bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color-flavor dependence of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and QCD phase diagram
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Murad Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking/restoration for various numbers of light quarks flavors

and colors

using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quarks in the Schwinger-Dyson equation framework, dressed with a color-flavor dependence of effective coupling. For fixed

and varying

, we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is broken when

exceeds its critical value

. For a fixed

and varying

, we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is restored when

reaches its critical value

. Strong interplay is observed between

and

, i.e., larger values of

tend to strengthen the dynamical generated quark mass and quark-antiquark condensate, while higher values of

suppress both parameters. We further sketch the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram at a finite temperature T and quark chemical potential μ for various

and

. At finite T and μ, we observe that the critical number of colors

is enhanced, whereas the critical number of flavors

is suppressed as T and μ increase. Consequently, the critical temperature

,

, and co-ordinates of the critical endpoint

in the QCD phase diagram are enhanced as

increases and suppressed when

increases. Our findings agree with the lattice QCD and Schwinger-Dyson equations predictions.
Contaminant detection using a CZT photon counting detector with TDI image reconstruction
Authors: Nguyen Joanna , Richtsmeier Devon , Iniewski Kris , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Food x-ray inspection systems are designed to detect unwanted physical contaminants in packaged food to maintain a high level of food safety for consumers. Modern day x-ray inspection systems often utilize line scan sensors to detect these physical contaminants but are limited to single or dual energies. However, by using a photon counting detector (PCD), a new generation of food inspection systems capable of acquiring images at more than two energy bins could improve discrimination between low density contaminants. In this work, five type of contaminants were embedded in an acrylic phantom and imaged using a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) PCD with a pixel pitch of 330 μm. A set of images were acquired while the phantom was stationary, and another set of images were acquired while the phantom was moving to mimic the movement of a conveyor belt. Image quality was assessed by evaluating the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for each set of images. For imaging times larger than 25 ms, the results showed that the moving phantom data set yielded larger CNR values compared to a stationary phantom. While conventional x-ray inspections often utilize line scan sensors, we report that physical contaminant detection is possible with a CZT PCD x-ray imaging system.
Effect modification by sex for associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, and emergency room visits: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heo Seulkee , Son Ji-Young , Lim Chris C , Fong Kelvin C , Choi Hayon Michelle , Hernandez-Ramirez Raul U , Nyhan Kate , Dhillon Preet K , Kapoor Suhela , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Spiegelman Donna , Bell Michelle L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter no larger than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but evidence for vulnerability by sex remains unclear. We performed systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the state of scientific evidence on whether cardiovascular risks from PM2.5 differ for men compared to women. The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and GreenFILE were searched for studies published January 1995 to February 2020. Observational studies conducting subgroup analysis by sex for impacts of short-term or long-term exposure to PM2.5 on target CVDs were included. Data were independently extracted in duplicate and pooled with random-effects meta-regression. Risk ratios (RRs) for long-term exposure and percent changes in outcomes for short-term exposure were calculated per 10 µg m−3 PM2.5 increase. Quality of evidence of risk differences by sex was rated following Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 12 502 articles were screened, with 61 meeting inclusion criteria. An additional 32 studies were added from citation chaining. RRs of all CVD mortality for long-term PM2.5 for men and women were the same (1.14; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.22) indicating no statistically different risks. Men and women did not have statistically different risks of daily CVD mortality, hospitalizations from all CVD, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrest, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure from short-term PM2.5 exposure (difference in % change in risk per 10 µg m−3 PM2.5: 0.04 (95% CI, −0.42–0.51); −0.05 (−0.47–0.38); 0.17 (−0.90, 1.24); 1.42 (−1.06, 3.97); 1.33 (−0.05, 2.73); and −0.48 (−1.94, 1.01), respectively). Analysis using GRADE found low or very low quality of evidence for sex differences for PM2.5-CVD risks. In conclusion, this meta-analysis and quality of evidence assessment of current observational studies found very limited evidence of the effect modification by sex for effects of PM2.5 on CVD outcomes in adults, which can inform clinical approaches and policies.
Discrimination of dephasing channels
Authors: Rexiti Milajiguli , Memarzadeh Laleh , Mancini Stefano 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The problem of dephasing channel discrimination is addressed for finite-dimensional systems. In particular, the optimization with respect to input states without energy constraint is solved analytically for qubit, qutrit and ququart. Additionally, it is shown that resorting to side entanglement assisted strategy is completely useless in this case.
Exploring the structural and optoelectronic properties of natural insulating phlogopite in van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Cadore Alisson R , de Oliveira Raphaela , Longuinhos Raphael , Teixeira Verônica de C , Nagaoka Danilo A , Alvarenga Vinicius T , Ribeiro-Soares Jenaina , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Paniago Roberto M , Malachias Angelo , Krambrock Klaus , Barcelos Ingrid D , de Matos Christiano J S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Naturally occurring van der Waals crystals have brought unprecedented interest to nanomaterial researchers in recent years. So far, more than 1800 layered materials (LMs) have been identified but only a few insulating and naturally occurring LMs were deeply investigated. Phyllosilicate minerals, which are a class of natural and abundant LMs, have been recently considered as a low-cost source of insulating nanomaterials. Within this family an almost barely explored material emerges: phlogopite (KMg3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2). Here we carry out a high throughput characterization of this LM by employing several experimental techniques, corroborating the major findings with first-principles calculations. We show that monolayers (1L) and few-layers of this material are air and temperature stable, as well as easily obtained by the standard mechanical exfoliation technique, have an atomically flat surface, and lower bandgap than its bulk counterpart, an unusual trend in LMs. We also systematically study the basic properties of ultrathin phlogopite and demonstrate that natural phlogopite presents iron impurities in its crystal lattice, which decreases its bandgap from about 7 eV to 3.6 eV. Finally, we combine phlogopite crystals with 1L-WS2 in ultrathin van der Waals heterostructures and present a photoluminescence study, revealing a significant enhancement on the 1L-WS2 optical quality (i.e. higher recombination efficiency through neutral excitons) similarly to that obtained on 1L-WS2/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures. Our proof-of-concept study shows that phlogopite should be regarded as a good and promising candidate for LM-based applications as a low-cost layered nanomaterial.
Investigation of structural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of steel 316L reinforcement by hBN and TiC particles
