bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring China's Potential Child Poverty
Authors: Shen Yangyang , Alkire Sabina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates child poverty in China using 2018 data from the China Household Income Project. Applying the Alkire–Foster drawer approach, we constructed a multidimensional poverty indicator system that accounted for multiple factors contributing to a child's development and well‐being, based on which we estimated multidimensional poverty experienced by children. Children's poverty varied by age, gender, rural/urban settings, and geographic region. By extending the Alkire–Foster drawer approach, two important features of child poverty in China were found, which had normally been neglected by per capita poverty measures: poor children in nonpoor families and unequal allocations to different children within the same families. The results showed that more than 40 percent of multidimensionally poor children lived in nonpoor families. Unequal resource allocation within families was observed in half of the families. These two features of child poverty require more policy attention and the Chinese government should prioritize addre ssing multidimensional child poverty.
The impact of clinical nutrition on inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Gürtler Anne , Laurenz Schmitt 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe influence of nutrition on the pathophysiology and clinical severity of inflammatory facial dermatoses such as acne, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, and perioral dermatitis has been controversially discussed for years. As part of a modern treatment approach, clinicians should provide patients with information on how their choice of diet might impact their dermatologic diagnosis and could potentially enhance therapeutic outcome. Recently, the concept of a gut‐skin axis has gained momentum in the understanding of inflammatory dermatoses, with nutrition considered a contributing factor in this context. For example, gastrointestinal symptoms in rosacea patients may indicate a dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, treatment of which may also improve severity of the skin disease. New research efforts were recently made for acne patients addressing the clinical effects of omega‐3 fatty acids and probiotics. In contrast, due to the limited data available, no comparable specific dietary recommendations can yet be made for seborrheic or perioral dermatitis. However, there are promising signs that clinical nutrition and dermatology will be more extensively interlinked in the future, both clinically and scientifically.
Alternative information processing mechanisms in hospital supply chains: Impact on cost, quality, and patient satisfaction
Authors: Peng Xiaosong (David) , Flynn Barbara , Narayanan Arunachalam , Fan Raymond 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHospitals are under tremendous pressure to improve multiple performance dimensions that may be at odds, including cost containment, clinical quality, and patient satisfaction. The need to improve performance on multiple fronts is compounded by sources of uncertainty that include upstream diversity of supply chain (SC) partners, internal diversity of clinical specialties provided, and downstream diversity of patient conditions. Information processing theory (IPT) suggests two strategies for dealing with uncertainty: reduce the amount of information elevated to higher levels for processing and accommodate the amount of information by increasing information processing at other levels. We apply IPT to investigate (i) the relationship between the two information processing strategies in a hospital's SC and its cost containment, clinical quality, and patient satisfaction performance, and (ii) how these relationships may be moderated by diversity in the hospital's SC partners, clinical specialties, and patients, the common sources of uncertainty in hospital SCs. These questions were examined using regression analysis of primary data from acute care hospitals matched with secondary data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, American Hospital Association and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality measuring hospital operating characteristics and performance. The analysis yielded several important findings: (i) while a slack resources strategy (uncertainty reduction) is effective for improving patient satisfaction performance, it is ineffective for reducing cost, (ii) a lateral relations strategy (uncertainty accommodation) is effective in improving all three performance dimensions, and (iii) these relationships are moderated differentially by the three diversity dimensions only for lateral relations. These findings offer important managerial insights about hospitals’ efforts to improve potentially conflicting performance outcomes and suggest interesting opportunities for future research applying IPT to this important topic.
From forest to forestry: Reassembly of spider communities after native forest replacement by pine monocultures
Authors: Munévar Ana , Cardoso Pedro , Zurita Gustavo Andrés 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Worldwide, natural ecosystems have been replaced by intensive productive systems. This has led to an extreme simplification of habitat structure and loss of ecosystem heterogeneity but also might reduce the opportunities for species co‐occurrence.
