bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in People Previously Vaccinated Against Influenza: Population-Based Cohort Study Using Primary Health Care Electronic Records
Authors: Giner-Soriano Maria , de Dios Vanessa , Ouchi Dan , Vilaplana-Carnerero Carles , Monteagudo Mònica , Morros Rosa 
Published: October 2022

Background
A possible link between influenza immunization and susceptibility to the complications of COVID-19 infection has been previously suggested owing to a boost in the immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with COVID-19 could have benefited from vaccination against influenza. We hypothesized that the immunity resulting from the previous influenza vaccination would boost part of the immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
We performed a population-based cohort study including all patients with COVID-19 with registered entries in the primary health care (PHC) electronic records during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) in Catalonia, Spain. We compared individuals who took an influenza vaccine before being infected with COVID-19, with those who had not taken one. Data were obtained from Information System for Research in Primary Care, capturing PHC information of 5.8 million people from Catalonia. The main outcomes assessed during follow-up were a diagnosis of pneumonia, hospital admission, and mortality.

Results
We included 309,039 individuals with COVID-19 and compared them on the basis of their influenza immunization status, with 114,181 (36.9%) having been vaccinated at least once and 194,858 (63.1%) having never been vaccinated. In total, 21,721 (19%) vaccinated individuals and 11,000 (5.7%) unvaccinated individuals had at least one of their outcomes assessed. Those vaccinated against influenza at any time (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.19), recently (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.18), or recurrently (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15) before being infected with COVID-19 had a higher risk of presenting at least one of the outcomes than did unvaccinated individuals. When we excluded people living in long-term care facilities, the results were similar.

Conclusions
We could not establish a protective role of the immunity conferred by the influenza vaccine on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection, as the risk of COVID-19 complications was higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated individuals. Our results correspond to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, where more complications and mortalities due to COVID-19 had occurred. Despite that, our study adds more evidence for the analysis of a possible link between the quality of immunity and COVID-19 outcomes, particularly in the PHC setting.
Digital Connectedness in the Jackson Heart Study: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Anugu Pramod , Ansari Md Abu Yusuf , Min Yuan-I , Benjamin Emelia J , Murabito Joanne , Winters Karen , Turner Erica , Correa Adolfo 
Published: October 2022

Background
Although new approaches for data collection, such as mobile technology and teleresearch, have demonstrated new opportunities for the conduct of more timely and less costly surveys in community-based studies, literature on the feasibility of conducing cardiovascular disease research using mobile health (mHealth) platforms among middle-aged and older African Americans has been limited.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge regarding the penetrance of internet and mobile technologies, such as cellphones or smartphones in existing large cohort studies of cardiovascular disease.

Methods
A digital connectedness survey was conducted in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a Mississippi-based African American cohort study, as part of the annual follow-up calls with participants from July 2017 to February 2019.

Results
Of the 4024 participants contacted, 2564 (63.7%) completed the survey. Among survey respondents, 2262 (88.2%) reported use of internet or cellphone, and 1593 (62.1%) had a smartphone. Compared to nonusers (n=302), internet or cellphone users (n=2262) were younger (mean age 80.1, SD 8.0 vs 68.2, SD 11.3 years), more likely to be affluent (n=778, 40.1% vs n=39, 15.4%), and had greater than high school education (n=1636, 72.5% vs n=85, 28.1%). Internet or cellphone users were less likely to have cardiovascular disease history compared to nonusers (136/2262, 6.6% vs 41/302, 15.8%). The prevalence of current smoking and average BMI were similar between internet or cellphone users and nonusers. Among internet or cellphone users, 1316 (58.3%) reported use of email, 504 (22.3%) reported use of apps to track or manage health, and 1269 (56.1%) expressed interest in using JHS-developed apps.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that it is feasible to use mHealth technologies to collect survey data among African Americans already enrolled in a longitudinal study. Our findings also highlight the need for more efforts to reduce the age and education divide in access and use of internet and smartphones for tracking health and research in African American communities.
Association of Continuously Measured Vital Signs With Respiratory Insufficiency in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: van Goor Harriet M R , Vernooij Lisette M , Breteler Martine J M , Kalkman Cor J , Kaasjager Karin A H , van Loon Kim 
Published: October 2022

