bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A worldwide evaluation of trophic magnification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Miranda Daniele de A. , Peaslee Graham F. , Zachritz Alison M. , Lamberti Gary A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A review of the published literature on the trophic magnification factor (TMF) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was conducted to assess how biomagnification varies across aquatic systems worldwide. Although the TMF has been recognized as the most reliable tool for assessing the biomagnification of organic contaminants, peer-reviewed studies reporting TMFs for PFAS are few and with limited geographical distribution. We found 25 published studies of the biomagnification of 35 specific PFAS, for which the TMF was generated through linear regression of individual log-PFAS concentration and the δ15N-based trophic position of each organism in the food webs. Studies were concentrated mainly in China, North America, and Europe, and the most investigated compound was perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which was frequently shown to be biomagnified in the food web (TMFs ranging from 0.8 to 20). Other long-chain carboxylates displayed substantial variation in trophic magnification. Observed differences in the TMF were associated with length of the food web, geographic location, sampling methodologies, tissue analyzed, and distance from known direct PFAS inputs. In addition to biomagnification of legacy PFAS, precursor substances were observed to bioaccumulate in the food web, which suggests they may biotransform to more persistent PFAS compounds in upper trophic levels. This review discusses the variability of environmental characteristics driving PFAS biomagnification in natural ecosystems and highlights the different approaches used by each study, which can make comparisons among studies challenging. Suggestions on how to standardize TMFs for PFAS are also provided in this review. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1500–1512. © 2022 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) studies using the trophic magnification factor (TMF) were concentrated mainly in China, North America, and Europe. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the main compound analyzed over the 20 years of international concern regarding its potential to accumulate in biota. Long-chain PFAS compounds showed considerable variation in their bioaccumulation through the food web, which was associated with differences not only in biological characteristics of the sampled organisms but also in methodologies among studies. The presence of PFAS precursors in the studied environments was highlighted as a potentially important factor in amplifying TMF values for legacy compounds.
Clinical observation of low‐dose combination chemotherapy in refractory/recurrent paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Liyan , Liu Hui , Wang Honglei , Liu Zhaoyun , Chen Yingying , Liu Chunyan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Li Lijuan , Wang Huaquan , Shao Zonghong , Fu Rong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies of 20 refractory/recurrent PNH patients, including the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy treatment, safety, and survival.MethodsThe clinical data of 20 classic PNH patients who were refractory/recurrent or had glucocorticoid dependence in our hospital were analyzed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, treatment efficacy, and survival.ResultsSeventeen patients had a marked improvement in anemia after chemotherapy, 14 patients acquired blood transfusion independence, and the Hb of 3 patients increased to normal levels. Although 6 patients still needed blood transfusion, the transfusion interval was significantly prolonged. The percentages of LDH, TBIL, and RET, which are indicators of hemolysis, were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy. The dosage of adrenal glucocorticoids was reduced by more than half compared with that before chemotherapy.ConclusionsChemotherapy can reduce PNH clones, promote normal hematopoiesis, and control hemolytic attack. It is a promising and widely used therapeutic method.
Human neural cell type‐specific extracellular vesicle proteome defines disease‐related molecules associated with activated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease brain
Authors: You Yang , Muraoka Satoshi , Jedrychowski Mark P. , Hu Jianqiao , McQuade Amanda K. , Young‐Pearse Tracy , Aslebagh Roshanak , Shaffer Scott A. , Gygi Steven P. , Blurton‐Jones Mathew , Poon Wayne W. , Ikezu Tsuneya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn neurodegenerative diseases, extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer pathogenic molecules and are consequently involved in disease progression. We have investigated the proteomic profiles of EVs that were isolated from four different human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural cell types (excitatory neurons, astrocytes, microglia‐like cells, and oligodendrocyte‐like cells). Novel cell type‐specific EV protein markers were then identified for the excitatory neurons (ATP1A3, NCAM1), astrocytes (LRP1, ITGA6), microglia‐like cells (ITGAM, LCP1), and oligodendrocyte‐like cells (LAMP2, FTH1), as well as 16 pan‐EV marker candidates, including integrins and annexins. To further demonstrate how cell‐type‐specific EVs may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed protein co‐expression network analysis and conducted cell type assessments for the proteomes of brain‐derived EVs from the control, mild cognitive impairment, and AD cases. A protein module enriched in astrocyte‐specific EV markers was most significantly associated with the AD pathology and cognitive impairment, suggesting an important role in AD progression. The hub protein from this module, integrin‐β1 (ITGB1), was found to be significantly elevated in astrocyte‐specific EVs enriched from the total brain‐derived AD EVs and associated with the brain β‐amyloid and tau load in independent cohorts. Thus, our study provides a featured framework and rich resource for the future analyses of EV functions in neurodegenerative diseases in a cell type‐specific manner.
