bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Battered minipile response to low-frequency cyclic lateral loading in very dense sand
Authors: Mondal Sanchari , Disfani Mahdi M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis experimental study investigates the response of vertical and battered minipiles to two-way symmetrical low-frequency (0.1 Hz) cyclic lateral loading. Laboratory (1-g) tests were performed on scaled-down minipiles in very dense cohesionless soil, for batter angles of 0°, 25° and 45°. The cyclic loading is classified into two categories: multi-amplitude and long-term single amplitude, where force-controlled load was applied at a constant frequency. The minipiles were instrumented with optic fibres, and strain profiles were obtained at each loading stage, in both compression and tension stroke. The results are presented in terms of hysteresis loops, variation of normalised stiffness, minipile strain and bending moments under cyclic loading. In the multi-amplitude loading category, backbone curves show a stiffer force–displacement response in tension stroke than in compression stroke. For the single-amplitude category, the area of the hysteresis loop is largest for 45° battered minipiles with the lowest accumulated deformation. The normalised stiffness at the end of 50 cycles is highest for 25° minipiles with a value slightly greater than one. The strain profiles along the minipiles show stabilisation of measured strain before the number of cycle reaches 50, for all three battered conditions. A multi-surface hardening constitutive model is used to explain the effect of shearing and cyclic loading, with increasing loading amplitude on 25° battered minipiles. These test results are indicative of better performance capability of 25° battered minipiles, in terms of secant stiffness, compared to the vertical and 45° battered cases.
Fossil Primate Teeth as an Archive for High Resolution Ontogenic, Dietary and Palaeoclimate Record
Authors: Patnaik Rajeev 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Rhythmic incremental growth of daily or longer duration is faithfully recorded in the tooth enamel of all the mammals including those of primates. Just a single well preserved fossil primate tooth can yield a variety of invaluable information, ranging from gestation period, age at weaning, age at death, prenatal and postnatal diet, ecology, water intake, and even body and brain size of an individual, that lived millions of years ago. Till a few years back fossil teeth of rare primates were physically sectioned to count these rhythmic growth lines for extracting ontogenic information such as, crown formation times, daily secretion rates, rhetzius line periodicity and enamel extension rates. Now all this is changing with the application of non-invasive X-Ray Synchroton micro-tomography. Further, laser ablation based stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of these growth layers are showing immense potential for yielding high resolution dietary, ecological and climate data, with minimal visible damage to the very rare fossil specimens.
Lithofacies Characterisation of Oligocene Barail Sediments in Parts of Tiru Valley, Nagaland, Northeast India
Authors: Chiezou K. , Pandey N. , Baruah Meghali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Oligocene Barail sedimentary sequence (Tikak Parbat Formation) of Tiru valley, Nagaland constitutes a part of the Belt of Schuppen. These sequences have been studied for the first time employing lithofacies analysis technique. A total of eleven lithofacies namely, coal facies (C), coaly shale facies (CSh), grey shale facies (Sh), shale-sand laminites facies (Ls), ripple laminated shale-sand facies (Rs), tabular cross stratified sandstones facies (Sp), trough cross stratified sandstones facies (St), compound cross stratified sandstone facies (Sc), ripple cross-stratified sandstone facies (Sr), paleosol facies (P) and mudstone facies (Mst) grouped into two lithofacies associations i.e. coal laminites facies association (CLFA) and cross stratified facies association (XSFA) have been identified using four vertical profile sections (VPS) measured and recorded along cut faces of open cast mine in parts of Tiru valley coal field, Nagaland. Presence of coal, silt-mud, very fine to medium sand, heterolithic stratifications (flaser, wavy lenticular and tidal beddings), compound, tabular and trough cross stratifications having low to tangential foresets with abundant mud drapes, bimodal bipolar cross stratification, and substantial reactivation surfaces indicate deposition in a tidal flat environment.
Childcare 2030: On Using SDG’s as a Framework for Implementing Sustainability in Two Day-Care Centres in Flanders
Authors: Willockx Dietlinde , Dom Leen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article is based on a 2-year (2017–2019) project that aimed to find out in what ways and with what materials childcare settings can bring “raising for a sustainable society” into a lived practice and what kind of support they need to accomplish that. The project mainly consisted of an action research in two day-care centres for children younger than three in Flanders who worked on implementing “education for sustainable development”. In this way, we hoped not only to find out what actions help to implement sustainability but also what structural changes are needed for a successful implementation. After discussions with stakeholders, the research team decided to use SDG’s (sustainable development goals) as a framework for the project. This enabled a recognisable structure as well as a broad interpretation of sustainability, which would allow for a wide range of implementation actions. During the action research, it appeared to be difficult to come to an implementation, as practitioners experience a lot of barriers in working on sustainability. In this article, we discuss in what ways the SDG framework provided a stepstone to overcome barriers to work on sustainability and in what ways the framework did not serve this purpose or even created new barriers. In general, the SDG framework proves to be a good way to get acquainted with the complexity of sustainability and to work on a shared vision but it does not suffice to work on daily attitudes or embodied pedagogical practices. Such a goal would need the backup of other actions.
