bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Preceptors’ Views on the Training Needs of Medical Students and Factors Affecting Medical Education in the Community Setting: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Yasuda Megumi , Saiki Takuya , Kawakami Chihiro , Imafuku Rintaro 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES To identify community preceptors’ views on the qualities and abilities required of physicians in community medicine, the education to acquire those qualities and abilities, and the factors affecting preceptors’ involvement in community-based teaching. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 male community preceptors in northern Japan who had at least 5 years of experience in community medicine and prior teaching experience with preclinical students. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure diversity in clinical roles and institutional affiliations. A thematic analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts to identify recurring themes. RESULTS Participants emphasized “communication skills,” “understanding the perspectives and backgrounds of patients and their families,” and “love for the community and its people” among the essential qualities and abilities for community physicians. They cited deepening relationships with and fostering an attachment to the community as necessary to cultivate these skills. The factors identified as facilitating community-based teaching included “positive emotions felt throughout the teaching experience,” “supporting hospitals and the wider community,” and “devotion to students.” Factors that hindered involvement included “perceived difficulty of teaching preclinical students” and “education-related issues at universities assigning students on placement,” such as the lack of opportunities for community-based teaching within the curriculum. CONCLUSIONS In line with the “social axis” in Worley's four Rs model, deep community involvement is essential to developing communication skills and patient-centered medicine. This study identified the qualities and abilities required for community physicians, as well as the educational activities needed to cultivate them from the early years of medical school. Strengthening collaboration between universities and community preceptors is vital to advancing community-engaged medical education (CEME). Cross-cultural studies could further explore how CEME operates in diverse contexts, contributing to socially accountable and community-responsive medical education.
Impact of a USMLE Step 2 Prediction Model on Medical Student Motivations
Authors: Shanks Anthony , Steckler Ben , Smith Sarah , Rusk Debra , Walvoord Emily , Dafoe Erin , Wallach Paul 
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE With the transition of USMLE Step 1 to Pass/Fail, Step 2 CK carries added weight in the residency selection process. Our goal was to develop a Step 2 predicted score to provide to students earlier in medical school to assist with career mentoring. We also sought to understand how the predicted scores affected student's plans. METHOD Traditional statistical models and machine learning algorithms to identify predictors of Step 2 CK performance were utilized. Predicted scores were provided to all students in the Class of 2024 at a large allopathic medical school. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess if the estimated score influenced career or study plans. RESULTS The independent variables that resulted in the most predictive model included CBSE score, Organ System course exam scores and Phase 2 (Third Year Clinical Clerkships) NBME percentile scores (Step2CK = 191.984 + 0.42 (CBSE score) + 0.294 (Organ Systems) + 0.409 (Average NBME). The standard error of the prediction model was 7.6 with better accuracy for predicted scores greater than 230 (SE 8.1) as compared to less than 230 (SE 12.8). Nineteen percent of respondents changed their study plan based on the predicted score result. Themes identified from the predicted score included reassurance for career planning and the creation of anxiety and stress. CONCLUSION A Step 2 Predicted Score, created from pre-existing metrics, was a good estimator of Step 2 CK performance. Given the timing of Step 2 CK, a predicted score would be a useful tool to counsel students during the specialty and residency selection process.
Association and Prognostic Implications of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Faure M. , Jouan J. , Lacroix P. , Blossier J.D. , Preux P.M. , Chastaingt L. , Boukhris M. , Cané M. , Lux G. , Aboyans V. , Magne J. 
Published: February 2025

Background Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) share common pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors related to atherosclerosis. However, the prevalence of PAD and its association with mortality in patients with AS remains heterogeneous and require further investigations. Objectives The aims of this study were (a) to determine the prevalence of PAD in patients with severe AS and (b) to assess the impact of PAD on mortality in these patients. Methods From June 2000 to December 2019, patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) at the Limoges University Hospital were enrolled. Over a median observational period of 7.6 years [4.9–11.4], 1462 patients were studied. PAD was defined by mention of clinical diagnosis, significant stenosis on ultrasound, or history of lower-limb revascularization. Results Patients with PAD accounted for 8.9% ( n = 130). Long-term survival of patients with PAD was significantly worse than for patients without PAD (HRa = 1.62, 1.28-2.04, P < .0001). This association was even more marked among patients with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) (HRa = 1.92, 1.46-2.51, P < .0001). Of note, long-term survival was similar in patients with PAD with or without CAD, and patients with PAD alone (ie, without CAD) have similar survival than those with CAD alone (ie, without PAD). Conclusions Almost one out of 10 patients with severe AS presents PAD. This comorbidity was independently associated with traditional risk factors and markedly reduced survival, increased mortality. Similarly to patients with CAD, patients with AS and concomitant PAD should be considered at high risk of poor outcome.
Gαq/11 aggravates acute lung injury in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated NETosis
Authors: Xiang Qian , Tian Yang , Yang Kai , Du Yaqin , Xie Jian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) is distinguished by exaggerated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), elevated clinical mortality rates, and a paucity of targeted therapeutic interventions. The Gαq/11 protein, a member of the G protein subfamily, is an effective intervention target for a variety of diseases, but little is known about its role in ALI.

