bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geschlechtsinkongruenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Romer Georg Romer , Lempp Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel wird ein praxisnaher Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Geschlechtsinkongruenz und Geschlechtsdysphorie im Kindes- und Jugendalter dargestellt. Ausgehend von dem in der ICD-11 vollzogenen Paradigmenwechsel, wonach die Geschlechtsinkongruenz keine psychische Störung ist, werden die wichtigsten sich daraus ergebenden Neuerungen für den professionellen Umgang mit Geschlechtsdiversität diskutiert. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Unterstützung geschlechtsdiverser Personen, ein Leben im empfundenen Geschlecht zu führen. Bei einer Geschlechtsinkongruenz im Kindesalter besteht meist kein weiterer Behandlungsbedarf. Im Jugendalter kann die fortschreitende körperliche Reifung zu einem geschlechtsdysphorischen Leidensdruck führen, der neben unterstützender Psychotherapie häufig die Empfehlung für gestufte somatomedizinische Interventionen zum Aufhalten der pubertären Reifung und zur Geschlechtsangleichung begründet. Die Voraussetzungen für individuelle Indikationen werden gemeinsam mit den hierbei zu berücksichtigenden ethischen Maßgaben ausgeführt.
Untersuchungen zum Einsatz des jodhaltigen Kontrastmittels Amidotrizoesäure beim Kaninchen (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Dierig Julie-Ann , Fehr Michael , Leiter Ina , Reuschel Maximilian 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel In dieser Studie wurde der Einsatz des jodhaltigen Kontrastmittels (KM) Amidotrizoat an gesunden und an Kaninchen mit einer Magendilatation und einem Verdacht auf eine intestinale Obstruktion untersucht. Dazu wurden die Passagezeiten durch den Magendarmtrakt und der klinische Einsatz innerhalb eines Jahres untersucht. Außerdem wurde ein möglicher Einfluss auf Schilddrüsenhormone evaluiert.
Material und Methoden Die KM-Passagezeiten durch die einzelnen Darmabschnitte wurden an 14 gesunden Kaninchen röntgenologisch untersucht. Dazu wurden 7 ml/kg einer Lösung mit 300 mg Iod/ml und 600 mg Amidotrizoat/ml verabreicht und die Tiere in zeitlichen Abständen erneut geröntgt. Zur Untersuchung der Schilddrüsenhormone (TT4, fT4, TSH) wurden 3 verschiedene Dosierungen (D1 2 ml/kg, D2 7 ml/kg, D3 10 ml/kg) verabreicht und an 2 Zeitpunkten (60 min, 24 h) Blutproben entnommen. Außerdem wurden innerhalb eines Jahres 70 Kaninchen, die wegen einer Magendilatation und dem Verdacht einer Obstruktion das Kontrastmittel Amidotrizoat erhalten hatten, mit Augenmerk auf den Nachweis von Kontrastmittel im Zäkum, Laborveränderungen und Mortalitäten retrospektiv ausgewertet
Ergebnisse Bei allen gesunden Kaninchen war im Mittel nach 45–60 min Kontrastmittel im Zäkum nachweisbar. Bei den erkrankten Tieren zeigte sich dies im Mittel nach 121,2 min. Diese Patienten wiesen zu 92,4 % eine Hypothermie, zu 45,9 % eine Hyperglykämie, zu 56,1 % eine Erhöhung von Harnstoff und zu 33,9 % eine Erhöhung des Kreatinins auf. 71,4 % konnten medikamentös versorgt werden, wobei 12 % dieser Fälle letal verliefen. 28,6 % chirurgisch versorgte Kaninchen wiesen eine Mortalität von 50 % auf. Die TT4-
, fT4-
und TSH-Bestimmungen ergaben unter allen 3 Dosierungen signifikante Abweichungen (p < 0,05). Die Werte erwiesen sich bei einer Kontrolluntersuchung 2 Wochen später als transient.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Bei Verdacht eines Ileus beim Kaninchen kann neben dem Einsatz von nativen Röntgenaufnahmen Amidotrizoat für die Bewertung des Krankheitsverlaufs hilfreich sein. Eine Kontrolle der Nierenfunktion und eine Hydrierung des Tieres sind anzuraten. Es konnten transiente Veränderungen der Schilddrüsenhormone nachgewiesen werden, die aber ohne klinische Relevanz blieben.
