bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention interventions targeting lifestyle risk factors in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Slater Kaylee , Colyvas Kim , Taylor Rachael , Collins Clare E. , Hutchesson Melinda 
Published: November 2022

Background and aimsOver seven million women die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) annually. While lifestyle modification is recommended for CVD prevention, there are no systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of interventions targeted to women. The primary aim of this systematic review is to determine the efficacy of primary and secondary CVD prevention interventions targeting lifestyle risk factors in women.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched up to January 2022. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of primary or secondary CVD prevention interventions targeting CVD lifestyle risk factors (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, smoking, alcohol, sleep, and weight management) in women (≥18 years) that reported CVD risk markers or lifestyle risk factors. Meta-analyses were conducted on CVD risk markers and body mass index (BMI), and the level of evidence was applied to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria and reported.ResultsThirty-five RCTs were included (24 primary and 11 secondary prevention). Meta-analyses demonstrated that lifestyle CVD prevention interventions achieved statistically significant reductions in BMI at ≤ 6 months (0.95 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.54 to 1.35, p &lt; 0.0001), 12 months (0.61 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.16, p = 0.03) and &gt;12 months (0.58 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.16, p = 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at ≤ 6 months (3.51, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsLifestyle interventions are important for the prevention of CVD in women, specifically to reduce systolic blood pressure in the short term (≤ 6 months) and BMI long term (&gt;12 months).Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/bkwqm, identifier: osf-registrations-bkwqm-v1.
Higher general executive functions predicts lower body mass index by mitigating avoidance behaviors
Authors: La Marra Marco , Ilardi Ciro Rosario , Villano Ines , Polito Rita , Sibillo Maria Raffella , Franchetti Marina , Caggiano Angela , Strangio Francesca , Messina Giovanni , Monda Vincenzo , Di Maio Girolamo , Messina Antonietta 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe present study examines the relationship between obesity, executive functions, and body image in a nonclinical population from southern Italy.MethodsGeneral executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery–15), and body image disturbances (Body Uneasiness Test) were assessed in a sample including 255 participants (138 females, M age = 43.51 years, SD = 17.94, range = 18–86 years; M body mass index (BMI) = 26.21, SD = 4.32, range = 18.03–38.79).FindingsMultiple Linear Regression Analysis indicated that age, years of education, FAB15 score, body image concerns, and avoidance predicted the variance of BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted that the indirect effect of FAB15 on BMI through avoidance was statistically significant.InterpretationOur results suggest that more performing executive functioning predicts a decrease in BMI that is partially due to the mitigation of avoidance behaviors.
Proposed new prognostic model using the systemic immune-inflammation index for primary central nervous system lymphoma: A prospective-retrospective multicohort analysis
Authors: Li Shengjie , Xia Zuguang , Cao Jiazhen , Zhang Jinsen , Chen Bobin , Chen Tong , Zhang Xin , Zhu Wei , Li Danhui , Hua Wei , Mao Ying 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been considered a novel prognostic biomarker in several types of lymphoma. Our aims were to determine the best statistical relationship between pretreatment SII and survival and to combination of SII and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center model (MSKCC) to derive the best prognostic mode in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).MethodsPretreatment SII and clinical data in 174 newly diagnosed PCNSL patients were included from two retrospective discovery cohorts (n = 128) and one prospective validation cohort (n = 46). A generalized additive model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox analysis were performed. The high risk versus low risk of SII-MSKCC for the PCNSL cutoff point (0–1 vs. 2–4) was determined by the minimum P-value approach.ResultsThe SII showed a U-shaped relationship with the risk of overall survival (OS; P = 0.006). The patients with low SII or high SII had poorer OS and progression-free survival (PFS) than those with median SII. For PFS and OS, SII-MSKCC was a better predictor than MSKCC alone. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the SII-MSKCC score was 0.84 for OS and 0.78 for PFS in the discovery cohorts. The predictive value of the SII-MSKCC score (OS, 0.88; PFS, 0.95) was verified through the validation cohort. Multivariable Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve showed excellent performance for SII-MSKCC, with significant separation of two groups and better performance than MSKCC alone.ConclusionsWe propose a new prognostic model using SII, age, and Karnofsky score that outperforms MSKCC alone and enables individualized estimates of patient outcome.
