bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-learning Service Framework Implementation for COVID-19 pandemic (Case study Informatic dept. Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang)
Authors: Hendradi Purwono , Ghani Mohd Khanapi Abd , Mohamad Siti Nurul Mahfuzah , Sasongko Dimas 
Published: November 2022

Work from home is a way to reduce the development of the coronavirus termed COVID-19. In the world of education, we have been familiar with e-learning systems where learning is done with any time, any ware, anybody, and anyplace. Nevertheless, the readiness for implementation is not relaxed because there are technical and non-technical obstacles. There are four roles in e-learning wherein the role of instructor and student's role is the core, but the readiness of infrastructure and integration between systems is a problem in itself. The consequence of Work from home is to provide resources independently at home, with cost and geographical challenges. The development of E-learning 3.0, with its U-learning concept, gives a different dimension, especially in the use of cloud service provider applications. In this paper, the E-learning Service Framework is proposed by considering the results of a review of the LearningCube modeling, Interactive Mode Architecture, and Critical Success Factors.
Pattern of blood components utilization in Hayatabd medical complex
Authors: Riaz Huma , Shah Munawwar Ali , Idrees Muhammad , Ayaz Kinza , Shah Hamidullah 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to review the blood components acquisition patterns and practices of transfusion in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: An observational cross sectional retrospective study was conducted in the blood bank of Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar, for a period of six months. The requisition forms for blood components and details of patients acquiring blood products for transfusion recorded in HMC blood bank Blood components issue register were the sources of data. The data was analyzed using software SPSS version 20. Results: In the study period of six months a total 16025 blood components were transfused with an average of 2670 units per month. whole blood was the maximum blood product transfused and followed by RCC, platelets and FFPs are least utilized blood products. Among total patients 50 % were males while 50% were females. Pediatric units utilized maximum (21.2%) units followed by Gynae/Obs. (19.1%), Medical units demanded 16.7% , Accident and Emergency (A&E) unit 14.1%, surgical units 8.8% , intensive care unit (ICU) 6.8%, Orthopedic units consumed 3.3% , cardiology 3.1%, gastroenterology 2.6 %, oncology 2.4% and endocrinology consumed 1.5 %.
Frances Willard's Peep at Finland
Authors: Salenius Sirpa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines Frances Willard's first transatlantic tour of 1868–70, which played a key role in the development of her career. Her concern for improving the situation of women matured during her travels to European capitals and as far north as Helsinki, Finland. “A Peep at Finland” is one of the few travel articles that Willard published of the tour. In that article, she recorded her impressions of Finland's cities and their inhabitants. Her writing employs common travel-writing strategies, while her descriptions reflect dominant nineteenth-century American beliefs. After her tour, Willard became a prominent figure, working locally, nationally, and internationally within various reform organizations dedicated to women's causes. Her efforts to improve the situation of women are still recognized in countries like Finland.
Karelianism in Present-Day Finland
Authors: Fingerroos Outi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the notion of Karelia as a mythical place, an idea that has been crafted in the memories of the war-time migrants of Karelia, and, through the narratives told by the migrants, in the minds of their descendants, friends, and acquaintances. Further, this mythical idea of Karelia has been manifested in a kind of Finnish nationalism.
Encounters with the Unknown: Finnish Supernatural Narratives in the Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: Hänninen Kirsi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite the trappings of a modern, secular society, people in Finland still report encounters with the supernatural—angels, ghosts, dead relatives, and the like—and those who report these encounters span a wide range of ages, educational levels, and experiences. This article examines the responses to a questionnaire concerning encounters with the supernatural.
Marriage Migration and Skills: Narratives of Latvian Women in Finland
Authors: Lulle Aija , Balode Marta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we look at “skills” and “enfolded mobilities” as intrinsically intertwined processes. By applying interdisciplinary approaches from social anthropology and human geography, we ask how migrating cultural capital is recognized and negotiated during marriage migration. Data draw on thirteen in-depth interviews collected in 2011 with highly skilled Latvian women married to Finnish men in Finland. Gender, ethnicity, migrant status, and professional skills form the inter-categorical axes of analysis. We argue that highly skilled migration is complexly embedded in multiple decision-making processes and in individual and national/regional biographies and histories. We interpret our findings through interlinked themes: the decision to move to Finland, the opportunities for work, the feelings and emotions associated with the integration process, the importance of language skills, names as ethnic signifiers, and prospects for future mobilities.
