bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External rectal prolapse: abdominal or perineal repair for men? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Bang , Zou Qi , Xian Zhenyu , Su Dan , Liu Chao , Lu Li , Luo Minyi , Chen Zixu , Cai Keyu , Gao Han , Peng Hui , Cao Wuteng , Ren Donglin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
External rectal prolapse is a relatively rare disease, in which male patients account for a minority. The selection of abdominal repair or perineal repair for male patients has rarely been investigated.

Methods
Fifty-one male patients receiving abdominal repair (laparoscopic ventral rectopexy) or perineal repair (Delorme or Altemeier procedures) at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) between March 2013 and September 2019 were retrospectively analysed. We compared the recurrence, complication rate, post-operative defecation disorder, length of stay, and quality of life between the abdominal and perineal groups.

Results
Of the 51 patients, 45 had a complete follow-up, with a median of 48.5 months (range, 22.8–101.8 months). A total of 35 patients were under age 40 years. The complication rate associated with abdominal repair was less than that associated with perineal repair (0% vs 20.7%, P = 0.031) and the recurrence rate was also lower (9.5% vs 41.7%, P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis showed that perineal repair (odds ratio, 9.827; 95% confidence interval, 1.296–74.50; P = 0.027) might be a risk factor for recurrence. Moreover, only perineal repair significantly improved post-operative constipation status (preoperative vs post-operative, 72.4% vs 25.0%, P = 0.001). There was no reported mortality in either of the groups. No patient's sexual function was affected by the surgery.

