bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations of cosmic ray feedback in disc galaxies
Authors: Farcy Marion , Rosdahl Joakim , Dubois Yohan , Blaizot Jérémy , Martin-Alvarez Sergio 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmic rays (CRs) are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution. We study their effect when coupled to other important sources of feedback, namely supernovae (SNe) and stellar radiation, by including CR anisotropic diffusion and radiative losses but neglecting CR streaming. Using the ramses-rt code, we perform the first radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations of isolated disc galaxies with and without CRs. We study galaxies embedded in dark matter haloes of 1010, 1011, and $10^{12}\, \rm M_{\odot }$ with a maximum resolution of $9 \, \rm pc$. We find that CRs reduce the star formation (SF) rate in our two dwarf galaxies by a factor of 2, with decreasing efficiency with increasing galaxy mass. They increase significantly the outflow mass loading factor in all our galaxies and make the outflows colder. We study the impact of the CR diffusion coefficient, exploring values from κ = 1027 to $\rm 3\times 10^{29}\, cm^2\, s^{-1}$. With a lower κ, CRs remain confined for longer on small scales and are consequently efficient in suppressing SF, whereas a higher diffusion coefficient reduces the effect on SF and increases the generation of cold outflows. Finally, we compare CR feedback to a calibrated ’strong’ SN feedback model known to sufficiently regulate SF in high-redshift cosmological simulations. We find that CR feedback is not sufficiently strong to replace this strong SN feedback. As they tend to smooth out the ISM and fill it with denser gas, CRs also lower the escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons from galaxies.
The young Galactic cluster NGC 225: binary stars’ content and total mass estimate
Authors: Yalyalieva L , Carraro G , Glushkova E , Munari U , Ochner P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Galactic star clusters are known to harbour a significant amount of binary stars, yet their role in the dynamical evolution of the cluster as a whole is not comprehensively understood. We investigated the influence of binary stars on the total mass estimate for the case of the moderately populated Galactic star cluster NGC 225. The analysis of multi-epoch radial velocities of the 29 brightest cluster members, obtained over two observational campaigns, in 1990-1991 and in 2019-2020, yields a value of binary fraction of α = 0.52 (15 stars out of 29). Using theoretical isochrones and Monte Carlo simulations we found that the cluster mass increases at least 1.23 times when binaries are properly taken into account. By combining Gaia EDR3 photometric data with our spectroscopic observations, we derived estimates of NGC 225 fundamental parameters foras follows: mean radial velocity &lt;Vr &gt; = − 9.8 ± 0.7 km s−1, log (τ)=8.0-8.2 dex, distance D = 676 ± 22 pc, and colour excess E(B − V) = 0.29 ± 0.01 mag.
Constraining variability of coupling constants with bright and extreme quasars
Authors: Gupta Rajendra P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ‘extreme Population A (xA) quasars’ approaching, sometimes exceeding the Eddington limit, are a type of quasars that could serve as standard candles to measure distances too large for supernovae type Ia (SNe Ia) to be observable. For using xA quasars as standard candles, it would be beneficial to know how their luminosities would vary if coupling constants varied over cosmic time. Alternatively, when calibrated using SN Ia standard candle, xA quasar observations could constrain the variation of coupling constants. We show that the Hubble diagram of xA quasars provides the same constraint on the constants’ variation as the Hubble diagram of SNe Ia from the Pantheon data. The coupling constants vary concurrently in our model, i.e., the variation of the speed of light c, the gravitational constant G, the Planck constant h, and the Boltzmann constant k, are interrelated as $G \sim {c^3}\sim {h^3}\sim {k^{3/2}}$. The constraint thus determined can be expressed in terms of the Hubble constant ${H_0}$ as ${( {\dot G/G} )_0} = \,\,3\,\,{( {\dot c/c} )_0} = \,\,3\,\,{( {\dot h/h} )_0} = 3/2\,\,\,\,{( {\dot k/k} )_0} = \,\,5.4\,\,{H_0} = \,\,3.90( { \pm 0.04} ) \times {10^{ - 10}}\,\,{\rm{y}}{{\rm{r}}^{ - 1}}$, where subscript 0 is for the current time. This conclusion is corroborated with the analysis of data on the quasars with correlated UV and X-ray emissions.
Cosmological forecasts with the clustering of weak lensing peaks
Authors: Davies Christopher T , Cautun Marius , Giblin Benjamin , Li Baojiu , Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Cai Yan-Chuan 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Maximizing the information that can be extracted from weak lensing (WL) measurements is a key goal for upcoming stage IV surveys. This is typically achieved through statistics that are complementary to the cosmic shear two-point correlation function, the most well established of which is the WL peak abundance. In this work, we study the clustering of WL peaks, and present parameter constraint forecasts for an lsst-like survey. We use the cosmo-SLICS wCDM simulations to measure the peak two-point correlation function for a range of cosmological parameters, and use the simulation data to train a Gaussian process regression emulator that is applied to generate likelihood contours and provide parameter constraint forecasts from mock observations. We investigate the dependence of the peak two-point correlation function on the peak height, and find that the clustering of low-amplitude peaks is complementary to that of high-amplitude peaks. Consequently, their combination gives significantly tighter constraints than the clustering of high peaks alone. The peak two-point correlation function is significantly more sensitive to the cosmological parameters h and w0 than the peak abundance, and when the probes are combined, constraints on Ωm, S8, h, and w0 improve by at least a factor of 2, relative to the peak abundance alone. Finally, we compare the forecasts for WL peaks and voids, and show that the two are also complementary; both probes can offer better constraints on S8 and w0 than the shear correlation function by roughly a factor of 2.
Bombesin receptor-activated protein exacerbates cisplatin-induced AKI by regulating the degradation of SIRT2
Authors: Peng Liang , Liu Di , Liu Haiyang , Xia Ming , Wan Lili , Li Mei , Zhao Junyong , Tang Chengyuan , Chen Guochun , Qu Xiangpin , Dong Zheng , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health problem with no specific therapies in the clinic and the underlying pathogenesis of AKI remains obscure. Bombesin receptor-activated protein (BRAP, C6ORF89 protein) was initially discovered as a ligand for a previously orphan G-protein-coupled receptor bombesin-like receptor-3. At present, accepted biological effects of BRAP include cell cycle progression, wound repair and the activation of histone deacetylases. However, its role in kidney disease is unknown. In this study we have investigated the role of BRAP and underlying mechanisms involved in cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI.

