bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization: boundary effect, multimodality, and bifurcation
Authors: Jia Chen , Liu Ziqi , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Anderson localization is a famous wave phenomenon that describes the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium. Here we generalize the landscape theory of Anderson localization to general elliptic operators and complex boundary conditions using a probabilistic approach, and further investigate some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization that are rarely discussed before. First, we observe that under the Neumann boundary condition, the low energy quantum states are localized on the boundary of the domain with high probability. We provide a detailed explanation of this phenomenon using the concept of extended subregions and obtain an analytical expression of this probability in the one-dimensional case. Second, we find that the quantum states may be localized in multiple different subregions with high probability in the one-dimensional case and we derive an explicit expression of this probability for various boundary conditions. Finally, we examine a bifurcation phenomenon of the localization subregion as the strength of disorder varies. The critical threshold of bifurcation is analytically computed based on a toy model and the dependence of the critical threshold on model parameters is analyzed.
Electroactive nanostructured antibacterial materials
Authors: Saraeva I N , Zayarny D A , Tolordava E R , Nastulyavichus A A , Khaertdinova L F , Kudryashov S I , Zhizhimova Y S , Ionin A A , Gonchukov S A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Thin nanostructured metal (Au, Ag) films, magnetron-sputtered on semiconductor (n-type Si) substrate under 6 V voltage exposure for 15 min, exhibit high antibacterial effect against the food pathogens S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Nanostructures were formed by femtosecond laser ablation, resulting in an array of microspots. The observed effect is caused by the emergence of submicron, laterally periodical static electric and magnetic fields, adjacent to the metal film, causing the abrupt voltage drops, which induce the hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and increase its permeability, resulting in the formation of pores (electroporation) in the membrane and the subsequent apoptosis of the bacterial cell. Additional factors, which enhance the antibacterial effect of the studied materials, are the volume convection in the liquid drop with bacterial culture, caused by the moderate heating of the substrate to 45 °C–50 °C during the electric current flow and electro-taxis of bacteria to the charged nanostructured metal film.
Evaluation of different methodologies for primary human dermal fibroblast spheroid formation: automation through 3D bioprinting technology
Authors: Quílez Cristina , Cerdeira Enrique , González-Rico Jorge , de Aranda Gonzalo , López-Donaire Maria Luisa , Jorcano José Luis , Velasco Diego 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cell spheroids have recently emerged as an effective tool to recapitulate native microenvironments of living organisms in an in vitro scenario, increasing the reliability of the results obtained and broadening their applications in regenerative medicine, cancer research, disease modeling and drug screening. In this study the generation of spheroids containing primary human dermal fibroblasts was approached using the two-widely employed methods: hanging-drop and U-shape low adhesion plate (LA-plate). Moreover, extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting was introduced to achieve a standardized and scalable production of cell spheroids, decreasing considerably the possibilities of human error. This was ensured when U-shape LA-plates were used, showing an 85% formation efficiency, increasing up to a 98% when it was automatized using the 3D bioprinting technologies. However, sedimentation effect within the cartridge led to a reduction of 20% in size of the spheroid during the printing process. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chosen as viscosity enhancer to supplement the bioink and overcome cell sedimentation within the cartridge due to the high viability values exhibited by the cells—around 80%—at the used conditions. Finally, (ANCOVA) of spheroid size over time for different printing conditions stand out HA 0.4% (w/v) 60 kDa as the viscosity-improved bioink that exhibit the highest cell viability and spheroid formation percentages. Besides, not only did it ensure cell spheroid homogeneity over time, reducing cell sedimentation effects, but also wider spheroid diameters over time with less variability, outperforming significantly manual loading.
Hydrodynamic behavior of the two-TASEP
Authors: Cantini Luigi , Zahra Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We address the question of the hydrodynamic behavior of a two-species generalization of the TASEP, called two-TASEP, introduced by Derrida (1996 Statphys-19: 19th IUPAP Int. Conf. Statistical Physics) and Mallick (1996 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.
29 5375). We find that the auxiliary variables, introduced previously in the literature to express the density dependence of particle currents, turn out to be the Riemann variables of the conservation equations. This allows us to work out quite explicitly the rarefaction and shock solutions and to completely solve the associated Riemann problem. Our theoretical results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.
