bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicoetiological Profile of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in the Therapeutic Window in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Chandra Amit , Wani Maqbool , Raina Adnan Firdous , Ganie Hilal Ahmad , Dar Waseem , Yaqoob Arjimand , Asimi Ravouf 
Published: November 2022

Background:
A stroke is defined by the rapid emergence of clinical symptoms and focuses on evidence (applicable to individuals in a deep coma and those with subarachnoid hemorrhage) or widespread brain damage. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute ischemic stroke in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Methods:
By analyzing case files and conducting patient interviews, information on the patients was gathered and evaluated. The study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on the 2018 American Heart Association and American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) thrombolysis guidelines for acute ischemic stroke. Recent major trauma or major surgery within 14 days not involving the head, seizure at the onset of stroke, systemic malignancy, and pregnancy were excluded.

Results:
The study enlisted the participation of 76 patients who were divided into two groups. Patients in the one group were given tenecteplase, whereas the other group were given alteplase. Patients in the tenecteplase and alteplase groups were of different ages and had various other risk factors for hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. The risk factor distribution in both the groups was statistically significant for variables such as hypertension and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Stroke in internal carotid artery territory was present in 3 out of 42 in the tenecteplase group and 2 out of 32 in the alteplase group. Most patients in both the groups had a stroke of undetermined cause. Small vessel and large vessel strokes were found in 9.5% and 14.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:
In the development of stroke, there is a definite relationship between age and gender. A sedentary lifestyle, food, and obesity are risk factors for stroke. According to an AHA/ASA drug utilization analysis, most medicines were appropriate for stroke patients.
Microbial Contamination on Mobile Phones of Health-care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India
Authors: Dar Shujauat Hussain , Bashir Gulnaz , Nisar Qounser , Majid Iqra , Khandi Muzaffar Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The use of mobile phones (MPs) in hospital halls, laboratories, intensive care units, and operating rooms is a common practice. There are no proper guidelines for the disinfection of MPs that meet hospital standards. This study investigated the bacterial contamination on MPs of health-care workers employed in tertiary healthcare Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.”

Materials and Methods:
One-hundred and fifty-five health-care workers (57 doctors, 50 nurses, 35 technical staff, and 21 other employees) were included in a cross-sectional study performed from January 2018 to June 2018 at the SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Social demographic characteristics (such as gender and occupation) and cell phone-related questions were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire (e.g., frequency of MP disinfection and use of the MP at work). Sample collection and processing were done correctly to avoid any bias.

Results:
Majority (79%) were working in different wards of the institute, followed by (51%) working in different laboratories and (8%) working in intensive care settings. The majority of the participants (42%) said they used their phone less than ten times per day; 33% said they used it 10–20 times/day. In terms of disinfection, 107 (69%) of the participants cleaned their MP occasionally, 31 (20%) never cleansed their phone, and just 17 (11%) regularly disinfected their phone. Out of 155 MPs sampled, 125 (80.6%) showed microbial growth, and 30 (19.4%) were free of microbial growth. Out of the total 125 positive samples, 51 (40.8%) were Gram-positive bacilli (which was considered as airborne contamination), 36 (28.8%) were Gram-positive cocci (GPC), 25 (20%) Gram-negative bacilli, 11 (8.8%) were mixed growth, and 2 (1.6%) were yeasts. Out of 36 GPC, Staphylococcus aureus was predominant, i.e., 15 (41.6%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 12 (33.3%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci spp. 7 (19.4%), and Streptococci spp. 2 (5.5%).

Conclusion:
Almost all MPs were contaminated, with more than half of them harboring pathogenic microorganisms. It could pose a significant risk to both health-care personnel and patients in the form of nosocomial infections.
Ultrasound-Tailored Treatment of Subacromial Shoulder Pain
Authors: Mishra Shailesh Kumar , Kaur Depinder , Dhanda Manjeet Singh 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives:
Subacromial shoulder pain is the most common cause of shoulder pain consultation in musculoskeletal practice. Partial supraspinatus tendon tears have frequently been treated using a subacromial corticosteroid injection or surgery. The clinical use of a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is an alternative treatment method for the condition, despite the paucity of evidence of its efficacy. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of autologous PRP in comparison to steroid injection in terms of pain relief and functional restoration in subacromial shoulder pathology.

