bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects and Therapeutics of Ginsenosides for Improving Endothelial Dysfunction: From Therapeutic Potentials, Pharmaceutical Developments to Clinical Trials
Authors: Yang Fang , Yang Ming-Yue , Le Jing-Qing , Luo Bang-Yue , Yin Meng-Die , Chao-Li  , Jiang Jia-Li , Fang Yi-Fan , Shao Jing-Wei 
Published: April 2022

The endothelium covers the internal lumen of the entire circulatory system and plays an important modulatory role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelium dysfunction, characterized by a vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory, and pro-coagulant state, usually manifests as a significant pathological process of vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis (AS), stroke, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to seek promising therapeutic drugs or remedies to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction-induced vascular ailments and complications. Recently, much attention has been attached to ginsenosides, the most significant active components of ginseng, which have always been referred to as “all-healing” and widely used for its extensively medicinal value. Surprisingly, ginsenosides have diverse biological activity which might be related to inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, a brief introduction about endothelial dysfunction and ginsenosides was demonstrated, and the emphasis was put on summarizing multi-faceted pharmacological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on the endothelium, including vasorelaxation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and angio-modulation. Beyond that, nanotechnology to improve efficacy and the existing clinical trials of ginsenosides were concluded. Hopefully, our work will give suggestions for promoting clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, e.g., hypertension, AS, diabetes, ischemic stroke, and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive base of knowledge for ginsenosides to prevention and treatment of vascular injury- related diseases with clinical significance.
DiffCloth: Differentiable Cloth Simulation with Dry Frictional Contact
Authors: Li Yifei , Du Tao , Wu Kui , Xu Jie , Matusik Wojciech 
Published: April 2022

Cloth simulation has wide applications in computer animation, garment design, and robot-assisted dressing. This work presents a differentiable cloth simulator whose additional gradient information facilitates cloth-related applications. Our differentiable simulator extends a state-of-the-art cloth simulator based on Projective Dynamics (PD) and with dry frictional contact [Ly et al.
2020
]. We draw inspiration from previous work [Du et al.
2021
] to propose a fast and novel method for deriving gradients in PD-based cloth simulation with dry frictional contact. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the usefulness of gradients in contact-rich cloth simulation. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our simulator in a number of downstream applications, including system identification, trajectory optimization for assisted dressing, closed-loop control, inverse design, and real-to-sim transfer. We observe a substantial speedup obtained from using our gradient information in solving most of these applications.
Understanding Controlling Factors of Extratropical Humidity and Clouds with an Idealized General Circulation Model
Authors: Frazer Michelle E. , Ming Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the physical controls of extratropical humidity and clouds by isolating the effects of cloud physics factors in an idealized model. The Held–Suarez dynamical core is used with the addition of passive water vapor and cloud tracers, allowing cloud processes to be explored cleanly. Separate saturation adjustment and full cloud scheme controls are used to consider the strength of advection–condensation theory. Three sets of perturbations to the cloud scheme are designed to test the model’s sensitivity to the physics of condensation, sedimentation, and precipitation formation. The condensation and sedimentation perturbations isolate two key differences between the control cases. First, the sub-grid-scale relative humidity distribution assumed for the cloud macrophysics influences the location and magnitude of the extratropical cloud maxima, which interrupt the isentropic transport of moisture to the polar troposphere. Second, within the model’s explicit treatment of cloud microphysics, re-evaporation of hydrometeors moistens and increases clouds in the lower troposphere. In contrast, microphysical processes of precipitation formation (specifically, the ratio of accretion to autoconversion) have negligible effects on humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation apart from the strength of the large-scale condensation and formation cycle. In addition, counterintuitive relationships—such as cloud condensate and cloud fraction responding in opposing directions—emphasize the need for careful dissection of physical mechanisms. In keeping with advection–condensation theory, circulation sets the patterns of humidity, clouds, and precipitation to first order, with factors explored herein providing secondary controls. The results substantiate the utility of such idealized modeling and highlight key cloud processes to constrain.
Modeling hourly weather-related road traffic variations for different vehicle types in Germany
Authors: Becker Nico , Rust Henning W. , Ulbrich Uwe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWeather has a substantial influence on people’s travel behavior. In this study we analyze if meteorological variables can improve predictions of hourly traffic counts at 1400 stations on federal roads and highways in Germany. Motorbikes, cars, vans and trucks are distinguished. It is evaluated in how far the mean squared error of Poisson regression models for hourly traffic counts is reduced by using precipitation, temperature, cloud cover and wind speed data. It is shown that in particular motorbike counts are strongly weather-dependent. On federal roads the mean squared error is reduced by up to 60% in models with meteorological predictor variables, when compared to models without meteorological variables. A detailed analysis of the models for motorbike counts reveals non-linear relationships between the meteorological variables and motorbike counts. Car counts are shown to be specifically sensitive to weather in touristic regions like seaside resorts and nature parks. The findings allow for several potential applications like improvements of route planning in navigation systems, implementations in traffic management systems, day-ahead planning of visitor numbers in touristic areas or the usage in road crash modelling.
Are we there yet? Benchmarking low-coverage nanopore long-read sequencing for the assembling of mitochondrial genomes using the vulnerable silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis
Authors: Baeza J. Antonio , García-De León F. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Whole mitochondrial genomes are quickly becoming markers of choice for the exploration of within-species genealogical and among-species phylogenetic relationships. Most often, ‘primer walking’ or ‘long PCR’ strategies plus Sanger sequencing or low-pass whole genome sequencing using Illumina short reads are used for the assembling of mitochondrial chromosomes. In this study, we first confirmed that mitochondrial genomes can be sequenced from long reads using nanopore sequencing data exclusively. Next, we examined the accuracy of the long-reads assembled mitochondrial chromosomes when comparing them to a ‘gold’ standard reference mitochondrial chromosome assembled using Illumina short-reads sequencing.

