bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of phlebotonic gels
Authors: Pozdnyakov D. I. , Shabanova N. B. , Gerashchenko A. D. , Sarkisyan K. K. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Varicose veins are a common disease with a chronic course and a high risk of complications and cosmetic defects. Venotonic drugs are widely used in conservative treatment of varicose veins.Aim. To study the comparative efficacy of venotonic drugs for local application in experimental conditions.Materials and Methods. Varicose veins were modeled in Wistar rats by partial stricture of the deep femoral vein. The studied drugs were applied in the course of 14 days from the operation. The assessed parameters were the change of local blood flow velocity in the skin in the dynamics and the degree of vascular permeability. The rate of local blood flow was assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Changes in vascular permeability were studied by the degree of extravasation of Evans blue dye in the Miles test. The results were processed using the methods of variation statistics.Results. The study showed that under the conditions of experimental chronic venous insufficiency, a course of application of all the analyzed drugs resulted in an increase in the rate of local blood flow in the skin and a decrease in the degree of vascular permeability. It was noted that application of the investigated gel based on escin, heparin and essential phospholipids to the skin of animals resulted in reliably (p < 0,05) lower indices of vascular permeability in comparison with the rats which received a course therapy with the heparin-containing gel; combined cosmetic agent as well as the gel based on troxerutin, heparin and dexpanthenol.Discussion. The results obtained testify that application of external dosage forms of combined venotonic drugs promotes the regression of chronic venous insufficiency manifestations. Maximum evident effect was registered while applying the studied drug, that can be related to its complex composition including essential phospholipids, heparin and aescin. It is known that aescin is a phlebotonic with a high degree of percutaneous absorption, the effect of which is significantly potentiated by the phospholipid component.Conclusions. The application of the combined product based on heparin, aescin and essential phospholipids provided an optimum rate of onset of pharmacological effect compared to the other analysed compositions.
Horizontal and vertical distribution of microplastics in Gehu Lake, China
Authors: Yang Ruoying , Xu Xia , Xue Yingang , Zhang Ling , Guo Jun , Wang Liping , Peng Mingguo , Zhang Qiuya , Zhu Yun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) widely exist in the aquatic environment. In this study, the horizontal and vertical distribution of MPs in different depths of Gehu Lake was analyzed. The study found that MPs were detected in water bodies at different depths. The Gehu Lake Basin's MP abundance throughout the entire lake region ranged from 1.40 to 5.53 n/L. Microplastic abundance in surface water (3.13 ± 0.32 n/L) was highest, and the average abundance of MPs in the middle water (2.28 ± 0.24 n/L) and bottom water (1.03 ± 0.14 n/L) was appreciably reduced (p &lt; 0.05). The microplastics observed in water samples were analyzed, and it was found that the particle size of most of the obtained microplastic particles was between 100 and 500 microns, the main shape was fibrous MP, and the MP content of transparent color was highest, and the four most common MPs was polyethylene (PE), polystyrene, polyester (PES), and polypropylene (PP). In this article, we emphasize the importance of comprehending the specific distribution characteristics of MPs in Gehu Lake. It provides a data foundation for future monitoring of MPs present in Gehu Lake, provides scientific and technological support for the assessment and prevention of microplastic pollution in this area, and offers some assistance for future lake water quality regulation.
Green infrastructure drainage of a commercial plaza without directly connected impervious areas: a case study
Authors: Rujner Hendrik , Leonhardt Günther , Flanagan Kelsey , Marsalek Jiri , Viklander Maria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A paired-catchment study of two adjacent commercial areas in northern Sweden, one with Green Infrastructure (GI) storm drainage and the other with a conventional storm sewer system, served to evaluate the hydrological performance of both drainage systems and demonstrate advantages of GI. The GI catchment avoided directly connected impervious areas by diverting runoff from a parking lot to a cascade of three infiltration features, a fractured rock strip draining onto a sloping infiltration area, followed by a collector swale. Both catchments were monitored over 4 years by measuring rainfall, runoff and, in the vicinity of the swale, soil water content and groundwater levels. For frequent storms, the median GI efficiencies in reducing runoff volumes and peak flows, and extending peak flow lags, were 96, 99 and 60%, respectively, compared to conventional drainage. The storm rainfall depth, initial soil water content, increases in intra-event soil water storage and groundwater levels had statistically significant effects on either runoff volume or peak flow reductions. No effects were found for storm rainfall intensity and duration, antecedent dry days, and initial groundwater levels. The study demonstrated that GI drainage can be successfully applied even in the challenging environment of a subarctic climate.
Leveraging Symptom Search Data to Understand Disparities in US Mental Health Care: Demographic Analysis of Search Engine Trace Data
Authors: Rochford Ben , Pendse Sachin , Kumar Neha , De Choudhury Munmun 
Published: November 2022