Methodology:
All the patients above 18 years of either sex presenting with complaints of shoulder pain and painful abduction and elevation of arm for more than 6 weeks and not received any steroid injection in the previous 6 months were included in the study. In intra-articular PRP (IA-PRP), i.e., test group, 20 patients received 3 ml of single IA PRP injection, and in the steroid group (control group), 20 patients received 1 ml of intra-articular corticosteroid (IA CS) into glenohumeral joint under ultrasound (US) guidance. All patients were prospectively followed for 6 months.

Results:
There were no differences in visual analog scale (VAS) and disability scores between the PRP and corticosteroid groups at 1-month follow-up. However, the PRP group had better scores than the corticosteroid group on both the VAS and disability scores at 3- and 6-month follow-up. The VAS and disability scores did not change significantly at 6-month follow-up in the corticosteroid group; however, the PRP group showed continued improvement in both VAS and disability scores between 1- and 6-month follow-up. The PRP group had better scores than the corticosteroid group on shoulder range of motion after postintervention follow-up after 1 month. There were no complications in either group.

Conclusion:
Both subacromial PRP and corticosteroid injections had a positive clinical response in the treatment of shoulder pain. In view of the reached results, it may be assumed that steroid injections may provide symptomatic relief but not promote healing which makes PRP injection a good alternative as it is simple, easy to use, easily available, prepared from patient's own blood, and cost-effective. US-guided injections may increase the efficacy of accurately targeted injections.
Storage Lesions after Irradiation
Authors: Balasubramanyam Pramanya , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Hanumanthappa Nandeesha , Ram Anusuya , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives:
Saline adenine glucose mannitol (SAGM) with citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) or CPD adenine (CPDA) are two common red cell preservatives used in our country. This study analyzed and compared serial biochemical changes on different days of storage in irradiated packed red blood cells stored in CPDA and SAGM solutions. The aim of this study was to see if these changes are influenced by or different, if any, in these two storage solutions.

Patients and Methods:
Ninety units of RBCs were randomly chosen, with 45 units each collected in CPDA and SAGM, respectively. Nine units each were irradiated by gamma irradiator using cobalt 60 (BI 2000) on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of their storage, respectively. Nine units were not irradiated and used as controls. All the units were weekly assessed for their plasma levels of potassium, sodium, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate by Clinical Chemistry Auto-analyzer, Beckman Coulter AU680. The values were documented and analyzed by SPSS.

Results:
Baseline values on day 1 for potassium, lactate, and LDH were similar between SAGM- and CPDA-stored blood bags. Glucose and sodium levels were slightly higher in SAGM bags compared to CPDA. Postirradiation, the changes (increase in K+, Lactate, LDH and decrease in Na+, glucose) were higher in CPDA bags than SAGM bags, and the difference in this trend was not significantly different from that seen in nonirradiated blood bags stored in these two preservative solutions.

Conclusion:
Storage lesions (biochemical parameters) after irradiation were severe, but paralleled that observed in nonirradiated bags. The storage solution, either SAGM or CPDA, made no difference to these changes.
Immune Response against Hepatitis B Vaccine in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemic Children Vaccinated in Early Infancy
Authors: Hossain Fatema , Khatun Ayesha , Islam Md. Ashadul , Miah Sonia Shormin , Saha Subarna , Tanni Nusrat Noor 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives:
Children with thalassemia are much more vulnerable to being infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) through transfusion of blood and blood products. Although active immunization against HBV in early infancy is being conducted in Bangladesh by the inclusion of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in the expanded programme on immunization schedule, these children might have altered immune response against HepB due to inevitable iron overload resulting from the disease thalassemia itself as well as repeated transfusion therapy and also from exposure to different allogeneic antigens. The present study was designed to determine the immune response of HepB among transfusion-dependent thalassemic children.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 45 transfusion-dependent thalassemic children were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire after taking written informed consent from each participant's guardian. Each patient underwent a detailed history taking and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) titer was estimated to see the immune response against HepB.

