bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coloration mechanisms of fresh sugarcane juice: Investigating the critical components and enzyme activity
Authors: Wang Lu , Wu Jiamin , Huang Huimei , Huang Wencheng , Wang Peng , Chen Jiebo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe color of sugarcane juice has a great influence on the preferences of consumers. The contents of pigments, sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant activities, and color differences among juices produced from four sugarcane varieties were investigated in this study. The data suggested that variety played an important role in the color and chemicophysical properties of sugarcane juice. The color of four varieties of sugarcane juice varied from greenish yellow to light brown. Bamboo cane juice and black rind sugarcane juice presented similar color properties and both had high contents of phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant activities. Yellow rind sugarcane juice with higher value of L* (26.10) and more pigment contents than the other varieties was attractive. Sucrose, glucose, β‐alanine, chlorogenic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, isochlorogenic acid, DPPH, and polyphenol oxidase activity had positive correlations with a* value. The effects of organic acids on color were limited.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated the relationships between color parameters and contents of pigments, sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, enzyme activities, and antioxidant activities of sugarcane juice. This could help to find out the coloration mechanisms of sugarcane juice. Our manuscript created a paradigm for future studies on color control during juice processing and storage.
Lactic acid bacteria synergistic fermentation affects the flavor and texture of bread
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Zhang Jialan , Wang Shaojin , Liu Yingbao , Li Li , Gao Mengxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFermentation strains play a key role in the quality of bread. The combination of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may effectively improve the function and nutritional properties of bread. In this study, the dough was fermented to make bread by using single strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mode A), the combination of two strains (S. cerevisiae and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, mode B; S. cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, mode C), or three strains (S. cerevisiae, L. plantarum, and L. delbrueckii, mode D). The specific volume, texture, and aroma substances of bread were evaluated. The possibility of mixed fermentation of selected yeast and LAB to replace natural fermentation dough was evaluated. The results showed that the specific volume of bread in mode B was 15.2% higher than that of mode A. The structure was softer and the taste was more vigorous in mode B bread. The content of volatile compounds was highest in mode B bread among the four mode bread. The characteristic flavors were ethyl 2‐hydroxypropionate and z‐3‐hexenol. The cofermentation in mode B made the bread aroma richer and gave better aroma characteristics to bread. Therefore, the fermentation of S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum can be recommended to replace naturally fermented dough to improve the quality of bread.Practical ApplicationL. plantarum and L. delbrueckii, separately or together, assisted in yeast fermentation to make bread. The specific volume, texture, and aroma substances of bread were evaluated to replace natural fermented dough with mixed fermentation. L. plantarum–assisted yeast fermentation improved the specific volume, texture, and aroma of bread. The characteristic flavors were ethyl 2‐hydroxypropionate and z‐3‐hexenol in bread. Therefore, the fermentation of S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum could replace naturally fermented dough to improve the quality of bread.
CD38 inhibitor 78c increases mice lifespan and healthspan in a model of chronological aging
Authors: Peclat Thais R. , Thompson Katie L. , Warner Gina M. , Chini Claudia C.S. , Tarragó Mariana G. , Mazdeh Delaram Z. , Zhang Chunlian , Zavala‐Solorio Jose , Kolumam Ganesh , Liang Wong Yao , Cohen Robert L. , Chini Eduardo N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels decline during aging, contributing to physical and metabolic dysfunction. The NADase CD38 plays a key role in age‐related NAD decline. Whether the inhibition of CD38 increases lifespan is not known. Here, we show that the CD38 inhibitor 78c increases lifespan and healthspan of naturally aged mice. In addition to a 10% increase in median survival, 78c improved exercise performance, endurance, and metabolic function in mice. The effects of 78c were different between sexes. Our study is the first to investigate the effect of CD38 inhibition in naturally aged animals.
