bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aducanumab-Related Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities
Authors: Høilund-Carlsen Poul F. , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When the FDA granted accelerated approval of Biogen's Alzheimer disease drug, aducanumab (marketed as Aduhelm), it deviated from its mission of guaranteeing drug safety and efficacy because the approval was based exclusively on a perceived dose-dependent reduction in brain amyloid deposits and not upon a proven clinical effect. We believe that the amyloid-PET scans, perceived as showing decreasing amyloid deposits, are an expression of increased cerebral cell death due to aducanumab treatment, so that with time one should instead expect a worsening and not an improvement in the treated patients' condition.
Effectiveness of Primary and Booster COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination against Omicron Variant SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with a Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Lind Margaret L. , Robertson Alexander James , Silva Julio , Warner Frederick , Coppi Andreas C. , Price Nathan , Duckwall Chelsea , Sosensky Peri , Di Giuseppe Erendira C. , Borg Ryan , Fofana Mariam O , Ranzani Otavio T. , Dean Natalie E. , Andrews Jason R. , Croda Julio , Iwasaki Akiko , Cummings Derek A.T. , Ko Albert I. , Hitchings Matt DT , Schulz Wade L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of vaccination in people who experienced a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear.ObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness of primary (two-dose) and booster (third dose) vaccination against Omicron infection among people with a prior documented infection.DesignTest-negative case-control study.SettingYale New Haven Health System facilities.ParticipantsVaccine eligible people who received SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing between November 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022.MeasurementsWe conducted two analyses, each with an outcome of Omicron BA.1 infection (S-gene target failure defined) and each stratified by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection status. We estimated the effectiveness of primary and booster vaccination. To test whether booster vaccination reduced the risk of infection beyond that of the primary series, we compared the odds among boosted and booster eligible people.ResultsOverall, 10,676 cases and 119,397 controls were included (6.1% and 7.8% occurred following a prior infection, respectively). The effectiveness of primary vaccination 14-149 days after 2nd dose was 36.1% (CI, 7.1% to 56.1%) for people with and 28.5% (CI, 20.0% to 36.2%) without prior infection. The odds ratio comparing boosted and booster eligible people with prior infection was 0.83 (CI, 0.56 to 1.23), whereas the odds ratio comparing boosted and booster eligible people without prior infection was 0.51 (CI, 0.46 to 0.56).LimitationsMisclassification, residual confounding, reliance on TaqPath assay analyzed samples.ConclusionWhile primary vaccination provided protection against BA.1 infection among people with and without prior infection, booster vaccination was only associated with additional protection in people without prior infection. These findings support primary vaccination in people regardless of prior infection status but suggest that infection history should be considered when evaluating the need for booster vaccination.Primary Funding SourceBeatrice Kleinberg Neuwirth and Sendas Family Funds, Merck and Co through their Merck Investigator Studies Program, and the Yale Schools of Public Health and Medicine.
Mechanosensitive hormone signaling promotes mammary progenitor expansion and breast cancer progression
Authors: Northey Jason J. , Yui Yoshihiro , Hayward Mary-Kate , Stashko Connor , Kai FuiBoon , Mouw Janna K. , Thakar Dhruv , Lakins Jonathon N. , Ironside Alastair J. , Samson Susan , Mukhtar Rita A. , Hwang E. Shelley , Weaver Valerie M 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTissue stem-progenitor cell frequency has been implicated in tumor risk and progression. Tissue-specific factors linking stem-progenitor cell frequency to cancer risk and progression remain ill defined. Using a genetically engineered mouse model that promotes integrin mechanosignaling with syngeneic manipulations, spheroid models, and patient-derived xenografts we determined that a stiff extracellular matrix and high integrin mechanosignaling increase stem-progenitor cell frequency to enhance breast tumor risk and progression. Studies revealed that high integrin-mechanosignaling expands breast epithelial stem-progenitor cell number by potentiating progesterone receptor-dependent RANK signaling. Consistently, we observed that the stiff breast tissue from women with high mammographic density, who exhibit an increased lifetime risk for breast cancer, also have elevated RANK signaling and a high frequency of stem-progenitor epithelial cells. The findings link tissue fibrosis and integrin mechanosignaling to stem-progenitor cell frequency and causally implicate hormone signaling in this phenotype. Accordingly, inhibiting RANK signaling could temper the tumor promoting impact of fibrosis on breast cancer and reduce the elevated breast cancer risk exhibited by women with high mammographic density.SummaryElevated mechano-signaling and matrix stiffness promote progesterone and RANK mediated expansion of mammary progenitors and breast cancer risk and progression.
