bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-operative knee extensor and flexor torque after secondary ACL rupture: a comparative retrospective analysis
Authors: Mauch Marlene , Ritzmann Ramona , Lambert Christophe , Wenning Markus , Ebner Clara , Hartl Leonie , Heitner Albrecht H. , Paul Jochen , Centner Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are a relevant clinical concern after surgical treatment of a primary ACL rupture. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence related to the role of muscle strength prior to revision surgery in a second ACL rupture. The aim of this study was to assess differences in knee extensor and flexor strength in patients before primary and secondary ACL reconstruction compared to healthy controls.

Methods
In total, n = 69 age, weight and sex matched individuals were included in the study: n = 23 patients with isolated primary ACL rupture, n = 23 with secondary ACL rupture, and n = 23 matched healthy controls. Maximal isokinetic knee extension and flexion torque normalized to body mass was assessed for both legs.

Results
For patients with secondary ACL ruptures, torques were reduced in the non-injured (extension: 1.94 Nm/kg vs. 2.46 Nm/kg, p < 0.05, flexion: 1.25 Nm/kg vs. 1.59 Nm/kg, p < 0.05) and the injured leg (extension: 1.70 Nm/kg vs. 2.46 Nm/kg, p < 0.05, flexion: 1.14 Nm/kg vs. 1.59 Nm/kg, p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. For patients with a primary ACL rupture torques were reduced in the non-injured (extension: 1.92 Nm/kg vs. 2.46 Nm/kg, p < 0.05, flexion: 1.24 Nm/kg vs. 1.59 Nm/kg, p < 0.05) and the injured leg (extension: 1.38 Nm/kg vs. 2.46 Nm/kg, p < 0.05, flexion: 1.01 Nm/kg vs. 1.59 Nm/kg, p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. There were no differences between patients with primary and secondary ruptures, except of the knee extension on the injured leg showing higher values after a secondary ACL rupture (1.38 Nm/kg vs. 1.70 Nm/kg, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The findings indicate that maximal knee torques were significantly reduced in patients with primary and secondary ACL ruptures before surgical reconstruction for the non-injured and injured leg as compared to healthy controls. Further investigations are needed to assess strength abilities before and after a second revision within a prospective design.
The red flour beetle T. castaneum: elaborate genetic toolkit and unbiased large scale RNAi screening to study insect biology and evolution
Authors: Klingler Martin , Bucher Gregor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has emerged as an important insect model system for a variety of topics. With respect to studying gene function, it is second only to the vinegar fly D. melanogaster. The RNAi response in T. castaneum is exceptionally strong and systemic, and it appears to target all cell types and processes. Uniquely for emerging model organisms, T. castaneum offers the opportunity of performing time- and cost-efficient large-scale RNAi screening, based on commercially available dsRNAs targeting all genes, which are simply injected into the body cavity. Well established transgenic and genome editing approaches are met by ease of husbandry and a relatively short generation time. Consequently, a number of transgenic tools like UAS/Gal4, Cre/Lox, imaging lines and enhancer trap lines are already available. T. castaneum has been a genetic experimental system for decades and now has become a workhorse for molecular and reverse genetics as well as in vivo imaging. Many aspects of development and general biology are more insect-typical in this beetle compared to D. melanogaster. Thus, studying beetle orthologs of well-described fly genes has allowed macro-evolutionary comparisons in developmental processes such as axis formation, body segmentation, and appendage, head and brain development. Transgenic approaches have opened new ways for in vivo imaging. Moreover, this emerging model system is the first choice for research on processes that are not represented in the fly, or are difficult to study there, e.g. extraembryonic tissues, cryptonephridial organs, stink gland function, or dsRNA-based pesticides.
Development of a particle swarm optimization-backpropagation artificial neural network model and effects of age and gender on pharmacokinetics study of omeprazole enteric-coated tablets in Chinese population
