bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Road profile generation based on real road profile for the Whole life pavement performance input data
Authors: Buhari R , Seblan A A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Road profile is one of the inputs for the whole life pavement performance (WLPP) model. It used to predict vehicle loading. In this study, few road profiles were generated based on sparse road roughness measurements by road scanner. The Profile Viewing, ProVAL Analysis software and Matlab were used to filter unwanted wavelength, visualize the measured road profile data, and obtain profile International Roughness Index (IRI) and generate road profile base on Power Spectral Density (PSD) approximation equation. Calibrations between generated and measured road profiles were done by computing the correlation coefficient values. As a result, few road profiles of 100 m length have been generated based on the federal and state road profiles. The generated road profiles and measured road profiles are closely in shape.
Drying Shrinkage Properties and Initial Bonding Strength of 3D Printing Mortar
Authors: Heng Boon Koh , Teck Jung Chai , Yi Wei Song 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
3D printing has emerged in the construction industry provide an effective and productive alternative construction methods. Cement-based material is the main choice in 3D printing construction due to its low cost and easy availability. This paper presents the drying shrinkage properties of hardened 3D printing mortar and the bonding strength of fresh mortar under the delayed phenomenon. Eight types of mortar mixtures in two series with varying percentages of sandy clay replacement ranging from 0% to 75% for both 1:1 and 1:2 cement sand ratios were used in the trial mix. Basic physical properties of 3D printing mortar such as workability, extrudability and buildability were conducted on the trial mix. Four mortar mixtures that complies with the basic 3D printing properties were used to conduct the drying shrinkage properties and the initial bonding strength test. The initial bonding strength test was conducted under delayed phenomenon for 0 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes. The experimental results showed a significant increase in drying shrinkage for mortars containing 75% sandy clay. However, the highest initial bonding strength is also achieved by mortars containing 75% sandy clay. The initial bonding strength of 3D printing mortar was decreased over the delaying time.
Concentrations of Zn, Mn and Al in wood chips from wood-based manufacturing industries
Authors: Ayob S , Othman N , Altowayti W A H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The elemental composition of wood chip samples manufactured in the wood industries at Batu Pahat were analyzed for their heavy metals composition. This study was aimed to prove that heavy metals can accumulate in wood and trees themselves without adding any wood treatment additives. ICP-MS analysis was conducted on the wastewater at the same manufacturing industry to evince the occurrence of the leaching process that causes the presence of heavy metals in the wastewater. The results of the experiments showed that Mn, Zn and Al were among the highest metal traces found in the wood chips. As a result, Mn concentrations in three different samples of wood chips were 83.6 mg/L, 88.1 mg/L, and 80.9 mg/L, whereas Zn amounts were 38.8 mg/L, 40.2 mg/L, and 37.7 mg/L. Furthermore, the amounts of Al traces in the three samples were 28.2 mg/L, 29.6 mg/L, and 30.7 mg/L, respectively. The study also found that the highest metal trace in wastewater shows a proportional value to the highest concentration of heavy metals in wood chips. Therefore, it can be concluded that, even though the whole chipping production process is considered to be a dry process, the wastewater generated after cleaning surfaces, storage tanks and machinery, causes heavy metal leaching and contributes to the presence of heavy metals in wastewater.
Preliminary Assessment on Water Quality of Different Wastewater Using Solar Water Distillation Technique
Authors: Adlena Eliya Mazli Nur , Zafflina Mohd Zaki Zaizatul , Baharudin Fauzi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn rural and isolated areas, there are limited clean and fresh water sources, which could be an issue for the people living in those areas. The use of solar distillation is used to treat the wastewater as an alternative to the fresh water sources. Thus, this study will determine the water quality of two different wastewater using solar water distiller and evaluates whether the treated water comply to the standard limit of drinking water from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH). The stormwater and greywater were used as water samples for the study. The physical properties investigated were temperature, colour, and odour while the chemical properties were total dissolved solids (TDS), ammonia, chlorine, hardness and pH value. The performance of solar water distiller was examined by considering the quality as well as the quantity of treated water. The relationship between the surrounding temperature, humidity and the volume of water collected was observed and recorded. The physicochemical parameters of the water after the treatment lies within the standard of MOH. Thus, the results demonstrated that the solar water distiller has potential as an alternative sustainable water treatment method.