Tissue-specific and tissue-agnostic effects of genome sequence variation modulating blood pressure
Authors: Lee Dongwon , Han Seong Kyu , Yaacov Or , Berk-Rauch Hanna , Mathiyalagan Prabhu , Ganesh Santhi K. , Chakravarti Aravinda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped thousands of variants for numerous polygenic traits and diseases. However, with some exceptions, mechanistic understanding of which precise variants affect which genes in which tissues to modulate trait variation is still lacking. To this end, we introduce a novel class of genomic analyses applicable to any complex trait using GWAS together with gene expression and chromatin accessibility data from multiple tissues. Here we identify the transcription factors (TFs) and regulatory variants within active enhancers regulating specific genes in individual tissues to explain trait heritability of blood pressure (BP), a classical polygenic trait. We show that kidney-, adrenal-, heart-, and arterial-specific regulatory variants contribute to 2.5%, 5.3%, 7.7%, and 11.8% of variant heritability, respectively. Collectively, ∼500,000 predicted regulatory variants across these four tissues explain 33.4% of variant heritability. We demonstrate that these variants are enriched in enhancers binding specific TFs in each tissue. Our findings suggest that gene regulatory networks perturbed by common regulatory variants in a tissue relevant to a phenotype are the primary source of interindividual variation of BP. These studies provide an approach to scan each human tissue for its physiological contribution to a trait.
Restriction of dietary fat, but not carbohydrate, affects brain reward regions in adults with obesity
Authors: Darcey Valerie L. , Guo Juen , Courville Amber , Gallagher Isabelle , Avery Jason A. , Simmons W. Kyle , Ingeholm John E. , Herscovitch Peter , Martin Alex , Hall Kevin D. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWeight loss diets often target restriction of dietary fat or carbohydrate, macronutrients that are sensed via distinct gut-brain pathways and differentially affect peripheral hormones and metabolism. However, the effects of such diet changes on human brain are unclear. We investigated whether selective isocaloric reductions in dietary fat or carbohydrate altered dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential (D2BP) and neural activity in brain reward regions in response to visual food cues in 17 inpatient adults with obesity as compared to a eucaloric baseline diet. On the fifth day of dietary fat restriction, but not carbohydrate restriction, both D2BP and neural activity to food cues were decreased in brain reward regions. After the reduced fat diet,ad libitumintake shifted towards foods high in both fat and carbohydrates. These results suggest that dietary fat restriction increases tonic dopamine in brain reward regions and affects food choice in ways that may hamper diet adherence.
A robust and transformation-free joint model with matching and regularization for metagenomic trajectory and disease onset
Authors: Li Qian , Vehik Kendra , Li Cai , Triplett Eric , Roesch Luiz , Hu Yi-Juan , Krischer Jeffery 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo identify operational taxonomy units (OTUs) signaling disease onset in an observational study, a powerful strategy was selecting participants by matched sets and profiling temporal metagenomes, followed by trajectory analysis. Existing trajectory analyses modeled individual OTU or microbial community without adjusting for the within-community correlation and matched-set-specific latent factors.ResultsWe proposed a joint model with matching and regularization (JMR) to detect OTU-specific compositional trajectory predictive of host disease status, using nested random effects and covariate taxa pre-selected by Bray-Curtis distance and elastic net regression. The inherent negative correlation in microbiota composition was adjusted by incorporating the top-correlated taxa as covariate. We designed a simulation pipeline to generate true biomarkers for disease onset and the pseudo biomarkers caused by compositionality or latent noises. We demonstrated that JMR effectively controlled the false discovery and pseudo biomarkers in a simulation study that generated temporal high-dimensional metagenomic counts with random intercept or slope. Application of the competing methods in the simulated data and the TEDDY cohort showed that JMR outperformed the other methods and identified important taxa in infants’ fecal samples with dynamics preceding host disease status.ConclusionOur method JMR is a robust framework that models taxon-specific compositional trajectory and host disease status in the matched participants, improving the power of detecting disease-predictive microbial features in certain scenarios.
