bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit and explicit populist and anti-immigrant attitudes and their explanatory power for populist radical-right party support
Authors: Maier Michaela , Welzenbach-Vogel Ines C. , Christner Clara , Tillman Erik R. , Zinkernagel Axel , Schmitt Manfred 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the assumption that disclosing explicit populist radical-right (PRR) attitudes and voting intentions for PRR parties may be inhibited by a social desirability bias, this paper aims at developing a measure for implicit populist attitudes (IAT) and at assessing its explanatory power for the prediction of PRR party support. Using data from a German online survey (N = 898), the populism-IAT is tested against corresponding direct measures of populist attitudes and anti-immigrant attitudes to predict voting propensity for the German PRR party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). Results reveal that social desirability concerns indeed restrict the likelihood of reporting a high propensity of PRR vote; however, direct measures turn out as best predictors for self-reported voting intentions. Inconsistencies between implicit and explicit attitudes may indicate sensitivity to social (un-)desirability perceptions, when attitudes are displayed on the implicit but not on the explicit level. We find such incongruencies for 9% of our respondents regarding populist attitudes, and for 21% regarding anti-immigrant attitudes, indicating that the latter are considered even more undesirable. In light of our findings, we discuss the potential explanatory power of implicit attitudes for less deliberate forms of political behavior and the assumption of populist and anti-immigrant attitudes still being regarded as socially undesirable in Germany.
Australian chemistry and drug discovery towards the development of antimalarials
Authors: Sleebs Brad E. 
Published: September 2022

