bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Characteristics of Valve-Controlled Hydraulic Servomotors
Authors: Shearer J. L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A servomotor consisting of a valve-controlled ram connected to a mass plus viscous-friction load is analyzed on the basis of its response to small changes of valve position and external load force. The approach is sufficiently general to enable one to deal effectively with systems in which fluid compressibility is an important factor. At the same time, this approach is helpful in working with simpler systems. A functional block diagram is employed to delineate symbolically the significance of each system characteristic. A sample design problem is worked out to demonstrate how the material in this paper may be applied to a practical problem.
Contributions to Hydraulic Control—6: New Valve Configurations for High-Performance Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
Authors: Lee Shih-Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In high-performance hydraulic and pneumatic systems, three-way or four-way valves of very high precision are required. Conventional spool-type valves used for this purpose have been found to be difficult and expensive to manufacture. This paper describes a new type of metering orifice and several valve designs utilizing this metering orifice. These valves have proved to be considerably easier to make and more trouble-free than the piston-type design with the same performance. Flow-force-reduction methods for this type also are described. The work to be reported here was carried out at the Dynamic Analysis and Control Laboratory and was supported by the U. S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance Contract NOrd 9661 with the Division of Industrial Cooperation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Apparatus for Study of Effects of Cyclic Thermal Stresses on Ductile Metals
Authors: Coffin L. F. , Wesley R. P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In cases in which very high rates of heat transfer exist, as in nuclear reactors, severe thermal stresses can be developed in structural metals. These stresses can be relieved by plastic flow and, consequently, are not regarded as serious when steady-state conditions prevail. Under the action of thermal oscillations, however, cyclic thermal stresses are developed. Depending on the frequency of thermal cycles and severity of the thermal stress, fatigue failure can result. Because of its low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion, 18 per cent chromium-8 per cent nickel stainless steels are particularly prone to this effect. An investigation of this problem has been under way for some time. The object has been twofold: (a) To obtain information so that a particular material may be assessed critically for its resistance to thermal stress-fatigue damage under specified conditions, and (b) to investigate the fundamental aspects of the problem in order to learn more about the fatigue phenomenon. The paper describes the test apparatus developed for this study. A companion paper gives the test results to date and their interpretation.
Stress-Rupture Properties of Some Chromium-Nickel Stainless-Steel Weld Deposits
Authors: Wylie R. D. , Corey C. L. , Leyda W. E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of higher steam temperatures in central-station generating plants has required the manufacturer of power-boiler equipment to use austenitic chromium-nickel steels for the outlet sections of the superheater where metal temperatures are in the order of 1200–1250 F. Since these tubular materials must be fabricated by welding, The Babcock & Wilcox Company has been conducting a test program on the high-temperature strength of chromium-nickel stainless-steel welded joints. The first work to be completed is data on the strength of all-weld-metal coupons of eleven compositions of commercial stainless-steel weld deposits. It is hoped that the data in this report, together with those presented in subsequent discussion by other industrial organizations, will serve as a guide to the Subcommittee on Stress Allowances for Ferrous Materials of the ASME Boiler Code Committee in the selection of allowable stresses for the chromium-nickel stainless steels.
Effect of Certain Elements on the Graphitization of Steel
Authors: Fiorentino R. J. , Hall A. M. , Jackson J. H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to obtain information on (a) the relationship, if any, between the aluminum and nitrogen contents of a steel and the susceptibility of the steel to graphitization, (b) the manner in which chromium influences the process, and (c) the effect of normal amounts of Mn, Si, S, and P in the graphitization of steel. Toward these objectives, twelve laboratory heats of iron-carbon alloy were made from specially prepared melting stock. Various amounts of Al, N, Cr, Mn, Si, S, and P were added to these heats. They were forged to ⅝-in-square bars, variously heat-treated, bead-welded, and tested for graphitization at 1025 F for periods of time extending to 8000 hr. Information on the progress of graphitization in the specimens was obtained by metallographic examination. The data obtained included the number of graphite nodules per unit area (as a measure of nucleation), the average nodule diameter, and the per cent conversion of carbide to graphite—all as functions of time. The evidence generally indicated that the graphitization process, whether occurring in the weld-heat-affected zone or in unaffected parent metal, took place by means of a nucleation and growth mechanism, which envisages a time rate of nucleation.
Frequency-Response Analysis and Controllability of a Chemical Plant
Authors: Aikman A. R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The practical frequency-response analysis of two types of chemical-plant units, and the adjustment of the automatic controllers, are described. Available information on the magnitude, form, and location of disturbances is used to illustrate the effect of these factors on the quality of control actually obtained, and to emphasize that these factors are at least as important as the over-all characteristics of the plant. Even when all information on the disturbances is available, their effect on the quality of automatic control is not always easy to calculate, especially if the system has distributed parameters, but a description is given of an approximate calculation method which yields results of the right order of magnitude in many practical cases.
Frequency-Response Methods Applied to the Study of Turbine Regulation in the Swedish Power System
Authors: Oja V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper describes principles worked out for the design of frequency-power regulation in a power system. The method of analysis is based upon general ideas of frequency-response methods and offers new possibilities for evaluating the regulation properties of power stations. It is aimed to give efficient regulation with the least possible effort. This is attained by matching the feedback data for the governors to the characteristics of the machines and the actual disturbances in the network. This method has been worked out for the Swedish power system. The power system is described briefly, the characteristics of the elements in the regulation loop are given, and the measurements of the frequency-response curve of the power system are reviewed.
TWIN-10: protocol for a 10-year longitudinal twin study of the neuroscience of mental well-being and resilience
