bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative blood-derived epigenetic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the potential regulatory role of DNA methylation in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Xiao Min , Zheng Xuqi , Li Xiaomin , Wu Xinyu , Huang Yefei , Wei Qiujing , Cao Shuangyan , Gu Jieruo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe currently known risk loci could explain a small proportion of the heritability of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Epigenetics might account for the missing heritability. We aimed to seek more novel AS-associated DNA methylation alterations and delineate the regulatory effect of DNA methylation and gene expression with integrated analysis of methylome and transcriptome.MethodsEpigenome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression were profiled in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 45 individuals (AS: health controls (HCs) = 30:15) with high-throughput array. The methylome was validated in an independent cohort (AS: HCs = 12:12). Pearson correlation analysis and causal inference tests (CIT) were conducted to determine potentially causative regulatory effects of methylation on mRNA expression.ResultsA total of 4794 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified associated with AS, 2526 DMPs of which were validated in an independent cohort. Both cohorts highlighted T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and Th17 differentiation pathways. Besides, AS patients manifested increased DNA methylation variability. The methylation levels of 158 DMPs were correlated with the mRNA expression levels of 112 genes, which formed interconnected network concentrated on Th17 cell differentiation and TCR signaling pathway (LCK, FYN, CD3G, TCF7, ZAP70, CXCL12, and PLCG1). We also identified several cis-acting DNA methylation and gene expression changes associated with AS risk, which might regulate the cellular mechanisms underlying AS.ConclusionsOur studies outlined the landscapes of epi-signatures of AS and several methylation-gene expression-AS regulatory axis and highlighted the Th17 cell differentiation and TCR signaling pathway, which might provide innovative molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for AS.
The sustained adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among pregnant women in Sri Lanka: a reassessment during the second wave
Authors: Patabendige Malitha , Wanniarachchi Dhanushka , Weerasinghe Malika , Ruwanpathirana Pramith , Jayasundara DMCS , Jayawardane Asanka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To study the change in trend of antenatal mental health and associated factors among a cohort of pregnant women during the second wave of COVID-19 using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Previous study using the same scale, during the first wave reported a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression.

Results
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the two large maternity hospitals in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Castle Street Hospital for Women (CSHW) and De Soysa Hospital for Women (DSHW). Consecutively recruited 311 women were studied. Out of which, 272 (87.5%) were having uncomplicated pregnancies at the time of the survey and 106 (34.1%) were either anxious, depressed, or both. Prevalence of anxiety was 17.0% and depression 27.0%. Overall, continuing COVID-19 pandemic increased antenatal anxiety and depression. The trend was to aggravate depression more intensively compared to anxiety in this cohort of women studied. Special support is needed for pregnant mothers during infectious epidemics taking more attention to antenatal depression.
Mild behavioral impairment: measurement and clinical correlates of a novel marker of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Creese Byron , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Late-life onset neuropsychiatric symptoms are established risk factors for dementia. The mild behavioral impairment (MBI) diagnostic framework was designed to standardize assessment to determine dementia risk better. In this Mini Review, we summarize the emerging clinical and biomarker evidence, which suggests that for some, MBI is a marker of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.

Main
MBI is generally more common in those with greater cognitive impairment. In community and clinical samples, frequency is around 10–15%. Mounting evidence in cognitively normal samples links MBI symptoms with known AD biomarkers for amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration, as well as AD risk genes. Clinical studies have found detectable differences in cognition associated with MBI in cognitively unimpaired people.

Conclusion
The emerging evidence from biomarker and clinical studies suggests MBI can be an early manifestation of underlying neurodegenerative disease. Future research must now further validate MBI to improve identification of those at the very earliest stages of disease.
Weighted Ostrowski type inequalities for co-ordinated convex functions
Authors: Budak Hüseyin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, utilizing an identity given by Yıldız and Sarıkaya in (Yildiz and Sarikaya in Int. J. Anal. Appl. 13(1):64–69, 2017), we establish some weighted Ostrowski type inequalities for co-ordinated convex functions in a rectangle from the plane $\mathbb{R} ^{2}$

R
2

. Moreover, as special cases of our main results, we give some weighted Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities. The results given in this paper provide generalizations of some result established in earlier works.
The availability of priority medicines for children under 5 years in eThekwini, South Africa
Authors: Mahadeo Shannice , Narain Keshmika , Mhlongo Lungelo , Chetty Desmaine , Masondo Lindelani , Zungu Mandla , Suleman Fatima , Perumal-Pillay Velisha Ann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, an estimated 8.1 million children under 5 years die annually in developing countries. Ensuring essential medicines are accessible and affordable to the population is key to saving lives. This study investigated accessibility, availability and affordability of a basket of priority medicines for children under 5 years in public and private healthcare sector pharmacies in the eThekwini Metropolitan area in Durban, South Africa.

