bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
W. E. B. Du Bois and Pan-Africanism
Authors: Magubane Zine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how, over the course of his lifetime, Du Bois conceptualized the relationship between people born and raised in Africa and people of African descent born and raised in the diaspora. The chapter traces the evolution of his thought from a concern with earning a place for people of African descent among the community of “civilized men” to a radical rejection of capitalism and elitism. Ultimately, it argues that as Du Bois developed stronger links with worker-led, anticolonialist, and socialist thinkers based in Africa he reassessed his views on the nature of “race” as a category of analysis and practice.
Disclosing the Problem of Empire in Du Bois’s International Thought
Authors: Getachew Adom , Pitts Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Du Bois’s understanding of the modern world order as founded on the linked phenomena of racial hierarchy, imperial domination, and capitalist exploitation constituted a radical challenge to the dominant conception of an international community of free and equal sovereign nations. He maintained that the rise of democracy in Europe and America had been parasitic on imperialism, with domestic structures, and politics, inextricable from their global context. Anticipating later theories of neocolonialism, he argued that racialized, formerly colonized states were not independent sovereigns responsible for their own fates but instead were subjected to novel forms of quasi-imperial economic and political domination. And, while warily engaging with the League of Nations and the United Nations as vehicles of reform, he pursued alternative internationalisms that endowed nonstate actors with voice and representation. He sought, in short, to overturn the democratic despotism of the prevailing order, replacing it with a truly universal “world democracy.”
W. E. B. Du Bois and the Origins of Visual Sociology
Authors: Rusert Britt 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In 1900, W. E. B. Du Bois and his students at Atlanta University prepared a revolutionary exhibition of data visualizations for the Paris Exposition. Building from foundational scholarship that has illuminated Du Bois’s relationship to visual culture, this essay seeks to specifically situate Du Bois at the beginnings of what scholars now call visual sociology, the use of images as forms of data for sociological analysis, as well as the study of visual objects from a sociological perspective. Expanding our definition and periodization of visual sociology to include archives like the Du Bois infographics not only brings important prehistories into view but also places Black subjects—and Black epistemologies—at the very origins of the field. The infographics also illuminate important forms of exchange and influence between Du Bois and feminist geographers of the American settlement movement at the turn of the century. More broadly, the essay seeks to trace a genealogy of Du Boisian influence on Black visual culture from the turn of the twentieth century to the present day.
Protestant Spaces in North America
Authors: Bains David R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
North American Protestants have employed a variety of religious spaces. Buildings designed for worship are the most distinctive, but they have also appropriated homes, schools, businesses, cities, suburbs, camps, parks, museums, theme parks, and wildernesses. The many roles of space in orienting Protestants to God and God’s kingdom can be understood by considering how space functions in four fundamental activities: encountering God, enacting Christian community, forming Christians, and redeeming the world. Understanding Protestants’ spatial practices thus entails examining, not only church architecture, but also how other spaces are incorporated into Protestant ritual. With their focus on faith and scripture, Protestants have often been resistant to locative approaches that identify certain places as sacred, preferring instead utopian approaches that affirm God is not bound to space but can be accessed in most places. They have sought to unite the religious and secular by investing all spaces with religious meaning.
Planetary Identities
Authors: Bauman Whitney A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Identity and place co-construct each other. If we think of places in terms of national boundaries, our identities become more nationalistic. If we think of our identities as primarily national or religious, or even as human, we construct places based on those ideas. The history of colonialism is rife with ways in which bodies get ordered based on gendered and raced notions of religion and nation. Globalization and climate change have removed the thin veneer of stability around places and identities to reveal that in fact our identities are always and already mixed up with those of “others,” historically and in the present, and that our places are always intersected by global flows of energy, materials, and information. There is no isolation, and there are no discreet identities or places. This chapter explores what this shift in thinking might mean for the development of planetary identities where we are all hybrids, and human beings are just one type of creature among many others within a planetary community.
Decommissioning and Reuse of Liturgical Architectures
Authors: Longhi Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The matter of the decommissioning and transformation of underused Christian places of worship is not a recent or contingent issue but, rather, a constitutive historical element of Christian architecture. This chapter highlights certain theoretical issues discussed in the actual architectural research and offers reflections on the phenomenon of the decommissioning and reuse of churches in Europe, mainly from the Catholic point of view. The disciplinary perspective is that of architectural history, a field of investigation that has always dealt with transformations and the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage in relation to social and political dynamics. The study of current transformations, and the design of future ones, can only be founded on research about interpretation of the historic processes and social and ecclesial tensions that are indelibly stratified within every place of worship.
