bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoechogenicity of the raphe nuclei as a biomarker of migraine: A case‐control study, review, and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dorado Laura , Rubio‐Guerra Sara , Valls‐Carbó Adrián , Ispierto Lourdes , Hernández‐Pérez María , Paré Martí , Vilas Dolores 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeHypoechogenicity of the raphe nuclei (hR) has been related to major depression. Comorbidity between migraine and depression is bidirectional postulating a common mechanism of serotonergic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the association between migraine and hR and its role as biomarker of migraine‐associated depression and disease severity.MethodsThis is a single‐center cross‐sectional descriptive study. We included consecutive patients with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). We collected their comorbidities, analgesic consumption, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), disability, and impact on quality of life associated with migraine. We also included a group of control subjects, matched for age and sex with the patients. In both groups, hR was assessed by means of transcranial sonography. We performed a meta‐analysis of the studies investigating the association between migraine and hR.ResultsA total of 107 subjects were included (57 cases and 50 controls). hR rate was lower in controls than in migraine patients (22.2% vs. 42.9%, p = .02) with a progressive increase in EM and CM groups respect to the control group (33.3% and 50% vs. 22.2%, respectively; p = .03). Among patients, hR was not associated with depression, higher HADS score, greater migraine‐related disability, or higher consumption of analgesic medication. The meta‐analysis showed a significant association between migraine and hR (odds ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.42‐3.29).ConclusionhR is more prevalent in migraine patients than in controls and, in our population, its prevalence increases in a stepwise manner in patients with EM and CM. These findings support the role of raphe nuclei in migraine pathophysiology.
Social relationships, stigma, and wellbeing through experiences of homelessness in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rea Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeople occupying stigmatized social positions often withdraw from sources of social support, becoming stressed, depressed, and isolated. Homelessness is globally prevalent and stigmatized. Despite the overwhelming evidence that homelessness is associated with experiences of isolation and poor mental health, there is a sparse understanding of how stigma and social relationships interact with mental health in this context. This mixed‐method study presents evidence that relationship breakdown is a common precedent to experiences of homelessness. It further shows that people withdraw from potential sources of support due to the stigma associated with homelessness. The findings demonstrate that universal forms of social contact and perceived social support do not consistently associate with mental health. Rather, distinct types of support, from different support sources, are associated with higher levels of mental health. Policy implications considering the relationship of stigma and social relationships within the context of homelessness are discussed.
Engineered models of the lymphatic vascular system: Past, present, and future
Authors: Selahi Amirali , Jain Abhishek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe lymphatic vascular system is crucial for optimizing body fluid level, regulating immune function, and transporting lipid. Relative to the experimental models to investigate blood vasculature, there are significantly fewer tools to explore lymphatics. Although in vivo studies have contributed to major discoveries in the field, finding and characterizing lymphatic specific markers has opened the door to isolating lymphatic vessels and cells for building ex vivo and in vitro platforms. These preparations have enabled the study and analysis of lymphatic vasculature in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions leading to a better understanding of cellular expressions and signaling. In this review, a broad range of ex vivo and in vitro engineered models are highlighted and categorized based on the major lymphatic function they model including contractile function, inflammation, drainage and immune regulation, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor‐lymphatic interactions. Then, the novel 3D engineered tissues are introduced consisting of acellularized scaffolds and hydrogels to form vessels and cellular structures close to in vivo morphology. This paper also compares traditional in vitro methods with recent technologies and elaborates on the inherent advantages and limitations of each preparation by critically discussing simplest to most complex tissue‐cellular structures. It concludes with an outlook of the lymphatic vasculature models and the possible future direction of contemporary tools, such as organ‐on‐chips.