Can the Processed EEG Be Utilized as a Cerebral Ischemia Monitor during the Temporary Clip Application in Anterior Circulation Aneurysm Surgery?
Authors: Mariappan Ramamani , Krothapalli Srinivasa B. , Nair Bijesh R. , Alexander Benjamin F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatients undergoing cerebral aneurysm clipping are at risk for cerebral ischemia. Ischemic tolerance varies among individuals. Hence, multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is essential. IONM is not available in many centers. This case report highlights the utilization of processed electroencephalography (EEG) as a cerebral ischemia monitor during temporary clip application. Our patient underwent clipping of a ruptured anterior-communicating artery aneurysm. After the temporary clip applications on the right and left, A1 arterial segments led to a transient drop of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). At the same time, the frontal four-channel processed EEG showed a burst suppression (BS) pattern. Blood pressure augmentation and the removal of temporary clips helped restore the SSEP back to baseline and the disappearance of the BS pattern in processed EEG. During the steady state of anesthesia, the sudden appearance of the BS pattern in processed EEG can be attributed to clip-induced cerebral ischemia after ruling out other potential causes for BS.
A Rare Case of Drug Interaction Presenting as Perioperative Hyperthermia in a Patient Presenting for Neurosurgery
Authors: Suresh Sapna , Hrishi Ajay P. , Sethuraman Manikandan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPerioperative hyperthermia has many differential diagnoses. This case report describes the rare causation of perioperative hyperthermia in a patient presenting for epilepsy surgery. The patient had two episodes of hyperthermia, initially post-anesthetic induction and later in the immediate post-operative period. The quest for the etiology sheds light on a rare drug interaction between topiramate, an antiepileptic drug, and glycopyrrolate causing intraoperative hyperthermia. However, the literature has not reported drug interaction between topiramate and glycopyrrolate resulting in perioperative hyperthermia. The combination of a glycopyrrolate-induced rise in temperature and oligohidrosis could have resulted in hyperthermia in our patient. Thus, it is prudent to avoid glycopyrrolate in the perioperative period when patients are on topiramate.
A Narrative Review on Translational Research in Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Mahajan Charu , Kapoor Indu , Prabhakar Hemanshu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere has been a constant endeavor to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with acute brain injury. The associated complex mechanisms involving biomechanics, markers, and neuroprotective drugs/measures have been extensively studied in preclinical studies with an ultimate aim to improve the patients' outcomes. Despite such efforts, only few have been successfully translated into clinical practice. In this review, we shall be discussing the major hurdles in the translation of preclinical results into clinical practice. The need is to choose an appropriate animal model, keeping in mind the species, age, and gender of the animal, choosing suitable outcome measures, ensuring quality of animal trials, and carrying out systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies before proceeding to human trials. The interdisciplinary collaboration between the preclinical and clinical scientists will help to design better, meaningful trials which might help a long way in successful translation. Although challenging at this stage, the advent of translational precision medicine will help the integration of mechanism-centric translational medicine and patient-centric precision medicine.
