bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Activation for the Collective Synthesis of Proline Natural Products
Authors: Li Quan‐Zhe , Hou Si‐Hua , Kang Jun‐Chen , Lian Peng‐Fei , Hao Yu , Chen Chao , Zhou Jia , Ding Tong‐Mei , Zhang Shu‐Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBioinspired palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of amino acid derivatives containing a vinyl iodide moiety by C−H activation enabled rapid access to a wide range of functionalized proline derivatives with an exocyclic olefin. To demonstrate the practicality of this methodology, the functionalized prolines were used as intermediates for the synthesis of several natural products: lucentamycin A, oxotomaymycin, oxoprothracarcin, and barmumycin.
Antioxidant and dissociation behavior of polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride
Authors: Redfearn Halle N. , Goddard Julie M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the dissociation behavior of functional polymers can help tailor materials for performance in target applications. Polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) undergoes partial hydrolysis to form polypropylene‐graft‐succinic acid (PP‐g‐SA) due to trace atmospheric moisture during extrusion. While there have been reports on the relationship between interfacial and antioxidant properties for functional polymers, PP‐g‐SA's behavior has yet to be explored despite its widespread occurrence. Here, PP‐g‐MA was compounded with isotactic polypropylene (PP) in a twin‐screw extruder and the influence of maleic anhydride (MA) content on interfacial behavior (dissociation constant and pH dependence of radical scavenging) was determined. Precise pKabulk values of the PP‐g‐SA carboxylic acids were calculated using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) titration and found to be ~7.00–7.50 depending on MA content. The extinction coefficient ratio between the anhydride and carboxylic acids was reported for the first time, which was used to determine the increasing degree of hydrolysis with increasing alkalinity. pH‐dependent radical scavenging capacity followed closely with dissociation results, with activity reaching up to 4.02 ± 0.23 TroloxEq (nmol/cm2), supporting the proposed radical scavenging mechanisms dependent on deprotonation of the carboxylic acids. This study demonstrates how dissociative properties of functional polymers can predict radical scavenging behavior in different environments.
Reef‐dwelling brachiopods record paleoecological and paleoenvironmental changes within the Changhsingian (late Permian) platform‐margin sponge reef in eastern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Xuesong Tian , Wei Wang , Zhenhua Huang , Zhiping Zhang , Dishu Chen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe eastern Sichuan Basin area (China) is the representative locality for studies of the Late Permian Changhsingian platform to basin transition. However, details of the paleoecology and paleoenvironment of rich brachiopod fauna in this area are still unclear, especially regarding the reef‐dwelling brachiopods. The reef‐dwelling brachiopod specimens from the Panlongdong platform‐margin reefal environment are first described herein. A detailed comparison is presented with the paleoecological features and sedimentological characteristics of the reef‐dwelling brachiopods and brachiopods of the reported Zhongliang Hill and Huayingshan intraplatform nonreefal environments in the transitional zone. The reef‐dwelling brachiopods are dominated by the spiriferids, such as Martinia and Permophricodothyris, which are mainly found in hypercalcified sponge‐calcareous algae binding framestone from the second reef‐building process of the Panlongdong reef. The brachiopods in the first and third reef‐building processes of the Panlongdong reef often show clear indications of transportation. The comparison of paleoecological and sedimentological evidence indicates that the reef‐dwelling brachiopod specimens, which have strong pedicle‐attached convex shells and supporting body spines, are commonly preserved in live positions and form a hard‐bottom fauna, showing low evenness, and high dominance in both taxonomical and lifestyle diversity. The association among reef‐dwelling brachiopod individuals also represents potential biological interactions to prevent the shells from being swept away by constant currents and waves, forming extremely dense concentrations on the sea floor as reef ecosystem engineers. This case study of reef‐dwelling brachiopods preserved within the platform‐margin reefal environment was critical for filling various gaps in our knowledge of the complexity of the Changhsingian reef‐related ecosystem.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Encapsulated Ordered Mesoporous SiOx as Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ling Yang , Gao Yuan , Peng Yan , Guan Shiyou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSiOx (0<x<2) has been broadly investigated as a promising anode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost, and proper working voltage. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by volume expansion during the lithiation process and low electrical conductivity, resulting in rapid capacity decay. Herein, we designed a core‐shell structured nitrogen‐doped carbon‐encapsulated ordered mesoporous SiOx composite (SiOx@NC) using 3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde (3‐AF) as carbon and nitrogen precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica precursor, and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) as the mesoporous template. The obtained composite electrode not only can effectively reduce the volume expansion, but also can effectively improve electronic conductivity and further enhance the charge and ion transfer kinetics. Benefiting from the unique structural merits, the obtained SiOx@NC‐2 delivers a high reversible capacity of 602.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and long‐term cyclability (maintain 426.1 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1).
