bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Pineapple Wine by using Different Concentration of Sugar (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Mishra Saket , Tarafdar Mithun , Vishen Gaurav Singh 
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments & four replications. The treatments were T1 (pineapple juice (700ml) + Beetroot extract (35gm) + 20° brix + Beetroot extract (35gm) wine yeast (0.133%), T2 (pineapple juice (700ml) + Beetroot extract (35gm) + 25° brix + wine yeast (0.133%), T3 (pineapple juice (700ml) + Beetroot extract (35gm) + 30° brix + wine yeast (0.133%), T4 (pineapple juice (700ml) + Beetroot extract (35gm) + 35° brix + wine yeast (0.133%), T5 (pineapple juice (700ml) + Beetroot extract (35gm) + 40° brix + wine yeast (0.133%) Total soluble solids, pH and Specific Gravity decreased while the alcohol content, Acidity and the Sensory Qualities increased with increasing length of fermentation. From the above treatments, it is concluded that treatment T4 was found superior in respect of the parameters like Total Soluble Solids, Acidity, pH, Alcohol content, Specific gravity. With respectively Color and Appearance, Taste, Aroma and Overall acceptability also T4 was found best. In terms of economical evaluation, Net return and cost benefit ratio was found best in treatment T4. Since Pineapples contains good sugar proportion which makes it suitable for wine making, while beetroot contains huge amounts of biologically active substances and commonly used in manufacturing as a food coloring agent, the production of wine from this fruit can help increase wine variety and reduce post-harvest losses. This study showed that acceptable wine can be produced from pineapple using yeast especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Neglected Tropical Diseases of Public Health Importance in India: Current Status and the Way Ahead
Authors: Rai Vikramaditya 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In global health, critical challenges have erupted from infectious diseases, including the emergence and re-emergence of old and new infectious diseases. This is directly attributed to rapid human development including massive demographic changes, increasing population, and environmental degradation to name a few. Despite tremendous advances in the health of its citizens who live below the poverty line, India bears a disproportionately high burden of neglected tropical diseases with over half of the 20 WHO classified neglected tropical diseases at endemic levels. In a global fight against these diseases, India occupies a unique place as a country that despite being deeply affected by these devastating and deadly illnesses, also holds solutions on how innovation might eliminate these ancient maladies.
Aims and Objectives: The present article reviews the common neglected tropical diseases of India, their magnitude and current status with respect to interventions for their control, challenges in the path of their elimination and the comprehensive all-inclusive approaches that can be adopted to curb the tropical disease burden of the Indian sub-continent.
Methodology: The present study is literature review. PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched using the key words “ neglected tropical diseases”, “infectious diseases”, “treatment of tropical diseases” and their MeSH terms in any possible combination using the logical operators “AND” and “OR”. The reference list of all the studies was screened to identify other studies of interest. The search was reiterated until July 2021.
Results: Though the progress towards elimination of neglected tropical diseases is already underway, a concerted strategy is needed to assist the elimination efforts for these diseases. An all-inclusive policy to foster research and innovation in drug discovery, diagnostics, and vaccine development in neglected tropical diseases is lacking. There is also an absence of structured training of healthcare workers to improve their skills and capacity in disease management in endemic and disease prone areas.
Conclusion: To obtain the high objective of improving health and reducing vulnerabilities, it is important that healthcare workers and professionals from other backgrounds bind together to broaden the perspectives that are needed to address. There is a call for a comprehensive policy for neglected diseases research in India to foster drugs, diagnostics, and vaccine innovation, critical for evolving needs for elimination programs.
