bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical occurrence of whales in Scottish Waters inferred from whaling records
Authors: Ryan Conor , Calderan Susannah , Allison Cherry , Leaper Russell , Risch Denise 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Archived logbooks detailing landings at Scottish shore‐based whaling stations between 1903 and 1951 were used to map whale catch locations. Historical distribution and occurrence are inferred and summary statistics on total landings are updated for blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis), sei (Balaenoptera borealis) and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales: a total of 9,996 whales were caught during this period, which is 3.7% higher than previously reported and 25% higher for blue whales.
The most frequently caught species were fin and sei whales. Whaling off Scotland in the 1920s contributed to the likely extinction of right whales in the eastern North Atlantic. Blue whales, once regularly hunted to the west of Scotland, are now rarely documented there and North‐east Atlantic whaling appears to have had a significant and lasting impact on sei whales.
Analysis of whaling effort indicates that catch rates remained high despite the depletion of some species. This, may be a consequence of two features of Scottish shore‐based whaling: (1) the mixed species catch composition; and (2) the catching of whales as they migrated through Scottish waters.
The findings of this study highlight the historical significance of the shelf‐seas around Scotland as a habitat for some species, which was not apparent from previous studies. These results can inform where there may be potential for the recovery of some species in the future.
Current major threats in the North Atlantic include entanglement, ship strike and displacement owing to the effects of climate change. The baseline and historical information on distribution and seasonal occurrence examined here is important for informing spatial and temporal measures to reduce these threats. If populations are to recover post‐whaling there is an increasing need to reduce threats such as ship strikes and entanglement, whose magnitude is proportional to whale density.
Using high throughput screens to predict miscarriages with placental stem cells and long‐term stress effects with embryonic stem cells
Authors: Puscheck Elizabeth E. , Ruden Ximena , Singh Aditi , Abdulhasan Mohammed , Ruden Douglas M. , Awonuga Awoniyi O. , Rappolee Daniel A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA problem in developmental toxicology is the massive loss of life from fertilization through gastrulation, and the surprising lack of knowledge of causes of miscarriage. Half to two‐thirds of embryos are lost, and environmental and genetic causes are nearly equal. Simply put, it can be inferred that this is a difficult period for normal embryos, but that environmental stresses may cause homeostatic responses that move from adaptive to maladaptive with increasing exposures. At the lower 50% estimate, miscarriage causes greater loss‐of‐life than all cancers combined or of all cardio‐ and cerebral‐vascular accidents combined. Surprisingly, we do not know if miscarriage rates are increasing or decreasing. Overshadowed by the magnitude of miscarriages, are insufficient data on teratogenic or epigenetic imbalances in surviving embryos and their stem cells. Superimposed on the difficult normal trajectory for peri‐gastrulation embryos are added malnutrition, hormonal, and environmental stresses. An overarching hypothesis is that high throughput screens (HTS) using cultured viable reporter embryonic and placental stem cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells [ESC] and trophoblast stem cells [TSC] that report status using fluorescent reporters in living cells) from the pre‐gastrulation embryo will most rapidly test a range of hormonal, environmental, nutritional, drug, and diet supplement stresses that decrease stem cell proliferation and imbalance stemness/differentiation. A second hypothesis is that TSC respond with greater sensitivity in magnitude to stress that would cause miscarriage, but ESC are stress‐resistant to irreversible stemness loss and are best used to predict long‐term health defects. DevTox testing needs more ESC and TSC HTS to model environmental stresses leading to miscarriage or teratogenesis and more research on epidemiology of stress and miscarriage. This endeavor also requires a shift in emphasis on pre‐ and early gastrulation events during the difficult period of maximum loss by miscarriage.
Photoluminescence properties of anodic aluminium oxide films formed in a mixture of malonic acid and oxalic acid
Authors: Li Shou‐Yi , Liu Zheng‐Lai , Xiang Gen‐Xiang , Ma Bao‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were fabricated by anodization in an electrolyte mixture with various concentration ratios of malonic acid and oxalic acid at room temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the AAO films before and after annealing from 300°C to 650°C in air or vacuum conditions were investigated, showing a strong PL band in the range 300–550 nm. We observed a weak PL in the AAO film formed in the malonic acid electrolyte, whereas the films fabricated using an electrolyte mixture showed strong PL emissions, exhibiting a maximum. The broad PL band was decomposed into three Gaussian sub‐bands, in which the first two sub‐bands could be attributed to the luminescence centre oxygen vacancies (F+ and F defect centres), whereas the latter transformed from malonic impurities and oxalic impurities. More interestingly, the redshift of the PL bands occurred with increasing oxalic acid concentration, and the PL wavelength and intensity could be modulated by varying the concentration ratios in the malonic acid and oxalic acid electrolyte mixture.