The Perils of Highly Skilled Mobility: Welfare, Risk, and Temporary Migration from the Nordic Region to India
Authors: Foulkes Nicol 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
European welfare states were founded on the assumption that citizens in need of welfare protection were resident within the national territorial boundaries. Nowadays, jobs are often carried out, wholly or in part, abroad. Citizens and residents incur new social risks as their social and political rights in their home country often diminish as a result of the move. One example of this is what is referred to as international secondment—when, for instance, European firms send abroad employees from European offices to complete work assignments. Taking the example of secondment to India, this article investigates the extent to which both employees and their accompanying partners’ social rights are protected when they move outside of the European Union and the European Economic Area from their country of usual residence—in this case Denmark and Finland. This study is an analysis of how the social rights of seconded employees and their dependents, considered to be privileged migrants, are protected by the state. A key part of this analysis is the comparison of the pre-conditions for entitlement to basic social security while abroad. As well as illuminating the extent of the employees’ dependency on the company and the market for social protection, the findings indicate that temporary migrants incur new social risks (albeit to varying extents) depending on the country of origin, their labor market activity, and the conditions of the contract of employment with the sending company.
Inclusion and Exclusion of Roma in the Category of Finnish Folklore: The Collections of the Finnish Literature Society from the 1800s to the 2000s
Authors: Blomster Risto , Mikkola Kati 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we examine the Folklore Archives of the Finnish Literature Society from the point of view of material on the Roma from the mid-1800s to the 2010s. The article demonstrates that the kind of material on the Roma that has been incorporated into the archives during various periods is indicative of not only changing interests in the study of folklore but also of the inclusions and exclusions carried out in the building of the Finnish nation and of the Roma's own choices in keeping secret or disclosing their traditions. The article also points to the partially random nature of the archival materials: materials that were not purposefully collected have also made their way to the archives.
“I Have Had a Feeling That Authors Take Their Responsibility Too Lightly”: Elvi Sinervo as a Working-Class Author
Authors: Torninoja-Latola Jaana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Elvi Sinervo (1912–86) was a Finnish working-class author who became prominent during the 1930s. At first, her texts were published in newspapers of the labor movement, but then her first book was released in 1937 by the publishing house Gummerus, and her career lasted until the end of the 1950s. Sinervo's worldview was socialist, and she participated in the political activity of the labor movement. For her, and for the whole group of Finnish left-wing intellectuals to which she belonged, literature was a part of the struggle for the working class and for socialism, a necessary component of any work by an author who was supposed to be in the vanguard of this struggle. They declared themselves a new power in the field of Finnish literature and a counterforce to the dominant bourgeois literary institution. This article examines how Elvi Sinervo's authorship took shape in this context and analyzes how different experiential, ideological, and social elements influenced it.
The Hidden Sigh: The End of the Avant-Garde in Olavi Paavolainen and Aaro Hellaakoski
Authors: Pulkkinen Veijo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article presents a new perspective on research in Finnish modernist literature by examining the idea of the end of the avant-garde in Olavi Paavolainen's (1903–64) and Aaro Hellaakoski's (1893–1952) views on modernism in the late 1920s. Paavolainen was one of the most prominent figures in the contemporary debate on modernism; Hellaakoski's typographically experimental poetry collection Jääpeili (Ice mirror) is considered to be a pioneer in Finnish modern poetry. In this article, the end of the avant-garde refers to the impression that the most experimental trends had already passed elsewhere in Europe. In Finland, the end of the avant-garde was, on the one hand, used as a weapon against modernists, but on the other, it also played a significant role in the understanding of the present state of art by the defenders of modernism.
