bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Custom Silicone Foot Orthosis for Partial Calcanectomy Fabricated Using a 3D-Printed Mold
Authors: Putra Ketut B. , Wood Heather , Wensman Jeffrey , Leonard James A. , Shih Albert 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patients with partial foot amputations are prone to skin breakdown due to concentrated contact stress and shearing. A custom silicone foot orthosis (FO) can be used to redistribute the concentrated stress and reduce the shearing and discomfort of the skin of a patient with partial calcanectomy. This study presents a custom silicone FO, which is molded using a 3D-printed mold.

Methods
The subject's left (amputated) partial foot and right (intact) foot were scanned using a 3D scanner. A custom silicone FO was designed by modifying the models of both feet. A mold for the FO was designed using computer-aided design software and fabricated by 3D printing. Room temperature vulcanization silicone was molded to fabricate the FO. The fit of the FO was clinically evaluated by the subject walking with the FO.

Results
A custom silicone FO was fabricated using a 3D-printed mold.

Conclusions
The custom silicone FO follows the contour of the residual foot to distribute pressure away from bony prominences during standing and ambulation. 3D printing of the mold can reduce labor time and material cost while facilitating the digital record when compared with a conventional plaster casting approach.

Clinical Relevance
The 3D printing approach used to fabricate the custom silicone FO may be applied to develop custom silicone orthotic/prosthetic devices for other types of partial foot amputations.
Changes in the Vaginal Microbiota of Women With Secondary Localized Provoked Vulvodynia
Authors: Awad-Igbaria Yaseen , Palzur Eilam , Nasser Manal , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , Bornstein Jacob 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The etiology of localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) remains unknown, but observations suggest the involvement of the vaginal microbiota. We examined the vaginal microbiota of women with LPV and healthy controls, upon after a low-oxalate diet (LOD).

Materials and Methods
A total of 9 women diagnosed with secondary LPV and 21 healthy controls were recruited from the Galilee Medical Center in Israel and subjected to prospective evaluations of their vaginal microbiota. Total DNA was extracted from vaginal discharge samples provided before and after following LOD for 3 weeks and was then subjected to 16S sequencing. Data obtained were then used to evaluate α and β diversity, identify differentially abundant bacterial taxa in LPV, and determine their impact on the metabolism.

Results
These evaluations revealed decreased diversity in the vaginal microbiota of women with LPV and identified the Ochrobactrum genus and Pseudomonadaceae family as indicators for LPV. In addition, we identified 23 differentially expressed bacterial metabolic pathways between the LPV and control samples and revealed that LOD could induce changes in the β diversity of LPV vaginal microbiomes, which was further supported by some degree of pain reduction in patients.

Conclusions
Localized provoked vulvodynia and LOD were associated with shifts in the vaginal microbiota. However, the impact of these changes on the development of LPV requires additional studies with a larger cohort.
Mastoidectomy Training: Is Anatomical Variation Needed? A Randomized, Controlled Trial on Performance and Skills Transfer From Virtual Reality to a Three-Dimensional Printed Model
Authors: Arnesen Karoline Abildsø , Frithioff Andreas , Sørensen Mads Sølvsten , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts , Frendø Martin 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Virtual reality (VR) simulation-based training effectively improves novices' mastoidectomy skills. Unfortunately, learning plateaus at an insufficient level and knowledge on optimizing mastoidectomy training to overcome this plateau is needed. In this study, we aim to investigate how training on anatomically different temporal bone cases affects learning, including the effect on retention and transfer of skills.

Study Design
Randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention.

Setting
The Simulation Center at Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation.

Participants
Twenty-four medical students from the University of Copenhagen.

Intervention
Participants were randomized to practice mastoidectomy on either 12 anatomically varying (intervention group) or 12 identical (control group) cases in a VR simulator. At the end of training and again ~ 3 weeks after training (retention), learners were tested on a new VR patient case and a three-dimensional printed model.

Main Outcome Measure
Mastoidectomy performance evaluated by blinded expert raters using a 26-item modified Welling Scale.

Results
The intervention and control groups' performance results were comparable at the end of training. Likewise, retention and transfer performances were similar between groups. The overall mean score at the end of training corresponded to approximately 70% of the possible maximum score.

Conclusions
Simulation-based training using anatomical variation was equivalent to training on a single case with respect to acquisition, retention, and transfer of mastoidectomy skills. This suggests that efforts to expose novices to variation during initial training are unnecessary as this variation has limited effect, and—conversely—that educators can expose novices to naturally different anatomical variations without worry of hindered learning.
Update on Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Authors: Tabah Alexis , Laupland Kevin B. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To review recently published evidence relevant to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).

