bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically Tuned Intracellular Gene Delivery by Core‐Shell Nanoparticles: Effects of Proton Buffering, Acid Degradability, and Membrane Disruption
Authors: Cho Soo Kyung , Lee Rebecca T. , Hwang Yoon‐Hwae , Kwon Young Jik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanoparticles consisting of a condensed nucleic acid core surrounded by protective layers which aid to overcome extracellular and intracellular hurdles to gene delivery (i. e., core‐shell nanoparticles, CSNPs) synthetically mimic viruses. The outer shells shield the core and are particularly designed to enable facilitated release of the gene payload into the cytoplasm, the major limiting step in intracellular gene delivery. The hypothetical proton sponge effect and degradability in response to a stimulus (i. e., mildly acidic pH in the endosome) are two prevailing, although contested, principles in designing effective carriers for intracellular gene delivery via endosomal escape. Utilizing the highly flexible chemical‐tuning of the polymeric shell via surface‐initiated photo‐polymerization of the various monomers at different molecular ratios, the effects of proton buffering capacity, acid‐degradability, and endosomal membrane‐lysis property on intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA by CSNPs were investigated. This study demonstrated the equivalently critical roles of proton buffering and acid‐degradability in achieving efficient intracellular gene delivery, independent of cellular uptake. Extended proton buffering resulted in further improved transfection as long as the core structure was not compromised. The results of the study present a promising synthetic strategy to the development of an efficient, chemically‐tunable gene delivery carrier.
The association of obesity with the progression and outcome of COVID‐19: The insight from an artificial‐intelligence‐based imaging quantitative analysis on computed tomography
Authors: Lu Xiaoting , Cui Zhenhai , Ma Xiang , Pan Feng , Li Lingli , Wang Jiazheng , Sun Peng , Li Huiqing , Yang Lian , Liang Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the association of obesity with the progression and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) at the acute period and 5‐month follow‐up from the perspectives of computed tomography (CT) imaging with artificial intelligence (AI)‐based quantitative evaluation, which may help to predict the risk of obese COVID‐19 patients progressing to severe and critical disease.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort enrolled 213 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Patients were classified into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI): normal weight (from 18.5 to <24 kg/m2), overweight (from 24 to <28 kg/m2) and obesity (≥28 kg/m2).ResultsCompared with normal‐weight patients, patients with higher BMI were associated with more lung involvements in lung CT examination (lung lesions volume [cm3], normal weight vs. overweight vs. obesity; 175.5[34.0–414.9] vs. 261.7[73.3–576.2] vs. 395.8[101.6–1135.6]; p = 0.002), and were more inclined to deterioration at the acute period. At the 5‐month follow‐up, the lung residual lesion was more serious (residual total lung lesions volume [cm3], normal weight vs. overweight vs. obesity; 4.8[0.0–27.4] vs. 10.7[0.0–55.5] vs. 30.1[9.5–91.1]; p = 0.015), and the absorption rates were lower for higher BMI patients (absorption rates of total lung lesions volume [%], normal weight vs. overweight vs. obesity; 99.6[94.0–100.0] vs. 98.9[85.2–100.0] vs. 88.5[66.5–95.2]; p = 0.013). The clinical‐plus‐AI parameter model was superior to the clinical‐only parameter model in the prediction of disease deterioration (areas under the ROC curve, 0.884 vs. 0.794, p < 0.05).ConclusionsObesity was associated with severe pneumonia lesions on CT and adverse clinical outcomes. The AI‐based model with combinational use of clinical and CT parameters had incremental prognostic value over the clinical parameters alone.
Subtle structures with not‐so‐subtle functions: A data set of arthropod constructs and their host plants
Authors: Pereira Cássio Cardoso , Novais Samuel , Barbosa Milton , Negreiros Daniel , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Roslin Tomas , Marquis Robert , Marino Nicholas , Novotny Vojtech , Orivel Jerome , Sui Shen , Aires Gustavo , Antoniazzi Reuber , Dáttilo Wesley , Breviglieri Crasso , Busse Annika , Gibb Heloise , Izzo Thiago , Kadlec Tomas , Kemp Victoria , Kersch‐Becker Monica , Knapp Michal , Kratina Pavel , Luke Rebecca , Majnarić Stefan , Maritz Robin , Martins Paulo Mateus , Mendesil Esayas , Michalko Jaroslav , Mrazova Anna , Perić Mirela Sertić , Petermann Jana , Ribeiro Sérvio , Sam Katerina , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Vieira Camila , Westwood Natalie , Bernaschini Maria , Carvajal Valentina , González Ezequiel , Jausoro Mariana , Kaensin Stanis , Ospina Fabiola , Pérez Jacob Cristóbal , Quesada Mauricio , Rogy Pierre , Srivastava Diane S. , Szpryngiel Scarlett , Tack Ayco J. M. , Teder Tiit , Videla Martin , Viljur Mari‐Liis , Koricheva Julia , Fernandes G. Wilson , Romero Gustavo Q. , Cornelissen Tatiana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community diversity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant‐based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.
Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection in a non‐Newtonian third‐grade fluid flowing through vertical parallel plates: A semianalytical study of flow and heat transfer
Authors: Chaudhuri Sumanta , Chakraborty Paromita , Das Mrutyunjay , Das Bitanjaya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBuoyancy assisted and buoyancy opposed mixed convection of a third‐grade fluid, which flows through vertically oriented parallel plates, subjected to uniform and constant wall heat fluxes, under the effect of an externally applied magnetic field, are investigated. The coupled, nonlinear conservation equations of momentum and energy are solved employing the collocation method (CM) and velocity and temperature distributions are solved semianalytically. The results produced by the CM and the results of exact solution are compared for the buoyancy assisted and buoyancy opposed flow of a Newtonian fluid through the vertically oriented parallel plates arrangement without the effect of the externally applied magnetic field. An excellent agreement is exhibited by demonstrating the efficacy of the CM. The effects of the third‐grade fluid parameter, Hartmann number, and mixed convection parameter on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and Nusselt number are studied. The results imply that in the case of buoyancy assisted flow, an increment in the non‐Newtonian third‐grade fluid parameter causes a decrease in the fluid velocity near the plate walls, which finally causes an increase in the velocity in the central core of the plates. In buoyancy opposed flow, the effect of the same parameter is to oppose the flow reversal near the walls and with higher values of this parameter, it can totally prevent the flow reversal near the walls. The results of the present study can be useful in the fields of flow and heat transfer of various grades of polymers, paints, and food processing.
Numerical study on the parabolic flow of MHD fluid past a vertical plate in a porous medium
Authors: Reddy Poli Chandra , Umamheswar Mummadisetty , Reddy S. Harinath , Raju A. B. Madhumohana , Raju M. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA numerical investigation on MHD fluid flow in parabolic mode has been performed to point out its significant properties. Thermal radiation, porous medium, heat generation, chemical reaction, and thermal diffusion along with variable temperature and concentration are taken into consideration in the analysis. The novelty of the work is the inclusion of heat generation and thermal diffusion along with exponentially varying temperature and concentration. The constituent governing equations are solved by using finite difference schemes in explicit form. The fluctuations in velocity, concentration, and temperature are observed and discussed with the help of graphs as well as numerical data. Their gradients are also calculated and analyzed the flow properties by using numerical tables. The existence of heat generation, as well as viscous dissipation, creates an increment in the temperature. The gradient of heat transfer rises with the impact of Prandtl number and decay in it is examined under the existence of a source of heat and viscous dissipation.
1,7‐Diazaperylene in Organic Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Yumusak Cigdem , Mayr Felix , Wielend Dominik , Kahraman Bilge , Kanbur Yasin , Langhals Heinz , Irimia‐Vladu Mihai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA thorough material characterization of 1,7‐diazaperylene via multiple investigation techniques (cyclic voltammetry, photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, impedance spectroscopy) was performed to understand its applicability in organic electronic devices. The recorded data of this perylene derivative was placed in conjunction with the respective data of the parent perylene molecule, and the behavior of this novel compound in organic electronic devices (planar diodes and field effect transistors explained). Although no photovoltaic effect behavior was recorded in planar diodes where 1,7‐diazaperylene was employed both as a donor as well as an acceptor, the perylene derivatives proves functional as dielectric layer in organic field effect transistors.
