bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of neutrophil elastase in aortic valve calcification
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Peng , An Liqin , Zhu Mengying , Li Jin , Wang Yue , Huang Qin , Xiang Yi , Li Xiaorong , Shi Qiong , Weng Yaguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most commonly valvular disease in the western countries initiated by inflammation and abnormal calcium deposition. Currently, there is no clinical drug for CAVD. Neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a causal role in inflammation and participates actively in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of NE on valve calcification remains unclear. So we next explore whether it is involved in valve calcification and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Methods
NE expression and activity in calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVD) patients (n = 58) and healthy patients (n = 30) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (pVICs) were isolated and used in vitro expriments. The effects of NE on pVICs inflammation, apoptosis and calcification were detected by TUNEL assay, MTT assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. The effects of NE knockdown and NE activity inhibitor Alvelestat on pVICs inflammation, apoptosis and calcification under osteogenic medium induction were also detected by RT-PCR, western blot, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Changes of Intracellular signaling pathways after NE treatment were measured by western blot. Apolipoprotein E−/− (APOE−/−) mice were employed in this study to establish the important role of Alvelestat in valve calcification. HE was used to detected the thickness of valve. IHC was used to detected the NE and α-SMA expression in APOE−/− mice. Echocardiography was employed to assess the heat function of APOE−/− mice.

Results
The level and activity of NE were evaluated in patients with CAVD and calcified valve tissues. NE promoted inflammation, apoptosis and phenotype transition in pVICs in the presence or absence of osteogenic medium. Under osteogenic medium induction, NE silencing or NE inhibitor Alvelestat both suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of pVICs. Mechanically, NE played its role in promoting osteogenic differentiation of pVICs by activating the NF-κB and AKT signaling pathway. Alvelestat alleviated valve thickening and decreased the expression of NE and α-SMA in western diet-induced APOE−/− mice. Alvelestat also reduced NE activity and partially improved the heart function of APOE−/−mice.

Conclusions
Collectively, NE is highly involved in the pathogenesis of valve calcification. Targeting NE such as Alvelestat may be a potential treatment for CAVD.
Past and current status of adolescents living with HIV in South Africa, 2005–2017
Authors: Naidoo Inbarani , Takatshana Sinovuyo , Sewpaul Ronel , Jooste Sean , Siyanai Zhou , Maseko Goitseone , Moyo Sizulu , Zuma Khangelani , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Nompumelelo Zungu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This paper reports HIV prevalence, incidence, progress towards the UNAIDS (90-90-90) targets, and HIV drug resistance among adolescents living with HIV in South Africa. We conducted secondary analyses using data extracted from the South African national HIV prevalence surveys (2005–2017). Analyses were stratified by sex and age (10–14 and 15–19-years), presenting weighted descriptive statistics, and realised totals.

Results
HIV prevalence increased from 3.0% in 2012 to 3.7% in 2017, translating to 360 582 (95% CI 302 021-419 144) HIV positive adolescents in 2017. Female adolescents bear a disproportionate HIV burden of 5.6% prevalence versus 0.7% for males. HIV incidence remained relatively stable. For the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, approximately 62.3% of adolescents knew their HIV status, 65.4% of whom were on antiretroviral therapy, and of these 78.1% on antiretroviral therapy had attained viral load suppression. There are knowledge gaps pertaining to the magnitude of perinatal infections and postnatal infections, and socio-behavioural risk factors for HIV transmission among adolescents in South Africa. There is still a need for focussed interventions targeting adolescent (1) gender disparities in HIV risk (2) screening for HIV, (3) sustained access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy and (3) retention in care to maintain viral load suppression.
Symptoms of COVID-19 contagion in different social contexts in association to self-reported symptoms, mental health and study capacity in Swedish university students
Authors: Andersson Claes , Bendtsen Marcus , Molander Olof , Granlund Lilian , Topooco Naira , Engström Karin , Lindfors Petra , Berman Anne H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
The present study investigates if symptoms of COVID-19 contagion in different social contexts (cohabitants, family, acquaintances, and others) are associated with university students' own self-reported symptoms of COVID-19 contagion, mental health, and study capacity. This was investigated by a cross-sectional survey administrated in Sweden during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, at the time when universities were locked down to limit viral spread and contagion.

