bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
uso del ciclo del juego como variable pedagógica en las tareas de entrenamiento en fútbol
Authors: Martín Barrero Alberto , Martínez Cabrera Francisco Ignacio 
Published: May 2022

The objective of this research is to know the effect that the introduction, in the design of tasks, of the complete game cycle (constant changes of attack-defense and defense-attack phases) causes on the kinematic behaviors of soccer players. Players (n=20) from an elite Spanish team were used (15.69 ± 1.14 years; 64.84 ± 6.04 kg. of weight; 1.71 ± 0.5 m. height). The different kinematic variables (relative total distance, relative accelerations, relative decelerations, relative player load, maximum speed and relative metabolic power) were compared in two types of tasks: a) task 1: with offensive phase and b) task 2: with offensive phase and defensive. The data showed that there were significant differences (p<.05) in all variables except relative decelerations and maximum speed. It can be concluded that use of training tasks where the attack and defense phases are carried out in a continuous manner increases the external load, being able to approximate more to the demands of the competition.
El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el efecto que provoca en los comportamientos cinemáticos de los jugadores de fútbol la introducción, en el diseño de tareas, del ciclo completo del juego (cambios constantes de cambios de fases ataque-defensa y defensa-ataque). Se utilizaron jugadores (n=20) de un equipo de élite español (15.69±1.14 años; 64.84±6.04 kg. de peso; 1.71±0.5 m. de altura). Se compararon las diferentes variables cinemáticas (distancia total relativa, aceleraciones relativas, desaceleraciones relativas, carga relativa del jugador, velocidad máxima y potencia metabólica relativa) en dos tipos de tareas: a) tarea 1: con fase ofensiva y b) tarea 2: con fase ofensiva y defensiva. Los datos mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas (p<.05) en todas las variables excepto en las desaceleraciones relativas y la velocidad máxima. Se puede concluir que el uso de tareas de entrenamiento donde se lleven a cabo fases de ataque y defensa incrementa la carga externa, aproximándose más a las demandas de la competición.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of two pulpal medicaments on pain and bleeding status of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis post-failure of inferior alveolar nerve block: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Singh Naomi Ranjan , Mishra Lora , Pawar Ajinkya M. , Kurniawati Nike , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin 
Published: May 2022

Background
Complete relief of pain due to irreversible pulpitis is challenging to obtain with analgesic medications. The high incidence of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) failure makes it difficult for practitioners to perform endodontic treatment without implementing other anesthetic techniques, especially mandibular molars. The aim of this study was to compare efficacies of two different quantities of paraformaldehyde based pulpal medicaments to relieve the pain and control hyperemic pulp post-failure of IANB and supplementary technique in patients experiencing this symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the permanent mandibular tooth.

Method
Eighty-two participants with severe pain pre-operatively (Heft Parker Visual Analogue Scale, VAS > 114 mm) were enrolled, and pain responses were recorded at different time intervals using the Heft Parker visual analogue scale. To the patients experiencing pain even after the administration of the standard IANB and supplemental intraligamentary injection, one of the two paraformaldehyde based pulpal medicaments was placed in the pulp chamber and sealed. Participants were recalled after 24–48 h (second visit) to assess pain and bleeding reduction.

Results
Results showed a significant decrease in pain severity and bleeding score post medicament placement (p < .05). Hence judicious use within a recommended period, pulpal medicaments can be considered safe.

Conclusion
Paraformaldehyde based pulpal medicament can be used as an alternative to manage pain in patients having severe irreversible pulpitis and hyperalgesia.
Tracing RNA viruses associated with Nudibranchia gastropods
Authors: Rosani Umberto 
Published: May 2022

Background
Nudibranchia is an under-studied taxonomic group of gastropods, including more than 3,000 species with colourful and extravagant body shapes and peculiar predatory and defensive strategies. Although symbiosis with bacteria has been reported, no data are available for the nudibranch microbiome nor regarding viruses possibly associated with these geographically widespread species.

Methods
Based on 47 available RNA sequencing datasets including more than two billion reads of 35 nudibranch species, a meta-transcriptome assembly was constructed. Taxonomic searches with DIAMOND, RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase identification with palmscan and viral hallmark genes identification by VirSorter2 in combination with CheckV were applied to identify genuine viral genomes, which were then annotated using CAT.

