bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose derived carbon nanosphere (CSP) conjugated TTK21, an activator of the histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300, ameliorates amyloid‐beta 1–42 induced deficits in plasticity and associativity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Singh Akash K. , Neo Sin H. , Liwang Christine , Pang Karen K. L. , Leng Jason C. K. , Sinha Sarmistha H. , Shetty Mahesh S. , Vasudevan Madavan , Rao Vinay J. , Joshi Ila , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy , Pavon Maria V. , Sheila Ang R. , Navakkode Sheeja , Kundu Tapas K. , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe master epigenetic regulator lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) p300/CBP plays a pivotal role in neuroplasticity and cognitive functions. Recent evidence has shown that in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), the expression level and function of p300/CBP are severely compromised, leading to altered gene expression causing pathological conditions. Here, we show that p300/CBP activation by a small‐molecule TTK21, conjugated to carbon nanosphere (CSP) ameliorates Aβ‐impaired long‐term potentiation (LTP) induced by high‐frequency stimulation, theta burst stimulation, and synaptic tagging/capture (STC). This functional rescue was correlated with CSP‐TTK21‐induced changes in transcription and translation. Mechanistically, we observed that the expression of a large number of synaptic plasticity‐ and memory‐related genes was rescued, presumably by the restoration of p300/CBP mediated acetylation. Collectively, these results suggest that small‐molecule activators of p300/CBP could be a potential therapeutic molecule for neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
Barriers to activity engagement in older adulthood: Results of a community survey
Authors: Scott Julia E. T. , Luszcz Mary A. , Walker Ruth , Mazzucchelli Trevor , Windsor Tim D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesLosses that occur with age can create barriers to meaningful activity engagement, a crucial aspect of ageing well. Research on this topic is frequently qualitative, with few studies accessing large community samples. This study (a) assessed the frequency specific personal and environmental barriers (such as poor health and limited transport access), identified by older adults in previous research, were endorsed; (b) used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify population subgroups based on combinations of these barriers, and (c) examined associations of subgroups with purpose in life and quality of life.MethodsFour hundred and thirty‐two randomly selected Australian adults aged 65+ years (average age 76.7, 58% female) completed a telephone survey. They were asked whether certain barriers affected engagement and provided data on sense of purpose and quality of life.ResultsPhysical health/mobility were the most frequently reported barriers, followed by sensory difficulties, financial limitations, and caring responsibilities. The LCA revealed up to three subgroups/classes of participants according to the barriers endorsed. Class 1 had low endorsement of all barriers, including physical health. The majority of Class 2 endorsed physical health barriers and other barriers more frequently than Class 1. Class 3 were comparable to Class 2, but also frequently endorsed community access barriers. Class 1 were younger and reported a greater sense of purpose and higher quality of life.ConclusionsPhysical health/mobility barriers to engagement are those most frequently endorsed by older adults. These barriers may increase vulnerability to, or exacerbate the impact of additional barriers, such as sensory difficulties, access to transport and lack of finances.
Total joint replacement may be a valuable treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with osteoarthritis, but uptake is low
Authors: O'Brien Penny , Thuraisingam Sharmala , Bunzli Samantha , Lin Ivan , Bessarab Dawn , Coffin Juli , Choong Peter F. M. , Dowsey Michelle M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite bearing a higher burden of osteoarthritis, little research has examined disparities in the access, utilisation and surgical outcomes associated with total joint replacement (TJR) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non‐Aboriginal patients who underwent primary hip and knee replacement at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne between 1996 and 2019.ResultsA total of 10 277 primary total knee or hip replacements were performed in the 1996–2019 study period, of which 49 (0.5%) patients identified as either Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients were younger (61.7 ± 11.8 vs. 68.3 ± 10.3 years; P < 0.001), recorded higher Body Mass Index scores (median (IQR), 36.0 (29.5–41.4) vs. 30.8 (27.0–35.3); P < 0.001) and were more likely to experience multiple co‐morbidities at the time of surgery. Despite these findings, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients did not experience higher complication rates and experienced comparable, clinically meaningful quality of life improvements 12‐months post‐surgery.ConclusionsTJR appears to be a valuable treatment option for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with end‐stage osteoarthritis. Our study was limited by the small number of procedures conducted in patients who identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Further research is needed to understand why uptake of TJR by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is low.
