bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of empathy among dental interns and postgraduate students at King Abdulaziz University: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Naguib Ghada H. , Ghandour Raghad , Alnowaiser Abeer M. , Mously Hisham A. , Althenayan Lulwa M. , Alnasser Abeer A. , Hamed Mohamed T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesEmpathetic communication of dentists with their patients is a primary characteristic of their health care. This study aims to evaluate dental students’ empathy levels during the transitional period of internship and postgraduate studies of different specialties at one of the oldest dental schools in Saudi Arabia and explore how this empathy was affected by gender, age, and study duration.MethodsIn this study, the self‐reported empathy level among the participants was assessed using the Jefferson scale of empathy‐student version (JSE‐HPS). This survey includes a 20‐question Likert scale formulated to measure clinical empathy in health care professionals. The JSE‐HPS was distributed to all registered dental interns and postgraduate students during the academic year 2019–20 in King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ResultsMean total score of empathy of the participants was (101.07 ± 14.8) with a response rate of 89%. A statistically significant higher empathy score appeared among dental postgraduate students in general (p = 0.04) and specifically among the females (p = 0.04) and those with postgraduate programs for more than four years, (p = 0.02). Dental postgraduate students scored significantly higher in the parameters of standing in patients’ shoes (p = 0.02).ConclusionGender, academic level, and duration of postgraduates' studies influenced empathy more than the age of the dental graduates in KAUFD. Our recommendation is to integrate empathy into the dental curriculum emphasizing interactive communication skills and early patient contact.
TRIT1 defect leads to a recognizable phenotype of myoclonic epilepsy, speech delay, strabismus, progressive spasticity, and normal lactate levels
Authors: Muylle Ewout , Jiang Huafang , Johnsen Christin , Byeon Seul Kee , Ranatunga Wasantha , Garapati Kishore , Zenka Roman M. , Preston Graeme , Pandey Akhilesh , Kozicz Tamas , Fang Fang , Morava Eva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTRIT1 defect is a rare, autosomal‐recessive disorder of transcription, initially described as a condition with developmental delay, myoclonic seizures, and abnormal mitochondrial function. Currently, only 13 patients have been reported. We reviewed the genetic, clinical, and metabolic aspects of the disease in all known patients, including two novel, unrelated TRIT1 cases with abnormalities in oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV in fibroblasts. Taken together the features of all 15 patients, TRIT1 defect could be identified as a potentially recognizable syndrome including myoclonic epilepsy, speech delay, strabismus, progressive spasticity, and variable microcephaly, with normal lactate levels. Half of the patients had oxidative phosphorylation complex measurements and had multiple complex abnormalities.
頭部外傷後早期痙攣発作に対するレベチラセタム予防投与の効果：後ろ向きコホート研究(A retrospective cohort study of the effect of prophylaxis with levetiracetam on early posttraumatic seizures)
Authors: 洋平 中村 , 裕司 小倉 , 弘 伊藤 , 由貴 戸上 , 治郎 射場 , 晴彦 貴島 
Published: September 2022

要旨【目的】頭部外傷後1週間以内に生じる早期痙攣発作（early PTS）に対するレベチラセタム（LEV）予防投与の有用性は確立されていない。本研究の目的は，レベチラセタム予防投与の効果や副作用に関して評価を行うことである。【対象】2016年4月～2021年3月の間に大阪大学医学部附属病院高度救命救急センターへ入院となった16歳以上の頭部外傷症例で，来院時Glasgow coma scale < 9もしくは穿頭/開頭術を行った症例を対象とした。脳震盪症例，受傷後1週間以内の死亡症例，LEV以外の抗てんかん薬が予防投与された症例は除外した。レベチラセタム予防投与群（LEV群）と非投与群（non LEV群）について，背景や臨床経過，血液・画像検査所見，early PTS合併の有無，予防投与に起因する副作用の有無を後方視的に比較検討した。【結果】対象症例は計86例であった（LEV群45例，non LEV群41例）。Early PTSの合併はnon LEV群24.4%に対してLEV群6.7%であり，LEV群が有意に低かった（p=0.0195）。LEV群に重篤な副作用はなく，early PTS合併症例の半数は入院初日に痙攣発作を生じていた。【結語】レベチラセタムの予防投与はearly PTSの合併を軽減させる可能性が示され，重篤な副作用も認めなかった。
Spatiotemporal characteristics of dry‐wet abrupt alternation events in China during 1960–2018
Authors: Zhao Dongsheng , Deng Siqi , Zhang Jiacheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe dry‐wet abrupt alternation (DWAA) can lead to consecutive drought–flood hazards with high socioeconomic losses. Over the past decades, China has suffered huge economic losses of more than $15 billion due to drought and flood hazards. With the rapid socio‐economic development, the damages caused by DWAA are expected to be more serious. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of DWAA were poorly known at the continental scale. In this study, DWAA was identified by the short‐cycle dry‐wet abrupt alternation index (SDWAI) across eight eco‐regions of China from 1960 to 2018. Results showed that DWAA mainly occurred in humid/semihumid region (III), subtropical humid region (V), and tropical humid region (VI). Seasonally, DWAA is mostly concentrated in summer, with the highest frequency in June and July. Meanwhile, 67% of the total DWAA events were observed in nonsummer seasons. From 1960 to 2018, the intensity of dry to wet (DTW) events has increased by 0.015/10 year. The north and west of China (except region III, V, VI, and VII) experienced an increasing trend in DTW intensity, but a decreasing trend in WTD intensity. DWAA events in some parts of China were frequently observed, which was related to the variability in precipitation patterns caused by climate change. The identification of local hotspots and seasonal distribution of DWAA will support decision‐making for warning and mitigating the drought and flood hazards.
