bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How strong are salt marshes? Geotechnical properties of coastal wetland soils
Authors: Brooks Helen , Moeller Iris , Spencer Tom , Royse Katherine , Price Simon , Kirkham Matt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSalt marshes are globally distributed, vegetated intertidal wetlands and marsh edge erosion is common on many shores. To understand how and why marsh edge erosion occurs, the response of salt marsh substrates to applied shear and vertical stress must first be quantified. This response is likely influenced by marsh substrate biological, geochemical and sedimentological composition. However, currently there is little systematic research into the between‐marsh variability in these properties and how they affect both marsh edge erosion processes and the ability of a marsh to maintain its position vertically within the tidal frame.This paper compares two marshes of contrasting sedimentology at Tillingham marsh, East England and Warton marsh, Northwest England. Soil shear strength and compressibility are determined by applying geotechnical methods to determine marsh resistance to shear and vertical effective stresses. This research was able to isolate the influence of roots on substrate shear strength in a three‐dimensional sample. In response to vertical effective stress, both the expected displacement magnitude and the vertical recovery potential of a marsh substrate are affected by past stress conditions on the marsh, particularly those resulting from desiccation. The substrate response to vertical effective stress also influences substrate shear strength through the effect of consolidation on the void ratio (or bulk density).We present evidence for the connection between marsh composition and substrate behaviour under applied stress. The results shed light on potential determinants of marsh resistance to edge erosion, which is ultimately essential for the informed implementation of both nature‐based coastal flood defences and coastal restoration schemes.
Invasive water chestnut hinders tidal wetland development
Authors: McKeon Kelly , Woodruff Jonathan D. , Yellen Brian , Fernald Sarah H. , Sheehan Mary Chase 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsistent shoreline development and urbanization have historically resulted in the loss of wetlands. However, some construction activities have inadvertently resulted in the emergence of new tidal wetlands, with prominent examples of such anthropogenic wetlands found within the Hudson River Estuary. Here, we utilize two of these anthropogenically created tidal wetlands to explore the sedimentary and hydrologic conditions driving wetland development from a restoration perspective. Tivoli North is an emergent freshwater tidal marsh, while Tivoli South is an intertidal mudflat with vegetation restricted to the seasonal growth of invasive water chestnut during summer months. Using a combination of sediment traps, cores, and tidal flux measurements, we present highly resolved sediment budgets from these two protected bays and parameterize trapping processes responsible for their divergent wetland evolution. Utilizing a 16‐year tidal flux dataset, we observe net sediment trapping in Tivoli North for most years, with consistent trapping throughout the year. Conversely, flux measurements at Tivoli South reveal net sediment loss over the study period, with trapping constrained to the summer months. Here, we explore potential mechanisms responsible for these contrasting accumulation regimes, including initial geological differences, sediment loading, and human land use changes, with a focus on the invasion of emergent aquatic vegetation. Results suggest that water chestnut is contributing to these divergent morphologies by inhibiting sediment trapping and facilitating erosion, thereby preventing marsh nucleation in Tivoli South. The longevity of this dataset highlights the capacity of aquatic vegetation to regulate sediment exchange and geomorphology in enclosed bays when provided with an opportunity to colonize. The results of this project provide evidence to inform the management of restoration projects in river systems with tidal wetlands, especially those affected by invasive species of aquatic vegetation.
Move fast and break things: Reassessing IB research in the light of the digital revolution
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryHow has the emergence of born‐digital firms such as Facebook and Uber influenced international business (IB) research? In this essay, I outline the distinctive qualities of these firms, in particular their “global by default” mindset, and I discuss how IB research on strategy, organization, and institutional context is evolving to help us understand them better. I argue that some traditional domains of inquiry (e.g., subsidiary role typologies) have become obsolete, while others (e.g., MNC–government relationships) have become more important. There is also scope for developing new theories to explain what we observe, rather than seeking to “shoehorn” new phenomena into our existing schemata.Managerial Summary“Move fast and break things” was the original motto of Facebook (now Meta), and it is emblematic of how many born‐digital firms behave. These firms seek to grow quickly, and they have little regard for international borders, often operating in a global‐by‐default way. They are, in other words, very different to industrial‐era firms that plotted their international expansion in a cautious and sequential way. In this essay, I discuss whether our existing IB theories—which were developed during the industrial era—are still fit‐for‐purpose in an economy increasingly dominated by born‐digital firms.
