bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy determination in the problem of the analysing an electrical network state under the condition of independence of functioning of its elements
Authors: Dulesov A S , Dulesova N V , Karandeev D Y , Bazhenov R I , Karandeeva I Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The possibility of applying the measure of information uncertainty (entropy) in structural reliability analysis of electricity distribution networks is assessed. The essential factors influencing the process of reliability analysis and related to the presence of information uncertainty are highlighted. The peculiarities of reliability analysis in network designing and operation, when it is required to estimate the state of elements and choose the efficient structure of a network are considered. The opportunities and limitations in the application of existing methods of structural reliability analysis are evaluated; it proves the importance of information uncertainty measurement. The conceptual apparatus of entropy includes the mathematical procedure of its calculation. Fail-safe operation probability and probability of network element failure are taken as reliability index. The mathematical expressions proposed for calculating entropy are applicable when there are two independently functioning network elements, each of which will be able to be in one of two states with a fraction of probability: operable and non-operable. The obtained results allowed identifying the more reliable elements/objects. The application of the proposed mathematical procedure allows to compare network elements with each other through the value of entropy and to choose the most reliable ones. Thus, the proposed solution is a preliminary step in the uncertainty removal task.
Application of plasma technologies for increasing catalysts activity in the chemical industry
Authors: Pavlov Vladimir B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the results of processing some catalysts used in the chemical industry using plasma technologies. The catalysts already used in production were treated in vacuum with a beam of argon ions with the addition of oxygen. The experiments were carried out with different values of the ion beam current and the energy of its ions. As a result of the experiments, it turned out that the characteristics of plasma-treated catalysts already used turned out to be close to those of fresh catalysts.
Influence of water filtration rate on the functionality of the mining tailings dam
Authors: Kalashnik N A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By the example of one of the mining tailings dams on the Kola Peninsula the functionality of its guarding dam was investigated. For this purpose, a hydrogeomechanical 3D model was created, reflecting geometrical dimensions, geomechanical and hydraulic conditions of the dam operation. Using Plaxis 3D, calculations were made for 16 variants of increase of the coefficient of transverse filtration of water through the dam body. The dependences of soil displacements and volumes of filtered water on the degree of decrease of filtration stability of the dam were determined. The obtained results make it possible to determine graphically or arithmetically the predicted values of displacements and volumes of filtered water on the basis of the filtration coefficient measured in full-scale conditions. The applied methodical approach provides a scientific and technical basis for predicting the mechanical and filtration stability of the mine tailings dam for its specific geomechanical and hydraulic conditions.
Transformation of hydrostatic state in watercourse formation and scouring of tailings dam
Authors: Kalashnik A I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Model studies of the conditions of transition of the hydrogeomechanical state of the tailings dam into the filtration instability of the enclosing dam have been carried out in this work. Modelling of deformation and filtration processes in the hydrogeomechanical 3D model, built on the example of one of the mining enterprises of the Kola Peninsula, was applied. Model peculiarities of reconsolidation of the tailings pond soil, the guarding dam and the underlying geological basis were revealed. The values of stability coefficient of the guarding dam at given rates of water filtration through its body are determined. The model laws of transformation of the hydrogeomechanical state of the tailings dam of the mining enterprise are established. The obtained results provide scientific and technical basis for providing industrial and ecological safety of tailings dams, both of operating mining enterprises and mothballed facilities for storing of reclamated mining wastes.
The use of heat pipes in drying plants in the processing of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Kholikov Alijon , Khikmatov Doniyor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article describes the use of heat pipes in drying plants in the processing of fruits and vegetables, selected coolant and material for heat pipes that are used in the drying process. A method is proposed for creating a vacuum for heat pipes, which will reduce the boiling point of the coolant inside the heat pipes. With experimental data, a laboratory experimental drying plant was developed and the temperature characteristics of the installation were determined.
Impacts of first- and second-order optimization in deep learning of turbulent fluctuations from gas puff imaging
Authors: Mathews Abhilash 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Following the results of [1], which demonstrates a novel method to translate 2-dimensional measurements of HeI line radiation on turbulent scale into local plasma fluctuations via an integrated deep learning framework, this manuscript investigates the results when applying two separate techniques for optimization: Adam and L-BFGS. Fundamentally, the two approaches apply the same set of constraints and loss functions that combine neutral transport physics and collisional radiative theory for the 33D − 23P (587.6 nm line) transition in atomic helium whilst training the networks. The impact of these first- and second-order optimization techniques are investigated to examine their influence on numerical convergence and stability when seeking to analyze turbulent dynamics via gas puff imaging in experimental plasmas.
