bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary HPTLC fingerprint study of Madhuka Indica –An Immune Enhancer
Authors: Thankachan Jibi varghese , Deshpande Vaishali , Toshikhane Hemanth , Y Niranajan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract – Ayurveda is now accepted as a global medical science. The world is shifting to herbal remedies which is considered to be safe and effective. But the quality maintenance of these herbal medicines is a difficult task which hinders the globalization of Ayurvedic drugs
and thus it’s a need to use suitable techniques to maintain relevant standards. Standardization is very much important for the reproducibility of the efficacy and safety of any drug which is brought to the counter as medicine for sale. Madhuka (1)has been mentioned in classical texts as brimhana, shukrakruta , veerya pushtivardhana, dahahara, shramahara, vatapittavinasham, bhutadi jantudoshagna ,kshatkshayharam etc. This article aims to explore the qualities of Madhuka pushpa, its phytochemical parameters with HPTLC and the preliminary standardization of preparing madhuka pushpa vati for its use as an immune enhancer
Readability and Suitability Assessment of university students Educational Materials in Preventing Smoking
Authors: Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed , Abdollahi Salime Zare , Lotfi Mohammad Hasan , Yassini Ardakani Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: January 2022

Background: Educational materials are frequently used by health care providers to inform university students and young people about smoking and the health risks of smoking. However, little attention has been paid to the readability and suitability of these educational materials. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the readability and suitability of educational materials in preventing smoking for university students. Methods: Multiple instructional materials and books were used for the design and preparation of educational materials and were then tailored to the target group. Readability was measured by using the readability assessment of materials (RAM); and suitability was determined by the suitability assessment of materials (SAM) that considers characteristics such as content, graphics, layout/topography, and cultural appropriateness. Twenty reviewers, including 15 students and 5 health specialists scored the educational materials. Results: The mean readability score _ standard deviation(SD) of the educational materials was 8±1.6, 9±1.5 and 10±1.7, for the booklet, the pamphlet of the skill of saying no, smoking pamphlet and quitting it , respectively, which were increased to 15±1.4, 16 ±1.7and 17±0.8, after tailoring the content. The average SAM scores before and after tailoring the content were 45% for the booklet, which was increased to 88% and 75% for the pamphlet of the skill of saying no, which was increased to 93% and 79%for the smoking pamphlet and quitting it ,which was increased to 95%.The increase in all scores was significant (p< 0.01).The final tailored educational material was rated “superior media” on the SAM ratings. Conclusions: Given that most of the printed materials are suitable for people with higher education levels, health providers are strongly advised to prepare simple and understandable education materials that may increase the likelihood of consumer perception and recall.
Enormity of iron deficiency anaemia and haematological indices in Primary and secondary school going children in central rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Patil Aboli , Meti Rajanish , C R Swapnil , Parappagoudra Mahesh , Kumar Parikshit 
Published: January 2022

Anemia is one of the associated and underlying health conditions observed in large number of school going children of rural India. National Family Health Survey (NHFS) data published by Government of Indiaindicates increased prevalence ofanaemia in children of rural India. In the present study, children of government school of the Waghodia tehsil, Vadodara district Gujarat were surveyed. A cross sectional study was conducted to survey 500 children of either genderaccording to WHO gradation as normal range (12.6 ± 0.54 gm/dl); mild anemia (11.01 ± 0.58gm/dl) and moderate anemia(9.11 ± 0.3gm/dl).Observations indicated that, 20.6%, 74.8% and 4.6%children were in normal or above normal range, mild anemia and moderate anemia respectively. Overall79.4% of children have anemia. It reveals the escalating magnitude of prevalence of IDA in rural Gujarat. Prevalence is more in 9-11 age group (56%). Gender wise distribution shows mild and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 377 male children; whereas mild anemia and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 123 female children. In nutshell, prevalence of anemia is prominent in children of age group in different rural parts of Gujarat.
Excess consumption of Lavana Rasa (Salty taste) – A cause of Amlapitta (Hyperacidity)
Authors: Mrudula Vinayak Joshi , Hemangi Vasudeo Shendye , Nilima Bhole , Vinayak Joshi 
Published: January 2022

