bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational cultures in the Swedish restaurant business and the risk for sexual harassment
Authors: Gillander Gådin K , Zampoukos K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The hospitality sector has the highest level of sexual harassment incidents compared to any other sector. The negative consequences of sexual harassment at the restaurant workplace are not limited to the health of the victim alone as it also affects the organization as well as the health of a society. The organizational context is a fundamental determinant of sexual harassment and we need to increase our understanding of organizational cultures that affect such behaviors in order to develop and implement effective interventions in the restaurant business. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive picture of organizational cultures that increase the risk for sexual harassment in the restaurant business.

Methods
Individual interviews with twenty-nine employees in the restaurant business (e.g. waiting staff, chefs, bartenders, managers) were conducted during 2019-2021. Thematic analysis was used to analyze organizational cultures that increase the risk for sexual harassment in the restaurant business. Preliminary results show a complex web of intersecting cultures such as a toxic macho culture, a weak leadership culture and a close relational culture that cooperate at different hierarchical levels and increase the risk for sexual harassment. The results also show how organizational factors such as workforce demography, unsocial working hours, staff turnover and understaffing are interacting with the organizational cultures in the creation of a hostile environment that increases the risk for sexual harassment.

Conclusions
The results elucidate why traditional interventions such as training or bystander interventions are inefficient in the restaurant business. The results can be used to develop interventions that focus on macho-cultures in restaurants, the leadership culture and the specific relationship culture that develop due to the specific organizational structures in the restaurant business.

Key messages
• There is a need to focus on organizational factors in order to work against sexual harassment in the restaurant business and is a prerequisite for developing efficient interventions.
• Sexual harassment affects many people in working life and is a serious public health problem. Also, sexual harassment at work maintains gender-based inequalities that exist at a structural level.
A Sick Benefit Scheme Reduces Unmet Healthcare Needs: An Natural Experiment in Seoul
Authors: Yu S , Moon D , Sohn M , Kim J , Chung H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

South Korea experiences four times more unmet healthcare needs than OECD countries (11.6% and 2.6% respectively). Unmet healthcare needs are caused by the double burden of direct and indirect costs including income loss, and OECD countries operate a sickness benefit scheme to resolve sudden loss of pay. Seoul introduced the first sickness benefit system, Seoul-Type Paid Sick Leave Support (hereinafter Seoul Sick Leave), for self-employed national healthcare insurance subscribers to reduce the rate of unmet healthcare needs. By comparing the amount of increasing medical expenses between the beneficiary and non-beneficiary before (2018) and after (2019-2020) the introduction of the system, the study was intended to confirm the reduced unmet healthcare needs. This study used data from the National Health Information Database (NHID) and the difference in differences (DID) analytic framework. 96 and 121 patients were included in benefit and non-benefit cohorts, respectively. As a result, the beneficiary group’s expenses were smaller than those of the non-beneficiary group (coef.=-1.24, p = 0.026). However, the beneficiary group had a greater amount of increase in hospitalization expenses before and after the introduction than the non-beneficiary group did (coef.=1.66, p = 0.005). Our finding showed that the Seoul Sick Leave helped the precarious workers as they were able to use inpatient services when they needed. If it is to be scaled up to the national level, it should be applied all people to enhance universal health insurance in Korea.

Key messages
• Identified the effectiveness of the first sickness benefit system as it helped the precarious workers as they were able to use inpatient services when they needed.
• By financially supporting them, the Seoul Sick Leave support can achieve health promotion through early detection and treatment.
Effort-reward imbalance and the mental health of middle managers in Europe
Authors: Vos M , De Moortel D , Vanroelen C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
According to the Neo-Marxist Class Theory, supervisors’ health is at risk due to their position of authority without strategic power. We investigate how the interaction between the class location and an Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) is related to mental health risk, including gender differences and mediation by work-life balance.

Methods
From the 6th wave of the European Working Conditions Survey, we selected workers aged 15 to 64 of the 28 European Member States (pre-Brexit). ERI was measured with 18 proxies for the ERI Questionnaire items. For mental health, the WHO-5 well-being index was used. Relationships were analyzed using linear regression models.

Results
We found evidence for the relationship between ERI and mental health of European employees (ß = -0.641, p &lt; .001), partially mediated by work-life balance. Contrary to previous NMSC studies, we did not find worse mental health for supervisors. The vulnerability for ERI increases with class position (supervisors ß = -0.703; topmanagers ß = -1.099), with supervisors showing a higher mean ERI (subordinates M = 0.445; supervisors M = 0.459; topmanagers M = 0.437, p &lt; .001). The mental health of female supervisors appears more vulnerable to ERI than men’s.

