bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rules required for operating maritime autonomous surface ships from the viewpoint of seafarers
Authors: Miyoshi Toshiyuki , Fujimoto Shoji , Rooks Matthew , Konishi Tsukasa , Suzuki Rika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDemonstrations and local tests of several maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) have recently been carried out. From a technological standpoint, MASS are becoming able to handle actual operations in certain sea areas. Since 2017, the MSC (Maritime Safety Committee) of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) has been discussing legal problems with the Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) with regard to MASS operation. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the rules from the perspective of seafarers, who need to interpret COLREGs when dealing with MASS in ship handling situations on the sea, and also to discuss possible required amendments to COLREGs. This paper attempts to clarify the extent of current interpretations while also taking into account the answers to questionnaires received from 130 pilots, ship captains and navigation officers concerning COLREGs for MASS operation. Given the four common principles of COLREGs, it is considered whether the principles need to be changed with the introduction of MASS from the viewpoint of seafarers.
Research on navigation risk of the Arctic Northeast Passage based on POLARIS
Authors: An Lei , Ma Long , Wang Hui , Zhang Heng-Yu , Li Zhen-Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe complex sea ice conditions in Arctic waters has different impacts on the legs of the Arctic passage, and ships of specific ice classes face different navigation risks. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of the navigation risks faced in different legs has important practical significance. Based on the POLARIS introduced by IMO, the sea ice condition data from 2011 to 2020 was used to quantify the navigation risk of the Arctic Northeast passage. The risk index outcome (RIO) of the Arctic Northeast Passage were calculated. The navigable windows of the route for ice class 1A ships sailing independently under different sea ice conditions in the last decade were determined, with a navigable period of 91 days under normal sea ice conditions, approximately 175 days under light sea ice conditions and only week 40 close to navigation under severe sea ice conditions. The three critical waters affecting the safety of ships were identified. Combined with the navigable windows and critical waters, recommendations on ship's navigation and manipulation and recommendations for stakeholders were given. The method and results provided reference and support for the assessment of the navigation risk of ships in the Northeast Passage and safety navigation and operations of ships, and satisfied the needs of relevant countries and enterprises to rationally arrange shipment dates and sailing plans based on different ice classes of ships.
New Policy Elites and the Affordable Care Act: The Making ofLong-Term Insiders
Authors: GENIEYS WILLIAM , DARVICHE MOHAMMAD-SAÏD , EPPERSON BRENT 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the career trajectories of new health policy elites in the American federal government, identifying areas of expertise, partisan alignments, relationships to interest groups, and institutional constraints. We demonstrate that, in both the American and French cases, policy elites who have risen through prestigious educational institutions and undertaken extensive professionalization in government, have in fact developed comparable characteristics that blend broad knowledge of social, institutional, and partisan issues with technical skills. We argue that, benefiting from extensive experience in the back offices of power, deeply entrenched in the health policy sector, and promoting a programmatic reform agenda that reaffirms the regulatory powers of government, the new American health policy elites worked behind the scenes to draft and implement the final ACA legislation. Their ambitious, far-reaching reform effort succeeded where many advocates of comprehensive reform had failed, anchoring the political and institutional framework of the U.S. health care system.
Clandestine Networks and Closeted Bureaucrats: AIDS and the Forming of a Gay Policy Network in California
Authors: COLBROOK STEPHEN 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEquating the U.S. government with the national government, historians of the AIDS epidemic have hitherto ignored the role of the states in shaping the early policy response to the disease. Responding to this historiographical lacuna, this article argues that California acted as a policy innovator during the initial years of the epidemic, intervening more effectively than the federal government in the areas of AIDS health care, antibody testing, and prevention education. California’s policy leadership drew significant impetus from a group of gay policy makers, who entered state employment in the early 1980s and relied extensively on clandestine and illicit strategies, particularly a network of “closeted” bureaucrats. Charting the career arcs of these gay policy makers shines a spotlight on the organizational growth of state LGBTQ groups in the 1980s and the evolving role of the “closet” in the modern gay rights movement.