Booster vaccination strategy: Necessity, immunization objectives, immunization strategy, and safety
Authors: Meng Hanyan , Mao Jianhua , Ye Qing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAt present, the global COVID‐19 epidemic has not been completely controlled, and epidemic prevention and control still face severe challenges. As there is no specific treatment for COVID‐19, promoting roll‐out vaccinations and building herd immunity are still the most effective and economic measures to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the neutralizing antibody level in the recipients decreases with time, and the vaccine's protective efficacy gradually weakens. It is still inconclusive whether it is necessary to carry out booster vaccination to strengthen the immune barrier to infection. In this paper, we combined the existing data on the effectiveness and persistence of COVID‐19 vaccines. We found that it is necessary to carry out a booster vaccination strategy. However, not all subjects need to receive one more dose of vaccine 6 months after the initial immunization. Priority should be given to the high‐risk groups, such as the elderly and people with immunodeficiency. A heterologous booster can induce higher immune responses and enhance immune protection than homologous vaccinations. However, more scientific data and clinical studies are needed to verify the safety of heterologous vaccination strategies.
Angiotensin II infusion in COVID‐19: An international, multicenter, registry‐based study
Authors: Serpa Neto Ary , Landoni Giovanni , Ostermann Marlies , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Forni Lui , Alvarez‐Belon Lucas , Trapani Tony , Alliegro Patricia V. , Zacharowski Kai , Wiedenbeck Carolin , de Backer Daniel , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo expand our understanding of the role of angiotensin II (ANGII) in coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we conducted an international, multicenter registry study to assess the use of ANGII in patients with COVID‐19 compared to patients not receiving ANGII. Critically ill adult patients who were diagnosed with COVID‐19 and received ANGII were matched with COVID‐19 patients not receiving ANGII according to age, respiratory support, history of hypertension, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and/or ANGII receptor blocker, and date of admission. All outcomes were exploratory in nature and included improvement in oxygenation, duration of organ support, and mortality. In one year, 132 patients were included (65 in the ANGII group and 67 in the control group), and patients were comparable in baseline characteristics. During the first 12 h of infusion, patients in the ANGII had a faster decrease in FiO2 and maintained similar mean arterial pressure levels. Hospital mortality was not statistically significantly different between the groups (53.8% vs. 40.3%;p = 0.226). Within the limitations of such a study design, our findings confirm previous observations of a potentially positive effect of ANGII on blood pressure and FiO2but no effect on patient‐centered outcomes.
A prospective examination of health care costs associated with posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic status and symptom severity among veterans
Authors: Harper Kelly L. , Moshier Samantha , Ellickson‐Larew Stephanie , Andersen Martin S. , Wisco Blair E. , Mahoney Colin T. , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased health care costs; however, most studies exploring this association use PTSD diagnostic data in administrative records, which can contain inaccurate diagnostic information and be confounded by the quantity of service use. We used a diagnostic interview to determine PTSD diagnostic status and examined associations between PTSD symptom severity and health care costs and utilization, extracted from Veteran Health Administration (VHA) administrative databases. Using a nationwide longitudinal sample of U.S. veterans with and without PTSD (N = 1,377) enrolled in VHA health care, we determined the costs and utilization of mental health and non–mental health outpatient, pharmacy, and inpatient services for 1 year following cohort enrollment. Relative to veterans without PTSD, those with PTSD had higher total health care, B = 0.47; mental health clinic care, B = 0.72; non–mental health clinic care, B = 0.30; and pharmacy costs, B = 0.72, ps < .001. More severe PTSD symptoms were associated with mental health clinic care costs, B = 0.12; non–mental health clinic care costs, B = 0.27; and higher odds of inpatient, B = 0.63, and emergency service use, B = 0.39, p < .001–p = .012. These findings indicate that veterans’ PTSD status, determined by a clinician‐administered semistructured diagnostic interview, was associated with higher health care costs and increased use of mental health and non–mental health clinic services. The findings also suggest that more severe PTSD is associated with increased costs and utilization, including costly emergency and inpatient utilization.
