bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porosomes in uterine epithelial cells: Ultrastructural identification and characterization during early pregnancy
Authors: Kalam Sadaf N. , Dowland Samson , Lindsay Laura , Murphy Christopher R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPorosomes are plasma membrane structures in secretory cells that allow transient docking and/or partial fusion of vesicles during which they release their content then disengage. This is referred to as “kiss and run” exocytosis. During early pregnancy, at the time of receptivity, there is a high level of vesicle activity in uterine epithelial cells (UECs). One of the secretory pathways for these vesicles could be via porosomes, which have yet to be identified in UECs. This study identified porosomes in the apical plasma membrane of UECs for the first time. These structures were present on days 1, 5.5, and 6 of early pregnancy, where they likely facilitate partial secretion via “kiss and run” exocytosis. The porosomes were measured and quantified on days 1, 5.5, and 6, which showed there are significantly more porosomes on day 5.5 (receptive) compared to day 1 (nonreceptive) of pregnancy. This increase in porosome numbers may reflect major morphological and molecular changes in the apical plasma membrane at this time such as increased cholesterol and soluble NSF attachment protein receptor proteins, as these are structural and functional components of the porosome complex assembly. Porosomes were observed in both resting (inactive) and dilated (active) states on days 1, 5.5, and 6 of early pregnancy. Porosomes on day 5.5 are significantly more active than on day 1 as demonstrated by the dilation of their base diameter. Further two‐way ANOVA analysis of base diameter in resting and dilated states found a significant increase in porosome activity in day 5.5 compared to day 1. This study therefore indicates an increase in the number and activity of porosomes at the time of uterine receptivity in the rat, revealing a mechanism by which the UECs modify the uterine luminal environment at this time.
The relationship between myocardial bridge and frontal QRS‐T angle
Authors: Tascanov Mustafa Begenc , Tanriverdi Zulkif , Gungoren Fatih , Tapar Gulsen Genc , Bicer Asuman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimAlthough Myocardial bridge (MB) is known as a benign condition, it has been demonstrated to be associated with cardiac arrhythmias and poor outcomes. Frontal QRS‐T angle (fQRSTa) is a novel indicator of repolarization and depolarization heterogeneity. Last studies indicated that associated with fQRSTa and adverse cardiac events. No study evaluated the relationship between fQRSTa and MB. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between MB and fQRSTa.MethodsThis study included 91 patients with normal coronary arteries and 89 patients with MB. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients due to ischemia findings on treadmill exercise test or myocardial scintigraphy.2‐lead surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) of all patients were evaluated. QT interval, fQRSTa, QTc interval were measured from surface ECGs.ResultsBaseline clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory parameters were similar between MB and control group. However, when compared to control group, patients with MB had importantly raised fQRSTa [27 (20–41) vs. 23 (12–37) p = 0.007]. In correlation analysis, fQRSTa was positively correlated with MB length (r = 0.411, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that MB length was the just considerable predictor of fQRSTa (β = 0.247, p = 0.041).ConclusionsThe fQRSTa is a novel electrocardiographic marker that can be easily obtained from surface ECG. We have shown for the first time that MB length is a significant predictor of fQRSTa.
