bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Network Meta-Analysis and GRADE Assessment of the Effect of Preoperative Oral Antibiotics with and Without Mechanical Bowel Preparation on Surgical Site Infection Rate in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Jalalzadeh Hasti , Wolfhagen Niels , Harmsen Wouter J. , Griekspoor Mitchel , Boermeester Marja A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To compare the effect of different methods of bowel preparation on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI), anastomotic leakage (AL), and mortality in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Background:
Recent guidelines advise mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics (MBP-OA) for the prevention of SSI in colorectal surgery. Recent trials suggest oral antibiotics (OA) alone may be sufficient.

Methods:
PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched from inception until 10-08-2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing multiple methods of bowel preparation (mechanical bowel preparation [MBP], OA, MBP-OA, or no preparation) with regards to clinical outcomes such as incidence of SSI, AL, and mortality rates. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the network effects of the different treatment options.

Results:
We included 48 studies with 13,611 patients. Compared to no preparation, combined direct and indirect network estimates showed a relative risk (RR) for SSI of 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.72) for MBP-OA, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.49–0.95) for OA, and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.87–1.26) for MBP. The RR for MBP-OA compared to OA was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.60–1.19); in sensitivity analysis of mainly laparoscopic procedures this effect of MBP-OA was more profound (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31–0.99).

Conclusions:
This network meta-analysis of RCTs finds that both mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics and oral antibiotics alone are comparably effective in the prevention of SSI. The evidence is uncertain about the relative benefit of MBP-OA compared to OA alone. Therefore, it seems justified to use either of the 2 for the prevention of SSI in colorectal surgery.
Malignant pleural disease: a pragmatic guide to diagnosis
Authors: Chang Christopher H. , Ost David E. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The diagnosis of malignant pleural disease is important in the care of patients with cancer. However, a one-size-fits-all approach to diagnosis may lead to delays in care as the sensitivity of each biopsy modality varies and can be dependent on the tumor type. We review current literature on pleural biopsy techniques and propose a diagnostic algorithm for suspected malignant pleural disease.

Recent findings
Recent literature has shown that the sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology varies based on tumor type resulting in a limited value of repeated thoracenteses in many cases. Furthermore, the ability to test for molecular biomarkers on pleural fluid samples has contributed to the recommendations to send large volumes of pleural fluid for analysis. Studies have also supported the consideration of medical thoracoscopy earlier in the diagnostic work-up of malignant pleural disease.

Summary
The decision to repeat a diagnostic thoracentesis when suspecting malignant pleural effusions should take into account the primary tumor type. Open pleural biopsy with medical thoracoscopy has been shown to be a relatively safe diagnostic modality with high sensitivity and should be considered in patients with a nondiagnostic thoracentesis.
Impact of night orthotic managements on gastroc-soleus complex tightness in pediatric with flexible flatfoot: Systematic review
Authors: Payehdar Sahar , Taheri Alireza , Tahririan Mohammadali 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Equinus generally is linked to many foot and ankle pathologies. A reasonably convincing relationship was found between isolated gastrocnemius or Achilles contracture and the flatfoot deformity. Achilles' tightness in flatfoot children can lead to future pain and disability, which makes it more important than other types of flatfeet. Findings in the literature suggest stretching and orthotic management as a conservative treatment for this compound disorder.

Objective:
This review aimed to examine the impact of orthotic managements on gastroc-soleus complex tightness in pediatric with flexible flatfoot.

Study design:
Systematic review.

Methods:
A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed to find relevant articles. The level of evidence and quality was identified using Downs and Black (1998). This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Results:
Three hundred fifty-seven studies were found by searching electronic databases. After removing duplicate documents, 190 documents remained. Three other articles were identified from the screened of related references. During title/abstract screening, 193 studies were excluded and no study was selected for full consideration for the present review.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, no study assessed the impact of orthotic management on gastroc-soleus complex tightness in children with flexible flatfoot. These devices have been proposed in spastic and nonspastic patients. Hence, researches that show whether these devices can be effective on gastrocnemius or Achilles tendon tightness in flatfoot children or not will be worthwhile.
Usability of Self-Management for Amputee Rehabilitation using Technology (SMART): An online self-management program for users with lower limb loss
Authors: Esfandiari Elham , Miller William C. , King Sheena 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Individuals with lower limb loss (LLL) need education to adapt to their amputation. Self-management programs provide education and supportive skills to manage health-related physical and psychological challenges. eHealth technologies, such as online platforms, are increasing access to educational resources. We designed an online self-management program for individuals with LLL called Self-Management for Amputee Rehabilitation using Technology (SMART); however, before evaluating its efficacy, we wanted to understand its appropriateness in the target population.

