bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do we deepen our story reservoir by designing, developing, and writing instructional cases for teaching evaluation?
Authors: Ensminger David C. , Frazier Elissa W. , Montrosse‐Moorhead Bianca , Linfield Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPracticing evaluators' professional stories can serve as rich resources for training novice evaluators. However, converting professional stories into a written teaching case requires more than simply writing down a narrative. This article discusses the components of well written cases present in the literature, and provides guidance on how to design, develop, and write four types of cases using instructional design principles that address aspects of pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Additionally, this article discusses the development of instructor resources that can accompany a case narrative and support the use of the case as an instructional tool.
Harnessing anti‐tumor and tumor‐tropism functions of macrophages via nanotechnology for tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Yanhui , Han Yaobao , Sun Qiao , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional phagocytes and antigen‐presenting cells in the innate immune system, macrophages can not only directly engulf and clear tumor cells, but also play roles in presenting tumor‐specific antigen to initiate adaptive immunity. However, the tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) usually display tumor‐supportive M2 phenotype rather than anti‐tumor M1 phenotype. They can support tumor cells to escape immunological surveillance, aggravate tumor progression, and impede tumor‐specific T cell immunity. Although many TAMs‐modulating agents have shown great success in therapy of multiple tumors, they face enormous challenges including poor tumor accumulation and off‐target side effects. An alternative solution is the use of advanced nanostructures, which not only can deliver TAMs‐modulating agents to augment therapeutic efficacy, but also can directly serve as modulators of TAMs. Another important strategy is the exploitation of macrophages and macrophage‐derived components as tumor‐targeting delivery vehicles. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in targeting and engineering macrophages for tumor immunotherapy, including (1) direct and indirect effects of macrophages on the augmentation of immunotherapy and (2) strategies for engineering macrophage‐based drug carriers. The existing perspectives and challenges of macrophage‐based tumor immunotherapies are also highlighted.
Identification of novel compounds in rose absolute with gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Remy Pierre‐Alain , Sarrazin Elise , Pérès Christophe , Dugay José , David Nathalie , Vial Jérôme 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGas Chromatography/High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) was used to identify new compounds in Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia absolutes. These compounds were esters derived from the main alcohols of rose absolute (phenylethyl alcohol, geraniol, citronellol, nerol, and (E,E)‐farnesol). Based on low‐resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) and HRMS data of rose absolutes, hypotheses were first formulated. In a second stage, the standards of these candidate structures were synthetized and analyzed by LRMS using apolar and polar columns. LRMS spectra of these standards, and apolar and polar retention indices (RI) were compared with those of candidate structures. Only four out of nineteen molecules were validated by these three criteria mostly due to an important difference of polar RIs between the standards and the compounds detected in rose absolutes. In a third stage, absolutes were spiked with synthesized standards and were analyzed by HRMS on both apolar and polar columns to confirm the presence of these candidate structures. Finally, 19 new compounds were identified in Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia absolutes.
Reforming the provision of cross‐border medical care: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Amuedo‐Dorantes Catalina , Rivera‐Garrido Noelia , Vall Castelló Judit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCross‐border medical care, defined as care facilitated by a local health provider under pre‐established regional agreements, as in the case of European Union (EU) citizens accessing care within EU countries, has been on the rise. Unlike medical tourism, typically sought by patients through their own volition and paid for out‐of‐pocket, cross‐border medical care is often reimbursable or paid for directly by the responsible government. Yet, because nations vary in the extent of health coverage offered to their residents, these expenditures are often only partially reimbursed. The resulting financial burden for some countries can be large and not reciprocal, straining regional and country‐level finances. We analyze the effectiveness of a legislative measure adopted by a Spanish region in January 2012 with the purpose of curbing cross‐border medical care. Using a comprehensive administrative dataset of all medical procedures performed in the country between 2008 and 2015, we find that the measure led to a drastic drop in the number of foreigners' hospitalizations and a reduction of 4.8 million euros/trimester in costs. Finally, the decrease in hospitalizations did not disproportionally affect patients based on their gender, age, or origin, although it fostered a reduction in readmissions.
