bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of self- and hetero-grafting on anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine
Authors: Zhong Haixia , Liu Zhongjie , Zhang Fuchun , Zhou Xiaoming , Sun Xiaoxia , Li Yongyao , Liu Wenwen , Xiao Hua , Wang Nan , Lu Hong , Pan Mingqi , Wu Xinyu , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrafting, which joins a scion from a cultivar with the stem of a rootstock from a grapevine wild relative, is commonly used in viticulture. Grafting has crucial effects on various phenotypes of the cultivar, including its phenology, biotic and abiotic resistance, berry metabolome, and coloration, but the underlying genetics and regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles at three developmental stages (45, 75, and 105 days after flowering) of the Crimson Seedless cultivar (Vitis vinifera) grafted onto four rootstocks (three heterografts, CS/101-14, CS/SO4, and CS/110R and one self-graft, CS/CS) with own-rooted graft-free Crimson Seedless (CS) as the control. All the heterografts had a significant effect on berry reddening as early as ~45 days after flowering. The grafting of rootstocks promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries. The metabolomic features showed that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and petunidin 3-O-glucoside were the pigments responsible for the purplish-red peel color. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, from upstream (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) to downstream (anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and anthocyanidin synthase), were upregulated with the accumulation of anthocyanins in the heterografted plants. At the same time, all these genes were also highly expressed and more anthocyanin was accumulated in self-grafted CS/CS samples compared with own-rooted graft-free CS samples, suggesting that self-grafting may also have promoted berry reddening in grapevine. Our results reveal global transcriptomic and metabolomic features in berry color regulation under different grafting conditions that may be useful for improving berry quality in viticulture.
Asymptotic tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in hexaploids
Authors: Wang Jing , Feng Li , Mu Shuaicheng , Dong Ang , Gan Jinwen , Wen Zhenying , Meng Juan , Li Mingyu , Wu Rongling , Sun Lidan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hexaploids, a group of organisms containing three complete sets of chromosomes in a single nucleus, are of utmost importance to evolutionary studies and breeding programs. Many studies have focused on hexaploid linkage analysis and QTL mapping in controlled crosses, but little methodology has been developed to reveal how hexaploids diversify and evolve in natural populations. We formulate a general framework for studying the pattern of genetic variation in autohexaploid populations through testing deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at individual molecular markers. We confirm that hexaploids cannot reach exact HWE but can approach asymptotic HWE at 8–9 generations of random mating. We derive a statistical algorithm for testing HWE and the occurrence of double reduction for autopolyploids, a phenomenon that affects population variation during long evolutionary processes. We perform computer simulation to validate the statistical behavior of our test procedure and demonstrate its usefulness by analyzing a real data set for autohexaploid chrysanthemum. When extended to allohexaploids, our test procedure will provide a generic tool for illustrating the genome structure of hexaploids in the quest to infer their evolutionary status and design association studies of complex traits.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis by exogenous acetylsalicylic acid in kiwifruit
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Xiao-fen , Zhang Hui-qin , Allan Andrew C , Wang Wen-qiu , Yin Xue-ren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Levels of ethylene, implicated in the induction of fruit ripening in a diverse array of plants, are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as other plant hormones. Among these, salicylic acid (SA) and its derivative, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), have been demonstrated to inhibit ethylene biosynthesis in fruit, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed that treatment with exogenous ASA dramatically reduced ethylene production, as well as activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), in kiwifruit tissues. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated the differential expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes (AdACS1/2 and AdACO5). A screen of transcription factors indicated that AdERF105L and AdWRKY29 were ASA-responsive regulators of AdACS1/2 and AdACO5, respectively. In addition to these genes, AdACS3 and AdACO3 were abundantly expressed in both ASA-treated and control tissues. AdACS3 protein was phosphorylated and stabilized by AdMPK16, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, while AdACO3 activity was enhanced by AdAP, an aspartic peptidase. Exogenous ASA downregulated AdMPK16 and AdAP, thereby influencing ethylene biosynthesis at a post-transcriptional level. These findings led us to propose a multidimensional system for inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by ASA, inducing differential expression of some ethylene biosynthesis genes, as well as differential effects on protein activity on other targets.
Research on low-carbon supply chain decision-making under different incentive models
Authors: Peng XinXin , Tao YuHong , Wang ChunMei , Zhong Zhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Considering the low-carbon supply chain led by one manufacturer and followed by one retailer, market demand is influenced by the investment of low-carbon product promotion and the degree of emission reduction. Stackelberg game theory is used to construct the game models with no-incentive model and three incentive models, respectively. The equilibrium solutions of the degree of low-carbon products promotion, the degree of low-carbon products emission reduction, the market demand, the cost-sharing ratio of the manufacturer to the retailer’s low-carbon products promotion, the degree of government’s incentive to the manufacturer’s low-carbon products, as well as the manufacturer’s and retailer’s profit are obtained in the four models. Finally, with the results, we provide some policy suggestions for the management and practice of a low-carbon supply chain.
