bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencing factors and prediction methods of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer based on logistic regression analysis
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Xu Chang , Xing Chengyan , Chen Mingwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLogistic regression analysis has widespread applications in clinical disease diagnosis, but it has not yet been applied to assess the acceptance of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. A prediction model was established to investigate the influencing factors of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer patients in order to provide useful information for clinicians to develop targeted and effective treatment. A sample was admitted of lung cancer patients to Binzhou Medical University Hospital stays from January 2020 to June 2021. After investigating doctors, nurses, patients, managers and conducting expert demonstration, the questionnaire was formed. The questionnaire was filled out by the patient or the patient's family members. The factors in the questionnaire data of patients accepting and not accepting radiotherapy and chemotherapy were compared for univariate analysis, and the significantly different single factor were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression analysis, explored the influencing factors of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer patients established a predictive model and drew the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). The factors of two groups had statistically significant differences or no statistically significant differences. After multifactor logistic regression analysis was conducted, own personality, self-care ability, disease course classification, own attitude towards disease treatment, and family attitude towards disease treatment were included in the influencing factors of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Then, a predictive model was established. The area under the ROC curve of the predicted model was 0.973, the 95% confidence interval was 0.952–0.995, the optimal critical value was 0.832, the sensitivity was 91.84%, the specificity was 89.09%, and the accuracy was 90.85%. Based on logistic regression analysis, the prediction model could predict the extent of accepting radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Understanding the factors related to patients with lung cancer accepting radiotherapy and chemotherapy could provide useful information for the targeted and effective treatment by clinicians.
Role of cardiac mitofusins in cardiac conduction following simulated ischemia–reperfusion
Authors: Kwek Xiu-Yi , Hall Andrew R. , Lim Wei-Wen , Katwadi Khairunnisa , Soong Poh Loong , Grishina Elina , Lin Kun-Han , Crespo-Avilan Gustavo , Yap En Ping , Ismail Nur Izzah , Chinda Kroekkiat , Chung Ying Ying , Wei Heming , Shim Winston , Montaigne David , Tinker Andrew , Ong Sang-Bing , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction induced by acute cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR), may increase susceptibility to arrhythmias by perturbing energetics, oxidative stress production and calcium homeostasis. Although changes in mitochondrial morphology are known to impact on mitochondrial function, their role in cardiac arrhythmogenesis is not known. To assess action potential duration (APD) in cardiomyocytes from the Mitofusins-1/2 (Mfn1/Mfn2)-double-knockout (Mfn-DKO) compared to wild-type (WT) mice, optical-electrophysiology was conducted. To measure conduction velocity (CV) in atrial and ventricular tissue from the Mfn-DKO and WT mice, at both baseline and following simulated acute IR, multi-electrode array (MEA) was employed. Intracellular localization of connexin-43 (Cx43) at baseline was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, while Cx-43 phosphorylation was assessed by Western-blotting. Mfn-DKO cardiomyocytes demonstrated an increased APD. At baseline, CV was significantly lower in the left ventricle of the Mfn-DKO mice. CV decreased with simulated-ischemia and returned to baseline levels during simulated-reperfusion in WT but not in atria of Mfn-DKO mice. Mfn-DKO hearts displayed increased Cx43 lateralization, although phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser-368 did not differ. In summary, Mfn-DKO mice have increased APD and reduced CV at baseline and impaired alterations in CV following cardiac IR. These findings were associated with increased Cx43 lateralization, suggesting that the mitofusins may impact on post-MI cardiac-arrhythmogenesis.
Social dilemma in the excess use of antimicrobials incurring antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Ito Hiromu , Wada Takayuki , Ichinose Genki , Tanimoto Jun , Yoshimura Jin , Yamamoto Taro , Morita Satoru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) caused by the excess use of antimicrobials has come to be recognized as a global threat to public health. There is a ‘tragedy of the commons’ type social dilemma behind this excess use of antimicrobials, which should be recognized by all stakeholders. To address this global threat, we thus surveyed eight countries/areas to determine whether people recognize this dilemma and showed that although more than half of the population pays little, if any, attention to it, almost 20% recognize this social dilemma, and 15–30% of those have a positive attitude toward solving that dilemma. We suspect that increasing individual awareness of this social dilemma contributes to decreasing the frequency of AMR emergencies.
Broad host range may be a key to long-term persistence of bacteriophages infecting intestinal Bacteroidaceae species
