bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimorphic life cycle through transverse division in burrowing hard corals
Authors: SENTOKU ASUKA , Shimizu Keisuke , Naka Tsubasa , Tokuda Yuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The azooxanthellate solitary scleractinian Deltocyathoides orientalis (Family Turbinoliidae), which has bowl-shaped costate corallites, exhibits burrowing behavior on soft substrates and adapts to an infaunal mode of life. Here, we describe the previously unknown aspects of their life history and asexual mode of reproduction based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The findings revealed that (1) D. orientalis exhibits asexual reproduction by transverse division; (2) smaller bowl-shaped costate anthocyathus derived from cylindrical to tympanoid anthocaulus attached to hard substrates, including shell fragments and gravels on soft substrates; (3) the anthocyathus only reproduces sexually after division and the anthocaulus regrew and repeatedly produces anthocyathi through transverse division. The bowl-shaped corallum morphology of the anthocyathus just after division might reduce and time of skeletal formation for infaunal adaptation after transverse division. Immediately after division, D. orientalis is able to smoothly shift to a burrowing lifestyle that efficiently utilizes soft-substrate environments, increasing its survival rate. Thus, morphological formation of prospective anthocyathus in the anthocaulus stage is thought to involve not only increasing clonal individuals but also adaptation to the necessarily burrowing free-living mode of life in the anthocyathus stage.
The value of percutaneous ultrasound-guided subacromial bursography in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears
Authors: Li Ruochen , Li Miao , Cui Yipeng , Yang Pei , Zhang Chen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeTo determine the feasibility and diagnostic value of percutaneous ultrasound-guided subacromial bursography (PUSB) in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears.MethodsBetween July 2019 to October 2021, 78 patients who had suspected rotator cuff injury and who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected, including 32 males and 46 females, aged 31–70 years (mean age 53.9 ± 9.1 years), with a course of 1D-2 years. The MRI, US and PUSB images of patients were retrospectively analyzed to obtain the diagnostic and predictive indexes (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy) of these three methods for different rotator cuff tears types (full-thickness tears, partial-thickness tears and no tears of rotator cuff ). With the results of shoulder arthroscopy serving as the standard, PUSB results were compared with MRI and US results using the X2 -test (α = 0.05, two-sided).ResultsIn all 78 patients, the overall accuracy of MRI, US, and PUSB in diagnosing rotator cuff tears was 82.1% (64/78), 75.6% (59/78) and 96.2% (75/78), respectively (P < 0.001). Among 21 patients with full-thickness tears, the numbers of cases correctly diagnosed by MRI, US and PUSB were 19, 19 and 21, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI, US and PUSB in diagnosing full-thickness tears were 90.5%, 90.5%, 100% and 98.2%, 93.0%, 100%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracies of full-thickness rotator cuff tears were 90.5%, 90.5% and 100%, respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.344). Among 42 patients with partial-thickness tears, the numbers of patients whose cases were correctly diagnosed on MRI, US and PUSB were 32, 27 and 40, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI, US and PUSB in diagnosing partial-thickness tears were 76.2%, 64.3%, and 95.2% and 88.9%, 88.9%, and 97.2%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracies of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears were 76.2% (32/42), 64.3% (27/42) and 95.2% (40/42), respectively (P<0.05). Among the 15 patients without tears, the numbers of misdiagnosed cases by MRI, US and PUSB were 2, 2, and 1, respectively, and they were all misdiagnosed as partial-thickness tears. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI, US and PUSB in the diagnosis of complete rotator cuff were 86.7%, 86.7%, and 93.3% and 85.7%, 82.5% and 96.8%, respectively, and the accuracies in diagnosing no tears were 86.7% (13/15), 86.7% (13/15) and 87.5% (14/15), respectively (P = 0.997).ConclusionsIt is feasible to diagnose rotator cuff tears by PUSB, and its overall effect is superior to MRI and US, especially for patients with partial-thickness tears, which can be used as an important imaging method to evaluate rotator cuff tears.
