bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seronegative human T‐cell lymphotropic virus 1 carriers in blood banks: A potential viral source for silent transmission?
Authors: Frutos María C. , Blanco Sebastián , Balangero Marcos , Carrizo Luis Horacio , Santos Rocha Anderson , Figueiredo Barbosa‐Stancioli Edel , Nates Silvia , Gallego Sandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransfusion‐transmitted viruses count among the greatest threats to blood safety. In Argentina, current laws oblige testing all donated blood for the presence of antibodies against human T‐cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV‐1/2). In endemic zones of the country, a high rate of seronegative HTLV‐1 individuals with clear evidence of infection because of symptoms and/or presence of tax sequences of HTLV‐1 and/or IgG anti‐Tax antibodies has been recently described. Migration from endemic to nonendemic zones of Argentina is very frequent.Materials and MethodsDuring a 1‐year period, in the blood bank of Córdoba city, we performed molecular screening of all donors who were born in or arose from endemic zones for HTLV‐1/2 in Argentina and neighbouring countries.ResultsBy screening 219 bp of HTLV‐1/2 tax gene, 0.6% (2/317) of the blood donors proved to be positive for HTLV‐1 tax sequence. One of the donors presented anti‐Tax antibodies, demonstrating the transcriptional activity of the tax gene, and the other donor was also positive for LTR and pol gene sequences. The HTLV‐1 genetic analysis of the LTR sequence determined that it belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype HTLV‐1aA.ConclusionThese findings suggest potential limitations of some currently approved screening assays for HTLV‐1 detection applied in some donor populations and the possibility of an HTLV‐1 seronegative carrier state with the potential for silent transmission by blood.
Enhanced Strength and High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Fabricated by Laser Solid Forming
Authors: Zhang Zhinan , Li Zhen , Pan Shuaihang , Chai Xianghai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Strengthening titanium alloys and mitigating their wear degradation at various temperatures is the key to industrial applications. In this study, high-performance Ti6Al4V alloy (here, Ti with 6.25 wt% Al and 4.17 wt% V) was prepared by laser solid forming (LSF). The phase and microstructure of the Ti6Al4V alloys were systematically examined, and the overall improved mechanical properties were achieved. The coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear of LSFed Ti6Al4V alloy against WC-6%Co cemented carbide using a ball-on-disc tribometer at various temperatures revealed a temperature-dependent wear mechanism. During the experiment, the CoF of LSFed Ti6Al4V would increase initially and then decrease with the increased temperature. This trend is determined by the abrasive wear dominating at a lower temperature, and it gradually changes to oxidative wear and fatigue wear under higher temperatures. LSF provides a promising way to achieve supreme mechanical and tribological properties in Ti6Al4V simultaneously.
A Predictive and Generative Design Approach for Three-Dimensional Mesh Shapes Using Target-Embedding Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Li Xingang , Xie Charles , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a predictive and generative design approach for supporting the conceptual design of product shapes in 3D meshes. We develop a target-embedding variational autoencoder (TEVAE) neural network architecture, which consists of two modules: (1) a training module with two encoders and one decoder (E2D network) and (2) an application module performing the generative design of new 3D shapes and the prediction of a 3D shape from its silhouette. We demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of the proposed approach in the design of 3D car body and mugs. The results show that our approach can generate a large number of novel 3D shapes and successfully predict a 3D shape based on a single silhouette sketch. The resulting 3D shapes are watertight polygon meshes with high-quality surface details, which have better visualization than voxels and point clouds, and are ready for downstream engineering evaluation (e.g., drag coefficient) and prototyping (e.g., 3D printing).
Enhancement of Melting Process Inside Toroidal Tube Heat Exchanger With Different Cross-Sectional Geometries
Authors: Mohaghegh Mohammad Reza , Tasnim Syeda Humaira , Mahmud Shohel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Utilizing phase change material (PCM) in concentric tube and shell-and-tube latent heat exchangers known as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) have been extensively studied due to the high ability and density in storing energy during the melting (charging) process. Inadequate melting in these systems reduces the thermal performance of LHTES systems. To facilitate and accelerate the melting process, the innovative design of such systems is a key. The present study proposes novel designs of toroidal tubes embedded in the LHTES system as a latent heat exchanger. The effect of the cross-sectional geometry of the tube on the thermal performance of the system is investigated through simulation and comparison of different cross-sectional geometric shapes. A mathematical model based on the enthalpy-porosity approach is developed and numerically solved by the finite volume method to simulate the energy transport processes inside the system. Several transient heat transfer characteristics, e.g., thermal filed, melt fraction, Nusselt number, and energy storage during phase change, are determined and compared for all cases to evaluate their thermal performance and find the optimal geometry. The results indicate that downward triangular geometry for the cross-sectional shape of the tube shows the best performance as it significantly enhances the melting process, resulting in a faster energy storage rate during the charging process. Compared with the circular toroidal tube as the base geometry, the downward triangular shape design for the toroidal tube can improve the charging power of the system by 21%.
