bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of gas ultrafine bubbles on the efficacy of commonly used antimicrobials for apple washing
Authors: Unger Phoebe , Sekhon Amninder Singh , Bhavnani Kabir , Galland Andrew , Ganjyal Girish M. , Michael Minto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUltrafine bubble (UFB) technology is a novel tool in food safety with potential to improve the efficacy of antimicrobials during produce washing. This research investigated the impact of incorporating gas (air and CO2) UFBs on the potency of chlorine (Cl2; 100 and 200 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA; 40 and 80 ppm) antimicrobial solutions against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on inoculated Gala apples. Apples were dip inoculated with either E. coli or L. monocytogenes, and dried at room temperature for 1 hr. Apples were then treated by dipping into Cl2 or PAA solutions with or without UFBs (CO2 or air) for 1 or 2 min. Apples were then transferred into bags containing Dey‐Engley neutralizing broth, and hand massaged for 90 s. Log reductions for respective antimicrobial treatments were calculated by subtracting post‐antimicrobial treatment bacterial populations from the initial bacterial populations on inoculated apples. Incorporation of CO2 UFBs in antimicrobial solutions resulted in significantly greater E. coli and L. monocytogenes reductions (2.1 and 2.4 Log CFU/apple, respectively) on apples compared to solutions without UFBs (1.4 and 1.9 Log CFU/apple, respectively). However, incorporation of air UFBs resulted in similar log reductions of E. coli and L. monocytogenes (1.9 and 2.2 Log CFU/apple, respectively) on apples compared to antimicrobials with CO2 UFBs and without UFBs. The 2 min treatment time for various antimicrobials resulted in significantly greater L. monocytogenes reductions (2.4 Log CFU/apple) compared to 1 min (2.0 Log CFU/apple), but no differences were observed for E. coli.
The hospital care experiences of older patients compared to younger patients
Authors: Elliott Marc N. , Beckett Megan K. , Cohea Christopher , Lehrman William G. , Russ Chelsea , Cleary Paul D. , Giordano Laura A. , Goldstein Elizabeth , Saliba Debra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospitals may provide less positive patient experiences for older than younger patients.MethodsWe used 2019 HCAHPS data from 4358 hospitals to compare patient‐mix adjusted HCAHPS Survey scores for 19 experience of care items for patients ages 75+ versus 55–74 years and tested for interactions of age group with patient and hospital characteristics. We contrasted the age patterns observed for inpatient experiences with those among respondents to the 2019 Medicare CAHPS (MCAHPS) Survey of overall experience.ResultsPatients 75+ years (31% of all HCAHPS respondents) reported less‐positive experiences than those 55–74 (46% of respondents) for 18 of 19 substantive HCAHPS items (mean difference −3.3% points). Age differences in HCAHPS top‐box scores were large (>5 points) for 1 of 3 Nurse Communication items, 1 of 3 Doctor Communication, 2 of 2 Communication about Medication items, 1 of 2 Discharge Information items, and 2 of 3 Care Transition items. In contrast, for MCAHPS, those 75+ reported similar experiences to younger adults.The magnitude of age differences varied considerably across hospitals; some hospitals had very large age disparities for older patients (age 75+ vs. ages 55–74), while others had none. These age differences were generally smaller for patients in government and non‐profit than in for‐profit hospitals, and in the Pacific region than in other parts of the United States. This variation in age disparities across hospitals may help to identify best practices.ConclusionsPatients ages 75+ reported less‐positive experiences than patients ages 55–74, especially for measures of communication. These differences may be specific to inpatient care. Further study should investigate the effectiveness of hospital staffs' communication with older patients. Hospital protocols designed for younger patients may need to be adjusted to meet the needs of older patients. There may also be opportunities to learn from outpatient interactions with older patients.
