bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmids Can Shift Bacterial Morphological Response against Antibiotic Stress
Authors: Yu Zhigang , Goodall Emily C. A. , Henderson Ian R. , Guo Jianhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacterial cell filamentation is a morphological change wherein cell division is blocked, which can improve bacterial survival under unfavorable conditions (e.g., antibiotic stress that causes DNA damage). As an extrachromosomal DNA molecule, plasmids can confer additionally advantageous traits including antibiotic resistance on the host. However, little is known about whether plasmids could shift bacterial morphological responses to antibiotic stress. Here, it is reported that plasmid‐free cells, rather than plasmid‐bearing cells, exhibit filamentation and asymmetrical cell division under exposure to sub‐inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and cephalexin). The underlying mechanism is revealed by investigating DNA damage, cell division inhibitor sulA, the SOS response, toxin‐antitoxin module (parDE) located on plasmids, and efflux pumps. Significantly higher expression of sulA is observed in plasmid‐free cells, compared to plasmid‐bearing cells. Plasmid carriage enables the hosts to suffer less DNA damage, exhibit stronger efflux pump activities, and thus have a higher antibiotic tolerance. These benefits are attributed to the parDE module that mediates stress responses from plasmid‐bearing cells and mainly contributes to cell morphological changes. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that plasmids can confer additional innate defenses on the host to antibiotics, thus advancing the understanding of how plasmids affect bacterial evolution in hostile environments.
Tremendous Acceleration of Plant Growth by Applying a New Sunlight Converter Sr4Al14−xGaxO25:Mn4+ Breaking Parity Forbidden Transition
Authors: Wang Shichuan , Seto Takatoshi , Liu Bin , Wang Yuhua , Li Cancan , Liu Zhengqiang , Dong Haowen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMajority of Mn4+ activated oxide phosphors have the wavelength of excitation and emission suitable for acceleration of plant growth as light converter from sunlight to deep red. Here, it is observed that 60% increase of red emission of Sr4Al14O25:0.01Mn4+ is found by substituting 0.1Ga3+. It is clarified that the increase is originated from a unique mechanism of breaking parity forbidden transition under the substitution of cation in d–d transition by using the tool of special aberration corrected transmission electron microscope(AC‐STEM), pre‐edge peak (1s→3d) Mn K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and reflection spectra. Further, a combination of substituted Ga, Mg, and special double flux H3BO3/AlF3 is found to tremendously increase the emission intensity (355% up). Actual growth of chlorella and rose is examined by a combination of the cheap Sr4Al14O25:0.01Mn4+,0.007Mg2+,0.1Ga3+ and a unique reflection typed phosphor‐film system as sunlight converting system. Optical density of chlorella and height of rose grass is increased by 36±14% and 174±80% compared with nonphosphor‐film, respectively.
Synergistically Enabling Fast‐Cycling and High‐Yield Atmospheric Water Harvesting with Plasma‐Treated Magnetic Flower‐Like Porous Carbons
Authors: Ying Yifeng , Yang Guifang , Tao Yingle , Wu Qiannan , Li Haiqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers a promising solution to the water scarcity in arid regions. However, majority of the existing AWH sorbents are suffering from rather poor water productivity due to their slow water adsorption–desorption cycling capability especially when they are applied in high packing thickness. Herein, an oxygen plasma‐treated magnetic flower‐like porous carbon (P‐MFPC) with large open surfaces, abundant surface oxygen‐containing moieties, and excellent localized magnetic induction heating (LMIH) capacity is developed. These merits, together with the use of air‐blowing‐assisted water adsorption and LMIH‐driven water desorption strategy, synergistically allow P‐MFPC with 2 cm of packing thickness to complete a AWH cycling in 20 min and deliver a record 4.5 LH2Okg−1day−1of water productivity at 30% relative humidity. Synergistically enabling such an ultrafast AWH cycling at high sorbent packing thickness provides a promising way for the scalable high‐yield AWH with compact AWH systems.
