bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of replacing or adding pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A at 11–13 weeks on screening for preterm pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Wah Y. M. I. , Sahota D. S. , Chaemsaithong P. , Wong L. , Kwan A. H. W. , Ting Y. H. , Law K. M. , Leung T. Y. , Poon L. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) alters or provides equivalent screening performance as placental growth factor (PlGF) when screening for preterm pre‐eclampsia (PE) at 11–13 weeks of gestation.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a non‐intervention screening study of 6546 singleton pregnancies that were screened prospectively for preterm PE in the first trimester between December 2016 and June 2018. Patient‐specific risks for preterm PE were estimated by maternal history, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), PlGF and PAPP‐A. A competing‐risks model with biomarkers expressed as multiples of the median was used. All women and clinicians were blinded to the risk for preterm PE. The performance of screening for preterm PE using PlGF vs PAPP‐A vs both PAPP‐A and PlGF was assessed by comparing areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics (AUC) curves. McNemar's test was used to compare detection rate at a fixed false‐positive rate (FPR) of 10%.ResultsPlGF and PAPP‐A were measured in 6546 women, of whom 37 developed preterm PE. The AUC and detection rate at 10% FPR using PlGF in combination with maternal history, MAP and UtA‐PI were 0.854 and 59.46%, respectively. The respective values were 0.813 and 51.35% when replacing PlGF with PAPP‐A and 0.855 and 59.46% when using both PAPP‐A and PlGF. Statistically non‐significant differences were noted in AUC when replacing PlGF with PAPP‐A (ΔAUC, 0.04; P = 0.095) and when using both PAPP‐A and PlGF (ΔAUC, 0.002; P = 0.423). However, on an individual case basis, screening using PlGF in conjunction with maternal history, MAP and UtA‐PI identified three (8.1%) additional pregnancies that developed preterm PE and that were not identified when replacing PlGF with PAPP‐A. Screening using PAPP‐A in addition to maternal history and other biomarkers did not identify any additional pregnancies.ConclusionOn an individual case basis, adoption of a screening strategy that uses PAPP‐A instead of PlGF results in reduced detection of preterm PE, consistent with previous literature. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome in complicated monochorionic pregnancy after selective fetal reduction: radiofrequency ablation vs microwave ablation
Authors: Wu T. , Gong X. , Wang X. , Li L. , Chen Z. , Yuan P. , Xie J. , Gong L. , Wang X. , Zhao Y. , Wei Y. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo summarize our experience in the application of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) for selective fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic pregnancies and compare the perinatal outcome of the two techniques.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of data from a consecutive cohort of all monochorionic twin pregnancies that underwent selective fetal reduction with RFA or MWA at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China from January 2012 to December 2018. All surviving cotwins were followed up to assess their neurodevelopment using the Age & Stage Questionnaire, Chinese version. Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared between the RFA and MWA groups. We also fitted multivariable models to test the association between procedure‐related factors and the main perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB) < 37 weeks' gestation, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) of the cotwin, adverse outcome (defined as occurrence of IUFD of the cotwin, termination of pregnancy or PTB < 28 weeks) and overall survival.ResultsIn total, 45 cases (42 twin and three triplet pregnancies) underwent RFA and 126 cases (105 twin and 21 triplet pregnancies) underwent MWA. The overall survival rates in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies were similar between the RFA and MWA groups (61.0% vs 67.0%; P = 0.494). However, pregnancies whose indication for fetal reduction was selective intrauterine growth restriction or twin reversed arterial perfusion had higher overall survival rates (75.5% and 82.6%, respectively) compared with those in other indication groups. A total of 104 children were followed up (20 in the RFA group and 84 in the MWA group); four (20.0%) and eight (9.5%) children were assessed as having overall developmental delay in the RFA and MWA groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. Multivariable analyses showed that procedure indication, number of ablation cycles and gestational age at procedure were associated significantly with the main perinatal outcomes.ConclusionsRFA and MWA for selective fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic pregnancies can achieve similar overall survival rate and neurodevelopmental outcome, but MWA is associated with a lower risk of preterm birth. Moreover, procedure‐related factors are associated significantly with perinatal outcome. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Synthesis of Tris(silyl)silanides Revisited. A Study of Reactivity and Stability
Authors: Lainer Thomas , Fischer Roland C. , Haas Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, we investigated the stability of (H3Si)3SiLi (2a) in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE). Moreover, the synthesis to obtain tris(silyl)silanides with alternated counter ions by the base mediated desilylation approach was described. Additionally, metal‐metal exchange reactions of 2 a with MgBr2, ZnCl2, HgCl2 were examined. Subsequently, we reacted 2 a with 1.0 and 0.5 equivalents of ZnCl2[TMEDA] and could obtain the isolable zinc substituted silanides 5 a,b. Finally, we reacted 2 a with equimolar amounts of [(MesNacnac)MgI(OEt2)] and [(DippNacnac)MgI(OEt2)] and found the selective transmetalation to the corresponding magnesium substituted silanides 6 a,b in good yields. Interestingly, for compounds 5 a,b and 6 a,b the removal of the reaction solvents did not induce a degradation. For compound 6 a crystals suitable for X‐ray analysis could be grown, which represents the first structural characterization of an isolable perhydrogenated hypersilanide.
Truck Platoon Slipstream Effects Assessment
Authors: Kospach Alexander , Irrenfried Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the increase of stringent emission standards and higher road transportation cycles in the last few decades, the importance of transport and fuel efficiency plays a major role. The aerodynamic forces on trucks have a huge impact of the overall fuel consumption rate. For a 40 tonnes semi-trailer truck at 85 km/h on a flat highway, around 40% of the provided engine power is needed to overcome the air resistance (Hucho in Aerodynamik des Automobils. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, [1]). An efficient way to reduce the aerodynamic drag of trucks is to build a platoon of trucks. To assess the potential of a truck platoon due to slipstream effect, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were conducted. The simulations were performed for a platoon with three trucks for different constant velocities at different inter-vehicle distances. The results are summarised in a normalised drag coefficient and fuel reduction map. As a limiting factor of platooning, the thermal management aspect must be considered, because the slipstream reduces the air mass flow through the engine compartment. This aspect of reduced air mass flow through the engine compartment was analysed as well.
Inspiration from a Father: Johan Galtung
Authors:   Interviewed by Henrik Urdal
Published: April 2022

