bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' experiences with child protection during pregnancy and post‐birth
Authors: Trew Sebastian , Taplin Stephanie , O'Donnell Melissa , Marriott Rhonda , Broadhurst Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLimited research has directly sought the input of parents involved in the child protection system during pregnancy and with their infants. As the focus of these policies and practices, parents have a unique and important insight not available to others, so it is vital to obtain their input. As part of a larger Australian study, qualitative interviews were undertaken with 13 parents asking about their views and experiences. Parents predominantly became involved with child protection services during pregnancy through a prenatal report. Parents who previously had their newborn removed from their care described it as sudden and unexpected, leaving them distressed and unsupported post‐removal, with a growing list of requirements for them to see their baby or for restoration to be considered. Domestic violence was a particular issue of concern for some mothers who expressed distress that their partners, perpetrators of violence, were allowed access to their infant with fewer requirements than for them. Improvements recommended by the parents included greater communication and preparation for the removal, better recognition of improvements in their situations and increased supports to be provided to parents both pre‐ and post‐removal. Parental experiences provide an important guide to improving child protection practice with these families.
An insight into new glycotherapeutics in glial inflammation: Understanding the role of glycosylation in mitochondrial function and acute to the chronic phases of inflammation
Authors: Patil Vaibhav , Bohara Raghvendra , Winter Carla , Kilcoyne Michelle , McMahon Siobhan , Pandit Abhay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlycosylation plays a critical role during inflammation and glial scar formation upon spinal cord injury (SCI) disease progression. Astrocytes and microglia are involved in this cascade to modulate the inflammation and tissue remodeling from acute to chronic phases. Therefore, understating the glycan changes in these glial cells is paramount.Method and resultsA lectin microarray was undertaken using a cytokine‐driven inflammatory mixed glial culture model, revealing considerable differential glycosylation from the acute to the chronic phase in a cytokine‐combination generated inflamed MGC model. It was found that several N‐ and O‐linked glycans associated with glia during SCI were differentially regulated. Pearson's correlation hierarchical clustering showed that groups were separated into several clusters, illustrating the heterogenicity among the control, cytokine combination, and LPS treated groups and the day on which treatment was given. Control and LPS treatments were observed to be in dense clusters. This was further confirmed with lectin immunostaining in which GalNAc, GlcNAc, mannose, fucose and sialic acid‐binding residues were detected in astrocytes and microglia. However, the sialyltransferase inhibitor inhibited this modification (upregulation of the sialic acid expression), which indeed modulates the mitochondrial functions.ConclusionsThe present study is the first functional investigation of glycosylation modulation in a mixed glial culture model, which elucidates the role of the glycome in neuroinflammation in progression and identified potential therapeutic targets for future glyco therapeutics in neuroinflammation.
A review of attentional bias modification trainings for depression
Authors: Li Guo , Cai Xueli , Yang Qian , Cui Qian , Huang Lihui , Jing Xiujuan , Wang Yifeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNegative attentional bias is a basic character of depression. The attentional bias modification training (ABMT), being a highly promising and easy‐to‐use depression intervention technique, has attracted much attention to alleviate depressive symptoms in recent years. However, the effectiveness of ABMT programs was mixed across studies, since it remained unclear the underlying mechanisms of ABMT on alleviating depressive symptoms. We systematically analyzed the main ABMT paradigms to clarify possible mechanisms of effective training and reasons of ineffective training. Valid ABMT programs might alleviate depressive symptoms through regulating self‐related rumination or two subcomponents of attentional bias: facilitated attention and impaired attentional disengagement. The reasons for the invalidity of ABMT mainly included the suboptimal design of training procedures, mixed effects of participants' personal characteristics, and the unclear relationship between attentional bias and depression. The ABMT is promising for alleviating depressive symptoms, but training procedures are required to be improved to obtain stable training effects.
BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry as a useful tool in the diagnosis of melanomas with ambiguous morphologies and immunophenotypes
Authors: Rothrock Aimi T. , Hameed Nadia , Cho Woo Cheal , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Ivan Doina , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Prieto Victor G. , Curry Jonathan L. , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report three melanoma cases in which BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry (IHC) was valuable for diagnosis. Patient 1: In a patient with a history of primary melanoma on the chest and metastatic melanoma to right breast after undergoing multiple local and systemic therapies, a lung metastasis exhibited chondroid differentiation, aberrant myofibroblastic marker expression, and rare pancytokeratin positivity, without melanocytic marker expression. Patient 2: After targeted and immunotherapy for primary melanoma on the scalp as well as regional and distant metastatic melanoma, an omental metastasis showed CDX2‐positive glandular structures that were negative for melanocytic markers. It was initially misdiagnosed as primary gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Patient 3: A patient with history of melanoma showing epithelioid morphology on the right thigh presented with multiple soft tissue nodules on skin, lymph nodes and internal organs after being lost to follow‐up for 4 years. A biopsy specimen from the right thigh showed spindled cells with scattered pancytokeratin cocktail positivity and ambiguous staining for melanocytic markers. For melanomas with ambiguous morphologies and/or immunophenotypes in each of the three patients, BRAF V600E expression by IHC was maintained in both primary and metastatic melanoma specimens examined. These cases highlight the utility of BRAF V600E IHC in the diagnosis of melanoma.
Substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder: 12‐month outcomes among adults experiencing chronic homelessness in Australia
Authors: Taylor Kathryn M. , Mackelprang Jessica L. , Meyer Denny , Flatau Paul , Thielking Monica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent among individuals who experience homelessness. However, evaluations of interventions that combine housing and mental health services have reported inconsistent mental health and substance use outcomes when compared to usual services. We investigated 12‐month change in substance use severity and PTSD symptom severity among adults experiencing chronic homelessness and tested whether observed differences were associated with housing, support from mental health services or the Journey to Social Inclusion (J2SI) program.MethodsA randomised controlled trial compared the J2SI program with standard service provision (N = 135). Secondary analyses compared those who obtained housing or received mental health services with those who did not. Primary outcomes were alcohol and illicit substance use severity (alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test) and PTSD symptom severity (six‐item PTSD checklist).ResultsThere was significant improvement at 12 months in alcohol use severity, illicit substance use severity and PTSD symptoms in the overall sample. Having seen a mental health professional in the previous 12 months was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol and illicit substance use severity but was not associated with changes in PTSD symptom severity. Being housed at 12 months was associated with significantly higher alcohol use severity.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of access to mental health care for people with a history of chronic homelessness. Research is needed to develop and test therapeutic and housing approaches to reduce PTSD symptom severity among people with experience of homelessness.
The governance shock doctrine: Civic space in the pandemic
Authors: McGee Rosie 
Published: November 2022

SummaryMotivationEmergencies heighten societies' need to be governed. Accordingly, the COVID‐19 pandemic put systems of public governance under severe pressure across the globe. Civic freedoms were widely curtailed for public health reasons. Scarce resources needed to be allocated swiftly, with little opportunity for debate.PurposeIn settings characterized by authoritarianism, violent conflict, and restricted civic space, relations between governments, civil society, and citizens at best tend to be fragile and fraught even in “normal” times. What happens when these settings are rocked by a profound shock such as the onset of a global pandemic?Methods and approachThis article is based on research on civic space and civic action shortly after the onset of the pandemic in three such settings—Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Civil society advocates in each country tracked and interpreted events in real time, debated their responses, supplemented their own knowledge through key informant interviews, and compared experiences across countries.FindingsI argue that the three governments' responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic constitute a “governance shock doctrine,” based on the premise that shocks bring responses from the powerful that advance certain agendas. This patterned phenomenon, visible across the three countries, consists of “securitization” of the public health emergency, suppression of dissent, extension and centralization of executive powers, curtailment of press freedoms, and tightened regulation of civic space, including online space. Civic activism navigated or combated these attacks in various ways.Policy implicationsMeasures adopted in emergency situations tend to persist, threatening to lock civil society into living with pandemic‐era restrictions. Preventing this should be a global priority, and especially important where authoritarianism already looms. An energetic mobilization among national and international actors to reassert and protect civic space is needed if the erosion of civil liberties and normalization of autocratic governance wrought by the political‐military apparatus in so many countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic is not to become permanent, and if the inspired and progressive innovations in organic civic activism over the 2020–2021 crisis period are to survive and flourish.
