bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modulus of elasticity in flexural vibration tests of Pinus sylvestris sawn timber obtained with fundamental resonant frequency and overtones
Authors: Villasante Antonio , Fernández-Serrano Álvaro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The use of resonant frequency is presently one of the most used non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to predict the mechanical properties of sawn timber. In most cases, only the first vibration mode is used to estimate the static modulus of elasticity (MOES). The use of other vibration modes (overtones) can improve the predictive capacity of this NDT. In this study, the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) obtained from the fundamental flexural resonant frequency and overtones of 38 structural size samples (2000 × 100 × 70 mm3) of Pinus sylvestris were analysed. The study was complemented with 16 small size samples (1000 × 20 × 8.7 mm3) of the same species to know the shear effect in samples with a very high length-to-depth ratio. For the structural size samples, a 6% decrease in the MOEdyn was detected each time the vibration mode increased. Using the second or third vibration mode offered lower errors in the prediction of the MOES than the fundamental resonant frequency. The lowest MOES prediction errors were obtained combining various vibration modes through power regression. This regression turned out to be a simple alternative to avoid the shear effect in the calculation of the MOEdyn.
Das FERTIGUNGS-DIAGNOSE-DIAGRAMM – ein effizientes Werkzeug für die Qualitätslenkung
Authors: Dengel D. , Fischer H. , Vollmar H.-P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In der Galvanotechnik ebenso wie in der Wärmebehandlungstechnik werden die zu behandelnden Teile in vielen Fällen auf Träger- bzw. Chargiergestellen angeordnet. Diese Anordnungen lassen sich aus praktischer Sicht auch als Positionsmatrizen verstehen. Bei einem optimierten Prozess sollten die Produkte nach dem Behandlungszyklus keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den Qualitätseigenschaften aufweisen, die ihrer Position in der jeweiligen Matrix zuzuschreiben wären. Die Ergebnisse einer stichprobenartigen Prüfung nur einiger weniger Produkte – nach Prozessdurchlauf entnommen aus vorher festgelegten Ortsbereichen solcher Gestelle – lassen sich leicht in Form eines Fertigungs-Diagnose-Diagramms (FDD) visualisieren. Eine solche Darstellung vermittelt auf einfachste Weise, sozusagen „auf einen Blick“, die wesentlichsten Informationen über die Produktqualität und deckt darüber hinaus zuverlässig die Schwächen des Prozesses ohne Rückgriff auf komplexe Datenanalysen auf. Die im vorliegenden Beitrag beleuchteten Vorteile des Fertigungs-Diagnose-Diagramms können jedoch weit über die exemplarisch genannten Anwendungsgebiete hinaus in fast allen Feldern der Produktionstechnik mit hoher Effizienz genutzt werden.
Einfluss verschiedener Minimalmengen-Schmierstoffe auf die Bohrungsqualität beim Bohren von CFK-Aluminium-Schichtverbunden
Authors: Koch T. , Garbrecht M. , Walter A. , Brinksmeier E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vor dem Hintergrund der Energieeinsparung gewinnt der Wunsch nach Leichtbaukonstruktionen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Branchen, wie die Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie, Sportgerätehersteller und der Automobilbau, setzen vermehrt auf den Einsatz von Schichtverbunden. Den Vorteilen hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften stehen, bedingt durch die Materialkombinationen oder Prozessvorgaben, Schwierigkeiten in der Fertigung gegenüber. Besonders in der Zerspanung treten Probleme hinsichtlich der Verarbeitung auf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Zerspanuntersuchungen an einem typischen Werkstoffverbund aus kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff und Aluminium unter Einsatz von drei verschiedenen Minimalmengenschmierstoffen vorgestellt und mit der Trockenbearbeitung verglichen. Als Bearbeitungsprozess wurde der Prozess Bohren ins Volle durchgeführt. Zur Beurteilung der Prozessqualität wurden die Parameter Vorschubkraft Ff, die gemittelte Rautiefe Rz und die Abweichung der Bohrungsdurchmesser vom Zieldurchmesser D der hergestellten Bohrung herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eindeutige Qualitätssteigerungen unter Einsatz der Minimalmengenschmierung. Die verwendeten Schmierstoffe lieferten, in Abhängigkeit ihres chemischen Aufbaus, unterschiedliche Resultate bezüglich der Bewertungskriterien.
