bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Protective Effect in a Nationwide Cohort Study of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Sweden
Authors: Lindblad Mats , Ye Weimin , Rubio Carlos , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground: The global pattern of male predominance in gastric cancer incidence remains unexplained. We tested the hypothesis that estrogen prevents gastric cancer in a cohort of men heavily exposed to estrogen.Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study of men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer recorded in the Swedish Cancer Register in 1961-2000. Because estrogen therapy was the treatment of choice for prostate cancer in Sweden between 1950 and 1980, cohort members diagnosed earlier than 1980 were considered exposed to estrogen. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) estimated relative risk. Complete follow-up was achieved through cross-linkages within the cancer register and the Swedish nationwide registers of emigration and causes of death.Results: In 515,961 person-years of follow-up, we observed 304 gastric cancers as compared with 349 expected for the cohort members in the predefined “exposed” period 1961-1980, rendering a 13% decreased risk (SIR, 0.87; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.78-0.98). Among patients with a latency of ≥15 years after a prostate cancer diagnosis in 1961-1980, SIR was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.30-0.97), suggesting a dose-response relation. Similarly, reduced risks were found for cardia cancer and noncardia gastric cancer. No decreased risk was found for the cohort members in 1981-2000, when estrogen treatment was less common (SIR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89-1.11).Conclusions: Our study indicates a reduced risk of gastric cancer in a male cohort exposed to estrogen. These results support the hypothesis that estrogen may prevent gastric cancer, but additional studies are warranted.
Association between the Risk for Lung Adenocarcinoma and a (−4) G-to-A Polymorphism in the XPA Gene
Authors: Butkiewicz Dorota , Popanda Odilia , Risch Angela , Edler Lutz , Dienemann Hendrik , Schulz Volker , Kayser Klaus , Drings Peter , Bartsch Helmut , Schmezer Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polymorphisms of genes coding for DNA repair can affect lung cancer risk. A common single nucleotide (−4) G-to-A polymorphism was identified previously in the 5′ untranslated region of the XPA gene. In a case-control study in European Caucasians, the influence of this polymorphism on primary lung cancer risk overall and according to histologic subtypes was investigated. Four hundred sixty-three lung cancer cases (including 204 adenocarcinoma and 212 squamous cell carcinoma) and 460 tumor-free hospital controls were investigated using PCR amplification and melting point analysis of sequence-specific hybridization probes. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, smoking habits, and occupational exposure and showed a slightly enhanced risk for all lung cancer cases as well as for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cases. Gene-environment interactions were analyzed with respect to smoking and occupational exposure. A nearly 3-fold increased risk for adenocarcinoma associated with the XPA AA genotype was observed for occupationally exposed individuals (OR, 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-6.14) and for heavy smokers (OR, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-5.42). No genotype-dependent increase in OR was found for nonexposed individuals or those smoking &lt;20 pack-years. The significant effect of the XPA polymorphism in heavy smokers and occupationally exposed individuals suggests an important gene-environment interaction for the XPA gene. The underlying mechanisms as to why AA homozygotes are predisposed to lung adenocarcinoma and which specific carcinogens are involved remains to be determined.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-1, IGF-Binding Protein-3, and Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers
Authors: Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Limburg Paul , Pollak Michael , Taylor Philip R. , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To investigate whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are prospectively associated with exocrine pancreatic cancer, we conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort of 29,133 male Finnish smokers, aged 50–69 years. To avoid the potential influence of subclinical cancer on IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, all subjects in this study were alive without clinical evidence of cancer during their 5th year of the cohort follow-up. Four hundred randomly selected cohort controls and 93 incident pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases that occurred between their 5th follow-up year through 1997 (i.e., up to 12.7 years of follow-up) were included in this study. Concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured in serum samples obtained at baseline using ELISA. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusted for confounders. Neither IGF-1, IGFBP-3, nor the IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer: highest compared to lowest tertile, OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.37–1.21, P trend = 0.17; OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.38–1.27, P trend = 0.12; and OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.50–1.46, P trend = 0.54, respectively. Our results do not support the hypothesis that serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations are associated with pancreatic cancer risk among male smokers. Further studies are necessary to evaluate these associations in other populations.
