bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C−H Direct Arylation: A Robust Tool to Tailor the π‐Conjugation Lengths of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Liu Hui , Tao Yang‐Dan , Wang Li‐Hong , Ye Dong‐Nai , Huang Xu‐Min , Chen Na , Li Chang‐Zhi , Liu Shi‐Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFacile synthesis without involvement of toxic reagents is of great significance in the practical application of photovoltaic materials. In this work, four acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A−D−A) type unfused‐ring acceptors (UFRAs) with stepwise extension in π‐conjugation, i. e., CPFB‐IC‐n (n=1–4), involving cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and 1,4‐difluorobenzene (DFB) as cores, are facilely synthesized by an atom‐, step‐economic and labor‐saving method through direct arylation of C−H bond (DACH). Among them, CPFB‐IC‐4 has the longest conjugation lengths among the molecular UFRA ever reported. The dependence of optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances of CPFB‐IC‐n (n=1–4) on conjugation length were systematically investigated. CPFB‐IC‐2 with near zero highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offsets (ΔEHOMO=0.06 eV) achieves the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), due to the significantly enhanced open voltage (VOC) and short current (JSC) caused by the balanced frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and complementary light absorption. Our work demonstrates that the optical properties and FMOs of UFRAs can be finely tuned by the stepwise elongation of conjugation lengths. Meanwhile, DACH coupling as a powerful tool here established will be a promising candidate for synthesizing high‐performance oligomeric UFRAs.
Stereoselective Oxidative Mannich Reaction of Ketones with Dihydrodibenzo‐Oxazepines via a Merger of Photoredox‐/Electro‐Catalysis with Organocatalysis
Authors: Hussain Yaseen , Sharma Deepak , Kotwal Namrata , Kumar Indresh , Chauhan Pankaj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn enantio‐ and diastereoselective sp3‐sp3 coupling of acyclic/cyclic ketones with dihydrodibenzo‐oxazepines has been developed by merging visible light photo‐redox‐ or electro‐catalysis with organocatalysis. This approach parallelly utilizes Eosin Y or graphite electrodes for the co‐catalyst‐free oxidative conversion of dihydrodibenzo‐oxazepines to oxazepines, followed by L‐Proline catalyzed direct Mannich‐type reaction with ketones. A series of enantioenriched dihydrodibenzo‐oxazepines have been prepared in high yields and enantioselectivity. This method shows substantial advantages over the existing protocols by using potentially safer starting materials and cheap commercially available catalysts.
Instrumental validation of free water, peak‐width of skeletonized mean diffusivity, and white matter hyperintensities: MarkVCID neuroimaging kits
Authors: Maillard Pauline , Lu Hanzhang , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Gold Brian T. , Bauer Christopher E. , Zachariou Valentinos , Stables Lara , Wang Danny J.J. , Jann Kay , Seshadri Sudha , Duering Marco , Hillmer Laura J. , Rosenberg Gary A. , Snoussi Haykel , Sepehrband Farshid , Habes Mohamad , Singh Baljeet , Kramer Joel H. , Corriveau Roderick A. , Singh Herpreet , Schwab Kristin , Helmer Karl G. , Greenberg Steven M. , Caprihan Arvind , DeCarli Charles , Satizabal Claudia L. ,   for the MarkVCID Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo describe the protocol and findings of the instrumental validation of three imaging‐based biomarker kits selected by the MarkVCID consortium: free water (FW) and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), both derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume derived from fluid attenuation inversion recovery and T1‐weighted imaging.MethodsThe instrumental validation of imaging‐based biomarker kits included inter‐rater reliability among participating sites, test–retest repeatability, and inter‐scanner reproducibility across three types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsThe three biomarkers demonstrated excellent inter‐rater reliability (ICC >0.94, P‐values < .001), very high agreement between test and retest sessions (ICC >0.98, P‐values < .001), and were extremely consistent across the three scanners (ICC >0.98, P‐values < .001).DiscussionThe three biomarker kits demonstrated very high inter‐rater reliability, test–retest repeatability, and inter‐scanner reproducibility, offering robust biomarkers suitable for future multi‐site observational studies and clinical trials in the context of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID).
