bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Recession Wedge Trochleoplasty
Authors: Dandu Navya , Knapik Derrick M. , Darwish Reem Y. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Trochlear dysplasia represents one of the main anatomic risk factors for patellar instability, with risk of failure and unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with unaddressed dysplasia undergoing patellar stabilization. Indications: Patients with trochlear dysplasia characterized by supratrochlear prominence (DeJour B or D) and recurrent patellar instability, especially following failed soft tissue or bony stabilization. This technique addresses an anterior trochlea without pathologic convexity, as convexity may require conversion to other techniques for groove deepening (eg, DeJour “thick flap” or Schottle “thin flap”). Technique Description: A 6-cm lateral parapatellar arthrotomy is created. A marking pen is used to identify the native center of the trochlea, as well as the location of the planned resection and bony hinge point laterally. An osteotome is used to remove a wedge of bone proximally, such that the posterior aspect of the osteotomy is in line with the anterior femoral cortex. A resection guide is then used to perforate the lateral cortex, with care to avoid damaging the cartilage, and carried laterally and distally to ensure the bony cuts are connected, creating the bony flap. To ensure that all bony bridges are eliminated, the arthroscope is placed into the osteotomy to visualize reduction of the trochlea with manual pressure. A knotless PEEK anchor loaded with 8 loaded sutures is then placed on the roof of the trochlear notch. Sutures are then secured using anchors placed at the center of the trochlea, at the superolateral corner and far lateral edge of the trochlea to reduce the osteotomy, with 2 to 3 sutures placed in each anchor depending on surgeon preference. Results: Trochleoplasty has been reported to decrease the rate of recurrent patellar dislocation while improving mean Kujala score and knee function. Benefits of trochleoplasty must be balanced against the high rate of potential complications, primarily pain and decreased knee range of motion, secondary to the technical challenges and steep learning curve inherent to effectively performing the procedure. Discussion/Conclusion: Patients with recurrent patellar instability with trochlear dysplasia and failed prior stabilization may experience improved stability and outcomes following trochleoplasty.
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies determinant of panobinostat sensitivity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jiang Chuang , Qian Maoxiang , Gocho Yoshihiro , Yang Wentao , Du Guoqing , Shen Shuhong , Yang Jun J. , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, including histone acetylation, contribute to the malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells and disease progression, as well as the emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Targeting histone acetylation provides new strategies for the treatment of cancers. As a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma and has shown promising antileukemia effects in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the underlying drug resistance mechanism in ALL remains largely unknown. Using genome-wide Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)9 (CRISPR/Cas9) screening, we identified mitochondrial activity as the driver of panobinostat resistance in ALL. Mechanistically, ectopic SIRT1 expression activated mitochondrial activity and sensitized ALL to panobinostat through activating mitochondria-related apoptosis pathway. Meanwhile, the transcription level of SIRT1 was significantly associated with panobinostat sensitivity across diverse tumor types and thus could be a potential biomarker of panobinostat response in cancers. Our data suggest that patients with higher SIRT1 expression in cancer cells might benefit from panobinostat treatment, supporting the implementation of combinatorial therapy with SIRT1 or mitochondrial activators to overcome panobinostat resistance.
Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of myelodysplastic syndromes in cell-free DNA
Authors: Garcia-Gisbert Nieves , Garcia-Ávila Sara , Merchán Brayan , Salido Marta , Fernández-Rodríguez Concepción , Gibert Joan , Fernández-Ibarrondo Lierni , Camacho Laura , Lafuente Marta , Longarón Raquel , Espinet Blanca , Vélez Patricia , Pujol Ramon M. , Andrade-Campos Marcio , Arenillas Leonor , Salar Antonio , Calvo Xavier , Besses Carles , Bellosillo Beatriz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Molecular and cytogenetic studies are essential for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis has been reported to be a reliable noninvasive approach for detecting molecular abnormalities in MDS; however, there is limited information about cytogenetic alterations and monitoring in cfDNA. We assessed the molecular and cytogenetic profile of a cohort of 70 patients with MDS by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA and compared the results to sequencing of paired bone marrow (BM) DNA. Sequencing of BM DNA and cfDNA showed a comparable mutational profile (92.1% concordance), and variant allele frequencies (VAFs) strongly correlated between both sample types. Of note, SF3B1 mutations were detected with significantly higher VAFs in cfDNA than in BM DNA. NGS and microarrays were highly concordant in detecting chromosomal alterations although with lower sensitivity than karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Nevertheless, all cytogenetic aberrations detected by NGS in BM DNA were also detected in cfDNA. In addition, we monitored molecular and cytogenetic alterations and observed an excellent correlation between the VAFs of mutations in BM DNA and cfDNA across multiple matched time points. A decrease in the cfDNA VAFs was detected in patients responding to therapy, but not in nonresponding patients. Of note, cfDNA analysis also showed cytogenetic evolution in 2 nonresponsive cases. In summary, although further studies with larger cohorts are needed, our results support the analysis of cfDNA as a promising strategy for performing molecular characterization, detection of chromosomal aberrations and monitoring of patients with MDS.