TAF4b Transcriptional Regulation During Cellular Quiescence of Developing Prospermatogonia
Authors: Gura Megan A. , Bartholomew Myles A. , Abt Kimberly M. , Relovská Soňa , Seymour Kimberly A. , Freiman Richard N. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTProspermatogonia (ProSpg) link the embryonic development of male primordial germ cells to the healthy establishment of postnatal spermatogonia and long-term mammalian spermatogenesis. While these spermatogenic precursor cells undergo the characteristic transitions of cycling and quiescence, the transcriptional events underlying these developmental hallmarks remain unknown. Here we investigated the expression and function of TAF4b in the timely development of mouse ProSpg using an integration of gene expression profiling and chromatin mapping. We find that Taf4b mRNA expression is elevated during the transition of M-to-T1 ProSpg and Taf4b-deficient ProSpg are delayed in their entry into quiescence. Gene ontology, protein network analysis, and chromatin mapping demonstrate that TAF4b is both a direct and indirect regulator of cell cycle-related gene expression programs during ProSpg quiescence. By comparing the transcriptome changes in male and female Taf4b-deficient embryonic germ cells, we revealed that TAF4b promotes sex-independent and -dependent gene expression pathways, highlighting its unique and critical role in the fertility of both sexes.
Evolution of influenza A virus hemagglutinin H1 and H3 across host species
Authors: Trovão Nídia S. , Khan Sairah M. , Lemey Philippe , Nelson Martha I. , Cherry Joshua L. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe Influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin protein (HA) has been studied extensively, but its evolution has not been thoroughly compared among major host species. We compared H3 and H1 evolutionary rates among 49 lineages differentiated by host (avian, canine, equine, human, swine), phylogeny, and geography. Rates of nonsynonymous evolution, relative to synonymous rates, were higher in mammalian than avian hosts. Human seasonal HA and classical swine H1 accumulated 11-13 glycosylation sites, primarily in the antigenically important head domain, whereas lower numbers were maintained in other hosts. Canines had the highest ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes in the more conserved stalk domain. Amino acid changes in canine viruses occurred disproportionately at residues located at protein interfaces. This suggests that they were adaptations affecting the major structural rearrangement of HA, which is critical for cell entry. These findings invite further study of how host ecology and physiology affect natural selection.AUTHOR SUMMARYInfluenza virus evolution is of practical importance to health in addition to being an excellent system for the study of parasite/host evolution. Our work explores a largely untapped aspect of influenza evolution: sequence evolution in non-human hosts. This is important in its own right, in terms of both science and domestic animal health. It also puts the evolution of human influenza in a larger, comparative context. Our results also provide evidence concerning the evolution of the hemagglutinin stem domain, which has not been a focus of study but has new importance due to the development of stem-based universal influenza vaccines.
Cavitation in oscillatory porous squeeze film: a numerical approach
Authors: Sobhi Said , Nabhani Mohamed , Zarbane Khalid , El Khlifi Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to present a numerical model to investigate cavitation effects on oscillatory porous squeeze film. This effect is able to cause considerable damage to the lubrication mechanisms, mainly in the form of surface erosion. The erosion process is caused by surface spalling due to alternating positive and negative contact stresses imposed by bubble collapse. If the process continues uncontrolled, the performance of the contact will rapidly deteriorate.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is conducted numerically using Elrod–Adams model for the modified Reynolds equation coupled with the Darcy’s law for the lubricant flow through the porous medium. The governing equations are numerically discretized and iteratively solved.

