bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The negative cycle in Chinese
Authors: Meisterernst Barbara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present discussion proposes that renewal processes in the domain of negation manifest themselves predominantly in the change from bi-morphemic, synthetic negation to analytic negationneg+auxby introducing a new auxiliary verb as verbal head. Some of these new verbs may subsequently be merged with the negator resulting into new bi-morphemic negation. The proposed analyticization process accounts for different kinds of complex negation, including aspectual and modal negation, the copula and negative focus markers. I propose a unified mechanism for the morpho-syntactic processes, which change the system of negation in Chinese. Two morpho-syntactic factors contribute to this particular grammaticalization process of Chinese: (1) the diachronically consistent head initial word order within the functional and the lexical (CP/vP) domains (with the exception of sentence-final particles); and (2) the morpho-phonological rule that negation has to attach directly toaux, i.e., to a weak verbal head. Based on particularly the second constraint, I propose that only the combinationneg+auxmodleads to the emergence of new fused negators constituting the head of a Negative/Modal phrase, i.e., a negative phrase (NegP) with modal features. The renewal process of the verbal heads of bi-morphemic negation is caused by semantic bleaching and an increasing intransparency of the negator which triggers the grammaticalization of new (often defective) lexical verbs via upward movement from the lexical to the functional domain. It accounts for the grammaticalization of the aspectual negatorwèi未, of the (negative) copula of Early Archaic Chinese into focus marker and complementizer, and for the replacement of synthetic by analytic modal negationnegmod>neg+auxmod.
Gastrochilus wolongensis
(Orchidaceae): a new species from Sichuan, China, based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Cheng Yuehong , Liao Min , Jin Senlong , Qu Chunmao , Tan Yingchun , Plenković-Moraj Anđelka , Xu Bo 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Gastrochilus wolongensis
(Orchidaceae), a new orchid species from Sichuan Province, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. It morphologically resembles
G. sinensis
, but differs markedly from the latter in having black-purple stripes (vs. purplish-red spots) on the adaxial side of the petals and sepals, a reniform epichile densely covered with long papillate hairs (vs. sparsely pubescent) with purplish-red spots (vs. unspotted), and outside the sac of the hypochile with purplish-red stripes (vs. purplish-red spotted). The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four chloroplast DNA fragments (
mat
K,
psb
A-
trn
H,
psb
M-
trn
D, and
trn
L-F) of 36
Gastrochilus
species showed that
G. wolongensis
was closely related to
G. ciliaris
and
G. formosanus
.
Superconducting quantum interference effect in NbSe2/NbSe2 van der Waals junctions
Authors: Jian Yu , Feng Qi , Zhong Jinrui , Peng Huimin , Duan Junxi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Layered materials with exotic properties, such as superconducting, ferromagnetic, and so on, have attracted broad interest. The advances in van der Waals (vdW) stacking technology have enabled the fabrication of numerous types of junction structures. The dangling-bond-free interface provides an ideal platform to generate and probe various physics phenomena. Typical progress is the realization of vdW Josephson junctions with high supercurrent transparency constructed of two NbSe2 layers. Here we report the observation of periodic oscillations of the voltage drop across a NbSe2/NbSe2 vdW junctions under an in-plane magnetic field. The voltage-drop oscillations come from the interface and the magnitude of the oscillations has a non-monotonic temperature dependence which increases first with increasing temperature. These features make the oscillations different from the modulation of the critical current of a Josephson junction by the magnetic field and the Little–Parks effect. The oscillations are determined to be generated by the quantum interference effect between two superconducting junctions formed between the two NbSe2 layers. Our results thus provide a unique way to make an in-plane superconducting quantum interference device that can survive under a high magnetic field utilizing the Ising-paring nature of the NbSe2.