Recent findings

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing co-infections and superinfections in patients with COVID-19. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia ratios have sharply risen during the pandemic. SAB mortality is 18% at 1 month and 27% at 3 months but has gradually decreased over the last 30 years. Recurrences and reinfections are common (9%). Standardised items to define complicated SAB, and a new cut-off defining persisting bacteremia after 2 days with positive blood cultures have been proposed. Multiple antibiotic combinations have been trialled including vancomycin or daptomycin with β-lactams, fosfomycin, or clindamycin, without significant results. In the recently published guidelines, vancomycin remains the first line of treatment for MRSA bacteremia. For the management of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, cefazolin less frequently causes acute kidney injury than flucloxacillin, and when susceptibility is demonstrated, de-escalation to penicillin G is suggested.

Summary
Our review confirms that Staphylococcus aureus represents a special aetiology among all causes of bloodstream infections. Pending results of platform and larger trials, its distinct epidemiology and determinants mandate careful integration of clinical variables and best available evidence to optimize patient outcomes.
Prevalence of stress among nursing students: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Yan-xue , Jiao Jia-Ru , Hao Wen-Nv 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Our main purpose is to evaluate the prevalence of stress among nursing students systematically.

Methods:
Adhering to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, we carefully searched ten databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, and China Biomedical Literature Service System, to collect cross-sectional studies on nursing students. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies.

Results:
From 1397 studies, 27 cross-sectional studies were included, including 7116 subjects. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of low-level stress was 0.24% [95% CI (0.24% to 0.25%)], the prevalence of middle level stress was 0.35% [95% CI (0.35% to 0.35%)], and the prevalence of high-level stress was 0.10% [95% CI (0.10% to 0.10%)]. The results of subgroup analysis showed that stress levels are different in different genders, diagnostic criteria for stress, years of publication, and regions.

Conclusions:
This review identified the stress levels of nursing interns, which were mainly moderate. This result makes nursing administrators and nursing educators pay more attention to the mental health problems of nursing interns, which can actively take measures to promote the physical and mental health of nursing students, improve the quality of nursing students’ practice, and further promote the development of the nursing profession.
Assessment of quality of life determinants in hemodialysis patients of a developing country: A cross-sectional study during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Ahsan Muhammad Nadeem , Mal Pooran , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Yasmin Farah , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives:
Patients of end-stage renal disease are prone to have a very low quality of life (QoL). Variety of factors influence the QoL among sufferers of chronic kidney disease comprising of type of dialysis, sufficiency/adequacy of dialysis, and associated burden of disease. We conducted this study amidst the pandemic to determine the associated factors for poor QoL in hemodialysis patients during the ongoing pandemic.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hemodialysis unit of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 118 participants responded to the validated questionnaire of Quality of Life Index-dialysis version-III (QLI). Higher scores signify good QoL, total scores are further categorized into subgroups desirable, relatively desirable and undesirable.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 57.36 ± 10.03 years and mean body mass index of 26.73 ± 5.54 kg/m2. The mean total QoL of the study population was found quite low (12.99 ± 5.89). Majority of respondents fell in undesirable category of QoL (49.2%). Total QoL (P = 0.004) and subscale health/functioning (P = 0.003) were significantly lower in females. All the subscales along with total QoL scores were found lower in twice-weekly dialyzed patients (P < 0.001). Marital status (P = 0.049) and twice-weekly dialysis (P < 0.001) were found significant with undesirable QoL. On multivariate analysis, significant determinants of undesirable QoL were twice-weekly dialysis (P = 0.001), catheter access (P = 0.034), phosphate (P = 0.005) and uric acid (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Inadequate dialysis due to lesser frequency per week leading to poorly cleared toxic substances were most significant contributors of poor QoL in our study.
Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy and moist wound care in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Nan , Li Shuang-Shuang , Liu Ya-Ping , Peng Ying-Ying , Wang Peng-Fei 
Published: August 2022

Background:
This study conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety of the negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with the moist wound care (MWC) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods:
The PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched by 2 of the authors, to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the clinical outcomes of patients treated with NPWT versus MWC for DFUs. Meta-analyses were performed for several outcomes, including wound healing results, amputation or resection incidence, and risk of adverse events, utilizing the “meta” package of R language version 4.0.3.