Methods
Here we used Bc004004 (homologous of C6ORF89 in mice) knockout mice and HK2 cells to investigate the effect of BRAP on AKI in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data to search for the upstream regulators of BRAP and downstream mediators of BRAP action in AKI. Immunostaining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), co-immunoprecipitation, a dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-PCR assay were applied to reveal the upstream and downstream regulation mechanism of BRAP during cisplatin-induced AKI.

Results
BRAP was downregulated in mice and human kidneys with AKI. Global Bc004004 deletion alleviated tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis in CP-induced AKI mice, whereas local overexpression of BRAP in kidneys aggravated them. Pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD pretreatment attenuated CP-induced blood creatinine increase and kidney injury in wild-type mice but not in BRAP -/- mice. The activation of mixed lineage kinase like-domain was magnified by Z-VAD in CP-treated mice, especially in BRAP -/- mice. The cytoprotective effect of Z-VAD was more substantial than necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis) in CP-treated human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells. Furthermore, Nec-1 pretreatment reduced the CP-induced cell death in BRAP overexpression HK2 cells but did not work in cells with normal BRAP levels. We determined that CP treatment activated the nuclear factor-κB subunit P65 and inhibition of P65 increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of BRAP in HK2 cells. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified P65 binding to the C6ORF89 promoter and reduced its mRNA expression upon CP treatment. Next we found that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was downregulated in CP-induced AKI and BRAP levels directly impacted the protein levels of SIRT2. Our findings further confirmed that BRAP regulates the SIRT2 protein levels by affecting SIRT2’s interactions with E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 and subsequent proteasomal degradation.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that BRAP played an important role in tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis during CP-induced AKI. Safe and efficient BRAP inhibitors might be effective therapeutic options for AKI.
Time to Mammographic Density Decrease After Exposure to Tamoxifen
Authors: Bäcklund Magnus , Eriksson Mikael , Hammarström Mattias , Thoren Linda , Bergqvist Jenny , Margolin Sara , Hellgren Roxanna , Wengström Yvonne , Gabrielson Marike , Czene Kamila , Hall Per 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mammographic density change has proven to be a reliable proxy for tamoxifen therapy response. The primary aim of this study was to identify time to tamoxifen-induced mammographic density change. We also analyzed side effects and adherence to therapy. In all, 42 women were randomized to 10 or 20 mg of daily oral tamoxifen. Mammograms were taken at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Mammographic density change was measured using the automated STRATUS tool. Adverse events were monitored through a web-based questionnaire based on the FACT-ES tool. Nine out of the 42 (21%) participants discontinued therapy due to adverse events leaving 33 women in the study. A significant decrease in density was seen after 3 months of therapy. Dose did not seem to affect density change, side effects or adherence. Given the size of the study, additional studies are needed to confirm our data.
Interpreting Convergences and Divergences in Multi-Informant, Multimethod Assessment
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres , Makol Bridget A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Individuals often vary in how they display signs and symptoms of personality disturbances and psychopathology. As such, comprehensive assessments of these signs and symptoms should capture how they manifest within and across time and contexts (e.g., community, home, and work). Contexts may vary in the degree to which they influence personality and psychopathology concerns. Thus, practitioners and researchers often rely on multiple informants and methodologies to characterize intervention targets, monitor intervention progress, and inform the selection of evidence-based services. Across research teams and assessment domains, researchers commonly observe diverging outcomes among assessments, depending on the informant and/or method. This chapter reviews theory and research that demonstrate how patterns of divergence observed in multi-informant, multimethod assessments represent valid individual differences in clinical presentations. This divergence may inform interpretations of personality and psychopathology functioning clinically; the chapter advances a research agenda to improve their use when assessing and diagnosing adult personality and psychopathology.
