bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical, histological and histochemical changes in Aristichthys nobilis Rich. liver exposed to thiamethoxam
Authors: Stoyanova Stela , Yancheva Vesela , Iliev Ilia , Vasileva Tonka , Bivolarski Veselin , Velcheva Iliana , Georgieva Elenka 
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam on some biochemical, histological and histochemical parameters of bighead carp liver (Aristichthys nobilis), which is an economically important fish species for aquaculture. Materials and methods: Different increasing concentrations of 6.6 mg l-1, 10 mg l-1 and 20 mg l-1 of the test chemical under laboratory conditions were tested for their toxicity on fish for 96. The hepatic activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were measured. In addition, the hepatic histological structure was observed for alterations, as well as the lipid content was observed by histochemical staining. Results: It was determined that the enzymatic activity of the exposed fish was increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was increased proportionally to the increasing thiamethoxam concentrations. The histological lesions, which were observed in the liver parenchyma, were degenerative and necrotic. The degenerative alterations were as follows: granular, balloon and fatty degeneration. The necrotic alterations in the fish liver were associated with presence of karyopyknosis, karyorrehsis and karyolysis, respectively. The histological alterations in the liver blood vessels were hyperemia and lymphocyte proliferation. Along with the established histological changes in the liver parenchyma, we found presence of fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes using Sudan III staining on cryostat sections. Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a relation between the concentration of the insecticide and biochemical changes, as well the severity of expression of the histological and histochemical alterations in the bighead carp liver. Overall, such experiments could be successfully applied in research and monitoring programs to study the effects of pesticides on fish. Keywords: Insecticide, Thiamethoxam, Fish Liver, Enzymatic activity, Histological alterations
Empathy in Nonhumans: A Brief Overview
Authors: Dugatkin Lee , Driscoll Caroline 
Published: July 2022

We present a brief overview of the study of empathy in nonhumans. We begin with a historical perspective that focuses on early ideas about empathy developed by Peter Kropotkin and Adam Smith. From there we discuss the origin and evolution of the multiple layers of empathy—emotional contagion, sympathetic concern, and empathetic perspective-taking—casting that discussion within the “Russian doll model” of empathy developed by de Waal. For each layer we provide examples from the animal behavior literature.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN PENILAIAN TES DAN NON TES
Authors: Yuliawati Diana Dwi , Bintang Kamila Aliya , Fath A. Muhammad Syarhan , Fitrotul Risma , Gheafitri Zenityas , Hanatan Ardiana 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze students' critical thinking skills by assessing test and non-test to class X Mathematics and Natural Sciences students in one of the State Senior High Schools in Malang Regency. This type of research is a mix method research that combines quantitative research and qualitative research. This research was conducted on students of class X MIPA using a sample of 25 students by taking critical thinking skills tests in the form of multiple choice questions and essays as well as conducting non-test assessments. The results showed that students' critical thinking skills were still low because students were only able to determine physics equations but were unable to apply the formula to physics problems. Therefore, improving the variation of the learning system carried out by the teacher is highly recommended so that students are able to apply the formula to physics problems.

Key word: critical thinking, test assessment, non test
RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS MINYAK EUKALIPTUS (Eucalyptus alba) DARI DESA TEBING SIRING KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Hazama Nafta , Satriadi Trisnu , Hamidah Siti 
Published: July 2022

One of the most potential non-timber forest products in Indonesia is essential oil. In 2015 the Community Forest Farmers Group "Ingin Maju" Tebing Siring Village, Tanah Laut Regency cultivated eucalyptus (Eucalyptus alba) plants on Mount Langkaras and Mount Batu. This study aims to calculate the yield of eucalyptus oil and test its quality based on differences in growth sites and leaf freshness. This research was conducted at the PHLB ULM Laboratory. The raw material comes from Mount Langkaras and Mount Batu, which is in Tebing Siring village. The results showed that the yield of eucalyptus oil based on the freshness of the material and the planting location was very significantly different. The highest yield was treated with dry leaf condition from Mount Batu, which was 0.35% (v/w), and the smallest yield with fresh leaf condition from Mount Lengkaras was 0.21% (v/w). The quality of eucalyptus oil, especially the value of the refractive index, is not affected by the freshness of the material and the location of the plant. All eucalyptus oil produced in each treatment met the standards of SNI 06-3954-2006Produk hasil hutan bukan kayu yang sangat potensial di Indonesia salah satunya minyak atsiri. Pada tahun 2015 Kelompok Tani Hutan Kemasyarakatan Ingin Maju Desa Tebing Siring, Kabupaten Tanah Laut membudidayakan tanaman eukaliptus (Euqalyptus alba) yang ditanam pada lokasi yang berbeda yaitu, pada Gunung Langkaras dan Gunung Batu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung rendemen minyak eukaliptus dan menguji kualitasnya berdasarkan perbedaan tempat tumbuh dan kesegaran daun. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium PHLB ULM. Bahan baku berasal dari Gunung Langkaras dan Gunung Batu, yang berada di desa Tebing Siring. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rendemen minyak eukaliptus berdasarkan kesegaran bahan dan lokasi tanam berbeda sangat nyata. Rendemen tertinggi dengan perlakuan keadaan daun kering dari Gunung Batu yaitu sebebesar 0,35% (v/w), dan rendemen terkecil dengan keadaan daun segar dari Gunung Lengkaras yaitu sebesar 0,21% (v/w). Kualitas minyak eukaliptus khususnya nilai indeks bias tidak dipengaruhi oleh kesegaran bahan dan lokasi tanaman. Semua minyak eukaliptus yang dihasilkan disetiap perlakuan memenuhi standar SNI 06-3954-2006
Grinding bodies of drum mills and crushers (design review)
Authors: Mikulionok Іgor , Karvatskii Аnton , Leleka Serhii , Ivanenko Olena 
Published: July 2022

