bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF LOSS ADJUSTMENT PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INSURANCE SECTOR
Authors: Kajwang Ben 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of loss adjustment practices on the performance of insurance sector
Methodology: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. , a systematic search was carried out using Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Research Gate. The study included relevant sources that were published between 2015 and 2022.
Findings: It was found that sound loss adjustment practices are a prerequisite for optimal financial and non-financial performance of insurance firms. It was concluded that having a clear policy approved by senior management, with regards to ex-gratia claim payments reduced the financial risks. It was also concluded that insurance firms can enhance their financial performance by regularly reviewing their claims handling guidelines to factor in new developments and trends. The study further concluded that non-financial and financial performance of insurance firms in influenced by quality reviews of claims to assess whether they are handled professionally and resolved appropriately. One of the performance measures could be the number and nature of complaints against the insurer with respect to their claims settlement decisions. The performance is also influenced by monitoring the level of claims which should not have been paid or are overpaid and the severity of delays in claims registration and case reserves revision.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the study findings, it was recommended that insurance firms should endeavor to set case reserves accurately for each claim in a timely manner, especially in respect of general insurance business. The components of case reserves should also be captured in sufficient details to provide useful statistics for in-depth analysis. For example, a single claim file could have separate components for own property damage, third party liabilities and fees payable to external parties. Another recommendation is that the insurer should have a clear policy, approved by senior management, with regards to ex-gratia claim payments. The authority to approve such payments should also be clearly specified and the rationale for the approval should be properly documented.
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Predisposing Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Kawolo General Hospital. A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study.
Authors:   , Ochieng Comfort , Kalembe Kezia , Mujjuzi Collins , Nakhabi Anna , Kakinda Isaac , Muwanguzi Enoch , Mbalibulha Yona 
Published: September 2022

Background Globally, the prevalence of Hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) varies from 1 - 28 %. 16.2 % of women have some form of hyperglycemia, of which GDM is about 85.1%. 87.6% of GDM accounts are in low- and middle-income countries. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is estimated to affect 21.4 million (16.9%) live births, with GDM accounting for 16% of these cases. In Kawolo General Hospital, pregnant women aren’t screened for blood glucose during antenatal visits, thus the need and relevance of investigating GDM, according to WHO recommendations. Methodology: A total of 334 participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. Blood and urine samples were collected. RBS, OGTT, and urine glucose tests were done. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13 to determine the prevalence and association between the risk factors of GDM among the respondents. Results The study revealed the prevalence of GDM as 4.5%. Hypertension and elevated blood pressure were significantly associated with GDM, with p values of 0.00 and 0.01 respectively among women of various ages, gravida, and trimester. The majority of the participants were aged 18 to 25 years (58.7%). over 86.5% were married. 56.9% had secondary education. (38.9%) were unemployed. (34.4%) were Catholics. (46.1%) had normal body mass index with an average body weight of 65 kg and 160cm (height). 70.6% had normal blood pressure. 21.56% had elevated blood pressure. (56.6%) had their protein uptake. Vitamins (100%) were high, moderate for carbohydrates (70.1%), and 96.4% low for fats. Conclusion The prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic were revealed, and thus the need for screening and treatment of both high blood pressure and high blood glucose levels. Recommendations: There’s a need to advise and sensitize them to complete all the antenatal visits and create awareness among pregnant women.
Considerations for the Use of COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests
Authors: Berglas Sarah , Rader Tamara , Mahood Quenby 
Published: September 2022

