bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separating pigments and fillers from the polymer matrix in acrylic colors subjected to natural aging
Authors: Barni D. , Raimondo L. , Galli A. , Caglio S. , Mostoni S. , D’Arienzo M. , Martini M. , Sassella A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUpon aging and exposure to ambient conditions, acrylic colors get dry and the degree of polymerization of the polymer matrix increases due to progressive cross-linking. When interested in studying acrylic colors, separation of the different components, namely matrix, pigments, and fillers, may be particularly useful for their identification and characterization. In the case of aged acrylic colors, as found in artworks themselves or in materials present in artist studios, the separation approaches requiring chemical treatments of fluid samples cannot be applied. To overcome this limit, here a controlled combustion strategy is developed for eliminating the polymer matrix from the color and then recovering a powder made of pigments and fillers, which is analyzed by optical spectroscopy and demonstrated to display the same chromatic/chemical properties of the original color. As a case study, the new method is successfully applied to acrylic colors used by the Italian artist Domenico “Ico” Parisi (1916–1996), found in the original tubes in his studio.
Sequential Interventions for Major Depression and Heart Failure Self-Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Freedland Kenneth E. , Skala Judith A. , Carney Robert M. , Steinmeyer Brian C. , Rubin Eugene H. , Rich Michael W. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Major depression and inadequate self-care are common in patients with heart failure (HF). Little is known about how to intervene when both problems are present. This study examined the efficacy of a sequential approach to treating these problems.

Methods:
Stepped Care for Depression in HF was a single-site, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) versus usual care (UC) for major depression in patients with HF. The intensive phase of the CBT intervention lasted between 8 and 16 weeks, depending upon the rate of improvement in depression. All participants received a tailored HF self-care intervention that began 8 weeks after randomization. The intensive phase of the self-care intervention ended at 16 weeks post-randomization. The coprimary outcome measures were the Beck Depression Inventory (version 2) and the Maintenance scale of the Self-Care of HF Index (v6.2) at week 16.

Results:

One hundred thirty-nine patients with HF and major depression were enrolled; 70 were randomized to UC and 69 to CBT. At week 16, the patients in the CBT arm scored 4.0 points ([95% CI, −7.3 to −0.8];
P
=0.02) lower on the Beck Depression Inventory, version 2 than those in the usual care arm. Mean scores on the Self-Care of HF Index Maintenance scale were not significantly different between the groups ([95% CI, −6.5 to 1.5];
P
=0.22).

