bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The seemingly preferred cosmic frame
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Universe appears to have a ‘preferred’ frame of reference, within which the cosmic microwave background is completely isotropic. Earth’s motion through this relic radiation field is measurable, and some have viewed this type of observation as a possible contradiction of Einstein’s principle of relativity. Several experiments have been proposed (and some have been carried out) to test for violations of Lorentz invariance when transforming out of this background frame, e.g., based on expected velocity differences in a Michelson-Morley type of probe. But what exactly is this cosmic frame? Is it truly an absolute frame attached to the Universe, or is it an observer-dependent construction? Such possibilities represent very different Physics, of course. In this paper, we work through these issues carefully, without the introduction of unsubstantiated assumptions. We show that the preferred frames originate through general (not special) relativity, and are indeed observer-dependent. Their existence does not at all conflict with Einstein’s fundamental hypothesis of special relativity.
Avalanche photodiodes on silicon photonics
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tossoun Bassem , Huang Zhihong , Zeng Xiaoge , Kurczveil Geza , Fiorentino Marco , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Silicon photonics technology has drawn significant interest due to its potential for compact and high-performance photonic integrated circuits. The Ge- or III–V material-based avalanche photodiodes integrated on silicon photonics provide ideal high sensitivity optical receivers for telecommunication wavelengths. Herein, the last advances of monolithic and heterogeneous avalanche photodiodes on silicon are reviewed, including different device structures and semiconductor systems.
Recent development in electronic structure tuning of graphitic carbon nitride for highly efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jie , Huang Yanbin , Liu Jun , Ma Mengmeng , Liu Kong , Zhao Chao , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , Zhang Lei , Han Haiyan , Deng Wenshuang , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The utilization of solar energy to drive energy conversion and simultaneously realize pollutant degradation via photocatalysis is one of most promising strategies to resolve the global energy and environment issues. During the past decade, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted dramatically growing attention for solar energy conversion due to its excellent physicochemical properties as a photocatalyst. However, its practical application is still impeded by several limitations and shortcomings, such as high recombination rate of charge carriers, low visible-light absorption, etc. As an effective solution, the electronic structure tuning of g-C3N4 has been widely adopted. In this context, firstly, the paper critically focuses on the different strategies of electronic structure tuning of g-C3N4 like vacancy modification, doping, crystallinity modulation and synthesis of a new molecular structure. And the recent progress is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future trends are summarized.
Diamond semiconductor and elastic strain engineering
Authors: Dang Chaoqun , Lu Anliang , Wang Heyi , Zhang Hongti , Lu Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diamond, as an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor, has become a promising candidate for next-generation microelectronics and optoelectronics due to its numerous advantages over conventional semiconductors, including ultrahigh carrier mobility and thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and ultra-high breakdown voltage, etc. Despite these extraordinary properties, diamond also faces various challenges before being practically used in the semiconductor industry. This review begins with a brief summary of previous efforts to model and construct diamond-based high-voltage switching diodes, high-power/high-frequency field-effect transistors, MEMS/NEMS, and devices operating at high temperatures. Following that, we will discuss recent developments to address scalable diamond device applications, emphasizing the synthesis of large-area, high-quality CVD diamond films and difficulties in diamond doping. Lastly, we show potential solutions to modulate diamond’s electronic properties by the “elastic strain engineering” strategy, which sheds light on the future development of diamond-based electronics, photonics and quantum systems.
Silicon-integrated high-speed mode and polarization switch-and-selector
Authors: Dong Yihang , Zhang Yong , Shen Jian , Xu Zihan , Zou Xihua , Su Yikai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
On-chip optical communications are growingly aiming at multimode operation together with mode-division multiplexing to further increase the transmission capacity. Optical switches, which are capable of optical signals switching at the nodes, play a key role in optical networks. We demonstrate a 2 × 2 electro-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based mode- and polarization-selective switch fabricated by standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. An electro optic tuner based on a PN-doped junction in one of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer arms enables dynamic switching in 11 ns. For all the channels, the overall insertion losses and inter-modal crosstalk values are below 9.03 and –15.86 dB at 1550 nm, respectively.
Geometric conditions for saturating the data processing inequality
Authors: Cree Sam , Sorce Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The data processing inequality (DPI) is a scalar inequality satisfied by distinguishability measures on density matrices. For some distinguishability measures, saturation of the scalar DPI implies an operator equation relating the arguments of the measure. These results are typically derived using functional analytic techniques. In a complementary approach, we use geometric techniques to derive a formula that gives an operator equation from DPI saturation for any distinguishability measure; moreover, for a broad class of distinguishability measures, the derived operator equation is sufficient to imply saturation as well. Our operator equation coincides with known results for the sandwiched Rényi relative entropies, and gives new results for α-z Rényi relative entropies and a family of of quantum f-divergences, which we compute explicitly.
