bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenestration and dehiscence defects in maxillary anterior teeth using two classification systems
Authors: Nalbantoğlu AM , Yanık D 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe primary objective of the study was to assess the buccal bone thickness (BT), evaluate and compare the prevalence of bone fenestration and dehiscence in anterior maxillary teeth using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsImages of 300 maxillary anterior teeth were investigated. The BT was measured at the bone crest, 3, 6 and 9 mm from the bone crest, and apical. Fenestration and dehiscence were recorded according to Yang and Pan's classification. Student's t‐test and one‐way ANOVA were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsFenestration and dehiscence rates were 35.66% and 20%, respectively. Type III fenestration was higher in group 3 (>65 years) (P = 0.028). Type I and IV fenestration and CII DII dehiscence were more common in canines (P > 0.05). Fenestration involving two‐thirds (46.76%) and one‐third (44.84%) of the root length was more common. Fenestrations involving the entire root were 8.4%. Most of the dehiscence (63.3%) involved one‐third of the root length. Dehiscence involving two‐thirds of the root length and the entire root was 5% and 9.95%, respectively. The coexistence of fenestration and dehiscence was 8.3%. Dehiscence on the palatal aspect was detected in 1.65% of the anterior maxilla.ConclusionsThe rate of BT ≤1 mm was 80.08%, and ≥2 mm was 3.66%. Fenestration was most common in canines. Fenestration was mostly located in the apical third, while dehiscence was mostly located in the coronal third. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.
Influence of environmental conditions and initial sapling size in Nothofagus survival and growth: Implications for restoration of burnt sub‐Antarctic forests
Authors: Mestre Luciana M. , Argañaraz Carina I. , Preiß‐Daimler Inga , Fernandez Loreto , Turi Luis , Soler Rosina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sub‐Antarctic forests in Tierra del Fuego mountains are considered one of the few remaining wilderness areas on the planet; however, human disturbances like wildfires, exotic species, and so forth exacerbate their degradation. In 2012, a human‐caused wildfire started in a remote forest‐mountain area, and 2 years after that, a reforestation project began to restore the natural canopy layer. Saplings of the native Nothofagus trees were obtained through the bare root method from undisturbed areas. In this study, we evaluated the influence of (1) macro‐ (considering natural topography and vegetation physiognomy) and micro‐environments (topography, canopy cover, substrate, and understory cover) affected by fire; and (2) the extraction size of the saplings (initial size), on survival and growth of planted saplings, over 5 years. Total sapling survival was 41.4% with a mean growth rate of 8.46 cm year−1. Survival and growth were influenced by the studied variables. At a macro‐environment level, tree saplings showed higher success in well‐drained zones, meanwhile at the micro‐environment level saplings performed better in those that contribute to retain soil moisture and avoiding evapotranspiration. We conclude that environmental features influence differentially depending on the scale of analysis. To restore burnt temperate forests applying the bare root method, we recommended using Nothofagus saplings <40 cm tall for better results. In this sense, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the method since comparable results were obtained in other restoration experiences. This method can also be applied in areas without nursery material, when the biology of tagged plants was appropriated, for example shallow growth of root systems, formation of natural tree seedling banks. This work represents one of the few medium‐term restoration experiences reported for the southernmost forests of the planet: our findings could be applied in other reforestation experiences, making noticeable improvements in the recovery process.
A regulatory role of Piezo1 in apoptosis of periodontal tissue and periodontal ligament fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Shen Xuanjiang , Wu Weilli , Ying Yukang , Zhou Liyuan , Zhu Haiqian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInvestigation on the effect of Piezo1 on periodontal tissue and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) under mechanical stress and the underlying mechanism. The orthodontic tooth movement rat model was established via an orthodontic spiral tension spring. PDLFs were cultured and subjected to 2.0 g/cm2 static compressive loading. Blocked the Piezo1 via Piezo1 inhibitor, GsMTx4. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry determined the apoptosis rate of periodontal tissue and PDLFs in rats. Expression of Piezo1, p‐p38 and ERK1/2 was analysed by immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4 relieved the increased expression of Piezo1, ERK1/2 and p‐p38, and alleviated apoptosis in periodontal tissue and PDLFs under compressive loading. Piezo1 inhibition can alleviate force‐induced apoptosis and damage in rats' periodontal tissue and PDLFs, and regulate the p38/ERK1/2 signalling pathway.
