bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of nonconventional yeasts for lipid and hydrocarbon biotechnology
Authors: Rodriguez-Ocasio Efrain , Khalid Ammara , Truka Charles J , Blenner Mark A , Jarboe Laura R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nonconventional yeasts have an untapped potential to expand biotechnology and enable process development necessary for a circular economy. They are especially convenient for the field of lipid and hydrocarbon biotechnology because they offer faster growth than plants and easier scalability than microalgae and exhibit increased tolerance relative to some bacteria. The ability of industrial organisms to import and metabolically transform lipids and hydrocarbons is crucial in such applications. Here, we assessed the ability of 14 yeasts to utilize 18 model lipids and hydrocarbons from six functional groups and three carbon chain lengths. The studied strains covered 12 genera from nine families. Nine nonconventional yeasts performed better than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most common industrial yeast. Rhodotorula toruloides, Candida maltosa, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and Yarrowia lipolytica were observed to grow significantly better and on more types of lipids and lipid molecules than other strains. They were all able to utilize mid- to long-chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, and dicarboxylic acids, including 28 previously unreported substrates across the four yeasts. Interestingly, a phylogenetic analysis showed a short evolutionary distance between the R. toruloides, C. maltosa, and S. stipitis, even though R. toruloides is classified under a different phylum. This work provides valuable insight into the lipid substrate range of nonconventional yeasts that can inform species selection decisions and viability of lipid feedstocks.
Effects of Insect Density, Movement Period, and Temperature on Three-Dimensional Movement and Distribution of Adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Bharathi Vimala S K , Jayas Digvir S , Jian Fuji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Knowledge on three-dimensional (3D) movement and distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in grain bulks assists in the prediction of their distribution inside a bin. The following experiments were conducted to determine the 3D dispersal patterns of adult C. ferrugineus in wheat with 14.5% moisture content: 1) at various insect densities (0.35, 1.77 and 3.53 A/kg (adults/kg) at 20°C and in 24 h movement period; 2) in different movement periods (6, 24, and 72 h) at 20°C and 0.35 A/kg insect density; and 3) at different temperatures (20, 30 and 35°C) at 0.35 A/kg density in 24 h movement period. To create the densities of 0.35, 1.77, and 3.53 A/kg, 100, 500, and 1,000 adults were introduced in about 285 kg wheat, respectively. The 285 kg of wheat was kept in 343 mesh cubes, which in turn were packed in a wooden box. The introduced adults were counted at the end of the movement periods. Adult C. ferrugineus tended to move downward from the point of introduction, and then diffused throughout the grain bulk. The effects of insect densities, movement periods, and temperatures on the dispersion pattern of insects were similar in 1D columns, 2D chambers, and 3D grain bulk.
Incidence and predictors of severe altitude illness symptoms in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Croughs Mieke , Nyakunga Gissela B , Sakita Francis M , Kilonzo Kajiru , Mmbaga Blandina T , Soentjens Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Each year several Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers die due to altitude illness (AI) although urgent descent is technically easily possible. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and predictors of severe altitude illness (SAI) symptoms and of summit success in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers, and the measures taken when AI symptoms develop.

Methods
A prospective observational cohort study in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers was conducted from December 2019 until March 2020. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire at the entrance gate and one at the descend gate. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to study the relations between the variables.

Results
A total of 1237 recreational hikers and 266 porters or guides were included. The incidence of severe symptoms was 8.6% in recreational hikers and 1.5% in porters and guides. One percent (1.1%) of hikers was hospitalized due to SAI. A history of SAI, young age, summit failure and lack of clear advice predicted the development of severe symptoms. Uhuru peak was reached by 87.9% of the hikers. Absence of severe symptoms, acetazolamide prophylaxis, climbing higher in daytime, young age and climbing in more days predicted summit success. The majority climbed further despite the presence of mild or severe symptoms. The only measure taken in case of mild symptoms that was associated with a lower incidence of severe symptoms was not climbing further.

