bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitized Photooxidation of Ortho‐Prenyl Phenol: Biomimetic Dihydrobenzofuran Synthesis and Total 1O2 Quenching†
Authors: Jabeen Shakeela , Ghosh Goutam , Lapoot Lloyd , Durantini Andrés M. , Greer Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe sensitized photooxidation of ortho‐prenyl phenol is described with evidence that solvent aproticity favors the formation of a dihydrobenzofuran [2‐(prop‐1‐en‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran], a moiety commonly found in natural products. Benzene solvent increased the total quenching rate constant (kT) of singlet oxygen with prenyl phenol by ~10‐fold compared to methanol. A mechanism is proposed with preferential addition of singlet oxygen to prenyl site due to hydrogen bonding with the phenol OH group, which causes a divergence away from the singlet oxygen ‘ene’ reaction toward the dihydrobenzofuran as the major product. The reaction is a mixed photooxidized system since an epoxide arises by a type I sensitized photooxidation.
Anchoring, feelings of belonging, and the complex identities of migrant teenagers in Slovenia
Authors: Sedmak Mateja , Medarić Zorana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article addresses the processes of becoming of migrant teenagers in Slovenia, both those with first‐hand experience of migration and those with a migrant background. It draws upon a collection of 30 autobiographical stories and the application of facet methodology to their analysis. The article contributes to both theoretical and empirical understandings of migrant teenagers’ processes of becoming through the analytical concepts of anchoring, identity, and belonging; these are treated as different facets, each of which sets a different perspective on the research issue. The experiences of migrant teenagers differ from those of adults because they experience the transition to adulthood alongside their geographical displacement at one and the same time. Our analysis of the processes of anchoring, developing a sense of belonging, the (re)construction of an ethnic/cultural identity as well as transculturation and hybridization processes reveals the complexity and multidimensionality of this research issue.
Humoral response to heterologous prime‐booster vaccination in heart transplant recipients aged 18–70 years primed with a viral vector SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine
Authors: Tanner Richard , Starr Neasa , Perez‐Garcia Carlos Nicolas , Chan Grace , Dempsey Eimear , Heffernan Emma , Lynch Breda , Hannan Margaret M , Joyce Emer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients have demonstrated a blunted immune response to standard 2‐dose vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2. This study sought to determine the humoral response to heterologous booster vaccination (viral vector vaccine dose 1 and 2 + mRNA booster). Heart transplant recipients, aged 18 to 70 years of age who initially received two doses of the viral vector ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine followed by a BNT162b2 mRNA booster were recruited. A detectable antibody response in the absence of prior SARS‐CoV‐2 was the primary outcome measured. This was defined as an anti‐spike titre of ≥0.8 U/mL on the Elecsys anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S immunoassay. A total of 80 heart transplant patients (mean age 49 ± 13 years, 28% female) were included. Blood samples were drawn at a median of 30 (IQR 28‐33) days after the BNT162b2 mRNA booster. The frequency of a detectable antibody response increased from 37.5% (n = 30) after dose 2 to 56% (n = 45) post dose 3 (p < 0.001). A non‐detectable antibody response was significantly more common in recipients with a shorter time interval from transplantation (p < 0.001), lower likelihood of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (p = 0.003) and in those prescribed a triple versus dual immunosuppressant regime (p = 0.009) and a tacrolimus versus cyclosporine basedregimen (p = 0.007). Despite heterologous prime‐booster vaccination 44% of this vulnerable population ultimately continue to have no detectable antibodies.
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Cationic lignin polymers as flocculants for municipal wastewater
Authors: Moore Courtney , Gao Weijue , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this research, two lignin‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) polymers were generated and assessed for their efficiency in treating municipally produced wastewater. The removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity were 47.5% and 71.2%, respectively, for the singular flocculation system at the dosage of 40–70 mg/L. For the dual coagulation/flocculation system, the polymer with a higher charge density (AM2) achieved higher COD and turbidity removals than the polymer with a lower charge density (AM1). To achieve the same organic removal from the wastewater, the alum use could be reduced from 150 mg/L in the single alum use to 35 mg/L in the dual system when used along with 65 mg/L of AM2. In both systems, lignin‐METAC polymers exhibited better performance than the flocculant used at a local wastewater treatment plant. Lignin‐METAC polymers could be used as bio‐based flocculants for the replacement of petroleum‐based flocculants and inorganic coagulants.
