bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIP1R and vimentin immunohistochemistry predict 1p/19q status in IDH-mutant glioma
Authors: Felix Marius , Friedel Dennis , Jayavelu Ashok Kumar , Filipski Katharina , Reinhardt Annekathrin , Warnken Uwe , Stichel Damian , Schrimpf Daniel , Korshunov Andrey , Wang Yueting , Kessler Tobias , Etminan Nima , Unterberg Andreas , Herold-Mende Christel , Heikaus Laura , Sahm Felix , Wick Wolfgang , Harter Patrick N , von Deimling Andreas , Reuss David E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
IDH-mutant gliomas are separate based on the codeletion of the chromosomal arms 1p and 19q into oligodendrogliomas IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted and astrocytomas IDH-mutant. While nuclear loss of ATRX expression excludes 1p/19q codeletion, its limited sensitivity prohibits to conclude on 1p/19q status in tumors with retained nuclear ATRX expression.

Methods
Employing mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis in a discovery series containing 35 fresh frozen and 72 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tumors with established IDH and 1p/19q status, potential biomarkers were discovered. Subsequent validation immunohistochemistry was conducted on two independent series (together 77 oligodendrogliomas IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted and 92 astrocytomas IDH-mutant).

Results
We detected highly specific protein patterns distinguishing oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma. In these patterns, high HIP1R and low vimentin levels were observed in oligodendroglioma while low HIP1R and high vimentin levels occurred in astrocytoma. Immunohistochemistry for HIP1R and vimentin expression in 35 cases from the FFPE discovery series confirmed these findings. Blinded evaluation of the validation cohorts predicted the 1p/19q status with a positive and negative predictive value as well as an accuracy of 100% in the first cohort and with a positive predictive value of 83%; negative predictive value of 100% and an accuracy of 92% in the second cohort. Nuclear ATRX loss as marker for astrocytoma increased the sensitivity to 96% and the specificity to 100%.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that immunohistochemistry for HIP1R, vimentin, and ATRX predict 1p/19q status with 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity and therefore, constitutes a simple and inexpensive approach to the classification of IDH-mutant glioma.
Presence of Nicotine Warning Statement on US Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Advertisements 6 Months Before and After the August 10, 2018 Effective Date
Authors: Czaplicki Lauren , Marynak Kristy , Kelley Dannielle , Moran Meghan Bridgid , Trigger Sarah , Kennedy Ryan David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Effective in August 10, 2018, FDA requires advertisements for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) that meet the definition of a “covered tobacco product” to feature a standard nicotine warning statement. To date, limited data exist on the presence of warning statements in ENDS advertising.

Methods
We acquired ENDS ads (n = 459) that first ran six months before (February 10, 2018–August 9, 2018) and after (August 10, 2018–February 9, 2019) the effective date. The sample included online, print, and outdoor static ads (ie, without video or animated graphics) (n = 166 before, n = 198 after), online and television video ads (n = 16 before, n = 49 after), and radio ads (n = 9 before, n = 21 after). We coded ads for the presence of the verbatim FDA warning. Ads with verbatim warnings were coded for required formatting and additional features.

Results
Overall, 28% of static (n = 46/166), 62% of video (n = 10/16), and 67% of radio (n = 6/9) ads that ran before the effective date contained the verbatim warning versus 84% (n = 167/198, p &lt; .001), 96% (n = 47/49, p = .002), and 86% (n = 18/21, p =.329) of ads that ran after, respectively. Following the effective date, nearly all static ads placed the warning as required at the top of the ad (76% [n = 35/46] before, 97% [n = 162/167] after, p &lt; .001), and many video ads featured the warning statement for the entire ad duration (0% [n = 0/10] before, 60% [n = 28/47] after, p &lt; .001). Half (n = 9/18) of radio warnings running after the effective date were read faster than the other promotional content.

Conclusions
The presence of the nicotine warning statement on paid promotional static, video, and radio ENDS ads in this sample increased after August 10, 2018, but a notable number still lacked the warning.

