bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into photochemical nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings enabled by energy transfer
Authors: Kancherla Rajesh , Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Maity Bholanath , Karuthedath Safakath , Kumar Gadde Sathish , Laquai Frédéric , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVarious methods that use a photocatalyst for electron transfer between an organic substrate and a transition metal catalyst have been established. While triplet sensitization of organic substrates via energy transfer from photocatalysts has been demonstrated, the sensitization of transition metal catalysts is still in its infancy. Here, we describe the selective alkylation of C(sp3)–H bonds via triplet sensitization of nickel catalytic intermediates with a thorough elucidation of its reaction mechanism. Exergonic Dexter energy transfer from an iridium photosensitizer promotes the nickel catalyst to the triplet state, thus enabling C–H functionalization via the release of bromine radical. Computational studies and transient absorption experiments support that the reaction proceeds via the formation of triplet states of the organometallic nickel catalyst by energy transfer.
IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis reprograms lipogenesis in adipocytes to promote diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Zhou Hao , Wang Han , Zhang Quanri , Zhang Renliang , Willard Belinda , Liu Caini , Kang Zizhen , Li Xiao , Li Xiaoxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractToll-like receptors/Interleukin-1 receptor signaling plays an important role in high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue dysfunction contributing to obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Here, we show an unconventional IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis in adipocytes that reprograms ﻿lipogenesis to promote diet-induced obesity. Adipocyte-specific deficiency of IRAKM reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, increases whole body energy expenditure and improves insulin resistance, associated with decreased lipid accumulation and adipocyte cell sizes. IL-1β stimulation induces the translocation of IRAKM Myddosome to mitochondria to promote de novo lipogenesis in adipocytes. Mechanistically, IRAKM interacts with and phosphorylates mitochondrial citrate carrier Slc25a1 to promote IL-1β-induced mitochondrial citrate transport to cytosol and de novo lipogenesis. ﻿Moreover, IRAKM-Slc25a1 axis mediates IL-1β induced Pgc1a ﻿acetylation to regulate thermogenic gene expression in adipocytes. IRAKM kinase-inactivation also attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity. ﻿Taken together, our study suggests that the IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis tightly links inflammation and adipocyte metabolism, indicating a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
Consideration of high-quality development strategies for soil and water conservation on the loess plateau
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Ge Yonggang , Yuan Gaoang , Song Zhiyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe construction of check dams is an important measure to prevent soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and reduce the amount of sediment entering the Yellow River. Based on an analysis of the current situation of soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau and the three major problems faced by the traditional homogeneous soil check dam construction, the study of anti-scouring materials, hydrological calculation methods, dam design and construction technology and soil and water conservation monitoring are carried out in this paper. The results showed that the current soil and water conservation measures on the Loess Plateau have achieved remarkable outcomes. The new design and application concept of check dams with anti-burst and multi-sand interceptions is innovatively proposed in this paper. The new materials of solidified loess have good durability and anti-scouring characteristics and could meet the overflow and anti-scouring requirements of the new check dam. The small watershed high sand content of hydrological calculation can establish the upper limit of the flood sediment boundary for the anti-scouring protection layer of the check dam. The new technology of dam design and construction can achieve no collapse or slow collapse when encountering floods exceeding the standard. Intelligent monitoring systems can realize real-time dynamic monitoring for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau. The results will eventually contribute to the national strategy of the Ecological Protection and High Quality Development in the Yellow River basin.
A multivariate statistical test for differential expression analysis
Authors: Tumminello Michele , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Sottile Gianluca , Sciaraffa Nicolina , Arancio Walter , Coronnello Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStatistical tests of differential expression usually suffer from two problems. Firstly, their statistical power is often limited when applied to small and skewed data sets. Secondly, gene expression data are usually discretized by applying arbitrary criteria to limit the number of false positives. In this work, a new statistical test obtained from a convolution of multivariate hypergeometric distributions, the Hy-test, is proposed to address these issues. Hy-test has been carried out on transcriptomic data from breast and kidney cancer tissues, and it has been compared with other differential expression analysis methods. Hy-test allows implicit discretization of the expression profiles and is more selective in retrieving both differential expressed genes and terms of Gene Ontology. Hy-test can be adopted together with other tests to retrieve information that would remain hidden otherwise, e.g., terms of (1) cell cycle deregulation for breast cancer﻿ and (2) “programmed cell death” for kidney cancer.