Elite-Public Gaps in Attitudes to Nuclear Weapons: New Evidence from a Survey of German Citizens and Parliamentarians
Authors: Smetana Michal , Onderco Michal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A recent surge in survey-based scholarship has shed new light on public attitudes toward nuclear weapons. Yet, we still know little about how these public attitudes differ from those of political elites. To address this gap, we conducted an original survey on a large representative sample of German citizens and on a unique elite sample of German parliamentarians. In the survey, we asked the respondents about their views on different aspects of NATO's nuclear sharing practice. We found support for several hypotheses concerning nuclear use, extended deterrence, withdrawal of forward-deployed weapons, and the feasibility of global nuclear disarmament. As such, we provide systematic empirical evidence that there are, indeed, important gaps in public and elite attitudes toward nuclear weapons. Our findings underscore the argument that scholars should survey both political elites and the general public to obtain a comprehensive picture of attitudes toward pertinent questions in our field.
Behavioral Influence
Authors: Chambers Christopher P , Cuhadaroglu Tugce , Masatlioglu Yusufcan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the context of stochastic choice, we introduce an individual decision model that admits a cardinal notion of peer influence. The model presumes that individual choice is not only determined by idiosyncratic evaluations of alternatives but also by the influence of the observed behavior of others. We establish that the equilibrium defined by the model is unique, stable, and falsifiable. Moreover, the underlying preferences and influence parameters as well as the structure of the underlying network are uniquely identified from, arguably, limited data. The baseline model includes two individuals with conformity motives. Generalizations to multi-individual settings and negative interactions are also introduced and analyzed.
Magnetically driven accretion disc winds: the role of gas thermodynamics and comparison to ultra-fast outflows
Authors: Wang Weixiao , Bu De-Fu , Yuan Feng 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Winds are commonly observed in luminous active galactic nuclei. A plausible model of those winds is magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disc winds. In the case of disc winds from a thin accretion disc, isothermal or adiabatic assumption is usually adopted in such MHD models. In this work, we perform two-dimensional MHD simulations implementing different thermal treatments (isothermal, adiabatic, and radiative) to study their effects on winds from a thin accretion disc. We find that both the isothermal model and the adiabatic model overestimate the temperature, underestimate the power of disc winds, and cannot predict the local structure of the winds, compared to the results obtained by solving the energy equation with radiative cooling and heating. Based on the model with radiative cooling and heating, the ionization parameter, the column density, and the velocity of the disc winds have been compared to the observed ultra-fast outflows (UFOs). We find that in our simulations the UFOs can only be produced inside hundreds of Schwarzschild radius. At much larger radii, no UFOs are found. Thus, the pure MHD winds cannot interpret all the observed UFOs.
Thermal radiative cooling of carbon cluster cations CN+, N = 9, 11, 12, 17–27
Authors: Iida Shimpei , Hu Wei , Zhang Rui , Ferrari Piero , Masuhara Kei , Tanuma Hajime , Shiromaru Haruo , Azuma Toshiyuki , Hansen Klavs 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The radiative cooling rates of C$_N^+$ clusters (N = 9, 11, 12, 17–27) have been measured in the ultrahigh vacuum of an electrostatic storage ring to values on the order of 104 s−1. The rates were measured as a competing channel to unimolecular decay, and the rate constants pertain to the excitation energies where these two channels compete. Such high values can only be explained as photon emission from thermally excited electronic states, a mechanism that has also been seen in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations. The high rates have a very strong stabilizing effect on the clusters and the underlying mechanism gives a high energy conversion efficiency, with the potential to reach high quantum efficiencies in the emission process. The competing decay of unimolecular fragmentation defines upper limits for photon energies that can be down-converted to lower energy photons. Including previously measured cluster sizes provides the limits for all clusters C$_N^+$, N = 8–27, of values that vary from 10 to 14.5 eV, with a general increase with size. Clusters absorbing photons of energies below these limits cool down efficiently by emission of photons via electronic transitions and their fragmentation is strongly reduced, increasing their survival in HI regions.
