bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Based Surveillance of Severe Paediatric Malaria in Two Malaria Transmission Ecological Zones of Burkina Faso
Authors: Tiono Alfred B. , Konaté Amadou T. , Kargougou Désiré , Diarra Amidou , Ouedraogo Issa Nébié , Ouedraogo Amidou , Pagnoni Franco , Modiano David , Sirima Sodiomon B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn the current context of tailoring interventions to maximize impact, it is important that current data of clinical epidemiology guide public health programs and health workers in the management of severe disease. This study aimed at describing the burden of severe malaria at hospital level in two areas with distinct malaria transmission intensity.MethodsA hospital-based surveillance was established in two regional hospitals located in two areas exposed to different malaria transmission. Data on paediatric severe malaria admissions were recorded using standardized methods from August 2017 to August 2018 with an interruption during the dry season from April to June 2018.ResultsIn total, 921 children with severe malaria cases were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 33.9 (±1.3) and 36.8 (±1.6) months in respectively lower malaria transmission (LMT) and higher malaria transmission (HMT) areas (p=0.15). The geometric mean of asexual P. falciparum density was significantly higher in the LMT area compared to the HMT area (22,861 trophozoites/µL (95% CI 17,009.2-30,726.8) vs 11,291.9 trophozoites/µL (95% CI 8,577.9-14,864.5)). Among enrolled cases, coma was present in 70 (9.2%) participants. 196 patients (21.8%) presented with two or more convulsions episodes prior to admission. Severe anaemia was present in 448 children (49.2%). Other clinical features recorded included 184 (19.9%) cases of lethargy, 99 (10.7%) children with incoercible vomiting, 80 (8.9%) patients with haemoglobinuria, 43 (4.8%) children with severe hypoglycaemia, 37 (4.0%) cases where child was unable to drink/suck, 11 (1.2%) cases of patients with circulatory collapse/shock, and 8 cases (0.9%) of abnormal bleeding (epistaxis).The adjusted odds of presenting with coma, respiratory distress, haemoglobinuria, circulatory collapse/shock and hypoglycaemia were significantly higher (respectively 6.5 (95%CI 3.4-12.1); 1.8 (95%CI 1.0-3.2); 2.7 (95%CI 1.6-4.3); 5.9 (95%CI 1.3-27.9); 1.9 (95%CI 1.0-3.6)) in children living in the HMT area compared to those residing in the LMT area. Overall, forty-four children died during hospitalization (case fatality rate 4.8%) with the highest fatalities in children admitted with respiratory distress (26.0%) and those with hypoglycaemia (25.0%).ConclusionThe study showed that children in the HMT area have a higher risk of presenting with coma, shock/dehydration, haemoglobinuria, hypoglycaemia, and respiratory distress. Case-fatality rate is higher among patients with respiratory distress or hypoglycaemia. Hospital surveillance provides a reliable and sustainable means to monitor the clinical presentation of severe malaria and tailor the training needs and resources allocation for case management.
Hypoxia-Induced MIF Induces Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in Laryngocarcinoma Through IL-6/JAK-STAT Pathway
Authors: Yang Minlan , Wu Sa , Cai Weisong , Ming Xiaoping , Zhou Yuhao , Chen Xiong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hypoxia is a common feature of laryngocarcinoma. Alteration in lipid metabolism in hypoxic microenvironment is an important metabolic rewiring phenomenon for malignant cells to maintain their rapid proliferation, which makes most cancers, including laryngocarcinoma, hard to cure. However, the mechanism of lipid metabolism of laryngocarcinoma involved is still unclear. This study aimed to make clear the changes in lipid metabolism of laryngocarcinoma cell under hypoxic condition and explore the relative mechanism.
Methods
Hep2 cells were placed in a normoxic or hypoxic environment (5% CO2, 94% N2 and 1% O2) at 37℃ for 24 h. After exposed to hypoxia, lip metabolic indices including TG and NEFA were tested. The mechanism involved in lip metabolism regulation was explored by RNA seq and bioinformatic analysis. MIF inhibitor ISO-1 and JAK inhibitor XL019 were used to verify the mechanism. Finally, tumour xenograft model was applied has further verified these results in vivo.
Results
Hypoxia increased the TG and NEFA levels of Hep2 cells. Three genes, intersection of hypoxia gene sets and fatty gene sets, including MIF, ENO2, and LDHA were screened and verified by qPCR. MIF levels were elevated when exposed to hypoxia. Through GSEA and RNA-seq analysis, JAK/STAT pathway was screened. Hypoxia increased MIF and activated IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway. MIF inhibitor ISO-1 reversed TG levels, IL-6 levels, and reversed the expression pattern of screened genes in JAK/STAT pathway. Tumour xenograft model has further verified these results.
