bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing of the Eriedescent Sterilizing Device
Authors: Sharifbaev A. , Mamidi R. , Gottimukkula M. R. , Gacura M. , Vanderlaan G. , Ji X. , Piovesan D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Beyond an exceptional human toll, one of the most evident impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is that of disrupted supply chain dynamics. Lessons learned here might help ameliorate the ability of frontline workers to secure personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) to prevent similar issues in future pandemics. A related concern is FFR waste streams, and the ability to recycle N95s using chemical or physical germicidal methods would greatly contribute to lessening PPE scarcity and providing relief to overall supply chains for all essential services. Early in 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued official guidance for sterilizers, disinfectant devices, and air purifiers with regards to the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health emergency bulletin. This guidance provided nonbinding recommendations for PPE and FFR decontamination processes, involving a wide spectrum of chemical and physical methods of sterilization. Many of the sterilization methods employ high heat or utilize polar chemical disinfectants that can compromise either the physical structure or the electrostatic properties of FFR fibers, thus attenuating the overall protection provided to the frontline worker.
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has been employed for nearly a century to sterilize instruments and whole environments. UVGI offers numerous advantages as it is transitory by nature, leaving no chemical residue on the treated artifact. UVGI is also rapid, and depending on illumination sources, UVGI can easily scale to provide coverage to large areas.
Here we provide an analysis of the regulatory aspect related to the use of UVC devices and describe our engineered design of a cost-efficient sterilization chamber that utilizes UVC for decontamination. Our design stresses a low-cost price point to facilitate easy manufacture for not only rapid deployment but also minimal impacts on supply chains. The device is intended to be easy to use, without any specialized training, and thus targets the general public for sanitizing non-washable materials, including PPE, FFR and other potential fomites, including electronic devices of daily use, that otherwise might harbor bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens.
Experimental Investigation of Nanosecond Laser Modification of Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Ma J. , Jahan M. P. , Lei Shuting , Gueli Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bulk metallic glass (BMG), a comparatively new engineering material, is gaining popularity for its amorphous structure, improved mechanical properties, (i.e., high elasticity, hardness, and fracture toughness), and corrosion resistance. Some of the recent and prospective areas of applications of BMGs include biomedical implants, nuclear reactor, and space and electronic applications. As a result, machinability and surface treatment of BMGs have become an important area of research. In this study, a nanosecond laser with 1064 nm wavelength is used to modify the surface of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass Vitreloy 1b. (Zr67Cul0.6Ni9.8Ti8.8Be3.8). The effects of laser pulse energy level and the lens-to-sample distance on the crater and slot forming are assessed. Single shot mode of the laser system is used to generate craters, and totally six laser pulse energy levels are used. In addition, three lens-to-sample distance values are selected. These six energy levels are 0.053 J, 0.122 J, 0.296 J, 0.415 J, 0.526 J, and 0.662 J. The three different lens-to-sample distance values are 150 mm, 170 mm, and 190 mm. The focal length of the lens is 150 mm. Continuous shot mode of the laser system is used to machine slots on the BMG. For slot forming, two energy levels (0.296 J and 0.662 J) and two distance values between the lens and the workpiece (150 mm and 190 mm) along with two different overlapping ratios (0.75 and 0.95) are used. An interesting observation on the modified surface of BMG is the ripple formation at the edge of the craters, while the center of the crater has comparatively a smoother surface. The modified surface using focal length (150 mm) generated craters with higher number of wrinkles or ripples at the edge compared to the other distances between the lens and the workpiece. The characteristic of formation of ripples remains the same for slot forming also, although the intensity of ripple formation or number of ripples is decreased. Finally, a 3D surface profilometer is used to study the variation of crater depth with laser parameters. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses are used to investigate surface topography, ripple formation, surface modification, and laser-induced elemental composition on the BMG surfaces.
Minimizing Shrinkage in Microstructures Printed With Projection Two-Photon Lithography
Authors: Kim Harnjoo , Saha Sourabh K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing technique capable of fabricating complex 3D structures with submicron features. Projection TPL (P-TPL) is a specific implementation that leverages projection-based parallelization to increase the rate of printing by three orders of magnitude. However, a practical limitation of P-TPL is the high shrinkage of the printed microstructures that is caused by the relatively low degree of polymerization in the as-printed parts. Unlike traditional stereolithography (SLA) methods and conventional TPL, most of the polymerization in P-TPL occurs through dark reactions while the light source is off, thereby resulting in a lower degree of polymerization. In this study, we empirically investigated the parameters of the P-TPL process that affect shrinkage. We observed that the shrinkage reduces with an increase in the duration of laser exposure and with a reduction of layer spacing. To broaden the design space, we explored a photochemical post-processing technique that involves further curing the printed structures using UV light while submerging them in a solution of a photoinitiator. With this post-processing, we were able to reduce the areal shrinkage from more than 45% to 1% without limiting the geometric design space. This shows that P-TPL can achieve high dimensional accuracy while taking advantage of the high throughput when compared to conventional serial TPL. Furthermore, P-TPL has a higher resolution when compared to the conventional SLA prints at a similar shrinkage rate.
Assessment of Shape Descriptors for Distortion Prediction in Powder Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Anandan Kumar Hemnath , Kumaraguru Senthilkumaran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal additive manufacturing paves the way for industries to create new applications through unique design capabilities. The powder bed fusion process is one among many metal additive manufacturing technologies that are commercially successful. Despite its numerous advantages and application in various fields, defects may occur during processing, which causes premature failure of components. Distortion is one of the major defects, and it depends on process settings, geometry, and orientation related. These distortions and dimensional deviations should be predicted faster for part qualification for many industrial applications. This work attempts to predict distortions based on shape descriptors to address this issue. Shape descriptors are definitions used to identify the details of the shape of a model to be printed. It can be either two dimensional or three dimensional. In this work, 2D shape descriptors are selected for analysis. These 2D shape descriptors can help identify how the design features significantly affect the part distortion in the PBF process. In this work, a few 2D shape descriptors are defined and modelled as a design feature to achieve the objective. Then the respective models are subjected to distortion analysis. The relationship between shape descriptors and distortion are studied through inherent strain method based simulation of distortion. It is observed from the results that most shape descriptors defined in this work can be used to predict the distortion. This work serves as a base and can help create knowledge for proposing design guidelines for the metal powder bed fusion process and helps in redesigning to prevent distortions.
Hybrid Modeling the Influence of Post Processing Heat Treatments on the Strengthening Mechanisms of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718
Authors: Alafaghani Ala’aldin , Ali Majed , Almotari Abdalmageed , Sun Jian-Qiao , Qattawi Ala 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the layering nature of additive manufacturing, additively manufactured parts exhibit a unique microstructure and are more susceptible to defects. Post-processing heat treatments of additively manufactured parts have shown great promise in improving their quality and reliability. However, the previous studies presented here demonstrated that additively manufactured parts respond to heat treatments differently compared to their traditional counterparts. This demonstrates a need for models that can predict the influence of different heat treatments on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured parts. A hybrid approach between data-driven and physically informed models was adopted to model the influence of post-processing heat treatments on the strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured Inconel 718. This work focuses on Inconel 718 for its common use in additive manufacturing and because it is one of the most studied additively manufactured alloys which resulted in producing more data that can be used to model its behavior.
Cyberinfrastructure for collecting and integrating geology field data: Community priorities and research agenda
Authors: Mookerjee* Matty , Chan Marjorie A. , Gil Yolanda , Gill Gurman , Goodwin Charles , Pavlis Terry L. , Shipley Thomas F. , Swain Taylor , Tikoff Basil , Vieira Daniel 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In order to address the most important Earth science questions, field scientists must incorporate new cyberinfrastructure (CI) technologies into their workflow and replace some of the traditional, analog methodologies that still prevail today (e.g., notebook, pen, and transit compass). Geologic field data collected via analog methods are far less likely to be fully digitized and integrated with other datasets. Cyberinfrastructure allows data longevity beyond the original investigator. Digital platforms that facilitate data sharing will help break down the artificial barriers between subfields within the Earth sciences and allow researchers to ask new types of questions and provide the means to contend with those that were previously unanswerable.
Close communication and coordination between field-based geologists and computer scientists will facilitate the best cyberinfrastructure and data management for the future. Through a National Science Foundation (NSF)/EarthCube–funded project, discussions between these two groups of scientists were undertaken in a field setting so that computer scientists could better understand the type of data geologists collect and how those geoscientists desire to integrate various types of data into their workflow. Similarly, geologists gained a better understanding of how computer scientists can represent, manipulate, and archive complex data in data management systems, with potential solutions to field data challenges. These discussions centered on the unique issues faced by the geological community regarding the collection, storage, manipulation, representation, and integration of field-based data.
Impact of meibomian gland dysfunction on quality of life and mental health in a clinical sample in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Asiedu Kofi , Dzasimatu Selassie , Kyei Samuel 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the impact of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on quality of life and psychosomatic conditions.DesignThis was a clinic-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted at the eye clinic of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana.Participants215 clinical subjects visiting the clinic for a comprehensive eye examination.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSymptomatic MGD, asymptomatic MGD, quality of life scores, depression, anxiety and stress.Results215 clinical subjects consented to participate in the study, but 212 were included in the analysis. The mean age was 21.9 (± 3.8) years, 54 had MGD and 158 did not have MGD served as controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean quality of life scores between subjects with MGD and subjects without MGD (t=1.57, p=0.12). The quality of life scores (DEQS) (p=0.022) were significantly higher in the symptomatic MGD group compared with the asymptomatic MGD group. There was no significant difference in quality of life scores (DEQS) (p=0.251) in the asymptomatic MGD group compared with healthy controls. Using Pillai’s trace in the MANOVA, there was a significant effect of MGD on depression, anxiety and stress (V=0.05, F(3,208)=3.76, p=0.012). Furthermore, Pillai’s trace in the MANOVA showed a significant difference between asymptomatic and symptomatic MGDs for depression, anxiety and stress scores stress (V=0.24, F(3, 51)=5.24, p=0.003).ConclusionThe study revealed no difference in the quality of life scores between MGD and non-MGD groups. However, the symptomatic MGD group had worse quality of life and psychosomatic symptoms than the asymptomatic MGD group and non-MGD group.
Role of External Rotation Osteotomy of the Humerus in Patients with Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: MADHUSUDHAN Nallatparambil Chandra , BHARDWAJ Praveen , VARADHARAJAN Vigneswaran , VENKATRAMANI Hari , SABAPATHY S. Raja 
Published: September 2022