Malignant progression of liver cancer progenitors requires lysine acetyltransferase 7–acetylated and cytoplasm‐translocated G protein GαS
Authors: Zhou Ye , Jia Kaiwei , Wang Suyuan , Li Zhenyang , Li Yunhui , Lu Shan , Yang Yingyun , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Mu , Dong Yue , Zhang Luxin , Zhang Wannian , Li Nan , Yu Yizhi , Cao Xuetao , Hou Jin 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Hepatocarcinogenesis goes through HCC progenitor cells (HcPCs) to fully established HCC, and the mechanisms driving the development of HcPCs are still largely unknown.

Approach and Results:
Proteomic analysis in nonaggregated hepatocytes and aggregates containing HcPCs from a diethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC mouse model was screened using a quantitative mass spectrometry–based approach to elucidate the dysregulated proteins in HcPCs. The heterotrimeric G stimulating protein α subunit (GαS) protein level was significantly increased in liver cancer progenitor HcPCs, which promotes their response to oncogenic and proinflammatory cytokine IL‐6 and drives premalignant HcPCs to fully established HCC. Mechanistically, GαS was located at the membrane inside of hepatocytes and acetylated at K28 by acetyltransferase lysine acetyltransferase 7 (KAT7) under IL‐6 in HcPCs, causing the acyl protein thioesterase 1–mediated depalmitoylation of GαS and its cytoplasmic translocation, which were determined by GαS K28A mimicking deacetylation or K28Q mimicking acetylation mutant mice and hepatic Kat7 knockout mouse. Then, cytoplasmic acetylated GαS associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to impede its interaction with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, thus promoting in a feedforward manner STAT3 phosphorylation and the response to IL‐6 in HcPCs. Clinically, GαS, especially K28‐acetylated GαS, was determined to be increased in human hepatic premalignant dysplastic nodules and positively correlated with the enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, which were in accordance with the data obtained in mouse models.

Conclusions:
Malignant progression of HcPCs requires increased K28‐acetylated and cytoplasm‐translocated GαS, causing enhanced response to IL‐6 and driving premalignant HcPCs to fully established HCC, which provides mechanistic insight and a potential target for preventing hepatocarcinogenesis.
Transcriptomic analysis of dorsal and ventral subiculum after induction of acute seizures by electric stimulation of the perforant pathway in rats
Authors: Aoyama Beatriz B. , Zanetti Gabriel G. , Dias Elayne V. , Athié Maria C. P. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Schwambach Vieira André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreconditioning is a mechanism in which injuries induced by non‐lethal hypoxia or seizures trigger cellular resistance to subsequent events. Norwood et al., in a 2010 study, showed that an 8‐h‐long period of electrical stimulation of the perforant pathway in rats is required for the induction of hippocampal sclerosis. However, in order to avoid generalized seizures, status epilepticus (SE), and death, a state of resistance to seizures must be induced in the hippocampus by a preconditioning paradigm consisting of two daily 30‐min stimulation periods. Due to the importance of the subiculum in the hippocampal formation, this study aims to investigate differential gene expression patterns in the dorsal and ventral subiculum using RNA‐sequencing, after induction of a preconditioning protocol by electrical stimulation of the perforant pathway. The dorsal (dSub) and ventral (vSub) subiculum regions were collected by laser‐microdissection 24 h after preconditioning protocol induction in rats. RNA sequencing was performed in a Hiseq 4000 platform, reads were aligned using the STAR and DESEq2 statistics package was used to estimate gene expression. We identified 1176 differentially expressed genes comparing control to preconditioned subiculum regions, 204 genes were differentially expressed in dSub and 972 in vSub. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the most significant common enrichment pathway considering up‐regulated genes in dSub and vSub was steroid metabolism. In contrast, the most significant enrichment pathway considering down‐regulated genes in vSub was axon guidance. Our results indicate that preconditioning induces changes in the expression of genes related to synaptic reorganization, increased cholesterol metabolism, and astrogliosis in both dSub and vSub. Both regions also presented a decrease in the expression of genes related to glutamatergic transmission and an increase in expression of genes related to complement system activation and GABAergic transmission. The down‐regulation of proapoptotic and axon guidance genes in the ventral subiculum suggests that preconditioning may induce a neuroprotective environment in this region.
