bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable metrics‐based linear regression model for multilevel privacy measurement of face instances
Authors: Li Xuan , Huang Zhenghua , Ma Lei , Xu Yuhang , Cheng Li , Yang Zhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial networking sites have made photo sharing convenient and, consequently, users of those sites frequently share photos. The proliferation of these social images throughout the Internet has inadvertently exposed an increasing number of personally identifiable information, particularly from the visual information of the faces in the images. Most existing methods to de‐identify faces results in an excessive loss of visual information. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reliable metrics‐based linear regression model for multilevel privacy measurement of face instances using the size information of face instances. The proposed privacy measurement model provides a novel instance‐level‐based solution to measure privacy levels. The paper also establishes a scientific relationship between the size information of face instances and their privacy levels, quantifying the degree to which face instances need to be de‐identified. Finally, the paper proposes a novel k‐Same‐DT de‐identification method to provide reliable metrics for a linear regression model. It is a real‐time k‐same‐related de‐identification algorithm that combines the PCA dimensionality reduction strategy and the Delaunay triangle‐based face alignment algorithm.The proposed k‐Same‐DT method creates a de‐identified face with a lower identifiable rate and higher structural similarity, and it can provide reliable de‐identification metrics for privacy measurement. Experiments using the classical face dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed de‐identification method. Extensive experiments and surveys on real‐world social images were also conducted to verify the proposed measurement model.
Design of high‐speed software defined radar with GPU accelerator
Authors: Li Wenda , Tang Chong , Vishwakarma Shelly , Woodbridge Karl , Chetty Kevin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoftware defined radar (SDRadar) systems have become an important area for future radar development and are based on similar concepts to Software defined radio (SDR). Most of the processing like filtering, frequency conversion and signal generation are implemented in software. Currently, radar systems tend to have complex signal processing and operate at wider bandwidth, which means that limits on the available computational power must be considered when designing a SDRadar system. This paper presents a feasible solution to this potential limitation by accelerating the signal processing using a GPU to enable the development of a high speed SDRadar system. The developed system overcomes the limitation on the processing speed by CPU‐only, and has been tested on three different SDR devices. Results show that, with GPU accelerator, the processing rate can achieve up to 80 MHz compared to 20 MHz with the CPU‐only. The high speed processing makes it possible to run in real‐time and process full bandwidth across the WiFi signal acquired by multiple channels. The gains made through porting the processing to the GPU moves the technology towards real‐world application in various scenarios ranging from healthcare to IoT, and other applications that required significant computational processing.
Ernährung und Hausmittel bei Atemwegserkrankungen aus Sicht der chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Rieckmann Ruth 
Published: March 2022

SummaryErkrankungen der Atemwege und Atmungsorgane, die mit Schwäche, Schleim und Trockenheit einhergehen, lassen sich gezielt ernährungstherapeutisch beeinflussen. An die Art und Phase der Erkrankung angepasste diätetische Strategien und Hausmittel der chinesischen Medizin tragen dazu bei, die Abwehrkräfte (Wei-Qi) zu stärken, die Atemwegsbeschwerden und danach andauernde körperliche Schwäche zu lindern.Auf der Basis der Musterdifferenzierung der chinesischen Medizin ausgewählte Hausmittel wie Kraftbrühen, Essenzen und Heilpilze können in allen Phasen von der Prävention über die Therapie bis zur Rekonvaleszenz eingesetzt werden. Im Folgenden werden Strategien und Hausmittel für akute und chronische Formen von Husten/Bronchitis, Dyspnoe und COPD vorgestellt. Beim Vorliegen entsprechender Symptome und TCM-Muster kann ein flankierender Einsatz zur Prävention oder in der Rekonvaleszenz von COVID-19 erfolgen.
Wilder Thymian – bei Atemwegsinfekten etwas für Ihre Praxis!
Authors: Jobst Detmar 
Published: March 2022

