bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifidelity approach for data‐driven prediction models of structural behaviors with limited data
Authors: Chen Shi‐Zhi , Feng De‐Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe data‐driven approach based on plenty of high‐fidelity data such as experimental data becomes prevalent in the prediction of structural behavior. However, sometimes the high‐fidelity data are hard to obtain and are only in small amount. Meanwhile, the low‐fidelity data like simulation result are in large amount but their accuracy is relatively poor and are not suitable for establishing models. Thus, based on machine learning (ML) algorithms a multifidelity approach is present, which can enhance the prediction models performance under multifidelity data. First the basic theory and application procedure of this approach are introduced. Then a case study for predicting the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams was carried out to validate this method's feasibility. The influence of different ML algorithms, low‐fidelity data resources, and high‐fidelity data ratios were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that this approach would effectively promote a models accuracy under multifidelity data and has the potential to be an alternative to facilitate solving some prediction issues in structural engineering.
Competing Versions of Reality in Honduras: State Theory as a Tool for the Anthropologist Expert Witness
Authors: Levy Jordan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I explore some challenges and strategies for anthropologist expert witnesses working on cases where home‐country governments depict an overall more positive situation than what the applicants claim. Drawing upon an anonymized Honduran asylum case, I discuss the utility of state theory for debunking fallacious home‐government sources that downplay dangerous situations while exaggerating state achievements, suggesting ways to illuminate the inherent political motivations of government reports. Honduran asylum applicants flee from gang violence, political violence, and gendered violence, now more than a decade after the June 2009 military coup that ruptured already fragile public institutions. While official Honduran government reports claim that the state is alleviating such problems by creating new programs and laws, ethnographic evidence from anthropologists working with anticoup social movements suggests that the state's security apparatus often exacerbates violence, and that the mere act of passing legislation does little in practice to protect vulnerable Hondurans.
Breeders' Sensory Test: A new tool for early selection in breeding for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flavour
Authors: Hagenguth Julia , Kanski Larissa , Kahle Hannah , Naumann Marcel , Pawelzik Elke , Becker Heiko C. , Horneburg Bernd 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor several decades, improved flavour has not been a main focus in tomato breeding because it is difficult and expensive to evaluate. Sensory panels are designed to assess flavour, but they are not able to evaluate large sample numbers typical for early breeding generations. Selection in the first segregating generation could enhance breeding for flavour by preventing the loss of favourable alleles. The efficiency of early selection is unknown due to the polygenetic inheritance of flavour. To address these issues, F2 plants from 32 crosses and their parents (910 individuals) were evaluated for aroma, sweetness and sourness with the Breeders' Sensory Test (small team and large number of small samples from individuals), as well as for physicochemical traits (total soluble solids, titratable acidity and dry matter), and volatile compounds in low‐input organic and hydroponic cultivation. Corresponding physicochemical and sensory traits were significantly correlated. For most of the studied traits, it was possible to select between single plants in the F2 generation. Thus, the Breeders' Sensory Test can be used as a new tool in breeding for flavour.
Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring’s blood pressure—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eitmann Szimonetta , Mátrai Péter , Németh Dávid , Hegyi Péter , Lukács Anita , Bérczi Bálint , Czumbel László Márk , Kiss István , Gyöngyi Zoltán , Varga Gábor , Balaskó Márta , Pétervári Erika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal overnutrition during pregnancy predisposes the offspring to cardiometabolic diseases.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's blood pressure (BP) and the effect of offspring's obesity on this association.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL.Study selection and data extractionHuman studies published in English before October 2021 were identified that presented quantitative estimates of association between maternal overnutrition just before or during pregnancy and the offspring's BP.SynthesisRandom‐effect model with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting method was used to analyse regression coefficients or mean differences.ResultsAfter selection, 17 observational studies (140,517 mother‐offspring pairs) were included. Prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) showed positive correlation with BP in offspring (regression coefficient for systolic: 0.38 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17, 0.58; diastolic: 0.10 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.05, 0.14). These indicate 1.9 mmHg increase in systolic and 0.5 mmHg increase in diastolic BP of offspring with every 5 kg/m2gain in maternal ppBMI. Results on coefficients adjusted for offspring's BMI also showed association (systolic: 0.08 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.11; diastolic: 0.03 mmHg per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.01, 0.04). Independent from ppBMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) showed positive correlation with systolic BP (systolic BP: 0.05 mmHg per kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.09), but not after adjustment for offspring's BMI. Mean systolic BP was higher in children of mothers with excessive GWG than in those of mothers with optimal GWG (difference: 0.65 mmHg, 95% CI 0.25, 1.05).ConclusionsIndependent from offspring's BMI, higher prepregnancy BMI may increase the risk for hypertension in offspring. The positive association between GWG and offspring's systolic BP is indirect via offspring's obesity. Reduction in maternal obesity and treatment of obesity in children of obese mothers are needed to prevent hypertension.
