bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel CACNA1C R511Q mutation, located in domain Ⅰ-Ⅱ linker, causes non-syndromic type-8 long QT syndrome
Authors: Nakajima Tadashi , Kawabata-Iwakawa Reika , Tamura Shuntaro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Itoh Hideki , Horie Minoru , Nishiyama Masahiko , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Ishii Hideki 
Published: July 2022

Background
Gain-of-function mutations in CACNA1C encoding Cav1.2 cause syndromic or non-syndromic type-8 long QT syndrome (LQTS) (sLQT8 or nsLQT8). The cytoplasmic domain (D)Ⅰ-Ⅱ linker in Cav1.2 plays a pivotal role in calcium channel inactivation, and mutations in this site have been associated with sLQT8 (such as Timothy syndrome) but not nsLQT8.

Objective
Since we identified a novel CACNA1C mutation, located in the DⅠ-Ⅱ linker, associated with nsLQTS, we sought to reveal its biophysical defects.

Methods
Target panel sequencing was employed in 24 genotype-negative nsLQTS probands (after Sanger sequencing) and three family members. Wild-type (WT) or R511Q Cav1.2 was transiently expressed in tsA201 cells, then whole-cell Ca2+ or Ba2+ currents (ICa or IBa) were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques.

Results
We identified two CACNA1C mutations, a previously reported R858H mutation and a novel R511Q mutation located in the DⅠ-Ⅱ linker. Four members of one nsLQTS family harbored the CACNA1C R511Q mutation. The current density and steady-state activation were comparable to those of WT-ICa. However, persistent currents in R511Q-ICa were significantly larger than those of WT-ICa (WT at +20 mV: 3.3±0.3%, R511Q: 10.8±0.8%, P<0.01). The steady-state inactivation of R511Q-ICa was weak in comparison to that of WT-ICa at higher prepulse potentials, resulting in increased window currents in R511Q-ICa. Slow component of inactivation of R511Q-ICa was significantly delayed compared to that of WT-ICa (WT-tau at +20 mV: 81.3±3.3 ms, R511Q-tau: 125.1±5.0 ms, P<0.01). Inactivation of R511Q-IBa was still slower than that of WT-IBa, indicating that voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) of R511Q-ICa was predominantly delayed.

Conclusions
Delayed VDI, increased persistent currents, and increased window currents of R511Q-ICa cause nsLQT8. Our data provide novel insights into the structure-function relationships of Cav1.2 and the pathophysiological roles of the DⅠ-Ⅱ linker in phenotypic manifestations.
The importance of effect sizes when comparing cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Brinkmann Celine , Gohl Peter , Mack Dietrich , Pfeifer Johannes , Palmada Fenés Mònica , Harzer Oliver , Zöllner Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
We aimed to elaborate whether cycle threshold (Ct) values differ significantly between wild type SARS-CoV-2 (wtV) and certain viral variants and how strong or weak a potential significant effect might be.

Methods
In a retrospective study, we investigated 1873 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples for the occurrence of viral marker mutations. Age, gender, clinical setting, days after onset of symptoms, and Ct values were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out with special consideration of effect sizes.

Results
During the study period wtV was detected in 1013 samples (54%), while 845 (45%) patients carried the Alpha variant of concern (VOC), and 15 (1%) the Beta VOC. For further analysis, only wtV and the Alpha VOC were included. In a multi-factor ANOVA and post-hoc test with Bonferroni-correction for the age groups we found significant main-effects for Ct values of the viral variant (wtV mean 26.4 (SD 4.27); Alpha VOC mean 25.0 (SD 3.84); F (1,1850) = 55.841; p < .001) and the clinical setting (outpatients: mean 25.7 (SD 4.1); inpatients: mean 27.0 (SD 4.2); F (1,1850) = 8.520, p = .004). However, since the effect sizes were very small (eta squared for the Alpha VOC = .029 and the clinical setting = .004), there was only a slight trend towards higher viral loads of the Alpha VOC compared to wtV.

