bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of international comparisons of health inequalities as reflected in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health during its five decades
Authors: Lahelma Eero , Rahkonen Ossi 
Published: March 2022

Aims: We examined the development of research articles published in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health and its predecessors Acta Socio-Medica Scandinavica and the Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine from 1969 until 2020 to be able to identify the place of international comparisons of socioeconomic inequalities in health in the journal. Methods: Altogether 3237 research articles were screened to yield 126 comparative research articles. Examining full texts of the comparative articles led to 13 articles reporting comparisons of health inequalities. Results: The first one came out in 1972, but the rest only after the mid-1990s. The most common socioeconomic indicator was education, but also occupational class and income was used. The most common health indicator was self-rated health. The articles compared Nordic countries with each other, but also with non-Nordic countries. Although the number of comparative studies on health inequalities was relatively small, there were examples of well-designed studies using advanced methodology. We examined only published journal articles over the past five decades, not submitted but rejected papers. Conclusions: In the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health and its predecessors, comparisons of health inequalities were few and emerged relatively late, that is, during the past two decades.
Genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of LEA gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Huang RuoLan , Xiao Dong , Wang Xin , Zhan Jie , Wang AiQing , He LongFei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a group of highly hydrophilic glycine-rich proteins, which accumulate in the late stage of seed maturation and are associated with many abiotic stresses. However, few peanut LEA genes had been reported, and the research on the number, location, structure, molecular phylogeny and expression of AhLEAs was very limited.

Results
In this study, 126 LEA genes were identified in the peanut genome through genome-wide analysis and were further divided into eight groups. Sequence analysis showed that most of the AhLEAs (85.7%) had no or only one intron. LEA genes were randomly distributed on 20 chromosomes. Compared with tandem duplication, segmental duplication played a more critical role in AhLEAs amplication, and 93 segmental duplication AhLEAs and 5 pairs of tandem duplication genes were identified. Synteny analysis showed that some AhLEAs genes come from a common ancestor, and genome rearrangement and translocation occurred among these genomes. Almost all promoters of LEAs contain ABRE, MYB recognition sites, MYC recognition sites, and ERE cis-acting elements, suggesting that the LEA genes were involved in stress response. Gene transcription analyses revealed that most of the LEAs were expressed in the late stages of peanut embryonic development. LEA3 (AH16G06810.1, AH06G03960.1), and Dehydrin (AH07G18700.1, AH17G19710.1) were highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Moreover, 100 AhLEAs were involved in response to drought, low-temperature, or Al stresses. Some LEAs that were regulated by different abiotic stresses were also regulated by hormones including ABA, brassinolide, ethylene and salicylic acid. Interestingly, AhLEAs that were up-regulated by ethylene and salicylic acid showed obvious subfamily preferences. Furthermore, three AhLEA genes, AhLEA1, AhLEA3-1, and AhLEA3-3, which were up-regulated by drought, low-temperature, or Al stresses was proved to enhance cold and Al tolerance in yeast, and AhLEA3-1 enhanced the drought tolerance in yeast.

Conclusions
AhLEAs are involved in abiotic stress response, and segmental duplication plays an important role in the evolution and amplification of AhLEAs. The genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary and transcription analyses of the AhLEA gene family provide a foundation for further exploring the LEA genes’ function in response to abiotic stress in peanuts.
Heart and bladder detection and segmentation on FDG PET/CT by deep learning
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Jemaa Skander , Fredrickson Jill , Coimbra Alexandre Fernandez , Nielsen Tina , De Crespigny Alex , Bengtsson Thomas , Carano Richard A. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) has been extensively used to quantify metabolically active tumors in various oncology indications. However, FDG-PET/CT often encounters false positives in tumor detection due to 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation from the heart and bladder that often exhibit similar FDG uptake as tumors. Thus, it is necessary to eliminate this source of physiological noise. Major challenges for this task include: (1) large inter-patient variability in the appearance for the heart and bladder. (2) The size and shape of bladder or heart may appear different on PET and CT. (3) Tumors can be very close or connected to the heart or bladder.

Approach
A deep learning based approach is proposed to segment the heart and bladder on whole body PET/CT automatically. Two 3D U-Nets were developed separately to segment the heart and bladder, where each network receives the PET and CT as a multi-modal input. Data sets were obtained from retrospective clinical trials and include 575 PET/CT for heart segmentation and 538 for bladder segmentation.

Results
The models were evaluated on a test set from an independent trial and achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.96 for heart segmentation and 0.95 for bladder segmentation, Average Surface Distance (ASD) of 0.44 mm on heart and 0.90 mm on bladder.