Results
Using a specialized bioinformatics tool, we first produced a short-reads mitochondrial genome assembly for the silky shark C. falciformis with an average base coverage of 9.8x. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. falciformis was 16,705 bp in length and 934 bp shorter than a previously assembled genome (17,639 bp in length) that used bioinformatics tools not specialized for the assembly of mitochondrial chromosomes. Next, low-pass whole genome sequencing using a MinION ONT pocket-sized platform plus customized de-novo and reference-based workflows assembled and circularized a highly accurate mitochondrial genome in the silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis. Indels at the flanks of homopolymer regions explained most of the dissimilarities observed between the ‘gold’ standard reference mitochondrial genome (assembled using Illumina short reads) and each of the long-reads mitochondrial genome assemblies. Although not completely accurate, mitophylogenomics and barcoding analyses (using entire mitogenomes and the D-Loop/Control Region, respectively) suggest that long-reads assembled mitochondrial genomes are reliable for identifying a sequenced individual, such as C. falciformis, and separating the same individual from others belonging to closely related congeneric species.

Conclusions
This study confirms that mitochondrial genomes can be sequenced from long-reads nanopore sequencing data exclusively. With further development, nanopore technology can be used to quickly test in situ mislabeling in the shark fin fishing industry and thus, improve surveillance protocols, law enforcement, and the regulation of this fishery. This study will also assist with the transferring of high-throughput sequencing technology to middle- and low-income countries so that international scientists can explore population genomics in sharks using inclusive research strategies. Lastly, we recommend assembling mitochondrial genomes using specialized assemblers instead of other assemblers developed for bacterial and/or nuclear genomes.
Whole genome sequencing and the application of a SNP panel reveal primary evolutionary lineages and genomic variation in the lion (Panthera leo)
Authors: Bertola L. D. , Vermaat M. , Lesilau F. , Chege M. , Tumenta P. N. , Sogbohossou E. A. , Schaap O. D. , Bauer H. , Patterson B. D. , White P. A. , de Iongh H. H. , Laros J. F. J. , Vrieling K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious phylogeographic studies of the lion (Panthera leo) have improved our insight into the distribution of genetic variation, as well as a revised taxonomy which now recognizes a northern (Panthera leo leo) and a southern (Panthera leo melanochaita) subspecies. However, existing whole range phylogeographic studies on lions either consist of very limited numbers of samples, or are focused on mitochondrial DNA and/or a limited set of microsatellites. The geographic extent of genetic lineages and their phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain, clouded by massive sampling gaps, sex-biased dispersal and incomplete lineage sorting.ResultsIn this study we present results of low depth whole genome sequencing and subsequent variant calling in ten lions sampled throughout the geographic range, resulting in the discovery of >150,000 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic analyses revealed the same basal split between northern and southern populations, as well as four population clusters on a more local scale. Further, we designed a SNP panel, including 125 autosomal and 14 mitochondrial SNPs, which was tested on >200 lions from across their range. Results allow us to assign individuals to one of these four major clades (West & Central Africa, India, East Africa, or Southern Africa) and delineate these clades in more detail.ConclusionsThe results presented here, particularly the validated SNP panel, have important applications, not only for studying populations on a local geographic scale, but also for tracing samples of unknown origin for forensic purposes, and for guiding conservation management of ex situ populations. Thus, these genomic resources not only contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary history of the lion, but may also play a crucial role in conservation efforts aimed at protecting the species in its full diversity.
Association of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and thoracic aorta calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients with and without diabetes
Authors: Wei Kai , Song Gesheng , Xi Linhe , Chen Juan , Sun Chuancai , Chen Ping , Wei Yong , Wang Li , Kong Xianglei , Li Yang , Xu Dongmei , Jia Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is not only a bone-derived factor involved in metabolism, but also a biomarker of kidney disease and cardiovascular pathophysiology. We conducted this cross-sectional observational study to explore relationships between plasma NGAL and thoracic aorta calcification (TAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with and without diabetes.

