bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein level is positively associated with aortic stiffness in nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Su Hsiao-Yuan , Hsu Bang-Gee , Lin Yu-Li , Wang Chih-Hsien , Lai Yu-Hsien 
Published: July 2022

Aortic stiffness (AS) is a major predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is a novel adipokine that is positively correlated with AS in the general population. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between serum A-FABP levels and AS in nondialysis CKD patients.Fasting blood samples and baseline characteristics were obtained in 270 patients with nondialysis CKD. Serum A-FABP concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurements were acquired using a validated tonometry system. Patients with cfPWV >10 m/s formed the AS group, while those with values ≤10 m/s comprised the comparison group.Among 270 CKD patients, 92 patients (34.1%) were in the AS group. Compared to those in the comparison group, patients in the AS group were older (P< .001), had a higher prevalence of diabetes, along with higher serum A-FABP level (P< .001), larger waist circumference (P= .004), and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P= .001) but higher levels of body fat mass (P= .010), systolic blood pressure (P< .001), fasting glucose (P= .014), blood urea nitrogen (P= .009), and serum creatinine (P= .004). The serum log-A-FABP level was positively associated with log-cfPWV (β = 0.178,P= .001) in nondialysis CKD patients and multivariable logistic regression analysis identified serum A-FABP (P= .006), age (P= .001), and systolic blood pressure (P= .015) as independent predictors of AS in nondialysis-dependent CKD patients.Elevated A-FABP levels may be a significant predictor of AS in nondialysis CKD patients.
Effect of buttonhole cannulation versus rope-ladder cannulation in hemodialysis patients with vascular access: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized/clinical controlled trials
Authors: Wang Li-Ping , Tsai Li-Hwa , Huang Hisang-Yun , Okoli Chizimuzo , Guo Su-Er 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Safe and effective arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture techniques must be used to reduce harm to hemodialysis patients. The relative benefits of buttonhole (BH) cannulation over those of rope ladder (RL) cannulation for AVF remain unclear and inconsistent.

Methods:
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in June 2020 in multiple scientific databases including Cochrane library, CINAHL, PubMed/ Medline, Airiti Library, National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan, Google scholar, Embase, and ProQuest. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) that explored the efficacy of BH cannulation in hemodialysis patients. These included reports published in either English or Chinese that enrolled adults aged 18 years or older who underwent hemodialysis using an autogenous AVF. Studies that showed poor design, such as use of a self-control group or no control group, were excluded from analysis. The critical appraisal skills program checklist for RCTs were used to assess the quality of the evidence and RevMan software were used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results:
Fifteen studies (11 RCTs and 4 CCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were used for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that BH cannulation significantly reduced aneurysm formation (RR = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.1, 0.32]), stenosis (RR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.25, 0.77]), thrombosis formation (RR = 0.4, 95% CI [0.2, 0.8]), and hematoma (RR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.40, 0.99]) and showed no differences in AVR infection (≦6 months, RR = 2.17, 95% CI [0.76, 6.23]; >6 months, RR = 2.7, 95% CI [0.92, 7.92]) compared to RL cannulation.

Conclusions:
Given the benefits of BH, this meta-analysis found that BH cannulation should be recommended as a routine procedure for hemodialysis but that hospitals and hemodialysis clinics should strengthen staff knowledge and skills of BH cannulation to reduce the risk of AVF infection.
Clinical application of gastrointestinal decompression in anastomotic fistula after McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Lu Yanhong , Ren Zixue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCervical anastomotic fistula is one of the most common complications after McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, leading to septic shock and even death. It is therefore very important to provide effective symptom management after diagnosis of anastomotic fistula. Placing the gastrointestinal decompression tube beside the anastomotic site and connecting the tube to a gastrointestinal decompression disk could support the prevention and treatment of anastomotic fistula after surgical treatment of esophageal cancer.
Thirty-eight patients with anastomotic fistula after undergoing McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in our hospital from April 2017 to January 2021 were divided equally into control and observation groups according to the gastrointestinal decompression method used. Gastrointestinal decompression tubes were placed 45 to 50 cm from the incisors in the control group or 25 to 30 cm from the incisors in the observation group. The treatment efficacy was compared between the 2 groups.
The drainage time, length of hospital stay after anastomotic fistula detection, and fistula healing time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < .05 for all).
Placing the gastrointestinal decompression tube connected to a gastrointestinal decompression disk next to the anastomotic site is a simple procedure and may significantly improve the drainage time, length of hospital stay, and fistula healing time of patients who develop anastomotic fistula resulting from McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Evaluation Methods in Community Microgrant Programs for Health Promotion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Conlin Michèle P. , McLaren Dorothy , MacDermott Sean , Spelten Evelien 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Evaluating community-based health promotion programs is an essential aspect of public health programming to ensure evidence-based practices, justify limited resource allocation, and share knowledge about promising strategies. Community microgrant schemes represent a viable strategy to strengthen local health promotion, yet limited guidance exists surrounding the evaluation of such programs.

