bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kindergastroenterologische und hepatologische Versorgung in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer deutschlandweiten Umfrage
Authors: Zernickel Maria , Krahl Andreas , Buderus Stephan , Hach Sascha , Melchior Ralph , Saadi Slim , Dammann Soehnke , Classen Martin , Posovszky Carsten 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Kinder und Jugendliche mit chronischen Magen-, Darm-, Pankreas-, und Lebererkrankungen benötigen eine altersgerechte und qualifizierte Behandlung. Anhand einer repräsentativen Umfrage wird die strukturelle und personelle ambulante und stationäre Versorgung von Kindern mit chronischen Magen-, Darm-, Pankreas- und Lebererkrankungen in Deutschland analysiert.
Methodik 319 Kliniken für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin sowie 50 kindergastroenterologische Praxen in Deutschland wurden eingeladen, an der anonymen Online-Umfrage über EFS Survey teilzunehmen. Es wurden die Struktur der Einrichtungen, Weiterbildungsbefugnisse, Kooperationen, Behandlungs- bzw. Betreuungsdaten und eine Einschätzung des Versorgungsbedarfs systematisch erfasst und deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse An der Umfrage haben 81 Kliniken und 10 Praxen teilgenommen. Fast zwei Drittel der Kliniken (n=52) erbringen ambulante kindergastroenterologische Leistungen. Meist bis zu 10 (25,4%) oder 20 Stunden/Woche (33,8%). Ein Viertel der Kliniken bietet keine Sprechstunden an. Der ambulante Versorgungsbedarf kann von zwei Dritteln der Institutionen nicht gedeckt werden. Die Hälfte aller Kliniken gab an, dass der stationäre kindergastroenterologische Versorgungsbedarf gedeckt werden kann. Ein Drittel kann diesen jedoch nicht abdecken und nur selten gibt es ungenutzte Kapazitäten. 35 Kliniken (43,2%) verfügen über eine Weiterbildungsbefugnis gemäß Landesärztekammer (n=33) und/oder sind Weiterbildungszentrum der Gesellschaft für pädiatrische Gastroenterologie und Ernährung (GPGE) (n=18).
Schlussfolgerung Es besteht sowohl ein ambulantes als auch stationäres Versorgungsdefizit in der Kinder- und Jugendgastroenterologie. Dieses resultiert unter anderem aus den ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen und Personalmangel. Gut ausgebildete Fachärzt*innen mit Spezialisierung in Kinder- und Jugendgastroenterologie werden für eine flächendeckende qualifizierte Versorgung weiterhin benötigt. Zukünftige Studien sollten auch den kindergastroenterologischen Versorgungsbedarf aus Sicht anderer Gruppen einbeziehen, wie betroffener Patienten*innen, internistischer Gastroenterolog*innen und niedergelassener Kinder- und Jugendärzt*innen.
Circulating Thrombomodulin: Release Mechanisms, Measurements, and Levels in Diseases and Medical Procedures
Authors: Boron Mallorie , Hauzer-Martin Tiffany , Keil Joseph , Sun Xue-Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThrombomodulin (TM) is a type-I transmembrane protein that is mainly expressed on endothelial cells and plays important roles in many biological processes. Circulating TM of different forms are also present in biofluids, such as blood and urine. Soluble TM (sTM), comprised of several domains of TM, is the major circulating TM which is generated by either enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the intact protein under different conditions. Under normal conditions, sTM is present in low concentrations (<10 ng/mL) in the blood but is elevated in several pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, infection, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, sTM level has been examined for monitoring disease development, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently. In addition, microvesicles (MVs) that contain membrane TM (MV-TM) have been found to be released from activated cells which also contribute to levels of circulating TM in certain diseases. Several release mechanisms of sTM and MV-TM have been reported, including enzymatic, chemical, and TM mutation mechanisms. Measurements of sTM and MV-TM have been developed and explored as biomarkers in many diseases. In this review, we summarize all these advances in three categories as follows: (1) release mechanisms of circulating TM, (2) methods for measuring circulating TM in biological samples, and (3) correlation of circulating TM with diseases. Altogether, it provides a whole picture of recent advances on circulating TM in health and disease.
