bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of ROX and Modified ROX index with High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen therapy in COVID-19 patients: An observational, pilot study
Authors: Ka Habib Md Reazaul , Bharadwaj Abhishek , Mujahid Omer Mohammed , Borthakur Manas Pratim , Panda Chinmaya Kumar , Kalbande Jitendra V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and aim: Delayed intubation and mechanical ventilation are associated with poor outcomes. High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is increasingly used with variable success, including COVID-19. Early failure detection is crucial; ROX and modified ROX (mROX) index have been proposed. The present study evaluated the utility and relationship of ROX and mROX indexes in COVID-19 patients started on HFNC oxygen therapy.Methods: the present, prospective, observational pilot study collected data from adult COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care with acute respiratory failure and requiring HFNC oxygenation from 29 Jan - 29 Jun 2021. Clinico-demographic data related to ROX and mROX was collected and calculated. The patients were divided into two cohorts based on the HFNC therapy success, and ROX and mROX were compared as screening tools for predicting failure. Further, the area under the curve for ROX and mROX was also assessed for mean values and accuracy. Epitools and MedCalc software were used online for different statistical analyses, and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Twenty-seven out of 32 patients during the observation period fulfilled inclusion criteria; 13 (48.15%) of the HFNC oxygenation therapy failed. The majority (74.1%) of the patients were male; the cohort's mean + standard deviation age was 53.93 + 10.67 years. Both mean ROX and mROX at admission and six-hour time-point showed fair-to-good sensitivity and specificity; the accuracies for predicting failure for ROX versus mROX at baseline values 4.78 and 3.98, and six-hour values of 4.5 and 4.05 were 59.81 versus 70.68, and 67.42 versus 74.88 respectively (all p >0.05). Only mROX of 4.05 (mean value) and 3.34 (Youden’s J cut-off) had a sensitivity plus specificity at 1.56 and 1.63 (i.e., 156% and 163%), respectively. The mROX values between HFNC success and failure at baseline and six hours differed significantly. However, the area under the ROC for ROX and mROX at baseline and six hours were statistically indifferent.Conclusion: Both ROX and mROX at baseline and six hours had fair-to-good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the ROC; the differences were statistically insignificant. The accuracies of the indices were better at six hours than the baseline. Although both the indices can be used, only mROX of 4.05 at six-hour had a sensitivity plus specificity of 156% to be considered a clinically valuable screener.CTRI: CTRI/2021/01/030431
Stress and Coping Issues in Management Students Post COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: CHIB SHINEY , CHIB SHINEY 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a very challenging issue for everybody. Education system received a big blow, and the whole system was transferred into virtual mode. Transition from online to offline was not very smooth and easy After the initial hick ups, students have become comfortable, with the online classes and the online evaluations. Post Lockdown was again a time of transition, and students were finding it difficult to cope up with the changes. This research deals with the identification of the various matters which led to stress and anxiety among MBA Students. Sample size was 253 MBA students. Primary data was collected with structured questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out, in order to identify the factors affecting stress level, in coping up with the post Covid-19 Lockdown academic life.
Comparative Analysis in Drilling Performance of AA7075 in Different Temper Conditions
Authors: YARAR ESER , ERTURK Alpay Tamer , KOÇ Funda Gül , VATANSEVER Fahri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to examine the machinability and the surface quality conditions of the AA7075 material with different temper conditions. For this purpose, various temper treatments are implemented to evaluate the impact of microstructural properties on tool wear and the surface quality of the drilled holes. The drilling operations have been done on 0, F, T4, T6, and T7 temper conditions. Process parameters were three different spindle speeds (715, 1520, and 3030 rev/min) and three feed rates (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm/rev) with HSS-G high-performance ground standard twist drill bit. The present work deals with the effects of temper conditions on thrust force, drilling temperature, tool wear, surface integrity, and chip morphology. Response surface methodology was used in the evaluation of experiment results. The optimization results showed that while thrust force and torque are not significantly affected by a change in spindle speed, they are sensitive to an increase in feed rate. Heat-generation on the drill bit is the lowest at low levels of both the feed rate and spindle speed parameters. The AA7075-T6 condition specimen was machined with continuous chip formation, resulting in the best hole surface quality. The 3D finite element modeling of the drilling process was carried out, and the drilling performance of AA7075-T6 was evaluated in terms of thrust force, heat generation, and chip formation.
miRNA therapy in laboratory models of acute spinal cord injury in rodents: a meta-analysis