Detection of spatial avoidance between sousliks and moles by combining field observations, remote sensing and deep learning techniques
Authors: Łopucki Rafał , Klich Daniel , Kociuba Piotr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNowadays, remote sensing is being increasingly applied in ecology and conservation, and even underground animals can successfully be studied if they leave clear signs of their presence in the environment. In this work, by combining a field study, analysis of high-resolution aerial images, and machine learning techniques, we investigated the interspecies relationships of two small burrowing mammals: the spotted souslik Spermophilus suslicus and the European mole Talpa europaea. The study was conducted for 3 years (2018–2020) at a 105-ha grass airfield where both species coexist (Poland). Both field studies and the analysis of aerial imagery showed that, in the period of low population numbers, the souslik avoided coexistence with the European mole, and the presence of the mole was found to reduce the area of the habitat suitable for the souslik. The presence of other burrowing species may be an important element in the habitat selectivity of the souslik, but this has not yet been included in the conservation guidelines for this species. We discuss the contribution of our results to the knowledge of the ecology of burrowing mammals and their interspecies relationships. We also assess the possibility of using remote sensing and deep learning methods in ecology and conservation of small burrowing mammals.
Space–time line coded spatial modulation
Authors: Lee Ki‐Hun , Joung Jingon , Jung Bang Chul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a novel multiple‐input multiple‐output transceiver technique, named space–time line coded spatial modulation (STLC‐SM) is proposed, where two modulation symbols are transmitted through one of the multiple transmit antennas determined by the incoming information bits after constellation‐rotated STLC encoding. The receiver decodes the transmitted modulation symbols and the activated antenna index through an optimal joint maximum‐likelihood detector. As a main result, the closed‐form upper‐bound of bit‐error‐rate of the proposed STLC‐SM system in general antenna configurations is mathematically analysed. Finally, it is validated that the STLC‐SM significantly outperforms the conventional STLC in terms of the bit‐error‐rate.
Peritonealdialyse beim älteren Patienten
Authors: Haag-Weber Marianne 
Published: May 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Bedarf an Nierenersatztherapie für ältere Patienten steigt weltweit an. Beide Nierenersatztherapien, die Peritonealdialyse (PD) und die Hämodialyse (HD), sind in dieser Patientengruppe bzgl. der auftretenden Mortalitätsraten weitgehend vergleichbar. Entscheidender als die Überlebenszeit ist bei den meist komorbiden älteren Patienten jedoch die Lebensqualität. Diesbezüglich bietet die PD beim älteren Patienten zahlreiche Vorteile. Hauptsächlich vorteilhaft ist sicherlich, dass die PD sehr gut toleriert und vertragen wird und kein Gefäßzugang nötig ist. In den meisten Studien findet man zwischen älteren und jüngeren PD-Patienten ein ähnliches technisches Überleben und Peritonitisrisiko. Es gibt nur wenige medizinische Kontraindikationen für die PD beim älteren Patienten, jedoch einige Barrieren körperlicher, kognitiver und sozialer Art. Einige Patienten brauchen deshalb eine Assistenz. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ländern gibt es in Deutschland bislang kein strukturiertes Programm für die assistierte PD. Durch die Individualisierung der PD und die sog. inkrementelle PD ist es jedoch oft trotzdem möglich, mit geringer Assistenz durch Familienangehörige auch bei älteren Patienten die PD durchzuführen. Die inkrementelle PD bedeutet, dass je nach vorhandener renaler Restfunktion nicht die übliche Dialyse verabreicht wird, sondern eine geringer intensive PD mit weniger als 4 Beutelwechseln am Tag oder einer Anwendung seltener als 7 Tage pro Woche. Ältere Patienten werden häufig erst spät beim Nephrologen vorgestellt. Ein ungeplanter Dialysebeginn erfolgt meist mittels HD, obgleich zahlreiche Studien zeigen konnten, dass ein ungeplanter Dialysebeginn auch mit PD erfolgreich durchgeführt werden kann.
