bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent intra‐metropolitan patterns of spatial mismatch: Implications for black suburbanization and the changing geography of mismatch
Authors: Eom Hyunjoo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKain's spatial mismatch hypothesis (SMH) (1968) highlights the segregation of Black population in the inner city as well as the decentralization of jobs, both of which played a role in the poor labor market outcomes for Black residents in the inner city. Demographic and economic changes in U.S. metropolitan areas since the late 20th century have transformed the urban spatial structure. This paper aims to revisit the SMH and investigate whether the spatial pattern of mismatch has changed as a result of geographic shifts in the Black population. This paper specifically examines how the suburbanization of the Black population has affected the geographic patterns of mismatch and whether the mismatch is disappearing in the major U.S. metropolitan areas. Using spatial measures of mismatch, this paper presents intra‐metropolitan spatial mismatch patterns that capture the clustering of jobs and the Black population based on their relative distributions, showing that the overall level of spatial mismatch declined in major U.S. metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2015. However, geographical evidence reveals that the spatial mismatch has shifted to the outer suburbs, replicating city‐suburb spatial inequality, implying that although mismatch may have declined in the inner city due to Black suburbanization, spatial mismatch continue to persist in U.S. metropolitan areas in Black suburbs. The findings also demonstrate that although spatial mismatch generally declined in the inner city, it increased in cities with high inner city polarization, particularly New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Seattle.
Sintering densification behavior of ZnO–SnO2 binary ceramic targets
Authors: Huai Zhiyuan , Chen Jie , Qi Chao , Sun Benshuang , Liu Shuhan , Song Hongming , He Jilin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, high‐performance ZnO–SnO2 binary ceramic targets for magnetron sputtering of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films were prepared by pressureless oxygen atmosphere sintering. The sintering behavior and densification mechanism of the ZnO–SnO2 binary targets were analyzed by systematically studying the oxide powder state, formation process of the solid reaction phase, and evolution of the target microstructure. The data revealed that the ZnO–SnO2 powder treatment improved the sintering activity and the powder dispersion; furthermore, it promoted a mutual reaction between the different components during sintering and the homogeneity of the target composition. The densification of the pure SnO2 ceramic target was difficult to achieve, and the addition of ZnO led to a continuous interaction between the ZnO and SnO2 components. The Zn2SnO4 phase started to form, and a temporary shrinkage of the target occurred above 800°C. After formation of the stable Zn2SnO4 and SnO2 phases, the target shrunk rapidly with increasing temperature, densification occurred during growth, and the two phases started to interact. The sintering temperature provided the driving force for the target densification, with the densification activation energy of the ZnO–SnO2 binary ceramic target estimated to be 580 kJ/mol based on the master sintering curve. A binary ceramic target with a high density (99.78% relative density), a fine grain size, and a homogeneous phase structure was achieved at a temperature of 1600°C. These findings are promising for the further improvement and performance enhancement of SnO2‐based materials.
Learning Generative Design Methods: Higher Education Students Developing Toolkits
Authors: Kärnä‐Behm Jaana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to achieve successful products and services, design research nowadays is searching for new methods that unify collaboration between professional designers and future users. Developing and using these new design methods is also of interest in design education. In this study, design toolkits are developed to practise participatory design with a user‐centric orientation. The purpose of this study is to analyse a case in higher education where students of art and design aimed at becoming craft teachers developed toolkits in design situations appointed beforehand. The literature review of the toolkit shows that a diverse and multidisciplinary field of applications has been developed. The data of the study consist of 24 virtual or physical toolkits made by the students as well as their reflections on their work. The results showed that executing a design process where students in a design situation had to enter into the future user's world creates empathy for designers. Also, various elements connected with the unifying of senses and physical activities were built into the toolkits as well as certain game‐like features. The results of this study can be used as basic data concerning making educational insights in design education in higher education.
Learning challenging L2 sounds via computer‐assisted training: Audiovisual training with an airflow model
Authors: Chen Fei , Xia Quansheng , Feng Yan , Wang Lan , Peng Gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTeaching Mandarin as a second language (L2) has become an important profession and an important research area. The acquisition of unaspirated and aspirated consonants in Mandarin has been reported to be rather challenging for L2 learners.ObjectivesIn the current study, a 3‐D airflow model was integrated into the virtual talking head for audiovisual pronunciation training in these Mandarin consonants.MethodsUsing the eye‐tracking technique, Experiment 1 investigated L2 learners' general acceptance and gauged attention distribution online while learning with the system. To further compare training efficacy, learning outcomes were evaluated by randomly dividing Japanese learners of Mandarin into different training groups using the 3‐D tutor with and without an airflow model, respectively, in Experiment 2.Results and ConclusionsEye‐tracking results showed that the talking head was well accepted, and was successful in directing L2 learners' attention to the visual modality of the airflow model marking the contrast in aspiration. Furthermore, the additional visual cue of the airflow model helped enhance their production of the aspirated Mandarin stops. Moreover, this computer‐assisted training approach was shown to be robust as the advantage of training with an airflow model can be generalized to novel syllables with a change of tones or rimes.
