bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of Nias’ Cacao Pod Husk Cellulose through Carboxymethylation Stages by Using MAOS Method and Its Application as Li‐ion Batteries’ Biopolymer Electrolyte Membrane**
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Widiarto Sonny , Pramono Edi , Wahyuningrum Deana , Bundjali Bunbun , Arcana I Made 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to modify the Nias’ cacao pod husk cellulose by using Microwave‐assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) method to produce carboxymethyl cellulose and its application as lithium‐ion batteries’ biopolymer electrolyte membrane. There were two main stages of modification of Nias’ cacao pod husk cellulose i. e. cellulose alkalization and cellulose carboxymethylation process (etherification stage). Lithium‐ion batteries’ biopolymer electrolyte membrane was fabricated through the casting solution technique, where the blend of Methylcellulose/Carboxymethyl cellulose (MC/CMC) (80/20) (w/w) was complexed to 10 % (w/w) of lithium perchlorate. The determinations of functional groups, molecular structure, crystallinities, and thermal stability were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X‐Ray Diffraction, and Thermogravimetry Analysis, respectively. The lithium‐ion biopolymer electrolyte of the 10 % lithium perchlorate‐complexed MC/CMC (80/20) blend shows ionic conductivity, tensile strength/elongation at break, thermal stability are 5.91×10−3 S cm−1, 30.69 MPa/31.83 %, and 279.40–341.05 °C. Based on the results, the prepared biopolymer electrolyte of 10 % lithium perchlorate‐complexed MC/CMC (80/20) fulfills the separator (solid electrolyte) requirement for lithium‐ion battery application.
Total synthesis of selected tyrosine‐derived alkaloids: A comparative analysis of tyrosine‐based chiral pool vs other synthetic approaches
Authors: Banerjee Arpita , Chatterjee Indranil , Panda Gautam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlkaloids are secondary metabolites and they continue to be investigated owing to their mesmerizing architectural features having potent medicinal properties. Due to the presence of stereogenic center resulting into inherent chirality and configurational integrity, alkaloids have become the area under the countless discussion in synthetic studies. In biological systems, uniqueness of tyrosine rests on phenolic −OH which acts as both hydrogen bond donor, acceptor and its aromatic ring is capable of engaging in π–π stacking interactions. Moreover, tyrosine serves as an economical and adaptable chiral pool in asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. Herein, we discussed total syntheses of selected alkaloids via tyrosine and non‐tyrosine‐based routes along with comparison of synthetic steps based on strategy, total number of steps, use of complex reagents, overall yield, ee etc. It is first critical review about tyrosine as a chiral pool over other strategies towards alkaloids.
One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Bis(diamino‐1,3,5‐triazines) under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Bin Shahari Muhammad Syafiq , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Dolzhenko Anton V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of bis(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamines) was developed using a one‐pot multicomponent approach. The synthesis was performed using the acid‐catalyzed reaction of cyanoguanidine with amines and aldehydes, followed by dehydrogenative aromatization of the dihydrotriazine intermediates upon heating with alkali. Two types of bis(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamines) were prepared using either piperazine as the bifunctional amine or terephthaldehyde as the bifunctional aldehyde thus affording products with a piperazine or p‐phenylene link between two 1,3,5‐triazine rings. The microwave‐assisted method allows fast and convenient synthesis of diverse bis(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamines).