Results
A total of 20 viral genomes were identified as bona fide viruses, among 552 putative viral contigs resembling both RNA viruses of the Negarnaviricota, Pisuviricota, Kitrinoviricota phyla and actively transcribing DNA viruses of the Cossaviricota and Nucleocytoviricota phyla. The 20 commonly identified viruses showed similarity with RNA viruses identified in other RNA-seq experiments and can be putatively associated with bacteria, plant and arthropod hosts by co-occurence analysis. The RNA samples having the highest viral abundances showed a heterogenous and mostly sample-specific distribution of the identified viruses, suggesting that nudibranchs possess diversified and mostly unknown viral communities.
Nutritional Composition of Wheat, Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Unripe Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Flour Blends
Authors: Ogunlakin G. O. , Ajala F. O. , Olajire A. S. 
Published: May 2022

Aims: This research aimed at determining the chemical and nutritional properties of composite flour produced from wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain composite flour in order to explore its potentials in food formulation.
Study Design: The experiment followed a completely randomized design.
Methodology: Different formulations (86.67:6.67:6.67, 80:0:20 83.33:13.33:3.33, 90:10:0, 90:0:10, 93.33:3.33:3.33, 83.33:3.33:13.33, 80:10:10, 80:20:0 and 100:0:0) were obtained using optimal mixture design of response surface methodology from the blends of wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain. The proximate, mineral and vitamin contents were determined for the formulated samples. The results were further optimized using optimal design of response surface methodology.
Results: The values for moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy for the flour blends ranged 8.46-11.82%, 0.80-1.87%, 8.65-14.01%, 0.95-4.98%, 0.35-0.59%, 70.04-78.64% and 354.04-381.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. The values obtained for calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and iron of the flour blends ranged 26.60-29.95, 0.91-4.05, 1.62-2.01, 80.50-108.14 and 0.88-1.16 mg/100 g, respectively. The values obtained for vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and C of the flour blends ranged 150.36-160.60, 7.10-20.25, 6.04-23.92, 7.12-7.23, and 2.02-3.05 mg/100 g, respectively. The two optimum blends that gave overall best results using nutritional compositions as dependent variables were 80:12.68:7.32 and 80:13.21:6.79 (wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain).
Conclusion: The result of the proximate and nutritional content showed that the composite flour of wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain flour is a good source of ash, protein, fat, dietary fibre and carbohydrate and relevant in food application especially in the production of baked food products especially in developing countries.
Suppressing Effect of Conocarpus lancifolius Aqueous Extract on Cereal Germination Physiology
Authors: Hussain Iqtidar , Abbas Rashid 
Published: May 2022

