bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted prostate biopsy: 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT vs. mpMRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Pepe Pietro , Pepe Ludovica , Tamburo Maria , Marletta Giulia , Pennisi Michele , Fraggetta Filippo 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-prostate-speciﬁc membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomog-raphy (PET/CT) vs. multiparametric magnetic resonance imag-ing (mpMRI) targeted biopsy (TPBx) in the diagnosis of clinical-ly signiﬁcant prostate cancer (csPCa: Grade Group ≥ 2).
Materials and methods: From January 2021 to June 2022, 100 patients (median age: 66 years) with negative digital rectal examination underwent transperineal prostate biopsy for abnor-mal PSA values (median 7.5 ng/ml). Before prostate biopsy, all patients underwent mpMRI and 68Ga-PET/CT examinations and mpMRI (PI-RADS version 2 ≥ 3) or 68Ga-PET/CT index lesions suspicious for cancer (SUVmax > 5 g/ml) underwent cognitive targeted cores (mpMRI-TPBx and PSMA-TPBx: four cores) com-bined with extended systematic prostate biopsy (eSPBx: median 18 cores). The procedure was performed transperineally using a tru-cut 18-gauge needle under sedation and antibiotic prophy-laxis. Results: PCa was found in 58/100 (58.0%) men; in detail, 44/58 (75.9%) were csPCa; mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA showed 66/100 (66%) and 62/100 (60%) lesions suspicious for PCa, respective-ly. 68Ga-PSMA-TPBx vs. mpMRI-TPBx vs. eSPBx diagnosed 42 (95.4%) vs. 36 (81.8%) vs. 30 (68.2%) csPCa, respectively; mpMRI-TPBx vs. 68Ga-PSMA-TPBx showed a diagnostic accuracy of 76.9% vs. 84.9% in diagnosing csPCa.
Conclusions: 68GaPSMA PET/CT TPBx demonstrated good accuracy in the diagnosis of csPCa, which was not inferior to mpMRI TPBx (84.9% vs. 76.9%) improving the detection rate for cancer of systematic biopsy.
Is there an Influence of Match and Mismatch of Venous Drainage Pattern on AVM Hemorrhagic Presentation?
Authors: Lv Xianli , Yu Jianjun , Zhao Xuelian , Zhang Huifang , Zhang Xinyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To analyze whether there is an influence of match and mismatch of venous drainage patterns on arteriovenous malformation (AVM) hemorrhagic presentation.

Methods:
Consecutive 161 patients of AVM between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Venous drainage was considered deep or superficial. Match of venous drainage pattern was defined as a superficial AVM with only superficial venous drainage or a deep AVM with deep venous drainage. Mismatch of venous drainage pattern was defined as a superficial AVM involving a deep venous drainage. Univariate analysis was used to assess the influence of match and mismatch of venous drainage pattern on AVM hemorrhagic presentation.

Results:
AVM location and venous drainage were matched in 116 patients, including superficial location with superficial venous drainage or deep location with deep venous drainage, and were mismatched in 45 patients, including superficial location with deep venous drainage. The rupture proportion of mismatch venous drainage pattern was statistically comparable to that of deep location with deep drainage (P = 0.819). However, superficial location with deep venous drainage was statistically associated with a higher rupture percentage than that of superficial location with superficial venous drainage (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Mismatch venous drainage pattern or an exclusively deep venous drainage is associated with an initial clinical presentation with an AVM hemorrhage.
An Ergonomic Neuroendoscopic Instrument Handle Design using 3D Printing
Authors: Singh Ramandeep , Suri Ashish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Minimally invasive neurosurgery poses several challenges to surgeons due to constrained working environment, and its implications on the surgical outcome are an area of growing concern. The instrument handle design directly affects surgeon's performance, and the conventional ring handle causes ergonomic discomfort.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to design and validate a palm grasping-based ergonomic handle for skull-base neuroendoscopic instruments.