Authors: Xu Yichao , Chen Jinliang , Yang Dandan , Hu Yin , Jiang Bo , Ruan Zourong , Lou Honggang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of age and gender were explored on pharmacokinetics study of omeprazole enteric-coated tablets in Chinese population and a plasma concentration prediction model was developed. All the data (demographic characteristics and results of clinical laboratory tests) were collected from healthy Chinese subjects in pharmacokinetics study using 20 mg omeprazole enteric-coated tablets. A noncompartmental method was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters, and 47 subjects were divided into two groups based on the calculation of the median age. Pharmacokinetic data from the low-age and high-age groups or male and female groups were compared by Student t-test. After a total of 12 variables were reconstruct and convert into independent or irrelative variables by principal component analysis, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to construct a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) model.ResultThe model was fully validated and used to predict the plasma concentration in Chinese population. It was noticed that the Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞and t1/2values have significant differences when omeprazole was administered by low-age groups or high-age groups while there were slight or no significant differences of pharmacokinetic data were found between male and female subjects. The PSO-BPANN model was fully validated and there was 0.000355 for MSE, 0.000133 for the magnitude of the gradient, 50 for the number of validation checks. The correlation coefficient of training, validation, test groups were 0.949, 0.903 and 0.874.ConclusionIt is necessary to pay attention to the age and gender effects on omeprazole and PSO-BPANN model could be used to predict omeprazole concentration in Chinese subjects to minimize the associated morbidity and mortality with peptic ulcer.Trial registrationThe study was registered in China Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Publicity Platform (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn), the registration number was CTR20170876, and the full date of registration was 04/AUG/2017.
The self-reference effect as a behavioral indicator of identity disturbances associated with borderline personality features in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Maffly-Kipp Joseph , McCredie Morgan N. , Morey Leslie C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentity disturbances are a common feature of personality pathology and BPD. The Self-Reference Effect paradigm is a method used to measure the impact of self-relevant processing on encoding/memory, whereby self-relevant information is typically advantaged in cognitive processes. We postulated that difficulties with identity might impede the process by which one encodes self-relevant information. Based on this reasoning, we predicted that high levels of identity disturbance could be associated with atypical impact of the SRE.MethodsUndergraduate participants were randomized into one of three groups where they were exposed to 60 trait adjectives for seven seconds each. Depending on condition, participants either indicated whether a word was/wasn’t capitalized (Capitalization condition), whether it was a good synonym for “openness” (Synonyms condition), or whether it described them as a person (Self-reference condition). After a brief delay, all participants were asked to recall as many of the 60 words as possible. Finally, we measured identity disturbance using the Borderline Features–Identity Problems (BOR-I) scale from the Personality Assessment Inventory.ResultsWe found significant but modest correlations between Recall and scores on the BOR-I subscale in the Self-Reference condition, but not the two control conditions. Contrary to expectations, the interaction between BOR-I and Condition was not a significant predictor of Recall, suggesting that identity disturbance did not significantly moderate the SRE.ConclusionsWhile our primary hypothesis was not supported, there is a need for multimethod approaches to studying personality pathology. Future research should continue to examine the extent to which behavioral paradigms like the SRE might be useful indicators of identity disturbance/personality pathology, with an emphasis on the use of clinical populations.
Barriers and facilitators to insulin treatment: a phenomenological inquiry
Authors: Bayked Ewunetie Mekashaw , Kahissay Mesfin Haile , Workneh Birhanu Demeke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite being the most effective treatment for advanced type 2 diabetes, the choice to start and maintain insulin therapy is based on a variety of criteria, including the patients' acceptance and willingness to adhere to it. The patients' beliefs and experiences, on the other hand, could not be revealed without a thorough exploration.

