bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of PD-L1 and Siglec-15 expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Ju , Yang Hanshan , Hu Hui , Liu Chao , Wei Min , Zhao Yumei , Chen Yudan , Cui Yongxia , Chen Ping , Xiong Kang , Lu Yun , Yang Hongru , Yang Linglin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) might be involved in the activation of important pathways related to tumor immune escape, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Here, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of Siglec-15 and PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. We determined the expression of PD-L1 via immunohistochemical staining and that of Siglec-15 via immunofluorescence staining in 182 NPC tissue samples. A significant correlation was identified between the PD-L1 and Siglec-15 expression (P = 0.000). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that PD-L1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (P = 0.025) and Siglec-15 expression was associated with improved distant failure-free survival (D-FFS) (P = 0.048). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that PD-L1 and Siglec-15 were independent predictors of OS (P = 0.020) and D-FFS (P = 0.047), respectively. The results of the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses showed that patients exhibiting no PD-L1/Siglec-15 expression had significant advantages regarding OS, compared to other groups (P = 0.037). PD-L1 and Siglec-15 may represent novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of NPC patients. Siglec-15 may be considered as a potential target for the development of therapeutics for NPC treatment in the future.
Detection and characterization of latency stage of EBV and histopathological analysis of prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues
Authors: Ahmed Khalid , Sheikh Alisalman , Fatima Saira , Haider Ghulam , Ghias Kulsoom , Abbas Farhat , Mughal Nouman , Abidi Syed Hani 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves both genetic and acquired factors, including pathogens, such as viruses. A limited number of studies have shown the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in prostate cancer tissues. However, there is a dearth of data exploring EBV latency profile in prostate cancer, and the relationship of EBV with histopathological features of prostate cancer. In this study, prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples were screened for the presence of EBV, followed by the characterization of the EBV latency profile and analysis of histopathological parameters in EBV-positive and EBV-negative groups. A conventional PCR strategy was employed using virus-specific primers to screen EBV in 99 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate cancer and 33 BPH samples received for histopathological analysis during the years 2019–2020. Subsequently, cDNA samples were used in a qPCR array to analyze the expression of EBV latency-associated genes to map the latency profile EBV maintains in the samples. Finally, statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between EBV and several histopathological features of the samples. EBV was detected in 39% of prostate cancer and 24% of BPH samples. The histopathological analysis of prostate cancer samples identified all samples as prostatic adenocarcinoma of acinar type, while statistical analyses revealed EBV-positive samples to exhibit significantly higher (p < 0.05) Gleason major and total Gleason scores as compared to EBV-negative samples. In the EBV-positive samples, variable expression patterns of latency-associated genes were observed, where most of the samples exhibited EBV latency II/III-like profiles in prostate cancer, while latency-II-like profiles in BPH samples. This study suggests a high prevalence of EBV in prostate samples, where EBV exhibited latency II/III-like profiles. Furthermore, EBV-positive samples exhibited a higher Gleason score suggesting a possible link between EBV and the onset/progression of prostate cancers. However, future functional studies are required to understand the role of the EBV gene expression profile in the onset/progression of prostate cancer.
Natural and anthropogenic factors drive large-scale freshwater fish invasions
Authors: Milardi Marco , Iemma Aaron , Waite Ian R. , Gavioli Anna , Soana Elisa , Castaldelli Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the large-scale drivers of biological invasions using freshwater fish in a Mediterranean country as a test case, and considering the contribution of single species to the overall invasion pattern. Using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models, variation partitioning and Redundancy Analysis (RDA), we found that human factors (especially eutrophication) and climate (especially temperature) were significant drivers of overall invasion. Geography was also relevant in BRT and RDA analysis, both at the overall invasion and the single species level. Only variation partitioning suggested that land use was the second most significant driver group, with considerable overlap between different invasion drivers and only land use and human factors standing out for single effects. There was general accordance both between different analyses, and between invasion outcomes at the overall and the species level, as most invasive species share similar ecological traits and prefer lowland river stretches. Human-mediated eutrophication was the most relevant invasion driver, but the role of geography and climate was at least equally important in explaining freshwater fish invasions. Overall, human factors were less prominent than natural factors in driving the spread and prevalence of invasion, and the species spearheading it.
Study on the stability analysis of rainfall slope based on G-A model considering moisture content
Authors: Li Li , Zhao Dongsheng , Ni Bo , Qiang Yue , Liu Gang , Zhou Ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the moisture content on the wetting front is obtained by using the Van Genuchten (VG) model of unsaturated soil, and then the distribution of moisture content in the upper part of the wetting front is simplified as a trapezoid. The Green-Ampt (G-A) infiltration model of infinite slope with unsaturated characteristics is derived. The analytical expression of safety coefficient (FOS) of infinite slope with rainfall is solved by combining the limit equilibrium method with the unsaturated soil shear strength theory phase. The results show that: 1) compared with the traditional G-A model and the combined rectangular and 1/4 oval model, the upper part of the wetting front is simplified to a trapezoidal model, which has great advantages in infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration, especially when the slope is large or the rain intensity is heavy; 2) since the distribution of soil moisture content above the wetting front is considered, the matrix suction at the wetting front is not neglected, and the safety coefficient calculated by the method proposed in this paper is closer to the actual situation than the traditional G-A model.
Non-Fourier energy transmission in power-law hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving sheet
Authors: Alhowaity Awatif , Bilal Muhammad , Hamam Haneen , Alqarni M. M. , Mukdasai Kanit , Ali Aatif 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEthylene glycol is commonly used as a cooling agent in the engine, therefore the study associated with EG has great importance in engineering and mechanical fields. The hybrid nanofluid has been synthesized by adding copper and graphene nanoparticles into the Ethylene glycol, which obeys the power-law rheological model and exhibits shear rate-dependent viscosity. As a result of these features, the power-law model is utilized in conjunction with thermophysical characteristics and basic rules of heat transport in the fluid to simulate the physical situations under consideration. The Darcy Forchhemier hybrid nanofluid flow has been studied under the influence of heat source and magnetic field over a two-dimensionally stretchable moving permeable surface. The phenomena are characterized as a nonlinear system of PDEs. Using resemblance replacement, the modeled equations are simplified to a nondimensional set of ODEs. The Parametric Continuation Method has been used to simulate the resulting sets of nonlinear differential equations. Figures and tables depict the effects of physical constraints on energy, velocity and concentration profiles. It has been noted that the dispersion of copper and graphene nanoparticulate to the base fluid ethylene glycol significantly improves velocity and heat conduction rate over a stretching surface.
National high prevalence, and low awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia among people aged 15–69 years in Mongolia in 2019
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, distribution and correlates of dyslipidaemia among people (15–69 years) in Mongolia. National data were analyzed from 4,895 individuals (15–69 years, median age = 35 years) that took part in the Mongolia cross-sectional STEPS survey in 2019, and had complete lipid measurements. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 58.6%, 31.7% high triglycerides (TG), 26.9% high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 26.9% high total cholesterol (TC) and 14.6% low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Among those with dyslipidaemia, 6.2% were aware. Among those who were aware, the proportion of lipid-lowering drug treatment was 18.9% and among those who took lipid-lowering drugs, 21.5% had their dyslipidaemia controlled. In adjusted logistic regression, older age (40–69 years) (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.40), urban residence (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48), obesity call II (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI 2.29–3.66), hypertension (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.59), and diabetes (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI 1.20–2.18) were positively, and male sex (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–1.00) was negatively associated with dyslipidaemia prevalence. Six in ten Mongolians 15 years and older had dyslipidaemia. Several factors associated with dyslipidaemia that can be used to target public health interventions were identified.
