bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Degradation Behavior of Single Crystal LiNixMnyCozO2 Cathode in Li-Ion Battery by Indentation Analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Luan Weiling , Zhu Xuanchen , Chen Haofeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) is among the most promising cathode materials for commercial Li-ion batteries due to its high electrochemical performance. However, NMC composite cathode is still plagued with limited cyclic performance, which is influenced by its structural stability during the cycling process. The cathode, which comprises of the active material, polymeric binder, and porous conductive matrix, often exhibits large structural variation during the electrochemical cycling process. This inevitably increases the challenge of measuring the mechanical properties of the material. Even though single crystal NMC possesses better stability as compared to the polycrystalline NMC, the electrochemical performance degradation of single crystal NMC cathode remains relatively unexplored. Different sample preparation methods are compared systematically in accordance to the previous report, and a new method of sample preparation is proposed. Nano-indentation instrument is used to measure the elastic modulus and hardness of the single crystal NMC particles. The measured elastic modulus and hardness of NMC particles, under different electrochemical environments, are dependent on a large number of nano-indentation experiments and statistical analysis of the results obtained from the carefully prepared samples. The sample preparation method is the key factor that can significantly influence the nano-indentation experiment results of the NMC particles. This work shows that the mechanical properties of the single crystal NMC particles degrade significantly with number of electrochemical cycles. The decreasing elastic modulus with the number of electrochemical cycles can be fitted using a two-parameter logarithm model.
Development of novel clinical examination scales for the measurement of disease severity in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Authors: Nihat Akin , Mok Tze How , Odd Hans , Thompson Andrew Geoffrey Bourne , Caine Diana , McNiven Kirsty , O'Donnell Veronica , Tesfamichael Selam , Rudge Peter , Collinge John , Mead Simon 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo use a robust statistical methodology to develop and validate clinical rating scales quantifying longitudinal motor and cognitive dysfunction in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) at the bedside.MethodsRasch analysis was used to iteratively construct interval scales measuring composite cognitive and motor dysfunction from pooled bedside neurocognitive examinations collected as part of the prospective National Prion Monitoring Cohort study, October 2008–December 2016.A longitudinal clinical examination dataset constructed from 528 patients with sCJD, comprising 1030 Motor Scale and 757 Cognitive Scale scores over 130 patient-years of study, was used to demonstrate scale utility.ResultsThe Rasch-derived Motor Scale consists of 8 items, including assessments reliant on pyramidal, extrapyramidal and cerebellar systems. The Cognitive Scale comprises 6 items, and includes measures of executive function, language, visual perception and memory. Both scales are unidimensional, perform independently of age or gender and have excellent inter-rater reliability. They can be completed in minutes at the bedside, as part of a normal neurocognitive examination. A composite Examination Scale can be derived by averaging both scores. Several scale uses, in measuring longitudinal change, prognosis and phenotypic heterogeneity are illustrated.ConclusionsThese two novel sCJD Motor and Cognitive Scales and the composite Examination Scale should prove useful to objectively measure phenotypic and clinical change in future clinical trials and for patient stratification. This statistical approach can help to overcome obstacles to assessing clinical change in rapidly progressive, multisystem conditions with limited longitudinal follow-up.
Photonic crystal emitter design and associated efficiency optimization of radioisotope thermophotovoltaic generators
Authors: Liu Jitao , Shu Yafeng , Zhang Yanshi , Chen Liangwen , Wang Canglong , Yu Jianli , Yang Lei 
Published: January 2022

The radioisotope batteries have drawn extensive attention due to the high energy density. Nowadays, the radioisotope thermophotovoltaic systems are one of the most promising radioisotope batteries. In this work, the crystal emitter design and the associated performance of the radioisotope thermophotovoltaic generators are investigated. First, the design of photonic crystal emitter together with the adoptions of both the multi-layer insulation and supporting materials are discussed. In order to optimize the system efficiency, the effects of the area of emitters are mainly investigated. We have analyzed the efficiency of system using GaSb cells and Si cells, respectively. With Si cells, the system efficiency can computationally reach about [Formula: see text] with an output power of 7 W. When GaSb cells are employed, the system performance is estimated to an efficiency of [Formula: see text] with 61.6 W output.
Large final polynomials from integer programming
Authors: Pfeifle Julian 
Published: January 2022

We introduce a new method for finding a non-realizability certificate of a simplicial sphere Σ. It enables us to prove for the first time the non-realizability of a balanced 2-neighborly 3-sphere by Zheng, a family of highly neighborly centrally symmetric spheres by Novik and Zheng, and several combinatorial prismatoids introduced by Criado and Santos.
The method, implemented in the polymake framework, uses integer programming to find a monomial combination of classical 3-term Plücker relations that must be positive in any realization of Σ; but since this combination should also vanish identically, the realization cannot exist.
