bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory placode generates a diverse population of neurons expressing GnRH, somatostatin mRNA, neuropeptide Y, or calbindin in the chick forebrain
Authors: Murakami Shizuko , Ohki‐Hamazaki Hiroko , Uchiyama Yasuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe olfactory placode (OP) of vertebrates generates several classes of migrating cells, including hypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐producing neurons, which play essential roles in the reproduction system. Previous studies using OP cell labeling have demonstrated that OP‐derived non‐GnRH cells enter the developing forebrain; however, their final fates and phenotypes are less well understood. In chick embryos, a subpopulation of migratory cells from the OP that is distinct from GnRH neurons transiently expresses somatostatin (SS). We postulated that these cells are destined to develop into brain neurons. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of SS mRNA in the olfactory‐forebrain region during development, as well as the destination of OP‐derived migratory cells, including SS mRNA‐expressing cells. Utilizing the Tol2 genomic integration system to induce long‐term fluorescent protein expression in OP cells, we found that OP‐derived migratory cells labeled at embryonic day (E) 3 resided in the olfactory nerve and medial forebrain at E17–19. A subpopulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labeled GnRH neurons that remained in the olfactory nerve was considered to comprise terminal nerve neurons. In the forebrain, GFP‐labeled cells showed a distribution pattern similar to that of GnRH neurons. A large proportion of GFP‐labeled cells expressed the mature neuronal marker NeuN. Among the GFP‐labeled cells, the percentage of GnRH neurons was low, while the remaining GnRH‐negative neurons either expressed SS mRNA, neuropeptide Y, or calbindin D‐28k or did not express any of them. These results indicate that a diverse population of OP‐derived neuronal cells, other than GnRH neurons, integrates into the chick medial forebrain.
Pharmacokinetic Characteristics, Safety, and Tolerability of Telitacicept, an Injectable Recombinant Human B‐Lymphocyte Stimulating Factor Receptor‐Antibody Fusion Protein, in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Xie Jing , Fan Xiaoyun , Su Yue , Zhou Huan , Cao Shugang , Zhu Xingyu , Zhu Minhui , He Cuixia , Wang Ying , Fan Ling , Ge Qin , Zhu Juan , Liu Bingyan , Chen Xiao , Xie Yunqiu , Ma Ling , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Juan , Wang Huaxue , Li Zhijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTelitacicept, an injectable recombinant human B‐lymphocyte stimulating factor receptor‐antibody fusion protein, is a new dual B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)/APRIL (a proliferation‐inducing ligand) inhibitor that effectively blocks proliferation of B lymphocytes. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic characteristics, tolerability, and safety of a single subcutaneous injection of various doses (80, 160, and 240 mg) of telitacicept in healthy Chinese subjects. This trial is a single‐center, randomized, open‐label phase I clinical study that includes three dose groups (80, 160, and 240 mg) with 12 subjects in each dose group. The subjects were randomly assigned to different dose groups in a 1:1:1 ratio for a single subcutaneous administration trial. After a single dose, the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of total and free telitacicept was reached within 0.5‐1 days. The elimination half‐lives of total and free telitacicept at doses of 80–240 mg were 10.9–11.9 days and 11–12.5 days, respectively. The formation and elimination of the BLyS‐telitacicept complex were much slower; the median time to Cmax was 15–57 days and was significantly prolonged with increasing dose. Only two of the 36 healthy subjects had positive antidrug antibodies with antibody titers of 1:15. The severity of adverse events was mild or moderate, and no higher treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported. In conclusion, total telitacicept within a dose range of 80–240 mg and free telitacicept within a dose range of 160–240 mg had linear pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Modified local binary patterns based feature extraction and hyper parameters tuned attention segmental recurrent neural network classifier using flamingo search optimization algorithm for disease diagnosis model