Factors determining preventive practices of the healthcare workers regarding COVID‐19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Shah SM Tanjil , Akter Kulsuma , Hasan Md. Shazid , Chakrovarty Tanay , Sakib Najmuj , Islam Md. Tanvir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeIdentifying the factors influencing the preventive practices of the healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) because the HCWs are exposed to unparalleled levels of risks. Such concern is starting to be explored worldwide although there is only a single study available in Bangladesh with a limited scope of explorations of the domain. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors determining better preventive practices of HCWs toward COVID‐19.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional one‐to‐one survey was carried out using a validated questionnaire from December 15, 2020 to March 15, 2021 among a sample of 640 HCWs from Khulna, a southwestern division of Bangladesh, consisting of ten districts. The measures included socio‐demographics, knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices related information. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors determining preventive practices of HCWs toward COVID‐19.ResultsMore than half of the respondents (62%) were following better preventive practices. Besides, around 70% of them had better knowledge and attitudes toward the disease. Regression analysis showed a number of major determining factors of the HCWs' better preventive practices including being a nurse or other professionals (ie, radiologists and pathologists), being graduates, working in coronavirus isolation units, managing COVID‐19 patients, having previous training, and having better attitudes toward COVID‐19.ConclusionThe findings confirmed that the HCWs were generally practicing preventive manners although these trends followed were not at the standard level. So, providing guidance and information from authentic sources and organizing proper training could possibly enhance the preventive behavior in managing COVID‐19 patients.
Role of serotonin transporter and receptor gene polymorphisms in treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ramesh Varsha , Venkatesan Vettriselvi , Ramasamy Balakrishnan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSignificant challenges in the management of major depressive disorder include the lag period from treatment initiation to an evident response, low response rates and unpredictable disparities in outcome between patients. As a large part of these has been linked to genetic mechanisms, we tried to establish a relationship between genes associated with serotonin neurotransmission and outcome to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐five patients with moderate to severe depression [at least 15 on the Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D) Rating Scale] being started on SSRI were recruited. Those with a reduction of at least 50% from baseline or an absolute score of 7 or less after 8 weeks of treatment were considered as responders. The serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region 5HTTLPR, serotonin transporter intron 2 (STin2) polymorphism and the 5‐HT receptor 1A rs6295 polymorphisms were studied in association with outcome.ResultsThe l/l genotype of the 5HTTLPR was associated with greater likelihood of response (OR: 4.65, CI: 1.74–12.38, p = 0.003). Patients with the 12/12 repeat variant of the STin2 VNTR polymorphism showed a greater reduction in HAM‐D score, compared to patients with the 10/10 genotype (OR: 0.12, CI: 0.03–0.44, p = 0.001). We found no association of the 5HTR1Ars6295 polymorphism with response.ConclusionsThe 5HTTLPR polymorphism and the SLC6A4 intron 2 polymorphism were associated with treatment response, with the l/l genotype and 12‐copy allele showing a tendency towards better outcomes, respectively.
Circulating tumor DNA for prognosis assessment and postoperative management after curative‐intent resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Reinert Thomas , Petersen Lena Marie Skindhøj , Henriksen Tenna Vesterman , Larsen Marie Øbo , Rasmussen Mads Heilskov , Johansen Amanda Frydendahl Boll , Øgaard Nadia , Knudsen Michael , Nordentoft Iver , Vang Søren , Krag Søren Rasmus Palmelund , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Mortensen Frank Viborg , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recurrence rate of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients treated with curative intent is above 50%. Standard of care surveillance includes intensive computed tomographic (CT) imaging as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements. Nonetheless, relapse detection often happens too late to resume curative treatment. This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 115 patients with plasma samples (N = 439) prospectively collected before surgery, postoperatively at day 30 and every third month for up to 3 years. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to monitor serial plasma samples for somatic mutations. Assessment of ctDNA status either immediately after surgery, or serially during surveillance, stratified the patients into groups of high and low recurrence risk (hazard ratio [HR], 7.6; 95% CI, 3.0‐19.7; P < .0001; and HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.3‐8.1; P < .0001, respectively). The positive predictive value (PPV) of ctDNA was 100% in all postoperative analyses. In multivariable analyses, postoperative ctDNA status was the only consistently significant risk marker associated with relapse (P < .0001). Indeterminate CT findings were observed for 30.8% (21/68) of patients. All patients (9/21) that were ctDNA positive at the time of the indeterminate CT scan later relapsed, contrasting 42.6% (5/12) of those ctDNA negative (P = .0046). Recurrence diagnoses in patients with indeterminate CT findings were delayed (median 2.8 months, P < .0001). ctDNA status is strongly associated with detection of minimal residual disease and early detection of relapse. Furthermore, ctDNA status can potentially contribute to clinical decision‐making in case of indeterminate CT findings, reducing time‐to‐intervention.
