bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of corneal endothelial cell loss during manual small-incision cataract surgery using viscoelastic-assisted nucleus removal versus continuous balanced salt solution plus technique - Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Morya Arvind Kumar , Gurnani Bharat , Mishra Deepak , Kaur Kirandeep , Porwal Amit , Sisodia Priya , Tejaswini Antarvedi , Balakrishnan Logesh 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the endothelial cell loss during manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) using the viscoelastic-assisted nucleus removal versus basal salt solution plus technique.Methods:This was a prospective randomized trial of 204 patients who underwent MSICS using viscoelastic-assisted nucleus removal (Group 1- OVD) versus basal salt solution plus technique (Group 2- BSS) at a tertiary eye care hospital in North India from January 2018 to 2021. Of these 204 patients, 103 (50.5%) and 101 (49.5%) were allocated to Group 1 and 2, respectively. The parameters assessed were detailed history, demographics, and anterior and posterior segment details. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), keratometry, pachymetry, and endothelial cell density were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively on day 1 and 30.Results:The mean age of the patients was 64.5 ± 8.2 years (range 48–82 years). There were 129 (63.2%) males and 75 (36.8%) females. The mean LogMAR visual acuity for both groups on day 1 (Group 1- 0.3 ± 0.1, Group 2- 0.5 ± 0.2) and day 30 (Group 1- 0.1 ± 0.2, Group 2- 0.1 ± 0.1) was statistically significant (P< 0.001), and the mean IOPvalue showed a statistically significant value (P< 0.009) on day 1 in Group 2 (15.0 ± 2.4 mmHg) and on day 30 (P< 0.001) in both the groups (Group 1- 13.6 ± 1.8 mmHg, Group 2- 13.5 ± 2 mmHg). The horizontal and vertical k values also showed a statistically significant difference on day 1 and day 30 (P< 0.001). The mean percentage change of central corneal thickness (CCT) in Group 1 was 17.7% and in Group 2 was 17.4% on day 1, and it was 1.1% on day 30 in both the groups, which was statistically significant (P< 0.001) compared to preoperative values. The percentage change in endothelial cell density on day 1 was 9% in Group 1 and 4.6% in Group 2, which was statistically significant (P< 0.001). On day 30, it was 9.7% and 4.8%, respectively, which was statistically significant (P< 0.001).Conclusion:Our study highlights statistically significant endothelial cell loss with viscoelastic-assisted nuclear delivery compared to BSS-assisted nuclear delivery during MSICS in a short follow-up of 1 month. The CCT values showed a slight increase, and the keratometry and IOP were unaffected compared to the preoperative parameters in both the groups.
Comparison of changes in endothelial cell count and central corneal thickness after phacoemulsification and small-incision cataract surgery
Authors: Kumar Ram , Wahi Dipti , Tripathi Punita 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Morphological stability and functional integrity of corneal endothelium are necessary to maintain long-term corneal transparency. When the number of endothelial cells drops below 450–800 cells/mm2, corneal edema, irreversible loss of corneal transparency, and decreased vision occur. There is concern regarding manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) being more harmful to the endothelium in comparison to phacoemulsification. Our study aims to determine which technique maintains the corneal parameters closest to the normal physiological state.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 15 months on 100 eyes, out of which 43 patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery and 57 underwent MSICS. TOPCON SP-1P, Version 1.41, 50–60 Hz frequency, noncontact specular microscope with pachymeter was used to measure endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) on four occasions: 1 day prior to surgery and on day 1, 3rd week, and 6th week after surgery.

Results:
In total, 100 eyes of 100 subjects were studied with no dropout during the study period. The age range was 40–70 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative mean ECC and mean CCT in phacoemulsification and SICS groups. A statistically significant difference was observed in the postoperative mean ECC (P < 0.01) and mean CCT (P < 0.001) on day 1 and 3rd week between the phacoemulsification and SICS groups, respectively. The mean endothelial cell loss at 6 weeks was less with SICS but comparable with phacoemulsification.

Conclusion:
SICS is significantly faster, less expensive, less technology dependent, can deal with all types of cataracts, is relatively safe, and is more appropriate for advanced cataracts.
Spectrum of signs, symptoms, and treatment in amphotericin B–resistant Trichosporon endophthalmitis
Authors: Agrawal Saurabh 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to present the signs, symptoms, management, and outcome of a series of cases of cluster endophthalmitis caused by a multi-drug resistant fungus, Trichosporon.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, non-randomized, consecutive interventional case series. Ten cases of postoperative endophthalmitis operated by a surgeon on three consecutive operation theater (OT) days presented 3–5 months after their surgery. All cases were microbiologically confirmed. The pathogen was found to be resistant to most antifungals, including amphotericin B. The cases had a latent period of around 45 days. Management of endophthalmitis included intravitreal injections, anterior chamber (AC) lavage, Pars Plana vitrectomy (PPV), posterior capsulotomy, IOL, and capsular bag removal. Multiple intravitreal injections were required due to recurrence of infections after initial improvement with voriconazole injections.

