bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and thermo‐flow behavior of air in a rectangular channel with partially inclined baffles
Authors: Salhi Jamal‐Eddine , Mousavi Ajarostaghi Seyed Soheil , Zarrouk Tarik , Saffari Pour Mohsen , Salhi Najim , Salhi Merzouki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the thermal performance improvements of a heat removal system like an electronic system have been analyzed. The studied case is a horizontal channel in which two partially inclined baffles are attached with variable height and number. The channel is crossed by a forced convective flow of a cooling fluid (air). This numerical work evaluates the influences of the height and number of the baffles on the enhancement of the heat transfer rate. The mathematical model of this system is composed of nonlinear partial equations that the analytical solution for them is very complex, hence the need for numerical analysis is mandatory with the aid of a finite volume method. Accordingly, The numerical results are presented in axial and transverse velocity, temperature, local and average Nusselt number, local friction coefficient, pressure drop, heat transfer rate, and turbulence kinetic energy. The results revealed that it is possible to improve the thermal performance of the considered system by adopting designs that allow the maximum heat transfer rate with the minimum energy loss. In addition, results show that at the lowest Reynolds number (Re = 10,000), as the height of baffles rises from 0.01 to 0.03 m (growth by 200%), the heat transfer rate augments about 59.09%. Moreover, at the highest evaluated Reynolds number (Re = 87,300), by increasing the height of baffles up to 200%, the heat transfer rate increases by approximately 50.53%. Furthermore, employing a higher number of baffles leads to more heat transfer rates and a significant pressure drop.
Optimal sustainable fuel cell stack with cellulosic alkaline membranes
Authors: Raimundo Rodrigo C. , Vargas José V. C. , Ordonez Juan C. , Martins Lauber S. , Balmant Wellington , Mariano André B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogen was generated in situ in a reactor with aluminum scrap and water together with NaOH as catalyst. CO2‐free air was obtained by filtering atmospheric air with a KOH solution. A fuel cell stack prototype with four cells, H2‐generator, and a CO2 cleaning device demonstrated the concept. Direct voltage and power evaluated the stack operation. The results showed that the stack with generated H2 had a performance 18% smaller than with pure H2, that is, 3.77 V (I = 0 A), and 2.70 W were obtained. Experimental data were used to validate a sustainable (sustainable alkaline membrane fuel cell) stack transient mathematical model. A sensitivity analysis showed the effect of membrane KOH content (y = 20% w/w, y = 40% w/w, and y = 50% w/w) on performance and found that yopt = 40% w/w leads to a stack net power maximum, which was utilized to produce experimental data. The peak was steep, due to a net power drop of ∼42% with y = 50% w/w, and ∼ 50% with y = 20% w/w in comparison to y = 40% w/w. In sum, H2 production embedded in the stack demonstrated that there is potential for system practical implementation.
Diverse perennial circular forage systems are needed to foster resilience, ecosystem services, and socioeconomic benefits in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Picasso Valentin D. , Berti Marisol , Cassida Kim , Collier Sarah , Fang Di , Finan Ann , Krome Margaret , Hannaway David , Lamp William , Stevens Andrew W. , Williams Carol 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevailing agricultural systems dominated by annual crop monocultures, and the landscapes that contain them, lack resilience and multifunctionality. They are vulnerable to extreme weather events, contribute to degradation of soil, water, and air quality, reduce biodiversity, and negatively impact human health, social engagement, and equity. To achieve greater resilience, stability, and multiple ecosystem services therein, and to improve socioeconomic outcomes, we propose a practical framework to gain multifunctionality at multiple scales. This framework includes forages within agroecosystems that have the essential structural features of diversity, perenniality, and circularity. These three structural features are associated with increased resilience, stability, and provision of several ecosystem services, which in turn improve human health and socioeconomic outcomes. This framework improves understanding of, and access to, tools and materials for promoting the adoption of diverse circular agroecosystems with perennial forages. Application of this framework can result in land transformations that solve sustainability challenges in agriculture if policy, economic, and social barriers can be overcome by a transdisciplinary process of equitable knowledge production.
