bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Porous Carbon Materials from Coix lacryma‐jobi L. Shells for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Lian , Zheng Hong , Wu Wenjie , Zhang Yurun , Wang Qin , Yang Liu , Yin Haiyan , Lu Wei , Wang Shuya , Yang Xian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials are widely concerned because of their excellent electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. Herein, a new porous Coix lacryma‐jobi L. shells‐based carbon (CSC) is prepared by carbonization and activation for super‐capacitors. The obtained CSC‐3 (CSC‐x, x: KOH/CSC mass ratio) possesses abundant porous structures, some functional groups with nitrogen and oxygen atoms, and good electrochemical performance. When the mass ratio of KOH to CSC is 3 : 1, the obtained CSC‐3 has the largest specific surface area (SSA, 1191.7 m2 g−1). Besides the material exhibits good electrochemical capability in the three‐electrode system with 6 m KOH aqueous electrolyte, such as desirable specific capacitance (at 0.5 A g−1, the specific capacitance is 413.5 F g−1), ideal rate performance (from 0.5 A g−1 to 10 A g−1, the specific capacitance retention rate is 70.86 %) and long cycle life (the specific capacitance only reduced by 2.47 % after 5000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). Assembled symmetric supercapacitor (CSC‐3//CSC‐3) shows gratifying energy density (11.58 Wh Kg−1 at the power density of 324.93 W Kg−1 in 6 m KOH aqueous electrolyte and 14.67 Wh Kg−1 at 474.93 W Kg−1 in 1 m Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte). This work provides possibility of utilizing waste Coix lacryma‐jobi L. shells to produce low‐cost and high‐performance super‐capacitor electrode materials for sustainable electrochemical energy storage.
Facile Syntheses of Physically Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogels and Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Enhancing Water Absorbency and Adsorption of Sappan Wood Dye
Authors: Nuisin Roongkan , Siripongpreda Tatiya , Watcharamul Supawin , Siralertmukul Krisana , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study was focused on a facile synthesis and comprehensive characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based hydrogel and their potential absorption. CMC reacted with AlIII as an ionic crosslinker to produce physical hydrogels with better gel strength but gave a low water absorption (WAC). To elucidate this question, we fabricated both the CMC hydrogel and its nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating nano‐size calcium carbonate (NCC) particles using a two‐step process. The AlIII‐ crosslinked CMC hydrogel was subsequently filled with NCC particles to give CMC/NCC nanocomposite hydrogels. The CMC/NCC1 hydrogel with NCC 1 %wv−1 gave a three‐fold higher equilibrium WAC. To achieve an insight structure‐property‐function relation, CMC hydrogels were characterized for physically crosslinking interaction. FT‐IR confirmed that AlIII ion reacts with the negative charges of carboxylate groups on the CMC chains to form the network structure via bidentate coordination. XPS data of the CMC hydrogels agreed well with the spectroscopic data. The resonance peaks of the C−O of substituent groups−CH2COO− were shifted upward to 177.9 ppm due to the incorporation of NCC. The higher chain flexibility (low tanδ) in CMC/NCC hydrogel with NCC 1 %wv−1 produced the higher WAC than did the composite hydrogel with NCC 5 %wv−1 adding. The CMC hydrogels were explored whether they are promisingly sustainable adsorbent for dye adsorption from Sappan wood extract while its CMC/NCC hydrogel rendered for better water absorption. Morphological studies revealed that NCC particles distributed mostly on the CMC surfaces to produce nanostructured composites with some particles penetrating through hydrogel pores. The specific surface areas of the CMC hydrogel increased with NCC amounts with lower WACs due to gel stiffness. The CMC hydrogels were confirmed as a promisingly sustainable adsorbent for dye adsorption from Sappan wood extract while its CMC/NCC hydrogel rendered for better water absorption which should be applicable for the dye concentration before CMC hydrogel dye adsorption.
High Amylose Corn Starch Gels – A Molecular Investigation of the Network Constituting Polymers
Authors: Ulbrich Marco , Scholz Fanni , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe relationship between microstructural features and mechanical strength of aqueous starch gels is investigated. The gels are prepared by systematic variation of the factors starch type (high amylose [AM] corn starches [HACS] having about 50 and 70% w/w AM; HACS‐50/‐70), starch concentration (6 and 9% w/w) and storage time (1 and 14 days). The gel matrices are separated by means of a centrifugation method, and two phases are obtained account for the dissolved starch (liquid phase) and the network constituting starch (swollen phase). Subsequently, the latter starch fraction is partially digested using two amylases (AMY) and in combination with pullulanase (PUL) [α‐AMY, α‐AMY‐PUL, β‐AMY, β‐AMY‐PUL], too. The starch samples (dissolved and network constituting) and the degradation products (polysaccharides after partial enzymatic hydrolysis) are characterized molecularly by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC)‐techniques, and amounts and molecular properties of specific fractions and molecule segments, respectively, are determined. A clear correlation between the specific involvement and contribution of the starch polymers (e.g., absolute amount, state, function) in the gel network and the mechanical gel strength is found. Particularly, the starch's AM content and the polymer concentration of the gel are evident as controlling factors in developing the gel's firmness.