SummarySie würden gerne in Ihrer Praxis mehr mit Thymian arbeiten, sind aber noch nicht dazu gekommen, sich damit zu beschäftigen, wissenschaftlich? –Wir liefern Ihnen einige Fakten
Unterschätzte Helfer: Myofunktionelle Übungen bei Schlafapnoe
Authors: Brück Sarah , Hoffmann Marisa 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBleierne Müdigkeit und Sekundenschlaf – Patienten mit Schlafapnoe leiden und sind häufig in ihrer Lebensqualität eingeschränkt. Wie Therapeuten mit myofunktionellem Training helfen können, beschreiben Kieferexpertin Marisa Hoffmann und Physiotherapeutin Sarah Brück, die sich mit dem Thema in ihrer Bachelorarbeit auseinandergesetzt hat.
A Cystic Clival Chordoma with CT and MRI Unconventional Appearances
Authors: Guadalupi Pamela , Gessi Marco , Massimi Luca , Caldarelli Massimo , Gaudino Simona 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present the first case of clival cystic chordoma with extradural location, transdural transgression, and moderate bone involvement in a 10-year-old girl. Chordoma showed unconventional appearances on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to cystic components, extradural space location with extensive intradural extension, moderate superficial bone involvement. Surgery confirmed the extradural location and histopathological examination revealed cystic chordoma. MRI and CT findings were not characteristic for a single lesion; differential diagnoses included cystic lesions such as epidermoid and dermoid cyst, ecchordosis physaliphora, and benign notochordal cell tumors.
Effects of nanomaterials on Cs3Sb photocathode emission performance
Authors: Liu Yanwen , Tian Hong , Li Fen , Wang Guojian , Wang Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2022

A new approach to preparing the cesium antimonide photocathode has been developed. A tungsten sponge diffusion barrier layer, instead of the conventional nickel pipe, was used as the evaporation source so that a slow and uniform evaporation of the photoemissive materials, whose direction and amount could be well controlled, was realized. Then, the cathode substrate surface was modified with a nanoparticle layer, resulting in better photoemissive material adsorption and higher light absorbance. A new technique of treating the tungsten sponge, which worked as the barrier layer to the diffusion of the photoemissive materials, was studied. The tungsten–copper alloy was subjected to direct high-frequency heating in a vacuum chamber so that the copper in the alloy evaporated rapidly, resulting in smooth and shiny tungsten sponge. In comparison with the conventional method for fabricating the tungsten sponge, in which the copper in the tungsten–copper alloy was removed chemically, the new method removed the copper more completely, took less time, and caused less pollution. By means of direct-current magnetic sputtering, a layer of osmium nanoparticles of 50 nm diameter was deposited on the photocathode substrate surface. Then, a diode tube for the photocathode emission test equipped with a small titanium ion pump, whose pressure was as low as 5 × 10−8 Pa, was developed. A comparative emission performance test was carried out on the photocathode with the substrate surface covered with an osmium film vs that covered with osmium nanoparticles. The highest quantum efficiencies of the stable photoemission from the two photocathodes were 1.80 × 10−3 and 5.13 × 10−3, respectively. Moreover, the light absorptivity of the osmium nanoparticle-coated photocathode was 2.16 times that of the osmium film-coated photocathode, and the quantum efficiency of the former was 2.85 times that of the latter. Therefore, the improvement in the quantum efficiency of the osmium nanoparticle-coated photocathode is mainly attributed to the increase in the light absorptivity.
Corrigendum: The gap of cultural heritage protection with climate change adaptation in the context of spatial planning. The case of Greece (2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
899 012022
Authors: Asprogerakas E , Gourgiotis A , Pantazis P , Samarina A , Konsoula P , Stavridou K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Is perioperative drop in PTH better than postoperative PTH in predicting hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery?
Authors: Hashem Mohamed , Lim CB , Balasubramanian SP 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Postoperative surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) following thyroid surgery is well known complication. Several predictive factors have been identified including perioperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The aim of the study is to determine how a drop in perioperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) compares to postoperative day one PTH in predicting hypocalcaemia.

