bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing adolescents’ healthy pregnancy preparation behavior: a cross-sectional gender comparison applying the health belief model
Authors: Kim Hae Won , Kang Saem Yi , Kim Jieun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Interventions to prepare for a healthy pregnancy from an early age can ensure the health of both mother and child. This study aims to compare the factors associated with healthy pregnancy preparation behavior (HPPB) among male and female adolescents.

Methods
A total of 690 Korean adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study from July 11 to August 24, 2018. Determinants of the likelihood of engaging in HPPB were described using hierarchical regression about the importance of and confidence in HPPB, the gender equality related to pregnancy and birth, and the health belief model (HBM) constructs about HPPB.

Results
Smoking experience (β = − 0.18, p < 0.001 for boys, β = − 0.25, p < 0.001 for girls), and HBM constructs were identified as factors correlated with HPPB in both genders. The significant factors in boys were perceived susceptibility (β = − 0.13, p = 0.005), perceived severity (β = 0.12, p = 0.015), perceived benefits (β = 0.23, p < 0.001), and perceived barriers (β = − 0.18, p < 0.001), whereas the corresponding factors in girls were perceived severity (β = 0.20, p = 0.001), and perceived barriers (β = − 0.23, p < 0.001). The importance of HPPB was identified as a factor only among girls (β = 0.19, p = 0.005), while confidence in HPPB (β = 0.12, p = 0.401), gender equality related to pregnancy and childbirth (β = − 0.20, p = 0.001 for women’s responsibility variable, β = 0.14, p = 0.018 for men’s responsibility variable), and alcohol (β = − 0.10, p = 0.022) were factors identified only among boys.

Conclusions
The gender differences in opinions on HPPB identified in this study can help nurses and community health care professionals recognize issues for which they can develop and implement preventive interventions. For healthy pregnancy preparation, interventions based on HBM constructs and smoking should be presented for both male and female adolescents. Imparting education to females on the importance of HPPB and to males on confidence in HPPB, gender equality related to pregnancy and childbirth, and alcohol consumption, should be emphasized. In addition, as perceived susceptibility may be low in a disease prevention model using the health belief model, it is necessary to prioritize increasing the perceived susceptibility of school-age children as an intervention.
Cell type determination for cardiac differentiation occurs soon after seeding of human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Jiang Connie L. , Goyal Yogesh , Jain Naveen , Wang Qiaohong , Truitt Rachel E. , Coté Allison J. , Emert Benjamin , Mellis Ian A. , Kiani Karun , Yang Wenli , Jain Rajan , Raj Arjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells consistently produces a mixed population of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiac cell types, even when using well-characterized protocols. We sought to determine whether different cell types might result from intrinsic differences in hiPS cells prior to the onset of differentiation.

Results
By associating individual differentiated cells that share a common hiPS cell precursor, we tested whether expression variability is predetermined from the hiPS cell state. In a single experiment, cells that shared a progenitor were more transcriptionally similar to each other than to other cells in the differentiated population. However, when the same hiPS cells were differentiated in parallel, we did not observe high transcriptional similarity across differentiations. Additionally, we found that substantial cell death occurs during differentiation in a manner that suggested all cells were equally likely to survive or die, suggesting that there is no intrinsic selection bias for cells descended from particular hiPS cell progenitors. We thus wondered how cells grow spatially during differentiation, so we labeled cells by expression of marker genes and found that cells expressing the same marker tended to occur in patches. Our results suggest that cell type determination across multiple cell types, once initiated, is maintained in a cell-autonomous manner for multiple divisions.

