bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Viral Rebound After Treatment With Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir
Authors: Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Lai Mandy Sze-Man , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Hui David Shu-Cheong , Lui Grace Chung-Yan 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSome patients treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir have experienced rebound of COVID-19 infections and symptoms; however, data are scarce on whether viral rebound also occurs in patients with COVID-19 receiving or not receiving molnupiravir.ObjectiveTo examine the incidence of viral rebound in patients with COVID-19 who were treated with the oral antiviral agents nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study identified 41 255 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from January 1, 2022, to March 31, 2022, in Hong Kong and assessed 12 629 patients with serial cycle threshold (Ct) values measured. Patients were followed up until the occurrence of the clinical end point of interest, death, date of data retrieval (July 31, 2022), or up to 30 days of follow-up, whichever came first.ExposuresMolnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresViral rebound, defined as a Ct value greater than 40 that decreased to 40 or less.ResultsOf 12 629 patients (mean [SD] age, 65.4 [20.9] years; 6624 [52.5%] male), 11 688 (92.5%) were oral antiviral nonusers, 746 (5.9%) were molnupiravir users, and 195 (1.5%) were nirmatrelvir-ritonavir users. Compared with nonusers, oral antiviral users were older, had more comorbidities, and had lower complete vaccination rates. The mean (SD) baseline Ct value was slightly higher in nirmatrelvir-ritonavir users (22.2 [6.0]) than nonusers (21.0 [5.4]) and molnupiravir users (20.9 [5.4]) (P = .04). Viral rebound occurred in 68 nonusers (0.6%), 2 nirmatrelvir-ritonavir users (1.0%), and 6 molnupiravir users (0.8%). Among 76 patients with viral rebound, 12 of 68 nonusers, 1 of 6 molnupiravir users, and neither of the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir users died of COVID-19.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, viral rebound was uncommon in patients taking molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and was not associated with increased risk of mortality. Given these findings, novel oral antivirals should be considered as a treatment for more patients with COVID-19 in the early phase of the infection.
Melanoma Treatments and Mortality Rate Trends in the US, 1975 to 2019
Authors: Kahlon Navkirat , Doddi Sishir , Yousif Rame , Najib Sana , Sheikh Taha , Abuhelwa Ziad , Burmeister Cameron , Hamouda Danae M. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceMelanoma accounts for most of the deaths due to skin cancer. In the past decade, effective US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved therapies for melanoma have emerged.ObjectiveTo review changes in the long-term melanoma mortality rate (MMR) trends in the US and determine whether they have any temporal association with the FDA approval of new agents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used population data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and retrospectively reviewed the age-adjusted MMR trends in adult patients (aged ≥18 years) from 1975 to 2019 in the US population. The timeline of the FDA approvals for melanoma treatment was also reviewed. Data were analyzed from March 15 to August 15, 2022.ExposuresOutcomes were assessed in association with FDA approval of drugs for the treatment of melanoma.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMortality rates are from the SEER database, reported per 100 000 population and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. The annual percent change (APC) has been used to report long-term trends.ResultsAfter the introduction of newer treatments in 2011 (most after 2013), a significant reduction in MMR was seen from 2013 to 2017 in the US for the first time in the past 40 years. Rates increased from 1975 to 1988 (APC, 1.65% [95% CI, 1.30%-2.00%]; P &amp;lt; .001). No statistically significant change in MMR was seen from 1988 to 2013 (APC, 0.01% [95% CI, −1.10% to 0.12%]; P = .85). The MMR decreased significantly from 2013 to 2017 (APC, −6.28% [95% CI, −8.52% to −3.97%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest a benefit associated with the availability of effective therapies in the past decade and further suggest that the use of new pharmacological therapies is associated with decreased MMR in the US population. These data are very encouraging and support the continued development of such therapies. Additionally, the accessibility of these treatments and the associated health care costs need to be addressed.