Background
In the United States, 1 out of every 3 people lives in a mental health professional shortage area. Shortage areas tend to be rural, have higher levels of poverty, and have poor mental health outcomes. Previous work has demonstrated that these poor outcomes may arise from interactions between a lack of resources and lack of recognition of mental illness by medical professionals.

Objective
We aimed to understand the differences in how people in shortage and nonshortage areas search for information about mental health on the web.

Methods
We analyzed search engine log data related to health from 2017-2021 and examined the differences in mental health search behavior between shortage and nonshortage areas. We analyzed several axes of difference, including shortage versus nonshortage comparisons, urban versus rural comparisons, and temporal comparisons.

Results
We found specific differences in search behavior between shortage and nonshortage areas. In shortage areas, broader and more general mental health symptom categories, namely anxiety (mean 2.03%, SD 0.44%), depression (mean 1.15%, SD 0.27%), fatigue (mean 1.21%, SD 0.28%), and headache (mean 1.03%, SD 0.23%), were searched significantly more often (Q<.0003). In contrast, specific symptom categories and mental health disorders such as binge eating (mean 0.02%, SD 0.02%), psychosis (mean 0.37%, SD 0.06%), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (mean 0.77%, SD 0.10%) were searched significantly more often (Q<.0009) in nonshortage areas. Although suicide rates are consistently known to be higher in shortage and rural areas, we see that the rates of suicide-related searching are lower in shortage areas (mean 0.05%, SD 0.04%) than in nonshortage areas (mean 0.10%, SD 0.03%; Q<.0003), more so when a shortage area is rural (mean 0.024%, SD 0.029%; Q<2 × 10–12).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates differences in how people from geographically marginalized groups search on the web for mental health. One main implication of this work is the influence that search engine ranking algorithms and interface design might have on the kinds of resources that individuals use when in distress. Our results support the idea that search engine algorithm designers should be conscientious of the role that structural factors play in expressions of distress and they should attempt to design search engine algorithms and interfaces to close gaps in care.
Teologi Proses ala Barbour vs Kepercayaan Timur
Authors: Liem Justiani 
Published: November 2022

Dalam dunia pemikiran modern, disintegrasi antara filsafat, sains-teknologi, dan teologi dianggap perlu untuk diintegrasikan kembali sehingga koheren setelah sekian abad berjalan sendiri-sendiri dan tidak jarang saling bertabrakan satu sama lain. Apalagi dengan perkembangan pesat teknologi yang telah menciptakan ketergantungan bagi manusia bahkan memunculkan berhala-berhala baru, ilah-ilah baru, tuhan-tuhan baru yang mengontrol hidup manusia, sadar atau tidak sadar. Sampai pada perkawinan neurosains dengan intelegensia buatan yang bisa menjelaskan banyak fenomena yang sebelumnya dianggap “magic” atau menurut agama adalah “mukjizat”, ternyata ilmiah, bukan mukjizat lagi. Barbour melanjutkan teologi proses Whitehead, mencoba meredefinisi pemahaman teologi tentang Kedirian Manusia (istilah ketimbang Kodrat Manusia) dari “The Selfness of Being” menjadi “The Selfness of Becoming”. Teologi Proses menawarkan sebuah jalan tengah antara kemahakuasaan (omnipotence) Allah dan ketidakberdayaan (impotence) Allah lalu merumuskan kembali kekuatan Ilahi lebih sebagai pemberdayaan daripada sebagai penguasaan yang menaklukkan. Dalam rangka melanjutkan upaya Barbour untuk mencari koherensi antara filsafat, sains-teknologi, dan teologi, maka tulisan ini memberi masukan dan koreksi atas pemikiran Barbour dan menyarankan agar menengok agama-agama Kuno yang masih bertahan dan termasuk salah satu yang penganutnya besar di belahan bumi Timur dan beberapa dekade belakangan eksistensinya merambah ke Barat, yang bisa menjelaskan secara koheren temuan-temuan teknologi terkini, dari sudut pandang lain tentunya, yakni pertemuan Barat dan Timur di sini.
Modality Markers and Shifting Genre Conventions in Dictionary Definitions
Authors: Dorošenko Jeļena 
Published: November 2022

