bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Wind Flow Around the Terrain of a High-Altitude Transmission Tower: A Case Study of Saurdal Accident
Authors: Keprate Arvind , Bagalkot N. , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza Shah , Horn Agnes Marie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The topography of the terrain plays a major role on the galloping of the conductors in a transmission line, especially in complicated terrains. In the present work the authors try to develop relatively new approach to use the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data of a terrain and converted it to an accurate 3D terrain model that is suitable for carrying out computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Further, the newly developed approach will be used to evaluate the contribution of the terrain to the collapse of a high voltage transmission tower near Saurdal a town in north-western part of Norway.
The first part of the article describes in detail each step involved in the conversion of GIS data to 3D computed added design (CAD) model. Initially, the data of the accident site including the location details of the collapsed tower was obtained, this information was then used in google earth pro software to access the GIS information of the region around the collapsed tower. Then SketchUp software was employed to convert the GIS to modeler data, and finally Rhinoceros 3D was used to get the final 3D CAD file. The entire developed process was explained through the cases study of Saurdal. Actual weather data such as gust speed, gust direction, temperature, and snow cover on the terrain during the time of accident was obtained from five different weather stations was used to carry out a steady state CFD analysis.
The results indicated a strong relation between terrain complexity, wind speed, and wind direction. The terrain was able to modify the local wind direction and local wind speed. For the Saurdal case the simulation results indicated that approximately 30 degrees deviation in angle of attack (crosswind) was observed in then local wind direction heading towards the collapsed tower. The terrain also contributed to increase in approximately 30–40% in local wind velocities compared to free stream, especially on higher altitude lands of the terrain. Finally, for the Saurdal incident, the results indicated that the combination of high strength ESE gusts, and terrain induced crosswinds may have resulted in the collapse of the tower.
A Novel Free-Standing Riser Concept for Deepwater Developments
Authors: Bomfimsilva Carlos Terencio Pires , Netto Theodoro Antoun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Free-standing hybrid risers (FSHR) are well established in deepwater field developments in the oil & gas industry. The major advantages foreseen for the FSHR are the possibility of safely anticipating production and requiring significantly reduced payloads at the Floating Production Unit (FPU). This work addresses the feasibility of a novel proposed optimized concept, the Free-Standing Integrated Riser (FSIR), where the pipeline is integrated to the riser by means of a transition section, which is kept in place by a multiple line mooring system, developed to keep the functionality and integrity of the entire riser along its lifetime. The work provides the findings from numerical analysis simulated in Orcaflex, a finite element simulation software dedicated to global analysis of risers, considering the design criteria provided in API 2RD Standard. As part of the FSIR evaluation, screening static analysis was performed to identify the most promising configurations for the multiple line mooring system, followed by a series of dynamic analyses to evaluate the behavior of the riser in extreme conditions. In addition, several investigations were performed to assess the functionality and the robustness of the system, including parametric studies to check for installation and dimensional tolerances, assessment of fatigue damage, and checking the impact of pipe size on the design. The results show that proposed novel FSIR concept can provide a practical and economical solution for deepwater projects.
Numerically Analysing Liquid-Cargo Sloshing Diminishment in Partitioned Rectangular Tanks
Authors: Borg Mitchell G. , DeMarco Muscat-Fenech Claire , Tezdogan Tahsin , Sant Tonio , Mizzi Simon , Demirel Yigit Kemal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study puts forward an analysis of the influence of liquid sloshing upon oscillating vessels by means of numerical modeling. Rectangular cross-sectional tanks incorporating an open-bore and partitioned setups at 20%, 40%, and 60% fill-volume levels were implemented to establish the torque and static pressure exerted solely by the fluid dynamics upon oscillation within the tanks. Through verification of dam-break dynamics, the sloshing models coupled the explicit volume-of-fluid and non-iterative time-advancement schemes within a computational fluid dynamic solver. Utilising an oscillatory frequency of 1 Hz, the resultant liquid impact reduced within the partitioned setup due to the suppression of wave dynamics.
Bending Study of Copper Conductors From Power Cables
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Hopman Hans , Bai Yong , Fang Pan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Submarine power cables are considered lifelines in wind farm engineering, playing a key role in transporting electric current produced by wind turbines or wave converters. The bending behaviour of a power cable is a complex issue due to both its various materials and multi-layer structures. The copper conductor in the middle of a power cable is especially complex as it is composed of numerous helical copper wires. The influence of the copper conductor on the overall bending behaviour is still not clear due to rare studies regarding this topic. This paper focuses on the pure bending test of a naked copper conductor from a real cable, then theoretical and numerical methods are used to generate the bending stiffness in order to compare it with each other. The pros and cons of each method are clarified and the obtained conclusions will pave the way for the study of the overall power cable.
Wind Profile and Structure During Severe Storms in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Das Suvabrata , Maroju Soma S. , Fan Shejun , Leung Pak , Zwissler Cristina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wind profile and structure is critical in design of offshore structures such as oil/gas platforms or wind farm turbines. Since 2017, three ZX 300M wind vertical profiling LIDAR (Light Distance and Ranging) systems have been installed on two TLPs (Tension Leg Platform) and one Semi-submersible in the Mississippi Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico. The LIDAR system measures wind profile from 10m to up to 200m above deck. This paper presents the wind profile data and analysis from these measurements for several severe storms that passed through the region. It is hoped that this data will provide insights into the structure of the turbulent hurricane boundary layer, to help the design of wind sensitive offshore structures and their components.
First, the wind profile time series were divided into small segments of data, then the profile of mean wind speeds, turbulence intensities and gust factor across the wind column were calculated. The measured mean wind profiles, turbulence intensities, peak gust factors are then compared to the Frøya wind profile and time-averaging relations as suggested by ISO 19901-1:2015 and API RP 2MET as well as the formulation given in Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) models. These comparisons are used to understand the applicability of the wind models to offshore hurricane conditions and assess the design principles of offshore structures.
Television Viewing Time, Overweight, Obesity, and Severe COVID-19: A Brief Report From UK Biobank
Authors: Hamrouni Malik , Roberts Matthew J. , Bishop Nicolette C. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Overweight and obesity are well-established risk factors for COVID-19 severity; however, less is known about the role of sedentary behaviors such as television (TV) viewing. The purpose of this brief report was to determine whether lower TV viewing time may mitigate the risk of severe COVID-19 in individuals with excess weight. Methods: We analyzed 329,751 UK Biobank participants to investigate the independent and combined associations of BMI and self-reported TV viewing time with odds of severe COVID-19 (inpatient COVID-19 or COVID-19 death). Results: Between March 16 and December 8, 2020, there were 1648 instances of severe COVID-19. Per 1-unit (hours per day) increase in TV viewing time, the odds of severe COVID-19 increased by 5% (adjusted odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.08). Compared with normal-weight individuals with low (≤1 h/d) TV viewing time, the odds ratios for overweight individuals with low and high (≥4 h/d) TV viewing time were 1.17 (0.89–1.55) and 1.66 (1.31–2.11), respectively. For individuals with obesity, the respective ORs for low and high TV viewing time were 2.18 (1.61–2.95) and 2.14 (1.69–2.73). Conclusion: Higher TV viewing time was associated with higher odds of severe COVID-19 independent of BMI and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Additionally, low TV viewing time may partly attenuate the elevated odds associated with overweight, but not obesity.
Effect of increasing plant protein intake on protein quality and nutrient intake of US adults
Authors: Marinangeli Christopher P.F. , Miller Kevin , Fulgoni Victor L. 
Published: October 2022

