bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Artemisia giraldii Pamp.
Authors: Yue Jingwen , Lu Qianqi , Ni Yang , Chen Pinghua , Liu Chang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtemisia giraldii Pamp. is an herbaceous plant distributed only in some areas in China. To understand the evolutionary relationship between plastid and mitochondria in A. giraldii, we sequenced and analysed the plastome and mitogenome of A. giraldii on the basis of Illumina and Nanopore DNA sequencing data. The mitogenome was 194,298 bp long, and the plastome was 151,072 bp long. The mitogenome encoded 56 genes, and the overall GC content was 45.66%. Phylogenetic analysis of the two organelle genomes revealed that A. giraldii is located in the same branching position. We found 13 pairs of homologous sequences between the plastome and mitogenome, and only one of them might have transferred from the plastid to the mitochondria. Gene selection pressure analysis in the mitogenome showed that ccmFc, nad1, nad6, atp9, atp1 and rps12 may undergo positive selection. According to the 18 available plastome sequences, we found 17 variant sites in two hypervariable regions that can be used in completely distinguishing 18 Artemisia species. The most interesting discovery was that the mitogenome of A. giraldii was only 43,226 bp larger than the plastome. To the best of our knowledge, this study represented one of the smallest differences between all sequenced mitogenomes and plastomes from vascular plants. The above results can provide a reference for future taxonomic and molecular evolution studies of Asteraceae species.
Convolution neural network with batch normalization and inception-residual modules for Android malware classification
Authors: Liu TianYue , Zhang HongQi , Long HaiXia , Shi Jinmei , Yao YuHua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep learning technology is changing the landscape of cybersecurity research, especially the study of large amounts of data. With the rapid growth in the number of malware, developing of an efficient and reliable method for classifying malware has become one of the research priorities. In this paper, a new method, BIR-CNN, is proposed to classify of Android malware. It combines convolution neural network (CNN) with batch normalization and inception-residual (BIR) network modules by using 347-dim network traffic features. CNN combines inception-residual modules with a convolution layer that can enhance the learning ability of the model. Batch Normalization can speed up the training process and avoid over-fitting of the model. Finally, experiments are conducted on the publicly available network traffic dataset CICAndMal2017 and compared with three traditional machine learning algorithms and CNN. The accuracy of BIR-CNN is 99.73% in binary classification (2-classifier). Moreover, the BIR-CNN can classify malware by its category (4-classifier) and malicious family (35-classifier), with a classification accuracy of 99.53% and 94.38%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model is an effective method for Android malware classification, especially in malware category and family classifier.
Fuel cell performance improvement via the steric effect of a hydrocarbon-based binder for cathode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Cha Jung-Eun , Cho Won Jae , Hwang Jeemin , Seo Dong-Jun , Choi Young-Woo , Kim Won Bae 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) having cardo-type fluorenyl groups (FL-SPES) was investigated as a cathodic binder to improve fuel cell performance via increased the oxygen diffusion in the cathode. The maximum power density achieved by using the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with FL-SPES with a low ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.31 meq g–1 was 520 mW cm–2, which is more than twice as high as that of BP-SPES (210 mW cm–2) having typical biphenyl groups with a similar IEC. At high IEC of 1.55 meq g–1, the power density obtained by using BP-SPES was improved to 454 mW cm–2 but remained lower than that of FL-SPES. In addition, although the IEC, swelling degree, and specific resistance were similar to each other, the gas permeability of FL-SPES was improved by approximately three times compared to that of BP-SPES. The steric structure of cardo-type FL-SPES increased the free volume between the polymer backbones, leading to an increase in gas transfer. Consequently, oxygen diffusion was promoted at the cathode, resulting in improved fuel cell performance.