Conclusions
This methodology could be a valuable component to the FDG-PET/CT data processing chain by removing FDG physiological noise associated with heart and/or bladder accumulation prior to image analysis by manual, semi- or automated tumor analysis methods.
Chronic stress, behavioral tendencies, and determinants of health behaviors in nurses: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Heuel Luis , Lübstorf Svea , Otto Ann-Kathrin , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Nurses experience high, and often chronic, levels of occupational stress. As high-quality care requires a healthy workforce, individualized stress-alleviating interventions for nurses are needed. This study explored barriers and resources associated with health behaviors in nurses with different stress levels and work-related behavioral tendencies and identified health behavior determinants based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model.

Methods
Applying a mixed methods transformative triangulation design, n = 43 nurses filled out chronic stress (SSCS) and work-related behavior and experience patterns (German acronym AVEM) questionnaires, and participated in semi-structured interviews. With content analysis, categories of health behavior-related barriers and resources emerged. Behavior determinants (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies), health behavior, and barriers and resources were quantified via frequency and magnitude coding and interrelated with SSCS and AVEM scores to link level of health behavior with potential influencing factors. Nonparametric tests explored differences in quantified variables for SSCS and AVEM scores and 4-step-hierarchical regression analysis identified predictors for health behavior.

Results
Eighty-four percent of the nurses were chronically stressed while 49% exhibited unhealthy behavioral tendencies at the workplace. 16 personal and organizational themes (six resources, ten barriers) influenced health behaviors. Stress was associated with resource frequency (p = .027) and current health behaviors (p = .07). Self-efficacy significantly explained variance in health behaviors (p = .003).

Conclusion
Health promotion related barriers and resources should be considered in designing nurse health promotion campaigns. Practitioners need to individualize and tailor interventions toward stress and behavioral experiences for sustainable effects on adherence and health.
Traffic safety knowledge gain of ambulance drivers after simulator-based training
Authors: Prohn Maria J. , Herbig Britta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Compared to other road users, ambulance drivers are at a higher accident risk while driving with warning lights and sirens. No standard exists for training or education for emergency medical service employees driving ambulances. Training programs should positively influence knowledge. However, knowledge gain can be influenced by several different factors. This study developed a knowledge test for ambulance drivers to determine influencing factors on knowledge and its gain by simulator-based training.

Methods
Two parallel knowledge test forms with 20 questions each were designed in several steps and tested on up to 174 participants. Questionnaires were used to study associated and influencing factors, such as objective experience, subjective attitudes, personality, motivation and demographic data.

Results
Test construction showed good overall parallelism of the two tests as well as reliability and sensitivity. There was no correlation between subjective and objective knowledge gain, but participants with higher subjective knowledge gain showed a higher variation in objective knowledge. Younger age, higher qualification, higher number of license classes, fewer traffic violations, and more traffic safety trainings were positively associated with knowledge, whereas less yearly driving mileage, more traffic safety trainings, and higher risk sensitivity positively influenced knowledge gain through the training.

Conclusion
Knowledge and its gain through training are very low. Reasons for the lack of predictive power of some variables, such as motivation, personality and attitudes, are discussed. This study presents a new tool for testing knowledge on driving with warning lights and sirens. It shows the need for objective testing and for further research in this special area.
Integration of a menstrual health intervention in a community-based sexual and reproductive health service for young people in Zimbabwe: a qualitative acceptability study
Authors: Tembo Mandikudza , Renju Jenny , Weiss Helen A. , Dauya Ethel , Gweshe Nancy , Ndlovu Precious , Nzombe Portia , Chikwari Chido Dziva , Mavodza Constancia Vimbayi , Mackworth-Young Constance R. S. , A. Ferrand Rashida , Francis Suzanna C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite being fundamental to the health and well-being of women, menstrual health is often overlooked as a health priority and access to menstrual health education, products, and support is limited. Consequently, many young women are unprepared for menarche and face challenges in accessing menstrual health products and support and in managing menstruation in a healthy and dignified way. In this paper, we examine the acceptability of a comprehensive menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) intervention integrated within a community-based sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service for young people aged 16–24 years in Zimbabwe called CHIEDZA.

Methods
We conducted focus group discussions, that included participatory drawings, with CHIEDZA healthcare service providers (N = 3) and with young women who had attended CHIEDZA (N = 6) between June to August 2020. Translated transcripts were read for familiarisation and thematic analysis was used to explore acceptability. We applied Sekhon’s thematic framework of acceptability that looks at seven key constructs (affective attitudes, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity costs, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy). Data from FGDs and meeting minutes taken during the study time period were used to triangulate a comprehensive understanding of MHH intervention acceptability.