Weighted Baseball Training Affects Arm Speed Without Increasing Elbow and Shoulder Joint Kinetics
Authors: O’Connell Michael E. , Lindley Kyle E. , Scheffey John O. , Caravan Alex , Marsh Joseph A. , Brady Anthony C. 
Published: August 2022

Long-term training effects of weighted ball throwing programs have been well documented. However, the mechanisms that facilitate these effects are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate within-session effects of throwing overload and underload baseballs to provide mechanistic evidence for weighted baseball training methods. Twenty-six collegiate- and professional-level baseball pitchers aged 20–30 years (mean age 23.5 [2.7] y) participated in a biomechanical evaluation while pitching a series of leather weighted baseballs. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the intrasubject effect of ball weight on a total of 15 kinematic, kinetic, and performance parameters. Ball weight significantly affected pitch velocity, maximum elbow flexion, maximum pelvis rotation velocity, maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity, maximum elbow extension velocity, and anterior trunk tilt at ball release. None of the measured arm joint kinetics were significantly affected by ball weight. Training with 3- to 7-ounce (85- to 198-g) baseballs can be used to work on increasing pitching velocity without increasing throwing arm joint kinetics.
Crushed turtle shells: Proxies for lithification and burial-depth histories
Authors: Petermann Holger , Lyson Tyler R. , Miller Ian M. , Hagadorn James W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose a new proxy that employs assemblages of fossil turtle shells to estimate the timing and depth at which fossilization and lithification occur in shallowly buried terrestrial strata. This proxy, the Turtle Compaction Index (TCI), leverages the mechanical failure properties of extant turtle shells and the material properties of sediments that encase fossil turtle shells to estimate the burial depths over which turtle shells become compacted. Because turtle shells are one of the most abundant macroscopic terrestrial fossils in late Mesozoic and younger strata, the compactional attributes of a suite of turtle shells can be paired with geochronologic and stratigraphic data to constrain burial histories of continental settings—a knowledge gap unfilled by traditional burial-depth proxies, most of which are more sensitive to deeper burial depths. Pilot TCI studies of suites of shallowly buried turtle shells from the Denver and Williston basins suggest that such assemblages are sensitive indicators of the depths (~10–500 m) at which fossils and their encasing sediment become sufficiently lithified to inhibit further shell compaction, which is when taphonomic processes correspondingly wane. This work also confirms previously hypothesized shallow Cenozoic burial histories for each of these basins. TCI from mudstone-encased turtle shells can be paired with thicknesses and ages of overlying strata to create geohistorical burial curves that indicate when such post-burial processes were active.
Developing a communication-skills training curriculum for resident-physicians to enhance patient outcomes at an academic medical centre: an ongoing mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Shahbaz Hamna , Noorali Ali Aahil , Inam Maha , Qadeer Namra , Merchant Asma Altaf Hussain , Khan Adnan Ali , Afzal Noreen , Abdul Rahim Komal , Munaf Ibrahim , Ahmad Rida , Tariq Muhammad , Haider Adil H 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionEffective physician–patient communication is directly linked to enhanced patient safety, improved healthcare quality and health outcomes. Numerous studies have been done to implement and reinforce communication skills as core competencies to be acquired during residency training for providing culturally competent care. Pakistan has an ethnically diverse culture with people from varying diasporas. Hence there is a need to develop a curriculum that teaches cultural competency to residents. Thus, the aim of this study is (1) the identification of existing problems of communication skills among residents across various specialties, and (2) to strategise a communication skills curriculum by organising a conference of experts based on the Delphi method/estimate-talk-estimate method.Methods and analysisThis study is divided into two phases. The first phase will employ a mixed-methods approach whereby the perceptions of attendings, residents, fellows, nurses, medical students and patients about resident–patient communication will be assessed via validated surveys, focused group discussions and in-depth interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed using Stata and NVivo, respectively. The second phase is the development of a communication skills curriculum for residents based on results from phase one and a Delphi consensus involving medical education experts. Both phases will be conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the Ethical Review Committee at the Aga Khan University (2021-6041-17126). All participants will be mandated to provide informed consent and their confidentiality will be maintained by using de-identifiers and limiting access of the data to the research team only. The findings from this study will be presented in the form of original research papers.
