bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic aging in Williams syndrome
Authors: Okazaki Satoshi , Kimura Ryo , Otsuka Ikuo , Tomiwa Kiyotaka , Funabiki Yasuko , Hagiwara Masatoshi , Murai Toshiya , Hishimoto Akitoyo 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWilliams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion at the 7q11.23 region and is characterized by diverse symptoms encompassing physical and cognitive features. WS was reported to be associated to altered DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. However, due to the limited information from long‐term studies, it remains unclear whether WS accelerates aging. Genome‐wide DNAm profiles can serve as “epigenetic clocks” to help estimate biological aging along with age‐related markers, such as plasma proteins and telomere length.MethodsWe investigated GrimAge, DNAm‐based telomere length (DNAmTL), and other epigenetic clocks in blood samples of 32 patients with WS and 32 healthy controls.ResultsWe observed a significant acceleration in GrimAge, DNAmTL, and other epigenetic clocks in patients with WS as compared with those of controls. In addition, several GrimAge components, such as adrenomedullin, growth differentiation factor‐15, leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, were altered in patients with WS.ConclusionsThis study provides novel evidence supporting the hypothesis that WS may be associated to accelerated biological aging. A better understanding of the overall underlying biological effects of WS can provide new foundations for improved patient care; thus, long‐term follow‐up studies are still warranted.
An extension of the RIGHT statement for introductions and interpretations of clinical practice guidelines: RIGHT for INT
Authors: Zhou Qi , Xing Dan , Li Qinyuan , Zhang Jingyi , Luo Xufei , Yang Nan , Wang Xiaoqin , Yang Kehu , Tian Jinhui , Li Hui , Li Bo , Cai Yujia , Jin Yinghui , Lv Lanting , Sun Feng , Shang Shuxian , Yuan Beibei , Li Jiang , Ma Bin , Li Xiuxia , Yuan Yuanzhi , Wu Lei , Wang Bin , Jiang Lei , Wang Zhiwen , Chen Yaolong , Liang Du 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the extension of the RIGHT Statement for INTroductions and INTerpretations of Clinical Practice Guidelines (RIGHT for INT) is to promote the development of comprehensive and clear articles that introduce and interpret clinical practice guidelines.MethodsThe RIGHT for INT checklist was developed following methods recommended by the EQUATOR Network. The development process included three stages. In the first stage, a multidisciplinary team of experts was recruited by email and WeChat and further divided into three groups (a steering group, a consensus group, and a secretariat group); in the second stage, the initial items were collected by literature review and brainstorming; and in the third stage, the final items were formed through a Delphi survey and expert consultation.ResultsA total of 40 initial items were collected through literature review and brainstorming. A final checklist of 27 items was formed after the Delphi survey and expert consultation. The RIGHT for INT checklist contains items on the following 10 topics: title, abstract, background of guideline interpretation, background of guideline development, guideline development methodology, recommendations, strengths, and limitations, implications for local guidelines and clinical research, dissemination and implementation, and reporting quality.ConclusionThe RIGHT for INT checklist provides guidance for guideline interpreters on how to introduce and interpret clinical practice guidelines in a scientific and comprehensive manner.
Interaction between serum vitamin C levels and smoking on the periodontal condition in older adults
Authors: Yoshihara Akihiro , Nakashima Keisuke , Suwama Kana , Odajima Ayuko , Yamaga Takayuki , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeveral epidemiological studies have reported that smokers have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than do nonsmokers, and that smoking negatively affects nutritional status and is associated with a reduced intake of antioxidants, particularly vitamin C. The present investigation aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin C levels and smoking and its influence on the periodontal condition in older adults.Materials and MethodsA total of 353 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the present study. The periodontal status of the study participants was determined through examinations of one or more residual teeth, which included a measurement of the probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at six regions of each tooth. Blood samples were collected during the dental examinations and then sent to a laboratory to evaluate serum vitamin C and cotinine levels. A serum cotinine concentration of 100 ng/ml was considered a relevant threshold for active smoking. After dividing the participants into two groups according to serum cotinine levels, Poisson regression analysis was carried out to compare vitamin C levels with the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal condition markers for each group based on serum cotinine levels.ResultsWe evaluated differences in the PRR of serum vitamin C tertiles between participants with high (≥100 ng/ml) or low (<100 ng/ml) serum cotinine levels after adjusting for sex, the use of interdental brushes or dental floss, and the number of teeth. A negative tendency between the PRR of vitamin C tertiles for the PPD or CAL was seen for both groups. Especially, a bigger difference was observed in the group with high serum cotinine levels. The PRR of the first tertiles in the high serum cotinine group was 5.03, compared with 2.69 in the low serum cotinine group (relative risk: 1.9).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest a potential association between vitamin C levels and the periodontal condition, which may be influenced by smoking status.
