bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Euler vs Hasse Diagrams for Reasoning About Sets: A Cognitive Approach
Authors: Bourou Dimitra , Schorlemmer Marco , Plaza Enric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe literature on diagrammatic reasoning includes theoretical and experimental work on the effectiveness of diagrams for conveying information. One influential theoretical contribution to this field proposes that a notation that is more effective than another would have an observational advantage over it; that is, it would make certain pieces of information observable—by means of some visual, meaning-carrying relationships—that were not observable in the other. Although the notion of observational advantage captures a relevant aspect of the benefit of using one notation over another, we present here an example where this notion is not sufficient to distinguish between a more and a less effective diagram. We suggest to take the theory of observational advantage one step further by linking it to cognitive theories of human conceptualisation and reasoning. Following our previous work, we propose that the act of observing facts about set theory from the geometry of a diagram can be modeled as a conceptual blend of image schemas with parts of the geometric configuration of a diagram. Image schemas are elementary mental structures that crystallize early embodied experiences, allowing agents to make sense of what they perceive by conceptualising it in terms of these structures (e.g., container, link, scale etc.). With our approach, we can extend the theory of observational advantage to take into account the cognitive complexity of the act of observation. Concretely, we present an example of an Euler and a Hasse diagram, and we posit that, while their observational advantage is equivalent, the Hasse diagram requires a much more complex network of conceptual blends to model certain observations made from it. Thus, to reason about certain set-theoretic claims, a Hasse diagram is less cognitively effective than an Euler diagram with equivalent observational advantage. We believe our approach contributes to the theoretical discussion on what factors affect the effectiveness of a diagram, and provides new avenues for the exploration of how the embodied experiences of the users contribute to the way they reason with diagrams.
Tables as Powerful Representational Tools
Authors: Schlimm Dirk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTables are widely used for storing, retrieving, communicating, and processing information, but in the literature on the study of representations they are still somewhat neglected. The strong structural constraints on tables allow for a clear identification of their characteristic features and the roles these play in the use of tables as representational and cognitive tools. After introducing syntactic, spatial, and semantic features of tables, we give an account of how these affect our perception and cognition on the basis of fundamental principles of Gestalt psychology. Next are discussed the ways in which these features of tables support their uses in providing a global access to information, retrieving information, and visualizing relational structure and patterns. The latter is particularly important, because it shows how tables can contribute to the generation of new knowledge. In addition, tables also provide efficient means for manipulating information in general and in structured notations. In sum, tables are powerful and efficient representational tools.
When to Intervene? Prescriptive Process Monitoring Under Uncertainty and Resource Constraints
Authors: Shoush Mahmoud , Dumas Marlon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrescriptive process monitoring approaches leverage historical data to prescribe runtime interventions that will likely prevent negative case outcomes or improve a process’s performance. A centerpiece of a prescriptive process monitoring method is its intervention policy: a decision function determining if and when to trigger an intervention on an ongoing case. Previous proposals in this field rely on intervention policies that consider only the current state of a given case. These approaches do not consider the tradeoff between triggering an intervention in the current state, given the level of uncertainty of the underlying predictive models, versus delaying the intervention to a later state. Moreover, they assume that a resource is always available to perform an intervention (infinite capacity). This paper addresses these gaps by introducing a prescriptive process monitoring method that filters and ranks ongoing cases based on prediction scores, prediction uncertainty, and causal effect of the intervention, and triggers interventions to maximize a gain function, considering the available resources. The proposal is evaluated using a real-life event log. The results show that the proposed method outperforms existing baselines regarding total gain.
Gravitational anomalies of fermionic higher-spin fields
Authors: Lekeu Victor , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, we formally compute gravitational anomalies for fermionic higher-spin fields in two, six and ten dimensions, as well as the U(1) mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly in four dimensions. In all cases, anomaly cancellations are found for an infinite tower of fields with alternating chiralities.
Spinning sum rules for the dimension-six SMEFT
Authors: Remmen Grant N. , Rodd Nicholas L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We construct new dispersive sum rules for the effective field theory of the standard model at mass dimension six. These spinning sum rules encode information about the spin of UV states: the sign of the IR Wilson coefficients carries a memory of the dominant spin in the UV completion. The sum rules are constructed for operators containing scalars and fermions, although we consider the dimension-six SMEFT exhaustively, outlining why equivalent relations do not hold for the remaining operators. As with any dimension-six dispersive argument, our conclusions are contingent on the absence of potential poles at infinity — so-called boundary terms — and we discuss in detail where these are expected to appear. There are a number of phenomenological applications of spinning sum rules, and as an example we explore the connection to the Peskin-Takeuchi parameters and, more generally, the set of oblique parameters in universal theories.
Membranes in AdS4 orientifold vacua and their Weak Gravity Conjecture