Amlapitta (Hyperacidity) is one of the ever growing diseases observed in society. Intake of salt in excess can lead into Amlapitta due to its Vidahi and Agneya property. Foods like cheese, chips, sauces, buttermilk, etc. contains variety of salts including common salt. The disease Amlapitta/ Amlika can be interpreted as Hyperacidity; is not separately described in Samhita, but mentioned as Lakshana (symptom) of Atiyoga (excessive intake) of Lavana Rasa. Hence an observational study was designed. Aim: To examine whether Atiyoga of Lavana Rasa (common salt) can be a Hetu (causative factor) of Amlapitta. Methodology: Study included 100 identified patients of Amlapitta; both males and females from the age group of 20-60 years suffering from Amlodgar (sour blenching) as the predominant symptom. A structured, pilot tested 6 item questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive data was analyzed using number and percentage. Results: Maximum patients were from 20-29 years age group; with Kapha-Pittaja Prakruti (77.78 %) and Pitta-Kaphaja Prakruti (68.75%) who used to consume Lavana rasa in variety of type and in excess quantity. Family history of the disease Amlapitta showed maximum % in female patients as 31.03% whereas only 4.76% males suffered from the disease. Liking towards Lavana, Katu and Amla rasa in population was found to be 36%, 28%, 16% respectively. In causative factors of Amlapitta, Lavana Rasadhikya was noted in 62 patients whereas Vidahi Anna followed by spicy food and oily food was found in 60, 58, 56 number of patients respectively. Conclusion: From the study, it is observed that there is proneness of Amlapitta mostly in age group 20-29 years having liking towards salty, spicy and Katu Rasa. Maximum (58) female patients, with 31.03% who had family history of Amlapitta and 77.78% patients found to have Kapha-Pitta dominent Prakruti which indicate towards importance of Prakriti and family history of an individual in disease manifestation.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonate Rocks for Lime Industry in Ban Pong, Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand
Authors: Phajuy Burapha , Singtuen Vimoltip 
Published: January 2022

One of the oldest lime manufactures in Chiang Mai Province is located in a hillside village, Ban Pong, Hang Dong District, the western part of Chiang Mai City. Villagers still have conserved traditional production methods using wood-fired kilns and the primary material selection, an Ordovician marble. There are 2 massive amounts of carbonate rocks distributed in Chiang Mai Province; Permian limestone and Ordovician marble. However, the Ordovician carbonate rocks in Ban Pong were selected to produce high-quality lime by their primitive method (man-made) for a long time. Petrographical studies suggest that the Ordovician rock samples show a granoblastic texture with a slightly foliation represents by mica flakes. They are made up mainly of calcite, with very small amounts of quartz, muscovite, talc, and opaque minerals that can be identified as marble. The mineral compositions are according to the value of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Fe2O3 in whole-rock analysis by XRF. The geochemical data suggest that marble in the Ban Pong area has a high CaO ratio and contains small amounts of muscovite, quartz, talc, and opaque minerals that may reduce the decomposition temperature during the calcination process. The Ordovician marble in Ban Pong is an appropriate raw material for traditional lime manufacture to saving energy in the production system.
HIGHLIGHTS

Limestone has been a geologic material in the lime industry from the past to the presence of human society
Villagers in Ban Pong (Chiang Mai Province, Thailand) selected the western Ordovician limestone mountains to produce lime by a primitive process instead of the eastern Permian limestone mountains
The mineral- and chemical compositions of the Ordovician limestones were intensively analyzed to characterize the suitable raw materials for a primitive lime kiln
The mineral composition indicated that the Ordovician limestone in this area is metamorphosed into an impure fine-grained marble

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Potential of Moringa Oleifera Seed as a Natural Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wagh Manoj Pandurang , Aher Yashwant , Mandalik Anit 
Published: January 2022

