bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KMT2E haploinsufficiency manifests autistic-like phenotypes and amygdala abnormality in mice
Authors: Li Yuan-Jun , Li Chun-Yan , Li chunyang , Hu Dian-Xing , Xv Zhi-Bo , Zhang Shu-Han , Li Qiang , Zhang Pei , Lan Xiao-Li , Chen Xiao Qian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The high heritability and heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are fundamentally determined by its varying genetic alterations including over 100 confident ASD-risk genes/genomic regions. Lysine Methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E, also named MLL5), a distinct chromatin/transcription regulator, is recently identified as a confident ASD-risk gene with germline de novo mutations in ASD probands. Clarifying the function and mechanism of KMT2E haploinsufficiency in ASD-like behaviours is important for the comprehensive understanding of ASD pathogenesis.
Methods
A CRISPR/Cas9-based mouse model of KMT2E (i.e., MLL5) deficiency (reading frame shift followed by a stop codon induction in exon 3) was used to characterize and define behavioural, metabolic and neuroanatomical phenotypes of ASD-linked loss-of-function mutation in KMT2E. Social/motor/repetitive behaviours and anxiety/anhedonia-like behaviours were determined in adult KMT2E+/− mice. Small-animal PET/CT was used to measure and analyse regional glycometabolic alterations in whole brain. Cerebral Cortical sizes and neuronal size/number in cortex/amygdala were measured. Spatial-temporal expression of KMT2E in developing human brain was analysed by using RNA-seq data from BrainSpan Atlas of Developing Human Brain.
Results
Adult KMT2E+/− haploinsufficiency mice exhibited robust social deficits in two/three-chamber behavioural paradigms, increased repetitive grooming/jumping behaviour, anxiety in open-field test and anhedonia in sucrose-preference test. 18F-FDG-PET/CT identified a selective reduction of glucose metabolism in amygdala and striatum in KMT2E+/− mice. Morphologically, cerebral cortical size was decreased while neuronal soma size/numbers in amygdala subregions were prominently increased in KMT2E+/− mice. Female and male mice were affected similarly by KMT2E haploinsufficiency. Bioinformatics showed that KMT2E mRNA levels were significantly decreased after birth in human brain overall and various subregions including amygdala and striatum.
Limitations:
The behaviour, metabolic and morphological analyses were performed in adult mice but not in other developmental stages due to the low fertility of KMT2E+/− mice. The effect of KMT2E knockdown or knockout on neuronal development is not verified at cellular level in vitro.
Conclusions
KMT2E haploinsufficiency is sufficient for causing sustained ASD-like social behaviours that is highly associated to amygdala malfunction. KMT2E+/− mice may serve as a valuable diagnostic/therapeutic ASD-model for related ASD subgroups.
Acute toxicity of three herbicide formulations in Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes, Characidae), an emerging Neotropical fish model species
Authors: Yasui George Shigueki , Rocha Nathalia R. A. , Freato Thiago A. , Filho José T. , Barbosa Admilson C. , Lázaro Talita M. , Schade Gabriel M. , Carvalho Gabriella B. , Oliveira Carlos A. F. , Senhorini José A. , Monzani Paulo S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Agricultural herbicide usage leads to the contaminating of aquatic ecosystems exposing aquatic organisms to toxic compounds. Herbicides may affect fish at different stages of development, such as gamete, embryonic early development, and mature adult. Sperm, embryos, and adult of Astyanax altiparanae were used to evaluate the detrimental effects of three herbicide formulations: glyphosate, imazapyr, and diquat. The LC50 values for adults using glyphosate and imazapyr were 2.99 mg/L and 4.17 mg/L, respectively, while diquat was impossible to assess. For the initial stages of development of embryos, the LC50 values for glyphosate, imazapyr, and diquat were 15.73 µg/L, 8.48 µg/L, and 0.96 µg/L, respectively. Inhibition of sperm motility was observed at concentrations of 240 µg/L for glyphosate, 125 µg/L for imazapyr, and 10 mg/L for diquat. Sperm viability measurements were taken at 96 µg/L for glyphosate, 30 µg/L for imazapyr, and 1.3 mg/L for diquat, observed 63.6%, 65.1%, and 62.9% of sperm viability, respectively, in comparison with 87.5% detected in control without herbicides. Astyanax altiparanae in different phases of development exhibited different sensitivities to the herbicide formulations investigated. Roundup Transorb® was a more toxic herbicide for adult individuals, while Reglone® was the most toxic for early embryonic development and Arsenal® NA for sperm motility. The initial stages of embryo development of Astyanax altiparanae were the phase more sensitive for the toxicological effects of herbicides, being the stage more appropriate to the toxicological studies of herbicides. A. altiparanae may be considered an emerging fish model for toxicological studies in the Neotropical region due to its wide distribution and biological characteristics.