Stability analysis for 2‐D switched Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems with stable and unstable subsystems
Authors: Peng Dan , Zhang Yuting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of stability of two‐dimensional (2‐D) switched Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems with stable and unstable subsystems described by the Roesser model with constant delays. The T‐S fuzzy model is applied to close the discrete‐time nonlinear subsystems. By utilizing the definitions of mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT) method and a quasi‐alternative switching signal, the stability condition for 2‐D discrete‐time switched systems composed of stable and unstable subsystems is derived, and a study on one‐dimentional (1‐D) system can be seen as a special case. Finally, the effectiveness and advantage of the obtained results are illustrated through practical example by LMI toolbox.
Residual‐based cumulative sum charts to monitor time series of counts via copula‐based Markov models
Authors: Alqawba Mohammed , Kim Jong‐Min , Radwan Taha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral scientific observations produce data that consist of serially dependent counts that are difficult to accurately analyze due to the absence of normality and the limited literature on dealing with such data. In this article, we propose a cumulative sum chart to monitor serially dependent counts using copula‐based Markov models. After reviewing such models, we introduce the randomized quantile residuals obtained from the Markov process. The proposed method is evaluated using a comprehensive simulation study and a real‐life example. Results suggested that the method is effective and easily implemented
Mapping the time course of overt emotion dysregulation, self‐injurious behavior, and aggression in psychiatrically hospitalized autistic youth: A naturalistic study
Authors: Northrup Jessie B. , Goodwin Matthew S. , Peura Christine B. , Chen Qi , Taylor Briana J. , Siegel Matthew S. , Mazefsky Carla A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChallenges with emotion dysregulation, self‐injurious behavior (SIB), and aggression are common in autistic individuals. Prior research on the relationships between these behaviors is limited mainly to cross‐sectional correlations of parent‐report data. Understanding how emotion dysregulation, SIB, and aggression present and relate to one another in real‐time could add to our understanding of the context and function of these behaviors. The present study examined the real‐time occurrence and temporal relationships between these behaviors in 53 psychiatrically hospitalized autistic youth. Over 500 hours of behavioral observation occurred during everyday activities in the hospital. Start and stop times for instances of overt emotion dysregulation, SIB, and aggression were coded live using a custom mobile phone app. Results indicated large individual variability in the frequency and duration of these behaviors and their co‐occurrence. Both SIB and aggression co‐occurred with overt emotion dysregulation at above‐chance levels, suggesting a role for emotional distress in the occurrence of these behaviors. However, there was substantial variability within and between individuals in co‐occurrence, and SIB and aggression often (and for some individuals, almost always) occurred without overt emotion dysregulation. Relatedly, cross‐recurrence quantitative analysis revealed that SIB and aggression preceded emotion dysregulation more often than emotion dysregulation preceded SIB and aggression. Future research, perhaps using ambulatory psychophysiological measures, is needed to understand whether emotion dysregulation may sometimes be present but not easily observed during SIB and aggression.Lay SummaryThis study provides insight into how overt emotion dysregulation (i.e., visible distress), aggression, and self‐injury unfold in real‐time for autistic individuals. Participants were 53 autistic youth staying in a psychiatric hospital. Research staff observed participants in everyday activities on the hospital unit and noted instances of aggression, self‐injurious behavior, and emotion dysregulation. Results suggest that aggression and self‐injury sometimes occur with visible signs of distress but also often occur without visible distress. In addition, observable distress was more common in the moments after these behaviors than in the moments before.
Industrial light at the end of the iron‐containing (group III) alcohol dehydrogenase tunnel
Authors: Shanbhag Anirudh P. , Ghatak Arindam , Rajagopal Sreenath 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are three prominent alcohol dehydrogenases superfamilies: short‐chain, medium‐chain, and iron‐containing alcohol dehydrogenases (FeADHs). Many members are valuable catalysts for producing industrially relevant products such as active pharmaceutical intermediates, chiral synthons, biopolymers, biofuels, and secondary metabolites. However, FeADHs are the least explored enzymes among the superfamilies for commercial tenacities. They portray a conserved structure having a “tunnel‐like” cofactor and substrate binding site with particular functions, despite representing high sequence diversity. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis demarcates enzymes catalyzing distinct native substrates where closely related clades convert similar molecules. Further, homologs from various mesophilic and thermophilic microbes have been explored for designing a solvent and temperature‐resistant enzyme for industrial purposes. The review explores different iron‐containing alcohol dehydrogenases potential engineering of the enzymes and substrates helpful in manufacturing commercial products.