Background
Continuous monitoring of vital signs has the potential to assist in the recognition of deterioration of patients admitted to the general ward. However, methods to efficiently process and use continuously measured vital sign data remain unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore methods to summarize continuously measured vital sign data and evaluate their association with respiratory insufficiency in COVID-19 patients at the general ward.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients admitted to a designated COVID-19 cohort ward equipped with continuous vital sign monitoring. We collected continuously measured data of respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. For each patient, 7 metrics to summarize vital sign data were calculated: mean, slope, variance, occurrence of a threshold breach, number of episodes, total duration, and area above/under a threshold. These summary measures were calculated over timeframes of either 4 or 8 hours, with a pause between the last data point and the endpoint (the “lead”) of 4, 2, 1, or 0 hours, and with 3 predefined thresholds per vital sign. The association between each of the summary measures and the occurrence of respiratory insufficiency was calculated using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Of the 429 patients that were monitored, 334 were included for analysis. Of these, 66 (19.8%) patients developed respiratory insufficiency. Summarized continuously measured vital sign data in timeframes close to the endpoint showed stronger associations than data measured further in the past (ie, lead 0 vs 1, 2, or 4 hours), and summarized estimates over 4 hours of data had stronger associations than estimates taken over 8 hours of data. The mean was consistently strongly associated with respiratory insufficiency for the three vital signs: in a 4-hour timeframe without a lead, the standardized odds ratio for heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation was 2.59 (99% CI 1.74-4.04), 5.05 (99% CI 2.87-10.03), and 3.16 (99% CI 1.78-6.26), respectively. The strength of associations of summary measures varied per vital sign, timeframe, and lead.

Conclusions
The mean of a vital sign showed a relatively strong association with respiratory insufficiency for the majority of vital signs and timeframes. The type of vital sign, length of the timeframe, and length of the lead influenced the strength of associations. Highly associated summary measures and their combinations could be used in a clinical prediction score or algorithm for an automatic alarm system.
Pre-dispersal seed removal of fleshy fruits and Quercus coccifera (Fagaceae) acorns in a recently burned Mediterranean habitat.
Authors: Jones Gabriela , Bas Josep , Pons Pere 
Published: October 2022

Pre-dispersal seed removal of fleshy fruits and Quercus coccifera (Fagaceae) acorns in a recently burned Mediterranean habitat. The seed fate in early successional habitats can determine plant composition and regeneration capacity after disturbance. Pre-dispersal seed removal has been poorly studied in Mediterranean habitats, especially in burned and logged habitats. We assessed it for two years in pine forests with experiments excluding vertebrates from fleshy fruits (infructescences of Smilax aspera and Rubia peregrina) and acorns (branches of Quercus coccifera). We compared one unburned and one burned area (control). Acorn removal was nil in the burned area while in the unburned habitat seed removal occurred from the beginning of the experiments. It is suggested that the greater vegetation cover in the unburned area shelter rodents from predators and increased their activity. In contrast, reduced cover in the burned area and the occurrence of gnawed acorns on the ground suggest acorn removal by rodents mainly in the post-dispersive stage. Smilax aspera seed removal was slower, and total loss of fruits due to senescence higher, in the burned area. Seed removal appears to be conditioned by interannual variations related to the activity and density of granivores and frugivores, the availability of fleshy fruits, and the maturation of fruits. In post-fire managed areas the role of granivores and frugivores in the regeneration process should be taken into account.
Clinical and Non-Clinical Predictors of Length of Stay in Indonesian hospitalized COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Patients
Authors: Palipadang Matra Novalia , Manggau Marianti A. , Bahar Muh. Akbar 
Published: October 2022

