bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A strategy for evaluating antiviral resistance: Application to small molecule drugs/inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sargsyan Karen , Mazmanian Karine , Lim Carmay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alterations in viral fitness cannot be inferred from only mutagenesis studies of an isolated viral protein. To-date, no systematic analysis has been performed to identify mutations that improve virus fitness and reduce drug efficacy. We present a generic strategy to evaluate which viral mutations will diminish drug efficacy and applied it to assess how SARS-CoV-2 evolution may affect the efficacy of current approved/candidate small-molecule antivirals for Mpro, PLpro, and RdRp. For each drug target, we determined the drug-interacting virus residues from available structures and the selection pressure of the virus residues from the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. This enabled the identification of promising drug target regions and small-molecule antivirals that the virus can develop resistance. Our strategy of utilizing sequence and structural information from genomic sequence and protein structure databanks can rapidly assess the fitness of any emerging virus variants and can aid antiviral drug design for future pathogens.
A mathematical model for chemotactic endothelial cell migration through a fibrin-based extracellular matrix
Authors: Ferre-Torres Josep , Noguera-Monteagudo Adria , Lopez-Canosa Adrian , Romero-Arias J. Roberto , Barrio Rafael , Castaño Oscar , Hernandez-Machado Aurora 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Migration is a fundamental cellular behaviour that plays an essential role in vascular development and angiogenesis. Due to its relevance to many aspects of human health, the ability to accurately reproduce cell migration is of broad and multidisciplinary interest. This work presents a model to reproduce a microfluidic assay in which endothelial cells chemotactically migrate into a fibrin-based porous hydrogel. Endothelial cells emanate from a parent vessel through the extracellular matrix towards the increasing chemotactic factor concentration. We couple into the same parameter the extracellular matrix and the chemotactic factor distribution. We focus our efforts on modelling sprouting dynamics and morphology, providing a new framework to understand cell migration and the influence of the extracellular matrix. The model naturally describes chemotactic cell behaviour in response to the extracellular matrix structure. We further extend our model to allow extracellular matrix sensing and degradation. We validated the model based on a hybrid in silico-experimental approach by comparing it against the experimental results obtained in the microfluidic assay. Together, our findings highlight the nontrivial role of the extracellular matrix structure in angiogenic sprouting and offer an approach to predicting the effect of the extracellular matrix.
Palynostratigraphy of the Paleocene-Eocene Shallow marine petroleum source rock sections, outcropping in Missole, Nkapa Formation, Douala/Kribi- Campo Basin, Cameroon
Authors: Njoh Olivier Anoh , Sama Naomi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Palynological content and organic petrography of some fine grained, dark-gray to black sedimentary sections, exposed in Missole, Douala/Kribi-Campo Basin, were studied, to determine the age, reconstruct their paleo-depositional environments and characterize the organic matter type of these potential petroleum source rocks. Standard laboratory methods to recover dispersed organic matter and palynomorphs, transmitted light microscopy for thin-sections and strew mounts, were performed on fractions of each sample collected. Palynological analysis, revealed a Paleocene-Eocene assemblage of palynomorphs, dominated by sporomorphs of land plant derivatives in association with dinoflagellates cysts and foraminifera linings of marine origin, indicative of a nearshore/shallow marine paleo-depositional environment, with a greater influx of continental debris. The organic matter revealed Kerogen Types-II, III and IV, confirming an admixture of sapropelic and humic organic matters, deposited in a nearshore/shallow marine environment. The Kerogen types supported the reconstruction of the depositional environment, and revealed that the rocks contain good quality organic matter which if under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, will or could have produced oil/gas. As part of an on-going research project to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of this onshore part of the basin, the present work aims at providing a quick and firsthand data, required in the current search for the basin’s petroleum resources.
Design, synthesis, characterization and biomimetic evaluation of novel chrysin derivatives of copper(II) complexes as medicinal purpose
Authors: Bonpandi Ebenezer , Kandasamy Nagashri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
In the present investigations, a novel series of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) derivatives were prepared using Mannich base approach. Copper complexes of molecular formulae, [Cu-L(OAc)(H2O)] where Cu-a to Cu-h represents Schiff base ligands [by the condensation of chrysin with aliphatic / aromatic / heterocyclic amines], have been prepared.
Methods
Synthesis copper complexes were characterized using analytical and spectral techniques. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were tested against the bacterial species and fungal species. Antioxidant activities and SOD effect of the copper complexes have also been studied. The DNA binding and DNA cleavage activity of copper complexes were studied. The screened for in vitro anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cells (HeLa and MCF-7). The effective complexes was subjected to anti-mycobacterial activity using MABA method and summarized. The Cholinesterase inhibitory activity (AChE and BuChE) of ligand was screened using modified Ellman’s method. The α-glucosidase inhibition activity was also carried out for the prepared copper complexex. In addition, CAT activity and lipophilic behaviour were also assessed.
