bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time monitoring of carbonation of hardened cement pastes using Raman microscopy
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yio Marcus , Wong Hong , Buenfeld Nick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the feasibility of Raman microscopy for monitoring early surface carbonation of hardened cement pastes in real time for up to 7 days. Samples were exposed to natural carbonation (440 ppm CO2) and accelerated carbonation (4% CO2), and the evolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) polymorphs, portlandite, ettringite, C‐S‐H gel and unreacted cement particles was followed. Results showed that calcite is the main polymorph formed under both natural and accelerated carbonation. Under accelerated carbonation, the formation of calcite on the sample surface completed within 1 day whereas under natural carbonation, the formation of calcite is expected to continue beyond 7 days. The contents of portlandite and ettringite decreased rapidly under accelerated carbonation but much more gradually under natural carbonation. However, calcium silicate minerals in unreacted cement particles remained unchanged throughout the carbonation processes. Overall, this study demonstrated that Raman microscopy is a valuable tool for non‐destructive real‐time imaging of surface carbonation in cement‐based materials.
Association of Inpatient Postpartum Opioid Use with Bedside Nurse
Authors: Badreldin Nevert , Grobman William A. , Niznik Charlotte M. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionOur objective was to assess the association between the nurse providing bedside care and women's postpartum opioid use.MethodsRetrospective study of all women who birthed at a single center (December 2015 to November 2016). Patient, prescriber, and clinical data were abstracted. The postpartum nurse and total opioid use during the first 12‐hour postpartum shift after birth were determined. A high amount of opioid use was defined as morphine milligram equivalents greater than or equal to 90% for this population (stratified by vaginal and cesarean births). A logistic regression model was fit with covariates entered in a step‐wise manner to identify the extent to which individual nurses were associated with a greater likelihood of high opioid use by establishing one model in which the only covariate was nurse (model 1) and assessing whether the addition of patient (model 2), birth (model 3), and prescriber factors (model 4) altered the association. Kendall rank correlation assessed rank changes between models.ResultsOf the 8376 and 2957 women who had vaginal and cesarean births, 17.9% and 10.2%, respectively, had high opioid use. In the vaginal cohort, women cared for by 46 of 200 nurses were significantly less likely to have high opioid use. Following adjustment, patients cared for by 53 of 200 bedside nurses (model 4) had significantly lower odds of having high opioid use. The rank order of nurses, with respect to the likelihood of opioid use, remained similar after adjustment for patient, birth, and prescriber factors (Τ = 0.84). Findings were similar for the cesarean cohort: 35 of 113 nurses were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of their patients having high opioid use, and the rank order remained similar after covariate adjustment (Τ = 0.78).DiscussionThere is significant variation in postpartum women's opioid use based on the nurse that is not explained by patient, birth, or prescriber factors.
The phenomenon of caring for older patients who are dying from traumatic injuries in the emergency department: An interpretive phenomenological study
Authors: Ryan Kimberley , Windsor Carol , Jack Leanne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo gain greater understanding of what it means to care for older patients dying from traumatic injuries in the emergency department.DesignA Heideggerian phenomenological design using the methods of Van Manen.MethodsIn‐depth, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with five emergency nurses who worked in an emergency department in Australia. Interview data were interpreted using a Heideggerian hermeneutic approach and guided by Van Manen’s lifeworld analysis focusing on the experiential aspects of lived time (temporality) and lived space (spatiality) in the phenomenon.FindingsThe older patient reflects the passage of chronological time. This temporal aspect shaped the participant experience as there was a sudden awareness of the impact of the injuries sustained on the fragile physical condition of the patients. There was an unexpectedness and unpreparedness which was related to a precognitive assumption that the older patient would die from an age‐related comorbid condition. Also of significance was the sacred liminal space in which the nurses worked to facilitate the dying patient transition from life to death.ConclusionsThe existential dimensions of temporality and spatiality revealed new insights into what it means to care for elderly patients dying from traumatic injuries. Temporal aspects were shaped by the longevity of the lives of patients and spatiality explored the liminal space where participants were morally guided to deliver end of life care with dignity and respect for a long‐lived life taken by trauma.Clinical relevanceThe findings may contribute to further understanding of what shapes the experience for emergency nurses delivering EOL care in the ED, with specific relevance and focus on the older patient with traumatic injuries. Hermeneutic research may also encourage clinicians to explore phenomena to reveal new understandings that will inform further dialogue and future research.
Effect of a game‐based intervention on preoperative pain and anxiety in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Suleiman‐Martos Nora , García‐Lara Rubén A. , Membrive‐Jiménez María J. , Pradas‐Hernández Laura , Romero‐Béjar José L. , Dominguez‐Vías Germán , Gómez‐Urquiza José L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGames are increasingly being used as a means of alleviating pain and anxiety in paediatric patients, in the view that this form of distraction is effective, non‐invasive and non‐pharmacological.AimsTo determine whether a game‐based intervention (via gamification or virtual reality) during the induction of anaesthesia reduces preoperative pain and anxiety in paediatric patients.MethodsA systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines and using RevMan software. The review was based on a search of the EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, SciELO and Scopus databases, conducted in July 2021. No restriction was placed on the year of publication.Results26 studies were found, with a total study population of 2525 children. Regarding pain reduction, no significant differences were reported. For anxiety during anaesthesia induction, however, a mean difference of −10.62 (95% CI −13.85, −7.39) on the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, in favour of game‐based intervention, was recorded.ConclusionsGame‐based interventions alleviate preoperative anxiety during the induction of anaesthesia in children. This innovative and pleasurable approach can be helpful in the care of paediatric surgical patients.Relevance to clinical practiceIn children, preoperative management is a challenging task for healthcare professionals, and game‐based strategies could enhance results, improving patients’ emotional health and boosting post‐surgery recovery. Distractive games‐based procedures should be considered for incorporation in the pre‐surgery clinical workflow in order to optimise healthcare.
