bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic diffusion bonding with oxide underlayers using Al and amorphous Si films for high optical density applications
Authors: Yonezawa Gen , Uomoto Miyuki , Shimatsu Takehito 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Atomic diffusion bonding with oxide underlayers using Al and a-Si films was examined to create a bonded interface with Al2O3 and Si-oxides having large band gaps for high optical density applications. Surface free energy of the bonded interface greater than 2 J m−2 and 100% light transmittance were achieved after annealing at 300 °C in the range of film thicknesses δ on both sides from 0.3 to 0.5 nm using Al films and with δ of around 0.5 nm using a-Si films. Structural analyses revealed that the bonded interface consists of Al2O3 and Si-oxides with oxygen dissociated from oxide underlayers.
RANCANGAN APLIKASI PENJUALAN HEWAN TERNAK UNTUK QURBAN DAN AQIQAH BERBASIS WEB PADA RAISHA FARM GUNA MEMPERLUAS AREA PENJUALAN
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Prayoga Indiarto , Putro Bayu Hasmoro , Wahyuni Resita Sri 
Published: February 2022

Raisha Farm ialah usaha perorangan yang memperjual belikan hewan untuk keperluan Qurban maupun Aqiqah, hewan yang dijual yaitu kambing, domba dan sapi, penjualan hewan untuk kebutuhan qurban akan meningkat pada saat hari raya idul adha yaitu perayaan agama islam. Saat ini perkembangan teknologi setiap harinya mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, dalam memasuki era perdangangan bebas, setiap bidang usaha akan saling bersaing dengan ketat agar tidak tersaingi oleh pesaingnya. Untuk itu Raisa Farm perlu melalukan inovasi agar usahanya dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat luas, untuk itu perlu dibuatkan sebuah aplikasi berbasis web agar masalah terssebut terselesaikan dengan tujuan memperluas area penjualan hewan ternak untuk keperluan qurban maupun aqiqah. Metode yang digunakan penulis untuk mengembangan penelitian ini adalah prototype, tahapan yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, perancangan sistem dan evaluasi. Untuk memodelkan sistem penulis menggunakan UML, sedangkan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi peneliti menggunakan PHP dan Mysql. Untuk menguji sistem peneliti menggunakan Black-Box Testing untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan program, pada akhir penelitian ini dibangun sistem yang memudahkan pelanggan untuk memesan baik online maupun secara langsung. Sehingga diharapkan dengan adanya sistem yang telah dibangun raisha farm dapat memperluas area penjualan tidak hanya disekitaran daerahnya saja tetapi dapat menjangkau masyarakat luas. Dengan meningkatnya are penjualan tentunya akan meningkatkan omset perusahaan.
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF HYDRO-RELATED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AL-RASHEED LOAM
Authors: Masood Tareq K. , Salim Salloom  B. 
Published: February 2022

A field study was conducted on 2 hectare area at Al- Rashid district, south of Baghdad to analyze the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), initial infiltration rate (IR), Porosity (F) and bulk density (BD). Based on measured BD values Rosetta software was used in this study to estimate water retention parameters, water content at θ33 and θ1500 kPa and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 33 kPa(k33), 100 kPa(k100) and 1500 kPa(k1500) according to Van Genuchten-Mualem model. Measured and predicted data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically and, the results showed a strong to moderate spatial dependence for the studied characteristics. The spatial correlation values (r2) were obtained with a spherical model for Ks, θ33, θ1500, k33, k100 and k1500, an exponential model for IR, and a Gaussian model for F and BD. Ks increased significantly with increasing of IR (r2 = 0.49**) and decreased with increasing of F and BD, IR increased with decreasing of BD (r2 = -0.326*) and BD increased with increasing of F (r2 = 0.989 **). In general the spatial distribution was moderately skewed (-0.5 to 0.5) for the studied characteristics with pronounced kurtosis (>2.5). The limit distance for the search radius to estimating spatial dependency varied from 29.9 m for BD to 105 m for IR.
Algoritma Fisher-Yates Pada Game Edukasi Aksara Sunda Cacarakan Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Anang Asep , Irham G Acep 
Published: February 2022

