bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Yeast Rice Preparations Reduce Mortality, Major Cardiovascular Adverse Events, and Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta−analysis
Authors: Yuan Rong , Yuan Yahui , Wang Lidan , Xin Qiqi , Wang Ya , Shi Weili , Miao Yu , Leng Sean Xiao , Chen Keji , Cong Weihong ,   and BPNMI Consortium
Published: February 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the cooccurrence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Red yeast rice (RYR) preparations might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of MetS.Objective: To implement a systematic review and meta−analysis to determine whether RYR preparations improve clinical endpoints and reduce risk factors for MetS.Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, and WanFang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (published up to September 2020), and a meta−analysis was performed using fixed− or random−effects models. The primary outcome measures were mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and the secondary outcome measures were biochemical parameters of blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. The registration number is CRD42020209186.Results: A total of 921 articles were identified, of which 30 articles were included in this article. RYR preparations group demonstrated significant improvements in MetS compared with control group. RYR preparations reduced the mortality and MACEs (RR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.49, 0.78]; RR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.43, 0.66]). In terms of blood glucose metabolism, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD = −0.46 mmol/L, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.22]), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD = −0.49, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.26]) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA−IR) (MD = −0.93, 95% CI [−1.64, −0.21]) were decreased. Regarding the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol (TC) (MD = −0.74 mmol/L, 95% CI [−1.02, −0.46]), triglycerides (TG) (MD = −0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI [−0.70, −0.21]), and low−density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (MD = −0.42 mmol/L, 95% CI [−0.78, −0.06]) were decreased, while high−density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (MD = 0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI [0.09, 0.20]) was increased. Regarding blood pressure, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (MD = −3.79 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.01, −2.57]) was decreased. In addition, RYR preparations did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.69, 1.43]).Conclusion: RYR preparations reduce mortality, MACEs, and multiple risk factors for MetS without compromising safety, which supports its application for the prevention and treatment of MetS. However, additional high−quality studies are needed to provide more evidence for the effect of RYR on MetS due to the heterogeneity in this study.Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020209186
Calycosin as a Novel PI3K Activator Reduces Inflammation and Fibrosis in Heart Failure Through AKT–IKK/STAT3 Axis
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Li Weili , Zhang Yawen , Sun Qianbin , Cao Jing , Tan NanNan , Yang Shuangjie , Lu Linghui , Zhang Qian , Wei Peng , Ma Xiao , Wang Wei , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Inflammation and fibrosis have been shown to be critical factors in heart failure (HF) progression. Calycosin (Cal) is the major active component of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and has been reported to have therapeutic effects on the cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. However, whether Cal could ameliorate myocardial infarction (MI)-induced inflammation and fibrosis and precise mechanisms remain uncertain. The aim of this study is to explore the role of Cal in HF and to clarify the underlying mechanisms.Methods: For in vivo experiments, rats underwent left anterior descending artery ligation for heart failure model, and the cardioprotective effects of Cal were measured by echocardiographic assessment and histological examination. RNA-seq approach was applied to explore potential differential genes and pathways. For further mechanistic study, proinflammatory-conditioned media (conditioned media)-induced H9C2 cell injury model and TGFβ-stimulated cardiac fibroblast model were applied to determine the regulatory mechanisms of Cal.Results: In the in vivo experiments, echocardiography results showed that Cal significantly improved heart function. GO and reactome enrichment revealed that inflammation and fibrosis pathways are involved in the Cal-treated group. KEGG enrichment indicated that the PI3K–AKT pathway is enriched in the Cal-treated group. Further experiments proved that Cal alleviated cardiomyocyte inflammatory responses evidenced by downregulating the expressions of phosphorylated IκB kinase α/β (p-IKKα/β), phosphorylated nuclear factor kapa B (p-NFκB), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Besides, Cal effectively attenuated cardiac fibrosis through the inhibitions of expressions and depositions of collagen I and collagen III. In the in vitro experiments, the phosphatidylinositol three kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 could abrogate the anti-inflammation and antifibrosis therapeutic effects of Cal, demonstrating that the cardioprotective effects of Cal were mediated through upregulations of PI3K and serine/threonine kinase (AKT).Conclusion: Cal inhibited inflammation and fibrosis via activation of the PI3K–AKT pathway in H9C2 cells, fibroblasts, and heart failure in postacute myocardial infarction rats.
