bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A theoretical study regarding heterogeneity of Rainfall over Madhya Maharashtra
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , RAY K. C. SINHA 
Published: February 2022

While studying the normal rainfall over different districts in Madhya Maharashtra a line of delineation running north-south across the districts was suggested by Mukherjee et al. (1979 1980), This line roughly distinguishes the rainfall distribution in the talukas to the east and the talukas to the east during the months of July and August. In the present paper an effort is made to explain theoretically this heterogeneity of rainfall on both sides of the line of delineation. A two dimensional model for orographic rainfall developed by Sarker (1967) was used for this study. This study shows that the line of delineation roughly coincides with the place where rainfall due to orography becomes nearly zero in the lee side of the Western Ghats.
A statistical study of Bay of Bengal disturbances ( 1961-80) using satellite imagery
Authors: VEERARAGHAVAN K. , MANIKIAM B. , VEERARAGHAVAN N. 
Published: February 2022

With a view to understand the probable intensity of disturbances in the Bay of Bengal that are likely to occur during the various months of the year, a statistical study has been undertaken of depressions and storms during the period .1961 to 1980. As T-number classification according to Dvorak’s scale is available over India only from 1974, systems during the period 1961 to 1973 were converted to the corresponding T-numbers for the purpose of this study.

The frequency distribution of the disturbances reveals the present of double maximum, one in May and the other in October. The modal curve suggests that while severe cyclonic storms occur In May, those with core of hurricance winds generally occur in November and December only.
The southwest monsoon activity over India in Relation to upper tropospheric thermal features
Authors: RAO D. VENKATA , SRINIVASAN T. R. 
Published: February 2022

It has been observed that in 1972 and 1979 which were years of very poor monsoon activity, the upper troposphere over northwest India in the period preceding the onset of monsoon was considerably colder compared to other years of the decade 1970-1979 which experienced generally normal monsoon activity.

The paper presents a study of upper tropospheric thermal features in the pre-monsoon period for the years 1970-1979 with the help of temperature cross-sections at 300 mb level roughly along longitude 75 deg. E. The study has revealed a good association of upper tropospheric thermal features in the pre.monsoon period with the subsequent monsoon activity.
Drought spells over north-central India during the 1979 southwest monsoon
Authors: MOHAN H. S. RAM , VAISALA P. , RAO B. V. APPA 
Published: February 2022

Widespread drought spells were observed over north-central India during the 1979 summer monsoon. An attempt has been made in the present paper to study the impact of drought conditions on the short period water balances of representative stations in the region, following the bookkeeping procedure of Thornthwaite and Mather ( 1955) .Cumulative deviation techniques have been used to delineate and categorise the intensity and duration of drought spells.
A cyclonic storm as seen from enhanced AVHRR satellite imagery
Authors: VEERARAGHAVAN K. , TIWARI V. S. , PRASAD SANT 
Published: February 2022

An Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor has been provided in the TIROS-N series of polar orbiting satellites. With this, very high resolution pictures (1.1 km at the sub-satellite point) can be obtained of the earth's cloud cover. A suitable ground equipment to receive these signals has been set up in the Meteorological Department at New Delhi in February 1981. An attempt has been made m this paper to study the finer aspects of a cyclonic storm which developed in the Bay of Bengal in September 1981.

This study reveals the great utility of enhanced satellite pictures in correctly estimating the centre and intensity of weather systems. The formation of an area of intense Cb clouds to the northeast of the system suggests that the system will subsequently move in a northeasterly direction.
Atmospheric turbidity measurements with Volz sunphotometer at a few background air pollution monitoring network stations in India
Authors: NAND KRISHNA , MASKE S. J. 
Published: February 2022

A network of ten stations was established in India in 1976 for measurement of atmospheric turbidity. The data obtained at Allahabad, Jodhpur, Pune and Srinagar have been analysed and the results are presented. Turbidity is found to be maximum in summer and a minimum in winter at all stations except at Srinagar. Rainout and washout have been found to be quite effective in removing (20 to 30 per cent) the atmospheric particulate matter.

The wavelength exponent measured at Pune has a mean value of 0.5 and exhibits an annual variation with high values during the post monsoon and winter and low values during the summer months.
Numerical simulation of the surge generated by the June 1982 Orissa cyclone
Authors: DAS P. K. , DUBE S. K. , MOHANTY U. C. , SINHA P. C. , RAO A. D. 
Published: February 2022

A coastal zone numerical model has been used to estimate the surge generated by the 67 June 1982 Orissa cyclone. In this model the analysis area extends from 6 N to about 22 N along the east coast of India and there is an open-sea boundary situated, on average, about 300 km from the coast The model utilises a curvilinear boundary treatment to represent the coastlines and uses a non-uniform off-shore grid-spacing adjacent to the coastal boundaries. This allows an increased resolution near the Orissa coast.

