bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on China's crisis management and market exit mechanism for insurers – Based on or independent of the general bankruptcy system?
Authors: Xu Geleite 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the special nature of their business, insurers are under prudential regulation, subject to a series of statutory and regulatory requirements. From time to time, there are crises where insurers fall below the requirements they should conform to. In order to address these crises effectively and efficiently, it is important to have a well‐designed crisis management and market exit mechanism for insurers (the CMME mechanism). However, the CMME mechanism has not been well‐formed in China. The current mechanism is comprised of the regulatory intervention system and the bankruptcy system, but there is a lack of consideration of the special features of insurers. As a consequence, it would not be feasible or efficient to apply many of the arrangements therein when crises of insurers occur. Since many incompatible arrangements are basic elements inherent in the general bankruptcy system, this article argues that it would be more desirable to have a CMME mechanism which is independent of the general bankruptcy system. To achieve this, a radical overhaul is needed to detach the CMME mechanism from the general bankruptcy system. In this way, the whole CMME mechanism can be specifically designed to accommodate the special features of insurers, without containing any elements in the bankruptcy system which are arguably not fit for insurers.
Successful endoscopic treatment using thulium YAG laser for multiple ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in a pediatric patient
Authors: Fukui Shinji , Yoshida Takashi , Nakao Kazuyoshi , Matsuzaki Tomoaki , Kinoshita Hidefumi 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionUreteral fibroepithelial polyps are extremely rare and cause ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the pediatric population. Recent advancements in endoscopic treatment, such as holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser, have created more options for practitioners to treat multiple ureteral fibroepithelial polyps cases. However, the use of holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser multilobulated ureteral fibroepithelial polyps may have technical difficulties.Case presentationAn 11‐year‐old boy with intermittent right flank pain revealed multiple ureteral fibroepithelial polyps approximately 3 cm long at the right ureteropelvic junction. The ureteral fibroepithelial polyps were resected using flexible ureteroscopy using thulium:YAG laser. A second‐look ureteroscopy revealed no recurrence, residual polyps, or ureteral stricture. At 1‐year follow‐up, ultrasonography showed no hydronephrosis on the affected side.ConclusionThulium:YAG laser provides clear visibility due to its high hemostatic and evaporation effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pediatric case of multiple ureteral fibroepithelial polyps successfully treated with endoscopic resection using thulium:YAG laser, with a favorable clinical outcome.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Single‐item Measure of Burnout (Japanese version) for identifying medical resident burnout
Authors: Nagasaki Kazuya , Seo Emiko , Maeno Tetsuhiro , Kobayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBurnout is a psychological syndrome consisting of emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased professional efficacy. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is widely used as the standard measure. However, the MBI is lengthy and not free to use, which makes it a less than ideal tool for regularly assessing burnout. The single question burnout measure (SMB) is a novel and simple measure of burnout, which is associated well with emotional exhaustion and has sufficient diagnostic performance for burnout. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent and convergent validity of the Japanese version of the single‐item measure of burnout (SMB‐J) compared with the MBI.MethodsNinety‐four medical residents volunteered to complete the MBI‐General Survey (MBI‐GS) and the SMB‐J. We assessed the concurrent (sensitivity and specificity) and convergent validity of the SMB‐J compared with the MBI‐GS.ResultsThe sensitivity for identifying burnout using the SMB‐J was 53.8%, and the specificity was 88.2%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.71. MBI‐GS scores on the subscales of Emotional Exhaustion (r = 0.509, p < 0.0001) and Cynicism (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) strongly correlated with the SMB‐J scores.ConclusionsWe concluded that for identifying burnout among Japanese medical residents, the psychometric properties of the SMB‐J are comparable to those of the original version of the SMB. Although the SMB‐J has low sensitivity to detect burnout, it is more convenient to use than the MBI.
High penetrance, recurrent attacks and thrombus formation in a family with hereditary coproporphyria
Authors: Towns Cindy , Balakrishnan Sobana , Florkowski Chris , Davies Andrew , Barrington‐Ward Elaine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is the rarest of the autosomal dominant acute porphyrias with an estimated incidence of 0.02 per 10 million per year. HCP has been considered to be mild in presentation compared with the more common acute intermittent porphyria although there is limited information comparing the subtypes. Penetrance in the acute porphyrias is low with 90% of patients with a mutation never exhibiting symptoms. We present seven members from a family with HCP with a novel mutation in whom penetrance and severity are high. In addition, they appear to have a high rate of veno‐thromboembolism. Penetrance is confirmed at 57% but is suspected to be 71%. The first patient experienced life‐threatening complications, four of the seven have had recurrent attacks and the development of opioid dependence has complicated management. The case series documents the impact of a new mRNA interference molecule givosiran as well as a plan for embryo selection which is not commonly used in porphyria. The use of ketamine for the treatment of acute attacks is also documented for the first time in the porphyria literature. The use of international registries would aid the characterisation and management of this very rare disease.