Authors: Park Haeme R P , Williams Leanne M , Turner Robin M , Gatt Justine M 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionMental well-being is a core component of mental health, and resilience is a key process of positive adaptive recovery following adversity. However, we lack an understanding of the neural mechanisms that contribute to individual variation in the trajectories of well-being and resilience relative to risk. Genetic and/or environmental factors may also modulate these mechanisms. The aim of the TWIN-10 Study is to characterise the trajectories of well-being and resilience over 12 years across four timepoints (baseline, 1 year, 10 years, 12 years) in 1669 Australian adult twins of European ancestry (to account for genetic stratification effects). To this end, we integrate data across genetics, environment, psychological self-report, neurocognitive performance and brain function measures of well-being and resilience.Methods and analysisTwins who took part in the baseline TWIN-E Study will be invited back to participate in the TWIN-10 Study, at 10-year and 12-year follow-up timepoints. Participants will complete an online battery of psychological self-reports, computerised behavioural assessments of neurocognitive functions and MRI testing of the brain structure and function during resting and task-evoked scans. These measures will be used as predictors of the risk versus resilience trajectory groups defined by their changing levels of well-being and illness symptoms over time as a function of trauma exposure. Structural equation models will be used to examine the association between the predictors and trajectory groups of resilience and risk over time. Univariate and multivariate twin modelling will be used to determine heritability of the measures, as well as the shared versus unique genetic and environmental contributions.Ethics and disseminationThis study involves human participants. This study was approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC180403) and the Scientific Management Panel of Neuroscience Research Australia Imaging (CX2019-05). Results will be disseminated through publications and presentations to the public and the academic community. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
Systematic review of spontaneous reports of myocarditis and pericarditis in transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Lane Samantha , Yeomans Alison , Shakir Saad 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo determine whether spontaneous reporting rates of myocarditis and pericarditis differed in immunocompromised patients compared with the whole population overall, and in terms of demographics, vaccine dose and time-to-onset.DesignSystematic review of spontaneously reported data from the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), the USA and the UK.Data sourcesEudraVigilance (EU/EEA), Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS; USA) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UK) spontaneous reporting databases were searched from date of vaccine launch to 1 December 2021.Eligibility criteriaPublicly available spontaneous reporting data for ‘myocarditis’ and ‘pericarditis’ from EU/EEA and USA following COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines. Reports with comorbidities or concurrent medication indicative of transplantation, HIV infection or cancer (‘immunocompromised’ population) were compared with each overall database population.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers extracted data. Spontaneously reported events of myocarditis and pericarditis were presented for immunocompromised populations for each data source, stratified by age, sex, dose and time-to-onset (where available). Seriousness of each event was determined according to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Guideline E2A definition. Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated.ResultsThere were 178 reports of myocarditis and pericarditis among immunocompromised individuals overall. Seriousness was comparable between the immunocompromised and overall populations in both databases. No trends in age or sex were observed among immunocompromised individuals. Most reports followed a second vaccine dose and occurred within 14 days. The frequency of reporting was similar to the wider population (PRR=1.36 (95% CI=0.89 to 1.82) for VAERS population).ConclusionsMyocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination are very rare, and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination continue to outweigh any perceived risks. Reporting rates of myocarditis and pericarditis were similar in immunocompromised individuals, however defining characteristics differed compared with the whole population; therefore, continued monitoring of adverse events following vaccination remains vital to understand differences between population subgroups.
Inhaled corticosteroid dose is associated withPseudomonas aeruginosainfection in severe COPD
Authors: Shafiek Hanaa , Verdú Javier , Iglesias Amanda , Ramon-Clar Lluisa , Toledo-Pons Nuria , Lopez-Causape Carla , Juan Carlos , Fraile-Ribot Pablo , Oliver Antonio , Cosio Borja G 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with frequent exacerbations (ExCOPD) are commonly treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and are at risk of infections caused by potential pathogenic bacteria (PPB) includingPseudomonas aeruginosa(PsA).ObjectivesTo investigate the association between the use of ICS and PsA infection among ExCOPD.MethodsCase–control study with longitudinal follow-up that recruited ExCOPD after a hospitalisation due to exacerbation between 2012 and 2020. Patients with isolation of PsA (COPD-PsA) in sputum either during admission or follow-up were compared with those with other or no PPB. Clinical, functional characteristics, DDD, use of ICS and survival were evaluated. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated to PsA infection and mortality.Results358 patients (78% male, mean age 73±9 years) were enrolled and followed up for a median of 4 years (IQR=3–8). 173 patients (48.3%) had at least a positive culture for PsA. COPD-PsA had more frequent exacerbations, more severe airflow limitation and higher mortality (69.4% vs 46.5%, p<0.001). There were no differences in the use of ICS between groups but the dose of ICS was significantly higher among COPD-PsA (median of 500 µg fluticasone propionate equivalents (IQR=250–1000) vs 400 µg (IQR=200–1000), p=0.007). Blood eosinophil count (BEC) was not different between ICS users and non-users. In multivariate analysis, the dose of ICS was an independent risk factor for PsA infection and mortality but not ICS use.ConclusionsICS dose, but not its use, could be a risk factor for PsA infection in patients with severe COPD regardless of BEC.
Benchmark calculations of multiloop pseudofermion fRG
Authors: Ritter Marc K. , Kiese Dominik , Müller Tobias , Kugler Fabian B. , Thomale Ronny , Trebst Simon , von Delft Jan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The pseudofermion functional renormalization group (pffRG) is a computational method for determining zero-temperature phase diagrams of frustrated quantum magnets. In a recent methodological advance, the commonly employed Katanin truncation of the flow equations was extended to include multiloop corrections, thereby capturing additional contributions from the three-particle vertex (Thoenniss et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01268; Kiese et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01269). This development has also stimulated significant progress in the numerical implementation of pffRG, allowing one to track the evolution of pseudofermion vertices under the renormalization group flow with unprecedented accuracy. However, cutting-edge solvers differ in their integration algorithms, heuristics to discretize Matsubara frequency grids, and more. To lend confidence in the numerical robustness of state-of-the-art multiloop pffRG codes, we present and compare results produced with two independently developed and algorithmically distinct solvers for Heisenberg models on three-dimensional lattice geometries. Using the cubic lattice Heisenberg (anti)ferromagnet with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions as a generic benchmark model, we find the two codes to quantitatively agree, often up to several orders of magnitude in digital precision, both on the level of spin-spin correlation functions and renormalized fermionic vertices for varying loop orders. These benchmark calculations further substantiate the usage of multiloop pffRG solvers to tackle unconventional forms of quantum magnetism.

