bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLBI observations of GRB 201015A, a relatively faint GRB with a hint of very high-energy gamma-ray emission
Authors: Giarratana S. , Rhodes L. , Marcote B. , Fender R. , Ghirlanda G. , Giroletti M. , Nava L. , Paredes J. M. , Ravasio M. E. , Ribó M. , Patel M. , Rastinejad J. , Schroeder G. , Fong W. , Gompertz B. P. , Levan A. J. , O’Brien P. 
Published: June 2022

Context. A total of four long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been confirmed at very high-energy (≥100GeV) with high significance, and any possible peculiarities of these bursts will become clearer as the number of detected events increases. Multi-wavelength follow-up campaigns are required to extract information on the physical conditions within the jets that lead to the very high-energy counterpart, hence they are crucial to reveal the properties of this class of bursts.
Aims. GRB 201015A is a long-duration GRB detected using the MAGIC telescopes from ~40 s after the burst. If confirmed, this would be the fifth and least luminous GRB ever detected at these energies. The goal of this work is to constrain the global and microphysical parameters of its afterglow phase, and to discuss the main properties of this burst in a broader context.
Methods. Since the radio band, together with frequent optical and X-ray observations, proved to be a fundamental tool for overcoming the degeneracy in the afterglow modelling, we performed a radio follow-up of GRB 201015A over 12 different epochs, from 1.4 days (2020 October 17) to 117 days (2021 February 9) post-burst, with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, e-MERLIN, and the European VLBI Network. We include optical and X-ray observations, performed respectively with the Multiple Mirror Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, together with publicly available data, in order to build multi-wavelength light curves and to compare them with the standard fireball model.
Results. We detected a point-like transient, consistent with the position of GRB 201015A until 23 and 47 days post-burst at 1.5 and 5 GHz, respectively. No emission was detected in subsequent radio observations. The source was also detected in optical (1.4 and 2.2 days post-burst) and in X-ray (8.4 and 13.6 days post-burst) observations.
Conclusions. The multi-wavelength afterglow light curves can be explained with the standard model for a GRB seen on-axis, which expands and decelerates into a medium with a homogeneous density. A circumburst medium with a wind-like profile is disfavoured. Notwithstanding the high resolution provided by the VLBI, we could not pinpoint any expansion or centroid displacement of the outflow. If the GRB is seen at the viewing angle θ that maximises the apparent velocity βapp (i.e. θ ~ βapp-1), we estimate that the Lorentz factor for the possible proper motion is Гα ≤ 40 in right ascension and Гδ ≤ 61 in declination. On the other hand, if the GRB is seen on-axis, the size of the afterglow is ≤5pc and ≤16pc at 25 and 47 days. Finally, the early peak in the optical light curve suggests the presence of a reverse shock component before 0.01 days from the burst.
ESC-Leitlinien 2021 zur Herzschrittmacher- und kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie – Systemwahl
Authors: Lemke Bernd 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie neuen ESC-Leitlinien haben gegenüber den vorherigen Leitlinien die Systematik teilweise verändert, kommen aber bei den herkömmlichen Schrittmacherindikationen und der hieraus
abgeleiteten Systemwahl zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. Als Standardoption wird bei allen Patienten ohne Vorhofflimmern ein Zweikammer-Schrittmacher (DDD) empfohlen. Dabei wird gefordert,
durch ein AV-Management (AVM) die ventrikuläre Impulsabgabe möglichst zu minimieren. Bei den erweiterten Indikationen im Bereich der AV-Blockierungen und Reizleitungsstörungen entsteht
dagegen durch die stärkere Berücksichtigung der kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie (CRT) und der Neuaufnahme der His-Bündel-Stimulation (HBP) ein sehr viel komplexeres Bild der
Therapiemöglichkeiten. Bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz und eingeschränkter LV-Funktion (HFrEF) wird bei verbreitertem QRS-Komplex (> 130 ms), vor allem bei
Linksschenkelblock-Morphologie, die Implantation eines CRT-Systems empfohlen. Erstmals wurde die His-Bündel-Stimulation für Patienten, bei denen eine Koronarsinuselektrode nicht erfolgreich
zu platzieren ist, und für Patienten mit einer LVEF > 40% und über 20% ventrikuläre Stimulation in die Leitlinien aufgenommen.
