bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational collapse involving electric charge in the decoupling limit of the dilatonic Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Nakonieczna Anna , Nakonieczny Łukasz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper discusses gravitational collapse of an electrically charged scalar field in the decoupling limit of the dilatonic Gauss–Bonnet gravity. The emerging spacetimes contained Schwarzschild black holes for sufficiently big scalar fields self-interaction strengths. Dependencies of the collapse characteristics on the dilatonic and Gauss–Bonnet parameters turned out to be similar in the case of black hole masses and radii as well as their time of formation in terms of retarded time. In the cases of masses and radii minima were observed, while in the remaining case a maximum existed. The electric charge of the emerging black holes possessed a maximum when measured versus the dilatonic coupling constant and was strictly decreasing with the Gauss–Bonnet coupling. The times of formation and charges of black holes decreased, while masses and radii increased with the self-interaction strengths of the dynamical fields. Values of the energy density, radial pressure, pressure anisotropy and the collapsing scalar fields were the biggest along the hypersurface of propagation of the scalar fields initial peaks. For big values of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant, an increase in their values was also observed in the vicinity of the central singularity within the whole range of advanced time. Non-zero values of the dilaton field outside the black hole event horizon may indicate a formation of a hairy black hole. The local temperature calculated along the apparent horizon was increasing for late times of the evolution and exhibited extrema in areas, where the dynamics of the gravity–matter system was observed.
Predicting subjective well-being in a high-risk sample of Russian mental health app users
Authors: Panicheva Polina , Mararitsa Larisa , Sorokin Semen , Koltsova Olessia , Rosso Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite recent achievements in predicting personality traits and some other human psychological features with digital traces, prediction of subjective well-being (SWB) appears to be a relatively new task with few solutions. COVID-19 pandemic has added both a stronger need for rapid SWB screening and new opportunities for it, with online mental health applications gaining popularity and accumulating large and diverse user data. Nevertheless, the few existing works so far have aimed at predicting SWB, and have done so only in terms of Diener’s Satisfaction with Life Scale. None of them analyzes the scale developed by the World Health Organization, known as WHO-5 – a widely accepted tool for screening mental well-being and, specifically, for depression risk detection. Moreover, existing research is limited to English-speaking populations, and tend to use text, network and app usage types of data separately. In the current work, we cover these gaps by predicting both mentioned SWB scales on a sample of Russian mental health app users who represent a population with high risk of mental health problems. In doing so, we employ a unique combination of phone application usage data with private messaging and networking digital traces from VKontakte, the most popular social media platform in Russia. As a result, we predict Diener’s SWB scale with the state-of-the-art quality, introduce the first predictive models for WHO-5, with similar quality, and reach high accuracy in the prediction of clinically meaningful classes of the latter scale. Moreover, our feature analysis sheds light on the interrelated nature of the two studied scales: they are both characterized by negative sentiment expressed in text messages and by phone application usage in the morning hours, confirming some previous findings on subjective well-being manifestations. At the same time, SWB measured by Diener’s scale is reflected mostly in lexical features referring to social and affective interactions, while mental well-being is characterized by objective features that reflect physiological functioning, circadian rhythms and somatic conditions, thus saliently demonstrating the underlying theoretical differences between the two scales.
Myths and mythconceptions: what does it mean to be a programming language, anyhow?
Authors: Shaw Mary 
Published: April 2022

Modern software does not stand alone; it is embedded in complex physical and sociotechnical systems. It relies on computational support from interdependent subsystems as well as non-code resources such as data, communications, sensors, and interactions with humans. Both general-purpose programming languages and mainstream programming language research focus on symbolic notations with well-defined abstractions that are intended for use by professionals to write programs that solve precisely specified problems. There is a strong emphasis on correctness of the resulting programs, preferably by formal reasoning. However, these languages, despite their careful design and formal foundations, address only a modest portion of modern software and only a minority of software developers.
Several persistent myths reinforce this focus. These myths express an idealized model of software and software development. They provide a lens for examining modern software and software development practice: highly trained professionals are outnumbered by vernacular developers. Writing new code is dominated by composition of ill-specified software and non-software components. General-purpose languages may be less appropriate for a task than domain-specific languages, and functional correctness is often a less appropriate goal than overall fitness for task. Support for programming to meet a specification is of little help to people who are programming in order to understand their problems. Reasoning about software is challenged by uncertainty and nondeterminism in the execution environment and by the increasingly dominant role of data, especially with the advent of systems that rely on machine learning. The lens of our persistent myths illuminates the dissonance between our idealized view of software development and common practice, which enables us to identify emerging opportunities and challenges for programming language research.
Efficacy of Azithromycin plus Glucocorticoid Adjuvant Therapy on Serum Inflammatory Factor Levels and Incidence of Adverse Reactions in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Authors: Cao Yingdong , Dong Binbin , Wang Xuecheng , Wang Chunrong 
Published: April 2022

