bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends, Breaks, and Biases in the Frequency of Reported Glacier Lake Outburst Floods
Authors: Veh Georg , Lützow Natalie , Kharlamova Varvara , Petrakov Dmitry , Hugonnet Romain , Korup Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier‐related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field‐based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature‐driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid‐20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.
Quantification of Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the Tibetan Plateau Surface Thermodynamic Forcing Based on the Potential Vorticity
Authors: He Bian , Sheng Chen , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Tang Yiqiong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new index based on the potential vorticity (PV) framework is proposed for the quantification of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) surface thermodynamic and dynamic forcing. The results show that the derived TP surface PV (SPV) includes the topographical effect, near‐surface absolute vorticity, and land–air potential temperature differences. The climatological annual cycle of the SPV suggests that the TP transitions from a cooling to a heating source in April. The SPV reaches a maximum from June to August, which is consistent with the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon precipitation. Further analysis suggests that the intensified SPV in the boreal summer results in a low‐level cyclonic circulation anomaly associated with increased precipitation over the southeastern slope of the TP and South China and decreased precipitation over the Indian Ocean. In winter, the intensified SPV is associated with local cold air and divergence at the TP surface.
Simulation of Infrasonic Acoustic Wave Imprints on Airglow Layers During the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake
Authors: Inchin P. A. , Guerrero J. Aguilar , Snively J. B. , Kaneko Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSimulations of hypothesized but unobserved mesopause airglow (MA) disturbances generated by infrasonic acoustic waves (IAWs) during the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura earthquake are performed. Realistic surface displacements are calculated in a forward seismic wave propagation model and incorporated into a 3‐D nonlinear compressible neutral atmosphere model as a source of IAWs at the surface‐air interface. Inchin et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020av000260 previously showed that Global Positioning System‐based total electron content (TEC) observations can be used to constrain the finite‐fault kinematics of the Kaikoura earthquake. However, due to limitations of Global Navigation Satellite System network coverage and coalescence of nonlinear IAW fronts, they pointed to the relative insensitivity of the observed near‐zenith TEC perturbations to the rupture evolution on the Papatea fault (PF). Here, we demonstrate that MA observations may have been able to supplement the investigation of the PF, providing information on both the timing of rupture initiation and its direction of propagation. The amplitudes of perturbations of vertically integrated volume emission rates for the simulated hydroxyl (OH)(3,1) and atomic oxygen O(1S) 557.7 nm reach ∼18% peak‐to‐peak, and ∼3.2% (5.8 K) peak‐to‐peak perturbations in OH(3,1) temperature. Our results suggest that observations of nighttime MA imprints of coseismic IAWs are feasible with ground‐based imagers, and may supplement the study of finite‐fault kinematics of large crustal earthquakes.
Effects of Regional Thermal State on the Crustal Annulus Relaxation of Lunar Large Impact Basins
Authors: Ding Min , Zhu Meng‐Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Moon reveals striking asymmetries in the crustal structure and chemical composition between its nearside and farside. With the gravity‐based crustal thickness model, we find that most large impact basins with rim diameters greater than 450 km on the nearside have no crustal annulus, which is instead common for basins on the farside. Previous impact hydrodynamic simulations show that the thermal state has significant influences on the impact cratering process. However, the effects of the thermal state on the long‐term post‐impact relaxation, not well studied, may be equally important for explaining the different crustal annulus structures between the nearside and farside basins. In this work, we export crustal structure and impact‐induced thermal anomaly from impact hydrodynamic simulations to subsequent post‐impact viscoelastic relaxation models, and vary the near‐surface temperature gradient and radiogenic element content (represented by Th content as a proxy) to explore influences of the crustal thermal state on the post‐impact relaxation of the annulus. Our modeling results indicate that as the basin structure starts with a relatively hot state and cools afterwards, a prolonged high‐temperature (>1,200 K) duration of the crustal annulus is required for its effective relaxation, which corresponds to a high near‐surface temperature gradient or Th content of the crust. More specifically, a near‐surface temperature gradient greater than 30 K/km in combination with a Th content of 4 ppm for the bulk crust (or a Th content of 10 ppm for a 10 km‐thick KREEP layer underlying the crust), likely representing the early thermal state of the nearside, can produce the complete annulus relaxation. In contrast, a near‐surface temperature gradient lower than 20 K/km with a crustal Th content of 1 ppm, possibly representing the thermal state of the lunar farside, produces limited relaxation. Our modeling results show that the thermal state of the lunar crust controls the final crustal annulus structure of impact basins, which can explain the different crustal annuli of large impact basins between the nearside and farside of the Moon.
