bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model-based three-material decomposition in dual-energy CT using the volume conservation constraint
Authors: Liu Stephen Z , Tivnan Matthew , Osgood Greg M , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H , Stayman J Webster , Zbijewski Wojciech 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. We develop a model-based optimization algorithm for ‘one-step’ dual-energy (DE) CT decomposition of three materials directly from projection measurements. Approach. Since the three-material problem is inherently undetermined, we incorporate the volume conservation principle (VCP) as a pair of equality and nonnegativity constraints into the objective function of the recently reported model-based material decomposition (MBMD). An optimization algorithm (constrained MBMD, CMBMD) is derived that utilizes voxel-wise separability to partition the volume into a VCP-constrained region solved using interior-point iterations, and an unconstrained region (air surrounding the object, where VCP is violated) solved with conventional two-material MBMD. Constrained MBMD (CMBMD) is validated in simulations and experiments in application to bone composition measurements in the presence of metal hardware using DE cone-beam CT (CBCT). A kV-switching protocol with non-coinciding low- and high-energy (LE and HE) projections was assumed. CMBMD with decomposed base materials of cortical bone, fat, and metal (titanium, Ti) is compared to MBMD with (i) fat-bone and (ii) fat-Ti bases. Main results. Three-material CMBMD exhibits a substantial reduction in metal artifacts relative to the two-material MBMD implementations. The accuracies of cortical bone volume fraction estimates are markedly improved using CMBMD, with ∼5–10× lower normalized root mean squared error in simulations with anthropomorphic knee phantoms (depending on the complexity of the metal component) and ∼2–2.5× lower in an experimental test-bench study. Significance. In conclusion, we demonstrated one-step three-material decomposition of DE CT using volume conservation as an optimization constraint. The proposed method might be applicable to DE applications such as bone marrow edema imaging (fat-bone-water decomposition) or multi-contrast imaging, especially on CT/CBCT systems that do not provide coinciding LE and HE ray paths required for conventional projection-domain DE decomposition.
Development of a synthetic phase contrast imaging diagnostic for turbulence studies at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Hansen S K , Porkolab M , Bähner J-P , Huang Z , von Stechow A , Grulke O , Edlund E M , Wilms F , Bañón Navarro A , Jenko F , Sánchez E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a synthetic phase contrast imaging (PCI) diagnostic for studying turbulence at the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. We first describe the implemented instrument response model, which captures diffraction effects, detector noise, and the long-wavelength cutoff due to the phase plate of the PCI system. To verify the instrument response model, we show that it is capable of reproducing the PCI signal generated by the sound wave speaker used for calibration at W7-X. Next, we discuss the calculation of synthetic PCI signals based on the global, nonlinear gyrokinetic codes GENE-3D and EUTERPE, including results from some of the first stellarator simulations of this type with kinetic electrons (KEs) in GENE-3D. While the simulations used in this work lack a neoclassical radial electric field, which is crucial for reproducing experimental PCI signals, they do indicate that the dominant rotation direction and velocities of the turbulent fluctuations can be inferred from the wave number-frequency spectra of the PCI signals, as expected. The synthetic PCI wave number spectra are further shown to be similar to those of the line-integrated fluctuating electron density, with distinct differences between adiabatic and KE simulations, explainable by previously published turbulence models. For example, the wave number spectra of all adiabatic electron simulations analyzed here follow a power law with an exponent close to −5 for sufficiently large wave numbers. This indicates that universal features of electron density turbulence at W7-X may be studied using the PCI system.