Transcriptome‐wide association and prediction for carotenoids and tocochromanols in fresh sweet corn kernels
Authors: Hershberger Jenna , Tanaka Ryokei , Wood Joshua C. , Kaczmar Nicholas , Wu Di , Hamilton John P. , DellaPenna Dean , Buell C. Robin , Gore Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSweet corn (Zea maysL.) is consistently one of the most highly consumed vegetables in the United States, providing a valuable opportunity to increase nutrient intake through biofortification. Significant variation for carotenoid (provitamin A, lutein, zeaxanthin) and tocochromanol (vitamin E, antioxidants) levels is present in temperate sweet corn germplasm, yet previous genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of these traits have been limited by low statistical power and mapping resolution. Here, we employed a high‐quality transcriptomic dataset collected from fresh sweet corn kernels to conduct transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) and transcriptome prediction studies for 39 carotenoid and tocochromanol traits. In agreement with previous GWAS findings, TWAS detected significant associations for four causal genes,β‐carotene hydroxylase(crtRB1),lycopene epsilon cyclase(lcyE),γ‐tocopherol methyltransferase(vte4), andhomogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase(hggt1) on a transcriptome‐wide level. Pathway‐level analysis revealed additional associations fordeoxy‐xylulose synthase2(dxs2),diphosphocytidyl methyl erythritol synthase2(dmes2),cytidine methyl kinase1(cmk1), andgeranylgeranyl hydrogenase1(ggh1), of which,dmes2,cmk1, andggh1have not previously been identified through maize association studies. Evaluation of prediction models incorporating genome‐wide markers and transcriptome‐wide abundances revealed a trait‐dependent benefit to the inclusion of both genomic and transcriptomic data over solely genomic data, but both transcriptome‐ and genome‐wide datasets outperformed a priori candidate gene‐targeted prediction models for most traits. Altogether, this study represents an important step toward understanding the role of regulatory variation in the accumulation of vitamins in fresh sweet corn kernels.
Balancing Opportunities and Constraints: The Experiences of Internal Migrant Women in Tirana
Authors: Danaj Ermira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the trajectories of those participants who migrated internally to Tirana for reasons other than education. The data draws from interviews conducted with eight women, the majority of whom had already married when Communism collapsed. These women provide distinctive insights as they stand on the verge of and link the late communist years with the post-communist period. The narratives of the following eight women are discussed and analysed at length in this chapter.
The non-chiral intermediate Heisenberg ferromagnet equation
Authors: Berntson Bjorn K. , Klabbers Rob , Langmann Edwin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present and solve a soliton equation which we call the non-chiral intermediate Heisenberg ferromagnet (ncIHF) equation. This equation, which depends on a parameter δ > 0, describes the time evolution of two coupled spin densities propagating on the real line, and in the limit δ → ∞ it reduces to two decoupled half-wave maps (HWM) equations of opposite chirality. We show that the ncIHF equation is related to the A-type hyperbolic spin Calogero-Moser (CM) system in two distinct ways: (i) it is obtained as a particular continuum limit of an Inozemtsev-type spin chain related to this CM system, (ii) it has multi-soliton solutions obtained by a spin-pole ansatz and with parameters satisfying the equations of motion of a complexified version of this CM system. The integrability of the ncIHF equation is shown by constructing a Lax pair. We also propose a periodic variant of the ncIHF equation related to the A-type elliptic spin CM system.
What about investors? ESG analyses as tools for ethics-based AI auditing
