bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental Prognosis by Left Atrial Functional Assessment: The Left Atrial Coupling Index in Patients With Floppy Mitral Valves
Authors: Essayagh Benjamin , Benfari Giovanni , Antoine Clémence , Maalouf Joseph , Pislaru Sorin , Thapa Prabin , Michelena Hector I. , Enriquez‐Sarano Maurice 
Published: April 2022

Background
Emerging data suggest important prognostic value to left atrial (LA) characteristics, but the independent impact of LA function on outcome remains unsubstantiated. Thus, we aimed to define the incremental prognostic value of LA coupling index (LACI), coupling volumetric and mechanical LA characteristics and calculated as the ratio of left atrial volume index to tissue Doppler imaging a′, in a large cohort of patients with isolated floppy mitral valve.

Methods and Results

All consecutive 4792 patients (61±16 years, 48% women) with isolated floppy mitral valve in sinus rhythm diagnosed at Mayo Clinic from 2003 to 2011, comprehensively characterized and with prospectively measured left atrial volume index and tissue Doppler imaging a′ in routine practice, were enrolled, and their long‐term survival analyzed. Overall, LACI was 5.8±3.7 and was <5 in 2422 versus ≥5 in 2370 patients. LACI was independently higher with older age, more mitral regurgitation (no 3.8±2.3, mild 5.1±3.0, moderate 6.5±3.8, and severe 7.8±4.3), and with diastolic (higher E/e′) and systolic (higher end‐systolic dimension) left ventricular dysfunction (all
P
≤0.0001). At diagnosis, higher LACI was associated with more severe presentation (more dyspnea, more severe functional tricuspid regurgitation, and elevated pulmonary artery pressure, all
P
≤0.0001) independently of age, sex, comorbidity index, ventricular function, and mitral regurgitation severity. During 7.0±3.0 years follow‐up, 1146 patients underwent mitral valve surgery (94% repair, 6% replacement), and 880 died, 780 under medical management. In spline curve analysis, LACI ≥5 was identified as the threshold for excess mortality, with much reduced 10‐year survival under medical management (60±2% versus 85±1% for LACI <5,
P
<0.0001), even after comprehensive adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.10–1.53] for LACI ≥5;
P
=0.002). Association of LACI ≥5 with higher mortality persisted, stratifying by mitral regurgitation severity of LA enlargement grade (all
P
<0.001) and after propensity‐score matching (
P
=0.02). Multiple statistical methods confirmed the significant incremental predictive power of LACI over left atrial volume index (all
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
LA functional assessment by LACI in routine practice is achievable in a large number of patients with floppy mitral valve using conventional Doppler echocardiographic measurements. Higher LACI is associated with worse clinical presentation, but irrespective of baseline characteristics, LACI is strongly, independently, and incrementally determinant of outcome, demonstrating the crucial importance of LA functional response to mitral valve disease.
Microcirculatory Function in Nonhypertrophic and Hypertrophic Myocardium in Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Sabbah Muhammad , Olsen Niels Thue , Minkkinen Mikko , Holmvang Lene , Tilsted Hans‐Henrik , Pedersen Frants , Joshi Francis R. , Ahtarovski Kiril , Sørensen Rikke , Linde Jesper James , Søndergaard Lars , Pijls Nico , Lønborg Jacob , Engstrøm Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Background
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has often been supposed to be associated with abnormal myocardial blood flow and resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the physiological and pathological changes in myocardial blood flow and microcirculatory resistance in patients with and without LVH attributable to severe aortic stenosis.

Methods and Results

Absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance were measured using a novel technique with continuous thermodilution and infusion of saline. In addition, myocardial mass was assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty‐three patients with aortic valve stenosis were enrolled in the study. In 32 patients with LVH, hyperemic blood flow per gram of tissue was significantly decreased compared with 21 patients without LVH (1.26±0.48 versus 1.66±0.65 mL·min
−1
·g
−1
;
P
=0.018), whereas minimal resistance indexed for left ventricular mass was significantly increased in patients with LVH (63 [47–82] versus 43 [35–63] Wood Units·kg;
P
=0.014).