Prominence of NUDT15 genetic variation associated with 6‐mercaptopurine tolerance in a genome‐wide association study of Japanese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Tanaka Yoichi , Urayama Kevin Y. , Mori Makiko , Arakawa Yuki , Hasegawa Daisuke , Noguchi Yasushi , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Keino Dai , Ota Setsuo , Akahane Koshi , Inukai Takeshi , Hangai Mayumi , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takagi Masatoshi , Koh Katsuyoshi , Matsuda Fumihiko , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

SummaryInherited genetic variation is associated with 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) dose reduction and frequent toxicities induced by 6‐MP. However, the tolerable dose for 6‐MP is not fully predicted by the known variation in NUDT15 and TPMT among Asian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) related to 6‐MP dose among Japanese children with ALL. This GWAS comprised 224 patients previously enrolled in Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group clinical studies with replication attempted in 55 patients. Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were evaluated for association with average 6‐MP dose during the initial 168 days of maintenance therapy. Possible associations were observed across five gene‐coding regions, among which only variants at 13q14.2 were significant and replicated genome‐wide (rs116855232, NUDT15, β = −10.99, p = 3.7 × 10−13). Notable findings were observed for variants in AFF3 (rs75364948, p = 2.05 × 10−6) and CHST11 (rs1148407, p = 2.09 × 10−6), but were not replicated possibly due to small numbers. A previously reported candidate SNP in MTHFR was associated with higher average 6‐MP dose (rs1801133, p = 0.045), and FOLH1 (rs12574928) was associated in an evaluation of candidate regions (padjust = 0.013). This study provides strong evidence that rs116855232 in NUDT15 is the genetic factor predominantly associated with 6‐MP tolerable dose in children in Japan.
Clinical presentation of bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infections after BCG instillation therapy
Authors: Nurminen Pertti , Ettala Otto , Uusitalo‐Seppälä Raija , Högerman Mikael , Kaipia Antti , Boström Peter J. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the timing of the clinical presentation of various types of bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infections in a Finnish population of patients with bladder cancer treated with BCG instillation therapy.Patients and MethodsWe identified patients with a history of post‐instillation BCG infection from 1996 to 2016 using the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Finnish National Infectious Diseases Registry. We categorised infections as systemic if the infection was found in the non‐urogenital system and genitourinary (GU) if the infection affected the urogenital tract. We calculated the time interval between the last BCG instillation and the presentation of the infection. The infection was considered late if the time interval was ≥1 year.ResultsA total of 100 patients with BCG infection were identified during the study period. In all, 39 (39%) infections presented as systemic and 61 (61%) were in the GU tract. The majority of the systemic infections presented rapidly after the last instillation, while five (13%) presented after a latency of ≥1 year. The presentation of GU infections was more heterogeneous, with 12 (20%) presenting as late infections.ConclusionThis study confirms the concept of early and late infection types, especially among systemic infections. However, late infections appeared to be rarer than previously described. Urologists should be aware of the possibility of late BCG infection if patients develop symptoms even several years after the BCG regimen.
A freshwater perspective on the United Nations decade for ecosystem restoration
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Frempong‐Manso Acacia , Piczak Morgan L. , Karathanou Eirini , Clavijo Cristhian , Ajagbe Stephen O. , Akeredolu Excellence , Strauch Ayron M. , Piccolo John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobally, ecosystems have suffered from anthropogenic stressors as we enter the sixth mass extinction within the Anthropocene. In response, the UN has declared 2020–2030 the Decade for Ecosystem Restoration, aiming to mitigate ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. Freshwater ecosystems are disproportionately impacted relative to marine or terrestrial systems and ecological restoration is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. Paradoxically, freshwater is among Earth's most vital ecosystem services. Here we identify meaningful considerations from a freshwater perspective that will lead to progression toward the restoration of freshwater ecosystems: work across terrestrial and freshwater boundaries during restoration, emulate nature, think and act on a watershed scale, design for environmental heterogeneity, mitigate threats alongside restoration, identify bright spots, think long term (a decade is not long enough), and embrace social–ecological systems thinking. Further, we reflect upon the three implementation pathways identified by the UN to translate these considerations into practice in hopes of “bending the curve” for freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems. Pathway 1, building a global movement, could create a network to share experiences and knowledge promoting vicarious learning, ultimately leading to more effective restoration. Pathway 2, generating political support, will be necessary to institutionalize ecosystem protection and restoration by demonstrating the value of freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity. Pathway 3, building technical capacity, aims to improve the current and often ineffective restoration toolbox by incorporating evidence syntheses (i.e., appraisal of evidence base) and Indigenous ways of knowing (i.e., two eyed seeing). Given that freshwater ecosystems are in dire need of repair, it is our hope that these considerations and implementation pathways will contribute to an actionable and productive Decade for Ecosystem Restoration.
