bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced postoperative pain in patients receiving nociception monitor guided analgesia during elective major abdominal surgery: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Fuica Rivka , Krochek Carlos , Weissbrod Rachel , Greenman Dimitri , Freundlich Andres , Gozal Yaacov 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Nociception Level index (NOL™) is a multiparameter index, based on artificial intelligence for the monitoring of nociception during anesthesia. We studied the influence of NOL-guided analgesia on postoperative pain scores in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery during sevoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia. This study was designed as a single-center, prospective randomized, controlled study. After Institutional Review Board approval and written informed consent, 75 ASA 1–3 adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, were randomized to NOL-guided fentanyl dosing (NOL) or standard care (SOC) and completed the study. The sevoflurane target MAC range was 0.8–1.2. In the NOL-guided group (N = 36), when NOL values were > 25 for at least 1 min, a weight adjusted fentanyl bolus was administered. In the control group (N = 39) fentanyl administration was based on hemodynamic indices and clinician judgement. After surgery, pain, was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scale, ranging from 0 to 10, at 15 min intervals for 180 min or until patient discharge from the PACU. Median postoperative pain scores reported were 3.0 [interquartile range 0.0–5.0] and 5.0 [3.0–6.0] at 90 min in NOL-guided and control groups respectively (Bootstrap corrected actual difference 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.4–2.6). There was no difference in postoperative morphine consumption or intraoperative fentanyl consumption. Postoperative pain scores were significantly improved in nociception level index-guided patients. We attribute this to more objective fentanyl dosing when timed to actual nociceptive stimuli during anesthesia, contributing to lower levels of sympathetic activation and surgical stress. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03970291 date of registration May 31, 2019.
The Associations Between Illness Perceptions and Expectations About Return to Work of Workers With Chronic Diseases and Their Significant Others: A Dyadic Analysis
Authors: Snippen N. C. , de Vries H. J. , Roelen C. A. M. , Brouwer S. , Hagedoorn M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose To examine the associations between illness perceptions and expectations about full return to work (RTW) of workers with chronic diseases and their significant others. Methods This study used cross-sectional data of 94 dyads consisting of workers with chronic diseases and their significant others. We performed dyadic analyses based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), estimating associations of illness perceptions of the two members of the dyad with their own expectations about the worker’s full RTW within six months (actor effect) as well as with the other dyad member’s expectations about the worker’s RTW (partner effect). Results Illness perceptions of one dyad member were significantly associated with his or her own RTW expectations (actor effect composite illness perceptions score; B = −0.05, p < .001; rd = .37) and with the other dyad member’s RTW expectations (partner effect composite illness perceptions score; B = −0.04, p < .001; rd = .35). That is, more negative illness perceptions of one member of the dyad were associated with more negative RTW expectations in both dyad members. For most illness perception domains, we found small to moderate actor and partner effects on RTW expectations (rd range: .23–.44). Conclusions This study suggests that illness perceptions and RTW expectations should be considered at a dyadic level as workers and their significant others influence each other’s beliefs. When trying to facilitate adaptive illness perceptions and RTW expectations, involving significant others may be more effective than an individualistic approach targeted at the worker only.
Shallow roots of different crops have greater water uptake rates per unit length than deep roots in well-watered soil
Authors: Müllers Yannik , Postma Johannes A. , Poorter Hendrik , Kochs Johannes , Pflugfelder Daniel , Schurr Ulrich , van Dusschoten Dagmar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Commonly, root length distributions are used as a first approximation of root water uptake profiles. In this study we want to test the underlying hypothesis of a constant water uptake rate per unit root length over depth.

Methods
Root water uptake profiles were measured using a novel sensor technology. Root length was measured with MRI and by scanning harvested roots. Experiments were performed with pot-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), faba bean (Vicia faba), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo).

Results
For barley, maize, and faba bean, we found that roots in the top 15 cm had significantly greater water uptake rates per unit length than roots in the bottom 30 cm. For zucchini, the trend was similar but not significant. Therefore, variation of root water uptake rates with depth could be explained only partly (61–71%) by a variation of root length with depth.