Materials and Methods:
The handle was designed based on the palm grasping technique and to naturally match the contours of hand. The ergonomic handle was fabricated and assembled with the end-effector of biopsy forceps. Fifteen participants with no experience of neuroendoscopic procedures validated the ergonomic handle. During data collection, participants performed the ring transfer task on straight, right tilt (+30°) and left tilt (-30°) of activity plates of neuro-endo-trainer (NET) with 0° and 30° endoscopes.

Results:
Feedback from participants indicated that there was significant improvement in degree of discomfort in performing the task on straight (P = 0.006) and tilted plate (P = 0.001) and degree of pain (0.0001) using the ergonomic handle. Furthermore, video analysis of the performed task shows that there was statistical improvement in hitting events (P = 0.001, P = 0.04), tugging events (P = 0.00001, P = 0.00001,) and picking attempts (P = 0.04, P = 0.0004) on straight and tilted plates, respectively. There was reduction in ring drop, jerk, and average moving time, but results were not significant.

Conclusion:
The subjective validation of ergonomic handle by neurosurgeons shows that the designed handle offers ergonomic advantages. Objective validation by video analysis shows that the ergonomic handle results in better task performance on NET surgical trainer.
Evaluation of Single Exon Deletions in DMD/BMD
Authors: Dama Tavisha , Chheda Pratiksha , Limaye Shweta , Pande Shailesh , Vinarkar Sushant 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Oftentimes, a variation at the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) probe binding site leads to improper hybridrization/ligation of the probe showing up as a deletion of an exon leading to false positive results for the detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)/Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).

Objective:
Investigating cases with single exon deletion using an alternate method [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sequencing] for confirmation of the deletion.

Methods:
We evaluated males with single exon deletion (n = 49) in our study population (2015-2019). Forty-six were confirmed by an alternate method (conventional PCR/Sanger's sequencing) to confirm the deletion.

Results:
We observed 25.12% single exon deletions in our study cohort. Further evaluation determined a false positive rate of 6.12%. Three out of 49 single exon deletions had a point mutation near the probe-binding site, indicating a false positive result. Single exon deletions, thus, need to be evaluated with extreme caution, and point mutations, if any, need to be characterized to determine the nature of their pathogenicity.
An Institutional Experience and Literature Review on Iatrogenic Major Vascular Injury in Neurosurgery
Authors: Nangarwal Bhawan , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Khatri Deepak , Sharma Ashish , Singh Vivek , Maurya Vedprakash , Verma Pawan , Sardhara Jayesh , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Major vessel injury is among the most dreaded complications of any neurosurgical procedure. Once intraoperatively tamponaded, it can present in the form of pseudoaneurysm, dissecting aneurysm or complete occlusion of vessel. These injuries are often associated with very high morbidity and mortality. The literature available on this topic is limited and our understanding remains limited.

Objective:
In this article, we present our surgical experience with iatrogenic aneurysms and present a review of literature.

Methods and Material:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with major vessel injury during surgery from a prospectively maintained database from January 2012 to February 2020.

Results:
A total of 15 patients developed iatrogenic aneurysms following a major vessel injury during various neurosurgical procedures. The most common vessel injured was vertebral artery (n = 9) in craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) followed by internal carotid artery injury (n = 5) in sellar and parasellar pathologies. One patient developed basilar artery injury during endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Eight patients had pseudoaneurysm and seven had dissecting aneurysm with or without complete thrombosis of the involved artery. A total of two patients died after vascular injury and remaining thirteen patients survived and discharged.

