bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a single group, mixed methods study investigating the efficacy of photovoice to improve self-efficacy related to balance and falls for spinal cord injury
Authors: Sessford James D , Chan Katherine , Kaiser Anita , Singh Hardeep , Munce Sarah , Alavinia Mohammad , Musselman Kristin E 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionMany individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience falls and a fear of falling, both of which can impact participation in daily activities and quality of life. A single group, convergent mixed methods study will be conducted to examine the effects of a photovoice intervention on falls self-efficacy among individuals living with chronic SCI. Secondary objectives include examining the effects of photovoice on fear of falling, participation and quality of life and exploring participants’ experiences and perceptions of the photovoice intervention through qualitative interviews.Methods and analysisAdults with SCI (n=40) will be divided into groups according to their mobility status (ie, those who ambulate and those who primarily use a wheelchair). The study will be conducted virtually over three consecutive phases, totalling 30 weeks. Each group will self-report falls for 12 weeks prior to and following the intervention (phases 1 and 3, respectively). The 6-week photovoice intervention (phase 2) will be comprised of two photo assignments, two individual interviews with a researcher and a peer mentor, and four group meetings. Participants will discuss these photos at the interviews and group meetings. Standardised questionnaires of falls self-efficacy, fear of falling, participation and life satisfaction will be administered at four time points (ie, beginning of each phase and the end of phase 3). Questionnaire scores will be examined over time using repeated-measures analysis of variance. A semistructured interview will be completed at the end of phase 3 to gain feedback on the photovoice intervention. Qualitative data will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained prior to study enrolment. Findings will be shared through peer-reviewed scientific publications and participant-directed knowledge translation activities.Trial registration numberNCT04864262.
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of primary healthcare workers in Pakistan: lessons from a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Hameed Waqas , Avan Bilal Iqbal , Feroz Anam Shahil , Khan Bushra , Fatmi Zafar , Jafri Hussain , Wassan Mansoor Ali , Siddiqi Sameen 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe existing literature regarding the mental health consequences of COVID-19 among healthcare workers revolves predominantly around specialised hospital settings, while neglecting primary healthcare workers (PHCW) who are the first point of contact for patients. In view of negligible evidence, this study explored the mental health impact of COVID-19 and health system response, and sought suggestions and recommendations from the PHCWs to address their mental health needs during the pandemic crisis.DesignWe employed a qualitative exploratory design.SettingA total of 42 primary healthcare facilities across 15 districts in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan.ParticipantsWe telephonically conducted 47 in-depth interviews with health service providers and hospital managers. A combination of inductive and deductive approach was used for data analyses using NVivo V.11.0.ResultsThere was immense fear, stress and anxiety among PHCWs being infected and infecting their families at the beginning of this outbreak and its peak which tapered off over time. It was triggered by lack of information about the virus and its management, false rumours, media hype, lack of personal protective measures (personal protective equipment, PPE) and non-cooperation from patients and community people. Trainings on awareness raising and the PPEs provided by the healthcare system, with emotional support from coworkers and supervisors, were instrumental in addressing their mental health needs. Additionally, they recommended appreciation and recognition, and provision of psychosocial support from mental health professionals.ConclusionPrimary healthcare system should be prepared to provide timely informational (eg, continuous updates in training and guidelines), instrumental (eg, provision of PPE, appreciation and recognition), organisational (eg, safe and conducive working environment) and emotional and psychosocial support (eg, frequent or needs-based session from mental health professionals) to PHCWs in order to mitigate the mental health impact of pandemic crisis.
