bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring longevity from advanced rib remodelling in insular dwarf deer
Authors: Miszkiewicz Justyna J , Van Der Geer Alexandra A E 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDwarfed insular mammals are of significant interest to evolutionary biology because of their morphological and physiological adaptations triggered by variables inherent to geographical isolation. One life history trait that is expected to be modified in relation to body size reduction is extended longevity facilitated by ecological parameters such as predator and competitor release and fluctuating resource availability. However, systematic examination of longevity in extreme cases of dwarfism is difficult as such cases are largely represented by fossils of extinct species. We studied seven rib fragments of the extraordinary endemic Pleistocene dwarf deer Candiacervus (size 2) to test whether its bone matrix shows evidence for extensive bone remodelling typically seen in large and long-living mammals. We found that all ribs had well-remodelled Haversian bone, implying several generations of resorption and re-deposition processes. Osteon density was high relative to small bone cross-section size, with examples of porosity similar to that seen in elderly animals. We report the first combined micro-morphological and micro-morphometric record of Candiacervus rib histology, agreeing with previous literature discussing the evolutionary biology of dwarf ruminants. Further experimental validation of osteon density in extant deer will confirm whether dwarfed Candiacervus indeed lived longer than expected for its body mass.
Reassessing pharmacogenomic cell sensitivity with multilevel statistical models
Authors: Ploenzke Matt , Irizarry Rafael 
Published: February 2022

SummaryPharmacogenomic experiments allow for the systematic testing of drugs, at varying dosage concentrations, to study how genomic markers correlate with cell sensitivity to treatment. The first step in the analysis is to quantify the response of cell lines to variable dosage concentrations of the drugs being tested. The signal to noise in these measurements can be low due to biological and experimental variability. However, the increasing availability of pharmacogenomic studies provides replicated data sets that can be leveraged to gain power. To do this, we formulate a hierarchical mixture model to estimate the drug-specific mixture distributions for estimating cell sensitivity and for assessing drug effect type as either broad or targeted effect. We use this formulation to propose a unified approach that can yield posterior probability of a cell being susceptible to a drug conditional on being a targeted effect or relative effect sizes conditioned on the cell being broad. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach via case studies. First, we assess pairwise agreements for cell lines/drugs within the intersection of two data sets and confirm the moderate pairwise agreement between many publicly available pharmacogenomic data sets. We then present an analysis that identifies sensitivity to the drug crizotinib for cells harboring EML4-ALK or NPM1-ALK gene fusions, as well as significantly down-regulated cell-matrix pathways associated with crizotinib sensitivity.
Co-Desistance From Crime: Engaging the Pro-Social Dimensions of Co-Offending
Authors: Halsey Mark , Mizzi Jenna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drawing on primary data from a unique crime prevention initiative in Australia, this article examines how a small group of co-offenders harnessed the pro-social dimensions of their offending to co-desist from crime. We focus particularly on the evolving nature of group dynamics and the roles played by policing (including non-policing), innovative ‘24/7’ casework, and the provision of a culturally safe divergent setting in the emergence of co-desistance scenarios. We show how initial apprehensions around co-offenders associating in the community were unfounded and in fact proved key to the success of such an approach. Building on the supported desistance literature, the article positions co-desistance as a related but distinct concept worthy of further study in its own right.
Altered cortical microstructure in preterm infants at term-equivalent age relative to term-born neonates
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Yu Qiaowen , Liang Wenjia , Xu Feifei , Li Zhuoran , Tang Yuchun , Liu Shuwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Preterm (PT) birth is a potential factor for abnormal brain development. Although various alterations of cortical structure and functional connectivity in preterm infants have been reported, the underlying microstructural foundation is still undetected thoroughly in PT infants relative to full-term (FT) neonates. To detect the very early cortical microstructural alteration noninvasively with advanced neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) on a whole-brain basis, we used multi-shell diffusion MRI of healthy newborns selected from the Developing Human Connectome Project. 73 PT infants and 69 FT neonates scanned at term-equivalent age were included in this study. By extracting the core voxels of gray matter (GM) using GM-based spatial statistics (GBSS), we found that comparing to FT neonates, infants born preterm showed extensive lower neurite density in both primary and higher-order association cortices (FWE corrected, P &lt; 0.025). Higher orientation dispersion was only found in very preterm subgroup in the orbitofrontal cortex, fronto-insular cortex, entorhinal cortex, a portion of posterior cingular gyrus, and medial parieto-occipital cortex. This study provided new insights into exploring structural MR for functional and behavioral variations in preterm population, and these findings may have marked clinical importance, particularly in the guidance of ameliorating the development of premature brain.