The present study deals with the appropriateness of the coagulation process using natural coagulant Moringa oleifera seed. Natural coagulants are useful for the treatment of wastewater because of its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity and lesser quantity of sludge formation. M. oleifera seed having a chemical composition of polypeptides having 6 amino acids like arginine acid, methionine acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine. M. oleifera is also known as a cationic polyelectrolyte and having molecular weight 6,000 to16,000 Dalton. The main objective of research work is the application of the M. oleifera seed as a natural adsorbent to treat synthetic dairy wastewater. The effects of pH, agitation time, the dose of sorbent and efficacy of M. oleifera seeds kernel for turbidity removal was assessed. M. oleifera seed eliminates turbidity 95 % and colour 94 % using 0.22 gm pod powder, and 0.2 L of 1.0 g/L synthetic dairy wastewater. Naturally dried M. oleifera seeds remove turbidity 95 %, sundried seeds remove turbidity 52 % and oven-dried seeds 45 %. As naturally dried M. oleifera pod having more surface area for adsorption and inter-particulate bridging which extract the extra active ingredients. pH range between 5 and 8 is more suitable to degrade the turbidity and colour. It is concluded that in the presence of an aqueous soluble cationic coagulant protein has great potential to remove the turbidity and colour of wastewater.
HIGHLIGHTS

oleifera seed having a chemical composition of polypeptides having 6 amino acids like arginine acid, methionine acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine
oleifera seeds consist of crude fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. It also contains amino functional groups (R-NH3), carboxyl group (C=O), and fiber carbonaceous. The functional group present in M. oleifera seeds is dissociated during the adsorption process at various pH
oleifera has good property of coagulation-flocculation (C-F)
The effectiveness of naturally dried seed kernel is more effective than other seed kernels

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
On Degree Based Topological Indices of TiO2 Crystal via M-Polynomial
Authors: Baishya Tapan Kumar , Bora Bijit , Chetri Pawan , Gogoi Upashana 
Published: January 2022

Topological indices (TI) (descriptors) of a molecular graph are very much useful to study various physiochemical properties. It is also used to develop the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) of the corresponding chemical compound. Various techniques have been developed to calculate the TI of a graph. Recently a technique of calculating degree-based TI from M-polynomial has been introduced. We have evaluated various topological descriptors for 3-dimensional TiO2 crystals using M-polynomial. These descriptors are constructed such that it contains 3 variables (m, n and t) each corresponding to a particular direction. These 3 variables facilitate us to deeply understand the growth of TiO2 in 1 dimension (1D), 2 dimensions (2D), and 3 dimensions (3D) respectively.
HIGHLIGHTS

Calculated degree based Topological indices of a 3D crystal from M-polynomial
A relation among various Topological indices is established geometrically
Variations of Topological Indices along three dimensions (directions) are shown geometrically
Harmonic index approximates the degree variation of oxygen atom
Electronic Load Controller based on Dimmer Circuit and Stepper Motor for 5 kW Micro-Hydro Power Plant
Authors: Hafid Abdul , Faharuddin Andi , Rajab Abdul 
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of research on a new schematic generator load controller simulation, namely an electronic load controller based on a dimmer circuit and a stepper motor for a small-scale 5 kW micro-hydro. The load controller is built from a dimmer circuit and a stepper motor with program control using Matlab software, and the PPI 8255 interface device. Using a dimmer circuit built from diac, triac, a variable resistor (pot), and capacitor components. As well as using a 28BYJ-48 stepper motor. Simulation is made to determine the performance of the load controller in controlling the distribution of power to the ballast load when the generator supplies power to consumers less than the full load of the generator. By using the simulation data of 45 variations of the consumer load sample, the result is that there are only 4 samples where the load controller is not working well. For the 4 samples, the generator was loaded beyond its full load tolerance limit (full load tolerance of 5kW ± 5 %). Overall, based on the simulation results, it can be said that the generator load controllers tested in this study have good performance.
HIGHLIGHTS

