bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated brain tumor segmentation framework using a novel fruit fly UNet
Authors: Boda Ravi , Cherian Reni K. , Kumar Vinit 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBrain image analysis and segmentation are the most difficult tasks in medical image processing because of image complexity. Moreover, MRI images are mostly utilized to predict different brain‐based diseases; if the images are complex, the disease prediction accuracy is very low. To overcome this problem, the current research has planned to design a novel fruit fly‐based UNet (FFbU) framework to detect the Tumor accurately. Moreover, the fitness of the fruit fly was upgraded in the UNet pooling module that has tended to gain the finest results. Initially, the standard datasets were gathered from the net source and trained to the system. Consequently, the training error is removed in the primary layer of FFbU then the error‐cleared data is entered into the UNet dense layer for tumor detection and segmentation. Finally, the proposed model is executed in a MATLAB environment, and the proficiency of the designed FFbU model is estimated in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, Dice, and Jaccard. In addition, the planned novel FFbU model has the ability to predict and segment different tumor types.
CBCT evaluation of buccal bone thickness in the aesthetic zone of menopausal women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Naghibi Nava , Fatemi Kazem , Hoseini‐Zarch Seyed‐Hosein , Sadeghi Bijan , Fasihi Ramandi Mahdiye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesDental implants are a known treatment today. It is necessary to have at least 2 mm of bone around the implant, especially in the buccal aspect of the anterior maxilla (esthetic zone). Some systemic conditions, such as menopause, can affect the body's bone mass as well as the alveolar bone. Considering that few studies have been carried out on the effect of menopause on the thickness and topography of alveolar bone, we decided to investigate the effect of menopause on buccal alveolar bone thickness in the anterior maxillary teeth in menopausal women.Material and MethodsIn this descriptive‐analytical cross‐sectional study, two subgroups of menopausal women and nonmenopausal women were considered. Data were extracted from 30 patients referred to a private radiology center in Mashhad for CBCT imaging. In addition, the buccal bone thickness in the crest and middle areas of the anterior maxillary teeth was measured and the difference between the two groups was investigated. The buccal bone thickness of the aesthetic area was evaluated with CBCT Planmeca ProMax 3D Max (Planmeca) by Planmeca Romexis 5.3.4 software, with 200 μm Voxel size and Fov 90 × 60 mm.ResultsIn this study, 30 women with a mean age of 49.75 ± 3.65 years in the nonmenopausal and menopausal groups were examined. It was found that the mean buccal bone thickness of the anterior maxilla in the nonmenopausal group (0.65 ± 0.25 mm) was higher than in the menopausal group (0.56 ± 0.20 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .2999). Only in the crestal bone of the right canine, the average bone thickness in nonmenopausal group (0.77 ± 0.33 mm) was significantly higher than the menopausal group (0.49 ± 0.22 mm) (p = .011).ConclusionsOwing to changes in the volume and thickness of alveolar bone in menopausal women, the thickness of the buccal bone in the aesthetic area decreases, but this is not statistically significant.
Channel capacity optimization scheme for safety applications in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Sharma Swati , Chahal Manisha , Harit Sandeep , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: July 2022

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted significant attention due to their safety, traffic management, and infotainment applications. However, vehicular communication suffers from network congestion caused by high vehicle density, which raises numerous challenges for efficiently disseminating emergency messages in vehicular safety applications. This paper aims to solve the problem of capacity optimization of the control channel (CCH) during the delivery of emergency messages. Hence, we propose a novel channel capacity optimization scheme for safety application (CCOSSA). The performance of the CCOSSA scheme is evaluated by performing comprehensive traffic and network simulations regarding various parameters such as the probability of reception, channel busy time (CBT) ratio, and average delay. CCOSSA scheme is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art schemes under varying vehicle density and distance from the source in which the proposed scheme shows an improvement in the performance.
Physical activity is associated with increased resting‐state functional connectivity in networks predictive of cognitive decline in clinically unimpaired older adults
Authors: Pruzin Jeremy J. , Klein Hannah , Rabin Jennifer S. , Schultz Aaron P. , Kirn Dylan R. , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Buckley Rachel F. , Scott Mathew R. , Properzi Michael , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPhysical activity (PA) promotes resilience with respect to cognitive decline, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the associations between objectively measured PA and resting‐state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fcMRI) across seven anatomically distributed neural networks.Methodsrs‐fcMRI, amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET), PA (steps/day × 1 week), and longitudinal cognitive (Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite) data from 167 cognitively unimpaired adults (ages 63 to 90) were used. We used linear and linear mixed‐effects regression models to examine the associations between baseline PA and baseline network connectivity and between PA, network connectivity, and longitudinal cognitive performance.ResultsHigher PA was associated selectively with greater connectivity in three networks previously associated with cognitive decline (default, salience, left control). This association with network connectivity accounted for a modest portion of PA's effects on Aβ‐related cognitive decline.DiscussionAlthough other mechanisms are likely present, PA may promote resilience with respect to Aß‐related cognitive decline, partly by increasing connectivity in a subset of cognitive networks.
