bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Risky Play among Kindergarten Teachers in Norway and China
Authors: Liu Junjie , Birkeland Åsta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRisky play provides multiple benefits for children’s development. This study compared teachers’ perceptions of risky play in one kindergarten in Norway and one in China, including the concept of risky play, the roles of teachers, the protective strategies adopted, and the factors limiting the practice of risky play. The aim of the article is to identify how teachers perceive risky play in different cultures and broaden our knowledge of what risky play is. The research question is: How do teachers from different cultures perceive different aspects of risky play? The study employs a risk “thermostat” model (Adams, 2001), drawing on teachers’ perceptions of individual propensity to risks, perceived danger, potential rewards, and accidents in children’s risky play. Semi-structured interviews with ten employees revealed that teachers in the two participating kindergartens had different perceptions of risky play. Findings indicated that teachers in the Norwegian kindergarten have theoretical and practical experience of understanding risky play within their cultural background. Guided by the kindergarten philosophy (rules or guidelines that kindergartens should follow, such as letting go of children and encouraging risky play), kindergarten teachers in Anji (a county in China) have learned a little about risky play and are gradually developing their views on it in practice. Teachers in both kindergartens support children’s risky play, although in different ways and with different perceptions. This study contributes information on the differences in risky play across countries with diverse cultures.
Integrin β-like 1 protein (ITGBL1) promotes cell migration by preferentially inhibiting integrin-ECM binding at the trailing edge
Authors: Jang Dong Gil , Kwon Keun Yeong , Song Eun Kyung , Park Tae Joo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Cell migration is a basic cellular behavior involved in multiple phenomena in the human body such as embryonic development, wound healing, immune reactions, and cancer metastasis. For proper cell migration, integrin and the ECM binding complex must be disassembled for the retraction of trailing edges.

Objective
Integrin must be differentially regulated at leading edges or trailing edges during cell migration. Previously, we showed that ITGBL1 was a secreted protein and inhibits integrin activity. Therefore, we examined the function of ITGBL1 on the retraction of trailing edges during cell migration.

Methods
To examined the function of ITGBL1 on cell migration, we knocked-down or overexpressed ITGBL1 by using ITGBL1 siRNA or ITGBL1 plasmid DNA in human chondrocytes or ATDC5 cells. We then characterized cellular migration and directionality by performing wound healing assays. Also, to analyze leading-edge formation and trailing-edge retraction, we labeled cell membranes with membrane-GFP and performed live imaging of migrating cells and. Finally, we specifically detected active forms of integrin, FAK and Vinculin using specific antibodies upon ITGBL1 depletion or overexpression.

Result
In this study, ITGBL1 preferentially inhibited integrin activity at the trailing edges to promote cell migration. ITGBL1-depleted cells showed increased focal adhesions at the membranous traces of trailing edges to prevent the retraction of trailing edges. In contrast, overexpression of ITGBL1 upregulated directional cell migration by promoting focal adhesion disassembly at the trailing edges.