Unpacking the Duality of Control and Trust in Inter‐Organizational Relationships through Action‐Reaction Cycles
Authors: Swärd Anna R.S. , Kvålshaugen Ragnhild , Bygballe Lena E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo ensure cooperation, parties in inter‐organizational relationships (IORs) draw upon both control and trust. Yet, how control–trust dynamics change as IORs evolve remains unclear. This study illuminates the interplay between control–trust dynamics and IOR dynamics by unpacking how control and trust refer to and create one another through action–reaction cycles. We find that conflicting enactments of vulnerability and risk caused by critical incidents lead to tensions between the parties (IOR dynamics) regardinghowandwhenthey rely on control and trust. Consequently, coping practices are applied to redefine the controlling and trusting domain and mediate between the multiple and temporal domains to ensure that control and trust refer to and create one another to (re)form positive expectations. The study's main implication is that it makes little sense to study control‐trust dynamics in IORs, like other relational phenomena, in isolation and at a single point in time.
Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis
Authors: da Silva Rafaela Videira Clima , Rangel Thiago Perez , Corrêa Monica Grazieli , de Freitas Monteiro Mabelle , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Ruiz Karina Gonzales , Sallum Enilson Antônio , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Sallum Antônio Wilson 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in young adult with stage III‐IV Grade C periodontitis after full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) associated with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole (AMX + MTZ), comparing smokers (PerioC‐Y‐Smk) with non‐smokers (PerioC‐Y‐NSmk).Materials and MethodsFifteen PerioC‐Y‐NSmk and 14 PerioC‐Y‐Smk patients underwent FMUD associated with AMX + MTZ for 10 days. All parameters were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL)‐ the primary variable‐, and gingival recession (GR) were clinically assessed. The impact of PI on CAL change at 6‐month was verified by a regression analysis. Samples of the subgingival biofilm was collected for detection of levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp (F. nucleatum), and were analyzed by real‐time qPCR; gingival crevicular fluid was collected for detection of levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ, which were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay.ResultsPerioC‐Y‐Smk had significantly higher PI, BOP, and GR at baseline compared to non‐smokers (p < .05). PerioC‐Y‐Smk presented higher PD, CAL, and GR at 3 and 6 months (p < .05) compared with PerioC‐Y‐NSmk in the same periods; PI negatively affected CAL gain in PerioC‐Y‐NSmk at 6‐month follow‐up (p = .052) and did not impact on clinical response in PerioC‐Y‐Smk (p = .882). Lower levels of IFN‐γ, IL1‐β, and IL‐4 were observed at 3 months in the PerioC‐Y‐NSmk (p < .05) compared with PerioC‐Y‐Smk. Lower proportions of P. gingivalis were observed in PerioC‐Y‐NSmk at baseline and at 3 months (p < .05) and lower proportions of F. nucleatum were observed at 6 months, in the PerioC‐Y‐NSmk (p < .05).ConclusionsPerioC‐Y‐Smk presents an unfavorable clinical, microbiological, and immunological response after 3 and 6 months after FMUD associated with AMX + MTZ.Clinical RelevanceSmoking worsens periodontal condition of young treated adults presenting stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis.
Ecotones in Central European forest–steppe: Edge effect occurs on hard rocks but not on loess
Authors: Chytrý Kryštof , Prokešová Helena , Duchoň Mário , Klinkovská Klára , Novák Pavel , Chytrý Milan , Divíšek Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsWe asked how geological substrate affects the distribution of plant species between forest interiors, forest edges, and steppe patches in the forest–steppe landscapes. Specifically, we sought for the presence of the edge effect at the forest–grassland transitions on different substrates.LocationAustria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and western Ukraine.MethodsWe recorded the occurrence of vascular plant species in forest interiors, at forest edges and in steppe patches on 40 forest–steppe sites located on four substrates (andesite, dolomite, limestone and loess). We compared the distribution of species diversity, beta diversity (using multivariate analysis), the number of shared species between habitats and the estimation of vegetation biomass among forest‐steppe habitats on different substrates.ResultsThe edge effect was observed on hard rocks, while it was absent on loess, where the ecotone species richness was intermediate between that of forest and steppe. Loess sites also had the lowest species turnover between forest and steppe and the lowest number of edge specialists.ConclusionsSubstrate has a strong effect on the formation of forest–steppe mosaics. It shapes the assembly rules and plant community diversity within individual habitat mosaics. Plant communities on each substrate can respond differently to changing climate. The strong assembly rules on hard rocks may be more likely to result in species loss than on loess or similar soft sediments, where a larger number of species find their optimum in more than one forest–steppe habitat.