Towards phase-stabilized Fourier domain mode-locked frequency combs
Authors: Grill Christin , Blömker Torben , Schmidt Mark , Kastner Dominic , Pfeiffer Tom , Kolb Jan Philip , Draxinger Wolfgang , Karpf Sebastian , Jirauschek Christian , Huber Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers are some of the fastest wavelength-swept light sources, and used in many applications like optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT endoscopy, Raman microscopy, light detection and ranging, and two-photon microscopy. For a deeper understanding of the underlying laser physics, it is crucial to investigate the light field evolution of the FDML laser and to clarify whether the FDML laser provides a frequency comb structure. In this case, the FDML would output a coherent sweep in frequency with a stable phase relation between output colours. To get access to the phase of the light field, a beat signal measurement with a stable, monochromatic laser is performed. Here we show experimental evidence of a well-defined phase evolution and a comb-like structure of the FDML laser. This is in agreement with numerical simulations. This insight will enable new applications in jitter-free spectral-scanning, coherent, synthetic THz-generation and as metrological time-frequency ruler.
Temporal lineage replacements and dominance of imported variants of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya
Authors: Kimita Gathii , Nyataya Josphat , Omuseni Esther , Sigei Faith , Lemtudo Alan , Muthanje Eric , Andika Brian , Liyai Rehema , Githii Rachel , Masakwe Clement , Ochola Stephen , Awinda George , Kifude Carol , Mutai Beth , Gatata Robert M. , Waitumbi John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Kenya’s COVID-19 epidemic was seeded early in March 2020 and did not peak until early August 2020 (wave 1), late-November 2020 (wave 2), mid-April 2021 (wave 3), late August 2021 (wave 4), and mid-January 2022 (wave 5).

Methods
Here, we present SARS-CoV-2 lineages associated with the five waves through analysis of 1034 genomes, which included 237 non-variants of concern and 797 variants of concern (VOC) that had increased transmissibility, disease severity or vaccine resistance.

Results
In total 40 lineages were identified. The early European lineages (B.1 and B.1.1) were the first to be seeded. The B.1 lineage continued to expand and remained dominant, accounting for 60% (72/120) and 57% (45/79) in waves 1 and 2 respectively. Waves three, four and five respectively were dominated by VOCs that were distributed as follows: Alpha 58.5% (166/285), Delta 92.4% (327/354), Omicron 95.4% (188/197) and Beta at 4.2% (12/284) during wave 3 and 0.3% (1/354) during wave 4. Phylogenetic analysis suggests multiple introductions of variants from outside Kenya, more so during the first, third, fourth and fifth waves, as well as subsequent lineage diversification.

Conclusions
The data highlights the importance of genome surveillance in determining circulating variants to aid interpretation of phenotypes such as transmissibility, virulence and/or resistance to therapeutics/vaccines.
Biomimetic directional transport for sustainable liquid usage
Authors: Ma Jie , Dong Zhichao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThrough hundreds of millions of evolution, animals and plants have possessed their unique structures to adapt to natural variations. As a familiar process, liquid transportation plays an important part in both production and life, and researchers focus on how to achieve this process in a convenient and efficient way without energy input. Inspired by nature, various bioinspired structures are reported and have won multiple achievements. This review starts from basic theory about surface wettability, and then summarises the creatures with special liquid transport functions as well as crucial structures that cause this phenomenon. Next, the recent articles about transporting liquid by bioinspired materials are introduced. Finally, we proposed a brief conclusion and the prospect of bionic materials in the future.
Developing phoneme‐based lip‐reading sentences system for silent speech recognition
Authors: El‐Bialy Randa , Chen Daqing , Fenghour Souheil , Hussein Walid , Xiao Perry , Karam Omar H. , Li Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLip‐reading is a process of interpreting speech by visually analysing lip movements. Recent research in this area has shifted from simple word recognition to lip‐reading sentences in the wild. This paper attempts to use phonemes as a classification schema for lip‐reading sentences to explore an alternative schema and to enhance system performance. Different classification schemas have been investigated, including character‐based and visemes‐based schemas. The visual front‐end model of the system consists of a Spatial‐Temporal (3D) convolution followed by a 2D ResNet. Transformers utilise multi‐headed attention for phoneme recognition models. For the language model, a Recurrent Neural Network is used. The performance of the proposed system has been testified with the BBC Lip Reading Sentences 2 (LRS2) benchmark dataset. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art approaches in lip‐reading sentences, the proposed system has demonstrated an improved performance by a 10% lower word error rate on average under varying illumination ratios.