Conclusions
In order to compare different variants of SARS-CoV-2 the calculation of effect sizes seems to be necessary. A combination of p-values as estimates of the existance of an effect and effect sizes as estimates of the magnitude of a potential effect may allow a better insight into transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.
Environmental, Biological, and Fishing Factors Influencing Fish Mortality and Development of the Cachirra event, Navío Quebrao Lagoon
Authors: Castro Echavez Fernando Luis , Rosado Vega Jairo Rafael , Márquez Gulloso Elín Raquel 
Published: July 2022

Objetive: The present study analyzes environmental, biological and fishing factors incidence in the formation and mortality of the Cachirra event.
Methodology: We collected samples from fishing nets used by the fishermen of "arranchaderos" community located in Navio Quebrao Lagoon (NQL). IDEAM provided 2017 climatologic data. Physicochemical variables were measured with Spectroquant SQ 118 and other direct measurement electronic devices. SPSS statistical software version 24.0 was used to analyze data and their relationships.
Results: 12 species intervene in the formation of the Cachirra event, predominantly the Mugilidae family. Salinity was the physicochemical variable that most affected the mortality of the species -October (6.0 PSU) and March (67.4 PSU)-. Conclusions: Fishes die according to their susceptibility to salinity changes, being the most susceptible species Cathrorops spixii and Eugerres plumieri, and the most resistant Elops saurus and Mugil liza. The species present in NQL have sizes well below commercial significance and different condition factor values and repletion index values before and after the Cachirra event.
PERANCANGAN PLTS HYBRID MENGGUNAKAN MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT) SEBAGAI PEMAKSIMALAN DAYA PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) DI GEDUNG ICT UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO DENGAN SOFTWARE MATLAB SIMULINK
Authors: Aji Singgih Mustiko , Winardi Bambang , Sudjadi Sudjadi 
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan energi fosil yang terus menerus menyebabkan ketersediannya makin langka, sehingga dibutuhkan sumber energi terbarukan yang bersih dan ramah lingkungan, salah satunya energi matahari. Agar daya yang dihasilkan oleh fotovoltaik maksimal maka diperlukan MPPT. Sistem kendali MPPT akan mengatur produksi dan penyimpanan daya sistem fotovoltaik memanfaatkan DC-DC boost converter. Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan mensimulasikan PLTS dengan MPPT metode Perturb and Observe menggunakan software Matlab Simulink. Pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi iradiasi 200 W/m2, iradiasi 350 W/m2, iradiasi 500 W/m2, iradiasi 650 W/m2, iradiasi 800 W/m2, dan iradiasi 1000 W/m2 serta variasi suhu 22℃, 24℃, 25℃, 26℃, 27℃, 29℃. Hasil pengujian menunjukan, saat iradiasi 350 W/m2 dan suhu 24°C panel surya tanpa menggunakan MPPT menghasilkan daya sebesar 1038 W sedangkan dengan menggunakan MPPT menghasilkan daya sebesar 1628 W. Saat iradiasi 800 W/m2 dan suhu 27°C panel surya tanpa menggunakan MPPT menghasilkan daya sebesar 2312 W sedangkan dengan menggunakan MPPT menghasilkan daya sebesar 3705 W. Sehingga dengan menggunakan algoritma MPPT Perturb and Observe daya yang dihasilkan lebih maksimal.
ANALISIS DAN PENENTUAN KOORDINASI PROTEKSI RELE JARAK DAN ARUS LEBIH TRANSMISI 150 KV DI PLTP DARAJAT
Authors: Putra Agrial Sunahtul , Hermawan Hermawan , Facta Mochammad 
Published: July 2022