Background: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze potential predictors of length of hospitalization (length of stay/ LOS) of COPD patients in the Anutapura Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Material and Methods: This study is an analytical descriptive using a cross-sectional design. The data were collected from medical records of COPD patients at Anutapura Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province, during 2018-2021. Information about demographic data (age, gender, weight), clinical data (comorbidities, single/combination antibiotics, route of antibiotic administration, type of antibiotics, oxygen therapy, history of hospital admission due to pneumonia, with/without exacerbations), and non-clinical data (type of insurance and treatment class) were extracted. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the predictors of LOS. Results: A total of 210 COPD patients were identified. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were several potential predictors of LOS in COPD patients (p < 0.25), namely: age (B: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.05), treatment class (B: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.01-2.33), exacerbation (B: 0.55, 95% CI: -0.24-1.35), comorbidities (B: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.25-1.12), and single/combination antibiotics (B: 1.43, 95% CI: 0.33- 2.54). The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that the older (B: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06, p = 0.02) COPD patients and the more comorbidities (B: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.07-1.00, p = 0.02) that they had, the longer the LOS that they experienced. Conclusions: In this study, age and patient comorbidities are independent predictors of LOS in COPD patients in the Anutapura Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
Evaluating the impact of visual course outlines in the Faculty of Science at McMaster University (2 April 2022)
Authors: Dong-Hamilton Olivia , Silver Adina , Moisse Katie 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Course outlines are instrumental to a student’s
success in post-secondary education. We argue that there are fundamental
issues with the current state of course outlines at McMaster University.
As a result, students often miss important information. To address these
issues, we created scannable visual course outlines using UI/UX design
principles that aimed to reduce the time students spend finding specific
information and to increase comprehension for each specific component of
the course outline.
Methods Through a single-blind interventional randomised
control trial, we explored differences between the standard and visual
course outline in terms of speed and comprehension among McMaster
students. We also captured key perceptions of each course outline as
described by the students through a thematic analysis.
Results Participants in the intervention group (n = 84) found
that the visual course outline was quicker to locate all components,
easier to understand, and quicker to understand than the control group
(n = 91) that received the standard course outline (all p <
0.05). The intervention group found the visual course outline more
appealing and expressed they were more likely to refer back to it during
a semester (all p < 0.05). The intervention group also had
more positive sentiments toward the visual course outline than the
control group had toward the standard.
Conclusions Visual course outlines help increase knowledge
synthesis, understanding, and perceptions of the course content. We
recommend that other faculties at McMaster University and other
universities adopt visual course outlines to further support student
learning.
Patient-reported outcomes of slow vs rapid miniscrew-supported maxillary expansion in adolescents: secondary outcomes of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yacout Yomna M. , Abdalla Essam M. , El Harouny Nadia M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare patient-reported experience between a Penn expander activated every other day vs twice daily.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients aged 12–16 years with transverse maxillary deficiency were recruited from the outpatient clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (February 2019–December 2020). They were randomly allocated to two groups using block randomization (block size of six) and an allocation ratio of 1:1, which was concealed using opaque, sealed, sequentially numbered envelopes. Both groups received Penn expanders anchored by four palatal miniscrews. The slow maxillary expansion (SME) group activated the appliance once every other day. The rapid maxillary expansion (RME) group activated the appliance twice daily. Outcome measures were pain, pressure, headache, dizziness, speech difficulty, chewing difficulty, and swallowing difficulty scores rated by the participants on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) at the following four time points: before appliance insertion (t1), after first activation (t2), after 1 week of activation (t3), and after last activation (t4).ResultsData of 24 patients in the SME group (n = 12, mean age = 14.30 ± 1.37 years) and RME group (n = 12, mean age = 15.07 ± 1.59 years) were analyzed. Median scores for all outcomes were in the bottom quartiles of the NRS. No difference was found between the two groups at t1 or t2. Significantly higher scores for all variables, except dizziness and headache, were reported in the RME group at t4.ConclusionsActivation of miniscrew-supported expanders resulted in mild to moderate discomfort and functional limitation. Slow activation resulted in a better overall patient experience compared with rapid activation.
Trends in prescriptions of cardio-protective diabetic agents after coronary artery bypass grafting among US Veterans
Authors: Deo Salil V , McAllister David A , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Elgudin Yakov , Chu Danny , Pell Jill , Sattar Naveed 
Published: October 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are at risk of cardiovascular events. SGLT2i and GLP-1RA are effective cardio-protective agents, however, their prescription among CABG patients is uncertain.</p>
<p>Methods: We analyzed the nationwide Veteran Affairs database (2016 – 2019) to report trends and factors associated with SGLT2i or GLP1RA prescription after CABG. </p>
<p>Results: Among 5,109 patients operated at 40 different VA medical centers, 525/5109 (10.4%), 352/5109 (6.8%) and 91/5109 (1.8%) were prescribed SGLT2i, GLP-1RA and both respectively. Substantial increase in the quarterly SGLPT2i prescription rates (1.6% (2016Q1), 33% (2019Q4)) was present; less so for GLP-1RA (0.8% (2016Q1), 11.2% (2019Q4)). SGLT2i use was less likely with pre-existing vascular disease (OR 0.75-95%CI-[0.75,0.94]) or kidney disease (OR 0.72-95%CI-[0.58,0.88]), while GLP-1RA use was associated with obesity (OR 1.91-95%CI-[1.50,2.46]). </p>
<p>Conclusion: The overall utilization of SGLT2i or GLP-1RA drugs in US Veterans with T2DM undergoing CABG is low, with SGLT2i preferred over GLP-1RA. </p>
The antipsychotic dopamine 2 receptor antagonist diphenylbutylpiperidines improve glycemia in experimental obesity by inhibiting succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase
Authors: Dakhili Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei , Greenwell Amanda A. , Yang Kunyan , Farraj Rabih Abou , Saed Christina T. , Gopal Keshav , Chan Jordan S. F. , Chahade Jadin J. , Eaton Farah , Lee Crystal , Velazquez-Martinez Carlos A. , Crawford Peter A. , Glover J. N. Mark , Batran Rami Al , Ussher John R. 
Published: October 2022