Objective. This study was designed to explore the efficacy of azithromycin plus glucocorticoid adjuvant therapy on the levels of serum inflammatory factors and the incidence of adverse reactions in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Method. A total of 90 eligible children with mycoplasma pneumonia in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were recruited. They were assigned to receive either azithromycin (control group) or azithromycin plus glucocorticoid (experimental group) according to the order of admission. Outcome measures included clinical efficacy, serum inflammatory factor indicators, lung function, clinical symptom mitigation, length of hospital stay, immune function, incidence of adverse reactions, and psychological status of the eligible children. Results. Azithromycin plus glucocorticoid was associated with a significantly higher total clinical efficacy compared with azithromycin

P
<
0.05

. No significant differences were found in the serum inflammatory factor indices between the two groups

P
>
0.05

. The children given azithromycin plus glucocorticoid showed lower levels of serum inflammatory factors versus those given azithromycin alone

P
<
0.001

. Azithromycin plus glucocorticoid outperformed the monotherapy of azithromycin in terms of lung function

P
<
0.001

. Children after azithromycin plus glucocorticoid therapy had a faster clinical symptom disappearance and shorter length of hospital stay compared with after azithromycin alone

P
<
0.001

. Azithromycin plus glucocorticoid resulted in higher levels of immune function indices compared with azithromycin alone

P
<
0.001

. Azithromycin plus glucocorticoid was associated with a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared with azithromycin

P
<
0.05

. Lower Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) scores were witnessed in children given azithromycin plus glucocorticoid compared with monotherapy of azithromycin

P
<
0.001

. Conclusion. Azithromycin plus glucocorticoid in children with mycoplasma pneumonia can effectively improve the clinical indicators of the children with promising efficacy and high safety, which is worthy of promotion and application.
Thermoelastic Damping Limited Quality Factor Enhancement and Energy Dissipation Analysis of Rectangular Plate Resonators Using Nonclassical Elasticity Theory
Authors: R. Resmi , V. Suresh Babu , M. R. Baiju 
Published: April 2022

Among the different energy dissipation mechanisms, thermoelastic damping plays a vital role and needs to be alleviated in vibrating resonators to mitigate parameters by improving the thermoelastic damping limited quality factor, QTED. The maximum energy dissipation is also interrelated with the critical dimension

h

c

of the plates, and by optimizing the dimensions, the peaking of energy dissipation can be diminished. As the size of the devices is scaled down, classical continuum theories become incompetent to explain the size-effect related mechanical nature at the micron and submicron levels, and, as a result, nonclassical continuum theories have been pioneered with the inception of internal length scale parameters. In this work, an analysis of isotropic rectangular microplates based on the Kirchhoff model and a higher order theory like Modified Couple Stress Theory is utilized to study size-dependent thermoelastic damping and its impact on the quality factor and critical dimensions. The Hamilton principle is adapted to derive the governing equations of motion, and the coupled heat conduction equation is employed to formulate the thermoelastic damping limited quality factor of the plates. Five different structural materials (PolySi, diamond, Si, GaAs, and SiC) are used for optimizing QTED and hc, which depends on two material performance index parameters: the thermoelastic damping index (TDI) and the material thermal diffusion length,

l

T

. According to this work, the maximum QTED is attained for PolySi with the lowest TDI, and hcmax is obtained for Si with the maximum