Anthropogenic disturbances offer an opportunity to explore how the functional diversity of spiders within a highly diverse ecosystem such as a subtropical forest change under intensive productive systems such as monoculture tree plantations. It allows to study the mechanisms underlying the community re‐assemblage process.
Using a set of morphological and ecological traits of 259 species, the habitat filtering hypothesis was tested on spider communities inhabiting pine monocultures at different ages, where the stabilisation of habitat conditions such as vegetation complexity, maximum temperature/relative humidity and prey availability along the plantation cycle growth will promote spider colonisation of these productive areas.
The conversion of native forest to pine monocultures decreased species and trait richness of spiders. Moreover, spiders from both communities differed in their identity but exhibited similar functional traits (low trait replacement). Variation in trait composition of spiders was explained by changes in vertical stratification complexity, tree density and relative humidity, rather than prey availability.
The mechanistic processes structuring the spider community were not clear. Spiders from pine plantations might experience frequent changes in composition due to high species replacement levels in space and time. Because pine plantations harbour only a few species and exhibit low functional richness, the pressure for stabilisation of community composition can be low.
Cross‐cultural collaboration leads to greater understanding of the rare Spectacled Hare‐wallaby in the west Kimberley, Western Australia
Authors: Wysong Michael L. , Gregory Pius , Watson Alexander W. T. , Woolley Leigh‐Ann , Parker Christopher W. , Country Managers Yawuru , Rangers Karajarri , Mangala Rangers Nyikina 
Published: January 2022

SummaryCross‐cultural collaboration between Yawuru Country Managers (Rangers) and WWF‐Australia ecologists led to new detections of the Spectacled Hare‐wallaby (SHW), (Lagorchestes conspicillatus) in the west Kimberley region of Western Australia where it was presumed to be locally extirpated. This collaboration relied on the expertise of the Yawuru Country Managers to select specific locations for targeted field surveys and resulted in the confirmation of SHW on the Yawuru IPA for the first time in a decade. Subsequent remote camera trap surveys over a larger area included collaboration with two additional neighbouring Indigenous ranger groups, Karrajarri and Nyikina Mangala. These surveys investigated the spatial and temporal relationship between SHW and other mammals which may threaten (e.g., feral Cat [Felis catus], Dingo [Canis familiaris dingo]) or compete (e.g., Agile Wallaby [Macropus agilis]; Cattle [Bos taurus]) with them. We found a negative relationship between SHW and cat activity, suggesting that cats may limit the activity or abundance of SHW. Temporal portioning was evident between SHW and both Cattle and Agile Wallaby suggesting that SHW may avoid times when these species are most active. Further, we found a negative relationship between SHW occurrence and distance to fire scar edge burnt in current or previous fire season. This edge habitat is likely important to SHW because they may require recently burnt areas to forage and dense unburnt areas to shelter. This project highlights the benefits of cross‐cultural research and monitoring partnerships with Indigenous rangers as active observers and managers of their traditional lands.
‘Right‐way’ science: reflections on co‐developing Indigenous and Western cross‐cultural knowledge to support Indigenous cultural fire management
Authors: McKemey Michelle B. , Rangers Banbai , Rangers Yugul Mangi , Costello Oliver , Hunter John T. , Ens Emilie J. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryContemporary Indigenous cultural fire management facilitates opportunities for Indigenous peoples to connect to and manage their Country, as well as providing scope for research. Right‐way science is defined as collaborative process of bringing Indigenous and Western scientific knowledge and methods together to create ethical, productive and mutually beneficial research. Five key requirements of right‐way science emerge from the literature, including: building relationships and trust; formal research approval processes; co‐development of research; acknowledging challenges; and ethical, productive and mutually beneficial research. This article explores the question: how can right‐way science enhance Indigenous cultural fire management? By reflecting on research collaborations between Western scientists and Indigenous ranger groups of New South Wales (Banbai) and the Northern Territory (Yugul Mangi), this paper, firstly, describes the methods we used to explore right‐way science around cultural fire management. Secondly, it synthesises key findings of the research projects, including how we addressed the five key requirements of right‐way science elicited from the literature. Thirdly, we provide insight on how right‐way science can be applied more broadly to enhance Indigenous cultural fire management. We found that increasing opportunities for Indigenous peoples to care for their Country, supported by right‐way science, places them in a unique position to contribute to solving some of the ongoing challenges and research questions associated with fire management. Western scientists have an important role to play, as supporters and followers of Indigenous research partners, and advocates of right‐way science.
