bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Problem-solving Treatment on Self-reported Disability Among Veterans With Gulf War Illness
Authors: McAndrew Lisa M. , Quigley Karen S. , Lu Shou-En , Litke David , Rath Joseph F. , Lange Gudrun , Santos Susan L. , Anastasides Nicole , Petrakis Beth Ann , Greenberg Lauren , Helmer Drew A. , Pigeon Wilfred R. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceFew evidence-based treatments are available for Gulf War illness (GWI). Behavioral treatments that target factors known to maintain the disability from GWI, such as problem-solving impairment, may be beneficial. Problem-solving treatment (PST) targets problem-solving impairment and is an evidence-based treatment for other conditions.ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of PST to reduce disability, problem-solving impairment, and physical symptoms in GWI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in the US Department of Veterans Affairs compared PST with health education in a volunteer sample of 511 Gulf War veterans with GWI and disability (January 1, 2015, to September 1, 2019); outcomes were assessed at 12 weeks and 6 months. Statistical analysis was conducted between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020.InterventionsProblem-solving treatment taught skills to improve problem-solving. Health education provided didactic health information. Both were delivered by telephone weekly for 12 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was reduction from baseline to 12 weeks in self-report of disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule). Secondary outcomes were reductions in self-report of problem-solving impairment and objective problem-solving. Exploratory outcomes were reductions in pain, pain disability, and fatigue.ResultsA total of 268 veterans (mean [SD] age, 52.9 [7.3] years; 88.4% male; 66.8% White) were randomized to PST (n = 135) or health education (n = 133). Most participants completed all 12 sessions of PST (114 of 135 [84.4%]) and health education (120 of 133 [90.2%]). No difference was found between groups in reductions in disability at the end of treatment. Results suggested that PST reduced problem-solving impairment (moderate effect, 0.42; P = .01) and disability at 6 months (moderate effect, 0.39; P = .06) compared with health education.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of PST for GWI, no difference was found between groups in reduction in disability at 12 weeks. Problem-solving treatment had high adherence and reduced problem-solving impairment and potentially reduced disability at 6 months compared with health education. These findings should be confirmed in future studies.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02161133
Broadband Visual Adaption and Image Recognition in a Monolithic Neuromorphic Machine Vision System
Authors: Cai Yuchen , Wang Feng , Wang Xinming , Li Shuhui , Wang Yanrong , Yang Jia , Yan Tao , Zhan Xueying , Wang Fengmei , Cheng Ruiqing , He Jun , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBio‐inspired machine visions have caused wide attentions due to the higher time/power efficiencies over the conventional architectures. Although bio‐mimic photo‐sensors and neuromorphic computing have been individually demonstrated, a complete monolithic vision system has rarely been studied. Here, a neuromorphic machine vision system (NMVS) integrating front‐end retinomorphic sensors and a back‐end convolutional neural network (CNN) based on a single ferroelectric‐semiconductor‐transistor (FST) device structure is reported. As a photo‐sensor, the FST shows a broadband (275–808 nm) retina‐like light adaption function with a large dynamic range of 20.3 stops, and as a unit of the CNN, the FST's weight can be linearly programmed. In total, the NMVS has a high recognition accuracy of 93.0% on a broadband‐dim‐image classification task, which is 20% higher than that of an incomplete system without the retinomorphic sensors. Because of the monolithic unit, the NVMS shows high feasibility for integrated bio‐inspired machine vision systems.