Conclusions:
CBT is more effective than usual care for major depression in patients with HF. However, initiating CBT before starting a tailored HF self-care intervention does not increase the benefit of the self-care intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02997865.
Safety and Efficacy of Radial Versus Femoral Artery Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy Procedures Following Intravenous Administration of Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Rumalla Kavelin , Farhadi Dara S. , Parikh Parth P. , Nguyen Brandon A. , Rutledge Caleb , Srinivasan Visish M. , Baranoski Jacob F. , Cole Tyler S. , Winkler Ethan A. , Desai Shashvat M. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe transradial artery (TRA) approach for neuroendovascular procedures is a safe and effective alternative to the transfemoral artery (TFA) approach. We compared the efficiency and periprocedural outcomes of TRA and TFA approaches for acute stroke interventions in patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.MethodsA retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients at a large cerebrovascular center from January 1, 2014, to March 31, 2021. Baseline characteristics, periprocedural efficiency and efficacy, and in‐hospital outcomes were compared between intervention cohorts (TRA and TFA).ResultsOf 314 patients analyzed, 21 (7%) underwent a TRA approach and 293 (93%) underwent a TFA approach. Complications occurred in one (5%) of 21 patients in the TRA cohort and 20 (7%) of 293 patients in the TFA cohort. Access site complications were present in 12 (4%) patients with TFA, and no patients with TRA experienced access site complications. The mean length of stay was significantly longer for the TFA cohort (8.8 days [standard deviation, 8.5 days]) versus the TRA cohort (4.8 days [standard deviation, 2.9 days]) (P=0.02). Linear regression analysis showed that femoral access, Medicaid insurance, and discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >10 predicted longer length of stay (P≤0.046). However, when the time to initial physical or occupational therapy session was added to the model, access site was no longer significant (P=0.42).ConclusionThe TRA approach may reduce periprocedural complications and hospital length of stay compared with the TFA approach. The shorter length of stay associated with TRA access appeared to be associated with earlier initiation of physical or occupational therapies.
Contemporary Results of Bare Platinum Coil Embolization for Wide‐Necked Ruptured Aneurysms: A Subset Analysis of the SMART Registry
Authors: Sattur Mithun G. , Woodward Britton Keith , Park Min S. , Bellon Richard , Zaidat Osama O. , Spiotta Alejandro M. ,   the SMART Registry Investigators
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRupture status and presence of a wide neck are important factors that adversely impact angiographic occlusion after endovascular coiling. A potential strategy to improve occlusion rates in wide‐necked, ruptured aneurysms (WNRA) is modification of coil technology.MethodsWNRA were chosen from the SMART registry that comprises 905 intracranial aneurysms treated with SMART bare platinum coils (Penumbra Inc., Alameda, USA) in the US and Canada. WNRA were defined as neck ≥4 mm, dome‐to‐neck ratio <2, or both. Clinical and angiographic data at presentation and follow‐up were assessed. Outcomes included adequate occlusion rate (Raymond–Roy occlusion class I or II), occlusion at 1 year, and good functional outcome (modified Rankin score 0–2) at 1 year. Angiographic outcome was compared for neck≥4 mm versus <4 mm.ResultsA total of 143 patients (mean age 59.3, 74.1% female) with 143 WNRA were included. Median aneurysm size was 5.8 mm. 46.2% had a neck≥4 mm. Balloon remodeling was used in 35.7% (51/143) and stents in 10.5% (15/143). Intraoperative thromboembolic complication rate was 7.0% (10/143). Overall immediate adequate occlusion rate was 78.3% (112/143); postprocedure occlusion rates were lower (62.1%, 41/66 versus 92.2%, 71/77) for aneurysms with necks ≥4 mm than those with necks <4 mm. At 1 year follow‐up, adequate occlusion was achieved in 82.4% (75/91) patients. Aneurysm occlusion improved in 31.9% (29/91) but worsened in 20.9% (19/91) of all patients at 1 year. Retreatment rate among patients who completed the study was 20.2% (20/99). One instance of intraoperative rupture (0.7%) was noted. Good functional outcome was achieved in 57.7% (41/71).ConclusionThese results suggest that successful embolization of WNRA with new generation SMART coils can be achieved safely. WNRA continue to require assistive techniques at presentation and also retreatment over time. In addition, neck width may have an adverse impact on angiographic outcome.
The Influences of Political Affiliation and Weather-Related Impacts on Climate Change Adaptation in U.S. Cities
Authors: Gurney Rachel M. , Meng Sisi , Rumschlag Samantha , Hamlet Alan F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study examines the influences of state and local political affiliation and local exposure to weather-related impacts on local government climate change adaptation efforts in 88 U.S. cities. Although climate adaptation takes place when cities replace critical infrastructure damaged by severe weather events, little is known about the influence of political affiliation and severe weather events on climate adaptation in a broader sense. Using multiple linear regression models, this study analyzes variations in local government climate adaptation efforts as a function of local gross domestic product (as a control variable), historical weather-related factors [i.e., number of extreme weather events, weather-related economic impact due to property damage, and weather-related human impact (injuries and fatalities)], and state and local political affiliation. The findings of this study indicate that local political affiliation significantly influences local government climate adaptation efforts; however, state political affiliation does not. Further, local weather-related impacts do not appear to affect the likelihood of local government to engage in climate adaptation efforts, even when accounting for potential interactions with local political affiliation. These results support the hypothesis that local political affiliation is a strong and robust predictor of local climate adaptation in U.S. cities. This study contributes to literature aimed at addressing the widely acknowledged need for understanding key barriers to U.S. climate adaptation, as well as the role of politics in moderating climate action.
Vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood associates with intelligence quotient at age 7 years: An Odense child cohort study
Authors: Cantio Emily , Bilenberg Niels , Nørgaard Signe Monrad , Beck Iben Have , Möller Sören , Cantio Cathriona , Jensen Tina Kold , Mortensen Nicoline Bebe , Rasmussen Asta , Christesen Henrik Boye Thybo 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Animal studies indicate a key role for vitamin D in brain development and function, but observational studies in humans only suggests a borderline positive association between prenatal vitamin D exposure and cognitive development in the offspring. Knowledge gaps include insights in exposure time window and differences by sex for the association. We aimed to investigate the association between blood concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured at four different time points and intelligence quotient score at the age of 7 years, including analyses spilt by child sex. Methods: In Odense child cohort, we included 1404 mother–child pairs with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from early pregnancy to age 7 years. Full-scale intelligence quotient was assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – fifth edition. Associations were adjusted for maternal education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational age, sex and head circumference. Subanalyses stratified by sex were performed. Results: The median (interquartile range) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cord was 45.88 (31.15–61.08) nmol/L; early pregnancy, 66.45 (51.29–78.74); late pregnancy, 79.13 (59.69–97.31); 7 years, 66.29 (53.45–80.23) nmol/L. The mean (standard deviation) full-scale intelligence quotient was 99.44 (11.98). In adjusted analyses, cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L was associated with 2.2 points lower full-scale intelligence quotient compared to the reference (50–75 nmol/L) in boys, β = –2.2; 95% confidence interval = [−4.3, –0.1], p = 0.039. The same association with full-scale intelligence quotient was found for early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, β = –2.5 [−4.6, –0.3], p = 0.025, primarily driven by an association in boys, β = –4.0 [−7.2, –0.8], p = 0.015; and for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 7 years in girls, β = –3.0 [−6.0, –0.1], p = 0.042. Conclusion: In this cohort, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L in both early gestation and cord blood in boys and current serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L in girls were independent risk factors for two to four points lower full-scale intelligence quotient at the age of 7 years. Vulnerability to hypovitaminosis D, especially in pregnancy, may relate to child sex.
Efficacy of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation as a Display Modality Dissociated from Self-Orientation
Authors: Smith Kieran J. , Datta Abhishek , Burkhart Cody , Clark Torin K. 
Published: August 2022