Who Is Healthy? A Review of How Equine Control Groups Are Defined in Clinical Orthopaedic Research 1999–2021
Authors: Wrangberg Tobias , Kendall Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction Proper identification of healthy subjects is essential in case–control studies. However, standardized definitions of healthy controls are lacking in equine orthopaedic research.Objectives The aim of this study was to define the non-invasive methods used for selecting healthy control horses in osteoarthritis (OA), desmitis and tendinitis research.Methods Systematic review. Case–control studies with a healthy control group and longitudinal studies where horses had to be healthy at the start were included. Studies where joints were visualized by arthroscopy or post-mortem examination were excluded.Results From 2,472 OA papers and 2,746 desmitis/tendinitis papers, 127 and 84 papers met the inclusion criteria respectively. For OA, 11 methods were identified for defining healthy subjects with a median of three methods used per paper. Dynamic examination, radiographic evaluation and clinical examination were the most frequent. Eight different methods were identified in the desmitis/tendinitis papers with a median of three methods per paper; ultrasonography, clinical- and dynamic examination were the most frequent.Conclusions Overall, the OA and desmitis/tendinitis studies used similar methods for defining subjects as healthy, but the way the examinations were performed and interpreted was inconsistent. In several studies, healthy controls were not examined for lameness. The most common methods have limitations for detecting horses with early OA, which may have implications for interpretation of results. Standardized use of more sensitive and objective methods could be beneficial.
A Case Report of Two Bahraini Siblings Presenting with Different Rare Neurogenetic Disorders: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis and Rigid Spine Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Ahmed Suha , Malalla Husain , Busehail Mariam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCongenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease and can pose a diagnostic challenge, as the initial presentation of the disease is varied and can be attributed to different causes. Muscular dystrophies are genetically and clinically heterogeneous. We describe a 2-year-old Bahraini boy who was evaluated in the neonatal period for pyrexia of unknown origin, and then noticed to have recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections during infancy and abnormal behavior (self-mutilation). Whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous pathogenic variant in the NTRK1 gene. His 4 years old sister was followed by the pediatric neurology team for unexplained fluctuating muscle weakness since the age of 2 years. A genetic etiology was suspected in her case, in view of positive family history with similar presentation and the whole-exome sequencing revealed homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the SELENON gene, consistent with a genetic diagnosis of autosomal recessive disorders associated with SELENON gene.
LVP vs TIPS for Refractory Ascites: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Varma Rakesh K. , Singh Karan Bir , Bready Eric , Singh Deepak , Caridi Theresa M. , Shoreibah Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAscites is the most common complication of end stage liver disease. Refractory ascites is considered a poor prognostic indicator and impacts quality of life, overall survival and contributes significantly to the cost associated with its management. Serial large volume paracentesis (LVP) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement are the most utilized procedures for the management of refractory ascites and have their advantages and disadvantages. The pathophysiology of ascites in cirrhosis is multifactorial which makes management complex, requiring the consideration of multiple clinical and biochemical variables to guide the appropriate management. This article provides a broad overview of LVP and TIPS, with review of the latest clinical trials and meta-analyses to help guide the management of refractory ascites and improve patient outcomes.
Generating and Reporting Electronic Clinical Quality Measures from Electronic Health Records: Strategies from EvidenceNOW Cooperatives
Authors: Richardson Joshua E. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Dorr David A. , Sirkin Jenna T. , Shelley Donna , Rivera Adovich , Wu Winfred , Cykert Samuel , Cohen Deborah J. , Kho Abel N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs) from electronic health records (EHRs) are a key component of quality improvement (QI) initiatives in small-to-medium size primary care practices, but using eCQMs for QI can be challenging. Organizational strategies are needed to effectively operationalize eCQMs for QI in these practice settings.
Objective This study aimed to characterize strategies that seven regional cooperatives participating in the EvidenceNOW initiative developed to generate and report EHR-based eCQMs for QI in small-to-medium size practices.
Methods A qualitative study comprised of 17 interviews with representatives from all seven EvidenceNOW cooperatives was conducted. Interviewees included administrators were with both strategic and cooperative-level operational responsibilities and external practice facilitators were with hands-on experience helping practices use EHRs and eCQMs. A subteam conducted 1-hour semistructured telephone interviews with administrators and practice facilitators, then analyzed interview transcripts using immersion crystallization. The analysis and a conceptual model were vetted and approved by the larger group of coauthors.
