bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current medical education improves OSA-related knowledge but not confidence in residents: An underappreciated public health risk
Authors: Su Linfan , Chen Ruxuan , Luo Jinmei , Xiao Yi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and induces a growing health care burden. However, a large proportion of patients with OSA do not receive appropriate treatment and are underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in primary care. A contributing factor to the phenomenon is the lack of education, which reflects the current inadequacies in medical education. Therefore, assessing the level of knowledge and attitudes toward OSA and associated factors among resident physicians is highly warranted.MethodsA validated questionnaire, the OSA Knowledge and Attitudes (OSAKA) questionnaire was distributed to residents who had already completed undergraduate education and were attending an internal medicine residency training program. The questionnaire consists of 2 parts: including an assessment of (1) OSA-related knowledge involving epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment; (2) the importance of OSA and confidence in diagnosing and treating OSA patients. Other information including demographics, training experience, and questions exploring the future form of the sleep breathing disorder course was collected together.ResultsOf the 160 residents who participated in the survey, 153 (95.6%) completed the survey and the mean total knowledge score was 12.6/18 (70% correct). Although all respondents believed that OSA was an important clinical disorder, only a minority of the residents felt confident in identifying patients at risk for OSA (38%), managing OSA patients (27.5%), or continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) (26.2%). We found that OSA training experience significantly increased knowledge scores (p = 0.002) but not confidence scores (p = 0.248). As for the specific form of medical education, “Small classes during residency training” was the most popular form of sleep-breathing disorder educational training in the future of the resident training program.ConclusionDespite adequate knowledge of OSA, there was still a generalized lack of confidence in the management of OSA patients among residents. Current medical education can not build enough confidence for physicians, which may in turn affect patients' trust and reduce long-term compliance. Untreated OSA places a significant health threat and economic burden on not only the patients but also their families and society, causing an underappreciated public health risk. In the future, merely increasing OSA courses is not sufficient, a more specific focus on the course format and training effect is required.
Approaching person-centered clinical practice: A cluster analysis of older inpatients utilizing the measurements of intrinsic capacity
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Sun Liang , Li Hong , Zhang Jie , Shen Ji , Li Jing , Zhou Qi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMaintaining the intrinsic capacity (IC) of older inpatients is a novel view in providing person-centered treatments in clinical practice. Uncertainty remains regarding the primary nature of IC among older hospitalized patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to understand the status of IC among older inpatients by a cluster analysis based on IC measurements.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted in the geriatric department of Beijing Hospital in China. Older inpatients who were older than 60 years and who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessments were included. The inpatients were classified into subgroups based on 13 measurements of IC according to unsupervised methods (K-means cluster analysis and t-SNE). Subgroup differences were investigated for domains of IC, age, sex, frailty, activities of daily living, and falls.ResultsA total of 909 inpatients with a mean age of 76.6 years were included. Almost 98% of the inpatients showed IC impairment. Locomotion impairment was the most prevalent problem (91.1%), followed by sensory impairment (61.4%), psychological impairment (57.3%), cognition decline (30.7%), and vitality problem (29.2%). A total of five clusters were obtained by classification: Cluster 1 (56.6% of the participants) showed high IC with fair impairment of locomotion and vision; clusters 2 and 3 (37.8 % of the participants) had additional impairment of sleep in the psychological domain; clusters 4 and 5 (5.6% of the participants) represented a severe loss of all the IC domains; and clusters 1–5 showed a gradual decline in the IC score and were significantly associated with increased age, frailty, decreased activities of daily living, and falls. Significant correlations among the domains were observed; the locomotion domain showed the strongest links to the others in network analysis.ConclusionsGreat declines in IC and disparities between IC domains were found in older inpatients. IC-based primary assessment and classification enabled us to identify the variation of functional abilities among the older inpatients, which is pivotal for designing integrated treatment or care models in clinical practice.
The relevance of pharmacological neuroenhancement for stress and resilience—A multistudy report
Authors: Darwig Julia , Gaum Petra Maria , Pauli Roman , Nassri Lina , Lang Jessica 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPharmacological neuroenhancement (PNE) is discussed as coping strategy in academic and work-related contexts. Depending on the definition of PNE and sample population, different prevalence rates for various groups have been reported. In the three parts of the study, prevalence rates for work and student populations in Germany are detected and the reasons for PNE and possible causal associations between PNE, stress and resilience are investigated.MethodsIn part 1 of the study, 152 occupational physicians (OPs) were surveyed about prevalence rates and reasons for PNE. In part 2 of the study, 1,077 German students reported on their PNE behavior. 704 students were then longitudinally considered to draw conclusions on causal associations between PNE, stress, and resilience.ResultsThe OPs' estimated prevalence rate of 10.9% in a working population is higher than the prevalence rate of 5.4% for prescription and illicit substances found in the student sample in part 2 of the study. The reason suspected by OPs to be most important for PNE with prescription drugs were performance pressure and long working hours. Using soft enhancers, such as caffeine, is most common with a prevalence rate of 76.8% in the student sample. Stress predicts a higher (β = 0.179, p &lt; 0.001) and resilience a lower use of PNE (β = −0.13, p = 0.001). Resilience predicts a lower (β = −0.35, p &lt; 0.001) and PNE a higher level of stress (β = 0.11, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOPs suspect a prevalence rate of 10.9% among the working population, while we found a prevalence rate of 5.4% among students. Caffeine is the most used substance for PNE, while the use of prescription and illicit substances remains low. Higher levels of stress and lower levels of resilience result in a higher use of PNE. Universities should therefore include the promotion of resilience and methods for dealing with study stress in health programs to reduce PNE.
Spatial disparities of HIV prevalence in South Africa. Do sociodemographic, behavioral, and biological factors explain this spatial variability?
Authors: Ugwu Chigozie Louisa J. , Ncayiyana Jabulani R. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIn 2021, an estimated 38 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) globally, with over two-thirds living in African regions. In South Africa, ~20% of South African adults are living with HIV. Accurate estimation of the risk factors and spatial patterns of HIV risk using individual-level data from a nationally representative sample is invaluable for designing geographically targeted intervention and control programs.MethodsData were obtained from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS16). The study involved all men and women aged 15 years and older, who responded to questions and tested for HIV in the SDHS. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were fitted to our data with a nonparametric bivariate smooth term of spatial location parameters (X and Y coordinates). The GAMs were used to assess the spatial disparities and the potential contribution of sociodemographic, biological, and behavioral factors to the spatial patterns of HIV prevalence in South Africa.ResultsA significantly highest risk of HIV was observed in east coast, central and north-eastern regions. South African men and women who are widowed and divorced had higher odds of HIV as compared to their counterparts. Additionally, men and women who are unemployed had higher odds of HIV as compared to the employed. Surprisingly, the odds of HIV infection among men residing in rural areas were 1.60 times higher (AOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12, 2.29) as compared to those in urban areas. But men who were circumcised had lower odds of HIV (AOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52, 0.98), while those who had STI in the last 12 months prior to the survey had higher odds of HIV (AOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.44, 3.68).ConclusionSpatial heterogeneity in HIV risk persisted even after covariate adjustment but differed by sex, suggesting that there are plausible unobserved influencing factors contributing to HIV uneven variation. This study's findings could guide geographically targeted public health policy and effective HIV intervention in South Africa.
Effects of Sphingobium yanoikuyae SJTF8 on Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Germination and Root Development
Authors: Jou Ying-Tzy , Tarigan Elmi Junita , Prayogo Cahyo , Kobua Chesly Kit , Weng Yu-Ting , Wang Yu-Min 
Published: November 2022