3D Flow Structures During Upwelling Events in Lakes of Moderate Size
Authors: Valbuena Sergio A. , Bombardelli Fabián A. , Cortés Alicia , Largier John L. , Roberts Derek C. , Forrest Alexander L. , Schladow S. Geoffrey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUpwelling can impact water quality dynamics in stratified water bodies. Conceptual models generally classify the upwelling response to winds in lakes into either a non‐rotational (2D, closed‐basin) model or a rotational (coastal upwelling) counterpart. The non‐rotational model is broadly applied in rotationally influenced lakes. The upwelling response to winds in stratified lakes may exhibit elements of both conceptual models. Here, we present the results of simulations with an accurate three‐dimensional numerical model of a lake of moderate size (Lake Tahoe, California–Nevada, USA), and focus our analyses on addressing the influence of the Coriolis force during the upwelling setup and relaxation phases. Upwelling was observed at the upwind boundary as well as along the coast to the left of the mean wind direction due to Ekman‐driven divergence. On the downwind shoreline, where downwelling occurs, alongshore currents appeared in response to wind forcing. Following the relaxation of the wind, our simulations reveal, for the first time, the existence of powerful cyclonic alongshore currents in lakes of moderate size, which are found to be in quasi‐geostrophic balance. These currents followed the characteristics of coastal jets often observed in large lakes and the coastal ocean. Our work leads us to conclude that upwelling setup in lakes with length scales ≈20 km and Burger numbers S < 1, exhibits a combination of dynamics predicted by both the non‐rotational, 2D, closed basin model, and the rotational coastal‐upwelling conceptual model.
The newborn delivery room of tomorrow: emerging and future technologies
Authors: Batey Natalie , Henry Caroline , Garg Shalabh , Wagner Michael , Malhotra Atul , Valstar Michel , Smith Thomas , Sharkey Don ,   the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) Neonatal Resuscitation Section Writing Group, Niemuth Mara , Küster Helmut , Rozycki Henry , Solevåg Anne Lee , Lara-Cantón Inmaculada , Badurdeen Shiraz , Dekker Janneke , Davis Peter , Roberts Calum , te Pas Arjan , Vento Máximo , Simma Burkhard , den Boer Marieke , Herrick Heidi Meredith , Rüdiger Mario , Kaufmann Maxi , Aichner Heidi , Gupta Samir , deBoode Willem , Roehr Charles Christoph , Nakstad Britt , Hooper Stuart , Batey Natalie , Henry Caroline , Garg Shalabh , Wagner Michael , Malhotra Atul , Valstar Michel , Smith Thomas , Sharkey Don 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved outcomes for high-risk newborns with technologies playing a significant part although many were developed for the neonatal intensive care unit. The care provided in the delivery room (DR) during the first few minutes of life can impact short- and long-term neonatal outcomes. Increasingly, technologies have a critical role to play in the DR particularly with monitoring and information provision. However, the DR is a unique environment and has major challenges around the period of foetal to neonatal transition that need to be overcome when developing new technologies. This review focuses on current DR technologies as well as those just emerging and further over the horizon. We identify what key opinion leaders in DR care think of current technologies, what the important DR measures are to them, and which technologies might be useful in the future. We link these with key technologies including respiratory function monitors, electoral impedance tomography, videolaryngoscopy, augmented reality, video recording, eye tracking, artificial intelligence, and contactless monitoring. Encouraging funders and industry to address the unique technological challenges of newborn care in the DR will allow the continued improvement of outcomes of high-risk infants from the moment of birth.

Impact

Technological advances for newborn delivery room care require consideration of the unique environment, the variable patient characteristics, and disease states, as well as human factor challenges.

Neonatology as a speciality has embraced technology, allowing its rapid progression and improved outcomes for infants, although innovation in the delivery room often lags behind that in the intensive care unit.

Investing in new and emerging technologies can support healthcare providers when optimising care and could improve training, safety, and neonatal outcomes.