Evaluation of six machine learning classification algorithms in pig breed identification usingSNPsarray data
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Xu Zhiting , Teng Jinyan , Pan Xiangchun , Lin Qing , Cai Xiaodian , Diao Shuqi , Feng Xueyan , Yuan Xiaolong , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Zhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBreed identification utilizing multiple information sources and methods is widely applicated in the field of animal genetics and breeding. Simultaneously, with the development of artificial intelligence, the integration of high‐throughput genomic data and machine learning techniques is increasingly used for breed identification. In this context, we used 654 individuals from 15 pig breeds, evaluating the performance of machine learning and stacking ensemble learning classifiers, as well as the function of feature selection and anomaly detection in different scenarios. Our results showed that, when using a training set of 16 individuals per breed and 32 features (SNPs), the accuracy of breed identification with feature selection (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) could exceed 95.00% (nine breeds), and was improved by 7.04% over the results with random selection. For stacking ensemble learning, feature selection methods (including random selection method) were used before different base learners. When these base learners’ training set had 16 individuals per breed and 32 features, the accuracy of stacking ensemble learning improved by 9.24% over the best base learner (nine breeds), but did not significantly increase the advantage over the models with XGBoost feature selection. When using a training set of 16 individuals and 512 features per breed, breed identification with anomaly detection (local outlier factor, LOF) and random selection could achieve an accuracy of 89.06% (15 breeds). These results show that machine learning could be an effective tool for breed identification and this study will also provide useful information for the application of machine learning in animal genetics and breeding.
Sex disparities in left ventricular assist device implantation outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of over 50 000 patients
Authors: Arjomandi Rad Arian , Kapadia Sharan , Zubarevich Alina , Nanchahal Sukanya , Van den Eynde Jef , Vardanyan Robert , Bareka Metaxia , Krasopoulos George , Quarto Cesare , Ruhparwar Arjang , Athanasiou Thanos , Weymann Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular assist devices (LVAD) represent an important therapeutic option for patients progressing to end‐stage heart failure. Women have been historically underrepresented in LVAD studies, and have been reported to have worse outcomes despite technological optimisation. We aimed to systematically explore the evidence on sex disparities in the use and outcomes of LVAD implantation.MethodsA systematic database search with meta‐analysis was conducted of comparative original articles of men versus women undergoing LVAD implantation, in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database and Google Scholar, from inception to July 2022. Primary outcomes were stroke (haemorrhagic and ischaemic) and early/overall mortality. Secondary outcomes were LVAD thrombosis, right VAD implantation, major bleeding, kidney dysfunction, and device/driveline infection.ResultsOur search yielded 137 relevant studies, including 22 meeting the inclusion criteria with a total of 53 227 patients (24.2% women). Overall mortality was higher in women (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.62, p = 0.02), as was overall stroke (OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.06–1.66, p = 0.01), including ischemic (OR 1.80, 95%CI 1.22–2.64, p = 0.003) and haemorrhagic (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.09–2.70, p = 0.02). Women had more frequent right VAD implantation (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.24–3.57, p = 0.006) and major bleeding (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.06–1.85, p = 0.02). Kidney dysfunction, LVAD thrombosis, and device/driveline infections were comparable between sexes.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that women face a greater risk of adverse events and mortality post‐LVAD implantation. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, the difference in outcomes is thought to be multifactorial. Further research, that includes comprehensive pre‐operative characteristics and post‐operative outcomes, is encouraged.
