bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midpoint and endpoint characterization factors for mineral resource dissipation: methods and application to 6000 data sets
Authors: Charpentier Poncelet Alexandre , Loubet Philippe , Helbig Christoph , Beylot Antoine , Muller Stéphanie , Villeneuve Jacques , Laratte Bertrand , Thorenz Andrea , Tuma Axel , Sonnemann Guido 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The accessibility to most metals is crucial to modern societies. In order to move towards more sustainable use of metals, it is relevant to reduce losses along their anthropogenic cycle. To this end, quantifying dissipative flows of mineral resources and assessing their impacts in life cycle assessment (LCA) has been a challenge brought up by various stakeholders in the LCA community. We address this challenge with the extension of previously developed impact assessment methods and evaluating how these updated methods compare to widely used impact assessment methods for mineral resource use.

Methods
Building on previous works, we extend the coverage of the average dissipation rate (ADR) and lost potential service time (LPST) methods to 61 metals. Midpoint characterization factors are computed using dynamic material flow analysis results, and endpoint characterization factors, by applying the market price of metals as a proxy for their value. We apply these methods to metal resource flows from 6000 market data sets along with the abiotic depletion potential and ReCiPe 2016 methods to anticipate how the assessment of dissipation using the newly developed methods might compare to the latter two widely used ones.

Results and discussion
The updated midpoint methods enable distinguishing between 61 metals based on their global dissipation patterns once they have been extracted from the ground. The endpoint methods further allow differentiating between the value of metals based on their annual average market prices. Metals with a high price that dissipate quickly have the highest endpoint characterization factors. The application study shows that metals with the largest resource flows are expected to have the most impacts with the midpoint ADR and LPST methods, metals that are relatively more expensive have a greater relative contribution to the endpoint assessment.

Conclusion
The extended ADR and LPST methods provide new information on the global dissipation patterns of 61 metals and on the associated potentially lost value for humans. The methods are readily applicable to resource flows in current life cycle inventories. This new information may be complementary to that provided by other impact assessment methods addressing different impact pathways when used in LCA studies. Additional research is needed to improve the characterization of the value of metals for society and to extend the methods to more resources.
A systematic review of robot-assisted anti-reflux surgery to examine reporting standards
Authors: Huttman Marc M. , Robertson Harry F. , Smith Alexander N. , Biggs Sarah E. , Dewi Ffion , Dixon Lauren K. , Kirkham Emily N. , Jones Conor S. , Ramirez Jozel , Scroggie Darren L. , Zucker Benjamin E. , Pathak Samir , Blencowe Natalie S. ,   RoboSurg collaborative group, Main Barry G. , Blazeby Jane M. , Zucker Ben , Dawson Sarah , Vallance Abi , Wilkinson Aimee , Young Amber , Jones Annabel , Abbas Aya , Turner Benedict , Thomas Charlie , Hoffmann Christin , Henshall David , Boden Eleanor , Gull Emma , Sewart Emma , Wood Fergus , Loro Francesca , Hollowood Freya , Fowler George E. , Higginbotham George , Sellers Grace , Hughes Ioan , Handa Ishita , Rees Jonathan , Leandro Lorna , Paynter Louisa , Huppler Lucy , Gourbault Lysander , Wijeyaratne Manuk , Dewhurst Max , Shah Max , Kiandee Miraen , Dada Mo , Brewster Oliver , Lok Pat , Winayak Rahul , Ranat Reesha , Macefield Rhiannon , Lawrence Ruby , Millar Ryan , Lawday Sam , Dalmia Sanjush , Cousins Sian , Rozwadowski Sophie , Robinson Tanya , Perra Teresa , Leow Tjun Wei , Brankin-Frisby Tom , Baker Will , Hurst William , Young Ysabelle Embury , Hoffman Christin , Richards Hollie S. , Olivier James , Lee Keng Siang , Purves Rory 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRobot-assisted anti-reflux surgery (RA-ARS) is increasingly being used to treat refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow up) Collaboration’s framework aims to improve the evaluation of surgical innovation, but the extent to which the evolution of RA-ARS has followed this model is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the standard to which RA-ARS has been reported during its evolution, in relation to the IDEAL framework. A systematic review from inception to June 2020 was undertaken to identify all primary English language studies pertaining to RA-ARS. Studies of paraoesophageal or giant hernias were excluded. Data extraction was informed by IDEAL guidelines and summarised by narrative synthesis. Twenty-three studies were included: two case reports, five case series, ten cohort studies and six randomised controlled trials. The majority were single-centre studies comparing RA-ARS and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Eleven (48%) studies reported patient selection criteria, with high variability between studies. Few studies reported conflicts of interest (30%), funding arrangements (26%), or surgeons’ prior robotic experience (13%). Outcome reporting was heterogeneous; 157 distinct outcomes were identified. No single outcome was reported in all studies.The under-reporting of important aspects of study design and high degree of outcome heterogeneity impedes the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from the body of evidence. There is a need for further well-designed prospective studies and randomised trials, alongside agreement about outcome selection, measurement and reporting for future RA-ARS studies.
A contribution to the dynamics of the tapping process: analytically estimated and measured instantaneous eigenfrequencies of the tapping tool
Authors: Öztürk Tuǧrul , Weigold Matthias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this contribution an analytical approach for estimating the tapping tool’s instantaneous eigenfrequencies of flexural modes is derived. A sensor-integrated tap holder with a close-to-tool vibration sensor attached on the tapping tool is introduced and verified by means of frequency response analysis. The close-to-tool vibration data measured during thread cutting experiments is analyzed in time and frequency domain. The instantaneous eigenfrequencies observed in the spectrogram of the power spectral density are compared with the analytical estimation results. It could be shown that considering for the analytical estimation approach the tapping tool-workpiece contact as clamped boundary condition shows close accordance to the experimental data.
Conic reductions for Hamiltonian actions of U(2) and its maximal torus
Authors: Paoletti Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSuppose given a Hamiltonian and holomorphic action of $$G=U(2)$$