Previous approaches by Firsching, implemented using SCIP, and by Gouveia, Macchia and Wiebe, implemented using Singular and Macaulay2, are not able to process these examples.
Combined Inactivation of CTPS1 and ATR Is Synthetically Lethal to MYC-Overexpressing Cancer Cells
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zhang Ziheng , Wang Qiao-Qi , Liu Ji-Long 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The “undruggable” oncogene MYC supports cancer cell proliferation and survival through parallel induction of multiple anabolic processes. Here we find that inhibiting CTP synthase (CTPS) selectively decreases cell viability and induces DNA replication stress in MYC-overexpressing cells. MYC-driven rRNA synthesis caused the selective DNA replication stress upon CTPS inhibition. Combined inhibition of CTPS and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) is synthetically lethal in MYC-overexpressing cells, promoting cell death in vitro and decreasing tumor growth in vivo. Unexpectedly, interfering with CTPS1 but not CTPS2 is required to induce replication stress in MYC-deregulated cancer cells and consequent cell death in the presence of an ATR inhibitor. These results highlight a specific and key role of CTPS1 in MYC-driven cancer, suggesting that selectively inhibiting CTPS1 in combination with ATR could be a promising strategy to combat disease progression.

Significance:
Inhibition of CTPS in MYC-overexpressing cells blocks pyrimidine synthesis while maintaining ribosome synthesis activity to create an anabolic imbalance that induces replication stress, providing a new approach to selectively target MYC-driven cancer.
See related commentary by Chabanon and Postel-Vinay, p. 969
20-Year Steady Increase in Survival of Adult Patients with Relapsed Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Bazarbachi Ali , Labopin Myriam , Aljurf Mahmoud , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Balsat Marie , Blaise Didier , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Grassi Anna , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Lenhoff Stig , Jindra Pavel , Passweg Jakob , Abou Dalle Iman , Stadler Michael , Lioure Bruno , Ceballos Patrice , Brissot Eolia , Giebel Sebastian , Nagler Arnon , Schmid Christoph , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose:Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the first cause of transplant failure in patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In other hematologic malignancies, therapeutic advances resulted in significant improvement over time in survival of patients relapsing after transplant.Experimental Design:We compared outcomes at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) participating centers of 899 adult patients with Ph+ ALL who relapsed between 2000 and 2019 after allo-HCT performed in first complete remission. Median follow-up for alive patients was 56 months.Results:Overall, 116 patients relapsed between 2000 and 2004, 225 between 2005 and 2009, 294 between 2010 and 2014, and 264 between 2015 and 2019. Patient and transplant characteristics were similar over the four time periods except for a progressive increase in unrelated donors, peripheral blood stem cells, reduced intensity conditioning, and in vivo T-cell depletion and a progressive decrease in total body irradiation. The 2-year overall survival (OS) after relapse increased from 27.8% for patients relapsing between 2000 and 2004 to 54.8% for 2015 and 2019 (P = 0.001). A second allo-HCT within 2 years after relapse was performed in 13.9% of patients resulting in a 2-year OS of 35.9%. In multivariate analysis, OS from relapse was positively affected by a longer time from transplant to relapse and the year of relapse.Conclusions:We observed a major progressive improvement in OS from posttransplant relapse for patients with Ph+ ALL over the years, likely multifactorial including transplant-related factors, posttransplant salvage, and improvement in supportive care. These large-scale real-world data can serve as a benchmark for future studies in this setting.See related commentary by Gale, p. 813
To Degrade or Not to Degrade DNMT3A
Authors: Ma Yuhong , Will Britta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Summary:
Aberrant DNA cytosine methylation is a critical contributor to compromised tissue regeneration and malignant transformation, particularly during aging. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Huang and colleagues define a new class of disease-associated DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) variants with decreased de novo DNA methylation activity due increased proteasomal degradation that are able to drive clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells.
See related article by Huang et al., p. 220.
Resenha do livro "Cinemas latino-americanos em circulação: Em busca do público perdido”
Authors: Andrietta Gabriela 
Published: January 2022

O livro Cines latinoamericanos en circulación: en busca del público perdido apresenta importantes estudos sobre o público de cinema e a circulação de filmes na América Latina. A obra, organizada por Ana Rosas Mantecón (UAM, México) e Leandro González (UNGS, Argentina), busca enfatizar a expansão do cinema latino-americano, tanto do âmbito da produção, como da difusão, em um momento anterior à pandemia, no qual havia muitas expectativas em torno da produção cinematográfica latino-americana, devido ao aumento do número de salas de cinema na região, ao crescimento do financiamento estatal e ao surgimento de políticas supranacionais entre os países do Mercosul e outras regiões, por meio de coproduções e acordos de cooperação. Esta resenha buscou analisar criticamente os quatro blocos temáticos do livro (mercado e janelas de exibição; festivais de cinema; público e financiamento) a partir das mudanças que estão acontecendo no mercado de cinema devido à pandemia e a outros desafios do setor que não foram pontuados pelo livro, como o aumento da concentração no setor devido à passagem do modelo analógico para o digital e a falta de articulação entre os países do bloco.
