bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fit Transitioning: When Can Transgender Airmen Fitness Test in Their Affirmed Gender?
Authors: Chiccarelli Elvira , Aden Jay , Ahrendt Dale , Smalley Joshua 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Transgender individuals have served openly in the U.S. Military since 2016. Official policies for transgender servicemembers continue to evolve, including approaches to physical fitness testing of transgender servicemembers. There is a paucity of scientific data regarding the effects of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on athletic performance for the past 24 months of treatment. Identification of expected trends in performance during and after gender transition is essential to allow for the development of appropriate military policy regarding when to assess servicemembers’ fitness by standards of their affirmed gender.

Materials and Methods
We identified Department of the Air Force transgender patients using the Transgender Health Medical Evaluation Unit database and recorded dates of GAHT initiation through a retrospective chart review. We recorded performance values for the Air Force physical fitness test components 1 year before and up to 4 years after GAHT initiation. Performance measures were maximum sit-ups in 1 minute, push-ups in 1 minute, and 1.5-mile run time. Pre- and post-GAHT scores were compared using one-sample T-test to mean scores of Air Force-wide cisgender averages to assess for significant difference between affirmed transgender and cisgender airmen. We then performed the two one-sided test (TOST) procedure for equivalence with upper and lower bounds set at 1 SD from the means for cisgender airmen. Finally, using Z-scores, average transgender group scores were assigned a percentile rank with their respect to affirmed gender throughout the transition process.

Results
Following initiation of GAHT, transgender males demonstrated statistically significant worse performance than cisgender males in all events until 3 years of GAHT. Their average scores would have attained a comfortable passing score within 1 year of GAHT. Transgender females’ performance showed statistically significantly better performance than cisgender females until 2 years of GAHT in run times and 4 years in sit-up scores and remained superior in push-ups at the study’s 4-year endpoint. TOST confirmed equivalence at all points where statistical difference was not demonstrated. Servicemembers approximate their pre-GAHT assigned gender percentile ranking in their affirmed gender in a manner consistent with hypothesis and TOST testing in the push-up event for both transgender males and females and in the 1.5-mile run event for transgender males.

Conclusions
In a sample of Air Force adult transgender patients, athletic performance measures demonstrate variable rates of change depending on the patients’ affirmed gender and differ by physical fitness test component. Based on this study, transgender females should begin to be assessed by the female standard no later than 2 years after starting GAHT, while transgender males could be assessed by their affirmed standard no earlier than 3 years after initiating GAHT.
Bayesian evidence comparison for distance scale estimates
Authors: Paranjape Aseem , Sheth Ravi K 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Constraints on cosmological parameters are often distilled from sky surveys by fitting templates to summary statistics of the data that are motivated by a fiducial cosmological model. However, recent work has shown how to estimate the distance scale using templates that are more generic: the basis functions used are not explicitly tied to any one cosmological model. We describe a Bayesian framework for (i) determining how many basis functions to use and (ii) comparing one basis set with another. Our formulation provides intuition into how (a) one’s degree of belief in different basis sets, (b) the fact that the choice of priors depends on basis set, and (c) the data set itself, together determine the derived constraints. We illustrate our framework using measurements in simulated data sets before applying it to real data.
Numerical simulations of two-fluid magnetoacoustic waves in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Kraśkiewicz J , Murawski K , Musielak Z E 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We study vertical variations of wave periods of magnetoacoustic two-fluid waves in the partially ionized lower solar atmosphere, consisting of ion (proton) + electron and neutral (atomic hydrogen) fluids, which are coupled by ion–neutral collisions. The study allows finding the wave period cut-offs and their variations in the solar atmosphere, as well as establishing the role of these cut-offs in determining the wave propagation conditions. The atmosphere is permitted by a uniform vertical magnetic field. We perform numerical simulations in the framework of a one-dimensional (1D), two-fluid model in which plane waves are exited by a harmonic driver in the vertical ion and neutral velocities, operating at the bottom of the solar photosphere. We observe excitation of waves with cut-off wave periods in addition to waves set directly by the driver. We also see that some waves exited by that driver can reach the solar corona. Despite of its limitations such as the lack of non-adiabatic and non-ideal terms and a simple 1D structure, the developed two-fluid model of the solar atmosphere sheds a new light on the role of cut-offs in setting up the wave propagation conditions in the solar atmosphere and finding periods of waves that may carry their energy from the solar surface to the corona.