Methods
Plasma NGAL was measured by ELISA, TAC was evaluated via computed tomography scan using a 3D quantification method or chest radiography aortic arch calcification score. Spearman correlation, Logistic regression and Partial correlation analysis were used to describe the correlations between NGAL and TAC.

Results
Plasma NGAL levels were lower in MHD patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (49.33(42.37, 55.48) vs 56.78(44.37, 674.13) ng/mL, P = 0.026). In MHD patients without diabetes, lg (NGAL) was positively correlated with ARC value(R = 0.612, P = 0.003) analyzed by Spearman correlation; for partial correlation analysis, lg (NGAL) was positively correlated with ARC value, after adjusting for age and sex (R = 0.550, P = 0.015), adjusting for age, sex and CHD (R = 0.565, P = 0.015), adjusting for age, sex, CHD and Alb (R = 0.536, P = 0.027), or adjusting for age, sex, CHD, Alb, and dialyzer membrane (polysulfone) (R = 0.590, P = 0.016); however, when adjusting for age, sex, CHD, Alb and Ca, the correlation between lg (NGAL) and ARC value disappeared. Positive correlation were found between NGAL and Ca (R = 0.644, P < 0.001), Ca and ACR (R = 0.534, P = 0.013) in Spearman coefficient analysis.

Conclusion
There were positive correlations among plasma NGAL, serum Ca and ARC in MHD patients without diabetes; which suggests that NGAL is possibly a participant in cardiovascular calcification, in non-diabetic MHD.
Sporadic adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease without high-intensity signal on DWI and T2WI: a case report
Authors: Wang Hongfen , Feng Feng , Liu Jiajin , Deng Jianwen , Bai Jiongming , Zhang Wei , Wang Luning , Xu Baixuan , Huang Xusheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. High-intensity signal in the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is supportive to the diagnosis of NIID. We describe a patient with sporadic adult-onset NIID but without any high-intensity signal on DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI).

Case presentation
A 58-year-old woman without special family history developed mild persistent tremor in the right hand and deteriorated 2 years later. At 60 years of age, the patient began to conceive the bank, police and internet being deceptive, further presented apathy and confusion after two and a half years, as well as fabrication of non-existent things. Despite the treatment of antipsychotic drugs due to a diagnosis of mental disorder, the patient appeared weakness in the right limbs. Neurological examination revealed mutism, resting tremor, cogwheel-like rigidity in upper limbs, and weakness in all limbs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging displayed no cerebral atrophy initially but atrophy of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes 5 years later. No any high-intensity signal on DWI and T2WI was revealed. However, hypometabolism in the cortexes with atrophy and the right putamen nucleus were showed on 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance. On the basis of 107 GGC repeats (normal number <40) in NOTCH2NLC gene and intranuclear inclusions with p62 immunoreactivity in the adipocyte of cutaneous sweat duct by skin biopsy, NIID was finally diagnosed. The symptomatic treatment was given but the patient had no evident improvement.

Conclusions
Our case highlights that despite the lack of high-intensity signal on DWI and T2WI, NIID is still considered for patients with parkinsonism and mental impairment.
Delayed secretory activation and low milk production in women with gestational diabetes: a case series
Authors: Suwaydi Majed A. , Wlodek Mary E. , Lai Ching Tat , Prosser Stuart A. , Geddes Donna T. , Perrella Sharon L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is major pregnancy complication that is associated with short- and long-term consequences for both mother and infant, including increased risk of diabetes later in life. A longer breastfeeding duration has been associated with a reduced risk of diabetes, however, women with GDM are less likely to exclusively breastfeed and have shorter breastfeeding duration. While the timing of breastfeeding initiation and milk removal frequency affects subsequent breastfeeding outcomes, little is known about early infant feeding practices and milk production in women with GDM. This case series offers detailed prospective breastfeeding initiation data, as well as the first report of objective measures of milk production in women with GDM.

