bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signaling events that occur when cells ofEscherichia coliencounter a glass surface
Authors: Vrabioiu Alina M. , Berg Howard C. 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceMicrobial cells organized on solid surfaces are the most ancient form of biological communities. Yet how single cells interact with surfaces and integrate a variety of signals to establish a sessile lifestyle is poorly understood. We developed and used sensitive biosensors to determine the kinetics of second messengers’ responses to surface attachment. This allowed us to examine cell-by-cell variability of the initial signaling events and establish that some of these events depend on flagellar motor function while others do not. Environmentally determined factors, like the energetic status of the cell, can modulate all signaling events. The complex interplay between the surface interaction inputs and external conditions can now be studied using our system.
Testing fractional doses of COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Więcek Witold , Ahuja Amrita , Chaudhuri Esha , Kremer Michael , Simoes Gomes Alexandre , Snyder Christopher M. , Tabarrok Alex , Tan Brandon Joel 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Switching to fractional doses could dramatically accelerate vaccination, and clinical evidence suggests that fractional doses of COVID-19 vaccines could be highly effective. However, there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of fractional doses. In this paper, we present the existing evidence and use epidemiological models to quantify benefits under various scenarios. We argue for more experimental or observational data to be collected urgently. Because switching to fractional dosing could dramatically accelerate vaccination, the potential benefits of further testing of fractional doses far outweigh the costs.
Partitive sharing – How to help in Kinande
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina , Schneider-Zioga Patricia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines a structure in the Bantu language Kinande, namely the so-called sociative causative, where partitive morphology occurs on a nominal without giving the nominal an NP-related partitive interpretation. We argue that the source of the partitivity in this construction lies in the co-extensiveness relation (incrementality relation) between the causing and the caused subevent. Partitive morphology on the nominal signals obligatory licensing of the theme so that it can be properly mapped to the co-extensive subevents.
Contested paths
Authors: Richardson Peter , Mueller Charles M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent studies of metaphor usage (e.g.,Cameron, 2011;Semino et al., 2013) have shifted focus from relatively static mappings between source and target domains towards an emphasis on how metaphors are appropriated and recontextualized across different genres to convey new meanings and serve new functions. More recently, this emphasis has begun to be applied to the study of metaphor usage in religious discourse (Pihlaja, 2014;Richardson, 2017;Richardson et al., 2021). The current article investigates how metaphors of movement are used in conjunction with metonymy, force dynamics, and conceptual blending to create particular rhetorical effects in a debate between the atheist Richard Dawkins and the Christian apologist John Lennox. It demonstrates how previous figurative language is expanded and reconfigured during the course of the debate in an attempt to establish situated, dominant conceptualizations.
Effects of low load exercise with and without blood‐flow restriction on microvascular oxygenation, muscle excitability and perceived pain
Authors: Kolind Mikkel I. , Gam Søren , Phillip Jeppe G. , Pareja‐Blanco Fernando , Olsen Henrik B. , Gao Ying , Søgaard Karen , Nielsen Jakob L. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper aimed to examine the acute effect of low‐load (LL) exercise with blood‐flow restriction (LL‐BFR) on microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability of the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles during a single bout of unilateral knee extension exercise performed to task failure. Seventeen healthy recreationally resistance‐trained males were enrolled in a within‐group randomized cross‐over study design. Participants performed one set of unilateral knee extensions at 20% of one‐repetition maximum (1RM) to task failure, using a LL‐BFR or LL free‐flow (LL‐FF) protocol in a randomized order on separate days. Changes in microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability in VL and VM were assessed using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and surface electromyography (sEMG), respectively. Pain measures were collected using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and following set completion. Within‐ and between‐ protocol comparisons were performed at multiple time points of set completion for each muscle. During LL‐BFR, participants performed 43% fewer repetitions and reported feeling more pain compared to LL‐FF (p<0.05). Normalized to time to task failure, LL‐BFR and LL‐FF generally demonstrated similar progression in microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability during exercise to task failure. The present results demonstrate that LL‐BFR accelerates time to task failure, compared with LL‐FF, resulting in a lower dose of mechanical work to elicit similar levels of oxygenation, blood‐pooling, and muscle excitability. LL‐BFR may be preferable to LL‐FF in clinical settings where high workloads are contraindicated, although increased pain experienced during BFR may limit its application.Highlights
Compared to free flow (FF), neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms are accelerated during blood flow restricted (BFR) training. This can be observed as changes in microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability occurring at a ∼43% faster mean rate during BFR compared to FF.
