bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methoxy‐activated indole‐7‐carbohydrazides; synthesis, antioxidant, and anticancer properties
Authors: Kandemir Hakan , İzgi Samet , Cınar Irfan , Cebeci Fatma , Dirican Ebubekir , Saglam Mehmet F. , Sengul Ibrahim F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndole has been known as a key heterocyclic motif in the development of new structures for both chemical and biological properties. In this current study, a new range of indole‐7‐carbohydrazides has been successfully synthesized starting from the readily available 3‐phenyl and 2,3‐diphenyl 4,6‐dimethoxyindoles. The structures of the novel compounds were confirmed by utilizing1H NMR,13C NMR, FT‐IR, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and single crystal X‐ ray diffraction techniques. In addition, the indole‐7‐carbohydrazides showed promising antioxidant results in preliminary screens. Some of the new compounds generated from dimethoxy indoles were also screened for their anticancer activity against SH‐SHY5Y (human neuroblastoma), AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma), and MDA‐MB‐231 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The results revealed that the compound12was the promising candidate, showing cytotoxic effects on both neuroblastoma, stomach, and breast cancer cells.
Ultrarapid and ultrasensitive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in COVID‐19 patients via a 3D‐printed nanomaterial‐based biosensing platform
Authors: Ali Md. Azahar , Zhang George Fei , Hu Chunshan , Yuan Bin , Jahan Sanjida , Kitsios Georgios D. , Morris Alison , Gao Shou‐Jiang , Panat Rahul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRapid detection of antibodies during infection and after vaccination is critical for the control of infectious outbreaks, understanding immune response, and evaluating vaccine efficacy. In this manuscript, we evaluate a simple ultrarapid test for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in COVID‐19 patients, which gives quantitative results (i.e., antibody concentration) in 10–12 s using a previously reported nanomaterial‐based three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed biosensing platform. This platform consists of a micropillar array electrode fabricated via 3D printing of aerosolized gold nanoparticles and coated with nanoflakes of graphene and specific SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens, including spike S1, S1 receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). The sensor works on the principle of electrochemical transduction, where the change of sensor impedance is realized by the interactions between the viral proteins attached to the sensor electrode surface and the antibodies. The three sensors were used to test samples from 17 COVID‐19 patients and 3 patients without COVID‐19. Unlike other serological tests, the 3D sensors quantitatively detected antibodies at a concentration as low as picomole within 10–12 s in human plasma samples. We found that the studied COVID‐19 patients had higher concentrations of antibodies to spike proteins (RBD and S1) than to the N protein. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of the rapid antibody test platform for understanding patients' immunity, disease epidemiology and vaccine efficacy, and facilitating the control and prevention of infectious epidemics.
How the CMIP6 climate models project the historical terrestrial GPP in China
Authors: Zhang Chi , Qi Wei , Dong Jinwei , Deng Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGross primary production (GPP) is an important indicator that measures the carbon uptake by vegetation through photosynthesis. How the latest climate models project GPP is critical for climate change evaluation and ecosystem prediction. This study compares the historical runs of seven climate models joining CMIP6 with an observation‐based dataset from 1980 to 2013 in China. It is found that BCC‐CSM2‐MR and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR from Beijing Climate Center and the Max Planck Institute give the best estimation of climatological GPP at both regional and national scales. MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR performs much better than others in characterizing the spatial structure in regions other than the temperate continental, while CMCC‐CM2‐SR5 from Italy performs the best in the temperate monsoonal. No climate model can capture well the GPP interannual variation even over one climate zone. BCC‐CSM2‐MR is a not‐too‐bad choice as it provides the most positively and significantly correlated GPP grids with observations. Further analyses reveal that BCC‐CSM2‐MR and CMCC‐CM2‐SR5 can well capture ecosystem response to climate over regions except for the Tibetan Plateau. With the response parameters and the observational climate, the two climate models can simply rebuild the GPP variabilities as the observational. Over the Tibetan Plateau, all climate models produce spuriously too large precipitation, which turns precipitation from the most confining into no longer significantly influential to the ecosystem. It highlights the urgency to improve the modelling of the Plateau climate and the corresponding ecosystem‐climate feedbacks.
