bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment status of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder treated with long acting injectable paliperidone palmitate: Real world mirror image study
Authors: Markovic M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia spectrum disorders may severely limit ability to achieve and maintain gainful employment of affected working-age individuals.ObjectivesAssess the employment status in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with long acting injectable paliperidone palmitate after the switch from oral antipsychotics.MethodsA single centre mirror image design study of 115 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder was conducted in a tertiary level psychiatric hospital. Data were collected for period of 12 months prior toand 12 months after switching from oral antipsychotic to long acting injectable paliperidone.Employment status for 6 enrolled patients was missing.ResultsMean age of enrolled patients was 38,4±11,6 years. Of the 109 patients analyzed for employment status, 44,4% remained employed for 12 months after switching to long acting injectable paliperidone while 4,6% patients changed their employment status from unemployed to employed after the switch. No patient changed their employment status from employed to unemployed after the switch. 9,2% patients were already retired at the beginning of study period and 5,5% of patients maintained their student status. 36,7% patients remained unemployed for the whole study period. The correlation between employment status of employed and unemployed patients and duration of illness was borderline significant with p=0,049.ConclusionsThe data from this study suggest that use of long acting injectable paliperidone contributed to preservation of working ability of working-age patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clozapine induced myocarditis: a case report
Authors: López Isern M. , Paiva Pajares D. , Martínez Muelas A. , Arévalo Sánchez A. , Sánchez Pérez M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionClozapine is one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs. On the other hand, it can cause serious side effects which have to be monitored. An adverse effect is myocarditis, a type B Clozapine reaction that can be fatal if it is not early diagnosed.ObjectivesTo report a case of a patient with Clozapine induced myocarditis.MethodsA 48 years old women with a schizoaffective disorder was admitted to our Hospital due to a clinical decompensation. She had a manic episode with psychotic symptoms (persecutory delusions and auditive hallucinations). Clozapine was introduced after there were no improvement with Olanzapine, Risperidone and Valproic Acid. A dose increase was made reaching 100 mg/day the first week and 200 mg/day the second week. The third week she started with a 39ºC fever, decreased oxygen saturation, leukocytosis (9560 103/mm3), elevated PCR (210 mg/l) and elevated troponins (52,88 ng/l). EKG and other medical tests did not show alterations. There was not found a clear etiology, so Clozapine was retired as a cautionary measure. The differential diagnosis for etiology included viral infections, Clozapine induced myocarditis or idiopathic.ResultsA few days after the withdrawal of Clozapine, cardiac symptoms improved, suggesting it was the most probable etiology.ConclusionsAlthough it is not very likely to occur, it is important to consider myocarditis as a sever Clozapine side effect.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Is the pursuit of happiness the pursuit of homeostasis? A review on the modulatory functions of endorphins on human behavior
Authors: Conde Moreno M. , Ramalheira F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEndorphins have been associated with analgesia and pleasurable activities. However, the so-called “happy chemicals” are far more complex than initially thought. Research shows that their impact on human behavior is modulatory, with the main goal not being “happiness” but a “return to the most desirable state” – which can be highly context-dependent.ObjectivesReview of the modulatory functions of endorphins on human behavior and their possible implications in psychiatric conditions.MethodsPubmed search consisting of the MeSH terms “Endorphins”, “Opioid Peptides”, “Behavior”, and “Psychiatry”.ResultsEndorphins elicit pleasure via stimulation of the release of dopamine from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. They are known to be involved in analgesia and stress response and social interaction. Endorphins can be released in a multitude of circumstances that may seem contradictory – having both inhibitory and stimulating roles in appetite, sexual response, and memory– but are modulatory effects depending on what constitutes homeostasis in each context. Peripheral levels of endorphins have been found low in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In schizophrenia, studies suggest that peripheral levels are high during psychosis, low in chronic disease and that naltrexone seems to improve auditory hallucinations. Endorphins may also have a role as markers of treatment response.ConclusionsEndorphins have a complex role in behavior and homeostasis. These molecules could have implications in psychiatry- given that they are part of our stress response and are released to promote a more “desirable state”. Their role as a marker of illness or response to treatment needs further investigation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The path to function: using eye-tracking in a real-world task to understand the performance gap for people with severe mental illness