Market power, markup volatility and the role of cooperatives in the food value chain: evidence from Italy
Authors: Lee Hyejin , Van Cayseele Patrick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Agricultural cooperatives are often promoted as a way to give farmers countervailing market power and greater income stability. This paper investigates to what extent cooperatives in food supply chains achieve these objectives. We estimate firm-level markups and markup volatility in the Italian fruits and vegetable (F&V) and dairy sectors at both the farming and processing stages for the period 2007–2014. We find mixed results: compared to non-cooperatives, F&V processor cooperatives have higher markups, while F&V farmer cooperatives and dairy processor cooperatives have lower markups. We do not find strong evidence of their role on markup volatility.
Comparative insight into the roles of the non active-site residues E169 and N173 in imparting the beta-lactamase activity of CTX-M-15
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Jain Diamond , Mallik Dhriti , Ghosh Anindya S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
CTX-M-15 is a major extended-spectrum beta-lactamase disseminated throughout the globe. The roles of amino acids present in the active-site are widely studied though little is known about the role of the amino acids lying at the close proximity of the CTX-M-15 active-site. Here, by using site-directed mutagenesis we attempted to decipher the role of individual amino acids lying outside the active-site in imparting the beta-lactamase activity of CTX-M-15. Based on the earlier evidence, three amino acid residues namely, Glu169, Asp173 and Arg277 were substituted with alanine. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli cells harboring E169A and N173A substituted CTX-M-15 were enhanced by ∼ &gt;32 fold for penicillins and ∼ 4–32 fold for cephalosporins, in comparison to CTX-M-15. However, cells carrying CTX-M-15_R277A did not show a significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility as compared to the wild-type. Further, the catalytic efficiency of the purified CTX-M-15_E169A and CTX-M-15_N173A were compromised when compared with the efficient beta-lactam hydrolysis of purified CTX-M-15. Moreover, the thermal stability of the mutated proteins CTX-M-15_E169A and CTX-M-15_N173A were reduced as compared to the wild type CTX-M-15. Therefore, we conclude that E169 and N173 are crucial non-active-site amino acids that are able to govern the CTX-M-15 activity.
Visualizing the next frontiers in wine yeast research
Authors: Pretorius I S 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTA range of game-changing biodigital and biodesign technologies are coming of age all around us, transforming our world in complex ways that are hard to predict. Not a day goes by without news of how data-centric engineering, algorithm-driven modelling, and biocyber technologies—including the convergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning, automated robotics, quantum computing, and genome editing—will change our world. If we are to be better at expecting the unexpected in the world of wine, we need to gain deeper insights into the potential and limitations of these technological developments and advances along with their promise and perils. This article anticipates how these fast-expanding bioinformational and biodesign toolkits might lead to the creation of synthetic organisms and model systems, and ultimately new understandings of biological complexities could be achieved. A total of four future frontiers in wine yeast research are discussed in this article: the construction of fully synthetic yeast genomes, including minimal genomes; supernumerary pan-genome neochromosomes; synthetic metagenomes; and synthetic yeast communities. These four concepts are at varying stages of development with plenty of technological pitfalls to overcome before such model chromosomes, genomes, strains, and yeast communities could illuminate some of the ill-understood aspects of yeast resilience, fermentation performance, flavour biosynthesis, and ecological interactions in vineyard and winery settings. From a winemaker's perspective, some of these ideas might be considered as far-fetched and, as such, tempting to ignore. However, synthetic biologists know that by exploring these futuristic concepts in the laboratory could well forge new research frontiers to deepen our understanding of the complexities of consistently producing fine wines with different fermentation processes from distinctive viticultural terroirs. As the saying goes in the disruptive technology industry, it take years to create an overnight success. The purpose of this article is neither to glorify any of these concepts as a panacea to all ills nor to crucify them as a danger to winemaking traditions. Rather, this article suggests that these proposed research endeavours deserve due consideration because they are likely to cast new light on the genetic blind spots of wine yeasts, and how they interact as communities in vineyards and wineries. Future-focussed research is, of course, designed to be subject to revision as new data and technologies become available. Successful dislodging of old paradigms with transformative innovations will require open-mindedness and pragmatism, not dogmatism—and this can make for a catch-22 situation in an archetypal traditional industry, such as the wine industry, with its rich territorial and socio-cultural connotations.
