bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of salivary microbiota in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A prospective study with polysomnography
Authors: Huang Xin , Chen Xuehui , Gong Xu , Xu Ying , Xu Zhifei , Gao Xuemei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of salivary microbiota of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to assess longitudinal alterations in salivary microbiota before and after adenotonsillectomy.MethodsA set of cross-sectional samples consisted of 36 OSA children (17 boys and 19 girls, 7.47 ± 2.24 years old) and 22 controls (9 boys and 13 girls, 7.55 ± 2.48 years old) were included in the study, among which eight OSA children (five boys and three girls, 8.8 ± 2.0 years old) who underwent treatment of adenotonsillectomy were followed up after 1 year. Saliva samples were collected, and microbial profiles were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsIn cross-sectional samples, the OSA group had higher α-diversity as estimated by Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou_e, and observed species as compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). β-Diversity based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarities (p = 0.004) and Jaccard distances (p = 0.001) revealed a significant separation between the OSA group and control group. Nested cross-validated random forest classifier identified the 10 most important genera (Lactobacillus, Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Bacteroidetes_[G-7], Parvimonas, Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Lautropia, and Prevotella) that could differentiate OSA children from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed a significantly higher abundance of genera such as Prevotella (p = 0.027), Actinomyces (p = 0.015), Bifidobacterium (p &lt; 0.001), Escherichia (p &lt; 0.001), and Lactobacillus (p &lt; 0.001) in the OSA group, among which Prevotella was further corroborated in longitudinal samples. Prevotella sp_HMT_396 was found to be significantly enriched in the OSA group (p = 0.02) with significantly higher levels as OSA severity increased (p = 0.014), and it had a lower abundance in the post-treatment group (p = 0.003) with a decline in each OSA child 1 year after adenotonsillectomy.ConclusionsA significantly higher microbial diversity and a significant difference in microbial composition and abundance were identified in salivary microbiota of OSA children compared with controls. Meanwhile, some characteristic genera (Prevotella, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Escherichia, and Bifidobacterium) were found in OSA children, among which the relationship between Prevotella spp. and OSA is worth further studies.
Growth differentiation factor-15 as a biomarker of atherosclerotic coronary plaque: Value in people living with and without HIV
Authors: Royston Léna , Isnard Stéphane , Perrin Nils , Sinyavskaya Liliya , Berini Carolina , Lin John , Trottier Benoit , Baril Jean-Guy , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Tremblay Cecile , Durand Madeleine , Routy Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIncreased rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and larger subclinical high-risk coronary plaques in coronary CT angiography have been observed in people living with HIV (PLWH) treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-uninfected people. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a cytokine emerging as an optimal marker for CVD in the general population.MethodsWe cross-sectionally analyzed plasma of 95 PLWH on ART and 52 controls. We measured GDF-15, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), CRP, and anti-CMV and anti-EBV IgG levels. All participants had no clinical CVD and underwent coronary CT angiography with the 3D reconstruction of coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques. Total plaque volume (TPV) and low attenuation plaque volume (LAPV, defined as density &lt;30 Hounsfield Units) were calculated (mm3).ResultsIn both PLWH and controls, GDF-15 levels were increased in participants with presence of coronary plaque vs. without (p = 0.04 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and correlated with TPV (r = 0.27, p = 0.009 and r = 0.62, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and LAPV (r = 0.28, p = 0.008, r = 0.60, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). However, in a multivariate model, GDF-15 was independently associated with LAPV in controls only (adjusted OR 35.1, p = 0.04) and not in PLWH, mainly due to confounding by smoking. Other markers were not independently associated with plaque volume, except for anti-EBV IgGs in controls (adjusted OR 3.51, p = 0.02).ConclusionIn PLWH, GDF-15 and smoking seemed to synergistically contribute to coronary plaque volume. Conversely, increased GDF-15 levels were associated with the presence of coronary artery plaques in people without HIV, independently of CV risk factors.
The reconstruction of Holocene northwestern Mongolian fire history based on high-resolution multi-site macro-charcoal analyses
Authors: Unkelbach Julia , Behling Hermann 
Published: August 2022

In palaeoecology, multi-site macro-charcoal analyses provide information on climate–fire–vegetation linkages, their spatial and temporal extent, and the impact of prehistoric human practices. Our multi-site study comprises eight macro-charcoal records from two highly continental forest-steppe regions in western and north-central Mongolia, covering the Holocene. In addition to reviewing macro-charcoal influxes and comparing macro-charcoal morphotype results with arboreal/non-arboreal pollen ratios, our dataset provides the first fire frequency synthesis for two regions in Mongolia. During the early and mid-Holocene, the fire history in western and north-central Mongolia was controlled by the regional climate variability, whereas the fire intensities were higher in the Mongolian Altai. In general, fire frequencies are lower in northern Khangai. Increases in the fire frequency correlate with the potential beginning of a rise in the nomadic population of the Mongolian Altai after 1,100 cal yr BP. In both areas, individual macro-charcoal peaks, a marked site-to-site variability, and a generally very low impact on the forest-steppe distribution may mostly be explained by a strictly local nomadic disturbance.
Vertical velocity at hydrostatic and anisotropic stresses
Authors: Muqtadir Arqam , Al-Dughaimi Saud , Alzaki Taqi , Dvorkin Jack 
Published: August 2022

