bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ethnic enclaves in Arab American Muslim adolescent perceived discrimination
Authors: Balaghi Danielle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the role of ethnic enclaves in perceived discrimination among Arab American adolescents. Little research has investigated what specific risk and protective factors play a role in perceived discrimination within ethnic enclaves; and which of these factors may be the most salient to Arab American adolescents. The study used a phenomenological approach, using semi‐structured interviews, journals, and parent interviews to collect and triangulate the data. Member checking and peer debriefing were also used to check for validity. A ‘protective’ theme, described as ‘living in a bubble’ and two ‘risk’ themes described as ‘cracks’ (i.e., within‐group discrimination) and ‘pores’ (i.e., online discrimination) were identified. Although ethnic enclaves appeared to protect adolescents from out‐group discrimination, it also appeared to be porous, with risk factors, such as online discrimination, ‘seeping’ into the community.
A rare case of necrotizing fasciitis after early infant male circumcision
Authors: Zabihi Fariba , Bastami Saeid Jamalie , Atqiaee Khashayar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEven though circumcision is low‐risk, complications may occur, necessitating careful management. Here, we describe a 5‐month‐and‐28‐day‐old infant who developed necrotizing fasciitis following Plastibell circumcision. This report emphasizes that clinicians should use standard equipment and appropriate‐sized rings to prevent these unusual complications following circumcision.
Perioperative management of malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia: A report of two cases
Authors: Chi Xiaowei , Xu Yi , Liao Hongbing , Chen Tao , Li Qiang , Fu Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a lethal complication associated with general anesthesia characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression, and high mortality. We present two seemingly typical cases of intraoperative MH development, with details on perioperative assessment and rescue. Postoperative genetic test showed mutations in the ryanodine receptor type 1 gene.
Acute myocardial infarction immediately after second vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Kurozumi Atsumasa , Hara Hisao , Nagai Ran , Hiroi Yukio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a serious and rare case of acute myocardial infarction soon after the administration of second vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019. Patient's culprit lesion in the right coronary artery was identified and appropriately treated using intravascular imaging. Postvaccination monitoring of patients who are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases is critical.Rare but severe cases of acute myocardial infarction following vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 have been reported. Physicians should consider this rare side effect as a possible differential diagnosis and appropriately manage such patients.
Highly‐Efficient CO2 Electromethanation with Extremely Low Overpotentials on Pt/C Catalysts: Strategic Design of Multi‐Potential‐Step Method
Authors: Matsuda Shofu , Sakoda Taito , Ishibashi Ryu , Umeda Minoru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new idea for dramatically increasing the efficiency of CO2 reduction to CH4 at Pt/C electrocatalysts with negligibly low overpotentials. Pt catalysts have typically been disregarded in favor of other metal catalysts for CO2 reduction due to their poor performances. However, our strategically‐designed, multi‐potential‐step method, using a membrane electrode assembly with Pt/C catalysts, allows CO2 to be electrocatalytically converted to CH4 at close to the theoretical electrode potential with a net faradaic efficiency of 59.8±9.7 %. This approach is relevant and important because it provides a method of simultaneously ameliorating CO2 buildup and generating useful products.
Developing Catalysts via Structure‐Property Relations Discovered by Machine Learning: An Industrial Perspective
Authors: Joshi Hrishikesh , Wilde Nicole , Asche Thomas S. , Wolf Dorit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndustrial catalyst development is a complex issue that requires optimization of performance, synthesis, costs, and engineering aspects. During the development, structure‐property relations are often used to provide valuable insights into the catalyst. However, conventionally, this process is time‐consuming and costly. Advancements in the field of automation for experimentation, data collection, and simulations have allowed the use of machine learning (ML) strategies for this development. Herein we provide an industrial perspective on ML strategies for the development of solid catalysts.