Methods
The WHO/HAI survey tool for assessing medicine prices, availability and affordability was adapted and employed for a basket of WHO Priority life-saving medicines for children under 5 years. Six district hospitals in the north, south and central eThekwini Metropolitan were selected as major facility reference points and for data collection and pharmacies within a 5 km radius from each major facility were also invited to participate in the study, as outlined in the WHO/HAI tool methodology. Of the 58 pharmacies selected, a total of 27 pharmacies from both private and public healthcare sectors agreed to participate and were surveyed, representing a 47% response rate. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel.

Results
All participating pharmacies (and hence the selected basket of priority medicines at these facilities) were deemed accessible. Overall the public sector had more medicines available on the shelf (averaging 64%) than the private sector (48%) which had more medicines available on order (84%). At least one medicine for each of the eight (8) conditions was available at both sectors which meant patients could be treated for these conditions. Medicines for priority conditions (except HIV, which was a 28-day course) were deemed affordable as these regimens were obtainable within a day’s wage for the lowest paid unskilled worker. Priority medicines for children under 5 years were more available and more affordable in the public sector.

Conclusion
The basket of WHO essential medicines for priority conditions for children under 5 years were accessible, available and affordable in the eThekwini Metropolitan areas. This was the first study in eThekwini to determine access to the WHO basket of priority medicines for children and can be scaled-up to a national study to provide a holistic comparison of these medicines in the country, and also for global comparison.
Efficiency of earthquake forecast models based on earth tidal correlation with background seismicity along the Tonga–Kermadec trench
Authors: Hirose Fuyuki , Maeda Kenji , Kamigaichi Osamu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe correlation between Earth’s tides and background seismicity has been suggested to become stronger before great earthquakes and weaker after. However, previous studies have only retrospectively analyzed this correlation after individual large earthquakes; it thus remains vague (i) whether such variations might be expected preceding future large earthquakes, and (ii) the strength of the tidal correlation during interseismic periods. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated whether significant temporal variations of the tidal correlation precede large interplate earthquakes along the Tonga–Kermadec trench, where Mw 7-class earthquakes frequently occurred from 1977 to 31 December 2020. We evaluated a forecast model based on the temporal variations of the tidal correlation via Molchan’s error diagram, using the tidal correlation value itself as well as its rate of change as threshold values. For Mw ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, this model was as ineffective as random guessing. For Mw ≥ 6.5, 6.0, or 5.5 earthquakes, the forecast model performed better than random guessing in some cases, but even the best forecast only had a probability gain of about 1.7. Therefore, the practicality of this model alone is poor, at least in this region. These results suggest that changes of the tidal correlation are not reliable indicators of large earthquakes along the Tonga–Kermadec trench.
Graphical Abstract
Hip joint motion does not change one year after arthroscopic osteochondroplasty in patients with femoroacetabular impingement evaluated with dynamic radiostereometry
Authors: Hansen Lars , de Raedt Sepp , Jørgensen Peter Bo , Mygind-Klavsen Bjarne , Rømer Lone , Kaptein Bart , Søballe Kjeld , Stilling Maiken 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeDynamic radiostereometric analysis (dRSA) enables precise non-invasive three-dimensional motion-tracking of bones for assessment of joint kinematics. Hereby, the biomechanical effects of arthroscopic osteochondroplasty of the hip (ACH) can be evaluated in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).The aim was to investigate the pre- and postoperative range of motion (ROM) and the CT bone volume removed (BV) after ACH. We hypothesize increase in ROM 1 year after surgery.MethodsThirteen patients (6 female) with symptomatic FAI were included prospectively. The patient’s hips were CT-scanned and CT-bone models were created. Preoperative dRSA recordings were acquired during passive flexion to 90°, adduction, and internal rotation (FADIR). ACH was performed, CT and dRSA were repeated 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. Hip joint kinematics before, and 3 months and 1 year after ACH were compared pairwise. The bone volume removal was quantified and compared to change in ROM.ResultsMean hip internal rotation, adduction and flexion were all unchanged after ACH at 1-year follow-up (p > 0.84). HAGOS scores revealed improvement of quality of life (QOL) from 32 to 60 (p = 0.02). The BV was between 406 and 1783 mm3and did not correlate to post-operative ROM.ConclusionsACH surgery in FAI patients had no impact of ROM at 1-year follow-up. QOL improved significantly. This indicates that the positive clinical effects reported after ACH might be a result of reduced labral stress and cartilage pressure during end-range motion rather than increased ROM.Level of evidenceTherapeutic prospective cohort study, level II.
Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America
