bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneously Induced Hierarchical Structure by Surface Energy in Novel Conjugated Polymer‐Based Ultrafast‐Response Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Jeong WonJo , Kang Jinhyeon , Lim Soo Yeong , Ahn Hyungju , Kim Hyung Min , Won Jong Ho , Jung In Hwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel conjugated polymer, poly(4‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,6‐dioctylbenzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d']bis(oxazole)) (PBB), is synthesized for use in ultrafast‐response organic photodetectors (OPDs). The PBB synthesis is considered facile because a monomer could be isolated without column chromatography purification. The excellent solubility of PBB allows easy dissolution in both halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, facilitating the fabrication of p‐n heterojunction OPDs based‐on PBB and 6,6‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) using either chloroform (CF) or o‐xylene (Xy). Notably, Xy‐processed OPDs show superior performance with a responsivity (R) of 0.385 A W−1 and specific detectivity (D*) of 1.33 × 1013 Jones at –1 V, whereas CF‐based devices showed an R of 0.349 A W−1 and D* of 5.86 × 1012 Jones. More importantly, Xy‐processed OPDs exhibited an ultrafast signal response time of 3 µs, which is much faster than that of CF‐processed OPDs (42 µs). These superior static and dynamic properties of PBB:PC71BM devices are achieved by the inverted hierarchical arrangement of PBB and PC71BM via a biased orientation of PC71BM toward the ZnO layer as well as a homogenous nanomorphology. This ideal morphology is spontaneously induced due to the difference in interfacial energy between PBB and PC71BM toward the ZnO surface and a well‐mixed PBB:PC71BM blend in Xy solvent.
Transition‐Metal‐Free C(sp2)−H Phosphorothiolation/Cyclization of o‐Hydroxyarylenaminones: Access to S‐3‐Chromon Phosphorothioates
Authors: Zhang Biao , Fu Zhonghui , Yang Haoqi , Liu Donghan , Sun Yulin , Xu Yu , Yu Fuchao , Yan Sheng‐Jiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe C(sp2)−H phosphorothiolation involving cyclization process through a transition‐metal‐free strategy is reported. It provides an attractive approach for the construction valuable S‐3‐chromon phosphorothioates from o‐hydroxyarylenaminones and P(O)SH compounds in the presence of 1.0 equiv. of iodine at 60 °C. This novel protocol shows readily available chemicals, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Nanotwins Strengthening High Thermoelectric Performance Bismuth Antimony Telluride Alloys
Authors: Qin Haixu , Qu Wanbo , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yongsheng , Liu Zihang , Zhang Qian , Wu Haijun , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBi2Te3 based thermoelectric alloys have been commercialized in solid‐state refrigeration, but the poor mechanical properties restrict their further application. Nanotwins have been theoretically proven to effectively strengthen these alloys and could be sometimes constructed by strong deformation during synthesis. However, the obscure underlying formation mechanism restricts the feasibility of twin boundary engineering on Bi2Te3 based materials. Herein, thorough microstructure characterizations are employed on a series of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3+δ alloys to systematically investigate the twins’ formation mechanism. The results show that the twins belong to the annealing type formed in the sintering process, which is sensitive to Te deficiency, rather than the deformation one. The Te deficiency combined with mechanical deformation is prerequisite for constructing dense nanotwins. By reducing the δ below −0.01 and undergoing strong deformation, samples with a high density of nanotwins are obtained and exhibit an ultrahigh compressive strength over 250 MPa, nearly twice as strong as the previous record reported in hierarchical nanostructured (Bi, Sb)2Te3 alloy. Moreover, benefitting from the suppressed intrinsic excitation, the average zT value of this robust material could reach near 1.1 within 30–250 °C. This work opens a new pathway to design high‐performance and mechanically stable Bi2Te3 based alloys for miniature device development.