Authors: Suresh T. , Brijet Z. , Subha T. D. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn this article, the modified local binary patterns based feature extraction and hyper parameters tuned attention segmental recurrent neural network classifier with flamingo search optimization algorithm (MLBPFE‐ASRNNFSOAC‐DDM) is proposed for the disease diagnosis model. Here, breast cancer, diabetic, chronic kidney diseases diagnosis model is implemented. Initially, images are considered as dataset for disease diagnosis, which is given to the altered phase preserving dynamic range compression (APPDRC) scheme for preprocessing process. This APPDRC is used to preserve local features for boundary detection, thus; recovers image quality. Then the morphological, grayscale statistical and Haralick texture features are taken from preprocessed image with the help of modified local binary pattern process. The extracted features are given with attention segmented recurrent neural network (ASRNN) for classification. Then the weight parameters of ASRNN classifier are optimized by flamingo search optimization algorithm (FSOA), which increases the classification accuracy. This simulation process is accomplished at MATLAB platform. The proposed method, during Diabetic Diagnosis Model attains higher accuracy 16.4%, 21.45%, 30.38%, and 21.01% compared with the existing methods like FE‐ResNetV2DNNMSOC‐DDM and CMVHHO‐DKMLC‐DDM, CNN‐CAD‐DDM, and AD‐CFDRI‐SDL, respectively. During breast cancer Diagnosis Model attains higher accuracy 27.3%, 20.56%, 31.34%, and 25.13% compared with the existing methods like CMVHHO‐DKMLC‐BCM and SVMFE‐OPFPSOC‐BCM, MLPNN‐CNN‐BCM, and DCNN‐EL‐BCM, respectively.
Protein Structural Modeling for Electron Microscopy Maps Using VESPER and MAINMAST
Authors: Alnabati Eman , Terashi Genki , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of protein structures are determined by cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) and stored in the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB). To interpret determined cryo‐EM maps, several methods have been developed that model the tertiary structure of biomolecules, particularly proteins. Here we show how to use two such methods, VESPER and MAINMAST, which were developed in our group. VESPER is a method mainly for two purposes: fitting protein structure models into an EM map and aligning two EM maps locally or globally to capture their similarity. VESPER represents each EM map as a set of vectors pointing toward denser points. By considering matching the directions of vectors, in general, VESPER aligns maps better than conventional methods that only consider local densities of maps. MAINMAST is a de novo protein modeling tool designed for EM maps with resolution of 3–5 Å or better. MAINMAST builds a protein main chain directly from a density map by tracing dense points in an EM map and connecting them using a tree‐graph structure. This article describes how to use these two tools using three illustrative modeling examples. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Protein structure model fitting using VESPERAlternate Protocol: Atomic model fitting using VESPER web serverBasic Protocol 2: Protein de novo modeling using MAINMAST
Energy‐efficient multipliers using imprecise compressors for image multiplication
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Chen Xiaoyue , He Cong , Xie Guangjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractApproximate computing has been deemed to be an effective way to improve energy efficiency for error‐tolerant applications. In this work, a set of approximate 3‐2, 4‐2, and 5‐2 compressors are proposed by, respectively, introducing specific errors to the truth tables of the exact designs to lower hardware cost. Four 8 × 8 and four 16 × 16 Dadda multipliers are then designed and analyzed using the proposed compressors to achieve a significant optimization in compressing partial products, while keeping an acceptable computing accuracy. Synthesis and simulation results indicate that the proposed 8 × 8 multipliers obtain efficient reductions in area, power, and critical path delay, respectively, by up to 38%, 26%, and 8%, compared with the cutting‐edge designs. An application to the image multiplication algorithm is realized to verify the practicability of the significantly optimized inexact multipliers. Two figures of merits present that the proposed inexact multipliers surpass the counterparts in overall performance embracing hardware cost and computing accuracy in image processing. In this work, a set of approximate 3‐2, 4‐2, and 5‐2 compressors are proposed by respectively introducing specific errors to the truth tables of the exact designs to lower hardware cost. Four 8 × 8 Dadda and four 16 × 16 multipliers are then designed and analyzed using the proposed compressors to achieve a significant optimization in compressing partial products while keeping an acceptable computing accuracy.
