bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic morphological abnormality that was challenging to differentiate from an ectopic pancreas: a case report
Authors: Yoshida Takuto , Kawamura Hideki , Mino Kazuhiro , Konishi Yuji , Saito Tomoya , Shimizu Yuichi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Protrusion of the lateral contour of the pancreatic head is a pancreatic morphological abnormality, which is known as rare shape atypia. We present a rare case of protrusion of the lateral contour of the pancreatic head, which was challenging to distinguish from an ectopic pancreas.

Case presentation
The patient was a 40-year-old man with a history of acute pancreatitis that occurred twice in the past. He complained of epigastric pain since the day before the visit; his blood workup showed high serum amylase level and a CT scan revealed a 25-mm-large mass with contrast effect from the anterior wall of the gastric pylorus to the duodenum and increased surrounding fatty tissue density. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a mass lesion in the gastric pylorus with continuity with the gastric wall and suspected partial continuity with the pancreatic head. Thus, the possibility of pancreatic morphological abnormality or an ectopic pancreas was considered. Following which, resection was attempted and intraoperative findings showed a wide extension of the pancreatic parenchyma from the pancreatic head to the anterior wall of the gastric pylorus to the duodenal bulb. Since the patient only had mild pancreatitis, the resection was judged to be too invasive and was completed by exploratory laparoscopy.

Conclusions
Even if the findings on preoperative CT are suspicious for an ectopic pancreas or tumor, a pancreatic morphological abnormality, such as a protrusion of the lateral contour of the pancreatic head, should be included in the differential diagnosis.
The Effects of High-Intensity Multimodal Training in Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharp Tijana , Grandou Clementine , Coutts Aaron J. , Wallace Lee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) is emerging as a popular training method that combines aerobic and resistance training throughout a single exercise session. The current literature is limited by a lack of terminology that broadly encompasses all styles of combined aerobic and resistance training. The magnitude of chronic or long-term (i.e.  ≥ 4 weeks) effects of HIMT participation on aerobic and muscular fitness also remains unclear. Additionally, one of many complex reasons for the growing popularity of HIMT may be attributed to the affective response to exercise, namely levels of enjoyment. However, this concept is not yet well understood across all styles of HIMT. A comprehensive systematic review is required to synthesise the available literature and attempt to provide an operational definition of HIMT to capture the breadth of combined training styles that exist.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to determine the chronic effects of HIMT participation on aerobic and muscular fitness and to compare HIMT to established concurrent training methods. Enjoyability and other adherence-related subjective responses were also examined in HIMT participants. This review critically assessed the level of evidence and feasibility of current HIMT guidelines.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus to identify studies up until March 2021.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included for review. Studies generally reported moderate to large effects on aerobic fitness and subjective responses in favour of HIMT interventions. Mixed outcomes were demonstrated in muscular fitness. These results should be treated with caution due to high risk of bias among included studies.ConclusionsFew studies have assessed the chronic effects of HIMT participation on aerobic, and musculoskeletal adaptations and subjective responses, in particular exercise enjoyment. Research conclusions are limited by heterogeneity of experimental protocols and outcome measures. Furthermore, the inability of the literature to make adequate comparisons between various styles of HIMT and other concurrent training protocols limits understandings of the efficacy of HIMT.RegistrationThis systematic review was registered on the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/2RE4B; 26 March 2021).
An app with brief behavioural support to promote physical activity after a cancer diagnosis (APPROACH): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lally P. , Miller N. , Roberts A. , Beeken R. J. , Greenfield D. M. , Potts H. W. W. , Counsell N. , Latimer N. , Thomas C. , Smith L. , Gath J. , Kennedy F. , Martin C. , Wyld L. , Fisher A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are multiple health benefits from participating in physical activity after a cancer diagnosis, but many people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC) are not meeting physical activity guidelines. App-based interventions offer a promising platform for intervention delivery. This trial aims to pilot a theory-driven, app-based intervention that promotes brisk walking among people living with and beyond cancer. The primary aim is to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of study procedures before conducting a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT).MethodsThis is an individually randomised, two-armed pilot RCT. Patients with localised or metastatic breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer, who are aged 16 years or over, will be recruited from a single hospital site in South Yorkshire in the UK. The intervention includes an app designed to encourage brisk walking (Active 10) supplemented with habit-based behavioural support in the form of two brief telephone/video calls, an information leaflet, and walking planners. The primary outcomes will be feasibility and acceptability of the study procedures. Demographic and medical characteristics will be collected at baseline, through self-report and hospital records. Secondary outcomes for the pilot (assessed at 0 and 3 months) will be accelerometer measured and self-reported physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and patient-reported outcomes of quality of life, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and habit strength for walking. Qualitative interviews will explore experiences of participating or reasons for declining to participate. Parameters for the intended primary outcome measure (accelerometer measured average daily minutes of brisk walking (≥ 100 steps/min)) will inform a sample size calculation for the future RCT and a preliminary economic evaluation will be conducted.DiscussionThis pilot study will inform the design of a larger RCT to investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this intervention in people LWBC.Trial registrationISRCTN registry,ISRCTN18063498. Registered 16 April 2021.
A reappraisal of public engagement in Oxford during the pandemic: three case studies
Authors: Farrell Milly , Wilkinson Clare 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the majority of public engagement with research work moving online. This shift to online engagement is likely to affect inclusivity and diversity in such events and this requires further consideration as a result of the pandemic. Through comparing case-studies both pre-dating and during the pandemic, we are able to discern areas for ongoing improvement and learning in the public engagement sphere.

