bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between stress, stress-coping behaviors, and suicidal risk among Thais who had become unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kajai Chalermpon , Suksatan Wanich , Promkunta Nittaya , Kamkaew Natakorn 
Published: October 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in severe mental health problems worldwide. Thus, in addition to the high number of people who have died from infection with complications, some have committed suicide.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationships between stress, stress-coping behaviors, and suicidal risk among those who had become unemployed in Thailand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study had a cross-sectional correlational design and included 447 unemployed Thais at least 18 years of age who had become unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were selected through multistage sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were then analyzed using frequency, percentage, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Results: Most participants had moderate-level stress (73.16%) and stress-coping behaviors (71.81%). Almost all the participants had no suicidal risk (76.73%). The stress level and overall stress-coping behavior were positively correlated with suicidal risk (r = 0.305, p <0.01 and r = 0.352, p <0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: Stress and stress-coping behaviors were associated with suicidal risk among Thais who had become unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, nurses must screen patients with psychological problems, especially those who have become unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, for suicide risk. Developing interventions to reduce such patients’ stress and promote appropriate stress-coping behaviors is essential.
Alterations in the gut microbiota of AIDS patients with pneumocystis pneumonia and correlations with the lung microbiota
Authors: Zhu Mingli , Liu Sai , Zhao Chenfei , Shi Jinchuan , Li Chaodan , Ling Shisheng , Cheng Jianghao , Dong Wenkun , Xu Jiru 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundDue to the inability to be cultured in vitro, the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Pneumocystis jirovecii remain unclear. Intestinal microflora disorder is related to the occurrence and development of various pulmonary diseases. This work explores the pathogenesis of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients from a microbiome perspective, to provide better strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PCP.MethodsSubjects were divided into three groups: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients combined with PCP, HIV-infected patients without PCP, and HIV-negative. Stool and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected, total DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform. PICRUSt and BugBase were used to predict microflora functions, and correlation analysis of intestinal and lung bacterial flora was conducted.ResultsCompared with the HIV- group, prevotella and another 21 genera in the intestinal microbiome were statistically different in the HIV+ group; 25 genera including Escherichia-Shigella from HIV+PCP+ group were statistically different from HIV+PCP- group. The abundance of Genera such as Porphyromonas was positively or negatively correlated with CD16/CD56+ (μL). Compared with the HIV- group, identification efficiency based on area under the curve (AUC) &gt;0.7 for the HIV+ group identified seven genera in the gut microbiota, including Enterococcus (total AUC = 0.9519). Compared with the HIV+PCP- group, there were no bacteria with AUC &gt;0.7 in the lung or intestine of the HIV+PCP+ group. The number of shared bacteria between BALF and fecal samples was eight species in the HIV- group, 109 species in PCP- patients, and 228 species in PCP+ patients, according to Venn diagram analysis. Changes in various clinical indicators and blood parameters were also closely related to the increase or decrease in the abundance of intestinal and pulmonary bacteria, respectively.ConclusionsHIV infection and PCP significantly altered the species composition of lung and intestinal microbiomes, HIV infection also significantly affected intestinal microbiome gene functions, and PCP exacerbated the changes. The classification model can be used to distinguish HIV+ from HIV- patients, but the efficiency of bacterial classification was poor between PCP+ and PCP- groups. The microbiomes in the lung and gut were correlated to some extent, providing evidence for the existence of a lung-gut axis, revealing a potential therapeutic target in patients with HIV and PCP.
