bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ore‐forming process of the Haigou gold deposit in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NE China: Constrains from EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of Au‐bearing pyrite
Authors: Chen Yuanlin , Li Huan , Zheng Chaoyang , Elatikpo Safiyanu Muhammad , Cheng Shanlin , Jiang Wenting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Haigou lode deposit, containing 40 t of gold at an average grade of 3.5 g/t, is one of the largest deposits in the Jiapigou gold belt located along the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit comprises 15 gold‐bearing quartz veins hosted in a Carboniferous monzonite–monzogranite stock. Although many studies relating the genesis of this deposit have been carried previously, the understanding of ore‐forming process remains controversial. In this study, we combined field geological mapping with petrography, Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) and in situ LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of gold‐bearing pyrite to provide new insight into the genesis of the gold deposit. Our results show that Au in the Haigou gold deposit mainly exists in the form of native gold. LA‐ICP‐MS in situ multi‐element mapping shows that Au has a significant positive correlation with Ag, Te, Bi and Pb in Au‐bearing pyrite, indicating that these elements co‐precipitated with Au in pyrite lattice. The ore‐forming fluid existed under medium to low temperature, aiding complexing of the gold with sulfur, chlorine, and tellurium. Decoupling of sulfide and telluride complexes facilitated gold precipitation in the Haigou area. The abundance of lead and nickel tellurides in the Haigou gold deposits with general absence of tellurium in native gold is indicative of expulsion of tellurium through boiling during the process of fluid migration and evolution. Also, coexistence of Bi in native gold indicates that they were at Au–Bi eutectic. The gold‐bearing pyrite is characterized by dispersed magnetite in and around the fractures. The Au–Te–Bi–Pb element anomalies indicate that fluid oxygen fugacity increases while sulfur fugacity decreases with time, resulting in Au precipitation. Our results provide a new theoretical basis for the establishment of metallogenic model and deep prospecting of the Haigou gold deposit.
Qualitative insights into the acceptance of QGIS in South Africa
Authors: Henrico Susan , Coetzee Serena , Cooper Antony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe conducted a study to find out whether and why South African users accepted QGIS. In the quantitative part of the study, we found that QGIS acceptance is primarily influenced by habit, followed by facilitating conditions, price value, and social influence. To better understand and explain these results, we conducted a qualitative study in which semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 geospatial practitioners. While a geographic information system (GIS) product was often prescribed by their workplace, interviewees had clear preferences for a specific GIS product for certain kinds of tasks, supporting the finding that habit is the main reason for using a GIS product. Interviewees used QGIS because it opens most data formats and there is one license for all functionality (facilitating conditions), is free (price value), and/or had been advised by someone important (social influence). The interviews revealed why software support (commercial or free) was not significant in the quantitative results: users think GIS support is not necessary or else available online. Identical to the quantitative study, interviews confirmed that customizability, no vendor lock‐in, improved reliability, quality, and security do not play a role when deciding to use QGIS. These qualitative results provide a deeper understanding of the quantitative results and can be used by promotors of open‐source geospatial software to increase uptake. In general, they can also help managers embed new products into any organization's workflows. In our study, interviewees and questionnaire respondents were selected to be users. Repeating the study for GIS developers and/or managers will provide further insight into QGIS acceptance.
Effects of intra‐articular injection of an acellular equine liquid amniotic allograft in healthy equine joints
Authors: Wolkowski Danica D. , McCarthy Robert D. , Schoonover Mike J. , Taylor Jared D. , Eastman Timothy G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate effects of acellular equine liquid amnion allograft (ELAA) injected into healthy equine joints.Study designRandomized, blinded, controlled experiment.AnimalsEight healthy adult horses.MethodsOne intercarpal joint (ICJ) of each horse was randomly assigned to be injected with 1.5 ml of ELAA (treatment) while the contralateral ICJ was injected with 1.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl (control). Subjective lameness evaluation, force plate analysis, and synovial fluid analysis, including interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) analysis, were performed before (day 0) and at days 1, 3, 5, and 10. Synovial fluid analysis was also performed on days 20 and 30.ResultsNo difference in subjective lameness (P = .75) and no decrease in peak vertical force or vertical impulse were seen in any limb on any day. Total nucleated cell count (TNCC) was increased in treatment joints on days 1 (P = .0007; T: 6039 cells/μl, C: 240 cells/μl) and 3 (P < .0001; T: 1119 cells/μl, C: 240 cells/μl). Log‐10 transformed values for IL‐1ra were higher in treated joints on days 1 (P = .0005; T: 3553.7 pg/ml, C: 1890.1 pg/ml) and 3 (P = .01; T: 2283.2 pg/ml, C: 1250.7 pg/ml).ConclusionInjection of ELAA into the ICJ caused an increase in synovial fluid TNCC in comparison with saline control but no lameness was observed. There was increased IL‐1ra on days 1 and 3 after ELAA injection.Clinical significanceIntra‐articular injection of ELAA into healthy equine joints results in no significant safety concerns. The observed increase in IL‐1ra may provide beneficial effects in inflamed joints.
