bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Financial and Nonfinancial Conflicts of Interest and Quality of Evidence Underlying Psoriatic Arthritis Clinical Practice Guidelines: Analysis of Personal Payments From Pharmaceutical Companies and Authors’ Self‐Citation Rate in Japan and the United States
Authors: Mamada Hanano , Murayama Anju , Kamamoto Sae , Kaneda Yudai , Yoshida Makoto , Sugiura Sota , Yamashita Erika , Kusumi Eiji , Saito Hiroaki , Sawano Toyoaki , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Vassar Matt , Ozieranski Piotr , Ozaki Akihiko 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo assess financial conflicts of interest (COI) and nonfinancial COI among psoriatic arthritis (PsA) clinical practice guideline (CPG) authors in Japan and the US, and to evaluate the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations of PsA CPGs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis using payment data from major Japanese pharmaceutical companies and the US Open Payments Database from 2016 to 2018. All authors of PsA CPGs issued by the Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were included.ResultsOf 23 CPG authors in Japan, 21 (91.3%) received at least 1 payment, with a combined total of $3,335,413 between 2016 and 2018. Regarding 25 US authors, 21 (84.0%) received at least 1 payment, with a combined total of $4,081,629 during the same period. The 3‐year combined mean ± SD payment per author was $145,018 ± $114,302 in Japan and $162,825 ± $259,670 in the US. A total of 18 authors (78.3%) of the JDA PsA CPG and 12 authors (48.0%) of the ACR PsA CPG had undisclosed financial COI worth $474,663 and $218,501, respectively. The percentage of citations with at least 1 CPG author relative to total citations was 3.4% in Japan and 33.6% in the US. In sum, 71.4% and 88.8% of recommendations for PsA in the JDA and ACR were supported by low or very low quality of evidence.ConclusionMore rigorous cross‐checking of information disclosed by pharmaceutical companies and self‐reported by physicians and more stringent and transparent COI policies are necessary.
Organic Ligand‐Free ZnO Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chavan Rohit D. , Wolska‐Pietkiewicz Małgorzata , Prochowicz Daniel , Jędrzejewska Maria , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Yadav Pankaj , Hong Chang Kook , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising electron‐transport layer (ETL) in thin‐film photovoltaics. However, the poor chemical compatibility between commonly used sol–gel‐derived ZnO nanostructures and organo–metal halide perovskites makes it highly challenging to obtain efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a novel approach is reported for low‐temperature processed pure ZnO ETLs for planar heterojunction PSCs based on ZnO quantum dots (QDs) stabilized by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as easily removable solvent molecules. With no need for the ETL doping or surface modification, the champion PSC comprising the mixed‐cation and mixed‐halide Cs5(MA0.17FA0.83)95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 absorber layer reaches a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.05%, which is significantly higher than that obtained for a reference device based on a standard sol–gel‐derived ZnO nanostructured layer (17.78%). Thus, along with the observed better operational stability in ambient conditions and elevated temperature, the champion device achieves the state‐of‐the‐art performance among reported non‐passivated pure ZnO ETL‐based PSCs. The improved photovoltaic performance is attributed to both a higher uniformity of the surface morphology and a lower defects density of films based on the organometallic‐derived QDs that are likely to ensure the enhanced stability of the ZnO/perovskite interface.
Binder‐Free Wood Converted Carbon for Enhanced Water Desalination Performance
Authors: He Rui , Neupane Manish , Zia Akhter , Huang Xiaozhou , Bowers Crystal , Wang Min , Lu Jun , Yang Yingchao , Dong Pei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe design and synthesis of high‐performance and economical carbon electrodes play a critical role in developing energy‐efficient water desalination technologies. As a sustainable approach, low‐cost and abundant biomass materials are promising candidates to prepare porous carbon for capacitive deionization. In this study, binder‐free porous carbon sheets are successfully prepared using natural balsa, pine, and basswood by thermal carbonization and treated by chemical activation. The carbon electrode materials converted from balsa and pine exhibit a comparable salt adsorption performance by capacitive deionization due to the extensive surface area, substantial electrical property, and superior hydrophilic performance. The following activation treatment of the balsa‐converted carbon further enhances the surface and electrical properties and benefits the desalination performance. The salt adsorption capacity of the activated balsa electrode exhibits 12.45 mg g−1. Additionally, 19.52 mg g−1 Pb2+ and 20.06 mg g−1 Cr3+ heavy metal adsorption capacity is also observed with the activated balsa electrode in 100 mg L−1 PbCl2 and 50 mg L−1 CrCl3, respectively. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the highest NaCl adsorption capacity performance reported thus far by using pure wood converted carbon as the electrode, and these promising results indicate that activated balsa is an extraordinary material for water desalination.
High‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitors Based on High‐Areal‐Specific‐Capacity Ti3C2Tx and a Redox‐Active Organic‐Molecule Hybrid Electrode
Authors: Zhang Haoxiang , Wang Le , Xing Xinxin , Zhao Shuai , Wang Kai , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotorechargeable supercapacitors are perfect energy storage devices, particularly for solar cells that output electricity only during sunshine hours. The lower energy density of supercapacitors is due to fewer redox‐active sites, poor electrolyte accessibility at the electrodes, and charge loss during charge transfer from solar cells to the supercapacitor. Here, an electrolyte‐accessible organic–inorganic hybrid electrode with synergistic pseudocapacitance of Ti3C2Tx and high theoretical specific capacity CO active centers to enhance the energy density of the supercapacitor is proposed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the covalent cross‐linking of organic molecules changes the charge density redistribution of Ti3C2Tx, enhances ion absorption and storage, and increases the energy density of the supercapacitors. Based on these DFT calculation results, hybrid electrodes are successfully prepared using p‐phenylene diisocyanate to covalently cross‐link pseudocapacitors Ti3C2Tx with anthraquinone such as 1‐hydroxyanthraquinone (HA) or 1‐amino‐4‐bromoanthraquinone‐2‐sodium sulfonate (ABS). The Ti3C2Tx‐HA hybrid electrodes exhibit high areal specific capacity (2532.5 mF cm−2), excellent ion absorption storage capability, and long‐term stability. The asymmetric supercapacitor yields a decent area specific capacity (1686.72 mF cm−2 at 0.25 mA cm−2) and energy density (599.72 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 200 mW cm−2). These high‐energy‐density supercapacitors are coupled with perovskite solar cells to prepare photorechargeable supercapacitors with fast energy storage.
Machine‐Learning Spectral Indicators of Topology
Authors: Andrejevic Nina , Andrejevic Jovana , Bernevig B. Andrei , Regnault Nicolas , Han Fei , Fabbris Gilberto , Nguyen Thanh , Drucker Nathan C. , Rycroft Chris H. , Li Mingda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopological materials discovery has emerged as an important frontier in condensed matter physics. While theoretical classification frameworks have been used to identify thousands of candidate topological materials, experimental determination of materials’ topology often poses significant technical challenges. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used materials characterization technique sensitive to atoms’ local symmetry and chemical bonding, which are intimately linked to band topology by the theory of topological quantum chemistry (TQC). Moreover, as a local structural probe, XAS is known to have high quantitative agreement between experiment and calculation, suggesting that insights from computational spectra can effectively inform experiments. In this work, computed X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra of more than 10 000 inorganic materials to train a neural network (NN) classifier that predicts topological class directly from XANES signatures, achieving F1 scores of 89% and 93% for topological and trivial classes, respectively is leveraged. Given the simplicity of the XAS setup and its compatibility with multimodal sample environments, the proposed machine‐learning‐augmented XAS topological indicator has the potential to discover broader categories of topological materials, such as non‐cleavable compounds and amorphous materials, and may further inform field‐driven phenomena in situ, such as magnetic field‐driven topological phase transitions.