Applying biocultural research protocols in ecology: Insider and outsider experiences from Australia
Authors: Cooke Patrick , Fahey Monica , Ens Emilie J. , Raven Margaret , Clarke Philip A. , Rossetto Maurizio , Turpin Gerry 
Published: January 2022

SummaryCollaborations between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous scientific researchers are increasingly mandated by global to local conservation policy and research ethics guidelines. Breakdowns occur due to misunderstandings around expected protocols of engagement and cooperation, which are compounded by lack of broader awareness of differences in cultural values, priorities and knowledge systems. Using first‐hand experiences, we outline eight key protocols and guidelines that researchers should consider when undertaking research with Indigenous peoples, or on Indigenous Country, through exploration of biocultural protocols and guidelines within Australian and Indigenous customary laws. We use the onion as a metaphor to highlight the layers of protocols and guidelines that researchers can peel back to guide their research from international to local scales, with ethics around the research question at the core. This paper draws on the perspectives and experiences of an Indigenous researcher (as ‘insider’/‘outsider’) and non‐Indigenous researcher (‘outsider’), working on a cross‐cultural and multidisciplinary investigation of past Aboriginal dispersal of rainforest trees on the Australian east coast. This paper is part of the special issue ‘Indigenous and cross-cultural ecology - perspectives from Australia’ published in Ecological Management & Restoration.
Postoperative anti‐inflammatory efficacy of 2% saline rinses and a herbal‐ mouthwash after non‐surgical periodontal therapy for the management of periodontal inflammation in young adults with chlorhexidine allergy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al‐Zawawi Abeer S. , Shaheen Marwa Y. , Divakar Darshan Devang , Aldulaijan Hajer A. , Basudan Amani M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe present randomized controlled trial assessed the postoperative anti‐inflammatory efficacy of 2% saline rinses (SR) and a herbal‐ mouthwash (HMW) after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for the management of periodontal inflammation in patients with chlorhexidine (CHX) allergy.Materials and MethodsPatients with periodontal inflammation with and without self‐reported CHX allergy were included. All patients underwent non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Patients were randomly divided into three groups. In the SR and HMW groups, 2% SR and a HMW, respectively, were prescribed. In Group 3 (CHX‐group), patients without CHX allergy were included and were prescribed 0.12% CHX. In all groups, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and marginal bone loss were measured at baseline. Clinical periodontal parameters were re‐assessed at 6‐weeks’ follow‐up.p < 0.01 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThirteen, 12, and 12 patients were included in the SR, HMW, and CHX groups, respectively. At baseline, clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters were comparable in all groups. In all groups, PI (p < 0.01), GI (p < 0.01), and PD (p < 0.01) were significantly higher at baseline than their respective values at 6 weeks of follow‐up. There was no significant difference in clinical AL at all time intervals in all groups. There was no significant correlation between periodontal parameters and age, gender, and daily toothbrushing/flossing in all groups.ConclusionIn young adults with self‐reported CHX allergy, herbal mouthwashes and/or 2% SR are suitable post‐operative prescriptions after NSPT.
