bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Heart Failure among the Patients Suffering from Hypertension Attending a Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Bandeshah Akhtar Ali , Ali Imran , Anwar Aftab , Khan Fahad Amir , Makhdoom Usama , Javed Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the risk factors of heart failure (HF) in the hypertensive cases attending the cardiology unit of tertiary care Hospital.
Methods: This Case-Control study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2021 at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. One hundred (100) patients of sex - and age -matched pairs were included in the study. Adults clinically diagnosed as cases of Hypertensive heart failure (HF) and individuals having systemic hypertension but no HF (controls) were included in the study. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by the questioner. Assessment of the study variables was done and the data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of one hundred (100) cases and 100 cases as controls were studied. The average age of the study subjects (cases) was 38.4±9.28 years and 38.35±9.04 years of controls. Males were in majority in both groups. Obesity, renal impairment and hypertension in the first degree relative were higher in the hypertensive heart failure in contrast to controls. Average proteinuria and serum creatinine level were higher among study subjects compared to controls (p-<0.05). Medication adherences were considerably higher among the subjects in the control group than in the subjects of case group. Hypertension control group members were more inclined to eat vegetables and fruits on a daily basis, whereas no significant difference was found in the consumption of the salt between the cases and controls. History of anti-hypertensive drugs intake, lower intake of vegetables and fruits, and medication adherence represented the highest levels amongst the risk factors.
Conclusion: In the conclusion of current study, the particular lifestyle, poor dietary habits, medication adherence, and lack of exercise were observed to be the commonest risk factors of heart failure. Awareness programs should be expanded in general and specialty health care settings.
Effect of Fenugreek on Lactation among Postnatal Women’s of Selected Hospital at Vadodara
Authors: Rathwa R. Chhayankben , Kumary T. Vinaya 
Published: February 2022

Background of the Study: Breast feeding is the pleasant vitamins for infants. Most of the postnatal moms face the trouble of inadequate breast milk which influences the wellness of an infant. Hence the researcher had taken up this study, used fenugreek among the postnatal mother who has insufficient breast milk secretionas an effective way to boost the production of breast milk.
Methods: A quantitative research approach with experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used to assess effect of fenugreek on lactation among postnatal woman. The study was conducted among 60 postnatal mothers in a selected hospital, Vadodara.
Results: The present study revealed that in experimental group in pre-test, majority 25(83.3%) had insufficient lactation and only 5(16.7%) had sufficient lactation while in post-test 20(66.7%) had sufficient lactation and 10(33.3%) had insufficient lactation. The impact of fenugreek on lactation amongst experimental group turned into examined through the usage of paired t test with obtained t value (t=8.348, df=29, p=0.001) turned into statistically highly significant at p<0.05 level of significance. The post-test lactation revealed that in control group mean score was 22.97±3.755 and in experimental group mean score was 30.03±5.334 with mean difference of 7.06 with obtained t value (t=5.934, df=58, p=0.001) was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. The association between pre interventions lactation of postnatal woman of experimental and control group with selected demographic variables such as age, educational status, occupational status, religion, residency, type of family and food habits were found statistically not significant at p<0.05 level with pre interventions lactation of postnatal woman of experimental and control group.
Conclusion: The overall effect of fenugreek on lactation among experimental group was tested by using paired t test with obtained t value (t=8.348, df=29, p=0.001) was statistically highly significant at p<0.05 level of significance. Study findings revealed that fenugreek was effective in promoting lactation of postnatal mothers in experimental group as compared to control group.
Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of Gonial Angle with Reference to Lingula in South Indian Mandibles
Authors: Venkatakarthikeswari G. V. , Mohanraj Karthik Ganesh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Gonial angle is located at the junction of lower border and posterior region of mandible. Lingula is a bony projection which provides attachment for sphenomandibular ligament and is superior to mandibular foramen. The purpose of this study was to research the gonial angle in reference to the position of the lingula helps to guide the oral surgeons to stop injury to inferior alveolar nerve and peripheral blood vessels during surgeries.
Materials and Methods: The distance from the gonial angle to the tip of the lingula and the gonial angle to the base of the lingula on both right and left sides of the mandible was measured using a protractor. The values are calculated from gonial angle with reference to lingula on both sides. The obtained values of both sides were correlated using descriptive statistical analysis and by applying paired t-test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study.
Results: The mean value for right gonial angle to base of lingula is 26.54 mm ± 3.30 mm and the left gonial angle to base of lingula is 25.59 ± 0.56 mm. The right gonial angle to lingula tip is 33.25 ± 2.65 and the left gonial angle to lingula tip is 32.83 ± 1.36mm. The mean gonial angle on the right side is 88.60° and on the left side it is 89.40°.
