bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of meat consumption across socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric groups in Switzerland: results from the National Nutrition Survey menuCH
Authors: Tschanz Linda , Kaelin Ivo , Wróbel Anna , Rohrmann Sabine , Sych Janice 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:Characterising meat consumption in Switzerland across socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric groups.Design:Representative national data from the menuCH survey (two 24-hour dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements and a lifestyle questionnaire) were used to analyse the total average daily intake of meat and main meat categories. Energy-standardised average intake (g/1000 kcal) was calculated and its association with 12 socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables was investigated using multivariable linear regression.Setting:Switzerland.Participants:Totally, 2057 participants aged 18–75 years.Results:Average total meat intake was 109 g/d, which included 43 g/d of processed meat, 37 g/d of red meat and 27 g/d of white meat. Energy-standardised meat intake was highest for men, the Italian-language region and the youngest age group (18–29 years). Regression results showed significantly lower total meat and red meat consumption (g/1000 kcal) for women than men. However, there were no sex-specific differences for white meat. Total meat and white meat consumption were positively associated with the 18–29 age group, compared with 30–44 years, non-Swiss compared with Swiss participants and one-parent families with children compared with couples without children. Consumption of all categories of meat showed positive associations for BMI > 25 kg/m2 compared with BMI 18·5–25 kg/m2 and for French- and Italian-language regions compared with German-language region.Conclusion:The current study reveals that there are significant differences in the amounts and types of meat consumed in Switzerland, suggesting that evidence-based risks and benefits of these categories need to be emphasised more in meat consumption recommendations.
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Liu Bin , Liu Sitong , Wu David J. H. , Wang Jianming , Qian Yi , Ye Ding , Mao Yingying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Sleep disturbance is an important factor in the pathophysiology and progression of psychiatric disorders, but whether it is a cause, or a downstream effect is still not clear.

Methods
To investigate causal relationships between three sleep-associated traits and seven psychiatric diseases, we used genetic variants related to insomnia, chronotype and sleep duration to perform a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis. Summary-level data on psychiatric disorders were extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Effect estimates were obtained by using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weights modified IVW, weighted-median methods, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and Robust Adjusted Profile Score (RAPS).

Results
The causal odds ratio (OR) estimate of genetically determined insomnia was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.45; p = 5.03 × 10−11) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 1.31 (95% CI 1.25–1.37; p = 6.88 × 10−31) for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.23–1.40; p = 1.42 × 10−16) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There were suggestive inverse associations of morningness chronotype with risk of MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ). Genetically predicted sleep duration was also nominally associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD). Conversely, PTSD and MDD were associated with an increased risk of insomnia (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.10, p = 7.85 × 10−4 for PTSD; OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.64; p = 0.001 for MDD). A suggestive inverse association of ADHD and MDD with sleep duration was also observed.

Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence of potential causal relationships between sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders. This suggests that abnormal sleep patterns may serve as markers for psychiatric disorders and offer opportunities for prevention and management in psychiatric disorders.
Who Believes in the Species? Three-Factor Structure and Heritability of Generativity
Authors: Wang Wenlu , Zakharin Michael , Bates Timothy C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractErikson asked what makes some people care for the future of the species and others not, calling this ‘generativity vs. stagnation’. In three studies, we addressed structure of this trait and its heritability. Study 1 (N = 1570), using structural models of the Loyola Generativity Scale , revealed three correlated factors consisting of (1) Establishing and aiding the next generation; (2) Maintaining the world; and (3) Symbolic immortality through a positive legacy. Study 2 (N = 311) successfully replicated this structure in an independent UK sample. Study 3 tested genetic and environmental influences on generativity. All three factors showed significant and substantial heritable influence. A general factor was required, which was also heritable. In resolving previous uncertainty over the transmission of generativity across generations, shared environmental transmission models fit poorly. Substantial unique environmental effects suggest strong cultural impacts on concern for the species. Generativity researchers may usefully adopt this three-factor scoring system, allowing research on the predictive power of each component of generativity as well as molecular genetic or biological studies.
