bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal telemedicine during COVID-19: patterns of use and barriers to access
Authors: Morgan Allie , Goodman Daisy , Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Cass Ilana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate patient experience with a prenatal telemedicine visit and identify barriers to accessing telemedicine among rural pregnant people in northern New England during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a postvisit electronic survey of pregnant people who successfully participated in a prenatal telemedicine visit at a rural academic medical center in Northern New England. Nineteen questions were included in 5 domains: (1) engagement with prenatal care; (2) barriers to telemedicine and in person healthcare; (3) experience of prenatal care; (4) remote pregnancy surveillance tools; and (5) sources of COVID-19 information.

Results
Responses were obtained from 164 pregnant people. Forty percent of participants had participated in an audio-only telemedicine visit, and 60% in a video telemedicine visit. The visit was easy or somewhat easy for 79% of respondents and somewhat difficult or difficult for 6.8%. The most common barrier to accessing telemedicine was poor internet or phone connectivity, followed by childcare responsibilities, lack of equipment, and lack of privacy. Participants also engaged in additional remote prenatal care including phone calls with registered nurses (7.6%), communication with the obstetrics team through a secure health messaging portal (21.1%), and home health monitoring (76.3%).

Discussion and Conclusions
In this survey, evaluating the experience of pregnant people participating in a prenatal telemedicine visit during the COVID-19 pandemic, respondents had a positive experience with telemedicine overall, but also identified significant barriers to participation including issues with connectivity and lack of equipment for the visit. Most participants used telemedicine in combination with other tools for remote self-care.
A global overview of climate change impacts on freshwater decapods: substantial research gaps across taxa and biogeographic regions
Authors: Toh Elysia X P , Gan Lydia X , Yeo Darren C J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFreshwater decapod crustaceans, with representatives from four main taxonomic groups (Anomura, Astacidea, Brachyura, Caridea), form a large and prominent functional group distributed globally across all types of freshwater habitats. Freshwater decapods play critical ecological roles in aquatic communities and ecosystems, and at the same time have widespread cultural and economic significance. A large proportion of freshwater decapods are imperilled by threats including pollution, habitat loss, invasive species, and importantly, climate change. Direct impacts of climate change, as well as its synergistic effects with other threats, pose a substantial but potentially understudied and possibly even underestimated risk to the conservation of freshwater decapod crustaceans. We assessed patterns of climate change impacts on freshwater decapods, as well as the extent of related research, at a global scale. Based on a comprehensive literature survey of all years up to November 2019, we found that only 49 publications, starting from the first relevant article in 2003, contained empirical evidence of climate change effects on freshwater decapods, with a total of 145 native and 11 non-native freshwater decapod species studied in relation to climate change. Climate-change research has also been increasing for all four groups, but more than half of the literature included the freshwater crayfishes Astacidea. We also found a strong bias towards the Australasian region in climate-change research in freshwater decapods, while no published studies were recorded in the Oceania biogeographic region. Importantly, almost three-quarters of native freshwater decapod species studied were projected/reported to be significantly affected by climate change, while more than 90% of the non-native freshwater decapod species studied were projected/reported to be significantly affected by climate change. Considering the severe impacts demonstrated for several species, and coupled with the notable taxonomic and geographic gaps in research into the rest of the freshwater decapods, there is an urgent need for greater representation in climate-change research across species and in regions of high diversity (such as the Neotropical, Afrotropical, and Indomalayan regions), in order for conservation interventions and measures to be beneficial to the most threatened groups.
Effect of daily salinity fluctuation on the intraspecific interactions of a euhalophyte (Suaeda salsa) along a salinity gradient
Authors: Ma Hua , Cui Li-Juan , Li Wei , Ning Yu , Lei Yin-Ru , Pan Xu , Wang Yi-Fei , Zhang Man-Yin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeterogeneity of soil salinity is a prominent environmental characteristic in the intertidal zone of estuaries, affecting the plant growth and the shift of biotic interactions in the salt marsh. This study aims to examine the interactive effects of a salinity gradient and salinity fluctuations on intraspecific interactions of a euhalophyte. We assessed the impact of daily fluctuating salinity on the outcome of intraspecific interactions by cultivating seeds of Suaeda salsa (Chenopodiaceae) in river sand. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three treatments: daily salinity fluctuations (static and fluctuating salinity), a salinity gradient (200 and 400 mmol L−1) and three planting densities (1, 2 and 4 plants/pot). First, height and biomass of plants were measured at both the start and end of the experiment. Then, the growth indexes and log response ratio of S. salsa were analyzed. The outcome of intraspecific interactions of S. salsa shifted from competition in low salinity to facilitation in high salinity, and high conspecific density strengthened the competition and facilitation intensities. Daily salinity fluctuation did not significantly affect the plant growth and the outcome of intraspecific interactions, but did have a significant influence on belowground biomass. Our results suggest that the stress-gradient hypothesis may apply to predicting the variation of the intraspecific relationship of a salt-tolerant species along a salinity gradient, and the magnitude of this variation is density dependent. These findings help us understand how individuals and populations of a euhalophyte species respond to the natural variation or human modification of salinity conditions.
Scaling relations for globular cluster systems in early-type galaxies – II. Is there an environmental dependence?
Authors: De Bórtoli Bruno J , Caso Juan P , Ennis Ana I , Bassino Lilia P 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The current properties of globular cluster systems (GCSs) are the result of the evolution experienced by their host galaxies, which shape the richness of the GCS as well as its spatial distribution, among other features. We carry out an analysis of the projected radial distribution of globular clusters for a sample of almost 30 early-type galaxies (ETGs) of intermediate and low luminosity, located in cluster environments (Virgo, Fornax, and Coma). We also include in the study six ETGs, for which the parameters of their GCS radial profiles are publicly available. The final analysis is performed on an enlarged sample (∼100 GCSs), by adding the GCSs of ETGs from our previous paper (Paper I). Scaling relations involving different parameters of the GCSs are obtained for the whole sample and complement those obtained in Paper I. Several of such relations point to a second-order dependence on the environmental density. Finally, the results are analysed in the literature context.
Association between sleep disordered breathing in early pregnancy and glucose metabolism
Authors: Sanapo Laura , Bublitz Margaret H , Bai Alice , Mehta Niharika , Messerlian Geralyn M , Catalano Patrick , Bourjeily Ghada 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the association between maternal sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and glucose metabolism in early gestation.

