bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESG Risks and the Value Relevance of Current and Historical Earnings
Authors: Cheng Mingying , Micale Joseph A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether independent, third‐party assessments of firms’ Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) risk exposures provide forward‐looking information content to capital market participants by evaluating whether these ESG risks have a moderating effect on the ability of earnings and the book values of equity to predict investors’ expectations of the present value of future cash flows. We find that firms’ higher ESG risk exposure increases the association between current earnings and firm values, while decreasing the relevance of book values of equity (i.e., historical earnings). We find that this effect is strongest for firms with the highest levels of risk exposure and following large changes to ESG risk exposures. In additional analyses, we disaggregate ESG risk exposure and while we find that each component of ESG has predictive power consistent with the main findings, governance risks dominant the results in head to head specifications. Taken together, our findings suggest that governance risk exposures provide forward‐looking information content to investors when they evaluate the ability of current earnings to predict future cash flows. Our results are robust to several measures of ESG risk exposure, entropy balancing specifications, and exogenous shocks to ESG attention following global environmental and social justice initiatives.
Diagenetic nutrient supplies to the Proterozoic biosphere archived in divergent nitrogen isotopic ratios between kerogen and silicate minerals
Authors: Stüeken Eva E. , Prave Anthony R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitrogen isotopes and abundances in sedimentary rocks have become an important tool for reconstructing biogeochemical cycles in ancient ecosystems. There are two archives of nitrogen in the rock record, namely kerogen‐bound amines and silicate‐bound ammonium, and it is well documented that the isotopic ratios of these two archives can be offset from one another. This offset has been observed to increase with metamorphic grade, suggesting that it may be related to the bonding environment in differing nitrogen host phases and associated equilibrium isotope fractionation. However, theoretical bounds for this effect have not been established, and it remains possible that some isotopic offsets predate metamorphism. In support of this hypothesis, we report an unexpectedly large isotopic offset of 4–5‰ in siltstones of very low metamorphic grade from the late Mesoproterozoic Diabaig Formation in NW Scotland (1.0 Ga). Carbon to nitrogen ratios of bulk rocks are 2–3 times lower than in other Mesoproterozoic sections. The rocks also contain early‐formed phosphate concretions and display wrinkled surfaces on bedding planes, indicative of fossilised microbial mats. Collectively, these data are most parsimoniously interpreted as evidence of diagenetic ammonium release from microbial mats into porewaters, followed by partial oxidation to nitrite or nitrate at the sediment–water interface. This process would render residual ammonium in clays isotopically heavy, while the resulting nitrite or nitrate would be relatively lighter and captured in new biomass, leading to the observed isotopic divergence. The same diagenetic degradation pathway likely also liberated phosphate that was trapped within concretions. Diagenetic release of nutrients is known to occur in modern settings, and our data suggest that nitrogen isotopes may be a way to track this local sedimentary nutrient source in past environments. Lastly, we speculate that diagenetic nutrient recycling within Proterozoic microbial mats may have created a favourable niche for eukaryotic organisms in shallow waters.
Import–export nexus and China's emerging trade in environmental goods
Authors: Mao Xiyan , Wang Peiyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternational trade in environmental goods (EG) provides a market‐based solution to balance the development–environment relationship. How can developing economies gain new growth opportunities through trade liberalisation in the EGs? This study investigates the structural features of products and firms during the early development of China's EG trade. This study defines the import–export nexus as the product relatedness between imports and exports at the firm level, which may promote the technology spill overs and firm cooperation. This study combines two nationwide data sets and constructs a data panel covering 334 prefectures and 248 EGs during 2001–2012. The conditional logit model with fixed effects is used for coefficient estimation. Empirical results reveal that the import–export nexus promotes new EGs in domestic sectors and export baskets, primarily supported by domestic private firms. The import–export nexus allows state‐owned firms, which only represent a small market share, to enrich export baskets. It also helps foreign firms to develop new EGs in domestic sectors. These findings suggest revisiting the role of state‐owned firms in industrial policy and developing a broad list of EGs to make use of the product relatedness. These will make developing economies like China gain new growth opportunities from the EG trade.
