bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing blended learning for clinician teachers: a qualitative study identifying their needs and the impact on faculty development initiatives
Authors: Brits Elizabeth Kanita , Archer Elize , Strydom Sonja 
Published: August 2022

Background: Learning Technologies has been a fast-growing field in Health Professions Education (HPE). Approaches to teaching, learning and assessment have been increasingly influenced by learning technologies which requires HPE teachers to adapt their teaching practices and, with that, identify areas for professional development. The implementation of blended learning in HPE, has shown improvements in student performance. However, it seems as if there are challenges with the implementation of a blended learning approach and that there might be some needs that clinical teachers have that are not being addressed in order to implement blended learning successfully. Methods: We used a qualitative exploratory design to identify clinician teachers’ needs. Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted with a total of eight (n=8) module co-ordinators in the third year of the MBChB programme, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Results: Results indicated the need for continuous technical and pedagogical support which refers to a longitudinal faculty development approach. Additionally, faculty development should include the support in structuring and rethinking the blended curriculum, as well as assisting in the clinicians’ development in their role and identity as a clinical teacher. Conclusions: These results reveal the importance of faculty development as a targeted longitudinal approach.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - review
Authors: Metelski Jakub , Metelska Aleksandra , Sereda Dominika , Nieścior Hubert , Szwed Monika 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a constellation of symptoms that includes gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and chronic diarrhea. They are caused by the presence of gastrinoma, which is a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes gastrin. Gastrinoma is most often found in the duodenum and pancreas. ZES occurs sporadically in about 80% of cases, while in 20-25% it is a component of multiple endocrine neoplasms (MEN1). It is malignant in 60-90% of cases. The aim of the study is to present the typical clinical course of ZES, the diagnostic path and current therapeutic recommendations.
Description of the state of knowledge
ZES is present in about 0.1% -1% of patients with peptic ulcer disease. The direct cause of symptoms in patients with ZES is excessive gastric secretion stimulated by ectopic gastrin. Excess gastric acid damages the gastric mucosa and small intestine and disrupts the transport of fats, leading to the development of diarrhea. Other common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, or more rarely severe complications of GERD or peptic ulcer disease. Diagnostics include measurement of fasting serum gastrin, measurement of gastric pH, and assessment of basal gastric acid production.
Summary
In pharmacological treatment, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-line drugs to control excessive gastric acid secretion in patients with ZES. Other therapeutic options include histamine receptor antagonists or somatostatin analogues. Surgical intervention remains the only possible causal treatment. In the case of sporadic ZES routine exploratory laparotomy with curative intent is recommended. In the group of patients with coexisting MEN-1 syndrome, surgical intervention is reserved for patients with tumors> 2 cm.
Technical Note—An Improved Analysis of LP-Based Control for Revenue Management
Authors: Chen Guanting , Li Xiaocheng , Ye Yinyu 
Published: August 2022

Bounded Regret for LP-Based Revenue-Management Problems In “An Improved Analysis of LP-Based Control for Revenue Management,” Chen, Li, and Ye study a class of quantity-based network revenue-management problems. The authors consider a stochastic setting where all the orders are i.i.d. sampled and the customers are of finite type. They focus on the classic LP-based adaptive algorithm and consider regret as the performance measure. They found that when the underlying LP is nondegenerate, the algorithm achieves a problem-dependent regret upper bound that is independent of the horizon/number of time periods T; when the underlying LP is degenerate, the algorithm achieves a tight regret upper bound that scales on the order of T log(T) and matches the lower bound up to a logarithmic order.
High-sensitivity modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency analog in a THz asymmetric metasurface integrating perovskite and graphene
Authors: Wang Tongling , Li Tengteng , Yao Haiyun , Lu Yuying , Yan Xin , Cao Maoyong , Liang Lanju , Yang Maosheng , Yao Jianquan 
Published: August 2022

Active control of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analog is desirable in photonics development. Here, we theoretically and experimentally proposed a novel terahertz (THz) asymmetric metasurface structure that can possess high-sensitivity modulation under extremely low power density by integrating perovskite or graphene. Using the novel metasurface structure with the perovskite coating, the maximum amplitude modulation depth (AMD) of this perovskite-based device reached 490.53% at a low power density of

12.8037

mW
/
cm

2

. In addition, after the novel THz metasurface structure was combined with graphene, this graphene-based device also achieved high AMD with the maximum AMD being 180.56% at