Literarische Hermeneutik
Authors: Kablitz Andreas 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von einer Interpretation des Beginns von Thomas Manns Roman Buddenbrooks, wirft dieser Beitrag die Frage nach der Ursache der spezifischen Affinität literarischer Texte zu einer hermeneutischen Bearbeitung auf. In kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit den Theorien Jurij M. Lotmans sowie einiger Vertreter der sog. Rezeptionsästhetik wird hier eine andere Begründung für das Erfordernis der Interpretation literarischer Texte gesucht. Sie rückt das allgemeine, für sprachliche Kommunikation generell geltende Prinzip der Unterstellung von Kohärenz und Sinnhaftigkeit jeglicher Äußerung ins Zentrum. Diese »regulative Idee« gewinnt eine zusätzliche Dimension in fiktionalen Texten, deren Gegenstände nicht unabhängig von dieser Kommunikation existieren, weshalb sich nach der Funktion ihrer Mitteilung und darum ebenfalls nach ihrer Bedeutung fragen läßt. Eine abschließende Interpretation des Beginns von Madame Bovary gilt der Überprüfung der in diesem Beitrag entwickelten Theorie.
Norton-Hoff model for deformation of growing solid shell of thin slab casting in funnel-shape mold
Authors: Vakhrushev Alexander , Kharicha Abdellah , Wu Menghuai , Ludwig Andreas , Nitzl Gerald , Tang Yong , Hackl Gernot , Watzinger Josef , Rodrigues Christian M. G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA funnel-type mold is commonly used to provide necessary clearance for the submerged entry nozzle in the thin slab casting (TSC). The partially solidified shell is subjected to the mechanical deformations, which can lead to the defects formation and, as a results, to a breakout. Traditionally, the results of the flow simulation, performed by the finite volume method (FVM), are fed to the external package for the finite element analysis of stress and strain. A coupled model was assembled using “creeping solid” approach by blending the Norton-Hoff viscoplastic stress for the solidifying shell with the Newtonian viscous stress of the liquid melt. The FVM was used to combine both liquid and solid stress models within a single solver. The iterative procedure based on the improved both side diffusion method was introduced to treat the nonlinear relation between the viscoplastic stress and the strain rate. The modeled shell thickness was verified by previously published breakout measurements and the simulation results. Temperature distribution, obtained during the TSC simulation, dominantly corresponds to the viscoplastic range. Developed numerical approach is robust and has direct industrial application.
Convergence rate of the EM algorithm for SDEs with low regular drifts
Authors: Bao Jianhai , Huang Xing , Zhang Shao-Qin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we employ a Gaussian-type heat kernel estimate to establish Krylov’s estimate and Khasminskii’s estimate for the Euler–Maruyama (EM) algorithm. For applications, by taking Zvonkin’s transformation into account, we investigate the convergence rate of the EM algorithm for a class of multidimensional stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with low regular drifts, which need not be piecewise Lipschitz.
The prevalence and risk of developing major depression among individuals with subthreshold depression in the general population
Authors: Zhang Ruibin , Peng Xiaoling , Song Xiaoqi , Long Jixin , Wang Chanyu , Zhang Chichen , Huang Ruiwang , Lee Tatia M. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubthreshold depression could be a significant precursor to and a risk factor for major depression. However, reliable estimates of the prevalence and its contribution to developing major depression under different terminologies depicting subthreshold depression have to be established.MethodsBy searching PubMed and Web of Science using predefined inclusion criteria, we included 1 129 969 individuals from 113 studies conducted. The prevalence estimates were calculated using the random effect model. The incidence risk ratio (IRR) was estimated by measuring the ratio of individuals with subthreshold depression who developed major depression compared to that of non-depressed individuals from 19 studies (88, 882 individuals).ResultsNo significant difference in the prevalence among the different terminologies depicting subthreshold depression (Q = 1.96, p = 0.5801) was found. By pooling the prevalence estimates of subthreshold depression in 113 studies, we obtained a summary prevalence of 11.02% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.78–12.33%]. The youth group had the highest prevalence (14.17%, 95% CI 8.82–20.55%), followed by the elderly group (12.95%, 95% CI 11.41-14.58%) and the adult group (8.92%, 95% CI 7.51–10.45%). Further analysis of 19 studies' incidence rates showed individuals with subthreshold depression had an increased risk of developing major depression (IRR = 2.95, 95% CI 2.33–3.73), and the term minor depression showed the highest IRR compared with other terms (IRR = 3.97, 95% CI 3.17–4.96).ConclusionsDepression could be a spectrum disorder, with subthreshold depression being a significant precursor to and a risk factor for major depression. Proactive management of subthreshold depression could be effective for managing the increasing prevalence of major depression.
