bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit Substance Abuse Identification and Practice Implementation in Appalachian and Non-Appalachian Counties
Authors: Zinn Caleb L. , Hopgood Daniel , Cronin Cory E. , Burns Ashlyn , Lenhart Margaret , Franz Berkeley 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
As substance use continues to be a public health crisis nationally, it disproportionately affects the Appalachian region.

Objectives:
Our research seeks to explore whether there is a greater substance use burden in Appalachia and whether that burden is being prioritized in local hospital systems' community health needs assessments (CHNAs) and implementation strategies (ISs).

Setting:
The setting for this study is the 13 states that are represented within the Appalachian region.

Participants:
This study examines CHNAs and ISs of a stratified random sample (n = 140) representing 20% of the hospital population within the identified states (those with counties within the Appalachian region). Each sampled hospital is labeled as Appalachian or non-Appalachian based on its county designation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Our main outcome measures were the percentage of hospitals listing substance abuse in their CHNAs, with comparisons between Appalachian and non-Appalachian subgroups, and percent addressing substance use in their ISs in Appalachia and non-Appalachia.

Design:
Community health needs assessments and ISs produced between the years 2018 and 2021 were gathered for each hospital within the sample; each document was then coded for the inclusion of substance use. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were employed to conduct the analysis and draw conclusions.

Results:
Although all non-Appalachian Counties that had substance use listed as a need within a CHNA correspondingly addressed that need in their ISs, only 75% of Appalachian counties that listed substance use a need went on to prioritize substance use in an IS. In addition, logistic regression indicated no significant link between overdose rates and addressing substance use.

Conclusions:
These findings further support other literature that suggests that lack of resources is limiting Appalachian health care organizations' ability to address substance use issues.
Practices Among Local Public Health Agencies to Support Evidence-Based Decision Making: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Allen Peg , Parks Renee G. , Kang Sarah J. , Dekker Debra , Jacob Rebekah R. , Mazzucca-Ragan Stephanie , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) capacity in local public health departments is foundational to meeting both organizational and individual competencies and fulfilling expanded roles. In addition to on-the-job training, organizational supports are needed to prepare staff; yet, less is known in this area. This qualitative study explores supportive management practices instituted as part of a training and technical assistance intervention.

Design:
This qualitative study used a semistructured interview guide to elicit participants' descriptions and perceptions via key informant interviews. Verbatim transcripts were coded and thematic analyses were conducted.

Setting:
Local public health departments in a US Midwestern state participated in the project.

Participants:
Seventeen middle managers and staff from 4 local health departments participated in remote, audio-recorded interviews.

Intervention:
Following delivery of a 3½-day in-person training, the study team met with health department leadership teams for department selection of supportive agency policies and procedures to revise or newly create. Periodic remote meetings included collaborative problem-solving, sharing of informational resources, and encouragement.

Main Outcome Measures:
Included management practices instituted to support EBDM and impact on day-to-day work as described by the interview participants.

Results:

Leadership and middle management practices deemed most helpful included dedicating staff; creating specific guidelines; setting expectations; and providing trainings, resources, and guidance. Health departments with a preexisting supportive organizational culture and climate were able to move more quickly and fully to integrate supportive management practices. Workforce development included creation of locally tailored overviews for all staff members and onboarding of new staff. Staff wanted additional hands-on skill-building trainings. Several worked with partners to incorporate evidence-based processes into community health improvement plans.

Conclusions:
Ongoing on-the-job experiential learning is needed to integrate EBDM principles into day-to-day public health practice. Management practices established by leadership teams and middle managers can create supportive work environments for EBDM integration.
Systemic therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: McDonald Jodie , O’Brien Jonathan , Kostos Louise , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Azad Arun A. , Murphy Declan , Chen Kenneth 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The landscape of metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has evolved rapidly in recent years with new data from landmark trials supporting upfront treatment intensification. The developments come not only on the fronts of systemic agents but also in area of therapy to primary tumour and metastases.

Recent findings
More recently, the ARASENS and PEACE trials have taken the concept of treatment intensification further by demonstrating survival benefit from combination of chemotherapy (docetaxel) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (abiraterone and darolutamide) in addition to backbone therapy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Intensification of treatment has also seen evidence supporting local therapy to the primary tumour with overall survival and biochemical recurrence-free survival although only evident in low volume synchronous metastases. There is emerging evidence for metastases-directed therapy as well with pooled data suggesting improved biochemical-free and ADT-free survival.

