bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark fluxes from accreting black holes through several mechanisms
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Sun Sichun , Zhang Bing , Zhang Yun-Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe discuss the possibility that accreting black hole systems can be sources for dark matter flux through several different mechanisms. We firstly discuss two types of systems‘: coronal thermal plasmas around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and accretion disks of stellar-mass X-ray black hole binaries (BHBs). We explore how these black hole systems may produce keV light dark matter fluxes and find that the dark fluxes from those sources might be too weak to account for the current XENON1T excess. On the other hand, black holes can be good accelerators to accrete and boost heavy dark matter particles. If considering collisions or dark electromagnetism, those particles can then escape and reach the benchmark speed of 0.1c at the detector. We also extend the black hole mass region to primordial black holes (PBHs) and discuss the possibility of contributing to keV light dark flux via superradiance of PBHs.
Immune Mechanisms of Resistance to Cediranib in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Gopinathan Ganga , Berlato Chiara , Lakhani Anissa , Szabova Ludmila , Pegrum Colin , Pedrosa Ana-Rita , Laforets Florian , Maniati Eleni , Balkwill Frances R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates mechanisms of resistance to the VEGF receptor inhibitor cediranib in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), and defines rational combination therapies. We used three different syngeneic orthotopic mouse HGSOC models that replicated the human tumor microenvironment (TME). After 4 to 5 weeks treatment of established tumors, cediranib had antitumor activity with increased tumor T-cell infiltrates and alterations in myeloid cells. However, continued cediranib treatment did not change overall survival or the immune microenvironment in two of the three models. Moreover, treated mice developed additional peritoneal metastases not seen in controls. Cediranib-resistant tumors had intrinsically high levels of IL6 and JAK/STAT signaling and treatment increased endothelial STAT3 activation. Combination of cediranib with a murine anti-IL6 antibody was superior to monotherapy, increasing mouse survival, reducing blood vessel density, and pSTAT3, with increased T-cell infiltrates in both models. In a third HGSOC model, that had lower inherent IL6 JAK/STAT3 signaling in the TME but high programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) signaling, long-term cediranib treatment significantly increased overall survival. When the mice eventually relapsed, pSTAT3 was still reduced in the tumors but there were high levels of immune cell PD-1 and Programmed death-ligand 1. Combining cediranib with an anti–PD-1 antibody was superior to monotherapy in this model, increasing T cells and decreasing blood vessel densities. Bioinformatics analysis of two human HGSOC transcriptional datasets revealed distinct clusters of tumors with IL6 and PD-1 pathway expression patterns that replicated the mouse tumors. Combination of anti-IL6 or anti–PD-1 in these patients may increase activity of VEGFR inhibitors and prolong disease-free survival.
GPC1-Targeted Immunotoxins Inhibit Pancreatic Tumor Growth in Mice via Depletion of Short-lived GPC1 and Downregulation of Wnt Signaling
Authors: Pan Jiajia , Li Nan , Renn Alex , Zhu Hu , Chen Lu , Shen Min , Hall Matthew D. , Qian Min , Pastan Ira , Ho Mitchell 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a cell surface proteoglycan that is upregulated in multiple types of human cancers including pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated whether GPC1 could be a target of antibody-toxin fusion proteins (i.e., immunotoxins) for treating pancreatic cancer. We constructed a panel of GPC1-targeted immunotoxins derived from a functional domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. An albumin-binding domain was also introduced into the anti-GPC1 immunotoxin to improve serum half-life. Small-molecule screening was performed to identify irinotecan that shows synergistic efficacy with the immunotoxin. We showed that GPC1 was internalized upon antibody binding. Anti-GPC1 immunotoxins alone inhibited tumor growth in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. The immunotoxin treatment reduced active β-catenin expression in tumor cells. Furthermore, immunotoxins containing an albumin-binding domain in combination with irinotecan caused pancreatic tumor regression. GPC1 expression was reduced by the immunotoxin treatment due to the degradation of the internalized GPC1 and its short cellular turnover rate. Our data indicate that the GPC1-targeted immunotoxin inhibits pancreatic tumor growth via degradation of internalized GPC1, downregulation of Wnt signaling, and inhibition of protein synthesis. The anti-GPC1 immunotoxin in combination with irinotecan thus provides a potential new treatment strategy for patients with pancreatic tumors.
Hamaticolax coelorinchi sp. nov. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae) parasitic in the bucco-branchial cavity of Coelorinchus spp. (Pisces, Gadiformes, Macrouridae) in Japan
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hamaticolax coelorinchi sp. nov. is described based on specimens of the female recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of Coelorinchus spp. (Pisces, Gadiformes, Macrouridae), captured on the upper continental slope, off the Pacific coast of Mie Prefecture, Japan.
Politics and Pentecostalism in Australia
Authors: Austin Denise A. , Perry David , Fogarty Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pentecostalism and politics are, for better or worse, no strangers. In 2018, Scott Morrison became the first pentecostal prime minister in the history of Australia and, possibly, in the English-speaking world. He then led the Liberal Party to a resounding election victory in 2019. As a result, Morrison was dubbed the “Miracle Man” after his acceptance speech referred to divine intervention in the electoral results. Since then, there has been regular, negative speculation on links between Morrison’s pentecostal faith and policy positions. This article provides a counterposition that several elements of the pentecostal worldview have the potential for positive impact in politics and may explain aspects of Morrison’s electoral success. We argue that Morrison effectively leveraged his pentecostal experience and convictions to advantage through strong leadership, practical pragmatism, marketing acumen, and a narrative of hope. Here, in a morass of indecision and “policy-free” political elites, was someone who believed in something.
The Transatlantic Dimension of the Judicial Protection of Fundamental Rights Online
Authors: Pollicino Oreste 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article underlines the role of courts in ensuring the protection of fundamental rights in the digital environment. In particular, the focus will be on the European and the US judicial dimension, looking at the right of freedom of expression and data protection. Section 2 underlines how judges rely on metaphors to address digital matters. Sections 3 and 4 respectively look at the role of courts in shaping the protection of freedom of expression and of privacy and personal data across the Atlantic. Section 5 provides two examples of the role of European courts in extending values across the Atlantic.
The Venice Commission and the Construction of European Constitutional Law
Authors: Repetto Giorgio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Moving from the emergence of a third layer of European constitutional integration, as embodied by those various agencies and institutions called to promote human rights and the rule of law, the article focuses on the role of the Venice Commission as described by a recent book of Sergio Bartole. In particular, it dwells on the evolution of the Venice Commission, on the different functions it has been entrusted with, on the relationship with other institutional actors, on its fields of intervention and, lastly, on the methodological contribution its action may give on the establishment of a European constitutional heritage.
Assessment on the Water Vapor Flux from Atmospheric Reanalysis Data in the South China Sea on 2019 Summer
Authors: Deng Hanyu , Zhang Gong , Liu Changwei , Wu Renhao , Chen Jianqiao , Zhang Zhen , Qi Murong , Xiang Xu , Han Bo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper assesses the water vapor flux performance of three reanalysis datasets (ERA5, JRA55, NCEP-2) on the South China Sea. The radiosonde data were from the South China Sea Scientific Expedition organized by Sun Yat-sen University in the 2019 summer (SCSEX2019). The comparison shows that all reanalyses underestimate the temperature and specific humidity under 500 hPa. As for the wind profile, the most significant difference appeared at 1800 UTC when there was no conventional radiosonde observation around the experiment area. As for the water vapor flux, ERA5 seems to give the best zonal flux but the worst meridional one. A deeper analysis shows that the bias in the wind mainly caused the difference in water vapor flux from ERA5. As for JRA55 and NCEP-2, the humidity and wind field bias coincidentally canceled each other, inducing a much smaller bias, especially in meridional water vapor flux. Therefore, to get a more realistic water vapor flux, a correction in the wind profile was most needed for ERA5. In contrast, the simultaneous improvement on both wind and humidity fields might produce a better water vapor flux for JRA55 and NCEP-2.

