bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Bismuth-Based Ternary Oxide Thin Film for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Ng Yun Hau 
Published: January 2022

Bismuth based ternary oxide such as BiVO4, Bi2WO6 and Bi2MoO6 have been reported to oxidise water into oxygen under visible light. These materials have sufficient absorption within the solar spectrum (UV and visible region) and stability against photocorrosion. The hybridized valence band of these ternary oxides made them active towards water oxidation. In this presentation, we investigate the performance of these bismuth based ternary oxides in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. A few aspects will be discussed to highlight the differences when they were employed in photocatalytic water splitting or through photoelectrochemical means. It is generally acknowledged that surface area and crystallinity of photocatalysts are critical factors regulating performances in powder type suspension reactions. When they were made into thin film, quality of the contact between bismuth based ternary oxides and the charge collecting substrate becomes another crucial factor.
BiVO4, Bi2WO6 and Bi2MoO6 thin films are synthesised in this work. BiVO4 with controlled exposed facet is engineered to study the dynamic of charge interactions between their respective facets. It is revealed that a balance of charge transfer and charge trapping are occurring to govern the overall performance of BiVO4. From that point of view, specific interface is engineered to boost the higher charge transfer efficiency, for example, by using graphene as electron mediator. Bi2WO6 and Bi2MoO6 thin films are synthesised by a direct conversion of anodised WO3 and MoO3 films. The adhesion of the resultant Bi2WO6 and Bi2MoO6 on the substrate is highly stable. With the control of synthesis parameter, a concentration gradient can be introduced to form the composite of Bi2WO6/WO3 and Bi2MoO6/MoO3 with desired composition. With the favourable band alignment in this composite material, an improved photoelectrochemical performance is observed.
Study on Influencing Factors of Frailty in Elderly Patients with Type II Diabetes
Authors: Song Yingying , Lin Ziwei , Ding Miaomiao , Yuan Peipei , Li Qianqian , Zhai Hongli , Hu Feilong , Zhang Lingli , Wang Junmao 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with type II diabetes. 332 elderly patients with type II diabetes admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the study subjects. The degree of frailty was evaluated by the Fried fragility phenotype scale, and the general information and the clinical data of patients were collected by inquiry and questionnaire survey. After that, all the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, medication types, dietary habits, exercise tolerance, exercise capacity, body balance, coordination ability, urinary incontinence, anxiety, etc., in elderly patients with type II diabetes who suffered from different degrees of frailty (

P

< 0.01). In addition, there were significant differences in the presence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary diseases, osteoarticular diseases, anemia, and other blood diseases of elderly patients with type II diabetes who suffered from different degrees of frailty (

P

< 0.01). Multiple Logistic regression analyses indicated that weakened exercise tolerance, reduced exercise capacity, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and other blood diseases were the influencing factors of the frailty in elderly patients with type II diabetes. The degree of frailty in elderly patients with diabetes is affected by many factors, such as exercise tolerance, exercise capacity, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and other blood diseases; thus, reasonable intervention should be implemented for elderly patients with type II diabetes according to the influencing factors so as to effectively relieve frailty.
Diagnostic Value of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Wang Hongmei , Hua Qing , Wu Jian , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2022

Objective. This study was aimed at investigating the diagnostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Methods. A total of 296 patients undergoing haemodialysis with vascular access were selected and divided into the infected (58 patients) and uninfected (238 patients) groups. Their aetiological and general characteristics were retrospectively collected. The NLR, PLR, CAR, and SIRI were calculated. Results. The NLR, PLR, CAR, and SIRI values in the infected group were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group (

P
<
0.05

). After the anti-infective treatment, the NLR, PLR, CAR, and SIRI values in patients with CRBSI were significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

). The NLR, CAR, and SIRI showed diagnostic efficacy in patients with CRBSI with cut-off values of 4.485 (

area

under

the

curve

AUC

=
0.827

,

95
%
confidence

interval

CI

=
0.768
–
0.887

), 0.975 (

AUC
=
0.836

,

95
%
CI
=
0.779
–
0.892

), and 3.390 (

AUC
=
0.947

,

95
%
CI
=
0.919
–
0.976

). The CAR and SIRI values in patients with gram-negative bacterial infection were significantly higher than those with gram-positive bacterial infection (

