bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal probiotics supplementation improves immune and antioxidant function in suckling piglets via modifying gut microbiota
Authors: Ma Cui , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Tang Wu , Zhu Qian , Wang Wei , Gao Qiankun , Kong Xiangfeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
Probiotics could improve the health, growth, and development of host or their foetuses/offspring via regulating gut microbiota. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota and metabolites of sows and their suckling piglets, as well as plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative/anti-oxidative indexes, and inflammatory cytokine levels of suckling piglets.

Methods and Results
A total of 32 pregnant Bama mini-pigs were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The sows were fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet supplemented with probiotics (probiotics group) from mating to day 21 of lactation. Samples from sows were collected on day 105 of pregnancy and day 21 of lactation and from piglets on day 21 of lactation. The results showed that probiotics supplementation increased the faecal abundances of Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Anaeroplasma and decreased Tenericutes on day 105 of pregnancy while increased the abundances of Actinobacteria and Anaerostipes and decreased Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio on day 21 of lactation. In addition, probiotics supplementation decreased the faecal levels of tryptamine, putrescine, and cadaverine on day 105 of pregnancy and isovalerate and skatole on day 21 of lactation while increased butyrate level on day 21 of lactation. Further studies showed that maternal probiotics supplementation decreased the plasma levels of AMM, TC, LDL-C, Ala, Tau, MDA, H2O2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-α of suckling piglets. Moreover, maternal probiotics supplementation increased the abundances of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, and Fusobacterium while decreased Anaerostipes in piglet's colon. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a potential link between gut microbiota alterations and their metabolites.

Conclusions
Dietary probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and lactation periods could improve sow status, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation response, and improve nutrient metabolism of piglets by altering the gut microbiota.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The probiotics alter maternal and offspring's gut microbiota involving in offspring's physiological and metabolic changes, and present a new perspective that the effects of gut microbiota changes induced by probiotics supplementation will help in addressing the growth and development and health problem of their foetuses/offspring.
Characterization of microbial intolerances and ruminal dysbiosis towards different dietary carbohydrate sources using an in vitro model
Authors: Kheirandish Parisa , Petri Renee Maxine , Sener-Aydemir Arife , Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi Elisabeth , Berthiller Franz , Zebeli Qendrim , Pacífico Cátia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to characterize the critical points for determining the development of dysbiosis associated with feed intolerances and ruminal acidosis.

Methods and Results
A metabologenomics approach was used to characterize dynamic microbial and metabolomics shifts using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) by feeding native cornstarch (ST), chemically modified cornstarch (CMS), or sucrose (SU). SU and CMS elicited the most drastic changes as rapidly as 4 h after feeding. This was accompanied by a swift accumulation of d-lactate, and the decline of benzoic and malonic acid. A consistent increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus as well as a decrease in fibrolytic bacteria was observed for both CMS and ST after 24 h, indicating intolerances within the fibre degrading populations. However, an increase in Lactobacillus was already evident in SU after 8 h. An inverse relationship between Fibrobacter and Bifidobacterium was observed in ST. In fact, Fibrobacter was positively correlated with several short-chain fatty acids, while Lactobacillus was positively correlated with lactic acid, hexoses, hexose-phosphates, pentose phosphate pathway (PENTOSE-P-PWY), and heterolactic fermentation (P122-PWY).

Conclusions
The feeding of sucrose and modified starches, followed by native cornstarch, had a strong disruptive effect in the ruminal microbial community. Feed intolerances were shown to develop at different rates based on the availability of glucose for ruminal microorganisms.

Significance and Impact of the study
These results can be used to establish patterns of early dysbiosis (biomarkers) and develop strategies for preventing undesirable shifts in the ruminal microbial ecosystem.
Plant-associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches
Authors: Raghav Divyangi , Jyoti Anupam , Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Saxena Juhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic fungi contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfil their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence, it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Furthermore, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
Occupational fatigue, workload and nursing teamwork in hospital nurses
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Sagherian Knar , Scott Linda D. , Steege Linsey M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the relationships between workload, nursing teamwork and nurse fatigue and the moderating effect of nursing teamwork on the relationship between workload and fatigue.DesignThis cross‐sectional online survey study used data from 810 United States hospital nurses collected between March and April 2021.MethodsWorkload, nursing teamwork and fatigue were measured using the Quantitative Workload Inventory, the Nursing Teamwork Survey, and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery scale. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used.ResultsAll the nursing teamwork subscales (i.e. trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental model, team leadership) were significantly negatively related to acute and chronic fatigue. Nursing teamwork components of team orientation, shared mental model and team leadership moderated the relationship between workload and chronic fatigue. The relationships between workload and chronic fatigue were stronger when these components of nursing teamwork were high. No moderating effects were found with acute fatigue.ConclusionEfforts to increase nursing teamwork may be a promising strategy in managing nurse fatigue. It is equally important to monitor and modify high workload to protect nurses from elevated fatigue.ImpactWhat problem did the study address?

