bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive implant use duration is not associated with breakthrough pregnancy among women living with HIV and using efavirenz: a retrospective, longitudinal analysis
Authors: Stalter Randy M. , Amorim Gustavo , Mocello A. Rain , Jakait Beatrice , Shepherd Bryan E. , Musick Beverly , Bernard Caitlin , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Cohen Craig R. , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Patel Rena C. ,   the Implant/Efavirenz Study Group and the East Africa IeDEA regional consortium
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionContraceptive implants containing etonogestrel and levonorgestrel have emerged as popular contraceptive options among women in areas of high HIV burden in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, recent pharmacokinetic data have shown drug–drug interactions between implants and efavirenz‐containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), reducing the effectiveness of the implants. Here, we evaluated pregnancy incidence in 6‐month intervals following implant initiation among women using efavirenz and contraceptive implants to assess whether the risk of breakthrough pregnancy is higher after specific periods of implant use.MethodsWe used data from a retrospective longitudinal analysis of women living with HIV ages 18–45 years in western Kenya who attended HIV‐care facilities between 2011 and 2015. We used Cox proportional hazard models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for breakthrough pregnancy by implant type and ART regimen. Depending on the model, we adjusted for socio‐demographic and clinical factors, programme, site and interaction between calendar time and ART regimen. We utilized inverse probability weights (IPWs) to account for three sampling phases (electronic medical record [EMR], chart review and phone interview) and calculated overall parameter estimates.ResultsWomen contributed 14,768 woman‐years from the largest sampling phase (EMR). The median age was 31 years. Women used etonogestrel implants for 26–69% of the time and levonorgestrel implants for 7–31% of the time, depending on the sampling phase. Women used efavirenz, nevirapine or no ART for 27–33%, 40–46% and 15–26% of follow‐ups, respectively. When combining sampling phases, there was little evidence to suggest that the relative hazard of pregnancy among efavirenz‐containing ART users relative to nevirapine‐containing ART changed with length of time on implants: IPW‐adjusted HR of 3.1 (CI: [1.5; 6.4]) at 12 months, 3.4 (CI: [1.8; 6.3]) at 24 months, 3.8 (CI: [1.9; 7.7]) at 36 months and 4.2 (CI: [1.6; 11.1]) at 48 months (interaction p‐value = 0.88). Similarly, no significant change in HRs over time was found when comparing women not using ART to nevirapine‐containing ART users (interaction p‐value = 0.49).ConclusionsWe did not find evidence to suggest implants being more fallible from drug–drug interactions with efavirenz at later time intervals of implant use. Thus, we would not recommend shortening the duration of implant use or replacing implants sooner when concomitantly used with efavirenz.
Rectal MRI Interpretation After Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Horvat Natally , El Homsi Maria , Miranda Joao , Mazaheri Yousef , Gollub Marc J. , Paroder Viktoriya 
Published: September 2022

In recent years, several key advances in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer have been made, including the implementation of total mesorectal excision as the standard surgical approach; use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in selected patients with a high risk of local recurrence, and finally, adoption of organ preservation strategies, through either local excision or nonoperative management in selected patients with clinical complete response following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This review aims to shed light on the role of rectal MRI in the assessment of treatment response after neoadjuvant therapy, which is especially important given the growing feasibility of nonoperative management. First, an overview of current neoadjuvant therapies and response assessment based on digital rectal examination, endoscopy, and MRI will be provided. Second, the use of a high‐quality restaging rectal MRI protocol will be presented. Third, a step‐by‐step approach to assessing treatment response on restaging rectal MRI following neoadjuvant treatment will be outlined, acknowledging challenges faced by radiologists during MRI interpretation. Finally, research related to response assessment will be discussed.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 3
SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG “heritage” in newborn: A credit of maternal natural infection
Authors: Marchi Laura , Vidiri Annalisa , Fera Emanuele Arturo , Pallottini Marta , Perelli Federica , Gardelli Monica , Brunelli Tamara , Poggetto Paolo Dal , Martelli Elena , Straface Gianluca , Signore Fabrizio , Fusco Ismaele , Vasarri Pier Luigi , Scambia Giovanni , Cavaliere Anna Franca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDescription of transplacental passage of specific SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG from mothers who contracted natural infection to their newborns. Retrospective cohort analysis including pregnant women diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 and their newborns both tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG and IgM with antibody titration at delivery. Nasopharyngeal swab were taken from both mothers and neonates, and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IgM and IgG were analyzed in maternal and neonatal serum of 143 mother−infant dyads. 86% of women with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR >14 days before delivery developed specific IgG and 84% of their infants showed transplacental passage of IgG. Pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 achieve antibody seroconversion following the kinetics described in the general population, and transplacental transfer of IgG specific antibodies occurs. No conclusion can be drawn on passive immunity efficacy or duration.
