bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic localization of target point for subthalamic nucleus‐deep brain stimulation via hierarchical attention‐UNet based MRI segmentation
Authors: Rui‐Qiang Liu , Xiao‐Dong Cai , Ren‐Zhe Tu , Cai‐Zi Li , Wei Yan , Dou‐Dou Zhang , Lin‐Xia Xiao , Wei‐Xin Si 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) is an effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, the outcome of this surgery is highly dependent on the accurate placement of the electrode in the optimal target of STN.PurposeIn this study, we aim to develop a target localization pipeline for DBS surgery, considering that the heart of this matter is to achieve the STN and red nucleus segmentation, a deep learning‐based automatic segmentation approach is proposed to tackle this issue.MethodsTo address the problems of ambiguous boundaries and variable shape of the segmentation targets, the hierarchical attention mechanism with two different attention strategies is integrated into an encoder–decoder network for mining both semantics and fine‐grained details for segmentation. The hierarchical attention mechanism is utilized to suppress irrelevant regions in magnetic resonance (MR) images while build long‐range dependency among segmentation targets. Specifically, the attention gate (AG) is integrated into low‐level features to suppress irrelevant regions in an input image while highlighting the salient features useful for segmentation. Besides, the self‐attention involved in the transformer block is integrated into high‐level features to model the global context. Ninety‐nine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were collected from 99 patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing STN‐DBS surgery, among which 80 samples were randomly selected as the training datasets for deep learning training, and ground truths (segmentation masks) were manually generated by radiologists.ResultsWe applied five‐fold cross‐validation on these data to train our model, the mean results on 19 test samples are used to conduct the comparison experiments, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard (JA), sensitivity (SEN), and HD95 of the segmentation for STN are 88.20%, 80.32%, 90.13%, and 1.14 mm, respectively, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art STN segmentation method with 2.82%, 4.52%, 2.56%, and 0.02 mm respectively. The source code and trained models of this work have been released in the URL below: https://github.com/liuruiqiang/HAUNet/tree/master.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the hierarchical attention mechanism for building global dependency on high‐level semantic features and enhancing the fine‐grained details on low‐level features, the experimental results show that our method has considerable superiority for STN and red nucleus segmentation, which can provide accurate target localization for STN‐DBS.
The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study‐3 (NEMESIS‐3): Objectives, methods and baseline characteristics of the sample
Authors: ten Have Margreet , Tuithof Marlous , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Schouten Frederiek , de Graaf Ron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesNEMESIS‐3 (Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study‐3) is a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study of the Dutch general population that replicates and expands on two previous NEMESIS‐studies conducted in 1996–1999 and 2007–2018 respectively. The main aims of NEMESIS‐3 are to provide up‐to‐date information on the prevalence, incidence, course and consequences of mental disorders, their risk indicators, and to study the relevant time trends. This paper gives an overview of the objectives and methods of NEMESIS‐3, especially of the recently completed first wave, and describes the sample characteristics.MethodsNEMESIS‐3 is based on a multistage, stratified random sampling of individuals aged 18–75 years. Face‐to‐face interviews were laptop computer‐assisted and held at the respondent's home. A slightly modified Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0 was used to assess both Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV (DSM‐IV) and DSM‐5 mental disorders. Two follow‐up waves are planned three and six years after baseline.ResultsIn the first wave, performed from November 2019 to March 2022, 6194 individuals were interviewed: 1576 respondents before and 4618 respondents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The average interview duration was 91 min and the response rate was 54.6%. The sample consisted of 50.4% women and had a mean age of 47.9 years. The sample was reasonable nationally representative, although some sociodemographic groups were somewhat underrepresented.ConclusionsDespite the COVID‐19 restrictions, we were able to build a large and comprehensive dataset of good quality, permitting us to investigate the latest trends in mental health status, various new topics related to mental health, and the extent to which the pandemic has had an effect on the population's mental health.
Changes in hedonic hunger and food reward after a similar weight loss induced by a very low‐energy diet or bariatric surgery
Authors: Aukan Marthe Isaksen , Brandsæter Ingrid Øfsti , Skårvold Silje , Finlayson Graham , Nymo Siren , Coutinho Silvia , Martins Catia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare changes in hedonic hunger and food reward in individuals with severe obesity achieving 10% to 15% weight loss with a very low‐energy diet (VLED) alone or VLED and bariatric surgery.MethodsPatients scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) initiated a VLED 2 weeks prior to surgery and continued the diet for 8 weeks postoperatively. BMI‐matched controls underwent a VLED for 10 weeks. Hedonic hunger was assessed with the Power of Food Scale, and food reward with the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, pre and post intervention.ResultsA total of 44 participants completed the study: 15 SG, 14 RYGB, and 15 controls (61%, 79% and 69% females, respectively; BMI: 40.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2; age: 43.9 ± 1.4 years). Average weight loss was 18.3 ± 0.6 kg (16%), comprising 13.5 ± 0.5 kg fat mass, with no significant differences between groups. Similar reductions in hedonic hunger were observed in all groups. Overall, food reward was similarly reduced in SG and RYGB groups, whereas controls showed little or no change.ConclusionsIndependent of modality, weight loss seems to reduce hedonic hunger, but bariatric surgery leads to several additional favorable changes in food reward and preferences.