Spaces of Roman Religion and Christianity in Late Antiquity
Authors: Chevallier Caseau Béatrice 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter deals with the way religions impacted space during late antiquity, whether urban space, the architectural space of religious buildings, or domestic space. The period is rich in cult places and spaces used for religious rituals that correspond to a variety of religions, cults, and magical practices. Although a great deal of the scholarship in this area has focused on the changes in the religious landscape that occurred during late antiquity, from the closing and destruction of temples to the building of new synagogues, churches, and, eventually, mosques, one should not overlook the importance of rituals in the home, family cults at the tombs, or gatherings of ritual associations.
Protestant Architecture in Latin America
Authors: Vidal Rojas Rodrigo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that to understand Latin American Protestant architecture, which is diverse and complex, one must understand the changes and perceptions of the economic, social, cultural, and religious contexts in which it was born and has developed. It traces chronologically the ways in which this architecture has been tied to Protestant communities’ understanding of changing social, political, and economic contests throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, drawing on a theoretical understanding of architecture as functioning semiotically to signify specific meanings related to cultural contexts and, in a resignification process occurring over time, to resignify new meanings as those contexts change.
Diasporic Sacred Spaces
Authors: Xavier Merin Shobhana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter centers on the shrine (mazar) of M. R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (d. 1986) located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania. Gleaning theoretically from David Chidester and Edward T. Linenthal’s framing of sacred space in America as political, cultural, and entangled, it draws attention to the contested rituals and practices at the shrine of Bawa Muhaiyaddeen as a form of boundary-making among its polyvalent users and shrine keepers, which include diverse American Sufi members of the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship and newly arriving Muslim diasporic pilgrims. The aim of the analysis is to invite scholars and students of religions to consider the ways in which an examination of a Sufi space in America can provide productive insights into claims of legitimate Sufi praxis among American and immigrant Sufis through the enactment of ritual practices and boundary-making at a sacred space. It showcases how a focused exploration of this particular Sufi shrine in Pennsylvania reveals the deep roots of Sufism and Islam in the broader spatial milieu of American religions and spirituality, one that calls for a more intentional and robust inclusion of non-Protestant White Christian religious traditions and voices in the narratives of American religions.
Situating the Dead
Authors: Maddrell Avril , Mathijssen Brenda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the coproduction of space and religion through analysis of the material, symbolic, and relational characteristics of graves and cemeteries. Both space and religion are multifaceted: lived, relational, dynamic, performative, and processual. Cemeteries, deemed “sacred,” in formal or wider senses in many societies, embody mortal remains, provide a focal point for commemoration, symbolize continuing relationships with the deceased and any beliefs about the afterlife. Studying cemeteries through a spatial lens offers insights into contemporary lived religion and changes over time. Drawing on case studies, the chapter demonstrates the ways in which cemeteries offer significant insights into the situated spatialities and wider geographies of religions, beliefs, and rituals. Varied grave-iconography and texts, and the spatial organization of cemeteries reflect geographies of belonging, including migratory and diasporic networks and the varied ways in which different religions are lived, expressed, and contested in a particular locality and time.
Shared Space, or Mixed?
Authors: Hayden Robert M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Spaces attended by members of different religious communities are presented by some scholars as models of tolerance and understanding, but by others as inherently conflictual. This chapter argues that such sites should be analyzed as places of mixing rather than sharing because multiple case studies show that worshipers see each other as adhering to different religions and engage in different practices accordingly. Further, mixed sites that are peaceful at one historical moment may have had violent interactions before or might have them afterward. The chapter describes the practices of separateness at mixed sites and the sequential changes in those indicating that one community is dominant. The conclusion is that mixed sites may be both shared and contested, depending on when one looks at them.
Urbanism and Religious Space
Authors: Tremlett Paul-François 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces “urbanism” and its key theoretical inflections and emphases. The chapter explores the principal resonances of urbanism with the study of religions and the study of religious spaces particularly in relation to the secularization thesis, the emergence of new entrepreneurial religious formations, and the lived religions thesis. Charting the implication of urbanism in modern and postmodern epistemological frames, the chapter also explores the entanglement of competing theories of urban space and experience with questions of religious and social change, and how they might be mobilized to enable critical reflection about the role of religions in contemporary urban life.
