bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrites and Bacteria in Fresh Carrot Juice Made from Roots Stored at High Temperatures1
Authors: Hall C. B. , Stall R. E. , Hicks J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Juice made from carrots stored at 20, 25, 30 or 35°C for 0,2,4 or 8 days contained negligible amounts of nitrite when sampled immediately. The bacterial populations were higher in juice made from carrots stored for longer periods and at the higher temperatures. Juices incubated at 35°C for 4 hours accumulated nitrite in amounts that tended to correspond to the bacterial populations in the fresh juices.
Evaluation of Daminozide on ‘Concord’ Grapevines of Different Fruit Set Potential1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Cawthon D. L. , Spayd S. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), at rates of 0, 1000, and 2000 ppm, was applied between first and peak bloom to 2 adjacent ‘Concord’ (Vitus labrusca L.) vineyards: a 9-year-old vineyard with a histoty of good fruit set and a 19-year-old vineyard with a history of poor fruit set. No significant yield increase was obtained in the young vineyard, but there was a tendency for lower soluble solids and poorer juice color due to daminozide. Yields were increased by 2.4 and 3.3 MT/ha by 1000 and 2000 ppm daminozide, respectively, in the older vineyard with no significant effect on juice quality. The one-year increase in yield of grapes in the older vineyard was accompanied by a reduction in vine size.
In Vitro Shoot Formation in Lowbush Blueberry Seedling Explants1
Authors: Nickerson N. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Select clones of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) are propagated vegetatively from stem or rhizome cuttings, but this method permits only a slow increase in the number of desired plants. A rapid in vitro propagation system would reduce the time required to build up stocks of superior material. In an attempt to develop such a system, the ability of various lowbush blueberry tissues to form shoots in vitro is being studied. This paper reports on de novo shoot formation in cultured seedling explants.
Height Control of Pixie Poinsettia with a Granular Formulation of Ancymidol1
Authors: Wilfret G. J. , Harbaugh B. K. , Nell T. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A granular formulation of ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5pyrimidine] was compared to ancymidol and chlormequat [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] drenches for height control of multi-branched poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.) grown in 10 cm diameter pots. Granular ancymidol at 0.125 mg ai/pot retarded plant growth with no retardation in bract diameter. Granular ancymidol at 0.25 mg ai/pot was as effective as 0.5 mg ancymidol applied as a drench and produced the ideally proportioned plants. All ancymidol treatments were more effective in height retardation than chlormequat applied at 240 mg ai/pot. Bract diameter was reduced in all ancymidol treatments and 0.5 mg ai/pot.
Susceptibility of Conifer Cotyledons and Primary Needles to Acute Doses of SO21
Authors: Smith H. J. , Davis D. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nine conifer species, including 3 selections of Scotch pine, were exposed to SO2 dosages of 1310 µg/m3 (0.5 ppm) for 5 hours, 2620 µg/m3 (1.0 ppm) for 4 hours, or 5240 µg/m3 (2.0 ppm) for 2 hours. Seedlings in the cotyledon and primary needle stages were utilized throughout the study. Significant injury occurred only at the highest concentration. Pine species (Pinus spp) were more susceptible to SO2 than were spruce (Picea spp.), fir (Abies spp.) or Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga sp.). The 3 Scotch pine selections and ponderosa pine were more susceptible than Austrian pine species. Balsam fir, Douglas-fir, Fraser fir, white fir, blue spruce, and white spruce were not injured.
Production of Ficus elastica ‘Decora’ Standards1
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Best commercial quality of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem ‘Decora standards were produced when single stem plants were topped at either 76 or 46 cm above the soil line and grown under 90 or 70 klx on 27 or 36 g 18−3−10 (N−P−K) per 30 cm container per 6 months. Number of branches per standard decreased as shade level increased, but height and plant quality were greater under shade than in full sun. Branched standards over 1 m tall were produced in 16 months from rooted single-eye cuttings, and were of excellent quality
‘Nakada’ Holly1
Authors: Dudley T. R. , Eisenbeiss G. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ilex crenata Thunb. is one of nearly 200 species of holly indigenous to eastern and southeastern Asia. The species was introduced into cultivation in Europe about 1864, and into the U.S. shortly afterwards. Ilex crenata is probably the most successful small-leaved evergreen, dioecious shrub in the eastern U.S. for use in foundation plantings, as accent plants and in hedges. At the present time more than 125 named cultivars of I. crenata have been introduced into cultivation. These clonal sections are distinguished by different habits and rates of growth, varying leaf shapes and sizes, contrasts in adaptability to variable landscape purposes, and versatility in hardiness, as well as heat tolerance.