Methods and power electronic configurations used in electronic load controllers for micro-hydropower plants from 1980 until now. In the future, the use of low-power micro hydro and pico hydro power plants is also in great demand, especially for rural areas
The utilization of micro-hydro in Indonesia, especially low-power micro-hydro, has been utilized by the community in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. A 5 kW generator has been operated in Katimbang Village, Borong Rappoa District, Kindang Regency, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province to distribute electrical energy to 15 households
This research proposes a new electronic load control scheme for a simple and inexpensive 5 kW micro-hydro power plant, namely a dimmer circuit and stepper motor-based generator load controller. With the consideration that the main components that make up this controller are not expensive

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
INSECT TOPIC IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: CONTENT AND IDEAS FOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė Rita 
Published: January 2022

Currently more attention is paid to natural science education in Lithuania. It is being encouraged to learn in green environment, diverse learning environments are established, however, it is also necessary to enhance teacher natural science literacy, to orientate education process into deeper learning. This article discusses, how to realise insect topic in primary school. French experience is also used for this.
Use of insects for teaching purposes can be very beneficial, because students can perform long term observations and experience a lot. They:
1)	observe insect development and analyse different stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult; stage length; death and what were the causes of it; environmental conditions: humidity, light, temperature, food, behaviour and so on);
2)	develop critical thinking: look for the answers to emerging questions, compare and collate, find similarities and differences, solve emerging problems;
3)	develop positive attitudes regarding nature, overcome fear and prejudice (an insect cannot be another animal, isn’t it, therefore it is more important to understand what makes insect so interesting and significant).
Insect topic, as any other, can be interesting, useful for students getting to know animate nature, if it is directed towards students’ knowledge and understanding, ability, critical thinking and value attitude education.
Teacher, undertaking educational or project activity about insects has to seriously prepare, think out in advance, what part of activity is going to take place in natural environment and what in the classroom, what educational spaces are going to be created or exploited, to read a lot on that topic, to prepare students’ activity sheets.
Keywords: animate nature, project activity, primary school, science education.
EDUCATIONAL SUBJECT INTEGRATION POSSIBILITIES WHILE CONDUCTING PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONSIN PRIMARY SCHOOL CLASSES: “CAPPED MUSHROOM VARIETY AND CHANGE OBSERVATIONS IN VISAGINAS CITY”
Authors: Saviciene Danguole 
Published: January 2022

We are participating in the projects by environmentalist schools for few years now and conducting phenological observations. For the past year and the half, together with the students, we performed a practical work – the observation of capped mushroom variety and change in Visaginas city. We created an educational film based on our practical work “Capped mushroom variety and change observations in Visaginas city”.
Observation goal: To observe the capped mushrooms in the chosen area, to fixate (photograph) their species, to fill the weather calendar.
The hypothesis is: the mushroom abundance and variety is determined by weather temperature and humidity.
The duration of the observation:
•	2016 September, 2017 April, May and September.
The course of observation:
•	We chose the observation area and measured it by square meters;
•	Every day we observed and fixated growing capped mushrooms in the chosen area (we used
smart phones);
•	We learned to indicate the varieties of the capped mushrooms;
•	We sorted out the trees under which the mushrooms were growing;
•	We learned to identify the trees and bushes by their leaves (we organized a contest-game
“Find your tree or bush” in the class and in the observation area);
•	The weather calendar was filled;
•	We visited Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant’s laboratory of observation and radiology;
•	We analysed the results of the observation and concluded the results;
•	We participated in the environmentalist camp;
The results of the observation:
•	The chosen observation area’s size is 168 m2
•	There were 11 tree and bush varieties in the observation area;
•	We identified 26 capped mushroom varieties;
•	The educational leafs were prepared in order to identify trees, bushes and mushrooms;
•	The educational game “Identify the Mushroom!” was created;
•	It was concluded, that mushrooms growing in Visaginas are not radioactive;
The interesting fact is, that on 2017 September (compared to the last year’s September), new varieties of the mushroom were found. Such finding lets to conclude the hypothesis, that weather temperature and humidity determines the variety and abundance of mushrooms. The weather observation calendar logs verify, that 2017 September weather was warm and humid. That led to favourable conditions for a more varied variety of mushrooms and populated area sizes.
The teaching of the subject of world cognition is strengthened by the integration of other subjects like: mathematics, Lithuanian language, arts and technologies, human safety.
Keywords: subject integration, capped mushrooms, phenological observations, practical work.
Политическая активность региональной молодежи
Authors: Хашаева Светлана Владимировна , Ковальчук Ольга Викторовна , Дагаев Рашид Рамазанович 
Published: January 2022

