bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological variability based on lipid biomarkers in astrobiologically interesting wetlands from the Argentinian central Andes
Authors: Carrizo Daniel , Vignale Federico A , Sánchez-García Laura , Farías María E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Andean wetlands hold extremophilic communities adapted to live in harsh conditions. Here, we investigated the microbial ecology of three high-altitude hypersaline ponds from La Puna region (Argentina) showing an increasing extent of desiccation by analyzing their lipid sedimentary record. We recreated the microbial community structure and the carbon metabolisms in each lacustrine system based on the molecular distribution of lipid biomarkers and their compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopic signatures. We detected lipid compounds considered to be biomarkers of cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, and archaea in the three Andean ponds, as well as diatoms in the intermediate salinity system. The relative abundance of purple sulfur and sulfate-reducing bacteria decreased with salinity, whereas cyanobacteria and archaea decreased their relative abundance in the mid-saline pond to increase it again and became both prevailing at the highest salinity. Carbon fixation in the three ponds was driven by a combination of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, and the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway. This work is the first to describe molecular and isotopic lipid fingerprints in wetlands from the central Andean Puna, and serves as a basis for further biogeochemical studies in the area.
A newly discovered Anglo-Lusignan truce (8 January 1222)
Authors: Pélissié du Rausas Amicie , Vincent Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 1220 Queen Isabella, King John’s widow and mother to King Henry III, married the Poitevin lord, Hugh of Lusignan. The match generated tensions at the English court, which were partly resolved by a newly discovered truce of 1222, presented here. The existence of this document had been widely assumed but never proved. The document itself reveals the territorial deal brokered by Henry III: one of the earliest in a long series of written agreements between the Lusignans and the Plantagenets. More generally, it sheds light on thirteenth-century truce-making, marital diplomacy and Anglo-French politics.
What will and won’t happen when abortion is banned
Authors: Oberman Michelle 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For the past 50 years, abortion opponents have fought for the power to ban abortion without little attention to how things might change when they won. The battle to make abortion illegal has been predicated on three nebulous assumptions about how abortion bans work. First, supporters believe banning abortion will deter it. Second, they hope bans will send a message about abortion—specifically, that abortion is immoral. And third, they expect bans to be competently implemented and enforced. Drawing on empirical work from within and outside of the U.S., this Article offers an evidence-based assessment of each of these assumptions. Part One examines the question of deterrence by exploring findings from countries with relatively high and relatively low abortion rates. After explaining why restrictive abortion laws alone do not reduce aggregate abortion rates, I consider the matter of individual deterrence. By identifying those most likely to be deterred by U.S. abortion bans, I illustrate how abortion bans intersect with structural inequalities to disproportionately impact poor women of color and their children. Part Two tests the idea that abortion bans send a message. I consider the bans’ meaning in context with U.S. laws and policies affecting families, exposing the difference between laws discouraging abortion, and those encouraging childbirth. Then, drawing from literature on the expressive function of the law, I assess the limits on the message-sending capacity of abortion bans in a society divided over abortion and over its commitment to children living in poverty. Part Three turns to the expectation that abortion bans will be competently enforced, noting the legitimacy struggles arising from law enforcement patterns, along with the administrative challenges inherent in overseeing the various exceptions to abortion bans. This article concludes by considering why the consequences and limitations of abortion bans should matter to supporters and opponents, alike.
Dynamics and Impacts of Transposable Element Proliferation in the Drosophila nasuta Species Group Radiation
Authors: Wei Kevin H.-C. , Mai Dat , Chatla Kamalakar , Bachtrog Doris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Transposable element (TE) mobilization is a constant threat to genome integrity. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved robust defensive mechanisms to suppress their activity, yet TEs can escape suppression and proliferate, creating strong selective pressure for host defense to adapt. This genomic conflict fuels a never-ending arms race that drives the rapid evolution of TEs and recurrent positive selection of genes involved in host defense; the latter has been shown to contribute to postzygotic hybrid incompatibility. However, how TE proliferation impacts genome and regulatory divergence remains poorly understood. Here, we report the highly complete and contiguous (N50 = 33.8–38.0 Mb) genome assemblies of seven closely related Drosophila species that belong to the nasuta species group—a poorly studied group of flies that radiated in the last 2 My. We constructed a high-quality de novo TE library and gathered germline RNA-seq data, which allowed us to comprehensively annotate and compare TE insertion patterns between the species, and infer the evolutionary forces controlling their spread. We find a strong negative association between TE insertion frequency and expression of genes nearby; this likely reflects survivor bias from reduced fitness impact of TEs inserting near lowly expressed, nonessential genes, with limited TE-induced epigenetic silencing. Phylogenetic analyses of insertions of 147 TE families reveal that 53% of them show recent amplification in at least one species. The most highly amplified TE is a nonautonomous DNA element (Drosophila INterspersed Element; DINE) which has gone through multiple bouts of expansions with thousands of full-length copies littered throughout each genome. Across all TEs, we find that TEs expansions are significantly associated with high expression in the expanded species consistent with suppression escape. Thus, whereas horizontal transfer followed by the invasion of a naïve genome has been highlighted to explain the long-term survival of TEs, our analysis suggests that evasion of host suppression of resident TEs is a major strategy to persist over evolutionary times. Altogether, our results shed light on the heterogenous and context-dependent nature in which TEs affect gene regulation and the dynamics of rampant TE proliferation amidst a recently radiated species group.
Hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients undergoing Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis with standard dialysis solutions
Authors: Di Mario Francesca , Regolisti Giuseppe , Maggiore Umberto , Pacchiarini Maria Chiara , Menegazzo Brenda , Greco Paolo , Maccari Caterina , Zambrano Cristina , Cantarelli Chiara , Pistolesi Valentina , Morabito Santo , Fiaccadori Enrico 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
In patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Kidney Replacement Therapy (KRT) is an important risk factor for hypophosphataemia. However, studies addressing the development of hypophosphatemia during prolonged intermittent KRT modalities are lacking. Thus, we evaluated the incidence of hypophosphatemia during Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) in ICU patients; we also examined the determinants of post-SLED serum phosphate level (s-P) and the relation between s-P and phosphate supplementation and ICU mortality.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis on a cohort of critically ill patients with severe renal failure and KRT need, who underwent at least three consecutive SLED sessions at 24–72 h time intervals with daily monitoring of s-P concentration. SLED with Regional Citrate Anticoagulation (RCA) was performed with either conventional dialysis machines or continuous-KRT monitors and standard dialysis solutions. When deemed necessary by the attending physician, intravenous phosphate supplementation was provided by sodium glycerophosphate pentahydrate. We used mixed-effect models to examine the determinants of s-P and Cox proportional hazards regression models with time-varying covariates to examine the adjusted relation between s-P, intravenous phosphate supplementation and ICU mortality.

Results
We included 65 patients [mean age 68 years (SD 10.0); mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 25 (range 9–40)] who underwent 195 SLED sessions. The mean s-P before the start of the first SLED session (baseline s-P) was 5.6 ± 2.1 mg/dL (range 1.5–12.3). Serum phosphate levels at the end of each SLED decreased with increasing age, SLED duration and number of SLED sessions (P &lt; .05 for all). The frequency of hypophosphatemia increased after the first through the third SLED session (P = .012). Intravenous phosphate supplementation was scheduled after 12/45 (26.7%) SLED sessions complicated by hypophosphataemia. The overall ICU mortality was 23.1% (15/65). In Cox regression models, after adjusting for potential confounders and for current s-P, intravenous phosphate supplementation was associated with a decrease in ICU mortality [adjusted hazard ratio: 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.06 to 0.89; P = 0.033)].

Conclusions
Hypophosphatemia is a frequent complication in critically ill patients undergoing SLED with standard dialysis solutions, that worsens with increasing SLED treatment intensity. In patients undergoing daily SLED, phosphate supplementation is strongly associated with reduced ICU mortality.
Personal Identity and Meaning in Life
Authors: Schechtman Marya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the connection between personal identity and meaning in life. It begins with a popular understanding of identity as defined by a core set of commitments and values and shows how this can be connected to an understanding of meaning as involving purposeful activity and direction. Next it considers an objection to this picture from the work of Galen Strawson. This serves as a springboard to the development of a more expansive picture of personal identity, intermediate between the strong unity found in ‘core-self’ views and the weak unity described by Strawson. It concludes with a discussion of how this intermediate view adds nuance to the dispute between Strawson and core-self views, as well as implying a different, more controversial, understanding of meaning.
Hard Determinism and Meaning in Life
Authors: Pereboom Derk 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins by defending a sceptical view about free will, of which hard determinism is the main representative, by providing a schematic version of the author’s arguments against the leading positions that affirm free will. Compatibilism is challenged by the four-case manipulation argument, event-causal libertarianism by the disappearing agent argument, and agent-causal libertarianism by the argument from irreconcilability with the laws of nature. A significant objection to free will scepticism is that it cannot preserve the sense of meaning in life. Objections that focus on the sense of achievement and the possibility of meaningful personal relationships are addressed. Lastly, the rationality of hope for humanity, supposing the absence of free will, both on theistic and non-theistic grounds, is defended.
