bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause-specific mortality and risk factors of death among inpatients of a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Myślicka Dominika , Zagożdżon Paweł , Pierucka Magdalena 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyCelem badania było określenie ogólnych i specyficznych współczynników umieralności wewnątrzszpitalnej oraz identyfikacja czynników ryzyka zgonów.MetodaBadanie obejmowało 15 997 kart dokumentacji medycznej pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Szpitalu dla Nerwowo i Psychicznie Chorych w Starogardzie Gdańskim w latach 2005-2012. Badanie zostało zaprojektowane jako retrospektywne badanie kohortowe z wykorzystaniem proporcjonalnego modelu Coxa do analizy przeżycia. Obliczono znormalizowany wskaźnik umieralności (SMR) i jego 95% przedziały ufności (95% CI).WynikiNiezależnymi czynnikami ryzyka zgonu były: płeć męska, starszy wiek, nadciśnienie tętnicze, miażdżyca, zawał serca w wywiadzie, niewydolność serca, marskość wątroby, gruźlica, choroba nowotworowa w wywiadzie, niedokrwistość, występowanie stanu zapalnego. Majaczenie niewywołane alkoholem i innymi substancjami psychoaktywnymi było związane z najwyższym ryzykiem zgonu ze wszystkich diagnoz psychiatrycznych. Bezrobocie wiązało się z dwa razy wyższym ryzykiem zgonu w trakcie hospitalizacji. SMR dla całej populacji pacjentów hospitalizowanych wyniósł 17,88 (95% CI 15,99-20,00).WnioskiChoroby współistniejące mają istotny i klinicznie znaczący wpływ na umieralność wewnątrzszpitalną u pacjentów psychiatrycznych w Polsce. Świadomość klinicystów i aktywne monitorowanie stanów chorobowych wśród takich pacjentów jest konieczne, aby zmniejszyć ryzyko umieralności wewnątrzszpitalnej w placówkach psychiatrycznych.
Polish Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 (IGD-20) Test
Authors: Grajewski Piotr , Dragan Małgorzata 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyCelem badania była walidacja polskiej adaptacji kwestionariusza Internet Gaming Disorder-20 (IGD-20, Zaburzenie Grania w Internecie-20), który jest zgodny z kryteriami diagnostycznymi DSM-5.MetodaW badaniu walidacyjnym uwzględniono odpowiedzi uzyskane od 652 graczy. W celu potwierdzenia struktury narzędzia zastosowano konfirmacyjną analizę czynnikową. Trafność zbieżną sprawdzano poprzez zastosowanie narzędzi do pomiaru nasilenia objawów psychopatologicznych i myśli nałogowych. W analizach wzięto pod uwagę również najczęściej wybierane przez graczy gatunki gier.WynikiAnaliza czynnikowa potwierdziła 5-cio czynnikową strukturę kwestionariusza IGD-20, co jest zgodne z wynikami badań dotyczących innych wersji językowych. Wskaźniki dopasowania ocenianie łącznie wskazują na dobre dopasowanie danych do modelu: χ2(142)=690,059; p<0,001; RMSEA=0,077 (90% CI: 0,071-0,083); CFI=0,950; TLI=0.940; SMRR=0,053. Narzędzie charakteryzuje się wysoką spójnością wewnętrzną (wskaźnik omega McDonalda wyniósł 0,93). Wykazano również istotne statystycznie korelacje pomiędzy symptomami grania problemowego i objawami psychopatologicznymi oraz nasileniem myśli nałogowych. Okazało się, że osoby badane grają najkrócej w gry edukacyjne, w porównaniu do innych gatunków gier, a częstotliwość ich wybierania korelowała ujemnie z natężeniem objawów grania problemowego.WnioskiBadanie walidacyjne polskiej wersji kwestionariusza IGD-20 potwierdziło dobre właściwości psychometryczne narzędzia oraz jego wewnętrzną strukturę. Dalsze badania powinny koncentrować się na roli różnic międzypłciowych oraz sprawdzeniu właściwości narzędzia w próbie klinicznej graczy.
Balanced Opioid Prescribing via a Clinical Trade-Off: Pain Relief vs. Adverse Effects of Discomfort, Dependence, and Tolerance/Hypersensitivity
Authors: Gökçınar Abdullah , Çakanyıldırım Metin , Price Theodore , Adams Meredith C. B. 
Published: February 2022