Phase transitions and p–T phase diagram of the multiferroic TbFe3(BO3)4 crystal
Authors: Krylov Alexander , Pavlovskiy Maksim , Kitaev Yuri , Gudim Irina , Andryshin Nikita , Vtyurin Aleksander , Jiang Qinghui , Krylova Svetlana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe structural phase transitions in multiferroic TbFe3(BO3)4 with change hydrostatic pressures and temperatures have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and calculation within density functional theory. Lattice dynamics calculations in the TbFe3(BO3)4 crystal in the
phase under various values of applied hydrostatic pressure (from 0 up to 5 GPa with 1 GPa step) were performed. The calculation performed in this work in a TbFe3(BO3)4 crystal showed that the applied pressure can increase the phase transition temperature. Raman spectra of the TbFe3(BO3)4 crystal have been investigated at simultaneously high temperature and high pressure (up to 5.14 GPa and 465 K). The appearance of a soft mode was observed with decreasing temperature at normal pressure. The manifestations of the interaction of the structural and magnetic order parameters in the range from 13 to 50 K were observed at normal pressure. With increasing pressure and a fixed temperature, recovery of the soft modes is also observed. The experimental p–T phase diagram of TbFe3(BO3)4 was established. An increase in pressure leads to an increase in the temperature of transition.
Insight into dominant intestinal microbiota and the fatty acids profile of turkeys following the administration of synbiotic preparations
Authors: Markowiak‐Kopeć Paulina , Śliżewska Katarzyna , Lipiński Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDProbiotics and prebiotics are widely used as natural feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals, including poultry. The using of this type of preparation has a positive effect on animal welfare, human health and the environment. High potential is attributed to preparations combining probiotics and prebiotics, called synbiotics. The aim of the research was to confirm the beneficial effects of synbiotics on the performance of turkeys and the number of dominant intestinal microbiota. In addition, we also investigated the concentration of organic acids (lactic acid, short‐chain and branched‐chain fatty acids) in the excreta of turkeys.RESULTSThe synbiotic supplementation of turkeys caused statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in body weight of animals and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) compared to control group after 15 weeks of rearing. Administration of the synbiotics resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the count of potential pathogens (Clostridium spp., Clostridium coccoides and Escherichia coli) but a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the count of beneficial microorganisms (lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.) in the excreta of turkeys. Results of synbiotic supplementation showed that the short‐chain fatty acids and lactic acid concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while the concentration of branched‐chain fatty acids was decreased.CONCLUSIONThe results showed a beneficial influence of the synbiotics on the animals’ performance, dominant intestinal microbiota and fatty acid profile in the excreta of turkeys. The developed synbiotics can be effectively used in nutrition of turkeys. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Training in Obstetric Ultrasound Biometry
Authors: Donadono Vera , Ambroise Grandjean Gaëlle , Stegen Marie‐Louise , Collin Adeline , Bertholdt Charline , Casagrandi Davide , Morel Olivier , Napolitano Raffaele 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of fetal biometry measurements obtained by trainee (junior) and experienced sonographers (senior) in the contest of two training programs in obstetric ultrasound.MethodsThis was a prospective study on 192 women recruited ensuring an even distribution throughout gestation (18–41 weeks), at University College London Hospital (UCLH), England (87 cases), and at Maternité Regionale Universitaire de Nancy (MRUN), France (105 cases). The training took place in two training centers with experience in ultrasound training and subspecialist training in fetal medicine. Measurements for head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were obtained twice by junior and senior sonographers, blind to their own and each other's measurements. Differences between and within sonographers were expressed in millimeters and as a percentage of fetal dimensions. Reproducibility was assessed using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsReproducibility was overall high with 95% confidence intervals (CI) within <6% for intraobserver and <8% for interobserver reproducibility. Intraobserver reproducibility was lower within junior than within senior sonographers' measurements for HC (95% CI: <4% versus <3%) and FL (95% CI: <6% and < 5%). Intraobserver reproducibility was similar between the two centers/training programs (AC 95% CI: <6%). Cumulative interobserver reproducibility in both centers was similar to the reproducibility within a single site (95% CI: <5%, <8%, and <7% for HC, AC, and FL, respectively).ConclusionsReproducibility of fetal biometry measurement was high in centers with structured training programs regardless of sonographers' experience. Reproducibility was higher in sonographers who completed the training.