Authors: Casas Gonzalo F. , Marchesano Fernando , Prieto David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study type IIA orientifold compactifications with fluxes that give rise to perturbatively stable, non-supersymmetric AdS4 vacua with D6-brane gauge sectors. Non-perturbative instabilities can be mediated by D8-branes wrapped on the six internal dimensions X6, if they reduce to 4d membranes with a charge Q larger than its tension T. The mismatch Q ≠ T arises due to i) curvature corrections and ii) the BIon backreaction of D6-branes wrapping 3-cycles of X6. We give a simple expression for the second effect in toroidal orientifolds, and find that only pairs of 3-cycles at SU(2) angles contribute to it. They either contribute towards Q > T or Q < T depending on the 3-cycles separation, allowing to engineer 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 vacua in tension with the Weak Gravity Conjecture for membranes.
Emotions are associated with the genesis of visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality
Authors: Kaufeld Mara , Bourdeinik Julia , Prinz Lisa Marie , Mundt Martin , Hecht Heiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVisually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a well-known side effect of virtual reality (VR) immersion, with symptoms including nausea, disorientation, and oculomotor discomfort. Previous studies have shown that pleasant music, odor, and taste can mitigate VIMS symptomatology, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. We predicted that positive emotions influence the VIMS-reducing effects. To investigate this, we conducted an experimental study with 68 subjects divided into two groups. The groups were exposed to either positive or neutral emotions before and during the VIMS-provoking stimulus. Otherwise, they performed exactly the same task of estimating the time-to-contact while confronted with a VIMS-provoking moving starfield stimulation. Emotions were induced by means of pre-tested videos and with International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images embedded in the starfield simulation. We monitored emotion induction before, during, and after the simulation, using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) valence and arousal scales. VIMS was assessed before and after exposure using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and during simulation using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS) and FMS-D for dizziness symptoms. VIMS symptomatology did not differ between groups, but valence and arousal were correlated with perceived VIMS symptoms. For instance, reported positive valence prior to VR exposure was found to be related to milder VIMS symptoms and, conversely, experienced symptoms during simulation were negatively related to subjects’ valence. This study sheds light on the complex and potentially bidirectional relationship of VIMS and emotions and provides starting points for further research on the use of positive emotions to prevent VIMS.
Isoform-specific patterns of tau burden and neuronal degeneration in MAPT-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Giannini Lucia A. A. , Ohm Daniel T. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Dratch Laynie , Suh EunRan , van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Edward B. , van Swieten John C. , Grossman Murray , Seelaar Harro , Irwin David J. ,   Netherlands Brain Bank
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrontotemporal lobar degeneration with MAPT pathogenic variants (FTLD-MAPT) has heterogeneous tau pathological inclusions postmortem, consisting of three-repeat (3R) or four-repeat (4R) tau isoforms, or a combination (3R + 4R). Here, we studied grey matter tau burden, its relation to neuronal degeneration, and regional patterns of pathology in different isoform groups of FTLD-MAPT. We included 38 FTLD-MAPT autopsy cases with 10 different MAPT pathogenic variants, grouped based on predominant tau isoform(s). In up to eleven regions (ten cortical and one striatal), we quantified grey matter tau burden using digital histopathological analysis and assigned semi-quantitative ratings for neuronal degeneration (i.e. 0–4) and separate burden of glial and neuronal tau inclusions (i.e. 0–3). We used mixed modelling to compare pathology measures (1) across the entire cohort and (2) within isoform groups. In the total cohort, tau burden and neuronal degeneration were positively associated and most severe in the anterior temporal, anterior cingulate and transentorhinal cortices. Isoform groups showed distinctive features of tau burden and neuronal degeneration. Across all regions, the 3R isoform group had lower tau burden compared to the 4R group (p = 0.008), while at the same time showing more severe neuronal degeneration than the 4R group (p = 0.002). The 3R + 4R group had an intermediate profile with relatively high tau burden along with relatively severe neuronal degeneration. Neuronal tau inclusions were most frequent in the 4R group (p < 0.001 vs. 3R), while cortical glial tau inclusions were most frequent in the 3R + 4R and 4R groups (p ≤ 0.009 vs. 3R). Regionally, neuronal degeneration was consistently most severe in the anterior temporal cortex within each isoform group. In contrast, the regions with the highest tau burden differed in isoform groups (3R: striatum; 3R + 4R: striatum, inferior parietal lobule, middle frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex; 4R: transentorhinal cortex, anterior temporal cortex, fusiform gyrus). We conclude that FTLD-MAPT isoform groups show distinctive features of overall neuronal degeneration and regional tau burden, but all share pronounced anterior temporal neuronal degeneration. These data suggest that distinct isoform-related mechanisms of genetic tauopathies, with slightly divergent tau distribution, may share similar regional vulnerability to neurodegeneration within the frontotemporal paralimbic networks.
Patients successfully lose body weight after primary total knee arthroplasty but not more than a matched general population
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Musser Ewald , Hauer Georg , Vielgut Ines , Leitner Lukas , Ehall Reinhard , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
High BMI is associated with increased risk for knee osteoarthritis, ultimately necessitating total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this retrospective study was to (1) analyse the amount of postoperative long-term weight loss as reflected by BMI change in TKA patients, (2) identify factors associated with increased change in BMI, and to (3) compare changes with BMI trends of a general population.