Significance Statement
This paper mainly aims to assess three atmospheric reanalyses from the viewpoint of the water vapor flux over the South China Sea during the monsoon period. The observation data contain more than 120 radiosonde profiles. Our work has given an objective comparison among the reanalyses and observations. We also tried to explain the bias in the water vapor flux over the ocean from the reanalyses. The results of our work might help understand the monsoon precipitation given by atmospheric reanalyses or regional climate models and enlighten the development of atmospheric assimilation products.
WSR-88D Sidelobe Contamination: From a Conceptual Model to Diagnostic Strategies for Improving NWS Warning Performance
Authors: Boettcher Jami B. , Bentley Evan S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Providing timely warnings for severe and potentially tornadic convection is a critical component of the NWS mission, and owing to the associated large reflectivity gradients, sidelobe contamination is possible. This paper focuses on elevation sidelobe contamination appearing in the low-level inflow region of supercells. A qualitative conceptual model of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) antenna pattern interacting with supercells is introduced, along with Doppler power spectrum representations of the potential mix of returned power from the main lobe and the sidelobes. These tools inform the multiple ways elevation sidelobe contamination appears in the low levels, primarily below 3 km (10 kft) of radar data. The most common manifestation is somewhat noisy data similar to particulates or biota in clear air. Trained NWS forecasters are accustomed to mentally filtering out noisy clear-air returns as less important. Elevation sidelobe contamination can be mixed with the three-body scatter spike (TBSS) artifact, though the TBSS remains the more salient feature. The most consequential form is the apparent circulation, and when it is incorrectly interpreted as valid, contributes to the false alarm ratio (FAR) for NWS tornado warnings. Quantitative results on the effect of elevation sidelobe contamination on FAR are presented. Diagnostic techniques are emphasized, and with familiarization, can be used in real-time warning operations to identify the apparent circulation as either valid or an imposter. Identification of these contaminated velocity signatures offers a unique opportunity to reduce the NWS tornado warning FAR without also reducing the probability of detection (POD).