Role of C‐reactive protein in the bone marrow of Modic type 1 changes
Authors: Dudli Stefan , Heggli Irina , Laux Christoph J. , Spirig José M. , Wanivenhaus Florian , Betz Michael , Germann Christoph , Farshad‐Amacker Nadja A. , Herger Nick , Mengis Tamara , Brunner Florian , Farshad Mazda , Distler Oliver 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModic type 1 changes (MC1) are vertebral bone marrow lesions and associate with low back pain. Increased serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) has inconsistently been associated with MC1. We aimed to provide evidence for the role of CRP in the tissue pathophysiology of MC1 bone marrow. From 13 MC1 patients undergoing spinal fusion at MC1 levels, vertebral bone marrow aspirates from MC1 and intrapatient control bone marrow were taken. Bone marrow CRP, interleukin (IL)‐1, and IL‐6 were measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured with a colorimetric assay. CRP, IL‐1, and IL‐6 were compared between MC1 and control bone marrow. Bone marrow CRP was correlated with blood CRP and with bone marrow IL‐1, IL‐6, and LDH. CRP expression by marrow cells was measured with a polymerase chain reaction. Increased CRP in MC1 bone marrow (mean difference: +0.22 mg CRP/g, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.04, 0.47], p = 0.088) correlated with blood CRP (r = 0.69, p = 0.018), with bone marrow IL‐1β (ρ = 0.52, p = 0.029) and IL‐6 (ρ = 0.51, p = 0.031). Marrow cells did not express CRP. Increased LDH in MC1 bone marrow (143.1%, 95% CI [110.7%, 175.4%], p = 0.014) indicated necrosis. A blood CRP threshold of 3.2 mg/L detected with 100% accuracy increased CRP in MC1 bone marrow. In conclusion, the association of CRP with inflammatory and necrotic changes in MC1 bone marrow provides evidence for a pathophysiological role of CRP in MC1 bone marrow.
Infusion timing and sleep habits of adults receiving home parenteral and enteral nutrition: A patient‐oriented survey study
Authors: Dashti Hassan S. , Rhyner Jordan J. , Mogensen Kris M. , Godbole Meghna , Saxena Richa , Compher Charlene , Winkler Marion F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe emerging field of chrononutrition investigates the effects of the timing of nutritional intake on human physiology and disease pathology. It remains largely unknown when patients receiving home nutrition support routinely administer home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and/or home enteral nutrition (HEN).MethodsThe present descriptive study included data collected from a patient‐oriented survey designed to assess the timing of infusions and sleep habits of patients receiving HPN and HEN in the United States.ResultsA total of 100 patients were included. Patients had a mean age of 44.1 years and 81% were female. Among 73 patients supported with HPN and 27 patients supported with HEN, 86% and 44% reported overnight infusions, respectively. The median start and end times of overnight infusions were 2100 (interquartile range [IQR] = 1900–2200) and 0800 (IQR = 0700–1000), respectively, for HPN and 2000 (IQR = 1845–2137) and 0845 (IQR = 0723–1000), respectively, for HEN. Overnight infusions started 2.0 h (IQR = 1.1–3.0) and 2.0 h (IQR = 0.6–3.3) before bedtime for HPN and HEN, respectively, and stopped 12.9 min (IQR = −21.3 to 29.1) and 30.0 min (IQR = −17.1 to 79.3) after wake time for HPN and HEN, respectively. Sleep disruption because of nutrition support or urination was most common among patients receiving infusions overnight compared with those receiving infusions continuously or during the daytime.ConclusionsOur survey study focusing on a novel and medically relevant dimension of nutrition found that most HPN‐dependent and HEN‐dependent patients receive infusions overnight while asleep. Our findings suggest that overnight infusions coinciding with sleep may result in sleep and circadian disruption.
New tools for dead roots: Radioisotope labelling and compound‐specific analysis reveal how subsoil hotspots work
Authors: Banfield Callum C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubsoils are increasingly studied as they, first, store a great deal of terrestrial carbon (C) and possibly even more, and second, offer resources like water and nutrients to plants, potentially mitigating negative consequences of global change. As subsoil access is often hampered by compacted soil layers, the key to accessing subsoil resources and storing more C below ground might be in biopores. Appropriately nicknamed ‘highways of root growth’, biopores are macropores left behind by dying roots and earthworm activities, often enriched with organic matter (OM) and nutrients. They are thought to be the most abundant microbial hotspots in the subsoil, thus possibly accounting for a large part of C turnover, as well as offering pore wall nutrients to subsequent crops. Understanding the multifunctionality and complexities of biopores remains challenging. This contribution aims to showcase analytical ways to deepen our understanding of origin and functioning of biopores and hotspots. Regarding their biogeochemistry, biopore OM quality and its turnover can be better unravelled through compound‐specific analysis to deduct biopore‐specific OM turnover. Biopores can be reliably differentiated by their OM quality. A more profound understanding of subsoil C turnover in very contrasting hotspots is crucially important for managing subsoil functions. Biopores are often assumed to be beneficial in crop sequences. Roots making use of specific biopores can be, for the first time, quantified after radiotracer application, two‐step phosphor imaging, and image processing. Combining radioactive with stable isotopes as well as plant and microbial biomarkers allows to investigate the relevance of individual pore wall nutrients in plant growth in consideration of physical biopore properties. Biopore‐friendly management practices (e.g., reduced tillage, perennial cover cropping) could be part of smart subsoil management. Faster access to subsoil water and concentrated biopore nutrients may safeguard agricultural production—especially in times of rising fertiliser costs (both monetary and environmental) and more frequent droughts.
