bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH RASIO PERTUMBUHAN PREMI DAN RASIO BEBAN KLAIM TERHADAP TINGKAT KESEHATAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Melisa Anggraini  , Wulandari  , Maranata Bonaventura Hendrawan , Febe Tri Sinta Dewi  
Published: September 2022

Pandemic of Covid-19 makes people increase the awareness of insurance in their daily lives. This increase in awareness has led to the importance of insurance companies that have a good level of health and their performance can be assessed by the public. Performance in insurance companies can be reflected in a system called the Early Warning System. Meanwhile, the health level of the insurance company is reflected in Risk Based Capital. The Early Warning System consists of several ratios, including the premium growth ratio and claim expense ratio This study aims to test whether the premium growth ratio and claim expense ratio affect the health level of the insurance company. The health level of the insurance company is proxied with Risk Based Capital (RBC). The population used in this study were insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from the 2020-2021 period. The sample selection method used is purposive sampling. The hypothesis testing of the research used is multiple regression analysis using the eviews program. The result of this study is that there is no influence between the premium growth ratio and the health level of the insurance company and there is an influence between the claim expenses ratio and the health level of the insurance company.
The Initial Lexicogrammatical Competence of the English Education Freshmen
Authors: Barans I. Palangan  
Published: September 2022

According to Harmer, grammar and vocabulary are the elements of language. Therefore, they are essential in both language learning and language teaching. Halliday, furthermore, views that grammar and vocabulary (lexis) are mutually dependent and defines this interdependency as lexicogrammar. This research aims to describe the initial lexicogrammatical competence of the freshmen in the English Education Department in Universitas Nasional Karangturi. This research needs to be done since the initial linguistic competence is crucial for improving all language skills. To find out the learners’ initial lexico-grammatical profile, the TOEFL test battery, particularly section 2 (the structure and written expression test), was chosen as the instrument to describe the initial lexicogrammatical competence of the 16 students. After the test was administered, the average score was calculated, and the frequently missed questions were classified based on the classification of skills in the TOEFL book. The result shows that the students’ average score is 17.44 out of 40 and there are 23 questions frequently missed. These 23 frequently missed questions, moreover, comprise 22 lexicogrammar-related skills. The description of these 22 lexicogrammatical problems, thus, can inform the English Department regarding the grammar topics that need to be addressed when teaching the students. In this way, it is hoped that the findings can make a substantial contribution to what will be improved in teaching lexicogrammar
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG AGAR SEBAGAI PEMBUNGKUS PROTEIN IKAN PADA TEMPE
Authors: Mahardika Anggara , Lusiawati Dewi  , Dhanang Puspita  , Ferdy F Rondonuwu  
Published: September 2022

Tempe merupakan makanan asli Indonesia yang menjadi salah sumber protein nabati. Tempe dibuat dari fermentasi kacang kedelai menggunakan khamir Rhizous sp. Proses fermentasi ini dapat membuat tempe menjadi pangan fungsional karena protein pada kacang kedelai dirubah menjadi protein terlarut yang lebih sederhana dan mudah dicerna. Tempe banyak dikonsumsi msyarakat Indonesia karena harganya yang sangat terjangkau. Sebagai sumber protein dengan harga terjangkau, tempe memiliki kandungan protein lebih rendah dari pada ikan dan daging. Penambahan protein pada tempe sudah banyak diteliti, salah satunya dengan menambahkan tepung ikan pada proses pembuatan tempe. Namun penambahan protein ini dapat menurunkan kualitas tempe. Penurunan kualitas ini disebabkan karena khamir dapat tumbuh dengan sangat cepat sehingga mempercepat tempe menjadi busuk. Pada penelitian ini, tepung agar dari alga merah akan diaplikasikan sebagai pembungkus tepung ikan untuk menambah protein pada tempe. Tepung ikan yang dibungkus dengan tepung agar dalam bentuk boba dapat menjaga proteinnya tidak terdegradasi oleh khamir tempe. Hal ini ditunjukan dari data uji protein antara tempe tanpa boba ikan dan tempe boba ikan. Data uji protein menunjukan tidak adanya peningkatan protein terlalut selama masa fermentasi kedelai antara tempe boba ikan dan kontrol. Di sisi lain, data spectra inframerah dekat menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung agar sebagai pembungkus tepung ikan tidak merubah karakter kimia pada tepung ikan. Kemampuan tepung agar dalam menjaga protein ikan agar tidak terdegradasi ini disebabkan karena tidak adanya enzime agarose pada tempe.
IMPACTO DO DESCONHECIMENTO DO DISPOSITIVO INTRAUTERINO EM PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Ribeiro Dantas Luciano , Nunes Alves de Sousa Milena 
Published: September 2022