Quercetin mitigates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting adenosine deaminase in rats
Authors: El-Said Karim Samy , Atta Amira , Mobasher Maysa A. , Germoush Mousa O. , Mohamed Tarek M. , Salem Maha M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by synovial proliferation and bone destruction. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key inflammatory enzyme that increases joint stiffness and pain in RA. In this study, we evaluated the in-silico, and in vivo inhibitory effect of quercetin isolated from Egyptian Fenugreek on ADA enzyme activity. We also determined the combinatorial effect of quercetin on methotrexate mediated anti-inflammatory efficacy and toxicity. In-silico molecular docking was conducted and confirmed in an in vivo RA rat model. The results showed that the inhibition constant of quercetin on joint ADA by docking and in-vitro was 61.9 and 55.5 mM, respectively. Therefore, quercetin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in a rat RA model as evidenced by reducing the specific activity of ADA in joint tissues, lower jaw volume, enhance body weight, downregulate ADA gene expression, reduce levels of RA cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, also, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide RA biomarker levels. These findings demonstrate that the purified quercetin has a promising anti-inflammatory effect against RA disease through its inhibitory effects on the ADA enzyme. Furthermore, isolated quercetin improved the anti-inflammatory efficacy of methotrexate, reduced its toxic effects by increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative stress.
Dynamic Characteristics of High-speed Water-Lubricated Spiral Groove Thrust Bearing Based on Turbulent Cavitating Flow Lubrication Model
Authors: Lin Xiaohui , Wang Shun , Jiang Shuyun , Zhang Shaowen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe water-lubricated bearings are usually the state of turbulent cavitating flow under high-speed conditions. And the distribution of cavitation bubbles and the interface effect between the two phases have not been included in previous studies on high-speed water-lubricated bearings. In order to study the influence of interface effect and cavitation bubble distribution on the dynamic characteristics of high-speed water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearings (SGTB).A turbulent cavitating flow lubrication model based on two-phase fluid and population balance equation of bubbles was established in this paper. Stiffness and the damping coefficients of the SGTB were calculated using the perturbation pressure equations. An experimental apparatus was developed to verify the theoretical model. Simulating and experimental results show that the small-sized bubbles tend to generate in the turbulent cavitating flow when at a high rotary speed, and the bubbles mainly locate at the edges of the spiral groove. The simulating results also show that the direct stiffness coefficients are increased due to cavitation effect, and cross stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients are hardly affected by the cavitation effect. Turbulent effect on the dynamic characteristics of SGTB is much stronger than the cavitating effect
Improved Multi-Bandwidth Mode Manifold for Enhanced Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Du Guifu , Jiang Tao , Wang Jun , Jiang Xingxing , Zhu Zhongkui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVariational mode decomposition (VMD) has been proved to be useful for extraction of fault-induced transients of rolling bearings. Multi-bandwidth mode manifold (Triple M, TM) is one variation of the VMD, which units multiple fault-related modes with different bandwidths by a nonlinear manifold learning algorithm named local tangent space alignment (LTSA). The merit of the TM method is that the bearing fault-induced transients extracted contain low level of in-band noise without optimization of the VMD parameters. However, the determination of the neighborhood size of the LTSA is time-consuming, and the extracted fault-induced transients may have the problem of asymmetry in the up-and-down direction. This paper aims to improve the efficiency and waveform symmetry of the TM method. Specifically, the multi-bandwidth modes consisting of the fault-related modes with different bandwidths are first obtained by repeating the recycling VMD (RVMD) method with different bandwidth balance parameters. Then, the LTSA algorithm is performed on the multi-bandwidth modes to extract their inherent manifold structure, in which the natural nearest neighbor (Triple N, TN) algorithm is adopted to efficiently and reasonably select the neighbors of each data point in the multi-bandwidth modes. Finally, a weight-based feature compensation strategy is designed to synthesize the low-dimensional manifold features to alleviate the asymmetry problem, resulting in a symmetric TM feature that can represent the real fault transient components. The major contribution of the improved TM method for bearing fault diagnosis is that the pure fault-induced transients are extracted efficiently and are symmetrical as the real. One simulation analysis and two experimental applications in bearing fault diagnosis validate the enhanced performance of the improved TM method over the traditional methods. This research proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method which has the advantages of high efficiency, good waveform symmetry and enhanced in-band noise removal capability.