Antimikrobielle Beschichtungen für Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Peterschewski J. , Veltl G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Werkzeugmaschinen, in denen wassergemischte Kühlschmierstoffe verwendet werden, gibt es Bereiche, die nur schwer oder gar nicht zu reinigen sind. Genau hier werden sich mikrobiologische Beläge, auch Biofilme oder „Pilznester“ genannt, entwickeln und zu einer kontinuierlichen Wiederverkeimung der ganzen Anlage führen. Die Folgen sind Qualitätsverluste in der Fertigung, verkürzte Standzeiten des Kühlschmierstoffs und dadurch bedingt erhöhte Kosten in der Produktion. Das hier vorgestellte Vorhaben hatte das Ziel, Oberflächen antimikrobiell auszustatten oder entsprechend zu modifizieren, dass sie der Anlagerung von Pilzen und Bakterien entgegenwirken und so die Entstehung von Biofilmen weitgehend verhindern. Grundsätzlich kamen zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren der Oberflächenbehandlung zum Einsatz. Zum einen wurden antimikrobiell ausgestattete Lacksysteme verwendet, die sich eignen, bereits bestehende Anlagen nachträglich auszurüsten. Zum anderen wurden antimikrobiell wirksame Metallpartikel direkt auf Stahloberflächen aufgebracht.
Im Rahmen des Vorhabens konnten eine ganze Reihe verschiedener Systeme entwickelt werden, die auch einen achtwöchigen Einsatz unter den Bedingungen eines realen Produktionsprozesses erfolgreich bestanden.
Einfluss der Bauteilgeometrie auf das Entstehen von Verzug beim Wärmebehandeln *
Authors: Andersch C. , Schwarzer J. , Thoben K.-D. , Hoffmann F. , Zoch H.-W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Verzugsverhalten einer komplexen Kraftfahrzeugkomponente untersucht. Dabei stellte sich die Bauteilgeometrie als dominierender verzugsbeeinflussender Faktor heraus. Darüber hinaus wurde erörtert, was die Bauteilgeometrie zum Träger von Verzugspotenzial macht. Abschließend wurde an einfachen Leistengeometrien gezeigt, wie sich der Wärmebehandlungsverzug eines Bauteils durch gezielte Geometriemodifikationen reduzieren lässt.
Dynamics at crystal/melt interface during solidification of multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Fujiwara Kozo , Chuang Lu-Chung , Maeda Kensaku 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A fundamental understanding of crystal growth dynamics during directional solidification of multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) is crucial for the development of crystal growth technology for mc-Si ingots for use in solar cells. In situ observation of the crystal/melt interface is a way to obtain direct evidence of phenomena that occur at a moving crystal/melt interface during growth. In this review, some of the phenomena occurring in the solidification processes of mc-Si are introduced based on our in situ observation experiments, after a brief introduction of the history of the development of crystal growth technologies to obtain mc-Si ingots for solar cells.
In-phase thermomechanical fatigue studies on P92 steel with different hold time
Authors: Li Xin , Zhou Chang-Yu , Pan Xiang-Ming , Chang Le , Lu Lei , Zhang Guo-Dong , Xue Fei , Zhao Yan-Fen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of hold time with 0, 20, and 40 s on in-phase thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior and life of P92 steel is investigated in this study. TMF tests are carried out under mechanical strain control with strain amplitudes of