Methods
Medical records of consecutive patients who had either total or completion thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection between January 2016 and December 2018 in a single thyroid surgery unit were accessed to retrieve data on demographics, pathology, surgery, perioperative biochemistry and management.

Results
Of 295 included patients, there were 227 (76.9%) females. Forty-five (15.3%) had completion thyroidectomy, while the rest had total thyroidectomy. Seventy-eight (26.4%) had concomitant central neck dissection.
64 (21.7%) had day 1 hypocalcaemia and this was persistent at six months in 31 patients (10.5%). Both day one PTH and drop in PTH predicted day one hypocalcaemia (P&lt;0.001) and 6-month hypoparathyroidism (p&lt;0.001). The area under ROC curves for day one PTH and drop in PTH for day one hypocalcaemia (0.729 vs 0.726 respectively) and for 6-month hypoparathyroidism (0.964 vs 0.958 respectively) were similar; albeit slightly better for day 1 PTH.

Conclusion
Day 1 PTH is equivalent to (if not better than) drop in PTH in predicting short and long term PoSH. Preoperative PTH measurements are therefore not needed in detection and/or management of PoSH after thyroid surgery.
Is the subdivision of Thy3 nodules needed? Audit reviewing the management of Thy3 nodules, and the associated malignancy rates.
Authors: Davies Brooke , Sajjanshetty Mallikarjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Following the 2014 update to the BAETS thyroid nodule cytology guidance, the management of Thy3 lesions was modified by subdivision into Thy3a and Thy3f categories. Both lesions remain indeterminate but are proposed to have differing risks of malignancy when counselling patents: these risks have been called into question by subsequent data.

Methods
This, retrospective, Audit aimed to review the management of Thy3 (Thy3a and Thy3f) cytological diagnoses, within an NHS Trust, and compare this to the BAET Guidance 2014. Further, malignancy rates for Thy3a and Thy3f cytology were made over the calculated over the period.118 patients with a Thy3 cytology identified between 2014 and 2019. Data separated into data pre-2015 and 2015 onwards.

Results
In 2014, 29% of Thy3a nodules were managed in line with 2014 BAETS guidance. This improved to 34% from 2015. Meanwhile, Thy3f diagnoses were managed mostly in favour of the BAETS guidelines – 83% in 2014 and 92% 2015 onwards. The malignancy rates found, amongst all 118 patients, were 17.2% and 14.8% for Thy3f and Thy3a nodules respectively.

Conclusions
At this institution, Thy3 cytological diagnoses, regardless of classification into Thy3a or Thy3f, were largely treated in the same way (by a diagnostic hemi-thyroidectomy). The management of the nodules may reflect a variety of factors, including how comfortable patients and surgeons are when handling uncertainty. With malignancy rates for both Thy3a and Thy3f nodules being much the same, it is not surprising that they are managed in a similar way.
Multifocal Micropapillary Thyroid Cancers: Should We Adopt a More Conservative Approach?
Authors: Woodley Niall , Rabbitte Carragh , Clark Louise 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There is a trend toward more conservative management of solitary micropapillary thyroid carcinomas (mPTC). Incidental findings of multifocal mPTC are a regular subject of discussion at multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings, however, guidance on its management is limited.

Methods
All patients discussed at the West of Scotland Thyroid Cancer MDT between November 2008 and July 2020 with multifocal mPTC (10mm or less) on the first surgical pathology specimen were included. Cases with solitary mPTC on the first surgical pathology specimen were excluded, as were any cases with pathology that would alter prognosis e.g. papillary carcinoma &gt;10mm.