Implications
Results from this study provide initial insights into the extent to which required nicotine warning statements appear in ENDS ads in the study sample across traditional (eg, magazines, television, radio) and digital (eg, online/mobile ads) advertising mediums. Following the August 10, 2018, effective date, we observed a substantial increase in the presence of the required FDA warning statement on the ENDS ads in this sample. However, a notable number of ads in the study lacked the required warning and warnings did not always include the required formatting displays.
INTESTINAL ORGANOIDS FOR STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE/LOW-DOSE-RATE RADIATION
Authors: Fujimichi Yuki , Otsuka Kensuke , Tomita Masanori , Iwasaki Toshiyasu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Radiation response differs depending on the dose and dose rate in intestinal stem cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. To understand the effects of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation, the authors established an organoid system that mimics the in vivo environment and sporadic low-dose-rate irradiation conditions in vitro. Organoid-forming potential and the number of stem cells in the organoids derived from 1 Gy-irradiated cells were lower than those from non-irradiated cells; however, the difference was not significant, although 1 Gy-irradiated stem cells exhibited significant growth disadvantage in the mixed-organoid with non-irradiated and irradiated stem cells. Furthermore, the authors irradiated a cell with X-ray microbeams and performed time-lapse observations and found that irradiated cells did not remain in the organoid. These results suggest that radiation-induced stem cell competition can occur in intestinal organoids and contribute to a low risk of cancers at low-dose-rate exposures.
DEUTERIUM TRANSFER ANALYSIS INCLUDING FOOD CHAIN FROM SEAWATER INTO ABALONE
Authors: Shibata Toshihiro , Ishikawa Yoshio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tritium is released into the ocean from nuclear facilities located at coastal areas. In addition, tritiated water is decided to be released into the ocean from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant. Although released tritium concentration would be strictly controlled, impact of tritium on the marine products is major concern for the public. In this study, deuterium transfers from seawater into seaweed (ulva) and abalone were measured. In addition, organically bound deuterium (OBD) transfer from ulva into abalone was measured. OBD concentrations in ulva were saturated in 2 weeks and those in abalone were saturated in 6 months. Ulva and abalone were exposed to seawater containing 0.2% (mol-D/mol-H) deuterium. Maximum OBD concentrations in ulva were ~0.1% (mol-D/mol-H) and those in abalone muscle were ~0.035% (mol-D/mol-H). Numerical deuterium transfer model was constructed. Obtained numerical model well represented the OBD-enriched ulva feeding experiment.
Reassessment of candidate gene studies for idiopathic restless legs syndrome in a large genome-wide association study dataset of European ancestry
Authors: Schormair Barbara , Zhao Chen , Salminen Aaro V , Oexle Konrad , Winkelmann Juliane ,   International EU-RLS-GENE Consortium
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Several candidate gene studies have been published for idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) in populations of European ancestry, but the reported associations have not been confirmed in independent samples. Our aim was to reassess these findings in a large case–control dataset in order to evaluate their validity.

Methods
We screened PubMed for RLS candidate gene studies. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of the International EU-RLS-GENE Consortium as our replication sample, which provided genome-wide single-variant association data based on at most 17 220 individuals of European ancestry. We performed additional gene-based tests using the software MAGMA and assessed the power of our study using the genpwr R package.

Results
We identified 14 studies conducted in European samples which assessed 45 variants in 27 genes of which 5 variants had been reported as significantly associated. None of these individual variants were replicated in our GWAS-based reassessment (nominal p &gt; 0.05) and gene-based tests for the respective five genes ADH1B, GABRR3, HMOX1, MAOA, and VDR, were also nonsignificant (nominal p &gt; 0.05). Our replication dataset was well powered to detect the reported effects, even when adjusting for effect size overestimation due to winner’s curse. Power estimates were close to 100% for all variants.

