bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cationic photopolymerization of cyclic esters at elevated temperatures and their application in hot lithography
Authors: Mete Yazgan , Seidler Konstanze , Gorsche Christian , Koch Thomas , Knaack Patrick , Liska Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 3D printing of polyesters is most commonly performed using polylactide filaments for material extrusion (formerly known as fused‐deposition modelling) or by introducing methacrylate end‐groups to polyesters, which can be polymerized by a radical mechanism. However, cyclic esters can also be polymerized via cationic ring‐opening photopolymerization, which opens up the possibility of using high‐resolution stereolithography as the method of choice to form polyester networks in situ during the printing process. Hereby, we present the first approach to 3D print polyesters starting directly from ε‐caprolactone via stereolithography at elevated temperatures, by introducing low amounts of crosslinks into the material to provide stability to the structure but maintain its degradable character and especially semicrystallinity. Photorheology tests showed that high temperatures and the introduction of crosslinkers led to increased reactivity and fast gelation. By performing tensile tests, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and simultaneous thermal analysis the material properties were evaluated depending on the amount and type of crosslinker. It was shown that decreasing the amount of crosslinker significantly increased the crystallinity and influenced the mechanical properties as well as shape memory properties. Finally, successful 3D printing of a polyester was performed using 10 mol% of a crosslinker with oxetane moieties and 90 mol% ε‐caprolactone at 120 °C. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Sympathy and active defending behaviors among Chinese adolescent bystanders: A moderated mediation model of attitude toward bullying and school connectedness
Authors: Feng Tingting , Wang Xinyi , Chen Qiuxu , Liu Xingchang , Yang Lihong , Liu Simeng , Zhang Yuchi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study tested the mediating role of bullying attitudes and moderating role of school connectedness in the link between sympathy and Chinese adolescents’ active defending behaviors in bullying. Participants were 808 Chinese adolescents (53.3% male,Mage = 12.40, SD = 0.50). The results showed that sympathy was significantly positively correlated with active defending behaviors through bullying attitudes. In addition, school connectedness could moderate the relationship between sympathy and active defending behaviors. Specifically, the positive correlation between sympathy and active defending behaviors was stronger for adolescents with a high level of school connectedness. These findings emphasize the importance of considering complex multiple ecological level factors when examining bullying bystander.
Beyond the “I” framework: Improving emotional expression and increasing social connectedness among college athletes through the psychological displacement paradigm in diary‐writing
Authors: Hsu Yawen , Lin Tesu Yi , Lu Frank J. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explored the effects of a 6‐week psychological displacement paradigm in diary‐writing (PDPD) intervention on alexithymia and social connectedness in Taiwanese college athletes at the individual and interpersonal levels. The sample comprised 87 participants (Mage = 19.80 ± 0.75 years). After a pretest, the individual writing group engaged in individual and interpersonal PDPD twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks. A posttest was conducted after the interventions, and a follow‐up test was conducted 2 months later. Both the individual and interpersonal writing groups scored lower than did the control group on difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings in the posttest, and the effects persisted at follow‐up. Moreover, PDPD contributed to an increase in social connectedness. This study provided evidence of the effects of individual and interpersonal PDPD on athletes' emotion control and emotion regulation.
Interaction‐Enhanced Coating of Energetic Material: A Generally Applicable Method for the Desensitization
Authors: Song Yulan , Huang Qi , Zhang Jinhao , Zhang Yujia , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInspired by the better desensitizing effect introduced by enhanced interaction, ammonium formate (Am) was utilized to modify graphene oxide (GO) and the functional graphene oxide (Am−GO) was obtained in this work, which was endowed with more amino groups and completely positive charge. Due to the modification and corresponding enhanced interaction, the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of HMX/Am−GO can be desensitized to 40 J and 192 N, respectively. To further desensitize the friction sensitivity, graphite (G) was utilized to replace part of Am−GO. And HMX/Am−GO/G was endowed with 40 J and 360 N of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity respectively, which is the best desensitizing effect of HMX to our best knowledge. Furthermore, CL‐20 and DNTF were coated by the same coating, which also can be desensitized with the best effect. In addition, because the coating process is performed in water at room temperature, this desensitization is environment‐friendly and benefit for the large scale of production. This work demonstrates the improved desensitizing effect with enhanced interaction and provides a potential general applicable method for desensitization.
