bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of soil silicon fractions and bioavailability during centennial‐scale evolution of ecosystem after glacier retreat
Authors: Wu Lele , Song Zhaoliang , Yang Xiaomin , Zhang Xiaodong , Hao Qian , Xia Shaopan , Zhao Xiangwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biogeochemical cycle of Si plays an important role in maintaining the function and stability of ecosystems. Although there have been many studies on long‐term silicate weathering, there are few reports on Si fractions and cycling in early ecosystem development. Using optimized sequential chemical extraction processes, this study quantified soil Si fractions of the eluvial horizon and deposition layers in Hailuogou Glacier Retreat Area of Gongga Mountain, Southwest China. The results showed that plant‐available Si (NaAc–Si) content decreased significantly from 33.40 to 2.16 mg kg−1 with the increase of soil age. There was a significantly positive correlation (p < .01) between soil pH and NaAc–Si. Within the labile Si fractions, the largest fraction was amorphous Si (Na2CO3–Si) (165.35 ± 81.50 mg kg−1), followed by pedogenic oxides/hydroxides chemisorbed Si (Oxalate–Si) (135.13 ± 66.83 mg kg−1), Si adsorbed on the surface of inorganic soil particles (Acetic–Si) (9.66 ± 4.27 mg kg−1), and soluble Si (CaCl2–Si) (4.89 ± 1.68 mg kg−1). Compared with Stage 1 (i.e., a variety of pioneer species symbiosis stage) after glacier retreat, the storage of these four labile Si fractions in Stage 3 (i.e., climax species stage) decreased by 45.95% (CaCl2–Si), 42.98% (Acetic–Si), 67.34% (Oxalate–Si), and 75.24% (Na2CO3–Si), respectively, due to the absorption and utilization of Si by plants. Our study implies that the multiple transformations of different Si fractions in soils and the absorption and return of Si by plants can keep the CaCl2–Si pool in dynamic equilibrium, which provides a basis for the stability of ecosystem functions during the vegetation evolution after glacier retreat.
Controlled Growth of Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Interface for High‐Performance Ammonia Production
Authors: Zhao Shuya , Zheng Zhiqiang , Qi Lu , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic catalytic activity and active sites of the catalyst originate from the interface efficient charge transfer. A 2D graphdiyne (GDY) layer grown on the surface of zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocubes (ZIFNC@GDY) forms a novel structure of a perfect “donor–bridge–acceptor” interface, in which the ZIFNC and GDY act as electron donor and acceptor, respectively, linked by the sp‐C–Co and sp‐C–N bonds as bridges. Importantly, the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits intrinsically high reactivity for ammonia production through the nitrate reduction reaction (NtRR) in neutral aqueous solutions at ambient pressures and temperatures. The NtRR performance of the as‐prepared electrocatalyst is confirmed by the high NH3 yield rate (YNH3) of 0.40 ± 0.02 mmol h–1 cm–2 at potential of −0.745V versus RHE and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.51 ± 0.75%, as well as the excellent stability. We show that such unique interfacial structures can accelerate the efficient electron transfers between the zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocubes (ZIFNC) core and GDY shell, enrich the electron density on the GDY surface, and thereby promote fast redox switching, creating more active sites, and improving the catalytic performances.
Effects of the clearance between the core plate and restraining part on the structural performance of the buckling‐restrained brace using steel mortar planks
Authors: Fujita Masanori , Nakamura Makoto , Awazu Kengo , Iwata Mamoru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe clearance between the core plate and the restraining part of the buckling‐restrained brace using steel mortar planks (BRBSM) considerably affects the failure mode and hysteretic characteristics of the brace. A clearance adjustment construction is proposed for the BRBSM which can control the clearance through partially pasting clearance adjustment materials and polishing the mortar plank surface. First, the clearance adjustment construction workflow and quality control are demonstrated, and it is verified that the clearance can be assured by fabricating specimens. Further, the effects of the difference in clearance between the core plate and restraining part on the structural performance of the BRBSM in terms of failure behaviour, increase strength ratio, buckling mode and cumulative plastic strain energy ratio are evaluated by conducting a cyclic axial loading test.
Strategies to Enhance ZnO Photocatalyst's Performance for Water Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hezam Abdo , Drmosh Q. A. , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Bajiri Mohammed Abdullah , Qamar Mohammad , Namratha K. , Zare Mina , Nayan M. B. , Onaizi Sagheer A. , Byrappa K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation using ZnO started in 1910–1911, many challenges are still ahead, and several critical issues have to be addressed. Large band gap, and short life‐time of photogenerated electrons and holes are critical issues negatively affect the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. Various approaches have been introduced to overcome these issues including intrinsic doping, extrinsic doping, and heterostructure. This review introduces unique and deep insights into tuning of the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. It starts by description of how to tune the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnO through tuning its morphology, surface area, exposed face, and intrinsic defects. Afterward, the review explains how the Z‐scheme approach succeed to address the redox weakened issue of heterojunction approach. In general, this review provides a clear image that helps the researcher to tune the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnO and its heterostructure.