16.312

mW
/
cm

2

, and its transmission amplitude could be electrically driven at a low bias voltage. The physical origin of this modulation was explained using a two-oscillator EIT model. This work provides a promising platform for developing high-sensitivity THz sensors, light modulators, and switches.
Characterisation of NLRP3 pathway-related neuroinflammation in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Pohlentz Malin S. , Müller Philipp , Cases-Cunillera Silvia , Opitz Thoralf , Surges Rainer , Hamed Motaz , Vatter Hartmut , Schoch Susanne , Becker Albert J. , Pitsch Julika 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveInflammation of brain structures, in particular the hippocampal formation, can induce neuronal degeneration and be associated with increased excitability manifesting as propensity for repetitive seizures. An increase in the abundance of individual proinflammatory molecules including interleukin 1 beta has been observed in brain tissue samples of patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and corresponding animal models. The NLRP3-inflammasome, a cytosolic protein complex, acts as a key regulator in proinflammatory innate immune signalling. Upon activation, it leads to the release of interleukin 1 beta and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Transient brain insults, like status epilepticus (SE), can render hippocampi chronically hyperexcitable and induce segmental neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms are referred to as epileptogenesis. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that distinct NLRP3-dependent transcript and protein signalling dynamics are induced by SE and whether they differ between two classical SE models. We further correlated the association of NLRP3-related transcript abundance with convulsive activity in human TLE hippocampi of patients with and without associated neurodegenerative damage.MethodsHippocampal mRNA- and protein-expression of NLRP3 and associated signalling molecules were analysed longitudinally in pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced SE TLE mouse models. Complementarily, we studied NLRP3 inflammasome-associated transcript patterns in epileptogenic hippocampi with different damage patterns of pharmacoresistant TLE patients that had undergone epilepsy surgery for seizure relief.ResultsPilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced SE elicit distinct hippocampalNlrp3-associated molecular signalling. Transcriptional activation of NLRP3 pathway elements is associated with seizure activity but independent of the particular neuronal damage phenotype in KA-induced and in human TLE hippocampi.SignificanceThese data suggest highly dynamic inflammasome signalling in SE-induced TLE and highlight a vicious cycle associated with seizure activity. Our results provide promising perspectives for the inflammasome signalling pathway as a target for anti-epileptogenic and -convulsive therapeutic strategies. The latter may even applicable to a particularly broad spectrum of TLE patients with currently pharmacoresistant disease.
Active and tunable nanophotonic metamaterials
Authors: Fan Kebin , Averitt Richard D. , Padilla Willie J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetamaterials enable subwavelength tailoring of light–matter interactions, driving fundamental discoveries which fuel novel applications in areas ranging from compressed sensing to quantum engineering. Importantly, the metallic and dielectric resonators from which static metamaterials are comprised present an open architecture amenable to materials integration. Thus, incorporating responsive materials such as semiconductors, liquid crystals, phase-change materials, or quantum materials (e.g., superconductors, 2D materials, etc.) imbue metamaterials with dynamic properties, facilitating the development of active and tunable devices harboring enhanced or even entirely novel electromagnetic functionality. Ultimately, active control derives from the ability to craft the local electromagnetic fields; accomplished using a host of external stimuli to modify the electronic or optical properties of the responsive materials embedded into the active regions of the subwavelength resonators. We provide a broad overview of this frontier area of metamaterials research, introducing fundamental concepts and presenting control strategies that include electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic stimuli. The examples presented range from microwave to visible wavelengths, utilizing a wide range of materials to realize spatial light modulators, effective nonlinear media, on-demand optics, and polarimetric imaging as but a few examples. Often, active and tunable nanophotonic metamaterials yield an emergent electromagnetic response that is more than the sum of the parts, providing reconfigurable or real-time control of the amplitude, phase, wavevector, polarization, and frequency of light. The examples to date are impressive, setting the stage for future advances that are likely to impact holography, beyond 5G communications, imaging, and quantum sensing and transduction.
Electrical conductivity of ZrCl4 solutions in molten LiCl, NaCl–KCl (1:1) and HfCl4 solutions in molten KCl
Authors: Salyulev Alexander B. , Potapov Alexei M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of LiCl–ZrCl4, NaCl–KCl (1:1)–ZrCl4 and KCl–HfCl4 molten mixtures has been studied for the first time as a function of temperature (770–1100 K) and the concentrations of ZrCl4 (0–25 mol%) or HfCl4 (0–30 mol%). A conductometric cell of an original construction has been used. The electrical conductivity of these mixtures ranges from 0.9 to 3.1 S/cm. The increase in the temperature results in the increase in the electrical conductivity, whereas the increase in the ZrCl4 or HfCl4 concentration results in its decrease. The obtained results on the electrical conductivity of MCl–ZrCl4 (M – alkali metals) melts are summarized, taking into account our previous measurements, and discussed on the basis of the available data on the structure of such melts.
Impaired activation of transposable elements in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Sorek Matan , Meshorer Eran , Schlesinger Sharon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence shows that transposable elements (TEs) are induced in response to viral infections. This TE induction is suggested to trigger a robust and durable interferon response, providing a host defense mechanism. Here, we analyze TE expression changes in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in different human cellular models. Unlike other viruses, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection does not lead to global upregulation of TEs in primary cells. We report a correlation between TEs activation and induction of interferon‐related genes, suggesting that failure to activate TEs may account for the weak interferon response. Moreover, we identify two variables that explain most of the observed diverseness in immune responses: basal expression levels of TEs in the pre‐infected cells and the viral load. Finally, analyzing the SARS‐CoV‐2 interactome and the epigenetic landscape around the TEs activated following infection, we identify SARS‐CoV‐2 interacting proteins, which may regulate chromatin structure and TE transcription. This work provides a possible functional explanation for SARS‐CoV‐2 success in its fight against the host immune system and suggests that TEs could serve as potential drug targets for COVID‐19.
Identification of the causative mutation in the ITGB2 gene in a LAD1 patient by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Kim Lien Nguyen Thi , Van Anh Nguyen Thi , Van Tung Nguyen , Anh Linh Duong , Phuong Mai Nguyen Thi , Huy Hoang Nguyen 
Published: August 2022