0.4

0.4

,

0.6

0.6

, and

0.8
%

0.8\text{\%}

, and temperature range of 550–650°C which is closely relevant to the operating condition in power plant. TMF tests are performed in a mechanical strain ratio of

R
=
−
1

R=-1

and cycle time of 120 s. The fatigue life variation follows the sequence of

N

f

0

s

<

N

f

20

s

<

N

f

40

s

{N}_{\text{f}}^{0\hspace{.1em}\text{s}}\lt {N}_{\text{f}}^{20\hspace{.1em}\text{s}}\lt {N}_{\text{f}}^{40\hspace{.1em}\text{s}}

for the same mechanical strain amplitude. In addition, the influence of hold time on fatigue life decreases with the increasing strain amplitude. A continuous softening can be observed from the cyclic stress response under all test conditions. Fractographic and microstructural tests indicate that the fracture surfaces are characterized by a multi-source cracking initiation and an oxidation phenomenon. Furthermore, a modified Ostergren model is used to predict the fatigue life and achieves a good predicted result.
Balancing Competences and the Margin of Appreciation: Structuring Deference at the ECtHR
Authors: Chagas Carolina A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The margin of appreciation is an important argumentative framework employed by the ECtHR. Through its application, the Court may establish a balanced relationship with the member states. This is why the margin is one of the main sources for the ECtHR’s exercise of deference. Deference happens when low intensity of review is applied – or a wide margin. Therefore, to properly know when to act deferentially demands a clear procedure to determine the intensity of review. However, the application of the margin still presents some weak points and lacks consistency. In this paper, I defend the possibility of applying formal balancing to provide a clearer structure for the exercise of the margin of appreciation and, thus, a way to improve deferential practices by the ECtHR. With the clear structure of balancing, factors are employed in a more organized manner and the relationships behind the idea of determining the intensity of review are explicitly justified. Hence, the notion and structure of balancing competences organize the margin of appreciation in a way to free it from its main criticisms and fulfill the argumentative potential it has.
Erinnern als interkulturelles Handeln am Beispiel des Shanghaier Exils
Authors: Tong Xin , Zhang Fan 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag rückt den sozial-kommunikativen Prozesscharakter von Erinnern in den Blick und untersucht kommunikative Erinnerungspraktiken in der deutschen und chinesischen Gesellschaft. Im Kontext der kulturwissenschaftlichen Gedächtnis- und Exilforschung werden die Exil-Diskurse in Deutschland und China exemplarisch anhand des Beispiels des Erinnerns an die Zuflucht der Juden in China neu reflektiert, indem eine kulturvergleichende bzw. komparatistische Perspektive profiliert wird. Dabei soll ein kommunikativer Erinnerungsprozess bezüglich des Refugiums in der Stadt Shanghai aufgezeigt werden, der über geografische und kulturelle Grenzen transzendiert und auf einen profunden deutsch-chinesischen Austausch in multiplen Bereichen hinweist. Hierbei wird erkenntlich, dass das Erinnern an das Shanghaier Exil über den jüdischen Kontext hinausgehend mit weiteren deutschen und chinesischen kollektiven Erinnerungen korreliert und Dialoge zwischen Ländern sowie Kulturen fördert.
Distribution network regional opportunity maintenance model design considering total supply capability upgrade of distributed power
Authors: Shen Haitian , Li Changyu , Chen Xiaofeng , Yu Qian , Shentu Jianpan , Hou Siwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Because the existing maintenance models are not statistically analyzed, the maintenance effect is not ideal. Therefore, a distribution network area opportunistic maintenance model considering the total supply capability promotion of distributed generation is designed to achieve the total supply capability promotion and reduce the network loss rate after maintenance. Considering multiple time scales, the distribution network total supply capability model is constructed, and the improved repetitive power flow algorithm is used to count the model; taking the total supply capability model as the reliability basis of the distribution network system, and the maximum power supply capacity as the goal, the regional opportunistic maintenance model of total supply capability promotion is constructed, and the model is used to determine the area to be repaired, fully considering the reliability requirements of the distribution system, and combining with the node depth coding technology and the simulation Genetic algorithm optimizes the network structure, realizes the network reconfiguration, and completes the model solution. Through the analysis of the actual data, using this model to repair the regional equipment of distribution network can obtain good maintenance results. After the completion of maintenance, the network loss rate is low, but the total supply capability is high, which has good maintenance effect.
Research on topology adaptive method of distributed feeder automation based on IEC 61850
