bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secuencia arqueológica en montículos del valle del Upano en la Amazonia ecuatoriana
Authors: Rostain Stéphen 
Published: November 2022

De nombreux sites archéologiques avec des monticules artificiels de terre sont reconnus dans la vallée de l’Upano, dans la province du Morona-Santiago, en Amazonie équatorienne. Une recherche archéologique fut menée dans cette région, dans le cadre d' une coopération scientifique franco-équatorienne, sous l’égide de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines. Elle concerne la carte archéologique, l’analyse de l’organisation des monticules et l’étude du peuplement préhistorique de l’Upano. Une fouille par décapage fut réalisée sur un ensemble de monticules et de places (Complexe XI) du site de Huapula. Ce travail a fourni de nouvelles informations sur la construction des monticules, la séquence culturelle et la vie des anciens occupants.
Entre 700 av. J.-C. et 400 ap. J.-C, des communautés de culture Upano occupèrent le Complexe XI, et construisirent les monticules. Elles abandonnèrent le site suite à une forte éruption du volcan Sangay, qui ensevelit la région sous une épaisse couche de cendres. Plus tard, entre 700 et 1200 ap. J.-C., des groupes de culture Huapula s’installèrent sur les monticules. Une fouille horizontale au sommet d’une plate-forme a mis au jour un sol domestique de la culture Huapula, contenant différents vestiges bien conservés. Une fouille par décapage fut réalisée sur un ensemble de monticules et de places (Complexe XI) du site de Huapula. Ce travail a fourni de nouvelles informations sur la construction des monticules, la séquence culturelle et la vie des anciens occupants.
Entre 700 av. J.-C. et 400 ap. J.-C, des communautés de culture Upano occupèrent le Complexe XI, et construisirent les monticules. Elles abandonnèrent le site suite à une forte éruption du volcan Sangay, qui ensevelit la région sous une épaisse couche de cendres. Plus tard, entre 700 et 1 200 ap. J.-C., des groupes de culture Huapula s’installèrent sur les monticules. Une fouille horizontale au sommet d’une plate-forme a mis au jour un sol domestique de la culture Huapula, contenant différents vestiges bien conservés.
Educación e imágenes de la mujer en los años treinta: Quito-Ecuador
Authors: Goetschel Ana María 
Published: November 2022

Education and Images of the Woman during the Thirty's: Quito, Ecuador
This article tries to show how woman's education in Quito towards the end of the Nineteenth Century and the first decades of the Twentieth passed through different moments and shaped a variety of “feminine” images, that were expressed in continuities and ruptures. It goes from a traditional education, which sought to reproduce habits centered on the domestic and private space, to a liberal and positivist education, which attempts to convert woman into an object of state concern, as a “mother”, but also into a “worker” and “professional”. This is the first stage of a more extensive work regarding the education of the woman of Quito in the first half of the Twentieth Century.
La preocupación higienista en la educación ecuatoriana en los años treinta y cuarenta
Authors: Sinardet Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2022

The Hygienist Concern of Ecuadorian Education in the Thirties and Forties
Ecuadorian education, since the Revolution of July 1925 and then in the thirties and the forties, considers hygiene as a national priority. In a country stricken with a strong economic crisis which urges the elites to consolidate a domestic market through the creation of more producers and consumers, education more than ever means the integration of the rural and Indigenous masses in the not only economic but also cultural life of the nation, so that those populations react positively to the social agenda of the dominate white mestizo model. That is why it seems necessary to “civilize” them, for the “civilization” first needs the respect of minimal hygiene rules. Yet hygiene does not involve only the public health and the creation of hygiene services in education, the introduction of physical and sexual education, and the development of anthropometric studies. It also means the respect of one's personality and, with the influence of the active school pedagogy, the child's harmonious psychological development. Because of the failure of the Cultural Missions, this civilizing hygienist fonction of “regeneration” essentially falls upon the rural school. But its results are unsatisfactory, and in 1945 the hygienist orientation, even if it is still a priority in the official and legal documents, in the reality, only represents a declaration of empty words in the face of a lack of a real popular education policy.
Reflexiones sobre pedagogía universitaria
Authors: Grijalva Agustín 
Published: November 2022