The safety of early discharge following transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement under general anesthesia
Authors: Koren Ofir , Patel Vivek , Kohan Siamak , Naami Robert , Naami Edmund , Allison Zev , Natanzon Sharon Shalom , Shechter Alon , Nagasaka Takashi , Al Badri Ahmed , Devanabanda Arvind Reddy , Nakamura Mamoo , Cheng Wen , Jilaihawi Hasan , Makkar Raj R. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThere is growing evidence of the safety of same-day discharge for low-risk conscious sedated TAVR patients. However, the evidence supporting the safety of early discharge following GA-TAVR with routine transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is limited.AimsTo assess the safety of early discharge following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using General Anesthesia (GA-TAVR) and identify predictors for patient selection.Materials and methodsWe used data from 2,447 TEE-guided GA-TAVR patients performed at Cedars-Sinai between 2016 and 2021. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the discharge time from admission: 24 h, 24–48 h, and &gt;48 h. Predictors for 30-day outcomes (cumulative adverse events and death) were validated on a matched cohort of 24 h vs. &gt;24 h using the bootstrap model.ResultsThe &gt;48 h group had significantly worse baseline cardiovascular profile, higher surgical risk, low functional status, and higher procedural complications than the 24 h and the 24–48 h groups. The rate of 30-day outcomes was significantly lower in the 24 h than the &gt;48 h but did not differ from the 24–48 h (11.3 vs. 15.5 vs. 11.7%, p = 0.003 and p = 0.71, respectively). Independent poor prognostic factors of 30-day outcomes had a high STS risk of ≥8 (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.30–2.77, E-value = 3.2, P &lt; 0.001), low left ventricle ejection fraction of &lt;30% (OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.96–9.10, E-value = 11.5, P &lt; 0.001), and life-threatening procedural complications (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.20–5.89, E-value = 4.7, P = 0.04). Our formulated predictors showed a good discrimination ability for patient selection (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI 0.75–0.81).ConclusionDischarge within 24 h following GA-TAVR using TEE is safe for selected patients using our proposed validated predictors.
Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Rossi Virginia , Massini Giulia , Regalbuto Corrado , Hruby Chiara , Panelli Simona , Bandi Claudio , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo 
Published: October 2022

Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation, and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls. Puberty is driven by hormones, and it can impact the gut microbiome (GM). GM differences between sex emerge at puberty onset, confirming a relationship between microbiota and sex hormones. In this narrative review, we present an overview of precocious pubertal development and the changes in the GM in precocious puberty (PP) in order to consider the role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis from the perspective of pediatric endocrinology. Bidirectional interactions between the GM and sex hormones have been proposed in different studies. Although the evidence on the interaction between microbiota and sex hormones remains limited in pediatric patients, the evidence that GM alterations may occur in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) represents an interesting finding for the prediction and prevention of PP. Deepening the understanding of the connection between the sex hormones and the role of microbiota changes can lead to the implementation of microbiota-targeted therapies in pubertal disorders by offering a pediatric endocrinology perspective.
Lobectomy may be more appropriate for patients with early-stage medullary thyroid cancer older than 60 years old
Authors: Yang Binfeng , Niu Guangcai , Li Xiaoxin , Ma Fenfen , Ma Yanhong , Hu Shaojun 
Published: October 2022

PurposeClinical guidelines presently recommend total thyroidectomy for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). This study was aimed to investigate whether lobectomy could be the initial treatment for stage I MTC patients.MethodsThe retrospective study was based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. The risk factors of survival were estimated by the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model. The effect of age on death risk was estimated using restricted cubic splines. Survival curves were constructed according to the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 988 stage I MTC patients was included in the study. Among them, 506 (51.2%) MTC patients received lobectomy and 482 (48.8%) received total thyroidectomy. The only independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was age, according to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) increased relatively slowly with age growing under the age of approximately 60 years. However, the death risk of MTC patients began to rise sharply with increasing age above 60 years. For patients under the age of 60, a significant survival difference for OS and DSS was observed between the lobectomy group and total thyroidectomy group (p &lt; 0.05). However, for patients aged above 60, no significant survival difference was observed for OS or DSS (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionTotal thyroidectomy was an appropriate treatment for stage I MTC patients under the age of 60, which was consistent with the recommendation of the clinical guidelines. However, for those over the age of 60, lobectomy may be explored as a better surgical option. The findings may provide the evidence base for improving the clinical management of stage I MTC patients. Further prospective multicenter clinical studies are needed including information regarding RET status as well as calcitonin and CEA levels.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of gut microbiota in diabetic kidney disease: Comparisons with diabetes mellitus, non-diabetic kidney disease, and healthy individuals
