bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implication of transit transfer to the older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Noor Nur Farhana Mohammed , Shahar Hayati Kadir , Ibrahim Rahimah , Zainalaludin Zumilah , Hamid Tengku Aizan Tengku Abdul , Ahmad Siti Anom , Rokhani Fakhrul Zaman , Ujang Norsidah , Yus Irwan Syah Md , Akahbar Siti Aisyah Nor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Extensive multimodal transportation network has resulted in widespread use of the transit transfer method of transportation among frequent travelers. In many parts of the world, transferring from one mode of transportation to another provides significant mobility advantage to people, commodities, and services in reaching their destination. However, there are some who have not reaped the benefits of this sophisticated transportation networking system. This study reviewed published articles on the implications of transit transfer on the older adults in order to gain a better understanding of this method of transportation and the nature of difficulties that it caused them. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest, WileyOnline, and Ovid. Inclusion criteria was English language, respondents aged 60 and above, living in community, and addressing transit transfer mode of transportations used, and the outcome on older adults. Review paper, letter, book citations, comments, editorials, experimental and animal studies were excluded from this review.Results: This review included six studies. According to the findings of this study, older adults were able to benefit from transit transfer as transportation method to reach their destination. It can also increase physical activity among the older adults through active commuting. However, older adults encountered a problem with transit transfer since they had to walk to reach each of the transport facilities. Transit transfers have also been shown to expose them to inconveniency pertaining to obstacle they faced while transit transfer.Conclusion: There are indications of positive and negative implications of transit transfer to older adults. More research should be conducted to further evaluate its risk and outcome to the older adults and to determine effective strategies to improve their intermodal transportation.
Eco-friendly microwave-assisted digestion using only hydrogen peroxide and subsequent ICP-based elemental analysis in milk samples
Authors: Park Ye-Seul , Lee Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A microwave-assisted digestion method using only hydrogen peroxide with a single reaction chamber was developed in an eco-friendly manner for the elemental determination of milk samples (whole, skimmed, and organic milk) by ICP-based techniques. The optimized conditions for decomposition were 0.25 g of sample, 6 mL of 30% H2O2, and 2 mL of H2O at 250 ℃ and 160 bar. This method presented the final digests with low residual carbon content and residual acidity of 76.7 mg L−1 and 0.03 mol L-1, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 2.003 ոg g−1 (Sb) to 2.711 ոg g−1 (Ba). In particular, the optimized method using only H2O2 as a digestion solvent was compared to concentrated HNO3. As a result, this method was classified as an excellent green method with an Eco-Score of 85. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the determination of 13 elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) in 50 milk samples commercially available on the market in South Korea.
Unified Creeping Model Identifying the Critical State of Granular Material
Authors: Tong L.H. , Wu Bingni , Lei Z.X. , Xu Changjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We propose a state evolution model to study the creep of a granular material both below and beyond the yield stress. Three types of creeping curves are observed under both static and dynamic loading conditions. The experiments are analyzed using the proposed model which introduces characteristic strain to account for the influences of historic strain on current state. A criterion to identify the stability of a granular system is obtained based on the proposed model. Two key factors dominating the stability of the granular system are recognized, the shear wave velocity and critical velocity. Our laboratory experiments in combination with the proposed criterion offers a physical explanation for intrinsic triggering mechanism of system evolution from stable to fluidic state: decrease in wave velocity or/and critical velocity.
The dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of breast cancer: the correlation between mono-exponential DWI parameters and semi-quantitative TIC characteristics
Authors: Li Xiangsheng , Zhu Hongxian , Fan Hongxia , Zhang Wenzhun , Fang Yuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the relationship between mono-exponential diffusion- weighted imaging (DWI) parameters and time-intensity curve (TIC) characteristics generated from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 108 patients with breast cancer were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent DWI and DCE-MRI examination. Patients were divided into untypical TIC and untypical TIC groups; untypical TIC pattern was defined as a wash-in/plateau curve, and the typical TIC pattern of breast cancer as a wash-out curve. The relationships between DWI parameters and semi-quantitative TIC characteristics were investigated by using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
The BI-RADS grade and the incidence of lymph node metastasis were higher in the typical TIC group (all P < 0.05). The ADCmean and ADCmin values were lower in the typical TIC group than in the untypical TIC group (all P < 0.05). There was a significantly negative correlation between ADCmean or ADCmin value and SIslope2 (r=-0.535,-0.514; P = 0.02, 0.04). According to logistic regression analysis, micro-vessel density (MVD), tumor stroma ratio (TSR), ADCmin, histological grading, and ADCmean were independently correlated with TIC patterns.
