bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Malaysian school-children’s food preferences: what do we know?
Authors: Yang Wai Yew , Ong Shu Hwa , De Lee Yi , Yen Pei Ling , Lim Kah Yen , Naumoskvi Nenad , Jani Rati 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFeeding practices exert a definite influence over children’s experiences. This article aims to explore parental feeding practices and investigate the prediction domain of food preference from parent–child perspectives.MethodsTwo individual studies were conducted on Malay families with children aged 7–12 years. In Study 1, mothers (n = 17) participated in semi-structured focus group interviews on their knowledge of foods and feeding practices. In Study 2, parent–child pairs (n = 14) answered a 36-item, 5-point Likert scale Food Preference Questionnaire followed by virtual structured qualitative interviews. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, back-translated and analysed according to the framework analysis technique.ResultsIn Study 1, mothers perceived vegetables, chicken, fish and plain water as healthy foods and drinks while discretionary options were snacks, fast foods and carbonated drinks. The mothers defined healthy foods as foods handled safely with health benefits. They used ‘healthy’ cooking methods to prepare preferred foods and overtly controlled the child’s access to discretionary food. In Study 2, the food groups reported by parent–child pair’s report were consistent for the most preferred foods [snacks, median (interquartile range), parent: 4.5 (1.0) vs. child: 4.5 (0.0), p &gt; 0.05] and least preferred food [legumes, parent: 2.0 (1.0) vs. child: 2.0 (1.0), p &gt; 0.05]. Parents emphasized taste as the key determinant of food preference.ConclusionThese studies were the first to qualitatively explore parents’ perceptions of foods affecting their feeding practices among the Malaysian community to highlight the cultural contribution. Key insights into children’s food intake and factors influencing their food preferences were identified.
Bilateral parotid gland swelling
Authors: Mathe Savannah , Mate Jessica 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
This case report describes a 45-year-old woman with acute, bilateral parotid gland swelling caused by B-cell lymphoma. Enlarged, tender salivary glands are more commonly caused by infection, inflammation, or obstruction from salivary gland stones or tumors. This patient initially was treated for common causes of parotitis; however, her condition did not respond to the standard management and she ultimately was diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma.
The PA profession in Liberia
Authors: Oliphant John , Kennedy Jallah 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In Liberia, the physician assistant (PA) profession began in the mid-1960s. PAs have had a major role in providing access to healthcare for patients, many of whom live in poverty and reside in remote areas where access to physicians may be severely limited. In 1964, representatives from UNICEF selected Agnes N. Dagbe, MS, RN, to be the first director of a new PA program to be developed at the Tubman National Institute of Medical Arts. Dagbe was sent to Russia to learn about their feldsher profession, which served as a significant source of inspiration for the newly emerging PA profession in Liberia. To date, Liberia has faced extreme shortages of physicians, the ravages of two brutal civil wars over a 14-year period (1989-2003), as well as outbreaks of the Ebola and COVID-19 viruses. Now, more than 54 years since the first class graduated, PAs are vital for the delivery of essential healthcare services for the citizens of Liberia.
Anaphylaxis in elderly people
Authors: Ventura Maria Teresa , Boni Elisa , Taborda-Barata Luis , Blain Hubert , Bousquet Jean 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Anaphylaxis is common in old-age adults but is insufficiently understood by physicians, and may be underdiagnosed. This review discusses the specificities of anaphylaxis in this age group and stresses the importance of adrenaline in its management.

Recent findings
Data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry on elderly patients is a major finding. Other findings include the prevention of possible anaphylactic reactions in coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination as well as some new epidemiologic data.

