bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth instabilities shape morphology and genetic diversity of microbial colonies
Authors: Golden Alexander , Dukovski Ilija , Segrè Daniel , Korolev Kirill S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cellular populations assume an incredible variety of shapes ranging from circular molds to irregular tumors. While we understand many of the mechanisms responsible for these spatial patterns, little is known about how the shape of a population influences its ecology and evolution. Here, we investigate this relationship in the context of microbial colonies grown on hard agar plates. This a well-studied system that exhibits a transition from smooth circular disks to more irregular and rugged shapes as either the nutrient concentration or cellular motility is decreased. Starting from a mechanistic model of colony growth, we identify two dimensionless quantities that determine how morphology and genetic diversity of the population depend on the model parameters. Our simulations further reveal that population dynamics cannot be accurately described by the commonly-used surface growth models. Instead, one has to explicitly account for the emergent growth instabilities and demographic fluctuations. Overall, our work links together environmental conditions, colony morphology, and evolution. This link is essential for a rational design of concrete, biophysical perturbations to steer evolution in the desired direction.
Modeling the dynamics of innate immune response to Parkinson disease with therapeutic approach
Authors: Badrah Asma , Al-Tuwairqi Salma 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to mathematically model the dynamics of Parkinson’s disease with therapeutic strategies. The constructed model consists of five state variables: healthy neurons, infected neurons, extracellular α-syn, active microglia, and resting microglia. The qualitative analysis of the model produced an unstable free equilibrium point and a stable endemic equilibrium point. Moreover, these results are validated by numerical experiments with different initial values. Two therapeutic interventions, reduction of extracellular α-syn and reduction of inflammation induced by activated microglia in the central nervous system, are investigated. It is observed that the latter has no apparent effect in delaying the deterioration of neurons. However, treatment to reduce extracellular α-syn preserves neurons and delays the onset of Parkinson’s disease, whether alone or in combination with another treatment.
An improved multiple populations quantum genetic algorithm
Authors: Niu Xu-Feng , Ma Wen-Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the in-depth study of quantum genetic algorithm (QGA), the defect of premature convergence limits its development more and more. In order to further improve QGA, we propose an improved QGA based on multi population (IQGA). In the process of population initialization in IQGA, we generate multiple populations to avoid a single population falling into a local optimal value. We also abandon the fixed angle used by the traditional quantum revolving gate, and design a strategy to adjust the angle adaptively according to the difference from the optimal solution. In addition, we introduce a population catastrophe strategy to deal with the premature convergence of each population. The populations are connected based on migration operation, and the optimal solution of each population obtained by each iteration is collected in the elite group. A series of simulation experiments show that our improvement strategies of IQGA are effective.
Emergence of mass in the gauge sector of QCD*
Authors: Papavassiliou J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is currently widely accepted that gluons, while massless at the level of the fundamental QCD Lagrangian, acquire an effective mass through the non-Abelian implementation of the classic Schwinger mechanism. The key dynamical ingredient that triggers the onset of this mechanism is the formation of composite massless poles inside the fundamental vertices of the theory. These poles enter the evolution equation of the gluon propagator and nontrivially affect the way the Slavnov-Taylor identities of the vertices are resolved, inducing a smoking-gun displacement in the corresponding Ward identities. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the pivotal concepts associated with this dynamical scenario, emphasizing the synergy between functional methods and lattice simulations and highlighting recent advances that corroborate the action of the Schwinger mechanism in QCD.
Charged quark stars in f(R,T) gravity*
Authors: Pretel Juan M. Z. , Tangphati Takol , Banerjee Ayan , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in nuclear theory and new astrophysical observations have led to the need for specific theoretical models applicable to dense-matter physics phenomena. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts the existence of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom at high densities in neutron-star matter, such as quark matter. Within a confining quark matter model, which consists of homogeneous, neutral 3-flavor interacting quark matter with

corrections, we examine the structure of compact stars composed of a charged perfect fluid in the context of

gravity. The system of differential equations describing the structure of charged compact stars has been derived and numerically solved for a gravity model with

. For simplicity, we assumed that the charge density is proportional to the energy density, namely,

