bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R&D rivalry with endogenous compatibility
Authors: Heywood John S. , Wang Zerong , Ye Guangliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA classic R&D rivalry is compared to R&D cooperation while embedded in a model of endogenous network compatibility. We show that complete incompatibility is more likely to occur with cooperative R&D. Complete incompatibility increases the advantage in R&D and profitability of the incumbent over the entrant. In our initial illustration, cooperation in network industries with endogenous compatibility generates no higher (and often lower) welfare than in non‐network industries. In our generalization, cooperation in network industries generates welfare loss for a wider range of R&D spillovers. This suggests that R&D cooperation should receive stricter policy scrutiny in network industries with endogenous compatibility.
Evolution of thermal physiology alters the projected range of threespine stickleback under climate change
Authors: Smith Sara J. , Mogensen Stephanie , Barry Tegan N. , Paccard Antoine , Jamniczky Heather A. , Barrett Rowan D. H. , Rogers Sean M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to predict range shifts but could be unreliable under climate change scenarios because they do not account for evolution. The thermal physiology of a species is a key determinant of its range and thus incorporating thermal trait evolution into SDMs might be expected to alter projected ranges. We identified a genetic basis for physiological and behavioural traits that evolve in response to temperature change in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Using these data, we created geographical range projections using a mechanistic niche area approach under two climate change scenarios. Under both scenarios, trait data were either static (“no evolution” models), allowed to evolve at observed evolutionary rates (“evolution” models) or allowed to evolve at a rate of evolution scaled by the trait variance that is explained by quantitative trait loci (QTL; “scaled evolution” models). We show that incorporating these traits and their evolution substantially altered the projected ranges for a widespread panmictic marine population, with over 7‐fold increases in area under climate change projections when traits are allowed to evolve. Evolution‐informed SDMs should improve the precision of forecasting range dynamics under climate change, and aid in their application to management and the protection of biodiversity.
Mega‐fire in redwood tanoak forest reduces bacterial and fungal richness and selects for pyrophilous taxa that are phylogenetically conserved
Authors: Enright Dylan J. , Frangioso Kerri M. , Isobe Kazuo , Rizzo David M. , Glassman Sydney I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMega‐fires of unprecedented size, intensity and socio‐economic impacts have surged globally due to climate change, fire suppression and development. Soil microbiomes are critical for post‐fire plant regeneration and nutrient cycling, yet how mega‐fires impact the soil microbiome remains unclear. We had a serendipitous opportunity to obtain pre‐ and post‐fire soils from the same sampling locations after the 2016 Soberanes mega‐fire burned with high severity throughout several of our established redwood–tanoak plots. This makes our study the first to examine microbial fire response in redwood–tanoak forests. We re‐sampled soils immediately post‐fire from two burned plots and one unburned plot to elucidate the effect of mega‐fire on soil microbiomes. We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS1 sequences to determine that bacterial and fungal richness were reduced by 38%–70% in burned plots, with richness unchanged in the unburned plot. Fire altered composition by 27% for bacteria and 24% for fungi, whereas the unburned plots experienced no change in fungal and negligible change in bacterial composition. Pyrophilous taxa that responded positively to fire were phylogenetically conserved, suggesting shared evolutionary traits. For bacteria, fire selected for increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. For fungi, fire selected for the Ascomycota classes Pezizomycetes and Eurotiomycetes and for a Basidiomycota class of heat‐resistant Geminibasidiomycete yeasts. We build from Grime's competitor–stress tolerator–ruderal (C‐S‐R) framework and its recent microbial applications to show how our results might fit into a trait‐based conceptual model to help predict generalizable microbial responses to fire.
Spatial control of cell division by GA‐OsGRF7/8 module in a leaf explaining the leaf length variation between cultivated and wild rice
Authors: Jathar Vikram , Saini Kumud , Chauhan Ashish , Rani Ruchi , Ichihashi Yasunori , Ranjan Aashish 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Cellular and genetic understanding of the rice leaf size regulation is limited, despite rice being the staple food of more than half of the global population. We investigated the mechanism controlling the rice leaf length using cultivated and wild rice accessions that remarkably differed for leaf size.

Comparative transcriptomics, gibberellic acid (GA) quantification and leaf kinematics of the contrasting accessions suggested the involvement of GA, cell cycle and growth‐regulating factors (GRFs) in the rice leaf size regulation. Zone‐specific expression analysis and VIGS established the functions of specific GRFs in the process.

