bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in macrophage-like cells characterized by en face optical coherence tomography after retinal stroke
Authors: Zeng Yunkao , Wen Feng , Mi Lan , Ji Yuying , Zhang Xiongze 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe retina could serve as a window of neuroinflammation, but the in vivo changes in macrophage-like cell (MLC), such as microglia, in acute ischemic retinal stroke remain unclear. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the in vivo changes in MLC characterized by en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) after acute ischemic retinal stroke.MethodsTwenty patients with unilateral acute nonarteritic reperfused central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) were participated in this study, and their contralateral eyes served as control group. A 3 μm en face OCT slab on the inner limiting membrane of the optic nerve head (ONH) region or macular region was used to visualize and binarize the MLCs. The MLCs were binarized and quantified using a semiautomated method. OCT angiography was used to evaluate the reperfusion status and obtain the structural data of the inner retina in the ONH and macula. The thickness of the ganglion cell complex in the macular region was measured. The optical intensity and optical intensity ratio of the inner retina were calculated to evaluate the ischemia severity.ResultsIn the ONH region, decreased vessel densities of radial peripapillary capillaries accompanied by increased thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer were found in the CRAO eyes in comparison to the unaffected eyes (p=0.001, p=0.009, respectively). In the macular region, significantly lower vessel densities in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus and increased thickness of the ganglion cell complex were also found in the CRAO eyes (all p ≤ 0.001). The ONH and macular MLC quantities and densities in CRAO eyes were significantly higher than those in the unaffected eyes (both p&lt;0.001). Larger and plumper MLCs were observed in the CRAO eyes compared with their unaffected eyes. ONH and macular MLC densities were positively associated with the disease duration in the acute phase and the optical intensity ratio of inner retina.ConclusionsThe increased density and morphological changes of MLCs may indicate the aggregation and activation of MLCs following acute reperfused CRAO. The aggregation of MLCs may be more pronounced in CRAO eyes with longer disease duration and more severe ischemia. MLCs characterized by en face OCT may serve as an in vivo visual tool to investigate neuroinflammation in the ischemic-reperfusion process of stroke.
Artificial intelligence approach for recommendation of pupil dilation test using medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations
Authors: Ahn Hyunmin , Jun Ikhyun , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo evaluate the value of artificial intelligence (AI) for recommendation of pupil dilation test using medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SubjectsMedical records of 56,811 patients who visited our outpatient clinic for the first time between 2017 and 2020 were included in the training dataset. Patients who visited the clinic in 2021 were included in the test dataset. Among these, 3,885 asymptomatic patients, including eye check-up patients, were initially included in test dataset I. Subsequently, 14,199 symptomatic patients who visited the clinic in 2021 were included in test dataset II.MethodsAll patients underwent a medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations such as uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, non-contact tonometry, auto-keratometry, slit-lamp examination, dilated pupil test, and fundus examination. A clinically significant lesion in the lens, vitreous, and fundus was defined by subspecialists, and the need for a pupil dilation test was determined when the participants had one or more clinically significant lesions in any eye. Input variables of AI consisted of a medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations, and the AI was evaluated with predictive performance for the need of a pupil dilation test.Main outcome measuresAccuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.ResultsClinically significant lesions were present in 26.5 and 59.1% of patients in test datasets I and II, respectively. In test dataset I, the model performances were as follows: accuracy, 0.908 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.880–0.936); sensitivity, 0.757 (95% CI: 0.713–0.801); specificity, 0.962 (95% CI: 0.947–0.977); positive predictive value, 0.878 (95% CI: 0.834–0.922); and F1 score, 0.813. In test dataset II, the model had an accuracy of 0.949 (95% CI: 0.934–0.964), a sensitivity of 0.942 (95% CI: 0.928–956), a specificity of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.927–0.993), a positive predictive value of 0.971 (95% CI: 0.957–0.985), and a F1 score of 0.956.ConclusionThe AI model performing a medical interview and basic ophthalmologic examinations to determine the need for a pupil dilation test had good sensitivity and specificity for symptomatic patients, although there was a limitation in identifying asymptomatic patients.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Application and correlations in a real-life cross-sectional study
