bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a three-phase prospective study to develop educational resource of antimicrobial resistance and stewardship for medical programme
Authors: Dhaliwal Jagjit Singh , Mohamad Yusra Muhammad Adi Marhain , Muharram Siti Hanna , Akkawi Muhammad Eid , Hussain Zahid , Rahman Hanif , Kok Yuh Yen , Dhaliwal Sachinjeet Kaur Sodhi , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the critical medical issues of the 21st century. Medical professionals are the primary prescribers of antimicrobials; their undergraduate education of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is considered one of the fundamental approaches in combating the issue of AMR. This education level provides a platform to bridge any gaps in their knowledge and competency in AMS. This study aims to develop an educational resource on microbes, hygiene and prudent antimicrobial use for the undergraduate medical programme. The guideline produced will then be assimilated into the existing curriculum which will help to improve the quality of education which in turn will improve rationale as the use of antimicrobials in the future.Methods and analysisA three-step approach consensus approach will be adopted for this study for the development of a validated medical curriculum guideline on AMR. A preliminary curriculum for the programme will be drafted from reviews of published literature including syllabi as well as national and international guidelines. A total of 26 potential sources were found to be relevant, and selected for this study. Subsequently, the drafted curriculum will be subjected for validation via online surveys by various infectious disease experts. Finally, a Delphi technique will be employed to obtain consensus on heterogeneous findings to the revised curriculum. The quantitative and qualitative responses will be analysed and discussed among the panel of researchers.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the Institute of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Brunei Darussalam (Reference: UBD/PAPRSBIHSREC/2020/124). Informed consent declaration will be collected prior to data collections as indication of agreement of participation in the study. Results will be made available to medical educators and also researchers on AMR and stewardship. The results also will be disseminated at feedback sessions to officers at Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Brunei Darussalam.
Parents’ vaccination information seeking, satisfaction with and trust in medical providers in Switzerland: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Ebi Selina Jana , Deml Michael J , Jafflin Kristen , Buhl Andrea , Engel Rebecca , Picker Julia , Häusler Julia , Wingeier Bernhard , Krüerke Daniel , Huber Benedikt M , Merten Sonja , Tarr Philip E 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to better understand parental trust in and satisfaction with information sources and medical providers regarding decision making about childhood vaccines.SettingThe study was part of a Swiss national research programme investigating vaccine hesitancy and underimmunisation.ParticipantsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 37 providers and 30 parents, observed 34 vaccination consultations, and then conducted quantitative surveys with 130 providers (both complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) oriented and biomedically oriented) and 1390 parents.Main outcome measuresParticipants’ vaccination information sources used in their decision-making process, parents’ trust in and satisfaction with these sources and providers.ResultsBased on the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines scale, we considered 501 parents as vaccine-hesitant (VH) and 889 parents as non-VH. Whereas both groups mentioned providers as the most trusted source of information, VH-parents were less likely to mention paediatricians (N=358 (71%) vs N=755 (85%)) and public health authorities (N=101 (20%) vs N=333 (37%)) than non-VH-parents. VH-parents were more likely to have consulted another provider (N=196 (39%) vs N=173 (19%)) than non-VH-parents, to express less satisfaction with both their primary (N=342 (82%) vs N=586 (91%)) and other providers (N=82 (42%) vs N=142 (82%)) and less trust in their primary (N=368 (88%) vs N=632 (98%)) and other providers (N=108 (55%) vs N=146 (84%)). VH-parents were less likely to be satisfied with their biomedical primary provider than non-VH-parents (100 (69%) vs 467 (91%)). However, when the primary provider was CAM-oriented, there were similar levels of satisfaction among both groups (237 (89%) VH-parents vs 118 (89%) non-VH-parents). All differences were significant (p<0.05).ConclusionsWhile the provider remains the main information source, VH parents turn to additional sources and providers, which is likely related to VH parents being rather dissatisfied with and distrusting in obtained information and their provider.EthicsThe local ethics committee (Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz, EKNZ; project ID number 2017-00725) approved the study.