The protective effect of quinoa on the gastric mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol
Authors: Wang Yansheng , Liu Xinnan , Liang Lipeng , Zhu Yanru , Zhang Jingze , Luo Lifei , Wang Ping , Liu Dailin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol is a common gastrointestinal disease. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), as a nutrient‐rich grain, plays a significant role in preventing and treating gastric mucosal damage. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of quinoa on alcohol‐induced gastric mucosal damage and its possible mechanism.RESULTSThe ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury rat model was used for in vivo experiments and H2O2‐induced GES‐1 cells for in vitro experiments to elucidate the protective effect of quinoa. The results show that quinoa water extract can increase the superoxide dismutase level and decrease the malondialdehyde level in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, quinoa also reduced the bleeding point and bleeding area in rats with ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury and improved gastric histopathological changes. H2O2 significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors in GES‐1 cells, which were markedly ameliorated by quinoa water extract. Likewise, quinoa water extract regulated the protein expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO‐1, p‐IKK, and p‐NF‐κB through Nrf2 and nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathways, reducing the production of oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby repairing the damaged gastric mucosa.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study demonstrated that quinoa shows protective effect against ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant effects. We propose that our research will provide a reference for quinoa as a functional food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comb and Branch‐on‐Branch Model Polystyrenes with Exceptionally High Strain Hardening Factor SHF > 1000 and Their Impact on Physical Foaming
Authors: Faust Lorenz , Röpert Marie‐Christin , Esfahani Masood K. , Abbasi Mahdi , Hirschberg Valerian , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe influence of topology on the strain hardening in uniaxial elongation is investigated using monodisperse comb and dendrigraft model polystyrenes (PS) synthesized via living anionic polymerization. A backbone with a molecular weight of Mw,bb = 310 kg mol−1 is used for all materials, while a number of 100 short (SCB, Mw,scb = 15 kg mol−1) or long chain branches (LCB, Mw,lcb = 40 kg mol−1) are grafted onto the backbone. The synthesized LCB comb serves as precursor for the dendrigraft‐type branch‐on‐branch (bob) structures to add a second generation of branches (SCB, Mw,scb ≈ 14 kg mol−1) that is varied in number from 120 to 460. The SCB and LCB combs achieve remarkable strain hardening factors (SHF) of around 200 at strain rates greater than 0.1 s−1. In contrast, the bob PS reach exceptionally high SHF of 1750 at very low strain rates of 0.005 s−1 using a tilted sample placement to extend the maximum Hencky strain from 4 to 6. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, SHF this high have never been reported for polymer melts. Furthermore, the batch foaming with CO2 is investigated and the volume expansions of the resulting polymer foams are correlated to the uniaxial elongational properties.
A stripline hybrid dual‐capacitively loaded SIW resonator and its filter implementation
Authors: Jing Huaishu , Zhang Yonghong , Qu Lili , Jing Shouzhao , Liu Jiawei , Bo Xiaole 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA stripline hybrid dual‐capacitively loaded (DCL) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is proposed and analyzed in this letter. First, the fundamental mode (TE101) and two higher order modes (TE102 and TE201) are shifted lower through the capacitive perturbation effect. Extra Striplines are then integrated with the proposed DCL triple‐mode resonator to generate transmission zeros both below and above the passband. Subsequently, the proposed stripline hybrid DCL SIW resonator is used to design an example fourth‐order filter with three transmission zeros. A step‐by‐step design guideline is then summarized under specified filter performance. Finally, to verify the proposed design method, an example fourth‐order bandpass filter at 5.5 GHz with an improved lower rejection band is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results indicate that this filter has the advantages of compact size, good selectivity, and easy three‐dimensional integration.
Quasi‐experimental quantitative study of training programme for nurses and midwives regarding provision of neonatal resuscitation in selected governmental hospital, (Sudan), 2018
Authors: Gidam Namarig Nasraldin , Abdelgair Widad Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo measure the effectiveness of educational programmes for nurses regarding knowledge and practice of advanced resuscitation for newborn infants.DesignThis is a quasi‐experimental study in (Sudan, White Nile state), to evaluate the effectiveness of designed guidelines regarding advanced neonatal resuscitation for midwives during the period November 2020–January 2021.MethodsData were collected using two tools: semi‐structured questionnaire and checklist. The number of the respondents to the questionnaire is 75 nurses. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 22). Data were expressed as percentages. The results show that the level of knowledge is improved significantly after training programme interventions, with safe practice reaching (98.70%) compared with a pre‐test percentage of (11.5%). This indicates a steep rise in safe practice after the simulation section, a sharp decrease in unsafe practice after the practical section, followed by subsequent decrease in neonatal mortality rate. This paper has been guided by (STROBE, cohort study) checklist.ResultsThe study concluded that the majority of nurses and midwives have some knowledge regarding advanced neonatal resuscitation but still, there is a practice gap because of a shortage of facilities and lack of training, However, training programmes do add value on knowledge and practice for nurses and eventually decrease neonatal mortality rate.
