bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The beneficial effect of leaf removal during fruit set on physiological, biochemical, and qualitative indices and volatile organic compound profile of the Cypriot reference cultivar ‘Xynisteri’
Authors: Georgiadou Egli C. , Mina Minas , Neoptolemou Varnavas , Koundouras Stefanos , D'Onofrio Claudio , Bellincontro Andrea , Mencarelli Fabio , Fotopoulos Vasileios , Manganaris George A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground‘Xynisteri’ is the reference Cypriot white cultivar that, despite its significant societal and economic impact, is poorly characterized regarding its qualitative properties, while scarce information exists regarding its aroma profile. In the current study, the effect of leaf removal during fruit set (BBCH 71) on 6‐year cordon‐trained, spur‐pruned grapevines was assessed and an array of physiological, biochemical, and qualitative indices were monitored during successive developmental stages (BBCH 75, BBCH 85, BBCH 87, and BBCH 89). Grapes were additionally monitored for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile during the advanced on‐vine developmental stages (BBCH 85–BBCH 89) with the employment of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier‐transform near infrared (FT‐NIR) spectra and electronic nose (E‐nose) techniques.ResultsGrape berries from the vines subjected to leaf removal were characterized by higher solid soluble sugars (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), tartaric acid, and ammonium nitrogen contents, while this was not the case for assimilable amino nitrogen (primary amino nitrogen). A total of 75 compounds were identified and quantified, including aliphatic alcohols, benzenic compounds, phenols, vanillins, monoterpenes, and C13‐norisoprenoids. Leaf removal led to enhanced amounts of glycosylated aroma compounds, mainly monoterpenes, and C13‐norisoprenoids. Chemometric analysis, used through FT‐NIR and E‐nose, showed that the aromatic patterns detected were well associated to the grape ripening trend and differences between leaf removal‐treated and control grapes were detectable during fully ripe stage.ConclusionLeaf removal at fruit set resulted in an overall induction of secondary metabolism, with special reference to glycosylated aroma compounds, namely monoterpenes and C13‐norisoprenoids. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Slightly acidic electrolyzed water–slurry ice: shelf‐life extension and quality maintenance of mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) during chilled storage
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Zhang Bingjie , Liu Lin , Pu Tianting , Zhou Yuxiao , Xie Jing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDifferent ice treatments were applied for the preservation of mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus). The quality changes of samples treated with flake ice (Control), slurry ice (SI) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water–slurry ice (SAEW‐SI) in microbiological, physicochemical, protein characteristic, and sensory evaluation were investigated during chilled storage.RESULTSSAEW‐SI showed a significant advantage for the inhibition of microbial growth, which could extend the shelf‐life for another 144 h at least, compared with Control group. SAEW‐SI treatment also showed a strong inhibition for the increase in pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), K‐value, histamine and metmyoglobin (MetMb) content. Results of texture profile analysis (TPA) and water holding capacity (WHC) indicated that SAEW‐SI can obviously suppress the decrease of hardness value, and have a better protective effect on muscle structure compared to flake ice and SI (P < 0.05). During the whole experiment, the highest sensory scores and a* were obtained in the SAEW‐SI group, which indicated that SAEW‐SI treatment could maintain better sensory characteristics. According to the results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, SAEW‐SI treatment could effectively retard protein degradation and lipid oxidation compared with Control and SI group. In maintaining the quality of mackerel, SAEW‐SI shows a better effect than SI due to the synergistic effect of fence factors.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that the shelf‐life of mackerel could be extended and the quality of mackerel could be maintained effectively with SAEW‐SI treatment during chilled storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
InCISE: Instrument for Comprehensive Incisional and Surgical Evaluation
Authors: Lassig Amy Anne D. , Lindgren Bruce R. , Wilson Anna C. , Joseph Anne M. , Davison Mark , Yueh Bevan 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe evaluation of healing after head and neck surgery is currently qualitative and non‐standardized, limiting the quality of surgical healing assessments in clinical and research settings. We sought to develop an objective, standardized wound assessment score, and hypothesize that a reliable instrument can be developed to evaluate head and neck surgical wounds.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary‐care, academic head and neck surgery practice. Patients undergoing head and neck surgery were enrolled. A digital photograph protocol was developed for evaluating healing surgical wounds. A panel of experts developed and refined a wound healing score and established reliability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and validity of the score.ResultsInCISE: Instrument for comprehensive incisional and surgical evaluation was created. The utility of our wound healing score was assessed using classical test theory. We performed the major steps of establishing reliability in head and neck surgeons: (1) internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.81), (2) inter‐observer reliability (intra‐class correlation = 0.76), and (3) intra‐rater reliability (intra‐class correlation = 0.87), and content validity (through focus groups). Our composite measure was found to have strong internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, and intra‐rater reliability. Preliminary work suggests criterion validity via associations with physical health related quality of life (SF‐12).ConclusionA wound healing score for head and neck surgery, InCISE, has been developed and is reliable, reproducible, and consistent. Although content validity is present and criterion validity is suggested, work continues to establish validity in this instrument to allow for expanded clinical and research use.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:2166–2173, 2023