Rapid and label-free detection of Aflatoxin-B1 via microfluidic electrochemical biosensor based on manganese (III) oxide (Mn3O4) synthesized by co-precipitation route at room temperature
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Dhiman Tarun Kumar , Lakshmi G B V S , Raj Rishi , Jha Sandeep Kumar , Solanki Pratima R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin, naturally occurring in food items, and it causes several types of lethal diseases. Therefore, a rapid and convenient detection method for AFB1 is the first step toward overcoming the effect of AFB1. The current work presents the development of an efficient microfluidic electrochemical-based biosensor using tri-manganese tetroxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4 nps) for AFB1 detection. The Mn3O4 nps were synthesized at room temperature through the co-precipitation route. Its phase purity, structural and morphological studies have been characterized through x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mask-less UV-lithography was carried out to fabricate the three-electrode chip and microfluidic channel of the microfluidic electrochemical biosensing system. The designed microfluidic immunosensor (BSA/Ab-AFB1/Mn3O4/ITO) was fabricated using the three-electrode chip, microfluidic channel in poly-dimethyl siloxane. The fabricated sensor exhibited the 3.4 μA ml ng−1 cm−2 sensitivity and had the lowest lower detection limit of 0.295 pg ml−1 with the detection range of 1 pg ml−1 to 300 ng ml−1. Additionally, the spiked study was also performed with this immunoelectrode and a recovery rate was obtained of 108.2%.
Highly luminescent pH-responsive carbon quantum dots for cell imaging
Authors: Fan Xiaohui , Wang Yang , Li Bo , Shen Chang , Sun Zhengguang , Zhan Yuan , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CDs) have attracted tremendous interest owing to their idiosyncratic functions and wide-ranging applications. However, it remains a great challenge to empolder an integrated CDs combining high luminescence, biocompatibility and luminescence color tunability for bioimaging via simple approach. In this work, pH-responsive carbon quantum dots (Si-CDs) with high luminescence (quantum yield = 74.8%) were fabricated by one-step hydrothermal method using (3-mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH-580) as modifier for the first time. The optical properties of the as-prepared Si-CDs can be controlled from obvious green–blue–violet transformation by altering the pH. More importantly, the change is reversible and repeatable. In addition, the Si-CDs have good biocompatibility and chemically inert in vitro cell system simulation. Such non-toxic, environmental friendly, low-cost, inert CDs materials are promising candidates for biomedical and pH-sensitive sensors.
Dynamic growth/etching model for the synthesis of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides via chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Pollmann Erik , Maas André , Marnold Dave , Hucht Alfred , Neubieser Rahel-Manuela , Stief Mike , Madauß Lukas , Schleberger Marika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The preparation of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides on an industrially relevant scale will rely heavily on bottom-up methods such as chemical vapour deposition. In order to obtain sufficiently large quantities of high-quality material, a knowledge-based optimization strategy for the synthesis process must be developed. A major problem that has not yet been considered is the degradation of materials by etching during synthesis due to the high growth temperatures. To address this problem, we introduce a mathematical model that accounts for both growth and, for the first time, etching to describe the synthesis of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. We consider several experimental observations that lead to a differential equation based on several terms corresponding to different supply mechanisms, describing the time-dependent change in flake size. By solving this equation and fitting two independently obtained experimental data sets, we find that the flake area is the leading term in our model. We show that the differential equation can be solved analytically when only this term is considered, and that this solution provides a general description of complex growth and shrinkage phenomena. Physically, the dominance suggests that the supply of material via the flake itself contributes most to its net growth. This finding also implies a predominant interplay between insertion and release of atoms and their motion in the form of a highly dynamic process within the flake. In contrast to previous assumptions, we show that the flake edges do not play an important role in the actual size change of the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide flakes during chemical vapour deposition.
