bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI for hiring in context: a perspective on overcoming the unique challenges of employment research to mitigate disparate impact
Authors: Kassir Sara , Baker Lewis , Dolphin Jackson , Polli Frida 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCommentators interested in the societal implications of automated decision-making often overlook how decisions are made in the technology’s absence. For example, the benefits of ML and big data are often summarized as efficiency, objectivity, and consistency; the risks, meanwhile, include replicating historical discrimination and oversimplifying nuanced situations. While this perspective tracks when technology replaces capricious human judgements, it is ill-suited to contexts where standardized assessments already exist. In spaces like employment selection, the relevant question is how an ML model compares to a manually built test. In this paper, we explain that since the Civil Rights Act, industrial and organizational (I/O) psychologists have struggled to produce assessments without disparate impact. By examining the utility of ML for conducting exploratory analyses, coupled with the back-testing capability offered by advances in data science, we explain modern technology’s utility for hiring. We then empirically investigate a commercial hiring platform that applies several oft-cited benefits of ML to build custom job models for corporate employers. We focus on the disparate impact observed when models are deployed to evaluate real-world job candidates. Across a sample of 60 jobs built for 26 employers and used to evaluate approximately 400,00 candidates, minority-weighted impact ratios of 0.93 (Black–White), 0.97 (Hispanic–White), and 0.98 (Female–Male) are observed. We find similar results for candidates selecting disability-related accommodations within the platform versus unaccommodated users. We conclude by describing limitations, anticipating criticisms, and outlining further research.
Improving Pandemic Response With Military Tools: Using Enhanced Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Authors: Baker Michael S. , Canyon Deon V. , Kevany Sebastian , Baker Jacob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rocked the world, spurring the collapse of national commerce, international trade, education, air travel, and tourism. The global economy has been brought to its knees by the rapid spread of infection, resulting in widespread illness and many deaths. The rise in nationalism and isolationism, ethnic strife, disingenuous governmental reporting, lockdowns, travel restrictions, and vaccination misinformation have caused further problems. This has brought into stark relief the need for improved disease surveillance and health protection measures. National and international agencies that should have provided earlier warning in fact failed to do so. A robust global health network that includes enhanced cooperation with Military Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets in conjunction with the existing international, governmental, and nongovernment medical intelligence networks and allies and partners would provide exceptional forward-looking and early-warning and is a proactive step toward making our future safe. This will be achieved both by surveilling populations for new biothreats, fusing and disseminating data, and then reaching out to target assistance to reduce disease spread in unprotected populations.
Lowered oxygen saturation and increased body temperature in acute COVID-19 largely predict chronic fatigue syndrome and affective symptoms due to Long COVID: A precision nomothetic approach
Authors: Al-Hadrawi Dhurgham Shihab , Al-Rubaye Haneen Tahseen , Almulla Abbas F. , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Maes Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Long coronavirus disease 2019 (LC) is a chronic sequel of acute COVID-19. The exact pathophysiology of the affective, chronic fatigue and physiosomatic symptoms (labelled as “physio-affective phenome”) of LC has remained elusive.Objective:The current study aims to delineate the effects of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and body temperature during the acute phase on the physio-affective phenome of LC.Method:We recruited 120 LC patients and 36 controls. For all participants, we assessed the lowest SpO2 and peak body temperature during acute COVID-19, and the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMD/HAMA) and Fibro Fatigue (FF) scales 3–4 months later.Results:Lowered SpO2 and increased body temperature during the acute phase and female sex predict 60.7% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome of LC. Using unsupervised learning techniques, we were able to delineate a new endophenotype class, which comprises around 26.7% of the LC patients and is characterised by very low SpO2 and very high body temperature, and depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and autonomic and gastro-intestinal symptoms scores. Single latent vectors could be extracted from both biomarkers, depression, anxiety and FF symptoms or from both biomarkers, insomnia, chronic fatigue, gastro-intestinal and autonomic symptoms.Conclusion:The newly constructed endophenotype class and pathway phenotypes indicate that the physio-affective phenome of LC is at least in part the consequence of the pathophysiology of acute COVID-19, namely the combined effects of lowered SpO2, increased body temperature and the associated immune-inflammatory processes and lung lesions.
SOME CRITERIA FOR SOLVABILITY AND NILPOTENCY OF FINITE GROUPS BY STRONGLY MONOLITHIC CHARACTERS
Authors: GÜNGÖR SULTAN BOZKURT , ERKOÇ TEMHA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGagola and Lewis [‘A character theoretic condition characterizing nilpotent groups’, Comm. Algebra27 (1999), 1053–1056] proved that a finite group G is nilpotent if and only if
$\chi (1)^{2}$
divides
$\lvert G:\textrm {ker}\,\chi \rvert $
for every irreducible character
$\chi $
of G. The theorem was later generalised by using monolithic characters. We generalise the theorem further considering only strongly monolithic characters. We also give some criteria for solvability and nilpotency of finite groups by their strongly monolithic characters.
