bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved 3D-ResNet sign language recognition algorithm with enhanced hand features
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Wang Kankan , Yang Tingping , Li Yiming , Fan Di 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn sign language video, the hand region is small, the resolution is low, the motion speed is fast, and there are cross occlusion and blur phenomena, which have a great impact on sign language recognition rate and speed, and are important factors restricting sign language recognition performance. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved 3D-ResNet sign language recognition algorithm with enhanced hand features, aiming to highlight the features of both hands, solve the problem of missing more effective information when relying only on global features, and improve the accuracy of sign language recognition. The proposed method has two improvements. Firstly, the algorithm detects the left and right hand regions based on the improved EfficientDet network, uses the improved Bi-FPN module and dual channel and spatial attention module are used to enhance the detection ability of the network for small targets like hand. Secondly, the improved residual module is used to improve the 3D-ResNet18 network to extract sign language features. The global, the left-hand and the right-hand image sequences are divided into three branches for feature extraction and fusion, so as to strengthen the attention to hand features, strengthen the representation ability of sign language features, and achieve the purpose of improving the accuracy of sign language recognition. In order to verify the performance of this algorithm, a series of experiments are carried out on CSL dataset. For example, in the experiments of hand detection algorithm and sign language recognition algorithm, the performance indicators such as Top-N, mAP, FLOPs and Parm are applied to find the optimal algorithm framework. The experimental results show that the Top1 recognition accuracy of this algorithm reaches 91.12%, which is more than 10% higher than that of C3D, P3D and 3D-ResNet basic networks. From the performance indicators of Top-N, mAP, FLOPs, Parm and so on, the performance of the algorithm in this paper is better than several algorithms in recent three years, such as I3D+BLSTM, B3D ResNet, AM-ResC3D+RCNN and so on. The results show that the hand detection network with enhanced hand features and three-dimensional convolutional neural network proposed in this paper can achieve higher accuracy of sign language recognition.
Nestin is a marker of unipotent embryonic and adult progenitors differentiating into an epithelial cell lineage of the hair follicles
Authors: Baba Yuta , Onishi-Sakamoto Saki , Ide Kaori , Nishifuji Koji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNestin is an intermediate filament protein transiently expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells. We previously demonstrated that outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes of adult hair follicles (HFs) in mice descend from nestin-expressing cells, despite being an epithelial cell lineage. This study determined the exact stage when nestin-expressing ORS stem/precursor cells or their descendants appear during HF morphogenesis, and whether they are present in adult HFs. Using Nes-Cre/CAG-CAT-EGFP mice, in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is expressed following Cre-based recombination driven by the nestin promoter, we found that EGFP+ cells appeared in the epithelial layer of embryonic HFs as early as the peg stage. EGFP+ cells in hair pegs were positive for keratin 14 (K14) and K5, but not vimentin, SOX2, SOX10, or S100 alpha 6. Tracing of tamoxifen-induced EGFP+ cells in postnatal Nes-CreERT2/CAG-CAT-EGFP mice revealed labeling of some isthmus HF epithelial cells in the first anagen stage. EGFP+ cells in adult HFs were not immunolabeled for K15, an HF multipotent stem cell marker. However, when hairs were depilated in Nes-CreERT2/CAG-CAT-EGFP mice to induce the anagen stage after tamoxifen injection, the majority of ORS keratinocytes in depilation-induced anagen HFs were labeled for EGFP. Our findings indicate that nestin-expressing unipotent progenitor cells capable of differentiating into ORS keratinocytes are present in HF primordia and adult HFs.
A coupled phase-field and reactive-transport framework for fracture propagation in poroelastic media
Authors: Clavijo Santiago Pena , Addassi Mouadh , Finkbeiner Thomas , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a novel approach to model hydro-chemo-mechanical responses in rock formations subject to fracture propagation within chemically active rock formations. The framework developed integrates the mechanisms of reactive transport, fluid flow and transport in porous media, and phase-field modelling of fracture propagation in poroelastic media. The solution approach integrates the geochemical package PHREEQC with a finite-element open-source platform, FEniCs. The PHREEQC solver is used to calculate the localized chemical reaction, including solid dissolution/precipitation. The resulting solid weakening by chemical damage is estimated from the reaction-induced porosity change. The proposed coupled model was verified with previous numerical results and applied to a synthetic case exhibiting hydraulic fracturing enhanced with chemical damage. Simulation results suggest that mechanical failure could be accelerated in the presence of ongoing chemical processes due to rock weakening and porosity changes, allowing the nucleation, growth, and development of fractures.