Main body
The public engagement work of the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities has sought to include a broad discussion on its research from a range of demographics, attempting to be inclusive in the engagement work of the Centre. However such efforts have not always been successful and we reflect here on two different pre-pandemic ‘in-person’ case studies assessing public views on vaccination and medical data sharing. In contrast we compare these pre-pandemic activities to a fully online case study coordinated and completed during the pandemic. These three case studies are compared and assessed for evidence of their efficacy in a post-pandemic world.

Conclusion
Research and public awareness benefit when multiple views are included in engagement events. Broader demographics enrich our ways of understanding societal responses to healthcare issues such as vaccination, data sharing and social responsibility. The move to online engagement as a result of the pandemic may open opportunities to widening engagement geographically, but it could also pose a threat to inclusivity with certain public groups on a more local level. Enabling access to online engagement is key, but considerations must be made regarding the new barriers created by a solely online world and the many groups of people inadvertently excluded from this work.
Improving face identification of mask-wearing individuals
Authors: Manley Krista D. , Chan Jason C. K. , Wells Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch has consistently shown that concealing facial features can hinder subsequent identification. The widespread adoption of face masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical and urgent need to discover techniques to improve identification of people wearing face coverings. Despite years of research on face recognition and eyewitness identifications, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations for lineup construction for cases involving masked individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine identification accuracy of a masked perpetrator as a function of lineup type (i.e., unmasked or masked lineups) and perpetrator presence (i.e., absent or present). In both experiments, discriminability was superior for masked lineups, a result that was due almost exclusively to higher hits rates in target-present conditions. These data suggest that presenting a masked lineup can enhance identification of masked faces, and they have important implications for both eyewitness identification and everyday face recognition of people with face coverings.
Physiological and molecular characterization of Metarhizium isolates and their acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Cua Basulto Marcos , Ruiz Sánchez Esaú , Ballina Gómez Horacio , Reyes Ramírez Arturo , Hernández Núñez Emanuel , Valencia Yah Teresita , Martín Mex Rodolfo , Chan Cupul Wilberth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), is one of the most damaging mites in agriculture. Due to the concern for the intensive use of synthetic acaricides, entomopathogenic fungi represents a feasible alternative to T. urticae management. In the present study, 7 isolates of Metarhizium were characterized physiological and molecularly (based on the ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 rDNA) and evaluated for their acaricidal activity [mortality, mean and 90 lethal concentration (LC50: LC90) and mean and 90 lethal time (LT50: LT90)] against T. urticae under laboratory conditions.

Results
Sequencing of the ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 rDNA region indicated that the 7 isolates belong to M. anisopliae. The isolates Ma114 (3.7 ± 0.006 mm day−1), Ma109 (3.5 ± 0.009 mm day−1) and Ma106 (3.5 ± 0.006 mm day−1) had the highest radial growth rate and Ma114 (92.2 ± 0.86%) and Ma108 (94.4 ± 1.07%) had the highest germination percentage. All isolates were pathogenic to T. urticae, causing mortality that ranged from 45.3 to 85.3%. The LC50 and LC90 were 1.2 and 2.8, 1.1 and 2.5, and 1.2 and 2.8 × 108 conidia mL−1 for isolates Ma110, Ma109 and Ma106, respectively, while the LT50 and LT90 were 7.7 and 16.5, and 7.2 and 16.1 days for isolates M110 and Ma109, respectively.

Conclusion
The isolates Ma110 and Ma109 of M. anisopliae were moderately pathogenic and virulent against T. urticae.
A different look on the importance of lateralization and localization of figure 4 symptoms in epilepsy
Authors: Morkavuk Gulin , Isık Kubra , Leventoglu Alev 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical seizure semiology provides valuable information in the evaluation of focal-onset bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. In the evaluation of these patients, long-term video-EEG monitoring (VEM) and neuroimaging studies are of great significance in determining lateralization together with clinical semiology. In this study, we examined the features of the figure 4 sign that we detected in patients with refractory epilepsy whom we followed up in the VEM unit.