Malaria, a disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, accounts for more than 450 000 deaths annually. The devastating impact of this disease is compounded by the emergence or risk of widespread resistance to current antimalarial drugs, underscoring the need to develop new therapies. Australian scientists are at the forefront of fundamental, clinical and surveillance research, and have made significant contributions to advancing the field of malaria research. A significant component of this research has been directed toward the development of new antimalarial therapies. This perspective summarises the recent endeavours by Australian researchers in chemistry and drug discovery sciences in the identification and development of new antimalarial therapies in the global challenge to treat and eliminate malaria.
T-RAX: Transversely Resonant Axion eXperiment
Authors: Lee Chang , Reimann Olaf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose to use an elongated rectangular waveguide near its cutoff frequency for axionic dark matter searches. The detector's large surface area allows for significant signal power, while its narrow transverse dimension and tapered-waveguide coupling suppress parasitic modes. The proposed system can fit inside a solenoid magnet and is sensitive to the QCD-axion in the axion mass 40–400μeV. We describe the theoretical principles of the new design, present simulation results, and discuss the implementation.
Photovoltaic implant simulator reveals resolution limits in subretinal prosthesis
Authors: Chen Zhijie Charles , Wang Bing-Yi , Kochnev Goldstein Anna , Butt Emma , Mathieson Keith , Palanker Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. PRIMA, the photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis, restores central vision in patients blinded by atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with a resolution closely matching the 100 µm pixel size of the implant. Improvement in resolution requires smaller pixels, but the resultant electric field may not provide sufficient stimulation strength in the inner nuclear layer (INL) or may lead to excessive crosstalk between neighboring electrodes, resulting in low contrast stimulation patterns. We study the approaches to electric field shaping in the retina for prosthetic vision with higher resolution and improved contrast. Approach. We present a new computational framework, Retinal Prosthesis Simulator (RPSim), that efficiently computes the electric field in the retina generated by a photovoltaic implant with thousands of electrodes. Leveraging the PRIMA clinical results as a benchmark, we use RPSim to predict the stimulus strength and contrast of the electric field in the retina with various pixel designs and stimulation patterns. Main results. We demonstrate that by utilizing monopolar pixels as both anodes and cathodes to suppress crosstalk, most patients may achieve resolution no worse than 48 µm. Closer proximity between the electrodes and the INL, achieved with pillar electrodes, enhances the stimulus strength and contrast and may enable 24 µm resolution with 20 µm pixels, at least in some patients. Significance. A resolution of 24 µm on the retina corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/100, which is over 4 times higher than the current best prosthetic acuity of 20/438, promising a significant improvement of central vision for many AMD patients.
How much aboveground net primary production can be used for human activities in the alpine grasslands in the Three Rivers Source Region (TRSR), China?
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Genxu , Lin Shan , Yang Yan , Zhang Tongzuo , Yu Hui , Lu Yaqiong , Liu Bintao , Sun Juying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sustainable management of grasslands has always been an urgent issue for policy-makers. The three rivers source region (TRSR) contains widely distributed natural grasslands and is sensitive to climate warming. To enable the sustainable development of the human-nature system in the TRSR, we propose a novel indicator based on the allocation of aboveground net primary production (ANPP). The indicator we proposed is the ANPP that can be used for human activities (UANPP). In the study, we simulated the spatial and temporal patterns of the UANPP in the alpine grasslands in the TRSR during 1979–2016 and explored the main driving factors of the UANPP. The results revealed that (a) the annual total UANPP in the TRSR was 13.22 TgC, approximately accounting for 47% of total ANPP. (b) The areas with negative UANPP values accounted for 16% of the entire TRSR, and they were primarily located within the Nature Reserve of the Yangtze and Yellow river source regions, while three-quarters of the area exhibited improvement trends. (c) The regional mean UANPP significantly increased during 1979–2016, at a rate of 0.28 gC m−2 yr−1 (p < 0.01). In the entire TRSR, 87% of the area exhibited increasing trends. (d) The UANPP in most areas of the TRSR was strongly correlated with precipitation, and the effect of human activities on the UANNP increased slightly during the 38 year study period. The UANPP represents the upper limit of human use of nature. These findings provide a reference for policy-makers to make decisions toward human-nature system sustainability while meeting human needs for grassland resources. ANPP allocation between nature and human system is a potentially important tool from the standpoint of sustainable development.
Challenges and opportunities concerning numerical solutions for population balances: a critical review
Authors: Singh Mehakpreet , Ranade Vivek , Shardt Orest , Matsoukas Themis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Population balance models are tools for the study of dispersed systems, such as granular materials, polymers, colloids and aerosols. They are applied with increasing frequency across a wide range of disciplines, including chemical engineering, aerosol physics, astrophysics, polymer science, pharmaceutical sciences, and mathematical biology. Population balance models are used to track particle properties and their changes due to aggregation, fragmentation, nucleation and growth, processes that directly affect the distribution of particle sizes. The population balance equation is an integro-partial differential equation whose domain is the line of positive real numbers. This poses challenges for the stability and accuracy of the numerical methods used to solve for size distribution function and in response to these challenges several different methodologies have been developed in the literature. This review provides a critical presentation of the state of the art in numerical approaches for solving these complex models with emphasis in the algorithmic details that distinguish each methodology. The review covers finite volume methods, Monte Carlo method and sectional methods; the method of moments, another important numerical methodology, is not covered in this review.
Decomposing all multipartite non-signalling channels via quasiprobabilistic mixtures of local channels in generalised probabilistic theories
Authors: Cavalcanti Paulo J , Selby John H , Sikora Jamie , Sainz Ana Belén 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-signalling quantum channels—relevant in, e.g., the study of Bell and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen scenarios—may be decomposed as an affine combinations of local operations in bipartite scenarios. Moreover, when these channels correspond to stochastic maps between classical variables, such a decomposition is possible even in multipartite scenarios. These two results have proven useful when studying the properties of these channels, such as their communication and information processing power, and even when defining measures of the non-classicality of physical phenomena (such as Bell non-classicality and steering). In this paper we show that such useful quasi-stochastic characterizations of channels may be unified and applied to the broader class of multipartite non-signalling channels. Moreover, we show that this holds for non-signalling channels in quantum theory, as well as in a larger family of generalised probabilistic theories. More precisely, we prove that channels are non-signalling if and only if they can be decomposed as an affine combinations of corresponding local operations, provided that the underlying physical theory is locally tomographic—a property that quantum theory satisfies. Our results then can be viewed as a generalisation of references (Phys. Rev. Lett.
111 170403) and (2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 022318) to the multipartite scenario for arbitrary tomographically local generalised probabilistic theories (including quantum theory). Our proof technique leverages Hardy’s duotensor formalism, highlighting its utility in this line of research.
Non-local effects on travelling waves arising in a moving-boundary reaction–diffusion model
Authors: Fadai Nabil T , Billingham John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We examine travelling wave solutions of the partial differential equation u

