bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultracompact High‐Extinction‐Ratio Nonvolatile On‐Chip Switches Based on Structured Phase Change Materials
Authors: Li Wenfei , Cao Xiyuan , Song Sannian , Wu Longsheng , Wang Ruobing , Jin Yi , Song Zhitang , Wu Aimin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdopting phase change material (PCM) in constructing nonvolatile on‐chip photonic switches has received intensive attention recently. Usually, a large‐area thin PCM film is directly used to construct a switch. Here, subwavelength structured PCM supporting localized resonance are adopted to efficiently improve the switching performance in a moderate bandwidth to obtain an optimal switch of higher switching contrast, smaller footprint, lower energy consumption, and better structure stability. Such a switch consisting of three cascaded Ge2Sb2Te nanodisks with a total volume of only 0.229 µm 35 nm on top of a single mode strip silicon waveguide is demonstrated. In the experimental verification, a high extinction ratio up to 27 dB is supported by the fabricated device as a high performance switch. The proposed design methodology will find its great potential in various large‐scale integration in optical interconnection and optical computing with new architectures or applications.
Producing p‐Doped Surface for Hole Transporting Layer‐Free Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Wen , Dong Xinyun , Chen Jianping , Qin Fei , Sun Lulu , Zhou Xianmin , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHole transporting layer‐free organic solar cells with simplified device structures are desirable for their mass production. In this work, a p‐dopant of organic molybdenum peroxide (OMP) to dope nonfullerene active layers to produce p‐doped surface on the active layer is adopted. The OMP can effectively dope widely used polymer donors of nonfullerene organic solar cells, i.e., PTB7‐Th, PBDB‐T, and even PBDB‐T‐2F that has a very deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of −5.47 eV. The doping mechanism lies in the strong oxidizing property of peroxide groups of the OMP leading to superior doping properties. In the end, hole transporting layer‐free nonfullerene organic solar cells with the device structure of ITO/PEI‐Zn/PBDB‐T‐2F:IT‐4F/Ag are fabricated. The cells show a power conversion efficiency of 12.2% and good thermal stability.
A 0.3 THz VCO using gm‐enhanced technology in 55 nm CMOS
Authors: Fu Haipeng , Song Qi , Ma Kaixue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA power combined terahertz (THz) voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed to increase the output power. Based on the traditional transformer‐feedback structure, a new negative conductance enhanced (gm‐enhanced) technology is presented to enhance the start‐up of the proposed THz VCO by adding additional transistors to offset the loss of the source inductance. In addition, a short transmission line is used as a zero‐phase shifter to lock the three single‐core VCOs for consistent frequency, phase, and amplitude. The fully integrated 300 GHz VCO design is fabricated in 55‐nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The measurement results show that by modulating the bias voltage of the transistors, the VCO can achieve a tuning range of 301.2–304.2 GHz with a maximum output power of −7.5 dBm. The chip area is only 554 μm × 530 μm.
Novel high‐efficiency and ultra‐compact low‐pass filter using double‐layered spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Sun Shining , Yu Qiming , Wang Lingling , Liao Kun , Liu Shaobin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a novel ultra‐compact spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) low‐pass filter which shows a high‐efficiency transmission and an excellent out‐of‐band suppression is investigated. It consists of a pair of double‐layer SSPPs, the top layer using interdigital strip and meander‐line, and the bottom layer is metal gratings of fish‐bone shape. The vast advantages of the proposed SSPPs structure in lower asymptotic frequency mode compared with traditional SSPPs structure with the same size enables the proposed low‐pass filter to be more miniaturized. The dimensions of the miniaturized structure are 0.75λ0 × 0.1λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency). The high‐efficient mode conversion is achieved by gradient meander‐line lengths. Moreover, we also investigate the transmission performance of the proposed structure when it is conformal. To validate the design concept, the prototype of a straight and bend low‐pass filter has been manufactured and measured. The experimental results of the fabricated sample agree with the simulation results well, in which the insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB, the reflection coefficient less than −15 dB, and excellent out‐of‐band rejection of the attenuation is greater than 30 ‐dB, which proves the design validity. The proposed ultra‐compact SSPPs structure may have great potential applications in miniaturized integrated circuits in the microwave and terahertz (THz) frequencies.