Results
52 patients were included in the final analysis, representing 6% of the total cases discussed at the Thyroid cancer MDT. The incidence has increased over time. 76.9% (40) of cases were female with a mean age of 48.6. Median follow up was 23.5 months (Range 1–119). 15.4% (8) of cases had pathological lymphadenopathy on pre-operative imaging. Capsular or vascular invasion and extrathyroid extension were common (26.9%, 9.6% and 32.7% of cases respectively). 55.8% (29) of cases underwent additional treatment after the finding of multifocal mPTC. Overall, 1 (1.9%) patient developed recurrence and is still alive at 75 months follow up after salvage treatment. 1 (1.9%) patient died during follow up, not felt to be related to their thyroid disease.

Conclusion
Multifocal mPTC is an increasingly common MDT discussion. Recurrence rates are low and may respond well to salvage therapy. A more conservative approach may be an appropriate management strategy for this patient cohort.
Four distinct enhancement patterns of abnormal parathyroid glands on three phase CT imaging.
Authors: Vance-Daniel Joseph , Stroud Lauren , Burney Kashif , Jamal Karim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
CT imaging is increasingly used in the pre-operative localisation of abnormal parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands typically enhance in the arterial phase and washout in the delayed phase. The aim of this novel study was to analyse and classify all various enhancement patterns.

Method
42 patients underwent a three-phase CT which identified 45 abnormal glands all of which subsequently had surgical excision and histological assessment. The Houndsfield Units (HU) in the 45 glands was compared with that of an area of normal adjacent thyroid in the three phases and classified as below:

Results
45 glands were surgically removed, 37 were adenomas and 8 hyperplastic on histology. The adenomas were classified as follows: type A (48.7%), type B (5.4%), type C (43.2%) and type D (2.7%). Hyperplastic glands were classified as type A (37.5%) and type B (62.5%).

Conclusion
Traditionally type A is the prevalent enhancement pattern, yet several other patterns of enhancement are observed in this study which vary between adenomatous and hyperplastic glands. Clinician awareness of this is important and lack of typical enhancement should not be used in isolation to exclude an abnormal parathyroid gland.
Revision Parathyroid Surgery – Challenges and Considerations in Comparison to Primary Surgery
Authors: McClean Adam , England James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
Revision parathyroidectomy is made necessary by recurrent and persistent parathyroid disease. The aim of this study was to identify specific challenges in revision surgery compared to primary parathyroid surgery.

Methods
All revision parathyroidectomies performed by a single surgeon in a tertiary referral centre over a 17- year period were identified. Cases were assessed for: demographics; imaging; histology; biochemistry; gland weight, location, and ectopia; and cure rate. Results were compared to a consecutive series of 100 primary parathyroidectomies. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results
28 revision surgeries were identified (18 persistent, 7 recurrent, 3 insufficient data). Demographics were well matched. Ultrasound correctly localised the pathological gland in 18% of revision cases, compared to 37% of primary cases. Technetium-sestamibi scanning correctly localised the pathological gland in 71% of revision cases, compared to 69% of primary cases. Preoperative calcium was significantly higher in revision cases (2.88 vs 2.80, P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in post-operative calcium, pre- or post-operative parathyroid hormone levels, or gland location. 37% of glands excised in revision surgery were ectopic, compared to 24% of primary surgeries (P=0.16). Gland weight was significantly higher in revision cases (2758mg vs 1154mg, P&lt;0.05). Cure rate was significantly lower in revision surgery (86% vs 97%, P&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
In revision parathyroidectomy, patients present with higher pre-operative calcium, larger adenomas, and a trend towards ectopia. Cure rate is significantly lower following revision surgery. Ultrasound is a poor identifier of adenoma presence and location in revision surgery, whereas Technetium-sestamibi scanning is of value in both primary and revision cases.
An audit of thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease, in a large UK tertiary centre
Authors: Jones Larissa , Khan Shaila , Tolley Neil , Palazzo Fausto , Cox Jeremy , Agha-Jaffar Rochan , Robinson Stephen , Di Marco Aimee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease are at increased risk of post-operative complications and therefore require additional pre-operative preparation and close post-operative assessment. This study aimed to assess the pre- and post-operative management and morbidity in a single UK tertiary centre.