Case presentation
In this case series, we present the early infant feeding practices of eight women with GDM that gave birth at term gestation. Women recorded the timing of initiation of breastfeeding and secretory activation, as well as their breastfeeding, expression and formula feeding frequencies on postpartum days 1, 7 and 21. Measurement of 24 h milk production volume was performed at 3 weeks postpartum using the test weight method. We observed a delayed first breastfeed (> 1 h) in 6 (75%) cases, formula use in hospital in 5 (63%) cases and delayed secretory activation in 3 (38%) cases. At 3 weeks postpartum, 2 cases had measured milk productions that were insufficient to sustain adequate infant weight gain.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that despite early and frequent milk removal, women with GDM are at greater risk of delayed secretory activation and low milk supply. Cohort studies that consider co-morbidities such as obesity are needed to determine the lactation outcomes of women with GDM.
The relationship between health literacy and empowerment in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tavananezhad Nikta , Bolbanabad Amjad Mohamadi , Ghelichkhani Fatemeh , Effati-Daryani Fatemeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Maternal health literacy is defined as the acquisition of required cognitive and social skills to enable women to access, understand, appraise, and use the information needed to maintain and enhance their health conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposes health literacy and women empowerment as two pivotal components of maternal health improvement programs. In this regard, providing women with education and training in various fields is a key factor for their empowerment, prosperity, and well-being. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and empowerment during pregnancy.

Methods
This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study examined 355 pregnant women, presented to different health centers in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2021. The cluster technique was used for sampling. For data collection, the socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, health literacy, and pregnant women's empowerment questionnaires were completed by interviewing research subjects. Data analysis was done using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression in STATA13.

Results
The mean and standard deviation of health literacy and empowerment were 80.03 ± 12.79 (0–100) and 80.30 ± 8.14 (27–108), respectively. In terms of empowerment, the highest (19.50) and the lowest (12.92) scores were, respectively, observed in subdomains of “self-efficacy” and “the joy of an addition to the family.” With respect to health literacy, the highest (88.52) and lowest (73.78) mean scores were, respectively, observed in the subdomains of “understanding” and “access.” Pearson correlation test suggested that there was a significant direct correlation between the overall health literacy (r = 0.26; p < 0.001) and access (r = 0.18; p = 0.001), understanding (r = 0.11; p = 0.038), evaluation (r = 0.18; p = 0.001), and decision-making (r = 0.33; p < 0.001) with empowerment during pregnancy. Based on the multivariate linear regression model, empowerment during pregnancy improved with increasing health literacy (B = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.23; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The results show a direct relationship between health literacy and its dimensions with empowerment during pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the health literacy of all women of reproductive age.
Development, implementation and evaluation a palliative care program for colorectal cancer patients: a mixed methods protocol study
Authors: Bahrami Masoud , Masoumy Masoumeh , Sadeghi Alireza , Mosavizadeh Rohallah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Colorectal cancer(CRC) patients are among the incurable groups who need comprehensive palliative care covering all aspects including physical, mental, social, and spiritual. The purpose of this study is to develop, implement, and evaluate a holistic palliative care program for CRC patients in order to improve quality of life of CRC patients.

Methods
This study is an exploratory mixed methods study which will be conducted using a sequential qualitative-quantitative design (QUAL quan) consists of four sequential steps using the approach proposed by Ewles & Sminett to develop the program. In the first phase, a qualitative study (semi-structured interview) will be conducted to discover the needs of CRC patients from the perspective of patients, family members and care providers. In the second phase, the literature review will be performed with the aim of confirming and completing the discovering new needs. In the third phase, in order to prioritize the identified needs and prepare a initial draft of the palliative care program will be done a panel of experts. In the fourth phase, the part of the developed program according to the opinions of the panel of experts, will be implemented as quasi-experimental intervention and the effect of intervention on quality of life will be evaluated.

Discussion
This results of this study are expected to meet the needs of CRC patients and their families through providing a holistic care and improve their quality of life in the socio-cultural context of Iran. This program can be useful in providing care, education, policy making and for future research.