Non-linear free boundary simulations of the plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations in ASDEX Upgrade plasmas
Authors: Mitterauer V , Hoelzl M , Willensdorfer M , Dunne M , Schwarz N , Artola J , Team JOREK , Team ASDEX Upgrade 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A promising method for the control of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) in H-Mode tokamak plasmas is the application of Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs), where small helical field perturbations are introduced into the plasma via a set of external coils. While RMPs are used for suppression of ELMs in many present-day tokamaks, the mechanisms that lead to RMP-ELM control are still subject of debate.
Here, we use the non-linear MHD code JOREK to investigate the penetration of the magnetic perturbation fields into ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) plasmas. We present an extension of the coupled JOREK-STARWALL code, that replaces the commonly used fixed boundary treatment with a free boundary treatment. Instead of prescribing the magnetic field at the boundary according to the vacuum field using Dirichlet boundary conditions, natural boundary conditions are applied, so that the magnetic field and plasma current density are evolving freely at the boundary. This allows a fully self-consistent development of the plasma response and the magnetic perturbation in the whole computational domain. The direct comparison of both approaches demonstrates that the artificial suppression of the plasma response with the fixed boundary treatment reduces the excitation of marginally stable modes. An overall larger perturbation is observed using the free boundary approach.
The presented simulations are performed in realistic geometry with fully realistic plasma parameters and plasma flows based on reconstructions of experimental AUG equilibria. While the use of realistic plasma parameters makes the simulations particularly challenging, it also allows for quantitative comparisons to the experiment. When the RMP induced corrugation of the boundary is compared to electron density measurements from the lithium beam emission spectroscopy, only the free boundary approach shows excellent agreement with the experiment.
Account of non-standard orbits in computations of neoclassical toroidal viscous torque in the resonant plateau regime of a tokamak
Authors: Buchholz R , Kasilov S V , Kernbichler W , Grabenwarter L , Savchenko A A , Albert C G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article extends theoretical details based on a short paper originally submitted to the 2022 EPS conference in plasma physics [1]. The quasilinear theory of resonant transport regimes in a tokamak is developed for the general case of orbits forming various classes separated in phase space by homoclinic orbits with infinite bounce time. Beyond standard orbits (banana and passing orbits) also all types of non-standard orbits (e.g. “potato” orbits) are taken into account. In case of a weak radial electric field, such orbits are usually present only near the magnetic axis. If the radial electric field cannot be treated as weak, there can be arbitrary many classes, located elsewhere. The present approach covers all such cases and is demonstrated on a specific example of a radial electric field profile. The resulting quasilinear kinetic equation is applicable to compute neoclassical toroidal viscous (NTV) torque in a tokamak with non-axisymmetric magnetic field perturbations. A fully non-local approach to NTV computation has been realized in the upgraded version of the code NEO-RT. Based on a generalization of magnetic flux surfaces to drift surfaces, the notion of a local thermodynamic equilibrium is extended for our purpose. We obtain an expression for the integral toroidal torque within a chosen flux surface and dicuss means to compute such integrals taking singularities in bounce and precession frequencies into account.
Linear stability of the JET H-mode pedestal
Authors: Hamed M. , Pueschel M.J. , Citrin J. , Muraglia M. , Garbet X. , Camenen Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The stability of microtearing (MT) in the JET H-mode pedestal is investigated by means of both linear gyrokinetic simulations using the GENE code and a theoretical calculation. In order to determined the role played by MT in tokamak pedestal and to evaluate the role played by physical parameters, on MT destabilization a reduced linear model has been presented and compared with gyrokinetic simulations. The analytical model allows a good prediction of the impact of the different physical parameters, like the collisionality in the pedestal.
Iterative approach to linear ideal MHD modeling of plasma response to 3D magnetic perturbations in tokamaks
Authors: Lainer P , Kasilov S V , Kernbichler W , Reichelt M , Albert C G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The class of plasma instabilities known as edge-localized modes (ELMs) is of special concern in tokamaks operating in high-confinement mode, such as ASDEX Upgrade and ITER. One strategy for ELM mitigation is the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) via external coils. Kinetic modeling accurately describes the plasma response to these RMPs ab initio, particularly the parallel shielding currents at resonant surfaces. Away from resonant surfaces, ideal magnetohydrodynamics (iMHD) is expected to yield sufficiently accurate results, providing a computationally less expensive option that could complement kinetic modeling.
