bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium‐chain Acyl‐COA dehydrogenase deficiency: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Mason Emily , Hindmarch Charles C. T. , Dunham‐Snary Kimberly J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedium‐Chain Acyl‐CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD) is the most common inherited metabolic disorder of β‐oxidation. Patients with MCADD present with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, which may quickly progress to lethargy, coma, and death. Prognosis for MCADD patients is highly promising once a diagnosis has been established, though management strategies may vary depending on the severity of illness and the presence of comorbidities.Methods and ResultsGiven the rapid developments in the world of gene therapy and implementation of newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders, the provision of concise and contemporary knowledge of MCADD is essential for clinicians to effectively manage patients. Thus, this review aims to consolidate current information for physicians on the pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for MCADD patients.ConclusionMCADD is a commonly inherited metabolic disease with serious implications for health outcomes, particularly in children, that may be successfully managed with proper intervention.
Cabergoline treatment promotes myocardial recovery in peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pfeffer Tobias J. , Mueller Julia H. , Haebel Lea , Erschow Sergej , Yalman Kuebra C. , Talbot Steven R. , Koenig Tobias , Berliner Dominik , Zwadlo Carolin , Scherr Michaela , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise , Bauersachs Johann , Ricke‐Hoch Melanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare heart disease, occurring in previously heart‐healthy women during the last month of pregnancy or the first months after delivery due to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. A common pathomechanistic pathway of PPCM includes increased oxidative stress and the subsequent generation of a cleaved prolactin fragment (16 kDa PRL), which promotes the onset of heart failure (HF) in a microRNA (miR)‐146a‐dependent manner. Inhibition of prolactin secretion with the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist bromocriptine combined with standard HF therapy supports cardiac recovery. This study examined whether treatment with the more selective D2R agonist cabergoline prevents HF development in an experimental PPCM mouse model and might be used as an alternative treatment regime for PPCM.Methods and resultsPostpartum (PP) female PPCM‐prone mice with a cardiomyocyte restricted STAT3‐deficiency (αMHC‐Cretg/+; Stat3fl/fl; CKO) were treated over two consecutive nursing periods with cabergoline (CKO Cab, 0.5 mg/kg/day) and were compared with bromocriptine treated CKO (CKO Br) and postpartum‐matched WT and CKO mice. Cabergoline treatment in CKO PP mice preserved cardiac function [fractional shortening (FS): CKO Cab: 34.5 ± 9.4% vs. CKO: 22.1 ± 9%, P < 0.05] and prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation as effective as bromocriptine therapy (FS: CKO Br: 33.4 ± 5.6%). The myocardial up‐regulation of the PPCM biomarkers plasminogen inhibitor activator 1 (PAI‐1) and miR‐146a were prevented by both cabergoline and bromocriptine therapy.A small cohort of three PPCM patients from the German PPCM Registry was treated with cabergoline (1 mg per week for 2 weeks, followed by 0.5 mg per week for another 6 weeks) due to a temporary unavailability of bromocriptine. All PPCM patients initially presented with a severely reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF: 26 ± 2%). However, at 6 months of follow‐up, LV function (LVEF: 56 ± 2%) fully recovered in all three PPCM patients, and no adverse events were detected.ConclusionsIn the experimental PPCM mouse model, the selective D2R agonist cabergoline prevents the onset of postpartum HF similar to bromocriptine. In PPCM patients, cabergoline treatment was safe and effective as all patients fully recovered. Cabergoline might serve as a promising alternative to bromocriptine. However, these findings are based on experimental data and a small case series and thus have to be interpreted with caution and should be validated in a larger clinical trial.