Conclusion
In summary, none of the significant single-variant associations from candidate gene studies were confirmed in our GWAS dataset. Therefore, these associations were likely false positive. Our observations emphasize the need for large sample sizes and stringent significance thresholds in future association studies for RLS.
Structural brain connectivity in patients with restless legs syndrome: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Park Kang Min , Kim Keun Tae , Lee Dong Ah , Cho Yong Won 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To evaluate alterations of global and local structural brain connectivity in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS).

Methods
Patients with primary RLS and healthy controls were recruited at a sleep center where they underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain. We calculated the network measures of global and local structural brain connectivity based on the DTI in both groups using DSI studio program and a graph theory.

Results
A total of 69 patients with primary RLS and 51 healthy controls were included in the study. We found a significant difference in the global structural connectivity between the groups. The transitivity in the patients with RLS was lower than that in healthy controls (0.031 vs. 0.033, p = 0.035). Additionally, there were significant differences in the local structural connectivity between the groups. The characteristic path length (r = 0.283, p = 0.018), radius of graph (r = 0.260, p = 0.030), and diameter of graph (r = 0.280, p = 0.019) were all positively correlated with RLS severity, whereas the mean clustering coefficient (r = −0.327, p = 0.006), global efficiency (r = −0.272, p = 0.023), small-worldness index (r = −0.325, p = 0.006), and transitivity (r = −0.351, p = 0.003) were negatively correlated with RLS severity.

Conclusion
We identified changes in the global structural connectivity of patients with RLS using graph theory based on DTI, which showed decreased segregation in the brain network compared to healthy controls. These changes are well correlated with RLS severity. We also found changes in local structural connectivity, especially in regions involved in sensorimotor function, which suggests that these areas play a pivotal role in RLS. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of RLS symptoms.
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score in the ICU As a Predictor of Long-Term Survival After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Velho Tiago R. , Pereira Rafael Maniés , Paixão Tiago , Guerra Nuno Carvalho , Ferreira Ricardo , Corte-Real Hugo , Nobre Ângelo , Moita Luís Ferreira 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a predictor of mortality in ICU patients. Although it is widely used and has been validated as a reliable and independent predictor of mortality and morbidity in cardiac ICU, few studies correlate early postoperative SOFA with long-term survival.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational cohort study.

SETTING:
Tertiary academic cardiac surgery ICU.

PATIENTS:
One-thousand three-hundred seventy-nine patients submitted to cardiac surgery.

INTERVENTIONS:
SOFA 24 hours, SOFA 48 hours, mean, and highest SOFA scores were correlated with survival at 12 and 24 months. Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze differences in variables. Multivariate logistic regressions and likelihood ratio test were used to access the predictive modeling. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess accuracy of the variables in separating survivor from nonsurvivors.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Lower SOFA scores have better survival rates at 12 and 24 months. Highest SOFA and SOFA at 48 hours showed to be better predictors of outcome and to have higher accuracy in distinguishing survivors from nonsurvivors than initial SOFA and mean SOFA. A decreasing score during the first 48 hours had mortality rates of 4.9%, while an unchanged or increased score was associated with a mortality rate of 5.7%.

CONCLUSIONS:
SOFA score in the ICU after cardiac surgery correlated with survival at 12 and 24 months. Patients with lower SOFA scores had higher survival rates. Differences in survival at 12 months were better correlated with the absolute value at 48 hours than with its variation. SOFA score may be useful to predict long-term outcomes and to stratify patients with higher probability of mortality.
ACR-ABS-ASTRO Practice Parameter for the Performance of Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy
Authors: Woodhouse Kristina D. , Devlin Phillip M. , Kollmeier Marisa , Lin Lilie L. , Orio Peter , Ouhib Zoubir , Song Daniel , Viswanathan Akila N. , Watanabe Yoichi , Yu Yan , Small William , Schechter Naomi R. 
Published: April 2022

Aim/Objectives/Background:
The American College of Radiology (ACR), the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) have jointly developed the following practice parameter for the performance of low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. LDR brachytherapy is the application of radioactive sources in or on tumors in a clinical setting with therapeutic intent. The advantages of LDR brachytherapy include improving therapeutic ratios with lower doses to nontarget organs-at-risk and higher doses to a specific target.