The leaf length of the selected accessions was strongly correlated with GA levels. Higher GA content in wild rice accessions with longer leaves and GA‐induced increase in the leaf length via an increase in cell division confirmed a GA‐mediated regulation of division zone in rice. Downstream to GA, OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 function for controlling cell division to determine the rice leaf length.

Spatial control of cell division to determine the division zone size mediated by GA and downstream OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 explains the leaf length differences between the cultivated and wild rice. This mechanism to control the rice leaf length might have contributed to optimizing leaf size during domestication.
SHED‐derived exosomes improve the repair capacity and osteogenesis potential of hPDLCs
Authors: Wang Menghong , Li Jie , Ye Yanyan , Chen Duanjing , Song Jinlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveExosomes secreted by stem cells are recognized as a critical component in tissue regeneration during stem cell‐based therapy. Considering the limited sources and bone regeneration efficiency of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), we explored whether exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED‐exo) could improve the pluripotency and regenerative potential of hPDLCs.Methods and MaterialsIn hPDLCs, cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation were detected after cells were exposed to SHED‐exo (SHED‐exo group), blank (control group), or control supernatant without exo (Csup group), via CCK‐8, scratch analysis, flow cytometric, real‐time PCR, and so on. Exosomes sequencing was performed to compare and analyze miRNAs contented in SHED‐exo and hPDLC‐exo.ResultsAs compared to control or Csup, SHED‐exo significantly increased migration, apoptosis, and proliferation, promoted cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase in hPDLCs, and enhanced Runx2 expression and mineralization. In addition, it may be explained by the significant differences in miRNA contented in SHED‐exo and hPDLC‐exo.ConclusionExosomes from SHED can improve cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, which highlights the therapeutic value of this bioactive component in the regeneration of periodontal tissues using hPDLCs in clinical practice.
Outcome and success rate of dental autotransplantation: A long‐term evaluation of 144 teeth
Authors: Pinheiro Tiago Novaes , Leite Milena Gomes Melo , Consolaro Alberto , Taveira Luis Antonio de Assis , Intra João Batista Gagno , Roldi Armelindo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate a sample consisting of 144 autotransplanted teeth performed in 128 patients, which were subjected to periodic follow‐up from 6 months to 23 years.Materials and methodsThe sample consists of 33 molars, 91 premolars, 4 canines and 16 incisors. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed every 6 months since the day of transplantation. In the last follow‐up visit, successful autotransplantation should present the following: absence of active inflammatory root resorption and ankylosis; crown/root ratio <1 (root size higher than crown size); radiographic evidence of additional root growth (in case of partly formed root grafts); absence of tooth mobility, periodontal disease and persistent periapical lesions after endodontic treatment. The success rate was acquired by percentage of transplanted teeth that met the criteria in relation to the total number of transplanted teeth in the sample. Statistical tests were performed as indicators of success.ResultsThe evaluation showed a 93% success rate for the completion of autotransplanted teeth. Eight teeth showed inflammatory root resorption and five teeth, ankylosis. The success rate of molars was 91% and canines was 100%. All variables presented statistical p value of <0.05, except for tooth colouration, root development, donor site and recipient site.ConclusionThese findings support that tooth autotransplantation is a reliable treatment and preferred solution for early tooth loss in children and young patients. Furthermore, it demands the professionals the correct evaluation as well as to create the necessary conditions regarding the site receptor, tooth to be transplanted, quality of the surgical procedure, aesthetic complement and periodic control of each case.
Implementing a post‐traumatic stress disorder screening for first responders in rural area
Authors: Leung Tak Yee , Shen Qiuhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health problem especially among first responders who are routinely exposed to traumatic events. First responders in rural areas are faced with additional stressors. The purpose of this quality improvement program was to implement PTSD screening for first responders at a primary care concierge clinic.DesignImplementation of PTSD screening program among first responders was conducted from October to December 2020, using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 with Life Events Checklist for DSM‐5 and Criterion A (PCL‐5 with LEC‐5 and Criterion A).SampleFirst responders who visited the clinic during program implementation period.OutcomesNumbers of PTSD screening, positive screening, positive PTSD symptoms, and referral.ResultsThirty‐four first responders completed the PTSD screening. 23.5% (n = 8) of first responders were screened positive. Almost 80% of first responders reported experiencing at least one PSTD symptom (n = 27). Six of the eight screened positive first responders (75%) received a referral.ConclusionThe standardized PTSD screening protocol utilizing PCL‐5 was effective to identify first responders with PTSD. It can be integrated into the workflow of a primary care concierge clinic and help improving PTSD assessment in first responders and initiated referrals.