What Is an Aging-Related Disease? An Epidemiological Perspective
Authors: Le Couteur David G , Thillainadesan Janani 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There are no established or standardized definitions of aging-related disease. Data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 were used to model the relationship between age and incidence of diseases. Clustering analysis identified 4 groups of noncommunicable diseases: Group A diseases with an exponential increase in incidence with age; Group B diseases with an exponential increase in incidence that usually peaked in late life which then declined or plateaued at the oldest ages; and Groups C and D diseases with an onset in earlier life and where incidence was stable or decreased in old age. From an epidemiological perspective, Group A diseases are “aging-related diseases” because there is an exponential association between age and incidence, and the slope of the incidence curves remains positive throughout old age. These included the major noncommunicable diseases dementia, stroke, and ischemic heart disease. Whether any of the other diseases are aging-related is uncertain because their incidence either does not change or more often decreases in old age. Only biological studies can determine how the aging process contributes to any of these diseases and this may lead to a reclassification of disease on the basis of whether they are directly caused by or are in continuity with the biological changes of aging. In the absence of this mechanistic data, we propose the term “aging-related disease” should be used with precision based on epidemiological evidence.
Development of a quantitative evaluation tool for Seoul’s community-based participatory health program ‘building healthy communities’
Authors: Song Sunmi , Kim Hae-Young , Heo Hyun-Hee 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Community-based participatory health (CBPH) programs are important for addressing health disparities; however, the limited development of validated scales to measure outcomes may hinder the utilization and upscaling of such programs. Thus, this study aimed to develop a culturally appropriate and valid tool for the quantitative evaluation of a CBPH program and to test theory-driven pathways of associations among participation, social capital, empowerment and health outcomes. This study used a participatory and mixed methods approach. Formative research, including a literature review, survey results over the past 2 years, focus group interviews and participatory evaluation committee meetings, was conducted. Four program components—participation, social capital, empowerment and quality of life (QoL)—were identified and used to construct a validated evaluation tool. A total of 317 participants (89.9% women, mean age = 57.7 ± 11.5 years) responded to the survey. The data were analyzed for internal consistency and factor structure. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the theoretical pathways of health promotion through the CBPH program. The SEM results showed two significant mediation pathways such that participation in interventions was associated with higher QoL via social capital accumulation and improved empowerment. Our results exemplify a validated scale that can be used to evaluate the intermediate- and long-term outcomes of a CBPH program.
Tinker, Tailor, Twitter, Lie: Government Disinformation and Freedom of Expression in a Post-Truth Era
Authors: Pentney Katie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The spread of disinformation has received significant attention in recent years, yet little has been paid to government disinformation, and whether governments may violate freedom of expression not only in how they regulate disinformation, but also in how they facilitate, sow and spread it. This article analyses whether and to what extent Article 10 of the ECHR is engaged by government disinformation. It extends the analysis from well-established violations of freedom of expression—overt censorship and withholding information—into novel forms of government interference in the ‘post-truth’ age: false claims of ‘fake news’ levelled at the press and intentional lies about matters of public importance. These latter categories warrant further attention, as governments can cause just as much harm to public discourse and debate by intentionally injecting falsehoods as by censoring truth. A purposive approach to freedom of expression is needed to protect not only the means of expression, but also the ends—vibrant democratic discourse and meaningful public debate.