Results Cooperative strategies consisted of efforts in four key domains. First, cooperative adaptation shaped overall strategies for calculating eCQMs whether using EHRs, a centralized source, or a “hybrid strategy” of the two. Second, the eCQM generation described how EHR data were extracted, validated, and reported for calculating eCQMs. Third, practice facilitation characterized how facilitators with backgrounds in health information technology (IT) delivered services and solutions for data capture and quality and practice support. Fourth, performance reporting strategies and tools informed QI efforts and how cooperatives could alter their approaches to eCQMs.
Conclusion Cooperatives ultimately generated and reported eCQMs using hybrid strategies because they determined neither EHRs alone nor centralized sources alone could operationalize eCQMs for QI. This required cooperatives to devise solutions and utilize resources that often are unavailable to typical small-to-medium-sized practices. The experiences from EvidenceNOW cooperatives provide insights into how organizations can plan for challenges and operationalize EHR-based eCQMs.
What does it mean to wear a mask?
Authors: Geeraerts Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIf first-order empathy is the ability of Self to take into account Other’s point of view, then second-order empathy may be identified as the ability of Self to take into account Other’s point of view as including a view of Self. Considering that a hearer may choose between a first-order empathic and a second-order empathic interpretation of speaker utterances, second-order empathy introduces a pervasive indeterminacy in speaker-hearer interactions. The paper introduces this ambiguity potential in terms of the semiotics of face mask wearing during the corona pandemic, and then extrapolates the ensuing pattern of interpretative options to representative speech acts. The interaction between degree of empathy on one hand, and on the other the convergence or divergence of speaker and hearer beliefs is shown to yield six basic interpretative configurations: assertion, mistake, agreement, disagreement, irony, deception. Recognizing this ambiguity potential of second-order empathy is relevant for linguistic intersubjectivity research and post-Gricean pragmatics, and for the psychological theory of mind paradigm.
Drywood termites.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This book discusses drywood termites. The characteristics of this group are based on the alates (winged primary reproductives) and includes the presence of ocelli, a left mandible with two marginal teeth, 2-segmented cerci, antennae with 10 to 24 segments, and lack of a fontanelle. The colony of the dry wood termite consists of a labyrinth of gallery systems inside wood that expands with time as the population increases. Unlike subterranean termites, a drywood colony does not need to forage for food; however, with the passing of time the colony can face a serious depletion of food. However, the common name often associated with this family, "dry wood", is misleading. The control of drywood termite starts with visual inspection which is possible when the affected wood is accessible. Drywood termites were first recognized as a distinct group in the late 19th century and assigned to the family Kalotermitidae. The architecture of the gallery system consists of narrow passageways that inter-connect to a number of larger feeding chambers. Colony fusion between two colonies is known to occur after they contact each other in the same wooden material. Fumigation by use of registered fumigants is an efficient and effective method for large infestations. Prevention of infestation from drywood termites is another method of controlling damage.
Rodents.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye, II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This chapter provides key questions (and answers) in urban pest management, focusing on rodents. Rats and mice are among the most common vertebrate pests found in urban environments, specifically in buildings. They are troublesome because they are well-adapted to live alongside people but destroy or contaminate food products (such as fruit, vegetables, grains and meat) and fabrics, cause structural damage, damage wires, which increases the risk of fires, and are also carriers of disease organisms.
Handling pesticides.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip G. , Pereira Roberto M. , Dye, II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This chapter provides key questions on handling of pesticides used for the urban pest management industry. These pesticides are selective in their toxicity to affect the survival, development, and reproduction of the target pest species, and they have greater adverse effects on pests than on humans and other non-target species. However, applicators should not underestimate the effects of pesticide exposure when they use improper mixing, application, and safety equipment, and do not take precautions to protect themselves. Pesticide safety awareness can minimize the potential adverse effects of excessive exposure on the job.