‘Clusterberry’ Holly1
Authors: Eisenbeiss Gene K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ilex (aquifoium cornuta) ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ leucoclada ‘Clusterberry’, U.S. National Arboretum Accesion No. 28313 and PI 422216 is a new introduction from the National Arboretum as part of its hybridizing program in Ilex for improved plants for landscape use (1). It is a spreading, medium sized shrub with large, broad, soft leathery, fine spined, evergreen leaves, and glossy red fruit displayed in large dense clusters.
‘Apollo’ Holly1
Authors: Eisenbeiss Gene K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ilex (serrata ⨯ verticillata) ‘Apollo’, U.S. National Arboretum Accession No. 29739 and PI 422217, is a new introduction from the U.S. National Arboretum as part of its hybridizing program in Ilex for improved plants for landscape use (1). The selection is a large multi-stemmed deciduous staminate shrub as a preferred pollinator for its pistillate sibling selection ‘Sparkleberry’.
In Vitro Propagation of Kalanchoe1
Authors: Smith R. H. , Nightingale A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have achieved a rapid (4-6 weeks from culture initiation to potted plant-lets) in vitro method for clonal propagation of Kalanchoe bossfeldiana Poelln. The resulting potted plants have increased branching and shorter inter-nodes than plants established by conventional propagation methods, making them commercially desirable. This in vitro method has potential for rapid propagation of new Kalanchoe cultivars, as each leaf, shoot tip, and stem section could be used as an expiant for culture. This plant is widely available and is ideal for classroom demonstration of tissue culture.
Homogenization as an Aid in Tissue Culture Propagation of Platycerium and Davallia1
Authors: Cooke Ron C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Platycerium (staghorn fern) and Davallia (rabbit’s foot fern) plantlets initiated in vitro were aseptically homogenized and dispensed volumetrically into plastic tissue culture containers. The resultant cultures grew rapidly and were successfully transferred to soil. This method offers an alternative for separation and distribution of previously multiplied plantlets in the culture step prior to transplantation in soil.
Mechanical Stresses and Muskmelon Fruit Quality1
Authors: Foster R. E. , Gentry J. P. , Bessey P. M. , Harriott B. L. , Brendle M. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) at standard harvest maturities tolerated mechanical stresses, such as dropping 90-120 cm or squeezing with 31.8 kg force, without showing increased damage rates. There were no important differences found between 4 cultivars and 1 breeding line.
Measurement of Pod-wall Resistance to the Cowpea Curculio in the Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)1
Authors: Fery R. L. , Cuthbert F. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
California Blackeye No. 5, a cultivar highly susceptible to the cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman), was crossed with Ala. 963.8, one of the best available sources of pod-wall resistance (inhibition of pod-wall penetration) to the curculio. Forty F7 progeny lines developed from random F2 plants and the parental lines were grown in a field naturally infested by the curculio and evaluated for pod-wall resistance and the following pod and seed characteristics: pod:seed (PS) ratio, pod diameter, pod length, pod weight, pod-wall fiber content, pod-wall thickness, weight per 50 seeds, interseed space, pod surface contour, and seed shape. Except for the PS ratio, none of the pod or seed characteristics were associated with resistance. The PS ratio was negatively correlated with pod-wall resistance and accounted for a significant portion of the variation in curculio penetration success. These findings suggest that pod-wall resistance can be efficiently evaluated by means of PS ratio measurements.