Prospective, population-based study of occupational movements and postures of the neck as risk factors for cervical disc herniation
Authors: Petersen Jonathan Aavang , Brauer Charlotte , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Lund Christina Bach , Thomsen Jane Frølund 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe studied the associations between objectively measured occupational neck exposures in a job exposure matrix (JEM) and cervical disc herniation (CDH).DesignA cohort study of Danish workers who ever held at least one of 29 jobs (eg, dentists, hairdressers, childcare, carpenters) from 1981 to 2016 was formed. Representative whole work-day inclinometric measurements from previous studies using triaxial accelerometers measuring neck angular velocity and posture of the neck were used as exposure in a JEM. Job titles were retrieved from the Danish Occupational Cohort with eXposure data database. The risk of CDH by quintiles of cumulated exposure was assessed by incidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusted for age, sex, calendar-year, previous lumbar disc herniation and educational level, using Poisson regression models.SettingNationwide Danish registers.Participants852 625 Danish workers within 29 different job-titles.Outcome measuresFirst diagnosis of CDH was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register.ResultsWe found 14 000 cases of CDH during 20.2 million person-years of follow-up. Increasing levels of neck angular velocity showed a decreasing risk with IRR 0.90 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.95) when the highest level of cumulative exposure (dynamic work) was compared with the lowest (static work). Similar results were found for extension and flexion of the neck, though not statistically significant for extension. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not change the results.ConclusionIn this large register-based study based on a JEM, we found no evidence of an increased risk of CDH with increasing cumulated angular velocity, flexion or extension of the neck. Factors other than occupational dynamic neck movements and bent neck position seem to be important in the development of CDH.
Using cluster analysis to describe phenotypical heterogeneity in extremely preterm infants: a retrospective whole-population study
Authors: Dassios Theodore , Williams Emma E , Harris Christopher , Greenough Anne 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo use cluster analysis to identify discrete phenotypic groups of extremely preterm infants.DesignSecondary analysis of a retrospective whole population study.SettingAll neonatal units in England between 2014 and 2019.ParticipantsInfants live-born at less than 28 weeks of gestation and admitted to a neonatal unit.InterventionsK-means cluster analysis was performed with the gestational age, Apgar score at 5 min and duration of mechanical ventilation as input variables.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBronchopulmonary dysplasia, discharge on home oxygen, intraventricular haemorrhage, death before discharge from neonatal care.ResultsTen thousand one hundred and ninety-seven infants (53% male) were classified into four clusters: Cluster 1 contained infants with intermediate gestation and duration of ventilation and had an intermediate mortality and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cluster 2 contained infants with the highest gestation, a shorter duration of ventilation and the lowest mortality. Cluster 3 contained infants with the lowest Apgar score and highest mortality and incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage. Cluster 4 contained infants with the lowest gestation, longest duration of ventilation and highest incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.ConclusionClinical parameters can classify extremely preterm infants into discrete phenotypic groups with differing subsequent neonatal outcomes.