Conclusions
Patients with LVH attributable to severe aortic stenosis had lower hyperemic blood flow per gram of myocardium and higher minimal myocardial resistance compared with patients without LVH.
Endovascular Treatment May Benefit Patients With Low Baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score: Results From the MR CLEAN Registry
Authors: Kappelhof Manon , Jansen Ivo G.H. , Ospel Johanna M. , Yoo Albert J. , Beenen Ludo F.M. , Roosendaal Stefan D. , Mulder Maxim J.H.L. , Martens Jasper M. , Postma Alida A. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , van Zwam Wim H. , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. ,   the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background
Current American guidelines are uncertain regarding endovascular treatment (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke with an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) <6. Dutch guidelines do not specify ASPECTS‐based exclusion criteria for EVT. In this retrospective observational cohort study, we investigated outcomes of EVT in patients with low ASPECTS in the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands) registry.

Methods
ASPECTS was trichotomized into 0 to 2, 3 to 5, and 6 to 10, according to the grouping used in the ongoing trials. The effect of ASPECTS (granular and trichotomized) on 90‐day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was assessed with multivariable logistic regression. We included multiplicative interaction terms to evaluate treatment interaction between ASPECTS and reperfusion (extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2B‐3) as a proxy for EVT.

Results

Among 3075 included patients, higher ASPECTS was associated with improved functional outcome (granular: adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.10; trichotomized: acOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.23–1.87). Interaction with reperfusion was not significant (
P
=0.99 for granular,
P
=0.76 for trichotomized ASPECTS). All ASPECTS subgroups showed benefit of reperfusion (0–2 [n = 39]: acOR, 7.40; 95% CI, 1.41–18.68; 3–5 [n = 214]: acOR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.13–3.34; 6–10 [n = 2822]: acOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.08–2.80). ASPECTS was not associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (granular: acOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92–1.10, trichotomized: acOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.60–1.41).