Summary
The most common risk factors are hymenoptera venom and food and drug allergy. Cardiovascular symptoms are the most important ones to reverse in old-age adults, especially due to the multiple comorbidities. Anaphylaxis in old-age adults has a more severe outcome than in younger ones. Polypharmacy is a specific factor to be considered. The Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE) algorithm is applicable in all clinical emergencies for immediate assessment and treatment, and should be considered for all patients. Adrenaline is the mainstay of the management of the condition. There are no absolute contraindications to the prescription of self-injectable adrenaline in elderly individuals at risk of anaphylaxis.
Updates of cancer hallmarks in patients with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Wang Yating , Abolhassani Hassan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The development of cancer in patients with genetically determined inborn errors of immunity (IEI) is much higher than in the general population. The hallmarks of cancer are a conceptualization tool that can refine the complexities of cancer development and pathophysiology. Each genetic defect may impose a different pathological tumor predisposition, which needs to be identified and linked with known hallmarks of cancer.

Recent findings
Four new hallmarks of cancer have been suggested, recently, including unlocking phenotypic plasticity, senescent cells, nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming, and polymorphic microbiomes. Moreover, more than 50 new IEI genes have been discovered during the last 2 years from which 15 monogenic defects perturb tumor immune surveillance in patients.

Summary
This review provides a more comprehensive and updated overview of all 14 cancer hallmarks in IEI patients and covers aspects of cancer predisposition in novel genes in the ever-increasing field of IEI.
Neurological adverse effects associated with anti-PD1 antibodies alone or in combination with ipilimumab: a multicenter case series
Authors: Smith Jessica Louise , Menzies Alexander M. , Cohen Justine V. , Mut-Lloret Margarida , Ozgun Alpaslan , Spain Lavinia , Park John , Quach Henry T. , Pallan Lalit , McQuade Jennifer , Feng Sophie , Sandhu Shahneen , Atkinson Victoria , Tsai Katy , Long Georgina V. , Larkin James , Eroglu Zeynep , Johnson Douglas B. , Sullivan Ryan , Herkes Geoffrey K. , Henderson Andrew , Carlino Matteo S. 
Published: September 2022

Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, alone or in combination with ipilimumab, have become standard treatment for melanoma and multiple other malignancies. Neurological adverse effects are rare and have not been well characterized to date.
Patients who developed neurological adverse effects while being treated with PD1, alone or in combination with ipilimumab, were retrospectively identified from 10 cancer centers.
Fifty-eight patients were included, and the median time from treatment initiation to development of neurological adverse effects was 7 weeks (range, 1–86.5 weeks). Thirty-seven (64%) toxicities affected the peripheral nervous system. Fifty (86%) patients were treated with corticosteroids, with 22 (37%) patients requiring further immunomodulation including intravenous immunoglobulin (16), plasmapheresis (7), mycophenolate mofetil (4), cyclophosphamide (1), and rituximab (1). Twenty-seven (46%) had a complete resolution of their neurological symptoms, and two (4%) patients died secondary to complications from their neurological adverse effects. The response rate of the cancer to immunotherapy was 78%, and the median progression free survival was not reached.
Neurological adverse effects can occur with PD1 treatment, do not appear to impact treatment response, but may be irreversible or worsen in some patients. Management may require immunomodulation beyond corticosteroids.
A retrospective analysis of the factors associated with increased risk of readmission within 30 days after primary transurethral resection of bladder tumor
Authors: Jindal Tarun , Sarwal Ankush , Jain Prateek , Koju Rajan , Mukherjee Satyadip 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is associated with perioperative morbidity of 5% to 10%, which can lead to unplanned readmissions. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors that lead to an increased risk of unplanned readmissions within 30 days of primary TURBT.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study was conducted to identify patients who underwent primary TURBT at our institute from 2011 to 2019. Clinical and demographic factors, history of smoking, antiplatelet drugs intake, comorbidities, tumor size (<3 or >3 cm), multifocality, and histopathological type were abstracted. Patients who were readmitted were identified, and reasons for admission were recorded.

