bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical analysis of an experimental database on residual flexural strengths of fiber reinforced concretes: Performance‐based equations
Authors: Galeote Eduardo , Picazo Álvaro , Alberti Marcos G. , de la Fuente Albert , Enfedaque Alejandro , Gálvez Jaime C. , Aguado Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe postcracking capacity of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) mainly depends on the content, material, and geometry of the fibers considered. Even though the general influence of these factors on FRC behavior has been extensively addressed, the uncertainty of the FRC performance prediction along with the variability of the results still poses a challenging issue that needs to be solved to encourage the use of FRC for design and construction purposes. In this line, a database including the results of the flexural residual strength obtained from different experimental programs combined with the results of previous studies has been gathered and analyzed herein to obtain general correlations and trends providing additional information about the influence of the fibers in FRC behavior, these meant to serve for initial design stages (e.g., make decisions on the type and amount of fibers based on technical and economical requirements). The results are analyzed distinguishing between the fiber material, the fiber shape, the aspect ratio and tensile strength. The results presented herein may provide valuable information on the initial prediction of the residual strength of FRC to fully take advantage of the mechanical properties of the material.
Evaluating the presence of domestic cat hepadnavirus viraemia in cats with biochemical alterations suggestive of liver disease
Authors: Scavone Donatella , Lauzi Stefania , Stranieri Angelica , Tramontano Giada , Ratti Gabriele , Paltrinieri Saverio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association between domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) infection and feline chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma has been suggested. However, studies focused on the association between DCH infection and clinicopathological changes consistent with liver disease in cats are not available.MethodsThis retrospective investigation included sera obtained from 96 cats that had the serum activity of at least alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase measured during initial diagnostic work‐up. Based on these haematobiochemical results, cats were categorised according to their likelihood of having liver disease (absent, low, intermediate or high). DCH DNA was detected using real‐time PCR, nested PCR and sequencing.ResultsOverall, potential liver damage was observed in 44 cats, including cats with low (n = 14), intermediate (n = 10) and high (n = 20) likelihood of liver disease. Four cats (4.2%) were DCH‐positive, with three positive cats belonging to the liver disease group (two with low and one with intermediate likelihood of liver disease).ConclusionsAlthough the pathogenic potential of DCH in cats still has to be clarified, these results suggest that DCH testing should not be based only on the presence of biochemical changes potentially consistent with liver disease.
Data Science-Based Battery Manufacturing Management
Authors: Liu Kailong , Wang Yujie , Lai Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the data science technologies for battery manufacturing management, which is a key process in the early lifespan of battery. As a complicated and long process, the battery manufacturing line generally consists of numerous intermediate stages involving strongly coupled interdependency, which would directly determine the performance of the manufactured battery. In this context, the in-depth exploration and management of different manufacturing parameters, variables, their correlation as well as effect towards the resulted property of manufactured intermediate products or final battery performance is crucial but still remains a difficult challenge. Recent advancements in data-driven analytic and related machine learning strategies raised interest in data science methods to perform effective and reasonable management of battery manufacturing.
Introduction: Context of the Book
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOn January 30, 2020, India reported the first case of COVID-19 in Kerala. The index case was identified as a student returning from Wuhan. As of February 3, 2020, a total of three cases were confirmed in Kerala. However, after a month the number of cases in the country increased dramatically. On March 14, 2020, India reported its first two COVID-19-related deaths. India’s case fatality ratio remained constant at 3.2 percent until June 9, 2020, when it dropped to 2.8 percent. On March 11, 2020, when WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, Indian authorities banned visas and non-essential travel from affected countries. Subsequently, all international passengers returning to India were required to go through a screening test.On March 25, 2020, the Government of India imposed a sudden complete national lockdown for 21 days. After imposition of the lockdown, the government released several guidelines on protection measures such as making wearing face masks compulsory in public places, social distancing, and avoiding mass gatherings.As on February 5, 2020, India had a testing capacity of only 11 laboratories for testing for COVID-19. But by June 12, 2020, it had ramped up its capacity to 885 laboratories that conducted more than 125 tests a day. However, India conducts remarkably fewer tests as compared to other countries.After detecting the first case of COVID-19 on January 30, 2020, India experienced a delayed growth in its test count. Subsequently, however, India recorded a constantly increasing daily incidence rate. By December 30, 2020, the number of cases in India was recorded at 10.2 million. The authors provide a preview of all the chapters in the book.
