bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of potential impurities of ezetimibe
Authors: Satheesh Deekonda , Devi Dharmasoth Rama , Basavaiah Keloth , Sreenivasulu B. , Reddy Bhavanam Sekhara , Aegurla Balakrishna , Kumar Pallerla Satish , Guduri Anil Kumar , Chavakula Ramadas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEzetimibe is an azetidinone derivative and a substituted β‐lactam, it is a hypolipidemic agent, and a drug substance that lowers the cholesterol levels in our body. The present work describes the origin, synthesis, and characterization of three impurities of ezetimibe, which are also positional isomers and/or related substances of ezetimibe. viz: o‐Fluoro benzene isomer, m‐Fluoro aniline analog, and des‐fluoro aniline analogs of ezetimibe.
Recent weakening relationship between the springtime Indo‐Pacific warm pool SST zonal gradient and the subsequent summertime western Pacific subtropical high
Authors: Gan Qiuying , Wang Lei , Leung Jeremy Cheuk‐Hin , Weng Jinwen , Zhang Banglin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) substantially affects the climate in the Pacific and East Asia. Previous studies have revealed that the springtime Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) sea surface temperature zonal gradient (SSTG) could be used as a predictor of the subsequent summertime WPSH's intensity. Here, we find that the interannual variability of the springtime IPWP SSTG has greatly decreased after the late 1990s, accompanied by the weakened relationship between the springtime IPWP SSTG and the following summertime WPSH, which may reduce the efficiency of the springtime IPWP SSTG as a key predictor for the summertime WPSH in recent decades. This observed recent weakening IPWP SSTG–WPSH relationship could be largely contributed by the decadal shift of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the WPSH around the late 1990s. The ENSO regime shift from the eastern Pacific (EP) type to the central Pacific (CP) type could alter the spatial pattern of the springtime IPWP sea surface temperature (SST) dipole and further weaken the local air–sea interaction between the underlying IPWP SST and the WPSH. From another perspective of the WPSH decadal shift, the WPSH‐related first leading mode before (after) the late 1990s, characterized by a large‐scale uniform (dipole) pattern with an oscillating period of ~4–5 year (~2–3 year), tended to promote a stronger (weaker) linkage with the springtime IPWP SSTG. In addition, the recent enhancement of the tropical Atlantic SST influences is considered to possibly promote the decadal shifts of the ENSO and the WPSH‐related leading mode. After the springtime tropical Atlantic SST was added as a predictor, the predicting skills of the empirical equation for the summertime WPSH could be substantially improved. The results herein have important implications for the further improvement of the seasonal WPSH prediction, which is of great practical significance in the prevention and mitigation of climate disasters.
Intravenous amino acids may mediate the adverse effect of early parenteral nutrition on mortality in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation: A post hoc analysis of the NEED trial
Authors: Lin Jiajia , Liu Man , Huang Mingfeng , Ye Xianghong , Xu Yao , Lv Cheng , Liu Zirui , Liu Yuxiu , Tong Zhihui , Li Weiqin , Ke Lu ,   Chinese Critical Care Nutrition Trials Group (CCCNTG)
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is controversy regarding the optimal timing of initiating parenteral nutrition (PN) in critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate the association between early PN and clinical outcomes and explore the mediation effects of different macronutrients in a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients.MethodsThis is a post hoc analysis of the NEED trial aiming to investigate the effect of implementing an evidence‐based feeding guideline in newly‐admitted critically ill patients. All eligible patients were divided into those who received early PN within the first 3 days of enrollment (early PN) or those who did not (non‐early PN). Propensity score matching with a one‐to‐one nearest neighbor‐matching algorithm was applied to control potential confounders. Mediation analysis was used to test the indirect effect of different macronutrients from PN on the relationship between early PN and 28‐day mortality.ResultsThe propensity score matching created 370 matched pairs of 1154 patients that met the eligibility criteria. Compared with non‐early PN, patients receiving early PN had significantly higher 28‐day mortality (19.7% vs 12.4%; hazard ratio = 1.904; 95% CI, 1.063–3.410; P = 0.03). Mediation analysis showed that amino acids from early PN mediated 65% (mediation effect = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02–0.13; P = 0.01) of the detrimental effect of early PN on the 28‐day mortality.ConclusionEarly PN is associated with increased 28‐day mortality in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The detrimental effect may be mediated by intravenous amino acids from early PN.