Using a forcing wind-stress distribution representative of the Orissa cyclone, we compare the model predicted surges with the observed sea-surface elevations along part of the Orissa coast north of Paradip. The predicted peak surge elevation above mean sea level compares well with the observed values at the Paradip port and Dhamra harbour.
12-hourly changes in vorticity and forecasting of rainfall over Bhagirathi catchment
Authors: RAO D. V. L. N. , SRIVASTAVA K. K. , MEHRA H. C. , BANSAL B. R. 
Published: February 2022

The wind field and 12-hourly change in absolute vorticity have been examined for a few rainstorm situations in the Bhagjrathj catchment one day in advance to the storm with a view to locating areas of positive vorticity changes as one of the criteria in conjuction with other meteorological parameters associated with synoptic types for forecasting rainfall over Bhagirathi catchment.

Convergence patterns as revealed by positive vorticity changes over the area bounded by Lat. 21-26 N and Long. 84-92 E containing Bhagirathi catchment have been plotted and compared with the isohyetal patterns of observed rainfall at 03 GMT of the next day. The study shows that there is resemblance between the two patterns.

It is suggested that the areas of positive total vorticity changes may be taken as a guide to forecast areas of precipitation 12 to 15 hours in advance keeping in view the likely lateral shift of the forecast areas of precipitation as judged by synoptic situation.
Does the Fonetik Spelling System improve Standard Spelling Scores?
Authors: Johnson Ian 
Published: February 2022

This seven month trial was undertaken to determine if the Fonetik spelling system (Jackson, 1994) enabled students with and without spelling difficulties to enhance their regular spelling scores. A sample of 270 students aged between 8 and 13 years were involved. The students were based in 8 schools within an RTLB cluster. The Fonetik system was introduced to all the students within their regular classroom settings. The results indicate that Fonetik was successful in increasing regular spelling scores for students with spelling difficulties and that it can be successfully implemented in schools with guidance from RTLB. This matched the conclusions
of the first trial conducted by Croft and Boyd with the support of NZCER (1993).
Strengthening the Transition for Children with Moderate needs Perceptions of Participants.
Authors: Larson Candice 
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the transition of a child with moderate special education needs to a primary school setting. It was generated out of the professional interest of the author and a prevailing concern over the apparent delay in providing support for children with moderate special education needs within the primary school system. A case study approach was usedto examine the varying perspectives of the parents and teaching staff in a transition process from early childhood to school. The study highlighted the fact that a decrease in support at school during the transition phase placed increased reliance on communication between agencies as well as the importance of aligning early childhood and primary school expectations in terms of learning and behaviour of students with special needs. Implications of this case study identified a number of ways in which to improve transition of children with moderate special educational needs that can continue to build on the specific progress made by these children in their pre-schools.
Narratives of Young Gifted Children.
Authors: Margrain Valerie 
Published: February 2022

This article shares narratives, or learning-informed stories, of young gifted learners. The purpose of the article is to document exceptionalities of the youngest gifted learners, supporting advocacy, and to demonstrate the merit of narrative approaches to assessment. Narrative assessment, including learning stories, is particularly useful for supporting a multi-categorical concept of giftedness, and can be linked to other assessment and curriculum initiatives. Narrative assessment provides a practical approach for teachers, allowing them to be visible and engaged in assessment across the curriculum. This article begins with background to giftedness and description of learning stories. The methodology of the study is reported, followed by examples of narratives of young gifted children. The article then concludes with a discussion of curriculum connections.
Successful Tongan Students in New Zealand Secondary Schools: Default or Design?
Authors: Frengley-Vaipuna Ingrid , Kupu-MacIntyre Lesieli , Riley Tracy 
Published: February 2022

This article outlines the use of Gagne’s (2008) Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) as applied to Tongan secondary school students in New Zealand. Two case studies of Tongan young women are shared with a particular emphasis on the influence of catalysts, the chance factor, and developmental processes upon the development of their gifts to talents. The article explains the Tongan way, a conceptual map for developing better understandings of Tongan gifted and talented students in New Zealand. The article concludes that the Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent is a framework teachers can use to explore giftedness with Pasifika families, communities, and students to assist in better understanding their special abilities, qualities, and needs.
A Discussion of the Principle of Cultural Responsiveness: From Research to Practice and From History to Today.
Authors: Stead Robyn 
Published: February 2022

