bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Resistance Measurements in Carbon-Carbon Composites
Authors: Ochoa O. O. , Parker P. A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In-situ electrical resistance measurements of carbon-carbon laminates were obtained in an oxidizing environment at 900 C. Scanning electron and optical microscopy were utilized to interpret the physical damage incurred from oxidation and its impact on the mechanical and electrical properties of the carbon-carbon substrate. The interpretation of the relationships between the percent mass loss, shear modulus, and electrical resistance provided an excellent venue to design future tests. Rescor 780 alumina oxide castable ceramic test fixture used for the electrical resistance measurement was designed and fabricated in our lab.
Microscopy observations of specimens exposed for forty minutes revealed preferential fiber loss in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Rheometry tests revealed that the in-plane shear modulus degraded with increasing oxidation time and mass loss. On the other hand the electrical resistance increased with increasing oxidation time and mass loss. The electrical resistance change is controlled primarily by the bulk electrical resistivity, which is a matrix controlled characteristic. As oxidation time increased, the electrical properties of the specimen approached those of the matrix.
The carbon-carbon specimens used had four constituents; Silicon carbide (SiC) coating at the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate composed of T-300 carbon fibers, carbon matrix, and the oxidation inhibitor boron carbide (B4C) which chemically react with oxygen and become boric oxide (B2O3). Each of these four components contributes to the oxidation characterization of the specimen and can be represented by a simple, parallel electrical resistance model. Consequently, for a given value of either the shear modulus, electrical resistance, or mass loss the other two values can be easily obtained. The results show that the analytical simulation is on average within 4.7% of the averaged experimental value. Correlation between the shear modulus and the electrical resistance is illustrated in Figure 1.
Inelastic Response of Porous, Hybrid Fiber Composites
Authors: Roerden Alysha M. , Herakovich Carl T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A methodology is presented for a micromechanics model of the inelastic response of porous, hybrid fiber composites. The composite, designated A-PA/IC50, consists of porous hybrid fibers (Nextel 610 alumina filaments in a porous alumina binder) in a nickel alloy matrix (IC50 nickel aluminide). Using Aboudi’s Generalized Method of Cells (GMC), the elastic and inelastic response of the composite is modeled in a three step process. The first step uses the 3-D version of GMC to predict the elastic properties of the porous alumina binder as a function of the percent porosity. These properties of the porous binder are then used in a 2-D analysis of the hybrid with the filaments taken to be linear elastic. Properties of the hybrid fiber are thus available as a function of the present porosity as well as the percent of filaments in the hybrid fiber. Finally, the elastic properties and inelastic response of the composite are predicted using 2-D GMC with the hybrid fiber taken to be elastic and the nickel matrix inelastic. The inelastic matrix is modeled using the Bodner-Portom unified visco-plasticity theory. Input properties of the constituents were determined from laboratory measurements. Representative predictions showing the influence of percent porosity (of the alumina binder in the hybrid fiber) and percent hybrid fiber in the composite on the axial and transverse responses of the composite are shown in the figures below.
Clearly, both the porosity and the percent hybrid fiber have an influence on the elastic modulus, the proportional limit, and inelastic response. Details of the methodology and additional results for axial, transverse and shear properties will be presented in the full paper.
Static and High Strain Rate Compression Testing of Thick Section S-2 Glass/Vinyl Ester Composites for Integral Armor Application
Authors: Hosur M. V. , Vaidya U. K. , Jadhav N. , Jeelani S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Integral armor concepts are of primary interest to armored vehicles requiring ballistic protection. A composite integral armor provides multi-interface, multi-functional capability, easy reparability, quick deployment, enhanced ballistic performance and lightweight advantages. The typical design of integral armor is seen to utilize a combination of thick section S2-glass vinyl ester structural composite, alumina, ceramic tiles, resilient rubber, fire retardant, phenolic layer and several signature/functional layers. Thick composite laminate serves as the primary load-bearing component of the integral armor used in the upper hull of a Composite Armored Vehicle (CAV). Current solution of the structural laminate (typically 0.8” thick) comprises an S2-glass/epoxy automated fiber placed laminate. Currently used processing techniques such as automated fiber placement prove to be costly and time consuming.
In the current study, several alternative cost-effective processing solutions are employed. They include Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARI) and their variations. Both VARTM and VARI use low viscosity resins, however, the consolidation conditions that the laminate undergoes are significantly different Composite laminates are made using 45 layer of 2 × 2 twill weave S2-glass with 933 sizing /vinyl ester C-50 resin. Effectiveness of the different fabrication methods is compared in terms of the compression behavior of the laminates. Both static as well as high strain rate test using Split Hopkinson’s bar technique are studied.
Effectiveness of the Type of Feedback on Learning to Pass in Volleyball
Authors: López-Ferrer Adrià , Marco-Ahulló Adrià , Monfort-Torres Gonzalo , Ramón-Llin Jesús , de Moraes Filho, Joao Alves , García-Massó Xavier 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine which type of feedback (visual, verbal, or both combined) facilitates to a greater extent the learning of a specific skill (passing in volleyball). Methods: Three groups of students between 14 and 15 years of age belonging to the third year of Compulsory Secondary Education in a Spanish public high school (n = 58) were randomly assigned a type of feedback implemented in the part of the syllabus dedicated to volleyball. The students’ knowledge, motor performance, accuracy, and self-perception about the action were evaluated before and after the intervention and enjoyment afterwards. Results: All the groups obtained improvements in all the variables studied (p < .05); the verbal and visual feedback group was the one that obtained greater improvements, showing also a greater enjoyment than the visual feedback group. Conclusions: It has been found that the use of the combination of verbal and visual feedback is most recommended for learning a specific skill, such as passing in volleyball.
