bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La velocidad de internacionalizar : WAYAKIT, un emprendimiento latino en Medio Oriente
Authors:   , Castillo Sindy , Nuñez Carlos 
Published: July 2022

Este caso está basado en una empresa real, WAYAKIT (Una visión más allá de los sueños), que nació como un emprendimiento en un entorno académico, creado por dos estudiantes del doctorado en ingeniería ambiental en tratamiento de aguas en la universidad King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology – KAUST en Arabia Saudita, quienes buscaron solucionar las necesidades de lavado de prendas de vestir de forma sostenible y amigable con el medio ambiente, a partir de un producto del tamaño de una tarjeta de crédito, el cual contiene un líquido que por su composición química remueve olores y manchas de la ropa sin el uso de electrodomésticos, compuestos tóxicos y consumos excesivos de agua.

El caso se presentará como un problema de tipo decisión en el que se deberá asumir el rol de una de las fundadoras de WAYAKIT, teniendo el contexto de cómo nació WAYAKIT, la experiencia de sus fundadoras en la creación de este proyecto, y los retos que se han presentado para WAYAKIT en su corta trayectoria.

Así mismo, considerar y comprender como factores internos y externos (contexto cultural, religioso, género, recursos financieros, ubicación geográfica, etc.) impactan en la toma de decisión de internacionalización de una empresa, y son relevantes para el análisis y evaluación de un modelo de internacionalización, teniendo en cuenta: la selección de mercados y escenarios internacionales para expandir la operación de WAYAKIT, la formulación de recomendaciones al momento de seleccionar el tipo de estrategia que permitan posicionar WAYAKIT como un producto innovador, sostenible y de alcance para todos.

Los temas claves del caso a desarrollar son:

	Internacionalización a través del modo exportación.
	Desafíos de internacionalizar un emprendimiento en América Latina, Sudeste Asiático y Medio Oriente.
	Establecer un proceso de toma de decisiones estructurado.