Intrathecal diamorphine for perioperative analgesia during colorectal surgery: a cross-sectional survey of current UK practice
Authors: Alderman Joseph , Sharma Amit , Patel Jaimin , Gao-Smith Fang , Morgese Ciro 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe current UK clinical practice around the use of intrathecal diamorphine as analgesia for major elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery.DesignOnline self-administered survey.SettingAcute public hospitals in the UK (National Health Service – NHS) .ParticipantsConsultant anaesthetists involved in colorectal surgery lists.Main outcome measuresRate of intrathecal opioids used by anaesthetists for elective laparoscopic colorectal procedures; minimum, most common and maximum doses of intrathecal diamorphine used, timing of administration of intrathecal injection, and relationship between the number of patients anaesthetised for laparoscopic colorectal resections per month by each anaesthetist, and the doses of intrathecal diamorphine they administer.ResultsIn total, 479 responses were received. Of these, 399 (83%) use intrathecal opioid routinely: 351/399 (88%) use diamorphine, 35 (8.8%) use morphine, 8 (2%) use fentanyl, and 7 (1.3%) use other drugs. The median intrathecal diamorphine dose most commonly administered by anaesthetists was 500 µg (IQR 400–750 [(range 200–1500])). The median of the maximum dose administered by anaesthetists was 600 µg (IQR 500–1000 [(range 200–2000])). Greater intrathecal diamorphine dosing was positively associated with higher number of cases per month (rho=0.113, pp=0.033).ConclusionsIntrathecal diamorphine is widely used by UK anaesthetists for patients undergoing major elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery. However, there is little consensus regarding optimal dosing. Therefore, high-quality randomised dose-response trials are needed to investigate the relationship between doses of intrathecal diamorphine and patient outcomes.
Which factors play a role in the decision of mothers to participate in child follow-up examinations after participation in an RCT?: a semi-quantitative study
Authors: den Harink Tamara , Hoek Annemieke , Groen Henk , Roseboom Tessa J , Deutekom Arend van 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo determine which factors contribute to the decision of mothers to participate with their child in follow-up (FU) examinations after participation in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) prior to conception.DesignA cross-sectional survey, including Likert-scale items. Comparisons will be made between respondents who participated in all FU rounds of data collection and those who did not participate in any FU round with their child.ParticipantsWomen who participated in an RCT investigating the effect of a preconception lifestyle intervention (LIFEstyle study: Netherlands Trial Register: NTR1530) were invited to participate with their child in three FU data collections when the child had a mean age of 4.2 years, 4.6 years and 6.5 years, respectively. FU rounds included a health questionnaire, physical examination and cardiac assessment, successively.ResultsSixty-seven respondents were included, of whom 7 (10%) did not participate in any FU round and 24 (36%) participated in all FU rounds. Women who participated with their child in all 3 FU data collection rounds felt more involved in the FU research (95.8%) and agreed more often that the FU was introduced well (91.7%) as compared with women that did not participate in any FU data collection round with their child (14.3% and 28.6%, respectively). Participants of FU rounds more often agreed that participation felt like a health check for their child as compared with non-participants. In addition, participants of the physical examination and cardiac assessment more often let their decision to participate depend fully on their child, as compared with non-participants (39.4% vs 17.7% and 52.5% vs 24%, respectively).ConclusionsTo increase participation rates in future FU studies of children after maternal participation in an RCT, we suggest to involve women in the design of the FU study, to emphasise possible perceived benefits of participation and to encourage women to actively involve their child in the decision of participation.
Cost analysis and cost-effectiveness of open versus laparoscopic versus robot-assisted versus transanal total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Geitenbeek Ritchie T J , Burghgraef Thijs A , Broekman Mark , Schop Bram P A , Lieverse Tom G F , Hompes Roel , Havenga Klaas , Postma Maarten , Consten Esther C J 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionNowadays, most rectal tumours are treated open or minimally invasive, using laparoscopic, robot-assisted or transanal total mesorectal excision. However, insight into the total costs of these techniques is limited. Since all three techniques are currently being performed, including cost considerations in the choice of treatment technique may significantly impact future healthcare costs. Therefore, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of evidence regarding costs in patients with rectal cancer following open, laparoscopic, robot-assisted and transanal total mesorectal excision.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted for papers between January 2000 and March 2022. Databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases will be searched. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by four reviewers and discrepancies will be resolved through discussion. The Consensus Health Economic Criteria list will be used for assessing risk of bias. Total costs of the different techniques, consisting of but not limited to, theatre, in-hospital and postoperative costs, will be the primary outcome.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required, as there is no collection of patient data at an individual level. Findings will be disseminated widely, through peer-reviewed publication and presentation at relevant national and international conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42021261125.