Experiences of stress among West Africa‐born immigrant women with hypertension in Washington DC area
Authors: Ude Assumpta Onyinye 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report a study that explored hypertension (HTN) stress and coping experiences of West‐Africa‐born immigrant (WABI) women in Washington DC Metropolitan area of the United States.Design and sampleThis qualitative study conducted from December 2017 to May 2018 involved WABI women (n = 15) in Washington Metropolitan area that self‐reported diagnosis of HTN. The transactional model of stress and coping (TMSC) provided the conceptual framework. Data collection was through semi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews. Data analysis was done through manual open‐hand coding of themes.ResultsThree themes emerged from the analysis: Perceived Stressors, Sources of Stress, and Coping Measures. Participants perceived that their HTN diagnosis contributed to their stress; reported other financial, school, work, trauma, household and marriage‐related stressors, and coping measures that include faith‐based and other recreational leisure activities.ConclusionParticipants mentioned stressors related to lack of support with domestic house chores and described various religious practices as coping strategies. These findings provide additional insights relevant to several ongoing public health nursing conversations on acute and chronic stress management in different parts of the globe. Public health nurses need to utilize these findings when assessing stressors and considering safe coping measures that appeal to WABI women experiencing HTN or chronic illness.
The perceived threat of COVID‐19 and its impact on hygienic precautionary behaviors: A multi‐countries study
Authors: Alzaatreh Mohammad Yousef , Al‐Maraira Obay A. , Khrais Huthaifah , Alsadi Mohammad Rafe , AbuKmail Hanan , Bottcher Bettina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective(s)To explore the perceived threats of COVID‐19 and how it changed the personal hygienic precautionary behaviors across multiple countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive design was used to survey the four targeted MENA countries: Jordan, Palestinian territories, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.SampleA nonprobability convenience sampling design was utilized. The link to the survey questionnaire was distributed through social media groups within Facebook® and Twitter®. The groups are known and accessible by known across the general population at the targeted countries.MeasurementData was collected using The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and an adapted instrument that examine the hygienic precautionary behaviors during COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsAnswers of participants (n = 2604) were valid and included in the study. The results show that a minimal perception of threat among the participants on most of the BIP‐Q5 items (M = 12.9, SD = 7.2). Moreover, the highest compliance rates to recommended hygienic precautionary behaviors were found among populations above the age of 50 years (F = 2.89, p = .04), females (t = 5.18, p = .003), being married (F = 3.09, p = .029), and being a health care professional (t = ‐2.20, p = .028).ConclusionThe perceived threat of COVID‐19 and compliance rates with the recommended hygienic precautionary behaviors among Arab societies were found to below and need critically urgent attention.
Pediatric tuberculosis in India: Justice and human rights
Authors: Mannebach Kinsey , Dressel Anne , Eason Leighann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infectious disease across the world, with the greatest burden occurring in India. Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to adverse effects from infection, and they tend to have diminished ability to protect themselves. Malnutrition, HIV, and other causes of immune suppression such as exposure to air pollution make one more prone to serious illness or death from TB infection. Risk factors are influenced by maternal education, access to health care, poverty, nutrition, healthcare stigma, and sanitation, among others. Current literature is heavily clinical, lacking focus on upstream factors, with a skew toward secondary and tertiary prevention strategies (i.e., case finding and treatment), and less emphasis on primary prevention (e.g., wealth equity and environmental regulation). Given concerns with extremely drug resistant TB and because infectious diseases can permeate National borders, public health nurses, and other healthcare professionals must educate themselves and advocate on behalf of vulnerable populations such as children in India. Improved sanitation, air quality monitoring, women's education, and increased access to health care are cost‐effective and evidence‐based strategies to address pediatric TB in India, a challenge which is grounded in human rights and justice.
Altered insulin, leptin and ghrelin hormone levels and atypical estrous cycle lengths in two highly fertile mouse lines
Authors: Calanni‐Pileri Michela , Weitzel Joachim M. , Langhammer Martina , Wytrwat Erika , Michaelis Marten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMouse models of decreased fertility mainly support scientific knowledge in the field of reproductive biology. In this study, we changed the perspective, using Dummerstorf high‐fertility mouse lines FL1 and FL2 selected for increased reproductive performances that doubled the amount of ovulated oocytes per cycle and the number of offspring per litter compared to an unselected control line (founder population, FZTDU, ctrl). After recent observations, both fertility lines seem to show a lower pregnancy rate compared to ctrl together with an atypical reproductive cycle. We analysed the estrous cycle of those mice, but also plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, leptin and ghrelin that, when irregular, may have an impact on the reproductive cycle length by modifying the GnRH release. We included females of another independent line (DU6P), selected from the same founder population but independently of fertility traits, as an additional model of decreased pregnancy rate. We aim to evaluate if do they use a similar mechanism associated in the regulation of the estrous cycle or implicated in altered pregnancy mechanism compared to control, because they show a similar situation as FL2 line does, even without an increase in fertility parameters. We speculate that FLs’ estrous cycle undergoes changes during the selection period and aim to demonstrate that some hormonal dysfunctions link with altered reproductive cycle, dampened pregnancy rates and reduced first delivery rates mostly in FL2, but also with higher‐fertility phenotype rather than lower in both FLs.