Siderophores as an iron source for picocyanobacteria in deep chlorophyll maximum layers of the oligotrophic ocean
Authors: Hogle Shane L , Hackl Thomas , Bundy Randelle M , Park Jiwoon , Satinsky Brandon , Hiltunen Teppo , Biller Steven , Berube Paul M , Chisholm Sallie W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the most abundant photosynthesizing organisms in the oceans. Gene content variation among picocyanobacterial populations in separate ocean basins often mirrors the selective pressures imposed by the region’s distinct biogeochemistry. By pairing genomic datasets with trace metal concentrations from across the global ocean, we show that the genomic capacity for siderophore-mediated iron uptake is widespread in Synechococcus and low-light adapted Prochlorococcus populations from deep chlorophyll maximum layers of iron-depleted regions of the oligotrophic Pacific and S. Atlantic oceans: Prochlorococcus siderophore consumers were absent in the N. Atlantic ocean (higher new iron flux) but constituted up to half of all Prochlorococcus genomes from metagenomes in the N. Pacific (lower new iron flux). Picocyanobacterial siderophore consumers, like many other bacteria with this trait, also lack siderophore biosynthesis genes indicating that they scavenge exogenous siderophores from seawater. Statistical modeling suggests that the capacity for siderophore uptake is endemic to remote ocean regions where atmospheric iron fluxes are the smallest, especially at deep chlorophyll maximum and primary nitrite maximum layers. We argue that abundant siderophore consumers at these two common oceanographic features could be a symptom of wider community iron stress, consistent with prior hypotheses. Our results provide a clear example of iron as a selective force driving the evolution of marine picocyanobacteria.
Association between FIASMA psychotropic medications and reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study
Authors: Hoertel Nicolas , Sánchez-Rico Marina , Gulbins Erich , Kornhuber Johannes , Carpinteiro Alexander , Abellán Miriam , de la Muela Pedro , Vernet Raphaël , Beeker Nathanaël , Neuraz Antoine , Delcuze Aude , Alvarado Jesús M. , Cougoule Céline , Meneton Pierre , Limosin Frédéric ,   On behalf of AP-HP/Université de Paris/INSERM COVID-19 research collaboration/AP-HP COVID CDR Initiative/“Entrepôt de Données de Santé” AP-HP Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system may provide a useful framework for better understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection and the repurposing of psychotropic medications functionally inhibiting the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system (named FIASMA psychotropic medications) against COVID-19. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA psychotropic medications in patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19, in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 545 adult inpatients, 164 (30.1%) received a FIASMA psychotropic medication upon hospital admission for COVID-19. We compared the composite endpoint of intubation or death between patients who received a psychotropic FIASMA medication at baseline and those who did not in time-to-event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and other medical comorbidity, and other medications. FIASMA psychotropic medication use at baseline was significantly associated with reduced risk of intubation or death in both crude (HR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.31–0.57; p < 0.01) and primary inverse probability weighting (IPW) (HR = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.37–0.67; p < 0.01) analyses. This association was not specific to one FIASMA psychotropic class or medication. Patients taking a FIASMA antidepressant at baseline had a significantly reduced risk of intubation or death compared with those taking a non-FIASMA antidepressant at baseline in both crude (HR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.38–0.86; p < 0.01) and primary IPW (HR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.37–0.87; p < 0.01) analyses. These associations remained significant in multiple sensitivity analyses. Our results show the potential importance of the ASM/ceramide system framework in COVID-19 and support the continuation of FIASMA psychotropic medications in these patients and the need of large- scale clinical trials evaluating FIASMA medications, and particularly FIASMA antidepressants, against COVID-19.
Mechanism of cooperative N-glycan processing by the multi-modular endoglycosidase EndoE
Authors: García-Alija Mikel , Du Jonathan J. , Ordóñez Izaskun , Diz-Vallenilla Asier , Moraleda-Montoya Alicia , Sultana Nazneen , Huynh Chau G. , Li Chao , Donahue Thomas Connor , Wang Lai-Xi , Trastoy Beatriz , Sundberg Eric J. , Guerin Marcelo E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacteria produce a remarkably diverse range of glycoside hydrolases to metabolize glycans from the environment as a primary source of nutrients, and to promote the colonization and infection of a host. Here we focus on EndoE, a multi-modular glycoside hydrolase secreted byEnterococcus faecalis, one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections. We provide X-ray crystal structures of EndoE, which show an architecture composed of four domains, including GH18 and GH20 glycoside hydrolases connected by two consecutive three α-helical bundles. We determine that the GH20 domain is an exo-β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminidase, whereas the GH18 domain is an endo-β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase that exclusively processes the central core of complex-type or high-mannose-typeN-glycans. Both glycoside hydrolase domains act in a concerted manner to process diverseN-glycans on glycoproteins, including therapeutic IgG antibodies. EndoE combines two enzyme domains with distinct functions and glycan specificities to play a dual role in glycan metabolism and immune evasion.