Three cycles of NHANES (2013–2018) were used to assess protein intake, protein quality (protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score; PDCAAS), protein cost, and nutrient intakes across quartiles of plant protein intake (Q1: <28.2%; Q2: 28.2% to <32.1%; Q3: 32.1 to <36.2%; Q4: ≥36.2%) over a 24 h period (≥19 years, n = 14 888). Grains represented the primary source of plant protein across quartiles and increased from 5.01% (Q1) to 13.5% (Q4). Across all the USDA’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) food groups, grains were the most economical source of protein (24.3–26 g protein/$1). Legumes were the most economical plant-based protein (28–37.7 g protein/$1) within the “Protein Foods” FNDDS group. Absolute protein intake (96.6 g/day) and PDCAAS (0.91) of diets were progressively lower from Q1 to 72.0 g/day and 0.8 in Q4, respectively. Modelling the replacement of 50% of amino acids from grains in the diet with amino acids from legumes increased the PDCAAS by 10% in Q4. Intake levels of fibre, folate, iron, and zinc, were higher in Q2–Q4 compared to Q1 but had lower intakes of vitamins B12 and D. Amino acid complementation is required to effectively integrate higher levels plant protein into US diets.
Research and Application of Optimal Allocation Model of Water and Soil Resources from the Perspective of Ecological Economics
Authors: Dai Liuyi , Wang Xinran 
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem of realizing the rational allocation of water and soil resources in the watershed on the premise of ecological protection under the background of climate change, this paper proposes an optimal allocation model of water and soil resources from the perspective of ecological economics. In this paper, the use area of various land resources is taken as the decision variable, and the total amount of water resources available is taken as the constraint condition, and the multiobjective models under different scenarios are established, respectively. MOGWO algorithm is used to calculate the Pareto solution set under each scenario, and finally AHP is used to select the optimal solution with different decision preferences from Pareto. The experimental results show that under the current situation, the water shortage of the basin is

7.61
×

10

8

m3. In the current planning year (2020), 950.7 km2 of cultivated land should be reduced to meet the water resources situation of the river basin, accounting for about 17.8% of the total cultivated land, which is also in line with the basic policy of “well killing and land shrinking” advocated by the river basin in recent years. In the medium-term planning year (2035), the cultivated land area can be maintained at about 4300. Due to the increase of available water resources, water-saving irrigation area and irrigation water utilization coefficient, the cultivated land area in the long-term planning year (2050) can be increased by about 200 km2 on the basis of the medium-term planning year. Conclusion. The model finally obtains the optimal solution in line with different decision preferences under different scenarios.
Specific Loss of ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Suppresses TCR (T-Cell Receptor) Signaling and Provides Protection Against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhang Lili , Liu Limin , Zhou Xuan , Ding Fangfang , Yang Yan , Du Shiyu , Wang Hongmin , Van Eck Miranda , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) mediates cholesterol efflux to apo AI to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The current study aims to investigate whether T-cell–specific deletion of ABCA1 modulates the phenotype/function of T cells and the development of atherosclerosis.

Methods:

Mice with T-cell–specific deletion of ABCA1 on low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (

Ldlr
−/−

) background (

Abca1
CD4-/CD4-
Ldlr
−/−

) were generated by multiple steps of (cross)-breedings among

Abca1
flox/flox

, CD4-
Cre
, and

Ldlr
−/−

mice.

Results:

Deletions of ABCA1 greatly suppressed cholesterol efflux to apo AI but slightly reduced membrane lipid rafts on T cells probably due to the upregulation of ABCG1. Moreover, ABCA1 deficiency impaired TCR (T-cell receptor) signaling and inhibited the survival and proliferation of T cells as well as the formation of effector memory T cells. Despite the comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol after Western-type diet feeding,
Abca1

CD4-/CD4
-

Ldlr
−/−
mice showed significantly attenuated arterial accumulations of T cells and smaller atherosclerotic lesions than
Abca1

+/+

Ldlr
−/−

controls, which were associated with reduced surface CCR5 (CC motif chemokine receptor 5) and CXCR3 (CXC motif chemokine receptor 3), decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma extra-large), and hampered abilities to produce IL (interleukin)-2 and IFN (interferon)-γ by ABCA1-deficient T cells.

