bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride Glucose-Waist Circumference (TyG-WC) is a Reliable Marker to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Song Seungah , Son Da-Hye , Baik Su Jung , Cho Wan Je , Lee Yong-Jae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index), a marker of insulin resistance, is positively associated with NAFLD. Modified TyG indices, combining body composition markers including body-mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) with TyG index, are reported to enhance predictability of insulin resistance. This study aimed to compare the usefulness of modified TyG indices for predicting NAFLD to TyG index and fatty liver index (FLI). This cross-sectional study included 12,757 Korean adults. TyG index and FLI were calculated using established formulas, and TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were calculated as TyG * BMI and TyG * WC, respectively. All measures were divided into quartiles. NAFLD severity (grade 0-3) was compared using ANOVA by quartiles of each index. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. ROC and AUROC analyses were performed to compare predictability of NAFLD using WC, BMI, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC and FLI. Higher TyG index, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and FLI were associated with higher grade of NAFLD. ORs(CIs) for NAFLD increased in all indices, especially in TyG-WC [39.251 (31.304-49.215)] and FLI [38.937 (31.145-48.678)]. AUROC was 0.848 (0.840-0.855) for TyG-WC and 0.850 (0.842-0.857) for FLI. TyG-WC is a reliable indicator for the presence of NAFLD in Korean adults.
Oct4 Protein and Gene Expression Analysis in the Differentiation of Spermatogonia Stem Cells Into Functional Mature Neurons by Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, and Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Azizi Hossein , Karoii Danial Hashemi , Skutella Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spermatogonia Stem Cells (SSCs) are potential candidates for reprogramming, therapeutic neuronal repair, and regeneration. Recent studies have revealed that differentiated cells can be reverted to a pluripotent state by overexpressing a set of pluripotent transcription factors. Oct4 (encoded by pou5f1), a POU transcription factor family member, is essential to the potential that controls pluripotency, and it is widely expressed in pluripotent stem cells, although it decreased or suppressed after differentiation. In this investigated research, we examined the Oct4 Expression in vivo and in-vitro of SSCs, Embryonic Stem Cell-like (ES-like), Embryonic Bodies (EBs), and Neurons by Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IMH), and Fluidigm Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, We use some databases like STRING to predict protein-protein interaction and enrichment analysis. We evaluated the expression of Oct4 in this process, and we observed that it is expressed in SSCs, ES-like, and EBs during the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into adult neurons. We show that by adding RA to EBs, the Expression of Oct4 is reduced and is not expressed in the neuron cells. We observed that the Expression of Oct4 is linked and interacts with the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into neuron cells, and it has been shown to be biological functional like stem cell maintenance and somatic cell reprogramming. Our findings can help us better understand the process of differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into neurons, and it can be effective in finding new and more efficient treatments for neurogenesis and repair of neurons. Moreover, this study may comprehend the new Oct4 reprogramming method for clinical and therapeutic use.
Climate Change Impacts On Evapotranspiration in Brazil: a Multi-model Assessment
Authors: Monteiro Ana Flávia Martins , Torres Roger Rodrigues , Martins Fabrina Bolzan , Marrafon Vitor Hugo de Almeida 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A large part of Brazil is highly vulnerable to climate changes projected for the end of the 21st century. Analyzing these vulnerabilities is particularly important for agriculture, since the country is one of the largest agricultural commodity producers in the world. Changes in the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) can impact crops and make cultivation unfeasible. However, studies on ETo patterns under climate change scenarios for Brazil have been restricted to regional scales and use too few climate models or too simplified water balance models for their analysis. This can lead to uncertainties in assessing the impacts of climate change on ETo. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze ETo patterns in Brazil towards the end of the 21st century using two methods that are better at estimating regional ETo, i.e., the Turc and Abtew methods, under two radiative forcing scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Daily data on near surface air temperature (mean and maximum), global solar radiation, and near surface relative humidity from six General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were used to analyze the simulations and projections for climate change. The performance of climate simulations is heterogeneous among the GCMs, with overestimations (~ 2.5 mm day-1) in some models, and underestimations (~ 1.5 mm day-1) in others. In general, climate change projections indicate increases of up to 1 mm day-1 in ETo, mainly in the North, Northeast, and Center-West regions of Brazil. Both estimation methods showed similar spatial patterns, however the Turc method projected lower intensity changes compared to the Abtew method.