Experimental Observation of Premixed Methane/Air Flame Propagation in an Obstructed Tube With Increasing Blockage Ratios
Authors: Chen Peng , Sun Ruibang , Li Liyang , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Methane explosion is one of the major hazards in the mechanical industry. In this paper, a series of methane/air premixed combustion experiments were carried out to study the influence of blockage ratio on flame propagation. The blocking ratio (BR) is referred as the cross-sectional area of occlusion divided by the total area. Flame shape and pressure response were measured and analyzed. The results showed that five typical stages were experienced for all configurations except for BR = 0.999, particularly, a diamond-shaped flame and a mushroom-shaped flame front were observed for some lower BRs. The largest length of jet flames was selected to characterize flame–obstacle interaction rose smoothly until BR = 0.9 and then declines rapidly. The flame evolution process was simulated by a power-law flame wrinkling model. Flame behaviors and pressure dynamics for each configuration were investigated, and the maximum flame speed, explosion pressure, and growth rate coincide exactly with the largest length of jet flames in trend. It can be seen that BR was of great significance to flame propagation and BR = 0.9 was a limit or a watershed. In addition, the pressure growth rate was positively correlated with the flame tip speed.
Advanced Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Hydrogen-Powered Heavy Haul Locomotive
Authors: Spiryagin Maksym , Szanto Frank , Oldknow Kevin , Wolfs Peter , Spiryagin Valentyn , Ahmad Sanjar , Wu Qing , Bernal Esteban , Cole Colin , Mcsweeney Tim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there have been significant activities in the development of hybrid, battery electric and alternative fuel (e.g., LPG, LNG, CNG) locomotives. However, to date there is a limited number of publications on the usage of such modelling and simulation approaches for hydrogen-powered rail vehicles, and almost no publications on hydrogen-powered heavy haul locomotives. A conceptual heavy haul hydrogen-powered locomotive has been designed and studied with the application of advanced simulation techniques used in recent locomotive/train/track damage studies. The detailed locomotive model includes multibody subsystems for the mechanical system of the locomotive and a traction power system implemented in the Matlab/Simulink software package. The traction performance evaluation has been performed through the delivery of traction effort characteristics of the proposed locomotive through co-simulation between multibody software and Matlab/Simulink and the evaluation of locomotive traction performance in a train configuration where the developed hydrogen-powered locomotive has been placed in a head-end locomotive consist for hauling a heavy haul train. The paper presents a summary of the simulation results, and detailed discussion of the limitations that have been identified in the approach.
Fiber Optic System to Extend the Measuring Frequency Range of Pantograph Contact Force
Authors: Calvanese Luigi , Carnevale Marco , Facchinetti Alan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pantograph-Catenary interaction constitutes the fundamental sliding mechanism able to feed the train engine with the electrical power necessary to its motion. To maintain this mechanical coupling in well-functioning conditions, it is valuable to have a good and specific monitoring system able to evaluate the contact force magnitude and position. Systems available nowadays for this purpose are characterized by a limit to the measuring frequency range up to 20 Hz due to a rigid collector assumption. The objective of this paper is the definition of an alternative method for contact force estimation able to extend the measuring frequency range. The solution found consider fiber Bragg gratings strain optical sensors placed along the pantograph collector. The developing of the system is presented starting from the optical setup. The results obtained adopting two different data treatments strategies are analyzed and commented.