Spatial Nonreciprocal Transmission and Optical Bistability Based on Millimeter‐Scale Suspended Metasurface
Authors: Sang You , Xu Jipeng , Liu Ken , Chen Wei , Xiao Yong , Zhu Zhihong , Liu Ning , Zhang Jianfa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen light interacts with microscopic objects at the micro‐ and nano‐scale, the momentum exchange between photons and objects can be very significant. While the optical radiation pressure at the same level is usually too weak to change the mechanical state of macro‐scale objects at millimeter scale or beyond. Suspended metasurfaces with excellent mechanical and optical properties are ideal candidates for light‐matter interactions. Here, without sound insulation conditions, the spatial optical nonreciprocity based on an optomechanical system with a 2 mm × 2 mm × 110 nm Si3N4 suspended metasurface at the telecom wavelength is demonstrated, with peak wavelength shift up to 1.1 pm, which is about 4.0 times of the full width at half maximum, together with optical bistability at only about 10 W cm−2 input intensities, which is more than 4 orders of magnitude lower than traditional nonlinear optical mechanism. This work may pave new avenues for spatially nonreciprocal devices and bistable devices, and benefit the applications such as precision sensing, cavity quantum optomechanics, and all‐optical switching.
Sustainable Thermoelectric Materials Predicted by Machine Learning
Authors: Chernyavsky Dmitry , van den Brink Jeroen , Park Gyu‐Hyeon , Nielsch Kornelius , Thomas Andy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing datasets from several sources, a list of more than 450 materials is generated and related them with their thermoelectric properties. This is obtained by generating a set of features using only the molecular formula. Subsequently, a machine learning algorithm classifies the materials in specific, binary classes, for example, possessing high or low Seebeck coefficients or electrical conductivity. After adjusting the threshold values and grouping the materials into clusters, the thermoelectric performance of more than 25k materials is predicted. Finally, the results are filtered to obtain only the sustainable materials, that is, neither toxic nor critical, (ideally) inexpensive, and isotropic with regard to their transport properties to simplify the preparation procedure.
Efficient Myogenic/Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Bovine Fibroblasts in a 3D Bioprinting System for Steak‐Type Cultured Meat Production
Authors: Jeong Dayi , Seo Jeong Wook , Lee Hong‐Gu , Jung Woo Kyung , Park Yong Ho , Bae Hojae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interest in cultured meat is increasing because of the problems with conventional livestock industry. Recently, many studies related to cultured meat have been conducted, but producing large‐sized cultured meat remains a challenge. It is aimed to introduce 3D bioprinting for producing large cell aggregates for cultured meat production. A hydrogel scaffold is produced at the centimeter scale using a bioink consisting of photocrosslinkable materials for digital light processing‐based (DLP) printing, which has high printing accuracy and can produce geometrically complex structures. The light exposure time for hydrogel photopolymerization by DLP bioprinting is optimized based on photorheometry and cell viability assays. Naturally immortalized bovine embryonic fibroblast cells transformed withMyoDandPPARγ2instead of primary cells are used as the latter have difficulties in maintaining stemness and are associated with animal ethics issues. The cells are mixed into the hydrogel for printing. Myogenesis and adipogenesis are induced simply by changing the medium after printing. Scaffolds are obtained successfully with living cells and large microchannels. The cooked cultured meat maintains its size and shape upon cutting. The overall dimensions are 3.43 cm × 5.53 cm × 0.96 cm. This study provides proof‐of‐concept for producing 3D cultured meat using bioinks.
Reconfigurable Soft Robots by Building Blocks
Authors: Atia Mohamed G. B. , Mohammad Abdelkhalick , Gameros Andres , Axinte Dragos , Wright Iain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoft robots are of increasing interest as they can cope with challenges that are poorly addressed by conventional rigid‐body robots (e.g., limited flexibility). However, due to their flexible nature, the soft robots can be particularly prone to exploit modular designs for enhancing their reconfigurability, that is, a concept which, to date, has not been explored. Therefore, this paper presents a design of soft building blocks that can be disassembled and reconfigured to build different modular configurations of soft robots such as robotic fingers and continuum robots. First, a numerical model is developed for the constitutive building block allowing to understand their behavior versus design parameters, then a shape optimization algorithm is developed to permit the construction of different types of soft robots based on these soft building blocks. To validate the approach, 2D and 3D case studies of bio‐inspired designs are demonstrated: first, soft fingers are introduced as a case study for grasping complex and delicate objects. Second, an elephant trunk is used for grasping a flower. Third, a walking legged robot. These case studies prove that the proposed modular building approach makes it easier to build and reconfigure different types of soft robots with multiple complex shapes.
