bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of exercise training on tumour‐infiltrating T cells in human prostate cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (PRO‐TEST)
Authors: Thomsen Simon Nørskov , Wriedt Emil , Stærk Marianne Gardar , Djurhuus Sissal Sigmundsdottir , Toft Birgitte Grønkær , Wielsøe Sabrina , Røder Andreas , Hasselager Thomas , Østergren Peter Busch , Jakobsen Henrik , Brasso Klaus , Christensen Jesper Frank , Lehrskov Louise Lang , Simonsen Casper 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExercise training reduces tumour growth by increasing tumour‐infiltrating T‐cell density in preclinical models. However, it remains unknown whether exercise training can modify intratumoural T cells in humans.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an exercise training intervention versus control on human prostate intratumoural T‐cell density.This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. We randomly allocated men (age > 18 years) with treatment‐naive localized prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy 2:1 to exercise training intervention or control. The exercise intervention consisted of supervised, high‐intensity interval bicycling four times per week from the time of randomization until prostatectomy. Intratumoural CD3+ and CD8+ T‐cell densities in diagnostic biopsies and postsurgical prostatectomy specimens were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Between‐group differences in changes from baseline to follow‐up were estimated using constrained baseline linear mixed‐effect models.A total of 30 participants were included (exercise intervention, n = 20; control, n = 10). We found no between‐group differences in changes in CD3+ T cells [mean difference (95% confidence interval): −17 (−185; 150) cells/mm2] or CD8+ T cells [mean difference (95% confidence interval): −16 (−206; 172) cells/mm2]. Additionally, we found no statistically significant correlations between changes in T‐cell density and the number of exercise training sessions attended or changes in maximal oxygen consumption.In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we found no impact of the exercise regimen on tumour‐infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T‐cell density in human prostate cancer.
Performance analysis of a hexagon rolling mechanism with single degree of freedom
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Li Yezhuo , Yan Shaoze , Yao Yan-an 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposed the performance analysis of obstacle crossing mode and passive rolling mode of a hexagon rolling mechanism with single degree of freedom, based on the structural characteristics and the constraints of centroid stability. Firstly, the obstacle crossing model including the motion parameters and the obstacle distance parameters is established by using the moving characteristics of the symmetrical posture of the mechanism. Building on this foundation, the impact of each parameter on the obstacle crossing ability of the mechanism is analyzed, and the maximum height on obstacle crossing of the mechanism is also analyzed. Subsequently, the existence and sufficient conditions of the mechanism to realize the passive rolling mode are analyzed by using the mechanism's centroid fluctuation curve and its slope curve. The analysis results indicate that based on the design of the coupling structure, the hexagon rolling mechanism has the passive rolling capability that planar linkage mechanisms do not possess. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical model are verified through simulation and prototype experiments.
Post-publication peer review and the identification of methodological and reporting issues in COVID-19 trials: a qualitative study
Authors: Davidson Mauricia , Korfitsen Christoffer Bruun , Riveros Carolina , Chaimani Anna , Boutron Isabelle 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine to what extent systematic reviewers and post-preprint and post-publication peer review identified methodological and reporting issues in COVID-19 trials that could be easily resolved by the authors.DesignQualitative study.Data sourcesCOVID-NMA living systematic review (covid-nma.com), PubPeer, medRxiv, Research Square, SSRN.MethodsWe considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in COVID-NMA that evaluated pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 and retrieved systematic reviewers’ assessments of the risk of bias and outcome reporting bias. We also searched for commentary data on PubPeer and preprint servers up to 6 November 2023. We employed qualitative content analysis to develop themes and domains of methodological and reporting issues identified by commenters.ResultsWe identified 500 eligible RCTs. Systematic reviewers identified methodological and reporting issues in 446 (89%) RCTs. In 391 (78%) RCTs, the issues could be easily resolved by the trial authors; issues included incomplete reporting (49%), selection of the reported results (52%) and no access to the pre-specified plan (25%). Alternatively, 74 (15%) RCTs had received at least one comment on PubPeer or preprint servers, totalling 348 comments. In 46 (9%) RCTs, the issues identified by post-preprint and post-publication peer review comments could be easily resolved by the trial authors; the issues were related to incomplete reporting (6%), errors (5%), statistical analysis (3%), inconsistent reporting of methods and analyses (2%), spin (2%), selection of the reported results (1%) and no access to the raw data/pre-specified plan (1%).ConclusionsWithout changing their process, systematic reviewers identified issues in most RCTs that could be easily resolved by the trial authors; however, the lack of an established author feedback mechanism represents a wasted opportunity for facilitating improvement and enhancing the overall manuscript quality. On the other hand, despite the existing feedback loop to authors present in post-publication peer review, it demonstrated limited effectiveness in identifying methodological and reporting issues.
Association between physical activity and diabetes mellitus: mediation analysis involving Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index in a cross-sectional NHANES study
Authors: Chen Yongze , Huang Ruixian , Mai Zhenhua , Jin Zhimei , Lai Fengxia , Chen Xueqin , Kong Danli , Ding Yuanlin 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between physical activity (PA) and diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as the mediating role of Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index (SII) in the relationship.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collection took place in the USA at participants’ homes and mobile examination centres with specialised equipment.ParticipantsThe study population consisted of 9493 American adults aged 20 and above from the NHANES 2005 to 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInformation on the specific PA was reported through self-administered questionnaire by participants and we used this information to calculate a metabolic equivalent score for the particular PA. The calculation of SII follows a standard formula: SII=P (platelets)×N (neutrophils)/L (lymphocytes).ResultsA total of 9493 participants were included, with 1672 diagnosed with DM. The participants with DM were more inclined to have lower levels of PA while having higher levels of SII. In all three models, high levels of PA were significantly negatively associated with the risk of DM compared with moderate levels of PA, and a non-linear association between natural logarithm-physical activity (Ln-PA) and DM was observed. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in DM risk for Ln-PA >6.71 in all models. Mediation analysis showed that SII mediated the relationship between PA and DM, as well as between Ln-PA and DM, with respective mediation proportions of 4.32% and 12.141%, as well as 3.12% and 10.46% after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionThis study investigated the relationship among PA, SII and DM. We provide robust evidence supporting the inverse association between PA and DM risk while highlighting the mediating role of inflammation, as reflected by SII. These findings contribute valuable insights to inform public health strategies and clinical interventions aimed at reducing the global burden of DM.