Heavy silicone oil tamponade: a multicentre experience
Authors: Davidson Max , Dowlut Samir , Zhang Jufen , Naderi Khayam , Sandinha Teresa , Wood Megan Kay , Schneiders Matthew , Saidkasimova Shohista , Peart Shamfa , Chaudhuri Ray , Gunda Manish , Saeed Manzar , Heussen Florian , Keller Johannes , Tarafdar Sonali , Chandra Aman 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo report multicentred use of the heavy silicone oil Densiron 68 for anatomical reattachment following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair and its associated complications.Methods and analysisPatients from seven vitreoretinal units within the UK that underwent RRD repair with Densiron 68 between January 2015 and December 2019 were identified. Primary outcome measures were primary and final reattachment rate, retained Densiron and failure rate. Secondary outcome measures were duration of tamponade, final visual acuity (VA) and complications of heavy silicone oil.Results134 eyes of 134 patients were involved in the study. Primary surgical success was achieved in 48.5%, while a final reattachment rate of 73.4% was observed. The mean duration of Densiron 68 tamponade was 139.5 days. Mean final VA was 1.01 (range 0–2.9). 8 eyes (6.0%) required long-term topical steroids for anterior uveitis, whereas none of the eyes required long-term pressure-lowering treatment. Emulsification rate was 10.7% (6 eyes).ConclusionThis is the largest real-world study on Densiron 68 in the UK. Densiron 68 facilitates tamponade of inferior retinal pathology and may be considered as an option for tamponade of inferior retinal pathologies.
Changes in interpretation of spirometry by implementing the GLI 2012 reference equations: impact on patients tested in a hospital-based PFT lab in a large metropolitan city
Authors: Kitazawa Haruna , Jiang Annie , Nohra Cynthia , Ota Honami , Wu Joyce K Y , Ryan Clodagh M , Chow Chung-Wai 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) focused on race/ethnicity as an important factor in determining reference values. This study evaluated the effects of changing from Canadian reference equations developed from an all-Caucasian cohort with European ancestry to the GLI-2012 on the interpretation of spirometry in a multiethnic population and aimed to identify the ethnic groups affected by discrepant interpretations.MethodsClinically indicated spirometry in a multiethnic population (aged 20–80 years) collected from 2018 to 2021 was analysed. The predicted and lower limit of normal (LLN) values were calculated using three sets of reference equations: Canadian, GLI-race/ethnic-based (GLI-Race) and GLI-race/ethnic-neutral (GLI-Other). We compared the prevalence of concordance in the abnormal diagnoses (defined as <LLN) for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC among the three reference values, and evaluated whether race/ethnicity was associated with discordance.ResultsData from 406 participants were evaluated (non-Caucasian 43.6%). There was 85%–87% concordance for normal/abnormal FVC and FEV1interpretations among the Canadian, GLI-Race and GLI-Other reference equations. In all ethnic groups, application of the Canadian references for interpretation led to a higher prevalence of abnormal (<LLN) FVC and FEV1compared with GLI-Race and GLI-Other. This trend was more prominent in Black, South-East Asian and Mixed/other ethnic groups when comparing the Canadian to the GLI-Race equations. In contrast, the discordance rates were similar among ethnic groups when compared with the GLI-Other reference equations. Interpretation of FEV1/FVC had a high rate of agreement among all equations.ConclusionInterpretation using Canadian reference equations was associated with a higher prevalence of restrictive physiology compared with the GLI-2012 equations, particularly if the GLI-Race were used. These observations were mostly found in non-white Caucasian groups, highlighting the need to choose reference equations that reflect closely the ethnic mix of the population being evaluated in order to optimise patient management.
