bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RhD alloimmunization by DEL variant missed in donor testing
Authors: Safic Stanic Hana , Dogic Vesna , Bingulac‐Popovic Jasna , Kruhonja Galic Zrinka , Stojic Vidovic Miljana , Puljic Kresimir , Jukic Irena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionExposure to normal or variably expressed RhD antigens in an antigen‐negative individual can elicit an immune response and lead to the formation of clinically significant anti‐D alloantibodies. We present the case of anti‐D alloimmunization by DEL variant missed in routine blood donor screening.Material and MethodsBlood donors were typed for D antigen using the direct serologic micromethod. Nonreactive samples were confirmed in the indirect antiglobulin method with an IgM/IgG anti‐D monoclonal reagent. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial QIAamp DNA Blood Mini kit on the QIAcube device (Qiaqen, Germany). RHD genotyping was performed using the PCR‐SSP genotyping kits‐ Ready Gene D weak, Ready Gene D weak screen, Ready Gene CDE, and Ready Gene D AddOn (Inno‐Train, Germany). Unidentified alleles were sent for DNA genome sequencing.ResultsAfter identifying DEL positive blood units in RhD negative blood donor pool, a look‐back study was performed to determine if their previous donations caused alloimmunization in recipients. Out of 40 D negative recipients, one developed anti‐D alloantibody after 45 days. The patient did not receive other RhD positive blood products. Blood donor typed D negative in direct and indirect agglutination method. RHD screening was positive, but RHD genotyping and DNA sequencing showed no mutation indicating the normal genotype.ConclusionCurrently used methods in RHD genotyping are insufficient to identify many variant alleles, especially intronic variations. We suggest additional gene investigation including yet unexplored regions of regulation and intron regions to justify our serological finding.
Different Phases in Manual Materials Handling Have Different Performance Criteria: Evidence From Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Zheng Size , Li Tong , Li Qingguo , Liu Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A manual material handling task involves the phases of reaching, lifting, unloading, and standing up (RLUS). Understanding the mechanisms of manual material handling is important for occupational health and the development of assist devices. Predictive models are becoming popular in exploring which performance criterion is appropriate in the lifting phase. However, limited attempts have been performed on the other phases. The associated performance criterion for predicting other phases is unknown. In this study, an optimization model for predicting RLUS has been developed with the multi-objective optimization method. Two performance criteria (minimum dynamic effort and maximum balance) were studied to explore their importance in each phase. The result shows that maximum balance leads to joint angle errors 27.6% and 40.9% smaller than minimum dynamic effort in reaching and unloading phases, but 40.4% and 65.9% larger in lifting and standing up phases. When the two performance criteria are combined, the maximum balance could help improve the predicting accuracy in the reaching, lifting, and unloading phases. These findings suggest that people prefer different performance criteria in different phases. This study helps understand the differences in motion strategies in manual materials handling (MMH), which would be used to develop a more accurate predictive model.
Forward and Inverse Problems Related to Nanofluid Flow Between Nonparallel Planes in Uncertain Environment
Authors: Biswal Uddhaba , Chakraverty S. , Ojha Bata Krushna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fluid flow between nonparallel planes has been studied by different authors. Previously, this type of problem has been investigated by considering pure fluid or nanofluid in the constructed channel to find the velocity profile. These are generally known as forward problems. The inverse problem is to compute values of unknown parameters when velocity and remaining parameters may be known. Most of the studies related to the forward problems are reported in a crisp environment. But involved parameters may also be considered as uncertain parameters. In this regard, this article aims to study forward and inverse problems related to nanofluid flow by taking volume fraction as an uncertain parameter in terms of fuzzy number. Here, we have applied the homotopy perturbation method to handle governing differential equation for the considered problem. Firstly, the velocity profile has been computed through various order approximations. Further, the velocity profile is assumed as known, and taking fuzzy volume fraction as an unknown parameter, we have studied the inverse case. Convergence of the obtained results for both forward and inverse cases is also included. The novelty of this research is that if velocity is known to us from some experiments, then targeted unknown parameters may be calculated using the discussed procedure.