Aksara Sunda Cacarakan merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Indonesia. Pelestarian Aksara Sunda Cacarakan adalah tugas yang harus dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai salah satu cara untuk melindungi keberadaan Aksara Sunda Cacarakan, salah satunya dengan mengetahui jenis Aksara Sunda Cacarakan yang dibagi menjadi 4 bagian, seperti ngalagena, angka, swara dan rarangken. Implementasi dari Teknologi Informasi (TI) merupakan suatu keharusan untuk dilakukan sebagai inovasi untuk mendapatkan berbagai macam informasi. Upaya untuk memperkenalkan Aksara Sunda adalah dengan membuat Game Edukasi berbasis Android, Game edukasi dibangun dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan anak-anak dalam pengenalan aksara Sunda Cacarakan, maka untuk penelitian ini, dibuat sebuah Game edukasi berbasis android dengan menggunakan Algoritma Fisher yates Shuffle. Algoritma Fisher Yates adalah algoritma untuk menghasilkan permutasi acak dari himpunan terbatas, dengan kata lain untuk mengacak suatu himpunan. Algoritma Fisher yates shuffle di terapkan dalam pengacakan soal di dalam Game edukasi, Model sistem untuk mendukung penelitian ini menggunakan versi Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC), yang mengemukakan enam langkah (Initiation, Pre-Production, Production, Testing, Beta, dan Release). Penilaian tanggapan dari responden menggunakan skala Likert. Skala likert memilrata–rata rumus index yang diperoleh dari responden, aspek kegunaan sebesar 80,5%, aspek kualitas interaksi sebesar 87,5% dan aspek kualitas informasi sebesar 82%, termasuk dalam kategori sangat setuju, sehingga game dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dan dipublikasikan.
Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19
Authors: Ferawati  , Mei Fitria Kurniati  
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Virus Corona atau Covid-19 telah menjadi masalah diseluruh dunia. Penyebaran virusini sangat cepat keseluruh dunia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang mengalami permasalahan dalam meutus mata rantai penyebaran virus ini. Pengetahuan tentang Covid-19 belum menyebar luas, sehingga banyak masyarakat salah dalam menerima informasi. Informasi yang salah akan menimbulkan permasalahan baru dan menghambat upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Warga Rt 10 Rw 02 Batokan Kecamatan Kasiman KabupatenBojonegoro. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan Simple random sampling dan teknik analisa data menggunakan uji spearman rho. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua masyarakat / warga RT 10 RW 02 Batokan, Kecamatan Kasiman Kabupaten Bojonegoro sejumlah 70 jiwa dan sampel sejumlah 30 responden. Hasil: analisa dengan uji menggunakan Spearman Rho diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai ρ value = 0.000 < α = 0,05 yang artinya H1 diterima berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan pencegahan. Kesimpulan penilitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 Warga RT 10 RW 02 Kecamatan Kasiman Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 adalah tingkat pengetahuan.
A comparative study of postoperative airway management between traditional nasal packing and modified nasal airway after nasal surgeries
Authors: Muhammad Saleem  , Baber Rafiq Khan  , Sarwat Bibi  , Humaira Ahmad  , Muhammad Hamza Rana  
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: One of the most common challenging complications after nasal surgeries is maintaining airways. The study aimed to use an alternative technique instead of nasal packing in the immediate postoperative period undergoing different nasal surgery under general anesthesia regarding airway management.
METHODOLOGY: An interventional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Trust Hospital, Faisalabad, from March 20, 2018, to January 31, 2019. A total of 100 participants were enrolled in the study divided into two groups (A & B), 50 each. Group A patients were treated postoperatively with a modified nasal airway devised with a Nelton catheter and Group B patients with traditional nasal packing. The participants were assessed on different parameters which were statistically compared and analyzed.
RESULTS: Group Descriptive statistics revealed that the Mean±SD of the age of group A and group B patients was 24.28±9.72 and 26.68±11.09 respectively, which had no significant difference between them {p-value (0.008)}. The postoperative parameters such as patient's comfort and sleep, surgeon satisfaction, ease of suction through Nelton catheter, and oxygen saturation were evaluated as significant variables in the evaluation of the study. p-value ≤0.05 and ≤0.005 were considered as significant and highly significant respectively.
CONCLUSION: This modified nasal airway has proven to be easily replicable and reliable, and a cost-effective measure elucidated as a potential and exclusive outcome of the present study.
The Role of Neutral Hydrogen in Setting the Abundances of Molecular Species in the Milky Way’s Diffuse Interstellar Medium. II. Comparison between Observations and Theoretical Models
Authors: Rybarczyk Daniel R. , Gong Munan , Stanimirović Snežana , Babler Brian , Murray Claire E. , Winters Jan Martin , Luo Gan , Dame T. M. , Steffes Lucille 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We compare observations of H i from the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Arecibo Observatory and observations of HCO+ from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in the diffuse (A

