bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Baby Box scheme in Scotland: A study of public attitudes and social value
Authors: Skea Zoë , Kostrzewa Agata , Locock Louise , Black Mairead , Morgan Heather M. , Ryan Mandy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Scottish Government introduced a free Baby Box scheme for all new parents in 2017, modelled on the Finnish scheme, to give every baby ‘an equal start in life’. There is little evidence that it results in better health outcomes, but there has been limited research into different perspectives and discourses on such schemes.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted with 21 parents in North‐East Scotland. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, anonymized and analysed thematically with NVivo 12 software. Our thematic analysis was both inductive and deductive—remaining open to themes identified by participants themselves but also informed by the social policy literature on universalism and social cohesion.ResultsAcross all the focus groups, we found a high degree of positivity about the principle of the Baby Box scheme, and for the most part the practical value of the contents. This was remarkably consistent across different communities and backgrounds. There was little evidence of the strongly polarized views present in media reporting. Parents seemed considerably less focused than the media on safety and health outcomes, and more focused on practical, material and social impacts. They reported little in the way of feeling patronized or monitored by the government.ConclusionOur findings have important implications for future economic evaluations of the baby box. Such evaluations should broaden the valuation space beyond health outcomes to allow for the value of feelings of inclusion, solidarity and being part of a community.Patient or Public ContributionThis small project was designed in response to parent views already collected in the early roll‐out of the Baby Box scheme in Scotland, about their priorities and responses to the scheme. Additional views were sought on the topic guide for the focus groups, and local community groups advised us on recruitment and the best timing and location for the focus groups to be held. The focus groups themselves were conducted as research, but with the intent of ensuring parent views featured more prominently in a debate that has been largely dominated by clinical and public health perspectives.
Polymer‐derived ceramics for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions
Authors: Guo Yanna , Sugahara Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) are being actively explored in various fields today because of their unique physiochemical properties. Very recent advances in the use of PDCs in energy storage technologies (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors) have motivated researchers to explore the possibilities of PDCs as electrocatalysts for use in energy conversion reactions. Impressively, the tunable functional properties, especially the electrical properties, of PDCs have helped to break through this “bottleneck” and enabled them to become promising materials for use in electrocatalytic conversion. This review presents an in‐time summary of the progress in the development of PDCs for electrochemical energy conversion. First, a general introduction to the preparation of PDCs is provided. Later, the factors (e.g., chemical stability, electron conductivity) most closely related to electrocatalytic performance are discussed. Specifically, the parameters that affect the electron conductivity of PDCs are enumerated to delve into advanced strategies for achieving effective electrocatalysts. The relevant electrocatalytic conversion reactions (e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction) and utilization of PDCs in these reactions are also comprehensively introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities for PDC materials in the field of electrochemical energy conversion are summarized.
Peer interaction, mediation, and a view of teachers as creators of learner L2 development
Authors: Poehner Matthew E. , Leontjev Dmitri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSLA researchers in a variety of theoretical traditions have argued that interaction is essential to supporting learner L2 (second/foreign language) development. While L2 research informed by sociocultural theory has generally examined either peer‐to‐peer or teacher–learner interactions, the present study investigated how these may function together to form a mediating classroom environment. Drawing on examples from a collaborative project with a university teacher of L2 Japanese writing, we illustrate that while the quality of peer interactions may differ from teacher mediation, learner collaborative efforts allow them opportunities to collectively uncover partial understanding and synthesize their knowledge, positioning them to benefit from subsequent interactions with the teacher while also helping orient the teacher to areas of learner difficulty.
Feasibility of 24‐h urine creatinine clearance as a renal function monitoring tool in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Shin Ji Cheol , Ahn Kwang Ho , Cho Kye Hee , Cho Su Hyun , IM Sang Hee 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveRenal dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). A 24‐h urine creatinine (Cr) clearance (24‐h urine CCr) is cost‐effective and easy to implement compared to renal scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal function. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of 24‐h urine CCr in the SCI population by assessing the correlation with effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) on renal scintigraphy.MethodsData from 245 SCI patients (189 males, mean age: 50.2 years) were used in this retrospective review. Clinical characteristics, 24‐h urine CCr, serum Cr, comorbidities, and body composition analyses were assessed for correlation with laboratory parameters including renal scintigraphy. Strong predictors of ERPF were determined by multivariate linear regression analysis. Areas under receiver‐operating characteristic curves were calculated to evaluate the discriminating power of 24‐h urine CCr to predict ERPF <250 ml/min.ResultsSpinal cord injury patients showed tubular dysfunction despite normal serum Cr and 24‐h urine CCr. There was a significant correlation between 24‐h urine CCr and ERPF, and 24‐h urine CCr was one of the strongest predictors for ERPF (area under the curve 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.80, p < 0.000) among other parameters such as age, appendicular lean mass index, and body mass index. 24‐h urine CCr was an independent predictor of ERPF in subacute (R2 = 0.497, p < 0.001) and chronic SCI patients (R2 = 0.664, p < 0.0001). The optimized 24‐h urine CCr cut‐off was 139.4 ml/min/1.72 m2 for predicting decreased ERPF <250 ml/min (sensitivity 67.6% and specificity 64.0%).Conclusion24‐h urine CCr is a sensitive indicator for renal function deterioration of SCI patients. Further longitudinal studies with larger numbers of SCI patients are needed to confirm the feasibility of 24‐h urine CCr for monitoring this population.
