bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of Invasive Tumor Cells with Infiltrating Macrophages Fuels Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Adaptive Immune Evasion
Authors: Shao Rong , Han Xiao , Zhu Bowen , Luo Jing , Zhang Xuemei , Chen Hui , Brown Christine , Burnside Amy , Fu Guohui , Zhao Faxue , Chen Hongzhuan , Oh Dennis , Schwartz Lawrence M , Liu Yingbin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Heterotypic interaction between tumor cells and adjacent stromal cells mediates tumor development. However, how tumor heterogeneity commits tumors to the malignant transformation and evasion of immunity against metastasis is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the fusogenicity of human invasive glioblastoma, triple negative breast cancer and gallbladder cancer cells that are all characterized by mesenchymal cell plasticity. These cells displayed the rigorous ability to fuse with macrophages and augment epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), transforming the fused cells into highly invasive hybrids. YKL-40 (Chitinase-3-like-1), known to promote inflammation and serve as an EMT marker, was essential and sufficient for both cell fusion and the invasiveness of tumor cells that express EMT and tumor-associated macrophage markers. Intriguingly, differential gene profiling of single clones from the hybrids demonstrated that YKL-40 and immune checkpoint protein B7-2 (CD86) were elevated and functioned to independently suppress anti-tumor immune factor levels of CD8+-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); thus resulting in escape of immune surveillance. YKL-40 and B7-2 dual shRNA abrogated YKL-40-mediated cell fusion and restored CTL anti-tumor immunity, compromising tumor development in xenografts. Clinically, we found tumor hybrids were present in mesenchymal types of glioblastomas, gallbladder cancer and breast cancer. In addition, YKL-40 expression in glioblastoma was correlated with decreased disease-free survival in patients. Collectively, these data offer novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning immune evasion and tumor malignancy, and suggest a new immunotherapeutic intervention strategy by targeting both YKL-40 and B7-2 in cancer.
Targeting Behavioral Interventions Based on Baseline Motivation Increases Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Brody Ilana , Dai Hengchen , Saccardo Silvia , Milkman Katherine , Duckworth Angela , Patel Mitesh , Gromet Dena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Behavioral interventions applied to policy problems often yield varying degrees of success in different sub-populations. Understanding and planning for heterogeneous treatment effects is critical to developing nuanced theories of human behavior and offering more useful guidance to policymakers. In this research, we identify one source of heterogeneity in the effectiveness of behavioral interventions: individuals’ baseline motivation to adopt the encouraged activity. Previous studies suggest that people may not take up an activity either because (1) they have no intentions to adopt it or (2) they fail to follow through despite intending to do so. In a series of preregistered experiments (two online and one in the field; total N = 17,362), we tested two approaches to encouraging influenza vaccination, aiming to either change intentions or facilitate follow-through. The information intervention, designed to enhance intentions by targeting misconceptions, increased vaccination intentions and uptake only among those with relatively low baseline motivation. The follow-through intervention, designed to enhance the salience and convenience of getting vaccinated, increased vaccine uptake only among those with relatively high baseline motivation. This work highlights the importance of aligning the mechanisms targeted by an intervention with individuals’ baseline motivation as a fruitful way to customize behavior change interventions.
Methanol-Supplemented Hierarchical Porous Breath Figure Structure
Authors: Khalid Salman , Hassan Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Honeycomb-shaped, hierarchical porous structure is fabricated using the breath figure method. Different solvents are used to fabricate porous membranes with five different concentrations using spin coating. The diameter of the pores is controlled by the polymer concentration as well as different solvents. Using methanol as an additive solvent a homogeneous porous film is achieved. Furthermore, the effect of different solvents on the titania nanoparticles on the breath figure porous structure shows how titania particles are confined in the polymer matrix. So, using methanol as an additional solvent would be far more practical for synthesizing homogeneous films with different pore sizes than the standard procedure for fabricating the breath figure structure.