Rigid and Flexible SEI Layer Formed Over a Cross‐Linked Polymer for Enhanced Ultrathin Li Metal Anode Performance
Authors: Wang Qiong , Yang Jian , Huang Xiaoyang , Zhai Zhenghao , Tang Jingxiao , You Jinhai , Shi Chenguang , Li Weize , Dai Peng , Zheng Weichen , Huang Ling , Sun Shigang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLi metal has been attracting considerable attention as the most promising anode material for application in next‐generation Li rechargeable batteries. However, the instability of the formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the Li metal anode leads to a low coulombic efficiency (CE). Here, two kinds of synthesized polymer materials with different molecular configurations (chain and cross‐linked), which are grafted as skins on Cu foils (current collectors), are reported. The interaction between the polymers and electrolyte solvent reduces the amount of the solvent used in the formation of the SEI layer, while facilitating the decomposition of Li salts; this results in inorganic‐component‐dominated SEI layers with excellent stability. Furthermore, the Cu foil grafted with the polymer has a cross‐linked structure that results in an SEI layer that exhibits a combination of rigidity and flexibility. The SEI layer improves the average CE of the Li/Cu batteries to 98.7% over 550 cycles. A Li/Li symmetric battery assembled with 10 µm ultrathin Li anodes achieves prolonged cycling for 1300 h at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. The ultrathin Li anodes can be applied to Li/S batteries, highlighting a new approach to the design of future batteries.
Defect Engineering in a Multiple Confined Geometry for Robust Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zou Kunyang , Zhou Tengfei , Chen Yuanzhen , Xiong Xuyang , Jing Weitao , Dai Xin , Shi Ming , Li Na , Sun Junjie , Zhang Shilin , Zhang Chaofeng , Liu Yongning , Guo Zaiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe decay of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is mainly due to the shuttle effect caused by intermediate polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, a multiple confined cathode architecture is prepared by filling graphitized Pinus sylvestris with carbon nanotubes and defective LaNiO3−x (LNO‐V) nanoparticles. The composite electrode with high areal sulfur loading of 11.6 mg cm−2 shows a high areal specific capacity of 8.5 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 (0.05 C). Both experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that this unique structure not only provides physical restriction on LiPSs within microchannels but also offers strong chemical immobilization and catalytic conversion of LiPSs attributed to the spin density around oxygen vacancies of LaNiO3−x. These oxygen vacancies elongate the SS and LiS bonds and make them easy to break. Furthermore, the lengthwise channels derived from cytoderm restrict the transverse diffusion of polysulfides, leading to a uniform areal current and thus homogeneous lithium infiltration. This suppresses the corrosion of the lithium anode due to polysulfides confinement. The discovery of the multiple confined structure that provides chemical adsorption, fast diffusion, and catalytic conversion for polysulfides can broaden the application of biomass materials and offer a new strategy to achieve robust Li–S batteries.
Vertically Aligned MXene Nanosheet Arrays for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Qian , Wei Yi , Zhang Xiaokun , Yang Zhilin , Wang Fan , Liu Wei , Zuo Jinghan , Gu Xiaokang , Yao Yong , Wang Xingguo , Zhao Feifei , Yang Shubin , Gong Yongji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is considered as one of the best anode materials due to its high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential. However, its practical application is restricted by uneven Li metal dendrite growth. Herein, vertically aligned Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheet arrays synthesized by a facile ice template assisted blade coating method are adopted to regulate Li metal nucleation and guide Li metal deposition. This kind of vertical structure exhibits low tortuosity that can achieve homogeneous and fast Li transport. In addition, the rich F and O groups on the Ti3C2Tx surface are conducive to the formation of a uniform solid–electrolyte interphase layer, which plays an important role in regulating the nucleation and growth of Li metal. Consequently, the vertically aligned Ti3C2Tx electrodes achieve high Coulombic efficiencies (98.8%) for more than 450 cycles at a fixed areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2 with a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2. Moreover, it can maintain stable lithium plating/striping behaviors even at an ultrahigh current density of 5.0 mA cm−2 and high areal capacity of 5.0 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, full batteries (LiFePO4 as cathode) paired with these vertically aligned Ti3C2Tx electrodes show superior stability and rate performance than the horizontally aligned Ti3C2Tx electrodes.