Problema: A Atenção Primária em promoção à saúde da mulher engloba o planejamento familiar e, tendo como desafios as variações socioculturais do país, a informação sobre métodos contraceptivos de longa duração não atinge o planejamento familiar de grande parte das gestações. O dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) de cobre, mesmo ofertado pelo SUS, ainda há resistência ao seu uso, mesmo com eficácia cientificamente comprovada. Objetivo: relatar uma experiência educativa às usuárias do SUS em relação ao DIU, com base na análise do desconhecimento sobre tal produto. Método: Relato de experiência de ação educativa sobre o DIU com base em informações coletadas de mulheres com gestações não planejadas. Resultados: A metodologia utilizada para direcionar as informações, conforme a demanda regional, foi o Arco de Maguerez, como estratégia problematizadora. Conclusão: Observou-se um aumento do interesse das mulheres ao DIU após a desmistificação de falsos conteúdos sobre o método. Os desafios encontrados foram superados parcialmente, mas questões de ampliação do alcance de informações do DIU, como método para planejamento familiar precisam de melhor estruturação e diversificação para melhora na promoção à saúde da mulher.
Selection Criteria of Ordinary Urban Heritages Through the Case of Bangrak, a Multi-Cultural & Old Commercial District of Bangkok
Authors: Jhearmaneechotechai Prin 
Published: September 2022

This paper examines preservation of an old and multicultural commercial district of Bangrak, Bangkok through application of ordinary urban heritage, which is an alternative approach, but one which can fill a gap in the heritage conservation process. The dual objectives of this paper are 1. Introducing an alternative lens for considering the heritages of ordinary people in an urban context through the case of Bangrak in Bangkok, Thailand; and 2. Identifying selection criteria of ordinary urban heritages.
Bangrak, the study area, is an old commercial district of inner Bangkok that is characterized by diversity in the different groups who live and work there, their cultures, and their heritages. This paper studied four areas comprising groups whose members originated from China, India-South Asia, Western countries, and Thailand.
The ordinary urban heritages discussed in this paper are outcomes of identifying selection criteria based on the methodology of three processes: (1) theoretical reviews of vernacular heritage, ordinary heritage, and urban heritage, making use of AHD (Authorised Heritage Discourse) to distinguish “official” heritages identified by Thai government agencies, and the ordinary urban heritages of Bangrak. (2) analysis of historical maps, and (3) non-participant observational surveys to verify locations and appearances of ordinary urban heritages identified by the analysis of historical maps.
The selection criteria of ordinary urban heritages of Bangrak are outcomes of five factors: (1) The amount of time the heritage has been present in the area, (2) Heritages of ordinary people, (3) Repetitive appearance or cluster of heritages, (4) Ability to adapt to urbanization, and (5) Present-day existence of heritages in four areas of different cultures.
The ordinary urban heritages identified as the result of selection criteria comprise shophouses, urban patterns of “Trok” (small alleys), and sacred places in the communities. As buildings, shophouses are, per se, ordinary urban heritage from a physical aspect, and they are the centers of the commercial activities of everyday life. “Trok”, or small alleys, have been built by ordinary people, and they help form the particular urban pattern of Bangrak. Small sacred places represent a legacy of the beliefs of different cultures represented through their physical spaces and appearances.
Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di TK Selama Pembelajaran Online Selama Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Lolong Vonny Theresia , Supriyadi Supriyadi 
Published: September 2022