The effect of gravitational lensing on fast transient event rates
Authors: Sammons Mawson W , James C W , Trott C M , Walker M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Fast cosmological transients such as fast radio bursts (FRBs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) represent a class of sources more compact than any other cosmological object. As such, they are sensitive to significant magnification via gravitational lensing from a class of lenses which are not well constrained by observations today. Low-mass primordial black holes are one such candidate which may constitute a significant fraction of the Universe’s dark matter. Current observations only constrain their density in the nearby Universe, giving fast transients from cosmological distances the potential to form complementary constraints. Motivated by this, we calculate the effect that gravitational lensing from a cosmological distribution of compact objects would have on the observed rates of FRBs and GRBs. For static lensing geometries, we rule out the prospect that all FRBs are gravitationally lensed for a range of lens masses and show that lens masses greater than 10−5M⊙ can be constrained with 8000 unlocalized high-fluence FRBs at 1.4GHz, as might be detected by the next generation of FRB-finding telescopes.
Peeking beneath the precision floor – I. Metallicity spreads and multiple elemental dispersions in the globular clusters NGC 288 and NGC 362
Authors: Monty Stephanie , Yong David , Marino Anna F , Karakas Amanda I , McKenzie Madeleine , Grundahl Frank , Mura-Guzmán Aldo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The view of globular clusters (GCs) as simple systems continues to unravel, revealing complex objects hosting multiple chemical peculiarities. Using differential abundance analysis, we probe the chemistry of the Type I GC, NGC 288 and the Type II GC, NGC 362 at the 2 per cent level for the first time. We measure 20 elements and find differential measurement uncertainties of the order of 0.01–0.02 dex in both clusters. The smallest uncertainties are measured for Fe i in both clusters, with an average uncertainty of ∼0.013 dex. Dispersion in the abundances of Na, Al, Ti i, Ni, Fe i, Y, Zr, Ba, and Nd are recovered in NGC 288, none of which can be explained by a spread in He. This is the first time, to our knowledge, a statistically significant spread in s-process elements and a potential spread in metallicity has been detected in NGC 288. In NGC 362, we find significant dispersion in the same elements as NGC 288, with the addition of Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, La, Ce, and Eu. Two distinct groups are recovered in NGC 362, separated by 0.3 dex in average differential s-process abundances. Given strong correlations between Al and several s-process elements, and a significant correlation between Mg and Si, we propose that the s-process rich group is younger. This agrees with asymptotic giant branch star (AGB) enrichment between generations, if there is overlap between low- and intermediate-mass AGBs. In our scenario, the older population is dominated by the r-process with a ΔLa–ΔEu ratio of −0.16 ± 0.06. We propose that the r-process dominance and dispersion found in NGC 362 are primordial.
Radiation pressure-driven outflows from dusty AGN
Authors: Arakawa N , Fabian A C , Ferland G J , Ishibashi W 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Radiation pressure-driven outflows from luminous accreting supermassive black holes are an important part of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The effective Eddington limit, based on absorption of radiation by dust, not electron scattering, is revealed in the plane of AGN absorption column density NH as a function of Eddington fraction λEdd = Lbol/LEdd, where a lack of objects is seen in the region where the effective limit is exceeded. Here, we conduct radiation simulation using the cloudy code to deduce the radiative force applied on to dusty gas at the nucleus and compare to the gravitational force to reveal the outflow region and its boundary with long-lived absorption clouds. We also investigate how the outflow condition is affected by various AGN and dust properties and distribution. As expected, the dust abundance has the largest effect on the NH–λEdd diagram since the higher the abundance, the more effective the radiative feedback, while the impact of the inner radius of the dusty gas shell, the shell width, and the AGN spectral shape are relatively negligible. The presence of other central masses, such as a nuclear star cluster, can also make the feedback less effective. The AGN spectral energy distribution depends on the mass of the black hole and its spin. Though the effects of the AGN spectral energy distribution on the diagram are relatively small, the fraction of ionizing ultraviolet photons from the blackbody accretion disc is affected more by black hole mass than spin, and can influence the efficiency of radiation pressure.
UFCG: database of universal fungal core genes and pipeline for genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of fungi
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Gilchrist Cameron L M , Chun Jongsik , Steinegger Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn phylogenomics the evolutionary relationship of organisms is studied by their genomic information. A common approach to phylogenomics is to extract related genes from each organism, build a multiple sequence alignment and then reconstruct evolution relations through a phylogenetic tree. Often a set of highly conserved genes occurring in single-copy, called core genes, are used for this analysis, as they allow efficient automation within a taxonomic clade. Here we introduce the Universal Fungal Core Genes (UFCG) database and pipeline for genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of fungi. The UFCG database consists of 61 curated fungal marker genes, including a novel set of 41 computationally derived core genes and 20 canonical genes derived from literature, as well as marker gene sequences extracted from publicly available fungal genomes. Furthermore, we provide an easy-to-use, fully automated and open-source pipeline for marker gene extraction, training and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The UFCG pipeline can identify marker genes from genomic, proteomic and transcriptomic data, while producing phylogenies consistent with those previously reported, and is publicly available together with the UFCG database at https://ufcg.steineggerlab.com.