Methods
In the study, 175 patients followed in the VEM unit were examined. Twenty-two patients for whom the figure 4 sign was detected were included in the study. Patients with the side indicated by the figure 4 sign comply with ictal EEG compatible were named as 1st group (G1), and those not were named as 2nd group (G2). Demographic characteristics, seizure type, number of seizures per month, duration of epilepsy, number of seizures during VEM, duration of figure 4 sign, medical history, and cranial MRI characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Results
When G1 and G2 were compared, it was observed that temporal lobe seizures were statistically significantly higher in G1. When the figure 4 sign durations were examined, this period was 16.3 ± 8.2 s in frontal lobe seizures and 20.8 ± 7.4 s in temporal lobe seizures. When the duration of the figure 4 sign was examined by gender, it was found that the duration was longer in males, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion
In conclusion, it is essential to evaluate ictal EEG findings together with brain imaging while performing semiological localization and lateralization in epileptic patients.
An AnteOwl WR intravascular ultrasound-guided parallel wiring technique for chronic total occlusion of below-the-knee arteries
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Hirano Satoshi , Arakawa Masataka , Inoguchi Yasunori , Kanda Junji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although endovascular therapy is used to treat chronic limb-threatening ischemia, long chronic total occlusion (CTO) is still challenging to treat. Especially in patients with poor run-off below-the-knee (BTK) arteries, it is difficult to perform a retrograde approach, and even guidewire passage may be difficult.

Case presentation
We treated two cases of chronic limb-threatening ischemia using our novel extreme antegrade guidewire crossing technique by AnteOwl WR intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided parallel wiring to a BTK artery (EXCAVATOR technique). Case 1 was a 70-year-old man with ulceration of the right toe. The AnteOwl WR IVUS was intentionally advanced into the subintimal space of the posterior tibial artery, and the totally intraplaque route was advanced by IVUS-guided parallel wiring that was successfully passed from the lateral plantar aspect to the true lumen of the digital artery. Case 2 was a 76-year-old woman with rest pain and cyanosis of the right lower limb. Angiography showed total occlusion from the superficial femoral artery to BTK arteries. AnteOwl WR IVUS-guided parallel wiring was repeatedly performed until the distal true lumen of the peroneal artery was reached, and revascularization was successfully achieved via the antegrade approach alone.

Conclusions
With its excellent crossable performance, good image quality, and high navigational ability within the CTO, the AnteOwl WR can be used to pass parallel wiring into the distal true lumen for BTK CTO.
Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant properties, and phenolic profile of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)-enriched plantain biscuit
Authors: Adeyemo Aanuoluwapo Elizabeth , Omoba Olufunmilayo Sade , Olagunju Aderonke Ibidunni , Josiah Sunday Solomon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlant foods have gained tremendous consideration as a significant progenitor of bioactive substances with several therapeutic advantages over synthetic drugs. Shallot(Allium ascalonicumL.) together with plantain (Musa paradisiacaL.; particularly unripe ones) holds their applications as spice/food and folk medicine. Hence, this research pursues to explore the chemical composition, antioxidant activities (in vitro), and phenolic profile of shallot-enriched plantain biscuits. Processed shallot flour and unripe plantain flour were blended in different proportions (100% Plantain (SB0), 95% Plantain + 5% Shallot (SB5), 90% Plantain + 10% Shallot (SB10), 85% Plantain + 15% Shallot biscuit (SB15) and 80% Plantain + 20% Shallot biscuit (SB20), mixed with other ingredients to prepare biscuits. The proximate, mineral, anti-nutrient compositions, as well as antioxidant activities of shallot-enriched plantain biscuits and a commercial onion biscuit (COMBIS), were assessed using standard methods. Also, the physical properties and sensory attributes were evaluated using standard methods and polyphenols present in the developed biscuits were identified using HPLC–DAD.ResultsThe study revealed that shallot-enriched plantain biscuits contained substantial nutritional contents as the protein content increased upon substitution of shallot flour. The mineral components and their anti-nutrient mineral ratio suggested their physiological impacts on nutrient bioavailability. In addition, the developed biscuit showed good physical and sensory characteristics and displayed remarkable antioxidant activities in vitro. Five polyphenols were detected in the biscuits (shallot-enriched plantain biscuit and COMBIS) with hydroxybenzoic acid being the predominant compound.ConclusionThe developed shallot-enriched plantain biscuit may possess potential usefulness as a functional snack in the management of oxidative stress-related pathologies owing to the remarkable nutritional composition and significant antioxidant activities exhibited by the developed biscuit.
An ultralight geometry processing library for parallel mesh refinement
Authors: Wang Bohan , Chen Bo , Yu Kaixin , Xie Lijun , Chen Jianjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn applications such as parallel mesh refinement, it remains a challenging issue to ensure the refined surface respects the original Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model accurately. In this paper, an ultralight geometry processing library is developed to resolve this issue effectively and efficiently. Here, we say the kernel is ultralight because it has a very small set of data-structures and algorithms by comparison with industrial-level geometry kernels. Within the library, a simplified surface boundary representation (B-rep) and a radial edge structure are developed respectively to depict the geometry model and the surface mesh, plus hash tables that record the connections between the geometry model and the surface mesh. Based on these data structures, a set of efficient algorithms are developed, which initializes the connection tables, projects a point back to the original geometry, etc. With these data-structure and algorithmic infrastructures set up, the callings of eight well-designed Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are powerful enough to enable the parallel mesh refinement algorithm outputs a mesh respecting the input CAD model accurately. Numerical experiments will be finally presented to evaluate the performance of the overall parallel mesh refinement algorithm and the algorithms in relation with the developed library.
Assessment of left ventricular systolic function using two- and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography among healthy preschool-age pediatric children
Authors: Kamel Heba , Elsayegh Ayah Tarek , Nazmi Hany , Attia Hebatallah Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate measurements of left ventricular (LV) volumes and function are important in the management of patients with various cardiac abnormalities. Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is shown to be accurate in detecting subclinical myocardial dysfunction when most of the conventional echocardiography parameters were normal. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is a new noninvasive imaging technique that has been shown to be accurate in determining cardiac volume and performance. Establishment of normal range values of 3D STE over a different range of ages is crucial before applying this recent technology in clinical applications. This study aimed to assess feasibility of 3D LV STE and establish normal values for the LV systolic function among healthy Egyptian preschool-age pediatric population using 2D and 3D STE.