Conclusion: It was found that there was no correlation between the right and left side gonial angle to mandibular lingula since the mandibular angle, was measured within the group of unknown sex of dry human mandible.
Interphase Formed at Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/Li Interface Enables Cycle Stability for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Gao Zhonghui , Bai Yang , Fu Haoyu , Yang Jiayi , Ferber Thimo , Feng Junrun , Jaegermann Wolfram , Huang Yunhui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGarnet‐type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTaO) is considered a promising solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) for all‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs), but LLZTaO/Li interfacial issues limit their power density. The key question of whether LLZTaO does or does not form an interphase layer before and at the initial stage of electrochemical cycling remains debatable. An XPS interface approach, electrochemical cycling, and an electrochemically coupled phase field model to study the dynamic changes of interfacial resistance during cycling are utilized, and it is found that the generation rate of the interphase via electrochemical reaction processes at the LLZTaO/Li interface depends on the applied current density. For a Li/LLZTaO/Li cell, the impedance and overpotential increase gradually at the initial stage of electrochemical cycling at a current density of 0.1 mA cm–2 due to the formation of a passivating reaction zone (interphase) at LLZTaO/Li interface, which can protect the LLZTaO from being continuously reacted. With increasing the current density to 0.5 mA cm–2, the electrochemical reaction is suppressed and tied to uneven Li ion transport across the LLZTaO/Li interface on plating, leading to a short circuit of the cell. Understanding how interface dynamic transformations influence electrochemical degradation is helpful to stabilize these interfaces in SSBs.
Single Copolymer Chain‐Templated Synthesis of Ultrasmall Symmetric and Asymmetric Silica‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yi Chenglin , Dong Wenhao , Zheng Di , Yang Yiqun , Li Wei , Duan Xiaozheng , Yang Dong , Nie Zhihong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltrasmall silica‐based nanoparticles (SNPs) are attractive for application in many fields, but existing synthetic approaches show limited control over the size and morphology of these SNPs. This study describes a general single copolymer chain‐mediated strategy for the scalable synthesis of highly monodispersed symmetric and asymmetric SNPs with sub‐50 nm diameter. Random copolymers of poly(acrylic acid‐r‐styrene) intramolecularly collapse into ultrasmall single‐chain nanoparticles and serve as seeds to template the hydrolysis of silica precursors to produce uniform SNPs. It is shown in experiments and simulations that the composition and random architecture of the copolymers are crucial to the formation of ultrasmall seeds and the uniform deposition of silica. Furthermore, tailoring the architecture of copolymers can be used to produce ultrasmall asymmetric Janus‐like and dumbbell‐like SNPs with well‐defined polymer and silica domains. This study paves a new route to the scalable production of ultrasmall SNPs with tailored morphologies.
A High‐Efficiency Mo2C Electrocatalyst Promoting the Polysulfide Redox Kinetics for Na–S Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Yu Zuxi , Yao Yu , Jiang Yu , Rui Xianhong , Liu Jiaqin , Yu Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries, as promising next‐generation energy storage candidates, are drawing more and more attention due to the high energy density and abundant elements reserved in the earth. However, the native downsides of RT Na‐S batteries (i.e., enormous volume changes, the polysulfide shuttle, and the insulation and low reactivity of S) impede their further application. To conquer these challenges, hierarchical porous hollow carbon polyhedrons embedded with uniform Mo2C nanoparticles are designed deliberately as the host for S. The micro‐ and mesoporous hollow carbon indeed dramatically enhances the reactivity of the S cathodes and accommodates the volume changes. Meanwhile, the highly conductive dispersed Mo2C has a strong chemical adsorption to polysulfides and catalyzes the transformation of polysulfides, which can effectively inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides and accelerate the reaction kinetics. Thus, the as‐prepared S cathode can display a high reversible capacity (1098 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 120 cycles) and superior rate performance (483 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). This work provides a new method to boost the performance of RT Na–S batteries.