The association between intake of whole grain, refined grain, fast food and carbonated drinks with depression and quality of life in Iranian adolescent girls
Authors: Sangouni Abbas Ali , darabi zahra , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Mazidi Mohsen , Lane Katie E , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: We evaluated the association between fast food, whole grain, refined grain and carbonated drink consumption with depression and QoL in Iranian adolescent girls.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 733 adolescent girls were included from Mashhad and Sabzevar cities in northeastern Iran. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and SF-12v2 questionnaire were used to assess depression and QoL, respectively. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to obtained dietary intakes of the study participants. To explore the association between intake of food groups and depression and QoL, we used linear and logistic regression in crude and adjusted models.Results: There was a signiﬁcant decreasing trend in the odds of poor QOL and depression across increasing quartile intake of whole grain; but, there was no linear relationship between whole grain intake with depression and QoL score. In addition, subjects in the highest quartile of carbonated drink consumption had higher odds of poor QoL compared to the first quartile (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00–2.32, P = 0.04). We found a positive association between intake of fast food and depression score (β= 0.09). Intake of fast food was inversely associated with QoL score (β= -0.081). However, there was no significant relationship between intake of refined grains and carbonated drinks with depression, and between whole grain and refined grain intake with QoL.ConclusionsWe demonstrated an inverse association between fast food intake with depression and QOL. To better conclude, further studies evaluating the association of various food groups with depression and QoL.
Network pharmacology exploration reveals the bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms by which Gui-Qi-Yang-Xin Decoction suppresses myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Jiang Hugang , Lin Wenyan , Wang Xinqiang , Liu Kai , Fu Zhaoyuan , Wang Ming , Liu Miaomiao , Zhao Xinke , Li Yingdong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Gui-Qi-Yang-Xin Decoction (GQYXD), a Chinese medicine formula, has been shown to exert obvious therapeutic effects on myocardial fibrosis (MF). However, the bioactive compounds and underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.Methods:The present study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds and potential action mechanisms of GQYXD in the treatment of MF using an integrated network pharmacology approach. All compounds were identified from the corresponding database and active compounds were selected according to their oral bioavailability and drug-likeness index. The components of GQYXD and the corresponding drug targets were retrieved through drug-target databases and the potential MF genes were obtained from the GeneCard database. The abovementioned ingredients and related targets were used to construct ‘compound–target–disease’, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and target-pathway networks. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to determine the key biological processes and important pathways using the clusterProfiler package in R programming language. Experimental validation was performed using haematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry analysis in isoproterenol-induced MF rats, and western blot analysis, phalloidin staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to verify the proposed mechanism of protection on H9C2 cells.Results: Fifty-five bioactive components and 59 putative targets that were directly related to GQYXD and MF were collected. The results of functional enrichment analysis revealed that responses to lipopolysaccharides, oxidative stress, hypoxia, nutrient levels and mechanical stimuli were the key biological processes and were regulated simultaneously by six direct targets, including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), protein kinase 1 (AKT1) mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that five signalling pathways were closely related to MF treatment by GQYXD. Animal experiments showed that GQYXD could significantly alleviate isoproterenol-induced MF. In vitro cell experiment results showed that GQYXD treatment could ameliorate organisational damage to the cell cytoskeleton in H9C2 induced by isoproterenol. Down-regulated expression of PTGS2, MAPK14 and MAPK8 and up-regulated expression of AKT1 was demonstrated both in animal and cell experiments.Conclusion: GQYXD could alleviate MF based on multiple components, targets and pathways. This study also demonstrated the network pharmacology approach as an effective tool to reveal the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from a holistic perspective.