Abstract“The Second World War had a lasting effect on me. Especially because my beloved father was imprisoned....” In this interview, PRIO’s main founder Johan Galtung (b. 1930) talks about his family background and the impact of the Second World War on his generation. He recounts his discovery of Gandhi’s teachings, his time in prison as a conscientious objector to military service and his later life as a transdisciplinary peace researcher, transcending national borders.
Truth and Logic for a More Peaceful World: Kristian Berg Harpviken
Authors:   Interviewed by Arne Strand
Published: April 2022

Abstract“I sense a political climate with a potential to make the world dramatically worse.” In this conversation with his friend and colleague Arne Strand, former PRIO director Kristian Berg Harpviken (b. 1961) expresses deep worries for the future of democracy and respect for factual truth. Kristian and Arne reflect together on their decades-long experience in Afghanistan.
On the Road to Peace: Wenche Iren Hauge
Authors:   Interviewed by Åshild Kolås
Published: April 2022

AbstractBangladesh, Colombia, Guatemala, Haiti, Madagascar, Nepal, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Tunisia. In this interview, Wenche Iren Hauge (b. 1959) traces her life trajectory from a youthful traveller to becoming one of PRIO’s most experienced fieldworkers and reflects on what it takes for a peace process to be successful.
PRIO’s State Feminist: Helga Hernes
Authors:   Interviewed by Kristian Berg Harpviken
Published: April 2022

AbstractHelga Hernes (b. 1938), born in Germany and educated in the US, moved to Norway in 1970 and came to PRIO in 2006, after retiring as a professor at the University of Oslo. Commonly known as Norway’s “state feminist,” she became the doyen of PRIO’s gender research. In this interview she shares her memories from her childhood in Germany through her US experience to her career as a Norwegian diplomat, academic and overseer of intelligence services.
Searching the Archives for a Missing Peace: Hilde Henriksen Waage
Authors:   Interviewed by Henrik Syse
Published: April 2022

AbstractSenior Norwegian foreign service officers called her thesis “indecent and slanderous” and demanded forty changes in her text before they would allow it to be published. With her revelations about Norway’s role in the conflict between Israel, the Palestinians and the surrounding states, Hilde Henriksen Waage (b. 1959) became PRIO’s most controversial researcher in the 1990s–2000s. In this interview, she recounts how she “fought back” and reflects on her leadership roles at PRIO.
Uniting Nations for Peace: Ingrid Eide
Authors:   Interviewed by Stein Tønnesson
Published: April 2022

Abstract“When people ask what peace is, I urge them to tell me what they associate with war. They answer death, destruction … Then I suggest that peace could be the opposite: life, construction….” The sociologist Ingrid Eide (b. 1933), one of PRIO’s founders, speaks in this interview about her lifelong engagement for the United Nations, about her marriages with two leading peace researchers, and her approach to the concept of peace.
Peace Is More Than the Absence of War: Inger Skjelsbæk
Authors:   Interviewed by Cindy Horst
Published: April 2022

