bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the proportion of regulatory T cell subpopulations during menstrual cycle and early pregnancy
Authors: Okimura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yukiko , Fujii Maya , Shimura Koki , Maeda Eiko , Ito Fumitake , Khan Khaleque N. , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Mori Taisuke , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProblemRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in diseases occurring in women of reproductive age and pregnancy. Tregs are functionally heterogeneous and can be divided into activated Tregs (aTregs), resting Tregs (rTregs), and non‐suppressive Tregs (non‐Tregs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of Treg subpopulations during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.Method of studyTwo groups of women were enrolled: healthy women aged 20 to 39 years with normal menstrual cycles and patients scheduled to undergo frozen‐thawed blastocyst transfer (FT‐BT) (subfertile women). Peripheral blood samples were collected at day 5 of the onset of menstruation (follicular phase), 0–2 days after luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (periovulatory phase), and 7–11 days after LH surge (luteal phase) from 20 healthy women. From 23 subfertile women, samples were collected at day 5 (the day of BT) and day 14 (the day of pregnancy testing) of progestogen administration during FT‐BT cycle and 9 weeks of gestation if the patient got pregnant. The proportion of total Treg and its subpopulations among CD4+ T cells was analyzed.ResultsTTreg and aTreg proportion expanded during periovulatory phase (p < .01) and after pregnancy (p < .05 for tTreg and p < .01 for aTreg). rTreg proportion was significantly high during periovulatory phase (p < .01) and during luteal phase (p < .01). Non‐Tregs showed no significant change.ConclusionsRTregs and aTregs, especially in luteal phase and after getting pregnant, showed significant changes and may play important roles in women of reproductive age.
Development and evaluation of a novel combined perfusion decellularization heart‐lung model for tissue engineering of bioartificial heart‐lung scaffolds
Authors: Zubarevich Alina , Osswald Anja , Amanov Lukman , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Schmack Bastian , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBioengineered transplantable heart‐lung scaffolds could be potentially lifesaving in a large number of congenital and acquired cardiothoracic disorders including terminal heart‐lung disease.MethodsWe decellularized heart‐lung organ‐blocks from rats (n = 10) by coronary and tracheal perfusion with ionic detergents in a modified Langendorff circuit.ResultsIn the present project, we were able to achieve complete decellularization of the heart‐lung organ‐block. Decellularized heart‐lung organ‐blocks lacked intracellular components but maintained structure of the cellular walls with collagen and elastic fibers.ConclusionsWe present a novel model of combined perfusion and decellularization of heart‐lung organ‐blocks. This model is the first step on the pathway to creating bioengineered transplantable heart‐lung scaffolds. We believe that further development of this technology could provide a life‐saving conduit, significantly reducing the risks of heart‐lung failure surgery and improving postoperative quality of life.
Paediatric major incident triage: A Delphi process to determine clinicians' attitudes and beliefs within the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Vassallo James , Blakey Sarah , Cowburn Philip , Surridge Julia , Smith Jason E. , Scholefield Barney , Lyttle Mark D. ,   PERUKI (Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland)
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTriage is key to effective management of major incidents, yet there is scarce evidence surrounding the optimal method of paediatric major incident triage (MIT). This study aimed to derive consensus on key components of paediatric MIT among healthcare professionals responsible for triage during paediatric major incidents.MethodsTwo‐round online Delphi consensus study delivered July 2021–October 2021, including participants from pre‐hospital and hospital specialities responsible for triage during paediatric major incidents. A 5‐point Likert scale was used to determine consensus, set a priori at 70%.Results111 clinicians completed both rounds; 13 of 17 statements reached consensus. Positive consensus was reached on rescue breaths in mechanisms associated with hypoxia or asphyxiation, mobility assessment as a crude discriminator and use of adult physiology for older children. Whilst positive consensus was reached on the benefits of a single MIT tool across all adult and paediatric age ranges, there was negative consensus in relation to clinical implementation.ConclusionsThis Delphi study has established consensus among a large group of clinicians involved in the management of major incidents on several key elements of paediatric major incident triage. Further work is required to develop a triage tool that can be implemented based on emerging and ongoing research and which is acceptable to clinicians.
Starting school with purpose: Self‐regulatory strategies of first‐semester university students
Authors: Lohani Monika , Pfund Gabrielle N. , Bono Timothy J. , Hill Patrick L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposefulness may facilitate self‐regulation; however, little is known about the self‐regulatory strategies that are implemented by purposeful individuals. Given the multiple regulatory challenges students face in their social and academic lives, a central aim of the current work was to consider how purposefulness and self‐regulation are linked during the first semester of university. This 13‐week‐long study was conducted with first‐semester college students (N = 256) in the United States of America to examine whether weekly fluctuations in purposefulness may be connected to the use of traditionally adaptive (problem‐solving) and maladaptive (rumination and experiential avoidance) self‐regulation strategies. Consistent with our hypothesis, at the within‐ and between‐person level, higher purposefulness was associated with greater use of problem‐solving, lower rumination, and lower experiential avoidance at the weekly level. The findings imply purposefulness is an important individual difference that may explain better or worse self‐regulatory abilities.