V
≲ 1) interstellar medium (ISM) to predictions from a photodissociation region (PDR) chemical model and multiphase ISM simulations. Using a coarse grid of PDR models, we estimate the density, FUV radiation field, and cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) for each structure identified in HCO+ and H i absorption. These structures fall into two categories. Structures with T

s
< 40 K, mostly with N(HCO+) ≲ 1012 cm−2, are consistent with modest density, FUV radiation field, and CRIR models, typical of the diffuse molecular ISM. Structures with spin temperature T

s
> 40 K, mostly with N(HCO+) ≳ 1012 cm−2, are consistent with high density, FUV radiation field, and CRIR models, characteristic of environments close to massive star formation. The latter are also found in directions with a significant fraction of thermally unstable H i. In at least one case, we rule out the PDR model parameters, suggesting that alternative mechanisms (e.g., nonequilibrium processes like turbulent dissipation and/or shocks) are required to explain the observed HCO+ in this direction. Similarly, while our observations and simulations of the turbulent, multiphase ISM agree that HCO+ formation occurs along sight lines with N(H I) ≳ 1021 cm−2, the simulated data fail to explain HCO+ column densities ≳ few × 1012 cm−2. Because a majority of our sight lines with HCO+ had such high column densities, this likely indicates that nonequilibrium chemistry is important for these lines of sight.
Substructure at High Speed. II. The Local Escape Velocity and Milky Way Mass with Gaia eDR3
Authors: Necib Lina , Lin Tongyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Measuring the escape velocity of the Milky Way is critical in obtaining the mass of the Milky Way, understanding the dark matter velocity distribution, and building the dark matter density profile. In Necib & Lin, we introduced a strategy to robustly measure the escape velocity. Our approach takes into account the presence of kinematic substructures by modeling the tail of the stellar distribution with multiple components, including the stellar halo and the debris flow called the Gaia Sausage (Enceladus). In doing so, we can test the robustness of the escape velocity measurement for different definitions of the “tail” of the velocity distribution and the consistency of the data with different underlying models. In this paper, we apply this method to the Gaia eDR3 data release and find that a model with two components is preferred, although results from a single-component fit are also consistent. Based on a fit to retrograde data with two bound components to account for the relaxed halo and the Gaia Sausage, we find the escape velocity of the Milky Way at the solar position to be

v

esc

=

445

−
8

+
25

km s−1. A fit with a single component to the same data gives

v

esc

=

472

−
12

+
17

km s−1. Assuming a Navarro−Frenck−White dark matter profile, we find a Milky Way concentration of

c

200

=

19

−
7

+
11

and a mass of

M

200

=

4.6

−
0.8

+
1.5

×

10

11

M

⊙

, which is considerably lighter than previous measurements.
Deep Realistic Extragalactic Model (DREaM) Galaxy Catalogs: Predictions for a Roman Ultra-deep Field
Authors: Drakos Nicole E. , Villasenor Bruno , Robertson Brant E. , Hausen Ryan , Dickinson Mark E. , Ferguson Henry C. , Furlanetto Steven R. , Greene Jenny E. , Madau Piero , Shapley Alice E. , Stark Daniel P. , Wechsler Risa H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the next decade, deep galaxy surveys from telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope and Roman Space Telescope will provide transformational data sets that will greatly enhance the understanding of galaxy formation during the epoch of reionization (EoR). In this work, we present the Deep Realistic Extragalactic Model (DREaM) for creating synthetic galaxy catalogs. Our model combines dark matter simulations, subhalo abundance matching and empirical models, and includes galaxy positions, morphologies, and spectral energy distributions. The resulting synthetic catalog extends to redshifts z ∼ 12, and galaxy masses

