bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose–response association between long‐term weight loss in young adults and later‐life metabolic health
Authors: Wang Xiuling , Lu Jiapeng , Gao Yan , Song Jiali , Li Yan , Hundei Wuhanbilige , Han Yi , Li Xi , Liu Jiamin , Zheng Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term weight loss (LTWL) has been shown to be associated with lower metabolic risk in young adults with overweight/obesity. However, the dose–response association is uncertain.MethodsIn a large‐scale nationwide screening project in China, the participants aged 35 to 64 years who recalled overweight/obesity at age 25 years and experienced LTWL or maintained stable weight were included. The dose–response association between LTWL from age 25 to screening (35 to 64 years) and the odds of metabolic syndrome at screening were assessed using multivariable adjusted regression models with restricted cubic splines.ResultsA total of 40,150 participants (66.4% women) were included. The increment of LTWL was associated with continuously decreased odds of metabolic syndrome. The odds of metabolic syndrome were 0.64 (0.60 to 0.67), 0.42 (0.40 to 0.45), 0.27 (0.25 to 0.29), and 0.15 (0.13 to 0.17) for those with LTWL of 5% to 9.9%, 10% to 14.9%, 15% to 19.9%, and 20% or greater compared with <5% LTWL, respectively. Moreover, the incremental pattern was observed across all population subgroups.ConclusionsAn incremental association between LTWL from young adulthood and odds of later‐life metabolic syndrome was observed. Our findings highlight the effective ways to achieve LTWL to improve lifetime metabolic health for young adults with overweight/obesity.
Analysis and optimal control measures of diseases in cassava population
Authors: Onah Ifeanyi Sunday , Aniaku Stephen Ekwueme , Ezugorie Obiageri Maryjoy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCassava amongst other crops is ranked currently as the third most essential source of carbohydrate in the tropics and a major food source in Africa. In spite of these gains, cassava production is highly threatened by pathogen‐causing diseases. In this study, a deterministic compartmental model is developed to investigate the effect of these diseases on cassava production. The local and global stabilities of the disease free and endemic equilibrium states of the model without control are analyzed. The model is extended to incorporate control techniques necessary in eradicating cassava diseases. Optimal control theory is applied on the control model to explore the impact of the introduction of resistant cassava plant, the use of all other traditional practices and the application of pesticides in the prevention and eradication of diseases in cassava production. Numerical simulation of the models are carried out and results obtained indicates that introduction of control measures should be done largely at the onset of cassava planting by introducing resistant cassava stems to reduce the spread of the disease and also maintain minimum cost for production and thereby maximize profit from its yield. The cost effectiveness analysis agreed with our earlier analysis and shows that the best and effective control is the use of resistant cassava stem together with the IPM approach.
Mechanical properties of in situ modified graphene nanosheets‐reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Dong Haipeng , Liu Minghui , Chen Xianlei , Han Guofang , Li Liang , Lu Fangfang , Zhu Baikang , Tao Hengcong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the great potential of graphene as a nanofiller, its inhomogeneous dispersion in polymers remains a key challenge for the effective reinforcement of polymer. Herein, we exfoliated worm graphite into graphene by in situ liquid‐phase exfoliation, and the graphene was coated on the surface of polypropylene (PP) pellets by stirring. Further, we examined several treatment conditions and graphene contents. When graphene was centrifuged at 1000 rpm and the extrusion temperature of the composite was 230°C, the composite achieved optimal overall performance with the addition of only 0.2 wt% graphene. Compared to those of pure PP, the yield strength, bending modulus, and impact strength of the composites increased by 8.71%, 18.32%, and 45.75%, respectively. The thermal conductivity is increased by 29.5%. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the PP sample exhibited a significant heterogeneous nucleation effect due to graphene addition, improving the crystallization temperature and crystallinity of the composites. Contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the surface energy of graphene and PP are close to each other, and the graphene was well‐dispersed in the PP matrix. Thus, this technique can optimize the processing properties and interface structure of graphene‐polymer nanocomposites.