Prognostic stratification of older patients with multivessel coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty based on clinical and biochemical measures: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Carmona-Segovia Ada del Mar , Doncel-Abad María Victoria , Becerra-Muñoz Víctor M , Rodríguez-Capitán Jorge , Sabatel-Pérez Fernando , Flores-López María , Sánchez-Quintero María José , Medina-Vera Dina , Molina-Ramos Ana Isabel , El Bekay Rajaa , Morales-Asencio José Miguel , Angullo-Gómez María , García-Rodríguez Luis , Palma-Martí Lucía , Pavón-Morón Francisco Javier , Jiménez-Navarro Manuel F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe incidence of acute coronary syndrome is rising in step with the growth of life expectancy. An increase in the age of patients with coronary artery disease has been related to in-hospital mortality, which has seen an upsurge over a short period of time. However, there is no consensus about the percutaneous coronary angioplasty strategy to follow for older patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD). Complete revascularisation (CR) or incomplete revascularisation (ICR) strategy depends on prognosis but this has not yet been accurately described because of geriatric conditions and comorbidities. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes of clinical and biochemical parameters in older patients with MVCAD undergoing revascularisation and to establish a prognostic stratification model for CR and ICR.Methods and analysisThis observational, longitudinal, prospective study will include 150 patients with MVCAD and subsequent revascularisation who attend the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga, Spain). Because of the dropout rates, 180 patients will be recruited at the beginning. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and angiographic parameters, and biochemical variables, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, stress oxidative biomarkers, will be collected in the admission for coronary revascularisation and three follow-ups at 6, 12 and 18 months. Statistical analyses will be conducted with these data using CR and ICR as the primary exposure variable. Relevant explanatory variables will be selected from a predictive model for their inclusion in a prognostic stratification model. The primary outcome measures will be major adverse cardiovascular events.Ethics and disseminationProtocols and patient information have been approved by the regional research ethics committee (CEIm Provincial de Málaga-PEIBA (PI0131/2020). The results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences in Cardiology and Gerontology, and sent to participants, medical and health service managers, clinicians and other researchers.
Immune checkpoint silencing using RNAi-incorporated nanoparticles enhances antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy compared with antibody-based approaches
Authors: Won Ji Eun , Byeon Youngseon , Wi Tae In , Lee Chan Mi , Lee Ju Hyeong , Kang Tae Heung , Lee Jeong-Won , Lee YoungJoo , Park Yeong-Min , Han Hee Dong 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCytotoxic CD8+T cell-based cancer immunotherapy has been extensively studied and applied, however, tumor cells are known to evade immune responses through the expression of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). To overcome these issues, antibody-based immune checkpoint blockades (eg, antiprogrammed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-PD-L1) have been revolutionized to improve immune responses. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited to 15%–20% of the overall objective response rate. Moreover, PD-L1 is secreted from tumor cells, which can interrupt antibody-mediated immune reactions in the tumor microenvironment.MethodsWe developed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) encapsulating PD-L1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and PD-1 siRNA, as a delivery platform to silence immune checkpoints. This study used the TC-1 and EG7 tumor models to determine the potential therapeutic efficacy of the PLGA (PD-L1 siRNA+PD-1 siRNA)-NPs, on administration twice per week for 4 weeks. Moreover, we observed combination effect of PLGA (PD-L1 siRNA+PD-1 siRNA)-NPs and PLGA (antigen+adjuvant)-NPs using TC-1 and EG7 tumor-bearing mouse models.ResultsPLGA (PD-L1 siRNA+PD-1 siRNA)-NPs boosted the host immune reaction by restoring CD8+T cell function and promoting cytotoxic CD8+T cell responses. We demonstrated that the combination of NP-based therapeutic vaccine and PLGA (siRNA)-NPs resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with the control and antibody-based treatments (p<0.001). The proposed system significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the antibody-based approaches.ConclusionOur findings suggest a potential combination approach for cancer immunotherapy using PLGA (PD-L1 siRNA+PD-1 siRNA)-NPs and PLGA (antigen+adjuvant)-NPs as novel immune checkpoint silencing agents.
Facile synthesis of MgCo2O4 nanosheets and its catalysis effect on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Gao Xia , Deng Peng , Han Kehua , Cao Yu 
Published: February 2022

The catalysis effects of MgCo2O4 nanosheets on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated. The MgCo2O4 nanosheets were synthesized with a facile free-template hydrothermal method. The chemical structure and micromorphology of MgCo2O4 nanosheets were characterized. Moreover, the catalysis thermal decomposition properties of AP using composite metal oxides MgCo2O4 nanosheets with different amounts (1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%) as catalysts were investigated. The results showed that the reducing decomposition temperature of AP was 155.9 °C from 431 °C to 275.1 °C with 5 wt% MgCo2O4 added. The heat release of AP was increased by 907 J/g at least. In addition, the catalysis thermal decomposition mechanism of AP with the existence of MgCo2O4 nanosheets was explained. With the increasing temperature, the accumulated electrons (e–) and holes (h+) excited were activated at the surface of MgCo2O4 nanosheets, which accelerated H transfer from H atom of NH4+ to O atom of ClO4– and boosted AP decomposition.
Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Yoba Fermentation on Physicochemical Properties, Amino Acids, and Antioxidant Activity of Cowpea-Peanut Milk
Authors: Chawafambira Armistice , Jombo Talknice Zvamaziva , Mkungunugwa Tafadzwa 
Published: February 2022

The global renewed interest in plant-based milk and products is increasing amongst health-conscious consumers. There is increased utilisation of generic probiotics in the processing of legume milk as alternatives to dairy milk are scarce in Africa. This study evaluated the probiotic potential, physicochemical, and sensory properties of novel fermented cowpea-peanut milk with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Yoba. A 3 × 1 factorial design as ratio of cowpea-peanut milk (1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1v/v) and the application of 2% w/v L. rhamnosus Yoba obtained from Yoba for Life Foundation, Netherlands, was used. The chemical and mineral contents of the fermented cowpea-peanut milk was analysed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Quality parameters such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rate, total antioxidant activity, antinutrient, and amino acids content were determined. The fermented cowpea-peanut milk samples had 7.7–8.1 log CFU/mL viable L. rhamnosus Yoba cells after fermentation. Nutrient content range was given in g/100 g: carbohydrate 5.18–6.05, crude fat 3.3–3.5, crude protein 5.6–7.1, ash 1.04–1.26, crude fibre 0.72–1.18, and total reducing sugars 1.80–2.20. Lysine, leucine, and methionine content was 6.30–7.31, 6.60–8.75, and 1.7–1.86 g/100 g, respectively. Phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor content range was 0.3–0.34 mg/100 g and 0.86–1.12 TIU/mg, respectively. Iron and potassium content (mg/100 g) was 0.48–0.58 and 202–243 with pH 4.1–4.2. DPPH free radical scavenging, and total antioxidant rate was 56–59% and 49–54%, respectively. Physicochemical parameters were significantly different (

p

< 0.05). The fermented cowpea-peanut milk had an acceptance rating of 78%. The successful application and consumer acceptability of the fermented cowpea-peanut milk has the potential to increase the utilisation of these legumes and enhance their market value.
Поліморфізм екзофітних форм папіломавірусної інфекції у хворих на гострокінцеві кондиломи аногенітальної ділянки
Authors: Слєпічко А. М. , Дейкало І. М. 
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: визначення патоморфологічних особливостей і клінічних форм вірусу папіломи людини у хворих на гострокінцеві кондиломи аногенітальної ділянки.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено та надано хірургічну допомогу 105 хворим на гострокінцеві кондиломи аногенітальної ділянки: 63 (60 %) жінки та 42 (40 %) чоловіки. Кондиломи висікали методом електрокоагуляції з використанням апарата BOWA (Німеччина) з обов’язковою гістологічною верифікацією видалених тканин. Вперше зверталися до лікаря 67 (63,81 %) хворих. Серед 38 (36,19 %) хворих із рецидивами захворювання 26 (68,42 %) раніше проходили деструктивну терапію, 12 (31,58 %) – противірусну та деструктивну. Усі хворі не вакциновані проти вірусу папіломи людини.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Серед обстежених хворих поодинокі гострокінцеві кондиломи діагностовано у 36 (34,29 %), множинні – у 66 (62,86 %), кондиломи Бушке – Левенштейна – у 3 (2,86 %). У 77 (73,33 %) хворих спостерігали поєднання гострокінцевих кондилом аногенітальної ділянки з іншими вегетативними формами вірусу папіломи людини, які розташовувались в аногенітальній та інших частинах тіла, що свідчить про інфікування декількома типами вірусу папіломи людини. Поєднання вірусу папіломи людини, бактеріальної та грибкової контамінації встановлено у 62 (59,05 %) випадках, що сприяло реалізації альтеративного запального процесу та підвищувало вірогідність ускладнень в перебігу післяопераційного періоду. При гістологічному дослідженні спостерігали койлоцити – великі світлі (майже білі) балоноподібні клітини, що є резервуаром вірусу папіломи людини, гіперкератоз, дискаріоз та гіперхроматоз ядер.