Precise sinusoidal signal extraction from noisy waveform in vibration calibration
Authors: Shimoda Tomofumi , Kokuyama Wataru , Nozato Hideaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Precise extraction of sinusoidal vibration parameters is essential for the dynamic calibration of vibration sensors, such as accelerometers. However, several standard methods have not yet been optimized for large background noise. In this work, signal processing methods to extract small vibration signals from noisy data in the case of accelerometer calibration are discussed. The results show that spectral leakage degrades calibration accuracy. Three methods based on the use of a filter, window function, and numerical differentiation are investigated to reduce the contribution of the calibration system noise. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods with theoretical calculations, simulations, and experiments. The uncertainty of microvibration calibration in the National Metrology Institute of Japan is reduced by two orders of magnitudes using the proposed methods. We recommend to use a combination of numerical differentiation and either a time-domain window function or a bandpass filter for most accelerometer microvibration sensitivity calibrations. For suppressing the effects of line noise, adjusting the data set length is also effective.
Numerical investigation on the interaction between cavitation and vortex in a Venturi tube based on Liutex method
Authors: Liang Yunzhi , Zhang Zuti , Cheng Huaiyu , Long Xinping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the cavitating flow in a venturi tube is simulated by LES combined with the ZGB cavitation model. A satisfying agreement between the numerical and experimental results is obtained. The comparison among Liutex method, vorticity method, Q method, λ
ci method and Ω method has shown that Liutex method could suppress interference of shearing and preserve intensity of vortex. Thus, Liutex vortex identification method was selected to analyse the interaction between cavitation and vortex based on our numerical results. It is found that the strong vortex ring in the throat induces the cavitation ring. The ring shape cavitation cloud develops into the diffuser and separates from the wall, where small vortices occur. Forced by the re-entrant flow and small vortices, the thickness of cavities reduces, resulting in the breaking and shedding of cavities. Shedding cavities rapidly collapse, strengthening the intensity of vortices around the cavities.
Two phase (water/air) suction performance of turbopump inducer
Authors: Nasu K , Kitabata T , Tanaka Y , Watanabe S , Matsunaga Y , Ohashi S , Sakata A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the gas-liquid two-phase flow performance of a turbopump with an inducer has been experimentally investigated. In the performance evaluation test, the air bubbles is released from dissolved air at the upstream valve to realize two-phase flow. By this method, a homogeneous bubbly flow is expected just after the valve. The amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important parameter, and the experiment is carried out under the conditions of DO≅50%, 100%, 200%, where DO[%] indicates the relative amount of DO against the saturated value at the atmospheric condition. Under each DO condition, the experiment is performed at various water flow rates. As a result, a clear trend that the higher DO is, the worse the performance becomes, is observed. It is found that the mechanism for the head drop of the pump differs between at high and low flow rates. At the high flow rate, the performance does not deteriorate up to relatively high volumetric flow rate ratio of air and water. The cause of performance deterioration seems to be the increased number and/or size of bubbles released at the upstream valve. On the other hand, at the low flow rate, the performance deteriorates at relatively low air-water flow rate ratio. Although the air water volume flow ratio is low, the bubbles can precipitate in inlet flow recirculation and back flow vortices, which seems to cause the performance deterioration.
Dynamic characteristics and stability evaluation of cavitation-induced flow instability in a conical diffuser
Authors: Nakajima Kazushi , Tsutaya Kazufusa , Kubo Masashi , Miyagawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is known that cavitation surge, which is a self-excited vibration caused by cavitation volume fluctuation, may occurs in a draft tube of a water turbine when it is operated under overload. In this study, a cavitation surge was generated by a swirling flow into a Venturi tube, and its dynamic characteristics and stability were evaluated using a one-dimensional model and a transfer matrix. In addition, the variation of the cavitation volume was calculated using the binarization process with a high speed camera and compared with CFD. As a result, it is possible to evaluate the period of the cavitation volume fluctuation by the binarization process, but it is difficult to evaluate its volume quantitatively. The magnitudes of the cavitation compliance and the mass flow gain factor decrease with the increase of the cavitation coefficient. The magnitudes of the mass flow gain factor also tend to decrease with decreasing swirl number. The phase of the mass flow gain factor tends to delay as the cavitation coefficient increases. It is found that the phase of the mass flow gain factor and the cavitation compliance are also important parameters for the stability.