bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations to enhance breeding bird diversity in managed plantation forests determined using LiDAR
Authors: Tew Eleanor R. , Conway Greg J. , Henderson Ian G. , Milodowski David T. , Swinfield Tom , Sutherland William J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWidespread afforestation is a crucial component of climate mitigation strategies worldwide. This presents a significant opportunity for biodiversity conservation if forests are appropriately managed. Within forests, structural and habitat diversity are known to be critical for biodiversity but pragmatic management recommendations are lacking. We make a comprehensive assessment of the effects of habitat variables on bird populations using data from over 4000 ha of forested landscape. We combine high‐resolution remote sensing data with comprehensive management databases to classify habitat attributes and measure the response of six taxonomic and functional diversity metrics: species richness, Shannon diversity, functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional dispersion. We use a novel approach that combines hierarchical partitioning analysis with linear models to determine the relative importance of different habitat variables for each bird diversity metric. The age class of forest stands was consistently the most important variable across all bird diversity metrics, outperforming other structural measures such as horizontal and vertical heterogeneity and canopy density. Shrub density and gap fraction were each significantly associated with one bird diversity metric. In contrast, variables describing within‐stand structural heterogeneity (vertical and horizontal) were generally less important while tree species identity (e.g., conifer or broadleaved) was not significant for any bird diversity metric. Each of the six bird diversity metrics had different patterns of independent variable importance and significance, emphasizing the need to consider multiple diversity metrics in biodiversity assessments. Similarly, the optimal resolution for remote sensing metrics varied between structural variables and bird diversity metrics, suggesting that the use of remote sensing data in biodiversity studies could be greatly improved by first exploring different resolutions and data aggregations. Based on the results from this comprehensive study, we recommend that managers focus on creating habitat diversity at the between‐, rather than exclusively within‐stand scale, such as by creating a matrix of different age classes, to maximize bird diversity. This recommendation for forest managers is powerful yet pragmatic in its simplicity.
A wolf in sheep's clothing: Predatory fish have convergent consumptive effects but divergent predation‐risk effects
Authors: Bohenek Jason R. , Pintar Matthew R. , Breech Tyler M. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough consumptive effects of predators have long been central to ecology, predation‐risk effects have emerged as major components of predator–prey interactions. Both consumptive and predation‐risk effects should vary with predator functional traits (e.g., hunting mode, gape size), where consumption rates and induction of morphological and behavioral defenses correlate with prey‐specific predator threat. Ambush predators, in contrast with active predators, may face selection pressure to be cryptic to avoid detection by prey. Thus, ambush predators may change prey density through consumptive effects but have reduced or absent predation‐risk effects. We performed two mesocosm experiments with free‐roaming and caged predators to explore post‐colonization interactions of the chemically camouflaged, large‐gaped, ambush predator, pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus), active, large‐gaped green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and active, small‐gaped golden topminnow (Fundulus chrysotus), with larval gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) and mole salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum). We examined the consumptive and predation‐risk effects of each predator on amphibian mortality, growth rates, tail morphology, and polyphenisms. Large‐gaped pirate perch and green sunfish had strong, equivalent consumptive effects, but only the free‐roaming active predator, green sunfish, suppressed the growth of survivors through risk‐induced trait responses. Caged green sunfish induced much stronger non‐consumptive mortality than pirate perch in gray treefrogs, an effect that was absent for mole salamanders; golden topminnows had intermediate effects. Tail defenses were a function of prey mortality and only manifested in free‐roaming predator treatments, suggesting the necessity of predator attacks or conspecific alarm signals. Likewise, mole salamander polyphenism was unaffected by caged predators, whereas free‐roaming green sunfish prevented all metamorphosis. Free‐roaming golden topminnows increased the proportion of individuals remaining as larvae, and pirate perch increased the proportion of paedomorphs and metamorphs. Overall, the prey had positively correlated anti‐predator responses across life stages, suggesting multicomponent defenses. Predator effects varied with functional traits with large‐gaped predators having strong consumptive effects, but active predators causing stronger risk‐induced changes in growth compared to cryptic ambush predators, which provides more evidence for chemical camouflage. Our results emphasize the role of hunting mode and gape size in determining consumptive and predation‐risk effects, and that predation‐risk effects cannot be reliably predicted from consumptive effects.