Bone Matrix Mineralization and Response to Burosumab in Adult Patients With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Results From the Phase 3, Single-Arm International Trial
Authors: Fratzl-Zelman Nadja , Hartmann Markus A. , Gamsjaeger Sonja , Rokidi Stamatia , Paschalis Eleftherios P. , Blouin Stéphane , Zwerina Jochen 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion, renal phosphate wasting, and low 1,25(OH)2D3. Adult patients present with osteomalacia, hypomineralized periosteocytic lesions, bone fragility, and pain. Burosumab is a fully human monoclonal FGF23 antibody approved for XLH treatment. UX023-CL304 was an open-label, phase 3 study investigating the effects of burosumab on osteomalacia in adults with XLH, who remained untreated at least 2 years prior enrollment. Here, we present the effect of burosumab on bone material properties. We analyzed transiliac bone biopsy samples from 11 individuals before and after 48 weeks of subcutaneous burosumab treatment (1.0 mg/kg administered every 4 weeks). We used quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) and Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) to assess bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD), mineralized bone volume, properties of the organic matrix, and size of periosteocytic lesions. The outcomes were compared with reference values from healthy adults and with four XLH patients either untreated or treated by conventional therapy. Prior to burosumab, the average mineralization in cancellous bone was lower than in healthy reference. CaLow, the fraction of lowly mineralized matrix, and CaHigh, the fraction of highly mineralized matrix, were both elevated resulting in a broad heterogeneity in mineralization (CaWidth). Burosumab resulted in a decrease of CaHigh toward normal range, whereas CaLow and CaWidth remained elevated. The mineralized bone volume was notably increased (+35.9%). The size of the periosteocytic lesions was variable but lower than in untreated XLH patients. FTIRI indicated decreased enzymatic collagen crosslink ratio heterogeneity. In summary, matrix mineralization in XLH is very heterogeneous. Highly mineralized regions represent old bone packets, probably protected from osteoclastic resorption by osteoid seams. The concomitant decrease of highly mineralized matrix, persistence of lowly mineralized matrix, and increase in mineralized bone volume after burosumab suggest a boost in mineralization of preexisting unmineralized or very lowly mineralized matrix, providing a potential explanation for previously observed improved osteomalacia. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates gyral abnormalities in Tourette syndrome
Authors: McCann Bernadette , Lam Melanie Y. , Shiohama Tadashi , Ijner Prahar , Takahashi Emi , Levman Jacob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary and repetitive movements known as tics. A retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 39 children and adolescents with TS was performed and subsequently compared with MRI scans from 834 neurotypical controls. The purpose of this study was to identify any differences in the regions of motor circuitry in TS to further our understanding of their disturbances in motor control (i.e., motor tics). Measures of volume, cortical thickness, surface area, and surface curvature for specific motor regions were derived from each MRI scan. The results revealed increased surface curvature in the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the TS group compared with the neurotypical control group. These novel findings offer some of the first evidence for surface curvature differences in motor circuitry regions in TS, which may be associated with known motor and vocal tics.
Screening of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for their effect on Daucus carota pathogen and molecular docking
Authors: Khan Azhar U. , Khan Masudulla , Malik Nazia , Parveen Aiman , Sharma Poonam , Min Kim , Gupta Mona , Alam Mahboob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we investigate the phytogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) by using aqueous extract of seed coat of almond as a novel resource which can acts as a stabilizing and reducing agents. Successful biosynthesis of ZnO‐NPs was observed by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) showing peak at ~272 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques confirm the circular shape with an average size of ~20 nm. Applications of ZnO‐NPs were observed on carrot (Daucus carota) plant infected with pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Spray with 50 ppm and 100 ppm ZnO‐NPs caused significant increase in plant growth attributes and photosynthetic pigments of carrot plants. It has been reported that the synthesized ZnO‐NPs demonstrated an inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungus R. solani and reduces disease in carrot plants. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy indicated adverse effect of ZnO‐NPs on pathogens. Antifungal efficiency of ZnO‐NPs was further explained with help of molecular docking analysis. Conformation with highest negative binding energy was used to predict binding site of receptor with NPs to know mechanistic approach. ZnO‐NPs are likely to interact with the pathogens by mechanical enfolding which may be one of the major toxicity actions against R. solani by ZnO‐NPs.Research highlights
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using waste material from the coat of almond seeds.
