bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical modification of wood induced by the traditional making procedures of bowed string musical instruments: the effect of alkaline treatments
Authors: Albano Michela , Comelli Daniela , Fiocco Giacomo , Mattonai Marco , Lucejko Jeannette Jacqueline , Zoia Luca , Colombini Maria Perla , Malagodi Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Over the last few decades, chemical and physical studies on bowed string musical instruments have provided a better understanding of their wooden finished surface. Nevertheless, until now only a few of them investigated the effects of the chemical pre-treatments in the traditional making procedures. Those treatments are believed to affect wood properties, its interaction with the following treatments (i.e. varnish application) and its vibro-mechanical behaviour (that may contribute to the acoustical properties of musical instruments). In this study, two traditional alkaline treatments were applied to reference samples of spruce wood, the wood commonly used to make violins’ soundboards. An integrated analytical strategy, which combines infrared spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography, was employed to investigate the chemical alterations of lignocellulosic polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Results have shown that the selected alkaline treatments induce the partial hydrolysis of the hemicellulose chains and a slight decrease in the crystallinity of cellulose. We could also prove: (i) the cleavage of lignin-carbohydrate complexes formed by the covalent bonds between hemicellulose and lignin in spruce wood, and (ii) the partial breaking of the hydrogen bonds network in cellulose. According to the literature, the alteration of the lignin-carbohydrate complexes is responsible for changes in wood mechanical behaviour. Hence, future perspectives of this research could outline new knowledge on the vibro-mechanical behaviour of the violin soundboard and the consequent acoustics.
Evaluation of bone depth, cortical bone, and mucosa thickness of palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site for miniscrew placement
Authors: Nucera Riccardo , Ciancio Elia , Maino Giuliano , Barbera Serena , Imbesi Emanuela , Bellocchio Angela Mirea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of palatal miniscrew offers the possibility to improve the effectiveness of orthodontic expansion devices. Palatal expanders supported by miniscrew can be applied with different clinical protocols. Some authors proposed the use of four palatal miniscrews during miniscrew-supported palatal expansion to maximize skeletal effects in young adults’ treatment. However, bone availability decreases in the posterior paramedian palatal regions, making the positioning of the two-posterior paramedian palatal miniscrews challenging, when it is performed avoiding nasal cavities invasion. Some authors proposed miniscrews insertion in a specific region located laterally to the palatal process of the maxillary bone, and apically relatively to the dento-alveolar process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone thickness, cortical bone thickness, and mucosae depth of this anatomical site that, in this study, was defined as palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site.

Results
The evaluation of bone availability of palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site at different antero-posterior levels showed that the maximum amount of total bone thickness was found between the second premolar and the first molar. At this level total bone, thickness is significantly (p < .05) greater compared to the other sagittal sites and it offers on average around 2 mm of extra bone depth for miniscrew placement. Cortical bone thickness is adequate for primary miniscrew stability. Overall, cortical bone thickness considered at different insertion sites showed significant statistically (p < .05) differences. The findings of this study showed that palatal mucosa is particularly thick with average values ranging from 4 to 7 mm, and its extension ultimately affects miniscrew length selection. Palatal mucosa thickness showed no clinically significant differences comparing different sagittal and vertical insertion sites. Data also showed that palatal mucosal thickness slightly significantly increases (p < .05) with the inclination of the insertion axis relative to the occlusal plane. Finally, study findings showed that vertical growth pattern can significantly affect considered outcomes (p < .05).

Conclusions
Palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site is an appropriate site for posterior insertion of palatal miniscrews. Considering high anatomical variation preliminary CBCT evaluation is important to achieve optimal miniscrew placement.
Complaints of reduced cognitive functioning during perimenopause: a cross-sectional analysis of the Japan Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Hayashi Kunihiko , Ideno Yuki , Nagai Kazue , Lee Jung-Su , Yasui Toshiyuki , Kurabayashi Takumi , Takamatsu Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Many women experience various symptoms during the period of menopausal transition, including complaints of reduced cognitive functioning. However, these complaints are not necessarily recognized as core menopausal symptoms. In this study, we sought to characterize subjective complaints of reduced cognitive functioning by analyzing cross-sectional data from the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS).

