bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implication of the atomic effects in neutrinoless double beta decay
Authors: Mei D.-M. , Wei W.-Z. 
Published: April 2022

In the planned ton-scale neutrinoless double beta [Formula: see text] decay experiments, the used [Formula: see text] value is the mass-energy difference between the ground states of mother and daughter atoms, without correcting the atomic energy difference due to the alteration in the nuclear charge before and after the decay process. We show that the atomic energy change between the two ground states can potentially reduce the [Formula: see text] value by 5.502, 12.103, and 12.372 keV for the decays from [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. The available kinetic energy for two electrons can be 2033.51 keV for [Formula: see text] decay, 2515.41 keV for [Formula: see text] decay, and 2445.45 keV for [Formula: see text] decay after correcting for atomic effects. This implies that the planned experiments could potentially miss the decay signature if a narrow energy window is designated to reduce background events including [Formula: see text] decay events.
Wrist Extensor Deficit Detection Test – A Simple Test to Determine Wrist Extension Caused by Digital Extensors in Patients with Extended Upper Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: BHARDWAJ Praveen , VARADHARAJAN Vigneswaran , SABAPATHY S Raja 
Published: April 2022

Motor deficit in patients with extended upper brachial plexus palsy is variable. A patient with only thumb and finger extensors may seem to have active wrist extension because of them secondarily acting at wrist and causing wrist extension. To determine the presence of wrist extensors, it is important to block the wrist extension caused by the finger and thumb extensors. Conventional muscle testing is often ineffective in these patients as they learn a variety of trick movements over the time. We describe a simple clinical test to reveal the strength of the wrist extensors only by negating the effect of digital extensors on the wrist. If wrist extensors are absent, a nerve or tendon transfer can be done to address this deficit and improve the functional outcome. Level of Evidence: Level V (Diagnostic)
Use of a Box-cut Osteotomy Preserving Collateral Ligaments in Costal Osteochondral Graft Reconstruction of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Cartilage Defects
Authors: USHIJIMA Takahiro , ARAI Ken 
Published: April 2022

We report two patients with reconstruction of osteochondral defects of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) using a costal osteochondral graft (COG). A box-cut osteotomy was done at the end of the phalanx preserving the lateral cortices and the insertion of the collateral ligaments. A COG was harvested from the rib, moulded and press fit into the groove formed by the box-cut osteotomy. The COG was fixed with mini screws in the coronal plane (dorsal to palmar) and the fixation off-loaded with an external fixator. This technique maintained the collateral ligament in-situ and is useful in reconstruction of chondral defects of the PIPJ. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Valued Authorization Policy Existence Problem: Theory and Experiments
Authors: Crampton Jason , Eiben Eduard , Gutin Gregory , Karapetyan Daniel , Majumdar Diptapriyo 
Published: April 2022

Recent work has shown that many problems of satisfiability and resiliency in workflows may be viewed as special cases of the authorization policy existence problem (APEP), which returns an authorization policy if one exists and “No” otherwise. However, in many practical settings it would be more useful to obtain a “least bad” policy than just a “No,” where “least bad” is characterized by some numerical value indicating the extent to which the policy violates the base authorization relation and constraints. Accordingly, we introduce the Valued APEP, which returns an authorization policy of minimum weight, where the (non-negative) weight is determined by the constraints violated by the returned solution.We then establish a number of results concerning the parameterized complexity of Valued APEP. We prove that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) if the set of constraints satisfies two restrictions, but is intractable if only one of these restrictions holds. (Most constraints known to be of practical use satisfy both restrictions.) Our analysis is based on the novel concept of a user profile.We also introduce a new type of resiliency problem in the context of workflow satisfiability, show how it can be addressed using Valued APEP, and use this to build a set of benchmark instances for Valued APEP. We describe two different formulations of this problem using mixed integer programming and report the results of computational experiments which solve the problem using these formulations as input to a general-purpose solver. Our results show that the formulation which employs the user profile concept, has FPT-like running time and usually significantly outperforms our naive formulation of the problem.
Netrin-1: A Serum Marker Predicting Cognitive Impairment after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Meng Yan , Sun Shifei , Cao Shengnan , Shi Bin 
Published: April 2022

Objective. Although cognitive impairment has received more attention in recent years as a result of spinal cord injury (SCI), the pathogenic process that causes it is still unknown. The neuroprotective effects of Netrin as a family of laminin-related secreted proteins were discovered. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of serum Netrin-1 after SCI and its relationship with cognitive impairment. Methods. 96 SCI patients and 60 controls were included in our study. We collected baseline data from all participants, measured their serum Netrin-1 levels, and followed up their cognitive levels 3 months later. Results. The clinical baseline values between the control and SCI groups were not significantly different (

p
>
0.05

). However, the serum Netrin-1 level in the SCI group was significantly lower than that in the control group (

528.4
±
88.3

pg/ml vs.