Methods
In this study, a murine model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized, employing myeloid cell-specific Gna11 knockout mice. The pulmonary pathology of mice was assessed and the lung samples were collected for immunofluorescence staining and RNA-sequencing analysis to elucidate the impact and underlying mechanisms of Gαq/11 in ALI. Mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils were isolated and cultured for live-cell imaging to investigate the in vitro effects of Gαq/11.

Results
The expression of Gαq/11 was found to be upregulated in the lung tissues of mice with ALI, coinciding with the increased expression of inflammatory genes. Myeloid cell-specific Gna11 deficience attenuated LPS-induced lung injury and the formation of NETs in mice. Mechanistically, Gαq/11 facilitates NETosis by promoting the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1α in neutrophils and mediating the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS). Pharmacological inhibition of Gαq/11 using YM-254,890 was shown to reduce NETs formation and lung injury in mice.

Conclusions
The upregulation of Gαq/11 exacerbates ALI through the promotion of ER stress-mediated NETosis. Consequently, Gαq/11 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
Estimation of mosaic loss of Y chromosome cell fraction with genotyping arrays lacking coverage in the pseudoautosomal region
Authors: Zhou Weiyin , Huang Wen-Yi , Freedman Neal D. , Machiela Mitchell 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) in circulating leukocytes is the most frequently detected age-related chromosomal mosaic event in men. Current mLOY detection approaches use genotyping arrays and employ a phase-based approach that identifies B allele frequency (BAF) deviations in the pseudo-autosomal region (PAR) shared between the X and Y chromosome. As some widely used genotyping arrays lack sufficient probe coverage of the PAR, methods for accurately measuring mLOY utilizing the median log2 R ratio across the male-specific region of Y chromosome (mLRR_Y) are needed for detecting mLOY on these platforms.

Results
We derived a formula from mLRR_Y to estimate the cellular fraction (CF) of cells with Y loss and validated the approach, finding high alignment with the CF estimation from female data and lab-generated qPCR data (R2 = 0.98). Additionally, we compared the correlation between phase-based BAF and mLRR_Y methods for CF estimation, achieving a high correlation with R2 > 0.80.

Conclusion
Although mLRR_Y is a noisier metric for mosaic chromosomal alteration detection relative to BAF, we demonstrate mLRR_Y across non-PAR variants can accurately estimate mLOY CF, especially for high CF mLOY.
Gene novelty and gene family expansion in the early evolution of Lepidoptera
Authors: Hoile Asia E. , Holland Peter W. H. , Mulhair Peter O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Almost 10% of all known animal species belong to Lepidoptera: moths and butterflies. To understand how this incredible diversity evolved we assess the role of gene gain in driving early lepidopteran evolution. Here, we compared the complete genomes of 115 insect species, including 99 Lepidoptera, to search for novel genes coincident with the emergence of Lepidoptera.

Results
We find 217 orthogroups or gene families which emerged on the branch leading to Lepidoptera; of these 177 likely arose by gene duplication followed by extensive sequence divergence, 2 are candidates for origin by horizontal gene transfer, and 38 have no known homology outside of Lepidoptera and possibly arose via de novo gene genesis. We focus on two new gene families that are conserved across all lepidopteran species and underwent extensive duplication, suggesting important roles in lepidopteran biology. One encodes a family of sugar and ion transporter molecules, potentially involved in the evolution of diverse feeding behaviours in early Lepidoptera. The second encodes a family of unusual propeller-shaped proteins that likely originated by horizontal gene transfer from Spiroplasma bacteria; we name these the Lepidoptera propellin genes.

Conclusion
We provide the first insights into the role of genetic novelty in the early evolution of Lepidoptera. This gives new insight into the rate of gene gain during the evolution of the order as well as providing context on the likely mechanisms of origin. We describe examples of new genes which were retained and duplicated further in all lepidopteran species, suggesting their importance in Lepidoptera evolution.
Integrative diagnosis of psychiatric conditions using ChatGPT and fMRI data
Authors: Li Runda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Traditional diagnostic methods for psychiatric disorders often rely on subjective assessments, leading to inconsistent diagnoses. Integrating advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques with neuroimaging data may improve diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
We propose a novel approach that uses ChatGPT to conduct interactive patient interviews, capturing nuanced emotional and psychological data. By analyzing these dialogues using NLP, we generate a comprehensive feature matrix. This matrix, combined with 4D fMRI data, is input into a neural network to predict psychiatric diagnoses. We conducted comparative analysis with survey-based and app-based methods, providing detailed statistical validation.