Sistem pembelajaran daring di Taman Kanak-kanak masih tergolong baru, dan belum banyak penelitian yang mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap pencapaian perkembangan anak usia dini di TK. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pencapaian perkembangan anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak selama pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Jenis kuesioner yang digunakan merupakan kuesioner tertutup, yaitu subjek penelitian hanya diperkenankan memilih jawaban yang telah tersedia pada setiap pertanyaan. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 26 orang guru Taman kanak-kanak di Gugus ranting 7 kelurahan Bekasi Jaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner melalui Google Form kemudian tautannya disebarkan kepada para guru TK di Gugus ranting 7 Kelurahan Bekasi jaya melalui grup WhatsApp. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran terbaru bahwa system pembelajaran daring memberikan pengaruh terhadap pencapaian perkembangan anak usia dini di TK. Hampir sebagian besar pencapaian perkembangan anak pada beberapa aspek selama pembelajaran daring mengalami penurunan. Keterbatasan penelitian dan saran terkait penelitian lebih lanjut akan dibahas.
De kloof
Authors: Franken A.A. (Stijn) 
Published: September 2022

De kloof
In deze bijdrage wordt een drievoudige kloof gesignaleerd: tussen strafrechtjuristen en verdachten, tussen het systeem van de strafrechtspleging en de mens en tussen de strafrechter en de verdediging in strafzaken. Die kloof tast op den duur het vertrouwen in en de legitimiteit van de strafrechtspleging aan. Om die te verkleinen, moet het belang van de praktische rede, menselijke waarden en eigenwijsheid worden benadrukt.
Overeenstemming en afstemming in het strafproces met oog voor ieders belangen
Authors: Janssen J. (Jacco) , de Haas A.H.T. (Alrik) 
Published: September 2022

Overeenstemming en afstemming in het strafproces met oog voor ieders belangen. Een kwestie van doen
Het strafproces dreigt piepend en krakend tot stilstand te komen. In deze bijdrage een aantal (innoverende) ideeën die vanuit de inhoud kunnen bijdragen aan het vlottrekken van het strafproces. Centraal bij de ideeën staat steeds overeenstemming tussen de spelers in het strafproces. Overeenstemming over wat als uitgangspunt een openbaar, transparant, procedureel rechtvaardig en ‘eerlijk’ strafproces is. Alleen een strafproces waar oog is voor ieders belangen en waarin overeenstemming een belangrijke rol speelt, heeft de toekomst.
Artikel 197 Sr en ‘openbare orde’. Een tweetrapsraket voor de strafrechter
Authors: Waasdorp J.R.K.A.M. (Jim) 
Published: September 2022

Art. 197 Sr en ‘openbare orde’. Een tweetrapsraket voor de strafrechter
In de strafrechtspraktijk hoeft art. 197 Sr niet op veel enthousiasme te rekenen. Dit zal ongetwijfeld te maken hebben met de invloed van bestuursrecht en EU-recht op deze nationale strafbepaling. In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op een klein onderwerp, namelijk het begrip ‘openbare orde’ en de daarbij behorende bestanddelen uit de strafbepaling. De auteur formuleert een tweetrapsraket die de strafrechter in dit kader bij de beoordeling van een strafzaak kan toepassen.
De noodzaak van een expliciete benadering van seksueel geweld in toekomstig Nederlands mediationbeleid
Authors: Fenger Milja 
Published: September 2022