Conclusions
Both surgical approaches were safe in men. Compared with perineal repair, the complication rate and recurrence rate for abdominal repair were lower. However, perineal repair was better able to correct constipation.
ccd-5, a novel cdk-5 binding partner, regulates pioneer axon guidance in the ventral nerve cord of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Feresten Abigail H , Bhat Jaffar M , Yu Alex J , Zapf Richard , Safi Hamida , Au Vinci , Flibotte Stephane , Doell Claudia , Moerman Donald G , Hawkins Nancy , Rankin Catharine H , Hutter Harald 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During nervous system development, axons navigate complex environments to reach synaptic targets. Early extending axons must interact with guidance cues in the surrounding tissue, while later extending axons can interact directly with earlier “pioneering” axons, “following” their path. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the AVG neuron pioneers the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. We previously found that aex-3, a rab-3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is essential for AVG axon navigation in a nid-1 mutant background and that aex-3 might be involved in trafficking of UNC-5, a receptor for the guidance cue UNC-6/netrin. Here, we describe a new gene in this pathway: ccd-5, a putative cdk-5 binding partner. ccd-5 mutants exhibit increased navigation defects of AVG pioneer as well as interneuron and motor neuron follower axons in a nid-1 mutant background. We show that ccd-5 acts in a pathway with cdk-5, aex-3, and unc-5. Navigation defects of follower interneuron and motoneuron axons correlate with AVG pioneer axon defects. This suggests that ccd-5 mostly affects pioneer axon navigation and that follower axon defects are largely a secondary consequence of pioneer navigation defects. To determine the consequences for nervous system function, we assessed various behavioral and movement parameters. ccd-5 single mutants have no significant movement defects, and nid-1 ccd-5 double mutants are less responsive to mechanosensory stimuli compared with nid-1 single mutants. These surprisingly minor defects indicate either a high tolerance for axon guidance defects within the motor circuit and/or an ability to maintain synaptic connections among commonly misguided axons.
Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services for chronic diseases and their medication adherence during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Lucca Jisha M , Kurdi Sawsan , Albaqshi Batool , Joseph Royes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesDuring the ongoing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, chronic disease management and medication adherence have become challenging; thus, health-related quality of life may have been compromised. As highly trusted healthcare providers, pharmacies in Saudi Arabia have undergone restructuring or redesign to cope with the current demands during the pandemic. The study assessed satisfaction levels of patients with chronic diseases concerning pharmaceutical care services provided during COVID-19 in addition to medication adherence and quality of life during the pandemic.MethodsAn online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was administered. Saudi residents suffering from chronic diseases and receiving pharmaceutical care from a hospital or community pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic were eligible. The survey was created using Google Forms and distributed through online channels. The survey targeted 385 participants.Key findingsA sample of 317 patients was included. More than half had missed a follow-up visit for their chronic conditions since the beginning of the pandemic. The overall mean score ± standard deviation for the satisfaction level with pharmaceutical care services was 22.0 ± 10.3 on a scale of 0–36 with different satisfaction levels for different services. In addition to a good level of medication adherence, a high percentage of these patients reported no problem in most of the dimensions of the EQ-5D scale.ConclusionsPharmacists should take a more proactive and consultive role to deliver healthcare needs of patients with a chronic condition and be aware of patient expectations from a pharmacist in situations, such as the current pandemic.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Upregulates TRAIL-R3 Expression in Hepatocytes Resulting in Escape From Both Cell Apoptosis and Suppression of HBV Replication by TRAIL
Authors: Suehiro Yosuke , Tsuge Masataka , Kurihara Mio , Uchida Takuro , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Yamauchi Masami , Naswa Makokha Grace , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Imamura Michio , Aikata Hiroshi , Nelson Hayes C , Fujita Takashi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) evades host immunity by regulating intracellular signals. To clarify this immune tolerance mechanism, we performed gene expression analysis using HBV-infected humanized mouse livers.MethodsTumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 3 (TRAIL-R3) was significantly upregulated in livers of HBV-infected human hepatocyte transplanted mice by cDNA microarray and next-generation sequencing. We analyzed the significance of TRAIL-R3 upregulation in HBV infection using human hepatocyte transplanted mice and HepG2 cell lines.ResultsTRAIL-R3 induction by HBV infection was verified by in vitro and in vivo HBV replication models, and induction was inhibited by antiviral nucleot(s)ide analogue treatment. TRAIL-R3 transcription was regulated by the TRAIL-R3 promoter at −969 to −479 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site, and by hepatitis B x (HBx) via activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal. TRAIL not only induced cell apoptosis but also inhibited HBV replication. TRAIL-R3 upregulation could inhibit both TRAIL-dependent apoptosis in HBV-infected hepatocytes and TRAIL-mediated suppression of HBV replication.ConclusionsThese results suggest a mechanism by which HBV persists by escaping host immunity through upregulation of TRAIL-R3. Development of novel drugs to inhibit this escape system might lead to complete HBV elimination from human hepatocytes.
Diurnal shift of mouse activity by the deficiency of an ageing-related gene Lmna
Authors: Kawakami Satoshi , Yoshitane Hikari , Morimura Taiki , Kimura Wataru , Fukada Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nuclear lamina is a fundamental structure of the cell nucleus and regulates a wide range of molecular pathways. Defects of components of the nuclear lamina cause ageing-like physiological disorders, called laminopathy. Generally, ageing and diseases are often associated with perturbation of various time-of-day–dependent regulations, but it remains elusive whether laminopathy induces any changes of the circadian clock and physiological rhythms. Here, we demonstrated that deficiency of Lmna gene in mice caused an obvious shift of locomotor activities to the daytime. The abnormal activity profile was accompanied by a remarkable change in phase angle between the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the lung peripheral clocks, leaving the phase of the SCN clock unaffected by the mutation. These observations suggest that Lmna deficiency causes a change of the habitat from nocturnal to diurnal behaviours. On the other hand, molecular oscillation and its phase resetting mechanism were intact in both the Lmna-deficient cells and progeria-mimicking cells. Intriguingly, high-fat diet feeding extended the short lifespan and ameliorated the abnormalities of the behaviours and the phase of the peripheral clock in the Lmna-deficient mice. The present study supports the important contribution of the energy conditions to a shift between the diurnal and nocturnal activities.
In vitro and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity of the ethanol extract of Heritiera fomes bark and characterization of pharmacologically active phytomolecules
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Azam Shofiul , Seidel Veronique , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to demonstrate the mechanistic basis of Heritiera fomes, which has traditionally been used to treat diabetes.

Methods
Clonal pancreatic β-cells and primary islets were used to measure insulin release. 3T3-L1 cells were used to analyse insulin action, and in vitro systems were used to measure further glucose-lowering activity. In vivo assessment was performed on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-2 diabetic rats and reversed-phase-HPLC followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect bioactive molecules.

Key findings
Ethanol extract of Heritiera fomes (EEHF) significantly increased insulin release with stimulatory effects comparable to 1 µM glucagon-like peptide 1, which were somewhat reduced by diazoxide, verapamil and calcium-free conditions. Insulin release was stimulated by tolbutamide, isobutyl methylxanthine and KCl. EEHF induced membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. EEHF enhanced glucose uptake in 3T3L1 cells and decreased protein glycation. EEHF significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycaemia following sucrose loading and inversely elevated unabsorbed sucrose concentration in the gut. It suppressed glucose absorption during in situ gut perfusion. Furthermore, EEHF improved glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and gut motility, and decreased plasma dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. Procyanidins, epicatechin and proanthocyanidins were some of the identified bioactive constituents that may involve in β-cell actions.