Crustal growth/reworking and stabilization of the western Superior Province: Insights from a Neoarchean gneiss complex of the Winnipeg River terrane
Authors: Ma Chong , Marsh Jeffrey , Lodge Robert W.D. , Sherlock Ross 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong-term stability of the continental lithosphere is attained through a cumulative increase in net buoyancy and rigidity due to progressive compositional differentiation (i.e., cratonization). As stable cratons provided the nucleus for the subsequent accretionary growth and tectono-magmatic reworking that produced modern continental crust, the geodynamic processes that facilitated the stabilization of cratons are critical for understanding the evolution of Earth’s lithosphere. This study uses a portion of the Winnipeg River terrane, one of the oldest terranes of the western Superior Province, as a natural laboratory to investigate Archean crustal growth (partial melting of mantle) and reworking (partial melting of crust) and provides insights into the geodynamic processes driving mantle depletion and crustal remelting. Zircon U-Pb data obtained by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) from an extensive Winnipeg River terrane gneiss complex reveal six major magmatic events at ca. 3060 Ma, 2930–2920 Ma, ca. 2910 Ma, 2830–2800 Ma, 2735–2730 Ma, and ca. 2700 Ma and regional metamorphism at ca. 2900 Ma. Whole-rock geochemistry and zircon Lu-Hf and trace element data indicate that (1) the magmatism at ca. 3060 Ma and ca. 2930–2920 Ma represents reworking of the isotopically evolved components of the incipient Winnipeg River terrane at shallow depths, (2) the ca. 2910 Ma magmatism features a step-change of Hf isotopic compositions from subchondritic to suprachondritic and records the formation of new juvenile magmas and the first reworking of existing juvenile crust, and (3) the magmatism after ca. 2830 Ma largely reflects reworking of the juvenile components of the incipient Winnipeg River terrane at medium to shallow depths prior to the ca. 2700 Ma trans-crustal magmatism associated with the convergence of the Winnipeg River terrane and western Wabigoon terrane. Juvenile magmatism and crustal growth in the Winnipeg River terrane at ca. 2910 Ma are inferred to correspond with significant mantle depletion below the Winnipeg River terrane, which led to a more stable lithospheric mantle in this part of the western Superior Province. Zircon trace element data support a mantle upwelling model rather than lithosphere recycling models for the depletion of mantle at ca. 2910 Ma. This study suggests that crustal growth and mantle depletion bracketed by prolonged, episodic crustal reworking may be a fundamental characteristic of the cratonization process.
Remote versus face-to-face home-based exercise programme in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Souza Aline Alves de , Silva Stephano Tomaz da , Pondofe Karen de Medeiros , Resqueti Vanessa Regiane , Melo Luciana Protásio de , Valentim Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros , Ribeiro Tatiana Souza 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with variable and complex clinical manifestations that requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, face-to-face treatment in this population may experience barriers, such as difficulty accessing physical therapists or other professionals. As a result, strategies (eg, telerehabilitation) emerged to facilitate treatment and physical therapy monitoring. This study aims to evaluate the effects of remote versus face-to-face home-based exercise programmes on clinical outcomes and treatment adherence of people with ALS.Methods and analysisThis is a single-blind randomised clinical trial protocol that will include 44 people with clinical diagnosis of ALS at any clinical stage and aged between 18 and 80 years. Participants will be randomised into two groups after face-to-face evaluation and perform a home-based exercise programme three times a week for 6 months. A physical therapist will monitor the exercise programme once a week remotely (phone calls—experimental group) or face-to-face (home visits—control group). The primary outcome measure will be functional capacity (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised). Secondary outcomes will include disease severity (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Severity Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), pain (Visual Analogue Scale and body pain diagram), adverse events and adherence rate. Outcomes will be initially evaluated face-to-face and revaluated remotely every 2 months and 1 month after interventions. Linear mixed models will compare outcome measures between groups and evaluations (α=5%).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the research ethics committee of Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (no. 3735479). We expect to identify the effects of an exercise programme developed according to ALS stages and associated with remote or face-to-face monitoring on clinical outcomes using revaluations and follow-up after interventions.Trial registration numberBrazilian Registry Clinical Trials (RBR-10z9pgfv).