Smoking Status and Occupational Exposure Affects Oxidative DNA Injury in Boilermakers Exposed to Metal Fume and Residual Oil Fly Ash
Authors: Mukherjee Sutapa , Palmer Lyle J. , Kim Jee Young , Aeschliman David B. , Houk Robert S. , Woodin Mark A. , Christiani David C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies demonstrate increased cancer incidence among workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals, probably through cumulative oxidative DNA damage in response to carcinogens. Boilermakers are exposed to particulates of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) and metal fume that contain carcinogenic PAH and metals. We conducted a repeated-measures cohort study in boilermakers during the overhaul of an oil-fired boiler to determine a possible association between the level of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG; an oxidative injury biomarker) and biomarkers of PAH (1-hydroxypyrene; 1-OHP) and metal exposure. Preshift and postshift urine samples were analyzed for 8-OH-dG, cotinine, 1-OHP, and metals. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the multivariate relationship of 8-OH-dG to the explanatory variables of interest. Biomarker levels were determined for 181 urine samples from 20 male subjects (mean age 45 years, 50% smokers). Metal and 1-OHP levels increased cross-week and were affected by smoking status. Levels of 8-OH-dG were higher in nonsmokers at the start of the workweek yet declined after occupational exposure to similar levels as in smokers. Multivariate analysis indicated that metal × cotinine interaction terms for nickel, vanadium, chromium, and copper were significantly associated with the 8-OH-dG level, but there were differential effects depending on the metal. This study suggests that oxidative DNA damage in boilermakers is influenced by the interaction between occupational exposures and smoking status. In addition, boilermakers may have reduced ability to repair damaged DNA after ROFA and metal fume exposure. This finding has clinical relevance because these exposures may increase the cancer susceptibility of boilermakers.
Agricultural Pesticide Use, Familial Cancer, and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Chiu Brian C-H , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Zahm Shelia Hoar , Cantor Kenneth P. , Gapstur Susan M. , Holmes Frederick , Burmeister Leon F. , Blair Aaron 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To investigate whether the association between agricultural pesticide use and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is modified by a family history of hematopoietic cancer, including leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma, we analyzed pooled data on white men from three population-based, case-control studies of NHL conducted in Iowa/Minnesota, Kansas, and Nebraska. Information on the agricultural use of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides; a family history of cancer; and other risk factors was obtained by interviewing 973 cases and 2,853 controls or, if deceased, their next-of-kin (37% of cases, 43% of controls). The NHL risk was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, state of residence, type of respondent, and use of hair dye. Compared to men with no family history of cancer, the ORs (95% CIs) of NHL was 1.5 (1.3–1.8) for men with a family history of nonhematopoietic cancer, and 2.7 (1.9–3.7) for those with a history of hematopoietic cancer among first-degree relatives. This positive association was noted for each group of NHL defined according to the Working Formulation, and was most pronounced for small lymphocytic NHL. Among direct respondents, farmers who used pesticides and had a positive family history of cancer or hematopoietic cancer were not at elevated risk of NHL, compared to nonfarmers who had no family cancer history. However, among proxy respondents, ORs were elevated for farmers who had a positive family history of hematopoietic cancer and used animal insecticides (OR = 4.6; 1.9–11.2), crop insecticides (OR = 4.7; 1.6–13.4), or herbicides (OR = 4.9; 1.7–14.2), although the interaction of family history of cancer and agricultural pesticide use was not statistically significant. In summary, the joint effects of the family cancer history and pesticide use were limited to proxy respondents with wide CIs and, thus, provide little evidence that a family history of cancer modifies the association of agricultural exposures with NHL.
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Breast Cancer in the ORDET Cohort
Authors: Sieri Sabina , Krogh Vittorio , Pala Valeria , Muti Paola , Micheli Andrea , Evangelista Alberto , Tagliabue Giovanna , Berrino Franco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and risk of developing breast cancer in an Italian cohort. Women volunteers were recruited from 1987 to 1992 from residents in Varese province, northern Italy, an area covered by a cancer registry. Participants completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric and other data were collected systematically. Using nutritional data from 8984 women with an average follow up of 9.5 years and 207 incident cases of breast cancer, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to identify major dietary patterns. Four dietary patterns, which explained 30% of the variance, emerged: salad vegetables (mainly consisting of raw vegetables and olive oil); western (mainly consisting of potatoes, red meat, eggs and butter); canteen (pasta and tomato sauce); and prudent (cooked vegetables, pulses, and fish, with negative loading on wines and spirits). After adjustment for potential confounders, only the salad vegetables pattern was associated with significantly lower (34–35%) breast cancer incidence (RR = 0.66, CI95% = 0.47±0.95 comparing highest with lowest tertile) with a significant linear trend (P = 0.016). Women with body mass index &lt;25 had an even greater risk reduction in the highest tertile of the salad vegetables pattern (&gt;50% less risk than the lowest tertile, RR = 0.39, CI95% = 0.22–0.69) with a significant trend (P = 0.001); whereas women with body mass index ≥25 had no protective effect for the consumption of salad vegetables. These findings suggest that a diet rich in raw vegetables and olive oil protects against breast cancer.
