bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive fluid flow guided by grain-scale equilibrium reactions during eclogitization of dry crustal rocks
Authors: Zertani Sascha , John Timm , Brachmann Caroline , Vrijmoed Johannes C. , Plümper Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluid flow in crystalline rocks in the absence of fractures or ductile shear zones dominantly occurs by grain boundary diffusion, as it is faster than volume diffusion. It is, however, unclear how reactive fluid flow is guided through such pathways. We present a microstructural, mineral chemical, and thermodynamic analysis of a static fluid-driven reaction from dry granulite to ‘wet’ eclogite. Fluid infiltration resulted in re-equilibration at eclogite-facies conditions, indicating that the granulitic protolith was out of equilibrium, but unable to adjust to changing P–T conditions. The transformation occurred in three steps: (1) initial hydration along plagioclase grain boundaries, (2) complete breakdown of plagioclase and hydration along phase boundaries between plagioclase and garnet/clinopyroxene, and (3) re-equilibration of the rock to an eclogite-facies mineral assemblage. Thermodynamic modelling of local compositions reveals that this reaction sequence is proportional to the local decrease of the Gibbs free energy calculated for ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ cases. These energy differences result in increased net reaction rates and the reactions that result in the largest decrease of the Gibbs free energy occur first. In addition, these reactions result in a local volume decrease leading to porosity formation; i.e., pathways for new fluid to enter the reaction site thus controlling net fluid flow. Element transport to and from the reaction sites only occurs if it is energetically beneficial, and enough transport agent is available. Reactive fluid flow during static re-equilibration of nominally impermeable rocks is thus guided by differences in the energy budget of the local equilibrium domains.
Small ball probability estimates for the Hölder semi-norm of the stochastic heat equation
Authors: Foondun Mohammud , Joseph Mathew , Kim Kunwoo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the stochastic heat equation on $$[0,\,1]$$

[
0
,

1
]

with periodic boundary conditions and driven by space-time white noise. Under various natural conditions, we study small ball probabilities for the Hölder semi-norms of the solutions, and provide near optimal bounds on these probabilities. As an application, we prove a support theorem in these Hölder semi-norms.
Preprocessing for Outerplanar Vertex Deletion: An Elementary Kernel of Quartic Size
Authors: Donkers Huib , Jansen Bart M. P. , Włodarczyk Michał 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the $${\varvec{\mathcal {F}}}$$

F

-Minor-Free Deletion problem one is given an undirected graph $${\varvec{G}}$$

G

, an integer $${\varvec{k}}$$

k

, and the task is to determine whether there exists a vertex set $${\varvec{S}}$$

S

of size at most $${\varvec{k}}$$

k

, so that $${\varvec{G}}-{\varvec{S}}$$

G

-

S

contains no graph from the finite family $${\varvec{\mathcal {F}}}$$

F

as a minor. It is known that whenever $${\varvec{\mathcal {F}}}$$

F

contains at least one planar graph, then $${\varvec{\mathcal {F}}}$$

F

-Minor-Free Deletion admits a polynomial kernel, that is, there is a polynomial-time algorithm that outputs an equivalent instance of size $${\varvec{k}}^{{\varvec{\mathcal {O}}}{} {\textbf {(1)}}}$$

k

O

(
1
)

[Fomin, Lokshtanov, Misra, Saurabh; FOCS 2012]. However, this result relies on non-constructive arguments based on well-quasi-ordering and does not provide a concrete bound on the kernel size. We study the Outerplanar Deletion problem, in which we want to remove at most $${\varvec{k}}$$

k

vertices from a graph to make it outerplanar. This is a special case of $${\varvec{\mathcal {F}}}$$

F

-Minor-Free Deletion for the family $${\varvec{\mathcal {F}}} = \{{\varvec{K}}_{{\textbf {4}}}, {\varvec{K}}_{{{\textbf {2,3}}}}\}$$

F

=
{

K

4

,

K

2
,
3

}

. The class of outerplanar graphs is arguably the simplest class of graphs for which no explicit kernelization size bounds are known. By exploiting the combinatorial properties of outerplanar graphs we present elementary reduction rules decreasing the size of a graph. This yields a constructive kernel with $${\varvec{\mathcal {O}}}({\varvec{k}}^{\textbf {4}})$$