Conclusion
The prepared compound exhibited strong anti-proliferative efficacies may be mimics the natural chrysin derivatives. The utmost promising structural lead molecules in particular the chrysin derivatives Cu-g and Cu-h, will be screened for their anti-proliferative activities against a broader range of cancer cell lines and may be potent molecule for anticancer agents.
Standard Quantification, Detection and Genetic Characterization of Small Ruminant Morbillivirus (SRM) in Iran
Authors: Babaoglu Ali Riza , Mahzounieh Mohammadreza , Dagalp Seval Bilge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the construction of a standard reference plasmid, molecular detection, and circulation of Peste des Petits Ruminant Virus (PPRV) was performed in Iran. All 341 specimens have been tested by RT-real time-qPCR, and the positivity rate of 29,91% was detected for PPRV. Sequence analysis of sixteen samples from different provinces at nucleotide homology showed that 96,8-100% between them, 97,6-100% for reference isolate Turkey00, and 88,2–89% for Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain. In the secondary protein structure of the approximately 80 amino acid region of the nucleoprotein was similar for all PPRVs of Iranian origin except for two viruses. In the phylogenetic tree, PPRVs circulating in Iran belong to lineage IV as previously found in Iran.
Second Primary Cancer Occurrence after Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zahedi Mohammad , Yousefi Mohammad , Nasirzadeh Amirreza , Mortazavi Parham , Ghaheremani Sulmaz , Heydari Keyvan , Sheidaei Fateme , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. There is evidence of an increased risk of developing a second primary colorectal cancer in CRC patients.
Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a pooled relative risk of second primary cancer after colorectal cancer (SPCAC) in CRC patients based on available evidence.
Data
Sources: Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for English cohort studies that reported standard incidence ratio (SIR) of SPCAC up to 10 Aug 2020. Heterogeneity across included studies was determined using the I2 statistic. We used the random‑effect models for pooled Standard Incidence Ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Study Selection
: Studies included if they met the following criteria: original studies with cohort design in the English language; studies that investigated and reported the SIR of second primary cancer after colorectal, colon, and rectum cancer.
Main Outcome Measures
: The pooled SIR of SPCAC based on the primary site of cancer was measured.
Results
Through 30 extracted papers, 142429 confirmed SPCAC adult patients (more than 19 years old) were included in this meta-analysis. The SIR of SPCAC was 1.27 (95% CI 1.16–1.37) and was reported by 12 studies. The SIR of SPCAC for digestive, reproductive, and urinary organ’s involvement was 1.31 (95% CI 0.89–1.72), 1.45 (95% CI 0.99–1.90), and 1.27 (95% CI 1.10–1.45), respectively.
Limitations
: Unavailable confounding characteristics such as smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, food, and lifestyle, may restrict the findings.
Conclusions
Colorectal cancer survivors (CCSs) are more vulnerable to SPCAC of the small intestine and endometrium. The result of this study might be helpful for both clinicians and policymakers. Further investigations on etiologic factors for prevention and early diagnosis of SPCAC are suggested.
High-efficiency near-infrared optical parametric amplifier for intense, narrowband THz pulses tunable in the 4 to 19 THz region
Authors: Seo Meenkyo , Mun Je-Hoi , Heo Jaeuk , Kim Dong Eon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dynamic control of material properties using strong-field, narrowband THz sources has drawn attention because it allows selective manipulation of quantum states on demand by coherent excitation of specific low-energy modes in solids. Yet, the lack of powerful narrowband lasers with frequencies in the range of a few to a few tens of THz has restricted the exploration of hidden states in condensed matter. Here, we report the optimization of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and the efficient generation of a strong, narrowband THz field. The OPA has a total conversion efficiency of > 55%, which is the highest value reported to date, with an excellent energy-stability of 0.7% RMS over 3 hours. We found that the injection of a high-energy signal beam to a power amplification stage in an OPA leads to high-efficiency and a super-Gaussian profile. By difference-frequency generation of two chirped OPA signal pulses in an organic nonlinear crystal, we obtained a THz pulse with an energy of 3.2 µJ, a bandwidth of 0.5 THz, and a pulse duration of 860 fs tunable between the 4 and 19 THz regions. This corresponds to an internal THz conversion efficiency of 0.4% and a THz field strength of 6.7 MV/cm. This approach demonstrates an effective way to generate narrow-bandwidth, intense THz fields.
