bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of aerodynamic performance degradation on aerofoils and aircraft wings due to accreted ice
Authors: Khalid M. , Zhang F. , Chen S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aerodynamic performance of two dimensional (2D) aerofoils and finite aircraft wings is investigated when the leading edge is modified with a standard ice shape. Three ice-shapes, G1, G3 and R7 are selected for this investigation. For the aerofoils it was observed that the presence of strong vortex flows near the leading edge fundamentally changes the flow in that region forcing earlier transition and premature separation. Normal suction peaks designed to provide high aerodynamic lift and prolonged attached flow are replaced with a system of vortices which produce unwanted pressure spikes which influence the development of the boundary layer leading to earlier stall. The present study also includes the three dimensional (3D) effects due to iced leading edges on aircraft surfaces. As different from such studies elsewhere, which only considered the simple sweep back effects on constant cross section wings, the present work includes more realistic wings equipped with twist, taper and non-equal sweep back at leading and trailing edge of the wing. In absence of any experimental data on such real life type configurations, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results were first validated against measurements on non-swept wings. It was found that ice formations cause noticeable changes of the flow in the leading edge regions of the wing and promote strong 3D effects, which pervade across the entire span wise direction of the model.
Active control of fan noise from high-bypass ratio aeroengines: experimental results
Authors: Enghardt L. , Tapken U. , Neise W. , Schimming P. , Maier R. , Zillmann J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNoise reduction in the inlet of stationary gasturbines or aeroengines is usually achieved by passive absorbers (acoustic liners) the efficiency of which is limited due to the confined length. Higher sound level reductions can be obtained — in particular for the tonal components -by using additionally active noise control techniques (ANC): The rotorspeed-coherent tonal components of the primary sound field are superimposed with an anti-phase sound field which is produced by secondary acoustic sources.
Role of sarcopenia risk in predicting COVID-19 severity and length of hospital stay in older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ahmadiani Elham Sadat , Ariyanfar Shadi , Soroush Mohammadreza , Razeghi Jahromi Soodeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSarcopenia is more common in the elderly and causes adverse outcomes with increased morbidity and mortality. This prospective cohort study assessed the association of sarcopenia risk with the severity of COVID-19 at the time of admission and during hospitalisation and the length of hospital stay. Two hundred patients (aged ≥ 60 years) who were hospitalised for COVID-19 were enrolled using consecutive sampling between 29 December 2020 and 20 May 2021. The sarcopenia score of the patients was assessed using the Strength, Assistance in walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls questionnaire. The severity of COVID-19 was determined using the modified National Early Warning Score (m-NEWS) system for 2019 n-CoV-infected patients at admission (T1), day three (T2) and at discharge (T3). Data were analysed using SPSS, version 22 and STATA, version 14. Of the 165 patients included, thirty four (20·6 %) were at risk of sarcopenia. The length of hospital stay was slightly longer in patients with sarcopenia risk, but the difference was not significant (P = 0·600). The adjusted OR of respiratory rate (RR) > 20 /min at T1 for the sarcopenia risk group was 6·7-times higher than that for the non-sarcopenic group (P = 0·002). According to generalised estimating equations, after adjusting for confounding factors, the m-NEWS score was 5·6 units higher in patients at risk of sarcopenia (P < 0·001). Sarcopenia risk could exacerbate COVID-19 severity and increase RR at admission, as well as the need for oxygen therapy at discharge.
The December 12th Student Movement: Uyghur Student Protest in Reform-Era China
Authors: Spivey Brian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBy assembling more than fifty hours of interviews with eleven former Uyghur students and teachers, alongside an array of published and unpublished textual documents, this article offers the most complete history of the Uyghur student movements of the 1980s—in the face of considerable neglect and confusion. It argues, first, that the university functioned as a social, intellectual, and political space that allowed Uyghurs to develop their ethno-national identity, build shared grievances, and mobilize politically. Second, it argues that the December 1985 Uyghur student movement was a foundational turning point in the erosion of Hu Yaobang's accommodationist ethnicity policies of the early 1980s, changing how the Party-state diagnosed the reasons for Xinjiang's instability and delimited Uyghur political participation in the People's Republic of China. This article further unsettles later attempts by Chinese scholars to retroactively characterize the student movement as essentially separatist and the work of behind-the-scenes plotters.