The Role of Hydrothermal Carbonization in Sustainable Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xu Zhen , Wang Jing , Guo Zhenyu , Xie Fei , Liu Haoyu , Yadegari Hossein , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Ryan Mary P. , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries as a prospective alternative to lithium‐ion batteries are facing the challenge of developing high‐performance, low‐cost and sustainable anode materials. Hard carbons are appropriate to store sodium ions, but major energy and environmental concerns during their fabrication process (i.e., high‐temperature carbonization) have not been properly assessed. Furthermore, the rational design of high‐performing hard carbon anodes is usually limited by the conventional direct carbonization of organic precursors. Here, the hydrothermal carbonization process is employed as a versatile pre‐treatment method of renewable precursors, followed by high‐temperature carbonization, for producing advanced hard carbon anodes. The critical role of hydrothermal pre‐treatment in regulating the structure for an optimized performance of hard carbon anodes is elucidated, while revealing the sodium‐ion storage mechanism using electrochemical kinetic calculations, advanced characterization and multi‐scale modeling. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of hydrothermal pre‐treatment and subsequent carbonization are evaluated using life cycle assessment compared to direct carbonization. By comparing hard carbon anodes with and without the hydrothermal pre‐treatment, it is verified that the additional hydrothermal process is responsible for enhanced electrochemical performance, increased carbon yields and reduced carbon emissions. The work provides a systematic understanding of functions and energy consumptions of hydrothermal systems to achieve next‐generation sustainable sodium‐ion batteries.
Clinical impact of laparoscopic surgery and adhesion prevention material for prevention of small bowel obstruction
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Hirata Keiji , Ichikawa Daisuke , Ikeda Masataka , Fujita Fumihiko , Eto Ken , Yukawa Norio , Kojima Yutaka , Matsuda Akihisa , Shimoyama Rai , Ochiai Hideto , Kumamoto Kensuke , Takayama Yuichi , Komono Akira , Sonoda Hiromichi , Ohta Ryo , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kaibori Masaki , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAdhesive small bowel obstructions (SBO) are one of the most common complications following abdominal surgery, and they decrease patient quality of life. Since 2000, laparoscopic surgery has been employed with increasing frequency, as has adhesion prevention material (APM). In this study we tried to evaluate whether laparoscopic surgery and APM reduce the incidence of SBO.MethodsIn Cohort 1, we included patients who developed SBO and received inpatient treatment between 2015 and 2018. We evaluated the elapsed time between precedent surgery and the onset of SBO, and what kind of surgery most often causes SBO. In Cohort 2, we included patients who underwent digestive surgery between 2012 and 2014 and evaluated SBO incidence within 5 y after the precedent surgery.ResultsIn all, 2058 patients were included in Cohort 1. Of these, 164 had experienced no precedent surgery. Among patients with a history of abdominal surgery, 29.7% experienced SBO within 1 y after the precedent surgery and 48.1% within 3 y. Altogether, 18798 patients were analyzed in Cohort 2. The incidence of SBO after laparoscopic colorectal surgery was lower than that of open colorectal surgery (P < .001), and laparoscopic gastroduodenal surgery was also lower (P = .02). However, there were no differences between laparoscopic and open surgery for other types of surgery. The use of APM had no effect on SBO incidence in any type of abdominal surgery.ConclusionsLaparoscopic surgery helps to reduce SBO incidence only in colorectal surgery, and possibly in gastroduodenal surgery. APM does not reduce SBO after abdominal surgery.