Methods
The JNHS 4-year follow-up questionnaire containing a 21-item climacteric symptom checklist, which included a question about “poor memory or forgetfulness”, was mailed between 2005 and 2011 to all JNHS participants, regardless of their age at the time of the survey. We estimated the prevalence of slight and severe complaints in 5-year age-groups. We used principal component analysis to explore the underlying factors among the 21 symptoms during the menopausal transition period in women aged 45–54 years at the time of the survey. We also examined risk factors for complaints using multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis.

Results
In total, 12,507 women responded to the 4-year survey. The mean age at the time of the 4-year survey was 46.5 years (range 27–82). “Poor memory or forgetfulness” showed a peak prevalence of 81.7% (severe 27.9%; slight 53.8%) at 50–54 years, and gradually decreased after 55 years. Principal component analysis indicated that “poor memory or forgetfulness” belonged to somatic symptoms and was close to psychological symptoms in women aged 45–54 years. In women aged 45–54 years, the complaint was also significantly associated with hot flashes and sweats. Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis showed that menopausal status (uncertain and postmenopausal), less sleep (sleep of < 5 h and sleep of 5– < 6 h), night-shift work, and severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) were significantly associated with the prevalence of severe complaints of reduced cognitive functioning in women aged 45–54 years.

Conclusions
We found that prevalence of “poor memory or forgetfulness” was highest during the menopausal transition period and among perimenopausal women. This subjective complaint was associated with somatic, psychological complaints and VMS. It may be useful for women with cognitive problems in the transition period to consider management of comorbid menopausal symptoms.
Pushing the frontiers of military medical excellence: updates, progress and future needs
Authors: Seah Jun Jie , Wang De-Yun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince its establishment in 2014, Military Medical Research has come a long way in becoming a premier journal for scientific articles from various different specialties, with a special emphasis on topics with military relevance. The field of military medicine may be obscure, and may not be readily encountered by the typical clinician on a day-to-day basis. This journal aims not only to pursue excellence in military research, but also to keep current with the latest advancements on general medical topics from each and every specialty. This editorial serves to recap and synthesize the existing progress, updates and future needs of military medical excellence, discussing foremostly the unique traits of literature published in this journal, and subsequently presenting the discourse regarding wartime and peacetime medicine, the role of the military in a public health emergency, as well as wound healing and organ regeneration. Special attention has been devoted to military topics to shed light on the effects of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive warfare, environmental medicine and military psychiatry, topics which rarely have a chance to be discussed elsewhere. The interconnectedness between military combat and soldier physical and mental well-being is intricate, and has been distorted by pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This journal has come a long way since its first article was published, steadily contributing to the existing knowledge pool on general medical topics with a military slant. Only with continuous research and sharing, can we build upon the work of the scientific community, with hopes for the betterment of patient care.
To jump or not to jump: momentum of jumps in crude oil price volatility prediction
Authors: Zhang Yaojie , Wang Yudong , Ma Feng , Wei Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA well-documented finding is that explicitly using jumps cannot efficiently enhance the predictability of crude oil price volatility. To address this issue, we find a phenomenon, “momentum of jumps” (MoJ), that the predictive ability of the jump component is persistent when forecasting the oil futures market volatility. Specifically, we propose a strategy that allows the predictive model to switch between a benchmark model without jumps and an alternative model with a jump component according to their recent past forecasting performance. The volatility data are based on the intraday prices of West Texas Intermediate. Our results indicate that this simple strategy significantly outperforms the individual models and a series of competing strategies such as forecast combinations and shrinkage methods. A mean–variance investor who targets a constant Sharpe ratio can realize the highest economic gains using the MoJ-based volatility forecasts. Our findings survive a wide variety of robustness tests, including different jump measures, alternative volatility measures, various financial markets, and extensive model specifications.
Real-time elastography “FibroScan” compared to simple non-invasive screening tools in the assessment of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients
Authors: Shamseya Ayman Mohamed , Afify Mohamed Tamer , Fayad Hussam Ahmed Shawki , Elshafey Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its subtype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are increasing worldwide. NASH is characterized by active liver inflammation with severe consequences including progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. In Egypt, the prevalence of NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound is about 65.3% in children and 62.7% in adults. Liver biopsy, the only reliable method of differentiating simple steatosis from NASH, has a major disadvantage of being an invasive procedure with various complications. Serum tests have limitations including non-specificity for liver inflammation and affection by clearance rates. This study aimed to assess the reliability of simple non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis (namely fibrosis-4 “FIB-4” score and NAFLD fibrosis score) in comparison with real-time elastography (RTE or FibroScan) in patients diagnosed with NAFLD.