Results
The MHH intervention was acceptable to participants as it addressed the severe prevailing lack of access to menstrual health education, products, and support in the communities, and facilitated access to other SRH services on site. In addition to the constructs defined by Sekhon’s thematic framework, acceptability was also informed by external contextual factors such as sociocultural norms and the economic environment. Providers highlighted the increased burden in their workload due to demand for MHH products, and how sociocultural beliefs around insertable menstrual products compromising virginity can negatively affect acceptability among young people and community members.

Conclusions
MHH interventions are acceptable to young women in community-based settings in Zimbabwe as there is great unmet need for comprehensive MHH support. The integration of MHH in SRH services can serve as a facilitator to female engagement with SRH services. However, it is important to note that contextual external factors can affect the implementation and acceptability of integrated SRH and MHH services within communities.

Trial registration
Registry: Clinicaltrials.gov, Registration Number: NCT03719521, Registration Date: October 25, 2018.
Shared Decision-Making: Some cautionary observations in the context of elite sport
Authors: Paul Darren James , Jones Luke , Read Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concept of shared decision-making (SDM) has emerged as a key component in the return to play interface as a hallmark of good practice that is athlete focused and allows greater engagement from the athlete. SDM is an appealing, well-intentioned framework that would seemingly lend itself to effectively being implemented. However, in this editorial, we have identified concerns surrounding the social complexities of elite sports and the difficulties of truly applying this concept in practice. In what follows, we explain the dynamics associated, discuss the importance of context when considering the efficacy of this practice and lastly offer what we see as certain key issues that might impede effective SDM.
Prognostic Value of Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Young, Node-Negative, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Who Did Not Receive (neo)Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
Authors: de Jong Vincent M.T. , Wang Yuwei , ter Hoeve Natalie D. , Opdam Mark , Stathonikos Nikolas , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Hauptmann Michael , Cornelissen Sten , Vreuls Willem , Rosenberg Efraim H. , Koop Esther A. , Varga Zsuzsanna , van Deurzen Carolien H.M. , Mooyaart Antien L. , Córdoba Alicia , Groen Emma J. , Bart Joost , Willems Stefan M. , Zolota Vasiliki , Wesseling Jelle , Sapino Anna , Chmielik Ewa , Ryska Ales , Broeks Annegien , Voogd Adri C. , Loi Sherene , Michiels Stefan , Sonke Gabe S. , van der Wall Elsken , Siesling Sabine , van Diest Paul J. , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Kok Marleen , Dackus Gwen M.H.E. , Salgado Roberto , Linn Sabine C. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered aggressive, and therefore, virtually all young patients with TNBC receive (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) have been associated with a favorable prognosis in TNBC. However, whether this association holds for patients who are node-negative (N0), young (< 40 years), and chemotherapy-naïve, and thus can be used for chemotherapy de-escalation strategies, is unknown. METHODS We selected all patients with N0 TNBC diagnosed between 1989 and 2000 from a Dutch population–based registry. Patients were age < 40 years at diagnosis and had not received (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy, as was standard practice at the time. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved (PALGA: Dutch Pathology Registry), and a pathology review including sTILs was performed. Patients were categorized according to sTILs (< 30%, 30%-75%, and ≥ 75%). Multivariable Cox regression was performed for overall survival, with or without sTILs as a covariate. Cumulative incidence of distant metastasis or death was analyzed in a competing risk model, with second primary tumors as competing risk. RESULTS sTILs were scored for 441 patients. High sTILs (≥ 75%; 21%) translated into an excellent prognosis with a 15-year cumulative incidence of a distant metastasis or death of only 2.1% (95% CI, 0 to 5.0), whereas low sTILs (< 30%; 52%) had an unfavorable prognosis with a 15-year cumulative incidence of a distant metastasis or death of 38.4% (32.1 to 44.6). In addition, every 10% increment of sTILs decreased the risk of death by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.87), which are an independent predictor adding prognostic information to standard clinicopathologic variables (χ2 = 46.7, P < .001). CONCLUSION Chemotherapy-naïve, young patients with N0 TNBC with high sTILs (≥ 75%) have an excellent long-term prognosis. Therefore, sTILs should be considered for prospective clinical trials investigating (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy de-escalation strategies.
"Knotted Together like Roots in the Darkness": Rural Midwestern Women and Region—A Bibliographic Guide
Authors: Aley Ginette 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three quarters of a century ago, writer Bess Streeter Aldrich sought to use her fiction to overturn a woefully inadequate portrayal of midwesterners and midwestern life; recent historians of rural midwestern women have been similarly motivated. Yet they have faced daunting challenges. Like Aldrich, historians contest the region’s stultifying and monolithic image to bring to light the wide variety of meaningful and important gendered and cross-cultural experiences. Although the region is often difficult to interpret in all of its complexity, contradictions, and variations, it is also a place tied to a common agricultural heritage. Within this context, rural Midwestern women and their experiences have historically shaped, altered, and influenced rural life and agriculture of localities, the region, and beyond as the recent scholarship in this bibliographic essay demonstrates.
Hallmarks of intestinal stem cells
Authors: Baulies Anna , Angelis Nikolaos , Li Vivian S. W. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are highly proliferative cells that fuel the continuous renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Understanding their regulatory mechanisms during tissue homeostasis is key to delineating their roles in development and regeneration, as well as diseases such as bowel cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies of ISCs focused mainly on the position of these cells along the intestinal crypt and their capacity for multipotency. However, evidence increasingly suggests that ISCs also exist in distinct cellular states, which can be an acquired rather than a hardwired intrinsic property. In this Review, we summarise the recent findings into how ISC identity can be defined by proliferation state, signalling crosstalk, epigenetics and metabolism, and propose an update on the hallmarks of ISCs. We further discuss how these properties contribute to intestinal development and the dynamics of injury-induced regeneration.
A Robust Test of Prejudice for Discrimination Experiments
Authors: Martin Daniel , Marx Philip 
Published: March 2022