Electrically Reliable Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells Against Instantaneous Kilovolt Stress
Authors: Park Junhyoung , Byeon Junseop , Jang Jihun , Ko MyeongGeun , Ahn Namyoung , Choi Mansoo , Song Hyung‐Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe electrical stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will play an essential role in their commercialization because field‐installed PSCs frequently operate under non‐ideal voltages. Particularly, an instantaneous extremely high voltage (IEHVs) from electro‐static discharge will be applied to PSCs due to friction in roll‐to‐roll processes. In addition, lightning strikes and surges from grids are plausible sources of IEHVs to field‐installed PSCs. Hence, the effect of IEHVs on PSCs is systematically investigated and a robust device structure is suggested. An IEHV severely deteriorates PSCs by destroying their diode characteristics. Physical and chemical damage from IEHVs to the interface between the perovskite film and buffer layers causes increased recombination losses and series resistance. To reinforce the heterointerface, a well‐known surface defect passivation method is adopted, adding excessive PbI2 to perovskite films. The excessive PbI2, mainly located at the interface, successfully protects PSCs from IEHV. Moreover, inserting well‐established defect passivation layers, C60, and phenethylammonium iodide into the interface of a perovskite film improves the device's stability against IEHV. Therefore, interface defect passivation is viable for stable PSCs against abnormal electrical stress. It is believed that this study will provide fundamental insights for designing electrically reliable PSCs, which is crucial for grid‐connected, field‐installed energy generation sources.
Collective Synthesis and Cytotoxicities of Wentilactone Type Norditerpenoid Dilactones
Authors: Hou Wu , Wang Mingyu , Wang Jing , Cao Xin , Xu Peng , Yu Biao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNorditerpenoid dilactones with various modifications on the A‐ring are common in nature, which exhibit a variety of biological and pharmaceutical activities. In this work, 31 norditerpenoid dilactone derivatives with functionalization on the A‐ and C‐rings were prepared by employed 3β‐hydroxydilactone as a common precursor. Cytotoxic evaluation showed that norditerpenoid dilactones bearing 3β‐OH and 1,2‐β‐epoxide or 2,3‐β‐epoxide displayed promising inhibitory activities against tumor cell lines (IC50=1.0–6.5 μM).
Asystole following spinal anaesthesia: the hazards of intrinsic cardiac reflexes
Authors: Lacey J. R. , Dubowitz J. A. , Riedel B. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryUnwanted initiation of intrinsic cardiac reflexes can precipitate bradycardia and cardiac arrest after spinal anaesthesia. We report the case of a 40‐year‐old man who suffered sudden asystolic cardiac arrest following spinal anaesthesia prior to planned abdominal surgery, likely due to the initiation of one or more intrinsic cardiac reflexes including the Bezold–Jarisch reflex, the reverse Bainbridge reflex and the pacemaker stretch reflex. The characteristics of this patient placed him at increased risk of this underappreciated cause of bradycardia and hypotension. We present a summary of the physiology and clinical features relevant to this case and the considerations for avoidance of similar complications after spinal anaesthesia.
Tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methane and tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol disrupt pancreatic organogenesis and gene expression in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Wilson Peyton W. , Cho Christine , Allsing Nicholas , Khanum Saleha , Bose Pria , Grubschmidt Ava , Sant Karilyn E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTris(4‐chlorophenyl) methane (TCPM) and tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH) are anthropogenic environmental contaminants believed to be manufacturing byproducts of the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) due to environmental co‐occurrence. TCPM and TCPMOH are persistent, bioaccumulate in the environment, and are detected in human breast milk and adipose tissues. DDT exposures have been previously shown to disrupt insulin signaling and glucoregulation, increasing risk for diabetes. We have previously shown that embryonic exposures organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls disrupted pancreatic development and early embryonic glucoregulatory networks. Here, we determined the impacts of the similar compounds TCPM and TCPMOH on zebrafish pancreatic growth and gene expression following developmental exposures.MethodsZebrafish embryos were exposed to 50 nM TCPM or TCPMOH beginning at 24 hr postfertilization (hpf) and exposures were refreshed daily. At 96 hpf, pancreatic growth and islet area were directly visualized in Tg(ptf1a::GFP) and Tg(insulin::GFP) embryos, respectively, using microscopy. Gene expression was assessed at 100 hpf with RNA sequencing.ResultsIslet and total pancreas area were reduced by 20.8% and 13% in embryos exposed to 50 nM TCPMOH compared to controls. TCPM did not induce significant morphological changes to the developing pancreas, indicating TCPMOH, but not TCPM, impairs pancreatic development despite similarity in molecular responses. Transcriptomic responses to TCPM and TCPMOH were correlated (R2 = .903), and pathway analysis found downregulation of processes including retinol metabolism, circadian rhythm, and steroid biosynthesis.ConclusionOverall, our data suggest that TCPM and TCPMOH may be hazardous to embryonic growth and development.