Scientific study of the pigments and binders used in mural painting from the 16th‐centuryceSt Mary's Church of Cheriapally, Kottyam, Kerala, and its relevance to conservation
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Singh Manager Rajdeo , Jangid Rajat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to analyze the materials and techniques of the paintings in the 16th‐centuryceSt Mary's Church, to evaluate deterioration of the paintings, and to propose a suitable conservation treatment for their preservation. The material analysis of ground, pigments, binders, and plasters was undertaken using binocular microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in reflectance (KBr) and transmittance mode (attenuated total reflection), thin‐film X‐ray diffraction, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was used for identifying proteinaceous and lipidic materials extracted from the micro‐samples. The study generated data on two different red and green pigments used as decorative materials. The red pigments were identified as cinnabar along with traces of hematite and clay minerals, and green as malachite and the minor presence of other minerals. SEM analysis identified cotton fiber embedded in the coarse plaster layer that provided better strength to the plaster. Plant oils and proteins found as the binder in the pigment samples suggested that the painting technique was executed as tempera. Lead white and gypsum materials were used in previous restoration works.
Pollution in strategic multilateral exchange: Taxing emissions or trading on permit markets?
Authors: Julien Ludovic A. , Kabré Anicet B. , de Mesnard Louis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe introduce polluting emissions in a sequential noncooperative oligopoly model of bilateral exchange. In one sector, a leader and a follower use polluting technologies which create negative externalities on the payoffs of strategic traders who belong to the other sector. By modeling emissions as a negative externality, we show that the leader pollutes more (less) than the follower when strategies are substitutes (complements). Then, we consider the implementation of public policies to control the levels of emissions, namely, two taxation mechanisms and a permit market. We study the effects of these public policies. Moreover, we determine the conditions under which these public policies can implement a Pareto‐improving allocation.
Bitcoin adoption and beliefs in Canada
Authors: Balutel Daniela , Henry Christopher , Vásquez Jorge , Voia Marcel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe develop a tractable model of Bitcoin adoption with network effects and social learning, which we then connect to unique data from the Bank of Canada's Bitcoin Omnibus Survey for the years 2017 and 2018. The model determines how the probability of Bitcoin adoption depends on: (i) network effects, (ii) individual learning effects and (iii) social learning effects. After accounting for the endogeneity of beliefs, we find that both network effects and individual learning effects have a positive and significant direct impact on Bitcoin adoption, whereas the role of social learning is to ameliorate the marginal effect of the network size on the likelihood of adoption. In particular, in 2017 and 2018, a one percentage point increase in the network size increased the probability of adoption by 0.45 and 0.32 percentage points, respectively. Similarly, a one percentage point increase in Bitcoin beliefs increased the probability of adoption by 0.43 and 0.72 percentage points. Our results suggest that network effects, individual learning and social learning were important drivers of Bitcoin adoption in 2017 and 2018 in Canada.
Hospitalized children's perceptions of legacy: ‘A symbol of yourself that you leave behind’
Authors: Dunbar Jenna E. , Jones Maile T. , Boles Jessika C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLegacy building is a developmentally grounded, trauma‐informed and family‐centred psychosocial intervention designed to bolster patient and family resilience through collaborative activities and meaning making. However, little is known about the effects of these interventions, partially because of a lack of clarity regarding how children of different developmental levels understand the concept of legacy. Therefore, this study explored the ways in which hospitalized children defined the concept of legacy.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 45 hospitalized children (ages 6 to 18 years) on the acute and critical care units of an academic children's medical centre. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim; transcripts were independently coded by at least two members of the research team using an inductive, line‐by‐line approach; and codes were categorized and assembled into four overarching themes, resulting in a developmental typology of the concept of legacy.ResultsParticipants described legacy as (1) concepts, actions or feelings motivated by the future; (2) represented through both tangible and intangible means; (3) informed by personal, educational, experiential and ideological sources; and (4) experienced as good, bad or neutral.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate that hospitalized children are aware of and can articulate an emerging concept of legacy – one that mirrors the progression of cognitive complexity shaped by their unique personal life and healthcare experiences. The developmental typology presented in this study can be a useful starting point for clinicians as they present and facilitate legacy building interventions throughout a child's hospital stay.
