bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential pulmonary resections by uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules
Authors: Xu Guangwen , Wang Gaoxiang , Mei Xinyu , Wu Mingsheng , Li Tian , Xie Mingran 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sequential pulmonary resections by uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules (BMPNs).MethodsA single-center, prospective, nonrandomized study was performed on patients who underwent one-stage or two-stage operations by uniportal VATS. The clinical, pathological and perioperative data were summarized and analyzed from January 2021 to December 2021.ResultsA total of 80 patients were included during the study period. Sequential pulmonary resection by uniportal VATS was underwent in 40 patients. There were no perioperative deaths and serious complications, 2 patients had postoperative pneumonia, 3 patients had transient atrial fibrillation, 1 patient had persistent severe air leakage, 1 patient occurred hemoptysis. The one-stage group had less operative time, surgical blood loss, pleural drainage, chest tube duration and postoperative admission duration(P&lt;0.05). The results of pathological examination of pulmonary nodules revealed adenocarcinoma in situ (n=12), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (n=24), invasive adenocarcinoma (n=42), squamous carcinoma (n=1),and benign nodules (n=10). The pathological diagnosis included multiple primary lung cancers (30/40, 75%), single primary lung cancer (6/40, 15%). The most advanced pathologic stage of the primary lung cancer was classified as IA (n=19), IB (n=5), II (n=3), and IIIA (n=2).ConclusionFor patients with excellent pulmonary function, sequential pulmonary resection by uniportal VATS is a safe and feasible for BMPNs. Strict control of surgical indications, reasonable preoperative planning, accurate intraoperative operation, and standardized perioperative management can effectively reduce complications and maximize benefits for suitable patients.
Association of metabolic syndrome and the risk of bladder cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Fang Shuo , Liu Yuchen , Dai Huiru , Gao Tianshun , Zeng Leli , Sun Rui , Zheng Zilong , Yuan Jinqiu , Xia Bin , Pan Yihang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have been shown as risk factors for several solid cancers. However, current epidemiological evidence about the relevance of MetS and bladder cancer risk was limited.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 476,986 participants with undiagnosed bladder cancer based on the UK Biobank. MetS was defined as the presence of at least three of the five selected indicators: hypertension, central obesity, raised triglyceride, reduced HDL-cholesterol, and raised fasting plasma glucose. Bladder cancer has been identified through contact with the British Cancer Registry (median follow-up time: 6.6 years). We assessed hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) through Cox proportional hazard regression after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors. Non-linear associations for individual MetS components were assessed by the restricted cubic spline method.ResultsDuring a follow-up of 3,112,566 person-years, 487 cases of bladder cancer were ascertained. MetS (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08–1.61), central obesity (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15–1.68), dyslipidemia for HDL cholesterol (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.66), and hyperglycemia (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.16–1.79) were associated with elevated risk of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer risk increased with the number of MetS components. In stratified analyses, MetS showed similar effects in bladder cancer independently with sex, age, cigarette and alcohol use, physical activity, and dietary factors. Higher waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were independently associated with increased risk of bladder cancer, with no evidence against non-linearity.ConclusionMetS might be an independent risk factor for bladder cancer. Our findings highlighted the importance of individualized management of MetS components for preventing bladder cancer.
Parents' intention for their children to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for vaccination program in Macao
Authors: Choi Un I , Pang Yimin , Zheng Yu , Tang Pou Kuan , Hu Hao , Ung Carolina Oi Lam 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe decision about vaccinating children is subject to their parents' decision. To inform strategies that support full vaccination coverage, it is important to understand the parents' vaccination attitude and tendency to act. This study aims to investigate the intention and the factors affecting parents' decision-making about vaccinating their children.MethodsA cross-sectional, self-administered online questionnaire was completed by parents of children aged 3–12 yeas in Macao between 7 March and 17 April 2022. The survey tool was informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which composes of the variable “intention” and three TPB constructs (Attitude, Subjective Norm, andPerceived Behavioral Control). Respondents rated their level of agreement on the construct statements using a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine if the TPB constructs were predictors of parents' intention.ResultsA total of 1,217 parents completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants were mothers (83.2%), aged 31–40 years (62.7%), having two or more children (74.1%), had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine (84.4%) and considered themselves knowledgeable about the vaccine (62.1%), all of which were significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate their children (allp&lt; 0.05). Their intention varied from negative (19.1%), neutral (38.4%) to positive (42.5%). Respondents were mostly concerned about the serious side effects that the COVID-19 vaccine (mean = 3.96 ± 1.23), highly acknowledged the expectation by the school (mean = 3.94 ± 1.15) and the community (mean = 3.90 ± 1.19) of children vaccination, and rated highly the ease of making necessary arrangement (mean = 3.93 ± 1.25). In the multiple linear regression model which explained 63.5% of the variance in the intention-to-vaccinate their children, onlyAttitude(B = 0.52,p&lt; 0.001) andSubjective Norm(B = 0.39,p&lt; 0.001) were identified as strong predictors. The major reasons for not having intention were safety concerns (n= 646/699, 92.4%). Participants' most trusted local information sources were doctors (n= 682), government (n= 426) and healthcare professional organizations (n= 416).ConclusionsVaccinating children with COVID-19 vaccine is a complex decision-making for parents. A key to a successful COVID-19 vaccination program is effective communication about the safety profile and the usage experiences warranting the integration of reliable information sources across different healthcare sectors.
