bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the interior structure of gaseous giant exoplanets with machine learning techniques
Authors: Zhao Yong , Ni Dongdong 
Published: January 2022

Context. Characterizing the interiors of gaseous giant exoplanets is currently one of the main objectives in exoplanetary sciences. In particular, the planetary heavy-element mass provides a critical constraint on planet formation from exoplanetary systems. However, gas giant exoplanets show large diversities in thermal states and their interior properties vary across a wide magnitude range. Forward modeling of their interiors exhibits a larger degeneracy with respect to rocky exoplanets.
Aims. We applied machine learning techniques based on mixture density networks (MDNs) to investigate the interiors of gaseous giant exoplanets. We aim to provide a well-trained MDN for quick and efficient predictions.
Methods. Based on our current knowledge of gas giants in the Solar System, we discussed an effect of model uncertainties on planetary interiors and presented a data set for gas giants with masses between 0.1 and 10 Jupiter masses using two-layer interior models. Then, MDNs were constructed to train the generated data set and their performance was evaluated in order to achieve a well-trained one.
Results. The MDN using planetary mass and radius as inputs exhibits the well-known degeneracy of interior models. The surface temperature of a planet bears constraints on the thermal state of planetary interiors, and adding it as additional input considerably breaks the degeneracy of possible interior structures. The MDN with inputs of mass, radius, and surface temperature is found to show excellent performance in predicting the interior properties of gaseous giant exoplanets, although these interior properties span over a very wide range. We also applied the well-trained MDN to four gas giants in the Solar System and beyond. The MDN predictions are in good agreement with the interior model solutions within the observational and systematic uncertainties.
Conclusions. We offer a convenient and powerful tool available online providing knowledge of the interiors of gaseous giant exoplanets in addition to rocky exoplanets, which could be helpful for our understanding of planet formation in diverse protoplanetary environments.
Peculiar hydrogen-deficient carbon stars: strontium-rich stars and the s-process
Authors: Crawford Courtney L. , Tisserand Patrick , Clayton Geoffrey C. , Munson Bradley 
Published: January 2022

Context. R Coronae Borealis (RCB) variables and their non-variable counterparts, the dustless Hydrogen-deficient Carbon (dLHdC) stars have been known to exhibit enhanced s-processed material on their surfaces, especially Sr, Y, and Ba. No comprehensive work has been done to explore the s-process in these types of stars, however one particular RCB star, U Aqr, has been under scrutiny for its extraordinary Sr enhancement.
Aims. We aim to identify RCB and dLHdC stars that have significantly enhanced Sr abundances, such as U Aqr, and use stellar evolution models to begin to estimate the type of neutron exposure that occurs in a typical HdC star.
Methods. We compared the strength of the Sr II 4077 Å spectral line to Ca II H to identify the new subclass of Sr-rich HdCs. We additionally used the structural and abundance information from existing RCB MESA models to calculate the neutron exposure parameter, τ.
Results. We identified six stars in the Sr-rich class. Two are RCBs, and four are dLHdCs. We additionally found that the preferred RCB MESA model has a neutron exposure τ ≃ 0.1 mb−1, which is lower than the estimated τ between 0.15 and 0.6 mb−1 for the Sr-rich star U Aqr found in the literature. We found trends in the neutron exposure corresponding to He-burning shell temperature, metallicity, and assumed s-processing site.
Conclusions. We have found a sub-class of six HdCs known as the Sr-rich class, which tend to lie in the halo, outside the typical distribution of RCBs and dLHdCs. We found that dLHdC stars are more likely to be Sr-rich than RCBs, with an occurrence rate of ~13% for dLHdCs and ~2% for RCBs. This is one of the first potential spectroscopic differences between RCBs and dLHdCs, along with dLHdCs having stronger surface abundances of 18O. We additionally found neutron exposure trends in our RCB models that will aide in understanding the interplay between model parameters and surface s-process elements.