Conclusion
The water diffusion restriction reflected by DWI parameters may contribute to the TIC characteristics at the late phase after enhancement, which provides theoretical guidance for the diagnosis of breast cancer based on a combination of DWI and TIC characteristics.
Establishment and validation of PTE prediction model in patients with cerebral contusion
Authors: Lin Shengwu , Zhu Yufeng , Wang Qianqian , Jin Xiaoqing , Han Pei , Lu Zhongsheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is an important cause of poor prognosis in patients with cerebral contusions.The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the high risk factors of PTE by summarizing and analyzing the baseline data, laboratory examination and imaging features of patients with cerebral contusion, and then developing a Nomogram prediction model and validating it. Methods: This study included 457 patients with a diagnosis of cerebral contusion who met the inclusion criteria from November 2016 to November 2019 at the Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital. All patients were assessed for seizure activity 7 days after injury. Univariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors for PTE. Significant risk factors in univariate analysis were selected for binary logistic regression analysis. p<0.05 was statistically significant. Based on the results of the binary logistic regression analysis, a predictive scoring system for PTE was developed using Nomogram and a Alignment Diagram was drawn. Finally, an external validation was performed on 457 participants to assess its performance. Results: Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS software, and the independent predictors significantly associated with PTE were screened as Contusion site, Chronic alcohol use, Contusion volume, Skull fracture, SDH, GCS score, and Non-LPTS. Based on this, a Nomogram model was developed. The prediction accuracy of our scoring system was C-index=98.29%. the confidence interval of C-index was 97.28%~99.30%. External validation showed that the calibration plot of this model was close to the ideal line. Conclusions: This study developed and verified a highly accurate Nomogram model, which can be used to individualize the prediction of PTE in patients with cerebral contusion. It can identify individuals at high risk of PTE and help us pay attention to prevention in advance. The model has low cost and is easy to be popularized in clinic. There are still some limitations and deficiencies in this model, which still need to be verified and improved by large-sample and multi-center prospective studies.
Provider Perceptions of Availability, Accessibility, and Adequacy of Health and Behavioral Services for Latino Immigrants: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Martinez-Donate Ana , Dsouza Nishita , Cuellar Sierra , Connor Gabrielle , Zumaeta-Castillo Claudia , Lazo-Elizondo Mariana , Yamasaki Yoshiaki , Perez Cristina , Carroll-Scott Amy , Martinez Omar , Hassrick Elizabeth McGuee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Latino populations in the United States are disproportionately affected by substance use, HIV/AIDS, violence, and mental health issues (SAVAME). A growing body of evidence demonstrates the syndemic nature of SAVAME and the need for integrated strategies to reduce their impact. This study sought to understand the network of SAVAME services for Latino immigrants in a mid-Atlantic city to inform future interventions for SAVAME prevention and mitigation.
Methodology:
Key informant interviews (N = 30) were conducted with providers working in Latino-serving organizations providing SAVAME services. Interviews were analyzed using thematic coding and grounded theory.
Results
Latino-serving providers perceived a large need for, but important limitations in the availability, accessibility, and adequacy of SAVAME services for Latino immigrants. Gaps were seen as especially acute for mental health and substance use services, partly because of insufficient funding for these services. Latino immigrants’ lack of health insurance, immigration status, limited English proficiency (LEP), stigma surrounding SAVAME issues, and limited knowledge of available services were identified as significant barriers preventing access to services. Providers noted that scarcity of well-trained, culturally competent, and ethnically concordant providers reduced the adequacy of SAVAME services for Latino immigrant clients. The small size, low levels of infrastructure, and limited capacity were reported as additional factors limiting the ability of many Latino-serving organizations to adopt a syndemic approach in the prevention and treatment of SAVAME services.
Conclusions
The results call for changes in the structure of funding streams and communitywide strategies to foster collaboration across SAVAME providers working with Latino immigrant clients.