Roles and mechanisms of garlic and its extracts on atherosclerosis: A review
Authors: Li Min , Yun Wingyan , Wang Guibin , Li Anqi , Gao Jing , He Qingyong 
Published: October 2022

The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have achieved initial results, but the number of CVDs patients will increase rapidly in the next 10 years. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a significant risk factor for CVDs. The impact of lifestyle and daily diet varies considerably between different countries and continents and has been shown to affect the development of various diseases such as diabetes and CVDs. Primary and secondary prevention using alternative supplements and methods to avoid or reduce the use of traditional pharmacological drugs have also become popular. One of the reasons for this is that pharmacological drugs with lipid-lowering, and blood pressure-lowering effects cause many side effects that may negatively impact the quality of life. Patients are now emphasizing reliance on lifestyle changes to reduce cardiovascular risks. Garlic is a medicinal and edible plant that has been used for a long time. In order to reveal garlic application in the prevention and treatment of AS, reviewing the latest domestic and international studies through searching databases. The result shows that the antiatherogenic role of garlic is eximious. And the mechanisms are mainly related to hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, inhibiting angiogenesis, protecting endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and regulating gut microbiota. The main signaling pathways involve AMPK/TLRs, Keap1/Nrf2, PI3K/AKT, PPARγ/LXRα, GEF-H1/RhoA/Rac, etc. The antiatherogenic actions and molecular mechanism of garlic were reviewed in this study to obtain a robust evidence basis for the clinical application and mechanistic study and provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of garlic.
A-Kinase Anchor Protein 1 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse model of hyperoxia induced acute lung injury
Authors: Soundararajan Ramani , Hernández-Cuervo Helena , Stearns Timothy M , Griswold Anthony J , Patil Sahebgowda Sidramagowda , Fukumoto Jutaro , Narala Venkata Ramireddy , Galam Lakshmi , Lockey Richard , Kolliputi Narasaiah 
Published: October 2022

Background: Critically ill patients on supplemental oxygen therapy eventually develop acute lung injury (ALI). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during ALI perturbs the mitochondrial dynamics resulting in cellular damage. Genetic deletion of the mitochondrial A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (Akap1) in mice resulted in mitochondrial damage, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, increased expression of mitophagy proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines, exacerbating hyperoxia-induced Acute Lung Injury (HALI).Objective: Despite a strong causal link between mitochondrial dysfunction and HALI, the mechanisms governing the disease progression at the transcriptome level is unknown.Methods: In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was carried out using the lungs of Akap1 knockout (Akap1−/−) mice exposed to normoxia or 48 h of hyperoxia followed by quantitative real time PCR and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Western blot analysis assessed mitochondrial dysfunction, OXPHOS complex (I-V), apoptosis and antioxidant proteins. Mitochondrial enzymatic assays was used to measure the aconitase, fumarase, citrate synthase activities in isolated mitochondria from Akap1−/− vs. Wt mice exposed to hyperoxia.Results: Transcriptome analysis of Akap1−/− exposed to hyperoxia reveals increases in transcripts encoding electron transport chain (ETC) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) proteins. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) shows enrichment of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation in Akap1−/− mice. Loss of AKAP1, coupled with oxidant injury, significantly decreases the activities of TCA enzymes. Mechanistically, a significant loss of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at the protein kinase A (PKA) site Serine 637 (Ser637), decreases in Akt phosphorylation at Serine 437 (Ser47) and increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax indicate mitochondrial dysfunction. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels significantly increased in CD68 positive alveolar macrophages in Akap1−/− lungs, suggesting a strong antioxidant response to hyperoxia.Conclusion: Overall these results suggest that AKAP1 overexpression and modulation of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 is an important therapeutic strategy for acute lung injury.