Cerebral White Matter Mediation of Age-Related Differences in Picture Naming Across Adulthood
Authors: Troutman Sara B. W. , Madden David J. , Diaz Michele T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As people age, one of the most common complaints is difficulty with word retrieval. A wealth of behavioral research confirms such age-related language production deficits, yet the structural neural differences that relate to age-related language production deficits remains an open area of exploration. Therefore, the present study used a large sample of healthy adults across adulthood to investigate how age-related white matter differences in three key left-hemisphere language tracts may contribute to age-related differences in language ability. Specifically, we used diffusion tensor imaging to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) which are indicators of white matter structure. We then used a series of path models to test whether white matter from the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the frontal aslant tract (FAT) mediated age-related differences in one form of language production, picture naming. We found that FA, as well as RD from the SLF and FAT mediated the relation between age and picture naming performance, whereas a control tract (corticospinal) was not a mediator. Moreover, differences between mediation of picture naming and a control naming condition suggest that left SLF has a greater role in higher-order aspects of naming, such as semantic and lexical selection whereas left FAT is more sensitive to sensorimotor aspects of fluency or speech motor planning. These results suggest that dorsal white matter contributes to age-related differences in generating speech and may be particularly important in supporting word retrieval across adulthood.
Scopus 1900–2020: Growth in articles, abstracts, countries, fields, and journals
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Sud Pardeep 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Scientometric research often relies on large-scale bibliometric databases of academic journal articles. Long-term and longitudinal research can be affected if the composition of a database varies over time, and text processing research can be affected if the percentage of articles with abstracts changes. This article therefore assesses changes in the magnitude of the coverage of a major citation index, Scopus, over 121 years from 1900. The results show sustained exponential growth from 1900, except for dips during both world wars, and with increased growth after 2004. Over the same period, the percentage of articles with 500+ character abstracts increased from 1% to 95%. The number of different journals in Scopus also increased exponentially, but slowing down from 2010, with the number of articles per journal being approximately constant until 1980, then tripling due to megajournals and online-only publishing. The breadth of Scopus, in terms of the number of narrow fields with substantial numbers of articles, simultaneously increased from one field having 1,000 articles in 1945 to 308 fields in 2020. Scopus’s international character also radically changed from 68% of first authors from Germany and the United States in 1900 to just 17% in 2020, with China dominating (25%).
Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosol and Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Northern Hemisphere Monsoon Precipitation: Mechanisms and Uncertainty
Authors: Monerie Paul-Arthur , Wilcox Laura J. , Turner Andrew G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Northern Hemisphere land monsoon (NHLM) precipitation exhibits multidecadal variability, decreasing over the second half of the twentieth century and increasing after the 1980s. We use a novel combination of CMIP6 simulations and several large ensembles to assess the relative roles of drivers of monsoon precipitation trends, analyzing the effects of anthropogenic aerosol (AA), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and natural forcing. We decomposed summer global monsoon precipitation anomalies into dynamic and thermodynamic terms to assess the drivers of precipitation trends. We show that the drying trends are likely to be mainly due to increased AA emissions, which cause shifts of the atmospheric circulation and a decrease in moisture advection. Increases in GHG emissions cause monsoon precipitation to increase due to strengthened moisture advection. The uncertainty in summer monsoon precipitation trends is explored using three initial-condition large ensembles. AA emissions have strong controls on monsoon precipitation trends, exceeding the effects of internal climate variability. However, uncertainties in the effects of external forcings on monsoon precipitation are high for specific periods and monsoon domains, resulting from differences in how models simulate shifts in atmospheric circulation. The effect of AA emissions is uncertain over the northern African monsoon domain due to differences among climate models in simulating the effects of AA emissions on net shortwave radiation over the North Atlantic Ocean.