Authors: Kusumoto Satoshi , Imai Kentaro , Hori Takane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe estimated the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes from tidal records of two tide gauge stations (San Francisco and San Diego) on the west coast of North America. The first signals of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami were apparent, whereas those of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami were obscured by the later waves of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami. Waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami simulated with nonlinear dispersive wave theory by assuming an origin time of 07:00 GMT on 24 December arrived earlier than in the observations. The normalized root mean square and the misfit between the simulated and observed waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami showed a time difference between them of approximately 0.4 h. This finding suggests that the actual origin time of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami was approximately 07:24 GMT on 24 December. A previous study estimated the origin time of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami to be about 00:30 GMT on 23 December. Thus, we concluded that the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai tsunamis was 30.9 h. Despite the significant difference in the time resolution between the seasonal timekeeping system used in Japan in 1854 and waveform digitization, our result is roughly in agreement with historical descriptions of the tsunamis, suggesting that such information can be effectively used to determine the origin times of historical earthquakes.
Changes in consumers’ awareness and interest in cosmetic products during the pandemic
Authors: Choi Yeong-Hyeon , Kim Seong Eun , Lee Kyu-Hye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis research investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ perspectives of beauty and individual cosmetic products. Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was announced on December 31st, 2019, the search volumes of Google News have been updated and information on confirmed cases of the disease has been collected. This study used Python 3.7, NodeXL 1.0.1, and Smart PLS 3.0 to analyze consumer awareness of cosmetic products during the pandemic. The results reveal that consumers’ perspectives of beauty are impacted by a pandemic. Global consumers perceive skincare as an important aspect during the pandemic, while the importance of makeup fell after the outbreak. The awareness of skincare and makeup products has changed. The spread of the pandemic (SOP) has a positive impact on skincare products, but a negative impact on makeup products, except for eye makeup products, which was positive. Finally, the SOP was not significant in terms of consumers’ interest in masks. Fifth, interest in masks showed a positive relationship with interest in skincare products, such as cleansing products, while a negative relationship was observed with interest in makeup products. Overall, this study concludes that pandemics certainly have an impact on global consumers’ perspectives. As a pandemic spread, interest in skincare products increases, while interest in makeup products decreases. This study has academic significance in that it investigates the effects of consumption of cosmetic products during the stay-at-home rules. It can be used as standard information for setting marketing strategies in pandemic-like situations in the future.
Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: surgical techniques and the regional acceleratory phenomenon
Authors: Keser Elif , Naini Farhad B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Techniques to accelerate tooth movement have been a topic of interest in orthodontics over the past decade. As orthodontic treatment time is linked to potential detrimental effects, such as increased decalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and gingival inflammation, the possibility of reducing treatment time in orthodontics may provide multiple benefits to the patient. Another reason for the surge in interest in accelerated tooth movement has been the increased interest in adult orthodontics.

Review
This review summarizes the different methods for surgical acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. It also describes the advantages and limitations of these techniques, including guidance for future investigations.

Conclusions
Optimization of the described techniques is still required, but some of the techniques appear to offer the potential for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and improving outcomes in well-selected cases.
Anesthetic management of cesarean section in a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis: a case report
Authors: Ando Taichi , Sumie Makoto , Sasaki Shoichi , Yoshimura Miho , Nobukuni Keiko , Maki Jun , Matsushita Katsuyuki , Shirozu Kazuhiro , Higashi Midoriko , Yamaura Ken 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory arteritis. We presented the case of cesarean section in a patient with TA.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old pregnant woman with TA underwent a planned cesarean section at 34 weeks of pregnancy. She had stenosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries and heart failure due to aortic regurgitation. Spinal anesthesia was performed. In addition to standard monitoring, arterial blood pressure in the dorsalis pedis artery and regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation were monitored. Intraoperative arterial blood pressure was maintained using continuous infusion of noradrenaline with a careful intermittent bolus infusion of phenylephrine. All the procedures were successfully performed without significant complications.