Slowly declining growth rates and dynamic reporting delays characterise the Monkeypox epidemic in the UK over May-August 2022
Authors: Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Hinch Robert , Park Josie , Ward Thomas , Charlett Andre , Cumming Fergus , Watkins Nicholas , Fraser Christophe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The monkeypox epidemic in the UK began in May 2022, and subsequently and rather quickly, rates of new cases have declined during August 2022. Identifying the causes of this decline requires accurate estimates of the time-varying epidemic growth rate r(t), which in turn depend upon the reporting delays (defined as the time from onset of symptoms to presenting to healthcare). Using a custom nowcasting method which allows for time-varying delays (EpiLine), we show that the reporting delay for Monkeypox in the UK decreased from an average of 22 days in early May 2022 to 10 days by early June and 7 days in August 2022. Accounting for these dynamic delays shows that the time-varying r(t) declined gradually in the UK over this period. Not accounting for varying time delays would have incorrectly characterised r(t) by a sharp increase followed by a rapid drop. We discuss the importance of this gradual decline, which helps identify the potential mechanisms responsible for the decline in the rate of spread of Monkeypox, which was gradual and started well before vaccines were widely used.
Application of a Novel Local Dynamic Weakening Model Coupled with Smooth-joint Contact in the Simulation of Fault Ruptures and Laboratory Earthquakes
Authors: Ye Sheng Hua , Lui Semechah K. Y. , Young R Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Discrete-element-method (DEM) codes were developed in the field of rock mechanics. Compared to continuum codes, it has many advantages such as allowing larger grain displacements, detachment of grains, and simulation of discrete fractures. However, the disadvantage of DEM codes in the simulation of higher confining pressure triaxial tests were not previously discussed. In this study, we explored how the non-Dirac-delta distribution of contact forces controls the fault rupture initiation, and its impact on fault rupture propagation under high confining pressure. Based on the above study, a novel local dynamic weakening model was proposed and incorporated into the smooth-joint (SJ) contact model. The dynamic weakening model is tested with simulations of experiments conducted under high confining pressures. It is shown to be successful at reproducing realistic fault rupture behaviors, and the synthetic acoustic emission (AE) characteristics including magnitude-frequency relationships and fractal dimensions match those in the experiment.
Estimation of hydraulic conductivity of porous media using data-driven techniques
Authors: Thakur Divya , Chandel Abhishish , Shankar Vijay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of hydraulic conductivity (K) is inevitable for sub-surface flow and aquifer studies. Hydrologists and groundwater researchers are employing data-driven techniques to indirectly evaluate K using porous media characteristics as an alternative to direct measurement. The study examines the ability of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to predict the K of porous media using two membership functions (MFs), i.e., triangular and Gaussian, and support vector machine (SVM) via four kernel functions, i.e., linear, quadratic, cubic, and Gaussian. The techniques used easily measurable parameters namely effective and mean grain size, uniformity coefficient, and porosity as input variables. A 70 and 30% dataset is used for the training and testing of models, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the models. The Gaussian MF-based ANFIS model outperformed the triangular model having R and RMSE values of 0.9661 & 0.0010 and 0.9532 & 0.0015, respectively, whereas the quadratic kernel-based SVM model with R and RMSE values of 0.9520 and 0.0015 performs better than the other SVM models. Based on the evaluation of ANFIS and SVM models, the study establishes the efficacy of the Gaussian MF-based ANFIS model in estimating the K of porous media.
Modified Golden percentage for an Anterior Aesthetic -A Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Zarbah Mohammad A. , Alasmari Fawziah A. , Alharthi Asma A. , Alahmari Rawabi Y. , Chaturvedi Saurabh , Alsubaiy Ebrahim F. , Alqahtani Nasser M. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Golden Proportion, Preston’s Proportion, RED Proportion, and Golden Percentage are the most common theories suggested in the literature to be used for smile analysis and design.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of these four dental aesthetic proportions in a Saudi sample and alternatively propose a modified method for anterior teeth analysis.