Conclusion
The incidence of SAI symptoms in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers was observed to be high. However, how hikers reacted during symptoms was not appropriate. Therefore, travel health counsellors should emphasize even more that hikers do not ascend higher until mild symptoms have resolved and that it is vital to descend immediately when severe symptoms develop. In addition, they can be informed on the measures, which improved summit success.
Awareness logic: Kripke lattices as a middle ground between syntactic and semantic models
Authors: Belardinelli Gaia , Rendsvig Rasmus K 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe literature on awareness modelling includes both syntax-free and syntax-based frameworks. Heifetz, Meier and Schipper (HMS) propose a lattice model of awareness that is syntax-free. While their lattice approach is elegant and intuitive, it does not explicitly distinguish uncertainty from unawareness. Contra this, the most prominent syntax-based solution, the Fagin–Halpern (FH) model, accounts for this distinction and offers a simple representation of awareness but lacks the intuitiveness of the lattice structure. Here, we combine these two approaches by providing a lattice of Kripke models, induced by atom subset inclusion, in which uncertainty and unawareness are separate. We show that our model is equivalent to both HMS and FH models by defining transformations between them which preserve satisfaction of formulas of a language for explicit knowledge and obtain completeness through our and HMS’ results. Lastly, we prove that the Kripke lattice model can be shown equivalent to the FH model (when awareness is propositionally determined) also with respect to the language of the Logic of General Awareness, for which the FH model was originally proposed.
Accurate diffusion coefficients for dense white dwarf plasma mixtures
Authors: Caplan M E , Bauer Evan B , Freeman I F 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Diffusion coefficients are essential microphysics inputs for modelling white dwarf evolution, as they impact phase separation at crystallization and sedimentary heat sources. Present schemes for computing diffusion coefficients are accurate at weak coupling (Γ ≪ 1), but they have errors up to a factor of 2 in the strongly coupled liquid regime (1 ≲ Γ ≲ 200). With modern molecular dynamics codes, it is possible to accurately determine diffusion coefficients in select systems with per cent-level precision. In this work, we develop a theoretically motivated law for diffusion coefficients that works across the wide range of parameters typical for white dwarf interiors. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of pure systems and two mixtures that respectively model a typical-mass C/O white dwarf and a higher-mass O/Ne white dwarf, and resolve diffusion coefficients for several trace neutron-rich nuclides. We fit the model to the pure systems and propose a physically motivated generalization for mixtures. We show that this model is accurate to roughly 15 per cent when compared to molecular dynamics for many individual elements under conditions typical of white dwarfs, and is straightforward to implement in stellar evolution codes.
Adiabatic evolution of the self-interacting axion field around rotating black holes
Authors: Omiya Hidetoshi , Takahashi Takuya , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ultra-light axion fields, motivated by string theory, form a large condensate (axion cloud) around rotating black holes through superradiant instability. Several effects due to the axion cloud, such as the spin-down of black holes and the emission of monochromatic gravitational waves, open a new window to search for axions by astrophysical observations. When the axion self-interaction is considered, the evolution of clouds is altered significantly, and an explosive phenomenon called a bosenova can happen. Thus, it is necessary to understand the precise evolution of self-interacting clouds for the detection of axions by astrophysical observations. In this paper, we propose a new method to track the whole process of the growth of self-interacting axion clouds employing the adiabatic approximation. We emphasize that our method relies neither on the non-relativistic approximation nor on perturbative treatment of the self-interaction, which is often used in the literature. Our main finding is that the evolution of clouds in the strongly self-interacting regime depends on the strength of the gravitational coupling between the axion and the black hole. For a large coupling, the cloud evolves into a quasi-stationary state where the superradiant energy gain is balanced with the energy dissipation to infinity by the self-interaction. On the other hand, when one decreases the size of the coupling, clouds become unstable at some energy, which would be interpreted as the onset of a bosenova.
μTRISTAN
Authors: Hamada Yu , Kitano Ryuichiro , Matsudo Ryutaro , Takaura Hiromasa , Yoshida Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ultra-cold muon technology developed for the muon g − 2 experiment at J-PARC provides a low-emittance μ+ beam which can be accelerated and used for realistic collider experiments. We consider the possibility of new collider experiments by accelerating the μ+ beam up to 1 TeV. Allowing the μ+ beam to collide with a high-intensity e− beam at the TRISTAN energy, $E_{e^-}= 30$ GeV, in a storage ring with the same size as TRISTAN (a circumference of 3 km), one can realize a collider experiment with the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 346$ GeV, which allows the production of Higgs bosons through vector boson fusion processes. We estimate the deliverable luminosity with existing accelerator technologies to be at the level of 5 × 1033 cm−2 s−1, with which the collider can be a good Higgs boson factory. μ+μ+ colliders up to $\sqrt{s} = 2$ TeV are also possible using the same storage ring. They have the capability of producing the superpartner of the muon up to TeV masses.
A general formula by LDLT decomposition for the type-I seesaw mechanism
