bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elemental Sulfur‐Promoted Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxybenzophenones from p‐Quinone Methides under Metal‐Free Condition
Authors: Li Jingping , Wang Kunpeng , Wu Jiayi , Zhang Haoxiang , Chen Yan , Liu Qinglei , Xu Junju , Yi Weiyin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional methods for the general and efficient synthesis of 4‐hydroxybenzo‐ phenones are extremely underdeveloped and limited. We herein report a challenging metal‐free protocol to rapidly construct 4‐hydroxybenzophenones from para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) in DMSO in the presence of KOH using the inexpensive and readily available elemental sulfur as redox reagent. As an unprecedented method, this simple but efficient approach has excellent site specificity, green sustainability, excellent atomic economy, and broad functional group compatibilities. Mechanistic studies show that the novel reaction proceeds through a radical pathway.
First‐principle calculations on Li2CuSb: A novel material for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh , Pandey Shail , Pandey Himanshu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the Li2CuSb full‐Heusler alloy using the first‐principles electronic structure calculations and propose the electrochemical lithiation in this alloy. Band structure calculations suggest the presence of metallic nature in this alloy contrary to half‐metallic nature as predicted for most of the members of the full‐Heusler alloy family. This alloy is found to be a promising anode material for high‐capacity rechargeable batteries based on lithium‐ion. We found a removal voltage of ≈ 2.48 V for lithium ions in the Li2CuSb/Cu cell, which is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained result for a similar kind of material Cu3Sb. During charge and discharge cycles of the Li2CuSb/Cu cell, the formation of a non‐stoichiometric compound (Li2−yCu1+xSb) having a similar structure as Li2CuSb suggests a better performance as well as stability of this cell.
Germline MUTYH mutations and high‐grade gliomas: Novel evidence for a potential association
Authors: Bedics Gábor , Kotmayer Lili , Zajta Erik , Hegyi Lajos László , Brückner Edit Ágota , Rajnai Hajnalka , Reiniger Lilla , Bödör Csaba , Garami Miklós , Scheich Bálint 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is growing body of evidence supporting the role of germline mutations in the pathogenesis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and the widespread use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panels facilitates their detection. Variants of the MUTYH gene are increasingly recognized as suspected germline background of various extraintestinal malignancies, besides their well‐characterized role in the polyposis syndrome associated with biallelic mutations. Using a multigene NGS panel (Illumina TruSight Oncology 500), we detected one H3 G34V‐ and one H3 K27M‐mutant pediatric high‐grade diffuse glioma, in association with c.1178G>A (p.G393D) and c.916C>T (p.R306C) MUTYH variants, respectively. Both MUTYH mutations were germline, heterozygous and inherited, according to the subsequent genetic testing of the patients and their first‐degree relatives. In the H3 K27M‐mutant glioma, amplifications affecting the 4q12 region were also detected, in association with KDR‐PDGFRA, KIT‐PDGFRA, and KDR‐CHIC2 fusions, previously unreported in this entity. Among 47 other CNS tumors of various histological types tested with the same NGS panel in our institution, only one adult glioblastoma harbored MUTYH mutation. Together with a single previous report, our data raises the possibility of an association between germline MUTYH mutations and CNS malignancies, particularly in pediatric histone H3‐mutant gliomas.
Neural representation of phonological information during Chinese character reading
Authors: Li Aqian , Yang Rui , Qu Jing , Dong Jie , Gu Lala , Mei Leilei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed that phonological processing of Chinese characters elicited activation in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral parietal cortex, and occipitotemporal regions. However, it is controversial what role the left middle frontal gyrus plays in Chinese character reading, and whether the core regions (e.g., the left superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus) for phonological processing of alphabetic languages are also involved in Chinese character reading. To address these questions, the present study used both univariate and multivariate analysis (i.e., representational similarity analysis, RSA) to explore neural representations of phonological information during Chinese character reading. Participants were scanned while performing a reading aloud task. Univariate activation analysis revealed a widely distributed network for word reading, including the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, lateral temporal cortex, and occipitotemporal cortex. More importantly, RSA showed that the left prefrontal (i.e., the left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus) and bilateral occipitotemporal areas (i.e., the left inferior and middle temporal gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus) represented phonological information of Chinese characters. These results confirmed the importance of the left middle frontal gyrus and regions in ventral pathway in representing phonological information of Chinese characters.