Digitale Transformation des Gesundheitswesens – eine
Delphi-Studie der Arbeitsgruppen Digital Health und Validierung und Linkage von
Sekundärdaten des Deutschen Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung
(DNVF)
Authors: Vollmar Horst Christian , Lemmen Clarissa , Kramer Ursula , Richter Jutta G. , Fiebig Madlen , Hoffmann Falk , Redaèlli Marcus 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die digitale Transformation im Gesundheitswesen ist auch
für die Versorgungsforschung von elementarer Bedeutung. Daher sollten
Experten und Expertinnen Themenschwerpunkte für eine mittelfristige
Strategie des Deutschen Netzwerks für Versorgungsforschung konsentieren
und priorisieren sowie eine allgemeine Entwicklung von Digital Health im Kontext
der Versorgungsforschung einordnen.
Methodik Im Zeitraum von April bis September 2018 wurden die
Arbeitsgruppen „Digital Health“ und „Validierung und
Linkage von Sekundärdaten“ des Deutschen Netzwerk
Versorgungsforschung mit dem methodischen Ansatz einer Delphi Studie zur
Online-gestützten Abgabe ihrer Expertise gebeten. Dafür wurde
ein mehrstufiges modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren mit quantitativen und
qualitativen Ansätzen gewählt. Initial wurde aus den
veröffentlichten Positionspapieren zu digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen
und Medizin-Apps des Netzwerks ein erster Thesenkatalog ausgearbeitet. Insgesamt
konnten 131 Statements formuliert werden. Das finale Erhebungsinstrument
umfasste Fragen zum biografischen Hintergrund der Teilnehmer*innen, 42
entwickelte Items (33 Statements und 8 offene Fragen) und ein Freitextfeld, um
weitere Aspekte zu ergänzen. Die Thesenbewertung erfolgte mit einer
fünfstufigen Likert-Skala. Bei einem Zustimmungsgrad ab 75%
wurde ein Statement angenommen.
Ergebnisse Von den 110 potenziellen Teilnehmenden nahmen an der ersten
Runde der Delphi-Befragung 50 (46%) und an der zweiten Runde 39 Personen
(36%) teil. In Runde eins gab es bei 24 von 33 Statements ein
eindeutiges Ergebnis, 20 Statements wurde „zugestimmt“ und vier
wurden „abgelehnt“. Neun Statements lagen zwischen 60 und
75% und wurden in Runde zwei den Teilnehmenden nochmals zur Bewertung
vorgelegt. In der zweiten Runde wurde von diesen neun Statements vier Statements
„zugestimmt“ und fünf Statements wurden
„abgelehnt“. Als besonderer Fokus hat sich in dieser
Delphi-Studie die „Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz“
herauskristallisiert.
Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Delphi-Studie wurden unter
Beteiligung von Experten und Expertinnen mögliche Themenschwerpunkte der
Arbeitsgruppe Digital Health ausgewählt, priorisiert und
zukünftige Entwicklungen von Digital Health im Kontext der
Versorgungsforschung eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse spiegeln sowohl die
Erwartungen und Interessen der Mitglieder*innen wieder, sind
weitestgehend kohärent mit den Empfehlungen des Gutachtens
„Digitalisierung für Gesundheit“ vom
Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der Entwicklung im
Gesundheitswesen.
Factors Contributing to the Need for Non-Elective Explant following Surgical Repair of Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Arun Aparna , Park Stephanie J. , Pavia Philippa R. , Kalafut Sarah R. , Hofmeister Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to the need for non-elective explant following surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures.Study Design Retrospective multicentre case–control study. Over a 5-year period, dogs (n = 63) that underwent surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures (n = 64) were considered. Dogs that underwent a non-elective explant were compared with those that did not. Continuous variables were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared with the Fisher's exact test. Variables which were significant on univariate analysis were entered into a multiple logistic regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Results Non-elective explant was performed in 20/64 fractures and elective explant was performed in 2/64 fractures. Neutered dogs were found to be 19 times (95% confidence interval: 2.1–172) more likely to require explant compared with intact dogs (p = 0.009). Every 0.25 mm increase in average pin size was found to make it 2.5 times (95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.9) more likely to require explant (p = 0.006).Conclusion The findings suggest that use of the smallest appropriate pin should be considered for standard surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures to minimize the risk of requiring non-elective explant.