Materials and methods
Overall, 298 TKA patients [198 females; mean age: 65.1 ± 7.9 years, median follow-up 8.8 (interquartile range: 5.9–10.8 years)] were included in the final evaluation and compared with an age group-matched control group from the general population regarding weight trends between 2006 and 2014. Main variable of interest in both cohorts was body mass index (BMI). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess changes in weight and BMI over time between TKA patients and the general population. Furthermore, mixed linear-effects models were constructed to analyse the potential change in BMI independent from age and gender.

Results
In TKA patients, a significant drop in BMI by 0.8 ± 3.2 points from postoperative to final follow-up was observed (p < 0.001), with reduction being significant independently from age (p = 0.382), gender (p = 0.310), or revision surgery (p = 0.195). In the general population, likewise a significant BMI-decrease by 0.7 ± 6.1 points was observed between 2006 and 2014, with younger people (p = 0.004) and females (p < 0.001) being more likely to reduce BMI. Yet, BMI-decrease between TKA patients and the general population over time was comparable (p = 0.734). Notably, patients with initially higher BMI were significantly more likely to lose weight postoperatively than normal-weight patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our results point against the notion that TKA patients lose a considerable amount of weight in comparison to the general population as soon as improved joint function and pain relief have been achieved. Thus, individualized patient education programmes should be reinforced, promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Evaluation of the ulna lengthening by distraction osteogenesis in congenital radial deficiency
Authors: Górecki Michał , Redman Marcin , Romanowski Leszek , Czarnecki Piotr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Publications evaluating the results of the ulna lengthening in congenital radial deficiency are based only on small groups of subjects which yield statistical studies of low scientific value. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of ulna lengthening in radial longitudinal deficiency and determine the number and quality of complications based on one of the most numerous study groups described in the literature.

Methods
The material consists of a study group with 31 upper limbs of unmatured patients diagnosed with type III and IV radial longitudinal deficiency. The study group was evaluated based on the parameters known from the literature. The difficulties during elongation were classified according to Paley’s classification.

Results
The study group contained patients with a mean age of 9 years, and the number of boys and girls was comparable. Ulna length significantly increased after elongation compared to the initial bone length. The patient’s age didn’t affect the ulna lengthening, and the amount of elongation didn’t significantly affect the total stabilization period. However, the total stabilization time increased with increasing patient age. Difficulties affected more than half of the cases.

Conclusions
Ulna elongation in congenital radial deficiency results in significant lengthening of the ulna, and thus the entire forearm, compared to the initial bone length. This technique has a high percentage of difficulty, so its use should be considered after cautious discussion with the parents and patients.
Intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations—association between intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring changes and neurological outcome
Authors: Niedermeyer Sebastian , Szelenyi Andrea , Schichor Christian , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Siller Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Microsurgical resection of spinal cord cavernous malformations can be assisted by intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM). While the clinical outcome after surgical resection has been discussed in several case series, the association of intraoperative IONM changes and detailed neurological outcome, however, has not been analyzed so far.

Methods
Seventeen patients with spinal cavernomas underwent surgery between 02/2004 and 06/2020. Detailed neurological and clinical outcome as well as IONM data including motor-evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative IONM changes were compared to outcome at 3-month and 1-year follow-up in order to identify surrogate parameters for an impending neurological deficit.