Satisfiability transition in asymmetric neural networks
Authors: Aguirre-López Fabián , Pastore Mauro , Franz Silvio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Asymmetry in the synaptic interactions between neurons plays a crucial role in determining the memory storage and retrieval properties of recurrent neural networks. In this work, we analyze the problem of storing random memories in a network of neurons connected by a synaptic matrix with a definite degree of asymmetry. We study the corresponding satisfiability and clustering transitions in the space of solutions of the constraint satisfaction problem associated with finding synaptic matrices given the memories. We find, besides the usual SAT/UNSAT transition at a critical number of memories to store in the network, an additional transition for very asymmetric matrices, where the competing constraints (definite asymmetry vs memories storage) induce enough frustration in the problem to make it impossible to solve. This finding is particularly striking in the case of a single memory to store, where no quenched disorder is present in the system.
Hexagonal matching codes with two-body measurements
Authors: Wootton James R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Matching codes are stabilizer codes based on Kitaev’s honeycomb lattice model. The hexagonal form of these codes are particularly well-suited to the heavy-hexagon device layouts currently pursued in the hardware of IBM quantum. Here we show how the stabilizers of the code can be measured solely through two-body measurements that are native to the architecture. Though the subsystem code formed by these measurements has a trivial code space, the sequence in which they are measured allows the desired logical subspace to be preserved. This therefore achieves a result similar to the recently introduced Floquet codes, but via a completely different method. The process is then run on 27 and 65 qubit devices, to compare results with simulations for a standard error model. It is found that the results correspond well to simulations where the noise strength is similar to that found in the benchmarking of the devices. The best devices show results consistent with a noise model with an error probability of around 1.5%–2%.
Spiral phase plasma mirror
Authors: Porat Elkana , Lightman Shlomi , Cohen Itamar , Pomerantz Ishay 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work we present a method for generating ultra-intense Laguerre–Gauss laser beams, using 3D direct laser writing of spiral phase plasma mirrors. These single-use mirrors provide an economical and scalable solution for arbitrary spatial beam shaping at ultra-high laser intensities. The use of these plasma-based optical devices is demonstrated for the case of an orbital angular momentum of

l
=
1

, with incident laser intensity of 1017 W cm−2. We conclude by discussing practical considerations for using these optical elements on petawatt-class laser systems
Analysis on thermal conductivity of green processed alumina nanofluid for thermal industries
Authors: Sa J , Nath G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dual mechanism played by curry leaf extract on synthesis of alumina nanoparticles contributes a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluid with appreciably small volume fraction from 0.01%–0.05%. The most probable particle size of alumina nanoparticle dispersed in water of 3.12 nm observed from particle size analyser along with a strong absorption peak at λ
max around 238 nm confirms the alumina nanoparticles in the fluid. The increase of energy band gap from 4.8 to 5.12 eV indicates the decrease in size of the nanoparticle solely attributed to contribution of curry leaf extraction method of preparation of nanoparticles. The spherical shaped alumina nanoparticle has got high thermal conductivity with enhancement from 1.8% to 21.44% which is attributed to the significant contribution of H-atom as energy storage unit in water. With increase of sonication time, thermal conductivity varies appreciably from 0.531 W mK−1 to 0.736 W mK−1 with volume fraction of nanofluid. Therefore, the novel combinations of characterised properties of Al2O3 nanofluid have proved to be the best thermally stable heat transfer fluid compared to conventional cooling fluids.
Influence of heat treatments on microstructural and mechanical properties of Grade 5 titanium friction welds
Authors: Sri Ram Vikas K , Rao K Srinivasa , Rahul  , Reddy G Madhusudhan , Venkata Ramana V S N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are extensively used in automobile, aerospace and biomedical applications. There are many problems associated with the fusion welding of titanium. Thus, friction welding is an alternative technique for joining titanium without defects. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5 -Titanium alloy) rods were welded using a rotary friction process. Before welding, pre-heat treatments were carried in α-β and β conditions followed by stress relieving on Grade 5 -Titanium alloy rods and some rods were stress relieved after welding. After several trials, friction welding at rotational speed, 1500 rpm and 5 kN upset force obtained defect-free joints. α-β heat treatment enhanced ductility as compared with β heat treatment. α-β heat treatment lead formation of bimodal microstructure in the base metal and β heat treatment produced lamellar Coarse β grains with colonies of α within β grains. Among different heat treatment conditions, high hardness was observed in the α-β heat treatment condition with stress-relieving. Stress-relieving of the welds resulted in an improvement in the hardness because of β precipitates. Fracture morphology is brittle in β treated conditions and ductile in α-β conditions. All welded samples failed away from the weld region irrespective of heat treatments applied, this shows that the weld region is much stronger than the base region due to acicular α and β phases. Mechanical properties were correlated as evidenced by microstructural features.