Research on Blockchain Technology: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Contributions of India
Authors: Owan Valentine Joseph , Lata Neha , Sonkar Sharad Kumar , Srivast Prachi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A blockchain is a ground-breaking technique for connecting computer networks in a decentralised and distributed manner. It is a relatively new technology with many applications that could eventually affect the entire economy and be acknowledged as the most up-to-date general-purpose technology. This study aims to look at the growth and trends of blockchain technology research literature from 2011 to 2020 across various perspectives. The aim is to assist researchers in developing theoretical frameworks, understand future research directions and serve as a primary source of references for research mapping in the subject. We investigated the top-cited papers, most productive countries, most prolific journals, and most prolific authors based on a comprehensive review of the literature gathered from the Scopus database. According to the findings, the first publication using blockchain technology was in 2011, and the peak year for blockchain research was in 2020. Furthermore, the statistics revealed that China and the United States (US) are now the most productive countries in research on blockchain technology. Furthermore, our research demonstrated that India is one of the most active producers of blockchain-related research. This outcome is unsurprising, given that the Indian economy has proved its ability to follow best practices in encouraging technology growth in recent years. According to this survey, the topic of blockchain technology has gotten much attention from researchers all over the world.
Gate-Controlled Electron Quantum Interference Logic
Authors: Weinbub Josef , Ballicchia Mauro , Nedjalkov Mihail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inspired by using the wave nature of electrons for electronquantum optics, we propose a new type of electron quantuminterference structure, where single-electron waves are coherentlyinjected into a gate-controlled, two-dimensional waveguide andexit through one or more output channels. The thus gatecontrolledinterference effects lead to specific current levels inthe output channels, which can be used to realize logic gateoperations, e.g., NAND or NOR gates. The operating principle isshown by coherent, dynamic Wigner quantum electron transportsimulations. A discussion of classical simulations (Boltzmann)allows to outline the underlying process of interference. Contraryto other electron control approaches used for advancedinformation processing, no magnetic or photonic mechanisms areinvolved.
Chinese Herbal Medicine (Yiqi-Yangyin-Jiedu Decoction) Combined with Osimertinib as First-line Treatment in EGFR Mutation-Positive Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (CATLA-2): A Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yao Jialin , Lu Yan , Jiao Lijing , Bi Ling , Yang Wenxiao , Su Lingzi , Shi Jun , Wang Zhe , Gong Yabin , Xu Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) significantly improve the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation-positive. Although third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib is demonstrated with superior efficacy compared with first-generation EGFR-TKIs, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains the bottleneck. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) Yiqi-Yangyin-Jiedu decoction (YYJD) has been shown to delay acquired resistance to a first-generation EGFR-TKIs in the CATLA study, but there is no high-level evidence for its effect when combined with osimertinib. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YYJD combined with osimertinib as first-line treatment in EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC.Methods: This is a double-blind, multi-center, randomized controlled trial conducted in 8 hospitals in China. A total of 314 participants will be randomly assigned to the osimertinib plus YYJD group (O+YYJD) or the osimertinib plus placebo group (O+placebo). Treatment will last until disease progression or death. Patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR Ex19del or L858R will be enrolled if they are in accordance with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome, ready to take osimertinib as first-line treatment, aged 18 to 74 years old, and provide signed informed consent. The primary outcome is progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes include a comparison of overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and quality of life (QoL). The analysis will be based on intention-to-treat and per-protocol subject analysis principles.Discussion: The goal of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YYJD when added to osimertinib as first-line treatment in EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC.Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1900026748. Registered on 20th October 2019.
Interpreting models interpreting brain dynamics
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Mahmood Usman , Lewis Noah , Gazula Harshvardhan , Fedorov Alex , Fu Zening , Calhoun Vince , Plis Sergey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Brain dynamics are highly complex and yet hold the key to understanding brain function and dysfunction. The dynamics captured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data are noisy, high-dimensional, and not readily interpretable. The typical approach of reducing this data to low-dimensional features and focusing on the most predictive features comes with strong assumptions and can miss essential aspects of the underlying dynamics. In contrast, introspection of discriminatively trained deep learning models may uncover disorder-relevant elements of the signal at the level of individual time points and spatial locations. Yet, the difficulty of reliable training on high-dimensional low sample size datasets and the unclear relevance of the resulting predictive markers prevent the widespread use of deep learning in functional neuroimaging. In this work, we introduce a deep learning framework to learn from high-dimensional dynamical data while maintaining stable, ecologically valid interpretations. Results successfully demonstrate that the proposed framework enables learning the dynamics of resting-state fMRI directly from small data and capturing compact, stable interpretations of features predictive of function and dysfunction.
