bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel polycaprolactone (PCL)‐type I collagen core‐shell electrospun nanofibers for wound healing applications
Authors: Anaya Mancipe Javier Mauricio , Boldrini Pereira Leonardo Cunha , de Miranda Borchio Priscila Grion , Dias Marcos Lopes , da Silva Moreira Thiré Rossana Mara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractType I collagen (Col_1) is one of the main proteins present in the skin extracellular matrix, serving as support for skin regeneration and maturation in its granulation stage. Electrospun materials have been intensively studied as the next generation of skin wound dressing mainly due to their high surface area and fibrous porosity. However, the electrospinning of collagen‐based solutions causes degradation of its structure. In this work, a coaxial electrospinning process was proposed to overcome this limitation. The production of mats of polycaprolactone (PCL)–Col_1/PVA (collagen/poly(vinyl alcohol)) composed of core‐shell nanofibers was investigated. PCL solution was used as the core solution, while Col_1/PVA was used as the shell solution. PVA was used to improve the processability of collagen, while PCL was employed to improve the mechanical properties and morphology of Col_1/PVA fibers. The morphology and the cytotoxicity of the fibers were highly dependent on the processing parameters. Defect‐free core‐shell nanofibers were obtained with a shell/core flow rates ratio = 4, flight distance of 12 cm, and an applied voltage of 16 kV. Using this strategy, the triple helix structure characteristic of the collagen molecule was preserved. Moreover, the common post‐processing of solvent removal could be suppressed, simplifying the manufacturing processing of these biomaterials. The nanostructured mats showed no cytotoxicity, high liquid absorption, structural stability, hydrophilic character, and collagen release capacity, making them a potential novel dressing for skin damage regeneration, in special in the case of chronic wounds treatment, in which exogenous collagen delivery is necessary.
BML‐260 promotes the growth of cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with improved reconstitution ability
Authors: Albayrak Esra , Akgol Sezer , Turan Raife Dilek , Uslu Merve , Kocabas Fatih 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are multipotent and have the ability to self‐renew, are frequently used in the treatment of hematological diseases and cancer. Small molecules that target HSC quiescence regulators could be used for ex vivo expansion of both mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We identified and investigated 35 small molecules that target HSC quiescence factors. We looked at how they affected HSC activity, such as expansion, quiescence, multilineage capacity, cycling ability, metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. A transplantation study was carried out on immunocompromised mice to assess the expanded cells' repopulation and engraftment abilities. 4‐[(5Z)‐5‐benzylidene‐4‐oxo‐2‐sulfanylidene‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐3‐yl]benzoic acid (BML)‐260 and tosyl‐l‐arginine methyl ester (TAME) significantly increased both mPB and UCB‐HSPC content and activated HSC re‐entry into the cell cycle. The improved multilineage capacity was confirmed by the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that BML‐260 and TAME molecules aided HSC expansion by modulating cell cycle kinetics, such as p27, SKP2, and CDH1. In addition to these in vitro findings, we discovered that BML‐260‐expanded HSCs had a high hematopoietic reconstitution capacity with increased immune cell content after xenotransplantation into immunocompromised mice. In addition to the BML‐260 molecule, a comparison study of serum‐containing and serum‐free chemically defined media, including various supplements, was performed. These in vitro and xenotransplantation results show that BML‐260 molecules can be used for human HSC expansion and regulation of function. Furthermore, the medium composition discovered may be a novel platform for human HSPC expansion that could be used in clinical trials.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in musculoskeletal imaging: Current applications
Authors: D'Angelo Tommaso , Caudo Danilo , Blandino Alfredo , Albrecht Moritz H. , Vogl Thomas J. , Gruenewald Leon D. , Gaeta Michele , Yel Ibrahim , Koch Vitali , Martin Simon S. , Lenga Lukas , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Sironi Sandro , Mazziotti Silvio , Booz Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence is rapidly expanding in all technological fields. The medical field, and especially diagnostic imaging, has been showing the highest developmental potential. Artificial intelligence aims at human intelligence simulation through the management of complex problems. This review describes the technical background of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. The first section illustrates the general potential of artificial intelligence applications in the context of request management, data acquisition, image reconstruction, archiving, and communication systems. In the second section, the prospective of dedicated tools for segmentation, lesion detection, automatic diagnosis, and classification of musculoskeletal disorders is discussed.