Conclusions
Altogether, our results show that while substantial heterogeneity exists in the initial hiPS cell population, it is not responsible for the variability observed in differentiated outcomes; instead, factors specifying the various cell types likely act during a window that begins shortly after the seeding of hiPS cells for differentiation.
Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a spatial repellent to reduce malaria incidence in children in Mali compared to placebo: study protocol for a cluster-randomized double-blinded control trial (the AEGIS program)
Authors: Van Hulle Suzanne , Sagara Issaka , Mbodji Momar , Nana Ghislain Ismael , Coulibaly Mamadou , Dicko Alassane , Kone Mamady , Thera Ismaila , Sylla Daman , Traore Mamadou Diango , Liu Fang , Grieco John P. , Achee Nicole L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpatial repellents have been widely used for the prevention of mosquito bites but their efficacy in reducing mosquito-borne diseases has never been evaluated in Africa. Additionally, spatial repellents have the potential of being critical tools in the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in contexts where typical vectors control efforts such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) are inaccessible or underutilized such as among displaced populations or in emergency relief settings. To address this knowledge gap, Kolondieba District, Sikasso Region, Mali was selected as a site to estimate the impact of the Mosquito Shield™, a spatial repellent that incorporates transfluthrin on a plastic sheet, on malaria-related outcomes. Over the past decade, the Region of Sikasso, Health districts of Kadiolo, Yorosso, and Kolondieba have remained among the most afflicted, characterized by an annual parasite incidence of more than 116 cases per 1000 population [1] and aPlasmodium falciparumprevalence rate of 29.7% [2].MethodsCluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, whereby children ≥ 6 months to < 10 years old will be enrolled and followed to determine the time to malaria infection with monthly blood samples for microscopic diagnosis. A total of 1920 subjects (HHs) will be enrolled in 60 clusters (30 spatial repellent, 30 placebo). Malaria incidence will be estimated and compared to demonstrate and quantify the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent, in reducing malaria infection. Monthly mosquito collections using CDC light traps will be conducted to determine if there are entomological correlates of spatial repellent efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new spatial repellents. Quarterly human landing catches (HLC) will assess the behavioral effects of the intervention.DiscussionFindings will serve as an efficacy trial of spatial repellent products for sub-Saharan Africa. Findings will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group (WHO VCAG) for assessment of whether spatial repellents have “public health value.” Entomological outcomes will also be measured as proxies of malaria transmission to help develop guidelines for the evaluation of future spatial repellent products.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04795648. Registered on March 12, 2021.
Concomitant sensory stimulation during therapy to enhance hand functional recovery post stroke
Authors: Seo Na Jin , Ramakrishnan Viswanathan , Woodbury Michelle L. , Bonilha Leonardo , Finetto Christian , Schranz Christian , Scronce Gabrielle , Coupland Kristen , Blaschke Jenna , Baker Adam , Howard Keith , Meinzer Caitlyn , Velozo Craig A. , Adams Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke hand impairment is prevalent and persistent even after a full course of rehabilitation. Hand diminishes stroke survivors’ abilities for activities of daily living and independence. One way to improve treatment efficacy is to augment therapy with peripheral sensory stimulation. Recently, a novel sensory stimulation, TheraBracelet, has been developed in which imperceptible vibration is applied during task practice through a wrist-worn device. The objective of this trial is to determine if combining TheraBracelet with hand task practice is superior to hand task practice alone.

Methods
A double-blind randomized controlled trial will be used. Chronic stroke survivors will undergo a standardized hand task practice therapy program (3 days/week for 6 weeks) while wearing a device on the paretic wrist. The device will deliver TheraBracelet vibration for the treatment group and no vibration for the control group. The primary outcome is hand function measured by the Wolf Motor Function Test. Other outcomes include the Box and Block Test, Action Research Arm Test, upper extremity use in daily living, biomechanical measure of the sensorimotor grip control, and EEG-based neural communication.

Discussion
This research will determine clinical utility of TheraBracelet to guide future translation. The TheraBracelet stimulation is delivered via a wrist-worn device, does not interfere with hand motion, and can be easily integrated into clinical practice. Enhancing hand function should substantially increase stroke survivors' independence and quality of life and reduce caregiver burden.

Trial registration
NCT04569123. Registered on September 29, 2020
Large variations in hospital pricing for standard procedures revealed
Authors: Shen Chan , Moss Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
The CMS mandated hospital price transparency reporting on January 1, 2021 aiming to empower patients, enhance market competition, and curtail healthcare costs in the US. We aimed to characterize variability in hospital pricing reported by 1982 hospitals on six standard procedures (including abdominal ultrasound, diagnostic colonoscopy, kidney function blood test panel, knee arthroscopic cartilage removal, magnetic resonance imaging scan of brain, and pelvis computed tomography scan with contrast), with a particular focus on variations in pricing by insurance plan type.