Controllable Disulfide Exchange Polymerization of Polyguanidine for Effective Biomedical Applications by Thiol‐Mediated Uptake
Authors: Zhu Yiwen , Lin Mengyu , Hu Wenting , Wang Junkai , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Zhang Kai , Yu Bingran , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNew preparation methods of vectors are the key to developing the next generation of biomacromolecule delivery systems. In this study, a controllable disulfide exchange polymerization was established to obtain low‐toxicity and efficient bioreducible polyguanidines (mPEG225‐b‐PSSn, n=13, 26, 39, 75, 105) by regulating the concentration of activated nucleophiles and reaction time under mild reaction conditions. The relationship between the degrees of polymerization and biocompatibility was studied to identify the optimal polyguanidine mPEG225‐b‐PSS26. Such polyguanidine exhibited good in vitro performance in delivering different functional nucleic acids. The impressive therapeutic effects of mPEG225‐b‐PSS26 were further verified in the 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice as well as the mice with full‐thickness skin defects. Controllable disulfide exchange polymerization provides an attractive strategy for the construction of new biomacromolecule delivery systems.
Comparative extraction of cannabinoids and terpenoids from Cannabis sativa L. using three solvents
Authors: Fei Tao , Wang Tong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic solvents of diethyl ether and pentane were tested against ethanol for the extraction of terpenoids and cannabinoids from hemp inflorescence. It is not well known how pretreatment of grinding and extraction conditions, that is, number of extractions, temperature, and solvent residence time affect extraction yield and product compositional profiles, so these were examined in this study. As a general trend, diethyl ether and pentane had better selectivity towards the terpenoids and cannabinoids compared to ethanol. It was found that even though grinding to reduce the particle size of the inflorescence did not dramatically increase the total extraction yield, it increased the yield of the first extraction as well as the content of terpenoids and cannabinoids in the extract. Extraction residence time trial revealed the benefit of shorter time and the different behavior of the two classes of compounds. Increasing the extraction temperature from 4 to 21°C improved the total extraction yield by all three solvents, however, no additional improvement was seen at 30°C. To achieve high concentration of the bioactive compounds in the extract, multiple extraction at 21°C with short residence time, such as 15 min, are preferred for the solvents tested, and an extract having about 6% terpenoids and 59% main cannabinoids was obtained using pentane. This systematic study provides a guide to commercial processing optimization and directions for further investigation.
Post‐polymerization modification of polyetherimide by Friedel‐Crafts acylation: Physical–chemical characterization and performance as gas separation membrane
Authors: Ferreira Rubiane Marta Mayer , Ambrosi Alan , da Conceição Thiago Ferreira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite recent interest in post‐polymerization modification, high‐performance aromatic polymers have not received much attention as a suitable platform for the synthesis of new polymer libraries. In this article, we describe the post‐polymerization modification of a polyetherimide, employing Friedel‐Crafts acylation, resulting in derivatives with varied side groups and degrees of acylation. It is shown that by increasing the degree of acylation and the size of the acyl group the glass transition temperature decreases, following a linear relation, while the thermal stability is not significantly affected, and the water contact angle of the derivative membranes increases. Gas permeability tests demonstrated an increase in the permeability of the derivative membranes to N2 and CO2 as the degree of acylation increases. The results demonstrated the potential of the post‐polymerization Friedel‐Crafts acylation of high‐performance aromatic polymers to obtain new and efficient membranes for gas separation.
Supramolecular Hydrogels: Design Strategies and Contemporary Biomedical Applications
Authors: Omar Jasmin , Ponsford Daniel , Dreiss Cécile A. , Lee Tung‐Chun , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembly of supramolecular hydrogels is driven by dynamic, non‐covalent interactions between molecules. Considerable research effort has been exerted to fabricate and optimise supramolecular hydrogels that display shear‐thinning, self‐healing, and reversibility, in order to develop materials for biomedical applications. This review provides a detailed overview of the chemistry behind the dynamic physicochemical interactions that sustain hydrogel formation (hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, metal‐ligand coordination, and host‐guest interactions). Novel design strategies and methodologies to create supramolecular hydrogels are highlighted, which offer promise for a wide range of applications, specifically drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting. To conclude, future prospects are briefly discussed, and consideration given to the steps required to ultimately bring these biomaterials into clinical settings.