Objectives
This study investigated the barriers and facilitators to insulin treatment from the perspectives of patients with type 2 diabetes following treatment at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-East Ethiopia.

Methods
A phenomenological study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020. Twenty-four (11 males and 13 females) participants were recruited purposively. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews, lasted about 23 to 71 min, until theoretical saturation was reached, and then organized using QDA Miner Lite v2.0.9. The transcripts were thematically analyzed using narrative strategies and the themes that arose were discussed in detail.

Results
The most common facilitator of insulin treatment was its relative effectiveness, which was followed by its convenience (fewer gastrointestinal side effects, small needle size and ease of use), the concept of it is life, faith in doctors' decisions, family support, and health insurance membership. The most common impediments, on the other hand, were market failures (expensiveness and supply shortages), followed by its properties and patients' circumstances.

Conclusions
Market failures due to supply shortages and associated costs were identified to be the most significant barriers to insulin treatment, necessitating the availability of an effective pharmaceutical supply management strategy that targets on insulin supply and affordability. It is also strongly recommended that health insurance coverage be increased.
Cardiovascular adverse events in oncology trials: understanding and appreciating the differences between clinical trial data and real-world reports
Authors: Ewer Michael S. , Herson Jay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReports of cardiac adverse events from oncology clinical trials often are at variance with reports derived from clinical observations or data-base reviews. These differences may lead to confusion, as different levels of risks abound in the literature, and the true cardiac risk of using some agents is uncertain. Additionally, such discrepancies may lead to the creation of over-cautious surveillance algorithms. Reasons for these reported differences are complex and often reflect subtleties in the criteria for individual patient evaluation. Both clinical trial data and real-world data have potential flaws that make reconciliation problematic. Importantly, however, both provide crucial information regarding the risk of adverse events. Major factors contribute to these differences including different tools used to diagnose events, and how those tools are interpreted. Additionally, differences in the populations of clinical trial participants and real-world populations play a crucial role. This paper looks at these differences and provides a perspective intended to help clinicians interpret reported variations in event rates derived from highly scrutinized clinical trials and broader real-world data.
Infectious disease surveillance system in Pakistan: challenges and way forward
Authors: Shaikh Taha Gul , Waseem Summaiyya , Ahmed Syed Hassan , Swed Sarya , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfectious Disease Surveillance (IDS) in the community is essential to prevent, control, and detect outbreaks. A strong surveillance system is a need of time for low to middle-income countries like Pakistan where around half of the reported deaths are due to infections that can be easily prevented in the presence of a surveillance system. Although Pakistan has IDS which monitors and collects the data on several infectious diseases, the system is unreliable, inadequate, and substandard. As a result, dengue, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis B and C, and many other infectious diseases are still prevalent in Pakistan and unfortunately, the numbers are still rising. In this commentary, we have tried to highlight the problems the country is facing to establish a proper and self-sustainable surveillance system and have recommended some steps the relevant stakeholders should consider taking to make healthcare better in Pakistan.
Trend, multivariate decomposition and spatial variations of unintended pregnancy among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: evidence from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Aragaw Fantu Mamo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The magnitude of unintended pregnancy is unacceptably high and more than half of it end up with abortions. This may limit lower and middle-income countries to achieve the sustainable development goal targets of reduction of neonatal and maternal mortalities. Evidence on trends and spatial distribution of unintended pregnancy is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trend, multivariate decomposition, and spatial variations of unintended pregnancy among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016.

Methods
Ethiopian Demographic and Health Data of 2000 to 2016 were used. A total weighted sample of 30,780 reproductive-age women participated. A multivariate decomposition analysis was employed to identify factors contributing to the change in the rate of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia for 20 years from (1996 to 2016). The concentration index and graph were used to assess wealth-related inequalities, whereas spatial analysis was done to identify the hotspot of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia.

Results
The 20-year trend analysis showed that the magnitude of unintended pregnancy among reproductive-age women decreased by 13.19 percentage points (from 39.76% in 2000 to 26.57% in 2016 EDHS). About 84.97% of the overall decrement was due to the difference in coefficient of the variables, whereas the remaining 15.03% was due to the difference in composition of the respondent. The differences in coefficient of the variables were decomposed by living metropolitan cities, having previous terminated pregnancy, and not having exposure to media; whereas, the change due to the composition, was expressed by having a household size of 1–3, living in metropolitan cities, being multipara and grand para, being unmarried and having no terminated pregnancy. Moreover, unintended pregnancies were more clustered in Addis Ababa and disproportionately concentrated in the poor groups.

Conclusions
In Ethiopia, a substantial decrement in unintended pregnancy was observed in the past decade. More than four-fifths of this overall decrement was due to the difference in the coefficient of the variables. There was spatial clustering of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia. A program intervention is needed for high-risk regions such as Addis Ababa. Health education and media campaign should perform for high-risk women such as those having terminated pregnancy, and professing Islam faith.
Morphological and molecular identification of the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum and its virulence against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae and pupae
Authors: Bali Gurmeet Kour , Singh Sanjay K. , Maurya Deepak Kumar , Wani Fehim Jeelani , Pandit Radhakrishnan Sitaram 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious pest of solanaceous plant species, mainly Solanum lycopersicum L. The entomopathogenic fungi, an alternative to chemical insecticides, proved to be an efficient biocontrol agent in reducing pest population density. In the present study, an entomopathogenic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum isolated from soil was identified based on the morphological and molecular characteristics and its pathogenicity was tested against target pest.

Results
The micromorphological characters showed variations in growth pattern, shape and colour on different cultural media. For molecular analysis, a phylogenetic tree based on ITS/LSU and ITS/β-tubulin (benA) gene regions was constructed which revealed the isolate (FC18) as P. lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones and Samson (Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae). Further, the pathogenicity of P. lilacinum was tested using different spore concentrations (1 × 108, 1 × 107, 1 × 106, 1 × 105 and 1 × 104 spores/ml) on larval and pupal stages of T. absoluta, which showed a dose-dependent mortality. At the highest concentration (1 × 108 spores/ml), the mean mortality of 92.99, 83.05, 72.0% of second, third and fourth instar was observed, respectively. Pupal mortality also showed significant differences at different spore concentrations.