P
<
0.05

). The AUCs of CAR and SIRI were 0.693 (0.537–0.848) and 0.821 (0.700–0.942) in differentiating gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections, respectively. Conclusion. Our results showed SIRI as a novel and efficient indicator for the early diagnosis of CRBSI in patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Stressors, Stress Reaction, Social Support and Satisfaction of Resident-in-training in Far Eastern University – Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation Medical Center
Authors: Reyes Juan Enrique J. , Maria Michael Ian N. Sta. , Joves Jr Policarpio B. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Residency training can render a wide variety of stressors that can affect the residents-in- training’s level of well-being and performance. Long hours of duty in the hospital together with physical and mental fatigue had become acceptable as these were believed to impart toughness to prepare physicians for a career in Medicine. This study was done to identify the stressors experienced by Far Eastern University – Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation (FEU-NRMF) Medical Center residents-in- training using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Likewise, the relationship between the stressors and the demographic profile of the resident was explored.
Methods: This is a single-center descriptive cross-sectional study of all resident physicians of the FEU- NRMF Medical Center. The demographic data which includes age, sex, civil status, specialty training, and years in training were sought using a self-administered questionnaire. The stressors, stress reaction, social support, and job satisfaction of residents were identified using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BSQ) which is a validated self-administered questionnaire used in Japan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, presented in tables. The relationships between the stressors and demographic data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test.
Results: The mean age of the residents-in-training who responded was 29-years old and the majority were females (71%) and single (85%). Mostly came from Internal Medicine training (23%) and were within the first three years of training (83%). The BSQ showed that the psychological stressors of resident-in-training were lack of meaningfulness of work (94%), skill under-utilization (90%), and unsuitable job (85%). In terms of stress reaction, mostly felt fatigued (65%), and anxious (32%). Residents-in-training social support came from their supervisors (86%) and co-workers (60%). Most of them were satisfied with their job (81%) and family life (78%). Among the different stressors, physical demand was the only variable significantly associated with sex (p-value, 0.015) and specialty (p-value, 0.004).
Conclusion: The research was able to identify the different job stressors, stress reaction, social support, and satisfaction with job and family life of the residents-in-training in FEU-NRMF Medical Center. This will be a starting point in planning and creating programs that will help residents cope with the stress of residency training.
‘Manually Steered’ Bicameralism of France’s Fifth Republic as Compared to Polish Institutional Designs
Authors: Jakubiak Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with the impact of the Senate of France’s Fifth Republic on the functioning of the premier-presidential version of semi-presidentialism. This phenomenon is comparatively explored with reference to Polish bicameralism. The author argues that the two basic variants of French semi-presidentialism – politically congruent executive branch and cohabitation – may be influenced by the bicameral structure. The lack of internal political cohesion within the bicameral legislative causes the government to activate mechanisms of rationalized parliamentarianism. ‘Manual control’ over relations between the chambers may occur under both versions of semi-presidentialism. Hence, semi-presidentialism in France is even more susceptible to the impact of different political configurations. Thus, both variants may be further diversified. The author maintains that as a result of Polish bicameralism’s fairly high resistance to the influence of the political environment, such a kind of diversification in the government’s role is not an inherent feature of premier-presidentialism.
Attitudes Toward and Acceptability of Medical Marijuana Use Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Levin Marc , Zhang Han , Gupta Michael K. 
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to understand the attitudes toward marijuana in HNC patients. Methods: A 17-question questionnaire regarding medical marijuana (MM) was distributed to HNC patients at a tertiary cancer center. Results: 63 HNC patients completed the questionnaire. Patients that had used or were using marijuana described benefit with symptoms of headache, pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. 83% of all patients considered marijuana as treatment for cancer related pain and 67% as treatment for cancer related anxiety. About 70% of patients actively undergoing cancer treatment believed marijuana medications would help with symptoms during treatment. Conclusions: By understanding how HNC patients perceive MM, HNC teams may be able to prescribe and educate their patients on MM.
Kindergarten-Based Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training Enhances Attention and Executive Functioning: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jarraya Sana , Jarraya Mohamed , Engel Florian A. 
Published: January 2022

In the present study, we assessed the impact of kindergarten-based progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on attention and executive functioning of 5–6-year-old children. In this randomized-controlled trial, 52 children (26 female; 26 male; M age = 5.4, SD = 0.2 years) from two private Tunisian kindergartens were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Over 12 weeks, 18 children performed PMR in two 30-minute sessions/week, another 17 children performed generic physical education (PE) for two 30-minute sessions/week, and 17 children in a control group (CG) had no systematically guided physical activity and engaged in usual self-chosen activities like free play or artisanal activities during kindergarten hours. Prior to (T0) and after (T1) the 12-week PMR intervention, all participants completed the Visuomotor Precision and Statue subtests of the Neuropsychological Evaluation Battery (NEPSY-2), the Teddy Bear Cancellation Test, and the Rey Simple Figure Test. Although there were no significant group differences at T0, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed higher scores for the PMR group relative to both the PE and CG groups on measures of attention, visuomotor precision, memory, and motor inhibition. PMR provided an effective relaxation technique and enhanced attention and executive functioning of these 5–6-year-old children, with important implications for assisting learning and academic achievement among young children.
Modulation of microglial activation by antidepressants
Authors: Mariani Nicole , Everson James , Pariante Carmine M , Borsini Alessandra 
Published: January 2022