Identification and validation of novel biomarkers affecting bladder cancer immunotherapy via machine learning and its association with M2 macrophages
Authors: Wang Junkang , He Xiaojuan , Bai Yifeng , Du Guanghui , Cai Minhong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundImmunotherapy has shown promising results in bladder cancer therapy options.MethodsAnalysis of open-access data was conducted using the R software. Open-access data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and IMvigor210 databases. Immunofluorescence and co-culture systems were utilized to validate the effect of PTHLH on M2 macrophage polarization.ResultsHere, through the combined (TCGA, GSE128959, GSE13507, and GSE83586) and IMvigor210 cohorts, we comprehensively investigated the biological and immune microenvironment differences in patients with diverse immunotherapy responses. Meanwhile, we found that M2 macrophage could affect bladder cancer immunotherapy sensibility. Moreover, based on the machine learning algorithm (LASSO logistics regression), PTHLH, BHMT2, and NGFR were identified, which all have good prediction abilities for patient immunotherapy. Then, a logistics regression model was established based on PTHLH, BHMT2, and NGFR, and each patient was assigned a logistics score. Subsequently, we investigated the difference in patients with high low logistics scores, including biological enrichment, immune microenvironment, and genomic characteristics. Meanwhile, data from the Human Protein Atlas database indicated a higher protein level of PTHLH in bladder cancer tissue. Immunofluorescence indicated that the knockdown of PTHLH in bladder cancer cells can significantly inhibit the M2 polarization of co-culture M0 macrophages.ConclusionsOur study investigated the difference between bladder cancer immunotherapy responders and non-responders. Meanwhile, the PTHLH was identified as a novel biomarker for bladder cancer immunotherapy.
Metagenomic nanopore sequencing of ocular microbiome in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Jing Dalan , Jiang Xiaodan , Ren Xiaotong , Su Jie , Huang Chen , Yang Jiarui , Hao Ran , Li Xuemin 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo explore the composition of the ocular microbiome in patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using metagenomic nanopore sequencing.MethodsA total of 98 participants were recruited from September to December 2021, including 86 patients with MGD and 12 controls. Symptoms and signs of dry eye were assessed, and bacterial samples in the conjunctival sac (CS) and meibomian gland (MG) secretions were then identified by bacterial culture identification and metagenomic nanopore sequencing.ResultsThe positive rate of CS bacterial culture in the MGD group was significantly higher than that in the normal group. A more complex composition of bacterial genera was detected in the mild and moderate MGD groups than in the control. However, the severe MGD groups had the simplest composition of bacteria. Metagenomic nanopore sequencing detected more species of bacteria than traditional culture.ConclusionThe CS and MG of MGD patients may have different degrees of bacterial microbiota imbalance. Metagenomic nanopore sequencing technology provides a new way for us to understand the composition of “real-world” ocular surface microorganisms.
Evaluation methods to assess the efficacy of equinovarus foot surgery on the gait of post-stroke hemiplegic patients: A literature review
Authors: de l'Escalopier Nicolas , Voisard Cyril , Michaud Mona , Moreau Albane , Jung Sylvain , Tervil Brian , Vayatis Nicolas , Oudre Laurent , Ricard Damien 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to realize a systematic review of the different ways, both clinical and instrumental, used to evaluate the effects of the surgical correction of an equinovarus foot (EVF) deformity in post-stroke patients.MethodsA systematic search of full-length articles published from 1965 to June 2021 was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and CIRRIE. The identified studies were analyzed to determine and to evaluate the outcomes, the clinical criteria, and the ways used to analyze the impact of surgery on gait pattern, instrumental, or not.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included. The lack of methodological quality of the studies and their heterogeneity did not allow for a valid meta-analysis. In all, 17 of the 33 studies involved exclusively stroke patients. Ten of the 33 studies (30%) evaluated only neurotomies, one study (3%) evaluated only tendon lengthening procedures, 19 studies (58%) evaluated tendon transfer procedures, and only two studies (6%) evaluated the combination of tendon and neurological procedures. Instrumental gait analysis was performed in only 11 studies (33%), and only six studies (18%) combined it with clinical and functional analyses. Clinical results show that surgical procedures are safe and effective. A wide variety of different scales have been used, most of which have already been validated in other indications.DiscussionNeuro-orthopedic surgery for post-stroke EVF is becoming better defined. However, the method of outcome assessment is not yet well established. The complexity in the evaluation of the gait of patients with EVF, and therefore the analysis of the effectiveness of the surgical management performed, requires the integration of a patient-centered functional dimension, and a reliable and reproducible quantified gait analysis, which is routinely usable clinically if possible.