Conclusion
Hypoxia induced reprogramming of lipid metabolism in laryngocarcinoma cells through MIF/IL-6/JAK-STAT pathway. This study revealed one mechanism that allows laryngocarcinoma cells adapt to hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a drug targeting MIF/IL-6/JAK-STAT pathway might be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
Determinants of Targeted Cancer Therapy Use in Community Oncology Practice: A Qualitative Study using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Rummler-Brache Process Mapping
Authors: Ellis Shellie D , Brooks Joanna Veazey , Birken Sarah , Morrow Emily , Hilbig Zachary , Wulff-Burchfield Elizabeth , Kinney Anita , Ellerbeck Edward 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPrecision medicine holds enormous potential to improve outcomes for cancer patients, offering improved rates of cancer control and quality of life. Not all patients who could benefit from targeted cancer therapy receive it, and some who may not benefit do receive targeted therapy. We sought to comprehensively identify determinants of targeted therapy use among community oncology programs, where most cancer patients receive their care.MethodsGuided by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 community cancer care providers and mapped targeted therapy delivery across 11 cancer care delivery teams using a Rummler-Brache Diagram. Transcripts were coded to the framework using template analysis, and inductive coding was used to identify key behaviors. Coding was revised until consensus was reached.ResultsWe identified distinctly different processes and determinants for 1) somatic and molecular testing and 2) delivery of targeted therapies. Although motivation and intention to offer genomic testing and targeted therapies were high, professional roles and identities were challenged across targeted therapy delivery. Community oncologists’ role as generalist providers was threatened by the knowledge demands of genomic testing. Further oncologists’ role in testing was inconsistent with not only their more traditional role as treatment decision maker, but also pathologists’ role to comprehensively stage tumors. In addition, new roles were emerging or intensifying in the pathology and treatment teams to manage orders from reference laboratories and to ensure patients had access to costly therapies. Professional society guidance and greater institutional standardization were desired for testing, test reporting, and treatment protocols. Benefits for testing (preventing harms and avoiding costs) and treatment (better outcomes, but long-term use without cure) were different and may impact commitment to each behavior differentially.ConclusionsIntervention strategies that address tumor testing and treatment as distinct behaviors with unique determinants may offer promising implementation strategies to improve cancer care delivery as the processes fall to different cancer care delivery teams. Coupling process mapping with determinant analysis may improve the quality of determinant analyses and the subsequent implementation interventions proposed.Trial Registrationn/a
Evaluation of a Mouthwash Containing Sambucus Williamsii var. Coreana Extract for Prevention of Periodontal Disease - a Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kim Yu-Rin , Nam Seoul-Hee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to verify the clinical applicability by applying a mouthwash containing Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract for preventing periodontal disease.Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 64 patients, excluding those with insufficient data, who visited M dental clinic located in Busan, Korea. Thirty-two people were assigned respectively to the saline solution gargle group and the Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract gargle group to conduct O'Leary index, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and subgingival plaques. For the homogeneity of the two groups, scaling was carried out one week before the experiment, and the participants were taught for oral care to conduct during the study period. SPSS 24.0 for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used to compare the saline solution gargle group and the Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract gargle group as well as to analyze Baseline (before gargle application), Treatment (immediately after gargle application), and After 5 Days (5 days after gargle application).Results: When Baseline was measured, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of O'Leary index, PI, GI (indicators related to periodontal disease), and subgingival plaques. However, there was a significant difference in Treatment and After 5 days(p<0.05). Also, the periodontal-related indexes improved as the application time increased in the Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract gargle group. The antibacterial effect was also shown for gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria in subgingival plaques as the application time increased.Conclusion: The use of the mouthwash containing Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract was found to be effective for oral periodontal-related indicators and bacteria causing periodontal disease. Therefore, using a mouthwash containing Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract, a natural drug, will possibly maintain healthy periodontal health by inhibiting and preventing the progression of periodontal disease.
