bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between heterogeneous thermal stratification and wakes of wind turbine arrays
Authors: Nakao Keisuke , Hattori Yasuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe thermal heterogeneity between the land and sea might affect the wind patterns within wind farms (WF) located near seashores. This condition was modeled with a large‐eddy simulation of a numerical weather prediction model (Weather Research and Forecasting) that included the wind turbine actuator disk model (ADM). The assumed condition was that the downstream surface temperature was relatively higher (unstably stratified condition) than the neutrally stratified upstream wind. Under this condition, a thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) was developed from an area where a step‐changed surface temperature was implemented. The combined effect of the wake deficit due to the WF and velocity recovery as a result of enhanced mixing under unstable stratification showed significant modulation of the wind speed at the hub height when local atmospheric stability affected the wind turbine (WT). We show that TIBL height depends on the variables to be evaluated as the threshold. A precise prediction of the TIBL height is beneficial for better estimation of power generation. A prediction model was proposed as an extension of the internal boundary layer (IBL) model for neutral stratification, and the results tracked TIBL development reasonably well. The effects of WFs on surface properties (e.g., friction velocity, heat flux, and Obukhov length) and the tendency of IBL growth were minor. A single WT wake was also assessed under several TIBL developmental stages (i.e., location) and thermal stratification conditions. The standard deviation of the wake deficit increased vertically during the development stage of the TIBL. In contrast, the coefficients in the horizontal and vertical directions were comparable when the WT was deep inside the TIBL.
EEG and ERPs in the Study of Language and Social Knowledge
Authors: Proverbio Alice Mado 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvent-related potentials (ERPs) represent the ideal methodological approach for investigating the time course of language reading and comprehension processes. In this chapter, various ERP components reflecting orthographic, phonological, semantic, and syntactic processing of written and auditory language are examined. Furthermore, data are shown of how ERPs can reflect stereotypes, prejudices and world knowledge, including people’s social traits and attributes. In particular, several recent neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies are presented investigating the neural underpinnings of ethnic and sex biases (both in male and female individuals).
What Our Eyes Can Tell Us About Our Social and Affective Brain?
Authors: Laurence Paulo Guirro , Lukasova Katerina , Alves Marcus Vinicius C. , de Macedo Elizeu Coutinho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe eyes are windows to the soul. This phrase present in the common sense popularly expresses that it is possible to deeply understand people’s minds just by how their eyes behave. This assumption is not that far from reality. Analyzing the eyes of subjects, researchers have answered questions of how people think, remember, pay attention, recognize each other, and many other theoretical and empirical ones. Recently, with the advancement of research in social and affective neuroscience, researchers are starting to look at human interactions and how the individuals’ eyes can relate to their behaviors and cognitive functions in social contexts. To measure individuals’ gaze, a machinery specialized in recording eye movements and pupillary diameter changes is used: a device known as an eye tracker.
Mirror Neurons in Action: ERPs and Neuroimaging Evidence
Authors: Proverbio Alice Mado , Zani Alberto 
Published: November 2022