Chemotherapie nach Progress unter Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition beim metastasierten malignen Melanom: Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Weilandt Juliane , Lebahn Herbert , Ludwig-Peitsch Wiebke 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI), BRAF- und MEK-Inhibitoren haben die Prognose von Patienten mit metastasiertem malignem Melanom entscheidend verbessert. Nichtsdestotrotz spricht ein erheblicher Prozentsatz nicht oder nur vorübergehend auf diese modernen Therapien an. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit BRAF-Wildtyp-Melanom sind die Therapieoptionen nach Versagen von ICI limitiert.
Kasuistik Eine 24-jährige Patientin stellte sich im Dezember 2015 mit einem akrolentiginösen malignen Melanom am linken Fußballen im Tumorstadium IIB (pT4a, pN0, cM0, Infiltrationstiefe 7,95 mm, BRAF-V600-Wildtyp) vor, das leitliniengerecht operativ versorgt und für 18 Monate adjuvant mit Interferon-alpha behandelt wurde. Nach Diagnose von zwei Lymphknotenmetastasen links inguinal und radikaler Lymphknotendissektion erhielt die Patientin für 12 Monate eine adjuvante Therapie mit Nivolumab. Nach einem 10-monatigen tumorfreien Intervall ohne Therapie erbrachte das Staging eine paraaortale Lymphknotenmetastase. Gemäß Tumorkonferenz-Beschluss wurde bei nunmehr vorliegendem Stadium IV eine Immunkombinationstherapie mit Nivolumab und Ipilimumab begonnen, die nach 2 Gaben aufgrund einer Autoimmunkolitis und -hepatitis Grad 3 beendet und auf eine Nivolumab-Monotherapie umgestellt wurde. Bei erneutem Tumorprogress auch nach Metastasenresektion und fehlender Möglichkeit einer Studienteilnahme wurde eine palliative Chemotherapie mit Dacarbazin 850 mg/m2 alle 3 Wochen eingeleitet. Hiermit ließ sich nach 4 Zyklen eine partielle Remission und nach 10 Zyklen eine Komplettremission erzielen, die nunmehr seit 10 Monaten ohne Therapie anhält.
Diskussion Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die Effektivität einer Chemotherapie nach vorangegangener Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition höher ist als ohne diese Vortherapie, möglicherweise durch einen immunmodulatorischen Effekt der Chemotherapie, der synergistisch mit einer Immunaktivierung durch ICI wirkt. Bisher liegen nur wenige Studien zu dieser Therapiesequenz beim Melanom vor, bei denen es sich ausschließlich um retrospektive Analysen handelt. Diese weisen auf einen klinischen Nutzen der Therapiesequenz hin, wenngleich die Evidenz hierfür sehr gering ist. Die meisten Patienten, die nach einer Vortherapie mit ICI auf Dacarbazin oder andere Chemotherapien ansprechen, erreichen eine partielle Remission. Anhaltende Komplettremissionen wie bei unserer Patientin sind eine Rarität.
A Neutral FeCl3 Photocatalysis for C–C Bond Animation and Alkylation of Cyclic Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Zongnan , Xue Ting , Zeng Rong , Han Zhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA modified method for iron-catalyzed C–C bond cleavage and amination and alkylation of nonactivated cyclic alcohols has been developed. Using FeCl3 as catalyst, the photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer facilitates the generation of O-radicals from alcohols, the subsequent β-scission, and finally the radical trapping. Compared with the Fe(OR)3 catalysis, this mildly base-free system could enable the amination in a broader substrate scope with higher yields. Moreover, the C–C bond cleavage and alkylation of cyclic alcohols proceeds with electron-deficient olefins under these conditions.
