bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot add-on Randomized-Controlled Trial evaluating the effect of binaural beats on study performance, mind-wandering, and core symptoms of adult ADHD patients
Authors: Malandrone F. , Spadotto M. , Boero M. , Bracco I.F. , Oliva F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that frequently persists throughout adulthood. Binaural Beats (BB) are auditory perceptions occurring when two soundwaves of slightly different frequency are carried separately to the ears; they might modulate brain activity and performance.ObjectivesTo evaluate BB efficacy on studing performance, mind-wandering, and core symptoms of a sample of adult ADHD outpatientsMethodsIn this randomized-controlled trial we recruited a sample of University students in pharmacological treatment for adult ADHD. A track with 15 Hz BB (415 Hz to right and 400 Hz to the left ear) was delivered to the intervention group; whereas, a placebo track consisting of two identical frequencies (400 Hz) was administered to control group. The RCT consisted of a baseline assessment (T0) and two fortnightly follow-ups (T1-T2). Each time, the patient filled the ADHD-RS-5 (ADHD Rating Scale-5) and the MEWS (Mind Excessively Wandering Scale) and executed an online version of SART (Sustained Attention to Response Task). The effect of self-administered acoustic stimulation during individual studying sessions was estimated by a subjective studying performance (SSP) evaluation questionnaire.ResultsA significant improvement of SSP from baseline assessment (T1) to the last observation (T3) was detected in BB group only (mean differences= 2.7, p<.001). A significant between-group contrast for SSP was also found at T3. No other significant changes were detected for ADHD-RS, MEWS and SART at p<.05 level.ConclusionsBB seem to improve subjective studying performance and ADHD symptoms severity. These preliminary findings must be confirmed in larger sample.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Repeat Emergency Visits for Mental Health Patients: Before and during the Covid19 pandemic
Authors: Tempier R. , Bouattane E.M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFrequent users of Emergency Departments (EDs) are a diverse group accounting for disproportionate EDs visits. Psychiatric patients are more likely to visit EDs (Slankamenac, 2020). EDs utilisation by psychiatric patients increased by 4.4% during COVID-19 pandemic.Objectivesto determine frequent users characteristics within an Ottawa University Hospital, and assess Covid19 impact on overutilization of EDs compared to other hospitals.MethodsRetrospective study of repeat visits characteristics, data extracted from EMR database. Repeat visits defined as no less than 30 days first visit to any EDs. Period of observation: March 1st, 2018 - February 28th, 2021 Results.Results64% EDS visits for MH, 35% for addictions. More men (57%), age groups: 16-34 y.o. (41%), 34-64 y.o. (51%), 65 +y.o. (8%).Top presenting reasons: suicidality, self-harm, depression (40.5%). Anxiety, situational crisis (16%), bizarre behavior (12%).Most prevalent diagnoses: schizophrenia (28.7%), stress and anxiety (25.2%), personality disorders (13.5%) and depressive episode (10.6%). Only 35.1% admitted after repeat ED visits, 35.1% came by ambulance. Increase during peak pandemic exceeding 20%. Clearly pandemic created more pressures for MH services needs.ConclusionsSchizophrenia and personality disorders made most prevalent diagnostic groups. Even when patients are in acute needs, they do not always require hospitalization. Investigating what MH conditions that got more stressed by the Covid19 pandemic will be of interest.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Alternatives to emergency departments for mental health crisis - a system wide approach can lead to better patient outcomes
Authors: Dove J. , Leveson S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn Camden and Islington (North Central London) we have restructured our emergency mental health services significantly. Prior to January 2020 all emergency mental health presentations, including those detained in public by the police (S136) were supported through our three emergency departments and their respective liaison mental health teams. In January 2020 a new ‘Health Based Place of Safety’ (for those detained by police) was opened to avoid people spending time in emergency departments unnecessarily. When the COVID-19 pandemic first took hold in the UK in March 2020 a second unit, a ‘Mental Health Crisis Assessment Service’ (MHCAS) was set up again away from the acute sites, encouraging people in MH crisis to attend a designated MH ED away from the acute sites. This study aims to review the system and patient outcomes since the development of the pathway.ObjectivesRelieving pressures on ED by reduction in patient numbers that could be better supported elsewhere and free up resource for alternative assessments and patient needs.MethodsA retrospective cohort study to review the outcomes of the new system in relation to emergency mental health crisis presentations. Comparison to be made with ED data for 2 years prior to new system.ResultsPending final results but initial data suggests 25% reduction in ED presentation for MH cause with new system. Reduction in psychiatric inpatient admissions of between 3-5%.ConclusionsCreative system wide initiatives to provide alternatives to emergency departments for people in emergency mental health crisis can lead to significantly improved patient outcomes and experience.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Potential Relationship Between The Environmental Risk Factors And Social Cognition in Psychosis