Necessity of Coordinating Nondestructive Examination Requirement for Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Wu Chongzhi , Sun Haoming , Peng Zhenguo , Wang Benzheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article covers the design management of nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements for nuclear power plants. In recent years, there are many problems related to NDE requirements during the construction of nuclear power plants in China. These problems usually occurred at different stages of the projects, or among the boundaries of different engineering disciplines, which are considered to be related to the incoordination of design management. Under some circumstances, NDE requirements may be repeated, missing or conflicted in different design documents, which leads to inconvenience, confusion and even misdirection to technicians, and increases the risk of omitted inspection and even leads to the occurrence of omitted inspection. Some of these problems have an adverse impact on the quality or progress of projects, and probably also pose potential risks to nuclear safety. In order to avoid these NDE problems that should not have occurred, the owners and designers of nuclear power plant need to pay close attention to promoting the coordination of NDE requirements. Suggestions are made from three aspects: (1) Coordinate the NDE requirements among different class structures, systems and components (SSCs). (2) Coordinate the NDE requirements at the phases of manufacturing, installation and preservice inspection. (3) Standardize the presentation mode of NDE requirements in design documents.
On the Combination of Random Matrix Theory With Measurements on a Single Structure
Authors: Igea Felipe , Chatzis Manolis N. , Cicirello Alice 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An approach is proposed for the evaluation of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the modal parameters for an ensemble of nominally identical structures when there is only access to a single structure and the dispersion parameter is known. The approach combines the Eigensystem realization algorithm on sets of dynamic data, with an explicit nonparametric probabilistic method. A single structure, either a mathematical model or a prototype, is used to obtain simulated data or measurements that are employed to build a discrete time state-space model description. The dispersion parameter is used to describe the uncertainty due to different sources such as the variability found in the population and the identification errors found in the noisy measurements from the experiments. With this approach, instead of propagating the uncertainties through the governing equations of the system, the distribution of the modal parameters of the whole ensemble is obtained by randomizing the matrices in the state-space model with an efficient procedure. The applicability of the approach is shown through the analysis of a two degrees-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system and a cantilever system. The results show that if the source of uncertainty is unknown and it is possible to specify an overall level of uncertainty, by having access to a single system's measurements, it is possible to evaluate the resulting PDFs on the modal parameters. It was also found that high values of the dispersion parameter may lead to nonphysical results such as negative damping ratios values.
Effect of lactate administration on cerebral blood flow during hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: van Meijel Lian A , van Asten Jack J A , Grandjean Joanes , Heerschap Arend , Tack Cornelis J , van der Graaf Marinette , Wiegers Evita C , de Galan Bastiaan E 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionImpaired awareness of hypoglycemia, clinically reflected by the inability to timely detect hypoglycemia, affects approximately 25% of the people with type 1 diabetes. Both altered brain lactate handling and increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) during hypoglycemia appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Here we examine the effect of lactate on CBF during hypoglycemia.Research design and methodsNine people with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia underwent two hyperinsulinemic euglycemic-hypoglycemic (3.0 mmol/L) glucose clamps in a 3T MR system, once with sodium lactate infusion and once with sodium chloride infusion. Global and regional changes in CBF were determined using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling.ResultsLactate (3.3±0.6 vs 0.9±0.2 mmol/L during lactate infusion vs placebo infusion, respectively) suppressed the counter-regulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia. Global CBF increased considerably in response to intravenous lactate infusion but did not further increase during hypoglycemia. Lactate also blunted the hypoglycemia-induced regional redistribution of CBF towards the thalamus.ConclusionsElevated lactate levels enhance global CBF and blunt the thalamic CBF response during hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes, mimicking observations of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. These findings suggest that alteration of CBF associated with lactate may play a role in some aspects of the development of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.Trial registration numberNCT03730909.
High level of lactate dehydrogenase and ischaemia–reperfusion injury regulate the multiple organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ashraf Aleena , Liaquat Afrose , Shabbir Sana , Bokhari Saleem Ahmed , Tariq Zainab , Furrukh Zainab , Raja Afraz Ahmad , Khan Muhammad Jawad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Multiple organ damage has been observed in patients with COVID-19, but the exact pathway is not known. Vital organs of the human body may get affected after replication of SARS-CoV-2, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and brain. It triggers severe inflammation and impairs the function of two or more organ systems. Ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a phenomenon that can have disastrous effects on the human body.

