bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis: Assessment of hospital walking programs among older patients
Authors: Loyd Christine , Zhang Yue , Weisberg Tara , Boyett James , Huckaby Elizabeth R. , Grundhoefer Jeri , Otero Steve , Roberts Lisa , Giordano‐Mooga Samantha , Capo‐Lugo Carmen , Smith Catherine H. , Kennedy Richard E. , King Barbara J. , Brown Cynthia J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to assess effect of hospital walking programs on outcomes for older inpatients and to characterize hospital walking dose reported across studies.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis examining impact of hospital walking and/or reported walking dose among medical‐surgical inpatients. For inclusion, studies were observational or experimental, published in English, enrolled inpatients aged ≥ 65 yrs hospitalized for medical or surgical reasons.MethodsSearches of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, NICHSR, OneSearch, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PsycINFO were completed in December 2020. Two reviewers screened sources, extracted data, and performed quality bias appraisal.ResultsHospital walking dose was reported in 6 studies and commonly as steps/24 hr. Length of stay (LOS) was a common outcome reported. Difference in combined mean LOS between walking and control groups was −5.89 days. Heterogeneity across studies was considerable (I2 = 96%) suggesting poor precision of estimates. Additional, high‐quality trials examining hospital walking and patient outcomes of older patients is needed.
Psychological distress of adolescent and young adult childhood cancer survivors in a South African cohort
Authors: Van Zyl Anel , Kruger Mariana , Ndlovu Sandile , Meehan Sue‐Ann , Rogers Paul C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated psychological distress in a South African childhood cancer survivor (CCS) cohort.MethodsAdult CCSs treated at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18. Internal consistency was acceptable: Cronbach's alpha values were 0.91 (Global Severity Index (GSI)), 0.85 (depression), 0.83 (somatization), and 0.75 (anxiety). We compared results utilizing different case rules (GSI T scores of ≥50, ≥57, and ≥63) for the identification of psychological distress.ResultsForty CCSs (median age 24 years; median follow‐up period 16 years) participated. Most (58%; 23 out of 40) completed school or tertiary education, were unmarried (90%; 36 out of 40), and unemployed (59.5%; 22 out of 37). The diagnoses included hematological malignancies (65%; 26 out of 40) and solid tumors (35%; 14 out of 40). The GSI T scores of ≥63, ≥57, and ≥50 identified 10% (four out of 40), 32.5% (13 out of 40), and 45% (18 out of 40) of survivors with psychological distress, respectively. Radiotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 4.6; p = .035), presence of ≥six late effects (OR 7.5; p = .026), and severe late effects (OR 6.6; p = .024) were significant risk factors (GSI T score ≥57). Follow‐up period of 11–20 years (OR 7.3; p = .034) was significant for a GSI T score ≥50.ConclusionThis South African CCS cohort had higher levels of psychological distress utilizing the GSI T score ≥50 and ≥57 case rules than reported in the literature. Most were unmarried or unemployed. Significant contributing factors were radiotherapy, number and severity of late effects, and follow‐up period. CCSs must be screened for psychological distress.
Design, fabrication and characterization of silane tailored surface of halloysite based polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Uner Gizem , Karakus Gulderen , Kaplan Can Hatice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, polymeric drug conjugates, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and nanogels have been gained a great attention. Organically modified layered nanoclays have become an attractive hybrid biomaterial due to their wide range of uses, which can be designed with desired properties in a wide variety of applications from industry to medicine. Functional water‐soluble poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐acrylic acid) [poly(MA‐alt‐AA)], synthesized in our previous study, was chosen for the prepare of halloysite/polymer nanocomposite. Surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) was performed to obtain organic functionalized halloysite and also for better compatibility of nanotubes (NTs) with monomers. Nanocomposite were obtained by in situ solution complex‐radical copolymerization via charge transfer complex under conditions of copolymerization, using pristine and APTS functionalized HNTs, acrylic acid (AA), and maleic anhydride (MA) monomers. Optimization study using different clay ratios and recipe for organic–inorganic compatibility also were carried out. Characterization studies of halloysite, modified halloysite, copolymers and the formed copolymer‐HNT nanotubes were enlighten by using spectroscopic analyzes such as, Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), High resolution Raman (HR‐Raman), X‐Ray Diffraction Measurements (XRD) and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal analysis and dynamic mechanical properties were performed with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), respectively. Surface morphology was also carried out by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In the light of these detailed analysis results, it can be briefly concluded that surface modification of HNT, synthesis of copolymer/HNT nanocomposites, and structural characterization successfully achieved.