Lung volume distribution in preterm infants on non-invasive high-frequency ventilation
Authors: Gaertner Vincent D , Waldmann Andreas D , Davis Peter G , Bassler Dirk , Springer Laila , Thomson Jessica , Tingay David Gerald , Rüegger Christoph Martin 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionNon-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is an extension of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) support in neonates. We aimed to compare global and regional distribution of lung volumes during nHFOV versus nCPAP.MethodsIn 30 preterm infants enrolled in a randomised crossover trial comparing nHFOV with nCPAP, electrical impedance tomography data were recorded in prone position. For each mode of respiratory support, four episodes of artefact-free tidal ventilation, each comprising 30 consecutive breaths, were extracted. Tidal volumes (VT) in 36 horizontal slices, indicators of ventilation homogeneity and end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) for the whole lung and for four horizontal regions of interest (non-gravity-dependent to gravity-dependent; EELINGD, EELImidNGD, EELImidGD, EELIGD) were compared between nHFOV and nCPAP. Aeration homogeneity ratio (AHR) was determined by dividing aeration in non-gravity-dependent parts of the lung through gravity-dependent regions.Main resultsOverall, 228 recordings were analysed. Relative VTwas greater in all but the six most gravity-dependent lung slices during nCPAP (all p<0.05). Indicators of ventilation homogeneity were similar between nHFOV and nCPAP (all p>0.05). Aeration was increased during nHFOV (mean difference (95% CI)=0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) arbitrary units per kilogram (AU/kg), p=0.013), mainly due to an increase in non-gravity-dependent regions of the lung (∆EELINGD=6.9 (0.0 to 13.8) AU/kg, p=0.028; ∆EELImidNGD=6.8 (1.2 to 12.4) AU/kg, p=0.009). Aeration was more homogeneous during nHFOV compared with nCPAP (mean difference (95% CI) in AHR=0.01 (0.00 to 0.02), p=0.0014).ConclusionAlthough regional ventilation was similar between nHFOV and nCPAP, end-expiratory lung volume was higher and aeration homogeneity was slightly improved during nHFOV. The aeration difference was greatest in non-gravity dependent regions, possibly due to the oscillatory pressure waveform. The clinical importance of these findings is still unclear.
Recovery from resistance exercise in older adults: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hayes Eleanor Jayne , Stevenson Emma , Sayer Avan Aihie , Granic Antoneta , Hurst Christopher 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionResistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is recommended as a front-line treatment for many health conditions, including sarcopenia and frailty. However, despite considerable research detailing the potential benefits of resistance exercise programmes, little is known about how older adults recover from individual exercise sessions. This scoping review will examine the current evidence surrounding the acute post-exercise effects of resistance exercise and the exercise recovery process in older adults to inform future research and exercise prescription guidelines for older adults.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be applied for this scoping review. A systematic search of five online databases and the hand-searching of reference lists of identified articles will be used to identify relevant papers. Studies that aim to measure exercise-induced muscle damage or exercise recovery following a resistance exercise session in participants aged 65 years and over will be included. Qualitative and quantitative data from relevant studies will be presented in a tabular format. Results will be summarised in narrative format. Key findings will be discussed concerning resistance exercise prescription in older adults.DisseminationThis review will be used to direct further research surrounding the exercise recovery process from resistance exercise in older adults and will also aid in designing specific exercise prescription guidelines for an older population. Findings will be relevant to researchers, clinicians, health workers and policy-makers and disseminated through publications and presentations.
Case studies on psychosocial factors that help make exercise programmes for prostate cancer patients self-sustaining
Authors: Fox Isaac Nikolai , Wassersug Richard 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesPatients with prostate cancer (PCa) benefit from regular exercise, but it is difficult for patients to maintain an exercise regime. We examined two exercise programmes that have proven to be self-sustaining with the goal of identifying features they share that may contribute to their success.MethodsWe compared the FC Prostata football (soccer) league in Denmark and the ‘Butts in a Boat’ (BIAB) dragon-boating team in Canada. The FC Prostata Project Coordinator and the BIAB team leaders provided information on their programmes’ history and structure.ResultsBoth programmes are team-based with regularly scheduled intense exercise at their core. In both cases, social activities evolved spontaneously, starting with the men going out for food and/or drinks after practices. The sustainability of these programmes may be driven by the regular socialisation linked to the fitness activities.ConclusionsOur case studies suggest that exercise programmes for PCa patients may have a good chance of being self-sustaining, if they are: (1) centred around intense exercise, (2) of a team nature, (3) structured to promote egalitarianism and avoid one-on-one competition within teams, yet (4) have some competitions between teams. The data suggest that informal social activities organised by patients after team practices may be important for building fellowship and strengthening patients’ commitment to exercise both for themselves and for their team members.
Impact of a rapid access chest pain clinic in Singapore to improve evaluation of new-onset chest pain
Authors: Toh Lay Cheng , Khoo Christina , Goh Cheng Huang , Choa Gary , Quek Lit Sin , Phang Jonathan , Wong Franco , Tsou Keith , Kwan Yew Seng , Kojodjojo Pipin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Chest pain (CP) accounts for 5% of emergency department (ED) visits, unplanned hospitalisations and costly admissions. Conversely, outpatient evaluation requires multiple hospital visits and longer time to complete testing. Rapid access chest pain clinics (RACPCS) are established in the UK for timely, cost-effective CP assessment. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, clinical and economic benefits of a nurse-led RACPC in a multiethnic Asian country.