Changes in cerebral autoregulation and vasoreactivity after surgical aortic valve replacement: a prospective study
Authors: Pedro Tiago , Costa Andreia , Ferreira Juliana , Rocha Ana Luísa , Salgueiro Elson , Pereira Gilberto , Azevedo Elsa , Castro Pedro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) alters the natural course of severe aortic stenosis (AS). In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the disease on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and vasoreactivity (VR) and to assess their changes after SAVR. We recruited 23 patients diagnosed with severe AS eligible for SAVR and 15 healthy matched controls. AS patients had lower mean VR to CO2 (P = 0.005) than controls, but dynamic cerebral autoregulation was preserved. Cerebral haemodynamics showed no significant change after SAVR. Patients with smaller baseline aortic valve areas presented with smaller low frequency phase changes after surgery (P = 0.016). Severe AS does not seem to impact dynamic cerebral autoregulation but does reduce VR to CO2. SAVR does not alter cerebral autoregulation nor vasoreactivity.
Disrupted T‐tubular network accounts for asynchronous calcium release in MTM1‐deficient skeletal muscle
Authors: Szentesi Peter , Dienes Beatrix , Kutchukian Candice , Czirjak Tamas , Buj‐Bello Ana , Jacquemond Vincent , Csernoch László 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn mammalian skeletal muscle, the propagation of surface membrane depolarization into the interior of the muscle fibre along the transverse (T) tubular network is essential for the synchronized release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in response to the conformational change in the voltage‐sensor dihydropyridine receptors. Deficiency in 3‐phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1) has been reported to disrupt T‐tubules, resulting in impaired SR calcium release. Here confocal calcium transients recorded in muscle fibres of MTM1‐deficient mice were compared with the results from a model where propagation of the depolarization along the T‐tubules was modelled mathematically with disruptions in the network assumed to modify the access and transmembrane resistance as well as the capacitance. If, in simulations, T‐tubules were assumed to be partially or completely inaccessible to the depolarization and RyRs at these points to be prime for calcium‐induced calcium release, all the features of measured SR calcium release could be reproduced. We conclude that the inappropriate propagation of the depolarization into the fibre interior is the initial critical cause of severely impaired SR calcium release in MTM1 deficiency, while the Ca2+‐triggered opening of RyRs provides an alleviating support to the diseased process.imageKey pointsMyotubular myopathy is a fatal disease due to genetic deficiency in the phosphoinositide phosphatase MTM1.Although the causes are known and corresponding gene therapy strategies are being developed, there is no mechanistic understanding of the disease‐associated muscle function failure.Resolving this issue is of primary interest not only for a fundamental understanding of how MTM1 is critical for healthy muscle function, but also for establishing the related cellular mechanisms most primarily or stringently affected by the disease, which are thus of potential interest as therapy targets.The mathematical modelling approach used in the present work proves that the disease‐associated alteration of the plasma membrane invagination network is sufficient to explain the dysfunctions of excitation–contraction coupling, providing the first integrated quantitative framework that explains the associated contraction failure.
Effect of Match Schedule Density on Self-Reported Wellness and Sleep in Referees During the Rugby World Cup
Authors: Elsworthy Nathan , Lastella Michele , Scanlan Aaron T. , Blair Matthew R. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To examine the effect of match schedule on self-reported wellness and sleep in rugby union referees during the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Methods: Following an observational design, 18 international-level male referees participating in the 2019 Rugby World Cup completed a daily questionnaire to quantify wellness status (sleep quality, mood, stress, fatigue, muscle soreness, and total wellness) and sleep characteristics (bedtime, wake-up time, and time in bed) from the previous night across the tournament. Linear mixed models and effect sizes (Hedges gav) assessed differences in wellness and sleep characteristics between prematch and postmatch days surrounding single-game and 2-game congested match schedules (prematch1, postmatch1, prematch2, and postmatch2 days). Results: During regular schedules, all self-reported wellness variables except stress were reduced (gav = 0.33–1.05, mean difference −0.32 to −1.21 arbitrary units [AU]) and referees went to bed later (1.08, 1:07 h:min) and spent less time in bed (−0.78, 00:55 h:min) postmatch compared with prematch days. During congested schedules, only wellness variables differed across days, with total wellness reduced on postmatch1 (−0.88, −3.56 AU) and postmatch2 (−0.67, −2.70 AU) days, as well as mood (−1.01, −0.56 AU) and fatigue (−0.90, −1.11 AU) reduced on postmatch1 days compared with prematch days. Conclusion: Referees were susceptible to acute reductions in wellness on days following matches regardless of schedule. However, only single-game regular match schedules negatively impacted the sleep characteristics of referees. Targeted strategies to maximize wellness status and sleep opportunities in referees considering the match schedule faced should be explored during future Rugby World Cup competitions.