A Retrospective Clinical Study of Endoscopic Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome using the Modified Soft Tissue Release kit
Authors: Li Yiming , Jiao Xin , Gan Yaokai , Shi Dingwei , Wang Zengguang , Yao Yifei , Dai Kerong 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy, and endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) is one of the minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of CTS. Based on the shortcomings of ECTR, we designed the “Modified Soft Tissue Release Kit” to assist the endoscopic operation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic treatment of CTS using this kit.MethodsThis retrospective review included 57 patients (86 wrists) who underwent ECTR using the “Modified Soft Tissue Release Kit” at our department between January 2017 and August 2019. Three scale scores (i.e., Quick–Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [QDASH]; Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire [BCTSQ]: symptom severity [BCTSQ‐SS] and functional status [BCTSQ‐FS]) were recorded to assess hand function and symptoms preoperatively, 1 month postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up. We also asked patients to answer a satisfaction question during follow‐up. Pre‐ and post‐operation scores were compared using paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Spearman's rank‐order correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between scale scores and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 55 patients (83 wrists) were followed up, with an average follow‐up of 27.2 ± 9.3 months. The median preoperative QDASH score was 45.5; the scores at 1 month postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and the last follow‐up were 4.5, 0, and 0, respectively, with a significant decrease noted compared with the preoperative scores (P < 0.001). The median preoperative BCTSQ‐SS and BCTSQ‐FS scores were 3.3 and 2.8, respectively; the scores at 1 month postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and the last follow‐up were 1.2, 1.0, and 1.0, and 1.1, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively, all of which decreased significantly compared with the preoperative scores (P < 0.001). The incidence of nerve injury was 0. The incidence of pillar pain was 0 at the last follow‐up. One patient showed no improvement in hand symptoms and function postoperatively, and two patients showed long‐term recurrence despite postoperative symptom remission. Approximately 94.5% (52/55) of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome.ConclusionsECTR with the “Modified Soft Tissue Release Kit” can significantly relieve symptoms and improve function in patients with CTS, with significant short‐ and mid‐term efficacy and high safety.
A creeping crisis when an urgent crisis arises: The reprioritization of plastic pollution issues during COVID‐19
Authors: Vince Joanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle‐use plastics (SUPs) are increasingly polluting terrestrial, coastal, and marine habits, contributing to the creeping “plastic crisis.” The COVID‐19 pandemic provided a window of opportunity for decision makers to change the degree of urgency and responsiveness to this crisis and for policy entrepreneurs and industry who are against reducing plastic consumption to influence decision makers to change their position on various plastic‐related issues. Hygiene/health concerns have been used as a justification by governments and industry to increase the use of SUPs resulting in a reversal in, or a reprioritization of, policy decisions. Through the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF), I examine how creeping crises become secondary to urgent crises through agenda setting that is influenced and leveraged by policy entrepreneurs. I explore examples of such plastic policy decisions finding that they have been politically driven and influenced by entrepreneurs and industry rather than being primarily based on health concerns.Related ArticlesDiaz‐Kope, Luisa, and John C. Morris. 2022. “Why Collaborate? Exploring the Role of Organizational Motivations in Cross‐sector Watershed Collaboration.” Politics & Policy 50(3): 516–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12470.Gerlach, John David, Laron K. Williams, and Colleen E. Forcina. 2013. “The Science‐Natural Resource Policy Relationship: How Aspects of Diffusion Theory Explain Data Selection for Making Biodiversity Management Decisions.” Politics & Policy 41(3): 326–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12017.Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal–Agent Lens.” Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x.
Identification and virulence of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on mango
Authors: Lin Wei‐Lun , Duan Chung‐Hang , Wang Chih‐Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecies of Colletotrichum cause severe anthracnose on mango (Mangifera indica). Many species of Colletotrichum with unequal frequencies on mangos have been revealed in many reports. The biological differences among Colletotrichum species are largely unknown. In this study, species of Colletotrichum were identified by phylogenetic analyses and their virulence was compared. The results revealed six species of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose on mango fruit in Taiwan; these species included C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. siamense and C. tropicale in the C. gloeosporioides species complex and C. sloanei and a new species, described here as C. pedunculi sp. nov., in the C. acutatum species complex. Among them, C. asianum was the most dominant species, accounting for 72% of the studied isolates. The virulence of each species was evaluated by inoculating unwounded fruits and young leaves with conidial suspensions. Notably, C. asianum was the only species with high virulence on both mango fruits and leaves. Additionally, the endophytic lifestyles of C. asianum and C. pedunculi sp. nov. in asymptomatic twigs and peduncles, respectively, were revealed. These results suggest that the high virulence and the endophytic lifestyle of C. asianum may explain its predominance among the Colletotrichum species on diseased mango fruits.