Amoxicillin does not affect the development of cow’s milk allergy in a Brown Norway rat model
Authors: Locke Arielle Vallée , Larsen Jeppe Madura , Graversen Katrine Bækby , Licht Tine Rask , Bahl Martin Iain , Bøgh Katrine Lindholm 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of antibiotics as well as changes in the gut microbiota have been linked to development of food allergy in childhood. It remains unknown whether administration of a single clinically relevant antibiotic directly promotes food allergy development when administrated during the sensitisation phase in an experimental animal model. We investigated whether the antibiotic amoxicillin affected gut microbiota composition, development of cow's milk allergy (CMA) and frequencies of allergic effector cells and regulatory T cells in the intestine. Brown Norway rats were given daily oral gavages of amoxicillin for six weeks and whey protein concentrate (WPC) with or without cholera toxin three times per week for the last five weeks. Microbiota composition in faeces and small intestine was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The development of CMA was assessed by WPC‐specific IgE in serum, ear swelling response to WPC and body hypothermia following oral gavage of WPC. Allergic effector cells were analysed by histology, and frequencies of regulatory and activated T cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Amoxicillin administration reduced faecal microbiota diversity, reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Despite these effects, amoxicillin did not affect the development of CMA, nor the frequencies of allergic effector cells or regulatory T cells. Thus, amoxicillin does not carry a direct risk for food allergy development when administrated in an experimental model of allergic sensitisation to WPC via the gut. This finding suggests that confounding factors may better explain the epidemiological link between antibiotic use and food allergy.
Spanish validation of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) in preschool and elementary children: Relationship with emotion knowledge
Authors: Lucas‐Molina Beatriz , Giménez‐Dasí Marta , Quintanilla Laura , Gorriz‐Plumed Ana Belén , Giménez‐García Cristina , Sarmento‐Henrique Renata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmotion Regulation is one of the most widely studied variables in child development. However, it is a complex construct, and there are few validated instruments to evaluate children. The main goal of this study was to test the factorial structure of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) in two samples of Spanish children, one with 284 preschool children (48.3% girls; M = 4.38) and the other with 323 elementary school children (49.2% girls; M = 8.82). The ERC was completed by the children's teachers. Although this instrument has been validated in different cultural contexts, no studies have analyzed its psychometric properties in Spanish samples. An examination of the internal structure, using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), revealed that the original two‐factor model (Emotion Regulation and Lability/Negativity) fitted the elementary school children's data well; however, in the sample of preschool children, the factorial model showed poor goodness‐of‐fit indices. The reliability of the ERC subscales was .77 for ER and .88 for L/N in the preschool‐aged sample, and .80 for ER and .77 for L/N in the sample of elementary school children. In addition, the relationship between the ERC and the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) was explored. L/N correlated negatively and significantly with TEC in the sample of elementary school children. These findings provide some support for the use of the Spanish teachers’ version of the ERC with elementary school children.
EXPLAINING EVIL IN THE BIOSPHERE: ASSESSING SOME EVOLUTIONARY THEODICIES FOR MUSLIM THEISTS
Authors: Chowdhury Safaruk Zaman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe problem of evil is one of the most difficult and protracted problems for the trio of Abrahamic faiths that uphold the classical conception of an “omni‐competent God”—omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent. In its standard formulation in the literature, the existence or character of God is brought into direct contention with the existence of evil. One subset of this problem, reinvigorated by recent discussions within the intersection between the philosophy of religion and philosophy of science, is the evolutionary problem of evil or the “Darwinian problem of evil.” This article analyzes this subset of the evolutionary problem of evil hitherto unexplored in any depth within contemporary Islamic theology and proposes some possible evolutionary theodicies that Muslim theists can utilize based on core doctrines and other precepts of the Qur’ān as well as ideas developed within contemporary evolutionary theism and environmental ethics. In this way, the article offers a contribution to the currently small but growing body of theodicy literature within contemporary Islamic ethics and environmentalism.