bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator–prey landscapes of large sharks and game fishes in the Florida Keys
Authors: Griffin Lucas P. , Casselberry Grace A. , Lowerre‐Barbieri Susan K. , Acosta Alejandro , Adams Aaron J. , Cooke Steven J. , Filous Alex , Friess Claudia , Guttridge Tristan L. , Hammerschlag Neil , Heim Vital , Morley Danielle , Rider Mitchell J. , Skomal Gregory B. , Smukall Matthew J. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Brownscombe Jacob W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterspecific interactions can play an essential role in shaping wildlife populations and communities. To date, assessments of interspecific interactions, and more specifically predator–prey dynamics, in aquatic systems over broad spatial and temporal scales (i.e., hundreds of kilometers and multiple years) are rare due to constraints on our abilities to measure effectively at those scales. We applied new methods to identify space‐use overlap and potential predation risk to Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) and permit (Trachinotus falcatus) from two known predators, great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) and bull (Carcharhinus leucas) sharks, over a 3‐year period using acoustic telemetry in the coastal region of the Florida Keys (USA). By examining spatiotemporal overlap, as well as the timing and order of arrival at specific locations compared to random chance, we show that potential predation risk from great hammerhead and bull sharks to Atlantic tarpon and permit are heterogeneous across the Florida Keys. Additionally, we find that predator encounter rates with these game fishes are elevated at specific locations and times, including a prespawning aggregation site in the case of Atlantic tarpon. Further, using machine learning algorithms, we identify environmental variability in overlap between predators and their potential prey, including location, habitat, time of year, lunar cycle, depth, and water temperature. These predator–prey landscapes provide insights into fundamental ecosystem function and biological conservation, especially in the context of emerging fishery‐related depredation issues in coastal marine ecosystems.
Species‐level tree crown maps improve predictions of tree recruit abundance in a tropical landscape
Authors: Barber Cristina , Graves Sarah J. , Hall Jefferson S. , Zuidema Pieter A. , Brandt Jodi , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Asner Gregory P. , Bailón Mario , Caughlin T. Trevor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPredicting forest recovery at landscape scales will aid forest restoration efforts. The first step in successful forest recovery is tree recruitment. Forecasts of tree recruit abundance, derived from the landscape‐scale distribution of seed sources (i.e., adult trees), could assist efforts to identify sites with high potential for natural regeneration. However, previous work revealed wide variation in the effect of seed sources on seedling abundance, from positive to no effect. We quantified the relationship between adult tree seed sources and tree recruits and predicted where natural recruitment would occur in a fragmented, tropical, agricultural landscape. We integrated species‐specific tree crown maps generated from hyperspectral imagery and property ownership data with field data on the spatial distribution of tree recruits from five species. We then developed hierarchical Bayesian models to predict landscape‐scale recruit abundance. Our models revealed that species‐specific maps of tree crowns improved recruit abundance predictions. Conspecific crown area had a much stronger impact on recruitment abundance (8.00% increase in recruit abundance when conspecific tree density increases from zero to one tree; 95% credible interval (CI): 0.80% to 11.57%) than heterospecific crown area (0.03% increase with the addition of a single heterospecific tree, 95% CI: −0.60% to 0.68%). Individual property ownership was also an important predictor of recruit abundance: The best performing model had varying effects of conspecific and heterospecific crown area on recruit abundance, depending on individual property ownership. We demonstrate how novel remote sensing approaches and cadastral data can be used to generate high‐resolution and landscape‐level maps of tree recruit abundance. Spatial models parameterized with field, cadastral, and remote sensing data are poised to assist decision support for forest landscape restoration.
Avian species richness and tropical urbanization gradients: Effects of woodland retention and human disturbance
Authors: Thaweepworadej Phakhawat , Evans Karl L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUrbanization is a major driver of tropical biodiversity loss. In temperate regions avian species richness–urbanization intensity relationships typically exhibit unimodal patterns, with peak richness at intermediate urbanization levels. In tropical regions, the form of such relationships and the extent to which they are moderated by patches of seminatural habitat are unclear. We address these questions in Bangkok, Thailand (one of the largest and most rapidly expanding tropical mega‐cities) and generate conservation recommendations for tropical biodiversity in urban locations. We use repeated point count surveys at a random location, and the largest available woodland patch, in 150 1 km × 1 km grid cells selected along the urbanization gradient. Woodland patches support higher species richness compared with randomized locations (except for non‐natives), and avian species richness declines linearly with increasing urbanization. The contrast with unimodal patterns in temperate regions is probably driven by divergent patterns of habitat heterogeneity along tropical and temperate urbanization gradients. Moreover, we provide novel evidence that retaining patches of urban woodland moderates adverse impacts of urbanization on avian species richness. For most species groups, the benefits of woodland increase as urbanization intensifies, despite such woodland patches being very small (mean of 0.38 ha). Avian species richness in woodland patches is maximized, and community composition less similar to that in randomized locations, when woodland patches are larger and visited by fewer people. Assemblages of forest‐dependent species (which provide additional ecological functions) have higher richness, and are less similar to those in randomized locations, in patches of woodland with higher tree species richness and biomass. Finally, species richness in randomized sites is greatest when they are closer to woodland patches, and such assemblages more closely resemble those of woodland sites. Our work highlights four strategies for tropical urban bird conservation: (1) conserving woodland patches across the urbanization gradient regardless of patch size, (2) improving the quality of existing woodland by increasing tree biomass and diversity, (3) creating additional woodland that is well distributed throughout the urban area to minimize effects of habitat isolation and (4) reducing human disturbance, especially in areas of the highest habitat quality, while ensuring that the benefits of connecting people to nature are realized in other locations.