Methods
In this study, we analysed the laboratory data of 7052 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A total of 66.4% patients were men and 33.6% were women, which indicated gender difference as a prominent factor to be considered.

Results
Our data showed high levels of inflammation and elevated markers of tissue injury from multiple organs C reactive protein, white blood cell count, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and LDH. The number of red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit were lower than normal which indicated a reduction in oxygen supply and anaemia.

Conclusion
On the basis of these results, we proposed a model linking IR injury to multiple organ damage by SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 may cause a reduction in oxygen towards an organ, which leads to IR injury.
A Numerical Study on the Blast Wave Distribution and Propagation Characteristics of Cylindrical Explosive in Motion
Authors: Chen Haojie , Yin Jianping , Li Xudong , Yang Dong , Lu Wenjie 
Published: March 2022

In order to study the overpressure distribution law of a shock wave under the dynamic explosion of a cylindrical charge and the influence of the charge speed on the overpressure distribution law, a trinitrotoluene (TNT) cylindrical bare charge was selected. Additionally, a numerical simulation of a cylindrical charge explosion under different motion speeds was carried out using the AUTODYN finite element software. The results showed that during the static explosion of a cylindrical charge, the shock wave propagates outward in the form of an ellipsoid, whereas under the dynamic explosion, the shock wave overpressure field is an irregular ellipsoid, and the shock wave overpressure zone shifts to the velocity direction. With an increase in the charge velocity, the peak value of the shock wave overpressure increases gradually in the moving direction. The simulation data were analyzed, revealing that the calculation model of the dynamic explosion shock wave overpressure field of a cylindrical charge with a scaled distance of 1 m·kg−1/3 ≤

R
¯

≤ 1.5 m kg−1/3 can provide a reference basis for the study of dynamic explosion shock waves.
Stroke and Risk of Mental Disorders Compared With Matched General Population and Myocardial Infarction Comparators
Authors: Skajaa Nils , Adelborg Kasper , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Rothman Kenneth J. , Henderson Victor W. , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Accurate estimates of risks of poststroke outcomes from large population–based studies can provide a basis for public health policy decisions. We examined the absolute and relative risks of a spectrum of incident mental disorders following ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods:
During 2004 to 2018, we used Danish registries to identify patients (≥18 years and with no hospital history of mental disorders), with a first-time ischemic stroke (n=76 767) or intracerebral hemorrhage (n=9344), as well as age-,sex-, and calendar year–matched general population (n=464 840) and myocardial infarction (n=92 968) comparators. We computed risk differences, considering death a competing event, and hazard ratios adjusted for income, occupation, education, and history of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidity.

Results:
Compared with the general population, following ischemic stroke, the 1-year risk difference was 7.3% (95% CI, 7.0–7.5) for mood disorders (driven by depression), 1.4% (95% CI, 1.3–1.5) for organic brain disorders (driven by dementia and delirium), 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7–0.8) for substance abuse disorders (driven by alcohol and tobacco abuse), and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4–0.5) for neurotic disorders (driven by anxiety and stress disorders). For suicide, risk differences were near null. Hazard ratios were particularly elevated in the first year of follow-up, ranging from a 2- to a 4-fold increased hazard, decreasing thereafter. Compared with myocardial infarction patients, the 1-year risk difference was 4.9% (95% CI, 4.6 to 5.3) for mood disorders, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.1) for organic brain disorders, 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0 to 0.2) for substance abuse disorders, but −0.2% (95% CI, −0.2 to −0.1) for neurotic disorders. Hazard ratios during the first year of follow-up were elevated 1.1- to 1.8-fold for mood, organic brain, and neurotic disorders, while decreased 0.8-fold for neurotic disorders.

Conclusions:
The considerably greater risks of mental disorders following a stroke, particularly mood disorders, underline the importance of mental health evaluation after stroke.
The Gospel According to Ah Meng: Conservation, Celebrity, and the Singapore Story
Authors: Huggan Graham , Perks Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay reflects on the story of probably the world’s most famous captive orangutan, Ah Meng, who died in 2008 but has since been “replaced” by her granddaughter, Ishta, who took over as the “new face” of Singapore Zoo in 2016. Ah Meng’s story is interesting for what it conceals and what it reveals, including the recent history of wildlife trafficking in Southeast Asia, for which Singapore – despite its conservationist credentials – acts as an important hub. Ah Meng’s rescue and rehabilitation also raises interesting questions about the Singapore Story, the popular name given to the heroic narrative of historical survival and economic development associated with Singapore’s ruling party, the PAP (People’s Action Party), and especially its former leader, Lee Kuan Yew. This essay considers the extent to which Ah Meng is more than just a national ambassador animal or a global conservation icon, but is also a multifaceted figure for Singapore’s progress in an unevenly developed capitalist world order in which it insists on playing a leading part.
Utility of epi-illumination light microscopy for wood identification
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Chung Youn-Jib , Kwon Ohkyung 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Wood identification is a crucial step to verify claims of the legality of wood and wood-derived products for compliance with the laws against illegal logging. For accurate determination of wood species, transmitted light microscopy has been utilized to identify microscopic features of wood from microscopic slides with thin sections from the transverse, radial, and tangential planes. When there are many woods in trading for identification, producing microscopic or permanent slides can be problematic because the production of the slides is time-consuming and slows down wood identification. However, the slides are not required for alternative microscopy such as epi-illumination light microscopy. In this study, we suggest the utilization of epi-illumination light microscopy as an alternative method to conventional transmitted light microscopy with microscopic slides for wood identification. We investigated the performance of selected epi-illumination light microscopic techniques: brightfield reflected light microscopy with a polarizer (RLBF), darkfield reflected light microscopy (RLDF), and fluorescence light microscopy by observing intervessel pits and vessel-ray pits. Among the selected epi-illumination light microscopy, brightfield reflected light microscopy with a polarizer produced images with small details and high contrast. Since sample preparation for reflected light microscopy can be minimized, we can accelerate the wood identification process without sacrificing accuracy. We confirmed that reflected light microscopy has sufficient performance with simple sample preparation comparable to transmitted light microscopy.
Chronic venous disease, platelet and haemostatic abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of pigmented purpuric dermatoses
Authors: Parsi Kurosh , Kim Burcu , O’Connor Alicia A , Kadam Pooja , Connor David 
Published: March 2022