Research on Latin America in the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin
Authors: Steger Hanns-Albert , Schrader Achim , Gräbener Jürgen 
Published: October 2022

German scholarly concern with Latin America has a long and interesting tradition that began before Alexander von Humboldt's famous journey to Latin America at the beginning of the 19th century.Well-known research in entomology, for example, was carried out by Maria Sybilla Merian, who was active in 1699 in Surinam. Similarly, a long and protracted cooperation exists between German and Latin American mining research on the major mining centers of the colonial Latin American world: the Bolivian highlands and Mexico. Alexander von Humboldt was able to build directly on these established and generally accepted contacts, especially in Mexico, where he found old college friends from Freiberg (Saxony) in decisive positions in Mexican mining affairs.
Escuela de Sociología y Ciencias Políticas: La Política Académica de la Dirección, 1974–1976
Authors: López Rafael Quintero 
Published: October 2022

“No basta la verdad y no vencera inevitablemente. Pero una politica de la verdad puede bastar, y representa una posibilidad de veneer. No siempre ganara la verdad, pero la verdad dicha a la gente que debe oirla con las palabras adecuadas y en el momenta oportuno representa una posibilidad de veneer. Iniciara cambios entre los impotentes y desenmascarara como mentiras las pretenciones de los poderosos que las sancionan.”—C. Wright MillsUn pensamiento social militante, coherente y capaz de organizar y sistematizar teóricamente una concepción totalizadora de la cultura de la sociedad ecuatoriana, aún no emerge en el Ecuador. Nuestro país es uno de los pocos en América Latina que aún no ha visto surgir ese tipo de pensamiento, posibilitado históricamente en otros y que parece estar todavía en un proceso de gestación, a madurar en un futuro impredecible. La trayectoria histórica de nuestra estructura social global y la no insurgencia aún de un poderoso movimiento revolucionario de la clase obrera parecerían explicar este desarrollo acortado. En ausencia de una cultura revolucionaria, en el sentido estricto: que no carezca de una teoría total de si misma, es empero posible y necesario una práctica avanzada dentro de la cultura. La lucha por construír y/o fortalecer las corrientes críticas en las Ciencias Sociales a lo interno de nuestras universidades, es una forma de esta lucha. Y es en esa perspectiva que los esfuerzos realizados en estos dos años desde la Dirección de la Escuela de Sociología, para construir lo que se ha construido y fortalecer lo positivo que existía, se han inscrito. Las prioridades para haber hecho efectiva la inscripción de esta política académica en esa perspectiva han sido contínuas a lo largo de este bienio: posibilitar el desafío y la crítica seria al pensamiento seudo-científico de la sociología burguesa; crear condiciones, espirituales y materiales, para el desarrollo de posturas avanzadas en el pensamiento; desarrollar mecanismos de discusión y difusión de ese pensamiento avanzado para posibilitar su mayor influencia en el terreno de la cultura; y abrir alternativas académicas críticas para nuestro estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales.
Soviet Historiography of the Latin American Countries
Authors: Al'perovich M. S. 
