bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting a price on popularity: Evidence from superstars in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Kaplan Scott M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study estimates spectator willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for superstars in the National Basketball Association. Using microdata from an online secondary ticket marketplace and player absence announcements, I find 4%–22% ($4–$41) reductions in prices when superstars are announced to miss games. Additionally, LeBron James and Stephen Curry exhibit larger impacts in away games: 21% ($73/ticket) for James and 18% ($50/ticket) for Curry. The findings suggest popularity is a better predictor of WTP than productivity, and in line with existing superstar literature, popularity predicts price impacts convexly. This study provides a novel methodology to estimate superstar value, generating implications for the entertainment industry.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of undergraduate students and dentists about dental prenatal care
Authors: Pereira Priscilla Ramos , Storniolo de Souza Juliana Moura , Foratori‐Junior Gerson Aparecido 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal care is a fundamental moment for health promotion to be carried out, since at that moment women are more receptive to new knowledge, with the aim of providing better healthcare for the baby. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of undergraduate students and professionals, both from the public and from private sectors in Brazil, regarding dental prenatal care.Materials and MethodsThis study corresponded to an online questionnaire survey, via Google Forms, consisting of 17 general questions for undergraduates (n = 103) and 16 for professionals (n = 227) for demographic and school mapping, and 18 specific questions about the importance and protocol of dental prenatal care. T‐test, Mann‐Whitney U‐test and multiple linear regression were adopted (p < .05).ResultsThe average total score of the questionnaire for students and professionals was 12.40 and 15.65, respectively (p < .0001), indicating moderate knowledge. Professionals showed a higher prevalence of moderate (77%) and high (2%) knowledge of the subject when compared to undergraduate students (51% and 0% respectively). The graduation period in which the students were enrolled was a predictor of the total score of the questionnaire [F (1, 101) = 21.21; p < .0001; R2 = .165]. The female gender and the lower weekly workload were the main predictors of the total score of the questionnaire for professionals [F (3, 223) = 6.74; p < .0001; R2 = .083].ConclusionsAlthough professionals have greater knowledge about dental prenatal care than students, there are still deficiencies in the knowledge and practices of them in respect of dental management during pregnancy. Higher education institutions need to change the teaching‐learning plan regarding the holistic dental approach for women during pregnancy.
A closer look at the mycobiome in Alzheimer's disease: Fungal species, pathogenesis and transmission
Authors: Phuna Zhi Xin , Madhavan Priya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCandida spp., Malassezia spp., Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. are among the most common fungi detected in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). These fungi are opportunistic organisms, where they often cause infection among immunocompromised patients. Coincidentally, these fungi can reach the brain and cause fungal meningitis. In general, they enter the brain via systemic infection due to disrupted epithelial barrier from skin and gut colonization. Once it reaches the brain, Candida species has been postulated to induce fungal glial granulomas with amyloid precursor protein (APP) accumulated inside. Cleavage of APP can lead to the production of amyloid beta (Aβ). Malassezia species can lead to neuroinflammation via activating helper T‐cell (Th) 1 and Th17 immune response. Besides that, the pathogenesis of Cladosporium species and Alternaria species in AD remains unknown, but it could be related to the neuroinflammation. These two fungal species may have involved in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor production in the brain. All these four fungi can be detected at the same time in the brain, which contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain. This review hopes to shed some light in understanding the presence of fungi in the brain and their possible role in AD pathogenesis.
Uncertainty and the Cost of Bank versus Bond Finance
Authors: GRIMME CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow does uncertainty affect the costs of raising finance in the bond market and via bank loans? Empirically, this paper finds that heightened uncertainty is accompanied by an increase in corporate bond spreads, whereas spreads on bank loans remain unchanged. This finding can be explained with a model that includes costly state verification and in which banks maintain long‐term relationships with borrowers and acquire information beyond what is publicly available. After an unexpected increase in uncertainty, the probability of borrower default increases. Banks leave the loan spread unchanged to maintain the relationship. In contrast, bond spreads increase because investors demand compensation for the increased default risk.
Owners’ views of canine nutrition, weight status and wellbeing and their implications for the veterinary consultation
Authors: Wainwright J. , Millar K. M. , White G. A. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate owners’ views around canine nutrition and wellbeing, how these beliefs may differ according to the weight status of the dog and the implications for owner support approaches.Materials and MethodsA researcher‐mediated questionnaire collected quantitative and qualitative dataviastructured interviews with dog owners (n=147) attending a country park in the East Midlands, UK, with a specific focus on views around canine nutrition and wellbeing.ResultsForty‐four percent of owners cited “past experience” when determining what to feed, and only 9% of owners cited the veterinarian as a source of this information. When comparing chosen verbal descriptionversusnon‐sequential body condition score images of the dog, only 22% of owners with overweight animals matched perceived verbal and visual appraisals, compared with 89% of owners of ideal weight dogs. Owners cited a good diet and regular exercise as important factors for canine wellbeing, but companionship with other dogs as the least important factor.Clinical SignificanceOwners report being aware of the important association between canine nutrition and wellbeing, but their considered importance of factors influencing dog wellbeing may be influenced by their perceived weight status of the animal. Veterinarians may need to reframe owner discourse such that there is more routine discussion around weight and nutrition at every consultation. Furthermore, the use of non‐sequential body condition score images could be a useful tool for a more considered opinion of canine weight status by owners.