Reducing informational asymmetry impacts choices and improves safety: An evaluation of automobile crash tests
Authors: Sheehan‐Connor Damien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVehicle crash tests mitigate an informational market failure and provide substantial benefits to consumers. Consumers cannot accurately assess vehicle safety leading automakers to provide it suboptimally. Crash tests performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety represent an attempt to mitigate this market failure. This paper presents evidence that automakers responded by producing safer vehicles and that consumers increased purchases of highly rated vehicles. A novel identification strategy using the year of vehicle redesign is used to evaluate the tests' safety impact. A lower‐bound estimate of program benefits is $3000 per vehicle resulting in an annual reduction of 1650 fatalities.
Hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations in the United States: 2010–2018
Authors: Wasuwanich Paul , Striley Catherine W. , Kamili Saleem , Teshale Eyasu H. , Seaberg Eric C. , Karnsakul Wikrom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the United States, hepatitis D is not a reportable condition, leading to gaps in epidemiological and clinical knowledge. We aim to estimate the incidence of hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations in the United States and describe the clinical, demographic and geographic characteristics of those hospitalizations. We utilized hospitalization data from the 2010–2018 National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Hepatitis D and hepatitis B only (HBV only) hospitalizations were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes. We identified 3825 hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations. The hospitalization rate of hepatitis D was between 6.9 and 20.7 per 10,000,000 but did not change significantly over time. Compared to HBV only, the hepatitis D cohort had a greater proportion of males, Hispanics, hospitalizations in the Northeast region. The hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations also had significantly greater frequencies of liver failure, non‐alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites and thrombocytopenia. While mortality in hepatitis D was similar to that of HBV only, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.79; p = .020) and having a diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis (OR = 3.37; p = .044) increased the odds of mortality within the hepatitis D cohort. Although the hepatitis D‐associated hospitalizations were relatively uncommon, they were associated with severe complications.
Post‐vaccination serologic testing of infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers is more cost‐effective in Zhejiang Province, China: A Markov chain analysis
Authors: Lu Zhaojun , Zhou Yang , Yan Rui , Deng Xuan , Tang Xuewen , Zhu Yao , Xu Xiaoping , Zheng Weijun , He Hanqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the post‐vaccination serologic testing (PVST) plus active‐passive immunoprophylaxis of infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive mothers, a Markov model was constructed by R 4.0.1 to compare the current strategy (three‐dose HepB plus HBIG) and the PVST strategy (post‐vaccination serologic testing plus the current strategy) for infants of HBsAg‐positive mothers. Costs and utility scores were assessed from a field survey. Other model inputs were extracted from published literature and unpublished data from the Zhejiang provincial center for disease control and prevention (Zhejiang CDC). We calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) as the main result within 1‐year cycle length with a 81 horizon among 50,000 infants and performed one‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to explore the reliability of outcome. The ICER was −4130.18 yuan/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) for the PVST strategy compared with the current strategy from the societal perspective. It was estimated that the PVST strategy would save about 3,809,546 yuan and prevent loss of 922.37 QALYs within 81 cycles among 50,000 infants. ICER was most sensitive to the discount rate, and the cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves showed that the PVST strategy reached a probability of being 100% cost‐effective below willing to pay (107,624 yuan). In conclusion, the PVST strategy had increased the utility and reduced cost among infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers. The PVST strategy is a more cost‐effective choice for infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers than the current strategy, and further promotion of the PVST project is recommended.
Meta‐analysis shows both congruence and complementarity of DNA and eDNA metabarcoding to traditional methods for biological community assessment
Authors: Keck François , Blackman Rosetta C. , Bossart Raphael , Brantschen Jeanine , Couton Marjorie , Hürlemann Samuel , Kirschner Dominik , Locher Nadine , Zhang Heng , Altermatt Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA metabarcoding is increasingly used for the assessment of aquatic communities, and numerous studies have investigated the consistency of this technique with traditional morpho‐taxonomic approaches. These individual studies have used DNA metabarcoding to assess diversity and community structure of aquatic organisms both in marine and freshwater systems globally over the last decade. However, a systematic analysis of the comparability and effectiveness of DNA‐based community assessment across all of these studies has hitherto been lacking. Here, we performed the first meta‐analysis of available studies comparing traditional methods and DNA metabarcoding to measure and assess biological diversity of key aquatic groups, including plankton, microphytobentos, macroinvertebrates, and fish. Across 215 data sets, we found that DNA metabarcoding provides richness estimates that are globally consistent to those obtained using traditional methods, both at local and regional scale. DNA metabarcoding also generates species inventories that are highly congruent with traditional methods for fish. Contrastingly, species inventories of plankton, microphytobenthos and macroinvertebrates obtained by DNA metabarcoding showed pronounced differences to traditional methods, missing some taxa but at the same time detecting otherwise overseen diversity. The method is generally sufficiently advanced to study the composition of fish communities and replace more invasive traditional methods. For smaller organisms, like macroinvertebrates, plankton and microphytobenthos, DNA metabarcoding may continue to give complementary rather than identical estimates compared to traditional approaches. Systematic and comparable data collection will increase the understanding of different aspects of this complementarity, and increase the effectiveness of the method and adequate interpretation of the results.
Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing of Nicotiana attenuata corolla cells reveals the biosynthetic pathway of a floral scent
Authors: Kang Moonyoung , Choi Yuri , Kim Hyeonjin , Kim Sang‐Gyu 
Published: January 2022

