bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Clinical Relapses in Pediatric Luminal Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sassine Samuel , Djani Lisa , Cambron-Asselin Christine , Savoie Mathieu , Lin Yi Fan , Qaddouri Marwa , Zekhnine Souhila , Grzywacz Kelly , Groleau Véronique , Dirks Martha , Drouin Éric , Halac Ugur , Marchand Valérie , Girard Chloé , Courbette Olivier , Patey Natalie , Dal Soglio Dorothée , Deslandres Colette , Jantchou Prévost 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
There is currently little knowledge on factors associated with the relapse of Crohn's disease (CD) in children. The aims of this study were to describe the risk factors associated with relapse in pediatric CD and the changes in the relapse rate over the past decade.

METHODS:
Patients younger than 18 years and diagnosed between 2009 and 2019 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical, endoscopic, histological, and laboratory data, as well as induction and maintenance treatments, were collected from the medical records. Survival analyses and Cox regression models were used to assess the impact of these risk factors on relapse.

RESULTS:
Six hundred thirty-nine patients were included. There was a decrease in the clinical relapse rate over the past decade: 70.9% of the patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2014 relapsed as compared with 49.1% of the patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 (P < 0.0001). The following variables were associated with clinical relapse: female sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.52, P = 0.0007), exposure to oral 5-ASA (aHR = 1.44, P = 0.04), use of immunomodulatory agents compared with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (methotrexate aHR = 1.73, P = 0.003; thiopurines aHR = 1.63, P = 0.002), presence of granulomas (aHR = 1.34, P = 0.02) and increased eosinophils on intestinal biopsies (aHR = 1.36, P = 0.02), high levels of C-reactive protein (aHR = 1.01, P < 0.0001) and fecal calprotectin (aHR = 1.08, P < 0.0001), and low serum infliximab levels (aHR = 2.32, P = 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Relapse of pediatric CD has decreased in the past decade. The risk of relapse is significantly associated with clinical, endoscopic, histological, and laboratory variables and treatment strategies.
Asymmetric Effects of Private Debt on Income Growth
Authors: Liaqat Zara , Ahmed Muhammad Farid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper uses a panel vector autoregressive model to study the differential effects of components of private debt on income growth for a large panel of countries. While household debt growth in a given period generally has a positive impact on income, this effect is much stronger for countries with relatively lower levels of income and household debt-to-GDP ratios. On the other hand, the responsiveness of income growth to an increase in corporate debt varies across countries, with a consistently negative impact in richer and/or more heavily indebted countries. A simple extension of our framework suggests the roles of investment and consumption spending in explaining the varying effects of household and corporate debt on growth. We carry out several exercises to illustrate the robustness of our results.
A photosensitizing fusion protein with targeting capabilities
Authors: Bruno Stefano , Margiotta Marilena , Cozzolino Marco , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Cavanna Luigi , Tognolini Massimiliano , Abbruzzetti Stefania , Viappiani Cristiano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The photodynamic treatment for antimicrobial applications or anticancer therapy relies on reactive oxygen species generated by photosensitizing molecules after absorption of visible or near-infrared light. If the photosensitizing molecule is in close vicinity of the microorganism or the malignant cell, a photocytotoxic action is exerted. Therefore, the effectiveness of photosensitizing compounds strongly depends on their capability to target microbial or cancer-specific proteins. In this study, we report on the preparation and preliminary characterization of human recombinant myoglobin fused to the vasoactive intestinal peptide to target vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC) receptors. Fe-protoporphyrin IX was replaced by the photosensitizing compound Zn-protoporphyrin IX. Taking advantage of the fluorescence emission by Zn-protoporphyrin IX, we show that the construct can bind prostate cancer cells where the VPAC receptors are expressed.
Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
Authors: Yıldız Ismail 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys were investigated. Cobalt–magnesium (CM) alloys with 97% Co–3% Mg composition were borided at temperatures of 850–900°C and for 1.5–4.5 h with solid boriding. The properties of the resulting boride layers were measured and determined by microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), density, and surface roughness testers. XRD analysis results after boriding found CoB, Co2B, and Co phases. Depending on the boriding time and temperature, the thickness of the boride layer for the CM alloy varied from 51 to 138 µm. The boride layer had a hardness varying between 1,674 and 1,956 HV0.05 for the CM alloy, while the Vickers hardness value of untreated Cobalt was 52 HV0.05. The wear tests were carried out in a ball-disc arrangement under a dry friction condition at room temperature with an applied load of 10 N and with a sliding speed of 0.3 m/s at a sliding distance of 250 m. It was observed that the wear rate of borided and unborided CM alloy ranged from 25.89 × 10−5 to 94.95 × 10−5 mm3/N m. As a consequence of the findings, the author reported that boriding CM alloys in the given conditions can make a difference for different application areas.
The corrosion behavior of HVOF TiAlNb coating in molten Zn-0.2 wt.% Al
Authors: Zeng Hong Jie , Ma Li Yun , Wang Chuan Shen , Lin Jun Pin , Zhang Lai Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to understand the corrosion behavior of high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) TiAlNb coatings in molten Zn-0.2 wt.% Al, the different kinds of TiAlNb coating were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrate and the corrosion tests in molten zinc were carried out. The coating morphologies, phase composition, and characteristics of HVOF TiAlNb coatings at different stages of immersion time were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The results indicated that the HVOF sprayed TiAlNb intermetallic compound coatings have excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc. The corrosion type of the HVOF TiAlNb coatings in molten Zn-0.2 wt.% Al is pitting corrosion and crack corrosion. In the whole corrosion stage of molten Zn-0.2 wt.% Al, the corrosion time has no effect on the phase compositions of the HVOF TiAlNb coatings.
CMC hypersurfaces with bounded Morse index
Authors: Bourni Theodora , Sharp Ben , Tinaglia Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We provide qualitative bounds on the area and topology of separating constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces of bounded (Morse) index. We also develop a suitable bubble-compactness theory for embedded CMC hypersurfaces with bounded index and area inside closed Riemannian manifolds in low dimensions. In particular, we show that convergence always occurs with multiplicity one, which implies that the minimal blow-ups (bubbles) are all catenoids.
Cyclization of N-acetyl derivative: Novel synthesis – azoles and azines, antimicrobial activities, and computational studies
Authors: Hamed Eman O. , Assy Mohamed G. , Ouf Nabil H. , Elsayed Doaa A. , Abdellattif Magda H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
2-Pyridone is considered as one of the most famous efficient pharmaceutical compounds. Many approaches were discovered to synthesize 2-pyridone. In this present research, chloroacetylation of benzylamine at simple conditions, EtONa/EtCOONa produced N-benzyl-2-chloroacetamide 2. Compound 2 was allowed to react with different reagents. These reagents are acetylacetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and diethyl malonate, creating 2-pyridone derivatives with a good yield. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR). The synthesized compound was tested for its antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and the Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. In addition, the antifungal activities of the compounds were tested against two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus). Molecular docking studies were applied using the Autodock vina method. Theoretical methods prove all the experimental results by using molecular docking using Autodock vina and by ADEMT studies. The docking results represent that compound 20 had the best docking free energy, and it is the effective compound toward the selected bacterial and fungal proteins. ADME studies showed that the only compound 18 could cross the blood–brain barrier, and compound 15 was predicted to be soluble.
Effect of different dietary fats on inflammation and glucose intolerance in high fructose and high fat fed experimental animals
Authors: Smvk Prasad , Kommu Srinivasulu , Yadav Dinesh , Kondeti Suresh , Kalashikam Rajender Rao , Natarajan Saravanan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Diet is the major modifiable risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance and its progression into diabetes. In the present study the effect of various dietary fats on inflammatory homeostasis and glucose tolerance is investigated in high fat and high fructose fed mice model.