O

(

k

4

)

vertices and edges. As a corollary, we derive that any minor-minimal obstruction to having an outerplanar deletion set of size $${\varvec{k}}$$

k

has $${\varvec{\mathcal {O}}}({\varvec{k}}^{\textbf {4}})$$

O

(

k

4

)

vertices and edges.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of ACBP gene family in Populus reveal salinity alkali-responsive profiles
Authors: Chang Yu , Xu Xinru , Zheng Hongxia , Xie Hao , Li Bo , Chen Sixue , Li Ying , Dai Shaojun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are important for the transport of acyl groups for macromolecular biosynthesis involved in plant growth, development, and diverse stress (e.g., cold, drought, salinity, and heavy metals) responses. Here, we report the phylogeny and characteristics of the ACBP family in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa. Eight genes encoding ACBP proteins were identified, and they are distributed on eight chromosomes in P. trichocarpa. These PtACBP genes were divided into four subgroups according to gene structure, conserved motifs and phylogenetic relationship. Promoter analysis revealed that cis-elements were related to stress response, phytohormone response, and physical and reproductive growth regulation. Expression levels of PtACBP genes varied among different organs, with the highest expression in leaves and the lowest in stems. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that under salinity-alkali stresses (i.e., 200 mM NaCl, 75 mM Na2CO3, and 100 mM NaHCO3), four (PtACBP1, PtACBP3, PtACBP4 and PtACBP8) of eight PtACBP genes were significantly induced in roots and leaves. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of the ACBPs family in P. trichocarpa, which could be useful for gene function analyses.
Insulin Deficiency Increases Sirt2 Level in Streptozotocin-Treated Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Mouse Model: Increased Sirt2 Induces Tau Phosphorylation Through ERK Activation
Authors: Zhou Chunyu , Jung Cha-Gyun , Kim Mi-Jeong , Watanabe Atsushi , Abdelhamid Mona , Taslima Ferdous , Michikawa Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that insulin deficiency is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of insulin deficiency on AD-like pathologies using an insulin-deficient amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse model (Tg2576 mice). Female Tg2576 mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce insulin deficiency, and their body weights, serum glucose levels, and serum insulin levels were evaluated. STZ-treated mice showed exacerbated Aβ accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and increased Sirt2 protein levels in the brain, as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and Western blotting. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments revealed that insulin depletion or interleukin-6 treatment increased Sirt2 protein levels in both Neuro2a and Neuro2a-P301L cells. The overexpression of Sirt2 in these cells induced tau hyperphosphorylation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Conversely, Sirt2 knockdown reversed tau hyperphosphorylation in these cells. We showed for the first time that Sirt2 is upregulated in the brains of STZ-treated Tg2576 mice and is involved in tau phosphorylation through ERK activation. Our findings suggest that Sirt2 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
Lost in Context? Critical Perspectives on Individualization
Authors: Degen J. L. , Kleeberg-Niepage A. , Bal P. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
People in contemporary society are increasingly being addressed as agentic individuals who are held responsible for personal aspects of their life and beyond. These personal aspects contain the design and organization of one’s life path in terms of, e.g., (lifelong) education, work and retirement planning, health care, work-life balance, and happiness; or with regard to more abstract concepts like sustainability, individual subjects become responsible for the future of the ecosystem on a planetary scale. This individualization includes on the one hand potential empowerment of the subject to actively shape one’s own life, and on the other hand, it tends to ignore relevant socio-economic processes, scope, and power relations, which unfold as implicit and explicit social restrictions and potential pressure. Subjects navigate through such contexts with a compulsion to control faith and course of life by their decision-making, behavior, and an overall urge to optimize the self. This special section on individualization contains (a) an editorial frame of individualization within contemporary developments in a neoliberal context and (b) empirical contributions around the processes of individualization in various conditions such as the housing crisis in Berlin, career trajectories, and incorporated neoliberal ideology when opting out of a corporate career, pseudo individualization in Indian television commercials, and leisure activities alongside the example of soccer and related fan-group dynamics interpreted as an escape from the pressure to singularize.
Kac regularity and domination of quadratic forms
Authors: Wirth Melchior 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA domain is called Kac regular for a quadratic form on $$L^2$$