Effect of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with cancer treated with anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: Moriyama Shohei , Hieda Michinari , Kisanuki Megumi , Kawano Shotaro , Yokoyama Taku , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Kusaba Hitoshi , Maruyama Toru , Baba Eishi , Akashi Koichi , Fukuda Haruhisa 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCancer treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway (VSP) inhibitors frequently causes hypertension. Although previous reports suggested that the antihypertensive drug renin–angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) may have a positive synergistic effect with VSP inhibitors, the actual impact on clinical outcomes is unknown.ObjectivesThe study aims to clarify whether RASIs exhibit clinical benefits for patients with cancer with hypertension.MethodFrom the Longevity Improvement and Fair Evidence Study database, comprising Japanese claims data between 2016 and 2020, we reviewed 2380 patients treated with VSP inhibitors who received antihypertensive treatment during cancer therapy. The patients were classified into two groups: with-RASI (n=883) and without-RASI (n=1497). In addition, 1803 of these patients treated for hypertension with RASI-only (n=707) or calcium channel blocker-only (n=1096) were also reviewed. The time-to-treatment failure (TTF), the interval from initiation of chemotherapy to its discontinuation, was applied as the primary endpoint.ResultsThe median TTFs were 167 (60–382) days in the with-RASI group and 161 (63–377) days in the without-RASI group (p=0.587). All models, including Cox proportional hazard models and multiple propensity score models, did not reveal the superiority of with-RASI treatment. In the propensity score matching model, the HR for treatment with-RASI compared with that for without-RASI was 0.96 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.06, p=0.386). In addition, the TTFs of RASI-only were not superior to calcium channel blocker-only (p=0.584).ConclusionsRASIs for hypertension do not benefit clinical outcomes during cancer therapy with VSP inhibitors. In addition, RASIs and calcium channel blockers have comparable clinical efficacy as first-line antihypertensive.
Hepatitis A and B vaccine uptake and immunisation among men who have sex with men seeking PrEP: a substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial
Authors: Le Turnier Paul , Charreau Isabelle , Gabassi Audrey , Carette Diane , Cotte Laurent , Pialoux Gilles , Tremblay Cécile , Spire Bruno , Chaix Marie-Laure , Meyer Laurence , Capitant Catherine , Delaugerre Constance , Raffi François , Molina Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2022

Vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is recommended in men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed HAV and HBV vaccine uptake in the non-immune participants and their immunisation during follow-up of the ANRS IPERGAY (Intervention Préventive de l'Exposition aux Risques avec et pour les Gays) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial.During the ANRS IPERGAY trial among MSM (NCT 01473472), vaccination against HAV and HBV was offered free of charge to all non-immune participants at baseline. We assessed anti-HAV IgGs and anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibodies (Abs) at baseline, 1–3 months after each vaccine dose and on the last follow-up visit. Vaccination uptake and immunisation were analysed in non-immune participants with at least 6 months of follow-up after the 1st vaccine dose.A total of 427 MSM with a median age of 34.8 years were analysed. Median follow-up was 2.2 years (Q1–Q3, 1.6–2.9). Absence of anti-HAV IgG at baseline (50.4%, 215/427) was associated with younger age (p=0.0001). Among HAV non-immune participants, 96.1% (197/205) received one or more vaccine doses and 91.0% (172/189) received two vaccine doses. Among HBV non-immune participants, 97.6 % (81/83) received one or more vaccine doses and 78.4% (58/74) received three doses. On the last-visit sample, anti-HAV IgG and anti-HBs Abs were respectively detected in 94.8% (95% CI 90.0% to 97.7%) and 79.6% (95% CI 66.5% to 89.4%) of participants with complete vaccination and in 80.0% (95% CI 51.9% to 95.7%) and 40.0% (95% CI 16.3% to 67.7%) of participants with incomplete vaccination.Vaccine acceptability against HAV and HBV infections was very high in MSM starting PrEP. Immunisation was high in participants with a full vaccination scheme. Physicians must consider PrEP visits as major opportunities to propose and complete HAV and HBV vaccination in at-risk non-immune subjects.
Quasiperiodic oscillation around charged black holes in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Abdulkhamidov Farukh , Khamidov Vokhid , Djumanov Sherzod , Toshov Javohir , Inoyatov Shukurillo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, first, we study the event horizon properties of charged black holes (BHs) in Einstein Maxwell-scalar (EMS) gravity. Then, we investigate the circular motion of test particles’ around the BH in the EMS gravity. We also analyze the effects of the EMS parameters on the position of innermost circular orbits (ISCOs), energy, and angular momentum of the test particles corresponding to circular orbits. We provide detailed studies of the efficiency of energy release from EMS BHs based on the Hartle–Thorne model and fundamental frequencies of oscillations of particles along their circular stable orbits. Moreover, we have explored possible values of upper and lower frequencies of twin-peak quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) around the BHs. Finally, we obtain relationships between the BH charge and the EMS parameters using observational data from the QPOs detected in the microquasars: GRS 1905+105, GRO J 1655-40, H 1745+322, and XTE 1550-564.
