bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Protocol Improves Outcomes and Decreases Complications
Authors: Sharon Melinda , Bardes James M. , Riley Holly , Wagner Afton , Davis Jennifer Knight , Schaefer Gregory , Wilson Alison , Khan Uzer 
Published: March 2022

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event with a complicated recovery. Through the use of an interdisciplinary team a comprehensive care plan was developed, utilizing all available best practices, to prevent secondary complications. Previous work has shown the benefit of single system protocols or interventions. This study aimed to assess changes in outcomes after implementation of a comprehensive protocol. Material and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study performed at an ACS Level I trauma center. It was based on data abstract from the institutions trauma registry over a 10 year period. Patients with quadriplegia after a traumatic injury were included. Data on hospital outcomes and complications was collected and compared before and after the use of the Spinal cord injury protocol. Results 58 patients were evaluated. Overall, there was a reduction in complications after the implementation, with significant reductions in pneumonia (47% vs 16%; P = .02) and decubitus ulcers (47% to 11%; P = .005). ICU length of stay decreased by 7 days and hospital length of stay decreased 13 days. There was no difference in mortality. Hospital costs also decreased a mean of $42,000. Conclusions A comprehensive SCI protocol can reduce secondary complications in quadriplegic patients. This study found significant decreases in pneumonia and decubitus ulcer rates after implementation of the protocol. Lengths of stay and cost were also significantly reduced. Future research using comprehensive SCI protocols is needed to further assess its effects on outcomes for this specific patient population. Similar centers should consider adoption of comprehensive SCI protocols.
Review of the Factors Affecting Acceptance of AI-Infused Systems
Authors: Ismatullaev Ulugbek Vahobjon Ugli , Kim Sang-Ho 
Published: March 2022

Objective The study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors impacting technology adoption, to predict the acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies. Background Although the acceptance of AI devices is usually defined by behavioural factors in theories of user acceptance, the effects of technical and human factors are often overlooked. However, research shows that user behaviour can vary depending on a system’s technical characteristics and differences in users. Method A systematic review was conducted. A total of 85 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the inclusion criteria and provided information on the factors influencing the adoption of AI devices were selected for the analysis. Results Research on the adoption of AI devices shows that users’ attitudes, trust and perceptions about the technology can be improved by increasing transparency, compatibility, and reliability, and simplifying tasks. Moreover, technological factors are also important for reducing issues related to human factors (e.g. distrust, scepticism, inexperience) and supporting users with lower intention to use and lower trust in AI-infused systems. Conclusion As prior research has confirmed the interrelationship among factors with and without behaviour theories, this review suggests extending the technology acceptance model that integrates the factors studied in this review to define the acceptance of AI devices across different application areas. However, further research is needed to collect more data and validate the study’s findings. Application A comprehensive overview of factors influencing the acceptance of AI devices could help researchers and practitioners evaluate user behaviour when adopting new technologies.
A Naturalistic Analysis of Mental Illness Stigma in Undergraduate Psychology Courses
Authors: Jamieson Jeremy D. , Reich Catherine M. , LaCaille Rick A. , LaCaille Lara J. 
Published: March 2022

Background Psychology coursework may include opportunities to reduce mental illness stigma attitudes among college students. However, some strategies are known to backfire, and little is known about how these attitudes evolve during psychology coursework. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine whether psychology students’ mental illness stigma attitudes change over the course of a semester. Method This research examined changes in mental illness stigma across four undergraduate psychology courses: Introductory Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Basic Helping Skills, and Internship. Students ( N = 400) completed two mental illness stigma measures at the beginning and end of the semester. Results Regardless of course, students showed slightly decreased anxiety-related stigma regarding individuals with mental illness and lower social distancing attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia, as well as increased perceptions of the treatability of mental illness, over the course of the semester. Conclusion The findings suggest limited stigma reduction through the psychology curriculum. Teaching Implications Greater emphasis on systematic efforts for stigma reduction across the psychology curriculum is warranted and instructors may want to consider developing gender-related stigma reduction methods.