Interfacial Bionic Design and Performance Evaluation of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber@SBS Modified Binder
Authors: Xing Susu , Liu Yu , Muhammad Yaseen , He Lu , Yang Ling , Tang Xiaqing , Pei Ruinan , Zhao Zhenxia , Li Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of fiber composites are greatly affected by the interfacial interactions between the fibers and matrix, and hence the study of interfacial properties becomes critical. This study demonstrates a simple and effective interfacial modification process using polydopamine (PDA) coating with ZnO nanorods to construct a multi‐scale bionic structure on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, which is conducive to increasing the bonding area and enhancing the load transfer, thus boosting the mechanical properties of the modified fiber‐incorporated asphalt binder. The cone penetration test and thermogravimetric analysis show that the octopus‐inspired multiscale PAN fiber (OIM‐PAN) composite styrene butadiene styrene modified binder (SBS/MB) has better shear strength and thermal stability. Dynamic shear rheometer test shows that the deformation resistance and viscoelastic properties of the fiber composite SBS/MB are enhanced compared with SBS/MB, and the OIM‐PAN composite SBS/MB (OIM‐PAN@SBS/MB) exhibits the best deformation resistance and viscoelastic properties. Thus, it can be concluded that this interfacial modification process can significantly improve the mechanical properties of fiber–asphalt composites by introducing a third phase between the fiber and asphalt interface to achieve functionally graded material properties and enhance the load transfer between the interfaces for large‐scale applications in road engineering and construction sites.
Soothe the savage beast: Patient perceptions of the benefits of music therapy in an inpatient rehabilitation facility
Authors: Edwards Evan R. , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite the known benefits of music therapy (MT) and its potential applications in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), there remains a lack of access to MT in a significant number of hospitals in the United States. Exploration of stakeholder (e.g., physician, therapist, and patient) perceptions as a potential barrier to uptake has been limited.ObjectiveTo assess the favorability of patients admitted to an IRF toward MT through the domains of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. We hypothesized that patient domain scores would reflect a favorable perception of MT across rehabilitation diagnoses.DesignDescriptive and cross‐sectional survey.SettingFree‐standing, acute IRF.PatientsA total of 119 English‐speaking, adult patients across three impairment categories (general rehabilitation, spinal cord injury, and brain injury) were recruited over a 3‐month period and during each patient's hospital stay.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresA modified version of the Global Complementary/Alternative and Music Therapy Assessment (GCAMTA) measured the domains of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs.ResultsAn overall response rate of 79.3% was achieved. Most patients (n = 95; 79.8%) scored in either the favorable or neutral ranges of the instrument. Age correlated negatively (r = −0.193, p < .05) with total score, whereas highest level of education correlated positively (rs = 0.222, p < .05). There were no significant differences in scores across impairment categories (V = 0.068, p = .232). Knowledge scores, controlling for education and age, predicted 30.4% of the variance in attitudes and beliefs scores (R2 = 0.304, p < .001).ConclusionsIt is unlikely that patient perceptions are a barrier to MT uptake. Younger, more educated patients have higher knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about MT. Increasing patient knowledge about MT may improve their attitudes and beliefs, thereby further optimizing this therapy for widespread use.
Early divergence of translation initiation and elongation factors
Authors: Fer Evrim , McGrath Kaitlyn M. , Guy Lionel , Hockenberry Adam J. , Kaçar Betül 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein translation is a foundational attribute of all living cells. The translation function carried out by the ribosome critically depends on an assortment of protein interaction partners, collectively referred to as the translation machinery. Various studies suggest that the diversification of the translation machinery occurred prior to the last universal common ancestor, yet it is unclear whether the predecessors of the extant translation machinery factors were functionally distinct from their modern counterparts. Here we reconstructed the shared ancestral trajectory and subsequent evolution of essential translation factor GTPases, elongation factor EF‐Tu (aEF‐1A/eEF‐1A), and initiation factor IF2 (aIF5B/eIF5B). Based upon their similar functions and structural homologies, it has been proposed that EF‐Tu and IF2 emerged from an ancient common ancestor. We generated the phylogenetic tree of IF2 and EF‐Tu proteins and reconstructed ancestral sequences corresponding to the deepest nodes in their shared evolutionary history, including the last common IF2 and EF‐Tu ancestor. By identifying the residue and domain substitutions, as well as structural changes along the phylogenetic history, we developed an evolutionary scenario for the origins, divergence and functional refinement of EF‐Tu and IF2 proteins. Our analyses suggest that the common ancestor of IF2 and EF‐Tu was an IF2‐like GTPase protein. Given the central importance of the translation machinery to all cellular life, its earliest evolutionary constraints and trajectories are key to characterizing the universal constraints and capabilities of cellular evolution.