Interfacial Engineering Approach to Pattern Resilient Polymer Photonic Crystals with Temperature‐Responsive Optical Properties
Authors: Robertson Mark , Obando Alejandro Guillen , Qiang Zhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlanar, 1D photonic crystals (1D‐PCs) are stacks of alternating layers with different refractive indices, which can reflect specific wavelengths of light through the formation of a photonic bandgap. Typical systems for 1D‐PC fabrication possess relatively limited thermal and/or chemical stabilities and may require several steps for producing patterned features. Additionally, enabling stimuli‐responsive behaviors in 1D‐PCs are often achieved through relatively complex chemistries that might be difficult to scale‐up due to associated cost and energy consumption, presenting challenges toward their implementation in practical systems. Herein, through sequential depositions of phenolic resin (resol) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), two low‐cost chemical reagents which are broadly used in industry, bright 1D‐PCs are prepared with high thermal and chemical stability at long exposure times. Furthermore, spatial differences in the reflectance behavior of the 1D‐PCs and thus resulted patterns are demonstrated through a simple, generalizable interfacial engineering approach that controls the surface wettability of PVDF‐HFP layer. Stimuli‐responsive behavior is imparted into the 1D‐PC system by leveraging the semicrystalline nature of PVDF‐HFP to provide on‐demand switchable light‐reflecting behaviors upon exposure to elevated temperatures. Overall, this work demonstrates a simple and efficient technique to develop 1D‐PCs with excellent stability, ease of patterning, and thermoresponsive reflectance from low‐cost precursors, potentially enabling their broader use in a wide array of nanotechnological applications.
Light‐operated On‐chip Autonomous Vision Using Low‐dimensional Material Systems
Authors: Walia Sumeet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman‐brain inspired machine vision can revolutionise new technologies across sectors. Monolithic devices that are able to achieve image capture, processing, and storage with ultra‐low energy requirements can result in smart automation and enhance industrial output (both quality and quantity). This requires tapping into emerging novelties in materials physics, optical materials, and neuromorphic hardware. In this perspective, the author discusses the role of electrophotoactive low‐dimensional materials and how their unique intrinsic properties can be harnessed for futuristic machine vision systems in a major way. The author comments on some of the latest developments in 2D, 1D, and 0D material systems that have enabled smart devices and low‐energy neuromorphics. The perspective further critically assesses the challenges that the research community still needs to overcome and potential promising pathways to create miniaturized, highly efficient machine vision technologies that can transform healthcare, transport, and advanced manufacturing.
Simple Phenazine‐Based Compounds Realizing Superior Multicolored Emission
Authors: Xie Mingchen , Cai Jiaheng , Wang Xueqi , Shan Tong , Jung Sinyeong , Zhong Hongliang , Guo Xiaojun , Zhou Dongying , Li Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new family of phenazine‐based compounds is synthesized to achieve multicolored emission from deep blue (418 nm) to red (625 nm). Emitters have unique hybrid local and charge‐transfer excited states for S1, T1, T2, and even higher‐layer excited states, respectively, while all emitters possess thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) nature. The rigid structure of phenazine and steric hindrance of donors are sufficiently utilized to suppress the nonradiative consumption, manipulate the configurations of excited states, and regulate the luminescence color. Organic light‐emitting diodes exhibit superior multicolored emission with 10.74% external quantum efficiency. Employing such kind of simple‐structured and easily synthesized compounds to realize multicolored emission would provide a new strategy for designing high‐performance and multicolored TADF materials.
Universal Transparent Artificial Neural Network‐Based Fault Section Diagnosis Models for Power Systems
Authors: Xie Xuan , Xiong Guojiang , Chen Jun , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFault section diagnosis (FSD) is significant for the power system dispatching. Artificial neural network (ANN)‐based FSD method has strong fault tolerance but it looks like a black box and lacks the interpretability to the diagnosis outputs. In addition, when the topology of power systems changes, the ANN structure needs to be reconstructed and retrained, and thus has low adaptive capability. In order to tackle these challenges, in this paper, an ANN‐based FSD method by constructing universal transparent diagnosis models is proposed. The diagnosis models are constructed for the transmission line, transformer, and bus types rather than for a specific power system section. They can express the logical relations among sections, protective relays (PRs) and circuit breakers (CBs) clearly and intuitively. In addition, fuzzy values are used to model the uncertainties of PRs and CBs, and to determine the inputs of diagnosis models. Furthermore, the differential evolution algorithm is employed to optimize the network parameters of diagnosis models. The proposed method is verified on the IEEE 30‐bus test system and an actual local power system in Jilin Province of China.
