bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School Financial Management Strategies for Improving the Quality of Education
Authors: Riinawati Riinawati , Sulistiono Dany , Jayadi Usman , Bahri Syaiful , Basir Abdul , Hasanah Mila , Huda Nadya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the school's financial management strategy for improving the quality of education in Islamic Senior High School Ukhuwah Banjarmasin. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study, taking the research location at the Islamic Senior High School Ukhuwah Banjarmasin. Data collection methods were carried out by 1) Interviews; 2) Observation; 3) Documentation. The analysis technique uses Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis model: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Meanwhile, checking the validity of the data was carried out by extending the research time and persistence in observing, triangulating, and using references. The research findings show that the school's financial planning strategy in improving the quality of education at the Islamic Senior High School Ukhuwah Banjarmasin through a) Conducting meetings at the beginning of the school year; b) Formulating programs; c) Establishing budgets; d) Carry out revision deliberations; e) Conducting evaluation results; f) Providing solutions or inputs; g) School Revenue and Expenditure Budget Plan (RAPBS).
Standardizing the assessment of amoebicidal efficacy of contact lens solutions against Acanthamoeba species
Authors: Kroon Lieke , Randag Anna Clara , Otten Henny , Schimmer Barbara , Tehupeiory-Kooreman Marlou , Claro-Handgraaf Cindy Arias , Stelma Foekje Francina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To date no standardized methods are used in order to assess the amoebicidal efficacy of commercial contact lens solutions for both trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba species. Here we present two methods that are suitable for this purpose: The Spearman-Karber log reduction method and XTT colorimetric assay.
Methods
Acanthamoeba castellanii (ATCC 50370) and A. polyphaga (ATCC 30461) trophozoites were cultured in peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium. Cysts were developed in Neff’s encystement medium for 1 week. Spearman-Karber and XTT colorimetric assay were used to evaluate trophozoite and cystocidal efficacy of multi-purpose contact lens solutions (MPS).
Results
With trophozoites, the Spearman-Karber method gave a log reduction estimate of morphological kill between log 0,83 and log 3,61 of the various contact lens solutions, enabling the differentiation between efficacious and less efficacious solutions. With cysts the maximum log reduction of 2,17 was achieved for all 3 MPS solutions at 8 hours. The XTT colorimetric assay showed reduction in trophozoite metabolic rates between 50 and 100% as provided by an optical density signal. All lens fluid solution with a reduction rate > 90% showed residual growth of Acanthamoeba after one week of incubation on nutrient agar covered with Enterobacter aerogenes.
Conclusion
Both methods give reproducible estimates of amoebicidal efficacy of contact lens solutions, however, XTT colorimetric assay should be followed by an assay for residual growth to test for viable cysts.
Novel hydrocarbon-degradation pathways in uncultured bacteria in industrial-impacted ocean waters
Authors: Landa Mirna Vázquez Rosas , De Anda Valerie , Waldram Georgia , Rohwer Robin , Angelova Angelina , Gutierrez Tony , Baker Brett J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Microbes play an active role in oil spill remediation, but little is known about the baseline hydrocarbon-degrading communities that exist before a spill occurs, or the diversity of metabolic mechanisms responsible for degradation. The Faroe Shetland Channel (FSC) is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean with prominent oil production and a diverse microbial community associated with the degradation of petroleum compounds. We characterized the baseline hydrocarbon-degrading communities of the FSC and identified potential novel molecular mechanisms for petrochemical degradation.
Results
We obtained 42 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) from bacteria actively utilizing a major compound in oil, n-hexadecane, via stable isotope probing (SIP) from the FSC. Phylogenomics revealed that they belong to 19 genera, including two not previously shown to degrade hydrocarbons: Lentibacter(Alphaproteobacteria) and Dokdonia(Bacteroidetes). Diversity surveys indicated Lentibacter were dominant members of the FSC, constituting up to 17% of these communities. 42% of the SIP-enriched MAGs encoded a complete alkane oxidation pathway containing alkane monooxygenase (AlkB), rubredoxin reductase (AlkT), and rubredoxin-2 (AlkG). However, 40% of the Alphaproteobacteria lacked AlkG for electron transfer in alkane hydroxylation. Instead, they encoded novel disulfide isomerases with iron-binding cysteine motifs conserved across rubredoxins. Dokdonialacked AlkT and AlkG, however, their central alkane-degradation catabolic pathways were complete.
Conclusion
This study describes new bacteria capable of hydrocarbon degradation including the dominant genera Lentibacter, along with novel putative hydrocarbon degradation enzymes. These bacteria may be continuously purging hydrocarbons released from industrial activities in the FSC. This study advances our understanding of the diversity and physiologies of alkane degradation in the North Atlantic and provides evidence of new mechanisms used to metabolize alkanes.
