bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP) Implementation Proposal in Egypt
Authors: Abdelmonem M , Wasim H , Shedid M , Elhusseny A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Massive transfusion is often defined as transfusion of adults with 10 or more of packed red blood cells units in 24 hours period or transfusion of 4 or more units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in one hour when on-going need for more transfusion is foreseeable. Massive transfusion protocol in children is defined as transfusion of &gt;40 mL/kg. Massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is a vital element of damage control resuscitation and provides a coordinated clinical response to hemorrhage in patients requiring massive blood transfusions after hospital admission. Hemorrhage is the most common cause of death within the first hour of arrival to the trauma center.

Methods/Case Report
This study aims to develop and establish the first massive protocol in Egypt to provide a consistent treatment for blood transfusion for trauma patients that will Reduce delay in ordering and administering blood products and Deliver a reasonable ratio of plasma to red blood cells. The protocol will be first implemented in a military hospital in Egypt. Developing the massive transfusion protocol will allow the practitioners to follow algorithm for rapid replacement of blood products using uncrossmatched packed red blood cells, Plasma, platelets and cryoprecipitate if necessary. Adopting the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) guidelines are the best practice around the world. The Protocol will be developed by multidisciplinary committee engagement, Blood bank, Diagnostic laboratory and Clinical care areas (OR, ER, ICU, OBS).

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
The massive transfusion protocol ratio will be 3:2 (RBC: FFP) and one units of platelets for every 6 units of RBC. according to American College of Surgeons (ACS) guidelines the ratio should be 1:1 to 1:2 (RBC: FFP). The committee established defined criteria for MTP activation and termination. The delivery time of the blood products should be between 5-10 minutes. Administration of tranexamic acid to inhibit plasminogen activation and stabilize the clot.

Conclusion
The Developing and Implementing MTP in Egypt will provide reduction in mortality for trauma and uncontrolled hemorrhage patients. Once implemented, we will regularly evaluate the use and efficacy of the MTP to ensure positive patient outcomes., the MTP will be evaluated to ensure best practice.
Pre-ataxic loss of intrinsic plasticity and motor learning in a mouse model of SCA1
Authors: Osório Catarina , White Joshua J , Lu Heiling , Beekhof Gerrit C , Fiocchi Francesca Romana , Andriessen Charlotte A , Dijkhuizen Stephanie , Post Laura , Schonewille Martijn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias are neurodegenerative diseases, the hallmark symptom of which is the development of ataxia due to cerebellar dysfunction. Purkinje cells, the principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the main cells affected in these disorders, but the sequence of pathological events leading to their dysfunction is poorly understood. Understanding the origins of Purkinje cells dysfunction before it manifests is imperative to interpret the functional and behavioural consequences of cerebellar-related disorders, providing an optimal timeline for therapeutic interventions.
Here, we report the cascade of events leading to Purkinje cells dysfunction before the onset of ataxia in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1). Spatiotemporal characterization of the ATXN1[82Q] SCA1 mouse model revealed high levels of the mutant ATXN1[82Q] weeks before the onset of ataxia. The expression of the toxic protein first caused a reduction of Purkinje cells intrinsic excitability, which was followed by atrophy of Purkinje cells dendrite arborization and aberrant glutamatergic signalling, finally leading to disruption of Purkinje cells innervation of climbing fibres and loss of intrinsic plasticity of Purkinje cells. Functionally, we found that deficits in eyeblink conditioning, a form of cerebellum-dependent motor learning, precede the onset of ataxia, matching the timeline of climbing fibre degeneration and reduced intrinsic plasticity.
Together, our results suggest that abnormal synaptic signalling and intrinsic plasticity during the pre-ataxia stage of spinocerebellar ataxias underlie an aberrant cerebellar circuitry that anticipates the full extent of the disease severity. Furthermore, our work indicates the potential for eyeblink conditioning to be used as a sensitive tool to detect early cerebellar dysfunction as a sign of future disease.