Investigations of Thermal Deformation Based on the Monitoring System of Tianma 13.2 m VGOS Telescope
Authors: Song Shize , Zhang Zhongkai , Wang Guangli , Zheng Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The thermal expansion of radio telescopes has been recognized as a significant systematic error in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data analysis. Although the thermal expansion model recommended by International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Conventions 2010 can achieve millimeter accuracy for the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) routine telescopes, both the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020) in preparation and the VLBI2010 project encourage the scientific community to reconsider its modeling. To this end, we developed a monitoring system for the Tianma 13.2 m VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) telescope. Based on the observed data, we refined the IERS expansion model, with results showing that the accuracy of our modified model was improved by 1.9 times. It suggested that the IERS thermal expansion model can achieve the declared millimeter accuracy, and refining its modeling can meet the requirement of 0.3 mm rms stability of the VGOS antenna reference point for the VLBI2010 project.
Constraining Mass of M31 Combing Kinematics of Stars, Planetary Nebulae and Globular clusters
Authors: Yuan Sunshun , Zhu Ling , Liu Cheng , Qu Han , Fan Zhou 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We construct a multiple-population discrete axisymmetric Jeans model for the Andromeda (M31) galaxy, considering three populations of kinematic tracers: 48 supergiants and 721 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the bulge and disk regions, 554 globular clusters extending to ∼30 kpc, and halo stars extending to ∼150 kpc of the galaxy. The three populations of tracers are organized in the same gravitational potential, while each population is allowed to have its own spatial distribution, rotation, and internal velocity anisotropy. The gravitational potential is a combination of stellar mass and a generalized NFW dark matter halo. We created two sets of models, one with a cusped dark matter halo and one with a cored dark matter halo. Both the cusped and cored model fit kinematics of all the three populations well, but the cored model is not preferred due to a too high concentration compared to that predicted from cosmological simulations. With a cusped dark matter halo, we obtained total stellar mass of 1.0 ± 0.1 × 1011
M
⊙, dark matter halo virial mass of M
200 = 7.0 ± 0.9 × 1011
M
⊙, virial radius of r
200 = 184 ± 4 kpc, and concentration of c = 20 ± 4. The mass of M31 we obtained is at the lower side of the allowed ranges in the literature and consistent with the previous results obtained from the H i rotation curve and PNe kinematics. Velocity dispersion profile of the outer stellar halo is important in constraining the total mass while it is still largely uncertain. Further proper motion of bright sources from Gaia or the Chinese Space Station Telescope might help on improving the data and lead to stronger constraints on the total mass of M31.
A new quasilinear saturation rule for tokamak turbulence with application to the isotope scaling of transport
Authors: Dudding H.G. , Casson F.J. , Dickinson D. , Patel B.S. , Roach C.M. , Belli E.A. , Staebler G.M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A new quasilinear saturation model SAT3 has been developed for the purpose of calculating radial turbulent fluxes in the core of tokamak plasmas. The new model is shown to be able to better recreate the isotope mass dependence of nonlinear gyrokinetic fluxes compared to contemporary quasilinear models, including SAT2 (Staebler et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 116007), while performing at least as well in other key equilibrium parameters. By first quantifying the isotope scaling of gyrokinetic flux spectra, it is shown that the deviation from the gyroBohm scaling of fluxes originates primarily in the magnitude of the saturated potentials. Using this result SAT3 was formulated using observations made from gyrokinetic data, including a novel and robust relation between the 1D potential spectrum and the radial spectral widths. This serves to define the underlying functional forms of SAT3 before then connecting to the linear dynamics, including a difference in saturation level between ITG- and TEM-dominated turbulence, with the resulting free parameters having been fit to a database of high-resolution nonlinear CGYRO simulations. Additional features outside of the database are included, including E × B shear and multi-ion plasma capability. The methodology used in the development of SAT3 represents an algorithm which can be used in the improvement and generation of future saturation models.