PET/CTversus triple endoscopy in initial workup ofHPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Muller Richard Grant , Weidenbecher Mark , Ludlow David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynchronous primary tumors (SPTs) are detected via triple endoscopy or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Patients with human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) lack risk factors for SPTs.MethodsWe performed a single institution retrospective review of the efficacy of triple endoscopy and PET/CT in HPV+ OPSCC patients.ResultsSixty‐five HPV+ OPSCC patients underwent triple endoscopy and PET/CT. Patients were white (n = 48, 72.7%), male (n = 53, 81.5%), mean 58.7 ± 8.1 years old. SPT was detected in 1 (1.5%) patient via PET/CT. No SPTs were detected on triple endoscopy. PET/CT had 100% and 95.3% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. PET/CT positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 25.0% and 100%, respectively. Triple endoscopy specificity and NPV was 90.2% and 93.2%, respectively.ConclusionsPET/CT is superior to triple endoscopy in ruling out SPTs. With negative PET/CT, only direct laryngoscopy with biopsy may be necessary.
A nomogram based on tumor response to induction chemotherapy may predict survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Ting , Chen Kai‐Hua , Liang Zhong‐Guo , Yang Jie , Wei Si‐Qi , Qu Song , Li Ling , Zhu Xiao‐Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the clinical significance of tumor response to induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) patients and further to develop a nomogram for predicting survival prognosis.MethodsA total of 498 patients with stage III‐IVA NPC applying IC and concurrent chemotherapy were reviewed (training cohort, n = 376; validation cohort, n = 122).ResultsTumor response was an independent predictor for clinical outcomes. The nomogram included age, N stage, pretreatment Epstein–Barr virus DNA, lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, and tumor response achieved an ideal C‐index of 0.703 (95% CI 0.655–0.751) in the validation cohort for predicting overall survival (OS), which outperformed than that of the TNM system alone (C‐index, 0.670, 95% CI: 0.622–0.718). In addition, the nomogram could successfully classified patients into different risk groups.ConclusionsWe established and validated a precise and convenient nomogram based on tumor response for predicting the OS of LANPC patients.
Prognostic factors of children and adolescents with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Ishida Hisashi , Kato Motohiro , Kawahara Yuta , Ishimaru Sae , Najima Yuho , Kako Shinichi , Sato Maho , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Noguchi Maiko , Kato Keisuke , Koh Katsuyoshi , Okada Keiko , Iwasaki Fuminori , Kobayashi Ryoji , Igarashi Shunji , Saito Shoji , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Sato Atsushi , Tanaka Junji , Hashii Yoshiko , Atsuta Yoshiko , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Imamura Toshihiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer during childhood, and some high‐risk patients with ALL require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Mainly due to small patient numbers, studies focusing specifically on children and adolescents with T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) are limited. Using a nationwide registry, we retrospectively analyzed data from patients under 20 years old who underwent their first HSCT for T‐ALL between 2000 and 2018. As a result, total 484 patients were included, and their median follow‐up period was 6.9 years after HSCT for survivors. While patients receiving HSCT at first complete remission (CR) showed relatively good 5‐year leukemia free survival (5yLFS, 73.5%), once relapse occurred, their prognosis was much worse (44.4%) even if they attained second remission again (p < 0.001). Among patients receiving HSCT at CR1, grade II–IV acute graft versus host disease was associated with worse overall and LFS than grade 0–I (5yLFS 69.5% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.026) mainly due to high non‐relapse mortality. Among those patients, patients receiving related bone marrow transplantation, unrelated bone marrow transplantation, or unrelated cord blood transplantation showed similar survival (5yLFS, 73.2%, 76.3%, and 77.0%, respectively). For patients undergoing cord blood transplantation at CR1, total‐body irradiation‐based myeloablative conditioning was associated with better 5yLFS than other conditioning regimens (85.4% vs. 62.2%, p = 0.044), as it reduced the risk of relapse. These results indicate that relapsed patients have much less chance of cure, and that identifying patients who require HSCT for cure and offering them HSCT with optimal settings during CR1 are crucial for children and adolescents with T‐ALL.