Authors: Zhao Ruifeng , Lu Jiangang , Chen Jinrong , Guo Wenxin , Liang Yongliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDistributed feeder automation (FA) needs to automatically recognize the changes in the feeder topology in real-time and has to configure the application topology of the corresponding distributed functions. This paper analyzes the application topology’s requirements when implementing distributed FA for the feeder equipped with a smart terminal unit (STU) and a fault passage indicator (FPI). Based on IEC 61850, the functional logic node and topology configuration of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are studied. The application topology identification and data flow dynamic binding methods for fault location, fault isolation, and power supply restoration are proposed. A case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of konjac glucomannan on pasting, rheological, and structural properties of low-amylose rice starch
Authors: Yue Yuxi , Ren Bingxi , Zhong Kai , Wu Yanping , Bu Qian , Gao Hong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Blend of starch and polysaccharide is a secure and feasible modifying method for starch. Effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on pasting, retrogradation, rheological and structural properties of low-amylose rice starch were evaluated. KGM addition reduced the pasting temperature, breakdown and setback values, but raised the peak viscosity. When KGM concentration increased, the storage and loss moduli showed an upward trend. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed redshifts at 3450 and 1640 cm−1 and suggested the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bond between KGM and starch molecules. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that KGM decreased the relative crystallinity from 11.88 to 3.10%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of KGM induced samples showed looser network structures, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) detected less cloud-like blurry pastes surrounding around the starch ghosts. KGM addition suppressed the starch retrogradation. These results could be used to broaden the application of KGM in the food industry.
The effects of rotational and traverse speeds and SiC particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 5052 in friction stir welding
Authors: Sharabeyani Sattar , Daei Sorkhabi Amir Hossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of variations in the traverse and rotational speeds of the welding tool on mechanical properties of friction stir welding of AA 5052 plates have been investigated. For this purpose, variations of microstructure, tensile properties and hardness of metals joined at rotational speeds of 500, 800 and 1000 rpm and traverse speeds of 41.5, 80 and 125 mm min−1 have been studied. The results showed that the average grain size of the welded joint reduced with increasing rotational and traverse speeds, because of more intensive dynamic recrystallization. Micro-hardness and ultimate tensile strength increased with increasing rotational speed. The effects of adding of SiC particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties at optimum rotational and traverse speeds were examined.
Influence of hot extrusion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3/7075 aluminum matrix composites
Authors: Tu Kai , Yan Hong , Xiong JunJie , Wei ZhiFan , Hu Zhi , Wan JianPing , Wang ZhiLu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The influence of hot extrusion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3/7075 aluminum matrix composites was investigated via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing. The results indicate that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of the as-extruded composites respectively reached 244.4 MPa, 360.3 MPa, 11.0 %, which increased by 20.24, 33.28 and 507.73 %, compared to those of the as-cast composites. The hot extrusion process grants the composites fine compactness and significantly improves the distribution of Al2O3 particles in the composite. The eutectic phase at the grain boundaries was crushed into small fragments under shear force after hot deformation. Moreover, high dislocation density near the Al2O3 particles and grain boundaries was observed in the extruded composite. The failure mode of the as-cast material was quasi-cleavage fracture, while the failure mode of the as-extruded material was primarily ductile fracture.
Radiation synthesis and characterization of polymeric wet adhesives for attracting and trapping insects
Authors: Elhady Muhamed A. , Mousaa Issa M. , Awadallah-F Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diverse wet adhesives were prepared from oleic acid (OA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI) at different ratios for attracting and trapping insects. The ratios of (PVP-PI)/OA were 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 (g/g). The ratio between PVP and PI was 9 to 1 (g/g). The blends were irradiated with doses from 10 to 50 kGy. Adhesion properties, water sorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were conducted. The results show that the adhesion of all wet adhesives was augmented by increasing the irradiation dose up to 20 kGy. The best wet adhesive composition was 2:1, which contained a high concentration of oleic acid. The wet adhesives of (PVP-PI)/OA were tested to attract and trap flies and mosquitoes.
Fabrication of magnetic core–shell Fe nanowires by electrochemical deposition
