bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Service Providers on Supports for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Iran.
Authors: Asaro-Saddler Kristie , Ghazali Hedayat , Muir-Knox Haley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we contribute to the limited database on the perspectives of service providers including teachers, speech therapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists working with students with ASD in Iran. Specifically, we examined the types of supports received, challenges faced, the collaboration between providers and families, and overall job satisfaction. Data in this qualitative study were gathered through the use of semi-structured, open-ended individual interviews conducted remotely and were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of meaning. Overall, findings indicated that most participants felt unsupported in their role as service provider and identified a number of challenges to effectively perform their jobs. These challenges included lack of appropriate space and/or equipment, training, financial compensation, and support for families. Positive aspects of the job include collaborating effectively with other professionals and overall job satisfaction. Implications for educational and governmental agencies are provided, along with limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.
Minimization of total harmonic distortion and enhancing voltage level for hybrid multilevel converter with different sources
Authors: Veerendra Arigela Satya , Mohamed Mohd Rusllim , Peddakapu Kurukuri , Sekhar Chavali Punya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the voltage levels and reducing the total harmonic distortions (THDs), a symmetrical hybrid multilevel converter (MLC) topology with different sources, that is, a photovoltaic (PV) source and a constant DC source for electric drive applications are proposed in this article. The presented topology comprises of distinctive converters for each phase, is coupled to a 3∅asynchronous motor. The two converters are operated with low voltage, high frequency, and high voltage, which are fundamental to increase the output voltage. A modified phase‐shifted pulse width modulation technique helps to control the power of semiconductor devices. The reduced component count and THD of the hybrid MLC are assessed using the conventional topologies. It was found that the THD is 15.10% in voltage and 1.97% in current for the proposed system and exhibits better performance in relative to the PV source. Finally, the simulation outcomes accompanied by comparative analysis are also discussed in the article.
Special Wettability Materials Inspired by Multiorganisms for Fog Collection
Authors: Mei Guoying , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAt present, the shortage of fresh water resources has become a serious problem that human beings have to face. Especially in some arid areas, water shortage has threatened human existence. The discovery that some organisms can survive in extremely arid areas by trapping water in fog has inspired research into bionic water harvesting materials. The emergence of such biomimetic materials offers a potential strategy for tackling the freshwater crisis. This paper reviews the mechanism of some organisms’ water collecting function and special liquid handling ability and the research progress of biomimetic fog‐collecting materials. In addition, the bionic water collecting materials which creatively combine the advantages of various organisms are introduced in detail. It is hoped that these innovative combinations can bring inspiration to the design of fog collecting materials in the future. Finally, the research and development prospects of materials inspired by multiorganisms are prospected.
Excessive Increase in the Optical Band Gap of Near‐Infrared Semiconductor Lead (II) Sulfide via the Incorporation of Amino Acids
Authors: Lang Arad , Brif Anastasia , Polishchuk Iryna , Fitch Andrew N. , Feldmann Jochen , Pokroy Boaz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncorporation of organic molecules into the crystal lattice of biominerals is one of Nature's main strategies to modify the structure, morphology, and specific physical properties of the mineral host. Inspired by this biostrategy, it is shown that several semiconductors, whose band gaps are in the ultraviolet or visible absorption spectrum, can incorporate individual amino acids (AAs) into their crystalline structures. Interestingly, such incorporation is accompanied by an increase in the optical band gap of semiconductor hosts, resulting from an internal quantum confinement effect. In this work, this bioinspired route of band gap tuning is applied for the first time to a semiconductor with a near‐infrared (NIR) band gap. Indeed individual AAs are found to become incorporated into the crystalline structure of lead (II) sulfide (PbS). It is shown that this incorporation induces an expansion of the PbS unit cell as well as changes in the morphology. Moreover, an unprecedented increase of up to 40–50% in the optical band gap is observed in the case of cysteine and lysine incorporation.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Azaphosphinane 2‐Oxides and 1,2‐Azaphosphinine 2‐Oxides: δ‐Phosphonolactams and δ‐Phosphinolactams
Authors: Xu Jiaxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract1,2‐Azaphosphinane and 1,2‐azaphosphinine 2‐oxides, δ‐phosphonolactams and δ‐phosphinolactams, are important six‐membered azaphosphaheterocycles and crucial scaffolds of some biological and organic material compounds. Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaphosphinine 2‐oxides are both chiral ligands and precursors of chiral atropisomeric P,N‐biaryl ligands. Various synthetic methods of these azaphosphaheterocycles have been developed till now. They can be classified as cyclization, including cyclization of haloalkylphosphonamidates and phosphinamides, condensation of aminoalkylphosphonic/phosphinic acids, ring closing metathesis of N‐allylallylphosphinamides, the palladium‐catalyzed cyclizations of 2‐alk‐1‐ynylarylphosphonamidates and N‐(2‐bromoaryl)diarylphosphinamides, oxidative cyclization of 2‐arylarylphosphinamides, annulation, and cycloaddition. In this Focus Review, we have described various strategies for the synthesis of 1,2‐azaphosphinane and 1,2‐azaphosphinine 2‐oxides.