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of Conocarpus lancifolius on cereal germination physiology in vitro environment at agronomic post graduate laboratory, faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KPK., Pakistan during the session 2021. The experimental design used was CRD with three replications. A control treatment was also included. By applying the water extract of C. lancifolius to cereal crops, namely wheat, oat, rice, millet, maize, and sorghum @ 25% (w/v) to check its allelopathic potential. The leaf water extract was applied at interval of 3 days for each treatment. The data obtained after 20 days showed that the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius effected differently for different crops. The effect of aqueous extract of C. lancifolius significantly enhance the germination count for all the cereal as compared to control. Similarly, the data recorded for plant tallness (cm) by the application of aqueous extract of C. lancifolius, the tallest plants were observed in oat, millet, and sorghum (14.6, 7.85 and 11.50 grams) respectively. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius reduced the plant height (cm) of all other cereals. Moreover, the data collected for shoot length (cm) indicated that the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius responded positively for improving the shoot length of oat as compared to control, while all other crops showed negative effect. The results further described that the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius proved to be effective in improving the root length of oat and sorghum. However, the data recorded for root length of maize were found like the control treatment and remain unaffected. Similarly, the regarded epicotyl length (cm) indicated that the application of aqueous extract of C. lancifolius responded positively in uplifting the epicotyl length (cm) of sorghum followed millet and oat having their epicotyl length 1.31, 1.16 and 1.1 (cm) respectively. However, the application of C. lancifolius aqueous extract adversely affected the count of leaves per plant, fresh and dry wight (gm) and chlorophyll content of all the crops studied.
Acute and Sub-Acute Evaluations of Parsonsia straminea Stem Bark Ethanol Extract Impact on Some Behavioral Parameters in Mice
Authors: Kemelayefa James , Kagbo Hope , Georgewill Udeme 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The plant Parsonsia straminea (P.S) have little or no ethnopharmacological records but local claims; as such its behavioral impact determination leads this study. The study team is poised at assessing the changes in behaviors such as: Motor coordination, anxiety, and depression in single dose and repetitive dose(s) exposure.
Methodology: Ethical consideration. The study proposal was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria and approval was given. Plant collection and crude drug extraction. The plant was sourced from the Wilberforce rain forest of Nigeria and herbarium identification number, NDUP/21/001 was given in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Niger Delta University, Nigeria. The collected plant was processed for ethanol extraction according to the method described by Trease and Evans. Design. The study was designed into single (acute) and repetitive (sub-acute) treatments/exposures in all study methods. The acute were administered via oral and intraperitoneal route to ascertain safety and possible onset difference. The acute treatment groups: group, 1(VEH), 2 (100 mg/kg), 3 (200 mg/kg), 4 (400 mg/kg), 5 (800 mg/kg), 6 (1000 mg/kg) doses and sub-acute treatment groups include group: 1 (VEH), 2 (50 mg/kg), 3 (100 mg/kg), 4 (200 mg/kg), 5 (400 mg/kg) and 6 (800 mg/kg) treatment for 15 days (n=5), motor coordination (open field test, cataleptic test), depression (light & dark box test), memory function test (B-maze) and sleeping time test was applied to both acute and sub-acute.
Results: Data from the P.S stem bark extract showed significant motor coordination, prevents sleep onset, and no depression potential in both acute and sub-acute treatments.
Conclusion: The P.S stem bark extract proves stable impact on the CNS as it is indicated in behaviors evaluated in the animal model. However, beside all that are stated above, the extract of P. Straminea stem bark suggests usefulness in control of narcolepsy, cataplexy and sleep paralysis symptoms.
Infants' preferences for approachers over repulsers shift between 4 and 8 months of age
Authors: Geraci Alessandra , Regolin Lucia , Simion Francesca , Surian Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite its adaptive value for social life, the emergence and the development of the ability to detect agents that cause aversive interactions and distinguish them from potentially affiliative agents (approachers) has not been investigated. We presented infants with a simple interaction involving two agents: one of them (the “repulser”) moved toward and pushed the other (the “approacher”) which reacted by simply moving toward the repulser without contacting it. We found that 8‐month‐olds (N = 28) looked longer at the approacher than at the repulser (Experiment 1), whereas 4‐month‐olds (N = 30) exhibited no preference (Experiment 2). To control for low‐level cues (such as the preference for the agent that moved after the contact), two new groups of 4‐ and 8‐month‐old infants were presented with a series of interactions in which the agents inverted their social roles. Older infants (N = 30) manifested no preference for either agent (Experiment 3), while younger infants (N = 30) looked longer at the first agent to move (Experiment 4). Our results indicated that 8‐month‐olds’ preferences for the approacher over the repulser depended on social information and were finely tuned to agents that display prosocial rather than antisocial behavior. We discuss these findings in light of the development and adaptive value of the ability to negatively evaluate repulsers, to avoid choosing them as partners.
3D Printed Stretchable Liquid Gallium Battery
Authors: Costa Guilherme , Lopes Pedro Alhais , Sanati Afsaneh L. , Silva André F. , Freitas Marta Calisto , de Almeida Anibal T. , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the rapid progress on soft and stretchable batteries, current fabrication techniques involve manual disposition and stencil/screen printing. Here, for the first time, a 3D‐printed Ag–Ga battery is introduced through subsequent printing of four sinter‐free composites: a stretchable Liquid Metal (LM) EGaIn‐Ag‐Styrene‐isoprene block copolymers (SIS), and Carbon‐SIS current collectors; Ag2O‐SIS cathode; and a novel Ga‐C‐SIS anode. Being sinter‐free results in faster printing, and compatibility with heat‐sensitive substrates. Although the Ga‐C‐SIS is solid‐like and nonsmearing after printing, it creates a liquid interface after contacting with the electrolyte. This results in a self‐feeding and self‐aggregation mechanism that brings more gallium to the surface and delays the formation of the dead surface. The record‐breaking areal capacity of ≈19.4 mAh cm−2, along with excellent stretchability (>130% Max. strain), makes the Ag–Ga battery an excellent alternative to Ag–Zn batteries. Surprisingly, digital printing results in 3x higher areal capacity compared to stencil printing, due to greater gallium exposure at the surface. The desired voltage and current output can be customized by printing several battery cells and interconnect them in series/parallel. Also, printing of sensors, electrodes, batteries, and interconnects on a biomonitoring e‐textile for simultaneous monitoring of electrocardiography, body temperature, and respiration is demonstrated.
