bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The velocity structure of the intracluster medium of the Centaurus cluster
Authors: Gatuzz Efrain , Sanders J S , Canning R , Dennerl K , Fabian A C , Pinto C , Russell H , Tamura T , Walker S A , ZuHone J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
There are few direct measurements of the intracluster medium (ICM) velocity structure, despite its importance for understanding clusters. We present a detailed analysis of the velocity structure of the Centaurus cluster using XMM–Newton observations. Using a new European Photon Imaging Camera-pn energy scale calibration, which uses the Cu Kα instrumental line as reference, we are able to obtain velocity measurements with uncertainties down to Δ$\mathit{ v}$ ∼ 79 km s−1. We create 2D spectral maps for the velocity, metallicity, temperature, density, entropy, and pressure with a spatial resolution of 0.25 arcmin. We have found that the velocity structure of the ICM is similar to the velocity structure of the main galaxies, while the cold fronts are likely moving in a plane perpendicular to our line of sight with low velocity. Finally, we have found a contribution from the kinetic component of $\lt 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to the total energetic budget for a radius &gt;30 kpc.
QRNAstruct: a method for extracting secondary structural features of RNA via regression with biological activity
Authors: Terai Goro , Asai Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent technological advances have enabled the generation of large amounts of data consisting of RNA sequences and their functional activity. Here, we propose a method for extracting secondary structure features that affect the functional activity of RNA from sequence–activity data. Given pairs of RNA sequences and their corresponding bioactivity values, our method calculates position-specific structural features of the input RNA sequences, considering every possible secondary structure of each RNA. A Ridge regression model is trained using the structural features as feature vectors and the bioactivity values as response variables. Optimized model parameters indicate how secondary structure features affect bioactivity. We used our method to extract intramolecular structural features of bacterial translation initiation sites and self-cleaving ribozymes, and the intermolecular features between rRNAs and Shine–Dalgarno sequences and between U1 RNAs and splicing sites. We not only identified known structural features but also revealed more detailed insights into structure–activity relationships than previously reported. Importantly, the datasets we analyzed here were obtained from different experimental systems and differed in size, sequence length and similarity, and number of RNA molecules involved, demonstrating that our method is applicable to various types of data consisting of RNA sequences and bioactivity values.
The Effect of Tobacco Control Mass Media Campaigns on Smoking-Related Behavior Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Perman-Howe Parvati R , McNeill Ann , Brose Leonie S , Tildy Bernadett E , Langley Tessa E , Robson Debbie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco control mass media campaigns (MMCs) can be effective generally, but little is known about their effects among people with mental illness. The objectives of this study were to systematically review: (1) Whether tobacco control MMCs affect smoking-related outcomes among people with mental illness. (2) Cost-effectiveness.

Aims and Methods
Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library (searched March 2021), reference lists of included articles and relevant systematic reviews. Study eligibility criteria: Population: Adults with mental illness and experience of smoking tobacco and/or using other nicotine-containing products. Intervention/exposure: Tobacco control MMC messages. Comparator: No exposure, other tobacco control intervention(s), no comparator. Primary outcome: Changes in quitting behaviors. Study design: All primary research. Quantitative data were appraised using the EPHPP tool, qualitative data using CASP’s Studies Checklist. Data were synthesized narratively.

Results
Eight studies were included, seven were at high risk of bias. There was inconclusive evidence of the effect of MMCs on quit attempts and intentions to quit among people with mental illness. Increasing advertisement exposure did not increase quit attempts or intentions to quit among those with mental illness, however, increased exposure to an advertisement that addressed smoking and mental health did. None of the studies assessed cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions
Findings should be interpreted with caution as data are limited and of low or moderate quality. There is evidence to suggest that tobacco control MMCs have limited impact on those with mental illness, although campaigns that are specific to smoking and mental health may be effective.

Implications
There is a paucity of good-quality evidence of the effect of tobacco control MMC messages among people with mental illness. Careful consideration should be given to the design of future studies that evaluate MMCs in order to minimize the risk of bias, establish causality, and ensure the findings reflect real-world implementation. Further research should examine the need for MMC messages that address mental health.
Introduction
Authors: Vaidhyanathan Siva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the argument that Facebook has contributed to a number of current societal issues. Its leaders have stressed that they are deeply committed to making the world a better place. The chapter outlines several dangerous aspects on the dominance of Facebook as a form of social media, and in people's lives and over their minds. It explains the unhindered spread of false, misleading, or radicalizing content through Facebook, which can particularly be seen in post-election stories. An example of this is the flurry of "fake news." The chapter looks at a structural problem wherein Facebook amplifies content that hits strong emotional registers, whether of joy or indignation. It defines the term "filter bubble," which describes the ways that Google and Facebook operate to aid companies to find out what consumers are looking for.