Correcting the light extinction effect of fly ash particles on the measurement of NO by TDLAS
Authors: Guo Songjie , Yang Yan , Shao Guodong , Li Zhenghui , Ren Wei , Mo Juehui , Lu Zhimin , Yao Shunchun 
Published: October 2022

The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in power plant flue gas by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is susceptible to fly ash particles. The presence of fly ash particles causes laser intensity fluctuations and leads to the second harmonic (2f) signal amplitude changes. In this manuscript, we analyzed the influence of particles on the 2f signal and corrected the measurement error of NO concentration by the wavelength modulation-second harmonic (WMS-2f) technique. Specifically, the 2f signal error caused by quartz sand and fly ash particles were measured, and the exponential function representing the peak-to-peak error of the 2f signal was obtained by fitting. Finally, the peak-to-peak value of the 2f signal and the NO concentration were corrected according to the exponential function. After correction, the NO concentration error under the fly ash influence (the particle size in the range of 10–200 μm and the mass concentration is less than 18.26 g/m3) was no more than 2%. This correction method effectively improves the measurement accuracy of NO concentration by the WMS-2f technique in the fly ash environment.
Characterization of amorphous carbon films from 5 nm to 200 nm on single-side polished a-plane sapphire substrates by spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Li Ziqing , Cui Changcai , Zhou Xiaolong , Bian Subiao , Arteaga Oriol , Xu Xipeng 
Published: October 2022

In this work, a series of amorphous carbon films were deposited on a-plane sapphire substrates by magnetron sputtering with deposition time from 15 min to 8 h, in order to investigate the thickness and optical properties in the process of growth in a non-destructive way. They were characterized by using Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry together with topography profilometry and Raman spectroscopy. Two models of a Bruggeman effective medium approximation model and a single Cody-Lorentz oscillator model have been proposed to fit films thickness and optical constants from Ultraviolet (UV) to visible (210 nm–800 nm), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) has been used to verify the proposed model for thickness fitting results. The optical constants of the amorphous carbon film have been determined by fitting together all measurements in samples deposited for 2 h or more, with the film thickness being the only sample-independent parameter. The results show that the thickness from 5 nm to 200 nm can be characterized in a nondestructive way although there is a relatively large thickness error compared with the Transmission Electron Microscope results for thin films (d &lt; 20 nm) when the deposition time is less than 2 h because of the nonuniform deposition in the beginning. The relative error between the TEM and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry results can be reduced to 1% after 4 h sample. That means spectroscopic ellipsometry can still provide an indicator for the trend of thickness growth.
Social isolation in adults with cancer: An evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Liang Yanjing , Hao Guihua , Wu Mei , Hou Lili 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIn extant literature, the concept of social isolation has been explored primarily in the context of older adults. However, people with cancer may also experience social isolation, and there is a need for increased clarity regarding this phenomenon in this population.ObjectiveTo conceptualize social isolation in adult cancer care.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were systematically searched using the key terms “cancer,” “social isolation,” “social alienation,” and “social exclusion” for studies (from the earliest date available to June 2022). The main disciplines involved were psychology, nursing, medicine, and public health. Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis was employed to clarify the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of social isolation in adults with cancer.ResultsA total of 60 eligible articles were reviewed entirely and the main findings were categorized into antecedents, attributes, and consequences. The antecedents of social isolation were classified into six categories: cancer-related physiological changes, cognitive beliefs, psychological wellbeing, unsatisfactory social supports or relationships, restrictions associated with receiving treatments, and social-level barriers. Attributes were characterized according to behavior or social avoidance and negative affective experiences, while consequences were attributed to low therapeutic compliance, poor health conditions and mental health problems, and low quality of life. White’s heuristic model is a potential theoretical context applicable to social isolation in adults with cancer.ConclusionThis concept analysis provides a basis for developing multidimensional assessment tools and measures to alleviate social isolation in adults with cancer, a complex and varied phenomenon. However, while this review contributes to the current knowledge on social isolation in people with cancer, studies should further investigate the relationships among attributes associated with social isolation.
Music-based intervention drives paretic limb acceleration into intentional movement frequencies in chronic stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Loria Tristan , de Grosbois John , Haire Catherine , Vuong Veronica , Schaffert Nina , Tremblay Luc , Thaut Michael H. 