Counting equilibria in a random non-gradient dynamics with heterogeneous relaxation rates
Authors: Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine Bertrand , Fyodorov Yan V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear autonomous random dynamical system of N degrees of freedom coupled by Gaussian random interactions and characterized by a continuous spectrum n

μ
(λ) of real positive relaxation rates. Using Kac–Rice formalism, the computation of annealed complexities (both of stable equilibria and of all types of equilibria) is reduced to evaluating the averages involving the modulus of the determinant of the random Jacobian matrix. In the limit of large system N ≫ 1 we derive exact analytical results for the complexities for short-range correlated coupling fields, extending results previously obtained for the ‘homogeneous’ relaxation spectrum characterised by a single relaxation rate. We show the emergence of a ‘topology trivialisation’ transition from a complex phase with exponentially many equilibria to a simple phase with a single equilibrium as the magnitude of the random field is decreased. Within the complex phase the complexity of stable equilibria undergoes an additional transition from a phase with exponentially small probability to find a single stable equilibrium to a phase with exponentially many stable equilibria as the fraction of gradient component of the field is increased. The behaviour of the complexity at the transition is found only to depend on the small λ behaviour of the spectrum of relaxation rates n

μ
(λ) and thus conjectured to be universal. We also provide some insights into a counting problem motivated by a paper of Spivak and Zyuzin of 2004 about wave scattering in a disordered nonlinear medium.
Simulation of an induction flow water heater based on a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component
Authors: Aflyatunov R R , Vasilyev P I , Khazieva R T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Water supply plays an important role in the development of the agricultural sector. Maintaining the temperature when watering plants is essential for proper growth. The water must be warm if it is watering overhead or is carried out with a large volume of water at a time. In the article, the authors propose an effective induction instantaneous water heater using functional integration methods. The modeling of the pipeline heating process was carried out in the Elcut software package, the results of the thermal problem of the model were obtained. The article presents a diagram of an induction instantaneous water heater based on a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component (MIEC), made of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric and rolled into a roll. This technology makes it possible to reduce the weight and dimensions of the system and increase its reliability.
Variability of Siberian stone pine seed yield in introduction plantations in the Vologda region
Authors: Khamitov R S , Andronova M M , Korchagov S A , Khamitova S M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Selection of high-yielding samples of Siberian stone pine in artificial plantations created outside its habitat potentially improves the quality of work on its introduction. The study represents an assessment of the level of individual variability of Siberian stone pine by seed yield in the context of introduction (taking into account its variation by years of crop generation). Studies were conducted in the annually seeding Chagrinsky cedar grove located in the Gryazovetsky District of the Vologda Region. Sample trees were selected to observe the dynamics of seed formation in the plantation. Observations allowed us to conclude about the irregularity of yields from year to year and high variability in the volume of yields among individual trees. A significantly pronounced effect on the seed yield of Siberian stone pine is recorded both in terms of the year of cone generation and individual variability of the trees. Individual characteristics account for 41% of the total variation in yield, while the year of observation accounts for only 21%. Dependence on individual variability slightly decreases with the increasing duration of observations, which may be due to chronographic variability in the reproductive capacity of the trees. It was concluded that the selection of maternal producers for the creation of high-yielding plantations is advisable. At the same time, the increased observation period for the reproductive capacity of individual trees makes it possible to increase the efficiency of selection. To reduce the duration of observations, it was recommended to use the ratio of crown width to crown length as a correlative feature. Nevertheless, in some non-yielding years, the relationship between the yield and this feature may not be evident. For this purpose, the trees with the lowest value of this indicator should be selected as high-yielding ones.