Reduction of heart failure guideline‐directed medication during hospitalization: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Palin Victoria , Drozd Michael , Garland Ellis , Malik Anam , Straw Sam , McGinlay Melanie , Simms Alexander , Gatenby V. Kate , Sengupta Anshuman , Levelt Eylem , Witte Klaus K. , Kearney Mark T. , Cubbon Richard M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsOptimal management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) includes titration of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) to the highest tolerated dose within the licensed range. During hospitalization, GDMT doses are often significantly altered, although it is unknown whether the cause of hospitalization influences this.Methods and resultsWe recruited 711 people with stable HFrEF from specialist heart failure clinics and prospectively assessed events occurring during first unplanned hospitalization. Dose changes of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB), beta‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and loop diuretics were recorded during 414 hospitalizations, categorized as due to decompensated heart failure, other cardiovascular causes, infection, or other non‐cardiovascular causes. Most hospitalizations resulted in no change to GDMT. ACEi/ARB dose was reduced in 21% of hospitalizations and was more common during non‐cardiovascular hospitalization (25.4% vs. 13.9%; P = 0.005). ACEi/ARB dose reduction was associated with older age and lower left ventricular ejection fraction at study recruitment, and poorer renal function, lower systolic blood pressure, higher serum potassium, and less frequent care from a cardiologist during admission. People experiencing ACEi/ARB reduction had worse age‐adjusted survival after discharge, without differences in heart failure re‐hospitalization. De‐escalation of beta‐blockers occurred in 8% of hospitalizations, most often due to other non‐cardiovascular causes; this was not associated with post‐discharge survival or re‐hospitalization with heart failure.ConclusionsDe‐escalation of HFrEF GDMT is more common during non‐cardiovascular hospitalization and for ACEi/ARB is associated with reduced survival. Post‐discharge care plans should include robust plans to consider re‐escalation of GDMT in these cases.
A Short History of Fusible Metals and Alloys – Towards Room Temperature Liquid Metals
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Gancarz Tomasz , Uporov Sergey , Wang Tao , Gao Eryuan , Stadler Florian J. , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiquid metals are a class of materials with a millennia‐long history, albeit until 200 years ago, mostly centered on mercury‐based applications. The knowledge of mercury's toxicity and the discovery of it's bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the late 20th century resulted in phasing out mercury for copious application. Lead‐based, bismuth‐based, and sodium‐based technology has partially replaced mercury, but due to toxicity or reactivity issues, replacements for lead and sodium are sought. The discovery of indium and, especially, gallium has allowed for the third generation of alloys with a melting point close to room temperature. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the technological developments of fusible and liquid metals, i. e., metals and alloys with melting points below ca. 250 °C, from the early days to current research and industrial application. Special emphasis is focused on important steppingstones and recent developments of gallium‐based alloys as well as how they could be used for future applications.
Neurotransmitter receptor densities are associated with changes in regional Cerebral blood flow during clinical ongoing pain
Authors: Vamvakas Alexandros , Lawn Timothy , Veronese Mattia , Williams Steven C. R. , Tsougos Ioannis , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArterial spin labelling (ASL) plays an increasingly important role in neuroimaging pain research but does not provide molecular insights regarding how regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) relates to underlying neurotransmission. Here, we integrate ASL with positron emission tomography (PET) and brain transcriptome data to investigate the molecular substrates of rCBF underlying clinically relevant pain states. Two data sets, representing acute and chronic ongoing pain respectively, were utilised to quantify changes in rCBF; one examining pre‐surgical versus post‐surgical pain, and the second comparing patients with painful hand Osteoarthritis to a group of matched controls. We implemented a whole‐brain spatial correlation analysis to explore associations between change in rCBF (ΔCBF) and neurotransmitter receptor distributions derived from normative PET templates. Additionally, we utilised transcriptomic data from the Allen Brain Atlas to inform distributions of receptor expression. Both datasets presented significant correlations of ΔCBF with the μ‐opioid and dopamine‐D2 receptor expressions, which play fundamental roles in brain activity associated with pain experiences. ΔCBF also correlated with the gene expression distributions of several receptors involved in pain processing. Overall, this is the first study illustrating the molecular basis of ongoing pain ASL indices and emphasises the potential of rCBF as a biomarker in pain research.