G
=
U
(
2
)

on a compact Kähler manifold M, with nowhere vanishing moment map. Given an integral coadjoint orbit $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
for G, under transversality assumptions we shall consider two naturally associated ‘conic’ reductions. One, which will be denoted $$\overline{M}^G_{\mathcal {O}}$$

M
¯

O
G

, is taken with respect to the action of G and the cone over $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
; another, which will be denoted $$\overline{M}^T_{\varvec{\nu }}$$

M
¯

ν

T

, is taken with respect to the action of the standard maximal torus $$T\leqslant G$$

T
⩽
G

and the ray $$\mathbb {R}_+\,\imath \varvec{\nu }$$

R
+

ı

ν

along which the cone over $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
intersects the positive Weyl chamber. These two reductions share a common ‘divisor’, which may be viewed heuristically as bridging between their structures. This point of view motivates studying the (rather different) ways in which the two reductions relate to the the latter divisor. In this paper we provide some indications in this direction. Furthermore, we give explicit transversality criteria for a large class of such actions in the projective setting, as well as a description of corresponding reductions as weighted projective varieties, depending on combinatorial data associated to the action and the orbit.
Patient preferences for features of HER2-targeted treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a discrete-choice experiment study
Authors: Mansfield Carol , Botha Willings , Vondeling Gerard T. , Klein Kathleen , Wang Kongming , Singh Jasmeet , Hackshaw Michelle D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to quantify patients’ benefit-risk preferences for attributes associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted breast cancer treatments and estimate minimum acceptable benefits (MABs), denominated in additional months of progression-free survival (PFS), for given treatment-related adverse events (AEs).