Authors: Roohi Amir H , Mirsadeghi Amirhossein , Sadooghi Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The powder metallurgy process is commonly used to produce nanocomposite samples so that, their properties depend on the process parameters and the weight fraction of reinforcements. In the current study, producing metal matrix nanocomposite with steel 316L as a matrix and mixing of hBN/TiC nanoparticles as a reinforcement is conducted. The total weight percentages of reinforcements are 6% wt and 8% wt (i.e. with an equal proportion for each nanoparticle). The powders were mixed for 10 h and then compacted at different pressures (300 MPa and 400 MPa) by cold isostatic pressure (CIP) conditions. The compacted powders were sintered at different temperatures (1350 °C and 1450 °C), and times (2 h and 4 h) in the furnace. The microstructural analysis of nanocomposite was performed by SEM, XRD, EDX, DTA, and also FT-IR tests. The results showed that by increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles the microhardness and wear rate improved and, on the contrary, the flexural strength and corrosion rate decreased. The optimum result for the microhardness and wear rate were achieved when the sample contains 8% wt nanoparticles, compacted at 400 MPa and sintered at 1350 °C for 4 h. As well, the highest flexural strength and corrosion rate belong to the sample compacted and sintered at 400 MPa, 1450 °C for 2 h.
Degradation of tiamulin by a packed bed dielectric barrier plasma combined with TiO2 catalyst
Authors: YANG Kun , SHEN Hongwei , LIU Yueyue , LIU Yang , GE Pingji , YANG Dezheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, a plasma catalyst was employed to efficiently degrade antibiotic residues in the environment. In this study, the plasma generated in a packed bed dielectric barrier reactor combined with TiO2 catalyst is used to degrade the antibiotic tiamulin (TIA) loaded on the surface of simulated soil particles. The effects of applied voltage, composition of the working gas, gas flow rate and presence or absence of catalyst on the degradation effect were studied. It was found that plasma and catalyst can produce a synergistic effect under optimal conditions (applied voltage 25 kV, oxygen ratio 1%, gas flow rate 0.6 l min−1, treatment time 5 min). The degradation efficiency of the plasma combined with catalyst can reach 78.6%, which is 18.4% higher than that of plasma without catalyst. When the applied voltage is 30 kV, the gas flow rate is 1 l min−1, the oxygen ratio is 1% and the plasma combined with TiO2 catalyst treats the sample for 5 min the degradation efficiency of TIA reached 97%. It can be concluded that a higher applied voltage and longer processing times not only lead to more degradation but also result in a lower energy efficiency. Decreasing the oxygen ratio and gas flow rate could improve the degradation efficiency. The relative distribution and identity of the major TIA degradation product generated was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The mechanism of TIA removal by plasma and TiO2 catalyst was analyzed, and the possible degradation path is discussed.
Experimental study on surface arc plasma actuation-based hypersonic boundary layer transition flow control
Authors: YANG Hesen , LIANG Hua , GUO Shanguang , LUO Yanhao , TANG Mengxiao , ZHANG Chuanbiao , WU Yun , LI Yinghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Effective control of hypersonic transition is essential. In order to avoid affecting the structural profile of the aircraft, as well as reducing power consumption and electromagnetic interference, a low-frequency surface arc plasma disturbance experiment to promote hypersonic transition was carried out in the Φ0.25 m double-throat Ludwieg tube wind tunnel at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Contacting printed circuit board sensors and non-contact focused laser differential interferometry testing technology were used in combination. Experimental results showed that the low-frequency surface arc plasma actuation had obvious stimulation effects on the second-mode unstable wave and could promote boundary layer transition by changing the spectral characteristics of the second-mode unstable wave. At the same time, the plasma actuation could promote energy exchange between the second-mode unstable wave and other unstable waves. Finally, the corresponding control mechanism is discussed.
Beliefs About Medicines Predict Side-Effects of Placebo Modafinil
Authors: Heller Monika K , Chapman Sarah C E , Horne Rob 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients receiving placebo in clinical trials often report side-effects (nocebo effects), but contributing factors are still poorly understood.

