bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas fluorescens NK4 siderophore promotes plant growth and biocontrol in cucumber
Authors: Al-Karablieh Nehaya , Al-Shomali Ibrahim , Al-Elaumi Lina , Hasan Khaled 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
To test the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) supplementation for enhancing the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens NK4 siderophore as a biocontrol agent against P. viridiflava NK2 and a plant growth promoter.

Methods and Results
Cucumber seedlings were treated with a suspension of P. fluorescens NK4 and its siderophore generated in siderophore-inducing medium (SIM), SIM supplemented with ZnO-NP (&lt;100 nm) and SIM supplemented with Zn2+ ions from Zn(NO3)2. Supplementing SIM with ZnO-NP increased siderophore secretion in P. fluorescens NK4, and irrigation of cucumber seedlings with a filtrate containing the ZnO-NP-supplemented siderophore increased survival, improved vegetative and root growth, and thus increased yield similar to the effects of dipping seedlings in a P. fluorescens NK4 suspension. Both P. fluorescens NK4 and its ZnO-NP-supplemented siderophore inhibited P. viridiflava NK2 population growth in planta.

Conclusions
The siderophore of P. fluorescens NK4 produced by ZnO-NP supplementation can be employed as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer.

Significance and Impact of the Study
ZnO-NPs can boost the synthesis of siderophores, which can then be employed as biofertilizers to boost iron bioavailability in iron-deficient soils.
Ownership concentration and firm risk: The moderating role of mid‐sized blockholders
Authors: Rossetto Silvia , Selmane Nassima , Staglianò Raffaele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between mid‐sized blockholders and firm risk. We show that ownership structure matters for firm risk beyond the first largest blockholder. Firms with multiple blockholders take more risk than firms with just one blockholder, even when controlling for the stake of the largest blockholder. Consistent with the diversification argument, we find that firm risk increases by 22% when the number of blockholders increases from one to two. Our results are robust to controlling for blockholder type and firm characteristics. We carry out various robustness checks to tackle endogeneity issues. More generally, we provide evidence that firms’ decisions are affected by mid‐sized blockholders and not merely the largest blockholder. This is in line with theoretical predictions.
The Nature of Societal Conflict in Europe; an Archetypal Analysis of the Postmodern Cosmopolitan, Rural Traditionalist and Urban Precariat
Authors: Beugelsdijk Sjoerd , van Herk Hester , Maseland Robbert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe analyse the nature of contemporary societal conflict in Europe, conceptualizing conflict in terms of oppositional identities, represented by the archetypal extreme corner positions between which contestation takes place. By analysing key characteristics of 28,565 Europeans from seven countries in four distinct time periods, we find three archetypal corner positions. Each archetype represents an ideal‐typical configuration of values, attitudes and socio‐demographic characteristics which people identify more or less with. The first archetype (which we label Postmodern Cosmopolitan) represents an urban, higher‐educated person with cosmopolitan values and attitudes. The other two archetypes (Rural traditionalist and Urban Precariat) present images of Europe that are more nationalistic and differ in their political‐economic ideological position. Western and Eastern European countries differ markedly in the distribution of these archetypes over time. The novelty of this paper is our conceptualization and operationalization of the changing nature of societal conflict as changes in oppositional identities.
Inactivation of viruses related to foodborne infections using cold plasma technology
Authors: Thirumdas Rohit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobally, there is a rise in day‐to‐day demand for minimally processed foods to supply nutritious, wholesomeness and safe foods to the consumers. Contamination of food by pathogens is a serious problem resulting in several outbreaks. Food pathogens like molds, bacteria were detectable and can be inactivated. The virus detection in foods is always a difficult task as their presence could not alter any noticeable change in the quality. Norovirus, Hepatitis A viruses are well‐known for their foodborne outbreaks and illnesses. Enveloped viruses are resistant and have the stability to the current traditional preservation methods due to the presence of a protective capsid layer and an envelope. The current thermal processing has shown significant effect on the product quality. The use of chemical disinfestation compounds is not suitable for food commodities. There is a need for alternative nonthermal food processing technologies for decontamination of food and food packages and preserving the food quality as well. Cold plasma is one of the emerging nonthermal, chemical‐free residues, and eco‐friendly technology widely being applied to the different food sectors. The main antiviral mechanism is the disruption of the capsid protein layer, the oxidation and denaturation of viral proteins. The method has also caused damage to the envelope layer and genetic material. This review focuses on cold plasma inactivation efficiency on different viruses.