Evaluating the foraging performance of individual honey bees in different environments with automated field RFID systems
Authors: Colin Théotime , Warren Ryan J. , Quarrell Stephen R. , Allen Geoff R. , Barron Andrew B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeasuring individual foraging performance of pollinators is crucial to guide environmental policies that aim at enhancing pollinator health and pollination services. Automated systems have been developed to track the activity of individual honey bees, but their deployment is extremely challenging. This has limited the assessment of individual foraging performance in full‐strength bee colonies in the field. Most studies available to date have been constrained to use downsized bee colonies located in urban and suburban areas. Environmental policy‐making, on the other hand, needs a more comprehensive assessment of honey bee performance in a broader range of environments, including in remote agricultural and wild areas. Here, we detail a new autonomous field method to record high‐quality data on the flight ontogeny and foraging performance of honey bees, using radio frequency identification (RFID). We separate bee traffic into returning and exiting tunnels to improve data quality solving many previous limitations of RFID systems caused by traffic jams and the parasitic coupling of RFID antennae. With this method, we assembled a large RFID dataset made of control bee colonies from experiments conducted in different locations and seasons. We hope our results will be a starting point to understand how ontogenetic and environmental factors affect the individual performance of honey bees and that our method will enable large‐scale replication of individual pollinator performance studies.
Sedimentary DNA of a human‐impacted lake in Western Canada (Cultus Lake) reveals changes in micro‐eukaryotic diversity over the past ~200 years
Authors: Gauthier Joanna , Walsh David , Selbie Daniel T. , Domaizon Isabelle , Gregory‐Eaves Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough the use of genetic analyses of sedimentary DNA to track changes in biodiversity has increased over the last decade, questions remain as to how well DNA captures past ecological conditions. Even less is known about how extracellular and intracellular DNA are archived in lake sediments and whether the two fractions yield similar information. Here we characterized the changes of micro‐eukaryotic communities over the past ~200 years in Cultus Lake (British Columbia, Canada), for which a rich body of limnological data and a pre‐existing multi‐proxy paleolimnological study exist. We generated and analyzed 18S rRNA gene amplicons and found that extracellular and intracellular DNA provided different insights, with the preservation of extracellular DNA compromised in sediments older than ~30 years. Principal Coordinates and indicator species analyses based on intracellular DNA showed that changes in micro‐eukaryotic diversity occurred at similar time periods as those identified with the classical paleolimnological study. For instance, decreases of Opisthokonta amplicons occurred during years with elevated numbers of sockeye salmon spawners, which might be associated with an increase of herbivory by juvenile sockeye salmon. Furthermore, two diatom species identified morphologically exhibited similar temporal dynamics to two diatom taxa identified genetically, suggesting that sedimentary DNA can track past diatom species changes as well as micro‐eukaryotic community changes. Overall, our study provides insights into the use of extracellular and intracellular DNA in sedimentary records and showed that sedimentary DNA enriches our understanding of micro‐eukaryotic community changes over centennial time scales.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Halogenation of Anilides with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Jin Lianwen , Zeng Xiaoli , Li Siyang , Qiu Guofu , Liu Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere described a copper‐catalyzed direct chlorination and bromination of anilides in the presence of N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide as oxidant. This protocol shows excellent regioselectivity and mono‐substitution with inexpensive KCl or NaBr as the halogen source and industrially friendly solvent.
A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of Natural Products Containing δ‐Hydroxy‐γ‐ Lactones through a Photoredox ATRA Reaction.
Authors: Fuentes‐Pantoja Francisco J. , Cordero‐Vargas Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA unified strategy for the synthesis of natural products containing δ‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactones as the main core is reported. This strategy is based on a photocatalyzed radical ionic sequence for the preparation of γ‐lactones. Depending on the necessities of the synthetic targets, the reaction conditions can be adjusted to access a diastereoisomeric mixture or a single diasteroisomer of the lactones. Also, δ‐lactones can be prepared by this method. The utility of this procedure was demonstrated by the total synthesis of five natural products.
The Right Recognition of Rights
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Reimagining Human Rights: Religion and the Common Good (Georgetown University Press, 2021), the noted theologian William R. O'Neill has undertaken a task as difficult as it is important in reimagining the theory and practice of human rights and global justice in a world where both are on the wane. The ongoing changes are often too dispersed and evolve too slowly for this reimagining to be undertaken by conventional political and diplomatic means. Learning to speak a new language of human rights requires, as O'Neill insists, social action and the voice of moral protest and storytelling. Moreover, reimagining rights requires new ways of thinking as well as acting and seeks the guidance of critical interpretation and theorizing. This is a book that learns from political liberators as much as from creative thinkers, and one that hears the searing testimony of victims of torture and the hope‐giving theology of memory, neighborliness, and love.