Objective:
This research aimed to map methods used in evaluating community microgrants programs for health promotion.

Design:
A scoping review in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.

Eligibility Criteria:
Peer-reviewed academic and gray literature, which evaluated processes and/or outcomes of nonprescriptive community-based microgrant program for health promotion in high-income countries.

Study Selection:
Literature was identified through MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases, Google and DuckDuckGo browsers, and hand-searching key reference lists. Articles were screened by title, abstract, and then full-text.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Review findings were mapped according to included sources' evaluation methodologies.

Results:
Eighteen academic publications describing 14 microgrant programs met the inclusion criteria. These spanned the years 1996 to 2020 and were located across 5 countries. Evaluation methods were very similar in terms of design (mixed-methods case studies) and focus (both processes and outcomes) and yet varied widely with regard to measurements and data collection. Few made explicit the use of an evaluation framework, chose to involve stakeholders in the evaluation process, or discussed application and dissemination of evaluation findings.

Discussion:
Community-based microgrant programs for health promotion are a promising model in diverse settings and with various health priorities and targets, yet robust evaluations of their implementation and effectiveness are lacking. The review highlights the need to further develop and support evaluation practices in public health, even in small-scale programs with limited budgets.
Readying the Applied Epidemiology Workforce for Emerging Areas of Public Health Practice
Authors: Daly Elizabeth R. , Arrazola Jessica , Umble Karl 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Epidemiologists are key professionals within the public health workforce. As the role of public health agencies changes over time, epidemiologists will need to adapt and develop new skill sets to work in emerging areas of (public health) practice (EAoPs), which are areas of practice that are new or are growing in interest and use.

Objective:
This mixed-methods research study sought to explore the role and readiness of state health department epidemiologists in the United States to work in EAoPs.

Design:
Three phases of data collection and analysis were conducted including secondary analysis of the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, a survey of the designated state epidemiologist in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and focus groups with early-, mid-, and senior-career epidemiologists working in state health departments.

Setting:
Fifty state health departments and the District of Columbia.

Participants:
Epidemiologists working in state health departments.

Main Outcome Measures:
Identification of EAoPs relevant to epidemiologists, the role of epidemiologists in these EAoPs, and readiness of epidemiologists to work in EAoPs.

Results:
Participant state health department epidemiologists indicated that the studied EAoPs were important to their work and that epidemiologists have some role in them. Key facilitators identified to working in EAoPs included supportive organizational strategy and leadership, dedicated time for training and work, cross-training across programs, and the development of crosscutting skills.

Conclusions:
There is much opportunity for epidemiologists to be more engaged in current EAoPs. Not only can epidemiologists supply relevant data but they can also bring skills and expertise to help improve the overall success of population health improvement work. Workforce development strategies should be implemented to ensure a nimble epidemiology workforce that can readily adapt to the needs of future public health practice.
Postacute sequelae and adaptive immune responses in people with HIV recovering from SARS-COV-2 infection
Authors: Peluso Michael J. , Spinelli Matthew A. , Deveau Tyler-Marie , Forman Carrie A. , Munter Sadie E. , Mathur Sujata , Tang Alex F. , Lu Scott , Goldberg Sarah A. , Arreguin Mireya I. , Hoh Rebecca , Tai Viva , Chen Jessica Y. , Martinez Enrique O. , Yee Brandon C. , Chenna Ahmed , Winslow John W. , Petropoulos Christos J. , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniella , Kumar Nitasha , Lynch Kara L. , Hunt Peter W. , Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Hsue Priscilla Y. , Kelly J. Daniel , Martin Jeffrey N. , Glidden David V. , Gandhi Monica , Deeks Steven G. , Rutishauser Rachel L. , Henrich Timothy J. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Limited data are available on the long-term clinical and immunologic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with HIV (PWH).

Methods:
We measured SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular responses in people with and without HIV recovering from COVID-19 (n = 39 and n = 43, respectively) using binding antibody, surrogate virus neutralization, intracellular cytokine staining, and inflammatory marker assays. We identified individuals experiencing postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) and evaluated immunologic parameters. We used linear regression and generalized linear models to examine differences by HIV status in the magnitude of inflammatory and virus-specific antibody and T-cell responses, as well as differences in the prevalence of PASC.

Results:
Among PWH, we found broadly similar SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses as compared with a well matched group of HIV-negative individuals. PWH had 70% lower relative levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8+ T cells (P = 0.007) and 53% higher relative levels of PD-1+ SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells (P = 0.007). Higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio was associated with lower PD-1 expression on SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells (0.34-fold effect, P = 0.02). HIV status was strongly associated with PASC (odds ratio 4.01, P = 0.008), and levels of certain inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IP-10) were associated with persistent symptoms.

