bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinin B1 receptor blockade attenuates hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in chronic liver diseases in mice
Authors: Rampa Dileep Reddy , Feng Huiying , Allur-Subramaniyan Sivakumar , Shim Kwanseob , Pekcec Anton , Lee Dongwon , Doods Henri , Wu Dongmei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Kinin B1 receptors (B1Rs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This study examined the anti-fibrotic effects of B1R blockade with BI 113823 in two established mouse models of hepatic fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection or bile duct ligation (BDL). The mechanisms underlying the protection afforded by B1R inhibition were examined using human peripheral blood cells and LX2 human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Methods
Fibrotic liver diseases were induced in mice by intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection for 6 weeks, and by bile duct ligation (BDL) for 3 weeks, respectively. Mice received daily treatment of vehicle or BI 113823 (B1R antagonist) from onset of the experiment until the end of the study.

Results
B1Rs were strongly induced in fibrotic mouse liver. BI 113823 significantly attenuated liver fibrosis and portal hypertension (PH), and improved survival in both CCl4 and BDL mice. BI 113823 significantly reduced the expression of fibrotic proteins α-SMA, collagens 1, 3, 4, and profibrotic growth factors PDGF, TGFβ, CTGF, VEGF, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; and reduced hepatic Akt phosphorylation in CCl4- and BDL-induced liver fibrosis. BI 113823 also reduced expression of Cytokines IL-1, IL-6; chemokines MCP-1, MCP-3 and infiltration of inflammatory cells; and inhibited human monocyte and neutrophil activation, transmigration, TNF-α & MPO production in vitro. BI 113823 inhibited TGF-β and B1R agonist-stimulated human-HSC activation, contraction, proliferation, migration and fibrosis protein expression, and inhibited activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

Conclusions
B1Rs merits consideration as a novel therapeutic target for chronic liver fibrosis and PH.
Experiences of using a digital tool, the D‐foot, in the screening of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Zügner Roland , Jarl Gustav , Sundberg Leif , Tang Ulla Hellstrand 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals living with diabetes run an increased risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), leading to high costs to society and reduced quality of life for the individual. Regular screening is important to avoid complications.AimTo evaluate patients' and clinicians' experiences of using a digital tool, the D‐Foot, in the screening of risk factors for developing DFUs. The secondary aims were to investigate whether patients had had their feet examined by a nurse or doctor during the past year, had been referred to podiatry and whether patients had received information about self‐care.MethodsA prospective study was carried out, comprising 90 patients with diabetes visiting a Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics (DPO). Two Certified Prosthetists and Orthotists (CPOs) were included, and they assessed foot status and the risk of developing DFUs with the D‐Foot software, prior to prescribing footwear. The quality of services at the DPO was assessed by the patients using the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS). The CPOs answered the System Usability Scale (SUS) before and after the study to assess the usability of the D‐Foot.ResultsNo patient had risk grade 1. One (1%) patient had risk grade 2, 78 (87%) patients had risk grade 3 and 11 (12%) patients had risk grade 4. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction on eight of ten OPUS items and the two items with lower scores were not related to the use of the D‐Foot. The two CPOs reported levels above the mean regarding usability both before (77.5 and 90) and after (70 and 97.5) using the D‐Foot.ConclusionsPatients expressed a high level of satisfaction with the services when their feet were examined with the D‐Foot prior to the provision of footwear. The CPOs found that the D‐Foot system was usable. Several comments were made by patients and CPOs and will support the future development and testing of the D‐Foot. There is a need to increase referrals for preventive podiatry and improve information on self‐care for patients at risk of DFUs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04054804.
Predictive clinical utility of pre-hospital point of care lactate for transfusion of blood product in patients with suspected traumatic haemorrhage: derivation of a decision-support tool
Authors: Griggs J. E. , Lyon R. M. , Sherriff M. , Barrett J. W. , Wareham G. , ter Avest E. ,   Air Ambulance Charity Kent Surrey Sussex
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Pre-hospital emergency medical teams can transfuse blood products to patients with suspected major traumatic haemorrhage. Common transfusion triggers based on physiological parameters have several disadvantages and are largely unvalidated in guiding pre-hospital transfusion. The addition of pre-hospital lactate (P-LACT) may overcome these challenges. To date, the clinical utility of P-LACT to guide pre-hospital blood transfusion is unclear.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients with suspected major traumatic haemorrhage attended by Air Ambulance Charity Kent Surrey Sussex (KSS) between 8 July 2017 and 31 December 2019. The primary endpoint was the accuracy of P-LACT to predict the requirement for any in-hospital (continued) transfusion of blood product.