The interaction between plant roots and rhizobacterium communities plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture. We aimed to assess the effects of Sphingobium yanoikuyae SJTF8 on rice seed germination and development, as well as to observe the effects of different concentrations of S. yanoikuyae SJTF8 on the root systems of rice seedlings. The bacteria are best known for their role in the bioremediation and biodegradation of pollutants, and thus far, there is research that supports their agricultural prospects. The experiment comprised five different S. yanoikuyae SJTF8 concentrations: SP-y 8 (108 CFU/mL); SP-y 7 (107 CFU/mL); SP-y 6 (106 CFU/mL); SP-y 5 (105 CFU/mL); SP-y 4 (104 CFU/mL). We used sterilized water as the control treatment. The bacteria triggered the synthesis of IAA, while the seedling root lengths substantially increased on the 12th day after germination. The high application concentrations of S. yanoikuyae SJTF8 resulted in higher IAA production (with the SP-y 7 and SP-y 8 concentrations ranging from 151,029 pg/mL to 168,033 pg/mL). We found that the appropriate concentrations of S. yanoikuyae SJTF8 when applied as an inoculant were SP-y 7 and SP-y 6, based on the increased root growth and biomass production. The bacteria were also able to solubilize phosphorous. The growth response from the rice seedlings when inoculated with S. yanoikuyae SJTF8 presents the potential of the bacteria as a growth promotor. Its application in rice cultivation could be a sustainable approach to rice production.
M-Carboxylic Acid Induced Formation of New Coordination Polymers for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Xiaojia , Niu Yunyin 
Published: November 2022

