bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) provocation tests: a systematic review
Authors: Tuhi Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

Provocation tests are routinely used in the diagnosis of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) injuries by medical practitioners including physiotherapists and hand therapists. The accuracy and reliability of these tests are essential to ensure a correct diagnosis of injury. Despite their extensive clinical use, the current evidence on these tests is limited. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that examined accuracy and reliability of provocation tests for TFCC injuries. A systematic search was undertaken across six databases. Studies were evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool, and the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL) scale. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy metrics including reliability, sensitivity specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values were extracted. A total of 13 eligible studies were retrieved. Of this, five studies investigated reliability; this included three different provocation tests assessing both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Eight studies investigated diagnostic accuracy, which included five different TFCC provocation tests. The majority of the diagnostic accuracy studies showed a lower risk of bias, and the reliability studies were of moderate to high quality. This review indicated that a small number of studies showed high reliability, which indicated consistency of the test both between different raters, and between the same rater at different times. However, reported estimates of accuracy indicated limited diagnostic utility. Only a few studies reached acceptable threshold values to determine its clinical usefulness, and there were large inconsistencies of findings between studies that investigated the same test. In this presentation, I will discuss the findings of this systematic review including the usefulness of individual provocation tests for the TFCC, the recommendations and application for clinical practise, and direction needed for future research.
Combining local and scientific knowledge in ecosystem based DRR in Sri Lanka.
Authors: Lansakara Ul Arachchige Damithri Jayasekara 
Published: April 2022

In many countries ‘green’ ecosystem-oriented solutions are preferred for sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) over ‘grey’ infrastructure protective mechanisms. Sustainably managed ecosystems decrease disaster risks by mitigating the impacts of hazards and reducing community exposure. The potential of ecosystems in DRR is increasingly recognized but still poorly understood and researched compared to dominant physical scientific and engineering approaches. Furthermore, a significant gap exists in terms of combining local/indigenous and scientific knowledge for ecosystem-based DRR. Local and indigenous knowledge for ecosystem-based DRR evolves from local communities’ experiences, local-based observations and inter-generational knowledge. Scientific knowledge for ecosystem-based DRR is based on scientific methods and principles, the detached deductive, observational, data analytical, and systems approach. The two knowledge domains should be viewed as two halves of a more holistic approach to contribute towards sustainable ecosystem based-DRR. This research will adopt a case-study design in the Rathnapura District and Kolonnawa Divisional Secretariat Division of Sri Lanka. Primary data will be collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Secondary data will be collected through governmental agencies’ and departments’ databases. Research outcomes are expected to fill significant gaps in ecosystem-based DRR literature and contribute to the advancement of theoretical knowledge in DRR globally. In this presentation, I will talk about how disaster risk reduction has evolved, ecosystem-based approaches for disaster risk reduction, and integrating local knowledge and scientific knowledge for ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction. I will also take examples from disasters all over the world.
Despre condiţia încălcării legii în cazul infracţiunii de abuz în serviciu
Authors: Resmeriță Clement Mihai 
Published: April 2022

Prezentul studiu îşi propune să analizeze noua configuraţie a infracţiunii de abuz în serviciu prin raportare la condiţia încălcării legii de către subiectul activ.
Sunt analizate astfel ipoteze de încălcare a legii precum şi mecanismul prin care se constată că s-a încălcat legea în raport de atribuţiile funcţionarilor.
Totodată, studiul prezintă şi modul cum s-a reflectat în practica judiciară decizia Curţii Constituţionale nr. 405/2016, care a schimbat configuraţia infracţiunii de abuz în serviciu.
Computed tomographic assessment of principal bronchial anatomy in dogs of various thoracic conformations: 93 cases (2012–2017)
Authors: Côté Etienne , Weisse Chick , Lamb Kenneth , Tozier Erik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To better understand spatial relationships between principal bronchi and other intrathoracic structures by use of CT images of dogs of various somatotypes.

ANIMALS
93 dogs that underwent thoracic CT.

PROCEDURES
Information was collected from medical records regarding signalment and physical examination and echocardiographic findings. Two investigators recorded multiple measurements on a thoracic axial CT image from each dog.