‘I Just Want to Go Home’: What the Lockdown Meant for India’s Inter-state Migrant Workers
Authors: Philo Magdalene A. , Pathak Drishya , Mittal Komal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors provide a commentary on the inter-state migrant exodus that took place after the government imposed the national lockdown to control the transmission of COVID-19 infection. The lives of the inter-state migrant workers were seriously disrupted when the national lockdown was imposed. The authors bring into focus the inequalities of our times that resulted in serious human right violations. Migrant laborers were the hardest hit during the pandemic. Migrants and their families were pushed to starvation, deprivation, and destitution. The authors study this problem from a rights-based perspective.The unprecedented lockdown resulted in a migrant frenzy. Millions of inter-state migrants, stripped of their livelihood, were forced to flood the roads across the country in the last desperate bid to return home to their villages. Many chose to walk for weeks and weeks covering thousands of miles in their desperation to get home.The authors discuss the horror that migrants faced as they went through their journey. The nightmare that ensued was a severe violation of human rights. Bedraggled, starved, and exhausted, the exploitation and hardship that they endured along with their families continued over time.The migrant crisis not only hit the headlines in India but also drew the attention of world media.
‘Go Hard, Go Early’: New Zealand’s COVID-19 Elimination Strategy
Authors: Rajan Rashmi Pachauri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe author describes how New Zealand successfully eliminated the virus. ‘Go ahead, Go early’ was New Zealand’s moto. Strict border controls and high compliance with lockdown measures proved to be effective in controlling the pandemic.New Zealand’s official campaign ‘Unite Against COVID-19’, was later changed to ‘Unite for Recovery’ as the focus shifted from elimination to recovery. It has now changed back to ‘Unite for Recovery’ and this will remain until the international threat of COVID-19 is eliminated.The strategy was guided by science and data. The government relied on public health advice and evolving evidence. And, of course, leadership played a crucial role. The Prime Minister was resolute, confident, and pragmatic. The messages she re-iterated at the daily press conferences became catch phrases. Discipline came to the fore. People did not complain. They did not protest. They simply followed the rules, placing utmost trust in their government and its clear communications. Trust in political leaders and health experts was the key reason for the success of the program. And kindness was the Mantra!Amid the gloom and doom that our world is currently battling, God was spotted in New Zealand. Someone asked God ‘What are you doing?’ ‘Working from home, Bro’.
Learnings from Asia
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors draw learnings from Asia by examining the strategies employed by governments in countries that have successfully contained the pandemic. They study the policies and strategies implemented in Taiwan, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, East Timor, and Mongolia, countries that successfully countered the ravages of COVID-19.The experience of these countries demonstrates the importance of strong leadership in mitigating the pandemic by harnessing the power of rapid response, evidence-based approaches, transparent communication, and partnerships in building a sustainable and successful pandemic response. The leaders of these countries acted decisively in the COVID-19 response with a whole of government approach. The presence of robust public health systems along with national institutions that can act swiftly to prevent the spread of infection was an essential prerequisite for containing the pandemic. The process of enforcing top-down programs was shifted to a multi-stakeholder, participatory approach. Strong and compassionate leadership was undoubtedly the defining trait of nations to navigate time-sensitive issues in today’s pandemic era. Their experiences showed that policies that addressed equity issues and were compatible with the cultural context had a more enduring impact. In countries, where large numbers of infections are still being reported, it is time that leaders acknowledge the importance of acting rapidly on the best available evidence, with transparency and responsibility that is particularly critical in low-income, fragile settings.
Malnutrition and COVID-19 in India
Authors: Khandelwal Shweta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the world is battling the new coronavirus known as SARS-COV-2, public health and nutrition services in India are getting disrupted and derailed. It is pertinent not to overlook the existing gaps in our journey towards attaining the holistic sustainable development goals (SDGs). In fact, it is now well-established that comorbidities, especially malnutrition, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other respiratory or kidney problems exacerbate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 because of an already compromised immune system. The whole world is off track in achieving SDG 2, known as Zero Hunger, by 2030. At the current pace, approximately 17 countries including India will fail to even reach low hunger by 2030. India ranks 104 out of 117 countries as per the used metric, the global hunger index. Furthermore, these projections do not account for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may worsen hunger and undernutrition in the near term and affect countries’ trajectories into the future.The author underscores the serious adverse impacts of COVID-19 on public health, nutrition, and food security in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Estimates show that 135 million persons were hungry before the pandemic. By the end of 2020, the number will likely increase to 265 million. India carries a heavy burden of multiple forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, hunger, micronutrient deficiencies as well as overweight, and obesity. India’s public health and nutritional policies must urgently address these problems. Measures taken by the government during the pandemic to counter its negative impact on the nutrition of women, children, migrant labor, and other vulnerable populations are enumerated. The response of the international community to tackle COVID-19 related nutritional challenges and India’s policy measures for ensuring nutrition and food security are discussed.