Authors: Salis Francesco , Loddo Simona , Zanda Francesca , Peralta Maria Monica , Serchisu Luca , Mandas Antonella 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe assessment process of elderly people considers all aspects of an individual’s life, including physical, mental, and social aspects. Frailty refers to a decline in physiological functions or strengths leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and decreased ability to cope with them. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a validated and useful tool in this context to holistically study elderly people. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impaired health status in a large geriatric population turning to outpatient service, based on the components of the CGA, and thus to describe its usefulness in real-life clinical practice. The secondary aim of this study was the evaluation of the association between nutritional status, assessed with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)—within the CGA—and cognitive-affective and functional capacities, and multimorbidity.Materials and methodsThis real-life, retrospective cross-sectional study included subjects consecutively evaluated from January 2009 to December 2020 at the Geriatric Outpatient Service, University Hospital of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. A sum of 3,260 patients were subjected to CGA.ResultsOnly a small proportion of the sample (2.24%) showed an absence of impairment in cognitive-affective, functional, and nutritional domains. Moderate correlations were found between MNA and several other CGA variables, namely, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS; ϱ = −0.41, p &lt; 0.0001), Barthel Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (ϱ = 0.51, p &lt; 0.0001), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (ϱ = 0.43, p &lt; 0.0001), and Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (ϱ = 0.44, p &lt; 0.0001). A multiple regression also highlighted these variables as significant regressors of MNA. Finally, malnutrition showed a significant association with depression (odds ratio [OR]: 4.97), dependence on ADL (OR: 19.8) and IADL (OR: 7.04), and falling risk (OR: 5.16).ConclusionThis study has figured out the complex situation in which geriatric care finds itself the complexity and severe impairment of elderly people. The possibilities of intervention are often limited, but the literature confirms the benefits of good nutritional status on the general health status. The data that emerged from our study fit into this assumption, highlighting the close association between the nutritional domain and the other CGA domains.
Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-Hop partnership by 2-phenylthynesulfonamide
Authors: Muthelo Tshifhiwa , Mulaudzi Vhahangwele , Netshishivhe Munei , Dongola Tendamudzimu Harmfree , Kok Michelle , Makumire Stanley , de Villiers Marianne , Burger Adélle , Zininga Tawanda , Shonhai Addmore 
Published: September 2022

Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-1 (PfHsp70-1; PF3D7_0818900) and PfHsp90 (PF3D7_0708400) are essential cytosol localized chaperones of the malaria parasite. The two chaperones form a functional complex via the adaptor protein, Hsp90-Hsp70 organizing protein (PfHop [PF3D7_1434300]), which modulates the interaction of PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp90 through its tetracopeptide repeat (TPR) domains in a nucleotide-dependent fashion. On the other hand, PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp90 possess C-terminal EEVD and MEEVD motifs, respectively, which are crucial for their interaction with PfHop. By coordinating the cooperation of these two chaperones, PfHop plays an important role in the survival of the malaria parasite. 2-Phenylthynesulfonamide (PES) is a known anti-cancer agent whose mode of action is to inhibit Hsp70 function. In the current study, we explored the antiplasmodial activity of PES and investigated its capability to target the functions of PfHsp70-1 and its co-chaperone, PfHop. PES exhibited modest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 of 38.7 ± 0.7 µM). Furthermore, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, we demonstrated that PES was capable of binding recombinant forms of both PfHsp70-1 and PfHop. Using limited proteolysis and intrinsic fluorescence-based analysis, we showed that PES induces conformational changes in PfHsp70-1 and PfHop. In addition, we demonstrated that PES inhibits the chaperone function of PfHsp70-1. Consequently, PES abrogated the association of the two proteins in vitro. Our study findings contribute to the growing efforts to expand the arsenal of potential antimalarial compounds in the wake of growing parasite resistance against currently used drugs.
The effect of neurologic music therapy in patients with cerebral palsy: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Yang Seoyon , Suh Jee Hyun , Kwon SuYeon , Chang Min Cheol 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common causes of disability in children. It is characterized by impairment in motor function and coordination and difficulties in performing daily life activities. Previous research supports that neurologic music therapy (NMT) was effective in improving motor function, cognition, and emotional wellbeing in patients with various neurologic disorders. However, the benefit of NMT in patients with CP have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this review was to investigate the potential effect of NMT motor rehabilitation techniques for patients.Materials and methodsWe searched articles published up to May 24, 2022 in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, Web of science, and Ovid MEDLINEdatabases. We included studies that investigated the effect of NMT in patients with CP.ResultsAfter search, 4,117 articles were identified using the search terms. After reading the titles and abstracts, 4,089 articles that did not meet our inclusion criteria were excluded. The remaining 28 articles which were assessed for eligibility. Finally, 15 studies were included in this systematic review. Among 15 studies that investigated the effect of NMT on patients with CP, 7 studies were on rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS), 6 studies were on therapeutic instrumental music performance (TIMP), and 2 studies were on patterned sensory enhancement (PSE).ConclusionsVarious techniques of NMT brings beneficial effects for gross and fine motor improvements in patients with CP. NMT techniques, such as RAS, TIMP, and PSE, may be a potential alternative rehabilitation strategy to enhance gross and fine motor skills for patients with CP.