Neural similarity between mentalizing and live social interaction during the transition to adolescence
Authors: Merchant Junaid S. , Alkire Diana , Redcay Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial interactions are essential for human development, yet little neuroimaging research has examined their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms using socially interactive paradigms during childhood and adolescence. Recent neuroimaging research has revealed activity in the mentalizing network when children engage with a live social partner, even when mentalizing is not required. While this finding suggests that social‐interactive contexts may spontaneously engage mentalizing, it is not a direct test of how similarly the brain responds to these two contexts. The current study used representational similarity analysis on data from 8‐ to 14‐year‐olds who made mental and nonmental judgments about an abstract character and a live interaction partner during fMRI. A within‐subject, 2 (Mental/Nonmental) × 2 (Peer/Character) design enabled us to examine response pattern similarity between conditions, and estimate fit to three conceptual models of how the two contexts relate: (1) social interaction and mentalizing about an abstract character are represented similarly; (2) interactive peers and abstract characters are represented differently regardless of the evaluation type; and (3) mental and nonmental states are represented dissimilarly regardless of target. We found that the temporal poles represent mentalizing and peer interactions similarly (Model 1), suggesting a neurocognitive link between the two in these regions. Much of the rest of the social brain exhibits different representations of interactive peers and abstract characters (Model 2). Our findings highlight the importance of studying social‐cognitive processes using interactive approaches, and the utility of pattern‐based analyses for understanding how social‐cognitive processes relate to each other.
Assessing plasma circulating tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in determining treatment response in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Zarrabi Kevin K. , Galloway Thomas J. , Flieder Douglas B. , Kumar Sameera S. , Judd Julia , Bauman Jessica R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a subset of head and neck cancer with a unique mechanism of carcinogenesis. Local disease is treated definitively with a multimodal approach. Navigating recurrences can be challenging, as they are sometimes indiscernible from de novo primary malignancies. Identification of dynamic biomarkers that are specific to HPV‐mediated disease may assist in disease monitoring. We present a 78‐year‐old man who developed a squamous cell carcinoma in the lung 7 years after completing definitive chemoradiation for his p16+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsA novel assay for plasma circulating tumor HPV DNA was employed and provided a tool for longitudinal disease monitoring during therapy.ConclusionWe bring attention to a novel assay and highlight its potential for use in the treatment paradigm of HPV‐mediated oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Oral eltrombopag versus subcutaneous recombinant human thrombopoietin for promoting platelet engraftment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A prospective, non‐inferiority, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wen Bingbing , Zhang Xiaohan , Chen Shiyu , Fan Jingchao , Yang Sitian , Cai Yun , Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Qiaoxia , Gu Qingli , Du Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDelayed platelet engraftment (DPE) is associated with poor survival and increased transplantation‐related mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Therefore, treatments are needed to improve platelet engraftment and prevent DPE. We performed a phase three, non‐inferior, randomized controlled study of eltrombopag or recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) to promot platelet engraftment after allo‐HSCT. Candidates for allo‐HSCT were randomly assigned to receive oral eltrombopag (50 mg daily) or subcutaneous rhTPO (15000U daily) from the first‐day post‐transplantation. The primary endpoint was the cumulative numbers of platelet engraftment (platelet recovery ≥20 × 109/L, without transfusion, for seven consecutive days) on day 60 after transplantation. We performed intention‐to‐treat analyses with a non‐inferior margin of −15%. A total of 92 participants underwent randomization. 44 and 48 patients were randomized to the eltrombopag and rhTPO groups, respectively. The median duration of follow‐up was 360 days (range: 12–960 days). The cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment on day 60 after transplantation in eltrombopag group was 86.4% (38/44) compared with 85.4% (41/48) in the rhTPO group (absolute risk difference [ARD] 1%, one‐sided lower limit of 95% confidence interval [CI] −13.28%, Pnon‐inferirioty = 0.014). The rate of DPE in the eltrombopag group was 6.8% (3/44) compared with 12.5% (6/48) in the rhTPO group (ARD ‐5.7%, one‐sided higher limit of 95% CI 6.28%, Pnon‐inferirioty = 0.063). Approximately, three‐fourths of non‐hematologic adverse events were not observed in the eltrombopag group but three patients (3/48, 6%) experienecd them in the rhTPO group. In addition, platelet transfusions unite from day 0 to day 21, or from day 22 to day 60, progression‐free survival, overall survival were not significantly different between both groups. Eltrombopag was non‐inferior to rhTPO in promoting platelet engraftment post allo‐HSCT for patients with hematological malignancy. Oral eltrombopag was more convenient for patients than subcutaneous rhTPO (NCT03515096).