The role of violence perpetration in driving externalizing problems and offending behavior among youth from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Dumke Lars , Haer Roos , Zawadka Annika , Salmen Charlotte , Hecker Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYouth in conflict‐affected regions are exposed to a multitude of traumatic events. These individuals often witness violence; experience it firsthand; and, in some cases, become perpetrators. The interplay of events shapes systematic trauma histories that may have unique implications for youths’ mental health. In a cross‐sectional study conducted in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we interviewed 295 war‐affected youth (63.4% boys,Mage= 16.70 years), including former child soldiers (n= 171), regarding their traumatic experiences and mental health. Using latent class analysis, we identified four common trauma history classes categorized by (a) low exposure, (b) medium exposure, (c) high exposure, and (d) high exposure/perpetration. Across the sample, gradual increases in trauma load corresponded with increased vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, ηp2= .36, and internalizing problems, ηp2= .12; however, only youth from the high exposure/perpetration class differed significantly from other youth in their levels of externalizing problems, ηp2= .13, and offending behaviors, ηp2= .17. A longer time in armed groups was related to a higher risk of both experiencing and perpetrating violence. The results indicate that it is not child soldier status, per se, but the perpetration of violence that reinforces a cycle of violence in conflict‐affected societies by contributing to increased externalizing problems and offending behaviors. In conflict regions, integrated approaches are needed to address both trauma and externalizing problems of war‐affected youth.
Auto‐segmentation of important centers of growth in the pediatric skeleton to consider during radiation therapy based on deep learning
Authors: Qiu Wenlong , Zhang Wei , Ma Xingmin , Kong Youyong , Shi Pengyue , Fu Min , Wang Dandan , Hu Man , Zhou Xianjun , Dong Qian , Zhou Qichao , Zhu Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRoutinely delineating of important skeletal growth centers is imperative to mitigate radiation‐induced growth abnormalities for pediatric cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. However, it is hindered by several practical problems, including difficult identification, time consumption, and inter‐practitioner variability.PurposeThe goal of this study was to construct and evaluate a novel Triplet‐Attention U‐Net (TAU‐Net)‐based auto‐segmentation model for important skeletal growth centers in childhood cancer radiotherapy, concentrating on the accuracy and time efficiency.MethodsA total of 107 childhood cancer patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the training cohort (N = 80) and test cohort (N = 27). The craniofacial growth plates, shoulder growth centers, and pelvic ossification centers, with a total of 19 structures in the three groups, were manually delineated by two experienced radiation oncologists on axial, coronal, and sagittal computed tomography images. Modified from U‐Net, the proposed TAU‐Net has one main branch and two bypass branches, receiving semantic information of three adjacent slices to predict the target structure. With supervised deep learning, the skeletal growth centers contouring of each group was generated by three different auto‐segmentation models: U‐Net, V‐Net, and the proposed TAU‐Net. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance 95% (HD95) were used to evaluate the accuracy of three auto‐segmentation models. The time spent on performing manual tasks and manually correcting auto‐contouring generated by TAU‐Net was recorded. The paired t‐test was used to compare the statistical differences in delineation quality and time efficiency.ResultsAmong the three groups, including craniofacial growth plates, shoulder growth centers, and pelvic ossification centers groups, TAU‐Net had demonstrated highly acceptable performance (the average DSC = 0.77, 0.87, and 0.83 for each group; the average HD95 = 2.28, 2.07, and 2.86 mm for each group). In the overall evaluation of 19 regions of interest (ROIs) in the test cohort, TAU‐Net had an overwhelming advantage over U‐Net (63.2% ROIs in DSC and 31.6% ROIs in HD95, p = 0.001–0.042) and V‐Net (94.7% ROIs in DSC and 36.8% ROIs in HD95, p = 0.001–0.040). With an average time of 52.2 min for manual delineation, the average time saved to adjust TAU‐Net‐generated contours was 37.6 min (p < 0.001), a 72% reduction.ConclusionsDeep learning–based models have presented enormous potential for the auto‐segmentation of important growth centers in pediatric skeleton, where the proposed TAU‐Net outperformed the U‐Net and V‐Net in geometrical precision for the majority status.