PPM1G promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting p38 activation via dephosphorylation of MEK6
Authors: Chen Jingying , Li Jizhuo , Sun Hong , Hu Tianyi , Wang Yameng , Kang Guoqi , Cao Mingya , Li Xia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a key signal transduction cascade that cancer cells employ to sense and adapt to a plethora of environmental stimuli and has attracted much attention as a promising target for cancer therapy. Although the kinases that phosphorylate p38 have been extensively studied, the negative regulation of p38 phosphorylation remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that PPM1G was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) compared to normal tissues, and higher levels of PPM1G were observed in adverse staged LUAD. Furthermore, the higher levels of PPM1G were highly correlated with poor prognosis, according to the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Most importantly, we identified phospho-MEK6 as a direct substrate of PPM1G. PPM1G, a metal-dependent protein phosphatase family phosphatase, could reduce p38 phosphorylation via MEK6 dephosphorylation and contribute to the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LUAD. Our study highlighted the essential role of PPM1G in LUAD and shed new light on unveiling the regulation of p38 activity via direct dephosphorylation of MEK6 in malignant transformation. Together, this study provides new insight into the complexity of regulating the versatile p38 signaling and suggests new directions in intervening in p38 MAPK signaling.
Exhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis Predicts Incident Infection in Household Contacts
Authors: Williams Caroline M , Muhammad Abdul K , Sambou Basil , Bojang Adama , Jobe Alhaji , Daffeh Georgetta K , Owolabi Olumuyiwa , Pan Daniel , Pareek Manish , Barer Michael R , Sutherland Jayne S , Haldar Pranabashis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Halting transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by identifying infectious individuals early is key to eradicating tuberculosis (TB). Here we evaluate face mask sampling as a tool for stratifying the infection risk of individuals with pulmonary TB (PTB) to their household contacts.

Methods
Forty-six sputum-positive PTB patients in The Gambia (August 2016–November 2017) consented to mask sampling prior to commencing treatment. Incident Mtb infection was defined in 181 of their 217 household contacts as QuantiFERON conversion or an increase in interferon-γ of ≥1 IU/mL, 6 months after index diagnosis. Multilevel mixed-effects logistical regression analysis with cluster adjustment by household was used to identify predictors of incident infection.

Results
Mtb was detected in 91% of PTB mask samples with high variation in IS6110 copies (5.3 × 102 to 1.2 × 107). A high mask Mtb level (≥20 000 IS6110 copies) was observed in 45% of cases and was independently associated with increased likelihood of incident Mtb infection in contacts (adjusted odds ratio, 3.20 [95% confidence interval, 1.26–8.12]; P = .01), compared with cases having low-positive/negative mask Mtb levels. Mask Mtb level was a better predictor of incident Mtb infection than sputum bacillary load, chest radiographic characteristics, or sleeping proximity.

Conclusions
Mask sampling offers a sensitive and noninvasive tool to support the stratification of individuals who are most infectious in high-TB-burden settings. Our approach can provide better insight into community transmission in complex environments.
Drought, wildfire and forest transformation: characterizing trailing edge forests in the eastern Cascade Range, Washington, USA
Authors: Meigs Garrett W , Case Michael J , Churchill Derek J , Hersey Charles M , Jeronimo Sean M A , Smith L Annie C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate change and the compounding effects of drought and wildfire are catalyzing rapid ecosystem changes throughout the world. Relatively dry, trailing edge (TE) forests are especially vulnerable to ecological transformation when tree regeneration is moisture-limited following high-severity fire. Here, we illustrate the potential landscape-scale impacts of changing disturbance regimes by focusing on TE forests in the eastern Cascades of Washington, USA. Our specific objectives were to: (1) map TE forests based on climatic water deficit and forest cover; (2) characterize the composition, structure, and ownership of TE and non-TE forests; (3) quantify recent fire activity in TE and non-TE forests; (4) identify locations of potential forest loss where recent fires have burned severely in TE forests. Across the study area, TE forests encompassed 387 000 ha, representing a substantial portion (21 per cent) of the total forested landscape. TE forests generally were characterized by dry, mixed-conifer forest types with more open structure and less biomass than non-TE forests. The structural and compositional conditions within TE forests make them ideal locations for management strategies designed to enhance landscape resilience and sustain fire-resistant trees. TE forestland ownership is diverse (35 per cent federal, 19 per cent Tribal, 16 per cent Washington State, 14 per cent private non-industrial and 13 per cent private industrial), indicating that successful land management will require collaboration among numerous partners. Recent wildfires (1984–2020) cumulatively covered 84 300 ha (22 per cent) of TE forests and 363 500 ha (25 per cent) of non-TE forests. TE forests experienced less high-severity fire than non-TE forests (39 per cent vs. 46 per cent, respectively). Recent high-severity fire effects in TE forests occurred primarily in the northern portion of the study region, reflecting the distribution of individual large fires. By quantifying the variability of TE forests and their recent fire activity, this study supports adaptive management strategies for landscape restoration, post-disturbance reforestation and climate adaptation.