Isokinetic muscle strength training combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation for rehabilitation of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Qiaojun , Li Peng , Xu Yumeng , Li Wenjuan , Lei Xiaohui , Wan Kai , Lu Lei , Gao Xin , Zhang Siduo , Fu Peijia , Qiao Hongfei , Ma Ben 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAnterior cruciate ligament injury seriously affects the motor function of patients. Currently, there are numerous rehabilitation methods after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this study was to investigate the rehabilitation effect of isokinetic muscle strength training combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique in postoperative patients. A single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the difference between this combined therapy and conventional rehabilitation, and to provide a scientific basis for optimising the rehabilitation strategy after ACLR, to promote faster and better recovery of knee joint function in patients.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised controlled, assessor-blind trial. A total of 40 patients after ACLR were randomly divided into a control group and a test group. Conventional rehabilitation and isokinetic muscle strength training will be performed in the control group, while the test group will receive PNF techniques in addition to the interventions of the control group. These interventions were performed three times a week for 6 weeks. All interventions will be completed in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The primary outcome measure will be assessed by knee proprioception. Secondary outcome measures will include knee isokinetic strength, balance ability and Lysholm knee function score. The above assessments will include a baseline assessment, an assessment after 6 weeks of intervention, and a follow-up visit at week 24.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Number: 2024059). Study results will be published in open access peer-reviewed journals and may be shared at relevant meetings and research meetings.Trial registration numberChiCTR2400085897.
Quality improvement collaborative to increase access to caesarean sections: lessons from Bihar, India
Authors: Mehndiratta Abha , Moharana Prabir Ranjan , Mahapatra Tanmay , Srikantiah Sridhar , Babu Sunil , Simba Sarita , Sanjiv Daulatrao Sanjiv Daulatrao , Pandey Vikas , Shastri Rahul , Kodiyath Srinivas , Mukherjee Sulagna , Sah Pramod , Barker Pierre 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundCountries with resource-poor health systems have struggled to improve access to and the quality of caesarean section (C-section; CS) for women seeking care in public health facilities. Access to C-section in Bihar State remains very low, while access has increased in many other contexts.MethodsWe used quality improvement (QI) combined with targeted resource management to test and implement changes that were designed to increase C-section delivery. We compared C-section delivery percentages after the interventions across eight intervened (QI) hospitals and between QI hospitals and the remaining 22 non-intervened (non-QI) hospitals with baseline CS <10%. We linked patterns of improvement and sustainability to theoretical drivers of improvement and timing of interventions.ResultsIn QI hospitals, C-section percentage increased from 2.9% at baseline to 5.9% in the intervention phase and 4.6% in the post intervention phase. In non-QI hospitals, we observed a small change (2.6–3.3%) during the same time period of the interventions in the QI hospitals. Addition of skilled personnel resulted in increased C-section percentage in QI hospitals (3.6–5.9%) but not non-QI hospitals (3.4–3.2%).ConclusionsC-section availability increased for a population of women giving birth following initiation of QI BTS collaborative in a low-income country public sector setting that has historically struggled to provide this service. Addition of obstetric and operating room resources alone, without interventions to support system changes, may not result in additional increase in C-section delivery. The adaptive implementation model may contribute to efforts to provide more access to C-sections in other very resource-limited settings.
Using emergency department data to reduce late-night alcohol-related presentations in an Australian central business district
Authors: Miller Peter , Taylor Nicholas , Egerton-Warburton Diana , Baker Timothy , Kloot Kate , Shepherd Jonathan , Akhlaghi Hamed 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe Cardiff Model for Violence Prevention is a data sharing approach aiming to reduce violence-related presentations to emergency departments (EDs). This model has not previously been tested with patients attending EDs in a major Australian urban setting, nor has the use of media reporting of results and letters to venues without a local violence prevention board been tested.ObjectiveTo determine this approach’s effect on alcohol-associated presentation rates during high-alcohol hours (HAHs) in a major ED servicing the nightlife district in central Melbourne.DesignBetween July 2017 and June 2020, this prospective study asked people aged≥18 years attending ED about their alcohol consumption and last drink location. From December 2018, quarterly letters were sent to the top five venues identified as the last drink location and press releases were sent to all media outlets.FindingsA significant gradual decrease in monthly injury attendance rates during HAH was observed (coefficient = −0.001, p= 0.017), however, no step change was found. Venue-level data highlighted a short-term drop in attributed events.DiscussionSharing Last Drinks ED data via stand-alone media reporting and letters to venues was associated with a small but significant reduction in alcohol-related injury presentation rates. However, the impact waned as media stopped reporting findings. This study highlights the importance of including a violence prevention board.ConclusionThe model continues to have promise for reducing alcohol-related harm, however, engagement from government agencies free from alcohol industry funding is important for long-term success.
Can synchrotron radiation reveal the presence of dark sector around black hole?
Authors: Rogatko Marek , Verma Paritosh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We studied synchrotron radiation of a massive charged under visible and hidden sector groups, moving in equatorial plane around spherically symmetric weakly magnetized black hole. As a model of dark matter we choose the one, in which Maxwell field is coupled to the additional U(1)-gauge field envisaging the dark sector, the so-called dark photon model. Magnetization of a black hole also stems from Maxwell-dark photon electrodynamics. One found the radiation power and energy loss of the particle and looked for the imprints of dark matter on those phenomena.
Improving quantitative ventifact analysis for climate investigations using the Dyngjusandur sandsheet in Iceland as a planetary analogue
Authors: Hudziak Samuel X. , Ukstins Ingrid , Peate David , Whelley Patrick , Scheidt Stephen , Hamilton Christopher W. 
Published: February 2025