Variations in Gut Fungal Communities between Anser erythropus Wintering at Shengjin and Caizi Lakes,China
Authors: Liu Gang , Xu Na , Feng Jiahui , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background：Gut microbiota play major roles in host nutrition and metabolism, but can also cause serious diseases among animals and humans. Recent studies have focused on gut bacterial diversity in migratory waterbirds; however, little information about their gut fungal communities has been reported.Results: In this study, we investigated the gut fungal communities of Anser erythropus wintering at either Shengjin Lake or Caizi Lake, China, using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the Shengjin Lake geese represented seven phyla and 27 classes; those from the Caizi Lake geese comprised seven phyla and 28 classes. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Rozellomycota were the dominant gut fungal phyla. Gut fungal community composition showed dramatic differences between the two populations. The Shengjin Lake geese ate mainly Poaceae spp., whereas the Caizi Lake geese ate mainly Carex spp., suggesting that different diets may induce variation in gut fungal communities between these populations. Additionally, nine potentially pathogenic species were identified across all samples, and their relative abundances were significantly higher in the Shengjin Lake samples than the Caizi Lake samples.Conclusions: The results indicated that gut fungal community were significant differences between Anser erythropus wintering at Shengjin and Caizi Lakes. Between Caizi Lake and Shengjin Lake, the geese in our study group consumed food that differed in type and quality maybe lead the gut fungi varied markedly between the geese from each lake. These findings expand our knowledge of gut fungi in waterbirds and suggest that the gut fungal communities differed in two wintering populations of the same species. This study provides basic data for the composition and structure of gut fungi of wintering waterbirds, and we argue that more attention should be paid to investigating the pathogenic gut species of migratory waterbirds, which may increase disease risks for sympatric poultry as well as humans.
Dispensing and Purchasing Antibiotics without Prescription: A Cross-sectional Study Among Pharmacists and Clients
Authors: Kakati Rasha T. , Nakad Sanaa , Zareef Rana , Atallah Johnny , Farhat Souha , Daye Nahla , Sadek Sandra , Bardus Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health issue with resistance rates increasing worldwide. Major contributing causes of AMR are the behaviors of dispensing and purchasing antibiotics without a prescription (DAWP and PAWP), respectively among pharmacists and clients, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to investigate behavioral patterns related to DAWP and PAWP among pharmacists and citizens of Beirut, Lebanon.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using questionnaires targeting a stratified random sample of pharmacy managers and a random sample of clients, recruited from public spaces in the Municipal Beirut area. Questionnaires assessed behavioral patterns, reasons for, and attitudes towards DAWP and PAWP. We compared the perceptions and self-reported behaviors related to DAWP and PAWP among the two samples.Results: We recruited 70 pharmacists and 178 citizens. While most pharmacists recognized that AMR is a public health problem and that DAWP is a major contributing factor, about a third (37%) declared supporting DAWP; citizens confirmed this response, as 30% declared they do not usually obtain a prescription before purchasing antibiotics. However, when recalling their last purchase of antibiotics, 43% of clients did not get a prescription. The reasons for this behavior are mostly financial and convenience, coupled with low law enforcement.Discussion: DAWP and PAWP seem to be common practices among a relatively high proportion of pharmacists and citizens of Beirut. Despite being illegal, this practice seems to take ground in a politically and economically weak country and in a semi-privatized healthcare system. National efforts including anti-AMR educational campaigns and law enforcement need to be implemented problem this problem can grow out of proportion and reduce the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns, especially considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A socio-economic analysis of polling booth catchments at the 2019 Australian federal election