Conclusions:
The adage “prevention is better than cure” applies most aptly in such cases. Any major vessel injury should be followed by immediate angiography and subsequent early management. The endovascular management is more favorable as these aneurysms are difficult to clip due to the absence of a neck and fragile wall.
Women in Neurosurgery – The Road Less Traveled
Authors: Shah Abhidha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neurosurgery is one of the most challenging branches in medicine. Apart from rigorous training, it demands precision, perfection, and excellence. It calls for a kind of stubborn confidence in self and the will to go well beyond. It has always been a male-dominated speciality, and the path for women in neurosurgery was paved by a handful of female surgeons who took “the road less traveled.” These pioneering few had to face a number of obstacles to attain their dreams, but their persistence prevailed and has set the route for future. This article highlights the progress of women in neurosurgery in India.
Perioperative Variation in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter – A Prospective Observational Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Undergoing Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Suresh Varun , Ushakumari P R , Aggarwal Anurag , Kumar Arun , Kutty Raja K , Prabhakar Rajmohan B , Peethambaran Anilkumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transbulbar ultrasonography (TBUS) can suffice non-invasive ICP measurement with considerable accuracy.

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the perioperative variation in ONSD by TBUS in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients undergoing emergency craniectomy.

Methods:
We prospectively compared bilateral ONSD measurements in 45 consecutive TBI cases undergoing decompressive craniectomy under general anesthesia; before and after surgery. A total of 180 ONSD images were obtained and measurements were done by the same investigator blinded to the pre/postoperative nature of the image.

Results:
Based on preoperative Glasgow Coma Scores, 34 cases (75.5%) had severe TBI; 10 cases (22.2%) moderate TBI; and 1 case (2.2%) mild TBI. Preoperative ONSD in the study population were as 6.625 ± 0.414mm. Average ONSD reduced significantly by 0.249 ± 0.148 mm (P < 0.001) after craniectomy. On pooled analysis of cases undergoing right versus left sided craniectomy average ONSD reduced significantly by 0.252 ± 0.173 mm (P < 0.001) and 0.259 ± 0.139 mm (P < 0.001), respectively. ONSD of right eye with left eye and vice-versa were strongly correlated both pre/postoperatively with Pearson correlation coefficients (r)=0.879 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.827 (P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
In TBI cases undergoing decompressive craniectomy ONSD is bilaterally increased preoperatively. ONSD reduces significantly immediately after craniectomy; however, the diameters did not near the normal range. There hold a strong correlation between right/left ONSD measurements irrespective of the laterality of injury or side of surgery. Variable elastic properties of ONS in an injured brain can possibly explain our findings.
Intraventricular Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Dash Chinmaya , Moorthy Skanda , Garg Kanwaljeet , Sawarkar Dattaraj , Singh Pankaj K , Kaur Kavneet , Suri Vaishali , Kumar Amandeep , Gurjar Hitesh , Borkar Sachin , Chandra P Sarat , Kale Sasank Sarad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background :
Intraventricular pilocytic astrocytomas are a rare occurrence, accounting for approximately 4% -15.6% of all pilocytic astrocytomas . The aim of the study was to describe the radiology, surgical management and outcome in 15 patients with histopathologically proven intraventricular pilocytic astrocytoma(IVPA).

Objective :
To study the clinical presentation radiology and operative challenges in rare intra ventricular pilocytic astrocytomas.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2010 and August 2018, 15 patients with histopathologically proven IVPA were identified. The radiological images were obtained from PACS. Patient and surgical details were obtained from the computerized discharge summary, OT records and operative notes, whereas follow up was obtained from the record section.

Results:
Headache with progressive loss of vision was the most common presentation. Duration of symptoms varied from 4 months to 2 years (mean 9. 88 months). Except one patient, all patients with preoperative CT scan revealed calcifications in the lesion, with extensive calcification in 3 patients. All the tumors were predominantly hypointense on T1WI and iso to hyperintense on T2WI. Lesion in all patients showed heterogenous contrast enhancement on post gadolinium images. Mean blood loss in the series was 1969 ml (range 250 ml- 4500 ml). There was one death in this series due to meningitis and septic shock.