Cardiovascular risk factors across different levels of urbanization in Brazilian Afro‐derived communities (quilombos)
Authors: Paiva Sabrina Guimarães , Rivara Anna C. , de Castro Nóbrega Matheus , de Cesare Parmesan Toledo Rafaela , de Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães Maria , Madrigal Lorena , de Oliveira Silviene Fabiana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe frequency of cardiovascular diseases has increased throughout the world. People of African descent have been disproportionately affected, particularly if they reside in urban settings. In this work, we evaluate risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other chronic diseases in rural and urban Afro‐derived communities (quilombo) in Central Brazil. We also determine if there are associations between the frequency of CVD risk factors, sex, and proximity to urban environments.MethodsThrough a cross‐sectional study of participants (n = 347) within three Brazilian Afro‐derived communities: Kalunga (a semi‐isolated rural community; n = 214), Cocalinho (a non‐isolated rural village; n = 70), and Pé do Morro (an urban community; n = 63), we collected data regarding chronic disease (i.e., CVD, diabetes, and hypertension) risk through questionnaires, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and blood samples using standard protocols. Differences between variables were tested by the Chi‐square test of Pearson and Fisher's Exact Test, independent sample t‐tests, analysis of variances, and Kruskal‐Wallis tests (p ≤ .05).ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors were higher in the non‐isolated rural and urban communities than in the semi‐isolated rural community. We found significant sex differences in the distribution of the CVD risk factors, with all occurring at a higher frequency among females.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that Brazilian Afro‐derived communities are currently going through an epidemiological transition. The urban lifestyle and its environmental factors are likely contributing to an escalation in cardio‐metabolic disease risk. However, the magnitude of this transition differentially impacts the sexes, as females suffer a higher frequency of risk factors compared to males.
An integrative approach to examining the influences of size, phylogeny, and locomotion on os coxae shape variation in primates
Authors: Lewton Kristi L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesAspects of three‐dimensional (3D) pelvis shape are associated with body size and adaptations to locomotor behaviors in primates, while the effect of phylogeny is less well understood. This study examines 3D os coxae shape in primates using an integrated, phylomorphospace approach to investigate the relationships among shape, phylogeny, locomotor function, and size.Materials and Methods3D landmarks (N = 20) were collected on a large sample of primate pelves (736 individuals, 60 species) and standard geometric morphometric methods were used to examine shape variation. Phylogenetic and non‐phylogenetic generalized least squares models were constructed with Procrustes coordinates as dependent variables and locomotor behavior and size as independent variables; analyses were conducted on all primates and on a nonhuman primate subsample.ResultsThe degree of phylogenetic signal in these models was statistically significant, but less than would be expected under a Brownian motion model of evolution. Among all primates, both size and locomotion have significant effects on os coxae shape while accounting for the effects of phylogeny. However, these group differences are relatively small and as a result, locomotion is not significantly related to os coxae shape among the nonhuman primate sample when accounting for phylogeny.DiscussionAlthough closely related primate taxa share locomotor behavior, there are size and locomotor differences in os coxae shape that cannot be solely accounted for by phylogeny alone and must be considered alongside previously identified mechano‐functional morphological differences. Phylogenetic comparative methods make it difficult to identify adaptation when locomotion and phylogeny are closely linked.