Sonic and dipole wireline tools measure Vp and Vs along the vertical direction. The state of stress in the subsurface is predominantly anisotropic, while most laboratory experiments measuring the dynamic elastic properties are conducted under hydrostatic stress. The question we ask is whether such laboratory experiments provide the velocities that are close to those measured in the vertical wellbore where the stresses are anisotropic. To address this question, we conducted ultrasonic pulse transmission experiments on several room-dry rock samples. The comparison was made between the P- and S-wave velocities obtained at pure hydrostatic loading conditions and those at a smaller hydrostatic stress with added axial stress, so that the total stress along the axis of a cylindrical plug was the same as under pure hydrostatic loading. These differences were significant in the extreme case of only 1 MPa hydrostatic confining stress with the axial stress increasing up to 40 MPa. However, as the hydrostatic (confining) stress increased, the differences between the velocities along the axis of the sample became smaller and smaller. For example, at 1 MPa confining and 30 MPa axial stress, the relative difference in Vp was about 10%, while that in Vs was about 20%. However, at 10 MPa confining stress, these differences became about 3% and 6%, respectively, and further decreased as the confining stress increased. This means that even at strong in-situ contrasts between the vertical and horizontal stresses, the results of laboratory hydrostatic experiments can be used for in-situ velocity estimates. These results also appear to be consistent with a theoretical model that predicts the directional velocities at any triaxial stress conditions from those measured versus hydrostatic stress.
Anisotropy of the T vs. H phase diagram and the HO/LMAFM phase boundary in URu2−xFexSi2
Authors: Pouse N. , Deng Y. , Ran S. , Graf D. , Lai Y. , Singleton J. , Balakirev F. F. , Baumbach R. E. , Maple M. B. 
Published: August 2022

The correlated f-electron compound URu2Si2 exhibits superconductivity (SC) with a critical temperature Tc = 1.5 K that coexists with the “hidden order” (HO) phase that forms below a characteristic temperature T0 = 17.5 K. The SC of URu2Si2 appears to be spin singlet chiral SC with d-wave order parameter symmetry, and the pairing of SCing electrons may involve spin excitations of the HO phase. Electrical resistance R measurements were performed on single crystal specimens of URu2−xFexSi2 with increasing x throughout the transition from the HO phase to the large moment antiferromagnetic LMAFM phase in high magnetic fields H oriented at various angles θ with respect to the tetragonal c-axis. Measurements of R(θ) at H = 20, 33, 40, and 45 T were conducted in the temperature range 0.33 ≤ T ≤ 20 K and showed θ-dependent behavior in the various phase transitions of URu2−xFexSi2 (HO, LMAFM, spin density wave, Fermi surface reconstruction, etc.). These phase transitions, as functions of T, H, and θ are plotted in a phase diagram of T vs. H//c = Hcosθ for multiple values of x and show that H//c, not θ is a tuning parameter of the URu2−xFexSi2 system throughout all Fe concentrations, as previously found by Scheereret al. for the URu2Si2 parent compound.
Prevention of salivary gland dysfunction in patients treated with radioiodine for differentiated thyroid cancer: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Auttara-atthakorn Arunrat , Sungmala Jaruwan , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Reutrakul Sirimon , Sriphrapradang Chutintorn 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionSalivary gland dysfunction (e.g., sialadenitis and xerostomia) is the most common complication of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Several methods have been used to reduce/prevent this adverse effect. We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions in preventing RAI-induced salivary gland dysfunction in patients with DTC.MethodsA systematic review was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered (PROSPERO: CRD42022295229). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of DTC patients who were older than 18 years and underwent RAI after thyroidectomy in which at least one studied group received an intervention to prevent salivary gland dysfunction.ResultsTwelve studies (a total of 667 participants) were included. Among DTC patients who were treated with RAI, nonpharmacological treatment such as parotid gland massage and aromatherapy ameliorated salivary gland dysfunction. Antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenium demonstrated radioprotective effects on the salivary gland, while other antioxidants did not show radioprotective benefits. Vitamin C showed no significant effects on preventing salivary gland dysfunction. Amifostine had inconsistent outcomes among studies. Among cholinergic agonists, pilocarpine did not demonstrate the radioprotective effect on parotid glands, while bethanechol lowered salivary gland dysfunction. However, the negative results from pilocarpine may be explained by the strong sialorrheic effect of the Cincinnati regimen in both study arms.ConclusionAmong non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods, parotid gland massage, aromatherapy, vitamin E, selenium, amifostine, and bethanechol may have benefits in minimizing RAI-induced salivary gland dysfunction in patients with DTC. The results are limited by a small number of patients and should be confirmed in future larger randomized controlled trials.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=295229, PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022295229.
Antagonistic Effect of Dichloromethane on Oreochromis mossambicus and Immune Stimulation Activity of Aloe Vera
Authors: Nirmala G. N. , Sharma Akshata , Ragunathan Venkataraghavan 
Published: August 2022