Severity of functional impairments by race and sex in older patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Ye Fan , Nelson M. Benjamin , Bertoni Alain G. , Ditzenberger Grace L. , Duncan Pamela , Mentz Robert J. , Reeves Gordon , Whellan David , Chen Haiying , Upadhya Bharathi , Kitzman Dalane W. , Pastva Amy M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have marked functional impairments, which may contribute to their delayed and incomplete recovery and persistently poor outcomes. However, whether impairment severity differs by race and sex is unknown.MethodsREHAB‐HF trial participants (≥60 years) were assessed just before discharge home from ADHF hospitalization. Physical function [Short Physical Performance Battery; 6‐min walk distance (6MWD)], frailty (Fried criteria), cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], quality‐of‐life [Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, Short‐Form‐12, EuroQol‐5D‐5L], and depression [Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)] were examined by race and sex.ResultsThis prespecified subgroup cross‐sectional analysis included 337 older adults (52% female, 50% Black). Black participants were on average younger than White participants (70.3 ± 7.2 vs. 74.7 ± 8.3 years). After age, body mass index, ejection fraction, comorbidity, and education adjustment, and impairments were similarly common and severe across groups except: Black male and Black and White female participants had more severely impaired walking function compared with White male participants [6MWD (m) 187 ± 12, 168 ± 9170 ± 11 vs. 239 ± 9, p < 0.001]; gait speed (m/s) (0.61 ± 0.03, 0.56 ± 0.02, 0.55 ± 0.02 vs. 0.69 ± 0.02, p < 0.001); White female participants had the highest frailty prevalence (72% vs. 47%–51%, p = 0.007); and Black participants had lower MoCA scores compared with White participants (20.9 ± 4.5 vs. 22.8 ± 3.9, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were common overall (43% GDS ≥5), yet underrecognized clinically (18%), especially in Black male participants compared with White male participants (7% vs. 20%).ConclusionAmong older patients hospitalized for ADHF, frailty and functional impairments with high potential to jeopardize patient HF self‐management, safety, and independence were common and severe across all race and sex groups. Impairment severity was often worse in Black participant and female participant groups. Formal screening across frailty and functional domains may identify those who may require greater support and more tailored care to reduce the risk of adverse events and excess hospitalizations and death.
Morphometric analysis of secondary palate development in human embryos
Authors: Nohara Aoi , Owaki Natsumi , Matsubayashi Jun , Katsube Motoki , Imai Hirohiko , Yoneyama Akio , Yamada Shigehito , Kanahashi Toru , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRapid shelf elevation and contact of the secondary palate and fusion reportedly occur due to a growth‐related equilibrium change in the structures within the oro‐nasal cavity. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate complex three‐dimensional morphological changes and their effects on rapid movements, such as shelf elevation and contact, and fusion. Morphological changes during secondary palate formation were analyzed using high‐resolution digitalized imaging data (phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance images) obtained from 22 human embryonic and fetal samples. The three‐dimensional images of the oro‐nasal structures, including the maxilla, palate, pterygoid hamulus, tongue, Meckel's cartilage, nasal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, and nasal septum, were reconstructed manually. The palatal shelves were not elevated in all the samples at Carnegie stage (CS)21 and CS22 and in three samples at CS23. In contrast, the palatal shelves were elevated but not in contact in one sample at CS23. Further, the palatal shelves were elevated and fused in the remaining four samples at CS23 and all three samples from the early fetal period. For each sample, 70 landmarks were subjected to Procrustes and principal component (PC) analysis. PC‐1 accounted for 67.4% of the extracted gross changes before and after shelf elevations. Notably, the PC‐1 values of the negative and positive value groups differed significantly. The PC‐2 value changed during the phases in which the change in the PC‐1 value was unnaturally slow and stopped at CS22 and the first half of CS23. This period, defined as the “approach period”, corresponds to the time before dynamic changes occur as the palatal shelves elevate, the tongue and mandibular tip change their position and shape, and secondary palatal shelves contact and fuse. During the “approach period”, measurements of PC‐2 changes showed that structures on the mandible (Meckel's cartilage and tongue) and maxilla (palate and nasal cavity) did not change positions, albeit both groups of structures appeared to be compressed anterior–posteriorly. However, during and after shelf elevation, measurements of PC‐1 changes showed significant changes between maxillary and mandibular structures, particularly positioning of the shelves above the tongue and protrusion of the tongue and mandible. These results suggest an active role for Meckel's cartilage growth in repositioning the tongue to facilitate shelf elevation. The present data representing three distinct phases of secondary palate closure in humans can advance the understanding of morphological growth changes occurring before and after the horizontal positioning of palatal shelves and their fusion to close the secondary palate in humans successfully.
