bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of the head capsule of the cockroachErgaula capucina(Insecta/Blattodea)
Authors: Wipfler Benjamin , Triesch Felix , Evangelista Dominic , Weihmann Tom 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCockroaches are usually typical omnivorous detritivores and their cephalic morphology is considered to be ancestral in various aspects. Thus, several studies addressed the morphology and function of the blattodean head, and the cockroach usually serves as a model for standard mouthparts in text books. However, so far only two of the three major lineages of Blattodea have been studied and no detailed information for the head of any Corydioidea was available. The present study closes this gap by providing a detailed morphological description of the head ofErgaula capucina, studying some important functional parameters of the mandible and discussing it in a phylogenetic framework.MethodsThe cephalic morphology ofErgaulastudied in detail using a broad set of different techniques including digital microscopy, µ-computed tomography, and 3-dimensional reconstructions. Concerning the functional morphology of the mandible, we compared the volume and effective cross sections of the eight compartments of the primary mandibular adductor muscle forErgaula,Blattella germanica, andSalganea rossiand measured the mechanical advantage,i.e., the force transmission ratio for all teeth of the mandible ofErgaula.ResultsThe head capsule ofErgaulais characterized by a strong sexual dimorphism and typical orthopteran mouthparts. It resembles the head capsule of other roaches in several respects and confirms oesotendons, the reduction of the mesal occelus, and bipartite M. verticopharyngealis and M. hypopharyngosalivaris as blattodean apomorphies. But it also shows some unique adaptations. It is the first described cockroach that lacks the dorsal tentorial arms which has various consequences for the cephalic musculature. On the maxillary lacinia,Ergaulais the first described blattodean to show strong and blunt setae instead of a lacinula, which might be homologues to the dentisetae of dragonflies and mayflies. Like other corydiid roaches that inhabit xeric areas,Ergaulahas an atmospheric water-vapor absorption mechanism that includes a gland and a ductus on the epipharnyx and bladders on the hypopharynx. The mandibular adductor is in cockroaches asymmetric, a pattern not found in termites, mantids, or other closely related insects.
Studies on Pest Complex of Broad Leaf Mustard, Brassica juncea var. rugosa Roxb. Tsen and Lee in the Valley of Manipur
Authors: Rajeshwari Dosa , Mamocha Singh K. 
Published: April 2022

A experiment was conducted at Entomological Research Farm, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal. Total eleven insect pest species were found to infest the crop viz. Large cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae; Asian cabbage white butterfly, Pieris canidia; mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysymi and striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata were observed frequently while, Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae; green peach aphid, Myzus persicae; crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae; mustard sawfly, Athalia lugens proxima; cabbage semilooper, Trichoplusia ni; fungus beetle, Monolepta signata and tobacco grasshopper, Atractomorpha crenulata were observed rarely.
A Study on the Effect of Cloprop on Crown Size and Quality of Pineapple cv. Giant Kew
Authors: Imchen Alemla , Sema Akali , Maiti C. S. , Sarkar Animesh 
Published: April 2022

Aims: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of 2-(3- chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (3- CPA) on crown size, yield and quality of pineapple cv. Giant Kew.
Study Design: Completely Randomised Design
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus.
Methodology: Five treatments consisted of different concentrations of the growth regulator viz., C1 (Control), C2 (50 ppm), C3 (100 ppm), C4 (150 ppm) and C5 (200 ppm) were evaluated with four replications each. Treatment was applied as foliar spray on pineapple crowns when apical flowers were in final stage of dehiscence. Growth and yield attributes viz., length and circumference of crown, crown to fruit length ratio, length of fruit with and without crown, pulp weight, peel weight, pulp to peel ratio, core weight, days taken to mature and dry matter content were recorded. Furthermore, biochemical parameters viz., TSS, titratable acidity, TSS: acid ratio, ascorbic acid, total sugar, reducing sugar and non- reducing sugar were analyzed, along with shelf life and Physiological loss in weight (PLW).
Results: The experiment revealed C3 (100 ppm) as optimum concentration for reduction of crown size with minimum crown length (14.28 cm), circumference (49.72 cm) and crown to fruit ratio (0.83) and showed 48% reduction in crown length over control. Also, maximum values for length of fruit (17.22 cm), pulp weight (1080 g), peel weight (403 g), core weight (200 g), shelf life (19.33 days) and minimum PLW were observed in C3 (100 ppm). It was found that higher concentration of 3- CPA reduced TSS and increased titratable acidity. Incidence of burns on lower leaves of crown was observed in 150 and 200 ppm treatments.
Conclusion: 2-(3- chlorophenoxy) propionic acid is effective in altering the plant physiological processes and from the present experiment, treatment with 100 ppm showed effective result in terms of crown attributes, quality and shelf life.