Association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio and 3-month functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients with reperfusion therapy
Authors: Cui Ting , Wang Changyi , Zhu Qiange , Li Shucheng , Yang Yuan , Wang Anmo , Zhang Xuening , Shang Wenzuo , Wu Bo 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundNeutrophils and albumin are associated with outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to explore the association between the neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), a novel marker of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the 3-month functional outcome in AIS patients with reperfusion therapy.MethodsThis single-center, retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled AIS patients with reperfusion therapy. Neutrophils and albumin were collected on admission. The primary outcome was a poor functional outcome, which was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3–6 at 3 months.ResultsA total of 647 patients with AIS who received reperfusion therapy were analyzed. The mean age was 68.9 ± 13.9 years, and 358 (55.3%) of the patients were men. The median NPAR was 1.89 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.64–2.09). The percentage of patients with a 3-month poor functional outcome was 57.0% (369/647). NPAR was positively associated with a poor functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] 2.76, 95% CI: 1.52–5.03, p = 0.001). When patients were classified into tertiles, patients in the upper tertile (2.03–7.59) had a higher risk of poor outcome than patients in the lower tertile after adjusting for potential confounders (0.78–1.73) (OR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.28–3.42, p = 0.003). The risk of poor outcome increased with NPAR tertiles (p-trend = 0.003). The optimal cut-off value of the NPAR for predicting a poor outcome was 1.72, with a sensitivity of 0.75, and a specificity of 0.43.ConclusionNeutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio was significantly associated with 3-month poor functional outcomes in patients with AIS who received reperfusion therapy.
Comparative effectiveness of electroacupuncture VS neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the treatment of chronic low back pain in active-duty personals: A single-center, randomized control study
Authors: Meng Xiao-yan , Bu Lan , Chen Jia-ying , Liu Qiu-jia , Sun Li , Li Xiao-long , Wu Fei-xiang 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent form of chronic pain in active-duty military personnel worldwide. Electroacupuncture (EA) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are the two most widely used treatment methods in the military, while evidence for their benefits is lacking. The aim of this randomized clinical trial is to investigate the effectiveness of EA vs. NMES in reducing pain intensity among active-duty navy personals with chronic LBP.MethodsThe study is designed as a single-center, randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome is a positive categorical response for treatment success in the first-time follow-up, which is predesignated as a two-point or greater decrease in the NRS score and combined with a score &gt; 3 on the treatment satisfaction scale. The secondary outcomes include pain intensity, rate of treatment success, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) score along with muscular performance. The first follow-up starts on the first day after completing the last treatment session, and then the 4-weeks and 12-weeks follow-up are applied via telephone visit.ResultsEighty-five subjects complete the treatment diagram and are included in the analysis. For the primary outcome, no difference has been found between EA and NMES, with 65.1% (28 in 43) individuals reporting a positive response to EA treatment, while 53.5% (23 in 43) in NMES. However, for longer follow-ups, superiority in positive response of EA has been found in 4-weeks (26 in 39, 66.7% vs. 16 in 40, 40%; P = 0.018) and 12-weeks (24 in 36, 66.7% vs. 12 in 36, 33.3%; P = 0.005) follow-up. In the regression analysis, baseline pain intensity and FABQ score are identified to be highly associated with positive treatment outcomes. Finally, the subgroup analysis suggests that EA treatment is associated with better long-term outcomes in patients with LBP with a severe pain score (NRS score &gt;4, Figure 4B) and stronger fear-avoidance beliefs.ConclusionBoth the EA and NMES are associated with a positive response in treating military LBP, and the former offers lasting benefits in the later follow-ups. Thus, electroacupuncture is a more recommended treatment for military LBP. A lot of research is needed to verify an efficient and standardized treatment session, with more information and evidence about indications for these treatments.Trial registrationChiCTR, (ChiCTR2100043726); registered February 27, 2021.