Results
Compared to the preoperative state, McCormick score at 1-year follow-up remained unchanged in 12 and improved in five patients, none worsened, while detailed neurological examination revealed a new or worsened sensorimotor deficit in 4 patients. The permanent 80% amplitude reduction of MEP and 50% amplitude reduction of SSEP showed the best diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 100% and 67% respectively and a specificity of 73% and 93% respectively. The relative risk for a new neurological deficit at 1-year follow-up, when reversible IONM-deterioration was registered compared to irreversible IONM deterioration, was 0.56 (0.23–1.37) for MEP deterioration and 0.4 (0.18–0.89) for SSEP deterioration.

Conclusions
Reversible IONM changes were associated with a better neurological outcome at follow-up compared to irreversible IONM deterioration during SCCM surgery. Our study favors the permanent 80% amplitude reduction criterion for MEP and 50% amplitude reduction criterion for SSEP for further prospective evaluation of IONM significance and the effectiveness of corrective maneuvers during SCCM surgeries.
Fighting against, and coping with, drought in Brazil: two policy paradigms intertwined
Authors: Cavalcante Louise , Dewulf Art , van Oel Pieter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn northeast Brazil, fight-against-drought and cope-with-drought have been identified as two different drought policy paradigms. This article aims to examine the persistence, coexistence, intertwining, and evolution of these drought policy paradigms by studying how they inform national policy responses in human-water systems. The questions guiding our research are what do the paradigms of fight-against-drought and cope-with-drought consist of and how did the competing paradigms develop over time? To address these, the research draws on a systematic analysis of policy documents, multiannual strategic plans from 2000 to 2020 (the most recently published), and interviews with key informants. This study found the paradigms evolved with the persistence of the fight-against-drought paradigm with incremental changes of the cope-with-drought. The coexistence of paradigms started in 2004 and was in 2016 that the persistence, coexistence and intertwining of both were established. We use two theories, Hall’s (1993) policy and Lindblom’s (1959, 1979) incrementalism for analyzing the influences drought policy paradigms in human-water systems. This study provides new insights to understand the role of ideas in policy processes empirically showing how drought policy paradigms gradually evolve influencing policy responses.
Improving procedural skills acquisition of students during medical device training: experiments on e-Learning vs. e-Learning with hands-on
Authors: Grundgeiger Tobias , Ertle Franz , Diethei Daniel , Mengelkamp Christoph , Held Volker 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the context of medical device training, e-Learning can address problems like unstandardized content and different learning paces. However, staff and students value hands-on activities during medical device training. In a blended learning approach, we examined whether using a syringe pump while conducting an e-Learning program improves the procedural skills needed to operate the pump compared to using the e-Learning program only. In two experiments, the e-Learning only group learned using only the e-Learning program. The e-Learning + hands-on group was instructed to use a syringe pump during the e-Learning to repeat the presented content (section “Experiment 1”) or to alternate between learning on the e-Learning program and applying the learned content using the pump (section “Experiment 2”). We conducted a skills test, a knowledge test, and assessed confidence in using the pump immediately after learning and two weeks later. Simply repeating the content (section “Experiment 1”) did not improve performance of e-Learning + hands-on compared with e-Learning only. The instructed learning process (section “Experiment 1”) resulted in significantly better skills test performance for e-Learning + hands-on compared to the e-Learning only. Only a structured learning process based on multi-media learning principles and memory research improved procedural skills in relation to operating a medical device.
A multidisciplinary approach disclosing unexplored Aflatoxin B1 roles in severe impairment of vitamin D mechanisms of action
Authors: Persico Marco , Sessa Raffaele , Cesaro Elena , Dini Irene , Costanzo Paola , Ritieni Alberto , Fattorusso Caterina , Grosso Michela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, is the most toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin among the classes of aflatoxins. Previous research showed that AFB1 affects vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. In the present study, integrated computational and experimental studies were carried out to investigate how AFB1 can interfere with Vitamin D signalling. A competitive antagonism of AFB1 toward RXRα and VDR was hypothesized by comparing the docked complex of AFB1/RXRα and AFB1/VDR ligand-binding domain (LBD) with the X-ray structures of RXRα and VDR bound to known ligands. Accordingly, we demonstrated that AFB1 can affect vitamin D-mediated transcriptional activation of VDR by impairing the formation of protein complexes containing both VDR-RXRα and RXRα/RAR and affecting the subcellular localization of VDR and RXRα. As a whole, our data indicate that AFB1 can interfere with different molecular pathways triggered by vitamin D with an antagonistic mechanism of action.