Atomistic Hartree theory of twisted double bilayer graphene near the magic angle
Authors: Cheung Christopher T S , Goodwin Zachary A H , Vitale Valerio , Lischner Johannes , Mostofi Arash A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twisted double bilayer graphene (tDBLG) is a moiré material that has recently generated significant interest because of the observation of correlated phases near the magic angle. We carry out atomistic Hartree theory calculations to study the role of electron–electron interactions in the normal state of tDBLG. In contrast to twisted bilayer graphene, we find that such interactions do not result in significant doping-dependent deformations of the electronic band structure of tDBLG. However, interactions play an important role for the electronic structure in the presence of a perpendicular electric field as they screen the external field. Finally, we analyze the contribution of the Hartree potential to the crystal field, i.e. the on-site energy difference between the inner and outer layers. We find that the on-site energy obtained from Hartree theory has the same sign, but a smaller magnitude compared to previous studies in which the on-site energy was determined by fitting tight-binding results to ab initio density-functional theory (DFT) band structures. To understand this quantitative difference, we analyze the ab initio Kohn–Sham potential obtained from DFT and find that a subtle interplay of electron–electron and electron–ion interactions determines the magnitude of the on-site potential.
Arbitrating financial disputes—are they different and what lies ahead?
Authors: Blair William , Uyar Gökçe , Cheng Grace , Zhao Yang 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The subject of this article is arbitrating financial disputes that arise from financings and financial products, usually in the international context, and typically of higher value. The article looks at how the subject has developed in China’s financial markets, as well as those of the West. It concludes that some financial disputes do have different characteristics from other commercial disputes, depending on the type of dispute in question. Though financial transactions often provide for the courts to have jurisdiction, particularly the courts of major financial centres, arbitration is in fact also widely used in financial disputes. An important consideration for financial institutions is the recent and widespread introduction of rules as to ‘early determination’ by many arbitral institutions. A potentiality of these is to make arbitration more ‘finance friendly’ for financial institutions, and their counterparties, but there remains a reluctance on the part of tribunals to use them. Some of the principal components of the practical application of ‘early determination’ provisions are clarified in the article. Finally, some views are offered on what may lie ahead for the arbitration of financial disputes, particularly in the field of technology and green finance.
Compatibility in the Law of Treaties and Stability in International Law
Authors: Costelloe Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Questions concerning ‘compatibility’ in the law of treaties have been at the heart of international disputes in recent years. The answers to these questions can have potentially significant repercussions for several areas of international co-operation. A fundamental premise of international law operates in the background to courts’ and tribunals’ approach to questions regarding compatibility in the law of treaties: the idea that, where possible, existing treaty relations should remain in place. That objective of maintaining stable treaty relations, while infrequently articulated, is central to the legal and political relations among states. This article explores the ways in which the concept of compatibility in the law of treaties is informed by that objective.
Red herring pathogenic variants: a case report of premature ventricular contraction-triggered ventricular fibrillation with an incidental pathogenic LMNA variant
Authors: Garmany Ramin , Neves Raquel , Ali Ahmed Fatima , Tester David J. , Cannon Bryan C. , Giudicessi John R. , Ackerman Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Pathogenic variants in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) can lead to a wide range of phenotypes from dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies and conduction abnormalities to partial lipodystrophies. This case highlights a coincidental pathogenic LMNA variant identified in a patient with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). We demonstrate the need for careful interpretation of pathogenic variants identified in cardiomyopathy genes by highlighting a case in which a coincidental pathogenic LMNA variant was found in a patient with premature ventricular complex (PVC)-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Case summary
We present the case of a 16-year-old male with SCA secondary to VF. Genetic testing identified a maternally inherited pathogenic variant in LMNA annotated c.1961dup; p.T655Nfs*49. The patient received an implantable cardiac defibrillator and was discharged on nadolol. The patient’s two brothers were also variant-positive. However, the patient and both brothers had normal chamber dimensions on echocardiogram and no late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The family members with the variant were recommended to have prophylactic implantable cardiac defibrillators and thus sought a second opinion. The patient received an appropriate shock and device interrogation identified PVCs. Electrophysiology study identified PVC-induced VF which was ablated with no recurrent ventricular arrhythmias/implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies over 8 months of follow-up. Although the variant in LMNA could lead to cardiac arrest, the clinical phenotype was consistent with a non-genetic aetiology. The family members were told to have periodic cardiac evaluation.