Method
Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves’ between 2014–19. The primary endpoint was thyroid status pre-operatively and post-operative morbidity. Secondary endpoints were administration of potassium iodide, vitamin D and beta blockers and assessment of post-operative parathyroid function.

Results
Ninety-two thyroidectomies were undertaken for Graves’ in the five-year period. Pre-operatively 98% were successfully rendered euthyroid or hypothyroid and 2% hyperthyroid but required emergency surgery. Post-operative hypocalcaemia occurred in 26% but was temporary in 92%. Vocal cord palsy was found in 11%, but in all cases was temporary (post-operative laryngoscopy was reported in 93%). 49% had received potassium iodide, 53% beta-blockers and 48% vitamin D. Post-operative calcium and PTH estimation was undertaken on day 0 in 99% and 97% respectively and day 1 in 100% and 98%.

Conclusion
This audit of specialist practice shows a majority of patients rendered eu- or hypothyroid pre-operatively and low complication rates, with the majority being temporary. Pre-operative medical optimization was not undertaken uniformly in all patients and although outcomes were good, a protocol to improve consistency has been developed in response.
Complications of Neck Drains in Thyroidectomies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yip Hao Meng , Ong Qi Jia , Soh Terrence 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Intraoperative placement of neck drains in thyroidectomy patients remains a widespread practice, despite prevailing evidence discouraging this practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to update the currently available evidence base.

Methods
Two independent investigators performed a comprehensive literature search to identify randomized control trials that evaluated post-operative complications associated with neck drains. This was conducted using four databases: Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane. Identified articles were then screened using a strict eligibility criterion. 16 studies were included in the final quantitative analysis and assessed for risk of bias. All methods were in accordance with recommendations from the Cochrane Review Group, UK National Health Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results
Our initial search yielded 743 articles and 16 were included for final quantitative synthesis. The overall analysis demonstrated that post-operative hematomas [pooled OR = 2.09 (1.04, 4.21); p=0.04] and surgical site infections [pooled OR = 3.85 (2.04, 7.28); p&lt;0.01] were significantly more likely in the drained group. Furthermore, hospital stays were longer in the drained group [pooled mean difference = 0.88 days (0.56, 1.20); p&lt;0.01]. There were no significant differences in fluid volumes within the thyroid bed between study groups [pooled mean difference = -2.30 mL (-4.82, 0.21); p=0.07].

Conclusion
The drained patient group had overall higher odds of hematomas, surgical site infections and longer hospital stays. Therefore, we recommend against this practice of neck drain insertions in patients that have undergone thyroidectomies.
Long term post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) – time to revise the definition?
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Dhami Amardass , Quarrell Gillian , Balasubramanian Saba P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) is common after thyroidectomy. Most cases recover within 6 months. If persistent beyond 6 months, PoSH is considered to be ‘long term’ as per BAETS guidelines. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of late recovery in this group and factors that can predict this.

Methods
Adult patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy between 2009–18 were included in this cohort prospective observational study. Records of patients who met certain inclusion criteria (started on calcium or activated vitamin D, or day 1 adjusted calcium &lt;2.1 mmol/L, or day 1 PTH &lt;1.6 pmol/L) were reviewed to identify those with PoSH at 6 months. Demographic, biochemical, surgical, pathological and clinical follow-up data is described and analysed.

Results
Out of 911 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 270 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 192 were started on supplements and 138 (71.9%) recovered within six months. Of the remaining 54 patients, 19 (47.5%) had remission and 21 had ongoing PoSH beyond 3 years follow-up (median follow-up 4.5 years). All of those recovered had a PTH of ≥1.6 pmol/L at/beyond 6 months. There was no difference in age, gender, diagnosis, extent of surgery, or calcium levels between the two groups.

Conclusions
Recovery from PoSH is common beyond 6 months, raising the question of whether the 6-month threshold is appropriate. In patients with a PTH level of ≥1.6 pmol/L at/after 6 months, the chances of recovery are high (60%).