Authors: Regev S. , Josman N. , Mendelsohn A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIndividuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI) often present the knowledge about a task but in real-time do not perform it fully, or not as efficient as planned. This performance gap may be explained by difficulties with Executive Functions (EF).ObjectivesThe aim of the presentation is to describe how people with and without SMI experience and perform grocery task. This, with considering this path from several directions including the subjects’ point of view using eye-tracking device during task performance.MethodsForty-three individuals had answered questions in regards to their shopping habits and performed the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills (TOGSS). The actual performance was accompanied by wearing an eye-tracking device which recorded the behavior and eye movement. We hypothesized that significant differences will be found between people with SMI and controls both in the routine grocery habits and in observed performance.ResultsNo significant differences in age or gender. The groups differed significantly only in education, with the SMI group having fewer years of education. As a weekly routine, SMI subjects perform less frequent shopping (40%) than control group subjects (67%). TOGSS sub-outcomes indicated performance efficiency (time and redundancy) were significantly higher in the research group than in the matched control group (p <.01), with the SMI group spending a longer time performing the task and entering more aisles than required – redundancy.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings indicate that individuals with SMI spend more time dwelling while selecting ingredients. Besides the path in the supermarket, it might explain their performance in other everyday activities.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Exposure to body odours combined with the effect of mindfulness treatment in patients with depressive and social anxiety symptoms - A preliminary study
Authors: Vigna E. , Carli V. , Hadlaczky G. , Wasserman D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTo understand the way chemistry influences human communication is important since the reaction to chemosignals has many implications for science and society. For instance, previous research showed a connection between olfaction and affective psychiatric disorders. Olfactory processing may be impaired in subject presenting depression symptoms (DEP). Furthermore, a heightened sensitivity to social odours has been shown in subject with social anxiety symptoms (SAD). This may be due to the partial overlap of brain areas which are involved in olfactory processing and the pathophysiology of these disorders. Yet, more detailed research on the olfactory processing is required.ObjectivesPOTION is an EU funded project within the Horizon2020 initiative that aims to understand the nature of chemosignals in humans and their sphere of influence on social interaction. Within this project, we conducted a preliminary exploratory study examining whether the odours may be utilized to support positive outcomes of psychological therapy. It evaluates the catalyst effect of the odour conditions on the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation for SAD and DEP.MethodsThirty subjects per patient group (total=60) are randomly allocated to one exposure group (happy or fearful human body odour or clean air) and follow the intervention while being exposed to the odour. Psychological outcome is measured before and after the intervention through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Profile of Mood State questionnaires. Analysis of variance is performed to assess outcome differences between groups.ResultsPreliminary results on a subsample of 32 patients show a trend of deeper reduction of anxiety symptoms at post-treatment among odour-exposed groups compared to clean air (F(1,17)=11.08, p=0.004).ConclusionsFinal results on the complete sample will be available and presented at the time of the congress.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Taking Mental Health into Schools: The work of Headucate Student Society
Authors: Henderson N. , Selwyn V. , Howard R. , Bartolome I. 
Published: September 2022

Headucate: University of East Anglia (UEA) is a student-led organisation aiming to raise awareness around Mental Health through their workshops and events. Events in the last year have included a 24-hour live stream TV fundraiser, UEA’s first Psychiatry and Mental Health conference, a mental health themed stand-up show, mental health assistance workshops, a suicide prevention evening and a variety of panels. Headucate has also collaborated with Beat, the UK’s leading eating disorder charity, to run training aimed at Norwich Medical School students, other healthcare students and Professionals. Headucate provides opportunities for their members, including research, education within the medical community, organising group projects, hosting poster competitions and by collaborating with likeminded initiatives. Workshops were designed to include common mental health conditions; wellbeing; advice regarding looking after yourself and others; ways to get for support and the impact of COVID-19 on our mental health. They are arranged and delivered by our members to school children and university students; they have been adapted to an online platform, which allowed us to reach a wider audience. Outcome measures demonstrating the impact of Headucate’s work were analysed via verbal, written and rated feedback, obtained from participants of workshops and events. Headucate workshops can help to improve mental health awareness and education in schools; however, it is only a local initiative. To educate schools outside of Norfolk, Headucate’s repeatable model can be used to create new branches of organisations that can spread nationwide; so mental health education in schools can be promoted across the UK.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Trends in ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) Utilization During Pregnancy and Post-Partum Period: National Inpatient Sample 2002-2015
Authors: Jaiswal S. , Trivedi C. , Shah K. , Bishay Elshokiry A. , Adnan M. , Tazin F. , Mansuri Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe use of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during pregnancy and in the post-partum period is a critical decision for both providers and their patients. ECT utilization during this critical period needs to be better understood to assess the need and allocate resources for this valuable treatment option.Objectives1) To evaluates baseline characteristics and analyze ECT utilization trends for pregnant and post-partum patients hospitalized in the US. 2) To provide insight into ECT use among inpatient pregnant women with different age groups with various comorbid psychiatric disorders.MethodsThe study used the 2002-2015 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data. Descriptive statistical and trend analyses were conducted to evaluate data.ResultsA study found that a total of 924 pregnancy-related hospitalizations required ECT treatment; 92.2% of these ECTs were conducted in urban hospitals. The mean age of women was 30.3 years, and the majority (71%) were of the White race. Mood disorders (major depressive disorder- 51.9% and bipolar disorder- 