The evolving landscape of prostate cancer somatic mutations
Authors: Cotter Kellie , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe landscape of somatic mutations in prostate cancer (PCa) has quickly evolved over the past years.ResultsThis evolution was in part due to the improved quality and lower cost of genomic sequencing platforms available to an ever‐larger group of clinicians and researchers. The result of these efforts is a better understanding of early and late mutations that are enriched or nearly exclusive to treated PCa. There are, however, some important limitations to the current knowledge. The expanding variety of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assays either capture a wide spectrum of mutations but at low coverage or are focused panels that cover a select number of genes, most often cancer‐related, at a deep coverage. Both of these approaches have their advantages, but ultimately miss low‐frequency mutations or fail to cover the spectrum of potential mutations. Additionally, some alterations, such as the common ETS gene fusions, require a mixture of DNA and RNA analysis to capture the true frequency. Finally, almost all studies rely on bulk PCa tumor samples, which fail to consider tumor heterogeneity. Given all these caveats, the true picture of the somatic landscape of PCa continues to develop.SummaryIn this review, the focus will be on how the landscape of mutations evolves during disease progression considering therapy. It will focus on a select group of early and late mutations and utilize SPOP mutations to illustrate recurrent alterations that may have clinical implications.
Future directions for precision oncology in prostate cancer
Authors: Mizuno Kei , Beltran Himisha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClinical genomic testing is becoming routine in prostate cancer, as biomarker‐driven therapies such as poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and anti‐PD1 immunotherapy are now approved for select men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer harboring alterations in DNA repair genes. Challenges for precision medicine in prostate cancer include an overall low prevalence of actionable genomic alterations and a still limited understanding of the impact of tumor heterogeneity and co‐occurring alterations on treatment response and outcomes across diverse patient populations. Expanded tissue‐based technologies such as whole‐genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, epigenetic analysis, and single‐cell RNA sequencing have not yet entered the clinical realm and could potentially improve upon our understanding of how molecular features of tumors, intratumoral heterogeneity, and the tumor microenvironment impact therapy response and resistance. Blood‐based technologies including cell‐free DNA, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are less invasive molecular profiling resources that could also help capture intraindividual tumor heterogeneity and track dynamic changes that occur in the context of specific therapies. Furthermore, molecular imaging is an important biomarker tool within the framework of prostate cancer precision medicine with a capability to detect heterogeneity across metastases and potential therapeutic targets less invasively. Here, we review recent technological advances that may help promote the future implementation and value of precision oncology testing for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Androgen receptor genomic alterations and treatment resistance in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Kwan Edmond M. , Wyatt Alexander W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenomic alterations to the androgen receptor (AR) are common in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).ARcopy number amplifications, ligand‐binding domain missense mutations, and intronic structural rearrangements can all drive resistance to approved AR pathway inhibitors and their detection via tissue or liquid biopsy is linked to clinical outcomes. With an increasingly crowded treatment landscape, there is hope thatARgenomic alterations can act as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers to guide patient management.MethodsIn this review, we evaluate the current evidence forARgenomic alterations as clinical biomarkers in mCRPC, focusing on correlative studies that have used plasma circulating tumor DNA to characterizeARgenotype.ResultsWe highlight data that demonstrates the complexity ofARgenotype within individual patients, and suggest that future studies should account for cancer clonal heterogeneity and variable tumor content in liquid biopsy samples. Given the potential for cooccurrence of multipleARgenomic alterations in the same or competing subclones of a patient, it is distinctly challenging to attribute blanket clinical significance to any individual alteration. This challenge is further complicated by the varied treatment exposures in contemporary patients, and the fact thatARgenotype continues to evolve in the mCRPC setting across sequential lines of systemic therapy.ConclusionsAs treatment access and liquid biopsy technology continues to improve, we posit that real‐time measures of AR biology are likely to play a key role in emerging precision oncology strategies for metastatic prostate cancer.
NiC2O4 ⋅ 2H2O Nanoflakes: A Novel Redox‐mediated Intercalative Pseudocapacitive Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications in Aqueous KOH and Neutral Na2SO4 electrolytes
Authors: Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Singh Abhijeet Kumar , Mondal Rakesh , Singh Preetam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudocapacitors with the accessibility of different oxidation states for redox‐mediated charge storage can achieve higher energy density compared to EDLC. NiC2O4 ⋅ 2H2O is envisaged here as a potential pseudocapacitive electrode that works with the accessibility of the Ni2+/3+ redox couple in the flexible structural network due to the presence of planar oxalate anions (C2O42−) supported by the 3‐dimensional hydrogen bonding network of crystal water. The NiC2O4 ⋅ 2H2O electrode showed a superior specific capacitance equivalent to 990 F/g in the potential window of 0 to 0.45 V observed in aqueous KOH electrolyte and 440 F/g in 1 M neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte in the potential window of 0 to 0.85 V. Predominant intercalative mechanism seems to play an important role behind the high charge storage capacity of NiC2O4 ⋅ 2H2O electrode and the interactive contribution was found to be ∼84 % and surface contribution was found to be ∼16 % respectively. Further, in full cell asymmetric supercapacitor (AAS) mode in KOH electrolyte, in which NiC2O4 ⋅ 2H2O is made as the positive electrode and Activated Carbon (AC) is made as the negative electrode, the highest specific energy of 141.5 Wh/kg and specific power of ∼559 W/kg at 0.2 A/g current density was obtained with superior cyclic stability. The detailed electrochemical studies confirm high cyclic stability and stable performance that makes NiC2O4 ⋅ 2H2O a potential pseudocapacitive electrode for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping Enabled by a LiPON Nanolayer on PP Separator
Authors: Pang Yuncong , Guan Min , Pan Yilan , Tian Mao , Huang Kai , Jiang Chunzhi , Xiang Andrew , Wang Xinquan , Gong Yongji , Xiang Yong , Zhang Xiaokun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe practical application of the Li metal anode (LMA) is hindered by its low coulombic efficiency and dendrite formation. Although solid‐state electrolytes hold promise as ideal partners for LMA, their effectiveness is limited by the poor workability and ionic conductivity. Herein, a modified separator combining the rapid Li+ transport of a liquid electrolyte and the interfacial stability of a solid‐state electrolyte is explored to realize stable cycling of the LMA. A conformal nanolayer of LiPON is coated on a polypropylene separator by a scalable magnetron sputtering method, which is compatible with current Li‐ion battery production lines and promising for the practical applications. The resulting LMA–electrolyte/separator interface is Li+‐conductive, electron‐insulating, mechanically and chemically stable. Consequently, Li|Li cells maintain stable dendrite‐free cycling with overpotentials of 10 and 40 mV over 2000 h at 1 and 5 mA cm‐2, respectively. Additionally, the Li|LiFePO4 full cells achieve a capacity retention of 92% after 550 cycles, confirming its application potential.
