bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between oral language and storytelling prosody in preschool children
Authors: Chung Wei‐Lun , Yang Hui‐Chun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study examined storytelling prosody (i.e., prosodic variations in retelling a story) and the relation with oral language in Taiwanese preschool children. One hundred and twenty‐eight preschool children aged 4 and 5 were recruited and given the following tasks: nonverbal intelligence, vocabulary, syntax, and storytelling prosody. Children's storytelling prosody was evaluated by a four‐point scale (i.e., expression‐and‐volume, phrasing, smoothness and pace). Results revealed that (i) storytelling prosody differed as a function of oral language, (ii) different dimensions of storytelling prosody (e.g., expression‐and‐volume and phrasing) were correlated with syntactic and vocabulary knowledge and (iii) language production predicted storytelling prosody in male children, but not female children. Together, oral language is correlated with storytelling prosody among preschool children, especially male children.Highlights
This study examined the relationship between oral language and storytelling prosody.
128 preschool children's storytelling prosody was evaluated via a rating scale. Storytelling prosody differed as a function of oral language and was correlated with vocabulary and syntactic knowledge. Oral language only predicted storytelling prosody in male children, but not female children.
Results highlighted the relationship between oral language and storytelling prosody, which is an early predictor of reading comprehension.
Primary Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney and its clinical features
Authors: Saikawa Shiori , Taga Minekatsu , Matsuda Yasushi , Suzuki Koji , Yamaguchi Aina , Fukushima Mana , Imamura Yoshiaki , Ito Hideaki , Yokoyama Osamu 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionEwing sarcoma family tumor is a malignant tumor that is primarily of bone origin; it rarely occurs in the kidney.Case presentationA 22‐year‐old woman presented with hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a 6 × 6‐cm mass in the lower pole of the right kidney with invasion into the right renal vein. A right laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed. The tumor was completely encapsulated. Based on the small‐round‐cell histology, diffusely CD99‐positive tumor cells, and EWS (ex7)–FLi1 (ex6) fusion gene break point transcript, we diagnosed Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. After surgery, eight cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy including vincristine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide were given. No evidence of recurrence has been observed 13 months from diagnosis.ConclusionThis was a rare Ewing sarcoma family tumor in the kidney of a young female with no remarkable family medical history.
How do undergraduate engineering students conceptualize product design? An analysis of two third‐year design courses
Authors: Miska Jacob W. , Mathews Laura , Driscoll Jessica , Hoffenson Steven , Crimmins Sarah , Espera Alejandro , Pitterson Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEngineering education traditionally emphasizes technical skills, sometimes at the cost of under‐preparing graduates for the real‐world engineering context. In recent decades, attempts to address this issue include increasing project‐based assignments and engineering design courses in curricula; however, a skills gap between education and industry remains.Purpose/HypothesisThis study aims to understand how undergraduate engineering students perceive product design before and after an upper‐level project‐based design course, as measured through concept maps. The purpose is to measure whether and how students account for the technical and nontechnical elements of design, as well as how a third‐year design course influences these design perceptions.Design/MethodConcept maps about product design were collected from 105 third‐year engineering students at the beginning and end of a design course. Each concept map's content and structure were quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the students' conceptual understandings and compare them across disciplines in the before and after conditions.ResultsThe analyses report on how student conceptions differ by discipline at the outset and how they changed after taking the course. Mechanical Engineering students showed a decrease in business‐related content and an increased focus on societal content, while students in the Engineering Management and Industrial and Systems Engineering programs showed an increase in business topics, specifically market‐related content.ConclusionThis study reveals how undergraduate students conceptualize product design, and specifically to what extent they consider engineering, business, and societal factors. The design courses were shown to significantly shape student conceptualizations of product design, and they did so in a way that mirrored the topics in the course syllabi. The findings offer insights into the education‐practice skills gap and may help future educators to better prepare engineering students to meet industry needs.
Sofosbuvir‐based therapy for late pregnant women and infants with severe chronic hepatitis C: A case series study
Authors: Zeng Qing‐Lei , Yu Zu‐Jiang , Lv Jun , Zhang Hong‐Xu , Wang Bin , Dong Xiao‐Ping , Chen Zhi‐Min , Cui Guang‐Lin , Ji Fanpu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData on sofosbuvir‐based therapy for pregnant women and infants with severe chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are lacking. Two late pregnant women and one female infant with severe CHC were enrolled for treatment. Pregnant Women 1 and 2 and Infant 3 were 30, 33, and 1.2 years old, respectively; the gestational ages of pregnant Women 1 and 2 were 31 and 26 weeks, respectively. Notably, pregnant Women 1 and 2 and Infant 3 had hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels of 139 000, 198 000, and 8 450 000 IU/ml; alanine aminotransferase levels of 420, 781, and 220 U/L; and received sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for 12 weeks, respectively. All three patients were safely cured with favorable tolerance, and two newborns were both breastfeeding and were consistently negative for the anti‐HCV antibody during the 1‐year follow‐up after birth. Additionally, two newborns and Infant 3 had normal growth parameters during the follow‐up year one. In conclusion, this case series study found that sofosbuvir‐based therapy for pregnant women and infants with severe CHC is safe and effective. The data may fill the gap and provide evidence of the use of sofosbuvir‐based therapy as a reference when similar severe CHC situations are encountered during clinical practice.