Methods:
This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading. The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website (https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards) by the Committee on Practice Parameters—Radiation Oncology of the Commission on Radiation Oncology, in collaboration with ABS and ASTRO.

Results:
This practice parameter was developed to serve as a tool in the appropriate application of this evolving technology in the care of cancer patients or other patients with conditions where radiation therapy is indicated. It addresses clinical implementation of LDR brachytherapy including personnel qualifications, quality assurance standards, indications, and suggested documentation. This includes a contemporary literature search.

Conclusions:
This practice parameter is a tool to guide the use of LDR brachytherapy and does not assess relative clinical indication for LDR brachytherapy when compared with other forms of brachytherapy or external beam therapy, but to focus on the best practices required to deliver LDR brachytherapy safely and effectively, when clinically indicated. Comparative costs of versus other modalities therapy may also need to be considered.
Physician Understanding of and Beliefs About Leadership
Authors: Collins R. Thomas , Purington Natasha , Roth Stephen J. 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY

Goal:
Little is known about how physicians conceptualize leadership, what factors influence that conceptualization, and how their conceptualization may impact willingness to lead. We sought to explore how physicians conceptualize leadership.

Methods:
We conducted an exploratory study of data from a convenience sample of physicians across the United States using an anonymous, 54-item, online survey. We devised a novel leadership resonance score (LRS) to distinguish between leadership and management based on published definitions and prior pilot work. The activities fit on a spectrum from purely leadership actions to purely management actions, and we assigned a numeric value to each activity, allowing for quantification of a respondent’s conceptualization of leadership as either more managing or more leading.

Principal Findings:
There were 206 respondents (57% male; median age of 43 years [interquartile ranges, IQR: 32, 72]) who completed the survey. Respondents viewed leadership abilities to be highly important for physicians, with a median importance score of 80 (range 0–100, IQR: 50, 100). LRS indicated most physicians conflate leadership and management. Compared to other physicians, respondents assessed their own preparedness for leadership highly (median preparedness score: 70, IQR: 2, 100). Respondents’ assessment of their preparedness for leadership was associated with age (Spearman’s rho = 0.24, p < .001). LRS was not associated with preparedness for leadership (Spearman’s rho = 0.12, p = .08). “Aversion to politics” was the most common barrier to interest in leadership (45%, 93/206), with “loss of personal time” being second (30%, 62/206).

Applications to Practice:
Our data demonstrate physicians misunderstand the differences between leadership and management. We surmise that if an accurate conceptualization of leadership by physicians is associated with increased willingness to lead, then educational activities designed to improve physicians’ understanding of leadership could be beneficial in increasing physicians’ willingness to take on leadership positions. An increased willingness by physicians to take on leadership roles would ultimately have a positive impact not only on individual patient care, but also on the healthcare system as a whole.
The Role of 68Ga-DOTA-SSA PET/CT in the Management and Prediction of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Response for Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Lee Osher Ngo Yung , Tan Kel Vin , Tripathi Vrijesh , Yuan Hui , Chan Wendy Wing-Lok , Chiu Keith Wan Hang 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the role of 68Ga-DOTA–somatostatin analog (SSA) PET/CT in guiding treatment for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) based on published literature, with specific focus on the ability of PET/CT to impact clinical management and predict peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) response.

Patients and Methods
A systematic literature search of articles up to December 2021 was performed using PubMed and Scopus. Eligible studies included ≥10 patients with confirmed or suspected NETs who had undergone pretreatment staging 68Ga-DOTA-SSA PET/CT. A meta-analysis using the random-effects model was conducted to determine the overall change in management after PET/CT, whereas PET/CT-derived parameters that correlated with PRRT outcome were summarized from studies that assessed its predictive capabilities.

