bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Augmented Reality in Learning Plants
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Zahirah , Osman Rozianawaty , Ali Azliza Mohd , Hamid Nurzeatul Hamimah Abdul , Nordin Sharifalillah , Shahimi Salwa , Aminuddin Mohd Shariful Hafizal , Razak Fadli Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Malaysia’s biodiversity forests are producing numerous species of plants. Books, picture walls, posters, and brochures often use to display these plants’ static images to promote these wilderness treasures. Though the use of these static images fits its purpose, they are less attractive in providing information. ARPlant prototype provides an interactive application that enhances rainforest plants’ information displayed using the mobile platform. We use the Mobile Application Development Lifecycle (MADLC) to design and develop ARPlant. We gauge potential users’ requirements and needs by conducting a survey. We then conduct the user testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) score. The augmented reality in ARPlant allows users to learn by interactively exploring rainforest plants. Users can view the plants in a 3-dimensional environment.
Extrusion 3D bioprinting of functional self-supporting neural constructs using a photoclickable gelatin bioink
Authors: Yao Yue , Molotnikov Andrey , Parkington Helena C , Meagher Laurence , Forsythe John S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many in vitro models of neural physiology utilize neuronal networks established on two-dimensional substrates. Despite the simplicity of these 2D neuronal networks, substrate stiffness may influence cell morphology, network interactions and how neurons communicate and function. With this perspective, three-dimensional (3D) gel encapsulation is a powerful to recapitulating aspects of in vivo features, yet such an approach is often limited in terms of the level of resolution and feature size relevant for modelling aspects of brain architecture. Here, we report 3D bioplotting of rat primary cortical neural cells using a hydrogel system comprising gelatin norbornene (GelNB) and poly (ethylene glycol) dithiol (PEGdiSH). This bioink benefits from a rapid photo-click chemistry, yielding eight-layer crosshatch neural scaffolds and a filament width of 350 µm. The printability of this system depends on hydrogel concentration, printing temperature, extrusion pressure and speed. These parameters were studied via quantitative comparison between rheology and filament dimensions to determine the optimal printing conditions. Under optimal conditions, cell viability of bioprinted primary cortical neurons at day 1 (68 ± 2%) and at day 7 (68 ± 1%) were comparable to the 2D control group (72 ± 7%). The present study relates material rheology and filament dimensions to generate compliant free-standing neural constructs through bioplotting of low-concentration GelNB-PEGdiSH, which may provide a step forward to study 3D neuronal function and network formation.
Effects of stone–wales defects of carbon nanotubes on the elastic properties of the carbon nanotube-polyethylene nanocomposite and its interface
Authors: Lei Wen-Jie , Gou Xiao-Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) filling in a polymer is an advanced approach to improve and manage the mechanical behaviors of polymer-matrix nanocomposites. However, some structural defects exist in CNTs, e.g., Stone–Wales (SW) defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), which reduces the strength and changes the mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced nanocomposites. The influences of CNTs’ SW defects on the Young’ modulus of the CNT-polyethylene (PE) composite and its interface were investigated. All studies were performed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the consistent force field (PCFF) on the platform of a large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). In the MD model of the CNT-PE nanocomposite, CNTs contained SW defects. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposite was obtained from its stress-strain relation, and that of the CNT-PE interface varied with strain according to the interfacial interaction energy. The correctness and rationality of the work were verified by comparing the results from references, experiments, and the rule of mixtures (ROM). The results showed that SW defects of CNTs reduced the mechanical strength no matter for the interface and integral nanocomposite. Specifically, with increased SW defect concentration (defined as the ratio of atoms in the SW defect region to total atoms of a CNT), the interfacial strength significantly weakened, and the elastic modulus of the integral nanocomposite reduced on the macro level. These results are beneficial to understanding the mechanical properties of CNT-PE composites and the design of related products.
Electromagnetic characteristic estimation on spiral antennas through AOI, ML, and AI
Authors: Wu Meng-Jhu , Chang Min-Chi , Chung Chin-Chien , Pancham Padmanabh Pundrikaksha , Yen Ta-Jen , Lo Cheng-Yao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, a method that is able to estimate the electromagnetic characteristic of spiral antennas was proposed and realized through consecutive procedures of automatic optical inspection (AOI), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI), providing a solution to smart manufacturing. Two-arm self-complementary Archimedean spiral antennas (SCASAs) were introduced as examination targets with pattern distortions from potential process variations, in which bulges and neckings were mathematically generated to imitate uncontrollable ink rheology in printed and flexible electronics, covering the unexplored parts in previous works. The SCASAs in the training group were fabricated by standard printed circuit board procedures, and their pattern integrity in terms of line edge roughness (LER) and coupling frequency were collected through AOI for ML as the feature and label, respectively. The established AI model was based on Gaussian process regression with covariance function of exponential that showed the smallest root-mean-square-error and the largest coefficient of determination through iterative lazy-learning. By feeding the LERs of the SCASAs into the testing group, their corresponding coupling frequencies were estimated by the established AI model with high confidence level. Good linearity between the estimated and measured responses indicated that a reliable AI model and procedure were built, which outperforms existing methods that are unable to project off-line active characteristics of microelectronic components from their in-line pattern integrities.