Relative enlargement of the medial preoptic area in the Etruscan shrew, the smallest torpid mammal
Authors: Sun Senmiao , Brecht Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Endothermy is a key feature of mammalian biology and enables mammals to maintain stable body temperature and homeostatic functions in the face of a rapidly changing environment. However, when faced with harsh environmental conditions, certain mammalian species enter torpor, a state characterized by reduced metabolism, body temperature, and activity, to minimize energy loss. Etruscan shrews are the smallest mammals, with a surface-to-volume ratio that is very unfavorable for endothermic animals. As a result, Etruscan shrews have an extremely high metabolic rate and are known to enter torpor frequently, presumably as an energy-saving measure. Despite the recent identification of medial preoptic area (MPA) as a key brain region to regulate torpor in mouse, little is known about neural control of torpor in other endothermic animals, including the Etruscan shrew. Here, we confirmed that Etruscan shrews readily enter torpor even in the absence of strong physiological triggers. We then compared the MPA of Etruscan shrew and rat, a mammal that does not enter torpor under physiological conditions. While rats have roughly 100 times the body weight and 33 times the brain weight of Etruscan shrews, we find that the rat MPA exhibits only 6.5 times the volume of that of the shrew. Accordingly, the relative brain volume of the MPA was 4.5-fold larger in shrews, a highly significant difference. Moreover, MPA neuron counts were only roughly twofold lower in shrews than in rats, an astonishing observation considering the interspecies size difference and that neocortical neurons are ~ 20x more numerous in rats than in shrews. We suggest that the extraordinary enlargement of the Etruscan shrew MPA is a specialization for orchestrating torpor in a mammal with an exceptional metabolism.
Temporal and spatial impact of lockdown during COVID-19 on air quality index in Haryana, India
Authors: Manjeet Manjeet , Khan Ruksar , Kumar Rahul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the evaluation of air quality in different districts of Haryana. Geo-spatial techniques were used to estimate gaseous and particulate pollutant's spatial and temporal variation during complete nationwide lockdown period and same month of previous year 2019 (March to May). Data of six fixed pollutants were collected from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). In this context, the data of air pollutants (PM 10, PM 2.5, O3, NOx, SO2, and CO) were analyzed for 2019 and 2020. The Spatio-temporal distribution of the Air Quality Index (AQI) clearly depicts difference in lockdown and unlock period. The result was showed that the air quality was very poor to satisfactory in 2019 and a improvement was observed from satisfactory to good in 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdown. The study suggests that air quality will be improved by the best utilization of straw burning, automobiles and reduce major pollutant sources.
Effect of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and Risk of Malaria among Ghanaian Pre-School Children with Haemoglobinopathies and Different ABO Blood Groups
Authors: Tchum Samuel Kofi , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Arthur Fareed , Adu Bright , Abubakar Latifatu Alhassan , Oppong Felix Boakye , Dzabeng Francis , Amoani Benjamin , Gyan Thomas , PokuAsante Kwaku 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHaemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disorder and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as well as differences in ABO blood groups have been shown to influence the risk of malaria and/or anaemia in malaria-endemic areas. This study assessed how iron fortification in addition to weaning meals affects anaemia and the risk of malaria in Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups.MethodsThis study was a double-blind, randomly clustered trial conducted within six months among infants and young children aged 6 to 35 months in rural Ghana (775 clusters, n = 860). Participants were randomly selected into clusters to receive daily semiliquid home-prepared meals mixed with either micronutrient powder without iron (noniron group) or with iron (iron group; 12.5mg of iron daily) for 5 months. Malaria infection was detected by microscopy, blood haemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured with a HemoCue Hb analyser, the reversed ABO blood grouping microtube assay was performed, and genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of G6PD deficiency in hemizygous males (8.5%) was higher than that in homozygous females (2.7%) but was similar (p=0.668). The prevalence rates of sickle cell traits (HbAS and HbSC) and sickle cell disorder (HbSS) were 17.5% and 0.5%, respectively. Blood group O was dominant (41.4%), followed by blood group A (29.6%) and blood group B (23.3%), while blood group AB (5.7%) was the rarest among the study participants. This study observed that children on an iron supplement with HbAS had significantly moderate anaemia at the endline (EL) compared to the baseline level (BL) (p = 0.004). However, subjects with HbAS and HbAC and blood groups A and O in the iron group had a significantly increased number of malaria episodes at EL than at BL (p < 0.05). Furthermore, children in the iron group with HbSS (p < 0.001) and the noniron group with HbCC (p = 0.010) were significantly less likely to develop malaria.ConclusionsIron supplementation increased anaemia in children with HbAS genotypes but provided less protection against malaria in children with HbAC and AS and blood groups A and O.
