bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between ambient air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Dimala Christian Akem , Kadia Benjamin Momo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is inconclusive evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence, tuberculosis-related hospital admission and mortality. This review aimed to assess the extent to which selected air pollutants are associated to PTB incidence, hospital admissions and mortality. This was a systematic review of studies published in English from January 1st, 1946, through May 31st, 2022, that quantitatively assessed the association between PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3 and the incidence of, hospital admission or death from PTB. Medline, Embase, Scopus and The Cochrane Library were searched. Extracted data from eligible studies were analysed using STATA software. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to derive pooled adjusted risk and odds ratios. A total of 24 studies (10 time-series, 5 ecologic, 5 cohort, 2 case–control, 1 case cross-over, 1 cross-sectional) mainly from Asian countries were eligible and involved a total of 437,255 tuberculosis cases. For every 10 μg/m3 increment in air pollutant concentration, there was a significant association between exposure to PM2.5 (pooled aRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.19, p < 0.001, N = 6); PM10 (pooled aRR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, p = 0.022, N = 8); SO2 (pooled aRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12, p < 0.001, N = 9); and the incidence of PTB. There was no association between exposure to CO (pooled aRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.98–1.11, p = 0.211, N = 4); NO2 (pooled aRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99–1.17, p = 0.057, N = 7); O3 (pooled aRR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.02, p = 0.910, N = 6) and the incidence of PTB. There was no association between the investigated air pollutants and mortality or hospital admissions due to PTB. Overall quality of evidence was graded as low (GRADE approach). Exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 air pollutants was found to be associated with an increased incidence of PTB, while exposure to CO, NO2 and O3 was not. There was no observed association between exposure to these air pollutants and hospital admission or mortality due to PTB. The quality of the evidence generated, however, remains low. Addressing the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030 as per the 4th Sustainable Development Goal may require a more rigorous exploration of this association.
Effect of linguistic framing and information provision on attitudes towards induced seismicity and seismicity regulation
Authors: Evensen Darrick , Varley Adam , Whitmarsh Lorraine , Devine-Wright Patrick , Dickie Jen , Bartie Phil , Napier Hazel , Mosca Ilaria , Foad Colin , Ryder Stacia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShale gas is an expanding energy source worldwide, yet ‘fracking’ remains controversial. Amongst public concerns is induced seismicity (tremors). The UK had the most stringent induced seismicity regulations in the world, prior to instating a moratorium on shale gas development. The Government cited induced seismicity as the key rationale for its November 2019 English moratorium. Yet, little is known about how the public perceives induced seismicity, whether they support regulatory change, or how framing and information provision affect perceptions. Across three waves of a longitudinal experimental UK survey (N = 2777; 1858; 1439), we tested whether framing of induced seismicity influences support for changing regulations. The surveys compared (1) quantitative versus qualitative framings, (2) information provision about regulatory limits in other countries and (3) seismicity from other industries, and (4) framing a seismic event as an ‘earthquake’ or something else. We find low support for changing current policy, and that framing and information provision made little difference to this. The one strong influence on perceptions of seismic events came from the type of activity causing the event; shale gas extraction clearly led to the most negative reactions. We discuss implications for future UK policy on shale gas and geothermal energy in an evolving energy landscape.
Planar, wide-band omnidirectional retroreflector using metal-only transmitarray structure for TE and TM polarizations
Authors: Pesarakloo Ali , Khalaj-amirhosseini Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel planar and wideband metal-only retroreflector is proposed that efficiently reflects the obliquely incident electromagnetic wave along its incident direction in omnidirectional angle range. The means of omnidirectional is the capability of retroreflectivity in all azimuth angles $$(\varphi_{i} )$$

(

φ
i

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and in a wide elevation angle $$(\theta_{i} )$$