Methods
Consecutive CP patients referred from a polyclinic to the local general hospital were recruited. Referring physicians were left to their discretion to refer patients to the ED, RACPC (launched in April 2019) or outpatients. Patient demographics, diagnostic journey, clinical outcomes, costs, HEART (History, ECG, Age, Risk Factors, Troponin) scores and 1-year overall mortality were recorded.

Results
577 CP patients (median HEAR score of 2.0) were referred; 237 before the launch of RACPC. Post RACPC, fewer patients were referred to the ED (46.5% vs 73.9%, p &lt; 0.01), decreased adjusted bed days for CP, more non-invasive tests (46.8 vs 39.2 per 100 referrals, p = 0.07) and fewer invasive coronary angiograms (5.6 vs 12.2 per 100 referrals, p &lt; 0.01) were performed. Time from referral to diagnosis was shortened by 90%, while requiring 66% less visits (p &lt; 0.01). System cost to evaluate CP was reduced by 20.7% and all RACPC patients were alive at 12 months.

Conclusions
An Asian nurse-led RACPC expedited specialist evaluation of CP with less visits, reduced ED attendances and invasive testing whilst saving costs. Wider implementation across Asia would significantly improve CP evaluation.
Anti-excitotoxicity and neuroprotective action of asiaticoside encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles in pilocarpine rodent seizure model
Authors: Kunjumon Renju , Viswanathan Gayathri , Jayasree Devi Velayudhan , Biju Prabath Gopalakrishnan , Prakash Prabha , Sasidharan Baby Chakrapani Pulikkaparambil , Baby Sabulal 
Published: January 2022

Asiaticoside (ASI), an ursane-type triterpenoid saponin, isolated from the memory enhancing herb Centella asiatica, is known for its neuroprotective activities. Here, the anti-excitotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of ASI encapsulated alginate chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) were evaluated in pilocarpine (PC) induced seizure in mice model. ACNPs were prepared by ionic gelation-polyelectrolyte complex method and their physicochemical characterization was carried out by TEM, SEM, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. Subsequently, their encapsulation efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release, cell viability, seizure score, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA expression of regulatory stress markers were evaluated. Membrane permeability of ACNPs in the brain, histopathology, and biological TEM and SEM analyses were also carried out. TEM of ACNPs showed spherical morphology with a particle size of 200–400 nm. DLS of ACNPs displayed an average size of 486.2 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.567 and zeta potential of –14.1 mV. ACNPs achieved high EE (>90%) and controlled release (10%). Biological evaluation studies revealed ACNPs as non-toxic to mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs). They displayed enhanced brain permeability and attenuated seizure. Our results confirmed ACNPs as effective in crossing the brain membrane barrier and mitigating seizure severity induced by PC.
An Empirical Study of the Effectiveness of an Ensemble of Stand-alone Sentiment Detection Tools for Software Engineering Datasets
Authors: Uddin Gias , Guéhénuc Yann-Gaël , Khomh Foutse , Roy Chanchal K. 
Published: January 2022