Images from SEM, TEM, and related techniques like EDS and SAED revealed the irregularity of the ZnO NPs as well as their atom composition.
FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the formation and the presence of crystalline ZnO NPs in nature.
Biogenic ZnONPs were found to be effective against the plant pathogenic fungus R. solani.
A spray of 50 ppm and 100 ppm ZnO‐NPs significantly increased carrot plant growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments.
The malignant potential of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is reflected in expression levels of fucosylated glycans in α1‐acid glycoprotein
Authors: Kubo Norio , Yazawa Shin , Yokobori Takehiko , Sano Rie , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Kobayashi Shogo , Akita Hirofumi , Mitsufuji Suguru , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Nakao Yosuke , Fujii Tsutomu , Okumura Tomoyuki , Shibuya Kazuto , Hoshino Yui , Yamada Suguru , Hayashi Masamichi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Shirabe Ken 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) involves multiple histopathological stages from benign to malignant lesions. Further, a biomarker to diagnose the malignant IPMN (IPMC) is clinically relevant. Recently, we found that serum fucosylated α1‐acid glycoprotein (fAGP) level markedly elevated along with disease progression in large cohorts of patients with various cancers.MethodsThe fAGP level was retrospectively analyzed in preoperative sera from 109 patients with IPMN, and the clinical relevance of fAGP was compared with currently available predictors as standard.ResultsThe fAGP level in IPMC was found to be significantly higher than in benign IPMN (P = .0012). At a cutoff value of 27.04 U/μg, its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for IPMC were determined to be 83.61%, 65.96%, and 75.93%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fAGP level was the only independent risk factor for predicting IPMC. Additionally, a combination of the fAGP level and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on the PET/CT imaging in the lesions seemed to offer the best diagnosis of IPMN. Accordingly, 27 of the 28 patients who were positive in both tests had IPMC, while patients who are negative had benign IPMN.ConclusionsThe fAGP level appeared to be a relevant biomarker for malignant potential of IPMN.
Unique non‐resonance hyper‐Raman bands of glucose in phosphate‐buffered saline
Authors: Maity Surajit , Hiramatsu Hirotsugu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report the 532 nm‐excited hyper‐Raman (HR) spectrum of D‐glucose in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4. Large and unique HR bands were observed from 1500 to 1650 cm−1. The HR spectral pattern was completely different from those of infrared absorption and Raman spectra. The HR bands were affected by isotope labeling on glucose but not phosphate. The HR bands were attributed to the combination or overtone modes of glucose. These bands were also observed in buffers containing phosphate, carbonate, and Tris but not in H2O. We tentatively attributed the origin of the HR bands to the charges of the buffer molecule(s) and the resultant electric field effect on the electronic and/or vibrational wavefunctions.
Coordinate‐free exponentials of general multivector in Clp,q algebras for p+q=3
Authors: Acus Arturas , Dargys Adolfas 
Published: July 2022

Closed form expressions in real Clifford geometric algebras
, and
are presented in a coordinate‐free form for exponential function when the exponent is a general multivector. The main difficulty in solving the problem is connected with an entanglement (or mixing) of vector and bivector components
and
in a form
. After disentanglement, the obtained formulas simplify to the well‐known de Moivre‐type trigonometric/hyperbolic function for vector or bivector exponentials. The presented formulas may find wide application in solving GA differential equations, in signal processing, automatic control and robotics.
