bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinesin family member 2A links with advanced tumor stage, reduced chemosensitivity and worse prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Bai Fei , He Zhuo , Zhou Huijun , Gan Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundKinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) induces gastric cancer (GC) growth and invasion, while its clinical relevance in GC patients is not reported. This study aimed to investigate the linkage of KIF2A with clinicopathological features, prognosis, and chemosensitivity of GC.MethodsA total of 160 surgical GC patients were reviewed, with their tumor and adjacent tissues acquired for immunohistochemical (IHC) assay to measure KIF2A expression, then scored by a semi‐quantitative method (IHC score: 0–12). KIF2A siRNA or nonsense‐siRNA were transfected into HGC‐27 and NCI‐N87 cells underwent various concentrations of capecitabine or oxaliplatin treatment followed by chemosensitivity assessment.ResultsKinesin family member 2A expression was elevated in the tumor tissue compared to the adjacent tissue (IHC score: 5.6 ± 3.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.7, p < 0.001). Besides, tumor KIF2A expression was related to larger tumor size (p = 0.014), higher N stage (p = 0.004) and TNM stage (p = 0.011); however, it was not linked with other clinicopathological features (all p > 0.05). Signally, tumor KIF2A high expression predicted poor overall survival (p = 0.037). After adjustment via multivariate Cox's regression, tumor KIF2A high expression independently linked with worse disease‐free survival (p = 0.033). Finally, KIF2A knockdown improved the oxaliplatin chemosensitivity vastly but only slightly affected capecitabine chemosensitivity in HGC‐27 and NCI‐N87 cells.ConclusionKinesin family member 2A reflects larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, improved chemosensitivity, and predicts unfavorable survival in GC.
Sialylated N‐glycans mediate monocyte uptake of extracellular vesicles secreted from Plasmodium falciparum‐infected red blood cells
Authors: Ben Ami Pilo Hila , Khan Khilji Sana , Lühle Jost , Biskup Karina , Levy Gal Bar , Rosenhek Goldian Irit , Alfandari Daniel , Revach Or‐Yam , Kiper Edo , Morandi Mattia I. , Rotkopf Ron , Porat Ziv , Blanchard Véronique , Seeberger Peter H. , Regev‐Rudzki Neta , Moscovitz Oren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlycoconjugates on extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in internalization and mediate interaction as well as regulation of the host immune system by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. During their intraerythrocytic life‐cycle stages, malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) mediate the secretion of EVs by infected red blood cells (RBCs) that carry a diverse range of parasitic and host‐derived molecules. These molecules facilitate parasite‐parasite and parasite‐host interactions to ensure parasite survival.To date, the number of identified Pf genes associated with glycan synthesis and the repertoire of expressed glycoconjugates is relatively low. Moreover, the role of Pf glycans in pathogenesis is mostly unclear and poorly understood. As a result, the expression of glycoconjugates on Pf‐derived EVs or their involvement in the parasite life‐cycle has yet to be reported.Herein, we show that EVs secreted by Pf‐infected RBCs carry significantly higher sialylated complex N‐glycans than EVs derived from healthy RBCs. Furthermore, we reveal that EV uptake by host monocytes depends on N‐glycoproteins and demonstrate that terminal sialic acid on the N‐glycans is essential for uptake by human monocytes. Our results provide the first evidence that Pf exploits host sialylated N‐glycans to mediate EV uptake by the human immune system cells.