El caso toma lugar en Saudí Arabia en el 2019 en la industria de la limpieza, y la información recolectada para el caso transcurre en el periodo comprendido entre los meses de junio de 2017 y junio de 2019.
Systematic Synthesis of a Class of Smooth Parameter Projection Operators for Stable Adaptive Systems
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Wang Zejiang , Shen Heran , Wang Junmin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this letter, a systematic synthesis of a new class of smooth parameter projection operators is presented. To elaborate such an approach, the adaptive control problem for a nth-order, single-input, linearly parametrizable, nonlinear system in the controllable canonical structure is considered. The stability of the closed-loop adaptive system, with the augmentation of such a class of smooth projection operators, is analyzed by a Lyapunov-like analysis. With this systematic construction, two novel smooth projection operators are devised as examples. A simulation study is performed to validate the proposed strategy and compare its performance against a non-smooth, parameter projection solution.
Impact of biosecurity measures, social pressure and bullying on attitudes, perceptions, and job satisfaction levels among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , Camacho-Leon Genesis , Alvarado-Villa Geovanny Efraín , Andrade-Molina Derly Madeleiny , Fernandez-Cadena Juan Carlos , Agolli Arjola , Yukselen Zeynep , Felix Miguel , Gallardo Bastidas Juan Carlos , Espinoza-Fuentes Fernando , Michel Jack , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe extent and nature of social pressure and bullying towards healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 remains unclear. The following study identifies the effect of social pressure and bullying directed towards HCWs when using biosecurity measures during the COVID-19 pandemic; further, the impact on perceptions, attitudes and job satisfaction level is also explored.MethodologyWe conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study among 684 Ecuadorian HCWs. The survey consisted of 38 questions related to the frequency, attitudes, and perceptions of biosecurity measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the validity of the questionnaire. Associations between variables were analysed using χ2 and Fisher’s exact test. Using SPSS V.25, qualitative and quantitative data were analysed.ResultsOf the 684 participants, 175 (25.59%) experienced or felt bullying or social pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with the use of biosecurity measures. Of these, 40.6% believed it was due to an imbalance of power in the workplace. The perception that HCWs wearing personal protective equipment resulting in bullying was noted in 12% of the respondents. Job satisfaction was positive among 73% of the respondents. Gender (female) and type of institution (public) were noted to contribute towards job satisfaction and bullying experiences.ConclusionExposure to social bullying and pressure due to the use of biosecurity measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may result in reduced job satisfaction and thoughts about quitting work.
Epileptic phenotypes in autoimmune encephalitis: from acute symptomatic seizures to autoimmune-associated epilepsy
Authors: Matricardi Sara , Casciato Sara , Bozzetti Silvia , Mariotto Sara , Stabile Andrea , Freri Elena , Deleo Francesco , Sartori Stefano , Nosadini Margherita , Pappalardo Irene , Meletti Stefano , Giovannini Giada , Zucchi Elisabetta , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Ferrari Sergio , Zuliani Luigi , Zoccarato Marco , Vogrig Alberto , Lattanzi Simona , Michelucci Roberto , Gambardella Antonio , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Fusco Lucia , Granata Tiziana , Villani Flavio 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and paraclinical findings, treatment options and long-term outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis (AE), with a close look to epilepsy.MethodsIn this retrospective observational cohort study, we enrolled patients with new-onset seizures in the context of AE. We compared clinical and paraclinical findings in patients with and without evidence of antibodies.ResultsOverall, 263 patients (138 females; median age 55 years, range 4–86) were followed up for a median time of 30 months (range 12–120). Antineuronal antibodies were detected in 63.50%.Antibody-positive patients had multiple seizure types (p=0.01) and prevalent involvement of temporal regions (p=0.02). A higher prevalence of episodes of SE was found in the antibody-negative group (p<0.001).Immunotherapy was prescribed in 88.60%, and effective in 61.80%. Independent predictors of favourable outcome of the AE were early immunotherapy (p<0.001) and the detection of antineuronal surface antibodies (p=0.01).Autoimmune-associated epilepsy was the long-term sequela in 43.73%, associated with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances in 81.73%. Independent predictors of developing epilepsy were difficult to treat seizures at onset (p=0.04), a high number of antiseizure medications (p<0.001), persisting interictal epileptiform discharges at follow-up (p<0.001) and poor response to immunotherapy during the acute phase (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe recognition of seizures secondary to AE represents a rare chance for aetiology-driven seizures management. Early recognition and treatment at the pathogenic level may reduce the risk of long-term irreversible sequelae. However, the severity of seizures at onset is the major risk factor for the development of chronic epilepsy.This study provides class IV evidence for management recommendations.
Are British soldiers adequately prepared to make safe sexual health decisions when deployed to areas with high HIV prevalence?