l

T

. The impacts of the dimensionless length-scale parameters (l/h), vibration modes, and boundary conditions (clamped-clamped and simply supported) on QTED and hc are also investigated. From the current analysis, QTED can be further enhanced by selecting higher vibration modes and clamped-clamped boundary conditions. QTED can be maximized by fixing the internal length scale parameter (l) and making the thickness of the beam equal to l. The analytical study is numerically simulated by using MATLAB 2015 software. Prior knowledge of QTED and hc will help designers to produce high-performance and low-loss resonators for the futuristic technological applications.
Tie2 Receptor in Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages Is Dispensable for Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Relapse after Chemotherapy
Authors: Jakab Moritz , Rostalski Till , Lee Ki Hong , Mogler Carolin , Augustin Hellmut G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Tumor relapse after chemotherapy relies on the reconstruction of damaged tumor vasculature. In this context, proangiogenic Tie2-expressing macrophages have been suggested to serve as crucial instructors of tumor revascularization by secreting angiogenic factors while being closely associated with the vessel wall. Although the proangiogenic nature of Tie2+ macrophages is well described, the functional contribution of macrophage Tie2 expression remains elusive. Here, we employed a Cre-loxP system to specifically delete Tie2 in macrophages. In multiple syngeneic solid tumor models and two distinct chemotherapeutic treatment regimens, macrophage-expressed Tie2 did not contribute to primary tumor growth, tumor revascularization after chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, or metastasis. Exposing cultured murine macrophage cell lines and bone marrow–derived macrophages to hypoxia or stimulating them with Ang2 did not induce expression of Tie2 at the RNA or protein level. Furthermore, a comprehensive meta-analysis of publicly available single cell RNA sequencing datasets of human and murine tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ myeloid cells did not reveal a transcriptionally distinct macrophage population marked by the expression of Tie2. Collectively, these data question the previously reported critical role of Tie2-expressing macrophages for tumor angiogenesis and tumor relapse after chemotherapy. Moreover, lack of Tie2 inducibility and absence of Tie2-positive macrophages in multiple recently published tumor studies refute a possible prognostic value of macrophage-expressed Tie2.

Significance:
Multiple preclinical tumor models, cell stimulation experiments, and meta-analysis of published tumor single cell RNA sequencing data challenge the reported role of Tie2-positive macrophages for tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and relapse after chemotherapy.
See related commentary by Zhang and Brekken, p. 1172
Predictive Markers of Response to Neoadjuvant Durvalumab with Nab-Paclitaxel and Dose-Dense Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide in Basal-Like Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Blenman Kim R.M. , Marczyk Michal , Karn Thomas , Qing Tao , Li Xiaotong , Gunasekharan Vignesh , Yaghoobi Vesal , Bai Yalai , Ibrahim Eiman Y. , Park Tristen , Silber Andrea , Wolf Denise M. , Reisenbichler Emily , Denkert Carsten , Sinn Bruno V. , Rozenblit Mariya , Foldi Julia , Rimm David L. , Loibl Sibylle , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
We examined gene expression, germline variant, and somatic mutation features associated with pathologic response to neoadjuvant durvalumab plus chemotherapy in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (bTNBC).

Experimental Design:
Germline and somatic whole-exome DNA and RNA sequencing, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) IHC, and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte scoring were performed on 57 patients. We validated our results using 162 patients from the GeparNuevo randomized trial.

Results:
Gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways involved in immunity (adaptive, humoral, innate), JAK–STAT signaling, cancer drivers, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair were enriched in cases with pathologic complete response (pCR), whereas epithelial–mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix, and TGFβ pathways were enriched in cases with residual disease (RD). Immune-rich bTNBC with RD was enriched in CCL-3, -4, -5, -8, -23, CXCL-1, -3, -6, -10, and IL1, -23, -27, -34, and had higher expression of macrophage markers compared with immune-rich cancers with pCR that were enriched in IFNγ, IL2, -12, -21, chemokines CXCL-9, -13, CXCR5, and activated T- and B-cell markers (GZMB, CD79A). In the validation cohort, an immune-rich five-gene signature showed higher expression in pCR cases in the durvalumab arm (P = 0.040) but not in the placebo arm (P = 0.923) or in immune-poor cancers. Independent of immune markers, tumor mutation burden was higher, and PI3K, DNA damage repair, MAPK, and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways were enriched in germline and somatic mutations in cases with pCR.

Conclusions:
The TGFβ pathway is associated with immune-poor phenotype and RD in bTNBC. Among immune-rich bTNBC RD, macrophage/neutrophil chemoattractants dominate the cytokine milieu, and IFNγ and activated B cells and T cells dominate immune-rich cancers with pCR.
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Decrease the PD-L1 Expression and Increase the CD8+ T-Cell Infiltration
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this issue of Cancer Prevention Research, Cecil and colleagues show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), celecoxib and naproxen, decrease the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and increase the influx of Type I tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colonic tumors. Importantly, both decrease of PD-L1 expression and increase of CD8+ T cells were associated with the inhibition of COX-2/PGE2 pathway in vitro and syngeneic colonic tumor xenograft models. This study clearly suggests that NSAIDs regulate the intratumoral immunity multiple ways, including suppression of expression of immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, NSAIDs should be considered as chemopreventive for patients with PD-L1–positive colonic polyp.See related article, p. 225
Physical clutter affects the use of artificial ponds by the Lesser Bulldog Bat Noctilio albiventris (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae)
Authors: Rodríguez Juan David , Sánchez Francisco 
Published: April 2022

