bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anti-Fouling Airway Stent
Authors: Glumac Daniel , Kadowaki Koji , Cho Roy , Peterson Gregory , Hunter Ryan , Kent Leslie , MacIver Robroy , Pandey Vidhu , Tanahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Airway stents are used to keep airways open for those patients symptomatic from tracheobronchial disease. Tracheobronchial disease or central airway obstruction (CAO) can occur with benign or malignant disease, or complications from lung transplantation. Although stents can offer symptomatic relief for CAO, complications such as granulation tissue formation, stent fracture, and infection commonly occur after stent placement. Currently, all airway stents promote mucus buildup which can lead to stent failure and airway complications. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of special anti-fouling coatings to prevent mucus buildup. The coatings have been tested: 1) for wettability, 2) using XPS and TOF-SIMS to characterize surface properties, and 3) in the laboratory (in vitro) to study effects of mucin incubation. Findings include significant improvement in limiting mucus adhesion in a lab model.
Wireless, Battery Free Wearable Electronic Nose
Authors: Finnegan Jason , Peterkin Bridget , Han Hee-Chan , Yentes Jennifer M. , Rennard Stephen I. , Markvicka Eric J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are excreted through the skin or exhaled breath. They are end products of human metabolism, metabolism of gut microflora, and ingested or inhaled substances. VOCs can be noninvasively sampled and could be a useful marker for disease. However, medical diagnostics rarely considers the VOCs that are expelled from the body. Here, we introduce a miniature, low-cost, and battery-free electronic nose (e-nose) sensor for passively identifying chemical patterns that are excreted from the human skin or exhaled breath. The platform is composed of an array of conductive polymer filaments created with a two-layer system of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and four different, solution processable polymers. The “breathprint” signature–consisting of the resistance of each filament–can be read from the sensor using a near-field communication-enabled device, such as a smartphone. The e-nose sensor contains a system on a chip with near-field communication (NFC) functionality and a radio frequency antenna to harvest power. The sensor was tested against six common VOCs that are released from the human body.
Additive Manufacturing of Medical Microdevices
Authors: Saracaydin Renc , Hara Seth A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a growing field, but its application in the fabrication of medical microdevices has not been fully explored. Traditionally, medical microdevices are manufactured via a combination of techniques such as photolithography, laser-cutting, and micromolding, which collectively have challenges such as multiple fabrication steps, limited design freedom, high fabrication cost, and significant fabrication time. Micro vat photopolymerization is presented here as an alternative method to produce four different microscale medical devices that have applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, and bioscaffolding. In terms of minimum feature size and resolution, the presented structures are comparable, if not superior, to literature quoted parts fabricated through conventional manufacturing methods. The fabrication steps, process parameters, design considerations, learnings, and future research directions are outlined.
Evaluating The Dispersal Volume of a Six-Port Arborizing Catheter in Agarose as a Function of Infusion Flow Rate and Catheter Retraction Speed
Authors: Campbell Etse-Oghena Y. , Hsu Fang-Chi , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an emerging method for treating highly aggressive and infiltrative forms of brain cancer, like glioblastomas. However, drawbacks of utilizing CED include limited availability of tools capable of bypassing the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier to deliver therapeutics to saturate the tumor and adjacent tumor periphery where highly infiltrative glioma cells may be located. The consequence is that tumor recurrence at or near the original tumor site is inevitable.
The Convection-Enhanced Thermo-Therapy Catheter System (CETCS) is a remote-operable device comprising of an arborizing catheter and therapeutic delivery control system designed to maximize the distribution of therapeutics in target tissue volumes. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the CETCS in agarose gel brain tissue phantoms while monitoring the volume of infusate delivered, the dispersal volume of the infusate, and the mean distribution ratio of infusate. We report high infusion flow rates increase infusate dispersal volume but can result in backflow up the microneedles tracts; constant microneedle retraction maximizes infusate dispersal volume; and finally, low infusion flow rates resulted in better control of infusion cloud shape and minimized occurrence of backflow along microneedles.
Aberrant Coronary Artery: A Rare Congenital Anomaly Examined Through Pre- And Post-Procedural 3D Anatomical Modeling
Authors: Tenhoff Amanda C. , Iles Tinen L. , Iaizzo Paul A. , MacIver Robroy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Congenital heart disease – structural abnormalities of the heart that are present at and persistent beyond birth – affects about one in every 100 live births every year in the United States [1]. One such disease is that of the aberrant coronary artery, which describes abnormalities of coronary artery morphology. In our case, we examine a patient exhibiting complex aberrant right coronary artery – a rare congenital heart defect. Pre- and post-procedural imaging was acquired from this case, and subsequent three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models were created. These models were used postoperatively to identify and describe the patient’s disease presentation for the purposes of research and education, and were incorporated into virtual reality (VR) scenes in order to further educational insights.
Design and Analysis of a 2-DOF Uterus Manipulator for Use During Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Authors: Fournelis Nicolette , Song Sang-Eun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Uterus manipulators are one of the most useful tools utilized while performing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH). While highly convenient, there are many issues that are presented when using this surgical tool. Slipping, mobility, and the overwhelming varieties of manipulators all create a stressful environment for a surgeon performing this delicate procedure. This suggests that there is room for the development of a robust, multi-functional uterus manipulator that can minimize these issues, and thus create a safer and more effective surgical procedure in the operating room. As a proof-of-concept development, a 3-D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model was produced and then simulated such that it could be tested for determining key parameters of deformation, degrees of freedom, and range of motion. From Finite Element Analysis (FEA), it was found that the suggested design can reduce slippage, has comparable range of motion to that of uterus manipulators on the market, and has increased flexion within the vaginal canal. These results encourage further development and testing to enhance the safety and efficacy of this new design.