Characterization of internal thermohydraulic flow and heat transfer improvement in a three‐dimensional circular corrugated tube surfaces based on numerical simulation and design of experiment
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo meet the requirements of development in heat exchangers design, the effect of different tubes geometrical parameters on its flow field analysis and thermal heat transfer performance are investigated in the current research work. The hydraulic thermal fluid coupling with computational simulations is applied. The numerical results are solving used flow transport and heat transfer equations, then these results are validated with available experimental data. The behavior of hydraulic and thermal flow in the corrugated tube is discussed with different geometrical parameters' position and shape. Turbulent flow in the tube is calculated in three‐dimensional numerical simulations with optimization of a multiobjective algorithm are analyzed. The influences of various design parameters, for instance, the number of corrugated rings around the tube, distance between each corrugated ring, the diameter of the ring, and pitch of ring are investigated firstly in the flow field and then optimized by using the design of experiment (DOE). The influence of flow structural modifications such as static pressure, dynamic pressure, and pressure drop is taken into consideration as analyzed performance parameters. The DOE method is investigated based on implements and variances the L16 orthogonal arrays are chosen as the experimental strategy. Furthermore, the optimization results found that the maximum value of pressure difference was for corrugated diameter. The numerical method using DOE has enhanced heat transfer rate as compared to the smooth pipe. Moreover, the minimum Tout is for Case 11 (296.49°C) and the maximum Tout is for (303.10°C) hence the value of Nu number for both cases is 32.9 and 42, respectively. That means using this type of passive device can improve the heat transfer in the pipe. The outcomes illustrate that the performance evaluation factor (PEF) ratio of the corrugated pipe with different geometrical configurations is changed and increased as the corrugated pipe geometrically changed and the value of PEF is more than 1.3.
Lung fibrosis is a novel therapeutic target to suppress lung metastasis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Yui Yoshihiro , Kumai Jun , Watanabe Kenta , Wakamatsu Toru , Sasagawa Satoru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma has not improved over the last 30 years because no effective treatment strategy has been established for lung metastases. Although molecular‐targeted drugs that modify the extracellular environment, such as antifibrotic agents, have been developed for cancer treatment, the suppressive effects of antifibrotic agents on osteosarcoma lung metastasis are unclear. Osteosarcomas need to adapt to considerable changes with respect to the stiffness of the environment and fibrosis during lung metastasis and may thus be vulnerable to fibrotic suppression as they originate at the site of a stiff bone with considerable fibrosis. In our study, we investigated whether fibrosis was a therapeutic target for suppressing osteosarcoma metastasis. Lung tissue samples from patients and a mouse model (LM8‐Dunn model) showed that lung metastatic colonization of osteosarcoma cells proceeded with massive lung fibrosis. Metastatic osteosarcoma LM8 cells proliferated in a scaffold‐dependent manner; the proliferation was less dependent on YAP‐mediated mechanotransduction on soft polyacrylamide gels. The antifibrotic agents pirfenidone and nintedanib suppressed lung metastasis in the LM8‐Dunn model. The osteosarcoma cells did not show increased proliferation, as reported in breast cancer, after continuous culture in a soft environment. We speculated that the antifibrotic agents were effective because the osteosarcoma cells remained scaffold‐dependent in the soft tissue environment. Thus, antifibrotic strategies may be useful in suppressing lung metastasis of bone and soft tissue tumors with stiff primary sites such as those in osteosarcoma.
