bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial social networks for the humanities: A visualization and analytical model
Authors: Giordano Alberto , Cole Tim , Le Noc Maël 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we propose a model to identify and visualize family structures across a database of over 70,000 Jewish individuals living in Budapest in 1945 in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust. Once family structures are identified, their distribution can be mapped in a historical GIS, a type of GIS expressly designed to study past geographies. Our work contributes to nascent research in spatial social networks in several ways, most importantly with its emphasis on uncertainty, the focus on edges as well as nodes, and the development of a visualization that allows for the prompt and immediate comparison of family structures regardless of their number. We also see our research contributing to the discourse on platial GIS, or the GIS of place.
Trust and distrust: Identifying recruitment targets for ethnic minority blood donors
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Dawe‐Lane Erin , Khan Zaynah , Reynolds Claire , Davison Katy , Edge Dawn , Brailsford Susan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe explore the role of trust, distrust, and the prevailing socio‐political context to better understand why people from ethnic minority communities are less likely to be blood donors compared to people from White communities. Recruiting more ethnic minority donors will enhance representativeness, reduce inequality, and help meet the clinical need to increase the proportion of blood with Ro Kell antigen to treat Sickle Cell Disease (SCD).Study design and methodsA 2 (donor‐status: current donor; non‐donors) by 4 (ethnicity: People from Asian, Black, Mixed and White ethnic backgrounds) quasi‐experiment (N = 981) was conducted to examine perceptions of trust/distrust and their influence on willingness to donate blood, within the socio‐political context of the Windrush scandal and Brexit.ResultsWe identified five domains of trust (‘National Health Service [NHS] and staff,’ ‘NHS Blood and Transplant,’ ‘outgroups,’ ‘individuals’ and ‘politics’), and a single domain of conditional distrust domain. Trust across all the domains was lower, and ‘conditional distrust’ higher for ethnic minorities. Trust in ‘individuals’ and ‘NHSBT’ predicted willingness to donate in non‐donors from ethnic minorities and White non‐donors, respectively. Concerns about the Windrush scandal were related to lower political trust. Viewing Brexit as ‘positive for the UK’ was related to lower trust across domains and reduced willingness to donate in White non‐donors through its influence on reduced trust in NHSBT.ConclusionDistinct domains of trust and distrust are identified, and targeting ‘trust in others’ through conditional cooperation is recommended as a strategy to increase donor numbers from ethnic minority communities.
Centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (2016–2018): 7 cases
Authors: Culler Christine A. , Vigani Alessio , Ripoll Alexandra Z. , Gareau Alexandra , Suter Steven E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique of centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange (cTPE) in dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and summarize the outcome of the procedure.DesignRetrospective review of cTPE performed at North Carolina State University from 2016 to 2018, through a search of the institutional database for cTPE and IMHA.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSeven dogs with confirmed IMHA were presented to a university teaching hospital ICU for cTPE. Six dogs were not responsive to standard medical management with immunosuppressive agents, while 1 dog presented before immunosuppressive agents were begun.InterventionsAll dogs underwent multiple cTPE procedures using 1 of 2 commercially available apheresis systems.Measurements and Main ResultsAt presentation, the median HCT was 0.15 L/L (15.7%) (range, 0.10–0.19 L/L [10.3%–19%]) and the median total serum bilirubin was 32.5 mmol/L (1.9 mg/dl) (range, 15.4–597 mmol/L [0.9–34.9 mg/dl]). The median number of transfusions before cTPE was 1 (range, 1–4), with a median total of infused RBCs of 12.9 ml/kg (range, 8.8–37 ml/kg). cTPE with an exchange of ≥4 times total plasma volumes was used to decrease the level of circulating autoreactive antibodies. The median total plasma volumes exchanged was 4.5 times (range, 2.5–6.5 times) over 2–4 procedures. Anticoagulation was performed using a combination of systemic heparinization and regional citrate in all dogs. Six of 7 dogs (85.7%) were discharged from the hospital and were alive 90 days after discharge. One dog (14%) did not respond to cTPE (∼6.5 times total plasma volume exchanged) and was euthanized.ConclusionscTPE is a feasible and relatively safe bridging treatment option for the management of canine IMHA.