Investigating the impact of RF saturation‐pulse parameters on compartment‐selective gas‐phase depolarization with xenon polarization transfer contrast MRI
Authors: Achekzai Tahmina , Ruppert Kai , Loza Luis , Amzajerdian Faraz , Profka Harrilla , Duncan Ian F. , Kadlecek Stephen J. , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo demonstrate the utility of continuous‐wave (CW) saturation pulses in xenon‐polarization transfer contrast (XTC) MRI and MRS, to investigate the selectivity of CW pulses applied to dissolved‐phase resonances, and to develop a correction method for measurement biases from saturation of the nontargeted dissolved‐phase compartment.MethodsStudies were performed in six healthy Sprague–Dawley rats over a series of end‐exhale breath holds. Discrete saturation schemes included a series of 30 Gaussian pulses (8 ms FWHM), spaced 25 ms apart; CW saturation schemes included single block pulses, with variable flip angle and duration. In XTC imaging, saturation pulses were applied on both dissolved‐phase resonance frequencies and off‐resonance, to correct for other sources of signal loss and compromised selectivity. In spectroscopy experiments, saturation pulses were applied at a set of 19 frequencies spread out between 185 and 200 ppm to map out modified z‐spectra.ResultsBoth modified z‐spectra and imaging results showed that CW RF pulses offer sufficient depolarization and improved selectivity for generating contrast between presaturation and postsaturation acquisitions. A comparison of results obtained using a variety of saturation parameters confirms that saturation pulses applied at higher powers exhibit increased cross‐contamination between dissolved‐phase resonances.ConclusionUsing CW RF saturation pulses in XTC contrast preparation, with the proposed correction method, offers a potentially more selective alternative to traditional discrete saturation. The suppression of the red blood cell contribution to the gas‐phase depolarization opens the door to a novel way of quantifying exchange time between alveolar volume and hemoglobin.
Changing indications and antenatal prognostic factors for ex‐utero intrapartum treatment procedures
Authors: Porter Hugh , Trivedi Amit , Marquez Miguel , Gibson Peter , Melov Sarah J. , Mishra Umesh , Jani Pranav , Cheng Alan T. , Nayyar Roshni , Alahakoon Thushari I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn cases of suspected neonatal airway obstruction, the ex‐utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is used to secure the airway while a fetus remains on placental circulation. We report indications and outcomes from all EXIT procedures at a tertiary obstetric unit between 1997 and 2020.MethodRetrospective cohort study with data collected from maternal and neonatal medical records.ResultsIndications for EXIT procedures were micrognathia (n = 7), lymphatic malformations (n = 5), cervical teratomas (n = 4), goiters (n = 2), and intra‐oral epulis (n = 1). Infants with a fetal teratoma were delivered earliest due to 75% presenting with preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm labor. Low birth weight was found in 75% of these neonates; they did not survive 1 year. Intubation at EXIT occurred for 58% (n = 11) of babies, and six neonates required a tracheostomy. In four cases of fetal micrognathia, the inferior facial angle (IFA) was noted to be <5th centile. All but one micrognathia case had polyhydramnios. Of the total cohort, 75% of neonates were alive at 1 year.ConclusionRisks for neonatal demise with EXIT include fetal teratoma, low birth weight, and prematurity. Micrognathia has become an increasingly valid indication for the procedure. The combination of polyhydramnios and IFA <5% correlates well with severe airway obstruction and suggests consideration of EXIT.