Riesiges retroperitoneales Schwannom im Bereich der linken Nebenniere
Authors: Kajaia David , Hager Benjamin , Weingärtner Karl , Kliebisch Stefan , Seitz Gerhard , Schneider Hans , Zugor Vahudin 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDas benigne Schwannom und das Neurofibrom sind die am häufigsten auftretenden benignen peripheren Nervenscheidentumoren. Der vorliegende Fallbericht über einen 66-jährigen Patienten mit einer über 12 cm großen retroperitonealen Raumforderung zeigt eindrucksvoll, was nach 20 Jahren Entwicklung und Fortschritt der robotischen Chirurgie mittlerweile möglich ist. Die Raumforderung, welche im Retroperitoneum lag und die umliegenden Organe verdrängte, wurde als Zufallsbefund entdeckt und stellt sich letztendlich histologisch als Schwannom dar. Die operative Entfernung war minimalinvasiv mittels des DaVinci-Operationssystems unter entsprechender Expertise der Klinik für Urologie erfolgt.
Gesundheitliche Folgen politischer Haft in der Sowjetischen
Besatzungszone und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
Authors: Maslahati Tolou , Voß Aline Lea , Donth Stefan , Heuser-Collier Isabella , Roepke Stefan 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ) und der Deutschen Demokratischen
Republik (DDR) wurden schätzungsweise zwischen 180 000 und
300 000 Personen aus politischen Gründen inhaftiert. Das Erleben
von traumatischem Stress, wie politischer Haft, kann zu langandauernden
gesundheitlichen Folgeerkrankungen führen. Zudem weisen
Forschungsergebnisse zu den Folgen politischer Gewalt in anderen Kontexten auch
auf transgenerationale Auswirkungen hin. Dieser Artikel gibt eine
Übersicht der Forschung zu körperlichen und psychischen Folgen
der politischen Haft in der SBZ und der DDR geben und die Relevanz der
gegenwärtig an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin
Berlin durchgeführten Studie zu diesem Thema verdeutlichen. Bisherige
Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass erhöhte Prävalenzen
für psychische und körperliche Symptome und Erkrankungen bei
ehemaligen politischen Häftlingen und deren Kinder vorliegen.
Zusätzlich wird der große Bedarf für eine systematische
Erfassung der möglichen Erkrankungen der Betroffenen und deren
Nachkommen deutlich.
Kleinzelliges neuroendokrines Karzinom des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs: eine Übersichtsarbeit und Fallserie
Authors: Böhm Felix , Schuler Patrick J. , Döscher Johannes , Weissinger Stephanie E. , Benckendorff Julian , Greve Jens , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Kleinzellige neuroendokrine Karzinome (KNK) des Larynx sind eine seltene Tumorentität mit schlechter Prognose bei einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Standardtherapie mit primärer Radiochemotherapie (pRCT) von 5 %.
Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche auf PubMed mit den Suchbegriffen „small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma“ und „head and neck“ sowie die Aufarbeitung von Patientenfällen aus unserer Klinik.
Ergebnisse Die Recherche ergab keine großen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zur Standardtherapie. Bisherige Therapiestrategien basieren auf den Erfahrungen bei kleinzelligen Karzinomen der Lunge. 0,5 % aller KNK treten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich auf. In unserer Klinik wurden in 12 Jahren 9 KNK diagnostiziert, 2 davon mit laryngealer Manifestation. Wir berichten über einen 29-jährigen Patienten mit Erstdiagnose (ED) eines Larynx-KNK im Frühjahr 2018. Im Staging zeigten sich zervikale Lymphknotenmetastasen, eine Fernmetastasierung wurde ausgeschlossen. Es erfolgte eine pRCT mit Cisplatin/Etoposid mit darauffolgender Komplettremission. Im Re-Staging 6 Monate nach ED zeigten sich Metastasen-suspekte Lungenherde. Unter 6 Zyklen palliativer Systemtherapie mit Cyclophosphamid, Adriamycin und Vincristin kam es zu einer partiellen Remission. Nach 12 Monaten erfolgte bei Progress die Therapieumstellung auf den PD-1-Antikörper Nivolumab. Der Patient verstarb 22 Monate nach ED an einer tumorbedingten Massenblutung mit Verlegung der Atemwege.
Schlussfolgerung Bisher existieren keine Studienergebnisse über den Einsatz von Nivolumab als Third-Line-Therapie bei KNK. Die Analyse einer NTRK-Fusion (neurotrophe Tyrosin-Rezeptor-Kinase) oder einer Folatrezeptor-Expression sollte erwogen werden zur Evaluation einer Tropomyosin-Rezeptor-Kinase-Inhibitor- oder einer Radionuklidtherapie.