BMI as a predictor of high fasting blood glucose among people living with HIV in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Khuon Dyna , Rupasinghe Dhanushi , Saphonn Vonthanak , Kwong Tsz‐Shan , Widhani Alvina , Chaiwarith Romanee , Ly Penh Sun , Do Cuong Duy , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Khusuwan Suwimon , Merati Tuti Parwati , Van Nguyen Kinh , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Chan Yu‐Jiun , Azwa Iskandar , Ng Oon Tek , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Tanuma Junko , Pujari Sanjay , Ditangco Rossana , Zhang Fujie , Choi Jun Yong , Gani Yasmin , Sangle Shashikala , Ross Jeremy , Gorbach Pamina M. , Jiamsakul Awachana ,   IeDEA Asia‐Pacific
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐Asian body mass index (BMI) classifications are commonly used as a risk factor for high fasting blood glucose (FBG). We investigated the incidence and factors associated with high FBG among people living with HIV in the Asia‐Pacific region, using a World Health Organization BMI classification specific to Asian populations.MethodsThis study included people living with HIV enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study from 2003 to 2019, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and without prior tuberculosis. BMI at ART initiation was categorized using Asian BMI classifications: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥25 kg/m2). High FBG was defined as a single post‐ART FBG measurement ≥126 mg/dL. Factors associated with high FBG were analyzed using Cox regression models stratified by site.ResultsA total of 3939 people living with HIV (63% male) were included. In total, 50% had a BMI in the normal weight range, 23% were underweight, 13% were overweight, and 14% were obese. Median age at ART initiation was 34 years (interquartile range 29–41). Overall, 8% had a high FBG, with an incidence rate of 1.14 per 100 person‐years. Factors associated with an increased hazard of high FBG included being obese (≥25 kg/m2) compared with normal weight (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–2.44; p < 0.001) and older age compared with those aged ≤30 years (31–40 years: HR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.08–2.01; 41–50 years: HR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.42–2.90; ≥51 years: HR = 3.19; 95% CI 2.17–4.69; p < 0.001).ConclusionPeople living with HIV with BMI >25 kg/m2 were at increased risk of high FBG. This indicates that regular assessments should be performed in those with high BMI, irrespective of the classification used.
Synthesis of submicron AlN powder using dynamic/thermochemical method
Authors: Boussebha Hamza , Mutlu Nurşen , Canikoğlu Nuray , Kurt Ali O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) method, used for the synthesis of nitride‐based ceramic powders, is an effective and economic technique that has been widely investigated. In this study, a CRN‐based novel approach, denominated as dynamic/thermochemical method (DTM), has been used to synthesize submicron high‐purity aluminum nitride (AlN) powders with equiaxed‐sized particles. DTM is a modified CRN method in which the reaction takes place in a controlled atmosphere using a rotary tube furnace, allowing the synthesis of fine particle‐size powders in a relatively short time. Following the DTM process, homogeneous submicron AlN powders were synthesized from a mixture of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and carbon black at 1450°C for 1.5 h. Furthermore, dynamic synthesis parameters, as well as the use of ammonia (NH3) and propane (C3H8) gas mixtures instead of carbon black and nitrogen, were investigated.
Quantifying the densification and shear flow under indentation deformation in borosilicate glasses
Authors: Kasimuthumaniyan Subramanian , Sahoo Sourav , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Krishnan Naduvath Mana Anoop , Gosvami Nitya Nand 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBorosilicate glasses are used ubiquitously for a wide range of applications, where their mechanical properties play a critical role. However, the deformation mechanisms governing the sharp contact response of these glasses remain poorly understood. Herein, we analyze the role of elastoplastic response in determining the indentation deformation mechanisms for a range of borosilicate glass compositions. The series of glasses were made by varying the SiO2‐to‐B2O3 molar ratio while maintaining a constant content of network modifying alkali and alkaline earth oxides. We employed nanoindentation followed by annealing below the glass transition temperature to quantify the contribution of densification and shear flow as a function of glass composition. Interestingly, we observe that the volume recovery upon annealing is inversely proportional to the hardness of the glasses. This suggests that the resistance to permanent deformation is closely related to the network connectivity of the glasses, which in turn governs the mechanism of deformation under sharp contact loading. Overall, we show the important role of alkali and alkaline earth modifiers in governing the composition‐dependent indentation behavior of borosilicate glass series.
Recent advances in ultrasound‐coupled drying for improving the quality of fruits and vegetables: a review
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Zhang Liang , Fan Kai 
Published: June 2022

SummaryDrying is a commonly used fresh‐keeping technology. Conventional drying technologies such as convective drying, freeze‐drying causes the degradation of product quality due partly to long drying time. Ultrasound as a great potential technology is applied to improve drying process of fruits and vegetables. This review provides recent advances in ultrasound‐coupled drying for improving the quality of fruits and vegetables. Effects of ultrasound‐coupled drying were stated in detail. The designs of ultrasound‐coupled drying systems were described, indicating that these systems effectively reduced drying time. Effect of ultrasound‐coupled drying on the quality of fruits and vegetables was reviewed. Ultrasound‐coupled drying was helpful to improve physicochemical quality attributes such as colour, water activity, texture, rehydration capacity, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, microstructure and shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Hence, this suggested that ultrasound application is a promising technology to improve drying process of fruits and vegetables.