Background: A deficit of external rotation of the shoulder is a common sequelae of brachial plexus injury (BPI). This internally rotated posture of the limb becomes more apparent and functionally limiting once the patient recovers elbow flexion resulting in the hand striking the abdomen on attempted flexion (‘tummy flexion’). This precludes hand-to-mouth reach, resulting in an inability to eat with the involved hand. The aim of this study is to present the outcomes of an external rotation osteotomy of the humerus in adult BPI. Methods: All BPI patients who underwent an external rotation osteotomy of the humerus at our institution over a 5-year period from January 2015 to December 2020 were included in this study. Data with regard to the age, gender, type of BPI, time from injury to nerve surgery and from nerve surgery till external rotation osteotomy, degree of pre- and postoperative external rotation, time to union, patient satisfaction and complications were recorded. Results: The study included 19 patients (18 men and one woman) with an average age of 30 years (range 20–58). The average time interval from the injury to the nerve surgery was 3.8 months, and between the nerve surgery and the external rotation osteotomy was 29.5 months. No patient had any preoperative external rotation and all attained a resting posture of 15°–20° of external rotation, were able to reach the mid-line of the body, and none complained of loss of internal rotation. There was an implant failure in one patient that was managed with splinting till union and removal of implants later. Conclusions: External rotation osteotomy of the humerus is a simple and effective procedure to place the limb in a better aesthetic and functional position. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
‘Hook’ Shape Lister Tubercle Is Associated with a Greater Incidence of Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Rupture after Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: OGATA Yosuke , OGAWA Takeshi , HIRABAYASHI Takumi , IWABUCHI Sho , YOSHII Yuichi , YAMAZAKI Masashi 
Published: September 2022