Single‐dose antibiotic therapy for urinary infections during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Schulz Gabriel Schuch , Schütz Felipe , Spielmann Felipe Valentim Jung , da Ros Lucas Uglione , de Almeida Júlia Stüker , Ramos José Geraldo Lopes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring pregnancy, urinary infections are an important cause of maternofetal morbidity and mortality and may lead to several complications.ObjectiveTo verify whether the use of antibiotic therapy in a single dose when compared with multiple doses in lower tract urinary infections during pregnancy is effective to obtain microbiologic cure.Search strategyOnline databases were searched. Keywords used were "single‐drug dose", "antibiotic", "fosfomycin", "amoxicillin", "trimethoprim", "pregnancy", and "urinary tract infection".Selection criteriaStudies were included if they were randomized controlled trials, the population was pregnant woman, microbiologic cure was attained, and one of the treatment groups received single‐dose antibiotic therapy.Data collection and analysisPreselected studies have been independently read by pairs, and data were extracted according to a predetermined sheet. The Cochrane tool was used for the risk of bias.Main resultsA total of 1063 women from nine studies were included. The primary outcome was the microbiologic cure attested by urine culture. When compared with the multiple‐day use of antibiotics, the single‐dose treatment has shown statistically similar results in reaching culture cure (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.73–1.44).ConclusionThe current study has shown that the use of single‐dose treatment for lower tract urinary infections during pregnancy can be recommended, especially using fosfomycin.Systematic review registrationThis review has not been registered.
Classification and evaluation of episiotomy practices from 2004 to 2020 and association with OASIS
Authors: Morgan Rosemary , Korb Diane , Sibony Olivier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo apply a new classification based on seven clinically relevant subgroups to accurately describe episiotomy practices and evaluate the association between episiotomy and obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS) rates according to the classification's subgroups.MethodsObservational retrospective cohort study based on a population comprising 39 487 women from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2020 in a level III university maternity unit. The primary outcome was the overall episiotomy rate in the institution and its trend over time as well as in each subgroup of obstetrical population classification. Secondary outcome was the rate of third‐ and fourth‐degree OASIS, and its association with episiotomy practice.ResultsThe episiotomy rate decreased significantly from 43.2% to 20% in the total population. The overall OASIS rate was 0.34%; it remained significantly the same during the study period, although the association between OASIS and episiotomy was significant only in group 2 (nulliparous women with instrumental delivery) with a decrease of OASIS rate if using episiotomy (odds ratio 0.5; 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.8).ConclusionThe episiotomy rate can be decreased without exposing women to an increased risk of OASIS. This encourages restrictive practice of episiotomy, but episiotomy should be considered in nulliparous women with instrumental delivery.
The impact of a pharmacy student‐led community naloxone education program in high school, college, and pharmacy students on knowledge, preparedness, and responsiveness in the event of an opioid overdose
Authors: Azad Atra , Levy Jason , Kefer Emily , Loubani Lamees , Brinton Meghan , Wollen Joshua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn response to the opioid overdose epidemic, initiatives have been established to educate the public and reduce the harmful impact of opioids. Operation Naloxone is an initiative of the Student College of Clinical Pharmacy at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy with the goal of educating the public through standardized presentations. The study's purpose is to utilize the presentation to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes of laypersons regarding opioid overdoses and naloxone administration using a validated survey.ObjectiveTo determine the change in scores from baseline in response to a standardized and reproducible presentation given by the Operation Naloxone initiative.MethodsThe participants of the study include high school students. Immediately before the presentation, participants complete a presurvey. All surveys are numbered, allowing answers to remain anonymous. The participants attend a 1‐hour presentation provided by Operation Naloxone, then immediately complete a postsurvey. The primary end points for data analysis are the changes in Opioid Overdose Knowledge and Attitudes Scale scores.ResultsData were recorded for this study starting in October 2019 and ended in May 2020; 174 paired surveys, 87 pre‐ and 87 postsurveys, were included in data analysis of the four knowledge domains. When combined, the four knowledge domains resulted in statistically significant (P < .0001) increases between presurvey scores (mean, 19.54) and postsurvey scores (mean, 23.39). The combined attitude scale including all 10 questions resulted in a statistically significant (P < .0001) increase in attitude scores from presurveys (mean, 41.29; median, 42) to postsurveys (mean, 43.97; median, 45).ConclusionThe current study found statistically significant increases in both knowledge and attitudes domains of high school students regarding opioid overdoses. The study should be reproduced in different age groups and demographics to determine whether there is a large scope of impact on the community.
