bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Determination of Behavioural Characteristics Responsible for Psychopathic Personality Traits
Authors: Adekeye K. S. , Ayodeji O. A. , Adesina O. S. , Okewole D. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abnormal and irrational behaviour called psychopathic traits has eroded our society; it increases daily, thus leading to increased crime. The study focuses on determining behavioural characteristics that may be responsible for psychopathic traits in human beings that have purportedly led to increased crime in our society. A survey was conducted in five selected towns in Osun State, Nigeria, based on seventeen identified behavioural characteristics using a developed structured questionnaire to collect data on identified behavioural characteristics that could trigger psychopathy personality traits. Two personality traits considered in this study are aggressiveness and goal setting, while the considered behavioural characteristics are family upbringing, confidence in government, society values, industrialization, civilization, unemployment rate, technology advancement, socio-political class, impunity, environmental impact, embracing foreign culture based on materialism, religion believes, peer group influence, academic attainment, high wealth procession, family believes, and power intoxication. The data harvested from the questionnaire on behavioural characteristics from the five hundred and eight respondents were subjected to principal component analysis to determine the significant behavioural characteristics that are likely responsible for psychopathic traits in humans. Results from the principal component analysis reduced the seventeen characteristics to family upbringing, confidence in government, society values, industrialization, and civilization.
Further analysis was carried out with binary logistic regression analysis using goal setting and aggressiveness as dependent variables. The results from the binary logistic regression reflected that technological advancement, foreign culture, religious beliefs, high wealth possession, and power intoxication have a significant effect on goal setting, while confidence in government, environmental impact, impunity, and power intoxication have a significant effect on aggressiveness personality trait. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that civilization and confidence in government are the main significant behavioural characteristics that trigger personality traits in the region covered in this study.
In-vitro Biocontrol of Sugarcane Stem Borer (Eldana saccharina Walker) with Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants
Authors: Dadjo Ouattara , Didier Kouamé Konan , Félicia Johnson , Martial Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean , Jacques-Edouard Yao Kouadio , Kouakou Yao , Daouda Koné 
Published: October 2022

Study Design and Objectives: Sugar cane production is threatened by the devastating action of the larval populations of Eldana saccharina Walker. Faced with this situation, the search for sustainable control solutions is a major challenge for sugar producers. This study contributes to the control of the larval populations of the pest through the use of formulations based on essential oils of local aromatic plants.
Methodology: Bioassays on the survival of the larvae were therefore conducted in the laboratory at the Sucrivoire site in Zuénoula. The larvae obtained from the eggs, incubated for 5 days were reared on a nutritional medium and then transferred to empty dishes after one week. Essential oils from the hydrodistillation of three aromatic plants (Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale) were used. Five concentrations of these essential oils (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000-ppm) were tested by direct contact on batches of 10 larvae for a total of 30 larvae/concentration. Dead larvae were counted daily and the mortality rate was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure.
Results: As early as 24 hours, larval mortality was significant (P<0.001) from 2000-ppm for Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils. They caused larval mortality of 63.33 and 80% respectively. Zingiber officinale induced a significant mortality of 80% from 4000-ppm. After 72 hours of exposure of the larvae to the essential oils, the mortality rate increased significantly with the concentration (P<0.001). The lowest lethal concentrations for 50 and 90% (841.77 and 1905.06 ppm, respectively) were obtained with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum.
Conclusion: The use of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale can help to control Eldana saccharina Walker larval borers for better sugarcane production.
Antifungal Potential of Acetone and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Thevetia peruviana on Development of Phytophthora colocasiae, Causal Agent of Late Blight of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) from Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Cameroon
Authors: Essomé Charles Salé , Djuissi Doriane Tohoto , Thierry Molo , Mvondo Dorothée Nganti , Kuaté William Norbert Tueguem , Ngatsi Patrice Zemko , Bolie Hubert , Nsangou Abdou Koné , Heu Alain , Mboussi Serge Bertrand , Ambang Zachée 
Published: October 2022

Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds on the in vitro growth of the fungus.
Study Design: A randomized sample block design containing four treatments (T- = Negative control; T2= Ethyl acetate extract; T3= Acetone extract; T+=Callomil Plus) with three repetitions was used. Plant extracts were used at three concentrations: C1: 12.5 µl/ml; C2: 25 µl/ml and C3: 50 µl/ml; the chemical fungicide at the dose of 12.5 μL/ml.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the University of Yaoundé 1, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, and in the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IARD) of Yaoundé, Laboratory of Phytopathology, during the year 2019-2020.
