bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal changes in serum immune markers during normal pregnancy in a North‐Indian population
Authors: Kaushal Khushboo , Ayushi  , Sharma Nikhil , Wadhwa Nitya , Misra Sumit , Bhatnagar Shinjini , Desiraju Bapu Koundinya , Thiruvengadam Ramachandran , Sopory Shailaja ,   GARBH‐Ini study group
Published: March 2022

AbstractProblemThe objective of this study was to examine levels of cytokines across normal term pregnancy in an Indian population. Additionally we have also explored for possible associations between inflammatory markers and fetal growth parameters.Method of StudyA multiplex panel of 24 analytes was used to examine levels of inflammatory markers in maternal serum at three time points during pregnancy and in cord blood from women with no reported comorbidities who delivered a singleton live baby at term (N = 23), enrolled in the GARBH‐Ini pregnancy cohort. Linear mixed models were applied to construct longitudinal cytokine trajectories with gestational age. Pearson correlation was used to calculate intra‐visit correlation between cytokines. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to examine cytokine combinations prevalent across pregnancy, and their association with fetal growth parameters was determined by multivariable regression.ResultsSignificant increase in sFLT‐1, Flt3L, PLGF, IL‐4, and IL‐18 and a decrease in VCAM‐1 concentrations was seen across pregnancy. The cytokine concentrations in cord blood differed substantially as compared to maternal levels across gestation. Some cytokines were closely correlated with each other in distinct patterns across pregnancy. Gestational age specific combination of cytokines were seen to be associated with different fetal growth parameters.ConclusionsThis study for the first time provides reference concentrations for the longitudinal expression of immune markers across pregnancy in an Indian population providing a much needed baseline to compare with pregnancies leading to adverse outcomes. Growth factors showed maximum longitudinal variation with gestational age and strong correlations were identified between various cytokines at all time points across pregnancy.
A randomised controlled feasibility trial of a clinical protocol to manage hypotension during major non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Wijeysundera D. N. , Duncan D. , Moreno Garijo J. , Jerath A. , Meineri M. , Parotto M. , Wąsowicz M. , McCluskey S. A. ,   AMIGO‐1 Study Investigators
Published: March 2022

SummaryIntra‐operative hypotension is a risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive monitors that derive other haemodynamic parameters, such as stroke volume, may better inform the management of hypotension. As a prelude to a multicentre randomised controlled trial, we conducted a single‐centre feasibility trial of a protocol to treat hypotension as informed by minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring during non‐cardiac surgery. We recruited adults aged ≥40 years with cardiovascular risk factors who underwent non‐cardiac surgery requiring invasive arterial pressure monitoring. Participants were randomly allocated to usual care, or a clinical protocol informed by an arterial waveform contour analysis monitor. Participants, outcome assessors, clinicians outside operating theatres and analysts were blinded to treatment allocation. Feasibility was evaluated based on: consent rate; recruitment rate; structured feedback from anaesthesia providers; and between‐group differences in blood pressure, processes‐of‐care and outcomes. The consent rate among eligible patients was 33%, with 30 participants randomly allocated to the protocol and 30 to usual care. Anaesthesia providers rated the protocol to be feasible and acceptable. The protocol was associated with reduced fluid balance and hypotension exposure in the peri‐operative setting. Postoperative complications included: acute myocardial injury in 18 (30%); acute kidney injury in 17 (28%); and surgical site infection in 7 (12%). The severity of complications was rated as moderate or severe in 25 (42%) participants. In summary, this single‐centre study confirmed the feasibility of a multicentre trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a physiologically guided treatment protocol for intra‐operative hypotension based on minimally invasive haemodynamic monitors.
Social comparison for concern and action on climate change, racial injustice, and COVID‐19
Authors: Ulichney Virginia , Jarcho Johanna M. , Shipley Thomas F. , Ham Joy , Helion Chelsea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreventing the negative impacts of major, intersectional social issues hinges on personal concern and willingness to take action. This research examines social comparison in the context of climate change, racial injustice, and COVID‐19 during Fall 2020. Participants in a U.S. university sample (n = 288), reported personal levels of concern and action and estimated peers' concern and action regarding these three issues. Participants estimated that they were more concerned than peers for all three issues and took more action than peers regarding COVID‐19 and climate change. Participants who reported higher levels of personal concern also estimated that they took greater action than peers (relative to participants who reported lower levels of concern). Exploratory analyses found that perceived personal control over social issues were associated with greater concern and action for racial injustice and climate change but not for COVID‐19. This indicates that issue‐specific features, including perceived controllability, may drive people to differently assess their experiences of distinct social issues.