Bubbles in a sand fluidized bed unit for the gasification of coffee waste biomass. A probabilistic based fluid‐dynamic description
Authors: Torres Brauer Nicolas , Navarro Salazar Marcos G. , de Lasa Hugo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study shows the applicability of the chemical reactor engineering centre (CREC) Optiprobes engineered with a graded refractive index (GRIN) lens and fibreoptics to establish both the bubble rising velocity (BRV) and the bubble axial chord (BAC) of bubbles in a 240–955 μm sand fluidized bed, filled with different types and loadings of biomasses. It is confirmed via the application of the CREC Optiprobes that the formed bubbles display both BRV and BAC normal probabilistic distributions, leading to characteristic BRV–BAC bands of bubble behaviour, with this being true for an ample range of superficial gas velocities (0.188–0.282 m/s) and broza biomass loadings (0–30 vol.%). It is also proven that the observed BRV and BAC distributions in biomass‐loaded sand fluidized beds are of the quasi‐normal distribution type, as attested by the Shapiro–Wilk test (S–W test). Furthermore, a probabilistic prediction model (PPM) proposed in a previous contribution can be used effectively to predict, in all cases, that a close to 80% of the total bubble population falls within a proposed probabilistic band of bubble behaviour.
Let's practice what we preach: Planning and interpreting simulation studies with design and analysis of experiments
Authors: Chipman Hugh , Bingham Derek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStatisticians recommend design and analysis of experiments (DAE) for evidence‐based research but often use tables to present their own simulation studies. Could DAE do better? We outline how DAE methods can be used to plan and analyze simulation studies. Tools for planning include cause‐and‐effect diagrams and factorial and fractional factorial designs. Analysis is carried out via analysis of variance, main effect and interaction plots, and other DAE tools. We also demonstrate how Taguchi robust parameter design can be used to study the robustness of methods to a variety of uncontrollable population parameters.
Plant Growth Promotion and Selenium Accumulation in Zea mays by Rhizobacteria Isolated from Natural Seleniferous Soils
Authors: Kaur Tanveer , Chadha Akanksha , Prakash Nagaraja Tejo , Reddy Mondem Sudhakara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelenium (Se) is essential for life's basic functions but its sources are limited. Plant growth promoting bacteria is a potential source to increase Se accumulation and plant growth. Bacteria are isolated from native seleniferous soils,. and based on 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequenceanalysis, two plant growth promoting and selenium tolerant bacteria are selected. They are identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata (B49) and Cedecea neteri (B71). L. adecarboxylata and C. neteri produce indole acetic acid of 93 ± 3.2 and 68 ± 2.9 mg L−1 and a phosphate solubilization index of 1.26 ± 0.3 and 3.29 ± 0.2, respectively. L. adecarboxylata and C. neteri tolerate up to 350 mm of selenite with an inhibitory concentration 50 value of 225.6 ± 14 and 236.6 ± 14 mm, respectively. Inoculation of bacteria significantly increases the growth of Zea mays plants in seleniferous soil. Plant growth promotion is 36.6% more in C. neteri inoculated plants compared to L. adecarboxylata. Se accumulation significantly increases in plant tissues inoculated with C. neteri (20.2 µg g−1) than L. adecarboxylata (12.1 µg g−1). This study has provided evidence that microbial Se biotransformation through bacterial inoculation is an alternative way to improve the Se uptake in crops and maintain human health.
Deep maxout network for lung cancer detection using optimization algorithm in smart Internet of Things
Authors: Ramkumar Muthuperumal Periyaperumal , Mano Paul Pauliah David , Maram Balajee , Ananth John Patrick 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) has appreciably influenced the technology world in the context of interconnectivity, interoperability, and connectivity using smart objects, connected sensors, devices, data, and appliances. The IoT technology has mainly impacted the global economy, and it extends from industry to different application scenarios, like the healthcare system. This research designed anti‐corona virus‐Henry gas solubility optimization‐based deep maxout network (ACV‐HGSO based deep maxout network) for lung cancer detection with medical data in a smart IoT environment. The proposed algorithm ACV‐HGSO is designed by incorporating anti‐corona virus optimization (ACVO) and Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO). The nodes simulated in the smart IoT framework can transfer the patient medical information to sink through optimal routing in such a way that the best path is selected using a multi‐objective fractional artificial bee colony algorithm with the help of fitness measure. The routing process is deployed for transferring the medical data collected from the nodes to the sink, where detection of disease is done using the proposed method. The noise exists in medical data is removed and processed effectively for increasing the detection performance. The dimension‐reduced features are more probable in reducing the complexity issues. The created approach achieves improved testing accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as 0.910, 0.914, and 0.912, respectively.
