bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated Chemigation Versus Standard Insecticide Application for Corn Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Dick G. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiment was conducted on a furrow-irrigated corn field at the Garden City Experiment Station in Finney Co, Kansas. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each plot was 3m wide (4 rows) and 15m long surrounded by a 1.5m (2 rows) border of untreated corn. The treatments were applied 1, 2, or 3 times with a high clearance sprayer. The standard insecticide applications were applied with a 3 m boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and 2 suspended on 46 cm drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water/acre with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. The simulated insectigation applications were made with 3, Delvan 100/140, 0.75-inch rain drop nozzles mounted on the high clearance sprayer at tassel height between the rows. This system was calibrated to deliver 5430 gal/acre (47 gal delivered in 2.4 min per plot). This application was equivalent to a 0.2 inch irrigation on the 2 middle rows (the two outside rows received half this amount). The chemicals were added to 200 gal of water in the main tank of the sprayer and agitated by of recirculation. Corn borer evaluations were made in early September by dissecting 10 corn plants in each plot, (5 consecutive corn plants in each of the center two rows). The number of larvae found was recorded along with the length of tunnel associated with larvae. Black light trap catches indicated the European corn borer flight peaked on 7 Aug with the major flight occurring between 1 Aug and 14 Aug.
Control of Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Corn, Johnstown, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were two 50-foot rows separated by a single buffer row, arranged in a randomized complete block design. The corn was furrow irrigated and had been treated with Counter 15G at planting time for control of western corn rootworms. Treatments were applied 15 Aug ‘84 with a CO2 sprayer with 2 nozzles on a 30 inch boom calibrated to deliver 22 gpa at 30 psi. Four ear leaves were marked in each plot and a colony ca. 1 sq inch was marked on each leaf. These colonies were counted at the time of application and the mites within the same areas were counted at each .subsequent sample. Apparent % control = 1 - (postcount/precount) * 100. Adjusted % control = 1 – ((trt postcount/trt precount) * (check precount/check postcount)) * 100 (Henderson and Tilton method).
Effect of Lannate in Varying Volumes of Finished Spray on Control of Fall Armyworm and Yields in Late-Planted Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on 28 Jun at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Soil Type was Waynesboro loam with 2-5% slope. Seven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 30 ft X 4 rows with 5-ft alleys between blocks. Rows were 38 inches apart. Corn was thinned to 33 plants/30 row ft. Lannate insecticide (0.45 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in 6 different finished spray volumes (3-30 gal/acre) on 26 Jul when infestation levels averaged 13.1 larvae/plant. Sprays were applied using different nozzle sizes with a 2.5-gal compressed CO2 sprayer at a constant tank pres.sure of 30 psi. Dead larvae were counted on 30 Jul and percent mortality was determined. Newly damaged whorls were counted on 23 Aug. Ensilage yields were determined on 3 Oct at 72.5% moisture.
True Armyworm Control in No-Till Field Corn in West Virginia, 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied as rescue treatments on 14 Jun. Corn was planted in sod fields in 36-inch rows on 18 May. Stage of growth at treatment time was early whorl (4-6 leaves). Pretreat samples showed an average of 48.2% of plants infested with armyworm larvae and 100% of the plants damaged; moderate to heavy feeding damage was prevalent. Larval length averaged 16.3 mm with most (70%) being 14.9 mm. Liquid formulations were applied by hydraulic sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre at 20 psi. Spray treatments were replicated twice, once each in 2 adjacent fields ranging from 690 to 1100 ft long. Six rows were treated in each field for plot sizes ranging from about 0.3 to 0.5 acres. Bait formulations were applied by hand using a cyclone seeder; plots were about 0.2 acre and not replicated. Efficacy was evaluated on the basis of number of plants infested with larvae at 2 and 8 DAT. Sampling consisted of examining 25 plants at 4 equidistant locations (= 100 plants) in one of the center rows of each replication. Precipitation during the test period totaled 1.11 inches (0.13 inches at 3 DAT and 0.98 inches at 5 DAT). Lannate L was used as a standard for treatment comparisons.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Combinations Against Bollworms on Cotton in Southern North Car-Olina, 1983
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Mann David E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted to 40 in rows on May 9 on Norfolk sandy loam soil near Gibson, NC. Preplant, preemergence and postemergence herbicides were Prowl, Cotoran (banded) and Cotoran (over the top), respectively. Temik was applied at 0.4 lb ai/acre in furrow with 12-13 lb acid delinted, double coated seed. The previous crop was cotton. Plots were 6 rows by 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 8.0 gal/acre with 60 psi at 4 mph with one TX-8 nozzle per row. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion in mid-Jun and on Jul 4 for early bollworm control. The “ovicide” treatments (Cymbush was used as an ovicide in 1 treatment) were applied on Jul 19 and 22; the remaining treatments were applied on Jul 26 and Aug 5, 10, and 18. Live boUworms and damaged fruit were monitored by evaluating 25 squares and 25 bolls per plot (total = 100) within 72 h after treatments. Twenty feet from each of the center 2 rows was hand-harvested for yield comparisons.
