bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden fairy rings and males—Genetic patterns of natural Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) populations reveal new insights into its life cycle
Authors: Staubli Florian , Imola Lea , Dauphin Benjamin , Molinier Virginie , Pfister Stephanie , Piñuela Yasmine , Schürz Laura , Sproll Ludger , Steidinger Brian S. , Stobbe Uli , Tegel Willy , Büntgen Ulf , Egli Simon , Peter Martina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBurgundy truffles are heterothallic ascomycetes that grow in symbiosis with trees. Despite their esteemed belowground fruitbodies, the species' complex lifecycle is still not fully understood. Here, we present the genetic patterns in three natural Burgundy truffle populations based on genotyped fruitbodies, ascospore extracts and ectomycorrhizal root tips using microsatellites and the mating‐type locus. Distinct genetic structures with high relatedness in close vicinity were found for females (forming the fruitbodies) and males (fertilizing partner as inferred from ascospore extracts), with high genotypic diversity and annual turnover of males, suggesting that ephemeral male mating partners are germinating ascospores from decaying fruitbodies. The presence of hermaphrodites and the interannual persistence of a few males suggest that persistent mycelia may sporadically also act as males. Only female or hermaphroditic individuals were detected on root tips. At one site, fruitbodies grew in a fairy ring formed by a large female individual that showed an outward growth rate of 30 cm per year, with the mycelium decaying within the ring and being fertilized by over 50 male individuals. While fairy ring structures have never been shown for truffles, the genetics of Burgundy truffle populations support a similar reproductive biology as those of other highly prized truffles.
The Future of Northern Ireland: the Role of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement Institutions
Authors: Kelly Conor J. , Tannam Etain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the 2016 Brexit referendum a series of crises has gripped Northern Ireland's politics. This has had a destabilising effect across society, which has arguably been felt most acutely by political unionism. The Belfast/Good Friday Agreement (B/GFA) of 1998 created a series of institutions to deal with political conflict in Northern Ireland, manage cross‐border cooperation and normalise relations between the UK and Ireland. However, many aspects of it have been sparingly and ineffectually deployed, most notably the second and third strands dealing with north/south and east/west relations respectively. In this article, the authors argue that regular use of the institutional arrangements created by the Agreement would help to deal with the challenges currently facing Northern Ireland and help address unionist anxieties over the Protocol. Use of the North‐South Ministerial Council (NSMC), the British Irish Council (BIC) and the British‐Irish Intergovernmental Conference (BIIGC) should be prioritised. The unresolved issues arising from Brexit require a recommitment to the intergovernmental logic at the heart of the 1998 Agreement, despite the obstacles.
A Four‐Day Working Week: its Role in a Politics of Work
Authors: Spencer David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrom a fringe idea with limited wider support, the goal of a four‐day working week has moved into the spotlight in contemporary policy debates. Indeed, a growing number of businesses have agreed to pilot a four‐day working week. This article examines what the turn to this goal means for a politics of work. It argues that its adoption by business interests can dilute its impacts, while its stress in some radical circles can distract from other pressing goals such as higher wages and improvement in work's quality. The article is sceptical that a four‐day working week, as currently conceived, would necessarily transform work for the better. Building on a different politics, it proposes an alternative agenda that would allow for fewer work hours alongside higher quality work. The barriers to the realisation of this agenda reinforce the fact that radical change in society requires deeper institutional reform, including within workplaces.
Privileged Injuries: Defining Disability Among Veterans Of The Irish Revolution (1916–1923)
Authors: COLEMAN MARIE 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFollowing its War of Independence from Britain (1919–21) and subsequent Civil War (1922–3), the Irish Free State government introduced disability pension legislation to compensate revolutionaries and soldiers who had been wounded and the dependants of those who had died in the conflicts. The legislation was initially limited only to physical wounds, but this remit was extended in 1927 to cover mental illness and disease contracted during active service. In expanding eligibility in this way, the Irish Free State went against the trend internationally among the belligerent nations of the First World War, where disability pension eligibility was circumscribed considerably during the 1920s, with psychiatric cases often being downgraded or excluded entirely. This article explores the evolution of the opposite trend in independent Ireland, exploring the reasons for the initial privileging of physical wounds and locating the decision to expand eligibility in the variables governing veteran privilege identified in the work of Martin Crotty, Neil Diamant and Mark Edele.
