bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Wildland Fire-Fighting Chemicals in Pulsed Exposures to Rainbow Trout and Fathead Minnows
Authors: Puglis Holly J. , Iacchetta Michael , Mackey Christina M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Intrusions of fire-fighting chemicals in streams can result from containment and suppression of wildfires and may be harmful to native biota. We investigated the toxicity of seven current-use fire-fighting chemicals to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) by simulating chemical intrusions under variable field conditions to provide insights into the potential damage these chemicals may cause in waterways. In three separate attenuated exsposure assays in which chemical concentration decreased throughout the 96-h exposure period, we varied water flow rate, water hardness, and initial concentration of test chemical. In an additional series of four pulsed exposure assays in which fish encounter chemical for up to 1 h followed by an observation period in control water, we altered concentration of test chemical, water temperature, duration of chemical exposure, and number of exposures to determine delayed toxicity or recovery. Mortality of rainbow trout was higher across treatments at a warmer temperature and also increased with increasing concentration rate, increasing exposure duration, and sequential exposures across assays. For fathead minnows, mortality increased with increasing concentration of fire retardant and longer exposure durations. Because the ratio of toxic un-ionized ammonia to ionized ammonia is greater with increasing temperature and pH, future studies could investigate the effects of water temperature and pH on native fishes under environmentally relevant concentrations of fire-fighting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1711–1720. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Testimonialistas’ Self‐Determination: Boricua Mothers and Colonial Schooling
Authors: Colón Melissa , Vaught Sabina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the Testimonios of Boricua (Puerto Rican) women in their twenties who were pregnant and parenting in their high school‐age years and whose gender and familial self‐determination and freedom were severely regulated by a suffocating network of colonial state institutions. At the center of this network was school. Mechanized to uphold gendered ideologies and materialities in the repressive campaign against Boricua women, US schooling was the site and the story of state intrusion into the self‐determined life of Testimonialistas. Their Testimonios offer a narrative theorization of the ways in which Boricua women and mothers experienced and resisted the network of colonial schooling, and struggled toward self‐determination for themselves, their children, and their communities.
Antimicrobial potential of probiotic cell‐free and Carum copticum L. seed extracts co‐nanoencapsulated in cellulose acetate fibers
Authors: Azizkhani Maryam , Karbakhsh Ravari Rafat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to co‐nanoencapsulate Lactobacillus acidophilus (LCFE) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (BCFE) cell‐free extract and zenyan (Carum copticum L.) seed water (ZWE) and ethanolic (ZEE) extract in electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers and evaluate antimicrobial potential. The zeta potential, SEM image, antibacterial (MIC and MBC), and antifungal (MIC and MFC) activities were evaluated. TPC (total phenol content) of water and ethanol extract of zenyan seed were 14.05 and 136.44 mg GAE/g, respectively. A zeta potential of −40.25, −45.80, −43.71, 48.55, 35.50, 47.93, 31.50, 44.69, and −29.61 mV was found for nanofibers of pure CA (cellulose acetate), CA/LCFE, CA/BCFE, CA/ZWE, CA/ZEE, CA/LCFE/ZWE, CA/LCFE/ZEE, CA/BCFE/ZWE, and CA/LCFE/ZEE, respectively. CA electrospun nanofiber loaded with different extracts showed nanosized diameter and uniform structure. Nanoencapsulated extracts showed considerably higher antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to free extracts. Antibacterial activity of lactobacilli cell‐free extract was higher than bifidobacteria, which indicated the presence of the higher amount of antibacterial compounds in lactobacilli extract. Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and L. monocytogenes) had the lowest MIC and MBC of free and nanoencapsulated extracts while Gram‐negatives (E. coli, S. dysenteriae, and S. enteritidis) had higher MIC and MBC. CA‐coated zenyan extracts (water and ethanolic) inhibited the growth of the assayed fungi at the MIC ranging 0.25 to 0.95%. These concentrations were 1.5–2 times lower than those obtained for pure extracts. For nanoencapsulated cell‐free extracts of both probiotics, the MIC values were about five times lower than the free extracts. The highest antimicrobial activity obtained for CA nanofibers contained zenyan ethanolic extract and cell‐free extract of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria.