The need for a more explicit approach to sexual violence in Dutch policy for restorative justice
Sexual violence is a serious crime which frequently occurs and which can have devastating psychological consequences for victims. Since 2017, Dutch law has included a restorative justice approach in criminal cases through the provision of mediation within and outside of legal procedures. In laws and guidelines regarding restorative justice, no distinction is made between different types of crime. In this article, I argue that it is imperative that a specific approach is developed to mediation following sexual violence. Sexual violence is distinct from other crimes for a number of reasons and mediation practices need to adapt to accommodate for this. Specialised training for mediators should be developed which takes into account complex psychological impacts, power dynamics between victim and perpetrator, and the role of rape myths and victim blaming in cases of sexual violence. Additionally, more time should be reserved for dealing with cases of sexual violence both within and around the mediation.
Analisis Promotion Mix Terhadap Pemasaran Layanan Kontruksi Pada PT Khafi Multi Perkasa
Authors: Nugraha Muhammad Agung , Sudiarti Sri 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the results of the analysis of the promotion mix on the marketing of goods and services as well as the forms of construction services that exist at PT. Khafi Multi Mighty. The type of method in this research is a qualitative type with a descriptive approach that is directed to be explained in greater detail about the actual situation that occurs in the field. This study also conducted direct interviews addressed to the Director of the company PT. Khafi Multi Mighty. This study shows the results that the promotion mix has not been implemented by employees so that it does not have a significant effect on service marketing, this is evidenced by their marketing method which only uses three components contained in the promotion mix. So that the services offered have not yet reached the desired point of satisfaction because the marketing system that is being implemented is not perfect.
Keywords: Service Quality, Promotion Mix
RMS Lusitania - A Design History and Forensic Analysis of Her Sinking
Authors: Garzke William H. , Smith Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2022

This paper represents a final report of the review of evidence from wreck site of the RMS Lusitania based on material compiled by the late Gregg Bemis, owner of the wreck. It also discusses new evidence from the cargo manifest of Lusitania that was classified for almost 100 years as well as survivor’s accounts from several different sources and the results from previous expeditions to the wreck site. In this forensics analysis several considerations will be made from the study of the documents, testimony, and wreckage:
1. The conclusions will be consistent with witnesses and survivors during the sinkage of this ship
2. The probable cause will be consistent with the normal laws of physics
3. The cause reported is what actually happened, to a reasonable degree of engineering certainty.
Fear and Anxiety of COVID-19, Stress and Health Perception. A Predictive Model in Ecuadorian Hospital Patients
Authors: Sánchez-Vélez Hernán , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo 
Published: September 2022

Objective: To develop a predictive model of mental health based on fear and anxiety of COVID-19 and perceived stress in a sample of primary care patients in Ecuador. Method: A correlational, comparative and predictive study applying Anxiety to Coronavirus, Fear of Covid-19, Perceived Stress and General Health scales, and SEM as a data analysis technique. Participants: 460 primary care hospital patients (38.9% men and 61.1% women) from Ambato and Quito cities, between 18 and 79 years old (M = 36 years; SD = 14.48). Results: Data suggest the presence of moderate levels of fear of COVID-19 and stress and low levels of anxiety to COVID-19. The most prevalent symptoms are somatization and anxiety-insomnia. The relationship of fear and anxiety to COVID-19 and perceived stress with mental health discomfort is confirmed. Fear and anxiety about COVID-19 predict perceived stress and this, in turn, predicts mental health with a 41.2% of explained variance. Conclusion: Fear and anxiety about COVID-19 are predictors of stress, and stress is a predictor of psychological symptoms and mental health discomfort in Ecuadorian primary care patients.
Objetivo: Establecer un modelo predictor de la salud mental a partir del miedo y la ansiedad al COVID-19 y el estrés percibido en pacientes de atención primaria del Ecuador. Método: El trabajo corresponde a un estudio correlacional, comparativo y predictor por medio de las escalas de Ansiedad al Coronavirus, Miedo al COVID-19, Estrés Percibido y Salud general. Participantes: 460 pacientes hospitalarios de atención primaria (38.9% hombres y 61.1% mujeres) de las ciudades de Ambato y Quito. Con edades entre 18 a 79 años (M = 36 años; DE = 14.48). Resultados: Existen niveles moderados de miedo al COVID-19 y estrés y bajos de ansiedad al COVID-19. Los síntomas que más prevalecen son los de somatización y ansiedad-insomnio. Se confirma la relación del miedo y la ansiedad al COVID-19 y el estrés percibido con el malestar en salud mental. El miedo y la ansiedad al Covid-19 predicen el estrés percibido y este a su vez la salud mental con el 54% de explicación de los cambios de la varianza. Conclusión: El miedo y la ansiedad al COVID-19 son predictores del estrés y el estrés es un predictor de los síntomas psicológicos y de malestar en la salud mental en muestra ecuatoriana.
Hepatic metabolite responses to 4-day complete fasting and subsequent refeeding in rats
Authors: Sui Xiukun , Wang Hailong , Wu Feng , Yang Chao , Zhang Hongyu , Xu Zihan , Guo Yaxiu , Guo ZhiFeng , Xin Bingmu , Ma Ting , Li Yinghui , Dai Zhongquan 
Published: September 2022

