bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credibility dilemmas under the Paris agreement: explaining fossil fuel subsidy reform references in INDCs
Authors: Elliott Christian , Bernstein Steven , Hoffmann Matthew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFossil fuel subsidies are a market distortion commonly identified as an obstacle to decarbonization. Yet due to trenchant political economic risks, reform attempts can be fraught for governments. Despite these concerns, an institutionally and economically diverse group of states included references to fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) in their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) under the Paris Agreement. What conditions might explain why some states reference politically risky reforms within treaty commitments, while most others would not? We argue that the Article 4 process under the Paris Agreement creates a “credibility dilemma” for states–articulating ambitious emissions reduction targets while also defining national climate plans engenders a need to seek out appropriate policy ideas that can justify overarching goals to international audiences. Insomuch as particular norms are institutionalized and made salient in international politics, a window of opportunity is opened: issue advocates can “activate” norms by demonstrating how related policies can make commitments credible. Using mixed methods, we find support for this argument. We identify contextual factors advancing FFSR in the lead-up to the Paris Agreement, including norm institutionalization in regimes and international organization programs as well as salience-boosting climate diplomacy. Further, we find correspondences between countries targeted by transnational policy advocates and FFSR references in INDCs, building on the momentum in international politics more generally. Though drafting INDCs and NDCs is a government-owned process, the results suggest that understanding their content requires examining international norms alongside domestic circumstances.
Utilization of cellulose and ulvan from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca in the development of composite edible films with natural antioxidant properties
Authors: Gomaa Mohamed , Al-Badaani Arwa A. , Hifney Awatief F. , Adam Mahmoud S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cellulose and ulvan were extracted sequentially from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca and were used for the development of edible films with natural antioxidant properties. The composite films were composed of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol as plasticizer and different ulvan concentrations. The interaction between ulvan and film components was described by FT-IR analysis, which confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonding interactions between cellulose and ulvan. The incorporation of ulvan into the cellulose films markedly increased film thickness, water solubility and water vapor permeability, whereas the oxygen permeability was decreased. Additionally, the composite films showed good barrier properties against UV and visible light. The moisture sorption of the films was modelized using Peleg's model which exhibited a satisfactory fitting to the experimental data. The thermal stability was markedly enhanced in the presence of high concentration of ulvan. Furthermore, the incorporation of ulvan to cellulose films enhanced its antioxidant properties as measured by total antioxidant assay (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) and iron chelating activity (ICA). The use of water and 3% acetic acid as food simulants indicated that the FRAP was higher in case of water, while the opposite trend was observed for the HRSA and ICA. Overall, the developed cellulose/ulvan films could have potential uses in food packaging to promote the shelf-life of different food products.
A Unified Surface Geometric Framework for Feature-Aware Denoising, Hole Filling and Context-Aware Completion
Authors: Calatroni Luca , Huska Martin , Morigi Serena , Recupero Giuseppe Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTechnologies for 3D data acquisition and 3D printing have enormously developed in the past few years, and, consequently, the demand for 3D virtual twins of the original scanned objects has increased. In this context, feature-aware denoising, hole filling and context-aware completion are three essential (but far from trivial) tasks. In this work, they are integrated within a geometric framework and realized through a unified variational model aiming at recovering triangulated surfaces from scanned, damaged and possibly incomplete noisy observations. The underlying non-convex optimization problem incorporates two regularisation terms: a discrete approximation of the Willmore energy forcing local sphericity and suited for the recovery of rounded features, and an approximation of the $$\ell _0$$