Authors: Han Shisheng , Chen Min , Cheng Pei , Zhang Zeng , Lu Yan , Xu Yanqiu , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundGut microbiota has been reported to play an important role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), however, the alterations of gut bacteria have not been determined.MethodsStudies comparing the differences of gut microbiome between patients with DKD and non-DKD individuals using high-throughput sequencing technology, were systematically searched and reviewed. Outcomes were set as gut bacterial diversity, microbial composition, and correlation with clinical parameters of DKD. Qualitative data were summarized and compared through a funnel R script, and quantitative data were estimated by meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 15 studies and 1640 participants were included, the comparisons were conducted between DKD, diabetes mellitus (DM), non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and healthy controls. There were no significant differences of α-diversity between DKD and DM, and between DKD and NDKD, however, significant lower microbial richness was found in DKD compared to healthy controls. Different bacterial compositions were found between DKD and non-DKD subjects. The phylum Actinobacteria were found to be enriched in DKD compared to healthy controls. At the genus level, we found the enrichment of Hungatella, Bilophila, and Escherichia in DKD compared to DM, patients with DKD showed lower abundances of Faecalibacterium compared to those with NDKD. The genera Butyricicoccus, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospira were depleted in DKD compared to healthy controls, whereas Hungatella, Escherichia, and lactobacillus were significantly enriched. The genus Ruminococcus torques group was demonstrated to be inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate of DKD.ConclusionsGut bacterial alterations was demonstrated in DKD, characterized by the enrichment of the genera Hungatella and Escherichia, and the depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria, which might be associated with the occurrence and development of DKD. Further studies are still needed to validate these findings, due to substantial heterogeneity.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022340870.
Computational fluid dynamics simulations to improve performance characteristics of a manifold having a central inlet and outlet
Authors: Ganguli Arijit A. , Pandit Aniruddha B. 
Published: October 2022

In the present work, performance/flow characteristics (namely, the effect of operating parameters like pressure on flow patterns, pressure drop, and the extent of flow uniformity) and transport phenomena of a manifold (header tube assembly) having an inlet and outlet at the center are carried out on a macroscale geometry using CFD simulations. In this study, an existing design available in the published literature (with high flow non-uniformity) was considered and an optimized design (with minimum flow non-uniformity) was developed. The optimization is performed by incorporating a perforated plate (distributor) inside the top header of the manifold. First, CFD simulations for different configurations of the existing design with the perforated plate have been performed for a pressure of 10 bar with steam as a working fluid, and an optimized configuration having a minimum flow non-uniformity of less than 3% is obtained. CFD simulations for both the existing design and optimized design are then performed for a pressure range (10 ≤ p ≤ 70 bar) and the corresponding Reynolds number (Re) range (2.82E+05 ≤ Re ≤ 2.82E+06) with steam as the working fluid. The extent of non-uniformity (ENU) and pressure drop for the existing design (without a distributor) and optimized design (with a distributor) have been analyzed and compared. The optimized design gives the near uniform flow (∼1–4%) for all pressures and Reynolds numbers considered. An empirical correlation relating the friction factor (as per the Chilton–Colburn analogy) and Re has been developed for both designs (with and without a distributor). The predicted friction factors are compared with the present CFD predictions, and experimental data of the shell and tube heat exchanger are available in the published literature. A good agreement within a 10–15% deviation has been observed. Based on the Chilton–Colburn analogy, a correlation for the Nusselt number is obtained from the friction factor correlations for both with and without distributor cases. The correlations for friction factors were found to be valid under any operating conditions for a pressure drop range within 0.05 &lt; ∆p &lt; 1.8 bar irrespective of the design of the distributor, assuming that the manifold is able to withstand the pressure drops in the given range.
Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of drought in the Liaohe river basin, China
Authors: Gong Yuanshan 
Published: October 2022

Effective identification of drought-related events and quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of drought are essential for regional disaster prevention and mitigation and sustainable development. Based on monthly precipitation and average temperature data from 113 grid points in the Liaohe River Basin (LRB) from 1961 to 2018, this study evaluated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) on monthly, quarterly, 6-monthly, and annual scales. Run-length theory was used to extract three characteristic variables of drought—frequency, severity, and duration—for different grades of drought. Linear regressions, Manner–Kendall mutation tests, correlations, and other methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the different levels of drought and their influencing factors. Results from this research can provide a scientific reference for disaster prevention and mitigation, water conservancy project planning and construction, land space ecological restoration, and development and protection in the LRB. Our results indicated the following: 1) overall, from 1961 to 2018, the short-term SPEI (monthly, quarterly) showed an upward trend (0.06/103a, 0.01/103a), while the long-term SPEI (6-monthly, annual) showed a downward trend (−0.01/103a, −0.3/103a), and the overall change occurred in three stages, specifically stable–decline–increase. From a seasonal point of view, the SPEI in spring, summer, and autumn showed an upward trend, and although the SPEI showed multiple mutations during all seasons, they were not significant (p &gt; 0.05). 2) Moderate drought occurred the most frequently (32 times) and was concentrated in the northern and western parts of the LRB. The severity of extreme drought in the upper reaches of the Chagan Mulun River was low, with a minimum SPEI of −7.07, and the durations of mild, moderate, severe, and extreme drought were 2, 2-2.5, 2–3, and 3–4 months, respectively. 3) SPEI-1 (monthly) showed the strongest correlation with precipitation and air temperature, which decreased with increasing time frames, such that SPEI-12 (annual) showed the weakest correlation. The correlations between SPEI and precipitation at different time scales were all highly significant (p &lt; 0.01), and the correlation strength was much greater than that for air temperature, indicating that precipitation had the most significant impact on drought conditions in the LRB.
Construction of the prognostic signature of alternative splicing revealed the prognostic predictor and immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ye Fan , Wu Pingan , Zhu Yaqiong , Huang Guan , Tao Ying , Liao Zhencheng , Guan Yafeng 
Published: October 2022

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a prevalent and heterogeneous malignancy with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. There is significant evidence of alternative splicing (AS) contributing to tumor development, suggesting its potential in predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to establish an AS-based prognostic signature in HNSC patients.Methods: The expression profiles and clinical information of 486 HNSC patients were downloaded from the TCGA database, and the AS data were downloaded from the TCGA SpliceSeq database. The survival-associated AS events were identified by conducting a Cox regression analysis and utilized to develop a prognostic signature by fitting into a LASSO-regularized Cox regression model. Survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the signature and an independent cohort was used for validation. The immune cell function and infiltration were analyzed by CIBERSORT and the ssGSEA algorithm.Results: Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 2726 survival-associated AS events from 1714 genes. The correlation network reported DDX39B, PRPF39, and ARGLU1 as key splicing factors (SF) regulating these AS events. Eight survival-associated AS events were selected and validated by LASSO regression to develop a prognostic signature. It was confirmed that this signature could predict HNSC outcomes independent of other variables via multivariate Cox regression analysis. The risk score AUC was more than 0.75 for 3 years, highlighting the signature’s prediction capability. Immune infiltration analysis reported different immune cell distributions between the two risk groups. The immune cell content was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. The correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between risk score, immune cell subsets, and immune checkpoint expression.Conclusion: The prognostic signature developed from survival-associated AS events could predict the prognosis of HNSC patients and their clinical response to immunotherapy. However, this signature requires further research and validation in larger cohort studies.
Adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kou Liqiu , Wen Qinglian , Xie Xiaolu , Chen Xiu , Li Jun , Li Yaling 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo study the incidence and distribution of adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for digestive system cancers and to provide a reference for the safe, rational, and effective use of immune detection site inhibitors.MethodsWe searched for articles published in English between January 1, 2010, and May 18, 2022. All clinical trials of ICI-based therapies for digestive system cancers were investigated, including only randomized controlled trials that reported data on the overall incidence of treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) or immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) or tables.ResultsWe searched 2048 records, of which 21 studies (7108 patients) were eligible for inclusion. The incidence of ICI trAEs of any grade was 82.7% (95% CI 73.9-90.0), and the incidence of grade 3 or higher trAEs was 27.5% (95% CI 21.3-34.1). The pooled rate of ICI irAEs of any grade was 26.3% (95% CI 11.8-44.0), and the incidence of grade 3 or higher irAEs was 9.4% (95% CI 1.1-24.6). In multivariate analysis, the incidence, characteristics, and distribution of AEs varied by cancer type, combination therapy modality (single/two-drug), and different agent types.ConclusionOur meta-analysis summarizes AEs associated with ICI in digestive system cancers. The incidence, characteristics, and distribution of AEs vary by cancer type, combination therapy modality, and different agent types. These findings can be considered for the early identification of AEs and provide effective interventions to reduce the severity of these patients. It can provide a clinical reference and may contribute to clinical practice.