bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TfR Aptamer Enhanced Blood‐Brain Barrier Penetration of Biomimetic Nanocomplexes for Intracellular Transglutaminase 2 Imaging and Silencing in Glioma
Authors: Su Juan , Yao Zhipeng , Chen Zixuan , Zhou Sisi , Wang Zhi , Xia Hongping , Liu Songqin , Wu Yafeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEngineering a versatile nanocomplex integrating effective penetration of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), accurate diagnosis, and boosting therapy has always been an intractable challenge in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Herein, biomimetic nanocomplexes (TMPsM) for single intracellular transglutaminase 2 (TG2)‐triggered self‐assembly imaging and RNAi therapy for GBM are subtly developed. To prove the concept, transferrin receptor (TfR) aptamer‐modified brain metastatic tumor cell membrane is prepared as the shell for dual BBB targeting capability and prolonged blood retention time. Upon targeting entering into GBM, hollow MnO2 is decomposed to release KKGKGQQ‐tetraphenylethene (Pep‐TPE) and siRNA. Owing to TG2 dependence, the non‐emissive Pep‐TPE would be self‐aggregated to induce the emission turn‐on in GBM that contain overexpressed TG2. The resulting aggregation‐induced emission fluorescence imaging with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio can achieve the precise localization of the tumor and dynamic detection of TG2 activity, thereby allowing the GBM accurate diagnosis. Notably, the TG2 can be silenced by the released siRNA to cause cell apoptosis and increase chemotherapeutic sensitivity, ultimately realizing excellent antitumor efficacy. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the as‐prepared TMPsM indeed possess superior BBB penetration, precise diagnosis, and effective therapy of GBM. The proposed strategy may pioneer a new path for the theranostics of brain tumors.
Experimental and numerical investigations of the effectiveness of engineered cementitious composites and stainless steel plates in shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Hamoda Ahmed , Ahmed Mizan , Sennah Khaled 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams incorporating engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and stainless steel plates (SSPs). The use of ECC, characterized by strain‐hardening in conjunction with SSPs, was investigated in this study to improve the shear performance of RC beams. Total 10 RC beams were tested under static loading up to failure to investigate a few key parameters, namely: material of strengthening (ECC and SSPs), the thickness of ECC, and shape and configuration of SSPs. Experimental findings showed that the proposed strengthening methods can significantly improve the failure pattern and increase the ultimate shear capacity of the studied RC beams by 36%–97% compared to the unstrengthened beam. Experimental results were compared against the predicted ultimate shear strength of RC beams using design equations specified by various design codes. Nonlinear three‐dimensional finite element modeling was developed for beams strengthened with ECC layer and validated against the test results and found to be accurate. Based on the experimental and numerical results, new shear capacity formulae were proposed considering the ratio of ECC‐to‐concrete beam cross‐section (ρECC) and then verified against the numerical predictions.
Tissue-Specific CRISPR-Cas9 Screening in Drosophila
Authors: Port Fillip , Boutros Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the last century research in Drosophila has resulted in many fundamental contributions to our understanding of the biology of multicellular organisms. Many of these breakthroughs have been based on the identification of novel gene functions in large-scale genetic screens. However, conventional forward-genetic screens have been limited by the random nature of mutagenesis and difficulties in mapping causal mutations, while reverse-genetic RNAi screens suffer from incomplete knockdown of gene expression. Recently developed large-scale CRISPR-Cas9 libraries promise to address these limitations by allowing the induction of targeted mutations in genes with spatial and temporal control. Here, we provide a guide for tissue-specific CRISPR screening in Drosophila, including the characterization of Gal4 UAS-Cas9 lines, selection of sgRNA libraries, and various quality control measures. We also discuss confounding factors that can give rise to false-positive and false-negative results in such experiments and suggest strategies on how to detect and avoid them. Conditional CRISPR screening represents an exciting new approach for functional genomics in vivo and is set to further expand our knowledge of the molecular underpinning of development, homeostasis, and disease.
Planning Cities in Africa—Current Issues and Future Prospects of Urban Governance and Planning: An Introduction
