bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous extraction of a malpositioned subclavian arterial pacing lead using the retained wire technique and a vascular closure device: a case report
Authors: Ng Primero , Paul Vince , Shetty Sharad , Lambert James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Inadvertent lead malposition (ILM) in the left ventricle (LV) via the subclavian artery is a rare complication during the insertion of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). If not identified, there is a risk of systemic thromboembolism. Transarterial pacing lead extraction often requires surgical removal and carries high risks of bleeding and thromboembolism, but percutaneous extraction has also been previously described.

Case summary
A 71-year-old female presented with left homonymous hemianopia on Day 1 post-insertion of a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker (PPM). A computed tomography (CT) angiogram of the brain and aortic arch revealed an acute occlusion of a branch of the right posterior circulating artery (PCA) and a malpositioned pacing lead in the left subclavian artery. Urgent percutaneous removal of the transarterial lead using the retained wire technique was successfully performed.

Discussion
Inadvertent lead malposition in the arterial system is rare and often requires lead extraction due to systemic thromboembolic complications. The retained wire technique has been previously described for percutaneous transvenous lead extraction and exchange, but to our knowledge, we are the first to report utilizing this technique for transarterial lead extraction. Using a case report, we highlight the utility, safety, and effectiveness of the retained wire technique in extracting a malposition lead in the subclavian artery and LV.
Empagliflozin and serum potassium in heart failure: an analysis from EMPEROR-Pooled
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Zannad Faiez , Butler Javed , Filipattos Gerasimos , Ritter Ivana , Schüler Elke , Kraus Bettina J , Pocock Stuart J , Anker Stefan D , Packer Milton 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
Hyperkalaemia frequently leads to interruption and discontinuation of neurohormonal antagonists, which may worsen heart failure prognosis. Some studies suggested that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce hyperkalaemia, an effect that may have important clinical implications. This analysis evaluates the effect of empagliflozin on the occurrence of hyper- and hypokalaemia in HF.

Methods and results
EMPEROR-Pooled (i.e. EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved combined) included 9583 patients with available serum potassium levels at baseline (98.6% of the total EMPEROR-Pooled population, n = 9718). Hyperkalaemia was identified by investigators’ reports of adverse events, and by a laboratory serum potassium value above 5.5 mmol/L and 6.0 mmol/L. The main outcome was a composite of investigator-reported hyperkalaemia or initiation of potassium binders. Patients with high potassium at baseline were more frequently diagnosed with diabetes and ischaemic HF aetiology and had lower left ventricular ejection fraction and estimated glomerular filtration rate but were more frequently treated with sacubitril/valsartan or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Empagliflozin (compared with placebo) reduced the composite of investigator-reported hyperkalaemia or initiation of potassium binders [6.5% vs. 7.7%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.95, P = 0.01]. Empagliflozin reduced hyperkalaemia rates regardless of the definition used (serum potassium &gt;5.5 mmol/l: 8.6% vs. 9.9%, HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.97, P = 0.017; serum potassium &gt;6.0 mmol/l: 1.9% vs. 2.9%, HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48–0.81, P &lt; 0.001). The incidence of hypokalaemia (investigator-reported or serum potassium &lt;3.0 mmol/l) was not significantly increased with empagliflozin.

Conclusions
Empagliflozin reduced the incidence of hyperkalaemia without significant increase in hypokalaemia.
Assembly of complete diploid-phased chromosomes from draft genome sequences
Authors: Minio Andrea , Cochetel Noé , Vondras Amanda M , Massonnet Mélanie , Cantu Dario 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
De novo genome assembly is essential for genomic research. High-quality genomes assembled into phased pseudomolecules are challenging to produce and often contain assembly errors because of repeats, heterozygosity, or the chosen assembly strategy. Although algorithms that produce partially phased assemblies exist, haploid draft assemblies that may lack biological information remain favored because they are easier to generate and use. We developed HaploSync, a suite of tools that produces fully phased, chromosome-scale diploid genome assemblies, and performs extensive quality control to limit assembly artifacts. HaploSync scaffolds sequences from a draft diploid assembly into phased pseudomolecules guided by a genetic map and/or the genome of a closely related species. HaploSync generates a report that visualizes the relationships between current and legacy sequences, for both haplotypes, and displays their gene and marker content. This quality control helps the user identify misassemblies and guides Haplosync’s correction of scaffolding errors. Finally, HaploSync fills assembly gaps with unplaced sequences and resolves collapsed homozygous regions. In a series of plant, fungal, and animal kingdom case studies, we demonstrate that HaploSync efficiently increases the assembly contiguity of phased chromosomes, improves completeness by filling gaps, corrects scaffolding, and correctly phases highly heterozygous, complex regions.
Impact of social determinants of health on improving the LACE index for 30-day unplanned readmission prediction
Authors: Belouali Anas , Bai Haibin , Raja Kanimozhi , Liu Star , Ding Xiyu , Kharrazi Hadi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Early and accurate prediction of patients at risk of readmission is key to reducing costs and improving outcomes. LACE is a widely used score to predict 30-day readmissions. We examine whether adding social determinants of health (SDOH) to LACE can improve its predictive performance.