Effect of infill pattern on the mechanical properties of polydopamine‐coated polylactic acid orthopedic bone plates developed by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Gupta Vishal , Mudgal Deepa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDistal fractures are the most commonly experienced type of fractures that require fixation of bone plates for healing of fractured bones. Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)‐based bone plates are porous and light in weight. However, they lack mechanical properties that limit their application in biomedical field. Polydopamine coating has been witnessed to undergo covalent interactions, enhancing the mechanical properties of the substrate. The present study is based on the fabrication of PLA‐based bone plates using Fused Filament Fabrication with varying infill patterns. The infill patterns in the study include octet, cubic, grid, concentric, lines, and gyroid. Thereafter, polydopamine coating was deposited on these bone plates using direct immersion coating method. In the study, the effect of infill pattern on coating deposition and modification of mechanical properties has been studied. The microscopic images of fractured bone plates were captured. It was concluded that polydopamine coating was successful in improving mechanical properties for all infill patterns. The findings suggested that a concentric pattern should be used for applications that require both high mechanical strength and maximum elongation at break because elongation at break is higher for concentric patterns than gyroid patterns. Also, for applications requiring only high mechanical strength, a gyroid pattern should be used.
Quantum computing – the photonic approach
Authors: Förtsch Michael , Wintermantel Tobias M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMore than thirty billion dollars has gone into funding quantum technologies, and much of this money has been allocated to quantum computing projects. Accordingly, a large number of different realizations for quantum computing are being developed. The photonic approach is one of the most promising of these ideas because it is based on well‐known materials, established production processes, and operation at room temperature.
Obstructive sleep apnea in young infants: Sleep position dependence and spontaneous improvement
Authors: Kukkola Hanna‐Leena , Kirjavainen Turkka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe natural evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in young infants is not established.MethodsWe re‐evaluated 10‐year pediatric sleep center infant polysomnography (PSG) data, excluding infants with syndromes, genetic defects, structural anomalies or periodic breathing > 5% of sleep time.ResultsObstructive events > 1 h‐1 were evident in 255 infants, of which 91 were eligible for the study. Of the 38 infants in a follow‐up study, 30 (79%) were male, 15 (40%) were born prematurely, 25 (66%) had observed apneas, and 13 (33%) had experienced a brief, unexplained event or had a sibling of the infant died suddenly. The first PSG was performed at a median corrected age of 4 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 2−7) and the second at 11 weeks (IQR 9−14). The obstructive apnea and hypopnea index (OAHI) was greater in the supine compared to side‐sleeping position in both recordings (p < 0.001), whereas OAHI dropped from 10 h‐1 (IQR 6−24) in the first PSG to 3 h‐1 (IQR 1−9) in the second PSG (p < 0.001). OSA alleviation was also observable as a decrease in the number of oxygen desaturations (p < 0.001), as a decrease in transcutaneous (p = 0.001) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide (p = 0.01) 95th percentile levels, and work of breathing (p = 0.002). Seven infants had a third PSG to verify a satisfactory improvement of OSA.ConclusionsOSA in young infants without a clear syndrome or structural anomaly is sleep position dependent and shows improvement during the following few months.
Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems
Authors: Dauhut Thibaut , Couvreux Fleur , Bouniol Dominique , Beucher Florent , Volkmer Lea , Pörtge Veronika , Schäfer Michael , Ayet Alex , Brilouet Pierre‐Etienne , Jacob Marek , Wirth Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlower clouds are trade‐wind shallow cumuli, with tops reaching 3 km altitude, organised into 100‐km wide clusters. They are widespread over the subtropics and associated with the strongest cloud radiative effect among trade‐wind cumuli mesoscale organisations. In the context of large uncertainty in climate projections due to the representation of shallow clouds, major knowledge gaps remain about the global impact of mesoscale organisations and the local processes driving them. Here, the processes governing the flower organisation are investigated based on the case study of February 2, 2020 from the Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection, and Circulation (EURECA) campaign, east of Barbados. One flower cloud is simulated with a large‐eddy simulation (LES), using the Meso‐NH model at 100‐m horizontal grid spacing, and validated extensively with high‐resolution observations from the High Altitude and Long‐range Research Aircraft (HALO), dropsondes, and satellite measurements. The cloud‐top altitudes exhibit a trimodal distribution. The processes shaping flower clouds are wide cold pools and cloudy updrafts organised in one large arc at the western edge. These updrafts are responsible for the highest cloud tops and drive most of the vertical turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, humidity, and momentum. A mesoscale circulation takes place at the scale of the flower clouds and makes them very similar to deep mesoscale convective systems.
