bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Integration of Geodetic and Geologic Methods for High‐Resolution Monitoring of Subsidence in the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Zumberge Mark A. , Xie Surui , Wyatt Frank K. , Steckler Michael S. , Li Guandong , Hatfield William , Elliott Donald , Dixon Timothy H. , Bridgeman Jonathan G. , Chamberlain Elizabeth L. , Allison Mead , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLand‐surface subsidence is a major contributor to land loss in many river deltas. New approaches yielding high‐resolution data are needed to parse the relevant driving forces. In 2016, we established a novel “subsidence superstation” ∼2 km from the Mississippi River in coastal Louisiana (USA) to measure compaction in a global reference frame as a function of depth in Holocene sediments and deeper subsidence. The site features three borehole optical fiber strainmeters to obtain continuous records of displacement between ∼1.3 m below the surface and depths of ∼11, 25, and 38 m. These data are complemented by an adjacent station providing hydrologic data and near‐surface compaction. We also installed three GPS antennas, one of which is mounted to a rod cemented into the Pleistocene basement. A core from one of the boreholes provides insight into the sediment properties of the entire Holocene succession. Five years of records reveal the compaction rate in the material between 1.3 and 38 m is likely less than 0.25 mm/yr. The GPS records yield a subsidence rate of 2.5 mm/yr regardless of the depth of the anchor, thus corroborating the low compaction rates observed by the strainmeters. The new instrumental records show that current subsidence at this location is governed mostly by deformation of the Pleistocene or underlying strata rather than compaction of Holocene material, with the exception of the uppermost meter. The methodology represents an important new approach to mapping subsidence rates at varying depths, providing insight into the mechanisms governing delta subsidence.
Impacts of Active Versus Passive Re‐Wetting on the Carbon Balance of a Previously Drained Bog
Authors: Nyberg M. , Black T. A. , Ketler R. , Lee S.‐C. , Johnson M. , Merkens M. , Nugent K. A. , Knox S. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeatland drainage depletes large carbon stocks by increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soil. Restoration via re‐wetting could play an important role in climate change mitigation, reducing CO2 emissions and increasing C storage within peatlands. However, re‐wetting leads to a biogeochemical compromise between increased CO2 uptake, and enhanced methane (CH4) release. The extent of this compromise in re‐wetted ecosystems with differing environmental conditions is uncertain. To assess re‐wetting effects, we analyzed eddy‐covariance flux measurements from a temperate bog near Vancouver, Canada, from two sites that have undergone different restoration techniques. By the end of the 1‐year study period, the actively re‐wetted, wetter site, was a weak CO2 sink (−26.1 ± 6.1 g C‐CO2 m−2), and the passively re‐wetted, drier site, was near CO2 neutral (3.8 ± 3.1 g C‐CO2 m−2). Higher CH4 emissions at the wetter site led to a larger radiative balance on 20‐ and 100‐year time horizons, implying that the strong radiative effect of CH4 can offset CO2 sink strength on shorter to medium timeframes. However, long‐term radiative forcing (RF) modeling suggests sustained CO2 uptake by the wetter site will eventually lead to a cooling effect on the climate. Furthermore, modeling results emphasize that despite both re‐wetted peatland sites having a positive RF over century timescales, the lack of restoration would have resulted in a significantly larger RF beyond the first few decades following restoration. Results highlight the importance of actively re‐wetting disturbed peatlands to mitigate climate warming and can be used to inform management decisions.
Exploring the Potential of Neural Networks to Predict Statistics of Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Wrench Daniel , Parashar Tulasi N. , Singh Ritesh K. , Frean Marcus , Rayudu Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTime series data sets often have missing or corrupted entries, which need to be handled in subsequent data analysis. For example, in the context of space physics, calibration issues, satellite telemetry issues, and unexpected events can make parts of a time series unusable. This causes problems for understanding the dynamics of the heliosphere and space weather environment. Various approaches exist to tackle this problem, including mean/median imputation, linear interpolation, and autoregressive modeling. Here, we study the utility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict statistics of sparse time series. Our focus is not on time series prediction but on gleaning the best possible information about the statistical behavior of the system. As an example application, we focus on the structure functions of turbulent time series measured in the solar wind. Using a data set with artificial gaps, a neural network is trained to predict second‐order structure functions and then tested on an unseen data set to quantify its performance. A small feedforward ANN, with only 20 hidden neurons, can predict the large‐scale fluctuation amplitudes better than mean imputation or linear interpolation when the percentage of missing data is high. Although they perform worse than the other methods when it comes to capturing both the shape and fluctuation amplitude together, their performance is better in a statistical sense for large fractions of missing data. Caveats regarding their utility, the optimization procedure, and potential future improvements are discussed.
