bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Action of Gliotoxin Realized Through Interaction with Tiol-containing Proteins
Authors: Vasilchenko Alexey S. , Gurina Elena V. , Drozdov Konstantin A. , Andreev Dmitry , Lebedev Egor , Vasilchenko Anastasia V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGliotoxin is a secondary metabolite of various fungi belonging to the class of epipolythiodioxopiperazines. The mechanism of gliotoxin cytotoxic activity on eukaryotes is established, while the precise interaction between gliotoxin and bacteria has not been clarified yet. The aim of this study was evaluating the gliotoxin action on model Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was found that gliotoxin uptake rate was higher in S. epidermidis than E.coli. However, for Gram-negative bacteria, the bactericidal effect is achieved at higher doses of gliotoxin (10-100 μg/ml), compared to Gram-positive ones (0.75-6.25 μg/ml). Bactericidal effect had developed in 4 hours, which was the same for both E. coli MG1655 and S. epidermidis. Novel chip-based bioluminescent sensor with gel-immobilized E.coli MG1655 pKatG-lux revealed oxidative stress. However, pre-incubation of bacteria with Trolox did not affect the bactericidal properties of gliotoxin, while 2-merkaptoethanol and reduced glutathione significantly reduced gliotoxin’s bactericidal property. Another bioluminescent sensor E.coli MG1655 pIbpA-lux revealed heat shock stress in bacteria treated with gliotoxin. At the cellular level, exposure bacteria with gliotoxin accompanied by disruption of bacterial membranes.
Generation of a mutator parasite to drive resistome discovery in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Kümpornsin Krittikorn , Kochakarn Theerarat , Yeo Tomas , Luth Madeline R , Pearson Richard D , Hoshizaki Johanna , Schindler Kyra A , Mok Sachel , Park Heekuk , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Cubel Sonia Moliner , Franco Virginia , Gomez-Lorenzo Maria G , Gamo Francisco Javier , Winzeler Elizabeth A , Fidock David A , Chookajorn Thanat , Lee Marcus CS 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn vitro evolution of drug resistance is a powerful approach for identifying antimalarial targets, however key obstacles to eliciting resistance are the parasite inoculum size and mutation rate. Here we sought to increase parasite genetic diversity to potentiate resistance selections by editing catalytic residues of Plasmodium falciparum DNA polymerase δ. Mutation accumulation assays revealed a ∼5-8 fold elevation in the mutation rate, with an increase of 13-28 fold in drug-pressured lines. When challenged with KAE609, high-level resistance was obtained more rapidly and at lower inoculum than wild-type parasites. Selections were also successful with an “irresistible” compound, MMV665794 that failed to yield resistance with other strains. Mutations in a previously uncharacterized gene, PF3D7_1359900, which we term quinoxaline resistance protein (QRP1), were validated as causal for resistance to MMV665794 and an analog, MMV007224. The increased genetic repertoire available to this “mutator” parasite can be leveraged to drive P. falciparum resistome discovery.
Never in Mitosis Kinase 2 regulation of metabolism is required for neural differentiation
Authors: Spice Danielle M. , Cooper Tyler T. , Lajoie Gilles A. , Kelly Gregory M. 
Published: August 2022