Purpose
Using a sham trial of the cognition-enhancing “smart pill” Modafinil we tested whether medication beliefs and other psychological factors predicted detection and attribution of symptoms as side-effects to placebo.

Methods
Healthy students (n = 201) completed measures assessing beliefs about medication, perceived sensitivity to medicines, negative affectivity, somatization, and body awareness; 66 were then randomized to receive Deceptive Placebo (told Modafinil–given placebo, 67 to Open Placebo (told placebo–given placebo, and 68 to No Placebo. Memory and attention tasks assessed cognitive enhancement. Nocebo effects were assessed by symptom checklist.

Results
More symptoms were reported in the Deceptive Placebo condition (M = 2.65; SD = 2.27) than Open Placebo (M = 1.92; SD = 2.24; Mann–Whitney U = 1,654, z = 2.30, p = .022) or No Placebo (M = 1.68; SD = 1.75, Mann–Whitney U = 1,640, z = 2.74, p = .006). Participants were more likely to attribute symptoms to Modafinil side-effects if they believed pharmaceuticals to be generally harmful (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70, p = .019), had higher perceived sensitivity to medicines (IRR = 1.68, p = .011), stronger concerns about Modafinil (IRR = 2.10, p &lt; .001), and higher negative affectivity (IRR = 2.37, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Beliefs about medication are potentially modifiable predictors of the nocebo effect. These findings provide insight into side-effect reports to placebo and, potentially, active treatment.
Unbiased Awarding of Art Prizes? It’s Hard to Judge
Authors: Sullivan-Bissett Ema , Rush Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have higher-order evidence that aesthetic judgements in the context of awarding art prizes may be affected by implicit bias, to the detriment of artists from marginalized groups. Epistemologists have suggested how to respond to higher-order evidence by appeal to bracketing or suspending judgement. We explain why these approaches do not help in this context. We turn to three ways of addressing the operation of implicit bias: (i) anonymization, (ii) the production of objective criteria, (iii) direct implicit bias mitigation techniques. We show that, in the art prize case, strategy (i) is sometimes counterproductive and any benefits are partial, and strategy (ii) is difficult or impossible to implement. This means that the need for (iii) (direct implicit bias mitigation techniques) is more pressing here than elsewhere. The art prize context is one where mitigation of a particular kind is all we are left with. However, domain-specific problems arise for this strategy too, which call for further empirical work on the operation of implicit bias in the artworld. We conclude that the problem of implicit bias as it arises in the specific context of awarding prizes in the artworld is especially challenging and, given the unavailability of alternative mitigations in this context, the need for direct bias mitigation is even more pressing here than in society in general.
Increased viral load in a hospitalized patient on treatment with crushed bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rowe Sarah M , Clary Jackson C , Drummond Malashia , Derrick Caroline , Sanasi Kamla , Bookstaver P Brandon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe a case of increased viral load in a patient with HIV-1 infection receiving treatment with crushed bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/FTC/TAF).

Summary
A 43-year-old man, newly diagnosed with HIV, was hospitalized due to failure to thrive, neurological changes, and hypotension. Before treatment, the HIV viral load (VL) was 769,704 copies/mL and the CD4+ T-cell count was 36 cells/μL. On hospital day (HD) 8, B/FTC/TAF by mouth daily was initiated. During the hospitalization, the patient’s course was complicated by opportunistic infections, bilateral pneumothorax, seizure activity, and acute respiratory distress, requiring multiple intubations and extended time in the intensive care unit. A repeat VL measurement on HD 28 was 5,887 copies/mL after the patient had received 14 of 20 scheduled B/FTC/TAF doses. Because of a failed swallow study and continued nutritional deficits, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was placed on HD 38 and continuous tube feeds via the PEG tube were initiated. Subsequently, the B/FTC/TAF order was modified to be crushed, mixed in 30 mL water, and administered daily via the PEG tube. A repeat VL measurement on HD 65 showed an increase to 8,047 copies/mL, despite receipt of 37 consecutive doses of B/FTC/TAF. B/FTC/TAF was discontinued and dolutegravir 50 mg twice daily, darunavir 800 mg plus ritonavir 100 mg (DRV/r), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/FTC 300 mg/200 mg were started due to virological increase, need for a viable option compatible with PEG tube delivery, and potential for integrase inhibitor resistance. At the time of regimen change (HD 67), a resistance panel showed minor mutations, E157Q and V118I. The regimen was streamlined with discontinuation of DRV/r on HD 92. The patient was discharged on HD 161. The PEG tube was removed 2 months after discharge, oral B/FTC/TAF was reinitiated, and the patient was virologically suppressed at 1 year after discharge.

Conclusion
Controlled studies are needed to verify acceptable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic metrics for crushed B/FTC/TAF given via tube, with and without tube feeds, before use in this manner.
Trends in postgraduate year 2 pharmacy residencies
Authors: Lambert Drew , James Shannon M , Welch Kristene A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to quantify the growth and trends in postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy residencies.

Methods
Summaries of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Resident Matching Program from 2008 to 2021 were obtained. Only standalone PGY2 residencies were included in the analysis. Descriptive analyses were completed for data related to the programs and positions.