Measuring nanoparticles in liquid with attogram resolution using a microfabricated glass suspended microchannel resonator
Authors: Daryani Mehdi Mollaie , Manzaneque Tomás , Wei Jia , Ghatkesar Murali Krishna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles has been growing in various industrial fields, and concerns about their effects on health and the environment have been increasing. Hence, characterization techniques for nanoparticles are essential. Here, we present a silicon dioxide microfabricated suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) to measure the mass and concentration of nanoparticles in a liquid as they flow. We measured the mass detection limits of the device using laser Doppler vibrometry. This limit reached a minimum of 377 ag that correspond to a 34 nm diameter gold nanoparticle or a 243 nm diameter polystyrene particle, when sampled every 30 ms. We compared the fundamental limits of the measured data with an ideal noiseless measurement of the SMR. Finally, we measured the buoyant mass of gold nanoparticles in real-time as they flowed through the SMR.
A potent neutralizing antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants via nasal delivery
Authors: Zhang Xinghai , Zhang Huajun , Li Tingting , Chen Shaohong , Luo Feiyang , Zhou Junhui , Zheng Peiyi , Song Shuyi , Wu Yan , Jin Tengchuan , Tang Ni , Jin Aishun , Yang Chengyong , Cheng Guofeng , Gong Rui , Chiu Sandra , Huang Ailong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still rapidly spreading worldwide. Many drugs and vaccines have been approved for clinical use show efficacy in the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and the recently emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529), has seriously challenged the application of current therapeutics. Therefore, there is still a pressing need for identification of new broad-spectrum antivirals. Here, we further characterized a human antibody (58G6), which we previously isolated from a patient, with a broadly authentic virus-neutralizing activity that inhibits the Delta and Omicron variants with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.69 ng/ml and 54.31 ng/ml, respectively. 58G6 shows prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in hamsters challenged with the Delta and Omicron variants through nasal delivery. Notably, a very low dosage (2 mg/kg daily) of 58G6 efficiently prevented Omicron variant replication in the lungs. These advantages may overcome the efficacy limitation of currently approved neutralizing antibodies that can be administered only by intravenous injection. In general, 58G6 is a promising prophylactic and therapeutic candidate against current circulating VOCs and even future emerging mutants. To the best of our knowledge, 58G6 is one of the most potent neutralizing antibodies against Omicron, with a broader spectrum than those approved for clinical use. 58G6 could be developed as a nebulized therapy, which would be more cost effective and user friendly and enhance the clinical outcome compared to that obtained with direct nasal delivery.
Inhibition of autophagy potentiates the cytotoxicity of the irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor FIIN-2 on lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jia Xiuqin , Xin Ming , Xu Juanjuan , Xiang Xindong , Li Xuan , Jiao Yuhan , Wang Lulin , Jiang Jingjing , Pang Feng , Zhang Xianzhen , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor patients with platinum-resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the exploration of new effective drug candidates is urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been identified as promising targets for LUAD therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact role of the irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor FIIN-2 in LUAD and to clarify its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that FIIN-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of A549 and A549/DDP cells but induced the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of these cells. Meanwhile, FIIN-2 increased the autophagy flux of A549 and A549/DDP cells by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and further activating the class III PI3K complex pathway. More importantly, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that autophagy inhibitors could enhance the cytotoxicity of FIIN-2 on A549 and A549/DDP cells, confirming that FIIN-2 induced protective autophagy. These findings indicated that FIIN-2 is a potential drug candidate for LUAD treatment, and its use in combination with autophagy inhibitors might be an efficient treatment strategy, especially for patients with cisplatin resistance.