Variable thermal energy injection from magnetar spin-down as a possible cause of stripped-envelope supernova light-curve bumps
Authors: Moriya Takashi J , Murase Kohta , Kashiyama Kazumi , Blinnikov Sergei I 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Luminosity evolution of some stripped-envelope supernovae such as Type I superluminous supernovae is difficult to explain by the canonical 56Ni nuclear decay heating. A popular alternative heating source is rapid spin-down of strongly magnetized rapidly rotating neutron stars (magnetars). Recent observations have indicated that Type I superluminous supernovae often have bumpy light curves with multiple luminosity peaks. The cause of bumpy light curves is unknown. In this study, we investigate the possibility that the light-curve bumps are caused by variations of the thermal energy injection from magnetar spin-down. We find that a temporal increase in the thermal energy injection can lead to multiple luminosity peaks. The multiple luminosity peaks caused by the variable thermal energy injection is found to be accompanied by significant increase in photospheric temperature, and photospheric radii are not significantly changed. We show that the bumpy light curves of SN 2015bn and SN 2019stc can be reproduced by temporarily increasing magnetar spin-down energy input by a factor of 2–3 for 5–20 d. However, not all the light-curve bumps are accompanied by the clear photospheric temperature increase as predicted by our synthetic models. In particular, the secondary light-curve bump of SN 2019stc is accompanied by a temporal increase in photospheric radii rather than temperature, which is not seen in our synthetic models. We therefore conclude that not all the light-curve bumps observed in luminous supernovae are caused by the variable thermal energy injection from magnetar spin-down and some bumps are likely caused by a different mechanism.
Inert Pepper aptamer-mediated endogenous mRNA recognition and imaging in living cells
Authors: Wang Qi , Xiao Feng , Su Haomiao , Liu Hui , Xu Jinglei , Tang Heng , Qin Shanshan , Fang Zhentian , Lu Ziang , Wu Jian , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of RNA aptamers/fluorophores system is highly desirable for understanding the dynamic molecular biology of RNAs in vivo. Peppers-based imaging systems have been reported and applied for mRNA imaging in living cells. However, the need to insert corresponding RNA aptamer sequences into target RNAs and relatively low fluorescence signal limit its application in endogenous mRNA imaging. Herein, we remolded the original Pepper aptamer and developed a tandem array of inert Pepper (iPepper) fluorescence turn-on system. iPepper allows for efficient and selective imaging of diverse endogenous mRNA species in live cells with minimal agitation of the target mRNAs. We believe iPepper would significantly expand the applications of the aptamer/fluorophore system in endogenous mRNA imaging, and it has the potential to become a powerful tool for real-time studies in living cells and biological processing.
CalFitter 2.0: Leveraging the power of singular value decomposition to analyse protein thermostability
Authors: Kunka Antonin , Lacko David , Stourac Jan , Damborsky Jiri , Prokop Zbynek , Mazurenko Stanislav 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The importance of the quantitative description of protein unfolding and aggregation for the rational design of stability or understanding the molecular basis of protein misfolding diseases is well established. Protein thermostability is typically assessed by calorimetric or spectroscopic techniques that monitor different complementary signals during unfolding. The CalFitter webserver has already proved integral to deriving invaluable energy parameters by global data analysis. Here, we introduce CalFitter 2.0, which newly incorporates singular value decomposition (SVD) of multi-wavelength spectral datasets into the global fitting pipeline. Processed time- or temperature-evolved SVD components can now be fitted together with other experimental data types. Moreover, deconvoluted basis spectra provide spectral fingerprints of relevant macrostates populated during unfolding, which greatly enriches the information gains of the CalFitter output. The SVD analysis is fully automated in a highly interactive module, providing access to the results to users without any prior knowledge of the underlying mathematics. Additionally, a novel data uploading wizard has been implemented to facilitate rapid and easy uploading of multiple datasets. Together, the newly introduced changes significantly improve the user experience, making this software a unique, robust, and interactive platform for the analysis of protein thermal denaturation data. The webserver is freely accessible at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/calfitter.
La prévention de la carence en vitamine D symptomatique et du rachitisme chez les nourrissons et les enfants autochtones du Canada
Authors: Irvine James , Ward Leanne M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Le rachitisme par carence en vitamine D et les autres manifestations d’une carence grave, comme la myocardiopathie et les convulsions hypocalcémiques, sont encore diagnostiqués au Canada. Les nourrissons autochtones allaités, notamment ceux qui habitent dans des communautés du Nord, sont démesurément touchés, même si ceux qui reçoivent des préparations commerciales n’en sont pas exemptés lorsque le taux sérique de vitamine D de la mère est extrêmement bas. Le présent document de principes, qui se veut une révision d’un document déjà publié par la Société canadienne de pédiatrie, porte sur la prévention du rachitisme et de l’hypocalcémie causés par la carence en vitamine D chez les enfants autochtones. Il est recommandé d’évaluer le risque d’une telle carence chez chaque dyade mère-nourrisson, en raison du lien entre sa présence chez la mère et chez le nourrisson. En plus de proposer des mesures de soutien pour favoriser une meilleure adhésion à la prise de vitamines supplémentaires, il est préconisé de prescrire un ajout de suppléments aux femmes pendant la période prénatale et aux nouveau-nés en cas d’exposition à un risque marqué, sans compter que des doses plus élevées intermittentes de suppléments peuvent être nécessaires dans certains cas. L’insécurité alimentaire peut également contribuer au rachitisme, et c’est pourquoi des revendications s’imposent pour éviter la carence en vitamine D chez les enfants autochtones.