Dental hygiene students’ participation as subjects in a randomized controlled trial: A full evidence‐based dentistry experience
Authors: Chambers David W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeDemonstrate that dental hygiene students’ participation in a randomized controlled trial comparing the plaque‐removing capability of two toothbrushes provides a fuller understanding of the factors affecting the potential application of research to practice.MethodsAll students (N = 18) in a baccalaureate dental hygiene class were engaged in the design of a randomized controlled trial using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) standard and then participated as subjects in a staggered, repeated measures trial using plaque removal as the dependent variable and brush type, brush head wear, and time in study as independent variables. A debriefing of student participation and lessons learned from analyzing the results was conducted.ResultsThe study found statistically significant differences in plaque removal capability. Brush type accounted for only 4% of the variance, while measures of brush head wear were inconsistent, and time in the study (“experimental fatigue”) accounted for the most variance (9%). Students recognized and confirmed by their personal experiences that research that fails to focus on variance can create an overly optimistic impression of research effectiveness. There was strong agreement that subjects/patients vary widely and that performance depends on multiple factors.ConclusionsDental hygiene students who participated as subjects in a randomized controlled trial comparing toothbrushes for plaque removal capacity felt that full analysis to account for all sources of variance and estimate the magnitude of measures of effect add to the value of reported research. Variation across patients is important in practice, if often overlooked as an “error” in the literature.
COVID‐19 vaccinations and rates of infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths in Europe during SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron wave in the first quarter of 2022
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Kasianchuk Nadiia , Sikora Dominika , Poniedziałek Barbara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe vaccination campaigns brought hope to minimizing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) burden. However, the emergence of novel, highly transmissible Omicron lineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the waning of neutralizing antibodies a few months after vaccination has brought concerns over the vaccine efficacy. The present work analyzed the relationships between COVID‐19 vaccine coverage (completion of primary course and booster dose intake) in the European Economic Area and rates of infection, hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units (ICU), and deaths during the Omicron wave in the first quarter of 2022 (January–April). As demonstrated, infection rates were not correlated to vaccine coverage in any considered month. For January and February, the rates of hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and death due to COVID‐19 were strongly negatively correlated (r =− 0.54 to −0.82) with the percentage of individuals who completed initial vaccination protocol and the percentage of those who received a booster dose. However, in March and April, the percentage of the population with primary vaccination course correlated negatively only with ICU admissions (r = −0.77 and −0.46, respectively). The uptake of boosters in March still remained in significant negative correlation with hospitalizations (r = −0.45), ICU admissions (r = −0.70) and deaths due to COVID‐19 (r = −0.37), although in April these relationships were no longer observed. The percentage of individuals with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection did not correlate with the pandemic indices for any considered month. The study indicates that COVID‐19 vaccination, including booster administration, was beneficial in decreasing the overwhelming of healthcare systems during the Omicron wave, but novel vaccine strategies may be required in the long term to enhance the effectiveness and durability of vaccine‐induced protection during future waves of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.
Complex evaluation of Raman spectra using morphological filtering: Algorithms, software implementation, and experimental verification of baseline correction, peak recognition, and cosmic ray removal in SERS spectra of designer drugs
Authors: Pavelka Vít , Hemzal Dušan , Hrbáč Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe discuss a full‐scale treatment of real‐life Raman spectra with pronounced artifacts via mathematical morphology: Baseline correction, peak recognition, and cosmic ray removal are provided using a single kernel. The suggested treatment is peak‐oriented, and its novelty lies in utilization of contact points between a spectrum and its morphological mapping to provide robust peak recognition via low‐order morphological operators. Reaching a compromise between complicated iterative processing and requiring tedious input from the user, the provided algorithms permit effective unsupervised evaluation of individual spectra as well as Raman maps and time or depth series. The method is demonstrated on SERS identification of selected designer drugs.
Neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia due to SOX6 mutations
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Mueller Christine , Biskup Saskia , Fietzek Urban M. , Schroeder Andreas Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMutations in SOX6 have recently been recognized as a new molecular cause of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability, behavioral changes, and nonspecific facial and digital skeletal abnormalities. To date, <25 cases have been reported in the literature.Methods and FindingsHere we report a new case of SOX6‐associated neurodegeneration and expand the phenotype to include ceratoconus. The clinical picture consisted of early onset mildly reduced intellectual function, facial asymmetry, and dystonic tremor of hands and neck, substantially improved by levodopa. Skeletal abnormalities included scoliosis and hypertrophy of the mandibular coronoid process. A heterozygous de novo loss‐of‐function variant in SOX6 (c.277 C>T. p.Arg93*) was molecularly confirmed which leads to truncation of the SOX6 protein in its N‐terminus, upstream of any known functional domain.ConclusionSOX6‐associated neurodevelopmental delayis ultrarare with less than 25 cases described in the literature. We report a new case who presented with early‐onset mildly reduced intellectual function, facial asymmetry, skeletal abnormalities and dystonic tremor of hands and neck, substantially improved by levodopa. Given the therapeutic implications, SOX6 mutations should be considered in patients with complex dystonia parkinsonism.
Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves
Authors: Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article reviews the epidemiology, classification, localization, prognosis, and mechanisms of recovery of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). Electrodiagnostic (EDx) assessments are critical components of treating patients with PNIs. In particular, motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, and other electrophysiological methods are useful for localizing peripheral nerve injuries, detecting and quantifying the degree of axon loss, and contributing toward treatment decisions as well as prognostication. It is critical that EDx medical consultants are aware of the timing of these changes as well as limitations in interpretations. Mechanisms of recovery may include recovery from conduction block, muscle fiber hypertrophy, distal axonal sprouting, and axon regrowth from the site of injury. Motor recovery generally reaches a plateau at 18 to 24 months postinjury. When patients have complete or severe nerve injuries they should be referred to surgical colleagues early after injury, as outcomes are best when nerve transfers are performed within the first 3 to 6 months after onset.
Weighted relaxation for multigrid reduction in time
Authors: Sugiyama Masumi , Schroder Jacob B. , Southworth Ben S. , Friedhoff Stephanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent trends in computer architectures now mean that faster computation speed must come primarily from increased concurrency, not faster clock speeds, which are stagnating. Thus, this situation creates bottlenecks for serial algorithms, including the well‐known bottleneck for sequential time‐integration, where each individual time‐value (i.e., time‐step) is computed sequentially. One approach to alleviate this and achieve parallelism in time is with multigrid. In this work, we consider multigrid‐reduction‐in‐time (MGRIT), a multilevel method applied to the time dimension that computes multiple time‐steps in parallel. Like all multigrid methods, MGRIT relies on the complementary relationship between relaxation on a fine‐grid and a correction from the coarse grid to solve the problem. All current MGRIT implementations are based on unweighted‐Jacobi relaxation; here we introduce the concept of weighted relaxation to MGRIT. We derive new convergence bounds for weighted relaxation, and use this analysis to guide the selection of relaxation weights. Numerical results then demonstrate that by choosing appropriate non‐unitary relaxation weights, one can achieve faster convergence rates and lower iteration counts for MGRIT when compared with unweighted relaxation. In most cases, weighted relaxation yields a 10%–20% saving in iterations, which is significant when using large high‐performance computers. For A‐stable integration schemes, results also illustrate that under‐relaxation canrestore convergencein some cases where unweighted relaxation is not convergent.
Lower and upper bounds of condition number for Vandermonde‐wise matrices and method of fundamental solutions using pseudo radial‐lines
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ping , Li Zi‐Cai , Lee Ming‐Gong , Huang Hung‐Tsai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConsider the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for 2D Laplace's equation in a bounded simply connected domain . In the standard MFS, the source nodes are located on a closed contour outside the domain boundary , which is called pseudo‐boundary. For circular, elliptic, and general closed pseudo‐boundaries, analysis and computation have been studied extensively. New locations of source nodes are proposed along two pseudo radial‐lines outside . Numerical results are very encouraging and promising. Since the success of the MFS mainly depends on stability, our efforts are focused on deriving the lower and upper bounds of condition number (Cond). The study finds stability properties of new Vandermonde‐wise matrices on nodes with . The Vandermonde‐wise matrix is called in this article if it can be decomposed into the standard Vandermonde matrix. New lower and upper bounds of Cond are first derived for the standard Vandermonde matrix, and then for new algorithms of the MFS using two pseudo radial‐lines. Both lower and upper bounds of Cond are intriguing in the stability study for the MFS. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify the stability analysis made. Since the fundamental solutions (as ) are the basis functions of the MFS, new Vandermonde‐wise matrices are found. Since the nodes with may come from approximations and interpolations by the Laurent polynomials with singular part, the conclusions in this article are important not only to the MFS but also to matrix analysis.
How we approach genetics in the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies
Authors: Setty Bhuvana A. , Wusik Katie , Hammill Adrienne M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are currently classified based on their clinical and histological characteristics. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in molecular genetics that have led to identification of genetic alterations associated with vascular tumors, vascular malformations, and syndromes. Here, we describe known genetic alterations in vascular anomalies, discuss when and how to test, and examine how identification of causative genetic mutations provides for better management of these disorders through improved understanding of their pathogenesis and increasing use of targeted therapeutic agents in order to achieve better outcomes for our patients.