1.AbstractWnt and Hh are known signalling pathways involved in neural differentiation and recent work has shown the cell cycle regulator, Never in Mitosis Kinase 2 (Nek2) is able to regulate both pathways. Despite its known function in pathway regulation, few studies have explored Nek2 within embryonic development. The P19 embryonal carcinoma cell model was used to investigate Nek2 and neural differentiation through CRISPR knockout and overexpression studies. Loss of Nek2 reduced cell proliferation in the undifferentiated state and during directed differentiation, while overexpression increased cell proliferation. Despite these changes in proliferation rates, Nek2 deficient cells maintained pluripotency markers after neural induction while Nek2 overexpressing cells lost these markers in the undifferentiated state. Nek2 deficient cells lost the ability to differentiate into both neurons and astrocytes, although Nek2 overexpressing cells enhanced neuron differentiation at the expense of astrocytes. Hh and Wnt signaling were explored, however there was no clear connection between Nek2 and these pathways causing the observed changes to differentiation phenotypes. Mass spectrometry was also used during wildtype and Nek2 knockout cell differentiation and we identified reduced electron transport chain components in the knockout population. Immunoblotting confirmed the loss of these components and additional studies showed cells lacking Nek2 were exclusively glycolytic. Interestingly, hypoxia inducible factor 1α was stabilized in these Nek2 knockout cells despite culturing them under normoxic conditions. Since neural differentiation requires a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, we propose a mechanism where Nek2 prevents HIF1α stabilization, thereby allowing cells to use oxidative phosphorylation to facilitate neuron and astrocyte differentiation.
Structural basis of ferroportin inhibition by minihepcidin PR73
Authors: Wilbon Azaan Saalim , Shen Jiemin , Ruchala Piotr , Zhou Ming , Pan Yaping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFerroportin (Fpn) is the only known iron exporter in humans and is essential for maintaining iron homeostasis. Fpn activity is suppressed by hepcidin, an endogenous peptide hormone, which inhibits iron export and promotes endocytosis of Fpn. Hepcidin deficiency leads to hemochromatosis and iron-loading anemia. Previous studies have shown that small peptides that mimic the first few residues of hepcidin, i.e. minihepcidins, are more potent than hepcidin. However, the mechanism of enhanced inhibition by minihepcidins remains unclear. Here, we report the structure of human ferroportin in complex with a minihepcidin, PR73 that mimics the first 9 residues of hepcidin, at 2.7 Å overall resolution. The structure reveals novel interactions that were not present between Fpn and hepcidin. We validate PR73-Fpn interactions through binding and transport assays. These results provide insights into how minihepcidins increase inhibition potency and will guide future developments of Fpn inhibitors.
TnSmu1 is a functional integrative and conjugative element in Streptococcus mutans that when expressed causes growth arrest of host bacteria
Authors: McLellan Lisa K. , Anderson Mary E. , Grossman Alan D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are major drivers of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. They mediate their own transfer from host cells (donors) to recipients and allow bacteria to acquire new phenotypes, including pathogenic and metabolic capabilities and drug resistances. Streptococcus mutans, a major causative agent of dental caries, contains a putative ICE, TnSmu1, integrated at the 3’ end of a leucyl tRNA gene. We found that TnSmu1 is a functional ICE, containing all the genes necessary for ICE function. It excised from the chromosome and excision was stimulated by DNA damage. We identified the DNA junctions generated by excision of TnSmu1, defined the ends of the element, and detected the extrachromosomal circle. We found that TnSmu1 can transfer from S. mutans donors to recipients when co-cultured on solid medium. The presence of TnSmu1 in recipients inhibited successful acquisition of another copy and this inhibition was mediated, at least in part, by the likely transcriptional repressor encoded by the element. Using microscopy to track individual cells, we found that activation TnSmu1 caused an arrest of cell growth. Our results demonstrate that TnSmu1 is a functional ICE that affects the biology of its host cells.
Linear motif specificity in signaling through p38α and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases
Authors: Robles Jaylissa Torres , Shi Guangda , Turk Benjamin E. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are essential for eukaryotic cells to integrate and respond to a wide array of stimuli. Maintaining specificity in signaling through MAPK networks is key to coupling specific inputs to appropriate cellular responses. One way that MAPKs achieve specificity is through transient interactions with docking sites: short linear motifs found in MAPK substrates, regulators, and scaffolds. Docking sites bind to a conserved groove located in the catalytic domain of all MAPKs including the ERK and p38 subfamilies, but how specificity is achieved remains unresolved. To understand the basis of docking selectivity for these two subfamilies, we screened a library of thousands of human proteome-derived sequences for docking to ERK2 and p38α. We discovered a large number of sequences that bound specifically to only one MAPK or promiscuously to both, and that selective and non-selective interactors conformed to distinct sequence motifs. In particular, selective binding to p38α correlated with higher net charge in the docking site, and this phenomenon was driven by enrichment for Lys residues. A pair of acidic residues unique to the docking groove of p38α mediated selectivity for Lys-rich basic motifs. Finally, we validated a set of full-length proteins harboring docking sites selected as hits in our screens to be authentic MAPK interactors and identified ChREBP and TACC1 as cellular MAPK substrates. This study identifies distinguishing features that help define MAPK signaling networks and explains how specific docking motifs promote signaling integrity.
CD73-positive cell spheroid transplantation attenuates colonic atrophy
Authors: Hisamatsu Daisuke , Itakura Natsumi , Mabuchi Yo , Ozaki Rion , Suto Eriko Grace , Naraoka Yuna , Ikeda Akari , Ito Lisa , Akazawa Chihiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing worldwide. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions and are a promising source for cell transplantation therapy for IBD. However, owing to their heterogeneous nature, their therapeutic efficacy in colitis is controversial and depends on the delivery route and form of transplanted cells. Cluster of differentiation (CD)73 is widely expressed in MSCs and used to obtain a homogeneous MSC population. Herein, we determined the optimal method for MSC transplantation using CD73+ cells in a colitis model. mRNA sequencing analysis showed that CD73+ cells exhibit downregulation of inflammatory genes and upregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes. Furthermore, three-dimensional CD73+ cell spheroids showed enhanced engraftment at the injured site through the enteral route, facilitated extracellular matrix remodeling, and downregulated inflammatory gene expression in fibroblasts, leading to attenuation of colonic atrophy. Therefore, the interaction between intestinal fibroblasts and exogenous MSCs via tissue remodeling is one mechanism that can be exploited for colitis prevention. Our results highlight that transplantation of homogeneous cell populations with well-characterized properties is beneficial for IBD treatment.
The effect of Generation Z's perceptions of brand activism on brand loyalty: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Toan , Le Dang Ha Anh , Truong Linh Giang , Truong Ngan Giang , Vu Viet Vinh 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe study was conducted to investigate the impact of Generation Z's perceptions of brand activism on brand loyalty through the mediating role of brand attitude and brand trust.Design/methodology/approachThe study first reviewed previous research and developed hypotheses related to the research objectives. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to test the hypotheses with the survey data of 1,133 individuals from Generation Z in Vietnam.FindingsFirst, the findings indicated that: perceived argument quality, perceived authenticity, and perceived altruistic motives have a significant positive effect on brand attitude and brand trust. In addition, perceived self-interest motives have a significant positive effect on brand attitude. Brand trust has a significant positive effect on brand attitude. Finally, brand attitude and brand trust have a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. The study's empirical analysis carries implications for brand managers when implementing brand activism campaigns.Originality/valueThere is a paucity of research that investigates customers' perceptions of brand activism through perceived argument quality, perceived authenticity, perceived altruistic motives, and perceived self-interest motives and the influences of these on brand loyalty. The main contribution of this study is to fill this gap.
The disappearance of Bangkok's Artbox: examining the challenges of sustaining a mobile night market during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chan Steve Kwok-Leung 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the reasons for the shutdown of a mobile night market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of tourists was obviously one of the causes but social reasons must also exist. The study investigates territoriality, collectivization and human relations in urban social spaces which are essential for the sustainability of a market than solely short-term profit and unconnected customers.Design/methodology/approachIn this study qualitative methods are used, including reviewing contents, semi-structured interviews with vendors and customers, and informant interviews.FindingsDrawing from urban space theories, this paper argues that trendy markets catering for diverse market segments sustain their business. Once the market has shifted away from local Thai customers to main tourists, it loses its base and becomes vulnerable in territoriality negotiation.Practical implicationsThe findings and model provide practice information for local authorities, town planners and night market operators in the design of open-air marketplaces. Such knowledge pinpoints the importance of connecting place and people in order to sustain a business.Originality/valueStudies on mobile marketplaces are rare. The findings address the “detaching” process and consequence from the perspective of place attachment.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2021-0218
Rural cultural wealth: dismantling deficit ideologies of rurality
Authors: Crumb Loni , Chambers Crystal , Azano Amy , Hands Africa , Cuthrell Kristen , Avent Max 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Rural education research has historically been cast in a deficit lens, with rural places characterized by their problems or shortcomings, as if the way of understanding rural itself is to compare it to nonrural locales. These intransigent and narrow perceptions of rurality hinders recognition of the assets and possibilities of rural places. The purpose of this paper is to apply community-empowering, transgressive knowledge to analyses of rural communities to advance rural education research and practice.