Cuprizone‐mediated demyelination reversibly degrades voiding behavior in mice while sparing brainstem reflex
Authors: Ramasamy Ramalakshmi , Hardy Cara C. , Crocker Stephen J. , Smith Phillip P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressively debilitating demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Nearly 80% of MS patients experience lower urinary tract dysfunction early in their diagnosis. This significantly affects the quality of life, and in latter stages of disease is a leading cause of hospitalization. Previously, animal models have shown that inflammatory demyelination in the CNS causes profound bladder dysfunction, but the confounding influence of systemic inflammation limits the potential interpretation of the contribution of CNS demyelination to bladder dysfunction. Since the micturition circuit has myelinated neuronal connections in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, we examined alterations in bladder function in the cuprizone model characterized by demyelinating lesions in the cortex and corpus callosum that are independent of T‐cell–mediated autoimmunity. Herein, we report that a 4‐week dietary cuprizone treatment in C57Bl/6J mice induced alterations in voiding behavior with increased micturition frequency and reduced volume voided, similar to human MS bladder dysfunction. Subsequently, recovery from cuprizone treatment restored normal bladder function. Demyelination and remyelination were confirmed by Luxol Fast Blue staining of the corpus callosum. Additionally, we also determined that an 8‐week cuprizone treatment, resulting in chronic demyelination lacking spontaneous remyelination potential, is associated with an exacerbated voiding phenotype. Interestingly, while cuprizone‐induced CNS demyelination severely affected conscious (cortical) urinary behavior, the brainstem and spinal cord reflex remained unchanged, as confirmed by urethane‐anesthetized cystometry. This is the first study to show that cortical demyelination independent of inflammation can negatively impact urinary function.
Responses of vegetation phenology to the asymmetric changes of temperature in daytime and night‐time in the north of 20°N
Authors: Hou Xuehui , Gao Shuai , Li Xinhua , Wang Meng , Zhao Jia , Sui Xueyan , Liang Shouzhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFocusing on the regional differences in the asymmetric effects of daytime and night‐time warming on plant phenology, (a) the start‐of‐season (SOS) and end‐of‐season (EOS) were extracted based on a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset for areas north of latitude 20°N during 1982–2015; (b) the partial Pearson correlation coefficient between phenology and temperature was calculated, excluding the effects of precipitation, drought, and evapotranspiration; and (c) the asymmetric effects of daytime and night‐time temperatures on phenology were analysed from the perspectives of the entire study area, different climate regimes, and different altitudes. The results show that phenology showed opposing responses to changes in daytime temperature (Td) and night‐time temperature (Tn) in spring as well as autumn. However, such asymmetric effects were dependent on the climate. In arid/semi‐arid regions, increasing Td induced drought stress by facilitating evaporation from soil, resulting in a delayed SOS and an early EOS, while increasing Tn was beneficial for seed germination and leaf unfolding in the spring. In temperate climate regimes, the responses of phenology to warming in the day and night were more complicated due to different plant species and precipitation. In cold regions, increasing Td led to the advancement of the SOS, while increasing Tn delayed it. In contrast, night‐time warming in autumn significantly delayed the EOS and daytime warming advanced the EOS in cold regions. Warming affected the seasonal dynamics of plants in spring and autumn to a greater degree at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. These results provide valuable insights into the patterns of the asymmetric relationship between the effects of changes in daytime and night‐time temperatures on plant phenology, over a range of regions and altitudes.
