bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingival tissue antibody gene utilization in aging and periodontitis
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Nguyen Linh M. , Gonzalez Octavio A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study used a nonhuman primate model of ligature‐induced periodontitis to document the characteristics of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene usage in gingival tissues with disease and affected by age.BackgroundAdaptive immune responses to an array of oral bacteria are routinely detected in local gingival tissues and the systemic circulation across the human population. The level and diversity of antibody increases with periodontitis, reflecting the increased quantity of B cells and plasmacytes in the tissues at sites of periodontal lesions.MethodsMacaca mulatta (n = 36) in four groups (young – ≤3 years; adolescent >3–7 years; adult – 12–15 years; aged – 17‐23 years) were used in this study. Gingival tissues were sampled at baseline (health), 2 weeks (initiation), 1 and 3 months (progression), and 5 months (resolution) of the lesion development and transcriptomic analysis included 78 Ig‐related genes.ResultsThe results demonstrated extensive variation in Ig gene usage patterns and changes with the disease process that was substantially affected by the age of the animal. Of note was that the aged animals generally demonstrated elevated expression on multiple Ig genes even in the baseline/healthy gingival tissues. The expression levels revealed 5 aggregates of Ig gene change profiles across the age groups. The number of gene changes were greatly increased in adult animals with the initiation of disease, while the young and adolescent animals showed extensive changes with disease progression. Elevated Ig gene transcripts remained with disease resolution except in the aged animals. The response profiles demonstrated selective heavy/light change gene transcripts that differed with age and clustering of the transcript expression was dominated by the age of the animals.ConclusionsThe results suggested potential critical variations in the molecular aspects of Ig gene expression in gingival tissues that can contribute to understanding the kinetics of periodontal lesions, as well as the variation in episodes, rapidity of progression, and role in resolution that are impacted by age.
Revisiting the cave‐dwelling sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Brazil: Diversity and potential role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)
Authors: Dutra‐Rêgo Felipe , Freire Mariana Lourenço , Carvalho Gustavo Mayr de Lima , Andrade‐Filho José Dilermando 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBrazilian caves, one of the many tourist attractions of the country, may act as a shelter for insects, such as sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), natural hosts of various microorganisms including parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903. In the last decades, with the increasing global need for sustainable development, ecotourism has emerged as one of the major activities in Brazil. However, the constant monitoring in environmentally protected areas is not often carried out, endangering visitors and professionals, especially due to the occurrence of zoonoses. Several sand fly species have already been recorded in Brazilian caves, drawing attention to the possibility of Leishmania transmission at this ecotope. Indeed, this current systematic review summarizes the fauna of cave‐dwelling sand flies in Brazil, focusing on their biological behaviour and the occurrence of potential vectors of Leishmania parasites.
Higher leaf nitrogen content is linked to tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration and more efficient water use across dryland trees
Authors: Querejeta José Ignacio , Prieto Iván , Armas Cristina , Casanoves Fernando , Diémé Joseph S. , Diouf Mayecor , Yossi Harouna , Kaya Bocary , Pugnaire Francisco I. , Rusch Graciela M. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

The least‐cost economic theory of photosynthesis shows that water and nitrogen are mutually substitutable resources to achieve a given carbon gain. However, vegetation in the Sahel has to cope with the dual challenge imposed by drought and nutrient‐poor soils.

We addressed how variation in leaf nitrogen per area (Narea) modulates leaf oxygen and carbon isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C), as proxies of stomatal conductance and water‐use efficiency, across 34 Sahelian woody species.

Dryland species exhibited diverging leaf δ18O and δ13C values, indicating large interspecific variation in time‐integrated stomatal conductance and water‐use efficiency. Structural equation modeling revealed that leaf Narea is a pivotal trait linked to multiple water‐use traits. Leaf Narea was positively linked to both δ18O and δ13C, suggesting higher carboxylation capacity and tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration in N‐rich species, which allows them to achieve higher water‐use efficiency and more conservative water use.

These adaptations represent a key physiological advantage of N‐rich species, such as legumes, that could contribute to their dominance across many dryland regions. This is the first report of a robust mechanistic link between leaf Narea and δ18O in dryland vegetation that is consistent with core principles of plant physiology.