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD1) is a rare congenital immunodeficiency disease. The cause of disease is determined to be the mutations in the ITGB2 gene that codes for CD18, the beta chain of beta-2 integrins, leads to decreased expression or functioning of CD18. This deficiency leads to severe impairment of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall and leukocyte migration to sites of infection and inflammation. LAD1 has also been associated with inhibition of interleukin-23 and interleukin-17 resulting in a hyperinflammatory and chronic inflammation. Patients with LAD1 typically present in early infancy with recurrent, life threatening infections that are frequently fatal before 2 years of age without hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, LAD1 is difficult to diagnose and many LAD1 patients die at a young age despite intensive antibiotic therapy. Accurate diagnosis requires detailed clinical information (delayed umbilical cord loss, severe periodontitis, delayed wound healing and sores, skin abscesses, and recurrent infection), and confirmation the absence of integrins by flow cytometric analysis. A better understanding of the molecular characteristics of this disease is needed to raise awareness and definitive diagnosis infants with LAD1. To definitive diagnosis, whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed in an eighteen-month-old boy with severe leukocytosis, recurrent infections, delayed wound healing, and hepatosplenomegaly associated with an acquired cytomegalovirus infection. Two variants: One previously reported mutation (c.533C>T, p.Pro178Leu) and one novel variant (c.59-1G>A), in the ITGB2 gene were detected. These results can be used for definitive genetic diagnosis, genetic counseling, as well as a prenatal diagnosis in LAD1 patients.
SHARING DANA PENDIDIKAN DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Permana Johar , Meirawan Danny , Triatna Cepi 
Published: August 2022

Komitmen Gubernur Jawa Barat dan para bupati/walikota membutuhkan pola pembiayaanyang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang bermutu. Penelitian ini bermaksud menggambarkan kondisi biaya operasional, biaya investasi, dan biaya personal pada sekolah bermutu tinggi, sedang dan rendah per siswa per tahun untuk Sekolah Dasar (SD), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), dan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Jawa Barat, beserta peta pembiayaan pendidikan dasar dan menengah di Jawa Barat dilihat dari biaya operasi, investasi, dan biaya personal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, populasi 26 kab./kota di Jawa Barat dengan asumsi homogenitas pada sumber penelitian ditetapkan secara purposif 12 kab./kota dengan 228 responden yang terdiri dari pihak sekolah, dinas pendidikan kab./kota, dan orang tua siswa. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan biaya operasional SD bermutu tinggi, sedang dan rendah per siswa per tahun mencapai masing-masing Rp 760,384.62; Rp Rp 388,320.92; dan 212,624.05. Di SMP sebesar Rp 1,634,722.26; Rp 503,651.39; dan Rp 241,179.80. Sedangkan di SMA sebesar Rp 2.140.417.00; Rp 1.524.909.00; dan Rp 951.721.00. Biaya investasi mencapai di SD, SMP, dan SMA per siswa per tahun pada sekolah yang dikategorikan bermutu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah masing-masing: SD: Rp 2,453,846.15; Rp 1,473,572.30; dan 28,190.84. di SMP: Rp 1,728,367.74; Rp 1,241,280.59; dan Rp 242,834.34. di SMA: Rp 5.329.500.000; Rp 713.905.000; dan Rp 384.226.500. Biaya personal pada kategori yang sama, di SD sebesar: Rp 11,788,000.00; Rp 3,163,450.00; dan 1,740,000.00. Di SMP mencapai Rp 8,930,000.00; Rp 5,209,300.00; dan Rp 2,720,000.00. Di SMA mencapai: Rp4.148.000,00; Rp 3.515.000,00, dan Rp 2.020.000,00. Pemda Propinsi Jabar juga memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam pembiayaan penyelenggaraan pendidikan dasar dan menengah (SD, SMP, dan SMA). Rata-rata pemenuhan biaya operasional untuk SD mencapai 6,44%, SMP mencapai 25,85% dan SMA mencapai 11,80%.
Survival in bladder cancer in Samara region taking into account the stage of the disease and location
Authors: Korabelnikov A. S. , Nizamova R. S. , Andreeva R. D. , Vozdvyzhensky M. O. 
Published: August 2022

