bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferred Characteristics of Medical Library Directors: An Analytical Network Process Modeling for Selection of Recruitment Criteria in Academic Institutions
Authors: Esmaeili Samira , Nemati-Anaraki Leila , Asadi Saeid , Mohamadzadeh Shirin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to rank the factors affecting the appointment of health library at central libraries of Iranian universities of medical sciences through employing the analytic network process. The statistical population of this applied study comprised the research directors and deputies as well as managers and assistants of central libraries of three universities of medical sciences of whom 12 were selected through the census method. Data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using the decision-making techniques of ANP in Super Decisions 2.0.8. Results revealed that among criteria related to occupational factors, honesty and integrity obtained a higher rank. Out of the criteria related to organizational factors, familiarity with organizational technology and perception of objectives and strategies were two high-ranked criteria. Finally, from the criteria related to environmental factors, familiarity with the customer was ranked top, while familiarity with economic factors was ranked as the least important determinant. This study was aimed at offering a framework for step-by-step ranking of major criteria in the selection and recruitment of library directors in libraries for health professions education/academic health sciences libraries.
Crystal structure of 6-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)chroman-4-one (6-bromo-4′-chloroflavanone), C15H10BrClO2
Authors: Maluleka Marole M. , Mphahlele Malose J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
C15H10BrClO2 monoclinic P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.2173(6) Å, b = 20.7174(14) Å, c = 6.9035(4) Å, β = 99.332(3)°, V = 1300.83(14) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0153, wRref
(F
2) = 0.121, T = 173(2) K.
Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade
Authors: Chan Sun Marie , Landinaff Marie A. S. , Thoplan Ruben 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade. There is established evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus is preceded by a phase, during which there is a cluster of conditions including raised triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, high blood pressure and central obesity. This cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, constitutes the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, there is need to screen for this syndrome among the population for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus which is a global public health problem. Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mauritius, research work on MetS is scarce. This study was thus undertaken with the primary objective to determine the prevalence of MetS among the employees of a public educational institution in Mauritius. A cross-sectional study which involved randomly identified employees was conducted. The participants were requested to fill in a survey questionnaire, undergo biometric measurements (waist circumference and blood pressure) and venous blood sample collection in a fasting condition. The blood tests included the determination of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The 2009 International Diabetes Federation criteria were used for the diagnosis of MetS. The presence of any 3 of 5 risk factors, raised triglycerides, raised glucose, lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure and central obesity constitutes a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Department of Medicine Research Ethics Committee of the University of Mauritius. The prevalence of MetS was found to be 20.1% (40 participants), in the overall population, 31.4% in men (22 out of 70) and 13.95% in women (18 out of 129). The determination of any association by means of the Chi square tests showed there was a significant association between gender and MetS (p < 0.01). Educational level was also associated with the MetS (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed t\he significant association between MetS with gender (p < 0.01) where male gender was more associated with MetS than female. This study with the determination of the prevalence of the MetS among employees constituted the first step in the implementation of a structured workplace health intervention programme in Mauritius. We highlight the importance of workplace interventions with the involvement of a multi-disciplinary team of health professionals for the primary prevention of diabetes, through the screening for the MetS among employees.
Development of an online assessment system to evaluate knowledge on chemical safety and security
Authors: Martinez Imee Su , Innasi Daniel Ashok Maria , Perera Rohan P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEducation and information dissemination are fundamental to safety and security risk management and mitigation. A web-based examination system calledOPCW eQChemSSwas developed to assess individuals on their knowledge in chemical safety and security. This can be used as an evaluation tool for chemical safety and security courses, workshops, and seminars. A database of questions was included in this web-based software, which was divided into three categories. Category A is general chemistry level safety, Category B is chemical safety related to organic and inorganic compounds, and Category C is on chemical safety and security and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The system was designed to automatically check the examination and instantly provide the result of the test in terms of percentage correct answers. A feedback mechanism from the examinees was also included to assess the effectiveness of this e-learning educational material. The importance of e-learning materials in this time of COVID-19 pandemic cannot be more emphasized. The need for readily accessible e-sources that will aid in virtual learning for various topics will be significant even in the coming new normal of hybrid or flexible learning where both online and face-to-face learning may be implemented.