Understanding farmers' reasons behind mitigation decisions is key in supporting their coexistence with wildlife
Authors: Vogel Susanne Marieke , Songhurst Anna Catherine , McCulloch Graham , Stronza Amanda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Coexistence between wildlife and farmers can be challenging and can endanger the lives of both, prompting the provisioning of mitigation methods by governments and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). However, provision of materials, demonstration of the effectiveness of methods or willingness to uptake a method do not predict uptake of methods.

We used ethnographic decision models to understand how farmers' work through the decisions of uptake or non‐uptake of methods to mitigate crop consumption by elephants, and how the government and NGOs can either enable or impede the ability of farmers to protect themselves and their crops.

While farmers were motivated to use methods if they received or could afford to buy materials and they believed in the effectiveness of the methods, they still did not use them if they considered a method to be dangerous, or issues with elephants not to be severe enough, or when the supply of materials or income was not sufficient. Methods were not even considered by farmers if they lacked awareness or knowledge of the method. Government departments and NGOs enabled farmers to mitigate elephant crop consumption by providing opportunities for cash income, and providing materials and knowledge. Yet, there was disparity between the materials farmers received and methods they wished to adopt.

One‐off inputs of materials did not result in sustainable use of mitigation methods. We see an opportunity for governmental departments or NGOs to stimulate logistics (e.g. roads and retail) to increase availability of mitigation materials since this promoted farmer autonomy. We also highlight the importance of empowering farmers by facilitating within community sharing of mitigation ideas and increasing knowledge about the effectiveness of promising wildlife conscious farming, as despite promising farmer testimonies, only a few farmers used these techniques.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Carbon fiber modified by attapulgite for preparing ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene composite with enhanced thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties
Authors: Meng Zhaojie , Wang Yunxia , Liu Hao , Yan Fengyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe attapulgite nanofibers (ATP) were grafted on the surface of carbon fibers (CF) by polyetherimide (PEI) with long chain to reinforce the thermal, mechanical properties, and fretting wear resistance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene. The results showed that the surface roughness of CF modified by ATP nanofibers were highly increased. Meanwhile, the thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of the ATP‐PEI‐CF/UPE composite were significantly improved, especially the enhancement in heat distortion temperature, compressive modulus, and wear resistance. The improvement mechanisms of the corresponding properties were mainly attributed to the increase of mechanical interlocking of the matrix and the hybrid fillers, which could not only transfer the load and heat applied to the matrix to the fibers, but also impede the friction damage of the matrix during fretting wear process.
Construction of soft polyurethane cushioning composites based on integral fabric air layer: Reaching new levels in compression and cushioning behaviors
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Zang Kelei , Liu Peiyao , Wang Yan Ting , Hu Xianjin , Wang Xiaomeng , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to prepare a cushioning composite with good resilience and compressibility, the 3D fabric was perforated into a hexagonal honeycomb, high elasticity porous polyurethane foam was used as substrate, and the air layer structure was encapsulated with the packaging film. By changing the hexagonal side length and wall thickness of the honeycomb structure, the integral fabric air layer polyurethane buffer composite was prepared. The properties of the structure were studied, and its compressive capacity under different compressive strains was analyzed. The results show that the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam were improved after adding the integral fabric air layer structure. When the composite HPU‐R1L2 (polyurethane cushioning composites with 1 cm side length and 2 cm wall thickness of hexagonal honeycomb) was compressed to 75%, its compressive capacity was 8.24 times that of PU (Polyurethane foam with 2.5% bentonite). The prepared composite HPU‐R1L1 (Polyurethane cushioning composites with 1 cm side length and 1 cm wall thickness of hexagonal honeycomb) absorbed 96.7% of the energy in the dynamic impact test, indicating that the composite cushioning performance was stronger than that of polyurethane foam. The HPU composites based on the synergistic reinforcement strategy of polyurethane foam and monolithic fabric air‐layer structures are an excellent candidate in the field of commodity packaging and personal protection.