Authors: Hedžet Stina , Rupnik Maja , Accetto Tomaž 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe longitudinal studies have found that the human gut microbiota is stable over time with some major bacterial lineages or even strains persisting for years. This was recently extended to gut bacteriophages using the metagenomic data. Here, we focused on cultivation of the major Bacteroidetes of human gut, the Bacteroides and Phocaeicola strains, and their bacteriophages from two healthy donors. The persistence of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola species and strains was confirmed. We isolated 28 genetically different phages grouped into seven distinct clusters, two of these were new. Moreover, the bacteriophages from several groups, although being genetically quite homogeneous, had the ability to infect the strains belonging to different species isolated from several sampling time-points and different donors. We propose that the ability to infect several host species, which differ in their nutritional niches, may promote long-term persistence of dominant gut bacteriophage groups.
Overexpression of the AGL42 gene in cotton delayed leaf senescence through downregulation of NAC transcription factors
Authors: Latif Ayesha , Azam Saira , Shahid Naila , Javed Muhammad R. , Haider Zeshan , Yasmeen Aneela , Sadaqat Sahar , Shad Mohsin , Husnain Tayyab , Rao Abdul Q. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPremature leaf senescence negatively influences the physiology and yield of cotton plants. The conserved IDLNL sequence in the C-terminal region of AGL42 MADS-box determines its repressor potential for the down regulation of senescence-related genes. To determine the delay in premature leaf senescence, Arabidopsis AGL42 gene was overexpressed in cotton plants. The absolute quantification of transgenic cotton plants revealed higher mRNA expression of AGL42 compared to that of the non-transgenic control. The spatial expression of GUS fused with AGL42 and the mRNA level was highest in the petals, abscission zone (flower and bud), 8 days post anthesis (DPA) fiber, fresh mature leaves, and senescenced leaves. The mRNA levels of different NAC senescence-promoting genes were significantly downregulated in AGL42 transgenic cotton lines than those in the non-transgenic control. The photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were higher in AGL42 transgenic cotton lines than those in the non-transgenic control. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of the AG3 transgenic cotton line revealed a fluorescent signal on chromosome 1 in the hemizygous form. Moreover, the average number of bolls in the transgenic cotton lines was significantly higher than that in the non-transgenic control because of the higher retention of floral buds and squares, which has the potential to improve cotton fiber yield.
Hand function following accidental automatic animal syringe injector injuries
Authors: Rubin Guy , Feldman Guy , Shtawe Shtawe , Rozen Nimrod 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccidental self-injection injury is a common occurrence among veterinary and farm workers handling automatic syringe injectors. Most of the time, these injuries are asymptomatic or cause self-resolving mild symptoms, but these injuries may lead to significant morbidity. The aim of the study was to evaluate hand function after inadvertent injection of a poultry influenza or cholera vaccine in patients admitted to our department with infection. We retrospectively gathered data from admission to last follow-up. Functional assessment and physical exam of the hand were done at each stage by either an orthopedic resident or a fellowship-trained hand surgeon. The exam included evaluation of sensation using monofilament, joint range of motion using a goniometer, and a Quick DASH questionnaire. The study included 21 patients, all men, with a mean age of 33.4 years (range 23–44). Of the 21 patients only eight had attended all follow-ups. All patients had injury to the non-dominant hand. Seventeen of 21 of the cases had finger injuries, out of which 11 involved the thumb. The mean hospitalization time was 3.75 days (1–10). Of the 21 patients, seven underwent surgery to drain a collection during hospitalization. Seven out of eight patients had lowest disability scores on Quick Dash questionnaire. Three out of eight patients lost superficial sensation at the tip of the finger. The largest loss of range of motion was found in the distal interphalangeal joint in the finger or interphalangeal joint in the thumb, especially following surgical drainage. Of the eight patients presenting for follow-up, most had returned to the same job. Hand function was normal, as expressed in a DASH questionnaire. Sensory examination demonstrated that the sensation was almost unaffected over the injured finger. Range of motion of the joint closest to the injection site was usually the most impaired. Patients who underwent surgical drainage had a reduced range of motion.
Energy absorption characteristics of E-glass/epoxy over-wrapped aluminum pipes with induced holes: an experimental research
Authors: El-baky Marwa A. Abd , Allah Mahmoud M. Awd , kamel Madeha , Abd-Elaziem Walaa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of inducing circular holes into aluminum wrapped with glass/epoxy (Al/GFRP) pipes was investigated. Intact and holed specimens were evaluated in quasi-static axial compression after being constructed using the wet wrapping procedure. The effect of the induced holes' parameters i.e., hole diameter (d), number of holes (n), the hole position to specimen height ratio (L/H), on the crashworthiness of Al/GFRP structures was investigated. Results indicated that the existence of the cutouts visibly affects the values of crushing parameters. Increasing (d) remarkably reduces the total absorbed energy (U) and enhances the crushing force efficiency (CFE) of Al/GFRP pipes. Introducing two holes in two opposite faces with keeping their location constant reduces initial peak crush force $${(\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{ip}})$$