Lenvatinib induces cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos through regulation of Notch mediated‐oxidative stress generation
Authors: Liu Jieping , Huang Ling , Wan Mengqi , Chen Guilan , Su Meile , Han Fang , Liu Fasheng , Xiong Guanghua , Liao Xinjun , Lu Huiqiang , Li Wanbo , Cao Zigang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to an increasing number of abused drugs dumped into the wastewater, more and more drugs are detected in the water environment, which may affect the survival of aquatic organisms. Lenvatinib is a multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and is clinically used to treat differentiated thyroid cancer, renal epithelial cell carcinoma and liver cancer. However, there are few reports on the effects of lenvatinib in embryos development. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to evaluate the effect of lenvatinib on cardiovascular development. Well‐developed zebrafish embryos were selected at 6 h post fertilization (hpf) and exposed to 0.05 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L lenvatinib up to 72 hpf. The processed embryos demonstrated cardiac edema, decreased heart rate, prolonged SV‐BA distance, inhibited angiogenesis, and blocked blood circulation. Lenvatinib caused cardiac defects in the whole stage of cardiac development and increased the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Oxidative stress in the processed embryos was accumulated and inhibiting oxidative stress could rescue cardiac defects induced by lenvatinib. Additionally, we found that lenvatinib downregulated Notch signaling, and the activation of Notch signaling could rescue cardiac developmental defects and downregulate oxidative stress level induced by lenvatinib. Our results suggested that lenvatinib might induce cardiac developmental toxicity through inducing Notch mediated‐oxidative stress generation, raising concerns about the harm of exposure to lenvatinib in aquatic organisms.
Small‐scale silvopasture: Addressing urban and peri‐urban livestock challenges in the United States with agroforestry practices
Authors: Conway Ashley , Nieman Christine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe growing urban and peri‐urban populations around the world creates strain on food and environmental security. Alleviation of these stressors may be possible by enhancing regional food production and ecosystem services provided by urban and peri‐urban agriculture (UPA). Despite the growing popularity of UPA in the United States, incorporating livestock in these settings is challenging. A review of the literature identified three key barriers to adoption of urban and peri‐urban livestock keeping that have the potential to be ameliorated using agroforestry practices to facilitate integration: animal feed resources, water quality and nutrient cycling, and use of sites contaminated with heavy metals. A discussion focused on the solutions to those barriers resulted in two theoretical silvopasture systems; we propose one for the urban setting and another for the peri‐urban setting. We have determined small‐scale livestock keeping provides a potential strategy to meet the demands of growing urban and peri‐urban environments, but sustainable and effective integration of livestock under these conditions must be considered to mitigate environmental risks associated with urban livestock keeping. Urban silvopasture has the potential to enhance specialty crop and niche food production in these environments. Future research should seek to better understand small‐scale silvopasture at the whole‐system level in a variety of resource contexts and with local species and practices.
Effects of sub‐acute co‐exposure to WIFI (2.45 GHz) and Pistacia lentiscus oil treatment on wound healing by primary intention in male rabbits
Authors: Latrach R. , Ben Chehida N. , Allous A. , Redid H. , Rejeb A. , Abdelmelek H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe bioeffects of WIFI on cutaneous wound healing remains unexplored. In addition, several medicinal plant products including lentisk oil have been shown to interfere with wound healing process. Since the use of this oil is increasing, the co‐exposure (WIFI‐Lentisk oil) assessment is of paramount importance.ObjectivesWe aimed in the present study to investigate the effects of WIFI exposure as well as the application of Pistacia lentiscus oil on sutured wounds (SW).MethodsNew Zealand male rabbits (n = 24) were used and randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: a control group (SW) and three experimental groups (i) a first group exposed to WIFI (2.45 GHz, 6 h/day) during 16 days (SWW); (ii) a second group exposed to WIFI (2.45 GHz, 6 h/day) during 16 days and treated with lentisk oil (SWWL) and (iii) a third group not exposed to WIFI but treated with lentisk oil (SWL). The wound healing was evaluated by monitoring clinical parameters (temperature, food intake, relative weight variation, and macroscopic aspect) and histology.ResultsThe mean food intake was higher in the SWWL group compared to the three other groups (p < 0.001) and higher in the SWL group compared to the SW group (p = 0.014). The exposition to WIFI (SWW group) or lentisk oil application (SWL group) can promote the collagen deposition and ameliorate the general aspect of wounds. By contrast, the co‐exposure to WIFI and lentisk oil (SWWL) results in antagonist effects and extends the inflammatory phase of wound healing.ConclusionsWounds treated topically with Pistacia lentiscus oil should not be exposed to WIFI.