More Than Detection of Adenocarcinoma – Indications and Findings in Prostate MRI in Benign Prostatic Disorders
Authors: Oerther Benedict , Sigle August , Franiel Tobias , Teichgräber Ulf , Bamberg Fabian , Gratzke Christian , Benndorf Matthias 
Published: January 2022

Background Multiparametric MRI of the prostate has become a fundamental tool in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer and is recommended before (or after negative) biopsy to guide biopsy and increase accuracy, as a staging examination (high-risk setting), and prior to inclusion into active surveillance. Despite this main field of application, prostate MRI can be utilized to obtain information in a variety of benign disorders of the prostate.
Methods Systematic bibliographical research with extraction of studies, national (German) as well as international guidelines (EAU, AUA), and consensus reports on MRI of benign disorders of the prostate was performed. Indications and imaging findings of prostate MRI were identified for a) imaging the enlarged prostate, b) prostate MRI in prostatic artery embolization, c) imaging in prostatitis and d) imaging in congenital anomalies.
Results and Conclusions Different phenotypes of the enlarged prostate that partly correlate with severity of symptoms are discussed. We provide an overview of the different types of prostatitis and possible imaging findings, highlighting abscesses as a severe complication. The most common congenital anomalies of the prostate are utricular cysts, whereas anomalies like aplasia, hypoplasia, and ectopia are rare disorders. Knowledge of indications for imaging and imaging appearance of these conditions may improve patient care and enhance differential diagnosis.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Gesunde erhöhen unter Fischgeruch die Herzfrequenz nur schwach und nur einen Variabilitätsparameter
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Pohlmeier Constanze , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Bitter Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Kardiale Riechreizfolgereaktionen könnten die Palette objektivierender Testmethoden zur Überprüfung des Riechvermögens erweitern. In einer Pilotstudie wurde untersucht, ob und wie durch angenehme und unangenehme Gerüche die Herzfrequenz (HR) und deren Variabilität verändert werden.
Methodik 32 Gesunde mit normalem Riechvermögen atmeten nasal 7 Minuten den Duft von 4 Sniffin’ Sticks (Banane, Fisch, Knoblauch und Rose) im Wechsel mit Leer-Reizen ein. Gleichzeitig wurden das EKG registriert und offline die NN-Intervalle (Abstand der R-Zacken) und 6 Parameter der Herzfrequenzvariabilität bestimmt und mit den Werten einer Leer-Reizung mittels generalisierter Schätzgleichungen (GEE) verglichen. Zusätzlich wurden die Werte der subjektiven Einschätzung von Intensität und hedonischer Valenz der 4 Gerüche mit der Herzfrequenz korreliert.
Ergebnisse Der unangenehme Fischgeruch steigerte in der ersten Reizminute gering, aber signifikant die Herzfrequenz (HR). Außerdem vergrößerte er während des Dauerreizes lediglich einen Variabilitätsparameter (LF/HF) und zeigte in der ersten Reizminute eine signifikante moderate Korrelation zwischen der HR und der Skalierung von Intensität bzw. der Hedonik. Die angenehmen Gerüche und der Knoblauchgeruch hatten keinen Einfluss auf die analysierten kardialen Parameter.
Schlussfolgerungen Olfaktorisch ausgelöste HR-kardiale Riechreizfolgereaktionen sind es wert, als Indikator für die Intaktheit des Riechvermögens weiter untersucht zu werden. Am erfolgversprechendsten und zeit- und kostengünstigsten ist dabei wahrscheinlich eine 1-minütige Reizung mit dem unangenehmen Fischgeruch aus dem Identifikationsset der Sniffin’ Sticks bei gleichzeitiger EKG-Ableitung.
Dehydrative and Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynoic Acids with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Qiu Ju , Hou Jingwei , Sun Zuolian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA direct dehydroxylative and decarboxylative coupling between a large number of allylic alcohols and alkynoic acids was realized affording 1,4-enyne motifs in high efficiency. In this reaction, calcium-promoted C–OH bond cleavage was crucial, which facilitated the sequential ­decarboxylation, and thus enabled the palladium-catalyzed allyl­–alkynyl coupling, which occurred in an environmentally benign manner tolerating a wide variety of functional groups. This protocol has been successfully used in preparing anticancer active rooperol derivatives in gram scale.
