bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying prodromal biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using magnetoencephalography
Authors: Jefsen O. , Dietz M. , Friston K. , Mors O. , Shtyrov Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental illnesses with large overlapping heritability. Both disorders are associated with altered neurophysiological responses, as measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalography (EEG), particularly reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) and 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSR). These deficits could potentially both serve as early markers of illness and provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology as endophenotypes. First-degree relatives to patients with SZ and BD also show some neurophysiological deficits, however whether these deficits can be detected in adolescent offspring of patients is undetermined.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate whether adolescents at familial high risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show aberrant MMN and ASSR compared to population-based controls.MethodsWe will investigate MMN and 40 Hz ASSR in 15 year old adolescents (n ≈ 175) born to parents diagnosed with either SZ (FHR-SZ), BD (FHR-BD), or neither SZ or BD (population-based controls, PBC) using MEG. We will first perform sensor-level analyses and subsequently apply dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate effective connectivity and make inferences about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We will investigate whether current psychopathology, cognitive status, and genetic risk for SZ and BD predict neurophysiological responses in the adolescents. Investigations are part of The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA (VIA15), a population-based longitudinal cohort study integrating social, psychological and biological risk factors and outcomes for SZ and BD.ResultsFinal results are expected in 2024ConclusionsThe VIA15 study will allow for unprecedented insight into the neurobiological development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Assessing response, remission and treatment resistance in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with and without Tic Disorders: results from a multicenter study
Authors: Conti D. , Girone N. , Benatti B. , Gambini O. , Albert U. , Maina G. , Amore M. , Porta M. , Dell’Osso B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Tic Disorder (TD) are two highly disabling, comorbid and difficult-to-treat conditions. DSM-5 acknowledged a new “tic-related” specifier for OCD, i.e., Obsessive-Compulsive Tic-related Disorder (OCTD), which may show poor treatment response.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate rates and clinical correlates of response, remission and resistance to treatment in a large multicentre sample of OCD patients with versus without tics.Methods398 patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of OCD with and without comorbid TD was assessed from ten psychiatric departments across Italy. Treatment response profiles in the whole sample were analysed comparing the rates of response, remission and treatment-resistance as well as related clinical features. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to highlight possible treatment response related factors.ResultsLater ages of onset of TD and OCD were found in the remission group. Moreover, significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, TD, and lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts were associated to the treatment-resistant group, with larger degrees of perceived worsened quality of life and family involvement.ConclusionsWhile remission was related to later ages of OCD and TD onset, specific clinical factors, such as early onset and presence of psychiatric comorbidities and concomitant TD, predicted a worse treatment response, with a significant impairment in quality of life for both patients and their caregivers. These findings suggest a worse profile of treatment response for patients with OCTD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Adjunctive therapeutic strategies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder resistant to serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a literature review
Authors: Regueira P. , Hall S. , Cerejeira J. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common mental disorder and a major cause of disability worldwide. Typically, it has a chronic course, marked by recurrent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Its pharmacological first line of treatment has been well established for several years now, with the Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs). However, about half of the patients are resistant to this approach, representing a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Evidence suggests that other medications can augment SRIs, enhancing its effects and achieving a bigger efficacy in these patients’ treatment. Also, there is an increasing interest in neurosurgical interventions in these patients.ObjectivesThe main goal of this work was to assess the clinical efficacy of adjunctive therapeutic strategies in patients with OCD resistant to SRIs.MethodsA literature review was conducted searching PubMed and ScienceDirect databases from the 1st of January 2000 to the 1st of September 2021 to identify clinical trials comparing an active drug/neurosurgical intervention with placebo as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy in SRI-resistant
