bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Activity for CO2 Hydrogenation is Linearly Dependent on Generated Oxygen Vacancies over CeO2‐Supported Pd Catalysts
Authors: Jiang Feng , Jiang Feng , Wang Shanshan , Xu Yuebing , Liu Bing , Liu Xiaohao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation to methanol is a promising way to achieve the utilization of CO2 to high‐value chemicals. Promoters are frequently applied to regulate the chemical and physical properties of catalysts, but their critical role in selective CO2 hydrogenation toward methanol over Pd/CeO2 is still far from clear. In this work, a series of promoters including La, Zr, Cr, Ca, Co, Cd, Zn, Bi, and K are selected to co‐impregnate with Pd precursor on ceria nanorods to reveal their impact on CO2 hydrogenation performance. It turns out that the catalytic activity over Pd/CeO2 catalyst is linearly dependent of the amount of created oxygen vacancies which determines by the nature of promoter. Especially, the introduction of Zr could incorporate into ceria lattice for the facile formation of oxygen vacancies, thus notably enhancing the catalytic activity with slightly higher methanol selectivity.
Emerging Trends in Fluorescence Bioimaging of Divalent Metal Cations Using Small‐Molecule Indicators
Authors: Liu Mingqiao , Zhang Junwei , Chen Zhixing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisualization of cation dynamics inside a living system represent a major breakthrough at the crossroad of chemistry and cellular physiology. Since the inception of BAPTA‐based cellular calcium indicators in the 1980s, generations of chemical and genetically encoded ion indicators spanning the visible spectrum have been developed. In this article, we bring up three emerging concepts in this field: 1. red‐shifting cation indicators towards far‐red and near‐infrared (NIR) channels; 2. directing the indicators to various subcellular localizations; 3. lowering the phototoxicity of indicators for long term recording. These initiatives collectively echo the advocate of 4D cellular physiology, where biological processes within living systems can be panoramically unveiled under 3D, long‐term, and multi‐channel imaging with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. This outlook poses exciting challenges and opportunities for chemists to upgrade the toolkit of fluorescent indicators as key enablers for a new era of imageomics.
Linking stakeholder pressure and corporate environmental competitiveness: The moderating effect of ISO 14001 adoption
Authors: Seroka‐Stolka Oksana , Fijorek Kamil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to understand the impact of overall stakeholder pressure (SP) on corporate environmental competitiveness (EC). We have also investigated the pressures derived from various groups of primary and secondary stakeholders on environmental competitiveness. Importantly, the moderation effect of the ISO 14001 adoption on the relationship between SP and EC has been explored. Although, the effect of stakeholder pressure on firms' environmental performance has been studied in the literature, the impact of stakeholder pressure on firms' environmental competitiveness is far less explored. The study also adds significantly to the ongoing discussion as the moderation effect of the ISO 14001 adoption on the relation between stakeholder pressure and environmental competitiveness has been scarcely explored in the literature so far. The results from the cascade of linear regression models have confirmed a positive and significant effect of (overall, primary, secondary) stakeholder pressure on environmental competitiveness. The regression models have also confirmed the presence of the moderation effect of the ISO 14001 adoption on environmental competitiveness.
Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent**
Authors: da Cruz Márcia G. A. , Gueret Robin , Chen Jianhong , Piątek Jędrzej , Beele Björn , Sipponen Mika H. , Frauscher Marcella , Budnyk Serhiy , Rodrigues Bruno V. M. , Slabon Adam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBreaking down lignin into smaller units is the key to generate high value‐added products. Nevertheless, dissolving this complex plant polyphenol in an environment‐friendly way is often a challenge. Levulinic acid, which is formed during the hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass, has been shown to efficiently dissolve lignin. Herein, levulinic acid was evaluated as a medium for the reductive electrochemical depolymerization of the lignin macromolecule. Copper was chosen as the electrocatalyst due to the economic feasibility and low activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. After depolymerization, high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed lignin‐derived monomers and dimers. A predominance of aryl ether and phenolic groups was observed. Depolymerized lignin was further evaluated as an anti‐corrosion coating, revealing enhancements on the electrochemical stability of the metal. Via a simple depolymerization process of biomass waste in a biomass‐based solvent, a straightforward approach to produce high value‐added compounds or tailored biobased materials was demonstrated.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices
Authors: Mochimaru Tomoaki , Hikichi Takuto , Hashimoto Minami , Nakamura Jun , Takasumi Mika , Kato Tsunetaka , Kobashi Ryoichiro , Yanagita Takumi , Suzuki Rei , Sugimoto Mitsuru , Sato Yuki , Irie Hiroki , Takagi Tadayuki , Kobayakawa Masao , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the standard treatment for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). However, the treatment strategy for SESCC complicated by esophageal varices (EVs) has not been established. We report two cases of SESCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by EVs who underwent ESD. Case 1 presented with EVs on the anal side of the SESCC, and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was performed before ESD. After EVL, the SESCC was successfully treated by ESD without any adverse events. Case 2 presented EVs from the anal side of the SESCC to the submucosa just below the SESCC. Then, EVL and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with polidocanol were performed before ESD. However, ESD was not completed because of severe bleeding by uncontrolled blood flow below and around the SESCC. Bleeding during ESD was controlled in case 1, but not in case 2.
Efficacy of at home monitoring of foot temperature for risk reduction of diabetes‐related foot ulcer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Fernando Malindu E , Alahakoon Chanika , Lazzarini Peter A. , aan de Stegge Wouter B. , van Netten Jaap J. , Bus Sicco A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo perform an updated systematic review of randomised controlled trials examining the efficacy of at‐home foot temperature monitoring in reducing the risk of a diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU).MethodsSystematic review performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Risk‐of‐bias was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Meta‐analyses were performed using random effect models. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses and a sub‐analysis excluding trials considered at high risk‐of‐bias assessed the consistency of the findings. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with GRADE.ResultsFive randomised controlled trials involving 772 participants meeting the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) risk category 2 or 3 were included. All trials reported instructing participants to measure skin temperature at‐home at six or more sites on each foot using a hand‐held infra‐red thermometer at least daily and reduce ambulatory activity in response to hotspots (temperature differences >2.2°C on two consecutive days between similar locations in both feet). One, one, and three trials were considered at low, moderate and high risk‐of‐bias, respectively. Participants allocated to at‐home foot temperature monitoring had a reduced risk of developing a DFU (relative risk 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.84) compared to controls. Sensitivity and sub‐analyses suggested that the significance of this finding was consistent. The GRADE assessment suggested a low degree of certainty in the finding.ConclusionsAt‐home daily foot temperature monitoring and reduction of ambulatory activity in response to hotspots reduce the risk of a DFU in moderate or high risk people with a low level of certainty.
Transcriptomic analyses of NeuroD1‐mediated astrocyte‐to‐neuron conversion
Authors: Ma Ning‐Xin , Puls Brendan , Chen Gong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEctopic expression of a single neural transcription factor NeuroD1 can reprogram reactive glial cells into functional neurons both in vitro and in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood yet. Here, we used RNA‐sequencing technology to capture the transcriptomic changes at different time points during the reprogramming process. We found that following NeuroD1 overexpression, astroglial genes (ACTG1, ALDH1A3, EMP1, CLDN6, SOX21) were significantly downregulated, whereas neuronal genes (DCX, RBFOX3/NeuN, CUX2, RELN, SNAP25) were significantly upregulated. NeuroD family members (NeuroD1/2/6) and signaling pathways (Wnt, MAPK, cAMP) as well as neurotransmitter receptors (acetylcholine, somatostatin, dopamine) were also significantly upregulated. Gene co‐expression analysis identified many central genes among the NeuroD1‐interacting network, including CABP7, KIAA1456, SSTR2, GADD45G, LRRTM2, and INSM1. Compared to chemical conversion, we found that NeuroD1 acted as a strong driving force and triggered fast transcriptomic changes during astrocyte‐to‐neuron conversion process. Together, this study reveals many important downstream targets of NeuroD1 such as HES6, BHLHE22, INSM1, CHRNA1/3, CABP7, and SSTR2, which may play critical roles during the transcriptomic landscape shift from a glial profile to a neuronal profile.