Tuning adhesion performance of an acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesive using polysilsesquioxane‐acrylic core‐shell nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmadi‐Dehnoei Ali , Ghasemirad Somayeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface migration of unmodified inorganic or polymer core‐inorganic shell nanoparticles has limited their application for improvement of pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) properties. The efficiency of utilization of modified inorganic nanoparticles with sticky polymer brushes was investigated to overcome this problem. For this purpose, polymethacryloxypropylsilsesquioxane‐acrylic core‐shell (CS) nanoparticles were synthesized and added to poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) (MBC) acrylic PSA through latex blending. Using CS nanoparticles, a concomitant increase in the peel and shear strengths of the acrylic PSA was achieved, and also the limitation of surface migration of nanoparticles at high volume fractions was overcome. Moreover, CS nanoparticles acted as a compatibilizer for MBC chains, rich in methyl methacrylate (MMA) or butyl acrylate (BA). These MMA‐rich and BA‐rich chains were formed during the synthesis of MBC latex through batch emulsion copolymerization method, due to the difference in the reactivity ratio of BA and MMA radicals. The compatibility of CS nanoparticles with each of the components of MBC was systematically investigated in terms of grafting density, swelling ratio, and thermodynamic affinity and was correlated to the final properties.
Doublet Open‐Shell Graphene Fragments
Authors: Xiang Qin , Sun Zhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent advances in neutral delocalized radical species based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with fused hexagonal rings, herein defined as doublet open‐shell graphene fragments, are summarized in this review. A few simple yet useful theoretical approaches for structural analysis and molecular design were introduced at first. Then, based on the number of fused hexagonal rings, molecular systems with different size, symmetry and edge structure were discussed with emphasis on those isolated in the crystalline form. Their unique self‐association behavior, chemical reactivity and physical properties were summarized and discussed, and insights on their functions and potential applications were provided.
Large‐scale asymmetry in galaxy spin directions: Analysis of galaxies with spectra in DES, SDSS, and DESI Legacy Survey
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiple previous studies using several different probes have shown considerable evidence for the existence of cosmological‐scale anisotropy and a Hubble‐scale axis. One of the probes that show such evidence is the distribution of the directions toward which galaxies spin. The advantage of the analysis of the distribution of galaxy spin directions compared to the cosmic microwave background anisotropy is that the ratio of galaxy spin directions is a relative measurement, and therefore less sensitive to background contamination such as Milky Way obstruction. Another advantage is that many spiral galaxies have spectra, and therefore allow to analyze the location of such axis relative to Earth. This paper shows an analysis of the distribution of the spin directions of over 90K galaxies with spectra. That analysis is also compared to previous analyses using the Earth‐based Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System, and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Survey, as well as space‐based data collected by Hubble Space Telescope. The results show very good agreement between the distribution patterns observed with the different telescopes. The dipole or quadrupole axes formed by the spin directions of the galaxies with spectra do not necessarily go directly through Earth.