Results
Our model achieved an accuracy of 85.7%, significantly outperforming traditional methods. Statistical analysis confirmed the superiority of the ChatGPT-based approach in capturing nuanced patient information, with p-values indicating significant improvements over baseline models.

Conclusions
Integrating NLP-driven patient interactions with fMRI data offers a promising approach to psychiatric diagnosis, enhancing precision and reliability. This method could advance clinical practice by providing a more objective and comprehensive diagnostic tool, although more research is needed to generalize these findings.
Development of a predictive model for post-surgical chronic pain: a retrospective analysis of calcaneal fracture patients
Authors: Zhai Shibo , Zhang Shuo , Ma Xinzhe , Gong Yongchao , Hou Zhiyong , Chen Wei , Ma Lijie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain following calcaneal fracture surgery substantially diminishes patients' quality of life, yet effective risk prediction tools remain scarce. This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable predictive model for assessing the risk of chronic pain development after calcaneal fracture surgery.

Methods
This retrospective analysis examined 398 patients who underwent calcaneal fracture surgery between January 2022 and July 2023. Patients were randomly allocated into model development (n = 280) and validation (n = 118) cohorts. Independent risk factors were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis to construct the prediction model. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.

Results
The study identified several independent predictors of postoperative chronic pain: body mass index (BMI) (OR:1.10, 95%CI:1.02–1.19, P = 0.014), operative duration (OR:1.01, 95%CI:1.00–1.02, P = 0.019), surgical approach, and Böhler angle (OR:1.03, 95%CI:1.00–1.06, P = 0.025). The predictive model demonstrated good discriminative ability in both development and validation cohorts, with AUC values of 0.691 (95%CI:0.63–0.75) and 0.655 (95%CI:0.56–0.77), respectively. Calibration plots showed strong agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes.

Conclusion
Our newly developed predictive model, incorporating BMI, operative duration, surgical approach, and Böhler angle, effectively predicts the risk of chronic pain following calcaneal fracture surgery. This tool provides valuable guidance for clinicians in conducting individualized risk assessments and implementing targeted preventive strategies.
EIT guided evaluation of regional ventilation distributions in neonatal and pediatric ARDS: a prospective feasibility study
Authors: Soltész Leon , Leyens Judith , Vogel Marieke , Muders Thomas , Putensen Christian , Kipfmueller Florian , Dresbach Till , Mueller Andreas , Schroeder Lukas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite international guidelines for lung protective ventilation in neonatal or pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (nARDS/ pARDS), prospective data on bedside monitoring tools for regional ventilation distribution and lung mechanics are still rare. As a bedside and radiation-free procedure, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers a practical and safe approach for analyzing regional ventilation distributions. Recent trials in adults have shown the efficacy of an individualized EIT guided strategy for the improvement of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI).

Methods
We performed a single-center prospective feasibility study from November/2021 to December/2023 in the department of neonatal and pediatric intensive care medicine at the University Children´s Hospital in Bonn. All patients with diagnosis of nARDS (or history of perinatal lung disease-PLD)/ pARDS were screened for study inclusion. In all patients a decremental PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) trial was performed with a continuous EIT monitoring for an individual analysis of the EIT guided pixel compliance (CEIT) and PEEP finding (EIT-PEEP). In the offline analysis, further EIT derived indices, such as global inhomogeneity index (GI), and center of ventilation (CoV), were calculated.

Results
Overall, 40 EIT measurements were performed in 26 neonatal and pediatric patients (nARDS/PLD, n = 6; and pARDS, n = 20) within a predefined decremental PEEP trial. Thirteen patients were classified as having severe nARDS (PLD)/ pARDS with an Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) > 12 or Oxygenation Index (OI) > 16. In-hospital mortality rate was 27% in the overall cohort. The median EIT-PEEP (11mbar) was calculated as lowest, as compared to the clinically set PEEP (11.5mbar, p < 0.001), and the ARDSnetwork PEEP table recommendation (ARDSnet-PEEP, 14mbar, p = 0.018). In patients with nARDS/PLD, the EIT-PEEP was calculated 3mbar below the clinically set PEEP (p = 0.058) and 11 mbar below the ARDSnet-PEEP (p = 0.01). In the linear regression analysis, EIT-PEEP and the dynamic compliance (CDYN) at -2mbar presented a significant correlation with a Cohen´s R2 of 0.265 (β: 0.886, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
EIT is feasible and can be performed safely in patients with diagnosis of nARDS/PLD and pARDS, even during ongoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. An individualized PEEP finding strategy according to the EIT compliance might optimize regional ventilation distribution in these patients and can potentially decrease VILI.