Learning disability history: A guide to method for the prospective researcher
Authors: Goodey C. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHere, I examine the status of ‘learning disability’ as a basic concept. This kind of questioning may be thought a task for philosophy, or at least for ‘theory’ or ‘disability studies’.Materials and methodsI identify history instead as a discipline well placed to reveal the category errors that surround the concept.ResultsThese begin with the word ‘disability’ itself, which subliminally identifies learning disability as a natural impairment like physical and sensory impairment, rather than as the creation (unlike these latter) of human beings ourselves over the long historical term. The error of dealing with learning disability as if it were a natural kind is reinforced, in conventional histories, by trying to diagnose it retrospectively. I illustrate these points by taking certain major items of the psychologist's vocabulary—‘the mind’, logical reasoning, abstraction, development, normal intelligence and autism—and show briefly how such things do not exist in nature but, in both a conceptual and a material sense, have emerged from the long course of historical contingencies.ConclusionsMy examples demonstrate the need for and validity of a historical method specific to learning disability, which can radically expand the horizons for researchers and busy practitioners, and contribute to the liberation of people carrying learning disability labels.
Ginsenoside Rg1 improves Alzheimer's disease by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation through Wnt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Limei , Zhang Caijun , Guo Yuqian , Li Jintao , Wu Chao , Jiao Jianlin , Zheng Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that can cause cognitive impairment. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has a significant neuroprotective effect on animals with memory impairment. However, the mechanism of how Rg1 mediates the Wnt signaling pathway and improves cognitive function by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation is still unclear. In this study, the spatial memory ability of tree shrews was tested by Morris water maze, the expression levels of amyloid protein (Aβ1‐42), ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (iba‐1), nitrotyrosine (NT), and 8‐hydroxyguanine (8‐OHG) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the activity of catalase (CAT) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) was, respectively, measured by the ammonium molybdate method and the 5,5′‐dithiobis (2‐nitrobenzoic acid). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined by the thiobarbituric acid test. Finally, the expression levels of Beta‐secretase (BACE1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), BCL2‐Associated X (Bax), B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), caspase‐anti‐apoptotic factor Cleaved‐caspase‐3 (Caspase‐3), microtubule‐associated proteins 2 (MAP2), Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), as well as the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β and β‐catenin were detected by Western blot. This study implied that Rg1 reduced the phosphorylation of Tau protein, the deposition of Aβ1‐42, and the expression of BACE1. It also showed that Rg1 increased the antioxidant activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, and instead reduced the oxidation products of NT, 8‐OHG, and MDA, as wells as the inflammatory factor interleukin‐1 and iba‐1. It further showed that Rg1 increased the ratio of Bcl‐2 to Bax and expression of neuronal markers MAP2 and NeuN, but instead reduced the expression of Caspase‐3, GSK‐3β, and β‐catenin. In conclusion, by regulating the Wnt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway, Rg1 of moderate and high dose could alleviate oxidative stress damage, improve neuroinflammation, protect neurons, finally improve the cognitive impairment of the AD tree shrew. This study provides theoretical basis for the Rg1 clinical application in AD.
Infant color perception: Insight into perceptual development
Authors: Skelton Alice E. , Maule John , Franklin Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA remarkable amount of perceptual development occurs in the first year after birth. In this article, we spotlight the case of color perception. We outline how within just 6 months, infants go from very limited detection of color as newborns to a more sophisticated perception of color that enables them to make sense of objects and the world around them. We summarize the evidence that by 6 months, infants can perceive the dimensions of color and categorize it, and have at least rudimentary mechanisms to keep color perceptually constant despite variation in illumination. In addition, infants’ sensitivity to color relates to statistical regularities of color in natural scenes. We illustrate the contribution of these findings to understanding the development of perceptual skills such as discrimination, categorization, and constancy. We also discuss the relevance of the findings for broader questions about perceptual development and identify directions for research.
Increasing support group attendance for metabolic and bariatric surgery patients with online groups
Authors: Vosburg Ralph Wesley , Seitz Cristine 
Published: March 2022

SummarySupport group attendance for patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery has been shown to improve outcomes. Finding meaningful ways to engage as many patients as possible with these group sessions is important. Attendance records of 120 in‐person and 48 virtual support groups that took place over 6‐years were reviewed and compared from a metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) program in the USA. No significant difference in attendance for in‐person groups or the first year of virtual support groups was found. The second consecutive year of virtual support groups were found to have a significant increase in patient attendance when compared to in‐person groups and also the first year of virtual groups. Support groups for MBS patients are valuable experiences. Offering these virtually can help increase the number of patients that attend groups after the first year.