Critique and creativity are the basis of university pedagogy within any method or technique employed by faculty members. Professorial critique and creativity must be applied to the pedagocical methods themselves, which should become complementary to professors experience and intuition. As a consequence, pedagogical training of university faculty should be included in order to effectively improve the quality of education.
University pedagogy must also be linked to social, technological and cultural contexts. These realities have direct relationship with a critical and creative sense which is essential to the university as an institution. The pedagogical role of profesors is crucial to enable students generate a true process of developing of knowledge and not just assimilation or instrumental use of information or skills. In this sense, adequate pedagogy helps to generate efficent professionals who are ethically and socially responsible.
University pedagogy in Latin America must also contribute to new methodological and technical development based on local scientific endeavors and other academic efforts. These should respond to urgent problems present in the local and regional reality. This response is a methodological condition for original scientific production and other forms of knowledge in Latin American universities.
Entre selva y ciudad: estrategias de producción en el Río Negro Medio (Brasil)
Authors: Emperaire Laure 
Published: November 2022

Entre la forêt et la ville : stratégie de production sur le Moyen Rio Negro (Brésil)
Cet article s’intéresse à l’évolution des systèmes de production en Amazonie du nord-ouest, sur le moyen Rio Negro. Il montre comment les activités extractivistes et agricoles se sont articulées lors des différents cycles économiques régionaux de ce siècle. Le faible impact de ces activités sur le milieu est souligné. Avec le déclin de l’extractivisme dans les années 1980-1990, les populations locales, à la recherche d’autres revenus, intensifient la production de farine de manioc. Mais les prix sont extrêmement bas et le marché n’est pas organisé pour les producteurs ruraux, ce qui rend cette activité peu rémunératrice. Le manque de revenus et d’autres éléments comme l’accès aux soins et à l’éducation, poussent bon nombre de familles à s’installer dans les petites villes. Elles continuent à pratiquer une agriculture en périphérie urbaine. Toutefois le système agricole, remodelé par les conditions locales, ne constitue plus qu’une forme appauvrie du système traditionnel.
Les ONG colombiennes de défense des droits de l'homme face aux violences
Authors: Daviaud Sophie 
Published: November 2022

The Colombian Human Rights Watch NGO Confronted with the Violence
Although Colombia is not experiencing a military-rule or an open civil war, it is a country with one of the highest rate of human rights violations in the world. The intensification of the conflict and the generalization of violence have been coupled with the spread of human rights rhetoric. But, the concrete results of the discourse on human rights have been quite limited. They have been converted into strategic tools by the protagonists of the conflict. The analysis of the use of human rights by NGOs during the last twenty years shows that they had and continue to have difficulties in creating a space for reflection and action concerning human rights which escapes the dynamic of the conflict itself. In order to achieve this goal, these organizations should begin with a much clearer definition of human rights and restore their ethical dimension in their actions. In that way, they could contribute to the reconstruction of politics in Colombia.
Colombie : une guerre privée de sens ?
Authors: Lair Eric 
Published: November 2022

Voilà plus de vingt ans que la Colombie connaît des phénomènes de violence collective singulièrement aigus et complexes. Depuis le début de la décennie 80, l’intensification de la confrontation entre forces armées, guérillas et paramilitaires a été telle que cette dernière domine désormais le panorama général de la violence.
L’intensification du conflit, surtout à l’encontre des populations civiles, a suscité un nombre croissant d’analyses, de commentaires et de réactions diverses. La plupart de ces interprétations privilégient une approche en termes d’irrationalité et de violences éruptives privées de sens. Le propos de cet article est précisément de discuter et confronter cette vision avec une lecture plus rationnelle des faits afin de voir dans quelle mesure la confrontation armée parvient à se structurer dans une trame explicative beaucoup plus intelligible.
Prediagnostic Appearance of Thrombospondin Type-1 Domain 7A Autoantibodies in Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Burbelo Peter D. , Olson Stephen W. , Keller Jason M. , Joshi Megha , Schwartz Daniella M. , Chuang Yung-Jen , Lambeau Gérard , Beck Laurence H. , Waldman Meryl 
Published: November 2022