Chapter 14. Summary and conclusions
Authors: Copestake Philip , Partington Mark A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An updated sequence stratigraphic framework, comprising 39 third-order stratigraphic sequences, for the Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous of the North Sea, is described by reference to key wells and seismic lines across the UK, Norway and Denmark sectors, and, where possible, to onshore UK outcrops. It appears evident that regional tectonics provided the main control on sequence development, particularly during the Late Jurassic. There is a close relationship between key sequence stratigraphic surfaces and many lithostratigraphic formation and member boundaries throughout the North Sea Jurassic. Four new sandstone members are defined. A biozonation scheme for the study interval is described that provides essential characterization of the defined sequences.
Elevated Methionine Flux Drives Pyroptosis Evasion in Persister Cancer Cells
Authors: El-Kenawi Asmaa , Berglund Anders , Estrella Veronica , Zhang Yonghong , Liu Min , Putney Ryan M. , Yoder Sean J. , Johnson Joseph , Brown Joel , Gatenby Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInduction of cell death represents a primary goal of most anticancer treatments. Despite the efficacy of such approaches, a small population of “persisters” develop evasion strategies to therapy-induced cell death. While previous studies have identified mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis, the mechanisms by which persisters dampen other forms of cell death, such as pyroptosis, remain to be elucidated. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that involves formation of membrane pores, ion gradient imbalance, water inflow, and membrane rupture. Herein, we investigate mechanisms by which cancer persisters resist pyroptosis, survive, then proliferate in the presence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Lung, prostate, and esophageal cancer persister cells remaining after treatments exhibited several hallmarks indicative of pyroptosis resistance. The inflammatory attributes of persisters included chronic activation of inflammasome, STING, and type I interferons. Comprehensive metabolomic characterization uncovered that TKI-induced pyroptotic persisters display high methionine consumption and excessive taurine production. Elevated methionine flux or exogenous taurine preserved plasma membrane integrity via osmolyte-mediated effects. Increased dependency on methionine flux decreased the level of one carbon metabolism intermediate S-(5′-adenosyl)-L-homocysteine, a determinant of cell methylation capacity. The consequent increase in methylation potential induced DNA hypermethylation of genes regulating metal ion balance and intrinsic immune response. This enabled thwarting TKI resistance by using the hypomethylating agent decitabine. In summary, the evolution of resistance to pyroptosis can occur via a stepwise process of physical acclimation and epigenetic changes without existing or recurrent mutations.Significance:Methionine enables cancer cells to persist by evading pyroptotic osmotic lysis, which leads to genome-wide hypermethylation that allows persisters to gain proliferative advantages.
The Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3G Contributes to Cancer Mutagenesis and Clonal Evolution in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Liu Weisi , Newhall Kevin P. , Khani Francesca , Barlow LaMont , Nguyen Duy , Gu Lilly , Eng Ken , Bhinder Bhavneet , Uppal Manik , Récapet Charlotte , Sboner Andrea , Ross Susan R. , Elemento Olivier , Chelico Linda , Faltas Bishoy M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMutagenic processes leave distinct signatures in cancer genomes. The mutational signatures attributed to APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases are pervasive in human cancers. However, data linking individual APOBEC3 proteins to cancer mutagenesis in vivo are limited. Here, we showed that transgenic expression of human APOBEC3G promotes mutagenesis, genomic instability, and kataegis, leading to shorter survival in a murine bladder cancer model. Acting as mutagenic fuel, APOBEC3G increased the clonal diversity of bladder cancer, driving divergent cancer evolution. Characterization of the single-base substitution signature induced by APOBEC3G in vivo established the induction of a mutational signature distinct from those caused by APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B. Analysis of thousands of human cancers revealed the contribution of APOBEC3G to the mutational profiles of multiple cancer types, including bladder cancer. Overall, this study dissects the mutagenic impact of APOBEC3G on the bladder cancer genome, identifying that it contributes to genomic instability, tumor mutational burden, copy-number loss events, and clonal diversity.Significance:APOBEC3G plays a role in cancer mutagenesis and clonal heterogeneity, which can potentially inform future therapeutic efforts that restrict tumor evolution.See related commentary by Caswell and Swanton, p. 487
Building Practical Risk Prediction Models for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Screening with Patient Graph Analysis and Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Anjun , Lu Roufeng , Han Ruobing , Huang Ran , Qin Guanjie , Wen Jian , Li Qinghua , Zhang Zhiyong , Jiang Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:
To expand nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) screening to larger populations, more practical NPC risk prediction models independent of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and other lab tests are necessary.