Results
A total of 39 studies were included in this systemic review, of which 2266 patients from 24 studies were included for meta-analysis. We showed that PET/CT resulted in a change in clinical management in 36% (95% confidence interval, 31%–41%; range, 3%–66%) of patients. Fifteen studies consisting of 618 patients examined the prognostic ability of 68Ga-DOTA-SSA PET/CT for PRRT. Of those, 8 studies identified a higher pretreatment SUV to favor PRRT, and 4 identified PET-based radiomic features for somatostatin receptor heterogeneity to be predictive of PRRT response.

Conclusions
Along with its diagnostic abilities, 68Ga-DOTA-SSA PET/CT can impact treatment decision-making and may predict PRRT response in patients with NETs. More robust studies should be conducted to better elucidate the prognostic role of somatostatin receptor PET/CT in optimizing treatment for clinical outcome.
An Exploratory Study to Assess the Impact of a Chair-Based Dance Intervention Among Older People With Depressive Symptoms in Residential Care
Authors: Ho Vanessa , Li Xiang , Smith Graeme D. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychological impact of a chair-based dance intervention for older people with depressive symptoms in residential care in Macau. In addition, feasibility and acceptability of this complex intervention were explored.

Methods:
An exploratory phase quasiexperimental study with pre- and posttest intervention was used. Psychological data for the study were collected using several self-reported questionnaires, including the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Short-Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 item (CD-RISC-10). In addition, sociodemographic characteristics were collected from the 13 residents who fully completed the study.

Results:
After receiving chair-based dance intervention, the mean GDS score (P = .001), mean MSPSS score (P = .000), mean UCLA-LS score (P = .000), and mean CD-RISC-10 score (P = .012) of the group improved with statistical significance. From the scores of the primary outcome, the GDS-15, item 2 “dropped many of your activities and interests” improved the most (−46%), followed by item 5 “in good spirits” (−43%), then item 3 “life is empty” (−33%) and item 7 “feel happy” (−33%).

Conclusion:
Our chair-based dance intervention may have a positive effect on decreasing symptoms of depression and improving other aspects of psychological well-being in older Chinese people in long-term residential care. In addition, chair-based dance would appear to be a safe, inexpensive, feasible, and acceptable form of intervention for rehabilitation in this setting. These findings provide valuable information to inform a full randomized controlled trial.
Disentangling Reversal-learning Impairments in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Ahmed Khadija , Mitchell Derek G.V. , Blair Mervin , Coleman Kristy , Pasternak Stephen H. , Ruiz-Garcia Ramiro , Finger Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Individuals with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often present with poor decision-making, which can affect both their financial and social situations. Delineation of the specific cognitive impairments giving rise to impaired decision-making in individuals with FTD may inform treatment strategies, as different neurotransmitter systems have been associated with distinct patterns of altered decision-making.

Objective:
To use a reversal-learning paradigm to identify the specific cognitive components of reversal learning that are most impaired in individuals with FTD and those with Alzheimer disease (AD) in order to inform future approaches to treatment for symptoms related to poor decision-making and behavioral inflexibility.

Method:
We gave 30 individuals with either the behavioral variant of FTD or AD and 18 healthy controls a stimulus-discrimination reversal-learning task to complete. We then compared performance in each phase between the groups.

Results:
The FTD group demonstrated impairments in initial stimulus-association learning, though to a lesser degree than the AD group. The FTD group also performed poorly in classic reversal learning, with the greatest impairments being observed in individuals with frontal-predominant atrophy during trials requiring inhibition of a previously advantageous response.

Conclusion:
Taken together, these results and the reversal-learning paradigm used in this study may inform the development and screening of behavioral, neurostimulatory, or pharmacologic interventions aiming to address behavioral symptoms related to stimulus-reinforcement learning and response inhibition impairments in individuals with FTD.