Results
Mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 in cohabitants and family members were associated with student’s self-reported symptoms of contagion, while no associations could be seen in relation to mental health and study capacity. Symptoms of COVID-19 contagion in acquaintances and others were not associated with students’ self-reported symptoms, nor with their mental health and study capacity.
To conclude, during the initial lockdown of universities students’ self-reported symptoms of contagion were mainly associated with cohabitants and family members, while symptoms of contagion in different social contexts were not associated with mental health and study capacity. Findings suggest that lockdown of universities may have contributed to limiting infection pathways, while still allowing students to focus on their studies despite significant contagion among others known to the student.
Computational characterization and analysis of molecular sequence data of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Authors: Girdhar Neha , Kumari Nilima , Krishnamachari A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a multidrug resistance strain which primarily causes meningitis in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Being a nosocomial infection causing agent, less information is available in literature, specifically, about its genomic makeup and associated features. An attempt is made to study them through bioinformatics tools with respect to compositions, embedded periodicities, open reading frames, origin of replication, phylogeny, orthologous gene clusters analysis and pathways.

Results
Complete DNA and protein sequence pertaining to E. meningoseptica were thoroughly analyzed as part of the study. E. meningoseptica G4076 genome showed 7593 ORFs it is GC rich. Fourier based analysis showed the presence of typical three base periodicity at the genome level. Putative origin of replication has been identified. Phylogenetically, E. meningoseptica is relatively closer to E. anophelis compared to other Elizabethkingia species. A total of 2606 COGs were shared by all five Elizabethkingia species. Out of 3391 annotated proteins, we could identify 18 unique ones involved in metabolic pathway of E. meningoseptica and this can be an initiation point for drug designing and development. Our study is novel in the aspect in characterizing and analyzing the whole genome data of E. meningoseptica.
Metagenomic data for Halichondria panicea from Illumina and nanopore sequencing and preliminary genome assemblies for the sponge and two microbial symbionts
Authors: Strehlow Brian W. , Schuster Astrid , Francis Warren R. , Canfield Donald E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
These data were collected to generate a novel reference metagenome for the sponge Halichondria panicea and its microbiome for subsequent differential expression analyses.

Data description
These data include raw sequences from four separate sequencing runs of the metagenome of a single individual of Halichondria panicea—one Illumina MiSeq (2 × 300 bp, paired-end) run and three Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing runs, generating 53.8 and 7.42 Gbp respectively. Comparing assemblies of Illumina, ONT and an Illumina-ONT hybrid revealed the hybrid to be the ‘best’ assembly, comprising 163 Mbp in 63,555 scaffolds (N50: 3084). This assembly, however, was still highly fragmented and only contained 52% of core metazoan genes (with 77.9% partial genes), so it was also not complete. However, this sponge is an emerging model species for field and laboratory work, and there is considerable interest in genomic sequencing of this species. Although the resultant assemblies from the data presented here are suboptimal, this data note can inform future studies by providing an estimated genome size and coverage requirements for future sequencing, sharing additional data to potentially improve other suboptimal assemblies of this species, and outlining potential limitations and pitfalls of the combined Illumina and ONT approach to novel genome sequencing.
Unspecified opioids among opioid overdoses in Oslo, Norway
Authors: Iqbal Zahra Zeineb , Nguyen Thanh Mai Thi , Brekke Mette , Vallersnes Odd Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Since 2017, an increasing number of opioid overdoses in Oslo, Norway, has been categorized as involving unspecified opioids, as noted in the patient records by the doctor treating the patient. In this study we compare the characteristics of overdoses involving unspecified opioids, long-acting opioids, and heroin. Data on patients presenting with opioid overdose was retrospectively collected from 1 October 2013 to 31 December 2019 at the Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic.

Results
Among 2381 included cases, 459 (19.3%) involved unspecified opioids, 134 (5.6%) long-acting opioids, and 1788 (75.1%) heroin. Overdoses involving unspecified opioids needed longer observation, median 5 h 29 min vs. 4 h 54 min (long-acting opioids) and 4 h 49 min (heroin) (p < 0.001), and had a lower Glasgow coma scale score, median 10 vs. 13 in both the other groups (p < 0.001). Naloxone was given in 23.3% of cases involving unspecified opioids, vs. 12.7% involving long-acting opioids and 30.2% involving heroin (p < 0.001). A larger proportion of patients were transferred to hospital care when unspecified or long-acting opioids were involved compared to heroin, 16.3% and 18.7% respectively vs. 10.1% (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that the category “unspecified opioids” encompasses a substantial proportion of opioids acting longer than heroin.
Bilateral emergency export reserve mechanism under climate change
Authors: Huang Kuang-Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsider that multilateral food aid and regional food security mechanisms may incompletely adapt to the challenges of climate change in future practice. This study proposes a framework of bilateral emergency export reserve mechanism to encourage both participating countries to jointly appoint a transnational agribusiness to manage emergency export reserves as a means of fulfilling its corporate social responsibility (CSR). This mechanism has the features of simplified negotiation, more transparent operating procedures, along with reciprocity in bilateral cooperation, which would provide grain importing countries with a higher degree of safeguarding food security.
Mapping the distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents in China: a modeling study
Authors: Wang Tao , Meng Fanfei , Che Tianle , Chen Jinjin , Zhang Haiyang , Ji Yang , Fan Zhengwei , Zhao Guoping , Zhang Wenhui , Jiang Baogui , Xu Qiang , Lv Chenlong , Shi Taoxing , Ruan Shiman , Liu Lanzheng , Liu Wei , Yang Yang , Fang Liqun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Emerging mite-borne pathogens and associated disease burdens in recent decades are raising serious public health concerns, yet their distributions and ecology remain under-investigated. We aim to describe the geographical distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents and to assess their ecological niches in China.