Results:
Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The mean age of the studied children was 9.03 ± 3.78 standard deviation with slight female predominance (51.1% female and 48.9% male). According to the level of anti-HBs titer, the majority (44.4%) had moderate protection, whereas others had no (28.9%) or strong (26.7%) protection. No significant association between the total number of transfusions (approximate), different age groups, and postvaccination interval with anti-HBs titer was observed (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The present study observed an overall poor immune response against HepB as approximately only one-fourth of the study participants got strong protection against HBV. Assessment of anti-HBs titer followed by booster dose or revaccination if necessary is needed to be considered in transfusion-dependent thalassemic children vaccinated in early infancy.
Sense of Efficacy and Psychological Distress among Primary School Teachers in Kinta Utara District, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Ong Wan Xi , Chong Siew Koon , Zakaria Norzila , Bakar Raishan Shafini 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The Malaysian education system is moving from predominantly examination oriented to a more holistic continuous approach. Keeping up with paradigm change may cause psychological distress to teachers. Teachers’ sense of efficacy (TSE) is beneficial in coping with psychological distress in keeping up with such changes. This article discusses the prevalence of psychological distress among primary school teachers, its correlation with the level of sense of efficacy and associated sociodemographic factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 294 primary school teachers randomly chosen from ten schools in Kinta Utara District, Perak, Malaysia. Three questionnaires were used, namely sociodemographic profile, TSE Scale (TSES), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistical software version 26.

Results:
The mean scores of TSES were: TSE 7.1 (standard deviation [SD] 0.9), efficacy in classroom management (CME) 7.3 (SD 1.0), efficacy in instructional strategies (ISEs) 7.1 (SD 0.9) and efficacy in student engagement 7.0 (SD 1.0). This study showed the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among teachers at 22.1%, 44.6%, and 17.0%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that depression was negatively correlated with ISEs, while stress and anxiety were negatively correlated with CME.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that teachers with lower self-efficacy are more likely to experience psychological distress. It is important to improve teacher efficacy, especially in classroom management and instructional strategies, besides providing intervention for any mental health issues.
Aberrant DNA methylation and expression of EYA4 in gastric cardia intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Li Chenxi , Liu Zhaohui , Xu Guohua , Wu Shibin , Peng Yunhui , Wu Ruinuan , Zhao Shukun , Liao Xiaoqi , Lin Runhua 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the gastric cardia is an important premalignant lesion. However, there is limited information concerning its epidemiological and molecular features. Herein, we aimed to provide an overview of the epidemiological data for gastric cardiac IM and evaluate the role of EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 4 (EYA4) as an epigenetic biomarker for gastric cardiac IM.

Methods:
The study was conducted in the context of the gastric cardiac precancerous lesion program in southern China, which included 718 non-cancer participants, who undertook endoscopic biopsy and pathological examination in three endoscopy centers, between November 2018 and November 2021. Pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the DNA methylation status and protein expression level of EYA4.