Interaction of Low-level Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris and Feeding Duration on Growth Hormone, Growth Performance and Biochemical Indices of Red Hybrid Tilapia
Authors: Ahmad M. T. , Shariff Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chlorella is one of the most widely accepted Chlorophyta used by many as livestock and aquaculture feed. However, different studies on the overall performances of fish reported the unfavourable effect of high-level supplementations of Chlorella vulgaris. The current study determined the impact of low-level dietary supplementation of C. vulgaris alongside the different feeding durations and their interactions on the growth hormone, growth performances, biochemical indices, hepatic function, and some immunological parameters of red hybrid tilapia. The fingerlings were fed diets containing 0, 1%, 3%, and 5% of C. vulgaris powder kg− 1 dry diet for 90 days. Growth hormone, growth performance, biochemical indices (total serum protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), and some immunological (respiratory burst, lysozyme activities) parameters of the fish were examined after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. The results demonstrated that tilapia fed C. vulgaris supplemented diets showed increased levels of respiratory burst, lysozyme, albumin and total protein, growth hormone, and growth performances (p < 0.05), and the effects were duration dependent. Following the 90 days of feeding, there was no adverse effect on the hepatic function of the fish. Besides, low survivability was observed in the control group than in the group fed the experimental diets. The group fed the diet supplemented with 5% C. vulgaris had significantly higher (p < 0.05) activity at all the duration of feeding compared to other treatments. These results indicate that C. vulgaris enhanced growth performances, growth hormone concentration, biochemical indices, and some immunological parameters of red tilapia.
Diagnostic added-value of CA125 on O-RADS and Simple Rules in discrimination benign and malignant adnexal masses
Authors: Gong Li-ping , Dong Shuang , Li Xiao-Ying , Wu Ying-Nan , Zhang Shuang , Feng Ya-Nan , Du Xiao-Shan , Tian Jia-wei , Sun Li-tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective: Since the promulgation of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules (SR) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) , many studies have verified their diagnostic performance successively. But the low accuracy of masses of O-RADS 4 and SR inconclusive still perplex sonographers, thus this study aimed to settle this problem by combining Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) with those masses, and to assess diagnostic added-value of CA125 on O-RADS and SR in discrimination benign and malignant adnexal masses.Methods:Data of women with adnexal masses recruited from a tertiary center between January 2019 and September 2021 were included in this study. All patients underwent transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound examination as well as had complete ultrasound images and clinical data. Firstly, the masses were classified retrospectively using O-RADS and SR by two less experienced sonographers according to the corresponding criteria. Then, the masses of O-RADS 4 and SR inconclusive were reclassified according to the level of CA125,that is, the combination of O-RADS and SR with CA125. And analyzed the differences in diagnostic efficacy of the above methods for menopause status. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CA125,O-RADS, SR, CA125 combine with O-RADS, and CA125 combine with SR, and calculate the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity.Results:Of the 403 patients (143 premenopausal and 260 postmenopausal), 269 had benign lesions, and 134 had malignant tumors. The AUCs of CA125, O-RADS, SR, O-RADS combined with CA125, SR, SR combined with CA125,and CA125 in the whole study group were 0.842, 0.939, 0.963, 0.884, and 0.944, respectively. The findings showed that the AUCs of O-RADS and SR combined with CA125 were significantly higher than O-RADS and SR alone severally (p<0.05). The accuracy of O-RADS 4 and SR inconclusive masses were only 0.438 and 0.534, however, their accuracy has been improved to 0.829 and 0.814 when combined with CA125. Furthermore, the addition of CA125 into O-RADS and SR significantly increased the AUC to 0.930 (0.930 vs 0.712,p<0.001) and 0.931 (0.931 vs 0.774,p<0.001) separately in women with amenorrhea.Conclusions:CA125 can markedly improve the accuracy of O-RADS 4 and SR inconclusive masses, thereby improving the overall diagnostic efficiency of the O-RADS and SR classification system, especially for menopause women.
Investigating the effect of spatiotemporal, wind speed and wind direction on precipitation magnitudes within urban area
Authors: Algretawee Hayder 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A number of documented precipitation changes are associated with the hydrological cycle, including changes in the magnitude of precipitation. Studying the effect of spatial, temporal, wind speed and wind direction on precipitation magnitude at specified points within Melbourne city - Australia could reveal how they affect precipitation magnitudes. To achieve this aim, a long rainy day was adopted to record the measurements at different places and times throughout the day and night. Study method involved measuring wind speed and direction at every measuring point by using a hand-held device, while precipitation values were recorded using the nearest ground weather station. The study revealed precipitation magnitudes at night were higher than during the daylight hours. On the other hand, fast winds increase precipitation magnitude, and wind direction has effect on precipitation either increase or decrease depending on upwind and leeward sides respectively. Respective to temporal parameter, precipitation magnitudes at night showed the highest. Wind speed directly effects precipitation values but the direction has a moderate effect on precipitation. Generally, spatiotemporal, wind speed and direction have distinct effect on precipitation with small time scale.