The paper analyses the entries of Oxford Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004), building up on our previous research on changes in modality of lexicographic discourse. It is argued that its prescriptivist stance has been toned down not only by the preference for genre-specific epistemic modality markers instead of deontic modality markers, but also by employing in definitions a wide scope of common epistemic modality markers related to probability, certainty or uncertainty as regards the validity of the proposition. The prevailing defining vocabulary is now that of opinion or advice. Recommendations on usage also often refer to register variables singled out by systemic-functional linguistics: tenor (degrees of formality signalled by labels like formal, informal, and by pragmatic labels: offensive, affectionate, etc.), field (legal language, marketing, etc.) and marking the type of discourse and mode (spoken – written). Register variables split the notion of Standard English further and qualify prescriptive statements on usage, making them fully valid for a particular register only. Thus, the analysis reveals a broad range of both non-specific and genre-specific low modality markers employed in the texts of dictionary entries as new genre conventions of both content and form. It shows that these conventions are historically relative and that low modality is a new mode of address to dictionary users.
The Translation Scene in Latvia During the German Occupation
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs 
Published: November 2022

The German occupation period in Latvia followed the twenty years of Latvian independence and a year of the Soviet occupation. The shifts in the translation policies at these critical junctions were incredibly fast. The independence period saw a developed translation industry. The source language variety was growing; the variety of literature translated and the quality of translations was broad. The communist system quickly nationalized the publishers, ideologised the system and reshaped the translation pattern. Russian was made the main source language and other languages minimized. The share of ideological literature grew exponentially.
Soon after the German invasion the publishers regained their printing houses and publishing was renewed. During the German occupation around 1500 books were published. Another reorientation occurred, with German literature taking around 70 per cent of the source texts. Most of the other source texts were Nordic. No pulp literature was produced. Translation quality was generally high. The focus was on literary classics, travel literature and biographies (many German musicians). There are few ideologically motivated translations.
The official policies of the regime as regards publishing in Latvia appear to be uncoordinated and vague, with occasional decisions taken by ‘gate-keepers’ in Ostministerium and other authorities according to their own preferences. There was a nominal pre-censorship, but the publishers were expected to know and sense what was acceptable. In their turn the latter played safe sticking to classical and quality translations. Yet the statistics of what was published reflects the general drift. Some high class translations into German of Latvian classics were published.
English Language Testing in Moodle: Step Towards University of Latvia Language Policy Implementation
Authors: Karapetjana Indra , Kuzmina Jana , Vinčela Zigrīda 
Published: November 2022

Along with globalisation, university internalisation has taken place, leading to the support for the national and foreign language policies in universities. This has resulted in the expansion of English as a lingua franca of academia. The aims of this study were to discuss the results of the focused descriptive study aimed at obtaining information on the status quo of the students’ English language proficiency level at the University of Latvia (UL) and the feasibility of the introduction of an in-house Moodle-based testing introduction into the learning process at the UL. The piloted test results demonstrate that generally the students have an appropriate English language proficiency level for academic studies at the UL at all degree levels, although exhibiting limitations in writing and some limitations in listening skills. It has also been concluded that Moodle-based online language testing is helpful to meet the language policy goals set out at the University of Latvia.
Canada as a Superpower in Elizabeth Bear’s Science Fiction: The Jenny Casey Trilogy
Authors: Danytė Milda 
Published: November 2022

