bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnO Nanomaterials and Ionic Zn Partition within Wastewater Sludge Investigated by Isotopic Labeling
Authors: Gomez‐Gonzalez Miguel A. , Rehkämper Mark , Han Zexiang , Ryan Mary P. , Laycock Adam , Porter Alexandra E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing commercial use of engineered zinc oxide nanomaterials necessitates a thorough understanding of their behavior following their release into wastewater. Herein, the fates of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ionic Zn in a real primary sludge collected from a municipal wastewater system are studied via stable isotope tracing at an environmentally relevant spiking concentration of 15.2 µg g−1. Due to rapid dissolution, nanoparticulate ZnO does not impart particle‐specific effects, and the Zn ions from NP dissolution and ionic Zn display indistinguishable behavior as they partition equally between the solid, liquid, and ultrafiltrate phases of the sludge over a 4‐h incubation period. This work provides important constraints on the behavior of engineered ZnO nanomaterials in primary sludge—the first barrier in a wastewater treatment plant—at low, realistic concentrations. As the calculated solid–liquid partition coefficients are significantly lower than those reported in prior studies that employ unreasonably high spiking concentrations, this work highlights the importance of using low, environmentally relevant doses of engineered nanomaterials in experiments to obtain accurate risk assessments.
The long‐term health effects of initiating smoking in adolescence: Evidence from a national longitudinal survey
Authors: Amialchuk Aliaksandr , Sapci Onur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe estimate the long‐term effect of initiating smoking in adolescence on a range of health outcomes later in life. We use the second wave (1996) and the fifth wave (2016–2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and estimate instrumental variables models with school‐level fixed effects, where the instruments are the average rate of smoking among friends and the respondents' perceptions about their friends' smoking. We find that smoking in adolescence has a negative impact on 15 of the 28 self‐reported, diagnosed, and self‐identified health outcomes approximately 20 years later.
Plant communities and potential native phytoremediator species in petroleum hydrocarbon‐polluted desert systems
Authors: Al‐Ateeqi Sarah , Al‐Musawi Layla Isa , Sharma Virender K. , Abdullah Meshal , Ma Xingmao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the recovery of desert plant communities after 20 years of oil‐derived hydrocarbon contamination in desert habitats of Kuwait, caused by the First Gulf War (1990–1991). The hypothesis that certain native desert plant species can tolerate weathered oil‐polluted soils and can potentially function as bioindicators and phytoremediator species for oil‐polluted soil was tested. A field survey of 200 quadrat sampling plots at seven hydrocarbon‐contaminated and unpolluted desert areas in Kuwait was performed and recorded 42 plant species, with Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss., Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb., and Rhanterium epapposum Oliv. as the dominant species. Analysis of plant tissues indicated plant uptake and accumulation of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), depending on plant species and specific PAH compounds. Total PAHs in plant tissues in the most contaminated sites were over 200 μg kg−1. H. salicornicum could develop in both oil‐contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil although their biomass was about 16.7% smaller than usual. However, the plants appeared green and healthy in both sites, and showed no overt stress. The results suggest that some desert plant communities can recover after severe oil pollution and that H. salicornicum may serve as a phytoremediator of oil‐contaminated desert soils. Our results also demonstrated that some desert plant communities could be cultivated in oil fields to reduce hydrocarbon contamination and provide support to other ecosystem services through improving soil quality and biodiversity.