Association between indoor microbiota, home environment characteristics, and frailty status of elderly residents
Authors: Pan Xue-Yan , Zeng Jin-Mei , Yin Ming-Juan , Ma Xing-Yu , Liao Jia , Luo Xiao-Wen , Zhang Lei , Yu Zu-Wei , Li Yu-Lian , Ni Jin-Dong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The elderly spends a larger proportion of time indoors compared to younger adults. Moreover, the link between frailty status in elderly residents, indoor microbiota exposure, and home environmental factors remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we evaluated the frailty status of elderly individuals aged 60 and older according to the frailty index scale. participants were divided into three groups according to whether the husband and wife exhibited frailty. We collected microbes from the elderly via air precipitation and sequenced the microbes using 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing technology. We also investigated the PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 concentration, illumination, sound level, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, living area, and other indicators in their home.
Results: A total of 153 households were analyzed, including 42 households (27.45%) of both healthy spouses, 66 households (43.14%) with frailty in one spouse, and 45 households (29.41%) with both frail spouses.Based on the OTU level, there were significant differences in chao1, reads, and the richness index of the bacterial α diversity index and Simpson index of the fungus a diversity index (P < 0.05). The Kruskal-wallis test showed that some pathogenic bacteria, including Brevibacterium, Aerococcus, Dietzia, Sanguibacter, and Bacteroides were higher in the group containing both frail spouses compared to the group containing both spouses (P < 0.05). Based on an ordered regression analysis, we found that a small living area and low artificial light had a potentially dangerous effect on the frailty status of elderly residents (OR > 1, P< 0.05). A mediating effect model analysis revealed that this process was related to five bacteria genera (Pseudomonas, Cellulosimicrobium, Chryseomicrobium, Brevibacterium, and Brevibacillus) and two fungi genera (Lodderomyces and Trichoderma). Among these genera, Brevibacillus was a potential protective bacterium for the frailty status of elderly residents, whereas other bacteria were potentially dangerous.
Conclusions: These results illustrated the differential frailty effects of various genera. These findings demonstrate a potential association between the frailty status of elderly residents, indoor microbes, and home environment characteristics.
Concomitant impact of polycystic ovarian syndrome and associated comorbidities on cognitive functions, neurotransmitters, and metabolic enzymes in Indian women
Authors: Ananthasubramanian Poornima , Nair Rahul S. , Priyanka Hannah , Barathi S , Vasantharekha Ramasamy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder leading to dysregulations in the homeostatic functions of the body, affecting reproductive, neural, and metabolic health. This study investigates the prevalence of PCOS-associated comorbidities and the effects of cognitive and metabolic alterations in Indian women.
Methods: Female volunteers (aged 18-40) were grouped into control and PCOS groups as per the Rotterdam criteria. The volunteers were administered with a standard PCOS questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), EDC exposure questionnaire, and neuropsychological tests including Corsi block-tapping test, Stroop color test, mental rotation test. Peripheral blood samples were collected from both groups (n=15 each). Serotonin and testosterone levels along with cholinesterase activity were estimated in plasma samples. Activity of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes of the glycolytic pathway (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase), citric acid cycle (citrate synthase), and mitochondrial electron transport chain (cytochrome-c-oxidase) were estimated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Results: PCOS patients reported a significant increase in PCOS-related comorbidities. The CFQ and MFQ scores were significantly higher while the recall memory, Corsi, Stroop, mental rotation scores were significantly lower in PCOS patients, compared to control group. There was a significant increase in cholinesterase activity, and a significant decrease in the serotonin levels in women with PCOS compared to the control group. The activities of the rate limiting metabolic enzymes showed significant changes in the PCOS, compared to the control groups.
Conclusion: Correlative effects of the altered cognitive functions and associated-physiological mechanisms are evident in Indian women with PCOS.
Continuous injection of high-dose lipopolysaccharide modulates microglia polarization via TREM2 to alter the status of septic mice
Authors: Qiu Zhiyun , Wang Huilin , Qu Mengdi , Zhu Shuainan , Zhang Hao , Liao Qingwu , Miao Changhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a prevalent syndrome of brain dysfunction secondary to severe sepsis and is regulated by microglia. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) is known to have protective functions, which modulates microglia polarization to M2 type to reduce inflammatory responses and thereby improve cognition.