In the backdrop of the opioid epidemic, opioid prescribing has distinct medical and social challenges. Overprescribing contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic, whereas underprescribing yields inadequate pain relief. Moreover, opioids have serious adverse effects including tolerance and increased sensitivity to pain, paradoxically inducing more pain. Prescribing trade-offs are recognized but not modeled in the literature. We study the prescribing decisions for chronic, acute, and persistent pain types to minimize the cumulative pain that incorporates opioid adverse effects (discomfort and dependence) and the risk of tolerance or hypersensitivity (THS) developed with opioid use. After finding closed-form solutions for each pain type, we analytically investigate the sensitivity of acute pain prescriptions and examine policies on incorporation of THS, patient handover, and adaptive treatments. Our analyses show that the role of adverse effects in prescribing decisions is as critical as that of the pain level. Interestingly, we find that the optimal prescription duration is not necessarily increasing with the recovery time. We show that not incorporating THS or information curtailment at patient handovers leads to overprescribing that can be mitigated by adaptive treatments. Last, using real-life pain and opioid use data from two sources, we estimate THS parameters and discuss the proximity of our model to clinical practice. This paper has a pain management framework that leads to tractable models. These models can potentially support balanced opioid prescribing after their validation in a clinical setting. Then, they can be helpful to policy makers in assessment of prescription policies and of the controversy around over- and underprescribing. History: This paper has been accepted for the Decision Analysis Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Health Decision Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grants K08 EB022631, R24 DA055306, R33 DA046085, and U24 NS115708]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2021.0447 .
Barriers and facilitators of early mobilisation for intensive care unit delirium: perspectives from patients, family members and carers. A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Bennion Jacqueline , Garrett Roger , Mansell Stephanie K , Barron Duncan , Martin Daniel , Mein Gill 
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims One-third of patients develop delirium following admission to an intensive care unit. Intensive care unit delirium is associated with poor patient outcomes, including long-term disability and high mortality. Early mobilisation contributes towards the prevention and reduction of intensive care unit delirium. However, the implementation of early mobilisation is infrequent. The aim of this protocol is to explore participants' experiences of the barriers to, and facilitators of, early mobilisation in the adult intensive care unit specific to people experiencing delirium. Methods Three moderators will carry out up to six focus groups including up to five participants in each group. Focus group discussions will be used to explore the experiences of patients, carers and family members using Microsoft Teams. Participants will be recruited from the charity ICUsteps using a purposive sampling technique. Results Discussions will be audio-recorded and simultaneously transcribed verbatim using the otter.ai programme. Member check approval will be sought to ensure accuracy of data. Framework analysis using a thematic methodology will identify themes in the data. Conclusions It is anticipated that the findings of this study will contribute towards further understanding the implementation of early mobilisation in order to improve measures for prevention and management of delirium in the adult intensive care unit.
Microwave phase detection of coherent population trapping resonance in a Cs vapor cell
Authors: Petersen Michael , Abdel Hafiz Moustafa , de Clercq Emeric , Boudot Rodolphe 
Published: February 2022

We report a phase-sensitive microwave detection setup for spectroscopy of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in a Cs vapor cell. In this scheme, the optically carried microwave interrogation signal that interacts with atoms is detected by a fast photodiode at the cell output and is then mixed with the local oscillator microwave signal itself. This detection scheme produces at the output of the microwave mixer a dispersive CPT signal that can be directly used for correction of the local oscillator frequency onto the atomic resonance. The evolution of the dispersive CPT resonance signal with the laser power is briefly reported. With this detection scheme, we demonstrate the operation of a CPT atomic clock with a short-term fractional frequency stability of