ℓ
0

pseudo-norm penalty favouring sparsity in the normal variation. The proposed numerical method solving the model is parameterization-free, avoids expensive implicit volume-based computations and based on the efficient use of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. Experiments show how the proposed framework can provide a robust and elegant solution suited for accurate restorations even in the presence of severe random noise and large damaged areas.
The effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kraiss Jannis , Redelinghuys Kleinjan , Weiss Laura. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe last decades experienced a rapid growth in the number of studies examining the effects of psychological interventions on well-being, yet well-being is often conceptualized and measured in different ways in these studies. Previous meta-analyses included studies with a plethora of different well-being instruments, which provides an ambiguous picture of the effectiveness. Furthermore, prior meta-analyses mainly included specific types of psychological interventions. The goal of the current study was to synthesize the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving well-being as measured with one consistent and comprehensive well-being instrument, the Mental Health Continuum (MHC). The literature was searched for RCTs examining the effect of psychological interventions in both clinical and non-clinical populations that used the MHC as outcome. 46 RCTs (N = 7,618) and 64 comparisons were analyzed using 3-level meta-analysis models. When compared with non-active control groups, small significant effects were found for total well-being at posttest (β = 0.25), and for the subscales emotional (β = 0.27), social (β = 0.25), and psychological well-being (β = 0.30). Effects were smaller but still significant at follow-up. Subgroup analyses yielded significantly stronger effects for guided compared with non-guided interventions and for studies with good quality. Effects were similar for clinical and non-clinical populations and specific types of interventions. Mindfulness and ACT interventions significantly improved well-being. These findings suggest that psychological interventions can improve well-being, and that different interventions have the potential to improve well-being. Effects also seem to be independent of other factors, including delivery mode, format or target group.
A Theory of Frustration and Its Effect
Authors: Peari Sagi , Golestani Zamir R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the key legal questions that COVID-19 has raised relates to the status of the traditional contractual doctrine of frustration. The pandemic and the ongoing lockdowns across the globe have made it difficult for many contracts to perform. At the same time, there is a deep doctrinal and conceptual confusion with respect to the very essentials of this doctrine and its remedy - i.e., what happens after an adjudicative tribunal declares that a given contract has been frustrated. The paper offers a unified conceptual account of the frustration doctrine and claims that both the doctrine and its remedy crystallize a single unifying idea.
Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape ($$E^4$$): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial time
Authors: Bossens David M. , Bishop Nicholas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn reinforcement learning (RL), an agent must explore an initially unknown environment in order to learn a desired behaviour. When RL agents are deployed in real world environments, safety is of primary concern. Constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs) can provide long-term safety constraints; however, the agent may violate the constraints in an effort to explore its environment. This paper proposes a model-based RL algorithm called Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape ($$E^{4}$$

E
4

), which extends the Explicit Explore or Exploit ($$E^{3}$$

E
3

) algorithm to a robust CMDP setting. $$E^4$$

E
4

explicitly separates exploitation, exploration, and escape CMDPs, allowing targeted policies for policy improvement across known states, discovery of unknown states, as well as safe return to known states. $$E^4$$

E
4

robustly optimises these policies on the worst-case CMDP from a set of CMDP models consistent with the empirical observations of the deployment environment. Theoretical results show that $$E^4$$

E
4

finds a near-optimal constraint-satisfying policy in polynomial time whilst satisfying safety constraints throughout the learning process. We then discuss $$E^4$$