Results
We found substantial heterogeneity across insurance plan types. The minimum number of prices reported was 18,679 for knee arthroscopic cartilage removal (reported by 908 hospitals, average = 21 prices/hospital), while the maximum number of prices reported was 44,921 for abdominal ultrasound (reported by 1861 hospitals, average = 24 prices/hospital). In general, reported hospital pricing was highest for the list price, followed by cash price and prices negotiated with commercial insurance plans. Government insurance, including Medicare, Medicaid and Veterans/Tricare plans, had much lower prices. However, prices were very heterogeneous with substantial overlaps between pricing for all plan types. The coefficients of variation for all procedures exceeded 100%, ranging from 106% for knee arthroscopic cartilage removal to 397% for kidney function blood test panel.
Overcrowded housing increases risk for COVID-19 mortality: an ecological study
Authors: Varshney Karan , Glodjo Talia , Adalbert Jenna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Overcrowded housing is a sociodemographic variable associated with increased infection and mortality rates from communicable diseases. It is not well understood if this association exists for COVID-19. Our objective was hence to determine the association between household overcrowding and risk of mortality from COVID-19, and this was done by performing bivariable and multivariable analyses using COVID-19 data from cities in Los Angeles County.

Results
Bivariate regression revealed that overcrowded households were positively associated with COVID-19 deaths (standardized β = 0.863, p < 0.001). COVID-19 case totals, people aged 60+, and the number of overcrowded households met conditions for inclusion in the backwards stepwise linear regression model. Analysis revealed all independent variables were positively associated with mortality rates, primarily for individuals 60 + (standardized β1 = 0.375, p = 0.001), followed by overcrowded households (standardized β2 = 0.346, p = 0.014), and total COVID-19 cases (standardized β3 = 0.311, p < 0.001). Our findings highlight that residing in overcrowded households may be an important risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Public health entities should consider this population when allocating resources for prevention and control of COVID-19 mortality and future disease outbreaks.
Use of holmium laser for umbilical cord transection in a monoamniotic pregnancy threatened by an acardiac co-twin: a case report
Authors: van der Schot Anouk M. , Jeltes Claire , van Drongelen Joris , Woiski Mallory , Sikkel Esther , Vandenbussche Frank P. H. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic multifetal pregnancies. In this syndrome, the acardiac twin has a nonfunctional heart, while the other twin, the pump twin, has normal development. The pump twin perfuses the acardiac twin and is therefore at risk for cardiac decompensation. In monoamniotic cases, the normal co-twin is also at risk of sudden death due to cord entanglement. Treatment consists of coagulation and transection of the acardiac’s umbilical cord. We report the first intrauterine use in pregnancy of a Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet laser to safely and successfully transect the umbilical cord after Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet coagulation.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to our fetal–maternal medicine unit at 9 weeks gestation with a monochorionic–monoamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by an acardiac twin. After counseling, she opted for an elective intervention to minimize the risks to the pump twin. At 16 weeks, fetoscopy was performed using a single 2-mm entry port. Through this port, a 1.0-mm fetoscope and a 0.365-mm laser fiber were introduced. Under fetoscopic sight and ultrasound (Doppler) guidance, the umbilical cord of the acardiac twin was first coagulated by laser energy using a Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser and then, using the same fiber, transected using a Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The patient underwent cesarean section at 38 weeks and delivered a healthy baby.

Conclusions
We present the first report on intrauterine use of an Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet laser in human pregnancy. Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet laser energy can be successfully and safely used for umbilical cord transection and carries fewer risks than other methods of transection.
Beyond household income: the role of commercial vegetable farming in moderating socio-cultural barriers for women in rural Nepal
Authors: Balayar Ramesh , Mazur Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Promoting rural women’s agricultural entrepreneurship in the Global South has become a major policy and program priority for governments and development partners. Women’s income earning is viewed as a pathway to their empowerment and gender equality. The research goal was to understand how patriarchal socio-cultural norms and practices influence women’s participation in commercial vegetable farming (CVF) in the mid-hills of Sudurpashchim Pradesh, Nepal, and identify the specific and evolving strategies that women use to negotiate these changes.

Methodology
Data for the study were generated through in-depth interviews with 16 smallholder couples, eight each in Dadeldhura and Achham districts. Additionally, 17 key informants who were government agency and development organization agriculture support officials at the district and national level were interviewed. Besides in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs) with women’s groups, women leaders, development actors, and government officials at district, regional, and national level were also conducted. Interview data analysis using NVivo was complemented with field notes, observations and government agency and development organization reports.

Results
CVF possibilities initially motivated a few women to discuss with their husbands, organize self-help groups, and seek development program subsidies. With strong support from husbands and parents-in-law, they actively engage in CVF, generate income, form cooperatives for savings and credit, and improve household food security and their own economic status. CVF-associated groups, cooperatives, meetings, exposure visits, skill development training, knowledge sharing, counseling, and advocacy are vital tools. Through them, women build self-confidence, contest and transform entrenched socio-cultural barriers, and negotiate new socio-cultural norms and practices within and outside the household. Dissolving gender stereotypes regarding the division of labor in CVF plays a significant role in encouraging more women to join CVF and increases gender parity. However, a diminishing minority of women still struggle to overcome the legacy of prior negative experiences and subconsciously fear community backlash, especially regarding extended travel outside their village.