The Effect of Adolescent Pregnancy on Child Mortality in 46 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Noori Navideh , Proctor Joshua L , Efevbera Yvette , Oron Assaf P 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionAdolescent pregnancy is a known health risk to mother and child. Statements and reports of health outcomes typically group mothers under 20 years old together. Few studies examined this risk at a finer age resolution, none of them comprehensively, and with differing results.MethodsWe analysed Demographic and Health Surveys data from 2004 to 2018 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia, on firstborn children of mothers 25 years old or younger. We examined the association between maternal age and stillbirths, and neonatal mortality rate (NNMR), infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), using mixed-effects logistic regression adjusting for major demographic variables and exploring the impact of maternal health-seeking.ResultsIn both regions and across all endpoints, mortality rates of children born to mothers aged <16 years, 16–17 years and 18–19 years at first birth were about 2–4 times, 1.5–2 times and 1.2–1.5 times higher, respectively, than among firstborn children of mothers aged 23–25. Absolute mortality rates declined over time, but the age gradient remained similar across time periods and regions. Adjusting for rural/urban residence and maternal education, in SSA in 2014–2018 having a <16-year-old mother was associated with ORs of 3.71 (95% CI: 2.50 to 5.51) for stillbirth, 1.92 (1.60–2.30) for NNMR, 2.13 (1.85–2.46) for IMR and 2.39 (2.13–2.68) for U5MR, compared with having a mother aged 23–25. In South Asia, in 2014–2018 ORs were 5.12 (2.85–9.20) for stillbirth, 2.46 (2.03–2.97) for NNMR, 2.62 (2.22–3.08) for IMR and 2.59 (2.22–3.03) for U5MR. Part of the effect on NNMR and IMR may be mediated by a lower maternal health-seeking rate.ConclusionsAdolescent pregnancy is associated with dramatically worse child survival and mitigated by health-seeking behaviour, likely reflecting a combination of biological and social factors. Refining maternal age reporting will avoid masking the increased risk to children born to very young adolescent mothers. Collection of additional biological and social data may better reveal mediators of this relationship. Targeted intervention strategies to reduce unintended pregnancy at earlier ages may also improve child survival.
Digital health innovations for non-communicable disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Murthy Shruti , Kamath Prashanthi , Godinho Myron Anthony , Gudi Nachiket , Jacob Anil , John Oommen 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo identify and summarise the digital health interventions (DHIs) implemented for non-communicable disease (NCD) management for COVID-19.DesignRapid scoping review. Three reviewers jointly screened titles–abstracts and full texts. One reviewer screened all excluded records. Data were mapped to WHO DHI Classification and narratively summarised.Data sourcesPubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed primary research published between 1 November 2019 and 19 September 2021 on DHI for NCD management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reviews, editorials, letters, commentaries, opinions, conference abstracts and grey literature were excluded.ResultsEighty-three studies drawn from 5275 records were included. A majority of the studies were quantitative in design. Forty per cent of the DHIs were implemented in the Americas. Nearly half of these DHIs targeted mental health conditions. A majority of the interventions were delivered remotely and via telephones. Zoom (26.5%), email (17%) and WhatsApp (7.5%) were the top three platforms for care delivery. Telemedicine, targeted client interventions, personal health tracking and on-demand information services for clients were the most frequently implemented interventions. Details regarding associated costs, sustainability, scalability and data governance of the DHI implementations were not described in the majority of the studies.ConclusionWhile DHIs supported NCD management during the COVID-19 pandemic, their implementation has not been equitable across geographies or NCDs. While offering promise towards supporting the continuum of care during care delivery disruptions, DHIs need to be embedded into healthcare delivery settings towards strengthening health systems rather than standalone parallel efforts to overcome system level challenges.
Monojet search for heavy neutrinos at future Z-factories
Authors: Shen Yin-Fa , Ding Jian-Nan , Qin Qin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe existence of heavy neutrinos is the most prominent feature of type-I seesaw-like mechanisms, which naturally explain tiny masses of observed neutrinos. Various experiments have been conducted to search for heavy neutrinos, with meson decays sensitive to heavy neutrinos lighter thanBmesons and high energy collider experiments sensitive to the ones with masses larger than$${\mathcal {O}}(0.1)$$O(0.1)TeV. In between, there is a mass gap uncovered by these two kinds of experiments, and by this work, we investigate the 3–15 GeV neutrino searches at futureZ-factories via the process$$e^{-}e^{+}\rightarrow Z \rightarrow \nu N \rightarrow \nu \ell {\bar{q}}q'$$e-e+→Z→νN→νℓq¯q′with$$\ell =e,\mu $$ℓ=e,μ. Based on the simulation of signal and background events, we find that the signals appear as monojet events owning to the large Lorentz boost of the heavy neutrinos. Furthermore, the substructures of such monojet are essential to reconstruct the signal and suppress the background. The upper bounds on the cross section of the signal process and the mixing parameter$${\left| V_{\ell N} \right| }^2$$VℓN2are obtained. Compared with other experiments, the monojet method at futureZ-factories will be able to fill the gap around this mass range.
Two-component self-gravitating isothermal slab models
Authors: Bertin Giuseppe , Pegoraro Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe revisit the problem of the isothermal slab (in standard Cartesian coordinates, density distributions and mean gravitational potential are considered to be independent of x and y and to be a function of z, symmetric with respect to the $${{z}} = {{0}}$$