BFR exercise seems to elicit the same level of neuromuscular fatigue as FF training within a shorter timeframe. This reduces total joint load and may be especially helpful in cases where high training volumes may be contraindicated (e.g. recovering from a sports injury or orthopedic surgery).
Non-Maxwell–Boltzmann dependence of channel carrier concentration in a quasi one dimensional charge density wave channel in the ballistic transport regime
Authors: Biswas Saumya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the aid of a coherent transport model utilizing the non-equilibrium Green function approach, a three terminal device with metallic gate, source and drain and a quasi one dimensional charge density wave (CDW) channel is simulated focussing on the transistor behaviour brought about by a sweep of the channel potential or equivalently the chemical potential in the channel. The channel is strongly insulating only at half-filling and moving to lower and higher carrier concentrations both incur a mean field phase transition to a conducting state. With the aid of conductance calculations for a pinned CDW condensate, we present calculations for the sub-threshold slope in terms of the hopping parameter or equivalently the width of the tight-binding chain. The effects of source to drain bias and length are examined. The conductance profiles are analyed in relation to transmission profiles. The observed CDW profiles are explained in terms of filling and Fermi surface nesting. Boundary conditions, gap equations and response functions are shown to reveal the commensurability conditions and size of the transport gap. The channel carrier concentration is modulated in an athermal (non-Maxwellian–Boltzmann) fashion, thereby making it an interesting prospect for steep transistors.
Plant based radioprotectors as an adjunct to radiotherapy: advantages and limitations
Authors: Wickramasinghe Jivendra S , Udagama Preethi V , Dissanayaka Vajira H W , Weerasooriya Aruna D , Goonasekera Hemali W W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Radioprotectors are agents that have the potential to act against radiation damage to cells. These are equally invaluable in radiation protection, both in intentional and unintentional radiation exposure. It is however, complex to use a universal radioprotector that could be beneficial in diverse contexts such as in radiotherapy, nuclear accidents, and space travel, as each of these circumstances have unique requirements. In a clinical setting such as in radiotherapy, a radioprotector is used to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. The protective agent must act against radiation damage selectively in normal healthy cells while enhancing the radiation damage imparted on cancer cells. In the context of radiotherapy, plant-based compounds offer a more reliable solution over synthetic ones as the former are less expensive, less toxic, possess synergistic phytochemical activity, and are environmentally friendly. Phytochemicals with both radioprotective and anticancer properties may enhance the treatment efficacy by two-fold. Hence, plant based radioprotective agents offer a promising field to progress forward, and to expand the boundaries of radiation protection. This review is an account on radioprotective properties of phytochemicals and complications encountered in the development of the ideal radioprotector to be used as an adjunct in radiotherapy.
Optical design of a laser wavefront sensor applicable under strong diffraction effects by irreproducible microscale high-density plasma
Authors: Shimada Keitaro , Inada Yuki , Ishijima Ayumu , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accurate measurements of electron density in irreproducible microscale high-density plasmas are indispensable for improving laser processing and plasma processing technology because the dynamics of these plasmas are strongly influenced by their electron density. Because single-path laser wavefront sensors are capable of acquiring the two-dimensional electron density distribution with a single shot, the electron density of irreproducible millimeter-scale low-density plasmas has been measured by using such sensors. However, the strong diffraction effects caused by the irreproducible microscale high-density plasmas pose challenges for the measurement. In this study, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate a suitable optical configuration of single-path laser wavefront sensors for accurate measurements of irreproducible microscale high-density plasmas with minimal measurement errors. Our Fresnel diffraction-based numerical simulation indicates that the serious measurement errors caused by the strong diffraction effects can be significantly reduced through the use of relay lenses with high magnification and a short-wavelength laser source. In addition, we propose an alignment procedure for the optical setup to minimize the measurement errors and experimentally validated the procedure by measuring a laser wavefront shaped by a spatial light modulator. Finally, we applied the verified laser wavefront sensor to the measurement of a laser-induced plasma with a two-dimensional line-integrated electron density higher than 1 × 1021 m−2 in an approximately 40 × 50 μm region. This study provides a new strategy to rigorously analyze the dynamics of irreproducible microscale high-density plasmas using a laser wavefront sensor.