Efficient Generalized Ridge Regression
Authors: Obenchain Robert L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The original ridge estimator of the unknown p×1 vector of β-coefficients in a linear model used a single scalar, k, to determine a point on a shrinkage path of finite length that extends from the Ordinary Least Squares estimator, ^β
0, to the shrinkage terminus (usually ^β ≡ 0). Generalized ridge estimators use two or more parameters to determine not only the shape of their shrinkage path but also a specific point on that path. The efficient generalized ridge regression path proposed here is a continuous two-piece linear function that (1) starts at ^β
0, the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator, (2) has its interior knot at the ^ β-estimator with Maximum Likelihood of achieving overall minimum MSE risk under normal distribution-theory, and (3) ends at the shrinkage terminus. This new path is efficient in the senses that it is the shortest path and, at least when p > 2, essentially the only known shrinkage path that always contains the ^ β-vector that is most likely to be optimally biased. Functions in R-packages freely distributed via CRAN perform the calculations and produce the graphics used here to illustrate shrinkage concepts by interpreting ridge Trace diagnostic plots. These new concepts and visual tools provide invaluable data-analytic insights and improved self-confidence to applied researchers and data scientists fitting linear models when p, the number of non-constant X-predictor variables in the model, is strictly less than the number of observations available.
Effect of sodium lignosulfonate on the anti-redeposition ability of cotton cloth in a SDBS-Na2C2O4-CMC formulation
Authors: Gong Fengli , Xu Hong , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) is an excellent phosphorus-free agent, but in sodium oxalate-containing detergents with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), significant ash deposition occurs on cotton fabrics. SDBS is the main anionic surfactant in modern detergents and cotton fiber is the most commonly used textile fiber. In this study, sodium lignosulfonate (LS) was investigated for its ability to prevent redeposition in SDBS-Na2C2O4-CMC-LS formulations. The effects of LS on ash content, whiteness, optimum washing temperature, calcium oxalate morphology, zeta potential and surface tension were carefully analyzed. The results showed that the addition of LS significantly improved the prevention of ash deposits on cotton fibers. The ash content was less than 0.46% and a small amount of particles were scattered on the cotton fibers. LS showed good dispersibility but had little effect on the washing power and zeta-potential.
Development of cream to enhance the antifungal activity and reduce the side effects of fluconazole for the treatment of Candida albicans
Authors: Bhaskaran Navya Ajitkumar , Salwa  , Fernandes Amanda Velinna , Volfová Gabriela , Pydi Chinna Raja , Kumar Lalit , Verma Ruchi , Marques Shirleen Miriam , Shirodkar Rupesh Kalidas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to formulate a fluconazole cream for the treatment of Candida albicans. The optimized cream formulation was prepared using stearic acid, oleic acid, beeswax and borax. The uniform distribution of the active ingredient fluconazole could be confirmed in all formulated creams. The FC-C-C formulation showed satisfactory spreadability and extrudability. FC-C-C delivered (95.07 ± 15.85)% in only 36 h, and the formulation released the drug by an anomalous diffusion mechanism. The viscosity of FC-C-C was found to be (63.20 ± 0.83) cP. The antifungal study and animal studies confirmed that the prepared formulation is non-irritant and has an enhanced antifungal activity that reduces the side effects of fluconazole. The studies confirm that the prepared formulation may be useful for the treatment of Candida albicans.
Design of Medical Graphic Aided Visual Elements Active Communication Algorithm in Print Advertising
Authors: Li Shuo , Li Jianjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When traditional methods collect graphic aided visual elements in print advertising, there are some problems, such as low feature extraction rate and low efficiency of visual communication. Therefore, this paper designs an active communication algorithm of graphic aided visual elements in print advertising. This paper analyzes the types of graphic aided visual elements in print ads and analyzes the feature vectors of graphic aided visual elements in print ads by mapping subgraphs; the variance matrix and covariance matrix of graphic auxiliary visual elements in print advertising are constructed by normalizing the graphic auxiliary visual elements with a one-dimensional function. The active communication algorithm of graphic auxiliary visual elements in print advertising is designed by an orthogonal transformation matrix. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the visual recognition rate and visual communication efficiency of auxiliary elements.