The role of water and energy use in expanding the boundaries of irrigated agriculture in the Berrechid plain of Morocco
Authors: Ouassissou Romaissa , Lacombe Guillaume , Kuper Marcel , Hammani Ali , El Amrani Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the attention given to the water–energy–food nexus, there is little field evidence of how this plays out for irrigators. This article analyses the diversity of irrigation system configurations and their related water and energy use in semi‐arid Morocco, where groundwater‐fed and pressurized drip irrigation, although supposedly thrifty, is energy intensive. The analysis relying on hydraulic calculations and multiple linear regressions was based on interviews, observations and measurements on irrigation systems in 25 farms. The results show that each farmer used between one and three pumps and up to two storage reservoirs to pump groundwater from up to 120 m deep borehole(s) and transfer it along a distance often exceeding 2 km to reach available fertile lands that are rented. Such distances had little effect on the system‐wise energy consumption, varying between 4.62 and 4.88 kWh m−3, although the recycled car engines powering these irrigation systems were largely inefficient, consuming on average 2.5 kWh m−3. State subsidies encourage these water‐intensive and energy‐inefficient farming systems, increasing pressure on groundwater and land. These findings underline the importance of going beyond a strict nexus perspective, as expansion of the ‘groundwater economy’ is accompanied by conflicts over tenure and increasing inequalities in access to water that threaten the sustainability of irrigated agriculture.
Self‐compassion and depression in Chinese undergraduates with left‐behind experience: Mediation by emotion regulation and resilience
Authors: Yu Si , Zhang Chunyang , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe protective role of self‐compassion in emerging adult depression has garnered empirical support. It makes more sense to understand the psychological processes underlying this relationship. Based on the stress appraisal patterns, the present study examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation (ER) and resilience in the link between self‐compassion and depression among college students with left‐behind experience (LBE).MethodsA total of 391 LBE college students (Mage = 18.43 years; SD = 0.79 years) in Chongqing reported their demographic information and self‐compassion (the Self‐Compassion Scale) level at baseline (T1) and reported their levels of ER (the Emotion Regulation Scale), resilience (the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale), and depression (the Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale) 3 months later (T2).ResultsThe results revealed that (a) both ER (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience separately mediated the association between self‐compassion and depression; (b) cognitive reappraisal and resilience sequentially mediated this association.ConclusionsThese findings reveal the underlying mechanisms of the associations between self‐compassion and depression among LBE college students and have implications for interventions aimed at mitigating their depression.
Happiness of ex‐refugees in the Indonesia border after two decades of Timor Leste referendum
Authors: Kamsi  , Julianto Very 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to find out how happy the ex‐East Timor refugees who chose to become Indonesians after more than 20 years of the Timor Leste referendum were. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were employed for investigating the responsible factors for their happiness level. An open survey method and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) scale distribution were used in this study with 173 Indonesians who participated in the 1999 Timor Leste referendum. The results show that on a scale of 1 to 6 participants are in the second or third lowest levels of happiness. Five main factors determine the happiness of the refugees, including economic condition, recognition and appreciation from the Indonesian government, security, family, and education access. These research findings offer a deeper understanding of the ex‐refugee studies to obtain psychological well‐being rights in their country of choice.
Protective and risk social dimensions of emergency remote teaching during COVID‐19 pandemic: A multiple mediation study
Authors: Procentese Fortuna , Gatti Flora , Ceglie Emiliano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe changes in teaching due to COVID‐19‐related restraints generated distress among teachers, putting their job‐related efficacy and satisfaction at risk. This study deepens the community‐related protective and risk factors in teachers' experience. An online questionnaire detecting social distancing burnout, job‐related distress experience, efficacy and satisfaction, and Sense of Community (SoC) was administered to 307 Italian teachers. A multiple mediation model was tested with Structural Equation Modeling. Evidence showed that social distancing burnout could increase teachers' distress rates and, through them, impact their job‐related efficacy and satisfaction; however, its effects on the latter depended on the kind of distress mediating. Conversely, SoC could support their job‐related efficacy and satisfaction, yet no association with their distress rates emerged. The role of social distancing and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)‐related distress as the main threats for teachers stems, along with the one of job distress and the community of belonging as assets on which teachers relied.