Conclusions
Our findings show that mental health risks of supervisors become apparent especially in situations where esteem, job security and promotion opportunities do not match the status expectations of the position. A labor market policy that encourages organizations to have those tasks performed by their own permanent employees (as opposed to outsourcing them), with a focus on a healthy work-life balance and fair remuneration, can benefit the mental health of this group of employees.

Key messages
• The mental health of employees in higher positions of authority is more vulnerable to situations of effort-reward imbalance.
• European labor market policies focused on security for employees, rather than flexibility for employers, can reduce mental illness among the European middle managers and subordinates.
Evaluation of the prescription amount of narcotic analgesics based on cancer pain relief management
Authors: Park J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
A basic plan for promoting pain relief management for cancer patients was formulated in Japan, and proper use of narcotic analgesics is being promoted to relieve cancer pain. We aimed to explore the relationship between age and opioid narcotic dose in cancer patients and examine the effects of healthcare systems and social policies to prevent opioid abuse and addiction in a national cohort in Japan.

Methods
Data were collected from April 2014 to March 2019 from the nationwide health insurance claims open database in Japan. Prescription data were collected for opium alkaloids and synthetic narcotics. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed based on the age groups and in- or out-of-hospital prescription quantities (mg), taking into account equivalences in quantities of opioids prescribed yearly on the hypothesized relationships between variables.

Results
The average annual quantities of opium alkaloid prescribed gradually decreased by 2.8% (mg = 10,249,115) over six years, especially in in-hospital prescriptions. On the other hand, in-hospital annual prescriptions of synthetic narcotics increased by 24.1% (mg = 2,135,568), out-of-hospital opium alkaloid by 1.3% (mg = 37,565,229), and synthetic narcotics by 25.9% (mg = 1,404,641). Among the demographic variables, cancer patients aged 65 years or older were significantly associated with the types of opioid variables (p &lt; .001) and annual reductions in prescribed amounts (p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Treatment with opium alkaloids and synthetic narcotics increased among outpatients in the years examined; however, the trend varied across age groups. Our findings suggest that improvements in early detection and treatment have resulted in a rise in the number of cancer patient survivors, thereby leading to an increase in narcotic analgesic dose. The palliative care for cancer patients will contribute as an epidemiological indicator to review the evidence-based health-related impact on public health.

Key messages
• Treatments other than medical intervention should also be considered, taking into account the increase in the number of outpatient opioid prescription recipients due to increased cancer survival.
• Social interventions to prevent opioid abuse during cancer pain relief will contribute to preventing substance abuse by promoting collaboration between clinicians and local communities.
The humanization of care after the COVID-19 pandemic in Italian historical hospitals
Authors: Giusti M , Cosma C , Stefania S , Persiani N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Globally, the reforms of healthcare systems aim to bring back the patient at the centre of these organisations after the issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The patient returns to be fully considered, as an individual whose must be protected physical and psychological health as well as social well-being. Humanization of care is returning to the foreground. For centuries, art has been used throughout Europe in the health context for its power to support patients in their disease. Today, this approach can be rediscovered in historical hospitals, where tradition, art and assistance coexist. This study aims to investigate the interest for the development of projects for the humanization of care exploiting the artistic heritage of the historical hospitals owned by Health Authorities. The cross-case analysis was chosen as study design. The case studies are the historical hospitals in the city centre of Venice, Florence, and Rome. The evaluation of the proposal was carried out through semi-structured interviews with the general managers of the Health Authorities, the medical directors of the selected hospitals and the delegates for the protection and promotion of cultural heritage. The results were analysed using a qualitative model (coding). All respondents welcomed the proposal to launch projects for the humanization of care that foresee the use of the artistic heritage of the historical hospitals to involve patients in the field of health care. Interviewees expressed the desire to invest human and structural resources in the development of these projects. Moreover, directors suggest choosing a specific target with which to start the experimentation and to dispense a specific training to future engaged social and health personnel. The implementation of projects for the humanization of care using the artistic heritage of historical hospitals can be replicated worldwide where healthcare institutions have a cultural wealth to be handed down, shared and valued.

Key messages
• In the post COVID-19 era, it is strategic to exploit artistic heritage owned by the Health Authority for the positive impact in the patient’s experience.
• Artistic heritage claims its role as a health service for supporting patients, caregivers and also health workforce.
Hospitalist System under the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Perspective of Value Co-creation
Authors: Yan Y 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The core spirit of the Hospitalist system aims to set up dedicated wards, integrate physician manpower, focus on whole-person care, in order to cope with the aging population and Covid-19 pandemic, and to ensure that both parties, the medical personnel and patients, can provide or receive complete medical care. As the Taiwan medical system is facing a paradigm shift, the Taiwan hospitalist system will play an essential role in the transition as moving forward to provide professional care for inpatients.