Control of Heliothis Spp. and Boll Weevils in Cotton, 1984
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Clower Dan F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two full-season studies were conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of various commercial and experimental insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp, and boll weevils on cotton. Plots in the first study were 8 rows x 64.0 m (1.02-m centers) replicated 4 times. Plots in the second test were 4 rows X 30.5 m (1.02-m centers) replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments in the first study were applied on 10, 16, 24, 30 Jul, 6, 13, 21 and 27 Aug. In the second study, insecticide applications were made on 16, 24, 31 Jul, 7, 14, 22 and 27 Aug. All plots in the first and second study were oversprayed with Orthene 75S (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 25 and 22 Jun, respectively. On 6 Aug, both tests were sprayed with Kelthane MF (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) plus Triton CS-7 (1 qt/100 gal) for spider mite control. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored 2-3 days following each insecticide application by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot. Terminal counts (eggs and live larvae) were not made following the last application date in each study. Data presented represents seasonal means. Yields were determined by mechanical harvest of 4 rows/plot on 17 and 18 Oct in the first test and 2 rows/plot on 19 Oct in the second study.
Effect of Various Insecticides on Pests and Beneficial Insects in Cotton, 1984
Authors: Rover Tom A. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 24 Apr in 40-inch rows at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Soil type was an Hidalgo sandy clay loam. Plots were 50 ft long by 2 rows bordered by 1 row of forage sorghum. Ten treatments were replicated 5 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied through a C02-powered boom mounted on a high-clearance sprayer at a rate of 5.5 gal/acre (4 mph, 45 psi, 5 TX4 hollow-cone nozzles/plot). All plots were oversprayed with Guthion 2L at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre on 28 Jun and 2, 5, 9, and 12 Jul for boll weevil suppression. Insecticide treatments were applied on 19, 23, 26 and 30 Jul and 3 and 6 Aug. Insect populations were monitored weekly with drop cloth samples (1 sample/plot). Beneficial insects were sampled on 9 Aug with a drop cloth (1 sample/plot). Plant damage was monitored weekly with fruit counts from one meter-row areas (1 sample/plot).
Control of Pests on Sorghum in Mississippi, 1983
Authors: Pitre Henry N. , Thead Larry G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Populations of sorghum webworm, corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae (4th-5th instars) were observed on 5 Sep feeding on sorghum cv. Dekalb 42 Y (dough stage), planted on 11 Jul in Oktibbeha County, MS. Populations exceeded 47, 11 and 46 per 10 heads selected randomly from the field for sorghum webworm, corn earworm and fall armyworm, respectively. Plots were 1 row wide and 20 ft in length arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. Insecticides were applied in 10 gal of water per acre with a hand-held compressed air sprayer equipped with a solid-cone nozzle using 30 psi. The time of application was between 3 and 4 p.m. The temperature was ca 89°F. On 9 Sep (day 4 post application) treatment plots were sampled by removing 10 heads randomly from each treatment plot. Sorghum heads for each treatment were placed in paper bags and returned to the lab for examination.