Patient related outcomes of mechanical lead extraction techniques (PROMET) study: A comparison of two professions
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Gallagher Mark M. , Elbatran Ahmed I. , Starck Christoph T. , Gonzalez Elkin , Al‐Razzo Omar , Mazzone Patrizio , Delnoy Peter‐Paul , Breitenstein Alexander , Steffel Jan , Eulert‐Grehn Jürgen , Lanmüller Pia , Melillo Francesco , Marzi Alessandra , Leung Lisa WM , Domenichini Giulia , Sohal Manav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith an increasing number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), there has been a paralleled increase in demand for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Cardiac surgeons (CS) and cardiologists perform TLE; however, data comparing the two groups of operators is scarce.ObjectiveWe compared the outcomes of TLE performed by cardiologists and CS from six European lead extraction units.MethodData was collected retrospectively of 2205 patients who had 3849 leads extracted (PROMET) between 2005 and 2018. Patient demographics and procedural outcomes were compared between the CS and cardiologist groups, using propensity score matching. A multivariate regression analysis was also performed for variables associated with 30‐day mortality.Results
CS performed the majority of extractions (59.8%), of leads with longer dwell times (90 [57–129 interquartile range (IQR)] vs. 62 [31–102 IQR] months, CS vs. cardiologists, p < .001) and with pre‐dominantly non‐infectious indications (57.4% vs. 50.2%, CS vs. cardiologists, p < .001). CS achieved a higher complete success per lead than the cardiologists (98.1% vs. 95.7%, respectively, p < .01), with a higher number of minor complications (5.51% vs. 2.1%, p < .01) and similar number of major complications (0.47% vs. 1.3%, p = .12). Thirty‐day mortality was similarly low in the CS and cardiologist groups (1.76% vs. 0.94%, p = .21). Unmatched data multivariate analysis revealed infection indication (OR 6.12 [1.9–20.3], p < .01), procedure duration (OR 1.01 [1.01–1.02], p < .01) and CS operator (OR 2.67, [1.12–6.37], p = .027) were associated with 30‐day mortality.
ConclusionTLE by CS was performed with similar safety and higher efficacy compared to cardiologists in high and medium‐volume lead extraction centers.
Economic Distress and Populism: Examining the Role of Identity Threat and Feelings of Social Exclusion
Authors: Manunta Efisio , Becker Maja , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Vignoles Vivian L. 
Published: April 2022

Populism has been a major political phenomenon in liberal democracies throughout the last decade. Focusing on economic distress as one of the basic triggers of populism, we proposed a model integrating individual‐level indices of economic distress and status‐based identity threat (i.e., frustration of identity motives) as predictors of populism. We conducted two survey studies operationalizing populism as an individual‐level thin ideology among members of the general French population (Study 1: N = 458; Study 2: N = 1,050). Structural equation models supported status‐based identity threat as a partial mediator in the links between indices of relative deprivation and populism (Study 1). Additional analyses revealed frustrated belonging (i.e., feelings of social exclusion) as the central identity motive in this pattern. Reproducing the same model with belonging frustration instead of global‐identity motive frustration gave similar results (Studies 1 and 2). These findings provide the first evidence implicating identity threat—and belonging threat in particular—in the development of populist thin ideology and showed how identity motives are related to the economic distress pattern that predicts populism.
Clymene sutherlandiae sp. nov.: A new species of Bangiales (Rhodophyta) from the southern hemisphere
Authors: Nelson Wendy A. 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYA new species of the southern hemisphere genus Clymene, C. sutherlandiae, is described based on collections from the Otago coast, south east South Island of New Zealand, and from a site in western Tasmania. Found on mid‐upper intertidal rocks on open coasts, and frequently adjacent to sandy shores, this is a second species for the genus, previously known solely from the type species C. coleana found in the North Island, northern South Island and Chatham Islands of New Zealand.