Optimization of heat transfer performance of CuO/H2O nanofluid in Bessel‐like converging pipe using a two‐phase mixture model
Authors: Fadodun Olatomide G. , Olatinwo Adenike , Amosun Adebimpe A. , Olukotun Stephen F. , Owojori Adefope A. , Ojo Michael T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates turbulent heat transfer performance (HTP) and entropy production rate (EPR) of CuO/H2O nanofluid flowing through Bessel‐like converging pipes. The effects of Reynold's number , nanoparticle volume ratio , and convergence index on the hydrodynamic, HTP, and EPR were examined. The results show that an increase in the convergence index enhances pressure drop, Nusselt number, and viscous EPR. However, the opposite is the case for the thermal EPR. Furthermore, the multiobjective optimization of pressure drop, Nusselt number, and EPR show that both Nusselt number and pressure drop attained the optimum value simultaneously.
EEG/MEG source imaging in the absence of subject's brain MRI scan: Perspective on co‐registration and MRI selection approach
Authors: Gohel Bakul , Khare Mahish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEEG/MEG source localization requires a subject's brain MRI to compute the sourcemodel and headmodel. As part of this computation, co‐registration of the digitized head information and brain MRI scan is the essential step. However, in the absence of a brain MRI scan, an approximated sourcemodel and headmodel can be computed from the subject's digitized head information and brain MRI scans from other subjects. In the present work, we compared the fiducial (FID)‐ and iterative closet point (ICP)‐based co‐registration approaches for computing an approximated sourcemodel using single and multiple available brain MRI scans. We also evaluated the two different template MRI selection strategies: one is based on objective registration error, and another on sourcemodel approximation error. The outcome suggests that averaged approximated solutions using multiple template brain MRI scans showed better performance than single‐template MRI‐based solutions. The FID‐based approach performed better than the ICP‐based approach for co‐registration of the digitized head surface and brain MRI scan. While selecting template MRIs, the selection approach based on objective registration error showed better performance than a sourcemodel approximation error‐based criterion. Cross‐dataset performance analysis showed a higher model approximation error than within‐dataset analysis. In conclusion, the FID‐based co‐registration approach and objective registration error‐based MRI selection criteria provide a simple, fast and more accurate solution to compute averaged approximated models compared with the ICP‐based approach. The demography of brain MRI scans should be similar to that of the query subject whose brain MRI scan was unavailable.
Women's thoughts on receiving and sharing genetic information: Considerations for genetic counseling
Authors: Pfledderer Christopher D. , Gren Lisa H. , Frost Caren J. , Andrulis Irene L. , Chung Wendy K. , Genkinger Jeanine , Glendon Gord , Hopper John L. , John Esther M. , Southey Melissa , Terry Mary Beth , Daly Mary B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndications for genetic testing for inherited cancer syndromes are expanding both in the academic and the community setting. However, only a fraction of individuals who are candidates for testing pursue this option. Therefore, it is important to understand those factors that impact the uptake of genetic testing in individuals affected and unaffected with cancer. A successful translation of genomic risk stratification into clinical care will require that providers of this information are aware of the attitudes, perceived risks and benefits, and concerns of individuals who will be considering testing. The purpose of this study was to assess beliefs, attitudes and preferences for genetic risk information, by personal characteristics of women affected and unaffected by breast cancer enrolled in the Breast Cancer Family Registry Cohort. Data for this analysis came from eight survey questions, which asked participants (N = 9,048, 100% female) about their opinions regarding genetic information. Women reported that conveying the accuracy of the test was important and were interested in information related to personal level of risk, finding out about diseases that could be treated, and information that could be helpful to their families. Young women were most interested in how their own health needs might be impacted by genetic test results, while older women were more interested in how genetic information would benefit other members of the family. Interest in how the genetic test was performed was highest among Asian and Hispanic women. Women affected with breast cancer were more likely to report feeling sad about possibly passing down a breast cancer gene, while unaffected women were more uncertain about their future risk of cancer. The variety of informational needs identified has implications for how genetic counselors can tailor communication to individuals considering genetic testing.
Factors associated with US and Canadian genetic counselors' testing decisions during pregnancy
Authors: Isaacs Alexandra E. , Mladucky Janessa K. , Dent Karin M. , Wallace Lauren A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDecision‐making regarding prenatal screening and diagnostic testing has become more complex as the number of options has increased, with pregnant patients having access to more information about their pregnancies than ever before. Genetic counselors have extensive training in prenatal genetic screening and testing options, but personal decision‐making in this well‐informed population remains largely unstudied. This study describes the prenatal testing decisions genetic counselors made during their own pregnancies, and the factors identified as important when making those decisions. A web‐based, mixed‐methods survey was distributed to members of multiple professional societies for genetic counselors. A total of 318 genetic counselors across numerous specialties in the United States and Canada participated in this study. The satisfaction with decision scale was modified and applied to measure participants' decisional satisfaction. In their most recent pregnancies, most genetic counselors pursued carrier screening (77%) and aneuploidy and/or open neural tube defect screening (88%). A minority of genetic counselors (15%) utilized diagnostic testing. Common factors considered when making testing decisions included wanting information that could impact future decisions, test specifics (e.g., accuracy, methodology, and content), and knowledge gained from participants' genetic counseling background. The uptake of diagnostic testing among prenatal genetic counselors was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the uptake among genetic counselors in other specialties. This informed study population largely self‐directed their own prenatal care, leading to high satisfaction with their decisions. Data in this study provide evidence for promoting participation in prenatal screening and testing decision‐making to maximize decisional satisfaction.