Authors: wang yang , Yi Hanxiao , Song Yancheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: miRNA therapy is popularly investigated in treating acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and offers a significant prospect for the treatment of acute SCI. Aim: We aimed to provide pre-clinical validations of miRNA in the treatment of SCI. Methods: A systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was performed. Results: Rats, which were the most used animals (70%, n=46 articles), receiving miRNA therapy got prominent recovery in SCI models [BBB score, SMD 3.90, 95% CI: 3.08 to 4.73, p<0.01]. Locomotor function of fore and hind limbs in SCI mice receiving miRNA therapy (30%, n=19 articles) [grip strength, SMD 3.22, 95% CI: 2.14-4.26; p<0.01; BBB score, SMD 3.47, 95% CI: 2.38 to 4.56, p<0.01; BMS, SMD 2.27, 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.20, p<0.01] also recovered better than mice in control group. Then, we conducted the subgroup analysis and did find that high-quality articles trended to report non-therapeutic effect of miRNA. Furtherly, we analyzed 46 miRNAs, including 9 miRNA families (miR-21-5p/34a-3p/124-3p/126-3p/223-3p/543-3p/30-3p/136-3p/15-5p), among which miR-30-3p/136-3p/15-5p family were not effective in recovering locomotor function of rats. Conclusions: Conclusively, miRNAs are curative drugs for SCI, however, appropriate miRNA carrier and which miRNA is the most efficacious for SCI should be furtherly investigated.
The clinic surgeon as the main link in the treatment of patients with chronic ischemia of the lower extremities of atherosclerotic genesis
Authors: Chervyakov Yu. V. , Moskovskiy I. A. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. An alternative way in the treatment of intermittent claudication is the use of genetic engineering technologies that lead to the stimulation of their own vasculogenesis in ischemic limbs. Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis.Purpose: to present the results of complex conservative treatment using a drug based on a plasmid with the VEGF165 gene in patients with grade II CINI according to the Fontaine – A.V. Pokrovsky classification for 7 years after one course of gene therapy.Materials and methods. From 2009 to 2015, 50 patients were treated. Men – 41, women – 9. Average age 64.3 ± 10.5 years. All patients received basic therapy for atherosclerosis. In addition, a 1.2 mg gene preparation was injected twice into the muscles of the ischemic limb. The preservation of the limb, the survival rate of patients, the change in the distance of painless walking according to the treadmill test were assessed.Results and discussion. The safety of the limb after 7 years was 94%, the survival rate was 80%. Significant and moderate clinical improvement was noted in 68% of cases, satisfactory result – 6%, deterioration – 2% of patients. Only in 6% of cases there was an unfavorable outcome associated with the progression of chronic limb ischemia. All patients showed good tolerance to the drug and no side effects. Continuous conservative treatment of patients with peripheral atherosclerosis is the key factor preventing rapid progression of the disease. There is high requirement for the development of new areas of the combination treatment, which would lead to compensation of blood circulation in the extremities in peripheral atherosclerosis. The provided innovative treatment method with widespread introduction into outpatient practice will improve the quality of life of patients with intermittent claudication.Conclusions. Long-term results of treatment of patients with grade II CINI using gene therapy have been demonstrating high efficiency for 7 years. The presented innovative method of treatment, with its widespread introduction into outpatient practice, will improve the quality of life of patients with intermittent claudication by increasing the passable distance without pain in the legs, reduce the risk of ischemia progression, and minimize the burden on the healthcare system.
Assessment of dam-induced changes in ecogeomorphological behaviour and fluvial functionality in the Damodar River, West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Sandipan , Hoque Md. Mofizul , Saha Ujwal Deep , Islam Aznarul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic interventions in the form of dams and barrages often alter the fluvial functionality and eco-geomorphological (geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology) behaviour of river systems. The present work examines the environmental flow, channel metamorphosis, and fluvial functionality of the Damodar River in the context of Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) dams and development. Structural (dams, barrages, weirs, etc.) and non-structural (urban–industrial and agricultural disposal with effluents, sand mining, etc.) interventions hinder the ecological functionality of the river. This study portrays that the eco-geomorphological behaviour and fluvial functionality of the river have changed due to flow alteration and diversion by dams and barrages and due to rapid urban–industrial and agricultural growth in the basin area. These changes have affected riverine ecological integrity. The ecological functionality level of this study area ranges from 85 to 181, i.e. from poor to good–fair. The ecological functionality level in the sample channel sections (i.e., the immediate upstream and downstream of the Durgapur Barrage) is poor, and the value ranges from 61 to 100 due to the hydrological impact of the barrage and the Durgapur urban–industrial belt. This assessment work will help to restore the fluvial environment for humans as well as riverine biota.
HIGHLIGHTS Dams and barrages have altered the hydrological flow regimes, affecting the eco-geomorphological behaviour of alluvial channels. Dam-induced fluvial metamorphosis is evident in the channel morphological parameters and channel classification. The fluvial functionality index has been applied to evaluate the ecological functionality level for the restoration of the riverine environment.
An Automated Surveillance System (SurCeGGID) for the French Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinics: Epidemiological Monitoring Study
Authors: Ndeikoundam Ngangro Ndeindo , Pioche Corinne , Vaux Sophie , Viriot Delphine , Durand Julien , Berat Bénédicte , Hamdaoui Mohammed , Lot Florence 
Published: May 2022