Methods
C57/BL6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a casein-based diet containing high fructose (45%) and high fat (24%) (clarified butter oil [CBO]; safflower oil [SFFO] and lard oil [LO]) for 120 days; oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), plasma lipid profile and plasma & adipose tissue cytokines levels were compared with the control diet (10% groundnut oil and 59.5% starch) fed animals.

Results
The total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in CBO and LO fed animals with glucose intolerance and increased body weights; liver and white adipose tissue weights were higher in CBO and LO fed animals respectively. CBO feeding increased the plasma (IFN-γ) and adipose tissue cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 & TNF-α). LO feeding increased plasma IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β and adipose tissue IL-6. SFFO feeding decreased body weight and tissue cytokines and increased plasma IFN-γ levels without causing impairment in the glucose tolerance.

Conclusions
Consumption of a high fructose and high fat diet which mimic the present-day dietary pattern resulted in altered inflammatory homeostasis and impairment in glucose tolerance in 24% CBO and LO fed animals. The deleterious effects of high fructose feeding were reversed in SFFO fed mice possibly due to the presence of oleic and linoleic acids.
The study of serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer in COVID-19: a retrospective study
Authors: Ahirwar Ashok Kumar , Takhelmayum Roshan , Sakarde Apurva , Rathod Bharatsing Deorao , Jha Puja Kumari , Kumawat Rajani , Gopal Niranjan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The cut off values for serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), ferritin, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and plasma D-dimer could be of profound help in detecting COVID-19 patients at risk of adverse outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the cut off values of the serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Four hundred RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID-19 were sub divided into two groups based on their outcome during hospitalisation. Group I consisted of survivors and Group II consisted of non-survivors. The survivors were further divided into three sub-groups: mild, moderate and severe based on the severity of infection. The laboratory data of serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer for all these patients was retrieved from the Medical Record Section of the Hospital.