Ультразвуковий скринінг гострого апендициту у вагітних
Authors: Стець М. М. , Войтюк Н. В. , Черненко В. М. , Фіночко В. В. 
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: профілактика передчасних родорозрішень шляхом удосконалення методів діагностики з використанням ультразвукового скринінгу та вибору хірургічної тактики у вагітних з гострою хірургічною патологією залежно від результатів скринінгу.
Матеріали і методи. проведено ретроспективний огляд історій хвороби та амбулаторних карт пацієнтів із підозрою на гостру хірургічну патологію органів черевної порожнини у КНП «Київська міська клінічна лікарня № 1» з 2016 року до 2021 р.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Всім вагітним проводили необхідні клініко-лабораторні та інструментальні методи дослідження відповідно до оновлених клінічних протоколів надання хірургічної допомоги вагітним. В окремих випадках було виконано магнітно-резонансну діагностику та комп’ютерну томографію для деталізації поширення патологічного процесу та відповідно вибору методу операційного втручання.
Особливості клінічної картини ГА зумовлені анатомо-фізіологічними особливостями вагітних жінок. Із збільшенням терміну гестації ми спостерігали більш виражену зміну клінічних проявів ГА з більш стрімким перебігом захворювання. Певне значення в діагностиці ГА у вагітних мають показники лабораторних досліджень. Лейкоцитоз, нейтрофільний зсув лейкоцитарної формули вліво, лімфоцитопенія свідчать на користь апендициту.
Токолітичну терапію використовували як при передопераційній підготовці, так і інтраопераційно, що суттєво впливає на профілактику передчасних пологів та ускладнень вагітності.
Післяопераційних ускладнень у даній популяції не спостерігали.
Деталізація діагнозу у вагітних із гострою хірургічною патологією за допомогою новітніх методів діагностики дала можливість вибору тактики та методології хірургічного лікування. Ультразвукове сканування є високочутливим та специфічним у 71 % вагітних при гострому апендициті.
Впровадження мініінвазивних методів дало можливість скоротити кількість перебування вагітних у стаціонарі та використання їх в ІІІ триместрі вагітності (8 % від загальної кількості оперованих).
Mountain Waves Produced by a Stratified Shear Flow with a Boundary Layer. Part III: Trapped Lee Waves and Horizontal Momentum Transport
Authors: Soufflet Clément , Lott François , Deremble Bruno 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The boundary layer theory for nonhydrostatic mountain waves presented in Part II is extended to include upward-propagating gravity waves and trapped lee waves. To do so, the background wind with constant shear used in Part II is smoothly curved and becomes constant above a “boundary layer” height d, which is much larger than the inner layer scale δ. As in Part II, the pressure drag stays well predicted by a gravity wave drag when the surface Richardson number J > 1 and by a form drag due to nonseparated sheltering when J < 1. As in Part II also, the sign of the Reynolds stress is predominantly positive in the near-neutral case (J < 1) and negative in the stable case (J > 1) but situations characterized by positive and negative Reynolds stress now combine when J ∼ 1. In the latter case, and even when dissipation produces positive stress in the lower part of the inner layer, a property we associated with nonseparated sheltering in Part II, negative stresses are quite systematically found aloft. These negative stresses are due to upward-propagating waves and trapped lee waves, the first being associated with negative vertical flux of pseudomomentum aloft the inner layer, the second to negative horizontal flux of pseudomomentum downstream the obstacle. These results suggest that the significance of mountain waves for the large-scale flow is more substantial than expected and when compared to the form drag due to nonseparated sheltering.