A NOTE ON POWERFUL NUMBERS IN SHORT INTERVALS
Authors: CHAN TSZ HO 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate uniform upper bounds for the number of powerful numbers in short intervals
$(x, x + y]$
. We obtain unconditional upper bounds
$O({y}/{\log y})$
and
$O(\kern1.3pt y^{11/12})$
for all powerful numbers and
$y^{1/2}$
-smooth powerful numbers, respectively. Conditional on the
$abc$
-conjecture, we prove the bound
$O({y}/{\log ^{1+\epsilon } y})$
for squarefull numbers and the bound
$O(\kern1.3pt y^{(2 + \epsilon )/k})$
for k-full numbers when
$k \ge 3$
. These bounds are related to Roth’s theorem on arithmetic progressions and the conjecture on the nonexistence of three consecutive squarefull numbers.
Prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease and its association with anthropometric and clinical indices: a cross-sectional study
Authors: González-Salazar Luis E , Serralde-Zúñiga Aurora E , Flores-López Adriana , Díaz-Sánchez Juan P , Medina-Vera Isabel , Pichardo-Ontiveros Edgar , Guizar-Heredia Rocío , Hernández-Gómez Karla G , Vigil-Martínez Ana , Arteaga-Sánchez Liliana , Avila-Nava Azalia , Vázquez-Manjarrez Natalia , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando R , Guevara-Cruz Martha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) and its association with anthropometric indices in the Mexican population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 514 adults seen at a clinical research unit. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology/AACE/ACE criteria were used to diagnose ABCD by first identifying subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and those with BMI of 23–24·9 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 80 cm in women or ≥ 90 cm in men. The presence of metabolic and clinical complications associated with adiposity, such as factors related to metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension, were subsequently evaluated. Anthropometric indices related to cardiometabolic risk factors were then determined. The results showed the prevalence of ABCD was 87·4 % in total, 91·5 % in men and 86 % in women. The prevalence of ABCD stage 0 was 2·4 %, stage 1 was 33·7 % and stage 2 was 51·3 %. The prevalence of obesity according to BMI was 57·6 %. The waist/hip circumference index (prevalence ratio (PR) = 7·57; 95 % CI 1·52, 37·5) and the conicity index (PR = 3·46; 95 % CI 1·34, 8·93) were better predictors of ABCD, while appendicular skeletal mass % and skeletal muscle mass % decreased the risk of developing ABCD (PR = 0·93; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·96; and PR = 0·95; 95 % CI 0·93, 0·98). In conclusion, the prevalence of ABCD in our study was 87·4 %. This prevalence increased with age. It is important to emphasise that one out of two subjects had severe obesity-related complications (ABCD stage 2).
RECOGNISING STATE BLAME IN SENTENCING: A COMMUNICATIVE AND RELATIONAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Manikis Marie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCensure, blame and harms are central concepts in sentencing that have evolved over the years to take into account social context and experiential knowledge. Flexibility, however, remains limited as the current analysis in sentencing focuses on the offender while failing to engage with the state's contribution in creating wrongs and harms. This risks giving rise to defective practices of responsibility since the state can also contribute to their production. The following article presents a complementary and additional framework within sentencing to account for state censure, blame and harms. The framework is rooted in communicative theories of punishment that integrate a responsive understanding of censure and a relational account of responsibility.
Effective bounds on differences of singular moduli that are S-units
Authors: CAMPAGNA FRANCESCO 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven a singular modulus
$j_0$
and a set of rational primes S, we study the problem of effectively determining the set of singular moduli j such that
$j-j_0$
is an S-unit. For every
$j_0 \neq 0$
, we provide an effective way of finding this set for infinitely many choices of S. The same is true if
$j_0=0$
and we assume the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis. Certain numerical experiments will also lead to the formulation of a “uniformity conjecture” for singular S-units.