Conclusion
ITGBL1 facilitates directional cell migration by promoting disassembly of the trailing edge focal adhesion complex.
Closed Loop Guidance During Close Range Rendezvous in a Three Body Problem
Authors: Galullo Michele , Bucchioni Giordana , Franzini Giovanni , Innocenti Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper presents a novel application of the State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) guidance approach with state constraints for a chaser spacecraft in the close proximity of a passive target. The dynamics are described by full 6 degree of freedom rigid-body relative motion. The final trajectory is defined by a passively safe approaching cone, which acts as path constraint and follows the attitude motion of target. A Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit in the Earth-Moon system is the selected rendezvous scenario to fully validate the proposed solution, even though the parameters related to the constraints and weighting functions are kept as general as possible, thus applicable to other similar missions.
Effects of different amounts of cellulase on the microstructure and soluble substances of cotton stalk bark
Authors: Xie Zhaoyong , Tian Zhongjian , Liu Shan , Ma Hao , Ji Xing-Xiang , Si Chuanling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are plant cuticle and complex cell walls on the outer surface of cotton stalk bark (CSB), which reduce the efficiency of liquid penetration of CSB. To increase the permeability of liquids, these barriers need to be broken. Cellulase can selectively hydrolyze cellulose into glucose, and its action conditions are mild. Therefore, cellulase treatment is one of the excellent ways to break the CSB liquid permeation barrier. This experiment studied the effects of different amounts of cellulase treatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis products and surface of CSB. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano-CT were used to observe the changes in the microscopic morphology of CSB. Ion chromatography and an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer were used to determine the dissolution of CSB. The results showed that the cuticle of CSB treated with cellulase was broken, and the cell wall of phloem fibers became thinner, which increased the accessibility of liquid. The content of monosaccharide and lignin in CSB treatment solution increased with the increase of cellulase dosage. Correspondingly, the proportion of polysaccharides on the outer surface of CSB continued to decline and eventually stabilized. These experimental results can provide a reference for improving the permeability of natural fibers and the subsequent treatment effects of biomass products.
Graphical abstract
The pretreatment of cotton stalk barks with cellulase destroyed the dense protective structure of cell wall, and the content of monosaccharide and lignin in the treated solution increased with the increase of cellulase dosage.
Multi‐path separation and parameter estimation by single DMA in fading channel
Authors: Lou Yangming , Jin Liang , Sun Xiaoli , Xu Xiaoming , Zhong Zhou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe propagation of electromagnetic waves will produce multi‐path fading of wireless channel, which degrades communication performance substantially. If multi‐path can be separated, better signal transmission and reception strategies can be designed to weaken or eliminate fading and improve signal transmission performance. However, it is challenging for communication nodes with limited number of antennas. A general multi‐path separation and measurement framework based on single dynamic metasurface antenna is established which rapidly changes patterns within a single pilot symbol period so that equivalent multi‐dimensional received signals can be obtained. Based on the framework, a multi‐path channel estimation scheme is proposed. Specifically, the parameter estimation problem is formulated and present the algorithm based on atomic norm minimisation to estimate parameters including angle of arrival and complex gain of each propagation path. Simulation results illustrate that single dynamic metasurface antenna can approach the capability of a conventional multi‐antenna array, and even using single dynamic metasurface antenna with 1‐bit coding can estimate angle of arrivals and complex gains of multi‐path components accurately.
Detailed procedures of retrofilling transformers with FR3 natural ester and residual mineral oil content testing
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Ruifeng , Pan Kexin , Xu Yang , Rapp Kevin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral retrofillings have been performed by different utilities in China. However, there is still insufficient understanding of the retrofilling procedures for minimising residual mineral oil and on the effect of the temperature rise of transformers. Following new detailed procedures, an out‐of‐service S11‐M‐315/10 (10 kV 315 kVA) and a new S13‐M‐400/10 (10 kV 400 kVA) distribution transformers were selected to retrofill their mineral oil with FR3, a soybean‐based natural ester. A method was proposed to predict the residual mineral oil content, which uses the kinematic viscosity at 60°C. This method fills a gap in the testing of residual mineral oil content. The mass ratios of residual mineral oil were 1.24% for the S11‐M‐315/10 transformer and 2.05% for the S13‐M‐400/10 transformer, based on the procedures in this study. The fire point of the mixed oil after retrofilling was 352°C, which meets the K‐class less‐flammable requirements, indicating a proper control of residual mineral oil. After retrofilling, the time of reaching the limits of the 1.5 times rated load was 30% longer than that of the mineral oil transformer. Two retrofilled transformers have been operating in good conditions since November 2019 for the S11‐M‐315/10 transformer and December 2020 for the S13‐M‐400/10 transformer.
Quo vadis: Freier Wille oder Automatisation des Entscheidens?
Authors: Hantl-Merget Judith 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungUnabhängig davon, ob wir das Thema Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) mögen, uns damit beschäftigen wollen oder nicht: KI wird nach und nach Einzug in die Krankenhäuser halten. Inzwischen steht es für niemanden mehr zur Diskussion, ob die Medizin dieses Tool zur Entscheidungsfindung oder in den Operationssälen nutzt. Es ist so. Aber für die Pflege?
Which triatomic monohalosilylenes, monohalogermylenes, and monohalostannylenes (HMX) fluoresce or phosphoresce and why? An ab initio investigation
Authors: Tarroni Riccardo , Clouthier Dennis J. 
Published: January 2022