Mapping key neuropeptides involved in the melanocortin system in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) brain
Authors: Norland Sissel , Eilertsen Mariann , Rønnestad Ivar , Helvik Jon Vidar , Gomes Ana S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe melanocortin system is a key regulator of appetite and food intake in vertebrates. This system includes the neuropeptides neuropeptide y (NPY), agouti‐related peptide (AGRP), cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART), and pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC). An important center for appetite control in mammals is the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, with neurons that coexpress either the orexigenic NPY/AGRP or the anorexigenic CART/POMC neuropeptides. In ray‐finned fishes, such a center is less characterized. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has multiple genes of these neuropeptides due to whole‐genome duplication events. To better understand the potential involvement of the melanocortin system in appetite and food intake control, we have mapped the mRNA expression of npy, agrp, cart, and pomc in the brain of Atlantic salmon parr using in situ hybridization. After identifying hypothalamic mRNA expression, we investigated the possible intracellular coexpression of npy/agrp and cart/pomc in the tuberal hypothalamus by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The results showed that the neuropeptides were widely distributed, especially in sensory and neuroendocrine brain regions. In the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, the putative homolog to the mammalian arcuate nucleus, npya, agrp1, cart2b, and pomca were predominantly localized in distinct neurons; however, some neurons coexpressed cart2b/pomca. This is the first demonstration of coexpression of cart2b/pomca in the tuberal hypothalamus of a teleost. Collectively, our data suggest that the lateral tuberal nucleus is the center for appetite control in salmon, similar to that of mammals. Extrahypothalamic brain regions might also be involved in regulating food intake, including the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain.
Managing for Resiliency in the Face of Drought
Authors: Sever Megan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFarmers are facing more frequent and severe droughts than they have in generations, including over this last year. By late summer 2022, nearly 40% of farmers in the U.S. had already plowed under or killed their crops. That’s because those crops stood no chance of reaching maturity and harvest due to ongoing drought. Yields in Texas, for example, were proving almost 70% below normal as severe drought gripped the region. Some 60% of the West, South, and Central Plains were experiencing severe or worse drought. It’s now the offseason for some crops and early season for others. It’s a good time to advise farmers what changes they might undertake to make their farms more resilient. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
High step‐up MIMO DC–DC power converter control‐based pole placement
Authors: Radmanesh Hamid , Maalandish Mohammad , Pourjafar Saeed , Khooban Mohammad‐Hassan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a new high step‐up multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) DC–DC converter control‐based pole placement suitable for photovoltaic system applications. The suggested topology has a high stability current control. Low element number, high voltage conversion ratio, and low ripple input current are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The capability to use several energy resources with different voltage/current characteristics, increase the number of inputs and outputs arbitrary without duty‐cycle limitation, and control each input unit power switch independently are other advantages. The operation principle of the suggested topology, steady‐state analysis in continuous condition mode (CCM), and parameter design are analyzed. A comparison between the suggested topology and other converters is applied. Two‐input two‐output version of the suggested topology in 200 W at an operating 50 kHz switching frequency is analyzed. Finally, the Typhoon HiL‐404 emulating setup is applied to verify the performance and efficiency of the suggested high‐step‐up MIMO DC–DC power converter.
Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in pancreatic juice are associated with histological subtypes of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Hayakawa Hiroshi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Takano Shinichi , Shindo Hiroko , Takahashi Ei , Kawakami Satoshi , Fukasawa Yoshimitsu , Kuratomi Natsuhiko , Sato Tadashi , Kadokura Makoto , Hirose Sumio , Maekawa Shinya , Inoue Taisuke , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Harai Shota , Kawaida Hiromichi , Kono Hiroshi , Mochizuki Kunio , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to examine the correlation between preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in pancreatic juice (PJ‐CEA) and the histological subtype of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN).MethodsWe enrolled IPMN patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography between March 2002 and March 2018. Clinical factors associated with IPMN histological subtypes of 67 patients who underwent surgery were analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between CEA immunohistochemistry findings and histological subtypes was investigated.ResultsMedian PJ‐CEA were 15 ng/ml in the gastric type, 150 ng/ml in the intestinal type, and 175 ng/ml in the pancreatobiliary type. Both intestinal and pancreatobiliary types had significantly higher PJ‐CEA than the gastric type (p = 0.001). In the analysis of histological subtype predictors, high PJ‐CEA (≥63 ng/ml) only showed a significant difference in multivariate analyses (95% confidence interval 4.8–70.2; p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry findings revealed significantly higher CEA expression in the non‐gastric type than in the gastric type (p < 0.001). The non‐gastric type showed a significantly worse prognosis than the gastric type (p = 0.017).ConclusionPJ‐CEA was an independent predictor of IPMN histological subtypes in a preoperative setting. High PJ‐CEA predict the non‐gastric type, while low PJ‐CEA predict the gastric type.