Sentiment analysis in
software engineering (SE)
has shown promise to analyze and support diverse development activities. Recently, several tools are proposed to detect sentiments in software artifacts. While the tools improve accuracy over off-the-shelf tools, recent research shows that their performance could still be unsatisfactory. A more accurate sentiment detector for SE can help reduce noise in analysis of software scenarios where sentiment analysis is required. Recently, combinations, i.e., hybrids of stand-alone classifiers are found to offer better performance than the stand-alone classifiers for fault detection. However, we are aware of no such approach for sentiment detection for software artifacts. We report the results of an empirical study that we conducted to determine the feasibility of developing an ensemble engine by combining the polarity labels of stand-alone SE-specific sentiment detectors. Our study has two phases. In the first phase, we pick five SE-specific sentiment detection tools from two recently published papers by Lin et al. [
29
,
30
], who first reported negative results with stand alone sentiment detectors and then proposed an improved SE-specific sentiment detector, POME [
29
]. We report the study results on 17,581 units (sentences/documents) coming from six currently available sentiment benchmarks for software engineering. We find that the existing tools can be complementary to each other in 85-95% of the cases, i.e., one is wrong but another is right. However, a majority voting-based ensemble of those tools fails to improve the accuracy of sentiment detection. We develop Sentisead, a supervised tool by combining the polarity labels and bag of words as features. Sentisead improves the performance (F1-score) of the individual tools by 4% (over Senti4SD [
5
]) – 100% (over POME [
29
]). The initial development of Sentisead occurred before we observed the use of deep learning models for SE-specific sentiment detection. In particular, recent papers show the superiority of advanced language-based
pre-trained transformer models (PTM)
over rule-based and shallow learning models. Consequently, in a second phase, we compare and improve Sentisead infrastructure using the PTMs. We find that a Sentisead infrastructure with RoBERTa as the ensemble of the five stand-alone rule-based and shallow learning SE-specific tools from Lin et al. [
29
,
30
] offers the best F1-score of 0.805 across the six datasets, while a stand-alone RoBERTa shows an F1-score of 0.801.
Atomic Embeddability, Clustered Planarity, and Thickenability
Authors: Fulek Radoslav , Tóth Csaba D. 
Published: January 2022

We study the atomic embeddability testing problem, which is a common generalization of
clustered planarity
(
c-planarity
, for short) and thickenability testing, and present a polynomial-time algorithm for this problem, thereby giving the first polynomial-time algorithm for c-planarity.

C-planarity was introduced in 1995 by Feng, Cohen, and Eades as a variant of graph planarity, in which the vertex set of the input graph is endowed with a hierarchical clustering and we seek an embedding (crossing free drawing) of the graph in the plane that respects the clustering in a certain natural sense. Until now, it has been an open problem whether c-planarity can be tested efficiently. The thickenability problem for simplicial complexes emerged in the topology of manifolds in the 1960s. A 2-dimensional simplicial complex is thickenable if it embeds in some orientable 3-dimensional manifold. Recently, Carmesin announced that thickenability can be tested in polynomial time.
Our algorithm for atomic embeddability combines ideas from Carmesin’s work with algorithmic tools previously developed for weak embeddability testing. We express our results purely in terms of graphs on surfaces, and rely on the machinery of topological graph theory.
Finally, we give a polynomial-time reduction from atomic embeddability to thickenability thereby showing that both problems are polynomially equivalent, and show that a slight generalization of atomic embeddability to the setting in which clusters are toroidal graphs is NP-complete.
The Influence of Psychological Status on Acupuncture for Postprandial Distress Syndrome: A Subgroup Analysis of a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Na-Na , Yang Jing-Wen , Tan Chun-Xia , Li Yue-jie , Wang Yu , Qi Ling-Yu , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: January 2022

Background. Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is accompanied by a high incidence of mood disorder. Acupuncture is an effective method in relieving dyspepsia symptoms; however, the impact of psychological status on acupuncture for PDS remains mysterious. Methods. This secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the influence of anxiety and depression on acupuncture for PDS. 138 patients received the same acupuncture treatment and were followed up until week 16. The 2 primary outcomes were the response rate based on overall treatment effect and the elimination rate of all 3 cardinal symptoms after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. Of 114 patients, 31 were anxiety patients and 83 were nonanxiety patients or 32 were depressive patients and 82 were nondepressive patients. The response rate and elimination rate at week 4 were 77.4% and 9.7% in anxiety patients versus 84.3% and 27.7% in nonanxiety patients, respectively (

P

= 0.388;

P

= 0.041). No significant difference was noted in the response rate (

P

= 0.552) and elimination rate (

P

= 0.254) at week 4 between nondepressive and depressive patients. There was no significant intergroup difference in the response rate and elimination rate between non-mood-disorder and mood disorder patients (

P

> 0.05) during the 12-week post-treatment follow-up, except for the response rate at week 8 (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. The effect of acupuncture on response rate was similar for both non-mood-disorder and mood disorder patients. However, anxiety but not depression had a negative influence on the elimination rate, especially in postprandial fullness.