Conclusions
This study provides some evidence to support the use of H. fomes as an antidiabetic traditional remedy.
What drives galaxy quenching? A deep connection between galaxy kinematics and quenching in the local Universe
Authors: Brownson Simcha , Bluck Asa F L , Maiolino Roberto , Jones Gareth C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We develop a 2D inclined rotating disc model, which we apply to the stellar velocity maps of 1862 galaxies taken from the MaNGA survey (SDSS public Data Release 15) . We use a random forest classifier to identify the kinematic parameters that are most connected to galaxy quenching. We find that kinematic parameters that relate predominantly to the disc (such as the mean rotational velocity) and parameters that characterize whether a galaxy is rotation- or dispersion-dominated (such as the ratio of rotational velocity to velocity dispersion) are not fundamentally linked to the quenching of star formation. Instead, we find overwhelmingly that it is the absolute level of velocity dispersion (a property that relates primarily to a galaxy’s bulge/spheroidal component) that is most important for separating star-forming and quenched galaxies. Furthermore, a partial correlation analysis shows that many commonly discussed correlations between galaxy properties and quenching are spurious, and that the fundamental correlation is between quenching and velocity dispersion. In particular, we find that at fixed velocity dispersion, there is only a very weak dependence of quenching on the disc properties, whereby more discy galaxies are slightly more likely to be forming stars. By invoking the tight relationship between black hole mass and velocity dispersion, and noting that black hole mass traces the total energy released by active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we argue that these data support a scenario in which quenching occurs by preventive feedback from AGNs. The kinematic measurements from this work are publicly available.
Combining Guided Intervention of Education and Relaxation (GIER) with Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) in the Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Buse Dawn C , Rabany Liron , Lin Tamar , Ironi Alon , Connelly Mark A , Bickel Jennifer L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence indicates that combining behavioral treatments with pharmacological treatments for migraine prevention improves efficacy, but little is known about the outcomes of combining neuromodulation and behavioral interventions for acute treatment of migraine. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–cleared nonpharmacological migraine treatment. The present study evaluated the clinical benefits of augmenting REN treatment with a specially tailored behavioral therapy consisting of Guided Intervention of Education and Relaxation (GIER) for the acute treatment of migraine.

Methods
In this two-arm observational study, real-world data were collected from patients across the United States who were using the REN device. Eighty-five migraine patients ≥18 years of age who treated their attacks with REN in parallel with the GIER intervention were individually matched on age and sex with 85 patients who used REN alone. The groups were compared on the proportion of migraine attacks in which they achieved pain relief, pain freedom, improvement of function, and return to normal function, all at 2 hours after treatment.

Results
Data from 170 users were analyzed (85 per group). Compared with the REN-only group, the REN+GIER group displayed a statistically significant higher proportion of patients achieving consistent pain relief (P = 0.008), consistent improvement in function (P = 0.014), and consistent return to normal function (P = 0.005), all at 2 hours after treatment.

Conclusions
The results suggest that combining the GIER behavioral intervention with REN treatment can improve the therapeutic efficacy beyond that of REN alone, in terms of both pain level and improvement of disability.
Isotonitazene, a novel psychoactive substance opioid, detected in two cases following a local surge in opioid overdoses
Authors: De Baerdemaeker K S C , Dines A M , Hudson S , Sund L J , Waters M L , Hunter L J , Blundell M S , Archer J R H , Wood D M , Dargan P I 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIsotonitazene is a novel opioid that was first reported in Europe in 2019. There have been no reports of the detection of isotonitazene in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute drug toxicity.AimThere was an increase in presentations to our emergency department with acute opioid toxicity in August 2021. We aim to describe this outbreak and provide detail on two cases in which isotonitazene was quantified in serum samples.MethodsSerum samples were available for comprehensive toxicological analysis for two presentations. Written consent was obtained and the samples were analysed through a Thermo XRS ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography system, interfaced to a Thermo Q Exactive high-resolution accurate mass spectrometer, operating in heated positive ion electrospray mode. Acquired data were processed using Toxfinder software (Thermo) against a regularly updated in-house database.ResultsThere was an increase in acute opioid presentations to our emergency department from a median of 10 per month to 36 in August 2021. Twenty were treated with naloxone, and 23 were admitted to the hospital for observation and treatment. Serum sample analysis from two patients with acute opioid toxicity responsive to naloxone detected the presence of isotonitazene (0.18 and 0.81 ng/ml).ConclusionWe report a cluster of acute opioid toxicity presentations to our Emergency Department with detection of isotonitazene in two cases. Analytical screening is important in determining the presence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and to help inform the public health of the implications of NPS use, particularly during clusters of acute recreational drug toxicity presentations.
Anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with the prognosis of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Gui Xianhua , Shenyun Shi , Ding Hui , Wang Rujia , Tong Jingzhi , Yu Min , Zhao Tingting , Ma Miao , Ding Jingjing , Xin Xiaoyan , Qiu Yuying , Qiu Xiaohua , Zhang Yingwei , Cao Min , Huang Mei , Cao Mengshu , Dai Jinghong , Cai Hourong , Xiao Yonglong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-Ro52 antibodies in a cohort of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) with different myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs).