Decomposition mechanism of environmentally friendly insulating medium HFO1234zeE/N2 gas mixture under partial discharge
Authors: Lin Lin , Chen Qingguo , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Hui , Li Huiyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrofluoroolefin HFO1234zeE (trans‐1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoroprop‐1‐ene) is an environmentally friendly gas insulating medium that has the potential to replace SF6. To clarify the decomposition paths and products of an HFO1234zeE/N2 gas mixture under partial discharge, the decomposition mechanism is explored with density functional theory. The results indicate that only HFO1234zeE molecules decompose in the range of low‐temperature plasma, and electrons with different energies interact with molecules and cause them to decompose through different paths. Then, products are generated by free radical recombination, addition reactions and internal configurational conversions of the molecule. An experimental investigation of decomposition of the HFO1234zeE/N2 gas mixture with different discharge modes is carried out, and it is found that the products calculated with density functional theory are consistent with those seen experimentally. The results show the decomposition mechanism of the insulating gas under partial discharge and provide a theoretical basis for the application of HFO1234zeE.
Traffic emissions management using capacity formulation and multi‐modal road space allocation
Authors: Abubakar Amina Baby , Tenekeci Goktug 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ever‐rising traffic volumes and congestion in cities have long constituted concerns for traffic safety and the economy. Moreover, traffic has been recognised as a significant contributor to emissions leading to serious environmental and public health problems, becoming the greatest contributor to premature deaths. In response to global policies, this paper introduces unique evaluation of road capacity with studied impediment factors, demonstrating the need for better road space allocation. Speed and capacity formulation for each factor is a unique contribution to knowledge as presented. The developed formulation depicts poor road space allocation along Birmingham's routes as speed reduces by 13 km/h, and capacity reduction of 400 vehicles/lane/h. A proven method of integrating microsimulation and environmental assessment tools show that CO2 increases by 18%, NOx by 23%, and PM by 6%, with reduced traffic movement due to poor road space allocation. This analysis bridges the gap in knowledge so far reported on road space allocation, showing evidence of significant contribution to European Union Directive on air pollution exceedance. Lastly, evidence from this analysis is used to develop traffic management proposals for a more sustainable road space re‐allocation. This provides a unique and measurable impact on the environment for the ‘Birmingham Transport Plan’.
Multi-frequency angular power spectrum of the 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionisation using the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Trott Cathryn M. , Mondal Rajesh , Mellema Garrelt , Murray Steven G. , Greig Bradley , Line Jack L. B. , Barry Nichole , Morales Miguel F. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The Multi-frequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) is an alternative to spherically averaged power spectra, and computes local fluctuations in the angular power spectrum without need for line-of-sight spectral transform.
Aims. We aimed to test different approaches to MAPS and treatment of the foreground contamination, and compare with the spherically averaged power spectrum, and the single-frequency angular power spectrum.
Methods. We applied the MAPS to 110 h of data in z = 6.2 − 7.5 obtained for the Murchison Widefield Array Epoch of Reionisation experiment to compute the statistical power of 21 cm brightness temperature fluctuations. In the presence of bright foregrounds, a filter was applied to remove large-scale modes prior to MAPS application, significantly reducing MAPS power due to systematics.
Results. The MAPS showed a contrast of 102–103 to a simulated 21 cm cosmological signal for spectral separations of 0−4 MHz after application of the filter, reflecting results for the spherically averaged power spectrum. The single-frequency angular power spectrum was also computed. At z = 7.5 and l = 200, we found an angular power of 53 mK2, exceeding a simulated cosmological signal power by a factor of one thousand. Residual spectral structure, inherent to the calibrated data, and not spectral leakage from large-scale modes, was the dominant source of systematic power bias. The single-frequency angular power spectrum yielded slightly poorer results compared with the spherically averaged power spectrum, having applied a spectral filter to reduce foregrounds. Exploration of other filters may improve this result, along with consideration of wider bandwidths.