This study examined the aquatic toxicity of dichloromethane (DCM) on Oreochromis mossambicus. Along with aquatic toxicity studies, in silico research was also conducted to identify ways of improving the fish’s immune system, which may help to fight the oxidative stress and neurotoxic effects of DCM. The activities of glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes were studied in samples from the brains, muscles, livers, and gills of fish treated with different concentrations of DCM (730, 760, and 790 ppm). Histopathological and hematological studies were also completed at various concentrations of DCM. Molecular docking studies of the bioactive compounds of Aloe vera against interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were conducted, and drug properties were also analyzed. The lethal concentration (LC50) of DCM in the fish was found to be 760 ppm. The hematological study revealed that tissues exposed to 760 ppm of DCM had an elevated leukocyte count, high amounts of hemoglobin, and very low platelet counts. The liver histopathological study identified cellular alterations such as necrosis, and the gills showed lamellar fusion and congestion. The compound sitosterol showed strong binding energy (-12.398 kcal/mol) against IL-1β, followed by squalene (−12.157 kcal/mol). Pharmacokinetic properties were also analyzed, with satisfactory results. Thus, the hematological and histopathological studies reveal that DCM has a potential ability to induce oxidative stress and neurotoxic effects. Hence, the phytochemicals of Aloe vera can improve the immune system to fight against the neurotoxicity of DCM, which can be further validated by in vitro and in vivo studies.
Environmental impact of oil palm processing on some properties of the on-site soil in a growing city in Nigeria
Authors: TO Ogunbode , O Aliku , PO Ogungbile , Olatubi IV , VA Adeniyi , EA Akintunde 
Published: August 2022

Both natural and anthropogenic activities exert a great influence on soil conditions, with some being beneficial to soil health. This study was conducted to assess the impact of oil palm processing activities on selected soil properties in Iwo, Nigeria. Soil samples taken from upstream, mid-section, and downstream points along an oil palm mill dumpsite were compared against a control. Soil organic matter, bulk density, and soil moisture were determined using standard procedures, while soil structural stability was estimated using stability index. The soil organic matter was significantly higher at the oil palm mill relative to the control and reduced by 50.8 and 64.4% at the upstream and downstream relative to the mid-section, respectively. The bulk density did not differ significantly among the sampling points but increased at the upstream, mid-section, and downstream by 2.4–13.1% compared with the control. The soil moisture at field capacity was substantially higher at the site relative to the control, with the upstream having the highest value (0.94 m3m−3). The soil structural stability was superior at the mid-section and reduced by 57.0–76.2% at the upstream, downstream, and control points. In general, oil palm mill processing activities improved the on-site soil organic matter and its physical conditions.
Deaths and disability-adjusted life years burden attributed to air pollution in China, 1990–2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Gan Hui , Cheng Long , Zhai Yingying , Wang Yimin , Hu Haisheng , Zhu Zheng , Sun Baoqing 
Published: August 2022

Background: The impact of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by air pollution in China has not been well elucidated. We aimed to analyze the association of air pollution with deaths and DALYs in the Chinese population.Methods: We extracted data on burden due to deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to air pollution in the previous 30 years in China from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 and performed a comprehensive analysis and summary.Results: 1.85 (95% UI: 1.57–2.17) million Chinese people lost their lives as a result of air pollution in 2019, a slight decrease from 1990. In 2019, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by air pollution in China was 42.51 (95% UI: 36.34–49.48) million, a 30.2% decrease from 1990. From 1990 to 2019, both age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALYs due to air pollution in China showed a significant year-on-year downward trend. Air pollution–related deaths and DALYs occurred mostly in people over the age of 50 years. Stroke, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were attributed the maximum death burden due to air pollution in China in 2019.Conclusion: Over the past 30 years, air pollution has brought a heavy disease burden to China, and in the future, joint efforts are required to improve the air quality.
A first attempt to evaluate the toxicity to Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin exposed to rare earth elements
Authors: Siciliano Antonietta , Sabatino Manuela , Paone Antonietta , Padilla Suarez Edith Guadalupe , Toscanesi Maria , Brouziotis Antonios Apostolos , Gambino Edvige , Saviano Lorenzo , Trifuoggi Marco , Guida Marco , Libralato Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