Methods
Hospitalists from 12 hospitals across Taiwan completed a cross-sectional survey. The target population was identified through Taiwan Doctors and Nurses. Survey questionnaire was accessed by 342, incomplete response (18) were excluded and 324 completed responses were analysed.

Results
That the higher the cognition of medical staff on whole-person care, the higher the motivation to participate in cross-team cooperation (F = 35.914, p &lt; 0.001); when the motivation to participate in cross-team cooperation was higher, the behavior of participating in whole-person care also increased. Will be higher (F = 36.483, p &lt; 0.001); whole-person care behavior participation behavior has a significant impact on value creation (F = 21.068, p &lt; 0.001)

Conclusions
As the Taiwan medical system is facing a paradigm shift, the Taiwan hospitalist system will play an essential role in the transition as moving forward to provide professional care for inpatients. This change will make possible the improvement of patient safety and quality medical care. The research results can be provided for reference in European and American countries.

Key messages
• A hospitalist support system is essential for establishing an efficient medical environment and reducing administrative work, which can help hospitals introduce a hospitalist system.
• To build a more stable and sustainable system, it is necessary to create a systemic operational foundation for proceeding with this new hospitalist system.
Continuity of care in Danish peer-led patient online communities on social media. A survey study
Authors: Ledderer L , Karlsson A , Stage C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients in the Danish healthcare system and other Western countries experience a lack of ‘continuity of care’ due to inadequate communication and sharing of clinical information. ‘Continuity of care’ is often defined as informational, managerial and relational failures. A lack of continuity is particularly problematic for patients with chronic conditions as they are often highly dependent on longitudinal and complex treatment processes. Some of these patients have formed self-organised groups on social media in order to share their personal experiences with the health care system and discuss health related problem with peers. The aim of this paper is to understand the role peer-led online communities (PLOC) play for patients with chronic conditions experiences of continuity of care.

Methods
The material consists of survey data from patients with chronic conditions participating in peer-led online communities on the experience of continuity of care in the Danish healthcare system. A link to the survey was posted in the public online community “Chronic Influencers” (Instagram 10,000 followers), and in the closed Facebook group “Chronic pain patients” (Facebook, 2,200 members). The questionnaire was posted three times between 10 and 30 March 2022.

Results
207 respondents answered all questions in the survey of which 95% were women. Most of them (62 %) were between 36 and 55 years. 37 % live with chronic conditions for more that 20 years. 72 % of the respondent experience lack of continuity with the healthcare system, often with regard to information or communication with health professionals and they look for peers’ advices or experiences in the online groups. 68 % felt recognized by the peers in the online community in another way than in the meeting with the healthcare system.

Conclusions
Patients use PLOC to find and exchange experiences from other patients with chronic conditions about their treatment and especially daily life with chronic conditions.

Key messages
• Patients participating in peer-led online communities provide online support and recognition to each other than that provided by the healthcare system.
• Patients use peer-led online communities to read about other patients’ experiences with chronic conditions and learn about their treatment and daily life.
Evaluation of fall risk factors for among hospitalized patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Govoni E , La Porta F , Negro A , Valpiani G , Caselli S , Bassi E , Pecoraro V , Lullini G , Tedesco D , Rolli M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Hospitals falls are an important challenge for healthcare systems. An early identification of patients at risk is critical, but no assessing tool has proven to be sufficiently predictive. This review aims at identifying factors associated with an increased risk of falls in hospitalized adults and at mapping them according to main international classification systems.

Methods
We carried out a systematic literature review and metanalysis to detect risk factors positively associated with the increase of falls in hospitals, searching litterature from January 2015 to March 2022. We included studies investigating falling risk factors in patients older than 16 years. Researchers independently assessed records’ eligibility and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed. When possible, data was processed using a random effects model and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval to quantify the effect. Risk factors were than classified according to ICF, ICD, and ATC classifications.

Results
We included 40 observational studies, enrolling 3,495,552 patients. Considering ICF-factors, mental and sensory functions-pain have a strong association with falls (OR = 3.311 and 2.149, respectively). ICD-factors associated with falls were mental and behavioural disorders (OR = 2.219), diseases of the nervous system (OR = 2.974), and symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings (OR = 2.665). Considering ATC-related factors, medications for alimentary tract and metabolism (OR = 1.978), and nervous system (OR = 1.779), showed a strong association with falls. Other factors were also associated with a moderately increased risk.