Regulatory mechanisms of cytoneme-based morphogen transport
Authors: Daly Christina A. , Hall Eric T. , Ogden Stacey K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring development and tissue homeostasis, cells must communicate with their neighbors to ensure coordinated responses to instructional cues. Cues such as morphogens and growth factors signal at both short and long ranges in temporal- and tissue-specific manners to guide cell fate determination, provide positional information, and to activate growth and survival responses. The precise mechanisms by which such signals traverse the extracellular environment to ensure reliable delivery to their intended cellular targets are not yet clear. One model for how this occurs suggests that specialized filopodia called cytonemes extend between signal-producing and -receiving cells to function as membrane-bound highways along which information flows. A growing body of evidence supports a crucial role for cytonemes in cell-to-cell communication. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms by which cytonemes are initiated, how they grow, and how they deliver specific signals are only starting to be revealed. Herein, we discuss recent advances toward improved understanding of cytoneme biology. We discuss similarities and differences between cytonemes and other types of cellular extensions, summarize what is known about how they originate, and discuss molecular mechanisms by which their activity may be controlled in development and tissue homeostasis. We conclude by highlighting important open questions regarding cytoneme biology, and comment on how a clear understanding of their function may provide opportunities for treating or preventing disease.
Sedentary behaviour and physical activity are associated with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation—relevance for (pre)diabetes: The Maastricht Study
Authors: Vandercappellen Evelien J. , Koster Annemarie , Savelberg Hans H. C. M. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Schram Miranda T. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , Wesselius Anke , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Kroon Abraham A. , Henry Ronald M. A. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are important in the pathogenesis of CVD and can potentially be modified by physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Effects of physical activity on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction may be especially prominent in type 2 diabetes.

Methods
In the population-based Maastricht Study (n = 2363, 51.5% male, 28.3% type 2 diabetes, 15.1% prediabetes [defined as impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose]), we determined biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, and combined z scores were calculated. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by activPAL. Linear regression analyses were used with adjustment for demographic, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
The association between total, light, moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous intensity physical activity and sedentary time on the one hand and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction on the other were generally significant and were consistently stronger in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as compared with normal glucose metabolism status (p for interaction <0.05). Associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the one hand and low-grade inflammation on the other were also significant and were similar in individuals with and without (pre)diabetes (p for interaction >0.05).

Conclusions/interpretation
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. For biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour were consistently stronger in (pre)diabetes than in normal glucose metabolism. Whether increasing physical activity or decreasing sedentary time can positively influence biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes requires further study.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of characteristics and tumor targeting properties of extracellular vesicles derived from primary NK cells or NK-cell lines stimulated with IL-15 or IL-12/15/18
Authors: Aarsund Miriam , Segers Filip M. , Wu Yunjie , Inngjerdingen Marit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNK cell-based therapies have shown promise for hematological cancer forms, but their use against solid tumors is hampered by their poor ability to infiltrate the tumor. NK cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing cytolytic proteins, indicating that NK-cell derived EVs may have therapeutic potential. In this study, we compared the tumor-targeting potential of EVs derived from either primary NK cells or the NK cell lines NK-92 and KHYG-1 cultured in IL-15 alone or in combination with IL-12 and IL-18. Primary NK cells were also stimulated through the activating receptor CD16. Tumor cell apoptosis was measured using a panel of human colon, melanoma, glioblastoma, prostate, breast, and ovarian tumor cell line spheroids. NK cells or NK-92 cells stimulated with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 generated EVs with higher efficiency than EVs from resting cells, although similar amounts of EVs were produced under both conditions. Proteomic analysis indicated similar distribution of cytolytic proteins in EVs from primary NK cells and NK-92, but lower levels in KHYG-1 EVs that translated into poor capacity for KHYG-1 EVs at targeting tumor cell lines. Further, we show that CD16-stimulated NK cells release low amounts of EVs devoid of cytolytic proteins. Importantly, EVs from cytokine-stimulated NK cells penetrate into the spheroid core, and tumor spheroid susceptibility to NK-cell derived EVs was linked to differential expression of the NKG2D ligands MICA/B, which was blocked with an anti-NKG2D antibody. We conclude that EVs from activated primary NK cells or NK-92 cells has the best potential to infiltrate and target solid tumors.