Materials and Methods:
The Standardized frontal image of the dentition of 200 selected students was taken. The proportions (Golden Proportion, Preston’s Proportion, RED Proportion, and Golden Percentage) of the maxillary anterior teeth photographs were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. One-sample t-test was used and the p-value was taken significantly when less than 0.05 [p<0.05] and a confidence interval of 95%.

Results:
The assessed Golden Proportion values showed a statistically significant difference from the standard value (62%; p-value < 0.05), Preston’s Proportion showed an insignificant difference from the standard values (p-value > 0.05), Golden Percentage, showed that as much as 77% of 12 teeth and 77.5% of 22 teeth conformed to it. The average mathematically rounded percentages found in this study are as follows: 13%, 15%, 22%, 23%, 15%, and 12%, respectively. No complete matching to RED Proportion was found in any sample.

Conclusion:
All tested proportions except Golden Percentage did not conform to standard values and thus have limited application in anterior teeth analysis in the studied population. The proposed modified Golden Percentages in this study are more representative and recommended for smile design for the Saudi population.
Elastisitas penerimaan pajak dan pendapatan asli daerah Kota Jambi
Authors: Maulana M Reno , Rahmadi Selamet , Parmadi Parmadi 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is 1) to analyze the proportion of sources of local tax revenues to total local tax revenues and locally-generated revenue in the city of Jambi. 2) To analyze the elasticity of sources of local tax revenue and the elasticity of locally-generated revenue in Jambi City. The data used are secondary data during the period 2006-2015. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitative. The results of the study found that 1) The proportion of the largest tax source to total taxes and locally-generated revenue in Jambi City in 2006-2015 came from street lighting tax, while the lowest proportion of entertainment tax; 2) The largest tax elasticity in Jambi City in 2006-2015 is entertainment tax and the lowest is advertisement tax Keywords: Sources of tax revenue, Regional taxes, Locally-generated revenue
Abstrak Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk Menganalisis proporsi sumber-sumber penerimaan pajak daerah terhadap total penerimaan pajak daerah dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Jambi. 2) Untuk menganalisis timgkat elastisitas sumber-sumber penerimaan pajak daerah dan elastisitas Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Jambi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder selama periode 2006-2015. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa 1) Proporsi sumber pajak terbesar terhadap total pajak dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Jambi pada Tahun 2006 -2015 bersumber dari pajak penerangan jalan, sedangkan proporsi terendah dari pajak hiburan; 2) Elastisitas pajak terbesar di Kota Jambi pada Tahun 2006 -2015 adalah pajak hiburan dan yang terendah adalah pajak reklame Kata Kunci : Sumber-sumber Pajak daerah, Pajak Daerah, Pendapatan Asli Daerah.
Biomimetic design of bioartificial scaffolds for the in vitro modelling of human cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Spedicati Mattia , Ruocco Gerardina , Zoso Alice , Mortati Leonardo , Lapini Andrea , Delledonne Andrea , Divieto Carla , Romano Veronica , Castaldo Clotilde , Di Meglio Franca , Nurzynska Daria , Carmagnola Irene , Chiono Valeria 
Published: November 2022

In vitro models of pathological cardiac tissue have attracted interest as predictive platforms for preclinical validation of therapies. However, models reproducing specific pathological features, such as cardiac fibrosis size (i.e., thickness and width) and stage of development are missing. This research was aimed at engineering 2D and 3D models of early-stage post-infarct fibrotic tissue (i.e., characterized by non-aligned tissue organization) on bioartificial scaffolds with biomimetic composition, design, and surface stiffness. 2D scaffolds with random nanofibrous structure and 3D scaffolds with 150 µm square-meshed architecture were fabricated from polycaprolactone, surface-grafted with gelatin by mussel-inspired approach and coated with cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) by 3 weeks culture of human cardiac fibroblasts. Scaffold physicochemical properties were thoroughly investigated. AFM analysis of scaffolds in wet state, before cell culture, confirmed their close surface stiffness to human cardiac fibrotic tissue. Following 3 weeks culture, biomimetic biophysical and biochemical scaffold properties triggered the activation of myofibroblast phenotype. Upon decellularization, immunostaining, SEM and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy showed homogeneous decoration of both 2D and 3D scaffolds with cardiac ECM. The versatility of the approach was demonstrated by culturing ventricular or atrial cardiac fibroblasts on scaffolds, thus suggesting the possibility to use the same scaffold platforms to model both ventricular and atrial cardiac fibrosis. In the future, herein developed in vitro models of cardiac fibrotic tissue, reproducing specific pathological features, will be exploited for a fine preclinical tuning of therapies.