Authors: Alem Gebregiorgis Genet , Namangaya Ally Hassan , Greiving Stefan , Kombe Wilbard Jackson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAfrican urbanisation is at the crossroad. Despite the ever-growing urban challenges and rapid transformation of cities in Africa, there is a positive trend of knowledge production and dynamic policy reforms aiming at a better management of urbanisation and related development fields. The discourse on current African urban challenges and prospects is calling for a change of perspective in understanding urban Africa from its own sociocultural and historical context. Scholars, for instance, (Connell, Plan Theory 13:210–223, 2014), (Robinson, J. (2006) Ordinary cities: between modernity and development. London; New York: Routledge (Questioning cities); Robinson, Int J Urban Reg Res 35:1–23, 2011)) and (Watson, V. (2009) ‘Seeing from the South: Refocusing Urban Planning on the Globe’s Central Urban Issues’, 46(11), pp. 2259–2275; Watson, Plan Theory Pract 15:62–76, 2014b) argue that the diversity and uniqueness of each urban context developing at the intersection of local, regional and global challenges, threats and production of knowledge. In light of this, the chapter gives an insight into the conceptual framing of this book, including the key thematic areas; and an overview of topics covered by the chapters. The book has three thematic areas: planning theories and Models; the state of planning education and capacity; participatory and multi-governance approach towards current urban challenges. Under these themes, the chapter introduces several cases from various cities across Africa.
The State, Trust and Cooperation: Local Government-Residents’ Joint Neighbourhood Upgrading Initiatives in Addis Ababa
Authors: Woldetsadik Lia Gabremariam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCollaborative planning is acknowledged to enable several positive outcomes including the building of local knowledge and capacities. It is deemed to facilitate mobilisation of resources, support, acceptance, coordination of action and ownership. However, the collaborative planning literature’s focus on techniques to perfect the process design (i.e., regarding modalities for structuring participation, communication and deliberations) to transform social and political institutions pays little attention to the penetration of planning practices by the overall institutional environment that impede or enable operationalising these techniques. And based on Western liberal realities, it presumes that a minimum level of trust and at least democratic culture and cooperative norms needed for collaborative planning exist everywhere. As de Satgé and Watson (Urban planning in the global south: conflicting rationalities in contested urban space, Springer, 2018) argue, the “thin and instrumental assumptions” that planning theories make regarding the applicability of public participation or collaborative planning do not fit in with what is on the ground in other contexts, such as what is found in many parts of Africa. The chapter aims to bring the state back into the collaborative planning discourse by analysing how government systems affect the conceptions and actions of the different urban actors in collective action. Through local government-residents’ joint urban upgrading projects in two localities of Addis Ababa, it provides insight into the link between government systems, trust, planning practices and cooperation.
Revisiting Stokes’ Theory of Slums: Towards Decolonised Housing Concepts from the Global South
Authors: Beier Raffael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, large-scale housing programmes have experienced a revival in many countries of the Global South. They are criticised for their top-down, standardised, and supply-driven nature, which hardly meets people’s demands. At the heart of the problem lies the concept of “material decency”—a normative and shelter-centric notion of housing, inspired by colonial planning and developmentalist thought. Many African housing programmes confuse “material decency” with the demand-driven, bottom-up concept, of adequate housing. Following this, the stigmatisation of autoconstructed neighbourhoods prevails and housing is primarily reduced to a question of material shelter. Adding to significant contributions about the need for southern perspectives on urban planning, this chapter offers an alternative entry point by revisiting Stokes’A Theory of Slumspublished in 1962. Interestingly, Stokes’ theory did not deal with housing directly but focused on “slum” dwellers’ socioeconomic integration and structural factors of exclusion. I argue to re-interpret Stokes’ notion of barriers to social escalation as a structural discrimination of “slum” dwellers. Such stigmatisation may be read as a major reason behind the proliferation of so-called slums. Based on the author’s fieldwork in Morocco and additional literature, the aim is to deconstruct the role of “material decency” and to offer pathways towards decolonised housing concepts from the Global South. For this purpose, the chapter suggests five cornerstones of adequate housing, namely subjectivity, non-materiality, flexibility, contextuality, and choice.
Climate Change Adaptation and Planning Education in Southern Africa
Authors: Matamanda Abraham R. , Kohima Jennilee M. , Nel Verna , Chirisa Innocent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCities in Southern Africa are experiencing a rapid rate of urbanisation, which exacerbates the impacts of climate change on cities. The recent droughts and water stress in Cape Town, South Africa and Windhoek, Namibia, impacts of Cyclone Idai that destroyed 90% of Beira city, and recurrent heatwaves are evidence of the impacts of climate change on cities in the region. Planners are responsible for the spatial configuration of spaces and places such that cities are safe, resilient, sustainable, and inclusive; hence planning for climate change is imperative. In this study, we argue that the recurrence of climate change-related disasters in Southern Africa reflects the lack of skills, knowledge and capabilities among planners to integrate climate change adaptation into urban planning processes. Like any other profession, planning practice is informed by education and training of the graduates, which influences their worldview and ideology that they take into the professional world. This study examines the contribution of planning education to climate change adaptation in Southern Africa, using the case of Zimbabwe, South Africa and Namibia. Using content analysis of course syllabi in terms of the pedagogy on climate change adaptation, the study identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities schools impart to planning students. The study reveals that climate change is recognised as a planning dilemma, but it is yet to be integrated into the planning curriculum and is consequently marginalised.
