bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A micro‐CT analysis of radicular dentine thickness in mandibular first premolars presenting C‐shaped root canals: Identification of potential danger zones
Authors: Sierra‐Cristancho Alfredo , González‐Osuna Luis , Balanta‐Melo Julián , Cafferata Emilio A. , Rojas Carolina , Melgar‐Rodríguez Samanta , Carvajal Paola , Vernal Rolando 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the radicular dentine thickness in mandibular first premolars presenting C‐shaped root canals, to identify the canal walls with less thickness as potential danger zones. In addition, to describe the internal and external anatomical characteristics of these teeth and associate them with the dentine thickness.MethodologyA total of 70 mandibular first premolars presenting C‐shaped root canals were examined. Their internal morphology was analysed using Vertucci’s and Fan’s criteria, and their external morphology was analysed using the ASUDAS score. Besides, the dentine thickness around the root canals was two/three‐dimensionally determined at five root planes and quantified in the distal and the mesial aspects.ResultsAccording to Fan’s, ASUDAS, and Vertucci’s classifications, the most common canal configurations were category C3, grade 3, and type V, respectively. In Vertucci's type III anatomy, the mesial root wall of the lingual canal showed significantly less dentine thickness than the distal wall in the middle plane (p = .031). Similarly, in Vertucci's type V anatomy, significantly less dentine thickness was observed in the mesial root wall of the buccal and lingual canals in the middle plane (p < .001) and the buccal canal in the middle‐apical plane (p = .014) than the distal root wall of these canals. In teeth with ASUDAS grade 3 and 4 scores, significantly less dentine thickness was observed in the mesial in comparison with the distal root wall of these canals. These differences were demonstrated in the middle and middle‐apical planes (p < .001) of grade 3 teeth and the middle‐apical plane (p < .001) of grade 4 teeth. In these root planes, the Ver1‐AS3 and VerV‐AS3 combinations presented a 4‐times greater risk of presenting walls with a critical dentine thickness of 0.6 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 4, p = .025) than the combinations Ver1‐AS2, VerV‐AS2, VerV‐AS4, and VerIII‐AS3.ConclusionsThe root canal system configuration of mandibular first premolars with C‐shaped canals showed a wide range of anatomical variations. The lowest dentine thickness was located in the mesial wall of the canals in the middle and apical root thirds of Vertucci’s type III and V anatomies and in teeth with deep radicular grooves scored as ASUDAS grades 3 and 4. In the middle and middle‐apical planes, the presence of the combinations Ver1‐AS3 and VerV‐AS3 showed a high risk of presenting a critical dentine thickness of 0.6 mm. Therefore, these root canal walls with less dentine thickness represent potential instrumentation danger zones in mandibular first premolars with C‐shaped canals.
The role of heating rate on the sintering of glass powders
Authors: Stevens MacKenzie , Carty William M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is proposed that heating rate affects the apparent sintering temperatures of glass powders. The accumulation of thermal energy over time, or heat work (K s), is calculated over the range from the glass transition temperature to sintering temperature with the logarithm of time for heating rates from 1 to 60 K/min. The required heat work is independent of heating rate for two silicate glass powders but shows a decreasing heat work requirement for increasing heating rates for a borosilicate glass powder. Small cylindrical powder compact samples were used to minimize heat‐transfer problems and were observed thermoanalytically using a hot‐stage microscope. The densification temperature, defined as the peak in the shrinkage versus temperature curve, increases with increasing heating rate and is sensitive to the initial compact density. The use of mechanically pressed compacts with similar compact densities minimizes the contribution of initial density, allowing the comparison of sintering behavior as a function of heating rate.