Embedment properties of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) treated with resin impregnation
Authors: Ogawa Keita , Fukuta Satoshi , Kobayashi Kenji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo strengthen the embedment properties of wood, this study applied the resin impregnation technique, which fills the resin into wood cells. The urethane prepolymer and acrylic monomer were selected in this study. A mechanical test by a round steel bar loaded to the wood specimen was conducted. The characteristics showed higher values in the resin-impregnated groups than in the control specimen group, especially in the stiffness. The urethane- and acryl-impregnated group showed 3.78 and 2.27 times the stiffness values of the control groups in the parallel-loaded condition, and 1.94 and 1.24 times those of the control group in the perpendicularly loaded condition, respectively. Although the stiffness was significantly increased, there was a lack of ductility, which seems to be a serious problem for construction application.
TIME, to move forward? comment on “a universal outcome measure for headache treatments, care-delivery systems and economic analysis”
Authors: Gil-Gouveia Raquel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper from Steiner et al. suggests that an outcome measure expressed in time units may be an adequate method to assess the impact of headache disorders, regardless of diagnosis or health care setting, proving useful for cost-benefit analysis and health policy definition. Using time lost to each attack – weighted by disability – may prove to be a reliable measure to establish the effectiveness of acute treatment, but if considering also the attack frequency it could evaluate the effects of preventive strategies. A measure such as the Headache Gauge, which translates the proportion of time lost to headache -related disability, has proven to be applicable also in routine clinical practice as well, and can be tested in clinical trials and populational analysis. There are practical limitations, such as disability assessment and the need for prospective data collection to avoid recall bias but it seems consensual that impairment related to primary headache disorders is primarily driven by the TIME stolen from the perfect health status.
Exosomal lncRNA TUG1 from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes liver cancer cell migration, invasion, and glycolysis by regulating the miR-524-5p/SIX1 axis
Authors: Lu Le , Huang Jingjing , Mo Jiantao , Da Xuanbo , Li Qiaoxin , Fan Meng , Lu Hongwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence suggests that taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is crucial for tumor progression; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized.

Methods
The expression levels of TUG1, miR-524-5p, and sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The regulatory relationships were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation and invasion were assessed using Cell Counting Kit 8 and transwell assays. Glucose uptake, cellular levels of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were detected using commercially available kits. Silencing of TUG1 or SIX1 was performed by lentivirus transduction. Protein levels were measured by immunoblotting.

Results
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-secreted exosomes promoted migration, invasion, and glycolysis in HepG2 cells by releasing TUG1. The promotive effects of CAFs-secreted exosomes were attenuated by silencing of TUG1. TUG1 and SIX1 are targets of miR-524-5p. SIX1 knockdown inhibited the promotive effects of miR-524-5p inhibitor. Silencing of TUG1 suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis and therefore increased survival of xenograft model mice. We also found that TUG1 and SIX1 were increased in HCC patients with metastasis while miR-524-5p was decreased in HCC patients with metastasis.

Conclusions
CAFs-derived exosomal TUG1 promoted migration, invasion, and glycolysis in HCC cells via the miR-524-5p/SIX1 axis. These findings may help establish the foundation for the development of therapeutics strategies and clinical management for HCC in future.
How to measure the impact of citizen science on environmental attitudes, behaviour and knowledge? A review of state-of-the-art approaches
Authors: Somerwill Luke , Wehn Uta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of citizen science are wide ranging, influencing science, society, the economy, the environment, as well as individual participants. However, in many citizen science projects, impact evaluation is still overly simplistic. This is particularly the case when assessing the impact of participation in citizen science on the environmental attitudes, behaviour and knowledge of citizen scientists. In an attempt to bridge the gap between the state of the art in relevant scientific fields and citizen science, this systematic literature review identified best practices and approaches in the field of environmental psychology for measuring environmental attitudes, behaviour and knowledge. From the literature, five relevant and validated approaches were identified that can be used to measure changes in attitudes, behaviour and knowledge in citizen science projects. This would allow for improved understanding of the impacts of citizen science, as well as for improved project evaluation as a whole.
Co-axial electrospraying of injectable multi-cancer drugs nanocapsules with polymer shells for targeting aggressive breast cancers
Authors: Khan Mujibur , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Barnett Anne , Piranlioglu Raziye , Rashid Mohammad , Alptekin Ahmet , Arbab Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing potential for nanocarrier-based drug delivery in cancer. However, an incomplete understanding of nano–bio interactions and the challenges regarding processing and fabrication in scale-up engineering techniques, controls over drug release, efficacy, and cytotoxicity to the human cell are the major challenges for its clinical success. The purpose of the study was to develop an electrospraying processing of injectable nanonized encapsulated chemotherapeutics to target primary and metastatic breast cancer tumor microenvironment for precise and controlled delivery.ResultsA novel coaxial electrospraying of multiple cancer drugs (paclitaxel and GW2580) as core and polycaprolactam (PCL) as the shell has been developed to produce multi-cancer drug nanocapsules. Using electrospraying process, we have successfully made nanocapsules containing paclitaxel to target breast cancer cells and GW2580, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor to target CSF1R+ myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironments (TME). The UV–vis drug release test for 14 days shows a prolonged and sustained release pattern of both the drugs. In vitro and in vivo results showed the effects of nanocapsules containing multiple drugs in controlling the growth of tumor cells and increased survival of the animal bearing breast cancers.ConclusionNanonized multi-cancer drugs were encapsulated in a PCL shell. The drug doses ratio and the polymer-to-drug ratio were controlled by engineered process parameters. The studies showed the importance of making nanocapsules containing nanocrystals of multiple drugs, which will pave the way of making multiple drug combinations in a controlled manner and capsules can be designed for sustained release of the drugs after accumulation into the TME. TME-directed therapy can be a norm in future cancer treatment strategies. These injectable nanocapsules will allow cancer site-specific precision and controlled delivery to cure primary and metastatic breast cancer and to overcome the chemotherapy resistance.
