bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorinated Dielectrics‐Modulated Organic Phototransistors and Flexible Image Sensors
Authors: Li Huchao , Jiang Ting , Zheng Yingshuang , Zou Ye , Qi Shengli , Tian Guofeng , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is generally believed that the incorporation of fluorine functional groups into dielectrics can effectively impede the charge‐trapping process and improve carrier mobility. However, the relationship between the device performance and fluorinated groups is still not clear and also the modulation effect of fluorine functional groups on photogenerated charge carrier in phototransistors has not yet been investigated. Herein, phototransistors are constructed by using three kinds of gate dielectric layers with different fluorinated groups to exploit the effect of fluorine functional groups. It is concluded that the presence of fluorinated groups indeed increases the transistor mobility and optical figures of merit in phototransistors compared to the device with a fluorine‐free dielectric layer. Concurrently, the exciton binding energy is increased with the addition of fluorinated groups, resulting in the decrease of phototransistor performance compared with less content of fluorinated groups due to the synergistic balance effect of fluorine functional groups. The results further clarify how the fluorine functional groups optimize the interface of organic phototransistors and modulate the photoelectric performance.
Electrochromic Performance Fading and Restoration in Amorphous TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Zhang Renfu , Shao Peipei , Zhang Yiwen , Wen Rui‐Tao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrochromic performance fading is inevitable upon extended cycling, and the limited lifetime greatly prevents large‐scale commercialization of electrochromism‐based devices. Here the origin of the performance degradation is uncovered and the performance restoration in TiO2 thin films is explored. It is shown that, depending on the applied potential windows, the inserted ions are immobilized in α‐traps resulting in a monotonous degradation of colored state, or immobilized in b‐ and modified α‐traps leading to mutual degradation of colored and bleached state of the films. It is found by releasing the resided ions in various traps, the initial performance can be restored accordingly. Moreover, reversible sites and all traps are demonstrated to be interconvertible through an ion trapping and detrapping process. These results provide a general scope in understanding the electrochromism in oxide thin films and offer the scheme for potential traps control or even elimination, aiming at superior electrochromic devices.
A 3D Bioprinted in vitro Model of Neuroblastoma Recapitulates Dynamic Tumor‐Endothelial Cell Interactions Contributing to Solid Tumor Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Ning Liqun , Shim Jenny , Tomov Martin L. , Liu Rui , Mehta Riya , Mingee Andrew , Hwang Boeun , Jin Linqi , Mantalaris Athanasios , Xu Chunhui , Mahmoudi Morteza , Goldsmith Kelly C. , Serpooshan Vahid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor in children resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. A deeper understanding of the NB tumor microenvironment (TME) remains an area of active research but there is a lack of reliable and biomimetic experimental models. This study utilizes a 3D bioprinting approach, in combination with NB spheroids, to create an in vitro vascular model of NB for exploring the tumor function within an endothelialized microenvironment. A gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) bioink is used to create multi‐channel cubic tumor analogues with high printing fidelity and mechanical tunability. Human‐derived NB spheroids and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are incorporated into the biomanufactured gelMA and cocultured under static versus dynamic conditions, demonstrating high levels of survival and growth. Quantification of NB‐EC integration and tumor cell migration suggested an increased aggressive behavior of NB when cultured in bioprinted endothelialized models, when cocultured with HUVECs, and also as a result of dynamic culture. This model also allowed for the assessment of metabolic, cytokine, and gene expression profiles of NB spheroids under varying TME conditions. These results establish a high throughput research enabling platform to study the TME‐mediated cellular‐molecular mechanisms of tumor growth, aggression, and response to therapy.
Band Modulation and Strain Fluctuation for Realizing High Average zT in GeTe
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Yao Honghao , Yin Li , Xue Wenhua , Zhang Zongwei , Duan Sichen , Chen Lingjin , Chen Chen , Sui Jiehe , Liu Xingjun , Wang Yumei , Mao Jun , Zhang Qian , Lin Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, GeTe has emerged as a very promising thermoelectric material. However, the pristine GeTe exhibits intrinsically low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, resolving these issues is critical for further promoting its thermoelectric performance. Herein, PbTe and AgSbTe2 are chosen to form a solid solution with GeTe. Benefitting from the converged electronic bands and reduced thermal conductivity after AgSbTe2 alloying, the thermoelectric performance of GeTe‐based materials is effectively improved. In addition, PbTe alloying can optimize the carrier concentration and further improve the effective mass, and thus a remarkable enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient is realized. Moreover, intense phonon scattering occurs due to the introduced point defects at the Ge site, and the lattice thermal conductivity is effectively reduced to be as low as ≈0.47 W m−1 K−1. As a result, a high zT of ≈0.7 at 323 K and ≈2.4 at 723 K can be achieved in (Pb0.15Ge0.85Te)0.8(AgSbTe2)0.2, leading to a record‐high average zT of ≈1.8 and a high conversion efficiency of ≈14.8% under the temperature difference of 500 K.