Sport und Bewegungsmöglichkeiten bei älteren Dialysepatienten
Authors: Degenhardt Stefan , Anding-Rost Kirsten 
Published: May 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAlte Dialysepatienten sind in besonderem Maße durch Bewegungsmangel und Inaktivität gefährdet. Wir stellen hier sowohl den aktuellen Stand der Diskussion als auch eigene Erfahrungen mit „Sport während der Dialyse“ vor. Mit praktischen Hinweisen machen wir Vorschläge, wie ein Trainingsprogramm an der Dialyse gestaltet werden kann. Größte Hindernisse für die Umsetzung einer Dialysetrainingstherapie während der Hämodialyse sind die Unkenntnis über Wirksamkeit und Umsetzung der Trainingsprogramme sowie eine bisher noch weitgehend fehlende Finanzierung durch das Gesundheitssystem.
Einfluss einer muskulären Ermüdung auf den Limb Symmetry Index nach VKB-Rekonstruktion
Authors: Höll Patrick , Kröll Josef 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn Athlet*innen die Return to Sport (RTS) Kriterien nach einer vorderen Kreuzbandrekonstruktion (VKBR) erfüllen, erleiden sie dennoch häufig eine erneute Verletzung des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB). Ein Grund für das erhöhte Risiko könnte darin bestehen, dass die Kriterien nicht unter ermüdeten Bedingungen getestet werden, obwohl eine muskuläre Ermüdung ein Risiko für Verletzungen darstellt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss einer muskulären Ermüdung auf den Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) bei Athlet*innen nach einer VKBR und gesunden Proband*innen zu untersuchen.Neun Proband*innen nach einer unilateralen VKBR und 17 Gesunde (28,1 ± 5,2 LJ.) absolvierten eine Serie von 3 Sprungtests – Side Hop Test (SH), Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ), Single Leg Hop for Distance (SLHD) – in einem nicht ermüdeten und einem muskulär ermüdeten Zustand. Mittels einer 2 × 3 ANOVA mit Messwiederholung wurden die LSI-Werte vor und nach der muskulären Ermüdung miteinander verglichen.Die VKBR-Gruppe erreichte im Gesamt-LSI 91,3 ± 12,3 %, die Kontrollgruppe 100,1 ± 11,9 %. Innerhalb der Gruppen bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen dem ermüdeten und nicht ermüdeten Zustand. Es konnten keine signifikanten Interaktionseffekte (p > 0,05) oder Zeiteffekte (p > 0,05) des LSI hinsichtlich der Ermüdung festgestellt werden, jedoch zeigten der LSI des SLVJ und der Gesamt-LSI hoch signifikante Gruppeneffekte (p = 0,003, p = 0,001). Patient*innen nach einer VKBR wiesen niedrigere LSI-Werte als die gesunde Kontrollgruppe auf. Der geringere LSI der VKBR-Gruppe kann einen möglichen Risikofaktor für eine Wiederverletzung darstellen.Eine muskuläre Ermüdung hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den LSI. Ein LSI unter ermüdeten Bedingungen scheint somit als RTS-Kriterium ungeeignet zu sein. Der bisherige Cut-off-Wert des LSI von 90 % sollte in Frage gestellt und eine Erhöhung dieses Grenzwertes in Betracht gezogen werden.
Electronic Health Record-Embedded, Behavioral Science-Informed System for Smoking Cessation for the Parents of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jenssen Brian P. , Karavite Dean J. , Kelleher Shannon , Nekrasova Ekaterina , Thayer Jeritt G. , Ratwani Raj , Shea Judy , Nabi-Burza Emara , Drehmer Jeremy E. , Winickoff Jonathan P. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Schnoll Robert A. , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Helping parents quit smoking is a public health priority. However, parents are rarely, if ever, offered tobacco use treatment through pediatric settings. Clinical decision support (CDS) systems developed for the workflows of pediatric primary care may support consistent screening, treatment, and referral.