Associations of delay discounting and drinking trajectories from ages 14 to 22
Authors: Fröhner Juliane H. , Ripke Stephan , Jurk Sarah , Li Shu‐Chen , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L.W. , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Paillère Martinot Marie‐Laure , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Smolka Michael N. ,   the IMAGEN Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile drinking alcohol, one must choose between the immediate rewarding effects and the delayed reward of a healthier lifestyle. Individuals differ in their devaluation of a delayed reward based on the time required to receive it, i.e., delay discounting (DD). Previous studies have shown that adolescents discount more steeply than adults and that steeper DD is associated with heavier alcohol use in both groups.MethodsIn a large‐scale longitudinal study, we investigated whether higher rates of DD are an antecedent or a consequence of alcohol use during adolescent development. As part of the IMAGEN project, 2220 adolescents completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire as a DD measure, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Timeline Follow Back interview at ages 14, 16, 18, and 22. Bivariate latent growth curve models were applied to investigate the relationship between DD and drinking. To explore the consequences of drinking, we computed the cumulative alcohol consumption and correlated it with the development of discounting. A subsample of 221 participants completed an intertemporal choice task (iTeCh) during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14, 16, and 18. Repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to differentiate between high‐risk and low‐risk drinkers on the development of neural processing during intertemporal choices.ResultsOverall, high rates of DD at age 14 predicted a greater increase in drinking over 8 years. In contrast, on average, moderate alcohol use did not affect DD from ages 14 to 22. Of note, we found indicators for less brain activity in top‐down control areas during intertemporal choices in the participants who drank more.ConclusionsSteep DD was shown to be a predictor rather than a consequence of alcohol use in low‐level drinking adolescents. Important considerations for future longitudinal studies are the sampling strategies to be used and the reliability of the assessments.
Economic evaluations of tobacco control interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Jiang Xiaobin , Jackson Louise J. , Syed Muslim Abbas , Avşar Tuba Saygın , Abdali Zainab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTobacco consumption and its associated adverse outcomes remain major public health issues, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This systematic review aimed to identify and critically assess full economic evaluations for tobacco control interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsElectronic databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO and the grey literature, were searched using terms such as ‘tobacco’, ‘economic evaluation’ and ‘smoking’ from 1994 to 2020. Study quality was assessed using the Consensus Health Economic Criteria and the Philips checklist. Studies were included which were full economic evaluations of tobacco control interventions in low‐ and middle‐income settings. Reviews, commentaries, conference proceedings and abstracts were excluded. Study selection and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers independently. A narrative synthesis was conducted to synthesize the findings of the studies.ResultsThis review identified 20 studies for inclusion. The studies evaluated a wide range of interventions, including tax increase, nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine patch/gum) and financial incentives. Overall, 12 interventions were reported to be cost‐effective, especially tax increases for tobacco consumption and cessation counselling. There were considerable limitations regarding data sources (e.g. using cost data from other countries or assumptions due to the lack of local data) and the model structure; sensitivity analyses were inadequately described in many studies; and there were issues around the transferability of results to other settings. Additionally, the affordability of the interventions was only discussed in two studies.ConclusionsThere are few high‐quality studies of the cost‐effectiveness of tobacco use control interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The methodological limitations of the existing literatures could affect the generalizability of the findings.