Conclusions:
ABCA1 is essential for T-cell cholesterol homeostasis. Deletion of ABCA1 in T cells impairs TCR signaling, suppresses the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of T cells, thereby providing atheroprotection in vivo.
Gut Microbiota Influence the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Suppressing Macrophage Accumulation in Mice
Authors: Shinohara Ryohei , Nakashima Hitomi , Emoto Takuo , Yamashita Tomoya , Saito Yoshihiro , Yoshida Naofumi , Inoue Taishi , Yamanaka Katsuhiro , Okada Kenji , Hirata Ken-ichi 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease characterized by dilated abdominal aorta. Immune cells have been shown to contribute to the development of AAA, and that the gut microbiota is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, by regulating immune systems or metabolic pathways of the host. However, the interaction between the gut microbiota and AAA remains unknown.

Methods:
Apolipoprotein E–deficient male mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet and divided into three groups: the control group was maintained under normal water (control group), the oral AVNM group was maintained under drinking water supplemented with ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazole, and the i.p. AVNM group was injected AVNM intraperitoneally. After 1 week of pretreatment with antibiotics, these mice were administrated Ang II via subcutaneous osmotic pumps for 4 weeks and euthanized to evaluate AAA formation.

Results:

Depletion of gut microbiota by oral AVNM ameliorated the incidence of AAAs (control group: 58.9% versus oral AVNM group: 28.6% versus i.p. AVNM group: 75.0%,
P
= 0.0005) and prevented death due to ruptured aneurysms (control group: 11% versus oral AVNM group: 0% versus i.p. AVNM group: 15%). Oral AVNM suppressed monocyte storage in the spleen, but not in other organs. Despite possessing a higher level of cholesterol, recruitment of monocytes into the suprarenal aorta was suppressed in the oral AVNM group. In AVNM drinking mice, NOD1 ligand, a kind of PRR ligands, increased the development of AAAs and accumulation of macrophages in the aortae.

Conclusions:
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in AAA formation. Therefore, regulation of the microbiota or the immune system can be a therapeutic approach for AAA.
Savoir et croyance
Authors: Grignon Claude 
Published: October 2022

Résumé
On se propose ici d’analyser la démarcation entre science et non science à partir de l’opposition entre savoir et croyance. Dans cette perspective, on est amené à étudier les relations entre le réel et le vrai et entre le réel et le possible, ce qui conduit à préciser le statut épistémologique du réalisme, à examiner les spécificités de l’imagination scientifique et les relations entre invention et découverte. Le progrès des savoirs peut favoriser un retour en force des croyances ; c’est le cas de l’interprétation idéaliste de la physique quantique ou de la dérive relativiste à laquelle donne lieu le relativisme culturel qui est au principe de l’anthropologie et de la sociologie. On examinera pour finir les rapports entre croyance et opinion. Pour combattre la scientophobie, il faut diffuser la science et la populariser. On s’interrogera sur les risques inhérents à la vulgarisation, qui tend par principe à réduire ce que l’on vient de savoir à ce que l’on savait déjà.
A stabilized spatiotemporal kriging method for disease mapping and application to male oral cancer and female breast cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Dai-Rong , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Su Shih-Yung , Chiang Chun-Ju , Yang Ya-Wen , Lee Wen-Chung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMapping spacetime disease rates can provide a more in-depth understanding of their distribution and trends. Traditional spatiotemporal kriging methods can break the constraints of geopolitical boundaries and time intervals. Still, disease rates in densely and sparsely populated areas are stabilized to the same degree, resulting in a map that is oversmoothed in some places but undersmoothed in others. The stabilized spatiotemporal kriging method proposed in this study overcomes this problem by allowing for nonconstant variances over space and time. A spatiotemporal map of the standardized incidence ratio for oral cancer in men in Taiwan between 1997 and 2017 reveals that the high-risk areas for oral cancer are in the midwestern and southeastern regions of Taiwan, spreading toward the center and north, with persistent cold spots in the northern and southwestern urban regions. However, the corresponding map for breast cancer in women in Taiwan reveals that the high-risk areas for breast cancer are concentrated in densely populated urban regions in the west. Spatiotemporal maps facilitate our understanding of disease risk dynamics. We recommend using the proposed stabilized spatiotemporal kriging method for mapping disease rates across space and time.
Psychological health and wellbeing of primary healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: a longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Khoo Ee Ming , Abdullah Adina , Liew Su May , Hussein Norita , Hanafi Nik Sherina , Lee Ping Yein , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Vengidasan Lelamekala , Abu Bakar Ahmad Ihsan Bin , Pinnock Hilary , Jackson Tracy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) are at the frontline of dealing with viral pandemics. They may experience significant psychological stresses, which have hitherto not been examined in depth. We aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health and wellbeing of frontline PHCWs in Malaysia.