Design/methodology/approach
In this conceptual paper, the authors propose an asset-based, conceptual framework to ground rural research and education practices: rural cultural wealth.

Findings
The authors describe and explore the concept of rural cultural wealth within the context of education. Furthermore, the authors discuss the dynamics of rurality and propose four constructs that comprise the rural cultural wealth framework, rural resourcefulness, rural ingenuity, rural familism and rural community unity, and consider implications for future research and practice.

Originality/value
The goal of this paper is to advance a rural cultural wealth framework aimed to interrupt social reproduction of educational inequities that impact rural students.
Thermal aging effects on the properties of the Cu/(SAC0307 powder + Zn-particles)/Cu joint ultrasonic-assisted soldered at low-temperature
Authors: Gan Guisheng , Chen Shiqi , Jiang Liujie , Jiang Zhaoqi , Liu Cong , Ma Peng , Cheng Dayong , Liu Xin 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal aging temperature on the properties of Cu/Cu joints.

Design/methodology/approach
A new method that 1 um Zn-particles and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu (SAC0307) with a particle size of 25–38 µm were mixed to fill the joint and successfully achieved the micro-joining of Cu/Cu under ultrasonic-assisted at low-temperature, and then the effect of thermal aging temperature on the properties of Cu/Cu joints was researched.