The Core Self–Other Dimension of Personality Functioning
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Fox Sydney , Bender Donna S. , Zimmermann Johannes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the core self–other dimension of personality functioning that has a long history in psychiatric taxonomy and which defines personality disorder in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. The chapter first summarizes theoretical models of personality function/dysfunction. It then reviews empirical evidence regarding personality dysfunction and appraises assessment instruments designed to assess personality dysfunction. Given the variability in how personality dysfunction has been measured and conceptualized in research, the chapter next highlights the most pressing questions for ongoing research. The chapter concludes with a case that demonstrates the clinical importance of personality dysfunction.
FIRST CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE VALUES FROM A SINGLE CENTRE IN NIGERIA: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Garba I , Fatima A M , Mansur Y , Ismail A , Abubakar A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConcern regarding radiation dose associated with cardiac computed tomography (CT) still exists and requires the use of diagnostic reference levels for dose optimisation. Typical median doses were established for 58 consented adult patients from a single centre for coronary artery calcium score (CACS) as volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol): 5.9 mGy; dose length product (DLP): 86.6 mGy*cm and cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) as CTDIvol: 11.1 mGy; DLP: 190.8 mGy*cm. Wide radiation dose variability in terms of CTDIvol was noted for CACS: 2.7–15.9 mGy, a 6-fold, whereas for CCTA it ranges from 3.8 to 52.8 mGy, a 14-fold. The DLP values for CACS range from 33.2 to 344.2 mGy*cm, which is 10-fold, whereas for CCTA it ranges from 32.8 to 834.9 mGy*cm, a 25-fold. The typical values compared lower than the radiation dose from other countries; however, the wide variability in dose remains a call for concern.
Emerging computational technologies in human leishmaniasis: where are we?
Authors: Tuon Felipe Francisco , Amato Valdir Sabagga , Zequinao Tiago , Cruz June Alisson Westarb 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Human leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with high morbidity and is endemic in low- to middle-income countries. Its diagnosis, treatment and epidemiological control methods are outdated and obsolete, which has become a challenge for health practitioners in controlling the disease. Computational methods have proven to be beneficial and have become popular in many fields of medicine, especially in affluent countries. However, they have not been widely used for NTDs. To date, few computational technologies have been employed for leishmaniasis. Although new technologies in leishmaniasis are theorized, they have only been minimally applied and have not been updated, even in other infections. Research and development on NTDs suffers from the inherent difficulties of the demographic regions the diseases afflict. In this narrative review we described the e-tools available in managing leishmaniasis, ranging from drug discovery to treatment.
A rare case of dual congenital coronary cameral fistula and myocardial bridge
Authors: Shen Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
A coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an anomalous communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or great vessel. It is a rare congenital anomaly that is often small and asymptomatic, occurring in only 0.002% of the general population. Most CAFs originate from the right coronary artery and flow into the right cardiac system. Although extremely rare, some cases may originate from the bilateral coronary arteries and flow into the left ventricle.