Objective:
To assess the usability of SMART among individuals with LLL.

Study Design:
The study used a concurrent and retrospective think-aloud process.

Methods:
Individuals with LLL, aged 18 years or older (n = 9), reviewed the modules during an online video conferencing session with an assessor. SMART included four stakeholder-informed modules with 18 total sections. Participants were asked to think aloud while completing 11 SMART tasks, such as entering SMART, goal setting, finding skin care, and reading the content of 10 sections, including limb care, diet, fatigue, and energy. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results:
The median age was 58 (range: 30–69) years. Overall, SMART was perceived as straightforward, easy to navigate, and an accessible resource for education and skills. Difficulties were identified with navigation (e.g. skipping the “Foot care for diabetes” section), presentation (e.g. unclear audio), and language (e.g. pistoning and contracture).

Conclusions:
SMART was redesigned to address the usability issues. The next step is to explore the perceived usefulness of SMART for content and intention to use.
The impact of posture correction bands on the respiratory function of healthy adults in their twenties: The difference between men and women
Authors: Park Tae Sung , Kim Sang Hun , Jang Myung Hun , Kim Soo Yeon , Min Ji Hong , Shin Myung-Jun 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Recently, interest in posture correction has increased in Korea owing to increased smartphone usage. However, there have been no studies to evaluate the impact of wearing a posture correction band with an abdominal band on breathing and respiratory function.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 32 healthy adults, consisting of 16 men (mean age: 23.19 ± 2.88) and 16 women (mean age: 19.69 ± 1.49) participated in this study. Pulmonary function tests were conducted before and after wearing posture correction bands.

Results:
In all the participants, forced vital capacity decreased significantly (P < .05) after wearing a posture correction band. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second and maximal inspiratory pressure decreased slightly (P > .05). The maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and peak cough flow (PCF) increased slightly (P > .05). When respiratory functions were monitored separately in men and women after wearing a posture correction band, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were significantly reduced in men (P < .05). In women, MEP and PCF increased significantly (P < .05).

Conclusions:
In this study, we confirmed that the posture correction band had an effect on respiratory function. Lung capacity was statistically significantly reduced but was not clinically significant. In addition, in the case of women, it was confirmed that the abdominal band improved the MEP and PCF.
Large Isolated Nasoorbital Type of Frontoethmoidal Encephalomeningocele
Authors: Charoenvicha Chirakan , Khwanngern Krit , Sirimaharaj Wimon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele (FEEM) is a rare congenital craniofacial malformation with increased incidence in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand. Because of its rarity, main treatment obstacles include the lack of surgical treatment techniques and long-term postoperative follow-up data. The authors present the case of a 9-month-old boy who was born with a large isolated nasoorbital type of FEEM, which had a pressure effect on his right eye, nose, and facial complex. Preoperative computed tomography of the facial bone was performed to evaluate the external bony defect. This study aims to present surgical correction of FEEM with Chula's technique and long-term 7-year postoperative follow-up including both clinical and imaging aspects.
Novel Complement C5 Small-interfering RNA Lipid Nanoparticle Prolongs Graft Survival in a Hypersensitized Rat Kidney Transplant Model
Authors: Ishigooka Hidetoshi , Katsumata Haruki , Saiga Kan , Tokita Daisuke , Motoi Sotaro , Matsui Chiyuki , Suzuki Yuta , Tomimatsu Ayaka , Nakatani Tomoya , Kuboi Yoshikazu , Yamakawa Takafumi , Ikeda Takashi , Ishii Rumi , Imai Toshio , Takagi Toshio , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: June 2022

Background.
Prophylaxis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) caused by donor-specific antibodies remains challenging. Given the critical roles of complement activity in antibody-mediated graft injury, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation of small-interfering RNA against complement C5 (C5 siRNA-LNP) and investigated whether C5 siRNA-LNP could downregulate the complement activity and act as an effective treatment for AMR.

Methods.
Lewis recipient rats were sensitized by skin grafting from Brown Norway donor rats. Kidney transplantation was performed at 4 wk post–skin grafting.
C5 siRNA- or control siRNA-LNP was administered intravenously, and the weekly injections were continued until the study’s conclusion. Cyclosporin (CsA) and/or deoxyspergualin (DSG) were used as adjunctive immunosuppressants. Complement activity was evaluated using hemolysis assays. The deposition of C5b9 in the grafts was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis on day 7 posttransplantation.