Sex Effect in the Decision to Perform Invasive Coronary Angiography in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome After Undergoing Vasodilator Stress MRI
Authors: Palau Patricia , Núñez Julio , Monmeneu Jose V. , Lopez‐Lereu Maria P. , Gavara Jose , Rios‐Navarro Cesar , de Dios Elena , Perez‐Sole Nerea , Marcos‐Garces Victor , Domínguez Eloy , Moratal David , Canoves Joaquim , Miñana Gema , Chorro Francisco Javier , Bodi Vicente 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundStress cardiac MRI permits comprehensive evaluation of patients with known or suspected chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). The impact of sex on the use of invasive cardiac angiography (ICA) after vasodilator stress cardiac MRI is unclear.PurposeTo evaluate the impact of sex on ICA use after vasodilator stress cardiac MRI.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 6229 consecutive patients (age [mean ± standard deviation] 65.2 ± 11.5 years, 38.1% women).Field Strength/SequenceA 5‐T; a steady‐state free‐precession cine sequence; stress first‐pass perfusion imaging; late enhancement imaging.AssessmentPatients underwent vasodilator stress cardiac MRI for known or suspected CCS. The ischemic burden (at stress first‐pass perfusion imaging) was computed (17‐segment model).Statistical TestsMultivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential differential association between ischemic burden and use of cardiac MRI‐related ICA across sex.ResultsA total of 1109 (17.8%) patients were referred to ICA, among which there were significantly more men (762, 19.7%) than women (347, 14.6%). Overall, after multivariate adjustment, female sex was not associated with lower use of ICA (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.84–1.18, P = 0.934). However, significant sex differences were detected across ischemic burden. Whereas women with nonischemic vasodilator stress cardiac MRI (0 ischemic segments) were less commonly submitted to ICA (OR = 0.49; CI 95%: 0.35–0.69) in patients with ischemia (>1 ischemic segment), adjusted use of ICA was more frequent in women than men (OR = 1.27; CI 95%: 1.1–1.5).Data ConclusionsIn patients with known or suspected CCS submitted to undergo vasodilator stress cardiac MRI, cardiac MRI‐related ICA may be overused in men without ischemia. Furthermore, ICA referral in patients with negative ischemia resulted in greater odds of revascularization in men.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 5
Knowledge and perceptions of outpatients regarding upper respiratory tract infections and awareness of an Antibiotics Smart Use campaign in Thailand
Authors: Phueanpinit Pacharaporn , Siriwattanasakul Nongchanok , Tichakorn Penpit , Klanbut Siranan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Antibiotic Smart Use (ASU) campaign, including educating the public in appropriate antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), has been conducted for several years in Thailand. This study's main objectives were to examine knowledge and perceptions of antibiotics for URTIs in outpatients.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at a 500‐bed tertiary care teaching hospital, using a self‐administered questionnaire directly distributed to people waiting for dispensed medicines in the out‐patient department.ResultsOf the 400 returned questionnaires, 61% of respondents (N = 243) had a history of antibiotic use. Nearly 70% (N = 270) had received antibiotic information. Posters promoting the ASU campaign had been seen by 65% (N = 259), of whom 70% (N = 182) had read the poster. Knowledge regarding antibiotics was generally poor, higher knowledge (2.6–3.2‐fold increase) was associated with middle‐aged compared to younger people (58.4% vs 31.2%, p = 0.004), people with a bachelor’s degree rather than a junior high school certificate (67.5% vs 14.3%, p = 0.020), and people receiving antibiotic information rather than not receiving information (84.4% vs 15.6%, p = 0.022). The perceived necessity for antibiotics for various respiratory symptoms was moderate, with lower expectations in those who have a high level of antibiotic knowledge and have read an ASU poster.ConclusionOverall knowledge of antibiotics was found to be low. However, perceptions of the necessity for antibiotic use in URTIs were encouragingly positive. Continuous promotion of ASU campaigns to limit antibiotic use is still necessary but may require adaptation to ensure accessibility for the wider public.
How diet affects Alzheimer's disease and small vessel disease
Authors: Lempiäinen Juha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe number of people with memory disorders is increasing worldwide. Changing certain lifestyle factors can prevent the development of those disorders. Diet is a central factor that can be changed.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify peer‐reviewed articles that examined the relationship between a plant‐based diet and Alzheimer's disease or SVD.ResultsWhole‐food, plant‐based diets also seem to be a healthy choice for the brain. Berries, vegetables and fibre seem to be especially important. The amounts of saturated fat, refined carbohydrates and alcohol should be minimised. Single components (dietary supplements) are not beneficial if one has no deficiencies.ConclusionsA plant‐based diet containing plenty of fibre, vitamins, and polyphenols seems to be a good choice for our memory and brain health.
Aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation in a seasonally anoxic basin
Authors: Steinsdóttir Herdís G. R. , Schauberger Clemens , Mhatre Snehit , Thamdrup Bo , Bristow Laura A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShallow coastal waters are dynamic environments that dominate global marine methane emissions. Particularly high methane concentrations are found in seasonally anoxic waters, which are spreading in eutrophic coastal systems, potentially leading to increased methane emissions to the atmosphere. Here we explore how the seasonal development of anoxia influenced methane concentrations, rates of methane oxidation, and the community composition of methanotrophs in the shallow eutrophic water column of Mariager Fjord, Denmark. Our results show the development of steep concentration gradients toward the oxic–anoxic interface as methane accumulated to 1.4 μM in anoxic bottom waters. Yet, the fjord possessed an efficient microbial methane filter near the oxic–anoxic interface that responded to the increasing methane flux. In experimental incubations, methane oxidation near the oxic–anoxic interface proceeded both aerobically and anaerobically with nearly equal efficiency reaching turnover rates as high as 0.6 and 0.8 d−1, respectively, and was seemingly mediated by members of the Methylococcales belonging to the Deep Sea‐1 clade. Throughout the period, both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation rates were high enough to consume the estimated methane flux. Thus, our results indicate that seasonal anoxia did not increase methane emissions.
Average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF) for CEST imaging
Authors: Jin Tao , Chung Julius Juhyun 
Published: March 2022

PurposeEndogenous CEST signal usually has low specificity due to contamination from the magnetization transfer effect and from fast exchanging labile protons with close Larmor frequencies. We propose to improve CEST signal specificity with an average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF).MethodsASEF measures the difference between CEST signals acquired with similar average irradiation power but largely different duty cycles (DC), for example, a continuous wave or a high DC pulse train versus a low DC one. Simulation and Cr phantom studies were performed to evaluate the characteristics of ASEF for CEST.ResultsTheoretical and simulation studies show that ASEF can suppress fast exchanging processes, with only a small loss of chemical exchange contrast for slow‐to‐intermediate exchange rates if the difference in DC is large. In the RF offset range of 2 to 5 ppm with an averaged saturation power of 0.8 and 1.6 microteslas, there is a mismatch of ∼0.1% to 2% in the magnetization transfer signal between saturation by continuous wave and a pulse train with DC = 15% and pulse duration of 24 ms, respectively. This mismatch can be minimized by careful selection of saturation power, pulse duration, and DC differences or by applying a small fudge factor between the 2 irradiation powers. Phantom studies of Cr confirmed that ASEF can minimize the magnetization transfer effect and reduce sensitivity to fast exchange processes.ConclusionASEF can improve the specificity of slow‐to‐intermediate exchanging CEST signal with a relatively small loss of sensitivity.
MR‐assisted PET respiratory motion correction using deep‐learning based short‐scan motion fields
Authors: Chen Sihao , Fraum Tyler J. , Eldeniz Cihat , Mhlanga Joyce , Gan Weijie , Vahle Thomas , Krishnamurthy Uday B. , Faul David , Gach H. Michael , Binkley Michael M. , Kamilov Ulugbek S. , Laforest Richard , An Hongyu 
Published: March 2022

PurposeWe evaluated the impact of PET respiratory motion correction (MoCo) in a phantom and patients. Moreover, we proposed and examined a PET MoCo approach using motion vector fields (MVFs) from a deep‐learning reconstructed short MRI scan.MethodsThe evaluation of PET MoCo was performed in a respiratory motion phantom study with varying lesion sizes and tumor to background ratios (TBRs) using a static scan as the ground truth. MRI‐based MVFs were derived from either 2000 spokes (MoCo2000, 5–6 min acquisition time) using a Fourier transform reconstruction or 200 spokes (MoCoP2P200, 30–40 s acquisition time) using a deep‐learning Phase2Phase (P2P) reconstruction and then incorporated into PET MoCo reconstruction. For six patients with hepatic lesions, the performance of PET MoCo was evaluated using quantitative metrics (SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean, lesion volume) and a blinded radiological review on lesion conspicuity.ResultsMRI‐assisted PET MoCo methods provided similar results to static scans across most lesions with varying TBRs in the phantom. Both MoCo2000 and MoCoP2P200 PET images had significantly higher SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean and significantly lower lesion volume than non‐motion‐corrected (non‐MoCo) PET images. There was no statistical difference between MoCo2000 and MoCoP2P200 PET images for SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean or lesion volume. Both radiological reviewers found that MoCo2000 and MoCoP2P200 PET significantly improved lesion conspicuity.ConclusionAn MRI‐assisted PET MoCo method was evaluated using the ground truth in a phantom study. In patients with hepatic lesions, PET MoCo images improved quantitative and qualitative metrics based on only 30–40 s of MRI motion modeling data.