Livestock grazing to maintain habitat of a critically endangered grassland bird: Is grazer species important?
Authors: Nugent Daniel T. , Baker‐Gabb David J. , Leonard Steve W. J. , Morgan John W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLivestock grazing is an important management tool for biodiversity conservation in many native grasslands across the globe. Understanding how different grazing species interact with their environment is integral to achieving conservation goals. In the semiarid grasslands of Australia, grazing by sheep or cattle is used to manipulate vegetation structure to suit the habitat needs of a globally unique, critically endangered grassland bird, the plains‐wandererPedionomus torquatus. However, there has been no investigation of whether sheep and cattle differ in their effects on plains‐wanderer habitat and, therefore, it is unknown if these grazers are substitutable as a management tool. Using a grazing experiment in native grasslands over 3 years, we determined the effects of grazer type (sheep, cattle) on occurrence and vocal activity of plains‐wanderer, vegetation structure and composition, and food availability. We also examined grazer effects on encounter rates of other grassland birds. Plains‐wanderer breeding activity was inferred from vocalization rates captured by bioacoustic recorders. Spotlighting was used to measure encounter rates of other grassland birds. We found that different grazers altered the structure of the habitat. Grasslands grazed by cattle were typically more open, less variable, and lacked patches of dense vegetation relative to those grazed by sheep. Grazer type did not influence the likelihood of plains‐wanderer occurrence, but it did interact with year of survey to affect breeding activity. The number of days with one or more calls significantly increased at sheep grazed sites in year‐3, which coincided with enduring drought conditions. Similarly, grazer effects on encounter rate of all birds, bird species richness, and Australasian pipitAnthus novaeseelandiaewere different between years. Dense vegetation specialists (such as stubble quailCoturnix pectoralis) were positively associated with grasslands grazed by sheep. As a habitat management tool, sheep or cattle grazing are useful when the goal is to support an open grassland structure for the plains‐wanderer. However, their substitutability is likely to be dependent upon climate. We caution that a loss of dense vegetation in grasslands grazed by cattle during drought could limit the availability of optimal habitat for the plains‐wanderer and habitat for other grassland birds.
Wild, tamed, and domesticated: Three fire macroregimes for global pyrogeography in the Anthropocene
Authors: Pereira José M. C. , Oom Duarte , Silva Pedro C. , Benali Akli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate and natural vegetation dynamics are key drivers of global vegetation fire, but anthropogenic burning now prevails over vast areas of the planet. Fire regime classification and mapping may contribute towards improved understanding of relationships between those fire drivers. We used 15 years of daily active fire data from the MODIS fire product (MCD14ML, collection 6) to create global maps of six fire descriptors (incidence, size inequality, season length, interannual variability, intensity, and fire season modality). Using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering, we identified three fire macroregimes: Wild, Tamed, and Domesticated, each of which splitting into prototypical and transitional regimes. Interpretation of the six fire regimes in terms of their main drivers relied on the global maps of anthromes and Köppen climate types. The analysis yielded a two‐dimensional space where the principal dimension of variability is primarily defined by interannual variability in fire activity and fire season length, and the secondary axis is based mainly on fire incidence. The Wild fire macroregime occurs mostly in cold wildlands, where burning is sporadic and fire seasons are short. Tamed fires predominate in seasonally dry tropical rangelands and croplands with high fire incidence. Domesticated fires are characteristic of humid, warm temperate and tropical croplands and villages with low fire incidence. The Tamed and Domesticated fire macroregimes, representing managed burning, account for 86% of all active fires in our dataset and for 70% of the global burnable area. Fourteen percent of active fires were found in the cold wildlands, and in the rangelands and forests of steppe and desert climates of the Wild macroregime. These results highlight the extent of human control over global pyrogeography in the Anthropocene.
Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede Polydesmus sp. GZCS‐2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda
Authors: Zuo Qing , Zhang Zhisheng , Shen Yanjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe subphylum Myriapoda included four extant classes (Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, and Pauropoda). Due to the limitation of taxon sampling, the phylogenetic relationships within Myriapoda remained contentious, especially for Diplopoda. Herein, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Polydesmus sp. GZCS‐2019 (Myriapoda: Polydesmida) and the mitochondrial genomes are circular molecules of 15,036 bp, with all genes encoded on + strand. The A+T content is 66.1%, making the chain asymmetric, and exhibits negative AT‐skew (−0.236). Several genes rearrangements were detected and we propose a new rearrangement model: “TD (N\R) L + C” based on the genome‐scale duplication + (non‐random/random) loss + recombination. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that Chilopoda and Symphyla both were monophyletic group, whereas Pauropoda was embedded in Diplopoda to form the Dignatha. Divergence time showed the first split of Myriapoda occurred between the Chilopoda and other classes (Wenlock period of Silurian). We combine phylogenetic analysis, divergence time, and gene arrangement to yield valuable insights into the evolutionary history and classification relationship of Myriapoda and these results support a monophyletic Progoneata and the relationship (Chilopoda + (Symphyla + (Diplopoda + Pauropoda))) within myriapod. Our results help to better explain the gene rearrangement events of the invertebrate mitogenome and lay the foundation for further phylogenetic study of Myriapoda.
Environmental DNA captures elasmobranch diversity in a temperate marine ecosystem
Authors: Liu Zifang , Collins Rupert A. , Baillie Charles , Rainbird Sophie , Brittain Rachel , Griffiths Andrew M. , Sims David W. , Mariani Stefano , Genner Martin J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany sharks, skates, and rays (elasmobranchs) are highly threatened by the activities of commercial fisheries, and a clear understanding of their distributions, diversity, and abundance can guide protective measures. However, surveying and monitoring elasmobranch species can be highly invasive or resource‐intensive, and utilization of non‐invasive environmental DNA‐based methods may overcome these problems. Here, we studied spatial and seasonal variation in the elasmobranch community of the Western English Channel using environmental DNA (eDNA) collected from surface and bottom waters periodically over an annual cycle (2017–2018). In total we recovered 13 elasmobranch species within eDNA samples, and the number of transformed eDNA reads was positively associated with species (hourly) catch data resolved from 105‐year time series trawl data (1914–2018). These results demonstrate the ability of eDNA to detect and semi‐quantitatively reflect the prevalence of historically dominant and rare elasmobranch species in this region. Notably, eDNA recorded a greater number of species per sampling event than a conventional trawl survey in the same area over the same sampling years (2017–2018). Several threatened species were recovered within the eDNA, including undulate ray, porbeagle shark, and thresher shark. Using eDNA, we found differences in elasmobranch communities among sampling stations and between seasons, but not between sampling depths. Collectively, our results suggest that non‐invasive eDNA‐based methods can be used to study the spatial and seasonal changes in the diversity and abundance of whole elasmobranch communities within temperate shelf habitats. Given the threatened status of many elasmobranchs in human‐impacted marine environments, eDNA analysis is poised to provide key information on their diversity and distributions to inform conservation‐focused monitoring and management.
Neighboring Group Participation of Benzoyl Protecting Groups in C3‐ and C6‐Fluorinated Glucose
Authors: Greis Kim , Kirschbaum Carla , Fittolani Giulio , Mucha Eike , Chang Rayoon , von Helden Gert , Meijer Gerard , Delbianco Martina , Seeberger Peter H. , Pagel Kevin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFluorination is a potent method to modulate chemical properties of glycans. Here, we study how C3‐ and C6‐fluorination of glucosyl building blocks influence the structure of the intermediate of the glycosylation reaction, the glycosyl cation. Using a combination of gas‐phase infrared spectroscopy and first‐principles theory, glycosyl cations generated from fluorinated and non‐fluorinated monosaccharides are structurally characterized. The results indicate that neighboring group participation of the C2‐benzoyl protecting group is the dominant structural motif for all building blocks, correlating with the β‐selectivity observed in glycosylation reactions. The infrared signatures indicate that participation of the benzoyl group in enhanced by resonance effects. Participation of remote acyl groups such as Fmoc or benzyl on the other hand is unfavored. The introduction of the less bulky fluorine leads to a change in the conformation of the ring pucker, whereas the structure of the active dioxolenium site remains unchanged.