Conclusions
The comprehensive evidence-based assessment achieved with this meta-analysis alongside with the classification according to ICF, ICD and ATC systems provides a new standardized identification of the risk factors associated with an increase of falls in hospital.

Key messages
• Falls occurring in hospital are an important challenge for health care systems. Therefore the identification of risk factors associated to patients increased risk of fall is fundamental.
• The comprehensive evidence-based assessment achieved with this meta-analysis provides a new standardized identification of the risk factors associated with an increase of falls for hospital.
Age ranges in breast cancer screening: simulated scenarios and analysis of benefits and harms
Authors: Pinto-Carbó M , Vanaclocha-Espi M , Martín-Pozuelo J , Romeo-Cervera P , Hernández-García M , Ibañez J , Castán-Cameo S , Van Ravesteyn NT , Zurriaga O , Molina-Barceló A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The Valencia Region Breast Cancer Screening Programme (VR-BCSP) (Spain) invites women aged 45-69 for mammography every 2 years (y). The aim is to evaluate benefits and harms of 3 age range scenarios of the VR-BCSP according to different adherence rates.

Methods
Long-term impact simulation study (2020-2050) of 3 age range screening scenarios (S) for women ≥40y of the VR in 2020 (n = 1487000): S1, 45-69y (current VR-BCSP scenario); S2, 50-69y (excluding 45-49y) and S3, 45-74y (including 70-74y). A biennial screening interval was considered. The simulations were performed for 4 participation rates: A=current adherence (72.7%), B = +5%, C = +10% and D = +20%. Benefit indicators were: nº of BC in situ and invasive (screened vs. clinically detected), nº of BC deaths and % of BC mortality reduction. Harms indicators were: nº of false positives (FP) and % of overdiagnosis. Screening scenarios were simulated using the EUTOPIA evaluation tool.

Results
Considering the current adherence, a reduction of BC mortality was observed in all scenarios (S1A=30.6%, S2A=27.9%, S3A=32.2%). In S2A the harms decreased vs. S1A: nº of FP (236vs423 x1000) and overdiagnosis (4.9%vs5.0%), but also the benefits: BC mortality reduction (27.9%vs30.6%) and nº of invasive BC screen detected (15/28vs18/25). In S3A vs S1A, an increase of benefits was observed: BC mortality reduction (32.2%vs30.6%) and nº of in situ BC screen detected (5/2vs4/3). On the other hand the nº of FP increased (460vs423 x1000), but overdiagnosis decreased (4.8%vs5.0%). All the results with an increased adherence had similar trend as the previous scenarios, showing a gradual increment in BC mortality reduction. Nevertheless overdiagnosis increase significantly in S3 (5.8% in all adherence increments), being higher than S1 (S1B=5.0%, S1C=4.9%, S1D=5.0%) and S2 (S2B=4.9%, S2C=4.9%, S2D=4.9%).

Conclusions
The wider age range, the greater reduction in BC mortality but also the probability of FP and overdiagnosis.

Key messages
• The wider age range, the greater reduction in BC mortality but also the probability of FP and overdiagnosis.
• This study provides a balance between benefits and harms of different screening scenarios allowing evidence-based decision making.
Clinical practice variability: a systematic review of shock wave therapy for spasticity
Authors: Faubel R , Martínez IM , Navarro O , Sempere-Rubio N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to collect and analyse the available scientific evidence on the clinical practice variability and effectiveness of shock wave therapy as a treatment for spasticity.

Methods
the systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library. All publications from November 2009 to November 2019 were selected that included a sample of patients with spasticity and prior suspension of botulinum toxin, to whom shock wave therapy was applied. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the Jadad scale and the pyramid of quality of scientific evidence.

Results
25 studies involving 866 participants with spasticity were selected. The results obtained suggest that shock wave therapy appears to be effective in reducing spasticity levels irrespective of the age of the participants, the type of injury, and the tool used to measure the effect.

Conclusions
shock wave therapy reports evidence of improvement in motor function, motor impairment, pain, and functional independence, applied independently of botulinum toxin. However, due to the heterogeneity of the protocols, there is no optimum protocol for its application, and it would be appropriate to gain more high-quality scientific evidence through primary studies.

Key messages
• Shock wave therapy reports evidence of improvement in motor function, motor impairment, pain, and functional independence, applied independently of botulinum toxin.
• Due to the heterogeneity of the protocols, there is no optimum protocol for its application, and it would be appropriate to gain more high-quality scientific evidence through primary studies.