Bread‐making performance of wheat flours enriched with vital gluten treated with non‐thermal plasma
Authors: Barros Jefferson Henrique Tiago , Ribeiro Vitor Anselmo da Guia , Ferreira Mariana de Paula Kraüss , Steel Caroline Joy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVital gluten (VG) is a food ingredient commonly used in bread making, and its quality varies according to its obtainment process. The objective of this study was to verify the performance of VG treated with non‐thermal plasma (NTP) at 50 and 150 W and 5 L/min of argon gas as an enhancing ingredient for weak or diluted wheat flour. Quality analyses were performed on dough and bread. Farinographic and alveographic data revealed that VG treatment at 50 W increased the development time (13.49% and 5.80%), stability (9.67% and 0%), tenacity (19.98% and 22.51%) and flour strength (30.48% and 27.13%) in doughs containing 14% and 16% protein respectively. Breads prepared with these flours demonstrated an increase in specific volume by 11.70% and 10.05%, and in the number of alveoli by 5.19% and 15.22% respectively. We concluded that NTP used under adequate conditions can positively modulate the functionality of VG.
In vitro and in vivo antithrombotic and antioxidant properties of microencapsulated brewers’ spent grain peptides
Authors: Cian Raúl E. , Oliva María E. , Garzón Antonela G. , Ferreira María del Rosario , D´Alessandro María E. , Drago Silvina R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntioxidant and antithrombotic activities of microencapsulated brewers’ spent grain peptides (BSGH‐C) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) and the in vivo properties using a model of growing Wistar rats fed with sucrose‐rich diet (SRD) were determined. Microencapsulation reduced the cleavage of peptides (66.5 vs. 39.2%), partially preserved the in vitro antioxidant activity (ABTS+ inhibition and FRAP) and reduced the in vitro antithrombotic activity. SRD diet produced a pro‐oxidant and pro‐thrombotic systemic environment in rats, which was reversed by the consumption of BSGH‐C. A positive correlation between in vitro antioxidant and antithrombotic activity of BSGH‐C after SGID with the respective in vivo effects observed in rats fed BSGH‐C (r = 0.9997 and r = 0.9411, respectively) was established. The goodness of both, the in vitro models determining bioactive properties after SGID, and the microencapsulation protecting the peptides from gastrointestinal environment were demonstrated. Thus, it was possible to produce microcapsules with bioavailable bioactive BSG peptides.
Effects of wheat flour supplemented with soy protein concentrate on the rheology, microstructure and water mobility of protein‐fortified precooked noodles
Authors: Yoon Seong , Yang Geunhyuk , Kwon Hyukjin , Lee Suyong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWheat flour was supplemented with different levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) and applied to precooked noodles for protein fortification whose quality attributes were characterised in terms of rheology, microstructure and water mobility. The wheat flours with high levels of SPC showed lower enthalpy values and higher temperatures derived from starch gelatinisation. They also exhibited lower values of the pasting viscosity and dynamic viscoelastic parameters. The mixolab measurements demonstrated that the supplement with SPC was effective in raising the water absorption and dough stability of wheat flour. In addition, the use of SPC‐supplemented wheat flours produced precooked noodles with tight and dense structures, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopic analysis. These microstructural changes were consequently related to higher maximum resistance to extension and lower extensibility of the noodles. However, the SPC‐supplemented wheat flours did not significantly affect the cooking loss of the noodles. Furthermore, three water components with different mobility were observed in the precooked noodles whose spin‐spin relaxation times were distinctly reduced with increasing levels of SPC. Overall similarities in the sensory noodle attributes were detected as wheat flour was supplemented with SPC at a level of 8% (w/w).
