bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐local effects of human activity on the spatial distribution of migratory wildlife in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Kavwele Cyrus M. , Torney Colin J. , Morrison Thomas A. , Fulford Sidney , Masolele Majaliwa M. , Masoy Joseph , Hopcraft J. Grant C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Human activities are transforming landscapes and altering the structure and functioning of ecosystems worldwide and often result in sharp contrasts between human‐dominated landscapes and adjacent natural habitats that lead to the creation of hard edges and artificial boundaries. The configuration of these boundaries could influence local biotic interactions and animal behaviours.
Here, we investigate whether boundaries of different degrees of ‘hardness’ affect space utilization by migratory species in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We deployed camera traps along transects perpendicular to the national park boundary at three different locales. The transects were located in areas that consisted of two types of human–wildlife interface: a sudden transition from the national park into agro‐pastoral land use (termed a ‘hard’ boundary) and a more gradual transition mediated by a shared usage area (termed a ‘soft’ boundary).
Camera traps were placed at 2 km intervals along each 10 km transect from the edge towards the core of the park and were programmed to collect images hourly between dawn and dusk between June 2016 and March 2019. We used a deep neural network to detect the presence of wildlife within images and then used a Bayesian model with diffuse priors to estimate parameters of a generalized linear model with a Bernoulli likelihood. We explored the binomial probability of either wildebeest or zebra presence as a function of distance to the boundary, the rate of grass greening or drying (dNDVI) and the concentration of grass protein.
There was a strong negative effect of distance to boundary on the probability of detecting wildebeest or zebra; however, this was only observed where the transition from human‐dominated landscape to protected areas was sudden. Conversely, soft boundaries had little to no effect on the probability of detecting wildebeest or zebra. The results suggest that boundary type affects migratory species occurrence.
The implications of these findings suggest that hard boundaries reduce the effective size of conservation areas; for many species, the area used by wildlife is likely less than the gazetted area under protection. The impacts may be severe especially for narrow protected areas or dispersal corridors.
Genetics of Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence
Authors: Augustine Dominic , Sowmya SV , Haragannavar Vanishri C , Gujjar Neethi , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe triad of congenital micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction observed in Pierre Robin Syndrome (PRS) is displayed in three different forms. A bibliographic search was done in the PubMed database with keywords Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence and genetic mutations. English literature published from 2015 to 2021 specifically to the genetic associations with PRS were included and were subsequently discussed in the following subsections: (1) Case reports, (2) Case series, (3) Cohort studies and (4) Animal models. The genes involved in the human syndromic PRS phenotypes as reported in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and the Monarch Initiative were done. The mutations reported in syndromic cases are more specific to the syndrome in comparison to isolated cases. The involvement of transcription factorSOX9is known to be strongly associated with PRS phenotype. The technologies can detect these mutations efficiently and help in the diagnostic approach.Key ConceptsDiverse mutations are reported in PRS.Newer technologies can detect these mutations efficiently.Identifying genetic mutations aid in genetic counselling.Transcription factorSOX9is strongly associated with PRS phenotype.A comprehensive workup is required to diagnose PRS.
Acetylcholine in Carcinogenesis and Targeting Cholinergic Receptors in Oncology
Authors: Aronowitz Alexandra L. , Ali Shahrukh R. , Glaun Mica D.E. , Amit Moran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTumor cells modulate and are modulated by their microenvironments, which include the nervous system. Accumulating evidence links the overexpression and activity of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes to tumorigenesis in breast, ovarian, prostate, gastric, pancreatic, and head and neck cancers. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have downstream factors are associated with angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, antiapoptotic signaling, and survival. Clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of various therapies targeting cholinergic signaling or downstream pathways of acetylcholine have shed promising light on novel cancer therapeutics. Although the evidence for cholinergic signaling involvement in tumor development is substantial, a more detailed understanding of the acetylcholine‐induced mechanisms of tumorigenesis remains to be unlocked. Such an understanding would enable the development of clinical applications ranging from the identification of novel biomarkers to the utilization of existing drugs to modulate cholinergic signaling to the development of novel cancer therapies, as discussed in this review.