Search and learning for unsupervised text generation
Authors: Mou Lili 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the advances of deep learning techniques, text generation is attracting increasing interest in the artificial intelligence (AI) community, because of its wide applications and because it is an essential component of AI. Traditional text generation systems are trained in a supervised way, requiring massive labeled parallel corpora. In this paper, I will introduce our recent work on search and learning approaches to unsupervised text generation, where a heuristic objective function estimates the quality of a candidate sentence, and discrete search algorithms generate a sentence by maximizing the search objective. A machine learning model further learns from the search results to smooth out noise and improve efficiency. Our approach is important to the industry for building minimal viable products for a new task; it also has high social impacts for saving human annotation labor and for processing low‐resource languages. Link to video abstract: https://youtu.be/Xir1e9g6oIc
Is AI at human parity yet? A case study on speech recognition
Authors: Beaver Ian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClaims have been made that speech recognition has achieved human parity, yet this does not appear to be the case in the real‐world applications that rely on it, especially for non‐native speakers. This then begs the questions: What does it even mean for an AI system to reach human parity? How is progress towards that goal being measured? This article focuses on the current state of speech recognition and the recent developments in benchmarking and measuring performance of AI models built for speech processing. Through the shift away from single metric benchmarks and specialized models and towards evaluating collections of diverse challenging tasks and generalized models, the ultimate goal of true human parity in commercial speech processing applications is hopefully on the near horizon.
Tuning the C1/C2 Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu–CeO2 Nanorods by Oxidation State Control
Authors: Hong Seungwon , Abbas Hafiz Ghulam , Jang Kyuseon , Patra Kshirodra Kumar , Kim Beomil , Choi Byeong‐Uk , Song Hakhyeon , Lee Kug‐Seung , Choi Pyuck‐Pa , Ringe Stefan , Oh Jihun 
Published: December 2022

Ceria (CeO2) is one of the most extensively used rare earth oxides. Recently, it has been used as a support material for metal catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion. However, to date, the nature of metal/CeO2 interfaces and their impact on electrochemical processes remains unclear. Here, a Cu–CeO2 nanorod electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyst is presented. Using operando analysis and computational techniques, it is found that, on the application of a reductive electrochemical potential, Cu undergoes an abrupt change in solubility in the ceria matrix converting from less stable randomly dissolved single atomic Cu2+ ions to (Cu0,Cu1+) nanoclusters. Unlike single atomic Cu, which produces C1 products as the main product during electrochemical CO2 reduction, the coexistence of (Cu0,Cu1+) clusters lowers the energy barrier for C–C coupling and enables the selective production of C2+ hydrocarbons. As a result, the coexistence of (Cu0,Cu1+) in the clusters at the Cu–ceria interface results in a C2+ partial current density/unit Cu weight 27 times that of a corresponding Cu‐carbon catalyst under the same conditions.
Smart Deep Eutectic Electrolyte Enabling Thermally Induced Shutdown Toward High‐Safety Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jinning , Wu Han , Du Xiaofan , Zhang Hao , Huang Lang , Sun Fu , Liu Tingting , Tian Songwei , Zhou Lixue , Hu Sijia , Yuan Zhixiang , Zhang Botao , Zhang Jianjun , Cui Guanglei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSevere safety concerns and uncontrollable lithium dendrites are major challenges for commercializing high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) utilizing state‐of‐the‐art carbonate‐based electrolytes. Herein, a new type of deep eutectic electrolyte (succinonitrile/1,3,5‐trioxane/lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (DFOB), abbreviated as DEE) with a thermally induced smart shut‐down function is presented to ameliorate the aforementioned issues. In this delicately designed DEE, 1,3,5‐trioxane (TXE) can participate in the Li+ primary solvation shell and form an unique solvation structure (Li+‐SN‐TXE‐DFOB−), which is favorable to enhance the Li/electrolyte interfacial compatibility. It is demonstrated that a 4.45 V LiCoO2/Li battery using the as‐prepared DEE electrolyte delivers a high Coulombic efficiency (99.5%), remarkable cyclability (capacity retention of 81% after 100 cycles) at 25 °C. Furthermore, thermal abuse tests of LiCoO2/Li batteries using the as‐prepared DEE display a rapid thermal shutdown function to terminate Li‐ion transportation and subsequent battery operation when they are exposed to environment temperatures exceeding 150 °C. This thermally induced shutdown function is achieved via the polymerization of TXE to polyformaldehydes possessing ultra‐low ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures. The as‐reported smart, thermally‐induced shut‐down DEE opens new avenues for designing next‐generation high‐performance LMBs with enhanced safety properties.