Cell Type Specificity of Lung Cancer Associated with Arsenic Ingestion
Authors: Guo How-Ran , Wang Nai-San , Hu Howard , Monson Richard R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Arsenic is a well-documented human carcinogen. Previous studies on urinary bladder and skin cancers have shown that arsenic can cause specific cell types of malignancy. To evaluate whether this is also true for lung cancers, we conducted a study on 243 townships in Taiwan. We identified patients through the National Cancer Registry Program and compared the proportion of each major cell type between an endemic area of arsenic intoxication with exposures through drinking water, which includes 5 of the townships and the other 238 townships. To control for gender and age, we analyzed data on men and women separately and divided patients into four age groups. A total of 37,290 lung cancer patients, including 26,850 men and 10,440 women, was diagnosed between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1999 in study townships. Patients from the endemic area had higher proportions of squamous cell and small cell carcinomas, but a lower proportion of adenocarcinomas. These findings were similar across all age groups in both genders, although the lack of data on smoking is a limitation of our study. The results suggested that the carcinogenicity of arsenic on lungs is also cell type-specific: squamous cell and small cell carcinomas appeared to be related to arsenic ingestion, but not adenocarcinoma. Whereas data in the literature are limited, the association between adenocarcinoma and arsenic exposures through inhalation appeared to be stronger than that of squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, we speculate that arsenic may give rise to different mechanisms in the development of lung cancers through different exposure routes.
Inverse Association between Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Garcı́a Rodrı́guez Luis A. , González-Pérez Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is considered a major health problem in western countries. Promising results from observational studies on cancer at other sites fuelled the publication of several studies assessing the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and prostate cancer. However, these studies show conflicting results. Methods: We conducted a cohort study with a nested case-control analysis to further study the association between NSAIDs and prostate cancer. We used data from the General Practice Research Database in United Kingdom. Results: Aspirin use was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.61–0.79]. We also found that paracetamol use with a treatment duration longer than 1 year was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.54–0.78). Non-aspirin-NSAID (NA-NSAID) and paracetamol short-term use was associated with a small increased risk whereas long-term users of NA-NSAIDs presented an OR of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.73–1.08). Discussion: Our findings support a protective effect of aspirin and paracetamol against prostate cancer. The transient elevated risk observed among newly started users of NA-NSAIDs and paracetamol is most likely explained by prothopathic bias. We found some suggestion of a reduced risk with long-term use of NA-NSAID.
Family History and Environmental Risk Factors for Colon Cancer
Authors: Fernandez Esteve , Gallus Silvano , La Vecchia Carlo , Talamini Renato , Negri Eva , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: We analyzed the joint effect of environmental risk factors and family history of colorectal cancer on colon cancer. Methods: We used data from a case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1992 and 1996 including 1225 cases with colon cancer and 4154 controls. We created a weighed risk factor score for the main environmental risk factors in this population (positive family history, high education, low occupational physical activity, high daily meal frequency, low intake of fiber, low intake of calcium, and low intake of β-carotene). Results: Compared with the reference category (subjects with no family history of colorectal cancer and in the lowest tertile of the risk factor score), the odds ratios of colon cancer were 2.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.89–2.73] for subjects without family history and in the highest environmental risk factor score, 3.20 (95% CI = 2.05–5.01) for those with family history and low risk factor score, and 7.08 (95% CI = 4.68–10.71) for those with family history and high risk factor score. The pattern of risk was similar for men and women and no meaningful differences emerged according to subsite within the colon. Conclusions: Family history of colorectal cancer interacts with environmental risk factors of colon cancer.