Food in Constructing Transcultural Finnish American Identities in the Migrant Short Stories of Lauri Anderson
Authors: Kushnir Roman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, I analyze the position of food in constructing the transcultural identities of Finnish migrants in three collections of short stories, Heikki Heikkinen (1995), Misery Bay (2002), and Back to Misery Bay (2007), by the Finnish American writer Lauri Anderson. The American-born settlers look back at their Finnish heritage with nostalgia and use foodways to establish their versions of Finnishness. First, food serves to express the migrants' ethnic difference and sameness by separating them from Americans and uniting as Finns. Second, food is a part of the settlers' intergenerational relations when Anderson's younger-generation characters invent new culinary symbols of Finnishness and rebel against their Finnish heritage or return to it with the help of foodways. Third, the migrants express their Finnishness through their relation with nature in the form of living off the land. At the same time, the characters incorporate the traits of Finnish and American cultures within their identities, which can be addressed as transcultural.
“Sie sagen skål und Herre gud und arrivederci”: On the Multilingual Correspondence between Ellen Thesleff and Gordon Craig
Authors: Lönnroth Harry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Finnish painter Ellen Thesleff (1869 − 1954) is one of the most famous female painters in Scandinavian art history. During her stay in Florence, Italy, at the beginning of the twentieth century, she became acquainted with the British theater personality and artist (Edward) Gordon Craig (1872 − 1966). Their correspondence from the first half of the century is a part of European cultural history and art criticism; they write, among other things, about painting and graphics, literature and theater. Of linguistic importance is that the original letters preserved for posterity contain traces of many European languages: not only German, which is a central language in the correspondence, but also French, Italian, and English.
The focus of this paper is the coexistence of languages in the multilingual correspondence—about 200 dated and 60 undated letters—kept at the National Library of France in Paris. In this paper, microfilms are used instead of the original material, and the selection of letters is limited to twenty-five. The particular interest lies in Ellen Thesleff as a multiliterate, writing individual, and her choices of and switches between different languages. My study shows that Thesleff used a variety of languages when writing letters. This can, for example, be seen from the perspective of the personal nature and the communicative function of the personal letters, where the “self” of the writer is present. In a way, multilingualism has among other things an emotional function for her: one could, for instance, argue that it was used as a kind of “secret writing” or language play between Thesleff and Craig.
The Narrative of the Happy and Professional Housewife? Images and Practices Related to Housewives in Finland in the 1950s
Authors: Marander-Eklund Lena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze practices related to the duties of housewives in the context of 1950s Finland. This is done by examining narratives by women in urban, Swedish-speaking parts of Finland. In these narratives, the women talk about their duties at home during the 1950s in relation to the question of the professionalization of the role of the housewife at that time. The text focuses on three duties of the housewife: cooking, cleaning, and washing, and, additionally, to some extent, practical childrearing, as this was one of the main reasons the women stayed at home. The material for this study consists of interviews conducted in 2010 with women who have been housewives all their lives in the Swedish-speaking parts of Finland. They were all born in the 1920s and 1930s and are from urban middle-class backgrounds. In the narratives, the women challenge and reshape existing images and ideals. The material is analyzed on different levels with a focus on fixed expressions, for example, “I became a housewife,” or “You had to stay at home.” These expressions comment on the women's experiences relating to dominant cultural story models, or master narratives. The fixed expressions can be looked upon as crystallized comments reflecting master narratives about being a housewife.
Heavy Sacks, Cold Stores, and Black Marketing: Reminiscences of Female Retail Store Workers during World War II in Finland
Authors: Hytönen Kirsi-Maria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes interactions between women's experience narratives and the shared, cultural narrative of Finland in World War II (1939–45). The collective memory of World War II in Finland is based on a shared narrative of heroic sacrifice. This study questions this narrative by examining the reminiscences of retail store assistants whose work changed considerably when the war broke out in 1939. It uncovers the challenges they faced with regard to workplace fatigue, dishonesty, and black marketing. The use of oral-history methods allows the narrator to reflect and to produce a narrative of the past for today's audience. For the researcher, the materials reveal the connections of meanings and values to the time, place, and social environment. The article contributes to the growing scholarly challenge to the heroic narratives of World War II.
Prospects for searching for hydrocarbon deposits in the Paleozoic complex of the South Torgai basin
Authors: Begimbetov Olzhas B. , Kenessary Abzal Zh. , Koldey Meyrimbek , Dauletov Asylzhan B. , Urekeshev Nurzhan S. , Sharipov Zhandos K. 