log

10

(
M

/

M

⊙

)
=
5

covering an area of 1 deg2 on the sky. We use DREaM to explore the science returns of a 1 deg2 Roman ultra-deep field (UDF), and to provide a resource for optimizing ultra-deep survey designs. We find that a Roman UDF to ∼30 m
AB will potentially detect more than 106
M
UV < − 17 galaxies, with more than 104 at redshifts z > 7, offering an unparalleled data set for constraining galaxy properties during the EoR. Our synthetic catalogs and simulated images are made publicly available to provide the community with a tool to prepare for upcoming data.
How Important Is Secular Evolution for Black Hole and Neutron Star Mergers in 2+2 and 3+1 Quadruple-star Systems?
Authors: Vynatheya Pavan , Hamers Adrian S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mergers of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) result in the emission of gravitational waves that can be detected by LIGO. In this paper, we look at 2+2 and 3+1 quadruple-star systems, which are common among massive stars, the progenitors of BHs and NSs. We carry out a detailed population synthesis of quadruple systems using the Multiple Stellar Evolution code, which seamlessly takes into consideration stellar evolution, binary and tertiary interactions, N-body dynamics, and secular evolution. We find that, although secular evolution plays a role in compact object (BH and NS) mergers, (70–85)% (depending on the model assumptions) of the mergers are solely due to common envelope evolution. Significant eccentricities in the LIGO band (higher than 0.01) are only obtained with zero supernova (SN) kicks and are directly linked to the role of secular evolution. A similar outlier effect is seen in the χ
eff distribution, with negative values obtained only with zero SN kicks. When kicks are taken into account, there are no systems that evolve into a quadruple consisting of four compact objects. For our fiducial model, we estimate the merger rates (in units of Gpc−3 yr−1) in 2+2 quadruples (3+1 quadruples) to be 10.8 ± 0.9 (2.9 ± 0.5), 5.7 ± 0.6 (1.4 ± 0.4), and 0.6 ± 0.2 (0.7 ± 0.3) for BH–BH, BH–NS, and NS–NS mergers, respectively. The BH–BH merger rates represent a significant fraction of the current LIGO rates, whereas the other merger rates fall short of LIGO estimates.
Building Terrestrial Planets: Why Results of Perfect-merging Simulations Are Not Quantitatively Reliable Approximations to Accurate Modeling of Terrestrial Planet Formation
Authors: Haghighipour Nader , Maindl Thomas I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although it is accepted that perfect-merging is not a realistic outcome of collisions, some researchers state that perfect-merging simulations can still be considered as quantitatively reliable representations of the final stage of terrestrial planet formation. Citing the work of Kokubo & Genda, they argue that the differences between the final planets in simulations with perfect-merging and those where collisions are resolved accurately are small, and it is justified to use perfect-merging results as an acceptable approximation to realistic simulations. In this paper, we show that this argument does not stand. We demonstrate that when the mass lost during collisions is taken into account, the final masses of the planets will be so different from those obtained from perfect-merging that the latter cannot be used as an approximation. We carried out a large number of smooth particle hydrodynamics simulations of embryo–embryo collisions and determined the amount of the mass and water lost in each impact. We applied the results to collisions in a typical perfect-merging simulation and showed that even when the mass loss in each collision is as small as 10%, perfect-merging can, on average, overestimate the masses of the final planets by ∼35% and their water content by more than 18%. Our analysis demonstrates that, while perfect-merging simulations are still a powerful tool in proving concepts, they cannot be used to make predictions, draw quantitative conclusions (especially about the past history of a planetary system), or serve as a valid approximation to the simulations in which collisions are resolved accurately.
Spin Alignment of Dark Matter Halos: Fast Halos