Quality of palliative nursing care: Meaning, death anxiety, and the mediating role of well-being
Authors: Zulueta Egea Mar , Prieto-Ursúa María , Bermejo Toro Laura , Jodar Anchía Rafa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing concern regarding the quality of palliative nursing care. However, despite the growing number of studies identifying related variables, there is still a paucity of studies analyzing models of how these variables interrelate.ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the role played in the quality of palliative care of nursing professionals by the variables meaning and death anxiety and to investigate the mediating role of psychological well-being and engagement.Method176 palliative nursing professionals participated, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling using the snowball method. A simple mediation analysis and a multiple mediator model were performed in parallel, and data were collected using a paper and online questionnaire between January and May 2018.ResultsWell-being mediated the impact of meaning (indirect effect = 0.096, SE = 0.044, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.028, 0.213) and death anxiety (indirect effect = −0.032, SE = 0.013, 95% CI: −0.064, −0.010) on the quality of care. Engagement, on the other hand, only mediated the impact of meaning (indirect effect = 0.185, SE = 0.085, 95% CI: 0.035, 0.372), while the indirect effect of death anxiety with the quality of care through engagement was not statistically significant (indirect effect = 0.008, SE = 0.009, 95% CI: −0.004, 0.032).Significance of resultsDeath anxiety is not directly related to the quality of care, but rather has an effect through psychological well-being, a variable acting as a mediator between the two. The effect of meaning on the quality of care is explained by the mediation of both engagement and psychological well-being, and its impact on the quality of care is thereby mediated by more variables than death anxiety.
Actively Open-Minded Thinking, Bullshit Receptivity, and Susceptibility to Framing
Authors: Rachev Nikolay R. , Geiger Sandra J. , Vintr Jáchym , Kirilova Desislava , Nabutovsky Anna , Nelsson Joakim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The framing effect occurs when different presentations of the same problem lead to predictably different preferences. The dual-process framework of higher cognition assumes that the effect violates rational principles, but alternative accounts and recent evidence have contested this interpretation. Contributing to this debate, we tested the dual-process assumption by investigating associations between susceptibility to framing and the willingness and ability to think in line with rational norms, conceptualized as actively open-minded thinking and pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. We conducted two online studies among North American ( N = 259) and Bulgarian ( N = 248) university students and administered several framing problems within-subjects, presumably necessary for the associations to appear. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that susceptibility to framing was associated with decreased actively open-minded thinking and increased bullshit receptivity in both sites. Exploratory multi-group analyses demonstrated partial strong invariance and showed that the findings generalize across both sites in terms of direction and partially in terms of magnitude. These results broadly support the dual-process account of the framing effect. Our study further contributes to adapting existing measures to a novel setting and expanding the findings across borders and populations.
Intra‐Annual Ground Surface Deformation Detected by Site Observation, Simulation and InSAR Monitoring in Permafrost Site of Xidatan, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Shibo , Zhao Lin , Wang Lingxiao , Zhou Huayun , Zou Defu , Sun Zhe , Xie Changwei , Qiao Yongping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe permafrost degradation can cause long‐term ground surface subsidence, and the surface undergoes frost heave and thaw settlement due to the ice‐water phase change in the active layer. The multi‐year surveys by leveling observations and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar monitoring (InSAR) are helpful to understand the characteristics of seasonal deformation and to model the permafrost terrain surface deformation. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of seasonal deformation over permafrost terrain in Xidatan, obtained by leveling measurements from 2010 to 2018, Sentinel‐1 data from 2014 to 2020, and hydrothermal‐data‐based simulation. The results consistently showed a four‐stage pattern of seasonal deformation characteristics: Summer thaw subsiding, warm‐season stable‐standing, winter freeze heaving and stable‐standing. The leveling measurements proved that spatial heterogeneity also exists on a small spatial scale (400 m2). The deformation amplitude obtained by leveling data is the largest, and the InSAR data is the smallest.