(
F

ip

)

, mean crush force $${(\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{m}})$$

(
F

m

)

, and U of Al/GFRP pipes but increases CFE. As the hole location goes to the lower edge of the pipe i.e., L/H increases, U obviously increases. The specimens with 4 mm holes in one side at medium height and specimens with 12 mm holes on one side at L/H = 0.8 had the best crushing parameters, respectively. The adequate design of the induced cutouts in thin-walled constructions is valuable to enhance the crashworthy performance of engineering structures.
Influence of iron ore properties on dioxin emissions during iron ore sintering
Authors: Zhou Xiaoteng , Strezov Vladimir , Evans Tim , Salian Khushbu , Taylor Mark Patrick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIron ores are principal input materials for iron and steel-making industries. Quality of iron ores is one of the critical parameters for formation of environmental pollutants related to the steel-making process. Dioxins are identified as one of the most toxic pollutants emitted during ironmaking, specifically during the sintering process. This study applied four types of iron ores and analyzed their moisture, density, particle size distribution and element concentrations to investigate their effect on the dioxin formation during sintering. Each type of iron ore was processed in a sinter pot grate. During each processing route, exhausted dust and generated sinter products were collected and subjected to PCDD/F and PCB analysis. Statistical analysis was applied to assess correlations between properties of iron ores and exhausted dioxin emissions, identifying key contributors to dioxin formation during sintering process. Results showed that Fe in iron ores was positively and significantly related to PCB 114 formation in dust and confirmed its co-catalytic effect on dioxin formation. Concentrations of Al, Ti and Cl in iron ores greatly increased PCDD/F and PCB emissions in the sintered products compared to dioxins in dust samples. The S levels and density of iron ores were highly related to the increasing PCDD/F and PCB emissions in both sinter and dust samples. By contrast, concentrations of Si in iron ores played a significant role in decreasing PCDD/F and PCB emissions in both sinter and dust samples. This study also confirmed the optimum size (< 1 mm–2.59 mm) for iron ores, which helps reduce dioxin emissions without affecting the quality of iron and steel-making products.
Proton transfer and conformational changes along the hydrogen bond network in heliorhodopsin
Authors: Tsujimura Masaki , Chiba Yoshihiro , Saito Keisuke , Ishikita Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeliorhodopsin releases a proton from the Schiff base during the L-state to M-state transition but not toward the protein bulk surface. Here we investigate proton transfer and induced structural changes along the H-bond network in heliorhodopsin using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach and molecular dynamics simulations. Light-induced proton transfer could occur from the Schiff base toward Glu107, reorienting Ser76, followed by subsequent proton transfer toward His80. His80 protonation induces the reorientation of Trp246 on the extracellular surface, originating from the electrostatic interaction that propagates along the transmembrane H-bond network [His80…His23…H2O[H23/Q26]…Gln26…Trp246] over a distance of 15 Å. Furthermore, it induces structural fluctuation on the intracellular side in the H-bond network [His80…Asn16…Tyr92…Glu230…Arg104…Glu149], opening the inner cavity at the Tyr92 moiety. These may be a basis of how light-induced proton transfer causes conformational changes during the M-state to O-state transition.
Present-day warm pool constrains future tropical precipitation
Authors: Park In-Hong , Yeh Sang-Wook , Min Seung-Ki , Ham Yoo-Geun , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFuture changes in tropical precipitation affect the livelihood of the world’s human population and ecosystems. Climate models project an increased rainfall intensification under anthropogenic warming, but uncertainties in the distribution and magnitude of the changes remain large. Here, we identify a strong positive relationship between the present-day Indo-Pacific warm pool size and projected precipitation changes in the central-to-eastern tropical Pacific using multi-model simulations. Models with larger present-day warm pool size project excessive future warming in the eastern tropical Pacific due to intensified ocean stratification which reduces the zonal sea surface temperature gradient of the tropical Pacific, resulting in the weakening of Walker circulation and precipitation increases in the central-to-eastern tropical Pacific. Based on this relationship, uncertainty in the projected precipitation in the central-to-eastern tropical Pacific can be reduced by approximately 25%, which demonstrates that an improved simulation of present-day Indo-Pacific warm pool size is important for reliable tropical precipitation projections.
An integrated framework of open-source tools for designing and evaluating green hydrogen production opportunities
Authors: Khan Muhammad Haider Ali , Heywood Phoebe , Kuswara Aaron , Daiyan Rahman , MacGill Iain , Amal Rose 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtensive scaling of green hydrogen to meet net-zero targets would need the integration of suitable resources, high renewable energy potential and achievement of supporting techno-economic parameters to establish viable hydrogen projects. Herein, we propose a comprehensive four-tier framework based on specially designed open-source tools that build upon existing knowledge by providing (i) zoning filters to identify potential green hydrogen hubs, (ii) Multi-Criteria Analysis to compare and rank the selected sites, (iii) a production cost tool that allows analysis of 24 different electrolyzer – powerplant design scenarios and (iv) a python based algorithm that establishes the capacity mixes of electrolyzer, powerplant and battery energy storage system required to achieve cost or operational capacity factor targets. The framework is then applied to Australia, where 41 potential sites are used as a case study for comparing their green hydrogen generation potential and costs, benchmarked against international targets of $2 kg−1.
Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology
Authors: Ewart Lorna , Apostolou Athanasia , Briggs Skyler A. , Carman Christopher V. , Chaff Jake T. , Heng Anthony R. , Jadalannagari Sushma , Janardhanan Jeshina , Jang Kyung-Jin , Joshipura Sannidhi R. , Kadam Mahika M. , Kanellias Marianne , Kujala Ville J. , Kulkarni Gauri , Le Christopher Y. , Lucchesi Carolina , Manatakis Dimitris V. , Maniar Kairav K. , Quinn Meaghan E. , Ravan Joseph S. , Rizos Ann Catherine , Sauld John F. K. , Sliz Josiah D. , Tien-Street William , Trinidad Dennis Ramos , Velez James , Wendell Max , Irrechukwu Onyi , Mahalingaiah Prathap Kumar , Ingber Donald E. , Scannell Jack W. , Levner Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Conventional preclinical models often miss drug toxicities, meaning the harm these drugs pose to humans is only realized in clinical trials or when they make it to market. This has caused the pharmaceutical industry to waste considerable time and resources developing drugs destined to fail. Organ-on-a-Chip technology has the potential to improve success in drug development pipelines, as it can recapitulate organ-level pathophysiology and clinical responses; however, systematic and quantitative evaluations of Organ-Chips’ predictive value have not yet been reported.