Patient concerns:
Herein, we report a rare case of a 55-year-old male smoker with no history of heart disease or cardiac surgery, who presented with a 5-year history of recurrent chest congestion, palpitations, and shortness of breath. On physical examination, his heart and lungs revealed normal findings without cardiac murmurs and no systemic or pulmonary edema. Moreover, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography showed no signs of ischemia but exhibited a short array of ventricular tachycardia and short atrial tachycardia. Chest computed tomography showed left apical emphysema without cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. Furthermore, coronary angiography revealed dual congenital coronary cameral fistula, a complex CAF with a left circumflex artery–left ventricle fistula and a right coronary artery–left ventricle fistula, complicated with a myocardial bridge.

Diagnosis and interventions:
A diagnosis of left circumflex artery–left ventricle fistula complicated with a right coronary artery–left ventricle fistula and myocardial bridge was made. Since the patient refused surgery, medical management with enteric-coated aspirin, sustained-release metoprolol, and atorvastatin calcium was initiated.

Outcomes and lesson:
Currently, the patient is now asymptomatic and in good condition since 6 months after undergoing conservative treatment with β-blockers.
Thrombolysis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in myocardial infarction with abdominal pain as the first presentation
Authors: Zheng Yang-Jian , Wang Wen-na , Lin Han-li , Wu Ya-nan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Thrombolysis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is controversial. This case report describes a successful thrombolysis after resuscitation in delayed-diagnosis STEMI.

Patient concerns:
A 58-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain as the first symptom of a subsequent STEMI diagnosis. When he returned to the clinic after having been assisted with abdominal pain relief, he suffered a sudden cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed immediately, and thrombolysis was carried out for his anterior STEMI. He was successfully resuscitated in a short period of time.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with acute and extensive anterior STEMI. The D-dimer level was normal, and pericardial effusion was ruled out.

Interventions:
After successful resuscitation, the patient received half-dose alteplase thrombolytic therapy. After a few days, the patient was transferred to a general ward. Coronary angiography revealed unobstructed flow in the left anterior descending artery.

Outcomes:
The ST segment of the patient gradually declined after thrombolytic therapy, and the myocardial injury marker levels increased. A small amount of pleural fluid in the lungs and pulmonary infection were observed. With effective diuretic, anti-infective, and other treatments, the patient's condition gradually improved, the ventilator was removed, and vasoactive drugs were successfully discontinued. Coronary angiography revealed that the flow of the culprit artery was unobstructed, and a drug-coated balloon was implanted. No wall motion abnormalities were detected on echocardiography, and the patient recovered well.