Effects of slashing on native and invasive species, and community structure of a remnant natural grassland of South Australia
Authors: Facelli José M. , Facelli Evelina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuestionsWe investigated the feasibility of slashing as a management tool to reduce the abundance of the exotic invasive species Avena barbata and favour native species and diversity in remnants of semi‐arid native grasslands. We asked how slashing affects: (1) the seed production and seed bank of A. barbata, (2) the mortality of perennial native tussock grasses, and (3) plant community composition.LocationNear Burra, Mid North region of South Australia.MethodsWe established two parallel experiments in an invaded grassland: one in a stand dominated by exotic and invasive species (“poor” condition), and the other in a less‐degraded stand with an abundance of native perennial grasses (“good” condition). The experiments had a randomized block design (six blocks) with three treatments each: no slashing, slashing once a year or slashing every other year, applied over 3 years. We assessed the effects of the treatments on the number of seeds per m2 and soil seed bank of A. barbata, number of death native tussock grasses, and floristic composition and diversity.ResultsSlashing reduced seed production and the soil seed bank of A. barbata in both stands. Slashing increased the mortality of native grasses in the stand in good condition, and slightly changed floristic composition only in the stand in poor condition. Here, slashing decreased the abundance of the invasive species A. barbata and Bromus rigens but favoured other exotic species. No changes in species richness or diversity were detected.ConclusionsThe slight response of the plant community to slashing suggests that these grasslands are resistant to changes in management. However, the reduction in seed production and soil seed bank of A. barbata suggest that longer term application of slashing could reduce its abundance and allow native species to recruit. The mortality of native tussocks can, however, negate the benefit of reducing abundance of invasive species.
Soft regulation of women on boards: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Oldford Erin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, I examine the effectiveness of a national board gender diversity disclosure requirement, which is, arguably, on the “soft” end of the continuum of boardroom interventions. Using a panel dataset of 1847 hand‐collected corporate disclosures from 2015 to 2018, I perform a post‐event, historical trend analysis of the efficacy of Canada's 2014 intervention. I find evidence of real progress in the 4 years following intervention against several benchmarks. Specifically, improvements in critical mass are documented, with the proportion of boards with three of more women reaching 18.8% in 2018. Tokenism remains an issue with very little change in the number of Canadian boards with only one woman. Further analyses using a sorting methodology and panel regression analysis reveal that progress toward board gender diversity is achieved by those with board gender targets, board seat renewal policies, and written board diversity policies. In addition, I find that larger companies achieve greater progress and that progress is clustered by industry.
Generative adversarial networks for modelling clinical biomarker profiles with race/ethnicity
Authors: Nair Rahul , Mohan Deen Dayal , Frank Sandra , Setlur Srirangaraj , Govindaraju Venugopal , Ramanathan Murali 
Published: December 2022

AimsModelling biomarker profiles for under‐represented race/ethnicity groups are challenging because the underlying studies frequently do not have sufficient participants from these groups. The aim was to investigate generative adversarial networks (GANs), an artificial intelligence technology that enables realistic simulations of complex patterns, for modelling clinical biomarker profiles of under‐represented groups.MethodsGANs consist of generator and discriminator neural networks that operate in tandem. GAN architectures were developed for modelling univariate and joint distributions of a panel of 16 diabetes‐relevant biomarkers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which contains laboratory and clinical biomarker data from a population‐based sample of individuals of all ages, racial groups and ethnicities. Conditional GANs were used to model biomarker profiles for race/ethnicity categories. GAN performance was assessed by comparing GAN outputs to test data.ResultsThe biomarkers exhibited non‐normal distributions and varied in their bivariate correlation patterns. Univariate distributions were modelled with generator and discriminator neural networks consisting of 2 dense layers with rectified linear unit‐activation. The distributions of GAN‐generated biomarkers were similar to the test data distributions. The joint distributions of the biomarker panel in the GAN‐generated data were dispersed and overlapped with the joint distribution of the test data as assessed by 3 multidimensional projection methods. Conditional GANs satisfactorily modelled the joint distribution of the biomarker panel in the Black, Hispanic, White and Other race/ethnicity categories.ConclusionGAN is a promising artificial intelligence approach for generating virtual patient data with realistic biomarker distributions for under‐represented race/ethnicity groups.