Association of Aspirin Therapy with Prognosis in Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Hua-ping , Mao Shuai , Zhou Yu , Jin Jun , Zheng Quanyou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe effect of aspirin therapy in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between aspirin therapy and prognosis in nonobstructive CAD.MethodsWe searched for observational cohort studies on Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Studies were included that compared the endpoint differences in patients with nonobstructive CAD who were treated with aspirin or not. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction (MI). The pooled effect size was estimated as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), which was measured by a random effect model using the generic inverse variance method.ResultsThirteen published studies with 34,463 patients were included. Pooled data showed that aspirin therapy was not associated with the risk of MACEs (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.85–1.41; P = 0.47, I2 = 57%). Similar results were observed in cardiovascular death (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.73–1.73; P = 0.60, I2 = 0%) and MI (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.09–3.20; P = 0.49, I2 = 68%), except all-cause death (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63–0.95; P = 0.02, I2 = 25%). Subgroup analyses showed that there were no associations between aspirin therapy and MACEs in all subsets.ConclusionsRoutine aspirin therapy might not improve prognosis in patients with nonobstructive CAD. Aspirin therapy in non-obstructive CAD should be better investigated and future research is needed. A personalized antiplatelet regimen might contribute to reduction in ischemic cardiovascular events in patients with non-obstructive CAD.Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021281706).
Protective Effects of Dietary Flavonoid, Apigenin Against Sorafenib-Induced Oxidative, Genetic, and Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Singh Deepti , Khan Mohammad Afsar , Akhtar Kafil , Arjmand Farruk , Siddique Hifzur R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sorafenib is an FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drug used as standard therapy for advanced-stage cancers. However, Sorafenib-induced multiple adverse effects is a major limitation that directly impacts patients' physical and physiological well-being. Therefore, it is vital to identify agents that can lessen the associated adverse effects and enhance efficacy. Apigenin, a dietary plant-flavone, is a bioactive-compound present in fruits and vegetables having anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Our study aimed to investigate Sorafenib-induced toxic effects at genomic, cellular, and tissue level and the potential protective effects of Apigenin. We performed DNA interaction, genotoxicity, oxidative damages, anti-oxidant activities, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological studies. We demonstrated that Apigenin and Sorafenib bind DNA via electrostatic interaction. Further, Sorafenib induces genetic, oxidative, and tissue damages characterized by an increase in chromosomal-aberrations and micronucleus, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), oxidative and DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and hepato-renal damages, and a decrease in antioxidant-enzymes. Interestingly, the Sorafenib-induced adverse effects were ameliorated by Apigenin. Our findings indicate that Apigenin has protective effects against Sorafenib-induced toxicity and could be combined with Sorafenib to lessen its adverse effects and enhance its efficacy. However, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate Apigenin's effectiveness with Sorafenib.
Effects of Intermittent Fasting in Humans Compared to a Normal Diet and Caloric Restriction: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xie Fei , Fu Rongrong , Hong Jiaze , Ni Haixiang , Yu Kepin , Gu Lihu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The popularity of intermittent fasting (IF) has increased as more and more people are trying to avoid or alleviate obesity and metabolic disease. This study aimed to systematically explore the effects of various IF in humans.
Methods
The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to IF versus normal diet (non-intervention diet) or caloric restriction (CR) were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library database, and Embase. Extraction outcomes included, but not limited to, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, and triglyceride (TG).
Results
Contrasting results showed that, participants had lower weight (WMD = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.09–2.12, p = 0.03) and BMI after IF (WMD = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.08–0.68, p = 0.01). The WC of participants in the IF group decreased significantly compared with the normal diet (WMD = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.06–1.99, p = 0.04). IF regulated fat mass (FM) more effectively than normal diet (WMD = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.17–1.31, p = 0.01). The fat-free mass of people after IF was higher (WMD=-0.73, 95%CI: (-1.45)-(-0.02), p = 0.05). There was no difference in blood glucose fluctuation between participants in the after IF and normal diet groups. The results of insulin and HOMA-IR, though, indicated that IF was significantly more beneficial than normal diet (SMD=-0.21, 95%CI: 0.02–0.40, p = 0.03, and WMD = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.04–0.65, p = 0.03, respectively). Cholesterol and TG levels after IF were also lower than after a normal diet (SMD = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.09–0.35, p = 0.001, and SMD = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.00-0.26, p = 0.05, respectively).
Conclusion
IF reduced weight, WC, and FM without affecting lean tissue. IF also could improve insulin resistance and blood lipid conditions compared with non-intervention diets.