Burden of adult neurofibromatosis 1: Translation, cultural adaption, and psychometric properties of the Iranian version
Authors: Jahanshahi Reza , Yasaghi Zahra , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Ghasemi Shohreh , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila , Foji Samira 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The notion of "burden" has taken a key place in the evaluation of care, and particular in the case of rare diseases. The aim of study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the burden of neurofibromatosis 1 (BoN) questionnaire and the perceived disease burden.Results: BoN with 15 items was translated into Persian and no items were removed from it based on content validity. The adequacy of sample was acceptable (KMO = 0.902), and Bartlett's test of sphericity revealed statistically significant results (P<0.001). Three factors were explored for the questionnaire based on exploratory factor analysis. Reliability of the scale was good (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.90) and Intra-class reliability was 0.85. The severity of burden of neurofibromatosis was moderate and the total mean score of burden was 33.12 ±16.12.Conclusions: The Persian version of BoN is an acceptable tool in terms of structure and content that specifically addresses the practical aspects of daily activities for patients with neurofibromatosis.
Patterns of the physical, cognitive, and mental health status of older individuals in a real-life primary care setting and differences in coping styles
Authors: Wittlinger Thomas , Bekić Sanja , Guljaš Silva , Periša Vlatka , Volarić Mile , Majnarić Ljiljana Trtica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe types of older patients with multimorbidity (coexisting diseases) are highly heterogeneous and complex, which hampers delivering of individualized and patient-centered care to these patients.PurposeThe aim of this study was to show how physical frailty, mental disorders, and cognitive impairment cluster together and how these clusters are associated with comorbidities, stressful events, and coping styles.MethodsParticipants were older individuals (≥60), attenders of PC, who were mobile and not suffering from dementia. For screening participants on physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and mental disorders, we used Fried`s phenotype model, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). For testing participants on coping styles, we used the 14-scale questionnaire Brief COPE. To identify clusters, we used the algorithm fuzzy k-means. To further describe the clusters, we examined differences in age, gender, number of chronic diseases and medications prescribed, some diagnoses of chronic diseases, life events, body mass index, renal function, expressed as the glomerular filtration rate, and coping styles.ResultsThe most appropriate cluster solution was the one with three clusters, that were termed as: functional (FUN) (N=139), dysfunctional (DFUN) (N=81), and cognitively impaired (COG-IMP) (N=43). The cluster FUN was associated with positive reframing coping style. Religion and self-blame were coping mechanisms specifically associated only with cluster DFUN; self-distraction only with cluster COG-IMP; and these two latter clusters shared the mechanisms of behavioral disengagement and denial.ConclusionsThe research approach presented in this study could provide a new framework for decoding patient complexity. Gaining insights into this complexity is expected to improve personalized prevention and treatment strategies for older individuals with multimorbidity.
Ultrashort time-to-echo T2* and R2* relaxometry for evaluation of lumbar disk degeneration: A comparative study
Authors: Wu Li-Lan , Liu Li-Heng , Rao Sheng-Xiang , Wu Pu-Yeh , Zhou Jian-Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To compare potential of ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) T2* mapping and R2* values from T2*-weighted imaging for assessing lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) ,with Pfirrmann grading as a reference standard.Methods: UTE-T2* and R2* values of 366 lumbar disks (L1/2-L5/S1) in 76 subjects were measured in 3 segmented regions: anterior annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus (NP), and posterior annulus fibrosus. Lumbar intervertebral discs were divided into 3 categories based on 5-level Pfirrmann grading: normal (Pfirrmann grade I),early disk degeneration (Pfirrmann grades II-III), and advanced disk degeneration (Pfirrmann grades IV-V). Regional differences between UTE-T2* and R2* relaxometry and correlation with degeneration were statistically analyzed.Results: UTE-T2* value correlated negatively with Pfirrmann grades; R2* value correlated positively (all P < 0.001). In NP, correlations with Pfirrmann grade were high with UTE-T2* values (r = −0.733; P < 0.001) and moderate with R2* values (r = 0.654; P < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy of detecting early IVDD was better with UTE-T2* mapping than R2* mapping (P < 0.05),with receiver operating characteristic analysis area under the curve of 0.715–0.876.Conclusions: UTE-T2* relaxometry provides another promising magnetic resonance imaging sequence for quantitatively evaluate lumbar IVDD and was more accurate than R2* in the earlier stage degenerative process.