Abortion‐related infections across 11 countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Prevalence, severity, and management
Authors: Baguiya Adama , Mehrtash Hedieh , Bonet Mercedes , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Compaoré Rachidatou , Bello Folasade Adenike , Govule Philip , Msusa Ausbert Thoko , Kim Caron R. , Kouanda Séni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of infection among abortion‐related complications in health facilities, describe their management, and identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with abortion‐related infections.MethodsA secondary analysis of the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion‐related morbidity (MCS‐A) conducted in 210 health facilities of 11 Sub‐Saharan African countries between 2017 and 2018. The outcome variable was abortion‐related infections, categorized into three mutually exclusive groups of abortion‐related complications: infections only, infection with other complications, and other complications without infection. We described the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the management of abortion‐related infection and identified the factors associated with abortion‐related infections using a multinomial logistic model.ResultsA total of 9232 women with abortion‐related complications were included, with infection occurring among 10.6% of women (n = 974). Infection was involved in 47.4% (n = 153) of severe maternal outcomes with a case fatality rate of 27.4% (n = 42). The most common management approach was antibiotics, uterine evacuation, and uterotonics combined: 43.2% (n = 384) in the group of women with infection only and 48.6% (n = 4235) among those with infection and other complications. In addition, 85.9% (n = 7095) of women without infection also received therapeutic antibiotics. Factors associated with an increased odds of infection only compared with complication without infection were age younger than 20 years compared with those aged over 30 (aOR 1.84; 95% CI,1.24–2.74), not living in a couple (aOR 2.05, 95% CI,1.52–2.76), and gestational age of 13 weeks or more (aOR 1.70, 95% CI,1.27–2.26). The same factors were associated with infection and other complications.ConclusionInfection is frequent among severe abortion‐related complications, and its case fatality rate is high. Further research to assess the relationship between abortion‐related infections and outcomes is needed. There is also a need to question the quality of postabortion care and improve adequate use of antibiotics.
Beta‐ketothiolase deficiency: A case with unusual presentation of nonketotic hypoglycemic episodes due to coexistent probable secondary carnitine deficiency
Authors: Alijanpour Morteza , Sasai Hideo , Abdelkreem Elsayed , Ago Yasuhiko , Soleimani Shima , Moslemi Leila , Yamaguchi Seiji , Rezapour Masomeh , Hakimi Mohammad T. , Matsumoto Hideki , Fukao Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeta‐ketothiolase (T2, mitochondrial acetoacetyl‐CoA thiolase) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism that is characterized by increased urinary excretion of 2‐methylacetoacetate, 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyrate, and tiglylglycine. Most patients with T2 deficiency develop their first severe ketoacidotic events between 5 and 24 months of age. We encountered a case of T2 deficiency who developed the first hypoglycemic crisis without ketosis during her neonatal period and repeated such nonketotic hypoglycemic crisis during her infancy and early childhood. This is a very atypical clinical phenotype in T2 deficiency. We finally realized that she also has severe carnitine deficiency which might suppress beta‐oxidation resulting in nonketotic hypoglycemia. After carnitine supplementation, she actually developed episodes with ketonuria. Her carnitine deficiency was probably a secondary deficiency which is rare in T2 deficiency but if present, may modify the clinical manifestation of T2 deficiency from ketoacidotic events to hypoketotic hypoglycemic events.
Different responses of soil nitrogen to combined addition of labile carbon sources with fresh versus decomposed litter#
Authors: Ma Hongliang , Tecimen Hüseyin Barış , Ma Fen , Imran Shakeel , Gao Ren , Yin Yunfeng , Raza Taqi , Sun Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that litter releases dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which would impact the role of litter in soil nitrogen (N) transformation. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effect of litters decomposed at different levels on soil N dynamics in the presence of labile carbon.MethodsAn incubation experiment was carried out with fresh litter (SF), partially decomposed litter (SP) or the combined addition of glucose and alanine in soils for 210 days. The influence of litter addition on soil was investigated by changes of soil soluble organic N, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N and microbial biomass N (MBN).ResultsThere was higher soil NH4+‐N and NO3−‐N in SF, nonetheless lower in SP than control. Litter addition decreased soil dissolved organic N (DON), but increased DOC compared to control. These results suggested that the effects of litter on soil N might change with the varying status of decomposed litter. Alanine addition increased each soil N form, which was more of DON and less of MBN in SP than SF. After adding amino acids, the priming amount of DON was computed positive at 0.5 day with the highest soil MBN, simultaneously. Moreover, the net N transformation rate preceded the gross rate. Glucose addition also improved soil NH4+‐N and DON more in SP than SF, while lessened MBN in SF than SP. These results indicated that the differential effect of labile C sources, alanine and glucose, on soil N might be related to the chemistry of the differently decomposed litter. As a labile C source, glucose had a lesser effect on soil N than alanine.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted the coexistence of litters at varied decomposition status and C sources released from litters, which are contributed to the N dynamics in soil and are critical for the ecological functioning of the degraded litter.