We use the Dyngjusandur sandsheet, Iceland, as a testbed to assess the type and number of measurements required to accurately represent ventifact orientations and extract paleowind information through a statistical evaluation of the differences between photogrammetric based and
in situ
measurements of ventifact feature orientations. Forty representative ventifacts were selected for
in situ
measurement, 20 of which were imaged for photogrammetric analysis to produce oriented and scaled virtual 3D models. An additional set of measurements were made on the “synthetic” models to allow for statistical assessment of erosional feature orientation. Despite the similarity between the photogrammetric (1145 measurements), and the
in situ
datasets (500 measurements), there are small, but significant differences in mean feature orientation that become more pronounced as sample size is reduced. Results indicate that
in situ
and photogrammetric methods of measuring feature orientation are comparable (to within 2° ± 2° at 1

σ

[
N
= 20] for inferring paleowind directions), but photogrammetric analyses require less time for data acquisition (by a factor of 0.36–0.66) and yields over five times (5.16×) as many measurements per ventifact, with additional advantages of being able to examine digital objects under different illumination conditions, magnifications, and from angles that are otherwise not possible in the field.
Fast and Slow Subduction Earthquakes in Latin America
Authors: Ruiz S. , Ide S. , Potin B. , Madariaga R. 
Published: February 2025