(

θ
i

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range. The proposed structure consists of a symmetrical transmitarray structure with beam scanning capability in which a metal plate is placed instead of the feed. The transmitarray is designed by using the generalized multifocal approach in which the beam scanning capability is possible via feed displacement and the phase of the elements has azimuthal symmetry that causes omnidirectional property. Now by placing a metal plate at the location of feed displacement and provided that the focused waves are nearly perpendicular to the metal plate, the plane wave is reflected back along its incident direction i.e. the retroreflectivity property is obtained. The proposed retroreflector simulated by CST STUDIO software and fabricated with laser cut technology. The results of measurement show an omnidirectional retroreflectivity with half-power (3-dB RCS level) elevation field of view of 60° (− 30° to 30°) in the frequency range of 8.5–10 GHz (approximately 17%) for both TE and TM polarization.
A propensity score-adjusted analysis of efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygen during awake tracheal intubation
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Min-Soo , Kim So Yeon , Min In Kyung , Park Wyun Kon , Song Sei Han , Shin Dongkwan , Kim Hyun Joo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxygen supplementation is crucial for awake tracheal intubation (ATI) using a flexible bronchoscope in patients with an anticipated difficult airway. However, the modality of optimal oxygen delivery remains unclear. This retrospective study compared high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and conventional low-flow oxygen supply during ATI. We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to account for biases due to clinical characteristic differences between the groups. The primary endpoint was the lowest oxygen saturation during ATI. The secondary endpoints were incidence of desaturation, multiple attempts, failure rate, and procedural duration. After IPTW adjustment, the lowest oxygen saturation in the HFNO group during ATI was significantly higher than that in the conventional oxygenation group (99.3 ± 0.2 vs. 97.5 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). Moreover, the HFNO group had fewer cases with multiple attempts than the conventional oxygenation group (3% vs. 16%, P = 0.007). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of desaturation, failure and procedural duration. Our findings suggest that HFNO was associated with improved lowest oxygen saturation and a lower rate of multiple attempts during ATI. Therefore, we recommend using HFNO for safer oxygen delivery and improved quality of procedure during ATI.
Antimicrobial strategy for targeted elimination of different microbes, including bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens
Authors: Mitsunaga Makoto , Ito Kimihiro , Nishimura Takashi , Miyata Hironori , Miyakawa Kei , Morita Takeshi , Ryo Akihide , Kobayashi Hisataka , Mizunoe Yoshimitsu , Iwase Tadayuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe continuous emergence of microbial pathogens for which there are no effective antimicrobials threatens global health, necessitating novel antimicrobial approaches. Here, we present a targeted antimicrobial strategy that can be applied to various microbial pathogens. A photoimmuno-conjugate composed of an antibody against the target pathogen and a photoplastic phthalocyanine-derivative probe that generates photo-induced mechanical stress was developed based on photoimmuno-technology. This strategy, named as photoimmuno-antimicrobial strategy (PIAS), eliminates targeted pathogens, regardless of the target species or drug-resistance status. Specifically, PIAS acts on a broad range of microbes, including the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, fungal pathogen Candida albicans, including their drug-resistant strains, and viral pathogen SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Furthermore, PIAS protects mice from fatal infections without damaging the non-targeted host microbiota and tissues. This study may contribute to the development of next-generation anti-infective therapies.
Nano pom-poms prepared exosomes enable highly specific cancer biomarker detection
Authors: He Nan , Thippabhotla Sirisha , Zhong Cuncong , Greenberg Zachary , Xu Liang , Pessetto Ziyan , Godwin Andrew K. , Zeng Yong , He Mei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034454). The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation.
Exercise-induced CITED4 expression is necessary for regional remodeling of cardiac microstructural tissue helicity
Authors: Eder Robert A. , van den Boomen Maaike , Yurista Salva R. , Rodriguez-Aviles Yaiel G. , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Chen Yin-Ching Iris , Trager Lena , Coll-Font Jaume , Cheng Leo , Li Haobo , Rosenzweig Anthony , Wrann Christiane D. , Nguyen Christopher T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBoth exercise-induced molecular mechanisms and physiological cardiac remodeling have been previously studied on a whole heart level. However, the regional microstructural tissue effects of these molecular mechanisms in the heart have yet to be spatially linked and further elucidated. We show in exercised mice that the expression of CITED4, a transcriptional co-regulator necessary for cardioprotection, is regionally heterogenous in the heart with preferential significant increases in the lateral wall compared with sedentary mice. Concordantly in this same region, the heart’s local microstructural tissue helicity is also selectively increased in exercised mice. Quantification of CITED4 expression and microstructural tissue helicity reveals a significant correlation across both sedentary and exercise mouse cohorts. Furthermore, genetic deletion of CITED4 in the heart prohibits regional exercise-induced microstructural helicity remodeling. Taken together, CITED4 expression is necessary for exercise-induced regional remodeling of the heart’s microstructural helicity revealing how a key molecular regulator of cardiac remodeling manifests into downstream local tissue-level changes.
Neoadjuvant study of niraparib in patients with HER2-negative, BRCA-mutated, resectable breast cancer
Authors: Spring Laura M. , Han Hyo , Liu Minetta C. , Hamilton Erika , Irie Hanna , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Reeves James , Pan Peng , Shan Ming , Tang Yongqiang , Graham Julie R. , Hazard Sebastien , Ellisen Leif W. , Isakoff Steven J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis single-arm pilot study (NCT03329937) evaluated neoadjuvant niraparib antitumor activity and safety in patients with localized HER2-negative, BRCA-mutated breast cancer. Twenty-one patients received niraparib 200 mg once daily in 28-day cycles. After 2 cycles, tumor response (≥30% reduction from baseline) by MRI was 90.5% and 40.0% (6 of 15) of patients who received only niraparib (2–6 cycles) had pathological complete response; no new safety signals were identified. High niraparib intratumoral concentration was observed.
The Complementary Value of Absolute Coronary Flow in the Assessment of Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: Aubiniere-Robb Louise , Gosling Rebecca , Taylor Daniel J. , Newman Tom , Hose D. Rodney , Halliday Ian , Lawford Patricia V. , Narracott Andrew J. , Gunn Julian P. , Morris Paul D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFractional flow reserve (FFR) is the current gold standard invasive assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). FFR reports coronary blood flow (CBF) as a fraction of a hypothetical and unknown normal value. Although used routinely to diagnose CAD and guide treatment, how accurately FFR predicts actual CBF changes remains unknown. In this study, we compared fractional CBF with absolute CBF (aCBF, in ml min−1), measured with a computational method during standard angiography and pressure wire assessment, on 203 diseased arteries (143 patients). We found a substantial correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.89 and Cohen’s kappa = 0.71). Concordance between fractional and absolute CBF reduction was high when FFR was >0.80 (91%) but reduced when FFR was ≤0.80 (81%), 0.70–0.80 (68%) and, particularly, 0.75–0.80 (62%). Discordance was associated with coronary microvascular resistance, vessel diameter and mass of myocardium subtended, all factors to which FFR is agnostic. Assessment of aCBF complements FFR and may be valuable to assess CBF, particularly in cases within the FFR ‘gray zone’.
Capability of Au nano-rhombic dodecahedra in a label-free colorimetric assay: application in the determination of S2− and Hg2+
Authors: Shi Yali , Chen Qianyuan , Liu Yuejun , Wang Guoqing 
Published: July 2022