A study of processing and parametric optimization of wear-resistant AZ91-TiB2 composite fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted stir casting process
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Thakur Lalit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present research, a lightweight and wear-resistant TiB2 reinforced AZ91D Mg metal matrix composite was developed using an ultrasonic-assisted stir casting process for aerospace and automobile applications. Stirrer speed, ultrasonic power, and TiB2 reinforcement concentration were considered the input process parameters, which were optimized with the help of Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, followed by grey relational analysis to develop the composite with high hardness and wear resistance. Pin-on-disc sliding wear testing was conducted to evaluate the wear resistance of the composites fabricated at different process parameter settings. SEM, EDS, and XRD examined the microstructure, wear mechanisms, elemental composition, and different phases in the developed composites. The microhardness of the specimens was determined using a Vickers microhardness tester. The results revealed that the process parameter setting with a stirrer speed of 400 rpm, 1500 W of ultrasonic power, and 3 wt% of TiB2 reinforcement concentration had the highest grey relational grade, which resulted in the development of a composite material exhibiting the high microhardness and minimum wear. The microstructural investigation revealed that the ultrasonic agitation of the liquid melt resulted in nearly uniform dispersion of the TiB2 reinforcement particulates in the composite. During the sliding wear test, the material removal in the composite specimens occurred due to the adhesion, oxidation, delamination, pull-out of reinforcement particles, and eruption of the Mg alloy matrix.
Investigation and finite element simulation on the MRR and tool wear of aluminium silicon alloy during turning process
Authors: Pritima D , Veerappan G , Azaath L Mamundi , Ravichandran M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study tool wear, cutting zone temperature, cutting forces, and material removal rate (MRR) were analysed using three different coating materials during the turning of high silicon aluminium alloy. The results that are derived on coating thickness were analysed in terms of specific coating materials from the proposed numerical investigation. Feed rate was also analysed with respect to output performance on tool wear, cutting temperature, MRR, and cutting forces. Decrease of 90% wear depth on the work piece was confirmed from titanium carbide coated with 3 microns (μm) coated tool and compared with Al2O3coated tool during the comparison study between coated tools. Cutting forces were determined with proper care and close observation. The highest tool wear of 0.00461 mm was observed using Al2O3coated tool thickness of 5 microns (μm). The lowest tool wear of 0.00043 mm was observed using TiC coated tool thickness of 3 microns (μm) with minimum cutting force of 74.31 N and also the highest MRR was obtained in the same. It was evident from the observation that the reduction of forces occurred using 2 microns (μm) coated tool on Al2O3leading to the drastic reduction in the thickness up to 67%. The value again reduced when compared with titanium carbide tool on the work piece metal. The analysis established the minimization of tool wear, cutting force, cutting temperature due to lower feed rates. But there was an increase in case of MRR due to lower feed rates. Al2O3coated cutting tool insert which has maximum tool wear was chosen for the experiment work and the simulations were carried out using Deform2D software. Tool wear length was compared by using SEM images and tool wear was discussed.
Facilitation of auxin biosynthesis and metabolism by salt stress in rice plants
Authors: Isobe Takuya , Miyagawa Hisashi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To investigate the effects of salt stress on the auxin in rice plants, we analyzed indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and its metabolites in hydroponically grown rice plant seedlings (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) and in the culture medium using LC-ESI/MS/MS. We found that the IAA level in the culture medium was increased about 20-fold due to salt stress treatment, while those in the shoots and roots were increased by less than twofold. The culture medium also contained high amounts of oxidized metabolites such as OxIAA, DiOxIAA, DiOxIAA-Glu, and DiOxIAA-Asp. The total amount of IAA and its metabolites in the shoots, roots, and culture medium was significantly increased with salt treatment. A salt stress-responsive increase in the IAA metabolites was observed in nine tested cultivars of rice. The results indicate that salt stress facilitates the metabolic turnover of IAA in rice plants and may open new insight into the role of auxin.