Non-perturbative thermal QCD at all temperatures: the case of mesonic screening masses
Authors: Dalla Brida Mattia , Giusti Leonardo , Harris Tim , Laudicina Davide , Pepe Michele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a strategy based on the step-scaling technique to study non-perturbatively thermal QCD up to very high temperatures. As a first concrete application, we compute the flavour non-singlet meson screening masses at 12 temperatures covering the range from T ∼ 1 GeV up to ∼ 160 GeV in the theory with three massless quarks. The calculation is carried out by Monte Carlo simulations on the lattice by considering large spatial extensions in order to have negligible finite volume effects. For each temperature we have simulated 3 or 4 values of the lattice spacing, so as to perform the continuum limit extrapolation with confidence at a few permille accuracy. Chiral symmetry restoration manifests itself in our results through the degeneracy of the vector and the axial vector channels and of the scalar and the pseudoscalar ones. In the entire range of temperatures explored, the meson screening masses deviate from the free theory result, 2πT, by at most a few percent. These deviations, however, cannot be explained by the known leading term in the QCD coupling constant g up to the highest temperature, where other contributions are still very relevant. In particular the vector-pseudoscalar mass splitting turns out to be of O(g4) in the entire range explored, and it remains clearly visible up to the highest temperature, where the two screening masses are still significantly different within our numerical precision. The pattern of different contributions that we have found explains why it has been difficult in the past to match non-perturbative lattice results at T ∼ 1 GeV with the analytic behaviour at asymptotically high temperatures.
Exploring the θ-vacuum structure in the functional renormalization group approach
Authors: Fukushima Kenji , Shimazaki Takuya , Tanizaki Yuya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the θ-vacuum structure and the ’t Hooft anomaly at θ = π in a simple quantum mechanical system on S1 to scrutinize the applicability of the functional renormalization group (fRG) approach. Even though the fRG is an exact formulation, a naive application of the fRG equation would miss contributions from the θ term due to the differential nature of the formulation. We first review this quantum mechanical system on S1 that is solvable with both the path integral and the canonical quantization. We discuss how to construct the quantum effective action including the θ dependence. Such an explicit calculation poses a subtle question of whether a Legendre transform is well defined or not for general systems with the sign problem. We then consider a deformed theory to relax the integral winding by introducing a wine-bottle potential with the finite depth ∝ g, so that the original S1 theory is recovered in the g → ∞ limit. We numerically solve the energy spectrum in the deformed theory as a function of g and θ in the canonical quantization. We test the efficacy of the simplest local potential approximation (LPA) in the fRG approach and find that the correct behavior of the ground state energy is well reproduced for small θ. When the energy level crossing is approached, the LPA flow breaks down and fails in describing the ground state degeneracy expected from the ’t Hooft anomaly. We finally turn back to the original theory and discuss an alternative formulation using the Villain lattice action. The analysis with the Villain lattice at θ = π indicates that the nonlocality of the effective action is crucial to capture the level crossing behavior of the ground states.
A Combinatorial Translation Principle and Diagram Combinatorics for the Symplectic Group
Authors: Li Henry , Tange Rudolf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLet k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 2. We compute the Weyl filtration multiplicities in indecomposable tilting modules and the decomposition numbers for the symplectic group over k in terms of cap-curl diagrams under the assumption that p is bigger than the greatest hook length in the largest partition involved. As a corollary we obtain the decomposition numbers for the Brauer algebra under the same assumptions. Our work combines ideas from work of Cox and De Visscher and work of Shalile with techniques from the representation theory of reductive groups.
Prediction of complications and surgery duration in primary TKA with high accuracy using machine learning with arthroplasty-specific data
Authors: Hinterwimmer Florian , Lazic Igor , Langer Severin , Suren Christian , Charitou Fiona , Hirschmann Michael T. , Matziolis Georg , Seidl Fritz , Pohlig Florian , Rueckert Daniel , Burgkart Rainer , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The number of primary total knee arthroplasties (TKA) is expected to rise constantly. For patients and healthcare providers, the early identification of risk factors therefore becomes increasingly fundamental in the context of precision medicine. Others have already investigated the detection of risk factors by conducting literature reviews and applying conventional statistical methods. Since the prediction of events has been moderately accurate, a more comprehensive approach is needed. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have had ample success in many disciplines. However, these methods have not yet had a significant impact in orthopaedic research. The selection of a data source as well as the inclusion of relevant parameters is of utmost importance in this context. In this study, a standardized approach for ML in TKA to predict complications during surgery and an irregular surgery duration using data from two German arthroplasty-specific registries was evaluated.