Mechanisms by Which Early Eye Gaze to the Mouth During Multisensory Speech Influences Expressive Communication Development in Infant Siblings of Children with and Without Autism
Authors: Santapuram Pooja , Feldman Jacob I. , Bowman Sarah M. , Raj Sweeya , Suzman Evan , Crowley Shannon , Kim So Yoon , Keceli‐Kaysili Bahar , Bottema‐Beutel Kristen , Lewkowicz David J. , Wallace Mark T. , Woynaroski Tiffany G. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTLooking to the mouth of a talker early in life predicts expressive communication. We hypothesized that looking at a talker's mouth may signal that infants are ready for increased supported joint engagement and that it subsequently facilitates prelinguistic vocal development and translates to broader gains in expressive communication. We tested this hypothesis in 50 infants aged 6–18 months with the heightened and general population‐level likelihood of autism diagnosis (Sibs‐autism and Sibs‐NA; respectively). We measured infants' gaze to a speaker's face using an eye‐tracking task, supported joint engagement during parent–child free play sessions, vocal complexity during a communication sample, and broader expressive communication. Looking at the mouth was indirectly associated with expressive communication via increased higher‐order supported joint engagement and vocal complexity. This indirect effect did not vary according to sibling status. This study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms by which looking at the mouth may influence expressive communication development.
Clinicopathological significance of CBX3 in colorectal cancer: An intensive expression study based on formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Wang Hai , Zhao Wenyue , Wang Jiandong , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCBX3 is an isoform of the heterochromatin protein 1 family, which is involved in carcinogenesis and promotes the progression of certain types of cancer. The expression level and clinicopathological significances of CBX3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still not well reported. In this study, we examined CBX3 protein expression in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded normal mucosae, hyperplastic polyps, low‐and high‐grade adenomas, and CRC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. The associations of CBX3 expression levels with clinicopathological parameters, mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression, and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and B‐raf proto‐oncogene (BRAF) mutations were analyzed. Our results showed that CBX3 protein was negatively expressed in normal mucosae and hyperplastic polyps, as well as in most low‐grade adenomas. Interestingly, CBX3 protein was positively expressed in most high‐grade adenomas and CRC tissues. CBX3 expression level was associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.012), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.024), TNM stage (p = 0.008) and survival (p = 0.029). CBX3 expression was associated with MMR protein expression (p = 0.011) and KRAS mutation (p = 0.013), but not with BRAF mutation (p = 0.097). Our data suggest that CBX3 may be used as a molecular marker in CRC to evaluate tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and pathological stage.
Plant hormone profile and control over isoprene biosynthesis in a tropical tree Ficus septica
Authors: Iqbal Md. A. , Miyamoto K. , Yumoto E. , Parveen S. , Mutanda I. , Inafuku M. , Oku H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Plant hormone signalling and the circadian clock have been implicated in the transcriptional control of isoprene biosynthesis.

To gain more insight into the hormonal control of isoprene biosynthesis, the present study measured plant hormone concentrations in jasmonic acid (JA)‐treated leaves of our previous model study, examined their relationship with gene expression of isoprene synthase (IspS) and hormone signalling transcription factors.

Of the plant hormones, IAA and JA‐Ile and their related transcription factors (MYC2 and SAUR21) were significantly correlated with IspS gene expression. Concentrations of cytokinins, isopentenyladenine (iP), trans‐zeatin riboside (tZR) and cis‐zeatin riboside (cZR), were similarly significantly correlated with IspS expression. However, there was no significant correlation between their related transcription factor (ARR‐B) and IspS expression. The circadian clock‐related gene PRR7, but not the transcription factor LHY, was highly correlated with IspS expression. These results suggest that the hormonal balance between JA‐Ile and IAA plays a central role in transcriptional regulation of IspS through the transcription factors MYC2 and SAUR21, the early auxin responsive genes. The putative cis‐acting elements for SAUR on the IspS promoter (TGTCNN and CATATG), in addition to the G‐box for MYC2, support the above proposal.

These results provide insightful information on the core components of plant hormone‐related regulation of IspS under coordination with the circadian clock genes.