Background
Viral and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are public health concerns worldwide, but surveillance systems are not comprehensive enough to design and monitor accurately STI control strategies in most countries. In 2016, 320 STI clinics (CeGIDDs in French) were implemented in France, primarily targeting most exposed populations, although access is free of charge for anybody.

Objective
This article describes the mandatory surveillance system (SurCeGIDD) based on CeGIDD’s individual data aiming to better guide STI prevention.

Methods
A decree ensured the use of software to manage consultations in CeGIDDs and to transfer surveillance data. A web service was implemented to secure data transfer from CeGIDDs’ software to a centralized database. CeGIDDs can also transfer data in CSV format via a secured data-sharing platform. Then, data are automatically checked before integration. Data on sociodemographic variables, sexual exposure, blood exposure, symptoms, STI tests, STI diagnoses, and sexual health services delivery were collected for the previous year (n–1). Preliminary and descriptive analyses of 2017-2018 data transmitted in 2018 and 2019, respectively, were performed using numbers and proportions for qualitative variables.

Results
In 2017, 54/320 (16.9%) CeGIDDs transmitted their data. In 2018, this number of participants increased to 143/320 (44.7%) CeGIDDs. The corresponding volume of records increased from 2414 in 2017 to 382,890 in 2018. In 2018, most attendances were hospital based (263,480/382,890, 68.81%). In 2018, attendees were mostly men 227,326/379,921 (59.84%), while 151,963/379,921 (40%) were women 632/379,921 (0.17%) transgenders. The median age was 27 years for men, 23 years for women, and 30 years for transgender. Half of the attendees (81,964/174,932, 46.85%) were heterosexual men, 69,016/174,932 (39.45%) heterosexual women, 20,764/174,932 (11.87%) men who have sex with men, and 3188/174,932 (1.82%) women who have sex with women. A majority of them were born in France (227,698/286,289, 79.53%) and unemployed 115,913/211,707 (54.75%). The positivity rates were 0.37% for 205,348 HIV serologies, 1.31% for 131,551 hepatitis B virus serologies, 7.16% for 161,241 Chlamydia trachomatis PCR, 2.83% for 146,649 gonorrhea PCR, 1.04% for the syphilis combination of treponema and nontreponema serologies, and 5.96% for 13,313 Mycoplasma genitalium PCR.