Sub-bandgap photoluminescence properties of multilayer h-BN-on-sapphire
Authors: Saha Shantanu , Chang Yu-Chen , Yang Tilo Hongwei , Rice Anthony , Ghosh Arnob , You Weicheng , Crawford Mary , Lu Ting-Hua , Lan Yann-Wen , Arafin Shamsul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials have garnered increasing attention due to its ability of hosting intrinsic quantum point defects. This paper presents a photoluminescence (PL) mapping study related to sub-bandgap-level emission in bulk-like multilayer h-BN films. Spatial PL intensity distributions were carefully analyzed with 500 nm spatial resolution in terms of zero phonon line (ZPL) and phonon sideband (PSB) emission-peaks and their linewidths, thereby identifying the potential quantum point defects within the films. Two types of ZPL and PSB emissions were confirmed from the point defects located at the non-edge and edge of the films. Our statistical PL data from the non-edge- and edge-areas of the sample consistently reveal broad and narrow emissions, respectively. The measured optical properties of these defects and the associated ZPL peak shift and line broadening as a function of temperature between 77° and 300° K are qualitatively and quantitatively explained. Moreover, an enhancement of the photostable PL emission by at least a factor of ×3 is observed when our pristine h-BN was irradiated with a 532 nm laser.
Time-dependent Duhamel renormalization method with multiple conservation and dissipation laws
Authors: Chandramouli Sathyanarayanan , Farhat Aseel , H Musslimani Ziad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The time dependent spectral renormalization (TDSR) method was introduced by Cole and Musslimani as a novel way to numerically solve initial boundary value problems. An important and novel aspect of the TDSR scheme is its ability to incorporate physics in the form of conservation laws or dissipation rate equations. However, the method was limited to include a single conserved or dissipative quantity. The present work significantly extends the computational features of the method with the (i) incorporation of multiple conservation laws and/or dissipation rate equations, (ii) ability to enforce versatile boundary conditions, and (iii) higher order time integration strategy. The TDSR method is applied on several prototypical evolution equations of physical significance. Examples include the Korteweg–de Vries, multi-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger and the Allen–Cahn equations.
Stochastic harmonic trapping of a Lévy walk: transport and first-passage dynamics under soft resetting strategies
Authors: Xu Pengbo , Zhou Tian , Metzler Ralf , Deng Weihua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
Investigation of TE and TM modes fields and injected electron dynamic in the plasma waveguide with Piet Hein cross section
Authors: Abrahimi M B , Abdoli-Arani A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a metallic waveguide with Piet Hein cross section filled by cold unmagnetized plasma. First by introducing a Piet Hein waveguide and considering a suitable approximation, wave equation as two differential equations are presented. Then electromagnetic fields for TM and TE modes in the Piet Hein waveguide filled plasma are analytically obtained and plotted. Using the boundary conditions in the Piet Hein plasma waveguide the dispersion relations for TM and TE modes are analytically derived and plotted. Electron dynamics in the fields associated with a transverse magnetic and electric wave propagating inside the considered Piet Hein plasma waveguide is investigated. The equations of electron motion in the considered Piet Hein plasma waveguide by fourth-order Runge Kutta method for TM and TE modes are solved. The motion path and kinetic energy of electron injected into the purposed configuration for two modes are graphically investigated.
Organoleptic analysis of saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina) fermented for feasibility raw material of making tempe
Authors: Damayanti A , Bahlawan Z A S , Putri R D A , Mahendra G A , Astuti L R , Triaji D H K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indonesia soybean imports reached 1.27 million tons in 2019 due to the low productivity of local soybean production, so that it is unable to keep pace with the public’s demand in terms of making tempe. Based on this fact, other locally produced raw materials are needed for making tempe. This study tested the feasibility of saga seeds as raw materials as substitution of soybean in terms of organoleptic properties. The method used in this research is a literature study and experimental manufacture of tempe saga with 3 variations of yeast (2, 4, and 6 grams) and 3 variations of time (12, 36, and 72 hours). Based on organoleptic analysis that have been done, this study showed the influence of yeast variation and time variation in texture, aroma, color, and millennium formed of tempe from saga seeds. This influence can occur because of the interaction between yeast and the content contained in saga seeds such as contenct of nutritional, antioxidants, and fibre. With the use of saga seeds as a tempe-making product, it is expected to increase the added value of local products to fulfil public demand for tempe.