Influence of growing regions on losses from physiological diseases of fruits cv. Honeycrisp
Authors: Gudkovsky V A , Kozhina L V , Nazarov Yu B , Sutormina A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The work was carried out at the Federal Research Center named after I.V. Michurin (Tambov region, Russia) in 2019, using fruits cv. Honeycrisp with a high susceptibility to bitter pit (BP), low temperature breakdown (LTB) and soft scald (SS). Studied fruits were grown at commercial orchards from 6 regions of the Central Federal District (Moscow, Tula, Lipetsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh). The aim of the research was to assess the influence of meteorological factors of different growing regions on the susceptibility of fruits to physiological diseases during storage. The maximum susceptibility to BP is observed for fruits from the Southern region of the Central Federal District (Kursk, Voronezh, Belgorod regions) with high air temperatures (> 25 °C) and moisture deficit (HTC <0.7) during the growing season. The fruits from the Northern region of the Central Federal District (Moscow, Tula regions) with low air temperatures (minimum temperatures <10 °C) and sufficient moisture supply during the growing season (HTC > 1) are characterized by the maximum susceptibility to SS and LTB. An intermediate position is occupied by the Lipetsk region, where the risks of BP, SS and LTB development are quite high. Stressful agronomic factors such as young age of plantations (1-2 years of fruiting), low yield, strong pruning, etc. can cause the development of BP regardless of growing region, with higher risks of disease development under stressful meteorological conditions.
Application of gear hydraulic machines in the composition of hydrostatic transmissions
Authors: Vorozhtsov O V , Plaksin I E , Trifanov A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic machines serve either to impart energy to the fluid flowing through them, or to obtain energy from the fluid for its further useful use. The number of hydraulic machines used in the national economy is increasing annually, due to the fact that, in comparison with electric motors, they have smaller overall dimensions and weight, and also have a higher ratio of torque on the output shaft to the moment of inertia of the rotor. In agriculture, hydraulic machines are widely used in crop production. Through the use of hydraulics and automation, the development of complex mechanization of production processes is carried out, which provides for the development of machines of increased power and reliability. Also, the use of hydraulic machines allows you to relieve the structure of rigid mechanical connections and allows a wide range of adjustment of the unit operation. The most widely used today are two types of hydraulic machines - piston and gear. The use of hydraulic piston machines places high demands on the degree of purification and quality of transmission oil, as well as on the qualifications of technical personnel to ensure quality maintenance. Gear hydraulic machines are less demanding on the purity of the working fluid, as well as simplicity in design, are quite reliable, have a low cost price and a wide range of rotational speeds, in addition, they are able to create a relatively high pressure with low weight. The overall efficiency of gear hydraulic machines, which is 90%, is slightly inferior to that of piston hydraulic machines, which reaches 93%, respectively. The given characteristics of gear hydraulic machines allow us to consider them, taking into account modern design features, as a power basis for a hydrostatic transmission, with a limitation in power of application.
Results of metallographic observations of cultivator shares after spot electromechanical processing
Authors: Yakovlev Sergey , Kurdyumov Vladimir , Ayugin Nikolay , Mishanin Alexandr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Presented are the results of metallographic studies of the structure and properties of a cultivator share, hardened by spot electromechanical processing in its various high-wear areas. In the process of research, the manufacturer was offered recommendations on the technology of forming parts in the process of their manufacture. It has been established that spot electromechanical processing allows to obtain hemispherical hardened areas with a hardness of HV 7000 ... 7600 MPa, which will provide the effect of self-sharpening of their cutting parts during the operation of the cultivator shares. Spot electromechanical processing with two tools allows to provide through hardening of the cultivator share along the ends of the share wings. The proposed technology for hardening cultivator shares during their manufacture and repair will increase the durability of these parts during their operation.
Using arable units with tractors of traction class 1.4 of different power
Authors: Boykov V M , Startsev S V , Pavlov A V , Nesterov E S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of analytical studies of the traction characteristics of wheeled tractors with a power of 50-75 kW located in the same traction class 1.4. Empirical expressions are obtained for the dependence of the tractive effort of the Case IH Farmall JX 1090U, Challenger MT 425, Massey Ferguson 4225, New Holland TD 5030 MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractors on the travel speed. The dependence of the traction resistance of a three-body plow PLN-3-35 on the speed of movement, aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4, has been determined. As a result of the graphic-analytical analysis, the optimal loading mode for each tractor was established when working with a PLN-35 plow, 1.05 m wide at a depth of 0.30 m. The hourly productivity of arable units and the energy intensity of the main moldboard tillage are determined. A comparison of the obtained operational indicators is given.
To the question of controlling insect pests of seed grain when stored in sealed vessels
Authors: Latyshenok N M , Shemyakin A V , Slobodskova A A , Latyshenok M B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During grain storage, pests cause significant harm. Their larvae gnaw through the shell of the grain and penetrate inside, where they feed on the endosperm. Currently, when fighting against such pests, the technologies of forced cooling of the grain mound and disinfection of seeds using insecticides are used. Both of these technologies are not widely used in grain production, due to significant material and energy costs for the purchase and maintenance of special equipment. Moreover, the second technology is environmentally hazardous, since it uses substances polluting the environment. Now many scientists are engaged in studying ecologically safe methods of fighting with pests. One of such methods is grain treatment with ozone. However, this method is not used due to the lack of recommendations for the use of this gas and the need for some additional equipment for gas production. To ensure the metabolic process in their body, pests need to consume oxygen from the environment in much larger volumes than the seeds of cereals need. A promising method for protecting seeds from pests is a method based on limiting the process of slowing down the metabolism of pests by limiting the consumption of oxygen from the environment. This article is devoted to the results of studying this method.