Removing Diurnal Signals and Longer Term Trends From Electron Flux and ULF Correlations: A Comparison of Spectral Subtraction, Simple Differencing, and ARIMAX Models
Authors: Simms Laura E. , Engebretson Mark J. , Reeves Geoffrey D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimultaneously cycling space weather parameters may show high correlations even if there is no immediate relationship between them. We successfully remove diurnal cycles using spectral subtraction, and remove both diurnal and longer cycles (e.g., the 27 days solar cycle) with a difference transformation. Other methods of diurnal cycle removal (daily averaging, moving averages [MAs], and simpler spectral subtraction using regression) are less successful at removing cycles. We apply spectral subtraction (a finite impulse response equiripple bandstop filter) to hourly electron flux (Los Alamos National Laboratory satellite data) and a ground‐based ULF index to remove a 24 hr noise signal. This results in smoother time series appropriate for short‐term (approximately < 1 week) correlation and observational studies. However, spectral subtraction may not remove longer cycles such as the 27 days and 11 yr solar cycles. A differencing transformation (yt – yt−24) removes not only the 24 hr noise signal but also the 27 days solar cycle, autocorrelation, and longer trends. This results in a low correlation between electron flux and the ULF index over long periods of time (maximum of 0.1). Correlations of electron flux and the ULF index with solar wind velocity (differenced at yt – yt−1) are also lower than previously reported (≤0.1). An autoregressive, MA transfer function model (ARIMAX) shows that there are significant cumulative effects of solar wind velocity on ULF activity over long periods, but correlations of velocity and ULF waves with flux are only seen over shorter time spans of more homogeneous geomagnetic activity levels.
Identifying the Types of Loading Mode for Rock Fracture via Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Song Zhenlong , Zhang Zhenguo , Zhang Gongheng , Huang Jie , Wu Mingyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor decades, monitoring and identification of the dynamic stress states of rock masses in reservoirs have been challenging tasks owing to the lack of effective observation and analysis methods. In this study, we used deep learning methods to identify whether acoustic emission (AE) signals of rock fractures are created by different loading conditions. We performed Brazilian split and uniaxial compressive experiments on six different engineering materials, and we obtained the AE waveforms. To take advantage of the powerful image processing capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we transformed the AE waveforms into time–frequency images. We used five types of CNN to identify the time–frequency images of the AE signals created in the Brazilian split and uniaxial compressive experiments. As a result, we found that Xception model had the highest recognition accuracy. We analyzed the basis of the CNN models to recognize the AE signals using local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations and found that the Xception model mainly used the patterns of the low‐energy region of the time–frequency images to determine the loading modes of the rock fractures. Furthermore, the high‐energy time–frequency region had little effect on recognition. The findings of this work can aid in automatically monitoring the dynamic stress states of fracture areas in reservoir formations and ensure the safety of oil and gas resource exploitation.
Physical and Biogeochemical Influences on Nutrients Through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Insights From Nitrate Isotope Ratios
Authors: Lehmann N. , Kienast M. , Granger J. , Tremblay J.‐É. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) provides a gateway for the flow of nutrients from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic. The transport and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients throughout the CAA, however, are sparsely documented. Here, we report water column nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) collected in a throughflow of the CAA into Baffin Bay, providing insights on inherent nutrient dynamics. The nitracline shoaled eastward into the CAA, wherein large subsurface chlorophyll maxima and coincident increases in δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 indicated enhanced nitrate assimilation relative to the oligotrophic Canada Basin. High δ15NNO3 values characteristic of Pacific Winter Water (PWW) pervaded the Archipelago and Baffin Bay, decreasing eastward due to mixing with underlying Atlantic water (AW)—from the Canada Basin west of Barrow Strait, and from Baffin Bay east thereof. Nearly 25% of nutrients in the central CAA were of Atlantic origin, a substantially larger fraction than surmised previously. Nutrient properties in the CAA were notably not influenced by benthic denitrification. Those in underlying AW in the western CAA, however, were modified by remineralization of Pacific‐sourced nutrients, manifested from increases in δ15NNO3 relative to the Canada Basin. Properties in the eastern CAA exposed the complex hydrography of Baffin Bay, characterized by lateral intrusions of nutrient‐poor winter waters into PWW and of cold mode waters in underlying AW. High δ15NNO3 values in AW revealed the presence of a substantial fraction of N from remineralization, stemming from the high productivity in Baffin Bay fueled by Pacific nutrients.