To Determine the Mean Glycemic Changes after Vitamin D3 Supplement in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Vitamin D Deficiency Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
Authors: U. Rehman Mujeeb , Khan Jokhio Dilawar , Qayyum Abdul , Nazim Fizza , Ahmed Memon Naseer , Raza Jamal 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Glucose Homeostasis can potentially be affected by Vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a global problem with an estimated one billion people worldwide suffering from vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a global health issue and is on the rise in Pakistani pediatric population. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) also negatively impacts bone health and is associated with a modest reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and strength (7,8) Given the negative impact of vitamin D inadequacy and T1D on bone health, Adolescent with both conditions have multiple risk factors for increased skeletal fragility. In this study we evaluated glycemic changes after vitamin D3 supplement in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency.
Objective: To determine the mean glycemic changes after vitamin D3 supplement in children with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methodology: A quasi experimental study design was conducted on 40 children who were presenting in OPD of NICH Karachi for six months. All patients were subjected to demographics and detailed history for Type 1 Diabetes and Vitamin D deficiency. Immunoturbidometry for HbA1C and ELISA for 25OHD was performed. Vitamin D3 supplement was advised as per operational definition. Insulin dose was recorded by parents for three months. 25OHD and HbA1C levels were measured following Vitamin D3 supplements. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the significance.
Results: We observed a significant difference in mean HbA1c level at pre-treatment and post treatment was 9.89±2.04 and 8.42±1.87 respectively with Vitamin D3 supplements, with p-value 0.001.
Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplement improves HbA1C in patients with type I diabetes and vitamin D deficiency.
A Renally Clearable Activatable Polymeric Nanoprobe for Early Detection of Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Huang Jiaguo , Xian Shiyun , Liu Yi , Chen Xiaona , Pu Kanyi , Wang Hangxiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a major complication in many clinical settings, it remains a diagnostic dilemma due to its reliance on insensitive assays or invasive biopsy. The development of an activatable polymeric nanoprobe (APNSO) for real‐time in vivo near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging and urinalysis of hepatic IRI is reported here. APNSO has a backbone comprising renally clearable fluorophore fragments and self‐immolative structural units. In the presence of an oxidative stress biomarker (superoxide anion, O2•−) during hepatic IRI, APNSO can be fluorescently activated for in vivo NIRF imaging and depolymerized to release renally clearable fluorophores for urinalysis. By virtue of its high hepatic accumulation, sensitive response toward O2•−, and effective release of renally clearable fluorophores, APNSO‐based imaging and urinalysis detect hepatic IRI at least 7 h earlier than typical clinical assays in a mouse model. This study not only provides new opportunities for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic IRI, but also reveals guidelines for the development of optical nanosensors for early urinalysis.
Targeting Gut Bacteria Using Inulin‐Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: von Baeckmann Cornelia , Riva Alessandra , Guggenberger Patrick , Kählig Hanspeter , Han Seung Won , Inan Deniz , Del Favero Giorgia , Berry David , Kleitz Freddy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo facilitate the creation of novel nanocarrier systems targeting the intestinal microbiome, inulin‐conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are described herein for the first time. Surface functionalization is achieved on either hydrophilic or hydrophobic mesoporous nanoparticles using different conjugation methods. The targeting performance of the resulting materials is assessed and compared upon incubation with human stool. It appears that amide formation is the most favorable coupling method on hydrophilic MSNs to achieve the desired bioconjugate. Remarkably, high affinity of gut bacteria to the conjugated particles can be obtained, paving the way to novel targeted drug delivery systems.
Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Carbolines by a Metalation/Negishi Cross‐Coupling/SNAr Reaction Sequence
Authors: Sathiyalingam Shainthavaan , Roesner Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA methodology for the synthesis of α‐ and β‐carbolines from fluoropyridines and 2‐haloanilines is reported. This procedure consists of a four‐step directed ortho‐lithiation, zincation, Negishi cross‐coupling, and intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution, providing access to a diverse set of functionalized carbolines. While the procedure is applicable to batch conditions, the generation of arylzinc intermediates in continuous flow has been demonstrated.magnified image
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Miniature Joint System for Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
Authors: Li Zhong , Lin Zixuan , Liu Silvia , Yagi Haruyo , Zhang Xiurui , Yocum Lauren , Romero‐Lopez Monica , Rhee Claire , Makarcyzk Meagan J. , Yu Ilhan , Li Eileen N. , Fritch Madalyn R. , Gao Qi , Goh Kek Boon , O'Donnell Benjamen , Hao Tingjun , Alexander Peter G. , Mahadik Bhushan , Fisher John P. , Goodman Stuart B. , Bunnell Bruce A. , Tuan Rocky S. , Lin Hang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiseases of the knee joint such as osteoarthritis (OA) affect all joint elements. An in vitro human cell‐derived microphysiological system capable of simulating intraarticular tissue crosstalk is desirable for studying etiologies/pathogenesis of joint diseases and testing potential therapeutics. Herein, a human mesenchymal stem cell‐derived miniature joint system (miniJoint) is generated, in which engineered osteochondral complex, synovial‐like fibrous tissue, and adipose tissue are integrated into a microfluidics‐enabled bioreactor. This novel design facilitates different tissues communicating while still maintaining their respective phenotypes. The miniJoint exhibits physiologically relevant changes when exposed to interleukin‐1β mediated inflammation, which are similar to observations in joint diseases in humans. The potential of the miniJoint in predicting in vivo efficacy of drug treatment is confirmed by testing the “therapeutic effect” of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, naproxen, as well as four other potential disease‐modifying OA drugs. The data demonstrate that the miniJoint recapitulates complex tissue interactions, thus providing a robust organ chip model for the study of joint pathology and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Proton‐Driven Transformable 1O2‐Nanotrap for Dark and Hypoxia Tolerant Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Dai Hanming , Wang Weili , Cai Yu , Mou Xiaozhou , Zou Jianhua , Shao Jinjun , Mao Zhengwei , Zhong Liping , Dong Xiaochen , Zhao Yongxiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the clinical potential, photodynamic therapy (PDT) relying on singlet oxygen (1O2) generation is severely limited by tumor hypoxia and endosomal entrapment. Herein, a proton‐driven transformable 1O2‐nanotrap (ANBDP NPs) with endosomal escape capability is presented to improve hypoxic tumor PDT. In the acidic endosomal environment, the protonated 1O2‐nanotrap ruptures endosomal membranes via a “proton‐sponge” like effect and undergoes a drastic morphology‐and‐size change from nanocubes (≈94.1 nm in length) to nanospheres (≈12.3 nm in diameter). Simultaneously, anthracenyl boron dipyrromethene‐derived photosensitizer (ANBDP) in nanospheres transforms to its protonated form (ANBDPH) and switches off its charge‐transfer state to achieve amplified 1O2 photogeneration capability. Upon 730 nm photoirradiation, ANBDPH prominently produces 1O2 and traps generated‐1O2 in the anthracene group to form endoperoxide (ANOBDPH). Benefitting from the hypoxia‐tolerant 1O2‐release property of ANOBDPH in the dark, the 1O2‐nanotrap brings about sustained therapeutic effect without further continuous irradiation, thereby achieving remarkable antitumor performance.
Identification of a Crosstalk among TGR5, GLIS2, and TP53 Signaling Pathways in the Control of Undifferentiated Germ Cell Homeostasis and Chemoresistance
Authors: Thirouard Laura , Holota Hélène , Monrose Mélusine , Garcia Manon , de Haze Angélique , Damon‐Soubeyrand Christelle , Renaud Yoan , Saru Jean‐Paul , Perino Alessia , Schoonjans Kristina , Beaudoin Claude , Volle David H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpermatogonial stem cells regenerate and maintain spermatogenesis throughout life, making testis a good model for studying stem cell biology. The effects of chemotherapy on fertility have been well‐documented previously. This study investigates how busulfan, an alkylating agent that is often used for chemotherapeutic purposes, affects male fertility. Specifically, the role of the TGR5 pathway is investigated on spermatogonia homeostasis using in vivo, in vitro, and pharmacological methods. In vivo studies are performed using wild‐type and Tgr5‐deficient mouse models. The results clearly show that Tgr5 deficiency can facilitate restoration of the spermatogonia homeostasis and allow faster resurgence of germ cell lineage after exposure to busulfan. TGR5 modulates the expression of key genes of undifferentiated spermatogonia such as Gfra1 and Fgfr2. At the molecular level, the present data highlight molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions among the TGR5, GLIS2, and TP53 pathways in spermatogonia associated with germ cell apoptosis following busulfan exposure. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it shows that TGR5 plays key role on undifferentiated germ cell homeostasis and that modulating the TGR5 signaling pathway could be used as a potential therapeutic tool for fertility disorders.