Near‐infrared light scattering and water diffusion in newborn brains
Authors: Iwata Sachiko , Katayama Reiji , Tsuda Kennosuke , Lin Yung‐Chieh , Kurata Tsuyoshi , Kinoshita Masahiro , Kawase Koya , Kato Takenori , Kato Shin , Hisano Tadashi , Oda Motoki , Ohmae Etsuko , Takashima Sachio , Araki Yuko , Saitoh Shinji , Iwata Osuke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveMRI provides useful information regarding brain maturation and injury in newborn infants. However, MRI studies are generally restricted during acute phase, resulting in uncertainty around upstream clinical events responsible for subtle cerebral injuries. Time‐resolved near‐infrared spectroscopy non‐invasively provides the reduced scattering coefficient (), which theoretically reflects tissue structural complexity. This study aimed to test whether values of the newborn head reflected MRI findings.MethodsBetween June 2009 and January 2015, 77 hospitalised newborn infants (31.7 ± 3.8 weeks gestation) were assessed at 38.8 ± 1.3 weeks post‐conceptional age. Associations of values with MRI scores, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were assessed.ResultsUnivariable analysis showed that values were associated with gestational week (p = 0.035; regression coefficient [B], 0.065; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.005–0.125), fractional anisotropy in the cortical grey matter (p = 0.020; B, −5.994; 95%CI, −11.032 to −0.957), average diffusivity in the cortical grey matter (p < 0.001; B, −4.728; 95%CI, −7.063 to −2.394) and subcortical white matter (p = 0.001; B, −2.071; 95%CI, −3.311 to −0.832), subarachnoid space (p < 0.001; B, −0.289; 95%CI, −0.376 to −0.201) and absence of brain abnormality (p = 0.042; B, −0.422; 95%CI, −0.829 to −0.015). The multivariable model to explain values comprised average diffusivity in the subcortical white matter (p < 0.001; B, −2.066; 95%CI, −3.200 to −0.932), subarachnoid space (p < 0.001; B, −0.314; 95%CI, −0.412 to −0.216) and absence of brain abnormality (p = 0.021; B, −0.400; 95%CI, −0.739 to −0.061).InterpretationLight scattering was associated with brain structure indicated by MRI‐assessed brain abnormality and diffusion‐tensor‐imaging‐assessed water diffusivity. When serially assessed in a larger population, values might help identify covert clinical events responsible for subtle cerebral injury.
D–A Type NIR‐II Organic Molecules: Strategies for the Enhancement Fluorescence Brightness and Applications in NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Navigated Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Chen Yan , Chen Shangyu , Yu Haoli , Wang Yuesong , Cui Mengyuan , Wang Peng , Sun Pengfei , Ji Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNIR‐II fluorescence imaging (NIR‐II FI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have received broad attentions in precise tumor diagnosis and effective treatment attributed to high‐resolution and deep tissue imaging, negligible invasivity, and high‐efficiency treatment. Although many fluorescent molecules have been designed and conducted for NIR‐II FI and PTT, it is still an enormous challenge for researchers to pioneer some rational design guidelines to improve fluorescence brightness. Organic D–A‐type molecules, including small molecules and conjugated polymers, can be designed and developed to improve fluorescence brightness due to their tunable and easy functionalized chemical structures, allowing molecules tailored photophysical properties. In this review, some approaches to the development and design strategies of D–A type small molecules and conjugated polymers for the enhancement of fluorescence brightness are systemically introduced. Meanwhile, some applications of PTT and PTT‐based combination therapy (such as PDT, chemotherapy, or gas therapy) assisted by NIR‐II FI‐based single or multiimaging technologies are classified and represented in detail as well. Finally, the current issues and challenges of NIR‐II organic molecules in NIR‐II FI‐navigated PTT are summarized and discussed, which gives some guidelines for the future development direction of NIR‐II organic molecules for NIR‐II FI‐navigated PTT.