Seasonal bacterial niche structures and chemolithoautotrophic ecotypes in a North Atlantic fjord
Authors: Raes Eric , Tolman Jennifer , Desai Dhwani , Ratten Jenni-Marie , Zorz Jackie , Robicheau Brent M. , Haider Diana , LaRoche Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantifying the temporal change of bacterial communities is essential to understanding how both natural and anthropogenic pressures impact the functions of coastal ecosystems. Here we use weekly microbial DNA sampling across four years, to show that bacterial phyla have distinct seasonal niches, with a richness peak in winter (i.e., an inverse relationship with daylength). Our results suggest that seasonal fluctuations rather than the kinetic energy or resource hypotheses, dominate the pattern of bacterial diversity. These findings supplement those from global analyses which lack temporal replication and present few data from winter months in polar and temperate regions. Centered log ratio transformed data provided new insights into the seasonal niche partitioning of conditionally rare phyla, such as Modulibacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Synergistota, Deinococcota, and Fermentibacterota. These patterns could not be identified using the standard practice of generation of ASVs followed by rarefaction. Our study provided evidence that five globally-relevant ecotypes of the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria from the SUP05 lineage comprise a significant functional group with varying seasonal dominance patterns in the Bedford Basin.
Association between outpatient examinations and upgrading treatments for pediatric constipation
Authors: Yang Jixin , Zhao Xiaoli , Zhu Tianqi , Zhang Hongyi , Wu Xiaojuan , Xiang Lei , Sun Xiaoyi , Wei Mingfa , Yi Bin , Wang Guo , Feng Jiexiong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate risk factors of BE, ARM and acetylcholinesterase staining related to failure of treatments and diagnostic value of Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) or intractable constipation (IC). Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study of children with constipation was conducted. All patients were followed up until significant improvement of defecation. Patients initially received general/conservative treatment or surgery. Upgraded treatments were adopted if the initial treatment failed. The risk factors including transitional zone, barium residue, absence of recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) and acetylcholinesterase staining. A p value <0.1 or <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in Logistic regression. Chi-square test was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity when analyzing the diagnostic value.Results: This study enrolled 4869 cases. Acetylcholinesterase staining +++ had the highest risk (OR, 177.613[95%CI 92.178~273.526]) leading to failure of general treatment, followed by absence of RAIR ((OR, 158.786[95%CI 92.178~273.526]) and severe barium residue (OR, 153.829[70.004~338.028]). The leading risk factors causing failure of conservative therapy were severe barium residue (OR, 15.530[95%CI 5.337~45.191]) and acetylcholinesterase staining +++ (OR, 13.242[6.657~26.337]). In children ≤3 years, the transitional zone, absence of RAIR and acetylcholinesterase staining ++/+++ had similar specificity (80.0%, 75.6% and 73.3%), whereas the acetylcholinesterase staining ++/+++ had the highest sensitivity (95.5%). The sensitivity was generally lower in children ＞ 3 years, however the specificity was similar between each age group.Conclusion: This real-world study validates that the performance of 3 examinations is of great significance in guiding upgrading treatments, predicting clinical outcomes and identifying HSCR and IC.Trial Number: NCT02216994 (registered on October 27, 2014)
CD58 as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cai Mengjiao , Chen Jie , Wang Jin , Ji Chao , Zhang Xinyue , Pan Jue , Ma Jinlu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
The glycoprotein CD58, is a co-stimulatory receptor distributed on a wide range of human tissue cells. CD2 interacts with CD58 to promote important adhesion between T cells and target cells and to induce signaling events involved in the regulation of T cell responses. However, the relevance of CD58 to the prognosis of different tumors and to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is unclear.