Methods
This is a retrospective study that included all inpatient encounters in the state of Maryland in 2019. We constructed predictive models by fitting Logistic Regression (LR) on LACE and different sets of SDOH predictors. We used the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate discrimination and SHapley Additive exPlanations values to assess feature importance.

Results
Our study population included 316 558 patients of whom 35 431 (11.19%) patients were readmitted after 30 days. Readmitted patients had more challenges with individual-level SDOH and were more likely to reside in communities with poor SDOH conditions. Adding a combination of individual and community-level SDOH improved LACE performance from AUC = 0.698 (95% CI [0.695–0.7]; ref) to AUC = 0.708 (95% CI [0.705–0.71]; P &lt; .001). The increase in AUC was highest in black patients (+1.6), patients aged 65 years or older (+1.4), and male patients (+1.4).

Discussion
We demonstrated the value of SDOH in improving the LACE index. Further, the additional predictive value of SDOH on readmission risk varies by subpopulations. Vulnerable populations like black patients and the elderly are likely to benefit more from the inclusion of SDOH in readmission prediction.

Conclusion
These findings provide potential SDOH factors that health systems and policymakers can target to reduce overall readmissions.
Mechanical and fluid characteristics of triply periodic minimal surface bone scaffolds under various functionally graded strategies
Authors: Karuna Chatchai , Poltue Teerapong , Khrueaduangkham Suppakrit , Promoppatum Patcharapit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing has enabled the fabrication of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). These structures are widely acknowledged for their suitability in bone implant applications. Nevertheless, although it is essential for TPMS-based implants to exhibit graded features to mimic those of natural bones for desirable functionality, the effect of graded features on mechanical properties, flow behavior, and geometrical morphologies requires further clarification. As a result, this study carried out a comprehensive numerical and experimental assessment on the impact of graded IWP structures on the effective elastic modulus, Gaussian curvature, permeability, and fluid-induced wall shear stress. Among various TPMS architectures, the IWP structure was chosen to be explored in this work owing to its favorable physical responses for bone tissue ingrowth as reported in the literature. Overall, we found that the grading features had a considerable impact on the global response such as the effective modulus and fluid permeability. However, the local response such as Gaussian curvatures and fluid-induced wall shear stress was significantly less affected.
The intrinsic reddening of the Magellanic Clouds as traced by background galaxies – III. The Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Bell Cameron P M , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , Wright Angus H , Nidever David L , Chiang I-Da , Choudhury Samyaday , Groenewegen Martin A T , Pennock Clara M , Choi Yumi , de Grijs Richard , Ivanov Valentin D , Massana Pol , Nanni Ambra , Noël Noelia E D , Olsen Knut , van Loon Jacco Th , Vivas A Katherina , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a map of the total intrinsic reddening across ≃ 90 deg2 of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) derived using optical (ugriz) and near-infrared (IR; YJKs) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of background galaxies. The reddening map is created from a sample of 222 752 early-type galaxies based on the lephareχ2 minimization SED-fitting routine. We find excellent agreement between the regions of enhanced intrinsic reddening across the central (4 × 4 deg2) region of the LMC and the morphology of the low-level pervasive dust emission as traced by far-IR emission. In addition, we are able to distinguish smaller, isolated enhancements that are coincident with known star-forming regions and the clustering of young stars observed in morphology maps. The level of reddening associated with the molecular ridge south of 30 Doradus is, however, smaller than in the literature reddening maps. The reduced number of galaxies detected in this region, due to high extinction and crowding, may bias our results towards lower reddening values. Our map is consistent with maps derived from red clump stars and from the analysis of the star formation history across the LMC. This study represents one of the first large-scale categorizations of extragalactic sources behind the LMC and as such we provide the lephare outputs for our full sample of ∼ 2.5 million sources.
Recombination Landscape Divergence Between Populations is Marked by Larger Low-Recombining Regions in Domesticated Rye
Authors: Schreiber Mona , Gao Yixuan , Koch Natalie , Fuchs Joerg , Heckmann Stefan , Himmelbach Axel , Börner Andreas , Özkan Hakan , Maurer Andreas , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin , Dreissig Steven 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The genomic landscape of recombination plays an essential role in evolution. Patterns of recombination are highly variable along chromosomes, between sexes, individuals, populations, and species. In many eukaryotes, recombination rates are elevated in sub-telomeric regions and drastically reduced near centromeres, resulting in large low-recombining (LR) regions. The processes of recombination are influenced by genetic factors, such as different alleles of genes involved in meiosis and chromatin structure, as well as external environmental stimuli like temperature and overall stress. In this work, we focused on the genomic landscapes of recombination in a collection of 916 rye (Secale cereale) individuals. By analyzing population structure among individuals of different domestication status and geographic origin, we detected high levels of admixture, reflecting the reproductive biology of a self-incompatible, wind-pollinating grass species. We then analyzed patterns of recombination in overlapping subpopulations, which revealed substantial variation in the physical size of LR regions, with a tendency for larger LR regions in domesticated subpopulations. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) for LR region size revealed a major quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) at which, among 18 annotated genes, an ortholog of histone H4 acetyltransferase ESA1 was located. Rye individuals belonging to domesticated subpopulations showed increased synaptonemal complex length, but no difference in crossover frequency, indicating that only the recombination landscape is different. Furthermore, the genomic region harboring rye ScESA1 showed moderate patterns of selection in domesticated subpopulations, suggesting that larger LR regions were indirectly selected during domestication to achieve more homogeneous populations for agricultural use.
Successful treatment with tofacitinib for relapse of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis
Authors: Hama Satoshi , Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Higashida-Konishi Misako , Oshige Tatsuhiro , Takei Hiroshi , Izumi Keisuke , Oshima Hisaji , Okano Yutaka 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody is associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). Recently, several studies have reported that tofacitinib (TOF), a Janus kinase inhibitor, might be effective for cases of new or refractory RP-ILD in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive CADM; however, it is unknown whether TOF can also be effective for relapsed cases. We herein report a relapsed case of RP-ILD in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive CADM, which was successfully treated by combination therapy with TOF (5 mg twice daily). Our case suggests that TOF may also be a potential treatment option for relapsed cases of this disease.
Schlafen 5 suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription by commandeering cellular epigenetic machinery
Authors: Ding Jiwei , Wang Shujie , Wang Zhen , Chen Shumin , Zhao Jianyuan , Solomon Magan , Liu Zhenlong , Guo Fei , Ma Ling , Wen Jiajia , Li Xiaoyu , Liang Chen , Cen Shan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Schlafen-5 (SLFN5) is an interferon-induced protein of the Schlafen family, which are involved in immune responses and oncogenesis. To date, little is known regarding its anti-HIV-1 function. Here, the authors report that overexpression of SLFN5 inhibits HIV-1 replication and reduces viral mRNA levels, whereas depletion of endogenous SLFN5 promotes HIV-1 replication. Moreover, they show that SLFN5 markedly decreases the transcriptional activity of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) via binding to two sequences in the U5-R region, which consequently represses the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the transcription initiation site. Mutagenesis studies show the importance of nuclear localization and the N-terminal 1–570 amino acids fragment in the inhibition of HIV-1. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that SLFN5 interacts with components of the PRC2 complex, G9a and Histone H3, thereby promoting H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 modification leading to silencing HIV-1 transcription. In concert with this, they find that SLFN5 blocks the activation of latent HIV-1. Altogether, their findings demonstrate that SLFN5 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 through epigenetic modulation and a potential determinant of HIV-1 latency.
(NH4)3B11PO19F3: a deep-UV nonlinear optical crystal with unique [B5PO10F]∞ layers
Authors: Cheng Bingliang , Li Zijian , Chu Yu , Tudi Abudukadi , Mutailipu Miriding , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeep-ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that can extend the output range of coherent light below 200 nm are pivotal materials for solid-state lasers. To date, KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) is the only usable crystal that can generate DUV coherent light by direct second harmonic generation (SHG), but the layered growth habit and toxic ingredients limit its application. Herein, we report a new fluoroborophosphate, (NH4)3B11PO19F3 (ABPF), containing four different functional units: [BO3], [BO4], [BO3F] and [PO4]. ABPF exhibits a KBBF-like structure while eliminating the limitations of KBBF crystal. The unique [B5PO10F]∞ layers enhance ABPF’s performance; for example, it has a large SHG response (1.2 × KDP) and a sufficient birefringence (0.088 at 1064 nm) that enables the shortest phase-matching wavelength to reach the DUV region. Meanwhile, the introduction of strong B-O-P covalent bonds decreases the layered growth habit. These findings will enrich the structural chemistry of fluoroborophosphate and contribute to the discovery of more excellent DUV NLO crystals.
Pediatric Tularemia—A Case Series From a Single Center in Switzerland
Authors: Schöbi Nina , Agyeman Philipp K A , Duppenthaler Andrea , Bartenstein Andreas , Keller Peter M , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Schmidt Kristina M , Kopp Matthias V , Aebi Christoph 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The incidence of tularemia has recently increased throughout Europe. Pediatric tularemia typically presents with ulceroglandular or glandular disease and requires antimicrobial therapy not used in the empirical management of childhood acute lymphadenitis. We describe the clinical presentation and course in a case series comprising 20 patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of a single-center case series of microbiologically confirmed tularemia in patients &lt;16 years of age diagnosed between 2010 and 2021.