A comprehensive and mechanistic review on protective effects of kaempferol against natural and chemical toxins: Role of NF‐κB inhibition and Nrf2 activation
Authors: Hosseini Azar , Alipour Alieh , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Askari Vahid Reza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferent toxins, including chemicals and natural, can be entered from various routes and influence human health. Herbal medicines and their active components can attenuate the toxicity of agents via multiple mechanisms. For example, kaempferol, as a flavonoid, can be found in fruits and vegetables, and has an essential role in improving disorders such as cardiovascular disorders, neurological diseases, cancer, pain, and inflammation situations. The beneficial effects of kaempferol may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, attenuation of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and nuclear factor ĸB (NF‐ĸB) as well as the modulation of apoptosis and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. This flavonoid boasts a wide spectrum of toxin targeting effects in tissue fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress thus shows promising protective effects against natural and chemical toxin induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, lung, and intestinal in the in vitro and in vivo setting. The most remarkable aspect of kaempferol is that it does not focus its efforts on just one organ or one molecular pathway. Although its significance as a treatment option remains questionable and requires more clinical studies, it seems to be a low‐risk therapeutic option. It is crucial to emphasize that kaempferol's poor bioavailability is a significant barrier to its use as a therapeutic option. Nanotechnology can be a promising way to overcome this challenge, reviving optimism in using kaempferol as a viable treatment agent against toxin‐induced disorders.
Fusing surveillance videos and three‐dimensional scene: A mixed reality system
Authors: Cui Xiaoliang , Khan Dawar , He Zhenbang , Cheng Zhanglin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAugmented Virtual Environments (AVE) or Virtual‐Reality Fusion systems fuse dynamic videos with static three‐dimensional (3D) models of a virtual environment to provide an optimal solution for visualizing and understanding multichannel surveillance systems. However, texture distortion caused by viewpoint changes in such systems is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. To minimize texture fusion distortion, this paper presents a novel virtual environment system in two phases, offline and online phases, to dynamically fuse multiple surveillance videos with a virtual 3D scene. In the offline phase, a static virtual environment is obtained by performing a 3D photogrammetric reconstruction from the input images of the scene. In the online phase, the virtual environment is augmented by fusing multiple videos through two optional strategies. One strategy is to dynamically map images of different videos onto a 3D model of the virtual environment, and the other is to extract moving objects and represent them as billboards. The system can be used to visualize a 3D environment from any viewpoint augmented by real‐time videos. Experiments and user studies in different scenarios demonstrate the superiority of our system.
GCK‐MODY in pregnancy: A pregnant woman with diabetes and a small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus
Authors: Yau Tiffany Tse Ling , Yu Stephanie Cheuk Yin , Cheng Jenny Yeuk‐Ki , Kwok Jeffrey Sung Shing , Ma Ronald Ching Wan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlucokinase‐maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (GCK‐MODY) is often misdiagnosed as other forms of diabetes. A 42‐year‐old pregnant lady with pre‐existing diabetes was treated with insulin during first trimester. Fetal growth restriction was noted since mid‐second trimester. Genetic testing suggested the diagnosis of GCK‐MODY.
Primary hydatid cyst in the adductor muscles of thigh: A case report
Authors: Arian Mahnaz , Kazerani Marzieh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydatidosis rarely (2%–3% of all cases) manifests as an intramuscular mass in endemic areas. This 55‐year‐old farmer with an asymptomatic thigh mass from 35 years ago presented with exertional pain in the last 40 days of the disease course. The patient started on albendazole and was cured with surgery.
