bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype-environment Interactions Involving British and Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry Cultivars
Authors: Dale Adam , Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth and fruiting of 8 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars, 4 of Pacific Northwest origin and 4 of British origin, were studied over a 4-year period at 2 sites, Abbotsford, British Columbia, and Invergowrie, Scotland. The sites are in the world’s 2 main production regions for the crop, and the cultivars include those important in the respective regions. The cultivars in the same origin group generally outyielded those of the other group at their place of origin. The cultivars yielding well at Invergowrie were those that had thick canes and produced fruit with high drupelet set. Those that yielded well at Abbotsford produced, in comparison, more fruiting laterals per cane. These characteristics would be useful in selecting for high yield in seedling populations grown at the respective sites.
Ascorbic Acid, Riboflavin, and Thiamin Content of Strawberries during Postharvest Handling
Authors: Hudson D. E. , Mazur M. M. , Lachance P. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
California and Florida strawberries from wholesale and retail stores in the greater New York area were analyzed for ascorbic acid (AA), riboflavin, and thiamin upon arrival. Retail samples also were analyzed after 3 days of simulated consumer storage at 5.5° and 90% RH. Locally-grown New Jersey strawberries were analyzed the day of harvest and after 4 and 7 days of storage at 5.5°C and 90% RH. Levels of A A in California and Florida berries were, on average, 8 mg/100 g fresh weight lower in wholesale than in retail samples. The average AA content of New Jersey berries was 31 mg/100 g fresh weight less than combined values of berries from California and Florida. Riboflavin levels in all samples were about 80% less than reported in standard nutrient tables. Thiamin was higher than reported in standard tables.
Yield Component Analysis of ‘Benton’ and OR-US 4356 Strawberries
Authors: Olsen Jeffery L. , Martin Lloyd W. , Breen Patrick J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the 1st (1981) and 2nd (1982) fruiting years, ‘Benton’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) formed 25% to 30% more crowns/plant than the advanced breeding selection OR-US 4356. ‘Benton’ had fewer trusses/crown than OR-US 4356 in 1981 (0.93 vs. 1.47) but both had 1.5 in 1982. OR-US 4356 had about 60% more fruit/truss in each season; however, ‘Benton’ had 75% greater mean berry weight than OR-US 4356, so that the 2 genotypes produced essentially the same yields/plant in each season, averaging 0.82 kg (1981) and 0.94 kg (1982). The genotypes did not differ in the total number of achenes/berry. Both showed a linear increase in berry weight with achenes/berry; yet OR-US 4356 had significantly lower berry weight than ‘Benton’ at equivalent achenes/berry. Increased berry expansion in ‘Benton’ was reflected by a reduction in number of achenes/cm2 of berry surface. The values, averaged over both seasons, were 10.6 (‘Benton’) and 14.0 (OR-US 4356). OR-US 4356 failed to produce higher yields than ‘Benton’ because of limitation in fruit expansion.
Rapid Propagation and Establishment of Florists' Hydrangea
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. , Weiler Thomas C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several lines of copy were omitted in the paper, “Rapid Propagation and Establishment of Florists' Hydrangea”, by Douglas A. Bailey and Thomas C. Weiler, in the Dec. 1984 issue of HortScience 20(6):850–852.
Influence of Storage Conditions and Duration on Weight Loss in Storage, Field Survival, and Root Yield of Sweet Potato Transplants
Authors: Hall Melvin R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Georgia Red’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plants were stored for 1, 2, and 3 weeks at 5°, 16°, and 27°C temperatures with and without bagging in perforated polyethylene. Storage conditions affected weight loss during all storage periods, but there was little difference in survival of transplants or root yield from plants stored for 1 week compared with nonstored plants. Storage at 5° for longer than 1 week was unsatisfactory because of rapid decline in field survival and root yield. Storage at 16° was superior to storage at 27°, and at 27° bagged plants were superior to bare root plants for enhancing survival and yield when plants were stored for more than one week before transplanting.