Characterizations and performances of polysulfone/graphene oxide with structural defects repaired by cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Yansong , Liang Yuke , Zhang Yue , Xie Zhihui , Chen Jinyao , Zheng Zhuo , Kang Jian , Yang Feng , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, the nanofillers of graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), which called GC, was prepared. The X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out for its characterizations. Besides, its influences on mechanical properties, thermal stability and gas barrier properties of polysulfone (PSF) composites were also studied. The hydrophilic interaction occurs between GO and CNC, so that CNC repaired the structural defects of GO. The intensity ratio of D peak to G peak (ID/IG) in Raman spectra of GC was 0.96, which was less than the raw GO's ID/IG of 1.04. Compared with GO, GC could more effectively improve the tensile strength (+39.8%), elongation‐at‐break (+20.6%), Young's modulus (+30.7%), thermal decomposition temperature (+13°C) and O2 permeability (−95.2%) of PSF composites. At the content of 0.5 wt%, GC had the most significant effect on the performance of PSF composites.
Rhabdomyolysis and coronavirus disease‐2019 in children: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kontou Maria , Kakleas Konstantinos , Kimioni Vaso , Georgiadi Dimitra , Spoulou Vasiliki , Michos Athanasios 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) presents with a variety of symptoms, but rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported in children.Case presentationWe report a 10‐year‐old girl who presented with fever, myalgia, and limping. The patient was tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2. On admission, creatine kinase (CK) level was 13 147 units per liter and the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. She was treated with intravenous fluids, which resulted in CK levels decrease. There are currently seven case reports of children with rhabdomyolysis associated with acute COVID‐19 infection and two reports with the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome.ConclusionChildren presenting with muscle pain and weakness in the acute phase or following COVID‐19 infection, should alert physicians of the possibility of rhabdomyolysis.
Fresh perspectives on an established technique: Pulsed amplitude modulation chlorophyll a fluorescence
Authors: Zuo Guanqiang , Aiken Robert M. , Feng Naijie , Zheng Dianfeng , Zhao Haidong , Avenson Thomas J. , Lin Xiaomao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPulsed amplitude modulation (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence provides information about photosynthetic energy transduction. When reliably measured, chlorophyll a fluorescence provides detailed information about critical in vivo photosynthetic processes. Such information has recently provided novel and critical insights into how the yield potential of crops can be improved and it is being used to understand remotely sensed fluorescence, which is termed solar‐induced fluorescence and will be solely measured by a satellite scheduled to be launched this year. While PAM chlorophyll a fluorometers measure fluorescence intensity per se, herein we articulate the axiomatic criteria by which instrumentally detected intensities can be assumed to assess fluorescence yield, a phenomenon quite different than fluorescence intensity and one that provides critical insight about how solar energy is variably partitioned into the biosphere. An integrated mathematical, phenomenological, and practical discussion of many useful chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters is presented. We draw attention to, and provide examples of, potential uncertainties that can result from incorrect methodological practices and potentially problematic instrumental design features. Fundamentals of fluorescence measurements are discussed, including the major assumptions underlying the signals and the methodological caveats about taking measurements during both dark‐ and light‐adapted conditions. Key fluorescence parameters are discussed in the context of recent applications under environmental stress. Nuanced information that can be gleaned from intra‐comparisons of fluorescence‐derived parameters and intercomparisons of fluorescence‐derived parameters with those based on other techniques is elucidated.