Influence of staple line number and configuration on the leakage of small intestinal functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis: An ex vivo study
Authors: Quitzan Juliany Gomes , Singh Ameet , Beaufrère Hugues , Saleh Tarek M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of the staple line configuration on the leakage of small intestinal functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis (FEESA).Study designExperimental, ex vivo, randomized study.Sample populationJejunal segments (N = 72) from 10 mature, canine cadavers.MethodsJejunal segments (10 cm) were randomly assigned to a control group (8 segments) and 4 FEESA groups (16 segments/group (8 constructs/group)), according to the number of rows of staples used in the vertical (V) and transverse lines (T), respectively: Control, 2‐row V/2‐row T (2V/2T), 2‐row V/3‐row T (2V/3T), 3‐row V/2‐row T (3V/2T), 3‐row V/3‐row T (3V/3T). Initial leak pressure (ILP), maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP), and initial leakage location (ILL) were compared.ResultsThe ILP (mean ± SD) for control segments, 2V/2T, 2V/3T, 3V/2T and 3V/3T were 321.38 ± 34.59, 32.88 ± 7.36, 50.13 ± 10.46, 34.38 ± 11.78, 69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg, respectively. All FEESAs initially leaked at lower pressures than intact segments. The only other differences detected between groups consisted of ILPs that were higher when FEESAs were closed with 3V/3T (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) than 2V/2T (32.88 ± 7.36, P < .001). Initial leakage occurred predominantly from the transverse staple line rather than the anastomotic crotch (P < .001).ConclusionPlacing 3 rows of staples in the transverse line (with or without a third row in the vertical staple line) improved resistance to leakage of FEESAs in normal cadaveric specimens.Clinical significanceThe addition of a third row of staples in the transverse line (with or without a third row in the vertical staple line) in FEESAs should be further investigated as a strategy to reduce intestinal leakage clinically.
Performance Assessment of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Corrugated Channels of Various Profiles: Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation Study
Authors: Singh Divyanshu Pratap , Rathore Sushil Kumar , Chaudhuri Sumanta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present analysis deals with the heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation investigation for a non-Newtonian fluid flowing in a wavy passage having three different corrugation profiles, namely, sinusoidal, trapezoidal, and triangular, having the exact dimensions, amplitude, and wavelength. The discretization of governing equations has been carried out using the finite volume method, and for pressure–velocity coupling SIMPLE algorithm is adopted. Power law model is adopted for modeling the non-Newtonian behavior in the study. The present investigation is reported for the index of power law ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 and Reynolds number varying from 25 to 125. The variation of an average Nusselt number, dimensionless drop in pressure, performance factor, thermal entropy generation, viscous entropy generation, and Bejan number are observed for different values of Reynolds number and power law index. The study helped us in concluding that the value of the average Nusselt number is the highest for a trapezoidal-shaped corrugated channel; on the other hand, drop in pressure is also the highest for a trapezoidal channel. However, if conclusions are to be made based on the performance factor, then at high Reynolds number flow, the sinusoidal-shaped corrugated channel is preferred for shear-thinning fluids, and the triangular-shaped corrugated channel is preferred for shear-thickening fluids, whereas the triangular-shaped corrugated channel is preferred for both the shear-thickening and shear-thinning fluids for a low Reynolds number flow. Entropy generation analysis shows that both the thermal and viscous entropy generations are maximum for a trapezoidal channel followed by the sinusoidal channel and the least entropy generations occur in the case of the triangular channel.
Local Entropy Generation Analysis for Cavitation Flow Within a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Lai Fen , Huang Maoli , Wu Xiaofei , Nie Changhua , Li Guojun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Local entropy generation is derived from the second law of thermodynamics, which can directly identify the source of irreversible dissipation and learn more about the physical mechanism of performance degradation. Zwart cavitation model is modified to clarify the rapid head drop of a cavitation flow within a test centrifugal pump, and it is used to simulate the cavitation flow. Local entropy generation method is used to analyze the cavitation flow with varying net positive suction head. The magnitude of entropy generation in different types and regions is compared. Spatial distribution of turbulent and near-wall entropy generation are analyzed. Results show that the modified Zwart cavitation model can better capture the cavity morphology and its evolution. Turbulent and near-wall entropy generations, which mainly concentrate on the impeller, have a large proportion of total entropy generation. The rapid increase in fluctuating velocity entropy generation near the impeller blade pressure side and near-wall entropy generation near the trailing edge of the impeller blade are the main reasons for the rapid head drop within a test centrifugal pump. The sources of turbulent and near-wall entropy generation are vortex and shear stress, respectively.