Analysis and characterization of interlaminar tack for different prepreg materials during automated fiber placement
Authors: Pan Helin , Qu Weiwei , Yang Di , Li Jiangxiong , Ke Yinglin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrepreg tack plays a crucial role in dominating the part quality during the automated fiber placement (AFP) process. This study aims to study the effect of process parameters on the tackiness between prepreg plies for two kinds of prepreg materials and find the optimal combination for high resultant tackiness. Moreover, the surface characteristics are utilized to evaluate the tack‐determining mechanism. For this proposal, a shear test method based on the theoretical model is first developed to measure the tackiness between prepreg plies. Thereafter, the influence of each process parameter including lay‐up speed, compaction force, and material temperature on the tackiness is investigated and analyzed through the single‐factor method. The results show that process parameters exhibit distinct impacts on the tackiness for two kinds of prepreg systems while the tackiness force of the EH918 prepreg is much lower than that of the M21C prepreg. It is because the resin layer on the surface of the EH918 prepreg is much thinner and even in comparison with that of the M21C prepreg. Finally, the response surface method is utilized to investigate the interaction among process parameters and find the optimal combination for high tackiness. It is shown that different prepreg materials present the distinct optimal combination for high resultant tackiness. These results are significant for controlling the tackiness of prepreg materials by tailoring process parameters to satisfy the specific manufacturing requirements.
An Investigation into the Surface Skidding Response of PBX 9501 and PBX 9502
Authors: Watkins Scott A. , Lee Ryan J. , Hewitt Austin T. , Mankowski John , Brinkman J. , Dickens James , Neuber Andreas A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile polymer‐bonded explosives, PBX, have reduced sensitivity to ignition from mechanical shock or heating compared to conventional explosives, the investigation of the mechanical ignition mechanisms for PBX remains vital to assessing the safety during machining and general handling. Under frictional heating, hot spot generation due to high melting point contaminants in the interface is a suspected source for increased probability of ignition. To investigate such frictional heating, samples of PBX 9501 and PBX 9502 were impacted and skidded against a tangentially moving target and thermally imaged. Temporally resolved temperature and forces were simultaneously measured with and without 300 μm silica grit at the frictional interface. A trend of increasing temperature was observed as the speed and tangential force on the sample increased. Grit particles in the frictional interface were found to act as frictional heat concentration spots owing to the grit‘s protrusion from the surface and lesser susceptibility to melting compared to the PBX. The coefficient of friction between PBX 9501 and the skidding surface was observed to be largely constant for forces and speeds at the lower end of the test range. In contrast, at high tangential speeds, the coefficient was found to be significantly lower.
An adaptive multivariate EWMA mean chart with variable sample sizes and/or variable sampling intervals
Authors: Haq Abdul , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew adaptive multivariate EWMA (AME) charts based on the variable sample size (VSS), variable sampling interval (VSI) and variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSI) techniques are proposed to reduce the time of the existing AME chart in detecting a mean shift in the multivariate normal process. A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to compare the time to signal characteristics of the new VSS/VSI/VSSI AME and existing fixed sampling rate (FSR) AME and VSSI multivariate EWMA (ME) charts. It is found that the VSS/VSI/VSSI AME charts generally surpass the existing FSR AME and the non‐adaptive VSSI ME charts in detecting small and moderate shifts in the mean of a multivariate normal process, in terms of the expected weighted time‐to‐signal and expected relative average time‐to‐signal performance measures. An example is given to show the implementation of the existing and proposed charts.