PLTP Darajat memiliki daya maksimal sebesar 197,663 MW. Daya yang dibangkitkan oleh PLTP ini harus dialirkan secara optimal ke PLN Grid dengan bantuan saluran transmisi 150 kV. Sistem proteksi yang handal sangat diperlukan untuk menunjang penyaluran tenaga listrik ini. Oleh karena itu pada tugas akhir ini dilakukan analisis dan penentuan koordinasi proteksi pembangkit PLTP Darajat untuk mengantisipasi gangguan pada saluran transmisi 150 kV. Menurut IEEE Std C37.113-2015, PERMEN ESDM NO.3 TAHUN 2007, dan SPLN T5.002-1 2010 sistem proteksi pada saluran tranmisi 150 kV dibagi menjadi dua yaitu utama dan cadangan, bagian utama terdiri atas line current diferential dan rele jarak sedangkan cadangan terdiri atas rele arus lebih dan rele gangguan tanah. Hasil dari pekerjaan ini digunakan untuk menganalisa proteksi yang ada, khususnya untuk OCR dan GFR dengan bantuan software ETAP 16.0 dan Mathcad 15 serta melakukan penambahan rele jarak dan line current diferential sehingga sesuai dengan standar acuan. Berdasarkan perhitungan dan hasil simulasi diperoleh karakteristik waktu sesaat yang diimplementasikan untuk diferensial arus saluran dan rele jarak, serta waktu operasi dengan waktu tunda pasti untuk OCR adalah 0,04s dan untuk GFR adalah 0,08s.
RANCANG BANGUN MINIATUR SISTEM TRANSMISI DAYA ARUS SEARAH DENGAN RECTIFIER SATU FASA, BOOST CONVERTER DAN SISTEM MONITORING MENGGUNAKAN DATA LOGGER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER STM32F103C8T6
Authors: Mustofah NST Mhd Ai , Hermawan, Hermawan , Denis Denis 
Published: July 2022

High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC) adalah teknologi pengiriman daya listrik tegangan tinggi (puluhan sampai ratusan kV) dalam bentuk arus searah. Penggunaan arus searah pada saluran transmisi dapat mengurangi rugi-rugi yang disebabkan adanya reaktansi pada saluran. Jatuh tegangan yang dihasilkan lebih kecil sehingga kapasitas daya kirim dapat maksimal. Prinsip dasar teknologi ini adalah pengubahan sumber arus bolak-balik (AC) menjadi arus searah (DC) kemudian ditransmisikan melalui saluran transmisi lalu diubah kembali menjadi arus AC. Pada tugas akhir ini proses pengubahan sumber AC menjadi DC menggunakan rectifier satu phasa gelombang penuh tak terkontrol dengan menggunakan 4 buah dioda IN5409, dan untuk menaikkan tegangan DC pada saluran transmisi menggunakan DC-DC Chopper tipe boost converter dengan menggunakan MOSFET IRF460 yang dilengkapi dengan sistem umpan balik tegangan dan kemudian disalurkan melalui saluran transmisi. Rangkaian sistem tugas akhir ini juga dilengkapi dengan sistem monitoring secara real time yang terhubung dengan internet of things (IOT) ke Thingspeak dengan pembacaan sensor pada awal dan akhir saluran transmisi. Boost converter dirancang dengan variasi panjang saluran dan variasi beban berupa lampu pijar dengan daya 25 watt, 40watt, 60 watt, dan 100 watt untuk mengetahui kinerja boost converter terhadap beban.
PERANCANGAN CATU DAYA ARUS SEARAH KELUARAN GANDA SEBAGAI PENGGERAK ROBOT LENGAN ARTIKULASI
Authors: Utami Fatimah Ratna , Riyadi Munawar Agus , Christyono Yuli 
Published: July 2022