Oxidant-Free Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Chroman-4-ones from ortho-Hydroxyacetophenones under HOAc/DMSO Conditions
Authors: Wang Anan , Feng Yuanyuan , Jiang Tao-Shan , Li Shuai , Shi Xu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA metal-free and oxidant-free acid-promoted DMSO activation and subsequent reaction is reported. In this protocol, two molecules of DMSO are activated by HOAc and serve as dual synthons which react with ortho-hydroxyacetophenones, affording 3-(methylthiomethyl)chroman-4-ones in moderate to good yields with high selectivity.
Lumbar Cryptorchidism with Splenogonadal Fusion: The Odd Couple
Authors: Kulkarni Amol Anil , Kanbur Ajay S. , Kamat Nikhil V. , Sinha Lokesh D. , Khadse Prashant , Mehta Riya Prakash 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present and discuss the clinical, radiological, surgical, and histopathologic findings in a 16-month-old child who presented with bilateral cryptorchidism. He was investigated radiologically with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosed with small right inguinal and an enlarged left abdominal testis, and he underwent left orchidectomy and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion.
Structural and mechanistic basis of reiterative transcription initiation
Authors: Liu Yu , Yu Libing , Pukhrambam Chirangini , Winkelman Jared T. , Firlar Emre , Kaelber Jason T. , Zhang Yu , Nickels Bryce E. , Ebright Richard H. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
In standard transcription initiation, RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes an initial RNA product complementary to the DNA template. In an alternative pathway of transcription initiation, termed “reiterative transcription initiation,” observed at promoters containing homopolymeric sequences at the transcription start site, RNAP synthesizes an initial RNA product having a 5′ sequence containing a variable number, up to tens to hundreds, of nucleotides noncomplementary to the DNA template. Here, using crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, photocrosslinking, and single-molecule DNA nanomanipulation, we show that RNA extension in reiterative transcription initiation involves slipping of RNA relative to DNA within a short RNA–DNA hybrid and generates RNA that exits RNAP through a previously unobserved RNA path (“alternative RNA path”) and previously unobserved RNA exit (“alternative RNA exit”).
Anomalous magnetic noise in an imperfectly flat landscape in the topological magnet Dy
2
Ti
2
O
7
Authors: Samarakoon Anjana M. , Grigera S. A. , Tennant D. Alan , Kirste Alexander , Klemke Bastian , Strehlow Peter , Meissner Michael , Hallén Jonathan N. , Jaubert Ludovic , Castelnovo Claudio , Moessner Roderich 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Ultrasensitive low-temperature magnetic noise experiments on a network of atomic spins reveal how anomalous “glassy” dynamics can arise in a topological magnet, even in the absence of disorder. The results uncover an interplay of local dynamics with emergent topological degrees of freedom and a frustration-generated imperfectly flat energy landscape, and as such, they point to intriguing cooperative and memory effects for a broad class of magnetic materials.
Senescence induction dictates response to chemo- and immunotherapy in preclinical models of ovarian cancer
Authors: Paffenholz Stella V. , Salvagno Camilla , Ho Yu-Jui , Limjoco Matthew , Baslan Timour , Tian Sha , Kulick Amanda , de Stanchina Elisa , Wilkinson John E. , Barriga Francisco M. , Zamarin Dmitriy , Cubillos-Ruiz Juan R. , Leibold Josef , Lowe Scott W. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Efforts to understand and find new treatment options for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) have been confounded by a paucity of immune-competent models that accurately reflect the genetics and biology of the disease. Here, we leverage somatic tissue engineering to develop a fast and flexible immune-competent mouse model of HGSOC and reveal mechanistic insights into factors that dictate the response of ovarian tumors to conventional chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Our results identify a genotype-dependent therapy-induced senescence program that mediates sensitivity and resistance to first line chemotherapy and point to strategies to harness the senescence program to sensitize ovarian tumors to immune checkpoint blockade.