Rate of Natural Outcrossing in Monoecious Cucumbers
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Jenkins Samuel F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rate of natural outcrossing in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was measured at 3 locations in North Carolina, using the dominant allele for scab resistance as the marker gene. Outcrossing was measured within and between 1.5 m plots in isolation blocks. Between-row outcrossing averaged 36% over the 3 locations, and within-row outcrossing averaged 17%. Self-pollination accounted for 47% of the pollinations. Results suggest that populations should be intercrossed either as single plants, or in family rows treated with growth regulators to control pollen flow and prevent sib- and self-pollination.
Inservice Education Needs of Extension Professionals in Home Horticulture
Authors: Williams Barbara J. , Utzinger James D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three hundred and one Extension professionals (88.3% response), working in home horticulture educational programs in the United States in 1984, indicated their greatest areas of inservice education needs in program delivery are: 1) increasing expertise in the various subject matter areas, 2) developing skills in plant disorder diagnosis, 3) managing information files for rapid retrieval and dissemination, and 4) developing and implementing innovative programs. Subject matter areas where respondents have the greatest training need are: 1) pest identification and control, 2) diagnosis of plant disorders, 3) weed identification, 4) home fruit production, 5) information on recommended cultivars, and 6) ornamental plant identification. Home vegetable gardening ranked 1st in respondent perception of importance and perception of proficiency needed for job performance.
Reducing Susceptibility of Grapefruit to Chilling Injury during Cold Treatment
Authors: Chalutz E. , Waks J. , Schiffmann-Nadel Mina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the expected ban on ethylene dibromide fumigation, cold exposure remains the only quarantine treatment for citrus fruit against the Mediterranean fruit fly. Following a cold treatment, ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) developed chilling injury (Cl), mostly in the form of slight peel pitting on 3% to 10% of the fruit depending on the season and on other factors. There was no difference in the incidence of Cl between fruit treated at 0°C for 10 days or at 2.2° for 16 days as regulations require. The cold treatment also enhanced decay development during long-term storage of the fruit at 11°. Mold rots developed on Cl peel pitting, and their incidence increased from 1.7% to 3.5% during a storage period of 12 weeks. The presence of the fungicide Thiabendazole (TBZ) in the wax coating of the fruit reduced the incidence of Cl by more than 50%. Delayed cooling, i.e., keeping the freshly harvested packed fruit for 6 days at 17°C prior to initiation of cold treatment, reduced the incidence of Cl by the same extent. By combining a TBZ treatment with delayed cooling, the susceptibility of grapefruit to Cl can be reduced, and cold treatment can be practiced with a low risk of Cl and subsequent decay development.
Trunk Injection of Iron Compounds as a Treatment for Overcoming Iron Chlorosis in Apple Trees
Authors: Barney Danny L. , Walser Ronald H. , Davis Tim D. , Williams C. Frank 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Severely chlorotic ‘Red Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees growing on a calcareous soil were treated for iron (Fe) chlorosis with pressure injections of 1.0% (w:w) solutions of ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate, or Fe-Sequestrene-330 (Fe-330). Injections were made in September of 1981 and in April, June, and July of 1983. All treatments increased chlorophyll concentrations compared to controls, and treatments made in September of 1981 and in April and June of 1983 increased shoot growth during the 1983 growing season compared to controls. Although the treatments did result in a temporary increase in foliar Fe content, there was not a strong correlation between foliar Fe and chlorophyll concentration. Ferrous sulfate and Fe-330 were more effective than ferric citrate in alleviating chlorosis. Injections made in April and June of 1983 greatly increased bloom in May of 1984, compared to trees injected in July of 1983 and the untreated controls. Hence, injections should be made early in the season (before July) in order to promote bloom the following growing season.
Activated Charcoal Root Dips Enhance Herbicide Selectivity in Strawberries
Authors: Poling E. B. , Monaco T. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field studies were conducted at 2 sites to evaluate preplant activated charcoal root dips in reducing herbicide injury to newly planted strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), In 1981, growth of charcoal treated ‘Prelude’, following application of 0.28 kg/ha terbacil (on 0.5% organic matter, Orangeburg loamy sand), was equal to control plants. Charcoal root dips did not prevent injury from 0.56 and 1.11 kg/ha of terbacil on this soil. In 1982, on Orangeburg loamy sand (0.3% organic matter), injury to ‘Apollo’ by diphenamid (4.5 kg/ha) or napropamide (4.5 kg/ha) applications immediately after planting was reduced by charcoal treatment. On the same soil, alachlor (3.4 kg/ha) or metolachlor (2.2 kg/ha) caused equal amounts of injury with or without charcoal root dips. Some crop protection from terbacil at 0.28 kg/ha was achieved with charcoal; however, none was observed with the 0.42 kg/ha rate.