Profiling the intragenic toxicity determinants of toxin–antitoxin systems: revisiting hok/Sok regulation
Authors: Le Rhun Anaïs , Tourasse Nicolas J , Bonabal Simon , Iost Isabelle , Boissier Fanny , Darfeuille Fabien 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Type I toxin–antitoxin systems (T1TAs) are extremely potent bacterial killing systems difficult to characterize using classical approaches. To assess the killing capability of type I toxins and to identify mutations suppressing the toxin expression or activity, we previously developed the FASTBAC-Seq (Functional AnalysiS of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in BACteria by Deep Sequencing) method in Helicobacter pylori. This method combines a life and death selection with deep sequencing. Here, we adapted and improved our method to investigate T1TAs in the model organism Escherichia coli. As a proof of concept, we revisited the regulation of the plasmidic hok/Sok T1TA system. We revealed the death-inducing phenotype of the Hok toxin when it is expressed from the chromosome in the absence of the antitoxin and recovered previously described intragenic toxicity determinants of this system. We identified nucleotides that are essential for the transcription, translation or activity of Hok. We also discovered single-nucleotide substitutions leading to structural changes affecting either the translation or the stability of the hok mRNA. Overall, we provide the community with an easy-to-use approach to widely characterize TA systems from diverse types and bacteria.
Germline polymorphisms in MGMT associated with temozolomide-related myelotoxicity risk in patients with glioblastoma treated on NRG Oncology/RTOG 0825
Authors: Scheurer Michael E , Zhou Renke , Gilbert Mark R , Bondy Melissa L , Sulman Erik P , Yuan Ying , Liu Yanhong , Vera Elizabeth , Wendland Merideth M , Youssef Emad F , Stieber Volker W , Komaki Ritsuko R , Flickinger John C , Kenyon Lawrence C , Robins H Ian , Hunter Grant K , Crocker Ian R , Chao Samuel T , Pugh Stephanie L , Armstrong Terri S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
We sought to identify clinical and genetic predictors of temozolomide-related myelotoxicity among patients receiving therapy for glioblastoma.

Methods
Patients (n = 591) receiving therapy on NRG Oncology/RTOG 0825 were included in the analysis. Cases were patients with severe myelotoxicity (grade 3 and higher leukopenia, neutropenia, and/or thrombocytopenia); controls were patients without such toxicity. A risk-prediction model was built and cross-validated by logistic regression using only clinical variables and extended using polymorphisms associated with myelotoxicity.

Results
23% of patients developed myelotoxicity (n = 134). This toxicity was first reported during the concurrent phase of therapy for 56 patients; 30 stopped treatment due to toxicity. Among those who continued therapy (n = 26), 11 experienced myelotoxicity again. The final multivariable clinical factor model included treatment arm, gender, and anticonvulsant status and had low prediction accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.672). The final extended risk prediction model including four polymorphisms in MGMT had better prediction (AUC = 0.827). Receiving combination chemotherapy (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.02–3.27) and being female (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 2.45–8.08) significantly increased myelotoxicity risk. For each additional minor allele in the polymorphisms, the risk increased by 64% (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.43–1.89).

Conclusions
Myelotoxicity during concurrent chemoradiation with temozolomide is an uncommon but serious event, often leading to treatment cessation. Successful prediction of toxicity may lead to more cost-effective individualized monitoring of at-risk subjects. The addition of genetic factors greatly enhanced our ability to predict toxicity among a group of similarly treated glioblastoma patients.
Experimental quantum secure network with digital signatures and encryption
Authors: Yin Hua-Lei , Fu Yao , Li Chen-Long , Weng Chen-Xun , Li Bing-Hong , Gu Jie , Lu Yu-Shuo , Huang Shan , Chen Zeng-Bing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cryptography promises four information security objectives, namely, confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation, to support trillions of transactions annually in the digital economy. Efficient digital signatures, ensuring integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation of data with information-theoretical security are highly urgent and intractable open problems in cryptography. Here, we propose a high-efficiency quantum digital signature (QDS) protocol using asymmetric quantum keys acquired via secret sharing, one-time universal2 hashing and a one-time pad. We just need to use a 384-bit key to sign documents of lengths up to 264 with a security bound of 10−19. If a one-megabit document is signed, the signature efficiency is improved by more than 108 times compared with previous QDS protocols. Furthermore, we build the first all-in-one quantum secure network integrating information-theoretically secure communication, digital signatures, secret sharing and conference key agreement and experimentally demonstrate this signature efficiency advantage. Our work completes the cryptography toolbox of the four information security objectives.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Loads in the Nasal Mucosa of Patients Infected With BA.1, BA.2, or BA.5 Omicron Lineages
Authors: Tozer Kyla , Sjaarda Calvin P , Moslinger Emily , Wong Henry , Mubareka Samira , Maguire Finlay , Fattouh Ramzi , Brabant-Kirwan Danielle , Kozak Robert , Sheth Prameet M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lower viral loads were observed in the upper respiratory tract of patients infected with BA.1, whereas patients infected with BA.2 and BA.5 had comparable viral loads to those seen with Alpha or Delta. This suggests that viral loads are likely not responsible for the increased transmission of the Omicron lineages.