The impact of cachexia on dietary intakes, symptoms, and quality of life in advanced cancer
Authors: Amano Koji , Baracos Vickie E. , Morita Tatsuya , Miura Tomofumi , Mori Naoharu , Tatara Ryohei , Kessoku Takaomi , Tokoro Akihiro , Tagami Keita , Otani Hiroyuki , Mori Masanori , Taniyama Tomohiko , Nakajima Nobuhisa , Nakanishi Erika , Kako Jun , Kiuchi Daisuke , Ishiki Hiroto , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Satomi Eriko , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relationships between cachexia stages and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Anorexia Cachexia Subscale (FAACT ACS) 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns have not been investigated in Asian patients with advanced cancer.MethodsThis is a multicentre questionnaire survey conducted in palliative and supportive care settings across Japan. Consecutive patients were enrolled. Patient characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Dietary intakes and nutrition impact symptoms were also assessed. Patients evaluated their quality of life (QOL) using FAACT ACS. Subjects were divided into two groups, that is, pre‐cachexia (non‐cachexia) and cachexia and refractory cachexia (cachexia), based on cancer cachexia criteria from the international consensus. Comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test or chi‐squared test. To evaluate the relationship between cachexia stages and FAACT ACS 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns, adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the logistic models.ResultsAmong 495 patients, 378 (76.4%) responded. Due to missing data, 344 patients were classified into the non‐cachexia group (n = 174) and cachexia group (n = 170), and 318 remained in the analysis of FAACT ACS. The cachexia group had a more impaired performance status, a lower body mass index, and a higher frequency of weight loss in 1 month (P = 0.021, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Advancing stages were associated with lack of appetite and reduced dietary intakes (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). QOL scores were significantly worse in the cachexia group in FAACT ACS 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). In the models of FAACT ACS 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns, significantly higher adjusted ORs than in the non‐cachexia group were observed in the cachexia group [2.24 (95% CI 1.34–3.77), P = 0.002; 1.77 (95% CI 1.08–2.92), P = 0.024; and 2.18 (95% CI 1.29–3.70), P = 0.004, respectively].ConclusionsFAACT ACS 12‐item, 5‐item anorexia symptoms, and 4‐item anorexia concerns are useful for identifying patients at risk of QOL that deteriorates with advancing stages in this population.
IgG4‐associated fibrosing mediastinitis requiring differentiation from posterior mediastinal tumour: A case report
Authors: Hirai Yoshimitsu , Iwamoto Ryuta , Iguchi Hideto , Fusamoto Aya , Yata Yumi , Ohashi Takuya , Nishimura Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 71‐year‐old man, who was found to have a posterior mediastinal tumour, was referred to our hospital. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a 15‐cm soft tissue shadow in the posterior mediastinum, with many affected areas and a gradually increasing pattern. We also detected oligemic areas with poor contrast‐filling. There was no invasion into the adjacent vertebral body and the blood vessels penetrating the interior were intact. Positron emission tomography–CT revealed a high maximum standardized uptake level of 4.53 in the mediastinal masses. We performed thoracoscopic surgery for the biopsy. Histological findings showed lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the fibrous stroma as well as storiform fibrosis. Immunohistochemical examination revealed abundant infiltration of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐positive plasma cells and 40% IgG4/IgG‐positive plasma cells. Postoperative serum examinations showed a high serum IgG4 level (570 mg/dl). Accordingly, we diagnosed the patient with IgG4‐related fibrosing mediastinitis, a rare manifestation of IgG4‐related disease.
Past hydraulics influence microhabitat selection by invertebrates and fish in hydropeaking rivers
Authors: Judes Clarisse , Capra Hervé , Gouraud Véronique , Pella Hervé , Lamouroux Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydropeaking hydropower plants are the main source of renewable energy, meeting sub‐daily peaks in electricity demand. They induce rapid artificial flow variations, highly variable velocities, drift, and stranding risks for aquatic organisms. In hydropeaking reaches, microhabitat selection likely depends on both present and past hydraulics (flow velocity and water depth); this study aims to assess their relative impact. For this purpose, we used observations of fish abundance in 1,180 microhabitats (507 sampled by electrofishing, 673 by snorkeling) and of invertebrate abundance in 36 microhabitats (hyporheic and benthic) in a medium‐sized hydropeaking river. We described past hydraulics of microhabitats over the 15 days preceding sampling, using a 2D hydrodynamic model, by identifying microhabitats dewatering (drying during >10 hr) or with high‐velocity conditions (>1.3 m s−1 during >10 hr). Invertebrates guilds (defined based on their selection of present hydraulics in rivers without hydropeaking) responded significantly to past hydraulics, with abundances 3.5–15.3 times lower in dewatering habitats. Selection for present hydraulics by invertebrates was different from that observed in rivers without hydropeaking. For more mobile fish, responses were weaker and different, with a “bank” guild selecting dewatering microhabitats and, secondarily, a “midstream” guild avoiding them. Selection of present hydraulics by fish was similar to that observed in rivers without hydropeaking. Overall, past hydraulics influenced microhabitat selection, with stronger effects on invertebrates and stronger effects of dewatering than of high past velocities. However, high past velocities force fish to move and invertebrates to experience a large range of velocity.