Methods
Women with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 and singleton pregnancies underwent in-home sleep study (HSAT) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in early pregnancy. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA %B) were derived. Exclusion criteria included pregestational diabetes, use of continuous positive airway pressure and chronic steroid therapy. We performed linear regression analyses to evaluate the association between continuous measures of SDB (respiratory event index (REI), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI)) and glucose metabolism parameters (HOMA-IR and HOMA %B). Analyses were adjusted for a set of a priori selected variables which included gestational age, maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, race, and parity.

Results
One hundred and ninety-two pregnant women with median (interquartile range) BMI of 35.14 (8.30) kg/m2 underwent HSAT and HOMA assessment at 11.14 (3) and 15.35 (4.14) gestational weeks, respectively. REI and ODI, as continuous values, were associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for covariates. OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) diagnosis (REI &gt; 5 events per hour) was not associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for BMI (p ≥ 0.05). None of the parameters were associated with HOMA %B (p &gt; 0.07).

Conclusions
SDB and insulin resistance are associated in early pregnancy, with a dose response association between respiratory event index severity and insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to establish if pregnant women with overweight and obesity may benefit from early SDB screening to improve glucose metabolic outcome.
Clinical trials: NCT02412696, Positive Airway Pressure, Sleep Apnea, and the Placenta (PAP-SAP) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02412696?term=Bourjeily&draw=2&rank=2 and NCT02917876, Predictors of De-novo Development of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy (Predictors) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02917876?term=Bourjeily&draw=2&rank=1
Neural Adaptation of the Electrically Stimulated Auditory Nerve Is Not Affected by Advanced Age in Postlingually Deafened, Middle-aged, and Elderly Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: He Shuman , Skidmore Jeffrey , Conroy Sara , Riggs William J. , Carter Brittney L. , Xie Ruili 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the associations between advanced age and the amount and the speed of neural adaptation of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve (AN) in postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) users.