Conclusion:
IVPAs are rare tumors and are difficult to diagnose in the preoperative period based on the radiologic profile alone. These tumors can be extremely vascular with potential for massive blood loss. These tumors can be associated with extensive calcification and the calcified tumors have less bleeding as expected.
Effects of Combination Therapy with Bunium persicum and Foeniculum vulgare Extracts on Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Aliakbari Fatemeh , Naghdipour Mirsadeghi Misa , Hashemi Elmira , Rahimi-Madiseh Mohammad , Mohammadi Belgheis 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Considering the side effects of common drugs used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), researchers have turned their attention to natural compounds, including medicinal plants. Foeniculum vulgare has estrogenic properties and has been traditionally used to treat gynecological disorders. Bunium persicum has medical aspects that have not yet been evaluated, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with these extracts on clinical symptoms of women with PCOS.

Materials and Methods:
In this double-blind clinical trial study, 70 women with PCOS referred to infertility clinics, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received B. persicum capsule 60 mg plus F. vulgare capsule 25 mg) twice daily for 4 months and the control groups received routine intervention. Before and after the intervention, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, hirsutism score, and menstrual pattern were recorded and endometrial thickness and follicle count were determined by ultrasound. Data were analyzed by the SPSS21 software.

Results:
Treatment with B. persicum and F. vulgare extracts significantly decreased LH and DHEAS levels, hirsutism score, and significantly increased menstrual duration compared to the control group. Before the intervention, 5.7% of the intervention and control groups had the normal menstrual pattern, while after the intervention 31.4% of the intervention group and 25.7% of the control group had the normal pattern.

Conclusion:
Regarding the effect of these extracts combination and because they have no side-effects, which is a great advantage over chemical drugs, using of these plants recommend.
BAT25, ACVR2, and TGFBR2 Mononucleotide STR Markers
Authors: Miar Paniz , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Abdollahi Zeinab , Noruzi Mahnaz , Kazemi Mohammad , Naimi Azar , Emami Mohammad Hasan , Izadi Shahrokh , Zeinalian Mehrdad 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is considered as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. MSI is a consequence of mismatch repair deficiency which is evaluated using the different microsatellite markers on the whole genome. In this pilot study, the diagnostic value of a novel triplex panel including three mononucleotide markers has been evaluated in comparison to the standard Promega kit for MSI testing in CRC patients with Amsterdam II criteria.

Materials and Methods:
DNA extracted from tumors and normal Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues of index cases from 37 HNPCC (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) families were evaluated for MSI state. Primer design for three markers, including BAT25, ACVR2, and TGFBR2, was performed using 19 nucleotides of the M-13 phage. The instability of each marker was assessed through fragment analysis in comparison with Promega kit markers for all patients. The sensitivity and specificity of each marker have been calculated.

Results:
The comparative evaluation of MSI in both tumors and normal adjacent FFPE tissues demonstrated a separate sensitivity as 100%, 83.3%, and 76.9% for BAT25, ACVR2, and TGFBR2, respectively, and 100% sensitivity in the form of a triplex. Moreover, the specificity for each of these three markers in MSI testing was estimated as 100%, separately and in the form of the triplex in comparison with the Promega pentaplex standard Kit.

Conclusions:
A high sensitivity and specificity for the novel triplex panel in MSI-testing were estimated among Iranian patients. More studies are recommended to confirm this panel as a diagnostic kit for MSI testing.
Toxoplasmosis Infection in Newborn
Authors: Akbari Mehran , Azadi Davood , Habibi Danial , Khodashenas Sahar , Shariatmadari Fakhreddin , Abedi Behnam 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, and one-third of the world's population has T. gondii antibodies. Due to this issue, the aim of this study was to assess the mean prevalence and odds ratios of T. gondii infection and epidemiological features of neonatal infection worldwide.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review of published studies reporting T. gondii infection using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus electronic databases through January 1999 to December 2020, regarding diagnostic tests, and prevalence data of infection among the newborn population. The pooled prevalence of T. gondii with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random-effects models.