Purse‐string suture combined with subcision and dermal graft for the treatment of wide depressed scars and boxcars
Authors: Tsao Su‐Ben , Wu Cheng‐Chun , Lee Chien‐Chih 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermal layer injuries can result in depressed or indented scars even when there is no subcutaneous injury. These scars can result from acne, chickenpox, trauma, or skin infection. Several procedures, including primary closure, subcision, microneedling, and dermal grafting, have been reported to be used to treat depressed scars, boxcars, or acne cosmetics. These procedures have not, however, been shown to be very effective when applied to the treatment of deep depressed scars, boxcars, or acne cosmetics. In this retrospective study, we assessed scar improvement in patients with deep depressed facial scars and boxcars treated with our novel combination of techniques.MethodsThis study included all patients treated for deep depressed scars and boxcars at our clinic from 2018 to 2021. To be included, patients had to present in our clinic for the treatment of deep depressed scars or boxcars, have no prominent subcutaneous layer injury, and have full set of clear pre‐and post‐procedure photographs. All patients initially received technique combination including scar subcision, inner purse‐string suturing, and dermal grafting for the first stage surgery treatment. In cases of residual uneven superficial scars, laser dermabrasion resurfacing was used as second‐staged treatment. Preoperative and six‐month postoperative scar appearance photographs were assessed for improvement by our three nonmedical staff members and divided into four improvement groups, as minimal, moderate, good, and excellent.ResultsThis study included a total of 24 patients (20 females and four males) with facial scarring. Two patients (8.3%) had moderate, 13 (54.2%) good and nine (37.5%) excellent improvement post‐treatment. There were no instances of minimal improvement. Four patients received second stage laser dermabrasion resurfacing for residual uneven superficial scars.ConclusionWe concluded deep depressed scars and boxcars can be easily, safely, and effectively treated using our novel combined scar subcision, inner purse‐string suturing, and dermal grafting treatment with possible second‐staged laser dermabrasion, and without major complications.
The Charlotte large artery occlusion endovascular therapy outcome score predicts outcome after basilar artery thrombectomy
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Satyanarayana Sagar , Yang Hongmei , Defilipp Gary , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Patel Nikhil M. , Asimos Andrew W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe Charlotte Large artery occlusion Endovascular therapy Outcome Score (CLEOS) and Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) predict functional outcomes after anterior circulation endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). We evaluated the performance of CLEOS and THRIVE in patients presenting with an acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) treated with EVT.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of a health system's stroke registry. Patients presenting with an acute BAO treated with EVT and evaluated with pre‐thrombectomy CT perfusion (CTP) from January 2017 to December 2021 were included. CLEOS = (5 × age) + (10 × National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]) + Glucose – (150 × CTP cerebral blood volume index) and THRIVE (0‐9 points) = age 60‐79 years, 1 point; age ≥ 80 years, 2 points; NIHSS 11‐20, 2 points; NIHSS ≥ 21, 4 points; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, 1 point each. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for the ability of CLEOS and THRIVE to predict the primary outcome, modified Rankin Scale score 3‐6.ResultsFifty‐seven patients had mean age 66.6 (± 14.9) years and median NIHSS 15.5 (5‐24). In the multivariable regression analysis, increased CLEOS was associated with significantly higher odds of a poor functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0003‐1.0019, p = .008), whereas THRIVE was not (OR = 1.0326, 95% CI: 0.9478‐1.1250, p = .466). CLEOS > 503 best predicted poor outcomes.ConclusionsA higher CLEOS score was associated with elevated odds of a poor 90‐day functional outcome in our cohort of acute BAO patients treated with EVT.