Genetic effects of Red Lettuce Leaf genes on red coloration in leaf lettuce under artificial lighting conditions
Authors: Wada Kaede C. , Inagaki Noritoshi , Sakai Hiroaki , Yamashita Hiroto , Nakai Yusuke , Fujimoto Zui , Yonemaru Jun‐ichi , Itoh Hironori 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome cultivars of lettuce accumulate anthocyanins, which act as functional food ingredients. Leaf lettuce has been known to be erratic in exhibiting red color when grown under artificial light, and there is a need for cultivars that more stably exhibit red color in artificial light cultivation. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture for red coloring in various leaf lettuce cultivars grown under artificial light. We investigated the genotype of Red Lettuce Leaf (RLL) genes in 133 leaf lettuce strains, some of which were obtained from publicly available resequencing data. By studying the allelic combination of RLL genes, we further analyzed the contribution of these genes to producing red coloring in leaf lettuce. From the quantification of phenolic compounds and corresponding transcriptome data, we revealed that gene expression level‐dependent regulation of RLL1 (bHLH) and RLL2 (MYB) is the underlying mechanism conferring high anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf lettuce under artificial light cultivation. Our data suggest that different combinations of RLL genotypes cause quantitative differences in anthocyanin accumulation among cultivars, and some genotype combinations are more effective at producing red coloration even under artificial lighting.
Structure and dynamics of livelihoods in rural India: A panel data analysis
Authors: Dey Sagarika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper uses panel data from two rounds of the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) to evaluate the trends in rural livelihoods in India during 2005–2012. Although the macrostructure of rural livelihoods did not seem to change during the period under consideration, livelihoods remained in a state of flux with about 57% of the households changing their livelihood strategy at least once between 2005 and 2012. Most of these transitions occurred from one low‐paying strategy to another. There was also an increasing trend towards marginalisation of labor which is evident from the fact that cultivation, which was the most widely pursued strategy in 2005, was relegated to the second spot while casual wage‐based labor emerged as the most dominant livelihood strategy in 2012. Household assets played a predominant role in influencing both the current choice of livelihoods and in determining livelihood transitions. Education and financial inclusion were found to be extremely potent in aiding households in moving out from low‐paying strategies, and also in preventing a downward slide along the livelihood curve. Significant variations in livelihood conditions were observed across states with households in Western and Southern India adopting more vulnerable strategies.
Impacts of seasonally frozen ground on streamflow recession in the Red River of the North Basin
Authors: Tahmasebi Nasab Mohsen , Berg Sergey S. , Comba Luca , Sellner Bryce , Epperson Carter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe projected rising temperatures due to climate change can alter the frozen ground's duration and thickness in the cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere, leading to changes in surface and subsurface contributions to streamflow. The initial step in understanding the impacts of the changing climate on the hydrologic response of the cold climate watersheds is to investigate the effects of the cold climate processes (e.g., freeze–thaw processes) on watershed response. However, complexities associated with the spatiotemporal data collection of cold climate processes have limited the capabilities of hydrologic models in simulating cold climate watershed responses. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of seasonally frozen soil on the streamflow recession in the Red River of the North Basin (RRB). To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to quantify the impacts of frozen soil on the storage‐discharge relationship of the RRB. We define a set of hypotheses to evaluate how cold climate processes influence the surface and subsurface flow paths and affect the linearity/non‐linearity of the storage‐discharge relationship in spring and summer. The results confirmed that the cold climate processes control the recession behavior of the RRB. It was found that the streamflow discharge is linearly related to the storage during spring, whereas during summer, the relationship was less linear. Statistical analyses revealed that the antecedent winter soil temperature and snowpack control the seasonal dynamics of hydrograph recession. Particularly, results indicated a more linear storage‐discharge relationship for antecedent winters characterized by colder soil temperatures and larger snowpack. These findings highlight the importance of the cold climate hydrologic processes in cold climate basins such as the RRB.
Tackling climate change under time‐poverty: Cooperatives as temporal pacers
Authors: Vermeire Jacob , Crucke Saskia , Mutesi Josephine , Vinck Annelies 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe help to unravel how smallholder farmers in agricultural cooperatives can address the consequences of climate change. Climate change‐oriented actions often pose an extra challenge to cooperative members in time‐poverty, that is, to those who have no choice but to work long hours yet remain consumption poor. Tackling climate change requires future‐oriented action toward unpredictable events, whereas time‐poverty requires people to deal with the bare necessities of the present. Through a qualitative inductive study of Rwandan smallholder farmers in agricultural cooperatives, we observe that climate change increases time‐poverty, especially for women, and that smallholder farmers are hesitant to invest their time in making climate change adaptations. We find that smallholder farmers can overcome these challenges through membership of agricultural cooperatives, which can help in pacing climate change actions.