The Special Education 2000 initiative (Ministry of Education, 1998) led to the creation of the role of Resource Teachers: Learning and Behaviour (RTLB). The role was designed to support inclusion, provide consistent service, and bring about improved outcomes for students with learning and behaviour difficulties and their teachers in Years 0–10. Guiding the management and practice of RTLB is the RTLB Toolkit (Ministry of Education, 2011a). Within the Toolkit, seven principles designed to guide RTLB practice are specified. These are: inclusive teaching, culturally-responsive, ecological approach, collaborative and seamless model of practice, strengths-based, reflective, and evidence- based practice. This article focuses specifically on the principle of culturally-responsive practice. It considers current literature and key documents from the Ministry of Education and discusses a case study that draws on a kaupapa Maˉori framework in order to achieve better outcomes when working with Maori whanau.
The Feuerstein approach in New Zealand : Building on the past, for the future.
Authors: Howie Dorothy 
Published: February 2022

The Feuerstein approach to the teaching of thinking is highly regarded internationally as an effective programme for vulnerable learners and learners with special educational needs. This paper describes this approach.
The need for this approach in New Zealand is discussed, including children’s rights to it, and the New Zealand National Curriculum requirements. This is followed by an analysis of how the approach meets international criteria for an effective programme for the teaching of thinking.
The author’s early New Zealand research on the Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment programme, to build a strong evidence-base for future use of the approach, is described in some detail, and her current New Zealand research project on best-practice with the inclusive and more whole-school integrated use of the Instrumental Enrichment programme is touched upon.
Finally, some guidelines are outlined for the effective use of the Feuerstein approach in New Zealand now and in the future.
Child and Youth Profile: A Toolkit to Facilitate Cross-Disciplinary Educational Planning.
Authors: McLaughlin Tara , Budd Julia , Clendon Sally 
Published: February 2022

Collaboration is an essential component of optimal educational planning. In order to collaborate effectively, it is important that information from all of those involved with the learner is used to develop a multi-dimensional understanding of the child/youth. Yet the identification, sharing and collating of this key information can be a difficult process due to lack of time, a focus on specialist jargon, and lack of tools or expertise. In this article, we introduce a toolkit, called the New Zealand Child and Youth Profile, to assist educational teams to discuss key aspects of children’s functional experiences and abilities to inform educational planning. The toolkit is inspired by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth (ICF- CY) but contextualised for New Zealand. The toolkit has recently been piloted and revised based on user feedback and is available for teams interested in using it to facilitate cross-disciplinary educational planning.
Teachers’ Perspectives on Classroom Management: Confidence, Strategies and Professional Development.
Authors: Quinn Lynette 
Published: February 2022

The issue of behaviour management is one that is consistently reported as a concern facing teachers in today’s classrooms. This study, which surveyed 110 teachers of Year 1 to Year 4 students, examined the behaviour management training teacher respondents had received both pre-service and inservice, as well as the behaviour management strategies they perceived as useful.
The results of this survey indicate a requirement for a comprehensive classroom behaviour management programme to be utilised (particularly for teacher trainees). This type of training can assist in ensuring that positive reinforcing skills and strategies are enabled to provide the best-possible learning environment for students and teachers alike.
A shackled heart: Teacher Aides' experience of supporting students with high needs in regular classrooms.
Authors: Tutty Chris , Hocking Clare 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to seek understanding of the experience of those who support students with high needs in regular classes. Seven teacher aides were interviewed, with the interview and data analysis guided by Heideggerian phenomenology. The findings reveal that teacher aides are unprepared for the responsibility or the relationship that develops with students. The nature of this relationship is brought to light, revealing meaning for teacher aides' mode of caring and how they provide support. As they embody experiences of the student as their own, teacher aides feel "one step away from mother". Their support goes beyond the boundaries of the school day, as they constantly worry and plan ahead. Their hearts are shackled. Serious concerns arise for teacher aides and students when there is an absence of awareness and acknowledgement of the nature of the relationship being created.
Improving school culture: What we learnt from three primary schools.
Authors: Gaffney Michael , McCormack Jaleh , Higgins Nancy , Taylor Nicola 
Published: February 2022

This research article summaries a study that set out to collect information about the actions that three primary schools have taken to develop a more positive school culture. The aim was to identify in what ways a change in culture could contribute to an improvement in school relationships and a reduction in bullying.
The research questions focused on what the schools were like previously, how change was initiated, what programmes and community support were used, what the outcomes have been for adults and students, and what were the current challenges and goals that each school faced. A researcher was assigned to each school where they undertook interviews with a range of adults in the school and facilitated focus groups with students.
The results of the comparative analysis show that there are identifiable factors common to the approaches used by all three schools. These factors were the importance of leadership, the centrality of relationships, the nature of the programmes adopted, and finally, the nature of the change process itself. While there were many differences between the schools, these differences did not alter the relevance of the factors identified above.
Ecological and developmental issues in the practice of educational psychology.
Authors: Bowler Josephine 
Published: February 2022