Authors: Cicek S. , Karadag F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn schizophrenia research, little is known about the relationship of environmental exposures with social cognition deficits.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the relationship between social cognitive performance and well-defined environmental risk factors (childhood adversities, birth season, paternal age, obstetric complications, urban living i.e.) in schizophrenia.Methods54 schizophrenia patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were included in our study. Participants in both groups were of similar age, gender, and educational level. Two theory of mind (ToM) tests (DEZIKÖ and RMET), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were applied. ToM test scores among groups (patients with/ without risk factors, and HC) were compared using analysis of variance.ResultsOverall, the schizophrenia group scored higher on the CTQ and performed worse on ToM tests than the HCs. Patients were more likely to report obstetric complications, advanced paternal age, winter and rural birth. Both the patients having high and low CTQ scores performed poorer on the RMET and false belief test than HCs. However, there was no significant difference in DEZİKÖ-total scores of patients with low CTQ scores and HCs. Patients with advanced paternal age at birth achieved lower faux pas sub-scores. Urban birth and RMET scores were positively correlated in patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the environmental factors such as childhood traumas, advanced paternal age, and rural birth seem to negatively affect the social cognitive performance of schizophrenia patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mental health evaluation of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and psychiatric comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vanzetto S. , Vismara M. , Frediani A. , Cassina N. , Maconi G. , Bosi M. , Viganò C. , Dell’Osso B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe mental health of subjects with chronic medical illnesses, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD- Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis), is typically compromised and the current COVID-19 pandemic might have additionally increased this burden.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate, during the COVID-19 pandemic, if the presence of a comorbid psychiatric disorder has played a role as an aggravating factor on mental health in patients with IBD.MethodsTwenty Five patients with psychiatric comorbidities (PC+) and twenty five without (PC-) comparable for age and gender, were recruited at the Gastroenterology department at Sacco University Hospital in Milan. Participants were assessed a psychiatric evaluation, collecting socio-demographic variables and measures of anxiety and depression [on the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS)], sleep patterns [on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)] and general health status [on the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36)].Comparative statistical analyses were performed with t test with Bonferroni correction.ResultsPC+ (n=25) showed more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with PC- (n=25) (p <.001) and worse sleep pattern (p<.05). With respect to general health status, PC+ showed reduced physical activities (p<.05), social activities (p<.05), mental health (p<.01) and role limitations due to physical health (p<.05).ConclusionsThe present findings showed a worse mental health in subjects with IBD and psychiatric comorbidities during Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of screening and treatment of psychiatric symptoms disorders in these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Post-stroke mania
Authors: Ortega M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionApproximately one-third of stroke survivors develop poststroke depression. Post-stroke mania is relatively rare, with a prevalence of less than 2%. One review of case reports of late-onset mania in 2015 demonstrated that 51% of the patients had established vascular risk factors. In 28% of cases, the treatment of underlying organic cause contributed to successful remission of the manic episode.ObjectivesFor this review, we aimed to compile published case reports from the past 20 years to review late-onset mania as one of the neuropsychiatric outcomes of stroke and its management.Methodsliterature search on Pubmed, PsychInfo, and Embase utilizing keywords combinations: Bipolar, Manic, Mania, Secondary, Stroke, Poststroke, Post-stroke, Elderly, Old, Late onset, Late-onset, Lateonset, Hemisphere, Brain, Vascular, Infarction.ResultsAmong the 17 case reports, the age of onset of manic episode ranged from 47 to 86 with a mean of 67 years. Of the 17 cases, the right hemisphere was the most frequently affected (14/17, 82%), with cerebrovascular lesion involving the left hemisphere in 3 cases (17.6%).ConclusionsClinicians should consider mania secondary to an organic cause in patients presenting with focal or soft neurological signs or symptoms, manic episode with atypical symptoms such as visual or olfactory hallucinations, altered mental status, disorientation, impairment in memory or cognition, unusual age of onset for bipolar disorder, or unusual illness course such as single episode of mania or poor response to psychopharmacologic treatment. Some reviews suggest combination of mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics. Benzodiazepines recommended as an adjunctive drug for acute management such as agitation, aggressive behavior or disinhibition.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Inflammatory Markers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Constable M. , Hou R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionA growing number of studies have examined the link between inflammatory markers (IM) and the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, this association has yet to be fully identified.ObjectivesThis review aims to systematically evaluate evidence from studies examining peripheral IM in adult participants with OCD compared to controls. IM included: CRP, TNFa, IFNγ, IL1/4/6/10.MethodsDatabases used for literature searching: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO (until October 2021). Studies that examined IM in the blood of adult OCD and control groups were included. Screening and data extraction adhered to PRISMA guideline standards. The quality assessment utilised funnel plots and the approach developed by Hawker et al. 2002. A random-effects meta-analysis model was adopted. PROSPERO reference number: CRD42021284766.ResultsThe systematic review (19 studies, 1,225 participants) and meta-analysis (12 studies, 796 participants) had an average quality assessment score of 28.3 (medium quality) and 30.7 (high quality), respectively. The average heterogeneity of each IM analysed was 76.6%. Totalled, each study and IM analysis showed more insignificant differences (n=35) than significant differences (n=25). The