The possibilities of emission from the Ã1A″ and ã3A″ excited states of the triatomic halosilylenes, halogermylenes, and halostannylenes (HMX, M = Si, Ge, Sn; X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been explored in a series of extensive ab initio calculations. The triplet states are found to have deep bonding wells supporting an extensive manifold of vibrational levels, which could give rise to observable triplet–singlet phosphorescence. The ã–X̃ band systems of the halosilylenes are calculated to occur at the red edge of the visible and are likely to be very weak. In contrast, the HGeX and HSnX triplet–singlet spectra are shifted 1000–2000 cm−1 to the higher energy and are expected to be significantly stronger due to increased spin–orbit coupling, making the spectra viable targets for experimental investigations. The Ã–X̃ fluorescence is found to be limited by the possibility of HMX (Ã1A″) → H (2S) + MX (2Π) dissociation in the excited state, leading to the expectation that HGeF is unlikely to be detectable by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. The HSiX and HGeX species with known LIF spectra are found to have deeper Ã state bonding wells and minimal or no calculated barriers to dissociation. It is generally found that the intensity in their LIF spectra tails off due to a diminution of vibrational overlap rather than the abrupt opening of a dissociation channel. Few of the HSnX species are known experimentally. HSnF and DSnF are found to dissociate very low down in the Ã state vibrational manifold and are predicted to be unobservable by LIF spectroscopy. The LIF spectrum of HSnCl is expected to consist of only one or two bands, with slightly more activity for DSnCl, precisely as has recently been found experimentally. HSnBr and DSnBr have deeper Ã state bonding wells, and their LIF spectra are thus likely to be more extensive. Although HSnI and DSnI are calculated to have deep bonding wells with respect to the H + MX dissociation, predictions are complicated by the existence of a global small bond angle minimum and the opening of a second SnH + I dissociation channel.
BRUCH MEMBRANE RUPTURE AND CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION COMPLICATING EXTENSIVE MACULAR ATROPHY WITH PSEUDODRUSEN-LIKE APPEARANCE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Romano Dario , Colombo Leonardo , Maltese Paolo , Bertelli Matteo , Rossetti Luca M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To describe a case of extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like appearance complicated by Bruch membrane rupture and choroidal neovascularization, treated with intravitreal injection of an antivascular endothelial growth factor drug.

Methods:
A 54-year-old woman, affected by extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like appearance, has developed Bruch membrane rupture and choroidal neovascularization. This report discusses the development of the disease and the improvement after a single intravitreal injection of Avastin.

Results:
After treatment, the visual acuity increased from 20/400 to 20/200; clinical and anatomical improvement remained stable with a 2-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like appearance could be complicated by Bruch membrane rupture and subsequent choroidal neovascularization. Antivascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injection could have beneficial effects on this entity, but concern could raise in respect of possible increase of chorioretinal atrophy.
PSEUDOMONAS ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER 0.59 MG FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE SURGICAL IMPLANT IN A PATIENT WITH A LONG-STANDING CRAWFORD TUBE
Authors: Lallier Scott , Deaner Jordan D. , Feng Henry , Jaffe Glenn J. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis after surgical 0.59 mg fluocinolone acetonide implant in a patient with a long-standing Crawford tube.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case review.

Results:
A 52-year-old woman with a history of bilateral sarcoid-associated panuveitis and nasolacrimal duct obstructions treated with dacryocystorhinostomies and long-standing Crawford tubes underwent placement of a surgical fluocinolone acetonide implant. The Crawford tube was visible throughout the surgery and notably exhibited small amounts of rotation and prolapse with manipulation of the eye. On postoperative Day 4, the patient presented urgently with pain and decreased visual acuity. Endophthalmitis was suspected, and a vitreous tap and intravitreal injections of vancomycin and amikacin were performed. Cultures grew P. aeruginosa. Initially she responded to treatment with no evidence of intraocular infection or inflammation by postoperative Week 3. However, at postoperative Week 4, the patient returned with a yellow purulent subconjunctival nodule and surrounding scleral injection. A second nodule appeared 2 weeks later. The patient was treated with topical and systemic antibiotics. The nodules responded well to treatment showing notable consolidation and revealing an area of scleral thinning as they regressed.