Conclusion:
We identified potentially important differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PWH and HIV-negative participants that might have implications for long-term immunity conferred by natural infection. HIV status strongly predicted the presence of PASC. Larger and more detailed studies of PASC in PWH are urgently needed.
Cerebellar Metastasis From Thyroid Carcinoma With Prominent 123I Uptake But Less Impressive MRI Findings in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Gupta Neetika , Fleury Anilawan , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma in childhood frequently presents with locoregional lymph node metastases. The distant metastases often involve lungs and the bone, whereas brain metastasis is rare. We report a case of classic variant–papillary thyroid carcinoma with right cerebellar metastasis in a 7-year-old girl on a 123I SPECT/CT study. A brain MRI on the same day shows a tiny millimetric enhancing nodule in the right cerebellum with no perceivable perilesional edema, confirming the 123I scan findings.
Perforation and Fistula of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Patients With Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Timmerhuis Hester C. , van Dijk Sven M. , Hollemans Robbert A. , Umans Devica S. , Sperna Weiland Christina J. , Besselink Marc G. , Bouwense Stefan A.W. , Bruno Marco J. , van Duijvendijk Peter , van Eijck Casper H.J. , Issa Yama , Mieog J. Sven D. , Molenaar I. Quintus , Stommel Martijn W.J. , Bollen Thomas L. , Voermans Rogier P. , Verdonk Robert C. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore the incidence, risk factors, clinical course and treatment of perforation and fistula of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a large unselected cohort of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.

Background:
Perforation and fistula of the GI tract may occur in necrotizing pancreatitis. Data from large unselected patient populations on the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and treatment are lacking.

Methods:
We performed a post hoc analysis of a nationwide prospective database of 896 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. GI tract perforation and fistula were defined as spontaneous or iatrogenic discontinuation of the GI wall. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore risk factors and to adjust for confounders to explore associations of the GI tract perforation and fistula on the clinical course.

Results:
A perforation or fistula of the GI tract was identified in 139 (16%) patients, located in the stomach in 23 (14%), duodenum in 56 (35%), jejunum or ileum in 18 (11%), and colon in 64 (40%). Risk factors were high C-reactive protein within 48 hours after admission [odds ratio (OR): 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.39] and early organ failure (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.78–4.29). Prior invasive intervention was a risk factor for developing a perforation or fistula of the lower GI tract (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.04–6.60). While perforation or fistula of the upper GI tract appeared to be protective for persistent intensive care unit-admission (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.44) and persistent organ failure (OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02–0.58), perforation or fistula of the lower GI tract was associated with a higher rate of new onset organ failure (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.23–4.84). When the stomach or duodenum was affected, treatment was mostly conservative (n=54, 68%). Treatment was mostly surgical when the colon was affected (n=38, 59%).

Conclusions:
Perforation and fistula of the GI tract occurred in one out of six patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Risk factors were high C-reactive protein within 48 hours and early organ failure. Prior intervention was identified as a risk factor for perforation or fistula of the lower GI tract. The clinical course was mostly affected by involvement of the lower GI tract.
Ten-Year Survival and Recurrence Patterns After Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Squamous Cell and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Altorki Nasser , Mynard Nathan , Nasar Abu , Spinelli Cathy , Villena-Vargas Jonathan , Chow Oliver , Lee Benjamin , Harrison Sebron , Port Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The aim was to determine the prevalence of metastases to the cervical and recurrent laryngeal cervicothoracic (CT) nodes as well as survival and recurrence patterns after esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection (TFD) in patients with predominately adenocarcinoma (AC) of the esophagus.

Background:
Although esophagectomy with TFD is commonly practiced in Japan and Southeast Asia for squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the esophagus, there are only a handful of reports about its’ utilization and survival benefit in North American patients.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of patients who had an esophagectomy with TFD. The primary outcomes of interest were the prevalence of nodal metastases to the CT nodes as well as overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes included time to recurrence, recurrence patterns, operative morbidity as well as 30 and 90-day mortality.

Results:
Two hundred forty-two patients with esophageal cancer (AC: 67%) underwent esophagectomy with TFD. Metastases to the CT nodes were present in 56 patients (23%: AC 20% and SCC 30%). Positive CT nodes were present in 14% of pT1/T2 tumors and 30% of pT3 tumors. For the 56 patients with CT positive nodes, 5-year OS was 25% (AC:16%; SCC:39%). Fifteen of 56 (26.7%) patients with metastases to the CT nodes were alive and disease-free at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. Ten-year OS was 43% for all patients with SCC and 28% for patients with AC.