Using growth-promoting drugs when cultivating bulb onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: Tyutyuma N V , Bondarenko A N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Expert estimates show that the Astrakhan Oblast may become the country's leading region for the production of onions, annually providing up to 300-500 thousand tons. Moreover, the average yield in the Astrakhan Oblast remains quite low, and one of the reasons for this is the lack of scientifically based resource-saving irrigation technologies. The purpose of the studies was to study the influence of growth-stimulating drugs aimed at increasing the yield of bulb onions in the zone of light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region. In this regard, for study, the authors raised questions related to the influence of various growth-stimulating drugs and mineral feeds in drip irrigation conditions on biometric indicators and yields of varieties and hybrids of onions of domestic breeding. As a result of biometric measurements carried out three times per vegetation (phase 4-5 of the present leaf, bulb formation, the beginning of technical ripeness (leaf drying), the highest values were obtained on the version using two-fold spraying by the natural growth regulator Novosil. On the basis of the received results of researches it was established that use of sheet processing by the medicine Novosil promoted increase in productivity and marketability of onion especially it was shown on grades Christina and a hybrid F1 Bayram.
Screw flow in cylindrical coarse filter
Authors: Esin A I , Soloviev D A , Zagoruyko M G , Kolganov D A , Marynova T A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work discuss the screw type of liquid (irrigation water) motion in a cylindrical coarse filter of a sprinkler machine. A vortex helical flow arises due to the instability of a rectilinear longitudinally uniform flow and uneven distribution of tangential stresses along the wetted perimeter of the cross section of the flow and manifests itself in the form of secondary flows of transverse circulation. The solution of the equations of motion in the gap "mesh - housing" of the filter, expressed in terms of the Bessel function, is obtained. Profiles of longitudinal and rotational velocities in the gap and in the entire filter have been constructed.
Effectiveness of herbicide tank mixtures with Sekator Turbo and graminicides on oil flax
Authors: Mamyrko Yu V , Bushnev A S , Krivoshlykov K M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of post-emergent tank mixtures of herbicidal compositions on weeds in oil flax yields on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. The results were obtained in 2018-2020. We determined the economic efficiency of herbicidal compositions of tank mixtures aimed at suppressing vegetative dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds. The compositions were based on herbicide Sekator Turbo together with one of the graminicides – Bagira, Fusilade Forte, Quickstep, Miura, Zellek-super. The results show that application of the tank mixture Selator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/ha) + Bagira, EC (1.5 l/ha) provided the best effectiveness at the cultivation of oil flax, due to the highest productivity (1.34 t/ha) and obtainment if a net profit (19 115 thousand rubles per 1 hectare).
Microelement composition of spring rape plants depending on the specified experimental conditions
Authors: Zubkova T V , Vinogradov D V , Zakharov V L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the effect of various doses of chicken manure (CP), zeolite (C), their mixtures and mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of microelements in the vegetative organs of spring rape plants at different stages of development. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye deposit promoted a decrease in such trace elements as Cu, Zn and Mn in the vegetative mass of rapeseed throughout the entire period of plant development. On experimental plots using organic-mineral mixtures (CP 2.5 t / ha + C 3 t / ha, CP 5 t / ha + C 3 t / ha, CP 10 t / ha + C 3 t / ha) the active adsorption of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye deposit in relation to Zn was revealed, which contributed to a decrease in the element in the vegetative mass of rape in the variants of the experiment throughout the entire vegetation period of plants. Consequently, the studies carried out make it possible to recommend the cultivation of spring rapeseed using organic waste as fertilizers together with natural zeolite in the forest-steppe conditions CHR.
The impact of agriculture on the sustainable development of the municipal area
Authors: Dvoryadkina E B , Ermakova A M , Motorina A O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article considers the current state of agriculture and its role in the development of the municipal district. The authors describe the measures that are applied at a particular agricultural enterprise. As a result of implementation, it is possible to achieve a solid economic base, thereby increasing the sustainable development of not only an individual enterprise, but also the municipal district as a whole.