bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Size Evaluations in Cockroaches: New Entries
Authors: Monti Manuela , Redi Carlo Alberto , Capanna Ernesto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Ten years ago the main Genome Size (GS) database contained records for 830 insects; although this number has now nearly doubled, 1645 (Gregory 2011 vs Gregory 2021 databases), the paucity of records highlights both the difficulty of animal field trapping and the time-consuming laboratory techniques to evaluate them. Thus, new entries are necessary to reach a satisfactory GS panorama for cockroaches. Results: We report GS values for nine cockroaches (order Blattodea, families Blattidae, Blaberidae and Ectobiidae, ex Blattelidae,), three of which are original additions to the ten already present in the GS database: the death’s head roach (Blaberus craniifer), the Surinam cockroach (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) and the Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae). Three of our values confirm the existing data for the German (Blattella germanica), the oriental (Blatta orientalis) and the giant Mexican (Blabera fusca) cockroaches. Regarding the GS of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the GS database contains two contrasting values (2.72 vs 3.41 pg). We suggest that the 2.72 pg value is likely to be the correct GS as it strikingly similar to our sperm DNA content evaluation (2.80 ± 0.11 pg). Finally, we suggest halving the published GS of the Argentine cockroach Blaptica dubia and the spotted cockroach (the gray cockroach) Nauphoeta cinerea as our estimates come from the evaluation of the sperm DNA content. The data already reported in the literature are based on DNA contents of neural cells (likely polyploid) obtained by grinding entire heads of animals.Conclusions: Although the paucity of the GS data does not allow firm considerations on the possible evolutionary role played by the GS in diversifying cockroach species, we offer two speculative hypotheses that need to be validated by increasing the available GS records: (i) the occurrence of a correlation between increasing 2N chromosome number and GS within the order Blattodea; and (ii) the possible occurrence of a polyploidization phenomenon doubling a basic GS of 0.58 pg of some termite families (superfamily Blattoidea, epifamily Termitoidae) up to the maximum GS value of 3.24 for the Blaberidae family within the order Blattodea (super-order Dictyoptera).
Effects of the Light Irradiance on the Growth and Lipids Content of Amphidinium Carterae (Dinophyceae) for Biofuels Production
Authors: Mendoza-Flores Armando , Galindo-Sánchez Clara Elizabeth , Sánchez-Saavedra M. del Pilar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The irradiance level used to the microalgae cultures can modify the growth and proximate composition, however, this response is specie specific. The dinoflagellate group had the potential to be used as a source to biofuel production. In this study was evaluated the effect of five irradiance levels (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol photon m-2 s­-1) on the growth rate, proximal composition, pigment content, and photosynthesis of Amphidinium carterae. The highest cell concentration was for the cultures at 150 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (130 × 103 cells mL-1), and the lowest values for 50 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (49 × 103 cells mL-1). The cultures maintained under the low irradiance (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1) had the highest values of total dry weight (TDW) (13418 pg cell-1), organic dry weight (ODW) (3836 pg cell-1), and inorganic dry weight (IDW) (9582 pg cell-1). The protein content as the general trend increases significantly concerning the irradiance level, with the higher values (87.47 pg cell-1) at high irradiance (250 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Carbohydrate content was different by the effect of irradiance, with the higher values (32.85 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Lipid content was modified by the effect of irradiance, with the highest values (534.74 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). As a general trend, the high irradiances increased the photosynthesis curves. These findings demonstrate that the strain of A. carterae used in this work can grow in high irradiances (100 to 250 µmol photon m-2 s-1) and increase significantly the lipid content on low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1).
Challenges of COVID-19: the Experience of Bule Hora University Nursing Students (Qualitative Study Approach)
Authors: Gelchu Shiferaw 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 brings several challenges to nursing education that involves both classroom theory and clinical-based practical education. These challenges affect the function of health care and academic institution. The students were vulnerable to the challenges of COVID-19 in the clinical care setting. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of COVID-19 experienced by nursing students during their clinical practice education.
Methods

The qualitative study method used a phenomenological approach. A total of four Focus group discussions were conducted in this study. Each FGD consists of six participants in which twelve from third and twelve from fourth-year nursing students. The Quota sampling technique was applied in this study to enroll study participants. The moderator who fluently speaks the English language and Note taker was involved in the study to guide group discussion and to record the data. ATLAS.ti version-7 software was used for coding and forming quotations.