Self-testing for COVID-19 infection is quick and convenient. For those with symptoms, it supports rapid diagnosis without the risk of infecting others to travel for testing. For those without symptoms, it can provide information and reassurance before, or following, group interactions. Most rapid tests procured and distributed by governments for use by the public have been rapid antigen tests.
A COVID-19 test can only be a self-test if everyone can use it without assistance. Inequity is increased if some in the community are unable to use a rapid test and cannot access the knowledge that the result of a rapid test offers.
For broad community accessibility, there are considerations that could increase equitable access to rapid COVID-19 tests. These include but are not limited to: alternatives to nose swabbing, such as saliva, buccal, or breath testing; tests suitable for use with infants, especially those too young for vaccination; low cost, and/or available in single packages to distribute cost over time, produced and distributed quickly and widely; used and stored beyond temperature ranges of 2C to 30C for use in homes or vehicles without climate control; instructions and results presented in tactile, braille, large print, digital app, and/or audio formats and presented in additional languages to English and French.
Supervivencia de pacientes con leucemia aguda post trasplante de células hematopoyéticas
Authors: Ordoñez Cuetto Andrea Michelle , Castorena Villa Ivan , Gaytan Morales Felix , Castilla Peón María Fernanda 
Published: September 2022

Introducción: El trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) es el tratamiento para la leucemia aguda en niños, el tipo de cáncer más común en edad pediátrica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad en un grupo de pacientes sometidos a TCPH y explorar los factores de riesgo pacientes pediátricos con leucemia aguda.
Metodología: El presente estudio observacional incluye a pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) o linfoide (LLA), sometidos a TCPH, de 2011 a 2018 presentados en el Hospital Infantil Federico Gómez. Se construyen curvas de Kaplan Meier para la supervivencia global, por subgrupos según tipo de leucemia y estado libre de enfermedad, así como un estudio multivariable para medir factores de riesgo.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 53 pacientes en el análisis. 5 pacientes (11%) tuvieron falla primaria del injerto. La supervivencia global fue del 28% a los 24 meses. Fallecieron 30 pacientes (67%). La mediana de supervivencia global fue de 11 meses. Para LMA fue de 8.9 meses y para LLA de 12.4 meses. Uno de los factores de riesgo constituyó la edad >10 años al momento del trasplante OR 5.2 (1.07-25.12), P=0.04 y el número de recaídas previas al trasplante OR 4.3 (1.2-15.07) P=0.025.
Conclusión: Los pacientes que sobrevivieron un año libre de la enfermedad tenían un mejor pronóstico en general. En estudios relacionados a TCPH no se ha reportado que exista un rango de edad de los receptores de trasplante que esté relacionado a mayor mortalidad, por lo cual es un dato significativo como un factor de riesgo independiente.
Risk Communication in Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Desai Sakshi 
Published: September 2022