Conclusion
Benefit of reperfusion was not modified by baseline ASPECTS. Patients in all ASPECTS subgroups showed benefit of reperfusion. These findings do not support withholding EVT on the basis of low ASPECTS only.
Synoptic Connections and Impacts of 14-Day Extreme Precipitation Events in the United States
Authors: Schroers Melanie , Martin Elinor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Long periods of extreme precipitation can cause costly damages to a region’s infrastructure while also creating a higher risk for the region’s population. Planning for these periods would ideally begin at the subseasonal-to-seasonal time scale, yet prediction of precipitation at this time scale has low skill. In this study, we will use Jennrich et al.’s database of 14-day extreme precipitation events to understand more about the synoptic connections and impacts of these extended extreme events. The synoptic connections of events were examined using the composites of event-day 500-hPa geopotential height and precipitable water anomalies. The combination of these two drivers leads to higher skill in the West Coast and Great Lakes than other regions, with an equitable threat score of 0.137 and 0.084, respectively, and higher conditional probabilities of event occurrence. Therefore, the synoptic patterns associated with events, although significant, are not unique, which poses prediction challenges. Historical impacts of these events, using NCEI storm reports, were assessed to benefit decision-makers in future risk mitigation. A variety of reports were found during events, from winter weather reports in West Coast events to tropical storm reports in Southeast events. Every region has significantly more flooding reports during events than in nonextreme 14-day periods, demonstrating the impacts of such extended events. Although there is still much to learn about extreme precipitation events, this study contributes to the foundational knowledge of synoptic drivers and impacts of events.
The Characteristics and Variability of Intraseasonal Coastal Kelvin Waves in the Bay of Bengal under Hindcast Conditions and the RCP8.5 Scenario
Authors: Zhang Zheen , Pohlmann Thomas , Chen Xueen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The characteristics and variability of intraseasonal internal coastal Kelvin waves (CKWs) along the Bay of Bengal (BoB) waveguide are investigated in the context of global warming by employing a regional ocean model. The analyzed period covers 120 years from 1980 to 2099, which includes the historical scenario and the RCP8.5 scenario. CKW information is successfully extracted from the temperature anomalies along the pycnocline by applying a newly developed methodology. The analysis reveals that intraseasonal CKWs in the BoB are highly in accordance with the intraseasonal zonal wind stress in the western equatorial Indian Ocean; the downwelling CKW lags the equatorial intraseasonal westerly winds, and the upwelling CKW lags the equatorial intraseasonal easterly winds. The CKWs significantly affect subsurface characteristics at the eastern BoB boundary, and the weakening of CKWs near the Irrawaddy Delta tip is a general feature occurring in the subsurface. With respect to the long-term scale, the occurrence of significant CKWs is predicted to be more frequent in the future under the high emissions pathway. Remarkably, the monthly climatology of CKWs varies over time; unlike the first two 30-yr analyzed periods, significant CKWs are predicted to mainly occur around August during the last two 30-yr periods due to the corresponding variabilities in the equatorial wind field, suggesting that the BoB characteristics may greatly deviate from the current climatological state.
Damage Analysis and Close-Range Radar Observations of the 13 April 2019 Greenwood Springs, Mississippi, Tornado during VORTEX-SE Meso18-19
Authors: Lyza Anthony W. , Goudeau Barrett T. , Knupp Kevin R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A tornado outbreak occurred across the Southeast United States on 13–14 April 2019, during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment–Southeast (VORTEX-SE) Meso18-19 experiment. Among the most noteworthy events was a pair of large tornadoes in Monroe County, Mississippi, near the Columbus Air Force Base (GWX) Weather Surveillance Radar–1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). The second tornado, near the Greenwood Springs community, formed within the “no data” region near the radar and passed about 900 m to its east, rapidly strengthening into an intense tornado. This tornado produced forest devastation and electrical infrastructure damage up to at least EF4 intensity. The maximum radial velocity from GWX was 81.5 m s−1 (182 mph) in a resolution volume centered at 56 m (183 ft) above radar level. This paper presents a damage survey of the Greenwood Springs tornado and compares this assessment to the GWX data. A displacement of the maximum forest damage from the maximum radial velocity, despite the radar beam sampling <100 m ARL, is documented, as well as other likely effects of debris loading by the tornado on the observed radar signatures. The radar observations are placed into context with past mobile radar studies to illustrate the unique nature of this dataset. The relationship between radar data and damage observations, the implications for tornado structure in rough terrain and land cover, and the use of forest damage and radar data in tornado intensity estimation are discussed.

Significance Statement
This study showcases radar and damage observations of an intense tornado in a forested region of Mississippi. The formation of the tornado within 1 km of a WSR-88D allowed for near-surface radar observations to be collected as significant tree destruction was occurring. Doppler velocities below 60 m above radar level (ARL), near tree canopy top, exceeded 80 m s−1. Tree damage patterns were complicated while the tornado was near maximum intensity. The most severe tree damage was notably displaced from the highest radar-observed velocities, despite the radar sampling as low as 45 m ARL. These findings highlight challenges in utilizing radar data to estimate tornado intensity and structure, particularly in a region of relatively high surface and terrain roughness.
An Evaluation of Surface Wind and Gust Forecasts from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Model
Authors: Fovell Robert G. , Gallagher Alex 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We utilized high temporal resolution, near-surface observations of sustained winds and gusts from two networks, the primarily airport-based Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and the New York State Mesonet (NYSM), to evaluate forecasts from the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model, versions 3 and 4. Consistent with past studies, we showed the model has a high degree of skill in reproducing the diurnal variation of network-averaged wind speed of ASOS stations, but also revealed several areas where improvements could be made. Forecasts were found to be underdispersive, deficient in both temporal and spatial variability, with significant errors occurring during local nighttime hours in all regions and in forested environments for all hours of the day. This explained why the model overpredicted the network-averaged wind in the NYSM because much of that network’s stations are in forested areas. A simple gust parameterization was shown not only to have skill in predicting gusts in both networks but also to mitigate systemic biases found in the sustained wind forecasts.