RESULTS
Thoracic height-to-width ratio (H:W) was associated with left principal bronchus (LPB) and right principal bronchus (RPB) H:W, aortic-LPB separation, focal LPB narrowing, and aortic-vertebral overlap. Thoracic H:W was not associated with dog age, weight, sex, or brachycephalic breed. Twenty-five (27%) dogs had focal LPB narrowing, compared with 5 (5%) dogs with focal RPB narrowing (P < 0.001). Ten of 25 dogs had overlap or contact between vertebrae, aorta, LPB, and heart, suggesting a cumulative compressive effect on the LPB, while 15 had LPB-aorta contact and lack of contact between the aorta and thoracic vertebrae, suggesting an aortic constrictive effect on the LPB. None had LPB narrowing without contact from surrounding structures. Inter-rater agreement was high.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In dogs that underwent CT and were not selected for clinical suspicion of bronchial disease, principal bronchial morphology was associated with thoracic conformation. Focal LPB narrowing occurred more often than RPB narrowing. Focal LPB narrowing occurred with evidence of extraluminal compression, with or without contact between aorta and vertebrae. Brachycephalic breed could not be used for predicting thoracic H:W.
Evaluating third- and fourth-year veterinary students’ communication skills knowledge and performance at Colorado State University
Authors: Janke Natasha , Shaw Jane R. , Coe Jason B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of a communication program on a cohort of veterinary students’ knowledge and performance of communication skills.

SAMPLE
Class cohort of veterinary students at Colorado State University.

PROCEDURES
Year 3 students’ knowledge of communication skills was evaluated using quizzes, administered before and after the fall 2016 and spring 2017 Clinical Communication Skills-I and II junior practicum. In year 4, student performance of 22 Calgary-Cambridge Guide communication skills was assessed by coding video-recordings of student-client interactions collected during their second and fourth weeks of the Community Practice rotation in the summer and fall of 2017 and spring of 2018. The impact of training, association with demographic factors, and correlation between knowledge and performance of communication skills were investigated.

RESULTS
In year 3, 136 students completed both fall and spring quizzes; in year 4, 65 week-2 and 29 week-4 appointments were video-recorded during Community Practice rotation. Students’ knowledge assessed via quizzes containing skill spotting and skill demonstrating questions increased significantly after the fall and spring junior practicums; however, knowledge of communication skills was not associated with performance during year 4 Community Practice rotations. Communication skills most frequently demonstrated by students during the fourth year Community Practice rotation were open-ended questions, closed-ended questions, empathy toward the client and patient, providing “chunks” of information, and signposting. Students received high quality scores for non-verbal behaviors and logical clinical interview structure.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggest that experiential learning techniques, including a flipped classroom approach, role-play, and communication laboratories contributed to increased student knowledge of communication skills.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ε-caprolactone) tetra-arm star polymer using tetra terminal alkynyl-substituted phthalocyanine by the combination of ring-opening polymerization and “click” chemistry
Authors: Savaş Bedrettin , Meyvaci Ergül , Öztürk Temel , Ağirtaş Mehmet Salih 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) tetra-arm star polymer was carried out using “click” chemistry and ring-opening polymerization techniques. For this purpose, poly(ε-caprolactone) azido (PCL-N3) was acquired using ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and 2-[2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol (N3ol). N3ol was obtained using sodium azide and 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol. 4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-phthalonitrile was obtained by using 4-nitrophthalonitrile and propargyl alcohol. 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24) Tetrakis-[(prop-2-ynyloxy)-phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (Pc-propargyl) was synthesized by using 4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)-phthalonitrile and a metal salt. By reacting Pc-propargyl and PCL-N3, PCL tetra-arm star polymer was obtained by “click” chemistry. The products were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography instruments. The spectroscopic analyses of PCL tetra-arm star polymer prove that the star polymer was built through the combination of ROP and “click” chemistry. We provided a protocol for PCL tetra-arm star polymer, and a statement of reproducibility with respect to the properties of this tetra-arm star polymer. This study is an example of a novel type of combination reaction, from ring-opening polymerization to “click” chemistry using phthalocyanine. This can open the door for diverse tetra-arm star polymer synthesis that could potentially cause major advances in synthetic macromolecular chemistry.
Changes in Management of Business Education Based on Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Depoo Lucie , Boháček Jiří , Šnýdrová Markéta , Petrů Gabriela Ježková , Šnýdrová Ivana , Zuzák Roman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the perception of crisis management of case business university due to the shift from in-person learning to online or distance form based on COVID-19 and suggestions to improve university branding and competitiveness. Results are based on interviewing students enrolled at business courses during the coronavirus crisis. The aim is to identify successful crisis management practices of a university based on key factors drawn from students’ feedback to ensure smooth shift to online education while maintaining efficiency and reputation. Students reactions were analysed to construct factors leading to successfully manage university’s value though non-standard period. Students reflection on their experiences brings factors crucial to manage unexpected situation, i.e.: personalized communication, openness of school staff, fast reactions, alternative study possibilities, management of social impact, and alternative exams.
Soft Law – The Intermediate Stage Between Freedom and Control
Authors: Pečarič Mirko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The soft law is placed on a scale between freedom and control, autonomy, and hard law. At first sight, it falls short of building elements known in the legal principles of law, like transparency, certainty, and predictability, but on the other hand, it is needed to address areas where complexity reigns, where flexibility is needed, where hard law is too hard, invasive, and inappropriate to achieve more distant goals. As soft law can have not only practical but also legal effects, this paper analyses the basic elements of soft law, its practice in the US, France, and the EU and gives pro et contra arguments to be able to recognise it as such and to apply it on a more objective manner. This can be done with the help of the manifest error standard of the judiciary, its structure, and the help of participatory collective wisdom. A first step could be the use of the evidentiary standard of manifest error as a possible solution for the most effective soft law (a la “Turing style”), after which the structure and collective wisdom follow. When the principle of loyal cooperation among institutions is established, the soft law hardens more and more into clay and/or hard law. It thus matters who, when, how, and why to enact the soft law.
Relationship between effort–reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the profession among the medical staff of Qom University of Medical Sciences†
Authors: Asgarian Azadeh , Abbasinia Mohammad , Sadeghi Roghayeh , Moadab Fatemeh , Asayesh Hamid , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Heshmati Farahnaz , Mahdianpour Farzaneh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model claims that work that has the characteristics of high effort and low reward has a mutual defect between input and output and this imbalance may result in sustained and long-lasting results. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intention to leave the profession (ILP) and ERI and job satisfaction among the medical staff in Qom Province.