Gemifloxacin removal from aqueous solution by rice‐straw based activated carbon: Batch adsorption and thermal regeneration
Authors: Najafi Hanieh , Sharifian Seyedmehdi , Asasian‐Kolur Neda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the worldwide concern about emerging contaminants in aqueous systems, the main objective of the present study is the adsorption of gemifloxacin (GMF), a fluoroquinolone‐type antibiotic, by rice straw‐based activated carbon. The rice straw chemically activated with K2CO3 (RSAC) had very high carbon content (>80%) and low silica content (due to the extraction step after activation), high specific surface area (1668 m2/g), and oxygenated functional groups. The GMF adsorption capacity of RSAC was relatively dependent on the initial pH of the solution and highly dependent on the adsorbent dose. The pseudo‐second order model and the BET isotherm models were the best models for predicting adsorption's kinetic and equilibrium behaviors. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of RSAC at 25, 35, and 45°C were 565.6, 552.4, and 525.8 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated a spontaneous and exothermic character of the GMF adsorption process. n–π, π–π, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding were demonstrated as probable mechanisms involved. Thermal regeneration of GMF‐saturated RSAC at 550°C resulted in perfect adsorbent regeneration in the second cycle and reasonable performance in the third cycle.
The future of manufacturing: Utopia or dystopia?
Authors: Marinescu Adrian , Argyle Elizabeth M. , Duvnjak Joshua , Wilson Max L. , Lawson Glyn , Sharples Sarah , Hubbard Ella‐Mae , Justham Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital manufacturing technologies (DMTs) have the potential to transform industry productivity, but their introduction into the workplace is often a complex process, requiring not only technical expertise but also an awareness of ethical and societal challenges surrounding human–system integration. Concerns about the introduction of new technology have been prevalent throughout history, and exploring public perceptions of these technologies can provide insight to help address such cultural anxieties. However, evaluating user perceptions of futuristic technology is difficult, requiring novel approaches to provide context and understanding. To explore users' perceptions of future DMTs, we applied the ContraVision technique in a questionnaire‐based study. Participants viewed films, representing fictionalized utopic and dystopic visions of what the future of these DMTs might involve, and a questionnaire probed the perceptions of the technologies afterward. Findings showed that irrespective of the way technology was portrayed, participants had concerns about the ethical and responsible implementation of these tools. Participant responses were analyzed to identify key challenges for policy surrounding DMT implementation in the future of manufacturing.
The potential for nitrate removal during infiltration: Mapping with machine learning informed by field and laboratory experiments
Authors: Gorski Galen , Fisher Andrew T. , Dailey Hannah , Beganskas Sarah , Schmidt Calla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) can increase groundwater supply and, under some conditions, improve groundwater quality simultaneously. However, the conditions under which water quality improvements can be achieved during infiltration for MAR have not been systematically examined in a spatially explicit manner. This work aims to address that gap by synthesizing observations from laboratory tests, field experiments and operational facilities at four MAR sites within the Pajaro Valley, California, USA to develop a predictive model of nitrate removal during infiltration. We compare two machine learning approaches; random forest and boosted regression trees, to multiple linear regression. The preferred model uses boosted regression trees, with four predictor variables (initial nitrate concentration of infiltrating water, residence time in the soil, soil organic carbon content, and soil percent clay). We apply this model to simulate the spatial distribution ofpotential nitrate removal(NRp) across a heterogeneous and mixed‐use landscape, finding that >87% of the region has the potential to remove nitrate during infiltration. To link potential nitrate removal capacity to available water for MAR, we combine a map of NRpwith independently simulated hillslope runoff, and find that potential load reduction is highest in urban areas (median = 18.8 kg‐N/yr) where large runoff volumes are collocated with soils having high nutrient cycling capacity compared to forested and agricultural areas (median = 1.6 and 3.5 kg‐N/yr, respectively). We analyse potential load reduction across dry, normal, and wet precipitation scenarios, which shows that urban areas have the potential to yield large load reductions (median = 11.3 kg‐N/yr) even under relatively dry conditions. However, much of the generation of elevated nitrate in runoff is associated with agricultural activity. These results suggest that the urban–agricultural interface represents a crucial link between hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles where water supply and quality goals may be met simultaneously. The technical approach used in this study is highly flexible and can help guide decisions in resource management and identify promising MAR sites. More broadly, this approach also elucidates heterogeneity in biogeochemical cycling across complex landscapes.