Patients and methods
This observational prospective case–control study was conducted on 100 cases with NAFLD and 30 healthy subjects. All patients and controls were subjected to serological (FIB-4 score and NAFLD fibrosis score) and radiological (ultrasonography and RTE) assessments of liver fibrosis.

Results
In advanced FIB-4 score ≥ F3, there was a good correlation between the findings of the RTE and each of the FIB-4 scores (with a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 93.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 60%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.8%, with a total accuracy of 93%), NAFLD fibrosis score (with a sensitivity of 52.6%, specificity of 93.8%, PPV of 66.7%, NPV of 89.4%, with a total accuracy of 86%), and grading of steatosis by ultrasound.

Conclusions
RTE is beneficial in diagnosing and assessing NAFLD, especially in advanced cases “F3 and beyond.”
In-situ neutron-transmutation for substitutional doping in 2D layered indium selenide based phototransistor
Authors: Guo Zhinan , Zeng Yonghong , Meng Fanxu , Qu Hengze , Zhang Shengli , Hu Shipeng , Fan Sidi , Zeng Haibo , Cao Rui , Prasad Paras N. , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeutron-transmutation doping (NTD) has been demonstrated for the first time in this work for substitutional introduction of tin (Sn) shallow donors into two-dimensional (2D) layered indium selenide (InSe) to manipulate electron transfer and charge carrier dynamics. Multidisciplinary study including density functional theory, transient optical absorption, and FET devices have been carried out to reveal that the field effect electron mobility of the fabricated phototransistor is increased 100-fold due to the smaller electron effective mass and longer electron life time in the Sn-doped InSe. The responsivity of the Sn-doped InSe based phototransistor is accordingly enhanced by about 50 times, being as high as 397 A/W. The results show that NTD is a highly effective and controllable doping method, possessing good compatibility with the semiconductor manufacturing process, even after device fabrication, and can be carried out without introducing any contamination, which is radically different from traditional doping methods.
Stuart Hall and the Absent Irish
Authors: Beatty Aidan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStuart Hall was undoubtedly one of the key theorists of late twentieth-century British politics and one of the most important leaders in the development of a serious understanding of race and racism in British society. This short review essay examines the odd ways in which Ireland and Irishness are only nominally present—and thus, in a real sense, absent—in his voluminous writings. Given the centrality of Irishness to the deep history of race in Britain and the role played by fears of Irish terrorism in Thatcherism, both central concerns of Hall’s, this is a major lacuna. This essay offers some speculative assessments as to why Hall generally ignored Ireland and draws a connection to the broad context of the British Left, which had (and still has) similar blind spots.
A Queer Lesbian Feminist Ecopoetics
Authors: Train Emma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe author elaborates the intersection of environmental theory and queer theory through a reading of the figure of the lesbian, which scholars, like Robyn Wiegman, Valerie Traub, and Lynne Huffer, have recently used to argue for a more nuanced reconsideration of gender in contemporary queer theory and queer studies. The author argues that the burgeoning field of queer ecopoetics can offer a productive response to recent calls to forge feminism alongside queer theory. The author takes the poet Muriel Rukeyser (1913–80) as a case study for a queer, lesbian, feminist ecopoetic praxis. Through a reading of three poems, the author demonstrates that, for Rukeyser, questioning human ontological boundaries is inextricable from her exploration of queer human desire, and especially inextricable from her vision of queer futurity. Furthermore, this essay shows how queer ecopoetics offers a common ground for the beyond-human, kinship-building impulses of environmental thought and for queer theory's congruent impulses of erotic and world-building relationality (as best illustrated in José Esteban Muñoz's Cruising Utopia). The author contends that what most cogently binds ecopoetics to queer theory is a deep commitment to anti-anthropogenic ethical praxis, which parallels the ethics described by Lee Edelman as a radical challenge to the social itself.
Imaging the onset of oscillatory signaling dynamics during mouse embryo gastrulation
Authors: Falk Henning J. , Tomita Takehito , Mönke Gregor , McDole Katie , Aulehla Alexander 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A fundamental requirement for embryonic development is the coordination of signaling activities in space and time. A notable example in vertebrate embryos is found during somitogenesis, where gene expression oscillations linked to the segmentation clock are synchronized across cells in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and result in tissue-level wave patterns. To examine their onset during mouse embryo development, we studied the dynamics of the segmentation clock gene Lfng during gastrulation. To this end, we established an imaging setup using selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) that enables culture and simultaneous imaging of up to four embryos (‘SPIM- for-4’). Using SPIM-for-4, combined with genetically encoded signaling reporters, we detected the onset of Lfng oscillations within newly formed mesoderm at presomite stages. Functionally, we found that initial synchrony and the first ∼6-8 oscillation cycles occurred even when Notch signaling was impaired, revealing similarities to previous findings made in zebrafish embryos. Finally, we show that a spatial period gradient is present at the onset of oscillatory activity, providing a potential mechanism accounting for our observation that wave patterns build up gradually over the first oscillation cycles.
Identification of a stretch of four discontinuous amino acids involved in regulating kinase activity of IGF1R
Authors: Qadir Bhat Aadil , Owais Ayaz Mir , Hussain Razak , Dar Mohmmad Saleem , Hossain Md Mehedi , Showket Farheen , Dar Mohd Saleem , Akhter Yusuf , Dar Mohd Jamal 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
IGF1R is pursued as a therapeutic target because of its abnormal expression in various cancers. Recently, we reported the presence of a putative allosteric inhibitor binding pocket in IGF1R that could be exploited for developing novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we examined the role of nine highly conserved residues surrounding this binding pocket, with the aim of screening compound libraries in order to develop small-molecule allosteric inhibitors of IGF1R. We generated GFP fusion constructs of these mutants to analyze their impact on subcellular localization, kinase activity and downstream signaling of IGF1R. K1055H and E1056G were seen to completely abrogate the kinase activity of IGF1R, whereas R1064K and L1065A were seen to significantly reduce IGF1R kinase activity. During molecular dynamics analysis, various structural and conformational changes were observed in different conserved regions of mutant proteins, particularly in the activation loop, compromising the kinase activity of IGF1R. These results show that a stretch of four discontinuous residues within this newly identified binding pocket is critical for the kinase activity and structural integrity of IGF1R.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Experimental Characterization of the Aerodynamic Wake of a High-Clearance Sprayer with Changing Operating Parameters
Authors: Paulson Ian W. P. , Gerspacher Justin , Gagnon Benjamin J. , Landry Hubert , Sumner David , Bergstrom Donald J. 
Published: June 2022