Design:
Study participants included 26 postlingually deafened adult CI users, ranging in age between 28.7 and 84.0 years (mean: 63.8 years, SD: 14.4 years) at the time of testing. All study participants used a Cochlear Nucleus device with a full electrode array insertion in the test ear. The stimulus was a 100-ms pulse train with a pulse rate of 500, 900, 1800, or 2400 pulses per second (pps) per channel. The stimulus was presented at the maximum comfortable level measured at 2400 pps with a presentation rate of 2 Hz. Neural adaptation of the AN was evaluated using electrophysiological measures of the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP). The amount of neural adaptation was quantified by the adaptation index (AI) within three time windows: around 0 to 8 ms (window 1), 44 to 50 ms (window 2), and 94 to 100 ms (window 3). The speed of neural adaptation was quantified using a two-parameter power law estimation. In 23 participants, four electrodes across the electrode array were tested. In three participants, three electrodes were tested. Results measured at different electrode locations were averaged for each participant at each pulse rate to get an overall representation of neural adaptation properties of the AN across the cochlea. Linear-mixed models (LMMs) were used (1) to evaluate the effects of age at testing and pulse rate on the speed of neural adaptation and (2) to assess the effects of age at testing, pulse rate, and duration of stimulation (i.e., time window) on the amount of neural adaptation in these participants.

Results:
There was substantial variability in both the amount and the speed of neural adaptation of the AN among study participants. The amount and the speed of neural adaptation increased at higher pulse rates. In addition, larger amounts of adaptation were observed for longer durations of stimulation. There was no significant effect of age on the speed or the amount of neural adaptation.

Conclusions:
The amount and the speed of neural adaptation of the AN are affected by both the pulse rate and the duration of stimulation, with higher pulse rates and longer durations of stimulation leading to faster and greater neural adaptation. Advanced age does not affect neural adaptation of the AN in postlingually deafened, middle-aged and elderly adult CI users.
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) training reduces stigma and prepares orthopaedic providers to identify and intervene in opioid misuse: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mierisch Cassandra , Hartman Cheryl , Quinn Caleb , Hartman David 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Despite the evolution of responsible opioid prescription for musculoskeletal pain, patients remain at risk for opioid problematic use, misuse, and addiction. Screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based practice to identify, reduce, and prevent those outcomes. This pilot study investigated the use of SBIRT practices developed to target opioid misuse in the orthopaedic practice environment and its applicability in the orthopaedic population.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, 19 orthopaedic providers underwent SBIRT training. Participants reported on their use of SBIRT over 6 wk and completed the Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS).

Results:
Twelve participants successfully implemented SBIRT, screening an average of 58.5% of patients. Seventeen percent of patients screened to an elevated risk level. Patients who screened as medium or high risk were 5.8 and 8.4 times more likely, respectively, to receive intervention compared with patients who screened to low risk or not screened (P<0.01). Regard for patients with opioid use for pain increased from an MCRS score of 44.6 to 52.5 (P<0.01). Ninety-five percent of participants found the training useful, and 89% would recommend the training to a colleague.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated integration of SBIRT practices into an orthopaedic environment in which a significant proportion of orthopaedic patients screened to elevated risk of opioid misuse and qualified for brief intervention by the orthopaedic provider. SBIRT training had a positive impact on opioid-use stigma, a recognized barrier to care. Further study is warranted to determine the effect on patient outcomes and optimal implementation strategy.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
The association between opioid misuse or abuse and hospital-based, acute care after spinal surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rogozinski Jonathan A. , Flanigan Trenden L. , Kayanja Mark , Chen Roy J. , Fox Lieutenant Colonel Justin P. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Despite a growing prevalence of opioid use, the impact of opioid misuse or abuse (OMA) on surgical outcomes after spinal fusion surgery is ill-defined. This study was conducted to describe the relationship between a patient’s history of OMA and postoperative outcomes.

Methods:
Using the 2008-2013 Florida, Nebraska, and New York state inpatient databases, the authors identified adult patients who underwent thoracolumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disc disease and postsurgical syndromes. Patients were then subgrouped according to a history of OMA. Regression models were used to describe the association between a history of OMA and in-hospital outcomes, hospital based, acute care after discharge, and subsequent encounters for OMA.

Results:
The final sample included 73,442 patients including 1,332 patients with a history of OMA. Patients with this history tended to be younger, have a history of smoking (63.7% vs. 30.9%) and chronic pain (20.9% vs. 2.0%), and have revision surgery (5.6% vs. 3.9%). In the adjusted analyses, patients with a history of OMA had longer lengths of stay (4.5 vs. 3.8 days), higher healthcare charges ($129,264 vs. $118,065), and were more likely be readmitted within 1 yr (adjusted odds ratio=2.88), including hospital encounters which were OMA-specific 16.3% vs. 0.8).