Background: Recent studies have suggested that microglial activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. In fact, neuroinflammation is associated with a phenotypic change of microglia, consisting of morphological differences, increased release of cytokines and oxidative stress products, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. Antidepressants, including selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been shown to act on the immune and oxidative stress mechanisms commonly found to be disrupted in depression. Thus, the inhibition of microglial activation may be one of the mechanisms through which they exert an antidepressant action. Aim: This is the first review summarising in vitro and ex vivo studies investigating the effects of different classes of antidepressants on microglia activation, by examining cellular changes and/or via measuring the production of immune and/or oxidative stress signalling molecules, in microglia models of neuroinflammation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines. A total of 23 studies were identified, 18 using LPS stimulation and 5 using cytokines stimulation. Results: Overall, the studies show that antidepressants, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants prevented microglial activation, including reduced microglial reactivity and decreased immune and oxidative stress products, in both models. However, specific antidepressants, such as bupropion and agomelatine did not prevent interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced microglial activation; and for other antidepressants, including phenelzine, venlafaxine and sertraline, the results of different studies were inconsistent. Conclusions: Overall, results summarised in this review support the hypothesis that the action of at least certain classes of antidepressants may involve regulation of microglial activation, especially when in presence of increased levels of inflammation.
Effect of sleeve orifices ratio on flow performance and hydrodynamic noise in the two-stage sleeve control valve
Authors: Yu Long-jie , Chen Wei-ping , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qiu Chang , Qian Jin-yuan 
Published: January 2022

The two-stage sleeve control valve has been widely implemented in the high-pressure difference hydraulic system, whose function is to reduce hydrodynamic noise. The sleeve with orifices plays a significant role in reducing the hydrodynamic noise. The ratio of orifices diameter between the outer sleeve and inner sleeve, R i, is investigated in this paper. The coupling effect of R i on the flow field and hydrodynamic noise is analyzed deeply by URANS and FW-H model. Furthermore, the pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and sound pressure level of the flow field are monitored. The results indicate that higher R i will restrict the flow velocity in the orifices, and the distributed pressure drop of two sleeves will be even. The velocity of flow in the outer sleeve reduces from 130 m/s to 90 m/s with the increase of R i. In addition, larger R i can reduce the hydrodynamic noise and obtain higher flow capacity. When the R i is 1.2, the sound power level distributes evenly in the gap, and the radiation intensity of the sound source is the smallest. The study can provide a reference for the design of sleeves in high-pressure control valves.
How do Healthcare Workers ‘Do’ Guidelines? Exploring How Policy Decisions Impacted UK Healthcare Workers During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pilbeam Caitlin , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Martindale Anne-Marie , Atkinson Paul , Mableson Hayley , Lant Suzannah , Solomon Tom , Sheard Sally , Gobat Nina 
Published: January 2022

We describe how COVID-19-related policy decisions and guidelines impacted healthcare workers (HCWs) during the UK’s first COVID-19 pandemic phase. Guidelines in healthcare aim to streamline processes, improve quality and manage risk. However, we argue that during this time the guidelines we studied often fell short of these goals in practice. We analysed 74 remote interviews with 14 UK HCWs over 6 months (February–August 2020). Reframing guidelines through Mol’s lens of ‘enactment’, we reveal embodied, relational and material impacts that some guidelines had for HCWs. Beyond guideline ‘adherence’, we show that enacting guidelines is an ongoing, complex process of negotiating and balancing multilevel tensions. Overall, guidelines: (1) were inconsistently communicated; (2) did not sufficiently accommodate contextual considerations; and (3) were at times in tension with HCWs’ values. Healthcare policymakers should produce more agile, acceptable guidelines that frontline HCWs can enact in ways which make sense and are effective in their contexts.
Antiplatelet Use in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kamarova Marharyta , Baig Sheharyar , Patel Hamish , Monks Kimberley , Wasay Mohammed , Ali Ali , Redgrave Jessica , Majid Arshad , Bell Simon M. 
Published: January 2022