The code MEPHIT has been developed to solve the linearized iMHD equations in a way that is compatible with iterative kinetic modeling approaches. We consider an axisymmetric iMHD equilibrium in realistic tokamak geometry under the influence of a quasi-static non-axisymmetric external perturbation from ELM mitigation coils. The plasma responds to this external magnetic perturbation with a current perturbation, which in turn produces a magnetic field perturbation. The resulting fixed-point equation can be solved in a self-consistent manner by preconditioned iterations in which Ampère’s equation and the magnetic differential equations for pressure and current are solved in alternation until convergence is reached. After expansion in toroidal Fourier harmonics, these equations are solved on a triangular mesh in the poloidal plane using finite elements. These results are then benchmarked against established codes.
Ion temperature profile importance in collisional sheath modelling
Authors: Mun J-H , Muraglia M , Agullo O , Arnas C , Couedel L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A plasma fluid model is being developed for the simulation of a direct current plasma discharge simulation including the sheath regions. The code uses a second order centered finite difference scheme and time integration is done by strong stability preserving third order Runge-Kutta method. The separation of scalar and vectorial quantities in two different grids gives stable results. After validation by comparison with theoretical ion sheath profiles, a one dimensional direct current argon discharge was simulated and compared to 1D3v particle-in-cell simulation results. It is shown that the inclusion of a non constant ion temperature profile is mandatory in fluid models in order to recover correct increase of ion velocity in sheaths and thus to simulate direct current (DC) discharges where collisions are not negligible in the sheaths.
Numerical Investigation of the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) Physics in DTT
Authors: Cardinali A. , Baiocchi B. , Castaldo C. , Bilato R. , Brambilla M. , Casiraghi I. , Ceccuzzi S. , Napoli F. , Ravera G. L. , Tuccillo A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An extensive linear analysis of the ICRH propagation and absorption in DTT full heating scenario has been performed by means of three advanced numerical tools: DISEMAG, FELICE and TORIC. The numerical codes solve respectively the full dispersion relation in the complex domain of the wavenumber (DISEMAG) and the integro-differential equation that accounts for the correct evaluation of the ICRH power absorption in a slab plasma (FELICE) and in the tokamak equilibrium configuration (TORIC). Moreover, by incorporating the antenna conceptual design, as released by the engineering design team, in FELICE and TORIC, the power spectrum, radiated by the antenna (3 straps) and coupled to the plasma, has been evaluated in the case of 60 and 90 MHz (3He and H minority heating respectively). By extensively using the abovementioned suite of codes, and after establishing the plasma target (fixing tokamak dimensions, density, temperatures, plasma current, magnetic field, isotopic composition, etc.), and the antenna characteristics (number, dimension, pitch, and radial position of the straps, antenna size, etc.), the power absorption on the various species (electrons, majority and minority ions) has been calculated as function of the minority concentration, parallel wavenumber, frequency, harmonic resonant layer, etc.. Comparison between the codes DISEMAG and TORIC in evaluating the absorption on electrons and minority ions has also been performed and shows a good agreement of the results. A new ion heating scheme based on three ions mixture has also been proposed in DTT.
Time evolution and finite element representation of Phase Space Zonal Structures in ORB5
Authors: Bottino A. , Falessi M.V. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Biancalani A. , Briguglio S. , Hatzky R. , Lauber Ph. , Mishchenko A. , Poli E. , Rettino B. , Vannini F. , Wang X. , Zonca F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Phase Space Zonal Structures (PSZSs), obtained by averaging out dependencies on angle-like variables in the energetic particle (EP) distribution function, play a fundamental role in regulating EP transport induced by Alfvén instabilities in burning plasmas, acting as a slowly varying nonlinear equilibrium state. Therefore, they are of great interest for the development of reduced models for the description of EP heat and particle transport on long time scales, comparable with the energy confinement time, for future burning plasma experiments. In this work, we propose an efficient finite element based projection of the time evolution of the PSZS, suited for global particle-in-cell (PIC) gyrokinetic (GK) codes. The resulting algorithm has been implemented in the global GK PIC code ORB5. PSZSs can not only be used for validating reduced models, but also as a diagnostic tool for characterizing the nonlinear interaction in phase space between Alfvén instabilities and EPs in global GK simulations.
A new network of electric field mills at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Büsken Max 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest ground-based experiment for the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In a hybrid approach, many detectors – including radio antennas – observe the extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays. As part of the AugerPrime upgrade, new antennas will be installed on each of the surface-detector stations covering a total area of around 3000 km2. This will allow us to study the mass composition of cosmic rays arriving with large inclination angles.