1
×

10

−
11

at 1 s, which is in good agreement with the slope of the frequency discriminator and the residual microwave phase noise of the setup.
ABO blood type and clinical characteristics of patients with ulcerative colitis: A hospital-based study in central Taiwan
Authors: Lai Hsiang-Chun , Chou Jen-Wei , Wu Yi-Hua , Huang Po-Ju , Cheng Ken-Sheng , Chen Tsung-Wei 
Published: February 2022

Background
The variations in ABO blood groups are reported to be associated with multiple disorders, including ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to investigate the distribution of ABO blood groups in UC patients and explore its impact on disease severity.

Methods
We retrospectively collected 129 UC patients diagnosed at our hospital between January 2000 and November 2019. Clinical characteristics, ABO blood groups, and operation rates were analyzed.

Results
The mean diagnostic age of patients was 38.97 years. Males accounted for the majority of all patients (62.8%). Of 129 patients, 43 (33.3%) were blood type O, 41 (31.8%) were blood type A, 38 (29.5%) were blood type B, and 7 (5.4%) were blood type AB. Although our patients had higher ratio of blood type A comparing our general population, there was no statistically significant association of ABO blood types distribution between these two groups (p = 0.1906). In the subgroup analysis, there were no significant difference of disease locations and operation rates between different ABO blood groups. Furthermore, blood type A patients had higher serum hemoglobin (Hb) levels compared to blood type O patients (13.31 g/dL vs. 12.30 g/dL, p = 0.0347). Blood type A patients had lower serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels compared to blood type O patients (12.46 mm/hour vs. 21.5 mm/hour, p = 0.0288). Blood type O had higher serum ESR levels compared to non-O groups (p = 0.0228). In the ABO blood groups and mean diagnostic age (≤ 40 years or > 40 years), there were no statistically significant difference between these two age groups, p = 0.5515.

Conclusions
Our results showed ABO blood groups are not associated with UC in spite of a higher ratio of blood type A in our patients. Blood type O patients had higher serum ESR levels; however, blood type A patients had higher Hb levels.
Selected by bioinformatics and molecular docking analysis, Dhea and 2–14,15-Eg are effective against cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Qin Lei , Kuai Jun , Yang Fang , Yang Lu , Sun Peisheng , Zhang Lanfang , Li Guangpeng 
Published: February 2022

Object
To identify novel targets for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma, we screen ideal lead compounds and preclinical drug candidates with MYC inhibitory effect from the ZINC database, and verify the therapeutic effect of Dhea and 2–14,15-Eg on cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods
The gene expression profiles of GSE132305, GSE89749, and GSE45001 were obtained respectively from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The DEGs were identified by comparing the gene expression profiles of cholangiocarcinoma and normal tissues. GO, KEGG analysis and PPI network analyses were performed. LibDock, ADME and toxicity prediction, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to identify potential inhibitors of MYC. Moreover, in vitro, MTT assay, colony-forming assay, the scratch assay and Western blotting were performed to verify the therapeutic effect of Dhea and 2–14,15-Eg.

Results
PPI network analysis showed that ALB, MYC, APOB, IGF1 and KNG1 were hub genes, of which MYC was mainly studied in this study. A battery of computer-aided virtual techniques showed that Dhea and 2–14,15-Eg have lower rodent carcinogenicity, Ames mutagenicity, developmental toxicity potential, and high tolerance to cytochrome P4502D6, as well as could exist stably in natural circumstances. In vitro assays showed that Dhea and 2–14,15-Eg inhibited cholangiocarcinoma cellular viability, proliferation, and migration inhibiting expression of MYC.