Lower extremity Interlimb coordination associated brain activity in young female athletes: A biomechanically instrumented neuroimaging study
Authors: Slutsky‐Ganesh Alexis B. , Anand Manish , Diekfuss Jed A. , Myer Gregory D. , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBilateral sensorimotor coordination is required for everyday activities, such as walking and sitting down/standing up from a chair. Sensorimotor coordination functional neuroimaging (fMRI) paradigms (e.g., stepping, cycling) increase activity in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, insula, and cerebellum. Although these paradigms are designed to assay coordination, performance measures are rarely collected simultaneously with fMRI. Therefore, we aimed to identify neural correlates of lower extremity coordination using a bilateral, in‐phase, multi‐joint coordination task with concurrent MRI‐compatible 3D motion analysis. Seventeen female athletes (15.0 ± 1.4 years) completed a bilateral, multi‐joint lower‐extremity coordination task during brain fMRI. Interlimb coordination was quantified from kinematic data as the correlation between peak‐to‐peak knee flexion cycle time between legs. Standard preprocessing and whole‐brain analyses for task‐based fMRI were completed in FSL, controlling for total movement cycles and neuroanatomical differences, with interlimb coordination as a covariate of interest. A clusterwise multi‐comparison correction was applied at z > 3.1 and p < .05. Less interlimb coordination during the task was associated with greater activation in the posterior cingulate and precuneus (zmax = 6.41, p < .01) and the lateral occipital cortex (zmax = 7.55, p = .02). The inability to maintain interlimb coordination alongside greater activity in attention‐ and sensory‐related brain regions may indicate a failed compensatory neural strategy to execute the task. Alternatively, greater activity could be secondary to reduced afferent acuity that may be elevating central demand to maintain in‐phase lower extremity motor coordination. Future research aiming to improve sensorimotor coordination should consider interventional approaches uniquely capable of promoting adaptive neuroplasticity to enhance motor control.
Impact of reduced‐dimensionality independent components analysis on event‐related potential measurements
Authors: Pokorny Victor J. , Sponheim Scott R. , Rawls Eric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndependent components analysis (ICA) is an effective and ubiquitous tool for cleaning EEG. To reduce computation time, many analysis pipelines decrease EEG dimensionality prior to ICA. A 2018 report by Artoni and colleagues detailed the deleterious effects of such reduced‐dimensionality ICA (rdICA) on the dipolarity and reliability of independent components. Though valuable for researchers interested in directly analyzing independent components, ICA is more commonly used for cleaning EEG. Thus, a direct examination of the impact of artifact removal via rdICA on EEG data quality is needed. We conducted a registered analysis of 128 electrode recordings of 43 healthy subjects performing an active auditory oddball task. We preprocessed each subject's data under the following conditions: (1) ICA without dimension reduction, (2) ICA with only 64 electrodes included, (3) ICA preceded by PCA retaining 99% of the original data variance and (4) ICA preceded by PCA retaining 90% variance. We then quantified ERP data quality by measuring mean‐amplitude, standardized measurement error (SME) of the single‐trial mean‐amplitudes, and split‐half reliability of the N1 and P3 components. We then attempted to replicate our findings in an independent validation dataset. We observed statistically and practically significant changes in the mean amplitude of early sensory components for the 90% condition. Unexpectedly, the SME was only larger for the 64 electrode condition. Also unexpectedly, the effect of rdICA on split‐half reliability was inconsistent between datasets. Based on the observed data, we argue that PCA‐based rdICA is justifiable when used cautiously.
Smoking induces shifts in cellular composition and transcriptome within the bronchial mucus barrier
Authors: Rathnayake Senani N. H. , Ditz Benedikt , van Nijnatten Jos , Sadaf Tayyaba , Hansbro Philip M. , Brandsma Corry A. , Timens Wim , van Schadewijk Annemarie , Hiemstra Peter S. , ten Hacken Nick H. T. , Oliver Brian , Kerstjens Huib A. M. , van den Berge Maarten , Faiz Alen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSmoking disturbs the bronchial‐mucus‐barrier. This study assesses the cellular composition and gene expression shifts of the bronchial‐mucus‐barrier with smoking to understand the mechanism of mucosal damage by cigarette smoke exposure. We explore whether single‐cell‐RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) based cellular deconvolution (CD) can predict cell‐type composition in RNA‐seq data.MethodsRNA‐seq data of bronchial biopsies from three cohorts were analysed using CD. The cohorts included 56 participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] (38 smokers; 18 ex‐smokers), 77 participants without COPD (40 never‐smokers; 37 smokers) and 16 participants who stopped smoking for 1 year (11 COPD and 5 non‐COPD‐smokers). Differential gene expression was used to investigate gene expression shifts. The CD‐derived goblet cell ratios were validated by correlating with staining‐derived goblet cell ratios from the COPD cohort. Statistics were done in the R software (false discovery rate p‐value < 0.05).ResultsBoth CD methods indicate a shift in bronchial‐mucus‐barrier cell composition towards goblet cells in COPD and non‐COPD‐smokers compared to ex‐ and never‐smokers. It shows that the effect was reversible within a year of smoking cessation. A reduction of ciliated and basal cells was observed with current smoking, which resolved following smoking cessation. The expression of mucin and sodium channel (ENaC) genes, but not chloride channel genes, were altered in COPD and current smokers compared to never smokers or ex‐smokers. The goblet cell‐derived staining scores correlate with CD‐derived goblet cell ratios.ConclusionSmoking alters bronchial‐mucus‐barrier cell composition, transcriptome and increases mucus production. This effect is partly reversible within a year of smoking cessation. CD methodology can predict goblet‐cell percentages from RNA‐seq.