37.9%) accounted for the most common comorbid psychiatric illnesses. The payer source (Medicare/Medicaid vs. Private Insurance) was almost equal (47.9 vs. 46.8). Though not statistically significant, the trend analysis showed that the proportion of ECTs during pregnancy out of the total ECT performed for the year almost doubled (0.24% to 0.47%) from 2008 to 2015.ConclusionsThough not statistically significant, the use of ECT in pregnant women has increased in 2015 compared to 2002. Results will help clinicians, policymakers, and various stakeholders to optimize ECT utilization, reimbursement and ultimately improve clinical outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Changes in the practice of electroconvulsive therapy at Semmelweis University before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Herman L. , Fullajtar M. , Zsigmond R.I. , Réthelyi J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Department of Psychiatry at Semmelweis University is the largest electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) centre in Hungary, where a total number of around 300 treatments are conducted every year. Certain changes were administered in 2018 and 2019 in our logistics and internal protocols that helped to increase the number of treated patients and improve quality of care. The COVID-19 pandemic caused serious disruptions in the Hungarian mental health care system , therefore there was a realistic fear that many patients who required ECT would not receive this form of tretament.ObjectivesOur goal was to assess the effects of the pandemic on our ECT service, and to analyse whether patients were able to receive treatment, despite the logistical difficulties.MethodsWe retrospectively gathered data from our internal documentation to compare the number of ECT treatments with the previous years. We also had to take into account the fluctuation in our general caseload of psychiatric patients, since our Department acted as a COVID-19 treatment centre for several months.ResultsTotal number of ECT treatments decreased in 2020 after a peak in 2019, however the numbers were not much lower compared to the years before changes in 2018. Unfortunately, we see a more direct effect of the 3rd wave of the pandemic.ConclusionsWe can conlude that there is a decrease in the number of ECT treatments due to the pandemic, however, the fact that we still provided service in most parts of 2020 and 2021 for patients with the most severe conditions is a serious achivement.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
TMS use in Depressive disorder in Youth
Authors: Wadhwa A. , Sareen A. , Saade Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTrans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive method of altering brain activity (1) has widened the array of therapeutic options available for various psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTrans-cranial Magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive method of altering brain activity has widened the array of therapeutic options available for various psychiatric disorders. •A large number of studies have shown therapeutic benefits in a wide range of patient population with majority of studies in adults. •TMS is used increasingly for the treatment of child and adolescent depression. •Yet, the scarcity of studies and lack of published guidelines for this population is notable. •As TMS use is expanding in this population, an overview of the use of TMS in children and adolescents with depression may provide much needed and timely perspective on this neuropsychiatric intervention.MethodsWe searched all published studies using PubMed database, on TMS use in depressive disorders in children and adolescents. A total of 13 studies were found to have reported use of TMS in depression in children and adolescents.ResultsWe found various case series, open label studies as well as sham controlled blind studies indicating that TMS has been effective in treating depression in children and adolescents. No significant side effects were found in our review.ConclusionsStudies have shown that TMS is an effective treatment option for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Initial studies look promising but implications in large pediatric population may be different and there is a need for more double blind, controlled trials with larger sample size.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Something inside my head
Authors: Jiménez Aparicio T. , Medina Ojeda G. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Santos Carrasco I. , Guerra Valera G. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Navarro Barriga N. , Fernández Lozano M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , De Uribe Viloria N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment for those patients with high suicide risk or refractory psychiatric disorders. It is currently a safe technique, and its effectiveness has been widely demonstrated.ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case about a patient with drug-resistant delusional disorder and high suicide risk, who eventually received ECT treatment.MethodsBibliographic review including the latest articles in Pubmed about ECT procedure, effects and use.ResultsWe present a 45-year-old man, who visited different doctors several times by reporting he had the feeling of “having a brain tumor or a vascular disorder”, so he requested imaging tests (computed tomography and magnetic resonance). These tests were absolutely normal, but he kept thinking something was wrong, and eventually attempted suicide by hanging (his family founded him before it was too late). The patient was admitted to hospital, and started psychopharmacological treatment, with minimal response. He desperately insisted that he had “something inside his head”. At this point, it was proposed to start ECT, and the patient accepted. After 6 bilateral ECT sessions, he was visibly more relaxed and less worried, and he no longer presented autolytic ideation. He was still a little bit suspicious about the feeling of having a neurological disease. Currently, the patient runs a follow-up consultation.ConclusionsElectroconvulsive therapy is a safe and effective technique for those patients with high suicide risk. It may be useful to perform imaging tests in certain cases, for detecting intracranial pressure, acute hemorrhage, tumors… A follow-up of these patients must be performedDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy for Patients with Intellectual Disability. When and how?