The impact of road safety policies in a deregulated alcohol tax environment in Hong Kong: a 15‐year time series analysis
Authors: Ng Carmen S. , Au Minnie , Leung June Y. Y. , Leung Gabriel M. , Tian Linwei , Quan Jianchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHong Kong reduced beer and wine tax in 2007, eliminated taxes on beer and wine and strengthened drink‐driving legislation in 2008, and increased police traffic enforcement after the 2014 social unrest. This study aimed to measure the effects of implementing road safety policies on road traffic harm in the context of deregulated alcohol control policy in Hong Kong.DesignPopulation‐based interrupted time series analysis using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (sARIMA) models. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted.SettingHong Kong, China and Singapore from January 2004 to December 2019.CasesA total of 313 728 road traffic injuries in Hong Kong and 163 773 road traffic injuries in Singapore as controls.MeasurementsMonthly rates of road traffic injuries, non‐fatal injuries and serious/fatal injuries from Hong Kong and Singapore Police Force.FindingsThe elimination of alcohol taxes and the enactment of road safety legislation in 2008 were associated with immediate reductions in total road traffic injuries of 6.71% (95% CI, 1.99%–11.20%), serious/fatal injuries of 13.80% (95% CI, 1.85%–24.30%) and sustained declines in drink‐driving and collisions involving drink‐driving. The effects of the 2007 tax reduction were inconclusive. Progressively increasing traffic enforcement was associated with continuous reductions in road traffic injuries by 0.21% per month (95% CI, 0.13%–0.30%), and serious/fatal injuries by 1.10% per month (95% CI, 0.85%–1.35%). Effects at the corresponding timepoints in Singapore did not reach statistical significance; the results were inconclusive regarding confounding effects on both regions.ConclusionsDespite weakened alcohol control and increased alcohol sales over the same period, road safety policies in Hong Kong are associated with net reductions in road traffic injuries, particularly serious/fatal injuries.
Impact of tamponade agent on retinal displacement following pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair: a computer simulation model
Authors: Farahvash Armin , Marafon Samara B. , Juncal Verena R. , Figueiredo Natalia , Ramachandran Arun , Muni Rajeev H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeRhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair with silicone oil (SO) tamponade has been observed to cause less retinal displacement than gas tamponade. Here, we assessed the mechanism and theoretical extent of retinal displacement in SO versus air tamponade in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).DesignComputer simulation model.MethodsTamponade scale and subretinal scale simulation models previously developed were used to assess the physical forces, fluid dynamics and retinal deformations in SO versus air PPV.ResultsWhen comparing a SO tamponade and an air tamponade occupying 93% of the ocular cavity, the SO tamponade has a Bond number that is an order of magnitude smaller and has a much lower contact angle (99° versus 125°) and contact pressure (0.0230 versus 1.44 mmHg). With a greater contact area and contact pressure, an air tamponade squeezes subretinal fluid away from contact points, displacing the retina by a maximum length of approximately 700 μm in our model. In contrast, for a SO tamponade, the contact pressure is much lower with a very small magnitude of retinal displacement (~ 50 μm).ConclusionsWe showed that SO tamponade leads to significantly less retinal displacement than air tamponades. Although we do not recommend the routine use of primary SO because of its several disadvantages compared with gas, our findings can be further utilized to develop novel tamponade agents that minimize the risk of retinal displacement following RRD repair.
Incidence and risk factor analysis of complications after sentinel node biopsy for penile cancer
Authors: Wever Lieke , de Vries Hielke M. , Dell’Oglio Paolo , van der Poel Henk G. , Donswijk Maarten L. , Sikorska Karolina , van Leeuwen Fijs W.B. , Horenblas Simon , Brouwer Oscar R. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and types of complications after dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) in patients with penile cancer (PeCa) and identify risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative complications.Patients and MethodsWe evaluated 644 patients with PeCa (1284 DSNB procedures) with at least one clinically node negative (cN0) groin who underwent DSNB between 2011 and 2020 at a single high‐volume centre. The 30‐ and 30–90‐day postoperative complications were collected according to the modified Clavien–Dindo classification and the standardised methodology proposed by the European Association of Urology panel. Uni‐ and multivariable generalised linear mixed models were used to identify risk factors for the occurrence of complications per groin.ResultsA 30‐day postoperative complication occurred in 14% of groins (n = 186), of which 94% were mild to moderate. Wound infection and lymphocele formation were most common. A 30–90‐day postoperative complication occurred in 3.4% of the groins, all of which were mild or moderate (Grade I–II). The number of removed lymph nodes (LNs) per groin was the main independent predictor for any 30‐day complications and Grade ≥II complications (odds ratio 1.40; P < 0.001). There was an increase in the probability of postoperative complications with the number of LNs removed after accounting for all confounders.ConclusionsDespite being less morbid than (modified) inguinal LN dissection, DSNB is still associated with a considerable risk of postoperative mild‐to‐moderate complications. This risk increases with increasing number of LNs removed. Further procedural refinement aimed at removing the true sentinel node(s) only, may help further reduce the morbidity of surgical staging in PeCa.