Variations in the Yielding Ability of Sweet Potato under Drought Stress and Minimum Input Conditions1
Authors: Villareal R. L. , Lin S. H. , Lai S. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of 381 sweet potato cultivais and 464 breeding lines for root yield under drought stress and minimum input conditions following a rice crop revealed certain genotypes that surpassed the tropical Asian yield average by at least 100%. Such genotypes appeared to possess both drought tolerance and good yielding ability.
Reduction in Russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples with Silicon Dioxide Formulations and Gibberellins A4+71
Authors: Edgerton L. J. , Veinbrants N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 2-spray treatment of Apasil, a formulation containing silicon dioxide, applied at petal fall and at petal fall + 7 to 10 days reduced russeting 20 to 30% in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The application of gibberellins 4+7 (GA4+7) at 25 to 50 ppm also reduced russet in these trials. The application of GA4+7 at 25 ppm with silicon dioxide formulation improved control over that obtained with either material alone. The addition of chlorothaonil as a surfactant with the combination provided additional benefit.
A Technique for Propagating Container-grown Citrus on Sour Orange Rootstock in Texas1
Authors: Maxwell Norman P. , Lyons Calvin G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Container-grown sour orange seedlings were cleft grafted in 1975, 1976 and 1977 with ‘Redblush’ grapefruit, placed in 2 types of humidity chambers (polyethylene tents and sacks) to increase survival, and evaluated for growth under full sun and 60% shade. Cleft grafting resulted in greater than 90% successful graft unions in all years. The type of humidity chamber used did not influence the percent of successful unions between rootstock and scion. In a 60-day period, grafted plants grown in full sun with a windbreak were 47% larger and produced larger and more luxuriant foliage than similar aged plants grown under 60% shade.
Vase Life of Cut Flowers Treated with Rhizobitoxine Analogs, Sodium Benzoate, and Isopentenyl Adenosine1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Baker J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Addition of rhizbitoxin analogs to holding solutions extended vase life of bulbous iris flowers (Iris xiphium L), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus L.) and chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). Sodium benzoate also increased vase life of daffodils butnot of irises and chrysanthemums. Isopentenyl adenosine delayed senesence of irises but not of chrysanthemums. None of the chemicals tested extended the vase life of roses (Rosa hybrida L). Ethylene production in rose petal tissue was reduced by rhizobitoxine analogs indicating that roses do not have a rhizobitoxine-resistant ethylene producing system. Results suggested that either roses are sensitive to low levels of ethylene or their senescence is triggered by factors other than ethylene.
Chemical Induction of Adventitious Shoots in Anthurium1
Authors: Higaki T. , Rasmussen H. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Benzyladenine (BA), 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA), and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 100-1500 mg/liter induced adventitious buds in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L.). Maximum adventitious shoot formation was produced with BA at 1000 mg/liter (3.6) followed by PBA 1500 mg/liter (2.2) and ethephon at 1000 mg/liter (1.8). Control plants exhibited no adventitious shoot formation.
Differences in Chilling Effects on Shoot Emergence from the Bulb and on Leaf Emergence from the Scale Bulblet in Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Matsuo E. , Arisumi K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot emergence from the bulb was promoted, while leaf emergence from the scale bulblet was retarded as the chilling duration of bulbs was increased from 0 to 5 weeks prior to planting or to scale propagation.
Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Stimulates Flowering in Caladium hortulanum Birdsey1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Wilfret G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stored ‘Candidum,’ ‘Carolyn Whorton,’ and ‘Frieda Hemple’ caladium tubers were soaked for 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 hours in 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions to determine if flowering could be enhanced during the subsequent forcing period. Mean number of inflorescences produced per plant with no soaking was 0.2, 0.7, and 0.0 for ‘Frieda Hemple,’ ‘Candidum,’ and ‘Carolyn Whorton’ respectively, while tubers soaked in 250 mg/liter GA3 for 16 hours at 23°C averaged 2.4, 3.7, and 4.0 inflorescences per plant, respectively. There was no significant difference in number of inflorescences per plant from tubers treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/liter GA3. Optimum soaking time was 8 hours for ‘Frieda Hemple’ and ‘Carolyn Whorton,’ and 16 hours for ‘Candidum.’