Risk communication is a critical aspect of pharmacovigilance that must be considered by organizations during their Risk Management planning phase. The main challenges that hinder effective risk communication is its dependence on the perception of stakeholders, underpinned by their opinions, experiences and emotional responses to risk. The way to address these challenges is two-fold. One is dealing with it at a strategic level which involves collaborative problem-solving providing an understanding of strengths and limitations of risk analysis along with tools for internal and external communication to ensure consistent messaging. And the second is dealing at an interpersonal level, which involves utilizing empathetic listening to understand needs of the stakeholders and then sharing expert insights, translating technical information into understandable language to ensure effective delivery of messages. Ultimately, integrating expert communication with computational methods creates a strong foundation and increases success of risk communication.
Role of monteleukast in the treatment of covid – 19 an overview
Authors: S Thurka , Marpaka Sravani , T Chakradhar , Negi Swati 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: COVID – 19 infections that has shaken the world by leading into a significant health issue. World is in the need for effective therapies in order to improve clinical outcomes of patients. We must consider new approaches in the treatment of COVID-19. In order to bring effectiveness in treatment, it is important to know the exact pathogenesis of the virus so that it will pave a path for an efficient treatment.
Methods: To ensure comprehensive research and discuss the objective of the review of the study, literature collection was collected from the relevant published articles from databases such as “PubMed, Medline, and SCOPUS,”
Results: COVID-19 is linked with severe inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are elevated in the lung and in bronchial cells. Leukotrienes [LTs] are eicosanoids and inflammatory mediators. Leukotrienes are produced by various cell types which includes, leukocytes. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs) are involved in respiratory pathologies such as inflammation, thrombosis and vascular damage, and fibrotic remodeling.
Discussion: Hence there is a rational for LTs inhibition and montelukast usage in respiratory diseases beyond asthma. Various literatures suggest the use of LT receptor antagonist ‘Montelukast’ in COVID – 19 treatments.
Conclusion: This review article will discuss various aspects of Montelukast in COVID – 19 treatments and reviews the properties of montelukast that could be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19.
Determination of In vitro lethality of actinomycetes antibiotic extracts from Menengai crater geothermal vents, Kenya
Authors: Waithaka Paul Njenga 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Drug resistance is the biggest threat to human existence today. This study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of selected pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotic extracts from soils of Menengai crater geothermal vents in Kenya.
Method: Antibiotic-producing actinomycetes were isolated from geothermal vents of the crater. The isolates were identified using colony characteristics and biochemical means. Sensitivity of the selected pathogenic microorganism was carried out using primary and secondary screening techniques. Four actinomycetes coded PAN 9, PAN 18, PAN 117, and PAN 138 were selected for further analysis based on the size of the zone of inhibition and the broad spectrum of activity. Extraction of antibiotics from the selected actinomycetes was carried out using ethyl acetate. A sensitivity test of the pathogens to the extracts was done using Karby Bauer disk diffusion technique. Cytotoxicity of the antibiotic extracts was carried out using Brine shrimp lethality test and sheep blood hemolytic bioassays. The isolates presented typical actinomycetes characteristics.
Results: A total of 20 actinomycete isolates showed antagonism against the test pathogenic microorganisms. The selected actinomycetes inhibited growth of Gram-positive and negative bacterial and fungal pathogens in both primary and secondary sensitivity tests. There was a significant difference in the diameters of zones of inhibition produced by the test pathogens when subjected to the antibiotic metabolites from the selected actinomycetes (F = 6.6046 P = 0.001338).
Discussion: The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration/minimum fungicidal concentration did not vary significantly (F=0.4503, P = 0.7187). The LC50 values of the antibiotic extracts varied from 2.438±0.47µg in PAN 9 to 9.3455±0.41µg in PAN 138. PAN 18 and PAN 117 showed partial hemolysis while PAN 9 and PAN 138 exhibited complete hemolysis of sheep blood erythrocytes. Soils from Menengai crater geothermal vents have actinomycetes that produce antibiotics. The antibiotics are cytotoxic to brine shrimps. In addition, the antibiotics cause hemolysis of sheep blood erythrocytes. There is a need to purify the antibiotics and structure elucidate them. The active antibiotic extract needs to be evaluated to determine whether the hemolysis is due to the compound itself or some other chemical constituent.
The efficacy of single dose palonosetron in highly emetogenic chemotherapy protocols compared to oral aprepitant and ondansetron
Authors: Al-Bairmany Yaala Saady Raof , Kasib Hadi Noor , Nazar Abdul Karim 
Published: September 2022