Meaning in Life and the Nature of Time
Authors: Markosian Ned 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many of the leading accounts of what makes a life meaningful are goal-based theories, according to which it is the pursuit of some specific goal (such as love for things that are worthy of love) that gives meaning to our lives. In this chapter, the author considers how these goal-based theories of meaning in life interact with the two main theories of the nature of time that have been defended in the recent metaphysics literature, namely, The Dynamic Theory of Time and The Static Theory of Time. He argues that The Dynamic Theory fits well with goal-based theories of meaning in life, but The Static Theory does not. The chapter closes with some thoughts about what a Static Theorist should make of this conclusion.
Mysticism, Ritual, and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Bennett-Hunter Guy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Contemporary philosophical debates about life and meaning often include discussions of religion (especially the relative merits of atheism and theism), but they tend to ignore mysticism, which offers a distinctive perspective on the division between naturalist and supernaturalist theories of life’s meaning. This chapter examines the relationships between mysticism, ritual practices, and life’s meaning through the philosophical lens of existential phenomenology—a perspective that also cuts across subjectivism and objectivism. It endorses the view that the meaning of life can only be explained in terms of the concept of ineffability and defines mysticism as the experience of ineffability, which is inassimilable to the binary categories of naturalism and supernaturalism, theism and atheism. It argues that it is pre-eminently through such mystical experience that life’s meaning is apprehended. Given the transience and passivity of mystical experience, it explores the role of ritual in cultivating an otherwise elusive sense of life’s meaning.
Love and Meaning in Life
Authors: Goldman Alan H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As discussed in this chapter, those who are in love find their lives more meaningful than they were before. The right analyses of love and meaning in life show why this is so. Love is an emotion. Emotions include behavioural dispositions, which in the case of love include long-term commitment to share one’s life story. Lives have meaning when events within them fit into intelligible narratives. The deepest meanings derive from the most extended narratives, linking many events over time into significant patterns, especially when these narratives are shared with others. One’s love interests, whether romantic or not (things and pursuits one loves), are the primary sources of an individual’s most extended personal narratives. Whether these stories proceed smoothly, overcome obstacles, or end happily or sadly, the link between the long-term commitment of love and the narrative account of meaning in life shows why love is the most important source of such meaning.
Gratitude and Meaning in Life
Authors: Manela Tony 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes two attitudes often referred to as ‘gratitude’—prepositional gratitude and appreciation—and it explores the ways that each of these attitudes influences meaning in life. It argues that prepositional gratitude, the fitting response to benevolence, enhances meaning in life by bolstering one’s sense of self-worth, motivating altruistic behaviour, fostering deep social relationships, and integrating individuals into communities. But it can also leave individuals burdened with commitments, in the form of debts of gratitude; and if one owes gratitude but fails to respond appropriately or fails to balance gratitude against other virtues, one risks the sort of immoral behaviour that could undermine meaningfulness in a life. Appreciation, like prepositional gratitude, can bring meaning to life in several ways. It can motivate meaningful projects, for instance, and connect individuals to value. But appreciating the wrong things, or appreciating the right things too little or too much, can undermine meaning in life as well.
Meaning and Anti-Meaning in Life
Authors: Nyholm Sven , Campbell Stephen M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While it is widely thought that activities and lives can be meaningful or meaningless, this chapter explores the possibility that they could also be ‘anti-meaningful’. Anti-meaning is the opposite of meaning. This chapter has two main objectives: first, it discusses what anti-meaning is (or could be taken to be); second, it discusses whether there are good reasons to add this unfamiliar notion to our set of concepts for thinking about meaning in life. The authors review the limited literature on this topic, distinguish two formal interpretations of the idea of anti-meaning, and propose different substantive theories of anti-meaning that correspond to leading theories of meaning. They then defend the notion of anti-meaning against scepticism about the usefulness of this concept.
Education and Meaning in Life
Authors: de Ruyter Doret , Schinkel Anders 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the relation between education and meaning in life. People experience meaning in life when they (a) can make sense of their life and the(ir) world, (b) have purpose in life, and (c) experience significance and that they matter. The chapter describes how family life and parental upbringing, as well as students’ participation in schools and teachers’ education, can make positive and unique contributions to children’s (future) meaning in life. It concludes that parents and teachers should open the complex world to help children find their way, present a meaning framework that provides a standpoint from which to evaluate what is significant while also giving sufficient freedom to engage with other views on the good life, and develop relationships with children that foster their feelings that they matter while at the same time instilling a desire and sense of responsibility to matter to others.