Results
During the study period, 306 patients with suspected major traumatic haemorrhage were attended by KSS. P-LACT was obtained in 194 patients. In the cohort 103 (34%) patients were declared Code Red. A pre-hospital transfusion was commenced in 124 patients (41%) and in-hospital transfusion was continued in 100 (81%) of these patients, in 24 (19%) patients it was ceased. Predictive probabilities of various lactate cut-off points for requirement of in-hospital transfusion are documented. The highest overall proportion correctly classified patients were found for a P-LACT cut-point of 5.4 mmol/L (76.50% correctly classified). Based on the calculated predictive probabilities, optimal cut-off points were derived for both the exclusion- and inclusion of the need for in-hospital transfusion. A P-LACT < 2.5 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 80.28% and a negative likelihood ratio [LR−] of 0.37 for the prediction of in-hospital transfusion requirement, whereas a P-LACT of 6.0 mmol/L had a specificity of 99.22%, [LR−] = 0.78.

Conclusion
Pre-hospital lactate measurements can be used to predict the need for (continued) in-hospital blood products in addition to current physiological parameters. A simple decision support tool derived in this study can help the clinician interpret pre-hospital lactate results and guide pre-hospital interventions in the major trauma patient.
Ultrasound imaging of bone fractures
Authors: Cocco Giulio , Ricci Vincenzo , Villani Michela , Delli Pizzi Andrea , Izzi Jacopo , Mastandrea Marco , Boccatonda Andrea , Naňka Ondřej , Corvino Antonio , Caulo Massimo , Vecchiet Jacopo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUltrasound imaging is widely used to evaluate the neuromusculoskeletal system, and recently, a particular interest is mounting in assessing the bone tissue and fractures. Ultrasound can be considered a valuable diagnostic tool to perform a first-line evaluation of bone tissue, especially in particular settings without direct access to X-ray imaging and/or in emergency conditions. Moreover, different healing phases of bone fractures can be accurately assessed by combining the B-mode modality and (high-sensitive) color/power Doppler optimizing the management of patients—e.g., planning of progressive loads and rehabilitation procedures. In this review, we summarized the role of ultrasound imaging in the management of bone fractures and described the most common sonographic signs encountered in the daily practice by assessing different types of bone fractures and the progressive phases of the healing process.
An algorithm to classify homologous series within compound datasets
Authors: Lai Adelene , Schaub Jonas , Steinbeck Christoph , Schymanski Emma L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHomologous series are groups of related compounds that share the same core structure attached to a motif that repeats to different degrees. Compounds forming homologous series are of interest in multiple domains, including natural products, environmental chemistry, and drug design. However, many homologous compounds remain unannotated as such in compound datasets, which poses obstacles to understanding chemical diversity and their analytical identification via database matching. To overcome these challenges, an algorithm to detect homologous series within compound datasets was developed and implemented using the RDKit. The algorithm takes a list of molecules as SMILES strings and a monomer (i.e., repeating unit) encoded as SMARTS as its main inputs. In an iterative process, substructure matching of repeating units, molecule fragmentation, and core detection lead to homologous series classification through grouping of identical cores. Three open compound datasets from environmental chemistry (NORMAN Suspect List Exchange, NORMAN-SLE), exposomics (PubChemLite for Exposomics), and natural products (the COlleCtion of Open NatUral producTs, COCONUT) were subject to homologous series classification using the algorithm. Over 2000, 12,000, and 5000 series with CH2 repeating units were classified in the NORMAN-SLE, PubChemLite, and COCONUT respectively. Validation of classified series was performed using published homologous series and structure categories, including a comparison with a similar existing method for categorising PFAS compounds. The OngLai algorithm and its implementation for classifying homologues are openly available at: https://github.com/adelenelai/onglai-classify-homologues.