Von Eisen bis Blei und zu den Aktiniden
Authors: Thielemann Friedrich‐Karl 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem zweiten und abschließenden Teil zur kosmischen Nukleosynthese betrachten wir sowohl den Beitrag von Doppelsternsystemen zur Nukleosynthese sowie allgemein die Entstehung der schweren Elemente von Eisen bis Blei, Thorium und Uran. Der Aufbau der schweren Elemente ist dominiert durch Prozesse, die Neutronen freisetzen und durch Neutroneneinfänge und Betazerfälle sukzessive schwerere Atomkerne erzeugen. Die geschieht hauptsächlich in zwei stellaren Quellen: erstens über Tausende von Jahren beim s‐Prozess während der Sternentwicklung durch Neutronen produzierende Reaktionen im He‐Brennen und zweitens auf Zeitskalen von Sekunden beim r‐Prozess in explosiven Ereignissen mit hohen Neutronendichten, die kurzfristig Atomkerne weitab der Stabilität einbeziehen. Solche Bedingungen liegen bei speziellen Klassen von Supernovae und Neutronenstern‐Verschmelzungen vor.
Verschlungen wirbelnder Torus
Authors: Suhr Wilfried , Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer von Jochen Valett erfundene Toroflux ist ein aus einem Stahlband geknüpftes, unter einer mehr oder weniger großen Federspannung stehendes, kinetisches Objekt. Es kann eine ringförmige, nahezu zweidimensionale, und eine torusähnliche dreidimensionale Konfiguration annehmen. Je nach Ausführung springt es entweder ohne oder mit äußerer mechanischer Einwirkung vom zweidimensionalen in den dreidimensionalen Zustand. Über einen Stab oder einen Ring gestülpt, rotiert der Toroflux, durch die eigene Gewichtskraft angetrieben, an diesem hinab. Die Windungen des Stahlbandes vollführen dabei eine Rollbewegung, die das Band innerhalb der spiralförmigen Struktur in ständigem Fluss hält.
Increased Efficiency of Radiation Inactivation of Virions by Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Nikitin Nikolai A. , Arkhipenko Marina V. , Dement'eva Olga V. , Kartseva Maria E. , Shishmakova Elena M. , Sanochkina Elizaveta V. , Shiryaeva Ekaterina S. , Kolyvanova Maria A. , Belousov Alexandr V. , Rudoy Victor M. , Feldman Vladimir I. , Karpova Olga V. , Morozov Vladimir N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) are promising radiosensitizers for cancer radiotherapy. Moreover, they can be used in the same way for radiation processing and sterilization. Such application of GNPs is of practical interest since it may significantly reduce the dose load and expand the application of radiation treatment. In the present study, the high radiosensitization effect of GNPs in relation to viral particles is demonstrated for the first time. The preparations of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are used as an experimental model, insofar as this virus has the same properties as animal and human ones but is safe for humans. Irradiation with 45 kVp X‐ray to the doses of 4 and 7 kGy leads to a decrease in the infectious activity of TMV virions up to 1.92‐ and 2.70‐fold, respectively. At the same time, irradiation in the presence of 0.4 mg mL−1 of 12 nm spherical GNPs increases the efficiency of virus inactivation up to 15‐ and 22‐fold. The GNPs enhance both the damage to capsid protein due to the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species and genome RNA due to the emission of secondary radiation. These results show the great prospects of the application of high‐Z nanoparticles in radiation treatment.
Hollow CoO Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐doped Mesoporous Graphene for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Yanping , Zhang Hong , Wang Mimi , Zhu Sheng , Han Gaoyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopment of reactive and stable non‐preciously metallic catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction is a fascinating research field for fuel cells. Herein, a hybrid electrocatalyst consisted of hollow CoO nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped mesoporous graphene (CoO@N−G) has been successfully prepared via carbonizing the precursor which is prepared from graphene oxide and N, N′‐Bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamine cobalt salt in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. The formation of hollow CoO nanoparticles is generally attributed to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. The effective synergistic effect of hollow CoO nanoparticles and N‐doped mesoporous graphene is helpful to obtain excellent electrocatalytic activity with four‐electron selectivity, long‐term stability and good anti‐methanol.