Neural dynamics of effort‐modulated reward processing
Authors: Zhang Mang , Zheng Ya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have established that effort can either decrease reward value as a cost or increase reward value as an augmenter, which is referred to as the effort paradox. The present event‐related potential study investigated the neural dynamics underlying the modulation of reward processing by effort expenditure. Thirty‐two participants completed a modified monetary incentive delay task in a high‐effort context and a low‐effort context to earn monetary rewards while their EEG was recorded during effort anticipation, effort execution, and effort completion, respectively. Results revealed the multiphase nature of the effort–reward relationship, which unfolds over time. During effort anticipation, effort discounts reward value as reflected by a reduced contingent negative variation for high‐ versus low‐effort trials. During effort exertion, the target‐P3 reward effect was accrued by effort expenditure. Finally, effort also provides its own value following effort completion, as revealed by an enhanced stimulus‐preceding negativity for high‐effort relative to low‐effort trials. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between effort expenditure and reward processing and are helpful to mitigate the effort paradox.
Factors affecting quality of life in low‐income overweight and obese women: The mediating effects of health‐promoting behaviors
Authors: Nho Ju‐Hee , Kim Hye Young , Kim Eun Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is necessary to comprehensively consider the personal and environmental factors of women who experience overweight or obesity and low‐income households (WOOL) to improve their quality of life (QoL).AimsThe aim of this study was to test a hypothetical path model to estimate the effects of self‐efficacy, psychological distress, social support, and health‐promoting behaviors (HPB) on QoL and verify the mediating effects of HPB among WOOL.MethodsA total of 151 women with a monthly household income less than 50% of the national median income at eight welfare centers in South Korea participated in this study. Data were collected from January to December 2019 and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 23.0.ResultsThe fit indices of the model were adequate (χ2 = 0.197, p = .657; normed χ2 = 0.197, GFI = 0.999, CFI = 1.000, NFI = 0.999, TLI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, and SRMR = 0.005). Self‐efficacy had significant indirect and total effects on QoL (β = 0.064, p = .004, 95% CI [0.015, 0.139]; β = 0.064, p = .004, 95% CI [0.015, 0.139]). HPB completely mediated the path of self‐efficacy to QoL. Social support had significant total, direct, indirect, and total effects on QoL (β = 0.326, p = .001, 95% CI [0.010, 0.025]; β = 0.047, p = .015, 95% CI [0.008, 0.120]; β = 0.373, p = .001, 95% CI [0.015, 0.369]). HPB partially mediated the path of social support to QoL. Psychological distress had significant direct effects on QoL (β = −0.307, p = .001, 95% CI [−0.022, −0.007]). Self‐efficacy, psychological distress, social support, and HPB explained 42.3% of the total variance in QoL.Linking Evidence to ActionIntegrated nursing interventions that consider self‐efficacy, psychological distress, social stress, and HPB can be useful for improving the QoL of WOOL.
Acute Effects of Concurrent High-Intensity Interval Cycling and Bench-Press Loading on Upper- and Lower-Body Explosive Strength Performance
Authors: Dragutinovic Boris , Feuerbacher Joshua F. , Jacobs Mats W. , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumann Moritz 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study examined the acute effects of lower-body high-intensity interval loading (HIIT) on explosive upper- and lower-body strength, as well as the combined effect of HIIT and bench-press loading versus HIIT and squat loading on the explosive upper- and lower-body strength. Methods: Fifteen physically active men completed 2 sessions consisting of HIIT (4 × 4 min cycling at 80% of peak power output) immediately followed by lower- (HIIT + LBS) or upper-body (HIIT + UBS) strength loading (3 × 5 + 3 × 3 repetitions at 80% 1-repetition maximum [ie, 6 sets in total]) in a randomized order. Squat and bench-press mean propulsive velocity (MPV) was assessed before HIIT (T0), immediately after HIIT (T1), immediately after the strength loading (T2), and 24 hours after the experimental session (T3). Results: Squat MPV decreased to a similar magnitude at T1 in HIIT + LBS (−5.3% [7.6%], P = .117, g = .597) and HIIT + UBS (−5.7% [6.9%], P = .016, g = .484), while bench press remained unchanged (−1.4% [4.7%], P = 1.000, g = .152, and −1.0% [7.0%], P = 1.000, g = .113, respectively). Both squat and bench-press MPV were statistically reduced at T2 compared to T0 (HIIT + LBS: −7.5% [7.8%], P = .016, g = .847, and −6.8% [4.6%], P < .001, g = .724; HIIT + UBS: −3.9% [3.8%], P = .007, g = .359, and −15.5% [6.7%], P < .001, d = 1.879). Bench-press MPV at T2 was significantly lower in HIIT + UBS when compared to HIIT + LBS (P = .002, d = 1.219). Conclusion: These findings indicate lower- but not upper-body explosive strength to be acutely reduced by preceding lower-body HIIT. However, lower-body HIIT combined with either upper- or lower-body strength loading resulted in a similar acute reduction of both squat and bench-press explosive strength.