Methodology: acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of T. peruviana were prepared and used at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 µl/ml. P. colocasiae was isolated from infected taro leaf cultivars "Macumba or Ibo coco" located in three different regions: west, Littoral and Centre. The various explants were were put in V8 agar medium and maintained in pure culture. Mycelial fragments of P. colocasiae of about 0.8 cm in diameter were cut and placed in sterile Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant extracts and incubated at 23±1°C for seven days for the evaluation of the radial growth.
Results: The results obtained showed that the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts have completely inhibited the growth of the strain of West at 25 μ/ml while total inhibition of the pathogen was not obtained with strain of Centre region. The lowest inhibition was obtained with the strain of Littoral region: 93.88 % for acetone extract and 90.78 % for ethyl acetate extract compare to 100 % for west and Centre region at highest concentration.
Conclusion: The acetone and ethyl acetate extracts at the concentration of 25 μ/ml totally inhibited the in vitro radial growth of some strains of P. colocasiae. These extracts, which are effective against P. colocasiae, may substitute fungicides in the fight against taro leaf blight.
Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Treatment of Medial Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Patients
Authors: Hemeda Mohab Osama , Alforse Elsayed Mohammed , Mogahed Abd Alhafiz Abd Alhafiz , Amin Osama Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) involves mainly the medial tibiofemoral joint of the knee as the stresses of weight bearing mainly involve the medial condyle of the tibia: thus, this is the primary site for knee OA. The work aimed to evaluating the results of proximal fibular osteotomy alone or conducted with arthroscopic lavage and debridement for treatment of medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis in elderly patients.
Methods: This study was carried out on 37 cases with knee pain with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis with varying degrees of genu varum. Patients grouped randomly into two matched groups regarding age, sex, BMI and degree of osteoarthritis. Group 1 (n=18) had undergone proximal fibular osteotomy alone and group 2 (n=19) had undergone proximal fibular osteotomy conducted with arthroscopic debridement and lavage.
Results: The mean VAS and mean knee sub scores improved in group (A) and (B) postoperatively than preoperatively (p-value <0.0001). Comparing the two groups according to mean (VAS) and mean knee sub scores, it was found that p-value was <0.001 which was statistically significant. The mean ratio of knee joint space it was found that p-value was <0.001 which was statistically significant.
Conclusions: PFO is a convenient surgical option in most developing countries like Egypt with low medical and financial resources. PFO may delay or even negate the need for total knee arthroplasty. PFO may be A viable alternative procedure for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, especially for patients who cannot undergo TKA because of certain medical co morbidities. Care must be taken to avoid common peroneal nerve injuries. Knee arthroscopic lavage helps in decreasing knee pain and knee improving joint function by washing of crystals and debris that may induce inflammation and pain.
Psychological and Radiological Study of Cognitive Impairment among Diabetic Patients (A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study)
Authors: Hannora Dalia , Seleem Mohammad , Shafaey Rasha El , Issa Mai , Shama Gamal 
Published: October 2022

Objective of the study: To assess the cognitive impairment among diabetic patients and explore the potential alterations in various areas of the brain in a sample of diabetic patients in comparison to normal control subjects.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Neuropsychiatry Department, Tanta University and Centre of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery-Tanta University, at the Diabetes& endocrinology unit in the department of internal Medicine, Tanta University Hospitals and at the radiology department, Tanta University Hospitals during the interval from September 2018 to September 2019.
This study was conducted on two groups Group A (60) diabetic patients compared to Group B (20) normal healthy individuals free from any cognitive impairment matched age and sex using psychometric scales e.g. Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) (American psychiatric association, 1994), Stanford-Binet Intelligence quotient (I.Q) fourth edition, Mini mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test, The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test, Trail making test (Part A& part B)& Stroop color_word test (Computerized version).and diffusion tensor imaging. All subjects aged from (18-65) years old.
Results: patients with cognitive impairment represented 53.3% of the diabetic patients. Most of them presented with MCI (45%), while (8.3%) of them presented with dementia. The most affected executive functions in diabetic patients with impaired cognitive functions are delayed recall, attention, naming and language as assessed by MMSE& MOCA scales. There was negative correlation between HBA1C levels and fractional anisotropy in most of areas of interest of statistically significant value.
Conclusion: The higher HBA1C levels (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus), the more cognitive deficits recorded through psychometric tests& DTI.