A classification of grinding bodies of drum grinders – mills and crushers – for the destruction of lumpy and bulk materials processed at enterprises of the chemical, mining, construction, food, metallurgical and electrode industries has been developed. A critical review of the most characteristic designs of grinding bodies of drum mills proposed by scientists, designers and inventors of the leading countries of the world has been carried out. The designs of grinding bodies are analyzed depending on the method of grinding, shape, degree of assembly, degree of mobility of the bodies elements, the presence of additional functions, as well as the material of the bodies and their structural elements.
An analysis of the designs of grinding bodies of drum mills and crushers for the destruction of lumpy and bulk materials indicates the presence of their significant diversity, however, traditional grinding bodies in the form of balls and cylinders remain the most used in industry. At the same time, the most promising direction for improving the grinding bodies of drum grinders is the development of specialized (rather than traditional universal) designs of grinding bodies, as well as materials for their manufacture.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS TECHNOLOGY FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF AUTOMOBILE AND TRACTOR ENGINES
Authors: Molodan Andrii , Dubinin Yevhen , Potapov Mykola , Tarasov Yurii , Poltavskyi Mykola 
Published: July 2022

The article proposes the use of neural network technology to solve the problems of diagnosing the automobile and tractor engines technical conditions. This allow to work with real data obtained for an individual and reference (average) engine, as well as with data calculated using the mathematical model, based on the comparison of which researcher can take informed decisions about the nature and location of a particular defect. This improves the functional stability of the wheeled vehicle and improves the performance of its intelligent on-board systems.
It has been proven that in order to reduce the redundancy of a neural network, it is necessary to reduce the number of neurons in the hidden layer for a given level of network training error. For diagnosing the automobile or tractor engine, the input signals are voltages received in an artificial neural network from sensors that are standard in the engine, and additionally indicate the technical conditions.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE WHEELED VEHICLES DYNAMIC TESTING METHOD
Authors: Dubinin Yevhen , Klets Dmytro , Polyansky Oleksandr , Korobko Andriy , Baidala Vladyslava 
Published: July 2022

The method of testing vehicles for dynamic position stability has been improved, which makes it possible to assess their lateral stability when driving on irregularities. The dynamic stability coefficient is proposed for use as an assessment criterion. The application of the developed method allows to obtain an assessment of stability in real time during the operation of transport means.
The structural scheme has been developed to ensure the reliability of the operation of wheeled vehicle, based on reducing the influence of the driver's qualifications as an element of the "driver-vehicle-road conditions" system on its position stability, taking into account the results of monitoring the technical condition.
To conduct experiments and evaluate the results, the mobile registration and measurement complex (MRMC) was used to assess and improve the safety of exploitation of wheeled vehicles, taking into account modern means and approaches. A single-board computer Raspberry Pi version 3B + serves as a platform for the mobile registration and measurement complex. The architecture of MRMC is modular; it supports the installation of additional inertial sensors, photo and video fixation devices, GPS, as well as devices compatible with USB. Operating system – Raspbian based on Debian distribution (GNU / Linux).
To further automate the process of controlling a wheeled vehicle, the promising scheme for the operation of the registration and measuring complex with elements of artificial intelligence was developed, which allows, without the participation of the driver, to carry out the necessary actions to control it and ensure, including operational safety.
The results can be used to assess the suitability and performance of wheeled vehicles.
CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT PRACTICES: AN EVALUATION OF BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Yar Zar Chit  , San Lu 
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate the classroom assessment practices of teachers in Myitkyina Township, Myanmar. A total of 237 teachers from Basic Education High Schools in Myitkyina Township participated in this study. Descriptive research design and survey method were used. An instrument: Teachers’ Classroom Assessment Practices Questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The internal consistency was =0.87. According to the results, the sample mean (193.22) is larger than the theoretical mean (141). Then, it was found that there were significant differences in teachers’ using performance assessment and non-achievement-based grading by gender. Similarly, in the comparison of teachers’ assessment practices by subject, mean score of science teachers was highest and that of art teachers was lowest. Moreover, in the comparison of teachers’ assessment practices by position, mean score of senior teachers was highest and that of primary teachers was lowest in assessment practices. Similarly, in the comparison of teachers’ assessment practices by service, mean score of teachers who have above 30-year service was highest. Finally, this study hopes that the school administrators can get the ideas to recover and promote the teachers’ classroom assessment practices with the cooperation of the experts.
TPACK Prospective Biology Teacher at Muhammadiyah University of Palembang
Authors: Harfian Binar Azwar Anas , Hendra Hendra 
Published: July 2022