Conclusion
This study suggested that Dhea and 2–14,15-Eg were novel potential inhibitors of MYC targeting, as well as are a promising drug in dealing with cholangiocarcinoma and have a perspective application.
The development and pilot testing of a behavioral activation-based treatment for depressed mood and multiple health behavior change in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Gathright Emily C. , Vickery Katherine Diaz , Ayenew Woubeshet , Whited Matthew C. , Adkins-Hempel Melissa , Chrastek Michelle , Carter Jill K. , Rosen Rochelle K. , Wu Wen-Chih , Busch Andrew M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with depressed mood demonstrate poor cardiovascular behavioral risk profiles and elevated risk for recurrent ACS and mortality. Behavioral Activation (BA) offers an intervention framework for an integrated treatment targeting both depression and critical health behaviors post-ACS. Behavioral Activation for Health and Depression (BA-HD) was developed and pilot tested in a multiphase iterative process.

Methods
First, an initial treatment manual was conceptualized based on the team’s prior work, as well as the extant literature. Second, qualitative interviews were conducted with target patients and target providers on the proposed BA-HD treatment rationale, content, and structure. Framework matrix analyses were used to summarize and aggregate responses. Third, an expert panel was convened to elicit additional manual refinements. Finally, patients with post-ACS depression and health behavior non-adherence were recruited to complete an open pilot trial to evaluate acceptability (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire [CSQ], exit interview) and treatment engagement (number of sessions attended; treatment completion was considered completion of 8 out of 10 possible sessions).

Results
The initial BA-HD treatment manual expanded an existing treatment manual for post-ACS BA-based mood management and smoking cessation to target four health behaviors relevant to post-ACS patients (e.g., smoking cessation, medication adherence, physical activity, and diet). After the initial conceptualization, ten post-ACS patients and eight cardiac rehabilitation professionals completed qualitative interviews. Patients endorsed bi-directional interactions between mood and health behaviors post-ACS. Both patients and providers expressed general support of the proposed treatment rationale and values-guided, collaborative goal-setting approach. Patients, providers, and experts provided feedback that shaped the iterative manual development. After the BA-HD manual was finalized, eight participants were enrolled in a single-arm pilot trial. The mean CSQ score was 30.57 ± 2.23, indicating high satisfaction. Seven out of eight (88%) completed treatment. Pre- to post treatment improvements in depressed mood and health behaviors were promising.

Conclusions
BA-HD treatment is an acceptable approach to target both mood and health behaviors in post-ACS patients with depression. A future larger, controlled trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the BA-HD treatment.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04158219
Preventive practices toward sexually transmitted infections and their determinants among young people in Ethiopia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Alemayehu Mussie 
Published: February 2022

Background
Globally, the estimated annual number of new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections occurring among young people aged 15–24 years is approximately 178.5 million. There are fragmented and inconsistent findings on preventive practices for sexually transmitted infections. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of preventive practices of sexually transmitted infections and identify its determinants among young people in Ethiopia.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) will be used to develop the review protocol. Online databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar will be used to search published and unpublished studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument will be used to assess the quality of the study. Statistical heterogeneity will be checked using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. The statistical analysis will be performed using STATA version 14 software. A random-effects model will be performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and identify determinants of preventive practices of sexually transmitted infections.

Discussion
Young people have a high unmet need for sexual and reproductive health services and poor preventive practices toward sexually transmitted infections. Although there are studies on preventive practices for sexually transmitted infections, there is no study finding on the pooled prevalence of preventive practices for sexually transmitted infections and its determinants among young people in Ethiopia. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol will help to develop appropriate strategies.
Psychosis risk among pregnant women in Ghana
Authors: Adjorlolo Samuel , Mensah Gwendolyn , Badzi Caroline Dinam 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Psychotic illness, although is rare, has been reported in the perinatal period. Individuals diagnosed with psychotic illness tend to first exhibit psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), defined as subclinical psychotic symptoms that occur outside the context of sleep or drug use. However, there is a paucity of empirical data on PLEs in pregnancy to advance scholarly discourse and support professional practice. The current study investigated the prevalence and correlates of PLEs among pregnant women in Ghana, a West African state.