Background
Fasting has been widely used to improve various metabolic diseases in humans. Adaptive fasting is necessary for metabolic adaptation during prolonged fasting, which could overcome the great advantages of short-term fasting. The liver is the main organ responsible for energy metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. To date, we lack literature that describes the physiologically relevant adaptations of the liver during prolonged fasting and refeeding. For that reason, this study aims to evaluate the response of the liver of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to prolonged fasting and refeeding.

Methods
Sixty-six male SD rats were divided into the fasting groups, which were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h, and the refeeding groups, which were refed for 1, 3, or 6 days after 96 h of fasting. Serum glucose, TG, FFA, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, glucagon, leptin, adiponectin and FGF21 levels were assessed. The glucose content, PEPCK activity, TG concentration and FFA content were measured in liver tissue, and the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis (PEPCK and G6Pase), ketogenesis (PPARα, CPT-1a and HMGCS2) and the protein expression of nutrient-sensing signaling molecules (AMPK, mTOR and SIRT1) were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively.

Results
Fasting significantly decreased the body weight, which was totally recovered to baseline after 3 days of refeeding. A 4-day fast triggered an energy metabolic substrate shift from glucose to ketones and caused serum hormone changes and changes in the protein expression levels of nutrient-sensing signaling molecules. Glycogenolysis served as the primary fuel source during the first 24 h of fasting, while gluconeogenesis supplied the most glucose thereafter. Serum FFA concentrations increased significantly with 48 h of fasting. Serum FFAs partly caused high serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels, which became an important energy source with the prolongation of the fasting duration. One day of refeeding quickly reversed the energy substrate switch. Nutrient-sensing signaling molecules (AMPK and SIRT1 but not mTOR signaling) were highly expressed at the beginning of fasting (in the first 4 h). Serum insulin and leptin decreased with fasting initiation, and serum glucagon increased, but adiponectin and FGF21 showed no significant changes. Herein, we depicted in detail the timing of the metabolic response and adaptation of the liver to a 4-day water-only fast and subsequent refeeding in rats, which provides helpful support for the design of safe prolonged and intermittent fasting regimens.
Physicochemical Study, Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Potential of the Seed Oil of Polyalthia longifolia angustifolia
Authors: Kpoezoun Amavi , Novidzro Kosi Mawuéna , Baba Gnon 
Published: September 2022

In the face of worsening malnutrition or undernutrition in poor countries, diversification of food resources remains a high priority for the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the present study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the fat extracted from the seeds of Polyalthia longifolia angustifolia.
The fatty acid profile of the oil, extracted from the seeds with hexane by the Soxhlet method, was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were measured according to AFNOR standards. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the seeds were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometric measurement. Antioxidant activity of the oil was determined by the reduction test of ferric ions (Fe3+) of the TPTZ complex to ferrous ion (Fe2+). The results revealed that the oil contains a higher level of oleic acid (63.38%), followed by: palmitic acid (13.80%); linoleic acid (11.74%) and stearic acid (6.24%). The physicochemical parameters of the oil were: refractive index (1.499); acid value (87.69 mg KOH/g of oil); acidity (23.659 g oleic acid/100 g of oil); iodine value (78.26 g I2/100 g of oil); saponification value (179.741 mg KOH/g of oil) and peroxide number (10.85 meq O2 /kg of oil).
In short, the seeds of P. l. angustifolia contain fat and phytochemicals with appreciable antioxidant activity. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the toxicity, nutritional and therapeutic properties of the oil before considering the different types of applications that can be made with this oil.