Virtual Reality and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Danaher John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is commonly assumed that a virtual life would be less meaningful (perhaps even meaningless). As virtual reality technologies develop and become more integrated into everyday lives, this poses a challenge for those who care about meaning in life. In this chapter, it is argued that the common assumption about meaninglessness and virtuality is mistaken. After clarifying the distinction between two different visions of virtual reality, four arguments are presented for thinking that meaning is possible in virtual reality. Following this, four objections are discussed and rebutted. The chapter concludes that we can be cautiously optimistic about the possibility of meaning in virtual worlds.
The Meaning of Life and Transcendence
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Atheism and naturalism have become the default positions in academic philosophy, and this is reflected in much of the contemporary work on meaning in life, which assumes what might be called a broadly ‘immanentist’ perspective: the sources of meaning must be sought entirely within the sphere of our purely human pursuits and activities. This chapter, by contrast, lays stress on the yearning for transcendence that seems an ineradicable part of our nature. It is argued that no human life can be fully meaningful if it denies or suppresses that yearning, and that this in turn points to the need for humans to find a vehicle whereby they can enact their longing for an ultimate source of meaning and value that might bring fulfilment and completion to their lives.
Pauline Epistles
Authors: Balabanski Vicky S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the Pauline eschatological vision of cosmic liberation and renewal ecologically as reconciling all things, not just the rift between God and humanity. Beginning with Rom 8:18–23, which portrays creation as a living subject, it examines key interpretive questions, including the passage’s intertextual connection with Gen 3:17–19 and other intertexts. It argues that humanity’s loss of God’s glory (Rom 1:18–23) contrasts with the creation’s ongoing ability to communicate God’s glory, articulated in Psalm19 (cf. Rom 10:18). Creation actively “groans” and “labors” together with humans toward a shared future of freedom and glory. Creation’s subjection to futility and its slavery to perishability (Rom 8:20–21) are analyzed as a twofold problem. The centrality of Christ’s work in creating and reconciling all things is examined in Col 1:15–20, where the cross has cosmic implications for reconciliation and peace-making. Pauline soteriology is examined through an ecological lens, and Pauline ecological ethics are discussed.
Stewardship
Authors: Liederbach Mark D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While the concept of biblical stewardship has been heavily critiqued in recent decades, this chapter argues that a contextual development of Gen 1:27–28 demonstrates that using the biblically normative concept of stewardship is both warranted and an appropriate model for guiding the interaction of God’s image bearers with God’s world. The chapter begins with a discussion of the general concept of stewardship as it is found in the biblical narrative. It then identifies five categories of critiques offered against the use of a stewardship model to guide human interaction with the environment. Following this it explores key elements in the Genesis 1 and 2 creation narratives to show how the grounding of the concept of stewardship in a robust biblical theology enables it to provide a positive model for human interaction with “our Fathers world” (Psalm 24).
City as Sustainable Environment
Authors: Mills Mary E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a basic definition of sustainability as used in environmental ethics before exploring defining the biblical category of city as “walled enclave.” It examines images of security and insecurity in biblical treatments of cities and then sets out the duality of historical references to city space alongside symbolic literary landscapes. The chapter then moves to urban–rural divides and to theology of built environments, leading into comparative use of the concept of apocalypse in contemporary ecological discourse and in major biblical books. Interdisciplinary engagements between biblical and cultural scholarship follows, leading into the theme of attunement and hope.
Leviticus
Authors: Rooke Deborah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The environmental concerns in Leviticus can be divided into two groups: those relating to animals, and those relating to agriculture. The animal-related topics are the system of sacrifices, the list of clean and unclean animals, the ban on nonsacrificial slaughter of domestic animals, and the ban on consuming animal suet and blood. The agricultural topics are instructions about harvesting, regulations for sabbatical years (when land is not cultivated) and Jubilee years (when land is returned to its original owner), and divine punishment via environmental chaos and exile for neglecting the regulations. Taken together, these provisions serve to limit humans’ use of the land and animals, encourage trust in God as the ultimate provider, and promote morally appropriate use of natural resources in a way that maintains a balance between all forms of life and their environment. This is part of what Leviticus views as “being holy.”
Climate Skepticism, Politics, and the Bible
Authors: Lowe Benjamin S. , Lamb Rachel L. , Toly Noah J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the use of Christian scripture by some who doubt the reality, anthropogenesis, or seriousness of climate change. It offers an overview of public opinion surveys and social scientific research on the relationship between religion and climate attitudes in the United States, with a focus on evangelical Christianity as the largest and generally most skeptical religious group. Surveying uses of the Bible by evangelical climate skeptics, the chapter demonstrates various ways in which skeptics—including pastors, policymakers, scholars, and others—draw from scripture to cast doubt on climate science and to advocate against climate action. It outlines the logic behind those uses, explores the limits and contradictions of such logic, and highlights political affinities that may motivate skeptics to interpret and deploy scripture in these ways.