Sex differences across developmental domains among children with a familial risk of severe mental disorders
Authors: Burton Birgitte Klee , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Greve Aja N. , Hemager Nicoline , Spang Katrine S. , Ellersgaard Ditte , Christiani Camilla J. , Gantriis Ditte , Gregersen Maja , Søndergaard Anne , Jepsen Jens Richardt M. , Bliksted Vibeke Fuglsang , Mors Ole , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Nordentoft Merete , Thorup Anne A. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in brain structure and neurodevelopment occur in non-clinical populations. We investigated whether sex had a similar effect on developmental domains amongst boys and girls with a familial risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and controls.MethodsThrough Danish registries, we identified 522 7-year-old children (242 girls) with FHR-SZ, FHR-BP, and controls. We assessed their performance within the domains of neurocognition, motor function, language, social cognition, social behavior, psychopathology, and home environment.ResultsFHR-SZ boys compared with FHR-SZ girls had a higher proportion of disruptive behavior and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and exhibited lower performance in manual dexterity, balance, and emotion recognition. No sex differences were found between boys and girls within FHR-BP group. Compared with controls, both FHR-SZ boys and FHR-SZ girls showed impaired processing speed and working memory, had lower levels of global functioning, and were more likely to live in an inadequate home environment. Compared with control boys, FHR-SZ boys showed impaired manual dexterity, social behavior, and social responsiveness, and had a higher proportion of ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder diagnoses. Stress and adjustment disorders were more common in FHR-BP boys compared with control boys. We found no differences between FHR-BP girls and control girls.ConclusionsImpairment within neurodevelopmental domains associated within FHR-SZ boys v. FHR-SZ girls was most evident among boys, whereas no sex differences were found within the FHR-BP group (FHR-BP boys v. FHR-BP girls). FHR-SZ boys exhibited the highest proportion of early developmental impairments.
Ship of Theseus: from ILO Standards to Outcome of Maternity Protection Policy
Authors: SON KEONHI 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious research focuses on the question of whether international standards have prompted any improvement of labor and social standards by law or in practice. This paper complements the literature by showing that the way that international standards are translated and implemented at the national level matters as well. Using a novel historical database on paid maternity leave policies in 160 countries with a time series from 1883 to 2018, I document how informal sector workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) fell by the wayside in the widespread adoption of the International Labour Organization (ILO) maternity protection standards. First, the analysis shows that while the adoption of the ILO Maternity Protection Conventions triggered the introduction and extension of maternity leave policies throughout the world, LMICs ignored the provision of social assistance benefits. Second, even when LMICs extended the coverage of maternity leave policies to the informal sector, the implementation constraints further hindered the access of women workers in the informal sector to maternity benefits.
A novel parameter identification method for flexible-joint robots using input torque and motor-side motion data
Authors: Zhao Pu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe traditional identification methods of industrial robots are based on Inverse Dynamic Identification Model (IDIM). Based on the model, input torque, motor-side and link-side motion data are necessary when joint flexibilities are considered. However, it is often unavailable or expensive to general robots which are not equipped with link-side sensors. To solve the problem, a novel dynamic parameter identification method, which only employ input torque and motor-side motion data, is proposed in this report. Based on motor-side dynamics, link-side dynamics are modified as high-order nonlinear functions of input torque and motor-side motion. Then, through different trajectory-load groups and high-order observers, the nonlinear equations can be solved, and dynamic parameters can be estimated with short operation time. The selection rules of the trajectory-load groups are then discussed based on simulation results, so as to promote estimation results. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the proposed method and exhibit the selection rules of observer gains. As shown in the report, except viscous friction parameters, identification difference between the IDM-based methods and the proposed one is less than 9%.