OCD.ResultsSixteen studies were selected for data extraction, including a total of 585 patients. Risperidone, aripiprazole, N-acetylcysteine, lamotrigine, pindolol, riluzole, memantine and methylphenidate were efficacious for augmenting SRIs in OCD. Ablative surgery (ABL) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) were equal effective in the treatment of refractory OCD.ConclusionsSeveral therapeutic options presented as potentially effective in OCD when it is resistant to SRIs, although this is still an area for further research.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Augmentation strategy fluoxetine and lurasidone in the treatment of OCD with comorbid Restrictive Anorexia: a case report
Authors: Orsolini L. , Bellagamba S. , Tempia Valenta S. , Salvi V. , Volpe U. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of intrusive thought (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviour (compulsions). First-choice psychopharmacological treatment is based on serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). However, about half of OCD do not or partially respond to SRIs (TR-OCD) and need an augmentation strategy with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs).ObjectivesWe report a case of severe OCD with comorbid anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-r) treated with fluoxetine (up to 40 mg daily) and lurasidone (37 mg daily bedtime) augmentation.Methods

At baseline and monthly 4-months-follow-up were administered Y-BOCS-II (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale), CGI-S (Clinical Global Impression-Severity), SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90 items) and EDI-3 (Eating Disorder Inventory-3).ResultsCompared to the baseline, a clinically significant clinical response was observed on OC at Y-BOCS-II (≥35% Y-BOCS reduction) and eating symptomatology at EDI-3 after 1 month of augmentation treatment, while a full remission after 3 months (Y-BOCS scoring ≤ 14)(p<0.01). We also noticed, throughout clinical follow up interviews, improvement in patient’s social skills and life satisfaction.ConclusionsFurther longitudinal and real-world effectiveness studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and investigate the potential of lurasidone augmentation strategy in attenuating OC symptomatology in TR-OCD and whereas a comorbid AN-r is present.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Autism spectrum disorder in older adults: The case study of a 65-year-old man
Authors: Menstell J. , Altunoz U. , Ziegenbein M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized with ritualized behavior, difficulties in communication/ social interaction, restricted interests, and sensitivity to external stimuli. The ASD has gained attention in recent years, however it’s still difficult in geropsychiatric setting to identify high-functioning ASD, especially when patients’ coping mechanisms are successful. Not to determine high-functioning ASD structure in older age can lead to wrong diagnosis and inappropriate treatment trials.ObjectivesThe aim of this presentation is to emphasize the importance of the evaluation of ASD-structure in old-age-psychiatry through the case study of a 65-years-old
man.MethodsOne case report from the inpatient unit of a psychiatric clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany will be presented.ResultsCase: The patient was referred to our acute-psychiatric-ward due to delusional thoughts, depressive symptoms and lorazepam dependency. Delusional disorder was diagnosed in the outpatient-setting since he had interpreted some external stimuli in an eccentric way. During the therapeutic process, some features of high-functioning ASD such as social difficulties, dislike of change and repetitive/restrictive habits were prominent. Developmental history of the patient and the Autism-Spectrum-Quotient-50 also supported the clinical diagnosis of the ASD. Delusional disorder was excluded, and the therapy organized according to the structure characteristics of the high-functioning ASD which yielded to significant amelioration of depressive symptoms and increased perceived life quality of the patient.ConclusionsAlthough coping mechanisms of the patients can be successful, identifying high-functioning ASD-structure even in an old-age can be quite helpful in diagnostic/therapeutic processes. An elaborate discussion of the subject through contemporary literature will be presented.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Evidences of neurodegenerative processes in patients with late-onset schizophrenia and cognitive impairment
Authors: Pochueva V. , Savina M. , Sheshenin V. , Cherkasov N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe large proportion of patients with late-onset schizophrenia (LoS) has cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that this group of patients could have more risk factors associated with neurodegeneration.ObjectivesThe aimed to compare various clinical and risk factors in LoS patients with low and relatively preserved cognitive status.Methods28 LoS patients (ICD-11) with duration of disease less than 10 years from a cohort of patients with late onset psychosis underwent clinical assessment (PANSS, HDRS-17), cognitive examination (MMSE, MoCA, FAB, verbal and symbolic memory, trail making test (part A, B)), structured interviewing on risk factors and CT. Hierarchical cluster analysis of cognitive test results was applied. Nonparametric statistic was used to compare control group (24 subjects with signs of psychosis or depression, age 58,1±10,8, 50% females) and patient`s groups.ResultsPatients were divided on two clusters: Cluster 1 with lower cognitive functions (n=20, age 62,2, 94% of females) and Cluster 2 with preserved cognitive functions (n=8, age 56,8, 100% of females). Patients of Cluster 1 were older, had more negative symptoms, higher atrophy scores, higher rate of leukoaraiosis on CT and more history of mild brain injury than patients of Cluster 2 and controls. There was no group differences in age of manifestation, other PANSS scores, rates of social phobia and number of habitual anxiety reactions between clinical groups.ConclusionsLoS patients with cognitive deficiency had more factors associated with neurodegeneration, in particular history of mild brain injury.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