All‐Polymer Solar Cells with 17% Efficiency Enabled by the “End‐Capped” Ternary Strategy
Authors: Yue Yuchen , Zheng Bing , Ni Jianling , Yang Wenjie , Huo Lijun , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have received increasing attention and made tremendous progress. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all‐PSCs still lags behind the polymer‐donor‐small‐molecule‐acceptor based organic solar cells, owing to the excessive phase separation with poor miscibility between polymer donor and acceptor. In this research, an “end‐capped” ternary strategy is proposed by introducing PM6TPO as a third component to fabricate highly efficient all‐PSCs. The PM6:PM6TPO:PY‐IT based ternary devices exhibit impressive PCE of 17.0% with enhanced light absorption and optimal morphology, and the introduction of PM6TPO significantly reduces the phase separation. The ternary devices also exhibit improved stability, outstanding tolerance of active layer thickness, and high performance of 1 cm2 unit cells. More importantly, the “end‐capped” ternary strategy enables efficient and facile improvement of all‐PSCs performance without additional selection and complicated synthesis for the third component.
Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO2 to Methanol in a Post‐Combustion Capture Solvent: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective CN Bond Cleavage
Authors: Kothandaraman Jotheeswari , Lopez Johnny Saavedra , Jiang Yuan , Walter Eric D. , Burton Sarah D. , Dagle Robert A. , Heldebrant David J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn efficient and selective heterogeneous catalyst is identified for the condensed‐phase hydrogenation of captured CO2 in the presence of an advanced water‐lean post‐combustion capture solvent, (N‐(2‐EthoxyEthyl)‐3‐MorpholinoPropan‐1‐Amine), 2‐EEMPA. The catalysts commonly used for gas‐phase CO2 hydrogenation (e.g., Cu/Zn/Al2O3) cause deactivation of amine promoters via N‐methylation by CO cleavage of formamide intermediates. A heterogeneous catalyst system that suppresses N‐methylation of amine solvents is identified, demonstrating how Pt, supported by reducible metal oxides CeO2 or TiO2, can be selective for CN cleavage to produce methanol. This is the first known demonstration of integrated low‐temperature thermocatalytic capture and conversion of CO2 to methanol in an economically viable CO2 capture solvent. Technoeconomic analyses performed on the state‐of‐technology suggest that methanol can be produced with a minimum selling price of $4.4/gallon ($1,460/metric ton) when using CO2 captured from a 650 MW natural gas combined cycle plant. Ultimately, a road map of how realistic and achievable improvements to space velocity and methanol selectivity of this integrated process can enable near cost parity to fossil‐derived methanol, with a selling price of ≈$1.4/gal ($470/metric ton), is presented.
Genetic and spatial variation in vegetative and floral traits across a hybrid zone
Authors: Campbell Diane R. , Raguso Robert A. , Midzik Maya , Bischoff Mascha , Broadhead Geoffrey T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseGenetic variation influences the potential for evolution to rescue populations from impacts of environmental change. Most studies of genetic variation in fitness‐related traits focus on either vegetative or floral traits, with few on floral scent. How vegetative and floral traits compare in potential for adaptive evolution is poorly understood.MethodsWe measured variation across source populations, planting sites, and genetic families for vegetative and floral traits in a hybrid zone. Seeds from families ofIpomopsis aggregata,I. tenuituba, and F1and F2hybrids of the two species were planted into three common gardens. Measured traits included specific leaf area (SLA), trichomes, water‐use efficiency (WUE), floral morphology, petal color, nectar, and floral volatiles.ResultsVegetative traits SLA and WUE varied greatly among planting sites, while showing weak or no genetic variation among source populations. Specific leaf area and trichomes responded plastically to snowmelt date, and SLA exhibited within‐population genetic variation. All aspects of floral morphology varied genetically among source populations, and corolla length, corolla width, and sepal width varied genetically within populations. Heritability was not detected for volatiles due to high environmental variation, although one terpene had high evolvability, and high emission of two terpenes, a class of compounds emitted more strongly from the calyx than the corolla, correlated genetically with sepal width. Environmental variation across sites was weak for floral morphology and stronger for volatiles and vegetative traits. The inheritance of three of four volatiles departed from additive.ConclusionsResults indicate stronger genetic potential for evolutionary responses to selection in floral morphology compared with scent and vegetative traits and suggest potentially adaptive plasticity in some vegetative traits.