Ploidy Testing of Blastocoel Fluid for Screening May Be Technically Challenging and More Invasive Than That of Spent Cell Culture Media
Authors: Shi Wenhao , Zhao Zhenghao , Xue Xia , Li Qian , Yao Yaxin , Wang Dongyang , Wang Jing , Lu Sijia , Shi Juanzi 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that both blastocoel fluid (BF) and spent cell culture media (SCM) have potential as materials for non-invasive or less-invasive pre-implantation genetic analysis. BF may allow more opportunity to obtain cell-free DNA from the inner cell mass (ICM), and it has a lower risk of containing contaminant DNA from cumulus cells, sperm and culture media. There are no data regarding the ICM as a gold standard to evaluate the chromosome constitution of BF or SCM for embryo liquid biopsy.MethodsTwo hundred eighteen donated human blastocysts were warmed and cultured in blastocyst culture media for 18–24 h. The corresponding SCM was collected, and only clear ICM was biopsied in blastocysts; otherwise, the whole blastocyst (WB) was biopsied. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the DNA levels in the SCM and BF before and after amplification. ChromInst was used to amplify BF/SCM and blastocyst DNA before sequencing. Chromosomal copy number variation (CNV) was investigated to evaluate the chromosome constitution.ResultsIn total, 212 blastocysts were available for SCM and BF collection. The technical success rates (next-generation sequencing data) were 100 and 69.8% (148/212) for SCM and BF, respectively. Among the 148 blastocysts with both SCM and BF data, 101 were euploid and 47 were aneuploid based on ICM (n = 89) or WB (n = 59) analysis as the gold standard. Among all blastocysts, SCM was comparable to BF [specificity: 80.2 versus 61.4% (P = 0.005, χ2 test); sensitivity: 91.5 versus 87.2% (P = 0.738, χ2 test); negative predictive value (NPV): 95.3 versus 91.2% (P = 0.487, χ2 test); positive predictive value (PPV): 68.3% versus 51.3% (P = 0.042, χ2 test)]. The SCM and BF samples were 83.8% (124/148) and 69.6% (103/148) concordant with the corresponding ICM/WB samples when only two categories, euploid or aneuploid/mosaic, were grouped to calculate the concordance.ConclusionsCompared with BF, SCM has superior diagnostic performance, and it is non-invasive for embryos.Clinical Trial Registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR-BPD-17014087].
Self-Care as a Method to Cope With Suffering and Death: A Participatory Action-Research Aimed at Quality Improvement
Authors: Buonaccorso Loredana , Tanzi Silvia , Sacchi Simona , Alquati Sara , Bertocchi Elisabetta , Autelitano Cristina , Taberna Eleonora , Martucci Gianfranco 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPalliative care is an emotionally and spiritually high-demanding setting of care. The literature reports on the main issues in order to implement self-care, but there are no models for the organization of the training course. We described the structure of training on self-care and its effects for a Hospital Palliative Care Unit.MethodWe used action-research training experience based mostly on qualitative data. Thematic analysis of data on open-ended questions, researcher’s field notes, oral and written feedback from the trainer and the participants on training outcomes and satisfaction questionnaires were used.ResultsFour major themes emerged: (1) “Professional role and personal feelings”; (2) “Inside and outside the team”; (3) “Do I listen to my emotions in the care relationship?”; (4) “Death: theirs vs. mine.” According to participants’ point of view and researchers’ observations, the training course resulted in ameliorative adjustments of the program; improved skills in self-awareness of own’s emotions and sharing of perceived emotional burden; practicing “compassionate presence” with patients; shared language to address previously uncharted aspects of coping; allowing for continuity of the skills learned; translation of the language learned into daily clinical practices through specific facilitation; a structured staff’s support system for emotional experiences.DiscussionSelf-care is an important enabler for the care of others. The core of our intervention was to encourage a meta-perspective in which the trainees developed greater perspicacity pertaining to their professional role in the working alliance and also recognizing the contribution of their personal emotions to impasse experienced with patients.