The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war survivors: Insights from cross‐lagged panel network analyses
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Hellmann Jens H. , McNally Richard J. , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany war survivors suffer from chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unraveling the complexities of PTSD symptoms over time is crucial for understanding this condition. Going beyond a common pathogenic pathway perspective, we applied the network approach to psychopathology to analyze longitudinal data from war survivors with PTSD in five Balkan countries approximately 8 years after war in the region and a follow‐up assessment 1 year later (N = 698). PTSD diagnosis was established using the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Events Scale–Revised. Undirected cross‐sectional networks for baseline and follow‐up revealed no differences in the overall connectivity between these two networks. The intrusion symptom “I had waves of strong feelings about it” had the strongest expected influence centrality. Directed cross‐lagged panel network models indicated that hyperarousal symptoms predicted other PTSD symptoms from baseline to follow‐up, whereas several avoidance symptoms were predicted by other PTSD symptoms. The findings underscore the importance of emotional reactions and further suggest that hyperarousal symptoms may influence other PTSD symptoms. Future research should investigate causality and associations between between‐person and within‐person networks.
THE GREENHOUSE MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN
Authors: Lim Jenn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe author, co‐founder of the company Delivering Happiness, writes about “what it means to be human, happy, and alive in this unpredictable world.” Her company has “created happier company cultures, helping to build and inspire sustainable cultures in over four hundred companies globally.” She explains that in its evolution and adaption to changes in the world, the company uses a “greenhouse model” to “convey what it means to be scientifically happy and authentically whole.” She further explains that greenhouses “help stabilize ideal conditions so plants (and people) can grow, no matter what uncontrollable conditions are outside of it. We apply this concept to create these conditions within orgs that allow people to adapt, grow, and thrive.” She writes about necessary conditions under this model, such as Scientific Happiness, based on leverage of “perceived senses of control, progress, and connectedness,” and Adaptive Organizations, including four “conditions organizations need to endure in the Adaptive Age: alignment, belonging, accountability, and commitment.” Ultimately, she explains that “your impact ripples out to your COMMUNITY—your organization’s customers, clients, partners, vendors. Essentially, the entire ecosystem of people and entities you directly touch because of what you do at work.”
Self‐Healable and Recyclable Sulfur Rich Poly(vinyl chloride) by S–S Dynamic Bonding
Authors: Deliballi Zeynep , Demir‐Cakan Rezan , Kiskan Baris , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, a new approach to vulcanize commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at room temperature and in a relatively short time (4 h) by using elemental sulfur and an initiator such as Na2S.9H2O is reported. The obtained crosslinked polymer contains polysulfide linkages that facilitate recycling/self‐healing through dynamic S–S linkages. It is shown that PVC‐polysulfide networks could be reprocessed at 180 °C for three times. The thermal and spectral characterizations of the polymers before and after recycling are performed via FT‐IR, DSC, and TGA analyses. The potential use of the sulfur rich PVC‐polysulfide system as cathode material for Li‐S battery application is also investigated and the first discharge capacity is found to be around 610 mAh g−1 that later faded rapidly.
Knowledge‐based quality control of organ delineations in radiation therapy
Authors: Nourzadeh Hamidreza , Hui Cheukkai , Ahmad Mahmoud , Sadeghzadehyazdi Nasrin , Watkins William T. , Dutta Sunil W. , Alonso Clayton E. , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Siebers Jeffrey V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo reduce the likelihood of errors in organ delineations used for radiotherapy treatment planning, a knowledge‐based quality control (KBQC) system, which discriminates between valid and anomalous delineations is developed.Method and MaterialsThe KBQC is comprised of a group‐wise inference system and anomaly detection modules trained using historical priors from 296 locally advanced lung and prostate cancer patient computational tomographies (CTs). The inference system discriminates different organs based on shape, relational, and intensity features. For a given delineated image set, the inference system solves a combinatorial optimization problem that results in an organ group whose relational features follow those of the training set considering the posterior probabilities obtained from support vector machine (SVM), discriminant subspace ensemble (DSE), and artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers. These classifiers are trained on nonrelational features with a 10‐fold cross‐validation scheme. The anomaly detection module is a bank of ANN autoencoders, each corresponding with an organ, trained on nonrelational features. A heuristic rule detects anomalous organs that exceed predefined organ‐specific tolerances for the feature reconstruction error and the classifier's posterior probabilities. Independent data sets with anomalous delineations were used to test the overall performance of the KBQC system. The anomalous delineations were manually manipulated, computer‐generated, or propagated based on a transformation obtained by imperfect registrations. Both peer‐review–based scoring system and shape similarity coefficient (DSC) were used to label regions of interest (ROIs) as normal or anomalous in two independent test cohorts.ResultsThe accuracy of the classifiers was 99.8%, and the minimum per‐class F1‐scores were 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 for SVM, DSE, and ANN, respectively. The group‐wise inference system reduced the miss‐classification likelihood for the test data set with anomalous delineations compared to each individual classifier and a fused classifier that used the average posterior probability of all classifiers. For 15 independent locally advanced lung patients, the system detected 79% of the anomalous ROIs. For 1320 auto‐segmented abdominopelvic organs, the anomaly detection system identified anomalous delineations, which also had low Dice similarity coefficient values with respect to manually delineated organs in the training data set.ConclusionThe KBQC system detected anomalous delineations with superior accuracy compared to classification methods that judge only based on posterior probabilities.