Results:
Structural integrity was maintained and infection-free status was achieved in all the eyes. The presenting vision ranged from 6/60 to PL (perception of light). Seven out of 10 had improvement in their final vision over the presenting vision. Final outcome of four patients had vision of 6/24 or better, 4 patients had vision in the range of 2/60 to 6/36 and 2 patients had PL.

Conclusion:

Trichosporon can cause devasting infections even in the immunocompetent, especially in association with implants and catheters. Triazoles form the mainstay of treatment of Trichosporon infection due to the high susceptibility of the organism in vitro. A regimen including voriconazole and amphotericin B may prove to be the most effective. This is the first report of an outbreak of cluster endophthalmitis caused by Trichosporon.
Evaluation of efficacy of intracameral lidocaine and tropicamide injection in manual small-incision cataract surgery
Authors: Bhat Ketaki T , Wadgaonkar Surendra P , Undre Ashish A , Heda Aarti S 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of intracameral lidocaine hydrochloride 1% and tropicamide injection 0.02% for anaesthesia and mydriasis in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and to report any adverse drug reaction.

Methods:
This was a randomized, prospective, observational study on 32 participants that took place from October 2021 to March 2022 (6 months). Patients between age group 40–75 year with nuclear sclerosis cataract and pupil diameter >6 mm in preoperative evaluation were included in the study. Patients with pseudoexfoliation, rigid pupil, senile miosis, history of uveitis, ocular trauma, recent ocular infections, with known allergy to tropicamide, all types of glaucoma were excluded from the study.

Results:
Thirty-two eyes with nuclear sclerosis cataract who underwent MSICS were studied. Fixed dose combination of 2 ml phenyl epinephrine (0.31%), tropicamide (0.02%), and lidocaine (1%) intracamerally was used for mydriasis and analgesia. More than 7 mm pupillary dilatation was achieved within 20 seconds of injection in 29 cases (90.6%). Mild pain and discomfort was noted in 12 cases (37.5%). Postoperative day 1 unaided visual acuity was in the range of 6/18–6/12 for all patients and grade 1 iritis was seen in 7 cases (21.8%) which was self-limiting. No adverse event like corneal decompensation or TASS were noted.

Conclusion:
Thus, Intracameral injection of mydriatic provides rapid and sustainable mydriasis and analgesia for manual SICS.
Impact of comprehensive eye examination in identifying the ocular co-morbidities in patients screened for cataract surgery through the out-reach activities
Authors: Gangwe Anil Babanrao , Chatterjee Samrat , Singh Abhishek , Dewangan Khushboo , Agrawal Deepshikha 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the impact of comprehensive eye examination in identifying the ocular co-morbidities in patients presenting for cataract surgery through the community screening program.

Methods:
This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study in a tertiary eye care institute. Comprehensive eye examination was performed for all patients screened for cataract surgery through the out-reach activities. Patients suspected to have any ocular co-morbidity were revaluated by sub-specialty trained ophthalmologists, and further management was planned. The demographic details of patients, sub-specialty consultation, final diagnosis, and type of the treatment received by these patients were recorded.

Results:
During the study period, 4022 patients were referred to the base hospital for cataract surgery, of whom 922 (22.9%) needed a specialist opinion. Glaucoma (238) and retinal disorders (232) constituted half (51%) of these referrals. There were 313 (33.9%) patients having co-morbidities because of corneal, oculoplastic, and neuro-ophthalmic conditions. After specialist review, 397 (43.1%) patients underwent only cataract surgery, 55 patients (5.9%) underwent combined surgeries, and 168 (18.2%) patients underwent other procedures. Cataract surgery was not performed in 470 (50.9%) patients, of which 302 were prescribed glasses or managed medically.

Conclusion:
All patients screened for cataract surgery through out-reach programs require a comprehensive eye examination to identify ocular diseases other than cataract. Provisions must be made for providing alternative or additional treatment in those with various ocular co-morbidities.
Central macular thickness change after uneventful small-incision cataract surgery - An observational study
Authors: Dabas Garvita , Shukla Prachi , Mithal Kopal , Bhartiya Suman , Singh Vijay Pratap , Agarwal Swati 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to diagnose CME with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT) after uneventful cataract surgery to prevent visual deterioration.

Methods:
This study was conducted on 120 patients, who underwent manual small-incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intra-ocular lens implantation. Follow-up was performed after the first week, sixth week, and 12th week post-operatively. Detailed examination was performed at each visit along with measurements of central macular thickness using OCT. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0.