Key Points

The entire extracellular domain of thrombospondin type-1 domain 7A (THSD7A) in the luciferase immunoprecipitation system immunoassay was required to detect autoantibodies with high sensitivity in membranous nephropathy (MN).In THSD7A-seropositive MN patients, changes in antibody levels precede changes in clinical status.Seropositive THSD7A antibodies were detected in some patients with MN considered to be secondary to autoimmunity or cancer.

Background
Pathogenic autoantibodies against thrombospondin type-1 domain 7A (THSD7A) are present in approximately 3% of patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). Compared with PLA2R antibodies, less is known about THSD7A autoantibodies (ABs) because of the relative rarity and the lack of a commercially available quantitative immunoassay.

Methods
In this study, we describe the development and validation of a highly quantitative luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay for detecting THSD7A ABs and used it to study dominant THSD7A epitopes, disease associations, and monitoring disease activity. The Department of Defense Serum Repository (DODSR) was then used to analyze THSD7A AB in 371 longitudinal serum samples collected before clinical diagnosis of MN from 110 PLA2R-negative MN subjects.

Results
LIPS analysis demonstrated that a near full-length THSD7A (amino acids 1–1656) detected robust autoantibody levels in all known seropositive MN patients with 100% sensitivity and specificity compared with ELISA and/or Western blotting. Most of the THSD7A-seropositive subjects in our pilot cohort had evidence of coexisting autoimmunity or cancer. Moreover, three THSD7A-seropositive patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy showed longitudinal autoantibody levels that tracked clinical status. Additional epitope analysis of two smaller protein THSD7A fragments spanning amino acids 1-416 and 1-671 demonstrated lower sensitivity of 32% and 44%, respectively. In the DODSR cohort, THSD7A seropositivity was detected in 4.5% of PLA2R-negative MN patients. In one primary and in one secondary MN-associated with cancer, THSD7A ABs were detectable <1 month before biopsy-proven diagnosis. In addition, three patients with lupus membranous nephropathy had detectable THSD7A ABs years before hypoalbuminemia and biopsy-proven diagnosis.

Conclusions
Although further studies are needed to explore the significance of THSD7A ABs in lupus membranous nephropathy, this study describes a novel, highly sensitive LIPS immunoassay for detecting THSD7A ABs and adds to the existing literature on THSD7A-associated MN.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

NCT00977977; registration date: September 16, 2009.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Atul Umma Nafi , Sari Yuwita Nur Inda , Lestari Yuyun Juwita 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to show the company's financial ratios PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk. Consisting of: liquidity ratio (Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio), activity ratio (Inventory Turn Over, Fixed Asset Turn Over, Total Assets Turn Over), solvency ratio (total Debt to Total Asset, Total Debt to Equity Ratio ), and profitability ratios (Net Profit Margin, Return on Investment, Return on Equity). The type of research conducted is descriptive research. The focus of the research is the company's financial statements which consist of a balance sheet and income statement for the period 2018-2020. The research was conducted through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on the website. The data source used is secondary data. The data collection technique used in this research is documentation. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis using financial ratio analysis. The results of the analysis of financial ratios consisting of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios for the 2018-2020 period.
A Definitive Technology Stack for Development of Smart Contracts for Energy Applications
Authors: Khan Komal , Ahmed Toqeer , Cali Umit , Arboleya Pablo , Grybniak Sergii , El-Sayed Islam 
Published: November 2022