The real experience with women's hysterectomy: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative research evidence
Authors: Li Na , Shen Chen , Wang Rao , Chu Zhiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this meta‐synthesis was to identify and synthesize qualitative research evaluating the real feelings, inner needs and emotional experience of women undergoing hysterectomy.DesignMeta‐synthesis.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid Medline and Sino Med were systematically searched until November 2021 and updated until June 2022. Two reviewers independently extracted data into a Microsoft Excel sheet. Qualitative meta‐synthesis was performed by coding relevant citations, organizing codes into descriptive themes and developing analytical themes.ResultsQualitative meta‐synthesis yielded three themes and nine sub‐themes: comprehensive consideration before hysterectomy (a. disease factors; b. fertility factors; c. opinions of others); emotions and experience after hysterectomy (a. postoperative physical condition; b. psychological resilience to the loss of the uterus; c. changes in the couple's relationship); coping strategies (a. self‐denial and avoidance; b. change of perception and self‐adjustment; c. seek help from others).
Self‐esteem and learning dynamics in nursing students: An existential‐phenomenological study
Authors: Dancot Jacinthe , Pétré Benoît , Voz Bernard , Detroz Pascal , Gagnayre Rémi , Triffaux Jean‐Marc , Guillaume Michèle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo describe nursing student self‐esteem changes over time and its impacts on learning strategies.DesignExistential phenomenology.MethodsInterviews were conducted in Spring 2018 in a purposive sample of 39 nursing students, exploring events critical to self‐esteem and their impacts. Transcriptions were analysed descriptively and interpretatively to decipher the process that links self‐esteem, events and learning behaviour.ResultsWhat led to self‐esteem changes were “relationships with nurses during internships” and “receiving evaluations.” The students interpreted events and drew conclusions about their aptitude for nursing, which in turn prompted proactive or defensive learning behaviours. Their interpretations both depended on their self‐esteem and impacted it, in a vicious or virtuous circle. Exploring self‐esteem allows a better understanding of the importance of students' relationships with nursing teams, and of some of their defensive behaviours. Understanding the role of nursing student self‐esteem in the learning process could help improve student well‐being and competence.
Preprints in Chemistry: a Research Team's Journey**
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe benefits of publishing research papers first in preprint form are substantial and long‐lasting also in chemistry. Recounting the outcomes of our team's nearly six‐year journey through preprint publishing, we show evidence that preprinting research substantially benefits both early career and senior researchers in today's highly interdisciplinary chemical research. These findings are of general value, as shown by analyzing the case of four more research teams based in economically developed and developing countries.
Factors associated with health‐related quality of life in long‐stay inpatients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Oyama Hiroko , Oda Kouichi , Matsuo Ryu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimFew studies have investigated the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in long‐stay inpatients with chronic schizophrenia in Japan. This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with HRQoL among these patients.MethodsOut of 238 patients with chronic schizophrenia admitted to three hospitals, 101 inpatients provided informed consent to participate in the study. The patients' HRQoL was assessed using two instruments: the EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ‐5D) as a generic index and the Subjective Well‐being Under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale, Japanese Version (SWNS‐J) as a disease‐specific index. We examined the factors associated with these HRQoL indices using multiple linear regression models.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 62.9 years, and 51.5% were female. The mean (standard deviation) EQ‐5D score and SWNS‐J total score were 0.776 (0.177) and 83.5 (16.5), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the EQ‐5D score was significantly and negatively associated with the female sex, benzodiazepine use, and Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale scores. In contrast, the SWNS‐J total score was significantly and negatively associated with first‐generation antipsychotics use, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores, Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale scores, and Global Assessment of Functioning scale scores.ConclusionThis study identified the factors associated with two HRQoL indices among long‐stay inpatients with chronic schizophrenia in Japan. Although the analyses showed differences in the associated factors between the generic EQ‐5D and the disease‐specific SWNS‐J, extrapyramidal symptoms as adverse effects of antipsychotic treatment were found to be associated with both indices.
