quality process models and scaling conformance checking) remain (partly) unsolved, still allowing for significant improvements. On the other hand, the large-scale use of process mining provides many research opportunities and generates novel scientific questions.