Causal Association Between Obesity, Circulating Glutamine Levels, and Depression: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: He Ruixin , Zheng Ruizhi , Zheng Jie , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Xu Yu , Wang Weiqing , Xu Min , Bi Yufang , Ning Guang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContextObservational studies indicated obesity and glutamatergic dysfunction as potential risk factors of depression, and reported disturbance of glutamine metabolism in obese state. However, it remains unclear whether the interrelationships between obesity, glutamine, and depression are causal.ObjectiveWe conducted 2-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causalities between circulating glutamine levels, specific depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder (MDD), and body mass index (BMI).MethodsUnivariable MR, multivariable MR (MVMR), and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analyses were performed.ResultsGenetic downregulation of glutamine was causally associated with MDD, anhedonia, tiredness, and depressed mood at the false discovery rate (FDR)-controlled significance level (estimate, −0.036 ∼ −0.013; P = .005 to P = .050). Elevated BMI was causally linked to lower glutamine level (estimate, –0.103; P = .037), as well as more severe depressed mood, tiredness, and anhedonia (estimate, 0.017 ∼ 0.050; P &lt; .001 to P = .040). In MVMR analysis, BMI was causally related to depressed mood dependently of glutamine levels. Conversely, it showed limited evidence supporting causal effects of depression on glutamine levels or BMI, except a causal association of tiredness with elevated BMI (estimate, 0.309; P = .003). LDSR estimates were directionally consistent with MR results.ConclusionThe present study reported that higher BMI was causally associated with lower glutamine levels. Both obesity and downregulation of glutamine were causally linked to depression.
Synthesis and physical characteristics of narrow bandgap chalcogenide SnZrSe3
Authors: Kondrotas Rokas , Juškėnas Remigijus , Krotkus Arūnas , Pakštas Vidas , Suchodolskis Artūras , Mekys Algirdas , Franckevičius Marius , Talaikis Martynas , Muska Katri , Li Xiaofeng , Kauk-Kuusik Marit , Kravtsov Victor 
Published: December 2022

Background: The development of organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites has seen unprecedent growth since their first recognition for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, their thermodynamic stability and toxicity remains a challenge considering wide-scale deployment in the future. This spurred an interest in search of perovskite-inspired materials which are expected to retain the advantageous material characteristics of halide perovskites, but with high thermodynamic stability and composed of earth-abundant and low toxicity elements. ABX3 chalcogenides (A, B=metals, X=Se, S) have been identified as potential class of materials meeting the aforementioned criteria. Methods: In this work, we focus on studying tin zirconium selenide (SnZrSe3) relevant physical properties with an aim to evaluate its prospects for application in optoelectronics. SnZrSe3 powder and monocrystals were synthesized via solid state reaction in 600 – 750 °C temperature range. Crystalline structure was determined using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods. The bandgap was estimated from diffused reflectance measurements on powder samples and electrical properties of crystals were analysed from temperature dependent I-V measurements. Results: We found that SnZrSe3 crystals have a needle-like structure (space group – Pnma) with following unit cell parameters: a=9.5862(4) Å, b=3.84427(10) Å, c=14.3959(5) Å. The origin of the low symmetry crystalline structure was associated with stereochemical active electron lone pair of Sn cation. Estimated bandgap was around 1.15 eV which was higher than measured previously and predicted theoretically. Additionally, it was found that resistivity and conductivity type depended on the compound chemical composition. Conclusions: Absorption edge in the infrared region and bipolar dopability makes SnZrSe3 an interesting material candidate for application in earth-abundant and non-toxic single/multi-junction solar cells or other infrared based optoelectronic devices.
Extremely long nanojet formation from a ballpoint photonic pen
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Ozek Ekin Asim , Abdul Basit , Shafaghi Ali Hosseinpour , Yapici Murat Kaya 
Published: December 2022