Estimation of UAV flight time and Battery Consumption for photogrammetric application using multiple machine learning algorithms
Authors: Bilgehan Makineci Hasan , Mustafa Hüsrevoğlu , Hakan Karabörk 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
In recent years, important research has been conducted in Machine Learning (ML), especially on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) and Particle Swarm Optimization-Fuzzy Inference System (PSO-FIS) algorithms are popular ML algorithms like ANN. In terms of their working architecture and results, ANN, ANFIS, and PSO-FIS algorithms can obtain useful solutions for different nonlinear problems. This study evaluated the performance of the ANN, ANFIS, and PSO-FIS algorithms and compared the estimation results. Regarding the application, the test and target data was obtained from the flights performed with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), including how long the UAV operates (i.e., Flight Time, FT) and how much battery the UAV consumes during the flight (i.e., Battery Consumption, BC). To obtain FT and BC outputs, sixty-five pre- and post-flight data tables were created. The best iterations for estimating the outputs using the three ML algorithms (considering the minimum/maximum values, RMSE, R, and R2) were determined and discussed based on the training, validation, and test estimations.
Translating Stephen King’s The Stand to Quality TV
Authors: Lynch Andrew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Released in 1978 and updated in 1990, the post-apocalyptic epic fantasy novel The Stand remains one of author Stephen King’s most significant works. The Stand tells a quasi-religious story of good and evil after the USA is devastated by a potent strain of influenza known as ‘Captain Trips’. Two camps of survivors emerge, one under the benevolent direction of an old woman named Mother Abigail, and the other lorded over by a devilish Tyrant named Randall Flagg. Like so much of King’s writing, it has been adapted to screen. It was first adapted into a four-part broadcast television miniseries event for broadcast network ABC in 1994. The Stand was adapted to television once again in 2020, this time as a limited series (nine episodes) for subscription video on demand (SVOD) service Paramount+ (formerly CBS All Access). This article uses these two adaptations of The Stand to examine the similarities and differences between two eras of US ‘quality’ television. ‘Quality TV’ describes a broad range of TV series, linked by their intention to be received as prestigious and therefore culturally valuable. By comparing two adaptations of the same original story, we can better understand how these series adapted from Stephen King’s work served and were shaped by the commercial and cultural imperatives of the broadcast and post-broadcast eras of US TV.
A Crowdsourced Evaluation of Facial Averageness and Attractiveness
Authors: Amaya Joshua , Wen Y Edward , Shang Zhiguo , Jamieson Andrew , Aly Al 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Evolutionary psychologists have demonstrated that humans are attracted to individuals who possess average anatomy for the population.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to prove that a composite of average facial features would be more attractive to raters than the cohort utilized to create the composite.

Methods
The male and female cohorts each consisted of 41 standardized frontal-view monochrome photographs, with 1 composite image derived from the other 40 real images. Amazon Mechanical Turk, a widely used crowdsourcing platform, was utilized to obtain ratings of images ranging from 1 to 7, with 1 and 7 being least and most attractive, respectively. The strength of the preference for the composite over the real images was assessed by the difference between the mean rating of the composite and real images.

Results
In total, 870 and 876 respondents were recruited to rate the male and female cohorts, respectively. For the male and female cohorts, the composite image was rated significantly higher than the rest of the cohort overall and across all ages, genders, and countries of residence (all P &lt; 0.0001). For both cohorts, the strength of the preference was significantly higher for European respondents and lower for South American and nonbinary respondents (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
This study reveals that average facial anatomy is perceived as most attractive across all demographics, a finding that is hoped to serve as a stepping stone for further studies leading to objective cosmetic quantifications and integrating evidence-based medicine into aesthetic surgery.
Sequence tagging for biomedical extractive question answering
Authors: Yoon Wonjin , Jackson Richard , Lagerberg Aron , Kang Jaewoo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationCurrent studies in extractive question answering (EQA) have modeled the single-span extraction setting, where a single answer span is a label to predict for a given question-passage pair. This setting is natural for general domain EQA as the majority of the questions in the general domain can be answered with a single span. Following general domain EQA models, current biomedical EQA (BioEQA) models utilize the single-span extraction setting with post-processing steps.ResultsIn this article, we investigate the question distribution across the general and biomedical domains and discover biomedical questions are more likely to require list-type answers (multiple answers) than factoid-type answers (single answer). This necessitates the models capable of producing multiple answers for a question. Based on this preliminary study, we propose a sequence tagging approach for BioEQA, which is a multi-span extraction setting. Our approach directly tackles questions with a variable number of phrases as their answer and can learn to decide the number of answers for a question from training data. Our experimental results on the BioASQ 7b and 8b list-type questions outperformed the best-performing existing models without requiring post-processing steps.Availability and implementationSource codes and resources are freely available for download at https://github.com/dmis-lab/SeqTagQA.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Separable expansions for covariance estimation via the partial inner product
Authors: Masak T , Sarkar S , Panaretos V M 
Published: June 2022

Summary
The nonparametric estimation of covariance lies at the heart of functional data analysis, whether for curve or surface-valued data. The case of a two-dimensional domain poses both statistical and computational challenges, which are typically alleviated by assuming separability. However, separability is often questionable, sometimes even demonstrably inadequate. We propose a framework for the analysis of covariance operators of random surfaces that generalizes separability while retaining its major advantages. Our approach is based on the expansion of the covariance into a series of separable terms. The expansion is valid for any covariance over a two-dimensional domain. Leveraging the key notion of the partial inner product, we generalize the power iteration method to general Hilbert spaces, and show how the aforementioned expansion can be efficiently constructed in practice at the level of the surface observations. Truncation of the expansion and retention of the leading terms automatically induces a nonparametric estimator of the covariance, whose parsimony is dictated by the truncation level. The resulting estimator can be calculated, stored and manipulated with little computational overhead relative to separability. Consistency and rates of convergence are derived under mild regularity assumptions, illustrating the trade-off between bias and variance regulated by the truncation level. The merits and practical performance of the proposed methodology are demonstrated in a comprehensive simulation study.