Results
A total of 200 subjects (95%) met the criteria for 2DSTE analysis, 10 were excluded from the 2D analysis and 180 subjects (85%) met the criteria for 3D STE analysis. Regarding the 2D STE GLS, the mean was -22.1345 ± 2.166%, GCS was f -19.02 ± 1.23%, and GRS was 42.25 ± 2.35%. There was a strongly positive significant correlation between age and 2D values of GLS (P = 0.001). The GCS showed a weakly positive nonsignificant correlation with age (P = 0.28), while GRS showed a strongly negative significant correlation with age (P = 0.001). Regarding the 3D STE data, GLS mean was -20.48 ± 1.526%, GCS mean was -13.90 ± 2.05%, while GRS mean was 47.21 ± 2.382%. 3D GLS values had a strongly positive significant correlation with age (P = 0.001). While GCS showed a weakly positive nonsignificant correlation (P = 0.955), GRS showed a strongly negative significant correlation (P = 0.001). Linear correlation analysis of 2D and 3D values of strain showed that GLS had a strongly positive significant correlation (P = 0.001), while GCS showed a weakly positive nonsignificant correlation (P = 0.161) and GRS showed a strongly positive significant correlation (P = 0.001).
Conclusions
3D global strain analysis using the 3D STE is feasible in the preschool-age pediatric population. Results were almost concordant with previous observations in most of the values except for GCS, especially 3D values which could be attributed to different vendor system used and different ethnicity. Further studies are required to reinforce these data using the GE vendor machine.
Scope of SARS-CoV-2 variants, mutations, and vaccine technologies
Authors: Wambani Josephine , Okoth Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is disseminated by respiratory aerosols. The virus uses the spike protein to target epithelial cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor on the host cells. As a result, effective vaccines must target the viral spike glycoprotein. However, the appearance of an Omicron variant with 32 mutations in its spike protein raises questions about the vaccine’s efficacy. Vaccines are critical in boosting immunity, lowering COVID-19-related illnesses, reducing the infectious burden on the healthcare system, and reducing economic loss, according to current data. An efficient vaccination campaign is projected to increase innate and adaptive immune responses, offering better protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main body
The presence of altered SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating around the world puts the effectiveness of vaccines already on the market at risk. The problem is made even worse by the Omicron variant, which has 32 mutations in its spike protein. Experts are currently examining the potential consequences of commercial vaccines on variants. However, there are worries about the vaccines’ safety, the protection they provide, and whether future structural changes are required for these vaccines to be more effective. As a result of these concerns, new vaccines based on modern technology should be developed to guard against the growing SARS-CoV-2 variations.

Conclusion
The choice of a particular vaccine is influenced by several factors including mode of action, storage conditions, group of the vaccinee, immune response mounted, cost, dosage protocol, age, and side effects. Currently, seven SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms have been developed. This comprises of inactivated viruses, messenger RNA (mRNA), DNA vaccines, protein subunits, nonreplicating and replicating vector viral-like particles (VLP), and live attenuated vaccines. This review focuses on the SARS-CoV-2 mutations, variants of concern (VOCs), and advances in vaccine technologies.