Real‐world efficacy and safety of dupilumab in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis: a single‐centre, prospective, open‐label study
Authors: Gu C. , Wu Y. , Luo Y. , Wang S. , Yin H. , Gao Y. , Wang C. , Yao X. , Li W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab, an antibody against interleukin‐4 receptor α, has demonstrated elegant efficacy and safety profiles in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the efficacy of dupilumab varies among AD patients, and compared with the Caucasian population, the data of dupilumab for Asian people, especially Chinese AD patients, is very limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for AD in a real‐world Chinese single‐centre prospective cohort.MethodsWe enrolled 138 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients receiving dupilumab treatment at Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China in this 16‐week, single‐centre, prospective, open‐label study. The patients were evaluated at baseline, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks after first dupilumab administration for multiple physician‐ and patient‐reported outcome measures. Blood eosinophil counts and total serum IgE were measured.ResultsThere were early and sustained improvement in all the efficacy measures evaluated after dupilumab administration. 64.5% AD patients achieved an improvement of ≥75% in the Eczema Area and Severity Index from baseline, and 60.9% patients achieved the Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1 (or a reduction of ≥2 points from baseline) at week 16. The trunk demonstrated the most significantly decreased efficacy score [median decreased 96.24% (interquartile range, 89.04 to 100%)] compared with other body sites. Female (adjusted OR: 2.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.79–5.74) and body mass index (BMI) <24 (3.03; 1.19–7.68) were identified as potential predictive factors of good response; while age >60 (0.57; 0.10–3.28) predicted poor response. Adverse events were reported by 34.1% patients, and facial erythema (13%) and ocular symptoms (10.9%) were the most common.ConclusionsDupilumab demonstrated favourable efficacy and well‐tolerated safety in Chinese AD patients in real‐world practice.
Comparison of perineal outcomes in Chinese women adopting lateral positions and lithotomy positions during the passive and active phases of the second stage of labour: An observational study
Authors: Huang Jing , Lu Hong , Wang Jianying , Yang Minghui , Hu Yinchu , Feng Xue , Ren Lihua , Zang Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of the adoption of lateral positions and lithotomy positions during the passive and active phases of the second stage of labour on perineal outcomes.DesignAn observational study with prospectively collected data, conducted in three hospitals in China.MethodAttending midwives recorded the perineal outcomes and characteristics of women giving birth between July–November 2020. Binary logistic regression was performed to explore the effects of lateral positions on perineal outcomes during different phases of the second stage of labour. The STROBE guidelines guided the reporting of this study.ResultsAmong primiparous women, when compared with those who adopted lateral positions during the passive phase of the second stage of labour and changed to lithotomy positions during the active phase, women who assumed lateral positions during both the passive and active phases had a higher rate of intact perineum/first‐degree perineal tears and a reduced risk of episiotomy, and episiotomy/second‐degree perineal tears. No significant difference was found in perineal outcomes between those who assumed lithotomy positions during the passive and active phases and those who adopted lateral positions during the passive phase and changed to lithotomy positions during the active phase. No significant difference was found in perineal outcomes among multiparous women, regardless of different positions adopted at the passive and/or the active phase.ConclusionLateral positions during the active phase may have protective effects on the perineum in primiparous women. However, adopting lateral positions only during the passive phase did not promote better perineal outcomes, regardless of parity.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study will provide a further reference for the use of lateral positions during different phases of the second stage of labour among primiparous and multiparous women in clinical practice, contributing to the perineal protection during childbirth.
Gravity models for tourism demand modeling: Empirical review and outlook
Authors: Rosselló Nadal Jaume , Santana Gallego María 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTourism demand and its determining factors have been extensively explored over the past decades. Traditionally, the study of tourism demand modeling had focused on the use of time series models and forecasting. Nonetheless, during the last years the literature has revived the approach of gravity models, centered on structural dimension as opposed to dynamic factors. This survey aims to provide a useful overview and detailed information that discipline the existing literature and help future researchers about this field. To do so, this study reviews 143 key published papers that apply a gravity equation framework to tourism demand revealing that it has been used mainly in the context of bilateral tourist movements. Results show how, although the list of determining variables of tourist flows can be very large, GDP, population and distance are the most preponderant ones. Moreover, there are important challenges to be addressed by researchers in terms of empirical application of structural gravity models to tourism.