Objective We propose and assess galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) as a novel means to provide information dissociated from self-orientation. Background In modern user interfaces, visual and auditory modalities dominate information transfer so much that these “processing channels” become overloaded with information. Fortunately, the brain is capable of processing separate sensory sources in parallel enabling alternative display modalities to inform operators more effectively and without increasing cognitive strain. To date, the vestibular system, normally responsible for sensing self-orientation and helping with balance, has not been considered as a display modality. Method Bilateral GVS was provided at 0.6 mA for 1-second intervals with moderately high-frequency sinusoidal waveforms, designed to not elicit sensations of self-motion. We assessed subjects’ ability to differentiate between two cues of different frequencies. Results We found subjects were able to reliably distinguish between cues with an average just-noticeable difference threshold of only ±12 Hz (range across subjects: 5.4–19.6 Hz) relative to a pedestal cue of 50 Hz. Further, we found the GVS sensory modality to be robust to various environments: walking, standing, sitting, passive motion, and loud background noise. Finally, the application of the GVS cues did not have significant destabilizing effects when standing or walking. Conclusion These results show that GVS may be an effective alternative display modality, using varying frequency to encode information. It is robust to various operational environments and non-destabilizing. Application A fully functional display can convey information to operators of vehicles and other machinery as well as high-performance operators like astronauts and soldiers.
Association Between Cross-Limb Transfer and Practice Organization
Authors: Fernandes Lidiane A. , Apolinário-Souza Tércio , Azevedo Enzo G. , Pinto Joana A. R. , Lage Guilherme Menezes 
Published: August 2022

Although the importance of practice has been evidenced in early studies of cross-limb transfer, the association between cross-limb transfer and practice organization remains unknown. The two primary means of organizing practice are constant practice (CP) and variable practice (VP). When the same generalized motor program governs the motor responses, VP produces better transfer than CP. Thus, we hypothesized that VP would generate a higher cross-limb transfer level than CP. We assigned 40 participants to CP or VP groups and conducted an experiment consisting of three phases: pre-test, practice, and transfer test. At pre-test, all participants practiced eight trials of a sequence key-pressing task with the non-dominant hand (NDH). After the pre-test, all participants performed a practice phase of 72 trials with the dominant hand, but CP and VP groups underwent their different practice schedules (CP or VP) such that the CP group practiced a sequence key-pressing task in one sequence, and the VP group practiced four different sequences randomly. On the transfer test all partcipants completed eight trials with the NDH 24 hours after the practice phase. The CP group showed better performance than the VP group on the transfer test, and we concluded that the effects of practice organization in cross-limb transfer are distinct from intra- and inter-task transfer such that the specificity of practice explained the benefits of CG.
Personality Development Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood: The Role of Life Transitions and Self-Concept Clarity
Authors: de Moor Elisabeth L. , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Becht Andrik I. , Meeus Wim , Branje Susan 
Published: August 2022