How do genetic tests answer questions about neurodevelopmental differences? A sociological take
Authors: Navon Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen it comes to neurodevelopmental differences, a genetic test result can provide compelling answers. However, it is not always clear what the relevant question is. If we want to understand the impact of a genetic diagnosis such as NGLY1 deficiency or the fragile X, trisomy X, or 22q11.2 deletion syndromes on people with neurodevelopmental differences, we must be mindful about what exactly a genetic test is supposed to tell us, where and for whom it matters, and which avenues for action it opens or forecloses. These are all moving targets. Specifically, I discuss the shifting ways a genetic test result can answer the following questions. What is this person's diagnosis? What symptoms and developmental differences are they likely to experience? What is the best way to approach their development, treatment, and care? Will they have a life worth living? When you unpack the sociological nuances of each question, the history behind them, and the uneven ways they are asked, the meanings of the answers change quite radically. I discuss the implications for social inequalities and urge experts and stakeholders to exercise agency when they interpret a genetic diagnosis.What this paper adds

The questions a genetic test can answer depend on a range of social factors.
Whether and how a genetic test result affects diagnosis, identity, prognosis, and treatment is a moving target.
Genetics creates questions about a life worth living that it cannot answer alone.
Stakeholders must choose the questions about neurodevelopmental differences that genetics should answer.
Influence of Hamiltonella defensa infection and predator type on anti‐predator behaviours in pea (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae)
Authors: Humphreys Rosalind K. , Ruxton Graeme D. , Karley Alison J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFacultative endosymbionts can induce benefits and costs to their aphid hosts. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), infection with the γ‐proteobacterium Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. can confer resistance against parasitoids, but may also reduce the frequency of aggressive and escape behaviours exhibited in response to predators. In potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), H. defensa does not appear to influence susceptibility to parasitism, but its impact on anti‐predator behaviours remains unexplored. Here we investigated defensive behaviours in two pea aphid lines (differing in H. defensa‐infection status) and four potato aphid lines (that additionally differed in genotype‐associated parasitism susceptibility) when faced with foraging ladybirds – Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) – and lacewings – Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In response to ladybirds, symbiont‐infected pea aphids exhibited proportionately fewer evasive defences (dropping and walking away) than non‐infected (cured) pea aphids, but more frequent aggressive kicking. Ladybirds provoked more evasive, aggressive, and total defensive behaviours than lacewings. For potato aphids, symbiont status, predator type, and aphid genotype (i.e., assumed parasitism susceptibility) all influenced behavioural repertoires. Overall, infected lines showed greater differentiation in behaviours in response to the two predators than the uninfected lines. The presence of the symbiont H. defensa may be a key determinant of aphid anti‐predator behaviours, but the fitness consequences of this are unresolved. In our study, neither symbiont infection status nor aphid genotype affected the number of aphids consumed by predators.
Spatial variation in ant–tree bipartite networks is driven by a bottom‐up process
Authors: Wang Bo , Ma Li‐Bin , Pan Bo , Dong Yiyi , Huang Jian‐Feng , Peng Yan‐Qiong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spatial shifts in the organisation and pattern of ecological networks may be driven by species composition turnover, changes in species abundance and/or abiotic effects on species interactions.
To test the above assumptions, we collected arboreal ants and recorded host tree species from five latitudinal sites in Xishuangbanna, China. We constructed bipartite networks and compared spatial variation in species composition, interactions and stability change. We also analysed the relationship between network structure metrics and network stability.
Results showed that ant composition differed significantly among the five sites, primarily determined by weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) and Crematogaster ant species. Dominant tree species included Ficus (32 individuals), Hevea (14 individuals), Castanopsis (11 individuals) and Pittosporopsis (8 individuals). Ant richness was positively correlated with tree richness, suggesting that host trees support ant diversity as a fundamental environment. The ant–tree bipartite networks showed low connectance, high specificity and low niche overlap. Links per species and network node were positively correlated with network stability, whereas connectance, nestedness, specificity and niche overlap were not.