The Wisdom of the Robinhood Crowd
Authors: WELCH IVO 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTRobinhood investors increased their holdings in the March 2020 COVID bear market, indicating an absence of collective panic and margin calls. This steadfastness was rewarded in the subsequent bull market. Despite unusual interest in some “experience” stocks (e.g., cannabis stocks), they tilted primarily toward stocks with high past share volume and dollar‐trading volume (themselves mostly big stocks). From mid‐2018 to mid‐2020, an aggregated crowd consensus portfolio (a proxy for the household‐equal‐weighted portfolio) had both good timing and good alpha.
Autonomic dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A neurophysiological and neurosonology study
Authors: Papadopoulou Marianna , Bakola Eleni , Papapostolou Apostolos , Stefanou Maria Ioanna , Moschovos Christos , Salakou Stavroula , Zis Panagiotis , Zouvelou Vasiliki , Kimiskidis Vasilios K. , Chroni Elisabeth , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Some ALS patients exhibit concomitant nonmotor signs, and thus ALS is considered a multisystem disorder. The aim of this study is to investigate autonomous nervous system involvement in ALS.MethodsWe investigated 21 ALS patients and 28 age‐matched controls. ALS patients were assessed for disease severity with the Revised‐ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFSR) and for the presence of autonomic symptoms with the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score scale. Sympathetic nervous system was evaluated by sympathetic skin response (SSR) and parasympathetic nervous system by ultrasonography of vagus nerve (VN) at the level of the thyroid gland.ResultsSSR latencies were shorter and SSR amplitudes were higher in controls compared to ALS patients. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the VN was significantly smaller in ALS patients (mean CSA right/left: 1.73±0.62 mm2/1.47±0.53 mm2) compared to controls (mean CSA right/left: 2.91±0.79 mm2/2.30±0.80 mm2), right: p <. 001, left: p <. 001. There was a significant negative correlation between disease duration and CSA of left‐VN (r = –0.493, p = .023). This correlation was attenuated between disease duration and CSA of right‐VN (r = –0.419, p = .059). ALSFSR‐R was positively correlated to CSA of right‐VN (p = .006, r = 0.590). CSA of VN did not correlate with bulbar involvement.ConclusionsThis study confirms the presence of autonomic dysfunction in ALS patients and provides evidence of VN atrophy that correlates with disease severity and duration and is independent of bulbar involvement. Degeneration of dorsal nucleus neurons of the VN is hypothesized.
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lim Jihye , Choi Won‐Mook , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Danbi , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee Han Chu , Choi Jonggi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWe used real‐world data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment‐naïve patients with CHB.MethodsWe analysed 2747 patients with CHB under TAF (n = 502) or TDF (n = 2245) treatments. Virological responses (VR: HBV DNA <15 IU/ml), on‐treatment ALT normalization, the incidence of HCC, renal function and lipid profiles were compared between these groups. Propensity score matching of 495 pairs was conducted for these comparisons.ResultsThe mean age of the total cohort was 48.6 years and 58.2% of the subjects were male. Cirrhosis had a 33.3% prevalence in the population. VRs at 12, 24 and 36 months were achieved in 70.3%, 81.2% and 83.3% of the TAF and 67.9%, 84.3% and 86.1% in the TDF cases respectively (p > 0.05 for all). Normalized ALT, as determined by local laboratory criteria (<40 U/L), occurred in 79.7%, 90.6% and 86.2% of TAF the group and 78.2%, 85.8% and 85.7% of the TDF group at 12, 24 and 36 months respectively (p > 0.05 for all). The HCC risk did not statistically differ across the entire cohort or in the PS‐matched cohort. The TAF group showed a lower median increase in serum creatinine from baseline during the early study period. Compared with the TAF, the TDF group showed significant decreases in total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL, but not in LDL.ConclusionsReal‐word data indicate that TAF has comparable efficacies to TDF in terms of VR and ALT normalization, with no higher risk of HCC.