E
4

as a practical algorithmic framework, including robust-constrained offline optimisation algorithms, the design of uncertainty sets for the transition dynamics of unknown states, and how to further leverage empirical observations and prior knowledge to relax some of the worst-case assumptions underlying the theory.
A voice-based real-time emotion detection technique using recurrent neural network empowered feature modelling
Authors: Chamishka Sadil , Madhavi Ishara , Nawaratne Rashmika , Alahakoon Damminda , De Silva Daswin , Chilamkurti Naveen , Nanayakkara Vishaka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe advancements of the Internet of Things (IoT) and voice-based multimedia applications have resulted in the generation of big data consisting of patterns, trends and associations capturing and representing many features of human behaviour. The latent representations of many aspects and the basis of human behaviour is naturally embedded within the expression of emotions found in human speech. This signifies the importance of mining audio data collected from human conversations for extracting human emotion. Ability to capture and represent human emotions will be an important feature in next-generation artificial intelligence, with the expectation of closer interaction with humans. Although the textual representations of human conversations have shown promising results for the extraction of emotions, the acoustic feature-based emotion detection from audio still lags behind in terms of accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach for feature extraction consisting of Bag-of-Audio-Words (BoAW) based feature embeddings for conversational audio data. A Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based state-of-the-art emotion detection model is proposed that captures the conversation-context and individual party states when making real-time categorical emotion predictions. The performance of the proposed approach and the model is evaluated using two benchmark datasets along with an empirical evaluation on real-time prediction capability. The proposed approach reported 60.87% weighted accuracy and 60.97% unweighted accuracy for six basic emotions for IEMOCAP dataset, significantly outperforming current state-of-the-art models.
Stochastic Model for High Temperature Oxidation of Cr–Ni Austenitic Steels Assisted by Spallation
Authors: Lekakh Simon N. , Neroslavsky Oleg , Li Mei , Godlevski Larry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCr–Ni austenitic steels offer significant high temperature corrosion protection by forming a surface oxide layer. However, above critical service conditions (temperature, atmosphere, thermal cycling), oxidized surface can experience intensive degradation because of scale spallation, which could be detrimental to the in-service life. To predict the effect of scale spallation on oxidation kinetics, a simulation was implemented using a stochastic model. The model considers topological parameters and intensity of spallation which can occur, while delivering a true oxidation constant. The experimental procedure identified the amount of formed spalled scale and topology of spallation based on the use of element mapping of the surface. This information was used to determine a true kinetic constant for a corresponding spallation intensity in oxidized Cr–Ni austenitic steel. To illustrate the capability of the stochastic model, a parametric analysis was performed. The model verified how the spallation parameters could change the oxidation processes from parabolic growth of an adhered oxide layer without spallation to a mixed linear-parabolic, or with a constant thickness of residual scale at high spallation intensity. The spallation model will be used in a separate article to characterize high temperature surface degradation of several Cr–Ni austenitic steels during harsh oxidation environments.
Variation in abundance, diversity and composition of coral reef fishes with increasing depth at a submerged shoal in the northern Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Scott Molly E. , Tebbett Sterling B. , Whitman Kirsty L. , Thompson Cassandra A. , Mancini Frank B. , Heupel Michelle R. , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoral reef fishes often exhibit specific or restricted depth distributions, but the factors (biotic or abiotic) that influence patterns of depth use are largely unknown. Given inherent biological gradients with depth (i.e. light, nutrients, habitat, temperature), it is expected that fishes may exploit certain depths within their environment to seek out more favourable conditions. This study used baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems to document variation in the taxonomic and functional (trophic and size) structure of a fish assemblage along a shallow to upper-mesophotic depth gradient (13–71 m) at a submerged, offshore shoal in the northern Great Barrier Reef. BRUVs were deployed during two separate time periods (February and August 2017), to separately examine patterns of depth use. Both the relative abundance and diversity of reef fishes declined with depth, and there were pronounced differences in the taxonomic and functional structure of the fish assemblage across the depth gradient. In shallow habitats (< 30 m), the fish assemblage was dominated by herbivores, detritivores, planktivores and sessile invertivores, whereas the fish assemblage in deeper habitats (> 30 m) was dominated by piscivores and mobile invertivores. Depth and habitat type were also strong predictors for important fisheries species such as coral trout (Plectropomus spp.), emperors (Lethrinus spp.) and trevallies (Carangid spp.). We found limited evidence of temporal changes in depth and habitat use by fishes (including fisheries target species), although recorded temperatures were 4 °C higher in February 2017 compared to August 2017.
Activated clotting time in inpatient diagnostic and interventional settings
Authors: Dalton Heidi , Martin Michael , Garcia-Filion Pamela , Shavelle David , Huang Pei-Hsiu , Clark Justin , Beinart Sean , Israel Andrew , Korpi-Steiner Nichole 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonitoring for the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated (UFH) at the point of care using activated clotting time in real time is vital where risk of thrombosis is high. Although monitoring UFH effect is a routine and important task, changing from one ACT instrument type or technology to another must be preceded by a clinical and statistical evaluation to determine the suitability and repeatability and establish normal and treatable ranges of this newer instrument. In this multi-center prospective evaluation we tested 1236 paired ACT+ samples, and 463 paired ACT-LR samples (1699 total) from enrolled study subjects. Clinical settings included CVOR cardiopulmonary bypass, at the beside in extracorporeal life support (ELS), the Cardiac Catheterization Lab (CCL) during diagnostic studies and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), interventional radiology procedures and EP interventions. This study found more consistent clinical performance from the GEM Hemochron 100 as compared to the current clinical model, the Hemochron Signature Elite. The bias of GEM Hemochron 100 for ACT+ and ACT-LR was greatest in the setting of the CVOR where ACT levels were high. ACT-LR measurements by the GEM Hemochron 100 were comparable to the SE when performed in settings of CCL, ECM, EP and ICU. Results obtained for both ACT-LR and ACT+ in all clinical settings in this study using the GEM Hemochron 100 are as accurate and more repeatable as those with the current clinically available Signature Elite.
Urbanisation and land-cover change affect functional, but not compositional turnover of bird communities
Authors: Petersen Tanja K. , Speed James D. M. , Grøtan Vidar , Frøyen Yngve K. , Austrheim Gunnar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand-use and land-cover change strongly affect biodiversity patterns and are assumed to be growing threats in the future. Particularly increasing urbanisation may affect species turnover and functional composition of biological communities. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of land-cover change in a medium-sized urban municipality from 2011 to 2018, and the effects of urbanisation on avian species- and functional diversity. The study was performed in Trondheim (Norway), using local land-cover maps and GBIF bird species occurrence records. GLMMs were used to model species turnover as a function of urbanisation, and the probability of species appearance and disappearance based on urbanisation and species traits. The extent of bird species turnover within a municipality-wide 500 × 500m2grid was not predicted by a changes in developed area, but the probability of disappearance and appearance of bird species varied with urbanisation and bird functional traits. Species associated with urban- or open areas showed a decreasing probability of disappearing and an increasing probability of appearing with increasing amount of developed area within grid cells. Similarly, granivorous species showed a decreasing probability of disappearing. Species feeding above ground-level showed positive responses to changes in land-cover. The probability of both appearance and disappearance, thus species turnover, increased with increasing longevity. Most functional groups respond negatively to increasing urbanisation, indicating a potential impoverishment of local avifauna with future land-cover modifications. Considering planned future land-cover changes within the municipality, the local avian communities are in danger of homogenisation. The recommendations for local management are to minimise conversion of vulnerable habitats, such as wetlands and woodlands, in particular if these are converted to developed area.
Asset-Based, Sustainable Local Economic Development: Using Community Participation to Improve Quality of Life Across Rural, Small-Town, and Urban Communities
Authors: Kammer-Kerwick Matt , Takasaki Kara , Kellison J. Bruce , Sternberg Jeff 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe analyze survey data from 5,487 residents of 85 Texas communities, including rural communities, small towns, medium-sized cities, and the five largest urban centers, to model the influence of the degree of urbanity and rurality of a community as well as residents’ social position, values, and their satisfaction with local assets. The paper’s central argument is that a wide range of factors impact how community members think about their needs and thus should be considered in any community development process. This human-centered approach looks at how community specific factors impact economic and quality-of-life development project preferences in support of adapting community development decision-making processes according to the context of each community. For the sake of parsimony, this paper presents results for three community development project concepts: (1) renovating some downtown buildings as mixed-use facilities with retail shops and apartments, (2) opening a community health center, and (3) deploying gigabit high-speed fiber broadband internet in the downtown area. Our findings specifically highlight areas where participatory processes can be introduced to guide further interactions between experts and community members to (1) identify groups in the community to bring into the process who may be most impacted by the choice of one intervention over another, and (2) target areas where further community discussion and deliberation is necessary around which community dialogues (round tables, town halls, workshops, etc.) could be facilitated.
Contraception and Healthcare Utilization by Reproductive-Age Women Who Use Drugs in Rural Communities: a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Levander Ximena A. , Foot Canyon A. , Magnusson Sara L. , Cook Ryan R. , Ezell Jerel M. , Feinberg Judith , Go Vivian F. , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Salisbury-Afshar Elizabeth , Smith Gordon S. , Westergaard Ryan P. , Young April M. , Tsui Judith I. , Korthuis P. Todd 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Women who use drugs (WWUD) have low rates of contraceptive use and high rates of unintended pregnancy. Drug use is common among women in rural U.S. communities, with limited data on how they utilize reproductive, substance use disorder (SUD), and healthcare services.