Developing an integrated multilevel model of uncertainty in health care: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Eachempati Prashanti , Büchter Roland Brian , KS Kiran Kumar , Hanks Sally , Martin John , Nasser Mona 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionUncertainty is an inevitable part of healthcare and a source of confusion and challenge to decision-making. Several taxonomies of uncertainty have been developed, but mainly focus on decisions in clinical settings. Our goal was to develop a holistic model of uncertainty that can be applied to both clinical as well as public and global health scenarios.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Google scholar in March 2021 for literature reviews, qualitative studies and case studies related to classifications or models of uncertainty in healthcare. Empirical articles were assessed for study limitations using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. We synthesised the literature using a thematic analysis and developed a dynamic multilevel model of uncertainty. We sought patient input to assess relatability of the model and applied it to two case examples.ResultsWe screened 4125 studies and included 15 empirical studies, 13 literature reviews and 5 case studies. We identified 77 codes and organised these into 26 descriptive and 11 analytical themes of uncertainty. The themes identified are global, public health, healthcare system, clinical, ethical, relational, personal, knowledge exchange, epistemic, aleatoric and parameter uncertainty. The themes were included in a model, which captures the macro, meso and microlevels and the inter-relatedness of uncertainty. We successfully piloted the model on one public health example and an environmental topic. The main limitations are that the research input into our model predominantly came from North America and Europe, and that we have not yet tested the model in a real-life setting.ConclusionWe developed a model that can comprehensively capture uncertainty in public and global health scenarios. It builds on models that focus solely on clinical settings by including social and political contexts and emphasising the dynamic interplay between different areas of uncertainty.
Comparative efficacy of different types of acupuncture as adjuvant therapy on carotid atherosclerosis: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xianming , Mo Qian , Yang Zhihong , Huang Xiaolou , Liu Jiao , Xu Shuangmei , Zhang Ning , Yang Xiaofang 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCarotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a disease of the aorta caused by lipid metabolism disorders and local inflammation. Acupuncture combined with traditional western medicine (such as aspirin or atorvastatin) for the treatment of CAS has been widely applied in clinical practice, but there is still a lack of supporting evidence for its efficacy and safety on CAS. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) will summarise the effects of different types of acupuncture treatments on CAS, and a ranking of the therapeutic classes will also be presented, aiming to provide evidence-based medicine for its extensive clinical application.Methods and analysisSystematic and NMA searches will be conducted in seven electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and Chongqing VIP databases. The search time is from their inception to December 2020, regardless of language and publication type. Randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that include patients with CAS receiving acupuncture therapy compared with a control group will be considered eligible. The primary outcomes include the carotid intima-media thickness and vessel plaque quantification; the secondary outcomes include the carotid plaque Crouse score, greyscale median, lipid levels, the incidence of cardiovascular events, safety and adverse events. The selection of studies, data extraction, quality assessment and risk of bias assessment will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The NMA will be analysed with Stata V.15.0, RevMan V.5.3 software and WinBUGS V.1.4.3.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this study as it will be based on de-identified, aggregated published data. We will publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207260.
Prevalence of cannabis use among tobacco smokers: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Skelton Eliza , Rich Jane , Handley Tonelle , Bonevski Billie 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding the prevalence of cannabis use among tobacco smokers has important implications for research in terms of intervention effectiveness and measurement in smoking cessation trials. The co-use of these substances also has important implications for health service planning, specifically ensuring appropriate and adequate clinical treatment. To date, there have been no synthesis of the literature on the prevalence of tobacco and cannabis co-use in adult clinical populations. Improved understanding of the current prevalence, route of administration and specific subpopulations with the highest rates of tobacco and cannabis co-use will support future intervention development. We aim to provide a pooled estimate of the percentage of smokers who report using cannabis and to examine the prevalence of co-use by sociodemographic characteristics.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review using six scientific databases with published articles from 2000 to 2022 inclusive (CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Scopus). Peer-reviewed journal articles published in English that report on tobacco and cannabis use will be included. Rates of co-use (simultaneous or sequentially) and routes of administration will be assessed. Use in populations groups will be described. Quality assessments will be conducted for all included studies. Data will be synthesised using a narrative approach. This study will be conducted from June 2022 to the end of August 2022.Ethics and disseminationThis review is based on previously published data and, therefore, ethical approval or written informed consent will not be required. It is the intention of the research team to disseminate the results of the systematic review as a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020194051.