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common problem during cancer treatment and its proper management is essential. The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose palonosetron in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) to that of oral aprepitant and ondansetron. The secondary objective is to determine age, gender, morning sickness, motion sickness, as well as chemotherapy protocols as risk factors in increasing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
Methods: This is a prospective cohort study carried out at Al-Andalus Private Hospital for Cancer Patients in Baghdad, Iraq. The study included 296 patients, diagnosed with cancer, and receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy protocol. Patients were divided into 3 arms according to the antiemetic received. Arm 1 received aprepitant and ondansetron, arm 2 received ondansetron, and arm 3 received palonosetron. The primary endpoint was the response rate defined as the percentage of patients without nausea or vomiting episodes during the chemotherapy treatment cycles. Other secondary endpoints such as age, gender, morning sickness, motion sickness, as well as chemotherapy protocols, were measured as risk factors in increasing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
Results: A total of 296 patients, diagnosed with cancer, and receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy protocol were evaluated. There was no significant association between age or gender and CINV. The incidence of nausea and vomiting with ondansetron was more than the incidence of nausea and vomiting with aprepitant, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting with palonosetron was less than the incidence of nausea and vomiting with aprepitant. There was no significant association between morning sickness and nausea or vomiting. On the other hand, there was a significant association between motion sickness and nausea or vomiting. The most common cycle reported in nausea and vomiting was cycle 3. Regarding suffering from nausea and vomiting with some chemotherapy drugs, the most common drugs were adriamycin cyclophosphamide (AC) and carboplatin.
Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the previous reports on the superiority of palonosetron over ondansetron and its aprepitant in reducing the incidence of CINV. Regarding risk factors, motion sickness, chemotherapy cycle 3, as well as adriamycin cyclophosphamide (AC) and carboplatin were risk factors inducing CINV in high emetogenic chemotherapy protocols.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among Nepalese health professionals
Authors: Shrestha Sony Chandi , Ghebremeskel Kebreab , White Kenneth , Minelli Caterina , Tewfik Ihab , Thapa Panna , Tewfik Sundus 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Although Nepal joined the WHO program for International Drug Monitoring in 2006, published data about Nepalese health professionals’ understanding of pharmacovigilance and spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is limited. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to: (1) investigate awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among health professionals and (2) gain insight into the ADRs reported for statins in Nepal. Methods: 125 health professionals (doctors, pharmacists/assistant pharmacists, and nurses) were recruited from health care institutions (hospitals, clinics, pharmacies) in Kathmandu, Nepal. Electronic and paper survey data were collected with the use of a validated questionnaire between April and December 2018. The multiple-choice questionnaire was structured to assess the KAP of pharmacovigilance, and ADRs associated with statins, and consisted of two open-ended questions for health professionals to give suggestions for the improvement of the pharmacovigilance system. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25) was used to analyze the demographic and pharmacovigilance data. The main outcome measures were KAP of pharmacovigilance and ADRs reported for statins. Results:100 (80%) participants (44 doctors, 32 pharmacists / assistant pharmacists, 24 nurses) completed the self-administered questionnaire. Pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 71%, 81%, and 53%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the number of knowledgeable health professionals (71 vs. 29%, p < 0.05) and had a favorable attitude (81 vs. 19%, p < 0.05) toward pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting compared with those who did not. The number of participants who did not report ADR was higher than those who did (90 vs. 10%, p < 0.05). The adverse reactions associated with statins were muscle symptoms (62%), elevated activity of liver enzymes (24%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (9%). Conclusion: Despite the knowledge and willingness of health professionals to report ADRs, the practice of pharmacovigilance remains low in Nepal. There is a need for clear and enforceable regulations for monitoring and reporting ADRs, and effective educational interventions to promote pharmacovigilance practices.
Kampüs Açık Alanlarında Engelsiz Tasarım: Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Güney Kampüsü Örneği
Authors: Kamer Aksoy Özgür , Köşe Hamide 
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma kapsamında Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Güney Kampüsü’nde engelli bireylerin karşılaştığı eksikliklerin belirlenmesi ve bu eksikliklerin giderilerek engelsiz bir yerleşke oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma alanında; merdivenler, rampalar, yürüyüş yolları, kaldırımlar, otoparklar, amfi tiyatro ve toplanma alanı, peyzaj donatı elemanları, spor alanları ve bitkilendirmenin engelli standartlarına uygunluğu, TS 12576 “Şehir İçi Yollar-Özürlü ve Yaşlılar İçin Sokak, Cadde, Meydan ve Yollarda Yapısal Önlemler ve İşaretlemelerin Tasarım Kuralları” ve önceki çalışmalar incelenerek, yerinde gözlem, fotoğraf çekimi, ölçülendirmeler yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Kampüsün eğimli bir alanda olmasından dolayı özellikle merdiven ve rampalarda engelli bireyler için uygun özelliklerde olmadığı, binaya ulaşım için kullanılan yolların eğimlerinin fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uygun olmayan alanlar için çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
İklim Değişim Senaryolarına Göre ‘Juniperus excelsa’ Türünün Günümüz ve Gelecekteki Yayılış Alanlarının GARP Programında Tahmini
Authors: Cardak Çagil , Örücü Ömer K. 
Published: September 2022