Yield Qualities Evaluation for Gayo Arabica Coffee Germplasm
Authors: Samsudin  , Iflah T , Syafaruddin  , Ferry Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gayo Arabica coffee has been known in the world market as specialty coffee. Some lines of Arabica coffee that have been planted in the Gayo Experimental Station (GES) for more than 20 years have the potential to be released as superior varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of 15 Arabica coffee lines in the GES germplasm. The physical quality test of beans refers to SNI 2907-2008 by observing the length, width, thickness, and weight of 100 beans. Physicochemical content testing was carried out on beans, including caffeine, protein, fat, and ash. Organoleptic testing was carried out by certified panelists referring to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) standards. The evaluation results of 15 Gayo Arabica coffee lines showed that all lines had the good physical quality of beans. Protein content ranges from 10.79-14.14%, caffeine 0.51-0.82, and fat 12.48-15.68%. All tested Arabica coffees had a total score of more than 80, which means they are included in the specialty category. The Ateng Super, C 49, and SLN 9 lines had a better taste (85.75) than the superior varieties released, namely Gayo 1 (83.75) and Gayo 2 (85.50).
Characterization of Edible Film based on Yam Bean Starch, Calcium Propionate and Agarwood Bouya Essential Oil
Authors: Wigati L P , Wardana A A , Tanaka F , Tanaka F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fruit become defenceless against mechanical damage and water loss, causing loss of quality and quantity. To avoid these risks, the edible coating might be one solution. The advantage of starch creates a fence between oxygen, either moisture and the product. The additional antimicrobial can be used in the coatings us calcium propionate in limited quantities. In addition, agarwood bouya essential oil might also have potential as an antifungal agent for fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of yam bean starch, calcium propionate, and essential oil concentrations on the relevant properties of edible films. The effect of treatments analyzed by analysis of variance and significant differences between experimental groups were examined by Tukey HSD. As a result, the viscosity and pH of the solution were found to be in the range of 28.34 to 35.97 cP and 4.79 to 4.97, respectively. As for the film properties, moisture content ranged about 32.27 to 49.80 %; L*, a*, and b* values ranged from 90.22 to 91.29, 0.54 to 0.89 and 16.06 to 17.39 respectively; thickness ranged from 0.428 to 0.437 mm; WVTR ranged from 5.63 to 6.83 (g/day(m2)), and the results of scanning electron microscopy show that it was found that the films still had the granule structure of starch.
Food Safety Aspect in the Use of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Cleaning Process of Coriander Seeds
Authors: Dwi Ratnanto S A , Ahmad U , Iriani E S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Eventhough coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of important spices for Indonesian traditional cuisine, it is mostly imported from others countries. One problem related to imported coriander is its appearance with dark brown color does not meet Indonesians consumers preference. To improve the appearance of imported coriander, the importers usually threat the herb by cleaning them using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Unfortunately, there is no standard to apply H2O2 as cleaning agent. This condition causes the cleaning process increases potential risk of H2O2 residual contamination on coriander seeds. This research was carried out by treatment of various doses and concentrations of H2O2, drying methods and duration of post-cleaning storage time to observe the effect of using H2O2 as cleaning agent on safety aspect. The result of parameter measured shows that H2O2 treatment did not cause a significant difference in the proximate test. The higher concentration of H2O2 treatment combined with mechanical drying resulted in brighter coriander seeds and more effective brightness achievement. Treatment of H2O2 with a higher concentration resulted in a higher residual value, while mechanical drying method resulted in a more rapid decrease in the residual value of H2O2. The residual value of H2O2 in coriander seeds decreased with longer post-cleaning storage time. All treatment variations resulted in allowable residual value that meet the EPA standard at 30 days storage after treatment.
