bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional dissection of three pollen‐side quantitative trait loci against multiple stylar unilateral incompatibility mechanisms in Solanum pennelliiLA0716
Authors: Ma Wenchun , Li Yumei , Gao Haoran , Ma Yi , Zhu Zhe , Wu Xuna , Baldwin Ian T. , Guo Han 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In Solanum pennellii LA0716, three stylar UI (sui) factors and one pollen UI (pui) factor were shown to be involved in S‐RNase‐independent unilateral incompatibility (UI). However, additional pui factor(s) and the antagonistic relationships among pui and sui factors remain to be investigated.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, functional and genetic analysis of LA0716‐based crosses, and integrated multi‐omics data are used to identify pui QTLs and functionally dissect pui QTLs from various types of stylar UI.
In addition to the reported pui10.1 (SpFPS2), two pui QTLs (pui6.2 and pui12.1) were identified. In LA0716 styles, the three pui loci additively attenuate stylar UI, among which pui6.2 and pui12.1 appear to antagonize the sui factor, SpHT, via independent mechanisms. Furthermore, pui12.1′s function was found to be conserved in the SC styles of Solanum habrochaites LA0407 and Solanum chmielewskii LA1028. Candidate genes linked to pui6.2 and pui12.1 are identified for further analysis.
This study reveals several mechanisms for three newly described types of stylar UI and the corresponding pui QTLs in LA0716, which advance our understanding of the complex genetic mechanisms underlying UI in the tomato clade.
Polish Version of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ): Translation, Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Motyl Sylwia , Gibas‐Stanek Marta , Stós Wojciech , Fudalej Piotr S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo translate the malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ) into Polish, adapt it for Polish cultural conditions, and validate its usage.Subjects and MethodsThe original MIQ was translated into Polish following a seven‐stage cross‐cultural adaptation protocol. A total of 121 orthodontic patients participated in the study: 21 in the translation and cultural adaptation phase (5 males, 13.4 ± 1.5 years; 16 females, 13.6 ± 1.9 years) and 100 in the validation phase (53 males, 13.1 ± 1.6 years; 47 females, 12.9 ± 1.7 years). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the one‐dimensional structure of the MIQ_PL. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test–retest reliability, whereas construct validity was evaluated by comparing MIQ_PL scores with responses to global questions 1 and 2 from the MIQ_PL questionnaire and the aesthetic component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN‐AC).ResultsThe MIQ_PL was generally well understood by the test group and required only minor adjustments, indicating it is well adapted to the Polish cultural context. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.68, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.75, indicating adequate reliability. Many questionnaire items had a high floor effect. The correlation coefficients between global questions 1 and 2 and the MIQ_PL scores were 0.269 and 0.407, respectively, whereas the correlation between the IOTN‐AC and MIQ_PL was 0.235.ConclusionsThe MIQ_PL is culturally adapted for Polish conditions but demonstrates lower than expected reliability and internal consistency. Further validation in non‐clinical settings with a more diverse sample is recommended.
A combination of salt stress and waterlogging provides protection to tomato plants against the negative effects of waterlogging individually applied
Authors: Anee Taufika Islam , Rachman Rido Ramadano , Ziqi Zhao , Suzuki Nobuhiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSalt stress and waterlogging are two of the most common abiotic stresses in nature, often occurring concurrently. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying responses of plants to a combination of these stresses remains limited. In this study, we investigated growth, physiological and biochemical responses of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro‐Tom to salt stress, waterlogging and the combination of both. Under waterlogging individually, plants showed increased plant height and longer root length. However, they exhibited a significantly smaller leaf area, fewer leaves, reduced fresh and dry weights, and lower relative water content compared to plants grown under controlled conditions. These effects were more severe than those caused by salt stress alone. Interestingly, the growth inhibition from waterlogging was alleviated under combined salt and waterlogging stress. This attenuation may be associated with decreased accumulation of H₂O₂ and oxidized lipids, along with increased proline and photosynthetic pigment contents compared with waterlogging individually applied. However, ROS accumulations and contents of photosynthetic pigments were not straightforwardly linked to the activity of photosynthesis. In addition, activities of various antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPX and GST as well as those involved in the AsA‐GSH cycle were differently altered by salt stress and waterlogging, individually and in combination. Taken together, these results suggest that the response of tomato plants to salt stress and waterlogging, individually and in combination, can be differently modulated via fine‐tuning of acclimation mechanisms to oxidative stress.