The Cows May Safely Graze: Placing Expert‐Lay Relationships at the Center of Overcoming the Expert‐Lay Knowledge Divide*
Authors: Richardson Jill Eileen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany scholars agree that both expert and lay knowledge are needed to gain a fuller understanding of environmental problems, both to find answers to the problems and to improve relations between experts and laypeople. When experts ignore lay knowledge, laypeople can resist by accusing experts of arrogance or conspiracy. Rural people who live among large carnivores like wolves and grizzly bears sometimes distrust expert knowledge or even promulgate conspiracy theories. One's knowledge is inextricably linked with one's identity and social relationships. In this ethnographic study, I examine how a Montana‐based non‐profit, Blackfoot Challenge (BC), facilitates the exchange of knowledge between experts and laypeople for carnivore management. Nurturing expert‐lay relationships is one strategy that BC uses in concert with two others to bridge the expert‐lay knowledge divide: facilitating learning experiences and relying on intermediaries. Knowledge exchanged within expert relationships allows experts to better understand the needs of laypeople and adapt their work to meet those needs while also disseminating expert knowledge to laypeople in a way that earns their trust. The trust built within expert‐lay relationships facilitates the exchange of knowledge, but the way experts and laypeople exchange knowledge also builds trust.
Using Network Science to Understand the Aging Lexicon: Linking Individuals' Experience, Semantic Networks, and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Wulff Dirk U. , De Deyne Simon , Aeschbach Samuel , Mata Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeople undergo many idiosyncratic experiences throughout their lives that may contribute to individual differences in the size and structure of their knowledge representations. Ultimately, these can have important implications for individuals' cognitive performance. We review evidence that suggests a relationship between individual experiences, the size and structure of semantic representations, as well as individual and age differences in cognitive performance. We conclude that the extent to which experience‐dependent changes in semantic representations contribute to individual differences in cognitive aging remains unclear. To help fill this gap, we outline an empirical agenda that utilizes network analysis and involves the concurrent assessment of large‐scale semantic networks and cognitive performance in younger and older adults. We present preliminary data to establish the feasibility and limitations of such empirical, network‐analytical approaches.
Epidemiological characteristics and genetic diversity of Bartonella species in rodents from southeastern China
Authors: Liu Haixin , Han Tengwei , Liu Weijun , Xu Guoying , Zheng Kuicheng , Xiao Fangzhen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRodents are the primary hosts of Bartonella species and carry more than 22 Bartonella species. However, the information on epidemiological characteristics and genetic diversity of Bartonella species in rodents in southeastern China is limited. From 2015 to 2020, 1,137 rodents were captured. Bartonella‐positive DNA was detected in 14.9% (169/1,137) of rodents by PCR for both the ssrA and gltA genes. A highest Bartonella prevalence was detected in Apodemus agrarius (33.5%) and lowest in B. indica (1.8%). The probability of Bartonella infection in summer (20.1%) was higher than in spring (14.6%; p = .011, OR = 1.756). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that nine known Bartonella species were identified in rodents, including B. tribocorum, B. grahamii, B. rattimassiliensis, B. queenslandensis, B. elizabethae, B. phoceensis, B. coopersplainsensis, B. japonica and B. rochalimae. In our study, Bartonella species exhibited a strong association with their hosts. Zoonotic B. tribocorum, B. grahamii, B. elizabethae and B. rochalimae were found in synanthropic rodent species in southeastern China, which pose a potential threat to the public health. To prevent the spread of zoonotic Bartonella species to humans, preventive and control measures should be implemented, and more research is needed to confirm the pathogen's association with human disease.
Modeling and Parameter Identification for a Flexible Rotor With Impacts
Authors: Holzinger Stefan , Schieferle Manuel , Gutmann Christoph , Hofer Manfred , Gerstmayr Johannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe accuracy of a multibody model to predict the behavior of a real physical system depends heavily on the correct choice of model parameters. Identifying unknown system parameters that cannot be computed or measured directly is usually time-consuming and costly. If measurement data is available for the physical system, the parameters in the corresponding mathematical model can be determined by minimizing the error between the model response and the measurement data using optimization methods. While there is a wide range of optimization methods available, genetic optimization is a more generic approach for finding optimal solutions to complex engineering problems. So far, however, there is no general approach on how to use genetic optimization to determine unknown system parameters automatically—which is, however, of great importance when dealing with real flexible multibody systems. In this paper, we present a methodology to automatically determine several unknown system parameters of a complex flexible multibody system using genetic optimization. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a small-scale test problem and a real flexible rotor excited with impacts. Experiments were performed on the physical rotor to obtain measurement data which is used to identify bearing and support stiffness and damping parameters as well as the impact force.
