bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural–functional connectivity mapping of the insular cortex: a combined data-driven and meta-analytic topic mapping
Authors: Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Wang Pan , Jiang Yuan , Becker Benjamin , Hu Peng , Uddin Lucina Q , Biswal Bharat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we examined structural and functional profiles of the insular cortex and mapped associations with well-described functional networks throughout the brain using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) data. We used a data-driven method to independently estimate the structural–functional connectivity of the insular cortex. Data were obtained from the Human Connectome Project comprising 108 adult participants. Overall, we observed moderate to high associations between the structural and functional mapping scores of 3 different insular subregions: the posterior insula (associated with the sensorimotor network: RSFC, DTI = 50% and 72%, respectively), dorsal anterior insula (associated with ventral attention: RSFC, DTI = 83% and 83%, respectively), and ventral anterior insula (associated with the frontoparietal: RSFC, DTI = 42% and 89%, respectively). Further analyses utilized meta-analytic decoding maps to demonstrate specific cognitive and affective as well as gene expression profiles of the 3 subregions reflecting the core properties of the insular cortex. In summary, given the central role of the insular in the human brain, our results revealing correspondence between DTI and RSFC mappings provide a complementary approach and insight for clinical researchers to identify dysfunctional brain organization in various neurological disorders associated with insular pathology.
Habenular connectivity predict weight loss and negative emotional-related eating behavior after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Wang Jia , Ji Gang , Li Guanya , Hu Yang , Zhang Wenchao , Ji Weibin , Tan Zongxin , Li Hao , Jiang Fukun , Zhang Yaqi , Wu Feifei , von Deneen Karen M , Yu Juan , Han Yu , Cui Guangbin , Manza Peter , Tomasi Dardo , Volkow Nora D , Nie Yongzhan , Zhang Yi , Wang Gene-Jack 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Habenular (Hb) processes negative emotions that may drive compulsive food-intake. Its functional changes were reported following laparoscopic-sleeve-gastrectomy (LSG). However, structural connectivity (SC) of Hb-homeostatic/hedonic circuits after LSG remains unclear. We selected regions implicated in homeostatic/hedonic regulation that have anatomical connections with Hb as regions-of-interest (ROIs), and used diffusion-tensor-imaging with probabilistic tractography to calculate SC between Hb and these ROIs in 30 obese participants before LSG (PreLSG) and at 12-month post-LSG (PostLSG12) and 30 normal-weight controls. Three-factor-eating-questionnaire (TFEQ) and Dutch-eating-behavior-questionnaire (DEBQ) were used to assess eating behaviors. LSG significantly decreased weight, negative emotion, and improved self-reported eating behavior. LSG increased SC between the Hb and homeostatic/hedonic regions including hypothalamus (Hy), bilateral superior frontal gyri (SFG), left amygdala (AMY), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). TFEQ-hunger negatively correlated with SC of Hb-Hy at PostLSG12; and increased SC of Hb-Hy correlated with reduced depression and DEBQ-external eating. TFEQ-disinhibition negatively correlated with SC of Hb-bilateral SFG at PreLSG. Increased SC of Hb-left AMY correlated with reduced DEBQ-emotional eating. Higher percentage of total weight-loss negatively correlated with SC of Hb-left OFC at PreLSG. Enhanced SC of Hb-homeostatic/hedonic regulatory regions post-LSG may contribute to its beneficial effects in improving eating behaviors including negative emotional eating, and long-term weight-loss.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Omicron Transmission Mitigation Strategies for European Universities Using an Agent-Based Network Model
Authors: Lasser Jana , Hell Timotheus , Garcia David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Returning universities to full on-campus operations while the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is ongoing has been a controversial discussion in many countries. The risk of large outbreaks in dense course settings is contrasted by the benefits of in-person teaching. Transmission risk depends on a range of parameters, such as vaccination coverage and efficacy, number of contacts, and adoption of nonpharmaceutical intervention measures. Owing to the generalized academic freedom in Europe, many universities are asked to autonomously decide on and implement intervention measures and regulate on-campus operations. In the context of rapidly changing vaccination coverage and parameters of the virus, universities often lack sufficient scientific insight on which to base these decisions.

Methods
To address this problem, we analyzed a calibrated, data-driven agent-based simulation of transmission dynamics among 13 284 students and 1482 faculty members in a medium-sized European university. Wed use a colocation network reconstructed from student enrollment data and calibrate transmission risk based on outbreak size distributions in education institutions. We focused on actionable interventions that are part of the already existing decision process of universities to provide guidance for concrete policy decisions.

Results
Here we show that, with the Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, even a reduction to 25% occupancy and universal mask mandates are not enough to prevent large outbreaks, given the vaccination coverage of about 85% reported for students in Austria.