Authors: Cao Xiaoming , Mukhtar Aiman , Gu Liyuan , Wu Kai Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Highly-ordered Fe nanowires (NWs) were successfully electrodeposited in a laboratory made anodic aluminum oxide template with a diameter of 30 nm. The as prepared Fe NWs were used as a substrate to prepare core–shell Fe@Fe3O4 NWs after annealing and hydrogen reduction at high temperature. The phase transformation of the oxide shell of electrodeposited Fe NWs took the form Fe2O3 → α-Fe2O3 → Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the surface of Fe@Fe
x−1O
x
NWs was smooth and orderly, and the oxide layer was dense and uniform. The magnetic analysis of Fe@Fe
x−1 O
x
nanowires was carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer. It was found that Fe@Fe3O4 nanowires manifested the characteristics of super-paramagnetism in the direction perpendicular to the nanowires due to smaller coercive force, and they can be suitable material for future biomedical applications.
Analysis of the evolution of Mg2Si precipitates during continuous cooling and subsequent re-heating of a 6061 aluminum alloy with differential scanning calorimetry and a simple model
Authors: Falkinger Georg , Reisecker Christian , Mitsche Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Al–Mg–Si alloys the presence of β-Mg2Si precipitates crucially affects strength and recrystallization during hot deformation and annealing. This work contributes to the understanding of the evolution of β-Mg2Si precipitates throughout a typical production process by investigating a continuous cooling and re-heating sequence with differential scanning calorimetry at varying rates. A simple model for nucleation and growth with improved numerical properties is presented and validated with the help of the calorimetric curves. The model, which is designed for future implementation in a finite element software, is shown to be very suitable for predicting the phase formation during cooling but limited for predicting the phase dissolution during re-heating.
Effects of alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Cr12MoV cold-working die steel
Authors: Fang Kai , Guo Xun , Huang Feng , Zhou Jianxin , Xu Qingyan , Qin Xunpeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A group of orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Cr12MoV cold-working die steel. The results indicate that the solidification structures are mainly composed of equiaxed grains with reticular eutectic carbides precipitated at grain boundaries. While Mo has little effect on grain size, the structures could be effectively refined by V and Ce, and Ce addition is beneficial for breaking up the grain boundary eutectic networks. The compressive yield strength and micro-hardness increase with increasing V content and decreasing Ce content. For Mo, the yield strength and micro-hardness reach their maximum values at 0.5 wt.% and 0.9 wt.% respectively. Overall, considering the grain size number, micro-hardness and yield strength, the optimal contents of Mo, V and Ce are given.
Analysis of Mixing in Corotating Twin Screw Extruders through Numerical Simulation
Authors: Avalosse T. , Rubin Y. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mixing is a major ingredient in many industrial processes to obtain desired and uniform material properties. Nowadays, many materials, pigments, additives, gas or reactants, are mixed to create new products combining the characteristics of different raw materials to obtain specific product properties. The quality of the mixing, i.e. the uniformity of the mixture, is a key issue that will determine the morphology and the properties of the resulting compound [1, 2]. An insight in the physics of mixing is therefore necessary in order to achieve a good quality of mixing or maintain it when scaling equipment, for example.
Such information can now be obtained through the numerical simulation of the transient flow in extruder components. To improve greatly the ease of obtaining such information, a new technique introduced in a finite elements software is presented. This technique simplifies the meshing, reduces the meshes needed and eliminates complex remeshing algorithms to simulate flow in screws, pumps and mixing devices.
This technique is validated versus traditional simulation methods (i.e. conforming meshes). 3-D transient numerical simulations of two twin screw extruder configurations are then presented. A further quantitative comparison of their mixing behavior is developed as statistical information (of the RTD, deformations, dispersion, etc.) can be obtained to compare both configurations in a synthetic and quantitative way.
The Adjustable Grooved Feed Extruder
Authors: Rauwendaal C. , Sikora J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grooved feed extruders have been around since about the 1960s. These extruders offer considerable advantages over conventional extruders, such as higher throughput, better stability, and the ability to process very high molecular weight polymers. There are some important disadvantages as well, for instance, higher motor load, wear is more likely, high pressures in the grooved region, and the screw design has to be adapted.
The disadvantages of the grooved feed extruder disappear when the grooved feed extruder is made with a mechanism that allows adjustment of the groove depth. This paper will report on the development of grooved feed extruders that incorporate an adjustment mechanism that allows the depth of the grooves to be changed, during actual operation, from zero to full depth. Operational data from actual extrusion experiments are presented.