Changes in extreme precipitation events in the Zambezi River basins based on CORDEX‐CORE models: Part I—Evaluation of historical simulation
Authors: Samuel Sydney , Wiston Modise , Mphale Kgakgamatso , Faka Dieudonne Nsadisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the ability of the Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORE) initiated under the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) to reproduce austral summer extreme precipitation indices over the Zambezi River basin (ZRB) from 1983 to 2005. The ability of the RCMs to simulate the spatial distributions of observed extreme precipitation was assessed using multiple datasets. The spatially averaged performance of the CORDEX‐CORE ensemble mean (CORE‐ENS) and RCM ensembles (RCM‐ENSEMBLES developed from different combinations of CORE‐ENS ensemble members) was evaluated using statistical metrics. The results showed similarities in the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation among the observations. However, there were considerable differences in the magnitude of extreme precipitation among the observations. The frequency of days with very heavy precipitation (R20) showed the largest differences in magnitude among the observations. Although there are differences in magnitude, CORE‐ENS, its ensemble members, and RCM‐ENSEMBLES can capture the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation. Specifically, CORE‐ENS, its ensemble members, and RCM‐ENSEMBLES overestimated (underestimated) the frequency of rainy days (RR1) and maximum consecutive wet days (CWD) (maximum consecutive dry days [CDD]). In contrast, some members of CORE‐ENS overestimate, while others underestimate, the simple daily intensity index (SDII), the frequency of days with heavy precipitation (R10), and R20, depending on the choice of reference data. The Consortium for Small‐scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode (CCLM) and Regional MOdel (REMO) performed better than the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4.7) in simulating the spatial distributions of extreme precipitation. The regionally averaged uncertainties (biases) of the CORE‐ENS, its ensemble members, and RCMENSEMBLES were within the range of those in the observational datasets, except for CWD (CWD and RR1). Overall, CORE‐ENS performed better than its ensemble members in simulating extreme precipitation.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented barley extracts ameliorate high‐fat‐diet‐induced muscle dysfunction via mitophagy
Authors: Gu Yaoguang , Bai Juan , Zhang Jiayan , Zhao Yansheng , Pan Ruirong , Dong Ying , Cui Henglin , Meng Ranhui , Xiao Xiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDA reduced level of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by skeletal muscle leads to the accumulation of intermuscular fat (IMF), which is linked to impaired exercise capacity. Previously, we have reported that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented barley extract (LFBE) has effective anti‐obesity properties. In this study, the effects of LFBE on muscle were investigated.RESULTSLFBE improved running endurance and muscle strength, which was caused by the elevation of FAO in muscle. In addition, LFBE renovated muscle regeneration through the upregulation of paired box 7 and myogenic differentiation 1 expression avoiding the injury of skeletal muscle fibers. Furthermore, total polyphenol isolated from LFBE (FTP) reinforced mobility and showed a significant protective effect on maintaining muscle fiber morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Transmission electron microscope observation suggested FTP induced mitophagy in C. elegans body wall muscle, which was strongly connected with enhanced FAO in mitochondria.CONCLUSIONSOur findings highlighted the beneficial bioactivities of FTP and its potential application for stimulating mitophagy and muscle function in obese individuals. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis: T2r38 Genotyping and Nasal Cytology in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Piatti Gioia , Ambrosetti Umberto , Aldè Mirko , Girotto Giorgia , Concas Maria P. , Torretta Sara 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a major hallmark of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). We investigated the possible correlation between some severity markers of CRS and several clinical features of the disease. We further studied the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 polymorphisms to identify the genotypes associated with more severe disease.MethodsWe included 39 adult PCD patients with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP); a sample for nasal cytology was obtained and clinical cytological grading (CCG) was determined. The SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Mackay scores were recorded. A sample of DNA was extracted from peripheral blood to investigate TAS2R38 polymorphisms.ResultsCRSwNP patients had features of more severe disease: indeed, they had statistically significantly higher frequency of previous sinus surgery, higher SNOT‐22, LM scores, and CCG than CRSsNP patients. Upon genotyping of TAS2R38 polymorphisms, we observed that the AVI–AVI genotype, associated to homozygous nonfunctional bitter TAS2R38 receptor, was more prevalent among CRSwNP (100%) than in CRSsNP patients (0%); furthermore, AVI–AVI subjects showed statistically significantly worse SNOT‐22 and CCG scores than PAV–PAV and PAV–AVI subjects. The group of AVI–AVI patients also had more frequent respiratory exacerbations, Gram‐negative infections, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization than PAV–PAV and PAV–AVI patients.ConclusionOur findings indicate for the first time that PCD patients with CRSwNP display a more severe disease than those with CRSsNP. Genotyping of TAS2R38 polymorphisms demonstrated that in PCD patients, the AVI–AVI genotype is strikingly more prevalent among CRSwNP than in CRSsNP, while the PAV–PAV genotype might be protective against Gram‐negative infections and respiratory exacerbations.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:248–254, 2023