Measurement of clinical delay intervals among younger adults with colorectal cancer using health administrative data: a population-based analysis
Authors: Castelo Matthew , Paszat Lawrence , Hansen Bettina E , Scheer Adena S , Faught Neil , Nguyen Lena , Baxter Nancy N 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundClinical delays may be important contributors to outcomes among younger adults (<50 years) with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to describe delay intervals for younger adults with CRC using health administrative data to understand drivers of delay in this population.MethodsThis was a population-based study of adults <50 diagnosed with CRC in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2018. Using administrative code-based algorithms (including billing codes), we identified four time points along the pathway to treatment—first presentation with a CRC-related symptom, first investigation, diagnosis date and treatment start. Intervals between these time points were calculated. Multivariable quantile regression was performed to explore associations between patient and disease factors with the median length of each interval.Results6853 patients aged 15–49 were diagnosed with CRC and met the inclusion criteria. Males comprised 52% of the cohort, the median age was 45 years (IQR 40–47), and 25% had stage IV disease. The median time from presentation to treatment start (overall interval) was 109 days (IQR 55–218). Time between presentation and first investigation was short (median 5 days), as was time between diagnosis and treatment start (median 23 days). The greatest component of delay occurred between first investigation and diagnosis (median 78 days). Women, patients with distal tumours, and patients with earlier stage disease had significantly longer overall intervals.ConclusionsSome younger CRC patients experience prolonged times from presentation to treatment, and time between first investigation to diagnosis was an important contributor. Access to endoscopy may be a target for intervention.
Examining the evidence on complementary and alternative therapies to treat peripartum depression in pregnant or postpartum women: study protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Dubreucq Julien , Kamperman Astrid M , Al-Maach Nadia , Bramer Wichor M , Pacheco Francisca , Ganho-Avila Ana , Lambregtse-van den Berg Mijke 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionComplementary and alternative therapies (CATs) refer to a diverse range of approaches that can be used as add-on or an alternative to conventional therapies. While a number of individual studies and systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses (MAs) have investigated the effectiveness of specific types of CATs to treat depressive symptoms at specific moments of the perinatal period, an overarching synthesis of the literature is currently lacking. We will conduct an umbrella review of SRs and MAs to assess to which extent CATs are associated with depressive symptoms reduction during pregnancy or after childbirth.Methods and analysisWe will search a broad set of electronic databases (MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase.com, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PsycINFO via Ovid, AMED and Google Scholar). We will include SRs with or without MAs meeting the following criteria: (1) the review should focus mostly on individual studies reporting a randomised controlled design; (2) diagnosis should be made during pregnancy or during the post partum using a clinical interview according to DSM or ICD criteria; (3) the reviewed intervention should start during pregnancy or in the first postpartum year and meet the criteria for being considered as CAT. The main outcome will be depressive symptoms reduction during pregnancy or after childbirth. Secondary outcomes will include the remission of depression according to DSM criteria and intervention acceptability. Overlap between reviews will be described, quantified and discussed. We will rate the quality of the included SRs or MAs using the AMSTAR-2 tool. MAs will be performed by using the data from the individual RCT studies included in the SRs or MAs. Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with a low-moderate risk of bias will be realised. Publication bias will be examined visually by using a funnel plot, and formally using the Egger’s test and test of excess significance.Ethics and disseminationWe intend to publish the results of the umbrella review in an international peer-reviewed journal. Oral presentations in congresses and internal diffusion through the Rise up-PPD European COST Action network are also planned.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021229260.