İklim değişikliği ile oluşan küresel ısınmanın türler üzerinde büyük etkileri olacağı bilinmektedir. Ülkemize ait bazı türlerin iklim değişikliğinden ne derece etkileneceğinin saptanması bu türler için gelecekte çalışmalarda kullanılabilmelerinin planlanması açısından çok önemlidir. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin boyutlarını tahmin edebilmek ve tür dağılımlarını esas alan bu çalışmada Cupressaceae familyasına ait Türkiye’de doğal olarak yayılışı olan Juniperus excelsa.türüne ait var verileri (presence data) ve yüksek çözünürlüklü çevresel veriler kullanılarak Türkiye’deki günümüz yayılış alanları ve iklim değişimine bağlı olarak geliştirilen senaryolara göre gelecek projeksiyonu kural seti üretimi için genetik algoritmasını kullanan GARP 1.1.6 programı kullanılarak modellenmiştir.Modellemede MIROC6 (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) modeli kullanılarak 2041-2060ve 2081-2100 yılları SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Paths) 4.5 ve SSP5 8.5 iklim senaryoları kullanılarak oluşturulmuş 19 biyoklimatik değişken kullanılmış, türe ait üretilen alansal ve konumsal olarak yayılış alanlarının nasıl değişeceğini belirlenmiştir.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Juniperus excelsatürünün SSP2 4.5 senaryosu 2050 ve 2090 yılları ve SSP5 8.5 senaryosu 2050 yılı tahminine göre uygun alanların artacağı, ancak SSP5 8.5 senaryosu 2090 yılı tahminine göre azalacağı görülmektedir.
Arabic 1. Grammatical particles and its application in Sura Al. Anfal and Sura Al. Toba
Authors: BANO DR. NAJMA , BANO SAEEDA 
Published: September 2022

Allah Almighty has revealed the Holy Quran for the guidance of humanity and the scholars explain the Holy Quran for the light of Hidayah and to eradicate the darkness of ignorance. The Holy Quran is the finest and eloquent that represents the highest standard of Arabic Language. The Arabic grammar is the base of Arabic sciences. This research aims to highlight the Arabic grammar in Surah Al. Anfal and Surah Toba. This study consists of an introduction explaining the importance of the study. Its goals and method in addition to the structure of the study and it ends with a conclusion. This study also deals with the concept of grammatical style and results. The study ends with the definition with grammatical particles and some of its rules and its application in Sura Al. Anfal and Sura Al. Toba.
Arabic 3. Dr. Peer Muhammad Hassan as Scholar and Arabic Transleter
Authors: AKHTER NAHEED , AHMED DR. GHULAM 
Published: September 2022

"Dr. Peer Muhammad Hassan was a great scholar who provided his services in scope of Arabic language in the field of translation from Arabic to Urdu and vice versa. He had an amazing command on it’which mad his looks as a reference and primary resources because his work is very reliable even Arabs impressed him. He is commonly known due to his great research work on famous Arabic dictionary Al-ubab Azakhir Wa Al-Lubab Al-Fakhir. He also improved the standard of translation and research to avoid mistakes formal translation. He also said some Arabic poetry, Wich is a clear evidence of his command on Arabic language as he also prepared an make for the famous Arabic scholar “Kitaab seebway ka index” seebway named in Urdu language. He completed his PhD from Punjab University in 1938 on the topic “Nuz hatul Al-Arwah Wa Rozatul Afrah”. This Article will discuss some of his work and inlight us about his life and work done by him."
Arabic 4. Biography of Abul Al Hajjaj Mujhahid Bin jubair n Al Mkki Al Makzumi
Authors: JABEEN FARH , HASSAN HASHMI DR. SYED NOOR UL , MUSHTAQUE MUHAMMAD 
Published: September 2022

He is Abu Al-Hajjaj Mujahid bin Jubair, holding the rope of Ummah. He learned the meaning of Qur'an from Hazrat Abdullah Abbas. Imam Mujahid was the Imam of goodness, perseverance and peace. Imam Mujahid was very sincere and devoted to God. Imam Mujahid was a fraid of fame and praise so he used to give advice. Don't praise me in public. When Imam Mujahid used to speak, it seemed that water was coming out of the sea. He died in the state of prostration in 103 Al Hijri. When Imam Mujahid died, he died in the same year.