Results
A total of 435 patients were identified. The median age of the patients was 66 years. From 378 male patients (86.9%), 110 (25.3%) and 37 (8.5%) had a history of smoking and antiplatelet agents intake, respectively. In the cohort, 166 patients (38.2%) were diabetic, 239 (54.9%) were hypertensive, 72 (16.6%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 78 (7.9%) had hypothyroidism. A total of 206 patients (47.4%) had a tumor >3 cm; multifocality was seen in 140 (32.2%) patients, whereas muscle invasive tumors were present in 161 patients (37%). A total of 22 patients (5.06%) had readmissions within 30 days, with hematuria being the most common etiology. On univariate and multivariate analyses, a history of smoking (p = 0.006 and p = 0.008, respectively) or antiplatelet agents intake (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) was significantly associated with increased unplanned readmission.

Conclusions
Our study revealed smoking and antiplatelet agents intake as factors leading to an increased risk of unplanned readmissions.
Real-time gastric juice analysis with EndoFaster for H. pylori diagnosis: a large, multicentre study
Authors: Zullo Angelo , Germanà Bastianello , Galliani Ermenegildo , Iori Andrea , de Pretis Giovanni , Manfredi Guido , Buscarini Elisabetta , Ciuffi Mario , Ignomirelli Orazio , Farinati Fabio , Savarino Edoardo , Pallini Paolo , Milan Luisa , Conigliaro Rita , Grande Giuseppe , Cannizzaro Renato , Maiero Stefania , Pisani Antonio , Marangi Stefania , Manta Raffaele , Morelli Olivia , Peralta Sergio , Mantia Alessia La , Rossano Buonocore Matteo , Monica Fabio 
Published: September 2022

Background

Helicobacter pylori infection is the main cause of the most frequent gastroduodenal diseases. Because its prevalence is decreasing in developed countries, gastric biopsies are negative in several patients. By measuring ammonium in the gastric juice, EndoFaster allows to exclude H. pylori infection during endoscopy. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of device versions working with either 6 ml or 3 ml of gastric juice.

Study design
This prospective study involved 12 endoscopic units. During endoscopy, EndoFaster testing was performed and standard five gastric biopsies were taken. The accuracy was calculated by considering histological assessment as the gold standard for H. pylori diagnosis.

Results
Gastric juice analysis was attempted in 1279 patients, but it failed in 131 (15.5%) and in 10 (2.3%), with the 6 ml and the 3 ml device, respectively (P < 0.001). Overall, EndoFaster detected H. pylori infection with an 86.3% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 52.7% positive predictive value, 96.6% negative predictive value and 83.8% accuracy. The performance was not affected either by ongoing proton pump inhibitor therapy or a previous H. pylori eradication. No significant difference in accuracy emerged between the two versions of the device.

Conclusion
The novel version of the EndoFaster device operating with 3 ml gastric juice may be performed in virtually all patients, and it allows excluding H. pylori infection with a very high accuracy. Gastric biopsies can be avoided in a definite portion of cases without endoscopic lesions or other clinical indications.
Implications of Paneth cell dysfunction on gastrointestinal health and disease
Authors: Lee Vivian H. , Gulati Ajay S. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Paneth cells are specialized, secretory epithelial cells located in the small intestine. Although their existence was first described in 1872, their precise role in the gut remained unclear for over a century. Over the past few decades, elegant studies have shown Paneth cells play a key role enhancing gut barrier function, as niche cells for the intestinal stem cell compartment and via secreting antimicrobial peptides to establish an antimicrobial barrier at the epithelial surface. This review describes what is known about Paneth cell biology from human and animal studies with a focus on their putative role in clinical gastrointestinal disease.

Recent findings
Recent work has demonstrated important associations of dysfunctional Paneth cells with several gastrointestinal disorders. These include Crohn's disease, enteric infections, graft-versus-host disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and environmental enteric dysfunction. Ongoing studies are examining precisely how Paneth cell biology is altered in these various disease states.