The increasing use and demand of rare earth elements in many emerging technologies is leading to a potentially higher input to the marine environment. This study compared for the first time the effect of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), and erbium (Er) to the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. The algal growth inhibition was investigated after 72 h of exposure. The median effect concentrations (EC50) ranged from 0.98 mg/L to 13.21 mg/L and elements were ranked as follows: Gd &gt; Ce &gt; Er &gt; La &gt; Eu &gt; Nd &gt; Dy &gt; Sm. The comparison of predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for hazard and risk assessment with measured environmental concentrations showed that ecological risks deriving from REEs could be present, but limited to specific environments like estuarine waters. The results support evidence of actions to manage the REE impact in seawater environments, looking to improve the monitoring tailored to the different and dynamic nature of ecosystems.
CENP-A is a potential prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration levels in glioma patients
Authors: Yang Yuan , Duan Mengyun , Zha Yunfei , Wu Zijun 
Published: August 2022

Background: Centromeric protein A (CENP-A), an essential protein involved in chromosomal segregation during cell division, is associated with several cancer types. However, its role in gliomas remains unclear. This study examined the clinical and prognostic significance of CENP-A in gliomas.Methods: Data of patients with glioma were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Logistic regression, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed to assess the relationship between CENP-A expression and clinicopathological parameters. The Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier curve were used to analyze the association between CENP-A and survival outcomes. A prognostic nomogram was constructed based on Cox multivariate analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify key CENP-A-related pathways and biological processes.Results:CENP-A was upregulated in glioma samples. Increased CENP-A levels were significantly associated with the world health organization (WHO) grade [Odds ratio (OR) = 49.88 (23.52–129.06) for grade 4 vs. grades 2 and 3], primary therapy outcome [OR = 2.44 (1.64–3.68) for progressive disease (PD) and stable disease (SD) vs. partial response (PR) and complete response (CR)], isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status [OR = 13.76 (9.25–20.96) for wild-type vs. mutant], 1p/19q co-deletion [OR = 5.91 (3.95–9.06) for no codeletion vs. co-deletion], and age [OR = 4.02 (2.68–6.18) for &gt; 60 vs. ≤ 60]. Elevated CENP-A expression was correlated with shorter overall survival in both univariate [hazard ratio (HR): 5.422; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.044–7.271; p &lt; 0.001] and multivariate analyses (HR: 1.967; 95% CI: 1.280–3.025; p &lt; 0.002). GSEA showed enrichment of numerous cell cycle-and tumor-related pathways in the CENP-A high expression phenotype. The calibration plot and C-index indicated the favorable performance of our nomogram for prognostic prediction in patients with glioma.Conclusion: We propose a role for CENP-A in glioma progression and its potential as a biomarker for glioma diagnosis and prognosis.
Genetic diversity analysis and development of molecular markers for the identification of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides L.) based on whole-genome re-sequencing
Authors: Du Jinxing , Li Shengjie , Shao Jiaqi , Song Hongmei , Jiang Peng , Lei Caixia , Bai Junjie , Han Linqiang 
Published: August 2022

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides L.) is generally considered to comprise two subspecies, Florida bass (M. floridanus) and Northern Largemouth bass (M. salmoides), which have biological characteristic differences because of their geographical distribution. In this study, whole-genome re-sequencing was performed among 10 Florida and 10 Northern largemouth bass, respectively. In total, 999,793 SNPs and 227,797 InDels were finally identified, and 507,401 SNPs (50.75%) and 116,213 InDels (51.01%) were successfully mapped to annotated 18,629 genes and 14,060 genes, respectively. KEGG classification indicated that most of these genes were focused on the pathways including signal transduction, transport and catabolism, and endocrine system. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that Florida largemouth bass had higher genetic diversity than Northern largemouth bass, indicating that the germplasm quality of Northern largemouth bass had markedly reduced in China. To examine the accuracies of the identified markers, 23 SNPs and eight InDels (the insertions or deletions of more than 45 bp) were randomly selected and detected among Florida largemouth bass, Northern largemouth bass, and their F1 hybrids. The detection efficiencies of all the markers were higher than 95%; nineteen SNPs and three InDels could accurately distinguish the two subspecies and their F1 hybrids with 100% efficiencies. Moreover, the three InDel markers could clearly distinguish the two subspecies and their F1 hybrids with a PCR-based agarose gel electrophoresis. In conclusion, our study established a simple PCR-based method for the germplasm identification of largemouth bass, which will be useful in the germplasm protection, management, and hybridization breeding of largemouth bass.