Quality improvement of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage by application of Maillard peptides/water‐soluble chitosan coating
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhu Yanling , Yang Yang , Hu Shiwei , Jiang Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effect of squid Maillard peptides (SMPs) on the shelf life and quality of shrimp for 20 days. Water‐soluble chitosan coatings incorporated with SMPs (SMPs + chitosan) were applied to shrimp under chilled conditions. Untreated samples were used as control, along with samples treated with water‐soluble chitosan and SMPs alone. The pH increase was observed in all samples, as well as increased total plate count, total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid index. However, these indexes in the SMPs + chitosan group were lower than the other three groups, which suggested SMPs + chitosan might play a role in retarding quality loss of shrimp, and there might be a combined effect between water‐soluble chitosan and SMPs. Based on hardness, springiness, and sensory evaluation, shrimp coated with SMPs + chitosan was the best preserved, with a shelf life of 16 days but only 8–12 days for other samples. The present work demonstrates the effectiveness of SMPs + chitosan, offering a promising alternative to inhibit microbial growth and lipid oxidation on shrimps during refrigerated storage.
Predictive value of metastatic lateral lymph node ratio for recurrence in pathologically lateral lymph node‐positive papillary thyroid cancer patients with palpable lymph nodes
Authors: Dong Wenwu , Horiuchi Kiyomi , Noguchi Eiichiro , Okamoto Takahiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify the predictive value of the extent of metastatic lymph nodes in the central and lateral neck compartment for recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with pathologically lateral lymph node metastasis (pN1b).MethodsThis study enrolled 252 patients with pN1b from PTC.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 17.6 years, 55 (21.8%) patients experienced recurrence. Patients with palpable lymph nodes were more likely to have a recurrence than those with nonpalpable lymph nodes (30.1% vs. 17.8%, relative risk 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1–2.7). For patients with palpable metastatic lymph nodes, lymph node ratio of lateral lymph nodes ≥0.5 (aHR = 2.906, 95%CI: 1.29–6.54) and age ≥55 years (aHR = 2.508, 95%CI: 1.12–5.63) were independent prognostic factors. For those without palpable nodes, age ≥55 years (aHR = 2.224, 95%CI: 1.08–4.60) and tumor size >4 cm (aHR = 2.168, 95%CI: 1.01–4.66) were independently predictive of worse RFS.ConclusionsPalpable lymph nodes were approximately twice as likely to recur as nonpalpable nodes. Metastatic lateral lymph node ratio predicts recurrence in pN1b PTC patients with palpable lymph nodes, but not those without ones.
High inter‐follicular spatial co‐localization of CD8+FOXP3+ with CD4+CD8+ cells predicts favorable outcome in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Hagos Yeman B. , Akarca Ayse U. , Ramsay Alan , Rossi Riccardo L. , Pomplun Sabine , Ngai Victoria , Moioli Alessia , Gianatti Andrea , Mcnamara Christopher , Rambaldi Alessandro , Quezada Sergio A. , Linch David , Gritti Giuseppe , Yuan Yinyin , Marafioti Teresa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spatial architecture of the lymphoid tissue in follicular lymphoma (FL) presents unique challenges to studying its immune microenvironment. We investigated the spatial interplay of T cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and natural killer T cells using multispectral immunofluorescence images of diagnostic biopsies of 32 patients. A deep learning‐based image analysis pipeline was tailored to the needs of follicular lymphoma spatial histology research, enabling the identification of different immune cells within and outside neoplastic follicles. We analyzed the density and spatial co‐localization of immune cells in the inter‐follicular and intra‐follicular regions of follicular lymphoma. Low inter‐follicular density of CD8+FOXP3+ cells and co‐localization of CD8+FOXP3+ with CD4+CD8+ cells were significantly associated with relapse (p = 0.0057 and p = 0.0019, respectively) and shorter time to progression after first‐line treatment (Logrank p = 0.0097 and log‐rank p = 0.0093, respectively). A low inter‐follicular density of CD8+FOXP3+ cells is associated with increased risk of relapse independent of follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) (p = 0.038, Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42 [0.19, 0.95], but not independent of co‐localization of CD8+FOXP3+ with CD4+CD8+ cells (p = 0.43). Co‐localization of CD8+FOXP3+ with CD4+CD8+ cells is predictors of time to relapse independent of the FLIPI score and density of CD8+FOXP3+ cells (p = 0.027, HR = 0.0019 [7.19 × 10−6, 0.49], This suggests a potential role of inter‐follicular CD8+FOXP3+ and CD4+CD8+ cells in the disease progression of FL, warranting further validation on larger patient cohorts.