Ants and trees formed a nonspecific and sparse bipartite network, and the number of nodes and links per species promoted network stability. Because plant richness was positively related to ant richness, and because arboreal ants feed predominantly on extrafloral nectaries, seeds, insects and honeydew secreted from hemipteran insects, we believe the bottom‐up process plays a central role in determining ant–tree interaction networks.
Density‐dependent and environmental influences on juvenile walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) survivorship in northern Wisconsin lakes
Authors: Zebro Logan R. , Mrnak Joseph T. , Shaw Stephanie L. , Chipps Steven R. , Sass Greg G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWalleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), natural recruitment has declined in northern Wisconsin lakes over time. Age‐0 and age‐1 walleye relative abundance (catch per unit effort; CPE) data from northern Wisconsin (1986–2019) were used to test for abiotic (i.e. lake characteristics and temperature variables) and biotic (age‐0 and age‐1 CPE) factors influencing age‐0 to age‐1 walleye mortality. Age‐0 to age‐1 walleye mortality was elevated at high age‐0 CPE and variable at low age‐0 CPE, which indicated strong density‐dependence. Environmental factors such as spawning and ontogenetic phenology (climate change and ice‐off dates), trophic mismatches, and metabolic and consumptive demand influenced age‐0 to age‐1 walleye mortality less strongly. Elevated age‐0 to age‐1 walleye mortality at low age‐0 CPE supports previous findings of depensatory recruitment dynamics in northern Wisconsin walleye populations. Additional research is needed to address elevated juvenile walleye mortality at low adult stock sizes and/or with declining natural recruitment to inform management decisions.
Design of a europium‐activated lithium‐silicate cyan phosphor via cation substitution
Authors: Ye Shanshan , Luo Dan , Shi Lizhen , Mou Jianpeng , Du Junpeng , Wu Dewu , Zhou Jiangchong , Ding Jianyan , Wu Quansheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium‐containing silicates have been considered as a considerable alternative for luminescent materials. In this study, a novel cyan‐emitting phosphor, Na3LiHf2Si3O12: Eu2+, was successfully synthesized via cationic substitution with Na4Hf2Si3O12: Eu2+ as the initial model. The crystal structure, morphology, and luminescence performance of Na4‐xLixHf2Si3O12: Eu2+ were investigated in detail. The substitution of Li+ for Na+ site causes a significant blue‐shift of the emission band in the range of 550–500 nm and a smaller full width at half maximum. As a result, a cyan phosphor Na3LiHf2Si3O12: Eu2+ that can be effectively excited by near‐ultraviolet and high‐energy beams is obtained. The mechanism of emission regulation was proposed based on the transformation of crystal structure and luminescence performance. In addition, the thermal quenching and cathodoluminescence behaviors were also studied. The results show that cation substitution is an effective method to design new lithium‐containing silicate phosphors.
Acute small fiber neuropathy after Oxford‐AstraZeneca ChAdOx1‐S vaccination: A report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Abbott Molly G. , Allawi Zahra , Hofer Monika , Ansorge Olaf , Brady Stefen , Fadic Ricardo , Torres Gustavo , Knight Ravi , Calvo Margarita , Bennett David L. H. , Themistocleous Andreas C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall fiber neuropathy usually presents with gradual and progressive chronic length‐dependent pain. Acute small fiber neuropathy is rarely reported. Three patients with acute onset neuropathic pain after Oxford‐AstraZeneca ChAdOx1‐S vaccination are described. Two patients were identified at the Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK and one patient in Red de Salud UC Christus, Santiago, Chile. All patients underwent a clinical assessment that included a detailed neurological examination, laboratory investigations, nerve conduction studies, thermal threshold testing, and skin biopsy for intra‐epidermal nerve fiber density. Patients seen in Oxford underwent MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal analysis was not performed. Neuropathic symptoms (burning pain, dysaesthesias) developed in the hands and feet within 2 weeks of vaccination. On clinical examination, there was pinprick and thermal hyposensitivity in the area of neuropathic pain. Laboratory investigation, nerve conduction tests, sympathetic skin responses, and MRI showed no relevant abnormalities. Thermal thresholds were abnormal and intra‐epidermal nerve fiber density in the lower leg was reduced. In two cases symptoms persist after several months. Three cases of definite acute small fiber neuropathy after Oxford‐AstraZeneca ChAdOx1‐S vaccination are described. At follow up, neuropathic pain was present in two of the patients.