Layered Double Hydroxide Templated Synthesis of Amorphous NiCoFeB as a Multifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting and Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Moloudi Masumeh , Noori Abolhassan , Rahmanifar Mohammad S. , Shabangoli Yasin , El‐Kady Maher F. , Mohamed Nahla B. , Kaner Richard B. , Mousavi Mir F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) stand out as versatile structural platforms for modulating the electronic structure of highly reactive earth‐abundant transition metal‐based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a Ni‐Co‐Fe LDH, electrodeposited on a Ni nanocones (NiNCs)‐decorated Ni foam, acts as a morphology driving template to direct the facile constant potential electrosynthesis of NiCoFeB from a K2B4O7 solution. The amorphous tri‐metal borate (TMB) displays excellent trifunctional electrocatalytic activities toward the HER (overpotential at 10 mA cm−2, η10 = 174 mV vs RHE), OER (η10 = 208 mV), as well as ORR (half‐wave potential = 0.723 V) with a low ΔEOER−ORR of 770 mV, and excellent durability of over 110 h in alkaline solutions. A zinc–air battery based on the TMB@NiNC dual oxygen catalyst cathode exhibits a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.477 V, a power density of 107 mW cm−2, a specific energy of 918 W h kgZn−1 and an outstanding cycling stability of over 1330 cycles at 10 mA cm−2, which outperforms the commercial noble metal benchmarks. These results demonstrate that LDHs are efficient sacrificial templates for the preparation of high‐performance multifunctional multi‐metal borate electrocatalysts for energy‐related applications.
Einsatz von Softwaretools am Lehrstuhl für Gebäude‐ und Raumklimatechnik der RWTH Aachen University – Serie: Gebäudesimulation und Berechnungstools in der Lehre
Authors: Streblow Rita , Müller Dirk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiese Artikelserie stellt den Einsatz von Computerprogrammen in der Hochschullehre der Bauphysik und Gebäudetechnik für Architekten und Bauingenieure vor.Das Ziel der nachhaltigen Bereitstellung eines gesunden Innenraumklimas bestimmen Forschung und Lehre am Lehrstuhl für Gebäude‐ und Raumklimatechnik der RWTH Aachen University. Computergestützte Analyse‐ und Simulationstechniken sind wichtige Werkzeuge, um ein energieeffizientes und umweltfreundliches Bauen, Sanieren und Betreiben von Gebäuden und Quartieren mit allen seinen komplexen Wechselwirkungen im Gesamtsystem umzusetzen. Die Studierenden werden in die Grundlagen der Modellbildung und Simulation eingeführt. Dabei deckt das Lehrangebot die Betrachtung aller Lebenszyklusphasen des Gebäudes ab. Die Kenntnisse können in Abschlussarbeiten weitergehend vertieft werden. Die entwickelten Werkzeugketten und Open‐source‐Bibliotheken des Instituts garantieren eine gute Handhabbarkeit der Softwaretools ohne zu lange Einarbeitungszeiten für die Studierenden.