Practical application of disease risk analysis for reintroducing gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Isle Royale National Park, USA
Authors: Verant Michelle L. , Wolf Tiffany M. , Romanski Mark C. , Moore Seth , Mayer Treana , Munderloh Ulrike G. , Price Lisa D. , Lejeune Mandigandan , Patterson Brent R. , Beyer Dean E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvaluation of disease risks associated with wildlife translocations is important for minimizing unintended harm and achieving conservation goals. A framework for disease risk analysis (DRA) has been developed by the World Organization for Animal Health and International Union for Conservation of Nature, but applications for planning and implementation in wildlife conservation projects are limited. To fill this gap, we describe a DRA we conducted to identify, assess, and mitigate disease risks associated with reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Isle Royale National Park (IRNP). A total of 19 wolves were translocated from multiple locations within the Great Lakes Region to IRNP between September 2018 and September 2019. Integration of the DRA into project planning and use of diverse expertise among project personnel enabled a timely and cost‐effective process that facilitated multidisciplinary and cross‐cultural collaboration, transparent communication about risks and uncertainties, and practical management of disease risks for wildlife and personnel. Engaging disease experts and experienced field biologists in the assessment also helped to identify and account for potential sources of bias. We hope practical examples like this encourage wider adoption of DRA principles in translocations of wildlife for conservation purposes.
Citizen science reveals meteorological determinants of frog calling at a continental scale
Authors: Thompson Maureen M. , Rowley Jodi J. L. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Callaghan Corey T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimHere we investigate the strength of the relationships between meteorological factors and calling behaviour of 100 Australian frog species using continent‐wide citizen science data. First, we use this dataset to quantify the meteorological factors that best predict frog calling. Second, we investigate the strength of interactions among predictor variables. Third, we assess whether frog species cluster into distinct groups based on shared drivers of calling.LocationAustralia.MethodTo assess the relationship between calling and meteorological traits, we used spatio‐temporal subsampling (daily data fitted to 10 km2grid cells) of call and meteorological data as inputs to a boosted regression tree. We scaled the model outputs, which created a descriptive ranking of predictor importance. For strongly day‐driven species, we conducted further analyses to examine the influences of meteorological factors within the breeding season.ResultsWe found a strong seasonal signal, with day of year the strongest relationship to calling in 67 out of our 100 species, moderate relationships between temperature and calling, and weak relationships between rainfall and calling. Despite the common narratives, we found that frogs did not group into distinct categories based upon the influence of meteorological factors. For strongly day‐driven species, we found similar patterns within the breeding season.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate the importance of day of year and temperature thresholds in predicting frog calling behaviour in Australia. Understanding how meteorological conditions influence phenological events, such as breeding, will be increasingly important considering the rapid changes in environmental conditions and stability throughout most of the world, and how important breeding is to species survival.
Critical reflections on The Right to Sex: A review essay
Authors: Watson Lori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review essay engages with Amia Srinivasan's The Right to Sex, aiming to explore some of the main lines of argument. I share Srinivasan's view that no one has a right to sex and raise some questions and reflections about how to think about the basis of exclusion some people experience. Further, I raise questions and concerns regarding the prison abolishment argument she offers.
Prognosis of mucinous colon cancer is determined by histological biomarkers rather than microsatellite instability
Authors: van Zwam Peter H. , Vink‐Börger Elisa M. , Bronkhorst Carolien M. , de Bruine Adriaan P. , van der Wurff Anneke A. , Rutten Harm J.T. , Lemmens Valery E.P.P. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Hugen Niek 
Published: October 2022

The prognostic value of microsatellite instability (MSI), as well as other histological characteristics such as lymphovascular invasion (LI), perineural invasion (PNI) and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), is unclear in colorectal mucinous carcinoma (MC). This study aims to determine the relevance of these factors in MC patients and analyses the role of MSI in stage III MC patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. A cohort of 650 patients diagnosed with stages I–IV colonic MC from 2000 to 2010 was selected from PALGA, the nationwide Dutch pathology databank. Histopathology was revised and mismatch repair (MMR) status determined. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Deficient MMR (dMMR) was found in 33% of MCs and correlated with female gender and right‐sidedness, but also with lower tumour stage (stages I/II: 73.2 versus 47%; P < 0.0001) and the absence of EMVI (9.7 versus 23.7%; P < 0.0001) and PNI (5.6 versus 12.7%; P = 0.005). On univariate analysis OS was better for dMMR MC than for proficient MMR (pMMR) MC (median OS of 9.7 versus 5.0 years; P = 0.009), but MMR status was no longer a relevant prognostic factor on multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–1.18]. Stage III MC patients benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy, and dMMR status was associated with better OS in this group (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13–0.94). EMVI, LI and PNI, but not MMR, status are independent prognostic factors for survival in MC patients. Stage III MC patients benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy and dMMR status is associated with improved survival when adjuvant chemotherapy is given.