Design
A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 702 pregnant women who responded to measures of PLEs, COVID-19 concerns and behavioral maladies such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Descriptive and inferential statistics, namely chi square, exploratory factor analysis, MANOVA and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Results
The results showed that 54.2%, 27.3% and 18.5% of participants were at no/low, moderate and high risk for psychosis, respectively. A total of 44.4% participants were not distressed by PLEs, whereas 32.2% and 23.4% were a bit/quite and very distressed, respectively. Psychosis risk was elevated among pregnant women who were more concerned about the COVID-19 effects, scored high in suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and sleep difficulties.

Conclusion
The study showed that psychosis risk is present in pregnancy.

Implications
Screening for psychosis risk in pregnancy should be prioritized for pregnant women with behavioral maladies, including suicidal tendencies, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulties and heightened concerns about COVID-19.
Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness
Authors: Dror Amiel A. , Morozov Nicole , Daoud Amani , Namir Yoav , Yakir Orly , Shachar Yair , Lifshitz Mark , Segal Ella , Fisher Lior , Mizrachi Matti , Eisenbach Netanel , Rayan Doaa , Gruber Maayan , Bashkin Amir , Kaykov Edward , Barhoum Masad , Edelstein Michael , Sela Eyal 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Studies have demonstrated a potential correlation between low vitamin D status and both an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and poorer clinical outcomes. This retrospective study examines if, and to what degree, a relationship exists between pre-infection serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and disease severity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2.

Participants
The records of individuals admitted between April 7th, 2020 and February 4th, 2021 to the Galilee Medical Center (GMC) in Nahariya, Israel, with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) were searched for historical 25(OH)D levels measured 14 to 730 days prior to the positive PCR test.

Design
Patients admitted to GMC with COVID-19 were categorized according to disease severity and level of 25(OH)D. An association between pre-infection 25(OH)D levels, divided between four categories (deficient, insufficient, adequate, and high-normal), and COVID-19 severity was ascertained utilizing a multivariable regression analysis. To isolate the possible influence of the sinusoidal pattern of seasonal 25(OH)D changes throughout the year, a cosinor model was used.

Results
Of 1176 patients admitted, 253 had records of a 25(OH)D level prior to COVID-19 infection. A lower vitamin D status was more common in patients with the severe or critical disease (<20 ng/mL [87.4%]) than in individuals with mild or moderate disease (<20 ng/mL [34.3%] p < 0.001). Patients with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were 14 times more likely to have severe or critical disease than patients with 25(OH)D ≥40 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR], 14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4 to 51; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, pre-infection deficiency of vitamin D was associated with increased disease severity and mortality.
Exploration of clinicians’ decision-making regarding transfer of patient care from the emergency department to a medical assessment unit: A qualitative study
Authors: Cleak Helen , Osborne Sonya R. , de Looze Julian W. M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Hospitals face immense pressures in balancing patient throughput. Medical assessment units have emerged as a commonplace response to improve the flow of medical patients presenting to the emergency department requiring hospital admission and to ease overcrowding in the emergency department. The aim of this study was to understand factors influencing the decision-making behaviour of key stakeholders involved in the transfer of care of medical patients from one service to the other in a large, tertiary teaching hospital in Queensland, Australia.

Methods
We used a qualitative approach drawing on data from focus groups with key informant health and professional staff involved in the transfer of care. A theoretically-informed, semi-structured focus group guide was used to facilitate discussion and explore factors impacting on decisions made to transfer care of patients from the emergency department to the medical assessment unit. Thematic analysis was undertaken to look for patterns in the data.

Results
Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 15 participants. Four main themes were identified: (1) we have a process—we just don’t use it; (2) I can do it, but can they; (3) if only we could skype them; and (4) why can’t they just go up. Patient flow relies on efficiency in two processes—the transfer of care and the physical re-location of the patient from one service to the other. The findings suggest that factors other than clinical reasoning are at play in influencing decision-making behaviour.

Conclusions
Acknowledgement of the interaction within and between professional and health staff (human factors) with the organisational imperatives, policies, and process (system factors) may be critical to improve efficiencies in the service and minimise the introduction of workarounds that might compromise patient safety.