A Team-Based Learning Approach to Reimbursement and Billing Education for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Turner Anisha , Haddock Alison , Andrabi Sara , Bicette Richina D. , Tran Theresa , Dark Cedric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: We developed a curriculum to improve resident knowledge and comfort in charting and coding during emergency medicine (EM) encounters. Our tool kit includes simulated charts and assessments in a team-based learning (TBL) format. Settings: The curriculum was delivered at one an academic institution’s emergency medicine program. Participants: Thirty-one residents and 18 faculty and APP learners attended the TBL reimbursement workshop. Primary and secondary measures: Learners perceived knowledge and comfort in charting and coding
Results: The response to the TBL exercise was overwhelmingly positive, with an increase in learner’s comfort with understanding and placing the 6 different evaluation and management Current Procedural Terminology codes commonly used in EM significantly increasing. The learners also had a significant increase in distinguishing between new (e.g., alternative payment systems) and older (e.g., fee-for-service) payment systems had a significant 30-point increase (p<0.001).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that TBL can successfully be used as part of EM residency curriculum to teach charting and coding skills. Our TBL exercise demonstrated significant gains in self-rated knowledge for the three learning objectives pertaining to EM reimbursement.
Invasion pattern of Aedes aegypti in the native range of Ae. albopictus in Vietnam revealed by biogeographic and population genetic analysis
Authors: Duong Cuong Van , Kang Ji Hyoun , Nguyen Vinh Van , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since its introduction to Asia, Aedes aegypti has coexisted with the native species Ae. albopictus and has been reported to transmit many infectious diseases. However, the development of efficient disease prevention and vector control is hindered by the relatively poor understanding Ae. aegypti biogeography and genetic diversity in the region. Accordingly, the aims of the present study were to investigate the spatial distribution and relative abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in different climatic regions (northern temperate and southern tropical) and habitats (domestic, peri-domestic, and natural) and to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Ae. aegypti populations in Vietnam using mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Although both Aedes species were observed in most of the study areas, only Ae. albopictus thrived in the northern mountainous areas, and in areas harboring both species, individual abundance of the species was influenced by climate and habitat. For example, the availability of domestic containers facilitated the dominance of Ae. aegypti, whereas temperate climate and natural breeding sites facilitated the dominance of Ae. albopictus. In addition, many genetic polymorphisms were detected in the Ae. aegypti populations, which formed two main genetic groups, and Ae. aegypti abundance seemed to be affected more by interspecific competition and/or climate than genetic diversity. These findings provide insights into the invasion mechanisms and patterns of Ae. aegypti, which depend on the climate and reproductive strategies in the native range of Ae. albopictus in Asia.
Effects of Brain Computer Interface-Robot System on upper limb function recovery in stroke patients: A Protocol Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Lingyu , Feng Liang , Wang weizhen , Jin Minxia , Qu Xueying , Zhang Linguo , Zhang Qiuzhen , Jin Lingjing , Jin Lingjing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background /ObjectiveWe developed a Brain Computer Interface(BCI) robot system for movement recovery of upper limb motor function in post-stroke patients with severe hemiplegia. We designed and performed a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) to explore our hypothesis that motor functional recovery using this BCI robot system could be improved in a greater level in severe hemiparesis compared to that of hand robot rehabilitation. And we also focus on the neuroplastic changes between the primary motor cortices(M1) and frontal cortices before and after BCI intervention.Methods We will conduct a single blind, parallel-group trial and recruit subacute or chronic poststroke patients with severe hemiparesis more than 90 days after onset (N=50). Participants are randomly allocated to 2 intervention groups(1:1)by a computer-generated assignment: the BCI-assisted hand robot training(the BCI group,BG,n=25) and a hand robot training not supported by BCI(the robot group,RG, n=25).Both interventions will be delivered 5 sessions per-week for totally 4 weeks as add-on therapies to conventional rehabilitation. Motor functions of the paretic hands will be measured at 4 points: pre- (baseline), mid-(after 10 sessions), post-(after 20 sessions) and one month follow-up(4 weeks after the intervention).All investigators assessing outcomes will be masked to treatment assignment. Improvement in Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) will be used as the primary outcome,while Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), its wrist and hand（FMA-WH）sub-score and its shoulder and elbow (FMA-SE) sub-score will be served as secondary outcome measures. Neuroplastic changes will be measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline and one-month follow up after 20 sessions BCI training. Pearson correlation analysis is used to evaluate functional connectivity(FC) across time points.Discussion We expect the BCI-based rewarding of hand robot practice to promote the motor recovery in upper limb motor outcome and also, this clinical improvement to be sustained by a long-lasting neuroplasticity changes promote by the BCI-based intervention.Recruitment started in June 2021. This trial is currently in the data correcting phase. This RCT is expected to be completed by June 30, 2023.Trial registration: Name of registry: Study on the Mechanism of Hand Motor Function Rehabilitation after Stroke. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100046301; registration date on www.chictr.org.cn: May, 12/2021.