Protein‐based metal bio‐cleaner for detoxification of wastewater
Authors: Sisila Valappil , Janeena Asuma , Prem Suresh , Mohandass Pachaiyappan , Narayanan Jayaraman , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam , Ganesh Shanmugam , Kamini Numbi Ramudu , Ayyadurai Niraikulam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCopper is an essential redox‐active transition metal accessible in the very least amount in healthy living cells. Exposure to heavy metals through contaminated soil, the food chain and drinking of contaminated groundwater affects cellular metabolism in the human body. Hence, developing innovative next‐generation approaches with a dual function such as efficient detection (sensor) and removal of heavy metals (Cu2+) in the environment is of paramount importance. Our study deals with an engineered biologically compatible green fluorescent protein (GFP) with metal‐binding amino acid (3‐aminotyrosine) for effective sensing and removal.RESULTSThe fluorescent‐based sensing of congener protein (amGFP) with heavy metal Cu2+ was extensively explored through fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopic and computational simulation approaches. The amGFP exhibits a low dissociation constant value of 5.25 μmol L−1. In addition, the engineered congener protein was used as a bio‐cleaner to remove Cu2+ from environmental samples. The copper binding capacity of engineered protein (amGFP, 346.46 μg mL−1) showed a 1.6‐fold increase compared with native protein (GFP, 214 μg mL−1). GFP and amGFP immobilized on ethylenediamine‐functionalized granular activated carbon (FGAC) were applied to environmental samples; FGAC‐immobilized amGFP exhibited Cu2+ removal of about 85%, which was twofold higher than that of FGAC‐immobilized GFP.CONCLUSIONSThe results prove that amGFP was able to bind more copper than native GFP. This is an early attempt to develop a genetically encoded fluorescent protein that could be used to effectively remove Cu2+ from wastewater. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation settings on dentin‐adhesive interfacial ultramorphology and dentin bond strength
Authors: Vermelho Paulo Moreira , Freitas Patricia Moreira , Reis André Figueiredo , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of Erbium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser settings and dentin bonding agents on ultramorphological characteristics of resin–laser–irradiated dentin interfaces and dentin bond strength (BS) of these adhesive systems. Additionally, dentin depth affected by Er:YAG laser irradiations was measured. The experiments were performed on occlusal dentin surfaces of third molars that were flattened with 600‐grit SiC sandpaper. Treated‐dentin with laser settings (250 mJ/4 Hz and 160 mJ/10 Hz) were the experimental groups, while SiC abraded dentin was the control. These three dentin treatments and three adhesives (two self‐etchings and one etch‐&‐rinse adhesive) formed nine groups for the ultramorphology of laser‐ablated dentin‐adhesives interfacial analysis, using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For BS (n = 8), the same nine groups were tested with addition of the two evaluation times (24 h after sample preparation or 1 year). The depths of Er:YAG laser effects into the dentin were measured using a TEM (n = 10). Ablated‐dentin depth and BS data were analyzed by one‐ and three‐way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Hybrid layer formation was only observed for controls, while for laser‐treated dentin, adhesives were bonded to dentin with resin tags formation. Laser settings reduced the BS for all adhesives at 24 h, while at 1 year, etch‐&‐rinse adhesive presented the highest BS, regardless treatment (control or laser settings). Dentin depth affected by laser settings was similar. The laser irradiation altered the bonding mechanism of the adhesives to dentin and reduced the BS for self‐etching adhesives. Etch‐&‐rinse adhesive yielded the highest BS at 1 year. Laser settings similarly affected the dentin in depth.HighlightsEr:YAG laser irradiation settings produced similar effects on depth and bond strength to dentin. The etch‐&‐rinse adhesive yielded the highest dentin bond strength regardless of the type of dentin treatment at 1 year.
Nonspecific ileitis: Impact of histopathology and gastrointestinal ultrasound in achieving the diagnosis of Crohn's disease
Authors: Smith Rebecca L , Taylor Kirstin M , Friedman Antony B , Majeed Ammar , Perera Natalie , Gibson Peter R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimNonspecific ileitis is inflammation of the ileum without specific diagnostic features. A minority may go on to develop Crohn's disease, but optimal pathways of further investigation have not been established. This study aimed to identify a cohort of patients with nonspecific ileitis and to determine the value of ileal histology and gastrointestinal ultrasound in identifying/excluding Crohn's disease.Patients and MethodsIn a retrospective analysis, all patients having nonspecific ileitis at colonoscopy from January 2010 to August 2021 were identified. Clinical associations with those subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease were examined with specific reference to ileal histology and gastrointestinal ultrasound.ResultsOf 29 638 procedures, 147 patients (0.5%) had nonspecific ileitis. Crohn's disease was subsequently diagnosed in 8 patients (5.4%) at a median of 148 (range 27–603) days after colonoscopy. The presence of chronic inflammation on ileal biopsies was more common in those subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease (63% vs 20%; P = 0.0145). On gastrointestinal ultrasound, none of the 26 patients with normal bowel wall thickness (<3 mm) were subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and repeat ultrasound in 15 patients 1 year later showed no change. Of the nine patients with abnormal sonographic findings, three were diagnostic for Crohn's disease. Repeat ultrasound revealed Crohn's disease in two, while four had resolution of the abnormal findings.ConclusionAlthough ileal histology was of limited value in identifying patients with nonspecific ileitis who were subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease, gastrointestinal ultrasound was highly informative. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the value of gastrointestinal ultrasound as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in this setting.