Abstract“If peace is just the absence of war, then you have peace lots of places. But if peace is also well-being and resilience to conflicts, then it is more challenging.” In this interview, the peace psychologist Inger Skjelsbæk (b. 1969) engages with peace theory and explains how she came to focus her research on conflict-related sexual violence in the former Yugoslavia as part of her engagement with gender and conflict.
A Social Democratic Peace: Nils Petter Gleditsch
Authors:   Interviewed by Hilde Henriksen Waage
Published: April 2022

Abstract“I have come to realize that economic cooperation and development are important drivers of peace.” In this interview, PRIO’s main veteran researcher Nils Petter Gleditsch (b. 1942) explains his role in exposing Norway’s Cold War secrets, his work with democratic peace theory, and his essential role in developing PRIO and the Journal of Peace Research’s excellence in quantitative peace and conflict research.
Positive Solutions for Slightly Subcritical Elliptic Problems Via Orlicz Spaces
Authors: Cuesta Mabel , Pardo Rosa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper concerns semilinear elliptic equations involving sign-changing weight function and a nonlinearity of subcritical nature understood in a generalized sense. Using an Orlicz–Sobolev space setting, we consider superlinear nonlinearities which do not have a polynomial growth, and state sufficient conditions guaranteeing the Palais–Smale condition. We study the existence of a bifurcated branch of classical positive solutions, containing a turning point, and providing multiplicity of solutions.
Obvious Strategyproofness, Bounded Rationality and Approximation
Authors: Ferraioli Diodato , Ventre Carmine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObvious strategyproofness (OSP) has recently emerged as the solution concept of interest to study incentive compatibility in presence of agents with a specific form of bounded rationality, i.e., those who have no contingent reasoning skill whatsoever. We here want to study the relationship between the approximation guarantee of incentive-compatible mechanisms and the degree of rationality of the agents, intuitively measured in terms of the number of contingencies that they can handle in their reasoning. We weaken the definition of OSP to accommodate for cleverer agents and study the trade-off between approximation and agents’ rationality for two paradigmatic problems: machine scheduling and facility location. We prove that, for both problems, “good” approximations are possible if and only if the agents’ rationality allows for a significant number of contingencies to be considered, thus showing that OSP is not too restrictive a notion of bounded rationality from the point of view of approximation.
Hans-Joachim Pflüger: scientist, citizen, cosmopolitan
Authors: Duch Carsten , Büschges Ansgar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOn January 25, 2022, Professor Hans-Joachim Pflüger passed away. Hans-Joachim Pflüger conducted research in the field of neuroethology, with a focus on the development, anatomy, and function of sensorimotor networks underlying insect locomotion. As founding member and one of the presidents of the German Neuroscience Society, Hans-Joachim Pflüger was a driving force behind the development of the Neurosciences in Germany and Europe. This obituary reflects on his curriculum vitae. It shall honor his scientific and professional achievements, and importantly, also his wonderful personality, which makes this loss so sad across the manifold levels of his life and his legacy, the family, the professional and the scientific community.
How previous treatment changes the metabolomic profile in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Nees Juliane , Schafferer Simon , Yuan Baowen , Tang Quiqong , Scheffler Matthias , Hartkopf Andreas , Golatta Michael , Schneeweiß Andreas , Burwinkel Barbara , Wallwiener Markus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Metabolites are in the spotlight of attention as promising novel breast cancer biomarkers. However, no study has been conducted concerning changes in the metabolomics profile of metastatic breast cancer patients according to previous therapy.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized, partially blinded, treatment-based study. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients were enrolled between 03/2010 and 09/2016 at the beginning of a new systemic therapy. The endogenous metabolites in the plasma samples were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ® p180 Kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck) a targeted, quality and quantitative-controlled metabolomics approach. The statistical analysis was performed using R package, version 3.3.1. ANOVA was used to statistically assess age differences within groups. Furthermore, we analyzed the CTC status of the patients using the CellSearch™ assay.

Results
We included 178 patients in our study. Upon dividing the study population according to therapy before study inclusion, we found the following: 4 patients had received no therapy, 165 chemotherapy, and 135 anti-hormonal therapy, 30 with anti-Her2 therapy and 38 had received treatment with bevacizumab. Two metabolites were found to be significantly different, depending on the further therapy of the patients: methionine and serine. Whereas methionine levels were higher in the blood of patients who received an anti-Her2-therapy, serine was lower in patients with endocrine therapy only.