Calibration by differentiation – Self‐supervised calibration for X‐ray microscopy using a differentiable cone‐beam reconstruction operator
Authors: Thies Mareike , Wagner Fabian , Huang Yixing , Gu Mingxuan , Kling Lasse , Pechmann Sabrina , Aust Oliver , Grüneboom Anika , Schett Georg , Christiansen Silke , Maier Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution X‐ray microscopy (XRM) is gaining interest for biological investigations of extremely small‐scale structures. XRM imaging of bones in living mice could provide new insights into the emergence and treatment of osteoporosis by observing osteocyte lacunae, which are holes in the bone of few micrometres in size. Imaging living animals at that resolution, however, is extremely challenging and requires very sophisticated data processing converting the raw XRM detector output into reconstructed images. This paper presents an open‐source, differentiable reconstruction pipeline for XRM data which analytically computes the final image from the raw measurements. In contrast to most proprietary reconstruction software, it offers the user full control over each processing step and, additionally, makes the entire pipeline deep learning compatible by ensuring differentiability. This allows fitting trainable modules both before and after the actual reconstruction step in a purely data‐driven way using the gradient‐based optimizers of common deep learning frameworks. The value of such differentiability is demonstrated by calibrating the parameters of a simple cupping correction module operating on the raw projection images using only a self‐supervisory quality metric based on the reconstructed volume and no further calibration measurements. The retrospective calibration directly improves image quality as it avoids cupping artefacts and decreases the difference in grey values between outer and inner bone by 68–94%. Furthermore, it makes the reconstruction process entirely independent of the XRM manufacturer and paves the way to explore modern deep learning reconstruction methods for arbitrary XRM and, potentially, other flat‐panel computed tomography systems. This exemplifies how differentiable reconstruction can be leveraged in the context of XRM and, hence, is an important step towards the goal of reducing the resolution limit of in vivo bone imaging to the single micrometre domain.
The effect of subjective well‐being on consumption behavior
Authors: Dominko Miha , Verbič Miroslav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe article studies the causal effect of subjective well‐being on the consumption behavior of individuals aged 50 and above using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). To establish a causal link between subjective well‐being and six distinct types of consumption (food consumed at home, food consumed outside of home, spending on clothing, leisure consumption, monthly rent, and utility consumption), it exploits the longitudinal dimension of the dataset and instruments for subjective well‐being. The analysis reveals that subjective well‐being positively affects spending on food outside of home and leisure activities, while having no significant effect on the consumption of food consumed at home, clothing, monthly rent, and utilities. These results imply that people with higher levels of subjective well‐being are more engaged in social and leisure activities, such as going out for dinner, which offers important implications for both long‐term, as well as habitual buying behavior.
Is music piracy over? Comparing music piracy attitudes and behaviors between young generations
Authors: Borja Karla , Dieringer Suzanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo understand and predict the consumer patterns of generational groups within a highly technological world, it is critical to study their experiences, social views, and attitudes about music. Today, limited information is available to the research community about “Gen Z,” a population group that recently entered college life and the next largest consumer group after the Millennials. This study aims at closing this gap by exploring and comparing distinctive patterns and consumer behavior in the music market between Gen Z and Millennials. Using a group of 1624 college students from two universities in the United States, we found that Gen Z is less prone to music piracy than Millennials, and those who pirate music tend to share similar social norms, a limited understanding of copyright infringements, and poor views about the music industry. New technologies are also transforming the way future generations are drawn into music piracy. We conclude that music infringement will continue to be an ethical dilemma and the industry should continue in its effort to design consumer policies to assist young generations.