A Framework for In Silico Clinical Trials for Medical Devices Using Concepts From Model Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Bodner Jeff , Kaul Vikas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rising costs of clinical trials for medical devices in recent years has led to an increased interest in what are called in silico clinical trials, where simulation results are used to supplement or to replace those obtained from human patients. Here we present a framework for executing such a trial. This framework relies heavily on ideas already developed for model verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification. The framework uses results from an initial cohort of human patients as model validation data, recognizing that the best model credibility evidence usually comes from real patients. The validation exercise leads to an assessment of the model's suitability based on predefined acceptance criteria. If the model meets these criteria, then no additional human patients are required and the study endpoints that can be addressed using the model are met using the simulation results. Conversely, if the model is found to be inadequate, it is abandoned, and the clinical study continues using only human patients in a second cohort. Compared to other frameworks described in the literature based on Bayesian methods, this approach follows a strict model build-validate-predict structure. It can handle epistemic uncertainties in the model inputs, which is a common trait of models of biomedical systems. Another idea discussed here is that the outputs of engineering models rarely coincide with measures that are the basis for clinical endpoints. This article discusses how the link between the model and clinical measure can be established during the trial.
Effect of the Axial Casing Groove Geometry on the Production and Distribution of Reynolds Stresses in the Tip Region of an Axial Compressor Rotor
Authors: Koley Subhra Shankha , Saraswat Ayush , Chen Huang , Katz Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStereo-PIV data are used for investigating the effect of axial casing groove (ACG) geometry on the distribution, evolution, and production rates of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and Reynolds stresses near a rotor tip. The ACGs delay the onset of stall by entraining the tip leakage vortex (TLV) and cause periodic changes to incidence angle. These effects are decoupled using semicircular, U-shaped, and S-shaped grooves that have similar inlets, but different outflow directions. Most TKE distribution trends can be explained by the local turbulence production rates, elucidating the different mechanisms involved and providing a unique database for turbulence modeling. Interaction of the tip flow with the ACGs modifies the highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous passage turbulence. In all cases, the TKE is high in the TLV center and shear layer connecting the TLV to the rotor tip. At prestall flowrate, TLV entrainment reduces the passage turbulence level, but introduces elevated turbulence in the corner vortex formed at the downstream corner of grooves, and in shear layers developing at the exit from grooves. The location of peaks and the dominant components vary among grooves. Near the best efficiency point, interactions of the TLV with the circumferentially negative outflow from the U and semicircular ACGs generate high turbulence levels, which extend deep into the passage. In contrast, interactions with S grooves are limited, resulting in a substantially lower turbulence level. Accordingly, the S groove maintains the untreated endwall efficiency, while the U and semicircular grooves reduce the peak efficiency.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on the Magnetic Levitation Concept
Authors: Halawa Taher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this research, a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with a Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) design was fabricated and tested. Numerical simulations were conducted to predict the magnetic flux distribution and generated voltage in the axial flux generator. Rare earth magnets were used to generate a repelling force to suspend the turbine rotor in order to minimize friction and increase rotational speed. Axially magnetized disc magnets and specific coils arrangements were set to produce voltage. The performance of the turbine was studied at various rotor rotational speeds ranging from 20 rpm to 200 rpm. Results show that the height of the gap between rotor and stator plates as well as the gap between coils and rotor magnets has a significant influence on the output voltage. The peak voltage was found to be increased by at least 1.3 V for each 1 mm reduction in the gap between coils and rotor magnets. The information provided in this paper may be beneficial for future researches related to efficiency optimization of Maglev wind turbines.
Performance Enhancement and Emission Control of a Direct Injection-Diesel Engine Using a Self-Rotating Injection Strategy—A Numerical and Experimental Study
Authors: Pichandi Chandrasekar , Sudharsan Natteri M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fuel injection system influences the spray characteristics to achieve faster combustion and better control over emissions. The combination of orifice number, diameter, injection duration, and rotation is suggested for better emission control and efficiency. In the present work, a novel self-rotating injector is designed and fabricated. Simulation is performed in three-dimensional closed-cycle geometry of a 661 cc diesel engine for static as well as rotating fuel injection having three, five, and nine holes by varying the rotational speed of 1500 and 2500 rpm, orifice diameter, and injection duration to ensure the same injection velocity. The three-hole rotating cases were studied and compared with static numerical simulation. The results found that due to the rotational effect, the engine’s thermal efficiency improved by 3.82% and 5.11% while the NOx emissions decreased by 2.34% and 5.57% for 1500 and 2500 rpm, respectively, at the cost of carbon monoxide and soot emissions. Increasing the rotational speed was found to improve temperature uniformity at higher speeds, thus increases the efficiency and lower NOx. By increasing the number of orifice holes, it was observed that both thermal efficiency and NOx increased. Controlling the primary and diffusion combustion, it is possible to improve the efficiency without increasing NOx emissions. This was possible with a combination of rotating injectors and varying the start of injection. The fabricated self-rotating nozzle based on the above simulations was found to perform better than the static injector under no-load conditions.