An automatic numerical approach to optimize flexible serpentine structure design
Authors: Ye Chong , Chen Rui , Sitaraman Suresh K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The serpentine shape has been increasingly popular for the conductor design in flexible electronics due to its superior compliance and stretchability performance. The stretchability of the serpentine structure is highly dependent on the material strain threshold, serpentine geometry design, and the attachment substrate property. Therefore, identifying the parameters and their corresponding importance factors to the stretchability of the structure will help optimize the serpentine geometry. In the current work, a fully automated finite-element model has been developed to calculate the normalized maximum strain in the free-standing serpentine structure under uniaxial stretch loading conditions. A parametric study has been conducted to understand the serpentine geometry impacts on the maximum strain in the serpentine structure under the equivalent 10% uniaxial strain loading condition. The study shows that longer straight-line length, larger arc segment angle, and smaller serpentine with a fixed arc segment radius can help to reduce the maximum strain in the serpentine structure under uniaxial stretching. A random forest machine learning model suggests that the serpentine width and arc segment angle have the highest impact on the maximum strain in the serpentine structure. In the end, the proposed optimization strategy has also been used to optimize the strain distribution when the serpentine structure is attached to a polymer substrate.
Impact of ethanol-gasoline implementation on vehicle emission based on remote sensing test
Authors: Zhang Qijun , Wei Ning , Mao Hongjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The vehicle exhaust remote sensing system was used to quantify the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) concentrations of vehicles before and after the ethanol-gasoline implementation. The purpose was to investigate gasoline vehicle emissions for two distinct periods: before and after the ethanol-gasoline implementation. A comprehensive vehicle emission remote sensing data set collected in 2018 and 2019. The remote sensing test data was screened for duplicate vehicles in both two years. The average emission concentration of HC-CO-NO showed a continuous downward trend after ethanol-gasoline implementation. The three pollutant emission factors of small passenger cars are all lower than those of light trucks. Overall, the HC-CO-NO emission factors obtained through remote sensing tests have a small range of variation. From the results of the two-year test data, the emission levels of the 10% worst emission vehicles have shown a certain reduction compared with before the ethanol-gasoline implementation. Compared with random test errors of dynamometer emission test and portable emission measurement system, statistical results based on remote sensing test big data are more accurate.
Ultrafast dynamics of adenine following XUV ionization
Authors: Månsson Erik P , Latini Simone , Covito Fabio , Wanie Vincent , Galli Mara , Perfetto Enrico , Stefanucci Gianluca , De Giovannini Umberto , Castrovilli Mattea C , Trabattoni Andrea , Frassetto Fabio , Poletto Luca , Greenwood Jason B , Légaré François , Nisoli Mauro , Rubio Angel , Calegari Francesca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of biologically relevant molecules exposed to ionizing radiation contains many facets and spans several orders of magnitude in time and energy. In the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range, multi-electronic phenomena and bands of correlated states with inner-valence holes must be accounted for in addition to a plethora of vibrational modes and available dissociation channels. The ability to track changes in charge density and bond length during ultrafast reactions is an important endeavor toward more general abilities to simulate and control photochemical processes, possibly inspired by those that have evolved biologically. By using attosecond XUV pulses extending up to 35 eV and few-femtosecond near-infrared pulses, we have previously time-resolved correlated electronic dynamics and charge migration occurring in the biologically relevant molecule adenine after XUV-induced sudden ionization. Here, using additional experimental data, we comprehensively report on both electronic and vibrational dynamics of this nucleobase in an energy range little explored to date with high temporal resolution. The time-dependent yields of parent and fragment ions in the mass spectra are analyzed to extract exponential time constants and oscillation periods. Together with time-dependent density functional theory and ab-initio Green’s function methods, we identify different vibrational and electronic processes. Beyond providing further insights into the XUV-induced dynamics of an important nucleobase, our work demonstrates that yields of specific dissociation outcomes can be influenced by sufficiently well-timed ultrashort pulses, therefore providing a new route for the control of the multi-electronic and dissociative dynamics of a DNA building block.
Antiresorptive treatments for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Colarossi Giorgia , Eschweiler Jörg , Oliva Francesco , Driessen Arne , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CIO) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis, leading to fractures, and increased morbidity and mortality.