Stimulus‐Responsive Photonic Crystals for Advanced Security
Authors: Wang Wentao , Zhou Yicheng , Yang Liu , Yang Xupei , Yao Yuyuan , Meng Yao , Tang Bingtao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCounterfeiting is a growing global issue causing severe negative impacts on the social economy and posing serious security threats to individuals and communities. However, the current anticounterfeiting technologies are relatively well known to fakers and lack sufficient security owing to the development and commercialization of high‐resolution equipment. Thus, designing new anticounterfeiting materials and systems is urgently needed. Photonic crystals (PCs) with vivid structural colors are promising materials for advanced security applications because of their unique optical characteristics. In particular, responsive PCs (RPCs), whose optical signals can be readily adjusted by external stimuli, are expected to provide improved security and may be used to determine the authenticity of banknotes, documents, and drugs. In this review, the strategies are summarized for designing RPCs, including filling responsive materials into the interstitial space of periodic photonic structures and using responsive materials as construction blocks of PCs. Subsequently, the latest progress in developing RPCs constructed for optical encryption and information security is discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and outlook of using RPCs for optical encryption technologies are presented.
Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Efficiency Exceeding 25% Realized by Co‐Spacer Cations
Authors: Jiang Ji , Chu Zema , Yin Zhigang , Li Jingzhen , Yang Yingguo , Chen Jingren , Wu Jinliang , You Jingbi , Zhang Xingwang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have received great attention in recent years due to their narrow emission bandwidth and tunable emission spectrum. Efficient red emission is one of most important parts for lighting and displays. Quasi‐2D perovskites can deliver high emission efficiency due to the strong carrier confinement, while the external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of red quasi‐2D PeLEDs are inefficient at present, which is due to the complex distribution of different n‐value phases in quasi‐2D perovskite films. In this work, the phase distribution of the quasi‐2D perovskite is finely controlled by mixing two different large organic cations, which effectively reduces the amount of smaller n‐index phases, meanwhile the passivation of lead and halide defects in perovskite films is realized. Accordingly, the PeLEDs show 25.8% EQE and 1300 cd m−2 maximum brightness at 680 nm, which exhibits the highest performance for red PeLEDs up to now.
Releasable Water Charge‐Trapping and Water‐Resistant Photodetection using 1D Perovskitoid Hydrate Single Crystal
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Fu Yulan , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Xinping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrates of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been discovered with MAPbI3 and are proved to be unstable in atmosphere. However, the influence of water molecules on the performance of optoelectronic devices is still not fully understood. Here, using a dication, 2‐(dimethylamino) ethylamine (DMEN2+), a stable quasi‐1D perovskitoid hydrate single crystal is designed and successfully synthesized, which is formulated as DMENPb2I6·H2O. In this design, both corner‐sharing and edge‐sharing connectivity are adopted, and water molecules are connected with the crystal through hydrogen bonding. It is discovered that such water sites distributed along the inorganic chains function both as charge traps and as releasable charge stocks. Optical excitation that overcomes the potential wells formed on these water sites may release these stocked charges and facilitate enhanced transportable charge density. Meanwhile, exciton diffusion and charge transport are strongly confined in the 1D transport channels. Above mechanisms are verified both by the transient absorption spectroscopy and by the photodetection performance. This introduces a new design strategy with a trapping–stock–releasing–transport roadmap for perovskitoid materials. Excellent water resistance endows this material with more advantages in the development of a new generation of optoelectronic devices.
