bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitable areas for the invasion expansion of Xylocopa bees in South America
Authors: do Nascimento Andressa Carneiro , Montalva José , Lucia Mariano , de Paiva Silva Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe introduction of exotic species into native ecosystems can be a cause for concern when those species are invasive. Invasive species cause ecological problems and have socio‐cultural impacts on human health and the economy; for example, invasive bees may negatively impact their introduced ecosystem by spreading diseases or outcompeting native pollinators. Xylocopa spp. bees are diverse and distributed throughout the Neotropics. However, Xylocopa augusti (Lepeletier, 1841) and Xylocopa splendidula (Lepeletier, 1841) are not native to Mediterranean Chile. This study aimed to evaluate the invasive potential of these exotic species and predict the potential macroecological effects of their invasions. We also aimed to pinpoint possible distributions for these species throughout South America. We correlated biogeographic occurrence data with climatic variables for each species to model their potential distribution in both current and future scenarios. The models provide strong evidence that both species are changing their distributions: their ranges are expanding towards western South America, particularly Bolivia, Chile and Peru. We demonstrate an increase in niche overlap between these species and show there are new geographic areas vulnerable to the establishment of these invasive bees under current and future climate conditions. These data suggest that these bees may adapt their geographic distribution as the climate changes and pose a threat to native pollinators in new geographic areas.
Impact of infrared and dry‐air roasting on antioxidant potential, oxidative stability, chemical characteristics, and fatty acid profile of black and white sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal , Yadav Madhav P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study reports the impact of infrared (IRR) and dry‐air roasting (DAR) at 160, 180, and 200°C for 5, 10, and 15 min on the moisture content of sesame seeds, oil extraction yield (OEY), chemical characteristics, oxidative stability index (OSI), viscosity, color, browning index (BI), pigments, radical scavenging activity (RSA), total flavonoid (TFC), and phenolic (TPC) content and fatty acid composition (FAC) of white sesame oil (WSO) and black sesame oil (BSO). The OEY, OSI, viscosity, BI, pigments, TPC, TFC, and RSA increased, whereas acid, peroxide, L*, and b* values of WSO and BSO declined by increasing DAR and IRR conditions. Fourier transform infra‐red spectra exhibited a minor variation in peak intensities that relate to changes in FAC and p‐AV of WSO and BSO. Both DAR and IRR techniques had improved WSO and BSO quality. However, DAR (180°C for 15 min) is suggested for enhancing WSO and BSO yield and quality characteristics.Novelty impact statementSesame oil is considered a highly nutritious and healthy oil owing to its desirable fatty acid composition. This study reported the impact of dry‐air and infrared roasting on sesame oil quality and stability characteristics. Dry‐air roasting at 180°C for 15 min proved effective for improving sesame oil stability and quality characteristics.
Evaluation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin to detect renal tubular damage in dogs with stable myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Troia Roberta , Sabetti Maria Chiara , Crosara Serena , Quintavalla Cecilia , Romito Giovanni , Mazzoldi Chiara , Fidanzio Francesca , Cescatti Maura , Bertazzolo Walter , Giunti Massimo , Dondi Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) can experience progressive renal tubular damage and dysfunction. The prevalence of renal tubular damage is not known in dogs with stable MMVD.ObjectiveTo evaluate renal tubular damage in dogs with stable MMVD by evaluation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL).AnimalsNinety‐eight MMVD dogs grouped according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) staging (group B1, n = 23; group B2, n = 27; group C + D, n = 48) and 46 healthy dogs.MethodsMulticenter prospective observational study. Serum and urine chemistry including NGAL reported as uNGAL concentration (uNGAL) and normalized with urinary creatinine (uNGALC) were compared between MMVD dogs and healthy controls, and among different MMVD ACVIM stages.ResultsThe MMVD dogs had significantly higher uNGAL and uNGALC (1204 pg/mL; range, 30‐39 732 and 1816 pg/mg; range, 22‐127 693, respectively) compared to healthy dogs (584 pg/mL; range, 56‐4072 and 231 pg/mg; range, 15‐2407, respectively; P = .002 and P < .0001, respectively). Both uNGAL and uNGALC increased with the increasing ACVIM stage (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRenal tubular damage is present in dogs with stable MMVD, as measured by increased uNGAL. This tubular damage is subclinical, occurs in all stages of MMVD even in the absence of azotemia, and increases with the severity of MMVD. Reno‐protective approaches to manage MMVD dogs should be explored to slow the progression of renal tubular damage in these patients.