Methods
A descriptive-correlative study was conducted on 202 medical staff in Qom Province based on random sampling in 2018. Demographics checklist, standard ILP, job satisfaction, and Siegrist's ERI questionnaires were used for data collection. The chi-squared test, independent t-test, and one-way Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze data.

Results
The mean age of employees was 32.04 ± 7.9 years, and 165 (87.1%) of the employees were women. The results showed that the medical staff was willing to leave their profession at a moderate level (40.7 ± 10.3). There was no significant relationship between demographics and ILP. Nevertheless, a significant and inverse relationship was observed between ERI (r:0.318, P < 0.01) and ILP (r: 0.197, P < 0.01). Leave the profession (LP) had a negative correlation with the dimensions of job descriptive index (JDI) such as job, manager, coworker and wage score (P < 0.01, r: −0.147, r: −0.262, r: −0.292, r: −0.271, r: −0.396).

Conclusions
According to the results, managers need to make sure that their working staff is rewarded as they deserve. According to the results, managers need to ensure that the reward factor is observed for the staff, while an ERI imbalance may contribute to ILP of the staff. On the other hand, it leads to job satisfaction.
Inter-Professional-Compassionate pain management during endotracheal suctioning: a valuable lesson from a Chinese surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Ruan Qian-Wen , Khomapak Maneewat , Sangchan Hathairat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effects of a pain management program and routine suctioning methods on the level of pain presence and agitation in Chinese adults admitted to the intensive care unit. To disseminate the results from the implementation of the evidence-informed pain management interventions for reducing pain presence and agitation during endotracheal tube suctioning (ETS) and translate the key finding to clinical nursing practice.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study of a two-group post-test design was conducted in adults admitted after surgery to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China in 2018. Fifty-two adults who met the study eligibility were included after consent, 26 in each group. Patients in the control group received usual care while patients in the intervention group received interventions to reduce agitation and pain-related ETS. The impacts of the intervention on the level of pain presence and agitation were measured at 5 measuring time points using the Chinese versions of Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS).

Results
The level of pain presence in the intervention group statistically significantly decreased during, immediately after, and 5 min after suctioning. The level of agitation in the intervention group significantly decreased during and immediately after suctioning.