Summary
Robust clinical data has demonstrated survival benefits with treatment intensification and this should be the new standard of care. Subgroup analysis has highlighted the importance of tailoring mHSPC treatment for patients with high- and low-volume metastatic disease. However, defining the volume of disease is becoming increasingly controversial due to heterogeneity of trial patient populations and next generation molecular imaging.
Severely Reduced Kidney Function Assessed by a Single eGFR Determination at the Time of an Isolated Heart Transplant Does Not Predict Inevitable Posttransplant ESKD
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bonnell Levi N. , Thomas Christie P. 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Consensus guidelines advise simultaneous heart kidney transplantation (SHK) in heart candidates with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. We hypothesize that a significant fraction of such patients would not need an SHK, even though a graded increase in mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) would be seen with decrements in eGFR.

Methods.
United Network of Organ Sharing data for isolated heart transplants between 2000 and 2020 were divided into two groups based on eGFR at transplant (≤20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 21–29 mL/min/1.73 m2 ). The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcome was ESKD posttransplant. Cox regression and cumulative incidence competing risk methods were used to compare risk of mortality and ESKD.

Results.
There was no difference in mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.82 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.60-1.11, P = 0.21]) or ESKD (aHR 1.01 [95% CI: 0.49-2.09, P = 0.96]) between the two groups (≤20 versus 21–29). The overall incidence of ESKD for the entire cohort at 1, 5, and 10 y were 1.5%, 9.5%, and 20%.