Convergence of forecast distributions in a 100,000‐member idealised convective‐scale ensemble
Authors: Tempest Kirsten I. , Craig George C. , Brehmer Jonas R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany operational weather services use ensembles of forecasts to generate probabilistic predictions. Computational costs generally limit the size of the ensemble to fewer than 100 members, although the large number of degrees of freedom in the forecast model would suggest that a vastly larger ensemble would be required to represent the forecast probability distribution accurately. In this study, we use a computationally efficient idealised model that replicates key properties of the dynamics and statistics of cumulus convection to identify how the sampling uncertainty of statistical quantities converges with ensemble size. Convergence is quantified by computing the width of the 95% confidence interval of the sampling distribution of random variables, using bootstrapping on the ensemble distributions at individual time and grid points. Using ensemble sizes of up to 100,000 members, it was found that for all computed distribution properties, including mean, variance, skew, kurtosis, and several quantiles, the sampling uncertainty scaled as for sufficiently large ensemble size . This behaviour is expected from the Central Limit Theorem, which further predicts that the magnitude of the uncertainty depends on the distribution shape, with a large uncertainty for statistics that depend on rare events. This prediction was also confirmed, with the additional observation that such statistics also required larger ensemble sizes before entering the asymptotic regime. By considering two methods for evaluating asymptotic behaviour in small ensembles, we show that the large‐ theory can be applied usefully for some forecast quantities even for the ensemble sizes in operational use today.
Delusional Infestation in Healthcare Professionals: Outcomes from a Multi-Centre Case Series
Authors: Frewen John , Lepping Peter , Goulding Jonathan M. R. , Walker Stephen , Bewley Anthony 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Delusional infestation (DI) describes an unwavering fixed belief of infestation with pathogens, despite a lack of medical evidence supporting this. Effective management of DI with antipsychotics is made challenging by the fixed belief that the condition is an infestation or infection rather than a mental illness. A case series of individuals diagnosed with DI included 11% who were healthcare professionals (HCPs). We sought to characterise a cohort of HCPs who presented with DI in the UK. The case notes of HCPs diagnosed with DI at specialist clinics between 2015 and 2019 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were obtained. Twelve HCPs were identified out of a total of 381 individuals diagnosed with DI. Median age was 52.5 (IQR = 14.5) years. 75% (n = 9) were women. Ten individuals had primary DI, whilst two had secondary DI (one to recreational drug use, one to depression). Four individuals (33%) engaged with antipsychotic treatment. Two responded well, both had secondary DI. Of the two individuals with primary DI who engaged, one did not respond to antipsychotic medication and the other was unable to tolerate two antipsychotic drugs. In Primary DI (n = 10), the rate of adherence was lower at 20% (n = 2). In DI, high engagement and adherence rates to treatment have been reported in specialist centres. Improvement has been reported as high as 70%–75%. This indicates that a large proportion of individuals who adhere to treatment appear to derive benefit. In this series, engagement with treatment by HCPs with primary DI was low at 20%, and improvement was only achieved in individuals with secondary DI. Mental illness-related stigma, feelings of distress and difficulty forming therapeutic relationships with a professional peer are significant challenges. Developing rapport is key to treatment success in DI. In HCPs this may be suboptimal due to these negative feelings, resulting in lower engagement. A diagnosis of DI in a HCP may raise concerns regarding fitness to practise. An assessment of the impact of DI and the potential to interfere with professional duties warrants consideration. We highlight the occurrence of DI in HCPs, and the apparent lower engagement with treatment in this cohort.
Solid Phase Synthesis of DNA Nanostructures in Heavy Liquid
Authors: Smyrlaki Ioanna , Shaw Alan , Yang Yunshi , Shen Boxuan , Högberg Björn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction of the solid phase method to synthesize biopolymers has revolutionized the field of biological research by enabling efficient production of peptides and oligonucleotides. One of the advantages of this method is the ease of removal of excess production materials from the desired product, as it is immobilized on solid substrate. The DNA origami method utilizes the nature of nucleotide base‐pairing to construct well‐defined objects at the nanoscale, and has become a potent tool for manipulating matter in the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. Here, the development of an approach to synthesize DNA nanostructures directly on magnetic beads, where the reaction is performed in heavy liquid to maintain the beads in suspension is reported. It is demonstrated that the method can achieve high folding yields of up to 90% for various DNA shapes, comparable to standard folding. At the same time, this establishes an easy, fast, and efficient way to further functionalize the DNA origami in one‐pot, as well as providing a built‐in purification method for easy removal of excess by‐products such as non‐integrated DNA strands and residual functionalization molecules.
