bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Candida Species in ‘Thairu’ a Traditional Fermented Milk of Kerala, India
Authors: Chandran Archana , Linsha C. K. , Beena A. K. 
Published: October 2022

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Candida species in ‘thairu’, a traditional fermented milk prepared in the households of Kerala.
Study Design: ‘Thairu’ samples collected randomly from the households in Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad and Kannur districts of Kerala. This was followed by enumeration and identification of yeast using API 20CAUX Kit. Determination of pH and acidity of samples.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala. September 2021- December 2021.
Methodology: A total of 30 household ‘thairu’ samples were collected from households of Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad and Kannur districts of Kerala in sterile bottles. The samples were serially diluted in normal saline and pour plated on to Yeast Extract Glucose Chloramphenicol Agar for isolation and enumeration. The pH was measured using pH meter by directly inserting the probe into the homogenized sample. Titratable acidity in per cent lactic acid was measured using N/10 NaOH. The isolates were identified based on the sugar fermentation pattern using API 20C AUX kit (Biomerieux, France).
Results: The yeast count in the samples ranged from 5.0 to 6.7 log CFU/g with an average of 5.89±0.38 log CFU/g. Average acidity and pH of the samples were 1.92±0.34 % LA and 3.59±0.60 respectively. A total of 23 yeast isolates were identified based on morphology and carbohydrate fermentation pattern using API 20C AUX kit (Biomerieux, France). Exactly 86.95 per cent of isolates belong to Candida species.
Conclusion: Observations of the study revealed the high prevalence of Candida species in traditional fermented milk ‘thairu’. Predominant Candida species were lactose fermenters, but the presence of a few species with spoilage and pathogenicity potential were also detected. The safety assessment of Candida species is essential before applying them as starter cultures for food fermentations.
Morphological Characterization of Sixty Mango (Mangifera indica) Germplasm of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mostafezur , Rabbani Md. Golam , Ahmed Farid , Rahman Ashikur , Uddin Md. Sorof , Gomasta Joydeb 
Published: October 2022

A study was conducted in the research field of Regional Horticulture Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Chapainawabganj to know the morphology of 60 germplasm of mango leaf, inflorescence, flower and fruits. A great morphometric variation was observed in the leaf. The inflorescences were pyramidal or conical in form except for Khudikhirsha, Narikeli and Himsagor which were cylindrical. The ratio of hermaphrodite and male flowers showed variation. Fruit characters like length, breadth, weight and colour were studied. The highest fruit weight and length were found in Fazli (760 g and 15.17 cm) and the lowest fruit weight was recorded in Modhuchoski (128.50 g). Variation in fruit colour was also recorded among the germplasm. The highest percentage of Total Soluble Solid (TSS) in the germplasm khodikhirsapat (24.33%) and the maximum stone weight (69.87g) was recorded in Fazli. The longest fruit length was observed in the germplasm of Ashwina (13.03 cm). The highest fruit breadth was observed in the germplasm Fazli (9.87 cm). The present investigation has established that the morphological characters can be used as a tool for the taxonomic discrimination of varieties of Mangifera indica.
Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Echocardiographic Parameters and Functional Class in Patients of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shah Syed Dilbahar Ali , Shah Arshad Ali , Khan Muhammad Sami , Ahmed Faisal , Shamim Hana , Ali Syed Arif , Lashari Muhammad Nawaz , Kumar Dileep 
Published: October 2022

Background: This study sought to determine, in retrospect, the effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on the echocardiographic and functional class of ambulatory HFrEF patients taking conventional heart failure therapy.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational single-center cohort of ninety HFrEF patients with NYHA Class II-III attending as an outpatient at a tertiary cardiac care facility between November 2018 and January 2020. Standardized two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and functional class evaluation were conducted at baseline and after 03-month of SV treatment.