Early Season Control with Soil Applied and Transplant Water Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Jones G. A. , Townsend L. H. , Douglas M. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted 25 May in Maury silt loam soil at Clark Co. KY. Individual plots were 6 rows by 43.56 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design using 4 replications. Plants were spaced 18 inches apart with 42 inches between rows. All plots received 2000 lb/acre of 5-10-15 broadcast and incorporated prior to transplanting. Granular formulations of Furadan and Disyston were applied with a Cyclone seeder 4 days prior to transplanting and incorporated to a depth of 2 inches with a disk harrow. No herbicide was used in the plot. Vydate and Orthene were applied in the transplant water solution at the time of setting.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetle and Green Peach Aphid with Soil Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five soil-applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Granular insecticides were applied and incorporated on 17 May; liquid formulations were applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on 24 May. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows with 40-inch spacing between rows; plants were spaced 18 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely random design. Flea beetle damage was reported as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from the top of the plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Soil type was Hermitage silt loam.
Control of E. Hirtipennis and M. Persicae on Burley Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight foliar applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on 2 Jun. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows spaced 40 inches apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated from each other by 5-ft alleys. Three insecticide applications were made during the season (6 Jul, 26 Jul, 13 Aug). Sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre and tank pressure of 30 psi. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from top of plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases).
Apple, Full Season Acaricide Test, 1984
Authors: Pfeiffer D. G. , Ponton L. F. , Varn M. , Boucher J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several materials were evaluated against mites in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. Four, single-tree replicates were used in a randomized complete block design, of the cultivars ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Stayman’ and ‘York’. Spray dates were 15 May, 31 May, 26 Jun, 31 Jul, 15 Aug and 27 Aug. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Unsprayed buffer trees were left between replicates. Mites were evaluated using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per replicate.
Azalea Caterpillar Control, 1984
Authors: Schultz Peter B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 7 Aug established nursery-grown azaleas were used to test 4 insecticides for control of azalea caterpillar. Larval counts of the replicated treatments were made prior to treatment and 48 h after treatment. Insecticides were applied using a 1-gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Temperature at time of treatment was 78°F and no rainfall occurred prior to evaluation. The insecticides were all effective in controlling the azalea caterpillars within 48h. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Birch, Evaluating Foliar Sprays for Controlling Birch Leafminer, Wayne Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against birch leafminer on 3.5- to 4.5-m-tall birch trees growing in an experimental plot under nursery management conditions at The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center near Wooster. Sprays were applied to individual branches of 4, single-tree replicates using a CO2 compression sprayer with a single SS8004 flat-fan nozzle operating at 40 psi. Trees were sprayed 17 May under cloudy skies at 18°C with no breeze. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated on 12 Jun by counting the number of mined vs. unmined leaves on the terminal 30 cm of 1 sprayed twig per tree.
White Birch, Bronze Birch Borer Control, Wayne Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Birk C. A. , Lanphear L. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mauget’s Inject-A-Cide B (Bidrin) was used in several treatment strategies to control bronze birch borer and to evaluate tree response to injection wounds. Forty Betula platyphylla szechuanica Rehd. infested with bronze birch borer larvae were selected in an experimental planting on campus of The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, near Wooster. Trees were chosen for uniformity of canopy condition and size and averaged 10 cm in diameter at breast height. A technician skilled in Mauget’s microinjection techniques installed 2 capsules on opposite sides of each of 10 trees per treatment just above ground level. Five trees in each group were considered moderately and 5 heavily infested, but none had more than 25% top dieback. on 2 Jul, 10 trees were injected with capsules containing 1 ml of technical Ridrin. On 6 Aug, 2 groups of 10 trees were injected with capsules containing 1 or 2 ml of Bidrin. Five vigorous, uninfested paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh., were injected with 1 ml capsules on 2 Jul; 2 other groups of trees were injected with 1 or 2 ml capsules on 6 Aug. All injected and 10 previously selected, untreated, infested Szechuan birch were felled during September 10-13. Treatment effectiveness was determined by counting the number of live larvae beneath 3 sections of bark 30 cm wide X tree circumference from the bottom 2 m of each tree. Response of uninfested paper birch to injection wounds was evaluated on 2 of 5 treated trees per treatment by inspecting the wound and measuring the size of the wound opening on 11 Oct.