Conclusion
Obtained results showed that the virulence of the indigenous strain of P. lilacinum on T. absoluta can be utilized in the field suppression of the pest as a potent biocontrol agent.
MicroRNA 21as a novel biomarker in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hussein Maha Assem , Radwan Amal Fathy Mohammed , Fawzi May Mohsen , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Saad Eman Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most common cancers occurring in human population all over the world. It became an increasingly threatening malignancy due to both morbidity and mortality. Chronic viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C are two risk factors, which account for 80–90% of all HCC cases worldwide. Alfa Feto protien is used as a tumor marker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis prediction; however, its false negative rate when used alone is as high as 40% for patients with early-stage HCC. AFP levels remain normal in 15–30% of all the patients, even patients with advanced HCC. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs (MicroRNAs) are an important class of non-coding RNAs. They act as tumor oncogenes or suppressors and are involved in the HCC development. MiRNAs are endogenous nucleotides that can be found in intra- and extracellular spaces, such as the blood, urine, and saliva.
The study evaluated the miRNA 21 as a novel biomarker in patients with HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Results
The study was conducted on three groups. Group (1) included 25 patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus infection. Group (2) included 25 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on top of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus infection. Group (3) included 10 normal control subjects. There was a significant difference in the mean level of miRNA between the three groups with p value < 0.001 with the highest value in group 2 ( 8.28 ± 2.55), then in group1 (5.04 ± 2.11) and the lowest in group 3 (control) (1.02 ± 0.07). MiRNA 21 has a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 96%, to differentiate between the liver cirrhosis group and HCC group.

Conclusion
miRNA 21 can be a promising marker for detection of patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, with higher specificity compared to α feto protein; however, its cost is higher.
A new mechanism of fibronectin fibril assembly revealed by live imaging and super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Tomer Darshika , Arriagada Cecilia , Munshi Sudipto , Alexander Brianna E. , French Brenda , Vedula Pavan , Caorsi Valentina , House Andrew , Guvendiren Murat , Kashina Anna , Schwarzbauer Jean E. , Astrof Sophie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Fibronectin (Fn1) fibrils have long been viewed as continuous fibers composed of extended, periodically aligned Fn1 molecules. However, our live-imaging and single-molecule localization microscopy data are inconsistent with this traditional view and show that Fn1 fibrils are composed of roughly spherical nanodomains containing six to eleven Fn1 dimers. As they move toward the cell center, Fn1 nanodomains become organized into linear arrays, in which nanodomains are spaced with an average periodicity of 105±17 nm. Periodical Fn1 nanodomain arrays can be visualized between cells in culture and within tissues; they are resistant to deoxycholate treatment and retain nanodomain periodicity in the absence of cells. The nanodomain periodicity in fibrils remained constant when probed with antibodies recognizing distinct Fn1 epitopes or combinations of antibodies recognizing epitopes spanning the length of Fn1. Treatment with FUD, a peptide that binds the Fn1 N-terminus and disrupts Fn1 fibrillogenesis, blocked the organization of Fn1 nanodomains into periodical arrays. These studies establish a new paradigm of Fn1 fibrillogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Divergence of climbing escape flight performance inMorphobutterflies living in different microhabitats
Authors: Le Roy Camille , Silva Nicolas , Godoy-Diana Ramiro , Debat Vincent , Llaurens Violaine , Muijres Florian Titus 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTHabitat specialization can influence the evolution of animal movement in promoting divergent locomotor abilities adapted to contrasting environmental conditions, differences in vegetation clutter or predatory communities. While the effect of habitat on the evolution of locomotion and particularly escape performance has been well investigated in terrestrial animals, it remains understudied in flying animals. Here, we investigated whether specialization of Morpho butterfly species into different vertical strata of the Amazonian forest affects the performance of upward escape flight manoeuvres. Using stereoscopic high-speed videography, we compared the climbing flight kinematics of seven Morpho species living either in the forest canopy or in the understory. We show that butterflies from canopy species display strikingly higher climbing speed and steeper ascent angle compared with understory species. Although climbing speed increased with wing speed and angle of attack, the higher climb angle observed in canopy species was best explained by their higher body pitch angle, resulting in more upward-directed aerodynamic thrust forces. Climb angle also scales positively with weight-normalized wing area, and this weight-normalized wing area was higher in canopy species. This shows that a combined divergence in flight behaviour and morphology contributes to the evolution of increased climbing flight abilities in canopy species.