Role of myocardial performance index (MPI) and cerebro‐placental ratio (CPR) in predicting adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Jain Aayush , Sharma K. Aparna , Dadhwal Vatsla , Perumal Vanamail 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the association of the Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) and Cerebro‐Placental Ratio (CPR) in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses who are appropriately‐grown (AGA), small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and growth restricted (FGR).MethodsSingleton pregnancies were recruited after 24 weeks. The patients were recruited after having been classified as AGA (AC/EFW > 10th centile), SGA (AC/EFW—3rd–10th centile without doppler abnormalities), and FGR (AC/EFW < 3rd centile or 3rd–10th centile with doppler abnormalities). A total of 103 cases comprising 48 AGA, 11 SGA, and 44 FGRfetuses were recruited. The Pulsatility Index of the Umbilical artery, Middle cerebral artery, Ductus Venosus, and Aortic Isthmus was obtained. MPI and CPR were calculated too. The primary outcome was to evaluate the predictive value of MPI and CPR for the composite adverse perinatal outcome.ResultsThe mean gestational age of recruitment was 30 weeks. The OR for Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome in FGR group for MPI > .47 and CPR < 1.67 was 3.48 (95% CI: 1.00–12.24, p‐value < .05) with sensitivity and specificity of 65% each and 11.08 (95% CI: 2.62–46.83, p‐value = .001) with the sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 70%, respectively. When combined together, MPI and CPR yielded an OR of 58.5 (95% CI: 4.58–746.57, p‐value = .002) with a sensitivity of 56.5% and specificity of 95% in the FGR group.ConclusionsMPI in conjunction with CPR can be used together to predict adverse perinatal outcomes in FGR.
Evaluation of tensile fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer modified by single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Eremin Alexander , Burkov Mikhail , Lyubutin Pavel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fatigue behavior of epoxy‐based carbon fiber reinforced composite with additional modification by single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) has been investigated. Neat carbon fiber reinforced polymer and four types of specimens with different SWCNT weight content were tested: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5 wt%. To evaluate damage accumulation and fatigue behavior of open‐hole specimens, digital image correlation was implemented. The strain fields were obtained at predefined lifetimes and the stiffness evolution during cyclic tension‐tension loading was analyzed. Composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy to reveal peculiarities of structure, damage, and fracture. Achieved improvement of fatigue properties was discussed in terms of enhanced interlaminar strength and matrix stiffness. The addition of 0.2% of CNT increases the ultimate tensile strength by 7.3%, failure strain by 7.5%, while the elastic modulus is nearly unaffected. The fatigue durability is increased by 3.4 times.
Using thermodynamics to obtain geochemical information from genomes
Authors: Dick Jeffrey M. , Boyer Grayson M. , Canovas Peter A. , Shock Everett L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThermodynamic characterization of the relative stabilities of chemical compounds is a pillar of conceptual models in various fields of geosciences. Analogous models applied to genomes can yield new information about the relationship between genomes and their geochemical environments. In this perspective article, we present a chemical and thermodynamic analysis of prokaryotic lineages that have been the target of previous phylogenomic studies of evolutionary adaptation to varying redox conditions. The thermodynamic model development begins by quantifying the effects of hydrogen activity (aH2) and temperature on the relative stabilities of organic compounds with different carbon oxidation state. When applied to proteins instead of metabolites, the same techniques can be used to identify combinations of aH2 and temperature at which reference proteomes for Class I or Class II methanogens are relatively stable. The calculated aH2 values are compatible with reported measurements for habitats of methanogens ranging from highly reducing submarine hydrothermal systems to less reducing environments including methanogenic sediments. In contrast to the transition between the two classes of methanogenic archaea, that between basal and terrestrial groups of Thaumarchaeota (denoting the origin of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea) occurs at a less‐reducing redox boundary. These examples reveal the consequences of energy minimization driving evolution and show how geochemical calculations involving biomolecules can be used to quantify and better understand the coevolution of the geosphere and biosphere.
Safety and efficacy of switching to pemafibrate from bezafibrate in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Tamai Hideyuki , Okamura Jumpei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimAlthough fibrates were developed as lipid‐lowering drugs, their efficacy against liver dysfunction in patients with cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and fatty liver disease, has also been reported. Although fibrates act on some peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), pemafibrate is a novel selective PPAR‐α modulator. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching from bezafibrate to pemafibrate in patients with chronic liver disease.MethodsWe analyzed 58 patients with chronic liver disease who switched from bezafibrate to pemafibrate because of minor adverse effects and/or incomplete response.ResultsThis study included 41 patients with cholestatic liver disease and 17 patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Reasons for switching to pemafibrate were renal function decline in 31 patients, hemoglobin decline in 17 patients, creatine kinase (CK) elevation in 11 patients, incomplete response of liver dysfunction in 39 patients, and incomplete response of hyperlipidemia in 13 patients. After 3 months, although no significant change in CK was seen, hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly increased, and creatinine was significantly decreased. Significant decreases in hepatobiliary enzymes were seen in patients with cholestatic liver diseases, but not in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. No significant changes in serum lipids were observed. No patients discontinued pemafibrate due to adverse events.ConclusionsSwitching to pemafibrate could improve adverse effects due to bezafibrate, and appeared effective against liver dysfunction in cholestatic liver disease patients with incomplete response to bezafibrate.
