bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of utilization of facility-based ante-natal care and delivery services in a Nigerian Rural Community
Authors: Etokidem Aniekan , Agbor Iwasam , Isika Anastasia , Ago Boniface , Mkpanam Nkese 
Published: May 2022

Background: With maternal mortality ratio of 2,000/100,000 live births and perinatal mortality rate of 40/1,000 total births, Cross River State is one of the states with the highest maternal and perinatal deaths in Nigeria. One of the causes of these poor health indices is low utilization of facility-based maternal and child healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth.
Objective: To assess the predictors of utilization of antenatal care and delivery services in Akpabuyo, a rural community in Cross River State of Nigeria.
Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from 370 pregnant women between June and July, 2013 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Binary logistic regression showed that compared with women with tertiary education, women with non-formal education were less likely to attend antenatal clinic (AOR=0.510, 95% CI=0.219-1.188) although the difference was not statistically significant. Also, compared with farmers, full-time housewives were less likely to deliver in a health facility (AOR=0.650, 95% CI=0.305-1.389) while civil servants were nearly five times more likely to deliver in the health facility (AOR=4.750, 95%CI=1.616-13.962).
Conclusion: The predictors of antenatal care and facility delivery services utilization identified by the study were educational status and occupation. This raises the need for policies and programmes to ensure girl child education and the economic empowerment of women.
Keywords: Maternal; Perinatal; Mortality; Child healthcare; Antenatal care; Delivery.
Association between physical activity knowledge and attitude on diabetes among normal weight and overweight/obese type-2 diabetic patients: a rural community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Pelluri Ranakishor , Kongara Srikanth , Chimakurthy Jithendra , Rani Nagasubramanian Vanitha 
Published: May 2022

Background: Physical activity is one of the most important regimens for the treatment of diabetes. Hence, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity knowledge (PAK), knowledge and attitude on diabetes among rural T2DM patients.
Objectives: The PAK, knowledge and attitude on diabetes were targeted to evaluate in rural Indian T2DM patients.
Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out with eighty-four patients with known T2DM in rural population of India.
Results: Among 84 patients, 46 were overweight/obese and 38 patients with normal weight were participated in our study. The odds of smoking were found to be a significant socio-demographic risk factor (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 0.93-20.33 and P<0.001) compared to non-smokers. The PAK categories such as A, B & D had associated with BMI. The OR, 95% CI and P. Value are (5.610, 2.18-14.38 and P<0.001; 1.72, 0.72-4.12 and P 0.030; 2.55, 1.05-6.20 and P 0.047) except in category C. Iilliterates, low annual income, poor knowledge on T2DM and negative attitude, OR (4.50; 12.87; 10.80 and 47.66) were reported disagree or don’t know with PAK questionnaire.
Conclusion: The results have impact on the design of new education programs will assist in preventing and managing complications related to T2DM.
Keywords: Physical activity knowledge; Attitude; Body mass index; Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Ability and willingness to pay for family planning services in low resource settings: evidence from an operational research
Authors: Mbona Tumwesigye Nazarius , Makumbi Fredrick , Mukose Aggrey , Atuyambe Lynn , Namanda Cissie , Ssali Sarah , Tweheyo Ritah , Gidudu Andrew , Sekimpi Carole , Verde Hashim Catherine , Nicholson Martha , Nakigudde Waddimba Ritah , Ddungu Peter 
Published: May 2022

Objective: This paper establishes levels and patterns of ability and willingness to pay (AWTP) for contraceptives, and associated factors.
Study design: A three-stage cluster and stratified sampling was applied in selection of enumeration areas, households and individuals in a baseline survey for a 5-year Family planning programme. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regressions are used to establish factors associated with AWTP.
Results: Ability to pay was higher among men (84%) than women (52%). A high proportion of women (96%) and men (82%) were able to pay at least Ug Shs 1000 ($0.27) for FP services while 93% of women and 83% of men who had never used FP services will in future be able to pay for FP services costed at least Shs 2000 ($0.55). The factors independently associated with AWTP were lower age group (<25 years), residence in urban areas, attainment of higher education level, and higher wealth quintiles.