The Relationship between Body Appreciation and Health Behaviors among Women and Adolescent Girls: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nolen Erin , Panisch Lisa S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Literature on body image and health behaviors has largely been pathology-based, investigating body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Body appreciation is a useful construct of positive body image and has been used to understand its relationship with health behaviors beyond eating. This scoping review explores the literature on the relationship between body appreciation and physical health-promoting behaviors and health-compromising behaviors. A comprehensive search of databases was conducted to gather correlational studies written in English between January 2005 and November 2019. Behaviors related to eating and exercise were excluded. Nine quantitative studies met inclusion criteria. Evidence suggests an overall positive relationship between body appreciation and health-promoting behaviors, including preventive sexual health behaviors, preventive cancer behaviors, and seeking medical attention. Alternatively, body appreciation is negatively associated with health-compromising behaviors including risky sexual activity and alcohol and tobacco use. Promoting positive body image, above and beyond the reduction of body dissatisfaction, may play a crucial role in the health and well-being of women and girls. Research that examines positive body image in groups that are racially diverse and include sexual and gender minorities and people without healthcare access is urgently needed.
Combining scientific survey and commercial catch data to map fish distribution
Authors: Alglave Baptiste , Rivot Etienne , Etienne Marie-Pierre , Woillez Mathieu , Thorson James T , Vermard Youen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Developing Species Distribution Models (SDM) for marine exploited species is a major challenge in fisheries ecology. Classical modelling approaches typically rely on fish research survey data. They benefit from a standardized sampling design and a controlled catchability, but they usually occur once or twice a year and they may sample a relatively small number of spatial locations. Spatial monitoring of commercial data (based on logbooks crossed with Vessel Monitoring Systems) can provide an additional extensive data source to inform fish spatial distribution. We propose a spatial hierarchical framework integrating both data sources while accounting for preferential sampling (PS) of commercial data. From simulations, we demonstrate that PS should be accounted for in estimation when PS is actually strong. When commercial data far exceed scientific data, the later bring little information to spatial predictions in the areas sampled by commercial data, but bring information in areas with low fishing intensity and provide a validation dataset to assess the integrated model consistency. We applied the framework to three demersal species (hake, sole, and squids) in the Bay of Biscay that emphasize contrasted PS intensity and we demonstrate that the framework can account for several fleets with varying catchabilities and PS behaviours.
The global burden of peptic ulcer disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Ren Jiajia , Jin Xuting , Li Jiamei , Li Ruohan , Gao Ya , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Xiaochuang , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common diseases in gastroenterology clinics. However, reported data about the global burden of peptic ulcer disease are still scarce.

Methods
This was a secondary data analysis on the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to peptic ulcer disease by sex, age group and socio-demographic index (SDI) at the global level in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019.

Results
Globally, the prevalence cases of peptic ulcer disease increased from 6 434 103 (95% uncertainty interval 5 405 963 to 7 627 971) in 1990 to 8 090 476 (6 794 576 to 9 584 000) in 2019. However, the age-standardized prevalence rate decreased from 143.4 (120.5 to 170.2) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 99.4 (83.9 to 117.5) per 100 000 population in 2019. Moreover, the age-standardized mortality rate decreased by 59.4% (55.3 to 63.1) and the DALYs rate fell by 60.6% (56.8 to 63.9) from 1990 to 2019. Across SDI quintiles, low-middle and low SDI quintiles had the highest age-standardized prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates from 1990 to 2019.

Conclusion
The age-standardized prevalence, mortality and DALYs estimates of peptic ulcer disease decreased from 1990 to 2019 globally, but more efforts are needed for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease in low SDI and low-middle SDI groups of countries.
Impact of Latent Tuberculosis on Diabetes
Authors: Tepekule Burcu , Kusejko Katharina , Zeeb Marius , Tarr Philip E , Calmy Alexandra , Battegay Manuel , Furrer Hansjakob , Cavassini Matthias , Bernasconi Enos , Notter Julia , Günthard Huldrych F , Nemeth Johannes , Kouyos Roger D ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Abela I , Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Hachfeld A , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Kusejko K , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nemeth J , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Wandeler G , Yerly S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While an increased risk of active and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in people with type-2 diabetes (DM) has been demonstrated, it is less well characterized whether LTBI is associated with an increased risk of developing DM. We investigated the link between LTBI and DM in people living with HIV in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study via time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. We found that LTBI significantly increased the risk of developing DM (HR = 1.47), which was robust across different adjustment and censoring techniques. Our results thus suggest that LTBI may be associated with an increased risk of developing DM.