Qualities of Urban Planning and the Conflict Between Participatory Planning and Planning Standards: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Digafe Behailu Melesse , Adam Achamyeleh Gashu , Shibeshi Gebeyehu Belay , Meshesha Mengiste Abate 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Ethiopian hybrid planning system applies both top-down and bottom-up planning approaches simultaneously. This causes vague quality measurement indices of the urban plan and is a major obstacle for both the planning team and other stakeholders to measure quality. The chapter examines and dialectically discusses the contradictory measurement indices regarding the quality by taking Bahir Dar City Structural Plan Project as a case study. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the planning team and stakeholders for the study. This chapter argues that challenge arises from the system that uses two, often conflicting, yardsticks to measure quality, i.e. meeting the pre-defined standards and fulfilling the participants’ interest. Therefore, it suggests that the quality of an urban plan should be primarily measured in terms of the local planning standard, which is the “public acceptance”. Public acceptance here is described, measured and defined as the stakeholder’s perception that the plan is of good enough quality for implementation.
Einleitung
Authors: Gier Nadine R. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Open-Access-Buch zur Consumer Decision Neuroscience verfolgt das Ziel, durch die Integration neurowissenschaftlicher Methoden in die Käufer- und Konsumentenverhaltensforschung die Identifikation verhaltensrelevanter, neurophysiologischer Variablen zu ermöglichen, um darauf aufbauend eine Theorieerweiterung zu schaffen. In Kapitel 1 wird die wissenschaftliche Relevanz der vorliegenden Arbeit im zeitlichen Bezug und disziplinären Kontext dargestellt sowie die sich daraus ergebende Zielsetzung abgeleitet.
Systematische Einordnung der Beiträge
Authors: Gier Nadine R. 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung In Kapitel 3 werden die ausgewählten Beiträge in das Reflektiv-Impulsiv Modell eingeordnet und in diesem Zusammenhang die wesentlichen inhaltlichen Aspekte der einzelnen Beiträge beschrieben. Dadurch soll das neurowissenschaftlich fundierte Modell anhand verschiedener methodischer Vorgehensweisen als übergeordneter Rahmen für die Beschreibung, Unterstützung und Vorhersage von Konsumentenentscheidungsprozessen im Rahmen der Consumer Decision Neuroscience geprüft werden.
Ausgewählte Beiträge
Authors: Gier Nadine R. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIn ausgewählten Beiträgen werden Käufer- und Konsumentenentscheidungsprozesse anhand verschiedener methodischer, neurowissenschaftlich fundierter Herangehensweisen empirisch untersucht, um die Entscheidungsprozesse umfassend beschreiben, effektiver unterstützen und erfolgreich vorhersagen zu können.
Berry phases, wormholes and factorization in AdS/CFT
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Dorband Moritz , Erdmenger Johanna , Meyer René , Weigel Anna-Lena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For two-dimensional holographic CFTs, we demonstrate the role of Berry phases for relating the non-factorization of the Hilbert space to the presence of wormholes. The wormholes are characterized by a non-exact symplectic form that gives rise to the Berry phase. For wormholes connecting two spacelike regions in gravitational spacetimes, we find that the non-exactness is linked to a variable appearing in the phase space of the boundary CFT. This variable corresponds to a loop integral in the bulk. Through this loop integral, non-factorization becomes apparent in the dual entangled CFTs. Furthermore, we classify Berry phases in holographic CFTs based on the type of dual bulk diffeomorphism involved. We distinguish between Virasoro, gauge and modular Berry phases, each corresponding to a spacetime wormhole geometry in the bulk. Using kinematic space, we extend a relation between the modular Hamiltonian and the Berry curvature to the finite temperature case. We find that the Berry curvature, given by the Crofton form, characterizes the topological transition of the entanglement entropy in presence of a black hole.
The most critically injured polytrauma patient mortality: should it be a measurement of trauma system performance?
Authors: Hardy Benjamin Maurice , Enninghorst Natalie , King Kate Louise , Balogh Zsolt Janos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The risk of death after traumatic injury in developed trauma systems is at an all-time low. Among ‘major trauma’ patients (injury severity score, ISS > 15), the risk of dying is less than 10%. This group contains critical polytrauma patients (ISS 50–75), with high risks of death. We hypothesized that the reduction in trauma mortality was driven by reduction in moderate injury severity and that death from critical polytrauma remained persistently high.