meta-analysis revealed no significant difference for overall IM assessments. However, a sub-analysis of IL6 (excluding studies using serum or lipopolysaccharide stimulation) found significantly lower levels of IL6 within the OCD group (effect size: 3.98 and 95% CI: 0.43,7.53).ConclusionsThis is an up-to-date systematic review examining IM in OCD. Insignificant results found may have resulted from the relatively high heterogeneity or varied study designs. One sub-analysis of IL6 identified an association, although further studies are required with larger sample sizes and fewer disparities.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Relation of Environment to Unipolar Recurrent Depression
Authors: Horesh Reinman N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRecurrent Unipolar and Bipolar affective disorders are considered paradigms of biological entities in psychiatry. However recent theories have underlined the role that environment plays in the genesis of these disorders in interaction with genetic diatheses.ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and recurrent major depressive disorders.MethodsThree groups of 50 subjects were assessed: Patients with recurrent major depressive disorder with melancholic features; patients with borderline personality disorder; and healthy controls. Interviews for DSM-V Disorders were used for diagnosis. Beck Depression Inventory, The Israel Psychiatric Research Interview Life Event Scale and the Coddington Events Schedule were used to measure life events and depression and were confirmed with an interview.ResultsThe proportions of loss-related events in childhood and in the year preceding the first episode was higher in the depressed group than in the control groups during the same time period. Proportions of SLE, uncontrolled and independent events were also more common in the depressed patients in the year preceding the first episode.ConclusionsThe study’s conclusion is that SLE plays an important role in the onset of depressive disorders. There are specific kinds of SLE that occur in childhood and in the year preceding the first episode. SLE has a less significant role in the maintenance of this illness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The DiSCoVeR trial – first look at patient training and their expectations regarding a new, innovative treatment
Authors: Rubene L. , Konošonoka L. , Nahum M. , Padberg F. , Bavelier D. , Hummel F. , Bonne O. , Rancans E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe DiSCoVeR trial is a multi-site, double-blind, sham controlled, randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the feasibility and efficacy of an innovative, self-applied treatment approach for patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). The treatment approach incorporates non-invasive brain stimulation, i.e. prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and a videogame designed to enhance emotional cognitive control. This treatment is aimed to be applied at home and monitored remotely.ObjectivesIn this study we are looking at the first 10 single-site patients and comparing expected in person visits (according to the study protocol) versus actual in person visits as well as looking at the patients initial view of the therapy using the therapy evaluation form (CEQ) submitted after the 5th session.MethodsBefore continuing to self-administer the treatment at home patients undergo supervised training, during clinic visits, for up to 5 sessions. At the end of the 5th session, they are asked to fill out a therapy evaluation form (CEQ).ResultsPatients needed on average 2.3 in person training sessions before continuing the intervention remotely. Nine patients completed CEQ. Results show that on average patients thought that this course will be 4.78 (with probability 95% CI 4.74 to 4.82) points successful at raising their level of functioning and thought that their functioning will have increased on average by 37.8% (CI 37.2% to 38.4%) by the end of the study.ConclusionsPatients needed less than half of planned in person training visits. Most patients felt like they will gain some improvement from this intervention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Autonomic responses during gambling: the effect of outcome type and sex in a large community sample of young adults
Authors: Hultman C. , Vadlin S. , Rehn M. , Nilsson K. , Åslund C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAutonomic arousal is believed to be an underlying reinforcer for problematic gambling behavior. Theories suggests that near-misses (outcomes falling just short of a true win) are structural characteristics affecting emotion and motivation while increasing gambling persistence.ObjectivesPsychophysiological responses to different outcomes in gambling were investigated in a community-based sample of young adults. Furthermore, sex differences in responses to different gambling outcomes were investigated.MethodsYoung adults (n=270) performed a simplified virtual slot machine producing wins, two types of near-misses (before/after payline) and full-misses, with simultaneous measurements of heart rate (HR) and skin conductance responses (SCR). Self-reports of perceived chance of winning, pleasure and motivation to play were given by the participants on each trial.ResultsNear-misses were associated with the largest HR acceleration compared to wins and full-misses, and larger HR deceleration and SCRs compared to full-misses. Differential autonomic and subjective reports were observed for near-misses subtypes, suggesting that near-misses are processed differently depending on their position before or after payline. Females showed larger SCR responses and increased motivation following wins compared to males.ConclusionsSlot machine gambling outcomes elicit differential physiological and subjective responses in young adults. Specifically, near-misses produce larger autonomic responses compared to regular full-misses. However, near-misses are complex, multifaceted events producing various emotional responses depending on their characterization. Males and females respond differently to wins, highlighting the importance of considering sex differences in experimental research on autonomic responses in gambling.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Assessment of the gifted adolescents’ functional state of the organism under the psychological stress