Role of phenolic acid, tannins, stilbenes, lignans and flavonoids in human health – a review
Authors: Oluwole Oluwatoyin , Fernando WMAD Binosha , Lumanlan Jane , Ademuyiwa Oluwaseun , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: June 2022

SummaryPhytonutrients such as phenolics play important roles in health and well‐being. The main phenolic compounds include phenolic acid, tannins, stilbenes, lignans and flavonoids. Phenolic compounds in plants distributed in the tissues, cell walls and subcellular compartments have biological activities, including antioxidant, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Citrus fruits, herbs and cereals are a few examples of flavonoid sources with biological functions. This article reviews recent findings in some common groups of phenolics and their role beneficial to human effects. Regular consumption of various plant sources which possess phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes, lignans and flavonoids can reduce oxidative stress, cancer, cardiovascular disease and slow the progression of memory loss.
Thromboelastography in guiding preventive platelet transfusion in patients with haematologic diseases
Authors: Wei Yan‐Hui , Miao Zhao‐Xu , Guo Xue‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study analysed the relationships between the main thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, the platelet (PLT) count and clinical bleeding in patients with blood diseases. We explored the threshold of the relevant parameters in the pathological condition of bleeding, aiming to scientifically guide clinical prophylactic PLT transfusion.MethodsIn total, 268 patients with clear diagnoses of blood diseases and thrombocytopenia were enrolled and divided into five groups, A, B, C, D and E, corresponding to PLT counts of 0–10 × 109/L, 11–20 × 109/L, 21–30 × 109/L, 31–50 × 109/L and 51–100 × 109/L, respectively. TEG and routine blood testing were performed simultaneously, the main TEG parameters and the PLT count were analysed, and the thresholds of the main TEG parameters in each group when the patient had bleeding were obtained.ResultsThe maximum amplitude (MA) in groups A, B and C increased gradually, with a significant difference between each pair of these groups (P < 0.05). In groups A, B, C, D and E, the corresponding MA at the time of bleeding was 43.5 mm, 39.6 mm, 38.0 mm, 35.2 mm and 50.5 mm, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe MA can be used as a reference indicator for preventive PLT transfusion to a certain extent. When the PLT count is within different ranges, the MA threshold for preventive PLT transfusion also differs. It is recommended that different PLT counts be correlated with different MA thresholds to guide clinical prophylactic PLT transfusion.
The financial status of national unions
Authors: Masters Marick F. , Gibney Raymond F. , Albright Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe longstanding concerted attacks on unions from multiple fronts in the United States have threatened to undermine labour's institutional security. Though much has been written on the nature and scope of labour's declining membership, less research exists on unions' financial state. We have addressed this void in several ways through an analysis of the finances of 53 major national unions in the United States over the years between 2006 and 2019. Our study has reported on the financial resources and performance of these 53 national unions on aggregated and disaggregated bases. Building from relevant theory, we have analysed an exploratory model to identify the determinants of variation in union financial resources and performance. We have shown that the unions' net worth over the 2006–2019 span deteriorated, though, in aggregation, their member‐based income grew. The unions have maintained high levels of liquidity and resilience in their capacity to fund their operating budgets. Business Income has fallen as a share of overall net revenues. Disaggregated data have shown vast variation in financial resources and performance across unions and over time. Multivariate analyses suggest differences correlated with selected organizational and environmental factors, such as union density, earnings and membership levels.
ABCD before E‐verything else—Intensive care nurses' knowledge and experience of pressure injury and moisture‐associated skin damage
Authors: Johansen Edda , Bredesen Ida Marie , Jónasdóttir Rannveig Jóna , Lind Ranveig 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients in intensive care units are at high risk of developing pressure injuries and moisture‐associated skin damages. Prevention and care rely much on intensive care nurses' competency and attitudes. This study explored intensive care nurses' experience, knowledge and bedside practice in prevention and care of pressure injuries and moisture‐associated skin damages with a descriptive qualitative design. Six focus groups (n = 25) were carried out in three University hospitals, two in Norway and one inIceland. Interviews were guided by a questioning route, recorded and transcribed verbatim before an inductive content analysis. Three interconnected main categories related to nurses' experience, knowledge and bedside care were identified: (a) nursing; (b) context; and (c) patients. Intensive care nurses recognise patients' risk of developing pressure injuries, as well as their continuous need of personal hygiene because of leakage of body fluids. Nurses were therefore attentive to skin inspection and preventive care but felt insecure and in need of expert help in pressure injury wound care. It varied whether nurses had access to suitable beds and mattresses and experts in wound care. ABCD had to be before E‐verything else, but the skin had higher priority in long‐stay compared with short‐stay patients.