Switchgrass extractives to mitigate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination of romaine lettuce at pre‐ and postharvest
Authors: Camfield Emily , Bowman Alex , Choi Joseph , Gwinn Kimberly , Labbe Nicole , Rajan Kalavathy , Ownley Bonnie , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima , D'Souza Doris Helen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe antimicrobial potential of switchgrass extractives (SE) was evaluated on cut lettuce leaves and romaine lettuce in planta, using rifampicin‐resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium strain LT2 as model pathogens. Cut lettuce leaves were swabbed with E. coli O157:H7 or S. Typhimurium followed by surface treatment with 0.8% SE, 0.6% sodium hypochlorite, or water for 1 to 45 min. For in planta studies, SE was swabbed on demarcated leaf surfaces either prior to or after inoculation of greenhouse‐grown lettuce with E. coli O157:H7 or S. Typhimurium; the leaf samples were collected after 0, 24, and 48 h of treatment. Bacteria from inoculated leaves were enumerated on tryptic soy agar plates (and also on MacConkey's and XLT4 agar plates), and the recovered counts were statistically analyzed. Cut lettuce leaves showed E. coli O157:H7 reduction between 3.25 and 6.17 log CFU/leaf, whereas S. Typhimurium reductions were between 2.94 log CFU/leaf and 5.47 log CFU/leaf depending on the SE treatment durations, from initial levels of ∼7 log CFU/leaf. SE treatment of lettuce in planta, before bacterial inoculation, reduced E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium populations by 1.88 and 2.49 log CFU after 24 h and 3 h, respectively. However, SE treatment after bacterial inoculation of lettuce plants decreased E. coli O157:H7 populations by 3.04 log CFU (after 0 h) with negligible reduction of S. Typhimurium populations. Our findings demonstrate the potential of SE as a plant‐based method for decontaminating E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce during pre‐ and postharvest stages in hurdle approaches.
Uniting genetic and geographic databases to understand the relationship between latitude and population demography
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. 
Published: July 2022

It was not known that phylogenetic analysis of population genetic data would show geographic structure when Avise et al. (1979) introduced the unnamed field of phylogeography. Since then, the field has grown from using single gene fragments to whole genomes resulting in more than 22,000 publications. This seemingly simple relationship between geography and genetic variation has provided the foundation for studying speciation, species delimitation, hybrid zone dynamics, adaptation, conservation genetics, community assembly, and historical demography to name a few (see Burbrink & Ruane, 2021; Edwards et al., 2016). As with many burgeoning fields, there is often little consideration of how to make data sets accessible for future researchers addressing more comprehensive questions under a common framework. For example, it is important in biogeography to examine how shared environments or barriers affect population structure across communities of species, or test if range size or latitude are correlated with genetic diversity across taxa (Myers et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2017). However, addressing these types of questions using existing data requires researchers to assemble large databases manually. Genetic and geographic databases used to store this information like NCBI Genbank (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) are disconnected, and often of limited general use for conducting multitaxon studies. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Pelletier et al. (2022) have automated the process of connecting geography to DNA sequences via the phylogatR (phylogeographic data aggregation and repurposing) database.