Twenty Years Monitoring of Soil CO2 Flux and Seismicity at Cava dei Selci Gas Discharge (Colli Albani Volcano, Italy)
Authors: Tarchini Luca , Carapezza Maria Luisa , Granieri Domenico , Frepoli Alberto , Pagliuca Nicola Mauro , Ranaldi Massimo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCava dei Selci (CdS) is the main degassing site of the Colli Albani quiescent volcano and since 20 years it is the site of geochemical volcano monitoring. Emitted gas consists mostly of CO2 (≥98 vol.%) with minor H2S, and helium isotopes suggest it has a significant magmatic component. The diffuse soil CO2 flux was monitored in the period 2000–2020, with 55 surveys on a target area. The total CO2 output fluctuates from 5.6 to 24.8 t d−1. The soil CO2 flux per unit surface (average 2.323 kg m−2 d−1) is the highest of 15 Italian actively degassing volcanic and geothermal areas. Soil CO2 flux and environmental parameter data collected over 4‐year of continuous monitoring (2004–2008) were analyzed by stochastic Gradient Boosting Trees regression (sGBT), Multiple Linear Regression, and Principal Component Regression. Only sGBT predicts the entire data set and effectively identifies the relationship between soil CO2 flux and environmental parameters. Residuals indicate two anomalous degassing periods (March‐2005, summer‐2007). Colli Albani area is affected by moderate seismicity (Md ≤ 4). 575 earthquakes occurring from 2009 to 2021 were analyzed determining their location, hypocenter depth, and focal mechanism (of 43 selected events). Evaluation of seismic events occurred across geochemical surveys within 30 km from CdS shows that there is a relationship between CO2 flux, earthquake focal mechanism and depth: shallow strike‐slip hypocenters are associated to low fluxes, deep normal‐faulting hypocenters to high CO2 output.
Emission of CO2 and CH4 From 13 Deadwood Tree Species Is Linked to Tree Species Identity and Management Intensity in Forest and Grassland Habitats
Authors: Kipping Lydia , Gossner Martin M. , Koschorreck Matthias , Muszynski Sarah , Maurer Florian , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Jehmlich Nico , Noll Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeadwood is an important component of the global carbon cycle, and its decomposition releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. However, the main drivers of these greenhouse gas emissions from deadwood are not well understood. We investigated drivers that govern the CO2 and CH4 emission rates of 793 deadwood specimens from 13 different tree species, which were exposed on 27 forest and 38 grassland plots at Schorfheide‐Chorin (Germany) for one year. Tree species identity was an important driver for emissions of both gases, whereas habitat type and management intensity were only important for CO2 emission rate. CO2 emission rates were positively linked to mass loss and were one‐third higher in forest compared to grassland habitats. The wood traits organic extractives, lignin, and sulfur content were negatively associated with CO2 emission rates, whereas carbon, nitrogen, and magnesium content showed the opposite effect. Among climate variables, air humidity in forest and soil moisture in grassland habitats positively affected CO2 emission rates. CH4 emission rates showed a negative relationship with increasing wood density exposed in both habitat types but were positively related to tree species with higher sulfur contents. Taken together, CO2 emission rates from deadwood were well predicted by wood traits, management intensity and climatic variables, whereas CH4 emission rates were less well predictable and were influenced only by wood traits that differed from those of CO2 emissions. Our results provide a deeper insight into the mineralization processes of deadwood and should be considered in further carbon cycle assessments.
Linking Plankton Size Spectra and Community Composition to Carbon Export and Its Efficiency
Authors: Serra‐Pompei Camila , Ward Ben A. , Pinti Jérôme , Visser André W. , Kiørboe Thomas , Andersen Ken H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe magnitude and efficiency of particulate carbon export from the ocean surface depends not only on net primary production (NPP) but also on how carbon is consumed, respired, and repackaged by organisms. We contend that several of these processes can be captured by the size spectrum of the plankton community. However, most global models have relatively simple food‐web structures that are unable to generate plankton size spectra. Moreover, the life‐cycles of multicellular zooplankton are typically not resolved, restricting the ability of models to represent time‐lags that are known to impact carbon export and its efficiency (pe‐ratio). Here, we use a global mechanistic size‐spectrum model of the marine plankton community to investigate how particulate export and pe‐ratio relate to the community size spectrum, community composition, and time‐lags between predators and prey. The model generates emergent food‐webs with associated size distributions for organisms and detrital particles. To resolve time‐lags between phytoplankton and zooplankton, we implement the life‐cycle of multicellular zooplankton (here represented by copepods). We find that carbon export correlates best with copepod biomass and trophic level, whereas the pe‐ratio correlates best with the exponent of the size spectrum and sea surface temperature (SST). Community metrics performed better than NPP or SST for both deep export and pe‐ratio. Time‐lags between phytoplankton and copepods did not strongly affect export or pe‐ratio. We conclude by discussing how can we reconcile size spectrum theory with field sampling.