Conclusion
We identified two metabolites for which concentrations differed significantly depending on previous therapies, which could help to choose the next therapy in patients who have already received numerous different treatments.
R132H IDH1 sensitizes glioma to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of BET inhibition
Authors: Sears Thomas K. , Woolard Kevin D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDHmut) identify a subset of gliomas that exhibit epigenetic dysregulation via aberrant DNA methylation. These tumors are ultimately fatal and lack effective therapeutic strategies. Considering the epigenetic dysregulation of IDHmut gliomas, we hypothesized that epigenetic-targeting drugs may yield therapeutic benefits in gliomas bearing IDHmut. One set of targets includes the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of transcriptional coactivators.

Methods
We used TCGA data from glioma patients to determine whether BET proteins affect patient survival differently based on IDH status. Follow-up experiments using a set of IDH wildtype/mutant glioma cultures, as well as an IDH wildtype glioblastoma cell line expressing exogenous R132H IDH1, focused on cell health assays to investigate whether IDHmut was associated with increased sensitivity to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Immunoblots were used to evaluate the molecular response to JQ1 in these cultures.

Results
We identified that high BRD4 expression associated with decreased survival only in IDHmut glioma patients. Cell viability analysis showed that IDHmut sensitized glioma cells to delayed cytotoxicity (10 days) in response to JQ1. Early effects of JQ1 (3 days) were primarily antiproliferative, with IDHmut glioma exhibiting a modest increase in sensitivity. Finally, exogenous R132H IDH1 expression in a resistant IDH wildtype cell line recapitulated the JQ1-mediated delayed cytotoxicity seen in our endogenous IDHmut glioma cells.

Conclusion
Overall, these data suggest that BRD4 enhances malignancy primarily in gliomas bearing IDHmut and is associated with greater sensitivity to BET inhibition. The finding that BET inhibition primarily exhibits delayed cytotoxicity may be overlooked in conventional short endpoint dose–response assays. Follow-up mechanistic and animal studies will help address the translational potential of these findings.
Asymptotic moments of spatial branching processes
Authors: Gonzalez Isaac , Horton Emma , Kyprianou Andreas E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuppose that $$X =(X_t, t\ge 0)$$

X
=
(

X
t

,
t
≥
0
)

is either a superprocess or a branching Markov process on a general space E, with non-local branching mechanism and probabilities $${\mathbb {P}}_{\delta _x}$$

P

δ
x

, when issued from a unit mass at $$x\in E$$

x
∈
E

. For a general setting in which the first moment semigroup of X displays a Perron–Frobenius type behaviour, we show that, for $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

and any positive bounded measurable function f on E, $$\begin{aligned} \lim _{t\rightarrow \infty } g_k(t){\mathbb {E}}_{\delta _x}[\langle f, X_t\rangle ^k] = C_k(x, f), \end{aligned}$$

lim

t
→
∞

g
k

(
t
)

E

δ
x

[

⟨
f
,

X
t

⟩

k

]

=

C
k

(
x
,
f
)

,

where the constant $$C_k(x, f)$$

C
k

(
x
,
f
)

can be identified in terms of the principal right eigenfunction and left eigenmeasure and $$g_k(t)$$

g
k

(
t
)

is an appropriate deterministic normalisation, which can be identified explicitly as either polynomial in t or exponential in t, depending on whether X is a critical, supercritical or subcritical process. The method we employ is extremely robust and we are able to extract similarly precise results that additionally give us the moment growth with time of $$\int _0^t \langle f, X_t \rangle \mathrm{d}s$$

∫
0
t

⟨
f
,

X
t

⟩

d
s

, for bounded measurable f on E.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Dysphagia Research Following Stroke: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Moloney Jennifer , Regan Julie , Walshe Margaret 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to evaluate the impact of a health condition on quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to identify the range of PROMs that are currently in common use in clinical trials in dysphagia following stroke and to qualitatively analyse these PROMs by mapping the content to both the International Classification of Functioning and Disability Framework (ICF) and the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Taxonomy for outcome classification. With consideration for the PRISMA-ScR checklist, a scoping review was conducted to identify commonly used PROMs in randomised controlled trials reported in persons with dysphagia stroke. A search of five databases was conducted. Studies were excluded if they included pediatric participants i.e. < 18 years of age, or if the text was not available in the English language. 110 papers met the inclusionary criteria. Twelve of these 110 papers included a dysphagia PROM. Two PROMs were identified as being in common use—the SWAL-QOL and the EAT-10. These two tools consisted of 47 items and 78 meaningful concepts, which were subsequently mapped to the ICF and the COMET Taxonomy. Mapping to the ICF showed that neither tool directly assessed the impact of ‘Environmental Factors’ on the experience of dysphagia. Mapping to the COMET Taxonomy showed that neither tool considered the impact of ‘Role Functioning’ on the person’s experience of dysphagia. The development of a suitable and appropriate patient-reported assessment tool for use in those with dysphagia following stroke is warranted.