Conclusion
The common approximation of root water uptake profiles by root length distributions relies on constant water uptake rates per unit root length. This hypothesis does not hold in our study, as we found significantly greater water uptake rates per unit length in shallower than in deeper roots. This trend was consistent among species, despite the partly strong variation in physiological parameters. We suggest that this is caused by a decreasing axial transport conductance with depth. This might result in a general underestimation of water uptake rates in shallow soil layers when they are approximated by the root length distribution.
Individual characteristics associated with risk and time preferences: A multi country representative survey
Authors: Meissner Thomas , Gassmann Xavier , Faure Corinne , Schleich Joachim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper empirically analyzes how individual characteristics are associated with risk aversion, loss aversion, time discounting, and present bias. To this end, we conduct a large-scale demographically representative survey across eight European countries. We elicit preferences using incentivized multiple price lists and jointly estimate preference parameters to account for their structural dependencies. Our findings suggest that preferences are linked to a variety of individual characteristics such as age, gender, and income as well as some personal values. We also report evidence on the relationship between cognitive ability and preferences. Incentivization, stake size, and the order of presentation of binary choices matter, underlining the importance of controlling for these factors when eliciting economic preferences.
Effects of Minority Stress on Group Identification and Collective Action among Sexual Minorities: A Longitudinal Test of the Rejection-Identification Model
Authors: Chan Randolph C. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMinority stress remains pervasive in various aspects of life among sexual minorities. Driven by the awareness of social injustice, some sexual minority individuals may undertake collective action to counteract discrimination, but this does not apply to all members of sexual minorities. The present study used a prospective, longitudinal research design to examine how different dimensions of minority stress (i.e., perceived discrimination and internalized stigma) interact to affect group identification and collective action. A total of 628 sexual minority individuals in Hong Kong were involved in the study. The results showed that prior discriminatory experiences were positively associated with collective action at follow-up through increased levels of group identification and commitment to social justice. The moderating effect of internalized stigma was found in which perceived discrimination was not significantly related to group identification and collective action among those with high levels of internalized stigma. The study extends the literature on the rejection-identification model by understanding collective action as a form of group-level coping in the face of discrimination. It highlights the importance of fostering group identification, strengthening collective action, and mitigating internalized stigma among sexual minorities in psychological practice.
The rational dimension of understanding
Authors: Belkoniene Miloud 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is natural to regard understanding as having a rational dimension, in the sense that understanding seems to require having justification for holding certain beliefs about the world. Some philosophers however argue that justification is not required to gain understanding of phenomena. In the present paper, my intention is to provide a critical examination of the arguments that have been offered against the view that understanding requires justification in order to show that, contrary to what they purport to establish, justification remains a plausible requirement on understanding.
How to assist the students while learning from text? Effects of inserting adjunct questions on text processing
Authors: Rubio Alba , Vidal-Abarca Eduardo , Serrano-Mendizábal Marian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of text-inserted questions and post-text-reading questions, i.e., questions timing, on students’ processing and learning when studying challenging texts. Seventy-six freshmen read two science texts and answered ten adjunct questions with the text available, being tested on learning 5 days afterwards. Questions were presented either after reading the whole text or inserted in the text after reading the relevant information. Online processing data were recorded while reading and searching the texts, and measures of processing strategies (i.e., paraphrases, elaborations) while answering the questions were collected. Compared to students in the post-reading condition, those in the inserted condition spent more time reading the text initially, were more efficient at searching for information in the text, and produced more accurate elaborations, all of which may explain why answering inserted questions in an available text were more effective in terms of learning than answering post-reading questions. Limitations and educational implications of these results are also discussed.
A reproducible and repeatable digital method for quantifying nasal and sinus airway changes following suture palatine expansion
Authors: Tzironi Georgia , Zubizarreta-Macho Álvaro , Guinot-Barona Clara , Pérez-Barquero Jorge Alonso , Arias Santiago , Vicente-Galindo Purificación , Martínez Alberto Albaladejo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The airway complex is modified by palatine expansion. Computer tomography has been used in the past to determine the change in volume, but there was a lack of a specific, reproducible method for this purpose. The present study sought to determine the accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of an innovative digital measurement technique for analyzing the volume of maxillary and nasal sinus airways following suture palatine expansion performed with the Hyrax disyuntor appliance.

Methods
Patients underwent preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The datasets were subsequently uploaded into a digital treatment planning software to record the volume of the right and left maxillary sinus, as well as the nasal and maxillary sinus airway complex. The Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility statistical analysis methodology was used to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of this measurement technique when measuring the volume of maxillary and nasal sinus airways following suture palatine expansion with the Hyrax disyuntor appliance. Additionally, comparative analysis between preoperative and postoperative measures was performed using Student’s t-test for statistical analysis.