Thermochemical Conversion of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) for Biochar Production by Retort Carbonization
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Ighalo Joshua O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Luffa cylindrica is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics as a cultivated and naturalized plant. Its noncompetitive use as just a local wash sponge in West Africa makes it readily available for biochar production. Biochar is an important product relevant to a variety of energy and environmental applications. This study evaluates the properties of L. cylindrica biomass and the biochar obtained from its retort carbonization. The biochar was produced using a top-lift updraft reactor at a peak temperature of 269°C and a yield of 66.67 %. The biomass and biochar samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. FTIR analyses revealed the presence of hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, and aromatic carbon groups in the biomass, which were broken down during the retort carbonization. The SEM analysis shows the biochar as a porous material, which was confirmed by the BET analysis.
The Offence under Article 305 of the Industrial Property Law and the Limitations of Protection Law for a Trademark (in Particular Due to Tolerance): Comparative Legal Remarks in the Context of the Planned Amendment of the IPL Provisions
Authors: Trzebiatowski Marcin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Among the rights that precede rights in the registration of a trademark, Polish law does not take into account the rights to signs acquired as a result of their use in trade. It also does not take into account such rights in regard to excluding the effectiveness of the right from registration due to the tolerance of such rights arising later. Meanwhile, the aforementioned rights are raised not only in cases of infringement of the protection right for a trademark but also in criminal cases concerning a counterfeit trademark (Art. 305 of the Industrial Property Law). In connection with the proposed deregulation of the Industrial Property Law Act, a question arises about the need for a more comprehensive amendment of the relevant provisions. This question also concerns the provisions on criminal liability, namely whether they should not directly – as is the case with the provisions on civil liability – condition the claim for protection of the right to a trademark from its (full) effectiveness in a given case, including in the context of fulfilling the requirement of genuine use of the mark. These questions become all the more justified in the light of the comparison of the above-mentioned legal status with the solutions in this regard in other EU Member States (e.g. in German law) – in terms of the competitive legal position of enterprises using trademarks belonging to them in these countries, respected on the basis of national legislation.
Taste as an Example of a Non-Standard Subject of Protection in Polish Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Ślęzak Piotr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this text, I put forward the thesis that the taste of a dish or food product may be protected under intellectual property law. As is known, intellectual property law protects the creations of human intellect. Culinary, perceived by recipients mainly through the prism of taste, is undoubtedly one of the many areas in which human ingenuity is manifested. Therefore it is not surprising that the protection covers various intangible goods related to the taste of dishes and culinary products, such as quality labels, trademarks, works and legally protected secrets; one can and should ask about the ‘saturation’ of culinary issues with intellectual property. This study is an attempt to indicate the legal institutions applicable to the protection of culinary arts. It is disputed whether taste can be considered an object of copyright protection (in a work). This is due to the difficulty in identifying the elements of creativity in cooking. These elements can be indicated in the taste as being a derivative of the composition of the ingredients of the dish, their proportions and the harmony between them. There is no doubt that taste can be protected under the Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Indication and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed institutions, and as a sign of secrecy, be it by a cook or an entrepreneur employing a cook. On the other hand, the possibility of registering a taste as a trademark should be rejected.
The Qualification of a Trademark as a Trademark with Reputation: Comments in the Light of the Polish Administrative Courts’ Case Law
Authors: Rutkowska-Sowa Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On 16 June 2021, as a result of a cassation appeal, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) ruled that the reputation of a trademark is not determined by its qualitative aspects. This position should not come as a surprise, two decades after the judgment in the General Motors Corporation v. Yplon SA (Chevy) case. However, the justification of the SAC ruling indicates that in proceedings before the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland and Polish administrative courts, one cannot predict the exact interpretation these authorities will make. This article discusses the jurisprudence of the administrative courts in the field of the concept of trademarks with a reputation; it focuses on the quantitative and qualitative approach and refers to the scope of the binding of Polish courts by the interpretation of the law by the EU courts.
A Possible Exit Strategy from the ‘Halloumi Affair’: How to Solve Problems with CETA Ratification
Authors: Rubino Vito , Tereszkiewicz Filip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article explores the importance of geographical indications within the new trade policy of the European Union, using the example of the CETA and the dispute over Cypriot halloumi cheese. The authors point out that geographical indications occupy an important place within the European Commission’s negotiating strategy primarily because of their significance for the EU economy. In negotiations with third countries, such as Canada, a crucial problem is the different approaches to the protection of typical regional products. Therefore, the Union is trying to transfer its internal solutions to the international level. The detail of regulations, combined with the mixed nature of new trade agreements, makes trade policy vulnerable to blackmail by individual EU Member States. According to the authors, a reasonable solution to this problem – which was highlighted by Cyprus’s veto of the CETA – is to rely on the treaty provisions and the judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU. These indicate the exclusive competence of the EU in this area and impose an obligation on EU Member States to cooperate sincerely.