Dari berbagai jenis motor, yang digunakan sebagai penggerak lengan robot pemindah barang adalah motor servo. Motor servo adalah motor yang membutuhkan catu daya pada kontroler dan penggeraknya, sehingga dibutuhkan dua catu daya sekaligus. Catu daya merupakan piranti elektronik yang memiliki sifat pengubah (altering), pengendalian (controling), atau pengaturan (regulating) daya listrik, sehingga mampu mencatu daya (arus dan tegangan) yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Proses penelitian yang baik maka diperlukan peralatan pendukung yang baik pula. Transformator dengan kendali konvensional biasanya digunakan untuk proses penyearahan. Metode konvensional ini mempunyai efisiensi yang lebih rendah dan menghasilkan disipasi daya yang tinggi, serta keberadaan transformator konvensional 50Hz sebagai step down transformer dengan inti besi, sehingga membuat dimensinya besar dengan harga yang mahal. Dalam penelitian ini, catu daya saklar diaplikasikan dengan buck converter. Catu daya ini menggunakan trafo ferrite frekuensi tinggi, sehingga membuat dimensinya kecil dengan harga terjangkau. IC LM2596 dan XL4016 digunakan untuk membangkitkan sinyal modulasi lebar pulsa atau (Pulse Width Modulation) PWM untuk mengontrol pemicuan saklar pada catu daya keluaran ganda. Feedback tegangan dan arus digunakan untuk menjaga kestabilan tegangan keluaran catu daya.
ANALISIS PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA DI SMA NEGERI 4 SEMARANG Dengan Aplikasi HOMER
Authors: Muliawan Michael Anandya , Winardi Bambang , Setiyono Budi 
Published: July 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara yang secara geografis dilalui oleh garis khatulistiwa sehingga memiliki potensi besar dalam hal pemanfaatan energi matahari. Hal ini dikarenakan besarnya radiasi matahari dipengaruhi oleh letak garis lintang, kondisi atmosfer, dan posisi matahari terhadap garis khatulistiwa. Menurut Power Data Acces Viewer NASA pada tahun 2019 Indonesia mempunyai tingkat radiasi rata-rata yang relatif tinggi yaitu sebesar 4,8 kWh/m2/hari. Hal ini adalah sebuah keuntungan besar bagi Indonesia dalam hal pemanfaatan energi matahari menjadi energi listrik melalui Fotovoltaik, terutama di wilayah kota semarang yang mempunyai tingkat radiasi rata-rata sebesar 5,6 kWh/m2/hari. SMA Negeri 4 Semarang memiliki lahan kosong dan area parkir yang terbuka dan belum teroptimalkan dengan baik. Dengan intensitas radiasi matahari yang cukup tinggi tiap harinya, SMA Negeri 4 Semarang yang terletak di Jl. Karang Rejo, Semarang, Jawa Tengah ini dapat memanfaatkan lahan kosong dan sarana parkir sepeda motornya menjadi siteplan PLTS yang cukup besar. PLTS Off Grid merupakan sistem PLTS yang hanya mengandalkan energi matahari sebagai satu-satunya sumber energi utama dengan menggunakan rangkaian photovoltaic module untuk menghasilkan energi listrik sesuai kebutuhan dan menggunakan baterai sebagai pemasok daya tambahan ataupun sebagai pemasok daya ke beban pada malam hari. Melalui software HOMER, dapat menganalisia penggunaan dan produksi energi listrik dari perencanaan PLTS di SMA Negeri 4 Semarang ini diperkirakan memiliki potensi 73.565 kWh tiap tahunnya yang terdiri dari 442 modul berkapasitas 100 wp/modul, 56 baterai dengan kapasitas 24v200ah/baterai dan, 1 unit inverter 45kWh.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM MONITORING HIDROPONIK NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT) BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) MENGGUNAKAN WEB SERVER THINGSPEAK
Authors: Nababan Primadoly , Andromeda Trias , Soetrisno Yosua Alvin Adi 
Published: July 2022

Tugas Akhir ini penulis bertujuan untuk merancang sistem monitoring hidroponik berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan web server thingspeak pada tanaman selada. Sistem kerja dari alat ini, yaitu monitoring hidroponik yang meliputi intensitas cahaya, ketinggian air, ppm air dan ph air yang tersedia melalui jaringan internet. Alat ini terdiri dari tiga proses utama, yaitu input, proses dan output. Input menggunakan sensor LDR, ultrasonik HC-SR04, TDS dan pH. Data dari sensor LDR, ultrasonik HC-SR04, TDS dan pH akan diproses oleh Arduino Uno dan dikirim ke modul WiFi ESP8266 untuk diproses sehingga dapat dimonitoring pada thingspeak. Output dari alat ini, yaitu monitoring melalui web server thingspeak.. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan, tingkat kelayakan implementasi alat ini ditinjau dari hasil untuk kerja yang diperoleh pada pengujian sensor LDR terdapat rata – rata error sebesar 0.38%, 0% pada pengujian sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04, 0.91% pada pengujian sensor TDS dan 0.1% pada pembacaan sensor pH. Aktuator akan menyala sesuai dengan set point yang telah ditentukan. Sehingga diharapkan dengan adanya sistem monitoring ini dapat membantu petani dalam perawatan tanaman dan monitoring setiap saat.
A note on indecomposable sets of finite perimeter
Authors: Lahti Panu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBonicatto, Pasqualetto and Rajala (2020) proved that a decomposition theorem for sets of finite perimeter into indecomposable sets, known to hold in Euclidean spaces, holds also in complete metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure, supporting a Poincaré inequality, and satisfying anisotropicitycondition. We show that the last assumption can be removed.
Concavity properties for solutions to p-Laplace equations with concave nonlinearities
Authors: Borrelli William , Mosconi Sunra , Squassina Marco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We obtain new concavity results, up to a suitable transformation, for a class of quasi-linear equations
in a convex domain involving the p-Laplace operator and a general nonlinearity satisfying concavity-type assumptions.
This provides an extension of results previously known in the literature only for the torsion and
the first eigenvalue equations. In the semilinear case