Background. Survival rates play an important role in improving the organization of oncological care and individualization of treatment methods. The presence of databases of patients with bladder cancer in the Samara region makes it possible to study survival at the population level, taking into account the place of residence, gender, stage of the disease, the histological structure of the tumor, and allows you to participate in the further formation of the federal cancer registry as part of the digitalization of healthcare.Aim. To study of survival rates for bladder cancer in the Samara region for the period 2010–2012 with the calculation of 5-year survival for 2017.Materials and methods. The study included data on 1138 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. Calculation and analysis of relapse-free, overall and tumor-specific survival of 1059 patients with bladder cancer was carried out, taking into account the place of residence and gender differences. Of these, 846 (79.9 %) people are urban residents, 213 (20.1 %) are from rural areas (4:1). A comparative analysis of the survival of patients with bladder cancer for 2000–2002 and 2010–2012 was performed. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate survival rates.Results. An analysis of the survival of patients with bladder cancer found lower overall survival compared to tumor-specific survival, which indicates the presence of intercurrent causes of death. In the population of the region as a whole, 1-year relapse-free, overall and tumor-specific survival in this disease was 75.9, 77.9 and 81.1 %, 5-year – 55.7, 53.8 and 66.6 %, respectively. An assessment of the dynamics of the probability of living each year showed that the majority of patients (18.9 %) die during the first year of observation, in subsequent years the probability of survival is much higher. Life expectancy in urban areas is longer than in rural areas. Comparison of gender differences in survival revealed lower survival rates in the male population. Indicators of 1-year and 5-year tumor-specific survival of patients for 2010–2012 increased by 5.7 % and 13.6 %, respectively, as compared to 2000–2002.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of 1-year and 5-year survival of patients with bladder cancer in the Samara region for 2010–2012 determined the low survival rates of rural men compared to urban ones. Higher survival rate for this disease for 2010–2012 compared to 2000–2002 may indicate an increase in the availability of specialist care to the population and careful monitoring of patients in the last decade of the study.
Efficacy of novel androgen axis inhibitors for the treatment of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in patients with visceral metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Murazov Ia. G. , Prokhorov D. G. , Tareev Yu. S. , Smirnov R. V. 
Published: August 2022

Background. The presence of visceral metastases (VM) is a significant adverse prognostic factor affecting the overall survival of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, new drugs, such as novel antiandrogen therapies (NAT), have been introduced, expanding the options for the treatment of mHSPC.Aim. To assess whether presence or absence of VM at baseline affects risk of death in patients with mHSPC receiving NAT therapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared with standard therapy (ADT ± 1st generation antiandrogen).Search strategy. Bibliographic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from inception through January 21, 2022.Selection criteria. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials with parallel design in patients with mHSPC. Subgroups of patients with or without VM at baseline were required. The following drugs were chosen as interventional agents: abiraterone acetate, apalutamide, enzalutamide, darolutamide. All in addition to ADT. The main outcome was overall survival.Data analysis. We applied the inverse variance technique for the meta-analysis of hazard ratios (HR). In HR analysis we adopted a fixed-effect model.Results. The analysis included three randomized clinical trials with 3376 patients, of which a total of 485 (14.4 %) patients had VM. Compared with ADT, the risk of death in patients with VM treated with NAT + ADT (HR 0.69; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.89; n = 485; p = 0.004) was similar to the risk of death in patients without VM (HR 0.66; 95 % CI 0.59–0.75; n = 2461; p <0.00001). The test for subgroup differences suggests that there is no statistically significant subgroup effect (χ2 = 0,05; df = 1; p = 0,82; I2 = 0 %). Ordered from the most to the least effective, treatments with improved overall survival in patients with VM when added to ADT included abiraterone acetate (HR 0.58; 95 % CI 0.41–0.82), apalutamide (HR 0.76; 95 % CI 0.47–1.23), enzalutamide (HR 1.05; 95 % CI 0.54–2.04). In patients without VM, the drugs are in the following order: enzalutamide (HR 0.62; 95 % CI 0.47–0.82), apalutamide (HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.52–0.81), abiraterone acetate (HR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.58–0.82).Conclusion. Patients with mHSPC benefit from the combination of NAT with ADT, regardless of the presence or absence of VM (HR 0.67; 95 % CI 0.60–0.75; n = 2946; p <0,00001). Abiraterone acetate has the greatest advantages in reducing the risk of death in patients with VM.