Summary

High‐throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) identifies distinct cell populations based on cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity in gene expression. By examining the distribution of the density of gene expression profiles, we can observe the metabolic features of each cell population.

Here, we employ the scRNA‐Seq technique to reveal the entire biosynthetic pathway of a flower volatile.

The corolla of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata emits a bouquet of scents that are composed mainly of benzylacetone (BA). Protoplasts from the N. attenuata corolla limbs and throat cups were isolated at three different time points, and the transcript levels of > 16 000 genes were analyzed in 3756 single cells.

We performed unsupervised clustering analysis to determine which cell clusters were involved in BA biosynthesis. The biosynthetic pathway of BA was uncovered by analyzing gene co‐expression in scRNA‐Seq datasets and by silencing candidate genes in the corolla.

In conclusion, the high‐resolution spatiotemporal atlas of gene expression provided by scRNA‐Seq reveals the molecular features underlying cell‐type‐specific metabolism in a plant.
SAMDC3 enhances resistance to Barley stripe mosaic virus by promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of viral γb protein
Authors: Li Zhaolei , Yang Xinxin , Li Wenli , Wen Zhiyan , Duan Jiangning , Jiang Zhihao , Zhang Dingliang , Xie Xialin , Wang Xueting , Li Fangfang , Li Dawei , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in virus–host interplay. We previously demonstrated that Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) γb protein is phosphorylated by different host kinases to support or impede viral infection. However, whether and how other types of PTMs participate in BSMV infection remains to be explored.

Here, we report that S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 3 (SAMDC3) from Nicotiana benthamiana or wheat (Triticum aestivum) interacts with γb. BSMV infection induced SAMDC3 expression. Overexpression of SAMDC3 led to the destabilization of γb and reduction in viral infectivity, whereas knocking out NbSAMDC3 increased susceptibility to BSMV.

NbSAMDC3 positively regulated the 26S proteasome‐mediated degradation of γb via its PEST domain. Further mechanistic studies revealed that γb can be ubiquitinated in planta and that NbSAMDC3 promotes the proteasomal degradation of γb by increasing γb ubiquitination. We also found evidence that ubiquitination occurs at nonlysine residues (Ser‐133 and Cys‐144) within γb.