‘You're on show all the time’: Moderating emotional labour through space in the emergency department
Authors: Kirk Kate , Cohen Laurie , Edgley Alison , Timmons Stephen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThis is the second of two papers conceptualizing emotional labour in the emergency department (ED). This paper aims to understand the environmental ‘moderators’ of ED nurses’ emotional labour.DesignEthnography, through an interpretivist philosophy, enabled immersion in the ED setting, gathering the lived experiences and narratives of the ED nurses.MethodsObservation and semi‐structured interviews over a 6‐month period. Two hospital sites (one district general and one major trauma centre based in the United Kingdom.ResultsOver 200 h of observation plus 18 formal/semi‐structured interviews were completed. Environmental, institutional and organizational dynamics of the emergency department instrumented the emotional labour undertaken by the nursing team. Time and space were found to be ‘moderators’ of ED nurses' emotional labour. This paper focusses on the relevance of space and in particular, ‘excessive visibility’ with little respite for the nurses from their intense emotional performance.ConclusionEmotional labour is critical to staff well‐being and the way in which healthcare spaces are designed has an impact on emotional labour. Understanding how emotional labour is moderated in different clinical settings can inform organizational, environmental and workforce‐related decision‐making.
Prevention and screening of melanoma in Europe: 20 years of the Euromelanoma campaign
Authors: Del Marmol V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEuromelanoma is a Europe‐wide, dermatologist‐led organization that campaigns to have a public, scientific, and political impact on raising awareness of the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancer. The organization raises public awareness of skin cancer by providing practical support to participating countries for the roll out of yearly screening campaigns, and then builds on these campaigns by providing resources via its website to educate the general public on key skin cancer prevention measures, risk factors, and the importance of recognizing abnormal lesions through self‐examination. Euromelanoma also provides a valuable platform for the scientific community, facilitating collaborations between countries and coordinating the collection of standardized data on the epidemiology, demographic and clinical characteristics, and risk factors for all forms of skin cancer. As our scientific understanding of skin cancer advances, Euromelanoma plays a key role in ensuring that the importance of skin cancer prevention, treatment, and diagnosis remains at the forefront of European and national healthcare policies. Since its creation in 1999, Euromelanoma has continued to evolve, adapt, and expand its approach to achieve these public, scientific, and political goals: the organization now has networks of dermatologists working in over 30 countries and has screened and gathered skin cancer data from around 420 000 subjects. This review highlights these achievements by providing an outline of the history of Euromelanoma and the benefits of the first decade of action and by describing the evolving approach over the past 20 years. Future Euromelanoma projects, which aim to evaluate skin cancer risk in specific populations (outdoor workers, organ transplant recipients, etc.) are also introduced, and current challenges for the Euromelanoma campaign are discussed, including the need to improve reporting of non‐melanoma skin cancer cases and to raise awareness of melanoma subtypes, particularly the more difficult to diagnose nodular melanoma form.
UV filters and their impact on marine life: state of the science, data gaps, and next steps
Authors: Lebaron P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSunscreens containing broad‐spectrum ultraviolet (UV) filters play an essential role in protecting the skin against the damage induced by sun overexposure. However, the widespread use of sunscreens and other personal care products containing these filters has led to these compounds being widely detected in the environment and being identified as emerging pollutants in marine waters. Concerns raised by laboratory studies investigating the potential impact of UV filters on coral communities have already led to bans on the use of some sunscreens in a few tourist hotspots. Although UV filter pollution may be just one of the many environmental factors impacting coral health worldwide, the media attention surrounding these studies and the legislative changes may lead patients to question dermatologists about the environmental safety of some sunscreen products. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the impact of UV filters on marine ecosystems, concentrating on recent studies examining the effects of commonly used filters on organisms at low trophic levels and of how alternative approaches, such as metabolomics, can be used to further assess UV filter ecotoxicity. Current gaps in our knowledge are also discussed, most notably the need to increase our understanding of the longer‐term fate and behaviour of UV filters in the marine environment, develop more adapted standardized ecotoxicity tests for a wider range of marine species, and evaluate the impact of UV filters on the marine food web. We then discuss future perspectives for the development of new, more environmentally friendly, filters that may enable the use of the most toxic compounds to be reduced without compromising the effectiveness of sunscreen formulations. Finally, we consider how dermatologists play a key role in educating patients on the need for a balanced approach to sun exposure, sun protection, and conservation of the marine environment.