. It is demonstrated that the matter-geometry coupling constant β and charge parameter α affect the total gravitational mass and the radius of the star.
Application of simulations and theory of sub-cyclotron frequency modes to DIII-D
Authors: Belova E.V. , Crocker N.A. , Lestz J.B. , Fredrickson E.D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Theoretical and numerical study of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) in the sub-cyclotron frequency range explains the observed frequency scaling with beam parameters in experiments across different devices. Global Alfvén (GAEs) and compressional Alfvén eigenmodes (CAEs) are frequently excited during neutral beam injection (NBI) in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX/NSTX-U), as well as other beam-heated devices such as MAST and DIII-D. These modes are driven unstable through the Doppler shifted cyclotron resonance with the NBI ions and can be excited in ITER due to super-Alfvénic velocities and anisotropy of the fast ion distribution. Numerical models and theory for sub-cyclotron frequency modes, previously developed and used to study the excitation of GAEs/CAEs in the NSTX(-U), have been successfully applied to explain the DIII-D observations. Simulations for DIII-D demonstrate that the modes with ω/ω
ci ∼ 0.6, previously mis-identified as CAEs, have shear polarization and should be identified as the GAEs. Simulation results match the observed frequencies and estimated toroidal mode numbers in DIII-D experiments. Good agreement is found between scaling of the experimentally observed GAE frequencies with NBI parameters for NSTX, NSTX-U and DIII-D and scaling predicted by the theory and simulations. The DIII-D simulation results also demonstrate that GAEs can be excited for larger aspect-ratio devices and smaller (sub-Alfvénic) beam injection velocities, therefore they can be unstable in ITER.
Comparative study of stages of titanium minerals formation in nature and experiment for “smart” materials industry
Authors: Ponaryadov A , Kotova O , Sun S , Kurovics E , Ibrahim J E F M , Gömze L A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The economic importance of titanium oxides and hydroxides results in the active development of titanium deposits. Considering world trends in the development of titanium ores and taking into account their mineralogical features, a comparative study of stages of titanium minerals formation in nature (mineralogenesis) and their transformations in technological processing or synthesis (technogenesis) under hydrothermal conditions at the macrolevel (textural), micro-level (structural) and nanoscale (heterogeneity of individuals and microaggregates, including the synthesis of nanostructures) was made. The natural mechanism of mineral formation of titanium ores in the geological system (titanium ore – hydrothermal conditions) have been successfully used to simulate the synthesis of titanium nanotubes: a trigger for the redeposition of ore matter with the formation of new mineral phases and restructuring at the macro-, micro- and nanoscale is the energy of the geological system/its model, which is sufficient to create conditions for inhomogeneiting (destabilizing) the initial structure of titanium minerals due to external influences (P, T, pH). The relationship between the stages of mineral formation processes in nature and experiment as a promising strategy for the “smart” materials industry was discussed.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles coated with bovine serum albumin for application as vaccine carriers
Authors: Rodríguez-Calderón A G , Contreras-García M E , Nuñez-Anita R E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nanostructured particles represent a viable option for antigen carrier design in new vaccine development. In this research stage, some of the results obtained for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles covered with bovine serum albumin (AgNP-BSA) are presented. The silver nanoparticles were obtained by chemical reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) as precursor and sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) as reducing agent. The AgNP-BSA were obtained from the wet impregnation method using bovine serum albumin suspension at five different concentrations. The nanostructures were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential (ζ).
Synthesis and characterization of alkali-activated zeolite-poor rocks
Authors: M. Ibrahim Jamal Eldin F. , Kurovics Emese , Tihtih Mohammed , Gömze László A. , Kocserha István 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Zeolite-geopolymer composite materials were obtained through mechanical activation using planetary ball mill followed by chemical activation using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), these materials integrate the beneficial features of both zeolites and geopolymers. In this present work, the morphological characteristics, microstructure, phase determination of raw materials and the generated ceramic samples were studied by several characterization methods such as SEM, EDS and XRD. The microstructural analysis confirms the formation of needle-like structure in sub-micron and nanostructure, while the phase identification reveals the creation of single-phase zeolite (heulandite).
Influence of secondary carbon fiber on the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of alkali-activated granulated blast furnace slag-based composites
Authors: Klimenko N N , Kiseleva K I , Kienskaya K I , Nistratov A V , Volfkovich Yu M , Sosenkin V E , Delitsyn L M , Sigaev V N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of an environmentally friendly fibre-reinforce alkali-activated composites. The composites were obtained from alkali-activated granulated blast furnace slag reinforced with chopped secondary carbon fibres (SCFs) coming from the aircraft industry carbon fiber reinforced plastics waste. Three types of surfactants and two concentrations of SCFs were investigated. The compressive and bending strengths were measured to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of specimens. Moreover, the polycondensation products, pore structure, and microscopic morphology of the composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), method of standard contact porosimetry (MSCP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that tetraethylammonium bromide and a superplasticizer agent Glenium-51® increase compressive strength for reference granulated blast furnace slag-based alkali-activated matrix approximately by 60 % and lead to lower open porosity from 16 to 5 %. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of 0.7 vol. % SCFs had an optimal influence on mechanical behaviour and microstructure of composite. Based on the test results, it can be clearly said that using of Glenium-51® is improving the compressive strength of slag based alkali-activated composites reinforced SCFs.