Conclusions:
In patients with abdominal pain as the first presentation, a simple initial electrocardiogram may help reduce the risk of missed STEMI diagnosis. Thrombolysis after successful resuscitation is an effective treatment for these patients. However, the effects of thrombolysis after resuscitation remain unclear. The point of dispute lies in the effectiveness and safety of thrombolysis (primarily for bleeding). Prompt thrombolysis would lead to a better prognosis if spontaneous circulation can be restored within 10 minutes.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with more than 60 Gy improved the survival of inoperable patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xie Qing , Zhu Bifa , Wang Xiaokang , He Ling , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is widely applied during the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the optimal radiation dose still lacks a consensus. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal radiation dose for inoperable locally advanced ESCC patients treated with IMRT in a real-world clinical setting.
A total of 90 inoperable ESCC patients with locally advanced stages of II-IVA treated with IMRT in our institute between February 1, 2014 and June 30, 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Sixty patients had received >60 Gy (high dose group) and 30 patients had received ≤60 Gy (low dose group). The median radiation dose was 66 Gy (range: 61–70 Gy) and 50.2 Gy (range: 40–60 Gy), respectively. Concurrent chemotherapies were platinum-based regimens.
The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 7.6 and 14.1 months, respectively. Patients in the high dose group exhibited a significantly better PFS (1-year PFS 34.6% vs 22.8%; 2-year PFS 11.9% vs 0%, P = .008) and OS (1-year OS 57.5% vs 39.5%; 2-year OS 31.4% vs 15.8%, P = .007). The median PFS in the high and low dose groups were 8.1 and 6.1 months, and the median OS were 15.4 and 8.5 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that radiation dose (>60 Gy vs ≤60 Gy) was independently prognostic factor for OS (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.89; P = .021), but not for PFS (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31–1.02; P = .058). There was no significant difference in treatment-related toxicities of grade ≥3 between the 2 groups (P = .402).
This retrospective study confirmed that higher radiation dose (>60 Gy) resulted in better survival outcomes for inoperable patients with locally advanced ESCC treated with IMRT.
Acute flaccid paralysis of a new surfer
Authors: Loh Yee Leng , Atresh Sridhar , Ferguson Kylie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Surfer's myelopathy is a rare atraumatic spinal cord injury most frequently experienced by novice surfers. Patients often experience back pain, followed by motor, sensory, bowel, and bladder involvement. Here, we report a case of surfer's myelopathy.

Patient concerns:
The patient presented with acute low back pain associated with lower limb weakness, sensory loss, urinary retention, and perineal paraesthesia 1 hour after her first surf lesson.

Diagnosis:
On arrival at the emergency department, she was noted to have flaccid paralysis with flickers in both lower limbs, reduced sensation in the midthoracic region, reduced anal tone, and saddle anesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed evidence of restricted diffusion from T6 to the level of the conus. Extensive investigations, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, vasculitides/paraneoplastic screening, and further imaging, were unremarkable. She was diagnosed with complete T7 spinal cord injury secondary to surfer's myelopathy.

Interventions:
She subsequently received methylprednisolone and was transferred to the spinal injury unit for rehabilitation. As she experienced persistent neuropathic pain at the level of the injury, she received input from the local pain team. One month after the injury, the patient developed swelling of the right thigh associated with reduced internal and external rotation of the right hip, impacting rehabilitation. The patient was diagnosed with heterotopic ossification following a triple-phase bone scan. She then received intravenous zolendronic acid, which had a good effect.

Outcomes:
Four months after the initial presentation, she was discharged to the community. Despite no improvement in her neurological status, she was independent of transfers and mobility with a wheelchair. In addition, she managed her neurogenic bowel and bladder independently with intermittent self-catheterization and a transanal irrigation system. At 6 months, she engaged well with returning to drive program and vocational rehabilitation.

Lessons:
Neurological recovery from surfer's myelopathy has been shown to vary from complete recovery to minimal recovery. With a spinal-specific rehabilitation program, this patient remains independent of her activities of daily living. Surfer's myelopathy often occurs in inexperienced surfers; therefore, it is crucial to provide education to surfers and instructors.