“Her Voice is Proud”: Exploring the Intersections of Writing, Gender, and Mental Health
Authors: Schreuder Mary‐Celeste 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the wake of the Covid‐19 pandemic, challenges with adolescent mental health are on the rise, making the need for spaces where teens share their emotions and experiences all the more vital. This single‐case study explores the impact of writing on one young woman's (Celia) mental health during Girl Power, a gender empowerment poetry writing workshop for adolescent girls. Celia's poems, interviews, and discussions illustrate the complexity of the intersections of mental health with friendship, body image, and identity as a girl, revealing the benefits of a supportive community for writing for self and catharsis. This article concludes with practical implications for the healing power of writing both in and out of the classroom.
Strigea robusta(Digenea: Strigeidae) infection effects on the gonadal structure and limb malformation in toad early development
Authors: Svinin Anton O. , Matushkina Kseniya A. , Dedukh Dmitry V. , Bashinskiy Ivan V. , Ermakov Oleg A. , Litvinchuk Spartak N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe anomaly P is a mass morphological anomaly reported in some water frog populations across Europe. It was found that polydactyly is only a mild attenuated form of heavy cases of the anomaly P syndrome, which have strong deformations of the hindlimbs and, partly, forelimbs. It was shown that the anomaly P is caused by the trematodeStrigea robustaand this syndrome can be considered as a special case of strigeosis in amphibians. The anomaly P for a long time considered to be specific for water frogs of the genusPelophylax. Herein, we describe polydactyly and heavy forms of the anomaly P syndrome in toads of the generaBufoandBufotes, as a result of exposure toS. robustacercariae. A total of 150 tadpoles ofBufo bufo, 60 tadpoles ofBufotes viridis, and 60 tadpoles ofBufotes baturaewere divided into five experimental and four control groups (30 tadpoles in each group). All anomalies in the toads were similar to those observed in water frogs. The survival of tadpoles in the experimental groups was 76%. The anomaly P was observed in 57.9% of toad tadpoles (51.8% of mild forms and 6.1% of heavy forms). The occurrence of the anomaly P varied among groups from 19% to 78%. Heavy forms of the anomaly P were found in all experimental groups. We described rare asymmetrical cases of the anomaly P. According to severe modification of limb morphology, we supposed changes of gonadal morphology (any modifications of the germ and somatic cells). The gonadal development of infected tadpoles was however the same as in uninfected toad tadpoles, and heterochromatin distribution within gonocytes had no differences as well. It seems like the parasite doesn't have any effect on the gonadal development of the toads. The lack of heavy forms in natural populations of toads, as well as a development of gonads were discussed.