Clinical practice guidelines with recommendations for peripartum depression: A European systematic review
Authors: Motrico Emma , Moreno‐Peral Patricia , Uriko Kristiina , Hancheva Camellia , Brekalo Maja , Ajaz Erilda , Apter Gisele , Bramante Alessandra , Conejo‐Cerón Sonia , Christoforou Andri , Dikmen‐Yildiz Pelin , Evagorou Olympia , Fonseca Ana , Lupattelli Angela , Radoš Sandra Nakić , al Maach Nadia , Rodriguez‐Muñoz María F. , Žutić Maja , Lambregtse ‐ van den Berg Mijke P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review all Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) with recommendations for peripartum depression in European countries.MethodsA systematic review according to the PRISMA statement was conducted. CPGs focussing on peripartum depression or with at least one specific recommendation for peripartum depression from European countries were selected. Searching was conducted in electronic databases (MEDLINE and PsycINFO), and by contacting professional societies and international experts until November 24th, 2021. Characteristics of the included CPGs and their recommendations were extracted. A methodological quality assessment was conducted using the AGREE‐II tool.ResultsA total of 239 records were identified after duplicate removal. Of these, 54 were examined for full‐text inspection. The final selection yielded 14 CPGs from 11 European countries in 10 languages. Of them, 11 provided recommendations on pharmacological treatments, 10 on psychological treatment (e.g., cognitive‐behavioural therapy), 10 on screening, 8 on diagnosis, 6 on other treatments (e.g., physical exercise), 5 on prevention, and 5 other recommendations (e.g., provide information). Regarding the overall methodological quality, only five (35.7%) guidelines were rated as of adequate quality, reaching a score ≥ 70% in the overall assessment of the AGREE‐II instrument. Of the six AGREE‐II domains, applicability scored the lowest and clarity of presentation scored the highest.ConclusionThe absence of CPGs in most European countries, the discrepancy in recommendations and the low methodological quality of the guidelines may lead to disparities and inequalities in peripartum depression management in Europe. The COST Action Riseup‐PPD highlights key considerations for future guideline developers.
Electrocardiographic findings in pregnant women in Angola
Authors: Gonçalves Mauer A. A. , Pedro João Mário , Silva Carina , Magalhães Pedro , Brito Miguel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the electrocardiogram findings in African pregnant women are limited. There is no information available in the literature on the electrocardiographic parameters of pregnant Angolan women.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe electrocardiographic findings in women with normal pregnancies in Bengo Province, Angola.MethodsThis is a community‐based study with a cross‐sectional design conducted between September 2013 and March 2014 in Bengo. The study involved 114 black pregnant women, compared with a paired control group comprising of 120 black non‐pregnant women, aged 15 to 42 years. A 12‐lead electrocardiogram and a rhythm strip were recorded for all participants.ResultsIn this study, the mean age was 26.2 ± 7.3 years. Comparing pregnant women vs. non‐pregnant, we found the following mean values: Heart rate (83 bpm vs. 74 bpm,p < .001), PR interval (146 ms vs. 151 ms,p = .034), QT interval (360 ms vs. 378 ms,p < .001), QTIc Fridericia (398 ms vs. 403,p = .017), QTIc Framingham (399 ms vs. 404 ms,p = .013) and T‐wave axis (340vs. 410,p = .001).The main electrocardiographic changes found were: Sinus tachycardia (4.4% vs. 2.5%), T‐wave inversion (14.9% vs. 1.7%), Minor ST segment depression (4.5% vs. 0%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (11.4% vs. 11.7%,p = .726).ConclusionsPregnant Angolan women compared with controls, had several significantly higher values for heart rate, and significantly lower values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, PR interval, QT interval, QTc interval by Fridericia and Framingham and T‐wave axis. Sinus tachycardia, T‐wave inversion, and left ventricular hypertrophy, were the main electrocardiographic changes found.