Authors: Yang Masaki J S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
By performing an approximate spectral decomposition on the inverse mass matrix of the right-handed neutrinos M−1, we obtain a basis-independent formula for the type-I seesaw mechanism. Mathematically, it is based on the generalized Cholesky (or LDLT) decomposition of the symmetric matrix M−1 = LDLT, with a diagonal matrix D and a lower unitriangular matrix L. Since the diagonalization of L can be inverted without solving cubic equations, the formula will be useful in investigating the general properties of the mechanism, such as flavor symmetries, generalized CP symmetries, and fine-tunings.
Möbius Disjointness for a Class of Exponential Functions
Authors: Gu Weichen , Wei Fei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A vast class of exponential functions is shown to be deterministic. This class includes functions whose exponents are polynomial-like or ‘piece-wise’ close to polynomials after differentiation. Many of these functions are proved to be disjoint from the Möbius function.
Interdisciplinary research and policy impacts: Assessing the significance of knowledge coproduction
Authors: de Sandes-Guimarães Luisa Veras , Velho Raquel , Plonski Guilherme Ary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Research impact on various societal spheres has been increasingly demanded for funding purposes and as a form of demonstrating the relevance of scientific research for societal problems. In this context, interest in interdisciplinary research and knowledge coproduction has grown as a path to achieve this expected impact, but few studies have considered its conjoint association with societal impact. This article investigates how academic research undertaken in interdisciplinary groups impacts public policies. To this end, we used a multiple case study strategy (involving three broad interdisciplinary research groups) to understand how the differences regarding knowledge coproduction with policy actors were relevant to explain differences in research impacts: instrumental, conceptual, symbolic and capacity-building. All the groups studied presented some type of impact in public policies, with emphasis on conceptual impact. The importance of knowledge coproduction was highlighted in two broad interdisciplinary groups since they stood out with more instrumental impacts compared to the other one. We argue that the combination of broad interdisciplinarity of the group together with the coproduction of knowledge with policymakers as co-researchers produces research that has more impact on the public policy community, especially translated as instrumental impact.
DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS BASED ON PATIENT BODY MASS INDEX FOR SELECT INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES IN MINAS GERAIS/BRAZIL
Authors: Vieira L A , Silva F A R , Silva T , Nogueira M S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work establishes local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in interventional radiology based on adult patient body mass index (BMI). The monitoring was carried out from 23 institutions and patient data from 3015 procedures were collected, being 907 Catheterism (CAT), 921 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and 1187 CAT/PTCA and 6 BMI ranges were taken, going from under 18 up to 40 kg·m−2. It is presented that 18 initial DRL values to be used in the county of Minas Gerais. The overall 75th kerma-area product (KAP), commonly considered DRL, in Gy·cm2, is 94.6(SD 119)—CAT, 88.6(SD 121)—PTCA and 33.0(SD 47.6)—CAT/PTCA. In considering KAP–BMI individual values, one obtain the min–max ranges, in Gy·cm2, 3.2-BMI A to 101-BMI B for CAT, 65-BMI A to 102-BMI F for PTCA and 10.4-BMI A to 59.2-BMI E for CAT/PTCA. The KAP–BMI approach has shown to be feasible as a DRL optimization process.
SOIL–SOIL SOLUTION DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT OF RADIOIODINE IN SURFACE SOILS AROUND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING PLANT IN ROKKASHO, JAPAN
Authors: Takeda Akira , Unno Yusuke , Tsukada Hirofumi , Takaku Yuichi , Hisamatsu Shunichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil-soil solution distribution coefficient (Kd) of radioiodine in soil samples with various total carbon (TC) contents was measured in a batch sorption experiment using 125I tracer spiked as I−. The log values of Kd−125I and TC concentration in low-TC soils (&lt; 10g kg−1) were positively correlated, whereas those of Kd−125I in TC rich soils (&gt; 10 g kg−1) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in liquid phase were negatively correlated. The proportion of 125I in the &lt; 3 kDa fraction in the liquid phase is negatively correlated with the log of DOC, implying that 125I is primarily combined with high-molecular-weight organic matter in soil solutions rich in DOC. The results suggest that Kd−125I in soil with high soil organic material (SOM) content is governed by DOC via the combination of 125I and DOC. In contrast, Kd−125I in soils with a low SOM content was governed by SOM because the anion exchange capacity of SOM was vital for the sorption of 125I−.
Movement Disorders and Mortality in Severely Mentally Ill Patients: The Curacao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study XIV
Authors: Willems Anne E , Mentzel Charlotte L , Bakker Pieter Roberto , Van Os Jim , Tenback Diederik E , Gelan Petra , Daantjes Erna , Matroos Glenn E , Hoek Hans W , Van Harten Peter N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
There is a substantial gap in life expectancy between patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and the general population and it is important to understand which factors contribute to this difference. Research suggests an association between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and mortality; however, results are inconclusive. In addition, studies investigating associations between parkinsonism or akathisia and mortality are rare. We hypothesized that TD would be a risk factor for mortality in patients with SMI.