A widely distributed phosphate-insensitive phosphatase presents a route for rapid organophosphorus remineralization in the biosphere
Authors: Lidbury Ian D.E.A. , Scanlan David J. , Murphy Andrew R. J. , Christie-Oleza Joseph A. , Aguilo-Ferretjans Maria M. , Hitchcock Andrew , Daniell Tim J. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
At several locations across the globe, terrestrial and marine primary production, which underpin global food security, biodiversity, and climate regulation, are limited by inorganic phosphate availability. A major fraction of the total phosphorus pool exists in organic form, requiring mineralization to phosphate by enzymes known as phosphatases prior to incorporation into cellular biomolecules. Phosphatases are typically synthesized in response to phosphate depletion, assisting with phosphorus acquisition. Here, we reveal that a unique bacterial phosphatase, PafA, is widely distributed in the biosphere and has a distinct functional role in carbon acquisition, releasing phosphate as a by-product. PafA, therefore, represents an overlooked mechanism in the global phosphorus cycle and a hitherto cryptic route for the regeneration of bioavailable phosphorus in nature.
Mythopoetic legitimation and the recontextualisation of Europe’s foundational myth
Authors: Bennett Samuel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Using the example of the European Union’s foundational myth that post-war cooperation led to peace, in this paper I attempt to develop both a theory of mythopoetic legitimation and an analytical framework for its analysis. I start from the position that mythopoesis is a form of legitimation through history or, more specifically, through selective narratives of history. I utilise Berger and Luckmann’s social constructivism to show that myths are deeply sedimented narratives that integrate existing (objectivated) phenomena into a cohesive story. I then propose a framework for critically analysing myths as legitimation strategies. After detailing the EU’s origins story, the remainder of the paper operationalises the framework by analysing how the EU’s foundational myth is used in three, very different contexts: Brexit, the coronavirus pandemic, and a State of the Union address. In doing so, I argue that the EU has become a prisoner of the past it has mythologised.
Laser-induced activation of Mg-doped GaN: quantitative characterization and analysis
Authors: Nardo A , de Santi C , Carraro C , Sgarbossa F , Buffolo M , Diehle P , Gierth S , Altmann F , Hahn H , Fahle D , Heuken M , Fouchier M , Gasparotto A , Napolitani E , Meneghesso G , Zanoni E , Meneghini M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effectiveness of laser-induced treatment as compared to rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) for the activation of p-type dopant in Mg-doped GaN layers. The study is based on a wide set of analytical techniques, including resistivity measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning emission microscopy, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), time-of-flight (TOF) SIMS and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Samples are treated at different energy densities and in different atmospheres, to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The analysis is carried out on GaN-on-Si samples, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment even in presence of high threading dislocation densities. The original results presented in this paper indicate that: (a) laser treatment is an effective process for activating the p-type dopant in Mg-doped GaN layers; even at low irradiation energy densities (400 mJ cm−2) the laser treatment can effectively activate the Mg doping, with the best resistivity results obtained (around 1.5 Ωcm) comparable with those obtained by optimized RTA; (b) resistivity varies with temperature with activation energy E
a = 0.14 eV, which is compatible with the MgGa acceptor in GaN; (c) TOF-SIMS, AFM, EDX-STEM analysis indicates that the laser treatment does not modify the concentration profile of magnesium and surface roughness for low and moderate laser energy densities; changes are detected only for energy densities above 600 mJ cm−2, for which a significant degradation of the surface is revealed. The experimental evidence collected within this paper provide an accurate assessment of the process conditions for effective laser activation of Mg-doped GaN, thus allowing the fine-tuning required for selective activation and for industrial applications.
High responsivity of hybrid MoTe2/perovskite heterojunction photodetectors
Authors: Xie An , Jian Yuxian , Cheng Zichao , Gu Yu , Chen Zhanyang , Song Xiufeng , Yang Zaixing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterojunction offers alternative facile platforms for many optoelectronic devices due to no-dangling bonds and steep interface carrier gradient. Here, we demonstrate a 2D heterojunction device, which combines the benefits of high carrier mobility of 2D MoTe2 and strong light absorption of perovskite, to achieve excellent responsivity. This device architecture is constructed based on the charge carriers separation and transfer with the high-gain photogating effect at the interface of the heterojunction. The device exhibits high responsivity of 334.6 A W−1, impressive detectivity of 6.2 × 1010 Jones. All the results provide the insight into the benefits of interfacial carriers transfer for designing hybrid perovskite-2D materials based optoelectronic devices.