Elevated Formation of Particulate Nitrate From N2O5 Hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta Region From 2011 to 2019
Authors: Zhou Min , Nie Wei , Qiao Liping , Huang Dan Dan , Zhu Shuhui , Lou Shengrong , Wang Hongli , Wang Qian , Tao Shikang , Sun Peng , Liu Yawen , Xu Zheng , An Jingyu , Yan Rusha , Su Hang , Huang Cheng , Ding Aijun , Chen Changhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAerosol nitrate has become the most abundant compound during aerosol pollution in eastern China. The Chinese government implemented a stringent policy during 2013–2017 to tackle aerosol pollution. However, the response of nitrate to nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction is unclear owing to the limitation of long‐term measurement. Here, we performed a 9‐year continuous measurement of aerosol compositions in Shanghai and confirmed a decrease in most species except nitrate. The contribution of nitrate to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increased significantly, reaching up to 35% in pollution episodes after 2017. This is in contrast to the evident reduction in NOx emissions. We found that the elevated dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) hydrolysis is responsible for the observed nitrate trend. Increased ozone and decreased nitrogen dioxide (NO) facilitated the formation of N2O5, and increased nitrate proportion promoted the uptake of N2O5 and eventually enhanced the conversion efficiency of NO2 to nitrate. Our results highlight the importance of synergic control of aerosol and ozone pollution.
Strain Signals Governed by Frictional‐Elastoplastic Interaction of the Upper Plate and Shallow Subduction Megathrust Interface Over Seismic Cycles
Authors: Kosari Ehsan , Rosenau Matthias , Oncken Onno 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe behavior of the shallow portion of the subduction zone, which generates the largest earthquakes and devastating tsunamis, is still insufficiently constrained. Monitoring only a fraction of a single megathrust earthquake cycle and the offshore location of the source of these earthquakes are the foremost reasons for the insufficient understanding. The frictional‐elastoplastic interaction between the megathrust interface and its overlying wedge causes variable surface strain signals such that the wedge strain patterns may reveal the mechanical state of the interface. To contribute to this understanding, we employ Seismotectonic Scale Modeling and simplify elastoplastic megathrust subduction to generate hundreds of analog seismic cycles at a laboratory scale and monitor the surface strain signals over the model's forearc across high to low temporal resolutions. We establish two compressional and critical wedge configurations to explore the mechanical and kinematic interaction between the shallow wedge and the interface. Our results demonstrate that this interaction can partition the wedge into different segments such that the anelastic extensional segment overlays the seismogenic zone at depth. Moreover, the different segments of the wedge may switch their state from compression/extension to extension/compression domains. We highlight that a more segmented upper plate represents megathrust subduction that generates more characteristic and periodic events. Additionally, the strain time series reveals that the strain state may remain quasi‐stable over a few seismic cycles in the coastal zone and then switch to the opposite mode. These observations are crucial for evaluating earthquake‐related morphotectonic markers and short‐term interseismic time series of the coastal regions.
Sex-specific mediating effect of gestational weight gain between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Wang Jingyu , Xu Fang , Yang Juhong , Qin Yongzhang , Leng Junhong , Li Nan , Guo Jia , Li Xiaochen , Gao Zhong’ai , Shen Xiaofang , Gao Hui , Chang Baocheng , Zhu Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate weight gain may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain, and GDM has not been precisely quantified. This study aimed to explore whether gestational weight gain played a mediating role between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM and whether the mediating effect was sex specific.

Methods
This study established a population-based observational cohort to assess weight gain in pregnant women. Mediation analyses were performed to quantify whether weight gain mediated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM.

Results
A total of 67,777 pregnant women were included in the final analysis, among whom 6751 (10.0%) were diagnosed with GDM. We verified that both pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain were associated with GDM, and that BMI negatively contributed to weight gain. We also found that weight gain had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM (Za × Zb confidence intervals [CIs] 0.00234–0.00618). Furthermore, the effect was sex-specific, in that it was only significant in overweight women carrying female fetuses (Za × Zb CIs 0.00422–0.01977), but not male fetuses (Za × Zb CIs −0.00085 to 0.01236).

Conclusions
Weight gain during pregnancy had a fetal sex-specific mediating effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM.