The role of neighborhood collective efficacy in moderating associations between adversity and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents
Authors: Rivera Kenia M. , Doom Jenalee R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeighborhood collective efficacy is associated with lower internalizing and externalizing problems. There is evidence that neighborhood factors may moderate associations between child adversity and behavior problems (e.g., Riina et al., 2014). There is a limited understanding of whether neighborhood collective efficacy moderates the associations between adversity (threat/deprivation) and internalizing and externalizing problems. Our study tested these associations in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2666). Parental disengagement (deprivation) and parental harshness (threat) severity scores from ages 1–9 years were calculated by using caregiver report. Neighborhood collective efficacy, including its components informal social control and social cohesion, was reported at age 9. Internalizing and externalizing problems were reported at age 15. The lowest level of internalizing problems was reported for adolescents living in neighborhoods with high neighborhood collective efficacy who also experienced low parental disengagement. Among adolescents who lived in neighborhoods with high neighborhood collective efficacy or high informal social control at age 9, higher parental disengagement was associated with higher externalizing problems at 15. Further research is needed to understand complex associations between adversity, neighborhood collective efficacy, and adolescent behavior problems.
Double Doppler Tei index combined with lung ultrasound to evaluate the right ventricular function and lung condition in neonates with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Dai Zeyi , Lai Guifeng , Chen Zekun , Li Yujuan , Chen Xiaokang , Lyu Guorong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo explore the applicability of the Tei index combined with lung ultrasound score (LUS) in the evaluation of the lung condition and the right ventricular function of patients with neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PH).MethodsThirty healthy neonates and 75 neonates with PH were included. Two‐dimensional, M‐mode, and double Doppler ultrasound were used to detect RVFAC, TAPSE, TAPSV, and double Doppler Tei index (DD‐Tei index). Intra‐group correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman, the Spearman rank method, and the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) were used for other objectives within the study. LUS was used to score the lung condition of 75 neonates with PH with or without respiratory distress and 30 normal neonates in the control group, and the differences were compared. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the lung score, DD‐Tei index, pulmonary artery pressure, assisted breathing therapy, and the correlation of invasive mechanical ventilation.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the decrease of the values of RVFAC, TAPSE, TAPSV, and the increase of the DD‐Tei index among the groups. RVFAC, TAPSE, TAPSV, and DD‐Tei index showed good performance for PH, and the DD‐Tei index had the best diagnostic performance. The increase in pulmonary artery pressure, lung score, and DD‐Tei index in the PH were statistically significant compared with the control group. The DD‐Tei index and lung scores were positively correlated with pulmonary artery pressure, assisted breathing therapy, and invasive mechanical ventilation.ConclusionDual Doppler ultrasonography combined with pulmonary ultrasound performed well in the assessment of the right ventricular function and lung condition of neonatal with PH.