Phase I/II study of multipeptide cancer vaccine IMA901 after single‐dose cyclophosphamide in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell cancer with long‐term follow up
Authors: Hongo Fumiya , Ueda Takashi , Takaha Natsuki , Tamada Satoshi , Nakatani Tatsuya , Miki Tsuneharu , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIMA901 is the first therapeutic vaccine for renal cell cancer (RCC). It contains multiple tumor‐associated peptides (TUMAPs) that are naturally present in human cancers.MethodsIn a phase I/II study, we treated a total of 10 Japanese patients with advanced RCC who were human leukocyte antigen A (HLA‐A)*02 +. Vaccination involved i.d. injection of GM‐CSF (75 μg), followed within 15–30 min by i.d. injection of IMA901 (containing 413 μg of each peptide). No treatment with either anticancer agents or immunosuppressants was allowed within 4 weeks before entering the trial. Patients were scheduled to receive 7 vaccinations during the first 5 weeks of treatment (induction period), followed by 10 further vaccinations at 3‐week intervals for up to 30 weeks (maintenance period). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, while the secondary endpoints were PFS, OS, and immunogenicity.ResultsThere were no treatment‐related serious adverse events or deaths during the study period. When the response was assessed after 4 months, 10% of patients showed a partial response, 80% had stable disease, and 10% had progressive disease. Among patients in whom the T‐cell response was analyzed, five patients showed a vaccine‐induced T‐cell response against at least one HLA class I‐restricted TUMAP and two patients had T‐cell responses to multiple TUMAPs. PFS was 5.5 months and OS was 18 months.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of IMA901 vaccine in Japanese RCC patients, and also showed that vaccination elicited an immune response.
Differences in management of pregnant women with obstructing infected ureteral stones: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Ha Albert S. , Wang Connie , Haas Christopher , Miles Caleb , Katz Matthew , Shah Ojas 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesObstructing ureteral stones complicated by urinary tract infection are urologic emergencies that require prompt decompression. We explore the association of pregnancy with rates of and delays in decompression in a cohort of women of reproductive age.MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2015, a cross‐sectional, descriptive analysis of women of reproductive age (15 to 44 years old) diagnosed with obstructing ureteral stones and urinary tract infection was performed and stratified by pregnancy status. Survey‐weighted regression models were used to assess the association of pregnancy on decompression, delays in decompression, and hospital length of stay. Additional exploratory analyses on the association of timing and type of decompression with maternal‐fetal outcomes were performed.ResultsA weighted total of 38 783 hospitalizations were identified, with 6.1% of admissions occurring in pregnant women. On multivariable regression, pregnant women with obstructing ureteral stones and urinary tract infection were 38% less likely of undergoing decompression (adjusted OR: 0.62; p < 0.001) compared with nonpregnant women. Among those decompressed, pregnant women had greater odds of delayed decompression (adjusted OR: 2.28; p < 0.001) and longer length of stay (adjusted IRR: 1.11; p = 0.007). Delayed decompression among pregnant women was associated with increased rates of C‐section, early or threatened labor, fetal distress, and umbilical cord complications.ConclusionsOverall, pregnant women had reduced odds of decompression, as well as increased odds of delayed decompression, when compared with nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Delays in decompression among pregnant women were also associated with increased maternal and fetal complications.