The Pleasure Machine
Authors: Vaidhyanathan Siva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores why Facebook is valuable, despite all the problems it facilitates and all the hatred it amplifies. It points out how people derive value from reconnecting with old acquaintances, interacting with new Friends, finding causes to join, watching funny videos, and playing games. It also clarifies how Facebook lowers the transaction costs of maintaining relationships across great distances. The chapter looks at how Facebook manipulates, describing aspects of its design that draw people back to the flow of images and emotions that constitute the News Feed on Facebook pages. It talks about Facebook's techniques to measure the relative happiness or satisfaction with aspects of the service, including its researchers who identify and maximize exposure to the things that push people to be happier and minimize exposure to things that cause anxiety or unhappiness.
The Surveillance Machine
Authors: Vaidhyanathan Siva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at retired Marine and reporter for The Ware Horse, Thomas Brennan, who noticed that the Facebook group for Marines, in his words, changed into a source of "revenge porn." It talks about men who successfully exploit the power that visual exposure of women grants them. It examines how humiliation is coordinated on a massive scale through small cameras attached to mobile devices linked to applications that promise rapid delivery to a targeted and motivated audience. The chapter discusses the ubiquity of powerful instruments that record images, videos, and sound which enable malicious distribution of the most humiliating items, injuring the spirit, morale, comfort, and careers of millions of women. It emphasizes how everyone who carries a camera attached to a mobile phone is an agent of surveillance.
The Attention Machine
Authors: Vaidhyanathan Siva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the Ice Bucket Challenge that professional golfer Greg Norman sparked during his appearance on the American morning news show Today in 2015. It delves into the spectacular success of the Ice Bucket Challenge, as it was able to raise money for essential research towards treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It also discusses the cause that makes the catchiest, cutest, or most clever Facebook campaign, which generates the most financial support and is a terrible way to determine where charitable contributions should go. The chapter details how the media ecosystem becomes more polluted and fractured as each player in it experiments with new designs to steal attention and then hold it long enough to convince the potential customer to take some action. It describes the transition to an information economy which involved the rise of industries completely devoted to capturing people's attention.
The Disinformation Machine
Authors: Vaidhyanathan Siva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the revelation of Facebook in September 2016, wherein advertising accounts based in Russia had precisely targeted advertisement at segments of American voters with propaganda intended to undermine support for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign. It examines how the speculation from 2016 showed the depth of Russian meddling in American democracy, confirming the fact that Cambridge Analytica was involved with Russia. It also points out the contribution and profit of Facebook from the erosion of democratic practice and norms in the United States and elsewhere. The chapter looks at a report in the Washington Post in November 2016, which states that Russian-based organizations and companies had seeded Facebook with disinformation and intended to undermine faith in American democracy. It considers how tradition of accountability and transparency does not matter to Facebook.
The Human Rights Model
Authors: Erueti Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the first working group, virtually all indigenous advocates were northern-based and most of the observer governments were from CANZUS/Northern or Latin American states. Chapter 2 talks about the emergence of new indigenous movements of Asia and Africa in the second working group and their use of a human rights model to secure their participation in the Declaration negotiations. Formerly regarded as tribal peoples due to their cultural difference and marginal status within states, this group re-styled themselves as indigenous peoples to access the negotiations and the new rights being developed in the UN. Their presence significantly bolstered a shift from the decolonization model toward a human rights model. This created divisions not only between the Northern and Southern movements but within the Northern movement as the human rights model became the Declaration’s principal interpretative model. The chapter tracks these developments right up to the eleventh hour negotiations in the UN General Assembly before the Declaration’s adoption in 2007 with the African Union attempts to remove the self-determination framework from the Declaration.
Applying the Mixed-Model Interpretative Approach
Authors: Erueti Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 presents a review of indigenous rights reforms in the North and South following the adoption of the UN Declaration. It notes the persistent objection to indigenous rights by Asian and African states, and the ambivalence of Latin America states toward the Declaration. The chapter also notes the preference within the CANZUS states—and to a large extent, too, for indigenous advocates in these states—for a human rights reading of the Declaration. The mixed model advanced in this book, can address these challenges. It will benefit the Southern movements, particularly the Asian and African movements, by removing state concerns with the category of indigenous peoples and the self-determination framework. It would also lead to clearer positioning of the decolonization model as the interpretative model in the North. The chapter concludes with three case studies to demonstrate the model’s value in claims to land rights and natural resources and in the context of the interpretation of the right to FPIC.