Methods
We mapped 549 species of blood-sucking mites belonging to 100 genera at the county level and eight mite-associated agents detected from 36 species of blood-sucking mites in China during 1978–2020. Impacts of climatic and environmental factors on the ecology of 21 predominant vector mites and a leading pathogen, Orientia tsutsugamushi, were assessed using boosted regression tree (BRT) models, and model-predicted risks were mapped. We also estimated the model-predicted number, area and population size of affected counties for each of the 21 mite species in China.

Results
Laelaps echidninus is the leading mite species that potentially affects 744 million people, followed by La. jettmari (517 million) and Eulaelaps stabularis (452 million). Leptotrombidium scutellare is the mite species harboring the highest variety of mite-borne agents including four Rickettsia species and two viruses, followed by Eu. stabularis (2 agents), L. palpale (2) and La. echidninus (2). The top two agents that parasitize the largest number of mite species are O. tsutsugamushi (28 species) and hantavirus (8). Mammalian richness, annual mean temperature and precipitation of the driest quarter jointly determine the ecology of the mites, forming four clusters of major mite species with distinct geographic distributions. High-risk areas of O. tsutsugamushi are mainly distributed in southern and eastern coastal provinces where 71.5 million people live.

Conclusions
Ecological niches of major mite species and mite-borne pathogens are much more extensive than what have been observed, necessitating expansion of current filed surveillance.

Graphic Abstract
Evolutionary game analysis between employees and employers about working overtime from the perspective of information asymmetry
Authors: Dong Junjie , Yan Shumin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Overtime is an international phenomenon, especially in some Chinese Internet technology companies, the 996 work regime is a common corporate atmosphere. This paper holds that overtime work is the result of a long-term dynamic game between employees and employers. In such a dynamic evolution process, employers and employees both cooperate and conflict, they will choose a strategy conducive to their own development through long-term learning and improvement.

Methods
Based on the evolutionary game theory and principal-agent theory, this paper constructs a $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

evolutionary game matrix. The strategies of employees can be divided into voluntary overtime and involuntary overtime, while the strategies of employers can be divided into providing overtime pay and not providing overtime pay. The stability of the system is related to four parameters: resource consumption, information asymmetry coefficient, trust coefficient, and moral hazard coefficient.

Results
Through an in-depth study of the model and data simulation, the system has five equilibrium points, an ESS point, and a saddle point in any case. Accordingly, we put forward two theorems and three propositions, which are verified not only theoretically but also by data simulation. Besides, the strategies of the employees and the employers will evolve from the initial state to (Involuntarily, Not pay) or (Voluntarily, Pay) under different situations. This is closely related to the initial parameters of the evolutionary game model and the payment matrix.

Conclusions
By summarizing the influence of each parameter on the evolutionary path, we believe that fairness and information equivalence between employees and employers can effectively promote both parties to reach the Pareto optimal state. In other words, employees and employers need to communicate and share information promptly to ensure the unity of information acquired by each other and achieve a win–win situation. This paper contributes to providing theoretical guidance and practical enlightenment for organizations to manage employees' overtime behavior scientifically and improve their work psychology reasonably.
Intercultural competence outcomes of a STEM living–learning community
Authors: Starr Laura , Yngve Katherine , Jin Lan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Living–learning communities and global or diversity learning experiences have been identified as educational practices which often have a “high impact” on student success, as well as providing interpersonal competencies that are greatly valued by employers. Even without a specific intercultural or diversity component, living–learning communities would seem to offer rich settings for the development of the ability to work effectively across cultural difference. Yet intercultural learning outcomes are rarely assessed outside the domain of study abroad or diversity training programs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether participation in a “global science” living–learning community can increase the intercultural competence of first year international and domestic students, as measured by a well-known quantitative instrument, the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI).