Remote family dispute resolution services for COVID and post‐COVID times: Client and practitioner perspectives
Authors: Heard Genevieve , Bickerdike Andrew , Opoku Sandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2020, residents in the state of Victoria, Australia endured months of government restrictions aimed at curbing multiple outbreaks of COVID‐19. Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) services continued to assist separating couples to sort out their parenting and property matters, necessitating a rapid and wholesale shift to remote delivery via telephone and video conferencing. This paper reports on interviews during and subsequent to ‘lockdown’ with clients of FDR services offered by a large, community‐sector provider. The data collected provide insights into the ways in which the pandemic affected the immediate needs and concerns of families as they navigated separation and shared parenting during the pandemic. Of importance to service development, the data include client responses to different methods of FDR service delivery and their reflections on how well these evolving methods were suited to their needs. Practitioner views were also sought on service delivery methods to provide a comprehensive picture of the advantages and challenges of remote delivery, and the ways in which it helped or hindered in catering to the needs of clients with safety concerns. Collectively the results of these analyses indicate that COVID has produced new risks and opportunities for the provision of FDR services, in both COVID and post‐COVID worlds. The evolving FDR service model will likely continue to feature multiple delivery options, regardless of the trajectory of the pandemic.
Discourses of foreign language development in study abroad: Social networks and other intervening factors
Authors: Mas‐Alcolea Sònia , Torres‐Purroy Helena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany scholars have highlighted the great variability of second language acquisition outcomes and, thus, the inconsistencies and inconclusiveness in the study abroad literature. These have called for longitudinal, case‐based research that focuses on the students’ processes (rather than outcomes) and that showcases the heterogeneity of experiences in two ways: by pointing at students’ socialization abroad as a key aspect affecting outcome and by accounting for other interlinking factors that may affect the students’ different trajectories. From a discourse‐analytic approach, this article presents a longitudinal, qualitative multiple‐case study of the Erasmus experience of nine Catalan‐Spanish undergraduate students in Italy, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. The focus will be on the reported linguistic impact of their sojourn abroad; how this is related to the social networks formed abroad; and the factors that shaped the participants’ socialization patterns and ultimately their second language learning and use trajectories.
Sea level rise and climate change acting as interactive stressors on development and dynamics of tropical peatlands in coastal Sumatra and South Borneo since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Hapsari K. Anggi , Jennerjahn Tim , Nugroho Septriono Hari , Yulianto Eko , Behling Hermann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoutheast Asian peatlands, along with their various important ecosystem services, are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Sumatra and Borneo. These ecosystems are threatened by coastal development, global warming and sea level rise (SLR). Despite receiving growing attention for their biodiversity and as massive carbon stores, there is still a lack of knowledge on how they initiated and evolved over time, and how they responded to past environmental change, that is, precipitation, sea level and early anthropogenic activities. To improve our understanding thereof, we conducted multi‐proxy paleoecological studies in the Kampar Peninsula and Katingan peatlands in the coastal area of Riau and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results indicate that the initiation timing and environment of both peatlands are very distinct, suggesting that peat could form under various vegetation as soon as there is sufficient moisture to limit organic matter decomposition. The past dynamics of both peatlands were mainly attributable to natural drivers, while anthropogenic activities were hardly relevant. Changes in precipitation and sea level led to shifts in peat swamp forest vegetation, peat accumulation rates and fire regimes at both sites. We infer that the simultaneous occurrence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and SLR resulted in synergistic effects which led to the occurrence of severe fires in a pristine coastal peatland ecosystem; however, it did not interrupt peat accretion. In the future, SLR, combined with the projected increase in frequency and intensity of ENSO, can potentially amplify the negative effects of anthropogenic peatland fires. This prospectively stimulates massive carbon release, thus could, in turn, contribute to worsening the global climate crisis especially once an as yet unknown threshold is crossed and peat accretion is halted, that is, peatlands lose their carbon sink function. Given the current rapid SLR, coastal peatland managements should start develop fire risk reduction or mitigation strategies.
Language differences, cultural identity, and innovation
Authors: Wang Chang'an , Wu Junqian , Ruan Jianqing , Liu Xiaoqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCultural variations caused by language differences hinder technology diffusion and economic development. Using China's city‐level data, we analyze the effect of language differences in cities on innovation. The result shows the larger the language differences within a city, the lower the innovation of that city. Then, using historical immigration data as an instrumental variable, we find the result is robust. Furthermore, by excluding the competitive channel, language communication, through which language differences influence innovation, we conclude the main channel is cultural identity.