Investigation on a Solar Thermal Power Plant With a Packed Bed Heat Storage Unit
Authors: Yue Chen , Gao Pengju , Xu Yang , Schaefer Laura A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of the present work is to research the dynamic thermal performance of the solar power plant during the phase change material (PCM) capsule heat storage tank discharging process. Therefore, a transient, one-dimensional two-phase model for a packed bed latent heat storage unit and a comprehensive concentrating solar power generation system that combines a CO2 Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle were integrated. The influences of the key parameters of the packed bed PCM capsule heat storage tank on the overall power output and thermal efficiency of the system during discharge have been investigated, including the heat transfer fluid (HTF) velocity, the diameter of the PCM capsule, and the height of heat storage tank. The orthogonal analysis method is selected in this article, and the results showed that the maximal transient power output and overall power output of the actual combined cycle mode are decreased about 22% and 25%, respectively, in this research, compared with the idea Carnot cycle mode. That the HTF velocity in the thermal energy storage tank can be used to control the transient power output of the solar thermal power system. Using the small-sized filler capsule is an effective method to increase the thermal performance of the concentrated solar power (CSP) combined cycle system. Moreover, the corresponding discharging time is increased obviously, and the CSP with a high packed bed height can generate a more stable power output value during thermal energy discharging.
Low-Frequency Multimode Vibration Suppression of an Acoustic Black Hole Beam by Shunt Damping
Authors: Wan Zhiwei , Zhu Xiang , Li Tianyun , Nie Rui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ideal acoustic black hole (ABH) can achieve wave gathering and zero reflection of elastic waves. In practice, ABHs have to be truncated, limiting their application in lower frequency range. Aiming at improving the ABH beam's vibration suppression ability at low frequencies, this study proposes a shunt damping-ABH composite beam by pasting shunt damping instead of ordinary damping on the ABH tip. The energy method is employed to solve the vibration equation of the ABH beam. The admissible function is the Mexican hat wavelet. The proposed method is verified by the finite element method. Compared with the uniform beam, the numerical results show the ABH beam has a noticeable attenuating effect in high-frequency range due to the ABH effect, but almost has no attenuating effect in the low-frequency range. Therefore, we introduce shunt damping to enhance the low-frequency vibration control. The shunt damping is composed of circuits connected to a piezoelectric patch. The effects of different circuits connected to the piezoelectric patch are discussed. The R–L shunt circuit and L–C parallel blocking circuit can simultaneously suppress the multimode vibration peak of the ABH beam at the low frequency successfully. Finally, a vibration experiment of ABH beam combined with shunt damping is implemented to verify the present method's feasibility and the shunt damping effect. The proposed shunt damping-ABH composite beam could improve the suppressing ability in both the low and high-frequency ranges.
Comparison of 5 Normalization Methods for Knee Joint Moments in the Single-Leg Squat
Authors: Hirsch Steven M. , Chapman Christopher J. , Frost David M. , Beach Tyson A.C. 
Published: January 2022

Ratio scaling is the most common magnitude normalization approach for net joint moment (NJM) data. Generally, researchers compute a ratio between NJM and (some combination of) physical body characteristics (eg, mass, height, limb length, etc). However, 3 assumptions must be verified when normalizing NJM data this way. First, the regression line between NJM and the characteristic(s) used passes through the origin. Second, normalizing NJM eliminates its correlation with the characteristic(s). Third, the statistical interpretations following normalization are consistent with adjusted linear models. The study purpose was to assess these assumptions using data collected from 16 males and 16 females who performed a single-leg squat. Standard inverse dynamics analyses were conducted, and ratios were computed between the mediolateral and anteroposterior components of the knee NJM and participant mass, height, leg length, mass × height, and mass × leg length. Normalizing NJM-mediolateral by mass × height and mass × leg length satisfied all 3 assumptions. Normalizing NJM-anteroposterior by height and leg length satisfied all 3 assumptions. Therefore, if normalization of the knee NJM is deemed necessary to address a given research question, it can neither be assumed that using (any combination of) participant mass, height, or leg length as the denominator is appropriate nor consistent across joint axes.