Conclusion: AWTP for FP services varied by different measures. Setting the cost of FP services at Shs 1000 ($0.27) will attract almost all women (96%) and most of men (82%). Key determinants of low AWTP include residence in poor regions, being from rural areas and lack of/low education.
Implications statement: Private providers should institute price discrimination for FP services by region, gender and socio-economic levels. More economic empowerment for disadvantaged populations is needed if the country is to realise higher contraceptive uptake. More support for total market approach for FP services needed.
Keywords: Ability-to-pay; willingness-to-pay; total market approach; market segmentation; family planning.
The burden and types of anaemia among HIV infected, ART-naive injection substance users in Kenya
Authors: Mulaya Khazalwa Emmanuel , Were Tom , Hughes Mulama David , Budambula Valentine 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Illicit substance use and HIV infection cause haematological derangements. Anaemia characterized by a reduction in the quality and quantity erythrocytes is the most common disorder in both HIV-positive persons and illicit substance users.
Objective: To describe anaemia burden, types, and its association with HIV in injectable substance users in Mombasa, Kenya.
Methods: This descriptive case-control study evaluated red cell indices and morphology in 494 adults. The primary outcome was anaemia. The association of anaemia with HIV in injection substance users was determined using the chi-square test.
Results: The participants included 275 injection substance users (ISU), (HIV-positive, n=62 and HIV-negative, n=213); and 219 non-injection substance users (nonISU), (HIV-positive, n=33 and HIV-negative, n=186). Overall, 49% were anaemic with anaemia burden significantly differing across the groups, Χ2(3, N=494) =12.1, p=0.0070. Anaemia burden was higher in HIV-positive ISU compared to HIV-negative ISU (odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85, 2.96); and HIV-positive nonISU compared to HIV-negative nonISU (OR = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.79). Most of the anaemia was dimorphic in both HIV-positive (ISU, 67% and nonISU, 52%) and HIV-negative (ISU, 43% and nonISU, 55%) participants.
Conclusion: Infection with HIV is associated with increased risk of anaemia in injectable and non-injectable substance users. Majority of the anaemia was dimorphic suggestive of multiple aetiologies. Establishing the related aetiologies is essential for the effective treatment of anaemia. The accurate evaluation of thin blood films remains an essential tool in diagnosing an array of haematologic disorders and as a reference for further tests and patient management.
Keywords: Anaemia; HIV/AIDS; substance use.
The EPIYA-ABCC motif of Helicobacter pylori cagA gene and gastric carcinogenesis in Casablanca population
Authors: R Jouimyi Mohamed , Bounder Ghizlane , Boura Hasna , Essaidi Imane , Bendahmane Asmaa , Benomar Hakima , Zerouali Khalid , Lebrazi Halima , Kettani Anass , C Gbonon Valérie , Fatima Maachi 
Published: May 2022

Background: H. pylori infection induce atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) that can lead to gastric cancer (GC). The severity of gastric lesions is related to H. pylori genetic diversity. The oncogenic potential of H. pylori cagA virulence factor is linked to its high polymorphic EPIYA motifs.
Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the association of EPIYA motifs with the risk of AG and IM in Casablanca population.
Methods: A total of 210 patients suffering from gastric lesions (chronic gastritis, AG, and IM) was enrolled. H. pylori infection and the type of lesions were diagnosed by ureC PCR and histological examination, respectively. Detection of the cagA gene, and the type of EPIYA motifs, were carried out by PCR
Results: The prevalence of H. pylori and cagA gene was 95% and 37%, respectively. CagA-positive strains were associated with the risk of IM. The EPIYA motifs detected were: EPIYA-ABC (58%), EPIYA-ABCC (22%), and EPIYA-AB (20%). The EPIYA-ABCC motif was associated with the risk of IM (p-value = 0.007), compared to AG (p-value = 0.28).