Use of BTK inhibitors with special focus on ibrutinib in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: An expert panel opinion statement
Authors: Ferrero S. , Gentile Massimo , Laurenti Luca , Mauro Francesca Romana , Martelli Maurizio , Sportoletti Paolo , Visco Carlo , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Tedeschi Alessandra , Varettoni M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pivotal role that ibrutinib plays in the management of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is undisputed but there are ongoing questions regarding its positioning in the therapeutic algorithm of WM as well as in some peculiar clinical situations. A panel of experts from Italy was convened to provide real world recommendations on the use of BTK inhibitors in lymphoproliferative diseases in general, and in patients with WM in particular. This position paper represents the panel's collective analysis, evaluation, and opinions and is made up of a series of questions frequently asked by practicing clinicians and answers based on currently available evidence.
Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among women with access to free screening: A community‐based study in peri‐urban Ghana
Authors: Tawiah Augustine , Konney Thomas O. , Dassah Edward T. , Visser Lucia E. , Amo‐Antwi Kwabena , Appiah‐Kubi Adu , Bell Sarah G. , Johnston Carolyn , Lawrence Emma R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer can be prevented by regular screening; however, screening rates are low in developing countries. We evaluated the proportion of women screened, modalities of screening utilized, and factors influencing uptake among Ghanaian women with access to free screening services.MethodsParticipants were women aged 25–65 in Asokore‐Mampong, Ghana. A structured questionnaire collected socio‐demographic characteristics, risk factors, knowledge of, and utilization of cervical cancer screening. Adjusted logistic regression evaluated predictors of screening.ResultsOf 710 participants, the majority had heard of cervical cancer (64.6%) and screening (57.7%). Screening utilization was 24.6%. Visual inspection with acetic acid was the most common screening method (97.1%). For those who had never been screened, common reasons were believing they were healthy (21.7%), fearing pain (12.9%), lacking awareness of screening (11.8%), and being too busy (11.6%). Participants who were aged 35–44 (aOR 1.82; 95% CI 1.09–3.03; p = 0.023), married (aOR 3.98; 95% CI 1.68–9.40; p = 0.002), formally employed (aOR 9.31; 95% CI 2.86–30.35; p <0.001), and had higher cervical cancer knowledge (aOR 3.98; 95% CI 2.64–6.02; p <0.001) were more likely to have been screened.ConclusionDespite geographic proximity to a health center that provides free cervical cancer screening, screening uptake among Ghanaian women remains low.
Outcomes of subchorionic hematoma‐affected pregnancies in the infertile population
Authors: Inman Erin R. , Miranian Daniel C. , Stevenson Micaela J. , Kobernik Emily K. , Moravek Molly B. , Schon Samantha B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the implications of an incidentally noted subchorionic hematoma on pregnancy outcomes in the infertile population.MethodsRetrospective cohort study at a tertiary care, university‐based facility. All patients with intrauterine pregnancy on initial obstetric ultrasound presenting to an infertility clinic between January 2015 and March 2018 (n = 1210), regardless of treatment cycle, were included. Nonviable pregnancies were excluded. The main outcome measured was association between subchorionic hematoma and first trimester miscarriage.ResultsThe prevalence of subchorionic hematoma was 12.5% (n = 151) and did not differ by type of fertility treatment. There was no association between subchorionic hematoma and first trimester miscarriage; however, among patients with subchorionic hematoma, those who reported both bleeding and cramping had an increased probability of miscarriage compared to those without symptoms (0.62 vs. 0.12, P <0.001). The live birth rate in this sample was 81.3% and there were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between those with and without subchorionic hematoma.ConclusionAmong an infertile population, there was no increased risk of miscarriage when subchorionic hematoma was seen on early ultrasound; however, when patients noted both vaginal bleeding and cramping, their probability of miscarriage was significantly increased.