Abstract According to V.S. Ramachandran (inaugural ‘Decade of the Brain’ lecture at Society for Neuroscience meeting), ‘mirror neurons are to neuroscience what DNA was to biology’. Their discovery (by Rizzolatti’s group) led to the understanding of how hominids rapidly evolved through imitation and cultural transmission in the last 100,000 years. In this chapter, we will review the role of human mirror neuron system (MNS) in several mental and brain functions including: interacting with the environment, grasping objects, empathy and compassion for others, empathizing, emulation and emotional contagion, observing and imitating, learning sports, motor skills and dance, motor rule understanding, understanding the intentions of others, understanding gestures and body language, lip reading, recognizing actions by their sounds, learning to play a musical instrument. The chapter is enriched with a discussion of possible criticalities and caveats.
Die Anwendung freiheitseinschränkender Maßnahmen bei Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Ritzi Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel soll das Phänomen der Anwendung von FeM bei Menschen mit Demenz in professionellen Sorgebeziehungen abgebildet werden. Dabei bedarf es zunächst einer terminologischen Einordnung und Reflexion des Gegenstandes (Abschn. 2.1), die zudem Klarheit darüber schafft, welche Handlungen konkret gemeint sind, wenn in dieser Arbeit die Rede von FeM ist. Mit der Art und Weise, wie FeM als spezielle Form von Gewalt Anwendung finden, befasst sich der darauffolgende Abschnitt (Abschn. 2.2). Sodann wird auf die verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen von FeM eingegangen (Abschn. 2.3), um in einem weiteren Schritt die empirischen Daten zur Prävalenz von FeM abzubilden. Dabei erfolgt dies aufgrund der Sachlage getrennt nach mechanischen Formen von FeM (Abschn. 2.4) und pharmakologischen Interventionen, mit denen eine Ruhigstellung der Betroffenen einhergehen kann (Abschn. 2.5). Mit den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen (Abschn. 2.6) sollen ausgewählte verfassungs-, zivil- und strafrechtliche Aspekte der Thematik skizziert werden, um aufzuzeigen, in welchem juristischen Rahmen sich Einschränkungen in die Fortbewegungsfreiheit in Deutschland wesentlich ereignen. Dabei wird bereits die besondere Relevanz verschiedener Begründungsansätze für die Anwendung von FeM bei Menschen mit Demenz anklingen, welchen der darauffolgende Abschnitt (Abschn. 2.7) gewidmet ist. Solche Begründungen sind jedoch, wie sich zeigen wird, auch stets von verschiedenen tieferliegenden Einflussfaktoren geprägt (Abschn. 2.8). Nach der Darstellung derselben erfolgt sodann eine kritische Analyse der möglichen Folgen von FeM (Abschn. 2.9). Das Kapitel 2 schließen eine Übersicht über verschiedene Interventionen zur Vermeidung von FeM (Abschn. 2.10) sowie ein Zwischenfazit (Abschn. 2.11) ab.
Staging and Evaluating the ‘Finding Home’ Exhibition
Authors: Boyd Candice P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, Boyd describes the staging and evaluation of the ‘Finding Home’ exhibition within the context of university ‘impact agendas’. The notion of societal impact is critiqued before the tasks involved in staging the ‘Finding Home’ exhibition are detailed. The findings from the exhibition’s evaluation, which included 100 visitor surveys and 31 phone interviews with exhibition audiences, are also presented in this chapter. The chapter concludes with reflections on the labour involved in bringing a research exhibition to multiple publics.
Holographic BCFT with a Defect on the End-of-the-World brane
Authors: Miyaji Masamichi , Murdia Chitraang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new gravity dual for a 2d BCFT with two conformal boundaries by introducing a defect that connects the two End-of-the-World branes. We demonstrate that the BCFT dual to this bulk model exhibits a richer lowest spectrum. The corresponding lowest energy eigenvalue can continuously interpolate between $$ -\frac{\pi c}{24\Delta x} $$
−

πc

24
Δ
x

and 0 where ∆x is the distance between the boundaries. This range was inaccessible to the conventional AdS/BCFT model with distinct boundary conditions. We compute the holographic entanglement entropy and find that it exhibits three different phases, one of which breaks the time reflection symmetry. We also construct a wormhole saddle, analogous to a 3d replica wormhole, which connects different boundaries through the AdS bulk. This saddle is present only if the BCFT is non-unitary and is always subdominant compared to the disconnected saddle.
Transient chaos analysis of string scattering
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Matsuo Yoshinori , Yoda Takuya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It has long been thought that a highly excited string can be regarded as a black hole: the correspondence principle between strings and a black hole, while recent studies found that black holes are characterized by chaos. This suggests that highly excited strings are the source of the black hole chaoticity. We study the chaoticity of a string amplitude where a tachyon is scattered by a highly excited string. Our strategy to extract the chaos in the amplitude is a generalization of the transient chaos analysis for classical scattering. We look for the fractal structure in the plots of incoming/outgoing scattering angles, where the outgoing angle is defined as the maximum pole of the amplitude. Within our strategy, we could not identify any fractal structure in the scattering data. We also discuss other possible setups and strategies to extract the chaos, hoping that our present work serves as a step toward the formulation of chaos in string scattering amplitudes.
On the number of universal algebraic geometries
Authors: Aichinger Erhard , Rossi Bernardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe algebraic geometry of a universal algebra $${\textbf{A}}$$
A
is defined as the collection of solution sets of systems of term equations. Two algebras $${\textbf{A}}_1$$

A
1

and $${\textbf{A}}_2$$

A
2

are called algebraically equivalent if they have the same algebraic geometry. We prove that on a finite set A with $$|A|$$

|
A
|

there are countably many algebraically inequivalent Mal’cev algebras and that on a finite set A with $$|A|$$

|
A
|

there are continuously many algebraically inequivalent algebras.
Fear of war and mental health in Germany
Authors: Hajek A. , Kretzler B. , König H. H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to clarify the association between fear of war (both conventional war and nuclear war) and mental health (in terms of probable depression and probable anxiety).

Methods
Data were used from the general adult population in Germany (n = 3091 individuals; 15th March–21st March 2022). Probable depression and probable anxiety were both quantified using validated tools (PHQ-9/GAD-7). Multiple logistic regressions were used, adjusting for several sociodemographic, lifestyle-related and health-related factors.