Results
Nineteen patients (95%) presented with ulceroglandular (n = 14) or glandular disease (n = 5), respectively. A characteristic entry site lesion (eschar) was present in 14 (74%). Fever was present at illness onset in 15 patients (75%) and disappeared in all patients before targeted therapy was initiated. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology in 18 patients (90%). While immunochromatography was positive as early as on day 7, a microagglutination test titer 1:≥160 was found no earlier than on day 13. Sixteen patients (80%) were initially treated with an antimicrobial agent ineffective against F. tularensis. The median delay (range) from illness onset to initiation of targeted therapy was 12 (6–40) days. Surgical incision and drainage were ultimately performed in 12 patients (60%).

Conclusions
Pediatric tularemia in Switzerland usually presents with early, self-limiting fever and a characteristic entry site lesion with regional lymphadenopathy draining the scalp or legs. Particularly in association with a tick exposure history, this presentation may allow early first-line therapy with an agent specifically targeting F. tularensis, potentially obviating the need for surgical therapy.
Rituximab dose-dependent infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis is not mediated through circulating immunoglobulins, neutrophils or B cells
Authors: Opdam Merel A A , de Leijer J H , den Broeder Nathan , Thurlings Rogier M , van der Weele Wilfred , Nurmohamed Michael T , Kok Marc R , van Bon Lenny , Ten Cate David F , Verhoef Lise M , den Broeder Alfons A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesRituximab (RTX) is a safe and effective treatment for RA. A dose-dependent infection risk was found in the REDO trial. Some studies associate RTX use with higher infection risks, possibly explained by low immunoglobulin levels and/or neutropenia. Additionally, a higher infection risk shortly after RTX infusion is reported. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare incidence rates of infections between doses and over time, and (ii) to assess B-cell counts, immunoglobulin levels, neutrophil counts and corticosteroid/disease modifying rheumatic drug use as mediating factors between RTX study dose and infection risk.MethodsPost hoc analyses of the REDO trial were performed. Infection incidence rates between RTX dosing groups and between time periods were compared using Poisson regression. A step-wise mediation analysis was performed to investigate if any of the factors mentioned above act as a mediator in the observed dose-dependent difference in infection risk.ResultsThe potential mediators that were investigated (circulating B-cell counts, immunoglobulin levels, neutrophil counts and drug use) did not explain the dose-dependent infection risk observed in the REDO trial. Additionally, a trend towards a time-dependent infection risk was found, with higher infection rates shortly after RTX infusion.ConclusionsThese secondary analyses of the REDO trial confirmed the observed dose-dependent infection risk. Additionally, we found that infection risks were higher shortly after RTX infusion. However, a mediating pathway was not found.
DNA from macrophages induces fibrosis and vasculopathy through POLR3A/STING/type I interferon axis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Liu Chaofan , Tang Jiaxuan , Luo Wei , Liu Shiying , Sun Xiaolei , Hong Wenxuan , Zhou Xing , Lu Jinghao , Li Ming , Zhu Lubing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
To clarify the role of RNA polymerase III A (POLR3A)/type I IFN in the pathogenesis of SSc.

Methods
Cytosolic DNA and stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway in skin or serum of SSc patients were detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. DNA from human macrophages was transfected to SSc fibroblasts or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and then markers of POLR3A/STING pathway were detected by real-time qPCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy. After H151 treatment or knocking down POLR3A/STING, type I IFN response, monocytes adhesion and activation of fibroblasts and HUVECs were evaluated. Regulation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In bleomycin (BLM)-induced SSc mice, the effect of STING knockout or H151 on vasculopathy and fibrosis was assessed.

Results
Cytosolic DNA, colocalization of STING with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) or CD31 in the skin, and STING pathway in the serum of SSc patients were increased. Macrophage-derived DNA stimulated the translocation of POLR3A from nucleus to the perinuclear region near STING and activated POLR3A/STING/type I IFN response, monocytes adhesion and MCP-1 expression in fibroblasts/HUVECs and collagen overproduction of fibroblasts. The activated IRF3 bound to the promoter of MCP-1. STING deficiency or H151 administration ameliorated fibrosis and vasculopathy both in vitro and in BLM-induced SSc mice.

Conclusions
SSc presented increased DNA leakage and STING pathway activation. DNA from macrophages induced type I IFN signature of fibroblasts and ECs through POLR3A/STING pathway. Blocking POLR3A/STING axis provides a new therapeutic target for SSc.