A Receptor Based on Diphenylaniline Donor Connected with Difuran and Pyridine as Acceptors: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Selective Detection of Iron Ion
Authors: Zalmi Geeta A. , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Harmalkar Sarvesh S. , Narvekar Kedar U. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, the fluorescent receptor 4‐(2,6‐di(furan‐2‐yl)pyridin‐4‐yl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline (DFPDA) was successfully synthesized overall in three steps, which bears three acceptor moieties one pyridine and two furans connected to a donor triphenylamine The DFPDA was fully characterized through 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, ESI mass and elemental analysis. Further, single X‐ray structure confirm the intermediate and final DFPDA molecules. When we employed DFPDA molecule for sensing of metal ion, it shows selective detection of Fe3+ over other metal ions (Cu2+, K+, Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Fe2+ as their respective salts) dissolving in 1 : 1 water/DMSO solution with the binding constant 3.75×10−5 M. The limit of detection of DFPDA was found to be 52 nM which is much lower than the environmental protection agency guidelines (5.37 μM). Therefore, we believe that the DFPDA 1 fluorescent receptor may become outstanding chromophore for practical applications. Competing financial interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Improving Li Ion Storage Capability of V2O5 Electrode by Using Aminoalkyldisiloxane Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Li Youpeng , Zhang Lingzhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe unstable electrolyte interphase layer on the surface of V2O5 limits its Li+ storage capability. Herein, a novel aminoakyldisiloxane compound, (3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)diethoxypropyl) pentamethyldisiloxane (DSON), is applied as an efficient electrolyte additive for enhancing the electrochemical performance of V2O5 electrode. DSON additive in the conventional carbonate‐based electrolyte can inhibit the generation of acidic species by suppressing the hydrolysis of LiPF6. Additionally, DSON can also induce the formation of solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of V2O5 electrode upon (de)lithiation, which decreases the charge transfer resistance of Li+ at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. Thus, the V2O5 electrode with the electrolyte containing DSON additive (0.5 wt%) delivers a higher specific capacity (311.8 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 C), excellent cycling performance (248.1 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 250 cycles) and rate performance (235.9 mAh g−1 at 2 C). This work demonstrates that aminoakyldisiloxane is an effective electrolyte additive to stabilize the surface electrolyte film and improve the Li+ storage capability of metallic oxide‐based electrode materials.
Surface Wrinkling for Flexible and Stretchable Sensors
Authors: Lee Giwon , Zarei Mohammad , Wei Qingshan , Zhu Yong , Lee Seung Goo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent advances in nanolithography, miniaturization, and material science, along with developments in wearable electronics, are pushing the frontiers of sensor technology into the large‐scale fabrication of highly sensitive, flexible, stretchable, and multimodal detection systems. Various strategies, including surface engineering, have been developed to control the electrical and mechanical characteristics of sensors. In particular, surface wrinkling provides an effective alternative for improving both the sensing performance and mechanical deformability of flexible and stretchable sensors by releasing interfacial stress, preventing electrical failure, and enlarging surface areas. In this study, recent developments in the fabrication strategies of wrinkling structures for sensor applications are discussed. The fundamental mechanics, geometry control strategies, and various fabricating methods for wrinkling patterns are summarized. Furthermore, the current state of wrinkling approaches and their impacts on the development of various types of sensors, including strain, pressure, temperature, chemical, photodetectors, and multimodal sensors, are reviewed. Finally, existing wrinkling approaches, designs, and sensing strategies are extrapolated into future applications.
Unique Spindle‐Like Bismuth‐Based Composite toward Ultrafast Potassium Storage
Authors: Liu Xi , Sun Yingjuan , Tong Yong , Li Hongyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBismuth (Bi)‐based materials have attracted great attention as anodes in potassium ion batteries (PIBs) for their high theoretical capacity and suitable voltage range. Herein, the authors report a unique spindle‐like structured Bi@N‐doped carbon composite (SPB@NC) consisting of interconnected nano‐Bi coated heteroatom‐doped hard carbon layer via an interesting in situ carbon thermal reduction method. The special interconnected Bi nanoparticles gradually form porous structure with ample inner voids for accommodating volume variations while the N‐doped carbon layer not only keeps the electrode stable, but also contributes to rapid electron/ion transfer. As a result, such a robust framework endows SPB@NC fast potassium storage with outstanding capacity of 276.5 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1 (i.e., 1 min for discharge/charge) and durable cycling performance of 299.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 2000 cycles. Notably, a full cell assembled with potassium vanadate cathode is promising for practical applications. A series of ex situ techniques reveals the in‐depth potassium storage mechanism and kinetics reactions. This work illuminates helpful insights into Bi‐based anodes for PIBs.