Authors: Paveley Megan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionSoldiers deployed to British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, compared with when in the firm base, due to the increased prevalence, and use of, female sex workers (FSWs). This not only reduces the combat effectiveness but can also present a global reputational risk. Soldiers receive a sexual health brief on arrival in Kenya, yet evidence shows an increase in sexual health presentations during deployment. This article presents results of an explorative study into the brief’s effectiveness.MethodsA hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used to explore the soldiers’ experiences using a semistructured interview and data interpreted through thematic analysis. Nine participants were interviewed to determine their understanding of the sexual health brief and to evaluate its influence on high-risk behaviours.ResultsOne-third of soldiers could not remember having received the brief at all. Soldiers’ understanding of risky sexual behaviour was low; all showed some awareness of the risks of unprotected sex with Kenyan FSWs. Evidence was also presented which draws attention to cultural differences within the military and differing approaches to sexual health.ConclusionsThis study highlights that soldiers deploying on exercise in BATUK are inadequately prepared to make safe sexual health decisions. This raises the need for further research to understand soldiers’ understanding of high-risk sexual behaviours. This will inform the revised content of the sexual health brief required to improve the sexual health of soldiers and units deployed to BATUK, improve operational effectiveness, improve the reputation of the British Army and reduce the likelihood of sexually transmitted diseases being spread. Further research should also consider factors such as peer pressure and ‘unit culture’, and how this could impact soldiers’ understanding of sexual health, magnifying positive attitudes and mitigating negative ones.
Development and operation of the defence COVID-19 lab as a SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic screening capability for UK military personnel
Authors: Weller Simon A , Armstrong S R , Bailey S , Burnell H T , Burt E L , Cant N E , Cawthorne K R , Chester M , Choules J E , Coe N A , Coward L , Cox V L , Emery E R , Evans C P , Finn A , Halford C M , Hamblin K A , Harrison G V , Hartley M G , Hudson C , James B , Jones H E , Keyser E , Lonsdale C L , Marshall L E , Maule C E , Miles J A , Newstead S L , Nicholls M , Osborne C , Pearcy A S , Penny L D , Perrot R , Rachwal P , Robinson V , Rushton D , Stahl F M , Staplehurst S V , Stapleton H L , Steeds K , Stephenson K , Thompson I J , Thwaite J E , Ulaeto D O , Waters N , Wills D J , Wills Z S , Rees C , Hutley E J 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) and Defence Pathology combined to form the Defence Clinical Lab (DCL), an accredited (ISO/IEC 17025:2017) high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 PCR screening capability for military personnel.Laboratory structure and resourceThe DCL was modular in organisation, with laboratory modules and supporting functions combining to provide the accredited SARS-CoV-2 (envelope (E)-gene) PCR assay. The DCL was resourced by Dstl scientists and military clinicians and biomedical scientists.Laboratory resultsOver 12 months of operation, the DCL was open on 289 days and tested over 72 000 samples. Six hundred military SARS-CoV-2-positive results were reported with a median E-gene quantitation cycle (Cq) value of 30.44. The lowest Cq value for a positive result observed was 11.20. Only 64 samples (0.09%) were voided due to assay inhibition after processing started.ConclusionsThrough a sustained effort and despite various operational issues, the collaboration between Dstl scientific expertise and Defence Pathology clinical expertise provided the UK military with an accredited high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 PCR test capability at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The DCL helped facilitate military training and operational deployments contributing to the maintenance of UK military capability. In offering a bespoke capability, including features such as testing samples in unit batches and oversight by military consultant microbiologists, the DCL provided additional benefits to the UK Ministry of Defence that were potentially not available from other SARS-CoV-2 PCR laboratories. The links between Dstl and Defence Pathology have also been strengthened, benefitting future research activities and operational responses.
Different drugs, different sides: injection use of opioids alone, and not stimulants alone, predisposes to right-sided endocarditis
Authors: Johnstone Rochelle , Khalil Nadine , Shojaei Esfandiar , Puka Klajdi , Bondy Lise , Koivu Sharon , Silverman Michael 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesMany studies suggest that infective endocarditis (IE) in people who inject drugs is predominantly right sided, while other studies suggest left sided disease; few have differentiated by class of drug used. We hypothesised that based on differing physiological mechanisms, opioids but not stimulants would be associated with right sided IE.MethodsA retrospective case series of 290 adult (age ≥18) patients with self-reported recent injection drug use, admitted for a first episode of IE to one of three hospitals in London Ontario between April 2007 and March 2018, stratified patients by drug class used (opioid, stimulant or both), and by site of endocarditis. Other outcomes captured included demographics, causative organisms, cardiac and non-cardiac complications, referral to addiction services, medical versus surgical management, and survival.ResultsOf those who injected only opioids, 47/71 (69%) developed right-sided IE, 17/71 (25%) developed left-sided IE and 4/71 (6%) had bilateral IE. Of those who injected only stimulants, 11/24 (46%) developed right-sided IE, 11/24 (46%) developed left-sided IE and 2/24 (8%) had bilateral IE. Relative to opioid-only users, stimulant-only users were 1.75 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.93; p=0.031) times more likely to have a left or bilateral IE versus right IE.ConclusionsWhile injection use of opioids is associated with a strong predisposition to right-sided IE, stimulants differ in producing a balanced ratio of right and left-sided disease. As the epidemic of crystal methamphetamine injection continues unabated, the rate of left-sided disease, with its attendant higher morbidity and mortality, may also grow.
Epidemiological study of calcified aortic valve stenosis in a Chinese community population
Authors: Chen Jun , Lyu Lingchun , Shen Jiayi , Pan Yuesong , Jing Jing , Wang Yong-Jun , Wei Tiemin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Due to the ageing global population, calcified aortic valve disease is currently the most common cardiac valve disorder. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the risk factors for calcified aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), and develop a prediction model for predicting CAVS risk.