Comorbidity of mental ill-health in tuberculosis patients under treatment in a rural province of South Africa: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Thungana Yanga , Wilkinson Robert , Zingela Zukiswa 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) remains prevalent despite the availability of effective anti-TB medications, and accumulating evidence suggests a high rate of mental disorders in people with TB. This is because TB and psychiatric disorders share several risk factors, such as poverty, homelessness and substance use disorder. Moreover, psychiatric comorbidities in patients with TB are associated with poor treatment outcomes. This study explored the psychiatric comorbidity and clinical correlates in individuals receiving TB treatment.DesignA cross-sectional survey over 10 months.SettingTwo primary care clinics at King Sabata Dalindyebo district, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa.ParticipantPatients receiving TB treatment in the two clinics.InterventionThe Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to screen for psychiatric disorders.Primary and secondary outcome measuresRates of mental disorders in patients with TB over a 10-month period. Variation in rates by sex, employment status and HIV comorbidity.ResultsIn a sample of 197 participants, most patients were men (62%) and screened positive for a mental disorder (82%) with anxiety (48%), depression (38%) and substance use disorders (43%) being the most common psychiatric conditions. On average, individuals had 4 (SD 2) mental disorders. Females had higher rates of depression (p=0.005) and non-adherence to TB treatment (p=0.003), and alcohol use disorder was more common in males (p<0.001) and in those non-adherent to TB treatment. Additionally, low education levels and unemployment were associated with depressive and anxiety disorders (p<0.05).ConclusionsMental disorders are common in patients with TB, and mental health services need to be integrated into the management of patients with TB. Factors linked to mental disorders in this cohort, such as low education, gender and unemployment, may be useful for compiling a risk profile to help identify those with TB who may require more intensive support for their mental health.
Time intervals and distances travelled for prehospital ambulance stroke care: data from the randomised-controlled ambulance-based Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2)
Authors: Dixon Mark , Appleton Jason P , Scutt Polly , Woodhouse Lisa J , Haywood Lee J , Havard Diane , Williams Julia , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Bath Philip M 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesAmbulances offer the first opportunity to evaluate hyperacute stroke treatments. In this study, we investigated the conduct of a hyperacute stroke study in the ambulance-based setting with a particular focus on timings and logistics of trial delivery.DesignMulticentre prospective, single-blind, parallel group randomised controlled trial.SettingEight National Health Service ambulance services in England and Wales; 54 acute stroke centres.ParticipantsParamedics enrolled 1149 patients assessed as likely to have a stroke, with Face, Arm, Speech and Time score (2 or 3), within 4 hours of symptom onset and systolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg.InterventionsParamedics administered randomly assigned active transdermal glyceryl trinitrate or sham.Primary and secondary outcomesModified Rankin scale at day 90. This paper focuses on response time intervals, distances travelled and baseline characteristics of patients, compared between ambulance services.ResultsParamedics enrolled 1149 patients between September 2015 and May 2018. Final diagnosis: intracerebral haemorrhage 13%, ischaemic stroke 52%, transient ischaemic attack 9% and mimic 26%. Timings (min) were (median (25–75 centile)): onset to emergency call 19 (5–64); onset to randomisation 71 (45–116); total time at scene 33 (26–46); depart scene to hospital 15 (10–23); randomisation to hospital 24 (16–34) and onset to hospital 97 (71–141). Ambulances travelled (km) 10 (4–19) from scene to hospital. Timings and distances differed between ambulance service, for example, onset to randomisation (fastest 53 min, slowest 77 min; p<0.001), distance from scene to hospital (least 4 km, most 20 km; p<0.001).ConclusionWe completed a large prehospital stroke trial involving a simple-to-administer intervention across multiple ambulance services. The time from onset to randomisation and modest distances travelled support the applicability of future large-scale paramedic-delivered ambulance-based stroke trials in urban and rural locations.Trial registration numberISRCTN26986053.
Characterising performance information use in the primary healthcare systems of El Salvador, Lebanon and Malawi: multiple qualitative case study protocol
Authors: Munar Wolfgang , Wahid Syed Shabab , Makwero Martha , El-Jardali Fadi , Dullie Luckson , Yang Wen-Chien 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionGovernments in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and official development assistance agencies use a variety of performance measurement and management approaches to improve the performance of healthcare systems. The effectiveness of such approaches is contingent on the extent to which managers and care providers use performance information. To date, major knowledge gaps exist about the contextual factors that contribute, or not, to performance information use by primary healthcare (PHC) decision-makers in LMICs. This study will address three research questions: (1) How do decision-makers use performance information, and for what purposes? (2) What are the contextual factors that influence the use or non-use of performance information? and (3) What are the proximal outcomes reported by PHC decision-makers from performance information use?Methods and analysisWe present the protocol of a theory-driven, qualitative study with a multiple case study design to be conducted in El Salvador, Lebanon and Malawi.Data sources include semi structured in-depth interviews and document review. Interviews will be conducted with approximately 60 respondents including PHC system decision-makers and providers. We follow an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that draws on health policy and systems research, public administration, organisational science and health service research. Data will be analysed using thematic analysis to explore how respondents use performance information or not, and for what purposes as well as barriers and facilitators of use.Ethics and disseminationThe ethical boards of the participating universities approved the protocol presented here. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and global health conferences.