Transition Metal‐Free Cycloisomerization of Propargylic Amides to Oxazoles in Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)
Authors: Jankowski Nicholas , Dietrich Julian , Krause Norbert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA transition metal‐free method for the cycloisomerization of propargylic amides to oxazoles was developed. The reaction utilizes in situ generated hydrogen chloride in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). With the aid of Design of Experiments optimization a wide range of substrates was transformed into the desired oxazoles. The method allows product formation without side reactions eliminating the need for extensive work‐up and purification.magnified image
China's corn and biofuel policies and agricultural trade: Projections from an international agricultural commodity market model
Authors: He Xi , Carriquiry Miguel , Elobeid Amani , Hayes Dermot , Li Minghao , Zhang Wendong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe calibrate the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development International Agricultural Commodity Market model using 2019/20 marketing year crop data and 2020 calendar year livestock and biofuel data to project China's agricultural imports under six plausible policy scenarios focusing on ethanol, corn, and pork from 2021 to 2030. Our baseline projection reflects China's current policy of relaxing the tariff rate quota (TRQ) for corn and imposing ethanol tariff without any ethanol/gasoline blend mandate. Baseline projections show China's ethanol imports grow from 100 million liters in 2020 to 1.21 billion liters in 2030; however, they also show that China's corn and pork imports remain at high levels and peak in the 2022/23 marketing year. Compared with the baseline, adopting the ethanol mandate increases China's corn and pork imports, and resuming the corn TRQ increases China's ethanol and pork imports. Both the ethanol mandate and corn import restrictions shift US and global exports from corn to ethanol and pork products. These projections can serve as benchmark estimates of China's imports of major agricultural commodities in the next decade. [EconLit citations: Q17, Q18, Q11].
Low dose chemotherapy induces a dormant state in brain metastatic breast cancer spheroids
Authors: Kondapaneni Raghu Vamsi , Warren Rachel , Rao Shreyas S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurviving breast cancer cells post chemotherapy, metastasize, and develop recurrent tumors at distant organs. These cells are known to exhibit a dormant phenotype at metastatic sites and survive for extended periods of time. The mechanisms involved in attaining dormancy are unclear, including how chemotherapeutic drugs influence this state. Herein, we investigated the impact of a chemotherapy drug, paclitaxel, on brain metastatic breast cancer spheroids by culturing them in different drug concentrations for a period of 7 days. Our results demonstrated that spheroids survive lower doses (80 nM) of chemotherapy by exhibiting a dormant state and low levels of proliferation as characterized via Ki67 and EdU staining, as well as p‐p38 and p‐ERK, known markers of dormancy and proliferation. Upon withdrawal of drug, dormant spheroids attained growth indicating that the observed dormant state was reversible. Overall, these results provide insight into regulation of the dormant state mediated via low dose chemotherapy.
Molecular insight into the effect of ion structure and interface behavior on the ammonia absorption by ionic liquids
Authors: Zhao Tongtong , Zeng Shaojuan , Li Yao , Bai Yinge , Bai Lu , Li Wenxiu , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the roles of ion structure and interface behavior in absorption of gases (NH3, N2, H2) by ILs (protic IL [Bim][Tf2N] and conventional IL [Bmim][Tf2N]). The results indicated that NH3 compete with [Tf2N]− to interact with N3‐H site of [Bim]+ cation, forming a strong N3H∙∙∙N(NH3) hydrogen bond with the energy of −79 kJ/mol, which is twice as much as the energy of the hydrogen bond between C2H of [Bmim]+ and NH3 (−33.2 kJ/mol). Moreover, there is a dramatic increase in the number density of cations near the IL‐gas interface, resulting in the NH3 molecules permeate into the bulk rapidly and effectively and achieving the high selective absorption of NH3 to H2 and N2. Considering the inevitable trace water in the raw gases, the influence of water was studied and it was shown that trace water can enhance the absorption of NH3 by [Bim][Tf2N].
Molecular Rearrangement of 2‐Substituted Indazolones: Unorthodox Access to 2‐Carboxylate‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐(1H)‐one Scaffold
Authors: R. Chandran , Sharma Abha , Nath Tiwari Keshri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe disclose a practical and efficient strategy for the expedient synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐(1H)‐one derivatives by one carbon insertion into cyclic N−N bond. Spontaneous manipulations with operationally simple procedures furnishing pharmaceutically useful compounds are key features of the developed protocol. Mechanistic studies reveal that the predicted intramolecular rearrangement occurs via consecutive ring‐opening and cyclization sequences. A gram‐scale reaction and synthetic transformation of products to quinazolinone derivatives have also been demonstrated during the course of the study.