Online survey of owners’ experiences of medicating their cats at home
Authors: Taylor Samantha , Caney Sarah , Bessant Claire , Gunn-Moore Danièlle 
Published: March 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to use an online survey to obtain information from cat owners about their experiences of medicating their cats. Methods An online survey containing 35 questions on experiences of medicating cats was circulated to cat owners globally. Results In total, 2507 surveys from 57 countries were analysed; 1724 from ‘cat owners’ and 783 from ‘cat owners+’ (respondents with significant cat experience, including veterinary professionals). Around half (50.7%) of cat owners were ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ provided with information or advice on how to administer medication; however, 91.8% of those given information found it ‘somewhat’ or ‘very’ useful. Around half (53.6%) of owners sought information from the internet about how to administer medication. Total cat owners (cat owners and cat owners+) administered liquids (61.3%), pastes (45.3%) or tablets (39.5%) directly into their cat’s mouth; fewer (22.6–24.1%) hid these medications in food. Total cat owners rated tablets significantly harder to administer than liquids; 53.0% chose liquids as their first-choice formulation while 29.3% chose tablets. Insulin injections and ‘spot-ons’ were significantly easier to administer than any oral medications. Over half (51.6%) of owners reported that medicating their cat(s) had changed their relationship with them; 77.0% reported that their cat(s) had tried to bite or scratch them when medicating. Other challenges included the cat(s) spitting out tablets (78.7%), refusing medication in food (71.7%) and running away (52.7%). Of the owners who failed to complete a course of medication (35.4%), 27.8% stopped near the end of the course, while 19.3% stopped after a few doses, in both cases as medicating was too difficult. Conclusions and relevance Owners appreciate being provided with information about the administration of medication. Frequent challenges when medicating cats include potential human injury and damage to the owner–cat relationship. Pharmaceutical companies should provide a range of formulations to ease compliance. Veterinary clinics should provide information/demonstrations and internet links when prescribing medications.
Anesthetic effect of ultrasound-guided block of the musculocutaneous nerve during endovascular treatment of dysfunctional radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Matsuda Hiroaki , Oka Yoshinari , Takatsu Shigeko , Miyazaki Masashi 
Published: March 2022

Background: Delivering requisite and minimal anesthesia for endovascular treatment (EVT) of dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) under the target nerve block can achieve reasonable analgesia. We evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided selective block of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) during the EVT of runoff venous strictures in the forearm through the radiocephalic (RC)-AVF at the wrist or the anatomical snuff box and analyzed the factors inhibiting the analgesia achieved under the MCN block. Methods: We enrolled 30 adult patients undergoing hemodialysis who had received 78 EVT sessions in an outpatient clinic mainly for long and/or multiple outflow-venous strictures in the forearm under US-guided blocks of the MCN, which provides sensory innervation to the anterolateral forearm where the cephalic vein courses. We assessed patients’ pain during balloon dilations using the Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale (WBFRS) and evaluated the factors increasing the pain (WBFRS score ⩾4), including patient characteristics, dilated strictures, additional nerve blocks, and types of balloon catheters. Results: In 25 EVT sessions (32.1%) out of 78 sessions, patients complained of stronger pain (WBFRS score ⩾4), while in the other 53 sessions (67.9%), presented with no pain and slight pain (WBFRS score = 0 or 2). Univariate analysis clarified that dilation of the AVF anastomosis, presence of dilated stenosis >4 cm, and a single block of the MCN or its sensory terminal significantly triggered more pain ( p < 0.05). Consequently, multivariate analysis of all the factors with p < 0.1 in the univariate analysis, including multiple dilated stenosis sites, demonstrated that dilation of the AVF anastomosis significantly caused severe pain despite the anesthesia of the MCN block ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: US-guided selective block of the MCN could be a leading anesthetic option for EVT for multiple long stenoses of the cephalic vein draining through the RC-AVF in the wrist or anatomical snuff box.