Novel polymeric phases proposed by cold-pressing SiC tubes
Authors: Wang Yuan-Yuan , Li Zhi-Hui , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Hu Kuo , Yao Zhen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A detailed structural evolution behavior of SiC single-wall nanotubes (SiC SWNTs) under high-pressure is studied by using density functional theory. We proposed four new polymeric phases (hP4-SiC, hP48-SiC, oI32-SiC and oA40-SiC), which possess the high stability, outstanding electronic and mechanical properties. The hP4-SiC, hP48-SiC and oA40-SiC are indirect band gap semiconductors, while the oI32-SiC is direct band gap semiconductor. The exhibited suitable band gap (∼3.1 eV) allows hP4-SiC, hP48-SiC, oI32-SiC and oA40-SiC as the potential blue-laser diodes materials. The Si–C bond in four new structures is the strong covalent bond in sp3 hybridization, which results in their high stability and hardness. The exhibited high decomposition temperature and high hardness make them as the potential high temperature abrasive materials. The stacking way of different rings in structures and atomic arrangement configurations of C and Si atoms in rings induce the anisotropic stiffness of polymeric structures. The analysis of x-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared radiation spectra is performed for a guideline of their synthesis in experiment. These results would help to understand the structural evolution of SiC SWNTs under high pressure and contribute to develop the high hardness and temperature materials.
Feasibility of triple gamma ray imaging of 10C for range verification in ion therapy
Authors: Mohammadi Akram , Tashima Hideaki , Takyu Sodai , Iwao Yuma , Akamatsu Go , Kang Han Gyu , Obata Fujino , Nishikido Fumihiko , Parodi Katia , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. In carbon ion therapy, the visualization of the range of incident particles in a patient body is important for treatment verification. In-beam positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is one of the methods to verify the treatment in ion therapy due to the high quality of PET images. We have shown the feasibility of in-beam PET imaging of radioactive 15O and 11C ion beams for range verification using our OpenPET system. Recently, we developed a whole gamma imager (WGI) that can simultaneously work as PET, single gamma ray and triple gamma ray imaging. The WGI has high potential to detect the location of 10C, which emits positrons with a simultaneous gamma ray of 718 keV, within the patient’s body during ion therapy. Approach. In this work, we focus on investigating the performance of WGI for 10C imaging and its feasibility for range verification in carbon ion therapy. First, the performance of the WGI was studied to image a 10C point source using the Geant4 toolkit. Then, the feasibility of WGI was investigated for an irradiated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom with a 10C ion beam at the carbon therapy facility of the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba. Main results. The average spatial resolution and sensitivity for the simulated 10C point source at the centre of the field of view were 5.5 mm FWHM and 0.010%, respectively. The depth dose of the 10C ion beam was measured, and the triple gamma image of 10C nuclides for an irradiated PMMA phantom was obtained by applying a simple back projection to the detected triple gammas. Significance. The shift between Bragg peak position and position of the peak of the triple gamma image in an irradiated PMMA phantom was 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, which demonstrates the capability of triple gamma imaging using WGI for range verification of 10C ion beams.
Selected topics in diffraction with protons and nuclei: past, present, and future
Authors: Frankfurt L , Guzey V , Stasto A , Strikman M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We review a broad range of phenomena in diffraction in the context of hadron–hadron, hadron–nucleus collisions and deep inelastic lepton–proton/nucleus scattering focusing on the interplay between the perturbative QCD and non-perturbative models. We discuss inclusive diffraction in DIS, phenomenology of dipole models, resummation and parton saturation at low x, hard diffractive production of vector mesons, inelastic diffraction in hadron–hadron scattering, formalism of color fluctuations, inclusive coherent and incoherent diffraction as well as soft and hard diffraction phenomena in hadron–hadron/nucleus and photon–nucleus collisions. For each topic we review key results from the past and present experiments including HERA and the LHC. Finally, we identify the remaining open questions, which could be addressed in the continuing experiments, in particular in photon-induced reactions at the LHC and the future electron–ion collider in the US, large hadron electron collider and future circular collider at CERN.