Study Design
We studied a cohort of 157 patients diagnosed predominantly with schizophrenia on the former Netherlands Antilles. TD, parkinsonism, and akathisia were assessed with rating scales on eight occasions over a period of 18 years. Twenty-four years after baseline, survival status and if applicable date of death were determined. Associations between movement disorders and survival were analyzed using Cox regression. Sex, age, antipsychotics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines at each measurement occasion were tested as covariates.

Study Results
Parkinsonism was a significant risk factor with an HR of 1.02 per point on the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (range 0–56). TD and akathisia were not significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions
Parkinsonism may be an important risk factor for mortality in SMI patients. This finding calls for more follow-up and intervention studies to confirm this finding and to explore whether treatment or prevention of parkinsonism can reduce excess mortality.
The Analysis of Trends of Preschool Child Stunting, Wasting and Overweight in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Still More Effort Needed to Reach Global Targets 2025
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ghodsi Delaram , Amini Maryam , Rasekhi Hamid , Rabiei Samira , Doustmohammadian Azam , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Neyestani Tirang R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
This study was undertaken to analyze and compare Eastern Mediterranean (EM) countries in achievement of WHO nutrition global targets for children growth indicators by 2025.

Methods
A total of 108 national surveys from 20 countries in EM region were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of stunting and wasting and 93 surveys to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity in children. These data were obtained from national surveys included in the WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition.

Results
In EM region, the prevalence of childhood stunting was estimated to have a 38% decline from 2000 (34.7%) to 2025 (21.2%). Only three countries in EM region (Iran and Jordan, Saudi Arabia) were anticipated to achieve the expected WHO target by 2025. From 2000 to 2020, the prevalence of wasting decreased from 6.9 to 5.3. Six countries were presumed to achieve the expected WHO target by 2025. Nine countries will presumably have overweight rates &gt;5% (Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia) in 2025 whereas five countries will have overweight rates above 10% (Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia).