Augmented security for healthcare data using obfuscation and elliptic curve cryptography algorithm in health cloud environment
Authors: V Sri Vigna Hema , K Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn the past few years, the growing demands of cloud computing became high in the healthcare sector. The electronic health record (EHR) has turned out to be the chosen system to uphold patient's healthcare data. Due to the advancement of cloud computing, the users in the cloud are empowered to access their data with elasticity and offering huge storage capability at minimum costs. This motivates EHR maintainers to transfer their personal storage to the remote cloud servers as it significantly reduces the burden of storage and computation. Nevertheless, securing healthcare data file poses a gigantic challenge as data outsourced in the cloud are too sensitive. Several security features such as data confidentiality, data privacy, access control, data integrity, and data security necessities to be satisfied. This article proposed a secure sharing of healthcare data file by incorporating obfuscation technique and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) algorithm to enforce better data confidentiality and integrity. Data obfuscation is a beneficial technique in preserving the data confidentiality on the cloud by minimizing the risk of data theft and data leakage. Moreover, ECC methodology aims to provide a high level of security, low communication and computation cost with smaller key size. Experimental analysis reveals better performance than other existing schemes in terms of computation time, communication time, key generation time, throughput rate, turnaround time, and uploading speed. Besides, it exposes that the proposed framework is highly secure and efficient in the field of healthcare system.
Bis(acyl)phosphine Oxides as Stoichiometric Photo‐Reductants for Copper Nanoparticle Synthesis: Efficiency and Kinetics
Authors: Schmallegger Max , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Gescheidt Georg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBis(acyl)phospine oxide (BAPO) photo‐initiators show excellent properties in photo‐induced radical polymerization. Furthermore, in aqueous or alcoholic solutions, the primary phosphorus‐centred radical forms a solvent adduct, which acts as a reductant for metal cations. Here, we present the mechanism, stoichiometry and kinetics of this reduction process. Moreover, we address the controlled production of copper nanoparticles. This is accomplished using optical spectroscopy in conjunction with in‐depth kinetic analysis. This study opens the door for the application of BAPOs as a light‐activated reducing agents, allowing a facile, mild and controlled generation of metal nanoparticles and of metal/polymer nanocomposites.
Psychosocial impact of vitiligo in patients with skin of color
Authors: Mehta Nikhil , Gupta Vishal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVitiligo exerts a significant negative effect on patients quality of life. Patients with skin of colour have a more negative attitude towards vitiligo than those with fairer skin. Many myths and misconceptions about vitiligo are prevalent in certain societies in South‐east Asia and the middle east. Confusion with leprosy further adds to the stigma. Vitiligo impacts several spheres of life due to the cosmetic disfigurement as well as the prevailing socio‐cultural factors. Patients with vitiligo suffer from low self‐esteem, and often face discrimination, and difficulties in social life and relationships. Quality‐of‐life measures such as Dermatology Life Quality Index and Vitiligo Impact Scale‐22 indicate that vitiligo has a moderate‐to‐large effect on patients life. Psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety and depression are more prevalent among patients with vitiligo as compared to general population. The psychosocial burden of vitiligo should be evaluated separately from the clinical severity separately because it may not correlate with the extent of depigmentation, and may not improve in proportion to the repigmentation. Apart from the treatment of vitiligo patches, patients may benefit from measures specifically aimed at reducing the psychosocial distress.
Early‐onset eating disorders in Australian children: A national surveillance study showing increased incidence
Authors: Morris Anne , Elliott Elizabeth , Madden Sloane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to collect prospective national data on early‐onset eating disorders (EOEDs) in children in Australia to document changes in clinical presentations, medical complications, management, and incidence since initially described in 2002–2005.MethodEach month pediatricians reported children aged 5–13 years newly diagnosed with an eating disorder to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit and provided de‐identified clinical data.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2018, 184 children were confirmed with EOED with a minimum estimated national incidence of 2.79 per 100,000 children aged 5–13 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40–3.23), nearly double the previously recorded incidence. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.2 years; 43(24%) were boys who were younger than girls (11.85 vs. 12.33 years; p = .03). All had food avoidance. Common symptoms included fear of weight gain 140 (76%), preoccupation with body weight 134 (73%), and misperception of body size 116 (63%). Bradycardia was present in 83 (45%) and 117 (64%) who required hospital admission. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐5) criteria for anorexia nervosa were met for 144 (78%).DiscussionChildren with eating disorders continue to present with severe illness. Near doubling in incidence in just over a 10‐year period highlights the need for increased clinical resourcing and comparable international data.Public SignificanceThe incidence of new presentations of eating disorders in children aged 5–13 years has nearly doubled since a similar study was conducted over 10 years ago. Children were unwell for an average of 8 months before diagnosis; approximately 80% had a clear diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 64% needed hospital admission due to medical complications. This highlights the need for improvements in education and clinical resources for this age group.