Local room‐side heat transfer of an office room with different heating strategies
Authors: Peng Zhenming , Carrigan Svenja , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe room‐side heat transfer of a building is essential for calculating and simulating heat loss through radiation and convection in interior spaces, and also for preventing mould growth and condensation. By means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, this study investigates the effect of floor heating, mixing ventilation, furniture, room geometry, and their combinations on the interior heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of a typical office room. The results show an inhomogeneous distribution of the HTC on the exterior walls. HTC values are generally below the German standardised value for thermal protection, which means an overestimation of the heat loss when the standardised value is applied. However, compared to the standardised value for preventing mould growth, the minimum surface‐averaged HTC behind closets is 63 % lower, potentially leading to mould growth and condensation.
Replacing energy simulations with surrogate models for design space exploration
Authors: Zorn Max , Catunda Natasha , Claus Luisa , Kobylinska Natalia , Frey Manuel , Wortmann Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSustainable design requires holistic decision making already in the feasibility stage. One critical aspect of a buildingś sustainability is its operational energy consumption, but energy simulations typically are too time‐consuming for early, fast‐paced design phases. Data‐based, Machine Learning models – so called surrogates – can replace time‐consuming simulations with real‐time estimates. This paper investigates the accuracy of different surrogate models for energy performance by comparing different types of models and numbers of samples. The paper also presents an integrated dashboard for holistic decision making as an application of the developed surrogate.
Mechanistic modeling, simulation, and optimization of mixed‐mode chromatography for an antibody polishing step
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Geng Nora , Petrushevska‐Seebach Katerina , Dolan Michael E. , Scheindel Marcus , Graf Pia , Takenaka Kosuke , Izumida Kyo , Li Lijuan , Ma Zijian , Schuelke Norbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMixed‐mode chromatography combines features of ion‐exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography and is increasingly used in antibody purification. As a replacement for flow‐through operations on traditional unmixed resins or as a pH‐controlled bind‐and‐elute step, the use of both interaction modes promises a better removal of product‐specific impurities. However, the combination of the functionalities makes industrial process development significantly more complex, in particular the identification of the often small elution window that delivers the desired selectivity. Mechanistic modeling has proven that even difficult separation problems can be solved in a computer‐optimized manner once the process dynamics have been modeled. The adsorption models described in the literature are also very complex, which makes model calibration difficult. In this work, we approach this problem with a newly constructed model that describes the adsorber saturation with the help of the surface coverage function of the colloidal particle adsorption model for ion‐exchange chromatography. In a case study, a model for a pH‐controlled antibody polishing step was created from six experiments. The behavior of fragments, aggregates, and host cell proteins was described with the help of offline analysis. After in silico optimization, a validation experiment confirmed an improved process performance in comparison to the historical process set point. In addition to these good results, the work also shows that the high dynamics of mixed‐mode chromatography can produce unexpected results if process parameters deviate too far from tried and tested conditions.
Can childbearing and marriage of underage girls be prevented? A study of population data in Turkey
Authors: Gümüş Burak , Özer Ömer , Doğru Ahmet Özgür , Toprak Sadık 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll over the world, poor and illiterate girls living in rural areas are at higher risk of becoming underage marriage than well‐educated girls living in cities. Early marriages exacerbate inequalities between females and males in society and violate children's and women's rights. This study aimed to demonstrate temporal changes in the prevalence of child marriage and underage childbearing in Turkey by exploring the causes of regional variations in the schooling rate. Our retrospective, descriptive and register‐based study obtained input data on childbirth, marriage, population and schooling from official statistics published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education. Based on official statistics, underage childbearing rates decreased from 2002 to 2019 in Turkey. This study outlined significant regional variations in the ratio of childbearing female under 18 to the population that were higher in the northeastern, central eastern, and southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey than in other regions. During the same period, there were downward trends in the number of legal marriages of female aged 16–17 and the number of underage females who gave birth in contrast with an increasing population of girls living in Turkey. In terms of welfare, education and healthcare, developments in Turkey were considered to have contributed to the downward tendency of childbearing and marriages of underage females. However, an increase in the schooling rate of girls was the critical determinant of the observed tendency. Therefore, officially setting the compulsory education age to 18 can help to prevent underage marriage and childbearing.