Authors: Baum Scott 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Within the Australian political geography literature, there has been a growing body of work that has aimed to understand the distinctive socio-economic and demographic patterns that characterise the Australian federal political landscape. Using results from the last two federal elections (2016 and 2019) this paper presents an analysis of polling booth catchments in the context of stability and change in voter support. Polling booths are assigned to four possible types-Stable Coalition, Stable Labor, Change to Coalition and Change to Labor-depending on voter support. The Polling booths are then assigned a unique spatially defined catchment which are then compared across a range of socioeconomic and demographic variables. The results suggest significant differences in the types of polling booth catchments across five key indicates. These differences can be used to understand the distinct and changing nature of Australia's political geography and add an important component to the existing literature.
Comparison of Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Tumors with A RENAL Nephrometry Score≥7: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Yu-Li , Zhou Jin-Biao , Xiao Xin , Shi Tian-Li , Huang Xiao-Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background To compare the perioperative outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for complex renal tumors with a RENAL nephrometry score≥7. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register for studies from 2000 to 2020 to evaluate the perioperative outcomes of RPN and LPN in patients with a RENAL nephrometry score≥7. We used RevMan 5.2 to pool the data. Results Seven studies were acquired in our study. No significant differences were found in the estimated blood loss (WMD: 34.49; 95% CI: -75.16-144.14; p=0.54), hospital stay (WMD: -0.59; 95% CI: -1.24–0.06; p=0.07), positive surgical margin (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.65–1.11; p =0.23), major postoperative complications(OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.52–1.54; p=0.69) and transfusion (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.48–1.08; p =0.11) between the groups. RPN showed better outcomes in the operating time (WMD: -22.45; 95% CI: -35.06 to -9.85; p=0.0005), postoperative renal function (WMD: 3.32; 95% CI: 0.73–5.91; p=0.01), warm ischemia time (WMD: -6.96; 95% CI: -7.30–-6.62; p <0.0001), conversion rate to radical nephrectomy (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.66; p=0.002) and intraoperative complications (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28–0.97; p=0.04).Conclusions RPN is a safe and effective alternative to LPNs for or the treatment of complex renal tumors with a RENAL nephrometry score≥7 with a shorter warm ischemic time and better postoperative renal function.
Resection Of Giant Malignant Solitary Fibrous Pleural Tumor After Interventional Embolization: A Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Yao Kelin , Zhu Lvcong , Wang Liang , Xia Ruiming , Yang Jianfeng , Hu Wenbin , Yu Zhongqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is rare mesenchymal tumors that arise at a variety of sites and typically originate from the pleura. Most patients of SFTP are usually asymptomatic unless the tumor is large. Only about 20% of SFTP cases are malignant. There were few reports about the imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment of SFTP. We here in report a case of giant SFTP, which exhibited malignant behavior and underwent a successful resection after embolization of the main supply artery of the tumor.Case presentation: We report a clinical case of giant SFTP in a 66-year-old Chinese female patient complaining of chest tightness and cough for more than two months. Ten years ago, the patient had a chest CT scan at the local hospital for a cough. The CT scan revealed a mass on the right thoracic,which was misdiagnosed as a pulmonary abscess by a CT-guided biopsy. So the patient was not received the correct and complete treatment at that time. She was hospitalized again because of CT showed a significant enlargement of the right thoracic mass, which caused obvious symptoms of discomfort. The pathological results of CT-guided biopsy in our hospital confirmed SFTP. Considering the large size of the tumor and rich blood supply, part of the main blood vessels were treated with embolization firstly before surgical resection. Then, a large tumor with a size of about 23cm×16cm×15cm was successfully removed by thoracic surgery. The diagnosis of malignant SFTP was confirmed by surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry.Conclusion: The imaging findings of SFTP are not characteristic, especially when the tumor is large, the diagnosis is difficult, and the final diagnosis still depends on histological and immunohistochemical examination. This two-stage surgical treatment, which involves first embolization of the main supplying artery of the large tumor and then complete surgical resection of the tumor, is effective and safe for SFTP. Whether needle biopsy or vascular embolization, intervention plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with SFTP.