Conclusion
Socio-cultural practices restricting women’s income-generating roles can be transformed through investment in women’s group initiatives, enhancing husbands’ and wives’ communication and livelihood planning, and community members increased appreciation for women’s role in contributing household income and food security.
Chain and silk: alternative futures of blockchain governance in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Anvar kyzy Saikal , Dunn Gregory J. , Sweeney John A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFew technologies have been mired in hype more than blockchain, which is the underlying peer-to-peer network protocol for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Given the technology’s emphasis on purported “immutable ledgers” and trust-less sharing models, there has been a great deal of interest in applying blockchain to democratic reforms. From localized decision-making to national-scale voting systems, blockchain has spurred a surge of interest in how democracy might “get a software update”. While significant research exists on socio-technological imaginaries (perceptions) and potential applications (experiments) within the Global North, few studies have looked at more dynamic contexts, particularly Central Asia. In light of the violence surrounding elections in October 2020 and previous revolutions against the country’s central government, the status of democracy in Kyrgyzstan is, at best, fragile and, at worst, non-existent. This article explores alternative futures scenarios for localized, blockchain-driven governance futures in Kyrgyzstan and concludes with a proposal for deeper investigation.
Implementation of exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease—results of a survey of CEDATA-GPGE reporting centers
Authors: Peters Sarah , Cantez Serdar , De Laffolie Jan ,   CEDATA Study Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the first-line therapy for pediatric-onset Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. CEDATA-GPGE® is the largest patient registry for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Europe, collecting data from over 5000 patients since 2004 in Germany and Austria. Since the application of EEN over 8 weeks is difficult and a high dropout rate is often described, the mode of application including a supporting structure is crucial for success. The aim of this study was to ascertain the variation in the application of EEN across the participating centers and to associate these with the outcome.ResultsThirty-one centers responded to the survey (81.6%). 88.5% of CD patients were recommended EEN for induction therapy, 71.8% actually started with EEN, and 22.1% terminated the EEN prematurely. The duration of EEN typically lasted 6 to 8 weeks, and the polymeric formula was mainly used. 80.6% of the clinics added flavorings to the formulas. After EEN, the most preferred diet for maintenance therapy was a healthy, well-balanced diet considering individual intolerances.ConclusionsEEN is widely recommended as an induction therapy by the German and Austrian pediatric gastroenterologists for children and adolescents with CD. However, this questionnaire-based study has shown a wide variation in EEN protocols used by the different pediatric clinics of CEDATA-GPGE®.
Equal opportunities for all? Analyzing within-country variation in school effectiveness
Authors: Steinmann Isa , Olsen Rolf Vegar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study addresses the equality of school effectiveness across schools. One central aim of compulsory education is for students to learn equally well at all schools in a country even if these schools differ in terms of student composition. However, measuring equality of learning gains independently from selection effects usually requires longitudinal data. This study suggests a different approach and proposes a new measure for the equality of school effectiveness across schools.

Methods
We applied a two-level regression discontinuity approach to estimate the between-school variation in added-year effects on mathematics and science achievement that result from an additional year of schooling, after controlling for the effects of age and student selection—i.e., between-school differences in achievement levels. We utilized data from a total of 13 samples. These stemmed from Nordic and other European countries, which assessed students from two adjacent grades at the same schools. The samples stemmed from TIMSS 1995 and 2015 and both primary and secondary school levels.

Results
The main findings indicated that although schools differed in initial achievement levels in all samples, schools in some countries, such as Norway and Cyprus, attained a high degree of equality of school effectiveness—i.e., of the effect of an additional year of schooling. Despite the fact that schools with a more privileged student composition had higher achievement levels than less privileged schools, their school effectiveness did not usually differ significantly. Both age and an additional year of schooling resulted in positive effects on mathematics and science achievement, however, effect sizes differed considerably between the 13 samples.

Conclusions
We discuss the implications of the proposed school effectiveness measure, which is based on a regression discontinuity approach. We conclude that countries, such as Nordic ones, should consider extending their participation in international large-scale assessments with additional grades from the same schools in future cycles. This design would enable a multitude of robust school effectiveness studies in the future.