The Extreme North African Haboob in October 2008: High‐Resolution Simulation of Organized Moist Convection in the Lee of the Atlas, Dust Recirculation and Poleward Transport
Authors: Dhital S. , Kaplan M. L. , Orza J. A. G. , Fiedler S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the mesoscale dynamics involved in the 8–11 October 2008 unseasonably strong African dust episode, during which dust was transported to the Iberian Peninsula (IP). We employ observational datasets and a high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry simulations. The analysis shows that during 0900–1200 UTC 9 October, a mesoscale convective system developed over the Atlas Mountains and resulted in a southwestward propagating convective cold pool outflow on the southern foothills of the Anti‐Atlas, which lifted dust from the source region. Between 1200 and 1800 UTC 9 October, new moist convection was enhanced over the Atlas Mountains due to intensifying confluence among a heat low, moist southwesterly Atlantic sea‐breeze front, and northeasterly flow associated with the convective cold pool near western Algeria. This new moist convection intensified the strength of the convective cold pool outflow and haboob, both of which continued propagating southwestward. At 1200 UTC 10 October, the low‐pressure system migrated poleward on the southern slopes of the Anti‐Atlas Mountains in association with a mountain‐plains solenoidal circulation due to the daytime differential heating between the southern slopes of the Anti‐Atlas and nearby atmosphere. The deepening low‐pressure and strengthening Atlantic sea‐breeze redirected an equatorward advancing dust plume into the poleward direction. The dust plume ultimately crossed the Saharan Atlas Mountains on 11 October and finally impacted the IP.
Improved GNSS Water Vapor Tomography With Modified Mapping Functions
Authors: Miranda P. M. A. , Mateus P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of optimized GNSS mapping functions is here shown to lead to significant improvements in the performance of a water vapor tomographic model, totally driven by GNSS observations. The method improves a recent proposal for unconstrained tomographic inversions and is developed and validated with data from the Manaus dense GNSS network and in‐situ radiosondes, covering different seasons and synoptic conditions. The optimization uses a Monte Carlo technique to find the minimum root‐mean‐square error in a two‐dimensional parameter space. A set of fixed parameters, computed by optimizing over a small subset of cases, is found to lead to results that are overall significantly better than those produced by the three more common mapping functions used for geodesy applications. The quality of inversions is, however, found to have significant spread, an indication of the impact of varying GNSS data quality and a reminder of the need of further improvements in the method.
Groundwater Responses to Earth Tides: Evaluation of Analytical Solutions Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Bastias Espejo Jose M. , Rau Gabriel C. , Blum Philipp 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHarmonic Earth tide components in well water levels have been used to estimate hydraulic and geomechanical subsurface properties. However, the robustness of various methods based on analytical solutions has not been established. First, we review the theory and examine the latest analytical solution used to relate well water levels to Earth tides. Second, we develop and verify a novel numerical model coupling hydraulics and geomechanics to Earth tide strains. Third, we assess subsurface conditions over depth for a range of realistic properties. Fourth, we simulate the well water level response to Earth tide strains within a 2D poroelastic layered aquifer system confined by a 100 m thick aquitard. We find that the non‐linear inversion of analytical solutions to match two observations (amplitudes and phases) to multiple unknown parameters is sensible to the initial guess. We reveal that undrained, confined conditions are necessary for the analytical solution to be valid. This occurs for the dominant M2 frequency at depths >50 m and requires specific storage at constant strain of Sϵ ≥ 10−6 m−1, hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard of kl ≤ 5 ⋅ 10−5 ms−1 and aquifer of ka ≥ 10−4 ms−1. We further illustrate that the analytical solution is valid in unconsolidated systems, whereas consolidated systems require additional consideration of the Biot modulus. Overall, a priori knowledge of the subsurface system supports interpretation of the groundwater response. Our results improve understanding of the effect of Earth tides on groundwater systems and its interpretation for subsurface properties.
Emotion Regulation, Coercive Parenting, and Child Adjustment: A Serial Mediation Clinical Trial
Authors: Metcalfe Robyn E. , Osa Maggie L. , Jones Jeremy A. , DeGarmo David S. 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Prior intent to treat evaluation of the Fathering Through Change (FTC) online interactive behavioral parent training program demonstrated a causal link from the FTC intervention to reductions in pre-post changes in fathers’ coercive parenting and, in turn, reductions in pre-post changes in child behavioral problems (a moderate indirect effect size d = .30). The present study expands on this work by investigating mediational mechanisms. Method: The present study employed a sample of 426 recently divorced or separated fathers who were each randomly assigned to either the FTC program or to the wait-list control. We tested a set of intent-to-treat serial mediation hypotheses positing that effects of the FTC on fathers’ reductions in coercive parenting would be mediated through reductions in emotion regulation problems. To be included in this intervention, fathers had to have been separated or divorced within the past 2 years and also had to have children between the ages of 4 and 12. Results: The intervention obtained a significant total and set of unique pathways linking the FTC intervention to improved child adjustment. This supports a causal experimental link to reduced child behavior problems ( d = .39). Emotion regulation did not fully mediate the intervention effect on parenting. Conclusions: Emotion regulation added both direct and indirect experimental explained variance over and above parenting alone. Clinical implications are discussed for the application of online training through pediatric settings. Implications for Impact Statement Fathers are underrepresented in the literature on parenting. This study focused on an online parenting program for divorced fathers of children ages 4 to 12. It found support for a cascade from receiving the parenting program to reduction in fathers’ emotion regulation problems, to reduction in coercive parenting, and finally to lowered child adjustment concerns. In addition to providing more knowledge about how parenting programs affect fathers and their children, this study emphasizes the importance of including fathers in parenting interventions.