Winter madness: Melatonin as a neuroendocrine regulator of seasonal aggression
Authors: Munley Kathleen M. , Han Yuqi , Lansing Matt X. , Demas Gregory E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndividuals of virtually all vertebrate species are exposed to annual fluctuations in the deterioration and renewal of their environments. As such, organisms have evolved to restrict energetically expensive processes and activities to a specific time of the year. Thus, the precise timing of physiology and behavior is critical for individual reproductive success and subsequent fitness. Although the majority of research on seasonality has focused on seasonal reproduction, pronounced fluctuations in other non‐reproductive social behaviors, including agonistic behaviors (e.g., aggression), also occur. To date, most studies that have investigated the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying seasonal aggression have focused on the role of photoperiod (i.e., day length); prior findings have demonstrated that some seasonally breeding species housed in short “winter‐like” photoperiods display increased aggression compared with those housed in long “summer‐like” photoperiods, despite inhibited reproduction and low gonadal steroid levels. While fewer studies have examined how the hormonal correlates of environmental cues regulate seasonal aggression, our previous work suggests that the pineal hormone melatonin acts to increase non‐breeding aggression in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) by altering steroid hormone secretion. This review addresses the physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying seasonal plasticity in aggressive and non‐aggressive social behaviors, including a key role for melatonin in facilitating a “neuroendocrine switch” to alternative physiological mechanisms of aggression across the annual cycle. Collectively, these studies highlight novel and important mechanisms by which melatonin regulates aggressive behavior in vertebrates and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the neuroendocrine bases of seasonal social behaviors broadly.
Future evolution of global land surface air temperature trend based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models
Authors: Wu Wen , Ji Fei , Hu Shujuan , He Yongli , Wei Yun , Xu Zhenhao , Yu Haipeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, global warming has been an indisputable fact. The increase in extreme events accompanied by the rise in temperature has huge influences on many aspects of the society and economy globally. As a result, forecasting how global temperatures will change and evolve in the future is crucial, but it is restricted by the accuracy and uncertainty of model simulations. Based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method, this study first evaluates the performance of the CMIP6 models in simulating different timescale components including high‐frequency components (HFC), low‐frequency components (LFC), and secular trend (ST) of surface air temperature (SAT). The results show that the performance of the CMIP6 models in simulating the ST is better. Following the observation constraint method's correction of CMIP6 model simulations, we investigate the evolution characteristics of future temperature secular trends under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. The results show that under SSP245 scenario, the rise of SAT first appeared in northwest and east North America and eastern Europe. The spatial distribution of evolution characteristic under the SSP585 scenario is similar to that of the SSP245 scenario but with a larger magnitude. However, more pronounced differences appear in warming rate, which shows a downward trend over time under the SSP245 scenario and an upward trend with time under the SSP585 scenario.
Biases in the thermodynamic structure over the Southern Ocean in ERA5 and their radiative implications
Authors: Truong Son C. H. , Huang Yi , Siems Steven T. , Manton Michael J. , Lang Francisco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe thermodynamic structure of the lower troposphere in the 37 standard levels ERA5 reanalysis has been evaluated against 2,186 high‐resolution upper air soundings collected over the Southern Ocean (SO). The reanalysis, which incorporated these soundings, was found to be skilled in depicting the general synoptic meteorology and thermodynamic structure as defined by the cluster analysis of Truong et al. (2020) Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD033214. Using dew‐point depression as a proxy for cloud, however, we found a significant reduction in the number of inferred cloud layers, which is inherited from a bias in the specific humidity in the ERA5 reanalysis, most notably over the high latitudes of the SO, where a multilayer cloud structure is frequently observed. The reanalysis was also found to have thinner inferred cloud geometric layer and shallower cloud top heights. Further analysis showed that the reanalysis displays a greater percentage of soundings having no inversion with this bias being more pronounced at high latitudes that tends to be associated with the colder sea surface temperature. While the statistics of the main inversion height are largely consistent, the average inversion strength in the ERA5 reanalysis is found to be weaker than the observations. We anticipate the 137‐level ERA5 reanalysis simulation yields a smoothed vertical structure, from which the 37 standard levels ERA5 reanalysis is linearly interpolated. An examination of the sensitivity of the radiative transfer to cloud macrophysics suggests that the correct representation of thin multiple cloud layers can help reduce the amount of downward shortwave surface radiation over the SO.