Hsa_circ_0041268 promotes NSCLC progress by sponging miR‐214‐5p/ROCK1
Authors: Yang Wenhui , Wu Lina , Jin Mingming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs hold significant regulatory functions during various tumors. However, the exact hsa_circ_0041268 roles in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) along with regulatory mechanism are unknown. In this study, RT‐qPCR was used to perceive hsa_circ_0041268 expressions in NSCLC cell lines. Our team constructed small interfering RNA for hsa_circ_0041268. NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were assayed to confirm hsa_circ_0041268 activities in NSCLC cells. We then used bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses to characterize the hsa_circ_0041268 downstream targets. The result shows that the expressions of hsa_circ_0041268 incremented in NSCLC cell lines and hsa_circ_0041268 downregulation decreased cell proliferation and migration. ROCK1 and miR‐214‐5p were hsa_circ_0041268 downstream targets. miR‐214‐5p downregulation or ROCK1 overexpression restored migration and proliferation abilities after hsa_circ_0041268 silencing. ROCK1 overexpression renovated migration and proliferation abilities after miR‐214‐5p overexpression.In vivoinvestigations confirmed that hsa_circ_0041268 downregulation inhibited tumor formation and metastasis in nude mice xenografts. Together, results demonstrated that hsa_circ_0041268 acted as tumor promoter through novel hsa_circ_0041268/miR‐214‐5p/ROCK1 axis, which highlighted its potential as NSCLC therapeutic agent.
Expanded carrier screening in the United States: A systematic evidence review exploring client and provider experiences
Authors: Ramdaney Aarti , Lichten Lauren , Propst Lauren , Mann Caitlin , Lazarin Gabriel A. , Jones Malorie , Taylor Amy , Malinowski Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of carrier screening is to identify prospective parents at risk of having a pregnancy affected with an autosomal recessive or X‐linked disorder. Though minimal guideline‐based screening is available, expanded carrier screening (ECS) is quickly becoming a feasible option for the general population due to its growing availability and affordability. However, the impact of ECS on clients and providers remains relatively unexplored. We performed a systematic evidence review to identify publications describing client‐, provider‐, and test‐related outcomes. We searched several biomedical databases for articles published between January 1, 2003 and May 31, 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described genetic counseling and/or genetic testing for carrier screening (minimal guideline‐based or ECS) in a prenatal or preconception setting in the United States. Title and abstract screening were performed using the Raayan web application or customized Google Forms. Full‐text review and data extraction of included articles were performed using custom Google Forms. Two researchers performed a multistep selection process independently for validation purposes. Of 5413 unique articles screened, 36 studies were included with several studies contributing to multiple outcomes. Twenty described outcomes relating to patients/clients, 10 described provider‐based outcomes, and 16 described test‐based outcomes. Findings suggest that client and provider perceptions of ECS and minimal guideline‐based carrier screening are multifaceted. Though clients have expressed desire for ECS, clinical uptake and impact on reproductive decision‐making varies. Additionally, though genetic counselors seem to be comfortable with ECS, most other reproductive care providers seem to prefer minimal guideline or ancestry‐based screening due to perceived barriers, such as time needed for ECS results disclosure and follow‐up, as well as the desire to have panels set by professional societies/recommendations. There are limitations within the gathered literature, leading to potential uncertainty in the generalizability of our review. We outline several recommendations for future studies, including the need to examine variant interpretation and use of next‐generation sequencing.