Regulation through responsibilisation: Gendered exit policies and precarious migration from India and Sri Lanka
Authors: Joseph Jolin , Henderson Sophie , Withers Matt , Shivakoti Richa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGendered migration governance has emerged as a key modality through which South Asian countries mobilise and manage women migrant workers. This involves complex policy articulations encompassing the restriction, protection and promotion of migration. Through analysis of state discourse and stakeholder responses in India and Sri Lanka, we examine how policies of labour‐sending states co‐produce and compound migrant vulnerability by displacing responsibility for risk‐management onto individual migrants and intermediaries. We suggest that institutional constraints on women's exit coalesce with structural inequalities at the regional level to exacerbate precarity during the course of migration, reducing potential economic gains from migration while heightening individual risk. The paper concludes by identifying the need for gender‐responsive, evidence‐based policy frameworks to promote safe migration and provide inclusive local employment alternatives.
Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathies in the Hunter region: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cohen Adrienne W. S. , Vilayur Eswari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFibrillary (FGN) and immunotactoid (IT) glomerulonephritis are uncommon.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological correlations and outcomes of FGN and IT in our regional centre in Australia.MethodsWe interrogated a renal biopsy database for cases of FGN and IT from 2000 to 2020. Data included demographics, serum creatinine, haematuria status, proteinuria, comorbidities and histopathological findings.ResultsWe had 14 cases of FGN and t of IT. The mean presenting age was 59.8 years, and 42.9% were males. No patients with FGN had dysproteinaemia, whereas both patients with IT had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. At presentation, 75% of patients with FGN and both patients with IT had haematuria; all had proteinuria. Mean albumin‐creatinine ratio at presentation was 254 mg/mmol for FGN and 604 mg/mmol for IT. Mean presenting serum creatinine was 149 μmol/L for FGN and 95 μmol/L for IT. Four patients with FGN (28.6%) received immunomodulatory therapy.The prognosis of FGN was poor, with six patients (46.2%) reaching end‐stage kidney disease after a median of 42 months (range 1–96 months). All patients presenting with proteinuria <30 mg/mmol entered complete remission; patients with higher‐grade proteinuria exhibited progressive chronic kidney disease. Patients with IT had complete remission with treatment of underlying haematological disease.ConclusionFGN is rare, with poor response to immunomodulatory therapy. It carries poor renal prognosis. Less proteinuria at diagnosis may predict a more benign disease course. IT is associated with haematological malignancy and carries better prognosis and response to treatment.
Synthesis of mesoporous silica using a mineral silica source
Authors: Tillman Langston , Voskanyan Albert , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMesoporous silica has been applied in catalysis, separations, and drug delivery. It has generally been made using organosilicon precursors such as tetraethyl orthosilicate. For sustainability, it is necessary to find readily accessible mineral sources for making mesoporous silica. In this work, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of mesoporous silica with 10 nm average pore size using the mineral forsterite (Mg2SiO4) as a silica source, providing a potentially cheaper and more Earth‐friendly route to making technologically important porous silica materials. Pure forsterite was synthesized by a solid‐state chemistry route at 1000°C and underwent dissolution–reprecipitation in aqueous hydrochloric acid containing the soft template surfactant, Pluronic P123. Variations of initial reaction pH (−0.2 to 0.6), reaction time (12–24 h), reaction temperature (50 to 90°C), and silica precursor (forsterite and fumed silica) were performed. The mesoporous silica aged at 70°C for 24 h had the highest porosity, with a surface area of 735 m2/g and a pore volume of 1.4 ml/g, comparable to mesoporous silica made using conventional starting materials. This novel geomimetic synthesis route supports the possibility of analogous formation of structured (mesoporous or zeolitic) silica in nature under abiotic or prebiotic conditions.
Testing the dopamine overdose hypothesis in action control: A study in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ruitenberg Marit F. L. , Abrahamse Elger L. , Santens Patrick , Notebaert Wim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrior work on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has shown that the administration of dopaminergic medication in the early to intermediate stages of PD benefits (motor) functions associated with the dopamine‐depleted dorsal striatal circuitry but may ‘overdose’ and interfere with (cognitive) functions associated with the relatively intact ventral striatal circuitry. The present study aimed to elucidate this so‐called dopamine overdose hypothesis for the action control domain. Using a within‐subject design in a sample of 13 people with PD, we evaluated the effect of dopaminergic medication on two cognitive processes underlying goal‐directed behaviour, namely action selection and initiation through event binding and conflict adaptation. We also investigated whether individual differences in the magnitude of medication effects were associated across these processes. Results showed no indications that dopaminergic medication affects action selection and initiation or conflict adaptation in PD patients. Additionally, we observed no correlations between both cognitive processes nor between individual differences in medication effects. Our findings do not support the notion that dopaminergic medication modulates action control processes, suggesting that the dopamine overdose hypothesis may only apply to a specific set of cognitive processes and should potentially be refined.