Optimised dry processing of protein concentrates from Australian pulses: A comparative study of faba bean, yellow pea and red lentil seed material
Authors: Skylas Daniel J. , Johnson Joel B. , Kalitsis John , Richard Sonya , Whiteway Chris , Wesley Ian , Naiker Mani , Quail Ken J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMilling and air classification settings were optimised for production of protein concentrates from Australian faba bean, yellow pea and red lentil seed material. Pulses were milled to flour of three progressively finer particle size distributions (D50 of 23–25, 16–18 and 13–14 μm) and air classified at classifier wheel speeds of 7080, 9600 and 10,200 rpm. Maximum protein concentration was reported for pulse flours (D50 of 13–14 μm) at 9600 rpm. Protein concentrations of 61.4, 58.1 and 61.0 g/100 g (db.), reflecting a fold increase in protein content of 1.9, 2.3 and 2.1, were reported for faba bean, yellow pea and red lentil, respectively. Protein, ash, fat and total dietary fibre contents were significantly higher in fine fractions (p < 0.05), compared with coarse fractions, resulting in protein concentrates with enhanced nutritional properties. Amino acid score (AAS) of protein concentrates highlighted deficiencies in sulphur‐containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine (MET + CYS), and tryptophan. Based on the lowest AAS (MET + CYS), protein concentrates were ranked highest for yellow pea (0.75), followed by faba bean (0.58) and red lentil (0.51). Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that bioactive constituents also co‐concentrated with protein (fine fraction), potentially leading to protein concentrates with enhanced health benefits. Shelf‐life assessment for the original flours and protein concentrates indicated the onset of rancidity after 3 months of storage. As fat content co‐concentrated with protein, the rancidity (%) scores were higher for protein concentrates compared with the original flours. This demonstrates the importance of developing effective treatments, suitable for dry processing, which can extend shelf‐life and stability of protein concentrate ingredients for domestic and export markets. The objective of this study was to increase the knowledge available on dry processing of protein concentrates from Australian pulses. The information generated from this study will look to inform future commercial scale processing operations.
Periodic boundary layer separation and lateral intrusions observed above a sloping lakebed
Authors: Nielson Jeffrey R. , Henderson Stephen M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLateral intrusions flowing from the boundaries of lakes and oceans might influence basin‐scale distributions of heat, chemical solutes, sediments, and organisms. Here, observations of numerous intrusions from multiple locations in a small lake were used to examine the relation of intrusions to a lakewide internal seiche, and to estimate mean exchange between sloping bottom boundary layers (BBLs) and the lake interior. BBL waters were observed periodically separating from the bed and flowing laterally offshore. Boundary layer separation was initiated where strong downslope flows encountered upslope‐propagating temperature fronts. These separation events propagated upslope, coherent with the vertically propagating internal seiche, resembling previously reported cases of upslope‐propagating internal bores. Following separation, jets flowed offshore immediately above temperature fronts, transporting boundary layer water at least 61 m into the interior. Jet propagation could be traced upwards, from the bed at 9.4 m depth to the base of the surface mixed layer. Mean offshore transport was most intense within the metalimnion (4–7 m depth). Intruding intermediate‐temperature thermocline water was likely supplied both by river inputs and by boundary mixing of cold and warm waters. These findings suggest that periodic jets, resulting from seiche‐induced boundary layer separation, transported significant quantities of water from the boundary layer toward the stratified lake interior, with possible implications for distributions of sediments, solutes, and organisms.
Chernoff approximations of Feller semigroups in Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Mazzucchi Sonia , Moretti Valter , Remizov Ivan , Smolyanov Oleg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChernoff approximations of Feller semigroups and the associated diffusion processes in Riemannian manifolds are studied. The manifolds are assumed to be of bounded geometry, thus including all compact manifolds and also a wide range of non‐compact manifolds. Sufficient conditions are established for a class of second order elliptic operators to generate a Feller semigroup on a (generally non‐compact) manifold of bounded geometry. A construction of Chernoff approximations is presented for these Feller semigroups in terms of shift operators. This provides approximations of solutions to initial value problems for parabolic equations with variable coefficients on the manifold. It also yields weak convergence of a sequence of random walks on the manifolds to the diffusion processes associated with the elliptic generator. For parallelizable manifolds this result is applied in particular to the representation of Brownian motion on the manifolds as limits of the corresponding random walks.
Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers
Authors: Liu Gui‐Hong , Chen Tao , Zhang Xin , Ma Xue‐Lei , Shi Hua‐Shan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompared with traditional therapies, targeted therapy has merits in selectivity, efficacy, and tolerability. Small molecule inhibitors are one of the primary targeted therapies for cancer. Due to their advantages in a wide range of targets, convenient medication, and the ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, many efforts have been devoted to developing more small molecule inhibitors. To date, 88 small molecule inhibitors have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Despite remarkable progress, small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment still face many obstacles, such as low response rate, short duration of response, toxicity, biomarkers, and resistance. To better promote the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cancers, we comprehensively reviewed small molecule inhibitors involved in all the approved agents and pivotal drug candidates in clinical trials arranged by the signaling pathways and the classification of small molecule inhibitors. We discussed lessons learned from the development of these agents, the proper strategies to overcome resistance arising from different mechanisms, and combination therapies concerned with small molecule inhibitors. Through our review, we hoped to provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Prophylactic lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) for preventing lymphedema after sarcoma resection in the lower limb: A report of three cases and literature review
Authors: Wan Rou , Hussain Arif , Kuruoglu Doga , Houdek Matthew T. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPatients with soft tissue tumors of the lower extremities are at greater risk to develop postoperative disruption of lymphatic vessels. Currently, there is no widely effective cure for lymphatic dysfunction. Therefore, the best strategy is to prevent it and reconstruct efficient drainage as soon as the original pathway is damaged. We present a report of three prophylactic LVA cases after sarcoma resection in the lower limb, and a literature review to show the feasibility of prophylactic LVAs. The patients were 35, 73, and 77 years old, respectively, at the time of the procedure. All three patients had sarcoma in the medial thigh and underwent radiation therapy before the surgery. The locations of the LVAs include the medial thigh and medial and lateral calf. During the surgery, methylene blue and/or indocyanine green were injected to identify lymphatic vessels. Postoperative recovery was uneventful immediately after the surgery. At follow‐up visits, all three patients reported improved functions with no significant swelling in the lower limb. One patient experienced a surgical wound infection that resolved after antibiotic admission. Two patients had a history of cardiac diseases, a major risk factor for developing postoperative lymphedema, but these two patients did not develop lymphedema with the treatment of prophylactic LVAs. These results suggest that prophylactic LVA may be an effective strategy to prevent secondary lymphedema after sarcoma resection. Further investigation is warranted.
Iterative training of robust k‐space interpolation networks for improved image reconstruction with limited scan specific training samples
Authors: Dawood Peter , Breuer Felix , Stebani Jannik , Burd Paul , Homolya István , Oberberger Johannes , Jakob Peter M. , Blaimer Martin 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo evaluate an iterative learning approach for enhanced performance of robust artificial‐neural‐networks for k‐space interpolation (RAKI), when only a limited amount of training data (auto‐calibration signals [ACS]) are available for accelerated standard 2D imaging.MethodsIn a first step, the RAKI model was tailored for the case of limited training data amount. In the iterative learning approach (termed iterative RAKI [iRAKI]), the tailored RAKI model is initially trained using original and augmented ACS obtained from a linear parallel imaging reconstruction. Subsequently, the RAKI convolution filters are refined iteratively using original and augmented ACS extracted from the previous RAKI reconstruction. Evaluation was carried out on 200 retrospectively undersampled in vivo datasets from the fastMRI neuro database with different contrast settings.ResultsFor limited training data (18 and 22 ACS lines for R = 4 and R = 5, respectively), iRAKI outperforms standard RAKI by reducing residual artifacts and yields better noise suppression when compared to standard parallel imaging, underlined by quantitative reconstruction quality metrics. Additionally, iRAKI shows better performance than both GRAPPA and standard RAKI in case of pre‐scan calibration with varying contrast between training‐ and undersampled data.ConclusionRAKI benefits from the iterative learning approach, which preserves the noise suppression feature, but requires less original training data for the accurate reconstruction of standard 2D images thereby improving net acceleration.
Acoustic Imaging Observes Predator–Prey Interactions between Bull Trout and Migrating Sockeye Salmon Smolts
Authors: Cheng Matthew L. H. , Hinch Scott G. , Juanes Francis , Healy Stephen J. , Lotto Andrew G. , Mapley Sydney J. , Furey Nathan B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Annual migrations by juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. smolts are predictable, presenting opportunities for predators to exploit these seasonal prey pulses. Directly observing predator–prey interactions to understand factors affecting predation may be possible via dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) acoustic imaging. Within Chilko Lake, British Columbia, prior telemetry and stomach content analyses suggested that the out-migration of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts influences the movements and aggregations of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus that feed extensively on smolts during their out-migration. Bull Trout captured at a government-installed counting fence exhibited high consumption of smolts, but it is only assumed that feeding occurred directly at the fence. We used DIDSON to assess fine-scale predator–prey interactions between Sockeye Salmon smolts and Bull Trout over 10 d during the 2016 smolt out-migration. We found that smolt–Bull Trout interactions were correlated with smolt densities at the counting fence, consistent with the prior diet studies in the system. Predator–prey interactions were also coupled with nocturnal migratory behaviors of Sockeye Salmon smolts, presumably to minimize predation risk. These results demonstrate that DIDSON technology can record interactions between predators and migrating prey at a resolution that can identify variability in space and time and provide insight on the role of anthropogenic structures (e.g., counting fences) in mediating such interactions.