Bio‐Inspired Anti‐Icing Material as an Energy‐Saving Design toward Sustainable Ice Repellency
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Zhanhui , Tan Sicong , Zang Ruhua , Li Cunyi , He Zhiyuan , Meng Jingxin , Wang Shutao , Wang Jianjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo avoid disastrous consequences from ice deposition, solar anti‐icing surfaces (SASs) have performed the potential of anti‐icing application because of their excellent photothermal de‐icing effect in the daytime. However, the deposition of ice still cannot be prevented due to the lack of solar energy at cold night, inevitably requiring extra energy consumption such as electrical heating. In this work, a bio‐inspired anti‐icing material (BAM) is presented, showing an energy‐saving design for sustainable ice repellency. By integrating a phase change microcapsule (PCM) layer with a superhydrophobic photothermal (SPT) layer, the BAM can delay icing for more than 8 h at cold night without any external energy. Different from traditional SASs, the PCM layer can store energy in the daytime and release heat energy for keeping temperature up freezing point at night. In addition, the SPT layer displays excellent solar‐to‐heat conversion for sufficient energy and robust self‐cleaning property for avoiding the blockage of sunlight from the contaminants or molten water, thereby resulting in the excellent icing delay. Therefore, this design can be developed and utilized for sustainable ice repellent applications such as power transmission, building infrastructure, and transportation networks.
In Situ Preparation of High‐Quality Flexible Manganese‐Halide Scintillator Films for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Xia Kaiyu , Ran Peng , Wang Wenwen , Yu Jiewen , Xu Gaopeng , Wang Kun , Pi Xiaodong , He Qingquan , Yang Yang (Michael) , Pan Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly metal halides have emerged as emitters in lighting and X‐ray imaging applications. However, the conventional scintillator fabrication process involves high‐temperature sintering or powder grinding, resulting in large bulk crystals or agglomerates, which hamper flexible device integration and processability. Here, large‐area flexible scintillation screen films containing (C24H20P)2MnBr4 nanocrystals are prepared in situ, which prevents the generation of agglomerated powders or large bulk crystals, and the preparation duration and cost are reduced. The film exhibits good mechanical stability and homogeneity, and the photoluminescence quantum yield is over 85%. Moreover, the film presents excellent scintillation performance with detection limit as low as 0.608 μGyair s−1 and 14.5 lp mm−1 X‐ray imaging resolution. This excellent performance and simple preparation method are expected to favor industrial mass production.
Reduced tillage and rotational diversity improve soil health in Missouri
Authors: Veum Kristen S. , Zuber Stacy M. , Ransom Curtis , Myers Robert L. , Kitchen Newell R. , Anderson Stephen H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Missouri Soil and Water Conservation Program was initiated by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to address challenges related to soil and water degradation by examining soil health under real‐world management practices. Soil health data from 5,300 field sites enrolled in a DNR cost‐share program were analyzed for the effects of tillage intensity [no‐till (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and intensive tillage (IT)] and crop rotational diversity (monoculture, two‐crops, and three or more crops in rotation) within and across six regions in the state. Soil health indicators included soil organic carbon (SOC), active carbon, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), and aggregate stability. At the state level, SOC, active carbon, and PMN were 14.4, 14.0, and 17.5% greater under NT, and 10.2, 11.0, and 11.2% greater under RT, respectively, compared with IT. Aggregate stability was greater under NT (33.8%) and RT (30.4%) relative to IT (28.0%). Across the state, diversified rotations with three or more crops exhibited 6.1 and 7.9% greater SOC, 6.5 and 7.9% greater active carbon, and 10.7 and 11.6% greater PMN relative to two‐crop rotations or monocultures, respectively. Aggregate stability was significantly greater under diversified rotations (35.5%) relative to two‐crop rotations (30.6%) and monoculture (30.8%). This study highlights the value of on‐farm datasets from real crop production systems and illustrates the potential to increase soil health with adoption of conservation tillage and extended crop rotations in Missouri.