This conceptual article examines what is meant by the term ‘ecological-contextual’ in relation to the assessment of children’s needs. Revisiting the discipline of ethology, the article applies the construct of niche to the human species, including examples from children’s experiences tovalidate the relevance of this link. Issues of power imbalance in relationships are discussed in relation to the strategies children use to assume some control over the situationsthey find themselves in. It is suggested that without a comprehensive contextual analysis it becomes more likely that children’s problematic behaviours will be interpreted in terms of medical categories. A range of theoretical perspectives linked to the reciprocity that characterises all relationships and the significance of such reciprocity to children’s construction of meaning and feelings of self-efficacy is discussed. The hypothesis that attachment issuescan become a disorder for the child is challenged. The use of the community genogram is introduced as a working tool for exploring children’s multiple contexts. While the practiceof educational psychology is the primary focus of this article, the dimensions discussed have equal relevance to all who work with children presenting problematic behaviours ordevelopmental concerns. This article is intended to initiate further dialogue on these themes.
Forearm and Arm Tourniquet Tolerance
Authors: Lefebvre Rachel , Cohen Landon , Kay Harrison Ford , Mostofi Amir , Ghiassi Alidad , Stevanovic Milan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
In distal upper extremity surgeries, there can be a choice to use an upper arm or forearm tourniquet. This study examines discomfort and tolerance in healthy volunteers to determine whether one is more comfortable.

Methods:
Forty healthy, study participants were randomized to an upper extremity laterality and site. Tourniquets were inflated to 100 mm Hg over systolic blood pressure. Participants experienced an upper arm and a forearm tourniquet sequentially. Visual analog scores (VAS) were recorded at 2-minute intervals. Time until request and VAS at tourniquet deflation were recorded. Time until the complete resolution of paresthesias was also recorded. Participants subjectively stated which tourniquet felt more comfortable.

Results:
Tourniquets were inflated longer on the forearm than the upper arm (mean 16.1 minutes versus 12.2 minutes; P < 0.0001). VAS at tourniquet removal was not different between the sites (means 7.3 and 7.3) (P = 0.839). Time until paresthesia resolution after the tourniquet was deflated was not different (means 8.1 and 7.7 minutes) (P = 0.675). Time until paresthesia resolution was proportional to tourniquet inflation time for both sites (regression coefficient 0.41; P < 0.00001). Participants found the forearm more comfortable (95% confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.92).

Conclusion:
Forearm placement allows the tourniquet to be inflated for an average of 4 minutes longer. Forearm tourniquet is subjectively more comfortable.
Association of heavy bag lifting time with postural pain in secondary school students
Authors: Zaheer Maha , Fatima Noor , Riaz Usman , Haseeb Narmeen 
Published: February 2022

To determine the association between heavy bag lifting with posture among secondary school students. METHODS: This study was a cross sectional survey. Based on sample of convenience, total 380 Students of both gendersbelonging to Beaconhouse School System, KIPS School System,Educators School and The Punjab School System were included with an age 14 to 17 years (school grade 9 to 12). The data was collected using the Reedco scale and Grimmer’s Questionnaire for assessment of posture and, use of heavy bags andits associated pain, respectively. RESULTS: The majority of participants in this consisted of young adults above 12 years (39%) and below 12years (34%) with male predominant (54%). 370 students out of 380 were carrying heavy bags. The types of bags they mostly carry were backpacks (51%), satchel (34%) and others (15%). 48% of these students never used lockers and 40% of them often use locker 55% of them never use waist belt to carry bag. Most of the students 48% spend 11 to 20 minutes for carrying bag per day.61% of them carry extra load (water bottles, lunch boxes, guide books) with them also. Out of 380 students 246 had pain in different body regions due to heavy bags 64% had neck pain and 53% had upper back pain while 19% had shoulder pain. Out of 184 students that carry bag from 11 to 20 minutes, 115 had poor neck posture, 133 had poor shoulder posture 25 had poor head posture and 5 had poor upper back pain and that carry from 21 to 30 minutes out of 167 students 122 had bad neck posture and 132 had poor shoulder posture 50 had poor head posture 105 had poor upper back posture. CONCLUSION: There was found significant association between heavy bag lifting and poor posture with related pain in regions of cervical followed by upper back in secondary school students.
EKSEGESIS KEJADIAN 16 TENTANG MAKNA JANJI TUHAN KEPADA HAGAR
Authors: Christian Lawrence 
Published: February 2022

There are many stories written in the bible and one of them is the storyof Hagar in the middle of Abram ans Sarai’s family who have not had children. In Genesis 16 Hagar has a problem in his life so that he runs away from his problem, Gos meets him and gives a promise or hope for his problem. The purpose of thie research is to prove thar Dog made a promise to Hagar by means of an exegetical process. To complete this research, the resacrher used the descriptive-inductive method. The results of the research found the meaning of the promise that God gave to Hagar. The conclusion is that in every problem that exists, God lways has a way to solve it.