Results.
C5 siRNA-LNP completely suppressed C5 expression and complement activity (hemolytic activity ≤ 20%) 7 d postadministration. C5 siRNA-LNP in combination with CsA and DSG (median survival time: 56.0 d) prolonged graft survival compared with control siRNA-LNP in combination with CsA and DSG (median survival time: 21.0 d; P = 0.0012; log-rank test). Immunohistochemical analysis of the grafts revealed that downregulation of C5 expression was associated with a reduction in C5b9-positive area (P = 0.0141, Steel-Dwass test).

Conclusions.
C5 siRNA-LNP combined with immunosuppressants CsA and DSG downregulated C5 activity and significantly prolonged graft survival compared with control siRNA-LNP with CsA and DSG. Downregulation of C5 expression using C5 siRNA-LNP may be an effective therapeutic approach for AMR.
Belatacept Treatment of Recurrent Late-onset T Cell–mediated Rejection/Antibody-mediated Rejection With De Novo Donor-specific Antibodies in a Liver Transplant Patient
Authors: Klintmalm Göran B. , Trotter James F. , Demetris Anthony 
Published: June 2022

Background.
T cell–mediated rejection that appears and persists late after transplantation is often associated with development of de novo donor-specific antibodies. Treatment of this condition often presents a conundrum because of the uncertainty regarding the trade-off between immunosuppression-related toxicities/complications and restoration of allograft function and structure.

Methods.
Herein, we report an illustrative case of a young 20-y-old otherwise healthy woman who underwent liver replacement for Alagille’s syndrome from an ABO-compatible, 6 antigen-mismatched crossmatch-negative 24-y-old man. Although triple baseline immunosuppression was used (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone), she developed rejection 3 d after liver replacement. Despite verified continual immunosuppression compliance, 1.5 y after liver replacement she experienced 6 more rejection episodes over the following 18 mo and development of de novo donor-specific antibody.

Results.
Treatment with belatacept began 3.5 y after transplantation, normalizing her liver tests with no further rejections. A biopsy obtained 6 y after transplantation (postoperative day 2221) was normal, appearing without inflammation or residual fibrosis.