Psoas muscle index and psoas muscle density as predictors of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Arao Maiko , Yajima Kumiko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the associations of computed tomography (CT)-measured psoas muscle index (PMI: psoas muscle area normalized by height) and psoas muscle density (PMD: average of bilateral psoas muscle CT values [Hounsfield unit (HU)]) with mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We included 188 hemodialysis patients who underwent abdominal CT. PMI and PMD were measured at the third lumbar vertebral level. We found that PMI and PMD were independently associated with the geriatric nutritional risk index and log C-reactive protein, respectively. The optimal cut-off values of PMI and PMD for men and women were 3.39 cm2/m2 and 41.6 HU, and 2.13 cm2/m2 and 37.5 HU, respectively. During follow-up (median 3.5 years), 69 patients died. Lower PMI and lower PMD were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–3.68; aHR 3.67, 95% CI 2.04–6.60), respectively]. The aHR for lower PMI and lower PMD vs. higher PMI and higher PMD was 5.34 (95% CI 2.38–11.97). The addition of PMI and PMD to the risk model significantly improved C-index from 0.775 to 0.893 (p < 0.00001). The combination of PMI and PMD may improve mortality prediction in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Onset Asynchrony: Cue to Aid Dichotic Vowel Segregation in Listeners With Normal Hearing and Hearing Loss
Authors: Eddolls Morgan S. , Molis Michelle R. , Reiss Lina A. J. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
The effect of onset asynchrony on dichotic vowel segregation and identification in normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners was examined. We hypothesized that fusion would decrease and identification performance would improve with increasing onset asynchrony. Additionally, we hypothesized that HI listeners would gain more benefit from onset asynchrony.

Method:

A total of 18 adult subjects (nine NH, nine HI) participated. Testing included dichotic presentation of synthetic vowels, /i/, /u/, /a/, and /ae/. Vowel pairs were presented with the same or different fundamental frequency (
f
o
;
f
o
= 106.9, 151.2, or 201.8 Hz) across the two ears and one onset asynchrony of 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, or 20 ms throughout a block (one block = 80 runs). Subjects identified the one or two vowels that they perceived on a touchscreen. Subjects were not informed that two vowels were always presented or that there was onset asynchrony.

Results:

The effect of onset asynchrony on fusion and vowel identification was greatest in both groups when Δ
f
o
= 0 Hz. Mean fusion scores across increasing onset asynchronies differed significantly between the two groups with HI listeners exhibiting less fusion across pooled Δ
f
o
. There was no significant difference with identification performance.

Conclusions:

As onset asynchrony increased, dichotic vowel fusion decreased and identification performance improved. Onset asynchrony exerted a greater effect on fusion and identification of vowels when Δ
f
o
= 0, especially in HI listeners. Therefore, the temporal cue promotes segregation in both groups of listeners, especially in HI listeners when the
f
o
cue was unavailable.
Evidence on impacts of automated vehicles on traffic flow efficiency and emissions: Systematic review
Authors: Aittoniemi Elina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite high expectations of driving automation improving road traffic, its practical implications on traffic flow and emissions are not yet definite. This study systematically reviewed literature on practical impacts of non‐connected automation of passenger cars on motorway traffic efficiency. A conceptual framework showed the importance of understanding interactions between vehicles, both human‐driven and automated, but they are not yet sufficiently known and reproduced by traffic models. Field studies have focused on equipped vehicles. Simulation studies have used different models and assumptions, narrow fleet compositions and road layouts, and covered the theoretical potential in ideal conditions rather than likely impacts in practice. Simulations with automated vehicle time gaps below 1.2 s have found throughput increases, but recent field experiments and simulations using commercial ACC vehicles indicate decreased traffic flow efficiency with increasing traffic volumes and penetration rates. Concluding implications for real traffic from available data is challenging. While benefits are possible for equipped vehicles in low traffic, results suggest negative implications for throughput and emissions at higher traffic volumes. Importantly, more differentiated discussion on the impacts of automated vehicles on traffic flow is needed, considering also the practical implications, such as tradeoffs with safety goals, if benefits are to be achieved.