Peer‐Reviewed Embedded Pedagogy: A New Approach to Promote and Improve Active Learning in Science Education
Authors: Orr Matthew R. , Kirkegaard Amanda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractActive learning increases student performance in STEM disciplines. Open educational resources (OERs) offered by the Ecological Society of America and other entities offer free, accessible, and peer‐reviewed active learning exercises in ecology and other fields. Here, we propose a new method, which we call peer‐reviewed embedded pedagogy (PREP), to improve the creation, implementation, and quality of OERs. Under PREP, a research laboratory publishes an OER before, instead of after, the research that it is predicated upon goes to press and then embeds a link to the OER in the scientific manuscript. We describe four ways that PREP might incentivize the creation and use of OERs by research scientists and three ways that it could improve the quality of OERs for students. Together, these benefits address eight AAAS benchmarks in science education and offer a win–win situation for both students and the scientists who instruct them.
Prime editing in plants and mammalian cells: Mechanism, achievements, limitations, and future prospects
Authors: Hillary V. Edwin , Ceasar S. Antony 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system has revolutionized genetic research in the life sciences. Four classes of CRISPR/Cas‐derived genome editing agents, such as nuclease, base editor, recombinase, and prime editor have been introduced for engineering the genomes of diverse organisms. The recently introduced prime editing system offers precise editing without many off‐target effects than traditional CRISPR‐based systems. Many researchers have successfully applied this gene‐editing toolbox in diverse systems for various genome‐editing applications. This review presents the mechanism of prime editing and summarizes the details of the prime editing system applied in plants and mammalian cells for precise genome editing. We also discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential future applications of prime editing in these systems. This review enables the researcher to gain knowledge on prime editing tools and their potential applications in plants and mammalian cells.
WRN rescues replication forks compromised by a BRCA2 deficiency: Predictions for how inhibition of a helicase that suppresses premature aging tilts the balance to fork demise and chromosomal instability in cancer
Authors: Datta Arindam , Brosh Robert M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHereditary breast and ovarian cancers are frequently attributed to germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. BRCA1/2 act to repair double‐strand breaks (DSBs) and suppress the demise of unstable replication forks. Our work elucidated a dynamic interplay between BRCA2 and the WRN DNA helicase/exonuclease defective in the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome. WRN and BRCA2 participate in complementary pathways to stabilize replication forks in cancer cells, allowing them to proliferate. Whether the functional overlap of WRN and BRCA2 is relevant to replication at gaps between newly synthesized DNA fragments, protection of telomeres, and/or metabolism of secondary DNA structures remain to be determined. Advances in understanding the mechanisms elicited during replication stress have prompted the community to reconsider avenues for cancer therapy. Insights from studies of PARP or topoisomerase inhibitors provide working models for the investigation of WRN's mechanism of action. We discuss these topics, focusing on the implications of the WRN‐BRCA2 genetic interaction under conditions of replication stress.
Orchestrating ribosomal RNA folding during ribosome assembly
Authors: Oborská‐Oplová Michaela , Gerhardy Stefan , Panse Vikram Govind 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConstruction of the eukaryotic ribosome is a complex process in which a nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA) emerging from RNA Polymerase I hierarchically folds into a native three‐dimensional structure. Modular assembly of individual RNA domains through interactions with ribosomal proteins and a myriad of assembly factors permit efficient disentanglement of the error‐prone RNA folding process. Following these dynamic events, long‐range tertiary interactions are orchestrated to compact rRNA. A combination of genetic, biochemical, and structural studies is now providing clues into how a nascent rRNA is transformed into a functional ribosome with high precision. With this essay, we aim to draw attention to the poorly understood process of establishing correct RNA tertiary contacts during ribosome formation.