Investigating teachers' job satisfaction, stress and working environment: The roles of self‐efficacy and school leadership
Authors: Jentsch Armin , Hoferichter Frances , Blömeke Sigrid , König Johannes , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the relations between working environment and teachers' job satisfaction, perceived work‐related stress, as well as work‐related self‐efficacy. The sample consisted of 226 mathematics teachers from German secondary schools. About 55% were female and they had been teaching for 13 years on average. We used self‐reported measures to assess how teachers perceived their working environment (regarding autonomy, feedback, and social support by colleagues), administrative leadership and teachers' work‐related self‐efficacy, as well as job satisfaction and work‐related stress. Structural equation modeling demonstrates that teachers' job satisfaction and stress were significantly associated with self‐efficacy (moderate to large effects) and an administrative leadership at the corresponding schools (small to moderate effects). The effect of social support on teachers' job satisfaction and stress was fully mediated by teachers' self‐efficacy. Our findings underscore the importance of self‐efficacy and a positive working environment for teachers' job satisfaction and stress.
Symptom phenotypes in pulmonary arterial hypertension: The PAH “symptome”
Authors: Matura Lea Ann , Fargo Jamison D. , Boyle Kathleen , Fritz Jason S. , Smith Kerri A. , Mazurek Jeremy A. , Pinder Diane , Archer‐Chicko Christine L. , Palevsky Harold I. , Pack Allan I. , Sommers Marilyn S. , Kawut Steven M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWomen with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) experience multiple symptoms, including dyspnea, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, that impair their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). However, we know little about phenotypic subgroups of patients with PAH with similar, concurrent, multiple symptoms. The objectives of this study were to define the “symptome” by symptom cluster phenotypes and compare characteristics such as biomarkers, cardiac structure and function (echocardiography), functional capacity (6‐min walk distance), and HRQOL between the groups. This cross‐sectional study included 60 women with PAH. Subjects completed an assessment battery: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Symptom Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile, Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Physical Function, PROMIS® Sleep‐Related Impairment, and the emPHasis‐10. Subjects also underwent transthoracic echocardiography, phlebotomy, 6‐min walk distance, and actigraphy. The three symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were used to define the symptom clusters. Other PAH symptoms, plasma and serum biomarkers, cardiac structure and function (echocardiography), exercise capacity (6‐min walk distance), sleep (actigraphy), and HRQOL were compared across phenotypes. The mean age was 50 ± 18 years, 51% were non‐Hispanic white, 32% were non‐Hispanic Black and 40% had idiopathic PAH. Cluster analysis identified Mild (n = 28, 47%), Moderate (n = 20, 33%), and Severe Symptom Cluster Phenotypes (n = 12, 20%). There were no differences for age, race, or PAH etiology between the phenotypes. WHO functional class (p < 0.001), norepinephrine levels (p = 0.029), right atrial pressure (p = 0.001), physical function (p < 0.001), sleep onset latency (p = 0.040), and HRQOL (p < 0.001) all differed significantly across phenotypes. We identified three distinctive symptom cluster phenotypes (Mild, Moderate, and Severe) for women with PAH that also differed by PAH‐related symptoms, physical function, right atrial pressure, norepinephrine levels, and HRQOL. These phenotypes could suggest targeted interventions to improve symptoms and HRQOL in those most severely affected.
Differential diagnoses of calcified nodules in pulmonary amyloidosis: A case report
Authors: Miura Hiroyuki , Miura Jun , Goto Shinichi , Yamamoto Tomoko 
Published: September 2022

Key messagePulmonary amyloidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of calcified lung nodules, and more careful preparation for bleeding should be taken when performing bronchoscopy. While management does not require aggressive treatment, follow‐up is necessary to monitor for multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma
Design and analysis of a wall‐climbing robot for passive adaptive movement on variable‐curvature metal facades
Authors: Jiang Ze , Ma Zhe , Ju Zhongjin , Wang Dianzheng , Xu Yundou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo facilitate the safe adsorption and stable motion of robots on curved metal surfaces, a wall‐climbing robot with a wheeled‐type mobile mechanism that can passively self‐adapt to walls with different curvature is proposed. The robot is composed of two relatively independent passive adaptive mobile mechanisms and overrunning permanent magnetic adsorption devices to achieve effective fitting of the driving wheels to the wall surface and adaptive surface motion. The overall design is based on a double‐hinged connection scheme and gap‐type permanent magnetic adsorption. The minimum adsorption force required for the robot to achieve stable climbing motion with no risk of slipping or capsizing is determined by developing a static analysis model. The effects of air‐gap size and wall thickness on the adsorption force are analyzed by means of magnetic circuit design studies and parametric simulations on the permanent magnet adsorption device, as well as design optimization of the permanent magnet device. The motion performance test of the fabricated prototype shows that the robot can achieve adaptive curvature motion with self‐attitude adjustment, and has a certain load capacity, obstacle crossing capability, and good surface adaptivity.