ECHS1 deficiency and its biochemical and clinical phenotype
Authors: Ozlu Can , Chelliah Priya , Dahshi Hamza , Horton Daniel , Edgar Veronica B. , Messahel Souad , Kayani Saima 
Published: July 2022

AbstractECHS1 gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme, short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (SCEH). SCEH is involved in fatty acid oxidation ([Sharpe and McKenzie (2018); Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders associated with short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (ECHS1) deficiency, 7: 46]) and valine catabolism ([Fong and Schulz (1977); Purification and properties of pig heart crotonase and the presence of short chain and long chain enoyl coenzyme A hydratases in pig and guinea pig tissues, 252: 542–547]; [Wanders et al. (2012); Enzymology of the branched‐chain amino acid oxidation disorders: The valine pathway, 35: 5–12]), and the dysfunction of SCEH leads to a severe Leigh or Leigh‐like Syndrome phenotype in patients ([Haack et al. (2015); Deficiency of ECHS1 causes mitochondrial encephalopathy with cardiac involvement, 2: 492–509]; [Peters et al. (2014); ECHS1 mutations in Leigh disease: A new inborn error of metabolism affecting valine metabolism, 137: 2903–2908]; [Sakai et al. (2015); ECHS1 mutations cause combined respiratory chain deficiency resulting in Leigh syndrome, 36: 232–239]; [Tetreault et al. (2015); Whole‐exome sequencing identifies novel ECHS1 mutations in Leigh, 134: 981–991]). This study aims to further describe the ECHS1 deficiency phenotype using medical history questionnaires and standardized tools assessing quality of life and adaptive skills. Our findings in this largest sample of ECHS1 patients in literature to date (n = 13) illustrate a severely disabling condition causing severe developmental delays (n = 11), regression (n = 10), dystonia/hypotonia and movement disorders (n = 13), commonly with symptom onset in infancy (n = 10), classical MRI findings involving the basal ganglia (n = 11), and variability in biochemical profile. Congruent with the medical history, our patients had significantly low composite and domain scores on Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition. We believe there is an increasing need for better understanding of ECHS1 deficiency with an aim to support the development of transformative genetic‐based therapies, driven by the unmet need for therapies for patients with this genetic disease.
A comprehensive analysis of variability in the sulci that define the inferior frontal gyrus in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) brain
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Sprung‐Much Trisanna , Amiez Celine , Procyk Emmanuel , Petrides Michael , Schapiro Steven J. , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn the human brain, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is comprised of three morphological regions, which include the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis. These brains regions are implicated in a number of cognitive and linguistic functions, and the pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the language dominant hemisphere are collectively referred to as Broca's area. Evolution of the morphology of the IFG has been a topic of study in comparative neuroscience.Materials and MethodsUsing magnetic resonance images (MRI) from 294 chimpanzees with known pedigrees, we quantified the folding patterns, surface area, and depth of three sulci and their subdivisions that define the IFG.ResultsChimpanzees show considerable individual variation in IFG sulci. A higher proportion of males and chimpanzees with better orofacial motor control had a bifurcation in the dorsal limb of the fronto‐orbital sulcus. For surface area and depth, chimpanzees with better orofacial motor control had greater leftward asymmetries in surface area and increased gyrification for the fronto‐orbital sulcus and greater rightward biases for the inferior precentral sulcus. Quantitative genetic analyses revealed that the average surface area and depth for three of the five sulci subdivisions were significantly heritable. By contrast, we found no evidence for heritability in asymmetries for any of the sulci.DiscussionThese findings provide context to understanding evolutionary selection for increasing motor, cognitive and linguistic functions among primates, and contribute an essential comparative framework for interpreting IFG evolution in the human lineage.
Semisynthese von homogen glykosylierten, aktiven Varianten des Granulozyten‐Kolonie‐stimulierenden Faktors
Authors: Kerul Lukas , Schrems Maximilian , Schmid Alanca , Meli Rajeshwari , Becker Christian F. W. , Bello Claudia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDer Granulozyten‐Kolonie‐stimulierende Faktor (G‐CSF) ist ein Zytokin, das zur Behandlung von Neutropenie eingesetzt wird. Unterschiedlich glykosylierte und nicht glykosylierte Varianten von G‐CSF werden für therapeutische Anwendungen derzeit durch rekombinante Expression hergestellt. Im Folgenden beschreiben wir unsere Herangehensweise zur Etablierung einer ersten Semisynthesestrategie für die Synthese des Aglykons und verschiedenerO‐Glykoformen von G‐CSF, um die Herstellung von selektiv und homogen posttranslational modifizierten Varianten dieses wichtigen Zytokins zu ermöglichen. Letztendlich erreichten wir dies, durch die Selenoesterligation eines rekombinant hergestellten N‐terminalen Segments mit einem synthetisch hergestellten C‐terminalen Segment, welches vorübergehend mit einer lichtabspaltbaren Polyethylenglykol‐ (PEG) Gruppe an einer Seitenkette versehen wurde, bei niedrigen Konzentrationen. Die transiente PEGylierung ermöglichte dabei die quantitative enzymatische Verlängerung des Kohlenhydrates an Thr133. Insgesamt ist es uns gelungen, die Syntheseherausforderungen auf Grund der niedrigen Löslichkeit und der Aggregationstendenz der zwei Proteinsegmente, signifikant zu reduzieren. Dies ermöglichte uns die Herstellung von vier G‐CSF Varianten, die erfolgreich gefaltet wurden und in Zellproliferationsexperimenten biologische Aktivität zeigten.