Heavy Soil and Bud Union Crease with Some Grapefruit Clones Limit Use of Swingle Citrumelo Rootstock
Authors: Rouse R. E. , Wutscher H. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ten-year tests in 8 locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley showed that grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees on Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstock grew very poorly on heavy clay soil; trees on sour orange (C. aurantium L.) were much less affected. Trees propagated from a single mother tree of an old-line red grapefruit selection on Swingle citrumelo were stunted and had severe bud union crease, whereas trees propagated from a nucellar California Experiment Station (CES) #3 ‘Redblush’ source were large and productive. Old-clone trees on sour orange also were smaller than CES #3 ‘Redblush’ trees, but showed no bud union crease.
Embryo Growth and Germination of American Ginseng Seed in Response to Stratification Temperatures
Authors: Stoltz Leonard P. , Snyder John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Embryos of American ginseng (Panax quinquifolius L.) seeds stratified 570 days at 0° or 5°C did not increase in size, whereas embryos of seeds stratified 570 days at 20° grew to a length of 2.5 mm. Embryos of seeds stratified at 5° for 120 days, treated with 1000 ppm gibberellic acid (GA), then transferred to 20° grew to the same length as those held at a constant 20°. None of the GA treated seeds germinated. However, seeds stratified outdoors and those provided 5° for 120 days, 20° for 300 days, and then held at 5°C germinated after 540 days. The embryos of these latter treatments had similar growth patterns. Growth of the cotyledons paralleled the growth of the entire embryo. Cool-warm-cool stratification patterns are necessary for efficacious germination of American ginseng seeds.
Effect of Supplementary Lighting and Soil Warming on Flowering of Three Gerbera Cultivars
Authors: Lin W. C. , French C. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cut flower Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) plants were grown in pots or ground benches under various photoperiods, levels of irradiance, and soil temperatures. Photoperiodic flowering response varied with the 3 cultivars; ‘Appelbloesem’ was not sensitive to photoperiod; ‘Oranje Nasau’ and ‘Fabiola’ were promoted by short day (SD). In pot-grown Gerbera, SD increased the number of flowers (inflorescences) per plant of ‘Oranje Nassau’ and ‘Fabiola’ in the summer-fall and fall-winter. Supplementary lighting with high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps increased the fall-winter production of all 3 cultivars. Plants grown under 16 hr photoperiod by extending natural day length with incandescent light (INC) produced the least flowers per plant in both summer-fall and fall-winter. In bench-grown Gerbera, supplementary HPS increased the number of flowers during the fall-winter as compared to natural daylight (ND). Soil warming from 16°−20° to 23°C had no effect on productivity, but increased the peduncle length.
Effects of Foliar-applied Benzylaminopurine on Fascicular Bud Development in Mugo Pine
Authors: Stiff Carol M. , Boe Arthur A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fascicular bud development in mugo pine (Pinus mugo var. mughus Zeneri) was induced by foliar-applications of BAP. Maximum numbers of fascicular buds developed when BAP was applied at concentrations of either 225 or 450 mg/liter, 6 times (at 5-day intervals) for 30 days. Following a cold-treatment, plants treated with these concentrations of BAP exhibited a dense, bushy form due to the outgrowth of the developed fascicular buds. chemical name used: benzylaminopurine (BAP).
Volcanic Black Cinder as a Medium for Growing Anthuriums
Authors: Higaki Tadashi , Imamura Joanne S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Irrigated and nonirrigated plants of Anthurium andraeanum André ‘Ozaki Red’, grown in either 20 cm, 60 cm high black cinder beds or 20 cm sugarcane bagasse beds and fertilized with 800, 1600, or 3200 kg/ha/year slow release 14N-6.1P-11.6K fertilizer, were evaluated for flower production, flower size, and flower stem length. Anthurium yield, flower size, and flower stem length obtained in irrigated cinder beds were similar to values obtained with irrigated and nonirrigated bagasse beds at the 2 highest fertilizer rates.