Fatigue is negatively associated with the health and safety of hospital nurses and patients.

Nursing teamwork has been shown to improve the nursing care of hospitalized patients; yet, it is rarely explored in relation to nurse fatigue.

What were the main findings?

Greater nursing teamwork is significantly associated with lower acute and chronic fatigue.

The relationships between workload and chronic fatigue were stronger when nursing teamwork (i.e. team orientation, shared mental model and team leadership) was high than when nursing teamwork was low.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

Improving nursing teamwork, in addition to monitoring and modifying workloads, can be a promising approach for managing fatigue in healthcare organizations.
Exploring crucial programme characteristics and group mechanisms of an empowerment programme for certified nursing assistants—A qualitative study
Authors: van Wieringen Marieke , Kee Karin , Gobbens Robbert J. J. , Nies Henk , Beersma Bianca , Groenewegen Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify crucial programme characteristics and group mechanisms of, and lessons learned from hindrances in an empowerment programme for certified nursing assistants and contribute to the development of similar programmes in other care settings.DesignExploratory qualitative study.MethodsBetween May 2017 and September 2020, we used in‐depth interviews and participant observations to study four groups participating in an empowerment programme for certified nursing assistants (N = 44).ResultsWe identified three crucial empowerment‐enhancing programme characteristics: (1) inviting participants to move outside their comfort zone of caregiving; (2) stimulating the use of untapped talents, competencies and interests; (3) supporting the rediscovery of participants' occupational role and worth. Crucial group mechanisms encompassed learning from and with each other, as well as mechanisms of self‐correction and self‐motivation. Hindrances included a perceived lack of direction, and a lack of organizational support and facilitation.ConclusionWe showed the significance of creating an inviting and stimulating environment in which participants can explore and function in ways they otherwise would not. Likewise, we identified how this can help participants learn from, critically correct and motivate one another.ImpactThe programme under study was uniquely aimed to empower certified nursing assistants. Our insights on crucial programme characteristics and group mechanisms may benefit those who develop empowerment programmes, but also policymakers and managers in supporting certified nursing assistants and other nursing professions in empowerment endeavours. Such empowerment may enhance employee retention and make occupational members more likely to address challenges affecting their occupational group and the long‐term care sector.
Exploring juvenile court outcomes as a function ofjudge‐youthcharacteristics and interactions
Authors: Knoche Victoria A. , Marsh Shawn C. , Skinner‐Ling Tahliah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined judge‐juvenile verbal interaction characteristics, demographics, and demographic match at adjudication and their associations with juveniles’ behavioral outcomes. Data were collected from audio recordings of hearings and case files from 86 delinquency cases adjudicated in an urban juvenile court in the Southwestern United States as part of a larger research project involving observable procedural justice. Results suggest that some juvenile, judge, and match characteristics had significant associations with both judge‐juvenile interactions (e.g., length of conversations) and juvenile case outcomes (e.g., fewer continuances). We detail these findings and offer considerations for court practice.
Effective communication with participants in court hearings: using polyvagal theory in the courtroom
Authors: Bailey Rebecca , Bailey Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe polyvagal theory introduces the premise that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an essential role in detecting threats and calming social engagement. In busy courtrooms, the subtle nuances of communication can be missed or overlooked. Messages of threat activate an autonomic state from calm to agitated beneath conscious awareness. When shifts occur, information can be misunderstood or misinterpreted, resulting in overly defensive responses from all parties. The polyvagal theory suggests a perspective that encourages self‐reflection and awareness to counterbalance the inevitable physical and mental stress of managing todays’ courtrooms.
Descriptive epidemiology of variants of infectious salmon anaemia virus in four Atlantic salmon farms in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Romero João F. , Gardner Ian A. , Hammell Larry , Groman David , Whelan Daryl , O’Brien Nicole , Hawkins Leighanne J. , Burnley Holly , Thakur Krishna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn incursion of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) was detected in 2020 in southern Newfoundland, Canada. This resulted in an outbreak affecting four marine farms stocking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated against ISAV. This study provides the first description of epidemiologic characteristics of an ISAV outbreak in 2020 and 2021, and detected ISAV variants at the population level. Fish kidneys were screened for ISAV by real‐time RT‐PCR and non‐negative samples were submitted for genotyping and further diagnostic testing. Nine distinct ISAV variants were identified: five European and three North American (NA) HPRΔ ISAV, and one NA‐HPR0 ISAV variant. A notable finding was the concurrent detection of both an HPR0 and an HPRΔ ISAV variant in one individual fish. In two farms, both European and NA variants were simultaneously detected, while in the other two farms either NA or European variants were identified, but not both together. Generally, mortality increases followed rises in ISAV prevalence and cycle threshold values on RT‐PCR decreased with time. Epidemiologic descriptions of ISAV outbreaks in Atlantic Canada contributes to the understanding of local disease dynamics and identification of changes thereof. Such insights are essential for the strengthening of disease management plans.
Temperature affects settlement success of ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and impacts the immune and stress response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Ugelvik Mathias Stølen , Mæhle Stig , Dalvin Sussie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effect of temperature on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stress and immune response to the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) was investigated. We found that infestation affected the expression of several immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin especially at the site of lice attachment compared to un‐infested control fish. Moreover, expression patterns in the skin of infested fish suggest that host immune responses towards salmon lice are impaired at low temperatures. However, reduced lice infestation success and survival at the lowest investigated temperatures suggest that cold water temperatures are more detrimental to the lice than their fish hosts. Finally, temperature affected the stress response of the fish and infected fish had a higher increase in cortisol levels in response to handling (a stressor) than un‐infested controls.
Over‐the‐counter hearing aids: What will it mean for older Americans?
Authors: Blustein Jan , Weinstein Barbara E. , Chodosh Joshua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn October 2021 the Food and Drug Administration released draft rules creating a new class of hearing aids to be sold over the counter. Since Medicare does not cover hearing aids, the ready availability of low‐cost aids is potentially good news for the millions of older Americans with hearing loss, a disorder that is associated with isolation, depression and poor health. However, better financial access to hearing aids will not necessarily translate into better hearing: many older people will need assistance in fitting, using and maintaining their aids. Policymakers, managers, and clinicians need to consider how to structure, fund and deliver these vital adjunctive services.
Opioid administration trends among long‐stay community living centers residents with dementia
Authors: Wang Huiying , Cai Shubing , Caprio Thomas , Goulet Joseph , Intrator Orna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain assessment and management of Veterans with Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) living in Community Living Centers (CLCs) is challenging. Safe and effective use of opioids in the treatment of pain is of great concern to patients and providers promulgating national policies and guidelines.MethodsThis study examined long‐stay CLC Veterans with ADRD identified in three regulatory periods (period 1: 10/2012–6/2013, n = 3347; period 2: 1/2014–11/2015, n = 4426; period 3: 1/2017–9/2018, n = 4444; Total N = 12,217).This population‐based observational study used CLC Minimum Data Set (MDS) data in Fiscal Years (FYs) 2013–2018 and VA bar‐code medication administration (BCMA) data. Opioid administration measures included: any opioids, long‐term opioids, high‐dose opioids, and co‐administration with benzodiazepine. Measures were modeled using negative binomial regression with length of stay in CLC as offset adjusting for Veteran predisposing, enabling and need measures from the MDS.ResultsCompared to period 1, any opioid administration was 26% lower in period 2, and 34% lower in period 3. Among Veterans who received any opioid medications over the three regulatory periods, high‐dose and long‐term opioid administration were more than 40% lower in periods 2 and 3 compared to period 1. Co‐administration of opioid with benzodiazepine versus no opioid was 11% lower in period 2 and 34% lower in period 3 after adjusting for patient level covariates.ConclusionsAll patterns of opioid administration decreased over the four opioid regulations periods when guidelines were promulgated across the VA health system. Further research should clarify whether decreasing opioids among patients with ADRD impacted health outcomes.
Sustainable changes in beauty market trends focused on the perspective of safety in the post‐coronavirus disease‐19 period