<p>In recent years, there has been a growing trend in research on smart contract applications. Smart contracts potential in the energy landscape is visible in their major applications such as peer-to-peer energy trading, electric vehicle charging, energy market management, and many more. Many studies have been conducted that produced a lot of literature in this area and many startups and companies have surfaced that exhibit large scope of its application in the energy sector. However, in comparison to other domains, there is still more development required. The literature available focuses on the different technical aspects and use cases, but there's no such scientific article providing gathered details of the smart contracts development process that invites the attention of researchers in the energy domain for development or provides basic knowledge of available tools. It is therefore necessary to contribute with academic articles that summarize this information, thus opening up paths of development in this field and strengthening the community. This paper is the first step towards the implementation of this idea and that is intended to be extended in the future. </p>
Características bioquímicas dos frutos de noni - uma breve revisão
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Leirson , Figueiredo Ana Rosa , Monteiro Marques Jamylle , Tomaz de Oliveira Milena Maria , Rabelo Braga Farias Thayane , De Almeida Freitas Renata , De Oliveira Corrêa Thaís , Ascari Morgado Cristiane Maria 
Published: November 2022

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) é uma planta pertencente à família Rubiaceae e originária do Sudeste Asiático. Esta espécie vem sendo cultivada no mundo com propósito alimentício e medicinal. No Brasil, os frutos são ainda pouco conhecidos e subutilizados. A principal forma de consumo dos frutos é a “in natura”. Os frutos têm sido apontados como de excelente valor acrescentado devido a composição físico-química diferenciada e outros atributos com potencial de qualidade e funcional significativo. A literatura atual relata quantidades apreciáveis de sólidos solúveis, ácido ascórbico e minerais presentes nos frutos, o que os torna ainda mais valiosos como alimento nutracêutico e com fins medicinais. Mesmo com a ampla utilização dos frutos no mundo, ainda é incipiente ou escasso o número de informações relacionadas a caracterização físico-química, centesimal, dos minerais e vitaminas, o que justificam a importância dessa revisão. Ressalta-se também o direcionamento e condução de novos estudos referentes aos atributos de qualidade da espécie e em especial aos seus frutos a fim de conhecer e detalhar melhor os possíveis benefícios voltados ao bem-estar e promoção da saúde humana. Como espécie de grande expressão socioeconômica no mundo, é também importante destacar a atenção dada aos frutos, visando o aumento de seu potencial de mercado e com foco na diversificação da oferta aos consumidores.
The Role of Ultrasound, Scintigraphy, and Cytology in Evaluating Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Laçi Ilirian , Spahiu Alketa , Bodeci Artan , Shpuza Aldo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Thyroid function testing and imaging studies guide the initial management of thyroid nodules. Our study aims to assess the role that ultrasound (US) and scintigraphy play in thyroid nodules.
Methods: We conducted a prospective case series study of 212 consecutive patients presented with thyroid nodules at the tertiary University Hospital of Tirana (“Mother Teresa”) for further evaluation between January 2018 and March 2018. All patients were examined with US and scintigraphy with 99mTc and underwent fine- needle aspiration cytology. Generalized Linear Model (ordinal logistic) was used to predict the dependent variable with 'ordered' multiple categories and independent variables.
Results: The majority of patients (85%) were female, and (15%) males, p<0.001. The ordered logit for US finding’s presence of microcalcifications, adenopathy, solid or solidcystic nodules, being in a higher TIR category was 1.27, 4.56, 2.70 and 1.70 more than absence of microcalcifications, adenopathy and cystic nodules, respectively. Conversely, a one unit (year) increase in age would result in a 0.035 unit decrease in the ordered log-odds of being in a higher TIR category. For the scintigraphy findings, the ordered logit for isohypofunctional and hypofunctional nodules (vs. isofunctional), in a higher TIR category, was 1.70 and 2.10 higher, respectively.
Conclusions: In thyroid glandular nodules, only a small percentage are malignant, therefore examination with ultrasound, scintigraphy and FNA are important to lower the number of patients undergoing surgery. Given the study's results, scintigraphy has a significant value, but in order to diagnose malignant nodules ultrasound remained an initial and important diagnostic tool, which, when combined with FNA, rounds out a clear diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
Le discours populiste comme brouillage des enjeux politiques
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Il ne se passe pas un jour sans que la presse écrite, les bulletins d’information des radios et des journaux télévisés ne lancent à la cantonade le mot de populisme. Il ne se passe pas non plus un jour sans qu’acteurs politiques, commentateurs, chroniqueurs ne se réfèrent au populisme comme cause ou symptôme des crises de notre époque. Bien des écrits d’historiens, de sociologues et de politistes en ont tenté une explication. Il restait à l’étudier du point de vue des discours qui circulent, à son propos, dans l’espace public. Cet article met en lumière la façon dont le populisme, en tant que discours, produit un brouillage des enjeux politiques ; du fait, d’une part, des extrêmes de droite et de gauche, d’autre part, d’une demande sociale qui est en rupture avec les partis traditionnels.
Corrosion Resistance Analysis of Al-Cu, Al-Zn and Al-Cu-Zn Alloys
Authors: Suprapto Wahyono , Zuliantoni Zuliantoni , Setyarini Putu Hadi , Gapsari Femiana , Sudjito Sudjito , Irawan Yudy Surya 
Published: November 2022