p
=
2

{p=2}

the results are already new since they include new admissible
nonlinearities.
Almost *-η-Ricci solitons on Kenmotsu pseudo-Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Rashmi S.V. Divya , Venkatesha V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to study a special type of metric called almost

*

{*}

-η-Ricci soliton on the special class of contact pseudo-Riemannian manifold. First, we prove that a Kenmotsu pseudo-Riemannian metric as an

*

{*}

-η-Ricci soliton is Einstein if either it is η-Einstein or the potential vector field V is an infinitesimal contact transformation. Further, we prove that if a Kenmotsu pseudo-Riemannian manifold admits an almost

*

{*}

-η-Ricci soliton with a Reeb vector field leaving the scalar curvature invariant, then it is an Einstein manifold. Finally, we present an example of

*

{*}

-η-Ricci solitons which illustrate our results.
Socrates’ Understanding of ‘Protection’ (Boētheia) in His Other-Oriented Ethics: The Case of the Athenians in Plato’s Apology and Gorgias
Authors: Catana Leo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article I argue that Socrates appropriated a traditional discourse characteristic of Athenian law courts and politics keyed to the concept of protection (boētheia). More specifically, I argue that Socrates aimed at protecting the Athenians, though not directly, but indirectly, namely via his life-long endeavour to serve (boēthein) Apollo. I thus read Plato’s Apology as a political text, though not “political” in the sense of Socrates being suspect of overthrowing democracy, as sometimes claimed, but “political” in the sense that Plato’s Socrates latched on to this concept of boēthein in the Apology.
What’s new in marine botany of the Eastern Mediterranean?
Authors: Katsaros Christos , Orfanidis Sotiris , Küpper Frithjof C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article provides a topical review of East Mediterranean phycology and seagrass biology, with a special focus on the outcomes of the multi-year project “Brown algal biodiversity and ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea” supported by the TOTAL Foundation. Following a general overview of East Mediterranean seaweed biogeography and taxonomy, the review covers seagrasses, deep-water (circalittoral) macroalgal diversity, pathogens and algal defence, human impacts and biotic indices, alien species as well as the papers of this special issue.
Simplified Levenberg–Marquardt Method in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Mahale Pallavi , Shaikh Farheen M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 2010, Qinian Jin considered a regularized Levenberg–Marquardt
method in Hilbert spaces for getting stable approximate solution for nonlinear ill-posed operator equation

F
⁢

(
x
)

=
y

{F(x)=y}

, where

F
:

D
⁢

(
F
)

⊂
X
→
Y

{F:D(F)\subset X\rightarrow Y}

is a nonlinear operator between Hilbert spaces X and Y and obtained rate of convergence results under an appropriate source condition. In this paper, we propose a simplified Levenberg–Marquardt method in Hilbert spaces for solving nonlinear ill-posed equations in which sequence of iteration

{

x
n
δ

}

{\{x_{n}^{\delta}\}}

is defined as

x

n
+
1

δ

=

x
n
δ

-

(

α
n

⁢
I

+

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

*

⁢

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

)

-
1

⁢

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

*

⁢

(

F
⁢

(

x
n
δ

)

-

y
δ

)

.

x^{\delta}_{n+1}=x^{\delta}_{n}-(\alpha_{n}I+F^{\prime}(x_{0})^{*}F^{\prime}(x%
_{0}))^{-1}F^{\prime}(x_{0})^{*}(F(x^{\delta}_{n})-y^{\delta}).