Promising drugs and treatment options for pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: De Re Valli , Repetto Ombretta , Mussolin Lara , Brisotto Giulia , Elia Caterina , Lopci Egesta , d’Amore Emanuele S. G. , Burnelli Roberta , Mascarin Maurizio 
Published: November 2022

Currently-available therapies for newly-diagnosed pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma result in &gt;95% survival at 5 years. Long-term survivors may suffer from long-term treatment-related side effects, however, so the past 20 years have seen clinical trials for children and adolescents with HL gradually abandon the regimens used in adults in an effort to improve this situation. Narrower-field radiotherapy can reduce long-term toxicity while maintaining good tumor control. Various risk-adapted chemo-radiotherapy strategies have been used. Early assessment of tumor response with interim positron emission tomography and/or measuring metabolic tumor volume has been used both to limit RT in patients with favorable characteristics and to adopt more aggressive therapies in patients with a poor response. Most classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma relapses occur within 3 years of initial treatment, while relapses occurring 5 years or more after diagnosis are rare. As the outcome for patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma remains unsatisfactory, new drugs have been proposed for its prevention or treatment. This review summarizes the important advances made in recent years in the management of pediatric and adolescent with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and the novel targeted treatments for relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
Global miRNA expression reveals novel nuclear and mitochondrial interactions in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ferraz Rafaella Sousa , Santos Lucas Cauê Bezerra , da-Silva-Cruz Rebecca Lais , Braga-da-Silva Cintia Helena , Magalhães Leandro , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Arthur , Vidal Amanda , Vinasco-Sandoval Tatiana , Reis-das-Mercês Laís , Sena-dos-Santos Camille , Pereira Adenilson Leão , Silva Lilian Souza D’Albuquerque , Melo Franciane T. Cunha de , Souza Ana Carolina C. Braga de , Leal Valéria S. Galvão , Figueiredo Priscila B. Barbosa de , Neto João F. Abrahão , Moraes Lorena Vilhena de , Lemos Gabriela Nascimento de , Queiroz Natércia Neves Marques de , Felício Karem Miléo , Cavalcante Giovanna C. , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Ândrea , Felício João Soares 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundConsidering the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and their interaction with both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, we investigated the miRNA expression profile in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, including the pathways in which they are involved considering both nuclear and mitochondrial functions.MethodsWe analyzed samples of T1DM patients and control individuals (normal glucose tolerance) by high throughput miRNA sequencing (miRNome). Next, five miRNAs – hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-501-3p and hsa-miR-100-5p – were validated by RT-qPCR. The identification of target genes was extracted from miRTarBase and mitoXplorer database. We also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and miRNAs that had an AUC &gt; 0.85 were considered potential biomarkers.ResultsOverall, 41 miRNAs were differentially expressed in T1DM patients compared to control. Hsa-miR-21-5p had the highest number of predicted target genes and was associated with several pathways, including insulin signaling and apoptosis. 34.1% (14/41) of the differentially expressed miRNAs also targeted mitochondrial genes, and 80.5% (33/41) of them targeted nuclear genes involved in the mitochondrial metabolism. All five validated miRNAs were upregulated in T1DM. Among them, hsa-miR-26b-5p showed AUC&gt;0.85, being suggested as potential biomarker to T1DM.ConclusionOur results demonstrated 41 DE miRNAs that had a great accuracy in discriminating T1DM and control group. Furthermore, we demonstrate the influence of these miRNAs on numerous metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial metabolism. Hsa-miR-26b-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p were highlighted in our results, possibly acting on nuclear and mitochondrial dysfunction and, subsequently, T1DM dysregulation.