Assessment of biogas production and bacterial load from manure of layer chicken fed with two different types of feed
Authors: Haque Mohammad Enamul , Ryndin Roman , Mang Heinz‐Peter , Kabir Humayun , Rahman Mohummad Muklesur , Khasruzzaman Abul Kalam Mohammad , Uddin Mohammad Asir , Islam Mohammad Alimul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe focus of this research was to assess the biogas production of Chicken Manure (CM) collected from hybrid layer chickens fed non‐commercial (CMNC) and commercial (CMC) feed, as well as to evaluate the bacterial load of feeding stock and digested slurry samples before and after Anaerobic Digestion (AD). The effects of the feedstock and digestion composition of CM on biogas production were measured. The experiment was carried out utilizing lab‐based proto‐type digesters for CM with or without inoculum. For each commercial and non‐commercial feed, four experimental groups (CMNC1, CMNC2, CMC1, and CMC2) were designed using mixing ratios of CM: H2O: inoculum (25:25:50) and CM: H2O (50:50). For Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), the digesters were set up at ambient temperature (28–34°C) for 30 days. The spread plate technique was used to determine the Total Viable Count (TVC), E. coli, and Salmonella spp. counts.ResultsThe highest average cumulative biogas yield was achieved from CMC2 > CMNC2 > CMC1 > CMNC1. The biogas production of inoculum added groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01) than the without inoculum groups. The average concentration of CH4 and CO2 in biogas was 49% and 51% for CMNC1, 58% and 42% for CMNC2, 46% and 54% for CMC1, 52% and 42% for CMC2. However, the H2S content was within the acceptable range except for the CMNC2 group. The bacterial load was decreased by 2–3 logs before and after AD, and this reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe study concluded that the CM diluted with water and inoculum (25:25:50) ratio was recommended for sustainable biogas production.
Sexual compulsivity, erectile dysfunction, and suicidality among male survivors of military sexual violence
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Xu Bingyu , Hoyt Tim , Lorenz Tierney , Monteith Lindsey L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with an increased risk of suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation among service members and veterans, there is limited knowledge regarding the mechanisms of MST and suicidality among men. The current study examined whether MST was associated with sexual compulsivity and/or erectile dysfunction and if these, in turn, explained elevated suicidal thoughts and the likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior after accounting for mental health, military, and demographic characteristics. Service members and veterans who reported their gender as male (N = 508) were recruited via social media and completed online self‐report measures assessing MST, erectile dysfunction, sexual compulsivity, suicidal ideation frequency, and the likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior. Path analysis was used to examine the study hypotheses. In total, 67 participants (13.2%) reported a history of MST; of these individuals, 27 (40.3%) reported suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, and 29 (43.9%) reported an increased likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior. MST was associated with increased sexual compulsivity, which, in turn, predicted more frequent suicidal ideation as well as a higher self‐reported likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior. MST was associated with higher levels of erectile dysfunction, but erectile dysfunction was not associated with suicidal ideation in the adjusted model. Although the data were cross‐sectional, precluding determinations of causality, the results support assessing and intervening with regard to sexual compulsivity to mitigate the risk for suicide‐related outcomes among men who experience MST.