Certain microelements can facilitate light manipulation in the form of an intense electromagnetic beam known as a “photonic nanojet” (PNJ), which is an emerging candidate in the field of spectroscopy, nanolithography, and bio/chemical sensing. However, inherent limitations of the PNJs such as short jet length, focal point, and working length minimize their application areas. Herein, by considering readily available materials and technologies, we report a simple and physically realizable “photonic pen” (PP)-like microstructure to yield extremely long PNJs under plane-wave illumination. Essentially, by semi-immersing a sphere of certain diameter (acting as pen tip) in a barrel material with the width equal to and height 5 times the sphere diameter, a “ballpoint pen”-like microstructure is formed where illuminated light acts as the ink. Finite-difference time-domain analysis shows the use of low refractive index (RI) spherical tips (

n

=

1.48

) with 10 µm diameter, and a high RI SU-8 barrel (

n

=

1.62

) creating a net index difference of

Δ

n

=

0.14

to effectively form PNJs with extremely long jet length, working distance, and full width at half-maximum of over

330

λ

(121.6 µm),

319.45

λ

(116.6 µm), and

4.22

λ

(1.54 µm) respectively, and a figure of merit of

∼

155

in water environment.

S
i
O

2

/

SU-

8

PPs show over

∼

3

times longer jet length than previous studies. We show that such

SU-

8

/

SiO

2

PPs with extremely long PNJs can act as epidermal photonic imagers to scan biological tissues such as trilayer human skin to detect melanoma (skin cancer), both in contact and in noncontact mode with efficiency enhancement reaching

∼

45

%

compared to plain microspheres without barrels.
Assessing the relationship between domestic work experience and musculoskeletal health among rural Nigerian women
Authors: Osinuga Abisola , Fethke Nathan B. , Story William T. , Ibitoye Segun E. , Baker Kelly K. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Women performing strenuous domestic tasks (especially those in developing countries) are at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal pain (MSP). Physical, psychosocial, and social conditions of work in rural environments contribute to women’s domestic work experiences (DWEs) and the risk of MSP. The impact of DWEs on women’s health is especially severe in water-insecure countries like Nigeria. This study examines the relationship between a recently developed measure of DWEs and self-reported pain in the lower back (LBP), neck/shoulder (NSP), and elbow/hand/wrist regions (EHWP) among rural Nigerian women.

Methods
Interviewer-administered survey data were collected from 356 women in four rural communities of Ibadan, Nigeria. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between DWE factor scores, sociodemographic characteristics, and musculoskeletal pain symptoms and severity after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Effect estimates of association were presented using the odds ratio (OR), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) at p-value of 0.05.

Findings
Among 356 participants, the 2-month prevalence of LBP was 58%, NSP was 30%, and EWHP 30%. High DWE scores were significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing and having more severe LBP, NSP, and EHWP. Specifically, the odds of LBP [(OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.64–5.11), NSP (OR = 4.58; 95% CI = 2.29–9.40) and EHWP (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.26–3.77)] were significantly higher among women who perceived their domestic work responsibilities as very stressful (i.e., ‘high stress appraisal’) compared to those with lower stress appraisal scores. Those who were time-pressured and had less autonomy over familial duties (i.e., ‘high demand/low control’) had significantly higher odds of LBP [(OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.64–4.09) and NSP (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.24–2.58)]. Frequently fetching and carrying water over long distances and time (i.e., ‘high water sourcing and carriage’) was also associated with higher odds of LBP [(OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.09–1.79) and NSP (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.08–1.76).