A robust tool kit: First report of tool use in captive crested capuchin monkeys (Sapajus robustus)
Authors: Steinberg Danielle L. , Lynch Jessica W. , Cartmill Erica A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrimate tool use is of great interest but has been reported only in a limited number of species. Here we report tool use in crested capuchin monkeys (Sapajus robustus), an almost completely unstudied robust capuchin species. Crested capuchins and their sister species, the yellow‐breasted capuchin, diverged from a common ancestor over 2 million years ago, so this study fills a significant gap in understanding of tool use capacity and variation within the robust capuchin monkey radiation. Our study group was a captive population of seven individuals at the Santa Ana Zoo in California. The monkeys were given no prior training, and they were provided with a variety of enrichment items, including materials that could be used as tools as well as hard‐to‐access resources, for open‐ended interactions. In 54 observation hours, monkeys performed eleven tool use actions: digging, hammering, probing, raking, sponging, striking, sweeping, throwing, waving, wedging, and wiping. We observed tool modification, serial tool use, and social learning opportunities, including monkeys' direct observation of tool use and tolerated scrounging of foods obtained through tool use. We also observed significant individual skew in tool use frequency, with one individual using tools daily, and two individuals never using tools during the study. While crested capuchins have never been reported to use tools in the wild, our findings provide evidence for the species' capacity and propensity for tool use, highlighting the urgent need for research on this understudied, endangered primate. By providing detailed data on clearly identified S. robustus individuals, this study marks an effort to counteract the overgeneralization in the captive literature in referring to any robust capuchins of unknown provenance or ancestry as Cebus apella, a practice that obfuscates potential differences among species in tool use performance and repertoire in one of the only species‐rich tool‐using genera in the world.
Exploiting Coordination Effects for the Regioselective Zincation of Diazines Using TMPZnX⋅LiX (X=Cl, Br)
Authors: Kremsmair Alexander , Sunagatullina Alisa S. , Bole Leonie J. , Mastropierro Pasquale , Graßl Simon , Wilke Henrik R. , Godineau Edouard , Hevia Eva , Knochel Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new method for regioselective zincations of challenging N‐heterocyclic substrates such as pyrimidines and pyridazine was reported using bimetallic bases TMPZnX⋅LiX (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl; X=Cl, Br). Reactions occurred under mild conditions (25–70 °C, using 1.75 equivalents of base without additives), furnishing 2‐zincated pyrimidines and 3‐zincated pyridazine, which were then trapped with a variety of electrophiles. Contrasting with other s‐block metalating systems, which lack selectivity in their reactions even when operating at low temperatures, these mixed Li/Zn bases enabled unprecedented regioselectivities that cannot be replicated by either LiTMP nor Zn(TMP)2 on their own. Spectroscopic and structural interrogations of organometallic intermediates involved in these reactions have shed light on the complex constitution of reaction mixtures and the origins of their special reactivities.
Xenobiotic responses of Drosophila melanogaster to insecticides with different modes of action and entry
Authors: Gao Lujuan , Zang Xiya , Qiao Huanhuan , Moussian Bernard , Wang Yiwen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDepending on their chemical structure, insecticides enter the insect body either through the cuticle or by ingestion (mode of entry [MoE]), and, naturally, harm or even kill insects through different mechanisms (modes of action). In parallel, they trigger a systemic detoxification response, especially by activation of detoxification gene expression. We monitored the acute genetic alterations of known xenobiotic response target genes against five different insecticides with two most common MoEs (contact toxicity and stomach toxicity), found that: 1. only a few genes were detected responding to acute exposure to insecticides (LD90); 2. The expression of cyp12d1 was upregulated in all experiments, except for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure, suggesting that cyp12d1 is a general first response gene of the xenobiotic response; 3. The contact and stomach entries did not show any notable difference, both MoEs induced the response of JNK signaling pathway, possibly serving as the driver of the response of cyp12d1 and a few other genes. In conclusion, the changes in gene expression levels were relatively modest and no significant differences were found between the two MoEs, so the insecticide entry route does not seem to have an impact on the detoxification response. However, the two MoEs of the same insecticide showed different efficiencies in our test. Thus, the study of these two MoEs will help to develop more efficient release and management methods for the use of such insecticides.