Teaching the Teachers: A Flexible, Cognitive‐Focused Curriculum in Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Education for Hospital Medicine Faculty
Authors: Anstey James , Jensen Trevor , Lalani Farhan , Conner Stephanie McCarty 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to decrease barriers to acquiring Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) knowledge among attending physicians and improve the safety of trainee POCUS use through a novel flexible and cognitive based curriculum.MethodsWe developed three educational pathways using varied approaches to educational delivery: a novel and asynchronous cognitive curriculum to allow Educational Supervision, a hands‐on pathway for Limited Practice, and a more robust pathway for Independent Practice and credentialing.ResultsFrom November 2018 through June 2021, 102 of 116 hospitalists engaged in some portion of the curriculum. Twenty‐four completed the Educational Supervision pathway, 31 completed the Limited Practice pathway, and 17 enrolled in the Independent Practice pathway with three achieving independent practice. Faculty who completed the Educational Supervision pathway had improved scores on a comprehensive POCUS knowledge assessment, 43.5% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 38.2–48.8] versus 72.0% [95% CI 65.2–78.8], P < .001. Junior faculty were more likely to engage in the supervision pathway and senior faculty were more likely to complete an intensive course to complete the Limited Practice pathway.ConclusionsA flexible, cognitive focused POCUS curriculum was effective in creating high levels of engagement, and a cognitive only curriculum resulted in significant improvement in hospitalists' POCUS knowledge without hands on training. Finally, we found that hospitalist engagement in the curriculum did not follow the lowest barrier to entry or time commitment and engagement varied by time in practice. Training faculty to independent practice remains a substantial challenge.
Follow Up Imaging in Hepatocellular Cancer Ultrasound Screening Exams With Poor Visualization Scores
Authors: Bley Edward , Mohan Nandakumar , Jackson Inimfon , Chaisidhivej Natapat , Jarrett Simone , Lo Kevin Bryan , Navarro Victor , Rossi Simona , Rodgers Shuchi K. , Kalman Richard S. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (LI‐RADS) provides standardized terminology and reporting for ultrasound (US) examinations performed for hepatocellular cancer (HCC) screening. However, there are no recommendations regarding follow up imaging for visualization scores with suboptimal visualization. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine follow up imaging practices in the setting of US studies scored as B (moderate limitations) and C (severe limitations).MethodsA single center retrospective analysis of studies from 2017 to 2021 with HCC US screening visualization scores of B and C was performed. Follow up imaging with US, CT, or MRI within 6 months with visualization score B or C on initial US were included.ResultsFive hundred and sixty HCC US studies with suboptimal imaging were reviewed. Of those with follow up imaging, patients with a visualization score of B underwent US in more than half (58%) of the cases while those with visualization score of C underwent more CT/MRI studies (62.5%, P = .12) Patients with visualization score of B had more MRI exams performed (55%) while patients with a visualization score of C underwent more CT exams (70%, P = .16).ConclusionsCurrently, there are no guidelines instructing follow up imaging on HCC screening ultrasounds with poor visualization, and the data suggests that providers have taken a heterogeneous approach. This suggests a need for society recommendations on how to approach HCC screening ultrasounds in patients with suboptimal studies.
The Texas Health Resources Clinical Scholars Program: Learning healthcare system workforce development through embedded translational research
Authors: Masica Andrew L. , Velasco Ferdinand , Nelson Tanna L. , Medford Richard J. , Hughes Amy E. , Pandey Ambarish , Peterson Eric D. , Lehmann Christoph U. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionTexas Health Resources (THR), a large, nonprofit health care system based in the Dallas‐Fort Worth area, has collaborated with the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) to develop and operate a unique, integrated approach for Learning Health System (LHS) workforce development. This training model centers on academic health system faculty members conducting later‐stage translational research within a partnering regional care delivery organization.MethodsThe THR Clinical Scholars Program engages early career UTSW faculty members to conduct studies that are likely to have an impact on care delivery at the health system level. Interested candidates submit formal applications to the program. A joint committee comprised of senior research faculty from UTSW and THR clinical leadership reviews proposals with a focus on the shared LHS needs of both institutions—developing high quality research output that can be applied to enhance care delivery. A key prioritization criterion for funding is the degree to which the research addresses a question relevant to THR as a high‐volume network with multiple channels for consumers to access care. The program emphasis is on supporting embedded research initiatives using health system data to generate knowledge that will improve the quality and efficiency of care for the patient populations served by the participant organizations.ResultsWe discuss specific strategic and tactical components of the THR Clinical Scholars Program including an overview of the academic affiliation agreement between the collaborating organizations, criteria for successful program applications, data sharing, and funding. We also share project summaries from selected clinical scholars as examples of the LHS research done in the program to date.ConclusionThis experience report provides an implementation framework for other academic health systems interested in adopting similar LHS workforce training models with community partners.