Conclusions
In a pregnant woman with TA, severe stenosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries, and heart failure due to valvular heart disease, careful anesthetic management by selecting catecholamines and assessing the perfusion pressure for critical organs is important.
Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Katzourakis Aris , Wyatt Tristram D. , Griffin Stephen 
Published: January 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces, especially among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There was no evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are effective. Conclusions: The above evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Those seeking to provide a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform their efforts.
Evaluation of an ivermectin-based attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) against Aedes aegypti in Tanzania.
Authors: Tenywa Frank Sandra Chelestino , Musa Jeremiah John , Musiba Revocatus Musyangi , Swai Johnson Kyeba , Mpelepele Ahmad Bakar , Okumu Fredros Okech , Maia Marta Ferreira 
Published: January 2022

Background The control of vector borne arboviral diseases such as Dengue is mainly achieved by reducing human-vector contact and controlling the vectors through source reduction and environmental management. These measures are constrained by labour intensity, insecticide resistance and pro-active community participation. The current study intended to develop and test an ivermectin-based attractive-targeted sugar bait (ATSB) against Aedes aegypti. Methods The 48hour lethal concentration (LC90) of ivermectin against Ae. aegypti was determined through serial dilution experiment where five 30cm x 30cm x 30cm cages were set; into each, a 10% sugar solution treated with ivermectin were introduced. 40 Ae. aegypti were released into each cage and observed for mortality after 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours. The ivermectin-based ATSB was evaluated in a semi field system where ATSB and attractive sugar bait (ASB) were deployed into each compartment of the semi field and 100 female Ae. aegypti were released every day and recaptured the next day through human land catch and Bio-gent sentinel trap. The developed and semi-field tested ATSB was further tested in the field by deploying them in garages. Results The ivermectin 48hr LC90 of male and female Ae. aegypti was found to be 0.03% w/v. In the semi field system, the ATSB significantly reduced a free-flying population of Ae. aegypti within 24 hours (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.62; [95% confidence interval (95%CI); 0.54-0.70] and p-value < 0.001). However, in the field, the ATSBs required the addition of yeast as a carbon dioxide source to efficiently attract Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to feed. Conclusion Ivermectin is an active ingredient that can be used in an ATSB for Ae. aegypti depopulation. However, further research is needed to improve the developed and tested ATSB to compete with natural sources of sugar in a natural environment.
Total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior approach in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Argyrou Chrysoula , Tzefronis Dimitrios , Sarantis Michail , Kateros Konstantinos , Poultsides Lazaros , Macheras George A. 
Published: January 2022

Aims There is evidence that morbidly obese patients have more intra- and postoperative complications and poorer outcomes when undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the direct anterior approach (DAA). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of DAA for THA, and compare the complications and outcomes of morbidly obese patients with nonobese patients. Methods Morbidly obese patients (n = 86), with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 who underwent DAA THA at our institution between September 2010 and December 2017, were matched to 172 patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2. Data regarding demographics, set-up and operating time, blood loss, radiological assessment, Harris Hip Score (HHS), International Hip Outcome Tool (12-items), reoperation rate, and complications at two years postoperatively were retrospectively analyzed. Results No significant differences in blood loss, intra- and postoperative complications, or implant position were observed between the two groups. Superficial wound infection rate was higher in the obese group (8.1%) compared to the nonobese group (1.2%) (p = 0.007) and relative risk of reoperation was 2.59 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 9.91). One periprosthetic joint infection was reported in the obese group. Set-up time in the operating table and mean operating time were higher in morbidly obese patients. Functional outcomes and patient-related outcome measurements were superior in the obese group (mean increase of HHS was 52.19 (SD 5.95) vs 45.1 (SD 4.42); p < 0.001), and mean increase of International Hip Outcome Tool (12-items) was 56.8 (SD 8.88) versus 55.2 (SD 5.85); p = 0.041). Conclusion Our results suggest that THA in morbidly obese patients can be safely and effectively performed via the DAA by experienced surgeons. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(1):4–11.