Method
We purposively recruited PHCWs with diverse backgrounds in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Using longitudinal qualitative methods, we conducted two sequential semi-structured telephone interviews, 3 to 4 weeks apart, to capture different stages of the pandemic. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.

Result
Twenty-one PHCWs participated yielding a total of forty-two interviews. Themes clustered around stressors associated with work, home, and leisure activities, emotional changes, and modifying factors. In the first interviews, COVID-19 had just started in Malaysia. Participants expressed fear about the actual and perceived personal risk of COVID-19 infection. Most were worried about transmitting COVID-19 to their family members. Some felt stigmatized because of this perceived risk of infection. By the second interviews, participants felt safer, but instead focused on the need to keep other people safe. Participants’ emotions were influenced by their perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. Internal factors such as religion enabled them to manage their concerns and develop personal coping strategies. Support from family members, colleagues, and employers promoted wellbeing during the pandemic. Training sessions, daily roll calls, and psychological support services were important in maintaining their psychological health and wellbeing. Many participants were hopeful and believed normalcy would return by the end of 2020.

Conclusion
PHCW’s psychological health and wellbeing evolved throughout the early stages of the pandemic and were influenced by their perceived risk of contracting the disease and personal belief structures. Clear updates on the disease and strategies for keeping safe at work and socially are essential to maintaining PHCWs’ psychological health and wellbeing.
Risk factors of delayed hemorrhage after LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Cheng Kung-Chuan , Song Ling-Chiao , Wu Kuen-Lin , Chen Hong-Hwa , Lee Ko-Chao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
As one of the most popular methods for treating hemorrhoidal diseases, hemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure devices has been proven to have less postoperative pain and has gained in popularity among surgeons. However, our previous study found higher incidence of delayed post-hemorrhoidectomy bleeding (DPHB) in patients who underwent LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy compared to those who underwent the traditional Ferguson’s method. This follow-up study aimed to reveal the relationship between DPHB and the surgeon’s experience.

Methods
This retrospective study included 437 consecutive patients with symptomatic grade II to IV hemorrhoids who received hemorrhoidectomy by LigaSure devices from March 2009 to December 2017. Twenty-two patients who experienced DPHB were analyzed to identify risk factors. Cumulative incidence of DPHB were calculated and visualized to assess the improvement of DPHB rate by time.

Results
All operations were performed by a single surgeon. The most common postoperative complication was constipation, followed by urinary retention. DPHB developed in 22 patients (5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the male sex was an independent risk factor for DPHB in patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure devices. The cumulative incidence was initially higher (about 10%) in the earlier cases and stabilized at around 5% with more cases. The change in cumulative incidence indicated a lower complication rate as the surgeon’s experience increased.

Conclusion
Male sex is an independent risk factor for DHBP. The risk of DPHB is higher in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure in a surgeon’s earlier cases, and decreases to a rate similar to that for the traditional hemorrhoidectomy once the surgeon becomes more familiar with the procedure and postoperative care.