Real‐life benefits of intrajejunal levodopa infusion therapy in four patients with the parkinsonian variant of progressive supranuclear palsy: A 1‐year follow‐up data report
Authors: Metta Vinod , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Leta Valentina , Mridula Kandadai Rukmini , Koduri Chaitanya , Deepak Sai , Kalpala Rakesh , Reddy Nageswar , Chung‐Faye Guy , Borgohain Rupam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition presenting with different clinical endophenotypes. The parkinsonian variant of PSP (PSP‐P) is characterised by early but fading responsiveness to high‐dose levodopa therapy; however, high‐dose oral therapy is often associated with intolerance due to dopaminergic side effects and so doses may have to be capped despite clinical benefits. Evidence from animal models and real‐life registries suggest far higher doses of levodopa can be tolerated if given in a continuous drug delivery (CDD) manner. We investigated tolerance and possible clinical benefits in patients with PSP‐P still responsive to levodopa after initiating CDD in the form of intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI) therapy as part of a compassionate usage program (CU).MethodsThis is an observational clinical data report from the IJLI implementation program undertaken in regional tertiary referral Parkinson's centres in India and at King's College Hospital London, Dubai as part of a CU. Four patients with PSP‐P receiving IJLI as a part of a CU underwent evaluations of liver and renal function, motor and nonmotor function, quality of life, sleep dysfunction, fatigue, anxiety and depression, and cognitive impairment at baseline and 6 and 12 months post‐IJLI initiation.ResultsIn total, three out of four patients successfully completed 12 months of treatment (6 months in one patient). All four patients showed good tolerability to IJLI even at higher doses (1400 and 1960 mg at 6 and 12 months, respectively) when compared to oral levodopa (812.5 ± 103 levodopa equivalent daily dose [LEDD]) and presented with overall persistent improvements in motor and nonmotor scores and quality‐of‐life scores at 6 and 12 months post‐IJLI. All patients showed improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (43.50 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 67.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 79.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 at 6 and 12 months, respectively).ConclusionsIJLI led to persistent beneficial effects on motor and some nonmotor aspects in patients with PSP‐P at up to 12 months after treatment with associated improvement in overall renal function.
Diffusion tensor imaging studies on subjects with suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A descriptive literature review
Authors: Zanghì Emanuele , Corallo Francesco , Lo Buono Viviana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, suicide represents the second leading cause of death in young people aged 15–29 years for both sexes, after traffic accidents. Suicide occurs not only in high‐income countries, in high‐income countries but it is a global phenomenon in all regions of the world and it represents a serious public health problem.MethodThis review was conducted on studies focused on white matter alterations in people who have attempted or thought about suicide. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases and screened references of included studies and reviewed articles for additional citations. From the initial 21 publications, we included only 12 studies that met search criteria and described the association between white matter alterations and suicide.ResultsWhite matter alterations in suicidal behaviors were found in the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, internal capsule, corpus callosum, and default mode networks, which are critical cerebral areas involved in emotion processing and regulation, decision‐making, executive functions, and empathy.ConclusionsWhite matter alteration in cerebral areas involving high cognitive process and emotional regulation to confer a heightened vulnerability for suicidal behavior. Suicide is a complex process ranging from suicidal ideation to planning, attempting, or committing suicide. The identification of abnormalities in underlying neural circuitry may help delineate the neurobiological basis for suicide risk.