bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is Meant by Land Use Change? Effects of Mining Activities on Forest and Climate Change
Authors: GENÇAY Gökçe , DURKAYA Birsen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ownership of 99.9% of forests in Turkey belongs to the State. According to the mandatory provisions of the Turkish Constitution of 1982, the ownership of State forests cannot be transferred to third parties. However, forest legislation permits several activities within the State forests, other than forestry, under certain conditions. Thus, in this study, the legal process of mining permits granted in State forests in Turkey was analyzed, and the policies implemented in mining permits were tried to be evaluated. Then, how mining activities affect forestlands and the environment has been compared by taking international studies in the literature into account. The change in the amount of carbon stored in the forests where the land use changed as a result of the given mining permit was calculated using the Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) method. After the mining permit was granted, 53% of the land use change occurred in the sample area, and there was a 43% decrease in the amount of carbon stored.
Potential E. coli Expression Strategies for Production of Soluble Recombinant Streptokinases
Authors: Buniya Harith k. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The expression of recombinant protein for industrial and therapeutic applications, requires high yielding expression system like E. coli, which is easier to handle and satisfactory for various purposes. On other hand, one of the limitations of this system is Inclusion bodies formation. In this study, we optimized the conditions for the expression of the soluble form for three recombinant streptokinases (FSK, KSK, and FKSK). The change in culture conditions, like optical density, post-induction temperature, inducer concentration, media, and expression host had different effects on the expression levels of hybrid streptokinase proteins. The high amount of soluble fraction for FSK protein was in LB medium at 20°C in BL21 (DE3) and GJ1158. The amount of soluble protein was approximately 50%, but the amount of total protein at 20°C was lower than other induction temperatures. The high amount of soluble protein, expressed hybrid streptokinase (KSK) in LB medium at 30°C in BL21 (DE3) hosts, 0.5 O.D. cell densities were induced in 0.5mM IPTG. Approximately 70% of protein is soluble in these conditions. FKSK was never produced as a soluble form irrespective of any change in condition. All expressed FKSK protein appeared as inclusion bodies.
Convergence Analysis of Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Chakraborty Prasanjit , Sharma Sushmita , Saha Apu Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Convergence analysis of any random search algorithm helps to verify whether and how quickly the algorithm guarantees convergence to the point of interest. Butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is a popular population-based stochastic optimizer introduced by mimicking the foraging behaviors of butterflies in nature. In this paper, we have developed the Markov chain model of the BOA and analyzed the convergence bahavior of the algorithm. The Markov chain model of the BOA is constituted where the population sequence generated by the algorithm is found to be a finite homogenous Markov chain and the defined population state set is found to be reducible. Convergence analysis of the algorithm is performed mathematically using the Markov chain model of the algorithm with the help of global convergence theorem which is based on a random search algorithm satisfying two subtle conditions. The butterfly algorithm has been found to satisfy the conditions for the global convergence theorem to enact, whereof it guarantees the global convergence of the BOA. We have also tried to show experimentally that the convergence of the algorithm do not always have considerable impact on rate of convergence as it is influenced by various other factors.
Generator Jadwal Mengajar Dosen Dengan Perkecualian Memakai Teori Himpunan
Authors: Wijana Katon , Oslan Yetlin , Kristanto Harianto 
Published: July 2022

Dosen mempunyai tugas tri darma perguruan tinggi, yaitu pengajaran, pengabdian dan penelitian, oleh sebab itu kegiatan dosen tidak semata-mata mengajar di kelas melainkan juga melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan lain sehubung-an dengan hal tersebut. Dalam hal ini ketua program studi, sebagai penyusun jadwal kuliah, hanya mengetahui mata-kuliah-matakuliah yang diampu oleh dosen yang bersangkut-an dan tidak mengetahui kegiatan lain yang dilakukan oleh dosen tersebut. Pada kasus inilah penulis ingin memakai teori himpunan untuk membuat generator jadwal yang bisa menge-cualikan dosen tertentu pada jadwal tertentu.