The human LAT1–4F2hc (SLC7A5–SLC3A2) transporter complex: Physiological and pathophysiological implications
Authors: Kahlhofer Jennifer , Teis David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLAT1 and 4F2hc form a heterodimeric membrane protein complex, which functions as one of the best characterized amino acid transporters. Since LAT1–4F2hc is required for the efficient uptake of essential amino acids and hormones, it promotes cellular growth, in part, by stimulating mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signalling and by repressing the integrated stress response (ISR). Gain or loss of LAT1–4F2hc function is associated with cancer, diabetes, and immunological and neurological diseases. Hence, LAT1–4F2hc represents an attractive drug target for disease treatment. Specific targeting of LAT1–4F2hc will be facilitated by the increasingly detailed understanding of its molecular architecture, which provides important concepts for its function and regulation. Here, we summarize (i) structural insights that help to explain how LAT1 and 4F2hc assemble to transport amino acids across membranes, (ii) the role of LAT1–4F2hc in key metabolic signalling pathways, and (iii) how derailing these processes could contribute to diseases.
Adult children of parents with mental illness: Family stigma and coping on sense of self
Authors: Campbell Chynna , Patrick Pamela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFamily stigma is associated with persistent negative outcomes among adult children of parents with mental illness (ACOPMI). Loss of sense of self has been reported by ACOPMI; however, the role of family stigma on sense of self remains unclear. Additionally, research suggests coping behaviour (i.e. adaptive or maladaptive) influences the effect of stigmatization on sense of self. This study investigated the impact of family stigma and coping on sense of self among ACOPMI (N = 134, 63.4% female). As hypothesized, high family stigma was associated with weak sense of self (p  < 0.001), and ACOPMI who endorsed adaptive coping demonstrated higher sense of self than those who coped maladaptively (p  < 0.001). Further, coping moderated the relationship between family stigma and sense of self (p  < 0.001). Unexpectedly, this relationship was only significant for ACOPMI with adaptive coping skills (p  < 0.001). At higher levels of stigmatization, post hoc analysis revealed coping styles did not exert an influence on sense of self. Results suggest family stigma contributes to loss of sense of self among ACOPMI, with adaptive coping being protective only at lower levels of family stigma. Findings highlight the need for a systemic approach to eradicate family stigma.
LncRNA‐WAKMAR2 regulates expression of CLDN1 to affect skin barrier through recruiting c‐Fos
Authors: Tu Yunhua , Wang Li , Wang Xiaoli , Wu Wenjuan , Tu Ying , Zou Dandan , Deng Yuanyuan , Qi Jue , Cao Can , Xu Dan , Chai Yanjie , Zhu Yun , Zhang Juan , Sun Jun , Lai Fan , He Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is an immune‐mediated photo‐allergic skin disease. In the clinic, the treatment of this disease is hampered by the lack of proper understanding of the skin barrier dysfunction mechanism.ObjectiveTo illuminate the mechanism of skin barrier dysfunction in CAD.MethodsTranscriptome sequencing and protein profiling were used to detect skin barrier injury‐related genes. RNA pull down, a promoter‐reporter gene assay, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification‐sequencing were used to elucidate the effect of WAKMAR2 in skin barrier functionality.ResultsTranscriptome sequencing from patient's tissues showed a significantly decreased expression of WAKMAR2. Down‐regulation of WAKMAR2 destroyed the keratinocyte barrier. Moreover, WAKMAR2 can directly bind to the c‐Fos protein. This novel long non‐coding RNA (LncRNA)‐protein complexes were targeted to the CLDN1 promotor. Overexpression of WAKMAR2 enhanced the promoter activity of CLDN1, while the addition of AP‐1 inhibitor could reverse this phenomenon. Furthermore, our in vivo results suggested that expression of WAKMAR2 was required for the repair of skin damage in mice induced by ultraviolet irradiation.ConclusionsWe identified a crucial LncRNA (WAKMAR2) for the protection of the skin barrier in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, it can specifically interact with c‐Fos protein for the regulation of CLDN1, a finding which could be applied for CAD treatment.