Thermal‐exchange HLA‐E multimers reveal specificity in HLA‐E and NKG2A/CD94 complex interactions
Authors: Ruibal Paula , Derksen Ian , van Wolfswinkel Marjolein , Voogd Linda , Franken Kees L. M. C. , El Hebieshy Angela F. , van Hall Thorbald , Schoufour Tom A. W. , Wijdeven Ruud H. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Scheeren Ferenc A. , Joosten Simone A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in HLA‐E‐restricted T‐cell responses as a possible novel, highly conserved, vaccination targets in the context of infectious and malignant diseases. The developing field of HLA multimers for the detection and study of peptide‐specific T cells has allowed the in‐depth study of TCR repertoires and molecular requirements for efficient antigen presentation and T‐cell activation. In this study, we developed a method for efficient peptide thermal exchange on HLA‐E monomers and multimers allowing the high‐throughput production of HLA‐E multimers. We optimized the thermal‐mediated peptide exchange, and flow cytometry staining conditions for the detection of TCR and NKG2A/CD94 receptors, showing that this novel approach can be used for high‐throughput identification and analysis of HLA‐E‐binding peptides which could be involved in T‐cell and NK cell‐mediated immune responses. Importantly, our analysis of NKG2A/CD94 interaction in the presence of modified peptides led to new molecular insights governing the interaction of HLA‐E with this receptor. In particular, our results reveal that interactions of HLA‐E with NKG2A/CD94 and the TCR involve different residues. Altogether, we present a novel HLA‐E multimer technology based on thermal‐mediated peptide exchange allowing us to investigate the molecular requirements for HLA‐E/peptide interaction with its receptors.
Low‐molecular weight inhibitors of the alternative complement pathway
Authors: Schubart Anna , Flohr Stefanie , Junt Tobias , Eder Jörg 
Published: October 2022

SummaryDysregulation of the alternative complement pathway predisposes individuals to a number of diseases. It can either be evoked by genetic alterations in or by stabilizing antibodies to important pathway components and typically leads to severe diseases such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, and age‐related macular degeneration. In addition, the alternative pathway may also be involved in many other diseases where its amplifying function for all complement pathways might play a role. To identify specific alternative pathway inhibitors that qualify as therapeutics for these diseases, drug discovery efforts have focused on the two central proteases of the pathway, factor B and factor D. Although drug discovery has been challenging for a number of reasons, potent and selective low‐molecular weight (LMW) oral inhibitors have now been discovered for both proteases and several molecules are in clinical development for multiple complement‐mediated diseases. While the clinical development of these inhibitors initially focuses on diseases with systemic and/or peripheral tissue complement activation, the availability of LMW inhibitors may also open up the prospect of inhibiting complement in the central nervous system where its activation may also play an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases.
An Interrogation into the Need for a New Definition for the Artist‐Teacher in Adult Community Learning
Authors: Cairns Abbie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany have defined the artist‐teacher, most notable Alan Thornton (2013), who outlines the artist‐teacher as an individual who practices making art and teaching art and is dedicated to both activities as a practitioner. However, this definition does not specifically define the artist‐teacher in adult community learning (ACL). This article considers if this definition is applicable to artist‐teachers working in this sector. ACL has its own qualities that set it apart from other educational sectors, such as secondary and higher education, including precarious work hours (Westminster Hall 2021). This article interrogates if these affect the identity of the artist‐teachers working in ACL, and thus how they need to be defined. In this article, several similar terms and definitions are considered for their applicability to the artist‐teacher in ACL and results from artist‐teacher participants in relation to this are analyzed.
Streamlined approach for assessing embedded consumption of lithium and cobalt in the United States
Authors: Alonso Elisa , Pineault David , Nassar Nedal T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn today's complex global supply chains, time and data intensive analyses are required to understand global flows of mineral commodities from mine to consumer, particularly for mineral commodities in products (electronics, automobiles, etc.) that contain multiple parts with many mineral commodities. National and regional analyses require additional time and data to incorporate international trade flows. However, data limitations and time constraints often prohibit global and national material flow analyses for minor metals. Here we present a methodological approach to circumvent these constraints by utilizing readily available industry‐level global data from the United Nations Statistics Division and national industrial data to estimate total requirements for a mineral commodity. We apply this approach to lithium and cobalt use in the United States for the year 2018 and distinguish between apparent raw material consumption versus inferred embedded consumption of lithium and cobalt materials in all forms. The results show that more than half of the United States’ total requirements for both lithium and cobalt is in parts and products that were manufactured outside the United States. In large part, this is due to limited US manufacturing capability for lithium‐ion battery materials and cells and the United States’ high import reliance for electronics that use those batteries.