Study on the Application Effect of Fast Track Surgery Care Combined With Continuous Care After Discharge in Patients With Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Yu Jian , Lin Xiao , Chen Hong 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo explore the application effect of fast track surgery (FTS) care combined with continuous care after discharge in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).MethodsTwo hundred patients treated with LC in our hospital from May 2020 to September 2021 were selected and divided into the routine group receiving routine care (n = 100) and the combined group receiving FTS care combined with continuous care after discharge (n = 100) according to their care methods. We observed the care effect, surgical stress levels [epinephrine, cortisol, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA)], postoperative recovery (time to first exhaust, time to first meal, time to first getting out of bed, time to hospitalization), complications, SF-36 scores after discharge, and care satisfaction in both groups.ResultsThe total efficiency of care in the combined group was better than that in the routine group (P &lt; 0.05). At 1 d after surgery, the levels of epinephrine and cortisol in both groups were significantly higher than those at 1 h before surgery, and the HAMA scores were significantly lower than those at 1 h before surgery, and the combined group was lower than the routine group (P &lt; 0.05). The time to first exhaustion, time to first meal, time to first getting out of bed, and time to hospitalization were shorter in the combined group than in the routine group (P &lt; 0.05). The overall complication rate in the combined group was lower than that in the routine group (P &lt; 0.05). The each item of SF-36 scores after discharge were higher in the combined group than in the routine group (P &lt; 0.05). The total satisfaction with care was higher in the combined group than in the routine group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe implementation of FTS care combined with continuous care after discharge in LC patients is ideal, which can significantly reduce the level of surgical stress, accelerate the recovery process, and reduce the occurrence of complications, and improve the postoperative quality of life of patients significantly, and with high satisfaction, which is worthy of application.
Survey of Oomycetes Associated with Root and Crown Rot of Almond in Spain and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora niederhauserii and Phytopythium vexans to ‘Garnem’ Rootstock
Authors: Beluzán Francisco , Miarnau Xavier , Torguet Laura , Armengol Josep , Abad-Campos Paloma 
Published: February 2022

From 2018 to 2020, surveys of oomycetes associated with root and crown rot of almond (Prunus dulcis) were conducted on diseased young almond trees in commercial orchards and nurseries in six provinces of Spain. A total of 104 oomycete isolates were obtained from plant and soil samples, which h were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Diverse species belonging to the genera Globisporangium, Phytophthora, Phytopythium and Pythium were found, Phytopythium vexans and Phytophthora niederhauserii being the most frequent. The pathogenicity of these two species to one-year-old almond seedlings of ‘Garnem’ (P. dulcis × P. persica) rootstock was studied. All seedlings inoculated with Pp. vexans and Ph. niederhauserii isolates showed severe symptoms at the late stage of the pathogenicity test (defoliation, wilting and dieback) and several plants died. Some isolates of Ph. niederhauserii significantly reduced the dry weight of the roots compared with the control, but this effect was not observed in seedlings inoculated with Pp. vexans. These results provide new information about the oomycete species present in almond crops in Spain and highlight the importance of carrying out frequent phytosanitary surveys for a better knowledge of potential risks posed by these soil-borne pathogens.