Epigenomic signatures associated with spontaneous and replication stress-induced DNA double strand breaks
Authors: Kodali Sravan , Meyer-Nava Silvia , Landry Stephen , Chakraborty Arijita , Rivera-Mulia Juan Carlos , Feng Wenyi 
Published: November 2022

Common fragile sites (CFSs) are specific regions of all individuals’ genome that are predisposed to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and undergo subsequent rearrangements. CFS formation can be induced in vitro by mild level of DNA replication stress, such as DNA polymerase inhibition or nucleotide pool disturbance. The mechanisms of CFS formation have been linked to DNA replication timing control, transcription activities, as well as chromatin organization. However, it is unclear what specific cis- or trans-factors regulate the interplay between replication and transcription that determine CFS formation. We recently reported genome-wide mapping of DNA DSBs under replication stress induced by aphidicolin in human lymphoblastoids for the first time. Here, we systematically compared these DSBs with regards to nearby epigenomic features mapped in the same cell line from published studies. We demonstrate that aphidicolin-induced DSBs are strongly correlated with histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation, a marker for active transcription. We further demonstrate that this DSB signature is a composite effect by the dual treatment of aphidicolin and its solvent, dimethylsulfoxide, the latter of which potently induces transcription on its own. We also present complementing evidence for the association between DSBs and 3D chromosome architectural domains with high density gene cluster and active transcription. Additionally, we show that while DSBs were detected at all but one of the fourteen finely mapped CFSs, they were not enriched in the CFS core sequences and rather demarcated the CFS core region. Related to this point, DSB density was not higher in large genes of greater than 300 kb, contrary to reported enrichment of CFS sites at these large genes. Finally, replication timing analyses demonstrate that the CFS core region contain initiation events, suggesting that altered replication dynamics are responsible for CFS formation in relatively higher level of replication stress.
Predictive value of CD3+ cells and interleukin 2 receptor in systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: He Yu , Xia Ding , Tong Yonghua , Shang Haojie , Liu Xiao , Peng Ejun , Huang Qiu , Tang Kun , Chen Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk factors that influence the development of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), including cytokines and lymphocyte subsets.MethodsA total of 154 patients who underwent PCNL at our hospital between October 2019 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The development of post-PCNL SIRS was the primary endpoint of the study. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors of post-PCNL SIRS. A nomogram was constructed using the independent risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn.ResultsThere were 50 patients (32.5%) who developed SIRS after PCNL. In multivariate analysis, positive urine culture (odds ratio [OR], 3.556; p = 0.048), long operation time (OR, 1.011; p = 0.027), high IL-2R (OR, 1.002; p = 0.018), low percentage of CD3+ cells (OR 0.931; p = 0.006), and high white blood cell (WBC) count (OR, 1.282; p = 0.044) were independent risk factors for post‐PCNL SIRS. These five significant variables were used to generate a nomogram that exhibited favorable fitting. The discrimination area under the ROC curves was 0.795.ConclusionsPatients with long operation times, positive urine cultures, high interleukin 2 receptor, high white blood cell counts, and low percentages of CD3+ cells may be at a higher risk of developing SIRS after PCNL. In these patients, cautious and comprehensive preoperative evaluations and appropriate treatment strategies should be considered.