Significance Statement
The WSR-88D weather radars provide overall high-quality data for users. However, with some severe thunderstorms, an artifact called elevation sidelobe contamination can produce what looks like a rotation signature, but it may not be real. These ambiguous velocity signatures can contribute to tornado warnings based on rotation signatures that are false circulations. This paper specifically focuses on elevation sidelobe contamination due to its impact on tornado warning decisions. Diagnostic techniques, including several examples, are presented here to aid the reader in correctly identifying elevation sidelobe contamination and why it may occur. Correct identification of an apparent circulation as an imposter due to contamination is a unique opportunity to improve NWS tornado warning performance by reducing warning false alarms.
Impact of Hemodialysis Duration on Coronary Artery Calcification Among Hemodialysis Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Iiya Munehiro , Hikita Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Hiroshi , Abe Fumiyuki , Tsujihata Shihoko , Ito Naruhiko , Kanno Yoshinori , Hishikari Keiichi , Murai Tadashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: March 2022

Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and impact of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on hemodialysis (HD) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We enrolled 211 HD patients who underwent PCI (men: n = 155, age: 71 ± 1 0 years). Severe CAC was defined as calcification with an arc of 360° on intravascular ultrasound. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of severe CAC. The impact of severe CAC on target lesion revascularization (TLR) was evaluated. Patients with severe CAC (46%) had a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (79 vs 59%, P = .003) and longer HD duration (7.7 vs 3.4 years, P < .001) than those with non-severe CAC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that DM, HD duration, and angiographic calcification were significant predictors for severe CAC (odds ratio 4.42, 1.13, and 6.62; P < .001, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). After the median follow-up period of 580 days (interquartile range, 302–730 days), Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed that severe CAC was associated with an increased risk for TLR (χ2 12.7; P = .002). In HD patients with CAD after PCI, DM and HD duration were significant predictors for severe CAC. Furthermore, severe CAC was associated with an increased risk for TLR.
Experimental analysis of corrugated core sandwich panel with smart composite face-sheets under high-velocity impact
Authors: Maher Roham , Khalili S. Mohammad Reza , Eslami-Farsani Reza 
Published: March 2022

The present research work investigated on the behavior of corrugated core composite sandwich panel (CCCS) with composite face-sheets reinforced by pseudo-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires subjected to high-velocity impact experimentally. The number of SMA wires, their location, and their pre-strain percentage are the parameters studied in this investigation. The sandwich specimens were made by woven glass fibers/epoxy composite face-sheets strengthened by the SMA wires and Aluminum corrugated core and prepared using the wet hand lay-up method. Their behavior is evaluated under high-velocity impact test by a gas gun impactor testing machine. According to the results obtained, a significant change in the amount of energy absorption of the specimens containing SMA wires is observed. By increasing the number of the SMA wires, the energy absorption by the specimen is increased, but by pre-straining the SMA wires, the effect in energy absorption is significant. Also, when the projectile hits the SMA wire in CCCS, better properties in energy absorption can be observed. The results show that the energy absorption increased from 117.247 J for the specimen without the SMA wire to 128.749 J for the six SMA wires specimen. On the other hand, by applying the pre-strain to the SMA wires, the residual stresses in the specimens and hence the energy absorption in the specimen with six SMA wires with 3% pre-strain increased to 142.57 J.
Procurement Practice of Program Drugs and Its Challenges at the Ethiopian Pharmaceuticals Supply Agency: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Boche Bekele , Mulugeta Tidenek , Gudeta Tadesse 
Published: March 2022