Floral orientation affects outcross‐pollen deposition in buzz‐pollinated flowers with bilateral symmetry
Authors: Nevard Lucy , Vallejo‐Marín Mario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseFloral orientation is central to plant–pollinator interactions and is commonly associated with floral symmetry. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers are often oriented horizontally for optimal pollinator positioning and pollen transfer efficiency, while the orientation of radially symmetrical flowers is variable. Buzz‐pollinated species (pollinated by vibration‐producing bees) include bilateral, horizontally oriented flowers, and radial, pendant flowers. The effect of floral orientation on pollen transfer has never been tested in buzz‐pollinated species.MethodsHere, we examined the effect of floral orientation on bumblebee‐mediated pollen deposition in three buzz‐pollinated Solanum species with different floral symmetry and natural orientations: S. lycopersicum and S. seaforthianum (radial, pendant), and S. rostratum (bilateral, horizontal). We tested whether orientation affects total stigmatic pollen deposition (both self and outcross pollen) when all flowers have the same orientation (either pendant or horizontal). In a second experiment, we evaluated whether different orientations of donor and recipient flowers affects the receipt of outcross pollen by S. rostratum.ResultsFor the three Solanum species studied, there was no effect of floral orientation on total pollen deposition (both self and outcross) when flowers shared the same orientation. In contrast, in our experiment with S. rostratum, we found that pendant flowers received fewer outcross‐pollen grains when paired with pendant donors.ConclusionsWe suggest that floral orientation influences the quality of pollen transferred, with more outcross pollen transferred to horizontally oriented recipients in the bilaterally symmetrical S. rostratum. Whether other bilaterally symmetrical, buzz‐pollinated flowers also benefit from increased cross‐pollination when presented horizontally remains to be established.
Self‐medication in nonhuman primates: A systematic evaluation of the possible function of the use of medicinal plants
Authors: De la Fuente María Fernanda , Souto Antonio , Albuquerque Ulysses P. , Schiel Nicola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnimal self‐medication is thought to provide an adaptive advantage, as species would actively respond to a disease state or homeostatic imbalances. In wild nonhuman primates, it is challenging to differentiate plant use as part of the diet or as medication, especially because self‐medication can be preventive or therapeutic. Here, we aimed to compile the available potential evidence on primate self‐medication modes, investigating which proposed requirements are fulfilled for each plant species reported to date. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature on plant use for potential self‐medication in wild nonhuman primates. To construct the extensive database, we extracted data on the primate species, study area, plant/plant's part used, the requirement(s) met for demonstrating self‐medication modes, and self‐medicative behavioral patterns. We also updated available information on plant's biological compounds and/or physical characteristics, pharmacological properties, and ethnomedical uses. We identified 575 plant species (135 families), used by 25 primate species (9 families). Plants were used by Old World monkeys (46.5%, n = 268 plant species), followed by apes (41%, n = 235), New World monkeys (13.4%, n = 77), and prosimians (1%, n = 6). We found three general types of self‐medicative behaviors: ingestion (including, but not limited to, leaf‐swallowing, seed‐swallowing, and bitter pith chewing), topical (fur‐rubbing), and nest fumigation. Plant uses were associated with antiparasitic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti‐inflammatory, insect repellent, among other properties. Self‐medication is widespread in nonhuman primate species across Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Long‐term field research efforts and studies integrating different research sites and topics are urgent to advance our knowledge into the evolution of plant selection, medical traditions, and to bring insights into potentially novel medicinal plants and bioactive compounds to treat emergent or established primate and human diseases.