673.5
±
97.2

pg/ml,

p
<
0.05

). According to the quartile level of serum Netrin-1 level in the SCI group, we found that with the increase of serum Netrin-1 level, the MoCA score also increased significantly (

p
<
0.001

), indicating that the serum Netrin-1 level was positively correlated with the MoCA score after SCI. After controlling for baseline data, multiple regression analysis revealed that Netrin-1 remained an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after SCI (=0.274,

p
=
0.036

). Conclusions. Netrin-1 may be a neuroprotective factor for cognitive impairment, which may serve as a serum marker to predict cognitive impairment after SCI.
Analysis of the Mechanism of Ureproofing Technology and Postlaparoscopy on Patients with Urology and Infection
Authors: Chen Si , Zhang Yuanfeng , Shen Peilin , Huang Zhuangcheng , Lin Mingen , Huang Jiansheng 
Published: April 2022

Objective. To analyze the effect of ureteroscopy and retrolaparoscopy on urinary calculi and infection. Method. A total of 64 patients with urinary calculi and infection who received treatment in our hospital from June 2018 to January 2018 were selected. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into two groups: a control group and a study group. The study group was treated with laparoscopic ureteroscopy, and the control group was treated with ureteroscopy. The surgical results, complications, renal function, stress response, and inflammatory reaction were compared between the two groups. Results. Compared with the control group, the study group stone clearance rate was higher, the surgical time was shorter

P
<
0.05

; the incidence of complications in the study group (23.3%) was lower than that in the control group (5.9%)

P
<
0.05

; there was no significant difference in kidney function indicators before treatment

P
>
0.05

; after treatment, the SCR, BUN, NGAL, and Cys-C indicators of the two groups were significantly increased. Compared with the control group, the study group change was more obvious, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

; after treatment, the two sets of stress response indicators were significantly increased, but relative to the control group, the study group stress response indicator was lower

P
<
0.05

; before treatment, there was no significant difference in inflammatory factors

P
>
0.05

; after treatment, the two sets of inflammatory factor levels were significantly increased, but relative to the control group, the study group was lower

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. In the clinical treatment of urinary stones, ureteroscopy technology and the laparoscopic technique have played an important role. But the laparoscopic technique is shorter, the stone clearance is higher, and the patient’s renal function can be improved, and the patient is postoperative. The stress reaction should be small. Therefore, in the clinical treatment of urinary stones and infection, laparoscopic technical treatment is worth promoting.
Proteomic Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions In Situ Using Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Angioplasty Balloons—Brief Report
Authors: Lorentzen Lasse G. , Hansen Gorm M. , Iversen Kasper K. , Bundgaard Henning , Davies Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Materials extracted from atherosclerotic arteries can disclose data about the molecular pathology of cardiovascular disease, but obtaining such samples is complex and requires invasive surgery. To overcome this barrier, this study investigated whether angioplasty balloons inflated during standard percutaneous coronary interventions retain proteins from treated (dilated) atherosclerotic lesions and whether proteomic analysis of this material could provide data on lesion protein profiles and distinguish between patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease.

Methods:
Patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris were subjected to routine percutaneous coronary interventions. All angioplasty balloons inflated in a coronary artery were collected. Proteins retained on the balloons were extracted and analyzed using shotgun proteomic analysis.

Results:
Proteomics identified and quantified 1365 unique proteins captured on percutaneous coronary intervention balloons. Control balloons inflated in the ascending aorta showed minimal nonspecific protein binding, indicating specificity to the luminal region of atherosclerotic lesions of the diseased artery wall. Clustering and principal component analyses showed that ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris subjects could be separated by variations in protein content and abundance. We identified 206 proteins as differentially abundant between ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris subjects. Pathway analysis indicated several enriched processes in the ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction group involved in neutrophil-mediated immunity and platelet activation.

Conclusions:
Disease-related proteins from coronary artery lesions adhere to angioplasty balloons and constitute a source of material for proteomic analysis. This approach can identify proteins and processes occurring in unstable coronary atherosclerotic lesions and suggest novel therapeutic approaches.
Tenascin-X Mediates Flow-Induced Suppression of EndMT and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liang Guozheng , Wang ShengPeng , Shao Jingchen , Jin Young-June , Xu Liran , Yan Yang , Günther Stefan , Wang Lei , Offermanns Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been identified as a critical driver of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) is a key mediator of EndMT. Both EndMT and atherosclerosis are promoted by disturbed flow, whereas unidirectional laminar flow limits EndMT and is atheroprotective. How EndMT and endothelial TGF-β signaling are regulated by different flow patterns is, however, still poorly understood.