An empirical review of ICES reference points
Authors: Silvar-Viladomiu Paula , Batts Luke , Minto Cóilín , Miller David , Lordan Colm 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has provided scientific stock advice based on reference points to manage fisheries in the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas for decades. ICES advice integrates the precautionary approach with the objective of achieving maximum sustainable yield. Here, we examine ICES reference point evolution over the last 25 yr and provide a comprehensive empirical review of current ICES reference points for data-rich stocks (Category 1; 79 stocks). The consistency of reference point estimation with the ICES guidelines is evaluated. We demonstrate: (1) how the framework has evolved over time in an intergovernmental setting, (2) that multiple precautionary components and sources of stochasticity are included, (3) that the relationship and historical context of stock size and recruitment are crucial for non-proxy reference points, (4) that reference points are reviewed frequently, taking into account fluctuations and multiple sources of variability, (5) that there are occasional inconsistencies with the guidelines, and (6) that more comprehensive and clearer documentation is needed. Simplifying the stock-recruit typology and developing quantitative criteria would assist with this critically important classification. We recommend a well-documented, transparent, and reproducible framework, and periodic syntheses comparing applications across all stocks.
Contrastive learning-based image retrieval for automatic recognition of in situ marine plankton images
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Li Jianping , Chen Tao , Pu Yuchun , Feng Zhenghui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Automatic recognition of in situ marine plankton images has long been treated as an image classification problem in machine learning. However, the deep learning-based classifiers are far from robust when used for predicting actual oceanic data that inevitably has distributional and compositional variations from their training sets. This paper proposes a novel image retrieval-based framework for plankton image recognition, within which supervised contrastive learning is used to train a feature extractor for better image representation, and similarity between the input and a gallery of reference images is compared to determine the identity of queries. We construct a dataset of high-quality in situ dark-field images of plankton and suspended particles to train and test the proposed retrieval model. Experimental results show that the image retrieval method has achieved excellent recognition performance similar to the state-of-the-art classification models on a very imbalanced closed-set, and also exhibited better generalizability in dealing with dataset shift and out-of-distribution issues. In addition, the image retrieval method has also demonstrated great architectural flexibility, bringing practical convenience for its adaptation to complex marine application scenarios. This new recognition framework is expected to enable real-time in situ observation of marine plankton in the actual oceanic underwater environment in the near future.
Prediabetes and risk of active tuberculosis: a cohort study from Northern Taiwan
Authors: Ko Tsun-Hao , Chang Yi-Cheng , Chang Chia-Hsuin , Liao Karen Chia-Wen , Magee Matthew J , Lin Hsien-Ho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for active tuberculosis (TB) infection. Despite the worldwide rapid increase in the prevalence of prediabetes, its impact on the risk of active TB remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prediabetes and risk of active TB in a large cohort study.MethodsA total of 119 352 participants were screened from a community-based health screening programme in Northern Taiwan. Diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were defined by baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and prescription of anti-diabetic drugs. Incident cases of active TB were identified from the National Tuberculosis Registry. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were employed to estimate the hazard ratios for prediabetes and DM compared with normoglycaemia. Spline regression was performed to investigate the dose-response relationship between FPG level and risk of TB disease.ResultsAt baseline, 27 404 (22.96%) participants had prediabetes and 10 943 (9.17%) participants had DM. After an average follow-up of 7.2 years, 322 TB cases occurred. The adjusted hazard ratio of developing active TB disease was 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–0.97] for prediabetic and 1.48 (95% CI 1.11–1.98) for diabetic participants compared with normoglycaemic individuals. Spline regression revealed a U-shaped association between FPG level and risk of active TB disease, with the lowest risk at FPG around110 mg/dl. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to exclude factors such as potential confounders (including body mass index), misclassification of glycaemic level, and selection bias, and results showed that those factors could not explain the lower risk of active TB.ConclusionsPrediabetes was associated with a 27% reduced risk of active TB disease compared with normoglycaemia. The biological mechanism of this inverse association and its implication for global nutrition transition and TB control should be further investigated.