Differential mode noise modelling and analysis through high‐frequency equivalent circuit of a single‐phase inverter
Authors: Kim Woojung , Seng Chhaya , Seo Joungjin , Cha Hanju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes the prediction method of differential mode noise transmitted to the input power of a single‐phase inverter in a high‐frequency model. A high‐frequency equivalent circuit considering the parasitic impedance is proposed. This paper presents a method to measure the parasitic impedance included in the DC link capacitor and insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) using a network analyser and extract the parasitic impedance included in the DC bus plate and PCB using Q3D. A mathematical analysis is proposed by applying the double integral Fourier form to the current noise sources, and a method for obtaining differential‐mode noise by analysing the impedance path is proposed. The switching of IGBT is modelled as the noise current source that reflects the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty change using the double integral Fourier form. The impedance path of differential mode noise transmitted to the input is mathematically analysed. The differential mode noise affecting the input is modelled by multiplying the impedance path and the noise source current. The validity of the proposed high‐frequency equivalent circuit and the mathematical analysis is verified by the less than 5% error in the resonant frequency of the derived differential mode noise voltage and the resonant frequency measured experimentally.
Towards the industrialisation of quantum key distribution in communication networks: A short survey
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Rozenman Georgi Gary , Kundu Neel Kanth , Chandra Daryus , De Debashis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantum information and communication technology will lead us to the new era of ultra‐fast and absolute‐secure networks. With the emergence of quantum supremacy on the horizon, the security of various classical encryption systems soon may be deemed obsolete. As a remedy, quantum key distribution (QKD) is proposed as a novel quantum‐based secret keys exchange, which is developed to solve the problems of legacy encryption. It is anticipated that QKD will provide stronger security for future communication systems even in the presence of malicious quantum attacks. As the QKD research and development is getting mature, the theoretical use cases of QKD in various industries are proliferating. In this treatise, we summarise the potential applications of QKD for future communication technology while highlighting the ongoing standardisation efforts essential for the sustainability and reliability of the near‐future deployment. Additionally, we also present the various challenges faced by both discrete variable and continuous variable QKD schemes hindering their widespread implementation into our future communication networks.
Optimized design of power loops for virtual synchronous generator to enhance transient stability
Authors: Zou Xudong , Zhong Xuejiao , Zhu Donghai , Fan Liuyang , Wen Tiliang , Kang Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVirtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is an attractive method to solve the stability issues of future renewables (e.g. photovoltaic [PV])‐dominated power system. Unfortunately, a VSG is prone to transient instability under grid faults, and the existing work ignores the instability issues caused by current limitation and reactive power loop (RPL). To tackle with the problem, this article analyzes the transient stability of VSG considering the impact of current limitation and RPL. It indicates that the roots of transient instability can be attributed to two aspects, that is, (1) the positive feedback and continuous phase angle integration in active power loop (APL) which are caused by the P‐f control structure, (2) the decline of active power transfer limit which is caused by the Qvsg‐vcd‐iod‐Pvsg control structure. Based on it, an optimized VSG control method is proposed to improve the transient stability, by optimizing the design of power loops for VSG. Compared with other stability control methods, the proposed method avoids the use of frequency detection, and it is simple in design and implementation. Finally, the proposed method is validated by the experiments.
Zur Praxis der Achtsamkeit in Prophylaxe und Therapie chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Lucius Harald 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungAchtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren spielen in der Prophylaxe und Therapie chronischer Schmerzen eine bedeutende Rolle. Zahlreiche Studien belegen bei allerdings noch recht geringer Evidenz, dass ein regelmäßiges Meditationstraining zur Verbesserung vor allem schmerzkomorbider Parameter wie Depressivität, Angst, Stress und anderer lebensbeeinträchtigender Faktoren führt und so zu einer deutlich besseren Akzeptanz des Schmerzerlebens. Insbesondere ist im Rahmen der Prophylaxe die Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) weit verbreitet und wird von zahlreichen Menschen genutzt. Achtsamkeitspraktiken führen auf diese Weise zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, der Akzeptanz und der sozialen Teilhabe, lindern Schmerzen, Leid und chronischen Stress. Dies gilt besonders für die im therapeutischen Kontext angewendeten Verfahren.