Magnetic properties and morphology of ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Pizúrová N , Buršík J , Sojková T , Roupcová P , Schneeweiss O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Maghemite nanoparticles prepared with the modified synthesis method published by Sun et al. 2004 and followed by filtering to extract a sample of the smallest nanoparticle size were investigated. The 2-5 nm nanoparticles of monocrystalline and multi-twinned morphology without surface shells were observed. Superparamagnetic behavior was detected above the temperature of 40 K. An exchange bias loop shift of ~ 2 mT at 3 K after cooling with an external field of 3 T suggested a low influence of the surface spin disorder effect. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the two phases with different blocking temperatures, the maghemite phase as well as a second one likely originating from the disordered surface component.
A colorimetric method of As3+ ion detection and quantification using hand-held Lovibond photometers.
Authors: Kumar R. , Rauwel P. , Kriipsalu M. , Rauwel E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Among the existing forms of arsenic, As3+ compounds are the most abundant and toxic in the environment. In the present study, we design a colorimetric method that selectively detects arsenite ions in aqueous media using fuchsine as an indicator. The novelty of this method lies in the use of Lovibond MD-610 hand-held photometer in order to determine the absorptivity at a wavelength of 560 nm. Subsequently a calibration curve for various known As3+ concentrations was plotted using Lambert-Beer’s law. The arsenite concentrations studied ranged from 0.2-10 ppm.
Advanced and emerging materials for testing a curtain wall connection element for improved seismic performance
Authors: Giglio F , Milardi M , Sansotta S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The research for emerging and disruptive new materials and advanced technologies is a driver of technological innovation in both industry and academia. In this work, the authors present some parts of the results of their research and investigation. The experimental research of advanced materials is a constantly evolving field, concerning the need to respond to increasingly advanced technical performance, even in the construction sector and specifically for Building Envelopes. In this context, the contribution concerns ongoing experimental research, which investigates the dynamic behavior of non-structural elements of the Facade subjected to the action of the earthquake. The results of the investigations conducted so far aim to increase innovation in the field of advanced materials for extreme applications, for the constraints on the implementation of the technologies (increasing element sizes, higher mechanical strengths, better performance), exploiting the superelastic effect (SE) and the shape memory effect (SME). Thus, it seems clear that the potential of the two unique properties for Facade Design applications is a valuable tool for investigating dynamic behaviors that exist in nature as well.
Multi - Purpose Photonic Crystal-Based Sensor Design by Finite Element Method
Authors: Ozer Zafer , Palaz Selami , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to the full reflection of electromagnetic waves, certain frequencies cannot propagate in photonic crystals. Waveguides and resonators obtained by removing some rods in photonic crystals with band gap are sensitive to small changes in refractive index. Using this sensitivity, photonic crystal-based sensors can be designed for different purposes. The refractive index changes when the sample with different refractive index is placed in the detection area. Sensors sensitive to refractive index change, detect samples with different refractive indices placed in the detection area by shifting the resonant wavelength of the sensor.
In this study, photonic crystal-based multi-purpose sensor was designed and analyzed by finite element method. The sensitivity and quality factor of the sensors were examined.
A planetary boundary-based method to assess freshwater use at the global and local scales
Authors: Kulionis Viktoras , Pfister Stephan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many studies have attempted to evaluate the transgression of the water planetary boundary at sub-global levels. Typically, this has been done by assessing water consumption in a country/city or sector against the assigned share of the global limit. Such an approach enables evaluating whether a sub-global unit operates within the safe global limits. However, it ignores spatial water availability and thus may provide an incomplete image of water-related environmental impacts and thus local boundaries. This study demonstrates how the water planetary boundary concept can be integrated within the Environmentally Extended Multi-Region Input-Output (EEMRIO) framework to assess global and local (watershed level) boundaries. Our results demonstrate that even though most countries operate within globally safe limits, for several countries, a large share of water comes from watersheds that have reached unsafe water consumption levels. This highlights the importance of combining local and global level assessments to design more accurate and tailored policy responses targeting specific watersheds that are most at risk.
An efficient linked list for molecular simulations on a spherical surface
Authors: Ramírez Esteban Vélez , Elvingson Christer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main part of the cpu time in molecular simulations is usually spent calculating the non-bonded interactions. To improve the efficiency, a neighbour list or a cell linked list is normally used, where the linked list is usually more efficient and requires less memory for a large number of particles or dense systems. The linked list, however, still suffers from including many pairs which will not be within the interaction distance, and this overhead becomes even more significant for higher dimensions. In this work, we consider specifically simulations of particles confined to move on a spherical surface, where the overhead using a cubic grid to form a linked list becomes even larger by also including many cells which do not intersect the sphere. We address this by setting up a linked list directly on the spherical surface, thus reducing the dimensionality of the resulting neighbour search. We show that one obtains not only a substantial reduction in cpu time, but also a significant decrease in memory requirement. We further show how to extend this procedure to the 3-sphere (hypersphere), which can be used to simulate bulk systems avoiding periodic boundaries. Also in this case, using a linked list directly on the 3-sphere, the reduction in cpu time is significant, and the decrease in memory requirement, compared with a regular grid in