Juno spacecraft gravity measurements provide evidence for normal modes of Jupiter
Authors: Durante Daniele , Guillot Tristan , Iess Luciano , Stevenson David J. , Mankovich Christopher R. , Markham Steve , Galanti Eli , Kaspi Yohai , Zannoni Marco , Gomez Casajus Luis , Lari Giacomo , Parisi Marzia , Buccino Dustin R. , Park Ryan S. , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Juno spacecraft has been collecting data to shed light on the planet’s origin and characterize its interior structure. The onboard gravity science experiment based on X-band and Ka-band dual-frequency Doppler tracking precisely measured Jupiter’s zonal gravitational field. Here, we analyze 22 Juno’s gravity passes to investigate the gravity field. Our analysis provides evidence of new gravity field features, which perturb its otherwise axially symmetric structure with a time-variable component. We show that normal modes of the planet could explain the anomalous signatures present in the Doppler data better than other alternative explanations, such as localized density anomalies and non-axisymmetric components of the static gravity field. We explain Juno data by p-modes having an amplitude spectrum with a peak radial velocity of 10–50 cm/s at 900–1200 μHz (compatible with ground-based observations) and provide upper bounds on lower frequency f-modes (radial velocity smaller than 1 cm/s). The new Juno results could open the possibility of exploring the interior structure of the gas giants through measurements of the time-variable gravity or with onboard instrumentation devoted to the observation of normal modes, which could drive spacecraft operations of future missions.
Deconvoluting complex correlates of COVID-19 severity with a multi-omic pandemic tracking strategy
Authors: Parikh Victoria N. , Ioannidis Alexander G. , Jimenez-Morales David , Gorzynski John E. , De Jong Hannah N. , Liu Xiran , Roque Jonasel , Cepeda-Espinoza Victoria P. , Osoegawa Kazutoyo , Hughes Chris , Sutton Shirley C. , Youlton Nathan , Joshi Ruchi , Amar David , Tanigawa Yosuke , Russo Douglas , Wong Justin , Lauzon Jessie T. , Edelson Jacob , Mas Montserrat Daniel , Kwon Yongchan , Rubinacci Simone , Delaneau Olivier , Cappello Lorenzo , Kim Jaehee , Shoura Massa J. , Raja Archana N. , Watson Nathaniel , Hammond Nathan , Spiteri Elizabeth , Mallempati Kalyan C. , Montero-Martín Gonzalo , Christle Jeffrey , Kim Jennifer , Kirillova Anna , Seo Kinya , Huang Yong , Zhao Chunli , Moreno-Grau Sonia , Hershman Steven G. , Dalton Karen P. , Zhen Jimmy , Kamm Jack , Bhatt Karan D. , Isakova Alina , Morri Maurizio , Ranganath Thanmayi , Blish Catherine A. , Rogers Angela J. , Nadeau Kari , Yang Samuel , Blomkalns Andra , O’Hara Ruth , Neff Norma F. , DeBoever Christopher , Szalma Sándor , Wheeler Matthew T. , Gates Christian M. , Farh Kyle , Schroth Gary P. , Febbo Phil , deSouza Francis , Cornejo Omar E. , Fernandez-Vina Marcelo , Kistler Amy , Palacios Julia A. , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Bustamante Carlos D. , Rivas Manuel A. , Ashley Euan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has differentially impacted populations across race and ethnicity. A multi-omic approach represents a powerful tool to examine risk across multi-ancestry genomes. We leverage a pandemic tracking strategy in which we sequence viral and host genomes and transcriptomes from nasopharyngeal swabs of 1049 individuals (736 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 313 SARS-CoV-2 negative) and integrate them with digital phenotypes from electronic health records from a diverse catchment area in Northern California. Genome-wide association disaggregated by admixture mapping reveals novel COVID-19-severity-associated regions containing previously reported markers of neurologic, pulmonary and viral disease susceptibility. Phylodynamic tracking of consensus viral genomes reveals no association with disease severity or inferred ancestry. Summary data from multiomic investigation reveals metagenomic and HLA associations with severe COVID-19. The wealth of data available from residual nasopharyngeal swabs in combination with clinical data abstracted automatically at scale highlights a powerful strategy for pandemic tracking, and reveals distinct epidemiologic, genetic, and biological associations for those at the highest risk.