Highly Sensitive Dual‐Band Switchable between Ultraviolet and Visible Region Photomultiplication Type Polymer Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Wang Guohua , Zhao Zijin , Liu Ming , Zhao Xingchao , Zhou Zhengji , Shen Liang , Zhang Fujun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDual‐band photomultiplication type polymer photodetectors (PM‐PPDs) are achieved with the structure of ITO/PDIN/poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)benzidine] (poly‐TPD):2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z‐(12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2′′,3′′:4′,5′]thieno‐[2′,3′:4,5] pyrrolo‐[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis‐(methanylylidene)) bis‐(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))‐dimalononitrile (Y6) (100:2, wt/wt)/MoO3/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) (100:2, wt/wt)/Al. Electron traps can be formed with Y6 surrounded by poly‐TPD or with PC71BM surrounded by P3HT. Trapped electrons near ITO/PDIN or Al electrode can assist hole tunneling injectionunder forward or reverse bias, respectively. The dual‐band PM‐PPDs exhibit ultraviolet spectral response under forward bias dependent on trapped electron distribution near ITO/PDIN electrode, while presenting visible spectral response under reverse bias determined by trapped electron distribution near Al electrode. The performance of dual‐band PM‐PPDs can be optimized by decreasing P3HT:PC71BM layer thickness. The optimal dual‐band PM‐PPDs exhibit external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2800% at 350 nm under +10 V bias with full‐width at half‐maximum of 80 nm, while achieving EQE of 7500% at 430 nm under −10 V bias. The EQE values of optimal dual‐band PM‐PPDs are markedly improved by raising bias, reaching 13 000% at 350 nm under +16 V bias and 27 000% at 430 nm under −16 V bias. This work provides an effective method to prepare dual‐band PM‐PPDs by manipulating the interfacial trapped electron distribution.
Absence of IκBβ/NFκB signaling does not attenuate acetaminophen‐induced hepatic injury
Authors: Solar Mack , Grayck Maya R. , McCarthy William C. , Zheng Lijun , Lacayo Oscar A. , Sherlock Laura G. , Zhou Ruby , Orlicky David J. , Wright Clyde J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcetaminophen (N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol [APAP]) toxicity is a common cause of acute liver failure. Innate immune signaling and specifically NFκB activation play a complex role in mediating the hepatic response to toxic APAP exposures. While inflammatory innate immune responses contribute to APAP‐induced injury, these same pathways play a role in regeneration and repair. Previous studies have shown that attenuating IκBβ/NFκB signaling downstream of TLR4 activation can limit injury, but whether this pathway contributes to APAP‐induced hepatic injury is unknown. We hypothesized that the absence of IκBβ/NFκB signaling in the setting of toxic APAP exposure would attenuate APAP‐induced hepatic injury. To test this, we exposed adult male WT and IκBβ−/− mice to APAP (280 mg/kg, IP) and evaluated liver histology at early (2–24 hr) and late (48–72 hr) time points. Furthermore, we interrogated the hepatic expression of NFκB inflammatory (Cxcl1, Tnf, Il1b, Il6, Ptgs2, and Ccl2), anti‐inflammatory (Il10, Tnfaip3, and Nfkbia), and Nrf2/antioxidant (Gclc, Hmox, and Nqo1) target genes previously demonstrated to play a role in APAP‐induced injury. Conflicting with our hypothesis, we found that hepatic injury was similar in WT and IκBβ−/− mice. Acutely, the induced expression of some target genes was similar in WT and IκBβ−/− mice (Tnfaip3, Nfkbia, and Gclc), while others were either not induced (Cxcl1, Tnf, Ptgs2, and Il10) or significantly attenuated (Ccl2) in IκBβ−/− mice. At later time points, APAP‐induced hepatic expression of Il1b, Il6, and Gclc was significantly attenuated in IκBβ−/− mice. Based on these findings, the therapeutic potential of targeting IκBβ/NFκB signaling to treat toxic APAP‐induced hepatic injury is likely limited.
Biosensor based on bimetallic/graphene composite for non‐enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide in living tumor cells
Authors: Zhang Qiyan , Guo Lianshan , Li Haoyu , Huang Jianfeng , Li Zhengzhao , Hong Wenzhong , Wang Jian , Bai Zhihao , Zhu Jianmeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor was manufactured with triple synergistic catalysis to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, a highly sensitive biosensor based on Prussian blue‐chitosan/graphene‐hemin nanomaterial/platinum and palladium nanoparticles (PB‐CS/HGNs/Pt&Pd biosensor) was fabricated for the detection of H2O2. The materials described above were modified on the electrode surface and applied to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. The current response of the biosensor presented a linear relationship with H2O2 concentration from 6 × 10−2 to 20 μM (R2 = 0.9766) and with the logarithm of H2O2 concentration from 20 to 9×103 μM (R2 = 0.9782), the low detection limit of 25 nM was obtained at the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Besides, the biosensor showed an outstanding anti‐interference ability and acceptable reproducibility. PB‐CS/HGNs/Pt&Pd electrodes are effective in measuring H2O2 from living tumor cells, which implies that the biosensor has the potential to assess reactive oxygen species in various living tumor cells.