Katalytischer Zerfall von Wasserstoffperoxid durch Molybdat
Authors: Lüke Dennis , Zell Lukas , Oetken Marco 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Katalyse im Unterricht bleibt der alternative Reaktionsweg, der durch den Katalysator ermöglicht wird und die Ursache der herabgesetzten Aktivierungsenergie ist, meist ungeklärt. Natriummolybdat als Katalysator des Zerfalls von Wasserstoffperoxid ermöglicht nicht nur die visuelle Identifikation verschiedener farbiger Zwischenstufen einer solchen Reaktion, sondern erlaubt auch deren einfache Isolierung und experimentelle Handhabe. Dadurch wird eine gezielte experimentelle Auseinandersetzung mit Zwischenstufen des katalytischen Zerfalls möglich, die verschiedene Peroxomolybdate als Precursor des entstehenden Sauerstoffs identifizieren und so detaillierte Einblicke in mechanistische Aspekte des katalytischen Reaktionsverlaufes greifbar machen.
Gamma Radiation‐Induced Degradation of Acetohydroxamic Acid (AHA) in Aqueous Nitrate and Nitric Acid Solutions Evaluated by Multiscale Modelling
Authors: Conrad Jacy K. , Mezyk Stephen P. , Isherwood Liam H. , Baidak Aliaksandr , Pilgrim Corey D. , Whittaker Daniel , Orr Robin M. , Pimblott Simon M. , Horne Gregory P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcetohydroxamic acid (AHA) has been proposed for inclusion in advanced, single‐cycle, used nuclear fuel reprocessing solvent systems for the reduction and complexation of plutonium and neptunium ions. For this application, a detailed description of the fundamental degradation of AHA in dilute aqueous nitric acid is required. To this end, we present a comprehensive, multiscale computer model for the coupled radiolytic and hydrolytic degradation of AHA in aqueous sodium nitrate and nitric acid solutions. Rate coefficients for the reactions of AHA and hydroxylamine (HA) with the oxidizing nitrate radical were measured for the first time using electron pulse radiolysis and used as inputs for the kinetic model. The computer model results are validated by comparison to experimental data from steady‐state gamma ray irradiations, for which the agreement is excellent. The presented model accurately predicts the yields of the major degradation products of AHA: acetic acid, HA, nitrous oxide, and molecular hydrogen.
Direct Synthesis of Disubstituted 3‐Isoquinolinone Derivatives through the Construction of C−N, C=O, and C(sp2)−C(sp3) Bonds under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Shi Jianyi , Chen Xia , Huang Jingyun , Lu Yantong , Yang Zhendong , Zhong Mingli , Zhu Zhongzhi , Chen Xiuwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe efficient three‐component cascade coupling reaction of 3‐haloisoquinolines, haloalkanes, and sp3‐carbon nucleophiles (acetophenone or nitromethane) led to a series of structurally novel 1,2‐disubstituted‐3‐isoquinolinones through the formation of C(sp3)−C(sp2), C−N, and C=O bonds. The NaOAc‐promoted reaction described in this work is simple to operate, environment friendly, and highly selective.
Comparison of salivary sodium and potassium concentrations measured by handheld ion‐selective electrode meters and an automated biochemical analyser
Authors: Vuletić Lea , Lapić Ivana , Špalj Stjepan , Banek Iva Marolt , Jakovac Domagoj , Šipkar Jasmina , Rogić Dunja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIon‐selective electrode pocket meters available for use with saliva could be a convenient tool to assess how diseases, drugs, exercise or nutrition affect salivary composition. This study compared salivary sodium and potassium concentrations measured by handheld LAQUAtwin meters and a fully‐automated biochemical analyzer. Agreement between two methods was assessed with Passing‐Bablok regression and Bland‐Altman plots. LAQUAtwin meters measured lower values of both analytes and provided repeatable though not accurate results. The meters may serve as an alternative to laboratory methods to gain insight into between‐group differences in electrolyte concentrations, or a concentration change induced by an experimental procedure.