De-prescribing strategy in a case of Delirium in the elderly
Authors: Díez Valle B. , Coucheiro Limeres P. , Roldán Larreta J. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Iatrogenic factors, such as polypharmacy and prescription cascade, are some of the main causes of delirium in the elderly. We present a case of delirium of months of evolution that improved after applying a pharmacological de-prescription strategy.ObjectivesTo report a case and review the available literature on the concepts of prescription cascade and de-prescription in delirium in the elderly.MethodsA 92-year-old woman with a history of cerebrovascular accidents and no psychiatric history or dementia was admitted to a psychogeriatric clinic due to disorientation, delusions of harm and gait apraxia. Several months earlier she had required admission to the general hospital for agitation. In view of the suspicion of delirium, an exhaustive examination and complementary tests were performed, including a neuropsychological assessment and a brain scan (Image 1).ResultsThe patient had previously received multiple high-dose psychotropic drugs (Gabapentin, trazodone, Zolpidem, Quetiapine), which had reduced the agitation but had not resolved the problem. Organic causes were treated in a multidisciplinary team (pressure ulcers), together with a gradual tapering of medication. Although underlying vascular dementia was diagnosed, the patient’s gait and cognitive status improved, with a significant impact on her autonomy and quality of life.ConclusionsDespite an extensive literature on the subject, delirium in the elderly remains an under-diagnosed medical condition, especially the hypoactive subtype, just as cascade prescribing remains common. It is important to raise awareness among specialists in training to prevent and diagnose it.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The specific of development tasks in old age
Authors: Konovalova A. , Maslova K. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe presentation considers the peculiarities of late adulthood, different views on the periodization of older ages (World health organization, I. Burnside, H.S. Pryazhnikov).ObjectivesThe research is aimed at studying the peculiarities of late adulthood.MethodsThe method of work is a bibliographic analysis.ResultsReveals the structure of psychological age (concept by L.S.Vygotsky), the specificity of the development in late adulthood and features of the social situation of development. Reveals modern ideas of ageing as a process not only of involution and loss, but also a process of continued development. The greatest attention is paid to the peculiarities of development tasks at older ages and the difficulties faced by older people trying to cope with them. There are the brief overview of the positions of C.G.Jung, A.Adler, E.Erikson, R.Peck, G.M.Bryugman, A.G.Liders, N.S.Pryazhnikov, E.E.Sapogova, I.V.Shapovalenko, V.I.Slobodchikov, G.A.Zuckerman, etc. regarding the development tasks in late adulthood. The comparison of the development tasks of early and late age periods by G.M. Bryugman, which shows that the tasks of aging worse defined, at least sequentially ordered, and the results of solution of development tasks is less predictable than in earlier ages.ConclusionsWe can say that in old age is important not only the task of adjusting to different changes of pace of life, quality of life, social circle, etc., and overcome the negative aspects of aging but also issues of self-development. As the primary development task in late adulthood is considered an achievement of his own integrity and finding the meaning of life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Homebased screening for cognitive impairment due to dementia
Authors: Hansen T. , Waldorff F. , Andersen K. , Stenager E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDementia develops slowly and insidiously and causes cognitive impairment. The diagnosis is pivotal for relevant treatment and care. However, 50,000 people are estimated to have undiagnosed dementia in Denmark, while 36,000 are diagnosed.The municipalities offers a home visit to the population at the ages of 75 and 80 years to assess the need of care and prevent sickness. These home visits are well established and might offer an unused opportunity to detect cognitive impairment and dementia.ObjectivesTo assess impaired cognition at home visits in order to initiate clinical examination for dementia.MethodsA feasibility study with the use of Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition Questionnaire (BASIC-Q) (sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.97) at home visits. It is expected to include 1000 participants without a dementia diagnosis at the ages of 75 and 80 years. Participants will be included in a period of 12 moths (in the year of 2022), in a number of municipalities.If the screening for cognitive impairment is positive, the participant is motivated for clinical examination at the general practitioner. Follow-up through registers and general practitioners.ResultsPreliminary results will be presented at the conference.ConclusionsAssessment of cognition might give an opportunity to start medication and social support early in the elderly with impaired cognition and undiagnosed dementia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A reflection on the use of Antidepressants to manage agitation in dementia