Results:
A total of 10 trials (619 patients in NPWT group and 625 in MWC group) and 8 trials were included for the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. As a result, significantly lower risk of non-closure of the wound (risk ratio [RR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.87; P = .001), lower average wound area (standard mean difference = −0.80, 95% CI: −1.54 to −0.06; P = .034), more wound area decrease (standard mean difference = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.36–1.26; P = .001), increased appearance rate of granulation tissue (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07–2.41; P-0.021), and lower risk of amputation or resection (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99; P = .045), were demonstrated for the NPWT group when compared to MWC group. However, no statistically significant difference was found for the disappearance rate of wound discharge at 8 weeks, the rate of blood culture positivity, VAS-pain score, and the overall frequency of adverse events between the 2 treatment groups (P = .05).

Conclusion:
NPWT could accelerate process of the wound healing, and decrease the risk of post-treatment amputation or resection, without any additional frequency of adverse events, when compared with MWC, in patients with DFUs.
The analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell and ceRNA networks in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Dan , Dong Kaifeng , Su Jing , Xue Haitao , Tian Junhai , Wu Yongfeng , Wang Jingtian 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common forms of head and neck cancers. However, few studies have focused on the correlation between competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) and immune cells in LSCC.

Methods:
RNAseq expression of LSCC and adjacent tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas to establish a ceRNA network. The key gene in ceRNA was screened by the cox regression analysis to establish a prognostic risk assessment model. The CIBERSORT algorithm was then used to screen important tumor-infiltrating cells related to LSCC. Finally, co-expression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between key genes in the ceRNA network and tumor-infiltrating cells. The external datasets were used to validate critical biomarkers.

Results:
We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model of key genes in the ceRNA network. As it turned out, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed significant differences in overall survival rates between high-risk and low-risk groups (P < .001). The survival rate of the high-risk group was drastically lower than that of the low-risk group, and the AUC of 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were all above 0.7. In addition, some immune infiltrating cells were also found to be related to LSCC. In the co-expression analysis, there is a negative correlation between plasma cells and TUBB3 (r = −0.33, P = .0013). External dataset validation also supports this result.

Conclusion:
In this study, we found that some key genes (SLC35C1, CLDN23, HOXB7, STC2, TMEM158, TNFRSF4, TUBB3) and immune cells (plasma cells) may correspond to the prognosis of LSCC.
Development of a SETD2-related immune prognostic signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xingyuan , Xia Zhinan , Li Zhiyuan , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor of urinary system, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the major pathological subtype. A high-frequency mutation in SETD2 gene is related to the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of RCC.

Objective:
The research of immune-related genes (IRGs) is important to the success of immunotherapy in RCC. The aim of this study was to develop SETD2-related immune prognostic signature (IPS) potentially useful in the prognosis prediction of ccRCC.

Methods:
The expression profile, mutation profile, and clinical data related to ccRCC were obtained from the TCGA (Cancer Genome Atlas) and cBioPortal databases. The data of IRGs were downloaded from the ImmPort database.

Results:
An IPS with 5 genes (PDIA2, PAEP, AMELX, GREM2, and INHA) was constructed by analyzing the correlation between prognosis data and IRGs associated with ccRCC patients with wild type and mutant SETD2 genes. The clinical utility of the IPS and its relationship with immune microenvironment were also studied.

Conclusions:
According to the results of this study, the IPS can be a promising biomarker of ccRCC to guide its prognosis and treatment.
A novel ferroptosis-related long noncoding RNA signature for relapse free survival prediction in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yuzhi , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2022

Ferroptosis is the process of cell death dependent on iron. Growing evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays vital roles in the biological process of many cancers. However, just a small number of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs have been explored in depth.
Ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in breast cancer (BC) were identified by co-expression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). The whole set was divided into a training set and a test set with a 1:1 ratio. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO analyses were performed to establish a signature in the 3 sets. Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for the 3 sets validated the effectiveness and robustness of the signature. Besides, we also explore the relationship between this and clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, the nomogram was drawn by screening indicators of independent recurrent prediction. Finally, we evaluated the relationships between the signature and tumor microenvironment.
We identified 391 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and constructed a 5 lncRNAs-based signature in the training, test, and whole sets, stratifying patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. According to survival analysis, patients in the high-risk groups had worse relapse free survival (RFS) compared to the low risk-groups. The ROC curves indicated that the recurrent signature had a promising predictive capability for BC patients. Moreover, an independent factors-based nomogram model could offer the quantitative prediction and net benefit for the recurrence of BC patients. Finally, the microenvironment, including tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune cell functions and immune checkpoints, showed big differences between the 2 groups.
The 5 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and their signature might be novel promising biomarkers and immunotherapy targets for patients with BC.
Effects of a cognitive rehabilitation program based on mnemonic skills and memory compensatory strategies for older adults: A pilot study
Authors: Kim Hyerim , Lee Jimin , Man Chang Sung , Kim Byung-Soo 
Published: August 2022

Background:
With the aging of the population, the number of people with age-related memory complaints has also increased. The purpose of this study was to develop a cognitive rehabilitation program based on mnemonic skills and memory compensatory strategies (CRM) and to investigate the effects of CRM in community-dwelling older adults without dementia.