Structure and dynamics of Toll immunoreceptor activation in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Saucereau Yoann , Wilson Thomas H. , Tang Matthew C. K. , Moncrieffe Martin C. , Hardwick Steven W. , Chirgadze Dimitri Y. , Soares Sandro G. , Marcaida Maria Jose , Gay Nicholas J. , Gangloff Monique 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAedes aegypti has evolved to become an efficient vector for arboviruses but the mechanisms of host-pathogen tolerance are unknown. Immunoreceptor Toll and its ligand Spaetzle have undergone duplication which may allow neofunctionalization and adaptation. Here we present cryo-EM structures and biophysical characterisation of low affinity Toll5A complexes that display transient but specific interactions with Spaetzle1C, forming asymmetric complexes, with only one ligand clearly resolved. Loop structures of Spaetzle1C and Toll5A intercalate, temporarily bridging the receptor C-termini to promote signalling. By contrast unbound receptors form head-to-head homodimers that keep the juxtamembrane regions far apart in an inactive conformation. Interestingly the transcriptional signature of Spaetzle1C differs from other Spaetzle cytokines and controls genes involved in innate immunity, metabolism and tissue regeneration. Taken together our results explain how upregulation of Spaetzle1C in the midgut and Toll5A in the salivary gland shape the concomitant immune response.
Double-crowned 2D semiconductor nanoplatelets with bicolor power-tunable emission
Authors: Dabard Corentin , Guilloux Victor , Gréboval Charlie , Po Hong , Makke Lina , Fu Ningyuan , Xu Xiang Zhen , Silly Mathieu G. , Patriarche Gilles , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Barisien Thierry , Climente Juan I. , Diroll Benjamin T. , Ithurria Sandrine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanocrystals (NCs) are now established building blocks for optoelectronics and their use as down converters for large gamut displays has been their first mass market. NC integration relies on a combination of green and red NCs into a blend, which rises post-growth formulation issues. A careful engineering of the NCs may enable dual emissions from a single NC population which violates Kasha’s rule, which stipulates that emission should occur at the band edge. Thus, in addition to an attentive control of band alignment to obtain green and red signals, non-radiative decay paths also have to be carefully slowed down to enable emission away from the ground state. Here, we demonstrate that core/crown/crown 2D nanoplatelets (NPLs), made of CdSe/CdTe/CdSe, can combine a large volume and a type-II band alignment enabling simultaneously red and narrow green emissions. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ratio of the two emissions can be tuned by the incident power, which results in a saturation of the red emission due to non-radiative Auger recombination that affects this emission much stronger than the green one. Finally, we also show that dual-color, power tunable, emission can be obtained through an electrical excitation.
Adipocytes control food intake and weight regain via Vacuolar-type H+ ATPase
Authors: Zapata Rizaldy C. , Carretero Maria , Reis Felipe Castellani Gomes , Chaudry Besma S. , Ofrecio Jachelle , Zhang Dinghong , Sasik Roman , Ciaraldi Theodore , Petrascheck Michael , Osborn Olivia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnergy metabolism becomes dysregulated in individuals with obesity and many of these changes persist after weight loss and likely play a role in weight regain. In these studies, we use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss to study the transcriptional memory of obesity. We found that the ‘metabolic memory’ of obesity is predominantly localized in adipocytes. Utilizing a C. elegans-based food intake assay, we identify ‘metabolic memory’ genes that play a role in food intake regulation. We show that expression of ATP6v0a1, a subunit of V-ATPase, is significantly induced in both obese mouse and human adipocytes that persists after weight loss. C. elegans mutants deficient in Atp6v0A1/unc32 eat less than WT controls. Adipocyte-specific Atp6v0a1 knockout mice have reduced food intake and gain less weight in response to HFD. Pharmacological disruption of V-ATPase assembly leads to decreased food intake and less weight re-gain. In summary, using a series of genetic tools from invertebrates to vertebrates, we identify ATP6v0a1 as a regulator of peripheral metabolic memory, providing a potential target for regulation of food intake, weight loss maintenance and the treatment of obesity.