The radio emission of air showers is heavily influenced in the presence of strong atmospheric electric fields during thunderstorm conditions. In that case measured data are difficult to interpret and therefore the atmospheric electric field over the array has to be monitored. We present the design and status of a new network of electric field mills (EFM) that will be used to take on this task. We show how we plan to perform the measurements with an absolute calibration. In addition, the electric-field data will be useful for other studies related to atmospheric electricity.
Detecting Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes with CubeSats: the scientific payload of the LIGHT-1 mission
Authors: Di Giovanni A , Arneodo F. , Alkindi L. , Benabderrahmane M. L. , Mannino M. , Oikonomou P. , Kalos S. , Torres R. , Franchi G. , Perillo L. , Conicella V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are a prompt, high energy, very intense natural emission of gamma rays from Earth’s atmosphere. Consisting of an upward sub-millisecond bursts of gamma rays (energy up to one hundred MeV), TGFs are mostly generated in powerful thunderstorms by lightnings. Given their production mechanism, several TGF counterparts can be detected too (mostly radio waves, electron beams and neutrons from photo-production). To investigate the X- and gamma-ray components, the ideal experiment is a space-borne instrument, operating at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and featuring a fast detector response, possibly with spectral abilities. The CubeSat space mission LIGHT-1, launched in December 21st, 2021 and deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) on February 3rd, 2022, has been tailored around such physics requirements and it represents the technological demonstrator of possible larger missions to detect and localize TGF events. LIGHT-1 will help in making advancements in the TGF current knowledge: TGF occurring rates, average ignition altitude, production mechanism and effects on daily life on Earth are yet to be fully modeled and understood. In this paper the main characteristics of LIGHT-1 mission and the first preliminary flight data are reported.
Correcting MAGIC Telescope data taken under non-optimal atmospheric conditions with an elastic LIDAR
Authors: Schmuckermaier Felix , Gaug Markus , Fruck Christian , Hahn Alexander , Acciari Victor , Besenrieder Jürgen , Prester Dijana Dominis , Dorner Daniela , Fink David , Font Lluís , Mićanović Saša , Mirzoyan Razmik , Müller Dominik , Pavletić Lovro , Will Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes are a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). IACTs make calorimetric use of the Earth’s atmosphere, which allows them to reach large effective areas, but also makes them strongly dependent on the quality of the atmosphere at the time of the observations. Dust intrusions or clouds obscuring the observed Cherenkov light can then lead to a wrong reconstruction of the gamma-ray data. In order to mitigate this problem, the MPP group built and has been operating a single wavelength elastic LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) system to perform real time ranged-resolved measurements of the aerosol transmission. This information is then used to quantify the quality of the telescope data, as well as to correct the data taken under suboptimal aerosol conditions. In this talk, the correction of atmospherically impaired IACT data will be described and the first systematic evaluation of the correction capabilities of the LIDAR system will be presented. The results describe the impact of the LIDAR corrections for a variety of atmospheric and observational conditions, and therefore contribute to a better understanding of the telescope’s performance and related systematic uncertainties.
Design, modeling, and characteristic analysis of an index finger exoskeleton for rehabilitation
Authors: Zhang Hanzhe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the rehabilitation hand exoskeleton robot is the current research hotspot, it can play a great role in patients’ hand rehabilitation and can replace the rehabilitation physician to treat the patient. Many of today’s rehabilitation hand exoskeleton robots can not achieve a good rehabilitation effect. In order to improve the treatment effect of the rehabilitation hand exoskeleton robot on patients and alleviate the pressure of insufficient human hands in China’s rehabilitation physicians, this paper, on the basis of analyzing the biological characteristics of the human hand, focuses on the functional analysis of the rehabilitation exoskeleton hand, the mechanical structure design of the exoskeleton hand, Kinematic analysis, Modeling and simulation to design an exoskeleton hand using a one-wheel-two way combining sliding guide rod and SEA tandem elastic drive to achieve the mechanism that can adjust the stretch according to the length of the finger and the rehabilitation force perpendicular for the purpose of the finger surface. A closed-loop structure is established to analyze the mechanism of plane motion of the structure and the coupling of the structure and the range of motion of the human hand. Through simulation analysis of the motion trajectory of the structure and the stability of the dynamic model analysis system based on the force source control method to establish a dynamic model of the tandem elastic drive, the results show that the DIP joint rotation angle is 16-73 degrees, the PIP joint rotation angle is 0-108 degrees, and the MP joint is 0-86 degrees, which is basically consistent with the human hand, and the series elastic drive should choose a smaller stiffness and larger damping to ensure the stability of the system.