A transdisciplinary review and framework of consumer interactions with embodied social robots: Design, delegate, and deploy
Authors: Blaurock Marah , Čaić Martina , Okan Mehmet , Henkel Alexander P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial robots are gradually entering the organizational frontline, and research is beginning to unveil the implications for consumer–firm interactions. While empirical studies on human–robot service interaction (HRSI) are scarce in business literature, other scientific fields have generated an abundance of empirical findings that can inform consumer research on successfully integrating embodied social robots in consumer‐facing services. In this light, a systematic literature review was conducted across scientific fields, screening over 13,500 research articles. Through a thorough review process, 199 service‐relevant empirical research articles were identified. Emanating from these data, an organizing meta‐framework is advanced (D3: design, delegate, and deploy). Leveraging this D3 framework, a comprehensive overview of several dimensions of the literature is provided, and key insights for each framework dimension are presented. Based on this overview, implications for whether, how, and when to integrate social robots in practice and a comprehensive future research agenda are developed.
Innovations and applications of 3‐D printing in food sector
Authors: Taneja Akriti , Sharma Ruchi , Ayush Krishna , Sharma Anshu , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Regenstein Joe M. , Barba Francisco J. , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Sharma Somesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract3‐D printing is a neoteric technology that can make existing food value chains client‐desirable and sustainable by providing on‐demand food production, enabling automated food personalisation, and minimising food wastage. It can address food scarcity in countries where affordable and fresh ingredients are inaccessible by integrating nutrient‐rich substrates, probiotics, bioactive compounds, and functional ingredients into complex fabricated foods. The global food processing industries are endorsing 3‐D food printing technology to make production more efficient and self‐reliant, anticipating a compound annual growth rate of ~55%. This review paper provides a holistic outlook of the technology beginning with the various techniques utilised for 3‐D printing and printers available in the market. Substantial raw ingredients used for printing and the components in the future precision and personalised foods are discussed. The pros and cons of this technology along with its potential applications and future perspectives of 3‐D food printing are also evaluated.
Chitooligosaccharides from shrimp shell chitosan prepared using H2O2 or ascorbic acid/H2O2 redox pair hydrolysis: characteristics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Mittal Ajay , Singh Avtar , Hong Hui , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: March 2022

SummaryChitooligosaccharides (COS) prepared from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shell chitosan using H2O2 at different concentrations or ascorbic acid (AsA)/H2O2 redox pair at various concentration ratios using different hydrolysis times and temperatures were characterised. COS produced by 0.05/0.1 (M/M) of AsA/H2O2 redox pair (COS‐RP) showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, FRAP, metal chelating activity and ORAC (P < 0.05). Based on fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, COS‐HP and COS‐RP had slight difference between functional groups. COS‐RP had low degree of polymerisation (2–8) and average molecular weight (0.7 kDa). Intermolecular hydrogen bonds were broken, and crystallinity of chitosan was decreased after hydrolysis. COS‐RP showed higher zone of inhibition toward tested bacteria than COS‐HP (P < 0.05). 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra also reconfirmed that no drastic alteration in chemical structure of both COS samples took place. Overall, COS prepared using AsA/H2O2 redox pair reaction was recommended due to its higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than that using H2O2 alone.
Novel insights into the effect of withering degree on Dianhong Congou black tea quality
Authors: Wang Huajie , Wang Jinjin , Yuan Haibo , Shen Shuai , Li Jia , Hua Jinjie , Jiang Yongwen 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWithering degrees (mild, appropriate and severe) have an important effect on the quality of Dianhong Congou black tea. In this study, appropriate withering (AW) promoted the conversion of catechins, yielding theaflavins (TFs) and thearubigins (TRs). This withering degree also resulted in the degradation of flavonoid glycosides, and the formation and conversion of soluble sugars and high‐boiling volatile compounds. The objective colour attributes were significantly higher under AW conditions, in addition to the best sensory qualities, including umami and sweetness flavours. Moreover, nine key non‐volatile compounds (TRs, theabrownins (TBs), fructose, etc.) and seven key volatile components (benzaldehyde, trans‐β‐Ionone, methyl salicylate, etc.) were determined. This research provides theoretical support for in‐depth exploration of the formation mechanism of Dianhong Congou black tea.