Fundament and Abyss
Authors: Lê David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although contemporary public memorials and monuments are built by secular states, they function as religious spaces: they forge social memory and solidarity and offer orientation in time and space and through the dimensions of social value. The Holocaust Memorial in Berlin thematizes and purports to oppose these religious functions. Yet, as this chapter argues, the memorial concretizes a form of public religion that hinges on the normative authority of the individual, or “critical visitor,” in meaning-making, delegating to them interpretive labor. The memorial thus reproduces social memory and affects, precisely as it appears to abstain from dictating the norms of public religion. The “critical visitor” constructs the memorial’s meaning even as she or he is bound to its hierarchy of meanings. The memorial therefore provides a window into the dynamics of public religion and memorialization in pluralistic, secular democracies that produce unrecognized forms of religiosity, even as they conscientiously avoid the symbols of recognizable religions.
Conceptualizing Space and Place
Authors: Campo Juan E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the conceptual genealogies of religious space and place in the modern study of religion. It describes the spatial turn in the field inaugurated by Mircea Eliade and the Chicago History of Religions School, which provoked a revisionist trend, led by Jonathan Z. Smith. Although this turn relied upon the appropriation of ancient and indigenous constructions of spatial significance, its dialectical relationship between scholarly and native epistemologies of space countered earlier colonial discourses that displaced spatial ways of thought and action in favor of temporal ones. A parallel spatial turn in the social sciences and humanities led by Lefebvre, Harvey, Foucault and others—also a critical reaction to this displacement—emphasized modern and postmodern spacialities, but largely neglected religious ones. Nevertheless, it inspired the revitalization of the study of religious space by a new generation of scholars, leading to a second turn in the field of religious studies.
Mapping the Spiritual Baptist Universe
Authors: Thornton Brendan Jamal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers cosmography to be an especially productive but for the most part unexplored site of critical inquiry into Afro-Caribbean and Black Atlantic religiosity. Drawing on comprehensive ethnographic research with Spiritual Baptist Christians in Trinidad and Tobago, it calls attention to the dimensions of spatiality that orient Afro-Creole cosmologies and inform their ritual logics. By mapping the Spiritual Baptist universe and the sacred geography of Spirit that enlivens it, the chapter shows how complex theological concepts are reified by the faithful—how they take shape through practical substantiations—thereby highlighting the spatial dynamics underlying Spiritual Baptist epistemologies and the novel representational practices central to meaning-making in the church.
Whose Place Is It? Layers of Community and Meaning in the Land of Shinto and Power Spots
Authors: Carter Caleb 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Power spots are a contemporary phenomenon in Japan that identifies certain places with spiritual energies. The concept of power spots arose in global New Age movements before reaching Japan in the mid-1980s. Its near assimilation with Shinto in the twenty-first century has disrupted institutional views in Japan that the shrine is the exclusive site of Shinto—an idea only fully articulated in the modern era. These intersecting representations of sacred space reveal the fragility of a Shinto orthodoxy that seeks to delimit the symbolic parameters of the shrine. Representing an alternative definition, power spots exemplify how tensions emerge when a religious place is shared by multiple groups and vested interests operating on local, national, and global scales.
Queer and Trans Leadership in Music Therapy
Authors: Baldwin Gray , Forinash Michele 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Queer and trans music therapists have served as leaders in music therapy associations in the United States regionally and nationally for many decades, yet their experiences and stories have never been documented. They have played key roles in the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA), American Association of Music Therapy (AAMT), and National Association of Music Therapy (NAMT), assisting with the daily function of the organization, creation and maintenance of key documents, and advancing cultural responsiveness. This research details the experiences of 10 diverse queer and trans music therapists who have served in these associations. Findings included in the results were: (i) disclosure, (ii) experiences of bias, (iii) queer and trans leadership, (iv) the future of music therapy and the role of queer and trans leadership, and (v) newly recognised expertise.