Methods and results
This study was derived from the cross-sectional baseline survey of the PRECISE study (NCT03178448). The demographic, clinical and laboratory information of each participant was obtained. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine CAVS risk factors. A prediction model for predicting CAVS risk based on risk factors was developed and the result was performed by nomogram. The discrimination of the prediction model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The degree of fitting for the prediction model was assessed by calibration curve analysis. A total of 3067 participants (1427 men and 1640 women) were included. The prevalence of CAVS among those aged below 60 years old, 60–70 years old and over 70 years old was 4.1%, 10.3% and 21.9%, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that age (OR: 1.099; 95% CI: 1.076 to 1.123, p&lt;0.001), pulse pressure (OR: 1.020; 95% CI: 1.009 to 1.031, p&lt;0.001), uric acid (OR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.004, p&lt;0.001), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 1.152; 95% CI: 1.028 to 1.292, p=0.015) and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.002, p&lt;0.001) were independent risk factors for CAVS. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was a protective factor for CAVS (OR: 0.539; 95% CI: 0.349 to 0.831, p=0.005). The prediction model including the above risk factors showed a risk prediction of CAVS with good discrimination. The area under the curve value was found to be 0.743 (95% CI: 0.711 to 0.775).

Conclusion
CAVS is currently prevalent in the elderly Chinese population. Age, pulse pressure, HbA1c, lower-level HDL-C, lipoprotein(a) and uric acid are the independent risk factors for CAVS.
National longitudinal tobacco product cessation rates among US adults from the PATH Study: 2013–2019 (waves 1–5)
Authors: Kasza Karin A , Tang Zhiqun , Xiao Haijun , Marshall Daniela , Stanton Cassandra A , Gross Amy L , Jackson Kathy M , Kelley Dannielle , Schroeder Megan J , Vivar Juan C , Hyland Andrew 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo report on longitudinal tobacco product cessation rates, by product type, among adults (ages 18+ years) in the USA between 2013 and 2019.MethodsThe Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study was used to report on annual and biennial rates of the following three cessation behaviours across 2013–2019: (1) discontinuing tobacco product use (ie, transition from past 30-day use to no past 30-day use), (2) attempting to quit tobacco product use and (3) quitting tobacco product use among those who attempted to quit. Each cessation behaviour was evaluated separately for cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco. Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate linear and nonlinear trends in cessation rates across the study period.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2019, rates of discontinuing cigarette smoking among adults in the USA statistically increased from 16% to 18%, though these were consistently lower than rates of discontinuing use of other tobacco products. Similarly, quit attempt rates and rates of quitting among attempters increased for cigarette smokers. However, rates of discontinuing ENDS use sharply declined across the study period, from 62% to 44%.ConclusionsFindings show that tobacco product cessation rates have been changing in recent years in the USA alongside the changing tobacco product marketplace and regulatory environment, though rates of discontinuing cigarette smoking remain relatively low. Findings can serve as a benchmark against which future cessation rates can be compared to evaluate the impacts of future tobacco regulatory policies.
Nomogram Prediction Model Analysis of Risk Factors for Conversion to Thoracotomy after Thoracoscopic Resection of Lung Cancer and Prognostic Value of Lung Cancer
Authors: Su Peng , Zhu Yonggang , Lv Huilai , Zhang Jian , Huang Chao , Zhang Fan , Tian Ziqiang 
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the risk factors for thoracotomy in patients undergoing thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer and further analyzing the factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Ninety-six patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary resection were recruited as the subjects, and they were enrolled into the thoracoscopic group (

n
=
88

) and the thoracotomy group (

n
=
8

) according to whether thoracotomy was performed. Univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression were performed to analyze the risk factors for conversion to thoracotomy, and nomogram prediction model was employed to analyze the prognostic factors. The results revealed that the proportion of patients over 65 years old, with history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and pulmonary tuberculosis, etc., in the thoracotomy group and the thoracoscopic group was significantly different (