Highly sensitive spherical cap structure-based iontronic pressure sensors by a mold-free fabrication approach
Authors: Tang Yifeng , Zhang Tieshan , Ren Hao , Zhang Wei , Li Gen , Guo Dong , Yang Liu , Tan Rong , Shen Yajing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The hemispherical structure has been widely adopted for pressure sensor design owing to its predictable and robust architecture. However, limited to the low deformation ability of hemispherical structures under pressure, the sensitivity of such sensor is relatively low, making it not effective when detecting tiny pressure changes. Herein, we investigate the relationship between the general spherical cap structure (SCS) and sensor sensitivity by developing a mathematical model and finite element analysis, and theoretically elucidate that SCS with smaller contact angles could bring higher sensor sensitivity. Then, we fabricate the iontronic pressure sensors from SCS with different contact angles by proposing a mold-free fabrication approach. The experimental results verify that SCS with smaller contact angles can significantly improve the sensor sensitivity while keeping the advantages of the classic hemispherical structure. For instance, the SCS sensor with 30° contact angle exhibits a maximum sensitivity (100 nF kPa−1) under small pressure (1 Pa), which is five-fold higher than the sensors using the traditional hemispherical structure. This study paves an effective and easy way to improve the performance of traditional hemispherical structure-based pressure sensors, and this strategy could also benefit other kinds of highly sensitive sensor design.
Stable ferromagnetism and high Curie temperature in VGe2N4
Authors: Li Yingmei , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The discovery of monolayer MA2Z4 (M = transition metals; A = IVA elements; Z = VA elements) [Hong et al 2020 Science
369 670] family has led another advance for facilitating and harnessing magnetism in low-dimensional materials. However, only Cr and V based MA2N4 compounds exhibit intrinsic magnetism yet with unsatisfied magnetic ordering temperature. Herein, we identify a stable ferromagnetic number of this family, i.e., VGe2Z4 monolayer, by means of first-principles calculations. It is found that the magnetic configuration sustains under both compression and tensile uniaxial in-plane strain, and the former can act as a positive modulator to enhance magnetic ordering temperature (T
C). Electronic structure calculations reveal a large band gap in the spin down channel while band-gapless in the spin up channel, an impressive near-half-metallic character, which is a favorable candidate for spintronic device.
Dependence of scrape-off layer profiles and turbulence on gas fuelling in high density H-mode regimes in TCV
Authors: Stagni A. , Vianello N. , Tsui C.K. , Colandrea C. , Gorno S. , Bernert M. , Boedo J.A. , Brida D. , Falchetto G. , Hakola A. , Harrer G. , Reimerdes H. , Theiler C. , Tsitrone E. , Walkden N. , the TCV Team  , the EUROfusion MST1 Team  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A set of high density, highly shaped H-mode discharges has been performed in the TCV tokamak with the aim of assessing the effects of increasing divertor neutral recycling on the properties of upstream inter-ELM scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles and transport. An increase of divertor neutral pressure has been correlated with the evolution of separatrix properties and turbulence level. The latter has been quantified by means of the α
t parameter introduced in (Eich 2020 Nucl. Fusion
60 056016), describing the contribution of resistive-interchange turbulence in the SOL relative to drift wave transport. The analysis reveals a general broadening of the upstream SOL profiles as α
t increases, with the SOL power width measured by the vertical IR thermography system increasing significantly. In a similar way, the upstream density profile widens in the near SOL, whereas in the far SOL a density shoulder is observed to progressively form and increase in amplitude. This behaviour is associated with an enhancement of far SOL turbulent transport in the form of blob-filaments travelling radially faster across the far SOL and becoming bigger at higher α
t. The detected filaments, evaluated from the fast reciprocating probe at the outer midplane, are determined to mostly belong to the resistive ballooning and resistive X-point regimes.
Do distylous syntopic plant species partition their floral morphological traits?