Early life experience and sex influence acoustic repertoire use in wild‐born, but hand‐reared, captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Bouchet Hélène , Lemasson Alban , Collier Katie , Marker Laurie , Schmidt‐Küntzel Anne , Johnston Becky , Hausberger Martine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly deprivation of adult influence is known to have long‐lasting effects on social abilities, notably communication skills, as adults play a key role in guiding and regulating the behavior of youngsters, including acoustic repertoire use in species in which vocal production is not learned. Cheetahs grow up alongside their mother for 18 months, thus maternal influences on the development of social skills are likely to be crucial. Here, we investigated the impact of early maternal deprivation on vocal production and use in 12 wild‐born cheetahs, rescued and subsequently hand‐reared either at an early (less than 2 months) or a later stage of development. We could distinguish 16 sound types, produced mostly singly but sometimes in repeated or multitype sound sequences. The repertoire of these cheetahs did not differ fundamentally from that described in other studies on adult cheetahs, but statistical analyses revealed a concurrent effect of both early experience and sex on repertoire use. More specifically, early‐reared males were characterized by a high proportion of Purr, Meow, and Stutter; early‐reared females Mew, Growl, Hoot, Sneeze, and Hiss; late‐reared males Meow, Mew, Growl, and Howl; and late‐reared females mostly Meow. Our study demonstrates therefore the long‐term effects of maternal deprivation on communication skills in a limited‐vocal learner and its differential effect according to sex, in line with known social differences and potential differential maternal investment. More generally, it emphasizes the critical importance to consider the past history of the subjects (e.g., captive/wild‐born, mother/hand‐reared, early/late‐mother‐deprived, etc.) when studying social behavior, notably acoustic communication.
Additive genetic variation, but not temperature, influences warning signal expression in Amata nigriceps moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae)
Authors: Binns Georgina E. , Hämäläinen Liisa , Kemp Darrell J. , Rowland Hannah M. , Umbers Kate D. L. , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany aposematic species show variation in their color patterns even though selection by predators is expected to stabilize warning signals toward a common phenotype. Warning signal variability can be explained by trade‐offs with other functions of coloration, such as thermoregulation, that may constrain warning signal expression by favoring darker individuals. Here, we investigated the effect of temperature on warning signal expression in aposematic Amata nigriceps moths that vary in their black and orange wing patterns. We sampled moths from two flight seasons that differed in the environmental temperatures and also reared different families under controlled conditions at three different temperatures. Against our prediction that lower developmental temperatures would reduce the warning signal size of the adult moths, we found no effect of temperature on warning signal expression in either wild or laboratory‐reared moths. Instead, we found sex‐ and population‐level differences in wing patterns. Our rearing experiment indicated that ~70% of the variability in the trait is genetic but understanding what signaling and non‐signaling functions of wing coloration maintain the genetic variation requires further work. Our results emphasize the importance of considering both genetic and plastic components of warning signal expression when studying intraspecific variation in aposematic species.
The extent and magnitude of edge effects on woody vegetation in road‐bisected treed peatlands in boreal Alberta, Canada
Authors: Willier Caitlin N. , Dennett Jacqueline M. , Devito Kevin J. , Bater Christopher W. , Nielsen Scott E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTreed peatlands can exhibit dramatic shifts in woody plant cover when they are bisected by roads, a product of change in the flow of surface and subsurface water; however, the edge effects that roads have on overstory cover remain poorly understood. We examined how road and environmental conditions influence woody cover in treed fens in northeastern Alberta, Canada. We used generalized linear mixed models to explain variation in cover as measured using airborne laser scanning (ALS) data obtained for 48 road‐bisected fens. Over half of the study fens had >10% differences in canopy cover between the upstream and downstream sides. Variation in cover was best explained by a complex interaction between road side, distance, and type, as well as distance to upland forest and open water, in both rich and poor treed fens. Substrate texture (fine vs. coarse) further explained cover in rich fens. Gravel roads appeared to have the most dramatic effect on cover adjacent to roads (0–20 m) in both fen types, with differences persisting beyond 100 m. In fens bisected by gravel and paved roads, differences in cover between road sides tended to be ameliorated within 200 m, except for unimproved roads where changes were more linear. This study demonstrates the complexity of landscape conditions under which roads built through peatlands can cause structural changes in woody cover and the usefulness of ALS data for studying this phenomenon.