Membranous desquamation of the hand in a 7‐year‐old boy with mild COVID‐19
Authors: Tago Masaki , Hirata Risa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 7‐year‐old Japanese boy was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. He developed intermittent fever and headache, and the symptoms improved by Day 3. However, he developed membranous desquamation without erythema or swelling on the right hand on Day 4, which improved without treatment.
Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Hatami Parvaneh , Refaghat Arezoo , Matini Amir Hassan , Mohseni Afshar Zeinab , Aryanian Zeinab 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSarcoidosis is an inflammatory and granulomatous disorder, developed due to dysregulation between immune response and certain environmental antigens. We hereby report an interesting case of sarcoidosis following COVID‐19 vaccination (COVIran Barekat), which presented with inflammation of previous tattoo sites as well as the development of erythema nodosum and systemic lymphadenopathy, suggested a possible link between the COVID vaccination and dysregulation of the inflammatory process and served as a reminder for clinicians to have enough vigilance before proposing a vaccine booster to these patients.
Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, and neck emphysema due to rectal diverticulosis
Authors: Kurti Floreta , Cala Viola , Vyshka Gentian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntestinal diverticulosis is a chronic disorder that might present with acute symptoms, due to colonic perforation. Pneumoperitoneum and air bubbles spreading in different anatomical locations can be seen. These complications need careful consideration and, when appropriate, surgery, for an otherwise chronic condition that can be successfully treated through conservative measures.
Harlequin ichthyosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Biswas Prince , Shrestha Sajina , Riyaz Romana , Nawaz Muhammad Hassnain , Shrestha Shumneva , Hossainy Labiba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHarlequin ichthyosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder occurring in 1: 3,000,000 birth characterized by thick keratin skin with a scaly appearance. Preterm deliveries, early, and consanguinity of marriage are some risk factors. Antenatal checkup of DNA for ABCA12 mutation helps in diagnosis but ultrasonography in places was not available.
Efficient dynamic key‐aggregate cryptosystem for secure and flexible data sharing
Authors: Pareek Gaurav , Maiti Sumana 
Published: December 2022

SummarySecure and efficient enforcement of dynamic access control policies on shared data is a central problem in dynamic and scalable application scenarios, including the Internet of Things and smart cities. Key‐aggregate cryptosystem (KAC) is an efficient mechanism to delegate decryption rights of a subset of a large collection of data items to authorized users. While KAC provides an efficient solution to the problem of secure data sharing, we identify that using it to enforce continuously changing access policies is highly inefficient. In this article, we propose a novel dynamic KAC that, in addition to satisfying all key‐aggregate efficiency requirements, enforces dynamic updates to the aggregate sets with constant computation and constant communication cost. We propose a concrete construction for our dynamic KAC, prove its soundness and formal security, and analyze its theoretical and practical performance. We implement the procedures of a dynamic hierarchical key assignment scheme using the proposed as well as the existing dynamic KACs. We compare the costs of enforcing dynamic updates in large hierarchies. We conclude that the performance enhancement achieved by the proposed dynamic KAC compared to the existing KACs is even more significant in practical access control scenarios.
The sustainability orientation in the wine industry: An analysis based on age as a driver
Authors: Broccardo Laura , Truant Elisa , Dana Lèo‐Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFew studies probe small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the context of sustainability. Thus, this study examines the sustainability orientation in SMEs and its impact on financial performance, considering the ‘ageing effect’. It employs a sample of Italian SMEs operating in the wine sector, using a survey questionnaire to collect qualitative and quantitative data for analysis. Accordingly, although sustainability remains typically unembedded within such SMEs, when it is embedded, a positive correlation with performance is evident. Furthermore, age is a relevant variable that can explain a different sustainability orientation and its impact on financial performance. This research contributes insight into sustainability orientation in SMEs, extending the sustainability, age, and SME performance literature. Managerial implications suggest the need to better emphasise social issues and invest more in skilled human resources and training programmes.