Cowpea leaf width correlates with above ground biomass across diverse environments
Authors: Digrado Anthony , Gonzalez‐Escobar Emmanuel , Owston Nicole , Page Rhiannon , Mohammed Saba Baba , Umar Muhammad Lawan , Boukar Ousmane , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) yields within the dry savannahs of Sub‐Saharan Africa are low. Given the contribution of cowpea to food security in this region, it is essential that high‐yielding varieties are developed to improve crop productivity in a sustainable manner. Identifying morphological or physiological traits that correlate with biomass could assist breeders with rapid screening of diverse germplasm. This study investigated 23 diverse Nigerian cowpea lines in an environmentally controlled greenhouse and 50 diverse lines from a Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) population in the field to identify easily measurable traits associated with high above ground biomass. Correlation analyses found that leaf traits were significantly and positively correlated with above ground biomass, and the leaf width of the youngest fully expanded leaf was the best indicator of biomass yield. Analysis of variance identified significant differences among the genotypes for all measured traits, indicating that there is genetic variation among these varieties and opportunity for selection. These results from the greenhouse and the field indicate that the leaf width of the youngest fully expanded leaf can be used to rapidly select cowpea lines with high biomass production potential.
Classifying freshwater salinity regimes in central and western U.S. streams and rivers
Authors: Bolotin Lauren A. , Summers Betsy M. , Savoy Philip , Blaszczak Joanna R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFreshwater salinization of rivers is occurring across the globe because of nonpoint source loading of salts from anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and resource extraction that accelerate weathering and release salts. Multidecadal trends in river salinity are well characterized, yet our understanding of annual regimes of salinity in rivers draining diverse central and western U.S. landscapes and their associated catchment attributes is limited. We classified annual salinity regimes in 242 stream locations through dynamic time warping and fuzzy c‐medoids clustering of salinity time series. We found two dominant regimes in salinity characterized by an annual summer–fall peak or spring decline. Using random forest regression, we found that precipitation amount, stream slope, and soil salinity were the most important predictors of salinity regime classification. Advancing our understanding of salinity regimes in rivers will improve our ability to predict and mitigate the effects of salinization in freshwater ecosystems through management interventions.
Medical lesion segmentation by combining multimodal images with modality weighted UNet
Authors: Zhu Xiner , Wu Yichao , Hu Haoji , Zhuang Xianwei , Yao Jincao , Ou Di , Li Wei , Song Mei , Feng Na , Xu Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeAutomatic segmentation of medical lesions is a prerequisite for efficient clinic analysis. Segmentation algorithms for multimodal medical images have received much attention in recent years. Different strategies for multimodal combination (or fusion), such as probability theory, fuzzy models, belief functions, and deep neural networks, have also been developed. In this paper, we propose the modality weighted UNet (MW‐UNet) and attention‐based fusion method to combine multimodal images for medical lesion segmentation.MethodsMW‐UNet is a multimodal fusion method which is based on UNet, but we use a shallower layer and fewer feature map channels to reduce the amount of network parameters, and our method uses the new multimodal fusion method called fusion attention. It uses weighted sum rule and fusion attention to combine feature maps in intermediate layers. During training, all the weight parameters are updated through backpropagation like other parameters in the network. We also incorporate residual blocks into MW‐UNet to further improve segmentation performance. The comparison between the automatic multimodal lesion segmentations and the manual contours was quantified by (1) five metrics including Dice, 95% Hausdorff Distance (HD95), volumetric overlap error (VOE), relative volume difference (RVD), and mean‐Intersection‐over‐Union (mIoU); (2) Number of parameters and flops to calculate the complexity of the network.ResultsThe proposed method is verified on ZJCHD, which is the data set of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for Liver Lesion Segmentation taken from Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China. For accuracy evaluation, we use 120 patients with liver lesions from ZJCHD, of which 100 are used for fourfold cross‐validation (CV) and 20 are used for hold‐out (HO) test. The mean Dice was and for HO and CV tests, respectively. The corresponding HD95, VOE, RVD, and mIoU of the two tests are 1.95 ± 1.83 and 2.67 ± 3.35 mm, 13.11 ± 15.83 and , 12.20 ± 18.20 and , and 83.79 ± 15.83 and . The parameters and flops of our method is 4.04 M and 18.36 G, respectively.ConclusionsThe results show that our method performs well on multimodal liver lesion segmentation. It can be easily extended to other multimodal data sets and other networks for multimodal fusion. Our method is the potential to provide doctors with multimodal annotations and assist them with clinical diagnosis.