Discussion
This case demonstrates the identification of a coincidental pathogenic variant in a cardiomyopathy gene in a patient with cardiac arrest. Although this variant could lead to cardiomyopathy, it appears the cardiac arrest was not due to the pathogenic variant. This highlights the need to consider the clinical phenotype when interpreting genetic test results for cardiomyopathies even in the presence of a positive genetic test result.
Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance for detection of COVID-19 at a residential private college
Authors: Landstrom Michelle , Braun Evan , Larson Ellen , Miller Merrill , Holm Geoffrey H 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany colleges and universities utilized wastewater surveillance testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA as a tool to help monitor and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic on campuses across the USA during the 2020–2021 academic year. We sought to assess the efficacy of one such program by analyzing data on relative wastewater RNA levels from residential buildings in relation to SARS-CoV-2 cases identified through individual surveillance testing, conducted largely independent of wastewater results. Almost 80% of the cases on campus were associated with positive wastewater tests, resulting in an overall positive predictive value of 79% (Chi square 48.1, Df = 1, P &lt; 0.001). However, half of the positive wastewater samples occurred in the two weeks following the return of a student to the residence hall following the 10-day isolation period, and therefore were not useful in predicting new infections. When these samples were excluded, the positive predictive value of a positive wastewater sample was 54%. Overall, we conclude that the continued shedding of viral RNA by patients past the time of potential transmission confounds the identification of new cases using wastewater surveillance, and decreases its effectiveness in managing SARS-CoV-2 infections on a residential college campus.
Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveals new insights into the molecular foundation of fruit quality formation in Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Authors: Chu Shunpeng , Wang Shuoshuo , Zhang Ruimin , Yin Mengmeng , Yang Xiaoyu , Shi Qinghua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis was used to explore the molecular foundation of fruit quality in two parent lines of Citrullus lanatus with distinct flesh characteristics, including ‘14-1’ (sweet, red, and soft) and ‘W600’ (bitter, light yellow, and firm), as well as the corresponding F1 population (bitter, light yellow, and firm). Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the fruit samples: 3766 DEGs for ‘14-1’ vs. ‘W600’, 2767 for ‘14-1’ vs. F1, and 1178 for F1 vs. ‘W600’ at the transition stage; and 4221 for ‘14-1’ vs. ‘W600’, 2447 for ‘14-1’ vs. F1, and 446 for F1 vs. ‘W600’ at the maturity stage. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that a gene module including 1111 DEGs was closely associated with flesh taste and color, and another gene module including 1575 DEGs contributed significantly to flesh texture. The metabolomic results showed that there were 447 differential metabolites (DMs) for ‘14-1’ vs. ‘W600’ fruits, 394 for ‘14-1’ vs. F1, and 298 for F1 vs. ‘W600’ at the maturity stage. Combining WGNCA and metabolomic results, several DEGs and DMs were further identified as hub players in fruit quality formation: 6 DEGs with 4 DMs for flesh sweetness; 6 DEGs with 13 DMs for bitterness; 9 DEGs with 10 DMs for flesh color; and 9 DEGs with 4 DMs for flesh texture. Altogether, these observations not only expand our knowledge of the molecular basis of fruit quality in watermelon, but also provide potential targets for future watermelon improvement.