Effect of therapeutic exercise on the balance of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: A pilot study
Authors: Matsuda Naomi , Takamatsu Yasuyuki , Aiba Ikuko 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a parkinsonian-like progressive neurodegenerative syndrome. Key clinical features include ocular motor dysfunction, postural instability, and cognitive dysfunction. Maintaining and improving balance function and gait function are very important for patients with PSP with severe postural dysfunction and repeated falls. In addition, patients with PSP have a poor response to pharmacological treatment; hence, rehabilitation is a key approach in dealing with this syndrome. However, no conclusion on the beneficial effects of rehabilitation for patients with PSP have been established in the literature.ObjectivesThe effectiveness of multiple therapeutic exercise program with probable or possible PSP according to the Movement Disorder Society criteria for the clinical diagnosis of PSP was validated.MethodsParticipants underwent multiple therapeutic exercise program customized for each participant, including resistance training, balance training, and walking exercises that were performed for 60–80 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcomes measured were as follows: pull test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), and gait speed test.ResultsA total of 117 patients with PSP were enrolled and the analysis was performed on 20 patients with probable PSP. Four-week rehabilitation significantly improved pull test (p = 0.034) and BBS scores (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences both TUG (p = 0.502) and gait speed (p = 0.813).ConclusionThe multiple therapeutic exercise program had beneficial effects on balance performance in patients with PSP in 4 weeks and could be an essential element in their rehabilitation. Although this pilot study was conducted without a control group, it provided valuable information for future prospective randomized controlled trials.
Social determinants of participant recruitment and retention in a prospective cohort study of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wells Jordee M. , Galarneau Jean-Michel , Minich Nori M. , Cohen Daniel M. , Clinton Kameron , Taylor H. Gerry , Bigler Erin D. , Bacevice Ann , Mihalov Leslie K. , Bangert Barbara A. , Zumberge Nicholas A. , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPrior studies have shown poor recruitment and retention of minoritized groups in clinical trials.ObjectiveTo examine several social determinants as predictors of consent to participate and retention as part of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children 8–16 with either mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) or orthopedic injury (OI).MethodsChildren and families were recruited during acute visits to emergency departments (ED) in two large children's hospitals in the midwestern United States for a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children 8–16 with either mild TBI or OI.ResultsA total of 588 (mild TBI = 307; OI = 281) eligible children were approached in the ED and 315 (mild TBI = 195; OI = 120) were consented. Children who consented did not differ significantly from those who did not consent in sex or age. Consent rates were higher among Black (60.9%) and multi-racial (76.3%) children than white (45.3%) children. Among the 315 children who consented, 217 returned for a post-acute assessment (mild TBI = 143; OI = 74), a retention rate of 68.9%. Participants who were multi-racial (96.6%) or white (79.8%) were more likely to return for the post-acute visit than those who were Black (54.3%).ConclusionsRacial differences exist in both recruitment and retention of participants in a prospective, longitudinal cohort of children with mild TBI or OI. Further work is needed to understand these differences to ensure equitable participation of minoritized groups in brain injury research.
Characteristics of clinical details and endolymphatic hydrops in unilateral and bilateral Ménière's disease in a single Asian group
Authors: Shi Suming , Li Wenquan , Wang Dan , Ren Tongli , Wang Wuqing 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo elucidate the characteristics of the clinical details and endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in bilateral Ménière's disease (BMD).MethodsA total of 545 patients with definite MD were enrolled. Demographic variables; the age of onset; disease course; inner ear function; the coexistence of related disorders such as migraine, delayed MD, drop attacks, and autoimmune diseases; familial history; and characteristics of EH were analyzed.ResultsIn the study population, the prevalence of BMD was 15.4%. The disease duration of BMD (84.0 ± 89.6 months) was significantly longer than that of unilateral MD (UMD, 60.1 ± 94.0 months) (P = 0.001). As evaluated by hearing thresholds and cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, inner ear functions were more deteriorated in BMD (P &lt; 0.05) than in UMD. The proportions of delayed MD and a family history of vertigo were significantly larger in BMD (P &lt; 0.05). EH was observed in 100% of cases on the clinically affected side and 6.1% of cases on the unaffected side.ConclusionA low prevalence of BMD, longer disease duration, higher frequencies of delayed MD, and family history of vertigo in patients with BMD were significant findings observed in the present study. All affected ears presented with EH, and a low percentage of unaffected sides presented with EH.