Teori Himpunan dapat mengelompokkan mana yang merupakan himpunan bagiannya atau bukan himpunan bagiannya, dapat juga mengidentifikasi irisan dari beberapa himpunan serta dapat menggabungkan antara satu himpunan dengan himpunan yang lain. Jadwal kegiatan pada dasarnya dapat dikategorikan sebagai himpunan yang dapat di-operasikan memakai teori-teori tersebut, sehingga sangat memungkinkan untuk mengidentifikasi jadwal mana yang bertabrakan (beririsan) dan jadwal mana yang masih kosong (bukan himpunan bagiannya) untuk dosen tertentu.

Dengan mengimplementasikan teori himpunan pada basis data jadwal mengajar dosen ditambah dengan pe-ngecualiannya, diharapkan akan diperoleh hasil jadwal meng-ajar dosen yang sesuai dengan jadwal pengajaran maupun dengan jadwal kegiatan dosen masing-masing.
Biyogazla Birlikte Oluşan Diğer Ürünlerin Araştırılması
Authors: SARIBIYIK Oğuz Yunus 
Published: July 2022

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin enerji tüketimindeki yükselme atmosfere karbondioksit salınımını artırarak küresel ısınmaya sebep olmaktadır. Küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan doğal afetler insanların yaşamlarını olumsuz yönde etkilediklerinden dolayı atmosfere karbondioksit salınımının kontrol altına alınıp sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple fosil kökenli yakıtlara alternatif kaynaklarının araştırılması zorunlu hale gelmektedir. Rüzgâr enerjisi, biyodizel vb. gibi alternatif biyoyakıtlar içerisindeki alternatif enerji üretim yöntemlerinden birisi de biyogaz üretimidir. Biyogaz üretiminde uygun organik atıklar kullanılarak %35-45 CO2, %55-65 CH4 oranlarda biyogaz karışımı üretilirken eser miktarda CO, H2S, NH3 gibi diğer ürünlerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada biyogaz üretiminde kullanılan sıvı fazda bulunan toplam karbon miktarı, fenolik içerik miktarları, Azot(N), Fosfor(P2O5), Potasyum(K2O), pH, Hümik asit, Fülvik asit ve iletkenlik gibi değerlerin değişimi biyogaz üretimi öncesi ve sonrasında test edilerek belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre N, P, K miktarlarında herhangi bir değişim ortaya çıkmazken pH değerinde yükselme, fenolik içerik, toplam karbon içeriği, iletkenlik, Hümik ve Fülvik asit içeriklerinde biyogaz üretim süreci
sonrasında artış meydana geldiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Evaluation of climate change effects on flood frequency in arid and semi-arid basins
Authors: Shokouhifar Yasaman , Lotfirad Morteza , Esmaeili-Gisavandani Hassan , Adib Arash 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Climate change (CC) will increase the intensity of extreme phenomena such as drought and flood in arid and semi-arid regions. This will cause the water supply of these areas to become very difficult in times of crisis. This study identifies sub-basins with high flood potential in the baseline period (1982–2005) and the future period (2025–2048) in the Hablehroud basin, north-central Iran. It uses the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and 23 coupled model intercomparison project 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs). It estimates the instantaneous peak flow (IPF) and uses a flood index (FI) to determine the contributions of each sub-basin to the floods. The rainfall of the basin will increase by 11.5% under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 12.6% under RCP 8.5. The minimum daily temperature (Tmin) of the basin will increase by 0.8 °C under RCP 4.5 and 1.1 °C under RCP 8.5 in the future period. In addition, the maximum daily temperature (Tmax) will rise by 1 °C under RCP 4.5 and 1.2 °C under RCP 8.5. Moreover, basin runoff will increase by 6.4% under RCP 4.5 and 11.6% under RCP 8.5. The results indicate that the central and southern sub-basins made the most significant contribution to floods in the baseline period, while the eastern sub-basins will make the most considerable contribution to future floods.
Relationship between the molecular structure of different dithiocarbamates and their oil removal performance
Authors: Hao Ziyang , Zhang Wenyan , Chen Wu , Mei Ping , Lai Lu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Six kinds of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) were synthesized from three linear amines with different amino numbers, two polyether amines with different molecular weights, and one branched amine with benzene rings, respectively. The conditions affecting oil removal rate and floc rising time of DTC were studied using simulated oily wastewater. Furthermore, the effects of the molecular structure of DTC on oil removal efficiency, floc morphology, floc rising time, and floc adhesion were investigated. When the conditions were optimal, the oil removal efficiency of DTC synthesized from polyethylene polyamine was 95.14%, which was higher than other DTCs. Meanwhile, the ferrous ion was the most suitable chelating metal ion for DTC than other transition metal ions. The increase of amino groups in the initiators improves the oil removal efficiency of DTC, while the linear structural DTC exhibits a low oil removal efficiency due to a lack of network structural flocs. The introduction of polyether structure helps reduce the volume of the flocs and make them compact, but it also increases the adhesion of the floc on the metal surface. The introduction of bisphenol A phenol amino resin structure induces the generation of the flocs in oil wastewater and improves the oil removal efficiency.
Prognostic Value of Pericardial Effusion Size in Patients with Acute Heart
Failure
Authors: Zhai Guangyao , Zhang Biyang , Wang Jianlong , Liu Yuyang , Zhou Yujie 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Pericardial effusion (PEf) can occur with acute heart failure (AHF).