Results
In total, 23.1% of the individuals had probable depression and 16.0% of the individuals had probable anxiety. Multiple logistic regression showed that the likelihood of probable depression was positively associated with fear of a conventional war (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.37). Furthermore, it was associated with fear of a nuclear war (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12–1.33). Additionally, regressions showed that the likelihood of probable anxiety was positively associated with fear of a conventional war (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.49–1.86). Moreover, it was associated with fear of a nuclear war (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.39–1.71).

Conclusions
Our findings stress the importance of fear of war for mental health in the general adult population in Germany. Upcoming research in this area is necessary.
Residual-based cointegration and non-cointegration tests for cointegrating polynomial regressions
Authors: Wagner Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCointegrating polynomial regressions (CPRs), i.e., regressions that include deterministic terms, integrated processes and powers of integrated processes as explanatory variables and stationary errors, have become prominent in several fields of applications, e.g., in the analysis of environmental Kuznets curves. A key issue, as always in cointegration analysis, is testing for the presence or absence of a cointegrating relationship. This paper discusses two complementary tests: one with the null hypothesis of cointegration and one with the null hypothesis of the absence of cointegration. It is shown that (inter alia) for the empirically most relevant case, in which only one of the integrated regressors occurs as regressor also with higher powers, critical values can be simulated and are provided for a variety of specifications. Finally, the usage of the tests is illustrated for the environmental Kuznets curve for carbon and sulfur dioxide emissions. The illustration also investigates the sensitivity of the test decisions with respect to kernel and bandwidth choices, sample size and data vintage.
Reproductive biology of female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in New Zealand waters
Authors: Palmer Emily I. , Betty Emma L. , Murphy Sinéad , Perrott Matthew R. , Smith Adam N. H. , Stockin Karen A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReproductive biology was assessed in 106 female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) examined post-mortem from stranding and bycatch events along the New Zealand coastline between 1997 and 2019. The average age (ASM) and length (LSM) at sexual maturity was estimated at 7.5 years and 183.5 cm, respectively. The total number of corpora in mature individuals increased with age and appeared to persist throughout life. Ovarian asymmetry was apparent, with the left ovary displaying higher rates of ovulation, and a maximum of 19 corpora recorded for a 24-year-old female. The estimated ovulation and annual pregnancy rates for mature females were 0.39 year−1 and 30%, respectively. Conception and calving occurred year-round, with a weak seasonal increase observed in late austral spring and early austral summer. As these data did not clearly show whether seasonality was present, the gestation, lactation, and resting periods were calculated as either 12.6 or 12.8 months based on the presence/absence of seasonality, respectively. Similarly, calving interval ranged from 3.15 to 3.2 years, depending upon whether seasonality was considered. The estimated LSM of the New Zealand population aligns with other populations globally, although the estimated ASM is younger by approximately 6 months. Other reproductive parameters align with Northern Hemisphere populations, although demonstrate variation, which may reflect adaptations to local conditions such as water temperature and prey availability. As the species is subject to anthropogenic impacts including pollution and bycatch, we suggest our findings be used as a baseline with which to monitor trends in population parameters.
Comparison of image quality between a novel mobile CT scanner and current generation stationary CT scanners
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Tamaddon Ashkan , Malekian Mazdak , Ydström Kristina , Siemund Roger , Ullberg Teresa , Wasselius Johan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Point-of-care imaging with mobile CT scanners offers several advantages, provided that the image quality is satisfactory. Our aim was to compare image quality of a novel mobile CT to stationary scanners for patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
From November 2020 to April 2021, all patients above 18 years of age examined by a mobile CT scanner at a neurosurgical ICU were included if they also had a stationary head CT examination during the same hospitalization. Quantitative image quality parameters included attenuation and noise in six predefined regions of interest, as well as contrast-to-noise ratio between gray and white matter. Subjective image quality was rated on a 4-garde scale, by four radiologists blinded to scanner parameters.

Results
Fifty patients were included in the final study population. Radiation dose and image attenuation values were similar for mobCT and stationary CTs. There was a small statistically significant difference in subjective quality rating between mobCT and stationary CT images. Two radiologists favored the stationary CT images, one was neutral, and one favored mobCT images. For overall image quality, 14% of mobCT images were rated grade 1 (poor image quality) compared to 8% for stationary CT images.