<p class="Default">Pembelajaran Abad 21 mengharuskan calon guru biologi mampu mengintegrasikan teknologi, kemampuan pedagogi, dan penguasaan materi dengan baik. Ketiga pengetahuan tersebut saling berinteraksi dan beriringan membentuk <em>Technological, Pedagogical, And Content Knowledge </em>(TPACK). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalam mendeskripsikan kemampuan TPACK mahasiswa calon guru biologi dalam proses pembelajaran biologi melalui kegiatan Pengalaman Lapangan Persekolahan (PLP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan revisi. Pengambilan data dilakukan kepada calon guru biologi yang melaksanakan kegiatan PLP di delapan sekolah di kota Palembang. Instumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar validasi, lembar obsevasi, dan angket. Deskripsi pengetahuan pedagogi mahasiswa termasuk kategori baik. Mahasiswa mampu menerapkan keterampilan mengajar dalam menyampaikan materi dan memfasilitasi proses pembelajaran. Deskripsi pengetahuan konten mahasiswa termasuk kategori cukup baik. Mahasiswa menyajikan materi secara sistematis dan bermuatan <em>higher order thinking</em>. Deskripsi perngetahuan teknologi mahasiswa termasuk kategori kurang baik. Mahasiswa belum sampai menyampaikan materi dalam proses pembelajaran terintegrasi dengan teknologi.</p><p class="Default"> </p>
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Siswa
Authors: Lamut Tekla , Hariyani Sri , Dinnullah Riski Nur Istiqomah 
Published: July 2022

Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD lebih menekankan pada aktivitas dan interaksi antara siswa dalam berprestasi yang maksimal. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Ndoso pada materi bilangan bulat dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berbantuan LKS. Jenis penelitian ini dapat berupa 31 siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Ndoso mengikuti penelitian tindakan kelas sebagai subjek penelitian. Prosedur pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Tahapan analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berikut langkah-langkah model pembelajaran STAD dengan berbantuan lembar kerja siswa: (1) menyampaikan materi, (2) memberikan tes/kuis secara individu, (3) membentuk beberapa kelompok, (4) membimbing siswa dalam menyelesaikan LKS, (5) mempresentasikan hasil kerja kelompok dan (6) memberikan penghargaan. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan hasil tes pada siklus I dan siklus II. Skor rata‑rata siswa mengalami kenaikan dari sebesar 77,41 pada siklus I menjadi sebesar 81,93 pada siklus II. Hasil observasi guru pada siklus I memenuhi kriteria baik dengan skor 72,5%, sedangkan pada siklus II memenuhi kriteria sangat baik dengan skor 90%. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat dinyatakan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) berbantuan LKS meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Ndoso pada materi bilangan bulat.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Dan Prestasi Belajar IPA
Authors: Betan Lukas Hali , Pranata Kurriawan Budi , Jufriadi Akhmad 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan prestasi belajar IPA siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI 6 Malang melalui model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Peneliti memakai metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dan dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Merujuk pada hasil analisis penelitian, keterlaksanaan/pembelajaran siklus/I adalah 75% dan memiliki kualifikasi baik sedangkan siklus II adalah 84,89% berkualifikasi baik. Dari persentase keterampilan proses sains siswa siklus I adalah 73% berkualifikasi cukup baik dan siklus II adalah 83% berkualifikasi baik. Model pembelajaran Discovery Learning mampu mendongkrak prestasi belajar IPA terlihat pada perbandingan rata-rata prestasi belajar pra siklus sebesar 66,89% dengan kualifikasi cukup baik, mengalami peningkatan disiklus I menjadi 70,81% yang berkualifikasi cukup baik, pada siklus II senilai 73,11% yang berkualifikasi cukup baik. Pada ketuntasan belajar, prestasi belajar pra siklus adalah 48,65% memiliki kualifikasi kurang baik, siklus I adalah 62,16% berkualifikasi cukup baik sedangkan siklus II meningkat menjadi 81,08% yang berkualifikasi baik. Merujuk pada hasil penelitian ini, maka bisa disimpulkan bahwa penelitian Model pembelajaran Discovery Learninag mampuh meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan presrasi belajar IPA siswa SMP PGRI 6 Malang
Pengembangan Lkpd Elektronik Menggunakan Aplikasi Live Worksheet Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Pada Siswa Kelas Viii Smpn 17 Malang
Authors: Bombang Viktor , Trija Fayeldi  , Yuniar I.P. Pranyata  
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKPD Elektronik materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar menggunakan aplikasi Live Worksheet pada siswa SMPN 17 Malang berdasarkan asas kevalidan, kepraktisan dan keefektifan. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMPN 17 Malang. Penentuan subjek tersebut dilakukan secara acak yang terdiri dari 6 siswa untuk uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan 20 siswa untuk uji coba lapangan skala besar. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, quisioner dan tes hasil belajar berupa tes tertulis. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aspek kevalidan produk E-LKPD yang dikembangkan diperoleh skor 3,35 dengan persentase 83,82% dari ahli materi, skor 3,27 dengan persentase 81,82% dari ahli pembelajaran dan skor 3,5 dengan persentase 87,5% dari ahli media, sehingga aspek kevalidan termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik dan tidak perlu direvisi. Pada aspek kepraktisan diperoleh skor 3,4 dengan persentase 85,54% dari hasil angket respon peserta didik uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan skor 3,44 dengan persentase 86% hasil angket respon peserta didik uji coba lapangan skala besar, tingkat kepraktisan masuk dalam kategori tinggi. Sedangkan pada aspek keefektifan, diperoleh persentase ketuntasan nilai peserta didik sebesar 90%, mengindikasikan bahwa E-LKPD masuk dalam tingkat keefektifan sangat baik.
The Impact of Online Education System at Student's and Teacher's During Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Karim  , Manahil Hafeez  
Published: July 2022