Curcumin alleviated lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung injury via regulating the Nrf2‐ARE and NF‐κB signaling pathways in ducks
Authors: Liu Xiao , Guan Pei Yue , Yu Chun Ting , Yang Hao , Shan An Shan , Feng Xing Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnder the intensive modern poultry farming system, the lung of duck is one of the main target organs for various bacterial and viral infections. Curcumin is a kind of natural polyphenol compound for which various beneficial biological functions exist, including being an anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of curcumin‐alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced lung damage by the nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐antioxidant reaction element (ARE) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in ducks.RESULTSIn total, 450 one‐day‐old male specific pathogen‐free ducks were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: CON, basal diet; LPS, basal diet + LPS treatment; LPS + CUR, basal diet + LPS + 500 mg kg−1 of curcumin. At the end of the experiment (21 days), ducks in LPS treatment were challenged with 5 mg LPS per kilogram of body weight and the other two treatments were injected with the same dose of phosphate‐buffered saline solution. The results showed that LPS caused acute inflammation, oxidation stress, and lung injury. Dietary addition of curcumin significantly relieved the oxidation stress and inflammation parameters. Moreover, the results showed that remission may be through the signaling pathways of both Nrf2‐ARE and NF‐κB.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, dietary supplementation of 500 mg kg−1 of curcumin exhibited a lung‐protective effect in ducks. This experiment broadens the mode of metabolism actions of curcumin in the target organs and provides an insight for the application of curcumin in waterfowl feed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasonic stimulation of milk fermentation: effects on degradation of pesticides and physiochemical, antioxidant, and flavor properties of yogurt
Authors: Yuan Shaofeng , Yang Fangwei , Yu Hang , Xie Yunfei , Guo Yahui , Yao Weirong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltrasound has the potential to increase microbial metabolic activity, so this study explored the stimulatory effect of ultrasound pre‐treatment on the degradation of four common pesticides (fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and dimethoate) during milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum and its effect on yogurt quality.RESULTSAppropriate ultrasound pretreatment significantly enhanced the growth of L. plantarum. The degradation percentages of pesticides increased by 19–38% under ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonic intensity, pulse duty cycle, and duration time were key factors affecting microbial growth and pesticide degradation. Under optimal ultrasonic pre‐treatment conditions, the degradation rate constants of four pesticides were at least 3.4 times higher than those without sonication. In addition, such ultrasound pretreatment significantly shortened yogurt fermentation time, increased the water holding capacity, hardness and antioxidant activity of the yogurt, and improved the flavor quality of the yogurt.CONCLUSIONUltrasonic pretreatment significantly accelerated the degradation of the four pesticides during yogurt fermentation. In addition, such ultrasound pretreatment increased the efficiency of yogurt making and improved the quality of yogurt in terms of water holding capacity, firmness, antioxidant activity, and flavor. These findings provide a basis for the application of ultrasound to the removal of pesticide residues and quality improvement of yogurt. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
First investigation on polyphenols and glycosidic aroma precursors in a spontaneous colour mutant of ‘Glera’, the principal grape variety of Prosecco sparkling wine
Authors: Morreale Giacomo , Possamai Tyrone , Panighel Annarita , De Rosso Mirko , Lovat Lorenzo , Flamini Riccardo , Migliaro Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSomatic mutations in Vitis spp. are relatively frequent and can generate new agronomically interesting phenotypes. We report the discovery, genetic and chemical characterization of ‘Glera rosa’, a mutant for the berry skin colour of ‘Glera’, the main white cultivar used to produce Prosecco wine.RESULTSWe ascertained the relationship between the skin colour of ‘Glera rosa’ and the polymorphisms in the Myb‐gene transcription factors involved in polyphenol biosynthesis. We established that VvMybA1 was homozygous (VvMybA1a/VvMybA1a) in ‘Glera’ but heterozygous (VvmybA1a/VvmybA1b) in the ‘Glera rosa’ mutant. We verified that the VvMybA1a non‐functional allele contained Grapevine Retrotransposon 1 (Gret1), while in the VvmybA1b allele Gret1 was missing, and the gene function was partially restored. The effects of mutation on ‘Glera rosa’ grape metabolites were studied by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Fifteen anthocyanins and five unique flavonols were found in the ‘Glera rosa’ mutant. The mutation also increased the contents of trans‐resveratrol and its derivatives (i.e., piceatannol, E‐ε‐viniferin, cis‐ and trans‐piceid) and of some flavonols in grape. Finally, the mutation did not significantly affect the typical aroma precursors of Glera grape such as glycosidic monoterpenes, norisoprenoids and benzenoids.CONCLUSION‘Glera rosa’ could be an interesting genetic source for the wine industry to produce Prosecco DOC rosé typology (made by adding up to 15% of ‘Pinot Noir’), which was introduced to the market in 2020 with a worldwide massive success. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Functional characterization and clinical significance of super‐enhancers in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Xiangxiang , Qin Na , Hua Tingting , Wei Xiaoxia , Li Yuancheng , Chen Congcong , Gong Linnan , Liu Su , Wang Cheng , Yin Rong , Jiang Yue , Dai Juncheng , Xu Lin , Shen Hongbing , Ma Hongxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuper‐enhancers (SEs) are important transcriptional regulators in tumorigenesis; however, the functional characterization and clinical significance of SEs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. By using H3K27ac ChIP‐seq data of two LUAD cell lines and eight lung tissues, we detected 1045 cancer‐specific and 5032 normal‐specific SEs. Compared to normal‐specific SEs, cancer‐specific SEs have different regulatory mechanisms where associated target genes were enriched in critical tumor‐related pathways and tended to be regulated by transcription factors of Fos Proto‐Oncogene, AP‐1 Transcription Factor Subunit and Jun Proto‐Oncogene, AP‐1 Transcription Factor Subunit families. By using expression data of 513 LUAD and 57 adjacent samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 80 tumor‐normal paired LUAD samples from the Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort study, we performed differential expression analysis of target genes for SEs and defined 243 crucial SEs. Unsupervised clustering of crucial SEs revealed two subtypes with different levels of genomic aberrations (i.e., mutation and copy number alteration) and clinical outcomes (progression‐free interval: p = 0.030; disease‐free interval: p = 0.047). In addition, patients with adverse clinical outcomes were more sensitive to three small molecule inhibitors (bortezomib, doxorubicin, and etoposide), and their targets (PSMB5 and TOP2A) also have elevated expression levels among these patients. Taken together, our findings provided a comprehensive characterization of SEs in LUAD and emphasized their clinical significance in LUAD therapy.