Global invasion history of the emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora multivora
Authors: Tsykun Tetyana , Prospero Simone , Schoebel Corine N. , Rea Alexander , Burgess Treena I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundglobal trade in living plants and plant material has significantly increased the geographic distribution of many plant pathogens. As a consequence, several pathogens have been first found and described in their introduced range where they may cause severe damage on naïve host species. Knowing the center of origin and the pathways of spread of a pathogen is of importance for several reasons, including identifying natural enemies and reducing further spread. SeveralPhytophthoraspecies are well-known invasive pathogens of natural ecosystems, includingPhytophthora multivora.Following the description ofP. multivorafrom dying native vegetation in Australia in 2009, the species was subsequently found to be common in South Africa where it does not cause any remarkable disease. There are now reports ofP. multivorafrom many other countries worldwide, but not as a commonly encountered species in natural environments.Resultsa global collection of 335 isolates from North America, Europe, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands, and New Zealand was used to unravel the worldwide invasion history ofP. multivora,using 10 microsatellite markers for all isolates and sequence data from five loci from 94 representative isolates. Our population genetic analysis revealed an extremely low heterozygosity, significant non-random association of loci and substantial genotypic diversity suggesting the spread ofP. multivorareadily by both asexual and sexual propagules. TheP. multivorapopulations in South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand show the most complex genetic structure, are well established and evolutionary older than those in Europe, North America and the Canary Islands.Conclusionsaccording to the conducted analyses, the world invasion ofP. multivoramost likely commenced from South Africa, which can be considered the center of origin of the species. The pathogen was then introduced to Australia, which acted as bridgehead population for Europe and North America. Our study highlights a complex global invasion pattern ofP. multivora, including both direct introductions from the native population and secondary spread/introductions from bridgehead populations.
Insights into glucosinolate accumulation and metabolic pathways in Isatis indigotica Fort.
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Liu Rui , Zheng Jinyu , Wang Zirong , Gao Tian’e , Qin Miaomiao , Hu Xiangyang , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Shu , Li Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Glucosinolates (GSLs) play important roles in defending against exogenous damage and regulating physiological activities in plants. However, GSL accumulation patterns and molecular regulation mechanisms are largely unknown in Isatis indigotica Fort.

Results
Ten GSLs were identified in I. indigotica, and the dominant GSLs were epiprogoitrin (EPI) and indole-3-methyl GSL (I3M), followed by progoitrin (PRO) and gluconapin (GNA). The total GSL content was highest (over 20 μmol/g) in reproductive organs, lowest (less than 1.0 μmol/g) in mature organs, and medium in fresh leaves (2.6 μmol/g) and stems (1.5 μmol/g). In the seed germination process, the total GSL content decreased from 27.2 μmol/g (of seeds) to 2.7 μmol/g (on the 120th day) and then increased to 4.0 μmol/g (180th day). However, the content of indole GSL increased rapidly in the first week after germination and fluctuated between 1.13 μmol/g (28th day) and 2.82 μmol/g (150th day). Under the different elicitor treatments, the total GSL content increased significantly, ranging from 2.9-fold (mechanical damage, 3 h) to 10.7-fold (MeJA, 6 h). Moreover, 132 genes were involved in GSL metabolic pathways. Among them, no homologs of AtCYP79F2 and AtMAM3 were identified, leading to a distinctive GSL profile in I. indigotica. Furthermore, most genes involved in the GSL metabolic pathway were derived from tandem duplication, followed by dispersed duplication and segmental duplication. Purifying selection was observed, although some genes underwent relaxed selection. In addition, three tandem-arrayed GSL-OH genes showed different expression patterns, suggesting possible subfunctionalization during evolution.

Conclusions
Ten different GSLs with their accumulation patterns and 132 genes involved in the GSL metabolic pathway were explored, which laid a foundation for the study of GSL metabolism and regulatory mechanisms in I. indigotica.