Au nano-rhombic dodecahedra with high sensitivity to the environmental refractive index afford sensitive detection of S2- and Hg2+.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of breast cancer susceptibility
Authors: Shalabi Sundus F. , LaBarge Mark A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is a plethora of recognized risk factors for breast cancer (BC) with poorly understood or speculative biological mechanisms. The lack of prevention options highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic basis of cancer susceptibility and finding new targets for breast cancer prevention. Until now, we have understood risk and cancer susceptibility primarily through the application of epidemiology and assessing outcomes in large human cohorts. Relative risks are assigned to various human behaviors and conditions, but in general the associations are weak and there is little understanding of mechanism. Aging is by far the greatest risk factor for BC, and there are specific forms of inherited genetic risk that are well-understood to cause BC. We propose that bringing focus to the biology underlying these forms of risk will illuminate biological mechanisms of BC susceptibility.
Design and implementation of a parametric battery emulator based on a power converter
Authors: Li Ruihua , Ji Yunqiu , Fu Yiyang , Hu Bo , Hu Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReal batteries used for the performance testing and evaluation of the drive systems of electric vehicles (EVs) are being replaced by battery emulators (BEs) because of the high test costs, long test cycles, and difficulty in adapting to extreme operating conditions associated with the use of real batteries. A parametric BE for a lithium‐ion battery based on a voltage source converter is presented. First, a Thevenin model of the battery is established, and a parameter identification method is proposed to obtain the relationship between the parameters of the battery model and the characteristics of the external electrical port (i.e. I–V characteristics) of the battery. Subsequently, based on the I–V characteristics, the topological structure of the power electronic device of the BE is designed, and the working modes under charging and discharging conditions are presented. Finally, an experimental prototype of the BE is designed and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed BE power converter can successfully simulate the external port voltage and current characteristics of the battery, which can replace the real battery to provide an effective test environment for the test and evaluation of the electric drive system of EVs.
Transient stability enhancement in multiple‐microgrid networks by cloud energy storage system alongside considering protection system limitations
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Yazdaninejadi Amin , Golshannavaz Sajjad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe gas turbine synchronous generators (GTSGs) are widely deployed as distributed generations (DGs) in countries with massive natural gas production owing to their low prices. However, due to the low inertia time constants of these synchronous‐based DGs, they are more susceptible to power grid faults which stands as a transient stability issue in networks with multiple microgrids (MGs). On the other hand, the cloud energy storage system (CESS) is a new concept that centralizes the individual distributed energy storage of one or more MGs. Here, the employment of CESS with synchronverter grid connections creates a suitable opportunity for improving the transient stability of the network by providing higher inertia. This is while the fault current contribution of the synchronverter‐based CESS imperils protection constraints in these networks. Therefore, a proper protection coordination index (PCI) is considered in the conducted study to identify the optimal size of the synchronverter‐based CESS through a two‐stage optimization algorithm that preserves the protection constraints among protective devices. Finally, the transient stability of the network with synchronverter‐based CESS is assayed by calculation of the critical clearing time (CCT) for faults. Numerical studies are carried out on the IEEE 33‐bus test system. Results are discussed in depth.
Maximum power point tracking‐based model predictive control with reduced sensor count for PV applications
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa , Harbi Ibrahim , Hackl Christoph M. , Kennel Ralph , Rodriguez Jose , Abdelrahem Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the MPPT based on finite‐set model predictive control (FS‐MPC) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Generally, the FS‐MPC implementation needs more sensors in comparison with the traditional methods due to the existence of the prediction stage. However, it has a fast transient behaviour in case of fast‐changing atmospheric conditions. Thus, to make benefit from the FS‐MPC principle without increasing the system’s cost, two algorithms are developed to reduce the number of required sensors without altering the efficiency. First, an accurate model of the PV system including the losses is derived, which enables estimation of the output capacitor voltage. Another approach utilizing an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed. The EKF takes advantage of the derived model of the system and estimates the PV current. In addition, practical PV system applications are considered to have an estimate for cost reduction with the proposed methods. The proposed methodologies are compared with the conventional FS‐MPC with full sensor utilization, where analysis and evaluation of the current‐ and voltage‐oriented FS‐MPC methods are presented. Moreover, robustness assessment of the proposed algorithms with sensor reduction against parameter variation is examined. All studied methods are validated in simulation and experimentally at different operating conditions.
Feasibility study, economic analysis and energy management of hybrid energy system in Fiji, Iceland: A case study
Authors: Karami Mohammad , Zadehbagheri Mahmoud , Kiani Mohammad Javad , Nejatian Samad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the continuous development of the global economy, energy consumption continues to grow, which leads to the increasing scarcity of traditional fossil fuels and exacerbates environmental pollution and global warming. According to the heavy fossil fuel dependency of Fiji energy systems, the Fiji government has advised industries to use more renewable energy facilities. MATLAB software is applied for economic assessment and optimization. The case study is about a water factory in Fiji. The break‐even point and power generation of various power sources in different scenarios for hybrid renewable power generation systems are investigated. The simulation results indicate that the suggested systems have a break‐even point from 4.47 to 4.57 years. The suggested systems achieve a cost of energy (COE) value of $0.253–0.27.
Non-LTE abundance corrections for late-type stars from 2000 Å to 3 µm
Authors: Lind K. , Nordlander T. , Wehrhahn A. , Montelius M. , Osorio Y. , Barklem P. S. , Afşar M. , Sneden C. , Kobayashi C. 
Published: July 2022