This study aims to describe the impact of the online education system on students and teachers during the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan. The research method uses qualitative research, namely literature studies by examining the results of previous research related to the implementation of the existing education system in Pakistan. There are several research results to be studied, which provide a description of policies in the implementation of education during the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Data analysis techniques use descriptive qualitative analysis, with reference to Miles & Hubberman's analysis, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the online education system during the covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan, includes 1) the availability of gadgets, insufficient online learning materials, no access or slow internet speed, and the shedding of burdens, this negatively affects the study of students in terms of minimum participation or absence of students and attendance in online classes, 2) online learning cannot produce the desired results in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan, where most students are unable to access the internet due to technical as well as monetary issues, 3) challenges faced by school teachers in providing online lessons through Google Classroom, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams such as high-cost Internet packages, uncooperative learners, low attendance of learners, trust in teacher technology, limited availability of educational resources, lack of ICT knowledge, and poor network infrastructure.
Matrix Injectivity Achieved in Deepwater Gas-Injector Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 208809, “Deepwater Gas-Injector Wells: Overcoming the Challenge of Achieving Matrix Injectivity,” by Cedric Manzoleloua, Chau Nguyen, SPE, and Albert Okhrimenko, SPE, Schlumberger, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
After a successful exploration phase, an opportunity to develop the Guyana Suriname Basin came to fruition. The drilling and completion campaign scope included planned gas-injector wells that required a breaker application for matrix injection. A reversible nonaqueous reservoir drill-in fluid (RDIF) system using a calcium bromide brine as the internal phase and formulated at a 50/50 oil/water ratio (OWR) was selected. The complete paper discusses the results of extensive laboratory tests for the selection, customization of both the RDIF and the delayed breaker, and the field performance of the two fluids.

Introduction
All wells in the field were completed either as openhole gravel-pack or stand-alone screen configurations using inflow control devices (ICDs) or autonomous ICDs (AICDs). The gas-injector wells were completed as standalone completions with ICDs. The primary objective of the gas-injector wells was to put the wells on direct injection with no opportunity to flow back or fracture the formation.
Theoretical Study on Optoelectronic and Various Quantum Chemical Properties of Essential Amino Acids: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lakhera Shradha , Rana Meenakshi Rana , Devlal Kamal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the present work, a theoretical study has been performed targeting essential amino acids (EAA) Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, and predicted their different physical and chemical properties by using computational techniques. Amino acids (AA), a fundamental structural unit of protein are amino and carboxyl-rich compounds having electrophilic and nucleophilic regions in it. The reactivity of AA were determined by computing molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces, counter plots, dipole moment, band gap, global reactivity parameters, and polarizability parameters. Spectral analysis (UV-Vis, Raman) helps in studying their electronic and vibrational properties. The polarizability and first order hyperpolarizability parameters were also computed to detect the nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of AA. The comparison done with reference NLO materials Urea, Phenyl urea, and 3-nitroaniline showed that Phenylalanine have higher hyperpolarizability and can better to be used as a potent NLO material.