The dual GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 receptor agonist dapiglutide promotes barrier function in murine short bowel
Authors: Reiner Johannes , Thiery Johanna , Held Jascha , Berlin Peggy , Skarbaliene Jolanta , Vollmar Brigitte , Jaster Robert , Eriksson Per‐Olof , Lamprecht Georg , Witte Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShort bowel syndrome can occur after extensive intestinal resection, causing intestinal insufficiency or intestinal failure, which requires long‐term parenteral nutrition. Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) pharmacotherapy is now clinically used to reduce the disease burden of intestinal failure. However, many patients still cannot be weaned off from parenteral nutrition completely. The novel dual GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 receptor agonist dapiglutide has previously been shown to be highly effective in a preclinical murine short bowel model. Here, we studied the effects of dapiglutide on intestinal epithelial barrier function. In the jejunum, dapiglutide increased claudin‐7 expression and tightened the paracellular tight junction leak pathway. At the same time, dapiglutide promoted paracellular tight junction cation size selectivity in the jejunum. This was paralleled by extension of the cation selective tight junction proteins claudin‐2 and claudin‐10b and preserved claudin‐15 expression and localization along the crypt–villus axis in the jejunum. In the colon, no barrier effects from dapiglutide were observed. In the colon, dapiglutide attenuated the short bowel–associated, compensatorily increased epithelial sodium channel activity, likely secondary, by improved volume status. Future studies are needed to address the intestinal adaptation of the colon.
Conduction system pacing vs. biventricular pacing in patients with ventricular dysfunction and AV block
Authors: Pujol‐López Margarida , Jiménez Arjona Rafael , Guasch Eduard , Borràs Roger , Doltra Adelina , Vázquez‐Calvo Sara , Roca‐Luque Ivo , Garre Paz , Ferró Elisenda , Niebla Mireia , Carro Esther , Puente Jose L. , Uribe Laura , Invers Eric , Castel Maria Ángeles , Arbelo Elena , Sitges Marta , Mont Lluís , Tolosana José M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing (HPCSP), as either His bundle or left bundle branch pacing, could be an alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy (BiVCRT) for patients with left ventricular dysfunction needing ventricular pacing due to atrioventricular block. The aim of the study is to compare the echocardiographic response and clinical improvement between HPCSP and BiVCRT.MethodsConsecutive patients who successfully received HPCSP were compared with a historical cohort of BiVCRT patients. Patients were 1:1 matched by age, LVEF, atrial fibrillation, renal function and cardiomyopathy type. Responders were defined as patients who survived, did not require heart transplantation and increased LVEF ≥5 points at 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsHPCSP was successfully achieved in 92.5% (25/27) of patients. During follow‐up, 8% (2/25) of HPCSP patients died and 4% (1/25) received a heart transplant, whereas 4% (1/25) of those in the BiVCRT cohort died. LVEF improvement was 10% ± 8% HPCSP versus 7% ± 5% BiVCRT (p = .24), and the percentage of responders was 76% (19/25) HPCSP versus 64% (16/25) BiVCRT (p = .33). Among survivors, the percentage of patients who improved from baseline II–IV mitral regurgitation (MR) to 0–I MR was 9/11 (82%) versus 2/8 (25%) (p = .02). Compared to those with BiVCRT, patients with HPCSP achieved better NYHA improvement: 1 point versus 0.5 (OR 0.34; p = .02).ConclusionHPCSP in patients with LVEF ≤45% and atrioventricular block improved the LVEF and induced a response similar to that of BiVCRT. HPCSP significantly improved MR and NYHA functional class. HPCSP may be an alternative to BiVCRT in these patients. (Figure 1. Central Illustration).Central illustration. Two therapeutic approaches in patients with ventricular dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 45%) and indication for pacing due to AV block: His Purkinje conduction system pacing (A) and biventricular CRT (B). HPCSP with either HBP or LBBP in patients with LVEF ≤45% dysfunction and a ventricular pacing indication showed an echocardiographic response at the 6‐month follow‐up comparable to that of biventricular CRT. Abbreviations: CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; HBP, His bundle pacing; LBBP, left bundle branch pacing [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]image
A regional multidisciplinary network enhances child abuse case management
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihiro , Shiga Kentaro , Kikuchi Nobuyuki , Kurihara Yachiyo , Sato Atsuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported an inadequate response to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) cases under 24 months of age in Yokohama from 2011 to 2013. Hence, it is very important to evaluate how the establishment of a regional multidisciplinary network for child abuse affects the response to ICH cases in medical institutions.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey of ICH cases under 24 months of age from 2014 to 2016 using a regional multidisciplinary network for child abuse established in Yokohama in September 2013. We investigated the patients' characteristics, examinations to identify inflicted injury, and reports made to the hospital‐based child protection team (CPT) or regional child protective service (CPS), and compared the results of a previous study and the current study, which corresponds to before and after the establishment of the regional network, respectively.ResultsThe total number of ICH cases was 50 in 3 years. The number of cases surveyed for covert fracture and fundus hemorrhage increased significantly after the establishment of the regional network (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0182, respectively). The number of cases reported as suspected child abuse was 41 (82%) to the hospital‐based CPTs and 27 (54%) to the regional CPSs. There were significant differences between before and after the establishment of the regional network regarding CPT (P = 0.0062) and CPS (P = 0.0215) reports.ConclusionsA regional multidisciplinary network can enhance response and cooperation to address child abuse. It deepens our understanding of such care and improves awareness by hospital personnel of child abuse.