Effect of 2‐Pyrrolidone Protic Ionic Liquids on Removal of Pyridine from Fossil Fuel Model Mixtures
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Dan , Gao Jun , Zhang Lianzheng , Zhang Tao , Xu Dongmei , Wang Yinglong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo reduce emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) mainly produced from the combustion of nitrogen compounds (NCs) in fossil fuels, it is necessary to decrease the NCs content in fossil fuels. 2‐Pyrrolidone‐based protic ionic liquids (PrILs) with three different anions were synthesized by a one‐step method. The three PrILs were used as extractants to extract pyridine from the model mixtures. The extraction efficiency (EE) was considered to evaluate the extraction performance of the PrILs. The interactions between the PrILs and pyridine were analyzed by σ‐profiles, bond length, and deformation charge density. The results show that the hydrogen bond (H‐bond) formed between pyridine and the three PrILs is the main driving force for the extraction of pyridine from the model mixtures.
Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinoline N‐oxides by Cathodic Reduction of Nitro Arenes
Authors: Winter Johannes , Prenzel Tobias , Wirtanen Tom , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of electric current in synthetic organic chemistry offers a sustainable tool for the selective reductive synthesis of quinoline N‐oxides starting from easily accessible nitro compounds. The reported method employs mild and reagent‐free conditions, a simple undivided cell, and constant current electrolysis set‐up which provides conversion with a high atom economy. The synthesis of 30 differently substituted quinoline N‐oxides was successfully performed in up to 90 % yield. Using CV studies, the mechanism of the selective formation of the quinoline N‐oxides was elucidated. The technical relevance of the described reaction could be shown in a 50‐fold scale‐up reaction.
A General Metal‐Free Protocol for the Visible‐Light‐Driven Protection of Carbonyls
Authors: Di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Galathri Eirini M. , Protti Stefano , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Fagnoni Maurizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe protection of a carbonyl is a standard procedure to mask the reactivity of this group towards nucleophiles and reductants. The present work pointed out the potentialities of arylazo sulfones as non‐ionic photoacid generators (PAGs) to promote the efficient conversion of aldehydes and ketones into acetals, ketals, and 1,3‐oxazolidines upon visible‐light irradiation. This approach employed mild conditions and exhibited an easy scalability and a broad scope (80 examples included).
Short‐term cyclosporin A treatment improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with unexplained pregnancy loss: A prospective, open‐label, observational study
Authors: Du Mei‐Rong , Li Ming‐Qing , Zhou Wen‐Jie , Li Da‐Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious treatments to improve live birth rate in women suffering unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) have proven ineffective. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation, can induce maternal–foetal immune tolerance and improve trophoblast cell biological function. Whether CsA administration in the first trimester increases live birth rate in URPL women remains unknown.MethodsA single‐centre, prospective, observational cohort study of URPL patients treated at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University was conducted between 2010 and 2016. Participants within 6 weeks of gestation were divided into two groups: CsA or dydrogesterone. To compare efficacy and safety of interventions, data describing maternal and foetal conditions throughout 180 days after labour were collected. Mathematical models were used to identify the miscarriage risk factors in the subsequent pregnancy.Findings908 of 1931 women aged 18–40 with naturally conceived children and URPL history were recruited and received CsA (n = 660) or dydrogesterone (n = 248) treatment. The live birth rates in CsA and dydrogesterone groups were 88.31% and 89.36%, respectively (relative risk 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.04; p = .72). Except for ectopic pregnancy only in dydrogesterone group (p = .005), there was no significant difference in outcomes of miscarriage, preterm birth, full‐term birth, stillbirth or continued pregnancy. There was no discernible difference between CsA and dydrogesterone groups regarding maternal complications, congenital foetal abnormalities and growth. Potential risk factors for miscarriage in URPL patients included maternal age, number of prior pregnancies and miscarriages, the levels of serum progesterone, regulatory T‐cell (Tregs, CD4+CD25+CD127−T), blocking antibody and anti‐idiotypic antibody.InterpretationIn women with URPL, short‐term CsA therapy during the first trimester may increase the likelihood of live birth. The effectiveness of CsA is comparable to dydrogesterone without increasing risk of maternal complications or foetus congenital abnormalities. For women experienced URPL, CsA may be a potential therapeutic medicine.