Functionalization of cotton fabrics with titanium oxide doped silver nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and UV protection activities
Authors: El‐Naggar Mehrez E. , Shaarawy Sahar , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed S. , Abd El Moneim katry Hazem , Youssef Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe target of our current work was designed to prepare titanium oxide doped silver nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2NPs) and their impact on the functionalization of cotton fabrics. Additionally, the effect of Ag/TiO2NPs was compared with the individually prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs). In this work, AgNPs were prepared in the solid state using arabic gum as efficient stabilizing and reducing agent. Then, two concentrations of the as‐synthesized nanoparticles were used to functionalize the cotton fabrics by pad‐dry‐cure treatment in the presence of fixing agent to increase the durability of treated cotton fabrics against vigorous washing cycles. The findings implied that the as‐prepared nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in nano‐size with spherical shape and homogeneity. The efficacy of the functionalized cotton fabrics with those nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of multifunctional properties including antimicrobial and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and the mechanical features before and after many washing cycles; 10, 15 and 20 times. The resultant also proved that Ag/TiO2NPs‐treated cotton fabrics exhibited the greater values of both antimicrobial and UPF properties with enhancement in the tensile strength and elongation features. Thus, the combination between these two nanoparticles through doping reaction is suitable for imparting superior antimicrobial properties against the four tested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger) and good UPF properties. Depending on the promising obtained results of the multi‐finishing fabrics, these nanoparticles of Ag/TiO2NPs can be applied for the production of an efficient medical clothes for doctors, nurses and bed sheets for patients in order to kill and prevent the spread of bacteria and then, reduce the transmission of infection to others.
Application of microcrystalline cellulose as an efficient and cheap sorbent for the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater before HPLC–MS/MS determination
Authors: Marzi Khosrowshahi Elnaz , Limuie Khosrowshahi Behnaz , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Jouyban Abolghasem , Tuzen Mustafa , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Nemati Mahboob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA dispersive solid‐phase extraction method based on a new sorbent has been performed on plasma and wastewater samples to determine metoprolol by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, the analyte was adsorbed from the samples onto microcrystalline cellulose as a green and efficient sorbent and then eluted for use in the determination step. In the mass spectrometer, the analyte was detected in the positive mode and selectivity of the analysis was increased by sequential mass analysis through multiple reaction monitoring. All of the effective parameters in the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater were optimized. Under optimal conditions the method was linear in the ranges of 1–1,000 and 0.1–1,000 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.30 and 0.03 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The data showed that the method provides low detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and high extraction recovery. Finally several plasma and wastewater samples were successfully analyzed using the method. The use of a small amount of a green and inexpensive sorbent and a low volume of plasma without the need for further pretreatment steps are the main advantages of the method.
Dissipation pattern and dietary risk assessment of some commonly used insecticides on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Singh Shubhra , Dubey Jatiender Kumar , Katna Sapna , Sharma Ajay , Devi Nisha , Brar Gaganpreet Singh , Singh Gagandeep , Gautam Himani , Thakur Nimisha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPesticide residue in food commodities is a serious concern in relation to consumer safety and also the most significant barrier in the trade of food commodities. The dissipation pattern of four insecticides, namely novaluron, λ‐cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and fenazaquin, was evaluated on tomato fruits and cropped soil. The residues were extracted using the QuEChERS analytical method and quantized using a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector, gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and high‐performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector. The analytical method was validated using parameters like recovery, linearity, accuracy, matrix effect, and specificity, with limit of detection and limit of quantitation established to be 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively, for all the pesticides. The average initial deposits (samples collected after 2 h of application) at the recommended dose of novaluron, λ‐cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and fenazaquin were 0.593, 0.293, 0.227, and 0.431 mg/kg on tomato fruits, respectively, and were below the limit of quantification in soil. The pre‐harvest interval of 17, 8, 1, and 13 days was suggested for novaluron, λ‐cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and fenazaquin on tomato, respectively. Risk assessment studies revealed that all pesticides under study are safe and do not pose any threat to humans as theoretical maximum dietary intake is less than the maximum permissible intake and acceptable daily intake.