Molecular subtypes of ALS are associated with differences in patient prognosis
Authors: Eshima Jarrett , O'Connor Samantha , Marschall Ethan , Consortium NYGC ALS , Bowser Robert , Plaisier Christopher , Smith Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with poorly understood clinical heterogeneity, underscored by significant differences in patient age at onset, symptom progression, therapeutic response, disease duration, and comorbidity presentation. We performed a patient stratification analysis to better understand the variability in ALS pathology, utilizing postmortem frontal and motor cortex transcriptomes derived from 208 patients. Building on the emerging role of transposable element (TE) expression in ALS, we considered locus-specific TEs as distinct molecular features during stratification. We identified three unique molecular subtypes in this ALS cohort, with significant differences in patient survival. These results suggest independent disease mechanisms drive some of the clinical heterogeneity in ALS.
Rapid Bioethical Assessment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Host Genetic Study in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: Towards Context Specific Ethical Approach
Authors: Mekonnen Daniel , Munshea Abaineh , Nibret Endalkachew , Derbie Awoke , Wubetu Mastewal , Taye Mengistie , Zeru Taye , Bezabih Belay , Azage Muluken , Bobosha Kidist , Aseffa Abraham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Rapid Ethical Assessment (REA) is a rapid qualitative study anticipated to understand the ethical sphere of the research setting prior to recruiting study subjects. The aim of this study was to gather ethnographic data to assess the knowledge about TB and research, study the social arrangements of the community and appraise the research ethics process in Amhara National Regional State (ANRS).
Methods
An ethnographic study was conducted in ANRS from January 5 to 30, 2021. Google based quantitative survey was carried out to assess the perceptions of researchers about REA. Face to face indepth interview (IDI) and focus group discussion (FGDs) were carried out to collect the qualitative views of participants. The study was conducted among researchers, data collectors, health professionals and community and religious leaders. The information was structured in to seven themes.
Results
Over 71% of researchers were not satisfied with the current consent process, and 82.7% of researchers agreed that the best interest of research participants was not adequately addressed in the current research practice. Tuberculosis is well known by the community as disease of cough. The community misunderstood and misinterpreted what research is and its goals. For community based research, participants advised researchers to approach the community either with health extension workers (HEW), religious leaders or local health professionals for data collection. Combined use of verbal and written based information provision at individual participant level.
Conclusion and recommendations:
The general public in ANRS have low level of knowledge and awareness about research, goal of research, research ethics and TB host genetic study key terms. Hence, a short flyer of key terms to research, ethics and TB genomic study shall be prepared in the local language and shared to the community using available public media. Besides the international ethical standards, it is appropriate to adhere to local rules and regulations.
Production of a 135-residue long N-truncated human keratinocyte growth factor 1 in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kim Young Su , Lee Hye-Jeong , Handoko Gabriella Aphrodita , Kim Jae-hui , Kim Seong-Bo , Won Min-ho , Park Jung-ho , Ahn Jungoh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Palifermin (trade name Kepivance®) is an amino-terminally truncated recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 1 (KGF-1) with 140 residues that has been produced using Escherichia coli to prevent and treat oral mucositis following radiation or chemotherapy. In this study, an amino-terminally shortened KGF-1 variant with 135 residues was produced and purified in E. coli, and its cell proliferation activity was evaluated.Results: We expressed soluble KGF-1 fused to thioredoxin (TRX) in the cytoplasmic fraction of E. coli to improve its production yield. However, three N-truncated forms (KGF-1 with 140, 138, and 135 residues) were observed after the removal of the TRX protein from the fusion form by cleavage of the human enterokinase light chain C112S (hEKL C112S). The shortest KGF-1 variant, with 135 residues, was expressed by fusion with TRX via the hEKL cleavage site in E. coli and purified at high purity (>99%). Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that purified KGF-1135 had a structure similar to that of KGF-1 as a random coiled form, and MCF-7 cell proliferation assays demonstrate its biological activity.Conclusions: We identified variations in N-terminus-truncated KGF-1 and selected the most stable form. Furthermore, by a simple two-step purification, highly purified KGF-1135 was obtained that showed biological activity. These results demonstrate that KGF-1135 may be considered an alternative protein to KGF-1.