Background: A rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon located close to the Lister tubercle is an uncommon complication of distal radius fractures. This study aimed to determine whether the size and shape of Lister tubercle in patients with EPL rupture differs from a matched group of patients with distal radius fractures without EPL rupture. Methods: We identified 15 patients with EPL rupture (3.5%) out of 426 with distal radius fractures treated conservatively at our hospital over 4 years. Out of the remaining 411 patients with distal radius fractures without EPL rupture, we selected patients using simple random sampling and pseudo-randomised them such that their age, sex and fracture type were matched with patients exhibiting EPL rupture. The size and shape of the Lister tubercle and the size of the EPL groove were measured in both groups using computed tomographic scans and compared. Results: There was no difference in the size of the Lister tubercle or the EPL groove between both groups. A ‘hook’-shaped Lister tubercle was noted in 8 out of 15 patients with EPL rupture but in only 1 out of 15 matched patients without EPL rupture. Conclusions: A ‘hook’-shaped Lister tubercle was seen more often in patients with EPL rupture following distal radius fracture. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Patient Characteristics Associated with Operative Treatment for Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries at Two Tertiary Referral Hospitals in a Single US Metropolitan Area
Authors: ZHANG Dafang , ELHASSAN Bassem , GARG Rohit 
Published: September 2022