Research shows impact of COVID‐19 on students with disabilities, other groups
Authors: Hope Joan 
Published: March 2022

“This Report bears witness to the many ways that COVID‐19, with all of its tragic impacts on individuals, families, and communities, appears to be deepening divides in educational opportunity across our nation's classrooms and campuses,” states the opening message from Acting Assistant Secretary of Education Suzanne B. Goldberg in Education in a Pandemic: The Disparate Impacts of COVID‐19 on America's Students.
The alkoxylation effects on the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer behaviors for 2,6‐bis(benzothiazolyl‐2‐yl)phenol fluorophore: A theoretical research
Authors: Shi Lijuan , Yang Dapeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGiven the unique luminescent properties, the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials have attracted lots of eyes in recent years. In view of the promising highly efficient red‐emitting material, the 2,6‐bis(benzothiazolyl‐2‐yl)phenol (DBTP) under alkoxy groups at the 4‐position reveals important properties. In this work, modification of DBTP fluorophore, that is, DBTP‐OMe (methoxy), DBTP‐OEt (ethoxy), DBTP‐OPr (propoxy), and DBTP‐OBt (butoxy) derivatives, have been explored theoretically. Based on the analyses of chemical structural variations and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra in both S0 and S1 states, the enhanced intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions could be clearly found, which will promote the ESIPT tendency. Particularly, the DBTP‐OMe with stronger hydrogen bond reveals the easier PT tendency upon photo‐induced excitation. Paying attention to the changes of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), it could be found the charge transfer happens in the excited‐state molecules, and the reorganization of charge densities should be conducive to promoting the ESIPT process. Simulated potential energy curves indicated the ultrafast ESIPT reaction occurs for DBTP‐OMe, DBTP‐OEt, DBTP‐OPr, and DBTP‐OBt derivatives. The searched transition state (TS) structures in S1‐state reaction path suggested the derivatives with few alkyl groups might be more probe to occur the ESIPT reaction than the more alkyl ones for DBTP system.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of clopidogrel in populations of European and Japanese ancestry: An evaluation of CYP2C19 activity
Authors: Duong Janna K. , Nand Romina A. , Patel Aarti , Della Pasqua Oscar , Gross Annette S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTTreatment response to clopidogrel is associated with CYP2C19 activity through the formation of the active H4 metabolite. The aims of this study were to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of clopidogrel and its metabolites for populations of European ancestry, to predict the pharmacokinetics in the Japanese population by CYP2C19 phenotype, and to investigate the effect of clinical and demographic factors. A PBPK model was developed and verified to describe the two metabolic pathways of clopidogrel (H4 metabolite, acyl glucuronide metabolite) for a population of European ancestry using plasma data from published studies. Subsequently, model predictions in the Japanese population were evaluated. The effects of CYP2C19 activity, fluvoxamine coadministration (CYP2C19 inhibitor), and population‐specific factors (age, sex, BMI, body weight, cancer, hepatic, and renal dysfunction) on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel and its metabolites were then characterized. The predicted/observed ratios for clopidogrel and metabolite exposure parameters were acceptable (twofold acceptance criteria). For all CYP2C19 phenotypes, steady‐state AUC0‐τ of the H4 metabolite was lower for the Japanese (e.g., EM, 7.69 [6.26–9.45] ng·h/ml; geometric mean [95% CI]) than European (EM, 24.8 [20.4–30.1] ng·h/ml, p < .001) population. In addition to CYP2C19‐poor metabolizer phenotype, fluvoxamine coadministration, hepatic, and renal dysfunction were found to reduce H4 metabolite but not acyl glucuronide metabolite concentrations. This is the first PBPK model describing the two major metabolic pathways of clopidogrel, which can be applied to populations of European and Japanese ancestry by CYP2C19 phenotype. The differences between the two populations appear to be determined primarily by the effect of varying CYP2C19 liver activity.