A long‐term follow‐up study of diabetic foot ulcer using micronized acellular dermal matrix
Authors: Byeon Je Yeon , Hwang Yong Seon , Choi Hwan Jun , Kim Jun Hyuk , Lee Da Woon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTreating a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) extending to the tendon or bone can be a challenge for physicians. Recent studies have shown positive results of micronized acellular dermal matrix (ADM) treatment for treating DFU. However, studies on such ADM with a long‐term follow‐up are rare. Thus, the objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse patients treated with micronized ADM with a long‐term follow‐up to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and determine the recurrence rate. The rate of success of complete healing was 62.96% and the time of complete healing was 86.96 days in this study. The recurrence rate of DFUs was 41.17% in the overall group. However, it was only 23.52% in the micronized ADM group. The average duration of recurrence was 720.50 ± 505.12 days. The recurrence rate was 50% in weight bearing areas such as the plantar and heel. It was 12.5% in toes and non‐weight bearing areas. In conclusion, micronized ADM can be used to effectively treat DFUs that have invaded ligaments or bones. A close follow‐up of weight bearing area wounds will allow us to identify and treat recurrence early.
Elevated soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with renal dysfunction in a Chlorocebus atheiopsCOVID‐19 model
Authors: Gonzalez Alexis A. , Olsen Emily L. , Killeen Stephanie Z. , Blair Robert V. , Seshan Surya V. , Jaimes Edgar A. , Roy Chad J. , Prieto Minolfa C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreases of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were measured in both urine and plasma of a Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkey; AGM) mucosal infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. The data indicate that elevated suPAR may be associated with renal dysfunction and pathology in the context of COVID‐19.
Capability Development in Infrequent Organizational Processes: Unveiling the Interplay of Heuristics and Causal Knowledge
Authors: Vuori Natalia , Laamanen Tomi , Zollo Maurizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated the role of heuristics in decision‐making in infrequent and heterogeneous organizational processes. In our multiple‐case study, we tracked individual managers' knowledge, how managers collectively articulated and codified knowledge, and how they used it in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) decision‐making. We developed a process model that explains (a) the evolution and the interplay between heuristics and causal knowledge and (b) the implications of these processes for decision‐making. More precisely, we found that some managers possessed and used rough heuristics – heuristics developed via limited or non‐existent firsthand experience. Because rough heuristics were often faulty, they led to errors if used in a different context. In contrast, other managers possessed and used causal knowledge – knowledge explaining causal regularities in the environment. Causal knowledge was associated with higher quality decision‐making and better performance in subsequent acquisitions. The problem that our focal companies faced was that causal knowledge often evaporated during attempts at collective articulation and codification, causing the conversion of causal knowledge into rough heuristics. We contribute to the organizational heuristics literature by improving our understanding of the role of heuristics in infrequent and heterogeneous organizational processes. At a more general level, we contribute to the capabilities development literature by identifying three paths that capabilities development can take. We also offer important implications for managers.
Climatic niche divergence explains angiosperm diversification across clades in China
Authors: Wu Gui‐Lin , Chen De‐Xiang , Zhou Zhang , Ye Qing , Baselga Andrés , Liu Hui , Wen Yin , Nong Shou‐Qian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiversification rates are critically important for understanding patterns of species richness among clades. However, the effects of climatic niche width on plant diversification rates remain to be elucidated. Based on the phylogenetic, climatic, and distributional information of angiosperms in China, a total of 26 906 species from 182 families were included in this study. We aimed to test relationships between diversification rate and climatic niche width and climatic niche width related variables (including climatic niche divergence, climatic niche position, geographic extent, and climatic niche evolutionary rate) using phylogenetic methods. We found that climatic niche divergence had the largest unique contribution to the diversification rate, while the unique effects of climatic niche width, climatic niche position, geographic extent, and climatic niche evolutionary rate on the diversification rate were negligible. We also observed that the relationship between diversification rate and climatic niche divergence was significantly stronger than the null assumption (artefactual relationship between diversification and clade‐level climatic niche width by sampling more species). Our study supports the hypothesis that wider family climatic niche widths explain faster diversification rates through a higher climatic niche divergence rather than through higher geographic extent, higher climatic niche evolutionary rate, or separated climatic niche position. Hence, the results provide a potential explanation for large‐scale diversity patterns within families of plants.