Much ado about very little: The dubious connection between ethnic minority business policy and ethnic minority entrepreneurship
Authors: Jones Trevor , Roberts Richard , Ram Monder 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents a historical reprise of 40 years of policy interest in ethnic minority businesses in the UK. It contrasts the pronouncements of policymakers with the reality of ethnic minority entrepreneurship. Such an exercise is surprisingly rare given the activism of policymakers in this arena and growing scholarly interest in this field. Our historical overview is informed by a novel research method that plots references to ethnic minority entrepreneurship in the British Houses of Parliament. Though the UK has been the site of some interesting policy experiments on ethnic minority entrepreneurship, their impact has been slight when set against the context of broader political‐economic change.
Obesity, waist circumference, and appendicular muscle mass ratio in relation to blood pressure among the community‐dwelling elderly population in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chun‐Yung , Kuo Chih‐Chun , Lin Ming‐Hsun , Wu Der‐Min , Lu Chieh‐Hua , Chu Nain‐Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHypertension is known to be related to obesity and both are the major factors for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between body composition and blood pressure (BP) are discussed recently. Our study aims to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in relation to BP among the community‐dwelling elderly population.Total 3739 patients (1600 males and 2139 females) were recruited in a series of community‐based surveys that were conducted among the elderly population in Taiwan from 2017 to 2019. We collected data on anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and BP using standard methods. AMM was calculated with an equation. History of chronic disease and lifestyle profiles were collected using questionnaires.The group with high AMM to body weight ratio (AMMW) showed lower systolic BP (SBP) (136.8 ± 19.1 to 140.6 ± 17.0 for males; 137.8 ± 18.3 to 142.7 ± 17.5 for females, both P < .001). Among central obese persons those with higher AMMW ratio had lower SBP. In the final model, AMMW in percentage is negatively associated to SBP (β = −0.641 in male, −0.780 in female, both P < .01). In other words, every 10% increase in AMMW is associated with decrease of SBP 6.41 mmHg in male and 7.80 mmHg in female.Obesity and central obesity were positively associated with BP. The AMMW ratio was negatively associated with HTN and with a protective effect on BP even among the central obese. Health promotion programs to increase physical training may prevent hypertension among the elderly in Taiwan.
MST1/2 inhibitor XMU‐MP‐1 alleviates the injury induced by ionizing radiation in haematopoietic and intestinal system
Authors: Zhou Xiaoliang , Wang Hao , Li Deguan , Song Naling , Yang Fujun , Xu Wenqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Hippo signalling pathway has been considered as potential therapeutic target in self‐renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Thus, mammalian Ste20‐like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) as the core serine‐threonine kinases in the Hippo signalling pathway has been investigated for its role in immunological disease. However, little information of MST1/2 function in bone marrow suppression induced by ionizing radiation was fully investigated. Here, we reported that MST1/2 inhibitor XMU‐MP‐1 could rescue the impaired haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs) function under oxidative stress condition. Also, XMU‐MP‐1 pretreatment markedly alleviated the small intestinal system injury caused by the total body irradiation 9 Gy and extended the average survival days of the mice exposed to the lethal dose radiation. Therefore, irradiation exposure causes the serious pathological changes of haematopoietic and intestinal system, and XMU‐MP‐1 could prevent the ROS production, the haematopoietic cells impairment and the intestinal injury. These detrimental effects may be associated with regulating NOX/ROS/P38MARK pathway by MST1/2.