Significance Statement
Many users depend on forecasts from operational models and need to know their strengths, weaknesses, and limitations. We examined generally high-quality near-surface observations of sustained winds and gusts from the nationwide Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and the New York State Mesonet (NYSM) and used them to evaluate forecasts from the previous (version 3) and current (version 4) operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model for a selected month. Evidence indicated that the wind forecasts are excellent yet imperfect and areas for further improvement remain. In particular, we showed there is a high degree of skill in representing the diurnal variation of sustained wind at ASOS stations but insufficient spatial and temporal forecast variability and overprediction at night everywhere, in forested areas at all times of day, and at NYSM sites in particular, which are more likely to be sited in the forest. Gusts are subgrid even at the fine grid spacing of the HRRR (3 km) and thus must be parameterized. Our simple gust algorithm corrected for some of these systemic biases, resulting in very good predictions of the maximum hourly gust.
Release of Interleukin-1β evaluation among mineral oil mist‐exposed workers
Authors: Gandomani Elham A , Mosaffa Nariman , Zendehdel Rezvan , Kohneshahri Mehrdad H , Vahabi Masoomeh , Sabour Siamak 
Published: April 2022

Exposure to aerosols has been found to be linked to respiratory impairment. Although the effects of both indoor and outdoor exposures to particulates have been extensively reported, exposures to mists are less studied. Herein, we reported a survey of mineral oil mist toxicity in an occupational exposure scenario. For the purpose of this study, 65 lathe workers of the metal processing industry, as mineral oil mist–exposed population, were studied. Thereafter, the participants’ age, smoking habits and work experience were matched with those of the control workers ( n = 65) who were not occupationally exposed to mist. Thereafter, air samples were evaluated from the breathing zone of the workers using NIOSH method 5026. Plasma Interleukin-1β as a pro-inflammatory indicator was assessed in all the studied subjects. Mean ± standard deviation of mineral oil mist time-weighted average exposure in lathe workers was 7.10± 3.49 mg/m3. IL-1β cytokine levels were significantly higher in the lathe groups compared to the control group. The mean level of Interleukin-1β in the control subjects (2922 pg/L) was selected as the cut-off point of the inflammation effect. Based on this pro-inflammatory point, the results of monitoring showed that 60% of the exposed were affected. A Spearman correlation was also found between mineral oil mist exposure and inflammation in the affected subjects. Our findings highlighted the immunological potential of mineral oil mist in occupational exposure. Overall, the results of this study suggested that Interleukin-1β evaluation in mineral oil mist exposure could be considered as both an acute and chronic inflammation marker.
Risk Factors for Experiencing Gender Based Violence Across Racial Groups
Authors: Baldwin-White Adrienne , Daigle Leah , Teasdale Brent 
Published: April 2022

Background College student interpersonal violence victimization is a major public health issue. Sexual assault and intimate partner violence have negative effects on mental and physical health, as well as an individual’s ability to perform well academically and fully participate in the college experience. Because an individual’s race impacts how they experience the world, it is important to consider racial differences in experiences of interpersonal violence. Study Question This study sought to understand the particular characteristics of Black, White, and Hispanic students that increase their risk of experiencing interpersonal violence victimization. Method and Subjects Researchers performed a latent class analysis using the Spring 2013 data from the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment II to determine whether the risk factors for victimization of college students vary based on race. Data was collected from 123,078 college students attending 153 institutions of higher learning. Findings Results of this latent class analysis showed a 5 class solution where each class had unique risks that increased the potential for interpersonal violence victimization based on the race of the respondent. Implications Group based differences need to be considered when developing prevention strategies to reduce the risk of victimization on college campuses. Because different risks increase victimization for White, Black, and Hispanic students, it is important to consider how risk reduction strategies may differ for these groups; and ensure that all prevention strategies are culturally informed.
Role of formulation additives on the properties of thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer-based and carbon fabric-reinforced multilayer composites
Authors: Yasar Miray , Celebi Hande , Bayram Goknur 
Published: April 2022