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn February 2020, WHO announced the outbreak of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) in a global epidemic, and the COVID‐19 vaccine has recently been developed and approved in many countries to release disease radio waves. Immediately distributed and used to control and control infections. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the world closed extensively in beauty and beauty services to control the spread of the virus.ObjectivesTherefore, this study for the first time that the perspective of safety in sustainable may be applied to the entire alteration of beauty industry market in the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic for literature review.MethodsA Narrative Review is proposed as a new report and commentary on the sustainable change of beauty market trends centered on safety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in December 2020. It was written with reference to keywords such as “Covid Beauty Market,” “Covid Sustainable,” “Covid clean beauty,” and “Safety beauty.” This study was performed by searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 383 papers were retrieved, of which 36 were successfully included in this study.ResultsAnalysis of customers and markets in the beauty industry since COVID‐19 was absolutely required at this time. Harmful and safe edible ingredients of clean beauty perspective should be compared and analyzed. In addition, importance of sustainability value from a clean beauty perspective should be considered.ConclusionThere is an era in which the perspective of safety in sustainable may be applied to the entire beauty industry today. In addition, depending on the customer's perception change, beyond the ingredients, raw material procurement of products, manufacturing process, product experiments, etc. are part of clean beauty to minimize carbon emissions, water use, recycle product containers, and reduce waste.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation as a resistance force in lingual exercise: A preliminary proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Takahashi Noriaki , Barikroo Ali , Crary Michael A. , Dungan Sarah , Carnaby Giselle D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited knowledge exists regarding whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES)‐based exercise can improve the lingual pressure generation.ObjectivesTo compare the effect of submental TES with two different pulse durations (PD) coupled with isometric lingual exercises on lingual pressure measures.MethodsTwenty‐eight healthy volunteers were divided into two submental TES groups: short PD (300 μs) and long PD (700 μs). The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used for lingual pressure measurements and exercise. In total, participants attended six exercise sessions 3 days per week for 2 consecutive weeks. Maximum and swallowing lingual pressures were measured 1 h following each exercise session and 3 days after the final session to assess any detraining effect. Data were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA.ResultsMean maximum lingual pressure change was significantly greater in TES with short PD versus the long PD condition following the first week of exercise. Following the 2‐week exercise, a significant increase was found in mean maximum lingual pressure for short and long PD conditions compared with the baseline. However, no significant difference was found between PD conditions for maximum lingual pressure. Likewise, no significant differences in swallowing lingual pressure were found compared with the baseline or across the two TES conditions.ConclusionAlthough short PD induced greater gain in maximum lingual pressure than the long PD after week 1, the enhanced effect faded after week 2, leading to a comparable increase in maximum lingual pressure for both groups. However, increased gain in maximum lingual pressure was not transferred to lingual pressure during swallowing.
Normal misconduct in the prescription opioid supply chain
Authors: Skilton Paul F. , Bernardes Ednilson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow and when do relationships between supply chain stages normalize misconduct? This question is especially relevant to oversupply, a form of normal misconduct peculiar to supply chains. Oversupply occurs when apparently ordinary production and distribution processes deliver products in excess of the safe needs of a market. Although past research sheds light on firm‐level processes of organizational misconduct, it has neglected the question of between‐stage influences on systemic phenomena like oversupply. We explore this question by analyzing the oversupply of prescription drugs that fueled the American opioid epidemic during the early decades of the 21st century. Manufacturers, distributors, pharmacies, and physicians have settled billions of dollars in claims related to opioid oversupply. These settlements overshadow the fact that many supply chain members made the strategic choice to not participate in oversupply. Focusing on the pharmacy stage of the supply chain, this study finds that participation in opioid oversupply is positively influenced by pressure from supplier pools and by the example of nearby competitors as well as by market characteristics. We test our model using a unique dataset that combines geographic, market, and public health data with prescription opioid transaction data from the United States Drug Enforcement Agency. The study breaks new ground by developing the oversupply construct to explain how pressures within supply chains shape misconduct. The oversupply concept is widely generalizable with the potential to inform a next generation of responsible supply chain research that addresses wicked problems like toxic production and consumption.