Молодежь как социально-демографическая группа является важным общественным ресурсом, она в скором будущем будет определять механизмы управления обществом, развивать и направлять как внутреннюю, так и внешнюю политику государства. Но эксперты отмечают низкий уровень доверия молодежи к государственным институтам, а также низкий уровень вовлеченности молодежи в политическую жизнь. Знание уровня готовности региональной молодежи к участию в политике, выявление факторов и условий низкой политической активности молодых людей в регионе необходимо для разработки региональной стратегии повышения политической активности молодежи. Именно это и определило проведение авторами прикладного социологического исследования путем анкетирования, в котором приняли участие 514 человек. В результате исследования было выявлено, что молодежь не относит политику к приоритетам своих интересов, интерес к политике носит скорее ситуационный характер, нежели постоянный, хотя молодые люди зачастую готовы заявить о своих интересах, так как обладают высоким уровнем профессиональной и личностной культурой. К важным факторам и условиям низкой политической активности молодых можно отнести низкий уровень доверия к политическим элитам, при этом высок уровень готовности к участию в политической жизни региона. Это необходимо учитывать при разработке региональных программ повышения политической активности молодежи.

БлагодарностиИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и ЭИСИ в рамках научного проекта № 21-011-31728 «Политическое мышление молодежи в российском пространстве политического выбора и самоидентификации».
Конфессиональный фактор в развитии экологической культуры в современном обществе
Authors: Волохова Елена Викторовна , Попов Евгений Сергеевич , Воденко Константин Викторович 
Published: January 2022

Взлеты экологизма и утверждение концепции «зеленого» общества и зеленой экономики являются, согласно позиции авторов, состоянием постсекулярного общества, в котором конфессиональность воспринимается как культурно-историческая традиция, связанная с прошлым, эпохой потребительского по отношению к природе сознания. В данном контексте авторы последовательно исследуют конфигурации конфессионального фактора и экологического сознания в России и Европе. Сделан вывод о том, что европейское экологическое сознание нонконфессионально и в будущем обречено на поражение по сравнению с исламским фактором. В России отношение к экологическому сознанию определяется альянсированием государства и традиционных конфессий, что создает коридор возможностей в рамках конфессионального фактора создавать самостоятельные и комплиментарные модели экологического сознания и экологической политики.
قاعدة العموم و الخصوص و تطبيقاتها في تفسير الإمام الطبري
Authors: محمد سليمان حيدر 
Published: January 2022

is one of the intentions of Sharia’, through which the Sharia Laws and legal constructions are shown in directing the Qura’nic text, where it is expressed in the general rule, then later comes what limits it concerning the “Private” and “the public”, which comes from the textual proofs aspects and the consensus proofs and the moral proofs.

The research is an explanation for a great Imam of the Interpretation Savants in takling the subject: “The private” and “the public” in Holy Qura’n.

His view was clear in this research in taking the verses of Holy Qura’n in the general sense, regardless to the private sense specifying that the Holy Qura’n is the Sharia’ of the Seal Message which comprises .all recents and recent developments in the course of time.

Moreover the research explains an important side from the sides of inimitability of Holy Qura’n in legislation, language and comprehensiveness