Heat maps of cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering among community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Wenwen , Wumaer Aishanjiang , Maimaitiwusiman Zhuoya , Liu Jinling , Xuekelati Saiyare , Wang Hongmei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe clustering of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (CRFs) increases the risk of CVD prevalence and mortality. Little is known about CRF clustering among community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of CRF clustering in this population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingXinjiang, China.ParticipantsMultilevel random sampling was used to survey individuals aged ≥60 in six regions of Xinjiang. In total, 87 000 participants volunteered, with a response rate of 96.67%; 702 participants with incomplete data were excluded and data from 86 298 participants were analysed.Outcome measuresThe prevalence of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and overweight/obesity was 9.4%, 52.1%, 16.8%, 28.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The prevalence of CRF clusters among people of different ages, regions and ethnic groups differed significantly. The 85.7% of the participants presented at least one CRFs and 55.9% of the participants presented clustering of CRFs. The proportion of CRF clusters tended to be higher in men, 60–69-year-old group, northern Xinjiang and the Kazakh population. After adjusting for age and sex, logistic regression analysis revealed that men, 60–69-year-old group, northern Xinjiang and the Kazakh population were more likely to have clustering of CRFs, compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CRFs in the older Xinjiang population is high and their clustering differs by sex, age, region and ethnicity. CRF prevention and management should be active in this population, and strategies to reduce CVD risk based on sex, age, ethnic group and region are warranted.
Optical aberrations following implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Henein Christin , Fang Clarissa E H , Bokre Desta , Khan Maaz , Adan Ahmed , Bouremel Yann , Nanavaty Mayank A 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionMultifocal intraocular lens (IOLs) are used to restore vision at different focal distances. The technology of multifocal IOLs is continually advancing. Optical aberrations a property of lenses that causes spreading of light over a region resulting in a blurred or distorted image. This study aims to systematically review investigator measured and patient reported optical aberrations following implantation of multifocal IOLs during phacoemulsification surgery to treat presbyopia in adults.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an electronic database search for randomised controlled trials, prospective non-randomised studies, observational studies in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov in March 2021. Eligibility criteria will include quantitative articles written in English and containing data on optical aberrations. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and extract data from full texts, reporting outcomes according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data extraction of key characteristics will be completed using customised forms. Methodological quality will be assessed using Cochrane Handbook 6.2.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this review, as it will only include published data. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated across ophthalmic networks. We anticipate that the findings of this work will be of interest to multiple stakeholders: people who have undergone cataract surgery, eye health professionals, ophthalmic surgeons, device manufacturers and policy-makers. It will also inform researchers to where there are gaps in evidence and identify areas for future research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021271050.
Self-rated health and perceived environmental quality in Brunei Darussalam: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arifin Evi Nurvidya , Hoon Chang-Yau , Slesman Ly , Tan Abby 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis paper examines the relationship between individuals’ perceptions of environmental quality and self-rated health (SRH) after controlling for dimensions of socioeconomic, demographic and healthy lifestyle variables.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingThe survey was conducted in Belait, an oil-rich and gas-rich district in Brunei Darussalam, from 17 October to 11 November 2019 and focused on the most populated subdistricts (Kuala Belait, Seria and Liang), where 97% of the people reside.ParticipantsA final sample of 1000 respondents aged 18 years and older were randomly selected from the population of the chosen subdistricts, with 95% CI and ±3 margin of error. Due to variable selection, only 673 respondents were available for analysis.Outcome measuresSRH was dichotomised into 1 for good health and 0 otherwise. Perceptions of environmental quality included perceptions of the natural environment (air quality, marine quality, water supply, noise and olfactory pollution) and the social environment (crime). χ2 and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between individuals’ perceived environmental quality and SRH.ResultsMost respondents perceived themselves with good SRH (72%). The adjusted logistic regression shows that perceptions of air quality (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.22, p=0.018) and marine resources (OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.74, p=0.002) in their surrounding areas were significantly associated with good SRH. However, other environmental variables were insignificantly associated with SRH. Among the control variables, healthy lifestyle and employment had positive associations with good SRH (OR=3.89, 95% CI 1.96 to 7.71, p=0.000, for exercising 3–5 times a week; OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.71, p=0.021, for being employed). In addition, frequent physical exercise compensated for the negative health impact of environmental pollution.ConclusionsThis study suggests that environmental quality has an important role in SRH. However, a healthy lifestyle measured with frequency of physical exercise seems to compensate for the adverse environmental effects on SRH.