Comparison of drug retention of TNF inhibitors, other biologics and JAK inhibitors in RA patients who discontinued JAK inhibitor therapy
Authors: Amstad Andrea , Papagiannoulis Eleftherios , Scherer Almut , Rubbert-Roth Andrea , Finckh Axel , Mueller Ruediger , Dudler Jean , Möller Burkhard , Villiger Peter M , Schulz Martin M P , Kyburz Diego 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
JAK Inhibitors (JAKi) are recommended DMARDs for patients with moderate-to-severe RA who failed first-line therapy with methotrexate. There is a lack of data allowing an evidence-based choice of subsequent DMARD therapy for patients who had discontinued JAKi treatment. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy vs JAKi vs other mode of action (OMA) biologic DMARD (bDMARD) in RA patients who were previously treated with a JAKi.

Methods
RA patients who discontinued JAKi treatment within the Swiss RA registry SCQM were included for this observational prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was drug retention for either TNFi, OMA bDMARD or JAKi. The hazard ratio for treatment discontinuation was calculated adjusting for potential confounders. A descriptive analysis of the reasons for discontinuation was performed.

Results
Four hundred treatment courses of JAKi were included, with a subsequent switch to either JAKi, TNFi or OMA bDMARD. The crude overall drug retention was higher in patients switching to another JAKi as compared with TNFi and comparable to OMA. A significant difference of JAKi vs TNFi persisted after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion
In a real-world population of RA patients who discontinued treatment with a JAKi, switching to another JAKi resulted in a higher drug retention than switching to a TNFi. A switch to a second JAKi seems an effective therapeutic option.
A Quarter Century of Mortgage Risk
Authors: Davis Morris A , Larson William D , Oliner Stephen D , Smith Benjamin R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive history of default risk for newly originated home mortgages in the USA over the past quarter century. The loan-level source data include the entire guarantee book for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. We track many loan characteristics and produce a summary measure of risk. Among our many results, we show that mortgage risk had already risen in the 1990s, planting seeds of the financial crisis well before the actual event. Our results also cast doubt on explanations of the crisis that focus on borrowers with low credit scores. The aggregate series are available for download at https://www.fhfa.gov/papers/wp1902.aspx.
Interaction of replacing corn silage with soyhulls as a roughage source with or without 3% added wheat straw in the diet: impacts on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in steers fed high-concentrate diets
Authors: Neville Bryan W , Pickinpaugh Wayde J , Mittleider Lea J , Moore Rebecca L , Swanson Kendall C , Caton Joel S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Six ruminally cannulated steers [475.0 ± 49.6 kg initial body weight (BW)] were used in a 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design (six treatments and three periods), to evaluate the impacts replacing of corn silage with pelleted soyhulls as roughage in high-concentrate finishing diets containing 30% modified distillers grains with solubles. Treatments were based on increasing dietary inclusion of soyhulls and consisted of: (1) Control (0), roughage supplied by dietary inclusion of 20% corn silage [dry matter (DM) basis]; (2) 50% replacement of corn silage with soyhulls (50); (3) 100% replacement of corn silage with soyhulls (100), and the same three treatments repeated with 3% added wheat straw (DM basis) replacing corn in the diet (0S, 50S, and 100S, respectively). Absolute dry matter intake (DMI; kg/d basis) tended to decrease both linearly and quadratically (P ≤ 0.09) and proportional DMI (% of BW) decreased linearly (P = 0.04) with increasing soyhull inclusion but was not affected by the addition of straw in the diet (P = 0.68). Total tract digestibility of organic matter and crude protein were not affected by soyhull inclusion or added straw (P ≥ 0.32). Ruminal pH did not differ (P = 0.65) with increasing soyhull inclusion but increased with the addition of straw (P &lt; 0.01; 5.9 vs. 6.1 for no straw and straw, respectively). Molar proportions of acetate and butyrate decreased while propionate increased with increased soyhull inclusion (P ≤ 0.03; linearly and quadratically, respectively). Ruminal fluid kinetics were unaffected by either rate of replacement of corn silage with soyhulls or wheat straw inclusion (P ≥ 0.13). Decreases in DMI observed in this study would likely decrease finishing cattle performance and underscores the need for additional research before recommending this practice to cattle feeders.