Resveratrol Alleviates Pyraclostrobin Induced-Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, And DNA Damage In Rats
Authors: NAVRUZ FAHRIYE ZEMHERI , İNCE Sinan , Acaröz Damla Arslan , ACARÖZ Ulaş , DEMİREL Hasan Hüseyin , DEMİRKAPI Ezgi Nur 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pyraclostrobin (Pyra) is a fungicide in the strobilurin class and has proven to be very toxic to aquatic species. Resveratrol (Res) is a phytoalexin that exhibits multiple bioactivities as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protective, and anti-aging in animals and is found in plant species such as mulberry, peanut, and grape. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Res against Pyra-induced oxidative stress in rats. For this purpose, a total of 48 male rats divided into 6 groups - 8 in each group - were exposed to 30 mg/kg Pyra by oral gavage once a day for 4 weeks and to 3 different concentrations of Res (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) together with Pyra. It was observed that, in groups administered with Pyra, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased whereas glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels decreased. It was observed that, in the group administered with Pyra, expression levels of CYP2E1 gene, which is associated with increased cancer risk, pro-apoptotic BAX gene, apoptotic caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 genes, NFκB gene, which is a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, and p53 gene, which plays a regulatory role in the cell, increased whereas expression level of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene decreased. It was determined that Res administrations improved Pyra-induced oxidative damage, histopathological changes and expression levels of various genes. According to the ssDNA analysis obtained from the DNA isolated from the blood; when DNA damage and histopathological damage in tissues were examined, it was observed that the highest damage was in the group administered with Pyra and the damage decreased depending on the increase in dose of Res. Consequently, it was observed that Res, known for its antioxidant protective properties, exhibited a protective effect against oxidative stress caused by Pyra.
Advances in lndolo[2,3-a]carbazole Chemistry: Design and Synthesis of Protein Kinase C and Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Authors: Pindur Ulf , Kim Young-Shin , Mehrabani Farokh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
lndolo[2,3-a]carbazoles, their pyrrolo[3,4-c]anellated variants and structurally closely related bisindolylmaleimides represent a biologically highly interesting class of natural compounds which are potential anticancer agents. According to the ongoing literature new and efficient synthetic methods yield a great variety of these compounds which have been reported
in detail. The biological activities and the inhibitory activities against the target enzymes protein
kinase C and topoisomerase I are also discussed including structure activity relationships. A molecular binding model of the protein kinase C inhibitors with the target enzyme at the atomic level is presented and supported by X-ray crystallographic structures and by molecular modelling studies.
5-Lipoxygenase: A Target for Antiinflammatory Drugs Revisited
Authors: Steinhilber D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is the key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis and catalyzes the initial steps in the conversion of arachidonic acid to biologically active leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are considered as potent
potent mediators of inflammatory and allergic reactions which are locally released by leukocytes and other 5-LO expressing cells and exert their effects via binding to specific membrane receptors and, as suggested recently, the nuclear receptor PPARa.
Because of the proinflammatory profile of leukotrienes it was assumed that leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists have a therapeutical potential in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Clinical studies confirmed the therapeutic value of the antileukotriene therapy in asthma but the results with leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors in psoriasis, arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease were more or less disappointing. This review summarizes the biochemistry of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, the pharmacology of FLAP and
5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and discusses possible criteria for the development of these drugs.