Differentiating the incidence and burden of HIV by age among women who sell sex: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stoner Marie C. D. , Rucinski Katherine B. , Lyons Carrie , Napierala Sue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionYoung women who sell sex (YWSS) are at heightened risk of HIV acquisition and transmission and are among the least engaged in HIV services. There is insufficient epidemiologic evidence characterizing the burden of HIV among YWSS, particularly as compared to older WSS. These data are needed to design and tailor effective HIV prevention and treatment programmes for this population.MethodsWe conducted two parallel systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to define both the immediate and long‐term HIV risks for YWSS, including among women engaged in sex work, survival sex and transactional sex. In the first review, we identified and synthesized published studies of HIV incidence comparing estimates for cisgender women ≤24 years of age versus >24. In the second review, we identified and synthesized studies of HIV prevalence, comparing estimates for cisgender women who initiated selling sex <18 versus ≥18 years. In both reviews, we completed a search of four databases for articles in any language and any geographic area published from 1 January 1980 until 12 February 2021. Included articles were assessed for quality and a random effects model was used to calculate pooled effect estimates for each review.Results and DiscussionWe identified 12 studies for the HIV incidence review and 18 studies for the HIV prevalence review. In a meta‐analysis, HIV incidence was elevated in younger (5.3 per 100 person‐years [PY]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5, 7.1) compared to older women (2.8 per 100 PY; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.9), although CIs overlapped. HIV prevalence among those who initiated selling sex <18 years of age (28.8; 95% CI: 18.9, 38.7) was higher than those who initiated later (20.5; 95% CI: 12.4, 28.6).ConclusionsThese companion reviews offer an important perspective on the relative HIV risk of engaging in selling sex at a younger age. Our findings highlight the unique and intersectional challenges YWSS face, and the importance of ensuring that health services are tailored to meet their specific needs. Research and programming should routinely stratify data into meaningful age bands to differentiate and intervene within this population.
The thoracic anatomy of Pselaphus heisei (Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera)
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Zhu , Jałoszyński Paweł , Beutel Rolf Georg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe document external and internal thoracic structures of the free‐living pselaphine beetle Pselaphus heisei (Pselaphitae) using a set of traditional and modern techniques. Like in the specialized myrmecophile Claviger testaceus (Clavigeritae), the skeletal elements of the pro‐ and pterothorax are highly compact, with largely reduced inter‐ and intrasegmental sutures. Features previously listed as synapomorphies of staphylinid subgroups, to which Pselaphinae belong, are confirmed for P. heisei. The only previously proposed thoracic synapomorphy of Pselaphinae, the mesoventral foveae, is likely transformed in P. heisei: we assume that the concavities are directed mesad and internally fused, thus forming a broad channel (“perforation”) extending through the keel‐like median region of the mesoventrite. The prothoracic foveal system is strongly reduced, with only one pair of pits present in front of the procoxae. Their internal invaginations form a transverse ventral endoskeletal bar that stabilizes the prothorax. The condition observed in the free‐living P. heisei is in contrast with previous hypotheses linking the reduction of the foveal system with myrmecophily. Moreover, traces of the mesoventral foveae are even preserved in the highly specialized inquiline C. testaceus. Gland cells are associated with areas of hyaline squamose setae on different body regions, suggesting release of secretions on the ventral side of the head, pro‐ and mesothorax, and abdominal base. Similar specialized setal patches are common in Pselaphini and related groups within Pselaphitae. The prothoracic musculature in P. heisei is more complex than that in the myrmecophilous C. testaceus and the free‐living, unspecialized Creophilus maxillosus (Staphylininae). The metathoracic muscle system is strongly simplified, demonstrating that P. heisei cannot fly, even though wings, some skeletal elements of the flight apparatus, and some small direct flight muscles are preserved. It cannot be fully excluded that indirect flight muscles and thus a functional flight apparatus is preserved in a certain percentage of individuals.
Embedding social relations into primary care: A population‐based approach. What matters most? Population practice of social ecology in medicine and communities
Authors: Kingston Helen Mary , da Cunha Frances 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of social connectedness has long been an area of research in medical research. The damaging impact of social isolation is recognised and proven. This article describes our experiences of embedding routine enquiry about networks of support into routine clinical care.AimsThe majority of care happens through the strength of bonds and support between the network of immediate family and friends. Acknowledging these networks and actively working to support them is central to health and wellbeing.ResultsIn parallel, working to improve professional networks builds trust, shared understanding and stronger relationships that benefit us all. The strengthening of bonds across and between teams delivering health care can benefit those working within them and lead to improved outcomes for both staff and patients.ConclusionDeveloping Frome as a compassionate community has enabled improved patient care, improved staff wellbeing and financial savings for the health community.