Bacterial Brown Spot of ‘Honey Dew’ Melons
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Wells J. M. , Cappellini R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A newly described bacterial disease of ‘Honey Dew’ melons is caused by a strain of Erwinia herbicola. The disease first was found on ‘Honey Dew’ melons imported from Ecuador, and subsequently on melons from Guatemala, Venezuela, and California. The disease produces firm, tan to brown, slowly developing lesions that principally affect the rind tissue. The bacterium isolated from a California ‘Honey Dew’ melon was much more virulent and potentially more damaging than isolates from the other sources. We propose bacterial brown spot as the name of the disease.
‘Morden Amorette’ and ‘Morden Cardinette’ Roses
Authors: Marshall H. H. , Collicutt L. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many rose breeders have sought the often elusive combination of plant quality and hardiness, but have had to compromise by accepting undesirable plant quality such as single flowers or large plant size to obtain hardy cultivars. The breeding program at the Morden Research Station was designed to develop hardy, attractive roses for the Canadian prairie conditions. Plants of hybrid tea and floribunda roses were used as sources of desirable foliage and flower traits. The main source of hardiness was a native prairie rose, Rosa arkansana Porter. Cultivars developed from this program are known collectively as the Parkland Rose Series (1). In the past, seedlings in the breeding program were generally large bushes, 1.5-2.0 m in height; however, in 1971 a few smaller plants 40–50 cm high were observed. ‘Morden Amorette’ and ‘Morden Cardinette’ roses were selected from this latter group and introduced by the Morden Research Station in 1977 and 1980, respectively.
‘Mars’ Seedless Grape
Authors: Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A grape breeding program was begun in 1964 by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station with the primary objective of developing high quality table grapes adapted to the soils and climate of the Ozarks region. Two cultivars previously have been released from this program: ‘Venus’ in 1977, a blue seedless grape (2); and ‘Reliance’ in 1982, a red seedless (1). These cultivars show promise of being the foundation of a commercial table grape industry in the region. ‘Mars’, a blue seedless table grape with high levels of disease resistance, is being released to fulfill the needs for home garden and limited commercial use.
Publish or Perish
Authors: Janick Jack 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The adage “publish or perish” is food for thought for academics, although many nontenured faculty have been left with a bitter aftertaste. A less pithy but more gently stated message is that academics are held accountable for the support and status they are given by society for scholarly effort. The product that we are privileged to produce is information. In our case, we deal in the creation, discovery, verification, and distribution of information applicable to horticulture and, thus, information for the benefit of humankind. Failure to communicate our results will lead to our professional demise and the demise of our profession.
TA New Approach: “Peer”-reviewed Slide-script Series
Authors: Gouin Francis R. , Memmler Eugene 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Compiling and distributing slide-script series has been an ASHS volunteer program since 1972. In Feb. 1983, the ASHS Executive Committee suggested that a “peer review” policy be implemented to add credibility and to improve the quality of slidescript series.
Influence of Soil Cooling and High Intensity Lighting on the Growth and Flowering of Alstroemeria ‘Regina’
Authors: Lin W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alstroemeria ‘Regina’ plants were grown for 2 years in soil benches in a greenhouse. Soil cooling to less than 14°C overcame the typical nonflowering of ‘Regina’ plants during the November-May period. High intensity supplementary lighting with high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps had little effect on or reduced the numbers of flowering shoots produced in noncooled benches. HPS lighting combined with soil cooling increased the number of flowering shoots, the shoot length and the total number of flower buds per shoot, and decreased the absorted flower buds per shoot. The commercial implication of this interaction between soil temperature and supplementary lighting is discussed.
Effect of Benzyladenine on the Promotion of Bud Development and Branching of Picea pungens
Authors: Mulgrew Susan M. , Williams David J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Picea pungens Englm. trees were treated with a single foliar spray of solutions containing 0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mM BA at 4 different times as follows during the growing season: 1) dormant trees, 2) at bud break, 3) during stem elongation, 4) summer hardwood, and 5) summer hardwood combined with a pruning. Treatments of 1000 mM at the time of bud break and to pruned summer hardwood trees resulted in an increase in bud number but not a corresponding increase in branch number the following year.