Authors: Cardoso João Custódio Fernandes , Trevizan Renata , Matallana-Puerto Carlos Andres , Gonçalves Rogério Victor , Oliveira Paulo Eugênio , Coelho Christiano Peres , Matias Raphael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMorphological niche partitioning between related syntopic plants that are distylous (with short- and long-styled morphs) is complex. Owing to differences in the heights of stigmas and anthers, each floral morph must place pollen onto two distinct parts of the body of the pollinator. This led us to hypothesize that such partitioning should be more accurate among distylous syntopic species in comparison to combinations with other related plants that do not co-occur. We tested these assumptions using a set of Palicourea (Rubiaceae) species as a model system. We compared the distribution, flowering phenology, floral measurements and reciprocity of sexual organ heights of two syntopic species (Palicourea rigida and Palicourea coriacea) and one non-syntopic congener (Palicourea marcgravii). The three species overlapped in their distributions and flowering periods. The position of sexual organs was, in most cases, partitioned between syntopic populations, with low overlap in anther and stigma heights. However, we found a higher overlap involving the non-syntopic species, especially between Palicourea rigida and Palicourea marcgravii. Additionally, reciprocity of sexual organs was more accurate in intraspecific inter-morph combinations (i.e. legitimate organ correspondence) in comparison to intraspecific intra-morph, interspecific syntopic and interspecific non-syntopic combinations. The partitioning of morphological traits between syntopic species might facilitate the differential placement of pollen on the body of the pollinator and reduce the chances of interspecific interference.
Alleviating spatial confounding in frailty models
Authors: Azevedo Douglas R M , Prates Marcos O , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe confounding between fixed effects and (spatial) random effects in a regression setup is termed spatial confounding. This topic continues to gain attention and has been studied extensively in recent years, given that failure to account for this may lead to a suboptimal inference. To mitigate this, a variety of projection-based approaches under the class of restricted spatial models are available in the context of generalized linear mixed models. However, these projection approaches cannot be directly extended to the spatial survival context via frailty models due to dimension incompatibility between the fixed and spatial random effects. In this work, we introduce a two-step approach to handle this, which involves (i) projecting the design matrix to the dimension of the spatial effect (via dimension reduction) and (ii) assuring that the random effect is orthogonal to this new design matrix (confounding alleviation). Under a fully Bayesian paradigm, we conduct fast estimation and inference using integrated nested Laplace approximation. Both simulation studies and application to a motivating data evaluating respiratory cancer survival in the US state of California reveal the advantages of our proposal in terms of model performance and confounding alleviation, compared to alternatives.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Human Mobility Patterns for Malaria Control Using a Multiagent Mobility Simulation Model
Authors: Li Yao , Stewart Kathleen , Han Kay Thwe , Han Zay Yar , Aung Poe P , Thein Zaw W , Htay Thura , Chen Dong , Nyunt Myaing M , Plowe Christopher V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
More details about human movement patterns are needed to evaluate relationships between daily travel and malaria risk at finer scales. A multiagent mobility simulation model was built to simulate the movements of villagers between home and their workplaces in 2 townships in Myanmar.

Methods
An agent-based model (ABM) was built to simulate daily travel to and from work based on responses to a travel survey. Key elements for the ABM were land cover, travel time, travel mode, occupation, malaria prevalence, and a detailed road network. Most visited network segments for different occupations and for malaria-positive cases were extracted and compared. Data from a separate survey were used to validate the simulation.

Results
Mobility characteristics for different occupation groups showed that while certain patterns were shared among some groups, there were also patterns that were unique to an occupation group. Forest workers were estimated to be the most mobile occupation group, and also had the highest potential malaria exposure associated with their daily travel in Ann Township. In Singu Township, forest workers were not the most mobile group; however, they were estimated to visit regions that had higher prevalence of malaria infection over other occupation groups.

Conclusions
Using an ABM to simulate daily travel generated mobility patterns for different occupation groups. These spatial patterns varied by occupation. Our simulation identified occupations at a higher risk of being exposed to malaria and where these exposures were more likely to occur.
Up the stairs, down in the elevator? The asymmetric response of emerging market currencies to the global liquidity cycle
Authors: Macalós João Pedro Scalco , Rossi Pedro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper assesses whether there is evidence of an asymmetric relationship between the global liquidity cycle and the currencies of developing and emerging economies (DEEs), a central tenet of the Minskyan interpretation of the exchange rate behaviour in these economies and the ‘financialisation in developing and emerging economies’ literature. We use a novel panel model technique that incorporates asymmetric components to fixed-effects regressions to check if there is evidence of such asymmetry. Our results suggest that capital flows, commodity prices and the VIX have a more substantial relationship with the currencies of DEEs during the retrenchment of the global liquidity cycle than during its expansionist phase. In other words, our results suggest that the currencies of DEEs take the stairs up and the elevator down.