Methods
We conducted an online discrete-choice experiment (DCE) among patients with self-reported advanced/metastatic breast cancer in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan (N = 302). In a series of nine DCE questions, respondents chose between two hypothetical treatment profiles created by an experimental design. Profiles were defined by six attributes with varying levels: PFS, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, liver function problems, risk of heart failure, and risk of serious lung damage and infections. Data were analyzed using an error component random-parameters logit model.

Results
Among the attributes, patients placed the most importance on a change in PFS from 5 to 26 months; change from no diarrhea to severe diarrhea was the least important. Avoiding a 15% risk of heart failure had the largest MAB (5.8 additional months of PFS), followed by avoiding a 15% risk of serious lung damage and infections (4.6 months), possible severe liver function problems (4.2 months), severe nausea/vomiting (3.7 months), and severe diarrhea (2.3 months) compared with having none of the AEs. The relative importance of 21 additional months of PFS (increasing from 5 to 26 months) increased for women with HER2-negative disease and those with children.

Conclusions
Patients valued PFS gain higher than the potential risk of AEs when deciding between hypothetical breast cancer treatments.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in heart transplantation recipients in the Netherlands
Authors: Muller S. A. , Manintveld O. C. , Szymanski M. K. , Damman K. , van der Meer M. G. , Caliskan K. , van Laake L. W. , Oerlemans M. I. F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of complicated severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of heart transplantation (HTx) recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Netherlands.

Methods
HTx patients from one of the three HTx centres in the Netherlands with COVID-19 (proven by positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or serology test result) between February 2020 and June 2021 were included. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was disease severity.

Results
COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54/665 HTx patients (8%), with a mean (± standard deviation (SD)) time after HTx of 11 ± 8 years. Mean (± SD) age was 53 ± 14 years and 39% were female. Immunosuppressive therapy dosage was reduced in 37% patients (20/54). Hospitalisation was required in 39% patients (21/54), and 13% patients (7/54) had severe COVID-19 (leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death). In-hospital mortality was 14% (3/21), and all-cause mortality was 6%. Compared with patients with moderate COVID-19 (hospitalised without ICU indication), severe COVID-19 patients tended to be transplanted earlier and had a significantly higher mean (± SD) body mass index (26 ± 3 vs 30 ± 3 kg/m2, p = 0.01). Myocardial infarction, cellular rejection and pulmonary embolism were observed once in three different HTx patients.