Creation of a medical procedure service in a tertiary medical center: Blueprint and procedural outcomes
Authors: Buell Kevin G. , Hayat Muhammad H. , Walsh David W. , Wooldridge Kathleene T. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Heller Lawrence T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical Procedure Services (MPS) may represent a solution to the educational gap in procedural training among internal medicine residents and the unmet need for the clinical provision of non‐urgent inpatient procedures. However, there is little guidance available to help launch an MPS. Furthermore, procedural outcomes from a newly initiated MPS, including those comparing trainees versus attending physicians, are lacking.ObjectiveTo describe the blueprint used in the design, implementation, and ongoing oversight of an MPS and to report its procedural outcomes.Design, Settings and ParticipantsVanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee.InterventionThe launch of an MPS at a large tertiary academic hospital.Main Outcome and Measures6,152 procedural consultations resulting in 5,320 attempted procedures over a four‐and‐a‐half year period.ResultsThe primary proceduralist was a supervised resident in 58.7% (3124 /5,320) and an attending in 41.3% (2,196/5,320) of procedures. The overall success rate was 91.1% (95% CI: 90.3‐91.9%) and the major complication rate was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5‐1.0%). There was no difference in the mean number of attempts required to complete a procedure (1.6 vs 1.5 attempts, p=0.68) and the complication rates between supervised residents and attending proceduralists, respectively (20/3,124 vs 20/2,196, p=0.26).ConclusionAt a tertiary academic medical center, the implementation and maintenance of MPS is feasible, safe, and results in high rates of successful procedures performed by supervised residents. Procedures performed by supervised residents require comparable number of attempts for completion and carry similar risks as those performed alone by attendings.
Associations of gender identity with sexual behaviours, social stigma and sexually transmitted infections among adults who have sex with men in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: LeeVan Elyse , Hu Fengming , Mitchell Andrew B. , Kokogho Afoke , Adebajo Sylvia , Garges Eric C. , Qian Haoyu , Ake Julie A. , Robb Merlin L. , Charurat Manhattan E. , Baral Stefan D. , Nowak Rebecca G. , Crowell Trevor A. ,   for the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionSexual and gender minority populations are disproportionately affected by the global syndemic of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We hypothesized that transgender women (TGW) and non‐binary individuals in Nigeria have more STIs than cis‐gender men who have sex with men (cis‐MSM), and that experiences of stigma and sexual practices differ between these three groups.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2020, TRUST/RV368 enrolled adults assigned male sex at birth who reported anal sex with men in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were tested for STIs and completed questionnaires about sexual behaviours and social stigma every 3 months. Participants were categorized as cis‐MSM, TGW or non‐binary/other based on self‐reported gender identity. Gender group comparisons were made of HIV, gonorrhoea and chlamydia prevalence and incidence; stigma indicators; and condom use during anal sex.ResultsAmong 2795 participants, there were 2260 (80.8%) cis‐MSM, 284 (10.2%) TGW and 251 (9.0%) non‐binary/other individuals with median age of 23 years (interquartile range 20–27). HIV prevalence among cis‐MSM, TGW and non‐binary/other participants was 40.8%, 51.5% and 47.6%, respectively (p= 0.002). HIV incidence was 8.7 cases per 100 person‐years (PY) (95% confidence interval[CI] 6.9–10.8), 13.1 cases/100 PY (95% CI 6.5–23.4) and 17.6 cases/100 PY (95% CI 9.8–29.0,p= 0.025), respectively. Anorectal gonorrhoea incidence was lower in cis‐MSM than TGW (22.2 [95% CI 19.6–25.0] vs. 35.9 [95% CI 27.3–46.3]). TGW were more likely than cis‐MSM to report being affected by stigma, including assault (47.2% vs. 32.3%), fear of walking around (32.4% vs. 19.2%) and healthcare avoidance (25.0% vs. 19.1%; allp< 0.05). TGW were more likely to report always using condoms than non‐binary/other individuals (35.3% vs. 26.2%,p= 0.041) during receptive anal sex.ConclusionsSexual and gender minorities in Nigeria have heterogeneous sexual behaviours and experiences of social stigma that may influence the vulnerability to HIV and other STIs. There is a need for tailored interventions that acknowledge and are informed by gender. Further research is needed, particularly among understudied non‐binary individuals, to better understand disparities and inform tailored interventions to improve outcomes among these communities.