Boundary behavior of the solution to the linear Korteweg‐De Vries equation on the half line
Authors: Chatziafratis Andreas , Kamvissis Spyridon , Stratis Ioannis G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the solution to the linear Korteweg‐De Vries (KdV) equation, both homogeneous and forced, on the quadrant via the unified transform method of Fokas and we provide a complete rigorous study of the integrals of the formula provided by the method, especially focusing on the explicit verification of the considered initial‐boundary‐value problems (IBVPs), with generic data, as well as on the uniform convergence of all its derivatives, as approaches the boundary of the quadrant, and their rapid decay as .
Prosodic variation of English in Dominica, Grenada, and Trinidad
Authors: Meer Philipp , Fuchs Robert , Deuber Dagmar , Lacoste Véronique , Hänsel Eva Canan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVarieties of English in the Caribbean have been claimed to have characteristic pitch patterns. However, there is little empirical research on prosodic aspects of English in the region. This paper provides a comparative phonetic analysis of several pitch parameters (pitch level, range, dynamism, rate of change, variability in rate of change, and tone rate) in English language data from Dominica, Grenada, and Trinidad that comprises read and spontaneous speech from 243 speakers. The results show that a wide pitch range and a high degree of variability in pitch, as mentioned in previous works, are not necessarily characteristic of English in the Caribbean overall, but that there are considerable cross‐territorial prosodic differences, with English in Trinidad showing more variability than in Dominica and Grenada, particularly among female speakers. Socioprosodic variation, largely specific to Trinidad, was also identified.
Effective Optimized Decomposition Algorithms for Solving Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Laoubi Marwa , Odibat Zaid , Maayah Banan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the optimized decomposition method, which was developed to solve integer-order differential equations, will be modified and extended to handle nonlinear fractional differential equations. Fractional derivatives will be considered in terms of Caputo sense. The suggested modifications design new optimized decompositions for the series solutions depending on linear approximations of the nonlinear equations. Two optimized decomposition algorithms have been introduced to obtain approximate solutions of broad classes of initial value problems (IVPs) consisting of nonlinear fractional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). A comparative study was conducted between the proposed algorithms and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) by means of some test illustration problems. The implemented numerical simulation results showed that the proposed algorithms give better accuracy and convergence, and reduce the complexity of computational work compared to the Adomian's approach. This confirms the belief that the optimized decomposition method will be used effectively and widely as a powerful tool in solving various fractional differential equations.
The Accelerated Transcatheter Heart Valve Testing Environment: Loading, Motion, and Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Ponnaluri Sailahari V. , Sacks Michael S. , Manning Keefe B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVRs) are an increasingly common treatment for aortic valve disease due to their minimally invasive delivery. As TAVR designs require thinner leaflets to facilitate catheter-based delivery, they experience greater leaflet operational stresses and potentially greater durability issues than conventional surgical valves. Yet, our understanding of TAVR durability remains largely unexplored. Currently, preclinical TAVR durability is evaluated within an ISO:5840 compliant accelerated wear tester (AWT) up to a required 200 × 106 cycles, corresponding to approximately five years in vivo. While AWTs use high cycle frequencies (10–20 Hz) to achieve realistic timeframes, the resulting valve loading behaviors and fluid dynamics are not representative of the in vivo environment and thus may not accurately predict failure mechanisms. Despite the importance of fatigue and failure predictions for replacement heart valves, surprisingly, little quantitative information exists on the dynamic AWT environment. To better understand this environment, we examined frequency and diastolic period effects for the first time using high-speed enface imaging and particle image velocimetry to quantify valve motion and flow, respectively, using a Durapulse™ AWT at frequencies of 10, 15, and 20 Hz. Regardless of operating condition, no waveform achieved a physiologically relevant transvalvular loading pressure, despite having an ISO compliant geometric orifice area (GOA) and waveform. General fluid mechanics were consistent with in vivo but the AWT geometry developed secondary flow structures, which could impact mechanical loading. Therefore, the nonphysiologic loading and variability induced by changes in operating condition must be carefully regulated to ensure physiologically relevant fatigue.