Conclusions
Our results show that controlling the spread of the virus with available vaccines in combination with nonpharmaceutical intervention measures is not feasible in the university setting if presence of students and faculty on campus is required.
Comprehensive investigation of lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces: predictive value of morphology
Authors: Ma Zelin , Wang Shengping , Zhu Hui , Li Yuan , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We comprehensively investigated the morphology patterns of lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces. Our goal was to determine the predictive value of imaging features in a clinical environment.

METHODS
We collected information about patients with resected lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces from January 2010 to December 2019. Radiological features, clinicopathological characteristics, gene mutations and survival data were analysed comprehensively.

RESULTS
A total of 384 resected lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces were identified and categorized as 4 types: I, thin-wall type (n = 31, 8.1%); II, thick-wall type (n = 113, 29.4%); III, cystic airspace with a nodule type (n = 162, 42.1%) and IV, mixed type (n = 78, 20.3%). There were 27 (7.0%) adenocarcinomas in situ/minimally invasive adenocarcinomas; 237 (61.7%) lung adenocarcinomas; 115 (29.9%) squamous cell carcinomas; and 5 (1.3%) other tumours. The epidermal growth factor receptor mutation rate for type III was the highest (68.4%, P = 0.004). Pre-/minimally invasive adenocarcinomas were commonly featured as thin, pure ground-glass wall-surrounded cystic airspaces with smooth inner surfaces and margins. For patients with lung adenocarcinomas associated with cystic airspaces, type III (odds ratio 2.10; 95% confidence interval 0.55–8.06; P = 0.028) was an independent factor associated with a worse differentiation level. Type I was associated with excellent survival and type II, with the worst prognosis (P &lt; 0.001). Type II (hazard ratio 2.29; 95% confidence interval 1.30–4.04; P = 0.004) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Morphological patterns could be predictors for gene mutations, invasive status, pathological differentiation and postoperative prognosis for lung adenocarcinomas associated with cystic airspaces.
Enchanting Wanderers, Inspiring Vagrants: Vagrancy in Nikolai Leskov’s The Enchanted Wanderer and Other Works
Authors: Seliazniova Olga 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nikolai Leskov’s novel The Enchanted Wanderer (1873) is one of the most popular texts written by the Russian author. The main character of the novel, Ivan Fliagin, is generally considered to be a true Russian type, a true national hero, a superman, and a religious pilgrim. Without scrutinizing Fliagin’s legal and social status any further, scholars have largely relied on the title of the novel and have perceived the character to be a religious wanderer. The main goal of the present article is to prove that Fliagin’s real status is that of a vagrant and to illustrate how this detail complicates the interpretations of Leskov’s novel. Additionally, this essay will show how Leskov’s treatment of vagrancy evolved between 1870s and 1890s.
International Crisis Termination and Presidential Approval
Authors: Chávez Kerry , Wright James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research has extensively analyzed the existence and extent of rally effects following crisis initiation with respect to United States public opinion and presidential approval. Relatively less known is how crisis termination affects presidential approval. The theory presented in this article suggests that crisis terminations are prime for rally effects. They are salient, demonstrate competence, and thus activate a significant boost of executive approval akin to rally effects at crisis onset. Insofar as executives might use them as diversionary tools, crisis terminations overcome the strategic conflict avoidance argument and require less cynical assumptions about leaders’ self-interest than the conventional domain of diversionary theory, crisis initiations. We test the claim that crisis terminations have significant ‘‘halo effects’’ using monthly US presidential approval data during forty-eight international crises between 1953 and 2016. Results demonstrate that crisis termination has consistently positive effects on presidential approval. In addition, these surges are conditioned by the degree and disposition of public attention. The findings indicate that US public opinion is quite sensitive to the whole trajectory of an international crisis.
Adaptive Protection of Human Rights: Stealth Institutionalisation of Scrutiny Functions in ASEAN’s Limited Regime
Authors: Tan Hsien-Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Established as a limited regime that mainly carries out promotional activities of public education and roadshows on human rights, strengthening the ASEAN human rights system seems impossible when member states remain sovereignty-centric and thus wary of instituting protective mechanisms of scrutiny such as data transparency, reporting, monitoring, and complaints portals. This challenging outlook is compounded by human rights taking a backseat to economic development in the ASEAN Community’s agenda. However, tracking the rarely examined ASEAN human rights reports reveals that a counter-phenomenon quietly arising. This article presents Adaptive Protection as a process where ASEAN human rights officials, by building upon member states’ growing familiarity with the ‘intrusive’ oversight of the UN human rights system, have stealthily adapted (albeit loosely) similar functions of protective scrutiny—namely, data transparency, reporting, monitoring, and hearing complaints—into their limited mandates. Surprisingly, this process has not encountered pushback but instead has garnered grudging acquiescence by ASEAN states.
Cerebral protection in aortic arch surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abjigitova Djamila , Veen Kevin M , van Tussenbroek Gabriëlle , Mokhles Mostafa M , Bekkers Jos A , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Bogers Ad J J C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Consensus regarding optimal cerebral protection strategy in aortic arch surgery is lacking. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess outcome differences between unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), bilateral ACP, retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). A systematic literature search was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar for all papers published till February 2021 reporting on early clinical outcome after aortic arch surgery utilizing either unilateral, bilateral ACP, RCP or DHCA. The primary outcome was operative mortality. Other key secondary endpoints were occurrence of postoperative disabling stroke, paraplegia, renal and respiratory failure. Pooled outcome risks were estimated using random-effects models. A total of 222 studies were included with a total of 43 720 patients. Pooled postoperative mortality in unilateral ACP group was 6.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3–8.1%], 9.1% (95% CI 7.9–10.4%), 7.8% (95% CI 5.6–10.7%), 9.2% (95% CI 6.7–12.7%) in bilateral ACP, RCP and DHCA groups, respectively. The incidence of postoperative disabling stroke was 4.8% (95% CI 3.8–6.1%) in the unilateral ACP group, 7.3% (95% CI 6.2–8.5%) in bilateral ACP, 6.4% (95% CI 4.4–9.1%) in RCP and 6.3% (95% CI 4.4–9.1%) in DHCA subgroups. The present meta-analysis summarizes the clinical outcomes of different cerebral protection techniques that have been used in clinical practice over the last decades. These outcomes may be used in advanced microsimulation model. These findings need to be placed in the context of the underlying aortic disease, the extent of the aortic disease and other comorbidities.
Prospero registration number: CRD42021246372
METC: MEC-2019-0825
Clearance of Hepatitis B e Antigen in Untreated Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohareb Amir M , Liu Anne F , Kim Arthur Y , Coffie Patrick A , Kouamé Menan Gérard , Freedberg Kenneth A , Boyd Anders , Hyle Emily P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
In people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, persistence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is associated with clinical progression and need for treatment. HBeAg loss represents partial immune control and is a critical event in the natural history of chronic HBV.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies that report HBeAg loss among people with untreated chronic HBV. We evaluated HBeAg loss using a random-effects model and conducted subanalysis on region.