Three Simple Demonstrations of the Physical Effects of Soil Amendment1
Authors: Art Spomer L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil physical amendment (soil mixing) is a widespread horticultural practice. Unfortunately, it is often done with little understanding of the principles involved or the physical effects produced. Three simple demonstrations are described which have proved helpful in explaining the physical effects of soil amendment in classroom and extension presentations. These exercises use simple volume measurements and require commonly available supplies including containers, a volume measure, a sieve, plastic sheets, and media components such as soil and sand. The differences between component and mixture water retention are used to demonstrate the effect of amendment on porosity, water retention, and aeration. Some sample results and discussion questions are included.
Sugar Composition of Papayas during Fruit Development1
Authors: Chan Harvey T. , Hibbard Kenneth L. , Goo Theodore , Akamine Ernest K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sugar composition of papaya (Carica papaya L.) during fruit development was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Sucrose made up less than 18% of the total sugar content 110 days after anthesis and increased rapidly to make up 80% of the sugars about 135 days after anthesis. The dramatic changes in sugar content and composition at 110 days after anthesis corresponded with the commencement of color changes of seed and pulp.
Greenhouse Heat Conservation and the Effect of Wind on Heat Loss
Authors: Goldsberry K. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The topic “heat conservation” has “cooled” recently and the greenhouse industry is becoming more and more complacent. Many researchers jumped on a heat conservation bandwagon for funding purposes and have been riding a fad. However, some interesting data were produced during the past 3 to 4 years, but when the information was conveyed to the greenhouse operator, there was and still is very limited response. Many say they will put in a poly liner next year or modify the structure to include a thermal curtain. Some growers are passing increased fuel costs on to the consumer and not worrying about conservation. Most growers probably fall into the category of keeping the same prices they had 10 years ago and doing nothing about conservation.
Heating Greenhouses in Northern Climates with Power Plant Reject Heat
Authors: Ashley Gary C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since 1970, Northern States Power Company (NSP) has been investigating beneficial uses of the heat energy available in condenser cooling water at electric generating plants. The concept of utilizing condenser cooling water for agricultural heating applications proposed initially by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the late 1960’s was of particular interest to NSP, since new generating plants were then in the planning stages that would utilize closed-cycle cooling systems. Close-cycle cooling system designs result in condenser outlet water temperatures of generally not less than 85° F during the winter heating season. With this knowledge, Northern States Power Company approached the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and requested their assistance to determine the best potential application for utilizing condenser cooling waters in agricultural applications. After extensive investigation into the field of waste heat utilization and several visits to waste heat related projects, the University of Minnesota advised that the concept of utilizing this waste heat for greenhouse heating appeared to have near-term potential.
An Anomaly of the Calyx End of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruits Associated with Fluoride Exposure1
Authors: Seeley Earl J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abnormal development of the calyx end of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) results in roundish-oblate fruit with rudimentary calyx lobes in a flattened basin. Persistent symptoms were caused by holding fruits at −1 to −2°C for 15 min, 21 days after full bloom or by dipping fruit in aqueous NaF solutions. Dipping fruit in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or fumigating with HF produced typical foliage symptoms but did not affect fruit development.
Fluidized Bed Material as a Calcium Source for Apples1
Authors: Korcak R. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fluidized bed material (FBM), a dry, high-Ca, alkaline waste product from the combustion of coal and limestone, was used as the sole Ca source for ‘York Imperial’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in outdoor sand cultures for one season. Leaf Ca tended to increase with increasing rates of FBM and flesh Ca was not significantly increased by FBM application, although incidence of cork spot tended to be reduced. The trees showed no visible symptoms of toxicity or altered nutritional levels from the FBM treatments.