Ligand additivity relationships enable efficient exploration of transition metal chemical space
Authors: Arunachalam Naveen , Gugler Stefan , Taylor Michael G. , Duan Chenru , Nandy Aditya , Janet Jon Paul , Meyer Ralf , Oldenstaedt Jonas , Chu Daniel B. K. , Kulik Heather J. 
Published: October 2022

To accelerate the exploration of chemical space, it is necessary to identify the compounds that will provide the most additional information or value. A large-scale analysis of mononuclear octahedral transition metal complexes deposited in an experimental database confirms an under-representation of lower-symmetry complexes. From a set of around 1000 previously studied Fe(II) complexes, we show that the theoretical space of synthetically accessible complexes formed from the relatively small number of unique ligands is significantly (∼816k) larger. For the properties of these complexes, we validate the concept of ligand additivity by inferring heteroleptic properties from a stoichiometric combination of homoleptic complexes. An improved interpolation scheme that incorporates information about cis and trans isomer effects predicts the adiabatic spin-splitting energy to around 2 kcal/mol and the HOMO level to less than 0.2 eV. We demonstrate a multi-stage strategy to discover leads from the 816k Fe(II) complexes within a targeted property region. We carry out a coarse interpolation from homoleptic complexes that we refine over a subspace of ligands based on the likelihood of generating complexes with targeted properties. We validate our approach on nine new binary and ternary complexes predicted to be in a targeted zone of discovery, suggesting opportunities for efficient transition metal complex discovery.
Significantly suppressing metal particle-induced surface charge accumulation of spacers in DC gas-insulated power transmission lines
Authors: Xing Yunqi , Sun Xinbo , Jiang Jinpeng , Liang Fangwei , Liang Zuodong , Zhuang Weijian , Liu Bo , Li Dege , Cao Shaohua , Li Min , He Jinliang , Li Chuanyang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this letter, we report functions of surface roughening and fluorination on suppressing linear metal particle-induced spacer surface charge accumulation. An appropriate increase in spacer surface conductivity by short-term fluorination and roughening not only increases the metal particle lifting voltage, but also weakens the particle activation. The spacer surface charge shows reduced charge density in roughened spacer, while fluorination modification significantly suppresses the charge density on the spacer surface. For roughened and fluorinated samples, the decrease of surface charge density and the intrinsic lower electric field (due to an increase in conductivity) near the triple junction both contribute to a higher particle lifting voltage. The content in this letter provides an approach to effectively suppress the charge accumulation induced by linear metal particles.
Element analysis and its application in rotating machinery fault diagnosis
Authors: Dai Hanfang , Wang Yanxue , Wang Xuan , Liu Qi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Conventional signal processing methods make it difficult to extract the fault impulse features from the target signal, and the time-frequency representation has energy ambiguity. Thus, it is critical to develop new approaches for mechanical fault diagnostics. In this paper, the element analysis method, which was originally utilized in the marine field, is applied to the field of mechanical fault diagnosis for the first time. A de-noising technique of rotating machinery signals based on the element analysis method is proposed. The proposed method first determines the corresponding wavelet parameters according to the mechanical fault signals and constructs the element model. Then the method performs the Morse wavelet transform on the element model, and calculates the signal impulse point from the wavelet transform to obtain the signal’s fault characteristic frequency. Furthermore, the method can also reconstruct the signal by utilizing a small number of solitary points in the time or scale plane. The performance of the method is verified by analyzing simulated signals and mechanical vibration signals collected from different experimental platforms. The results demonstrate that the method has excellent signal characteristic extraction capability and successfully diagnoses different kinds of rotating machinery faults.