Evaluating modelled winds over an urban area using ground‐based Doppler lidar observations
Authors: Filioglou Maria , Preissler Jana , Troiville Anselme , Thobois Ludovic , Vakkari Ville , Auvinen Mikko , Fortelius Carl , Gregow Erik , Hämäläinen Karoliina , Hellsten Antti , Järvi Leena , O'Connor Ewan , Schönach David , Hirsikko Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWind information in urban areas is essential for many applications related to air pollution, urban climate and planning, safety of drone‐related operations, and assessment of urban wind energy potential. These applications require accurate wind forecasts, and obtaining this information in an urban environment is challenging as the morphology of a city varies from street to street, altering the wind flow. Remote sensing techniques such as Doppler lidars (light detection and ranging) provide a unique opportunity for wind forecast verification as they can provide both the vertical profile of the horizontal wind and the spatial variation in the horizontal domain at high resolution. In this study, the performance of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, analysis systems, and large‐eddy simulation (LES) models have been analysed by comparing the modelled winds against Doppler lidar observations under various atmospheric conditions and from season to season, in the coastal environment of Helsinki, Finland. The long‐term mean vertical profile of the modelled horizontal wind shows good agreement with observations; the NWP model and the analysis systems selected here exhibit different strengths and weaknesses depending on the atmospheric conditions but no significant diurnal variation in performance. However, both the model and analysis systems show differences in their spatially‐averaged bias when investigating different wind directions. LES verification shows that these models can potentially provide winds down to street level, given pre‐computed scenarios of atmospheric conditions. For Helsinki, the observed winds are stronger during winter than summer, and, on average, higher wind speeds were observed at the urban site than the sub‐urban site.
A U‐snake based deep learning network for right ventricle segmentation
Authors: Huang Kaiwen , Xu Lei , Zhu Yingliang , Meng Penghui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeVentricular segmentation is of great importance for the heart condition monitoring. However, manual segmentation is time‐consuming, cumbersome, and subjective. Many segmentation methods perform poorly due to the complex structure and uncertain shape of the right ventricle, so we combine deep learning to achieve automatic segmentation.MethodThis paper proposed a method named U‐Snake network which is based on the improvement of deep snake together with level set to segment the right ventricular in the MR images. U‐snake aggregates the information of each receptive field which is learned by circular convolution of multiple dilation rates. At the same time, we also added dice loss functions and transferred the result of U‐Snake to the level set so as to further enhance the effect of small object segmentation. Our method is tested on the test 1 and test 2 datasets in the right ventricular segmentation challenge (RVSC), which shows the effectiveness.ResultsThe experiment showed that we have obtained good result in the RVSC. The highest segmentation accuracy on the right ventricular test set 2 reached a dice coefficient of 0.911, and the segmentation speed reached 5 fps.ConclusionsOur method, a new deep learning network named U‐snake, has surpassed the previous excellent ventricular segmentation method based on mathematical theory and other classical deep learning methods, such as Residual U‐net, Inception CNN, and Dilated CNN. However, it can only be used as an auxiliary tool instead of replacing the work of human beings.
Optimal control‐decision strategy for wireless networked control systems with structural variation and packet dropout
Authors: Zhu Jin , Xia Kai , Wang Linpeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article takes into account a class of wireless networked control systems in which the plant structure is subject to random abrupt variations and signals may be lost due to packet dropout over unreliable transmission channels. Firstly, a discrete‐time Markovian jump linear system with two independent Markov chains is established to model such systems where structural variation is governed by one Markov chain while packet dropout is governed by another. Secondly, a control‐decision strategy is introduced where decision is utilized to decrease signal losses and controller is to guarantee system stability. Meanwhile, a generalized quadratic performance with both control and decision cost is formulated to evaluate the proposed strategy. For the optimization of such generalized performance, an optimal control‐decision strategy, which is dependent on the decision, can then be deduced via stochastic dynamic programming. Based on this, a gradient descent algorithm is proposed for obtaining the optimal decision together with its convergence proof. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Prenatal bone abnormalities in three cases of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Authors: Frerot Alice , Baudouin Véronique , Rideau‐Batista Aline , Couderc Anne , Garel Catherine , Soltane Samia , Colella Marina , Vargas‐Poussou Rosa , Hureaux Marguerite 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal diagnosis of bone and mineralization anomalies is associated with a wide range of etiologies and prognoses. The improvement of antenatal ultrasound combined with the development of molecular diagnosis in genetics has transformed antenatal medicine into a challenging discipline. Of the various known causes of bone abnormalities and hypomineralization, calcium and phosphate metabolism disorders are exceptional. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for providing appropriate genetic counseling and medical follow‐up after birth.CaseWe report on three siblings with severe bone abnormalities diagnosed during the second trimester ultrasound of pregnancy. Postnatal follow‐up showed transitory hyperparathyroidism, with hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria.MethodsSanger sequencing performed after birth in the three newborns revealed a monoallelic pathogenic variant in the CASR gene, encoding the calcium sensing receptor, confirming the diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, paternally inherited. Postnatal evolution was favorable after treatment with a calcimimetic agent.ConclusionsPreviously, prenatal bone abnormalities caused by familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia had only been described in one patient. This entity should be considered as differential diagnosis of bones abnormalities. Knowing about this unusual etiology is important to guide the diagnosis, the prenatal counseling and to improve medical management.