SHANK1 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer processes through modulating the ubiquitination of Klotho by interacting with MDM2
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhao Hongye , Li Min , She Quan , Liu Wen , Zhang Jiayi , Zhao Weihong , Huang Shuhong , Wu Jianqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1 (SHANK1) is a scaffold protein, plays an important role in the normal function of neuron system. It has recently been shown to be a potential oncogene. In the present study, we report that the expression of SHANK1 is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is correlated with clinic pathological characteristics of NSCLC. Moreover, SHANK1 overexpression enhances the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mouse cell-derived xenograft model also confirmed the effects of SHANK1 on tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that SHANK1 increases the protein degradation of Klotho (KL), an important tumor suppressor, through ubiquitination-dependent pathway. In particular, we report discovery of KL as a SHANK1-interacting protein that acts as a new substate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. SHANK1 can form a complex with KL and MDM2 and enhance the interaction between KL and MDM2. Our findings reveal an important oncogenic role and mechanism of SHANK1, suggesting SHANK1 can be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Machine learning-coupled combinatorial mutagenesis enables resource-efficient engineering of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editor activities
Authors: Thean Dawn G. L. , Chu Hoi Yee , Fong John H. C. , Chan Becky K. C. , Zhou Peng , Kwok Cynthia C. S. , Chan Yee Man , Mak Silvia Y. L. , Choi Gigi C. G. , Ho Joshua W. K. , Zheng Zongli , Wong Alan S. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe genome-editing Cas9 protein uses multiple amino-acid residues to bind the target DNA. Considering only the residues in proximity to the target DNA as potential sites to optimise Cas9’s activity, the number of combinatorial variants to screen through is too massive for a wet-lab experiment. Here we generate and cross-validate ten in silico and experimental datasets of multi-domain combinatorial mutagenesis libraries for Cas9 engineering, and demonstrate that a machine learning-coupled engineering approach reduces the experimental screening burden by as high as 95% while enriching top-performing variants by ∼7.5-fold in comparison to the null model. Using this approach and followed by structure-guided engineering, we identify the N888R/A889Q variant conferring increased editing activity on the protospacer adjacent motif-relaxed KKH variant of Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (KKH-SaCas9) and its derived base editor in human cells. Our work validates a readily applicable workflow to enable resource-efficient high-throughput engineering of genome editor’s activity.
Structure of ATP synthase under strain during catalysis
Authors: Guo Hui , Rubinstein John L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractATP synthases are macromolecular machines consisting of an ATP-hydrolysis-driven F1 motor and a proton-translocation-driven FO motor. The F1 and FO motors oppose each other’s action on a shared rotor subcomplex and are held stationary relative to each other by a peripheral stalk. Structures of resting mitochondrial ATP synthases revealed a left-handed curvature of the peripheral stalk even though rotation of the rotor, driven by either ATP hydrolysis in F1 or proton translocation through FO, would apply a right-handed bending force to the stalk. We used cryoEM to image yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase under strain during ATP-hydrolysis-driven rotary catalysis, revealing a large deformation of the peripheral stalk. The structures show how the peripheral stalk opposes the bending force and suggests that during ATP synthesis proton translocation causes accumulation of strain in the stalk, which relaxes by driving the relative rotation of the rotor through six sub-steps within F1, leading to catalysis.
Weight-bearing activity impairs nuclear membrane and genome integrity via YAP activation in plantar melanoma
Authors: Seo Jimyung , Kim HyunSeok , Min Kyoung Il , Kim Changgon , Kwon Yongsoo , Zheng Zhenlong , Kim Yusung , Park Hyung-Soon , Ju Young Seok , Roh Mi Ryung , Chung Kee Yang , Kim Joon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcral melanoma commonly occurs in areas that are not exposed to much sunlight, such as the sole of the foot. Little is known about risk factors and mutational processes of plantar acral melanoma. Nuclear envelope rupture during interphase contributes to genome instability in cancer. Here, we show that the nuclear and micronuclear membranes of melanoma cells are frequently ruptured by macroscopic mechanical stress on the plantar surface due to weight-bearing activities. The marginal region of plantar melanoma nodules exhibits increased nuclear morphological abnormalities and collagen accumulations, and is more susceptible to mechanical stress than the tumor center. An increase in DNA damage coincides with nuclear membrane rupture in the tumor margin. Nuclear envelope integrity is compromised by the mechanosensitive transcriptional cofactor YAP activated in the tumor margin. Our results suggest a mutagenesis mechanism in melanoma and explain why plantar acral melanoma is frequent at higher mechanical stress points.
Constraints on magic state protocols from the statistical mechanics of Wigner negativity
Authors: Koukoulekidis Nikolaos , Jennings David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagic states are key ingredients in schemes to realize universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Theories of magic states attempt to quantify this computational element via monotones and determine how these states may be efficiently transformed into useful forms. Here, we develop a statistical mechanical framework based on majorization to describe Wigner negative magic states for qudits of odd prime dimension processed under Clifford circuits. We show that majorization allows us to both quantify disorder in the Wigner representation and derive upper bounds for magic distillation. These bounds are shown to be tighter than other bounds, such as from mana and thauma, and can be used to incorporate hardware physics, such as temperature dependence and system Hamiltonians. We also show that a subset of single-shot Rényi entropies remain well-defined on quasi-distributions, are fully meaningful in terms of data processing and can acquire negative values that signal magic. We find that the mana of a magic state is the measure of divergence of these Rényi entropies as one approaches the Shannon entropy for Wigner distributions, and discuss how distillation lower bounds could be obtained in this setting. This use of majorization for quasi-distributions could find application in other studies of non-classicality, and raises nontrivial questions in the context of classical statistical mechanics.