Relationship between brain activity, cognitive function, and sleep spiking activation in new-onset self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Li Yanzhang , Li Yihan , Sun Jintao , Niu Kai , Wang Pengfei , Xu Yue , Wang Yingfan , Chen Qiqi , Zhang Ke , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive function sleep spiking activation and brain activity in self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS).MethodsWe used spike-wave index (SWI), which means the percentage of the spike and slow wave duration to the total non-REM (NREM) sleep time, as the grouping standard. A total of 14 children with SeLECTS (SWI ≥ 50%), 21 children with SeLECTS (SWI &lt; 50%), and 20 healthy control children were recruited for this study. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (Chinese version) (WISC-IV). Magnetic source activity was assessed using magnetoencephalography calculated for each frequency band using the accumulated source imaging (ASI) technique.ResultsChildren with SeLECTS (SWI ≥ 50%) had the lowest cognitive function scores, followed by those with SeLECTS (SWI &lt; 50%) and then healthy controls. There were significant differences in the localization of magnetic source activity between the three groups: in the alpha (8–12 Hz) frequency band, children with SeLECTS (SWI ≥ 50%) showed deactivation of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) region; in the beta (12–30 Hz) frequency band, children with SeLECTS (SWI ≥ 50%) showed deactivation of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) segment; and in the gamma (30–80 Hz) frequency band, children in the healthy group showed activation of the PCC region.ConclusionThis study revealed significant decreases in cognitive function in children with SeLECTS (SWI ≥ 50%) compared to children with SeLECTS (SWI &lt; 50%) and healthy children, as well as significant differences in magnetic source activity between the three groups. The findings suggest that deactivation of magnetic source activity in the PCC and MFC regions is the main cause of cognitive function decline in SeLECTS patients with some frequency dependence.
Development and validation of a model for predicting the risk of brain arteriovenous malformation rupture based on three-dimensional morphological features
Authors: Zhang Shaosen , Sun Shengjun , Zhai Yuanren , Wang Xiaochen , Zhang Qian , Shi Zhiyong , Ge Peicong , Zhang Dong 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveBrain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important reason for intracranial hemorrhage. This study aimed at developing and validating a model for predicting bAVMs rupture by using three-dimensional (3D) morphological features extracted from Computed Tomography (CT) angiography.Materials and methodsThe prediction model was developed in a cohort consisting of 412 patients with bAVM between January 2010 and December 2020. All cases were partitioned into training and testing sets in the ratio of 7:3. Features were extracted from the 3D model built on CT angiography. Logistic regression was used to develop the model, with features selected using L1 Regularization, presented with a nomogram, and assessed with calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analyze (DCA).ResultsSignificant variations in associated aneurysm, deep located, number of draining veins, type of venous drainage, deep drainage, drainage vein entrance diameter (Dv), type of feeding arteries, middle cerebral artery feeding, volume, Feret diameter, surface area, roundness, elongation, mean density (HU), and median density (HU) were found by univariate analysis (p &lt; 0.05). The prediction model consisted of associated aneurysm, deep located, number of draining veins, deep drainage, Dv, volume, Feret diameter, surface area, mean density, and median density. The model showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.873 (95% CI, 0.791–0.931) in the training set and 0.754 (95% CI, 0.710–0.795) in the testing set.ConclusionsThis study presented 3D morphological features could be conveniently used to predict hemorrhage from unruptured bAVMs.
Effect of breast cancer education based on the health belief model on knowledge, health belief, and breast self-examination among female students of Debre Markos University, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2021
Authors: Wondmu Kumlachew Solomon , Tessema Mekuanint Taddele , Degu Genet , Mihiret Getachew Tilaye , Sinshaw Melkam Tesfaye 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundBreast cancer is the primary cause of mortality in female patients around the world and the second most common cancer after lung cancer in both sexes. Socio-cultural factors contribute to the development, maintenance, and change of health behavior; knowledge, attitudes, and motivation are important individual determinants of health behavior change. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of health belief model-based breast cancer education on knowledge, health belief, and breast self-examination among female students of Debre Markos University, Ethiopia, in 2021.MethodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted on 210 samples selected by simple random sampling; samples were assigned to an intervention group and a control group based on their cluster. Data were collected by self-administration questionnaire before and after intervention and then entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. A dependent t-test and an independent t-test were used. Difference in difference was used to assess the effect of the intervention.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between groups’ knowledge about breast cancer after educational intervention; monthly breast self-examination practice changes from 20.0% to 57.58% and 17.14% to 24.27% in intervention and control groups, respectively; and average scores of all health belief model constructs show a statistically significant change in the intervention group relative to controls after intervention. Overall knowledge increased by 6.24, perceived susceptibility increased by 4.67, perceived seriousness increased by 6.93, benefit of breast self-examination increased by 3.51, self-efficacy increased by 9.45, cues for action increased by 2.74, barriers of breast self-examination decreased by 3.61, and breast self-examination increased by 2.26 due to educational intervention.ConclusionThe health belief model-based education is an effective and efficient way to enhance students’ breast self-examination and promote knowledge and health beliefs about breast cancer. Based on the findings of this study, implementing a health belief model-based educational intervention about breast cancer at different phases of life is important to fight the disease.