Adherence of Candida albicans to Five Long‐Term Silicone‐Based Denture Lining Materials Bonded to CAD‐CAM Denture Base
Authors: Tasopoulos Theodoros , Vrioni Georgia , Naka Olga , Diamantatou Theodora , Zoidis Panagiotis , Tsakris Athanasios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeKnowledge about quantifying the number as well as the retention and adhesion of Candida albicans blastoconidia to silicone denture liners is limited. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to explore the adherence of C. albicans to the surface of five long‐term silicone‐based soft denture lining materials, using artificial saliva.Materials and methodsA total of 50 specimens (10 × 10 × 3 mm) of five long‐term resilient liners (Molloplast‐B; GC Reline Soft; Elite Soft Relining; Tokuyama Sofreliner S; Ufigel SC), bonded to a computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing denture base, were prepared. The specimens were inoculated and incubated in artificial saliva for 1 and 24 hours with a standardized (2.8 × 106 cfu/ml) C. albicans suspension. At the end of the incubation period, the specimens were stained with acridine orange and observed using fluorescence microscopy.ResultsAfter 1 hour and in 24 hours, Molloplast B demonstrated significantly earlier adherence of C. albicans cells compared to the other chairside materials (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), where the mean number of cells also increased in the frontal parts. Regarding the rate of C. albicans proliferation from 1 to 24 hours within the materials, there was an increase in all materials (Molloplast B: p < 0.001; GC Reline Soft: p = 0.220; Elite Soft Relining: p = 0.032; Tokuyama Sofreliner S: p = 0.001; Ufigel Sc: p = 0.001). The Ufigel Sc showed a significant 2.5‐fold increase at 24 hours.ConclusionsLong‐term silicone denture liners accumulate a significant amount of C. albicans blastoconidia and their coverage by them increases progressively over time.
Effects of cold stress on growth performance, carcass traits and tibia attributes in broiler chickens with thiram‐induced dyschondroplasia
Authors: Saeedi Sadaf , Hassanabadi Ahmad , Zaeemi Mahdieh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cold stress (CS) on growth performance and tibia attributes in broiler chickens with thiram‐induced dyschondroplasia (TD). Four hundred 10‐day‐old male broilers were randomly allocated into four groups including, NT0: normal temperature (NT) without thiram; NT50: NT + thiram; CS0: CS without thiram; and CS50: CS + thiram in a completely randomised. The birds in CS groups were placed at a constant temperature of 15 ± 1°C during 11–20 days. Thiram (50 mg/kg) was added to the diet during 11–14 days to induce TD. Results showed that main effects of CS and thiram significantly decreased body weight and daily weight gain during 11–42 days (p < 0.05). Feed intake in the thiram50 group was significantly lower than the group thiram0 during 25–42 days (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio in CS birds was significantly more than NT group during 25–42 days (p < 0.05). On day 16, tibia width (TW) and TW to tibia length (TL) ratio were significantly higher in CS chicks compared to the NT group. TW was significantly higher in thiram50 group than thiram0 group (p < 0.05). On day 19, TL in CS chicks was significantly shorter than NT (p < 0.05). On day 23, growth plate width (GPW) in thiram50 group was significantly higher than thiram0 birds. In general, thiram increased tibial GPW and CS decreased TD severity as well as decreased growth performance in broilers.