High-speed identification of suspended carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy and deep learning
Authors: Zhang Jian , Perrin Mickael L. , Barba Luis , Overbeck Jan , Jung Seoho , Grassy Brock , Agal Aryan , Muff Rico , Brönnimann Rolf , Haluska Miroslav , Roman Cosmin , Hierold Christofer , Jaggi Martin , Calame Michel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe identification of nanomaterials with the properties required for energy-efficient electronic systems is usually a tedious human task. A workflow to rapidly localize and characterize nanomaterials at the various stages of their integration into large-scale fabrication processes is essential for quality control and, ultimately, their industrial adoption. In this work, we develop a high-throughput approach to rapidly identify suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by using high-speed Raman imaging and deep learning analysis. Even for Raman spectra with extremely low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 0.9, we achieve a classification accuracy that exceeds 90%, while it reaches 98% for an SNR of 2.2. By applying a threshold on the output of the softmax layer of an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN), we further increase the accuracy of the classification. Moreover, we propose an optimized Raman scanning strategy to minimize the acquisition time while simultaneously identifying the position, amount, and metallicity of CNTs on each sample. Our approach can readily be extended to other types of nanomaterials and has the potential to be integrated into a production line to monitor the quality and properties of nanomaterials during fabrication.
Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations between DNA methylation at birth and childhood cognitive skills
Authors: Caramaschi Doretta , Neumann Alexander , Cardenas Andres , Tindula Gwen , Alemany Silvia , Zillich Lea , Pesce Giancarlo , Lahti Jari M. T. , Havdahl Alexandra , Mulder Rosa , Felix Janine F. , Tiemeier Henning , Sirignano Lea , Frank Josef , Witt Stephanie H. , Rietschel Marcella , Deuschle Michael , Huen Karen , Eskenazi Brenda , Send Tabea Sarah , Ferrer Muriel , Gilles Maria , de Agostini Maria , Baïz Nour , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Kvist Tuomas , Czamara Darina , Tuominen Samuli T. , Relton Caroline L. , Rai Dheeraj , London Stephanie J. , Räikkönen Katri , Holland Nina , Annesi-Maesano Isabella , Streit Fabian , Hivert Marie-France , Oken Emily , Sunyer Jordi , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Sharp Gemma 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCognitive skills are a strong predictor of a wide range of later life outcomes. Genetic and epigenetic associations across the genome explain some of the variation in general cognitive abilities in the general population and it is plausible that epigenetic associations might arise from prenatal environmental exposures and/or genetic variation early in life. We investigated the association between cord blood DNA methylation at birth and cognitive skills assessed in children from eight pregnancy cohorts within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium across overall (totalN = 2196), verbal (totalN = 2206) and non-verbal cognitive scores (totalN = 3300). The associations at single CpG sites were weak for all of the cognitive domains investigated. One region nearDUSP22on chromosome 6 was associated with non-verbal cognition in a model adjusted for maternal IQ. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the idea that variation in cord blood DNA methylation at single CpG sites is associated with cognitive skills and further studies are needed to confirm the association atDUSP22.
