bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Liver Function and Haemorheological Parameters in Some Carpenters Exposed to Wood Dust in Port Harcourt
Authors: Briggs Ojoye N. , Christian Serekara G. , Elechi-Amadi Kemzi N. , Waribo Helen A. , Nkpurukwe Prudence N. , O. Inaboya Collins 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To evaluate liver function and haemorheological parameters in some carpenters exposed to wood dust in Port Harcourt.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in some parts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State in the southern part of Nigeria. The locations of the research included Sandfield mile 2 Diobu, Marine base, and Abuja by-pass Nkpolu-oroworukwo, Port Harcourt. Ethical approval and informed consent of the participants were obtained before commencement of the study. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) apparently healthy subjects aged between 20 t0 50 years were used for the study. Ninety (90) carpenters exposed to wood dust served as test subjects, while sixty (60) non- carpenters, non-wood workers not exposed to wood dust served as controls. Interviewer based sample questionnaire was administered to the subjects. Liver function parameters, Packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), and fibrinogen were analysed using standard laboratory techniques.
Results: The mean age of the test subjects (36.5 ± 9.9 years) was not significantly different (P > .05) from that of the controls (32.1 ± 5.8 years). There were no significant differences (P > .05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), PCV and Hb in the test subjects compared to the controls. ESR (19.60 ± 10.67mm/Hr) and fibrinogen (624 ± 60.88ng/mL) were significantly higher (P< .05) in the tests (carpenters) compared to ESR (8.41 ± 5.36mm/Hr) and fibrinogen (448.4 ± 67.91ng/mL) in the controls.
Conclusion: Wood dust exposure did not alter the liver function, PCV, and Hb levels of carpenters. However, with increases in ESR and fibrinogen in the carpenters, there may be a risk of inflammation to wood dust exposure in the carpenters, with negative consequences to the vasculature.
Estimation of Breath Holding Time (BHT) among Dental Students
Authors: Mohamed Aashiq , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi 
Published: January 2022

Background: Breath holding time is the time taken by an individual to hold his/her breath as long as they can. During voluntary breath holding, tissues continue to utilize oxygen and liberate carbon dioxide. Therefore, during breath holding arterial pO2 falls and pCO2 rises. Normal Breath holding time (BHT) is 45-55 seconds which is estimated at 2014. The main aim of this study is to assess the breath holding time among healthy dental students.
Materials and Methods: A minimal number of sample sizes have been taken into account with regards to their BMI. The sample size was divided into two groups as gender comparison. Students were detail explained about the procedure and breath holding time has been measured. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test in SPSS Software-23 and an independent t-test was calculated.
Results: BHT was found to be significantly low among females compared to males. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed when BHT is correlated with gender because BHT differs in both the gender.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that breath holding time is less in females compared to males. Therefore, males are healthier than females.
Birth Control: A Review of Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Modalities, Associated Pros and Cons, and Their Effectiveness
Authors: Fairag Maryam , ALGhamdi Malak , Baghlaf Abdulaziz , Alallah Bader , Alharbi Turki , Alwani Shakr , Alshareef Ahmed , Alharbi Raad , Alsaedi Omar , Almehmadi Abdulaziz , Alamri Norah , Aljumah Sarah , Almutairi Malak 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Family planning importance is increasing progressively and is regarded as an essential part in every couple’s life. Family planning has a lot of benefits for the whole family as it provides a better control over the period between each pregnancy leading to a better balance over the personal, financial, and societal life. There are multiple birth control methods, from which couples can choose from with the assistance of their physicians since each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, some contraceptive methods may be more suited for a certain couple or situation than another one. This review of current methods aims to shed the lights on the various contraception options along with their advantages and disadvantages to aid providers in taking care of their patients.
Methodology: A thorough search was carried out on PubMed using the most suitable keywords representing the aim of the present study. A total of 120 were found and based on whether they are suited to achieve the aim of the study, 28 were selected.
Discussion: There is a great variety of birth control methods, and each has its associated advantages and disadvantages. Barrier contraceptive methods, most common of which are male condoms, are extremely popular in Western countries. Combined hormonal contraception methods which are available in the form of pills, patches, and rings. Progestin only contraception either in the form of a pill, injection or an implant is the most commonly used type among breastfeeding women. Furthermore, intrauterine devices are another effective contraceptive method which may be copper-based or hormonal-based.
Conclusion: Contraception is an integral part of family planning, which can be achieved through a variety of methods. Each birth control method has its own pros and cons that should be explained to the couple clearly, so they can choose the method that is most suited for them.
Clinical Manifestation of COVID-19 in General Age Group: A Review
Authors: Prakash Shringarika 
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-COV-2 or novel coronavirus. It is extremely contagious and has capability to produce severe clinical outcomes.