Results

After data analysis, four main themes and twelve subthemes emerged in this study. The main themes of this study were; Risks to contracting COVID-19, Negative impact on health care, Worry, and Loss of experienced staff.
Conclusion

Nursing students faced many challenges of COVID-19 during clinical practices. These challenges affect nursing students in learning practical skills and health care facilities to provide quality care. The students give emphasize on their learning by implementing COVID-19 prevention protocols. In addition, health care workers focused on safe procedural practices.
What impact have Covid-19 pandemic era on violence against women in India - A retrospective comparative research study from January 2018 to December 2021
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe safety of women is of significance and prime concern in India due to a huge female population, equity issues, gender issues, lack of positive deviance at community level, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to legal help and of course many more factors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had presented a challenge even for developed nations around the world regarding women’s protection in the ongoing pandemic era & especially in the lockdown period when it’s really difficult to go out and shout for help. Aim and ObjectivesThe main aim of this research is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on violence against women in India across different states and union territories from the beginning of pandemic i.e. January 2020. The objective is to find out that the covid-19 era has a positive or negative impact over violence against women. Data from various accredited sources were continuously collected, observed and analysed for this research study. Settings & DesignThe month-wise and state-wise data indicating number of complaints registered with National Commission for Women in India(NCW) under different categories are presented in different table 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8 will be discussed and displayed. The period of study is from January 2018 to 2021 December. This is a retrospective cross-sectional continuous observational qualitative and quantitative as well as comparative study. The two years of covid-19 pandemic i.e. 2020 and 2021 is compared two previous two years to know the impact of covid-19 on violence against women in India.Materials & MethodologyThe data is collected from accredited and reliable sources of National commission for women, India as well as various other sources listed in this research study. The data obtained is analysed by using Microsoft Office software. To reduce the length of article the detailed description and analysis is not provided in this version.ResultIncrease in violence against women in India is seen in this covid-19 pandemic era as compared to pre-pandemic years under observation. See Figure 1 and figure 2:- comparison of number of cases of domestic violence and various forms of violence to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and lockdown situations in India. During the second year of pandemic i.e. 2021 the total numbers of Nature-Wise Report of the Complaints Received by NCW was 30865 which is an increase by 55.03 % compared to 2018 and 56.43 % as compared to 2019.ConclusionIndia should have various strategies to ensure safety of women and their mental health issues in such pandemic like situations. It seems that present laws and regulations are insufficient to give the desired results. The barriers of legal and protective system and delivery of helpful services etc. constraints should be rectified added with a proper dynamic plan to carry on usual women protection services even in pandemics and natural disasters.
The Epilepsy Ontology: a community-based ontology tailored for semantic interoperability and text-mining
Authors: Sargsyan Astghik , Wegner Philipp , Gebel Stephan , Baksi Shounak , Jose Geena Mariya , Lange-Rupprecht Vanessa , Darms Johannes , Schultz Bruce , Klein Jürgen , Jacobs Marc , Ryvlin Philippe , Madan Sumit , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Motivation: Epilepsy is a multi-faceted complex disorder that requires a precise understanding of the classification, diagnosis, treatment, and disease mechanism governing it. Although scattered resources are available on epilepsy, comprehensive and structured knowledge is missing. In contemplation to promote multidisciplinary knowledge exchange and facilitate advancement in clinical management, especially in pre-clinical research, a disease-specific ontology is necessary. The presented ontology is designed to enable better interconnection between scientific community members in the epilepsy domain.Results: The Epilepsy Ontology (EPIO) is an assembly of structured knowledge on various aspects of epilepsy, developed according to Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry principles. Concepts and definitions are collected from the latest International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification, domain-specific ontologies, and scientific literature. This ontology consists of 1,879 classes and 28,151 axioms (2,171 declaration axioms, 2,219 logical axioms) from several aspects of epilepsy. This ontology is intended to be used for data management and text mining purposes.
Dapsone is an anticatalysis for Alzheimer’s disease exacerbation
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon , Kanwar Badar , Lee Chul Joong , Sergi Consolato , Coleman Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated leprosy patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with dapsone (4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS) as a cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and neuroinflammasome competitor.
We searched the Sorokdo National Hospital medical records and the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) from January 2005 to June 2020.
Four groups were defined: Treatment (T) 1: DDS prescription (+) AD prevalence (+), T 2: DDS (+) AD nondiagnosed (-), T 3: DDS nonprescription (-) AD (+), T 4: DDS (-) AD (-). The T1:T3 tests demonstrate that the incidence of AD is significantly reduced in the presence of dapsone among AD patients. The T1:T3 tests demonstrate that the incidence of AD is significantly reduced in the presence of dapsone among AD patients.