Highly efficient two‐stage ring‐opening of epichlorohydrin with carboxylic acid in a microreaction system
Authors: Yan Zifei , Wang Yubin , Du Chencan , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRing‐opening of epoxides with carboxylic acids has been widely used to prepare many high value intermediates in the polymer and pharmaceutical industries. Most of conventional processes proceeded in batch stirred reactors. As such they always suffer from low productivity and selectivity. Here we developed an advanced technology to perform the ring‐opening reaction of epichlorohydrin with neodecanoic acid (NDA) for continuous production of 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl neodecanoate in a more efficient and safer way. A microreaction system where a microreactor connected to a stirred reactor was established. When the conversion of NDA rapidly reaching around 90% in a microreactor at 110°C, the reaction solution was transferred to a stirred reactor at 90°C. This two‐stage operating mode can reduce the reaction time and improve the selectivity through free switching of temperature in the consecutive two reactors, thus substantially reducing the consumption of energy and materials.
Eye‐tracking as a window into primate social cognition
Authors: Lewis Laura S. , Krupenye Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, noninvasive, restraint‐free eye‐tracking research with primates has transformed our understanding of primate social cognition. The use of this technology with many primate species allows for the exploration and comparison of how these species attend to and understand social agents and interactions. The ability to compare and contrast the cognitive capacities of various primate species, including humans, provides insight into the evolutionary mechanisms and selective pressures that have likely shaped social cognition in similar and divergent ways across the primate order. In this review, we begin by discussing noninvasive behavioral methods used to measure primate gaze and attention before the introduction of noninvasive, restraint‐free eye‐tracking methodologies. Next, we focus on findings from recent eye‐tracking research on primate social cognition, beginning with simple visual and search mechanisms. We then discuss the results that have built on this basic understanding of how primates view images and videos, exploring discrimination and knowledge of social agents, following social cues, tracking perspectives and predicting behavior, and the combination of eye‐tracking and other behavioral and physiological methods. Finally, we discuss some future directions of noninvasive eye‐tracking research on primate social cognition and current eye‐tracking work‐in‐progress that builds on these previous studies, investigating underexplored socio‐cognitive capacities and utilizing new methodologies.
Uneven impacts of COVID‐19 on the attendance rates of secondary school students from different socioeconomic backgrounds in Australia: A quasi‐experimental analysis of administrative data
Authors: Tomaszewski Wojtek , Zajac Tomasz , Rudling Emily , te Riele Kitty , McDaid Lisa , Western Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the growing body of research that demonstrates uneven impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on educational outcomes of students from different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. We evaluate the early impacts of COVID‐19 on student attendance in secondary school and show how these impacts depend on students' SES. We employ a quasi‐experimental design, using difference‐in‐differences (DiD) estimation extended to incorporate third‐order differences over time between low‐SES and other students, and pre‐ versus during‐COVID‐19, leveraging robust administrative data extracted from the registers of the Tasmanian Department of Education. Using data from multiple cohorts of secondary school students in government schools in Tasmania (N = 14,135), we find that while the attendance rates were similar pre‐ and during‐COVID‐19 for high‐SES students, there was a significant drop in attendance rates during COVID‐19 among socioeconomically disadvantaged students, demonstrating the more pronounced impacts of COVID‐19 for these students. The findings demonstrate that even “relatively short” lockdowns, as those in Tasmania in 2020 (30–40 days of home learning), can significantly affect the learning experiences of students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. We discuss the implications of this for future pandemic planning in educational policy and practice and how this needs to be addressed in Australia's COVID‐19 recovery.
Spatially Controlled CO2 Conversion Kinetics in Natural Leaves for Motion Generation
Authors: Melvin Ambrose A. , Goudeau Bertrand , Nogala Wojciech , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiving systems that can spontaneously exhibit directional motion belong to diverse classes such as bacteria, sperm and plankton. They have fascinated scientists in recent years to design completely artificial or biohybrid mobile objects. Natural ingredients, like parts of plants, have been used to elaborate miniaturized dynamic objects, which can move when they are combined with other, non‐natural, building blocks. Herein, we report that the precise structural tailoring of natural plant leaves allows generating a spatially predefined and confined release of oxygen gas, due to the conversion of carbon dioxide. This constitutes the driving force for generating motion, which is solely due to the respiration of leaves by photosynthesis. The rate of gas evolution can be fine‐tuned by changing the light intensity and the leaf size, allowing ultimately to control the motility of objects with dimensions ranging from the millimeter to the micrometer scale.