Results: At 03-month follow-up evaluation, SV treatment was found to contribute substantially in reversing the cardiac remodeling of HFrEF patients as evidenced by improvement in LVEF (28.51±5.06 to 36.01±10.63; p < 0.001), LVEDD (57.29±7.99 to 53.14±8.22; p <0.001), and LVESD (46.07±9.49 to 43.20±9.22; p <0.001). Additionally, an improvement in sPAP (34.13±9.49 to 32.46±8.14; p <0.001) was observed along with a significant NYHA functional class recovery (2.76 to 1.89, p < 0.001). Upon gender-based stratification, the data suggested no gender-based differences in reverse remodeling effects of SV; though statistically insignificant, LA (38.51±8.23 to 37.3±5.92 mm) and RV (27.10±5.74 to 26.42±2.81 mm) diameters were observed to reduce only in men.
Conclusion: Our study maintained that earlier commencement of SV in parallel with conventional heart failure therapy results in a significant amount of improvement in LVEF, LVEDD, LVESD, and sPAP in HFrEF patients irrespective of their gender. Simultaneously, SV alleviates the heart failure-related morbidity through rapid functional status (NYHA Class) recovery.
Large‐scale mammal monitoring: The potential of a citizen science camera‐trapping project in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hsing Pen‐Yuan , Hill Russell A. , Smith Graham C. , Bradley Steven , Green Sian E. , Kent Vivien T. , Mason Samantha S. , Rees Jonathan , Whittingham Mark J. , Cokill Jim ,   MammalWeb Citizen Scientists, Stephens Philip A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In light of global biodiversity loss, there is an increasing need for large‐scale wildlife monitoring. This is difficult for mammals, since they can be elusive and nocturnal. In the United Kingdom, there is a lack of systematic, widespread mammal monitoring, and a recognized deficiency of data. Innovative new approaches are required.
We developed MammalWeb, a portal to enable UK‐wide camera trapping by a network of citizen scientists and partner organizations. MammalWeb citizen scientists contribute to both the collection and classification of camera trap data. Following trials in 2013–2017, MammalWeb has grown organically to increase its geographic reach (e.g. ∼2000 sites in Britain). It has so far provided the equivalent of over 340 camera trap‐years of wild mammal monitoring, and produced nearly 440,000 classified image sequences and videos, of which, over 180,000 are mammal detections.
We describe MammalWeb, its background, its development and the novel approaches we have for participation. We consider the data collected by MammalWeb participants, especially in light of their relevance to the main goals of wildlife monitoring: to provide spatial data, abundance data and temporal behavioural data.
MammalWeb can complement existing approaches to mammal monitoring. Explicit accounting for spatial and temporal patterns in animal activity enables accounting of bias relative to ad hoc observational data. Estimating abundance presents challenges, as for many camera‐trapping studies, but we discuss the potential of the data as they stand, and opportunities to advance their value for abundance estimation.
Challenges remain to MammalWeb's central missions of enhancing engagement with and connection to nature, and delivering policy‐relevant data on Britain's wild mammals. We discuss these challenges and the opportunities they provide for advances in respect of engagement, science and financial security.
Our approach reduces administrative burden and increases spatial coverage and, as such, MammalWeb provides a useful addition to existing case studies of citizen science camera‐trapping program design. We believe MammalWeb is an important step towards fulfilling calls for UK‐wide mammal monitoring and our description of challenges identifies an agenda for fulfilling that purpose.