Endocavitary Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Vollert Kurt , Clevert Dirk Andre , Kleffel Timm 
Published: August 2022

Background Ultrasound is one of the most important imaging methods in the daily routine. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has put ultrasound on equal footing with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in many areas. Although ultrasound contrast agents are commonly administered intravenously, endocavitary application as performed in the case of iodine-containing contrast agents is also possible.
Method Based on the current literature, this overview provides information regarding possible endocavitary applications of ultrasound contrast agents as they are used and could be used in the daily routine in radiology. Examples are provided to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of clinical use.
Results and Conclusion Endocavitary CEUS broadens the spectrum of possible ultrasound applications and can be safely used for patient diagnosis and treatment. The method can be safely used for diagnosis and patient management, particularly in patients in whom examinations including exposure to radiation with iodine-containing contrast agents may be contraindicated and who have limited mobility due to disease severity.
Key points:
Citation Format
Two Years of Cytology and HPV Co-Testing in Germany: Initial Experience
Authors: Xhaja Arjola , Ahr André , Zeiser Ilona , Ikenberg Hans 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction On 1 January 2020 the screening programme for the prevention of cervical cancer in women from the age of 35 years of the Statutory Health Insurance (GKV) in Germany
changed from an annual cytology examination to cytological and HPV co-testing carried out every three years. A large standard diagnostics laboratory has been using liquid-based cytology
(LBC) with computer-assisted screening (CAS) since 1 January 2020 to assess the samples.
Patients and Methods The cytological and HPV results for all cases examined with co-testing from 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2021 (n = 395759) are reported and the cytology results obtained
using co-testing are compared with the results obtained using only conventional primary cytology screening from the two previous years (n = 588192). Cytology tests were carried out using LBC
and computer-assisted screening. A DNA PCR test which can identify 14 types of HPV was used for HPV testing. The cytology results are reported using the Munich Nomenclature III, which is
mandatory in Germany, and converted to The Bethesda System (TBS). Problems occurring during the implementation phase are described here.
Results A total of 983951 cases who had primary screening between 01.01.2018 and 31.12.2021 were analysed. The HR HPV-positive rate with co-testing for all age groups was 6.41%. Of
this group, 16.31% were positive for HPV-16, 4.43% for HPV-18, and 71.40% had one or more of the other 12 HR HPV types. Several different HPV types were identified in 7.86% of cases. The
HPV-positive rate for cases with unremarkable cytological findings was 4.03%. 0.46% of tests were technically invalid. The results of primary cytology screening for 2020/21 (LBC) were: Pap 0
(TBS: unsatisfactory) 0.09%, Pap I and Pap II-a (NILM) 96.82%, Pap II-p/g (~ASC-US/AGC) 1.23%, Pap III-p/g (~ASC-H/AGC) 0.19%, Pap III D1 (LSIL) 1.08%, Pap III D2 (HSIL) 0.31%, Pap IVa/b-p/g
(HSIL/AIS) 0.18%, and Pap V-p/g (carcinoma) 0.01%. The rates for 2018/19 (conventional cytology without routine testing for HPV) were significantly higher for Pap II-p/g (1.64%) and
significantly lower for Pap III-p/g (0.13%), Pap III D1 (0.45%), Pap III D2 (0.10%) and Pap IVa/b-p/g (0.05%).
Conclusion Evaluation of the data for the two first years of cytology and HPV co-testing from a standard diagnostics laboratory found low HR HPV-positive rates. As regards the
cytology tests, the Pap II-p/g rate was significantly lower and the ≥ Pap III rate was significantly higher compared to the two previous years. This points to a probable higher sensitivity
and specificity of the new method.