Methods
We examined the effect of TREM2 on the polarization state of microglia during the onset of neuroinflammation. After one week of lipopolysaccharide consecutive injection, immunofluorescence (IF) assays, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), electron microscopy and western blotting were used to visualize hippocampal sections in C57BL/6 mice to assess TREM2 release. In addition, microglia polarization was analyzed by Quantitative RT-PCR.
Result
Continuous injection of LPS for 7 days improved systemic inflammation and behavioral cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. Serial injection of LPS for 7 days attenuated neuroinflammation in septic mice. LPS could reduce the expression of TREM2, however IFN-β enhanced TREM2 expression. TREM2 regulated the conversion of the microglial M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype.
Conclusion
The aim of this study was to further investigate the interconnection between microglia polarization and TREM2 in the CNS. All evidence supports our hypothesis that IFN-β can modulate TREM2 expression to alter the polarization state of microglia and thereby reduce central neuroinflammation induced by sequential LPS injections. Trem2 can be used as a new target for neuroinflammation treatment.
The Effect of Activation Functions in a Chest X-ray Image Classification
Authors: Nworu Charles Chinedu , Ekpenyong‬ Emmanuel John , John Chisimkwuo , Onyeukwu Christian Nduka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The choice of activation functons is very important in deep learning. This is because activation functions are capable of capturing non-linear patterns in a data. The most popular actiavtion function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) but it suffers from gradient vanishing problem. Therefore, we examined the modifications of the ReLU activation function to determine its effectiveness (accuracy) and efficiency (time complexity). The effectiveness and efficiency verified by conducting an empirical experiment using X-ray images that contains pneumonia and normal samples. Our experiments show that the modified ReLU, ReLU6 performed better in terms of low generalization error (97.05% training accuracy and 78.21% test accuracy). The sensitivity measure also suggest that the ELU is capable of correctly predicting more than half of the positive cases with 52.14% probability. For efficiency, the GELU shows the lowest training time when compared with other activation functions. This will allow practitioners in this field to choose activation functions based on effectiveness and efficiency

JEL Classification: C63 , C67 , I10
Thermodynamics and Micellar Behavior of Surface-Active Drugs in Aqueous Solution of Electrolytes: Surface Tension Study
Authors: Sharma Sapna , Kumar Kuldeep , Sharma Saurabh , Thakur Naveen , Singh Kuldeep , Chauhan Suvarcha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The surface tension study of the surface-active drugs streptomycin sulphate and diphenhydramine hydrochloride has been carried out with three uni-univalent and three bi-univalent electrolytes viz. NaCl, KCl and RbCl (0.01 mol.kg-1), and MgCl2, CaCl2 and SrCl2, (0.002 mol.kg-1) at temperature range of 298.15 to 313.15 K. The interfacial parameters like maximum surface excess concentration ( Γmax), minimum area per surfactant molecule (Amin), and surface pressure at CMC (Πcmc) have been explored. The results represent the stronger affinity between drug-electrolyte molecules, which lower the surface tension values. The CMC relations govern the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in ternary system (water-drug-electrolyte). Further, the addition of electrolytes lowers the total number of drug molecules at the interface, correlated with increase in Amin, and decrease in Γmax and Πcmc. Thermodynamics of micellization directs about the work done for micellization, and lighten the surface and bulk properties of drugs.
The relationship between Problematic Instagram Use and Eating Disorders psychopathology: An explanatory Structural Equation Model
Authors: Fioravanti Giulia , Cassioli Emanuele , Rossi Eleonora , Angeletti Lorenzo Lucherini , Casale Silvia , Ricca Valdo , Castellini Giovanni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

An emerging body of research has evidenced the negative influence of using and being exposed to social networking sites (SNSs) on body image. Furthermore, it has been postulated that SNS use might be related with onset and persistence of eating disorders (EDs) psychopathology. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the complex interplay between Problematic Instagram use (PIU) (conceptualized as a potential behavioral addiction comprising withdrawal, conflict, tolerance, salience, mood modification and relapse) and ED psychopathology, by means of an explanatory Structural Equation Model. We hypothesized that PIU would be associated with ED symptoms through the mediating role of appearance comparison, individual psychological investment in physical appearance, and body uneasiness. A sample of 386 young female participants (Mage = 26.04 ± 6.73) was recruited, of which 152 had received a diagnosis of ED. ED patients used Instagram more than the control group and showed higher levels of PIU. Results from structural equation modeling (fit indices: χ2 = 44.54, df = 19, p < .001; RMSEA = .059; CFI = .98; SRMR = .02) showed that PIU predicted appearance comparison and psychological investment in physical appearance, which in turn predicted body uneasiness. In turn, body uneasiness predicted ED psychopathology and interpersonal difficulties. Our model provides a useful account of how eating disorder symptoms could be triggered and maintained by an addictive use of Instagram.