2D Van der Waals Heterostructures for Chemical Sensing
Authors: Hou Hui‐Lei , Anichini Cosimo , Samorì Paolo , Criado Alejandro , Prato Maurizio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the last 15 years, 2D materials have revolutionized the field of materials science. Moreover, because of their highest surface‐to‐volume ratio and properties extremely susceptible to their interaction with the local environment they became powerful active components for the development the high‐performance chemical sensors. By combining different 2D materials to form van der Waals heterostructures (VDWHs) it is possible to overcome the drawback of individual materials (such as inertness and zero‐bandgap of pristine graphene and less environmental stability of transition metal dichalcogenides). Meanwhile, VDWHs possess unprecedented and fascinating properties arising from the intimate interaction between the components, which can yield superior sensitivities, higher selectivity, and stability when employed to detect gases, biomolecules, and other organic/inorganic molecules. Herein, the latest developments and advances in the field of chemical sensors based on VDWH of 2D materials, with specific insight into the sensing mechanisms, are reviewed and future directions, challenges, and opportunities for the development of the next generation of (bio)chemical sensors with potential impact in environmental sciences and biomedical applications, and more specifically in (bio)chemical defense, industrial safety, food, and environmental surveillance, and medical (early) diagnostics, are discussed.
Molten Salt Driven Conversion Reaction Enabling Lithiophilic and Air‐Stable Garnet Surface for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Bi Zhijie , Sun Qifu , Jia Mengyang , Zuo Mingxue , Zhao Ning , Guo Xiangxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGarnet‐type electrolytes show great potential in application of solid‐state lithium batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical window. However, the formation of surface Li2CO3 derived from air exposure triggers uneven contact with Li‐metal, leading to undesirable dendrite growth and performance deterioration. Herein, the Li3PO4 layer replacing Li2CO3 contaminant is built on garnet surface by taking molten NH4H2PO4 salt driven conversion reaction. The high‐flowability molten salt contributes to conformal formation of Li3PO4, realizing the air‐stable garnet by preventing the re‐attack of H2O/CO2 in air. Besides, the high work of adhesion for Li3PO4 on Li‐metal along with the transformation from Li3PO4 to Li3P/Li2O when contacting with molten Li‐metal enables a lithiophilic interlayer, leading to a seamless Li/garnet contact with ultralow interfacial resistance of 13 Ω cm2. Such ion‐conducting but electron‐insulating layer regulates the uniform distribution of Li‐flux, enabling a large critical current density of 1.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the solid LiCoO2/Li cell with the modified garnet delivers a discharge capacity of 130 mAh g−1 at 30 °C, accompanied by a capacity retention of 81% after 150 cycles. This study proposes a promising solution for improvement of air stability and interfacial compatibility of garnet using facile molten salt treatment.
The Height of Chitinous Ridges Alone Produces the Entire Structural Color Palette
Authors: Raut Hemant Kumar , Ruan Qifeng , Finet Cédric , Saranathan Vinodkumar , Yang Joel K.W. , Fernandez Javier G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe colorful wings of butterflies result from the interaction between light and the intricate chitinous nanostructures on butterflies’ scales. This study demonstrates that just by reproducing the chitinous ridges present in butterfly scales (i.e., without any other secondary structure), the entire color palette is achieved. This result is achieved using a new methodology based on the controlled reproduction of parts of the biological structure of complex chitinous systems using their native chemistry, enabling the isolation of different features’ contributions. Here the contribution of the ridges and their variations as producing and modulating color hue is isolated. The results suggest that complicated butterfly scales may be non‐ideal solutions for producing color when multifunctionality is not considered.
Graphene Coated Liquid Metal Droplet‐Enabled Dual‐Axis Integrated Accelerometer
Authors: Babatain Wedyan , El‐atab Nazek , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the design, optimization, fabrication, and characterization of a novel accelerometer consisting of a graphene‐coated liquid metal proof mass integrated with laser‐induced graphene (LIG) resistive sensing elements. The sensor utilizes the unique electromechanical properties of eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) liquid metal by confining an EGaIn droplet within a graphene‐patterned 3D pyramid cavity. The pyramid base structure imposes a restoring force on the droplet enabling continuous and simultaneous sensing in two directions using a single proof mass. Coating EGaIn droplet with graphene forms an interpenetrated protective shell around the droplet, enhancing its mobility and mechanical robustness. Design optimization of the sensing microelectrodes is performed to improve the sensor performance. The accelerometer performance is evaluated and characterized, demonstrating a sensitivity of ≈9.5 kΩ g−1 (978 Ω m−1 s2) and a cross‐axis sensitivity of ≈3 % with excellent repeatability (over 120 000 cycles). The sensor is fabricated using a scalable laser writing technique and integrated with a programmable system on a chip (PSoC) to function as a stand‐alone system for real‐time wireless motion monitoring and virtual game control. The developed Graphene/Liquid metal droplet‐based sensor is promising for applications of inertial sensors, inertial switches, and soft liquid metal robots with attractive electromechanical properties.