Discredited Facilitated Communication returns as Spelling to Communicate
Authors: Masinter Michael R. 
Published: November 2022

Nonverbal students with communication disorders have access to a variety of auxiliary aids and services that enable them to communicate, whether through typing and keyboarding, fixed letterboards, or text‐to‐speech software. Critically, each method ensures that it is the student, not a third party, who communicates — even when a third party verbalizes the letters or words a student spells by pointing to a mounted letterboard.
Increased visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio is positively associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Shi , Huang Yaping , Li Jing , Wang Xincheng , Wang Xiaohe , Zhang Minying , Zhang Yanju , Du Meiyang , Lin Jingna , Li Chunjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsVisceral adiposity and skeletal muscle loss may be positively correlated with cardiometabolic outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between the visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population.Materials and MethodsA total of 5158 participants were included in this study. Body composition, anthropometrical, and biochemical measurements were performed. Body composition was assessed via the direct segmental multi‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method. The associations between VSR and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia were analysed.ResultsWith the increase of VSR by one quartile, the odds ratio (OR) increased significantly for all five cardiometabolic diseases in both genders (ptrend < 0.001). With regard to the highest versus the lowest quartile of VSR, the ORs for cardiometabolic diseases were significantly higher in women than in men. Restricted cubic splines showed that there were significant non‐linear relationships between VSR and the risk of MAFLD, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in both genders (p for non‐linearity <0.05). The risk was relatively flat until VSR reached 3.078 cm2/kg in men and 4.750 cm2/kg in women and started to increase rapidly afterwards. In men, however, the risk slowed down after the VSR value reached around 4 cm2/kg.ConclusionsVSR was positively associated with cardiometabolic diseases regardless of gender. As VSR increased, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases was significantly higher in women than in men.Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR2100044305).
Differences in soil organic matter between EcM‐ and AM‐dominated forests depend on tree and fungal identity
Authors: Hicks Pries Caitlin E. , Lankau Richard , Ingham Grace Anne , Legge Eva , Krol Owen , Forrester Jodi , Fitch Amelia , Wurzburger Nina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs global change shifts the species composition of forests, we need to understand which species characteristics affect soil organic matter (SOM) cycling to predict future soil carbon (C) storage. Recently, whether a tree species forms a symbiosis with arbuscular (AM) versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi has been suggested as a strong predictor of soil C storage, but there is wide variability within EcM systems. In this study, we investigated how mycorrhizal associations and the species composition of canopy trees and mycorrhizal fungi related to the proportion of soil C and nitrogen (N) in mineral associations and soil C:N across four sites representing distinct climates and tree communities in the eastern US broadleaf forest biome. In two of our sites, we found the expected relationship of declining mineral‐associated C and N and increasing soil C:N ratios as the basal area of EcM‐associating trees increased. However, across all sites these soil properties strongly correlated with canopy tree and fungal species composition. Sites where the expected pattern with EcM basal area was observed were (1) dominated by trees with lower quality litter in the Pinaceae and Fagaceae families and (2) dominated by EcM fungi with medium‐distance exploration type hyphae, melanized tissues, and the potential to produce peroxidases. This observational study demonstrates that differences in SOM between AM and EcM systems are dependent on the taxa of trees and EcM fungi involved. Important information is lost when the rich mycorrhizal symbiosis is reduced to two categories.