Present in class yet absent in science: The individual and societal impact of inequitable science instruction and challenge to improve science instruction
Authors: Jones Tamecia R. , Burrell Shondricka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrent science instruction does not educate K‐12 students equitably and creates short‐ and long‐term impacts on individual students and society. While students may be present in class, they may not have access to quality science learning experiences. The goals of this paper are to show how science instruction may not be reaching its aim of equitable access and to offer recommendations for creating a new baseline standard for equitable science instruction. Though not exhaustive, this paper identifies groups of students who are marginalized in current‐day science instruction—the racially minoritized, those with physical and cognitive differences, and those in urban or rural communities. First, this paper challenges the neutrality of science by highlighting systemic yet negative outcomes that disproportionately impact minoritized populations in everyday life because of the narrow network of people who define and solve problems. Second, this paper identifies examples where science instruction is not of its highest quality for the highlighted groups. Third, we present a synthesis of research‐informed solutions proposed to improve both the quality of science instruction and its equitable access for the highlighted groups, creating a new baseline standard for equitable science instruction. An elevated baseline would address the existing disparities in who has access to quality science instruction and consequently reduce the gatekeeper effect of who defines and solves societal problems that perpetuate intergenerational inequities.
Advances in Microwave‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Graphene Synthesis
Authors: Wang Hui , Han Yuxiang , Luo Pan , Zhou Yanping , Chen Qian , Zhu Huacheng , Yang Yang , Zhang Bing , Huang Kama 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGraphene has received intensive research interest in various areas due to its outstanding mechanical, electrical properties, high specific surface area and 2D flexible structure. Mechanical exfoliation generates defect‐free graphene, but suffers from ultra‐low yield. This drawback can be partially overcome by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD). However, conventional CVD imposes high temperature. In recent years, microwave plasma‐enhanced CVD (MPCVD) has been widely investigated as a viable strategy toward large‐area graphene synthesis. In this review, important issues during the process are summarized. Firstly, various MPCVD devices that have been explored for graphene synthesis are presented. Secondly, effect of carbon sources, nitrogen‐containing gases, and CO2 in the precursors are discussed. Thirdly, MPCVD enabled direct synthesis of graphene on metal substrates and non‐metal sustrates is discussed. Finally, the advances of MPCVD in lowering the graphene synthesis temperature are demonstrated.
Rational Design of Anti‐Epileptic Peptides to Inhibit MAPK/MKP‐2 Interactions for Epilepsy Therapeutics**
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Akram Fatima , Liaqat Syed Talha , Zaib Zainab , Mustafa Faisal , Khan Imtiaz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) inhibitory protein is a potent endogenous inhibitor in the neo‐cortex of human for epileptic signaling, also known as DUSP4 (dual specificity phosphate 4). In human epileptic brain the MAPK pathway is activated, importantly in its cortical lamina. MAPK executes its special effects by binding to crystal structure of human MKP‐2. The inhibition of MAPK/MKP‐2 interaction is known as an effective epileptic therapeutic strategy. The present study targeted the construction of an MKP‐2 peptides based on MAPK binding regions. Peptide ranker serves were used to generate the possible peptide library with the prediction of peptides bioactivity. The interaction of MKP‐2 and all library peptides were analyzed using Hex 8.0.0, ClusPro tools and PatchDock. A number of six peptides with favorable docking scores were achieved. The best docking scores of peptides complexed with MKP‐2 were evaluated for their stability using molecular dynamics simulation (MD) with the help of the iMODS. As a result, two peptides with 16 residues of PepA (TICLAYLMMKKRVRL) and PepB (DNHKADISSWFMEAI) were achieved and introduced to inhibit MAPK/MKP‐2 interactions. In summary, PepA and PepB are recommended as a promising antiepileptic agents and suitable candidates for experimental evaluations. Additionally, this study provides new insights into the peptide engineering and development of therapeutics for epilepsy.