A vector of point processes for modeling interactions between and within species using capture‐recapture data
Authors: Diana Alex , Matechou Eleni , Griffin Jim E. , Jhala Yadvendradev , Qureshi Qamar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCapture‐recapture (CR) data and corresponding models have been used extensively to estimate the size of wildlife populations when detection probability is less than 1. When the locations of traps or cameras used to capture or detect individuals are known, spatially‐explicit CR models are used to infer the spatial pattern of the individual locations and population density. Individual locations, referred to as activity centers (ACs), are defined as the locations around which the individuals move. These ACs are typically assumed to be independent, and their spatial pattern is modeled using homogeneous Poisson processes. However, this assumption is often unrealistic, since individuals can interact with each other, either within a species or between different species. In this article, we consider a vector of point processes from the general class of interaction point processes and develop a model for CR data that can account for interactions, in particular repulsions, between and within multiple species. Interaction point processes present a challenge from an inferential perspective because of the intractability of the normalizing constant of the likelihood function, and hence standard Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures to perform Bayesian inference cannot be applied. Therefore, we adopt an inference procedure based on the Monte Carlo Metropolis Hastings algorithm, which scales well when modeling more than one species. Finally, we adopt an inference method for jointly sampling the latent ACs and the population size based on birth and death processes. This approach also allows us to adaptively tune the proposal distribution of new points, which leads to better mixing especially in the case of non‐uniformly distributed traps. We apply the model to a CR data‐set on leopards and tigers collected at the Corbett Tiger Reserve in India. Our findings suggest that between species repulsion is stronger than within species, while tiger population density is higher than leopard population density at the park.
Understanding challenges associated with plastic and bacterial approach toward plastic degradation
Authors: Sharma Hemlata , Neelam Deepesh K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlastic is widely used in every sector due to its stability, durability, and low cost. The widespread use of plastic results in the compilation of plastic waste in the environment. The buildup of such a vast volume of plastic garbage has emerged as the primary cause of environmental pollution, including air, land, and water pollution. Plastics contain various harmful chemicals and toxic substances that can leak and adversely affect humans and other organisms. Managing this much plastic waste is a very challenging task; therefore, an appropriate technique is needed to address this problem. Various methods are used, such as chemical, physical, and biological, to degrade plastic waste. Bacterial degradation is known to be the most effective technique for the biodegradation approach to overcome this issue. Biodegradation has played a crucial role in removing these polluting wastes more efficiently and eco‐friendly. The process of biodegradation involves a variety of bacteria, such asAcinetobacter baumannii,Bacillus weihenstephanensis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Rhodococcus ruber, and so on. Biodegradation of plastic takes place through various biochemical pathways, including biodeterioration, biofragmentation, assimilation, and mineralization. During biodegradation, bacteria produce enzymes like esterase, cutinase, laccase, lipase, and others that break down and transform plastic polymers into microbial biomass and gases. This review aims to explain how bacteria contribute to the breakdown of plastic.
The association between gut hormones and diet‐induced metabolic flexibility in metabolically healthy adults
Authors: Unlu Yigit , Vinales Karyne L. , Hollstein Tim , Chang Douglas , Cabeza de Baca Tomás , Walter Mary , Krakoff Jonathan , Piaggi Paolo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether interindividual variance in diet‐induced metabolic flexibility is explained by differences in gut hormone concentrations.MethodsA total of 69 healthy volunteers with normal glucose regulation underwent 24‐hour assessments of respiratory quotient (RQ) in a whole‐room indirect calorimeter during eucaloric feeding (EBL; 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat) and then, in a crossover design, during 24‐hour fasting and three normal‐protein (20%) overfeeding diets (200% energy requirements). Metabolic flexibility was defined as the change in 24‐hour RQ from EBL during standard (50% carbohydrate), high‐fat (60%), and high‐carbohydrate (75%) overfeeding diets. Plasma concentrations of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY) after an overnight fast were measured prior to and after each diet.ResultsCompared with EBL, on average, 24‐hour RQ decreased by ~4% during high‐fat overfeeding, whereas it increased by ~4% during standard overfeeding and by ~9% during high‐carbohydrate overfeeding. During high‐carbohydrate overfeeding, but not during any other overfeeding diet or fasting, increased GLP‐1 concentration was associated with increased RQ (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), higher/lower carbohydrate/lipid oxidation rates (r = 0.34 and r = −0.51, both p < 0.01), respectively, and increased plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.38, p = 0.02).ConclusionsIncreased GLP‐1 concentration following high‐carbohydrate overfeeding associated with a greater shift to carbohydrate oxidation, suggesting that GLP‐1 may be implicated in diet‐induced metabolic flexibility to carbohydrate overload.