Objectives This study aimed to develop a CDS system by using human-centered design (HCD) that identifies parents who smoke, provides motivational messages to quit smoking (informed by behavioral science), and supports delivery of evidence-based tobacco treatment.
Methods Our multidisciplinary team applied a rigorous HCD process involving analysis of the work environment, user involvement in formative design, iterative improvements, and evaluation of the system's use in context with the following three cohorts: (1) parents who smoke, (2) pediatric clinicians, and (3) clinic staff. Participants from each cohort were presented with scenario-based, high-fidelity mockups of system components and then provided input related to their role in using the CDS system.
Results We engaged 70 representative participants including 30 parents, 30 clinicians, and 10 clinic staff. A key theme of the design review sessions across all cohorts was the need to automate functions of the system. Parents emphasized a system that presented information in a simple way, highlighted benefits of quitting smoking, and allowed direct connection to treatment. Pediatric clinicians emphasized automating tobacco treatment. Clinical staff emphasized screening for parent smoking via several modalities prior to the patient's visit. Once the system was developed, most parents (80%) reported that it was easy to use, and the majority of pediatricians reported that they would use the system (97%) and were satisfied with it (97%).
Conclusion A CDS system to support parental tobacco cessation in pediatric primary care, developed through an HCD process, proved easy to use and acceptable to parents, clinicians, and office staff. This preliminary work justifies evaluating the impact of the system on helping parents quit smoking.
Errors-in-variables calibration with dark uncertainty
Authors: Cecelski Christina E , Toman Blaza , Liu Fong-Ha , Meija Juris , Possolo Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A model for errors-in-variables regression is described that can be used to overcome the challenge posed by mutually inconsistent calibration data. The model and its implementation are illustrated in applications to the measurement of the amount fraction of oxygen in nitrogen from key comparison CCQM-K53, and of carbon isotope delta values in steroids from human urine. These two examples clearly demonstrate that inconsistencies in measurement results can be addressed similarly to how laboratory effects are often invoked to deal with mutually inconsistent results from interlaboratory studies involving scalar measurands. Bayesian versions of errors-in-variables regression, fitted via Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, are employed, which yield estimates of the key comparison reference function in one example, and of the analysis function in the other. The fitting procedures also characterize the uncertainty associated with these functions, while quantifying and propagating the ‘excess’ dispersion that was unrecognized in the uncertainty budgets for the individual measurements, and that therefore is missing from the reported uncertainties. We regard this ‘excess’ dispersion as an expression of dark uncertainty, which we take into account in the context of calibrations that involve regression models. In one variant of the model the estimate of dark uncertainty is the same for all the participants in the comparison, while in another variant different amounts of dark uncertainty are assigned to different participants. We compare these models with the conventional errors-in-variables model underlying the procedure that ISO 6143 recommends for building analysis functions. Applications of this procedure are often preceded by the selection of a subset of the measurement results deemed to be mutually consistent, while the more discrepant ones are set aside. This new model is more inclusive than the conventional model, in that it easily accommodates measurement results that are mutually inconsistent. It produces results that take into account contributions from all apparent sources of uncertainty, regardless of whether these sources are already understood and their contributions have been included in the reported uncertainties, or still require investigation after they will have been detected and quantified.
Interstitial hydrogen enhances the mobility of some grain boundaries in tungsten
Authors: Mathew Nithin , Perez Danny , Suk Wonjoon , Uberuaga Blas P. , Martinez Enrique 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Segregation of interstitials at a grain boundary (GB) is known to generally lower its mobility. This phenomenon, called ‘solute-drag’, has important ramifications on the process of recrystallization and microstructural evolution. In this manuscript, we present predictions from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which demonstrate that interstitial hydrogen in tungsten can in fact increase the mobility of some GBs which exhibit shear coupling. Assuming a disconnection-based mechanism, activation energies and pre-factors for disconnection nucleation are predicted from simulations of shear-coupled motion. In GBs where enhanced mobility is predicted, interstitial H reduces both the activation energy and the pre-factor for disconnection nucleation, thus effectively increasing the mobility. For GBs with diminished mobility, MD predicts that presence of interstitial H reduces the pre-factor and, in some cases, increases the activation energy. The reduction in the activation energy inferred from MD simulations are confirmed by nudged elastic band calculations. Temperature-dependent structural transitions are observed for some GBs, and the effect of interstitial H is found to change with the changes in structure. The effect of interstitial H is predicted to be complex and highly variable, providing some plausible explanations for experimental observations on the recrystallization of tungsten in presence of H-loaded plasma.