Machine Learning Guides Peptide Nucleic Acid Flow Synthesis and Sequence Design
Authors: Li Chengxi , Zhang Genwei , Mohapatra Somesh , Callahan Alex J. , Loas Andrei , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Pentelute Bradley L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are potential antisense therapies for genetic, acquired, and viral diseases. Efficiently selecting candidate PNA sequences for synthesis and evaluation from a genome containing hundreds to thousands of options can be challenging. To facilitate this process, this work leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms and automated synthesis technology to predict PNA synthesis efficiency and guide rational PNA sequence design. The training data is collected from individual fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) deprotection reactions performed on a fully automated PNA synthesizer. The optimized ML model allows for 93% prediction accuracy and 0.97 Pearson's r. The predicted synthesis scores are validated to be correlated with the experimental high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) crude purities (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.95). Furthermore, a general applicability of ML is demonstrated through designing synthetically accessible antisense PNA sequences from 102 315 predicted candidates targeting exon 44 of the human dystrophin gene, SARS‐CoV‐2, HIV, as well as selected genes associated with cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and various cancers. Collectively, ML provides an accurate prediction of PNA synthesis quality and serves as a useful computational tool for informing PNA sequence design.
A NIR ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for sensitive detection and imaging of α‐L‐fucosidase in living cells and HCC tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Feng Weiwei , Gao Zhiyuan , Zhang Gao‐Lan , Wu Xinying , Xiao Yating , Li Xun , Zheng Lei , Ding Dan , Guo Jianshuang , Situ Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetection and imaging of α‐L‐fucosidase (AFU) is of great value to understand its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and tumor early diagnosis, but ideal assays are still lacking. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent biosensor (α‐Fuc‐DCM) was elaborately designed and synthesized for rapid and ratiometric detection of AFU activity in cells and HCC tumor mouse models. In the presence of AFU, this biosensor shows an enhancement in NIR emission in a ratiometric manner, which significantly improves the detection accuracy with the limit of detection as low as 4.8 mU/mL. Taking advantage of these merits, the activity of AFU in lysosomes could be visualized using ratiometric and NIR dual modality in living cells. Furthermore, its remarkable application for monitoring of endogenous AFU activity in HCC tumor‐bearing mouse model is also demonstrated with bright fluorescence signal, which indicated that the biosensor could clearly monitor the liver tumor in the early stage. Importantly, the α‐Fuc‐DCM probe can be utilized to detect the AFU in serum from HCC patients. This strategy offers a promising biosensor system for early diagnosis of HCC and studying the roles of AFU in cancers.
Self organization of granular flow by basal friction variation: Natural jump, moving bore, and flying avalanche
Authors: Maiti Ritwik , Das Gargi , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article discusses the response of rapid granular downslope flow to an abrupt change in basal friction. Although granular discharge from silo and hoppers has received considerable attention in the past, the flow behavior for an abrupt change in basal friction is hitherto unexplored. In the present study, the channel floor comprises of a smooth surface (bed friction angle—δS) and a rough surface (bed friction angle—δR) such that the angle of repose of the granular material (θr) lies between δS and δR and the flow features are observed as the channel inclination (θ) is varied from ≈δS to >δR. Experiments are performed in two channels with different extent of rough surface for two grain sizes with the same angle of repose and different inlet depth of granular flow. The visualization studies reveal a rich variety of flow features namely moving bore, rapid granular flow, flying avalanche and granular jump. Natural granular jump formed by mere frictional dissipation without any external forcing has not been reported earlier. The variety of flow features primarily results from the interplay of downslope motion of variable depth, collision‐driven piling of grains, and slope shaving avalanches. The observed flow phenomena have been satisfactorily analyzed by the well‐known depth‐averaged avalanche flow equations under conditions of incompressible granular flow.
Description of the first definitive Corythosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) specimens from the Judith River Formation in Montana, USA and their paleobiogeographical significance
Authors: Takasaki Ryuji , Chiba Kentaro , Fiorillo Anthony R. , Brink Kirstin S. , Evans David C. , Fanti Federico , Saneyoshi Mototaka , Maltese Anthony , Ishigaki Shinobu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the long history of research in the late Campanian Judith River Formation in northern Montana, most of the vertebrate fossils are represented by fragmentary remains, making precise taxonomic identifications difficult. Contrary to this, the partially contemporaneous Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada is known for its tremendous fossil preservation, permitting rigorous studies of dinosaur diversity, evolution, and biostratigraphy. Hadrosaurids comprise one of the most abundant dinosaur clades in the Dinosaur Park Formation, but taxonomic affinities of hadrosaurid specimens remain poorly understood in the Judith River Formation. Corythosaurus is the most common hadrosaurid in the Dinosaur Park Formation and, to date, has been restricted to this formation. This study reports the first definitive Corythosaurus specimens from the Judith River Formation, which were discovered on two private ranches in northern Montana. The attribution of the most complete skeleton to Corythosaurus is indicated by: wide crest‐snout angle, presence of premaxilla‐nasal fontanelle, dorsoventrally expanded nasal, laterally exposed ophthalmic canal of the laterosphenoid, and tall neural spines. A second specimen preserves a large ilium that can be positively identified as Corythosaurus based on its associated skull, which is now in private hands. The specimens were recovered from the Coal Ridge Member of the Judith River Formation, which is approximately time equivalent to the Dinosaur Park Formation. Thus, the discovery of Corythosaurus in the Judith River Formation extends the biogeographic range of this genus and establishes a framework for future interformational biostratigraphic studies of Late Cretaceous dinosaur faunas in North America.