Methods:
Flow chamber experiments in vitro and endothelium-specific knockout mice were used to study the role of tenascin-X in the regulation of EndMT and atherosclerosis as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Results:
In human endothelial cells as well as in human and mouse aortae, unidirectional laminar flow but not disturbed flow strongly increased endothelial expression of the extracellular matrix protein TN-X (tenascin-X) in a KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) dependent manner. Mice with endothelium-specific loss of TN-X (EC-Tnxb-KO) showed increased endothelial TGF-β signaling as well as increased endothelial expression of EndMT and inflammatory marker genes. When EC-Tnxb-KO mice were subjected to partial carotid artery ligation, we observed increased vascular remodeling. EC-Tnxb-KO mice crossed to low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice showed advanced atherosclerotic lesions after being fed a high-fat diet. Treatment of EC-Tnxb-KO mice with an anti-TGF-beta antibody or additional endothelial loss of TGF-beta receptors 1 and 2 normalized endothelial TGF-beta signaling and prevented EndMT. In in vitro studies, we found that TN-X through its fibrinogen-like domain directly interacts with TGF-β and thereby interferes with its binding to the TGF-β receptor.

Conclusions:
In summary, we show that TN-X is a central mediator of flow-induced inhibition of EndMT, endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis, which functions by binding to and by blocking the activity of TGF-β. Our data identify a novel mechanism of flow-dependent regulation of vascular TGF-β, which holds promise for generating new strategies to prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
I Am Onan: Rereading the So-Called Transgression of Wasting Seed
Authors: Noya Ludwig Beethoven J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, I aim to read Onan’s action in Gen 38 not simply as an act of transgression but also as a form of resistance to oppressive structures. I will demonstrate that Onan is resisting the dominating structure of levirate marriage that was strongly connected with patriarchy, heteronormativity, and hegemonic masculinity. To support this argument, I divide this article into three parts. First, I revisit the earlier interpretations of Onan’s narrative. Then, I explain Onan’s situational context and discuss the possibility of reading his narrative through the postcolonial, queer, and gender-critical lenses. Finally, I conclude that Onan’s action is an act of resistance toward oppressing systems of culture and that his act takes into account Tamar’s interest in achieving proper livelihood.
The Islamic Law of Pearling: Ritual Obligation and Economic Practice in the Arabian Gulf, ca. 1910–1940
Authors: Caeiro Alexandre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the first half of the twentieth century, the legal landscape of the Arabian sheikhdoms was pluralistic and fragmented. The legal actors who settled disputes included local rulers, qāḍīs, pearl merchants, tribal shaykhs, and British officials. Drawing on fatwas and correspondence between religious scholars and notables in Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus, Doha, Kuwait and Manama, I examine how Islamic law shaped pearling – the region’s central economic activity – during this critical juncture. I show that Islamic law furnished a structure and repertoire of argumentation that actors in the industry were able to mobilize selectively. I argue that seasonal questions about diver obligations during Ramadan led to broader debates about the economic arrangements that structured the trade, in particular usury and labor coercion. These debates reflect shifting power dynamics in the Gulf and the impact of new ideas about Islam and capitalism in the age of print.
Dianoia & Plato’s Divided Line
Authors: Storey Damien 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper takes a detailed look at the Republic’s Divided Line analogy and considers how we should respond to its most contentious implication: that pistis and dianoia have the same degree of ‘clarity’ (σαφήνεια). It argues that we must take this implication at face value and that doing so allows us to better understand both the analogy and the nature of dianoia.
The nematode genus Haliplectus Cobb, 1913 (Chromadorea: Haliplectidae): phylogenetic relationships, description of a new species from the Persian Gulf, southern Iran, and a tabular key to valid species
Authors: Gharahkhani Azadeh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Leduc Daniel , Pedram Majid 
Published: April 2022