On-demand use of peripheral arterial catheters outside the Intensive Care Unit: Development and retrospective evaluation of an internal protocol for insertion and management
Authors: Giustivi Davide , Baroni Monica , Di Capua Mirko , Paglia Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 patients require frequent arterial blood gas analysis for the assessment of oxygenation status. Objective: The main objective of this research is to describe a dedicated protocol developed to standardize the insertion and management of peripheral Arterial Catheters (AC) for on-demand use, in the Emergency Department of “Maggiore” Hospital (Lodi, Italy). This strategy represents a valid alternative to repeated arterial punctures outside the intensive care unit. Methods: The crucial points of the protocol were defined: vessel selection criteria, device used, technique of insertion, choice of securement and dressing device, and procedures had been created for correct management. Results: During April and December 2020, 50 AC were inserted, two dislocations and one malfunction were observed. No major complications (Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection, thrombosis, bleeding, pseudoaneurysms, hematoma, artery occlusion - even temporary - and skin irritation) were observed. Conclusions: To the authors knowledge, this is the first article describing the insertion and management of ACs for on-demand utilization outside the intensive care unit. The safe and effective use of this technique could be clinically relevant in patients requiring multiple ABG without need of invasive monitoring; it also allows the reduction of both artery sticks and workload of health care providers. However, clinical studies are needed to confirm the validity of the proposed treatment, especially the use of the most appropriate securement system and the most effective solution for locking catheters.
Impact of morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema on mortality outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Witharana Thivanka N. , Baral Ranu , Vassiliou Vassilios S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Morphine is commonly used in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) do not recommend the routine use of opioids in acute heart failure (AHF) due to dose-dependent side effects. However, the effect of morphine remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the link between morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and mortality. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2021. All studies were included (randomized, non-randomized, observational, prospective and retrospective). The references for all the articles were reviewed for potential articles of interest with no language restrictions. Studies looking at in-hospital mortality along with other outcomes were chosen. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to appraise the studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager Software version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014), by computing odds ratios (ORs) for pooled in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes. Results: Six observational studies out of the 73 publications identified were eligible for the meta-analysis giving a total sample size of 152,859 (mean age 75, males 48%). Of these, four were retrospective analyses. The use of morphine in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema was associated with an increased rate of in-hospital mortality [OR = 2.39, confidence interval (CI) = 1.13 to 5.08, p = 0.02], increased need for invasive ventilation (OR = 6.14, CI = 5.84 to 6.46, p < 0.00001), increased need for non-invasive ventilation (OR = 1.85, CI = 1.45 to 2.36, p < 0.00001) and increased need for vasopressors/inotropes (OR = 2.93, CI = 2.20 to 3.89, p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Based on the observational studies, morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is associated with worse outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm any causative effect of morphine on mortality rates in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.
Graft Choice for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Women Aged 25 Years and Younger: A Systematic Review
Authors: Etzel Christine M. , Nadeem Maheen , Gao Burke , Boduch Abigail N. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: March 2022

Context: Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are relatively common in athletic populations, few studies have systematically reviewed graft choice in young women. Objective: To quantitatively and qualitatively examine reported outcomes for graft choice in women aged 25 years and younger undergoing primary ACL reconstruction. Data Source: A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. An electronic search in the PubMed (includes MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases was completed using a combination of key terms. Study Selection: Studies were included if they reported graft choice outcomes in women aged 25 years and younger. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: The following information was extracted: title, author, year of publication, number of female patients and age, graft type, follow-up, and patient-reported outcome measures. The following outcome scores were identified as being reported or not reported by each study: graft failure, contralateral ACL (CACL) rupture, IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee), graft survival (Kaplan-Meier), Lysholm, Tegner, KT-1000, kneeling pain, return to sport, and Lachman. Results: Of 1170 identified articles, 16 met inclusion criteria, reporting on 1385 female patients aged 25 years and younger. Comparison of 655 bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) versus 525 hamstring tendon (HT) autografts showed significant differences in mean failure rate between BPTB autografts (6.13% ± 2.58%) and HT autografts (17.35% ± 8.19%), P = 0.001. No statistically significant differences in CACL failure rates were found between BPTB autografts and HT autografts ( P = 0.25). Pooled results for IKDC were possible in 3 of the HT autograft studies, showing a mean score of 88.31 (95% CI 83.53-93.08). Pooled Lysholm score results were possible in 2 of the HT autograft studies, showing a mean score of 93.46 (95% CI 91.90-95.01). Conclusion: In female patients aged 25 years and younger, BPTB autografts showed significantly less graft failure compared with HT autografts. However, BPTB autografts had comparable patient-reported outcomes compared with HT autografts with the available data. The overall state of evidence for graft choice in female patients aged 25 years and younger is low. Future studies should report statistics by age and sex to allow for further analysis of graft choice for this specific population that is known to be more vulnerable to ACL injury.