Authors: Basto M.D.R.D.R.F.D. , Santa Marinha L. , Nombora O. , Horta A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAgitated behaviors is a common neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) in dementia, defined as inappropriate verbal, vocal, or motor activity that is not thought to be caused by an unmet need. It is frequently reported as a major problem, that impairs the quality of life for the elderly themselves and for caregivers. There has been increasing interest in the use of sedative antidepressants to treat NPS due to concerns over the safety and efficacy of antipsychotics in this setting.ObjectivesWe aim to review clinical evidence of alternatives to antipsychoticst to manage agitation in dementia.MethodsWe conduct a non-systematic review of recent evidence on dementia and agitation, using PubMed/Medline database.ResultsAlthough non-pharmacological interventions are the first-line treatment for agitation, it is a legitimate target for therapeutic intervention and according to previous guidelines, antipsychotic are among the most used drugs, albeit restricted because of side-effects. A substitution strategy to avoid antipsychotic prescription was highly considered, however there is limited evidence to support the use of antidepressants as a safe and effective alternative for agitation in dementia. Studies compare Mirtazapine, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Trazodone and a reduced benefit in mortality is observed. However, citalopram was more effective were more likely outpatients for moderately agitation and Mirtazapine reveals being potentially harmful, in different studies.ConclusionsMoving forward, a greater understanding of NPS neurobiology, will help to clarify the efficacy of Antedepressants for the treatment of agitation in dementia. Benefits an also the patient and caregiver preference should be kept in mind.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Oncologists’ beliefs about people with psychotic disorders : a qualitative study
Authors: Le Glaz A. , Lemey C. , Walter M. , Lemogne C. , Flahault C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCancer is the second major cause of death among people with psychotic disorders. With the same incidence, mortality in these patients remains higher than in the general population. As stigma has been identified as a risk factor for excess mortality, we focused on oncologists’ beliefs and attitudes towards people with psychotic disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to uncover physicians’ representations about the impact of psychosis on oncological care.MethodsIn this qualitative study, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 physicians working in oncology in the University Hospital of Brest (France). Transcribed interviews were thematically analyzed. This study meets the COREQ criteria.ResultsPsychosis is described as a broad-spectrum condition whose severity ranges from the “mild” patient with imperceptible abnormality to the “severe” patient with cognitive and affective deficits. Oncologists identified behavioral and emotional symptoms which may modify the patient-physician relationship with difficulties to interact. Some of them consider that these patients are not interested in their health and will not get involved in oncological care. While the psychotic disorder is not considered as a limiting factor per se, oncologists felt concerned about being stigmatizing. They mentioned different aspects (like anticipation of non-compliance or inability to get help) that lead to changes in conventional treatment regimens and may result in a loss of opportunity.ConclusionsOncologists’ beliefs may lead to stigmatizing attitudes towards people with psychotic disorders who may not be given the best possible chances. Thus, these specific elements should be the basis for collaboration between psychiatrists and oncologists.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Relationship between chronic pain syndrome and anxiety disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chernus N. , Gorenkov R. , Sivkov S. , Sivkov A. , Savina T. , Serdakova A. , Zolotovickaja A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionChronic pain syndrome is still one of the leading complaints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ObjectivesStudy the relationship between chronic pain syndrome of different duration and the level of anxiety disorders.MethodsClinical and psychophysiological examination of 76 patients with RA was carried out, the average age was 42.4 ± 7.2 years. The severity of pain syndrome was determined on the VAS scale, the level of anxiety by the Spielberger-Hanin techniqueResultsAnalysis of pain syndrome according to YOUR revealed higher rates (p < 0, () 1) in patients with shorter periods of disease: up to 12 months and more than 12 months: 66.0 ± 1.5 mm and 61.9 ± 1.5 mm, respectively, than in patients with a longer period of war - more than 3 years (53.7 ± 1.0 mm). Psychophysiological examination of RA patients revealed anxiety spectrum disorders in 53 (69.7%) patients. The severity of anxiety disorders was different depending on the duration of the chronic pain syndrome: the highest indicators of reactive anxiety were detected in patients with a length of pain syndrome of up to 12 months: 45.7 ± 0.6 points, in patients with a disease period of more than 12 months - 42.4 ± 0.5 points, and in patients with a disease period of more than 3 years 37.6 + 0.5 points.ConclusionsThus, a direct correlation between the degree of pain severity and the level of anxiety disorders is revealed, which is desirable to consider when selecting pathogenetic therapyDisclosureNo significant relationships.