A pair of isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetases in Bacilli fulfills complementary roles to keep fast translation and provide antibiotic resistance
Authors: Zanki Vladimir , Bozic Bartol , Mocibob Marko , Ban Nenad , Gruic‐Sovulj Ita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIsoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase (IleRS) is an essential enzyme that covalently couples isoleucine to the corresponding tRNA. Bacterial IleRSs group in two clades, ileS1 and ileS2, the latter bringing resistance to the natural antibiotic mupirocin. Generally, bacteria rely on either ileS1 or ileS2 as a standalone housekeeping gene. However, we have found an exception by noticing that Bacillus species with genomic ileS2 consistently also keep ileS1, which appears mandatory in the family Bacillaceae. Taking Priestia (Bacillus) megaterium as a model organism, we showed that PmIleRS1 is constitutively expressed, while PmIleRS2 is stress‐induced. Both enzymes share the same level of the aminoacylation accuracy. Yet, PmIleRS1 exhibited a two‐fold faster aminoacylation turnover (kcat) than PmIleRS2 and permitted a notably faster cell‐free translation. At the same time, PmIleRS2 displayed a 104‐fold increase in its Ki for mupirocin, arguing that the aminoacylation turnover in IleRS2 could have been traded‐off for antibiotic resistance. As expected, a P. megaterium strain deleted for ileS2 was mupirocin‐sensitive. Interestingly, an attempt to construct a mupirocin‐resistant strain lacking ileS1, a solution not found among species of the family Bacillaceae in nature, led to a viable but compromised strain. Our data suggest that PmIleRS1 is kept to promote fast translation, whereas PmIleRS2 is maintained to provide antibiotic resistance when needed. This is consistent with an emerging picture in which fast‐growing organisms predominantly use IleRS1 for competitive survival.
Recent advances to overcome the burden of Japanese encephalitis: A zoonotic infection with problematic early detection
Authors: Pinapati Kishore Kumar , Tandon Reetika , Tripathi Pratima , Srivastava Nidhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractJapanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector‐borne neurotropic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) associated with high mortality rate distributed from Eastern and Southern Asia to Northern Queensland (Australia). The challenges in early detection and lack of point‐of‐care biomarkers make it the most important Flavivirus causing encephalitis. There is no specific treatment for the disease, although vaccines are licenced. In this review, we focussed on point‐of‐care biomarkers as early detection tools and developing the effective therapeutic agents that could halt JE. We have also provided molecular details of JEV, disease progression, and its pathogenesis with recent findings which might bring insights to overcome the disease burden.
Lattice Strained B‐Doped Ni Nanoparticles for Efficient Electrochemical H2O2 Synthesis
Authors: Fu Hui , Zhang Nan , Lai Feili , Zhang Longsheng , Wu Zhenzhong , Li Hanjun , Zhu Haiyan , Liu Tianxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurface strains are necessary to optimize the oxygen adsorption energy during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the four‐electron process, but the surface strains regulation for ORR in the two‐electron process to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is rarely studied. Herein, it is reported that the tensile strained B‐doped Ni nanoparticles on carbon support (Ni‐B@BNC) could enhance the adsorption of O2, stabilize OO bond, and boost the electrocatalytic ORR to H2O2. Moreover, the Ni‐B@BNC catalysts exhibit volcano‐type activity for electrocatalytic ORR to H2O2 as a function of the strain intensity, which is controlled by B content. Among them, Ni4‐B1@BNC exhibits the highest H2O2 selectivity of over 86%, H2O2 yield of 128.5 mmol h–1 g–1, and Faraday efficiency of 94.9% at 0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode as well as durable stability after successive cycling, being one of the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for two‐electron ORR. The density functional theory calculations reveal that tensile strain introduced by doping B into Ni nanoparticles could decrease the state density of Ni‐3d orbital and optimize the binding energy of OOH* during ORR. A new direction is provided here for the design of highly active and stable catalysts for potential H2O2 production and beyond.
Polyglycerol Functionalized 10B Enriched Boron Carbide Nanoparticle as an Effective Bimodal Anticancer Nanosensitizer for Boron Neutron Capture and Photothermal Therapies
Authors: Wang Yuquan , Reina Giacomo , Kang Heon Gyu , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zou Yajuan , Ishikawa Yoshie , Suzuki Minoru , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a non‐invasive cancer treatment with little adverse effect utilizing nuclear fission of 10B upon neutron irradiation. While neutron source has been developed from a nuclear reactor to a compact accelerator, only two kinds of drugs, boronophenylalanine and sodium borocaptate, have been clinically used for decades despite their low tumor specificity and/or retentivity. To overcome these challenges, various boron‐containing nanomaterials, or “nanosensitizers”, have been designed based on micelles, (bio)polymers and inorganic nanoparticles. Among them, inorganic nanoparticles such as boron carbide can include a much higher 10B content, but successful in vivo applications are very limited. Additionally, recent reports on the photothermal effect of boron carbide are motivating for the addition of another modality of photothermal therapy. In this study, 10B enriched boron carbide (10B4C) nanoparticle is functionalized with polyglycerol (PG), giving 10B4C‐PG with enough dispersibility in a physiological environment. Pharmacokinetic experiments show that 10B4C‐PG fulfills the following three requirements for BNCT; 1) low intrinsic toxicity, 2) 10B in tumor/tumor tissue (wt/wt) ≥ 20 ppm, and 3) 10B concentrations in tumor/blood ≥ 3. In vivo study reveals that neutron irradiation after intravenous administration of 10B4C‐PG suppresses cancer growth significantly and eradicates cancer with the help of near‐infrared light irradiation.