Conclusions.
Belatacept may be a useful treatment approach in this setting.
Notch2 signaling guides B cells away from germinal centers towards marginal zone B cell and plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Babushku T. , Lechner M. , Yates A. J. , Rane S. , Zimber-Strobl U. , Strobl L. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNotch2 signaling has a profound role in driving the development of Marginal Zone B (MZB) cells. We recently demonstrated that Follicular B (FoB) cells act as precursors for MZB cells in mice, but the mechanistic aspects of this differentiation pathway are still elusive. By studying Notch signaling in CBF:H2B-Venus Notch-reporter mice, we show that most B cells receive a Notch signal, which is highest in MZB cells. However, surprisingly, around one-third of MZB cells seem to lose their Notch signal with time. Conditional deletion or constitutive activation of Notch2 in mice upon T-cell-dependent (TD) immunization unraveled an interplay between antigen-induced activation and Notch2 signaling, in which FoB cells that turn off the Notch pathway enter germinal centers, whereas FoB cells with high Notch signals undergo MZB cell or plasmablast differentiation. Input of experimental data into a mathematical modeling framework reveals that MZB cells regularly emerge from antigen-activated FoB cells in a Notch2-dependent manner upon TD immunization.
Exploring Religious leaders’ experiences and challenges on Childbirth at Health Institutions. A qualitative study
Authors: Abebe Lakew , Birhanu Zewdie , Bergen Nicole , Bulcha Gebeyehu , Haji Kunuz , Kulkarni Manisha , Kurji Jaameeta , Abera Mulumebet , Mamo Abebe , Labonté Ronald , Morankar Sudhakar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildbirth at health institutions is critical to preventing major maternal and newborn deaths. In low and middle-income countries, many women still give childbirth without skilled assistance. Religious leaders may play a crucial role to promote childbirth at health institutions. So, this study aims to explore religious leaders’ experiences and challenges in childbirth preparedness and childbirth at health institutions.MethodsAfter ethical approval was secured from Jimma University, Ethiopia, and the University of Ottawa, Health Sciences and Research Ethics Boards, Canada an exploratory study was conducted from Nov 2016 to February 2017.Data were collected from 24 religious leaders. Atlas ti software 7.5.18 package was used to assist the analysis. Identified themes and categories were interpreted and discussed with related studies.ResultsLower awareness level, family needs for traditional birth rituals at home, lack of access to roads and transportation, lack of medical supplies, poor quality of health care provision and lack of respect for laboring mothers were the challenges raised by study participants. There was a traditional way of childbirth preparedness but is not matched due to economic status and level of awareness. The majority are inclined to say that destiny of maternal health outcome is determined by God/Allah’s will though not contradicting childbirth at a health institution.ConclusionA comprehensive approach to include religious leaders to increase awareness and positive beliefs towards childbirth at health institutions should be considered. Health institution factors such as respect for laboring mothers, medical supplies, and equipment should be improved. Access to roads or transportation also needs to be communicated to responsible bodies and community leaders to improve transportation problems.
Hox11-expressing interstitial cells contribute to adult skeletal muscle at homeostasis
Authors: Flynn Corey G.K. , Guo Qingyuan , Van Ginkel Paul R. , Hrycaj Steven M. , McDermott Aubrey E. , Madruga Angelo , Wellik Deneen M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdult skeletal muscle possesses remarkable regenerative capacity. This is attributed to tissue-specific stem cells, satellite cells. Interstitial stromal cells also play critical roles in muscle, and we have previously reported that Hoxa11 and Hoxd11, expressed in the interstitial cells of muscles that attach to the zeugopod (radius and ulna), are critical for the proper patterning and development of these muscles during embryogenesis. Using a Hoxa11eGFP knock-in reporter, we show that expression continues in a subset of muscle interstitial cells through adult stages. Using Hoxa11-CreERT2 mediated lineage reporting induced at adult stages, we observe lineage initiation only in the interstitial cells of muscle, as expected. However, this Hoxa11-expressing interstitial cell lineage progressively contributes to muscle fibers at postnatal and adult stages. The contribution to these muscles at adult homeostasis significantly exceeds parallel Pax7-CreERT2 mediated lineage labeling performed in parallel. To confirm that interstitial cell nuclear contents are contributed to muscle fibers, we additionally used the nuclear specific lineage reporter, ROSA-LSL-H2BmCherry with Hoxa11-CreERT2 and observe that Hoxa11-expressing interstitial cells contribute their nuclei to myofibers. Hox lineage contribution is observed into all four muscle sub-types over months of lineage labeling. At no point after Hoxa11-mediated lineage induction do we observe lineage labeling into Pax7-expressing satellite cells. This adds to a small but growing body of evidence that supports a satellite cell-independent source of muscle tissue in vivo.Summary StatementHoxa11 expression marks a novel population of muscle interstitial cells capable of extensive, satellite cell-independent contribution to skeletal muscle fibers during adult homeostasis.
Viral load and timing of infection define neutralization diversity to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Miyamoto Sho , Arashiro Takeshi , Ueno Akira , Kanno Takayuki , Saito Shinji , Katano Harutaka , Iida Shun , Ainai Akira , Ozono Seiya , Hemmi Takuya , Hirata Yuichiro , Moriyama Saya , Kotaki Ryutaro , Kinoshita Hitomi , Yamada Souichi , Shinkai Masaharu , Fukushi Shuetsu , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Suzuki Tadaki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases has diversified due to complex combinations of exposure to vaccination and infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in understanding immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in breakthrough infections are determined by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval, but not by the lineage of infecting viruses. Notably, the time interval, but not the viral load, may play a critical role in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2. This illustrates the importance of dosing interval optimization in addition to antigen design in the development of variant-proof booster vaccines.One-Sentence SummaryViral load and infection timing define the magnitude and breadth of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization after breakthrough infection.
PlantCADB: A comprehensive plant chromatin accessibility database
Authors: Ding Ke , Sun Shanwen , Long Chaoyue , Luo Yang , Zhai Jingwen , Zhai Yixiao , Wang Guohua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChromatin accessibility landscapes are essential for detecting regulatory elements, illustrating the corresponding regulatory networks, and, ultimately, understanding the molecular bases underlying key biological processes. With the advancement of sequencing technologies, a large volume of chromatin accessibility data has been accumulated and integrated in humans and other mammals. These data have greatly advanced the study of disease pathogenesis, cancer survival prognosis, and tissue development. To advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating plant key traits and biological processes, we developed a comprehensive plant chromatin accessibility database (PlantCADB, https://bioinfor.nefu.edu.cn/PlantCADB/) from 649 samples of 37 species. Among these samples, 159 are abiotic stress-related (including heat, cold, drought, salt, etc.), 232 are development-related and 376 are tissue-specific. Overall, 18,339,426 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) were compiled. These ACRs were annotated with genomic information, associated genes, transcription factors footprint, motif, and SNPs. Additionally, PlantCADB provides various tools to visualize ACRs and corresponding annotations. It thus forms an integrated, annotated, and analyzed plant-related chromatin accessibility information which can aid to better understand genetic regulatory networks underlying development, important traits, stress adaptions, and evolution.