The antimicrobial interventions of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) in mitigating cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens during the retail soaking process
Authors: Jung Yangjin , Guo Mengqi , Gao Jingwen , Jang Hyein , Matthews Karl R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of commercially available antimicrobials for fresh produce—electrolyzed water (EW; around 60 mg/L of free chlorine), a combination of lactic acid and phosphoric acid-based (LPA) and citric acid-based (CA)—was compared with tap water (TW) in preventing cross-contamination during the soaking step of crisping at a retail setting. A bunch of cilantro ((103.7±14.9) g/bunch) was inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, S. enterica and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), or E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes (around 5.0 log CFU/g). One inoculated and seven non-inoculated cilantro bunches were soaked in 76 L of TW, EW, LPA, and CA for 5 min. Two additional soakings, each with eight bunches of non-inoculated cilantro, were performed in the same soaking water. To determine the cross-contamination of inoculated foodborne pathogens via soaking water, the cilantro samples and soaking water following each soaking step were subjected to microbiological analyses using selective media supplemented with nalidixic acid (100 μg/mL). During the first soaking, significantly greater reductions in Salmonella ((2.9±0.5) log CFU/g), E. coli O157:H7 ((3.0±0.1) log CFU/g), and L. monocytogenes ((2.7±0.3) log CFU/g) on cilantro were achieved with EW compared to soaking with TW, LPA, and CA (P&lt;0.05). Cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens from inoculated cilantro to non-inoculated cilantro was completely mitigated by EW during three subsequent soaking events. With the exception of TW soaking water, no inoculated foodborne pathogens were detected in the 100 mL soaking water of EW, CA, and LPA collected. Including an appropriate concentration of chemical antimicrobial in water during the soaking step of crisping aids in mitigating cross-contamination of foodborne pathogen(s) in cilantro bunches.
S-wave modelling of the Showa-Shinzan lava dome in Usu Volcano, Northern Japan, from seismic observations
Authors: Takeo Akiko , Nishida Kiwamu , Aoyama Hiroshi , Ishise Motoko , Kai Takeru , Kurihara Ryo , Maeda Takuto , Mizutani Yuta , Nakashima Yuki , Nagahara Shogo , Wang Xiaowen , Ye Lingling , Akuhara Takeshi , Aoki Yosuke 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY
To obtain an internal S-wave velocity structure, we conducted a passive seismic campaign with 21 1-Hz seismometers on and around the Showa-Shinzan lava dome, which emerged during the 1943–1945 eruption of Usu Volcano, Japan. Before the campaign, we calibrated seismometers and found slight phase-response differences between seismometers of less than 1–2°. After the campaign, we extracted seismic wavefield by taking cross-correlations of vertical-component ambient noise records between seismic sites. We developed a new method to measure phase velocities of the Rayleigh wave automatically by assuming layered structure and finally obtained 1-D S-wave velocity models in summit, roof and base regions. The obtained S-wave velocity right beneath the intruded lava dome is higher than that in surrounding areas by a few tens of per cent down to a few hundred metres below sea level, indicating narrow but deep existence of the root of the lava dome. The obtained S-wave velocity at depths shallower than ∼50 m inside the lava dome in the summit area was ∼1 km s−1, significantly lower than that predicted from the density of 2.3 × 103 kg m−3 estimated in previous muon-radiography studies and a conventional scaling, indicating the effect of cracking in the lava dome.
Worm Control on Cabbage, 1985
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Edelson J. V. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Greenback YR’ variety cabbage was seeded on 5 Sept into 40 inch rows at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, TX. Soil type was a Willacy fine sandy loam. Plots measured 50 ft by 2 rows and were bordered by one row of grain sorghum. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 5 Nov through a C02 powered ground ,\ iprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre (30 psi, 4 flat-fan nozzles per plot). Efficacy was evaluated 3 and 7 days post-spray by counting larvae on 10 randomly ; Mlected plants per plot.
Control of Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper on Cabbage, 1986
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 19 Jun at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of 2 10 ft rows on 36 inch centers with 16 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A 2 row tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles/row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 psi, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Treatments were applied on 22 Sep and evaluated 29 Sep. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting 2 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting larval populations.