Four new 2–3D materials were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal methods, namely, {[(L1·Cu·2H2O) (4,4-bipy)0.5] (β-Mo8O26)0.5·H2O} (1), {[(L1·Cu)2·(4,4-bipy)] (Mo5O16)} (2), {Co(L1)2}n (3), and {[(L1)2][β-Mo8O26]0.5·5H2O} (4). [L1=5-(4-aminopyridine) isophthalic acid]. The degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water by compounds 1–4 was studied under visible light. The experimental results show that compounds 1–4 have obvious photocatalytic degradation effect on CIP. In addition, for compound 1, the effects of temperature, pH, and adsorbent dosage on photocatalytic performance were also investigated. The stability of compound 1 was observed by a cycle experiment, indicating that there was no significant change after three cycles of CIP degradation.
Silencing of Thrips palmi UHRF1BP1 and PFAS Using Antisense Oligos Induces Mortality and Reduces Tospovirus Titer in Its Vector
Authors: Priti  , Mukherjee Sunil Kumar , Ghosh Amalendu 
Published: November 2022

Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest of vegetables, legumes, and ornamentals. In addition, it transmits several plant viruses. T. palmi genes associated with innate immunity, endocytosis-related pathways, and cuticular development are highly enriched in response to Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus (GBNV, genus Orthotospovirus, family Tospoviridae) infection. As the previous transcriptomic study suggested the involvement of T. palmi UHRF1BP1 and PFAS in GBNV infection, these two genes were targeted for silencing using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and the effects on thrips’ fitness and virus acquisition were observed. Phosphorothioate modification of ASOs was carried out by replacing the nonbridging oxygen atom with a sulfur atom at the 3′ position to increase nuclease stability. The modified ASOs were delivered orally through an artificial diet. Exposure to ASOs reduced the target mRNA expression up to 2.70-fold optimally. Silencing of T. palmi UHRF1BP1 and PFAS induced 93.33% mortality that further increased up to 100% with an increase in exposure. Silencing of T. palmi UHRF1BP1 and PFAS also produced morphological deformities in the treated T. palmi. GBNV titer in T. palmi significantly declined post-exposure to ASOs. This is the first-ever report of silencing T. palmi UHRF1BP1 and PFAS using modified ASO to induce mortality and impair virus transmission in T. palmi. T. palmi UHRF1BP1 and PFAS would be novel genetic targets to manage thrips and restrict the spread of tospovirus.
Las desigualdades de género en la profesión académica de las universidades nacionales argentinas: resultados de la encuesta APIKS (Academic Profession In The Knowledge-Based Society)
Authors: Nosiglia María Catalina , Fuksman Brian 
Published: November 2022

Los estudios sobre la profesión académica argentina advierten sobre la conjunción de una multiplicidad de problemas que afectan el desarrollo de las funciones de las/os docentes. Uno de ellos se relaciona con las desigualdades de género, las cuales se expresan en la configuración de roles estereotipados y en el “techo de cristal”, entre otros fenómenos.
El presente estudio procura analizar la magnitud de las desigualdades de género en las universidades nacionales argentinas a partir de los resultados del estudio APIKS (Academic Profession in The Knowledge-Based Society). El diseño metodológico implicó la aplicación de una encuesta (2019) a una muestra representativa de académicos/as de universidades nacionales de la Argentina que respondieron sobre diversos aspectos de su profesión.
Se concluye que, pese a los avances registrados en materia de políticas universitarias para promover la paridad de género en el ámbito académico, aún persisten significativas desigualdades debido a factores institucionales y otros elementos externos. Frente a dicho fenómeno, las universidades y los gobiernos deben continuar fortaleciendo sus políticas para promover la paridad de género.
Uveitis masquerade syndrome as an early manifestation of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a case report
Authors: Thiagarajan Dharshana , Tharmathurai Sangeetha , Bastion Mae-Lynn Catherine , Hamzah Norhafizah , Alias Rohanah , Rahmat Jamalia 
Published: November 2022

Background: To report a case of paediatric precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) presenting as uveitis masquerade syndrome (UMS).
Case presentation: A 3-year-old girl with neutropenic sepsis presented with poor fixation and right preferential gaze. Vision was light perception and counting fingers in OD and OS with bilateral panuveitis, and OS Roth spots, retinal haemorrhages, and exudates. Vitreous biopsy was negative for organisms, malignant cells, and blasts. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (BMAT) was inconclusive for leukaemia and orbital MRI showed no infiltration. She improved with antimicrobials and steroids. During rehospitalization 6 months later for neutropenic sepsis, BMAT showed 80% blasts confirming B-cell precursor ALL, requiring chemotherapy. OD vision remained poor with band keratopathy, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, seclusio pupillae, cataract, and vitreous haemorrhage. OS vision improved partially with a macular scar.
Conclusion: Paediatric precursor B-cell ALL may present as UMS. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may increase survival and visual potential.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Spasio-Temporal Hujan Ekstrem di Tanjungpinang Menggunakan Google Earth Engine (GEE)
Authors: Dewi Dian Kharisma , Sutikno Sigit , Darmayanti Lita 
Published: November 2022