Meta‐analysis of the corporate planning–organizational performance relationship: A research note
Authors: Hamann Peter Maik , Halw Oliver , Guenther Thomas W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryDespite a plethora of studies, the moderating effects of contingency factors regarding the relationship between corporate planning (CP) and organizational performance (OP) remain open to discussion. Our meta‐analysis analyzes 183 independent study samples, 84 of which are examined for the first time. We expand on previous meta‐analyses by correcting for measurement error and dichotomization, and we use moderation analyses and meta‐analytical regressions to explain heterogeneity in these studies. We find evidence for the moderating effects of task interdependence and uncertainty avoidance as contingency factors. Unexpectedly, we identify an interaction of the measurements of OP and CP with uncertainty avoidance. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between CP and OP.Management SummaryManagers who may doubt whether planning is still fruitful in turbulent times obtain a clear answer from our study: Yes, it is. CP is definitely correlated with OP. The effect sizes are stable over time and for different types of planning. However, the effect of CP on performance depends on the organizational context. Manufacturing firms benefit more than nonmanufacturing firms, and larger firms benefit more than smaller firms. Organizations in countries with high uncertainty avoidance show larger effects in relation to those in countries with low uncertainty avoidance. Finally, organizations facing high environmental uncertainty show higher effects of CP than organizations in more stable environments. However, the identified effects are conditional on the type of measurement of performance and CP.
Rutin alleviates bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate‐induced generation of proinflammatory mediators through the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways in macrophages
Authors: Huang Fu‐Mei , Chang Yu‐Chao , Lee Min‐Wei , Su Ni‐Yu , Yang Li‐Chiu , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) is a methacrylate monomer that is mainly used in three‐dimensional structures to reconstruct dental and bony defects. BisGMA has toxic and proinflammatory effects on macrophages. Rutin is a natural flavonol glycoside that is present in various plants and has useful biological effects, such as anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidative effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammation of rutin in macrophages after exposure to BisGMA. Pretreatment of the RAW264.7 macrophage with rutin at 0, 10, 30, and 100 μM for 30 min before being incubated with BisGMA at 0 or 3 μM. Proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin (PG) E2 were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nitric oxide (NO) was detected by the Griess assay. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were measured by Western blot assay. Pretreatment with rutin inhibited the BisGMA‐induced generation of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and PGE2, in macrophages. Rutin also suppressed the BisGMA‐induced secretion of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, rutin suppressed the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Finally, rutin suppressed the BisGMA‐induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 and degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB). These results indicate that the concentration of rutin has an inhibitory effect on proinflammatory mediator generation, MAPK phosphorylation, NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation, and IκB degradation. In conclusion, rutin is a potential anti‐inflammatory agent for BisGMA‐stimulated macrophages through NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation and IκB degradation resulting from MAPK phosphorylation.
Natural Language Processing
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses natural language processing (NLP) which deals with regression modeling of non-tabular or unstructured text data. We explain how words can be embedded into low-dimension spaces that serve as numerical word encodings. These can then be used for text recognition, either using RN networks or attention layers. We give an example where we aim at predicting claim perils from claim descriptions.
Estimation Theory
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter is on classical statistical decision theory. It is an important chapter for historical reasons, but it also provides the right mathematical grounding and intuition for more modern statistical tools from data science and machine learning. In particular, we discuss maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), unbiasedness, consistency and asymptotic normality of MLEs in this chapter.
Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter considers convolutional neural (CN) networks. These are special network architectures that are useful for time-series and spatial data modeling, e.g., applied to image recognition problems. Time-series and images have a natural topology, and CN networks try to benefit from this additional structure (over tabular data). We introduce these network architectures and provide insurance-relevant examples related to telematics data and mortality forecasting.
Components
Authors: Keller Reto B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to choose the right components for EMI filters, it is essential to understand the properties and nonideal behavior of passive filter components. Therefore, in this chapter, the high-frequency behavior and other undesirable effects of conductors (wires, cables, PCB traces), resistors, capacitors, inductors, ferrite beads, common-mode chokes, baluns, varistors, and TVS diodes are presented.
Antennas
Authors: Keller Reto B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter is a brief introduction to antennas and electromagnetic radiation, focusing on antennas for EMC tests. We skip the math intense part around Maxwell’s Equations.The formulas and statements in this chapter apply to the far-field (not the near-field), free-space, matched impedances (of antennas and receiver/transmitter equipment), and matched polarization (of the electromagnetic waves and the antenna polarization).