Conclusions.
Although risk of ESKD is highest in heart candidates with an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, <10% of patients reach ESKD within 5 y‚ and most will recover significant renal function posttransplant. More refined selection criteria are required to identify candidates for SHK.
Divergent polo boxes in KKT2 and KKT3 initiate the kinetochore assembly cascade inTrypanosoma brucei
Authors: Ishii Midori , Ludzia Patryk , Marcianò Gabriele , Allen William , Nerusheva Olga O. , Akiyoshi Bungo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChromosome segregation requires assembly of the macromolecular kinetochore complex onto centromeric DNA. While most eukaryotes have canonical kinetochore proteins that are widely conserved among eukaryotes, evolutionarily divergent kinetoplastids have a unique set of kinetochore proteins. Little is known about the mechanism of kinetochore assembly in kinetoplastids. In this study, we have characterized two homologous kinetoplastid kinetochore proteins, KKT2 and KKT3, that constitutively localize at centromeres and promote the recruitment of other kinetochore proteins. KKT2 and KKT3 have three domains that are highly conserved among kinetoplastids: an N-terminal kinase domain of unknown function, the centromere localization domain in the middle, and the C-terminal domain that has weak similarity to polo boxes of Polo-like kinases. We show that the kinase activity of KKT2 is essential for accurate chromosome segregation, while that of KKT3 is dispensable for cell growth in the procyclic form ofTrypanosoma brucei. Crystal structures of their divergent polo boxes reveal differences between KKT2 and KKT3. We also show that the divergent polo boxes of KKT3 are sufficient to recruit KKT2 inT. brucei. Furthermore, we identify the C-terminal domain of KKT1 as a direct interaction partner for the divergent polo boxes of KKT2, but not KKT3. KKT6 is found to interact with KKT1. These results show that KKT2 and KKT3 recruit downstream kinetochore proteins by direct protein-protein interactions using their divergent polo boxes.
Risk of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination—A Nationwide Study
Authors: Su Wei-Ju , Liu Yu-Lun , Chang Chia-Hsuin , Lin Yen-Ching , Huang Wei-I , Wu Li-Chiu , Chen Shu-Fong , Lin Yu-Sheng , Hsieh Yee-Lin , Yang Chiao-An , Lin Chiu-Hsiang , Chan Kim-Wei Arnold , Lee Ping-Ing , Chuang Jen-Hsiang , Yang Chin-Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn extended interval between the two primary doses may reduce the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Taiwan has implemented a two-dose regimen with a 12-week interval for adolescents. Here we present nationwide data of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination-associated myocarditis and pericarditis in Taiwan.MethodsData on adverse events of myocarditis/pericarditis were from the Taiwan Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System between March 22, 2021, and February 9, 2022. The rates according to sex, age, and vaccine type were calculated. We investigated the reporting rates among young individuals under different two-dose intervals and among those who received two doses of different vaccines.ResultsAmong 204 cases who met the case definition of myocarditis/pericarditis, 75 cases occurred after the first dose and 129 after the second. The reporting rate of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination varied across sex and age groups and was highest after the second dose in males aged 12–17 years (126.79 cases per million vaccinees) for the BNT162b2 vaccine and in males aged 18–24 years (93.84 cases per million vaccinees) for the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The data did not suggest an association between longer between-dose interval and lower rate of myocarditis/pericarditis among males and females aged 18–24 or 25–29 years who received two doses of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. Rates of myocarditis/pericarditis in males and females aged 18–49 years after receiving ChAdOx1-S - mRNA-1273 vaccination was significantly higher than after ChAdOx1-S - ChAdOx1-S vaccination.ConclusionsMyocarditis and pericarditis are rare following mRNA vaccination, with higher risk occurring in young males after the second dose.
A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies new genetic loci associated with all-cause and vascular dementia
Authors: Fongang Bernard , Sargurupremraj Muralidharan , Jian Xueqiu , Mishra Aniket , Damotte Vincent , Bis Joshua C , Kang-Hsien Fan , Li Gloria , Yang Jingyun , Hilal Saima , Knol M.J. , Concas Maria Pina , Giorgia Girotto , Riaz Moeen , Guðjónsson Alexander , Lacaze Paul , Naj Adam C , van der Lee Sven J. , Goss Monica , Ngouongo Yannick W. , Skrobot Olivia , Guðnason Vilmundur , Launer Lenore , Lopez Oscar , Haan Mary , Bosnes Ingunn , Dufouil Carole , Ganguli Mary , Cheung Ching-Lung , Bennett David A , Chen Christopher , Ilyas Kamboh M. , Satizabal Claudia , Ikram Arfan M. , Debette Stephanie , Fornage Myriam , Qiong Yang , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Winsvold Bendik , Kehoe Patrick G. , Ruiz Agustin , Lambert Jean-Charles , Weinstein Galit , Seshadri Sudha ,   the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE)
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDementia is multifactorial with Alzheimer (AD) and vascular (VaD) pathologies making the largest contributions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 70 genetic risk loci for AD but the genomic determinants of other dementias, including VaD remain understudied. We hypothesize that common forms of dementia will share genetic risk factors and conducted the largest GWAS to date of “all-cause dementia” (ACD) and examined the genetic overlap with VaD. Our dataset includes 809,299 individuals from European, African, Asian, and Hispanic ancestries with 46,902 and 8,702 cases of ACD and VaD, respectively. We replicated known AD loci at genome-wide significance for both ACD and VaD and conducted bioinformatic analyses to prioritize genes that are likely functionally relevant, and shared with closely related traits and risk factors. For ACD, novel loci identified were associated with energy transport (SEMA4D), neuronal excitability (ANO3), amyloid deposition in the brain (RBFOX1), and MRI markers of small vessel disease (HBEGF). Novel VaD loci were associated with hypertension, diabetes, and neuron maintenance (SPRY2, FOXA2, AJAP1, andPSMA3). Our study identified genetic risks underlying all-cause dementia, demonstrating overlap with neurodegenerative processes, vascular risk factors (Type-II diabetes, blood pressure, lipid) and cerebral small vessel disease. These novel insights could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for all dementias.
The influence of river discharge on gravel bar hyporheic microbial community structure and putative metabolic functions
Authors: Doloiras-Laraño Arnelyn D. , Serrana Joeselle M. , Takahashi Shinji , Takemon Yasuhiro , Watanabe Kozo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobial communities in the hyporheic zone (HZ) are important in self-purification as the riverbed is metabolically active and responsible for the retention, storage and mineralisation of organic matter transported to the surface water. However, studies exploring HZ microbial community responses to disturbances (e.g. floods) remain scarce.Here, we characterised the microbial community structure among the three (downwelling, upwelling and intermediate) HZ points within and among gravel bars at high and low discharge levels in a dam-regulated river using 16S rRNA metabarcoding.We observed significant dissimilarity in the microbial community at low discharge exhibiting local adaptation due to gravel bar spatial environmental heterogeneity. Moreover, the homogenisation effect resulted in similar microbial community structures among the three points within the gravel bars at high discharge. Microbial communities across adjacent gravel bars were dissimilar, potentially attributing to different bar morphologies.Our study highlights the role of spatial environmental heterogeneity in the biological processes that govern microbial community structure at three hyporheic points in gravel bars at two discharge levels.Our results are essential to understand the HZ microbial communities’ response to the river discharge levels.
