bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrapped temporal horn syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 5 case series
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Richard Seidu A. , Zhou Jiahao , Liu Jun , Fang Zhen , Chen Zejun 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Entrapped temporal horn (ETH) syndrome is a rare form of localized noncommunicating hydrocephalus, which is often associated with the treatment of lesions around the trigone area (atrium) of the lateral ventricles. So far, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Thus, we present our experience with the causes and management of patients with ETH syndrome at our institution.

Materials and method:
We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 5 patients with ETH syndrome treated at our facility from July 2018 to August 2021. Patients’ data such as age, sex, initial disease, clinical presentation, radiologic diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were documented and analyzed.

Results:
Our patients comprise of 3 females and 2 males. Their ages ranged from 42 to 85 years, with a mean age of 62 years. Postoperative adhesions caused ETH in 3 patients while meningioma and intracranial infection cause the ETH in 2 patients, respectively. One patient was treated via craniotomy, 3 patients were treated via shunting while 1 patient was treated conservatively. The ETH resolved in 4 patients, while no resolution was attained in 1 patient.

Conclusion:
Definitive treatments via craniotomy or shunting were capable of resolving the ETHs, while conservative treatment did not result in spontaneous resolution. Unresected meningioma around the trigone of the lateral ventricle is capable of causing the ETH, contrary to the notion that, infection or postoperative adhesions are the key causes of ETH. Thus, neurosurgeons ought to be on a lookout for ETH when treating lesions around the trigone area of the lateral ventricles.
FlapMap Visual Language System for Vascular Imaging Prior to Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Ibelli Taylor J. , Sayegh Farah , Kagen Alexander C. , Henderson Peter W. 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Preoperative vascular imaging has been shown to be beneficial before free tissue transfer procedures, especially for deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction. Although computerized tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiogram are increasingly frequently performed, there is no standardized method for recording, analyzing, and communicating the vast amount of clinically relevant information that is obtained from these tomographic imaging studies. Herein, the authors propose a new visual language system for preoperative imaging called “FlapMap,” which allows for the creation of a clinically actionable, easily understood, and easily communicated single image that aids in preoperative planning before microvascular free tissue transfer.
Predictors of older adults' chronic pain in the context of opioid adverse drug events
Authors: McDonald Deborah Dillon , Walsh Stephen J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Factors predictive of chronic pain in older adults could help focus prevention and treatment efforts for those most at risk of chronic pain.

Purpose:
The objective of the study was to describe demographic and pain self-management factors predictive of chronic pain in the context of opioid adverse drug events (ADEs) reported for a cohort of older adults within the same year.

Method:
The design was a post hoc analysis of 9,095 cases aged 65 years and older from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey that reported chronic pain and 380 cases aged 65 years and older with opioid adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) during the second quarter of 2019. Logistic regression predicted chronic pain.

Results:
Less than a baccalaureate education increased the odds of chronic pain by 28.0% while lower income minimally increased the odds. Male gender increased the odds of chronic pain by 12.0%. Increased age minimally increased the odds for chronic pain. Use of opioids, other pain treatments, complementary treatments, and antidepressants were all associated with increased odds of chronic pain. FAERS opioid ADEs ranged from pruritus to death, with death identified in 16 (4.2%) cases. Misuse, abuse, or dependence was documented in 1.8% of cases.

Conclusions and Implications:
Less-educated older adults may be particularly at risk of chronic pain and should be routinely assessed and prescribed safe and efficacious pain self-management as needed. Some men may need additional support to use pain treatments.
The weaning from mechanical ventilation: a comprehensive ultrasound approach
Authors: Santangelo Erminio , Mongodi Silvia , Bouhemad Bélaid , Mojoli Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Due to heart, lung and diaphragm interactions during weaning from mechanical ventilation, an ultrasound integrated approach may be useful in the detection of dysfunctions potentially leading to weaning failure. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances concerning the ultrasound applications relevant to the weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Recent findings
The role of ultrasonographic examination of heart, lung and diaphragm has been deeply investigated over the years. Most recent findings concern the ability of lung ultrasound in detecting weaning induced pulmonary edema during spontaneous breathing trial. Furthermore, in patients at high risk of cardiac impairments, global and anterolateral lung ultrasound scores have been correlated with weaning and extubation failure, whereas echocardiographic indexes were not. For diaphragmatic ultrasound evaluation, new indexes have been proposed for the evaluation of diaphragm performance during weaning, but further studies are needed to validate these results.