Size estimation of spall-like fault on rolling element bearing using an integrated approach incorporating total variation regularization and singular spectrum analysis
Authors: Patel Dhaval V , Bhojawala Vipul M , Patel Kaushik M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spalling in rolling element bearings is a common localized defect generated during the operation of a bearing due to rolling fatigue. Size estimation of such localized defects can be helpful in determining the severity of the fault. This can be further used as an input for predicting the remaining useful life of the bearing. The popular approach for estimating the size (in terms of width) of a spall is to trace the entry and exit events of the rolling element while interacting with the fault. The time estimated between entry and exit of a rolling element from a pit-like spall can be converted to a geometric estimation of the fault size from the vibration signature. The present approach demonstrates the use of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to accomplish this task. The vibration signal generated from the interaction of the rolling element with the localized fault is a hybrid signal consisting of a low frequency stepped response generated while the rolling element enters the fault superimposed onto the high frequency impact generated during the re-entry of the rolling element into the raceway from the spall. The signal information is enhanced via pre-processing with total variation regularization (TVR) filtration. The informative signal, which is extracted from the row temporal signal via SSA, aids in the accurate identification of entry and exit events. The proposed method integrating TVR with SSA for fault size estimation is validated using simulated signals and experimental signals from independent resources. The results show strong agreement with the accuracy level of size estimation.
Electronic and superconducting properties of hydrogenated graphene from first-principles calculations
Authors: Lu Qing , Ding Chi , Wang Xiaomeng , Chen Tong , Sun Jian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We performed first-principles calculations on two hydrogenated graphene systems with different hydrogen coverages, C8H2 and C50H2, to analyze their electronic and superconducting properties. Our results show that their electronic properties are highly correlated to the hydrogenation positions. If the two hydrogen atoms are attached to the same sublattice, the final system will be ferromagnetic. Otherwise, it will maintain nonmagnetic rather than anti-ferromagnetic. Moreover, the distance between the doped hydrogens can trigger the movement of Dirac points, and even annihilate Dirac points when the distance is close to the maximum. We further studied their superconducting properties by applying hole doping and tensile strains. The results show that the superconducting transition temperature T
c increases with more holes and reaches its maximum of about 20.2 K at the critical doping level (x
c = 0.17 holes/cell). Our results show that the superconductivity mainly originates from the coupling between the out-of-plane lattice vibration modes and the electronic p
z orbitals of carbon atoms. The increase of T
c can be attributed to the stronger coupling between the electrons and the low-frequency phonon. However, the application of biaxial and uniaxial tensile strain will depress the superconductivity because of the modulation of the low-frequency phonon. It is worthy to note that weak anharmonicity exists in the hydrogenated graphene systems. This work provides a systematic study on tuning the superconductivity of hydrogenated graphene.
New Continuum and Polarization Observations of the Cygnus Loop with FAST. II. Images and Analyses
Authors: Sun Xiao-Hui , Gao Xu-Yang , Reich Wolfgang , Jiang Peng , Li Di , Yan Huirong , Li Xiang-Hua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present total-intensity and polarized-intensity images of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant (SNR) observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. The high angular-resolution and high-sensitivity images enable us to thoroughly compare the properties of the northern part with the southern part of the SNR. The central filament in the northern part and the southern part have a similar foreground rotation measure, meaning their distances are likely similar. The polarization analysis indicates that the random magnetic field is larger than the regular field in the northern part, but negligible in the southern part. The total-intensity image is decomposed into components of various angular scales, and the brightness-temperature spectral index of the shell structures in the northern part is similar to that in the southern part in the component images. All the evidence suggests that the northern and southern parts of the Cygnus Loop are situated and thus evolved in different environments of interstellar medium, while belonging to the same SNR.
Alignment-free metal ion-binding site prediction from protein sequence through pretrained language model and multi-task learning
Authors: Yuan Qianmu , Chen Sheng , Wang Yu , Zhao Huiying , Yang Yuedong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMore than one-third of the proteins contain metal ions in the Protein Data Bank. Correct identification of metal ion-binding residues is important for understanding protein functions and designing novel drugs. Due to the small size and high versatility of metal ions, it remains challenging to computationally predict their binding sites from protein sequence. Existing sequence-based methods are of low accuracy due to the lack of structural information, and time-consuming owing to the usage of multi-sequence alignment. Here, we propose LMetalSite, an alignment-free sequence-based predictor for binding sites of the four most frequently seen metal ions in BioLiP (Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+). LMetalSite leverages the pretrained language model to rapidly generate informative sequence representations and employs transformer to capture long-range dependencies. Multi-task learning is adopted to compensate for the scarcity of training data and capture the intrinsic similarities between different metal ions. LMetalSite was shown to surpass state-of-the-art structure-based methods by more than 19.7, 14.4, 36.8 and 12.6% in area under the precision recall on the four independent tests, respectively. Further analyses indicated that the self-attention modules are effective to learn the structural contexts of residues from protein sequence. We provide the data sets, source codes and trained models of LMetalSite at https://github.com/biomed-AI/LMetalSite.