Automatic feature type selection in digital photogrammetry of piping
Authors: Tian Yang , Ding Chengxiao , Lin Yueh Feng , Ma Shugen , Li Longchuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA building information model for pipes already in place is essential in maintenance, for example, mending, reconstruction, and modernizing. However, current point cloud construction methods are not suited to complex piping systems, and many point cloud merging methods perform poorly in complex piping environments. To provide critical functions for constructing pipe point clouds from digital photogrammetry, a feature type selection network (FTSNet) is proposed. First, a digital photogrammetry method combining FTSNet with handcrafted features is proposed. Second, a piping data set of various piping scenes is constructed and evaluated using the developed data capturing device. A training data set and the corresponding network output categories are determined according to pose‐estimation performance using different image feature types. Finally, experiments conducted on the final test data set indicate that, together, digital photogrammetry and FTSNet can improve accuracy, flexibility, and processing speed.
Nationalism and environmentalism: The case of Vauban
Authors: Posocco Lorenzo , Watson Iarfhlaith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough nationalism has been identified as the dominant ideology of the modern era, and environmentalism is the 21st century rising star, few studies address the relationship between them. The consensus seems to be that they are hardly compatible, considering that nationalism is a boundary‐building phenomenon while environmentalism advocates for the safeguarding of the environment beyond national borders. Drawing on evidence from fieldwork in the region of Freiburg‐im‐Breisgau, near the French‐German border, our study challenges this assumption. Not long ago this was a heavily militarised territory and a place of historical national friction between France and Germany, yet now it has been converted to, and rebranded as, a model of a successful, environmentally friendly region. Rather than wearing down nationalist sentiments, national pride has been reinvigorated as the vestiges of German nationalism have been buried under a thick layer of environmental paint; this time national pride is grounded not in the military power of the nation but in its defence of the environment. Through this case study, framed within the lens of nationalism theories, we argue that nationalism has the potential power to adapt to harmful heteronomous threats such as environmentalism, leverage on and bond with them and finally re‐emerge even stronger.
Challenges of diabetes care in India: Results from a Family Cohort Study
Authors: Devassy Saju Madavanakadu , Allagh Komal Preet , Benny Anuja Maria , Scaria Lorane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes is a significant public health concern in India, with Kerala being labeled as the diabetes capital of the country. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence, treatment, and management of diabetes to examine the unmet need for care to propose cost‐effective strategies.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted on a geographically defined cohort population in Ernakulam.SampleThis paper presents diabetes data of adults ≥30 years enrolled from the community cohort. The interviews were conducted with 997 participants at their residence.MeasurementRandom blood glucose was assessed for each participant using a finger prick test.ResultsThe overall prevalence of diabetes was 30.1%, of which 4.1% of participants had undiagnosed diabetes. Among those with diabetes, 86.3% were aware of their diagnosis; among those aware, 86.5% were on treatment. Among those on treatment for diabetes, 54% achieved controlled blood sugar.ConclusionThe challenge in diabetes management is controlling the blood glucose levels of people who adhere to treatment. Younger employed females from lower‐income quartiles have the highest risk. The study also raises questions about quality and strategies for medication compliance. The findings inspire future research on care needs, policies, and program responses to reduce the diabetes disease burden.
Pricing strategies in the German term life insurance market: An empirical analysis
Authors: Jahnert Jonas R. , Schmeiser Hato , Schreiber Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe life insurance sector is highly regulated. Areas of regulation include not only solvency requirements but also product pricing. In most industries, companies aim to increase producer rents by using information regarding the customer's willingness to pay (WTP), which allows them to endeavor price discrimination if no perfect competition prevails. In this article, we investigate the pricing behavior in the German Term Life insurance market by analyzing market prices, actuarial fair pricing, and the WTP for eighteen customer groups and three product categories. The results show that premiums charged for budget Term Life insurance products are in some cases even below the actuarially fair price. For term life insurance products with additional services, regulation, and market conditions hinder insurance companies from employing advanced strategies of price discrimination and the employment of the WTP.