Automated multi‐sample DNA extraction for genotyping live Xenopus embryos
Authors: Alles Narmadha , Guille Matthew , Górecki Dariusz C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundXenopus frogs are used extensively for modeling genetic diseases owing to characteristics such as the abundance of eggs combined with their large size, allowing easy manipulation, and rapid external embryo development enabling the examination of cellular and phenotypic alterations throughout embryogenesis. However, genotyping of mutant animals is currently done either as part of a large group, requiring many embryos, or late in development with welfare effects. Therefore, we adapted the Zebrafish Embryonic Genotyper for rapid genomic DNA extraction from Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis at early stages.ResultsSufficient and good quality DNA was extracted as early as the Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 19 and, importantly, no detrimental effects of the extraction process on the subsequent tadpole development, behavior, or morphology were observed. Amplicons of up to 800 bp were successfully amplified and used for further analyses such as gel electrophoresis, T7 endonuclease I assay and Sanger sequencing.ConclusionThis method allows rapid genotyping during the early stages of Xenopus development, which enables safe identification of mutants. These can be analyzed at early developmental stages or selected for raising without the need for invasive genotyping later, with resource savings and ethical gains in line with the 3Rs principles.
Joint effects of female preference intensity and frequency‐dependent predation on the polymorphism maintenance in aposematic sexual traits
Authors: Ponkshe Aditya , Endler John A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaintenance of variation in aposematic traits within and among populations is paradoxical because aposematic species are normally under positive frequency‐dependent predation (PFD), which is expected to erode variation. Aposematic traits can evolve in an ecological context where aposematic traits are simultaneously under mate choice. Here, we examine how the mate preference intensity affects the permissiveness of polymorphism in sexually selected aposematic traits under different PFD regimes. We use the haploid version of the classical sexual selection model and show that strong mate preferences can substantially increase the permissiveness of polymorphism in aposematic traits under different PFD regimes. The Fisher process can interact with PFD, and their interaction can promote the maintenance of polymorphism within populations when mate preferences are strong. We show that the same selective conditions that promote the maintenance of polymorphism within populations reduce the likelihood of divergence in aposematic traits among populations.
A flexible and efficientBayesian implementation of point process models for spatial capture–recapture data
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chipperfield Joseph D. , Illian Janine B. , Dupont Pierre , Milleret Cyril , de Valpine Perry , Bischof Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture (SCR) is now routinely used for estimating abundance and density of wildlife populations. A standard SCR model includes sub‐models for the distribution of individual activity centers (ACs) and for individual detections conditional on the locations of these ACs. Both sub‐models can be expressed as point processes taking place in continuous space, but there is a lack of accessible and efficient tools to fit such models in a Bayesian paradigm. Here, we describe a set of custom functions and distributions to achieve this. Our work allows for more efficient model fitting with spatial covariates on population density, offers the option to fit SCR models using the semi‐complete data likelihood (SCDL) approach instead of data augmentation, and better reflects the spatially continuous detection process in SCR studies that use area searches. In addition, the SCDL approach is more efficient than data augmentation for simple SCR models while losing its advantages for more complicated models that account for spatial variation in either population density or detection. We present the model formulation, test it with simulations, quantify computational efficiency gains, and conclude with a real‐life example using non‐invasive genetic sampling data for an elusive large carnivore, the wolverine (Gulo gulo) in Norway.
Success by agreement? Uncovering power struggles in translating Swedish moose policy
Authors: Sjölander‐Lindqvist Annelie , Hansson‐Forman Katarina , Sandström Camilla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExploring how actors translate public policy content into practice provides new insight into policy processes. Because they are driven by contextual circumstances and values, that is, they are socially constructed, studying the interpretations and negotiations involved in the translation process advances our understanding of what shapes implementation agents, and subsequently the success of policy implementation. The Swedish moose policy, a legislative framework for decentralizing moose management in order to balance the various interests affected by the presence and abundance of moose, was used as a case study. In response to the task of implementation, some of the key stakeholders sought their own strategies for successful implementation and to achieve the national policy goals. This response expressed itself as two separate agreements, in 2016 and 2019, between different constellations of implementing actors (landowner and hunter organizations). These agreements provide an example of how key actors can translate policy, and expose inadequate policy designs. Revealing how the implementing actors perceive the policy and each other helps explain the continued presence of social and political conflict. Our results indicate that power struggles underpin the translation process; by constructing the core problem differently, not sharing ideas about management and using language that discourages collaboration, the actors' translations, together with a lack of clarity in policy design, hinder the chances of successful policy implementation. Policy processes have become increasingly complex, and differences between implementers present as obstacles that have to be overcome. The paper contributes to our understanding of implementation processes within a collaborative governance setting, where the responsibility of the implementation process has been devolved to non‐state actors.