Single-Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Lycopene Delivered in a Well-Defined Food-Based Lycopene Delivery System (Tomato Paste-Oil Mixture) in Healthy Adult Male Subjects
Authors: Gustin David M. , Rodvold Keith A. , Sosman Jeffery A. , Diwadkar-Navsariwala Veda , Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis Maria , Viana Marlos , Crowell James A. , Murray Judith , Tiller Patricia , Bowen Phyllis E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This report details the findings of a single-dose Phase I pharmacokinetic and toxicity study of a food-based formulation of lycopene in healthy adult male subjects. Five dosing groups (n = 5 per group) were sequentially treated with increasing doses of lycopene ranging from 10 to 120 mg. Blood samples were collected for a total of 28 days (672 h) after administration of single doses of lycopene. The mean time (tmax) to reach maximum total lycopene concentration (Cmax) ranged from 15.6 to 32.6 h. The Cmax for total lycopene ranged between 4.03 and 11.27 μg/dl (0.075–0.210 μm). Mean AUC0–96 and elimination half-life for total lycopene ranged from 214 to 655 μg h/dl (3.986–12.201 μmol h/l) and 28.1 and 61.6 h, respectively. The changes observed in lycopene exposure parameters (e.g., Cmax and AUC0–96) were not proportional to increments in dose, with larger increases observed at the lowest end of the dosing range (10–30 mg). Chylomicron lycopene was measured during the first 12 h with the differences observed among the dosing groups not reaching statistical significance. These findings may reflect a process of absorption that is saturable at very low dosing levels or may be explained by the large interindividual variability in attained lycopene concentrations that were observed within each dosing group. Pharmacokinetic parameters for trans- and cis-lycopene isomers were calculated and are reported here. The formulation was well tolerated with minimal side effects, which were mainly of gastrointestinal nature and of very low grade.
Lung Cancer Mortality Is Related to Age in Addition to Duration and Intensity of Cigarette Smoking: An Analysis of CPS-I Data
Authors: Knoke James D. , Shanks Thomas G. , Vaughn Jerry W. , Thun Michael J. , Burns David M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Models previously developed for predicting lung cancer mortality from cigarette smoking intensity and duration based on aggregated prospective mortality data have employed a study of British doctors and have assumed a uniform age of initiation of smoking. We reexamined these models using the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study I data that include a range of ages of initiation to assess the importance of an additional term for age. Methods: Model parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood, and model fit was assessed by residual analysis, likelihood ratio tests, and χ2 goodness-of-fit tests. Results: Examination of the residuals of a model proposed by Doll and Peto with the Cancer Prevention Study I data suggested that a better fitting model might be obtained by including an additional term specifying the ages when smoking exposure occurred. An extended model with terms for cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking, and attained age was found to fit statistically significantly better than the Doll and Peto model (P &lt; 0.001) and to fit well in an absolute sense (goodness-of-fit; P = 0.34). Finally, a model proposed by Moolgavkar was examined and found not to fit as well as the extended model, although it included similar terms (goodness-of-fit; P = 0.007). Conclusions: The addition of age, or another measure of the timing of the exposure to smoking, improves the prediction of lung cancer mortality with Doll and Peto's multiplicative power model.
Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Premorbid Disability: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beland Benjamin , Bala Fouzi , Ganesh Aravind 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Randomized controlled trials for the use of alteplase in acute ischemic stroke have excluded or had little representation of patients with prestroke disability, and the benefit of alteplase in this population remains uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the outcomes of thrombolysis in patients with premorbid disability.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and retrieved studies reporting intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with prestroke disability (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–5) with acute ischemic stroke, either compared with untreated patients or treated patients without premorbid disability. The primary outcome was the return to premorbid disability at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included rate and odds ratio of favorable functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 or return to premorbid modified Rankin Scale), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality.

Results:
Eight articles were included involving 103 988 patients. Patients with disability treated with IVT had better odds of returning to baseline function compared with those who did not receive IVT (odds ratio, 7.26 [95% CI, 2.51–21.02]). Mortality and rates of sICH were not significantly different between patients with disability treated with IVT and those not treated, although there were numerically more sICHs in the IVT group. Return to baseline function was not significantly different between patients with and without prestroke disability (odds ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 0.75–2.83]). The rates of sICH were not significantly different in patients with and without premorbid disability. However, mortality was 3× higher in patients with premorbid disability than in those without premorbid disability (38.2% versus 12.6%).

Conclusions:
The use of IVT in patients with disability was associated with better outcomes compared with patients who did not receive IVT without statistically significant added risks of sICH or mortality. When compared with those without disability, there was no significant difference in the return to baseline function or sICH. High-quality data comparing treated versus untreated patients with premorbid disability are needed to clarify this issue.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42021240499.