Genetic variation and clonal diversity in floating aquatic plants: Comparative genomic analysis of water hyacinth species in their native range
Authors: da Cunha Nicolay Leme , Xue Haoran , Wright Stephen I. , Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany eukaryotic organisms reproduce by sexual and asexual reproduction. Genetic diversity in populations can be strongly dependent on the relative importance of these two reproductive modes. Here, we compare the amounts and patterns of genetic diversity in related water hyacinths that differ in their propensity for clonal propagation – highly clonal Eichhornia crassipes and moderately clonal E. azurea (Pontederiaceae). Our comparisons involved genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) of 137 E. crassipes ramets from 60 locations (193,495 nucleotide sites) and 118 E. azurea ramets from 53 locations (198,343 nucleotide sites) among six hydrological basins in central South America, the native range of both species. We predicted that because of more prolific clonal propagation, E. crassipes would exhibit lower clonal diversity than E. azurea. This prediction was supported by all measures of clonal diversity that we examined. Eichhornia crassipes also had a larger excess of heterozygotes at variant sites, another signature of clonality. However, genome‐wide heterozygosity was not significantly different between the species. Eichhornia crassipes had weaker spatial genetic structure and lower levels of differentiation among hydrological basins than E. azurea, probably because of higher clonality and more extensive dispersal of its free‐floating life form. Our findings for E. crassipes contrast with earlier studies from the invasive range which have reported very low levels of clonal diversity and extensive geographic areas of genetic uniformity.
Polygenic adaptation contributes to the invasive success of the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Yang Fangyuan , Crossley Michael S. , Schrader Lukas , Dubovskiy Ivan M. , Wei Shu‐Jun , Zhang Runzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow invasive species cope with novel selective pressures with limited genetic variation is a fundamental question in molecular ecology. Several mechanisms have been proposed, but they can lack generality. Here, we addressed an alternative solution, polygenic adaptation, wherein traits that arise from multiple combinations of loci may be less sensitive to loss of variation during invasion. We tested the polygenic signal of environmental adaptation of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) introduced in Eurasia. Population genomic analyses showed declining genetic diversity in the eastward expansion of Eurasian populations, and weak population genetic structure (except for the invasion fronts in Asia). Demographic history showed that all populations shared a strong bottleneck about 100 years ago when CPB was introduced to Europe. Genome scans revealed a suite of genes involved in activity regulation functions that are plausibly related to cold stress, including some well‐founded functions (e.g., the activity of phosphodiesterase, the G‐protein regulator) and discrete functions. Such polygenic architecture supports the hypothesis that polygenic adaptation and potentially genetic redundancy can fuel the adaptation of CPB despite strong genetic depletion, thus representing a promising general mechanism for resolving the genetic paradox of invasion. More broadly, most complex traits based on polygenes may be less sensitive to invasive bottlenecks, thus ensuring the evolutionary success of invasive species in novel environments.
Cervical Anatomical Landmarks Indicate the Amount of Vertebra Resection during ACAF Surgery: A Semi‐Quantitative Anatomical Parameter Study on Imaging Data
Authors: Pang Qingyang , Ling Shiyong , Zhang Bin , Zhu Jian , Sun Jingchuan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWith the innovation and development of cervical spine surgical procedures, there is currently a lack of new and reliable data on cervical anatomical landmarks. The purpose of this study is to measure the CT data of the cervical vertebrae of healthy volunteers, so as to make up for the missing part of the measured value of cervical vertebra bone markers, and provide data support for the safety and accuracy of anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) surgery.MethodsFrom January 2019 to January 2020, the cervical computed tomography (CT) scan image data of volunteers in Changhai Hospital and Zhabei Hospital were randomly selected. The radiological parameters included three parameters were measured in the upper lamina plane. a: the distance from the anterior edge of the vertebral body to the anterior edge of the bilateral uncinate joint; c1: the sagittal diameter of the vertebral body; and d: the distance between the anterior edge of the uncinate joint. Three parameters were measured in the pedicle plane. b: the vertical distance from the anterior edge of the vertebral body to the junction line between the two lateral processes; c2: the sagittal diameter of the vertebral body; e: the transverse diameter of the vertebral body; and f: the sagittal diameter of the vertebral canal. The correlation ratios were calculated: a/c1, b/c2, a/f, b/f, d/e. The data between the two groups were compared by independent sample t‐test.ResultsFinally, 51 patients were included in this study, 18 males and 33 females, with an average age of 47.9 years (21–72 years). The maximum values of seven parameters measured were all at C7. The minimum b value was at C5, and the minimum f value was at C4. The minimum values of the other five parameters were all at C3, and there was an increasing relationship from C3 to C7 (P < 0.05). There was significant difference between male and female with regard to c1, c2, e and d values (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between men and women regard to the ratio of related parameters (a/c1, b/c2, a/f, b/f, d/e).ConclusionsAnatomical consideration of this area is useful to estimate amount of vertebral body resection when performing the bony cut made in ACAF surgery; however, pre‐operative examinations with appropriate radiographic analysis are also recommended.