A host‐free transcriptome for haustoriogenesis in Cuscuta campestris: Signature gene expression identifies markers of successive development stages
Authors: Bawin Thomas , Bruckmüller Julien , Olsen Stian , Krause Kirsten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of the infection organ of the parasitic angiosperm genus Cuscuta is a dynamic process that is normally obscured from view as it happens endophytically in its host. We artificially induced haustoriogenesis in Cuscuta campestris by far‐red light to define specific morphologically different stages and analyze their transcriptional patterns. This information enabled us to extract sets of high‐confidence housekeeping and marker genes for the different stages, validated in a natural infection setting on a compatible host. This study provides a framework for more reproducible investigations of haustoriogenesis and the processes governing host–parasite interactions in shoot parasites, with C. campestris as a model species.
Dogs and cats with presumed or confirmed intracranial abscessation have low apparent diffusion coefficient values
Authors: Scherf Grégoire , Sutherland‐Smith James , Uriarte Ane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntracranial abscessation is a life‐threatening condition in dogs and cats, and rapid diagnosis is important for prognosis and treatment planning. The aims of this retrospective, single‐center, case series study were to describe clinical and MRI diffusion‐weighted imaging characteristics in three dogs and three cats with presumed or confirmed intracranial abscessation. All lesions appeared hyperintense on b1000 trace diffusion‐weighted images, hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, with mean ADC values ranging from 0.37 to 1.24 × 10−3 mm2/s. The majority (5/6) of the obtained mean ADC values were low (<1.10 × 10−3 mm2/s), as previously reported in the human literature.
Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to pet hedgehogs, United States, 2018–2019
Authors: Hoff Connor , Nichols Megin , Gollarza Lauren , Scheftel Joni , Adams Jennifer , Tagg Kaitlin A. , Francois Watkins Louise , Poissant Tasha , Stapleton G. Sean , Morningstar‐Shaw Brenda , Signs Kim , Bidol Sally , Donovan Danielle , Basler Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn December 2018, PulseNet, the national laboratory network for enteric disease surveillance, identified an increase in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates with an uncommon pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pattern which was previously isolated from hedgehogs. CDC, state, and local health partners interviewed patients with a questionnaire that focused on hedgehog exposures, conducted traceback of patients' hedgehog purchases, and collected hedgehog faecal pellets and environmental samples. Isolates in this outbreak were analysed using core‐genome multi‐locus sequence typing (cgMLST) and compared to sequence data from historic clinical isolates from a 2011–2013 outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium illnesses linked to pet hedgehogs. Fifty‐four illnesses in 23 states were identified between October 2018 and September 2019. Patients ranged from <1 to 95 years, and 65% were female. Eight patients were hospitalized. Eighty‐one per cent (29/36) of patients interviewed reported contact with a hedgehog before becoming ill; of these, 21 (72%) reported owning a hedgehog. Analysis of 53 clinical, 11 hedgehog, and two hedgehog bedding isolates from this outbreak, seven hedgehog isolates obtained prior to this outbreak, and two clinical isolates from the 2011–2013 outbreak fell into three distinct groupings (37 isolates in Clade 1 [0–10 alleles], 28 isolates in Clade 2 [0–7 alleles], and eight isolates in Clade 3 [0–12 alleles]) and were collectively related within 0–31 alleles by cgMLST. Purchase information available from 20 patients showed hedgehogs were purchased from multiple breeders across nine states, a pet store, and through an online social media website; a single source of hedgehogs was not identified. This outbreak highlights the ability of genetic sequencing analysis to link historic and ongoing Salmonella illness outbreaks and demonstrates the strain of Salmonella linked to hedgehogs might continue to be a health risk to hedgehog owners unless measures are taken to prevent transmission.
Impact of social distancing on early SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in the United States
Authors: Sanchez Jessica N. , Reyes Gabriel A. , Martínez‐López Beatriz , Johnson Christine K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a viral pathogen that quickly became a global pandemic in the winter of 2020–2021. In response, governments issued social distancing orders to minimize transmission by reducing community contacts. We tested the efficacy of this social distancing at the state level during the first 2 months of the pandemic in the United States. We utilized data on daily SARS‐CoV‐2 case numbers and human community mobility (anonymized, aggregated cell phone location data stratified into six categories used as an index of social distancing), the date of government‐issued social distancing orders, demographics, urbanization and public transportation. We implemented cross‐correlation to identify lag times between declines in mobility and SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. Incorporating state‐specific lag times, we tested for associations between case counts and mobility metrics using Bayesian multilevel models. Decreased mobility around grocery stores/pharmacies, retail/recreation locations, transit stations and workplaces was correlated with decreases in SARS‐CoV‐2 cases with significant lag times of ≥21 days. Social distancing orders were associated with fewer cumulative SARS‐CoV‐2 cases when they were put in place earlier. Community mobility had already started declining prior to most social distancing orders, especially the more restrictive orders implemented later in the pandemic. Social distancing is an important tool that has been implemented throughout the pandemic to decrease SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, although with significant social and economic impacts. Our results suggest that declines in cases were observed several weeks subsequent to implementation of social distancing measures, and that implementing social distancing earlier could potentially minimize the duration of time these policies need to be in effect. Our findings can inform ongoing management of this pandemic and other emerging infectious disease outbreaks by identifying areas where reductions in mobility are associated with reduced disease transmission, and the expected time frame between behavioural changes and measurable population outcomes.