Objective
We determined contraceptive use prevalence among WWUD in rural communities then compared estimates to women from similar rural areas. We investigated characteristics of those using contraceptives, and associations between contraceptive use and SUD treatment, healthcare utilization, and substance use.

Design
Rural Opioids Initiative (ROI) — cross-sectional survey using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) involving eight rural U.S. regions (January 2018–March 2020); National Survey on Family Growth (NSFG) — nationally-representative U.S. household reproductive health survey (2017–2019).

Participants
Women aged 18–49 with prior 30-day non-prescribed opioid and/or non-opioid injection drug use; fecundity determined by self-reported survey responses.

Main Measures
Unweighted and RDS-weighted prevalence estimates of medical/procedural contraceptive use; chi-squared tests and multi-level linear regressions to test associations.

Key Results
Of 855 women in the ROI, 36.8% (95% CI 33.7–40.1, unweighted) and 38.6% (95% CI 30.7–47.2, weighted) reported contraceptive use, compared to 66% of rural women in the NSFG sample. Among the ROI women, 27% had received prior 30-day SUD treatment via outpatient counseling or inpatient program and these women had increased odds of contraceptive use (aOR 1.50 [95% CI 1.08–2.06]). There was a positive association between contraception use and recent medications for opioid use disorder (aOR 1.34 [95% CI 0.95–1.88]) and prior 6-month primary care utilization (aOR 1.32 [95% CI 0.96–1.82]) that did not meet the threshold for statistical significance.

Conclusion
WWUD in rural areas reported low contraceptive use; those who recently received SUD treatment had greater odds of contraceptive use. Improvements are needed in expanding reproductive and preventive health within SUD treatment and primary care services in rural communities.