Summary
The present review summarizes the potential role of ultrasonography in the weaning process. A multimodal integrated approach allows the clinician to comprehend the pathophysiological processes of weaning failure.
Temperature control after cardiac arrest: friend or foe
Authors: Nolan Jerry P. , Soar Jasmeet 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Most patients who are successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest are initially comatose and require mechanical ventilation and other organ support in an ICU. Best practice has been to cool these patients and control their temperature at a constant value in the range of 32–36 oC for at least 24 h. But the certainty of the evidence for this practice is increasingly being challenged. This review will summarize the evidence on key aspects of temperature control in comatose postcardiac arrest patients.

Recent findings
The Targeted Temperature Management 2 (TTM-2) trial documented no difference in 6-month mortality among comatose postcardiac arrest patients managed at 33 oC vs. targeted normothermia. A systematic review and meta-analysis completed by the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) concluded that temperature control with a target of 32–34 °C did not improve survival or favourable functional outcome after cardiac arrest. Two observational studies have documented an association between predicted moderate hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury and better outcome with temperature control at 33–34 oC compared with 35–36 oC.

Summary
We suggest actively preventing fever by targeting a temperature 37.5 oC or less for those patients who remain comatose following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest.
New developments in the understanding of right ventricular function in acute care
Authors: Couture Etienne J. , Grønlykke Lars , Denault André Y. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Right ventricular dysfunction has an important impact on the perioperative course of cardiac surgery patients. Recent advances in the detection and monitoring of perioperative right ventricular dysfunction will be reviewed here.

Recent findings
The incidence of right ventricular dysfunction in cardiac surgery has been associated with unfavorable outcomes. New evidence supports the use of a pulmonary artery catheter in cardiogenic shock. The possibility to directly measure right ventricular pressure by transducing the pacing port has expanded its use to track changes in right ventricular function and to detect right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The potential role of myocardial deformation imaging has been raised to detect patients at risk of postoperative complications.

Summary
Perioperative right ventricular function monitoring is based on echocardiographic and extra-cardiac flow evaluation. In addition to imaging modalities, hemodynamic evaluation using various types of pulmonary artery catheters can be achieved to track changes rapidly and quantitatively in right ventricular function perioperatively. These monitoring techniques can be applied during and after surgery to increase the detection rate of right ventricular dysfunction. All this to improve the treatment of patients presenting early signs of right ventricular dysfunction before systemic organ dysfunction ensue.
Vomiting and Gastric Motility in Early Brain Damaged Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: de Paula Georgia Lima , da Silva Giselia Alves Pontes , e Silva Eduardo Just da Costa , Lins Maria das Graças Moura , Martins Olga Sophia de Sousa , Oliveira Danielle Maria da Silva , Ferreira Eric de Santana , Antunes Margarida Maria de Castro 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
This study investigated the occurrence of vomiting and gastric dysmotility in dysphagic children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and assessed possible associations of these findings with the severity of dysphagia and the presence of tube feeding.

Methods:
Forty-six children with CZS were assessed for dysphagia, and the occurrence of vomiting, dietary volume tolerance <15 mL/kg, and feeding time per meal >30 minutes were evaluated. Gastric antrum ultrasonography was used to detect the frequency of contractions and measure antral areas (at fasting and 15 minutes postprandial), from which the gastric emptying rate (GER) was calculated. Antral ultrasonography findings were compared with those of ten healthy controls. Vomiting and gastric motility were compared between CZS patients according to the severity of dysphagia and the requirement for tube feeding.

Results:
Overall, 76% (35/46) of children with CZS had moderate-to-severe dysphagia (MSD), among whom 60% (21/35) were tube fed [MSD tube fed (MSDTF)]. Vomiting occurred in 54% (25/46) of children, whereas dietary volume intolerance and prolonged feeding time were observed in 59% (27/46) and 37% (17/46), respectively, most frequently in MSDTF patients. On ultrasound, 61% (28/46) of children with CZS had no antral contractions, whereas 90% (9/10) of controls did. Compared to healthy controls, GER was eight-fold lower in children with CZS and 60-fold lower in MSDTF children.