Triangular Topological 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Constructed via Symmetric or Asymmetric “Two‐in‐One” Type Monomers
Authors: Chen Weiben , Chen Pei , Chen Dan , Liu Yi , Zhang Guang , Wang Lei , Chen Long 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost of the reported covalent organic frameworks (COFs) so far are prepared from highly symmetric building blocks, which to some extent limits the expansion of COF diversity and complexity. Low‐symmetric building blocks can be designed through a desymmetrized vertex strategy, which might be used to construct new topological COFs. But reports of COFs constructed by asymmetric building blocks are thus far very rare. Here, a feasible strategy to design asymmetric building blocks for COF synthesis is introduced, by simply varying the positions of functional groups in the monomer. As a proof of concept, two isomeric hexaphenylbenzene‐based “two‐in‐one” type monomers (1,2,4‐HPB‐NH2 and 1,3,5‐HPB‐NH2) are designed and synthesized. To the authors’ surprise, self‐polycondensation of the asymmetric 1,2,4‐HPB‐NH2 (i.e., the isomer of common C3‐symmetric 1,3,5‐HPB‐NH2) also affords highly crystalline COF (1,2,4‐HPB‐COF) similar to the symmetric 1,3,5‐HPB‐NH2 counterpart with identical topological structure. The triangular porous structures of both HPB‐based COFs are well resolved by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), theoretical simulations, nitrogen sorption, and morphologies analysis. This work demonstrates the “two‐in‐one” type asymmetric building blocks can also produce highly crystalline frameworks and thus provides a new structural design strategy for reticular chemistry.
Amplification and Manipulation of Nonlinear Electromagnetic Waves and Enhanced Nonreciprocity using Transmissive Space‐Time‐Coding Metasurface
Authors: Wang Xin , Han Jiaqi , Tian Shuncheng , Xia Dexiao , Li Long , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel amplifier‐based transmissive space‐time‐coding metasurface is presented to realize strongly nonlinear controls of electromagnetic (EM) waves in both space and frequency domains, which can manipulate the propagation directions and adjust enhancements of nonlinear harmonic waves and break the Lorenz reciprocity due to the nonreciprocity of unilateral power amplifiers. By cascading the power amplifier between patches placed on two sides of the metasurface, the metasurface can transmit the spatial EM waves in the forward direction while blocking it in the backward direction. Two status of power amplifier biased at the standard working voltage and zero voltage are represented as codes “1” and “0,” respectively. By periodically setting adequate code sequences and proportions in the temporal dimension, according to the space‐time coding strategy, the amplitudes and phases of the harmonic transmission coefficients can be adjusted in a programmable way. A metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured in the microwave frequency to validate the concept and feasibility. The experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. The proposed metasurface can achieve controllable harmonic power enhancements for flexibly configuring the power intensities in space, which enlarge and manipulate the quality of transmitting signals.
Volatile and Nonvolatile Memristive Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhou Guangdong , Wang Zhongrui , Sun Bai , Zhou Feichi , Sun Linfeng , Zhao Hongbin , Hu Xiaofang , Peng Xiaoyan , Yan Jia , Wang Huamin , Wang Wenhua , Li Jie , Yan Bingtao , Kuang Dalong , Wang Yuchen , Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIon migration as well as electron transfer and coupling in resistive switching materials endow memristors with a physically tunable conductance to resemble synapses, neurons, and their networks. Four different types of volatile memristors and another four types of nonvolatile memristors are systemically surveyed in terms of the switching mechanisms and electrical properties that are the basis of different computing applications. The volatile memristor features spontaneous conductance decay after the cease of electrical/optical stimulations, which are closely related to the surface atom diffusion, metal–insulator–transition (including charge–density–wave), thermal spontaneous emission, and charge polarization. Such unique dynamic state evolution at the edge of chaos has enabled them to emulate certain synaptic and neural dynamics, leading to various applications ranging from spiking neural networks to combinatorial optimizations. Nonvolatile resistive switching behavior originated from the electron spins, ferroelectric polarization, crystalline‐amorphous transitions or interplay between ions and electrons enables the memristor array to implement the vector–matrix multiplication, which is the key convolutional operation in artificial neural networks. The progress, challenges, and opportunities for both volatile and nonvolatile memristor in the level of materials, integration technology, algorithm, and system are highlighted in this review.
Effect of Thermal Conductivity of Substrate on the Giant Persistent Photoconductivity of Vanadium Dioxide Device
Authors: Lee Gi Yong , Mun Bongjin Simon , Ju Honglyoul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe substrate effect on giant persistent photoconductivity (GPPC) of VO2devices fabricated on the substrates of corning glass, Al2O3(0001), and TiO2(001) is investigated. Under the applied voltage within the hysteresis loop of voltage–current curve of the VO2device, the GPPC is achieved by a short single pulse laser at laser intensity of 8.9×106W m−2. The minimum laser pulse width (Wmin) to trigger GPPC in VO2devices is found to be as small as 80 µs in the VO2device fabricated on corning glass substrate. The magnitudes ofWminfor GPPC increase in the order of corning glass, TiO2, and Al2O3substrates. The variation of theWminon each substrate is understood as the dissimilarity of thermal conductivity of each substrate. The minimum time required to induce GPPC (the incubation time) is estimated using 1D thermal transport model, which shows good qualitative agreement with experimental results.