Diclofenac Imprinted Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Based Sensor
Authors: Çaktü Kıvılcım , Özgür Erdoğan , Bereli Nilay , Denizli Adil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe point of the study is the design of diclofenac (DFC) imprinted SPR sensor to detect DFC. Firstly, pre‐complex was formed using DFC and methacrylic acid (MAA). Pre‐complex was copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) on the allyl mercaptan functionalized SPR chip. DFC imprinted SPR sensor surface was characterized through atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. DFC adsorption kinetics of SPR sensor was examined using DFC aqueous solutions between 0,005 μg/mL and 10,0 μg/mL. Langmuir adsorption model was defined as the most fitted model. Competitive adsorption of DFC and carbamazebine was investigated to examine the selectivity. Non‐imprinted SPR sensor was formed to investigate imprinting effect.
New Approach to Biologically Active Indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Derivatives through Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation
Authors: Sadykhov Gusein A. , Belyaev Danila V. , Vakhrusheva Diana V. , Eremeeva Natalya I. , Khramtsova Ekaterina E. , Pervova Marina G. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Verbitskiy Egor V. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA convenient synthetic protocol to antiviral agent B‐220 and a series of similar indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline derivatives has been developed. This synthetic approach is based on Buchwald‐Hartwig cross‐coupling and subsequent annulation by intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. For the first time, 6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline amine derivatives were evaluated for antimycobacterial activity. The moderate bacteriostatic effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was found. A plausible mechanism of antibacterial action was elucidated by the molecular docking.
Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Liu Jiale , Huang Mengyao , Hua Zhongyu , Dong Yi , Feng Zeran , Sun Tiedong , Chen Chunxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are stable metal anion clusters formed by pre‐transition metal elements in their highest oxidation state, with rich chemical composition and diverse structures. However, the highly dispersed structure makes it difficult to perform catalytic activity in a stable manner. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) with high specific surface and topological structure are a unique class of solid porous materials based on metal ions or metal clusters and organic ligands. In recent years, numerous studies have combined these two as POMOF composite nanoplatform, which not only retains the advantages of them but also ameliorates the shortcomings. With active reactivity, high stability and large specific surface area, this synergistic and complementary combination makes it a promising composite nanomaterial. This mini‐review presents the applications of POMOFs in different fields, including combating environmental problems and energy crises, catalyzing organic reactions, biosensors and supercapacitors, and presents the prospect of future work of POMOFs.
High Sodium Ion Mobility of PEO‐NaTFSI‐Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Composite Solid Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Na‐S Battery
Authors: Ge Zhi , Li Jie , Liu Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA composite solid electrolyte based on PEO‐NaTFSI (polyethylene oxide‐sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) and Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is fabricated for all‐solid‐state Na−S battery (ASSB). When the molar ratio of EO (ethylene oxide of PEO) to Na+ (sodium ion of NaTFSI) is 20 and the amount of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is 30 wt%, a highest ionic conductivity of 3.14×10−4 S cm−1 and the sodium ion transference number of 0.66 are achieved at 60 °C. Harnessing the electrolyte's improved sodium ion transport abilities enables ASSB's assembled with a sulfur cathode and sodium metal anode to exhibit highly reversible current‐rates and capacity retention. At 0.2 C and 60 °C, the battery delivers a superior discharge capacity of 1110.0 mAh g−1 in the first cycle and maintains 666.8 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles with a stable Coulombic efficiency near 100 %.