Results
We screened 10 560 publications, performed 196 full-text analyses, and included 26 studies for meta-analysis. The pooled rate of HBeAg loss was 6.46/100 person-years (PYs) (95% confidence interval, 5.17–8.08). Meta-regression showed that older age of participants and studies in Europe were associated with higher rate of HBeAg loss. Rates per 100 PYs were 7.43 (95% confidence interval, 6.30–8.75; 1 study) in Africa, 3.24 (2.61­–4.02; 1 study) in the Eastern Mediterranean, 13.67 (11.21–16.66; 4 studies) in Europe, 7.34 (4.61­–11.70; 5 studies) in North America, and 5.53 (4.05­–7.55; 15 studies) in the Western Pacific.

Conclusions
Spontaneous HBeAg loss occurs at a rate of 6.46/100 PYs. Variations by region and age group may reflect epidemiological, immunological, or HBV genotype-related differences.
Genome-Wide Identification of M14 Family Metal Carboxypeptidases inAntheraea pernyi(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Zhang Xian , Zhao Ping , Li Shanshan , Ma Sanyuan , Du Jie , Liang Shimei , Yang Xinfeng , Yao Lunguang , Duan Jianping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe M14 family metal carboxypeptidase genes play an important role in digestion and pathogenic infections in the gut of insects. However, the roles of these genes in Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1855) remain to be analyzed. In the present study, we cloned a highly expressed M14 metal carboxypeptidase gene (ApMCP1) found in the gut and discovered that it contained a 1,194 bp open reading frame encoding a 397-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 45 kDa. Furthermore, 14 members of the M14 family metal carboxypeptidases (ApMCP1–ApMCP14) were identified in the A. pernyi genome, with typical Zn_pept domains and two Zn-anchoring motifs, and were further classified into M14A, M14B, and M14D subfamilies. Expression analysis indicated that ApMCP1 and ApMCP9 were mainly expressed in the gut. Additionally, we observed that ApMCP1 and ApMCP9 displayed opposite expression patterns after starvation, highlighting their functional divergence during digestion. Following natural infection with baculovirus NPV, their expression was significantly upregulated in the gut of A. pernyi. Our results suggest that the M14 family metal carboxypeptidase genes are conservatively digestive enzymes and evolutionarily involved in exogenous pathogenic infections.
Long-term creep and microscopic deformation mechanisms of sandstone using rock rheology creep equipment and scanning through high-resolution 3D XRM
Authors: Bacha Sher , Huang Bingxiang , Li Haoze 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since rock is heterogeneous, hence its behavior is always variable. The governing parameters in rock deformations are time, applied load, composition, water content, temperature and loading conditions including confinement and loading rate. Time-dependent deformation study is extremely important for the prevention of hazards such as rockburst, roof fall and collapse. In the current study, sandstone samples from Kouzidong Mine China are analyzed using long-term rheological creep tests and advanced microscopic scanning using 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM). Time is the main governing factor in rock rheological creep study. The current study focuses on the microscopic deformation of selected rock using rheological creep and microscopic analysis. Rock behaves differently under different applied loads; therefore, two different loads are applied on two sandstone samples. Two samples are scanned before and after rheological creep testing. The uniaxial constant load applied on the first sample is 40% of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock (σ1 = 40%σc) for one month. The behavior of the first sample shows an instantaneous creep and stable creep. The maximum uniaxial strain is 0.0307. The scanning results show evidence of microfractures in sandstone sample 1 at a lower load. There is evidence of grain movement and boundary alteration. The grain movement depends on the bonding between different grains. The second sample is loaded at 50% of the uniaxial compressive strength (σ1 = 50%σc). The maximum uniaxial strain for sample 2 is 0.0408. Creep behavior is the same and the microscopic deformation is enhanced with increasing applied load.
Full-time domain matching pursuit and empirical mode decomposition based sparse fixed-point seismic inversion