R

4

, is even more pronounced. We finally comment on how the efficiency of the described method can be further improved.
Relativistic quantum scarring, spin-induced phase, and quantization in a symmetric Dirac billiard system
Authors: Li Zi-Yuan , Ye Li-Li , Ni Rui-Hua , Wang Cheng-Zhen , Huang Liang , Lai Ying-Cheng , Grebogi Celso 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, Sir Michael Berry and his collaborator Mondragon studied the behaviors of neutrino, a massless relativistic quantum particle, in a classically chaotic billiard—the neutrino billiard problem. To celebrate Sir Michael Berry’s eightieth birthday, here we report results on the role of geometric symmetries of the billiard system in relativistic quantum scarring. In particular, we investigate a Dirac billiard system with a four-fold rotational symmetry whose classical dynamics are fully chaotic. The system is described by the massless Dirac equation in the fundamental domain that consists of one fourth of the full billiard, with proper boundary conditions on the symmetry lines to preserve the physical properties under the symmetry operations. We show that the relativistic quantum characteristics of spin induced phase play a fundamental role in the quantum behaviors of the Dirac particle in the billiard. We find that the peaks in the length spectra are due to the interference of states circling the fundamental domain orbits (FDOs) in opposite propagating directions, which can be constructive or destructive depending on the accumulated phases. In addition, we derive the quantization conditions of the scarring states about the unstable periodic orbits within the fundamental domain from the phase along the FDOs. Our work is a vivid demonstration that relativistic quantum scarring, or more generally quantum manifestations of classical chaos, can be fully understood by analyzing the behaviors of the geometric phase—a powerful approach in modern physics pioneered by Sir Michael Berry.
On the physical limitations of structured paraxial beams with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Jaimes-Nájera A , Gómez-Correa J E , Ugalde-Ontiveros J A , Méndez-Dzul H , Iturbe-Castillo M D , Chávez-Cerda S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the description of physical systems it is common to discard singular solutions to second order differential equations due to their apparent lack of physical meaning. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated, using a mathematical-physics approach, that singular solutions can be used in the description of optical beams. In this paper, we construct and study paraxial traveling-waves using the full set of solutions to the paraxial wave equation, and prove that they diverge at infinity. We ascribe that non-physical effect to the paraxial approximation of the Helmholtz equation. Despite this, we show that these traveling waves provide a mathematical-physics framework that unveils orbital angular momentum carrying Laguerre–Gauss beam as the superposition of these traveling waves, and permits a physical description of the self-healing process.
Insight into mechanisms of creatinine optical sensing using fluorescein-gold complex
Authors: Anselmo Sara , De Luca Giuseppe , Ferrara Vittorio , Pignataro Bruno , Sancataldo Giuseppe , Vetri Valeria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Creatinine level in biological fluids is a clinically relevant parameter to monitor vital functions and it is well assessed that measuring creatinine levels in the human body can be of great utility to evaluate renal, muscular, or thyroid dysfunctions. The accurate detection of creatinine levels may have a critical role in providing information on health status and represents a tool for the early diagnosis of severe pathologies. Among different methods for creatinine detection that have been introduced and that are evolving with increasing speed, fluorescence-based and colorimetric sensors represent one of the best alternatives, thanks to their affordability, sensitivity and easy readability. In this work, we demonstrate that the fluorescein-Au3+ complex provides a rapid, selective, and sensitive tool for the quantification of creatinine concentrations in ranges typical of sweat and urine. UV-visible absorption, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were used to shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the changes of optical properties, which underlie the multiplexed sensor analytical reply. Interestingly, sensing can be performed in solution or on solid nylon support accessing different physiological concentrations from micromolar to millimolar range. As a proof-of-concept, the nylon-based platform was used to demonstrate its effectiveness in creatinine detection on a solid and flexible substrate, showing its analytical colorimetric properties as an easy and disposable creatinine point-of-care test.