Mechanoimmunology of T‐Cell Activation
Authors: Wu Xuelan , Ye Zhiyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTT‐cell activation, a pivotal process in the adaptive immune response, is initiated when the T cell receptor (TCR) recognises and binds to antigenic peptide‐major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules on the cell membrane. Emerging evidence indicates that mechanical cues regulate T‐cell activation by modulating TCR signalling and mechanotransduction pathways, although the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This review highlights recent findings suggesting that the TCR functions as a mechanosensor, capable of sensing and transmitting mechanical forces through conformational changes. Key steps in T‐cell mechanotransduction are discussed, including the roles of the cytoskeleton, mechanosensitive channels such as Piezo 1 and microvilli in facilitating activation. Additionally, we analyse the mechanical responses of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Understanding the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying T‐cell activation offers novel insights and potential strategies for advancing immunotherapies and treating immune‐related disorders.
Enhancing Logit Modeling With GIS Integration for Advanced Spatial Analysis: A Case Study of Multimodal Transport Preferences Between Istanbul and Ankara
Authors: Adalıoğlu İsmail , Ergün Murat 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes an integrated approach that enhances traditional logit modeling by dynamically incorporating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for more advanced spatial analysis. Conventional logit models often overlook spatial factors in decision making, but this approach incorporates spatial data to provide a deeper understanding of how geography influences choices. By using GIS in the postmodeling phase, spatial utility functions are calculated to visualize and analyze decision patterns across regions. A case study on multimodal public transportation preferences between Istanbul and Ankara, using survey data from 2757 participants, validates this approach. The results reveal distinct spatial patterns, with private vehicle users favoring airports due to better connectivity and public transport users preferring bus terminals. These findings emphasize the strategic importance of transportation hubs and the influence of spatial accessibility on user preferences. This GIS‐logit integration offers significant implications for transportation planning and policy, providing a scalable framework for analyzing spatially influenced decisions in various fields.
Theories of Social Welfare Functions: A Semantical Approach
Authors: Miroiu Adrian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe paper develops a semantical approach to the theories of social welfare functions (SWFs). On this approach, to present a theory is to give a (structured) family of models, that is, of possible applications of the theory. The structuralist approach in the philosophy of science is applied to the example of the theory of the simple majority rule. This theory is reconstructed in two versions, as a structured set of appropriately defined models. The adequacy of the two reconstructions is proved. An important implication of the reconstructions is that the collective preference is characterised, in structuralist terms, as a theoretical concept of the theory.
Transfusion quantities associated with 24‐h mortality in trauma patients
Authors: Wallace Mary L. , Kingrey Ryan A. , Rizzo Julie A. , April Michael D. , Fisher Andrew D. , Braverman Maxwell A. , Yazer Mark H. , Schauer Steven G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionData on the correlation between transfusion volumes and trauma mortality are limited. The association between the total number of red blood cell (RBC) and low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) units, as well as the total volume of all transfused products that were administered up to 4‐h after admission and 24‐h mortality was determined.MethodsThe Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) datasets from 2020 to 2022 were reviewed to identify patients aged ≥15 who received any volume of blood products. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were constructed along with the calculated area under the ROC curve (AUROC) to determine the association between the quantity of transfusion and 24‐h mortality.ResultsThere were 144,379 encounters that met inclusion, with 22,467 patients who died within the first 24 h. There was a 90% probability of 24‐h mortality following the transfusion of 56 RBC/LTOWB units (AUROC 0.673), with the 90% specificity, Youden's index, and 90% sensitivity surrounding this probability occurring after the transfusion of 8, 4, and 2 units, respectively. In terms of the volume of transfusion, there was a 90% probability of 24‐h mortality following the transfusion of 36,000 mL of all blood products combined (AUROC 0.662), with the 90% specificity, Youden's index, and 90% sensitivity surrounding this probability occurring after the transfusion of 4400, 2000, and 500 mL, respectively.ConclusionsBoth the total number of RBC and LTOWB units transfused and the total volume of all blood products transfused demonstrated poor predictive association with the risk of 24‐h mortality in the civilian trauma population.