Personality develops across the lifespan, but most development occurs in adolescence and young adulthood. Life transitions to new social roles may be important drivers of mean-level personality development. The present study examined mean-level personality development in adolescence and young adulthood, and the role of the transition to tertiary education and working life therein in a sample of Dutch young people that were followed across 14 years ( N = 497, AgeW1 = 13.03 years). We explored whether young people’s self-concept clarity moderated these associations. Our hypotheses and analytical plan were pre-registered. Findings from Latent Growth Models showed support for maturation in personality across adolescence and young adulthood, but not a maturity dip. Having the role of employee was associated with higher conscientiousness, but no associations were found of the transition to tertiary education and the transition to work with mean-level development of any of the personality traits. Self-concept clarity did not moderate the role of transitions in mean-level personality development. Our findings suggest that socialization effects may not explain associations between life transitions and personality development in adolescence and young adulthood.
Predictors of Resilience Among Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse in Institutional Care in Kerala, India
Authors: Thomas Tissy Mariam , George Samuel , Sarma U. Arathi , Prabhakar Biju , Menon J. Anitha 
Published: August 2022

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a trauma that creates havoc in the personal and social lives of CSA survivors. The survivors in Kerala, India, struggle amidst the cultural background that silences CSA. Rehabilitation efforts in the state are channelized through government-run shelter homes that serve as the second home for CSA survivors. Aim: This study aims to examine the role of emotional health and sociodemographic factors in predicting resilience among CSA survivors under institutional care in Kerala. Method: We used a correlational research design with purposive sampling. From shelter homes in Kerala, 267 female participants (age range: 10-18 years, mean age: 16 years) were recruited. A personal data sheet and an emotional health questionnaire (EHQ) were used to collect data. Spearman rank correlation coefficient, linear regression, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Dunn’s post hoc test were used to analyze data. Results: Positive relationships among the emotional health variables namely aggression, anxiety, and depression were found, whereas a negative relationship existed between these variables and resilience. Further analyses found that the emotional health variables significantly predicted the resilience among survivors of CSA. In addition, there exists significant differences in resilience based on sociodemographic variables, such as age, duration of stay, and friendships, but resilience did not vary based on the religion and birthplace of survivors. Conclusion: Results suggest that participants experience moderate levels of emotional distress. Provision for integrated psychological support is recommended in the present rehabilitation process in Kerala. The mentoring relationships developed in the institutions are found to be instrumental in building confidence and hope in the participants, which is reflected in the trends in their resilience scores.
A mindfulness-based cognitive therapy informed virtual psychiatry trainee wellbeing programme: Development and preliminary feedback
Authors: Chacko Emme , Vara Alisha , Cheung Gary , Naskar Chandrima , Ramalho Rodrigo , Bell Rātahi 
Published: August 2022

Objective To report the development and feedback on a newly created mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) informed virtual wellbeing programme for psychiatry trainees. Methods Thirteen of the 14 trainees participated in the programme provided feedback via an online questionnaire. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Thematic analysis revealed three main themes: timing of the intervention in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic; trainees were connected to the facilitator, their peers and within oneself; and trainees were going through a transformative experience. Discussion Our findings support including an optional MBCT informed wellbeing programme in psychiatry training programmes. Future research could measure efficacy of this online programme by utilising pre- and post-outcome measures of dispositional mindfulness and stress.
The effect of core materials on flexural behaviour of sandwich panels with basalt FRP facesheets
Authors: Ding Lining , Jiang Kaidi , Wang Xin , Li Duo , Wu Zhishen , Zhu Zhongguo 
Published: August 2022

The flexural behaviour of sandwich panels with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) facesheets was investigated. A total of 10 sandwich panels were subjected to six-point flexural tests to simulate uniformly distributed loading conditions. The variable parameters were the core thickness (30, 50, 60 and 100 mm), core category (polyurethane [PU], extruded polystyrene [XPS], rock-mineral wool [RW]), and hybrid core (PU+RW and XPS+RW). Finally, the shear distribution coefficient of core material for sandwich panels with BFRP facesheets was modified depending on the experimental data. The experimental results showed that an increase in the PU core thickness significantly increased the flexural strength and rigidity of the sandwich panels. For different core materials, the maximum loads of the panels were positive with the shear strength of the core materials. Whereas, XPS+RW hybrid core not only can significantly decreases the costs, but also exhibits the highest bearing capacity and stiffness as compared with the PU+RW hybrid and PU cores.