Results:
Gastric cardiac IM presented in 14.1% (101/718) of participants and was more common among older (>50 years; 22.0% [95% CI: 17.8–26.8]) than younger participants (≤50 years; 6.7% [95% CI: 4.5–9.9]; P < 0.001). IM was more common in male participants (16.9% [95% CI: 13.2–21.3] vs. 11.3% [95% CI: 8.3–15.1]; P = 0.04). Pyrosequencing revealed that IM tissues exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels in EYA4 gene than normal tissues (P = 0.016). Further, the protein expression level of EYA4 was reduced in IM and absent in intraepithelial neoplasia tissues compared to normal tissues (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Detection rates of gastric cardiac IM increase with age and are higher in men. Our findings highlight the important role of promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of EYA4 in gastric cardiac IM development.
One-pot, mild and efficient multicomponent synthesis of novel various spiro-nitrogen heterocycle compounds
Authors: Adlu Maryam , Yavari Issa 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT. One-pot, mild and efficient synthesis of various spiro-nitrogen heterocycle compounds, based on the reaction of ninhydrin and 1,2-diamino-benzene, (indenoquinoxalin), with N-heterocycle compounds and dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates is described. Using this approach, various spiro-nitrogen heterocycle compounds at a temperature of 50-60 °C in acetonitrile solvent, can be obtained very high yields.

KEY WORDS: Ninhydrin, 1,2-Diaminobenzene, spiro-Nitrogen heterocycle compounds, Indenoquinoxalin, N-heterocycle compounds, Dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 115-122.
DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.10
Spectrophotometric detection of uric acid with enzyme-like reaction mediated 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine oxidation
Authors: Yang Jin , Cheng Shi Qi , Shi Rui , Ying Qin Shang , Huang Li , Lin Wang Yi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT. WO3 nanosheets (NSs) were prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The obtained WO3 NSs exhibited peroxidase-like catalytic activity, which can catalyze H2O2 to oxidize 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate oxidized TMB (oxTMB) with an absorption peak centered at 652 nm. Based on this, a facile method for the spectrophotometric determination of H2O2 was established. Under the selected conditions, the increase in absorbance of oxTMB enabled the detection of H2O2 ranging from 2.0 to 180 μM. Considering the fact that H2O2 is one of the products of urate oxidase (UAO)-catalyzed uric acid (UA) oxidation, a convenient method for the selective determination of UA was further developed with the help of UV–vis spectrophotometer. The increase of absorbance at 652 nm showed a linear response to UA concentration over the range of 2.0–180 μM. The limit of detection for UA was as low as 1.25 μM. More importantly, the proposed method was applied to the determination of UA in serum samples with satisfactory results.

KEY WORDS: Spectrophotometric, WO3 nanosheets, Uric acid, Determination

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 11-21.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.2
Primary GC-MS chemical analysis of alcoholic extract of Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. and screening of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic characteristics
Authors: El-Amier Y.A. , El‐Halawany E.F. , Soliman H.M. , El Hayyany L.Y. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT. The chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Emex spinosa shoots were primarily characterized by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), forty components were identified. The major components were ethyl 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate (10.11%), 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one (38.09%), 2-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol (5.75%), oleic acid (8.02%), and methyl (E)-octadec-16-enoate (5.91%). The results of antioxidant activity of leaves extract presented the most potent activity (IC50 = 29.92 mg mL-1), followed by stem extract (IC50 = 41.17 mg mL-1), and root extract (IC50 = 50.14 mg mL-1), comparable to that of the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 13.3 mg mL-1). The antibacterial results revealed that leaves extract is the most potent (22.0 mm) antibacterial agent against the variety of the tested species. Stem and leaves extracts are more potent (20 and 20 mm, respectively) than azithromycin (13.0 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa species, while root and leaves extracts displayed potent antibacterial activities than tetracycline (10 mm). The most potent activity was recorded for leaves extract against Bacillus cereus species (22.0 mm) higher than the standard antibiotics (5.0-20.0 mm). The cytotoxic activity of E. spinosa MeOH extract specified the EC50 value at 2.68 µg mL-1 attended by a cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cell lines with the effective dose of the plant extract at a higher concentration.