Spring Control of White Grubs on A Golf Course Fairway at Syracuse, Ny, 1984
Authors: Baker P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted in 2 parts: A) 5 liquid materials were applied and irrigated in with 3 gal/100 sq ft with a hand-held sprinkling can, and B) the same 5 liquid materials received no artificial irrigation for 48 h. Insecticides were applied to a fairway in Syracuse, NY with a mixed population of R. majalis and P. japonica. Applications were made May 5 (A) and May 9 (B) for the irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, respectively. The fairway consisted of perennial bluegrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), and bentgrass (10%). Each experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft x 10 ft. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. At treatment times the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature (A) 58°F, (B) 49°F; soil temperature (1 inch), 50°F, (3 inch) 48°F; soil type, loam; soil pH, 6.0; soil moisture, 1.35 (w/d); water pH, 5.5-6; and partly sunny. Part A received 0.75 inch of rain within 24 h after irrigation of treatments. Posttreatment counts were made for A on 16 May (13 days) and 1 Jun (29 days), and for B on 22 May (13 days) and 4 Jun (26 days). Experimental plots were evaluated by cutting a 1 X 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter (depth 2.25 inch) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were determined in the laboratory. Three ft2 samples were taken from each replicate and mean surviving grubs determined per ft2.
Japanese Beetle Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf, 1984
Authors: Gordon F. C. , Cox D. L. , Potter D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on an irrigated Kentucky bluegrass fairway at Lakeside golf course, Lexington, Ky. The initial infestation was ca. 5 third stage grubs per ft2. Thatch accumulation was negligible. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots measured 8 x 8 ft with a 1 ft boundary between each plot. Granular applications were mixed with sand and applied by hand. The 1 liquid application was mixed with water at the proper rate and applied with a 2 gal pressurized sprayer with a cone-type nozzle. Some materials were prepackaged in pressurized hose-end applicators. All treatments were applied on Aug 31. Those applications that were to be irrigated were watered in using the golf course irrigation system. Approximately 1.5 inches of water (pH 7.14) was applied. Those treatments that were not to be watered-in were applied ca. 2 h later, after the turf had dried. Additional irrigation was withheld from the experimental site for 48 h. Surviving grubs were sampled 3 wks later by taking four 0.33-ft2 by 2-inch-deep soil cores from each plot. The cores were broken apart by hand and the grubs counted. Because the variances were proportional to the squares of the treatment means, a logarithmic transformation was used prior to ANOVA.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Luzerne County, Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticide treatments were applied 6 Sep for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (50%), Kentucky bluegrass (20%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 by 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 2 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 75°F; soil temp 1-inch depth, 64°F; soil temp 2-inch depth, 64°F; soil type, silt loam; soil pH, 7.2; % organic matter, 5.0; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.25 inches; and partly cloudy skies. Posttreatment counts were made at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 29 day intervals. Four 0.087 ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle was recorded for each 0.087 ft2. Sod samples were removed by using a 4-inch cup cutter.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Mifflin Co., Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nineteen insecticide treatments were applied 1 Sep for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 by 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1-inch depth, 82°F; soil temp at 2-inch depth, 82°F; soil type, sand loam; soil pH, 6.2; % organic matter, 3.0; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; and partly cloudy skies. Posttreatment counts were made 39 days later (10 Oct). Four ft2 samples were taken from the center of each replicate and the total number of surviving Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample.
Apple, All Season Insecticide Test, 1984
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Herman Elizabeth J. , Hamilton George C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 14-year-old orchard at the Rutgers Tree Fruit Research Center, Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in this test. Sprays were applied to single-tree plots consisting of 2 replicates each of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff, ca. 6 gal/tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Spray dates were 1 May (P), 24-25 May (PF), 11 Jun (1C), 10 Jul (2C), 9 Aug (3C) and 30 Aug (4C). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. ERM estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per tree, brushing mites onto glass plates and counting motile mites. Descriptions of sampling methods for various insects listed in table 1 are as follows: WALH = white apple leafhopper damaged leaves/500 leaves/tree, STLM = spotted tentiform leaf miner damaged leaves/500 leaves/tree, EASF = European apple sawfly damaged fruit clusters/100 fruit clusters/tree, AA = average apple aphids/20 terminals/tree, RAA = rosy apple aphid colonies/tree. In table 2, ERM days = total accumulation of mite days from petal fall (24 May) to last counting date. Mite days were calculated as follows; MD = MDl + [(Ml + M2)/2 x Y], where MDl = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/ leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to log x + 1, x + 0.5 or arcsin x prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. (P = 0.05; DMRT).