Solution to the steady, wave-free, fully nonlinear, free surface flow of an incompressible fluid over a topography by Legendre polynomial expansion
Authors: Abdelrahman N. S. , Ghaleb A. F. , Abou-Dina M. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new semi-analytical approach relying on Legendre finite expansions of the free surface elevation and boundary collocation is proposed to solve the fully nonlinear two-dimensional, steady free-surface wave-free gravity flow in an infinite channel with topography. The fluid is inviscid with constant density and the flow is irrotational. The unknown coefficients of the expansions are determined straightforward by solving a nonlinear system of algebraic equations using computer package. Two types of solutions are considered according to the upstream and downstream values of Froude number. Results are plotted for two shapes of the bottom topography. The results and the limitations of the method are discussed. These may be of interest in designing drag-free bottom flows.
PCSK9 promotes osteogenic differentiation via ERK pathway and has no effect on osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Zhou Chengwei , Dai Chengxin , Wang Kanbin , Xu Jianxiang , Hang Kai , Wang Yibo , Li Lijun , Wang Zhongxiang , Bai Jinwu , Zhang Weijun , Xue Deting , Pan Zhijun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that PCSK9 was constitutively expressed in osteoclast precursors and played an important role in bone metabolism in periodontitis disease. But the function of PCSK9 in the osteogenesis of hBMSCs and specific mechanism still remains unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the function and mechanism of PCSK9 on regulating osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation.Methods: The osteogenic effects of endogenous and exogenous PCSK9 on hBMSCs were performed, the effect on osteoclastic differentiation of mBMM too. A CCK-8 was used to assess the effect of PCSK9 on the proliferation of hBMSCs. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were conducted to determine the expression of target genes and proteins. ALP, ARS staining were used to evaluate osteoblasts, the trap staining was used to evaluate osteoclasts. In vivo experiment, we constructed a femoral bone defect model, and injected Adeno associated virus at defect site. Radiographic analysis and histological evaluation were conducted to evaluate the union effect of PCSK9 at bone defect site. Student’s t test was used between two groups, one-way ANOVA or Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was used more than two groups, depending on the distribution of the tested population.Result: In vitro experiment, low dose exogenous and overexpress endogenous PCSK9 could enhance hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation via ERK signaling pathway, and knockdown PCSK9 would reduce this influence. The promoting effect could be weaken by ERK inhibitor PD98059 with an appropriate concentration. All of which was confirmed by q-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence outcome. Besides, the ALP staining, ARS staining results prove that it could raise ALP activity and mineral deposits formation. But low dose PCSK9 has no obvious effect on osteoclastic differentiation. In vivo experiment, the radiographic, histological result prove overexpress PCSK9 could accelerate bone defect union. Conclusion: In summarize, PCSK9 could promote osteogenic differentiation via ERK pathway and has no effect on osteoclast differentiation. The vivo and vitro experiments outcomes indicate that it may be a novel target for treating bone defect union.
Improving Byzantine Fault Tolerance in Swarm Robotics Collective Decision-Making Scenario via a New Blockchain Consensus Algorithm
Authors: Krishnamohan Theviyanthan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Swarm robotics applies concepts of swarm intelligence to robotics. Discrete consensus achievement is one of the major behaviors found in swarm robotics. Various algorithms have been developed for discrete consensus achievement. However, existing discrete consensus achievement algorithms are vulnerable to Byzantine robots. Blockchain has been successfully used to mitigate the negative effect of Byzantine robots. Nevertheless, since the blockchain solution uses the Proof-of-Work blockchain consensus algorithm, it is vulnerable to the 51% attack. Besides, the swarm also takes longer to achieve consensus. This research proposes a novel blockchain consensus algorithm called Proof-of-Identity—which uses a private-public key pair and a swarm controller—to create a dynamically permissioned blockchain that would negate the 51%-attack problem associated with the Proof-of-Work algorithm while also reducing the consensus time. This proposed solution was tested against the classical solution and the existing blockchain solution using the collective perception scenario. Test results show that the Proof-of-Identity algorithm prevents the 51%-attack problem while improving the consensus time in comparison to the existing blockchain solution without affecting the exit probability.