All‐Printed Multilayers and Blends of Poly(dioxythiophene) Derivatives Patterned into Flexible Electrochromic Displays
Authors: Brooke Robert , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Majee Subimal , Olsson Oliver , Dahlin Andreas , Andersson Ersman Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLow‐cost, flexible and thin display technology is becoming an interesting field of research as it can accompany the wide range of sensors being developed. Here, the synthesis of poly(dimethylpropylene‐dioxythiophene) (PProDOT‐Me2) by combining vapor phase polymerization and screen printing is presented. A multilayer architecture using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PProDOT‐Me2 to allow for electrochromic switching of PProDOT‐Me2, thereby eliminating the need for a supporting transparent conductive (metal oxide) layer is introduced. Furthermore, the technology is adapted to a blended architecture, which removes the additional processing steps and results in improved color contrast (∆E* > 25). This blend architecture is extended to other conductive polymers, such as PEDOT and polypyrrole (PPy), to highlight the ability of the technique to adjust the color of all‐printed electrochromic displays. As a result, a green color is obtained when combining the blue and yellow states of PEDOT and PPy, respectively. This technology has the potential to pave the way for all‐printed multicolored electrochromic displays for further utilization in printed electronic systems in various Internet of Things applications.
Building a tissue‐unbiased brain template of fiber orientation distribution and tractography with multimodal registration
Authors: Lv Jinglei , Zeng Rui , Ho Mai Phuong , D'Souza Arkiev , Calamante Fernando 
Published: October 2022

PurposeBrain templates provide an essential standard space for statistical analysis of brain structure and function. Despite recent advances, diffusion MRI still lacks a template of fiber orientation distribution (FOD) and tractography that is unbiased for both white and gray matter. Therefore, we aim to build up a set of such templates for better white‐matter analysis and joint structural and functional analysis.MethodsWe have developed a multimodal registration method to leverage the complementary information captured by T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and diffusion MRI, so that a coherent transformation is generated to register FODs into a common space and average them into a template. Consequently, the anatomically constrained fiber‐tracking method was applied to the FOD template to generate a tractography template. Fiber‐centered functional connectivity analysis was then performed as an example of the benefits of such an unbiased template.ResultsOur FOD template preserves fine structural details in white matter and also, importantly, clear folding patterns in the cortex and good contrast in the subcortex. Quantitatively, our templates show better individual‐template agreement at the whole‐brain scale and segmentation scale. The tractography template aligns well with the gray matter, which led to fiber‐centered functional connectivity showing high cross‐group consistency.ConclusionWe have proposed a novel methodology for building a tissue‐unbiased FOD and anatomically constrained tractography template based on multimodal registration. Our templates provide a standard space and statistical platform for not only white‐matter analysis but also joint structural and functional analysis, therefore filling an important gap in multimodal neuroimage analysis.
Formation and growth of multiple, distinct ice lenses in frost heave
Authors: Gao Hao , Ghoreishian Amiri Seyed Ali , Kjelstrup Signe , Grimstad Gustav , Loranger Benoit , Scibilia Elena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a fully coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) model which simulates frost heave in fully saturated soils. The model is able to simulate the formation and growth of multiple distinct ice lenses. The basic equations of the system were derived using the continuum theory of mixtures, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and fracture mechanics, considering skeleton deformation, water flow and heat transport. Central to this model is the coupled transport of mass due to the temperature gradient across the frozen fringe, which acts as the main driving force of the phenomenon. The model is formulated in terms of measurable physical properties and thus no ad hoc parametrization is required. In an ice‐lens‐free state, the system is solved as a continuum using the finite element method (FEM). It is then locally treated as a discontinuous system upon the formation of ice lens, by enriching the elements carrying the embedded ice lens(es) using the extended finite element method (X‐FEM). The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model has been verified using several laboratory tests on Devon silt samples at different overburden pressures and thermal boundary conditions. Shut‐off pressures have been also estimated and compared with the experimental results.