Automatic construction of a dictionary of variant forms of Chinese characters
Authors: Shi Xiaodong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many Chinese characters have more than one form of writing owing to complex nature of creation and long evolvement
history of writing. Most existing Chinese dictionaries list these variant forms but do not explain in a systematic way why a
specific character is a variant form of another, and only list a few older key bibliographies, many of which are themselves
dictionaries of various forms. In this article we present a new theory and practice of how to determine whether a Chinese
character is a variant of another, and show how we can deduce a dictionary of variant characters automatically from a corpus of
ancient Chinese texts totaling 2.3 billion characters with artificial intelligence techniques. Results show that in over 74,000
instances of identified variant character groups, more than 20,000 new instances are found by our algorithm. We have then compiled
all the instances into a dictionary and call it Dictionary of Chinese Variant Words (異體字詞典, Yiti Zi Cidian). The key insight of our theory
is to find synonymous words with variant characters. The dictionary has already been put online for several years and everyone can
freely access and edit it like the way they do on Wikipedia.
Integrated cooling system for microfluidic PDMS devices used in biological microscopy studies
Authors: Khaji Zahra , Tenje Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, a two-channel, water-based cooling system was integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microfluidic device for application in single-cell biological studies. This system is designed to cool living cells to single-digit temperatures in situ, without requiring any features of the electron-beam fabricated master mould to be changed, and without interfering either biologically or optically with the cells themselves. The temperature profile inside the device was mapped using multiple thermocouples mounted inside the device, over time. A parametric study including coolant flow rate, distance between the cooling channel and the fluidic channel, and number of active cooling channels was performed to evaluate the performance of the system. By using ice water as the coolant, we have demonstrated stable on-chip cooling reaching an average temperature of 4.9 °C when operated at a coolant flow rate of 23 ml min−1 and using two active cooling channels, positioned only 400 µm away from the cell trapping sites. The maximum observed temperature deviation during an 80 min stability test was ±0.2 °C. We have observed that flowing room temperature culture media through the device with active cooling had no influence on the temperature inside the chip, demonstrating its suitability for use in live cell culture experiments. Finally, we have also demonstrated that the active cooling system successfully decreased the cell metabolism of trapped Escherichia coli resulting in a decreased growth rate of the bacteria.
Terahertz characterization of graphene conductivity via time-domain reflection spectroscopy on metal-backed dielectric substrates
Authors: Fuscaldo Walter , De Simone Sara , Dimitrov Dimitre , Marinova Vera , Mussi Valentina , Beccherelli Romeo , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A theoretical and experimental framework for the characterization of the terahertz (THz) conductivity of graphene on metal-backed substrates is presented. Analytical equations are derived for the general problem of oblique incidence of the THz beam in a time-domain spectroscopic (TDS) setup working in reflection. The recorded time-domain signals are post-processed in order to retrieve the substrate thickness, its dielectric frequency dispersion, and the complex graphene conductivity frequency dispersion, which is described by a generalized Drude–Smith model. The method is tested on two samples of chemical vapor deposited graphene, transferred on polyethylene terephthalate and cyclo-olefin polymeric substrates of sub-millimetric thickness, and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. By working only with the amplitude spectra, the proposed method circumvents issues stemming from phase uncertainties that typically affect TDS measurements in reflection mode. More important, it allows for a rapid, nondestructive characterization of graphene sheets that can be directly integrated in the production flow of graphene-based passive or active components employing metal-backed resonant cavities, such as THz absorbers, metasurface lenses, or leaky-wave antennas.