Optimising the management of childhood acute diarrhoeal disease using a rapid test-and- treat strategy and/orLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938: a multicentre, randomised, controlled, factorial trial in Botswana
Authors: Pernica Jeffrey M , Arscott-Mills Tonya , Steenhoff Andrew P , Mokomane Margaret , Moorad Banno , Bapabi Mbabi , Lechiile Kwana , Mangwegape Oarabile , Batisani Boswa , Mawoko Norah , Muthoga Charles , Vanniyasingam Thuvaraha , Ewusie Joycelyne , Lowe Amy , Bonsu Janice M , Gezmu Alemayehu M , Smieja Marek , Mazhani Loeto , Stordal Ketil , Thabane Lehana , Kelly Matthew S , Goldfarb David M 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe study aim was to determine if rapid enteric diagnostics followed by the provision of targeted antibiotic therapy (‘test-and-treat’) and/orLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 would improve outcomes in children hospitalised in Botswana with acute gastroenteritis.MethodsThis was a multicentre, randomised, factorial, controlled, trial. Children aged 2–60 months admitted for acute non-bloody diarrhoea to four hospitals in southern Botswana were eligible. Participants were assigned to treatment groups by web-based block randomisation. Test-and-treat results were not blinded, but participants and research staff were blinded toL. reuteri/placebo assignment; this was dosed as 1×108 cfu/mL by mouth daily and continued for 60 days. The primary outcome was 60-day age-standardised height (HAZ) adjusted for baseline HAZ. All analyses were by intention to treat. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov.ResultsRecruitment began on 12 June 2016 and continued until 24 October 2018. There were 66 participants randomised to the test-and-treat plusL. reuterigroup, 68 randomised to the test-and-treat plus placebo group, 69 to the standard care plusL. reuterigroup and 69 to the standard care plus placebo group. There was no demonstrable impact of the test-and-treat intervention (mean increase of 0.01 SD, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.16 SD) or theL. reuteriintervention (mean decrease of 0.07 SD, 95% CI −0.22 to 0.08 SD) on adjusted HAZ at 60 days.ConclusionsIn children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Botswana, neither a test-and-treat algorithm targeting enteropathogens, nor a 60-day course ofL. reuteriDSM 17938, were found to markedly impact linear growth or other important outcomes. We cannot exclude the possibility that test-and-treat will improve the care of children with significant enteropathogens (such asShigella) in their stool.Trial registration numberNCT02803827.
Comparison of labour and postnatal satisfaction between women with and without severe maternal morbidity: a double-cohort study
Authors: Fatin Imtithal Adnan , Norhayati Mohd Noor , Nor Akma Yunus 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo compare labour and postnatal satisfaction between women with and without severe maternal morbidity in a tertiary hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia.DesignA prospective double-cohort study.SettingHospital and community based.ParticipantsWomen at childbirth and 1-month post partum.Outcome measuresLabour satisfaction measured using the Malay version of the Women’s Views of Birth Labour Satisfaction Questionnaire and postnatal satisfaction measured using the Malay version of the Women’s Views of Birth Postnatal Satisfaction Questionnaire.ResultsA total of 198 participants responded following childbirth, while 193 responded 1-month post partum. Accordingly, although no significant difference in labour satisfaction scores following childbirth was observed between women with and without severe maternal morbidity, a significant difference in postnatal satisfaction score 1-month post partum had been noted (adjusted mean difference [95% CI]: 3 [0.54 to 5.45]; p=0.019). Moreover, domains for nursing a baby (0.08 [0.024] vs 0.06 [0.029]; p=0.022) and professional support (0.03 [0.022] vs 0.03 [0.029]; p=0.023) differed significantly between women with and without severe maternal morbidity.ConclusionsHealthcare professional support and nursing of babies influenced the relationship between satisfaction and severe maternal morbidity during the later postpartum period.