Turkish‐Jordanian Relations: Between Change and Stability
Authors: Köprülü Nur , Ergüven Hüseyin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRelations between Turkey and the Kingdom of Jordan have been among the most stable in the Middle East. This article argues that, nevertheless, the relationship gained momentum following the Arab uprisings, which forced both countries to tackle mounting security concerns. One major challenge has been the influx of a huge number of Syrian refugees accompanying the continued instability in Syria, as well as the prolonged Palestinian‐Israeli dispute and the destabilizing impact of sectarian cleavages in Iraq since 2003. What is more, the new power balance since 2011 has alarmed both Turkey and Jordan, and motivated them to reinforce the goal of regional order and stability. Within this changing context of the redistribution of power in the Middle East, the aim of this article is to explore the motivations of each country to perceive the other as a “partner,” specifically in the post‐uprisings era, as well as the limitations to such a partnership.
Cytochrome c and the transcription factor ABI4 establish a molecular link between mitochondria and ABA‐dependent seed germination
Authors: Racca Sofía , Gras Diana E. , Canal M. Victoria , Ferrero Lucía V. , Rojas Bruno E. , Figueroa Carlos M. , Ariel Federico D. , Welchen Elina , Gonzalez Daniel H. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

During germination, seed reserves are mobilised to sustain the metabolic and energetic demands of plant growth. Mitochondrial respiration is presumably required to drive germination in several species, but only recently its role in this process has begun to be elucidated.

Using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with changes in the levels of the respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), we investigated the role of this protein in germination and its relationship with hormonal pathways.

Cytochrome c deficiency causes delayed seed germination, which correlates with decreased cyanide‐sensitive respiration and ATP production at the onset of germination. In addition, CYTc affects the sensitivity of germination to abscisic acid (ABA), which negatively regulates the expression of CYTC‐2, one of two CYTc‐encoding genes in Arabidopsis. CYTC‐2 acts downstream of the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4), which binds to a region of the CYTC‐2 promoter required for repression by ABA and regulates its expression.

The results show that CYTc is a main player during seed germination through its role in respiratory metabolism and energy production. In addition, the direct regulation of CYTC‐2 by ABI4 and its effect on ABA‐responsive germination establishes a link between mitochondrial and hormonal functions during this process.
Factors affecting quality of life in keratoconus
Authors: Gothwal Vijaya K , Gujar Ramkailash , Sharma Sujata , Begum Nazia , Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo identify the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) in adults with keratoconus, using the disease‐specific Keratoconus Outcomes Research Questionnaire (KORQ).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 574 patients with keratoconus completed the 29‐item KORQ (18‐item activity limitations and 11‐item symptoms subscales) and demographic information. Based on mean corneal curvature to grade keratoconus severity, participants were categorised into four groups: mild <48 dioptres [D]; moderate: 48 to 53 D; advanced: 54 to 55 D and severe: >55D. Rasch analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties and to score the KORQ. Multivariable regression was performed to determine the independent impact of age, sex, laterality, severity and duration of keratoconus, education, employment status and mode of treatment for keratoconus on activity limitations and symptoms.ResultsMean (SD) age was 24.5 (5.1) years. 304 (53%), 160 (28%), 26 (4%) and 84 (15%) belonged to keratoconus groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Rasch analysis demonstrated the ‘activity limitations’ and ‘symptoms’ KORQ subscales to possess good psychometric properties. Statistically significant associations were found between activity limitation score and the following measures: visual acuity (VA) in the better‐seeing eye (r = −0.10, p = 0.01); VA in the worse‐seeing eye (r = −0.09, p = 0.04) and ocular aberrations (r = −0.13, p = 0.008) in the worse‐seeing eye. Statistically significant associations were also found between symptoms score and mean corneal curvature in the better‐seeing eye (r = −0.10, p = 0.02). In regression models, female sex was associated with 21% worse symptom score than male (β = −0.33, 95% CI, −0.09, −0.59, p = 0.01) and working people experienced clinically and statistically significantly greater trouble from symptoms compared to those not working (β =0.44, 95% CI, 0.17, 0.70, p = 0.001).ConclusionsPeople with keratoconus have poorer QoL in terms of activity limitations if they have poorer VA and greater wavefront aberrations, and in terms of symptoms if they are female and employed.