Conclusions:
Metastases to the CT nodes are common in both SCC and AC of the esophagus and may be present in at least 14% of early lesions. Five-year survival is encouraging particularly for patients with esophageal SCC cancer.
Clinical case study meets population cohort: Identification of a BRCA1 pathogenic founder variant in Orcadians
Authors: Kerr Shona M. , Cowan Emma , Klaric Lucija , Bell Christine , O’Sullivan Dawn , Buchanan David , Grzymski Joseph J. , Center Regeneron Genetics , van Hout Cristopher V. , Tzoneva Gannie , Shuldiner Alan R. , Wilson James F. , Miedzybrodzka Zosia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe BRCA1 pathogenic missense variant c.5207T>C; p.Val1736Ala (V1736A) was multiply ascertained in the clinical investigation of breast and ovarian cancer families from Orkney in the Northern Isles of Scotland, UK. Oral history and birth, marriage and death registrations indicated genealogical linkage of the clinical cases to ancestors from the Isle of Westray, Orkney. Further clinical cases were identified through targeted testing for V1736A in women of Orcadian ancestry attending National Health Service (NHS) genetic clinics for breast and ovarian cancer family risk assessments. Fourteen mutation carriers were identified from predictive tests in relatives of affected members of the index kindred, nine more from NHS diagnostic testing plus a further six obligate carrier females. The variant segregates with female breast and ovarian cancer in clinically ascertained cases. Separately, exome sequence data from 2,090 volunteer participants with three or more Orcadian grandparents, in the ORCADES research cohort, was interrogated to estimate the population prevalence of V1736A in Orcadians. The effects of the variant were assessed using Electronic Health Record (EHR) linkage. Twenty out of 2,090 ORCADES research volunteers (∼1%) carry V1736A, with a common haplotype around the variant. This allele frequency is ∼480-fold higher than in UK Biobank participants. Cost-effectiveness of population screening for a single BRCA1 founder mutation has been demonstrated at a carrier frequency below the ∼1% observed here. Thus we suggest that Orcadian women should be offered testing for the BRCA1 V1736A founder mutation, starting with those with ancestry from Westray.
The Potential Clinical Impact of Implementing Different COVID-19 Boosters in Fall 2022 in the United States
Authors: Kohli Michele A. , Maschio Michael , Lee Amy , Fust Kelly , Van de Velde Nicolas , Buck Philip O. , Weinstein Milton C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveEmerging SARS-COV-2 variants are spurring the development of adapted vaccines as public health authorities plan for the fall vaccination strategy. We aimed to estimate the number of infections and hospitalizations prevented by three potential booster strategies in those ≥18 years of age in the United States: Boosting with Moderna’s licensed first generation monovalent vaccine mRNA-1273 (ancestral strain) starting in September 2022, boosting with Moderna’s candidate bivalent vaccine mRNA-1273.214 (ancestral + BA.1 variant of concern [VOC]) starting in September 2022, or boosting with Moderna’s updated candidate bivalent vaccine mRNA-1273.222 (ancestral + BA.4/5 VOC) starting 2 months later in November 2022 due to longer development timeline.MethodsAn age-stratified, transmission dynamic, Susceptible-Exposed-Infection-Recovered (SEIR) model, adapted from previous literature, was used to estimate the number of infections over time; the model contains compartments defined by both SEIR status and vaccination status. A decision tree was subsequently used to estimate the clinical consequences of those infections. Calibration was performed so the model tracks the actual course of the pandemic up to the present time.ResultsVaccinating with mRNA-1273(Sept), mRNA-1273.214(Sept), and mRNA-1273.222(Nov) is predicted to reduce infections by 34%, 40%, and 18%, respectively, over a 6-month time horizon (September-February) compared to no booster. Similarly, boosting in September prevents substantially more hospitalizations than starting to boost in November with a more effective vaccine (42%, 48%, and 25% for mRNA-1273, mRNA-1273.214, and mRNA-1273.222, respectively, at 6 months compared to no booster). Sensitivity analyses around transmissibility, vaccine coverage, masking, and waning of natural and vaccine-induced immunity changed the magnitude of cases prevented but boosting with mRNA-1273.214 in September consistently prevented more cases of infection and hospitalization than the other two strategies.Limitations and ConclusionsWith the emergence of new variants, key characteristics of the virus that affect estimates of spread and clinical impact also evolve, making estimation of these parameters difficult, especially in heterogeneous populations. Our analysis demonstrated that vaccinating with the bivalent mRNA-1273.214 booster was more effective over a 6-month period in preventing infections and hospitalizations with a BA.4/5 subvariant than the tailored vaccine, simply because it could be deployed 2 months earlier. We conclude that there is no advantage to delay boosting until a BA.4/5 vaccine is available; earlier boosting with mRNA-1273.214 will prevent the most infections and hospitalizations.