Pulmonary hypertension screening in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Chan Kok Hoe , Rizvi Syeda Hiba , De Jesus‐Rojas Wilfredo , Stark James M. , Mosquera Ricardo A. , Prada‐Ruiz Adriana Carolina , Gonzales Traci , Brown Deborah L. , Menon Neethu M. , Nguyen Trinh T. , Jon Cindy K. , Yadav Aravind 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundScreening for pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is recommended in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, best approaches are poorly described. We examined the utility of PHT symptoms, echocardiogram (ECHO), N‐terminal‐pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and BNP to screen for PHT in the SCD pediatric population.MethodsChildren (8–18 years old) with SCD‐HbSS and HbSthal° were prospectively included and underwent PHT screening. The screening consisted of a comprehensive PHT symptoms evaluation, ECHO measurement, and NT‐proBNP and BNP levels.ResultsA total of 73 patients were included (mean age 12 ± 5.7 years; >80% on hydroxyurea), of which 37% had a symptom consistent with PHT, including exertional dyspnea (26.5%), fatigue (17.6%), palpitation (14.7%), and chest pain (10.3%). ECHO was obtained in 53 (72.6%) patients, with only ECHO of 48 patients included in the final analysis. Elevated ECHO peak tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) >2.5 m/s or indirect findings to suggest PHT were seen in only two of 48 (4.2%). No significant differences were seen between those with and without PHT symptoms when compared for NT‐proBNP, BNP, hemoglobin, pulmonary function testing, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, asthma, oxygen saturation, and sleep apnea.ConclusionPHT symptoms are not consistent with ECHO, NT‐proBNP nor BNP findings in children with SCD. PHT prevalence based on TRV was low in children on hydroxyurea, therefore screening may not be warranted for this group.
RNA biology takes root in plant systems
Authors: Yu David , McKinley Lauren , Nien Yachi , Prall Wil , Zvarick Allison 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in RNA biology such as RNAi, CRISPR, and the first mRNA vaccine represent the enormous potential of RNA research to address current problems. Additionally, plants are a diverse and undeniably essential resource for life threatened by climate change, loss of arable land, and pollution. Different aspects of RNA such as its processing, modification and structure are intertwined with plant development, physiology and stress response. This report details the findings of researchers around the world during the 23rd Penn State Symposium in Plant Biology with a focus in RNA biology.
Theoretical calculation of nitro‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)‐1H‐azoles energetic compounds
Authors: Qi Zhibin , Lu Yong , Gou Ruijun , Zhang Shuhai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to study the properties of new energetic compounds formed by introducing nitroazoles into 2,4,6‐trinitrobezene, the density, heat of formation and detonation properties of 36 nitro‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene)‐1H‐azoles energetic compounds are studied by density functional theory, and their stability and melting point are predicted. The results show that most of target compounds have good detonation properties and stability. And it is found that nitro‐1‐(2,4,6‐Trinitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole compounds and nitro‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrop‐enyl)‐1H‐Imidazole compounds have good thermal stability, and their weakest bond is CNO2 bond, the bond dissociation energy of the weakest bond is 222–238 kJ mol−1 and close to 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (235 kJ mol−1). The weakest bond of the other compounds may be the CNO2 bond or the NN bond, and the strength of the NN bond is related to the nitro group on azole ring.
Management‐induced shifts in rhizosphere bacterial communities contribute to the control of pathogen causing citrus greening disease
Authors: Bazany Kathryn E. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Thompson Abigail , Wang Jun‐Tao , Otto Kristen , Adair Robert C. , Borch Thomas , Leach Jan E. , Trivedi Pankaj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCitrus greening (aka Huanglongbing, HLB) caused primarily by the bacterial pathogenCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus (CLas) has devastating effects on the global citrus industry. Agricultural management‐induced changes in microbial communities are hypothesised to contribute toward HLB resistance by reducing pathogen titre and increasing root and soil health. However, we have a limited understanding of the impacts of management practices on the soil microbiome, making the extent of HLB management uncertain.Material and MethodsHere we investigated the effect of agricultural management practices on reducingCLas titer via changes in rhizosphere‐associated bacterial communities. Rhizosphere and root samples were collected from two sites in Florida where different management practices (e.g., metalized reflective mulch ground covers, compost application and microbial inoculations) are currently being implemented to prevent HLB. Management‐induced changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community were assessed using amplicon sequencing. qPCR assays were used to quantify the titer of the pathogenCLas in roots. In addition, we measured soil properties and the activities of microbial enzymes involved in soil nutrient cycling.ResultsOur results indicated that certain management practices lead to shifts in the community structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities that negatively interact with the HLB pathogen. Management practices improved soil quality and reducedCLas titer. Additionally, we found that Actinobacteria were frequently enriched in the successful treatment sites, suggesting that Actinobacteria taxa could be indicators for HLB suppression properties in the soil.ConclusionOur results suggest that microbiome manipulation, either through changes in the management practices or microbial amendment, can increase the suppressive potential of soils, resulting in the reduction inCLas titer and potentially leading to HLB suppression in citrus groves.