Background To investigate the aetiology of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD). Methods 63 patients with a provisional diagnosis of PPD were assessed. Skin biopsies were performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Haemostasis was assessed using platelet function analyser-100 (PFA-100), light transmission aggregometry (LTA), impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) and measurement of clotting times and clotting factors. Chronic venous disease (CVD) was assessed by duplex ultrasound. When not contraindicated, patients were advised to discontinue haemostatic-modifying drugs or supplements for 4 weeks after which the laboratory measurements were repeated and the clinical resolution of PPD was assessed. Subsequently, a cohort of patients identified with CVD underwent endovenous interventions and further resolution of PPD was assessed. Results CVD was found in 48 patients (76.2%) while haemostatic abnormalities were found in 36 (57.1%). 30 patients (47.6%) had concurrent CVD and haemostatic abnormalities. Modifiable risk factors such as the intake of platelet inhibitors or other drugs and supplements such as fish oil were identified in 53 patients (84.1%). These could be ceased in 35 patients of whom 28 (80.0%) achieved either complete or partial resolution of PPD. Treatment of the underlying CVD was performed in 18 patients resulting in complete or partial resolution in 17 (94.4%). In seven patients (11.1%), no CVD or haemostatic abnormalities were identified, and the risk factors included dietary factors such as excessive caffeine or soft drink consumption. Conclusion Haemostatic abnormalities and CVD contribute to the pathogenesis of PPD. Resolution of PPD in the vast majority of patients may be achieved by cessation of modifiable risk factors and in particular platelet-modifying drugs or supplements and treatment of the underlying venous disease.
Improved porosity of electrospun poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) scaffolds by sacrificial microparticles enhances cellular infiltration compared to sacrificial microfiber
Authors: Hodge Jacob G , Quint Clay 
Published: March 2022

Electrospinning is a technique used to fabricate nano-/microfiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, a major limitation of electrospun scaffolds is the high packing density of fibers that leads to poor cellular infiltration. Thus, incorporation of a water soluble sacrificial porogen, polyethylene oxide (PEO), was utilized to fine-tune the porous fraction of the scaffolds and decrease fiber packing density. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds were either co-electrospun with sacrificial PEO microfibers or co-electrosprayed with sacrificial PEO microparticles at three different extrusion rates to control the relative morphology and dose of PEO. A dose-dependent response in PLGA scaffold bulk porosity and pore area was noted as PEO content was increased. Notably, PLGA scaffolds after removal of sacrificial PEO microparticles significantly increased the porous fraction and pore area approximately 8, 10, and 14% and 46, 20, and 33 μm2, respectively, relative to the analogous PEO microfiber scaffold. The tensile properties of the more porous PLGA scaffolds after PEO microparticle removal, remained stable for all extrusion rates of PEO tested, relative to the PLGA scaffolds after PEO microfiber removal. Histological analysis revealed that removal of PEO microparticles significantly increased the depth of cellular migration through the PLGA scaffolds, relative to PEO microfiber scaffolds, with maximum migratory depths of 1120 μm versus 150 μm over 28 days, respectively. Additionally, depth of cellular infiltration responded dose-dependently in the PEO microparticle scaffolds, whereas in the PEO microfiber scaffolds there was no correlation. Further analysis with Masson’s Trichrome staining and electron microscopy revealed that collagen density and depth of deposition substantially increased in PLGA scaffolds after removal of PEO microparticles relative to PEO microfibers. Thus, this study demonstrates an effective strategy to control the porous fraction of electrospun scaffolds via the incorporation of sacrificial PEO microparticles, without significant decreases in mechanical properties, thereby enhancing cellular infiltration and subsequent extracellular matrix deposition.