Treatment endpoints for chronic hepatitis D
Authors: Metin Olga , Zeybel Müjdat , Yurdaydin Cihan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractManagement of chronic hepatitis D (CHD) has entered a new era. In this new era, the virus entry inhibitor bulevirtide has received conditional approval as a treatment for compensated CHD. Three phase 3 studies with two new compounds are ongoing for the treatment of CHD. In this context, surrogate markers of treatment efficacy have been well defined for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (7) and chronic hepatitis C (8) but not for CHD. The aim of this review is to give a perspective on treatment endpoints in CHD. For this, we took guidance from CHB studies and tried to make suggestions which differed according to finite versus prolonged treatment durations and also took into account the different characteristics of the new compounds.
Modeling the Contribution of Genetic Variation to Cognitive Gains Following Training with a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Musso Mariel F. , Cómbita Lina M. , Cascallar Eduardo C. , Rueda M. Rosario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this research was to develop robust predictive models of the gains in working memory (WM) and fluid intelligence (Gf) following executive attention training in children, using genetic markers, gender, and age variables. We explore the influence of genetic variables on individual differences in susceptibility to intervention. Sixty‐six children (males: 54.2%) aged 50.9–75.9 months participated in a four‐weeks computerized training program. Information on genes involved in the regulation of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine was collected. The standardized pre‐ to post‐training gains of two dependent measures were considered: WM Span backwards condition (WISC‐III) and the IQ‐f factor from the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K‐BIT). A machine‐learning methodology was implemented utilizing multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (ANN) with a backpropagation algorithm. Both ANN models reached high overall accuracy in their predictive classification. Variations in genes involved in dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmission affect children's susceptibility to benefit from executive attention training, a pattern that is consistent with previous studies.
Financing the energy transition in a green sub‐Saharan African (SSA) environment: Does energy intensity matter?
Authors: Kalu Ebere Ume , Arize Chuck Augustine , Okoyeuzu Chinwe R. , Nwafor Florence U. , Okwueze Felicia Osondu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study looked at the impact of financial development, environmental sustainability and energy intensity on the transition of SSA countries to safe and green energy use. This was pursued using a dynamic panel model—system generalized method of moments (SGMM), given its capacity to address endogeneity problems in panel estimation processes. The study used datasets covering a 25‐year period (1995–2020) for 46 countries out of 52 SSA countries chosen on the basis of the availability of data on energy and financial development indicators. Findings arising from this study are summarized as follows: firstly, that energy transition is negatively responsive to the monetization ratio and positively responsive to bank development. Secondly, that the energy transition is a response to increasing emissions in the studied countries. In addition, it was discovered that the greater the degree of energy intensity (energy inefficiency), the higher the need for an energy transition. Energy sources whose intensity vary inversely with productive activities are recommended for SSA countries. Also, to meet the Paris climate goals, there is the need for policies that drive energy transitions while decoupling and reducing the use of fossil fuels.
Genetic diversity and thermotolerance in Holstein cows: Pathway analysis and marker development using whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Kalemkeridou Maria , Nanas Ioannis , Moutou Katerina , Amiridis Georgios S. , Tsipourlianos Andreas , Dovolou Eleni , Mamuris Zissis , Giannoulis Themistoklis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeat stress causes extensive losses in the dairy sector, due to negative effects on milk production and reproduction. Cows have evolved a series of protective mechanisms, (physiological, biochemical, behavioural) to cope with the thermostressing environments, which have allowed the preservation of productive and reproductive potential of specific animals during summer; these animals are considered thermotolerant and could be used to design programs of selective breeding. These programs, targeting the generations of a population of heat‐resistant animals, would increase the frequency of the desired phenotypes, tackling the financial losses on one hand and reducing the carbon footprints of the dairy sector on the other. The development of genomics techniques has enabled genome wide variant calling, to detect SNPs associated with the desired phenotypes. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to detect genetic variation associated with thermotolerance and to design molecular markers for characterizing the animals as tolerant/sensitive. A total of 40 cows from each group were split in four sequencing pools and a whole‐genome sequencing approach was used. Results and conclusion: Genome‐wide genetic variation between groups was characterized and enrichment analysis revealed specific pathways which participate in the adaptive mechanisms of thermotolerance, implicated into systemic and cellular responses, including the immune system functionality, Heat Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. The markers made a promising set of results, as specific SNPs in five genes encoding for Heat Shock Proteins were significantly associated with thermotolerance.
Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation
Authors: Inns Thomas B. , Bass Joseph J. , Hardy Edward J.O. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Stashuk Daniel W. , Atherton Philip J. , Phillips Bethan E. , Piasecki Mathew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied, deterioration of muscle function with a focus towards the neural input to muscle remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the role of motor unit adaptation in disuse‐induced neuromuscular deficits. Ten young, healthy male volunteers underwent 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation with intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) bilaterally recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) during knee extensor contractions normalised to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), pre and post disuse. Muscle cross‐sectional area was determined by ultrasound. Individual MUs were sampled and analysed for changes in motor unit (MU) discharge and MU potential (MUP) characteristics. VL CSA was reduced by approximately 15% which was exceeded by a two‐fold decrease of 31% in muscle strength in the immobilised limb, with no change in either parameter in the non‐immobilised limb. Parameters of MUP size were reduced by 11% to 24% with immobilisation, while neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission instability remained unchanged, and MU firing rate decreased by 8% to 11% at several contraction levels. All adaptations were observed in the immobilised limb only. These findings highlight impaired neural input following immobilisation reflected by suppressed MU firing rate which may underpin the disproportionate reductions of strength relative to muscle size.
imageKey points
Muscle mass and function decline rapidly in situations of disuse such as bed rest and limb immobilisation.
The reduction in muscle function commonly exceeds that of muscle mass, which may be associated with the dysregulation of neural input to muscle.
We have used intramuscular electromyography to sample individual motor unit and near fibre potentials from the vastus lateralis following 15 days of unilateral limb immobilisation. Following disuse, the disproportionate loss of muscle strength when compared to size coincided with suppressed motor unit firing rate.
These motor unit adaptations were observed at multiple contraction levels and in the immobilised limb only. Our findings demonstrate neural dysregulation as a key component of functional loss following muscle disuse in humans.
Sedimentary Patterns and Spatial Distributions of Heavy Minerals along the Continental Shelf in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil
Authors: Costa Júnior Adeildo De Assis , Quaresma Valéria Da Silva , Gabrig Turbay Caio Vinícius , Oliveira Natacha De , Leite Marcos Daniel de Almeida , Vieira Fernanda Vedoato , Bastos Alex Cardoso 
Published: October 2022

Heavy minerals can be used as tools to better understand sedimentary patterns across continental shelves, in addition to their economic importance, where they form marine placers. This study investigates the spatial distributions of heavy minerals in sand deposits along the three different morpho-sedimentary compartments (i.e., Paleovalley Shelf, Doce river Shelf, and Abrolhos Shelf) of the Espírito Santo Continental Shelf, which presents distinct sedimentary regimes. A mineralogical characterization of 180 surface sediment samples allowed to identify fifteen different heavy mineral species across the study area, with a predominance of ilmenite. The qualitative characterization shows similar heavy mineral patterns among the three compartments, while their mineral proportion (quantitative analysis) is heterogeneous. Also, the supply and accommodation regimes do not responsible by influence the heavy mineral assemblages and sediment maturity. However, there is a significant relationship between supply regime (delta sedimentation) and higher average abundances of each heavy mineral species. With results found here is possible to affirm that marine placers are closely related to Holocene sedimentation.
Design for Artificial Intelligence: Proposing a Conceptual Framework Grounded in Data Wrangling
Authors: Williams Glen , Meisel Nicholas A. , Simpson Timothy W. , McComb Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The intersection between engineering design, manufacturing, and artificial intelligence offers countless opportunities for breakthrough improvements in how we develop new technology. However, achieving this synergy between the physical and the computational worlds involves overcoming a core challenge: few specialists educated today are trained in both engineering design and artificial intelligence. This fact, combined with the recency of both fields’ adoption and the antiquated state of many institutional data management systems, results in an industrial landscape that is relatively devoid of high-quality data and individuals who can rapidly use that data for machine learning and artificial intelligence development. In order to advance the fields of engineering design and manufacturing to the next level of preparedness for the development of effective artificially intelligent, data-driven analytical and generative tools, a new design for X principle must be established: design for artificial intelligence (DfAI). In this paper, a conceptual framework for DfAI is presented and discussed in the context of the contemporary field and the personas which drive it.