Authors: Minkkinen Matti , Niukkanen Anniina , Mäntymäki Matti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) governance and auditing promise to bridge the gap between AI ethics principles and the responsible use of AI systems, but they require assessment mechanisms and metrics. Effective AI governance is not only about legal compliance; organizations can strive to go beyond legal requirements by proactively considering the risks inherent in their AI systems. In the past decade, investors have become increasingly active in advancing corporate social responsibility and sustainability practices. Including nonfinancial information related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues in investment analyses has become mainstream practice among investors. However, the AI auditing literature is mostly silent on the role of investors. The current study addresses two research questions: (1) how companies’ responsible use of AI is included in ESG investment analyses and (2) what connections can be found between principles of responsible AI and ESG ranking criteria. We conducted a series of expert interviews and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Awareness of AI issues, measuring AI impacts, and governing AI processes emerged as the three main themes in the analysis. The findings indicate that AI is still a relatively unknown topic for investors, and taking the responsible use of AI into account in ESG analyses is not an established practice. However, AI is recognized as a potentially material issue for various industries and companies, indicating that its incorporation into ESG evaluations may be justified. There is a need for standardized metrics for AI responsibility, while critical bottlenecks and asymmetrical knowledge relations must be tackled.
Nonlinear continuum mechanics of thick hyperelastic sandwich beams using various shear deformable beam theories
Authors: Khaniki Hossein B. , Ghayesh Mergen H. , Chin Rey , Hussain Shahid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the time-dependent mechanics of multilayered thick hyperelastic beams are investigated for the first time using five different types of shear deformation models for modelling the beam (i.e. the Euler–Bernoulli, Timoshenko, third-order, trigonometric and exponential shear deformable models), together with the von Kármán geometrical nonlinearity and Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic strain energy density. The laminated hyperelastic beam is assumed to be resting on a nonlinear foundation and undergoing a time-dependent external force. The coupled highly nonlinear hyperelastic equations of motion are obtained by considering the longitudinal, transverse and rotation motions and are solved using a dynamic equilibrium technique. Both the linear and nonlinear time-dependent mechanics of the structure are analysed for clamped–clamped and pinned–pinned boundaries, and the impact of considering the shear effect using different shear deformation theories is discussed in detail. The influence of layering, each layer’s thickness, hyperelastic material positioning and many other parameters on the nonlinear frequency response is analysed, and it is shown that the resonance position, maximum amplitude, coupled motion and natural frequencies vary significantly for various hyperelastic and layer properties. The results of this study should be useful when studying layered soft structures, such as multilayer plastic packaging and laminated tubes, as well as modelling layered soft tissues.
A new analytical approach to investigate the influence of wood extracts on the curing properties of phenol-resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF) adhesives
Authors: Özparpucu Merve , Windeisen-Holzhauser Elisabeth , Wegener Gerd , Richter Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the interactions between a phenol–formaldehyde resorcinol (PRF) adhesive and water-extractable wood constituents were investigated using combined in-situ FTIR spectroscopy and rheology analysis for a simultaneous examination of the progress of chemical reactions and coherent changes in rheological properties during adhesive curing. Complementary evolved gas analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) were performed to detect differences in the final crosslinking and chemical composition of the cured adhesive, respectively. The rheological and chemical analysis results correlated with the tensile shear strength of wood-PRF assemblies. The results showed that adhesive curing was significantly affected by the presence of acidic wood extractives. In particular, the acidic extractives of chestnut wood led to a delay in the resin curing and less final crosslinking of the cured adhesive. This was most likely caused by a reduction in the catalytic effect of the base-catalyzed curing of the adhesive rather than by direct chemical reactions between the extracts and adhesive. These findings can be useful for adapting the resin formulation to the chemistry of acidic wood species.
Avelumab in paediatric patients with refractory or relapsed solid tumours: dose-escalation results from an open-label, single-arm, phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Loeb David M. , Lee Ji Won , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Samson Yvan , Uyttebroeck Anne , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Van Damme An , Nysom Karsten , Macy Margaret E. , Zorzi Alexandra P. , Xiong Julia , Pollert Petra , Joerg Ingrid , Vugmeyster Yulia , Ruisi Mary , Kang Hyoung Jin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We report dose-escalation results from an open-label, phase 1/2 trial evaluating avelumab (anti-PD-L1) in paediatric patients with refractory/relapsed solid tumours.