Preparation of multi-function graphene materials through electrode-distance controlled electrochemical exfoliation
Authors: Liang Zhiwei , Chen Jie , Tian Wensheng , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Cao Dawei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Preparation of graphene materials with different microstructures is of great significance for the specific applications in various areas. Here, a modified electrochemical exfoliation method with controlled electrode distance is proposed to prepare exfoliated graphene, graphene quantum dots, and graphene oxide (EGr, EGQD, and EGO). Compared with electrolysis at a fixed location, the modified electrode distance can effectively tune the insertion speed and direction, as well as the kinetic rates of exfoliation processes. Specifically, at a short electrode distance of 3 cm, it produced high-quality EGr with the size above 5 μm and thickness below 5 layers; when the electrode distance increased to 30 cm, EGQD with the size below 5 nm was produced. Further, the distance between 3 and 30 cm facilitates producing EGO with ca. 15% O content. In addition, it is found that the reaction temperature, optimized electrolyte, and controlled potential can further optimize the exfoliation processes, which can achieve a high exfoliation rate of ca. 2000, 140, and 1500 g h−1 for EGr, EGQD, and EGO preparation in an industrial-scale system, respectively. These modified graphene materials can be directly applied in various areas. For example, EGr can act as an effective component to increase one order of the dielectric property of PVDF; EGQD can effectively generate a PL spectrum at ca. 550 nm; EGO can facilely form a conductive and flexible film through self-assembly.
Static properties of a spool on an incline: an IBSE lecture proposal
Authors: De Luca R , Faella O 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The static equilibrium properties of a spool, resting on an incline and subject to the tension exerted by a string wrapped around the core cylinder, are studied by means of Newtonian mechanics. The overall behaviour of this system is imagined to be similar to that of a doggie kept on a leash. Starting from the well-known mechanical properties of the spool on a horizontal plane, this analogy is used to construct an inquiry-based-learning lecture adopting the BSCS 5E instructional model. In this approach the static properties of the spool on the incline are used to conceive an Extend phase.
Observation of currentless redox reactions on surface of water jet immersed in low-pressure plasma
Authors: Ito Takeshi , Sakka Tetsuo , Sasaki Koichi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigated oxidation–reduction reactions on the surface of water jet immersed in a low-pressure inductively coupled helium plasma. The electrical potential of the water jet was floating, and no electrical current was supplied from the plasma to the water jet. We observed the productions of molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen. We also observed negligible consumption of water vapor in the gas phase, suggesting that the productions of hydrogen and oxygen were not owing to the conversion from water vapor. When we employed silver nitrate solution instead of pure water, we observed the decrease in the production rate of hydrogen, whereas the production rate of oxygen was the same in pure water and silver nitrate solution. In addition, we found the synthesis of silver particulates in the silver nitrate solution, indicating the competition between the reductions of H+ and Ag+. Thus, the experimental results reveal the simultaneous oxidation and reduction at the same plasma–liquid interface.
Modelling of dcMS and HiPIMS process with hydrocarbon gas admixture
Authors: Fekete M , Kroker M , Souček P , Klein P , Vašina P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Magnetron sputtering in an argon and hydrocarbon gas mixture is a complex deposition process exhibiting features of both physical vapour deposition and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The hydrocarbon gas decomposes within the plasma and then it is able to form a carbide phase with the target metal atoms or to be deposited as amorphous carbon. In this paper, a simple model for both the direct current (dcMS) and the high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) processes with hydrocarbon gas admixture is presented. The sputtered target racetrack is divided into metallic, compound, and carbon fractions to take into account both the carbide formation and the carbon deposition. To simulate the HiPIMS process, the back-attraction of ionised sputtered metal particles is incorporated into the model. The model is cross-validated with the previously published experiments which were conducted using the same deposition apparatus allowing for the direct comparison of the dcMS and HiPIMS processes. The simulated results correlate with the measured dependencies of the deposition rate, the carbon content in deposited films, and the racetrack fractions on the acetylene supply rate. The presented model is further successfully validated with the evolution of the racetrack composition calculated by SDTrimSP.