2022 roadmap on neuromorphic devices and applications research in China
Authors: Wan Qing , Wan Changjin , Wu Huaqiang , Yang Yuchao , Huang Xiaohe , Zhou Peng , Chen Lin , Wang Tian-Yu , Li Yi , Xue Kan-Hao , He Yu-Hui , Miao Xiang-Shui , Li Xi , Xie Chenchen , Chen Houpeng , Song Zhitang , Wang Hong , Hao Yue , Zhang Junyao , Huang Jia , Ren Zheng Yu , Zhu Li Qiang , Du Jianyu , Ge Chen , Liu Yang , Ding Guanglong , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting , Wang Guosheng , Yu Xiao , Chen Bing , Chu Zhufei , Wang Lunyao , Xia Yinshui , Mu Chen , Lin Feng , Chen Chixiao , Cheng Bojun , Xing Yannan , Zeng Weitao , Chen Hong , Yu Lei , Indiveri Giacomo , Qiao Ning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The data throughput in the von Neumann architecture-based computing system is limited by its separated processing and memory structure, and the mismatching speed between the two units. As a result, it is quite difficult to improve the energy efficiency in conventional computing system, especially for dealing with unstructured data. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence and robotics nowadays still behave poorly in autonomy, creativity, and sociality, which has been considered as the unimaginable computational requirement for sensorimotor skills. These two plights have urged the imitation and replication of the biological systems in terms of computing, sensing, and even motoring. Hence, the so-called neuromorphic system has drawn worldwide attention in recent decade, which is aimed at addressing the aforementioned needs from the mimicking of neural system. The recent developments on emerging memory devices, nanotechnologies, and materials science have provided an unprecedented opportunity for this aim.
Nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma suppresses colorectal cancer aggressiveness by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Guo Xiaohong , Yue Longtao , Li Min , Dai Ang , Sun Junying , Fang Lei , Zhao Hai , Sun Qing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the predominant cause of cancer-related death worldwide, because of the lack of effective therapeutic targets. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG), which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors, functions as an important element regulating gene transcription. In our report, we identified ESRRG as a potential tumor suppressor. The decreased level of ESRRG was initially observed in CRC and was highly associated with a poor prognosis. ESRRG overexpression abrogated cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ESRRG repressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process and antagonized Wnt signaling by regulating β-catenin degradation. In addition, significant ESRRG hypermethylation was found in CRC and inversely correlated with its expression. Consistently, the expression of ESRRG was induced after treatment with DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine. Taken together, these findings define a tumor-suppressive role of ESRRG in CRC, providing a potential novel therapeutic approach for this cancer.
Acute Tai Chi Chuan exercise enhances sustained attention and elicits increased cuneus/precuneus activation in young adults
Authors: Chen Rongrong , Wang Shilei , Fan Yajun , Liu Xianfa , Wang Jinhui , Lv Yating , Wang Dongmin , Wu Dong , Cao Wentian , Zou Qihong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe potential for acute exercise to enhance attention has been discussed in the literature. However, the neural mechanisms by which acute exercise affects attention remain elusive.MethodIn this study, we first identified an optimized acute Tai Chi Chuan (ATCC) exercise protocol that enhances sustained attention performance and then aimed to determine the neural substrates of exercise-enhanced attention. Reaction time (RT) from the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was used to evaluate sustained attention. In Experiment 1, improvements in RTs were compared among six different exercise protocols. In Experiment 2, the participants completed the PVT in an MRI scanner on both rest and exercise days.ResultsExperiment 1 showed that practicing TCC 3 times for a total of 20 minutes, followed by 10-minute rest periods, resulted in the largest improvements in RTs. Experiment 2 showed that ATCC enhanced sustained attention, as evidenced by shorter RTs, and resulted in greater cuneus/precuneus activation after exercise than in the rest condition. Exercise-induced changes in brain activities across a distributed network exhibited significant correlations with attention.ConclusionTherefore, this study indicates that ATCC effectively enhances sustained attention and underscores the key role of the cuneus/precuneus and frontoparietal-cerebellar regions in facilitating vigilance among young adults.