Results
In the first 2 years of the study, the intercultural learning content focused primarily on ‘dealing effectively with difference’ and produced minimal mean gains in intercultural competence. Examination of qualitative data from these experiences (using a well-known rubric to frame the analysis) as well as a review of the literature around intercultural learning (principally in study abroad contexts) suggested that focusing on similarity and self-awareness, coupled with individualized feedback, was likely to be a more appropriate pedagogy for students’ competency development. Following the curriculum revision, 2 years worth of participants exhibited much higher mean gains in IDI scores, as well as higher rates of shifting to a new stage of effectiveness by semester’s end.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the STEM education literature by attempting to apply several years of research findings about effective intercultural competence development, principally from study abroad programs, to STEM education in on-campus contexts. In so doing, it has implications for how STEM educators can more effectively work towards cultivating global-ready STEM graduates, and towards reaching STEM students who, for whatever reason, do not typically participate in study abroad.
Feasibility and implementation fidelity of a co-designed intervention to promote in-hospital mobility among older medical patients—the WALK-Copenhagen project (WALK-Cph)
Authors: Pedersen Britt Stævnsbo , Kirk Jeanette Wassar , Olesen Maren Kathrine , Grønfeldt Birk Mygind , Stefánsdóttir Nina Thórný , Brødsgaard Rasmus , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Nilsen Per , Andersen Ove , Bandholm Thomas , Pedersen Mette Merete 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mobility interventions can prevent functional decline among older patients, but implementation of such interventions may be complicated by barriers in the clinical setting. The WALK-Copenhagen project (WALK-Cph) is aimed at promoting a 24-h mobility among older medical patients during hospitalization. The WALK-Cph intervention was co-designed by researchers and stakeholders to tailor the intervention to the clinical context. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and implementation fidelity of the WALK-Cph intervention before evaluating clinical effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03825497).

Methods
The WALK-Cph intervention consisted of six components: a welcome folder explaining the importance of in-hospital activity, a WALK-plan prescribing up to three daily walking sessions during and after hospitalization, a WALK-path in the hallway that patients were motivated to use daily, exercise posters in the hallways and bedrooms, self-service on beverages and clothes, and discharge with a WALK-plan. The present study reports on phase 2 of WALK-Cph and consists of a feasibility and a fidelity component. The study was conducted at the two WALK-Cph intervention departments after the initiation of the WALK-Cph intervention. A cohort of older medical patients (+65) was recruited for the feasibility study to assess recruitment and data collection procedures and the method for assessment of activity. Simultaneously, implementation fidelity was assessed by observing clinical practice and intervention delivery at the intervention departments.

Results
A feasibility cohort of 48 patients was included. Inclusion was considered feasible with recruitment rates between 62% and 70% of all eligible patients. Also, data collection was conducted without obstacles, and all patients accepted to wear activity monitors. The fidelity observations showed that three of the six intervention components were partially implemented as planned whereas three components were not implemented as planned.

Conclusion
The WALK-Cph intervention was found feasible, and although the intervention was not implemented with fidelity, the level of fidelity was considered sufficient to continue with further testing of the WALK-Cph intervention in a large-scale trial.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03825497 (retrospectively registered). Protocol PubMed ID (PMID): 29523569.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Dutch Screening Visual Complaints questionnaire in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: van der Feen Fleur E. , de Haan Gera A. , van der Lijn Iris , Fuermaier Anselm B. M. , Heersema Thea J. , Meilof Jan F. , Heutink Joost 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Visual complaints among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are common, but often difficult to recognize. The Screening Visual Complaints questionnaire (SVCq) has been developed to screen for visual complaints in people with a neurodegenerative disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). A previous study performed a factor analysis in a normal population which revealed an acceptable one-factor model, a three-factor model and a five-factor model within the SVCq. To increase the usability of the SVCq in people with MS, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the fit of the three models in a cohort of pwMS.

Results
The confirmatory factor analysis on the SVCq in 493 people with MS showed good fit for all the models. The three-factor model (diminished visual perception, altered visual perception and ocular discomfort) outperformed the one-factor model. The five-factor model outperformed both models, which showed that dividing the first factor (diminished visual perception) into three more factors (function-related, luminance-related and task-related) has merit.

Conclusions
All models may be useful in clinical care for pwMS. The one-factor model may give a quick overview of the presence and severity of visual complaints in general. The individual factors, of either the three- or the five factor models, may contribute to a better recognition of the nature of visual complaints in pwMS and may guide further steps in rehabilitation for pwMS with visual complaints.