Results
In 5 patients, paired t-tests found statistically significant differences before and after treatment in the volumes of the left maxillary sinus (p = 0.002), right maxillary sinus (p = 0.001), and nasal and maxillary sinus airway complex (p = 0.005) after suture palatine expansion with the Hyrax disyuntor appliance.

Conclusion
The proposed digital technique is an accurate, repeatable, and reproducible measurement technique for analyzing the volume of maxillary and nasal sinus airways following suture palatine expansion using the Hyrax disyuntor.
Temperaments and orthorexia nervosa: a cross-cultural study between Germany and Lebanon
Authors: Obeid Sahar , Awad Emmanuelle , Wachten Hanna , Hallit Souheil , Strahler Jana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the association between affective temperaments and orthorexic eating and whether temperament may explain cross-cultural differences in this behavior while considering the two dimensions of orthorexic eating, healthy (HeOr) and nervosa (OrNe). To accomplish this, 337 and 389 individuals were recruited in Lebanon and Germany, respectively. The brief version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego explored depressive, hyperthymic, cyclothymic, anxious and irritable temperaments, and the Teruel Orthorexia scale explored orthorexic eating. HeOr appeared comparable between countries but OrNe was higher in Lebanon. In terms of affective temperaments, the higher the depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments, the higher were the levels of OrNe. Only the hyperthymic temperament scale was positively associated with HeOr. Three-step regression analysis indicated only gender as a unique predictor for HeOr. By contrast, gender, depressive, hyperthymic, and anxious temperament as well as the two-way interactions country*depressive temperament and country*hyperthymic temperament were significant predictors of OrNe. The positive association between OrNe and depressive temperament was only found for the German sample while the negative association between hyperthymic temperament and OrNe was somewhat stronger in the Lebanese sample. Overall, a higher healthy interest in diet was linked to the hyperthymic temperament. Findings emphasized the role of temperaments in pathological orthorexic eating in general as well as in explaining cross-cultural differences in these behaviors. The assessment of temperaments could help to fit treatments for eating pathologies to individuals from different cultures, focusing interventions more on these aspects.
Integrated Photothermal Nanoreactors for Efficient Hydrogenation of CO2
Authors: Shen Jiahui , Tang Rui , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Xiao , Chu Mingyu , Cai Mujin , Zhang Chengcheng , Zhang Liang , Yin Kui , He Le , Li Chaoran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo alleviate the energy crisis and global warming, photothermal catalysis is an attractive way to efficiently convert CO2 and renewable H2 into value-added fuels and chemicals. However, the catalytic performance is usually restricted by the trade-off between the dispersity and light absorption property of metal catalysts. Here we demonstrate a simple SiO2-protected metal–organic framework pyrolysis strategy to fabricate a new type of integrated photothermal nanoreactor with a comparatively high metal loading, dispersity, and stability. The core-satellite structured Co@SiO2 exhibits strong sunlight-absorptive ability and excellent catalytic activity in CO2 hydrogenation, which is ascribed to the functional separation of different sizes of Co nanoparticles. Large-sized plasmonic Co nanoparticles are mainly responsible for the light absorption and conversion to heat (nanoheaters), whereas small-sized Co nanoparticles with high intrinsic activities are responsible for the catalysis (nanoreactors). This study provides a new concept for designing efficient photothermal catalytic materials.
What’s on Your Mind, NICO?
Authors: Kerzel Matthias , Ambsdorf Jakob , Becker Dennis , Lu Wenhao , Strahl Erik , Spisak Josua , Gäde Connor , Weber Tom , Wermter Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExplainable AI has become an important field of research on neural machine learning models. However, most existing methods are designed as tools that provide expert users with additional insights into their models. In contrast, in human-robot interaction scenarios, non-expert users are frequently confronted with complex, embodied AI systems whose inner workings are unknown. Therefore, eXplainable Human-Robot Interaction (XHRI) should leverage the user’s intuitive ability to collaborate and to use efficient communication. Using NICO, the Neuro-Inspired COmpanion, as a use-case study, we propose an XHRI framework and show how different types of explanations enhance the interaction experience. These explanations range from (a) non-verbal cues for simple and intuitive feedback of inner states via (b) comprehensive verbal explanations of the robot’s intentions, knowledge and reasoning to (c) multimodal explanations using visualizations, speech and text. We revisit past HRI-related studies conducted with NICO and analyze them with the proposed framework. Furthermore, we present two novel XHRI approaches to extract suitable verbal and multimodal explanations from neural network modules in an HRI scenario.
Social Class and Social Cohesion among American Jews
Authors: Kotler-Berkowitz Laurence , Sheskin Ira M. 
Published: August 2022

Background Distinctions in social class and their implications for social cohesion have periodically emerged among American Jews, but they largely receded in the last quarter of the 20th century as most Jews reached middle and upper class status. The connections between them have received little attention since then. Purpose We revisit the relationship between social class and social cohesion among American Jews. Though American Jews have been disproportionately located in the middle and upper social classes for many decades, they are nonetheless still stratified internally by social class distinctions. Our research asks: are the social class distinctions that continue to stratify American Jews related to their social cohesion? Methods We use data from 27 local Jewish community studies pooled into one data file with 24,733 cases. We measure social class with a bi-directional index composed of income and education, and we measure social cohesion with a question on feeling part of the local Jewish community. We analyze these data using generalized linear mixed models that adjust for clustering by community and specify a cumulative logit link for ordinal outcomes. Our models include other predictors of social cohesion and interaction terms between social class and the other predictors. We also calculate model-based probabilities for dependent variable outcomes. Results Modest, positive relationships are found between social class and social cohesion. As social class status increases, so too do felt connections to the local Jewish community. Social class also variably interacts with every other predictor, strengthening the relationship between social class and social cohesion among certain subsegments of the population and reducing it among others. Conclusions and implications Even as American Jews are disproportionately located in the middle and upper social classes, social class continues to stratify them, to modestly reduce the group's overall social cohesion, and to concentrate social cohesion among those with higher social class status. The relationship between social class and social cohesion has implications for social class bias in the processes and dynamics of the organized Jewish community that warrant further research.
Exploring regional and sociodemographic disparities associated with unenrollment for the disease management program for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Bayesian spatial modelling
Authors: Kauhl B , Vietzke M , König J , Schönfelder M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The disease management program (DMP) for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the largest DMP in Germany. Our goal was to analyze regional differences in unenrollment rates, suggest areas for intervention and provide background information, which population groups in which locations are currently not enrolled in the DMP for T2DM.

Methods
In this study, we used data of the 1.7 mil. insurants of the AOK Nordost health insurance. For the visualization of enrollment potential, we used the Besag-York-Mollie model (BYM). The spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) was used to detect areas of unusually high rates of unenrolled diabetics to prioritize areas for intervention. To explore sociodemographic associations, we used Bayesian spatial global regression models. A Spatially varying coefficient model (SVC) revealed in how far the detected associations vary over space.

Results
The proportion of diabetics currently not enrolled in the DMP T2DM was 36.8% in 2019 and varied within northeastern Germany. Local clusters were detected mainly in Mecklenburg-West-Pomerania and Berlin. The main sociodemographic variables associated with unenrollment were female sex, younger age, being unemployed, foreign citizenship, small household size and the proportion of persons commuting to work outside their residential municipality. The SVC model revealed important spatially varying effects for some but not all associations.

Conclusion
Lower socioeconomic status and foreign citizenship had an ubiquitous effect on not being enrolled. The DMP T2DM therefore does currently not reach those population groups, which have a higher risk for secondary diseases and possible avoidable hospitalizations. Logically, future interventions should focus on these groups. Our methodology clearly suggests areas for intervention and points out, which population group in which locations should be specifically approached.
Forecast for the US CRM Industry and Job Market, 2022–2031
Authors: Altschul Jeffrey H. , Klein Terry H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn the next 10 years, the US cultural resource management (CRM) industry will grow in terms of monies spent on CRM activities and the size of the CRM labor force. Between US fiscal years 2022 and 2031, annual spending on CRM will increase from about $1.46 to $1.85 billion, due in part to growth in the US economy but also to an added $1 billion of CRM activities conducted in response to the newly passed infrastructure bill. The increased spending will lead to the creation of about 11,000 new full-time positions in all CRM fields. Archaeologists will be required to fill more than 8,000 positions, and of these, about 70% will require advanced degrees. Based on current graduation rates, there will be a significant MA/PhD-level job deficit. Accordingly, there is a compelling need to (a) stop the trend to close or decrease the size of current graduate programs, (b) reorient academic programs to give a greater emphasis to the skills needed to be successful in CRM, and (c) better integrate academic and applied archaeology to leverage the vast amount of data that will be generated in the next decade to best benefit the public.