Negative Incentives and Regulatory Capture: Noncompliance with Price Ceilings on Essential Medicines in India
Authors: Benischke Mirko H. , Bhaskarabhatla Ajay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonmarket scholars have paid limited attention to noncompliance as an alternative strategy to capture regulators; yet noncompliance is particularly consequential given its potentially significant negative externalities. We exploit rich data on price ceilings introduced in India in 2013 on 255 essential medicines to test whether noncompliance by other firms drives the focal firm's noncompliance decision. Our results indicate that noncompliance by other firms, particularly those with larger products in the market, is positively associated with a focal firm's noncompliance. The focal firm's scope and sales positively moderate this relationship. Overall, our study indicates that firms are more likely conclude that the potential benefits of regulatory capture using negative incentives outweigh the potential financial and social costs in the presence of a greater number of firms that are already noncompliant. As such, our study draws attention to negative incentives as an important yet largely overlooked nonmarket strategy.
Severe maternal–fetal pathological damage and inflammatory responses contribute to miscarriage caused by hepatitis E viral infection during pregnancy
Authors: Xia Yueping , Yang Weimin , Li Yi , Qian Zhongyao , Chen Shuangfeng , Zhang Yike , Cong Chao , Li Tengyuan , Liu Huichan , Chen Dongxue , Zhao Wanqiu , Zhong Guo , Wei Daqiao , Yu Wenhai , Huang Fen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes serious adverse pregnancy outcomes during pregnancy. However, the maternal and fetal damage induced by HEV infection is rarely reported.MethodsA BALB/c pregnant mouse model was established to explore the maternal and fetal pathological damage and inflammatory responses caused by HEV infection.ResultsNotably, miscarriages and stillbirths were observed in HEV‐infected pregnant mice. HEV infections were identified by qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence assay in the uterus, placenta, umbilical cords and livers and brains of fetuses. Serious inflammatory responses and pathological damage were triggered in the uterus and placenta of HEV‐infected pregnant mice. Vertical transmission of HEV resulted in severe pathological damage and inflammatory responses in the livers and brains of fetuses, as well as emerging apoptosis cells in the brains of fetuses. Most of the cytokines/chemokines in the sera were significantly increased in the HEV‐infected pregnant mice. Remarkably, cytokines/chemokines were significantly different between HEV‐infected pregnant and miscarriage mice; IL9, GM‐CSF and IL1α were the most important three cytokines/chemokines in determining the pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionHEV infections cause serious maternal/fetal pathological damage, inflammatory responses and apoptosis, which may be responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Anarchists and national identity: The case of German radicals in the United States and Brazil, 1880–1945
Authors: Goyens Tom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow German were German anarchists in the United States and Brazil? Did the experience of exile and immigration preserve or even heighten a national identity among radicals who openly espoused revolutionary internationalism? Anarchists distinguished between nation and nationality on the one hand, and the state and nationalism on the other. This article examines expressions of nationality by a handful of German anarchist editors and writers from the 1880s to the end of World War II. They wanted to be stateless, but not nationless. This article argues that German exile anarchists in the United States and Brazil expressed a militant, countercultural, antistatist and anticlerical nationality. They were ‘rooted cosmopolitans’: They identified with the international revolutionary tradition and at the same time remained attached to Germany's heritage of radical politics, arts and humanities. There was a remarkable consistency in their commentary levelled against Bismarck, the Kaiser, the Weimar government and the Nazis either in Germany or in the host country. Anarchists advocated for a borderless global federation of free communities and, to that end, rejected nationalism and urged people to stop ‘seeing like a state’ by exposing the false promises and crimes of statism.
October 2017 in Catalonia: The anarchists and the procés
Authors: Gutiérrez José A , Martí Font Jordi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe circumstances surrounding the call for a referendum on national independence in Catalonia in October 2017 led to high levels of collaboration between two, at first sight, unlikely partners: anarchists and Catalan independentists. Unlikely as this alliance may seem, it was well grounded on a number of factors: first of all, in the State response to the independentist challenge—the massive repression and the blockading of institutional channels to process nationalist demands pushed both movements closer in opposition to the central government; and secondly, in the prolonged interactions (in specific regions and industries) and engagement in joint solidarity activities between anarchists and segments of the Catalan left who had been influenced by the bottom‐up approach of the indignados movement. Finally, this collaboration was also rooted on a long history of mutual engagement between anarchism and sectors of Catalan nationalism that, while not unproblematic, provided deep roots to this dialogue.