Phenylboronic acid as a novel agent for controlling plant pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Martinko Katarina , Ivanković Siniša , Đermić Edyta , Đermić Damir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenylboronic acid (PBA) is an environmentally non‐toxic substance with antimicrobial activity. Due to increasing ecological limitations in phytopharmacy and considering the development of resistance of phytopathogenic bacteria to available antibacterial agents, here we explore a possible role of PBA as an antibacterial agent of choice.RESULTSWe determined a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PBA in vitro on the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) (0.5 mg/mL) and Erwinia amylovora (0.8 mg/mL), two of the most damaging plant pathogenic bacteria. In comparison, boric acid MIC was 2.5–6‐fold higher than that of PBA, indicating enhanced antibacterial efficacy of the latter. Moreover, we determined the effect of PBA on cell growth and viability of both bacteria and have shown that PBA has bactericidal effect in concentrations > 1.0 mg/mL, whereas in lower concentration it is bacteriostatic. In addition, we have shown that PBA impairs Pst ability to cause symptoms on tomato plants in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas solely applied PBA did not affect plant morphology at bactericidal concentrations.CONCLUSIONWe report, for the first time, that PBA is a suitable agent for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria. PBA has bacteriostatic activity in lower, and bactericidal activity in higher (> 1.0 mg/mL) concentrations. When applied on tomato plants, PBA managed to suppress symptoms caused by Pst, while having no adverse effect on plants at the bactericidal concentrations. As an additional benefit, PBA is environmentally friendly. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Faecal Incontinence—A UEG/ESCP/ESNM/ESPCG collaboration
Authors: Assmann Sadé L. , Keszthelyi Daniel , Kleijnen Jos , Anastasiou Foteini , Bradshaw Elissa , Brannigan Ann E. , Carrington Emma V. , Chiarioni Giuseppe , Ebben Liora D. A. , Gladman Marc A. , Maeda Yasuko , Melenhorst Jarno , Milito Giovanni , Muris Jean W. M. , Orhalmi Julius , Pohl Daniel , Tillotson Yvonne , Rydningen Mona , Svagzdys Saulius , Vaizey Carolynne J. , Breukink Stephanie O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe goal of this project was to create an up‐to‐date joint European clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of faecal incontinence (FI), using the best available evidence. These guidelines are intended to help guide all medical professionals treating adult patients with FI (e.g., general practitioners, surgeons, gastroenterologists, other healthcare workers) and any patients who are interested in information regarding the diagnosis and management of FI.MethodsThese guidelines have been created in cooperation with members from the United European Gastroenterology (UEG), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) and the European Society for Primary Care Gastroenterology (ESPCG). These members made up the guideline development group (GDG). Additionally, a patient advisory board (PAB) was created to reflect and comment on the draft guidelines from a patient perspective. Relevant review questions were established by the GDG along with a set of outcomes most important for decision making. A systematic literature search was performed using these review questions and outcomes as a framework. For each predefined review question, the study or studies with the highest level of study design were included. If evidence of a higher‐level study design was available, no lower level of evidence was sought or included. Data from the studies were extracted by two reviewers for each predefined important outcome within each review question. Where possible, forest plots were created. After summarising the results for each review question, a systematic quality assessment using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach was performed. For each review question, we assessed the quality of evidence for every predetermined important outcome. After evidence review and quality assessment were completed, recommendations could be formulated. The wording used for each recommendation was dependent on the level of quality of evidence. Lower levels of evidence resulted in weaker recommendations and higher levels of evidence resulted in stronger recommendations. Recommendations were discussed within the GDG to reach consensus.ResultsThese guidelines contain 45 recommendations on the classification, diagnosis and management of FI in adult patients.ConclusionThese multidisciplinary European guidelines provide an up‐to‐date comprehensive evidence‐based framework with recommendations on the diagnosis and management of adult patients who suffer from FI.