Context. It is well known that cool star atmospheres depart from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Making an accurate abundance determination requires taking those effects into account, but the necessary non-LTE (hereafter NLTE) calculations are often lacking.
Aims. Our goal is to provide detailed estimates of NLTE effects for FGK type stars for all spectral lines from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near infrared (NIR) that are potentially useful as abundance diagnostics. The first paper in this series focusses on the light elements Na, Mg, and Al.
Methods. The code PySME was used to compute curves of growth for 2158 MARCS model atmospheres in the parameter range 3800 < Teff < 8000 K, 0.0 < log(g) < 5.5, and −5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5. Two microturbulence values, 1 and 2 kms−1, and nine abundance points spanning −1 < [X/Fe] < 1 for element X, are used to construct individual line curves of growth by calculating the equivalent widths of 35 Na lines, 134 Mg lines, and 34 Al lines. The lines were selected in the wavelength range between 2000 Å and 3 µm.
Results. We demonstrate the power of the new grids with LTE and NLTE abundance analysis by means of equivalent width measurements of five benchmark stars; the Sun, Arcturus, HD 84937, HD 140283 and HD 122563. For Na, the NLTE abundances are lower than in LTE and show markedly reduced line-to-line scatter in the metal-poor stars. For Mg, we confirm previous reports of a significant ~0.25 dex LTE ionisation imbalance in metal-poor stars that is only slightly improved in NLTE (~0.18 dex). LTE abundances based on Mg II lines agree better with models of Galactic chemical evolution. For Al, NLTE calculations strongly reduce an ~0.6 dex ionisation imbalance seen in LTE for the metal-poor stars. The abundance corrections presented in this work are in good agreement with previous studies for the subset of lines that overlap, with the exception of strongly saturated lines.
Conclusions. A consensus between different abundance diagnostics is the most powerful tool available to stellar spectroscopists to assess the accuracy of the models. Here we report that NLTE abundance analysis in general leads to improved agreement, in particular for metal-poor stars. The residual scatter is believed to be caused mainly by unresolved blends and/or poor atomic data, with the notable exception of Mg, which calls for further investigation.