In this study, multilayer carbon fabric-reinforced composites (CFRC) were manufactured by compression molding technique with the combination of carbon fabric and thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) composites. The TPEE-based polymer layers were prepared as binary, ternary, and quaternary composites using carbon black (CB) or N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAP) modified carbon black (mCB), ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) and/or paraffin oil. The effects of formulation additives on multilayer CFRC were investigated in terms of their mechanical, electrical resistivity, electrically stimulated shape memory properties and morphologies. Tensile modulus of neat TPEE included multilayer CFRC increased slightly with the addition of both mCB and oil to TPEE. The highest impact strength of 112.2 kJ/m2 was obtained for TPEE-mCB-EGMA-Oil containing CFRC multilayer composites, which was 30% higher than CFRC with neat TPEE. All modified and reinforced CFRC exhibited higher electrical conductivities than neat TPEE containing CFRC. Electrically triggered bending test showed that combination of TPEE, mCB, EGMA and oil together with carbon fabric in multilayer structure revealed 80% shape recovery ratio within less than 2 min.
Study on selective laser sintering process and investment casting of rice husk/ Co-Polyamide (Co-PA hotmelt adhesive) composite
Authors: Li Haolin , Guo Yanling , Shuhui Tong , Jian Li , Idriss Aboubaker IB 
Published: April 2022

The current available wood-plastic materials used for selective laser sintering (SLS) investment casting are often poor in fluidity in molten state, which is not easy to flow out the shell mold. This led to a large amount of residual ash in mold after heating and lowered the quality of the sintered parts. In this article, the Co-Polyamide (Co-PA Hotmelt adhesive) and rice husk powders (RH) were proposed as the feedstock of the rice husk (RH)/CO-PA composite (RHPA) for SLS. CO-PA with good fluidity was used as the matrix and RH powder as the additive materials. This paper aims to optimize the SLS processing parameters and determine the optimal ratio of RHPA parts manufactured by SLS. Through this work, an orthogonal experimental method of five factors and four levels was used to determine the optimum SLS parameters for the RHPA SLS test. The scan spacing, scan speed, laser power, layer thickness, and preheating temperature are chosen as main SLS affecting factors of this study. The synthesis weighted scoring methods were used to conclude the optimal combination of SLS parameters of RHPA i.e., scan spacing = 0.15mm, scan speed = 2m/s, laser power =16W, layer thickness = 0.25 mm and the preheating temperature = 74°C. Moreover, the influence of RH content on the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and the residual ash content of RHPA parts was determined. When the ratio of RH powder on RHPA is 10 wt %, the bending strength of the sintered parts will reach 2 MPa. Besides, the residual ash content of RHPA parts after heating step was lower (1.1881%) and the tolerance level is CT5. Thus, the dimensional accuracy in X, Y, and Z directions of 10 wt % RHPA SLS parts is 99.79%, 98.71%, and 97.9%, respectively; and the surface of casting was smooth and clear details.
Effect of Flax/PP pellets’ morphology on the mechanical properties of injection-molded parts
Authors: Alsinani Nawaf , Laberge Lebel Louis 
Published: April 2022

Flax and polypropylene (PP) pultrudates of 4.76 mm in diameter were produced using a multi-die pultrusion system. The flax content was 50 vol.%. Pultrusion conditions were varied to produce four porosity content between 4% and 22%. The pultrudates were pelletized into lengths of 6 and 15 mm, and injection-molded with pure PP to reduce the part flax content to 25 wt.%. Results showed that well consolidated pultrudates, having porosities up to 8%, were more resilient to the pelletizing process such that the pellets remained structurally intact after the process. These pellets went smoothly through the hopper into the injection molding machine screw. Pellets with void content higher than 8% lost integrity during pelletizing leading to uniform mixing. Exposed fibers segregated from the polymer in the hopper leading to ununiform mixing. The highest mechanical properties improvement compared to pure PP was using 15 mm pellets that had a prorosity of 8%. The tensile modulus doubled at 4652 ± 113 MPa. The impact strength increased by almost five times at 10.5 ± 0.7 [Formula: see text]. 15 mm pellets provided 1.7 times the impact strength of the 6 mm pellets. These improvement are attributed to low flax fiber thermal degradation and improved fiber dispersion.