Conclusion
Point-of-care brain CT imaging was successfully performed on clinical neurosurgical ICU patients with small reduction in image quality, predominantly affecting the posterior fossa, compared to high-end stationary CT scanners.
Sex differences in perceived expectations of the outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasties and their fulfillment: an observational cohort study
Authors: Latijnhouwers Daisy A. J. M. , Vlieland Thea P. M. Vliet , Marijnissen Willem Jan , Damen Pieter-Jan , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Gademan Maaike G. J. ,   The Longitudinal Leiden Orthopaedics Outcomes of Osteoarthritis Study (LOAS) Group, van der Linden H. M. J. , Kaptein B. L. , Verdegaal S. H. M. , Kaptijn H. H. , Vehmeijer S. B. W. , Onstenk R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe influence of sex on preoperative expectations and their fulfillment following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) remains unexplored. We investigated differences between men and women in perceived preoperative expectations on the outcome of THA/TKA and their fulfillment 1 year postoperatively. We performed a cohort study. Expectations were collected preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively using the Hospital for Special Surgery Hip/Knee Replacement Expectations Surveys (HSS-HRES/KRES; not applicable = 0, applicable: back to normal = 1, much = 2/moderate = 3/slight improvement = 4). Fulfillment of expectations was calculated by subtracting preoperative from postoperative scores (score < 0:unfulfilled; score ≥ 0:fulfilled). We included patients with “applicable” expectations. Chi-square and ordinal regression were used to compare expectations and fulfillment regarding sex. 2333 THA (62% women) and 2398 TKA (65% women) patients were included. 77% of THA and 76% of TKA patients completed the HSS-HRES/HSS-KRES both preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Men more often perceived items as “applicable”, with differences in 9/20 (HSS-HRES) and 9/19 (HSS-KRES) preoperative items and, respectively, 12/20 (HSS-HRES) and 10/19 (HSS-KRES) postoperative items. The largest differences (> 10%) were found in sexual activity and working ability. 16/20 (HSS-HRES) and 14/19 (HSS-KRES) items showed an increased probability of having higher preoperative expectations of ≥ 10%, in favor of men. In all items, 60% of the respondents indicated that their expectation was fulfilled. Differences were observed in 16/20 (HSS-HRES) and 6/19 (HSS-KRES) items in favor of men. Sex differences were present in expectations and fulfillment, with higher applicability of items, preoperative expectations and fulfillment in men, especially on items related to functional activities.Trial registration: Trial-ID NTR3348.
Comparison of maximum-sized visually guided laser balloon and cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Ohkura Takashi , Yamasaki Takashi , Kakita Ken , Hattori Tetsuhisa , Nishimura Tetsuro , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Shimoo Satoshi , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Matoba Satoaki , Senoo Keitaro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBalloon ablation therapy has recently been used for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Laser balloons possess the property in which the balloon size can be changed. Standard laser balloon ablation (Standard LBA) was followed by additional ablation using a maximally extended balloon (Extended LBA) and its lesion characteristics were compared to cryoballoon ablation (CBA), another balloon technology. From June 2020 to July 2021, patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent an initial pulmonary vein (PV) isolation were enrolled. Sixty-five patients with paroxysmal AF were included, 32 in the LBA and 33 in the CBA group. To measure the isolated surface area after the ablation procedures, left atrial voltage mapping was performed after Standard LBA, Extended LBA, and CBA. The baseline patient characteristics did not differ between LBA and CBA. Extended LBA could successfully increase the isolated area more than Standard LBA for all four PVs. Compared to CBA, the isolated area of both superior PVs was significantly greater with Extended LBA (left superior PV: 8.5 ± 2.1 vs 7.3 ± 2.4, p = 0.04, right superior PV: 11.4 ± 3.7 vs 8.7 ± 2.7, p < 0.01), and thus the non-isolated posterior wall (PW) was smaller (8.5 ± 3.4 vs 12.4 ± 3.3, p < 0.01). Nevertheless, changes in the cardiac injury markers were significantly lower with LBA than CBA. There was no significant correlation between the cardiac injury level and isolated area in both groups. In conclusion, Extended LBA exhibited a significantly greater isolation of both superior PVs and resulted in a smaller non-isolated PW, but the cardiac injury markers were significantly suppressed as compared to CBA.
Non-operative management of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Jumah Soma , Wester Tomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAppendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies in children and adults. Appendectomy as the standard care has been challenged in the recent years with growing evidence about non-operative treatment as a potential primary treatment in patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis. This review aims to establish where the recent research stands regarding conservative treatment of acute appendicitis, especially in children. There are several studies that report the potential safety and efficacy of treating acute appendicitis non-operatively. Several studies have challenged the concept of acute appendicitis being a progressive disease that always ends in perforation, rather than a disease that can present as different forms with only a defined number of cases progressing to perforation. The lack of randomized controlled studies is a limitation and well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the role of non-operative management of acute appendicitis in children.