English-speaking science fiction readers were impressed by Elizabeth Bear’s Jenny Casey trilogy when it appeared in 2005. Along with the high quality of the novels, Hammered, Scardown and Worldwired, the American author surprised her public by a number of features that distinguishes this trilogy from most recent American science fiction. The aim of this article is to examine two of these features more closely: Bear’s combination and revision of certain earlier science fiction genres and her depiction of a world of 2062 in which Canada and not the USA has the leading role in space exploration and global conflicts. The article uses both a comparative examination of science fiction genres and a qualitative analysis of those aspects of Canada that Bear chooses to highlight. American space fiction tends to be nationalistic, but the USA of 2062 is shown as suffering from ecological disasters that its weak and divided society cannot deal with. Canada, on the other hand, though not an ideal society, successfully upholds values like moderation, and is still able to rely on the loyalty of very different kinds of characters.
Local Lecturers, International Students and Their Linguistic Compatibility
Authors: Kalnbērziņa Vita 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to compare the linguistic proficiency levels of lecturers and students, using an online lecture passage dictation as an anchor item between the two tests developed for students and lecturers. The article also reports on the use of the said dictation as a means of the assessment justification (Bachman, 2013) of the proficiency test offered via at a University in Latvia Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) system (Online 1), making the test available in different parts of the world. The main finding is that the lecturers and their students’ language proficiency is comparable when using Gary Buck’s (2001) and Common European Framework of Reference (2006) frameworks of phonological, orthographic, lexical, syntactical and discourse competence levels.
Transversal Skills in the World of Work: Applied Linguistics’ Approach
Authors: Karapetjana Indra , Roziņa Gunta , Henkuzena Ieva , Zaura Egija , Ribreiro Sandra , Sarmento Clara 
Published: November 2022

As a result of the ethno-cultural and economic contacts taking place between different countries, the 21st century has set new guidelines, known as transversal or soft skills, for employability worldwide. Communication between specialists representing different areas and occupations demands specific competences required by innovative employment systems. This, to a certain extent, has an impact on the world-wide use of English as an instrument for multinational communication. Thus, the present research, which is based on the results of the survey administered as part of the Erasmus+ Strategic partnership project Transversal Skills in Dentistry: Content and Language Integrated Approach, explored some of the key skills that are cross-disciplinary in nature and are required by the world of work. These skills tend to determine employability of tertiary level graduates with hands-off experience in dentistry. From the practical perspective, the study illustrates the key skills that are vital for increasing youth employability nowadays. The conclusions drawn support the presupposition that the 21st century’s employability is based on the manifestation of interdisciplinarity, application of novice content knowledge, and competent transition of academically acquired knowledge and skills into the world of work.
Sophisticated Surfaces and Subliminal Mythologies in the Linguistic De/Construction of Paul Auster’s "The New York Trilogy"
Authors: Sarmento Clara 
Published: November 2022

This article studies the imagery of writing in the work of Paul Auster, as an actual building craft that uses words as its raw-material. Though paying special attention to The New York Trilogy, the article uses several intertextual references, not only from other works by Paul Auster but also from Kafka, Beckett, Melville and Hawthorne. There is freedom inside the closed space of the writing-scene, which is a refuge of endless possibilities, where an alternative universe is created with a perfect order set by imagination. The writer-character builds pages that become the walls of the room that surrounds him, so that the written genesis may grow and expand. The room is like a womb that conceives and gives birth to the written work, after a gestation in solitary confinement. The writer is the creator of a cosmogony, using the power of genesis revealed in the solitude of the room. In Auster’s work, the building of the written work is similar to the ordered building of an imaginary universe. Nevertheless, the writer can also be, in another context, a creator of lethal vacuum, describing a caogony, throwing the universe he has conceived into disorder, conjuring the wall of death around him and his characters. The writer-character in constant self-reflection is like an inexperienced God, whose hands may originate either cosmos or chaos, life or death, hence Auster’s recurring meditation on the work and the power of writing, at the same time an autobiography and a self-criticism.
Model Snowball Throwing Berbantuan Media Pop Up Book Berpengaruh Terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPA
Authors: Dewi Diyantari Ida Ayu Ketut , Ngurah Wiyasa I Komang , Surya Manuaba Ida Bagus 
Published: November 2022