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of PEf size on the prognosis of patients with AHF.

Method:
According to the maximum size of PEf, all patients were divided into five groups. The primary
outcome was in-hospital mortality. The independent effect of PEf size was determined by binary
logistic regression analysis. The curve in line with the overall trend was drawn by local weighted regression
(Lowess).

Result:
We included 192 patients with AHF complicated by PEf. As PEf size increased, in-hospital
mortality increased significantly (Group 5 vs Group 1: 34.8 vs 8.9% p=0.042). After adjusting for confounders,
there was no significant association between PEf groups and in-hospital mortality (Group 5 vs
Group 1: odd ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.72, 0.41-18.22, p=0.298). However, when PEf
size was analysed as a continuous variable, an independent association between increased risk of inhospital
mortality and PEf size was observed (OR, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.00-1.16, p=0.037). The Lowess
curve showed a positive relationship between PEf size and in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, as PEf
groups increased, the length of hospital stay (Group 5 vs Group 1 median and interquartile range: 16,
14-21 vs 13, 8-17 days, p<0.001) was significantly prolonged. An association between PEf size with
acute kidney injury (AKI) was not observed.

Conclusion:
The PEf size was independently associated with the increased risk of in-hospital mortality
in patients with AHF.
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound Elastography in the Differentiation of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma In situ
Authors: Shi Jian , Chen Luzeng , Wang Bin , Zhang Hong , Xu Ling , Ye Jingming , Liu Yinhua , Shao Yuhong , Sun Xiuming , Zou Yinghua 
Published: July 2022

Background:Ultrasound elastography (US-E) has been shown superior to conventional US in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. In contrast, the role of US-E in the differentiation of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), has been poorly described.Objective:This study was designed to examine the diagnostic value of US-E in the differentiation of IDC and DCIS.Methods:Medical records of all patients who underwent preoperative US-E evaluation, and diagnosed with IDC or DCIS at our hospital during April-December 2019 were retrieved and analyzed. Those who had prior surgical treatment, chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded.Results:Twenty women with DCIS and 111 women with IDC were included in this study. There were no significant differences in age, maximum lesion diameter and tumor volume between the two groups. While shear wave velocity (SWV) inside the lesion and in the surrounding tissue, strain ratio and tumor area ratio were not substantially different between the two groups, SWV at the edge of the lesion was significantly higher in IDC cases, which had an AUC value of 0.66 with a sensitivity of 65.8% and a specificity of 60.0% for the differential diagnosis of IDC and DCIS.Conclusion:Edge SWV is significantly higher in IDC than that in DCIS, which had a moderate diagnostic value for the differentiation of IDC and DCIS, similar to the perfomance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as reported in the literature. In terms of cost-effectiveness, US-E could be very useful while waiting for further evaluations to determine whether US-E combined with other diagnostic modalities improves the diagnostic performance.
Synthesis and Ready to Use Kit Formulation of EDTMP for the
Preparation of 177Lu-EDTMP as a Bone Palliation Radiopharmaceutical
Authors: Mercanoglu Guldem , Zilbeyaz Kani , Arslan Nuri 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
With its suitable nuclear decay characteristics and large-scale production feasibility with adequate specific activity, 177Lu is regarded as an excellent radionuclide for developing bone pain palliation agent. Ethylenediamine-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) is a preferred carrier molecule for radiolanthanides such as 177Lu. The present paper describes the synthesis of EDTMP and the development of a ready-to-use kit for the preparation of 177Lu-EDTMP and its quality control in accordance with the quality and safety criteria required for medicinal use.