Biomechanical analysis of orthogonal and unilateral locking plate constructs in a fracture gap model
Authors: Welsh Peter J. , Nylund Adam M. , Gilbert Peter J. , Smith Nick A. , Smith Lloyd V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo compare unilaterally plated (UP) constructs and orthogonally plated (OP) constructs of differing sizes (3.5 mm + 2.0 mm locking plates [OP2.0], 3.5 mm + 2.4 mm locking plates [OP2.4] and 3.5 mm + 3.0 mm locking plates [OP3.0]) under cyclic and static axial compression load to failure testing using a fracture gap model.Study designIn vitro experimental biomechanical study.Sample populationAcetal homopolymer (Delrin) rods stabilized with locking plates and screws (Arthrex OrthoLine).MethodsOne of four stabilization techniques (UP, OP2.0, OP2.4, OP3.0) was applied to rods with a fixed fracture gap. Constructs were fatigue tested under axial compression (90,000 cycles; 4–196 N) followed by static load to failure. Cyclic displacement was evaluated after the first, middle, and last 100 cycles. Stiffness and strength were analyzed during static axial compression load to failure.ResultsDuring cyclic testing, UP experienced 3.5, 3.8, and 4.1 times the gap strain of OP2.0, OP2.4, and OP3.0, respectively (p < 0.0075). Fatigue and construct design had significant effects on displacement (p < .0001). OP2.0, OP2.4, and OP3.0 demonstrated 2.5, 3.0, and 4.1 times the strength and 3.0, 3.6, and 4.2 times the stiffness of UP, respectively (p < .0002).ConclusionIn the present in vitro fracture gap model, OP constructs were stronger and stiffer than UP under dynamic and static axial compression, and OP stiffness increased with increasing implant size.Clinical significanceThe results of this study demonstrate objective biomechanical advantages of OP compared to UP. Based on these results, orthogonal plating can be considered when increased fixation strength and stiffness are warranted.
Recent advances in structural characterization of volume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs)
Authors: Karakas Erkan , Strange Kevin , Denton Jerod S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVolume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs) encoded by the LRRC8 gene family play essential roles in diverse and fundamentally important physiological processes in vertebrate cells. The recent determination of high‐resolution cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structures of homomeric and heteromeric LRRC8 channel complexes has created unprecedented opportunities for understanding the molecular basis of VRAC structure, function and pharmacology. Native LRRC8 channels are obligatory heteromers composed of at least one LRRC8A subunit together with one of the other paralogues (LRRC8B‐E) with an unknown stoichiometry. This heteromeric nature of endogenously expressed VRACs and the difficulties associated with controlling the composition and stoichiometry of heterologously expressed LRRC8 channels present considerable experimental challenges. The development of LRRC8 chimeras, which exhibit normal functional and regulatory properties and that can be expressed as homomeric channels, circumvents many of these challenges. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the structural characterization of LRRC8 channels, with a primary focus on the cryo‐EM structures of one such chimera, created by swapping 25 residues from LRRC8A subunits to LRRC8C subunits and termed as 8C‐8A(IL125).
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Glycerol metabolism is activated in both palmitic acid‐stimulated and adipose tissue macrophages from a murine model of cardiometabolic heart failure
Authors: Luévano‐Martínez Luis Alberto , Méndez‐Fernández Abraham , Rueda‐Munguía Mayte , Bonilla‐Ruelas Diana , Brunck Marion E.G. , García‐Rivas Gerardo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMacrophages chronically exposed to saturated fatty acids, such as those encountered in adipose tissue, present a pro‐inflammatory phenotype with a characteristic foamy morphology. This feature is caused by the excess uptake of circulating lipids, yielding large cytoplasmic lipid bodies formed by triacylglycerols and cholesteryl derivatives. Palmitic acid (PA) is a potent inflammatory inducer in macrophages after chronic exposure to this fatty acid. However, acute exposure to this fatty acid is unable to activate a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, although it is sufficient to induce metabolic reprogramming including the formation of small lipid bodies. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of human monocyte‐derived macrophages to unravel the early stages of metabolic reprogramming observed in macrophages exposed to PA. We observed that partial inhibition of the glycerol 3‐phosphate shuttle is necessary for supplying glycerol 3‐phosphate for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we characterized an alternative pathway to increase the concentration of glycerol 3‐phosphate involving an aquaporin and glycerol kinase. Our results suggested that early lipid bodies biogenesis rises as a response mechanism to buffer excessive PA without inducing a pro‐inflammatory program. Additionally, we observed that macrophages chronically exposed to PA eventually upregulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, our in vitro observations were confirmed in adipose tissue macrophages derived from a preclinical mouse model of cardiometabolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction characterized by heightened adiposity and inflammation.
imageKey points
The glycerol 3‐phosphate shuttle is partially inhibited in palmitic acid‐activated macrophages.
Aquaporin 3 expression is upregulated in macrophages exposed to palmitic acid and in adipose tissue macrophages from a murine model of cardiometabolic heart failure.
Aquaporin 3 participates in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols by supplying extracellular glycerol.