Results:
A total of thirty eligible articles were included. The estimated global prevalence rate was 44% (95% CI: 29%–0.58%); the highest prevalence rate was in America 47% (95% CI: 30%–64%), followed by Europe 41% (95% CI: 26%–57%) and Asia 33% (95% CI: 4%–61%). In this study, despite our careful analysis of possible modifiers, the heterogeneity was significant (P = 0.000). The publication bias was not significant based on the results of Egger's (P = 0.918) and Begg's tests (P = 0.230).

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, T. gondii infection can be a serious concern in newborns around the world. Therefore, further research is needed to provide better strategies to screen and diagnose T. gondii infection in neonates and determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of infection in neonates worldwide.
Nadir prostate-specific antigen as a prognostic factor of 10-year cancer-specific survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases
Authors: Hung Chi-Feng , Wang Tsung-Wei , Yang Cheng-Kuang , Yang Yung-Cheng , Jou Yeong-Chin , Ou Yen-Chuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
In Taiwan, the proportion of men with newly diagnosed bony metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is approximately 30%. The present study aims to determine the 10-year cancer-specific survival rate and clinical prognostic factors of men with newly diagnosed bone metastatic PC that were treated with hormone therapy.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 1983 and December 2008, 257 patients with bone metastatic PC were identified at initial diagnosis. Clinical and pathological data were collected from their medical chart records. Performance status, body mass index, clinical symptoms, initial serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), nadir PSA level (nPSA), and treatment modality were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, and Cox regression analysis for investigating the relationship between the clinical factors and disease survival.

Results:
The average follow-up time was 36.4 months (±29.1 months) and the median survival time was 58.1 months. Using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, the overall 10-year survival rate was 33%. The multivariate Cox regression hazard model revealed that patients with a posttreatment nPSA level >10 ng/mL have a higher probability of death than those with an nPSA <0.5 ng/mL (Hazard ration: 2.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–5.97, P = 0.020).

Conclusion:
Posttreatment nadir serum PSA level significantly influences the survival of patients with bone metastatic PC. A lower limit of 0.5 ng/mL for the nPSA level is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in patients initially diagnosed with bone metastatic PC and treated with hormone therapy.
Left or right is right? Ectopic gallbladder
Authors: Chand Jithin T. , Tharakan George G. , Sebastian George M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ectopic gallbladder (GB) is a rare entity with an incidence of <1%. True left-sided GB (LSG), i.e., GB seen under the left lobe of the liver and to the left of the falciform ligament, presents as a surgical problem on table, due to its unusual presentation and lack of findings on imaging. What we may perceive as an LSG on the table, may in fact be a normally located GB under the right lobe but with the ligamentum teres being attached to the right lobe, giving the appearance of a left-sided gallbladder. Here, we are presenting a case of a true LSG which was discovered on table. By minimizing the use of electrocautery and placing an additional port along with the traditional ports in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, we were able to perform a successful cholecystectomy.
Forecasting of Atopic Dermatitis in Newborns
Authors: Hajiyeva Nurangiz , Gafarov Ismail , Hajiyeva Adelya , Sultanova Nailya , Panahova Tahira 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Early forecasting of any pathological process is of great significance from both medical and economic point of view. An illness requires much more attention in the light of exhaustion of resources of the body, and a doctor should be maximally aware of the near and far future of a patient. In this regard, the preparation of forecasting programs on a mathematical basis would be a rational and, most probably, the only true approach to the solution of forecasting.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the article is to study the forecasting of atopic dermatitis (AD) in newborns.

Methodology:
The authors studied 109 clinical and laboratory indicators in children without and with AD. Discriminant analysis was used as an algorithm for the resolution of diagnostic issues.

Results:
The main indicators acceptable as a forecasting criterion in the formation of AD in children were defined. The sensitivity, specificity, and general diagnostic value of statistically valid differing factors in the formation of AD were studied. Key rules of the forecast were formed after processing all indicators through the KU–Kruskal–Wallis discriminant criterion, a universal computer method.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the power of influence of rhinitis, cluster of differentiation 31, mucin 2, and intestinal trefoil factor 3 are higher in the AD model.