Presidential Address: Forging a developmental science mission to improve population outcomes and eliminate disparities for young children
Authors: Dodge Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChild development science has not fully realized its mission to improve population outcomes for children and eliminate disparities across race and income groups. One domain with great need but also great potential is the challenge parents face in raising a young child. A system of universal primary psychosocial care is proposed, with three components: a comprehensive infrastructure of community resources, such as North Carolina's Smart Start; financial supports for specific interventions, such as pre‐kindergarten; and a way to help families identify and address family‐specific needs, such as Family Connects. Empirical studies demonstrate the promise of each component for population impact and disparity elimination but also the need for continued improvement. Developmental scientists are called upon to fulfill their mission.
Retracted: An artificial intelligence‐based smart health system for biological cognitive detection based on wireless telecommunication
Authors: Babu Manikam , Jesudas Thangaraju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe framework described in this work is a propelled explication to diagnosis of the health condition of the individuals who is affecting from arthritis disease. The innovation underlying this is the Internet of Things (IoT), a propelled system in the current trend to combine sensor data to the visualization platform for improved comprehension. In this work, we fabricated a thin film‐based bio‐sensor for detecting uric acid (UA) in the blood which is used to diagnose the arthritis disease. The fabricated sensor is integrated with node microcontroller unit (MCU) unit to store the uric acid content data where it is processed and recorded. The logged information can be forwarded by utilizing IoT technology using Thing Speak application programming interfaces (APIs) key and the information refreshed from the framework can be available in the cloud connector. The data for visualization can be obtained by API, validated with the private key, and accessed using Thing Speak APIs on multiple platforms such as mobile, tablet, and laptop connected to the internet. So, in summary, Thing Speak API Handler ensures the legitimacy of data retrieval from the cloud and visualization across several platforms.
Indigenous peoples as sentinels of change in human‐wildlife relationships: Conservation status of mountain goats in Kitasoo Xai'xais territory and beyond
Authors: Jessen Tyler D. , Service Christina N. , Poole Kim G. , Burton A. Cole , Bateman Andrew W. , Paquet Paul C. , Darimont Chris T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLocal people can act as sentinels for change, especially for wildlife populations not monitored by centralized governments. Responding to concern expressed by the Kitasoo Xai'xais (KX) First Nation over a decline in mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) sightings, our community‐academic partnership assessed the conservation status of goats in KX territory and beyond in British Columbia by evaluating three independent information sources. Aerial surveys (2019 and 2020) over 542 km2 revealed a low‐density population (mean 0.25, SD 0.12 goats/km2), typical of peripheral coastal range. Interviews with KX Knowledge Holders revealed that sightings from sea level have declined sharply over 40 years, a period during which temperatures have increased and snowpack has decreased. Finally, Kill data (1980–2018) showed that kills/hunter/day initially increased among guided hunters before plateauing, but declined among resident hunters (~70% of hunt days) in both coastal and interior BC. Convergent patterns among datasets suggest that coastal goats declined in abundance and/or reduced use of low‐elevation habitat, disrupting a millennia‐old relationship between KX people and goats, thereby posing a conservation concern. Broadly, our work shows that detecting threats to peripheral populations, and wildlife in general, can be informed and empowered by the knowledge of place‐based peoples and associated decentralized management. Kitasoo Xai'xais First Nation mountain goat research illustrates roles of Indigenous peoples as sentinels of population and ecosystem change.