Measurement of the neutral axis in avian eggshells reveals which species conform to the golden ratio
Authors: Narushin Valeriy G. , Griffin Alexander W. , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAvian eggs represent a striking evolutionary adaptation for which shell thickness is crucial. An understudied eggshell property includes the neutral axis, a line that is drawn through any bent structure and whose precise location is characterized by thek‐factor. Previous studies have established that, for chicken eggs, meankcorresponds to the golden ratio (Φ = 1.618, or 0.618 in its reciprocal form). We hypothesized whether such an arrangement of the neutral axis conforms to the eggshell of any bird or only to eggshells with a certain set of geometric parameters. Implementing a suite of innovative methodological approaches, we investigated variations inkof 435 avian species, exploring which correspond to Φ. We found that meankis highly variable among birds and does not always conform to Φ, being much lower in spherical and ellipsoid eggs and higher in pyriform eggs. While 21 species hadkvalues within 0.618 ± 0.02 (including four falcon species) and the Falconinae subfamily (six species) revealed a mean of 0.618, it is predominantly domesticated species (chicken, ducks, and geese) that lay eggs whose neutral axis corresponds to the golden ratio. Thus, the study of the mathematical secrets of the eggshell related to the golden ratio of its neutral axis suggests its species‐specific signatures in birds.
Refractory pemphigus vulgaris and high‐intensity extracorporeal photopheresis: A case report
Authors: Castillo‐Aleman Yandy Marx , Bencomo‐Hernandez Antonio Alfonso , Ventura‐Carmenate Yendry , Villegas‐Valverde Carlos Agustin , Rivero‐Jimenez Rene Antonio ,   ADSCC ECP Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 41‐year‐old man with oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV) presented to our clinic with a history of no response to numerous immunosuppressant agents and was referred for extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) therapy. Although the patient underwent a high‐intensity ECP regimen for 5 months, which included two different photopheresis systems, his oral dysesthesia continued to interfere with oral intake, leading to continued weight loss and other adverse events. The intervention was associated with changes in several immune cell subpopulations without modifying the anti‐epidermal antibody titers, aligned with his poor clinical outcome. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to examine immunophenotyping of a PV patient who was refractory to previous immunosuppression and recalcitrant to high‐intensity ECP therapy.
Ecological indicators from spatial statistics to describe the Atlantic fangtooth moray distribution in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Perzia Patrizia , Spinelli Andrea , Interdonato Filippo , Castriota Luca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConsidering the rapid diffusion and potential impacts of invasive non‐indigenous species on biodiversity, it is crucial to investigate invasion mechanisms to identify their spread, settlement, and expansion areas. Enchelycore anatina, the Atlantic fangtooth moray of uncertain introduction pathway, recently invaded the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In the present study, specimens of E. anatina were observed in the Strait of Messina (Sicily), during 2017–2018 and records were reported. Through ecological indicators elaborated with Geographic Information System spatial–temporal statistics, E. anatina spatial–temporal distribution in the Mediterranean Sea was examined. Evidence of non‐occasional presence of this species in that area has been confirmed by the spatial statistics that suggested an established population in the central Mediterranean Sea and settlement areas along the Turkish, Levantine, and Sicilian Ionian coast. The resulting spatial structure suggested its human‐mediated introduction. The ecological indicators used in this study proved to be useful for the comprehension of the invasion history of E. anatina and might be applied to disentangle the history of other invasive species.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: September 2022

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 3Albert Henry Ntarmah, Jiangsu University, GhanaBasanta K. Pradhan, University of Delhi Enclave, IndiaGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Ethiopian Civil Service University, EthiopiaHedieh Shadmani, Fairfield University, USAMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMurad Harasheh, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyOmer Allagabo Omer Mustafa, Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences., SudanRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaShahram Fattahi, Razi University, IranY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
A New Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Assembly Line Balancing
Authors: Li S. , Butterfield J. , Murphy A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work is to enable a step towards a self-adapting digital toolset for manufacturing planning focusing on minimally constrained assembly line balancing. The approach includes the simultaneous definition of the optimum number of workstations, the optimum cycle time and the assignment of tasks to workstations. A bespoke genetic algorithm (GENALSAS) is proposed and demonstrated which focuses on examining the simple assembly line balancing problem (SALBP). The proposed genetic algorithm (GA) has been shown to consistently deliver detailed production plans for SALBP problem forms with minimum inputs. Neither the number of workstations nor the system cycle time is assumed/fixed as in previous work in the field. The work simultaneously attains better performing solutions compared with previous studies both in terms of time to converge and the quality of the solution.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of a Gas Stream Containing Dust Particles in a Parallel-Plates Duct