Here

{

α
n

}

{\{\alpha_{n}\}}

is a decreasing sequence of nonnegative numbers which converges to zero,

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

{F^{\prime}(x_{0})}

denotes the Fréchet derivative of F at an initial guess

x
0

∈

D
⁢

(
F
)

{x_{0}\in D(F)}

for the exact solution

x
†

{x^{\dagger}}

and

(

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

)

*

{(F^{\prime}(x_{0}))^{*}}

denote the adjoint of

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

{F^{\prime}(x_{0})}

. In our proposed method, we need to calculate Fréchet derivative of F only at an initial guess

x
0

{x_{0}}

. Hence, it is more economic to use in numerical computations than the Levenberg–Marquardt method used in the literature. We have proved convergence of the method under Morozov-type stopping rule using a general tangential cone condition. In the last section of the paper, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate advantages of the proposed method.
New regularity results for the heat equation and application to non-homogeneous Burgers equation
Authors: Benia Yassine , Sadallah Boubaker-Khaled 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article deals with the regularity of a solution for a non-homogeneous heat equation in Sobolev spaces. The problem is subject to Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary conditions considered in a rectangle or domain that can be transformed into a rectangle.
A parallel type decomposition scheme for quasi-linear abstract hyperbolic equation
Authors: Dikhaminjia Nana , Rogava Jemal , Tsiklauri Mikheil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Cauchy problem for an abstract hyperbolic equation with the Lipschitz continuous operator is considered in the Hilbert space. The operator corresponding to the elliptic part of the equation is the sum of operators

A
1

,

A
2

,
…
,

A
m

{A_{1},A_{2},\ldots,A_{m}}

. Each summand is a self-adjoint and positive definite operator. A parallel type decomposition scheme for an approximate solution of the stated problem is constructed. The main idea of the scheme is that on each local interval the classical difference problems are solved in parallel (independently from each other) with the operators

A
1

,

A
2

,
…
,

A
m

{A_{1},A_{2},\ldots,A_{m}}

. The weighted average of the obtained solutions is announced as an approximate
solution at the right end of the local interval. The convergence of the proposed scheme is proved and the approximate solution error is estimated, as well as the error of the difference analogue for the first-order derivative for the case when the initial problem data satisfy the natural sufficient conditions for solution existence.
Wear behavior and microstructural transformation of single fcc phase AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Wang Yidi , Li Xiaoqian , Liang Aimin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this research, the wear behavior and microstructural transformation of approximately single face-centered cubic phase AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy at elevated temperatures (∼25–600 °C) were investigated in detail. The combined action of environmental temperature and friction force can induce significant and regular transformation of the preferred orientation of crystalline grains at the high-entropy alloy friction interface. Generally as the temperature rises its principal wear mechanism varies fairly regularly from abrasive wear to delamination wear, and then to adhesive wear. It is worth noting that at a test temperature of 100 °C the wear debris formed during friction was rolled repeatedly and then separated by delamination, which played a pivotal role in inhibiting wear. Furthermore, five specific wear mechanisms of face-centered cubic phase high-entropy alloy at elevated temperatures have been elucidated through this study.
The Lie algebra structure of the degree one Hochschild cohomology of the blocks of the sporadic Mathieu groups
Authors: Murphy William 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet 𝐺 be one of the sporadic simple Mathieu groupsM11M_{11},M12M_{12},M22M_{22},M23M_{23}orM24M_{24}, and suppose 𝑘 is an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic 𝑝, dividing the order of 𝐺. In this paper, we describe some of the Lie algebra structure of the first Hochschild cohomology groups of the 𝑝-blocks ofk⁢GkG. In particular, we calculate the dimension ofHH1⁢(B)\mathrm{HH}^{1}(B)for the 𝑝-blocks 𝐵 ofk⁢GkG, and in almost all cases, we determine whetherHH1⁢(B)\mathrm{HH}^{1}(B)is a solvable Lie algebra.