One‐carbon metabolism pathway genes and their non‐association with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: de Lima Nayane S. , da Costa Caroline C. P. , Assunção Leandro do P. , Santos Kamilla de F. , Bento Dhiogo da C. P. , da Silva Reis Angela A. , Santos Rodrigo da S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough of unknown etiology, some mechanisms associated with the metabolic cycle of folate are speculated to be related to the genesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the role of genetic polymorphisms rs1051266 in SLC19A1 gene and rs1805087 in MTR gene and their associations with ALS development. A case–control study was conducted with 101 individuals with ALS and 119 individuals without diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, from the Brazilian central population. The polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The results showed no statistically significant differences, even when genotypes were analyzed by the dominant, recessive, codominant, and overdominant inheritance models. It was observed a statistical significance relating alcohol consumption with individuals in the case group (p = 0.01). Therefore, the need for more studies to evaluate the influence of genetic variants is highlighted, seeking to provide information on the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
ITGA5 is an independent prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chongchang , Shen Yiming , Wei Zhengyu , Shen Zhisen , Tang Ming , Shen Yi , Deng Hongxia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntegrin α5 (ITGA5) was involved in a variety of cancers. However, the role of ITGA5 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown.MethodsThe expression of ITGA5 and the corresponding clinicopathological parameters of LSCC patients the TCGA database. Five datasets (GSE51985, GSE59102, GSE84957, GSE27020, and GSE65858) were downloaded from the GEO database as validation sets. Kaplan–Meier plotter, Cox regression analysis, and nomogram were performed to determine the prognostic value of ITGA5 in LSCC. GO, KEGG, and GSEA were used to explore the underlying biological functions of ITGA5 in LSCC. The algorithms ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT were adopted to evaluate the association between ITGA5 and the infiltration of the immune cells. The algorithm pRRophetic was used to estimate the response to chemotherapeutic drugs.ResultsThe expression of ITGA5 was higher in the LSCC samples and linked to poor overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. Further, the Cox regression analysis confirmed that high expression of ITGA5 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. The predictive performance of nomogram based on the expression of ITGA5 was accurate and practical. The functional enrichment analysis confirmed that ITGA5 was related to the construction of the components and structures of the extracellular matrix. Finally, patients with high ITGA5 expression were more likely to benefit from docetaxel and gemcitabine.ConclusionThe expression of ITGA5 was elevated in the LSCC and was a predictor for prognosis and chemotherapeutic response in LSCC patients.
The relationship between access to mental health resources and use of preferred effective mental health treatment
Authors: Silverman Alexandra L. , Teachman Bethany A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether variables related to unequal access to mental health resources (including Black and Latinx racial‐ethnic group membership, lower education level, and lower number of community‐level treatment providers, and facilities) were associated with current mental health treatment use; and, whether these variables moderated the likelihood that individuals would receive their preferred effective treatment.MethodsIn a preregistered (osf.io/z28wr) study, 5626 individuals completed a mental health history form and measures of implicit and explicit beliefs about the effectiveness of therapy versus medication.ResultsIndividuals with more (vs. less) education were more likely to report current treatment use. Individuals who were Black/Latinx (vs. non‐Latinx White) or who lived in a community with fewer (vs. more) providers sometimes had a lower probability of accessing preferred effective treatment, though results varied across implicit and explicit measures.ConclusionsFindings highlight the need to increase access to mental health resources among marginalized groups.
Maladaptive perfectionism and adolescent NSSI: A moderated mediation model of psychological distress and mindfulness
Authors: Gu Honglei , Hu Chang , Wang Lizhao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesMaladaptive perfectionism has been shown to be associated with non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Based on the functional model of self‐injury, we predicted that this association is due to the mediating effect of psychological distress. We also tested the assumption that being mindful—that is, being able to accept rather than escape the psychological distress—would be a protective factor in this process.MethodsEight hundred and forty‐one Chinese adolescents completed online questionnaires concerning maladaptive perfectionism, psychological distress, mindfulness, and NSSI.ResultsRegression‐based analyses showed that maladaptive perfectionism predicted adolescents' NSSI through the indirect effect of psychological distress. Mindfulness weakened the indirect effect.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that self‐injury serves a function in emotion regulation and the communication of distress. The results also have implications for practice: Maladaptive perfectionism should be assessed as a risk factor for NSSI, and teaching mindfulness may be an effective intervention for adolescents who engage in this high‐risk behavior.