Authors: Pei Song , Yin Xingyao , Li Kun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sparse seismic inversion is wildly utilized for reservoir prediction and resolution improvement. Matching pursuit (MP) is an effective algorithm for solving L0-norm and obtaining sparse inversion results. Sparse seismic inversion based on MP (MPSI) can estimate the sparse parameters of subsurface from observations by controlling the iterations and threshold. However, the low convergence and stability limit the application of MPSI. To accelerate the convergence of MP, the full-time domain matching pursuit (FTMP) algorithm is first proposed. The seismic inversion based on FTMP can realize the multi-point inversion simultaneously instead of searching the inversion results one by one, which is the process of MPSI. Also, the prior model constraint is then involved in the objective function to improve the stability and the layer-boundary fidelity of the inversion results. Furthermore, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is introduced into inversion framework to recover the features of the seismic signal from the noisy seismic signal. The fixed-point (FP) algorithm is adopted to solve the objective function in this study. The optimal inversion results can be estimated after finite iterations by the FP algorithm. Combining the FTMP sparse seismic inversion framework, prior model constraint, EMD and FP algorithms, a complete sparse seismic inversion method named the full-time domain matching pursuit-based sparse fixed-point seismic inversion is ultimately proposed. The synthetic and field examples are utilized to demonstrate the stability and practicality of this approach. Compared with MPSI, the inversion results of the proposed method have higher resolution and fidelity of the layer-boundary.
The Nuremberg Trials Public Communications Apparatus
Authors: Gordon Gregory S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
If the Nuremberg Trials represent the birth of international criminal law (ICL), then the public relations efforts of their personnel represent the birth of ‘communication in international criminal justice’. This aspect of the Allied post-World War II prosecutions of Nazi war criminals has been hitherto underexplored in the literature. This article fills the gap by examining the origins and development of American efforts to give an account of the Nuremberg Trials while they were unfolding and in their immediate aftermath. It begins with the public relations (PR) efforts of Robert Jackson, Chief Prosecutor for the initial International Military Tribunal (IMT) trial of the major Nazi war criminals, and his PR ‘right hand man’, Gordon Dean. Jackson and Dean took a multi-prong approach to messaging about the IMT, seeking to educate their Allied partners about the strategic advantages of a due-process-oriented proceeding, while persuading the American political establishment about the nascent Cold War-positioning advantages of such a justice strategy, as well as disabusing the global citizenry of the ‘victors’ justice’ narrative in favour of a ‘global rule of law’ mythology. Once the IMT trial was concluded, and confrontational US-Soviet bipolar reality became entrenched, American personnel for the subsequent Nuremberg Military Tribunal (NMT) trials took a different tact. In terms of outreach efforts, PR now focused on German attitudes toward prosecution efforts: NMT staff used appeals to justice in a heroic effort to keep resources flowing and the trial timelines open-ended. Bureaucratically, the PR apparatus eventually flowed to the creation of a ‘Special Projects Branch’, which sought to present the public with key excerpts from the NMT trials and provide various German prosecutors’ offices with transcripts and evidence for potential future trials. From its inception, therefore, ICL’s embryonic PR-sphere served as a battleground for competing concerns of transnational justice versus global realpolitik. Between those diametrically opposed policy poles, it carved out a space for education efforts vis-à-vis the local population, preservation of the historical record, and creation of a nascent bureaucratic structure for PR efforts. These modest achievements would lay the groundwork for the modern development of the field of communication in international criminal justice.