Clamshell Palladium(II) Complexes: Suitable Precursors for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water
Authors: Kitamura Takuma , Yamanishi Katsunori , Inoue Satoshi , Yan Yin‐Nan , Yano Natsumi , Kataoka Yusuke , Handa Makoto , Kawamoto Tatsuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of carboxylato‐bridged dinuclear palladium(II) complexes with cyclopalladated 2‐phenylbenzothiazole ligands were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, NMR, IR, and UV‐vis spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and X‐ray crystallography. All the complexes have clamshell structures in which two cyclopalladated 2‐phenylbenzothiazole ligands bound to palladium atoms are in the anti‐configuration arranging the ligands in opposite orientations from each other. The Pd−Pd distances of these complexes are shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii, indicative of the presence of metal‐metal bonding interactions. These dinuclear complexes were used as water reduction catalysts in the photocatalytic system for hydrogen evolution and regarded as precatalysts that are converted into highly catalytically active species.
Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties of Calcium Thiophenecarboxylate Polymers. Structural Comparison with Analogous Lead Complexes
Authors: Masternak Joanna , Kazimierczuk Katarzyna , Kupcewicz Bogumiła , Brzeski Jakub , Kowalik Mateusz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree novel calcium coordination polymers [Ca(2tpCOO)2(2mpa)(H2O)]n (1), [Ca(3tpCOO)2(2mpa)(H2O)]n (2), and {[Ca(3tpacCOO)2(H2O)2] ⋅ H2O}n (3) (2tpCOO− or 3tpCOO− – thiophene‐2‐ or thiophene‐3‐carboxylate, 3tpacCOO− – thiophene‐3‐acetate, 2mpa – 2‐methylpropanal), were synthesised using a self‐assembly method. The obtained polymers were characterised using SC‐XRD, FTIR, UV‐Vis DRS, thermogravimetric and luminescence analyses. The polymer fluorescence studies showed that calcium complexes can emit light of different colours ranging from violet (1) and blue (2) to green (3). The molecular structure of each polymer consists of a calcium ion at the centre of a dodecahedral coordination sphere. The crystal structure consists of one dimensional zig‐zag chains that form a three‐dimensional network via π⋅⋅⋅π, C−H⋅⋅⋅π and O−H⋅⋅⋅O or O−H⋅⋅⋅S interactions. Additionally, a comparative structural analysis of CaCPs with lead(II) coordination polymers containing analogous linkers was performed as part of modelling studies to explore the substitution of calcium ions by lead ions in biological polymers.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Oxyenamides**
Authors: Krieg Sara‐Cathrin , Grimmer Jennifer , Pick Annika Maria , Kelm Harald , Breugst Martin , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn improved route for the highly stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐2‐oxyenamides is reported. The desired products can be accessed in only three steps from aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal as common, readily available building block in a highly modular fashion. The improved procedure has been applied to the synthesis of various acylated and sufonylated oxyenamides. Mechanistic and theoretical studies provide a conclusive rationale for the observed stereoselectivities.