The Scope of Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Intellectual Property Disputes: Tackling Online Copyright Infringements
Authors: Knapp Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse critically the problems stemming from the current model of enforcing protection in cases of online copyright infringements. The Internet allows for the easy dissemination and exploitation of copyrighted works globally. Remote and immediate access to content may result in simultaneous infringement on a worldwide scale. There is a long history of disputes over the enforcement of protection with regard to online copyright infringement, and while new laws and judgments are passed there are still no effective remedies nor consensus regarding a common approach to the problem of the multiplicity of applicable laws and jurisdictions in the event of infringement – a problem that derives mainly from the principle of the territoriality of intellectual property rights. Throughout the years there have been many attempts to solve it, mostly in the form of soft law instruments. None of the recommendations are binding, therefore the obligation to reconcile the right to the protection of copyright with the limits of the jurisdiction falls on national courts. As a consequence, the current legal status quo does not provide sufficient predictability to the outcome of litigation.
The Concept of Abuse of Rights in the Context of the Possibility of Mitigating Lump-Sum Damages Claims in Polish Copyright Law
Authors: Ghazal Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In accordance with Article 79 (1)(3)(b) of the Polish Copyright and Related Rights Act, a right holder whose economic rights have been infringed may request the person who infringed those rights to remedy the loss caused by payment of a sum of money corresponding to twice the amount of the appropriate fee. The wording of the above provision indicates that the amount of the lump-sum compensation is not related to the damage sustained by the copyright holder. The ECJ has held that the regulation in question is in conformity with EU law. It follows from the ECJ’s judgment that Polish law permits reduction of a lump-sum claim in a situation where it exceeds the actual damage so clearly and substantially that such a demand would constitute an abuse of rights prohibited under Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/48. The possibility of mitigating damages is therefore a condition for the compatibility of the lump-sum compensation formula with EU copyright law. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the construction of abuse of rights allows for the reduction of the amount of a lump-sum compensation.
Crocodiles, pallettari, limeurs and arrotini: The Cultural Charge of the Slang Terms of the Tennis Lexicon in French and Italian Sports Dictionaries
Authors: Emanuele Valerio 
Published: April 2022

In this article, we undertake a contrastive analysis of some slang words and expressions of the tennis lexicon in French and Italian. Using the notion of "lexiculture", coined by Robert Galisson, we will adopt - on the basis of a corpus of dictionaries of sports and sports slang in both languages - a comparative approach, reviewing some "culturally charged" terminological entries relating to the French and Italian tennis lexicon. Through this approach, we aim not only to bring out the culture sedimented in the selected lexical units, but also to show how these cultural references — being often specific to the idiom and civilization in which these slang lexical units were forged — pose many difficulties when translating.
A Study on the Hapax Legomenon ‘yogun yolpa’ Hendiadys in Old Uyghur
Authors: Gulcali Zemire 
Published: April 2022

In Turkic, hendiadys has an important place as a method that is used for the
emphasis of an expression. In addition to Old Turkic inscriptions, hendiadyses,
which are often used in Old Uyghur texts, still survive in contemporary Turkic
languages. In this article, the hendiadys of yogun yolpa i.e.
‘unmannerly, cumbersome, rude, ugly’ which appears only once (hapax legomenon)
in Old Uyghur texts, and never in works from other periods, will be studied in
comparison to examples from contemporary Turkic languages. The etymology of the
two words yogun and yolpa which form the
hendiadys will be investigated. The first element of the hendiadys,
yogun, ‘intense, rude, rough, ugly’ has already been the
subject of various studies. The other element of the hendiadys, the word
yolpa, which does not appear in any other text, is analysed
in this article.
Reading the Blood Plague (Exodus 7:14–25): The Hermeneutics of a Composite Text
Authors: Najman Hindy , Schmid Konrad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay presents a methodological commitment to rethink the presuppositions about compositional practices with respect to the assembly and production of what we have come to call the Pentateuch. Throughout the article the authors present an account of the ancient biblical writers and readers as committed to producing difference—not to produce an overall seamless linear narrative. The textual example focuses on the blood plague but considers the composition of the Pentateuch and biblical composition more generally.