Oesophageal safety in voltage-guided atrial fibrillation ablation using ablation index or contact force only: a prospective comparison
Authors: Schade Anja , Costello-Boerrigter Lisa , Deneke Thomas , Steinborn Frank , Chapran Mykhaylo , Vathie Koroush , Milisavljevic Nemanja , Franz Marcus , Surber Ralf , Assani Mohamad , Hamo Hussam , Khshfeh Muhammed , Lauten Alexander , Mattea Violeta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Left atrial ablation using radiofrequency (RF) is associated with endoscopically detected thermal oesophageal lesions (EDELs). The aim of this study was to compare EDEL occurrence after conventional contact force-guided (CFG) RF ablation vs. an ablation index-guided (AIG) approach in clinical routine of voltage-guided ablation (VGA). Predictors of EDEL were also assessed.

Methods and results
This study compared CFG (n = 100) with AIG (n = 100) in consecutive atrial fibrillation ablation procedures, in which both pulmonary vein isolation and VGA were performed. In the AIG group, AI targets were ≥500 anteriorly and ≥350–400 posteriorly. Upper endoscopy was performed after ablation.The CFG and AIG groups had comparable baseline characteristics. The EDEL occurred in 6 and 5% (P = 0.86) in the CFG and AIG groups, respectively. Category 2 lesions occurred in 4 and 2% (P = 0.68), respectively. All EDEL healed under proton pump inhibitor therapy. The AI &gt; 520 was the only predictor of EDEL [odds ratio (OR) 3.84; P = 0.039]. The more extensive Category 2 lesions were predicted by: AI max &gt; 520 during posterior ablation (OR 7.05; P = 0.042), application of posterior or roof lines (OR 5.19; P = 0.039), existence of cardiomyopathy (OR 4.93; P = 0.047), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR 1.71; P = 0.044). The only Category 2 lesion with AI max &lt; 520 (467) occurred in a patient with low body mass index.

Conclusions
Both methods were comparable with respect to clinical complications and EDEL. In consideration of previous reconnection data and our study results regarding oesophageal safety, optimal AI target range might be between 400 and 450.
An evaluation of 24 h Holter monitoring in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Joosten Isis B T , Janssen Cheyenne E W , Horlings Corinne G C , den Uijl Dennis , Evertz Reinder , van Engelen Baziel G M , Faber Catharina G , Vernooy Kevin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of routine 24 h Holter monitoring to screen for conduction disturbances and arrhythmias in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).

Methods and results
A retrospective two-centre study was conducted including DM1-affected individuals undergoing routine cardiac screening with at least one 24 h Holter monitoring between January 2010 and December 2020. For each individual, the following data were collected: Holter results, results of electrocardiograms (ECGs) performed at the same year as Holter monitoring, presence of cardiac complaints, and neuromuscular status. Holter findings were compared with the results of cardiac screening (ECG + history taking) performed at the same year. Cardiac conduction abnormalities and/or arrhythmias that would have remained undiagnosed based on history taking and ECG alone were considered de novo findings. A total 235 genetically confirmed DM1 patients were included. Abnormal Holter results were discovered in 126 (54%) patients after a mean follow-up of 64 ± 28 months in which an average of 3 ± 1 Holter recordings per patient was performed. Abnormalities upon Holter mainly consisted of conduction disorders (70%) such as atrioventricular (AV) block. Out of 126 patients with abnormal Holter findings, 74 (59%) patients had de novo Holter findings including second-degree AV block, atrial fibrillation/flutter and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Patient characteristics were unable to predict the occurrence of de novo Holter findings. In 39 out of 133 (29%) patients with normal ECGs upon yearly cardiac screening, abnormalities were found on Holter monitoring during follow-up.

Conclusion
Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring is of added value to routine cardiac screening for all DM1 patients.