t
= u

xx
+ u(1 − u∗ϕ) on a moving domain x ⩽ L(t), where u∗ϕ is the spatial convolution of the population density with a kernel ϕ(y). We provide asymptotic approximations of the resulting travelling waves in various asymptotic limits of the wavespeed, the non-local interaction strength, and the moving boundary condition. Crucially, we find that when the moving boundary has a weak interactive strength with the population density flux, there can be two different travelling wave solutions that move at the same wavespeed.
Volatile composition of the morning breath
Authors: Roslund Kajsa , Lehto Markku , Pussinen Pirkko , Metsälä Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have measured the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the morning breath of 30 healthy individuals before and after tooth brushing. The concentrations of VOCs in the breath samples were measured with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and further identification was performed with a combination of solid phase microextraction and offline gas chromatography–MS. We hypothesize that compounds, whose concentrations significantly decreased in the breath after tooth brushing are largely of microbial origin. In this study, we found 35 such VOCs. Out of these, 33 have been previously connected to different oral niches, such as salivary and subgingival bacteria. We also compared the concentrations of the 35 VOCs found in increased amounts in the morning breath to their respective odor thresholds to evaluate their ability to cause odor. Compounds that could contribute to the breath odor include many volatile sulfur compounds, such as methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and 2-methyl-1-propanethiol, but also other VOCs, such as acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, acetaldehyde, octanal, phenol, indole, ammonia, isoprene, and methyl methacrylate.
Rosa chinensisCultivars Affect Fitness-Related Characteristics and Digestive Physiology of the Western Flower Thrips,Frankliniella occidentalisPergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Qi Guiling , Gu Zhaoyang , Shen Jinwu , Wang Chun , Zeng Li , Reitz Stuart R , Cao Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHost plant species will influence the population and physiological performance of insects. Frankliniella occidentalis is a well-known invasive pest commonly found on flowering plants. Herein, the population development of F. occidentalis was investigated on the flowers of different Rosa chinensis cultivars (Ruby, Love, Parade, Pink Peace, and Mohana), and the digestive enzyme activities in thrips were measured after feeding on these flowers. The developmental times of F. occidentalis from egg to adult were 10.07, 10.37, 11.64, 10.66, and 10.90 d on Ruby, Love, Parade, Pink Peace, and Mohana, respectively. Significant differences in fecundity were also observed, with the greatest fecundity levels of F. occidentalis on Ruby (82.96) and the lowest on Mohana (63.40). F. occidentalis showed the greatest R0 on Ruby (43.57), followed by Love (36.46), Parade (33.00), Pink Peace (27.97), and Mohana (23.21). The rm showed a similar trend, with values of 0.156, 0.145, 0.141, 0.134, and 0.130, respectively. There were significant differences in digestive enzyme activities in F. occidentalis on different flowers, and different digestive enzymes showed different performance among these plants. The highest amylase and lipase activities in F. occidentalis were on Ruby, on which F. occidentalis had the fastest development rate and the highest R0, whereas the highest trypsin activity was on Pink Peace. All three digestive enzymes in thrips showed the lowest activities on Mohana. The varied population development of F. occidentalis associated with R. chinensis cultivars may be related to their digestive enzyme performance, which plays important roles in nutrient metabolism and insect growth.
Gestational Age, Socioeconomic Context and Infection-Related Hospital Admissions of Infants Born With Gestational Age Less Than 33 Weeks
Authors: Berland M , Boucekine M , Fayol L , Tardieu S , Nauleau S , Garcia P , Boubred F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using data from a regional medical follow-up network database of preterm infants born with gestational age (GA) &lt;33 weeks, we found that low GA and deprived socioeconomic neighborhoods increased incidence of infection-related hospitalization during the first year of life. Respiratory tract infections rates were higher in extremely preterm infants.
Elevated Kynurenine Levels in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Apaydın Hakan , Koca Bicer Cemile , Feyza Yurt Emine , Abdulkadir Serdar Muhittin , Dogan İsmail , Erten Sukran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the plasma levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).MethodsThe study included 34 pSS patients and 42 healthy individuals, and serum Trp and kynurenine (Kyn) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Trp degradation was predicted using the ratio of Kyn and Trp concentrations (Kyn/Trp).ResultsIn our study, the mean serum Trp concentration was found to be considerably lower in the pSS group than in the control group (P = .001). The levels of Kyn (P = .019) and the Kyn/Trp ratio (P &lt; .001) were significantly higher in the pSS group than in the control group. The Kyn/Trp ratio was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (r = −0.369, P = .032).ConclusionWe found that Kyn pathway metabolism was altered in patients with pSS. This suggests that Trp metabolism may be closely linked to the disease pathogenesis of pSS.
Time, Sustainability, and Public Policy
Authors: Straßheim Holger 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sustainability is a matter of time. While this observation has become a topos in discussions on sustainability, its analytical implications and political consequences are rarely reflected. This article explores the relationship between time and sustainability by asking how time and temporality both challenge and shape sustainability in public policy. A three-dimensional view of sustainability is developed, based on the idea of temporal modalities, stylized configurations of how we make sense of time. Temporal horizons, temporal schemes, process-time, and temporal concepts are interwoven in social action and communication. In practices of policymaking in time, by time, and of time, these elements are combined, become institutionalized, and are reinterpreted and transformed. The very definition of sustainability and its political and normative aspirations is shaped by the ways these temporal modalities relate to each other in policy practices. Depending on governing modes and modalities of time, sustainability is experienced and imagined in very different ways.
Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’ Infection in Prunus persica
Authors: Wright Alice A. , Molnar Cody , Shires Madalyn K. , Bishop Garrett , Harper Scott J. 
Published: September 2022

‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’ is the causative agent of X-disease on peach ( Prunus persica) trees. Infected trees exhibit premature yellowing, leaf necrosis causing a shot-hole appearance, limb dieback, and eventual death. How pathogen infection leads to these symptoms is unknown. This study undertook a modern characterization of the disease by assessing the physiological and transcriptomic consequences of phytoplasma infection. Phytoplasma titer was high in the symptomatic tissues and undetected or low in asymptomatic tissues. Symptomatic leaves had a significant decrease in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Transcriptomic analysis showed alterations in genes related to phytohormone synthesis and signaling, circadian rhythms, lignification, and sugar synthesis and transport. Several transcripts that might be related to symptom development were identified. Collectively, these data give a much clearer picture of symptom development in ‘ Ca. P. pruni’-infected P. persica and provide several avenues for further research in determining how ‘ Ca. P. pruni’ interacts with its host to elicit the observed symptoms. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Maternal Intensive Care Unit Admission as an Indicator of Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity: A Population-based Study
Authors: Godeberge C. , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Seco A. , Rossignol M. , Chantry A. , Bonnet M. 
Published: September 2022

(Anesth Analg. 2022;134:581–591)
Severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) is an important indicator of maternal care due to the lowering rates of maternal deaths. One criterion for the diagnosis of SAMM is admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Other aspects that would meet the diagnosis of SAMM is obstetric bleeding, eclampsia, severe preeclampsia, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular events, ICU admission, laparotomy after delivery, maternal death, or disorders of the hepatic, hematologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, or neurologic systems. This study investigated if ICU admission serves as a valid indicator of SAMM. Using the Data from the EPIMOMS study which examined 182,309 women from 6 regions of France, 2540 met the criteria for SAMM or were admitted to the ICU. From this cohort, maternal characteristics, preexisting medical conditions, pregnancy characteristics, length of ICU stay, and organ dysfunction were recorded. The cohort was divided into 3 different groups: those with SAMM not admitted to an ICU, SAMM patients admitted to the ICU, and patients admitted to the ICU not meeting the criteria for SAMM. Statistical analysis was performed and univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to account for variables in all groups, histograms for continuous variables, standard deviation for normally distributed variables, Kruskal-Wallis test for ICU length of stay, and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. The study used multiple imputations with chained equations to ascribe missing multivariable analysis model data values followed by a complete case multivariable logistic regression analysis. The results were at a α=0.05 significance level, a statistical power of 80%, an odds ratio of ≥1.4 or ≥2.0.
COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Characteristics and Outcomes of Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital Because of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Engjom H. , Aabakke A.J.M. , Klungsøyr K. , Svanvik T. , Äyräs O. , Jonasdottir E. , Thurn L. , Jones E. , Pettersson K. , Nyfløt L.T. , Al-Zirqi  , Vangen S. , Júlíusson P.B. , Källén K. , Gissler M. , Krebs L. 
Published: September 2022

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100:1611–1619)
SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, COVID-19, have been shown to be more severe in pregnant women due to a variety of factors. Researchers continue to investigate the specific effects COVID-19 has on pregnancies of infected women. This study examined hospital records from five Nordic countries for the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to the hospital while infected with SARS-CoV-2 from March 1 to June 30, 2020.
Attenuating effect of magnesium on pulmonary arterial calcification in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Chuang Kun-Han , Yao Ru-Hui , Jiang Ya-Nan , Gui Long-Xin , Zheng Si-Yi , Lin Mo-Jun 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Vascular calcification has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. Mg2+ has a protective role against calcification. This study aimed to investigate whether Mg2+ could alleviate pulmonary hypertension by reducing medial calcification of pulmonary arteries.

Methods:
Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats were given an oral administration of 10% MgSO4 (10 ml/kg per day). Additionally, we administered Mg2+ in calcified pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) after incubating with β-glycerophosphate (β-GP, 10 mmol/l).

Results:

In vivo, MCT-induced and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension indexes, including right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular mass index, and arterial wall thickness, as well as Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining-visualized calcium deposition, high calcium levels, and osteochondrogenic differentiation in pulmonary arteries, were mitigated by dietary Mg2+ intake. In vitro, β-GP-induced calcium-rich deposits stained by ARS, calcium content, as well as the detrimental effects of calcification to proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis of PASMCs were alleviated by high Mg2+ but exacerbated by low Mg2+. Expression levels of mRNA and protein of β-GP-induced osteochondrogenic markers, RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2, and Msh Homeobox 2 were decreased by high Mg2+ but increased by low Mg2+; however, Mg2+ did not affect β-GP-induced expression of SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9. Moreover, mRNA expression and protein levels of β-GP-reduced calcification inhibitor, Matrix GLA protein was increased by high Mg2+ but decreased by low Mg2+.

Conclusion:
Mg2+ supplement is a powerful strategy to treat pulmonary hypertension by mitigating pulmonary arterial calcification as the calcification triggered physiological and pathological changes to PASMCs.