Background: The primary objective of this study was to identify patient-related and socioeconomic factors associated with the operative treatment of adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries (BPI) at two tertiary referral centres in a single metropolitan area in the United States. The secondary objective was to assess surgeon variability in operative treatment. Methods: Adult patients with traumatic BPI at two tertiary referral centres in a single metropolitan area from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. After applying exclusion criteria, 84 adult patients with traumatic BPI treated by 22 surgeons were included. Our response variable was operative treatment of the traumatic BPI. Bi-variate screen was performed, and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with operative treatment. Surgeon variability was separately assessed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of the study cohort was 45 years, and 69% were male. The most common BPI pattern was a global injury (39%) followed by an upper trunk injury (23%). Thirty-eight patients (45%) underwent operative treatment for the traumatic BPI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that younger age and out-of-state referral were associated with operative treatment. There was significant surgeon variation in the utilisation of operative treatment. Conclusions: Out-of-state patients had more than four times higher odds of operative treatment, suggesting a regional practise pattern in which BPI requiring surgery are referred from surrounding states to our tertiary centres. Supra-regional BPI centres may facilitate timely referrals for specialty care. High-quality outcomes research in BPI is needed to mitigate surgeon treatment variation. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Renal histopathological lesions after liver transplantation: What can we find besides calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity?
Authors: Jin Haijiao , Wei Yuehan , Qian Yongbing , Zhang Jiang , Xu Yao , Zhou Hang , Zhang Minfang , Zhou Wenyan , Qi Chaojun , Jin Wei , Mou Shan , Wang Qin , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication after liver transplantation and is traditionally considered to be secondary to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). However, several studies have reported that the etiology of CKD after liver transplantation is broad and may only be assessed accurately by renal biopsy. The current study aimed to explore the usefulness of renal biopsies in managing CKD after liver transplantation in daily clinical practice.

Method
This retrospective analysis enrolled all post-liver transplantation patients who had a renal biopsy in a single center from July 2018 to February 2021.

Results
Fourteen renal biopsies were retrieved for review from 14 patients at a median of 35.7 (minimum-maximum: 2.80–134.73) months following liver transplantation. The male-to-female ratio was 13:1 (age range, 31–75 years). The histomorphological alterations were varied. The predominant glomerular histomorphological changes included focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) (n = 4), diabetic glomerulopathy (n = 4), and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 4). Thirteen (92.9%) patients had renal arteriolar sclerosis. Immune complex nephritis was present in six patients, of whom only two had abnormal serum immunological indicators. Despite interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy being present in all the patients, only six (42.9%) presented with severe interstitial injury. No major renal biopsy-related complications occurred. After a mean follow-up of 11.8 months (range: 1.2–29.8), three patients progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Conclusion
The etiology of CKD after liver transplantation might be more complex than originally thought and should not be diagnosed simply as calcineurin inhibitors(CNI)-related nephropathy. Renal biopsy plays a potentially important role in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD after liver transplantation and might not be fully substituted by urine or blood tests. It may help avoid unnecessary changes to the immunosuppressants and inadequate treatment of primary diseases.
Comparison of effect of wobble board training with and without cognitive intervention on balance, ankle proprioception and jump landing kinetic parameters of men with chronic ankle instability: a randomized control trial
Authors: Taghavi Asl Abed , Shojaedin Seyed Sadredin , Hadadnezhad Malihe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a wobble board training (WBT) course with and without cognitive intervention (CI) on balance, ankle proprioception and jump-landing kinetic parameters in active men with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Methods
Twenty-one active men in the age range of 18–25 years with CAI were randomly divided into three groups of WBT for five weeks as follows: with CI (n = 7); without CI (n = 7); control (n = 7). In this study, balance was evaluated by Y-Balance Test and Balance Error Scoring System, proprioception was evaluated as active and passive replication of 15-degree inversion angle and Maximum inversion angle minus 5-degrees, and single-leg jump-landing test was used for measurement of kinetic variables as pre-test and post-test in similar conditions.

Results
Post-test of both groups of WBT with and without CI showed a significant improvement in all variables compared to pre-test (p ≤ 0.05); however, in post-test, there was no significant difference in any of the variables between WBT groups with and without CI (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions
A course of WBT with and without CI leads to a significant improvement in balance, proprioception and jump-landing kinetic parameters, including time to stabilization and center of pressure displacement in active men with CAI. Although the WBT group with CI showed a greater improvement in mean than WBT group without CI, but the difference was not significant in any of the variables.

Trial registration
Retrospectively Registered. irict.ir Identifier: IRCT20200617047818N1 on 05–02-2021.