Findings
The numerical results show that frequency, amplitude and permeability have a significant influence on the generation of cavitation. A comparison of the present numerical results against available literature experimental data in particular case proved a good agreement.

Originality/value
The present paper is to develop a more realistic and efficient model. Indeed, the consideration of cavitation phenomena in this model will lead to a more accurate prediction of the squeeze film characteristics. The results of this paper are based on original work and have practical value.
Mapping the field of social capital with innovation and future research agenda: a bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Gu Zhouyang , Meng Fanchen , Wang Siyuan 
Published: April 2022

PurposeRecent years have seen a substantial increase in academic interest in social capital and innovation. Nonetheless, the bibliometric and visualization study on this subject is inadequate. This study aims to analyse the leading trends in literature that have connected social capital with innovation over the past few decades.Design/methodology/approachThis study attempts to provide an overview utilizing various bibliometric techniques combined with assorted themes and data extracted from the Scopus database. Results based on 716 documents reveal not only the principal modern trends but also the evolution of these scientific production developments.FindingsResults based on 716 Scopus indexed documents reveal the trends and trajectories as well as specific topics, journals and countries of social capital and innovation research Furthermore, this study offers an overview of trends and trajectories, as well as a visual and schematic framework for further research on this subject.Originality/valueSince there is lack of analyses the bibliographic data on social capital-related innovation, so this study is a unique contribution to the literature as complement. This may benefit researchers in identifying current trends and prospective study areas, as well as assisting future authors in conducting more efficient studies.
Nationality differences in Gen Z work values: an exploratory study
Authors: de Boer Peter , Bordoloi Prantik 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Generation Z (Gen Z) will account for a growing proportion of the global workforce in the coming years. Therefore, it is vitally important to understand this generation’s unique perspectives and preferences regarding work. This exploratory study aims to examine the prioritisation and desirability of Gen Z work values according to respondents’ nationality.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study were collected through a survey among 1,188 undergraduate students enrolled in one university each in China, Germany, the Netherlands and Thailand. ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc analysis were used to find out the difference between the groups based on nationality.

Findings
Findings indicate that nationality serves as a key differentiator in work value preferences. The findings challenge the concept of a global Gen Z as only two of the measured values, learning and visible results, were found to have universal appeal across the nationality groups. In spite of increased levels of global interconnectedness and accompanying crossvergence of values, the results show significant statistical differences in work values based on the respondents’ nationality.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the scope and explorative design of the present study, it cannot be certain that the findings are exclusively from Gen Z characteristics or influenced by other, non-cultural, variables.

Practical implications
This study suggests there is a need for study programmes at a tertiary level to embed experiential learning components and individual study pathways in their curricula to enable students to develop realistic expectations about the workplace and their place in it. In turn, these programmes will be able to develop a competitive advantage in higher education landscape.

Originality/value
The insights gained can be leveraged by internationally oriented study programmes, such as International Business (IB), to better address Gen Z needs and expectations.
Teacher candidates of Color experiences and perceptions of culturally responsive teaching within teacher education: “they hit the target, not the bullseye”
Authors: Navarro Oscar , Ronan Briana , Reyes Patron Ingrid 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine how teacher candidates of Color (TCoCs) experienced and perceived culturally responsive teaching across three teacher education programs at a predominately White institution in the USA. At the time of the study, the campus was reeling from a series of racist incidents on- and off-campus, and the teacher education programs were attempting to recruit more TCoCs.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a critical race theory counternarrative approach and qualitative research focus-group interviews, the authors centered the voices of seven TCoCs and their experiences with culturally responsive teaching in their coursework.

Findings
The TCoCs experienced and perceived culturally responsive teaching as promising yet fleeting, missing the mark, and a misuse of culture and language that resulted in harm. The TCoCs urge teacher education to hire racially–ethnically–linguistically diverse faculty, provide affirming spaces for TCoCs, and curricular transformation.

Originality/value
Study findings contribute to recent calls for teacher education programs to attend to the lived experiences, concerns and expectations of future teachers of color.
Explosion of digital resources and its effects on the development of digital reading culture in Africa
Authors: Bouaamri Asmaa , Otike Fredrick , Barátné Hajdu Ágnes 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to highlight pertinent issues relating to digital access and the development of digital reading culture in Africa. This study established the appropriate strategies of promoting digital reading culture in African libraries and also the roles that libraries use in promoting the adoption of digital reading culture amidst various challenges and obstacles.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examined an extensive empirical and theoretical literature review. A thorough analysis of the literature was done, focusing on combining empirical studies and theoretical ones, to bring out the importance of the reading process and how it can be adapted to digital context to overcome the access issues in the digital environment.

Findings
The findings indicated the advantages of digital reading in the present era. Additionally, the results pointed out the challenges faced in developing countries in Africa when promoting a digital reading culture and proposed the important role of librarians in helping the population through digital literacy.

Originality/value
This paper provides significant approaches on promoting digital reading in developing countries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to review the literature from different aspects and perspectives on this topic in the context of developing countries in Africa.