Bats frequently feed over water bodies, but the net value of the water bodies depends on characteristics such as the amount of physical clutter the water body has. More physical clutter may reduce the detection of prey by bats and may also increase energetic costs by increasing in the number of obstacles to avoid. Consequently, we hypothesized that increasing physical clutter affected the use of an artificial pond where the Lesser Bulldog Bat Noctilio albiventris, a Neotropical fishing bat, forages regularly over water. We experimentally tested this idea recording the number of passes and feeding buzzes emitted by the bats on different nights when we added two levels of obstacles over the water and on control nights with no obstacles. We only found differences between the treatment with the highest obstacle density and the control; there were fewer passes and less feeding buzzes with more obstacles. Therefore, the addition of obstacles did affect the foraging behavior of N. albiventris. Furthermore, we suggest that increasing physical clutter, as in our experiments, may be a cost-effective way to reduce conflicts between local fisher farmers and fishing bats in Neotropical rural areas.
The first record of the genus Plega Navás, 1928 (Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae: Symphrasinae) as a parasitoid of the sawfly genus Monoctenus Dahlbom, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Diprionidae)
Authors: De Lira-Ramos Karla Vanessa , Ardila-Camacho Adrian , González-Gaona Ernesto , García-González Nidia , Contreras-Ramos Atilano 
Published: April 2022

The genus Plega Navás, 1928, belongs to the subfamily Symphrasinae, a group recently transferred from Mantispidae to Rhachiberothidae. This genus is herein reported as parasitoid of the symphytan family Diprionidae for the first time, becoming the first record of association between this neuropteran subfamily and non-aculeate Hymenoptera. This new association was discovered in “Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc”, in the Mexican state of Guerrero, where Plega spinosa Ardila et al., 2019 was found associated with immatures of the sawfly Monoctenus cuauhtemoci De Lira, 2021, a pest in forests of Juniperus flaccida Schlechtendal (white cedar). The neuropteran was found to be the most abundant parasitoid of this symphytan, becoming a potential candidate for biological control of phytophagous sawflies in juniper forests, an economically important plant species for the wood industry in the region. Considering the behavior and morphological aspects of the primary larvae and the behavior of the adults of Plega, three possible scenarios in which the primary larvae of P. spinosa board the larvae of Monoctenus to complete its life cycle are outlined. This finding reinforces the hypothesis of a generalist ectoparasitoid lifeway of the larvae of the genus Plega on larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects.
Presenting Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Disease Evaluation: Association With Noninvasive Test Results and Clinical Outcomes in the PROMISE Trial
Authors: Lowenstern Angela , Alexander Karen P. , Pagidipati Neha J. , Hill C. Larry , Pellikka Patricia A. , Cooper Lawton S. , Alhanti Brooke , Hoffmann Udo , Mark Daniel B. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Patients evaluated for coronary artery disease have a range of symptoms and underlying risk. The relationships between patient-described symptoms, clinician conclusions, and subsequent clinical management and outcomes remain incompletely described.

Methods:
In this secondary analysis, we examined the association between 4 types of presenting symptoms (substernal/left-sided chest pain, other chest/neck/arm pain, dyspnea, and other symptoms) and patient risk, noninvasive test results, clinical management, and outcomes for stable outpatients randomized in the PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) trial. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate differences in noninvasive test result, all-cause death/myocardial infarction/unstable angina hospitalization and cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction by symptom type.

Results:

Among 9996 patients, most presented with chest pain (47.2% substernal, 29.2% other), followed by dyspnea (14.9%), and other symptoms (8.7%). Patients with dyspnea were older (median age 63 versus 60,
P
≤0.02) with higher baseline risk (78.2% with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease >7.5% versus 67.6%,
P
≤0.02). Using patients with substernal chest pain as a reference, there was no difference in noninvasive test positivity across symptom groups (all
P
>0.05), but test-positive patients with dyspnea (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.51–0.85]) or other symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.47–0.90]) were less likely to be referred for cardiac catheterization. While symptom type alone was not associated with outcomes, symptom presentation with chest pain or dyspnea did modify the association between a positive noninvasive test and clinical outcome (interaction
P
=0.025 for both all-cause death/myocardial infarction/unstable angina hospitalization and cardiovascular death/MI).

Conclusions:
Among low-risk outpatients evaluated for coronary artery disease, typicality of symptoms was not closely associated with higher baseline risk but was related to differences in processes of care and the prognostic value of a positive test. Adverse events were not associated with clinician risk estimates or symptoms alone. These unexpected findings highlight the limitation of relying solely on symptom presentation or clinician risk estimation to evaluate patients for suspected coronary artery disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01174550.