Effects of the Automatic Self-Transcending Meditation on cognition and mental states in the EEG, skin conductance and behavioral performance: a pilot study
Authors: Galdino Lucas , Silva Gabriella Medeiros , Bonifácio Thiago A. S. , dos Santos Natanael Antonio , Orme-Johnson David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the immediate effects of Automatic Self-Transcending (AST) meditation on the cognitive function, EEG activity and autonomic arousal (Study 1) and characterize the frontal EEG synchrony during resting state, cognitive activity and AST mental states in traditional and wireless EEG’s (Study 2). We report the results of three healthy AST meditation volunteers in this case-report study (Case 1 - age = 26 years, meditative practice time = 2 months; Case 2 - age = 39 years, meditative practice time = 6 years; Case 3 - age = 59 years, meditative practice time = 40 years). In study 1, the volunteers performed a protocol with simultaneous recording of EEG and skin conductance while performing the Stroop test (T0), followed by 20 minutes of AST meditation and immediately the same protocol performed at T0 (T1). We analyzed P300 amplitude and latency, as well as test behavioral response and skin conductance activity before and immediately after a single session of AST. In study 2, the same volunteers performed three tasks with eyes closed on two EEG equipment (traditional and wireless): resting state, cognitive activity and one session of AST, each for 20 minutes. We measured the frontal interhemispheric coherence of alpha1 (8-10 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) for each condition and EEG type. Our main findings show that there is an immediate beneficial effect after AST meditation at the level of the same individual with different patterns of P300 and skin conductance activity and that AST meditation is marked by an overall increase in the frontal coherence of alpha1 and beta bands, when compared to other mental states. We conclude that 1) there is an immediate effect on cognition and executive control after AST meditation, 2) the frontal interhemispheric coherence of alpha1 and beta bands are increased during AST, and 3) wireless EEG exhibits the same characteristics observed in traditional EEG and therefore can be used to describe cortical dynamics during AST.
Multiple-trait subsampling for optimized ancestral trait reconstruction
Authors: Li Xingguang , Trovão Nídia S. , Wertheim Joel O. , Baele Guy , de Bernardi Schneider Adriano 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTLarge datasets along with sampling bias represent a challenge for phylodynamic reconstructions, particularly when the study data are obtained from various heterogeneous sources and/or through convenience sampling. In this study, we evaluate the presence of unbalanced sampled distribution by collection date, location, and risk group of HIV-1 subtype C using a compre-hensive subsampling strategy, and assess their impact on the reconstruction of the viral spatial and risk group dynamics using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our study shows that the most suitable dataset for ancestral trait reconstruction can be obtained through subsampling by collection date, location, and risk group, particularly using multigene datasets. We also demonstrate that sampling bias is inflated when considerable information for a given trait is unavailable or of poor quality, as we observed for the risk group in the analysis of HIV-1 subtype C. In conclusion, we suggest that, even if traits are not well recorded, including them deliberately optimizes the representativeness of the original dataset rather than completely excluding them. Therefore, we advise the inclusion of as many traits as possible with the aid of subsampling approaches in order to optimize the dataset for phylodynamic analysis while reducing the computational burden. This will benefit research communities investigating the evolutionary and spatiotemporal patterns of infectious diseases.
Allee effects mediate the impact of land-use change on the thermal niche of social species
Authors: Chan Shih-Fan , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Wang Tsung-Wei , Chen Ying-Yu , Chen I-Ching , Ni Dong-Zheng , Shih Wei-Kai , Shen Sheng-Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLand-use change not only affects habitat availability, it can also reduce population density and limit opportunities for interactions with conspecifics, further influencing species resilience to environmental challenges. For social species whose conspecific interactions are typically cooperative in nature, little is known about how land-use change influences demography and social behavior, and how this interaction impacts a species’ climatic niche. Here, we develop a spatially explicit, individual-based model to explore how land-use changes influence population size and niche width in social organisms through the Allee effect, the positive impact of higher population density on individual fitness. We then empirically test key model predictions by studying the distribution and cooperative behavior of burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis) along elevational gradients in Taiwan. In support of our model predictions, we find that beetle densities are lower in areas of greater land-use change, making it harder for individuals in these hotter environments to form cooperative groups to compete against blowflies, their primary interspecific competitor. Consequently, the beetles’ lower distributional boundary is higher in areas with greater land-use change, indicating that the beetles’ thermal niche is reduced via Allee effects in human-altered landscapes. Ultimately, land-use change not only reduces habitat availability, it also shrinks the thermal niche of social species, making them more vulnerable to climate change.
Enriching Biomedical Knowledge for Low-resource Language Through Translation
Authors: Phan Long , Dang Tai , Tran Hieu , Phan Vy , Chau Lam D. , Trinh Trieu H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiomedical data and benchmarks are highly valuable yet very limited in low-resource languages other than English such as Vietnamese. In this paper, we make use of a state-of-theart translation model in English-Vietnamese to translate and produce both pretrained as well as supervised data in the biomedical domains. Thanks to such large-scale translation, we introduce ViPubmedT5, a pretrained Encoder-Decoder Transformer model trained on 20 million translated abstracts from the high-quality public PubMed corpus. ViPubMedT5 demonstrates state-of-the-art results on two different biomedical benchmarks in summarization and acronym disambiguation. Further, we release ViMedNLI a new NLP task in Vietnamese translated from MedNLI using the recently public En-vi translation model and carefully refined by human experts, with evaluations of existing methods against ViPubmedT5.