Authors: Arakelyan M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMany studies have shown that gifted children and youth have difficulties in education, emotional regulations, psychological adjustment process etc.ObjectivesOur aim is to evaluate the adaptive capacity, the functional state of the gifted adolescents’ organism under external potential stressor.MethodsThe research has been conducted in schools of Yerevan, RA. The initial sample consisted of 500 high school students aged 16-18. Renzulli’s Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness was used to reveal gifted adolescents. In the course of study 35 of 500 participants were defined as gifted. The quasi-experimental design has been used with 35 participants in the comparison and experiment group each. For comparative analyses, we used Heart rate variability (HRV) method. As a potential stressor, the intellectual workload was selected. The ECG indicators have been recorded for 5 minutes each before and after the intellectual workload. We are presenting the results through Stress Index.ResultsAs we can see from the picture 1. the Stress Index (SI) of gifted girls and boys are higher from norm (the norm is 20-100). For control groups, the SI is within the norm. The SI for gifted groups of adolescents significantly higher from those of control groups. The data indicates, that for gifted adolescents the activity of central mechanisms prevails over autonomous mechanisms.ConclusionsThe level of stress in gifted adolescents is higher than that of the control group and rises in case when the task wasn’t solved. High results speak about psycho-emotional tension and stress. Further research is needed to understand the psychological background of such reactions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Towards EEG Biomarkers of Emotional Burnout Syndrome: gender related variations in functional connectivity under Resistance stage formation
Authors: Tukaiev S. , Harmatiuk D. , Popov A. , Makarchuk M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe phenomenon of burnout generates the most interest due to relation to complete or partial disengagement of emotions, cognitive impairment, impairment of long-term and working memory. The neurophysiological mechanisms of emotional burnout remain insufficiently studied. Data related to gender specific characteristics of burnout formation are contradictory.ObjectivesTo establish the gender related EEG markers of burnout was our aim.Methods621 volunteers (443 females) aged 18 to 24 years participated in this study. EEG was registered during the resting state (3 min, closed eyes condition). The interhemispheric and intrahemispheric average coherence across all EEG segments in all frequencies from 0.2-45 Hz was estimated. Psychological testing was performed before the registration of EEG. To determine the level of burnout formation the Boyko`s Syndrome of Emotional Burnout Inventory (SEB) was used.ResultsThe Resistance phase of emotional burnout was formed in 139 women and 42 men. Development of Resistance stage in female includes formation of new intrahemispheric connections predominantly in the left frontal region (alpha1,2,3-subbands) and the midline frontal-central axis (Fz-Cz, alpha1,2 and theta2-subbands). At the same time new intrahemispheric links in men under Resistance stage development are formed mainly in the right frontal region (alpha1,2,3-subbands).ConclusionsConnectivity patterns displayed gender-related variations that are associated with the difference in the alterations in the attention focusing, working memory, and emotional processes under burnout formation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Is it exhausting to be a healthcare worker these days?
Authors: Solis M. , Valverde Barea M. , Perdiguero Sempere E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPeople spend a large part of our lives in the workplace. Stress at work, desmotivation and mental exhaustation are consequences derived from stressful situations that can be generated at work.ObjectivesDetection in hospitals of those workers susceptible to exhaustion, work stress or personal demotivation to avoid a problem in the worker’s mental health, allowing early intervention and health strategies.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out that included 84 healthcare workers from Spain in October 2021, through an anonymous, voluntary and multiple response type online survey which included questions about sociodemographic aspects and the Maslach burnout inventoryResults62% were doctors and 29% were nurses, 3 workers were nursing assistants, 2 orderlies, 1 psychologist and 1 physiotherapist. 13% of workers report having received / thought about requesting care from a mental health team (psychologist / psychiatrist) in the last year. 8% admit to having had suicidal ideas in the last year. 30.6% report being emotionally exhausted from their work always and almost always. 15.3% report that working with patients every day is stressful for them.29.4% report feeling “burned” by work. Only 28.2% say that they are always or almost always with a lot of vitality. 20.2% feel that they are at the limit of their possibilities.ConclusionsDetection in hospitals of those people susceptible to exhaustion, work stress or personal demotivation to avoid a problem in the worker’s mental health, allowing early intervention and health strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.