The Research on English Medium Instruction and a Proposed Constructivist EMI Teaching Framework
Authors: Han Jinghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter revisits the problems and challenges in current EMI research, reflecting on issues of theoretical scope and methodological validity. It provides a summary of the findings from this research and its implications for EMI pedagogy in higher education. This Chapter concludes by proposing a practical EMI teaching framework. Its development is based on the insights gleaned from this research and the years of my experience as an EMI facilitator for academics’ professional learning in higher education settings.
Diskriminierungssensible Sprache in der Forschung zu Migration und Gesundheit – eine Handreichung
Authors: Bilgic Leman , Sarma Navina , Loer Anne-Kathrin M. , Koschollek Carmen , Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Razum Oliver , Hövener Claudia , Kajikhina Katja 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIn der Public-Health-Forschung ist Migration als eine Determinante von Gesundheit zunehmend in den Fokus gerückt. Verantwortungsvolle Forschung in diesem Bereich setzt eine antidiskriminierende Vorgehensweise in der Durchführung, Berichterstattung und Ergebnisdissemination voraus. Ein diskriminierungssensibler Sprachgebrauch ist dabei ein zentrales Element. Handreichungen hierzu gibt es im deutschsprachigen Raum für den Bereich Public Health bisher nicht.MethodenIm Rahmen des ProjektesImproving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations (IMIRA)am Robert Koch-Institut wurde eine Handreichung zu antidiskriminierender Sprache in der Forschung zu Migration und Gesundheit entwickelt, die aus einem Leitfaden und einer Übersicht über relevante Begriffe und Konzepte besteht. Die Bedarfe, Inhalte und Form dazu wurden in einem Aktionsforschungsprozess mit Projektmitarbeitenden aus demIMIRA-Projekt erarbeitet.ErgebnisseDer Leitfaden zeigt 5 Grundprinzipien für einen antidiskriminierenden Sprachgebrauch auf: 1. Generalisierungen und Verallgemeinerungen vermeiden, 2. diskriminierungssensibel formulieren, 3. Selbst- und Fremdbezeichnungen berücksichtigen, 4. Begriffe unterliegen einem ständigen Wandel und 5. eigene Unsicherheiten offen kommunizieren. Die Übersicht, welche online als „Living Document“ zur Verfügung steht, beinhaltet Begriffe und Konzepte, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Thema Gesundheit und Migration häufig verwendet werden.FazitDie Handreichung soll Forschende dafür sensibilisieren und dabei unterstützen, Sprache antidiskriminierend anzuwenden. Dies geht mit einer Reflexion der eigenen Sprache einher und stärkt verantwortungsvolle Forschung zum Thema Migration und Gesundheit. Die Nutzung und der Nutzen der Handreichung können Gegenstand zukünftiger Evaluationen sein.
Ambulantes Langzeit-Video-EEG als neuer diagnostischer Ansatz in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Meisel Christian , Holtkamp Martin , Vock Simon 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Langzeit-Video-EEG als Goldstandarddiagnostik bei Epilepsie und anderen Anfallsleiden ist in Deutschland derzeit nur in wenigen spezialisierten Zentren zur stationären Überwachung verfügbar. Diese begrenzten Überwachungskapazitäten und der damit verbundene hohe Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand führen bundesweit zu einer erheblichen Wartezeit für diese wichtige Diagnostik. Neue, tragbare Sensortechnologien und automatisierte Datenanalysemethoden schaffen Möglichkeiten für Video-EEG-Langzeituntersuchungen nach dem Goldstandard im ambulanten Bereich, die dazu beitragen können, diese Barriere zu überwinden. Hier berichten wir über die Ergebnisse einer Machbarkeitsstudie an einem Zentrum, in der das ambulante Langzeit-Video-EEG (ALVEEG) als diagnostischer Weg in Deutschland eingeführt wurde. In dem neuen Diagnostikpfad soll der Einsatz innovativer, tragbarer Video-EEG-Monitoringsysteme zusammen mit einer durch künstliche Intelligenz unterstützten Datenanalyse den von Anfallsleiden betroffenen Patienten einen schnelleren, effizienteren und sektorübergreifenden Zugang zu einer Goldstandarddiagnostik in der häuslichen Umgebung ermöglichen. Die Diagnostik wurde von Patienten und Klinikern gut angenommen und könnte eine ergänzende Option zur stationären Überwachung darstellen, um die derzeitigen Engpässe in Diagnostik und Versorgung zu beseitigen.