Conclusion:
We present a case of P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis and presumed scleritis after the surgical fluocinolone acetonide implant placement in an eye with a Crawford nasolacrimal tube effectively treated with topical, intravitreal, and systemic antibiotics. Long-standing nasolacrimal duct hardware may allow reflux of nasopharyngeal and nasolacrimal bacteria, contaminating the ocular surface during surgery.
Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Delta variant epidemic in Japan: Vaccine Effectiveness Real-time Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (VERSUS)
Authors: Maeda Haruka , Saito Nobuo , Igarashi Ataru , Ishida Masayuki , Suami Kazuya , Yagiuchi Ai , Kimura Yuya , Komino Masaru , Arai Hiromi , Morikawa Toru , Motohashi Iori , Miyazawa Rei , Moriyama Tetsu , Kamura Hiroshi , Terada Mayumi , Kuwamitsu Osamu , Hayakawa Tomoichiro , Sando Eiichiro , Ohara Yasuji , Teshigawara Osamu , Suzuki Motoi , Morimoto Konosuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high vaccine effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines was reported in studies in several countries, data is limited from Asian countries, especially against the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter test-negative case-control study in patients aged ≥16 visiting hospitals or clinics with signs or symptoms consistent with COVID-19 from July 1 to September 30, 2021, when the Delta variant was dominant (≥90% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] infections) nationwide in Japan. Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections was evaluated. Waning immunity among patients aged 16 to 64 was also assessed.ResultsWe enrolled 1936 patients, including 396 test-positive cases and 1540 test-negative controls for SARS-CoV-2. The median age was 49 years, 53.4% were male, and 34.0% had underlying medical conditions. Full vaccination (receiving two doses ≥14 days before symptom onset) was received by 6.6% of cases and 38.8% of controls. Vaccine effectiveness of full vaccination against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections was 88.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.8–93.9) among patients aged 16 to 64 and 90.3% (95% CI, 73.6–96.4) among patients aged ≥65. Among patients aged 16 to 64, vaccine effectiveness within one to three months after full vaccination was 91.8% (95% CI, 80.3–96.6), and was 86.4% (95% CI, 56.9–95.7) within four to six months.ConclusionsmRNA COVID-19 vaccines had high effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in Japan during July 1 to September 30, 2021, when the Delta variant was dominant nationwide.
Trends in underlying causes of death in solid organ transplant recipients between 2010 and 2020: Using the CLASS method for determining specific causes of death
Authors: Søborg Andreas , Reekie Joanne , Rasmussen Allan , Cunha-Bang Caspar Da , Gustafsson Finn , Rossing Kasper , Perch Michael , Krohn Paul S. , Sørensen Søren S. , Lund Thomas K. , Sørensen Vibeke R. , Ekenberg Christina , Lundgren Louise , Lodding Isabelle P. , Moestrup Kasper S. , Lundgren Jens D. , Wareham Neval E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonitoring specific underlying causes of death in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is important in order to identify emerging trends and health challenges.This retrospective cohort study includes all SOT recipients transplanted at Rigshospitalet between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019. The underlying cause of death was determined using the newly developed Classification of Death Causes after Transplantation (CLASS) method. Cox regression analyses assessed risk factors for all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Of the 1774 SOT recipients included, 299 patients died during a total of 7511 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) with cancer (N=57, 19%), graft rejection (N=55, 18%) and infections (N=52, 17%) being the most frequent causes of death.We observed a lower risk of all-cause death with increasing transplant year (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96 per 1-year increase), alongside death from graft rejection (HR 0.84 per year, 95% CI 0.74-0.95) and death from infections (HR 0.87 per year, 95% CI 0.77-0.98).Further, there was a trend towards lower cumulative incidence of death from cardiovascular disease, graft failure and cancer in more recent years, while death from other organ specific and non-organ specific causes did not decrease.All-cause mortality among SOT recipients has decreased over the past decade, mainly due to a decrease in graft rejection- and infection-related deaths. Conversely, causes from a broad range of diseases have remained unchanged, suggesting that cause of death among SOT recipients is increasingly diverse and warrants a multidisciplinary effort and attention in the future.