End Group Effect of Asymmetric Benzodithiophene‐Based Donor with Liquid‐Crystal State for Small‐Molecule Binary Solar Cell
Authors: Zhao Yong , Huang Ziwei , Kang Xiao , Yu Jifa , Ding Minggeng , Liu Deyu , Lu Guanghao , Bao Xichang , Yu Liangmin , Sun Mingliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiquid‐crystal small molecule donor (LC‐SMD) is a new type organic semiconductor, which is attractive not only for the easy synthesis and purification, well‐defined chemical structures, etc., but also for the LC state that makes the crystallinity and aggregation state of molecules adjustable. Here, one new LC‐SMD (a‐BTR‐H4) is synthesized with 1D alkoxyl and 2D thiophene‐alkylthiol side‐chained benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene core, trithiophene π‐bridge, and 3‐(2‐ethylhexyl) rhodanine end group. a‐BTR‐H4 shows low LC transition temperature, 117 °C, however, counterpart material (a‐BTR‐H5) with the same main structure but 3‐ethyl rhodanine terminal group does not show LC properties. Although a‐BTR‐H4/H5 show similar Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum and energy levels, a‐BTR‐H4 affords relatively high photovoltaic performances due to favorable blend morphology produced by the consistent annealing temperature of Y6‐based accepters and liquid crystal temperature of donors. Preliminary results indicate that a‐BTR‐H4 gains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.36% for Y6‐based devices, which is ascribed to better light harvest as well as balanced carrier generation and transport, while a‐BTR‐H5 obtains 7.57% PCE. Therefore, some materials with unique nematic LC phase have great application potential in organic electronics, and further work to utilize a‐BTR‐H4 for high‐performance device is underway.
A Through‐Thickness Arrayed Carbon Fibers Elastomer with Horizontal Segregated Magnetic Network for Highly Efficient Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Jianda , Shang Jian , Xu Yadong , Wan Yan‐Jun , Lin Zhiqiang , Sun Rong , Hu Yougen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultifunctional thermal management materials with highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance are urgently required to tackle the heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference issues of high integrated electronics. However, the high thermal conductivity (λ) and outstanding EMW absorption performance are often incompatible with each other in a single material. Herein, a through‐thickness arrayed NiCo2O4/graphene oxide/carbon fibers (NiCO@CFs) elastomer with integrated functionalities of high thermal conductivity, highly efficient EMW absorption, and excellent compressibility is reported. The NiCO@CFs elastomer realizes a high out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of 15.55 W m−1 K−1, due to the through‐thickness vertically aligned CFs framework. Moreover, the unique horizontal segregated magnetic network effectively reduces the electrical contact between the CFs, which significantly enhances impedance matching of NiCO@CFs elastomer. As a result, the vertically arrayed NiCO@CFs elastomer synchronously exhibits ultrabroad effective absorption bandwidth of 8.25 GHz (9.75–18 GHz) at a thickness of 2.4 mm, good impedance matching, and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −55.15 dB. Given these outstanding findings, the multifunctional arrayed NiCO@CFs elastomer opens an avenue for applications in EMW absorption and thermal management. This strategy of constructing thermal/electrical/mechanical pathways provides a promising way for the high‐performance multifunctional materials in electronic devices.
Rational Design of Covalent Bond Engineered Encapsulation Structure toward Efficient, Long‐Lived Multicolored Phosphorescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Li Manyu , Lu Siyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMulticolored phosphorescent materials based on carbon dots (CDs) constructed using the same or similar precursors with long lifetimes are conducive to their wide range of practical applications due to the developed compatibility. Herein, a universal method is developed to prepare long‐lived multicolored phosphorescent CD‐based composites for which heavy‐metal doping is not required. The multicolored CDs are encapsulated in silica via silane hydrolysis, which forms many covalent SiOC and SiC bonds; hence, the vibrations and rotations of the luminescent centers on the CD surfaces are hindered. The transformation of SiOC to a more rigid SiC moiety occurs during high‐temperature calcination. Furthermore, during calcination, the silica collapses, resulting in more tightly encapsulated CDs. The synergistic effect of these two calcination phenomena produces blue, green, yellow, and red phosphorescence, at wavelengths spanning 465 to 680 nm and with lifetimes of up to 2.11 s. Taking advantage of their superior phosphorescence performances, the CD‐based composites are successfully applied to 3D multichannel information storage and encryption.
Multiphase Molybdenum Carbide Doped Carbon Hollow Sphere Engineering: The Superiority of Unique Double‐Shell Structure in Microwave Absorption
Authors: Zhao Tianbao , Jia Zirui , Zhang Yan , Wu Guanglei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to achieve excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties, the microstructure design and component control of the absorber are critical. In this study, three different structures made of Mo2C/C hollow spheres are prepared and their microwave absorption behavior is investigated. The Mo2C/C double‐shell hollow spheres consisting of an outer thin shell and an inner rough thick shell with multiple EMW loss mechanisms exhibit good microwave absorption properties. In order to further improve the microwave absorption properties, MoC1‐x/C double‐shell hollow spheres with different crystalline phases of molybdenum carbide are prepared to further optimize the EMW loss capability of the materials. Finally, MoC1‐x/C double‐shell hollow spheres with α‐phase molybdenum carbide have the best microwave absorption properties. When the filling is 20 wt.%, the minimum reflection loss at 1.8 mm is −50.55 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth at 2 mm is 5.36 GHz, which is expected to be a microwave absorber with the characteristics of “thin, light, wide, and strong”.