Spread of Covid‐19 in hemodialysis centres; the effects of ventilation and communal transport
Authors: Goodlad Cate , Collier Sophie , Davenport Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsHemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk of respiratory infections, due to increased use of communal travel, waiting areas, close proximity to others when dialysing, and contact with healthcare personnel. We wished to determine the major factors associated with transmission of COVID‐19 within dialysis centres.MethodsWe compared the differences in the number of COVID‐19 infections in patients and staff in 5 dialysis centres during the 1st COVID‐19 pandemic between March and June 2020, and analyzed differences between centres. Isolation policies and infection control practices were identical between centres.Results224 (30.3%) patients tested positive for COVID‐19, by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, ranging from 4.8% (centre 1 size 55 patients) to 41.5% (centre 5–248 patients) p = 0.007. Communal transport had a significant effect; with 160 of 452 (35.4%) patients using communal testing positive compared to 22.2% of those not using communal transport (X214.5, p < 0.001). Staff sickness varied; 35 of 36 (97.3% centre 5) dialysis staff contracting COVID‐19, compared to 60% from centre 4 (189 patients 30 staff) (p < 0.001). Whereas centre 5 had no natural ventilation, and fan assisted ventilation did not meet standards for air changes and air circulation, centre 4 met ventilation standards.ConclusionsAlthough there are many potential risk factors accounting for the increased risk of COVID‐19 infection in hemodialysis patients, we found that differences in communal transport for patients and ventilation between centres was a major contributor accounting for the differences in patients testing positive for COVID‐19 and staff sickness rates. This has important practical applications for designing kidney dialysis centres.
Asking parents about babbling at 10 months produced valid answers but did not predict language screening result 2 years later
Authors: Lieberman Marion , Sand Anders , Lohmander Anette , Miniscalco Carmela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe evaluated the concurrent and predictive validity of questions to parents of 10‐month‐old children about babbling.MethodsChildren with at least one native Swedish‐speaking parent were eligible for inclusion in this prospective longitudinal study. The parents were asked three questions about babbling at a routine healthcare visit. If parents reported a lack of canonical babbling (CB), children were assessed by a speech and language pathologist to evaluate the questions' concurrent validity. We then examined whether the babbling questions predicted which children would fail the routine language screening at 2.5/3 years.ResultsFifteen of the 1126 children lacked CB according to the parent responses and the expert assessment confirmed 12 of these cases, providing a concurrent validity of 80%. The sensitivity to predict routine language screening was 8% (95% confidence interval 3–17), and the positive predictive value was 40% (95% confidence interval 20%–65%). However, only six of the children lacking CB at 10 months were among the 71 children who failed later language screening.ConclusionThis study suggests that the babbling questions could be included in the 10‐month surveillance at the child health services as valid measures of babbling development, but they cannot predict language screening result at 2.5/3 years.
Value capture by companies of different ownership, tier, size, and distance to market: A cross‐sectoral analysis
Authors: Blažek Jiří , Holická Zuzana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates a widespread assumption in the upgrading literature that lead firms and higher‐tier suppliers perform better and capture a larger value than lower‐tier suppliers. In contrast to other studies, this analysis is based on a detailed examination of a cross‐sectoral sample of 251 companies (including companies outside production networks) nested in a small economy (Czechia). Our results indicate that the economic performance of companies varies profoundly according to a number of characteristics. Generally, domestic firms tend to capture larger value, that is, they spend more on capital investments, research and development (R&D), and personnel costs. Surprisingly, lead firms tend to spend significantly less on personnel costs, taxes and R&D than first‐tier suppliers. The highest value capture is by firms operating outside production networks. The results warn against overgeneralisations and indicate the need for a careful context‐sensitive analysis before the design of supportive policies.