Advanced Glycation End Products: Do They Impair Bone Health in
Diabetes?
Authors: Papachristou Stella , Rizzo Manfredi , Papanas Nikolaos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn diabetes mellitus (DM), there is increased formation and accumulation of
advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which represent a heterogeneous class of
molecules produced by non-enzymatic glycation of various molecules during
long-term hyperglycaemia. Several studies have examined the role of AGEs in DM
complications. Accumulating evidence suggests that AGEs affect bone metabolism.
New knowledge indicates that they may play a role in bone disease among DM
subjects. More data are now needed to clarify their role and to explore new
AGEs-based therapeutic options for optimal bone health in DM.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Craniovertebral Junction Lesions: A Case Series of 18 Patients
Authors: Alijani Babak , Namin Ahmad K. , Emamhadi Mohammadreza , Chabok Shahrokh Y. , Behzadnia Hamid , Haghani Dogahe Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Odontoid pathologies constitute a special category because they may lead to instability. Instability is defined by abnormal spinal alignment under physiologic conditions (loads) such as standing, walking, bending, or lifting. Since instability poses a risk of cord damage, surgical interventions may be required for durable long-term stabilization. This study demonstrates operative technique and results of endoscopic endonasal approach to the odontoid pathologies.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study involving 18 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) due to craniovertebral pathologies. Demographic data, clinical features of the patients, risk factors, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported in this series.
Results Satisfactory outcomes achieved in 16 patients based on comparing the modified Rankin scale before and after the surgery (p = 0.0001). The mean duration for EEO was 232.6 ± 18.8 minutes. The mean blood loss during surgery was 386.67 ± 153.04 mL. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7 days. All patients were extubated within a few hours after surgery. Despite of successful anterior decompression in the aforementioned cases, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, postoperative meningitis, and pulmonary thromboembolism occurred as complications. However, two intraoperative CSF leakages were managed by direct dural repair and fat graft; two patients died due to postoperative meningitis and pulmonary thromboembolism at 7 and 4 days after the second surgery.
Conclusion In conclusion, EEO can be effectively used for anterior decompression of the odontoid pathologies, despite the risk of complications.
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes following Surgery Combined with Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Patients with Frontal Sinus Malignancies
Authors: Wang Ze-Kun , Yi Jun-Lin , Zhang Ye , Wu Run-Ye , Zhang Jiang-Hu , Wang Jing-Bo , Chen Xue-Song , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Huang Xiao-Dong , Gao Li , Xu Guo-Zhen , Luo Jing-Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives Primary frontal sinus malignancies (FSMs) are the rarest sinonasal cancers. This study aimed to determine clinicopathologic characteristics of primary FSMs and provide long-term survival outcomes.
Design This study is a retrospective review.
Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary medical center.
Participants Patients who participated in this study were diagnosed with primary FSMs.
Main Outcome Measures Median survival time is the primary outcome measure of this study.
Results In this series, the median age was 48 years (30–53 years) and all patients were male. There were five cases with squamous cell carcinoma and one with osteosarcoma. All cases presented with locally advanced disease without regional lymphatic metastasis, including five cases of stage III and one case of stage II. The two most common pathways of tumor invasion were as follows: local tumor broke posteriorly through bone wall and invaded dura mater, followed by frontal lobe; local tumor infiltrated downward through the floor of frontal sinus into ethmoid sinus, thereafter invaded laterally orbit and orbital contents. All patients received surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy at the total doses of 50 to 75.95 Gy. Among them, only one patient underwent R0 resection, the rest of patients underwent R1/R2 resection. With a median survival time of 56 months (32–76 months), two patients receiving R1/R2 resection developed treatment failure and died within 5 years, including one case with local recurrence and one with local recurrence, thereafter distant metastasis.
Conclusion The majority of FSMs presented with peripherally invasive progression lesions which led to a high ratio of R1/R2 resection. Surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy might result in satisfactory efficacy.