Source of data
Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.

Areas of agreement
Prolonged glucocorticoids administration leads to secondary osteoporosis.

Areas of controversy
The optimal management for CIO is controversial.

Growing points
The present study compared bone mineral density, fractures and adverse events in patients undergoing treatment with risedronate, alendronate, zoledronate, denosumab or etidronate for CIO.

Areas timely for developing research
For selected patients with CIO, alendronate performed better overall. These results must be interpreted within the limitations of the present study.

Level of evidence
I, Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Geometric Searchable Encryption Without False Positive And Its Applications
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Nie Jingjing , Li Zhanli , Ge Chunpeng , Susilo Willy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As a prominent cryptographic tool, geometric searchable encryption (GSE) can be applied in many scenarios, such as location-based services (LBS), social networks and vehicle networks. Unfortunately, most of existing searchable encryption schemes supporting the functionality of geometric range searches suffer from false positives, which will lead people to make a wrong decision and further raise some serious consequences such as financial loss. In addition, some of them are designed under a symmetric system, which is not enough flexible deployed in LBS since in a symmetric system only a private key holder creates ciphertext, whereas in a public-key system anyone who holds a public key can produce ciphertext. In this paper, we intend to design a novel GSE scheme without any false positive under a public-key system supporting arbitrary geometric area searches, which is able to guarantee an accurate query result. Toward this goal, we develop a novel technique in handling the relation between a point and any convex polygon in combination with an inner product encryption, which is able to support arbitrary convex polygon range searches without any false positive. A comprehensive experiment demonstrates that, compared with the known schemes, our scheme possesses a 100% accuracy as well as an acceptable efficiency in the sense that it can guarantee that all files retrieved by users are exactly matched ones. Finally, we provide two practical examples of our GSE scheme: privacy-preserving friend-nearby notification with a common point of interest and privacy-preserving parking monitor and guiding system.
Selenium deficiency is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation in PREVEND: a prospective general population cohort
Authors: Al-Mubarak AA , Grote Beverborg N , Zwartkruis V , Van Deutekom C , Gansevoort RT , Bakker SJL , De Boer RA , Rienstra M , Van Der Meer P , Bomer N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): A grant of the Dutch Kidney Foundation (E0.13)Dutch Research Council (NWO) Open Competition ENW-M grant (OCENW.KLEIN.483)

Background
Recent studies suggest a link between nutritional status and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Both selenium deficiency (SeD) and iron deficiency (ID) are known to impair mitochondrial function in human cardiomyocytes and both have been associated with worse prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the role of these micronutrients in the development of AF.

Purpose
To elucidate the association of SeD and ID with new-onset AF in the general population.

Methods
Selenium and iron parameters were measured in a well-characterized Dutch prospective cohort study (N = 5591) with a mean follow-up of 6.2 years. SeD was defined as selenium concentrations &lt; 70ug/L, and ID as ferritin concentrations &lt;30 ug/L. New-onset AF was the primary outcome. All cases with suspected AF as determined by electronic screening were manually reviewed and validated by 2 independent experts. Competing-risk regression analyses were performed with death as a competing risk. We tested for interaction between SeD and smoking status because it was previously reported and because of the known lower serum selenium concentrations in smokers.

Results
In the PREVEND cohort, mean age was 53.5 (±12) years and 2917 subjects (52%) were females. SeD and ID were observed in 1212 (21%) and 891 (15%) subjects, respectively. Both deficiencies had similar associates, including sex, BMI, smoking status, cholesterol levels and anemia. Of the subjects who developed AF, 25% had SeD and 5% had ID. There was a significant interaction between SeD and smoking in association with the outcome (P= 0.084). After adjusting for the validated CHARGE-AF model in the addition of potential confounders, SeD was independently associated with new onset AF in nonsmokers (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.72, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.07 to 2.76, P = 0.024), but not in smokers (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.32 to 2.05, P = 0.658). ID, however, was not associated with new-onset AF (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.26 to 1.46, P = 0.272), regardless of sex stratification or smoking status.