Clinical trial registration
The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (GCT; trial number: DRKS 00034905, Registration Date 15.08.2024). The registration was performed retrospectively after inclusion of the last patient.
Cullin-RING ligase BioE3 reveals molecular-glue-induced neosubstrates and rewiring of the endogenous Cereblon ubiquitome
Authors: Merino-Cacho Laura , Barroso-Gomila Orhi , Pozo-Rodríguez Mónica , Muratore Veronica , Guinea-Pérez Claudia , Serrano Álvaro , Pérez Coralia , Cano-López Sandra , Urcullu Ainhoa , Azkargorta Mikel , Iloro Ibon , Galdeano Carles , Juárez-Jiménez Jordi , Mayor Ugo , Elortza Felix , Barrio Rosa , Sutherland James D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The specificity of the ubiquitination process is mediated by the E3 ligases. Discriminating genuine substrates of E3s from mere interacting proteins is one of the major challenges in the field. We previously developed BioE3, a biotin-based approach that uses BirA-E3 fusions together with ubiquitin fused to a low-affinity AviTag to obtain a site-specific and proximity-dependent biotinylation of the substrates. We proved the suitability of BioE3 to identify targets of RING and HECT-type E3 ligases.

Methods
BioE3 experiments were performed in HEK293FT and U2OS stable cell lines expressing TRIPZ-bioGEFUb transiently transfected with BirA-cereblon (CRBN). Cells were seeded using biotin-free media, followed later by a short-biotin pulse. We evaluated the applicability of the BioE3 system to CRBN and molecular glues by Western blot and confocal microscopy, blocking the proteasome with bortezomib, inhibiting NEDDylation with MLN4924 and treating the cells with pomalidomide. For the identification of endogenous substrates and neosubstrates we analyzed the eluates of streptavidin pull-downs of BioE3 experiments by LC–MS/MS. Analysis of targets for which ubiquitination changes significantly upon treatment was done using two-sided Student’s t-test. Orthogonal validations were performed by histidine pull-down, GFP-trap and computational modelling.

Results
Here we demonstrate that BioE3 is suitable for the multi-protein complex Cullin-RING E3s ligases (CRLs), the most utilized E3-type for targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies. Using CRBN as proof of concept, one of the substrate receptors of CRL4 E3 ligase, we identified both endogenous substrates and novel neosubstrates upon pomalidomide treatment, including CSDE1 which contains a G-loop motif potentially involved in the binding to CRBN in presence of pomalidomide. Importantly, we observed a major rearrangement of the endogenous ubiquitination landscape upon treatment with this molecular glue.

Conclusions
The ability of BioE3 to detect and compare both substrates and neosubstrates, as well as how substrates change in response to treatments, will facilitate both on-target and off-target identifications and offer a broader characterization and validation of TPD compounds, like molecular glues and PROTACs.
Parent-adolescent sexual and reproductive health information communication in Ghana
Authors: Agyei Frank Bediako , Kaura Doreen K. , Bell Janet D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
A culturally sensitive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information communication intervention which is effective can improve SRH information communication (IC) between parents and their adolescents. This facilitates adolescents’ informed SRH decisions to optimise positive SRH outcomes.

Aim
The aim of this article was to integrate the findings from a systematic review and a qualitative study on sexual and reproductive health information communication and the considerations to make in adapting an effective parent-adolescent SRH information communication intervention from the systematic review findings.

Methods
Explanatory sequential Mixed Methods Research was used; first, a quantitative Systematic Review was conducted in lower-and-middle-income countries, utilising Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) software for reviews. The systematic review findings were then explained, utilizing an exploratory qualitative design in the second phase of the study. A purposive sample of ten parent-adolescent pairs was selected from Asante Akyem North Municipality of Ghana and all participants were interviewed individually. The sample was based on the demographics highlighted in the systematic review. A semi-structured interview guide was developed from the findings of the systematic review.

Results
The results confirmed that effective SRH information communication interventions are associated with parent-adolescent SRH information communication skills. SRH communication is also influenced by the SRH information parents and adolescents have and the personal and social motivation to communicate the information. The method of intervention delivery, the experts involved, and the place of delivery were also identified as important issues to consider in adapting and implementing an intervention.

Conclusion
The study has provided information on the components of a culturally sensitive SRH information communication intervention. The contextual information gathered, which explained the systematic review findings, will be helpful in the adaptation of SRH information communication intervention.