Patterns and demographic correlates of domain-specific physical activities and their associations with dyslipidaemia in China: a multiethnic cohort study
Authors: Du Lunwei , Hong Feng , Luo Peng , Wang Ziyun , Zeng Qibing , Guan Han , Liu Haiyan , Yuan Zhiping , Xu Degan , Nie Fang , Wang Junhua 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the patterns and demographic correlates of domain-specific physical activities (PAs) and their associations with dyslipidaemia among ethnic minorities in China.DesignCross-sectional.ParticipantsIn total, 17 081 individuals were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDomain-specific PAs were assessed using a questionnaire related to occupational, transportation, housework and leisure-time PAs. Dyslipidaemia was measured using an automatic biochemical instrument. Demographic variables were self-reported.ResultsHousework accounted for most PAs in the study. Elderly people were more likely to participate in housework and leisure-time PA, whereas the mean level of PA in people with low education level and household income was high. With G3–G4 levels of occupational PA, Dong men (G4: OR=0.530, 95% CI 0.349 to 0.806), Miao women (G3: OR=0.698, 95% CI 0.524 to 0.931; G4: OR=0.611, 95% CI 0.439 to 0.850) and Bouyei women (G3: OR=0.745, 95% CI 0.566 to 0.981; G4: OR=0.615, 95% CI 0.440 to 0.860) tended to have a low risk of dyslipidaemia. With G2 levels of transportation, PA could reduce the risk of dyslipidaemia in Bouyei women (G2: OR=0.747, 95% CI 0.580 to 0.962). G2–G3 levels of leisure-time PA could reduce the risk of dyslipidaemia in Miao men (G2: OR=0.645, 95% CI 0.446 to 0.933; G3: OR=0.700, 95% CI 0.513 to 0.954). However, a high risk of dyslipidaemia was observed with G4 levels of leisure-time PA among Bouyei women (G4: OR=.353, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.905) and with transportation PA among Dong men (G4: OR=1.591, 95% CI 1.130 to 2.240).ConclusionThe main PA of the ethnic minorities in Guizhou Province involved housework. Domain-specific PAs varied with demographic factors, and active domain-specific PAs were associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidaemia.
Challenges and recommendations for COVID-19 public health messaging: a Canada-wide qualitative study using virtual focus groups
Authors: Fullerton Madison M , Benham Jamie , Graves Addy , Fazel Sajjad , Doucette Emily J , Oxoby Robert J , Mourali Mehdi , Boucher Jean-Christophe , Constantinescu Cora , Parsons Leigh Jeanna , Tang Theresa , Marshall Deborah A , Hu Jia , Lang Raynell 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo understand Canadian’s attitudes and current behaviours towards COVID-19 public health measures (PHM), vaccination and current public health messaging, to provide recommendations for a public health intervention.DesignTen focus groups were conducted with 2–7 participants/group in December 2020. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content and inductive thematic analysis. The capability opportunity motivation behaviour Model was used as our conceptual framework.SettingFocus groups were conducted virtually across Canada.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from a pool of individuals who previously completed a Canada-wide survey conducted by our research team.Main outcome measureKey barriers and facilitators towards COVID-19 PHM and vaccination, and recommendations for public health messaging.ResultsSeveral themes were identified (1) participants’ desire to protect family and friends was the main facilitator for adhering to PHM, while the main barrier was inconsistent PHM messaging and (2) participants were optimistic that the vaccine offers a return to normal, however, worries of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness were the main concerns. Participants felt that current public health messaging is inconsistent, lacks transparency and suggested that messaging should include scientific data presented by a trustworthy source.ConclusionsWe suggest six public health messaging recommendations to increase adherence to PHM and vaccination (1) use an unbiased scientist as a spokesperson, (2) openly address any unknowns, (3) more is better when sharing data, (4) use personalised stories to reinforce PHM and vaccinations, (5) humanise the message by calling out contradictions and (6) focus on the data and keep politics out.