Single cell proteogenomic sequencing identifies a relapse‐fated AML subclone carrying FLT3‐ITD with CN‐LOH at chr13q
Authors: Kim TaeHyung , Lee Hyewon , Capo‐Chichi Jose‐Mario , Chang Myung Hee , Yoo Young Seok , Basi Gurbaksh , Ketela Troy , Smith Adam C. , Tierens Anne , Zhang Zhaolei , Minden Mark D. , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInternal tandem duplication of the Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3‐ITD) is one of the most clinically relevant mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a high FLT3‐ITD allelic ratio (AR) (≥0.5) being strongly associated with poor prognosis. FLT3‐ITDs are heterogeneous, varying in size and location, with some patients having multiple FLT3‐ITDs. Bulk cell‐based approaches are limited in their ability to reveal the clonal structure in such cases. Using single‐cell proteogenomic sequencing (ScPGseq), we attempted to identify a relapse‐fated subclone in an AML case with mutations in WT1, NPM1, and FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain and two FLT3‐ITDs (21 bp and 39 bp) (low AR) at presentation, then relapsed only with WT1 and NPM1 mutations and one FLT3‐ITD (high AR). This relapse‐fated subclone at presentation (∼2.1% of sequenced cells) was characterized by the presence of a homozygous 21 bp FLT3‐ITD resulting from copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN‐LOH) of chr13q and an aberrant, immature myeloid cell surface signature, contrast to the cell surface phenotype at presentation. In contrast to results from multicolor flow‐cytometry, ScPGseq not only enabled the early detection of rare relapse‐fated subclone showing immature myeloid signature but also highlighted the presence of homozygous 21 bp FLT3‐ITDs in the clone at presentation.
Synthesis of selenopyrano[2,3‐b]indol‐4(9H)‐ones and their CH arylation
Authors: Woo‐Jin Choi , Jalani Hitesh B. , Jeong Jin‐Hyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we disclose the synthesis of selenopyrano[2,3‐b]indol‐4(9H)‐ones and their aryl derivatives using seleno‐pyran ring formation via an in situ‐generated selenide reacting directly with α‐halo‐β‐ynones of substituted indoles providing selenopyrano[2,3‐b]indol‐4(9H)‐ones. Subsequent direct CH arylation of the these compounds by palladium‐catalyzed Heck reaction enables the incorporation of aryl substituents on the selenopyrano[2,3‐b]indol‐4(9H)‐ones scaffolds with moderate yields. This new chemo‐type incorporating an indole ring may be useful for the biological screenings.
Health‐related quality of life of female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Linwei , Dowdy David W. , Comins Carly A. , Young Katherine , Mcingana Mfezi , Mulumba Ntambue , Mhlophe Hlengiwe , Chen Claire , Hausler Harry , Schwartz Sheree R. , Baral Stefan , Mishra Sharmistha ,   the Siyaphambili Study team
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important HIV outcome beyond viral suppression. However, there are limited data characterizing HRQoL of key populations, including female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV.MethodsWe used baseline data (22 June 2018–23 March 2020) of FSW who were diagnosed with HIV and enrolled into a randomized trial in Durban, South Africa. HRQoL information was collected by a generic preference‐accompanied tool with five domains (EQ‐5D), and summarized into a single score (range 0–1), which represents health utility. We employed multivariable beta regression models to identify determinants of HRQoL and to estimate subgroup‐specific HRQoL score. Using external estimates of life expectancy and population size, we estimated the number of quality adjusted life years reduced among FSW living with HIV in South Africa associated with violence and drug use.ResultsOf 1,363 individuals (mean age: 32.4 years; mean HRQoL score: 0.857) in our analysis, 62.6% used drugs, 61.3% experienced physical or sexual violence and 64.6% self‐reported taking antiretroviral treatment (ART). The following were associated with a reduction in the average marginal HRQoL score: older age (per decade: 0.018 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.008, 0.027]), drug use (0.022 [0.007, 0.036]), experience of violence (0.024 [0.010, 0.038]) and moderate (vs. no) level of internalized stigma (0.023 [0.004, 0.041]). Current ART use was associated with a 0.015‐point (–0.001, 0.031) increase in the HRQoL score. The estimated mean (95% CI) HRQoL scores ranged from 0.838 (0.816, 0.860) for FSW who used drugs, experienced violence and were not on ART; to 0.899 (0.883, 0.916) for FSW who did not use drugs nor experience violence and were on ART. Our results can be translated into a reduction in 37,184 and 39,722 quality adjusted life years related to drug use and experience of violence, respectively, in South Africa.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the association of ART with higher HRQoL among FSW and the need to further address structural risks, including drug use, violence and stigma. Population‐specific estimates of HRQoL score can be further used to calculate quality‐adjusted life years in economic evaluations of individual and structural interventions addressing the needs of FSW living with HIV.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT03500172 (April 17, 2018).