A Wave‐Driven Piezoelectrical Film for Interfacial Steam Generation: Beyond the Limitation of Hydrogel
Authors: Meng Sen , Tang Chun‐Yan , Yang Jie , Yang Ming‐Bo , Yang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolar interfacial vapor generation based on low evaporation energy requirements is an effective technology to speed up water purification under natural sunlight, offering great potential to alleviate the current global water crisis. The external electric field and hydrogel are two independent methods enabling low‐energy water evaporation. However, the complicated external equipment for generating an electric field and the restricted activation area of hydrogels significantly limit their practical application in steam generation. Thus, a piezoelectric fiber membrane is embedded into a highly hydratable light‐absorbing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel for synergistic water activation. The integrated evaporator is capable of continuously converting the wave energy reserved in the ocean into electrical energy, activating the water in the hydrogel. It is found that the activation effect leads to an improvement of over 23% compared to a non‐piezoelectric hydrogel evaporator. This work provides an evaporation prototype based on the synergistic water activation of wave‐triggered electricity and highly hydratable hydrogel.
AIE‐based drug/gene delivery system: Evolution from fluorescence monitoring alone to augmented therapeutics
Authors: Sun Jie , He Xuewen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with unique photophysical properties propel the rapid development of novel delivery systems for drugs and genes. In this review, we first presented numeral classic types of delivery systems based on light‐up AIEgens for real‐time monitoring of the delivery processes and evaluation of therapeutic outcomes of delivered drugs or genes. Next, general strategies were discussed for the delicately structural design of AIEgens that can self‐assemble into bright therapeutic carriers through covalent or noncovalent interactions. Furthermore, given the unprecedented enhancements in therapeutic effects through the use of multimodes of therapy, AIEgens that were endowed with multi‐properties and functionalities were investigated in the constructions of delivery systems for multimodality therapy. Especially, the combinational uses of AIE photosensitizers with chemo drug and small interference RNA (siRNA) were given as examples of augmenting the therapeutic performance in drug‐resistant treatment and moderate immunotherapy by showing synergistic effects.
Do femoral biomechanical properties follow locomotor changes in primates? An ontogenetic study of olive baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Cosnefroy Quentin , Marchal François , Bellaiche Laurence , Carlier Robert , Cazeau Cyrille , Lamberton Franck , Perrier Antoine , Theil Jean‐Christophe , Berillon Gilles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe locomotor repertoire of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) changes during ontogeny from a diversified pattern in infancy to a stereotyped pattern in adults. On the assumption that the femoral diaphysis adapts to variations in the loading regime, we aimed to evaluate the impact of locomotor changes on femoral biomechanical properties during the ontogeny of olive baboons.Materials and MethodsWe used the cross‐sectional geometry of 50 three‐dimensional‐reconstructed olive baboon femora of an ontogenetic sample including individuals from birth to 28 years of age and belonging to a single social group. Cross section parameters were extracted, and cortical thickness maps were produced from 20% to 80% of the femoral length.ResultsNewborns present a distribution of cortical thickness that is longitudinally symmetric and anteroposterior shaped cross sections at midshaft. From this condition, infants, juveniles and adults femoral diaphyses are all characterized by a proximal shift in cortical thickness and a mediolateralization of bending rigidity and strength at midshaft.DiscussionAs soon as locomotor autonomy is established and despite a combination of several significant locomotor modes, the biomechanical pattern remains stable during ontogeny. Our results do not reflect the changes in locomotor repertoires that occur during ontogeny of Papio anubis. We therefore advise caution when inferring complex locomotor behavior from femoral biomechanical properties.