Thermophysical Characteristics of Liquid Metal In-Bi-Sn Eutectic (Field's Metal) as a Similarity Coolant
Authors: Lipchitz Adam , Harvel Glenn , Sunagawa T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work investigated the thermophysical characteristics of liquid indium–bismuth–tin eutectic alloy also known as Field's Metal for the purposes of use as a similar fluid for liquid metal reactors. The density, specific heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion were determined for liquid Field's Metal for temperature ranges from its melting point 333 K to 423 K. The work captured the effect of temperature on these properties and each property's magnitude. The findings were used to create mathematical correlations to predict the value of the thermophysical property at a specified temperature for use in natural circulation studies. Notably, the work also observed non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior of the alloy near the melting point and that the non-Newtonian behavior relaxes as the material obtains more energy. The results are consistent with the behavior of other liquid metals including variances that occur close to the melting point.
Enhancing quality midwifery care in humanitarian and fragile settings: a systematic review of interventions, support systems and enabling environments
Authors: Homer Caroline SE , Turkmani Sabera , Wilson Alyce N , Vogel Joshua P , Shah Mehr Gul , Fogstad Helga , Langlois Etienne V 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionWomen and children bear a substantial burden of the impact of conflict and instability. The number of people living in humanitarian and fragile settings (HFS) has increased significantly over the last decade. The provision of essential maternal and newborn healthcare by midwives is crucial everywhere, especially in HFS. There is limited knowledge about the interventions, support systems and enabling environments that enhance midwifery care in these settings. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors affecting an enabling environment for midwives in HFS and to explore the availability and effectiveness of support systems for midwives.MethodsA structured systematic review was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed primary research articles published between 1995 and 2020.ResultsIn total, 24 papers were included from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan and Sudan, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Uganda and Liberia. There were two broad themes: (1) the facilitators of, and barriers to, an enabling environment, and (2) the importance of effective support systems for midwives. Facilitators were: community involvement and engagement and an adequate salary, incentives or benefits. Barriers included: security and safety concerns, culture and gender norms and a lack of infrastructure and supplies. Support systems were: education, professional development, supportive supervision, mentorship and workforce planning.ConclusionMore efforts are needed to develop and implement quality midwifery services in HFS. There is an urgent need for more action and financing to ensure better outcomes and experiences for all women, girls and families living in these settings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021226323.
The times, they are a-changin’: tracking shifts in mental health signals from early phase to later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Wang Siqin , Huang Xiao , Hu Tao , Zhang Mengxi , Li Zhenlong , Ning Huan , Corcoran Jonathan , Khan Asaduzzaman , Liu Yan , Zhang Jiajia , Li Xiaoming 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionWidespread problems of psychological distress have been observed in many countries following the outbreak of COVID-19, including Australia. What is lacking from current scholarship is a national-scale assessment that tracks the shifts in mental health during the pandemic timeline and across geographic contexts.MethodsDrawing on 244 406 geotagged tweets in Australia from 1 January 2020 to 31 May 2021, we employed machine learning and spatial mapping techniques to classify, measure and map changes in the Australian public’s mental health signals, and track their change across the different phases of the pandemic in eight Australian capital cities.ResultsAustralians’ mental health signals, quantified by sentiment scores, have a shift from pessimistic (early pandemic) to optimistic (middle pandemic), reflected by a 174.1% (95% CI 154.8 to 194.5) increase in sentiment scores. However, the signals progressively recessed towards a more pessimistic outlook (later pandemic) with a decrease in sentiment scores by 48.8% (95% CI 34.7 to 64.9). Such changes in mental health signals vary across capital cities.ConclusionWe set out a novel empirical framework using social media to systematically classify, measure, map and track the mental health of a nation. Our approach is designed in a manner that can readily be augmented into an ongoing monitoring capacity and extended to other nations. Tracking locales where people are displaying elevated levels of pessimistic mental health signals provide important information for the smart deployment of finite mental health services. This is especially critical in a time of crisis during which resources are stretched beyond normal bounds.