Analyzing the effect of using axial impellers in large‐scale bioreactors
Authors: Bernauer Sören , Eibl Philipp , Witz Christian , Khinast Johannes , Hardiman Timo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn high‐performance industrial fermentation processes, stirring and aeration may account for significant production costs. Compared to the widely applied Rushton impellers, axial‐pumping impellers are known to yield a lower power draw and at the same time improve mixing. However, their lower gas dispersion capability requires stronger agitation, compromising these benefits. Diverse advanced impeller forms have been developed to cope with this challenge. We apply alternating radial and axial impellers and demonstrate strong gas dispersion and energy‐efficient mixing for the first time in a large‐scale (160 m3) bioreactor, based on experimental and computational fluid dynamics simulation data. For equal operating conditions (stirrer speed, aeration rate), this setup yielded similar gas hold‐ups and better mixing times (35%) compared to a classical Rushton‐only configuration. Hence, applying a radial impeller on an upper level for improving gas dispersion maintains the benefits of axial impellers in terms of reducing energy demand (up to 50%). We conclude that this effect is significant only at large‐scale, when bubbles substantially expand due to the release of the hydrostatic pressure and have time to coalesce. The work thus extends current knowledge on mixing and aeration of large‐scale reactors using classical impeller types.
Effect of time‐gating on stimulated emission depletion microscopy using sub‐nanosecond pulses
Authors: Lee Mina , Joo Sihwa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a super‐resolution microscopy technique that overcomes the diffraction limit using a donut‐shaped beam switching off fluorescence through stimulated emission. Because the resolution of STED microscopy is directly affected by beam intensity, a light source for the donut beam is very important. Because of their output power, cost, and convenience, sub‐nanosecond fiber lasers have become popular. However, their pulses (approximately 500 ps) are somewhat long, which can degrade the resolution. In this study, we used time‐gating to improve the resolution of an STED microscope built with a sub‐nanosecond fiber laser. Quantitative analysis of single DNA origami bead images revealed that time‐gating increased the resolution and signal‐to‐background ratio by 15% and twofold, respectively. A similar effect was observed in cell imaging. This result suggests that time‐gating would be beneficial for STED microscopes using slightly long pulses.
How to convert green entrepreneurial orientation into green innovation: The role of knowledge creation process and green absorptive capacity
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Xiu‐e , Teng Xinyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBased on the resource advantage theory and knowledge‐based theory, this study explores the impact of green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) on green innovation, the moderating role of green absorptive capacity (GAC), and the mediating role of knowledge creation process. Through the survey of 173 middle‐senior managers, this study finds that GEO significantly affects green innovation, and GEO has a positive impact on knowledge exchange (KE) and knowledge integration (KI). Furthermore, GAC strengthens the positive impact of GEO on knowledge creation process. Additionally, KE and KI have positive impacts on green product innovation and green process innovation. KE and KI play the mediating roles in the relationship between GEO and green innovation. These results expand the theoretical basis of green entrepreneurship, provide a more comprehensive understanding of how to carry out green innovation for enterprises, and contribute to the improvement of the research on green entrepreneurship.
RNA therapeutics in the clinic
Authors: Curreri Alexander , Sankholkar Disha , Mitragotri Samir , Zhao Zongmin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRibonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are being actively researched as a therapeutic modality in preclinical and clinical studies. They have become one of the most ubiquitously known and discussed therapeutics in recent years in part due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Since the first approval in 1998, research on RNA therapeutics has progressed to discovering new therapeutic targets and delivery strategies to enhance their safety and efficacy. Here, we provide an overview of the current clinically relevant RNA therapeutics, mechanistic basis of their function, and strategies to improve their clinical use. We discuss the 17 approved RNA therapeutics and perform an in‐depth analysis of the 222 ongoing clinical trials, with an emphasis on their respective mechanisms and disease areas. We also provide perspectives on the challenges for clinical translation of RNA therapeutics and suggest potential strategies to address these challenges.
Early prediction of prostate cancer risk in younger men using polygenic risk scores and electronic health records
Authors: Varma Amita , Maharjan Jenish , Garikipati Anurag , Hurtado Myrna , Shokouhi Sepideh , Mao Qingqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) screening is not routinely conducted in men aged 55 and younger, although this age group accounts for more than 10% of cases. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and patient data applied toward early prediction of PCa may lead to earlier interventions and increased survival. We have developed machine learning (ML) models to predict PCa risk in men 55 and under using PRSs combined with patient data.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on 91,106 male patients aged 35–55 using the UK Biobank database. Five gradient boosting models were developed and validated utilizing routine screening data, PRSs, additional clinical data, or combinations of the three.ResultsCombinations of PRSs and patient data outperformed models that utilized PRS or patient data only, and the highest performing models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.788. Our models demonstrated a substantially lower false positive rate (35.4%) in comparison to standard screening using prostate‐specific antigen (60%–67%).ConclusionThis study provides the first preliminary evidence for the use of PRSs with patient data in a ML algorithm for PCa risk prediction in men aged 55 and under for whom screening is not standard practice.