Most seismicity in Latin America is controlled by the subduction process. Different zones have hosted earthquakes of magnitudes larger than Mw 8.5 that repeat every several centuries. Events around Mw 8.0 are more frequent; since the beginning of the twentieth century, some collocated earthquakes have occurred with differences of decades, which allows for comparison of old and modern seismological records. The rupture zones that have hosted mega-earthquakes continue to produce smaller earthquakes after three centuries. Therefore, the process of unlocking in the Latin America subduction zone occurs by giant (≥Mw 9.0), mega- (9.0 > Mw ≥ 8.5), and large (8.5 > Mw ≥ 7.5) earthquakes, and interaction between these events is not yet fully understood. We have less understanding of the earthquakes that occurred in the oceanic plates, which have not been correctly recorded due to poor seismological instrumentation and lack of knowledge about subduction during the first half of the twentieth century in Latin America. Slow earthquakes have been observed in some zones of Latin America, several of them with recurrence periods of a few years, as well as tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremors and low-frequency and very low-frequency earthquakes. How do these slow slip manifestations relate to ordinary earthquakes? This question is still difficult to answer for Latin America given the lack of dense geodetic and seismic networks that allow identification of all the slow earthquakes that likely occur more frequently than currently reported.

▪
Latin America subduction zones share similar seismic characteristics. They can host large-magnitude earthquakes and exhibit a variety of slow earthquakes.

▪
Giant earthquakes, with a magnitude greater than 9, have occurred so far in Chile, and mega-earthquakes have occurred in several Latin American countries.

▪
Additional slow earthquakes will be detected in Latin America as seismic and geodetic networks become denser.
Effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment‐BIG on Motor, Cognition, Mental Health, Occupational Performance, and Occupational Balance in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Single‐Subject Experimental Study
Authors: Jang Woo-Hyuk , Seo Sang-Min , Kim Si-Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: In this study, we aim to apply BIG to patients with schizophrenia to confirm changes in mental symptoms, task performance, and occupational balance through motor and cognitive enhancement.Method: This study used a single‐subject A‐B‐A design. It consisted of a total of 22 sessions, with 4 sessions in the baseline period, 16 sessions in the intervention period (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment‐BIG), and 2 sessions in the follow‐up period. The subjects were three male patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia, all severe cases. During the 22 sessions, the timed up and go test (TUG) and functional reach test (FRT) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to determine changes in motor function and cognition, and the subjective cognitive and mental score (SS), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and Occupational Balance Questionnaire‐Korean (OBQ‐K) were used to determine changes in psychiatric symptoms, work performance, and work balance satisfaction before and after the intervention. Statistically significant changes were determined using the two standard deviation (2SD) band method.Results: The TUG, FRT, and MoCA showed significant results in the intervention period compared to the baseline period. The SS, COPM, and OBQ‐K also showed positive changes in scores from pre‐ to postintervention.Conclusion: In this study, BIG was found to promote improvement in motor and cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia patients, with positive effects on psychiatric symptoms, task performance, and occupational balance satisfaction.
SMURF2 facilitates GAP17 Isoform 1 membrane displacement to promote mutant p53-KRAS oncogenic synergy
Authors: Ray Paramita , Shukla Shirish , Zhang Yaqing , Donahue Katelyn L. , Nancarrow Derek J. , Kasturirangan Srimathi , Shankar Sunita , Cuneo Kyle , Thomas Dafydd , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Lawrence Theodore S. , Pasca di Magliano Marina , Ray Dipankar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cooperativity between mutant p53 and mutant KRAS, although recognized, is poorly understood. In pancreatic cancer, mutant p53 induces splicing factor hnRNPK causing isoform switch producing overexpression of GTPase activating protein 17 isoform 1 (GAP17-1). GAP17-1 is mis-localized in the cytosol, instead of the membrane, due to insertion of exon 17 encoding a PPLP motif, thus allowing mutant KRAS to remain in the GTP bound hyperactive state. However, the role of PPLP in influencing GAP17-1 mis-localization remains unclear. We show that Smad Ubiquitination Regulatory Factor 2 (SMURF2), a known stabilizer of mutant KRAS, interacts with GAP17-1 via the PPLP motif and displaces it from the membrane, facilitating mutant p53 mediated mutant KRAS hyperactivation. We used cell lines with known KRAS and TP53 mutations, characterized Smurf2 expression in multiple pancreatic cancer mouse models (iKras*; iKras*, p53*, and p48-Cre; Kras*) and performed single cell RNAseq and tissue microarray on preclinical and clinical samples. We found that SMURF2 silencing profoundly reduces survival of mutant TP53; KRAS driven cells. We show that a GAP17-1 AALA mutant does not bind to SMURF2, stays in the membrane, and keeps mutant KRAS in the GDP bound state to inhibit downstream signaling. In mouse models, mutant KRAS and SMURF2 upregulation are correlated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) lesions. Furthermore, PDA patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and express moderate to high SMURF2 show decreased overall survival (p=0.04). Implications: In TP53 and KRAS double mutated pancreatic cancer, SMURF2 driven GAP17-1 membrane expulsion facilitates mutant p53-KRAS oncogenic synergy.