Objective: A literature review of antiplatelet agents for primary and secondary stroke prevention, including mechanism of action, cost, and reasons for lack of benefit. Data sources: Articles were gathered from MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, and PubMed databases (1980-2021). Abstracts from scientific meetings were considered. Search terms included ischemic stroke, aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticagrelor, cilostazol, prasugrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Study selection and data extraction: English-language original and review articles were evaluated. Guidelines from multiple countries were reviewed. Articles were evaluated independently by 2 authors. Data synthesis: An abundance of evidence supports aspirin and clopidogrel use for secondary stroke prevention. In the acute phase (first 21 days postinitial stroke), these medications have higher efficacy for preventing further stroke when combined, but long-term combination therapy is associated with higher hemorrhage rates. Antiplatelet treatment failure is influenced by poor adherence and genetic polymorphisms. Antiplatelet agents such as cilostazol may provide extra benefit over clopidogrel and aspirin, in certain racial groups, but further research in more diverse ethnic populations is needed. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: This review presents the data available on the use of different antiplatelet agents poststroke. Dual therapy, recurrence after initiation of secondary preventative therapy, and areas for future research are discussed. Conclusions: Although good evidence exists for the use of certain antiplatelet agents postischemic stroke, there are considerable opportunities for future research to investigate personalized therapies. These include screening patients for platelet polymorphisms that confer antiplatelet resistance and for randomized trials including more racially diverse populations.
Screening of Important Markers in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Predict Female Osteoporosis Risk Using LASSO Regression Algorithm and SVM Method
Authors: Tang Hongwei , Han Qingtian , Yin Yong 
Published: January 2022

Background: Osteoporosis is a bone disease that increases the patient’s risk of fracture. We aimed to identify robust marker genes related to osteoporosis based on different bioinformatic methods and multiple datasets. Methods: Three datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were utilized for analysis separately. Significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from comparing high hip and low hip low bone mineral density (BMD) groups in the first dataset were identified for Gene Ontology (GO), Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) to investigate the discrepantly enriched biological processes between high hip and low hip group. Last absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), SVM model and protein-protein interaction (PPI) regulatory network were performed and generated robust marker genes for downstream TF-target and miRNA-target prediction. Results: Several DEGs between high hip BMD group and low hip BMD group were obtained. And the metabolism-related pathways such as metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism shown enrichment in these DEGs. Integration with LASSO regression analysis, 8 differential expression genes ( SH3BP1, NARF, ANKRD34B, RNF40, ZNF473, AKT1, SHMT1, and VASH1) in GSE62402 were identified as the optimal differential genes combination. Moreover, the SVM validation analysis in GSE56814 and GSE56815 datasets showed that the characteristic gene combinations presented high diagnostic effects, and the model AUC areas for GSE56814 was 0.899 and for GSE56815 was 0.921. Furthermore, the subcellular localization analysis of the 8 genes revealed that 4 proteins were located in the cytoplasm, 3 proteins were located in the nucleus, and 1 protein was located in the mitochondria. Additionally, the related TFs and miRNAs by performing TF-target and miRNA-target prediction for 5 genes ( AKT1, SHMT1, ZNF473, RNF40 and VASH1) were investigated from PPI network. Conclusion: The optimal differential genes combination ( SH3BP1, NARF, ANKRD34B, RNF40, ZNF473, AKT1, SHMT1, and VASH1) presented high diagnostic effect for osteoporosis risk.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in 60 Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Aznab Mozaffar , Eskandari Roozbahani Narges , Moazen Homa 
Published: January 2022

Background: During the pandemic of COVID-19, cancer patients have been considered as one high-risk group in the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the clinical symptoms and risk factors of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Method: In a prospective cross-sectional study, during a year, all cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy in our clinic (Kermanshah, Iran) were followed up in terms of getting COVID-19. We analyzed the effect of tumor features and demographic information on clinical manifestations, survival status, therapeutic outcomes, and severity of the disease COVID-19 in 2 categories of cancer (hematologic and solid cancers). Results: Most of the patients (68%) were in the solid tumor category, including breast cancer (24.4%), colon cancer (22%), and gastric cancer (9.8%). There was a statistically significant difference between 2 categories of cancer in the clinical manifestations: the stage of cancer and survival status ( P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of death in cancer patients with COVID-19 along with symptoms of diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 12.8, P = .004), the difficulty of breath (OR = 10.73, P = .034), drop of SO2 (OR = 1.334, P = .003), thrombocytopenia (OR = 1.022, P = .02), anemia (OR = 2.72, P = .011), requiring mechanical ventilation (OR = 9.24, P = .004), pleural infusion (OR = 10.28, P = .02), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR = 7.389, P = .009) increases independent of other variables. The COVID-19 mortality rate in our cancer patients was 23%. Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia, anemia, and diarrhea are symptoms that, along with common symptoms such as lung involvement, difficulty breathing, and the need for a ventilator, increase the risk of death in cancer patients with COVID-19.