Defect‐Engineered Co3O4@Nitrogen‐Deficient Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Metal‐Air Batteries
Authors: Tang Wenhao , Teng Kewei , Guo Wengai , Gu Fan , Li Boya , Qi Ruiyu , Liu Ruiping , Lin Yuyin , Wu Miaomiao , Chen Yihuang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ability to craft high‐efficiency and non‐precious bifunctional oxygen catalysts opens an enticing avenue for the real‐world implementation of metal‐air batteries (MABs). Herein, Co3O4 encapsulated within nitrogen defect‐rich g‐C3N4 (denoted Co3O4@ND‐CN) as a bifunctional oxygen catalyst for MABs is prepared by graphitizing the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐67@ND‐CN. Co3O4@ND‐CN possesses superb bifunctional catalytic performance, which facilitates the construction of high‐performance MABs. Concretely, the rechargeable zinc‐air battery based on Co3O4@ND‐CN shows a superior round‐trip efficiency of ≈60% with long‐term durability (over 340 cycles), exceeding the battery with the state‐of‐the‐art noble metals. The corresponding lithium‐oxygen battery using Co3O4@ND‐CN exhibits an excellent maximum discharge/charge capacity (9838.8/9657.6 mAh g−1), an impressive discharge/charge overpotential (1.14 V/0.18 V), and outstanding cycling stability. Such compelling electrocatalytic processes and device performances of Co3O4@ND‐CN originate from concurrent compositional (i.e., defect‐engineering) and structural (i.e., wrinkled morphology with abundant porosity) elaboration as well as the well‐defined synergy between Co3O4 and ND‐CN, which produce an advantageous surface electronic environment corroborated by theoretical modeling. By extension, a rich diversity of other metal oxides@ND‐CN with adjustable defects, architecture, and enhanced activities may be rationally designed and crafted for both scientific research on catalytic properties and technological development in renewable energy conversion and storage systems.
A Two‐In‐One Nanoprodrug for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Sun Songjia , Wang Dianwei , Yin Renyong , Zhang Peng , Jiang Rihua , Xiao Chunsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is garnering considerable attention in cancer treatment due to its non‐invasive nature and the potential of spatiotemporal control. However, the high level of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells can alleviate the SDT‐mediated ROS‐damages, resulting in a reduced SDT effect. Here, a two‐in‐one nano‐prodrug for photoacoustic imaging‐guided enhanced SDT against skin cancers is synthesized. A dual‐prodrug molecule (DOA) of sulfide dioxide (SO2) and 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is first synthesized and then co‐assembled with methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(l‐lysine) (mPEG‐b‐PLL) to generate the two‐in‐one prodrug nanoparticles (P‐DOA NPs). The P‐DOA NPs simultaneously released ALA and SO2 in response to the overexpressed GSH in tumor cells. The released ALA is metabolically converted into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor cells for SDT and photoacoustic imaging. Meanwhile, the released SO2, together with the consumption of GSH based on the reaction of DOA in P‐DOA NPs with intracellular GSH, can significantly increase the intracellular ROS content, leading to enhanced SDT. As a result, the P‐DOA NPs significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in mouse models under the guidance of real‐time photoacoustic imaging. Therefore, this novel two‐in‐one nano‐prodrug is promising for effective SDT against skin cancers.
Single left superior vena cava: antenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies and outcomes
Authors: Lopes K. R. M. , Bartsota M. , Doughty V. , Carvalho J. S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the associated cardiac and extracardiac findings and estimate the prevalence of single left superior vena cava (LSVC) among fetuses referred for fetal echocardiography.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series of fetuses diagnosed with situs solitus and single LSVC at the Brompton Centre for Fetal Cardiology, London, UK, from October 2006 to December 2020. Prenatal and postnatal outcome data were collected. Prenatal diagnosis was based on abnormal vessel alignment at the three‐vessel view and/or three‐vessel‐and‐trachea view, showing a vessel to the left of the pulmonary artery (i.e. the LSVC) and absence of the usual vessel to the right of the ascending aorta (i.e. the right superior vena cava), and further visualization of the LSVC draining into the coronary sinus.ResultsOf 19 968 fetal echocardiograms performed during the study period, 34 cases of single LSVC were identified (a prevalence of 0.17%). Of these, 32 pregnancies had a live birth, one was lost to follow‐up and one resulted in intrauterine demise. Single LSVC was isolated in 79.4% of cases. No major congenital heart disease was identified. One fetus showed mild isthmus hypoplasia, with no aortic coarctation postnatally. Two fetuses had umbilical vessel abnormalities. A genetic abnormality was found in one case (15q24.1‐q24.2 deletion).ConclusionsAntenatal diagnosis of single LSVC in the setting of situs solitus is usually a benign isolated finding. Nevertheless, investigation of other cardiac, extracardiac and genetic disorders should be considered. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Tetrazine Chelate Ligands Bridging Two [Ru(acac)2] Fragments: Mixed Valency and Radical Complex Formation
Authors: Kaim Wolfgang , Löw Isabell , Ringenberg Mark R. , Schwederski Brigitte , Filippou Vasileios , Fiedler Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing bis(3‐methyl‐2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine 1, 3‐(2‐pyrimidyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine 2 and bis(2‐pyrimidyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine=bmtz as ligands, the complexes 3=[Ru(acac)2(1)], 4={[Ru(acac)2]2(1)], 5={[Ru(acac)2]2(bmtz)], and 6={[Ru(acac)2]2(2)] were prepared and identified by structure analysis of crystallized material. The one‐electron oxidized form 6(PF6) was also studied structurally, suggesting a Class II mixed‐valent situation. The neutral dinuclear systems exhibit two reversible oxidation processes with comproportionation constants 109.2<Kc<1014.1 and one reduction which were analyzed UV/vis/NIR and EPR spectroscopically. Oxidation produces largely metal‐based mixed‐valent cations with very weak intervalence absorptions in the near IR whereas the electron uptake occurs at the tetrazine acceptor.
Processing kinetics and thermomechanical responses of a melt‐infiltrated piezoelectric ceramic composite
Authors: Jin Zhihe , Yang Jiashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a poro‐thermo‐piezoelectricity model to investigate infiltration processing of an interpenetrating phase piezoelectric ceramic composite and the thermomechanical responses of the piezoelectric matrix during infiltration by a molten reinforcement phase. Governing equations for fluid‐infiltrated porous piezoelectric materials are first formulated based on the theories of thermoporoelasticity and piezoelectricity. Similarity solutions of temperature distribution, infiltration kinetics, pore melt pressure, melt content variation, and stress/strain fields are obtained for infiltration of a porous piezoelectric matrix under one‐dimensional strain and flow conditions. Numerical results for infiltration of a long porous PZT bar by a liquid polymer indicate that the infiltration kinetics and pore fluid pressure are similar to those under isothermal processing conditions. The melt content variation in the PZT, however, is dramatically affected by the difference between the inlet melt temperature and initial matrix temperature. A relatively lower inlet melt temperature results in positive melt content variation implying that more melt in the pores of the piezoelectric matrix is available to compensate solidification shrinkage of the molten reinforcement phase thereby reducing the solidification induced microdefects in the composite. The stresses in the piezoelectric matrix during the infiltration are compressive with the magnitudes on the order of the applied inlet melt pressure. The axial strain may become tensile near the inlet when the inlet melt temperature is above the initial matrix temperature.
Irregular Migration
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Triandafyllidou Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIrregular migration is a multifaceted, dynamic phenomenon that has attracted disproportionate media and political attention since the early 2000s. It has been at the forefront of the political debate in most of the European Union’s Member States since the outbreak of the so-called ‘migration crisis’ of 2015. Indeed, the political attention paid to irregular migration is disproportionate to its volume. Migrants are estimated to represent 3.3% of the world’s population (IOM, 2017, from UNDESA, 2017) with migrants in an irregular situation between 15% and 20% of them. This is approximately 1% of the global population, some 30–40 million individuals worldwide (UN OHCHR, 2014; ILO, 2015). In the USA, the undocumented population was estimated in 2015 to be 11 million (Rosenblum & Ruiz Soto, 2015); while in Europe it was estimated to be 1.9–3.8 million in 2008 (Kovacheva & Vogel, 2009); and between 2.9 and 3.8 million in 2018 (Pew Research Centre, 2019).