STEP-NC Process Planning for Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Milaat Fahad Ali , Witherell Paul , Hardwick Martin , Yeung Ho , Ferrero Vincenzo , Monnier Laetitia , Brown Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Powder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses high-power beams to fuse powder material into layers of scanned patterns, thus producing parts with great geometric complexity. For PBF, the selection of appropriate process parameters, environmental control, and machine functions play critical roles in maintaining fabrication consistency and reducing potential part defects such as cracks and pores. However, poor data representations in the form of approximated geometry and incoherent process plans can negatively impact the relationship between the selected parameters. To address this issue, the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data Numerical Control (STEP-NC) recently added standardized data entities and attributes specifically for AM applications. Yet, the current STEP-NC data representations for AM do not have definitions for process parameters and scan strategies that are commonly used in PBF processes. Therefore, there is a need for defining data models that link process parameters with process control. To bridge this gap, in this paper, an amended STEP-NC compliant data representation for PBF in AM is proposed. Specifically, the characteristics of the interlayer relationships in PBF, along with the technology and scan strategy controls, are defined. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of granular process planning control and the potential for producing high-quality parts that meet geometric requirements and tight tolerances. The contributions of this paper highlight the importance of information models in AM, promoting data representations as key enablers of the AM technology and supporting the neutrality and interoperability of data across AM systems.
Buoyancy-Induced Instability of a Power-Law Fluid Saturating a Vertical Porous Slab
Authors: Lazzari Stefano , Celli Michele , Vayssière Brandão Pedro , Barletta Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many engineering applications involve porous media and rely on non-Newtonian working fluids. In this paper, the seepage flow of a non-Newtonian fluid saturating a vertical porous layer is studied. The buoyant flow is thermally driven by the boundaries of the porous layer, which are permeable surfaces kept at different temperatures. In order to model the seepage flow of both shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) and shear-thickening (dilatant) fluids, reference is made to the Ostwald-de Waele rheological model implemented via the power-law extended form of Darcy's law. The basic stationary flow is parallel to the vertical axis and shows a single-cell pattern, where the cell has infinite height and can display a core-region of enhanced/inhibited flow according to the fluid's rheological behavior. By applying small perturbations, a linear stability analysis of the basic flow is performed to determine the onset conditions for a multicellular pattern. This analysis is carried out numerically by employing the shooting method. The neutral stability curves and the values of the critical Rayleigh number are computed for different pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids. The behavior of a Newtonian fluid is also obtained as a limiting case.
Experimental Study of Impact of In-Service Deterioration on Thermal Performance of High-Pressure Nozzle Guide Vanes
Authors: Michaud Mathias , Chowdhury Nafiz H. K. , Povey Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the impact of in-service deterioration on the overall thermal performance (metal effectiveness) of heavily cooled high-pressure nozzle guide vanes of a design typical of large civil jet engines. We study 15 deteriorated parts (increased surface roughness, thermal barrier coating spallation and sintering, damaged film cooling holes, and trailing edge burn-back) from operational engines and compare their thermal performance to that of equivalent new parts. A companion paper focuses on the aerodynamic impact of in-service deterioration. Overall cooling effectiveness measurements were performed in the Engine Component AeroThermal (ECAT) Facility at the University of Oxford, at engine-representative conditions of Mach number, Reynolds number, coolant-to-mainstream pressure ratio, and turbulence intensity. We characterize the degradation of overall cooling effectiveness with service time. This is an important result for whole-life modeling. Changes in overall cooling effectiveness were greatest on the pressure surface and early suction surface of the parts. Area-averaged differences in overall cooling effectiveness of −1.83% and −10.41% were measured on the pressure surfaces of mid-life and end-of-life vanes, respectively. In the analysis, we attempt to decouple the contributions from independent deterioration effects and compare the philosophy of this top-down approach to the bottom-up approach in which effects are studied in isolation and then superposed in modeling.
The Influence of Boundary Layer State and Trailing Edge Wedge Angle on the Aerodynamic Performance of Transonic Turbine Blades
Authors: Rossiter A. D. , Pullan G. , Melzer A. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trailing edge loss typically accounts for a third of the profile loss of a transonic turbine blade. In this paper, two dominant influencing factors—boundary layer state and trailing edge wedge angle—are quantified using a combined experimental (single airfoil transonic tests) and computational (wall-resolved LES) approach. Three key findings are reported. First, the switch between two flow regimes—detached vortex shedding and transonic vortex shedding—as the Reynolds number is increased, is identified and explained. It is shown that the transition of the pressure surface boundary layer drives the switch from the former to the latter; this change is associated with a jump in loss of close to 100%. The switch is also shown to affect the base pressure distribution around the trailing edge, changing it from uniform, with an isobaric dead-air region, to non-uniform. Second, the influence of the trailing edge wedge angle is explored. It is found that higher wedge angles can offer performance benefits in both loss and base pressure—with a change from 8 deg to 14 deg geometry providing up to a 29% reduction in an overall loss for the geometry tested. Finally, as these findings are the result of changes to the unsteady flow phenomena around the trailing edge, they would not be picked up by current low-fidelity, steady design tools. A method is proposed to use data, such as that presented in this paper, to improve low-fidelity modeling.