Material and Methods:
EDTMP was synthesized by a modified Mannich-type reaction and the structure was characterized using NMR and IR spectroscopy. Optimization of radiolabeling conditions were carried out with two different salt forms of EDTMP. The labeling yield was checked by paper chromatography with radiation detection. Kit was developed as a lyophilized mixture of EDTMP and sodium bicarbonate in a maximum volume of 5 mL. Labeling efficiency, radionuclidic purity, radiochemical purity, sterility, and pyrogenity analysis were performed as the quality control of the labeled kit.

Results:
The analytical data for the structure determination and purity of the synthesized ligand were in agreement with commercial authentic samples used in radiopharmacy.177Lu-EDTMP complex was prepared using synthesized EDTMP ligand under optimized labeling conditions with high labelling yield (>99%). The radiolabeling yields of the EDTMP kit at room temperature after 30 min and 48 hours were 99.46% and 99.00%.

Conclusion:
The developed EDTMP kit enables an instant one-step preparation of the radiopharmaceutical of high radiochemical purity (>99%) and has a sufficiently long shelf life. This enables the routine production of the 177Lu-EDTMP in nuclear medicine clinics without requiring experienced staff.
Resilience Enhancement Online Training for Nurses (REsOluTioN): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Srikesavan Cynthia , Davey Zoe , Cipriani Andrea , Henshall Catherine 
Published: July 2022

Background
Globally, nurses are facing increased pressure to provide high-quality complex patient care within environments with scarce resources in terms of staffing, infrastructure, or financial reward. The strain and demand on the psychological health and well-being of nurses during COVID-19 has been substantial, with many experiencing burnout; as such, interventions to enhance resilience within the workplace are required. A face-to-face resilience enhancement training program for nurses that was effective in improving resilience levels was translated into a 4-week online training program, Resilience Enhancement Online Training for Nurses (REsOluTioN), to enable greater accessibility for nurses.

Objective
This study aims to compare levels of resilience, psychological health, and well-being in nurses before and after the online resilience training compared to a wait list control group. It will also explore participants’ engagement with the trial and their acceptability of the online training.

Methods
This is a two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial with a 6-week follow-up period. Up to 100 registered nonagency nurses working at a National Health Service hospital trust in South England will be recruited. Four cohorts will run, and participants will be randomized into a wait list control group or to REsOluTioN. Pre- and postonline surveys will collect study outcome measure data. In the REsOluTioN arm, data will be collected on the perceived usefulness of the online training via an online survey. Institutional and health research authority approvals have been obtained.

Results
REsOluTioN will aim to empower nurses to maintain and enhance their resilience while working under challenging clinical conditions. The online training will be interactive with input from mentors, health care leaders, and peers to promote engagement and enhanced communication, and will create a forum where nurses can express their views and concerns, without hierarchical infrastructures inhibiting them. This can increase self-knowledge and learning around workplace resilience coping strategies and provide a safe space to validate feelings through mentorship and peer support. Findings will be reported in accordance with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines. The trial is now finished and was conducted between August 2021 and May 2022.

Conclusions
The REsOluTioN trial will enable preliminary data to be gathered to indicate the online training’s effectiveness in enhancing nurses’ resilience in the workplace, with the potential for larger scale follow-up studies to identify its value to nurses working across a range of health care settings.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05074563; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05074563

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/37015
USING ONLINE PEER REVIEW AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Ula Erfa Navadiatul 
Published: July 2022

This research was conducted to investigate the use of online peer review as a strategy to improve writing skills in the revision process. This qualitative study will recruit two peers of a private university in Malang based on two criteria 1) they have passed an academic writing course with an excellent score, and 2) they were students who use online media to conduct peer reviews. Using a semi-structured interview, the students were asked what types of online resources they use to online peer review, and how they do peer review online. The interview data will be analyzed using content analysis To triangulate the data, investigator triangulation will be performed by involving two data analysts. The result of the study were students used WhatsApp and Zoom media to conduct online peer review, and students provide their writing in the form of an online file to the peer for review about grammar, writing effectiveness, and diction errors with several platforms (grammar checker, online dictionary; etc) to assist the revision process.
KERBEROS SECURITY EVALUATION
Authors: Mahdi Hussain 
Published: July 2022