Conclusion: The EPIYA-ABCC motif might be a useful marker for the identification of patients at high risk of developing IM that can lead to GC.
Keywords: cagA gene; EPIYA motifs; gastric carcinogenesis.
Molecular detection of pathogenic bacteria in the colonic biopsies from patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: El A Helal Thanaa , E El Abdel Wahab Hoda , M Saber Sally , H Abdelaaty Waleed , M Eltabbakh Mohamed , M Aref Ahmed , H Dawood Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Background/Aim: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease which is common in many areas of the world including Egypt. A lot of controversy regarding the pathogenesis of UC exist. The current study is an attempt to detect some pathogenic bacteria in UC patients.
Materials and methods: Endoscopic colonic biopsies obtained from 40 patients with ulcerative colitis and 20 controls were analyzed by means of real-time PCR technique for the presence of Clostridium difficile, Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) and pathogenic Escherichia Coli (E. coli) which are positive for KPC and/or OXA-48.
Results: All patients and control samples were negative for Clostridium difficile. Three of the 40 patient samples (7.5%) and none of the 20 controls were positive for H. pylori with no significant difference between the two groups. KPC-positive E. coli were detected in 11 of the 40 patients (27.5%) and in none of the controls with a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.01). All patients and control samples were negative for OXA-48 positive E. coli.
Conclusion: Although this study does not support the claim that Clostridium difficile and/or H. pylori have a role in UC, it greatly suggests that pathogenic E. coli may be involved in one way or another in the course of UC.
Keywords: Ulcerative colitis; Colonic biopsies; Clostridium difficile; H. pylori; E. coli.
Reporting of sexual and gender-based violence and associated factors among survivors in Mayuge, Uganda
Authors: Nambi Ssanyu Jacquellyn , Namuhani Noel , Kayemba Nalwadda Christine 
Published: May 2022

Background: Reporting of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) allows survivors to access support services to minimize the impact of the violence on their lives. However, research shows that most SGBV survivors do not report.
Objective: We aimed to determine the proportion of survivors of SGBV in Mayuge District, Uganda, who report SGBV and the factors associated with reporting.
Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we analyzed data of SGBV survivors in eight villages in Mayuge district collected in a baseline survey of a larger experimental study. Data were analysed using Modified Poisson Regression.
Results: Of the 723 participants, 65% were female. Only 31.9% had reported the SGBV experienced. Reporting was 43% lower among survivors aged 45 years and older (p-value = 0.003), and 41% lower among survivors with higher than a primary school education (p-value = 0.005). Likewise, reporting was 37% lower among survivors who relied on financial support from their partners (p-value = 0.001). Female survivors were also 63% more likely to report (p-value = 0.001), while survivors who were separated/widowed were 185% more likely to report than those who were never married (p-value = 0.006).
Conclusion: Reporting of SGBV by survivors in Mayuge was found to below.
Keywords: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence; survivors; Mayuge; Uganda.
Retrospective evaluation of inpatients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Somalia for Pediatric surgery
Authors: Kart Yeliz , Uğur Cüneyt , Mohamed Abdi Abdishakur 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim is to reflect on the epidemiology of the patient population at a tertiary hospital for pediatric surgery, diagnostic pattern, and mortality in Somalia retrospectively.
Methods: In this study, 163 patient who were hospitalized to Pediatric Surgery Clinic of Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital in 2018 were included. Data regarding age, gender, diagnosis, surgical condition, mortality rate and cause of the death were recorded from the patient charts and the institutional digital database
Results: Of 163 patients 47 were female (28.8%) and 116 were male (71.2%). The mean age of the patients was 6.4 ± 4.8 years. The main diagnoses were congenital malformation (34.4%), acute abdomen (25.8%), traumatic injury (23.3%), infection (9.8%) and neoplasm (6.1%). Mortality rate was 9.8% and the leading cause of death was sepsis by 87.5%. Perforated appendicitis, intestinal obstruction and intussusception were creating the 68.7% of the diseases that result in death.