Summary
The family Haliplectidae is reported from Iran for the first time and Haliplectus iranicus sp. n., from a mangrove forest in the Persian Gulf, is described. The new species is characterised by one ventromedian supplement near to cloacal aperture and a group of three supplements, 10-15 μm anterior to cloacal opening, absence of protuberant caudal papillae and tail sexual dimorphism. A tabular key containing morphometric data and morphological information of 26 valid Haliplectus species is presented. Near full length SSU rDNA sequences are provided for H. iranicus sp. n. Our SSU analysis strongly indicates that Haliplectus does not belong to the order Plectida as in the current classification, and confirms the monophyly of Haliplectus based upon currently available data, but phylogenetic relationships of the genus remain uncertain. In fact, the classification of Haliplectidae is considered incerta sedis within the class Chromadorea.
Religion as a Security Threat
Authors: Hassan Hamdy A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Religious extremism presents an ideological perspective found in most major religions and is currently associated with various forms of religiously motivated acts of violence. A conceptual framework is adopted to study the warning features of religious extremism and apply it to case studies of Nigeria, Uganda, and the Central African Republic (CAR). The application of a religious jihadism model to Christianity provides a comparative basis for assessing Islamic radical jihadism, helping to understand religion as a security threat, with particular reference to Christian contexts and examples. Using extremist rhetoric and the mobilization of Christian rituals, members of religious groups attempt to renegotiate their position in the public space within a society from which they are excluded due to political, social, and economic dynamics based on their exclusion. This study finds no significant difference between Islamic jihad and Christian jihad, as each seeks to politically exploit religion for political ends.
Dialogic Interactions: Communication between Human Being and God according to the Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Alon-Altman Talya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines the communication between human being and God in the Jewish philosophy of the German-Jewish philosopher, Franz Rosenzweig (1886–1929). It observes Rosenzweig’s Jewish philosophy in light of communication theories and wishes to use the theoretical wealth of this relatively new discipline—communication—in order to deepen the philosophical discussion. The encounter described in this article is not an encounter that takes place in Rosenzweig’s writings, but rather an attempt to bring Rosenzweig into dialogue with modern theories of communication. This new perspective can enrich our view of philosophy of religion and to offer a new perception of communication.
Hobbes and the Indirect Workings of Political Consent
Authors: Ramelet Laetitia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper brings to light an unexplored aspect of Hobbes’s argument that political authority rests upon subjects’ consent. Consent enacts a transfer of subjects’ right of nature to the sovereign, yet she already possesses a natural right to everything. What moral difference, then, does this make to her possession of power, and how? In my reading, the difference lies in the rise of new obligations befalling the sovereign by means of an indirect mechanism: That many individuals, hoping for safety, transfer their right of nature to the sovereign triggers an obligation for her to accept the role of a ruler and perform the duties attached to it, for the sake of the peace enjoined by the laws of nature. This reading should also confirm the possibility of a consensual foundation for the Hobbesian right to punish and shed new light on Hobbes’s notion of tacit consent.
Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic Council: A Unique Feature?
Authors: Alfredsson Gudmundur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The website of the Arctic Council rather proudly refers to the designation of Indigenous peoples as ‘permanent participants’ in the Council’s work as a unique feature, but some Indigenous leaders are less than fully satisfied. In this article it is argued that this arrangement in significant ways falls behind the role of Indigenous peoples in the United Nations, in particular its human rights and environment programs. Drawing on this comparison, the article concludes with placing a few suggestions before the Arctic Council.
From Victims to Contributors: A Human Rights Approach to Climate Change for the Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic
Authors: Osakada Yuko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A human rights approach to climate change, which has been claimed by the Indigenous peoples, consisted of procedural and substantive demands. Their procedural demands have mostly been realized in establishing the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform and the LCIP Platform Facilitative Working Group (FWG), where they can participate on equal footing with state parties. It could be argued that the LCIP Platform and the FWG have empowered Indigenous peoples who have hitherto been perceived as mere victims of climate change by making them contributors who provide their traditional knowledge related to addressing and responding to climate change. By contrast, their substantive demands have been imperfectly accepted. This might be improved in the Platform’s future activities. In doing so, the Inuit leader has pointed out that it is important to distinguish between local communities and Indigenous peoples in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) processes. This article will argue its feasibility depends on Indigenous peoples’ further efforts to convince state parties to accept such distinctions based on the applicability of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The Role of Governance in Promoting the Resilience of Arctic Communities
Authors: Westrate Rachel , Mackie Sarah E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Arctic Indigenous communities have faced, and overcome, threats to their lifestyles, livelihoods and communities for thousands of years and in doing so have maintained communities with deep cultural roots and close connections to the land on which they live. Modern Arctic Indigenous communities also face threats to their existence. These threats range from the environmental impacts of climate change forcing wholescale relocation of an entire village to noise from oil and gas exploration causing the relocation of the whale migration out of reach of hunters.
The article examines the concept of resilience and the role which governance can play in promoting the resilience of Arctic communities, and therefore their ability not only to survive but also to thrive. The article develops a theory of resilience, dividing types of resilience into in-situ and ex-situ resilience to allow the comparison of seemingly disparate examples. Through the use of a systematic comparative case analysis technique, the article explores the lessons which can be learned about the role of good governance in ensuring the promotion of resilience in Arctic communities in the future.