<p>Despite significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), it remains difficult to manage. Hence, new therapeutic options targeting unique mechanisms of action are required. We have previously observed that elevated skeletal muscle succinyl CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone oxidation, contributes to the hyperglycemia characterizing obesity and T2D. Moreover, we identified that the typical antipsychotic agent, pimozide, is a SCOT inhibitor that can alleviate obesity-induced hyperglycemia. We have now extended those observations herein, using computer-assisted <em>in silico</em> modelling and <em>in vivo</em> pharmacology studies that highlight SCOT as a noncanonical target shared amongst the diphenylbutylpiperidine (DPBP) drug class, which includes penfluridol and fluspirilene. All 3 DPBPs tested (pimozide, penfluridol, and fluspirilene) improved glycemia in obese mice. While the canonical target of the DPBPs is the dopamine 2 receptor, studies in obese mice demonstrated that acute or chronic treatment with a structurally unrelated antipsychotic dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, lurasidone, was devoid of glucose-lowering actions. We further observed that the DPBPs improved glycemia in a SCOT-dependent manner in skeletal muscle, suggesting that this older class of antipsychotic agents may have utility in being repurposed for the treatment of T2D. </p>
Denne gangen er det annerledes. En studie av børskrakket i 1987 i to norske aviser
Authors: Fonn Birgitte Kjos 
Published: October 2022

Dette kapittelet er en studie av dekningen av børskrakket i 1987 i to store norske aviser. På det tidspunktet krakket fant sted, var både norsk politikk og presse i endring. Markedet hadde over noen år fått betraktelig større betydning i den norske blandingsøkonomien, samtidig som toneangivende nye medier var åpne markedsforkjempere.
Kapittelet er basert på rammeverket som ble brukt i en studie publisert av Bjerke og Fonn i 2015, som tok for seg finanskrisen og dens etterdønninger i de samme to avisene – Aftenposten og Dagbladet. Denne studien var igjen inspirert av Baldwin van Gorp og Robert Entman. I artikkelen om finanskrisen spurte Bjerke og Fonn om det var mulig å identifisere to forskjellige måter å vurdere økonomiske kriser og krakk på – to forskjellige «rammepakker» – og om dekningen var dominert av en såkalt «nyliberalistisk» eller en «kasinokapitalistisk» forståelse. I den første vil et krakk bli betraktet som en midlertidig korreksjon i et marked som snart vil oppnå likevekt, mens i en kasinokapitalistisk ramme vil det bli pekt på de grunnleggende ustabile og mulig langsiktige effektene av uregulerte markeder.
I dette kapittelet stiller forfatteren de samme spørsmålene på nytt til et 20 år eldre materiale, til et krakk som fant sted mens deregulering og internasjonalisering var relativt nye fenomener i den norske offentligheten, og 1990-tallets skjellsettende bankkrise ennå ikke hadde funnet sted. Men var allmennmediene allerede påvirket av den nye økonomipressen og den fremvoksende markedsideologien, i måten de valgte ut tematikk, vinkler og kilder på?
PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AKUNTANSI DENGAN PENDEKATAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Yofeigo Aylincia Excelina , Tiara Tiara , Kantun Sri 
Published: October 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic since April 2020 in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia No. 4 of 2020 caused a paradigm shift in learning activities from conventional to online systems. SMKN 1 Jember is one of the schools that implement the system, especially in accounting subjects. This study aims to determine the perception of class X Accounting students on the use of Google Classroom in online accounting learning with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. This type of research uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. Data collection methods used are questionnaires, interviews, documents and observations. The data analysis method uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS version 3.3.2 data measurement. The results showed that H1: perceived ease of use on perceptions of usefulness in the use of Google Classroom had a significant effect of 69.5%, H2: perceived usefulness on attitudes to using Google Classroom had a significant effect of 88.8%, H3: perceived ease of use on Attitude to use Google Classroom has no significant effect at 7%, H4: Attitude to use Google Classroom has a significant effect at 71.7% and H5: intention to use Google Classroom has a significant effect at 84.2%. Of all the hypothesis testing has a significant effect. However, there is one hypothesis that does not provide usefulness and benefits in its use, then H3 shows a negative result. Therefore, further research is needed regarding the perception of ease of use on usage attitudes in the use of Google Classroom.
Sialic acid: an attractive biomarker with promising biomedical applications
Authors: Doostkam Aida , Malekmakan Leila , Hosseinpour Alireza , Janfeshan Sahar , Roozbeh Jamshid , Masjedi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This broad, narrative review highlights the roles of sialic acids as acidic sugars found on cellular membranes. The role of sialic acids in cellular communication and development has been well established. Recently, attention has turned to the fundamental role of sialic acids in many diseases, including viral infections, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, diabetic nephropathy, and malignancies. Sialic acid may be a target for developing new drugs to treat various cancers and inflammatory processes. We recommend the routine measurement of serum sialic acid as a sensitive inflammatory marker in various diseases.