Conclusions:
Patients with a history of OMA consume greater healthcare resources following spinal fusion surgery. It is important to identify these at-risk patients prior to surgery so their care can be tailored appropriately.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Length of hospital stay and mortality of hip fracture surgery in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tayyebi Hamed , Hasanikhah Masoud , Heidarikhoo Mohamadreza , Fakoor Sajad , Aminian Amir 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who undergo hip fracture surgery are expected to have worse outcomes because they are vulnerable to developing COVID-19-associated complications. The present review attempted to assess the in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates as well as the length of hospital stay in patients with COVID-19 infection who had hip fracture surgery.

Methods:
Two authors independently searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, and Embase, based on the MeSH-matched scientific keywords. The nine-star Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scoring system was employed to assess the methodological quality of all eligible studies.

Results:
Eleven cohort studies that included 336 patients comprised the study. Three studies reported in-hospital mortality. Eight studies reported 30-day postoperative mortality. The pooled in-hospital mortality rate was 29.8% (95% CI: 26.6%-35.6%). The pooled 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 35.0% (95% CI: 29.9%-40.5%). The mean hospital stay was 11.29 days (95% CI: 10.65 days-11.94 days).

Conclusions:
The rates of in-hospital and 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients who undergo hip fracture surgery is high. These data suggest delaying hip fracture surgery until COVID-19 infection of the patients is controlled.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Controversies in the management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in skeletally immature patients: a literature review of current treatment options
Authors: Selim Amr , Osmani Humza Tariq , Khan Wasim , Pengas Ioannis 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Despite an increasing incidence of injury, there continues to be a paucity of literature, when compared with adult cohorts, for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption in skeletally immature patients. The detrimental long-term effects of chondral or meniscal damage resulting from an ACL deficient and unstable knee, has led most contemporary orthopaedic surgeons to opt for surgical intervention rather than nonoperative management. However, high failure rates in the young and adolescent group after formal ACL reconstruction, along with the potential risks of physeal disturbance, have been highlighted as a cause for concern. The aim of this review was to provide the state of art management of ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients based on the current evidence.

Methods:
A literature review on the different management options of ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients was conducted. The authors searched PubMed entries from inception until April 2021. The search was performed with the search terms “ACL injuries” AND “skeletally immature”.

Results:
A comprehensive search related to the management of “ACL injuries” generated 13,157 results. Thus, search was narrowed to include the term “children” to focus our study on 570 papers. To further refine our search, we included the terms “ACL injuries” AND “skeletally immature,” which produced 327 results.

Conclusion:
This review highlights pros and cons of current treatment options, based on available evidence, including a detailed assessment of factors affecting the success of repairing the ACL. Overall, further Level 1 studies are necessary to improve the available evidence.

Level of Evidence:
Level I.
Incidence of Subsequent Surgical Intervention at Short-term Follow-up in Previously Healing and Stable Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
Authors: Metz Allan K. , Riederer Mark , Gagnier Joel , Crawford Eileen A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a defect of subchondral bone seen primarily in active children and adolescents. Studies have evaluated the incidence of surgery in knee OCD, but the incidence of subsequent surgery in patients with stable, healing lesions cleared to return to activities is unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of surgery in participants with knee OCD lesions cleared to return to activities and evaluate predictors of subsequent surgery.

Methods:
A single center, retrospective review was performed of participants aged 7 to 18 with knee OCD. Inclusion criteria were stable lesion, skeletal immaturity, no history of previous knee surgery, release to activity without surgery, and at least 12 months of follow-up. Documentation of subsequent surgery was queried in the electronic health record. Participants with no recorded surgery were contacted through phone. Analysis included bivariate and logistic regression.

Results:
Twenty-five individuals were included in this study, with 7 undergoing surgery after returning to activity. Medial femoral condyle lesions were less likely to undergo surgery (B=−2.6, P=0.038). Average lesion size for the Surgery and No Surgery groups was 1.76±0.65 and 1.32±0.81 cm2, respectively, though not significantly different (P=0.21). The Surgery group returned to activity sooner (3.7 mo, range 1.1 to 6.4) than the No Surgery group (8.1 mo, range 1.8 to 35.4), though not significantly different (P=0.18). Mean follow-up time for the study was 42.7 (range 12.6 to 77.6) months. No participants contacted by phone progressed to surgery or reported symptoms that limited their activities.

Conclusions:
While the majority of participants with stable, healing, and asymptomatic knee OCD lesions have favorable outcomes with nonoperative management, some lesions may progress to surgery. Lesions on the medial femoral condyle may be predictive of lower likelihood of progression to surgery. Our study provides insight on the outcomes of nonoperative management of OCD lesions.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—prognostic study.