Influence of Chilling on Electrolyte Leakage and Internal Conductivity of Peach Fruits1
Authors: Furmanski R. J. , Buescher R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electrolyte leakage from tissue discs and internal conductivity of intact fruit of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were determined during storage at 1°C and after transferring to 21°. Both methods produced similar results, however, the method used for measuring internal conductivity was rapid, nondestructive, and seemed to be more sensitive. Electrolyte leakage remained fairly constant while internal conductivity tended to decline during 5 weeks of chilling. Electrolyte leakage and internal conductivity increased when fruits were transferred to 21°. At 21° fruits which had been chilled for 2 weeks had enhanced leakage while conductivity was enhanced in fruits chilled for 1 and 2 weeks. In fruits transferred to 21° after 3 or more weeks of chilling, leakage and internal conductance declined and woolliness was concomitantly detected. The binding of free ions appears to be closely associated with woolliness in peaches.
Effect of Ethephon on Color, Abscission, and Keeping Quality of ‘McFarlin’ Cranberry1
Authors: Shawa Azmi Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied in 1975, and 1977, two weeks before harvest at the rate of 1.1 kg a.i./ha increased anthocyanin content. Treatments applied in 1976 did not affect color. All applications of ethephon increased CO2 production and percentage breakdown of ‘McFarlin’ cranberry fruit but pullforce, berry size, weight, acidity, and soluble solids were unaffected.
A Combination Fluid Drill and Dry Seed Planter for Vegetable Plot Research1
Authors: Spinks J. L. , Roth L. O. , Motes J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research involving fluid drilling, the metering and planting of germinated vegetable seeds suspended in a gellike fluid, has been underway for several years (1, 3). A hand-operated, ground-driven, combination fluid drill and dry seed planter for small plot work (Fig. 1) is currently being used as a result of a joint project of the Oklahoma State University Agricultural Engineering and Horticulture Departments. The design is similar to machines described by Lickorish and Darby (2) and by W. L. Albring3 incorporating both a fluid metering unit and a cone-type dry seed metering unit into a single light-weight machine to expedite the planting of dry and germinated seed plots using the same furrow opener. Ease of operation and adjustment was considered during the design along with reliability and durability. The machine can be quickly adjusted to apply fluid rates of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ml/m of row length and dry seed metering rates of 3, 6, 9, and 12 m of row length per cone revolution.
Controlling Brambles in Established Christmas Tree Plantations with Glyphosate1,2
Authors: Gouin Francis R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Brambles (Rubus sp.) are a severe weed problem in Maryland Christmas tree plantations. They compete with the trees for water, nutrients, and light, obstruct tree shearing, mowing and harvesting operations and discourage customers from wandering through “Choose and Cut” plantings.
Polypropylene Shade Structures Increase Lepidoptera Control and Plant Quality of Chrysanthemums while Reducing the Need for Pesticides1
Authors: Schuster D. J. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Manatee Iceberg) were grown in plots in the open or under polypropylene 25% shade cloth covered structures and were either treated with pesticides or untreated. The number of stems damaged by lepidopterous larvae before harvest was reduced and chemical control efficiency increased by pest exclusion. Shade cloth improved flower quality ratings 41% and 26%, respectively. In a second experiment, plots grown as before were treated either weekly or on demand (when larval densities were >1/1.5 m2) for Lepidoptera control. Significantly fewer stems were damaged in enclosed plots with 2 insecticidal applications than with 11 applications in unenclosed plots. Shading improved flower quality ratings 29% and 22%, respectively, for plots treated weekly or on demand.
‘Mainstream’ Muskmelon1
Authors: Nugent Perry E. , Hoffman J. C. , Andrus C. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Mainstream’ is a high yielding, small-fruited muskmelon (cantaloupe), Cucumis melo L. weigh 1.1-1.4 kg, have good keeping quality, a pleasing sweet taste, and are high in Vitamin C. The plants are compact and resistant to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostow., and cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, Acalymma vittata (Fabricius), and Diabrotica balteata LeConte.
‘Freezegreen’ Southernpea1
Authors: Chambliss Oyette L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Freezegreen’ southernpea, (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) has been released by the Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station to fill a need in the processing industry for a cultivar which maintains its green seed color to maturity. ‘Freezegreen’ should have added consumer appeal because of a more uniformly green frozen pack and an enhanced green color.