Anticipating an alloy's corrosion resistance is essential to avoid product failure and reduce costs. Research and analyze the corrosion resistance of Al-Cu, Al-Zn and Al-Cu-Zn alloys based on the analytical balance of the elements according to weight, thermodynamic, metallurgical rules on metal alloys, kinetic and other properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of Al-5-wt% Cu, Al-5-wt% Zn and Al-5-wt% Cu-5-wt% Zn alloys based on the analytical calculation. Based on the analytical calculation results, the Al-Zn-Cu alloy has the best corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.4375 mmpy. Next is the Al-Cu alloy with a corrosion rate of 0.4634 mmpy. While Al-Zn alloy has the lowest strength with a corrosion rate of 0.4828 mmpy. Based on standard EMF potential values for these three alloys. Al-Zn alloys are most active with an	value of-1.61 V, followed by Al-Zn-Cu alloys with an	value of -
1.60 V, and the noblest Al-Cu alloy has the most positive value of-1.56 V. Faraday's law to get corrosion rates of the anode and cathode materials. In the third reaction, the exothermic alloy has a positive value of so the exothermic reaction occurs.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Japanese encephalitis virus infection in swine population of Assam, India
Authors: Hussain Mir , Dhanze Himani , Mehta Deepa , Kumar M. Suman , Gandham Ravi Kumar , Gupta Megha , Barua AG , Suresh K.P , Singh Balbir B 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To assess the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and associated risk factors in the swine population of Assam.

Methods:
A total of 432 swine serum and blood samples were collected from Barpeta and Sonitpur districts of Assam and were screened for the presence of JEV antibodies. Information related to risk factors was collected using a self-designed questionnaire from 120 swine-rearing farmers. Linear-mixed models were used for prevalence estimation. Univariate and multivariate regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of demography, season and management practices with JEV positive status.

Results:
Overall, the JEV infection prevalence was 51.6% at farm and 47.1% at slaughter premises. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence of envelope gene of two positive field samples revealed that both isolates belonged to genotype III JEV. Isolate 1 shared a common clade with human isolates while isolate 2 belonged to the same clade as that of other JEV swine strain isolated from India. The final multivariate model showed that two factors including monsoon season (Adjusted OR 5.6; 95% CI 2.1-14.9; P<0.001) and water logging in the area near the pig shelter (Adjusted OR 16.9; 95% CI 6.1-47.3; P<0.001) were associated with greater odds of swine being infected with JEV.

Conclusions:
High prevalence of JEV in swine population of Assam state indicates a significant risk of virus transmission to humans while risk factor study underlines the urgent need for awareness campaigns in the Assam.