Authors: Azevedo F. , André R. , Donas-Boto I. , Jeremias D. , Almeida C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIntelectual disability is an illness with an important burden on patients and caregivers, especially when severe and when comorbidities such as other psychiatric disorders are present. There are case reports of treatment resistant self-aggression, agitation, epilepsy, catatonia and psychosis successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy although controlled studies were not found.ObjectivesThis work reviewed the current evidence for the use of electroconvulsive therapy in the management of patients with intellectual disability as well as its ethical and methodological implications.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the past 20 years; by searching Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: “electroconvulsive therapy”, “intellectual disability”.ResultsPatients with intellectual disability can have incapacitating comorbilities that greatly impair quality of life, and may require withdrawl from the community Treatment often differs from the general population as psychotropic medication can worsen other comorbilities. Electroconvulsive therapy can be a relevant treatment option for comorbidities in this population due to its safety profile. Ethical considerations should be taken into account, especially with non-verbal patients or when adequate representatives have not been chosen or cannot be reached. Different legal challenges may be present on different countries.ConclusionsElectroconvulsive therapy and intellectual disability share the burdens of heavy stigma and low investment. Intellectual disability and it’s commorbidites present both a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Electroconvulsive therapy is an important weapon capable of restoring patients to their families and diminishing the burdens of caregivers and healthcare systemsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cardiac surgery patient: differentiating targets for psychotherapy
Authors: Nikolaeva O. , Karavaeva T. , Nikolaev E. , Zakharova A. , Dulina G. , Hartfelder D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDifferentiation of targets for psychotherapy allows determining certain ways and priorities in psychological treatment of a patient.ObjectivesTo work out a multi-level system of psychotherapeutic targets for clinical groups of cardiac surgery patients (CSPs).MethodsClinical and psychological analysis of 152 CSPs who were to undergo different types of cardiac surgery treatment.ResultsWe have established four levels of psychotherapeutic targets: a patient’s response to surgery, psychopathologic manifestations, personality’s dysfunctional characteristics, and social interaction specificities. Towards CSPs with open-heart coronary artery bypass grafting, the targets appeared to be as follows: low expectations from surgery, low hopes for recovery, low level of satisfaction with life, depressive disorders with somatic manifestations, cognitive abnormalities, anxiety manifestations, manifestation of hostility, rejection of the past, inclination for fatality, reduced vitality, reduced social activity, expectation of help from closest people.Towards CSPs indicated to open-heart aortic valve repair surgery, psychotherapeutic targets were as follows: high expectations from surgery; moderate fear of death; not feeling well; low spirits; depressive disorders with somatic and cognitive-and-affective manifestations; cognitive abnormalities; anxiety manifestations; manifestation of hostility; rejection of the past; reduced hedonism; expectation of help from closest people; reduced social activity. Towards CSPs indicated to minimally invasive surgery, we set such targets as: moderate expectations from surgery; apparent fear of death; depressive disorders with somatic manifestations; anxiety manifestations; cognitive abnormalities; rejection of the past; expectation of help from closest people; reduced social activity.ConclusionsPsychotherapy of CSPs that includes the established targets can contribute to personalized approach in a patient’s treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.