An AI‐based Prediction Model for Drug‐drug Interactions in Osteoporosis and Paget's Diseases from SMILES
Authors: Hung Truong Nguyen Khanh , Le Nguyen Quoc Khanh , Le Ngoc Hoang , Van Tuan Le , Nguyen Thuan Phuoc , Thi Cao , Kang Jiunn‐Horng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe skeleton is one of the most important organs in the human body in assisting our motion and activities; however, bone density attenuates gradually as we age. Among common bone diseases are osteoporosis and Paget's, two of the most frequently found diseases in the elderly. Nowadays, a combination of multiple drugs is the optimal therapy to decelerate osteoporosis and Paget's pathologic process, which comes with various underlying adverse effects due to drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to evaluate the interaction, pharmacodynamics, and possible side effects between drugs. In this research, we created an AI‐based machine‐learning model to predict the outcomes of interactions between drugs used for osteoporosis and Paget's treatment, which helps mitigate the cost and time to implement the best combination of medications in clinical practice. In this study, a DDI dataset was collected from the DrugBank database within the osteoporosis and Paget diseases. We then extracted a variety of chemical features from the simplified molecular‐input line‐entry system (SMILES) of defined drug pairs that interact with each other. Finally, machine‐learning algorithms were implemented to learn the extracted features. Our stack ensemble model from Random Forest and XGBoost reached an average accuracy of 74 % in predicting DDIs. It was superior to individual models as well as previous methods in terms of most measurement metrics. This study showed the potential of AI models in predicting DDIs of Osteoporosis‐Paget's disease in particular, and other diseases in general.
Hereditary myopathies associated with hematological abnormalities
Authors: Beecher Grayson , Fleming Mark D. , Liewluck Teerin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe diagnostic evaluation of a patient with suspected hereditary muscle disease can be challenging. Clinicians rely largely on clinical history and examination features, with additional serological, electrodiagnostic, radiologic, histopathologic, and genetic investigations assisting in definitive diagnosis. Hematological testing is inexpensive and widely available, but frequently overlooked in the hereditary myopathy evaluation. Hematological abnormalities are infrequently encountered in this setting; however, their presence provides a valuable clue, helps refine the differential diagnosis, tailors further investigation, and assists interpretation of variants of uncertain significance. A diverse spectrum of hematological abnormalities is associated with hereditary myopathies, including anemias, leukocyte abnormalities, and thrombocytopenia. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis in certain glycolytic enzymopathies co‐occurs with hemolytic anemia, often chronic and mild in phosphofructokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiencies, or acute and fever‐associated in aldolase‐A and triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Sideroblastic anemia, commonly severe, accompanies congenital‐to‐childhood onset mitochondrial myopathies including Pearson marrow‐pancreas syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia phenotypes. Congenital megaloblastic macrocytic anemia and mitochondrial dysfunction characterize SFXN4‐related myopathy. Neutropenia, chronic or cyclical, with recurrent infections, infantile‐to‐childhood onset skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy are typical of Barth syndrome, while chronic neutropenia without infection occurs rarely in DNM2‐centronuclear myopathy. Peripheral eosinophilia may accompany eosinophilic inflammation in recessive calpainopathy. Lipid accumulation in leukocytes on peripheral blood smear (Jordans' anomaly) is pathognomonic for neutral lipid storage diseases. Mild thrombocytopenia occurs in autosomal dominant, childhood‐onset STIM1 tubular aggregate myopathy, STIM1 and ORAI1 deficiency syndromes, and GNE myopathy. Herein, we review these hereditary myopathies in which hematological features play a prominent role.
Registration of sugar beet mapping populations CN239, CN240, and CN241 segregating for resistance to Heterodera schachtii from sea beet
Authors: Richardson Kelley Lynne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) mapping populations CN239 (Reg. no. MP‐1, NSL 540835 MAP), CN240 (Reg. no. MP‐2, NSL 540836 MAP), and CN241 (Reg. no. MP‐3, NSL 540837 MAP) segregate for sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN) resistance and were developed by the USDA‐ARS at Salinas, CA. Our first objective was to compare soil for greenhouse screening: naturally infested (SBCN‐infested field) and artificially inoculated (pasteurized with Heterodera schachtii cysts added). Commercial and USDA‐ARS lines were grown in each diluted to 20 cysts g−1. Each was rinsed to collect cysts. The USDA‐ARS lines were kept until cyst counts were completed, in preparation for the second objective: make crosses with individuals of known SBCN reaction. A beet plant can have thousands of flowers, making traits heterogenous. For genetic studies, resistance must be confirmed prior to crossing, or progeny could have unexpected segregation. 7927‐4‐308D seedlings with low cyst counts (2–17 cysts) were selected as the SBCN‐resistant donor parent in mapping populations CN239, CN240, and CN241. 7927‐4‐308D resistance is derived from composite crosses between sugar beet and over 40 Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. accessions. CN239 combined 7927‐4‐308D with 0747 (elite line) plants with high counts (115–148 cysts). CN240 combined 7927‐4‐308D with CN12‐446 (SBCN resistant) plants with low counts (11–26 cysts). Allelism between 7927‐4‐308D and CN12‐446 is undetermined. CN241 combined 7927‐4‐308D with a 7927‐4‐309E plant with high count (54 cysts). 7927‐4‐309E is a sister line of 7927‐4‐308D but is SBCN susceptible.