Insight into the Effect of Iodine Doping Soft Carbon and Iodine Functional Separator for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Pal Shubhadeep , Yang Yujie , Huang Cong , Wang Jiande , Apostol Petru , Liu Zheng , Hu Aiping , Vlad Alexandru , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDoping carbonaceous materials are regarded as prospective cathode candidates for high‐performance lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. In this study, we construct a dual functional modification system, including iodine‐doped soft carbon (I‐SC) and iodine functional separator for Li−S batteries. The formation of C−I bonds in the carbon skeleton increases the carbon interlayer spacing and displays a powerful chemical adsorption ability and electrocatalytic activity for polysulfide conversion. In addition, semi‐hollow micro‐rods‐structure soft carbon not only accommodates the volume expansion of sulfur, but also provides a continuous conductive network to transport Li+ and electrons over cycling. Furthermore, by assisting with polyiodide (e. g., I3− and I5−) modified separator, the polysulfide migration can be further controlled, resulting in a high capacity of 956 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 300 cycles. This work represents the importance of I‐doping and provides the potential of soft carbon for low‐cost and scalable fabrication of energy storage systems.
Six‐month survival of a monochorionic monoamniotic twin with sirenomelia
Authors: Hirata Katsuya , Yamamura‐Miyazaki Natsumi , Kawaguchi Haruna , Umeda Satoshi , Moon Kazue , Chiba Yasuyoshi , Nishikawa Masanori , Matsuoka Keiko , Okamoto Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSirenomelia is a congenital malformation of the lower body characterized by a single midline lower limb and severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations. Sirenomelia is rare (estimated incidence of approximately 1/100,000) and usually lethal in the perinatal period.CaseA 2,042 g Japanese male infant, one of monochorionic monoamniotic twins, was born at 34 weeks of gestation by elective caesarean section. Sirenomelia was prenatally diagnosed. Single midline lower limb, bilateral dysplastic kidneys, an omphalomesenteric fistula, colon atresia, imperforate anus, indiscernible genital structures, and myelomeningocele were detected at birth. The amniotic fluid volume was normal throughout the pregnancy course, which led to appropriate lung maturation of the twin with sirenomelia. Although renal replacement therapy was initiated soon after birth, stable peritoneal dialysis was difficult because of the limited intraperitoneal space, and the infant frequently developed peritonitis. He died of sudden cardiorespiratory arrest at 6 months of age. Postmortem examination showed bilateral dysplastic kidneys, agenesis of the ureters and urinary bladder, abnormal branching and agenesis of the distal colon, bilateral inguinal hernias, and small testes.ConclusionInfants with sirenomelia, even those with end‐stage kidney disease at birth, may survive if they have a stable cardiorespiratory status at birth and renal replacement therapy is appropriately initiated.
Clinical significance of 206 station lymph node in transverse colon cancer
Authors: Xu Yu Xin , Huang Ying , Wang Xiao Jie , Ye Dao Xiong , Chi Pan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymph node (LN) metastasis is crucial in determining the prognosis and treatment options for colon cancer patients. Our work was to study whether the lymph nodes beyond D3 station in transverse colon cancer, especially 206 LN, should be dissected.MethodsA total of 225 patients within our department were reviewed. The primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). We employed Propensity score weighting (PSW) for weighing participants to balance observed confounders between the 206D+ group and the 206D− group.ResultsThe rate of metastasis in station 206 was 9.3%. Only T stage (OR, 3.009; 95% CI, 1.018–8.892), N stage (OR, 9.818; 95% CI, 1.158–83.227), and M stage (OR, 26.126; 95% CI, 1.274–535.945) were an independent risk factor for 206 station metastasis in multivariate logistic analysis. The 206D+ group had a similarly survival than the 206D− group (3‐year DFS, 89.6% v 85.9%; p = 0.389; 3‐year OS, 94.6% v 85.3% p = 0.989). PSW further verified it. Metastasis of 206 station LN is not an independent prognostic factor, but a predictive factor of DFS.ConclusionStation 206 LN positive is a predictive factor for DFS. Only the patient with T1‐3, N+ who is at a high risk of 206 station LN metastases should consider dissecting 206 station LN.