Trends in opioid utilization in Hungary, 2006–2020: A nationwide retrospective study with multiple metrics
Authors: Engi Zsófia , Benkő Ria , Soós Gyöngyvér , Szok Délia , Csenki Melinda , Csüllög Emese , Balog Attila , Csupor Dezső , Viola Réka , Doró Péter , Matuz Mária 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use is well documented in several countries: some countries struggle with overuse, whereas others have almost no access to opioids. For Europe, limited data are available. This study analysed Hungarian opioid utilization in ambulatory care between 2006 and 2020.MethodsWe obtained national drug utilization data on reimbursed opioid analgesics (ATC code: N02A) from a national health insurance database for a 15‐year period. We investigated utilization trends, using three volume‐based metrics [defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), oral morphine equivalent per 1000 inhabitants per day, packages dispensed per 1000 inhabitants per year]. We stratified data based on administration routes, analgesic potency and reimbursement categories.ResultsTotal opioid utilization increased during the study period according to all three metrics (74% in DID) and reached 5.31 DID by 2020. Upward trends were driven by an increase both in weak and strong opioid use (79% vs. 53%). The most commonly used opioids were fentanyl (in the strong category; 0.76 DID in 2020) and tramadol (in the weak category; 2.62 DID in 2020). Overall, tramadol was also the most commonly used opioid throughout the study period. Oral administration of opioid medications was dominant. Based on reimbursement categories, musculoskeletal pain was becoming a more frequent indication for opioid use (1552% increase in DID), while opioid use for cancer pain declined significantly during the study period (−33% in DID).ConclusionsOur low utilization numbers might indicate underuse of opioid analgesia, especially for cancer pain.SignificanceThis study was one of the recent opioid utilization studies using three volume‐based metrics, covering a long time period. To our knowledge, this was also the first national, population level study describing opioid utilization in Hungary. National opioid utilization data suggested not an overuse but rather an underuse of opioid analgesics in a developed, Central European country.
Non‐orthogonal multiple access‐aided MIMO cognitive radio networks with selective reporting
Authors: Yasrab Tamanna , Kishore Rajalekshmi , Gurugopinath Sanjeev 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the performances of conventional cooperative sensing (CCS)‐ and superior selective reporting (SSR)‐based cooperative sensing schemes in a multiple‐input, multiple‐output (MIMO)‐aided non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)‐driven cognitive radio (CR) networks. First, we derive expressions for the probabilities of false‐alarm and signal detection for an optimal detector in the considered MIMO‐NOMA CR setup. Next, we study a constrained optimization problem that maximizes the sum rates of CCS and SSR schemes, with a constraint on the power allocation at SUs. This problem is shown to be a constrained convex optimization problem. Later, we analytically characterize and compare the sum rate performances of CCS and SSR schemes in MIMO‐NOMA CR and MIMO‐based orthogonal multiple access (MIMO‐OMA) CR networks. Extensive computer simulation results are presented which corroborate our analysis, which also quantifies the gain in performance of the proposed MIMO‐NOMA CR network employing SSR scheme when compared to conventional MIMO‐OMA CR systems. Furthermore, we present an experimental study based on RTL‐SDR setup, which supports our theory and also paves way towards a practical implementation of the proposed framework.
A survey on green unmanned aerial vehicles‐based fog computing: Challenges and future perspective
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Gupta Sachin Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the area of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the Internet of Things (IoT), enormous technological advancement has transformed the way we choose to live. UAVs link everything in the modern world, and it is an attractive area for academia to focus on. UAVs are proven to be a boon for the whole world as it provides flying services in critical and medical emergencies. UAVs are futuristic technology that enriches human needs by providing numerous benefits or services to proceed toward the smart world. In UAV‐assisted traditional networks, multiple sensors and flying nodes consume a lot of energy resources, and Fifth Generation (5G)/Beyond 5G enabled devices to excrete high radiations, which may cause damage to our environment as well as our society. So, it is very important to maintain a balance between the environment and modern technologies for a better lifestyle. To maintain this, many steps need to be put further to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, consume fewer data resources, and encourage effective energy‐use techniques. Green UAV‐based fog computing is a promising solution to balance environmental issues and provide energy‐efficient data computation and aerial to ground network communication for building an intelligent world with improved Quality of Services (QoS). This article provides a comprehensive survey on green technologies and applications for UAV‐Fog. We also highlight research issues, current challenges, lessons learned, and the future direction of the UAV‐Fog network.