Tools supporting polypharmacy management in Italy: Factors determining digital technologies' intention to use in clinical practice
Authors: Catrini Elisabetta , Ferrario Lucrezia , Mazzone Antonino , Varalli Luca , Gatti Federico , Cannavacciuolo Lorella , Ponsiglione Cristina , Foglia Emanuela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsINTERCheckWEB is one of the most outstanding digital technologies, that could be implemented at the hospital level, supporting the clinicians in the evaluation of the therapy appropriateness, reducing the potentially inappropriate prescriptions, for the improvement of the clinical decision‐making process. The paper aims at investigating the relationship between clinicians' behaviors towards digital decision support system in therapy appropriateness for elderly patients in polytherapy in medical departments, defining the factors that could influence clinicians to use INTERCheckWEB, for supporting drugs' prescription.MethodsA questionnaire was administered to 70 clinicians referring to Internal Medicine wards, of four Italian hospitals. The authors assessed how perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, image, and output quality, would affect INTERCheckWeb intention to use. Inferential statistics, by means of a regression analysis, were conducted to define the main aspects useful to understand the factors impacting on such digital technology adoption in clinical practice.ResultsThe regression analysis reported that image, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, as well as the moderator effect of the voluntary use between the perceived usefulness and the intention to use, are the factors that most influence the use of INTERCheckWEB (adjusted R2 = 0.870).ConclusionsResults demonstrated that clinicians would use INTERCheckWEB, when available, to identify all the information on situations that could be dangerous for the patients, thus limiting the drug–drug interactions, optimizing the overall patient's clinical pathway. Furthermore, the implementation of INTERCheckWEB could also contribute to the proper management of COVID‐19 patients, since both hospitalized and symptomatic COVID‐19 patients are frequently older, with comorbidities.
Longitudinal profile of neutralizing and binding antibodies in vaccinated and convalescent COVID‐19 cohorts by chemiluminescent immunoassays
Authors: Dou Xiaowen , Wang Enyun , Jiang Ruiwei , Li Min , Xiong Dan , Sun Baoqing , Zhang Xiuming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionSurrogate rapid serological assay was urgently demanded for accessibly interpretation of immunity potency and duration of neutralizing antibody against SARS‐CoV‐2. The longitudinal trajectory of antibody profile with a reliable large‐scale assay was crucial to judge the protective immune status, avoid futile therapy and provide insight into the booster vaccination minimizing the risk of COVID‐19.MethodsA total of 195 volunteers were enrolled for a two‐doses procedure (0 and 28 days) of inactive vaccination, as well as ten COVID‐19 convalescents. The serum was collected at six time point and detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay with SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody (Nab), SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (RBD IgG) and RBD total antibody. The diagnostic results and the correlation of antibody level were evaluated among three serological (Nab, RBD IgG, and RBD total antibody) assay, as well as with an authorized cPass kit (Nab). Referred to the assay‐specific threshold, the seroconversion rate and dynamic titer of antibody were exhibited from 0 to 56 days since vaccination.ResultsThere was no difference observed with diagnostic results between neutralizing and RBD IgG antibody (p > 0.05). Both diagnostic results of neutralizing and RBD IgG antibody testing differentiated from RBD total antibody assay (p < 0.05). The coefficient of correlation (R) was above 0.90 among the levels of those three antibodies, more than 0.60 in comparison with neutralizing antibody by cPass enzyme‐linked immunoassay. The “S” varying pattern for various antibodies level was observed with time extension after vaccination. The seroconversion rate was below 11.1% in 2 weeks after the priming dose, while the value climbed to 81% in 1 week after the boosting dose. The seroconversion rate was maintained around 91%. The inactive vaccine elicited 81‐fold higher antibody levels after finished the vaccination schedule than that at the basic point. Besides, the level of neutralizing antibody induced by vaccine was found with a 0.2‐fold ratio by comparison with that in COVID‐19 convalescents.ConclusionThe humoral immune response products including SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing, RBD IgG antibody and total antibody and the varying pattern of the antibody profile could be rapidly detected by CILA method. Meanwhile, the continuing and dynamic determination was attributed to evaluate the protection effect of humoral immunity against the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Greek government‐debt crisis events and European financial markets: News surprises on Greek bond yields and inter‐relations of European financial markets
Authors: Gkillas Konstantinos , Katsiampa Paraskevi , Vortelinos Dimitrios I. , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the impact of Greek government‐debt crisis events on inter‐relations of European financial markets during the European sovereign debt crisis. To this end, we examine the effects of three categories of Greek government‐debt crisis events in the realized correlations and correlation jumps of government bonds, CDS, and stock indices of seven European countries (i.e., France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) via the respective dummy variables and news surprises on 2‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year government bonds and CDS in a non‐parametric framework by employing Tobit regression models. According to the results, the direction of most impacts on correlations and correlation jumps is negative, suggesting that the Greek government‐debt crisis events reduced the homogeneity among member states in the Eurozone. We also investigate the types of Greek government‐debt crisis events that have the highest impacts on correlations and correlation jumps and find that the highest impacts mainly result from news originating from Greek and European sources.