Contrast With Compression Therapy Enhances Muscle Function Recovery and Attenuates Glycogen Disruption After Exercise
Authors: Colantuono Vincent M. , Oakley Ryan , Hatfield Disa L. , Penailillo Luis , Lateef Shabnam , Earp Jacob E. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Exercise-associated muscle damage (EAMD) temporally impairs muscle function and intramuscular glycogen storage. Contrast with compression (CwC) therapy provides localized EAMD treatment with minimal changes in core/tissue temperature that can impair glycogen resynthesis. Hypothesis: CwC will enhance the recovery of strength, power, and joint mobility, reduce markers of EAMD, and attenuate the disruption of glycogen storage observed after damaging exercise. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial with crossover design. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Ten men completed 2 bouts of eccentric elbow flexor exercise, separated by 1 week, using contralateral arms. After each bout, participants received either CwC therapy (at 0, 24, and 48 h postexercise) or no therapy with intervention order and limb randomly assigned. Prior to (pre-exercise) and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after each exercise bout, muscular strength, muscular power, intramuscular glycogen, creatine kinase, muscle thickness, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold, active elbow flexion, passive elbow extension, and dietary intake were assessed. Comparisons were made between conditions over time (interaction effects) using separate repeated-measures analyses of variance/multivariate analyses of variance and effect sizes (Cohen d) to describe treatment effect at each time point. Results: Significant interaction effects were observed for muscular strength ( d = 0.67-1.12), muscular power ( d = 0.20-0.65), intramuscular glycogen ( d = 0.29-0.81), creatine kinase ( d = 0.01-0.96), muscle thickness ( d = 0.35-0.70), muscle soreness ( d = 0.18-0.85), and active elbow flexion ( d = 0.65-1.17) indicating a beneficial effect of CwC over time ( P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, no significant interaction effect was observed for pressure pain threshold or passive elbow extension ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: These results support the use of CwC for the recovery of muscle function after damaging exercise in male patients and indicate that CwC attenuates, but does not remove, the disruption of intramuscular glycogen stores observed after intense eccentric exercise. Clinical Relevance: Glycolysis-dependent athletes may benefit from CwC therapy after training/competition that causes EAMD.
Leveraging online shopping behaviors as a proxy for personal lifestyle choices: New insights into chronic disease prevention literacy
Authors: Wang Yongzhen , Liu Xiaozhong , Börner Katy , Lin Jun , Ju Yingnan , Sun Changlong , Si Luo 
Published: March 2022

Objective Ubiquitous internet access is reshaping the way we live, but it is accompanied by unprecedented challenges in preventing chronic diseases that are usually planted by long exposure to unhealthy lifestyles. This paper proposes leveraging online shopping behaviors as a proxy for personal lifestyle choices to improve chronic disease prevention literacy, targeted for times when e-commerce user experience has been assimilated into most people's everyday lives. Methods Longitudinal query logs and purchase records from 15 million online shoppers were accessed, constructing a broad spectrum of lifestyle features covering various product categories and buyer personas. Using the lifestyle-related information preceding online shoppers’ first purchases of specific prescription drugs, we could determine associations between their past lifestyle choices and whether they suffered from a particular chronic disease. Results Novel lifestyle risk factors were discovered in two exemplars—depression and type 2 diabetes, most of which showed reasonable consistency with existing healthcare knowledge. Further, such empirical findings could be adopted to locate online shoppers at higher risk of these chronic diseases with decent accuracy [i.e. (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) AUC=0.68 for depression and AUC=0.70 for type 2 diabetes], closely matching the performance of screening surveys benchmarked against medical diagnosis. Conclusions Mining online shopping behaviors can point medical experts to a series of lifestyle issues associated with chronic diseases that are less explored to date. Hopefully, unobtrusive chronic disease surveillance via e-commerce sites can grant consenting individuals a privilege to be connected more readily with the medical profession and sophistication.