T1 (M = 0.18, SD = 0.074):T2 (M = 0.55, SD = 0.14) and T3 (M = 0.18, SD = 0.074):T4 (M = 0.55, SD = 0.14) explain that dapsone effects on AD can be clearly distinguished according to its presence or absence.The T1:T4 and the T2:T3 test demonstrate a causal relationship in which the presence or absence of dapsone determines the onset of AD. The T1:T3 test proved that the incidence of AD was significantly reduced by dapsone. (The t-value is -23.1, p-value is < .00001, significant at p < .05) The T2:T3 test proved that the prevalence of AD was significantly high without dapsone, and without AD was increased with dapsone. (The t-value is -6.38, p-value is < .00001, significant at p < .05)
AD is increased in the absence of dapsone. Our study has demonstrated that dapsone has the potential for the prevention of AD. This study indicates that dapsone is a valid preventive therapeutic for AD.
KEYWORD: Neuroinflmmasome, Alzheimer's disease, Dapsone
A comparative study on Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB composites for As(V) removal from water: preparation, characterization and reaction mechanism
Authors: Jiang Changjin , Zhang Ting , Li Shuhui , Yang Zhaoguang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB composites were prepared using an ionotropic gelation method. Various techniques were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and property of the adsorbents, including SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XPS, and zeta potential. Compared with Fe(III)-chitosan, Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB was more effective for As(V) adsorption at a wide range of pH (3–8). The adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB could reach equilibrium in 20 min, and their maximum adsorption capacities were 33.85 and 31.69 mg g‒1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2=0.998 and 0.992), whereas the adsorption isotherms was fitted well by the Freundlich model (R2=0.963 and 0.987). The presence of H2PO4− significantly inhibited the adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB, and humic acid also led to a slight decrease in As(V) adsorption by Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB. Over 94% of As(V) at the initial concentration of no more than 5 mg L−1 was removed from real water by the two adsorbents. 1% (w/v) NaOH solution was determined to be the most suitable desorption agent. Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB still maintained their initial adsorption capacities after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Based on different characterization results, both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation mechanisms played important roles in As(V) adsorption on Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB.
Optimization of novel single-step gelatin extraction method using RSM model for valorization of surimi industry by-products
Authors: Khushboo  , Kaushik Nutan , Widell Kristina Norne , Slizyte Rasa , Kumari Asha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Surimi industry produces large quantity of by-products as a combination of skin, bones, and scale, which due to technical difficulty in separation, are being currently utilized for production of low- value products such as biofertilizers and fish feed. Present paper focuses on utilization of combined skin, bones, and scale from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicus) obtained from surimi industry for gelatin extraction using single step process. Single step extraction method with acetic acid and water was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to maximize yield and gel strength so that the process can be applied for sustainable utilization. Parameters such as pH (A), extraction temperature (B) and extraction time (C) with respect to yield and L-hydroxyproline content were optimized. Highest gelatin yield was obtained at pH 3, 75°C extraction temperature, and 30 min extraction time. Gelatin yield and L-hydroxyproline content under optimum condition were 16.2% and 41.62 mg.g−1. The chemical composition, functional, rheological, and structural properties of gelatin were examined and compared with commercial bovine gelatin. Gelatin thus obtained at optimized condition exhibited high gel strength (793g) and higher imino acid content (18.1%) than bovine gelatin. FTIR spectra depicted high similarities between both gelatin sample. Thus, the optimized method can be utilized for gelatin extraction from Pink Perch by-products for development of high value products such as food application.
Determination of Biomass Power Plant Location Using GIS-Based Heuristic Methods: A Case Study in Turkey
Authors: AKGÜL Adem , Seçkiner Serap 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Biomass conversion to bioenergy has always been necessary to ensure the most efficient use of the limited biomass resource and enable economic viability. Evaluating biomass transportation cost, electricity transmission cost and heat transferring cost between power plant location/s and supply/demand points and selection of an optimum power plant capacity is an important issue for a robust supply chain design. In this study, we employed designing optimum biomass to the bioenergy supply chain for agricultural activities using Geographic Information System and Simulated Annealing algorithm to overcome a real-world problem in Bismil District of Diyarbakır/Turkey. Our goal is to define a potential investment location/s on the trigeneration system by comparing the trade-offs between the raw material/end-product transportation costs and facility/s and pipeline installation costs. To determine possible locations for power plants, distance matrices were retrieved from suitable candidate power plant locations and agricultural parcel, settlement and the nearest high voltage electricity line from the Geographic Information System. The results showed that establishing one power plant is feasible. The net present value of a potential investment is almost 260 million Euros and the re-payment period is 1.33 years.