Utilization of beverage cans waste as innovation of Balinese bride accessories in new normal era
Authors: Setyowati E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cans are non-organic wastes that are difficult to destroy and can pollute the environment. The solution in this new normal era is by recycling cans waste into innovative for Balinese bridal accessories so that they have aesthetic value and increase selling value. The objective of the study was to determine the engineering of the waste of beverage cans as an innovative Balinese bridal accessory. The research method used the experiment, observation, documentation, descriptive analysis with sensory tests and preference tests. The results of the validity showed that all products received a very valid criteria, the highest value was obtained by the flower cap accessories 95.8%, the lowest value obtained by the Puspolembo accessories and the Nagasastra bracelets 83.3%. The sensory test results showed that the eight products are very feasible and the two products are feasible with an average of 87.5%. The results of the preference test are the eight products in the very like category and the two products in the like category with an average of 86.3%. The Balinese bridal accessories from the waste of beverage cans showed that it’s feasible and need to be developed as home economic products for craft commodities.
Study of the distribution of lead (Pb) on mangrove roots (Rhizophora mucronata) and the utilization of mangrove roots as solid fuel
Authors: Kurniati Y , Prasetya F A , Rahmat A , Maghfirah N F , Khanifa T N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Industrial activities can produce valuable products as well as produce waste that can cause disturb and endanger survival of the living things. This research discusses distribution of lead (Pb) concentrations in Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots which was studied through diffusion equation model and utilizes the Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots as an alternative fuel. The production and testing of charcoal in this study used a simple household scale method by varying time of coking and testing of the gases resulting from charcoal containing harmful emission gases by the test method for survival experiment on insects. The result of this research is he finite difference method used in this study can poorly represent the process of lead absorption by mangrove roots as measured by a relatively high error. The lead concentration was distributed downwardly from root bark to center of the root and difference in distribution of lead concentration in each layer decreased from the first day to the thirtieth day. Solid fuel from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots according to or meet the standards of SNI 01-1682-1989, namely yield test value of 37.48%, moisture content test of 3.46%, test for the content of the volatile substance 25.87%, ash content test of 1.79%.
Service improvement of regional water company (PDAM) at Surakarta City
Authors: Diharto  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The regional water company (PDAM) Surakarta City is a regional company that serves drinking water needs for the people in Surakarta. In 2018, PDAM Surakarta City served 58871 customers and more than 5000 former customers. Illegal connections by former PDAM customers became one of the most dominant factors in the loss of commercial and non-physical water in PDAM Surakarta City. To reduce non-physical water leakage and improve services at PDAM Surakarta City, a study was conducted involving former PDAM customers with a total of 5000 respondents. The purpose of this study is to identify the water sources currently used by former PDAM customers and the reasons for the service discontinuation; identify the interest of former PDAM customers to reconnect; find indications of illegal connections by former customers of PDAM Surakarta City. A survey method was used with the mWater application and data analysis using SPSS. The results of the study explained the reasons for former PDAM customers to stop subscribing to the service because of the uncertainty of water flows, the poor water quality, the high water tariff, and the arrears of the customers. The former customers who are interested in reconnecting consist of 126 respondents. 2296 former customers who are demolished by invisible PDAM water lines, 84 respondents whose PDAM water meters are still installed, and 16 respondents there are former PDAM water line disconnections which are now connected to hoses/pipes, and as many as 500 respondents there are remnants of former PDAM demolition pipes. Based on the findings in the field, indications of illegal connections from 5000 respondents are strong indications as many as 5 respondents, moderate indications as many as 50 respondents, weak indications as many as 1125 respondents, and no indications as many as 3820 respondents.
Signal acquisition system based on wireless transmission for environmental sound monitoring system
Authors: Sulistyawan V N , Widhira S E , Fatin A , Salim N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In today’s technological era, the ability to access information through digital signals, especially voice, requires sophisticated and comprehensive applications that can convert physical signals into electrical signals. Its purpose is to assist humans in displaying and analysing structured and automated data obtained from tools with their unique set of features. In this study, we used signal data for different sounds, such as rock songs, birdsong, acoustic sounds, and conversational sounds. The data is checked using software and undergoes a data acquisition process. The results of the study are expected to reinforce that environmental sound processing is predicted to assist the development of more sophisticated automated monitoring systems capable of combining voice and visual data in a complementary way.