Methods
870 Liver-Chips were analyzed to determine their ability to predict drug-induced liver injury caused by small molecules identified as benchmarks by the Innovation and Quality consortium, who has published guidelines defining criteria for qualifying preclinical models. An economic analysis was also performed to measure the value Liver-Chips could offer if they were broadly adopted in supporting toxicity-related decisions as part of preclinical development workflows.

Results
Here, we show that the Liver-Chip met the qualification guidelines across a blinded set of 27 known hepatotoxic and non-toxic drugs with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 100%. We also show that this level of performance could generate over $3 billion annually for the pharmaceutical industry through increased small-molecule R&D productivity.

Conclusions
The results of this study show how incorporating predictive Organ-Chips into drug development workflows could substantially improve drug discovery and development, allowing manufacturers to bring safer, more effective medicines to market in less time and at lower costs.
Use and Perceived Effectiveness of Communication Modes Reported by Persons With Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Mooney Aimee R. , Bravo Megan , Roberts Angela , Salley Elizabeth , Blaze Erin , Esparza Marissa , Fried-Oken Melanie , Khayum Becky , Rao Leela , Rademaker Alfred , Rogalski Emily 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical neurodegenerative dementia syndrome characterized by early, selective, and progressive language impairment. PPA onset is gradual, providing time to potentially identify additional or alternative expressive communication modes; however, reports of communication mode use and effectiveness by persons with PPA have not been described. This study characterized the use, frequency, and perceived effectiveness of communication modes reported by individuals with PPA.

Method:

Forty-one participants with mild-to-moderate PPA completed a structured interview detailing the type, frequency, and perceived effectiveness of 12 potential communication modes, categorized by technology required (no-tech, low-tech, and high-tech). The ratio of modes used was compared across technology categories with a repeated-measures generalized linear model assuming a binomial distribution with an overall Wald chi-square statistic, followed by pairwise post hoc
t
-test comparisons.

Results:

Of the 12 communication modes assessed, participants reported using a median of eight (range: 5–10). All participants affirmed using speech, facial expressions, and talking on the phone. Frequency and perceived effectiveness ratings for these three modes were endorsed at the “some/most of the time” level for more than 80% of the participants. No-tech mode use was significantly higher than reported high-tech and low-tech modes (
p
= .004 and
p
< .0001, respectively). Even so, while some high-tech modes (apps) and some low-tech modes (nonelectronic augmentative and alternative communication) had fewer users, effectiveness ratings were moderate to high for all but one user.

Conclusions:
Persons with mild-to-moderate language impairment due to PPA report using a range of communication modes with moderate-to-high frequency and perceived effectiveness. These outcomes provide practical information when considering mode refinement or expansion during intervention to maximize communication participation. Barriers to modality use may include low awareness or access, which could be queried by future studies and supported by speech and language interventions.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21614262