Effect of Salinity Change Resulting From Ballast Water Discharge on the Recipient Freshwater Eco-System – Inputs to Scientific Ballast Water Management of Inland Ports
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Qiong , Wu Wenjun , Cheng Xinyan , Wu Huixian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In nowadays, world trade and cargo transportation mainly rely on shipping, and inland ports provide valuable and essential services to the maritime transport. With the increase of trade volume, the discharge of ballast water from ships is also increasing, which brings in ecological challenges. The International Maritime Organization stipulates that the number of organisms in discharged ballast water should be limited to prevent biological invasion to recipient waters. However, ballast water still contains many substances of source water, and may affect the plankton community in the recipient waters. In this study, the effects of ballast water on nature freshwater plankton community were evaluated at laboratory scale. It was observed that the abundance and diversity of planktons decreased with increase of water salinity. Through 10 days of continuous monitoring, it was found that ≥ 50 µm organisms were more sensitive to rising salinity than 10–50 um organisms, when water salinity was not over 3.6‰, there was no significant difference on ≥ 50 µm organisms quantity and diversity compared with the freshwater control group after 10 days, and the biota maintained certain recovery ability, while 10–50 um organisms had recovery ability when water salinity was not over 6.5‰. However, when the water salinity was over 6.5‰, both species composition and organism density showed irreversible and rapid reduction. In addition, organism species Platyias sp., Polyarthra sp., Tribonema sp., Navicula sp. were found to be very sensitive to salinity change and could be considered as indicative organisms for monitoring and evaluating ecological effect of discharge of saline ballast water. This is of great significance for the scientific management of ballast water discharge in fresh waters in the future.
A Practical Spatial Analysis Method for Elucidating the Biological Mechanisms of Disseminated Cancers in Vivo
Authors: Ota Yukihide , Sato Shinya , Yoshihara Mitsuyo , Nakamura Yoshiyasu , Miyagi Etsuko , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The elucidation of spatial interactions between cancer and host cells is important for the development of new therapies against disseminated cancers. In this study, we developed a practical spatial analysis method using a gel-based embedding system and applied it to a murine model of cancer dissemination. After euthanization, every abdominal organ enclosed in the peritoneum was extracted en bloc. We injected agarose gel into the peritoneal cavities to preserve the spatial locations of organs including metastatic niches, then produced specimens after the gel was solidified. Preservation of the original spatial localization was confirmed by comparing the magnetic resonance imaging results to the sectioned specimens. We examined the effects of spatial localization on cancer hypoxia using hypoxia markers immunohistochemically. Finally, we identified the mRNA expression on the specimens and demonstrated the applicability of spatial genetic analysis. In conclusion, we established a practical method for the in vivo investigation of spatial location-specific biological mechanisms on disseminated cancers.
Poverty, Income inequality and Carbon Emission (CO2e) in Bangladesh: Evidence from ARDL and NARDL model
Authors: Tanchangya Papel , Ayoungman Fairtown Zhou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many researchers have tried to bring out the relationship between poverty and carbon emission in the environment that to a higher percentage result in environmental degradation in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, among other countries across the world. Environmental concern remains the topmost factor of concertation by different organizations in the world. In 2021, for instance, many countries were declared susceptible to the increasing environmental degradation that could result in cases of famine, among other factors. Environmental protection is currently the priority of many firms, businesses, and countries in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). A significant number of studies has been done on the impact of population growth and poverty on carbon emission in Bangladesh. However, the symmetric and asymmetric impact of income inequality, poverty and population on carbon emissions (CO2e) has not been conducted in Bangladesh. Thus, this study was conducted on the short-run and long-run impact of poverty, income inequality, population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita on carbon emission in the country. This effect was investigated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and also the Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) cointegration method in Bangladesh using the 1983 to 2020 yearly data period. Poverty, population density, and GDP per capita raise short-term carbon emissions, whereas economic disparity has minimal influence on long-term emissions. Asymmetric results show economic disparities decrease carbon emissions. The NARDL findings suggest that Bangladesh's economic growth positively influences carbon emissions.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in young non-metastatic rectal-cancer patients after curative resection: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Zhenya JIA , Wu Huo , Xu Jing , Sun Guoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study was aimed to establish and validate a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) in young non-metastatic rectal-cancer (RC) patients after curative resection.Methods: Young RC patients (under 50 years of age) from 2010 to 2015 were extracted from the surveillance, epidemiology and results (SEER) database. Those patients randomly assigned to a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. The independent prognostic factors for OS were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. A nomogram model was built based on the independent prognostic variables and was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results: A total number of 3026 young RC patients were extracted from SEER database. OS nomogram was constructed based on race, histological type, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and number of lymph nodes (LN) examined. C-index, ROC curves, calibration plot and DCA curves presented satisfactory performance of the above nomogram in predicting the prognosis of young non-metastatic RC patients after curative resection. The nomogram can identify three subgroups of patients at different risks, which showed different prognostic outcomes both in the training cohort and validation cohort.Conclusion: We successfully established a reliable and insightful nomogram to predict OS for young non-metastatic RC patients after curative resection. The nomogram may provide accurate prognosis prediction to guide individualized follow-up and treatment plans.