Linoleic Acid‐Rich Oil Alters Circulating Cardiolipin Species and Fatty Acid Composition in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cole Rachel M. , Angelotti Austin , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Ni Ai , Belury Martha A. 
Published: May 2022

ScopeHigher circulating linoleic acid (LA) and muscle‐derived tetralinoleoyl‐cardiolipin (LA4CL) are each associated with decreased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs with low LA4CL. Whether LA‐rich oil fortification can increase LA4CL in humans is unknown. The aims of this study are to determine whether dietary fortification with LA‐rich oil for 2 weeks increases: 1) LA in plasma, erythrocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and 2) LA4CL in PBMC in adults.Methods and resultsIn this randomized controlled trial, adults are instructed to consume one cookie per day delivering 10 g grapeseed (LA‐cookie, N = 42) or high oleate (OA) safflower (OA‐cookie, N = 42) oil. In the LA‐cookie group, LA increases in plasma, erythrocyte, and PBMC by 6%, 7%, and 10% respectively. PBMC and erythrocyte OA increase by 7% and 4% in the OA‐cookie group but is unchanged in the plasma. PBMC LA4CL increases (5%) while LA3OA1 CL decreases (7%) in the LA‐cookie group but are unaltered in the OA‐cookie group.ConclusionsLA‐rich oil fortification increases while OA‐oil has no effect on LA4CL in adults. Because LA‐rich oil fortification reduces cardiometabolic disease risk and increases LA4CL, determining whether mitochondrial dysfunction is repaired through dietary fortification is warranted.
DNA damage and microdosimetry for carbon ions: Track structure simulations as the key to quantitative modeling of radiation‐induced damage
Authors: Moeini Hossein , Mokari Mojtaba 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeDose distribution in carbon‐ion irradiations is generally envisaged to have therapeutic advantages over protons, primarily due to the carbon ion's comparatively higher relative biological effectiveness in the tumor than in the encompassing healthy tissues. The objective of this work was to simulate the overall physical and chemical reactions of primary carbon ions impinging on liquid water and, as such, to investigate the DNA‐damage yields in the form of strand breaks (SBs) and in connection with the expected microdosimetric quantities.Materials and methodsUsing a B‐DNA model and Geant4‐DNA, we simulated the primary and secondary interactions in a spherical medium of water. Subsequently, we categorized DNA damages based on their complexity utilizing the concept of μ‐randomness. We assumed a threshold of 17.5 eV for a direct SB and a probability of 0.13 for an indirect SB triggered by chemical reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Microdosimetric quantities were extracted for three cylindrical volumes representing typical subcellular organisms.ResultsFor fully ionized carbons of 8–256 MeV/u, the yield results appeared to be considerably influenced by the chemical reactions—indicating the important role of secondary electrons in inflicting damage. However, it was mostly the direct‐damage spectrum that determined the overall shape of the damage spectrum. At all primary energies, it was more probable to break each DNA strand at one point—the two points being less than 10 bp apart—than to break only one strand at two random points. Unlike proton's mean‐specific‐energy results, which showed more sensitivity to the volume increase of the smallest cylinder than of the larger ones, carbon‐ion results showed no such sensitivity.ConclusionThe growth of the yield ratio of the single‐ and double‐strand breaks (DSB) with the particle energy was estimated for protons to be about 2 times that of alphas and 92 times that of carbon ions. Unlike the proton results, which suggested significant correlations between the DSB yields and mean‐specific (and lineal) energies, carbon ions exhibited no such correlations.