HighlightsAir velocity data were measured at seven lateral positions across the width of a modern high-clearance sprayer at multiple vertical and downstream locations relative to the nozzles. Velocity components were measured in three directions.Complex flow patterns were present behind the sprayer tractor and rear tires. An upward velocity component was measured below and downstream of the nozzles at many of the sensor locations.Elevated turbulent kinetic energy was measured downstream of the structural elements required for reconfiguring the boom structure into the transport position.Abstract. With growing pressure for increased efficiency and productivity on large farms throughout North America, high-clearance sprayers have become large machines that are operated at relatively high speed when applying pesticides during the growing season. Minimizing pesticide drift remains paramount to the safe and responsible operation of these machines. With the aim of both improving the understanding of high-clearance sprayer wake features, and to aid in the validation of numerical models of a full-scale sprayer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), time-averaged velocity components and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the wake of a sprayer were measured and reported during simulated field operation. Data were collected at various locations in the wake of a sprayer at two operating speeds (4 and 11 m s-1) at two boom heights. Ultrasonic anemometers were located directly behind the sprayer, immediately beside the sprayer tractor, and farther down the boom away from the influence of the tractor. Complex flow patterns were present behind the sprayer tractor and rear tires. An upward velocity component was measured below and downstream of the nozzles at many of the sensor locations. The magnitude of turbulence, upward velocity, and velocity deficit generally increased as the reference airspeed (travel speed combined with headwind contributions) increased. A lower boom height reduced the severity of these detrimental wake characteristics near the sprayer tractor; in general, a lower boom is known to reduce the potential of spray drift. Overall, this experimental study illustrates the variation in wake features behind a modern high-clearance sprayer under different operating conditions. Keywords: High-clearance sprayer, Spray drift, Turbulent wake, Ultrasonic anemometer.