Background Effective drug procurement guarantees the sustainable supply of products for health and eliminates excessive costs. However, there is limited information on the area of pharmaceutical procurement practice in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the procurement practices of program drugs and its challenges at the Ethiopian Pharmaceuticals Supply Agency. Methods A cross-sectional study accompanied by qualitative assessment was conducted between February 21 and April 20/2020 to examine the procurement practice of the Ethiopian pharmaceutical supply agency. The quantitative data were gathered by reviewing documents and electronic records. Mean forecast error, price paid to international price reference, number of emergency orders placed, and lead time variability were the measurements used to assess the procurement practice. A statistical package for the social sciences version 23 was used to analyze the data. The results were then summarized using tables and texts. The qualitative data were collated through face-to-face in-depth interviews to explore the challenges behind the procurement practice. And the data were analyzed manually using the thematic analysis technique. Results The agency had its own procurement list which defines the items to be procured. The overall mean forecast error in the 2018/19 budget year was 27.8%. Of the 70 program commodities included in the study, 52 (74.3%) items had a mean price less than the international price reference. Three of the 14 orders (21.4%) placed in the aforementioned year were emergency purchases made through direct procurement. The mean lead time for the suppliers of the agency was 137.3 days. Poor data quality from service delivery points, staff capacity constraints, communication problems, and policy issues became the major challenges to implement an effective procurement system in the agency. Conclusion The procurement practice at the agency has strong side. However, it was not without weaknesses. Using a procurement list is a worthwhile practice. Despite this, much remains to improve lead times and forecasting accuracy.
The effects of early rehabilitation on functional exercise tolerance in decompensated heart failure patients: Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (ERIC-HF study)
Authors: Delgado Bruno , Novo André , Lopes Ivo , Rebelo Carina , Almeida Cecília , Pestana Sandra , Gomes Bárbara , Froelicher Erika , Klompstra Leonie 
Published: March 2022

Objective To analyze (1) the effect of an aerobic training program on functional exercise tolerance in decompensated heart failure (DHF) patients; (2) to assess the effects of an aerobic training program on functional independence; and (3) dyspnea during activities of daily living. Design A randomized controlled clinical trial with follow-up at discharge. Settings Eight hospitals. Recruitment took place between 9/ 2017 and 3/2019. Group Assignments Patients with DHF who were admitted to the hospital, were randomly assigned to usual rehabilitation care guideline recommended (control group) or aerobic training program (exercise group). Main outcome Functional exercise tolerance was measured with a 6-min walking test at discharge. Results In total 257 patients with DHF were included, with a mean age of 67 ± 11 years, 84% ( n = 205) had a reduced ejection fraction and the hospital stay was 16 ± 10 days. At discharge, patients in the intervention group walked further compared to the control group (278 ± 117m vs 219 ± 115m, p < 0.01) and this difference stayed significant after correcting for confounders ( p < 0.01). A significant difference was found favoring the exercise group in functional independence (96 ± 7 vs 93 ± 12, p = 0.02) and dyspnea associated to ADL (13 ± 5 vs 17 ± 7, p < 0.01) and these differences persisted after correcting for baseline values and confounders (functional independence p < 0.01; dyspnea associated with ADL p = 0.02). Conclusion The ERIC-HF program is safe, feasible, and effective in increasing functional exercise tolerance and functional independence in hospitalized patients admitted due to DHF.
Intraoperative application of yellow fluorescence in resection of intramedullary spinal canal ependymoma
Authors: Sun Zhenxing , Yuan Dan , Sun Yaxing , Guo Yi , Wang Guoqin , Zhang Peihai , Wang James , Shi Wei , Wang Guihuai 
Published: March 2022

Background Spinal ependymoma is the most common intramedullary tumor in adults. This study was performed to evaluate whether intraoperative yellow fluorescence use enhances our ability to identify the tumor margin and residual tumor tissue in intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma resection. We also evaluated patients’ clinical conditions at a 3-month follow-up. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 56 patients with intramedullary ependymoma. Thirty minutes before anesthesia, the patients received intravenous sodium fluorescein injections. Tumor resection was performed under two illumination modes, traditional white light and yellow fluorescence, and the residual tumor tissue was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3 months postoperatively to observe the tumor resection outcome and residual tumor tissue. The McCormick spinal cord function grade was evaluated preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Results The total resection rate was 100.0% in all patients. Nine patients had no significant fluorescence imaging. After 3 months, patients with a spinal function grade of I to IV showed significant spinal function improvement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no residual tumor tissue or recurrence. Conclusion Sodium fluorescein aids in total excision of intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma and intraoperative residual tumor tissue identification. At the 3-month follow-up, the patients’ functional outcome in the fluorescein group was good.
Small tongue squamous cell carcinoma with neck metastasis at diagnosis: operative insights and surgical technique
Authors: Bruschini Roberto , Chu Francesco , Tagliabue Marta , Giugliano Gioacchino , Ansarin Mohssen 
Published: March 2022

Background: The treatment of tongue tumors includes different surgical procedures ranging from a simple mucosal resection to complex combined resection depending on the tumor stage and size. In 2019 we reported an international glossectomy classification with the purpose of standardizing all the different types of surgical procedures adopted for tongue cancer. Methods: The present communication aims at providing further insight into the glossectomy classification. More specifically, it is intended to better specify the indications to glossectomy type IIIA and B in selected tongue cancers, with positive cervical lymph nodes at the diagnosis. Results and Conclusions: Type IIIA glossectomy permits a high function sparing surgery in selected cases, with better postoperative functional outcomes. From an oncological perspective, it permits a radical surgery, avoiding postoperative radiation in the absence of extracapsular spread, multiple nodal metastases or T-N tract involvement.