Conclusion
In a general population cohort, SeD was independently associated with new-onset AF in nonsmokers. No association was found between ID and AF. Interventional studies that investigate the effects of selenium supplementation in a population at risk are needed.
Optimizing healthcare utilization in atrial fibrillation complicated by cancer
Authors: Singh SOHRAB , Heaton JOSEPH , Reddy SARATH 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Previous studies have shown that atrial fibrillation is a significant cause of healthcare utilization and readmissions. Cancer is also an extenuating burden and has been shown to complicate management strategies, inducing higher utilization.1 We aimed to discover the impact of atrial fibrillation in the setting of non-metastatic cancer and managements which optimize healthcare consumption.

Methods
We queried the 2016-2018 National Readmission Database (NRD) for adults with a primary atrial fibrillation diagnosis and a secondary non-metastatic cancer diagnosis using ICD-10-CM codes and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Software. Patients were included if the admission was between January and November. Patients were excluded if the index admission was in December (to allow for 30-day readmissions), included cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, or they previously had a cardiac pacemaker inserted. Survey weighting methodology was used in accordance with NRD best practices. Propensity score matching was implemented to assess the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) using a percutaneous loop recorder. Patients were matched on socioeconomic and hospital characteristics, in-hospital medical or procedural complications, and comorbidities.

Results
From 2016-2018, 21,922 patients met the inclusion criteria for index admissions. The average index admission age was 74.7 years, and 47.3% were female. Length of stay for index admissions was not significantly different between the two groups (4.33 days versus 4.90 days; p = 0.496). In-hospital mortality occurred in 1.65% of admissions, none of which had undergone insertion of a loop recorder. Overall, 18.8% of index admissions were readmitted within 30-days. The readmission rate for patients receiving a loop recorder was 5.5%, compared to 18.9% in the control group. Propensity score matching revealed a 70.2% reduction in 30-day readmissions (OR, 0.099 to 0.907; p = 0.033) for patients discharged with a loop recorder. Patients with a loop recorder have no significant difference in length of stay (5.72 days versus 5.79 days; p = 0.944) when readmitted.

Conclusions
Patients admitted for atrial fibrillation complicated by cancer had significantly lower readmission rates when discharged with a loop recorder. This phenomenon may be related to the increased ambulatory monitoring and early intervention ability. In the absence of increased length of stays or in-patient mortality, the decrease in healthcare utilization may be of significant benefit. The mechanisms involving factors between atrial fibrillation and cancer are yet to be understood.2,3 Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the mechanism by which readmission rates are decreased.
A new angle on atrial fibrillation risk prediction; the role of P-wave axis in future AF
Authors: Chattopadhyay R , Chousou PA , Pugh PJ , Vassiliou V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction
There is growing interest in the prediction of incident atrial fibrillation. This is driven by the vast amounts of data in electronic records that may act as a substrate for prediction, and has led to demographic, biochemical and electrophysiological strategies (figure 1a). The 12-lead ECG has been a particularly rich target for possible prediction strategies, with a variety of individual parameters and even artificial intelligence methods being examined.

Purpose
The P-wave axis is an ECG parameter that reflects the dominant vector of atrial depolarisation. The normal P-wave axis is considered to be 0-75º. There is a large body of literature suggesting that AF reflects structural and conduction abnormalities of the atria, and thus the P-wave axis may represent a sensitive parameter to detect such changes, prior to the onset of AF (figure 1b).

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature associating abnormal P-wave axis and the development of incident AF was performed. The electronic databases PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane were systematically searched using the key words "P-wave axis" and "P wave axis" from inception to October 2021. An initial titular analysis, followed by abstract and full text screening was performed. Data was extracted using a pre-specified collection form. A random-effects model with generic inverse variance weights was utilised to pool the most adjusted effect measure from each paper. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.

Results
After excluding duplicate studies, 568 studies were screened. A total of twelve studies were identified that associated an abnormal p-wave axis with the subsequent detection of atrial fibrillation. The eight studies that considered abnormal P-wave axis as being &lt;0º or &gt;75º were pooled for meta-analysis.
In the pooled studies a total of 78,222 patients were included with 5656 cases of incident atrial fibrillation identified. The meta-analysis of the studies suggested that an abnormal P-wave axis was associated with a pooled risk ratio of 2.10 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.72) for the detection of incident atrial fibrillation (figure 2). Sensitivity analysis by removing one study at each time did not alter the results.

Conclusion
This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 78,327 patients from 8 studies, indicates the positive association of abnormal P wave axis and future detection of AF. It thus confirms a two-fold risk of abnormal p wave axis in parallel with other established factors such as hypertension, age and abnormal systolic heart function. Utilisation of abnormal p wave axis, can allow clinicians to better risk-stratify individuals at increased risk of AF. This may lead to more tailored and precision strategies for prolonged cardiac monitoring or targeted anticoagulation approaches.