Doping Compensation Enables High‐Detectivity Infrared Organic Photodiodes for Image Sensing
Authors: Song Yu , Zhong Zhiming , He Penghui , Yu Gang , Xue Qifan , Lan Linfeng , Huang Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfrared organic photodiodes have gained increasing attention due to their great application potentials in night vision, optical communication, and all‐weather imaging. However, the commonly occurring high dark current and low detectivity impede infrared photodetectors from portable applications at room temperature. Herein, an efficient and generic doping compensation strategy is developed to improve the detectivity of infrared organic photodiodes. A series of n‐type organic semiconductors is investigated, and it is found that doping compensation strategy not only reduces the trap density of states and dark currents, but also restrains the nonradiative recombination with improved charge transport and collection. As a result, an ultralow noise spectral density of 8 × 10−15 A Hz−1/2 as well as a high specific detectivity over 1013 Jones in 780–1070 nm is achieved at room temperature. More importantly, the high‐performance infrared organic photodiodes can be successfully applied in high‐pixel‐density image arrays without patterning sensing layers. These findings provide important compensation design insights that will be crucial to further improve the performance of infrared organic photodiodes in the future.
Bidirectional Origami Inspiring Versatile 3D Metasurface
Authors: Zheng Ruixuan , Pan Ruhao , Sun Chi , Du Shuo , Jin Aizi , Li Chensheng , Geng Guangzhou , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicro/nano origami is a fascinating 3D fabrication technology, showing a strong ability to control structural space degrees of freedom, but which are usually only able to achieve single‐direction origami and hence its controlling spatial orientation is still limited to a certain extent. Here, the bidirectional origami induced by focused ion beam irradiation is proposed to break through the freedom of structural space control and realize challenging 3D micro/nanofabrication. It is found that the FIB‐induced bidirectional deformation mainly relies on both materials and the ion doses, and the deformation degrees can be tuned by ion irradiated doses, which greatly contributes to construct large numbers of diverse 3D structures. Further, the underlying physics of FIB induced origami are discussed by Monte Carlo simulations along with experiments to reveal that the amounts of atoms sputtering determines the initial direction of deformation. This bidirectional origami exhibits unique capabilities in design and fabrication of versatile 3D metasurface devices. With this strategy, a 3D chiral metasurface composed of an array of bidirectional folded split ring resonators is achieved, showing a giant circular dichorism as high as 0.78/0.85 (Experiment/Simulation) in the mid‐infrared region. Such powerful bidirectional origami paves high efficiency approach to broaden 3D micro/nano photonics device.
Access to 5‐Substituted 3‐Aminofuran/Thiophene‐2‐Carboxylates from Bifunctional Alkynenitriles
Authors: Kumari Chandresh , Goswami Avijit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn atom‐economical approach for the synthesis of 3‐aminofurans/thiophenes via a conjugate addition of alcohols and thiols with electron withdrawing groups (EWGs) at α positions on alkynenitriles followed by a modified Thorpe‐Ziegler cyclization have been reported. This operationally simple protocol offers a rapid access to a library of 3‐aminofurans/thiophenes in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Catalyst‐Free Visible Light Mediated Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tertiary Arylphosphines
Authors: Bugaenko Dmitry I. , Karchava Alexander V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArylation of tertiary aryl and alkyl phosphines bearing 2‐cyanoethyl group with aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates under blue light irradiation followed by retro‐Michael reaction of the in situ generated quaternary phosphonium salts initiated by DBU represent a novel efficient and general method for the preparation of distinctly substituted tertiary arylphosphines. An operationally simple, one‐pot protocol features mild, transition‐metal‐free conditions, high selectivity, broad functional group compatibility, as well as scalability and would be applied to substrates with different electronic and steric nature.magnified image
The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics—A Review
Authors: Padmakumar Ananya , Koyande Navami Prabhakar , Rengan Aravind Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHitchhiking is a phenomenon of cruising on surfaces. Inspired by this process, biomimetic delivery systems leveraging the intrinsic ability of circulatory cells to target tumors exhibit considerable potential in cancer theranostics. Besides human circulatory cell‐mediated hitchhiking, bacteria‐driven hitchhiking strategies also manifest promise in cancer therapy. Such tactics are primarily built using nonpathogenic invasive bacteria with tumor homing capabilities. The chemotherapeutic cargos are hitchhiked onto the circulatory cells or bacterial spores for tumor‐targeted delivery. By integrating the benefits of such cells and therapeutic cargo, numerous efficient delivery systems that implement the notion of hitchhiking for cancer therapy are generated. Following an overview of several hitchhiking concepts, this article reviews various cellular and bacterial hitchhiking approaches for cancer treatment. Additionally, the challenges and prospects in the field of cancer theranostics related to hitchhiking are also discussed.
Optical genome mapping for structural variation analysis in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Smith Adam C. , Neveling Kornelia , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptical genome mapping (OGM) is a technology that is rapidly being adopted in clinical genetics laboratories for its ability to detect structural variation (e.g., translocations, inversions, deletions, duplications, etc.) and replace several concurrent standard of care techniques (karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and chromosomal microarray). OGM can dramatically simplify lab workflow by reducing multiple tests (conventional karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], and chromosomal microarray) into one test. The superior ability to detect structural variation across the genome removes the need for reflex FISH studies, which can dramatically reduce cost and turnaround time per sample. Parallel studies of OGM versus standard of care testing have demonstrated it can detect and resolve more abnormalities than karyotyping or FISH. However, like many molecular tests that normalize copy number it can have difficulty with non‐diploid karyotypes. This Test of the Month review will summarize how the technique works, review the strengths and weaknesses of OGM compared to standard of care techniques and illustrate how the technique is likely to change front line testing in many hematologic malignancies—including summarizing the clinical utility in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.