A systematic review of oncological outcomes after nipple‐sparing mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: Zaborowski Alexandra M. , Roe Simon , Rothwell Jane , Evoy Denis , Geraghty James , McCartan Damian , Prichard Ruth S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNipple‐sparing mastectomy is an alternative to skin‐sparing mastectomy in select patients. Increasing evidence supports its use in the setting of breast cancer, however concerns still exist regarding oncological safety. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate long‐term oncological outcomes of patients who underwent nipple‐sparing mastectomy for breast cancer. A systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate oncological outcomes in patients with breast cancer who underwent nipple‐sparing mastectomy. Five major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane) were searched. The review included all original articles published in English reporting long‐term oncological outcomes. 2334 studies were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 retrospective studies involving 7107 patients were included. The indication for nipple‐sparing mastectomy was invasive carcinoma in 6069 patients (85.4%) and in situ disease in 1038 (14.6%). Median follow up was 48 months (range 25–94). The weighted mean rates of local recurrence and recurrence involving the nipple‐areola complex were 5.4% (0.9–11.9) and 1.3% (0–4.9), respectively. The weighted mean distant failure rate was 4.8% (1.5–23.0). Therapeutic nipple‐sparing mastectomy is oncologically safe in select patients with breast cancer.
Evaluating a learning health system initiative: Lessons learned during COVID‐19 in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Groot Gary , Witham Stephanie , Badea Andreea , Baer Susan , Dalidowicz Michelle , Reeder Bruce , Froh John , Carr Tracey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEvaluating a learning health system (LHS) encourages continuous system improvement and collaboration within the healthcare system. Although LHS is a widely accepted concept, there is little knowledge about evaluating an LHS. To explore the outputs and outcomes of an LHS model, we evaluated the COVID‐19 Evidence Support Team (CEST) in Saskatchewan, Canada, an initiative to rapidly review scientific evidence about COVID‐19 for decision‐making. By evaluating this program during its formation, we explored how and to what extent the CEST initiative was used by stakeholders. An additional study aim was to understand how CEST could be applied as a functional LHS and the value of similar knowledge‐to‐action cycles.MethodsUsing a formative evaluation design, we conducted qualitative interviews with key informants (KIs) who were involved with COVID‐19 response strategies in Saskatchewan. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify key themes. A program logic model was created to represent the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of the CEST initiative.ResultsInterview data from 11 KIs were collated under three overarching categories: (1) outputs, (2) short‐term outcomes, and (3) long‐term outcomes from the CEST initiative. Overall, participants found the CEST initiative improved speed and access to reliable information, supported and influenced decision‐making and public health strategies, leveraged partnerships, increased confidence and reassurance, and challenged misinformation. Themes relating to the long‐term outcomes of the initiative included improving coordination, awareness, and using good judgment and planning to integrate CEST sustainably into the health system.ConclusionThis formative evaluation demonstrated that CEST was a valued program and a promising LHS model for Saskatchewan. The future direction involves addressing program recommendations to implement this model as a functional LHS in Saskatchewan.
Design of ultrathin transparent cross‐polarization converter
Authors: He Yulian , Kou Na , Yu Shixing , Ding Zhao , Zhang Zhengping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this letter, we propose a novel transparent wideband reflective metasurface based on indium tin oxide (ITO) material. The unit consists of four C‐shaped structures of different sizes. ITO material was plated on the surface of soda‐calcium glass by magnetron sputtering. Floquet port and master‐slave boundary conditions were set up in ANSYS HFSS for simulation. Simulation results show that the polarization conversion ratio reaches 90% in the range of 10.9–20.5 GHz, with little change in the 30° incident angle range. Experimental results are consistent with the simulation ones. The proposed transparent cross‐polarization converter may be used in the devices integrated with solar cells.