Kinetochore tracking in 3D from lattice light-sheet imaging data with KiT
Authors: Harrison Jonathan U , Sen Onur , McAinsh Andrew D , Burroughs Nigel J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationLattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) is revolutionizing cell biology since it enables fast, high-resolution extended imaging in three dimensions combined with a drastic reduction in photo-toxicity and bleaching. However, analysis of such datasets still remains a major challenge.ResultsAutomated tracking of kinetochores, the protein complex facilitating and controlling microtubule attachment of the chromosomes within the mitotic spindle, provides quantitative assessment of chromosome dynamics in mitosis. Here, we extend existing open-source kinetochore tracking software (KiT) to track (and pair) kinetochores throughout prometaphase to anaphase in LLSM data. One of the key improvements is a regularization term in the objective function to enforce biological information about the number of kinetochores in a human mitotic cell, as well as improved diagnostic tools. This software provides quantitative insights into how kinetochores robustly ensure congression and segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.Availability and implementationKiT is free, open-source software implemented in MATLAB and can be downloaded as a package from https://github.com/cmcb-warwick/KiT. The source repository is available at https://bitbucket.org/jarmond/kit (tag v2.4.0) and under continuing development.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Autosomal dominant and sporadic late onset Alzheimer's disease share a commonin vivopathophysiology
Authors: Morris John C , Weiner Michael , Xiong Chengjie , Beckett Laurel , Coble Dean , Saito Naomi , Aisen Paul S , Allegri Ricardo , Benzinger Tammie L S , Berman Sarah B , Cairns Nigel J , Carrillo Maria C , Chui Helena C , Chhatwal Jasmeer P , Cruchaga Carlos , Fagan Anne M , Farlow Martin , Fox Nick C , Ghetti Bernardino , Goate Alison M , Gordon Brian A , Graff-Radford Neill , Day Gregory S , Hassenstab Jason , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Jack Clifford R , Jagust William J , Jucker Mathias , Levin Johannes , Massoumzadeh Parinaz , Masters Colin L , Martins Ralph , McDade Eric , Mori Hiroshi , Noble James M , Petersen Ronald C , Ringman John M , Salloway Stephen , Saykin Andrew J , Schofield Peter R , Shaw Leslie M , Toga Arthur W , Trojanowski John Q , Vöglein Jonathan , Weninger Stacie , Bateman Randall J , Buckles Virginia D 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe extent to which the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease corresponds to the pathophysiology of ‘sporadic’ late onset Alzheimer's disease is unknown, thus limiting the extrapolation of study findings and clinical trial results in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease to late onset Alzheimer's disease.We compared brain MRI and amyloid PET data, as well as CSF concentrations of amyloid-β42, amyloid-β40, tau and tau phosphorylated at position 181, in 292 carriers of pathogenic variants for Alzheimer's disease from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, with corresponding data from 559 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Imaging data and CSF samples were reprocessed as appropriate to guarantee uniform pipelines and assays. Data analyses yielded rates of change before and after symptomatic onset of Alzheimer's disease, allowing the alignment of the ∼30-year age difference between the cohorts on a clinically meaningful anchor point, namely the participant age at symptomatic onset.Biomarker profiles were similar for both autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Both groups demonstrated accelerated rates of decline in cognitive performance and in regional brain volume loss after symptomatic onset. Although amyloid burden accumulation as determined by PET was greater after symptomatic onset in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease than in late onset Alzheimer's disease participants, CSF assays of amyloid-β42, amyloid-β40, tau and p-tau181 were largely overlapping in both groups. Rates of change in cognitive performance and hippocampal volume loss after symptomatic onset were more aggressive for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease participants.These findings suggest a similar pathophysiology of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease and late onset Alzheimer's disease, supporting a shared pathobiological construct.
Genome-wide association studies for Alzheimer’s disease: bigger is not always better
Authors: Escott-Price Valentina , Hardy John 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As the size of genome-wide association studies increase, the number of associated trait loci identified inevitably increase. One welcomes this if it allows the better delineation of the pathways to disease and increases the accuracy of genetic prediction of disease risk through polygenic risk score analysis. However, there are several problems in the continuing increase in the genome-wide analysis of ‘Alzheimer’s disease’. In this review, we have systematically assessed the history of Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide association studies, including their sample sizes, age and selection/assessment criteria of cases and controls and heritability explained by these disease genome-wide association studies. We observe that nearly all earlier disease genome-wide association studies are now part of all current disease genome-wide association studies. In addition, the latest disease genome-wide association studies include (i) only a small fraction (∼10%) of clinically screened controls, substituting for them population-based samples which are systematically younger than cases, and (ii) around 50% of Alzheimer’s disease cases are in fact ‘proxy dementia cases’. As a consequence, the more genes the field finds, the less the heritability they explain. We highlight potential caveats this situation creates and discuss some of the consequences occurring when translating the newest Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide association study results into basic research and/or clinical practice.
Transfusing Convalescent Plasma as Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Double-Blinded, Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Shoham Shmuel , Bloch Evan M , Casadevall Arturo , Hanley Daniel , Lau Bryan , Gebo Kelly , Cachay Edward , Kassaye Seble G , Paxton James H , Gerber Jonathan , Levine Adam C , Naeim Arash , Currier Judith , Patel Bela , Allen Elizabeth S , Anjan Shweta , Appel Lawrence , Baksh Sheriza , Blair Paul W , Bowen Anthony , Broderick Patrick , Caputo Christopher A , Cluzet Valerie , Cordisco Marie Elena , Cruser Daniel , Ehrhardt Stephan , Forthal Donald , Fukuta Yuriko , Gawad Amy L , Gniadek Thomas , Hammel Jean , Huaman Moises A , Jabs Douglas A , Jedlicka Anne , Karlen Nicky , Klein Sabra , Laeyendecker Oliver , Lane Karen , McBee Nichol , Meisenberg Barry , Merlo Christian , Mosnaim Giselle , Park Han-Sol , Pekosz Andrew , Petrini Joann , Rausch William , Shade David M , Shapiro Janna R , Singleton J Robinson , Sutcliffe Catherine , Thomas David L , Yarava Anusha , Zand Martin , Zenilman Jonathan M , Tobian Aaron A R , Sullivan David J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma (CCP) for preventing infection in exposed, uninfected individuals is unknown. CCP might prevent infection when administered before symptoms or laboratory evidence of infection.