Published: October 2022

Inasmuch as Scientific Criticism and Polemic are of the Greatest significance for the development of every branch of historical science, including, of course, the study of Latin America, I should like to offer a few thoughts on this subject.Soviet historians of Latin America, just as scholars in other fields, attach great significance to the views of specialists everywhere-be they their colleagues in the USSR or abroad; be they Marxists or non-Marxists. Even if we hold different philosophical and methodological positions than our opponents, we are always ready to lend an attentive ear to critical observations. Disagreement with the world view or general historical conception of one or another of our foreign critics by no means prevents us from recognizing the correctness of his views on given problems, provided that the viewpoint in question is convincingly argued and scientificallydemonstrated. Even though we reject any questioning of the basic conceptions advanced by us, we are still able to accept admonitions and to seek a kernel of reason in otherwise totally inadmissible criticisms.
Songs of tractors and submission: on the assembled politicity of popular music and far-right populism in Austria
Authors: Doehring André , Ginkel Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur article addresses the connection between popular music and far-right populism, as exemplified by the Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ). We discuss the specific mainstreaming and normalizing potential of popular music for far-right populist politics, by means of songs that do not qualify as political or politicized music in the sense of carrying a clear political message. We introduce a multi-step methodology that addresses performative aspects of actual situations of reception (fieldwork) and in-depth analyses of the music and its affordances (group analysis). Based on this approach, we argue that these ambivalent, sometimes even contradictory musical performances take on a life of their own within a specific arrangement that we will term anassembled politicity, in the sense of a political potential activated through situational arrangements. In this way, the FPÖ's musical programme affords far-right populist interpretations through music that appears to be unsuspicious.
Variational inference as iterative projection in a Bayesian Hilbert space with application to robotic state estimation
Authors: Barfoot Timothy D. , D’Eleuterio Gabriele M. T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVariational Bayesian inference is an important machine learning tool that finds application from statistics to robotics. The goal is to find an approximate probability density function (PDF) from a chosen family that is in some sense “closest” to the full Bayesian posterior. Closeness is typically defined through the selection of an appropriate loss functional such as the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. In this paper, we explore a new formulation of variational inference by exploiting the fact that (most) PDFs are members of a Bayesian Hilbert space under careful definitions of vector addition, scalar multiplication, and an inner product. We show that, under the right conditions, variational inference based on KL divergence can amount to iterative projection, in the Euclidean sense, of the Bayesian posterior onto a subspace corresponding to the selected approximation family. We work through the details of this general framework for the specific case of the Gaussian approximation family and show the equivalence to another Gaussian variational inference approach. We furthermore discuss the implications for systems that exhibit sparsity, which is handled naturally in Bayesian space, and give an example of a high-dimensional robotic state estimation problem that can be handled as a result. We provide some preliminary examples of how the approach could be applied to non-Gaussian inference and discuss the limitations of the approach in detail to encourage follow-on work along these lines.
Are Tp-e interval and QT dispersion values important in children with coeliac disease?
Authors: Birinci Hakan , Yolcu Canan , Dogan Guzide , Basaran Meryem K. , Elevli Murat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectives:Coeliac disease is an autoimmune intestinal disease that develops with permanent intolerance to gluten and similar cereal proteins. It can damage to many tissues, including myocardium, by autoimmune mechanisms. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of coeliac disease on cardiac electrical activity by comparing the Tp-e interval and Qt dispersion values of coeliac patients with healthy children.Methods:Fifty-seven coeliac patients and 57 healthy children were included in the study. Sociodemographic findings, physical examinations, symptoms, laboratory values, dietary compliance, endoscopy, and pathological findings were recorded into a standardised form. Electrocardiogram parameters were calculated, and echocardiography findings were noted.Results:No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, heart rate, electrocardiogram parameters such as p wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, and QTc values. Tp-e interval, Tp-e / QT ratio, and Tp-e / QTc ratio were statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening values were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. In the patient group, Tp-e interval, Tp-e / QT ratio, Tp-e / QTc ratio, and QTc dispersion were statistically significantly higher in patients with tissue transglutaminase IgA positive compared to patients with tissue transglutaminase IgA negative.Conclusion:Our study gives important findings in terms of detecting early signs of future cardiovascular events in childhood age group coeliac patients.