EXAMINING RATER PERCEPTION OF HOLDS AS A VISUAL CUE OF LISTENER NONUNDERSTANDING
Authors: McDonough Kim , Lindberg Rachael , Trofimovich Pavel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether university students perceive holds (i.e., a listener’s temporary cessation of dynamic movement) as a visual cue of nonunderstanding. Conversations between English second language (L2) university students were sampled to extract episodes of other-initiated repair through open clarification requests (e.g., what?, sorry?). Brief, silent video clips were presented to 60 raters across two experiments who assessed the listener’s comprehension, which was their perception about how well the listener had understood the speaker. Experiment 1 tested whether raters can differentiate between the onset and release of listener holds while Experiment 2 examined whether they are sensitive to the sequential organization of holds. Results indicated that raters clearly differentiated between hold onsets and releases and were sensitive to the temporal position of holds in the entire repair sequence. Taken together, these findings suggest that holds are a reliable signal of nonunderstanding with potential implications for L2 teaching and assessment.
Peer victimization, schooling format, and adolescent internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: Between- and within-person associations across ninth grade
Authors: Schacter Hannah L. , Hoffman Adam J. , Ehrhardt Alexandra , Bakth Faizun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current longitudinal study examined how between-person (BP) differences and within-person (WP) fluctuations in adolescents’ peer victimization and schooling format across ninth grade related to changes in their internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 388 adolescents (61% female;Mage= 14.02) who completed three online surveys, administered 3 months apart, from November 2020 to May 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed BP (time-invariant) and WP (time-varying) effects of peer victimization and school instructional format (i.e., in-person; hybrid; online) on internalizing symptoms while accounting for potentially confounding demographic (e.g., gender) and contextual (e.g., COVID-19 positivity rates) factors. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced higher overall levels of peer victimization across the school year, compared to those who experienced lower victimization, reported more severe internalizing symptoms. Whereas relative WP increases in peer victimization predicted corresponding increases in adolescents’ depressive and somatic symptoms regardless of schooling format, WP increases in peer victimization only predicted elevated anxiety during months when students attended fully in-person, but not online, school. Adolescents who spent a greater proportion of their school year attending online school also reported less peer victimization across the year. Findings highlight WP fluctuations in the effects of peer victimization on internalizing and contextual variations depending on schooling format.
An Analysis of the Distribution of Glasgow Coma Scale Scores across Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) Regions
Authors: Capuano Benjamin , Cone David C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was devised in 1974 as a way of tracking the progress of neurosurgical coma patients. It is comprised of three components: eye movement, response to verbal commands, and motor function. Since then, it has become the primary tool in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and emergency departments for assessing cognitive function and triaging patients in the setting of acute trauma. However, the GCS was never intended to be used in such a way. It has been demonstrated that there is a high degree of inter-rater variability when assigning GCS scores for trauma patients. Potential differences in GCS score assignments between different countries were examined. It was hypothesized there would be differences in mean total and component scores.Methods:Using de-identified data from the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS), the distributions of GCS scores from six countries were assessed: Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Using SPSS data analysis, a one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed to compare the means of the three GCS components and the total GCS scores reported by EMS personnel caring for trauma patients.Results:Data from 15,173 cases showed significant differences in mean total GCS score between countries (P <.001) as well as in mean component GCS scores (P <.001 for each of eye, verbal, and motor). Post-hoc tests showed that EMS personnel in Korea assigned significantly lower scores compared to all other countries in both component and total GCS scores. Field personnel in Japan, Malaysia, and Vietnam assigned the highest scores and significantly differed from the other three countries on component and total scores; Thailand and Taiwan had similar scores but significantly differed from the other four countries on component and total scores. Visual inspection of mean component and total GCS score histograms revealed differences in score assignment patterns among countries.Conclusions:There are a number of significant differences in the mean total and component GCS scores assigned by EMS personnel in the six Asian countries studied. More investigation is necessary to determine if there is clinical significance to these differences in GCS score assignments, as well as the reasons for the differences.
Characterization of Structural Changes of Casein Micelles at Different pH Using Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Rojas-Candelas Liliana Edith , Chanona-Pérez José Jorge , Méndez Juan Vicente Méndez , Morales-Hernández José Antonio , Benavides Héctor Alfredo Calderón 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of pH changes on morphometric parameters of casein micelles and a general overview of their conformational structure through microscopy techniques, Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. It was found that casein micelles morphology and protein secondary structure depend strongly upon pH. The changes of arithmetic average roughness (Ra), size, and shape of casein micelles at different pH are properly characterized by atomic force and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. Morphometric changes of casein micelles were correlated correctly with folding and unfolding of casein molecules as evaluated by Raman spectroscopy when the pH was varied. The novelty of this contribution consists in demonstrating that there is a close structure-functionality relationship between the morphometric parameters of proteins and their secondary structure. Knowledge about casein micelles can help improve their use of its diverse applications.