Analysis of Surgical Mortalities Using the Fishbone Model for Quality Improvement in Surgical Disciplines
Authors: Moeng M. S. , Luvhengo T. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe healthcare industry is complex and prone to the occurrence of preventable patient safety incidents. Most serious patient safety events in surgery are preventable.AimThis study was conducted to determine the rate of occurrence of preventable mortalities and to use the fishbone model to establish the main contributing factors.MethodsWe reviewed the records of patients who died following admission to the surgical wards. Data regarding their demography, diagnosis, acuity, comorbidities, categorization of death and contributing factors were extracted from the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Factors which contributed to preventable and potentially preventable mortalities were collated. The fishbone model was used for root cause analysis. The study received prior ethical clearance (M190122).ResultsRecords of 859 mortalities were found, of which 65.7% (564/859) were males. The median age of the patients who died was 49 years (IQR: 33–64 years). The median length of hospital stay before death was three days (IQR: 1–11 days). Twenty‐four percent (24.1%) of the deaths were from gastrointestinal (GIT) emergencies, 18.4% followed head injury and 17.0% from GIT cancers. Overall, 5.4% of the mortalities were preventable, and 41.1% were considered potentially preventable. The error of judgment and training issues accounted for 46% of mortalities.ConclusionMost surgical mortalities involve males, and around 46% are either potentially preventable or preventable. The majority of the mortality were associated with GIT emergencies, head injury and advanced malignancies of the GIT. The leading contributing factors to preventable and potentially preventable mortalities were the error of judgment, inadequate training and shortage of resources.
TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation
Authors: Tiegs Gisa , Horst Andrea K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly important as pro-inflammatory cytokine being involved in the immunopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In the liver, TNF induces numerous biological responses such as hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, liver inflammation and regeneration, and autoimmunity, but also progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering these multiple functions of TNF in the liver, we propose anti-TNF therapies that specifically target TNF signalling at the level of its specific receptors.
Intergenus F1-hybrids of African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae: Gnathonemus petersii ♂ × Campylomormyrus compressirostris ♀) are fertile
Authors: Korniienko Yevheniia , Nzimora Kingsley C. , Vater Marianne , Tiedemann Ralph , Kirschbaum Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHybridisation is an important element of adaptive radiation in fish but data are limited in weakly electric mormyrid fish in this respect. Recently, it has been shown that intragenus hybrids (Campylomormyrus) are fertile and are able to produce F2-fish. In this paper, we demonstrate that even intergenus hybrids (Gnathonemus petersii ♂ × Campylomormyrus compressirostris ♀) are fertile. Three artificial reproduction (AR) trials, with an average fertilisation rate of ca. 23%, yielded different numbers of survivals (maximally about 50%) of the F1-hybrids. The complete ontogenetic development of these hybrids is described concerning their morphology and electric organ discharge (EOD). Two EOD types emerged at the juvenile stage, which did not change up to adulthood. Type I consisted of four phases and Type II was triphasic. The minimum body length at sexual maturity was between 10 and 11 cm. Malformations, growth and mortality rates are also described.
Balance Evaluation Systems Test: deutsche Übersetzung, kulturelle Anpassung und erste Ergebnisse zu Gütekriterien
Authors: Haselwander Maren , Henes Yannick , Weisbrod Matthias , Diermayr Gudrun 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) evaluiert die Balancefähigkeit und identifiziert die dem Balancedefizit zugrunde liegenden Systeme.

Ziel
Primäre Ziele waren die Übersetzung und kulturelle Anpassung des BESTest ins Deutsche. Sekundäres Ziel war die Testung der Gütekriterien.

Methode
Der Übersetzungs- und Anpassungsprozess erfolgte in 7 Schritten in Anlehnung an internationale Richtlinien. Zur Testung der Gütekriterien wurden Personen mit subjektivem oder objektivem Balancedefizit eingeschlossen. Die Testung beinhaltete die Bestimmung der internen Konsistenz mittels Cronbachs α und der Kriteriumsvalidität mittels Korrelation mit der Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Die Konstruktvalidität wurde mit der Activities-Specific Balance Confidence-Scale (ABC‑D Scale) sowie anhand der Methode der bekannten Gruppen (gestürzte vs. nichtgestürzte Teilnehmende) untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Von 27 Personen liegen Ergebnisse zur Testung der Gütekriterien vor. Cronbachs α beträgt 0,95 für die Gesamtskala. Der Zusammenhang der BESTest-Werte mit denen der BBS lag mit Spearmans rho bei ρ = 0,84 (p < 0,001) und mit denen der ABC‑D Scale bei ρ = 0,61 (p < 0,001). Gestürzte und Nichtgestürzte zeigten nur im Trend unterschiedliche BESTest Werte (p = 0,057).

Diskussion
Mit dieser Arbeit steht eine von der Entwicklerin autorisierte deutsche Übersetzung des BESTest zur Verfügung. Diese vorläufigen Ergebnisse bestätigen die Reliabilität und die Validität der Originalversion.