Result:
The mean age of the patients was 61.85 ± 11.41 years having female preponderance. The pre-operative mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found to be 0.05 ± 0.04, whereas the mean post-operative BCVA was found to be 0.65 ± 0.17 at the first week, 0.66 ± 0.17 at the sixth week, and 0.67 ± 0.17 at the 12th week follow-up. The post-operative mean macular thicknesses at the first week, sixth week, and 12th week post-operatively were documented to be 221.66 ± 8.49 μm, 224.60 ± 8.75 μm, and 219.17 ± 8.22 μm, respectively.

Conclusion:
A sub-clinical increase in macular thickness occurs even after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The maximum increase was observed after 6 weeks of surgery, which returns to near normal values within 3 months. Comparison of central macular thicknesses pre-operatively and post-operatively at the first week, sixth week, and 12th week suggests a significant correlation.
Intra- and post-operative outcomes in benign gynaecologic surgeries before and after the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols: A comparison
Authors: Sinha Rooma , Verma Neeru , Bana Rupa , Kalidindi Nivya , Sampurna Sowmya , Mohanty Girija Shankar 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To compare intra- and post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing benign gynaecologic surgery before and after the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols.

Introduction:
ERAS is a multidisciplinary teamwork with the aim to reduce the body’s reaction to surgical stress. The key components of ERAS include pre-operative counselling, avoiding prolonged fasting, standardised analgesic and anaesthetic regimes, early mobilisation and early discharge.

Materials and Methods:
Women undergoing hysterectomy and myomectomy were included in the study. The pre-ERAS group had 100 cases and the ERAS group had 104. Demographic data of both the groups were compared. Duration of surgery, amount of blood loss, intra-abdominal drain, oral feed, catheter removal, ambulation, passage of flatus and length of stay were compared.

Results:
The demographic profiles of both the groups were comparable. Time taken to intake of liquids (P < 0.001), solid food (P < 0.001), passage of flatus (P = 0.001), removal of Foley’s catheter (P = 0.023), ambulation (P = 0.007), pain score (P = 0.001) and length of stay in hospital (P < 0.001) were statistically significantly shorter in the ERAS group when compared to the pre-ERAS group. A significant difference was seen in the use of intraperitoneal drains in the ERAS group (81% vs. 23.1%), and if used, drains were removed early in the ERAS group (66.66% vs. 28.39%) within 40 h. Both the groups had similar intra- and immediate post-operative complications.

Conclusion:
ERAS helps in reducing length of stay with early feeding and ambulation, leading to early discharge without increase in intra- and post-operative complications in women undergoing benign gynaecological surgeries.
The effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on live birth rate of patients with unexplained early recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Mohammad-Akbari Azam , Mohazzab Arash , Tavakoli Maryam , Karimi Atousa , Zafardoust Simin , Zolghadri Zhaleh , Shahali Shadab , Tokhmechi Reyhane , Ansaripour Soheila 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The effect of anticoagulant medication in unexplained early recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients is controversial. This clinical trial evaluated the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on pregnancy outcomes in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
The study was performed as a single-blind randomized clinical trial between 2016 and 2018. Samples were selected from patients who were referred to Avicenna RPL clinic with a history of at least two previously happened early unexplained miscarriages. The eligibility was defined strictly to select unexplained RPL patients homogenously. One hundred and seventy-three patients who got pregnant recently were allocated randomly into two groups LMWH plus low-dose aspirin treatment (Group A = 85) and low-dose aspirin treatment only (Group B = 88)) and were followed up till their pregnancy termination (delivery/abortion). A per-protocol analysis was carried out and all statistical tests were two-sided with a P < 0.05 significance level.

Results:
The live birth rates (LBRs) in Groups A and B were 78% and 77.1%, respectively, which did not show any statistically significant difference between the two groups, neither in rates nor in time of abortion. In subgroup analysis for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, the odds ratio for study outcome (intervention/control) was 2.25 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–7.73). There was no major adverse event whereas minor bleeding was observed in 18% of patients in Group A.

Conclusion:
LMWH does not improve the LBR in unexplained RPL patients, however, it is recommended to evaluate its effect separately in PCOS patients.
Dermatologic problems associated with personal protective equipment in health-care workers managing COVID-19 patients
Authors: Alizadeh Narges , Darjani Abbas , Rafiei Rana , Gharaeinejad Kaveh , Eftekhari Hojat , Bahrami Elahe , Rafiei Elahe 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The safety of health-care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern worldwide. Dermatological problems due to personal protective equipment are annoying issues. We aimed to evaluate dermatological adverse events following the use of these protections in HCWs managing COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty-six workers managing COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We conducted face-to-face interviews to collect the data and focused mainly on protection type and mucocutaneous symptoms with new onset or exaggeration after this equipment.