Validation of the Final Monthly Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Version 05 and Version 06 with Ground-Based Precipitation Gauge Measurements across the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Eckert Ellen , Hudak David , Mekis Éva , Rodriguez Peter , Zhao Bo , Mariani Zen , Melo Stella , Strong Kimberly , Walker Kaley A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To assess the performance of the most recent versions of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), namely, V05 and V06, in Arctic regions, comparisons with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Climate Network stations north of 60°N were performed. This study focuses on the IMERG monthly final products. The mean bias and mean error-weighted bias were assessed in comparison with 25 precipitation gauge measurements at ECCC Climate Network stations. The results of this study indicate that IMERG generally detects higher precipitation rates in the Canadian Arctic than ground-based gauge instruments, with differences ranging up to 0.05 and 0.04 mm h−1 for the mean bias and the mean error-weighted bias, respectively. Both IMERG versions perform similarly, except for a few stations, where V06 tends to agree slightly better with ground-based measurements. IMERG’s tendency to detect more precipitation is in good agreement with findings indicating that weighing gauge measurements suffer from wind undercatch and other impairing factors, leading to lower precipitation estimates. Biases between IMERG and ground-based stations were found to be slightly larger during summer and fall, which is likely related to the increased precipitation rates during these seasons. Correlations of both versions of IMERG with the ground-based measurements are considerably lower in winter and spring than during summer and fall, which might be linked to issues that passive microwave (PMW) sensors encounter over ice and snow. However, high correlation coefficients with medians of 0.75–0.8 during summer and fall are very encouraging for potential future applications.
Fatal Weather-Related Carbon Monoxide Poisonings in the United States
Authors: Stevens Bailey R. , Ashley Walker S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can cause injury or death if inhaled. CO is a frequent secondary hazard induced by the aftereffects of natural hazards as individuals, families, and communities often seek alternative power sources for heating, cooking, lighting, and cleanup during the emergency and recovery phases of a disaster. These alternative power sources—such as portable generators, petroleum-based heaters, and vehicles—exhaust CO that can ultimately build to toxic levels in enclosed areas. Ever-increasing environmental and societal changes combined with an aging infrastructure are growing the odds of power failures during hazardous weather events, which, in turn, are increasing the likelihood of CO exposure, illness, and death. This study analyzed weather-related CO fatalities from 2000 to 2019 in the United States using death-certificate data, providing one of the longest assessments of this mortality. Results reveal that over 8300 CO fatalities occurred in the United States during the 20-yr study period, with 17% of those deaths affiliated with weather perils. Cool-season perils such as ice storms, snowstorms, and extreme cold were the leading hazards that led to situations causing CO fatalities. States in the Southeast and Northeast had the highest CO fatality rates, with winter having the greatest seasonal mortality. In general, these preventable CO poisoning influxes are related to a deficiency of knowledge on generator safety and the absence of working detectors and alarms in the enclosed locations where poisonings occur. Education and prevention programs that target the most vulnerable populations will help prevent future weather-related CO fatalities.

Significance Statement
Carbon monoxide exposure is common after weather disasters when individuals, families, and communities seek alternative power sources—such as portable generators, petroleum-based heaters, and vehicles—that exhaust this deadly, colorless, and odorless gas. Initially, we catalog carbon monoxide fatalities associated with weather events in the United States over two decades; thereafter, we illustrate the characteristics and patterns affiliated with these deaths. Results will assist public officials, first responders, and individuals in their decision-making and response before, during, and after weather events so that these deaths may be prevented in the future.
Low Pressure Low Frequency Jet Ventilation: Techniques, Safety and Complications
Authors: Myint Calvin W. , Teng Stephanie E. , Butler Jennifer J. , Griffeth Jacline V. , Fritz Mark A. , Meiler Steffen E. , Postma Gregory N. 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Manual jet ventilation is a specialized oxygenation and ventilation technique that is not available in all facilities due to lack of technical familiarity and fear of complications. The objective is to review our center’s 15 year experience with low pressure low frequency jet ventilation (LPLFJV). Methods: Retrospective review of procedures utilizing LPLFJV from 2005 to 2019 were performed collecting patient demographic, surgery type and complications. Fisher exact test, Chi square, and t-test were used to determine statistical significance. Results: Four hundred fifty-seven patients underwent a total of 891 microlaryngeal surgeries—279 cases for voice disorders, 179 for lesions, and 433 for airway stenosis. The peak jet pressure for all cases did not exceed 20 psi and average peak pressure for the last 100 procedures in this case series was 14.9 ± 4.6 psi. The average lowest oxygen saturation for all cases was 95% ± 0.6%. Brief intubation was required in 154 cases (17%). Surgical duration was significantly longer for cases requiring intubation P < .001. The need for intubation was not associated with smoking or cardiopulmonary disease, but was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI). Intubation rates were 7% for normal weight (BMI < 25, N = 216), 13% for overweight (BMI 25-30, N = 282), 24% for obese (BMI 30-40, N = 342), and 37% for morbidly obese (BMI > 40, N = 52) patients. Three patients developed respiratory distress in the recovery unit and 2 patients required intubation. Conclusion: LPLFJV assisted by intermittent endotracheal intubation is an exceedingly safe and effective intraoperative oxygenation and ventilationmodality for a broad variety of laryngeal procedure.