Predictors of mental health difficulties and subjective wellbeing in adolescents: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lereya Suzet Tanya , Patalay Praveetha , Deighton Jessica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMental health and subjective well‐being are of great interest in both health policy and research. There has been considerable debate regarding whether mental health difficulties and subjective wellbeing are two distinct domains or different ends of a single mental health spectrum. This study investigates if predictors of mental health difficulties and subjective wellbeing are the same or different in a large‐scale community‐based sample in the United Kingdom.Methods13,500 adolescents in year 7 (aged 11–12) and again in year 8 (aged 12–13) completed surveys on emotional strengths and skills, support networks, mental health difficulties and wellbeing. Socio‐demographic factors were gathered from the National Pupil Database. Mental health difficulties and wellbeing scores were standardized to allow comparisons.ResultsThe correlation between mental health difficulties and subjective wellbeing was −0.48, indicating a moderate overlap between the two domains. Some of the predictors (e.g., gender, ethnicity, problem solving, emotion regulation) in year 7 predicted both mental health difficulties and subjective wellbeing in year 8. However, some of the predictors in year 7 only predicted mental health difficulties (e.g., special education needs, empathy) and some only subjective wellbeing (e.g., prosocial behaviour, peer support) in year 8.ConclusionThis study provides further evidence for differences in what predicts adolescents’ mental health difficulties and subjective wellbeing. It highlights the importance of not only focusing on preventing or treating symptoms of mental illness but also focusing on improving children’s wellbeing.
Experience and clinical efficacy of gut‐directed hypnotherapy in an Asian population with refractory irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Hasan Syed S , Whorwell Peter J , Vasant Dipesh H 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimRecent studies have highlighted the high worldwide prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and disparities in its management between ethnic groups. For instance, gut‐directed hypnotherapy (GDH), one of the most effective evidence‐based treatments for IBS, is not recommended in Asian countries partly due to lack of population‐specific outcome data. In this context, we evaluated the outcomes of GDH in an Asian population.MethodsConsecutive British Asian patients with refractory IBS who received 12‐sessions of GDH using the Manchester protocol were included. Patients were treated by a team including a therapist able to speak several Asian languages. All patients prospectively completed the following questionnaires before and after GDH: IBS symptom severity score (IBS‐SSS), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), non‐colonic symptom score, and the quality‐of‐life (QOL) score. The primary outcome measure was response to GDH defined by ≥50‐point reduction in IBS‐SSS. Pre‐ and post‐treatment data were compared statistically.ResultsForty‐four Asian patients with IBS (age 49 ± 13 years; 29 [66%] female; baseline IBS‐SSS: 332.8 ± 94.6) completed GDH. Overall, 37 of 44 (84%) achieved a ≥50‐point reduction in IBS‐SSS and 25 of 44 (57%) achieved ≥30% reduction in abdominal pain scores. Following GDH, there were also significant mean improvements in IBS‐SSS (−132.1,P < 0.0001), non‐colonic symptom score (P < 0.0001), QOL score (P < 0.0001), HADS‐anxiety (P < 0.0001), and HADS‐depression (P < 0.0001), compared with baseline.ConclusionRegardless of the ethnicity of the therapist, GDH was highly effective with similar response rates to outcomes in other IBS populations, supporting the development of GDH in Asian countries.
Characterization of m6A modifications in the contemporary Zika virus genome and host cellular transcripts
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Kai , Xu Yan‐Peng , Zhu Zhu , Zhao Hui , Li Xiao‐Feng , Ye Qing , Yi Chengqi , Qin Cheng‐Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) suddenly evolved from a neglected arthropod‐borne flavivirus into a pandemic pathogen during 2015–2016. A panel of amino acid mutations has been shown to be responsible for the enhanced neurovirulence and transmissibility of ZIKV. Recent studies have demonstrated that ZIKV genomic RNA is modified by host N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) machinery during viral replication in host cells, and the m6A profiles vary among different isolates and different host cells. In the present study, using a contemporary Asian ZIKV strain isolated in 2019 (SZ1901) as a model, we profiled m6A modifications on both the viral genome RNA and cellular transcripts from the ZIKV‐infected human hepatocarcinoma cell line Huh7. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) identified a unique m6A map in the genome of ZIKV strain SZ1901 that is different from all previous isolates. Meanwhile, ZIKV infection induced m6A upregulation in the CDS regions but downregulation in the 3′ untranslated region of host RNA transcripts. The m6A peak intensity in the majority of host genes was downregulated, including ISG‐related genes. Overall, our study describes unique viral and host m6A profiles in contemporary ZIKV‐infected Huh7 cells, highlighting the complexity and importance of m6A modification during viral infection.