Conclusions: Our results show that two-thirds of the surgical deaths could be prevented with timely presentation. We think that the health policymakers in Somalia should focus on how to improve the access to surgical care, patient transfer, timely presentation, and training of pediatric surgeons and to overcome the poor surgical outcomes.
Keywords: Surgery; children; epidemiology; mortality; Somalia.
Investigation of the Vertical Profile Radio Refractivity Gradient and Effective Earth Radius Factor (k-factor) in Transmission Link Over Oyo, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Sheu Akeem L. , Suleman Kamaldeen O , Adeniji Qasim A 
Published: May 2022

Surface radio refractive gradient and k-factor are very imperative in observing propagation conditions, designing and planning of microwave communication links in the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer. The measurement of weather variables (air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and wind speed) were conducted in this study at the School of Science, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo (7.83°N, 3.95°E), Oyo State, Nigeria. The research was carried out for a period of one year (January to December, 2020) using self-designed cost effective portable weather monitoring systems. The systems were sited from the ground to a height of 200 m on a 220 m Nigeria Television Authority (NTA) UHF channel 37 tower at Oke-Apitipiti in Oyo Town of Oyo State. The calculated daily and monthly averages data are employed to investigate the vertical surface radio refractivity and its refractivity gradient. The highest value of -1.093E+26 N-units/km was recorded in January, while the month of July experienced the least of about -9.305E+19 N-units/km. The months of January–July verified sub-refractive conditions with propagation conditions having varying degree of occurrence. On the other hand, super-refraction and ducting were recorded mostly between August–December from the study. The results also find applicability in radio engineering for refining VHF/UHF terrestrial links based on clear-air considerations which will support operational planning of terrestrial radio networks in Oyo, South Western Nigeria
Keywords: Microwave; k-factor; refractivity gradient; sub-refractive; super-refraction
Distribution and Pattern of an Insurance Health Claim System: A Time Series Approach
Authors: Mashasha Maxwell , Mutize Praise , Mazunga Felix 
Published: May 2022

There is a continuous increase in health costs, thereby increasing pressure on individuals and consequently making the amounts claimed by the insured to be on the increase. In this study, data was collected from a large local insurance company in Zimbabwe for the period from January 2012 to December 2016. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution and future pattern of insurance health claim system using time series approach. Akaike information criterion and Schwarz Bayesian criterion were used to select the adequate model through maximum likelihood estimation methods. ARIMA (0, 0, 0) (1, 0, 1) [12] is the model that was chosen to forecast claim amounts. The use of ARIMA models proves to be an excellent instrument for predicting and capturing the cost trend of health claims which can help in decision making to insurance companies.
Keywords: ARIMA; Box-Jenkins; health insurance; time series.
The Effect of Women’s Mode of Delıvery and Anxiety on Early Mother-Infant Interactıon: A Study from Turkey
Authors: ARASAN Ayse , CAMBAZ ULAŞ Seval 
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of women’s mode of delivery and anxiety on early mother-infant interaction.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consisted of pregnant women who applied to the delivery room of a state hospital between September 2015 and August 2016 (n:324). Sociodemographic form, state anxiety scale and mother-infant interaction form were used in the study.