Immediate Postoperative Analgesia of Nalbuphine-Ketamine Combination Compared with Ketamine Alone in Xylazine-Sedated Goats Undergoing Left Flank Laparotomy
Authors: Abouelfetouh Mahmoud M. , Salah Eman , Liu Lingling , Khalil Ahmed H. , Zhang Qiulin , Ding Mingxing , Ding Yi 
Published: February 2022

Goats have been used as animal models in research, and the need for achieving safer anesthesia for research or surgical intervention is gaining much attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate intraoperative effects and the immediate postoperative analgesia of nalbuphine–ketamine regimen in goats. Twenty clinically healthy adult female crossbred goats weighing 14 ± 2 kg were allocated randomly into each of two equally sized groups. All animals were sedated with intramuscular (IM) xylazine (0.07 mg/kg), then anesthesia was intravenously (IV) induced with ketamine alone (10 mg/kg) (XK group), or a combination of nalbuphine (0.5 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg) (XNK group). Following induction, left flank laparotomy was performed and then sutured. The quality of anesthesia and immediate postoperative analgesia was evaluated. Immediate postoperative analgesia was assessed up to 5 h after standing, using a modified Unesp–Botucatu acute composite pain scale (USAPS). Serum cortisol, glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at ½, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h, postoperatively (PO). The USAPS pain scores were significantly lower in the XNK compared to the XK group (p < 0.05). The XNK group exhibited a statistically significant difference in the level of serum cortisol at ½ and 1 h PO (p = 0.018 and 0.045, respectively) compared to the XK group. At 2, 4, 6 h PO, CRP significantly decreased (p = 0.023, 0.040 and 0.005, respectively) in the XNK compared to the XK group. Nalbuphine–ketamine produced an acceptable induction of anesthesia and recovery compared to ketamine. Recovery with nalbuphine–ketamine was faster and better quality. The USAPS pain scores were lower in nalbuphine–ketamine, indicating that this novel combination produces better postoperative pain control than ketamine alone.
“Aceitei eu, como rapariga de nenhum miolos”
Authors: De Sousa Fé Barbosa Rosamaria 
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho parte da análise de duas confissões inquisitoriais realizadas pelas escravizadas Custódia Abreu e Joana Pereira de Abreu, na Capitania de São José do Piauí, em meados da década de cinquenta do século XVIII. Nessa ocasião, elas confessam terem realizado um ritual para fins sexuais, por meio da invocação de um sujeito incógnito cuja alcunha varia entre Homem e Tundá, apesar de ser compreendido subjetivamente, do ponto de vista dos envolvidos, como demônio. Nesse interim, buscamos discutir acerca da inserção da figura feminina na escrita da História, para em seguida compreender as atuações correlatas a estas dentro do referido contexto e como eram operacionalizadas. Para este fim, levamos em conta as práticas ritualísticas como meio de uso do corpo, escoando a visão enrijecida da escravidão, na qual buscamos pensar para além da objetificação dessas sujeitas escravizadas.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTEK GADAI SAWAH
Authors: Saifuddin Saifuddin 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang tinjauan hukum islam terhadap praktek gadai sawah (Studi Kasus Desa Salu Balo Kecamatan Mehalaan Kabupaten Mamasa) maka yang menjadi pokok permasalahan adalah bagaimana praktek gadai di desa Salu Balo dan apakah sesuai dengan aturan Islam atau tidak. Metode yang digunakan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktek gadai sawah ditinjau dari hukum Islam, studi kepustakaan yang terdiri dari bahan pustakaan yang berkaitan dengan judul skripsi. Praktek gadai sawah di desa Salu Balo ada dua yaitu: Ta’ga’ biasa dan ta’ga’ dipa’dua. Hasil penelitian dari kedua cara gadai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata masyarakat desa Salu Balo tidak sesuai dengan hukum Islam ditinjau dari segi perjanjian, hak dan kewajiban penggadai dan penerima gadai serta pemanfaatan barang gadai yaitu hasil panen sepenuhnya oleh penerima gadai dan perjanjian hanya secara lisan.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) TERHADAP PENERIMA BANTUAN DI DESA LALIKO KECAMATAN CAMPALAGIAN KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Muin Rahmah , Rosdiana Rosdiana 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan, meringkas berbagai kondisi dan mengangkat fenomena ke kepermukaan sebagai suatu ciri, karakter, model, atau gambaran mengenai situasi, kondisi, ataupun fenomena tertentu. Lokasi penelitian ini bertempat di Desa Laliko Kecamatan Campalagian. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dari obsevasi, wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data terdiri dari 3 (tiga) tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan kritria kredibilitas melalui teknik pemeriksaan berupa triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap penerima bantuan di Desa Laliko, dapat membantu dalam mengurangi beban pengeluaran masyarakat namun demikian PKH ini belum bisa dikatakan sepenuhnya efektif dalam hal penanggulangan kemiskinan dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dilihat dari indikator perubahan nyata yang dialami masyarakat. Adapun hambatan dalam pelaksanaan program keluarga harapan ialah belum tercapainya tujuan dari PKH karena masih adanya penerima bantuan yang mempergunakan dana yang diterimanya diluar dari ketentuan PKH karena alasan tertentu. Selain itu, jika dilihat dari hasil penelitian terdapat sebagian masyarakat mulai terus menerus menghrapkan bantuan dana PKH sehingga dikhawatirkan dapat merubah pola pikir mereka dalam menciptakan perilaku kemandirian. PKH diharapkan mampu mengurangi angka kemiskinan dan meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga miskin. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu penerima manfaat seharusnya punya kesadaran lebih mengenai dana PKH ini semestinya digunakan sesuai yang dipersyaratkan sehingga uang yang diterima tidak tidak dibelanjakan begitu saja.
PRAKTEK MA’ITAI ANJORO DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus di Desa katumbangan Kecamatan Campalagian)
Authors: Dara Ayu Cici , Kaco Suardi 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktek dan tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap aktivitas ma’itai anjoro di Desa Katumbangan Kecamatan Campalagian. apakah memang benar bahwa praktek ma’itai anjoro adalah tradisi dan bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam mengenai praktek tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenalogi dengan cara menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan peristiwa pada objek penelitian sesuai dengan realitas di lapangan, data penelitian ini diperoleh dari data primer dan sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara langsung dengan pihak yang melakukan aktivitas ma’itai anjoro. Instrumen penelitian yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman wawancara, handphone atau kamera dan buku catatan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa praktek ma’itai anjoro di Desa Katumbangan adalah tradisi karena telah dikerjakan secara turun temurun dan tidak ada larangan dalam melakukan pekerjaan yang telah menjadi tradisi. seperti penjelasan dalam ilmu fiqh yaitu Al-‘adatul Muhakkamah bahwa adat bisa menjadi hukum. Maka praktek ma’itai anjoro diperbolehkan dengan menggunakan ilmu fiqhi kecuali dalam pencarian buah kelapa melakukan sesuatu yang akan mengakibatkan rusaknya lingkungan (lahan) ataukah mengambil kelapa dengan cara memanjat pohonnya maka disitulah letak larangan terjadi. Implikasi pada penelitian ini adalah ditujukan kepada para pencari dan pemilik kelapa. Para pencari kelapa seharusnya lebih memperhatikan lagi tentang halal haram dalam melakukan aktivitas pencarian buah kelapa sedangkan para pemilik kebun seharusnya lebih merelakan buah kelapa yang jatuh di lahannya untuk dipungut oleh para pencari kelapa jika itu tidak menimbulkan kerugian bagi pemilik kelapa.
Boundary effect on mode transformation in an electron cyclotron resonance etching reactor
Authors: Tamura Hitoshi , Tetsuka Tsutomu , Sekine Tomohiro , Shinohara Shunjiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Etching apparatuses using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) have been used by major ULSI manufacturers, and uniform plasma generation on a large wafer is realized. However, it is not well understood the reason for the uniform plasma generation, which is crucial for the industrial field. By using a simulation technique and a theoretical analysis of a plasma waveguide with an outer vacuum layer with imposed boundaries, we investigated the microwave distribution in the ECR reactor to understand the mechanism of the uniform plasma generation. Contrary to the usual understanding of the right-hand polarized wave (R wave) damping in the ECR plasma production scheme, we found that the introduced R wave is transformed into the extraordinary wave and the electrostatic wave of Trivelpiece–Gould wave by comparing the theoretical result considering the wall effect. Moreover, we found that surface wave is observed at the interface of the quartz window and the plasma.