Methods
A 20-year retrospective analysis ending December 2021 of a Level-1 trauma center’s registry was performed on all trauma patients admitted with ISS > 15. Patients’ demographics, injury severity and outcomes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Mortality was examined for the entire study group and separately for the subset of critical polytrauma patients (ISS 50–75).

Results
A total of 8462 severely injured (ISS > 15) trauma patients were identified during the 20-year period. Of these 238 (2.8%) were critical polytrauma patients (ISS 50–75). ISS > 15 mortality decreased from 11.3 to 9.4% over the study period (Adjusted OR 0.98, 0.97–0.99). ISS 50–75 mortality did not change significantly (46.2–60.0%), adjusted OR 0.96, 0.92–1.00).

Conclusion
The improvement in trauma mortality over the past 20 years has not been experienced equally. The ISS50-75 critical polytrauma mortality is a practical group to capture. It could be a group for deeper study and reporting to drive improvement.
Circumferential periosteal block versus hematoma block for the reduction of distal radius and ulna fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lari Ali , Jarragh Ali , Alherz Mohammad , Nouri Abdullah , Behbehani Mousa , Alnusif Naser 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the analgesic efficacy of the circumferential periosteal block (CPB) and compare it with the conventional fracture hematoma block (HB).

Methods
This study was a prospective single-center randomized controlled trial performed in a national orthopedic hospital. Fifty patients with displaced distal radius (with or without concomitant ulna) fractures requiring reduction were randomized to receive either CPB or HB prior to the reduction. Pain was sequentially measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) across three stages; before administration of local anesthesia (baseline), during administration (injection) and during manipulation and immobilization (manipulation). Further, the effect of demographic factors on the severity of pain was analyzed in multivariate regression. Finally, complications and end outcomes were compared across both techniques.

Results
Patients receiving CPB experienced significantly less pain scores during manipulation (VAS = 0.64) compared with HB (VAS = 2.44) (p =  < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between groups at baseline (P = 0.55) and injection (P = 0.40) stages.