Conclusion
HTx patients were at increased risk of complicated COVID-19 with frequent hospitalisation, but the all-cause mortality was substantially lower than previously described (7–33%).
Design of Replicated Open-Pore Aluminium Cellular Materials with a Non-Stochastic Structure for Sound Absorption Applications
Authors: Carbajo J. , Molina J. M. , Kim S. , Maiorano L. P. , Mosanenzadeh S. Ghaffari , Fang N. X. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral porous materials, especially natural fibres and polyurethane foams, are frequently used as sound absorbers in multiple noise reduction applications. Notwithstanding their excellent absorption performance, these materials usually lack the structural strength and fire resistance required for use in aggressive environments or situations requiring structural stability. This paper proposes the design of open-pore polymer and aluminum cellular materials with non-stochastic structures for sound absorption. These materials were fabricated using additive manufacturing (polymeric materials) and the replication method (aluminum materials), which involves infiltrating porous preforms formed by compacting spheres of a martyr material, such as NaCl, with liquid aluminum. The proposed materials can be employed as a resonator system when backed by an air cavity, with the change in cavity depth used to tune its sound absorption peak. Following the standard ASTM E1050, the sound absorption of these materials was investigated. In addition, the sound absorption performance of the materials was predicted using an Equivalent Circuit Method model. The experimental results are consistent with those predicted by the model, highlighting the potential of the microstructural and configurational design of these materials as sound absorbers.
Graphical Abstract
Highly Active Lanthanum Perovskite Electrocatalysts (LaMnxCo1-xO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) by Tuning the Mn:Co Ratio for ORR and MOR in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Shafath Sadiyah , Logade Khulood , Ashok Anchu , Kumar Anand , Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLanthanum-based perovskites (LaMnxCo1-xO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) were synthesized using a solution combustion synthesis technique with variable ratios of Co and Mn to investigate the surface property and electrocatalytic characteristics (stability and activity of catalyst) for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline medium (KOH). The structural, chemical, and morphological characterizations of the synthesized catalyst were performed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques as a function of the Mn:Co elemental ratio. The time–temperature profile during the combustion process was also monitored to study the completion of the combustion reaction and to understand its impact on the structure of the perovskites. SEM/EDX and XPS analysis confirmed the formation of the targeted ratio of Mn and Co on the catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) results revealed that all perovskite samples with different Co:Mn ratios were active for ORR, OER, and MOR. The LaMnxCo1-xO3 perovskite with x = 0.4 showed the highest current density compared to the other samples toward all the electrocatalytic reactions under alkaline reaction conditions.
Graphical Abstract
Retroperitoneal Causes of Genitourinary Pain Syndromes: Systematic Approach to Evaluation and Management
Authors: Khalife Tarek , Hagen Amy M. , Alm Jessica E.C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWomen with pelvic pain commonly report pain in their ovaries, vagina, uterus, or bladder. These symptoms may be caused by visceral genitourinary pain syndromes but also may be caused by musculoskeletal disorders of the abdomen and pelvis. Understanding neuroanatomical and musculoskeletal factors that may contribute to genitourinary pain is important for evaluation and management.ObjectivesThis review aims to (i) highlight the importance of clinical knowledge of pelvic neuroanatomy and sensory dermatomal distribution of the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, exemplified in a clinical case; (ii) review common neuropathic and musculoskeletal causes of acute and chronic pelvic pain that may be challenging to diagnose and manage; and (iii) discuss female genitourinary pain syndromes with a focus on retroperitoneal causes and treatment options.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed, Ovid Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the keywords “chronic pelvic pain,” “neuropathy,” “neuropathic pain,” “retroperitoneal schwannoma,” “pudendal neuralgia,” and “entrapment syndromes.”ResultsRetroperitoneal causes of genitourinary pain syndromes have substantial overlap with common conditions treated in a primary care setting. Thus, a comprehensive and systematic history and physical examination, with focused attention to the pelvic neuroanatomy, is key to establishing the correct diagnosis. In the clinical case, such a comprehensive approach led to the unexpected finding of a large retroperitoneal schwannoma. This case highlights the intricacy of pelvic pain syndromes and the complex nature of their possible overlapping causes, which ultimately affects treatment planning.ConclusionKnowledge of the neuroanatomy and neurodermatomes of the abdomen and pelvis, in addition to understanding pain pathophysiology, is critical when evaluating patients with pelvic pain. Failure to apply proper evaluation and implement proper multidisciplinary management strategies contributes to unnecessary patient distress, decreased quality of life, and increased use of health care services.
MULTI-STATE MODELLING OF CUSTOMER CHURN