Qualitative evaluation of two web‐based tools to improve accessibility of evidence reports
Authors: Paez Kathryn A. , Shapiro Rachel , Thompson Lee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence‐based Practice Center (EPC) Program produces evidence reports to assist health systems in improving patient care. To make EPC evidence reports more accessible and usable, AHRQ convened a panel of learning health system (LHS) senior leaders to develop two web‐based tools—a table‐based tool presenting high‐level results, and a graphical display that presented detailed data—to disseminate the reports and test the tools. Researchers examined (1) the context under which interview participants reviewed and used the evidence reported by the tools, (2) their experiences using the tools, (3) the tools' influence on clinical practice, and (4) how the tools could be improved.MethodsResearchers collected and inductively analyzed qualitative data from tool implementation meetings with six LHSs and interviews with 27 LHS leaders and clinical staff who used the tools. Researchers used website utilization metrics to augment qualitative results.ResultsThe tools were efficient, complementary, and useful sources of summarized evidence to promote system change, educate trainees and clinicians, inform research, and support shared decision making with patients and families. Clinical leaders appreciated the evidence review thoroughness and quality and viewed AHRQ as a trusted source of information. However, many felt the tools were not practical for bedside use because of their complex content. Participants also noted the reports had limited evidence strength and robustness. They suggested optimizing the tools for mobile device use to facilitate tool uptake and developing training resources about tool navigation and statistical content interpretation.ConclusionsLHSs found the tools to be useful resources for making the EPC Program reports more accessible to and usable for health system leaders. The tools have the potential to meet some, but not all, LHS evidence needs. Their value depends on reports' usefulness, which ultimately depends on the evidence quality.
Spinal muscular atrophy carrier frequency in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Jumah Mohammed , Al Rajeh Saad , Eyaid Wafaa , Al‐Jedai Ahmed , Al Mudaiheem Hajar , Al Shehri Ali , Hussein Mohammed , Al Abdulkareem Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpinal Muscular Dystrophy (SMA) is one of the leading causes of death in infants and young children from heritable diseases. Although no large‐scale popultion‐based studies have been done in Saudi Arabia, it is reported that the incidence of SMA is higher in the Saudi population partly because of the high degree of consanguineous marriages.MethodsThe final analysis included 4198 normal volunteers aged between 18 and 25 years old, 54.7% males, and 45.3% females. Whole blood was spotted directly from finger pricks onto IsoCode StixTM and genomic DNA was isolated using one triangle from the machine. To discern the SMN1 copy number independently from SMN2, Multiplex PCR with Dral restriction fragment analysis was completed. We used the carrier frequency and population‐level data to estimate the prevalence of SMA in the population using the life‐table method.ResultsThis data analysis showed the presence of one copy of the SMN1 gene in 108 samples and two copies in 4090 samples, which resulted from a carrier frequency of 2.6%. The carrier frequency was twofold in females reaching 3.7% compared to 1.6% in males. 27% of participants were children of first‐cousin marriages. We estimated the birth incidence of SMA to be 32 per 100,000 birth and the total number of people living with SMA in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be 2265 of which 188 are type I, 1213 are type II, and 8,64 are type III.ConclusionThe SMA carrier rate of 2.6% in Saudi control subjects is slightly higher than the reported global frequency of 1.25 to 2% with links to the high degree of consanguinity.