N4‐Allyldeoxycytidine: A New DNA Tag with Chemical Sequencing Power for Pinpointing Labelling Sites, Mapping Epigenetic Markers, and In Situ Imaging
Authors: Liu Donghong , Shu Xiao , Xiang Siying , Li Tengwei , Huang Chenyang , Cheng Mohan , Cao Jie , Hua Yuejin , Liu Jianzhao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA tagging with base analogues has found numerous applications. To precisely record the DNA labelling information, it would be highly beneficial to develop chemical sequencing tags that can be encoded into DNA as regular bases and decoded as mutant bases following a mild, efficient and bioorthogonal chemical treatment. Here we reported such a DNA tag, N4‐allyldeoxycytidine (a4dC), for labeling and identifying DNA by in vitro assays. The iodination of a4dC led to fast and complete formation of 3, N4‐cyclized deoxycytidine, which induced base misincorporation during DNA replication and thus could be located at single base resolution. We explored the applications of a4dC in pinpointing DNA labelling sites at single base resolution, mapping epigenetic marker N4‐methyldeoxycytidine, and imaging nucleic acids in situ. In addition, mammalian cellular DNA could be metabolically labelled with a4dC. Our study sheds light on the design of next generation DNA tags with chemical sequencing power.
Combination of Immunotherapy and Photo‐pyroptosis as Novel Anticancer Strategy
Authors: Dao Anyi , Yadav Ashish Kumar , Wei Li , Banerjee Samya , Huang Huaiyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy has made great progress in clinical cancer treatment in recent years, but its therapeutic efficacy is significantly limited by the lack of immunogenicity in the tumor microenvironment. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death in which the dying cancer cells produce inflammatory cytokines to relieve the immuno‐suppressive microenvironment and thus increase anti‐tumor immunity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during photodynamic therapy (PDT) are one of the efficient activators that induce pyroptosis. Recently, a few photosensitizers have emerged with the ability to induce immunogenic cancer cell death via pyroptosis, opening a new field for PDT. This highlight introduces the latest research on antitumor strategies achieved by the combination of immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy through photo‐pyroptosis.
Amorphous Copper‐modified Gold Interface Promotes Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CO
Authors: Zhan Peng , Yang Shuai , Chu Mengen , Zhu Qian , Zhuang Yan , Ren Cong , Chen Ziyi , Lu Lu , Qin Peiyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals exhibits promising application potentials. Herein, a kind of nano‐porous AuCu foam which possesses amorphous copper (Cu)‐modified gold (Au) interface was designed for highly selective electroreduction CO2 into CO. As‐obtained Au0.95Cu0.05 foam exhibits a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99.5 % for CO with a current density of 31.3 mA cm−2. Compared with other Au‐based electrocatalysts, Au0.95Cu0.05 foam shows a lower overpotential of 240 mV. The improvements in activity and selectivity of the AuCu foam might be attributed to the synergistic effect between the highly dispersed amorphous Cu and the matrix of Au. Detailed characterization indicates that the twisty nanowire morphology imparts multiple reactive sites on the electrode surface. The study demonstrates that amorphous Cu on the AuCu foam surface can boost CO2 activation by modifying the surface geometry and electronic structure. This finding provides a new strategy of modifying the metal interface to construct electrocatalyst.
A deep neural network using audio files for detection of aortic stenosis
Authors: Voigt Ingo , Boeckmann Marc , Bruder Oliver , Wolf Alexander , Schmitz Thomas , Wieneke Heinrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease in the western world, many affected patients remain undiagnosed. Auscultation is a readily available screening tool for AS. However, it requires a high level of professional expertise.HypothesisAn AI algorithm can detect AS using audio files with the same accuracy as experienced cardiologists.MethodsA deep neural network (DNN) was trained by preprocessed audio files of 100 patients with AS and 100 controls. The DNN's performance was evaluated with a test data set of 40 patients. The primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and F1‐score. Results of the DNN were compared with the performance of cardiologists, residents, and medical students.ResultsEighteen percent of patients without AS and 22% of patients with AS showed an additional moderate or severe mitral regurgitation. The DNN showed a sensitivity of 0.90 (0.81–0.99), a specificity of 1, and an F1‐score of 0.95 (0.89–1.0) for the detection of AS. In comparison, we calculated an F1‐score of 0.94 (0.86–1.0) for cardiologists, 0.88 (0.78–0.98) for residents, and 0.88 (0.78–0.98) for students.ConclusionsThe present study shows that deep learning‐guided auscultation predicts significant AS with similar accuracy as cardiologists. The results of this pilot study suggest that AI‐assisted auscultation may help general practitioners without special cardiology training in daily practice.