Results:
Dermatological problems following protective equipment usage occurred mainly during the 1st week (65.4%). The most common site of skin involvement was the nose (82.7%) and the most frequent visible complaints were the pressure effect and erythema on the nose in 80.8% and 57.7% of cases, respectively. There was a significant association between mask type and facial skin problems (P < 0.001). The main symptoms were itching (21.8% scalp, 39.1% face and body) and burning sensation (14.1% scalp, 23.7% face and body). Skin desquamation (37.2%) and dorsal hand dermatitis (41.66%) were significantly more frequent in atopic participants (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Hand involvement was significantly associated with frequency of hand washing (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–3.74, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
We found that skin problems related to protective equipment were common and frequently located on the face mainly due to facial masks. These complications should be prevented by proper use of this equipment.
A Review of the Surveillance Techniques for Aedes albopictus
Authors: Liu Qin-Mei , Gong Zhen-Yu , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) transmits a variety of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) and acts as one of the most dangerous mosquito species in the world. Mosquito surveillance is the main means of evaluating vector density, vector-borne disease risk, and the efficacy of vector-control operations. The larval density of Ae. albopictus can be reflected by means of Breteau index and Route index, and egg density can be monitored by ovitrap and mosq-ovitrap, whereas mosquito surveillance methods mainly include human landing catch, human-baited double net trap, BG-Sentinel trap, autocidal gravid ovitrap, gravid Aedes trap, and mosquito magnet. This article describes different methods of Ae. albopictus surveillance and offers suggestions to improve surveillance.
Evaluation of the Metabolic Activity of the Infiltration and Proliferation Areas of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis in Rats Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Yang Lingfei , Chen Lu , Song Tao 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT.
This study evaluated the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in assessing the metabolic activity of infiltration and proliferation areas of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) in rats. CEUS was performed on Wistar rats with HAE. The average grayscale value of the HAE lesion in peripheral infiltration and proliferation areas (PIPAs) and the adjacent normal liver tissue was analyzed quantitatively. Contrast imaging was classified as highly increased enhancement, moderately increased enhancement, and equal or decreased enhancement. Microvessel density (MVD) in the PIPAs was classified as strongly positive, moderately positive, and weakly positive. The metabolic activity of HAE in the PIPAs was classified as high activity, moderate activity, and low activity according to the MVD classification results. The kappa test was combined with the metabolic activity level of the PIPAs to analyze the consistency of CEUS intensity and MVD. CEUS can score the metabolic activity of the infiltration and proliferation areas around HAE lesions, and provides a basis for clinical treatment and follow-up visits. CEUS could be used as a more economical and effective imaging option for evaluating the metabolic activity of HAE lesions.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PKN MENGGUNAKAN METODE JIGSAW DI KELAS IV SDN 26 MENTATAI BELOYANG
Authors: Elyusno Elyusno , Mutazam Mutazam , Ason Ason 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:This classroom action research aims to find out the improvement of student learning outcomes using the jigsaw method. Specifically this study aims to describe the improvement in student learning outcomes using the jigsaw method in class student IV SDN 26 Mentatai Beloyang. This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle divided into 4 steps, consisting of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting.The research method used is PTK which refers to Kemmis Mc Taggart model. Data collected in the form of student learning outcomes. Data collection techniques used are question sheets. Research data is described through tables to see an increase in student learning outcomes that are quantitative.The results of the study can be concluded as follows: 1) learning planning is prepared based on the results of the previous cycle of reflection that is done in each cycle. 2) after the implementation of learning using the jigsaw method. 3) student learning outcomes in cycle I amounted to 41.66%, whereas in cycle II it was 100% and experienced an increase of 58.34%. For KBM in cycle I gained 86.32 while cycle II became 100% increased by 13.68%.Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Jigsaw Method. Abstrak : Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan metode jigsaw. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan metode jigsaw pada siswa kelas IV SDN 26 Mentatai Beloyang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terbagi menjadi 4 langkah, terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan kelas (PTK) yang mengacu pada model Kemmis Mc Taggart. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa nilai hasil belajar siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar soal. Data penelitian dideskripsikan melalui tabel untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang bersifat kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1) perencanaan pembelajaran disusun berdasarkan hasil refleksi siklus sebelumnya yang dilakukan pada setiap siklus. 2) setelah pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan metode jigsaw. 3) hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 41.66%, sedangkan pada siklus II menjadi sebesar 100% dan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 58.34%. Untuk Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (KBM) pada siklus I memperoleh 86.32% sedangkan siklus II menjadi 100%, mengalami peningkatan sebesar 13.68%.Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Metode Jigsaw.