Results
Mean serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer levels were significantly higher in non-survivors as compared to survivors of COVID-19. The levels of these biomarkers correlated with the severity of COVID-19 illness. ROC curve analysis revealed that plasma D-dimer is having a better predictive value as compared to other parameters in predicting mortality in COVID-19.

Conclusions
The serum hsCRP, ferritin, IL-6 and plasma D-dimer levels could be used in risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. The optimum cut off given by the current study could be considered in predicting adverse outcome in these patients. Amongst the many studied biomarkers, plasma D-dimer might be the best early biomarker to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients.
UnlockLearning – Investigating the Integration of Vocabulary Learning Tasks into the Smartphone Authentication Process
Authors: Schneegass Christina , Sigethy Sophia , Mitrevska Teodora , Eiband Malin , Buschek Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrequent repetition of vocabulary is essential for effective language learning. To increase exposure to learning content, this work explores the integration of vocabulary tasks into the smartphone authentication process. We present the design and initial user experience evaluation of twelve prototypes, which explored three learning tasks and four common authentication types. In a three-week within-subject field study, we compared the most promising concept as mobile language learning (MLL) applications to two baselines: We designed a novel (1)UnlockAppthat presents a vocabulary task with each authentication event, nudging users towards short frequent learning session. We compare it with a (2)NotificationAppthat displays vocabulary tasks in a push notification in the status bar, which is always visible but learning needs to be user-initiated, and a (3)StandardAppthat requires users to start in-app learning actively. Our study is the first to directly compare these embedding concepts for MLL, showing that integrating vocabulary learning into everyday smartphone interactions viaUnlockAppandNotificationAppincreases the number of answers. However, users show individual subjective preferences. Based on our results, we discuss the trade-off between higher content exposure and disturbance, and the related challenges and opportunities of embedding learning seamlessly into everyday mobile interactions.
Foreign Language Tandem Learning in Social VR
Authors: Ahlers Timo , Bumann Cassandra , Kölle Ralph , Lazović Milica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Hololingo! is a social virtual reality app for real-time immersive distance learning of German as a Foreign Language (GFL). The acquisition of discoursive oral language skills for applied authentic contexts is challenging for group-based classroom settings and is often outsourced to autonomous analogue tandem learning. We operationalise a Digital Game-Based Language Learning (DGBLL) approach for distance learning, which relieves tandems from overstraining autonomy and self-guidance. Hololingo! supports tandems in their learning activities by providing entertaining communicative, collaborative, and didactically designed team tasks. These are embedded in a narrative adventure, target linguistic phenomena, and support the holistic acquisition of oral discourse competencies and fluency. The combination of the tandem principle, immersive Social VR gamification, barrier-free access to a global pool of expert/native speakers, and a curricular connection through task selection facilitates language learning and provides transcultural contacts. App development follows a Design-Based-Research cycle of conception, implementation, and evaluation. The results of a qualitative discourse analysis of the learning interaction are discussed with regard to tandem role behaviour, the relation between task design and communication as well as affective and creative behaviour.
XR Art and Culture: Successful Collaborations in Interdisciplinary Development Processes
Authors: Stark Maja , Thielen Elisabeth , Holtmann Christoph , Selmanagić André , Droste Michael , Barsht Leonid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present different approaches for interdisciplinary collaborations between art and culture professionals resp. cultural institutions and the interdisciplinary XR experts of our research group. We discuss lessons learned and best practices devised from multiple years of experience in interdisciplinary collaborations. Different project settings need different solutions: With our contribution, we hope to show exemplary ways for successful interdisciplinary collaborations at the intersection of culture and computer science – and to show the potential of such projects for the development of new ways and tools of collaboration.
Immersive Inscribed Spaces – Bringing Virtuality to Written Artefacts for Humanities
Authors: Gabel Jenny , Berns Christof , Bosch Sebastian , Eickmeyer Jost , Harter-Uibopuu Kaja , Martin Nathalie , Osthof Ann Lauren , Steiger Johann Anselm , Steinicke Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Writing is an essential cultural technique, and the resulting artefacts are an important part of cultural heritage. The Cluster of Excellence ‘Understanding Written Artefacts’ is an interdisciplinary and cross-cultural long-term project dedicated to studying so-called ‘written artefacts (WA)’. Our work introduces immersive technologies such as virtual, augmented, and mixed reality to the research cluster for the first time.
In this paper, we outline the scope of our research project and present our current implementations of immersive applications based on two scenarios involving inscribed spaces. So far, immersive technologies have not been used in academia to create research focused applications for exploring, analysing, and understanding WA within their inscribed space, including providing access to appropriate spatial and temporal contexts. Thus, we collaborate closely with researchers from the humanities to create interactive and immersive applications for the novel field of WA research.