High quality (certainty) evidence changes less often than low‐quality evidence, but the magnitude of effect size does not systematically differ between studies with low versus high‐quality evidence
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Ahmed Muhammad Muneeb , Hozo Iztok , Koletsi Despina , Hemkens Lars , Price Amy , Riera Rachel , Nadanovsky Paulo , dos Santos Ana Paula Pires , Melo Daniela , Pathak Ranjan , Pacheco Rafael Leite , Fontes Luis Eduardo , Miranda Enderson , Nunan David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesIt is generally believed that evidence from low quality of evidence generate inaccurate estimates about treatment effects more often than evidence from high (certainty) quality evidence (CoE). As a result, we would expect that (a) estimates of effects of health interventions initially based on high CoE change less frequently than the effects estimated by lower CoE (b) the estimates of magnitude of effect size differ between high and low CoE. Empirical assessment of these foundational principles of evidence‐based medicine has been lacking.MethodsWe reviewed the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from January 2016 through May 2021 for pairs of original and updated reviews for change in CoE assessments based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method. We assessed the difference in effect sizes between the original versus updated reviews as a function of change in CoE, which we report as a ratio of odds ratio (ROR). We compared ROR generated in the studies in which CoE changed from very low/low (VL/L) to moderate/high (M/H) versus M/H to VL/L. Heterogeneity and inconsistency were assessed using the tau andI2statistic. We also assessed the change in precision of effect estimates (by calculating the ratio of standard errors) (seR), and the absolute deviation in estimates of treatment effects (aROR).ResultsFour hundred and nineteen pairs of reviews were included of which 414 (207 × 2) informed the CoE appraisal and 384 (192 × 2) the assessment of effect size. We found that CoE originally appraised as VL/L had 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–4.12;p = 0.0091] times higher odds to be changed in the future studies than M/H CoE. However, the effect size was not different (p = 1) when CoE changed from VL/L → M/H [ROR = 1.02 (95% CI: 0.74–1.39)] compared with M/H → VL/L (ROR = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.44–2.37]). Similar overlap in aROR between the VL/L → M/H versus M/H → VL/L subgroups was observed [median (IQR): 1.12 (1.07–1.57) vs. 1.21 (1.12–2.43)]. We observed large inconsistency across ROR estimates (I2 = 99%). There was larger imprecision in treatment effects when CoE changed from VL/L → M/H (seR = 1.46) than when it changed from M/H → VL/L (seR = 0.72).ConclusionsWe found that low‐quality evidence changes more often than high CoE. However, the effect size did not systematically differ between the studies with low versus high CoE. The finding that the effect size did not differ between low and high CoE indicate urgent need to refine current EBM critical appraisal methods.
Development and maintenance of surface gloss of dental composites after polishing and brushing: Review of the literature
Authors: Amaya‐Pajares Silvia P. , Koi Kiyono , Watanabe Hidehiko , da Costa Juliana B. , Ferracane Jack L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effect of the composites' composition to produce high surface smoothness/gloss using finishers/polishers, and to assess maintained smoothness/gloss under toothbrush abrasion.Materials and methodsPubMed papers published from January 01, 2000 to September 01, 2021 were included, and keywords used were: filler particle size, shape, amount of dental composites; finishing/polishing, gloss/roughness, and toothbrush abrasion of composites. Seventy‐five in‐vitro studies were included in this literature review. Forty‐six articles assessed filler particle size/composition/shape and distribution to obtain high gloss/smoothness on different formulations; and the finishers/polishers effect on these materials. Twenty‐nine papers assessed toothbrush abrasion of composites.ResultsSuprananofill/nanofill/microfills typically showed the smoothest and glossiest surfaces compared to nanohybrid, microhybrid and hybrid composites. Microfill (0.04–0.07 μm, 71–88 GU); suprananofill (0.001–0.8 μm, 52–92 GU), microhybrids (0.05–0.35 μm, 35–95 GU) and nanohybrids (0.05–0.21 μm, 66–97 GU). Composites with small, spherical particles tend to show smoother, glossier surfaces and more wear resistant compared to resin composites with larger or irregular particles. Several studies showed higher roughness and reduced gloss after toothbrush abrasion.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, suprananofill/nanofill/microfill composites tended to show the smoothest/glossiest surfaces due to smaller particle size. Composites with small, spherical particles tended to show smoother/glossier surfaces. Overall, toothbrush abrasion showed higher surface roughness and reduced gloss.Clinical SignificanceSuprananofills/nanofills/microfills had good polishability and polish retention due to their smaller particle size. The effectiveness of a polishing system is material‐dependent. In general, Enhance‐PoGo, Sof‐Lex discs, and Sof‐Lex Spiral wheels showed similar level of smoothness.