A new technique for controlling intractable pain in lumbar spinal stenosis using steroid injection to ligamentum flavum: A case series
Authors: Rho Jeong Ho , Yoon Chung Dae , Kim Gahee , Kang Hee Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLumbar spinal stenosis is a common degenerative disease that causes low back and lower‐extremity pain that increases with age. The treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis is either conservative or surgical. ESI is a commonly performed conservative treatment, but evidence of its effectiveness in lumbar spinal stenosis is limited.Case seriesWe encountered the three patients with back pain and claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis, which could not be controlled by conservative therapy including ESIs. Trimacinolone acetonide was injected into the patients' ligamentum flavum. All patients experienced dramatic improvement in their symptoms.ConclusionsTrimacinolone acetonide injection into the ligamentum flavum may be effective for lumbar spinal stenosis that does not improve with ESIs.
A single promoter‐TALE system for tissue‐specific and tuneable expression of multiple genes in rice
Authors: Danila Florence , Schreiber Tom , Ermakova Maria , Hua Lei , Vlad Daniela , Lo Shuen‐Fang , Chen Yi‐Shih , Lambret‐Frotte Julia , Hermanns Anna S. , Athmer Benedikt , von Caemmerer Susanne , Yu Su‐May , Hibberd Julian M. , Tissier Alain , Furbank Robert T. , Kelly Steven , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIn biological discovery and engineering research, there is a need to spatially and/or temporally regulate transgene expression. However, the limited availability of promoter sequences that are uniquely active in specific tissue‐types and/or at specific times often precludes co‐expression of multiple transgenes in precisely controlled developmental contexts. Here, we developed a system for use in rice that comprises synthetic designer transcription activator‐like effectors (dTALEs) and cognate synthetic TALE‐activated promoters (STAPs). The system allows multiple transgenes to be expressed from different STAPs, with the spatial and temporal context determined by a single promoter that drives expression of the dTALE. We show that two different systems—dTALE1‐STAP1 and dTALE2‐STAP2—can activate STAP‐driven reporter gene expression in stable transgenic rice lines, with transgene transcript levels dependent on both dTALE and STAP sequence identities. The relative strength of individual STAP sequences is consistent between dTALE1 and dTALE2 systems but differs between cell‐types, requiring empirical evaluation in each case. dTALE expression leads to off‐target activation of endogenous genes but the number of genes affected is substantially less than the number impacted by the somaclonal variation that occurs during the regeneration of transformed plants. With the potential to design fully orthogonal dTALEs for any genome of interest, the dTALE‐STAP system thus provides a powerful approach to fine‐tune the expression of multiple transgenes, and to simultaneously introduce different synthetic circuits into distinct developmental contexts.
Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Different Responses to UVA and UVB Radiation in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Zhao Qinqin , Chen Yueyue , Qu Liping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is a major risk factor for many cutaneous pathologies including skin aging and cancers. Despite decades of research, the different responses to UVA and UVB in human keratinocytes have not been systemically investigated. Here, we performed multi‐omics to characterize the common and different changes in gene transcription and protein expression after exposure to UVB and UVA, respectively. Keratinocyte cells, treated with or without UV, were analyzed by TMT‐labeled MS/MS spectra and RNA‐sequencing. A common set of genes/proteins was found to be impacted by both UVA and UVB and the other differential genes/proteins showed wavelength specificity. The common set of genes/proteins were mainly involved in keratinization, lipid metabolic processes and stimulus response. The UVB specifically responsive genes/proteins were mainly related to RNA processing, gene silencing regulation and cytoskeleton organization. The UVA specifically responsive genes/proteins were mainly involved in vesicle‐mediated transport and oxygen‐containing compound response. Meanwhile, the hub differential genes/proteins in each set were identified by protein–protein interaction networks and cluster analysis. This work provided a global view of the similar and differential molecular mechanisms of UVB‐ and UVA‐induced cell damage in keratinocytes, which would be beneficial for further studies in the prevention or treatment of UV‐related pathologies.