Psychological distress and experiences of Adolescents and Young Adults with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Glidden Camille , Howden Kaitlyn , Romanescu Razvan G. , Hatala Andrew , Scott Ian , Deleemans Julie M. , Chalifour Karine , Eaton Geoff , Gupta Abha A. , Bolton James M. , Garland Sheila N. , Mahar Alyson L. , Oberoi Sapna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated prevalence of psychological distress, factors associated with distress, and experiences of Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It also compared distress in this group to previously surveyed Canadian AYAs with cancer in 2018 by the Young Adults with Cancer in their Prime (YACPRIME) study.MethodsA cross‐sectional, online, self‐administered survey of AYAs diagnosed with cancer between 15 and 39 years of age was conducted. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Associations between variables and high psychological distress (K10 ≥ 25), and comparison of prevalence of psychological distress with the YACPRIME study were done using multivariable logistic regression. Summative qualitative content analysis analyzed participant experiences during this pandemic.ResultsWe included 805 participants. High psychological distress was present in over two‐thirds of the group (68.0%; 95% CI, 64.7%–71.2%). Employment impact during pandemic (AOR (adjusted odds ratio), 2.16; 95% CI, 1.41–3.31) and hematologic malignancy (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI 1.08–2.97) were associated with higher psychological distress, while older age [AOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99] and personal income < $40,000 (AOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24–0.58) were associated with lower distress. Adjusted odds of experiencing psychological distress among AYAs with cancer during pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic years was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.36–2.53). Overarching themes of pandemic experiences included: inferior quality of life, impairment of cancer care, COVID‐19 related concerns and extreme social isolation.ConclusionAYAs diagnosed with cancer are experiencing high psychological distress during this pandemic. Distress screening and evidence‐based interventions to alleviate distress are essential.
Influence of Limonene from Orange Peel in Poly (Ethylene Oxide) PEO/I−/I3− Based Nanocrystalline Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Shanmgam Ganesan , Mathew Vinod , Selvaraj Balamurugan , Thanikachalam Pushpa Malini , Kim Jaekook , Pichai Maruthamuthu , Natarajan Arumugam , Almansour Abdulrahman I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel method of introducing a Limonene obtained from orange fruit skin (Lim) is successfully incorporated in Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) with KI and I2 redox couple and employed in a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ ray diffraction (XRD) Ultra violet‐visible spectrum (UV‐Visible), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies described the influence of Lim on ionic conductivity and the photovoltaic properties of the PEO/KI/I2 system. The temperature‐dependent conduction mechanism of ionic motion and ionic interactions as a function of frequency has been studied. The dielectric behavior of the electrolyte samples were carried out over a wide frequency range (∼1 MHz to 20 Hz) at various temperatures. A DSSC system fabricated with the prepared PEO/KI/I2/Lim polymer electrolyte facilitating a fill factor of 0.52, a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 14.1 mAcm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 795 mV yields the achieved solar to electrical energy conversion efficiency of 5.83 % under irradiation of 1 sun (100 mWcm−2). The compound Lim thus effectively enhanced the ionic conductivity of the composite polymer electrolyte and hence the photovoltaic performance of the fabricated DSSC.