Associations between socioeconomic position and young people’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the UK: a scoping review
Authors: Pearson Natalie , Griffiths Paula , van Sluijs Esther , Atkin Andrew J , Khunti Kamlesh , Sherar Lauren B 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the evidence on the associations between socioeconomic position and young people’s physical activity and sedentary behaviours in the UK.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published up to and including January 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesObservational studies in children and adolescents (aged 5–18 years) from the UK that had assessed associations between at least one indicator of socioeconomic position and at least one outcome of physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by one reviewer and 20% were double checked. Indicators of socioeconomic position were tabulated with domains of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.ResultsFifty-seven publications were included in the review; 37 publications from 19 studies (k=23) of children and 21 publications from 15 studies (k=23) of adolescents. Most studies were cross-sectional. 63% of studies of children, and 40% of studies of adolescents assessed Index of Multiple Deprivation. Eighteen studies measured physical activity in children, 13 measured sedentary behaviour. Eleven studies of adolescents included a measure of physical activity, 10 included a measure of sedentary behaviour. Among children and adolescents, the association between socioeconomic position and measures of either physical activity or sedentary behaviour was highly variable depending on the measure of both socioeconomic position used and the behavioural outcome, with the exception of higher family affluence which was consistently associated with higher reported physical activity among adolescents.ConclusionPhysical activity and sedentary behaviours of children and adolescents in the UK are complex and influenced by multiple indicators of socioeconomic position that are, in most cases, different across age stages, outcomes examined and measurement tools. Greater consistency in the use and measures of socioeconomic position as well as outcomes of behaviour are required for robust country-specific meta-analyses.
Association between vaccine preventable diseases in children and improved sanitation following a nationwide sanitation campaign in India: an ecological analysis
Authors: Singh Parvati , Forthal Donald N , Shah Manisha , Bruckner Tim-Allen 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePersistent exposure to faecal pathogens due to open defecation may cause environmental enteropathy that, in turn, may lead to undernutrition and vaccine failure in under 5-year-old (u5) children. The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) programme in India, launched in 2014, aimed to construct toilets for every household nationwide and reduce open defecation. This programme, if successful, had the potential to reduce the burden of four vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs): diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles. We examine whether increased household toilet availability in Indian districts following SBM corresponds with a reduction in diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles in u5 children.DesignObservational, ecological study.Setting532 districts in 28 Indian states, from 2013 to 2016.Primary outcome and exposureWe retrieved data on district-level change in the annual incidence (per 1000 u5 children) of four VPDs, from 2013 (pre-SBM) to 2016 (post-SBM). We obtained data on our exposure, the change in the percentage of households with toilets (per district), from three large national surveys conducted in 2013 and 2016. We used linear regression analysis, which controlled for change over time in socioeconomic factors, health system-related covariates and pre-SBM annual incidence of VPDs.ResultsA one percentage point increase in households with toilets corresponds with 0.33 fewer measle cases per 1000 u5 children in a district (coefficient: −0.33, 95% CI −0.0641 to –0.014; p<0.05). About 12% of this association is mediated by a reduction in u5 stunting. We observe no relation of the exposure with diphtheria, pertussis or tetanus. Findings remain robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionRapid improvements in ambient sanitation through increased toilet availability correspond with a reduction in the annual incidence of measles in u5 children. We encourage replication of findings and further research to identify potential pathways by which SBM may reduce measle burden in u5 children.
Imaging features for the prediction of clinical endpoints in chronic liver disease: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chouhan Manil D , Taylor Stuart Andrew , Bhagwanani Anisha , Munday Charlotte , Pinnock Mark A , Parry Tom , Hu Yipeng , Barratt Dean , Yu Dominic , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P , Halligan Steve , Mallett Sue 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionChronic liver disease is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Acute presentation with advanced disease is common and prioritisation of resources to those at highest risk at earlier disease stages is essential to improving patient outcomes. Existing prognostic tools are of limited accuracy and to date no imaging-based tools are used in clinical practice, despite multiple anatomical imaging features that worsen with disease severity.In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol that aims to provide an overview of existing prognostic factors and models that link anatomical imaging features with clinical endpoints in chronic liver disease. This will provide a summary of the number, type and methods used by existing imaging feature-based prognostic studies and indicate if there are sufficient studies to justify future systematic reviews.Methods and analysisThe protocol was developed in accordance with existing scoping review guidelines. Searches of MEDLINE and Embase will be conducted using titles, abstracts and Medical Subject Headings restricted to publications after 1980 to ensure imaging method relevance on OvidSP. Initial screening will be undertaken by two independent reviewers. Full-text data extraction will be undertaken by three pretrained reviewers who have participated in a group data extraction session to ensure reviewer consensus and reduce inter-rater variability. Where needed, data extraction queries will be resolved by reviewer team discussion. Reporting of results will be based on grouping of related factors and their cumulative frequencies. Prognostic anatomical imaging features and clinical endpoints will be reported using descriptive statistics to summarise the number of studies, study characteristics and the statistical methods used.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this study is based on previously published work. Findings will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publication and/or conference presentations.