Approximate analytical solution of tunneling‐induced responses of a soil–foundation system using contact mechanics
Authors: Hong Xuefei , Zhang Dingli , Zhou Mozhen , Fang Qian , Hou Yanjuan , Fang Huangcheng , Sun Zhenyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstimating the tunneling‐induced responses of a soil–foundation system is crucial for safety control in urban underground engineering. In existing analytical research, the soil–foundation interaction is considered based on the Winkler soil model, with minimal focus on the continuum soil model. Hence, in this study, based on the continuum soil model, an approximate analytical solution is derived to predict the tunneling‐induced responses of a soil–foundation system considering the contact effect, where an approximation by replacing the surface of the complex variable solution for an elastic half‐plane with a tunnel with the mathematical expression of Sagaseta's ground loss settlement formula is adopted. A new strategy is proposed to optimize the derivation process, where the normal contact pressure after tunnel excavation is directly determined using the contact mechanics, and the proposed solution is obtained using the superposition principle. Subsequently, the approximation is proven to be accurate when the ratio of the buried depth to the tunnel radius is greater than 2.00. The proposed solution meets the given conditions and is in good agreement with numerical results, which verify the correctness of analytical solution. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to investigate the influences of the key parameters on the mechanical responses. The results indicate that the proposed solution can quantitatively describe the nonlinear contact characteristics in the soil–foundation system; the contact effect is found to contribute to the discontinuous displacement and stress concentration when subjected to the significant effects of tunnel excavation.
Klinefelter Syndrome: What should we tell prospective parents?
Authors: White Mary , Zacharin Margaret R. , Fawcett Susan , McGillivray George 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS) or 47,XXY is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA), occurring at a prevalence of 1 in 600 male pregnancies. Historically, only 25% of individuals with KS came to medical attention, for a range of issues across the life course including under‐virilisation at birth, developmental and social concerns in childhood, absence, delay or arrest of puberty in adolescence or infertility in adulthood. Our understanding of the phenotypic spectrum of KS has been largely influenced by this ascertainment bias. With increasing uptake of antenatal noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), a corresponding increase in identification of KS has been documented. Population‐based longitudinal data from infancy to adulthood on these individuals is lacking, which impedes balanced antenatal genetic counselling and raises issues for prospective parents and clinicians alike.
Functionalized carbon nanotube and carbon nanodot modified multiblock poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) copolymer as proton exchange composite membranes for fuel cell applications
Authors: Dhiman Rashi , Thakur Tamanna , Gaur Bharti , Singha Amar Singh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study describes the successful synthesis of –COOH functionalized carbon nanodots (f‐CNDs) via pyrolysis of citric acid and 4,4′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid (DPA‐OH, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, United States) based hydrophilic oligomer at 250 °C. The multiblock copolymers were prepared by a coupling reaction between phenoxide terminated valeric acid based poly(arylene ether ketone) (DPA‐OH) hydrophilic oligomer and decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, Massachusetts, United States) end‐capped poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BP‐X‐F) hydrophobic oligomers (where X is 6, 9 and 12). Multiblock poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) copolymer crosslinked membranes were prepared using 6F‐bisphenol‐A based novolac epoxy resin (EFN) and –COOH functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/functionalized carbon nanodots (f‐MWCNTs/f‐CNDs, Nanoshell company, Utah, U. S) were used for the preparation of acid doped composite membranes for fuel cell applications. From high resolution TEM images, the average size of the prepared f‐CNDs found to be ca 10–12 nm. The N1 multiblock copolymer membrane with loading of 0.9 wt% ratio of CNTs showed better proton exchange membrane related properties such as proton conductivity (0.136 S cm−1), ion exchange capacity (1.18 meq g−1) and selectivity ratio (0.17) compared to the prepared pristine, crosslinked and CND based composite membranes. The overall results revealed that the composite membranes with loading of 0.9 wt% of CNTs and CNDs exhibited a superior combination of fuel cell related properties such as higher proton conductivity, high dimensional and oxidative stability and low methanol permeability and also showed better fuel cell performance compared to the respective pristine and EFN crosslinked membranes. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.