Plant community data collected by Robert H. Whittaker in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California, USA
Authors: Whittaker Robert H. , Damschen Ellen I. , Harrison Susan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 1949–1951, ecologist Robert H. Whittaker sampled plant community composition at 470 sites in the Siskiyou Mountains (Oregon and California; also known as Klamath or Klamath‐Siskiyou Mountains). His primary goal was to develop methods to quantify plant community variation across environmental gradients, following on his seminal work challenging communities as discrete entities. He selected the Siskiyous because of their diverse and endemic‐rich flora, which he attributed to geological complexity and an ancient stable climate. He chose sites to span gradients of topography, elevation, geologic substrate, and distance from the coast. He used the frequencies of indicator species in his data to assign sampling locations to positions on the topographic gradient, nested within the elevational and substrate gradients. He originated in this study the concept of diversity partitioning, in which gamma diversity (species richness of a community) equals alpha diversity (species richness in homogeneous sites) times beta diversity (species turnover among sites along gradients). Diversity partitioning subsequently became highly influential and new developments on it continue. Whittaker published his Siskiyou work covering paleohistory, biogeography, floristics, vegetation, gradient analysis, and diversity partitioning in Ecological Monographs in 1960. Discussed in 2 pages of his 60‐page monograph, diversity partitioning accounts for >95% of its current >4300 citations. In 2006, we retrieved Whittaker's Siskiyou data in hard copy from the Cornell University archives and entered them in a database. We used these data for multiple published analyses, including some based on (re)sampling the approximate locations of a subset of his sites. Because of the continued interest in diversity partitioning and in historic data sets, here we present his data, including 359 sampling locations and their descriptors and, for each sample, a list of species with their estimated percent cover (herbs and shrubs) and numbers by diameter at breast height (DBH) category (trees). Site descriptors include the approximate location (road, trail, or stream), elevation, topographic aspect, geologic substrate (serpentine, gabbro, or diorite), and dominant woody vegetation of each location. For 111 sites, including the small number chosen to represent the distance‐to‐coast gradient, we could not locate his data. There are no copyright restrictions and users of these data should cite this data paper in any publications that result from its use. The authors are available for consultations about and collaborations involving the data.
Simulation of microwave electrodeless ultraviolet device and catalytic oxidation of toluene
Authors: Zhang Xiaojiao , Li Dengxin , Liu Chang , Guan Jie , Guo Yaoguang , Yuan Hao , Zhang Chenglong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the catalytic efficiency of toluene oxidation by heating catalyst and carrier in microwave single‐mode sintering furnace, the SJ‐1 microwave single‐mode sintering furnace is modified, and microwave electroless UV lamp is placed in the resonant cavity, and the catalytic efficiency of toluene is improved by using microwave electroless lamp in cooperation with microwave heating catalyst and carrier. In order to design the cavity, High‐Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulation is used to simulate it. The position of the waveguide, the position of the electroless UV lamp and its distance from the cavity center, and different input powers are simulated and analyzed, respectively. The electric field distribution diagram is obtained. According to the simulation analysis results, the waveguide on the left side, the cavity height of 300 mm, diameter of 160 mm aluminum alloy cavity is designed. The center of the lamp is 43 mm away from the center of the cylindrical cavity. The toluene catalytic efficiency is more than 94% at space speed of 6336.93 h−1, relative humidity of 50%, microwave input power of 455.6 W and initial toluene concentration of 60 ppm. It provides theoretical reference and guidance for the design of microwave electroless lamp thermal catalytic device.