CO2 gas sensor based on Pt-, Ag-, Au- and Pd-doped InSe monolayer: a first-principles study
Authors: Cheng Wenming , Ni Jiaming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Through a first-principles study based on density functional theory, a physical model of CO2 gas molecule adsorption on an InSe monolayer was designed and built. The geometric structures of the InSe monolayer doped with different transition metal elements were optimized, and the spin-polarized energy band structure and magnetoelectric properties, such as the density of states, semimetallicity and magnetic moment of nanosheets with stable adsorbed phases, were calculated. The microscopic mechanism of these properties was analyzed by crystal field theory, and it was found that InSe monolayers are typical semiconductors, but transition metal–InSe monolayers can conduct electricity and are typical semi-metallic nanosheets. Second, the adsorption mechanism of CO2 gas molecule adsorption on InSe monolayers is studied. The calculation results show that when the O atom of the CO2 gas molecule is adsorbed on the surface of an InSe monolayer, the adsorption structure is relatively stable. The surface adsorption is mainly due to the transition of electrons on the InSe monolayer surface to the CO2 gas molecule. The doping of metal atoms gives CO2 gas molecules strong adsorption energy, promotes the magnetic properties of the adsorption system, and completes the transition from semiconductor to metal. The change of the work function of the adsorption system before and after doping indicates that this doping method can also enhance the sensitivity of the InSe monolayer to CO2 gas molecules.
Through-silicon-via induced stress-aware FinFET buffer sizing in 3D ICs
Authors: Yadav Sarita , Chauhan Nitanshu , Chawla Raghav , Sharma Arvind , Banchhor Shashank , Pratap Rajendra , Anand Bulusu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to keep up with scaling trends, significant efforts are being undertaken in the direction of vertical stacking of integrated circuits. With advancements in packaging technology, chips are being stacked atop each other using through-silicon-vias (TSVs). The fabrication process for TSVs on a silicon substrate for these 3D integrated circuits (ICs) introduces mechanical stresses that in turn affect the electrical parameters of the surrounding transistors depending on their orientation and distance from the TSV. This introduces significant variability in key performance metrics, especially when the devices operate at lower than nominal supply voltages. In this work, a complete methodology is developed to predict the impact on the delay of a buffer chain designed using Fin Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs) around the TSV. First, an analytical model is developed to predict the normal stress components in the silicon wafer due to the TSV, which is subsequently converted in a layout-dependent model for variations in key device-level parameters. Subsequently, a modified logical effort-based model is proposed to predict the delay of a buffer chain designed around the TSV.
A brief review of the physical properties of charge density wave superconductor LaPt2Si2
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Thamizhavel A , Rajeev K P , Hossain Z 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study of materials with multiple phases, such as superconductivity (SC) coexisting with charge density wave (CDW) or spin density wave (SDW) instability, attracts considerable interest from the condensed matter research community. The CDW superconductors started drawing in heaps of attention soon after the discovery of CDW instability in high-T

c
cuprates, where understanding the underlying superconducting mechanism of the latter may turn out to be path-breaking for the discovery of room temperature SC. Understanding the pairing mechanism of high-T

c
superconductors necessitates less complex systems and this makes searching for CDW superconductors all the more important. Such systems avoid the additional complexity in contrast to the well-sought after Fe-based superconductors, which show more competing orders like SDW, nematicity and SC. RPt2Si2 (R = La, Pr, Eu) is a recently discovered series of materials, members of which crystallizes in CaBe2Ge2 type structure which has a close resemblance to the ThCr2Si2 type structure commonly found in pnictide-122 superconductors. This review is focused on LaPt2Si2, which undergoes a structural transition from high-temperature tetragonal to low-temperature orthorhombic structure, accompanied by a CDW transition around 112 K, which is then followed by a superconducting transition below 1.8 K. We discuss the physical properties of single crystal and polycrystalline LaPt2Si2 samples. Additionally, we present the results of transport and ac susceptibility measurements under external hydrostatic pressure to map out the temperature-pressure phase diagram of LaPt2Si2.