Structured sonic tube with carbon nanotube-like topological edge states
Authors: Zhang Zhiwang , Gao Penglin , Liu Wenjie , Yue Zichong , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun , Christensen Johan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA single-wall carbon nanotube can be viewed as a one-dimensional material created by rolling up a sheet of graphene. Its electronic band structure depends on the chirality, i.e., how the sheet has been rolled up, yet synthesizing the symmetry at will is rather challenging. We structure an artificial honeycomb lattice in both a zigzag and an armchair tube and explore their topological features for sound. Our findings reveal how armchair tubes remain gapless, whereas the zigzag counterparts host nontrivial edge states of non-zero quantized Zak phase, which are dictated by the circumferential number of units. Unlike man-made planar lattices whose underling symmetry must be broken to harvest quantum Hall and pseudospin phases, interestingly, the structured tubular lattice symmetry remains intact, while its nontrivial phase alone is governed by the chirality and the tube diameter. We foresee that our results, not only for sound, but also in photonics, mechanics and electronics will broaden future avenues for fundamental and applied sciences.
Early macrophage response to obesity encompasses Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 regulated mitochondrial architecture remodelling
Authors: Orliaguet L. , Ejlalmanesh T. , Humbert A. , Ballaire R. , Diedisheim M. , Julla J. B. , Chokr D. , Cuenco J. , Michieletto J. , Charbit J. , Lindén D. , Boucher J. , Potier C. , Hamimi A. , Lemoine S. , Blugeon C. , Legoix P. , Lameiras S. , Baudrin L. G. , Baulande S. , Soprani A. , Castelli F. A. , Fenaille F. , Riveline J. P. , Dalmas E. , Rieusset J. , Gautier J. F. , Venteclef N. , Alzaid F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdipose tissue macrophages (ATM) adapt to changes in their energetic microenvironment. Caloric excess, in a range from transient to diet-induced obesity, could result in the transition of ATMs from highly oxidative and protective to highly inflammatory and metabolically deleterious. Here, we demonstrate that Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is a key regulator of macrophage oxidative capacity in response to caloric excess. ATMs from mice with genetic-deficiency of Irf5 are characterised by increased oxidative respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Transient inhibition of IRF5 activity leads to a similar respiratory phenotype as genomic deletion, and is reversible by reconstitution of IRF5 expression. We find that the highly oxidative nature of Irf5-deficient macrophages results from transcriptional de-repression of the mitochondrial matrix component Growth Hormone Inducible Transmembrane Protein (GHITM) gene. The Irf5-deficiency-associated high oxygen consumption could be alleviated by experimental suppression of Ghitm expression. ATMs and monocytes from patients with obesity or with type-2 diabetes retain the reciprocal regulatory relationship between Irf5 and Ghitm. Thus, our study provides insights into the mechanism of how the inflammatory transcription factor IRF5 controls physiological adaptation to diet-induced obesity via regulating mitochondrial architecture in macrophages.
Noninvasive imaging of the tumor immune microenvironment correlates with response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Huang Weicai , Jiang Yuming , Xiong Wenjun , Sun Zepang , Chen Chuanli , Yuan Qingyu , Zhou Kangneng , Han Zhen , Feng Hao , Chen Hao , Liang Xiaokun , Yu Shitong , Hu Yanfeng , Yu Jiang , Chen Yan , Zhao Liying , Liu Hao , Zhou Zhiwei , Wang Wei , Wang Wei , Xu Yikai , Li Guoxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is associated with tumor prognosis and immunotherapy response. Here we develop and validate a CT-based radiomics score (RS) using 2272 gastric cancer (GC) patients to investigate the relationship between the radiomics imaging biomarker and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the TIME, including its correlation with prognosis and immunotherapy response in advanced GC. The RS achieves an AUC of 0.795–0.861 in predicting the NLR in the TIME. Notably, the radiomics imaging biomarker is indistinguishable from the IHC-derived NLR status in predicting DFS and OS in each cohort (HR range: 1.694–3.394, P < 0.001). We find the objective responses of a cohort of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy patients is significantly higher in the low-RS group (60.9% and 42.9%) than in the high-RS group (8.1% and 14.3%). The radiomics imaging biomarker is a noninvasive method to evaluate TIME, and may correlate with prognosis and anti PD-1 immunotherapy response in GC patients.