Conclusions:
In dysphagic children with CZS, vomiting, volume intolerance, and prolonged feeding time were frequent and possibly associated with impaired antral contraction and delayed gastric emptying, especially in cases of severe dysphagia and tube feeding.
The Use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Understand Facilitators and Barriers to Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening in Primary Care
Authors: Ahmad Fahd A. , Dickey Viani , Tetteh Emmanuel K. , Foraker Randi , McKay Virginia R. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Adolescents bear a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the sequelae of delayed treatment, yet STI screening is infrequently performed in pediatric primary care clinics with many of those at-risk not administered testing. This study aims to understand contextual factors influencing STI screening and testing among adolescents in pediatric primary care.

Methods
We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as part of a stepwise approach to facilitate a deep understanding the pediatric primary care environment. We conducted semistructured interviews of physicians, nurses, and patient-parent dyads from 4 pediatric primary care practices in the St. Louis metropolitan area about STI screening practices and common concerns regarding STI screening. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a categorical coding technique informed by the CFIR followed by a thematic coding technique.

Results
We interviewed 23 physicians/nurses and 12 patient-parent dyads. Individual-level barriers to STI screening and testing included wide variability in clinicians' practice patterns and their perception of STI risk in the patient population. Structural barriers included a lack of capacity to perform testing in clinic and time constraints during patient visits. Confidentiality issues also created significant barriers to screening and testing on both individual and structural levels. Adopting confidential methods for testing and educating providers on patients' recommendations for STI testing were discussed as ways to potentially improve STI care in pediatric patients.

Conclusions
Our use of the CFIR facilitated a systematic approach to identify gaps in STI care for adolescents and identified opportunities to close those gaps. An integrated, systematic approach that enhances patient confidentiality and improves clinicians' knowledge could address gaps in STI care in pediatric primary care settings.
Predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Kenyan women with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy
Authors: Jiang Wenwen , Ronen Keshet , Osborn Lusi , Drake Alison L. , Unger Jennifer A. , Matemo Daniel , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Kinuthia John , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to understand predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) among women on antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Design:
A longitudinal cohort

Methods:
Participants from the Mobile WAChX trial were evaluated for APOs, including stillbirth (fetal death at ≥20 weeks’ gestation), preterm birth (PTB, livebirth at <37 weeks’ gestation,) and neonatal death (NND, ≤28 days after live birth). Predictors were determined by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards and log-binomial models.

Results:
Among 774 women included, median age was 27 years and 29.0% had unsuppressed HIV viral load (>1000 copies/ml) at enrollment. Half (55.1%) started ART prepregnancy, 89.1% on tenofovir-based regimens. Women with depression had a higher risk of stillbirth (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.04–8.23), and women with lower social support score had higher risk of late stillbirth (aHR 11.74, 2.47–55.86). Among 740 livebirths, 201 (27.2%) were preterm and 22 (3.0%) experienced NND. PTB was associated with unsuppressed maternal viral load (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.02–1.61), intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy (aPR 1.94, 95% CI 1.28–2.94), and history of any sexually transmitted infection (STI) (aPR 1.63, 95% CI 1.06–2.51). NND was associated with PTB (aPR 2.53, 95% CI 1.10–5.78) and STI history (aPR 4.25, 95% CI 1.39–13.06). Most associations retained significance in the subgroup of women with viral suppression.

Conclusion:
Maternal viremia during pregnancy predicted PTB as did IPV, lower education, and STI history, while psychosocial stressors predicted stillbirth. Implementing mental health services, ART adherence, partner support, and routine STI screening and treatment could reduce APOs among women with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa settings.
The Utility of Submucosal Linear Enhancement on Dynamic Computed Tomography for Patients With Internal Hemorrhoids
Authors: Kisaki Shunsuke , Igarashi Takao , Ashida Hirokazu , Furuhashi Hiroto , Ojiri Hiroya 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of submucosal linear enhancement on dynamic computed tomography (CT) for patients with internal hemorrhoids.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients who were admitted to our institution due to acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding and underwent both dynamic CT and colonoscopy. The presence of submucosal linear enhancement of the intestinal wall from the lower rectum to the anal canal was evaluated using arterial-phase CT images. Based on these images, patients were then classified into 2 groups by 2 blinded radiologists, as follows: group A (absence of submucosal linear enhancement) and group B (presence of submucosal linear enhancement). The relationship between the groups and the risk of bleeding in internal hemorrhoids was evaluated using the size and range of internal hemorrhoids measured during colonoscopy as reference standards.