Results: It was determined that 54.9% of the mothers gave birth normally, 48.1% had high anxiety and the mean score of the state anxiety scale was 41.73±6.79. The mother-infant interaction scale first contact mean score was 8.39 ± 1.92, while the second day contact score was 8.94 ± 1.67. In addition, it was determined that 28.1% of mothers in the mother-infant interaction needed midwife/nurse support at the first contact and 19.8% at the second day of contact. A statistically significant difference was found between mode of delivery and mother-baby first contact scores (p0.05). A significant negative correlation at a medium level was determined between the mothers’ anxiety score and their scores on the mother-baby interaction scale for first contact and second day contact (p
Embarazo adolescente en la etapa escolar. Una mirada desde la Educación Física (Adolescent pregnancy at school. A view from Physical Education)
Authors: Huerta Ojeda Álvaro 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción e interacción de los profesores de Educación Física (EF) con estudiantes embarazadas en la clase de Educación Física y Salud (EFyS). Método: 60 profesores de EF que realizaron clases de EFyS a estudiantes embarazadas en etapa escolar respondieron voluntariamente un cuestionario. El cuestionario fue diseñado especialmente para esta investigación y validado a través de juicio de experto. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con un muestreo no probabilístico. El análisis incluyó un análisis descriptivo y la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (p < ,05). Resultados: El 90% de los profesores encuestados afirman que la clase de EFyS puede ayudar a un buen desarrollo embrionario y a la salud del recién nacido. Sin embargo, también declaran que solo el 58,3 % de las estudiantes con embarazo adolescente en etapa escolar realizan clases de EFyS. De forma paralela, el 31,6% de los profesores de EF que han impartido clases a adolescentes embarazadas declaran que no poseen las competencias necesarias para dirigir estas actividades. Conclusión: Al término del estudio, se evidencia una baja participación de las adolescentes embarazadas en clases de EFyS. Sin embargo, los profesores de EF piensan que las clases de EFyS durante la gestación ayudan a un buen desarrollo embrionario y a la salud del recién nacido como también no generan riesgos para la salud del feto y de la adolescente embarazada. Por último, los profesores de EF perciben que tienen las competencias para dirigir las clases de EFyS durante el embarazo.
Abstract. Objective: To analyze the perception and interaction of Physical Education (PE) teachers with pregnant students in the Physical Education and Health (PE&H) class. Methods: 60 PE teachers who taught PE&H classes to pregnant students voluntarily answered a questionnaire. The instrument was specially designed for this research and validated by expert judgment. The study had a quantitative approach with non-probability sampling. The analysis included descriptive analysis and Pearson's Chi-square test (p < .05). Results: 90% of the teachers surveyed affirm that PE&H class can help the newborn's good embryonic development and health. However, they also state that only 58.3% of students with adolescent pregnancy at the school stage receive PE&H classes. At the same time, 31.6% of PE teachers who have taught courses to pregnant adolescents claim not to have the necessary skills to carry out these activities. Conclusions: At the end of the study, low participation of pregnant adolescents in PE&H classes is evident. However, PE teachers consider that PE&H classes during pregnancy contribute to good embryonic development and the newborn's health and do not generate risks for the fetus and the pregnant adolescent. Finally, PE teachers perceive that they can lead PE&H classes during pregnancy.
Exploring Factors of Absenteeism Among Students Attending Community Medicine Department
Authors: Joshi Harshdeep , Monga Shamim , Raina Sunil 
Published: May 2022

Context: Frequent absence from classes may lead to improper learning and poor academic performance. Absenteeism can make teaching - learning environment unwelcoming and impacting those also who attend classes regularly. Aims & Objectives: To explore factors responsible for absenteeism among second professional students attending Community Medicine Department and to formulate recommendations to deal with absenteeism. Material and Methods : A Cross sectional study was conducted among 132 second professional medical undergraduate students attending Community Medicine Department in a teaching hospital. A self-designed pre validated questionnaire comprising of various sections related to teaching –learning factors was used to explore factors responsible for student absenteeism. Faculty perception regarding student absenteeism and recommendations formulated to deal with it were recorded separately. Data analysis: Data was entered in MS Excel and Chi Square test was used for analysis. Results: Among 132 study participants, majority of the participants (62.1%) were females who were residing in hostels. Highest percentage of absenteeism (40.1%) was during examination time. Extracurricular activities like sports/gym, browsing net and parties were significantly (p<0.001) associated with absenteeism. Conclusions: Absenteeism can adversely affect academic performance and low attendance can demotivate teachers also to teach with keen interest.