KEY WORDS: Emex spinosa, GC-MS, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic activities

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 101-114.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.9
Modelo de cultura organizacional para potenciar la calidad educativa en Colegios de bachillerato, Samborondón-Ecuador 2022
Authors: Baque Robert Jonny Galarza , Johnson Gladys Lola Luján , Baque George Artemio Galarza , Muentes Estrella del Rocío Sánchez , Bonilla Betty Maribel Delgado 
Published: November 2022

Estudio cuyo objetivo fue el diseño del modelo de cultura organizacional que permita potenciar la calidad educativa en colegios de Bachillerato en Samborondón, 2022, tipo básica-proyectiva, diseño no experimental y enfoque cuantitativo con niveles de alcance descriptivo, explicativo, predictivo-prospectivo, permitiendo la aplicación del método estadístico regresión logística ordinal sostén del modelo funcional teórico predictivo y sustento para el desarrollo de la propuesta. La muestra estudio integrada por 134 de 205 docentes. Cultura organizacional global en nivel medio (61,2 %) preponderando el nivel bajo en indicadores como, empowerment (84,3 %) y aprendizaje organizacional (76,9 %). La calidad educativa global en nivel medio (86,6 %), resaltando niveles bajo en indicadores, formación recibida (87,3 %), y comunicación social y participación ciudadana (81,3 %). Pruebas chi cuadrado de bondad de ajuste global (p<,05) y adecuación de datos (p>,05), Wald (p<,05) y Nagelkerke de 18,8 % se explica la influencia, en atención hacia la formación integral. Formación integral(1: Bajo) = -2,457 – 1,891Empowerment(1: Bajo); Formación integral(2: Medio) = 2,699 –1,418Trabajo en equipo(2: Medio) + 1,127 Dirección y propósitos(2: Medio) + 1,765Visión(2 Medio). Se propone un plan de mejora de la cultura organizacional para potenciar la calidad educativa desde la formación integral.
Současné teorie sociálního rozumění na pozadí sporu a antropologickou diferenci
Authors: Jaroš Filip 
Published: November 2022

Th is study is inspired by the book Jak rozumíme druhým? Studie o sociálním rozumění a sdílení světa nejen u člověka (How do we understand others? On social understanding and sharing of the world in humans and other animals) by Petr Urban and pays attention to current discussions about social cognition, namely in the case of non-linguistic agents. Most prominent positions are held by the group of comparative psychologists led by M. Tomasello, stemming from the philosophers of collective intentionality, and the group around D. Leavens and K. Bard, which is related to an interactivist interpretation of social cognition. It is demonstrated that the differences in the results of empirical studies are based on the ontological commitments of individual research programs, coupled with their relation to the problem of anthropological difference. The study questions the possibility of choosing a suitable theory by the means of the philosophy of science. At the end, a reinterpretation of non-human social cognition on the basis of umwelt theory is brought out.
Keputusan Penggunaan Pupuk Bersubsidi Petani Jagung di Kecamatan Insana Utara Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (Studi Kasus Desa Humusu Sainiub)
Authors: Maria Ilona Aleus Faot  , Umbu Joka  , Achmad Subchiandi Maulana  , Boanerges Putra Sipayung  
Published: November 2022

Penggunaan pupuk bersubsidi berpengaruh terhadap hasil usahatani jagung di desa Humusu Sainiub Kecamatan Insana Utara Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Dari hal tersebut menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keputusan petani jagung dalam membeli dan menggunakan pupuk bersubsidi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sampel jenuh dengan jumlah sampel 70 responden yang diambil dari 3 kelompok tani di Desa Humusu Sainiub Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis regresi logistik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut di dapatkan bahwa pada keputusan pembelian pupuk bersubsidi seperti pendapatan, Akses Informasi, luas lahan berpengaruh nyata sedangkan pengetahuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap keputusan pembelian pupuk bersubsidi dan pada keputusan penggunaan pupuk bersubsidi seperti pendidikan, empat tepat, pengalaman berpengaruh nyata sedangkan akses informasi dan luas lahan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap penggunaan pupuk di desa Humusu Sainiub.