Jewish Underground Culture in the Soviet Union
Authors: Smola Klavdia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the phenomenon of the Jewish underground art and literature within a broader social and communicative context of late Soviet unofficial culture. It traces back artifacts originating in the refuseniks’ movement to the everyday practices of that movement’s protagonists. Because Jewish unofficial artistic activities and circles often came about because of communication within the highly heterogeneous underground scene, they also absorbed various non-Jewish cultural traditions and diverse cultural influences. Their limited access to Jewish sources, as well as the high degree of Soviet Jews’ assimilation was responsible for the indirect and eclectic nature of this Jewish rediscovery of tradition. The chapter also discusses how the battle for the return to Israel led to the emergence of new topographical concepts in so-called exodus literature. The attractive utopia of Israel reflected ex negativo the eschatological temporality of the Soviet empire and its phantasms of paradise on earth.
The Jewish-Latin American Novel
Authors: Lockhart Darrell B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of the Jewish-Latin American novel, primarily throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Structured as a survey of the Jewish novel, the essay provides a history of the contribution of Jewish authors to the larger body of the narrative genre in Latin America. “Jewish novel” is loosely defined as texts not only written by Jewish authors, but also novels in which Jews, Jewishness, and Judaism are central to the theme. Novels are categorized thematically in groupings such as the novel of immigration and assimilation, the historical novel, novels of the Holocaust, the Sephardic novel, family narratives, the gay/lesbian/queer novel, and the auto/biographical novel. Countries represented in the essay include Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Mexico. The chapter provides an assessment of the important role Jewish novelists have played, not only in their respective national literatures, but also in the Latin American continent as a whole, as pertains to the narrative genre of the novel.
The Asian-Latin American Novel
Authors: López-Calvo Ignacio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increasing cultural production by Latin American and the Caribbean authors of Chinese and Japanese ancestry in recent decades reflects the emergence of two diasporic, minority discourses that are redefining national cultures by making them more transnational and by calling into question the white-indigenous and white-black dichotomies of the discourses of mestizaje and mulataje, respectively. These novels typically narrativize the transition from a sojourner, insular mentality to a progressive cultural integration into mainstream society, all the while celebrating cross-cultural hybridization and condemning anti-Asian racism. The chapter opens with a survey of the Japanese Brazilian novel (the largest production) and the Japanese Peruvian novel (the second largest), but also addresses a few novels published by Nikkei in Argentina and Chile. Moving on to the Chinese-Latin American novel, López-Calvo surveys the main novels by Chinese Peruvian and Chinese Panamanian authors (the latter do not typically address Chinese issues), as well as the oeuvre by the Chinese Costa Rican author Otto Apui Sirias (1949–).
The Testimonial Novel and Autofiction
Authors: Esparza Cecilia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Starting after the second half of the twentieth century, narrative forms known as “autobiographical writing” (Molloy 1991) or “writing of the I” (Giordano 2008) occupy a central position in Latin American literature. This chapter first studies the testimonial novel, which arises in the 1960s with the political intention of denouncing the violence and historical experiences of discrimination faced by traditional communities. In addition to studying the most influential of these texts, it analyzes the critical and theoretical discussion about this genre. The second part is dedicated to the study of autofiction, as a strategy or authorial figuration, beginning with those narratives that are close to the autobiographical novel and the literature of memory, and concluding with those characterized by metafictional play.
Jane Addams and Epistemic Agency in Contemporary Social Work
Authors: Muurinen Heidi , Kääriäinen Aino 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Addams’s views on knowledge and how they resonate with evidence-informed and theory-informed social work today. Addams and her colleagues adopted the pragmatist method in experimenting and observing the consequences. Besides experiential and sympathetic knowledge, they also applied multidisciplinary knowledge. The chapter illustrates through a social workers’ group intervention model how Addams’s perspectives on knowledge application have contemporary applicability in social work. In the three analyzed groups, the social workers consciously applied the pragmatist method. The participants experienced this supported them to make their interpretations more explicit or to find new ways to operate in clinical work. This can be described as strengthening their personal epistemic agency. At the same time, the shared discussions and active listening within the group enabled epistemic agency at a collective level. To achieve this, having the group as an organizational structure was significant. Epistemic agency is a metacognitive skill that is at the core of the pragmatist method and is a characteristic of a research-minded practitioner. For contemporary social work, Addams’s thoughts on the scientific mindset, the pragmatist attitude, and using multidisciplinary research could provide insights to obtain a wider understanding of evidence-informed and theory-informed social work as a process.