Control of pervasive row crop weeds with dicamba and glufosinate applied alone, mixed, or sequentially
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Leon Ramon G. , Everman Wesley J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDicamba and glufosinate are among the few effective postemergence herbicides to control multiple herbicide-resistant weeds in southeastern U.S. cotton and soybean production. Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of weed size and the application of dicamba and glufosinate individually, mixed, or sequentially on common ragweed, goosegrass, large crabgrass, ivyleaf morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and sicklepod control. Sequential herbicide treatments were applied 7 d after the initial treatment. The tested weeds sizes predominantly did not affect weed control. Control of broadleaf weed species with sequential herbicide applications never increased compared to the initial herbicide application. Two applications of glufosinate and/or dicamba + glufosinate controlled grasses better than one application. The order of the herbicides in the sequential applications did not affect broadleaf species control, whereas herbicide order was important for the control of grass weeds. Grass weed control was higher when glufosinate was applied before dicamba. Dicamba + glufosinate additively controlled the weeds, except for goosegrass, for which control was less for dicamba + glufosinate compared to glufosinate alone. The results of the experiment provide evidence that dicamba and glufosinate applied individually, mixed, and sequentially are effective on common row crop weeds found in the southeastern United States, but the species present may dictate how the herbicides are applied together.
Narrow-row soybean and a cereal rye cover crop suppress glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
Authors: Fisher Justine L. , Sprague Christy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlternative strategies are needed for management of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed in soybean. Integrating a cereal rye cover crop with soybean planted in narrow rows may improve control and reduce herbicide selection pressure for herbicide-resistant horseweed biotypes. Four site-years of experiments were conducted in Michigan to determine whether fall-planted cereal rye terminated with glyphosate 1 wk prior to (early termination) or 1 wk after (planting green) planting in combination with narrow-row soybean improved GR horseweed management. At postemergence (POST) herbicide application, horseweed biomass was reduced by 71% to 90% when soybean was planted into cereal rye, regardless of termination time, compared with no cover across all row widths. Planting green or narrow-row soybean suppressed horseweed through soybean harvest. When glyphosate was applied POST (noneffective), horseweed biomass was 36% to 46% lower when planting green compared with early terminated cereal rye and no cover. Similarly, planting soybean in 19- and 38-cm rows reduced horseweed biomass by 48% and 28%, respectively, compared with 76-cm rows. Cereal rye did not affect soybean yield pooled over 3 of 4 site-years; however, narrow row soybean yielded 11% to 18% higher than 76-cm rows. Soybean yield was 11% higher when an effective POST herbicide was applied. In conclusion, fall-seeded cereal rye or narrow-row soybean suppressed horseweed compared with no cover and 76-cm rows; however, the effects of early termination did not last throughout the growing season in most cases. Delaying cover crop termination by planting green reduced horseweed biomass and density through soybean harvest, but reduced yield in 1 site-year due to an increased incidence of white mold. These cultural practices have a positive influence on suppressing horseweed that should be part of an overall horseweed management strategy; however, the use of an effective POST herbicide is still needed for complete season-long horseweed management.