Angeborene Fehlbildungen von Nieren und Harntrakt (CAKUT)
Authors: Kohl Stefan 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAngeborene Fehlbildungen der Nieren und des Harntrakts (CAKUT: „congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract“) sind die häufigste Ursache für eine terminale Niereninsuffizenz im Kindesalter. Knapp die Hälfte der pädiatrischen Patient*innen mit einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung haben CAKUT. Insbesondere die bilaterale Nierendysplasie ist eine Diagnose, die mit einem hohen Risiko für eine terminale Niereninsuffizenz einhergeht und deshalb besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über pathogenetische Grundprinzipien von CAKUT im Lichte molekulargenetischer Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre. Anschließend wird näher auf den klinisch relevanten CAKUT-Phänotyp der bilateralen Nierendysplasie eingegangen. Im Mittelpunkt steht das klinische Management der bilateralen Nierendysplasie, das, angefangen bei der Definition der Diagnose, bisher wenig standardisiert ist und dessen Therapie auf Expertenmeinungen beruht. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick skizziert über molekulare Erkenntnisse und wie sie für die Betreuung betroffener Patient*innen und Familien in der Zukunft genutzt werden könnten und welche Fragestellungen Gegenstand weiterer Forschung sein könnten.
Akute und chronische Rückenschmerzen aus Sicht der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Bürklin Sandra 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungAkute und chronische Rückenschmerzen stellen in Deutschland die häufigste Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung dar – und die Prävalenzen steigen weiter durch die meist sitzenden Tätigkeiten, denen der Großteil der Menschen nachgeht. Die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin therapiert anhand ihres 5-Säulen-Modells und zeigt große Erfolge bei der Behandlung von Rückenschmerzen, vor allem wenn die Patienten noch selbstständig Übungen aus dem Qigong oder Taiji durchführen sowie ihren Lebensstil und ihre Ernährung anpassen. Je nach Ursachen und Begleitsymptomen werden Rückenschmerzen in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin unterschiedlich behandelt.
Blutegeltherapie und Cantharidenpflaster
Authors: Schmidt Robert 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung mit Blutegeln und Cantharidenpflaster stellt eine sinnvolle komplementärmedizinische Option im Rahmen eines individuellen integrativen Behandlungskonzepts dar. Seit den 1970er-Jahren erfährt die Blutegeltherapie wieder großes Interesse durch beachtliche Erfolge im Rahmen eines naturheilkundlich-schmerztherapeutischen Ansatzes, die von mehreren wissenschaftlichen Studien in ihrer Wirksamkeit bestätigt wurden. Wenn auch gewisse Kontraindikationen und ein geringes Nebenwirkungsspektrum bestehen, übersteigt die Wirksamkeit der Blutegel alle anderen bisher bekannten Therapien vielfach. Im Vergleich zur Blutegeltherapie ist beim Cantharidenpflaster die Studienlage zwar deutlich dünner, bewährt hat es sich jedoch bei chronischen Beschwerden der Wirbelsäule und der Gelenke, auch wenn deren moderne Indikationsbereiche nicht nur auf diese Beschwerdebilder beschränkt sind.
Hyperthermie – eine Behandlungsmöglichkeit bei Long-Covid?
Authors: Stange Rainer 
Published: June 2022

SummaryErschöpfung sowie chronische Entzündungsprozesse sind häufige Symptome von Long-Covid. Die Hyperthermie wurde bereits auf ihre entzündungshemmenden Effekte bei Erkrankungen wie Rheuma oder Psoriasis-Arthritis erprobt. Die bisherigen klinischen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Hyperthermie auch bei Long-Covid-Patienten eine Behandlungsoption darstellt, insbesondere wenn bei den Betroffenen eine chronisch-entzündliche Komponente nachgewiesen ist.