Graphic abstract
Impact of non-universal $${{Z}}^{{'}}$$ in the lepton flavour violating $${{B}}\left( {{B}}_{{{s}}} \right) {\rightarrow }{{K}}^{{*}}\left( {\varphi } \right) {{l}}_{{{1}}}^{{-}}{{l}}_{{{2}}}^{{+}}$$ decays
Authors: Biswas S. , Mahata S. , Biswas A. , Sahoo S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, lepton flavour violating (LFV) decays are one of the most trending topics to probe new physics (NP). The latest results of LHCb have motivated us to study the LFV decays through $$b\rightarrow s$$

b
→
s

transition. The branching ratios, forward backward asymmetries and longitudinal polarization fractions of $$B(B_{s})\rightarrow K^{*}(\varphi )l_{1}l_{2}$$

B

(

B
s

)

→

K

∗

(
φ
)

l
1

l
2

decays are studied in non-universal $$Z^{'}$$

Z

′

model. Here, we have structured the four-fold angular distribution of the decays in terms of transversity amplitudes. The variation of the observables in whole kinematic region shows the sensitivity of NP. The observables estimated in this work are very intriguing and might lead a new track towards NP in near future.
Three-dimensional Gaussian fluctuations of spectra of overlapping stochastic Wishart matrices
Authors: Kuan Jeffrey , Zhou Zhengye 
Published: July 2022

In [I. Dumitriu and E. Paquette, Spectra of overlapping Wishart matrices and the gaussian free field, Random Matrices: Theory Appl. 07(2) (2018) 1850003], the authors consider eigenvalues of overlapping Wishart matrices and prove that its fluctuations asymptotically convergence to the Gaussian free field. In this brief note, their result is extended to show that when the matrix entries undergo stochastic evolution, the fluctuations asymptotically converge to a three-dimensional Gaussian field, which has an explicit contour integral formula. This is analogous to the result of [A. Borodin, CLT for spectra of submatrices of Wigner random matrices, Moscow Math. J. 14(1) (2014) 29–38] for stochastic Wigner matrices.
The Occurrence of Adsorbed Tight Oil and Its Effect on Porosity and Permeability Reduction of Triassic Lacustrine Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Zhou Qianshan , Li Xiaotian , Qian Zhaoming , Chen Guojun , Lyu Chengfu , Ma Xiaofeng , Li Chao 
Published: July 2022