The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Waller Pamela , Lomnicka Izabela , Lucas Cam , Johnson Sara , Dirikolu Levent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/BackgroundThe number of publications for most common drug violations in racehorses is limited. This study reports the most common medication violations in racehorses at four major racetracks in Louisiana between 2016 and 2020.MethodsDuring this 5‐year period, 27,237 blood samples and 25,672 urine samples collected during the course of normal race meeting activities were analysed by initial screening procedure utilizing Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Following initial screening, suspect samples were subject to quantitative or semi‐ quantitative confirmation analysis by LC‐MS/MS.ResultsThe total number of violations reported was 534 (1.01% of the total number of specimens analysed). The total number of violations reported in Thoroughbred horses was 210 while the total number of violations reported in Quarter Horses was 324. The percentage of total violations was %0.59 for all the specimens analysed in Thoroughbred horses while this percentage was %1.9 for all the specimens analysed in Quarter Horses during this 5‐year period. The most frequent violations included the overages (concentrations of permitted medications equal to or exceeding the set threshold) of clenbuterol (165 violations), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as phenylbutazone (73 violations), combination of phenylbutazone with flunixin (45 violations) and muscle relaxant methocarbamol (40 violations).Discussion/ConclusionsThe total number of violations were relatively low during 5‐year period, but wide varieties of medications with different pharmacological actions were confirmed in performance horses in Louisiana. The most frequently reported violations in Louisiana were for permitted therapeutic medications (clenbuterol, phenylbutazone, flunixin methocarbamol) with established threshold and/or withdrawal guidelines in racehorses.
Heterogeneity of the Relative Benefits of TICI 2c/3 over TICI 2b50/2b67
Authors: Kurmann Christoph C. , Mujanovic Adnan , Piechowiak Eike I. , Dobrocky Tomas , Zibold Felix , Beyeler Morin , Vynckier Jan , Seiffge David , Meinel Thomas R. , Mordasini Pasquale , Arnold Marcel , Fischer Urs , Gralla Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Incomplete reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is associated with a poor outcome. Rescue therapy would potentially benefit some patients with an expanded treatment in cerebral ischemia score (eTICI) 2b50/2b67 reperfusion but also harbors increased risks. The relative benefits of eTICI 2c/3 over eTICI 2b50/67 in clinically important subpopulations were analyzed.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of our institutional database for all patients with occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) or the M1/M2 segment undergoing MT and final reperfusion of ≥eTICI 2b50 (903 patients). The heterogeneity in subgroups of different time metrics, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), number of retrieval attempts, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and site of occlusion using interaction terms (pi) was analyzed.

Results
The presence of eTICI 2c/3 was associated with better outcomes in most subgroups. Time metrics showed no interaction of eTICI 2c/3 over eTICI 2b50/2b67 and clinical outcomes (onset to reperfusion pi = 0.77, puncture to reperfusion pi = 0.65, onset to puncture pi = 0.63). An eTICI 2c/3 had less consistent association with mRS ≤2 in older patients (>82 years, pi = 0.038) and patients with either lower NIHSS (≤9) or very high NIHSS (>19, pi = 0.01). Regarding occlusion sites, the beneficial effect of eTICI 2c/3 was absent for occlusions in the M2 segments (aOR 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–1.59, pi = 0.018).

Conclusion
Beneficial effect of eTICI 2c/3 over eTICI 2b50/2b67 only decreased in older patients, M2-occlusions and patients with either low or very high NIHSS. Improving eTICI 2b50/2b67 to eTICI 2c/3 in those subgroups may be more often futile.