Intercellular transfer of activated STING triggered by RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagy promotes antitumor immunity
Authors: Gao Ying , Zheng Xueping , Chang Boyang , Lin Yujie , Huang Xiaodan , Wang Wen , Ding Shirong , Zhan Weixiang , Wang Shang , Xiao Beibei , Huo Lanqing , Yu Youhui , Chen Yilin , Gong Run , Wu Yuanzhong , Zhang Ruhua , Zhong Li , Wang Xin , Chen Qiuyan , Gao Song , Jiang Zhengfan , Wei Denghui , Kang Tiebang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSTING, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein, mediates innate immune activation upon cGAMP stimulation and is degraded through autophagy. Here, we report that activated STING could be transferred between cells to promote antitumor immunity, a process triggered by RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagy. Mechanistically, RAB22A engages PI4K2A to generate PI4P that recruits the Atg12–Atg5–Atg16L1 complex, inducing the formation of ER-derived RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagosome, in which STING activated by agonists or chemoradiotherapy is packaged. This RAB22A-induced autophagosome fuses with RAB22A-positive early endosome, generating a new organelle that we name Rafeesome (RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagosome fused with early endosome). Meanwhile, RAB22A inactivates RAB7 to suppress the fusion of Rafeesome with lysosome, thereby enabling the secretion of the inner vesicle of the autophagosome bearing activated STING as a new type of extracellular vesicle that we define as R-EV (RAB22A-induced extracellular vesicle). Activated STING-containing R-EVs induce IFNβ release from recipient cells to the tumor microenvironment, promoting antitumor immunity. Consistently, RAB22A enhances the antitumor effect of the STING agonist diABZI in mice, and a high RAB22A level predicts good survival in nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Our findings reveal that Rafeesome regulates the intercellular transfer of activated STING to trigger and spread antitumor immunity, and that the inner vesicle of non-canonical autophagosome originated from ER is secreted as R-EV, providing a new perspective for understanding the intercellular communication of organelle membrane proteins.
Morphogen gradient orchestrates pattern-preserving tissue morphogenesis via motility-driven unjamming
Authors: Pinheiro Diana , Kardos Roland , Hannezo Édouard , Heisenberg Carl-Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmbryo development requires biochemical signalling to generate patterns of cell fates and active mechanical forces to drive tissue shape changes. However, how these processes are coordinated, and how tissue patterning is preserved despite the cellular flows occurring during morphogenesis, remains poorly understood. Gastrulation is a crucial embryonic stage that involves both patterning and internalization of the mesendoderm germ layer tissue. Here we show that, in zebrafish embryos, a gradient in Nodal signalling orchestrates pattern-preserving internalization movements by triggering a motility-driven unjamming transition. In addition to its role as a morphogen determining embryo patterning, graded Nodal signalling mechanically subdivides the mesendoderm into a small fraction of highly protrusive leader cells, able to autonomously internalize via local unjamming, and less protrusive followers, which need to be pulled inwards by the leaders. The Nodal gradient further enforces a code of preferential adhesion coupling leaders to their immediate followers, resulting in a collective and ordered mode of internalization that preserves mesendoderm patterning. Integrating this dual mechanical role of Nodal signalling into minimal active particle simulations quantitatively predicts both physiological and experimentally perturbed internalization movements. This provides a quantitative framework for how a morphogen-encoded unjamming transition can bidirectionally couple tissue mechanics with patterning during complex three-dimensional morphogenesis.
Automated synapse-level reconstruction of neural circuits in the larval zebrafish brain
Authors: Svara Fabian , Förster Dominique , Kubo Fumi , Januszewski Michał , dal Maschio Marco , Schubert Philipp J. , Kornfeld Jörgen , Wanner Adrian A. , Laurell Eva , Denk Winfried , Baier Herwig 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDense reconstruction of synaptic connectivity requires high-resolution electron microscopy images of entire brains and tools to efficiently trace neuronal wires across the volume. To generate such a resource, we sectioned and imaged a larval zebrafish brain by serial block-face electron microscopy at a voxel size of 14 × 14 × 25 nm3. We segmented the resulting dataset with the flood-filling network algorithm, automated the detection of chemical synapses and validated the results by comparisons to transmission electron microscopic images and light-microscopic reconstructions. Neurons and their connections are stored in the form of a queryable and expandable digital address book. We reconstructed a network of 208 neurons involved in visual motion processing, most of them located in the pretectum, which had been functionally characterized in the same specimen by two-photon calcium imaging. Moreover, we mapped all 407 presynaptic and postsynaptic partners of two superficial interneurons in the tectum. The resource developed here serves as a foundation for synaptic-resolution circuit analyses in the zebrafish nervous system.