Immune biology of NSCLC revealed by single-cell technologies: implications for the development of biomarkers in patients treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Wlosik J. , Fattori S. , Rochigneux P. , Goncalves A. , Olive D. , Chretien A. S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
First-line immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer largely improved patients’ survival. PD-L1 testing is required before immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation. However, this biomarker fails to accurately predict patients’ response. On the other hand, immunotherapy exposes patients to immune-related toxicity, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. Hence, there is an unmet need to develop clinically approved predictive biomarkers to better select patients who will benefit the most from immune checkpoint inhibitors and improve risk management. Single-cell technologies provide unprecedented insight into the tumor and its microenvironment, leading to the discovery of immune cells involved in immune checkpoint inhibitor response or toxicity. In this review, we will underscore the potential of the single-cell approach to identify candidate biomarkers improving non-small-cell lung cancer patients’ care.
Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer patients prescribed cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors: large-scale data analysis using a Japanese claims database
Authors: Kawai Masaaki , Takada Masahiro , Nakayama Takahiro , Masuda Norikazu , Shiheido Hirokazu , Cai Zhihong , Huang Yu-Jing , Kawaguchi Tsutomu , Tanizawa Yoshinori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to understand real-world cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitor use in Japan.

Methods
This retrospective observational study used a Japanese administrative claims database and included patients with presumptive hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) prescribed CDK4 and 6 inhibitor therapy between December 2017 and March 2021. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and selected clinical and safety outcomes were descriptively summarized. Time to discontinuation (TTD) and chemotherapy-free survival (CFS) were examined using Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results
The study cohort (N = 6442) was predominantly female (99.4%; median [range] age 64 [26–99] years) with records of metastases (79.6%) within 1 year prior to initiating CDK4 and 6 inhibitor therapy. In total, 4463 (69.3%) and 1979 (30.7%) were prescribed palbociclib and abemaciclib, respectively, as their first CDK4 and 6 inhibitor, most commonly in combination with fulvestrant (n = 3801; 59.0%). Overall, 3756 patients initiated a subsequent anticancer treatment, of whom 748 (19.9%) initiated a different CDK4 and 6 inhibitor in combination with the same or different endocrine therapy. Median TTD (95% confidence interval) was 9.7 (9.3, 10.1) months for the first CDK4 and 6 inhibitor therapy. Median CFS was 26.1 (24.6, 27.8) months. Incidence of clinically relevant diarrhea was higher after abemaciclib initiation (9.8%) than after palbociclib initiation (1.5%). More patients experienced dose reduction with palbociclib (69.3%) than with abemaciclib (53.0%).

Conclusion
The data provide insights into current clinical practices for CDK4 and 6 inhibitor use in Japan that could help establish future treatment strategies for ABC.
Factors affecting in vitro regeneration in the model tree Populus trichocarpa I. Medium, environment, and hormone controls on organogenesis
Authors: Ma Cathleen , Goddard Amanda , Peremyslova Ekaterina , Duan Chenyang , Jiang Yuan , Nagle Michael , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn preparation for a major GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study) of plant regeneration and transformation, a large number of factors were examined for their effects on indirect regeneration rate in diverse wild genotypes—seeking a high rate of regeneration, but also highly genetically variable and heritable treatments. Many of the factors examined have never before been reported on for their effects on callus, shoot, or root organogenesis in poplar (Populus). Stems had the highest regeneration potential, followed by petioles and leaves, with greenhouse grown explant sources superior to in vitro growth explant sources. Changes of ± 50% to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium salts and micronutrients had a minor effect on regeneration. Many popular treatments that were evaluated also had little to no useful effect at the levels studied, including activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, silver nitrate, melatonin, serotonin, sucrose concentration, and lipoic acid. As a result of this wide exploration, treatment combinations that substantially elevated regeneration in diverse genotypes were identified, enabling GWAS.
Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for mid and low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Yamanashi Takahiro , Miura Hirohisa , Tanaka Toshimichi , Watanabe Akiko , Yokoi Keigo , Kojo Ken , Niihara Masahiro , Yamashita Keishi , Sato Takeo , Kumamoto Yusuke , Hiki Naoki , Naitoh Takeshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe benefits of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) for rectal cancer remain controversial. Only a few studies have evaluated the safety and feasibility of RALS following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of RALS versus conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) after NCRT for rectal cancer. Propensity score matching of 111 consecutive patients who underwent RALS or CLS after NCRT for rectal adenocarcinoma between February 2014 and February 2022 was performed. Among them, 60 matched patients were enrolled and their short-term outcomes were compared. Although operative time, conversion rate to open laparotomy and blood loss were comparable, the incidence of postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage, was significantly lower, urinary retention tended to be lower, and the days to soft diet intake and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the RALS than the CLS group. No postoperative mortality was observed in either group, and there were no significant differences in terms of resection margins and number of lymph nodes dissected. RALS after NCRT for rectal cancer is safe and technically feasible, and has acceptable short-term outcomes. Further studies are required for validation of the long-term oncological outcomes.
Populist radical right parties and discursive opportunities during Covid-19. Blame attribution in times of crisis
Authors: Schwörer Jakob , Fernández-García Belén 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines how populist radical right parties (PRRP) adapt to the discursive opportunities delivered by the Covid-19 pandemic. Conducting manual content analyses of discourses on Twitter in six Western European countries between February and October 2020 we show that PRRP frame the pandemic as a domestic political crisis attacking primarily national political elites. While PRRP occasionally link their initial support for measures against the pandemic to blame attribution towards immigrants accusing them of spreading the virus, nativist messages almost disappear when PRRP became less supportive of restrictions. Instead, in countries less affected by the pandemic (Austria, Germany) as well as in Spain, PRRP compensate the lack of nativist messages by using anti-elitist demonizing discourses against the national government accusing it of abolishing democracy and undermining freedom. The study shows how PRRP electorally “survive” periods with scarce nativist discursive opportunities by emphasizing on anti-elitist discourses.
Identification of Explainable Structures in Data with a Human-in-the-Loop
Authors: Thrun Michael C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExplainable AIs (XAIs) often do not provide relevant or understandable explanations for a domain-specific human-in-the-loop (HIL). In addition, internally used metrics have biases that might not match existing structures in the data. The habilitation thesis presents an alternative solution approach by deriving explanations from high dimensional structures in the data rather than from predetermined classifications. Typically, the detection of such density- or distance-based structures in data has so far entailed the challenges of choosing appropriate algorithms and their parameters, which adds a considerable amount of complex decision-making options for the HIL. Central steps of the solution approach are a parameter-free methodology for the estimation and visualization of probability density functions (PDFs); followed by a hypothesis for selecting an appropriate distance metric independent of the data context in combination with projection-based clustering (PBC). PBC allows for subsequent interactive identification of separable structures in the data. Hence, the HIL does not need deep knowledge of the underlying algorithms to identify structures in data. The complete data-driven XAI approach involving the HIL is based on a decision tree guided by distance-based structures in data (DSD). This data-driven XAI shows initial success in the application to multivariate time series and non-sequential high-dimensional data. It generates meaningful and relevant explanations that are evaluated by Grice’s maxims.