Monotherapy for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with score 5-6
Authors: Kemin Li , Mengpei Zhang , Rutie Yin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the monotherapy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients with FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6.MethodsThe low-risk GTN patients from 2012 to 2019 were enrolled. The study is a retrospective report to analyze the efficacy and safety of single-agent chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy in patients with a high FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6.Results75 cases (33.5%) were included. Complete remission was in all patients. Among the 29 cases taking single-agent chemotherapy, 22 cases (75.9%) developed drug resistance. Among the 46 cases taking combination chemotherapy, 7 patients (15.2%) developed drug resistance. There was a statistically significant difference in the drug resistance rate between these two subgroups (P &lt; 0.05), but there was not statistically significant difference in the total number of chemotherapy courses (&lt;2mIU/ml) (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionMonotherapy showed remarkable advantages in GTN patients with FIGO/WHO prognostic score of 5–6.
T-tube enterostomy in the management of apple-peel atresia: A case series from a single center
Authors: Rashwan Hayssam , Kotb Mostafa 
Published: November 2022

Background and objectiveAlthough complex atresias, such as apple-peel and multiple atresias, comprise a smaller percentage, they are usually associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications and mortality rate. Contrary to simple atresias where the surgical technique of choice usually entails bowel resection and anastomosis with or without enteroplasty, managing apple-peel atresia remains more sophisticated. Decompressive and functionalizing stomas are sometimes mandatory to overcome problems such as increased wall thickness and the wide disparity among the anastomotic ends. Few reports discussed using tube enterostomy in the management of apple-peel atresia; nonetheless, no previous prospective studies were conducted to discuss its efficacy on a larger population. In this study, we are describing our experience using this technique on 12 patients suffering from apple-peel atresia in our center.MethodsA prospective study was conducted from June 2015 to May 2020, where all children who were found to have apple-peel atresia were included in the study. T-tube was placed through an enterotomy through the dilated proximal bowel, around 10 cm before the anastomotic line, and was kept in place using a double suture (Stamm technique) before closing the anterior face of the anastomosis. The short distal limb of the T-tube was oriented toward the anastomotic line, while the long proximal limb was directed proximally. After finishing the anastomosis, the T-tube was delivered outside the abdominal wall, anchoring the enterostomy along with the proximal dilated jejunum against the anterior abdominal wall.ResultsA total of 12 cases were encountered throughout the period of study. The mean age at operation was 4 days and the mean birth weight was 2700 g. The mean time for starting oral feeding postoperatively and T-tube removal was 8 and 10.5 days, respectively. Cases were discharged after a mean of 22 days. As regards morbidity and mortality, a single case developed skin excoriations at the site of tube insertion and was managed conservatively using topical ointments and another case died from overwhelming sepsis 3 days after the operation.ConclusionT-tube enteroplasty is a safe and feasible option in the surgical management of apple-peel atresia. The main strength of our study is its prospective nature and that it includes apple-peel atresia cases only. However, the main limitation is that a larger sample is needed.
Expression and significance of serum vitamin D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Shaojie , He Yixiu , Pan Menglan , Chen Bingzhang , Zhang Siqi , Zhang Yufeng , Zhu Yafei 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of vitamin D and human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in the occurrence and development of bacterial pneumonia in infants.MethodsFrom January 2021 to January 2022, 80 infants with bacterial pneumonia were selected, including 33 cases of gram-positive bacterial infection (GP) and 47 cases of gram-negative bacterial infection (GN). During the same period, 40 infants who underwent health examination in The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University served as the healthy control group. On the day of admission, peripheral blood was collected from pneumonia patients, and during physical examination of controls; and serum LL-37 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. The differences in serum LL-37 and 25(OH)D levels and their correlation with disease severity were compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia.ResultsThe levels of 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D deficiency were significantly lower in patients than in controls (all P &lt; 0.05), and the levels of serum LL-37 were significantly higher in pneumonia patients than in controls (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D and LL-37 levels between cases with GP and GN (all P &gt; 0.05). The serum 25(OH)D level was lower in the severe pneumonia group than in the mild pneumonia group and controls, and the 25(OH)D deficiency rate was higher; the difference was statistically significant (all P &lt; 0.05). The LL-37 level in the severe pneumonia group was lower than that in the mild pneumonia group but higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). The 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with the LL-37 level (r = 0.8, P &lt; 0.05), and the 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with procalcitonin (PCT) and length of hospital stay (rs = −0.3, −0.3, P &lt; 0.05); the LL-37 level was negatively correlated with PCT and length of hospital stay (rs = −0.4, −0.2, P &lt; 0.05) in infants with bacterial pneumonia.ConclusionA low level of vitamin D is present in infants with bacterial pneumonia, and its status affects the severity and outcome of pneumonia. The level of LL-37 is increased in infants with bacterial pneumonia, but it shows a downward trend with progression of the disease.