Authentication of a person is an important task in many areas of day-to-day life including electronic commerce, system security and access control. We present Kerberos a client\server authentication protocol which can perform a secure communication over unsecured environments (internet). For example an e-bank application the client can log on in domain environment using password (single factor authentication) or a smart card running java card application in combine with PIN and the server is the banking hosted system at the bank. Smart card can enhance the security by storing the cryptographic key to perform dual factor authentication, it also can manage the encryption and decryption of the Kerberos keys on it rather then on the client workstation memory. A common methodology depends on the national standardizations is used to evaluate security of that authentication scenarios of Kerberos protocol.
اختيار المشروع الأمثل من النواحي الأمنية باستخدام تقنية AHP
Authors: Naji Hafiz 
Published: July 2022

لم يغفل التطور العلمي والتكنولوجي الذي يشهده العالم في مختلف المجالات ، مجال امن وحماية المنشات ، فقد انطلق بقوة هائلة وبسرعة مذهلة في تطور هذا المجال وخاصة فيما يخص إنتاج وتوفير العديد من الأجهزة والوسائل لخدمة هذا المجال ، لذلك تتطلب إدارة المشروع من الناحية الأمنية طرق وإمكانيات ذكية ومميزة في اتخاذ القرارات الصحيحة والصائبة ، وقد جاءت تقنية التدرج التحليلي كطريقة اتخاذ القرار التي تسمح في دراسة وبحث المعايير المعقدة في إدارة هذا الجانب من المشاريع .يتناول هذا البحث دراسة لتقنية التدرج التحليلي في المشاريع الإنشائية بصورة عامة والنواحي الأمنية منها بصورة خاصة . كما يتناول البحث التعريف بمفهوم الإدارة الأمنية للمشروع ومتطلباتها والوسائل الأمنية المعتمدة والاعتبارات الواجب اعتمادها في كل وسيلة . اعتمدت هذه الاعتبارات كأساس لتطبيق تقنية التدرج التحليلي في تقييم مشاريع جامعة ديالى من الناحية الأمنية لتحديد المشروع الأمثل من هذه الناحية . ولغرض تحقيق هدف البحث ، فقد تم جمع البيانات الخاصة به من الأدبيات التي تناولت موضوعي التدرج التحليلي والإدارة الأمنية للمشاريع، وأخيرا من المقابلات الشخصية من ذوي الاختصاص من المصممين والمنفذين والمشغلين لهذه المشاريع . أظهرت نتائج تحليل البيانات لأفراد العينة أن معايير السيطرة ،الحماية ، الإنشاء ، العوائق هي أكثر المعايير أهمية لإجراء المقارنات الثنائية بين المشاريع ،وان معياري السيطرة والحماية هي أكثر أهمية من بقية المعايير في هذا النوع من المشاريع . وان مشروع عمادة كلية التربية الأساسية قد حصل على النصيب الأكبر من الأهمية النسبية بالمقارنة مع المشاريع الأخرى . وفي النهاية تم التوصل إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات من بينها عدم وجود تطبيق واضح لمفهوم التدرج التحليلي في قطاع التشييد بسبب عدم وجود إدراك لهذا المفهوم وبشكل خاص في مجال تقييم متطلبات المشاريع من الناحية الأمنية .
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION TO STUDY STREAMER THEORY IN ELECTRONEGATIVE GASES
Authors: Hassan Jasim Mohammed  
Published: July 2022

Electron swarm motion across a uniform electric field is calculated and analyzed by a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method in the presence of elastic excitation ,ionization and attachment collisions cross-section with the electronegative gas . The calculation is carried out for a wide range of E/N values from 71 to 1000Td . It is shown that in the case of a steady –state experiment. The motion has been analyzed to give swarm parameters for (drift velocity , number density , mean energy ,and effective ionization coefficient).
The first aim of the present paper is to calculate the swarm characteristic at 71 Td by MCS and to discuss the difficulty of calculation al low E/N . The second aim is to calculate the swarm parameter for experimental conditions, i.e. the steady state Townsend ( SST ).
The present results are in excellent a agreement with those deduced by the Boltzmann equation analysis for steady- state and pulse Townsend experiments.