Conclusion
Strenuous and stressful DWEs were associated with MSP among rural Nigerian women. This study provides new evidence on how the physical, social, and psychosocial factors of domestic work can increase women’s risk of MSP.
Catastrophic health expenditure on chronic non-communicable diseases among elder population: A cross-sectional study from a sub-metropolitan city of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Rai Sangita , Gautam Swotantra , Yadav Gopal Kumar , Niraula Surya Raj , Singh Suman Bahadur , Rai Rajan , Poudel Sagar , Sah Ram Bilakshan 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
This study was conducted with the objective to analyze the out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure and catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) on chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) among the elderly population, and the association of CHE on CNCD with associated factors among the same population.

Materials and methods
We collected data from the elderly population of Dharan Sub-metropolitan city of the Eastern Nepal via door-to-door survey and face-to-face interview. The ten wards out of twenty were chosen by lottery method, and the equal proportion out of 280 samples was purposively chosen from each of ten wards (28 participants from each selected ward). The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 v16.0 and statistical analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences, IBM SPSS® v21. The chi-square test was used to test the group differences. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent factors associated with CHE (all variables with P < 0.20), and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The median household, food and health expenditures were 95325 (72112.50–126262.50), 45000 (33000–60000) and 2100 (885.00–6107.50) NPR respectively. The proportion of the participants with CHE was 14.6%. The single living participants had 3.4 times higher odds of catastrophic health expenditure (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2–9.6, P-value = 0.022) than those who are married. Similarly, those who had cancer had 0.1 times lower odds of CHE (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.0–0.2, P-value = <0.001) than those without cancer.

Conclusion
The elder population had significant financial health shocks due to chronic health ailments. There should be the provision of mandatory health insurance programmes for elderly to cut down the catastrophic healthcare expenditure. Similarly, there should be the provision of exemption scheme for vulnerable elderly who are more likely to face catastrophic expenditure from all available health facilities.
Educação Ambiental e as Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação
Authors: Rodrigues Gelze Serrat Souza Campos , Colesanti Marlene Teresinha Muno 
Published: December 2022

Nos últimos vinte anos o desenvolvimento das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, bem como a ampliação de seus usos têm criado enormes expectativas e possibilidades na educação escolar. Em relação à Educação Ambiental, o uso das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação representa um avanço no Ensino Formal, já que a integração da informática e dos multimeios propiciam a sensibilização e o conhecimento de ambientes diferenciados e dos seus problemas intrínsecos, por parte dos alunos, por mais distantes espacialmente que eles estejam. A partir da concepção de uma Educação Ambiental vinculada à pedagogia da complexidade, esse artigo procura discutir a potencialidade do uso dos princípios da Educação Ambiental no suporte digital por meio do uso de imagens, textos e sons, implementados pela hipermídia, tecnologia não sequencial, cujas informações são acessadas de modo associativo.
The Reform for Secured Transactions Regime with the Doing Business Indicator: A Case of Laos
Authors: Irie Katsunori 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, intervened to recommend strongly that Laos adopt a system of computerized registration of secured transactions for movable assets into a new Civil Code. Central to the IFC’s preference for its digital system was the assertion that it would immediately raise Laos’ ranking in the Doing Business indicator prepared by the World Bank Group. A higher ranking would, in turn, significantly increase the amount of inward foreign investment in Laos. This article examines the issues raised by the IFC’s involvement in two categories. The first part focuses on concerns about the substance of the IFC’s interventions, namely the fact that the IFC paid little attention to Lao legal tradition, implementation, and social reality. The second part focuses on the reform process and the fact that the IFC placed undue pressure on the government to adopt its favored approach.
The crystal structure of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-cycloheptylurea, C14H19BrN2O
Authors: Gao Kai , Zha Su-E. , Liu Chang-Ying , Wang Qiao-Juan , Wang Er-Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C14H19BrN2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.9782(8) Å, b = 9.1447(6) Å, c = 11.8842(8) Å, β = 98.214(6)°, V = 1395.97(16) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0637, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1876, T = 293 K.