Conclusions
The findings provide support for the positive pain-relieving effects of the evidence-informed pain-related ETS management interventions when compared with the usual ETS practice. The study interventions were sufficiently effective and safe to maintain patent airway clean and patent as standardized suctioning and helps pain relief. So, evidence-based pain-related ETS management intervention is worthy of recommending to utilize in SICU patients as well as other patients who required suctioning. It is worth noting that integrating pre-emptive analgesia prescription and administration with non-pharmacological intervention plays a critical role in achieving pain relief.
Relationship between spiritual well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life and some related factors in patients with AIDS/HIV
Authors: Setareh Derakhshanpour , Zahra Yazdanpanahi , Mahnaz Zarshenas , Marzieh Akbarzadeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The study of effective factors on the quality of life (QoL), as an important criterion, in the outcome of new therapeutic and preventive strategies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been considered by researchers. To study the relationship between spiritual well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and some related factors in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ([AIDS]/HIV).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 224 people were selected as the study population (112 were male and 112 were female) from patients with AIDS/HIV at the Behavioral Counseling Center of Shiraz with available sampling method. The research tool was Palutzian & Ellison well-being scale and QoL Questionnaire (SF-36). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test.

Results
There was a significant direct relationship between physical function dimensions (P = 0.003). There was a significant relationship between general well-being, mental well-being, and total spiritual well-being (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of QoL and spiritual well-being with some age section of the patients, and their occupation and education (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Spirituality has an impact on the QoL dimensions. Therefore, HIV positive people's quality of life could be improved by the possibility of the spiritual well-being promotion as a method of adaptation with the disease.
Experiences of implementing a coping mechanism for the elderly who face chronic diseases while living with the family: a phenomenology study
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Sahar Junaiti , Wiarsih sWiwin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
Physical and psychological stress causes harm to the health status of the elderly with chronic diseases. This study aimed to understand coping mechanisms of the elderly with chronic conditions who live with their family.

Methods
This study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenology method from the experience of 13 older adults with chronic disease. The study processes were interviewed, tape recorded, transcribed, and explored from the transcripts using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method. The steps of the descriptive phenomenology process are bracketing, intuiting, analyzing, and describing.

Results
The coping mechanisms used by the elderly with chronic diseases are (1) the behavioral focus coping ways by doing sports, and physical activities; (2) Focus on spirituality has been implemented by fasting, chanting, dhikr, and prayer; (3) The cognitive focus by working on hobbies or habitual activities and helping each other; (4) The social interaction focus was by interacting with friends, family, and neighbors.

Conclusions
This shows that elderly adults with disease conditions try to adapt various forms of coping mechanisms, which positively affects their psychological state. Families which have elderly with chronic diseases are expected to provide nurturing and psychological support to them so that the elderly can consistently apply coping mechanisms to overcome and tackle chronic diseases. Understanding the coping mechanism implementation of the elderly who have chronic diseases by their family can guide health specialists in designing psychological and spiritual approach interventions.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the nurse behavior toward confirmed and suspected HIV/AIDS patients (NB-CSHAP) scale
Authors: De los Santos Janet Alexis , Milla Norberto , Tuppal Cyruz , Labrague Leodoro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is a scarcity of literature discussing nurses’ behaviors toward caring for suspected or confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The development of a scale specific to measure nurses’ behaviors will allow health institutions to assess the disposition of their nurses in terms of HIV care. This study aims to present the rigors of developing and validating a reliable instrument to contextualize these nurses’ behaviors. This study utilized a sequential exploratory mixed method design to develop the NB-CSHAP scale. Thematic analysis was done on the qualitative data from the interviews with persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) from which items were selected to be included in the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to extract the factors and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the instrument. Four factors were extracted and are categorized as either caring or discriminatory behaviors. These include: (1) service-oriented, (2) openhanded, (3) perceptive, and (4) discriminatory. The scale has an internal consistency of 0.73. The scale shows acceptable psychometric properties, hence can be used to assess the nurses’ behaviors in caring for confirmed or suspected HIV clients. The scale may be used by health institutions to determine the quality of the patient care provided by their nurses to clients with confirmed or suspected HIV.
Influence of Hydraulic Oil Viscosity on the Energy Efficiency of Hydrostatic Drive
Authors: Skorek Grzegorz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article presents the influence of oil viscosity on the overall efficiency of the compared systems with proportional cylinder control. There are energy losses in the elements of the hydraulic system, which are, among other things, a function of the viscosity of the working fluid used, as well as energy losses which are practically independent of the viscosity. In order to assess the possibilities of saving energy during the operation of the hydrostatic drive system, it is necessary to understand and describe the losses occurring in the system. Determining the energy efficiency of the system can be performed simulation with the help of a computer program using an appropriate mathematical model. The efficiency determined in this way can be used in the process of designing and operating the system.