Study on the effect of aluminium foil on packaging thermal insulation performance in cold chain logistics
Authors: Zeng Taiying , Jiang Hailin , Hao Fayi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study developed a mathematical model to analyse the effect of aluminium foil on packaging thermal insulation performance in cold chain logistics. The maximum insulation time (MIT) was adopted to quantify the thermal insulation performance of the packaging boxes. The heat penetration rate of the insulation box was verified through the ice melting test. The numerical relationship between the MIT and the phase‐change material (PCM) complete melting time was obtained, and the thermal insulation performance of different insulation boxes was further studied. The results showed, when k = 0.5593 and C = −3.4614, the mathematical model was in good agreement with the thermal insulation performance of the packaging box. It demonstrated that the method of linear fitting the MIT through the PCM complete melting time effectively assessed the thermal insulation performance of the packaging with aluminium foil. Moreover, the thermal insulation performance of adding aluminium foil to the inner surface of the insulating material outperformed the outer surface. An increase of 25.39% and 4.03% in MIT was obtained from adding aluminium foil to the inner surface and the outer surface compared with the insulating material without aluminium foil. Adding aluminium foil to the double‐sided surface of the insulating material achieved more significant insulation performance. The MIT increased by 28.70% and 2.64%, respectively, compared with the material without aluminium foil and adding aluminium foil to the inner surface of the insulating material.
Bivariate copula monitoring
Authors: Easton Andrew , van Dalen Okki , Goeb Rainer , Di Bucchianico Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe assumption of multivariate normality underlying the Hotelling chart is often violated for process data. The multivariate dependency structure can be separated from marginals with the help of copula theory, which permits to model association structures beyond the covariance matrix. Copula‐based estimation and testing routines have reached maturity regarding a variety of practical applications. We have constructed a rich design matrix for the comparison of the Hotelling chart with the copula test by Verdier and the copula test by Vuong, which allows for weighting the observations adaptively. Based on the design matrix, we have conducted a large and computationally intensive simulation study. The results show that the copula test by Verdier performs better than Hotelling in a large variety of out‐of‐control cases, whereas the weighted Vuong scheme often fails to provide an improvement.
The concept of one health applied to the problem of zoonotic diseases
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed N. F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZoonotic diseases are a burden on healthcare systems globally, particularly underdeveloped nations. Numerous vertebrate animals (e.g., birds, mammals and reptiles) serve as amplifier hosts or reservoirs for viral zoonoses. The spread of zoonotic disease is associated with environmental factors, climate change, animal health as well as other human activities including globalization, urbanization and travel. Diseases at the human‐animal environment interface (e.g., zoonotic diseases, vector‐borne diseases, food/water borne diseases) continue to pose risk to animals and humans with a great significant mortality and morbidity. It is estimated that of 1400 infectious diseases known to affect humans, 60% of them are of animal origin. In addition, 75% of the emerging infectious diseases have a zoonotic nature, worldwide. The one health concept plays an important role in the control and prevention of zoonoses by integrating animal, human, and environmental health through collaboration and communication among osteopaths, wildlife, physicians, veterinarians professionals, public health and environmental experts, nurses, dentists, physicists, biomedical engineers, plant pathologists, biochemists, and others. No one sector, organization, or person can address issues at the animal–human–ecosystem interface alone.
Create inclusive content with accessibility tools
Authors: Talarico Donna 
Published: January 2022

When you create social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just students with disabilities.
Globoid cell leukodystrophy in two dachshund siblings
Authors: Kosinova Pausova Tereza , Rosati Marco , Tomek Aleš 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn 11‐week‐old male dachshund and its 13‐week‐old female sibling presented with slowly progressive gait abnormalities, cerebellar ataxia and intention head tremor. In the pedigree of their parents, there were no signs of these neurological abnormalities. The magnetic resonance imaging scan results, cerebrospinal fluid and complete blood analysis obtained in the male dog were not consistent with metabolic, infectious or anomalous conditions, leaving a degenerative disorder as the most likely differential diagnosis. Both puppies were euthanased (male after 3 weeks and female after 6 weeks) due to diffuse central nervous system abnormalities. Histopathology findings were consistent with globoid cell leukodystrophy. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of this lysosomal storage disease in a dachshund.
Waves of change: Responding, recovering, and rebuilding in crisis
Authors: Steele Michelle Cummings , Pierre Darren E. , Priest Kerry L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we use the metaphor of a tsunami to illustrate the waves of change brought on by the global pandemic. We discuss the role of leadership educators in responding, recovering, and rebuilding in the aftermath of crisis. We draw from transition theory and complex adaptive leadership theory for sense‐making and action.