Findings
The composition of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) on the upper and lower interfaces of Cu/SACZ/Cu joints remained unchanged, which was Cu5Zn8 in aging process, and the thickness of the IMCs on the upper and lower interfaces of the Cu/SACZ/Cu joints increased accordingly. Compared with the as-received joints, the thickness of the upper and lower interfaces IMCs of the soldering aged time for 24 h increased by 404.7% and 505.5% at 150ºC, respectively. The IMCs formation tendency and the IMCs growth rate of the lower interface are larger than those of the upper interface because the soldering seam near the IMCs at the upper and lower interfaces of the as-received joints were mostly white SAC0307 balls black Zn-particles, respectively. The growth activation energy of IMCs in the upper and lower interfaces is about 89.21 and 55.11 kJ/mol, respectively. Under the same aging time, with the increase of the aging temperature, the shear strength of Cu/SACZ/Cu joints did not change significantly at first before 150ºC. When the aging temperature reached 150ºC, the shear strength of the joints decreased significantly; the shear strength of the joints was the smallest at 150ºC for 24 h, which was 39.4% lower than that of the as-received joints because the oxidation degree of Zn particles in the joint with the increase of aging temperature and time.

Originality/value
Cu/Cu joints were successfully achieved under ultrasonic-assisted at low-temperature.
Pollination deficits and contributions of pollinators in apple production: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Olhnuud Aruhan , Liu Yunhui , Makowski David , Tscharntke Teja , Westphal Catrin , Wu Panlong , Wang Meina , van der Werf Wopke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Apple is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops world‐wide, and apple yield benefits from pollination by insects. The global decline in wild pollinator populations raises concern about the adequacy of pollination services in apple production.

Here, we present a global meta‐analysis of pollination in apple. We assembled from the literature a dataset comprising results of 48 studies across five continents on fruit set and seed set in apple with insect pollination, artificial pollination and pollinator exclusion, and analysed the effects of explanatory factors such as variety and continent.

Fruit set was on average 41% lower with open pollination than with artificial pollination, while seed set was 20% lower. These pollination deficits varied across continents and cultivars. Pollination deficits for fruit set were greatest in Asia (63%) followed by Europe (30%), whereas pollination deficits for seed set were greatest in Asia (47%) and South America (40%). Important differences in pollination deficit were also identified between cultivars but these differences were confounded with continent effects.

Fruit set and seed set were 71% and 62% higher, respectively, when insects had open access to flowers than when they were artificially excluded, while results varied among cultivars.

Synthesis and applications. Globally, there are substantial contributions of pollinators to fruit set and seed set in apple, as well as considerable limitations in apple pollination services, particularly in Asia, Europe and South America. Several management strategies could be applied to reduce the pollination deficits in apple production: (1) conserving wild bees and enhancing their abundance and diversity, (2) using managed bees for pollination, (3) using varieties with low pollinator dependency and/or (4) artificial pollination. These strategies should be tailored to the regional situation, considering the potential of landscapes for restoring wild pollinators, the acceptability of cultivated varieties for available pollinators, the acceptance in the market of self‐compatible varieties and the costs of management, such as artificial pollination, pollinator conservation, beekeeping and planting self‐compatible varieties. Conservation of wild pollinators is preferred in regions with sufficient potential for wild pollinators as it contributes to biodiversity conservation and improves pollination in both crops and wild plants.
‘Is Radioactive Iodine Present Equally in the Cream on Milk as in the Milk Itself?’: Lonely Sources and the Gendered history of Cold War Britain
Authors: Douthwaite Jessica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article argues that one way to foreground and privilege women's perspectives on the Cold War is by re‐interpreting their historical experiences of food and drink. The article develops this argument by analysing one letter, from an unknown woman to the BBC, in the context of nuclear health concerns in early Cold War Britain. This article contends that where archival references to food, drink and women are ephemeral, a lonely source can describe historical experience that extends far beyond its singularity. While it would be easy to dismiss this letter as exceptional, it demonstrates one woman's informed and reasonable approach to an unstable and inexplicable topic. The article argues that divesting research from its traditional, masculine Cold War rules of perception contributes to a fairer view of previously ignored ‘feminine’ sources.
ENDURING HARM: Unlikely Comparisons, Slow Violence and the Administration of Urban Injustice
Authors: Anand Nikhil , Wiggin Bethany , Kamath Lalitha , Deekshit Pranjal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this comparative and collaborative collection of essays we work through contemporary and historical practices of governing urban waters in Philadelphia and Mumbai. Taken together, the essays in this collection argue that events of enduring harm visited upon racialized, marginalized citizens are produced through slow bureaucratic processes of aversion, ambiguation and ambivalence, perpetuated in and through regulatory regimes, water quality standards, legal discourses and everyday practices in the city. These practices entangle racialized and poorer populations in situations of durable and everyday harm and are central to the creation, maintenance and reproduction of vulnerable and disposable human and non‐human life in the city.