A numerical study on smoke back‐layering length in V‐shaped tunnels under natural ventilation
Authors: Xie En , Zhao Wangda , Xu Zhisheng , Zhang Xiaochun , Xu Weiku , Wang Tianxiong , He Lu 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWhen a fire occurs at the lowest point of a V‐shaped tunnel, the stack effects on both sides have different directions and will compete with each other. The smoke back‐layering can be observed in the side with a smaller angle. In this work, the smoke back‐layering length in the V‐shaped tunnel was investigated by theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. The different inclination combinations of the V‐shaped tunnel and the heat release rates (HRRs) were concerned. The HRRs were set at 3, 5, 8, and 10 MW, respectively. An equivalent longitudinal velocity of the V‐shaped tunnel was proposed in this study. Different from the horizontal tunnel fire, the smoke back‐layering length decreased with the increase of the HRR in the V‐shaped tunnel due to the special smoke movement, and a prediction function was proposed to describe the relationship. After that, the effect of the different inclination combinations on the smoke back‐layering length was researched under the same HRR. The dimensionless smoke back‐layering length decreased with the rise of the sine difference between the two angles of the V‐shaped tunnel. In addition, when the smaller angle was fixed, the dimensionless smoke back‐layering length decreases logarithmically with the increase of the sine difference of the tunnel angles on both sides. At last, a semi‐empirical formula for smoke back‐layering length in V‐shaped tunnels was proposed.
Oral metastasis as the first indication of undiscovered malignancy at a distant site: A systematic review of 413 cases
Authors: de Carvalho Kimura Talita , Henschel Flávia Akemi Nakayama , Carneiro Mailon Cury , Santin Gabriela Cristina , Veltrini Vanessa Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis systematic review is the first to provide evidence regarding demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics, as well as information related to survival, of patients with oral and maxillofacial metastases of occult primary tumors. Case reports, case series, and cross‐sectional studies were included. Ten databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Overall, 353 articles (413 patients) were included. Statistically significant associations between survival and multiplicity of metastatic foci, and between each of the main primary sites and some features of the oral lesions were observed. Some clinical and imaging characteristics can help dentists in raising diagnostic suspicions and also in relating to plausible primary sites. Early diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial metastases can positively affect the survival rate when they are the only focus of dissemination, conferring an important role on the dentist.
COVID‐19 testing decisions and behaviours in two Australian cities
Authors: Robinson Penelope A. , Levy David C. , Hooker Claire , Shaban Ramon Z. , Nahidi Shizar , Leask Julie , Wiley Kerrie E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssue addressedHigh levels of testing are crucial for minimising the spread of COVID‐19. The aim of this study is to investigate what prevents people from getting a COVID‐19 test when they are experiencing respiratory symptoms.MethodsSemi‐structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 purposively sampled adults between 20 November 2020 and 3 March 2021 in two capital cities of Australia and analysed thematically. The analysis included people who reported having respiratory symptoms but who did not undergo a COVID‐19 test.ResultsParticipants appraised risks of having COVID‐19, of infecting others or being infected whilst attending a testing site. They often weighed these appraisals against practical considerations of knowing where and how to get tested, inconvenience or financial loss.ConclusionsClear public health messages communicating the importance of testing, even when symptoms are minor, may improve testing rates. Increasing the accessibility of testing centres, such as having them at transport hubs is important, as is providing adequate information about testing locations and queue lengths.So what?The findings of our study suggest that more needs to be done to encourage people to get tested for COVID‐19, especially when symptoms are minor. Clear communication about the importance of testing, along with easily accessible testing clinics, and financial support for those concerned about financial impacts may improve testing rates.
Impact of time to initiation of postoperative radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the prognosis of breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Xie Yuxin , Zhang Yingjie , Xie Keqi , Zhong Xiaorong , Zheng Hong , Gou Qiheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe optimal time to the initiation of postoperative radiotherapy (TTR) in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery is unclear. We explored the association between TTR and outcomes among breast cancer females to determine the optimal timing for radiotherapy. We included 1022 women with breast cancer who underwent NAC and surgery between 1997 and 2019. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the TTR: <8 weeks, 8 to 16 weeks and >16 weeks. We used Cox proportional hazards models and analyzed the hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer‐specific mortality (BCSM) and all‐cause mortality (ACM). The median TTR for the cohort was 97 days. Compared to patients with TTRs of 8 to 16 weeks, those with TTRs <8 weeks or >16 weeks had an increased risk of BCSM (HR, 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26‐5.36 and HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.24‐3.28, respectively) and ACM (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.17‐4.56 and HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.24‐2.98, respectively) after adjusting for the confounders. Furthermore, at TTR of >16 weeks, each additional week of TTR was associated with a 3% increase in BCSM risk and 2% increase in ACM risk. Our findings suggest that patients who have undergone NAC and surgery show lower BCSM and ACM risks at TTR of 8 to 16 weeks compared to <8 weeks or >16 weeks.