The influence of personality disorder in predicting suicidal behaviour in common mental disorders: A 30‐year study
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Tyrer Helen , Yang Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo hundred ten patients with anxiety and depressive disorders were followed up over 30 years. Personality status was assessed at baseline using the Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS), an instrument that classifies personality disorder in a similar way to the new ICD‐11 classification. Assessments of suicidal behaviour were made at 5, 12 and 30 years and suicidal thoughts at 12 and 30 years and analysed by personality status, clinical diagnosis and scores on the General Neurotic Syndrome Scale, a combined diagnosis of mixed anxiety depression and personality dysfunction. Suicide attempts were most frequent in the first 5 years of the study and reduced over time. Baseline personality status was the best predictor of suicide attempts at 5 years (no personality disorder 29.3%, personality disorder 51.6%, p = 0.006), and at 12 years (no personality disorder 11.9%, personality disorder 25.7%, p = 0.042), but no important differences were found at 30 years, when comorbid mental state disorder was the strongest predictor (p < 0.001). Similar but less marked findings were found for the general neurotic syndrome. It is concluded that the presence of personality disorder is a robust predictor of suicidal behaviour in the shorter term but in the long‐term comorbid pathology is a better predictor.
Plasma‐coated PCL scaffolds with immobilized platelet‐rich plasma enhance the wound healing in diabetics mice
Authors: Solovieva Anastasiya O. , Permyakova Elizaveta S. , Ershov Konstantin I. , Bakhareva Ksenia I. , Miroshnichenko Svetlana M. , Kiryukhantsev‐Korneev Philipp V. , Konopatsky Anton S. , Polčak Josef , Shtansky Dmitry V. , Manakhov Anton M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCOOH plasma polymer layers deposited onto polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers by plasma polymerization of CO2and C2H4in the Ar atmosphere were obtained and tested for diabetic wound healing. Simply by changing the deposition time, very different morphologies of coated PCL nanofibers were achieved. In vivo tests revealed that by applying modified nanofibers for 10 days, wound healing accelerated by 32.1%. Compared to a controlled wound characterized by an acute inflammatory process, wounds covered with nanofibers with platelet‐rich plasma demonstrated complete healing with a high percentage of collagen fibers on Day 19.
Modeling the role of lateral surface flow in low‐relief polygonal tundra
Authors: Jan Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIce‐wedge polygon troughs play an important role in controlling the hydrology of low‐relief polygonal tundra regions. Lateral surface flow is confined to troughs only, but it is often neglected in model projections of permafrost thermal hydrology. Recent field and modeling studies have shown that, after rain events, increases in trough water levels are significantly more than the observed precipitation, highlighting the role of lateral surface flow in the polygonal tundra. Therefore, understanding how trough lateral surface flow can influence polygonal tundra thermal hydrology is important, especially under projected changes in temperatures and rainfall in the Arctic regions. Using an integrated cryohydrology model, this study presents plot‐scale end‐of‐century projections of ice‐wedge polygon water budget components and active layer thickness with and without trough lateral surface flow under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Trough lateral surface flow is incorporated through a newly developed empirical model, evaluated against field measurements. The numerical scenario that includes trough lateral surface flow simulates discharge (outflow from a polygon) and recharge (rain‐induced inflow to a polygon trough from upslope areas), while the scenario that does not include trough lateral surface flow ignores recharge. The results show considerable reduction (about 100–150%) in evapotranspiration and discharge in rainy years in the scenarios ignoring trough lateral surface flow, but less effect on soil water storage, in comparison with the scenario with trough lateral surface flow. In addition, the results demonstrate long‐term changes (~10–15 cm increase) in active layer thickness when trough lateral surface flow is modeled. This study highlights the importance of including lateral surface flow processes to better understand the long‐term thermal and hydrological changes in low‐relief polygonal tundra regions under a changing climate.