Analysis of Anion Binding Effects on the Sensitized Luminescence of Macrocyclic Europium(III) Complexes
Authors: Kiraev Salauat R. , Weber Roza R. , Wells Jordann A. L. , Orthaber Andreas , Kovacs Daniel , Borbas K. Eszter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFour triazamacrocyclic and two tetraazamacrocyclic ligands carrying two and three coordinating donor groups, respectively, and a carbostyril light‐harvesting antenna were synthesized. The antenna was linked to a macrocycle either via secondary or tertiary amide. Complexation with europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), and ytterbium (Yb) yielded overall +1 or +2 charged species. Paramagnetic 1H NMR, and steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopies showed that the complexes had 1–3 inner‐sphere water molecules and displayed a variety of coordination geometries in solution. The antennae sensitized Eu(III) and Tb(III) emission with quantum yields of 0.3–4.3 % and 9.9–24.5 %, respectively. The addition of excess fluoride or cyanide to buffered Eu(III) complex solutions resulted in anion‐dependent changes. Fluoride addition increased the Eu(III) luminescence intensity by displacing all inner‐sphere water molecules and stabilizing the +3 oxidation state of Eu. Eu(III) luminescence increased up to 25‐fold for one emitter. Cyanide quenched Eu(III) luminescence in all cases despite partial water ligand displacement.
Silver(I) and gold(I) complexes with bitriazole‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand: Solid state features and behaviour in solution
Authors: Longhi Andrea , Baron Marco , Rancan Marzio , Bottaro Gregorio , Orian Laura , Graiff Claudia , Roverso Marco , Menegazzo Ileana , Armelao Lidia , Bogialli Sara , Tubaro Cristina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe coordinating properties of the bis(1,4‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) ligand (abbreviated as bitz) towards silver(I) and gold(I) centres have been explored. The bitz behaves as bridging ligand giving both dinuclear [M2(bitz)2](PF6)2 and trinuclear [M3(bitz)3](PF6)3 species, whose formation has been supported by X‐ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry evidences. The dinuclear and trinuclear gold(I) complexes present very similar luminescence properties, emitting in the blue region, at ~450 nm, when excited at 350 nm. Selected experimental aspects dealing with the synthesis of the dinuclear and trinuclear species, as well as with the absorption properties of the gold(I) complexes, have been investigated also through relativistic DFT calculations.
Production of high quality green textile filaments from carboxymethylated cellulose covalently cross‐linked by reactive green 19 dye
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Alam Md Nur , van de Ven Theo. G. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuge quantities of wastewaters are produced during dyeing of textile, which is why wastewater treatment plants are required in textile industries in which, in most cases, non‐dyed filaments are produced first and dyeing of these filaments is performed at a later stage. Here, carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) with the COOH group content of 1.3 mmol/g CMC was covalently crosslinked through reactive green 19 dye in the dope solution (0.09 wt% dye with reference to CMC) from which green textile filaments were spun. The incorporation of dye in the dope solution has the advantage of obtaining dyed filaments without using an additional step for dying of the fabricated textile filaments and, moreover, it can be done in such a way that clean, no dye containing wastewater is produced. The filaments also demonstrated an increase in mechanical strength (tenacity ~ 0.96 cN/dtex) and a decrease in water absorbency (water absorbency ~ 0.63 g water/g filament) due to chemical crosslinking of cellulose chains through the dye. Owing to covalent bond formation between the CMC and the dye, excellent color fastness properties were obtained for the fabricated filaments.
Two‐dimensional Transition metal Dichalcogenides as an Emerging Platform for Singlet Fission Solar Cells
Authors: Jang Yu Jin , Kim Ji‐Hee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSinglet fission, a rapid exciton doubling process via inverse Auger recombination, is recognized as one of the most practical and feasible means for overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit. Singlet fission solar cells are generally developed by integrating photon downconversion organic semiconductors into conventional photovoltaic devices to break the maximum photovoltaic response of the host semiconductors by virtue of extra triplet excitons. In this regard, proper matching of two different semiconductors and heterointerface engineering are both crucial for highly efficient singlet fission solar cells. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the prerequisite conditions for efficient triplet transfer at the heterointerfaces and thus highlight the robust spin and valley degrees of freedom of transition metal dichalcogenides with the ultimate goal of stimulating research into next‐generation singlet fission solar cells.