Opisthorchis Felineus Infection is a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma in Western Siberia: A Hospital-based Case-control Study
Authors: Fedorova Olga S , Kovshirina Anna E , Kovshirina Yulia V , Hattendorf Jan , Onishchenko Sergey V , Katanakhova Ludmila L , Taslicki Stanislav S , Chizhikov Andrey V , Tataurov Ilya A , Vtorushin Sergey V , Sripa Banchob , Ogorodova Ludmila M , Odermatt Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, has a high incidence in Western Siberia, Russian Federation. In addition, Opisthorchis felineus, a bile duct–dwelling trematode liver fluke is highly endemic. Closely related species have been shown to be cancerogenic agents in Asia. We therefore examined the association between O felineus infection and CCA in Western Siberia.

Methods
We conducted a hospital-based, individually matched case-control study between January 2017 and August 2020 in Tomsk Oblast and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yugra, Russian Federation. Histologically confirmed CCA patients (cases) were compared with matched age, sex, and place of residence hospital controls. The examination of study participants included the diagnosis of current and past O felineus infection, abdominal ultrasonographical assessment, physical examination, and interview on exposures to potential risk factors.

Results
We identified 40 patients with CCA and 160 controls. Exposures to O felineus infection was strongly associated with CCA (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–10.8; P = .008). Also, cases reported more often that they were currently or in the past were infected by O felineus compared with controls (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.7–9.5; P = .001). Furthermore, cases reported river fish consumption and fishing habits significantly more often than controls (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.5–19.8; P = .009 and OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4–7.7; P = .005).

Conclusions
The study results revealed a strong significantly increased risk for CCA development in O felineus–infected individuals. Elaboration of the guidelines on screening programs for early CCA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment is socially important in endemic regions.
A case report-application of pericardial effusion cytology and next-generation sequencing technology: quick and secure diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Zheng Jin Lei , Zhou Yi Jiang , Yan Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that usually involves the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum without an obvious tumour mass, with multiple plasma effusions as its main clinical feature. We report a case of a massive pericardial effusion in an elderly male with a final diagnosis of PEL.

Case summary
A 70-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of appetite, and cough with phlegm after a pericardial effusion had been found for 5 months. The next-generation sequencing of pericardial effusion found human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infection, and further cytomorphological and immunohistochemical examination were done. According to the patient's HHV-8 infection, the pathological features of heterogeneous B cells with plasmablastic differentiation and the immunohistochemical characteristics of PEL, the final diagnosis was made as human immunodeficiency virus-negative PEL.

Discussion
The diversity and non-specificity of PEL symptoms, as well as its rarity, make it difficult to diagnose. In this case, we used the next-generation sequencing technology to screen the pathogen of the patient's pericardial effusion and carried out morphological and immunohistochemical examination of the cells in the pericardial effusion, which provided a clinically operable diagnosis for an uncommon disease, enabling us to make a clear diagnosis faster and start treatment in time.
Widespread seagrass die-off has no legacy effect on basal resource use of seagrass food webs in Florida Bay, USA
Authors: James W Ryan , Santos Rolando O , Rodemann Jonathan R , Rezek Ryan J , Fratto Zachary W , Furman Bradley T , Hall Margaret O , Kelble Christopher R , Rehage Jennifer S , Nelson James A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Macrophyte foundation species provide both habitat structure and primary production, and loss of these habitats can alter species interactions and lead to changes in energy flow in food webs. Extensive seagrass meadows in Florida Bay have recently experienced a widespread loss of seagrass habitat due to a Thalassia testudinum mass mortality event in 2015 associated with prolonged hypersalinity and bottom-water anoxia. Using stable isotope analysis paired with Bayesian mixing models, we investigated the basal resource use of seven species of seagrass-associated consumers across Florida Bay in areas affected by the 2015 seagrass die-off. Three years after the die-off, basal resource use did not differ for species collected inside and outside the die-off affected areas. Instead, consumers showed seasonal patterns in basal resource use with seagrass the most important in the wet season (58%), while epiphytes were the most important in the dry season (44%). Additionally, intraspecific spatial variability in resource use was lower in the wet season compared to the dry season. We were unable to detect a legacy effect of a major disturbance on the basal resource use of the most common seagrass-associated consumers in Florida Bay.