Improving of Global Solar Radiation Forecast by Comparing Other Meteorological Parameter Models with Sunshine Duration Models
Authors: Uçkan irfan , KHUDHUR Kameran Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The solar radiation is affected by many physical factors such as air molecules, water vapor content, dust scattering, and other atmospheric components until it reaches to the earth. Therefore, these factors have negative effects on the measurement of sunshine duration. The aim of this study is to compare sunshine duration based models and the other meteorological parameters based models, and to develop new forecasting models. The estimation and comparison of global solar radiation has been made by using twenty four empirical models including three new models for different location named Arbil, Dohuk, and Sulaimania of Northern Iraq. The reason of using these different locations is to test the accuracy of the other meteorological parameters models by comparing the sunshine duration models for different region. Mostly common statistical errors values are used to evaluate the performance of the estimation models and to identify the models that will give the closest results to the actual values. According to the results, it was seen that the models based on other meteorological parameters has better predictions than the models based on the sunshine duration. While the R2 value of the best models depending on the sunshine duration ranged from 0.97 to 0.99, the R2 values of the best models of other meteorological parameters are above 0.99. Furthermore, it is observed that the new proposed models provide better estimates of global solar radiation at different locations than all models used in this study.
O impacto do uso da tecnologia no desempenho da produção leiteira: manejo tradicional, compost barn e free stall
Authors: Meinl Ana Maria , Paveglio Vieira Euselia 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Esta aplicação teórica busca analisar a contribuição do uso de tecnologias e sistemas de produção diferenciados na formação dos resultados da atividade leiteira de três propriedades rurais, que utilizam diferentes sistemas produtivos e estão localizadas na região Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se para a apuração de custos das três propriedades o método de custeio por absorção e variável, afim de conhecer os respectivos resultados em cada sistema de produção analisado.
Metodologia: Para atingir o objetivo do estudo, foram elaboradas, a partir da coleta de dados planilhas de controle financeiro, e com base nestas, apurou-se os indicadores gerenciais de custos de cada propriedade, sendo eles: margem de contribuição, ponto de equilíbrio, margem de segurança operacional, demonstração do resultado e alguns indicadores de investimentos, possibilitando assim a comparação dos resultados na produção tradicional, compost barn e free stall.
Resultados: Os resultados indicam que o método compost barn obteve a maior produtividade por matriz, o maior preço médio e o segundo menor custo por litro, e, portanto, o maior lucro médio por litro e por área (hectare) destinado a produção leiteira entre as três propriedades analisadas, sendo seu resultado médio por litro de R$ 0,27 e por área (hectare) R$ 10.030,52. Em comparação com outros estudos realizados na área, os resultados indicam que a região em pesquisa foi um fator determinante.
Contribuições do Estudo: A pesquisa possibilitou aos usuários externos verificar qual método de produção alcançou maior produtividade e lucratividade na região e nas propriedades analisadas. Além disso, para os produtores participantes da pesquisa, permitiu avaliar o retorno da atividade a partir de uma completa apuração de custos, tendo em vista que seus controles antes do desenvolvimento do estudo eram fortemente baseados na intuição ou em experiências anteriores, sem um devido controle e avaliação.
Management of a Hot Swollen Joint in the Acute Setting
Authors: Zhou Andrew Kailin , Ho Jamie Sin Ying , Tran Caitlyn , Jou Eric , Girish Milind , Thahir Azeem , Chabra Shirom , Hussain Hassan Abbas 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The presentation of a hot swollen joint is common in the emergency department,
general practice, rheumatology and orthopedic clinics. There is a wide set of differential
diagnoses for a hot swollen joint, thus making it difficult to diagnose and manage, especially for junior
doctors. Initially, it is pertinent to exclude/diagnose medical and surgical emergencies.

Objective:
This paper aims to summarize the key indications within the history, examination and investigations
in order to quickly and effectively diagnose a hot swollen joint based on the original
2006 management guidelines and the papers discussing other possible indications and management
strategies published since then.

Results:
Currently, the management of crystal and non-infectious arthropathies is well recognized
with little disparity. However, the treatment of infectious arthritis is not concrete, and there are discrepancies
in management between doctors.

Conclusion:
We have summarized the key indications and provided a diagnostic flow chart to aid
with the management of a hot swollen joint.