Methods
In phase 1, patients aged < 18 years with solid (including central nervous system [CNS]) tumours for which standard therapy did not exist or had failed were enrolled in sequential cohorts of 3–6 patients. Patients received avelumab 10 or 20 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs).

Results
At data cut-off (27 July 2021), 21 patients aged 3–17 years had received avelumab 10 mg/kg (n = 6) or 20 mg/kg (n = 15). One patient had three events that were classified as a DLT (fatigue with hemiparesis and muscular weakness associated with pseudoprogression; 20 mg/kg cohort). Grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred in five (83%) and 11 (73%) patients in the 10 and 20 mg/kg cohorts, respectively, and were treatment-related in one patient (7%; grade 3 [DLT]) in the 20 mg/kg cohort. Avelumab exposure in paediatric patients receiving 20 mg/kg dosing, but not 10 mg/kg, was comparable or higher compared with approved adult dosing (10 mg/kg or 800 mg flat dose). No objective responses were observed. Four patients with CNS tumours (20 mg/kg cohort) achieved stable disease, which was ongoing in two patients with astrocytoma at cut-off (for 24.7 and 30.3 months).

Conclusion
In paediatric patients with refractory/relapsed solid tumours, avelumab monotherapy showed a safety profile consistent with previous adult studies, but clinical benefits were limited.
Artificial intelligence software available for medical devices: surgical phase recognition in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Shinozuka Ken’ichi , Turuda Sayaka , Fujinaga Atsuro , Nakanuma Hiroaki , Kawamura Masahiro , Matsunobu Yusuke , Tanaka Yuki , Kamiyama Toshiya , Ebe Kohei , Endo Yuichi , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi , Tokuyasu Tatsushi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical process modeling automatically identifies surgical phases, and further improvement in recognition accuracy is expected with deep learning. Surgical tool or time series information has been used to improve the recognition accuracy of a model. However, it is difficult to collect this information continuously intraoperatively. The present study aimed to develop a deep convolution neural network (CNN) model that correctly identifies the surgical phase during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods
We divided LC into six surgical phases (P1–P6) and one redundant phase (P0). We prepared 115 LC videos and converted them to image frames at 3 fps. Three experienced doctors labeled the surgical phases in all image frames. Our deep CNN model was trained with 106 of the 115 annotation datasets and was evaluated with the remaining datasets. By depending on both the prediction probability and frequency for a certain period, we aimed for highly accurate surgical phase recognition in the operation room.

Results
Nine full LC videos were converted into image frames and were fed to our deep CNN model. The average accuracy, precision, and recall were 0.970, 0.855, and 0.863, respectively.

Conclusion
The deep learning CNN model in this study successfully identified both the six surgical phases and the redundant phase, P0, which may increase the versatility of the surgical process recognition model for clinical use. We believe that this model can be used in artificial intelligence for medical devices. The degree of recognition accuracy is expected to improve with developments in advanced deep learning algorithms.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the biomechanical properties of the human dura mater applicable in computational human head models
Authors: Pearcy Quinton , Tomlinson Joanna , Niestrawska Justyna A. , Möbius Dustin , Zhang Ming , Zwirner Johann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccurate biomechanical properties of the human dura mater are required for computational models and to fabricate artificial substitutes for transplantation and surgical training purposes. Here, a systematic literature review was performed to summarize the biomechanical properties of the human dura mater that are reported in the literature. Furthermore, anthropometric data, information regarding the mechanically tested samples, and specifications with respect to the used mechanical testing setup were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain the pooled mean estimate for the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and strain at maximum force. A total of 17 studies were deemed eligible, which focused on human cranial and spinal dura mater in 13 and 4 cases, respectively. Pooled mean estimates for the elastic modulus (n = 448), the ultimate tensile strength (n = 448), and the strain at maximum force (n = 431) of 68.1 MPa, 7.3 MPa and 14.4% were observed for native cranial dura mater. Gaps in the literature related to the extracted data were identified and future directions for mechanical characterizations of human dura mater were formulated. The main conclusion is that the most commonly used elastic modulus value of 31.5 MPa for the simulation of the human cranial dura mater in computational head models is likely an underestimation and an oversimplification given the morphological diversity of the tissue in different brain regions. Based on the here provided meta-analysis, a stiffer linear elastic modulus of 68 MPa was observed instead. However, further experimental data are essential to confirm its validity.
An efficient line-based approach for resolving merge conflicts in XMI-based models
Authors: de la Vega Alfonso , Kolovos Dimitris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConflicts in software artefacts can appear during collaborative development through version control systems. When these conflicts happen in XMI models, the conflict sections generated by diff programs break the XMI serialisation and compromise the ability to use model editors that assume well-formedness of this serialisation. While these conflict sections already mark the conflicting lines of the model, current tools for conflict resolution in models ignore them and instead load the different versions of a model from the repository, over which they perform a full and costly comparison that re-identifies the conflicts. We present a novel approach that prevents this repetition of work by directly parsing XMI-based models with conflict sections, which allows for a targeted analysis of only the lines of the model that have been detected to be in conflict by the version control system. We have implemented this approach in the Peacemaker tool, which can load XMI models with conflict sections, compute and display conflicts at the model level, and provide appropriate resolution actions. Compared with state-of-the-art model comparison tools with support for conflict resolution, Peacemaker is able to identify the vast majority of conflicts in models while reducing the required time by up to 60%. The small subset of non-identified conflicts does not introduce issues into the models, e.g. there is no loss of model information, and the resulting models after line-merging these conflicts conform to their metamodels.
Dynamically Incoherent Surface Endomorphisms
Authors: Hall Layne , Hammerlindl Andy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe explicitly construct a dynamically incoherent partially hyperbolic endomorphisms of $${{\,\mathrm{\mathbb {T}}\,}}^2$$

T

2

in the homotopy class of any linear expanding map with integer eigenvalues. These examples exhibit branching of centre curves along countably many circles, and thus exhibit a form of coherence that has not been observed for invertible systems.