The observable properties of cool winds from galaxies, AGN, and star clusters – II. 3D models for the multiphase wind of M82
Authors: Yuan Yuxuan , Krumholz Mark R , Martin Crystal L 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Galactic winds are a crucial player in galaxy formation and evolution, but observations of them have proven extraordinarily difficult to interpret, leaving large uncertainties even in basic quantities such as mass outflow rates. Here we present an analysis of the wind of the nearby dwarf starburst galaxy M82 using a semi-analytic model that is able to take advantage of the full three-dimensional information present in position–position–velocity data cubes measured in the H i 21-cm line, the CO J = 2 → 1 line, and the Hα line. Our best-fitting model produces position-dependent spectra in good agreement with the observations, and shows that the total wind mass flux in the atomic and molecular phases is ≈10 M⊙ yr−1 (corresponding to a mass loading factor of ≈2–3), with less than a factor of 2 uncertainty; the mass flux in the warm ionized phase is more poorly constrained, and may be comparable to or smaller than this. At least over the few kpc off the plane for which we trace the outflow, it appears to be a wind escaping the galaxy, rather than a fountain that falls back. Our fits require that clouds of cool gas entrained into the wind expand only modestly, suggesting they are confined by magnetic fields, radiative cooling, or a combination of both. Finally, we demonstrate that attempts to model the wind using simplifying assumptions such as instantaneous acceleration and a constant terminal wind speed can yield significantly erroneous results.
Keck spectroscopy of the coma cluster ultra-diffuse galaxy Y358: dynamical mass in a wider context
Authors: Gannon Jonah S , Forbes Duncan A , Brodie Jean P , Romanowsky Aaron J , Couch Warrick J , Ferré-Mateu Anna 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) and their relation to non-UDGs in mass–radius–luminosity space. We begin by publishing Keck/KCWI spectroscopy for the Coma cluster UDG Y358, for which we measure both a recessional velocity and velocity dispersion. Our recessional velocity confirms association with the Coma cluster and Y358’s status as a UDG. From our velocity dispersion (19 ± 3 km s−1), we calculate a dynamical mass within the half-light radius, which provides evidence for a core in Y358’s dark matter halo. We compare this dynamical mass, along with those for globular cluster (GC)-rich/-poor UDGs in the literature, to mass profiles for isolated, gas-rich UDGs, and UDGs in the NIHAO/FIRE simulations. We find GC-poor UDGs have dynamical masses similar to isolated, gas-rich UDGs, suggesting an evolutionary pathway may exist between the two. Conversely, GC-rich UDGs have dynamical masses too massive to be easily explained as the evolution of the isolated, gas-rich UDGs. The simulated UDGs match the dynamical masses of the GC-rich UDGs. However, once compared in stellar mass–halo mass space, the FIRE/NIHAO-simulated UDGs do not match the halo masses of either the isolated, gas-rich UDGs or the GC-rich UDGs at the same stellar mass. Finally, we supplement our data for Y358 with other UDGs that have measured velocity dispersions in the literature. We compare this sample to a wide range of non-UDGs in mass–radius–luminosity space, finding UDGs have a similar locus to non-UDGs of similar luminosity with the primary difference being their larger half-light radii.