Domain Engineering in Bulk Ferroelectric Ceramics via Mesoscopic Chemical Inhomogeneity
Authors: Thong Hao‐Cheng , Li Zhao , Lu Jing‐Tong , Li Chen‐Bo‐Wen , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Sun Qiannan , Fu Zhengqian , Wei Yan , Wang Ke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDomain engineering in ferroelectrics endows flexibility for different functional applications. Whereas the domain engineering strategy for single crystals and thin films is diverse, there is only a limited number of strategies for bulk ceramics. Here, a domain engineering strategy for achieving a compact domain architecture with increased domain‐wall density in (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based ferroelectric ceramics via mesoscopic chemical inhomogeneity (MCI) is developed. The MCI‐induced interfaces can effectively hinder domain continuity and modify the domain configuration. Besides, the MCI effect also results in diffused phase transitions, which is beneficial for achieving enhanced thermal stability. Modulation of chemical inhomogeneity demonstrates great potential for engineering desirable domain configuration and properties in ferroelectric ceramics. Additionally, the MCI can be easily controlled by regulating the processing condition during solid‐state synthesis, which is advantageous to industrial production.
The vessel wall thickness–vessel diameter relationship across woody angiosperms
Authors: Echeverría Alberto , Petrone‐Mendoza Emilio , Segovia‐Rivas Alí , Figueroa‐Abundiz Víctor A. , Olson Mark E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseComparative anatomy is necessary to identify the extremes of combinations of functionally relevant structural traits, to ensure that physiological data cover xylem anatomical diversity adequately, and thus achieve a global understanding of xylem structure–function relations. A key trait relationship is that between xylem vessel diameter and wall thickness of both the single vessel and the double vessel+adjacent imperforate tracheary element (ITE).MethodsWe compiled a comparative data set with 1093 samples, 858 species, 350 genera, 86 families, and 33 orders. We used broken linear regression and an algorithm to explore changes in parameter values from linear regressions using subsets of the data set to identify a threshold, at 90‐µm vessel diameter, in the wall thickness–diameter relationship.ResultsBelow 90 µm diameter for vessels, virtually any wall thickness could be associated with virtually any diameter. Below this threshold, selection is free to favor a very wide array of combinations, such as very thick walls and narrow vessels in ITE‐free herbs, or very thin‐walled, wide vessels in evergreen dryland pioneers. Above 90 µm, there was a moderate positive relationship.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that the space of vessel wall thickness–diameter combinations is very wide, with selection apparently eliminating individuals with vessel walls “too thin” for their diameter. Most importantly, our survey revealed poorly studied plant hydraulic syndromes (functionally significant trait combinations). These data suggest that the full span of trait combinations, and thus the minimal set of hydraulic syndromes requiring study to span woody plant functional diversity adequately, remains to be documented.
Air pollution and dementia in older adults in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study
Authors: Semmens Erin O. , Leary Cindy S. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Ilango Sindana D. , Park Christina , Adam Claire E. , DeKosky Steven T. , Lopez Oscar , Hajat Anjum , Kaufman Joel D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionGrowing evidence implicates air pollution as a risk factor for dementia, but prior work is limited by challenges in diagnostic accuracy and assessing exposures in the decades prior to disease development. We evaluated the impact of long‐term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures on incident dementia (all‐cause, Alzheimer's disease [AD], and vascular dementia [VaD]) in older adults.MethodsA panel of neurologists adjudicated dementia cases based on extensive neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. We applied validated fine‐scale air pollutant models to reconstructed residential histories to assess exposures.ResultsAn interquartile range increase in 20‐year PM2.5 was associated with a 20% higher risk of dementia (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5%, 37%) and an increased risk of mixed VaD/AD but not AD alone.DiscussionOur findings suggest that air pollutant exposures over decades contribute to dementia and that effects of current exposures may be experienced years into the future.
Preparation and analysis of Jatropha curcas seed flour‐based plywood bonding adhesives by oxidation methods
Authors: Xi Xuedong , Chen Yanhua , Pizzi Antonio , Zhang Qianyu , Lei Hong , Du Guanben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJatropha seeds flour is by‐product from the production of biomass diesel, which mainly composed of proteins and oligomeric carbohydrates. To create an environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and well performance adhesive for plywood bonding, the Jatropha seeds flour was used to prepare a protein‐based adhesives by oxidized with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) at room temperature in this present work. The effect of two oxidizing agents on the bonding strength and water resistance were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic thermomechanical analysis were combined to study the thermal performance of this bio‐based adhesives, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was to characterize structural changes in the reaction process. The results show that the Jatropha protein adhesives oxidized by NaIO4 exhibited a good dry strength, but not on the 24 h cold water soaking wet strength and 3 h hot water (63°C) soaking wet strength. While the performance of the adhesive with KMnO4 oxidation treatment has significantly improved, especially the wet strength of 24 h cold water soaking and 3 h hot water (63°C) soaking as high as 0.84 MPa, 0.77 MPa respectively, which conformed to the standard requirement of GB/T9846‐2015 (≥0.7 MPa). Thus, the Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) oxidant was favored for Jatropha protein oxidation to prepare a protein adhesives, and its preparation process has been studied also in this work, meanwhile, the optimal oxidant addition ratio was confirmed as 12% based on the protein flour.