Identification of central amygdala and trigeminal motor nucleus connectivity in humans: An ultra‐high field diffusion MRI study
Authors: Kaya Batu , Geha Paul , de Araujo Ivan , Cioffi Iacopo , Moayedi Massieh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe neuroanatomical circuitry of jaw muscles has been mostly explored in non‐human animals. A recent rodent study revealed a novel circuit from the central amygdala (CeA) to the trigeminal motor nucleus (5M), which controls biting attacks. This circuit has yet to be delineated in humans. Ultra‐high diffusion‐weighted imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) allow in vivo delineation of circuits identified in other species—for example, the CeA–5M pathway—in humans. We hypothesized that the CeA–5M circuit could be resolved in humans at both 7 and 3 T. We performed probabilistic tractography between the CeA and 5M in 30 healthy young adults from the HCP database. As a negative control, we performed tractography between the basolateral amygdala (BLAT) and 5M, as CeA is the only amygdalar nucleus with extensive projections to the brainstem. Connectivity strength was operationalized as the number of streamlines between each region of interest. Connectivity strength between CeA–5M and BLAT–5M within each hemisphere was compared, and CeA–5M circuit had significantly stronger connectivity than the BLAT–5M circuit, bilaterally at both 7 T (all p < .001) and 3 T (all p < .001). This study is the first to delineate the CeA–5M circuit in humans.
Developmental data science: How machine learning can advance theory formation in Developmental Psychology
Authors: Van Lissa Caspar J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTheories are the vehicle of cumulative knowledge acquisition. At this time, however, many (developmental) psychological theories are insufficiently precise to derive testable hypotheses. This limits the advancement of our principled understanding of development. This problem cannot be resolved by improving the way deductive (confirmatory) research is conducted (e.g., through preregistration and replication), because theory formation requires inductive (exploratory) research. This paper argues that machine learning can help advance theory formation in (developmental) psychology, because it enables rigorous exploration of patterns in data. The paper discusses specific advantages of machine learning, explains core methodological concepts, introduces relevant methods, and describes how data‐driven insights are consolidated into theory. Machine learning automates exploration, and incorporates checks and balances to ensure generalizable results. It can assist in phenomenon detection and offers a more holistic understanding of the phenomena associated with an outcome or process of interest.
Who is a thinker? With age, higher SES American children increasingly associate social status with divisions in labour
Authors: Nancekivell Shaylene E. , Farrow Tatyana , Maurer Brian A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis exploratory report investigates how children, aged 6‐ to 12‐years, reason about divisions in labour. It focuses on understanding when in development children might associate higher status groups with intellectual as opposed to physical labour. It explores this question by introducing a sample of mostly mid/high‐SES American children to a novel factory setting and then asking them who is likely to have one of two jobs: a ‘builder’ (physical labour), or ‘thinker’ (intellectual labour) job. Older children were more likely than younger children to associate an individual's higher social status with intellectual labour work as opposed to physical labour work. Children also explained their reasoning, and with age their explanations focused more on social factors like the role of access to ‘choices’ or opportunities in shaping the nature of others' work.
n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve depression‐like behavior by inhibiting hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice via reducing TLR4 expression
Authors: Hu Li , Zeng Xianxiang , Yang Kai , Peng Hongli , Chen Jinhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionn‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammation‐related diseases, including depression.MethodsThe mouse model of depression was established through chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), the mice were intervened with n‐3 PUFAs, and then the expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) was stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test were performed to monitor the depression behavior of mice. Microglia activation was detected by Iba1 immunofluorescence, and neuronal injury was detected by Nissl staining. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, Interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β in the hippocampus were assessed via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α messenger RNA levels. Western blot was utilized for detection of TLR4 protein expression.ResultsCUMS significantly reduced the sucrose preference in mice, while increased the immobility time in FST and TST. Moreover, CUMS significantly aggravated microglia activation and neuronal damage in mice and increased the levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α in hippocampal tissues, however, intervention with n‐3 PUFAs could improve the above effects. Further, the increased TLR4 induced by LPS partially reversed the inhibition of n‐3 PUFAs on depression‐like behaviors, microglial activation and inflammatory injury of hippocampal neurons.Conclusionn‐3 PUFAs may ameliorate depression‐like behaviors via reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in CUMS‐induced mice by regulating TLR4 expression, suggesting that n‐3 PUFAs may be an effective antidepressant, which provides evidence for future treatment of depression.