Biodiesel from waste oil under mild conditions by a combination of calcium‐strontium oxide nanocatalyst and ultrasonic waves
Authors: Shahraini Narjes , Entezari Mohammad H. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe transesterification of waste oils to biodiesel was carried out in the presence and absence of ultrasound. A new nanocatalyst of the calcium‐strontium oxide was applied with high catalytic activity. The innovation of this work is an environmentally friendly synthesized nanocatalyst with ultrasound at low temperatures. After synthesis, the nanocatalyst was characterized with FESEM, FT‐IR, and CO2‐TPD, NH3‐TPD. It was mesoporous and showed great basicity by the CO2‐TPD method. The highest conversion of biodiesel was 99.2% under optimal reaction conditions (2.5 wt% nanocatalyst, oil to methanol molar ratio 1:6, time 40 minutes, temperature 35°C, and 42% amplitude of ultrasound). 1HNMR, FTIR, and GC‐FID tracked the characterization of biodiesel. The physical and fuel properties of biodiesel were evaluated according to the ASTM standardized method. Based on a kinetic study, the activation energy in the mechanical agitation method was about twice as high as in the ultrasonic method. A high turnover frequency and low environmental factors indicate that biodiesel synthesis from waste oil with this nanocatalyst is fast, efficient, and effective in the environment. Biodiesel was synthesized using calcium‐strontium oxide nanocatalyst, waste oil, and ultrasonic in a green and eco‐friendly process with time and cost savings.Highlights
Calcium‐strontium oxide is a novel super base nanocatalyst synthesized for transesterification.
The highest biodiesel yield achieves 99.2 wt% from this green synthesis with a low E‐factor.
The reaction followed the pseudo‐first‐order kinetics model.
The turnover frequency of nanocatalyst is suitable for an industrial application.
The calcium strontium oxide has proper reusability up to the six‐run.
Rapid and deposition‐free preheating of lithium‐ion cell with square wave current
Authors: Zhang Zeping , Yang Xiaolong , Jian Jiting , Wang Shixue , Gong Jinke , Zhang Jianbo 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYAlternating current preheating can effectively heat the cell while preventing lithium deposition. However, its application in real situation is limited by availability of negative electrode impedance and generation of sinusoidal alternating current (SAC). Based on the fact that negative electrode impedance is dominant in full cell impedance at low temperatures, the strategy of replacing the negative electrode impedance with the full cell impedance is proposed. Generating SAC on vehicle is costly, and may not be the most efficient waveshape in preheating the cell. The strategy of substituting SAC using square wave alternating current (SWAC) is further proposed. Based on the former strategy, applicability boundaries of preventing lithium deposition in terms of frequency and maximum permissible current amplitude for SWAC are provided. Its effectiveness is checked using an 18 650 cell. Neither apparent lithium deposition nor life degradation is exhibited after repeated preheating of 600 min. The preheating rate with different current waveshapes are experimentally compared. The SWAC has larger preheating capability and can warm up the cell in shorter time. To further improve the preheating rate, a temperature‐adaptive profile is developed according to the applicability boundaries, successfully preheating an 18 650 cell from −20°C to 6°C in 540 s.
ONOS Flood Defender: An Intelligent Approach to Mitigate DDoS Attack in SDN
Authors: Aslam Naziya , Srivastava Shashank , Gore M. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoftware‐Defined Networking (SDN) has made its place in the networks as new technology. SDN's programmable behavior enables it to change behavior on the fly, provides instructions for the task's automatic performance, dynamic scaling, and service integration. These advantages have made SDN necessary in networks. However, SDN suffers from the threat of DDoS attack. We have developed an approach to mitigate these threats by creating an ONOS Flood Defender Application (OFD App). This app effectively detects DDoS attack using supervised and ensemble machine learning techniques and mitigates them by tracebacking the attack traffic to its origin. Our results show that ensemble machine learning techniques perform better than single machine learning algorithm to detect DDoS attack. Random Forest classifier (RFC), an ensemble technique, performs best with the highest accuracy of 99.3% in detecting DDoS attack, followed by XGBoost classifier with an accuracy of 99%. The proposed framework of the OFD app is implemented in a Mininet emulator and ONOS SDN controller. The application performs effectively in terms of time, accuracy, and overhead of the system. Our app efficiently mitigates the attacks, thereby preventing a tremendous amount of damage to legitimate users.