Sustainable Drug Release Using Nanoparticle Encapsulated Microneedles
Authors: Oh Sin Jin , Jung Jae Hwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroneedle (MN) is a minimally invasive drug delivery method that is directly inserted into the skin without pain to improve the efficiency of transdermal administration and is a drug delivery system used to treat various diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug delivery methods suggest therapeutic strategies to improve drug solubility and increase drug delivery efficiency. Therefore, the drug delivery system in which NPs and MNs are integrated is a promising alternative to the existing delivery methods of poorly soluble and hydrophobic drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics. This system can increase the solubility of drugs and biocompatibility in the body and improve the therapeutic efficacy with sustained drug release. In this review, we investigated recent studies of NPs designed for drug delivery, sustained‐release drug delivery MNs based on these NPs, and the applications for clinical treatments.
Plant extract‐based synthesis of metallic nanomaterials, their applications, and safety concerns
Authors: Ullah Aziz , Lim Sung In 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanotechnology has attracted the attention of researchers from different scientific fields because of the escalated properties of nanomaterials (NMs) compared with the properties of macromolecules. NMs can be prepared through different approaches involving physical and chemical methods. The development of NMs through plant‐based green chemistry approaches is more advantageous than other methods from the perspectives of environmental safety, animal, and human health. The biomolecules and metabolites of plants act as reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of metallic green NMs. Plant‐based synthesis is a preferred approach as it is not only cost‐effective, easy, safe, clean, and eco‐friendly but also provides pure NMs in high yield. Since NMs have antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, green NMs synthesized from plants can be used for a variety of biomedical and environmental remediation applications. Past studies have focused mainly on the overall biogenic synthesis of individual or combinations of metallic NMs and their oxides from different biological sources, including microorganisms and biomolecules. Moreover, from the viewpoint of biomedical applications, the literature is mainly focusing on synthetic NMs. Herein, we discuss the extraction of green molecules and recent developments in the synthesis of different plant‐based metallic NMs, including silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, zinc, iron, and carbon. Apart from the biomedical applications of metallic NMs, including antimicrobial, anticancer, diagnostic, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine applications, their environmental remediation potential is also discussed. Furthermore, safety concerns and safety regulations pertaining to green NMs are also discussed.
The transition from the biochemistry laboratory to home discovery during COVID‐19
Authors: Desa Shakinaz , Zuhaidi Nabel Darwish , Nordin Nurhusna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is crucial for an introductory course in biochemistry to move from in‐person instruction to total remote learning. There are four transferable skills in the course: problem‐solving, laboratory psychomotor skills, data analysis and interpretation skills, and presentation skills. Since all lab buildings were closed for learning activities, we responded quickly to ensure the transferability of the skills. We modified the laboratory activity as a home discovery approach to achieve the desired skills. Students showed confidence and gratitude as they learned in a new way. In summary, modifying the laboratory activity helped students acquire laboratory‐related skills but presented challenges in using laboratory equipment. This suggests that Home Discovery can be considered a hybrid approach to learning biochemistry.
Performance of subjective global nutritional assessment in predicting clinical outcomes: Data from the Brazilian survey of pediatric oncology nutrition
Authors: Afonso Wanélia Vieira , Peres Wilza Arantes Ferreira , de Pinho Nivaldo Barroso , Schilithz Arthur Orlando Corrêa , Martucci Renata Brum , Rodrigues Viviane Dias , Nascimento Barbara Folino , Moreira Carolina Ferraz Figueiredo , de Carvalho Padilha Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMethods for assessing nutritional status in children and adolescents with cancer is a difficult in clinical practice. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) in predicting clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort multicenter study. It was included 723 children and adolescents with cancer aged 2–18 years between March 2018 and August 2019. Nutritional assessment was performed according to World Health Organization recommendations and using SGNA within 48h of hospitalization. Unplanned readmission, length of hospital stay, and post‐discharge death were analyzed. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to ascertain the agreement between body mass index for age (BMI/A) and SGNA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of SGNA were estimated. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe mean patient age was 9.4 ± 4.9 years. SGNA showed that 29.7% (n = 215) and 6.5% (n = 47) patients had moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. Considering the concurrent validity criterion, SGNA had an OR (95% CI) of 6.8 (3.1–14.9) for predicting low and very low weight for age at admission, with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.4% (59%–82.1%) and 72% (64.2%–78.9%), respectively. SGNA could predict death in children with severe/moderate malnutrition, with an accuracy of 63.8% (63%–65.1%). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted effect of death; hematological tumor; living in the northeast, southeast, and midwest regions of Brazil; and older age was associated with malnutrition according to SGNA.ConclusionBased on concurrent validity between SGNA and anthropometry, SGNA performed well and had a good ability to predict death in Brazilian children with cancer.