Risk factors for fear of falling in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Qi , Pei Juhong , Gou Ling , Zhang Yabin , Zhong Juanping , Su Yujie , Wang Xinglei , Ma Li , Dou Xinman 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveEven though 32%–83% for fear of falling (FoF) in patients with stroke, very little is known about the predictors of the problems. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature on risk factors for FoF in patients with stroke.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysisData sourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library database, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Grey literature and other relevant databases for related publications were searched (from inception to 17 July 2021).ResultsEight studies involving 1597 participants were selected to analyse risk factors for patients with stroke with FoF. The quality of all included studies was assessed and categorised as medium or high quality. Review Manager V.5.3 merged the OR value and 95% CI of the potential risk factors. Meta-regression and Egger’s test were performed by Stata V.15.1. The risk factors for FoF in patients with stroke were women (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.09), impaired balance ability (OR=5.54; 95% CI 3.48 to 8.81), lower mobility (OR=1.12; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.19), history of falls (OR=2.33; 95% CI 1.54 to 3.53) and walking aid (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.37 to 2.88), anxiety (OR=2.29; 95% CI 1.43 to 3.67), depression (OR=1.80; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.67), poor lower limb motor function (OR=1.14; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.29) and physically inactiveness (OR=2.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 4.12). Measurement of heterogeneity between studies was high for all outcomes (I2=0%–93%), indicating that the substantial interstudy heterogeneity in estimated proportions was not attributed to the sampling error. Sensitivity analysis (leave-one-out method) showed that the pooled estimate was stable.ConclusionThis meta-analysis indicated that female population, impaired balance ability, lower mobility, history of falls and walking aid in patients with stroke might be at greater risk for FoF. Future studies are recommended to determine other risk factors specific to patients with stroke.
Mapping outcomes for recovery of consciousness in studies from 1986 to 2020: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Weaver Jennifer , Cogan Alison , Bhandari Parie , Awan Bint-e Zainab , Jacobs Erica , Pape Ariana , Nguyen Chantal , Guernon Ann , Harrod Tom ,   The Recovery of Consciousness (RECON) Team, Bender Pape Theresa , Mallinson Trudy 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionHistorically, heterogeneous outcome assessments have been used to measure recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI), making it difficult to compare across studies. To date, however, there is no comprehensive review of clinical outcome assessments that are used in intervention studies of adults with DoC. The objective of this scoping review is to develop a comprehensive inventory of clinical outcome assessments for recovery of consciousness that have been used in clinical studies of adults with DoC following TBI.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework for this review is: (1) identify the research questions, (2) identify relevant studies, (3) select studies, (4) chart the data, (5) collate, summarise and report results and (6) consult stakeholders to drive knowledge translation. We will identify relevant studies by searching the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library (including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Methodology Register). Criteria for article inclusion are published in the English-language, peer-reviewed studies of interventions aimed at facilitating recovery of consciousness among adults (> 18 years) with DoC following a severe TBI, published from January 1986 to December 2020. Articles meeting inclusion criteria at this stage will undergo a full text review. We will chart the data by applying the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework to identify the content areas of clinical outcome assessments. To support knowledge translation efforts, we will involve clinicians and researchers experienced in TBI care throughout the project from conceptualisation of the study through dissemination of results.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this study as it is not determined to be human subjects research. Results will be presented at national conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberCRD42017058383.
Protocol for EXICODE: the EXIstential health COhort DEnmark—a register and survey study of adult Danes
Authors: Stripp Tobias Kvist , Wehberg Sonja , Büssing Arndt , Andersen-Ranberg Karen , Jensen Lars Henrik , Henriksen Finn , Laursen Christian B , Søndergaard Jens , Hvidt Niels Christian 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionWe established the EXIstential health COhort DEnmark (EXICODE) to examine how existential and spiritual needs, practices and orientations in a secular culture are linked to health outcomes, illness trajectory and overall cost of care in patients. Substantial literature demonstrates that existential and spiritual well-being has positive effects on health. While people turn to existential and spiritual orientations and practices during ageing, struggle with illness and approaching death, patients with severe illnesses like, for example, cancer similarly experience existential and spiritual needs. These needs are often unmet in secular societies leading to spiritual pain, unnecessary suffering, worse quality of life and higher medical costs of care.Methods and analysisEXICODE is a national cohort comprising a 10% random sample of the adult Danish population with individual-level register and survey data. Specific patient subgroups are oversampled to ensure diseased respondents. The questionnaire used in the survey consists of a collection of validated instruments on existential and spiritual constructs suited for secular culture as well as some ad hoc questions compiled in the comprehensive EXICODE Questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationThe project is registered for legal and GDPR concerns by the University of Southern Denmark, journal number: 10.367. Ethical approval was not required by Danish law since EXICODE collects only interview, survey and register data, but due to institutional best-practice policy an ethical evaluation and approval were nevertheless obtained from the University of Southern Denmark Research Ethics Committee (institutional review board), journal number: 20/39546. The project follows The Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and is carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results will be disseminated widely through publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals, international conferences, patient societies as well as mass and social media.