Results
A total of 94 patients were reviewed; of these, 62 patients without submucosal linear enhancement were classified into group A, and 32 patients with submucosal linear enhancement were classified into group B. Group B showed a significantly greater range (P = 0.017) and size (P = 0.002) of internal hemorrhoids. The Cohen κ coefficient value for the group classifications between the 2 radiologists was 0.66.

Conclusions
Submucosal linear enhancement on arterial-phase CT images could be a predictive finding suggesting the presence of internal hemorrhoids with a high risk of bleeding.
E-cigarette use and Respiratory Symptoms in Residents of the United States: A BRFSS Report
Authors: Varella Marcia H. , Andrade Olyn A. , Shaffer Sydney M. , Castro Grettel , Rodriguez Pura , Barengo Noël C. , Acuna Juan M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeE-cigarettes are the most common type of electronic nicotine delivery system in the United States, rapidly gaining presence worldwide. E-cigarettes contain numerous toxic compounds that have been shown to induce mild to severe structural damage to the airways. The objective of this study is to assess if there is an association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adults in the US as reported in the BRFSS in an attempt to drive potential early detection and prevention of severe or permanent respiratory disease.MethodsWe analyzed data from 18,079 adults, 18-44 years, who participated at the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the year 2017. E-cigarette smoking status was categorized as current everyday user, current some days user, former smoker, and never smoker. The frequency of any respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, or shortness of breath) was compared. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe BRFSS reported prevalence of smoking e-cigarettes was 6%. About 28% of the participants reported any of the respiratory symptoms assessed. The frequency of reported respiratory symptoms was highest among current some days e-cigarette users (45%). After adjusting for selected participant’s demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral characteristics, and asthma and COPD status, the odds of reporting respiratory symptoms increased by 49% among those who use e-cigarettes some days (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.06-2.11), and by 29% among those who were former users (OR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07-1.55) compared with those who never used e-cigarettes. No statistically significant association was found for those who used e-cigarettes every day (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.96-2.08)ConclusionE-cigarettes cannot be considered safe alternatives to combustible traditional cigarettes. Cohort studies may shed more evidence on the association between e-cigarette use and specific respiratory diseases.
Investigating the use and effectiveness of lifestyle medicine approaches to tackle erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional eSurvey based study
Authors: El-Osta Austen , Kerr Gabriele , Alaa Aos , El Asmar Marie Line , Karki Manisha , Webber Iman , Sasco Eva Riboli , Blume Giordano , Beecken Wolf-D. , Mummery David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common sexual dysfunction in men. Some types of ED are amenable to treatment using lifestyle medicine approaches with or without pharmacotherapy.AimInvestigate the use and perceived effectiveness of lifestyle medicine approaches to tackle ED.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey of 1177 community dwelling adults explored the prevalence and methods used to tackle ED in the community setting. We examined differences between participants with and without ED. Variables associated with ED in univariable analyses were included in a multivariable logistic regression to identify variables independently associated with the condition.OutcomesSelf-reported measure; perceived effectiveness of lifestyle medicine interventions to tackle EDResultsMost respondents (76.5%) had experienced ED, and this was associated with having a long-term condition, taking anti-hypertensive medication, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity. Medication was the most common management strategy overall (65.9%), followed by stress management (43.5%) and weight loss (40.4%). Over half (53.9%) did not use any lifestyle modification strategies to tackle ED. Only 7.0% of ED sufferers received a mental health assessment and 29.2% received other tests (e.g., blood test, medical imaging) by GPs. Cardiovascular training was identified as the best rated strategy by its users (37.8%). Supplements (35.1%) and weight training/physical activity (32.6%) were also positively rated.Clinical implicationsStructured education to general practitioners and community dwelling adults about the impact of lifestyle behaviour modification and how this could influence the appearance or trajectory of ED could help improve personal choice when tackling ED.Strengths and LimitationsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to collect eSurvey responses from community dwelling adults to gauge their reliance and perceived effectiveness of lifestyle medicine approaches to tackle ED. The principal limitation was the lack of follow-up, and not recording other information including lifestyle factors such as nutrition, smoking, and the use of alcohol and recreational drugs, which may have enabled a fuller exploration of the factors that could influence the primary outcome measures examined.ConclusionDespite the high prevalence of ED, there is not enough awareness in the community setting about effective and low-cost lifestyle medicine strategies, including cardiovascular training and the use of supplements and weight training, to help tackle this common condition