Summary
By understanding the mechanisms of Paneth cell regulation – and how these processes go awry in specific gastrointestinal diseases – we set the stage for using Paneth cells as biomarkers for disease progression and developing novel therapeutics that augment Paneth cell function to treat a spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.
Sharing Lessons From Successes
Authors: Martin Nicky , Frank Barbara , Farrell David , Brady Cathie , Dixon-Hall Janice , Mueller Jessica , Rantz Marilyn 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To identify leadership styles and staffing strategies in Missouri long-term care (LTC) facilities that stood out among their peers as “positive deviants” with regard to COVID-19 infections and staffing shortages.

Methods:
Statewide survey of all LTC facilities to identify exemplar facilities with stable staffing and low rates of COVID-19. Interviews with senior leaders were conducted in 10 facilities in the state to understand the strategies employed that led to these “positive outliers.” A result-based educational program was designed to describe their actions and staff reactions.

Results:
Exemplar leaders used transformational leadership style. Top reasons for their success were as follows: (1) trusting and supportive staff relationships; (2) positive presence and communication; and (3) use of consistent staffing assignments. Strong statewide participation was noted in the educational programs.
The Impact of Traumatic Stress, Resilience, and Threats to Core Values on Nurses During a Pandemic
Authors: Swavely Deborah , Romig Barbara , Weissinger Guy , Holtz Heidi , Alderfer Mary , Lynn Lisa , Adil Thomas , Rushton Cynda Hylton 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to understand the traumatic stress and resilience of nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND
Studies have shown a high proportion of healthcare workers are at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder after a pandemic. Resilience factors are believed to play an important role in the well-being of healthcare professionals.

METHODS
This was a triangulated mixed methods study; a phenomenological qualitative approach with survey data was used to triangulate the findings, and sensemaking was used as the theoretical framework.

RESULTS
Four themes emerged from the study: 1) phases of traumatic stress response to perceived threats; 2) honoring their sacrifice; 3) professional self-identity; and 4) sustaining resilience in a stressful work environment. Quantitative results on traumatic stress, general resilience, and moral resilience supported the themes.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings will help leaders understand the potential for postpandemic mental health problems and the role of resilience in maintaining well-being.
Influence of a Formal Mentor on Hospital-Based Nurse Research Resources and Outcomes
Authors: Saul Trisha , Rangel Teresa , Sperry Marietta V. , Doyle Carrie , Roney Jamie K. , Mendelson Sherri 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Magnet® hospitals must conduct nursing research to maintain designation. Relationships between hospital research infrastructure, activities, and a designated nurse research mentor were explored in a large health system using survey methodology. Hospitals with a formal mentor reported more research resources (n = 23, m = 2.5) compared with those without (n = 16, m = 1.8, P < 0.001). Hospitals aspiring for Magnet may benefit from a doctorally prepared research mentor.
Outcomes Associated With Timing of Neurologic Dysfunction Onset Relative to Pediatric Sepsis Recognition*
Authors: Alcamo Alicia M. , Weiss Scott L. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Kirschen Matthew P. , Loftis Laura L. , Tang Swee Fong , Thomas Neal J. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Nett Sholeen T. ,   for the Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes and Therapies (SPROUT) Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To compare outcomes associated with timing—early versus late—of any neurologic dysfunction during pediatric sepsis.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional point prevalence study.

SETTING:
A total of 128 PICUs in 26 countries.