RESULTS
Analysis of CD58 expression through the Tumor Immune Evaluation Resource (TIMER) website and UALCAN, revealed meaningful differential expression of CD58 between hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) tumor tissue and normal tissue, with higher levels of CD58 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal tissue. We used Kaplan-Meier plotter and gene expression profiling interaction analysis (GEPIA) to assess the impact of CD58 on clinical prognosis and found that high CD58 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. The correlation between CD58 and tumor immune infiltration by TIMER revealed that CD58 expression was negatively correlated with tumor purity and positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration of B cell, Neutrophil, Macrophage, Myeloid dendritic cell and T cell CD4+. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between CD58 expression and the gene marker sets for immune infiltration using TIMER and GEPIA and found that in hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression levels of most monocytes, TAM, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1, Th2 and Treg marker sets correlated strongly with CD58 expression in LIHC.
CONCLUSION
CD58 is associated with the level of immune infiltration and prognosis of B cell, Neutrophil, Macrophage, Myeloid dendritic cell, T cell CD4 + in a variety of tumors, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, CD58 expression may help regulate the expression levels of most monocytes, TAM, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1, Th2, and Treg marker groups in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that CD58 may be used as a biomarker to determine the prognosis and immune infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Tissue-specific Immune Signatures of Lung Cancer with COPD Overlapped
Authors: Meng Heng , Chang# Jiwei , Wang# Bo , Geng Boxin , He Ruyuan , Hao Bo , Lin Weichen , Song Congkuan , Li Ning , Geng Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COPD is one of the high-risk factors for lung cancer, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on three COPD tissues, and three COPD-based lung cancer tissue (LCCOPD), and enrolled the scRNA-seq data of normal lung tissues, COPD tissues, lung cancer tissues, and LCCOPD tissues from the public database. We found that most immune cell types were significantly enriched in COPD groups, and the LCCOPD showed a differential enrichment of T-regs and macrophage subtypes in comparison with COPD. FOXP3 mRNA expression was significantly increased in LCOPD-related T-regs and positively associated with CTLA-4 and PD-1 to form an immunosuppressive environment. Macrophages from different pathological environments show significant differences in cell composition, pseudo-time trajectories, and phenotypic dominance. COPD-related macrophages were dominated by M1-type with increased cell proliferation. LCCOPD-related macrophages, dominated by M2-type and tumor-associated macrophages, had progressively enhanced immune population chemotaxis along the trajectory. Based on the public data, we found the overlap of COPD accelerated infiltration of T-regs and M2 macrophages. Several metabolic and cytokine pathways were down-regulated in COPD tissues and up-regulated in LCCOPD groups, such as the SREBP pathway, IL2, IFN-γ, glycolysis, and glutamine metabolism. Our study provided an extensive description of lung cancer overlapping COPD and revealed the association between COPD status and the formation of an immunosuppressive environment, which elucidates the role of COPD, as a high-risk factor, in the development of lung cancer.
Impact of Managed Entry Agreements on availability of and timely access to medicines: an ex-post evaluation of agreements implemented for oncology therapies in four countries
Authors: Efthymiadou Olina , Kanavos Panos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the increased utilisation of Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs), empirical studies assessing their impact on achieving better access to medicines remains scarce. In this study we evaluated the role of MEAs on enhancing availability of and timely access to a sample of oncology medicines that had received at least one prior rejection from reimbursement. Methods: Funding decisions and their respective timelines for all oncology medicines approved between 2009 and 2018 in Australia, England, Scotland and Sweden were studied. A number of binary logit models captured the probability (Odds ratio (OR)) of a previous coverage rejection being reversed to positive after resubmission with vs. without a MEA. Gamma generalised linear models were used to understand if there is any association between time to final funding decision and the presence of MEA, among other decision-making variables, and if so, the strength and direction of this association (Beta coefficient (B)). Results: Of the 59 previously rejected medicine-indication pairs studied, 88.2% (n=45) received a favourable decision after resubmission with MEA vs. 11.8% (n=6) without. Average time from original submission to final funding decision was 404 (±254) and 452 (±364) days for submissions without vs. with MEA respectively. Resubmissions with a MEA had a higher likelihood of receiving a favourable funding decision compared to those without MEA (43.36<OR<202, p<0.05), although approval specifically with an outcomes-based agreement was associated with an increase in the time to final funding decision (B=0.89, p<0.01). A statistically significant decrease in time to final funding decision was observed for resubmissions in Australia and Scotland compared to England and Sweden, and for resubmissions with a clinically relevant instead of a surrogate endpoint.Conclusions: MEAs can improve availability of medicines by increasing the likelihood of reimbursement for medicines that would have otherwise remained rejected from reimbursement due to their evidentiary uncertainties. Nevertheless, approval with a MEA can increase the time to final funding decision, while the true, added value for patients and healthcare systems of the interventions approved with MEAs in comparison to other available interventions remains unknown.