Methods
A cohort of 267 IIM-ILD patients, including 62 patients with PM, 126 patients with DM and 79 patients with clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) were retrospectively analysed in this study. Clinical and laboratory findings, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), HRCT patterns and treatment information were compared between patients with and without anti-Ro52 antibodies. The association between prognosis and anti-Ro52 antibodies was also evaluated based on different MSA subgroups.

Results
Anti-Ro52 antibodies were more frequent in patients with anti-MDA5 (62.1%, P &lt; 0.01) and anti-Jo1 (64.9%, P &lt; 0.01) antibodies than in those with other MSAs. The proportion of patients with anti-Jo1 antibodies was higher in the anti-Ro52 antibody-positive group than in the anti-Ro52 antibody-negative group. Patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies were more likely to exhibit the Gottron sign than the anti-Ro52 antibody-negative group (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, it was a predictive factor for rapid progression interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) (P = 0.001) and was also associated with a higher mortality rate (log-rank test, P = 0.001). Furthermore, RP-ILD was more frequently exhibited in anti-MDA5- and anti-Ro52-positive patients. Moreover, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity was closely associated with a higher mortality rate in anti-MDA5-ILD patients (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Anti-Ro52 antibodies were highly prevalent in patients with anti-MDA5 and anti-Jo1 antibodies. Within all patients with IIM-ILD, those with anti-Ro52 autoantibodies had a higher frequency of RP-ILD and a poorer prognosis, especially in the anti-MDA5 antibody subgroup.
MicroRNA-20a-5p regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting RUNX3
Authors: Wang Xianjue , Wei Ping , Yang Ling , Liu Fangyuan , Tong Xin , Yang Xiaoyu , Su Liya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
MicroRNA-20a (miR-20a) is dysregulated in many types of malignancies, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its expression level and functional significance in HCC are still disputed. We aimed to study the role of miR-20a-5p in HCC and its downstream molecular mechanisms.

Methods:
We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of miR-20a-5p and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in HCC and paraneoplastic tissue, transfected Huh7 and highly metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97H) cells. A live cell workstation was used to observe the proliferation and migration of transfected cells. The invasiveness of transfected cells was verified by Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins after transfection were measured using simple western immunoblot measurements. Gene expression profiles between HCC and normal samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment results were processed by the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery. Potential target genes of miR-20a-5p were predicted to further investigate how miR-20a-5p regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC.

Results:
MiR-20a-5p was significantly highly expressed in HCC tissues, and overexpression of miR-20a-5p significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. The protein expression of E-cadherin was decreased and that of vimentin was increased after overexpression of miR-20a-5p in HCC cells. We discovered the intersection of genes from miRDB, miR TarBase, and TargetScan, obtained 397 target genes and finally focused on RUNX3. RUNX3 was not only reduced in HCC specimens but also drastically reduced in HCC cells overexpressing miR-20a-5p. RUNX3 expression decreased with elevated miR-20a-5p, which activated downstream EMT signaling and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Conclusions:
Since RUNX3 is involved in EMT in HCC, as proven by previous research, our findings provide further evidence for a novel regulatory pathway comprising the miR-20a/RUNX3/EMT axis that upregulates EMT signaling and enhances the migration of HCC cells.
It's not only swallowing: a clinician primer to adult food refusal beyond dysphagia
Authors: Kershner Marnie , Askren Annette N. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Medical teams are frequently faced with challenging clinical scenarios when their patients exhibit reduced intake of food and drink. Speech-language pathologists, who serve as oropharyngeal swallowing specialists in medical settings, are frequently the first to be summoned with the referral, ‘Poor PO intake. Please evaluate and treat.’ As our practices have illuminated, many differentials other than oropharyngeal dysphagia are often at play.

Recent findings
Changes to taste, salivary supply/dry mouth, hunger drive, and psychosocial circumstances will significantly impact intake per os – each scenario to be explored further in this paper. Consequences to diminished nutrition and hydration include medical complications, lengthier hospital stays, and diminished quality of life.

Summary
In this review, two medical speech-language pathologists detail more common alternative diagnoses that explain reduced intake by mouth amongst adults with acute and chronic diseases. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach should be considered when evaluating such patients to ensure a comprehensive and effective care plan.