Epidural bupivacaine administration after infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine for transversalis fascia plane block: A case report
Authors: Harbell Monica W. , Binder William J. , Erickson Colby , Goulding Krista , Kraus Molly B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtended‐release liposomal bupivacaine is frequently used in surgical infiltration for postoperative pain control. The manufacturer recommends against subsequent local anesthetics within 96 hours. We administered epidural bupivacaine one day after local liposomal bupivacaine infiltration for staged hemipelvectomy without symptoms of LAST. Further pharmacokinetic and clinical safety studies are needed.
Multiple keratoacanthomas of Ferguson‐Smith type
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Khammouma Ferdaous , Mrad Malek , Bacha Takwa , Belhadj Kacem Linda , Zeglaoui Faten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a case of a 41‐year‐old male patient with no family history, presented with extensive multiple keratoacanthomas with disfiguring scars. The diagnosis of a sporadic form of Ferguson‐Smith syndrome was made. Treatment with acitretin showed a marked response. Recognizing this syndrome is crucial. Early treatment helps avoid scar formation.
Quantitative Analysis of Degree of Nitridation of Ta2O5 to TaON Particles and their Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Properties
Authors: Kodera Masanori , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxynitride or nitride photocatalysts are typically synthesized by heating oxide precursor particles at high temperatures under NH3 flow. Although there are numerous reports on optimizing the nitridation conditions for different materials, the detailed nitridation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the nitridation of Ta2O5 to TaON was investigated. The degree of nitridation was quantitatively analyzed using the change in the weight of a powder after nitridation. Three regions were identified in the nitridation process for different nitridation times and NH3 flow rates. Moreover, the initial stage of the nitridation process (linear region) was formulated for the first time. Structural analysis, absorption properties, and oxygen evolution activity were combined with the degree of nitridation to reveal the relationship between the nitridation process and photocatalytic activity. The results of this work are useful for understanding and improving the photocatalytic properties of oxynitrides.
Malignant effusions secondary to metastatic thyroid carcinomas: A review of 15 cases
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed Amin , Malenie Renuka , Mir Fatima , Hamadeh Fatima , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalignant effusions secondary to thyroid carcinomas are rare, and publications on this topic are limited. This study presents a large cohort of thyroid carcinomas involving effusion cytology.MethodsA 20‐year computerized search for fluid cytology diagnosed with thyroid malignancy was performed. The following data were collected: patients’ demographics, clinical findings, and histologic diagnoses. The cytology slides and ancillary tests were reviewed.ResultsAmong 47,593 specimens, 15 thyroid carcinomas involving the pleural fluid from 11 patients were found. There were six males and five females with a mean age of 72 years. Ten patients with available follow‐up died of their disease. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the only histologic type. Ten cytology cases were available for review. The cytologic findings common to all cases were nonspecific (clusters/three‐dimensional architecture, enlarged irregular nuclei, and scant to abundant to vacuolated cytoplasm). The classic PTC features were not present in all cases (fine/powdery chromatin [80%], micronucleoli [70%], nuclear grooves [50%], papillary‐like architecture [40%], psammoma bodies [40%], and pseudo‐nuclear inclusions [20%; present on the cell block only]). In 11 of the 15 cases, the diagnosis was rendered with immunohistochemical stains performed on the cell block (paired box 8, thyroid transcription factor 1, and thyroglobulin). In four of the 15 cases, the cytologic diagnosis was made after a comparison with prior surgical pathology or fluid cytology.ConclusionsPTC is the most common histologic type of thyroid malignancy involving pleural effusion. Because the cytologic findings are nonspecific and classic PTC features are not always present, the clinical history in conjunction with immunohistochemical stains is helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis.