bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mystery of the Missing AIDS Crisis: A Comparative Reading of Caper in the Castro and Murder on Main Street
Authors: Ruberg Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the seeming absence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in video games from the 1980s and 1990s, the height of the US AIDS crisis. As Adrienne Shaw and Christopher Persaud have noted, stories about HIV/AIDS were pervasive across American popular media during this period, which also represented a boom in video game development. However, documentation remains of only a handful of early video games that mention HIV/AIDS. This article argues that, far from being absent from video game history, HIV/AIDS and the US AIDS crisis were actually influential in shaping a number of the design elements and narrative genres that have become important to contemporary video games. Scholars like Cait McKinney have demonstrated how people living with HIV/AIDS in America played a crucial part in the evolution of internet technologies that now form the backbone of video games. Through a comparative reading of two games by C. M. Ralph, Caper in the Castro (1989) and Murder on Main Street (1989), this article demonstrates how HIV/AIDS has also manifested in the content and form of video games, even (and perhaps especially) when it seems absent. Derritt Mason has explained how Caper in the Castro, widely celebrated as the first LGBTQ video game, contains clear echoes of the AIDS crisis. Yet, as this article demonstrates, HIV/AIDS remains a powerful presence even in Murder on Main Street, Ralph’s “straight version” of the game. Together, these games offer a microcosm through which to explore larger tensions between HIV/AIDS and video games, with the AIDS crisis representing a key element of what Cody Mejeur has termed the “present absence of queerness in video games.”
Characterization of Excited States in a Multiple-Resonance-Type Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecule Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Saigo Masaki , Shimoda Yuushi , Ehara Takumi , Ryu Tomohiro , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigated the correlation between the photophysical properties and detailed excited-state characteristics of a multiple-resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule, DABNA-1, using time-resolved infrared vibrational spectroscopy. By comparing the distinctive vibrational spectra in the fingerprint region (1000–1700 cm−1) to the simulated spectra, we found the optimal calculation conditions for density functional theory calculations to retrieve the vibrational spectra. Based on the calculations, the excited-state geometries and molecular orbitals in the lowest excited singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states, as well as the ground state (S0), were determined. Consequently, we revealed that the similarity between the potential surfaces of T1 and S0 suppressed non-radiative decay and improved the high fluorescence quantum yield via TADF. Furthermore, we calculated the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (SOCMEs) considering the experimentally confirmed geometries, and revealed that twisting of the main skeleton increases the SOCMEs.
Highly Selective Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by CO2 Hydrogenation over Fe-Zn Oxide + H-ZSM-5 Composite Catalyst
Authors: Fujiwara Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Composite catalysts consisting of Fe-Zn oxides and H-ZSM-5 were very effective for the selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons by CO2 hydrogenation. The ratios of aromatic hydrocarbons in all hydrocarbons were beyond 80 C-mol% using these catalysts. When the weight ratio of Fe-Zn oxide and H-ZSM-5 was optimized, the ratio of aromatic hydrocarbons reached more than 90 C-mol%. The Fe-Zn oxides acted as methanol synthesis catalyst in the composite catalyst, forming aromatic hydrocarbons by methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction over H-ZSM-5. Two aromatic hydrocarbons, p-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, were mainly obtained by the shape selectivity effect of H-ZSM-5. The composite catalyst deactivated by coke formation could be regenerated by air flow treatment.
Artificial intelligence study on left ventricular function among normal individuals, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy patients using 1.5T cardiac cine MR images obtained by SSFP sequence
Authors: Guo Jiajun , Lu HongFei , Chen Yinyin , Zeng Mengsu , Jin Hang 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based method to automatically quantify left ventricular (LV) function from MR images in different cardiomyopathy. Methods: This retrospective study included MRI data sets from 2013 to 2020. Data on left ventricular function from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and healthy participants were analyzed. MRI data from a total of 388 patients were measured manually and automatically.The performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) was evaluated based on the manual notes of two experienced observers: (a) LV segmentation accuracy, and (b) LV functional parameter accuracy. Bland-Altman analysis, Receiver operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the consistency between fully automatic and manual diagnosis of HCM and DCM. Results: The deep-learning CNN performed best in HCM in evaluating LV function and worst in DCM. Compared with manual analysis, four parameters of LV function in the HCM group showed high correlation (r at least >0.901), and the correlation of DCM in all parameters was weaker than that of HCM, especially EF (r2 = 0.776) and SV (r2 = 0.645). ROC curve analysis indicated that at the optimal cut-off value, EF from automatic segmentation identified DCM and HCM patients with sensitivity of 92.31 and 78.05%, specificity of 82.96 and 54.07%, respectively. Conclusion: Among different heart diseases, the analysis of cardiac function based on deep-learning CNN may have different performances, with DCM performing the worst and HCM the best and thus, special attention should be paid to DCM patients when assessing LV function through artificial intelligence method. LV function parameter obtained by artificial intelligence method may play an important role in the future AI diagnosis of HCM and DCM. Advances in knowledge: These data for the first time objectively evaluate the performance of a commercially available deep learning-based method in cardiac function evaluation of different cardiomyopathy and point out its advantages and disadvantages in different cardiomyopathy. This work did not attempt to design the algorithm itself, but rather applied an already existing method to a test dataset of clinical data and evaluated the results for a limited number of cardiomyopathy.
Application of deep learning image reconstruction in low-dose chest CT scan
Authors: Wang Huang , Li Lu-Lu , Shang Jin , Song Jian , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) is a new reconstruction method for maintaining image quality at reduced radiation dose. The purpose of this study was to compare image quality of reduced-dose DLIR images with the standard-dose adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V) images in chest CT. Methods: Our prospective study included 48 adult patients (30 women and 18 men, mean age ±SD, 49.8 ± 14.3 years) who underwent both the standard-dose CT (SDCT) and low-dose CT (LDCT) on a GE Revolution CT scanner. All patients gave written informed consent. All scans were reconstructed with ASIR-V40%. Additionally, LDCT scans were reconstructed with DLIR with high-setting (DLIR-H) and medium-setting (DLIR-M). Image noise and contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) of thoracic aorta with different reconstruction modes were measured and compared. Results: LDCT reduced radiation dose by 96% compared with SDCT (CTDIvol: 0.54mGy vs 12.46mGy). In LDCT, DLIR significantly reduced image noise compared with the state-of-the-art ASIR-V40% with DLIR-H provided the lowest image noise and highest image quality score. In addition, the image noise, CNR of aorta and overall image quality of the low-dose DLIR-H images did not have significant difference compared with the SDCT ASIR-V40% images (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: DLIR significantly reduces image noise in LDCT chest scans and provides similar image quality as the SDCT ASIR-V images at 4% of the radiation dose. Advances in knowledge: DLIR uses high-quality FBP data to train deep neural networks to learn how to distinguish between signal and noise, and effectively suppresses noise without affecting anatomical and pathological structures. It opens a new era of CT image reconstruction. DLIR significantly reduces image noise and improves image quality compared with ASIR-V40% under same radiation dose condition. DLIR-H achieves similar image quality at 4% radiation dose as ASIR-V40% at standard-dose level in non-contrast chest CT.
Predictive value of serum adiponectin and hemoglobin levels for vascular cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Li Zhouling , Zhu Manlian , Meng Cheng , Lin Hai , Huang Lifen 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To investigate the potential predictive value of serum adiponectin (APN) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels for the occurrence of vascular cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients.
Methods: Eighty ischemic stroke patients, admitted to our hospital between June 2019 and November 2020, were retrospectively divided into no cognitive impairment (NCI) group (n=43) and cognitive impairment (CI) group (n=37) based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale scoring at three months follow-up. ELISA was used to assess serum Hb and APN levels and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to evaluate correlation.
Results: Serum APN and Hb levels were lower in the vascular cognitive impairment group compared to non-impaired counterparts. Pearson correlation analysis showed that both APN and Hb levels were positively correlated with MoCA scores. Area under curve analysis indicated predictive value for serum APN and Hb for predicting cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients.
Conclusion: Serum APN and Hb levels in ischemic stroke patients have value for predicting vascular cognitive impairment and may be suitable for helping dictate treatment planning.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5204
How to cite this:Li Z, Zhu M, Meng C, Lin H, Huang L. Predictive value of serum adiponectin and hemoglobin levels for vascular cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):705-710. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5204
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Working Paper 4: An evaluation of national integrity systems from a human rights perspective
Authors: Koechlin Lucy 
Published: January 2022

In the past decade the prevention of corruption has been recognised as a prerequisite for sustainable and equitable development. Academics, policy-makers and activists working towards such governance reforms have come a long way in the relatively short period since corruption has been actively addressed both in the North and the South.
However, corruption remains a serious problem in many societies, sectors and international transactions, affecting the lives of millions of people who go about their daily business. Transparency International, an international non-governmental organisation against corruption, was one of the first and certainly the most influential NGO to break the spell and speak out against corruption worldwide. In order to support and inform its policy approaches, Transparency International framed an approach called the National Integrity System to better understand the interdependent causes of corruption and to address them more effectively.
Strikingly, however, this approach does not draw from or have any linkages with the rights-based approach to development, which has gained tremendous momentum in the same period. This is all the more noteworthy as both the causes and consequences of corruption have obvious linkages with human rights violations.
Given this disconnection between the two discourses, the following contribution is aimed at illuminating both approaches individually with regard to their merits in preventing corruption, and trying to define synergies and potential areas of dialogue and interaction.
It is structured in the following way: first, the rights-based approach to development will be outlined briefly; second, the concept of the National Integrity System will be elaborated, with particular emphasis on, thirdly, the NIS country reports, and fourthly conclusions will be drawn from the comparison of the two approaches.
Working Paper 16: Social accountability and its conceptual challenges
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia , Jacobs Eelco 
Published: January 2022

Social accountability has become a favoured approach among most major multilateral and bilateral donors to develop grass roots mechanisms for democratic governance. In a successful scenario, citizen participation can promote more responsive governments and better provision of basic services by linking users’ feedback to the policy design, implementation and monitoring activities typically undertaken by the state.
However, there is a lack of agreement about which specific types of social accountability interventions yield the best results and what are the causal pathways that are critical to generate positive changes. This paper presents an analytical framework that identifies the key components that are required to exercise effective direct accountability and provides a blueprint to assess social accountability initiatives.
This paper appeared in eucrim, the European Criminal Law Associations’ Forum, 2013/2, published by Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, c/o Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, Freiburg i. B., Germany.
Working Paper 17: The role of donors in the recovery of stolen assets
Authors: Fenner Gretta , Gomes Pereira Pedro , De Simone Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Financial crimes such as corruption, fraud, and embezzlement generate significant profits, often at the expense of the public budget. These proceeds of crime are usually hidden outside of the country where the crime was originally committed, and laundered through complex financial and commercial transactions, often spanning across numerous jurisdictions.
Asset recovery – the process of identifying, restraining, seizing, and repatriating these assets to the countries from whence they were originally stolen – is one of the greatest challenges for the global anti-corruption movement. Asset recovery is also an essential development challenge, as it usually involves repatriating funds back to a developing country where they were stolen, and where they could be used to support development projects.
As a bridge between aid recipient and donor countries, donor agencies are uniquely positioned to support asset recovery initiatives. Interesting examples are emerging of how donors can support asset recovery by:

supporting international standards and initiatives;
providing technical assistance and capacity building (most often through third parties);
encouraging policy coherence at home;
helping build political will; and
providing assistance during the asset repatriation phase.
Working Paper 27: Anti-corruption Collective Action
Authors: Aiolfi Gemma 
Published: January 2022

Anti-corruption Collective Action Initiatives (CAIs) are structured efforts that bring together private sector actors with other stakeholders with the aim of preventing corruption and improving the business environment in a particular context.
The landscape of CAIs is extremely diverse. Differences cut across the type and number of stakeholders involved. Initiatives can be sector-specific or cross-sectoral. They can be applied at the community, country, regional or global level.
This paper is based on two recent workshops in which a wide variety of international Collective Action practitioners shared their experiences, success factors and strategies for overcoming common challenges.
For more information about Collective Action, see the B20 Collective Action Hub.
Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes
Authors: Costa Jacopo 
Published: January 2022

This working paper is based on an empirical investigation of corruption and illicit exchange related to the so-called “Lava Jato” or “Odebrecht” scandal. Focusing on former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and his laundering of bribes obtained from the construction giant Odebrecht, the analysis aims to test the usefulness of applying a network lens to better understand the mechanisms underlying grand corruption cases. It also aims to further illuminate the nexus between corruption and money laundering and the role of hidden and offshore financial infrastructures in facilitating the illicit schemes.
The research used a combination of social network analysis and network ethnography techniques to explore the following questions:

How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption?
Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact and what is their division of labour?
How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations?

Answering these questions with empirical evidence related to a specific case makes it possible to better understand how the connection between corruption and money laundering using offshore financial infrastructure works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon.
Case Report: Large bone defect reconstruction in lower extremities with ipsilateral transposition fibular graft with combined inlay and onlay technique using plate and screw fixation (fibula pro tibia technique)
Authors: Pradana Ananto Satya , Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Mustamsir Edi , Wibawanto S Irasiqin , Siahaan Lasa Dhakka , Hidayat Mohamad , Dradjat Respati Suryanto 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Management of large bone defect is a challenging problem. Hahns, in 1884, introduced the first use of fibula pro tibia to bridge a large defect of the tibia due to chronic osteomyelitis. In this case, we did a transposition of the ipsilateral fibular with inlay and onlay technique using a locking plate and screw into the defect of the tibia. Case presentation: A 20-year-old male came to our emergency department at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia with an open fracture grade III B of his left lower leg. We found a large defect of the tibia approximately 7.5 cm after regular wound care for ten months. Then, we performed ipsilateral transposition fibular graft with combined inlay and onlay technique using a locking plate and screw fixation. No infections occurred and there was progressive callus formation with extending ossification along the periosteal tissue in the four-month postoperative evaluation. There was no leg length discrepancy, and the union sign showed that the patient could achieve full range of movement (ROM) and walk with crutches without pain with a Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) score of 62. Discussion: Contralateral fibula graft carries a high risk of endangering the unaffected limb. The ipsilateral fibula can be utilized to replace the missing segment with minimal morbidity. The purpose of combining ipsilateral fibular transport with the inlay and onlay technique is to minimalize the gap defect between fracture fragments, therefore enhancing the union rate of the bone. Conclusion: The fibula pro tibia technique can be used as an alternative treatment option for large gap bone defects in lower extremities with minimal complication.
Specyfika techniki i technologii bizantyńsko-ruskich fresków fundacji Jagiellonów
Authors: Mamoń Agata 
Published: January 2022

Malowidła bizantyńsko-ruskie fundacji Jagiellonów ze względu na technologię i technikę charakteryzują się znaczną odmiennością w porównaniu do zachowanych na terenie Polski średniowiecznych malowideł ściennych. Stanowią one jednolitą i odrębną grupę wśród monumentalnych malowideł tego okresu, między innymi ze względu na specyfikę wykonania, zaliczaną do tzw. fresku mokrego. Różnice te dotyczą zarówno rodzajów i sposobów stosowania materiałów, jak i samej budowy malowideł. Brak technicznego i technologicznego podobieństwa do monumentalnego malarstwa średniowiecznego jest uzasadniony pochodzeniem wschodnich arteli, których członkowie stosowali tradycyjne dla sztuki Kościoła Wschodniego przepisy techniczne i receptury nieznane na gruncie łacińskim. Najbardziej zauważalną różnicą jest rodzaj używanych zapraw zwykle czysto wapiennych, pozbawionych piasku, z dodatkiem wypełniaczy roślinnych w postaci roślin włóknodajnych, które nadają szczególne cechy tynkom. Innymi typowymi cechami są: warstwowy sposób budowania warstwy malarskiej, użycie podmalowań (tzw. rieft) zwłaszcza w tłach pod warstwy wykonane za pomocą azurytu i malachitu. Warto wspomnieć również o stosowaniu przez malarzy ruskich pewnego rodzaju synopii, rytów oraz typowych pigmentów. Wszystkie elementy budowy fresków bizantyńsko-ruskich mają istotny wpływ na ich zachowanie i problemy konserwacji.
Practice of self-care behaviours and associated factors among patients with heart failure
Authors: Sitotaw Enu , Tsige Yoseif , Boka Abdissa 
Published: January 2022

Background/Aims Lack of adherence to self-care behaviour is a major problem among people with heart failure, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to understand practices of self-care and its associated factors among patients with heart failure in southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March–July 2020 among 229 patients attending follow-up appointments in two public hospitals in Hawassa, Ethiopia. Data were collected through structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Epi-data (version 4.62) software and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 25) were used for analysis. Variables were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to adjust possible confounders. Results Only 34.1% of participants reported good self-care practice. The mean total knowledge score was 7.6 out of a maximum score of 14. Good self-care behaviour was more likely to be practiced by those aged 30–50 years, with good knowledge of heart failure and an advanced New York Heart Association functional classification of III or IV. Conclusions Knowledge of heart failure and practice of self-care behaviours is lacking among patients with heart failure. Interventions are needed to increase knowledge of heart failure, as this may help to increase the practice of self-care among this patient group.