Results
From 2008 to 2021, the total number of ASHP-accredited PGY2 programs increased from 282 to 1,131 (301%) and the overall number of unfilled positions decreased from 22% (77 of 351) to 2% (34 of 1,492). The percentage of positions filled early increased from 23% (81 of 351) to 40% (594 of 1,492) during this time. In 2021, programs with a clinical focus accounted for 91.6% of total positions. The Ambulatory Care category accounted for the largest percentage of all PGY2 residency positions, at 19.2% (287 of 1,492) in 2021 compared to 12.8% (45 of 351) in 2008. The total share of PGY2 residency positions in the Critical Care category decreased from 22.8% (80 of 351) in 2008 to 13.7% (205 of 1,492) in 2021; however, the share of PGY2 residency positions in the Emergency Medicine category increased from 1.4% (5 of 351) to 5.9% (88 of 1,492).

Conclusion
From 2008 to 2021 the total number of PGY2 residencies increased; however, this growth was uneven, as the share of positions within individual residency categories changed. It is important for pharmacy stakeholders to review the current state of postgraduate training and ensure it reflects the goals for future practice.
Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction at a Major Safety-Net Hospital: Managing the Outsized Risk of Infection
Authors: Urquia Lindsey N , Henderson Silas P , Farewell Jordyn T , Duque Sofia , Garibay Maycie , Nevin Julia , Zhang Andrew Y 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmediate tissue expander (TE) breast reconstruction is reported to have the highest rate of postoperative infection among reconstructive modalities. The risk of infection is higher among patients treated at safety-net hospitals.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to identify significant contributing factors to the elevated infection risk at our major safety-net institution.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on all TE-based reconstruction patients with a diagnosis of postoperative infection between 2015 and 2019. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative risk factors for infection were determined and compared across patient and procedure demographics.ResultsTwo hundred forty-three patients, for a total of 412 breast reconstructions, were included in our study. Significant preoperative selection factors were identified to contribute to the elevated risk of infection, including the following: older age, higher BMI, and diabetes. Significant intraoperative and postoperative contributing factors included greater mastectomy weight, larger TE’s and intraoperative fill volume, and longer drain duration. Doxycycline treatment for infected patients resulted in a significantly higher rate of resolution.ConclusionsSafety-net hospital population patients undergoing TE breast reconstruction are at higher risk for postoperative infection. Personal and procedural risk factors are identified. Balancing the benefits of immediate breast reconstruction with TEs with the elevated risk of postoperative infection remains challenging. Implementation of more stringent eligibility criteria may help mitigate the risk of infection.Level of Evidence: 4
The requirement of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 in mouse ovarian development and fertility
Authors: Woodman Morgan F , Ozcan Meghan C H , Gura Megan A , De La Cruz Payton , Gadson Alexis K , Grive Kathryn J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme enriched in neuronal and gonadal tissues known to regulate the cellular stores of mono-ubiquitin and protein turnover. While its function in maintaining proper motor neuron function is well established, investigation into its role in the health and function of reproductive processes is only just beginning to be studied. Single-cell-sequencing analysis of all ovarian cells from the murine perinatal period revealed that Uchl1 is very highly expressed in the developing oocyte population, an observation which was corroborated by high levels of oocyte-enriched UCHL1 protein expression in oocytes of all stages throughout the mouse reproductive lifespan. To better understand the role UCHL1 may be playing in oocytes, we utilized a UCHL1-deficient mouse line, finding reduced number of litters, reduced litter sizes, altered folliculogenesis, morphologically abnormal oocytes, disrupted estrous cyclicity and apparent endocrine dysfunction in these animals compared to their wild-type and heterozygous littermates. These data reveal a novel role of UCHL1 in female fertility as well as overall ovarian function, and suggest a potentially essential role for the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in mediating reproductive health.