Methods:
Patient data before diagnosis of NPC were collected from hospital electronic medical records (EMR) and used to develop machine learning (ML) models for NPC risk prediction using XGBoost. NPC risk factor distributions were generated through connection delta ratio (CDR) analysis of patient graphs. By combining EMR-wide ML with patient graph analysis, the number of variables in these risk models was reduced, allowing for more practical NPC risk prediction ML models.

Results:
Using data collected from 1,357 patients with NPC and 1,448 patients with control, an optimal set of 100 variables (ov100) was determined for building NPC risk prediction ML models that had, the following performance metrics: 0.93–0.96 recall, 0.80–0.92 precision, and 0.83–0.94 AUC. Aided by the analysis of top CDR-ranked risk factors, the models were further refined to contain only 20 practical variables (pv20), excluding EBV. The pv20 NPC risk XGBoost model achieved 0.79 recall, 0.94 precision, 0.96 specificity, and 0.87 AUC.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the feasibility of developing practical NPC risk prediction models using EMR-wide ML and patient graph CDR analysis, without requiring EBV data. These models could enable broader implementation of NPC risk evaluation and screening recommendations for larger populations in urban community health centers and rural clinics.

Impact:
These more practical NPC risk models could help increase NPC screening rate and identify more patients with early-stage NPC.
One Man’s Terrorist Is Another Man’s Political Prisoner: Human Rights Organisations, the State and the Persecution of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Russia
Authors: Shestopalets Denys 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article explores the problem of persecution of Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami (HTI) in Russia through the lens of a clash between the state’s security agenda and the human rights defence agenda of civil society actors. It aims to shed more light on the dynamics of the securitization-desecuritization ‘tug of war’ between law enforcement agencies and human rights watch groups which manifested itself in their conflicting framings of this transnational Islamist movement in the context of Russia’s ongoing campaign against terrorism and extremism. Drawing on court documents, legislative acts and statements of public officials, this study looks into the discursive construction of HTI as a key terrorist threat to Russian society. At the same time, it demonstrates how the state policies of ‘maximising’ the danger coming from HTI were countered by major human rights organisations attempting to reduce the intensity of the movement’s securitization even despite its alleged links to terrorism.
Perceptions of Ethnic-Racial and Religious Diversity in Brazil and Argentina and Their Political-Legal Expressions
Authors: Montero Paula , Nicácio Camila Silva , Vaggione Juan Marco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the relationship between religious, racial and ethnic diversity and its scientific, political and juridical configurations. Our aim is to understand how dominant perceptions of ethnic-racial diversity, which can be apprehended through official instruments such as census surveys, are connected to the production of religious diversity and its political and legal governance in Brazil and Argentina. Our hypothesis is that race and ethnic demarcations are crucial in the political and legal process of definition of what can be categorized as a religious practice. We will analyze the constitutional framework historically given to religious freedom and ethnic-racial diversity to demonstrate this connection. How racial and religious diversity is perceived and categorized expresses itself in State responses to control it through State policies. We assume that the differences between these countries in dealing with religious and non-religious diversity strains in various ways the relations between freedom and equality regimes.