Management zone‐based estimation of positive and negative nitrous oxide flux in organic corn fields
Authors: Xia Yushu , Wander Michelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccurate estimation of field‐scale nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes is hindered by their considerable variability and the fact that soils can be both sources and sinks for N2O. This is particularly challenging for organic systems that have complex rotations and inputs. This study used digital soil mapping and survey datasets to explore spatial controls of N2O “hot moments” induced by precipitation with strategic sampling designed to identify covariates that influence N2O emission patterns. Soil N2O fluxes after rain events were measured within three management zones (MZs, “High,” “Medium,” “Low”) delineated by crop productivity, soil fertility, and hydrological features in eight organic fields during the 2018 and 2019 corn (Zea mays L.) growing seasons. Hot moments typically occurring 1 d after rain events included both positive and negative N2O fluxes. The MZ‐based design identified regions with different patterns in positive and negative flux, with hotspots for both being co‐located with areas of poorer drainage and higher soil fertility. Covariates that best explained hot moments included corn growth stage, soil moisture, slope, texture, and soil organic matter. Negative fluxes were large enough to offset positive fluxes so that averaged net N2O fluxes were only significantly different between the “High” and “Low” MZs. Had negative fluxes been omitted, averaged N2O fluxes would have increased estimates by 37%. Processes that lead to N2O consumptions must be better quantified to improve the estimation of management‐associated net N2O flux. Use of strategic sampling can efficiently capture needed information, but spatial and temporal weighting is needed to scale up results.
Inkjet‐Patterned Microdroplets as Individual Microenvironments for Adherent Single Cell Culture
Authors: Xie Tianze , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Weifei , Feng Shuo , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdhesion of single cells is the foundation of manifold cellular behaviors and life processes. However, investigating the function of a specific cell is still challenging due to deficiency of adhesion or interference from surrounding cells. Herein, an open microfluidic system is reported for culturing adherent single cells, implemented by a micrometer‐scale droplet matrix on an inkjet‐printed polylysine template. The target cells are isolated from any cell from other droplets, and their adhesion strength is determined to be comparable to conventional petri dishes via an in‐situ investigation with a microfluidic extractor. On this proposed platform, isolated single cells are observed to display an entirely distinct spreading behavior featuring total absence of elongation, indicating drastic cell behavior change from their “singleness.” This system has high versatility and compatibility for various assaying methods, assuring a promising potential in detailed single cell behavior and cell heterogeneity studies.
Recent advances in non‐plasmonic surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy nanostructures for biomedical applications
Authors: Li Da , Aubertin Kelly , Onidas Delphine , Nizard Philippe , Félidj Nordin , Gazeau Florence , Mangeney Claire , Luo Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an emerging powerful vibrational technique offering unprecedented opportunities in biomedical science for the sensitive detection of biomarkers and the imaging and tracking of biological samples. Conventional SERS detection is based on the use of plasmonic substrates (e.g., Au and Ag nanostructures), which exhibit very high enhancement factors (EF = 1010–1011) but suffers from serious limitations, including light‐induced local heating effect due to ohmic loss and expensive price. These drawbacks may limit detection accuracy and large‐scaled practical applications. In this review, we focus on alternative approaches based on plasmon‐free SERS detection on low‐cost nanostructures, such as carbons, oxides, chalcogenides, polymers, silicons, and so forth. The mechanism of non‐plasmonic SERS detection has been attributed to interfacial charge transfer between the substrate and the adsorbed molecules, with no photothermal side‐effects but usually less EF compared with plasmonic nanostructures. The strategies to improve Raman signal detection, through the tailoring of substrate composition, structure, and surface chemistry, is reviewed and discussed. The biomedical applications, for example, SERS cell characterization, biosensing, and bioimaging are also presented, highlighting the importance of substrate surface functionalization to achieve sensitive, accurate analysis, and excellent biocompatibility.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
A deep ultraviolet transparent birefringent monofluorophosphate: Cd2.5(NH4)2(PO3F)3Cl ⋅ 2H2O
Authors: Yang Xin‐Rui , Liu Xin , Chen Ling , Wu Li‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a new monoclinic, Cd2.5(NH4)2(PO3F)3Cl ⋅ 2H2O (CNPFC, cadmium ammonium monofluorophosphate chloride dihydrate), featuring a [Cd3P2O12ClF2]∞ double‐layered structure. CNPFC is DUV transparent, exhibits a quite large laser induced damage threshold (1.33×KDP) and emits a purple fluorescence at 410 nm. On an as‐synthesized (100)‐single crystal plane, the Δnobv.(100)=nc–nb=0.012 is measured at 546 nm, which is consistent with the theoretical calculated 0.017. The birefringence of CNPFC is theoretically calculated to be Δncal.=nZ–nX=0.035. We further demonstrate that the diverse coordination environments and inter‐unit linkages of the Cd‐centered polyhedra as well as different hydrogen bonding interactions give rise to an interesting structural relationship among three related compounds.
Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence of a highly stable two‐dimensional zinc coordination polymer
Authors: Wang Kuikui , Cheng Bo , Li Hengbo , Wu Mingyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, we have successfully introduced the nitrogen‐rich aromatic ligand 5,5′‐bipyrimidine (BYPM) as auxiliary ligands into the 3‐nitrophthalic acid (NPTA) system, and a Zn(II)‐based coordination polymer [Zn2(BYPM)(NPTA)2]n (1) has been synthesized under solvothermal condition. The 1 is characterized by elemental analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray diffraction patterns (PXRD). The single‐crystal X‐ray analysis indicates that 1 propagates into a layer‐like framework along the ac plane through the coordination Zn2+ ions and further forms a three‐dimensional supramolecular framework through intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds. Thermogravimetric analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction experiments indicate that 1 has high thermal and solvent stability. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of 1 has been explored.
Introduction: A Comparative Network Analysis of Knowledge Use in Nordic Education Policies
Authors: Sivesind Kirsten , Karseth Berit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis introductory chapter establishes the context, background, and importance of studying what counts as evidence and expertise in Nordic education policymaking. The chapter gives a short overview of the theories, methods, and research design for the joint study where 17 researchers from 6 countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the US) collaborated. Key questions are: How do policymakers in five Nordic countries draw on domestic, regional, and international knowledge? How do they legitimize national school reform policy by referencing various types of knowledge? How do they authorize evidence in their attempt to propose reform agendas and issue school reforms in their respective countries? The chapter provides an overview of the book and summarizes each of the following chapters.
How Much Is Policy Advice Changed and Lost in Political Translation?
Authors: Steiner-Khamsi Gita , Baek Chanwoong , Karseth Berit , Nordin Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on government-appointed advisory commissions in Norway and Sweden and investigates how and to what extent their respective governments use the evidence produced in these commissions for education policymaking. Drawing on the concepts of network governance and multi-centric policymaking, it compares reference patterns (a) between Green Papers (GPs) and White Papers (WPs) and (b) between Norwegian and Swedish GPs. The results show that the WPs produced by the ministries share strikingly few references with the GPs produced by their appointed commissions. An in-depth analysis of the references which “made” it to the political level demonstrates how knowledge gets lost, rebalanced, or reinterpreted in the policy process. This chapter situates the findings within discussions on the changing role of advisory commissions in today’s policymaking.
Evidence-Based Policy Making and Educational Reform in Nordic Europe: Key Contributions of the POLNET Study
Authors: Verger Antoni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvidence-based policy making (EBPM) is currently portrayed as the most appropriate approach to public policy formulation. Through EBPM, the locus of decision making is expected to shift from political authorities to networks of experts. EBPM enthusiasts also assume that this policy approach favors more open and participatory policy processes in which deliberation on the basis of academic sources intensifies. Finally, EBPM embraces a rationalistic ontology to policy transfer according to which “policy learning” is the main mechanism behind the traveling and selection of “best practices” in different policy contexts. The POLNET study challenges these assumptions through comparative research conducted in the Nordic education policy space. This commentary chapter reflects on the most important contributions of the POLNET study, as well as on the implications of this study for future research.