George Platt Lynes
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This is a biography of George Platt Lynes (1907–1955), the gregarious American portrait, dance, fashion, and male nude photographer whose career spanned the late 1920s through his early death. From age eighteen, Lynes entered the cosmopolitan world of the American expatriate community in Paris when he became acquainted with the salon of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas. Intending to pursue a writing and small-press publishing career, Lynes also began photographing authors like Stein, Jean Cocteau, André Gide, and Colette. Soon, he turned exclusively to photography, establishing himself as one of the premier fashion photographers in the Condé Nast stable, documenting the ballet companies of George Balanchine/Lincoln Kirstein, and pursuing a private obsession with seductive images of young male nudes rarely published in his lifetime. Lynes’s personal life was as glamorous and theatrical as his images with their brilliant studio lighting and dramatic Surrealist setups. Barely out of his teens, he met publisher Monroe Wheeler, who was already in a relationship with emerging expatriate novelist Glenway Wescott. The peripatetic threesome maintained a polyamorous connection that lasted some fifteen years. Their New York apartment became a mecca for elegant name-dropping dinner parties. Their ménage-a-trois complicates our understanding of the pre-Stonewall gay “closet.” This biography, drawing upon intimate letters and an unpublished memoir of Lynes’s life by his brother, the writer and editor Russell Lynes, paints a portrait of the emerging influence of gays and lesbians across cultural genres that defined transatlantic cosmopolitan culture and presaged later gay political consciousness.
A New Career
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Financial considerations encourage George’s return home to Englewood from Paris in early spring 1929. There is some question of buying back the Park Place Bookshop. A day after his twenty-second birthday, George is rushed to the hospital for a ruptured appendix. He survives surgery and peritonitis, then is laid up for weeks. He grows moody facing a summer in suburban New Jersey while the rest of the Lyneses plan a European trip. By luck, Monroe and Glenway visit stateside and keep George entertained in the city and at the rectory. One night, George shows “the boys” his Kodak photos from Corsica, Villefranche, and Paris. Immediately, Monie and Glen are impressed. They arrange a loan of camera equipment from their friend Hope Weil who also counsels George. The 1929 Crash, frightful to the family’s finances, impresses upon George the need to assume adult responsibilities. Photography might be a professional path, not just a hobby.
Fifty Photographs and a Family Wedding at City Hall
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
George’s 1934 show with Julien Levy presents famous faces, including André Gide, Gertrude Stein, Carl Van Vechten, and Lily Pons. Glenway contributes the exhibit’s poster essay. George photographs Balanchine’s ballet premier at Kirstein’s invitation, beginning twenty years as official photographer of successive Balanchine/Kirstein companies. Barbara Harrison visits New York. Fascism in Europe threatens future war. Printing HOP editions on the continent becomes costly. Barbara is integrated into Monie and George’s lively social life. On her meeting Lloyd Wescott, instant attraction encourages serious dating. She and Lloyd marry in April 1935. In summer, Monroe and George travel abroad on a German liner forbidding Jewish passengers. As a member of MOMA’s Library Committee, Monie curates a striking exhibition on contemporary bookbinding. Glenway struggles to regain career traction after long expatriation in France. The dynamic on East 89th Street leaves him odd man out. George consolidates his reputation in fashion and portraiture, while privately photographing unexhibitable male nudes.
Models, Myths, 640 Madison Avenue
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 1937, George moves to a larger studio with an office and two darkrooms. He maintains boxes painted white to pose models and a taxidermy collection for his mythology series. Dora Maxwell becomes his capable secretary/office manager, as well as an excellent darkroom printer. Without air conditioning, in summer large blocks of ice barely cool models wilting under high-wattage lights. Jukebox music keeps up everyone’s spirits. GPL has steady commercial accounts with major department stores, his photos regularly appearing in top fashion magazines. He befriends designer Muriel King, through whom he photographs Katharine Hepburn. His favored models include Laurie “Dougie” Douglas, Liz Gibbons, and Lisa Fonssagrives. All esteem George for the sureness of his methods and his personal allure. His best mythology pictures, like Actaeon, compress fantastical narrative elements into pictorial terms. In 1938, Monroe becomes MOMA’s director of membership, and he, George, Lloyd, and Barbara join his work vacation touring Mexico.
A Gutsy and Courageous Performance
Authors: Ellenzweig Allen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reichenbach welcomes George to Paris. Within days, George meets a picture-dealer, hoping to sell art to pay medical bills. His energy renewed, he tours Paris and socializes with Gloria Swanson. George introduces Reichenbach to Tennessee Williams, then they dine out. George now finds Tennessee “enchanting, almost.” News that George dyed his hair reaches Perlin. George reassures him he has re-dyed it after suffering “abuse.” At an outdoor luncheon, Lynes takes a final classic portrait of a French Legionnaire in braided uniform. Later from Rome, George complains of chest pains. He ponders remaining in Paris where he has more professional “prestige.” George visits Tchelitchew while in Rome. He returns to New York but by mid-November is hospitalized, dreadfully pained by brain cancer. His condition declines, although permitted evening outings to the ballet or Julie Andrews in The Boy Friend. After a week of near coma, he dies on December 6, 1955.