A novel pneumatic skin sensory stimulator and its application to a two‐point discrimination test
Authors: Hashikawa Fumitaka , Mizunuma Shota , Ofuchi Satsuki , Kajiwara Riichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe have developed a tactile stimulation system that can apply air puffs locally to any two points on a skin's surface. This system consists of an air output device and a reaction recording device, both controlled by dedicated software. The air output device is equipped with a microcontroller ESP32, which can produce an airflow from two ports by controlling the intensity of the compressed air, the duration of its output, and the inter‐trial time interval between applications. The reaction recording device is equipped with a push‐button to record the subject's response when the air is applied to the skin. We verified the applicability of this system by a two‐point discrimination test. In 14 healthy human subjects, the shortest distance at which they correctly answered that the given air was at two points was 35 mm. When we applied the air at 30 mm, the majority of the human subjects answered incorrectly that the air was only at one point when in fact it was at two points. This result was in close agreement with previously reported results obtained by direct skin stimulation methods.
Hydrodynamic adjustment subject to a submerged canopy partially obstructing a flume: Implications for junction flow behaviour
Authors: Yan Xu‐Feng , Jia Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Yu , Fang Li‐Bin , Duan Huan‐Feng , Wang Xie‐Kang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe scenario of a submerged canopy partially obstructing a channel is common in the natural aquatic flow environment. This study experimentally evaluated the flow adjustment performance and vertical flow structure adaptive to a submerged partially distributed canopy. The experimental results showed that the canopy interior velocity adjustment distance for submerged partially distributed canopies was comparable with that for emergent ones. However, it was smaller than that for submerged fully distributed canopies but comparable with that for emergent fully distributed ones. For the fully developed flow, the neighbouring open waters insignificantly impact the flow structure in the vegetation region (VR), where the mixing‐layer flow behaviour arising from the generation of the vertical coherent vortices was maintained. The vertical mixing‐layer flow behaviour characterised by pronounced vertical Reynolds shear stress transversely extended into the nonobstructed region, suggesting that the canopy‐side waters significantly impacted the neighbouring open flow. This effect decayed in the case of decreasing canopy density and as the location leaving the junction region (JR). Of importance was that near‐bed velocity deflection occurred in the JR and was facilitated by canopy density. Vertically nonuniform distribution of transverse momentum exchange from horizontal coherent vortices due to bed depression can account for the near‐bed velocity deflection. The gained knowledge allowed the development of a phenomenological model for understanding the vertical flow structure in partially vegetated channels.
One hammer for all nails? Testing the autonomy of policy instrument attitudes
Authors: Nekola Martin , Petrúšek Ivan , Musílková Markéta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolicy design is influenced by stakeholders' attitudes and contextual constraints. While the latter factor is highly variable, attitudes toward policy instruments are deemed more stable across both policy domains and time. This article uses evidence from a cross‐sectional survey of Czech university students to examine the autonomy of policy instrument attitudes (APIA) in five policy domains. Only 16% of students endorse a small set of universal instruments for a wide range of applications (so‐called instrumentalists) which indicates rather low cross‐domain consistency of attitudes (strong APIA hypothesis). Attitudes toward information instruments are correlated within policy domains, thus providing some support for the weak version of APIA. However, this association does not apply to other instruments. The results suggest that the majority of students can be seen as contingentists whose evaluation of the merits of instruments is based on instruments' suitability for a particular problem.
Upper cerebellar glucose hypermetabolism in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and interictal psychosis
Authors: Sone Daichi , Sato Noriko , Shigemoto Yoko , Kimura Yukio , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePsychosis is an important comorbidity in epilepsy, but its pathophysiology is still unknown. The imaging modality 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) is widely used to measure brain glucose metabolism, and we speculated that 18F‐FDG PET may detect characteristic alteration patterns in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and psychosis.MethodsWe enrolled 13 patients with TLE and interictal psychosis (TLE‐P) and 21 patients with TLE without psychosis (TLE‐N). All underwent interictal 18F‐FDG‐PET scanning. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM)12 software was used for the normalization process, and we performed a voxel‐wise comparison of the TLE‐P and TLE‐N groups.ResultsCerebral hypometabolic areas were observed in the ipsilateral temporal pole to hippocampus in both patient groups. In the TLE‐P group, the voxel‐wise comparison revealed significantly increased 18F‐FDG signals in the upper cerebellum, superior cerebellar peduncle, and midbrain. There were no significant between‐group metabolic differences around the focus or other cerebral areas.SignificanceOur results demonstrated significant hypermetabolism around the upper cerebellum in patients with TLE and interictal psychosis compared to patients with TLE without psychosis. These findings may reflect the involvement of the cerebellum in the underlying neurobiology of interictal psychosis and could contribute to a better understanding of this disorder.