Authors: Pan Anjian , Cai Rong-Rong , Dong Chuan-Shuai , Zhang Li-Zhi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fluid flow and heat transfer of a gas stream in various ducts have been studied thoroughly before. However, in real applications, a gas stream usually contains dust particles, whose effects have typically been neglected. In this study, the effects of the dust particles on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a parallel-plates duct were numerically investigated in detail. A lattice Boltzmann method combined with a modified immersed boundary approach was employed to calculate the velocity and temperature distribution in the duct. The effects of the particles on the development of the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers in the duct were predicted. The product of friction factor and Reynolds number (fRe) and local Nusselt number (NuL) along the flow direction were obtained for a particle-laden flow and compared with those for a pure gas flow. The results indicated that for particle-laden flows, the “fully-developed” flow was just an approximation. Both the flow and thermal boundary layers were disrupted by the accompanying particles. The particles would form a stable and dense particulate fouling layer at the walls; this could increase the local (fRe) and reduce the NuL in “fully developed” regions. Moreover, ducts with superhydrophobic properties would be less influenced by the particles due to decreased particle deposition because of the anti-dust property of the surface.
Added Mass and Damping of an Hexagonal Rod Vibrating in Highly Confined Viscous Fluids
Authors: Sargentini Lucia , Cariteau Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with fluid–structure interaction analysis of an hexagonal rod enclosed in a narrow viscous gap. A new analytical solution for a two-dimensional (2D) cylindrical case is derived and described. A numerical solution of 2D Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a harmonic structure model is applied to both cylindrical and prism geometries. The comparison between the numerical tool and the analytical solution is discussed and a method to apply the analytical solution to the hexagonal case is proposed. An original definition of the added mass and damping based on an energetic approach is provided avoiding the dependence from the geometry and the type of forcing (free or forced vibration). An experimental facility is provided accounting for an hexagonal prism vibrating within a 7 mm enclosure. Free vibration experiments in water allow assessing the added mass and added damping effect on the modal parameters. The fluid flow is affected by a three-dimensional (3D) effect—named down-strokes flow—at the top and the base of the assembly because of free surface and stocky geometry. This produces a higher frequency than the 2D theoretical value given both by the analytical solution and the numerical simulation. A geometry-based correction factor is suggested to taken into account in the 2D numerical simulation the 3D effect. Velocity measured within the gap provides further insight on this phenomenon and agrees well with the prediction of the transposed cylindrical analytical model.
Theoretical Considerations for Scaling Convection in Overall Effectiveness Experiments
Authors: Bryant Carol E. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An increasingly common experimental technique allows measurement of overall effectiveness by matching the Biot number between experimental and engine conditions. While much work has been devoted to determining the appropriate flow conditions necessary to scale adiabatic effectiveness, little attention has been paid to subtleties beyond matching the Biot number that arises when performing overall effectiveness experiments. Notably, the ratio of the internal and external heat transfer coefficients must be matched. The density ratio and the specific heat ratio have been shown to play important roles in scaling adiabatic effectiveness; however, now we demonstrate the requirements for the coolant and freestream flow conditions required to conduct an appropriately scaled overall effectiveness experiment. Since the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluids influence heat transfer coefficient behavior, this gives rise to an additional nondimensional parameter that should be matched to properly perform an overall effectiveness experiment.
In this paper, we demonstrate that this new nondimensional parameter will be matched provided that Pr∞, Prc, and Rec are matched in addition to Re∞ and the advective capacity ratio. We demonstrate the validity of this requirement through computational fluid dynamics simulations, which are well-suited for this since over-constrained requirements can be overcome by altering gas properties. Simulations of an internally cooled wall exposed to a hot freestream were performed with various gases to show the sensitivity of the overall effectiveness to these previously ignored requirements. An additional set of simulations on a film-cooled plate reveals additional complexities when coolant mixes with the freestream gas.