A2M inhibits inflammatory mediators of chondrocytes by blocking IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Sun Changqi , Cao Can , Zhao Ting , Guo Hailing , Fleming Braden C. , Owens Brett , Beveridge Jillian , McAllister Scott , Wei Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) is cartilage degeneration, which has been previously correlated with dramatic increases in inflammatory enzymes. Specifically, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and subsequent upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) is implicated as an important player in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Alpha 2‐macroglobulin (A2M) can inhibit this inflammatory pathway, making it a promising therapy for PTOA. Herein, we demonstrate that A2M binds and neutralizes IL‐1β, blocking downstream NF‐κB‐induced catabolism seen in in vitro. Human chondrocytes (cell line C28) were incubated with A2M protein and then treated with IL‐1β. A2M was labeled with VivoTag™ 680 to localize the protein postincubation. The degree of binding between A2M and IL‐1β was evaluated through immunoprecipitation (IP). Catabolic proteins, including IL‐1β and NF‐kB, were detected by Western blot. Pro‐inflammatory and chondrocyte‐related gene expression was examined by qRT‐PCR. VivoTag™ 680‐labeled A2M was observed in the cytoplasm of C28 human chondrocytes by fluorescence microscopy. IP experiments demonstrated that A2M could bind IL‐1β. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that A2M neutralized IL‐1β and NF‐κB in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, A2M decreased levels of MMPs and TNF‐α and increased the expression of cartilage protective genes Col2, Type2, Smad4, and aggrecan. Mostly importantly, A2M was shown to directly neutralize IL‐1β to downregulate the pro‐inflammatory responses mediated by the NF‐kB pathway. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which A2M reduces inflammatory catabolic activity and protects cartilage after joint injury. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully understand the potential of A2M as a novel PTOA therapy.
Evaluation of acoustic changes in and the healing outcomes of rat eardrums with pars tensa and pars flaccida perforations
Authors: Liu Yaoqian , Wu Cuiping , Chen Tingting , Shen Qiyue , Xiong Yuanping , Chen Zhengnong , Li Chunyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically explore the differences in acoustic changes and healing outcomes of tympanic membranes (TMs) with pars flaccida perforation (PFP) and pars tensa perforation (PTP).MethodsWe created PFPs and PTPs of various sizes in Sprague–Dawley rats, and evaluated TM umbo velocity and hearing function using laser Doppler vibrometry and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement before and immediately after perforation. Two weeks later, hearing was reevaluated and TMs were investigated by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsSmall PFPs and PTPs did not significantly affect umbo velocity and hearing function. Large PFPs increased umbo velocity loss at low frequency (1.5 kHz) and elevated ABR thresholds within 1–2 kHz. Large PTP caused significant velocity loss at low frequencies from 1.5 to 3.5 kHz and threshold elevations at full frequencies (1–2 kHz). Two weeks after the perforation, the hearing function of rats with healed PFPs recovered completely. However, high‐frequency hearing loss (16–32 kHz) persisted in rats with healed PTPs. Morphological staining revealed that no increase in the thickness and obvious increase in collagen I level of regenerated par flaccida; regenerated pars tensa exhibited obvious increase in thickness and increased collagen I, while the collagen II regeneration was limited with discontinuous and disordered structure in regenerated pars tensa.ConclusionThe hearing loss caused by large PFP limits at low frequencies while large PTP can lead to hearing loss at wide range frequencies. PFP and PTP have different functional outcomes after spontaneous healing, which is determined by the discrepant structure reconstruction and collagen regeneration.
Utility of reflux finding score and reflux symptom index in diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the utility of reflux finding score (RFS) and reflux symptom index (RSI) in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsA prospective hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted at a private hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Relationship between independent and dependent variables was established using chi‐square test, a variable with p‐value of equal or less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsIn this study, a total of 2500 patients were recruited, out of which 800 (32.0%) were males and 1700 (68.0%) were female. Out of the 2500, 1520 (60.8%) patients were found to have a RSI of >13. Out of the 1520 patients subjected to 70‐degree laryngoscopy, 1425 patients (95.0%) were found to have a RFS > 7. Of the 1425 patients with RFS > 7, 260 were males (18.2%) and 1165 were females (81.8%).ConclusionRFS and RSI have demonstrated their role in establishing the diagnosis of LPRD.Level of Evidence4