Increased Rate of Serum Prealbumin Level after Preoperative Enteral Nutrition as an Indicator of Morbidity in Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer with Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Izumi Daisuke , Ida Satoshi , Hayami Masaru , Makuuchi Rie , Kumagai Koshi , Ohashi Manabu , Watanabe Masayuki , Sano Takeshi , Nunobe Souya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative malnutrition is believed to contribute to increased postoperative complications. Preoperative serum prealbumin level was reported to be a predictor of nutritional status and postoperative complications after gastrointestinal surgery, including gastrectomy. Gastric outlet obstruction caused by gastric cancer leads to insufficient nutritional status. However, the impact of preoperative enteral nutrition using naso‐jejunal feeding tubes for patients with gastric outlet obstruction is not fully understood.MethodsFrom July 2010 to June 2020, 50 patients with gastric cancer‐induced outlet obstruction who underwent gastrectomy following preoperative enteral nutrition via feeding tube were included. We investigated the relationship between changes in nutritional status after preoperative enteral nutrition and postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were defined as grade ≥II based on the Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsThe median period of preoperative enteral nutrition was 10 days. The median increase rate of the serum prealbumin level was 10.5% (interquartile range, 0.63–38.2%), and patients with an increase rate ≥ 10% were defined as the elevated group. Postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in the non‐elevated group (P = 0.0031). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that an increased rate of the serum prealbumin level was an independent risk factor of postoperative complications for patients with gastric outlet obstruction caused by gastric cancer (P = 0.0025 and P = 0.009, respectively).ConclusionsPreoperative enteral nutrition improved the serum prealbumin level of patients with gastric cancer‐induced outlet obstruction, and an increased rate of prealbumin can be an indicator of sufficient preoperative enteral nutrition and decreased postoperative morbidity.
A machine-learning-based method for automatizing lattice-Boltzmann simulations of respiratory flows
Authors: Rüttgers Mario , Waldmann Moritz , Schröder Wolfgang , Lintermann Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany simulation workflows require to prepare the data for the simulation manually. This is time consuming and leads to a massive bottleneck when a large number of numerical simulations is requested. This bottleneck can be overcome by an automated data processing pipeline. Such a novel pipeline is developed for a medical use case from rhinology, where computer tomography recordings are used as input and flow simulation data define the results. Convolutional neural networks are applied to segment the upper airways and to detect and prepare the in- and outflow regions for accurate boundary condition prescription in the simulation. The automated process is tested on three cases which have not been used to train the networks. The accuracy of the pipeline is evaluated by comparing the network-generated output surfaces to those obtained from a semi-automated procedure performed by a medical professional. Except for minor deviations at interfaces between ethmoidal sinuses, the network-generated surface is sufficiently accurate. To further analyze the accuracy of the automated pipeline, flow simulations are conducted with a thermal lattice-Boltzmann method for both cases on a high-performace computing system. The comparison of the results of the respiratory flow simulations yield averaged errors of less than 1% for the pressure loss between the in- and outlets, and for the outlet temperature. Thus, the pipeline is shown to work accurately and the geometrical deviations at the ethmoidal sinuses to be negligible.
Neurodevelopmental Differences, Pedohebephilia, and Sexual Offending: Findings from Two Online Surveys
Authors: Jahnke Sara , Schmidt Alexander F. , Klöckner Andrea , Hoyer Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe neurodevelopmental theory of pedohebephilia states that sexual interests in children arise from early neurodevelopmental perturbations, as, for example, evidenced by increased non-right-handedness, more childhood head injuries, and reduced intelligence and height. As corroborating evidence largely rests on samples of convicted men, we conducted online surveys among German-speaking (Study 1, N = 199) and English-speaking men (Study 2, N = 632), specifically targeting community members with pedohebephilic or teleiophilic interests. Although we detected theoretically meaningful sexual interest patterns in an embedded viewing time task, we could not detect expected neurodevelopmental differences between teleiophilic and pedohebephilic men in either of the two studies. Strikingly, pedohebephilic men who reported convictions for sexual offenses emerged as shorter and less intelligent than pedohebephilic men without convictions in Study 2. While elucidating possible third variable confounds, results have to be interpreted cautiously because of the methodological problems inherent to non-matched case control designs.