Recurrent de novo mutations in CLDN5 induce an anion-selective blood–brain barrier and alternating hemiplegia
Authors: Hashimoto Yosuke , Poirier Karine , Boddaert Nathalie , Hubert Laurence , Aubart Melodie , Kaminska Anna , Alison Marianne , Desguerre Isabelle , Munnich Arnold , Campbell Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Claudin-5 is the most enriched tight junction protein at the blood–brain barrier. Perturbations in its levels of expression have been observed across numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions; however, pathogenic variants in the coding sequence of the gene have never been reported previously. Here, we report the identification of a novel de novo mutation (c.178G&gt;A) in the CLDN5 gene in two unrelated cases of alternating hemiplegia with microcephaly. This mutation (G60R) lies within the first extracellular loop of claudin-5 and based on protein modelling and sequence alignment, we predicted it would modify claudin-5 to become an anion-selective junctional component as opposed to a purely barrier-forming protein.
Generation of stably transfected cell lines expressing wild-type or G60R claudin-5 showed that the tight junctions could still form in the presence of the G60R mutation but that the barrier against small molecules was clearly attenuated and displayed higher Cl− ion permeability and lower Na+ permeability.
While this study strongly suggests that CLDN5 associated alternating hemiplegia is a channelopathy, it is also the first study to identify the conversion of the blood–brain barrier to an anion-selective channel mediated by a dominant acting variant in CLDN5.
Vessel wall magnetic resonance and arterial spin labelling imaging in the management of presumed inflammatory intracranial arterial vasculopathy
Authors: Benjamin L A , Lim E , Sokolska M , Markus J , Zaletel T , Aggarwal V , Luder R , Sanchez E , Brown K , Sofat R , Singh A , Houlihan C , Nastouli E , Losseff N , Werring D J , Brown M M , Mason J C , Simister R J , Jäger H R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optimal criteria for diagnosing and monitoring response to treatment for infectious and inflammatory medium–large vessel intracranial vasculitis presenting with stroke are lacking. We integrated intracranial vessel wall MRI with arterial spin labelling into our routine clinical stroke pathway to detect presumed inflammatory intracranial arterial vasculopathy, and monitor disease activity, in patients with clinical stroke syndromes. We used predefined standardized radiological criteria to define vessel wall enhancement, and all imaging findings were rated blinded to clinical details. Between 2017 and 2018, stroke or transient ischaemic attack patients were first screened in our vascular radiology meeting and followed up in a dedicated specialist stroke clinic if a diagnosis of medium–large inflammatory intracranial arterial vasculopathy was radiologically confirmed. Treatment was determined and monitored by a multi-disciplinary team. In this case series, 11 patients were managed in this period from the cohort of young stroke presenters (&lt;55 years). The median age was 36 years (interquartile range: 33,50), of which 8 of 11 (73%) were female. Two of 11 (18%) had herpes virus infection confirmed by viral nucleic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid. We showed improvement in cerebral perfusion at 1 year using an arterial spin labelling sequence in patients taking immunosuppressive therapy for &gt;4 weeks compared with those not receiving therapy [6 (100%) versus 2 (40%) P = 0.026]. Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of vessel wall magnetic resonance with arterial spin labelling imaging in detecting and monitoring medium–large inflammatory intracranial arterial vasculopathy activity for patients presenting with stroke symptoms, limiting the need to progress to brain biopsy. Further systematic studies in unselected populations of stroke patients are needed to confirm our findings and establish the prevalence of medium–large artery wall inflammation.