Methods
This double-blinded, phase 2 randomized, controlled trial (RCT) compared the efficacy and safety of prophylactic high titer (≥1:320 by Euroimmun ELISA) CCP with standard plasma. Asymptomatic participants aged ≥18 years with close contact exposure to a person with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the previous 120 hours and negative SARS-CoV-2 test within 24 hours before transfusion were eligible. The primary outcome was new SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
In total, 180 participants were enrolled; 87 were assigned to CCP and 93 to control plasma, and 170 transfused at 19 sites across the United States from June 2020 to March 2021. Two were excluded for screening SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity. Of the remaining 168 participants, 12/81 (14.8%) CCP and 13/87 (14.9%) control recipients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection; 6 (7.4%) CCP and 7 (8%) control recipients developed COVID-19 (infection with symptoms). There were no COVID-19-related hospitalizations in CCP and 2 in control recipients. Efficacy by restricted mean infection free time (RMIFT) by 28 days for all SARS-CoV-2 infections (25.3 vs 25.2 days; P = .49) and COVID-19 (26.3 vs 25.9 days; P = .35) was similar for both groups.

Conclusions
Administration of high-titer CCP as post-exposure prophylaxis, although appearing safe, did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04323800.
Pacing lead extraction in the management of tricuspid regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Khor Lynn , Madan Kedar , Lee Choon Huat , Ng Martin K C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-induced tricuspid regurgitation (TR) have an increased mortality and morbidity. However, the impact of CIED-lead extraction and its indications are not well-defined.

Case summary
A 69-year-old woman presented with recurrent hospital admissions for right heart failure refractory to medical therapy, on the background of a single-chamber permanent pacemaker (Biotronik) implanted 6 years ago for tachycardia–bradycardia syndrome. Transoesophageal echocardiography identified severe TR which was predominantly CIED-induced from a lead impingement of the posterior tricuspid valve (TV) leaflet preventing adequate leaflet coaptation. This had progressed to cause a degree of secondary functional TR. The patient underwent pacing lead extraction followed by epicardial lead placement via minithoracotomy, with significant symptomatic and echographic improvement of TR.

Discussion
CIED-induced TR from a lead impingement of TV leaflets carries the highest risk of TR and its consequences. This case illustrates the significance of the relationship between CIED-leads and the TV, which impacts management strategy. We recommend a mechanistic approach and incorporating CIED-lead interaction with the TV apparatus as the underlying principle in developing future management guidelines for CIED-induced TR.
Tyranny and Liberty, Resistance and Regicide: Political Assassination in John Galt’s The Spaewife
Authors: Garber Zachary 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Though its use declined after the Middle Ages, the chronicle long remained the genre of choice for those unsatisfied with conventional histories. John Galt, a Scottish Romantic author currently enjoying renewed critical interest, demonstrates the political applications of the chronicle, in both form and content, as a means of harnessing Britain’s distant past to come to terms with the material and philosophical developments of the long eighteenth century. In particular, Galt’s adaptation of the chronicle offers an alternate reading of the past in which history is not something from which society must escape, nor something uniformly primitive, but rather something to be harnessed in buttressing political systems, an expression of trust in social institutions typical of Burkean conservatism. This line of argument reveals a committed Tory who fears the potential for violence – particularly political assassination and regicide – in the post-Revolutionary era. The Spaewife (1823) depicts a historical moment drawn from Scotland’s chronicle tradition using language linking it to political circumstances of the 1820s. Just as Galt’s earlier works question the purpose and efficacy of early century social unrest, so too does The Spaewife undermine the argument for political assassination even as it leaves open an understanding of the circumstances that (mistakenly) led parties to commit such acts. Unlike the novel’s proximal source text, Galt’s narrative locates political justice on the side of the murdered King James I, and in so doing resuscitates Scotland’s oldest textual tradition in opposition to theories of resistance that had been used to justify contemporary cases of political assassination.