Influence of small particle surface asperities on macro and micro mechanical behavior of granular material
Authors: Pan Jin‐Hong , Zhang Jian‐Min , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe shape of particles can have a great impact on the mechanical behavior of granular material, which is not only limited to general shape measures such as sphericity and roundness, but also applies for small scale measures such as surface asperities. In this study, triaxial tests on 3D printed particles and DEM tests show that small surface asperities on spherical particles can contribute significantly to the peak strength and dilatancy of granular material, which cannot be reflected by simply altering the traditional contact parameters in DEM. Using polydispersed particles with artificially designed surface asperities in the form of bumps for laboratory and DEM triaxial tests, both macro and micro scale behavior of granular material are analyzed to reveal the influence of these small surface asperities. The result shows that surface asperities can change the coordination number, anisotropy, and normal contact force on the micro scale, increasing the interlocking between particles and restricting particle rotation, which leads to the increase of peak strength and dilatancy on the macro scale. Although the commonly adopted approach of introducing rolling resistance to reflect shape influence can help to enhance the simulation of stress‐strain relationship, especially for particles with relatively small artificial asperities, the micro scale influence of rolling resistance and surface asperities are found to be different as the size of the asperities increase.
A non‐inherent parametric estimation for dynamical equivalence of flexible manipulators
Authors: Bastos Guaraci 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aims to develop a methodology for parametric estimation of flexible manipulators considering an equivalent underactuated manipulator with passive joints, which should allow better possibilities to control flexible systems when addressing challenging problems to reach a satisfactory tracking motion. Theoretically, this is achieved by a minimum number of internal dynamics variables needed for representing almost all dynamics of the system. The parametric estimation approach is based on the optimal control theory considering a robust, stable method. This methodology requires only measured/computed data that are system output. Validation occurs through a virtual plant of the flexible manipulator observing a numerical perspective. The systems studied have serial and parallel kinematics and are mounted on carts for more diverse applications and general possibilities of the methodology.
Potato tuber degradation is regulated by carbohydrate metabolism: Results of transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Jia Liguo , Hao Kai , Suyala Qiqige , Qin Yonglin , Yu Jing , Liu Kun , Fan Mingshou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTuber number is an essential factor determining yield and commodity in potato production. The initiation number has long been considered the sole determinant of the final total tuber number. In this study, we observed that tuber numbers at harvest were lower than at the tuber bulking stage; some formed tubers that were smaller than 3 cm degraded during development. Carbohydrate metabolism plays a crucial role in tuber degradation by coordinating the source–sink relationship. The contents of starch and sucrose, and the C:N ratio, are dramatically reduced in degradating tubers. Transcriptomic study showed that “carbohydrate metabolic processes” are Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with tuber degradation. A polysaccharide degradation‐related gene, LOC102601831, and a sugar transport gene, LOC102587850 (SWEET6a), are dramatically up‐regulated in degradating tubers according to transcriptomic analysis, as validated by qRT‐PCT. The terms “peptidase inhibitor activity” and “hydrolase activity” refer to the changes in molecular functions that degradating tubers exhibit. Nitrogen supplementation during potato development alleviates tuber degradation to a certain degree. This study provides novel insight into potato tuber development and possible management strategies for improving potato cultivation.
The effects of solvent nature and steric hindrance on the reactivity, mechanism and selectivity of the cationic imino‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction between cationic 2‐azadienes and arylpropene
Authors: Sadi Sabrina , Khorief Nacereddine Abdelmalek , Djerourou Abdelhafid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we have performed a computational study using the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) density functional theory (DFT) method of the solvent effects, the mechanism and the selectivity of the cationic imino‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction between in situ‐generated cationic 2‐azadienes and arylpropenes. This reaction proceeds via a stepwise mechanism, in which the first step is the rate determining, favouring kinetically and thermodynamically the formation of the cycloadduct generated frommeta‐exoapproach. Analysis of different solvent effects indicates that the low polar solvents are the best solvents for this kind of reaction. The global reactivity descriptors indicates that the dienimine1is a strong electrophile, whereas, ethylene2is a good nucleophile. The local reactivity descriptors explain the obtained experimentalmetaregioselectivity. The NCI analysis indicates the presence of different favourable non‐covalent interactions, while QTAIM analysis indicates that steric hindrance at themeta‐endoapproach is the origin for the experimentally observedmeta‐exostereoselectivity. The obtained results are in agreement with the experimental data.