Managing bureaucratic reputation in the face of crises: An experimental examination of the effect of strategic communication
Authors: Lee Danbee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch on bureaucratic reputation has found that public organizations respond strategically to reputational threats. To understand better the way public organizations should communicate with their external audiences, upon which they depend for necessary resources and democratic legitimacy, this study examines the effectiveness of various communication strategies that agencies often use in response to a crisis. The results of a series of vignette experiments involving US adults show that an agency's communication strategy in response to crises does indeed influence citizens' reputation judgments. Specifically, compared with remaining silent, organizations that offer the public explanations of crises mitigate their reputational losses more effectively. Further, this study finds that people's prior reputation judgments and the nature of the crisis itself are important factors involved in the formation of reputation judgments, although these findings contradict communication theories. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Mothers of children with down syndrome: A qualitative study of experiences of breastfeeding and breastfeeding support
Authors: Jönsson Lisbeth , Olsson Tyby Christina , Hullfors Sara , Lundqvist Pia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with down syndrome (DS) are breastfed to a lesser extent than infants in general, despite research showing that it is possible for these children to breastfeed successfully.AimThe aim was to describe how mothers of children with DS experienced breastfeeding and breastfeeding support from healthcare professionals.MethodA qualitative study with an inductive approach. Individual interviews were performed with seven mothers from southern Sweden. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultThe mothers felt that the support varied, as some healthcare professionals were supportive, while others had preconceptions regarding breastfeeding and DS. They also experienced that the guidelines could be an obstacle in the encounter with healthcare professionals thereby affecting the possibility to establish breastfeeding. Information and support were important to the mothers, and when insufficient, they turned to the internet for help.ConclusionsMothers felt that healthcare professionals were bound to ward routines and guidelines, which could be contrary to their own and the family's wishes. They were also sensitive to the attitudes of healthcare professionals, which can affect their own state of mind. Healthcare professionals' preconceptions regarding breastfeeding and DS have not changed, despite research showing that infants with DS can breastfeed successfully. Increased awareness of the possibility to breastfeed an infant with DS is needed to provide better support to mothers.
Validating and testing a measure of anti‐semitism on support for QAnon and vote intention for Trump in 2020
Authors: Levin Ines , Filindra Alexandra , Kopstein Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveKnowledge on anti‐semitism and its effects as an attitude is limited. We seek to assess its relationship with other out‐group measures and its predictive ability on political judgments. We seek to (a) study the properties of a measure of anti‐semitism; (b) explore the relationship between anti‐semitism and other frequently used measures of out‐group attitudes; (c) assess the key demographic predictors of endorsement of anti‐semitic beliefs; (d) evaluate the predictive ability of our measure of anti‐semitism in models predicting support for the QAnon conspiracy theory and vote for Trump in the 2020 election.Data and MethodsThis study utilizes two national online surveys fielded in January and August 2020 that are weighted to match the U.S. population. We utilize a Bayesian factor analytic approach to assess the relationship between various out‐group measures. We also use regression analyses to predict the correlates of anti‐semitism and to test the relationship between anti‐semitism and support for QAnon and for Trump.ResultsOur results show that anti‐semitism shares more variance with xenophobia than anti‐black prejudice suggesting that people tend to perceive Jews as national outsiders not as racial others. Furthermore, anti‐semitism is a strong positive predictor of both support for QAnon and intent to vote for Donald Trump.
Combined thermographic phosphor and digital image correlation (TP + DIC) for simultaneous temperature and strain measurements
Authors: Jones Elizabeth M. C. , Jones Amanda R. , Winters Caroline 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermographic phosphors (TP) are combined with stereo digital image correlation (DIC) in a novel diagnostic, TP + DIC, to measure full‐field surface strains and temperatures simultaneously. The TP + DIC method is presented, including corrections for nonlinear CMOS camera detectors and generation of pixel‐wise calibration curves to relate the known temperature to the ratio of pixel intensities between two distinct wavelength bands. Additionally, DIC is employed not only for strain measurements but also for accurate image registration between the two cameras for the two‐colour ratio method approach of phosphoric thermography. TP + DIC is applied to characterize the thermo‐mechanical response of 304L stainless steel dog bones during tensile testing at different strain rates. The dog bones are patterned for DIC with Mg3F2GeO4:Mn (MFG) via aerosol deposition through a shadow mask. Temperatures up to 425°K (150°C) and strains up to 1.0 mm/mm are measured in the localized necking region, with conservative noise levels of 10°K and 0.01 mm/mm or less. Finally, TP + DIC is compared to the more established method of combining infrared (IR) thermography with DIC (IR + DIC), with results agreeing favourably. Three topics of continued research are identified, including cracking of the aerosol‐deposited phosphor DIC features, incomplete illumination for pixels on the border of the phosphor features, and phosphor emission evolution as a function of applied substrate strain. This work demonstrates the combination of phosphor thermography and DIC and lays the foundation for further development of TP + DIC for testing in combined thermo‐mechancial environments.