The adsorption of crude oil in the tight sandstone reservoir is significant. Occurrence states of adsorbed tight oil and its pore and throat reduction effect are two significant directions in tight oil exploration and development. In this paper, the occurrence state of adsorbed tight oil and its porosity and permeability reduction effect is systematically analyzed based on a detailed description and discussion of occurrence space, states, changes of porosity and permeability, and its controlling factors. Five occurrence states are recognized based on the differences in spatial location and morphology of adsorbed tight oil. Adsorbed oil is distributed in all kinds of reservoir spaces and primarily concentrated in the

pore
−
throat

radius
<
0.25

μm. The distribution characteristics of reservoir spaces control the occurrence states of adsorbed tight oil. The emulsion form, cluster form, throat form, thin film form, and isolation form are mainly stored in intergranular pores, feldspar dissolved pores, throats, the surface of minerals, and intercrystalline pores, respectively. The massive development of quartz, feldspar, and illite is conducive to the distribution of emulsion form, cluster form, and the throat form of tight oil, while the abundance of clay, especially chlorite, controls the distribution of the thin film form and isolated form of tight oil. The adsorption of tight oil causes clogging in the pore network, resulting in reservoir damage. The adsorption of tight oil in the reservoir leads to increased reservoir density by 0.290 g/cm3 and the reduction of porosity and permeability by 3.14% and

0.321
×

10

−
3

μm2, respectively. And the damage of adsorbed oil to permeability (30.79%) is more severe than that of porosity (19.96%). The effect of pore and throat reduction is more evident in reservoirs with higher content of quartz and feldspar. However, the strong adsorption of clay makes it difficult to separate the tight oil adsorbed on its surface. The nature of adsorbed oil in different occurrence states also can determine the separation efficiency in the extraction process. The adsorbed tight oil with emulsion, cluster, and throat forms is easier to desorb than the isolation and thin film forms. The research results can provide a basis for analyzing the occurrence characteristics and reasonably formulating the development method of tight oil. In addition, it can even provide a new understanding and basis for the densification process of reservoir permeability under different conditions.
Famitinib with Camrelizumab and Nab-Paclitaxel for Advanced Immunomodulatory Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (FUTURE-C-Plus): An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial
Authors: Chen Li , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Wu Song-Yang , Wu Jiong , Di Gen-Hong , Liu Guang-Yu , Yu Ke-Da , Fan Lei , Li Jun-Jie , Hou Yi-Feng , Hu Zhen , Chen Can-Ming , Huang Xiao-Yan , Cao A-Yong , Hu Xin , Zhao Shen , Ma Xiao-Yan , Xu Ying , Sun Xiang-Jie , Chai Wen-Jun , Guo Xiaomao , Chen Xizi , Xu Yanhui , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Zou Jian-Jun , Yang Wen-Tao , Wang Zhong-Hua , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Camrelizumab, an mAb against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), plus nab-paclitaxel exhibited promising antitumor activity in refractory metastatic immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Famitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR2, PDGFR, and c-kit. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel combination of famitinib, camrelizumab, and nab-paclitaxel in advanced immunomodulatory TNBC.

Patients and Methods:
This open-label, single-arm, phase II study enrolled patients with previously untreated, advanced, immunomodulatory TNBC (CD8 IHC staining ≥10%). Eligible patients received 20 mg of oral famitinib on days 1 to 28, 200 mg of i.v. camrelizumab on days 1 and 15, and i.v. nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 in 4-week cycles. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), as assessed by investigators per RECIST v1.1. Key secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR), safety, and exploratory biomarkers.

Results:
Forty-eight patients were enrolled and treated. Median follow-up was 17.0 months (range, 8.7–24.3). Confirmed ORR was 81.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 70.2–92.3], with five complete and 34 partial responses. Median PFS was 13.6 months (95% CI, 8.4–18.8), and median DOR was 14.9 months [95% CI, not estimable (NE)–NE]. Median OS was not reached. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Among 30 patients with IHC, 13 (43.3%) were programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–negative, and PD-L1 was associated with favorable response. PKD1 and KAT6A somatic mutations were associated with therapy response.

Conclusions:
The triplet regimen was efficacious and well tolerated in previously untreated, advanced, immunomodulatory TNBC. The randomized controlled FUTURE-SUPER trial is under way to validate our findings.
See related commentary by Salgado and Loi, p. 2728