PBLD inhibits angiogenesis via impeding VEGF/VEGFR2-mediated microenvironmental cross-talk between HCC cells and endothelial cells
Authors: Han Lu , Lin Xin , Yan Qun , Gu Chuncai , Li Mengshu , Pan Lei , Meng Yan , Zhao Xinmei , Liu Side , Li Aimin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSustained anti-angiogenesis therapy increases the level of tumor hypoxia, leading to increased expression of HIF-1a, thereby contributing to the resistance to anti-angiogenesis therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (PBLD) inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via ERK/HIF-1a/VEGF axis in HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the TCGA database and clinical samples validation also identify a negative correlation between PBLD and angiogenesis-related genes expression including HIF-1a. Apart from the downregulation of HIF-1a/VEGF expression in HCC cells, PBLD also blocks VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells via HCC-derived exosomal miR-940. PBLD also activates TCF4 transcriptional promotion effects on miR-940 by directly interacting with it. Together, PBLD exerts an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis not only via blocking the VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells, but also through downregulating HIF-1a-induced VEGF expression and secretion in HCC cells. These explorations may provide a theoretical basis for exploring new targets and strategies to overcome resistance to anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Mesenchymal stromal cells equipped by IFNα empower T cells with potent anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yu , Li Qing , Lin Liangyu , Xu Chunliang , Xue Yueqing , Hu Mingyuan , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancer treatments have been revolutionized by the emergence of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. However, only a minority of patients with various tumor types have benefited from such treatments. New strategies focusing on the immune contexture of the tumor tissue microenvironment hold great promises. Here, we created IFNα-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells (IFNα-MSCs). Upon direct injection into tumors, we found that these cells are powerful in eliminating several types of tumors. Interestingly, the intra-tumoral injection of IFNα-MSCs could also induce specific anti-tumor effects on distant tumors. These IFNα-MSCs promoted tumor cells to produce CXCL10, which in turn potentiates the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor site. Furthermore, IFNα-MSCs enhanced the expression of granzyme B (GZMB) in CD8+ T cells and invigorated their cytotoxicity in a Stat3-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of Stat3 in CD8+ T cells impaired the effect of IFNα-MSCs on GZMB expression. Importantly, the combination of IFNα-MSCs and PD-L1 blockade induced an even stronger anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, IFNα-MSCs represent a novel tumor immunotherapy strategy, especially when combined with PD-L1 blockade.
Intratumor genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution to decode endometrial cancer progression
Authors: Mota Alba , Oltra Sara S. , Selenica Pier , Moiola Cristian P. , Casas-Arozamena Carlos , López-Gil Carlos , Diaz Eva , Gatius Sonia , Ruiz-Miro María , Calvo Ana , Rojo-Sebastián Alejandro , Hurtado Pablo , Piñeiro Roberto , Colas Eva , Gil-Moreno Antonio , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Muinelo-Romay Laura , Abal Miguel , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Weigelt Britta , Moreno-Bueno Gema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnalyzing different tumor regions by next generation sequencing allows the assessment of intratumor genetic heterogeneity (ITGH), a phenomenon that has been studied widely in some tumor types but has been less well explored in endometrial carcinoma (EC). In this study, we sought to characterize the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of 9 different ECs using whole-exome sequencing, and by performing targeted sequencing validation of the 42 primary tumor regions and 30 metastatic samples analyzed. In addition, copy number alterations of serous carcinomas were assessed by comparative genomic hybridization arrays. From the somatic mutations, identified by whole-exome sequencing, 532 were validated by targeted sequencing. Based on these data, the phylogenetic tree reconstructed for each case allowed us to establish the tumors’ evolution and correlate this to tumor progression, prognosis, and the presence of recurrent disease. Moreover, we studied the genetic landscape of an ambiguous EC and the molecular profile obtained was used to guide the selection of a potential personalized therapy for this patient, which was subsequently validated by preclinical testing in patient-derived xenograft models. Overall, our study reveals the impact of analyzing different tumor regions to decipher the ITGH in ECs, which could help make the best treatment decision.