z
=
0

plane) in the context of the general issues related to the role of weak collisionality in inhomogeneous self-gravitating stellar systems. We thus consider the two-component case, that is a system of heavy and light stars with assigned mass ratio ($${\varvec{\mu }}$$

μ

) and assigned global relative abundance ($${{\alpha }}$$
α
; the ratio of the total mass of the heavy and light stars). The system is imagined to start from an initial condition in which the two species are well mixed and have identical spatial and velocity distributions and to evolve into a final configuration in which collisions have generated equipartition and mass segregation. Initial and final distribution functions are assumed to be Maxwellian. Application of mass and energy conservation allows us to derive the properties of the final state from the assumed initial conditions. In general, the derivation of these properties requires a simple numerical integration of the Poisson equation. Curiously, the case in which the heavy stars are exactly twice as massive as the light stars ($${{\mu }} = {{2}}$$

μ
=
2

) turns out to admit a relatively simple analytic solution. Although the general framework of this investigation is relatively straightforward, some non-trivial issues related to energy conservation and the possible use of a virial constraint are noted and clarified. The formulation and the results of this paper prepare the way to future studies in which the evolution induced by weak collisionality will be followed either by considering the action of standard collision operators or by means of dedicated numerical simulations.
Concurrent Activation of Kras and Canonical Wnt Signaling Induces Premalignant Lesions That Progress to Extrahepatic Biliary Cancer in Mice
Authors: Nagao Munemasa , Fukuda Akihisa , Omatsu Mayuki , Namikawa Mio , Sono Makoto , Fukunaga Yuichi , Masuda Tomonori , Araki Osamu , Yoshikawa Takaaki , Ogawa Satoshi , Masuo Kenji , Goto Norihiro , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Muta Yu , Tsuda Motoyuki , Maruno Takahisa , Nakanishi Yuki , Taketo Makoto Mark , Ferrer Jorge , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Nakanuma Yasuni , Taura Kojiro , Uemoto Shinji , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Biliary cancer has long been known to carry a poor prognosis, yet the molecular pathogenesis of carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary system and its precursor lesions remains elusive. Here we investigated the role of Kras and canonical Wnt pathways in the tumorigenesis of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) and gall bladder (GB). In mice, concurrent activation of Kras and Wnt pathways induced biliary neoplasms that resembled human intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm (ICPN) and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), putative precursors to invasive biliary cancer. At a low frequency, these lesions progressed to adenocarcinoma in a xenograft model, establishing them as precancerous lesions. Global gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of genes associated with c-Myc and TGFβ pathways in mutant biliary spheroids. Silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of c-Myc suppressed proliferation of mutant biliary spheroids, whereas silencing of Smad4/Tgfbr2 or pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ signaling increased proliferation of mutant biliary spheroids and cancer formation in vivo. Human ICPNs displayed activated Kras and Wnt signals and c-Myc and TGFβ pathways. Thus, these data provide direct evidence that concurrent activation of the Kras and canonical Wnt pathways results in formation of ICPN and BilIN, which could develop into biliary cancer.