Maintenance of abiotic stress memory in plants: Lessons learned from heat acclimation
Authors: Charng Yee-yung , Mitra Suma , Yu Shih-Jiun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlants acquire enhanced tolerance to intermittent abiotic stress by employing information obtained during prior exposure to an environmental disturbance, a process known as acclimation or defense priming. The capacity for stress memory is a critical feature in this process. The number of reports related to plant stress memory (PSM) has recently increased, but few studies have focused on the mechanisms that maintain PSM. Identifying the components involved in maintaining PSM is difficult due in part to the lack of clear criteria to recognize these components. In this review, based on what has been learned from genetic studies on heat acclimation memory, we propose criteria for identifying components of the regulatory networks that maintain PSM. We provide examples of the regulatory circuits formed by effectors and regulators of PSM. We also highlight strategies for assessing PSMs, update the progress in understanding the mechanisms of PSM maintenance, and provide perspectives for the further development of this exciting research field.
Low-acidityALUMINUM-DEPENDENT MALATE TRANSPORTER4genotype determines malate content in cultivated jujube
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Geng Yanqiu , Liu Hanxiao , Wu Mengjia , Bi Jingxin , Wang Zhongtang , Dong Xiaochang , Li Xingang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), the most economically important fruit tree in Rhamnaceae, was domesticated from sour jujube (Z. jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow.). During domestication, fruit sweetness increased and acidity decreased. Reduction in organic acid content is crucial for the increase in sweetness of jujube fruit. In this study, the determination of malate content among 46 sour jujube and 35 cultivated jujube accessions revealed that malate content varied widely in sour jujube (0.90–13.31 mg g−1) but to a lesser extent in cultivated jujube (0.33–2.81 mg g−1). Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the expression level of Aluminum-Dependent Malate Transporter 4 (ZjALMT4) was substantially higher in sour jujube than in jujube. Correlation analysis of mRNA abundance and fruit malate content and transient gene overexpression showed that ZjALMT4 participates in malate accumulation. Further sequencing analyses revealed that three genotypes of the W-box in the promoter of ZjALMT4 in sour jujube associated with malate content were detected, and the genotype associated with low malate content was fixed in jujube. Yeast one-hybrid screening showed that ZjWRKY7 binds to the W-box region of the high-acidity genotype in sour jujube, whereas the binding ability was weakened in jujube. Transient dual-luciferase and overexpression analyses showed that ZjWRKY7 directly binds to the promoter of ZjALMT4, activating its transcription, and thereby promoting malate accumulation. These findings provide insights into the mechanism by which ZjALMT4 modulates malate accumulation in sour jujube and jujube. The results are of theoretical and practical importance for the exploitation and domestication of germplasm resources.
Cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase is essential for microsporogenesis and embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Hung-Chi , Chen Hsiu-Chen , Huang Tzu-Hsiang , Lue Wei-Ling , Chen Jychian , Suen Der-Fen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, which impacts cell carbon metabolic flow. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains two nuclear PGI genes respectively encoding plastidial PGI1 and cytosolic PGI (cPGI). The loss of PGI1 impairs the conversion of F6P of the Calvin–Benson cycle to G6P for the synthesis of transitory starch in leaf chloroplasts. Since cpgi knockout mutants have not yet been obtained, they are thought to be lethal. The cpgi lethality can be rescued by expressing CaMV 35S promoter (p35S)-driven cPGI; however, the complemented line is completely sterile due to pollen degeneration. Here, we generated a cpgi mutant expressing p35S::cPGI-YFP in which YFP fluorescence in developing anthers was undetectable specifically in the tapetum and in pollen, which could be associated with male sterility. We also generated RNAi-cPGI knockdown lines with strong cPGI repression in floral buds that exhibited reduced male fertility due to the degeneration of most pollen. Histological analyses indicated that the synthesis of intersporal callose walls was impaired, causing microsporocytes to fail to separate haploid daughter nuclei to form tetrads, which might be responsible for subsequent pollen degeneration. We successfully isolated cpgi knockout mutants in the progeny of a heterozygous cpgi mutant floral-dipped with sugar solutions. The rescued cpgi mutants exhibited diminished young vegetative growth, reduced female fertility, and impaired intersporal callose wall formation in a meiocyte, and, thus, male sterility. Collectively, our data suggest that cPGI plays a vital role in carbohydrate partitioning, which is indispensable for microsporogenesis and early embryogenesis.