AgriWeedClim database: A repository of vegetation plot data from Central European arable habitats over 100 years
Authors: Glaser Michael , Berg Christian , Buldrini Fabrizio , Buholzer Serge , Bürger Jana , Chiarucci Alessandro , Chytrý Milan , Dřevojan Pavel , Follak Swen , Küzmič Filip , Lososová Zdeňka , Meyer Stefan , Moser Dietmar , Pyšek Petr , Richner Nina , Šilc Urban , Wietzke Alexander , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsArable habitats (i.e. fields, orchards, vineyards, and their fallows) were created by humans and have been essential elements in Central European landscapes for several millennia. In recent decades, these habitats have been drastically altered by changes in land use as well as agricultural practices and, more recently, by climate change. These changes have precipitated substantial changes in vegetation and their spatial and temporal trajectories have not yet been exhaustively studied. Here, we present the AgriWeedClim database — a new resource of vegetation plot (relevé) data of arable habitats in Central Europe.LocationGermany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Hungary, Northern Italy, Slovenia, Croatia.MethodsVegetation plot data were obtained from large repositories (e.g. European Vegetation Archive), specialized regional databases, colleagues and the literature. Data were then checked for completeness and standardized (e.g. taxonomy, nomenclature, crop types). Species were assigned native, archaeophyte (i.e. alien species introduced before c. 1492 CE) or neophyte (i.e. alien species introduced after c. 1492 CE) status.ResultsThe AgriWeedClim database version 1.0 contains georeferenced data from 32,889 vegetation plots sampled from 1916 to 2019.ConclusionsWe provide an overview of this new resource and present example analyses to show its content and possible applications. We outline potential research questions including analysis of patterns and causes of vegetation changes in arable habitats from the early 20th century to the present.
α‐Lipoic acid up‐regulates gene expression but reduces protein levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun , Zhao Yanyan , Liang Xiangyan , Zhang Lijun , Li Ke , Sun Zhuo , Zhao Yu‐Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolism‐regulating hepatokine, and its expression is finely controlled by the nutrients and cellular stressors. α‐Lipoic acid (ALA) regulates fuel metabolism as a nutrient, but it also arouses mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as well as oxidative stress in hepatocytes. However, the role of cellular stress in ALA‐regulated FGF21 expression has not been demonstrated as yet. The present study found that ALA up‐regulated FGF21 gene expression while it reduced FGF21 protein levels in HepG2 cells, which was accompanied by mitochondrial damage that was shown by ATP reduction and ROS elevation. ALA led to mitochondrial stress and ER stress as shown by the increased expression of HSP60, ATF6 and ATF4. Inhibition of ER stress by 4‐PBA significantly attenuated ALA‐stimulated FGF21 gene expression while it did not influence the reduction of FGF21 protein levels. H2O2‐induced oxidative stress reduced FGF21 protein levels in HepG2 cells, and anti‐oxidation by Tempol blocked ALA‐induced reduction of FGF21 proteins. In conclusion, ALA up‐regulates FGF21 gene expression through the stimulation of mitochondrial and ER stress while it reduces FGF21 protein levels through the induction of oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the in vivo effect of ALA on hepatic FGF21 expression.
Research bystanders, justice, and the state: Reframing the debate on third‐party protections in health research
Authors: Murphy Nicholas , Weijer Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch participants are afforded protections to ensure their rights and welfare are not unduly jeopardized by research activities. Yet people who do not meet the criteria for research participant status may likewise be impacted by research activities, and ethicists argue that protections should be afforded these “research bystanders.” The standard rationale for extending protections to research bystanders contends that they are sufficiently like research participants that the ethical principles governing health research ought to extend to them. In this article we argue that this analogical reasoning is mistaken. Salient moral differences mean that research ethics frameworks are not fit for purpose. We defend the research bystander category by articulating a novel foundation for this new class of stakeholder. Focusing on bystanders directly impacted by publicly funded health research, we argue that bystanders are sometimes owed protections—but neither because of their similarity to research participants nor because research ethics principles should extend to them. Instead, we reframe the issue as a question of justice. Building on the work of Douglas MacKay, we argue that bystanders to publicly funded health research are owed protections as citizens of liberal states to whom the state owes duties of justice. The state has duties to protect the interests of citizens and to conduct health research. When the means by which the state fulfils the latter duty comes into conflict with the means by which it fulfils the former, the state must ensure that those impacted, including research bystanders, are afforded protections.