Miniaturized coplanar waveguide‐fed metamaterial inspired antenna for radio frequency identification applications
Authors: Subbaiyan Rajasri , Rajasekar Boopathi Rani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, split ring resonator (SRR) based coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed antenna for 5.8 GHz radio frequency identification applications is presented. The antenna has a compact size of 18 × 12 × 0.8 mm3 on an FR‐4 substrate. The proposed antenna has been simulated in HFSS 2019 R2 EM simulator. Scattering parameter retrieval method has been used for the analysis of metamaterial unit cells. Return loss, E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patterns of the proposed antenna have been analyzed. The proposed antenna provides good radiation efficiency of 97.5% at an ISM frequency of 5.8 GHz.
Miscellaneous PEDOT:PTS (polythiophenesulfonyl chloride) based conductive binder for silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yuca Neslihan , Kalafat Ilknur , Taskin Omer Suat , Arici Elif 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium ion batteries which are an energy storage system have increasing attention owing to suitability and advantages for many applications. Although it has ideal specifications, the capacity properties still have to be developed. In this study, the electrical conductivity of the anode was increased by using a conductive polymer binder and the active material content of the anode was also enhanced without adding carbon additives. Silicon based anodes were manufactured by using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polythiophenesulfonyl chloride (PEDOT:PTS) conductive polymer binders. Si/PEDOT:PTS anode showed about 2000 mAh/g specific capacities after 60 cycles with decreasing impedance.
Cancer survivors' cancellations of healthcare appointments during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Associations with anxiety and depression
Authors: Finkelstein Lauren B. , Fishbein Joel N. , Bright Emma E. , Nealis Madeline , Schmiege Sarah J. , Arch Joanna J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThough it is well‐documented that cancer survivors experienced healthcare delays during the COVID‐19 pandemic, who initiated those delays has not been examined. This longitudinal study distinguishes rates of patient‐from provider‐cancelled healthcare appointments at three timepoints during the pandemic, and examines psychosocial factors associated with patient‐cancelled appointments.MethodsCancer survivors (N = 147) in the United States completed psychosocial and health behavior measures three times between May and December 2020. We examined rates of patient‐ and provider‐cancelled healthcare appointments, including cancer screening appointments, at each timepoint and change between timepoints. Logistic regression was used to determine if anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and COVID‐19 fears were associated with self‐cancelled healthcare appointments.ResultsIn May 2020, one third (33.79%) of participants reported one or more self‐cancelled appointments within the prior 2 months and nearly half (45.89%) reported one or more provider‐cancelled appointments. Rates of provider‐cancelled appointments decreased to 35.71% in June/July 2020 and to 9.24% in November/December 2020 (both reflected p < 0.05 reductions compared to the previous timepoint). Rates of self‐cancelled appointments, however, remained more stable (ps > 0.144). In June/July and November/December 2020, higher depression and anxiety symptoms, but not COVID‐19 fears, were associated with greater likelihood of self‐cancelled appointments.ConclusionsCancer survivors cancelled their healthcare appointments at a stable rate even as provider‐cancelled appointments declined. Depression and anxiety symptoms, but not COVID‐19 concerns, were associated with patient cancellations. Interventions that address anxiety and depression symptoms may help to promote adherence to cancer survivorship care during the pandemic.