Conclusions
Despite challenges, the effectiveness of the SurCeGIDD surveillance based on routine patients’ records was demonstrated. The wide range of information, including socioeconomic determinants, might help to better guide and evaluate the prevention policies and services delivery. However, the growing volumes of information will require adapted tools and algorithms for the data management and analyses.
Causal Modeling to Mitigate Selection Bias and Unmeasured Confounding in Internet-Based Epidemiology of COVID-19: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Stockham Nathaniel , Washington Peter , Chrisman Brianna , Paskov Kelley , Jung Jae-Yoon , Wall Dennis Paul 
Published: May 2022

Background
Selection bias and unmeasured confounding are fundamental problems in epidemiology that threaten study internal and external validity. These phenomena are particularly dangerous in internet-based public health surveillance, where traditional mitigation and adjustment methods are inapplicable, unavailable, or out of date. Recent theoretical advances in causal modeling can mitigate these threats, but these innovations have not been widely deployed in the epidemiological community.

Objective
The purpose of our paper is to demonstrate the practical utility of causal modeling to both detect unmeasured confounding and selection bias and guide model selection to minimize bias. We implemented this approach in an applied epidemiological study of the COVID-19 cumulative infection rate in the New York City (NYC) spring 2020 epidemic.

Methods
We collected primary data from Qualtrics surveys of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowd workers residing in New Jersey and New York State across 2 sampling periods: April 11-14 and May 8-11, 2020. The surveys queried the subjects on household health status and demographic characteristics. We constructed a set of possible causal models of household infection and survey selection mechanisms and ranked them by compatibility with the collected survey data. The most compatible causal model was then used to estimate the cumulative infection rate in each survey period.

Results
There were 527 and 513 responses collected for the 2 periods, respectively. Response demographics were highly skewed toward a younger age in both survey periods. Despite the extremely strong relationship between age and COVID-19 symptoms, we recovered minimally biased estimates of the cumulative infection rate using only primary data and the most compatible causal model, with a relative bias of +3.8% and –1.9% from the reported cumulative infection rate for the first and second survey periods, respectively.

Conclusions
We successfully recovered accurate estimates of the cumulative infection rate from an internet-based crowdsourced sample despite considerable selection bias and unmeasured confounding in the primary data. This implementation demonstrates how simple applications of structural causal modeling can be effectively used to determine falsifiable model conditions, detect selection bias and confounding factors, and minimize estimate bias through model selection in a novel epidemiological context. As the disease and social dynamics of COVID-19 continue to evolve, public health surveillance protocols must continue to adapt; the emergence of Omicron variants and shift to at-home testing as recent challenges. Rigorous and transparent methods to develop, deploy, and diagnosis adapted surveillance protocols will be critical to their success.
Assessing the Implementation of Digital Innovations in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic to Address Key Public Health Functions: Scoping Review of Academic and Nonacademic Literature
Authors: Francombe Joseph , Ali Gemma-Claire , Gloinson Emily Ryen , Feijao Carolina , Morley Katherine I , Gunashekar Salil , de Carvalho Gomes Helena 
Published: May 2022

Background
Digital technologies have been central to efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, a range of literature has reported on developments regarding the implementation of new digital technologies for COVID-19–related surveillance, prevention, and control.