Outsourcing Duty
Authors: Robillard Michael , Strawser Bradley 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Are contemporary soldiers exploited by the state and society that they defend? More specifically, have America’s professional service members been uniquely exploited insofar as they have disproportionately carried the moral weight of America’s collective warfighting decisions since the inception of the all-volunteer force post-Vietnam and particularly since 9/11? In this work, Michael Robillard and Bradley Strawser argue that many of American soldiers have indeed been exploited in this unique way. By offering their original normative theory of “moral exploitation”—the notion that persons or groups can be wrongfully exploited by being made to shoulder an excessive amount of moral responsibility, moral risk, and exposure to “dirty hands”—Robillard and Strawser make the case that such a state of affairs describes America’s present relationship with its military. By offering a thorough and in-depth analysis of some of the exploitative and misleading elements of present-day military recruitment, the pernicious civil-military divide existing between military members and the civilian principle both within the organs of government and the public at large, and the stifling effect that “thank you for your service,” “I support the troops” culture has had on serious public engagement concerning America’s ongoing wars, Robillard and Strawser offer a tour de force of eye-opening arguments on the demoralizing state of affairs of the American soldier. They conclude by arguing for several normative and prudential prescriptions to help close this ever-widening fissure existing between America and its military and existing within America herself. In so doing, their work gives a much needed and urgent voice to America’s other 1%.
Remembering the ‘Forgotten’ Pandemic
Authors: Mawdsley Hannah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Following the 1918–19 pandemic, medical research embraced the ‘Spanish’ Flu as a subject for intense study. In contrast, the popular and cultural memory of the pandemic remained obscured and disparate. In the 1970s Richard Collier, a journalist and historian, embarked upon a narrative book project about the 1918–19 flu. To generate his raw material, he placed adverts in newspapers around the world, inviting personal recollections of ordinary people’s experiences of this global phenomenon. The response surpassed his expectations and demonstrated the latent cultural memory of the pandemic which persisted around the world. Although Collier’s book was not a bestseller, his research captured and preserved the largest known collection of eyewitness accounts of the 1918–19 pandemic, first in his personal archive and later at the Imperial War Museum. This collection has since proven invaluable to academics and the media for revealing stories of the pandemic beyond the official accounts.
‘When Two Crises Meet Each Other’
Authors: Thimm Utz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ‘Spanish’ Flu pandemic was remembered differently in the neighbouring Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands. During the Great War, almost all of Belgium was occupied by German troops. Although the pandemic was reported in the censored press, the attention of the Belgians focused on the war and the liberation of the country, even as influenza raged. Subsequently, historians of Belgium have shown little awareness of the ‘Spanish’ Flu. Across the border, the Netherlands remained neutral. The Dutch still suffered from the consequences of the war, but incomparably less so than the Belgians. Dutch literature of the period featured a few reflections of the influenza pandemic, and Dutch historians have shown some awareness of the impact of the ‘Spanish’ Flu—which incidentally entered from Germany—on their own country. At the end of the war, hardly any news from the colonies reached both countries. When lines of communication were reopened, it transpired that mortality rates from influenza in the Belgian Congo and the Dutch East Indies had been up to ten times higher than those in Europe. Yet, memories of the widescale suffering in the colonies were neglected in the historiography.
Representation and Remembrance
Authors: Arnold David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite India losing between 12 and 20 million people to influenza in 1918–19, the highest mortality anywhere in the world, the epidemic has been remarkably neglected in recorded memories and historical narratives of the period. This great mortality and its subsequent remembrance were largely subsumed in, or overshadowed by, Indian participation in the First World War and official memorialisation of its casualties, actual or incipient famine across large parts of the subcontinent, the economic and administrative disruption caused by the war and a new phase of nationalist militancy against British rule, led by Mohandas Gandhi, centring on the Rowlatt Satyagraha and Amritsar massacre of April 1919. Unlike its vigorous interventionism against the plague epidemic of the 1890s, the colonial regime believed itself powerless to check the spread of influenza and adopted few preventive or remedial measures, and so had scant reason to celebrate its own role. That said, some Europeans and Indians did record or recall their deep sense of personal loss, the shock of witnessing mortality on such an unprecedented scale and the impact on their lives of India’s devastating ‘war fever’.