Depression among caregivers of cancer patients: Updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bedaso Asres , Dejenu Getiye , Duko Bereket 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is imperative to provide care for patients with terminal illnesses such as cancer, though it demands time, financial resources and other unmet needs. Subsequently, caregivers might be exposed to psychological stress and other mental health problems. Previous meta‐analysis finding shows caregivers of cancer patient suffer from depression. During the past 4 years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of newly studies, and we therefore intended to update this finding and provide current global prevalence of depression among caregivers of Cancer patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHIL, Embase, and PsychINFO to identify peer‐reviewed studies which reported the prevalence of depression among caregivers of cancer patients using pre‐defined eligibility criteria. Studies were pooled to estimate the global prevalence of depression using a random‐effect meta‐analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's regression tests were used to check for publication bias.ResultOur search identified 4375 studies, of which 35 studies with 11,396 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. In the current review, the pooled prevalence of depression among caregivers of Cancer patients was 42.08% (95% CI: 34.71–49.45). The pooled prevalence of depression was higher in the studies that used cross‐sectional data (42%, 95% CI: 31–52) than longitudinal data (34%, 95% CI: 18–50). We also observed a higher rate of depression among female caregivers when compared to their male counterparts (57.6%) (95% CI: 29.5–81.5).ConclusionGlobally, around two in five cancer patient caregivers screened positive for depression, which needs due attention. Routine screening of depressive symptoms and providing psychosocial support for caregivers is crucial.
On the plasma permeability of highly porous ceramic framework materials using polymers as marker materials
Authors: Marxen M. Leander , Hansen Luka , Reimers Armin , Tjardts Tim , Saure Lena M. , Greve Erik , Drewes Jonas , Schütt Fabian , Adelung Rainer , Kersten Holger 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighly porous framework materials are of large interest due to their broad potential for application, for example, as sensors or catalysts. A new approach is presented to investigate, how deep plasma species can penetrate such materials. For this purpose, a polymer (ethylene propylene diene monomere rubber) is used as marker material and covered with the porous material during plasma exposure. Water contact‐angle and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are used to identify changes in the polymer surface, originating from the interaction of plasma species with the polymer. The method is demonstrated by studying the plasma permeability of tetrapodal zinc oxide framework materials with a porosity of about 90% in an oxygen low‐pressure capacitively coupled plasma. Significant differences in the penetration depth ranging from roughly 1.6–4 mm are found for different densities of the material and different treatment conditions.
Branes and Non‐Invertible Symmetries
Authors: García Etxebarria Iñaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract supersymmetric Yang‐Mills theories with algebra and appropriate choices of global structure can have non‐invertible symmetries. We identify the branes holographically dual to the non‐invertible symmetries, and derive the fusion rules for the symmetries from the worldvolume dynamics on the branes.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 2: Role in pathogenesis and diagnosis in HEV infections
Authors: Sayed Ibrahim M. , Karam‐Allah Ramadan Haidi , Hafez Mahmoud H. R. , Elkhawaga Amal A. , El‐Mokhtar Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurs worldwide. The HEV genome includes three to four open reading frames (ORF1‐4). ORF1 proteins are essential for viral replication, while the ORF3 protein is an ion channel involved in the exit of HEV from the infected cells. ORF2 proteins form the viral capsid required for HEV invasion and assembly. They also suppress interferon production and inhibit antibody‐mediated neutralisation of HEV, allowing the virus to hijack the host immune response. ORF2 is the only detectable viral protein in the human liver during HEV infection and it is secreted in the plasma, stool, and urine of HEV‐infected patients, making it a reliable diagnostic marker. The plasma HEV ORF2 antigen level can predict the outcome of HEV infections. Hence, monitoring HEV ORF2 antigen levels may be useful in assessing the efficacy of anti‐HEV therapy. The ORF2 antigen is immunogenic and includes epitopes that can induce neutralising antibodies; therefore, it is a potential HEV vaccine candidate. In this review, we highlighted the different forms of HEV ORF2 protein and their roles in HEV pathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring the therapeutic efficacy, and vaccine development.