A large experimental literature is devoted to studying discrimination. An important question for policymakers and firms is what drives the discrimination uncovered by those experiments. However, motivations are hard to determine when decision makers pay selective attention to information because their learning is private. We overcome this challenge by deriving conditions on average outcomes that reveal decision makers are prejudiced no matter what they learn about individuals in each demographic group before making their decisions. This provides a test of prejudice that is general, simple, and robust and that can potentially be used to identify prejudice in a wide range of important settings, such as hiring, consumer lending, and housing access. We demonstrate our test of prejudice using two influential labor market experiments. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Design in the Age of Change
Authors: Muratovski Gjoko 
Published: March 2022

Change is inevitable. This is the only constant in our lives. Yet, change is also something that we fear. We seek comfort in the familiar, in routines and in conventions. We are afraid of things that we don't know or we don’t understand. We fear change because we don’t know how change will affect us. Change, however, is necessary for progress. Sometimes, change happens naturally due to circumstances beyond our control, and sometimes we initiate change because we can or because we must.

In 2020, we experienced the biggest change of our lifetimes. For a brief moment in history, the world came to a halt. Then, everything changed. Many things that we used to take for granted no longer applied. We experienced major disruptions to our daily lives. As if in some kind of perfect storm, so many things happened all at once – global pandemic, social inequalities, climate change, racial injustices, riots and unrests, gender struggles and rapid advances of new technologies. This book started to take shape in the midst of it all, and in a way, it is a time capsule of how we experienced the birth of what became known as the 'new normal'.

Designers are the kind of people who thrive in times of change. In fact, it is their job to create change. The nature of their job is such that they have to take an existing situation and change it into a better, or a more preferred situation. Some do this by relying on their imagination and personal experiences, and some use evidence-based research to inform their work. Regardless of this, many share the belief that they can somehow make the world a better place – on a micro or a macro level.

During this period of massive change, Gjoko Muratovski invited ten highly influential design figures – including iconic design leaders such as Carole Bilson, Karim Rashid, Bruce Mau, Steven Heller and Don Norman – to reflect on the state of things today. In return, each one of them shares a highly personal account on why change is good. The book also features a foreword written by the president of the World Design Organisation (WDO), Srini Srinisavan, and a conclusion by one of the greatest design philosophers of our time, Ken Friedman.

By looking to the past and reflecting on the present, these designers project very personal images of the future that they would like to see. The conversations are very broad, and they cover highly diverse topics. From the effects of the pandemic, to issues of race and gender, notions of beauty, technology and industry, to global and local economies, politics, power, privilege and the importance of community.

A 'must-read' for anyone interested in how designers and design can change the world.

Gjoko Muratovski is a university executive, award-winning designer and innovation consultant working with leading organisations, Fortune 500 companies and governments from around the world, and a fellow of the Design Research Society.