L
2

if every functions vanishing almost everywhere outside the domain can be approximated in form norm by functions with compact support in the domain. It is shown that this notion is stable under domination of quadratic forms. As applications measure perturbations of quasi-regular Dirichlet forms, Cheeger energies on metric measure spaces and Schrödinger operators on manifolds are studied. Along the way a characterization of the Sobolev space with Dirichlet boundary conditions on domains in infinitesimally Riemannian metric measure spaces is obtained.
Spectral analysis of bilateral birth–death processes: some new explicit examples
Authors: de la Iglesia Manuel D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the spectral analysis of several examples of bilateral birth–death processes and compute explicitly the spectral matrix and the corresponding orthogonal polynomials. We also use the spectral representation to study some probabilistic properties of the processes, such as recurrence, the invariant distribution (if it exists), and the probability current.
Gradient estimation for smooth stopping criteria
Authors: Heidergott Bernd , Peng Yijie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe establish sufficient conditions for differentiability of the expected cost collected over a discrete-time Markov chain until it enters a given set. The parameter with respect to which differentiability is analysed may simultaneously affect the Markov chain and the set defining the stopping criterion. The general statements on differentiability lead to unbiased gradient estimators.
Antibodies in healthcare personnel following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
Authors: Bosserman Rachel E. , Farnsworth Christopher W. , O’Neil Caroline A. , Cass Candice , Park Daniel , Ballman Claire , Wallace Meghan A. , Struttmann Emily , Stewart Henry , Arter Olivia , Peacock Kate , Fraser Victoria J. , Budge Philip J. , Olsen Margaret A. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Babcock Hilary M. , Kwon Jennie H. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In a prospective cohort of healthcare personnel (HCP), we measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid IgG antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among 79 HCP, 68 (86%) were seropositive 14–28 days after their positive PCR test, and 54 (77%) of 70 were seropositive at the 70–180-day follow-up. Many seropositive HCP (95%) experienced an antibody decline by the second visit.
Group Metacognitive Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Routine Clinical Setting: An Open Trial
Authors: Carter Janet D. , Helliwell Erin , Jordan Jenny , Woolcock Colette , Bell Caroline , Gilbert Claire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often a chronic disorder characterised by uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions), and/or behaviours (compulsions). Accumulating evidence suggests that metacognitive beliefs may underlie many of the processes implicated in the formation and perpetuation of OCD. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) for OCD aims to modify these maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and processes to treat this debilitating disorder. The current study examines the outcome of a pilot trial of MCT for OCD in 26 (17 females; 9 males) adults (18–64 years) referred to a specialist outpatient service. Results were promising, with significant decreases in OCD and depression symptoms, which were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. The improvement in Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores between pre-treatment and follow-up in the completer sample (n=22) was large (d=1.29), and comparable to outcomes of well-established treatments. These encouraging results add to early empirical support for the effectiveness of group MCT as an OCD treatment alternative, as well as reinforcing the role of metacognitions contributing to this disorder.
Reporting behaviors and perceptions toward the National Healthcare Safety Network antimicrobial use (AU) and antimicrobial resistance (AR) modules
Authors: Werth Brian J. , Dilworth Thomas J. , Escobar Zahra Kassamali , Gross Alan E. , Suda Katie J. , Morris Andrew M. , McGregor Jessina C. , Kuper Kristi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectives:To identify characteristics of US health systems and end users that report antimicrobial use and resistance (AUR) data, to determine how NHSN AUR data are used by hospitals and health systems and end users, and to identify barriers to AUR reporting.Design:An anonymous survey was sent to Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network members.Methods:Data were collected via Survey Monkey from January 21 to February 21, 2020. Respondent and hospital data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:We received responses from 238 individuals across 43 US states. Respondents were primarily pharmacists (84%), from urban areas, (44%), from nonprofit medical centers (81%), and from hospitals with >250 beds (72%). Also, 62% reported data to the AU module and 19% reported data to the AR module. Use of software for local AU or AR tracking was associated with increased reporting to the AU module (19% vs 64%) and the AR module (2% vs 30%) (P < .001 each). Only 36% of those reporting data to the AU module used NHSN AUR data analysis tools regularly and only 9% reported data to the AR module regularly. Technical challenges and time and/or salary support were the most common barriers to AUR participation cited by all respondents. Among those not reporting AUR data, increased local expectations to report and better software solutions were the most commonly identified solutions to increase AUR reporting.Conclusions:Efforts to increase AUR reporting should focus on software solutions and salary support for data-entry activities. Increasing expectations to report may incentivize local resource allocation to improve AUR reporting rates.
AN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON EXPERT DETERMINATION AND DISPUTE BOARDS?
Authors: Saidov Djakhongir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article makes a case for an international convention on expert determination (ED) and Dispute Boards (DBs) that would require its Contracting States to recognise agreements on ED/DBs and enforce ED/DB decisions. Whilst strong, the case for the convention may not be compelling as there are arguments against it. But at least the time has come for the international legal community to start thinking about and debating the need for such an international regime. This article takes the first step towards imagining this international regime by evaluating a number of key issues relating to its scope of application.
PICKING OUR POISON: A CONDITIONAL DEFENSE OF GEOENGINEERING
Authors: Freiman Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeoengineering involves intentionally modifying the environment on a massive scale and is typically proposed as a last resort to prevent catastrophic harms caused by climate change. Critics argue that there are powerful moral reasons against researching, let alone undertaking, geoengineering. Perhaps most notably, Stephen Gardiner argues that even if we are forced to choose between allowing a climate catastrophe or geoengineering—and geoengineering is the less harmful option—it could still be the case that we ought not to geoengineer. This essay argues for a conditional: if we are indeed forced to choose between catastrophic environmental harm and the less harmful option of geoengineering, then we ought to geoengineer.
PUBLIC TRUST AND BIOTECH INNOVATION: A THEORY OF TRUSTWORTHY REGULATION OF (SCARY!) TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Wolf Clark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegulatory agencies aim to protect the public by moderating risks associated with innovation, but a good regulatory regime should also promote justified public trust. After introducing the USDA 2020 SECURE Rule for regulation of biotech innovation as a case study, this essay develops a theory of justified public trust in regulation. On the theory advanced here, to be trustworthy, a regulatory regime must (1) fairly and effectively manage risk, must be (2) “science based” in the relevant sense, and must in addition be (3) truthful, (4) transparent, and (5) responsive to public input. Evaluated with these norms, the USDA SECURE Rule is shown to be deeply flawed, since it fails appropriately to manage risk, and similarly fails to satisfy other normative requirements for justified trust. The argument identifies ways in which the SECURE Rule itself might be improved, but more broadly provides a normative framework for the evaluation of trustworthy regulatory policy-making.
THE FOG OF DEBATE
Authors: Ballantyne Nathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fog of war—poor intelligence about the enemy—can frustrate even a well-prepared military force. Something similar can happen in intellectual debate. What I call the fog of debate is a useful metaphor for grappling with failures and dysfunctions of argumentative persuasion that stem from poor information about our opponents. It is distressingly easy to make mistakes about our opponents’ thinking, as well as to fail to comprehend their understanding of and reactions to our arguments. After describing the fog of debate and outlining its sources in cognition and communication, I consider a few policies we might adopt upon learning we are in this fog.
New Rock Magnetic Analysis of Ultramafic Cores From the Oman Drilling Project and Its Implications for Alteration of Lower Crust and Upper Mantle
Authors: Hong Gilbert , Till Jessica Lynn , Greve Annika , Lee Sang‐Mook ,   the Oman Drilling Project Phase 2 Science Party
Published: June 2022