Metabolomics analysis highlights Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)‐mediated neuroprotection in a rotenone‐induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease by restoring the mTORC1‐AMPK1 axis in autophagic regulation
Authors: Karthikkeyan Gayathree , Behera Santosh Kumar , Upadhyay Shubham Sukerndeo , Pervaje Ravishankar , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Modi Prashant Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐associated progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, and its management strategies are known to cause complications with prolonged usage. We aimed to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of the Indian traditional medicine Yashtimadhu, prepared from the dried roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) in the rotenone‐induced cellular model of PD. Retinoic acid–differentiated IMR‐32 cells were treated with rotenone (PD model) and Yashtimadhu extract. Mass spectrometry‐based untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling was carried out to discover altered metabolites. The untargeted metabolomics analysis highlighted the rotenone‐induced dysregulation and Yashtimadhu‐mediated restoration of metabolites involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids, amino acids, lipids, and citric acid cycle. Targeted validation of citric acid cycle metabolites showed decreased α‐ketoglutarate and succinate with rotenone treatment and rescued by Yashtimadhu co‐treatment. The dysregulation of the citric acid cycle by rotenone‐induced energetic stress via dysregulation of the mTORC1‐AMPK1 axis was prevented by Yashtimadhu. Yashtimadhu co‐treatment restored rotenone‐induced ATG7‐dependent autophagy and eventually caspases‐mediated cell death. Our analysis links the metabolic alterations modulating energy stress and autophagy, which underlies the Yashtimadhu‐mediated neuroprotection in the rotenone‐induced cellular model of PD.
Financial risk analysis system and supervision based on big data and blockchain technology
Authors: Wang Liping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFinancial risk is closely related to the risk of finance. For both institutions and financial industry, once financial risk occurs, it will bring great harm. It is very necessary to forewarn financial risks before they occur. Through the analysis and supervision of financial risk can effectively control the occurrence of financial crisis. In the current Internet era, blockchain technology has been widely used in various aspects. In finance, in particular, blockchain has brought great convenience to the analysis and supervision of its risks. This paper aims to study financial risk analysis and related regulatory research through the relevant technologies of big data and blockchain. This paper puts forward the way of combining theory and model to study financial risk. The risk value is obtained through the study of risk‐related attributes. Experimental results show that the risk rate of financial risks under big data and blockchain technology has been reduced by 10%–15%. This degree of risk reduction is of great application in actual financial risk control. Financial security is closely related to financial risks and financial crises. Both risks and crises can be used to explain and measure the degree of security, and security can also be used to explain and measure risks and crises. The higher the degree of security, the lower the risk; conversely, the greater the risk, the lower the degree of security; a crisis is the result of a large‐scale accumulation of risks, and a crisis is serious insecurity, which is an extreme of financial security.
Das Mikrobiom bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis, Teil 2
Authors: Köll Theresa , Brunner Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Entstehung der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA), der häufigsten rheumatischen Erkrankung im Kindesalter, wird durch genetische Prädisposition, umweltbezogene Faktoren und immunologische Mechanismen beeinflusst. Eine entscheidende Rolle wird der humanen Mikrobiota zugeschrieben, die sich in den Epithelzellen des Darms, der Haut und des Respirationstrakts befindet. Für die Entwicklung und Funktion einer gesunden Immunabwehr ist ein komplexes Zusammenspiel zwischen Immunsystem und Mikrobiota essenziell. Durch eine Störung des Gleichgewichts kommt es zur sogenannten Dysbiose, einer pathologisch veränderten Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms, die durch überschießende Immunreaktionen zu Entzündungsprozessen führt und damit die Entstehung immunmediierter Erkrankungen begünstigt. Ein pathologisch verändertes Mikrobiom rechtzeitig zu erkennen und das physiologische Gleichgewicht wiederherzustellen, könnte in der Prävention und in der Therapie mikrobiomassoziierter Erkrankungen neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen.