bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the interventions on HIV case management and its association with cART adherence and disclosure of the disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment
Authors: Tegegne Awoke Seyoum , Zeru Melkamu A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rate of prevalence of HIV among adults has been increasing in sub-Saharan African countries over the last decade. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interventions on HIV case management based on cART adherence and disclosure of HIV disease status among HIV-positive adults under treatment. A retrospective cohort longitudinal data was conducted on 792 randomly selected patients in the study area. Engagement of HIV-positive persons into care and achieving treatment outcomes such as the disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence were fundamental for HIV prevention strategy. The two response variables under the current investigation were evaluation of intervention on HIV case management interims cART adherence and disclosure of HIV status. Binary logistic regression was conducted for separate models. Among the predictors, age of patients (AOR = 1.020, 95% CI (1.016, 1.191); p value = 0.005), the number of follow-up (AOR = 1.014, 95% CI (1.023, 1.030); p value < 0.0001). CD4 cell count (AOR = 0.981; 95% CI (0.765, 0.971), p value < 0.01), Marital status (AOR = 1.013; 95% CI (1.002, 1.015), p value = 0.006), female patients (AOR = 1.014; 95% CI (1.001, 1.121), p value < 0.007), rural (AOR = 0.982; 95% CI (0.665, 0.998), p value = 0.004), non-educated adult patients (AOR = 0.950, 95% CI (0.92. 0.98). p value = 0.003), Non-existence of social violence (AOR = 1.012, 95% CI (1.008, 1.234), p value < 0.01), adult with non-opportunistic diseases (AOR = 1.021, 95% CI (1.002. 1.042). p value = 0.001) significantly affected the two response variables jointly. Interventions on HIV case management lead to an efficient continuum of successful treatment outcomes like disclosure of HIV status and cART adherence. Hence, HIV case management intervention and the two results had a positive association. HIV case management intervention should be given to younger patients, rural residents, and non-educated patients to disclose the disease status and to have a long life with the virus. Health-related education should be conducted for the community in general and for patients in particular on how HIV is transferred from an infected person to an uninfected one. This helps to reduce the stigma of patients and to deliver social support to patients.
A real world analysis of COVID-19 impact on hospitalizations in older adults with chronic conditions from an Italian region
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Rognoni Magda , Ciampichini Roberta , Paroni Luca , Scala Marco , d’Oro Luca Cavalieri , Zucchi Alberto , Amerio Andrea , Iacoviello Licia , Ghislandi Simone , Odone Anna , Stuckler David , Gallus Silvano ,   Lost in Lombardia Project Investigators, Bosetti Cristina , Gallus Silvano , Jarach Carlotta Micaela , Lugo Alessandra , Stival Chiara , Amerio Andrea , Amore Mario , Serafini Gianluca , De Sena Roberto , Ghislandi Simone , Stuckler David , Wang Yuxi , Bonaccio Marialaura , Gianfagna Francesco , Iacoviello Licia , Mosconi Giansanto , Odone Anna , Signorelli Carlo , Vigezzi Giacomo , d’Oro Luca Cavalieri , Paroni Luca , Sala Marco , Rognoni Magda , Ciampichini Roberta , Zucchi Alberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHealthcare delivery reorganization during the COVID-19 emergency may have had a significant impact on access to care for older adults with chronic conditions. We investigated such impact among all adults with chronic conditions aged ≥ 65 years, identified through the electronic health databases of two local health agencies—ATS Brianza and ATS Bergamo—from the Lombardy region, Italy. We considered hospitalizations for 2020 compared to the average 2017–2019 and quantified differences using rate ratios (RRs). Overall, in 2017–2019 there were a mean of 374,855 older adults with  ≥ 1 chronic condition per year in the two ATS and 405,371 in 2020. Hospitalizations significantly decreased from 84,624 (225.8/1000) in 2017–2019 to 78,345 (193.3/1000) in 2020 (RR 0.86). Declines were reported in individuals with many chronic conditions and for most Major Diagnostic Categories, except for diseases of the respiratory system. The strongest reductions were observed in hospitalizations for individuals with active tumours, particularly for surgical ones. Hospitalization rates increased in individuals with diabetes, likely due to COVID-19-related diseases. Although determinants of the decrease in demand and supply for care among chronic older adults are to be further explored, this raises awareness on their impacts on chronic patients’ health in the medium and long run.
Genetic dissection of nitrogen induced changes in the shoot and root biomass of spinach
Authors: Joshi Vijay , Shi Ainong , Mishra Amit Kumar , Gill Haramrit , DiPiazza James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient partitioning of above and below-ground biomass in response to nitrogen (N) is critical to the productivity of plants under sub-optimal conditions. It is particularly essential in vegetable crops like spinach with shallow root systems, a short growth cycle, and poor nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore N-induced changes using spinach accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds. We evaluated phenotypic variations as percent changes in the shoot and root biomass in response to N using 201 spinach accessions grown in randomized complete blocks design in a soilless media under a controlled environment. A GWAS was performed for the percent changes in the shoot and root biomass in response to N in the 201 spinach accessions using 60,940 whole-genome resequencing generated SNPs. Three SNP markers, chr4_28292655, chr6_1531056, and chr6_37966006 on chromosomes 4 and 6, were significantly associated with %change in root weight, and two SNP markers, chr2_18480277 and chr4_47598760 on chromosomes 2 and 4, were significantly associated with % change shoot weight. The outcome of this study established a foundation for genetic studies needed to improve the partitioning of total biomass and provided a resource to identify molecular markers to enhance N uptake via marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in spinach breeding programs.
Iridoid glycoside Aucubin protects against nonylphenol-induced testicular damage in male rats via modulation of steroidogenic and apoptotic signaling
Authors: Hassan Israr UL , Ehsan Nazia , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Afsar Tayyaba , Amor Houda , Almajwal Ali , Razak Suhail 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAucubin (AU) is one of the widespread compounds belonging to the group of iridoid glycosides, which possesses numerous beneficial properties. Nonylphenol (NP), is a synthetic environmental toxicant that has the potential to cause male infertility through excessive production of reactive oxygen species. In the current study, the remedial potential of Aucubin was assessed against NP-generated testicular damage in male rats. Animals were distributed into four groups and treated for 56 days in this study. Control-group (0.1% DMSO + food), NP group (100 µg/kg), NP + AU group (100 µg/kg + 5 mg/kg) and AU group (5 mg/kg). NP exposure significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes i.e., glutathione reductase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total protein content (TPC), whereas the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was enhanced substantially (p < 0.05). Treatment with AU substantially (p < 0.05) recovered activities of antioxidant enzymes, TPC, ROS, and TBARS levels. Moreover, decrease in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), plasma testosterone, sperm count, motility, sperm membrane integrity, and the number of spermatocytes of different stages along with the level of steroidogenic enzymes i.e., 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) by NP administration were recovered to control values by AU treatment. However, AU mitigated the sperm abnormalities (head/midpiece/tail), the number of dead sperms, and proapoptotic proteins i.e., Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-9, and caspase-3 that were increased by NP. Besides, AU treatment recovered the NP-induced potential histopathological alterations in the testicular tissues such as the height of epithelium, seminiferous tubules diameter as well as the height of tunica propria. Overall, NP-induced toxicity was effectively recuperated by the AU administration. These results indicate that AU might be considered as a potential protective agent against testicular damage. The observed protection may be due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and androgenic potential.
Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 10 induces necroptosis through TNFR1 activation of RIPK3-dependent signal pathways
Authors: Jia Nan , Li Guo , Wang Xing , Cao Qing , Chen Wanbiao , Wang Chengliang , Chen Ling , Ma Xiaoling , Zhang Xuan , Tao Yue , Zang Jianye , Mo Xi , Hu Jinfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStaphylococcal aureus(S. aureus) infection can lead to a wide range of diseases such as sepsis and pneumonia. Staphylococcal superantigen-like (SSL) proteins, expressed by all knownS. aureusstrains, are shown to be involved in immune evasion duringS. aureusinfection. Here, we show that SSL10, an SSL family protein, exhibits potent cytotoxicity against human cells (HEK293T and HUVEC) by inducing necroptosis upon binding to its receptor TNFR1 on the cell membrane. After binding, two distinct signaling pathways are activated downstream of TNFR1 in a RIPK3-dependent manner, i.e., the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL and RIPK3-CaMKII-mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) pathways. Knockout ofssl10inS. aureussignificantly reduces cytotoxicity of the culture supernatants ofS. aureus, indicating that SSL10 is involved in extracellular cytotoxicity during infection. We determined the crystal structure of SSL10 at 1.9 Å resolution and identified a positively charged surface of SSL10 responsible for TNFR1 binding and cytotoxic activity. This study thus provides the description of cytotoxicity through induction of necroptosis by the SSL10 protein, and a potential target for clinical treatment ofS. aureus-associated diseases.
IL-1-dependent enteric gliosis guides intestinal inflammation and dysmotility and modulates macrophage function
Authors: Schneider Reiner , Leven Patrick , Mallesh Shilpashree , Breßer Mona , Schneider Linda , Mazzotta Elvio , Fadda Paola , Glowka Tim , Vilz Tim O. , Lingohr Philipp , Kalff Jörg C. , Christofi Fievos L. , Wehner Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMuscularis Externa Macrophages (ME-Macs) and enteric glial cells (EGCs) are closely associated cell types in the bowel wall, and important interactions are thought to occur between them during intestinal inflammation. They are involved in developing postoperative ileus (POI), an acute, surgery-induced inflammatory disorder triggered by IL-1 receptor type I (IL1R1)-signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that IL1R1-signaling in murine and human EGCs induces a reactive state, named enteric gliosis, characterized by a strong induction of distinct chemokines, cytokines, and the colony-stimulating factors 1 and 3. Ribosomal tagging revealed enteric gliosis as an early part of POI pathogenesis, and mice with an EGC-restricted IL1R1-deficiency failed to develop postoperative enteric gliosis, showed diminished immune cell infiltration, and were protected from POI. Furthermore, the IL1R1-deficiency in EGCs altered the surgery-induced glial activation state and reduced phagocytosis in macrophages, as well as their migration and accumulation around enteric ganglia. In patients, bowel surgery also induced IL-1-signaling, key molecules of enteric gliosis, and macrophage activation. Together, our data show that IL1R1-signaling triggers enteric gliosis, which results in ME-Mac activation and the development of POI. Intervention in this pathway might be a useful prophylactic strategy in preventing such motility disorders and gut inflammation.
An update of serial interval estimates for COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jusot Jean-François 
Published: August 2022

Background: Serial interval (SI) is one of the most important parameter for COVID-19 modelling purposes as it is related to the reproduction rate of the infection. The first meta-analysis of serial interval were performed with a range of uncertainty in the estimate. This meta-analysis aimed to reduce the uncertainty estimates by assessing publications over a longer period.Methods: A literature search was performed for articles published between 1st December 2019 and 15th February 2022. It retrieved 117 eligible studies containing some 80 for 90 serial interval estimates. A random effects model was used. Heterogeneity was checked. To detect a publication bias, a funnel plot was performed using an Egger’s test.Results: For alpha variant, the serial interval was estimated at 5.17 days (95% CI = 4.87 – 5.47) with a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97.1%). The meta-analysis did not exhibit evident publication bias (Egger’s test = −0.55,p = 0.58). The meta-analysis allowed for reducing uncertainty in estimating the serial interval, although subgroup analysis did not reduce it sufficiently and showed that studies using a gamma distribution of serial intervals exhibited the highest estimate of 5.6 days. Compared to the other variants of concern, alpha serial interval estimate was bigger than delta, 4.07 days, and omicron, 3.06 days.Conclusion: The meta-analysis was carried out as a real-time monitoring of this parameter to make a choice and a rapid assessment of the control measures implemented, and the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign. The meta-analysis was unable to provide a suitable estimate of serial intervals for COVID-19 modelling purposes although its uncertainty was reduced. Furthermore, serial intervals estimate for alpha variant was close to earlier reports and lower than previous publications, respectively. Another limitation is, that meta-analysis of COVID pandemic studies in principle contains and produces itself a significant source of heterogeneity.
The study of topside ionospheric irregularities during geomagnetic storms in 2015
Authors: Jimoh Oluwaseyi , Lei Jiuhou , Huang Fuqing , Zhong Jiahao 
Published: August 2022

In this study, the variations of topside ionospheric irregularities during 24 geomagnetic storms with Dst ≤ −50 nT in 2015 were examined through an algorithm specifically designed to detect a significant level of ionospheric irregularities. The algorithm was developed through the use of several parameters derived from the topside total electron content (TEC) observations from GRACE, Swarm-C, and Swarm-B. The local time characteristics of the observed equatorial plasma irregularities (EPIs) were analyzed during different phases of the storms, within 30° S–30° N magnetic latitudes. By comparing its results with corresponding in-situ electron density data and the results of previous studies, the algorithm was found to be efficient. It was observed that the detected EPIs at different stages of the storm showed local time dependence. For instance, EPIs were observed during nighttimes, but took place in the daytime occasionally during the storm main phase. Furthermore, the percentage occurrence rates were most prominent during the main phase at the post-sunset sector within less than 6 h of the storm onset. On the other hand, the occurrence rates became prominent in the post-midnight/morning sector during the recovery phase and even higher than observed in the post-sunset sector. Based on these findings it was concluded that the dominant driver of the enhanced EPIs during the post-midnight/daytime sector could be associated with disturbance dynamo electric fields.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Lendzion Rebecca J. , Frahm-Jensen Gert , Keck James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe surgical treatment of occlusive acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) without revascularization is associated with an 80% overall mortality. Early diagnosis is crucial, and revascularization may reduce overall mortality in AMI by up to 50%. A diagnosis of AMI requires a high index of clinical suspicion and the collaborative effort of emergency department physicians, general and vascular surgeons, and radiologists. This article provides an overview of the etiology, physiology, evaluation, and management of acute mesenteric ischemia.
Adoption of incentive-based insurance applications: the perspective of psychological ownership
Authors: Talonen Antti , Koskinen Lasse , Voutilainen Raimo , Talonen Harri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncentive-based health insurance applications have been implemented to trigger lower insurance premiums when the individual follows healthy living habits. It has been recognised that this benefit notwithstanding, consumers’ perceptions related to such applications in the life-insurance field and health tracking are not necessarily positive. Recent research has recognised that psychological ownership, a mental state wherein one feels a technology or application to be his or her own, plays a crucial role in individuals’ willingness to adopt and use new technologies. It has been suggested that many digital applications and platforms possess unique empowering and co-creative features that offer special potential to facilitate the emergence of psychological ownership and satisfy the underlying needs. The aim of our study, proceeding from these premises, was to identify and thematize hurdles to take-up of incentive-based health insurance applications with regard to meeting needs that drive development of psychological ownership. We achieved this by conducting a thematic analysis of perceptions of consumers who were not willing to adopt a specific application of the relevant type. The resulting framework, which recognises 14 thematized hurdles in all, holds important implications for scientific and managerial use both.
A reproducing kernel Hilbert space method for nonlinear partial differential equations: applications to physical equations
Authors: Attia Nourhane , Akgül Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The partial differential equations (PDEs) describe several phenomena in wide fields of engineering and physics. The purpose of this paper is to employ the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM) in obtaining effective numerical solutions to nonlinear PDEs, which are arising in acoustic problems for a fluid flow. In this paper, the RKHSM is used to construct numerical solutions for PDEs which are found in physical problems such as sediment waves in plasma, sediment transport in rivers, shock waves, electric signals’ transmission along a cable, acoustic problems for a fluid flow, vibrating membrane, and vibrating string. The RKHSM systematically produces analytic and approximate solutions in the form of series. The convergence analysis and error estimations are discussed to prove the applicability theoretically. Three applications are tested to show the performance and efficiency of the used method. Computational results indicated a good agreement between the exact and numerical solutions.
Model-agnostic interpretation of 10 billion years of cosmic evolution traced by BOSS and eBOSS data
Authors: Brieden Samuel , Gil-Marín Héctor , Verde Licia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the first model-agnostic analysis of the complete set of Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (BOSS) and -IV (eBOSS) catalogues of luminous red galaxy and quasar clustering in the redshift range 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 2.2 (10 billion years of cosmic evolution), which consistently includes the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), redshift space distortions (RSD) and the shape of the transfer function signatures, from pre- and post-reconstructed catalogues in Fourier space. This approach complements the standard analyses techniques which only focus on the BAO and RSD signatures, and the full-modeling approaches which assume a specific underlying cosmology model to perform the analysis. These model-independent results can then easily be interpreted in the context of the cosmological model of choice. In particular, when combined with z > 2.1 Ly-α BAO measurements, the clustering BAO, RSD and Shape parameters can be interpreted within a flat-ΛCDM model yielding h = 0.6816 ± 0.0067, Ωm = 0.3001 ± 0.0057 and 109 × As
= 2.43 ± 0.20 (or σ
8 = 0.858 ± 0.036) with a Big Bang Nucleosynthesis prior on the baryon density.
Without any external dataset, the BOSS and eBOSS data alone imply Ωm = 0.2971 ± 0.0061 and 109 × As
= 2.39+0.24
-0.43 (or σ
8 = 0.857 ± 0.040).
For models beyond ΛCDM, eBOSS data alone (in combination with Planck) constrain the sum of neutrino mass to be Σmν
< 0.40 eV with a BBN prior (Σmν
< 0.082 eV) at 95% CL, the curvature energy density to Ωk = -0.022+0.032
-0.038 (Ωk = 0.0015 ± 0.0016) and the dark energy equation of state parameter to w = -0.998+0.085
-0.073 (w = -1.093+0.048
0.044) at 68% CL without a BBN prior.
These results are the product of a substantial improvement of the state-of-the-art methodologies and represent the most precise model-agnostic cosmological constrains using spectroscopic large-scale data alone.
Spin-polarized proton acceleration by an intense laser pulse with a foil-gas target
Authors: Yan Xue , Ji Liangliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel scheme for obtaining high-energy polarized proton beams by the interaction of a femtosecond laser pulse with a foil-gas composite target has been proposed. The carbon plasmas heated by the laser pulse expand toward the prepolarized HCl gas and excite shock waves in the gas target, reflecting and accelerating spin-polarized protons. According to the results from particle-in-cell simulations with the addition of spin dynamics, protons of several MeV are produced with the polarization rate remaining above 90% in the high energy region. The simulation results show that a large number of the reflected protons are subjected to a weak azimuthal magnetic field and with less depolarization. The intensity of laser pulses and the thickness of foils also affect the strength of the azimuthal magnetic field, which affects the depolarization of the proton beams.