AbstractDetailed magnetic analyses of ultramafic rock samples recovered from the Wadi Tayin massif as part of the Oman Drilling Project provide a unique opportunity to understand the magnetic properties of oceanic lithosphere and its alteration since obduction. We examined 300‐ to 400‐m‐long cores from 3 sites (BA1B, BA3A, and BA4A) that transected the crust‐mantle boundary. Serpentinization that produces a small amount of magnetite from olivine alteration plays an important role in shaping the magnetic signature of the rocks recovered from these holes. Our investigation reveals new features, which have not been reported in previous studies of ophiolite largely based on surface rock samples. It appears that when serpentinization reaches a certain point (65%), a sharp increase in magnetic susceptibility occurs. Such pattern opens the possibility of additional production of magnetic minerals induced by various reactions (e.g., further hydration of Fe‐rich serpentine minerals), which may have occurred, while the rocks were being serpentinized. In general, the uppermost section (0–40 m) shows higher susceptibility than the deeper part. Also, higher susceptibility is found in dunite‐dominated sections than those composed of harzburgite. Overall, our observations suggest that mantle rocks of Semail ophiolite have undergone multiple stages of serpentinization over different time periods.
Permian Magnetostratigraphy and End of the Kiaman Reverse Polarity Superchron From the Southeast Karoo Basin, South Africa
Authors: De Kock M. O. , Abubakre A. O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPaleomagnetic results for a ∼2,353‐m‐thick magnetostratigraphic section for undeformed middle to late Permian rocks in the southeast of the Karoo Basin of South Africa are reported. Predominantly pseudo‐single‐domain or single‐domain titanomagnetite (with possible minor contributions by pyrrhotite and multi‐domain magnetite) were identified as remanence carriers of a dual polarity magnetization interpreted as the record of the Permian geomagnetic field during the Kiaman Reverse Polarity Superchron and subsequent Illawarra mixed polarity interval. The timing of remanence acquisition is further constrained by the effect of Jurassic‐aged dolerite intrusions, which either partially or wholly overprint the Permian remanence in their immediate vicinity. A paleopole at 62.0°S; 64.3°E and dp/dm = 4.9°/5.8° is calculated from the bedding‐corrected primary remanence (when corrected for inclination shallowing at f = 0.6 the paleopole is located at 53.2°S; 46.9°E and dp/dm = 5.9°/6.3°). This is comparable to other Permian paleopoles from the southwest section of the Karoo Basin. The end of the Kiaman Reverse Polarity Superchron can be correlated between the E‐W extremes of the basin to reveal a diachronous boundary between the Ecca and the Beaufort groups, with diachronicity calibrated to 1.1 million years for the first time.