Conclusion
The CPB provides a superior analgesic effect over the conventional HB with no documented complications in either technique.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic Level II.
Acoustic tomography outputs in comparison to the properties of degraded wood in beech trees
Authors: Cristini Valentino , Tippner Jan , Tomšovský Michal , Zlámal Jan , Mařík Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interpretation of the outputs of acoustic tomography is often altered by different physical and mechanical parameters. Detailed information on the relationships between static mechanical properties and dynamic parameters of intact and degraded green wood can improve the results of this device-supported method used for tree stability assessment. This research presents a graphic and statistic comparison of acoustic tomography outputs with the laboratory assessed material parameters. The analysis was based on the relationship between the dynamic and static mechanical parameters of four cross-sections from two living tree stems. The occurrence of seven white and soft rot fungi was taken into consideration. The influence of density ($$\uprho$$
ρ
) on stress-wave propagation ($$v$$
v
) was proved. A strong correlation between the dynamic moduli of elasticity ($${E}_{dyn}$$

E

dyn

) and compressive strength ($$\upsigma$$
σ
) is reported. A higher heterogeneity of wood degradation among the cross-section can lead to an underestimation of the defect during AT assessment. The dynamic modulus of elasticity $${E}_{dyn}$$

E

dyn

was less influenced than $$v$$
v
by the heterogeneity of degraded wood. Therefore, $${E}_{dyn}$$

E

dyn

can be used to form a better interpretation of acoustic tomography assessment of standing beech trees. Due to the complexity of the topic, further investigation of previously mentioned relationships is still needed.
The relationship between patriotism and regional identification: a cross-country analysis
Authors: Dirksmeier Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPatriotism—as an ambivalent attitude towards the nation—has less exclusionary characteristics than nationalism and regional identification, because it does not require comparisons and hierarchies. What is less clear, however, is how to explain the positive evaluation of patriotism in the wider population. The article analyses the positive relationship of patriotism with nationalism and regional identification in 29 national and 421 regional contexts. The paper clearly shows that different factors explain the positive evaluation of patriotism and the mind-set of patriotism itself. While a nationalist attitude and regional identification at the individual level are strongly associated with a positive evaluation of patriotism and patriotism itself, institutionalised forms of regional autonomy are shown to be insignificant for the evaluation of patriotism and ambivalent for patriotism itself at the context level. The article concludes by discussing these results in the context of a Janus-faced nature of regional identification that can contribute to an inclusive society as much as to a nationalist-chauvinist attitude and which has so far been overlooked in regional science.
A model and its experiment using compressed cold air to clean the active surface of a grinding wheel during sharping of a hob cutter
Authors: Stachurski Wojciech , Sawicki Jacek , Krupanek Krzysztof , Nadolny Krzysztof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe removal of chips, which is produced during the grinding process and forms, among other things, cloggings on the grinding wheel active surface (GWAS), is key to extending wheel life and achieving low surface roughness. Currently, as a result of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method of delivery coolant into the cutting zone, the support of chips removal with a stream of cooled compressed air (CCA) is becoming particularly important. Among other things, the angle of the CCA jet delivery nozzle with respect to the GWAS is responsible for the removal efficiency, which has to be considered individually for each grinding process variation, and experimental tests alone do not give an idea of the CCA jet flow. In the present study, a numerical flow analysis (using the computational fluid dynamics method) of cooled compressed air in the grinding zone during the sharpening of a hob cutter face was carried out. The results of the numerical simulations were verified experimentally by determining the percentage of the grinding wheel cloggingZ%. The experimental results confirmed the conclusions from the numerical analysis regarding the most favorable angle of the CCA nozzle. TheZ% = 5.3 clogging index obtained when grinding with the CCA nozzle set at an angle of 45° is 2.5 times lower than theZ% = 13.5 index determined for the most favorable setting of the MQL nozzle. Simultaneous delivery of CCA and air-oil aerosol using the MQL-CCA method resulted in the lowestZ% = 2.5, comparable to theZ% = 2.0 obtained for a grinding wheel operating under cooling conditions with a water-based oil emulsion delivered by the flood method (WET).