Significance:
This work shows how dysregulation of canonical cell growth pathways drives precursors to biliary cancers and identifies several molecular vulnerabilities as potential therapeutic targets in these precursors to prevent oncogenic progression.
No Back-up Plan: Loss of Isozyme Diversity as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer
Authors: Kehinde Abisola Z. , Parker Seth J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetabolic rewiring in cancer cells supports many aspects of tumor growth. Understanding the mechanisms that result in metabolic rewiring, such as altered enzyme expression, is key to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities that selectively target cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Research, Marczyk and colleagues analyze matched tumor-normal enzyme expression across 14 different cancer types and report that cancer cells exhibit a general loss of isozyme diversity (LID) relative to corresponding normal tissue. The authors hypothesized that the presence of a cancer dominant isozyme may reduce metabolic plasticity and uniquely sensitize cancer cells to isozyme-specific inhibitors. Several LID targets were identified, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which the authors validated using a clinically available inhibitor of ACC1/2. This study is the first to systematically evaluate isozymes affected by LID, which represents a promising strategy to target the unique metabolic demands of cancer.See related article by Marczyk et al., p. 1698
Midkine Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance via mTOR/RPS6 in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Karg Margarete M. , John Lukas , Refaian Nasrin , Buettner Christian , Rottmar Tanja , Sommer Jonas , Bock Barbara , Resheq Yazid J. , Ksander Bruce R. , Heindl Ludwig M. , Mackensen Andreas , Bosch Jacobus J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma that originates in the eye, exerts widespread therapeutic resistance, and displays an inherent propensity for hepatic metastases. Because metastatic disease is characterized by poor survival, there is an unmet clinical need to identify new therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Here, we show that the pleiotropic cytokine midkine is expressed in uveal melanoma. Midkine expression in primary uveal melanoma significantly correlates with poor survival and is elevated in patients that develop metastatic disease. Monosomy 3 and histopathologic staging parameters are associated with midkine expression. In addition, we demonstrate that midkine promotes survival, migration across a barrier of hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells and resistance to AKT/mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, midkine is secreted and mediates mTOR activation by maintaining phosphorylation of the mTOR target RPS6 in uveal melanoma cells. Therefore, midkine is identified as a uveal melanoma cell survival factor that drives metastasis and therapeutic resistance, and could be exploited as a biomarker as well as a new therapeutic target.

Implications:
Midkine is identified as a survival factor that drives liver metastasis and therapeutic resistance in melanoma of the eye.
– "Money: zero!": transcrição da entrevista do compositor Fructuoso Vianna (1896-1976), para o MIS do Rio de Janeiro, em 1974
Authors: Castro Marcos Câmara de , Pereira Rafael Stein 
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é transcrever o depoimento do compositor brasileiro Fructuoso Vianna realizado para o ciclo “Música Erudita”, do Museu da Imagem e do Som (MIS) em 23 de agosto de 1974. Buscamos manter a transcrição o mais fiel possível, identificando terminologias, ideias, e conceitos que atualmente necessitem de maiores explicações. Com o depoimento de Fructuoso Vianna ao MIS, temos o intuito de apresentar as ideias e a trajetória do compositor, a fim de oferecer aos estudantes e pesquisadores elementos que ajudem numa melhor compreensão de suas composições. Além disso procuramos identificar as mais diferentes figuras históricas que perpassaram a vida do compositor.
Association between Periodontitis and Aortic Calcification: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Ying-lin , Ma Jun-rong , Li Shu-na , Liao Min-qi , Xu Shan , Chen Hong-en , Dai Shu-hong , Peng Xiao-lin , Zhao Dan , Lou Yan-mei , Yu Xiao-xuan , Gao Xu-ping , Liu Yan-hua , Liu Jun , Ke Xing-yao , Ping Zhao , Wang Li , Wang Chang-yi , Zeng Fang-fang 
Published: May 2022

The present study investigated the association between the presence of periodontitis and aortic calcification (AC) risk among Chinese adults. A total of 6059 individuals who underwent regular health check-ups and received a diagnosis of periodontitis between 2009 and 2016 were included. The outcome was AC, assessed by a chest low-dose spiral CT scan. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association between periodontitis and AC risk after adjusting for several confounders. After a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (interquartile range: 1.03–4.97 years), 843 cases of AC were identified, with 532 (12.13%) and 311 (18.59%) patients in the non-periodontitis group and periodontitis group, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that, compared with those without periodontitis, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for AC risk in participants with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.02–1.36) ( P = .025) in the fully adjusted model. Stratified analyses showed that the positive relationship between periodontitis and AC was more evident in males and participants <65 years of age (pinteraction = .005 and .004, respectively). Our results show that the presence of periodontitis was positively associated with AC among Chinese adults, especially among males and younger participants.