The results of our preliminary user study show high ratings in the sense of presence in the virtual environments and indicate that immersive spatial context could add new perspectives for understanding WA. We hope to provide valuable insights on the design of immersive applications to support future research in novel fields.
Wandel durch Austausch – Gespräch mit Bettina Wilhelm über den Sinologen Richard Wilhelm und das I Ging
Authors: Qi Jiafu , Wilhelm Bettina , Sun Lixin , Huang Yirong 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Sinologe und Theologe Richard Wilhelm leistete durch seine Übersetzungen klassischer chinesischer philosophischer Werke und durch seine bahnbrechende Erforschung der chinesischen Kultur einen großen Beitrag zur Überlieferung der klassischen chinesischen Philosophie im Westen ebenso wie zum Kulturaustausch zwischen China und Deutschland. In einem Dokumentarfilm unter der Regie seiner Enkelin Bettina Wilhelm führt sie einen Dialog mit ihrem Großvater, indem sie seine Spuren in China und Deutschland nachzeichnet. Ein Gespräch zwischen Bettina Wilhelm und Forschern, Lehrern und Schülern über diesen Film offenbart die tief reichende Bedeutung des Buches I Ging, nämlich „Wandlungen“, dessen Philosophie Richard Wilhelm in den Bann zog. Aufgeschlossenheit gegenüber Wandel (die Begegnung mit einer anderen Kultur bedeutet ebenfalls Wandel) wird als ein geeigneter Weg angesehen, um mit Veränderungen umzugehen und im Strom des Lebens mit zu schwimmen.
Improvement and metallurgy of current-related heating problem of circuit breakers made of AgSnO2 and AgCdO
Authors: Kalkanli Ahmet , Güven Şengül 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent developments in technology increase the application area of electronic systems used in cars and commercial vehicles day by day. Along with the increase in the features expected from the vehicles, the battery capacities required to meet the desired features also increase. Especially in commercial vehicles, high-capacity battery systems are used depending on the function of the vehicle. Circuit breaker systems providing high voltage and current are used to intervene in the event of a possible problem from the batteries. During the operation of the vehicle, heat is generated due to the high current passing through the circuit breakers. In this study, different materials and surface contact forms were examined to solve the heating problem of circuit breakers operating at high voltage and current values. AgSnO2 and AgCdO coating materials were used for surface coatings of rivets used in circuit breakers. Moreover, rivet groups with various surface contact geometries such as flat–flat and curved–flat were used for each material. After applying 24 V–250 A values to the different materials and rivets of different surface shape geometries, thermal and metallographic analyses were performed. The experimental study showed that the best thermal results under resistive load are formed by the curved–flat contact geometry of the AgSnO2 coating material.
Stability analysis of the Iraqi GNSS stations
Authors: Isawi Sattar , Schuh Harald , Männel Benjamin , Sakic Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Iraqi GNSS network was installed in 2005 with help from the USA and UK. The network consists of seven GNSS stations distributed across Iraq. The network GNSS data have been comprehensively analyzed in this study; this, in turn, allowed us to assess the impact of various geophysical phenomena (e. g., tectonic plate motion and Earthquakes) on its positional accuracy, stability, and validity over time. We processed daily GPS data, spanning over more than five years. The Earth Parameter and Orbit System software (EPOS.P8), developed by the German Geoscience Research Center (GFZ), was used for data processing by adopting the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) strategy. The stacked time series of stations coordinates was analyzed after estimating all modeled parameters of deterministic and stochastic parts using the least-squares technique. The study confirmed a slight impact of the recent M 7.3 Earthquake on the Iraqi GNSS stations and concluded that the stations are stable over the study period (2013 up to 2018) and that the GNSS stations represent the movement of the Arabian plate.
Imaging of mass distributions from partial domain measurement
Authors: Hrizi Mourad , Novotny Antonio Andre , Hassine Maatoug 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with an inverse source problem governed by the Poisson equation. The aim is to reconstruct multiple anomalies from internal observation data within an arbitrary sub-region. The considered model problem is motivated by various applications such as the identification of geological anomalies underneath the Earth’s surface. To overcome the ill-posedness, the inverse problem is formulated as a self-regularized topology optimization one. Aleast-squarefunctional measuring the misfit between the observed quantities and the values provided by the model problem is introduced. The misfit function involves a regularization term penalizing the relative perimeter of the unknown domain. Finally, it is minimized with respect to a finite number of circular-shaped anomalies. The existence and stability of the solution to the inverse problem are demonstrated. The reconstruction process is based on the topological derivative method. The variation of the shape functional with respect to a small geometric perturbation is studied, and the leading terms of a second-order topological asymptotic expansion are derived. A non-iterative reconstruction algorithm is developed via the minimization of the obtained asymptotic formula with respect to the location and size parameters of the unknown set of anomalies. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach are justified by some numerical experiments.