Synthesis of (−)‐menthol: Industrial synthesis routes and recent development
Authors: Dylong Dominik , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Palkovits Regina , Eisenacher Matthias 
Published: May 2022

Abstract(−)‐Menthol is one of the most popular aroma compounds worldwide. While in the past mostly extracted from mint plants, today (−)‐menthol synthesis from other raw materials is becoming more relevant. Common starting materials for menthol synthesis are m‐cresol, citral and myrcene, but also substrates like menthone, mono‐ and bicyclic terpenes and terpenoids have been used for this purpose in the past. As for many applications (−)‐menthol of high purity is required, asymmetric syntheses and enantiomeric resolution of obtained raw products are applied for menthol production. This review gives an overview on the most important synthetic menthol production processes of the companies Symrise, Takasago and BASF and relevant literature in the field of menthol synthesis with a focus on the last 20 years.
Beta and size equity premia following a high‐VIX threshold
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Connolly Robert A. , Stivers Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show that a positive risk premium from holding high‐beta stocks (vs. low‐beta stocks) and small‐cap stocks (vs. large‐cap stocks) is reliably earned only after the expected stock‐market volatility breaches a high threshold at about the 80th percentile. When exceeding this threshold at month , then sizable positive average returns from beta and size exposure are persistently evident over months to ; otherwise the premia are near zero. Conversely, we find no comparable threshold behavior for the Fama–French HML, RMW, and CMA factors. Our investigation suggests several economic channels as likely contributors behind these threshold risk‐return findings.
Ruxolitinib combined with prednisone, thalidomide and danazol in patients with myelofibrosis: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Qu Shiqiang , Xu Zefeng , Qin Tiejun , Li Bing , Pan Lijuan , Chen Jia , Yan Xin , Wu Junying , Zhang Yudi , Zhang Peihong , Gale Robert Peter , Xiao Zhijian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRuxolitinib is a safe and effective therapy of myeloproliferative neoplasm‐associated (MPN) myelofibrosis. However, often there are dose reductions and/or therapy interruptions because of therapy‐related adverse events (AEs), especially anemia and thrombocytopenia. We previously reported combined therapy with prednisone, thalidomide and danazol (PTD) reversed anemia and thrombocytopenia in people with MPN‐associated myelofibrosis. We wondered whether adding PTD to ruxolitinib might mitigate the hematologic AEs and thereby avoid the dose reduction of ruxolitinib and improve the efficacy. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a baseline hemoglobin and platelet concentration assignment prospective observational study in 72 patients comparing 3‐month dose adjustment and efficacy of ruxolitinib with (N = 53, the study group) or without (N = 19, the control group) PTD. According to the platelet counts, the median daily ruxolitinib doses in the study group increased from 30 to 40 mg by week 12, whereas in the control group it remained at 30 mg (p = 0.019). In the study group 35 patients had a hemoglobin increase ≥10 g/L compared with no patient receiving ruxolitinib only (p < 0.001). Platelet increases >100 × 10E+9/L were seen in 56.6% and 5.3% of patients in the two groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia, 18 patients in the study group had an anemia response at week 12 and 12 had a platelet increase of ≥50 × 10E+9/L. No patient in the control group achieved either response (p < 0.001 and p = 0.078). The study group had a more spleen response than the control group (p = 0.046). Peripheral edema and transaminase elevation were the main nonhematologic AEs of PTD. These AEs can be alleviated by adjusting the danazol dose. In conclusion, adding PTD to ruxolitinib improved ruxolitinib‐associated anemia and thrombocytopenia, and resulted in a higher ruxolitinib dose.