Diadakannya penelitian ini ialah untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian yang tujuannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran snowball throwing berbantuan media pop up book terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPA siswa kelas IV SD Negeri II Tampaksiring tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan rancangan the post test only no treatment control group design. Populasi yang dilibatkan ialah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Negeri II Tampaksiring Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020 sebanyak 169 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan perolehan sampel ialah kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Tampaksiring sebagai kelompok eksperimen sebanyak siswa 30 orang dan kelas IV SD Negeri 6 Tampaksiring sebagai kelompok kontrol sebanyak siswa 35 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes kompetensi pengetahuan IPA. Data post-test kompetensi pengetahuan IPA dianalisis menggunakan uji-t menggunakan rumus polled varians. Rata-rata skor post-test kelompok eksperimen sebesar 81,44 dan rata-rata skor post-test kelompok kontrol sebesar 63,23. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji-t diperoleh thitung = 9,520 dan pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan derajat kebebasan = 63 diperoleh ttabel = 1,998. Karena thitung > ttabel maka H0 ditolak. Hal ini berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi pengetahuan IPA antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran snowball throwing berbantuan media pop up book dengan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran snowball throwing berbantuan media pop up book berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPA kelas IV SD Negeri Gugus II Tampaksiring Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020.
Pengembangan Instrumen Skala Disiplin Belajar Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)
Authors: Arofah Nadiya , Dantes Nyoman , Tirka Wayan 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur dari instrument skala disiplin belajar sebagai penguji kelayakan untuk menghasilkan instrument yang di kategorikan valid serta reliabel untuk mengukur tingkat disiplin belajar pada siswa. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan Research and Develophment (R&D) untuk mendapatkan hasil produk dan sebagai uji coba sehingga dapat mengetahui layak dan tidaknya suatu produk. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahapan yang disebut dengan model 4D yang kemudian di modifikasi menjadi 3D yaitu diantaranya define, design, dan develop. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lima judges yaitu tiga Dosen Bimbingan Konseling, dan dua Guru Bimbingan Konseling. Hasil dari analisis data, berdasarkan hasil dari uji validitas instrument disiplin belajar pada siswa sebesar 0,88 termasuk dalam kategori valid, sedangkan hasil dari uji reliabilitas instrument disiplin belajar pada siswa sebesar 1,04 termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi. Sehingga hasil dari instrument ini dapat di kategorikan layak sebagai alat ukur instrument skala disiplin belajar pada siswa SMP.
Types of Illocutionary Act Used by Raditya Dika in Sucrd 2016
Authors: Augia Istigfa , Refnaldi Refnaldi 
Published: November 2022

This study aims to reveal the types of illocutionary act used by Raditya Dika in his You-tube video entitled SUCRD 2016. The source of data is script video Raditya Dika stand-up comedy entitled SUCRD 2016. The data in this study are all the punchline that found by Raditya Dika. Searle theory is applied in this study using descriptive to analyze the data. The results of this study shows that in delivering punchline, Raditya Dika used four types of illocutionary act. The most illocutionary types used by Raditya Dika is representative which 90 data (76,27%) from 118 total punchline. Commisive is the type that lowest types that used by Raditya Dika with 1 data found (0,84%) from total 118 punchline. Declarative is the rare types used by Raditya Dika in his stand-up comedy