Enzymatic Cascade for the Synthesis of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid in Biphasic and Microaqueous Conditions: ‘Media‐Agnostic’ Biocatalysts for Biorefineries
Authors: Milić Milica , Byström Emil , Domínguez de María Pablo , Kara Selin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is produced upon dehydration of C6 sugars in biorefineries. As the product, it remains either in aqueous solutions, or is in situ extracted to an organic medium (biphasic system). For the subsequent oxidation of HMF to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), ‘media‐agnostic’ catalysts that can be efficiently used in different conditions, from aqueous to biphasic, and to organic (microaqueous) media, are of interest. Here, the concept of a one‐pot biocatalytic cascade for production of FDCA from HMF was reported, using galactose oxidase (GalOx) for the formation of 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF), followed by the lipase‐mediated peracid oxidation of DFF to FDCA. GalOx maintained its catalytic activity upon exposure to a range of organic solvents with only 1 % (v/v) of water. The oxidation of HMF to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) was successfully established in ethyl acetate‐based biphasic or microaqueous systems. To validate the concept, the reaction was conducted at 5 % (v/v) water, and integrated in a cascade where DFF was subsequently oxidized to FDCA in a reaction catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B.
Lignin‐First Depolymerization of Lignocellulose into Monophenols over Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Ruthenium: Impact of Lignin Sources
Authors: Su Shihao , Xiao Ling‐Ping , Chen Xue , Wang Shuizhong , Chen Xiao‐Hong , Guo Yanzhu , Zhai Shang‐Ru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLignin‐first depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass into aromatics is of great significance to sustainable biorefinery. However, it remains a challenge, owing to the variance between lignin sources and structures. In this study, ruthenium supported on carbon nanotubes (Ru/CNT) exhibits efficient catalytic activity toward lignin hydrogenolysis to exclusively afford monophenols in high yields. Catalytic tests indicate that the yields of aromatic monomers are related to lignin sources and decrease in the order: hardwoods > herbaceous plants > softwoods. Experimental results demonstrate that the scission of C−O bonds and the high selectivity to monomeric aromatic compounds over the Ru/CNT catalyst are enhanced by avoiding side condensation. Furthermore, the fabricated Ru/CNT shows good reusability and recyclability, applicability, and biomass feedstock compatibility, rendering it a promising candidate for lignin valorization. These findings pave the way for rational design of highly active and stable catalysts to potentially address challenges in lignin chemistry.
Challenges of Green Production of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid from Bio‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural: Overcoming Deactivation by Concomitant Amino Acids
Authors: Neukum Dominik , Baumgarten Lorena , Wüst Dominik , Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Saraçi Erisa , Kruse Andrea , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is highly attractive as FDCA is considered as substitute for the petrochemically derived terephthalic acid. There are only few reports on the direct use of unrefined HMF solutions from biomass resources and the influence of remaining constituents on the catalytic processes. In this work, the oxidation of HMF in a solution as obtained from hydrolysis and dehydration of saccharides in chicory roots was investigated without intermediate purification steps. The amount of base added to the solution was critical to increase the FDCA yield. Catalyst deactivation occurred and was attributed to poisoning by amino acids from the bio‐source. A strong influence of amino acids on the catalytic activity was found for all supported Au, Pt, Pd, and Ru catalysts. A supported AuPd(2 : 1)/C alloy catalyst exhibited both superior catalytic activity and higher stability against deactivation by the critical amino acids.