Published: November 2022

Intensive development of discovered oil and gas fields since the early 90s.of the last century, mainly associated with structural traps in Jurassic-Cretaceous complex, to date has led to a reduction in proven hydrocarbon reserves in the South Torgai sedimentary basin. The prospective potential for an increase in the resource base of the studied region can be focused within the deposits of pre-Mesozoic complex.
Historically it was believed that the South Torgai sedimentary basin has a two-deck structure: a sedimentary cover of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic age and an underlying crystalline-folded basement of the Paleozoic-Proterozoic complex. The oil and gas potential of the Paleozoic complex in the region has been proven by obtaining direct signs of oil and gas in the core, oil and gas shows, up to industrial oil flows on a limited number of areas within the weathering crust zones.
Analytical studies of recent years indicate a significant heterogeneity of the Paleozoic-Proterozoic complex, where promising structures of the Upper Paleozoic quasi-platform complex, represented by carbonate rocks, may be present. This article is focused on the analysis of a new and previously unexplored potential oil and gas complex of deeper-lying Paleozoic sediments that are of interest for setting up geological exploration.
Due to the confidentiality policy, the names of wells, fields, coordinates and other detailed information are hidden. The article was formed to demonstrate the concept of the prospects of the heterogeneous Paleozoic-Proterozoic complex.
De rechtspositie van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking binnen de Wet zorg en dwang bezien vanuit artikel 12 van het VN-verdrag Handicap
Authors: Schuthof F. 
Published: November 2022

De rechtspositie van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking binnen de Wet zorg en dwang bezien vanuit artikel 12 van het VN-verdrag Handicap
In 2016 ratificeerde de Nederlandse overheid het VN-verdrag Handicap. Daarmee is het verplicht om bestaande nationale wetten te evalueren in het licht van dit verdrag. Tot op heden is weinig onderzoek gedaan naar de conformiteit van de Wet zorg en dwang (Wzd) met het VN-verdrag Handicap. Deze wet ziet toe op de rechten van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking in het geval van onvrijwillige zorg of onvrijwillige opname. Het doel van dit artikel is om de rechtspositie van deze groep krachtens de Wzd te bestuderen ten aanzien van artikel 12 van het VN-verdrag Handicap. De uitkomst van dit onderzoek laat zien dat de Wzd op verschillende manieren niet voldoet aan de normen van artikel 12. Zo wordt onder andere de handelingsbekwaamheid van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking niet altijd erkend en blijft ‘plaatsvervangende besluitvorming’ mogelijk.De Nederlandse Wet zorg en dwang (Wzd) ziet toe op de rechten van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking en mensen met een psychogeriatrische aandoening in het geval van onvrijwillige zorg of onvrijwillige opname. Dit artikel richt zich op de rechtspositie van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking binnen deze wet. De Wzd wordt geanalyseerd in het licht van artikel 12 van het Internationaal Verdrag inzake de Rechten van Personen met een Handicap (IVRPH). De uitkomst van dit onderzoek laat zien dat de Wzd in verschillende gevallen niet voldoet aan de normen van artikel 12 IVRPH. Zo wordt onder andere de handelingsbekwaamheid van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking niet altijd erkend en blijft ‘plaatsvervangende besluitvorming’ mogelijk.
Eenzijdig overheidshandelen
Authors: Vas Nunes P.C. 