Impact of blood factors on endothelial cell metabolism and function in two diverse heart failure models
Authors: Song Young , Leem Joseph , Dhanani Mehul , McKirnan M. Dan , Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Braza Julie , Harrington Elizabeth O. , Hammond H. Kirk , Roth David M. , Patel Hemal H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Role of blood-based factors in development and progression of heart failure (HF) is poorly characterized. Blood contains myriads of factors released during pathophysiological states that may impact cellular function and provide mechanistic insights to HF management. In this study, we tested effects of blood from two distinct HF models on cardiac metabolism and identified possible cellular targets of the effects. Methods: Blood plasma was obtained from daunorubicin- and myocardial infarction-induced HF rabbits (Dauno-HF and MI-HF) and their controls (Dauno-Control and MI-Control). Effects of plasma on bioenergetics of myocardial tissue from healthy mice and cellular cardiac components; myoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells were assessed using high-resolution respirometry and Seahorse flux analyzer. Since endothelial cell respiration was profoundly affected by HF plasma, effects of plasma on endothelial cell barrier function and death were further evaluated. Western-blot analysis and electron microscopic assessment were performed to detect alterations in mitochondrial proteins and morphology. Results: Brief exposure to HF plasma significantly decreased cardiac tissue respiration. Endothelial cell respiration was most impacted by exposure to HF plasma. Endothelial cell monolayer integrity was significantly decreased by incubation with Dauno-HF plasma. Apoptosis and necrosis were significantly increased in cells incubated with Dauno-HF plasma for 24 h. Significant down-regulation of VDAC-1, Tom20, and MFF in cells exposed to Dauno-HF plasma and mitochondrial Stat3 and MFF in cells exposed to MI-HF plasma were observed. Mitochondrial structure was disrupted in cells exposed to HF plasma.Conclusions: These findings indicate that endothelial cells and mitochondrial structure and function may be a primary target where HF pathology manifests and accelerates. High-throughput blood-based screening of HF may provide innovative ways to advance disease diagnosis and management.
Experimental Evidence for E = n 1 2 hν Energy Transfer
Authors: P. Bhanumoorthy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Abstract.
Crystal diffraction involves energy transfer into and from the crystal.
Bragg's law defines an inter-planar spacing as $2\pi$ radians and corresponds to $E=12.4/\lambda$ which is $E=nh\nu$ energy transfer.
Energy difference between adjacent Davisson-Germer peaks observed in the historic experiment follows $E=6.2/\lambda$ which is $E=n\fr12h\nu$ energy transfer.
One-full oscillation in $2\pi$ radians is one-full quantum of energy transfer and one-half oscillation in $\pi$ radians is one-half quantum of energy transfer.
The phenomenon of $E=n\fr12h\nu$ energy transfer defines the Maxwell diffraction law $2d_{\ve k}\sin\theta_{\ve k}=\lambda$ in terms of diffraction angle $\theta_{\ve k}$ where inter-planar spacing $d_{\ve k}$ becomes $\pi$ radians characteristic of an anti-node of a standing wave.
Cartesian description cannot accommodate $\pi$ in place of $2\pi$.
Hence, the Maxwell diffraction law in place of Bragg's law becomes the starting point for the new field of partial wave quantum crystallography to use precision angles measurable in the experiment for direct method solution to phase problem for macromolecular crystallography.