eQTLs play critical roles in regulating gene expression and identifying key regulators in rice
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhu Xiya , Zhang Jin , Shen Meng , Chen Kai , Fu Xiangkui , Ma Lian , Liu Xuelin , Zhou Chang , Zhou Dao‐Xiu , Wang Gongwei 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe regulation of gene expression plays an essential role in both the phenotype and adaptation of plants. Transcriptome sequencing enables simultaneous identification of exonic variants and quantification of gene expression. Here, we sequenced the leaf transcriptomes of 287 rice accessions from around the world and obtained a total of 177 853 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms after filtering. Genome‐wide association study identified 44 354 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), which regulate the expression of 13 201 genes, as well as 17 local eQTL hotspots and 96 distant eQTL hotspots. Furthermore, a transcriptome‐wide association study screened 21 candidate genes for starch content in the flag leaves at the heading stage. HS002 was identified as a significant distant eQTL hotspot with five downstream genes enriched for diterpene antitoxin synthesis. Co‐expression analysis, eQTL analysis, and linkage mapping together demonstrated that bHLH026 acts as a key regulator to activate the expression of downstream genes. The transgenic assay revealed that bHLH026 is an important regulator of diterpenoid antitoxin synthesis and enhances the disease resistance of rice. These findings improve our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression variation and complex regulatory networks of the rice genome and will facilitate genetic improvement of cultivated rice varieties.
The mycorrhizal symbiosis alters the plant defence strategy in a model legume plant
Authors: Zeng Ming , Hause Bettina , van Dam Nicole M. , Uthe Henriette , Hoffmann Petra , Krajinski Franziska , Martínez‐Medina Ainhoa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis modulates plant‐herbivore interactions. Still, how it shapes the overall plant defence strategy and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated how AM symbiosis simultaneously modulates plant resistance and tolerance to a shoot herbivore, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Bioassays with Medicago truncatula plants were used to study the effect of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on plant resistance and tolerance to Spodoptera exigua herbivory. By performing molecular and chemical analyses, we assessed the impact of AM symbiosis on herbivore‐triggered phosphate (Pi)‐ and jasmonate (JA)‐related responses. Upon herbivory, AM symbiosis led to an increased leaf Pi content by boosting the mycorrhizal Pi‐uptake pathway. This enhanced both plant tolerance and herbivore performance. AM symbiosis counteracted the herbivore‐triggered JA burst, reducing plant resistance. To disentangle the role of the mycorrhizal Pi‐uptake pathway in the plant's response to herbivory, we used the mutant line ha1‐2, impaired in the H+‐ATPase gene HA1, which is essential for Pi‐uptake via the mycorrhizal pathway. We found that mycorrhiza‐triggered enhancement of herbivore performance was compromised in ha1‐2 plants. AM symbiosis thus affects the defence pattern of M. truncatula by altering resistance and tolerance simultaneously. We propose that the mycorrhizal Pi‐uptake pathway is involved in the modulation of the plant defence strategy.