Published: November 2022

Eenzijdig overheidshandelen. Het wordt tijd om overheidshandelen onder het bereik van de gelijkebehandelingswetten te brengen
Het College voor de Rechten van de Mens (CRM) acht zich, op een enkele uitzondering na, niet bevoegd ‘eenzijdig overheidshandelen’ (EOH) te toetsen aan de gelijkebehandelingswetgeving (AWGB en WGBH/CZ). Dit terwijl deze ‘EOH-doctrine’ nergens met zoveel woorden in de wetgeving wordt omschreven en onderbouwd.Gelet op de actualiteit (‘Toeslagenaffaire’) en – globaal – de aantallen oordeelverzoeken die op de EOH-grond bij het CRM strandden, lijkt hier sprake te zijn van een serieuze lacune in de discriminatiewetgeving.In het artikel staan de non-discriminatiegrond handicap en chronische ziekte (‘h/cz’), het terrein ‘goederen en diensten’ en relevante oordelen hierbij centraal.De auteur bespreekt het gegeven dat EOH niet is genoemd in de lijsten van terreinen waarop de gelijkebehandelingswetten van toepassing zijn; dat die wetten wel de toegang tot ‘goederen en diensten’ dekken, maar dat o.a. de reikwijdte van die begrippen niet precies vaststaat. De drie elementen van het begrip ‘eenzijdig overheidshandelen’ (EOH) worden ontleed, terwijl apart aandacht besteed wordt aan de categorie nalaten van een doeltreffende aanpassing door de overheid. Ook wordt ingegaan op wat onder ‘EOH-doctrine’ wordt verstaan en welke vier argumenten de wetgever daarbij – wisselend – hanteert (non-discriminatie art. 1 GW, rechtsbescherming Awb, ‘democratische legitimatie’ en ‘algemeen belang’). Geen van deze argumenten overtuigt de auteur echt, terwijl de ‘doctrine’ mogelijk ook op gespannen voet staat met het VN-verdrag Handicap. De soms onduidelijke of te ruime toepassing door het CRM kan wellicht ondervangen worden door de gelijkebehandelingswetten alsnog uit te breiden met een beperkt en/of geclausuleerd verbod op EOH.
Wederzijds vertrouwen (wantrouwen): handhaving van het EU-mededingingsrecht in de schaduw van de rechtsstaatscrisis
Authors: Borgers M. , Cseres K.J. 
Published: November 2022

Wederzijds vertrouwen (wantrouwen): handhaving van het EU-mededingingsrecht in de schaduw van de rechtsstaatscrisis
Het arrest Sped-Pro betreft een beroep tot nietigverklaring van een beschikking van de Commissie die een klacht over misbruik van een economische machtspositie door de Poolse staatsonderneming PKP Cargo heeft afgewezen. Het Gerecht heeft voor het eerst de gevolgen van structurele of fundamentele gebreken van de rechtsstaat in een lidstaat onderzocht voor de vaststelling van de meest geschikte mededingingsautoriteit om een klacht te behandelen. Hierbij verduidelijkt het Gerecht zowel de voorwaarden van taakverdeling en toewijzingsbeginselen die gelden tussen de Commissie en nationale mededingingsautoriteiten binnen het decentrale handhavingsstelsel van artikel 101 en 102 VWEU als de voorwaarden voor de beslissingsbevoegdheid van de Commissie om klachten op grond van gebrek aan Uniebelang af te wijzen.Gerecht 9 februari 2022, T-791/19, ECLI:EU:T:2022:67 (Sped-Pro)
De grenzen van het bestuurlijke sanctierecht met het privaat- en het strafrecht
Authors: van der Vorm B. 
Published: November 2022

De grenzen van het bestuurlijke sanctierecht met het privaat- en het strafrecht
In deze bijdrage zijn de grenzen van het bestuurlijke sanctierecht gezocht ten opzichte van het privaatrecht en het bestuursrecht. Het begrip ‘overtreding’ in artikel 5:1 lid 1 Awb, blijkt een cruciaal begrip te zijn. Indien er géén sprake is van een overtreding zoals bedoeld in die bepaling, kan er niet worden gehandhaafd middels de inzet van het bestuurlijke sanctierecht. De grens met het privaatrecht kan hier worden gevonden: indien voorschriften uit een privaatrechtelijke overeenkomst worden overtreden, staat het bestuursorgaan met lege handen en kan het geen gebruik maken van het bestuurlijke sanctierecht, omdat artikel 5:1 lid 1 jo. artikel 5:4 lid 1 Awb, zich hiertegen verzetten. De grens met het strafrecht kan óók worden gevonden in deze bepaling. Er zijn evenwel gedragingen die zowel een bestuurlijk beboetbaar feit als een strafbaar feit opleveren. De grens met het strafrecht wordt dan gevonden in het una via-beginsel, dat is neergelegd in artikel 5:44 lid 1 Awb.