Bulk Level Synthesis of Solid Silver Nanocatalyst: Green Mediated Approach
Authors: Rama Krishnan Raji , Rama Chandran Shine , Johnson Elizabath , Raveendrakurup Rohith , Kakkadath Hariharan Prema 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of silver nano particles has acquired more attention in terms of its applicability in various fields including medicine, environmental, electronics and energy. Owing to its exceptionally good catalytic activity, this particular study is focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in bulk scale, free from capping agents. Apart from the conventional colloidal green synthesis, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized in solid form using a cheap green medium lime fruit extract. The green mediated sol‐gel auto combustion method eliminates the use of hazardous reducing agents and tedious purification processes. The structure, morphology and purity of the synthesized material were explored through various analytical techniques. TEM studies revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with average particle size of 8 nm. The potential of the silver nanoparticle as a catalyst towards reduction of organic compounds and dye degradation was established by conducting nitrophenol reduction and methylene blue degradation as a basic reaction. The nanoparticles were found to have effectively catalysed the reduction of p‐nitrophenol and degradation of methylene blue with the aid of sodium borohydride as reducing agent. It may open up new path for the chemical free synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic property.
Property Comparison of Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides (MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2) and Their Applicability as Electrochemical Biosensors for Glucose Detection
Authors: Wang Jiameng , Chen Baohua , Zhang Wuyi , Wu Yifeng , Chen Lanlan , Wen Jia , Yan Hongyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted widespread interests owing to their attractive physical and chemical properties. In particular, they are especially attractive in the field of electrochemical biosensors. In this study, the properties of TMDs ((molybdenum sulfide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) and molybdenum telluride (MoTe2)) on the glucose sensing were explored and compared. Exfoliated MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2 nanosheets with basically the same size were fabricated through controlling the ultrasonic power. The structure and morphological characteristics of MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2 were examined through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffractometer. Electrochemical properties were analyzed through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Results showed that all the three kinds of TMDs can enhance the electroconductibility of the electrodes. When incorporated into the construction of electrochemical biosensors for glucose detection, all of the three kinds of exfoliated TMDs modified electrodes possessed achieved analytical requirements of selectivity, wide linear ranges, as well as low limits of detection and quantification. In particular, MoS2‐based biosensor generated a higher specificity and lower detection limit than that of MoSe2 and MoTe2. This is imperative to showcase the real potential of TMDs in electrochemical biosensors.
Hydrothermally Derived Hierarchical CuO Nanoflowers as an Efficient Photocatalyst and Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Naaz Farha , Sharma Akanksha , Shahazad Mohd , Ahmad Tokeer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFabrication of an efficient, economic and earth‐abundant nanocatalyst for H2 production is the centre of attraction in renewable energy technology, but it is still a massive task. In present work, we report a facile modified hydrothermal route to synthesize hierarchical CuO nanoflowers as a noble metal free, proficient photo and electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation. Electrochemical studies were performed over as‐synthesized CuO nanoflowers in both acidic and alkaline medium to record both HER and OER responses. An enhanced HER activity with an overpotential of 1.02 V at −10 mA/cm2 cathodic current density and OER activity with an onset potential at around 1.01 V, respectively, superior to the art of HER and OER bi‐catalyst. Photocatalytic H2 evolution performance exhibits the significant production of 16 mmol/g−1cat in time interval of 8 hours in the presence of Na2S/Na2SO3 sacrificial agent.
Novel Zinc Ferrite Anchored Graphene Oxide Magnetic Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes
Authors: Patar Shyamalee , Kumar Bhuyan Balin , Konwar Madhabi , Mahanta Baishali , Saikia Pranjal , Kanti Guha Ankur , Jyoti Borthakur Lakhya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA simple co‐precipitation method has been adopted for the preparation of magnetically separable graphene zinc ferrite nanocomposite for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of malachite green, fast green and eriochrome black T under visible light irradiation. The anchoring of zinc ferrite nanoparticles on graphene sheets not only inhibits the agglomeration of zinc ferrite nanoparticles but also decreases the band gap from 1.93 to 1.40 eV. The composite exhibits superior degradation efficiency in presence of hydrogen peroxide for all dyes under study. The dye degradation follows a pseudo first‐order reaction. The photocatalyst showed excellent performance even in the presence of highly concentrated inorganic salts and for a wide range of pH values. The composite retains its degradation capacity up to ten cycles. The composite described here can find potential applications for effective wastewater remediation from textile industries.