Omicron (BA.1) SARS-CoV-2 variant is associated with reduced risk of hospitalization and length of stay compared with Delta (B.1.617.2)
Authors: Peralta-Santos André , Rodrigues Eduardo Freire , Moreno Joana , Ricoca Vasco , Casaca Pedro , Fernandes Eugenia , Gomes João Paulo , Ferreira Rita , Isidro Joana , Pinto Miguel , Borges Vítor , Vieira Luís , Duarte Sílvia , Sousa Carlos , Almeida José Pedro , Menezes Luís , Ferreira Bibiana I. , Matias Ana , Pelerito Ana , Freire Samanta , Grilo Teresa , Borges Cláudia Medeiros , Moutinho Vera , Leite Andreia , Kislaya Irina , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Leite Pedro Pinto , Nunes Baltazar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarly reports showed that Omicron (BA.1) SARS-CoV-2 could be less severe. However, the magnitude of risk reduction of hospitalization and mortality of Omicron (BA.1) infections compared with Delta (B.1.617.2) is not yet clear. This study compares the risk of severe disease among patients infected with the Omicron (BA.1) variant with patients infected with Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in Portugal.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study in individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1stand 29thDecember 2021. Cases were individuals with a positive PCR test notified to the national surveillance system. SARS-CoV-2 variants were classified first by whole genomic sequencing (WGS) and, if this information was unavailable, by detecting the S gene target failure. We considered a hospitalization for all the patients admitted within the 14 days after the SARS-CoV-2 infection; after that period, they were censored.The comparison of the risk of hospitalization between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) VOC was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The mean length of stay was compared using linear regression, and the risk of death between Omicron and Delta patients was estimated with a penalized logistic regression. All models were adjusted for sex, age, previous infection, and vaccination status.ResultsWe included 15 978 participants aged 16 or more years old, 9 397 infected by Delta (B.1.617.2) and 6 581 infected with Omicron (BA.1). Within the Delta (B.1.617.2) group, 148 (1.6%) were hospitalized, and 16 (0.2%) were with the Omicron (BA.1). A total of 26 deaths were reported, all in participants with Delta (B.1.617.2) infection. Adjusted HR for hospitalization for the Omicron (BA.1) variant compared with Delta (B.1.617.2) was 0.25 (95%CI 0.15 to 0.43). The length of stay in hospital for Omicron (BA.1) patients was significantly shorter than for Delta (confounding-adjusted difference -4.0 days (95%CI -7.2 to -0.8). The odds of death were 0.14 (95% CI 0.0011 to 1.12), representing a reduction in the risk of death of 86% when infected with Omicron (BA.1) compared with Delta (B.1.617.2).ConclusionOmicron (BA.1) was associated with a 75% risk reduction of hospitalization compared with Delta (B.1.617.2) and reduced length of hospital stay.
Annotation of the non-canonical translatome reveals that CHO cell microproteins are a new class of mAb drug product impurity
Authors: Castro-Rivadeneyra Marina , Tzani Ioanna , Kelly Paul , Strasser Lisa , Guapo Felipe , Tierney Ciara , Chain Michelle , Zhang Lin , Clynes Martin , Karger Barry L. , Barron Niall , Bones Jonathan , Clarke Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used to produce almost 90% of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The annotation of non-canonical translation events in these cellular factories remains incomplete, limiting not only our ability to study CHO cell biology but also detect host cell protein (HCP) contaminants in the final mAb drug product. We utilised ribosome footprint profiling (Ribo-seq) to identify novel open reading frames (ORFs) including N-terminal extensions and thousands of short ORFs (sORFs) predicted to encode microproteins. Mass spectrometry-based HCP analysis of four commercial mAb drug products using the extended protein sequence database revealed the presence of microprotein impurities for the first time. We also show that microprotein abundance varies with growth phase and can be affected by the cell culture environment. In addition, our work provides a vital resource to facilitate future studies of non-canonical translation as well as the regulation of protein synthesis in CHO cell lines.