Objective
In this study, scoping reviews of academic and nonacademic literature were undertaken to obtain an overview of the evidence regarding digital innovations implemented to address key public health functions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to expand on the work of existing reviews by drawing on additional data sources (including nonacademic sources) by considering literature published over a longer time frame and analyzing data in terms of the number of unique digital innovations.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of the academic literature published between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2020, supplemented by a further scoping review of selected nonacademic literature published between January 1, 2020, and October 13, 2020. Both reviews followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach.

Results
A total of 226 academic articles and 406 nonacademic articles were included. The included articles provided evidence of 561 (academic literature) and 497 (nonacademic literature) unique digital innovations. The most common implementation settings for digital innovations were the United States, China, India, and the United Kingdom. Technologies most commonly used by digital innovations were those belonging to the high-level technology group of integrated and ubiquitous fixed and mobile networks. The key public health functions most commonly addressed by digital innovations were communication and collaboration and surveillance and monitoring.

Conclusions
Digital innovations implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been wide ranging in terms of their implementation settings, the digital technologies used, and the public health functions addressed. However, evidence gathered through this study also points to a range of barriers that have affected the successful implementation of digital technologies for public health functions. It is also evident that many digital innovations implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are yet to be formally evaluated or assessed.
Apolipoprotein L1 High-Risk Genotypes and Albuminuria in Sub-Saharan African Populations
Authors: Brandenburg Jean-Tristan , Govender Melanie A. , Winkler Cheryl A. , Boua Palwende Romuald , Agongo Godfred , Fabian June , Ramsay Michèle 
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives
Recessive inheritance of African-specific APOL1 kidney risk variants is associated with higher risk of nondiabetic kidney disease, progression to kidney failure, and early-onset albuminuria that precedes eGFR decline. The effect of APOL1 risk variants on kidney disease in continental Africans is understudied. Objectives of this study were to determine APOL1 risk allele prevalence and associations between APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease in West, East, and South Africa.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries included 10,769 participants largely aged 40–60 years with sociodemographic and health information, anthropometry data, and blood and urine tests for biomarkers of kidney disease. APOL1 risk alleles were imputed from the H3Africa genotyping array, APOL1 risk allele and genotype frequencies were determined, and genetic associations were assessed for kidney disease. Kidney disease was defined as the presence of eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, albuminuria, or a composite end point including eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria.

Results
High G1 allele frequencies occurred in South and West Africa (approximately 7%–13%). G2 allele frequencies were highest in South Africa (15%–24%), followed by West Africa (9%–12%). Associations between APOL1 risk variants and albuminuria were significant for recessive (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.12) and additive (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.76) models. Associations were stronger for APOL1 G1/G1 genotypes versus G0/G0 (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 2.16 to 6.93) compared with either G2/G2 (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.51) or G1/G2 (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.87). No association between APOL1 risk variants and eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was observed.

Conclusions

APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles and high-risk genotype frequencies differed between and within West and South Africa and were almost absent from East Africa. APOL1 risk variants were associated with albuminuria but not eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. There may be differential effects of homozygous G1 and G2 genotypes on albuminuria that require further investigation.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_05_16_CJN14321121.mp3
Quality Control Outprints of Kamala (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): An Aquatic Medicinal Plant
Authors: Lachita CV , Mallya Suma V , Naik Thejaswi , Prabhu Suchitra 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Kamala(Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) is an emergent perennial acquatic plant, having diverse medicinal properties. Many parts of this plant like petals, stamens, seeds are used in medicine. Materials and methods: Fresh flowers of Kamala(N. nucifera Gaertn.) were procured from their natural habitat macro-microscopy, physicochemicsl standards, phytochemical study, HPTLC were carried out as per standard protocol. Results: Histological study on drug shows air sacs and pollen grains of varied shape and size. The drug found to contain high amounts of carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins. HPTLC, has given different peaks at short and long UV. Conclusion: Pharmacognostic standards of test drug recorded represent quality out prints of this drug.
(Key words: Kamala( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), Pharmacognosy, Standardisation)