Conclusion
Despite descending trends of child stunting and wasting and a secular trend of child obesity in EM region, it is expected that WHO targets will not be achieved by 2025. A diverse socio-economic condition in EM countries necessitates different action plans. International determination, political commitment and, above all, involvement of the families are needed to achieve 2025 targets for child stunting, wasting and overweight/obesity.
Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals that the Antimicrobial Kasugamycin Potential Targets Nitrate Reductase inDidymella segeticolato Achieve Control of Tea Leaf Spot
Authors: Jiang Xinyue , Jiang Shilong , Huang Hongke , Li Dongxue , Yang Rui , Yang Yuanyou , Wang Delu , Song Baoan , Chen Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

Because of the lack of effective disease management measures, tea leaf spot—caused by the fungal phytopathogen Didymella segeticola (syn. Phoma segeticola)—is an important foliar disease. The important and widely used agricultural antimicrobial kasugamycin (Ksg), produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces kasugaensis, effects high levels of control against crop diseases. The results of this study indicated that Ksg could inhibit the growth of D. segeticola hyphae in vitro with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 141.18 μg ml−1. Meanwhile, the curative effect in vivo on the pathogen in detached tea leaves also demonstrated that Ksg induced some morphological changes in organelles, septa, and cell walls as observed by optical microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This may indicate that Ksg disturbs biosynthesis of key metabolites, inhibiting hyphal growth. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and bioinformatic analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes or differentially expressed proteins in D. segeticola hyphae in response to Ksg exposure were involved with metabolic processes and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Molecular docking studies indicated that Ksg may target nitrate reductase (NR), and microscale thermophoresis assay showed greater affinity with NR, potentially disturbing nitrogen assimilation and subsequent metabolism. The results indicated that Ksg inhibits the pathogen of tea leaf spot, D. segeticola, possibly by binding to NR, disturbing fungal metabolism, and inducing subsequent changes in hyphal growth and development.
Optimal Time to Initiate Breast Milk Expression in Mothers Delivering Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Parker Leslie , Mueller Martina , Sandra Sullivan , Krueger Charlene 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUNDFeeding breastmilk to premature infants decreases morbidity but is often limited owing to an insufficient breast milk supply and delayed attainment of lactogenesis stage II. Early initiation of breast milk expression following delivery has been shown to increase breast milk production in mothers of very low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants. However no adequately powered randomized trials have been conducted to determine the optimal time to initiation of breast milk expression in mothers who deliver extremely premature infants. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the optimal time to initiate breast milk expression in mothers of VLBW infants.SUBJECTS AND METHODS180 women were stratified according to their infant's gestational age and were randomized to initiate breast milk expression within 60 min (group 1), 60–179 min (Group 2) or 180–360 min (group 3) following delivery. Breast milk volume and timing of lactogenesis stage II was compared between groups using Wilcoxon's rank sum tests. Breast milk volume was measured daily for the first 7 days and weekly for the first 6 weeks. Timing of lactogenesis stage II was determined through mothers' perceptions of sudden breast fullness.RESULTSMothers who initiated BM expression 1–3 hours delivery were more likely to be lactating at 3 weeks (88%), 6 weeks (63%) and at discharge (62%) compared to those who initiated BM expression within 1 hour (68%, 60%, 33%) or 3–6 hours (70%, 54%, 35%) after delivery. In addition, mothers who initiated BM expression 1–3 hours following delivery had an earlier onset of lactogenesis stage II (p=0.013).CONCLUSIONInitiation of breast milk expression 1–3 h following delivery increases duration of lactation and decreases time to lactogenesis stage II in mothers of VLBW infants.Support or Funding InformationResearch reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R15NR01356