Secular light curves of comets 60P/Tsuchinshan 2 and 62P/Tsuchinshan 1
Authors: Li Juncen , Shi Jianchun , Ma Yuehua 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The activity of Jupiter family comets, 60P/Tsuchinshan 2 and 62P/Tsuchinshan 1, is analysed by creating their Secular light curves (SLCs). We collected 850 observations in apparitions 1995, 2005, 2012, and 2018 for 60P/Tsuchinshan 2 and 471 observations in apparitions 1998, 2004, and 2017 for 62P/Tsuchinshan 1. We obtained the main activity parameters: turn-on distance (RON) and time (TON), turn-off distance (ROFF) and time (TOFF), photometric age (P-AGE), and time age (T-AGE). The results show that both comets could be classified as middle-age comets in early apparitions, due to P-AGE ≳30 comet yr, and their activity lasting for more than 300 d similar to those of comets 32P/Comas-Sola and 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The orbital changes (decrease of perihelion distance) of comets 60P/Tsuchinshan 2 and 62P/Tsuchinshan 1 in recent apparitions enhanced their activity with different characteristics, which was proved by the increased brightness amplitude or space range of activity and the decreased P-AGE; meanwhile, they are entering the range of young comets, and are classified as Lazarus comets.
Selective degradation of tRNASer(AGY) is the primary driver for mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase-related disease
Authors: Yu Tingting , Zhang Yi , Zheng Wen-Qiang , Wu Siqi , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Yong , Li Niu , Yao Ruen , Fang Pengfei , Wang Jian , Zhou Xiao-Long 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mitochondrial translation is of high significance for cellular energy homeostasis. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are crucial translational components. Mitochondrial aaRS variants cause various human diseases. However, the pathogenesis of the vast majority of these diseases remains unknown. Here, we identified two novel SARS2 (encoding mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase) variants that cause a multisystem disorder. c.654–14T &gt; A mutation induced mRNA mis-splicing, generating a peptide insertion in the active site; c.1519dupC swapped a critical tRNA-binding motif in the C-terminus due to stop codon readthrough. Both mutants exhibited severely diminished tRNA binding and aminoacylation capacities. A marked reduction in mitochondrial tRNASer(AGY) was observed due to RNA degradation in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), causing impaired translation and comprehensive mitochondrial function deficiencies. These impairments were efficiently rescued by wild-type SARS2 overexpression. Either mutation caused early embryonic fatality in mice. Heterozygous mice displayed reduced muscle tissue-specific levels of tRNASers. Our findings elucidated the biochemical and cellular consequences of impaired translation mediated by SARS2, suggesting that reduced abundance of tRNASer(AGY) is a key determinant for development of SARS2-related diseases.
rG4detector, a novel RNA G-quadruplex predictor, uncovers their impact on stress granule formation
Authors: Turner Maor , Danino Yehuda M , Barshai Mira , Yacovzada Nancy S , Cohen Yahel , Olender Tsviya , Rotkopf Ron , Monchaud David , Hornstein Eran , Orenstein Yaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are RNA secondary structures, which are formed by guanine-rich sequences and have important cellular functions. Existing computational tools for rG4 prediction rely on specific sequence features and/or were trained on small datasets, without considering rG4 stability information, and are therefore sub-optimal. Here, we developed rG4detector, a convolutional neural network to identify potential rG4s in transcriptomics data. rG4detector outperforms existing methods in both predicting rG4 stability and in detecting rG4-forming sequences. To demonstrate the biological-relevance of rG4detector, we employed it to study RNAs that are bound by the RNA-binding protein G3BP1. G3BP1 is central to the induction of stress granules (SGs), which are cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates that form in response to a variety of cellular stresses. Unexpectedly, rG4detector revealed a dynamic enrichment of rG4s bound by G3BP1 in response to cellular stress. In addition, we experimentally characterized G3BP1 cross-talk with rG4s, demonstrating that G3BP1 is a bona fide rG4-binding protein and that endogenous rG4s are enriched within SGs. Furthermore, we found that reduced rG4 availability impairs SG formation. Hence, we conclude that rG4s play a direct role in SG biology via their interactions with RNA-binding proteins and that rG4detector is a novel useful tool for rG4 transcriptomics data analyses.