Frugivore distributions are associated with plant dispersal syndrome diversity in the Caribbean archipelagos
Authors: Kim Seokmin , Sales Lilian , Carreira Daiane , Galetti Mauro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMany plants rely on interactions with frugivores for dispersal, suggesting that animal communities may affect plant occupancy and diversity. However, the contribution of these interaction‐led biotic variables on plant diversity is poorly understood, especially in archipelagic hotspots such as the Caribbean. In island ecosystems, biogeographic theories suggest that island configurations drive colonization‐extinction dynamics, while macroecology argues for the importance of climatic drivers of biodiversity. Within this context, we examine how frugivore‐driven biotic factors are associated with fruiting plant species richness in relation to abiotic (climatic and geologic) and island configuration characteristics.LocationCaribbean archipelagos.MethodsWe compiled a review of the diversity and distributions of 6039 plants and 326 vertebrate frugivores across 105 islands within the Caribbean. We then identified characteristics related to plant‐frugivore interactions and assigned each species as having either abiotic (wind, water, etc.) or zoochoric (frugivory‐dependent) dispersal syndromes. We related plant richness and dispersal syndromes to the regional diversity and characteristics of frugivorous animals, abiotic environments and island configuration characteristics through stepwise multivariate regression with generalized linear models and model selection.ResultsWe found that 44.6% of Caribbean plants are dispersed through frugivory (endozoochory). Frugivore‐related characteristics, namely accumulated body mass of island bird assemblages, were the best predictors of the diversity of seed dispersal syndromes. To a lesser degree, reptile richness and soil variety were also considered important predictors for zoochoric plant distribution, while island areas affected abiotically‐dispersed plants.Main conclusionWe found that biotic characteristics of frugivore communities are important predictors of plant diversity in the Caribbean archipelagos. However, this may also be influenced by climate and colonization history. Given the importance of biotic metrics in explaining plant diversity, we suggest that fruit‐frugivore interactions are important components of island biogeography and that frugivorous communities should be accounted for plant biodiversity predictions and forecast models.
Fixed‐ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) improves ß‐cell function in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ferrannini Ele , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Dex Terry , Servera Soraly , Mari Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMultiple studies support the efficacy of combining a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) with basal insulin in people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on dual/triple oral therapy. Fixed‐ratio combinations of basal insulin + GLP‐1RA represent a further advance to facilitate management. We assessed the impact of fixed‐ratio combination basal insulin + GLP‐1RA treatment on β‐cell function.Materials and MethodsWe analysed data from 351 participants in the LixiLan‐G trial (NCT02787551) randomized to receive iGlarLixi (insulin glargine 100 U/ml + lixisenatide) or to continue daily/weekly GLP‐1RA, both on top of metformin. Participants received a 2‐h meal tolerance test before randomization and at study end (26 weeks), with timed plasma glucose and C‐peptide determinations. β‐cell function parameters were resolved using mathematical modelling.ResultsIn the GLP‐1RA group (n = 162), both body weight and glycated haemoglobin decreased at week 26, yet none of the insulin secretion/β‐cell function parameters changed significantly. In contrast, in the iGlarLixi group (n = 189), glycated haemoglobin decreased significantly more than in the GLP‐1RA group (p < .0001) despite an increase in body weight (+1.7 ± 3.9 kg, p < .0001). Fasting and stimulated insulin secretion decreased at Week 26 (both p < .0001 vs. GLP‐1RA), while β‐cell glucose sensitivity increased by a median 35% (p = .0032 vs. GLP‐1RA). The incremental meal tolerance test glucose area showed a larger reduction with iGlarLixi versus GLP‐1RA (p < .0001).ConclusionsIn people with type 2 diabetes on metformin, 26‐week treatment with iGlarLixi resulted in a marked improvement in β‐cell function concomitant with sparing of endogenous insulin release and a reduction in meal absorption.