Together, our results provide a function for SAMDC3 in defence against BSMV infection through targeting of γb abundance, which contributes to our understanding of how a plant host deploys the ubiquitin–proteasome system to mount defences against viral infections.
Tinea capitis: An update
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Friedlander Sheila Fallon , Simkovich Aaron J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTinea capitis is an important superficial infection and affects children globally. A literature review was conducted to identify recent findings and the current understanding of this fungal infection. Here, we highlight updates on important aspects of tinea capitis including advances in dermatophyte detection and diagnosis and comparing these new methods to more traditional techniques. Additionally, aspects of treating tinea capitis are discussed, including the importance of mycological confirmation and current means of treatment, and the treatment of asymptomatic carriers are reviewed. This review also examines the subject of laboratory monitoring of patients undergoing treatment with systemic antifungals; we discuss the opinions of prominent researchers and currently accepted guidelines. Lastly, we provide answers to several common questions that practitioners may encounter when treating a child with tinea capitis.
Introduction to biological rhythms: A brief history of chronobiology and its relevance to parasite immunology
Authors: Ince Louise Madeleine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlmost every living organism on earth is exposed to a fluctuating environment, for example, light:dark cycles, food availability and seasonal photoperiods. Most species have therefore evolved internal timing mechanisms allowing them to anticipate these rhythmic environmental changes, obtaining a survival advantage. Circadian (24 h) rhythms, in particular, regulate multiple aspects of physiology, including sleep/wake activity, feeding rhythms and immune function. Recent studies have identified circadian rhythms in symptoms of parasite infections, rhythms in parasite schizogony and evidence that certain parasites can manipulate host rhythms. Furthermore, efficacy of anti‐parasite medications can also be modulated by timing of drug administration. Understanding the interactions between host rhythms, parasite rhythms and disease severity is crucial to fully understand how to combat infections and reduce pathology. The aim of this review is, therefore, to provide an introduction to the field of biological rhythms, give a brief history of chronobiology research and discuss the relevance of biological rhythms to parasite immunology.
Parallel imports of status goods: A strategic analysis of aesthetic design
Authors: Li Krista J. , Zhang Jianqiang , Schaefer Richard 
Published: January 2022

Parallel imports of gray products across markets are a worldwide concern for manufacturers. Extant research has focused on parallel imports of regular goods that do not provide status value. In this paper, we investigate parallel imports of conspicuously consumed status goods. We consider a manufacturer who directly sells a status product to consumers in two markets that value the product differently and a gray marketer that can import the product across markets. Our analysis shows that, though parallel imports decrease a manufacturer's profit from selling regular goods, it can increase their profit from selling status goods. Furthermore, the manufacturer decides whether to use the same or different aesthetic design for products across markets. With the same design, the gray and manufacturer‐authorized products look identical, while different designs make them distinguishable, which affects their status value. We find that parallel imports benefit the manufacturer in a broader range of situations under the different‐design strategy, whereas the same‐design strategy increases the gray marketer's profit. When the two markets are sufficiently similar, the manufacturer uses the same design to induce parallel imports. When the two markets are sufficiently different, the manufacturer uses different designs to either deter parallel imports or improve their profit while competing with the gray marketer.
Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection amongst children
Authors: Mannheim Jonathan , Konda Sreenivas , Logan Latania K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations, but comparatively few epidemiologic studies have been performed on children as compared to adults.ObjectivesTo characterise factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections amongst children from Chicago, Illinois, USA.MethodsA test‐negative case‐control study of children tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 (0–18 years) at three medical centres of the Rush University System for Health between 12 March and 7 December 2020 was conducted. Of 8462 children, 1,302 tested positive by real‐time PCR or rapid (NAAT) testing. Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 was analysed as the outcome variable; effects of predictors were assessed by logistic regression analysis. A Paediatric Risk Score Index with a concordance index of 72% of accuracy was created to predict SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ResultsThe median age of cases was 13 years. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were being Hispanic/Latinx (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% CI 1.99, 3.03); Black/African‐American (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.66); overweight/obese (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02, 1.58); older age, 10–14 years (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39, 2.08), 15–18 years (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.71, 2.47); from households with income <$50,000 (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17, 1.60); or residing in predominantly minority neighbourhoods (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17, 1.80). Infections were higher during the second “fall” wave (5 October 2020 onward) compared with the first “spring” wave (OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.01, 2.63). Within Chicago, racial/ethnic minority neighbourhoods had striking positivity rates, as high as 39% in majority Hispanic/Latinx West Lawn neighbourhood. In suburban Chicago, highest positivity rates (20%–28%) were in zip codes within Hispanic/Latinx communities.ConclusionsInfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is more likely amongst children of Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity, Black/African‐American race, aged 10–18 years, who are overweight/obese, from lower income households, and from minority neighbourhoods. Future studies should focus on the prevention of COVID‐19 infection in children of highest risk.