Published: October 2022

This study presented a novel kinematic assessment of paretic limb function “online” during the actual therapeutic exercisers rooted within the acceleration domain. Twenty-eight patients at chronic stroke stages participated in an auditory-motor intervention mapping reaching movements of the paretic arm unto surfaces of large digital musical instruments and sound tablets that provided rhythmic entrainment cues and augmented auditory feedback. Patients also wore a tri-axial accelerometer on the paretic limb during the nine-session intervention. The resulting acceleration profiles were extracted and quantified within the frequency domain. Measures of peak power and peak width were leveraged to estimate volitional control and temporal consistency of paretic limb movements, respectively. Clinical assessments included the Wolf Motor Function Test and Fugl-Meyer – Upper Extremity subtest. The results showed that peak power increased significantly from Session 1 to Session 9 within oscillatory frequency ranges associated with intentional movement execution (i.e., 4.5 Hz). Decreases in peak width over time provided additional evidence for improved paretic arm control from a temporal perspective. In addition, Peak width values obtained in Session 1 was significantly correlated with pre-test Fugl-Meyer – Upper Extremity scores. These results highlighted improvements in paretic limb acceleration as an underlying mechanism in stroke motor recovery and shed further light on the utility of accelerometry-based measures of paretic limb control in stroke rehabilitation.The data reported here was obtained from a larger clinical trial:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03246217ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03246217.
“You can't even ask a question about your child”: Examining experiences of parents or caregivers during hospitalization of their sick young children in Kenya: A qualitative study
Authors: Okondo Chantalle , Ndwiga Charity , Sripad Pooja , Abuya Timothy , Warren Charlotte E. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundGlobally, about 5.2 million children under the age of five died in 2019, and more than half of those deaths occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa. In almost every death of a sick child, there is a parent/caregiver seeking health services for their child. This study sought to understand the experiences of care for parents/caregivers (caregivers) as they navigate the hospital system with the aim of identifying opportunities to improve service delivery and child health outcomes.MethodsQualitative data were collected from five hospitals in Kenya: three in Nairobi County and two in Bungoma County. Twenty-five in-depth interviews with caregivers (couples and single women) of young children 0–24 months old, 17 focus group discussions with women and men, and 64 institutional ethnographic observations were completed. Data were analyzed by initial annotation of transcripts and field materials, followed by open coding and thematic analysis using Nvivo 12 software. Summary themes were used to compare experiences between female and male caregivers, their child's age group, and study sites.ResultsCaregivers faced complex processes of care while seeking health services for their sick young children. Three overarching themes emerged with some variability across female and male caregiver perspectives: (1) Navigating structural issues: long wait times, confusing payment mechanisms, overcrowding, unhygienic conditions, and strict visitation policies; (2) Interactions with providers: positive experiences, including providers showing empathy and concern, and negative experiences of harsh language, neglect, lack of privacy, discounting caregiver perspectives, and not involving men; Limited communication between caregivers and providers on child's diagnosis, treatment, and progress and lack of communication specifically between male caregivers and providers; and (3) Limited emotional support for both caregivers during difficult diagnosis or bereavement.ConclusionsTo improve experiences, interventions, programs, and policies need to focus on good provider-caregiver partnerships; enhancing opportunities for male engagement, such as supportive visiting hours; effective communication between caregivers and providers; access to adequate emotional support; and an enabling hospital environment.
Flare quasi-periodic pulsation associated with recurrent jets
Authors: Li Dong , Shi Fanpeng , Zhao Haisheng , Xiong Shaolin , Song Liming , Peng Wenxi , Li Xinqiao , Chen Wei , Ning Zongjun 
Published: October 2022

Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs), which carry time features and plasma characteristics of flare emissions, are frequently observed in light curves of solar/stellar flares. In this study, we investigated non-stationary QPPs associated with recurrent jets during an M1.2 flare on 2022 July 14. A quasi-period of ∼45±10 s, determined by the wavelet transform technique, is simultaneously identified at wavelengths of soft/hard X-ray and microwave emissions, which are recorded by the Gravitational Wave High-Energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor, Fermi and the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, respectively. A group of recurrent jets with an intermittent cadence of about 45 ± 10 s are found in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) image series at 304 Å, but they are 180 s earlier than the flare QPP. All observational facts suggest that the flare QPPs could be excited by recurrent jets, and they should be associated with non-thermal electrons that are periodically accelerated by a repeated energy release process, such as repetitive magnetic reconnection. Moreover, the same quasi-period is discovered at double footpoints connected by a hot flare loop in AIA 94 Å, and the phase speed is measured to be ∼1,420 km s−1. Based on the differential emission measure, the average temperatures, number densities, and magnetic field strengths at the loop top and footpoint are estimated to be ∼7.7/6.7 MK, ∼7.5/3.6 × 1010 cm−3, and ∼143/99 G, respectively. Our measurements indicate that the 45-s QPP is probably modulated by the kink-mode wave of the flare loop.