Assessing Socioeconomic Drought Based on a Standardized Supply and Demand Water Index
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Chen Xiaohong , Xu Chuang , Wu Pan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Socioeconomic drought is a phenomenon of water shortage caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of water resources in natural and human socioeconomic systems. Occurrence of these droughts is closely related to sustainable socioeconomic development. However, compared with meteorological drought, hydrological drought and agricultural drought, socioeconomic drought has received relatively little attention. Therefore, this paper proposes a universal and relatively simple socioeconomic drought assessment index, the Standardized Supply and Demand Water Index (SSDWI). Taking the Jianjiang River Basin (JJRB) in Guangdong Province, China as an example, socioeconomic drought characteristics and trends during 1985-2019 were analyzed. The return period of different levels of drought were calculated using a copula function to estimate the risk of socioeconomic drought in the basin, and the relationship between socioeconomic, meteorological, and hydrological droughts and their potential drivers were discussed. The results showed that: (1) SSDWI was a better index for characterizing socioeconomic drought in the JJRB. 29 socioeconomic droughts occurred in the basin during the past 35 years, with an average duration of 6.16 months and an average severity of 5.82 per events. Socioeconomic droughts mainly occurred in autumn and winter, which also had more severe droughts than other seasons. (2) In the JJRB, the joint return periods of ‘∪’ and ‘∩’ for moderate drought, severe drought and extreme drought were 8.81a and 10.81a, 16.49a and 26.44a, and 41.68a and 91.13a, respectively; (3) Due to the increasing outflow from Gaozhou Reservoir, the risk of socioeconomic drought and hydrological drought in the JJRB has significantly declined since 2008. The reasonable operation of the reservoir has played an important role in alleviating the hydrological and socioeconomic drought in the basin.
Characteristics and pharmacological treatment options of delirium patients treated at Sanglah Central General Hospital
Authors: Diniari Ni Ketut Sri , Aryani Luh Nyoman Alit 
Published: January 2022

Delirium is a syndrome characterized by disturbances of consciousness and cognition that occur acutely and fluctuate. Delirium can be caused by general medical conditions, drug users, sensory disturbances, polypharmacy, etc. The etiology of delirium is diverse and non-specific. The preference of pharmacological therapy in delirium is still a debate. Descriptive research with the retrospective cross-sectional method, using secondary data in medical records at the Sanglah Central General Hospital Denpasar for the period January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Patients who were consulted were 166 people, with sex 57 people (34.3%) and 109 women (65.7%). The incidence of delirium in adults (20-59 years old) and elderly (age 60 years) is the highest with 51.2% and 45.1% respectively. One-third of 45 people (37.2%) had overlapping dementia. Most of the 142 people (85.5%) were experiencing significant life stress. The most common type of delirium was hyperactive delirium (74%). The underlying disease of delirium varies such as the cause of infection (24.1%), intracranial process (19%), malignancy 18.1%, cardiovascular (10.1%), endocrine disorders,(7.8%), kidney disorders (6%), and others in small percentages.
existence of tourism higher education under the ministry of tourism and creative economy (PTNP) toward Indonesia’s golden generation 2045
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Arifin Muhammad , Rante Margaretha W , Musawantoro Muhammad , Badollahi Muh Zainuddin 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the strategy of Tourism Higher Education (PTNP) operated by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Republic of Indonesia towards vision Indonesia’s Golden Generation 2045. This research is a policy research to solve social problems that aims to identify the implementation of adaptation, innovation, and collaboration strategy. The results of this study indicated that Tourism Higher Education (PTNP) in the face of two main trends, namely globalization and pandemic COVID-19. The winning strategy of Tourism Higher Education (PTNP) were, 1) Adaption strategy, by provided facilities and support the lecturer and faculty members to use hightech and also strictly discipline with CHSE standard to protect the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. 2) Innovation strategy, by using hightech in education and curriculum designed to facilitate long distance learning as well as the development of big data for personnel, finance, logistics and students so that it will facilitate access to information and strategic decision making. 3) Collaboration strategy, by sharing utilization and industry expert on training and education as well as job recruitment and internship program.