Induced Fruit Abscission of Tropical Ornamental Trees with Ethephon and Chlorflurenol
Authors: Stevens Gordon A. , Criley Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit bearing branches of 7 ornamental trees were sprayed with ethephon, or ethephon and chlorflurenol. Five species of ornamental figs (Ficus lyrata Warb., F. retusa L., F. palauanense Merrill, F. macrophylla Desf., and F. benjamina var. comosa Kurz.), and Samanea saman Jacq. responded significantly to the chemicals. The materials did not induce abscission of fruits of Cassia fistula L. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); 2-chloro-9-hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carbox-ylic acid (chlorflurecol = chlorflurenol).
Collection and Characterization of Phloem Exudate from Strawberry Pedicels
Authors: Forney Charles F. , Breen Patrick J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. ‘Brighton’) were removed, and pedicels attached to plants were placed in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) to collect phloem sap. The rate of sugar exudation increased with the size of the fruit, but was lower than the rate of dry matter accumulation of the fruit at the time of its removal. When plants were fed 14CO2, radioactivity appeared in the phloem sap after 3 hr, and the rate of exudation of labeled assimilate was maintained at a fairly constant rate for 6 hr. About 92% of the radioactivity in the exudate was in the sucrose fraction, with the remaining in glucose (2%), fructose (1%), and acidic and basic fractions (4%). The results indicate that sucrose is the major assimilate translocated to the fruit.
Foliar Applications of K2SO4, KNO3, Urea, and NH4NO3 on Pecan Seedlings
Authors: Diver Stephen G. , Smith Michael W. , McNew Ronald W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse experiments using seedling pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wan-genh.) C. Koch] compared rates and repeated applications of K2SO4, K2SO4 vs. KNO3, and Ν adjuvants in combination with K2SO4 or KNO3. Leaf and stem Κ concentrations increased linearly with rates to 87.1 g/liter K2SO4 applied 5 times at 14-day intervals. Phytotoxicity was negligible to 10.9 g/liter K2SO4. Plants receiving individual applications of KNO3 or K2SO4 at 9.8 g K/liter 2 times at 14-day intervals had 92% and 53% more Κ than the control, respectively. KNO3 at 25.3 g/liter or K2SO4 at 21.8 g/liter, in combinations with urea and/or NH4NO3 at 6.25, 12.50, and 25.00 g/liter, increased leaf Κ concentration significantly and the increase was consistently greater using KNO3 than K2SO4. Both urea and NH4NO3 applied with either KNO3 or K2SO4 increased leaf Κ concentrations. Negligible phytotoxicity occurred when urea or NH4NO3 was applied at 6.25 g/liter with K2SO4 or KNO3.
Cages for Protection of Tree Fruit Hybridizations
Authors: Werner Dennis J. , Cain David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit trees usually are hybridized outdoors due to the difficulty and expense of maintaining trees in greenhouses. Hybridizations often are lost due to freeze injury of fruit after pollination. The use of protective cages or screen houses to protect hybridizations from freeze injury has been advocated and utilized by some tree fruit breeders (2), but many of the proposed structures are cumbersome and difficult to construct. This report describes the design and performance of cages which can be built for about $25.00 per tree and can be constructed in about 45 min.
Pesticide Phytotoxicity as Influenced by Growth Regulators and an Antitranspirant
Authors: McConnell D. B. , Short D. E. , Johnson C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five plant species [burford holly (Ilex cornuta Lindl. and paxt. ‘Burfordii’) golden-rain tree [Koelreuteria elegans (Seem. A.C. Sm.], ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.), hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), and podocarpus (Podocarpus macrophyllus Thunb.)] were arranged in a 5 × 5 × 5 factorial experiment and sprayed with 4 pesticides (dimethoate, dicofol, malathion, oxydemeton methyl) and water alone, as well as 4 chemicals [ancymidol, ethephon, gibberellic acid (GA3)] and water alone. Growth regulators increased pesticide phytotoxicity ratings, whereas the antitranspirant had no effect on phytotoxicity ratings.