Development of a novel MR‐conditional microwave needle for MR‐guided interventional microwave ablation at 1.5T
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Zhou Yufu , Wang Changliang , Qi Fulang , Luo Penghui , Du Huiyu , Zhang Qing , Liu Zhengrong , Yuan Kecheng , Qiu Bensheng 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo develop an MR‐conditional microwave needle that generates a spherical ablation zone and clear MRI visibility for MR‐guided microwave ablation.MethodsAn MR‐conditional microwave needle consisting of zirconia tip and TA18 titanium alloy tube was investigated. The numerical model was created to optimize the needle's geometry and analyze its performance. A geometrically optimized needle was produced using non‐magnetic materials based on the electromagnetics simulation results. The needle's mechanical properties were tested per the Chinese pharmaceutical industry standard YY0899‐2013. The MRI visibility performance and ablation characteristics of the needle was tested both in vitro (phantom) and in vivo (rabbit) at 1.5T. The RF‐induced heating was evaluated in ex vivo porcine liver.ResultsThe needle's mechanical properties met the specified requirements. The needle susceptibility artifact was clearly visible both in vitro and in vivo. The needle artifact diameter (A) was small in in vivo (Ashaft: 4.96 ± 0.18 mm for T1W‐FLASH, 3.13 ± 0.05 mm for T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo (T2W‐FSE); Atip: 2.31 ± 0.09 mm for T1W‐FLASH, 2.29 ± 0.08 mm for T2W‐FSE; tip location error [TLE]: −0.94 ± 0.07 mm for T1W‐FLASH, −1.10 ± 0.09 mm for T2W‐FSE). Ablation zones generated by the needle were nearly spherical with an elliptical aspect ratio ranging from 0.79 to 0.90 at 30 W, 50 W for 3, 5, 10 min duration ex vivo ablations and 0.86 at 30 W for 10 min duration in vivo ablations.ConclusionThe designed MR‐conditional microwave needle offers excellent mechanical properties, reliable MRI visibility, insignificant RF‐induced heating, and a sufficiently spherical ablation zone. Further clinical development of MR‐guided microwave ablation appears warranted.
Optimal deployment of indoor wireless local area networks
Authors: Oustry Antoine , Le Tilly Marion , Clausen Thomas , D'Ambrosio Claudia , Liberti Leo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a two‐phase methodology to address the problem of optimally deploying indoor wireless local area networks. In the first phase, we use Helmholtz's equation to simulate electromagnetic fields in a typical environment such as an office floor. The linear system which results from the discretization of this partial differential equation is solved with a state‐of‐the‐art library for sparse linear algebra. In the second phase, we formulate the network deployment problem in the setting of binary linear programming. This formulation employs the simulator output as input parameters, and jointly optimizes the number of access points, their locations, and their emission channels. We prove that this optimization problem is NP‐Hard, and use mathematical programming based techniques and heuristics to solve it. We present numerical experiments on medium‐sized buildings.
Selectable Set Randomized Kaczmarz
Authors: Yaniv Yotam , Moorman Jacob D. , Swartworth William , Tu Thomas , Landis Daji , Needell Deanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Randomized Kaczmarz method (RK) is a stochastic iterative method for solving linear systems that has recently grown in popularity due to its speed and low memory requirement. Selectable Set Randomized Kaczmarz is a variant of RK that leverages existing information about the Kaczmarz iterate to identify an adaptive “selectable set” and thus yields an improved convergence guarantee. In this article, we propose a general perspective for selectable set approaches and prove a convergence result for that framework. In addition, we define two specific selectable set sampling strategies that have competitive convergence guarantees to those of other variants of RK. One selectable set sampling strategy leverages information about the previous iterate, while the other leverages the orthogonality structure of the problem via the Gramian matrix. We complement our theoretical results with numerical experiments that compare our proposed rules with those existing in the literature.
On the stability of explicit finite difference methods for advection–diffusion equations
Authors: Zeng Xianyi , Hasan Md Mahmudul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article we study the stability of explicit finite difference discretization of advection–diffusion equations (ADE) with arbitrary order of accuracy in the context of method of lines. The analysis first focuses on the stability of the system of ordinary differential equations that is obtained by discretizing the ADE in space and then extends to fully discretized methods in combination with explicit Runge–Kutta methods. In particular, we prove that all stable semi‐discretization of the ADE leads to a conditionally stable fully discretized method as long as the time‐integrator is at least first‐order accurate, whereas high‐order spatial discretization of the advection equation cannot yield a stable method if the temporal order is too low. In the second half of the article, the analysis and the stability results are extended to a partially dissipative wave system, which serves as a model for common practice in many fluid mechanics applications that incorporate a viscous stress in the momentum equation but no heat dissipation in the energy equation. Finally, the major theoretical predictions are verified by numerical examples.