Methods
The dataset is based on two initiatives of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery. A problem statement and initial parameters were defined. After screening, cleaning and preparation of these datasets, 864 cases of primary TKA (2016–2019) were gathered. The XGBoost algorithm was chosen and applied with a hyperparameter search, a cross validation and a loss weighting to cope with class imbalance. For final evaluation, several metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUC) were calculated.

Results
An accuracy of 92.0%, sensitivity of 34.8%, specificity of 95.8%, and AUC of 78.0% were achieved for predicting complications in primary TKA and 93.4%, 74.0%, 96.3%, and 91.6% for predicting irregular surgery duration, respectively. While traditional statistics (correlation coefficient) could not find any relevant correlation between any two parameters, the feature importance revealed several non-linear outcomes.

Conclusion
In this study, a feasible ML model to predict outcomes of primary TKA with very promising results was built. Complex correlations between parameters were detected, which could not be recognized by conventional statistical analysis. Arthroplasty-specific data were identified as relevant by the ML model and should be included in future clinical applications. Furthermore, an interdisciplinary interpretation as well as evaluation of the results by a data scientist and an orthopaedic surgeon are of paramount importance.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Age estimation for two Mediterranean populations: rib histomorphometry applied to forensic identification and bone remodelling research
Authors: García-Donas Julieta G. , Paine Robert R. , Bonicelli Andrea , Kranioti Elena F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence bone remodelling rates and have shown to affect the accuracy of histological aging methods. The present study investigates the rib cortex from two Mediterranean skeletal collections exploring the development of population-specific standards for histomorphometric age-at-death estimation. Eighty-eight standard ribs from two samples, Cretans and Greek-Cypriots, were processed histologically. Thirteen raw and composite histomorphometric parameters were assessed and observer error tested. The correlation between age and the parameters and the differences between sex and population subsamples were explored through group comparisons and analysis of covariance. General linear models assessed through data fit indicators and cross-validation were generated from the total dataset, and by sex and population subsamples. Most of the histological variables showed a statistically significant correlation with age with some differences observed by sex and by sample. From the twelve models generated, the optimal model for the whole sample included osteon population density (OPD), osteon perimeter, and osteon circularity producing an error of 10.71 years. When sex and samples were separated, the best model selected included OPD and osteon perimeter producing an error of 8.07 years for Greek-Cypriots. This research demonstrates the feasibility of quantitative bone histology to estimate age, obtaining errors rates in accordance with macroscopic ageing techniques. Sex and sample population differences need further investigation and inter-population variation in remodelling rates is suggested. Moreover, this study contributes to the creation of population-specific standards for Cretans and Greek-Cypriots.
Dual-action benefits: global (action-inherent) and local (transient) sources of action prepotency underlying inhibition failures in multiple action control
Authors: Kürten Jens , Raettig Tim , Gutzeit Julian , Huestegge Lynn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the simultaneous execution of two actions (instead of only one) is not necessarily more difficult but can actually be easier (less error-prone), in particular when executing one action requires the simultaneous inhibition of another action. Corresponding inhibitory demands are particularly challenging when the to-be-inhibited action is highly prepotent (i.e., characterized by a strong urge to be executed). Here, we study a range of important potential sources of such prepotency. Building on a previously established paradigm to elicit dual-action benefits, participants responded to stimuli with single actions (either manual button press or saccade) or dual actions (button press and saccade). Crucially, we compared blocks in which these response demands were randomly intermixed (mixed blocks) with pure blocks involving only one type of response demand. The results highlight the impact of global (action-inherent) sources of action prepotency, as reflected in more pronounced inhibitory failures in saccade vs. manual control, but also more local (transient) sources of influence, as reflected in a greater probability of inhibition failures following trials that required the to-be-inhibited type of action. In addition, sequential analyses revealed that inhibitory control (including its failure) is exerted at the level of response modality representations, not at the level of fully specified response representations. In sum, the study highlights important preconditions and mechanisms underlying the observation of dual-action benefits.