Comprehensive characterization of elevated tau PET signal in the absence of amyloid-beta
Authors: Weigand Alexandra J , Edwards Lauren , Thomas Kelsey R , Bangen Katherine J , Bondi Mark W ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently proposed biomarker-only diagnostic frameworks propose that amyloid-beta is necessary for placement on the Alzheimer’s disease continuum, whereas tau in the absence of amyloid-beta is considered to be a non-Alzheimer’s disease pathologic change. Similarly, the pathologic designation of tau in the absence of amyloid-beta is characterized as primary age-related tauopathy and separable from Alzheimer’s disease. Our study sought to identify an early-to-moderate tau stage with minimal amyloid-beta using PET imaging and characterize these individuals in terms of clinical, cognitive and biological features. Seven hundred and three participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were classified into one of the four groups (A−/T−, A−/T+, A+/T− and A+/T+) based on PET positivity or negativity for cortical amyloid-beta (A−/A+) and early-to-moderate stage (i.e. meta-temporal) tau (T−/T+). These groups were then compared on demographic and clinical features, vascular risk, multi-domain neuropsychological performance, multi-domain subjective cognitive complaints, apolipoprotein E epsilon-4 carrier status and cortical thickness across Alzheimer’s disease-vulnerable regions. The proportion of participants classified in each group was as follows: 47.23% A−/T−, 13.51% A−/T+, 12.23% A+/T− and 27.03% A+/T+. Results indicated that the A−/T+ and A+/T+ groups did not statistically differ on age, sex, depression levels, vascular risk and cortical thickness across temporal and parietal regions. Additionally, both A−/T+ and A+/T+ groups showed significant associations between memory performance and cortical thickness of temporal regions. Despite the different pathologic terminology used for A−/T+ and A+/T+, these groups did not statistically differ on a number of clinical, cognitive and biomarker features. Although it remains unclear whether A−/T+ reflects a pathologic construct separable from Alzheimer’s disease, our results provide evidence that this group typically characterized as ‘non-Alzheimer’s pathologic change’ or ‘primary age-related tauopathy’ should be given increased attention, given some similarities in cognitive and biomarker characteristics to groups traditionally considered to be on the Alzheimer’s continuum.
Adult-onset KMT2B-related dystonia
Authors: Monfrini Edoardo , Ciolfi Andrea , Cavallieri Francesco , Ferilli Marco , Soliveri Paola , Pedace Lucia , Erro Roberto , Del Sorbo Francesca , Valzania Franco , Fioravanti Valentina , Cossu Giovanni , Pellegrini Maria , Salviati Leonardo , Invernizzi Federica , Oppo Valentina , Murgia Daniela , Giometto Bruno , Picillo Marina , Garavaglia Barbara , Morgante Francesca , Tartaglia Marco , Carecchio Miryam , Di Fonzo Alessio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
KMT2B-related dystonia (DYT-KMT2B, also known as DYT28) is an autosomal dominant neurological disorder characterized by varying combinations of generalized dystonia, psychomotor developmental delay, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and short stature. Disease onset occurs typically before 10 years of age. We report the clinical and genetic findings of a series of subjects affected by adult-onset dystonia, hearing loss or intellectual disability carrying rare heterozygous KMT2B variants. Twelve cases from five unrelated families carrying four rare KMT2B missense variants predicted to impact protein function are described. Seven affected subjects presented with adult-onset focal or segmental dystonia, three developed isolated progressive hearing loss, and one displayed intellectual disability and short stature. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling allowed to discriminate these adult-onset dystonia cases from controls and early-onset DYT-KMT2B patients. These findings document the relevance of KMT2B variants as a potential genetic determinant of adult-onset dystonia and prompt to further characterize KMT2B carriers investigating non-dystonic features.