Matrix metalloproteinase gene mutations and bioinformatics of telocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luan Chaoguang , Xu Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) have crucial functions to promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by over‐expressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but the mechanism by which TCs secrete MMPs in the genome is still unknown. We first cultured and isolated primary TCs from distinct liver cancer tissues and hepatic hemangioma surrounding tissues (Control group). Their whole exon genes were tested by Illumina HiSeq family of platforms and by high‐throughput sequencing as well as variant mutations. Moreover, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays were utilized to assess the expression of MMPs. The perniciousness of signal‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations of proteins were predicted by the Polyphen‐2 database. Divergent expression and overall survival (OS) of MMPs was screened by StarBase‐Pan Cancer plate; and MMPs associated signaling pathways were found by Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes. The “competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)” network was constructed by Cytoscape software. We found that 12 specific types of SNP mutations related to 5 types of MMPs occurred in TCs of liver malignant tumors as a potential result of MMP1, MMP9, and MMP17 overexpression. High levels of MMP1, MMP7, and MMP9 represented poor OS in HCC, and an interactive network of MMPs is shown. Allele shifts of C/T (rs20544) and G/C (rs2250889) in MMP9 were risk factors for TCs in HCC by the prediction of the Polyphen‐2 Database. (MMP9 (−3 C/T)) mutation might be a genetic mechanism of upregulating MMP9 in TCs.
Small extracellular vesicles derived from human adipose‐derived stem cells regulate energetic metabolism through the activation of YAP/TAZ pathway facilitating angiogenesis
Authors: Sun Jun , Lin Zhengjie , Liao Zhi , Wu Zhimin , Li Hao , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies have found small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that are secreted from human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hADSCs‐sEVs) and contribute to angiogenesis. Glycolysis, the primary energetic pathway of vascular endothelial cells, plays a key role in the process of angiogenesis. However, hADSCs‐sEVs' effects on energy metabolism within endothelial cells remain unclear. In our study, we found that hADSCs‐sEVs restored glycolytic metabolism suppressed by 3‐(pyridinyl)‐1‐(4‐pyridinyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one(3PO), a unique glycolytic inhibitor increasing the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), glycolytic gene expression as well as pyruvate, lactate, and ATP production in HUVEC cells. In contrast, hADSCs‐sEVs decreased PDH‐E1α expression and acetyl‐CoA production. The above results indicate that hADSCs‐sEVs promote HUVEC angiogenesis via enhancing glycolysis and suppressing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that the YAP/TAZ pathway may play a key role in the effects hADSCs‐sEVs have on HUVECs, thus, providing a promising approach for pro‐angiogenesis‐related regeneration.
Study of quercetin and fisetin synergistic effect on breast cancer and potentially involved signaling pathways
Authors: Hosseini Seyede Saba , Ebrahimi Seyed Omar , Haji Ghasem Kashani Maryam , Reiisi Somayeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNaturally‐derived drugs have drawn much attention in recent decades. Efficiency, lower toxicity, and economic reasons are some of their advantages that justify this broad range of administration for different diseases, including cancer. If we can find a specific combination that boosts the effects of their single therapy, leading to synergism effect, increased efficiency, and decreased toxicity, they can act even better. Quercetin and fisetin, two well‐known flavonoids, have been used to fight against various cancers. In this study, we investigated their possible synergism quercetin and fisetin on MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231, BT549, T47D, and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Then the optimum combined dose was used to study their impacts on wound healing abilities and clonogenic properties. The real‐time qPCR was used to study the expression of their validated downstream effectors in predicted pathways. A significant synergism effect (p < .01, combination index: <1) was observed for all cell lines. Combination therapy was significantly more effective in colony formation (p < .0001) and wound healing assays (p < .001) compared to single therapies. The expression level of potential effectors was also showed a greater change. In vivo study confirmed the in vitro results and showed how significantly (p < .001) their synergism promotes their singular function in inhibiting cancer progression. The breast cancer mouse models receiving combined therapy lived longer with higher average body weight and smaller tumor sizes. These results exhibit that quercetin and fisetin inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration and colony formation synergistically, and matrix metalloproteinase signaling and apoptotic pathways are relatively responsible for inhibitory activities.