In early January 2021, Tanjungpinang was hit by floods due to extreme rainfall intensity, causing the affected communities to suffer material and non-material losses. The flood has occurred from 2011 to 2021. To minimize the impact of flood events, it is necessary to study the characteristics of rainfall both temporally and spatially. This is considered important because with this information the public can anticipate the impact of extreme rainfall at a certain time and location. This study aims to identify the Spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall in Tanjungpinang City which often causes floods. However, to identify the characteristics of rainfall, long data is needed. This study uses CHIRPS (Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station) satellite data because the rainfall observation data at the Raja Haji Fisabilillah station is not available for 2012. The identification results show that the correlation criterion (R) value between rainfall observation data and CHIRPS satellite data is 0.688. This value is interpreted as "strong" to be used as an alternative study data. GEE (Google Earth Engine) as a cloud-based platform is used to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall. From the results of temporal identification, it is known that extreme rainfall occurs in January, April, and December. The results of spatial identification indicate that the area that has the highest average maximum rainfalls at the Bukit Bestari District area of 156.60 mm/day. This can then be confirmed by looking at the documentation of flood events that often occur in the area.
Aprina Cempaka Sari TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN FISIK DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) STUDI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI SEMARANG NOMOR 594/PID.SUS/2018/PN SMG
Authors: Sari Aprina Cempaka , Megawati Wenny 
Published: November 2022

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dapat artikan sebagai bentuk penggunaan kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan (fisik, psikis, emosional, seksual, penelantaran) yang dilakuan untuk mengendalikan pasangan, anak, atau anggota keluarga atau orang lain yang menetap atau berada dalam suatu lingkup rumah tangga. Ragam bentuk kekerasan itu muncul dalam pola hubungan kekuasaan dilingkup rumah tangga, antara anggota rumah tangga tersebut yang tidak seimbang (asimestris). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengambil 2 (dua) rumusan masalah. Antara lain; 1) Bagaimana penerapan hukum oleh hakim terhadap kekerasan fisik dalam Rumah Tangga pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Nomor 549/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Smg. 2) Bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pada kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Nomor 549/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Smg. Adapun yang menjadi tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui dan memahami penerapan hukum yang terjadi pada kasus kekerasan fisik dalam rumah tangga 2) Untuk mengetahui dan memahami pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana pada kasus kekerasan fisik dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sumbangsi dalam perkembangan ilmu hukum, khususnya mengenai tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang marak terjadi di masyarakat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan (library research). Dan hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Terdakwa dijatuhi hukuman pidana sesuai dengan dakwaan tunggal sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga. Pertimbangan hokum yang diberikan oleh hakim sesuai dengan unsur-unsur pidana yang termuat dalam pasal yang mengikutinya, keterangan saksi, surat dan melihat dari fakta- fakta dan bukti yang muncul dalam perkara ini, serta melihat dari sisi keadaan yang memberatkan dan meringankan.

Kata kunci : Tindak Pidana Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga
Educación socio productiva para el desarrollo endógeno sostenible
Authors: Graterol Ramón , Acosta Eglee 
Published: November 2022

La investigación utilizada fue la acción participativa, la cual permitió desarrollar, transformar, comprender y participar activamente en la toma de decisiones de las comunidades los Arenales, municipio Miranda del estado Falcón en Venezuela. La fundamentación teóricamente fue de Vásquez (1999), bajo el paradigma socio crítico y método investigación acción de Silva (2000) y Ander Egg (2003). La técnica utilizada fue la observación en una dialéctica de consenso social entre 2014-2017. Su población estuvo dispuesta a participar involucrándose como promotores de su propio accionar; aportando información de los saberes populares, que han logrado resistir desde tiempos inmemoriales para permanecer en la cultura y comprender la realidad, los ciudadanos asumieron su rol de promotor social en forma activa en la sociedad. Con la investigación se logró la transformación de la formación cultural y mejorar la calidad humana, se propició participación para aprender a convivir, fortalecer tradiciones, rescatar la diversidad, y sus saberes.
Combined toxicity of indirubins with cold physical plasma in skin cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Berner Julia , Bekeschus Sander , Langer Peter , Hein Martin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas that generates various components identified as potential anticancer compounds. Due to its topical application, cold plasmas are suitable, especially in dermatological applications. We, therefore, tested the cold plasma effects in skin cancer cells in vitro. An atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet was used as the plasma source. The plasma exposure alone reduced the metabolic activity and induced lethal effects in a treatment time-dependent fashion in both cell lines investigated. This was accompanied by executioner caspases 3 and 7, cleavage indicative of apoptosis and reduced cell migration and proliferation. Recent research also indicated roles of novel indirubin derivatives with potent anticancer effects. Three candidates were tested, and reduced metabolic activity and viability in a dose-dependent manner were found. Strikingly, one compound exerted notable synergistic toxicity when combined with plasma in skin cancer cells, which may be promising for future in vivo experiments.