Loss of transcriptional plasticity but sustained adaptive capacity after adaptation to global change conditions in a marine copepod
Authors: Brennan Reid S. , deMayo James A. , Dam Hans G. , Finiguerra Michael B. , Baumann Hannes , Pespeni Melissa H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity will fuel resilience in the geologically unprecedented warming and acidification of the earth’s oceans, however, we have much to learn about the interactions and costs of these mechanisms of resilience. Here, using 20 generations of experimental evolution followed by three generations of reciprocal transplants, we investigated the relationship between adaptation and plasticity in the marine copepod,Acartia tonsa, in future global change conditions (high temperature and high CO2). We found parallel adaptation to global change conditions in genes related to stress response, gene expression regulation, actin regulation, developmental processes, and energy production. However, reciprocal transplantation showed that adaptation resulted in a loss of transcriptional plasticity, reduced fecundity, and reduced population growth when global change-adapted animals were returned to ambient conditions or reared in low food conditions. However, after three successive transplant generations, global change-adapted animals were able to match the ambient-adaptive transcriptional profile. Concurrent changes in allele frequencies and erosion of nucleotide diversity suggest that this recovery occurred via adaptation back to ancestral conditions. These results demonstrate that while plasticity facilitated initial survival in global change conditions, it eroded after 20 generations as populations adapted, limiting resilience to new stressors and previously benign environments.
Tig1 regulates proximo-distal identity during salamander limb regeneration
Authors: Oliveira Catarina R. , Knapp Dunja , Elewa Ahmed , Gerber Tobias , Gonzalez Malagon Sandra G. , Gates Phillip B. , Walters Hannah E. , Petzold Andreas , Arce Hernan , Cordoba Rodrigo C. , Subramanian Elaiyaraja , Chara Osvaldo , Tanaka Elly M. , Simon András , Yun Maximina H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSalamander limb regeneration is an accurate process which gives rise exclusively to the missing structures, irrespective of the amputation level. This suggests that cells in the stump have an awareness of their spatial location, a property termed positional identity. Little is known about how positional identity is encoded, in salamanders or other biological systems. Through single-cell RNAseq analysis, we identified Tig1/Rarres1 as a potential determinant of proximal identity. Tig1 encodes a conserved cell surface molecule, is regulated by retinoic acid and exhibits a graded expression along the proximo-distal axis of the limb. Its overexpression leads to regeneration defects in the distal elements and elicits proximal displacement of blastema cells, while its neutralisation blocks proximo-distal cell surface interactions. Critically, Tig1 reprogrammes distal cells to a proximal identity, upregulating Prod1 and inhibiting Hoxa13 and distal transcriptional networks. Thus, Tig1 is a central cell surface determinant of proximal identity in the salamander limb.
Chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of a tetraploid potato cultivar
Authors: Sun Hequan , Jiao Wen-Biao , Krause Kristin , Campoy José A. , Goel Manish , Folz-Donahue Kat , Kukat Christian , Huettel Bruno , Schneeberger Korbinian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPotato is the most widely produced tuber crop worldwide. However, reconstructing the four haplotypes of its autotetraploid genome remained an unsolved challenge. Here, we report the 3.1 Gb haplotype-resolved (at 99.6% precision), chromosome-scale assembly of the potato cultivar ‘Otava’ based on high-quality long reads, single-cell sequencing of 717 pollen genomes and Hi-C data. Unexpectedly, ~50% of the genome was identical-by-descent due to recent inbreeding, which was contrasted by highly abundant structural rearrangements involving ~20% of the genome. Among 38,214 genes, only 54% were present in all four haplotypes with an average of 3.2 copies per gene. Taking the leaf transcriptome as an example, 11% of the genes were differently expressed in at least one haplotype, where 25% of them were likely regulated through allele-specific DNA methylation. Our work sheds light on the recent breeding history of potato, the functional organization of its tetraploid genome and has the potential to strengthen the future of genomics-assisted breeding.