Integrating Parent Mental Health Assessment Into Pediatric Psychology: Applying an Ethics-Based Model
Authors: Molitor Stephen J. , LeNoble Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Growing evidence highlights the impact of parent mental health on pediatric health outcomes. Assessment of parent mental health in pediatric settings has been recommended, but the practice has been slowly adopted. Concerns about the ethical implementation of such assessments may be slowing its implementation. The unique settings pediatric psychologists work in (e.g., inpatient consultation services, multidisciplinary medical clinics) make adding the practice more complex. Methods: Recently, Molitor and Dvorsky (2019) introduced a four-step, ethics-based model to help guide psychologists. The current article applies this model to situations common in pediatric settings. Key principles/standards from the APA ethics code are discussed. Results: When evaluating the necessity/feasibility of the assessment, providers must navigate space/time limitations and ensure assessments are relevant to the child’s care. When considering the family context, providers seek to understand pertinent relationships between parents, children, and medical teams, and identify potential harms that may arise from assessment. Respecting autonomy and ensuring confidentiality encourages psychologists to facilitate informed consent, provide space for parents to comfortably decline assessment, and help parents maintain ownership over their health information. Finally, psychologists must provide a connection to parent resources through identification of adult-focused resources and emergency services as needed. Conclusions: Parent mental health assessments have the potential to benefit child health care and improve outcomes. However, psychologists must carefully consider how to implement assessments ethically and responsibly into their own practice. Models such as this one can provide useful guidance as providers navigate key concerns. Implications for Impact Statement Calls for integrating parent mental health assessments into pediatric medical care are growing, but implementing the practice requires thoughtful consideration of the American Psychological Association’s ethics code. An ethics-based model is discussed in this article that can help guide pediatric psychologists who are deciding how to incorporate mental health assessments of parents into their practice.
Craniofacial, dental, and molecular features of Pyle disease in a South African child
Authors: Chetty Manogari , Roomaney Imaan , Oosterwyk Chandré , Manyisa Noluthando , Bope Christian Domilongo , Agenbag Gloudi , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Pyle Disease (PD), or familial metaphyseal dysplasia [OMIM 265900], is a rare autosomal recessive condition leading to widened metaphyses of long bones and cortical bone thinning and genu valgum. We detail the oro-dental and molecular findings in a South African patient with PD.

Methods
The patient underwent clinical, radiographic and molecular examinations. An exfoliated tooth was analysed using scanning electron microscopy and was compared to a control tooth.

Results
The patient presented with marked Erlenmeyer-flask deformity (EFD) of the long bones and several Wormian bones. His dental development was delayed by approximately three years. The permanent molars were mesotaurodontic. The bones, including the jaws and cervical vertebrae, showed osteoporotic changes. The lamina dura was absent, and the neck of the condyle lacked normal constrictions. Ionic component analysis of the primary incisors found an absence of magnesium. Sanger sequencing revealed a novel putative pathogenic variant in intron 5 of SFRP4 (c.855+4delAGTA) in a homozygous state.

Conclusion
This study has reported for the first time the implication of a mutation in the SFRP4 gene in an African patient presenting with PD and highlights the need for dental practitioners to be made aware of the features and management implications of PD.
'It's their mouth at the end of the day': dental professionals' reactions to oral health education outcomes
Authors: Barnes Emma , Bullock Alison , Chestnutt Ivor G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction Research has established varying levels of efficacy of oral health education (OHE) efforts. However, little is known regarding how outcomes impact dental professionals and their OHE practice. This study explores dental professionals' reactions to varying OHE outcomes and their motivations to persist with their efforts.Methods Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with dental team members working in mainly NHS general dental practices in South Wales, UK. Interviews were conducted face-to-face pre-COVID-19 and then by telephone, transcribed and analysed thematically.Results In total, 30 interviews were conducted (17 dentists, 6 dental therapists and 7 dental nurses). Pleasure was gained from improved patient oral health. Responses to non-adherence included disappointment, frustration and acceptance. Acceptance centred around a shared responsibility for oral care between clinician and patient and reassurance that they had 'done their job'. The unpredictability of patient adherence aided OHE motivation; efforts might eventually inspire patient action or might align with patient readiness to change.Conclusions This study reveals how OHE outcomes impact on dental professionals' perceptions of their role and personal motivations for continued educational efforts with patients. Greater emphasis on both preventative dentistry and self-care, coupled with understanding of the complex factors influencing oral health behaviour, would aid motivation for OHE.