Summary: Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is different for different age groups. The general trend is that the chance of contraction and severe clinical outcome after infection increases with increase in age. The vulnerable section which is going through their immunosuppressive state must be cautious as they need to be protected more than any age group of the population.
Conclusion: More study needs to be done to find out the vulnerable groups and nuances attached between COVID-19 and clinical manifestation in them.
Study of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of COVID-19 Patients in ICU and in Ward
Authors: Bankar Nandkishor , Bhadarge Gangaram L. , Bhatt Neha , Jha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Covid-19 is 65 nm to 125 nm in diameter and contains single-stranded RNA as nuclei content. Covid-19's global scale transmission, frequent occurrence, large number of deaths, infection and mortality among care providers, and multiplicative impact in vulnerable or sensitive groups are all major causes of concern. The clinical presentations of coronavirus disease are diverse, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to manifestations of respiratory collapse requiring mechanical ventilation and ICU support, as well as multi-organ and systemic symptoms such as sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS).
Aim: Comparison of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Covid-19 Patients in ICU and in Ward.
Materials and Methods: 25 patients were ICU and 25 patients were ward. Patients went directly to the Observed Treatment in the Dept. of Medicine and Dept. of Respiratory.
Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre.
Results: Serum urea and creatinine significantly raised in ICU patients as compare to ward patients while sodium, potassium and chloride were insignificantly increased in ICU patients.
Table 1 shows the D-dimer was also increased in ICU patients (3.45±2.76) as compare to the ward patients (1.49±2.13). D-Dimer is significantly increased in ICU patients (P=0.0071). As we can see in above table the level of Pro-BNP were highly significantly raised in ICU patients as compare to the ward patients (P = 0.0001). While level of Trop T insignificantly increased in ICU patients (P=0.8732).
Conclusion: Several indicators, such as elevated leukocyte and CRP, LDH, and deranged urea/creatinine, were identified to be most likely correlated factors with disease incidence and mortality in our study. So are lower bicarbonate levels. However, acute liver and kidney injury are more common in COVID-19 patients.
Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome in School Going Children During COVID Era
Authors: Sanghavi Shruti , Sanghavi Ankur , Saoji Chetan , Muley Sonal , Daigwane Sachin 
Published: January 2022

Background: Prolonged use of electronic devices poses a significant risk of Computer vision syndrome (CVS). Computer Vision syndrome is emerging as the next unexpected epidemic of the COVID era. Almost all children attending regular online schools are suffering from mild to severe Computer vision syndrome. Besides health problems, CVS also results in concentrate difficulties in studies and decrease a child’s performance. Awareness regarding CVS is increasing among folks of all ages since it has hit not just school going children but their parents as well who are pursuing work from home.
Materials and Methods: From March 2020 to March 2021, a multidisciplinary study was conducted to look at the increase in CVS and related factors among school-age children in School of Scholars, Nagpur taking online classes. The randomized controlled trial was used to select 600-school aged children between the ages of 8 and 17, and data was collected using a systematic questionnaire completed by the children's parents.
Results: CVS was found in 345 (57.5%) of the 600 children studied, which is very concerning. With proportions of 83.50 percent, 66.33 percent, and 62.17 percent, respectively, the most common reported signs of CVS were eyestrain, eye inflammation, and eye pain. CVS are linked to daily screen use and pre-existing eye disorder.
Conclusion: To deter CVS, it is critical to reduce screen time, improve parent and child understanding of safety precautions, and receive management support. To protect a child's overall well-being, we encourage policymakers and parents to restrict e-learning, since it will never be a suitable replacement for conventional classroom instruction.
How to Cope with Anxiety Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Doiphode Lavanya Vijay , Jain Pradip , Chakole Swarupa 
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on our daily lives. It has not only changed our daily routines and practices but also our behaviour to various situations. Social distancing which is necessary to break chain of spread of COVID-19 pandemic is creating a feeling of loneliness and anxiety moreover daily reports and statistics of deaths and people tested positive are creating a sense of fear in the population. A sense of discomfort and fear created due COVID-19 and the inability to cope with the situation is COVID anxiety. People already suffering from depression and anxiety may be more vulnerable to COVID anxiety. Vaccination which was the need of hour is available now but there are many myths and misconceptions related to vaccination in general population.
Conclusion: During these uncertain times people are facing all kinds of emotions including grief, fear, sadness, worry, anxiety and having a positive outlook and attitude is very important during these times we cannot succumb to the pressure we need to fight back and emerge stronger and set an example for the future generations.
Study of TNF-α, IL-6 and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Vidharbha Region
Authors: Kondhalkar Ankita , Barokar Rajan , Warjukar Prajakta , Jha Roshan Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Background: DM is a metabolic condition caused by deficiencies in insulin synthesis, insulin action, or both. It is characterised by chronic hyperglycemia and glycosuria, as well as abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Diabetes and its complications are believed to be caused by a variety of causes. Genetics, diet, sedentary lifestyle, perinatal causes, age, and obesity are among them. The relationship and interaction of various risk factors with disease severity is still unknown, so the aim of the proposed study was to determine the possible relationship between biochemical markers glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and immunological markers TNF- and IL-6, in order to suggest appropriate measures to reduce the country's diabetes burden.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 people were chosen for the study after visiting Shalinitai Meghe hospital in Nagpur for a health check-up. The three groups were contained in this area.
Results: Both biochemical and immunological parameters rose in managed diabetic patients and significantly increased in uncontrolled diabetic patients, according to the report, but values did not differ between groups 1.
Conclusion: Low-grade inflammation and inflammatory mediator upregulation have been suggested to play a role in T2DM etiology. TNF- and IL-6 have a positive connection with T2DM and insulin sensitivity, according to our data. These can be used as T2DM biomarkers in the early stages of the disease. To help doctors monitor and treat T2DM successfully, more research on a larger spectrum of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (mediators) in conjunction with other biochemical, immunoassay, and hematological markers is needed.
To Determine the Clinical Profile and Manifestations of Scrub Typhus among People
Authors: Bankar Nandkishor , Chandi Dhruba Hari , Patil Praful , Mahajan Gaurav 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In developing countries acute febrile illness (AFI) is the most common presenting complaint in emergency and outpatients department. Usually in the rainy season and post rainy season Outbreaks of AFI occur in India. Outbreaks like Dengue, Malaria, Typhoid, Scrub typhus and several viral infections have been classically responsible. Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria which cause Scrub typhus. Scrub typhus is the infection caused by the bite of infected chiggers. The clinical manifestation is characterised by the presence of fever, body pain, headache and rarely can cause rashes. Scrub typhus is mite borne rickettsiosis and is an endaemic infection in area unique to Asia, with an estimated one billion people. In recent years, many parts of India scrub typhus have rapidly remerged to become the major cause of AFI during monsoon seasons. In India, of the 29 states, 23 have reported the presence of scrub typhus.
Aim: The main aim of this study is to determine the clinical profile and manifestation of scrub typhus infection among people. Material and method: Total 72 patients with conform cases of scrub typhus fever were included in this study. The evaluation of fevers were undergone clinically initially serological test and Weil–Felix test followed by immunoglobulin M (IgM) scrub typhus and positive cases were included in this study. Consideration was taken of their clinical appearance and investigations.
Results: Total 72 positive cases were included in this study. Among the total IgM positive for scrub typhus were analyzed with their age and sex variation. From each and every patient different clinical manifestations and complications were analyzed and recorded. The common symptoms were fever; myalgia, breathlessness, rash, and abdominal pain were recorded as 100%, 66.7%, 8.3%, 13.9% and 36.1% respectively. Renal failure was the most common complications followed by pneumonia as 19.4% and 9.7% respectively. In laboratory findings high C-reacting protein and leukocytosis are also found in 81.9% and 33.3% respectively.
Conclusion: Scrub typhus is a widespread tropical infection and often occurs as pyrexia of unknown origin. However sometime it is under diagnosed due to low indication of suspicion and due to non-specific clinical manifestation and also in most of clinical settings due to lack of diagnostic procedures. If there was early diagnosed then treatment will be easy and cost effective due to good response of antibiotics.
To Assess the Level of Vit B12, Vit C and Homocysteine in Chronic Smokers in Central India
Authors: Hawale Dattu , Ambad Ranjit S. , Kalambe Minal 
Published: January 2022

Background: Smoking is related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Cigarette smoking has been related to higher levels of homocysteine in the blood. Both have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Smokers also have lower levels of vitamin B12, which affects homocysteine levels by serving as a cofactor or co substrate (folate) for the enzymes that regulate the metabolism of homocysteine.
Materials: This study was a case-control study, conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and medicine at DMMC & SMHRC, Nagpur in collaboration with ABVRH, Sawangi (Meghe). In the present study, the total number of subjects included was 200 having age Group between 30-60. The subjects were divided in two groups. Group 1: 100 subjects chronic smokers and Group 2: 100 subjects non- smokers.
Results: The homocysteine concentration significantly increased in group 1 ( chronic smokers) 18.50±8.40 as compared to group 02( non smokers ) 8.30±5.30 and p value p<0.005.vitamin B12 concentration significantly decreased in group 01 ( chronic smokers) 340.80±124.70 as compared to group 02 (non smokers) 485.45±175.68 and p value p<0.005. vitamin c concentration significantly decreased in group 1 (chronic smokers) 0.46±0.07 as compared to group 02 (non smokers) 1.12±0.15 and p value p<0.005.
Conclusion: On the basis of findings we concluded that the smoking increases Homocysteine levels and lowers the level of Vit B12 and Vit C leading to increase cardiovascular disease risk among chronic smokers.
Antimicrobial Activity of Fuller’s Earth, Turmeric, and Sandalwood against Streptococcus Mutans, Micrococci and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci -an In vitro Study
Authors: Dhanasekaran Lekha , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sandalwood powder (Santalum alba) is used if the skin is oily for removing dark spots on the skin. Sandalwood has an anti-tanning and anti-aging property. Turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) is mainly used to rejuvenate the skin. It helps to delay aging like wrinkles and also possesses other properties like antibacterial, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory, and many other properties. Multani mitti helps the skin in many different ways like the reduction of pore size pore sizes, removing blackheads and removing whiteheads fading freckles, soothing sunburns, cleansing skin, improving blood circulation, complexion, reducing acne and blemishes, and gives a glowing effect to your skin as they contain many-particles which can inhibit various organisms.
Materials and Methods: In this investigation, the antimicrobial viability of Turmeric, sandalwood and Multani Mutti was tested against Streptococcus mutans, Micrococci, and coagulase-negative staphylococcus. The microorganisms were filled in strong media, and culture containing stock suspensions was made and, in this way, standard strains of Streptococcus mutans, Micrococci, and Coagulase-negative staphylococci were obtained. Microorganisms were subcultured in fitting society media to affirm their virtue.
Results: The zone of inhibition of turmeric against Streptococcus mutans is about 11mm. The zone of inhibition of turmeric against Micrococci is about 9 mm. The zone of inhibition of turmeric against Coagulase-negative staphylococci is about 13mm. There was no zone of inhibition for both sandalwood and Multani mitti for Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus mutans, and Micrococci.
Conclusion: The study proves the turmeric has antimicrobial potential against Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus mutans,, and Micrococci with good prospects of development into antimicrobial face pack or face wash
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) in an Infant Due to Primary Carnitine Deficiency (PCD); A Rare Case
Authors: Gajbhiye Varsha , Patil Shubhangi , Gaikwad Sarika , Myadam Sushma 
Published: January 2022

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is known to have ventricular dilatation and dysfunction in myocardium. Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is a not common but a reversible autosomal recessive phenomenon with supplementation of carnitine. Case presentation- 11-month male child was brought with complain of fever, cough, cold since 7 days and increased work of breathing for 15 days. 2 D echo was done suggestive of dilated cardiomyopathy. His initial investigations; chest Xray revealed significant cardiomegaly electrocardiography, (ECG) showed prolonged QT interval fraction. Patient was treated with syrup carnitine syrup empirically, as there is no way to determine a fatty acid oxidation profile. Repeated 2D echocardiogram (2 D ECHO) was suggestive of recovery. Conclusions: Carnitine deficiency could be the cause of cardiomyopathy and so treatment of carnitine supplementation can be considered empirically to avoid life-threatening complication related to cardiomyopathy.
Impact of a Head Covering on Photo-Therapy Induced Hypo-calcaemia in Full-term Neonates with Hyper-bilirubinemia
Authors: Mulye Sachin , Meshram Revatdhama J. , Thakrani Krishnakumar 
Published: January 2022

Background: Hyper-bilirubinemia causes yellowish discoloration of the sclera and skin in newborns and is one of the most common disorders that neonatologists face daily. In the first week of life, 60 percent of term and 80 percent of preterm babies have jaundice. In neonates with unconjugated hyper-bilirubinemia, phototherapy is the most common treatment.
Objective: To compare the occurrence of hypocalcemia in full-term icteric neonates with and without head covering during phototherapy.
Materials and Methodology: Two hundred and eight full-term neonates were split into two groups for photo-therapy for hyper-bilirubinemia. The heads of the participants in the study group were covered with a hat. Before beginning photo-therapy, serum bilirubin and serum calcium levels were assessed, as well as after 48 hours of photo-therapy. SPSS software was used to tabulate and analyze the data.
Results: Ninety-four (45%) of the 208 neonates in the sample were males, while 114 (55%) were females. The average age was 5.56 +2.78 days, and the average weight was 3.04 +0.58 kilograms. Out of 208 neonates, 44 (21%) had hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia occurred in 28 neonates in the control group and 16 neonates in the study group. There was no symptomatic hypocalcemia in any of the newborns. The p-value for the Chi square test was 0.2. Since this value is greater than 0.05, it is not statistically important.
Conclusion: In comparison to neonates whose heads were not covered, fewer neonates with covered heads experienced hypocalcemia in our research. However, these findings were not statistically important. However, Research in other countries found that neonatal head cover at phototherapy had a substantial impact. As a result, we propose that a major multicenter study be performed in our country to determine the exact significance.