School Factors Associated With Physical Activity Participation in Children and Adolescents With Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Deng Yuyang , Li Xuecheng , Huang Jiafu , Liang Xiao , Sit Cindy H.P. , Li Chunxiao 
Published: February 2025

This systematic review synthesizes quantitative evidence on school factors associated with physical activity (PA) participation in children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD). A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases, and studies were included if they quantitatively measured PA levels and examined school factors associated with PA participation among CAD. Methodological quality was assessed, and a semiquantitative synthesis was performed. Twenty-four studies with good to excellent methodological quality were included. Five primary and 21 secondary school factors linked to PA engagement in CAD were identified: school time structure, school PA characteristics, school physical environment, school social environment, and school organizational factors. Among these, four factors of the school time structure (i.e., physical education time, recess time, lunch time, and before- and/or after-school time) showed the most consistent positive associations with PA. This review highlights the critical role of structured school time for school-based PA promotion in CAD.
Validity and Sensitivity of a Submaximal Fitness Test for Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Response to Preseason Training Load in Female Football Players
Authors: MacKenzie Lachlan , Lovell Ric , Atkinson Lana , Naumovski Daniel , Shushan Tzlil 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the within-athlete sensitivity, validity, and dose–response relationships of exercise heart rate (HRex) from a submaximal fitness test (SMFT) as a proxy measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: This study follows an observational, repeated-measures design. Twenty-five trained female football players’ training loads (GPS and HR metrics) were collected throughout an 8-week preseason period. A 4-minute continuous-fixed SMFT protocol was administered weekly to evaluate HRex. A running time-trial assessment was conducted in weeks 2 and 8 to calculate mean velocity (5-min–30-s time-trial mean velocity) as a proxy measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. SMFT HRex measurement properties were determined via within- and between-athletes correlations and linear mixed models. Results: The overall preseason change in SMFT HRex derived from weekly repeated measures was −4.7% points (90% CIs, −3.9 to −5.6). The association between SMFT HRex and 5-minute–30-second time-trial mean velocity changes was large (−0.55), with 90% CIs ranging from negative moderate to negative very large magnitudes (−0.31 to −0.71). A 1% point decrease in SMFT HRex corresponded to an increase in 5-minute–30-second time-trial mean velocity of 0.13 (90% CIs, 0.03–0.24) km·h−1. Within-athlete correlations between training loads and SMFT HRex demonstrated moderate inverse relationships with external-load parameters (−0.39 to −0.47) and small inverse relationships with HR-based internal metrics (−0.25 to −0.29). Accumulated high- and very high-speed running throughout the entire preseason showed consistent inverse dose–response relationships with SMFT HRex (moderate and large, respectively), while all other load measures displayed unclear associations. Conclusions: SMFT HRex is a sensitive and valid tool to evaluate preseason cardiorespiratory-fitness changes in female football players.
From Parents to Children: The Intergenerational Transference of Parents’ Sport Club Participation From Childhood to Adolescence: The 40-Year Young Finns Study
Authors: Kaseva Kaisa , Stenbacka Sini , Kukko Tuomas , Pahkala Katja , Rovio Suvi , Hirvensalo Mirja , Raitakari Olli T. , Tammelin Tuija , Lehtimäki Terho , Suominen Tuuli , Salin Kasper 
Published: February 2025

Background: Physical activity has been shown to transfer across generations, but more information is needed regarding the transference of different physical activity modes. This study examined (1) whether parents’ sport club participation at the ages 9–18 was associated with their offspring’s sports club participation at the same ages and (2) whether the associations were robust against adjusting for demographic, health-related, and socioeconomic covariates. Methods: The participants (parents, G1, N = 309–539 and children, G2, N = 131–332) were from the ongoing, population-based Young Finns Study. Participants’ sports club participation was assessed through self-reports during 1980–1992 (G1) and 2018/2020 (G2). The analyses were conducted using generalized estimation equations controlling for participants’ sex, number of children’s siblings, children’s body mass index, health status, and living area as well as parents’ educational status and income. Results: Parents’ sports club participation at the age of 9 was favorably associated with their children’s participation at the age of 9 (odds ratio = 5.23; 95% CI, 1.59–17.17; Tjur R2 = .27) and 12 (odds ratio = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.06–6.18; Tjur R2 = .14) adjusting for the covariates. Conclusions: Parents’ sports club participation at the age of 9 was favorably associated with their offspring’s sports club participation at childhood and early adolescence. Childhood might be one of the most essential periods to conduct physical activity interventions or motivational programs to support children’s sports club participation.