Pandemic-induced shocks and shifts in forest-based livelihood strategies: learning from COVID-19 in the Bia West District of Ghana
Authors: Kuuwill Ametus , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Campion Benjamin Betey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped societies and will continue to do so. Despite its salience, micro-scale evidence on how this pandemic reshapes the livelihood strategies of forest communities in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. To bridge this lacuna, this paper analyses the dynamics around forest-based livelihood strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Bia West District of Ghana. Key informant interviews (n = 8) and a survey of forest-dependent households (n = 100) were conducted to generate relevant data. The study identified fuelwood harvesting, medicinal plants extraction, fruit-gathering and beekeeping as the four livelihood activities that were predominantly practised in the study communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis established an increase in the number of households that diversified into fuelwood harvesting. Regarding medicinal plants collection as a livelihood strategy, less than 10% of households either diversified or intensified this practice with similar charges recorded in fruit-gathering and beekeeping. The logistic regression disclosed gender, household size, education and income, as the socioeconomic variables that significantly predict livelihood diversification and intensification during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the financial, social and physical asset base of households significantly shaped livelihood diversification. Diversification into fuelwood collection, medicinal plants extraction and beekeeping were the strategies that showed a significant positive correlation with the well-being outcomes of forest-based households. While this paper provides fresh evidence to inform the vulnerability dimension of the sustainable livelihoods framework, it further calls for policy interventions to build pandemic-resilient livelihood strategies around forest communities.
Transport and localization in quantum walks on a random hierarchy of barriers
Authors: Sharma Richa , Boettcher Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study transport within a spatially heterogeneous one-dimensional quantum walk with a combination of hierarchical and random barriers. Recent renormalization group calculations for a spatially disordered quantum walk with a regular hierarchy of barriers alone have shown a gradual decrease in transport but no localization for increasing (but finite) barrier sizes. In turn, it is well-known that extensive random disorder in the spatial barriers is sufficient to localize a quantum walk on the line. Here we show that adding only a sparse (sub-extensive) amount of randomness to a hierarchy of barriers is sufficient to induce localization such that transport ceases. Our numerical results suggest the existence of a localization transition for a combination of both, the strength of the regular barrier hierarchy at large enough randomness as well as the increasing randomness at sufficiently strong barriers in the hierarchy.
Study on flexural properties of coal gangue powder asphalt mixture under freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Zhao Wenzhu , Cui Shancheng , Jin Aihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to study the influence of freeze-thaw cycle on the flexural performance of asphalt pavement, semi-circular flexural test (SCB) is carried out. Coal gangue powder (accounting for 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by weight of ore powder) is used to replace ore powder to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of asphalt.According to the test data, the load-displacement curve is drawn, the ultimate tensile stress(

σ

t

) is studied, and the variation law of different coal gangue powder replacement rates under different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 2, 4, and 6 times) is analyzed by ultimate tensile stress. The test results show that the best replacement rate of coal gangue powder is 50%, and

σ

t

decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, so adding coal gangue powder can reduce the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the bending performance of asphalt pavement. By analyzing the load-displacement curve, energy indexes such as WD(total work from initial failure to complete failure), WU(energy dissipation from initial failure to complete failure), WS(work from initial failure to specimen failure) and

η

are obtained. In the freeze-thaw cycle, with the increase of cycle times, the energy consumption of WD, WU and WS decreases, which aggravates the damage of asphalt mixture and reduces the flexural capacity of specimens. Among them, six freeze-thaw cycles have the lowest flexural capacity of specimens, indicating that freeze-thaw damage directly affects the flexural performance of asphalt mixture.