P
<
0.05

). There were statistically significant differences in the development of interlobular cleft, pleural adhesion, tumor

diameter
>
3.5

cm, vascular and lymph node invasion, and tumor TNM stage between the thoracotomy group and the thoracoscopic group (

P
<
0.05

). Overall, the age of

patients
≥
65

years old, tumor

diameter
>
3.5

cm, hypoplasia of interlobular fissure, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural adhesion, and TNM stage IIIa were all independent risk factors for thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer to thoracotomy. Cox model and nomogram prediction model analysis showed that surgery methods, tumor

diameter
>
3.5

cm, chemotherapy

cycle
<
4

, chemotherapy, and TNM stage IIIa were all independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer resection. This nomogram prediction model had high application value in patient prognosis prediction.
Selective Cell Size MRI Differentiates Brain Tumors from Radiation Necrosis
Authors: Devan Sean P. , Jiang Xiaoyu , Luo Guozhen , Xie Jingping , Quirk James D. , Engelbach John A. , Harmsen Hannah , McKinley Eliot T. , Cui Jing , Zu Zhongliang , Attia Albert , Garbow Joel R. , Gore John C. , McKnight Colin D. , Kirschner Austin N. , Xu Junzhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Brain metastasis is a common characteristic of late-stage lung cancers. High doses of targeted radiotherapy can control tumor growth in the brain but can also result in radiotherapy-induced necrosis. Current methods are limited for distinguishing whether new parenchymal lesions following radiotherapy are recurrent tumors or radiotherapy-induced necrosis, but the clinical management of these two classes of lesions differs significantly. Here, we developed, validated, and evaluated a new MRI technique termed selective size imaging using filters via diffusion times (SSIFT) to differentiate brain tumors from radiotherapy necrosis in the brain. This approach generates a signal filter that leverages diffusion time dependence to establish a cell size–weighted map. Computer simulations in silico, cultured cancer cells in vitro, and animals with brain tumors in vivo were used to comprehensively validate the specificity of SSIFT for detecting typical large cancer cells and the ability to differentiate brain tumors from radiotherapy necrosis. SSIFT was also implemented in patients with metastatic brain cancer and radiotherapy necrosis. SSIFT showed high correlation with mean cell sizes in the relevant range of less than 20 μm. The specificity of SSIFT for brain tumors and reduced contrast in other brain etiologies allowed SSIFT to differentiate brain tumors from peritumoral edema and radiotherapy necrosis. In conclusion, this new, cell size–based MRI method provides a unique contrast to differentiate brain tumors from other pathologies in the brain.

Significance:
This work introduces and provides preclinical validation of a new diffusion MRI method that exploits intrinsic differences in cell sizes to distinguish brain tumors and radiotherapy necrosis.
Decreased DNA Damage and Improved p53 Specificity of RITA Analogs
Authors: Zhan Yue , Zhou Xiaolei , Peuget Sylvain , Singh Madhurendra , Peyser Brian D. , Fan Zhimin , Selivanova Galina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Reactivation of p53 tumor-suppressor function by small molecules is an attractive strategy to defeat cancer. A potent p53-reactivating molecule RITA, which triggers p53-dependent apoptosis in human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, exhibits p53-independent cytotoxicity due to modifications by detoxification enzyme Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1), producing a reactive carbocation. Several synthetic modifications to RITA's heterocyclic scaffold lead to higher energy barriers for carbocation formation. In this study, we addressed the question whether RITA analogs NSC777196 and NSC782846 can induce p53-dependent apoptosis without SULT1A1-dependent DNA damage. We found that RITA analog NSC782846, but not NSC777196, induced p53-regulated genes, targeted oncogene addiction, and killed cancer cells upon p53 reactivation, but without induction of DNA damage and inhibition RNA pol II. Our results might demonstrate a method for designing more specific and potent RITA analogs to accelerate translation of p53-targeting compounds from laboratory bench to clinic.