PATIENTS:
Less than 18 years with severe sepsis on 5 separate days (2013–2014).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Patients were categorized as having either no neurologic dysfunction or neurologic dysfunction (i.e., present at or after sepsis recognition), which was defined as Glasgow Coma Scale score less than 5 and/or fixed dilated pupils. Our primary outcome was death or new moderate disability (i.e., Pediatric Overall [or Cerebral] Performance Category score ≥3 and change ≥1 from baseline) at hospital discharge, and 87 of 567 severe sepsis patients (15%) had neurologic dysfunction within 7 days of sepsis recognition (61 at sepsis recognition and 26 after sepsis recognition). Primary site of infection varied based on presence of neurologic dysfunction. Death or new moderate disability occurred in 161 of 480 (34%) without neurologic dysfunction, 45 of 61 (74%) with neurologic dysfunction at sepsis recognition, and 21 of 26 (81%) with neurologic dysfunction after sepsis recognition (p < 0.001 across all groups). On multivariable analysis, in comparison with those without neurologic dysfunction, neurologic dysfunction whether at sepsis recognition or after was associated with increased odds of death or new moderate disability (adjusted odds ratio, 4.9 [95% CI, 2.3–10.1] and 10.7 [95% CI, 3.8–30.5], respectively). We failed to identify a difference between these adjusted odds ratios of death or new moderate disability that would indicate a differential risk of outcome based on timing of neurologic dysfunction (p = 0.20).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this severe sepsis international cohort, the presence of neurologic dysfunction during sepsis is associated with worse outcomes at hospital discharge. The impact of early versus late onset of neurologic dysfunction in sepsis on outcome remains unknown, and further work is needed to better understand timing of neurologic dysfunction onset in pediatric sepsis.
HIV Positivity, Linkage to Medical Care, Interview for Partner Services, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Referral Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Tested in Non-healthcare Settings in the United States, 2019
Authors: Wang Guoshen , Song Wei , Rao Shubha , Heitgerd Janet , Mulatu Mesfin S. , Karch Debra , Belcher Lisa 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. This study reports data on HIV testing program outcomes among MSM tested for HIV in non-healthcare settings in the United States.

Methods:
We analyzed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation data collected in 2019. Descriptive and multivariate robust Poisson regression analyses were conducted to summarize the patterns of HIV testing program outcomes [ie, positivity, linkage to HIV medical care within 30 days of diagnosis, interview for partner services (PS), and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and referral] by demographic characteristics, HIV prevalence, and testing site type.

Results:
A total of 123,251 HIV tests were conducted among MSM; of these, 1773 (1.4%) were newly diagnosed with HIV. Among MSM newly diagnosed with HIV, 75% were linked to HIV medical care and 80% were interviewed for PS. Among MSM who tested HIV-negative, 63% were aware of PrEP and 47% of those who were eligible for PrEP were referred to PrEP providers. Referral or linkage to services varied by demographic characteristics or other factors.

Conclusions:
Linkage to HIV medical care and interview for PS among MSM newly diagnosed with HIV in non-healthcare settings were below national or funding program targets. Most MSM with risk factors for HIV infection were not referred to PrEP providers. Expanded efforts to address barriers to equitable access to services may help improve HIV-related outcomes among MSM and contribute to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States.
Risk stratification for selecting empiric antibiotherapy during and after COVID-19
Authors: Zahar Jean-Ralph , Timsit Jean-Francois 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
SARS-CoV-2 deeply modified the risk of bacterial infection, bacterial resistance, and antibiotic strategies. This review summarized what we have learned.

Recent findings
During the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed an increase in healthcare-acquired infection and multidrug-resistant organism-related infection, triggered by several factors: structural factors, such as increased workload and ongoing outbreaks, underlying illnesses, invasive procedures, and treatment-induced immunosuppression. The two most frequently healthcare-acquired infections described in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were bloodstream infection, related or not to catheters, health-acquired pneumonia (in ventilated or nonventilated patients). The most frequent species involved in bacteremia were Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli in health-acquired pneumonia. The rate of Gram-negative bacilli is particularly high in late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the specific risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related pneumonia increased when the duration of ventilation was longer than 7 days. A specificity that remains unexplained so far is the increase in enterococci bacteremia.

Summary
The choice of empiric antibiotimicrobials depends on several factors such as the site of the infection, time of onset and previous length of stay, previous antibiotic therapy, and known multidrug-resistant organism colonization. Pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials could be markedly altered during SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory failure, which should encourage to perform therapeutic drug monitoring.