The Pandora's box of social, process, and people debts in software engineering
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ovais , Gustavsson Tomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn software engineering, technical debt (TD) has been widely investigated, but debt regarding social issues, people, and processes has not been explored as much. It should be noted here that we use nontechnical debt (NTD) as an umbrella term to cover social, process, and people debts. Although the number of studies on NTD in software is increasing, the majority of them are descriptive rather than rigorous, and there is no systematic development of cumulative knowledge. As a result, identifying the fundamental causes of NTD and the associated mitigation techniques in software engineering is challenging. Therefore, this study investigates the scientific evidence regarding NTD till date by conducting a systematic mapping review of software engineering research between January 2000 and October 2021. The search strategy resulted in 175 studies, 17 of which were identified as unique and relevant primary papers. The primary studies show that NTD and TD are inextricably linked. In addition, this study also captured a plethora of causes and mitigation strategies for managing NTD and thus makes four important contributions: (i) highlighting state‐of‐the‐art NTD research; (ii) identification of the reported causes and mitigation strategies in the primary papers; and (iii) determination of opportunities for future NTD research.
Genome‐wide identification of R2R3‐MYB family genes and gene response to stress in ginger
Authors: Yao Xiaoyan , Meng Fei , Wu Liping , Guo Xiaohu , Sun Zongping , Jiang Weimin , Zhang Jing , Wu Jing , Wang Shuting , Wang Zhaojian , Su Xinglong , Dai Xiuru , Qu Changqing , Xing Shihai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGinger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important plant used worldwide for medicine and food. The R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (TF) family has essential roles in plant growth, development, and stresses resistance, and the number of genes in the family varies greatly among different types of plants. However, genome‐wide discovery of ZoMYBs and gene responses to stresses have not been reported in ginger. Therefore, genome‐wide analysis of R2R3‐MYB genes in ginger was conducted in this study. Protein phylogenetic relations and conserved motifs and chromosome localization and duplication, structure, and cis‐regulatory elements were analyzed. In addition, the expression patterns of selected genes were analyzed under two different stresses. A total of 299 candidate ZoMYB genes were discovered in ginger. Based on groupings of R2R3‐MYB genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., ZoMYBs were divided into eight groups. Genes were distributed across 22 chromosomes at uneven densities. In gene duplication analysis, 120 segmental duplications were identified in the ginger genome. Gene expression patterns of 10 ZoMYBs in leaves of ginger under abscisic acid (ABA) and low‐temperature stress treatments were different. The results will help to determine the exact roles of ZoMYBs in anti‐stress responses in ginger.
EU’s next generation risk assessment: hurdles and opportunities for new approach methodologies
Authors: Otto Sarah , Vrolijk Misha F. , de Boer Alie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe EU’s decision to ban animal testing for toxicity testing, has positively influenced the pace of developing New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). This development also supports replacing animal methods in other forms of risk assessment (RA), such as for oral-toxicity testing. This study aims to identify the hurdles and opportunities for validation and implementation of NAMs in the current EU’s chemical RA. Through conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 stakeholders, experiences and perspectives about the validation and implementation of NAMs in RA for orally ingested chemicals were analyzed. Stakeholders considered the use of NAMs for RA processes both a cultural and generational issue. Both were perceived as hurdles for reaching the next generation RA approach. The differing views on NAMs originated from experience and stakeholder positions, but communication and collaboration on developing future RA approaches could support overcoming this skepticism. Irrespectively of their background, all interviewees were generally optimistic that NAMs will support the development of more accurate and sustainable RA. This research highlights the need for the EU to adjust legislation and guidance documents to shift in testing requirements from the traditional overexposure approach to more predictive, mechanistic testing in RA, which will take time. This study, however, shows that—when all stakeholders engage in communication and confidence building—NAMs can already play an important role in reducing and refining animal testing.
Ultrafilters Without Immediate Predecessors in Rudin–Frolik Order for Regulars
Authors: Jureczko Joanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to construct ultrafilters without immediate predecessors in the Rudin-Frolik order in $$\beta \kappa {\setminus } \kappa $$

β
κ
\
κ

, where $$\kappa $$
κ
is a regular cardinal. This generalizes the problem posed by Peter Simon more than 40 years ago.