Authors: Ebrahimian Ehsan , Abolhasani Aliakbar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the spin alignment of dark matter halos by considering a mechanism somewhat similar to tidal locking; we dub it tidal-locking theory (TLT). While tidal torque theory (TTT) is responsible for the initial angular momentum of dark matter halos, TLT explains the angular momentum evolution during nonlinear ages. Our previous work showed that close encounters between halos could drastically change their angular momentum. This paper argues that TLT predicts partial alignment between the speed and spin direction for large high-speed halos. To examine this prediction, we use IllustrisTNG simulations and look for the alignment of the halos’ rotation axes. We find that the excess probability of alignment between spin and speed is about 10% at z = 0 for the large fast halos with velocities larger than twice the median. This spin–speed alignment weakens at z = 1 and disappears at z = 4. We also show that TTT predicts that the spin of a halo tends to be aligned with the middle eigendirection of the tidal tensor. Moreover, we find that the halos at z = 10 are preferentially aligned with the middle eigendirection of the tidal tensor with an excess probability of 15%. We show that TTT fails to predict the correct alignment at z = 0, while it works almost flawlessly at z = 10. These findings confirm that at earlier redshifts, during which mergers and fly-bys are rare, TTT works well, but after enough time, when fly-bys have occurred, the spin of the halos tends to align with speed for high-speed halos, due to the TLT effect.
A Catalog of LAMOST Variable Sources Based on Time-domain Photometry of ZTF
Authors: Xu Tingting , Liu Chao , Wang Feng , Huang Weirong , Deng Hui , Mei Ying , Cao Zhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The identification and analysis of different variable sources is a hot topic in astrophysical research. The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey has accumulated a mass of spectral data but contains no information about variable sources. Although a few related studies present variable source catalogs for the LAMOST, the studies still have a few deficiencies regarding the type and number of variable sources identified. In this study, we present a statistical modeling approach to identify variable source candidates. We first cross-match the Kepler, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Zwicky Transient Facility catalogs to obtain light-curve data of variable and nonvariable sources. The data are then modeled statistically using commonly used variability parameters. Then, an optimal variable source identification model is determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and four credible evaluation indices such as precision, accuracy, recall, and F1-score. Based on this identification model, a catalog of LAMOST variable sources (including 631,769 variable source candidates with a probability greater than 95%, and so on) is obtained. To validate the correctness of the catalog, we perform a two-by-two cross-comparison with the Gaia catalog and other published variable source catalogs. We achieve the correct rate ranging from 50% to 100%. Among the 123,756 sources cross-matched, our variable source catalog identifies 85,669 with a correct rate of 69%, which indicates that the variable source catalog presented in this study is credible.
Magnetic Flux Transport Identification of Active Reconnection: MMS Observations in Earth’s Magnetosphere
Authors: Qi Yi , Chu Li Tak , Russell Christopher T. , Ergun Robert E. , Jia Ying-Dong , Hubbert Mark 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in converting energy while modifying field topology. This process takes place under varied plasma conditions during which the transport of magnetic flux is intrinsic. Identifying active magnetic reconnection sites with in situ observations is challenging. A new technique, Magnetic Flux Transport (MFT) analysis, has been developed recently and proven in numerical simulation for identifying active reconnection efficiently and accurately. In this study, we examine the MFT process in 37 previously reported electron diffusion region (EDR)/reconnection-line crossing events at the day-side magnetopause and in the magnetotail and turbulent magnetosheath using Magnetospheric Multiscale measurements. The coexisting inward and outward MFT flows at an X-point provides a signature that magnetic field lines become disconnected and reconnected. The application of MFT analysis to in-situ observations demonstrates that MFT can successfully identify active reconnection sites under complex varied conditions, including asymmetric and turbulent upstream conditions. It also provides a higher rate of identification than plasma outflow jets alone. MFT can be applied to in situ measurements from both single- and multi-spacecraft missions and laboratory experiments.