Valuing the cultural services from urban blue‐space ecosystems in Japanese megacities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jo Toshiaki , Sato Masayuki , Minamoto Toshifumi , Ushimaru Atushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The COVID‐19 pandemic is an outstanding global threat for both human health and well‐being. Under the pandemic, green spaces are known to mitigate the physical/mental stress of urban people. However, it remains unclarified how blue spaces such as coastal and river areas play a role in healing urban people's health and well‐being during the pandemic.

Here, conducting an online‐based survey in Japanese megacities, with 5756 responses received from residents of Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Kobe, we examined the effects of personal characteristics of city residents on their visitation frequencies to blue spaces during and after the emergency periods, and compared visitation purposes and motivation between the coastal and river areas. Cumulative linear modelling revealed that people with more nature experiences in childhood and higher satisfaction of neighbourhood coasts and rivers visited urban blue spaces more frequently. In addition, those who lived with pre‐school and primary school children also visited urban blue spaces more frequently than those without, likely for letting them play in blue spaces. These people primarily visited them to decrease their stress and to maintain their health by contacting with nature while keeping social distance to avoid being infected. Moreover, the visitation purpose and motivation partly differed between the coastal and river areas, which could be explained by the accessibility to and perception of blue spaces for urban people.

The present study implies that, as well as green spaces, blue spaces provided places that people in urban areas could use to mitigate their stress and disorder during the pandemic. Our findings underpin the necessity of preserving both of them in urban planning for further benefits relating to health and well‐being.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Der innovative Fehler im Kristall
Authors: Höfling Marion , Porz Lukas , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungVersetzungen sind nicht nur für die plastische Verformung in Metallen zuständig. Sie können auch für das Einstellen hervorragender, temperaturstabiler Eigenschaftsprofile in Keramiken eingesetzt werden. Dies gilt besonders für Elektrokeramiken, deren elektrische sowie piezo‐ und ferroelektrische Eigenschaften technisch bedeutend sind. Das Verständnis des Einflusses von Versetzungen auf den elektrischen Ladungstransport wie auch auf das ferroelektrische Verhalten entwickelt sich rasant. Im wissenschaftlichen Fokus steht die Suche nach einem Ersatzmaterial für den Klassenprimus Bleizirkonattitanat (PZT), das ohne Blei auskommt und nachhaltig ist. Andere mögliche Anwendungen des Einprägens von Versetzungen werden derzeit für die Zukunft diskutiert.
Was 14C über Sonne und Erde verrät
Authors: Köhler Peter , Muscheler Raimund 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDas radioaktive Kohlenstoffisotop 14C, auch Radiokarbon genannt, ist ein wichtiger Informationsträger für die Geowissenschaften. Es hilft, unser Verständnis von Klimaprozessen, der Sonne, des Geodynamos und des Kohlenstoffkreislaufs der vergangenen 55 000 Jahre zu verbessern. Moderne Messmethoden erlauben auch 14C‐Messungen an Kleinstproben. Das verringert die Unsicherheiten in den aktuellen IntCal20‐Alterskalibrationskurven. Dadurch zeigen sich klarere Strukturen in den Veränderungen im 14C‐Gehalt der Atmosphäre und des oberflächennahen Meerwassers während der vergangenen 55 000 Jahre. Dieser Fortschritt ermöglicht eine verbesserte Datierung und Untersuchungen von Sonnenaktivität, Erdmagnetfeld und Kohlenstoffkreislauf. In allen diesen Gebieten der Erdsystemforschung kommen Radiokarbon‐Messungen erfolgreich zum Einsatz.