Utilization of ELISA Technology to Measure Biological Activities of Carbohydrates Relevant in Disease States
Authors: Gervay Jacquelyn , McReynolds Katherine D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Since its discovery in 1960, ELISA technology has been utilized in an increasing number of biological and biochemical investigations. It has proven to be one of the most powerful tools available for probing recognition processes involving protein/protein, protein/glycoprotein, protein/glycolipid and glycoprotein/glycolipid interactions. This review begins with an introduc­
tion that provides an historical perspective on the development of ELISA followed by a description of the different classifications of this assay. One of the fundamental elements of ELISA is the adhesion of a molecule of interest to a solid support, generally a microtiter plate. Recent developments in the area of adhesion and adsorption are also presented. Although ELISA has been used most extensively in studying protein/protein interactions, in the past 10 years there have been a number of advances in ELISA technology that have allowed recognition processes involving carbohydrates to be studied. This review focuses on the use of ELISA in investigating diseases where carbohydrate recognition processes are implicated. Since studies related to the HIV virus have provided a major impetus for the advancement of ELISA technology, this area of research is highlighted.
Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Properties of β-Lactams
Authors: Kidwai M. , Sapra P. , Shushan K.R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
More than five decades since the Discovery of Penicillin, the chemistry and biological activity of -lactams continue to attract the wide spread attention of research workers. Owing to high efficacy and extremely safe toxicological profile, they are agents of choice in the current therapeutic index for the bacterial infectious diseases. Tremendous efforts have been made into synthesis and structural modification of the -lactam nucleus to
increase antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetic performance. These efforts resulted in the
development of ampicillin, amoxicillin and a group of cephalosporins as clinically effective therapeutic agents. However the rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to most generally used members of this class of compound stimulated research for novel -lactams, stable to P­ lactamase and possess high potency, broad spectrum of activity both in vitro and in vivo. The mode of action of P-lactams is to inhibit an enzyme 'transpeptidase', penicillin binding proteins, critical in the production of bacterial cell wall.
Optimization of Nanoscience Parameters for Extracting Phenolic Compounds
from Ficus religiosa by Three-Phase Partitioning (TPP) Method
Authors: Rane Nitin M. , Shewale Sandeep P. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Phenolic compounds are generally found in different parts of various herbs
and plants such as leaves, barks, seeds, fruits, etc. These compounds show numerous bioactive properties,
including antioxidant characteristics. Phenolic compounds obtained from beneficial herbs and dietary
plants include flavonoids and tannins. In recent times, nanoscience has proved to be extensively
helpful in extracting bioactive components. Additionally, nanomaterials have made a considerable
contribution to the development of methodical techniques to retain superiority in processing foods and
medicines.

Objective:
Of late, the process of extraction of nano-bioactive composites from natural resources has
gained significant interest as these composites are used in manufacturing a wide range of products
such as foods, paints, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is a requirement to separate natural products
to identify new nano-bioactive compounds that have the potential to improve the developed techniques.

Methods:
This research focuses on optimizing the experimental parameters to extract the phenolic
compounds from Ficus religiosa (banyan leaves) by the three-phase partitioning (TPP) method. TPP is
an advanced method that is widely used for the extraction, concentration, and purification of various
nano-based bioactive compounds and enzymes.

Results:
During the investigation, various experimental parameters have been studied to obtain the
maximum concentration of phenolic compounds from the dried powder of the Ficus religiosa leaves.
The optimised results were found to be as follows: 30% of ammonium sulphate, solute to the solvent
in the ratio of 1:20 (v/v), and slurry to t-butanol in the ratio of 1:1.

Conclusion:
The experimental results showed that the TPP method is very efficient as it needs minimum
time to complete the extraction compared to the conventional solvent-based stirred batch extraction
method.