Methods:
This study was an open-label, single-arm, pilot study. We developed a CRM program comprising 8 weekly sessions. The study participants consisted of older adults with normal cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). They were recruited from eight dementia counseling centers and one senior welfare center. To assess the effects of CRM, we administered the following tests at baseline and after completion of the program: Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, the Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale, the Euro Quality of life–5 Dimension, and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery.

Results:
Thirty-two participants completed the study. Among older adults with normal cognitive function, CRM showed significant improvement in verbal memory function. Among the older adults with MCI, CRM showed significant improvements in language ability, verbal recognition memory, nonverbal memory, attention, and processing speed.

Conclusion:
CRM improved cognitive function in two distinct populations, older adults with normal cognitive function and older adults with MCI. Additionally, our preliminary findings suggest that older adults with MCI show cognitive improvement in both the trained and non-trained cognitive domains.
Comprehensive metabolomics study on the pathogenesis of anaplastic astrocytoma via UPLC-Q/TOF-MS
Authors: Du Chao , Huang Zhehao , Wei Bo , Li Miao 
Published: August 2022

Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is a malignant carcinoma whose pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. System biology techniques have been widely used to clarify the mechanism of diseases from a systematic perspective.
The present study aimed to explore the pathogenesis and novel potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of AA according to metabolic differences. Patients with AA (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 15) were recruited. Serum was assayed with untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) metabolomic techniques. The data were further evaluated using multivariate analysis and bioinformatic methods based on the KEGG database to determine the distinct metabolites and perturbed pathways.
Principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified the significance of the distinct metabolic pattern between patients with AA and healthy controls (P < .001) in both ESI modes. Permutation testing confirmed the validity of the OPLS-DA model (permutation = 200, Q2 < 0.5). In total, 24 differentiated metabolites and 5 metabolic pathways, including sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, caffeine, linoleic acid, and porphyrin metabolism, were identified based on the OPLS-DA model. 3-Methylxanthine, sphinganine, LysoPC(18:1), and lactosylceramide were recognized as potential biomarkers with excellent sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve > 98%).
These findings indicate that the perturbed metabolic pattern related to immune regulation and cellular signal transduction is associated with the pathogenesis of AA. 3-Methylxanthine, sphinganine, LysoPC(18:1), and lactosylceramide could be used as biomarkers of AA in future clinical practice. This study provides a therapeutic basis for further studies on the mechanism and precise clinical diagnosis of AA.
Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) of COVID-19 telerehabilitation: Prospective pilot program
Authors: Bordas-Martinez Jaume , Matéu Gómez Lluís , Cámara Menoyo David , López-Sánchez Marta , Santos Salud , Molina-Molina Maria , Planas Rosa 
Published: August 2022

Telemedicine is proving to be a useful tool in the telemonitoring of respiratory patients and telerehabilitation programs. The use of telemedicine has been proposed by the main medical societies because of the limited resources and the healthcare workers infection risk in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
The aim of this pilot program is to evaluate the feasibility of COVID-19 telerehabilitation program from the hospital to the home with clinical, functional and patient satisfaction outcomes. Rehabilitation was initiated in the hospital by a physiotherapist and complemented by “Estoi” (a mobile application), which was continued at home with telemonitoring and messaging with the medical team. Patients’ habitual use of smartphones was not queried for inclusion.
Sixteen patients were consecutively enrolled, 47% women with a mean age of 63 years old. 50% of patients completed ≥15 rehabilitation sessions. In total, 88% of patients referred that the mobile application incentive them to do more physical therapy, and 63% would choose telerehabilitation instead of center-based rehabilitation for new rehabilitation programs. Patient satisfaction (0–10) for the mobile application was 8.4 and 8.9 for the telerehabilitation program.
Beginning telerehabilitation in the hospital could increase the efficacy and efficiency of physical therapy, which is safe for patients and healthcare workers. Following at home, this telerehabilitation program seems to encourage and empower patients who have reported high satisfaction. Further randomized studies with larger numbers of patients and multicenter studies are required to evaluate these results.