Peripartum hyponatraemia: an overview of physiology, prevention and management
Authors: Demertzidou Eleftheria , Zill‐E‐Huma Rabia , Modi Mona 
Published: May 2022

Key content
Hyponatraemia in labour is a common but underreported condition. It can cause considerable complications, altering the management of labour, and fetal and maternal outcomes.
Pregnant women are predisposed to hyponatraemia because of the physiological changes in water and sodium homeostasis occurring in pregnancy and the peripartum period.
Prevention is key to improving women’s wellbeing in the peripartum period. Fluid balance charts, alongside the partogram, should be an integral part of any low and high‐risk labour management strategy.
There is an urgent need for national guidance to enable clinicians to make appropriate decisions.
Learning objectives
To understand sodium homeostasis in pregnancy and be aware of the importance of fluid balance in labour.
To know how to prevent hyponatraemia and to detect the condition in its early stages.
To learn about the fetal impact of maternal hyponatraemia and the need for neonatal involvement in these cases.
Comparing Three Different Decoupling Control Approaches for Roll-to-Roll Printing Systems
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zheng Ying , Chen Zhihua , Deng Zhonghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An appropriate register control method for a roll-to-roll (R2R) printing system must achieve not only high register accuracy but also the smoothness of the control signal and simple implementation. This paper compares recent register control approaches, i.e., model-based feed-forward proportional differential (MFPD), direct-decoupling proportional differential (DDPD) control, and fully decoupled proportional differential (FDPD) control, with three main performance indexes including register accuracy, implementation difficulty and smoothness of control signal. The mutual conversion between the different defined register errors in the three control methods is derived, so that the different defined register errors can be reciprocally transformed. According to the proposed mutual conversion analysis, the most appropriate conditions for using the three decoupling control methods are provided, which is very useful for the control method selection in industrial applications. Experiments and comparison are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mutual conversion, which verify the derived most appropriate conditions of the three decoupling control methods.
How Does Past Performance of Competitors Influence Designers’ Cognition, Behaviors, and Outcomes?
Authors: Shergadwala Murtuza N. , Panchal Jitesh H. , Bilionis Ilias 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Existing literature on information sharing in contests has established that sharing contest-specific information influences contestant behaviors, and thereby, the outcomes of a contest. However, in the context of engineering design contests, there is a gap in knowledge about how contest-specific information such as competitors’ historical performance influences designers’ actions and the resulting design outcomes. To address this gap, the objective of this study is to quantify the influence of information about competitors’ past performance on designers’ belief about the outcomes of a contest, which influences their design decisions, and the resulting design outcomes. We focus on a single-stage design competition where an objective figure of merit is available to the contestants for assessing the performance of their design. Our approach includes (i) developing a behavioral model of sequential decision making that accounts for information about competitors’ historical performance and (ii) using the model in conjunction with a human-subject experiment where participants make design decisions given controlled strong or weak performance records of past competitors. Our results indicate that participants spend greater efforts when they know that the contest history reflects that past competitors had a strong performance record than when it reflects a weak performance record. Moreover, we quantify cognitive underpinnings of such informational influence via our model parameters. Based on the parametric inferences about participants’ cognition, we suggest that contest designers are better off not providing historical performance records if past contest outcomes do not match their expectations setup for a given design contest.
Wrench Capability Analysis and Control Allocation of a Collaborative Multi-Drone Grasping Robot
Authors: Li Zhongmou , Bégoc Vincent , Chriette Abdelhamid , Fantoni Isabelle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the wrench capability analysis, the controller design, and experimental results of an aerial robot flying gripper. This robot uses four quadrotors to actuate four fingers such as to grasp and manipulate large size objects. The yaw motion of each quadrotor is used to open/close one of the four fingers. A method is proposed to analyze its manipulability considering inequality constraints such as the propellers’ capabilities and equality constraints such as the yaw torque applied by each quadrotor to open or close a finger and the equilibrium conditions of passive joints. This allows concluding on the full manipulability of the robot and evaluating its force and torque capabilities. A dynamic control allocation algorithm is implemented to distribute the control effort among all quadrotors while guaranteeing an achievable solution satisfying the aforementioned constraints. A proof of concept is realized and allows presenting preliminary experimental results of the flying gripper.