Authors: Dong Yumo , Frees Edward W. , Huang Fei , Hui Francis K. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCustomer churn, which insurance companies use to describe the non-renewal of existing customers, is a widespread and expensive problem in general insurance, particularly because contracts are usually short-term and are renewed periodically. Traditionally, customer churn analyses have employed models which utilise only a binary outcome (churn or not churn) in one period. However, real business relationships are multi-period, and policyholders may reside and transition between a wider range of states beyond that of the simply churn/not churn throughout this relationship. To better encapsulate the richness of policyholder behaviours through time, we propose multi-state customer churn analysis, which aims to model behaviour over a larger number of states (defined by different combinations of insurance coverage taken) and across multiple periods (thereby making use of readily available longitudinal data). Using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) with a second-order Markov assumption, we demonstrate how multi-state customer churn analysis offers deeper insights into how a policyholder’s transition history is associated with their decision making, whether that be to retain the current set of policies, churn, or add/drop a coverage. Applying this model to commercial insurance data from the Wisconsin Local Government Property Insurance Fund, we illustrate how transition probabilities between states are affected by differing sets of explanatory variables and that a multi-state analysis can potentially offer stronger predictive performance and more accurate calculations of customer lifetime value (say), compared to the traditional customer churn analysis techniques.
The interface of paediatric ENT and autism spectrum disorder: a complex conundrum for otolaryngologists
Authors: Gimlette S , Stapleton E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition encompassing complex physical and neurological symptoms, including complex sensory symptoms. This review explores the interface between autism spectrum disorder and paediatric ENT.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (‘PRISMA’) guideline, a robust literature search and review was conducted by two researchers. Thirty-four papers were filtered into the final review.ResultsPublished literature clearly demonstrates potential for autism spectrum disorder to present in the form of auditory and other sensory symptoms to ENT surgeons and audiologists who may not fully appreciate this complex condition. Despite this well-documented link, auditory symptoms, auditory processing disorders and hearing loss within autism spectrum disorder remain poorly understood.ConclusionImproved recognition and understanding of autism spectrum disorder by otolaryngologists could enable more effective diagnostic and management strategies for autistic children who present with auditory and other sensory symptoms. In light of the current ‘autism epidemic,’ there is an urgent need for further research on this theme.
Mental Health Response to Disasters: Is There a Role for a Primary Care-Based Clinician?
Authors: Crompton David , Shakespeare-Finch Jane , FitzGerald Gerard , Kohleis Peter , Young Ross 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Following natural disasters, rural general practitioners (GPs) are expected to undertake several roles, including identifying those experiencing psychological distress and providing evidence-informed mental health care. This paper reports on a collaborative mental health program developed to support a rural GP practice (population <1,500) and a disaster response service.Methods:The program provided specialized disaster mental health care via the placement of a clinician in the GP facility. In collaboration with the GP practice, the program offered opportunistic screening using the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (PC-PTSD) for probable PTSD as the primary measure and the Kessler 6 (K6) as a secondary measure. Those scoring higher than two on the PC-PTSD scale were referred to the mental health clinician (MHC) for further assessment and treatment.Results:Sixty screening assessments were completed. Fourteen patients (male = 3; female = 11) scored higher than two on the PC-PTSD. The referred group PC-PTSD mean score was 3.14 and K6 mean score of 19. Those not referred had a PC-PTSD mean score = 0.72 and K6 mean score = 7.30. The treatment and non-treatment groups differed significantly (PC-PTSD: P <.00001 and K6: P <.00001). A prior history of trauma exposure was notable in the intervention group. Eight reported a history of domestic violence, seven histories of sexual abuse, five childhood sexual abuse, and eight intimate partner violence (IPV).Conclusion:A post-disaster integrated GP and mental health program in a rural community can assist in identifying individuals experiencing post-disaster psychological distress using opportunistic psychological screening. The findings indicate that collaborative mental health programs may effectively support rural communities post-disaster.
The Solubility Limit of Carbon in Alumina at 1,600°C
Authors: Cohen Li-or , Ghosh Priyadarshini , Berner Alex , Marder Rachel , Kaplan Wayne D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The solubility limit of carbon in α-Al2O3 (alumina) equilibrated at 1,600°C under He in a graphite furnace was measured by wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy. Undoped alumina and alumina containing carbon at a concentration resulting in the precipitation of a second phase were prepared and equilibrated at 1,600°C. The undoped alumina was used to quantify the amount of carbon deposited on the surface of samples because of hydrocarbon contamination in the electron microscope, and this background level was removed from the signal measured from carbon-doped samples. The solubility limit of carbon in alumina was found to be 5,300 ± 390 at. ppm, and it is believed that carbon substitutes oxygen as an anion and is charge-compensated by oxygen vacancies. Doping alumina with carbon at concentrations below the solubility limit does not impede densification and reduces grain growth. Doping above the solubility limit hinders densification during sintering.