Deep Learning for Additive Screening in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Na , Liu Dawei , Tao Guanhong , Xu Weidong , Li Mengmeng , Chu Ying , Cao Chensi , Lu Feiyue , Hao Chenjie , Zhang Ju , Cao Yu , Gao Feng , Wang Nana , Zhu Lin , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdditive engineering with organic molecules is of critical importance for achieving high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices. However, experimentally finding suitable additives is costly and time consuming, while conventional machine learning (ML) is difficult to predict accurately due to the limited experimental data available in this relatively new field. Here, we demonstrate a deep learning method that can predict the effectiveness of additives in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with a high accuracy up to 96 % by using a small dataset of 132 molecules. This model can maximize the information of the molecules and significantly mitigate the duplicated problem that usually happened with previous models in ML for molecular screening. Very high efficiency PeLEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency up to 22.7 % can be achieved by using the predicated additive. Our work opens a new avenue for further boosting the performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Dexmedetomidine as a rescue agent during intracranial neurosurgery in the setting of opioid tolerance
Authors: Mackie S. , Chambers D. , Sebastian J. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryDexmedetomidine is a versatile sedative agent widely used both in anaesthesia and intensive care. We present the case of a 32‐year‐old woman with a long‐term history of non‐prescribed intravenous opioid use who underwent elective resection of a skull base tumour. There was difficulty in achieving an adequate depth of anaesthesia despite the high levels of intravenous and volatile anaesthetic agent. Intra‐operatively, a bolus and subsequent infusion of dexmedetomidine helped achieve an adequate depth of anaesthesia. This report highlights some of the benefits of dexmedetomidine for patients who are opioid tolerant, both intra‐ and postoperatively. It also demonstrates the wide range of beneficial effects dexmedetomidine could have when used as a rescue adjunct in neuroanaesthesia.
Synthesis, structure, and anticancer studies of Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes based on (5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)‐4‐aminoantipyrine Schiff base
Authors: Hu Jing , Luo Yun , Hou Min , Qi Jia Jia , Liang Li Li , Li Wen Ge 
Published: July 2022

Two dinuclear complexes [Cu2(LO)2] and [Ni2L2Cl2(C2H5OH)2] derived from (5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)‐4‐aminoantipyrine (HL) were synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy，thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Molecular structures of the Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay against human tumor cells, such as lung carcinoma A549, lung adenocarcinoma H1975, breast carcinoma MDA‐MB‐231, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐2Z cell lines. The results showed that the Cu (II) complex had much better anticancer activity than the Ni (II) complex, especially for MDA‐MB‐231 and CNE‐2Z cells. The reason may be that they have different structures. The methyl group on the (5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)‐4‐aminoantipyrine (HL) was oxidized to the hydroxymethyl group, herein, namely LO, which is difficult to achieve in the normal chemical synthesis process. However, we did it by a solvothermal method at low temperature. It provides a new way of thinking and synthesis. The anticancer activity of the copper complex was next only to cisplatin, and the copper complex was nontoxic for the human normal cell lines. The experiment results also showed that the copper complex could inhibit tumor cell proliferation through the cell cycle and cell apoptosis.