Mixed convective Williamson nanofluid flow over a rotating disk with zero mass flux
Authors: Prasad Kerehalli V. , Setty Srikantha B. , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh , Vaidya Hanumesh , Choudhari Rajashekhar , Animasaun Isaac Lare 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis analysis concentrates on mixed convective unsteady two‐dimensional, viscous hydro‐magnetic Williamson nanofluid flow with heat, and mass transport toward a stretchable rotating disk with suction/injection and joule heating. In addition, convective and zero mass flux conditions are implemented at the boundary to study the flow characteristics. The converted coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are tackled utilizing a semi‐analytical technique known as Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM). The obtained outcomes are illustrated graphically to anticipate the features of the governing terms affecting the flow model. The surface skin friction, heat, and mass transport rates are deduced and discussed in detail. The validation of the present article is verified and converges to earlier published statistics. Interestingly, analysis reveals that suction/injection parameter on axial and radial velocity profiles are quite the opposite and is identical in the case of thermal and concentration buoyancy parameter. Furthermore, the Weissenberg number dominates the flow movement; the unsteady parameter lessens the momentum and thermal boundary layer (BL) thickness.
Methodology for the Development and Validation of New Stent Designs: In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Authors: Kram Wolfgang , de la Cruz Julia E. , Humphreys Owen , Buchholz Noor , Soria Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe urinary tract is a highly complex, dynamic and variable environment that renders the development of urinary stents extremely challenging. It is mandatory that previous to clinical trials, innovations in urinary medical devices are tested in a preclinical context. The steps of translational research in this regard includein silico,in vitro,ex vivoandin vivoassessments. In this chapter, a critical review of the in vitro stent assessment models is performed, outlining briefly their strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, a discussion concerning the available animal models for urinary stent evaluation is made with the aim of providing a critical guide for experimental preclinical evaluation of urological devices.
Coatings for Urinary Stents: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: Domingues Beatriz , Silva Joana M. , Aroso Ivo M. , Lima Estêvão , Barros Alexandre A. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUrinary stent coatings are a strategy to tackle certain complications associated with the use of biomaterials. The latest innovations in surface coatings focused on the prevention of those problems, thus reducing further costs with treatments. Urinary stents associated symptoms, infections and encrustation are considered the major challenges, and, in an attempt to prevent such morbidity, several strategies were developed. Hence, coatings have been designed to improve quality of life for patients, reducing the friction, inhibiting uropathogens survival or attachment on stents, and avoiding the deposition of urinary crystals that triggers encrustation. Currently for ureteral stents, hydrophilic and diamond-like carbon coatings are commercial options associated with an enhanced performance of devices, comparing with uncoated ones. These commercially available approaches are all anti-adhesive coatings, and, in the general overview, this type of strategy appears to be a superior alternative than bactericidal coatings. Designs that trigger uropathogen death are usually associated with higher toxicity, and, in some cases, it can even favor the development of microbial resistance, which can hamper the infection treatment. With the present knowledge about antimicrobial mechanisms and inspired by nature, more cutting-edge alternatives, able to confer antimicrobial properties to the inner and outer parts of stents, will surely appear.
Impairment of APPL1/Myoferlin facilitates adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by blocking autophagy flux in osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Yunhui , Liu Wenjie , Yuan Weiquan , Cai Zhaopeng , Ye Guiwen , Zheng Guan , Xu Chenhao , Wang Xinglang , zeng Chenying , Mi Rujia , Feng Pei , Chen Fenglei , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn imbalance of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation is crucial in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, and elucidation of the underlying mechanism is urgently needed. APPL1, an adaptor protein of the adiponectin receptor, was recently shown to be closely related to bone mass. However, the role of APPL1 in the imbalance of hMSC differentiation in osteoporosis is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the mechanisms by which APPL1 alters hMSCs adipogenic differentiation in osteoporosis. Here, we found that APPL1 expression was downregulated in elderly patients with osteoporosis and in mouse osteoporosis model. APPL1 negatively regulated hMSC adipogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, by enhancing ubiquitination-mediated Myoferlin degradation, downregulated APPL1 expression increased the risk of lysosome dysfunction during hMSCs adipogenic differentiation. Lysosomal dysfunction inhibited autophagy flux by suppressing autophagosome degradation and promoted hMSC differentiation towards the adipocyte lineage. Our findings suggest that APPL1/Myoferlin downregulation promoted hMSCs adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting autophagy flux, further impairing the balance of hMSCs adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis; the APPL1/ Myoferlin axis may be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for osteoporosis.