Development of a core descriptor set for Crohn's anal fistula
Authors:   The ENiGMA CODE collaborators
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimCrohn's anal fistula (CAF) is a complex condition, with no agreement on which patient characteristics should be routinely reported in studies. The aim of this study was to develop a core descriptor set of key patient characteristics for reporting in all CAF research.MethodCandidate descriptors were generated from published literature and stakeholder suggestions. Colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists and specialist nurses in inflammatory bowel disease took part in three rounds of an international modified Delphi process using nine‐point Likert scales to rank the importance of descriptors. Feedback was provided between rounds to allow refinement of the next ratings. Patterns in descriptor voting were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Resulting PCA groups were used to organize items in rounds two and three. Consensus descriptors were submitted to a patient panel for feedback. Items meeting predetermined thresholds were included in the final set and ratified at the consensus meeting.ResultsOne hundred and thirty three respondents from 22 countries completed round one, of whom 67.0% completed round three. Ninety seven descriptors were rated across three rounds in 11 PCA‐based groups. Forty descriptors were shortlisted. The consensus meeting ratified a core descriptor set of 37 descriptors within six domains: fistula anatomy, current disease activity and phenotype, risk factors, medical interventions for CAF, surgical interventions for CAF, and patient symptoms and impact on quality of life.ConclusionThe core descriptor set proposed for all future CAF research reflects characteristics important to gastroenterologists and surgeons. This might aid transparent reporting in future studies.
Implementation of a peri‐operative pain‐management algorithm reduces the use of opioid analgesia following pelvic exenteration surgery
Authors: Johnstone Charlotte S. , Koh Cherry E. , Britton Gregory J. , Solomon Michael J. , McLachlan Andrew J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the implementation and pain‐related outcomes of a peri‐operative pain‐management regimen for patients undergoing pelvic exenteration surgery at a university teaching hospital.MethodThis is a single‐site prospective observational cohort study involving 100 patients who underwent pelvic exenteration surgery between January 2017 and December 2018. A pain‐management algorithm regarding the use of opioid‐sparing multimodal analgesia was developed between the departments of anaesthesia, pain management and intensive care. The primary outcomes were: compliance with a pain‐treatment algorithm compared with a similar retrospective surgical patient cohort in 2013–2014; and requirements for regular doses of opioid analgesia at discharge, measured in oral morphine equivalent daily dose (oMEDD).ResultsFollowing the introduction of a pain‐management algorithm, regional anaesthesia techniques (spinal anaesthesia, transversus abdominus plane block, preperitoneal catheters or epidural analgesia) were used in 83/98 (84.7%) of the 2017–2018 cohort compared with 13/73 (17.8%) of the 2013–2014 cohort (p < 0.001). There was a reduction in the median dose of opioid analgesics (oMEDD) at time of discharge, from 150 mg (interquartile range [IQR]: 75.0–235.0 mg) in the 2013–2014 cohort to 10 mg (IQR: 0.00–45.0 mg) in the 2017–2018 cohort (p < 0.001). There was no change in pain intensity (assessed using the Verbal Numerical Rating Score) or oMEDD in the first 7 days following surgery.ConclusionSince implementation of a novel peri‐operative pain‐treatment algorithm, the use of opioid‐sparing regional techniques and preperitoneal catheters has increased. Additionally, the dose of opioids required at the time of discharge has reduced significantly.