bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Ultrasound‐Guided Incisional Biopsy Enhances the Pathological Accuracy of Incisional Biopsy of Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Yu Nianzhou , Wu Lisha , Su Juan , Huang Kai , Liu Siliang , Lu Lixia , Li Yixin , Jiang Zixi , Zheng Aojie , Zhu Zirui , Liao Mengting , Zhao Shuang , Wei Tianhong 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of preoperative ultrasound (US)‐guided incisional biopsy through a prospective controlled clinical trial.MethodsThis was a prospective, double‐arm, single‐center study of Chinese patients. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study. Fourteen patients received incisional biopsies for which the choice of biopsy area relied on a clinical evaluation, and 16 patients received incisional biopsies for which the choice of biopsy area relied on a US‐guided evaluation. The following procedure was used in the US‐guided incisional biopsy group: 1) clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of skin lesions; 2) US examination; 3) incisional biopsy; 4) surgical excision; and 5) histopathological examination. The same procedure was used in the non–US‐guided group except without US examination.ResultsIn the non–US‐guided group, the mean tumor thicknesses obtained from incisional biopsy and postoperative histopathological examination were 2.1 and 4.1 mm, respectively. Seven melanomas were underestimated by incisional biopsy, resulting in margins narrower than currently recommended. In the US‐guided group, the mean tumor thicknesses obtained from US, incisional biopsy, and postoperative histopathological examination were 3.4, 2.9, and 2.7 mm, respectively. In only 3 melanomas was the tumor thickness of the incisional biopsy less than that of the postoperative histopathological examination, demonstrating that US‐guided biopsy obtains the maximum thickness area.ConclusionsPreoperative US‐guided incisional biopsy can enhance the pathological accuracy of incisional biopsy, which may allow us to better perform surgical excision with safe peripheral surgical margins.
Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Rosendahl Ann‐Helen , Schönborn Katrin , Krieg Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an autoimmune‐triggered chronic fibrosing disease that affects the skin and many other organs. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves an early endothelial damage, an inflammatory infiltrate and a resulting fibrotic reaction. Based on a predisposing genetic background, an altered balance of the acquired and the innate immune system leads to the release of many cytokines and chemokines as well as autoantibodies, which induce the activation of fibroblasts with the formation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of a stiff and rigid connective tissue. A curative treatment is still not available but remarkable progress has been made in the management of organ complications. In addition, several breakthroughs in the pathophysiology have led to new therapeutic concepts. Based on these, many new compounds have been developed during the last years, which target these different pathways and offer specific therapeutic approaches.
Monitoring war‐generated environmental security using remote sensing: A review
Authors: Kaplan Gordana , Rashid Tatjana , Gasparovic Mateo , Pietrelli Andrea , Ferrara Vincenzo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe negative impact humans have on the environment directly affects the environmental security. Over the years, it has been proven that wars make drastic and sometimes unrecoverable environmental damage. Remote sensing has played a main role in providing necessary data for spatiotemporal analysis. This paper reviews remote sensing implementation of war activities for environmental monitoring. This review is timely due to the exponentially increasing number of works published in recent years. This paper's main objective is to locate the papers and find geographic link, sensor use, and environmental degradation type. Following a discussion of remote sensing's capabilities, this overview illustrates numerous environmental damages caused by military operations in various world places. Our study found that wars have a detrimental influence on the ecosystem across the world, with major reasons being forest loss, oil spills, and urban growth. According to the findings, remote sensing, particularly middle‐resolution satellite images, is extensively and successfully employed for environmental security monitoring. The rehabilitation of a deteriorated environment should be one of the key areas of future study.
Selective transfer of nerve to supinator to restore digital extension in central cord syndrome: An anatomical study and a case report
Authors: Melamed Eitan , Patel Neehar , Duarte Elisa Cristiana Winkelmann , Nascimento Alexandra S. C. Q. , Bertelli Jayme Augusto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNerve transfers are increasingly used to restore upper extremity function in patients with spinal cord injury. However, the role of nerve transfers for central cord syndrome is still being established. The purpose of this study is to report the anatomical feasibility and clinical use of nerve transfer of supinator motor branches (NS) to restore finger extension in a central cord syndrome patient.Materials and MethodsThe posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), its superficial division, and branches were dissected in 14 fresh cadavers, with a mean age of 65 (58–79). Measurements included number and length of branches of donor and recipient, diameters, regeneration distance from coaptation site to motor entry point and axonal counts. A NS transfer to extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor digiti quinti (EDQ) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) was performed in a 28‐year‐old patient, with central cord syndrome after a motorcycle accident, who did not recover active finger extension at 10 months post injury.ResultsThe PIN consistently divided into a deep and superficial branch between 1.5 cm proximal to, and 2 cm distal to the distal boundary of the supinator. The superficial branch provided a first common branch to the ECU and EDQ. In 12/14 dissections, the EDC was innervated by a 4 cm long branch that entered the muscle on its radial deep surface. In all cases, the superficial branch of the PIN could be separated in a retrograde fashion from the PIN and coapted with NS. The mean myelinated fiber count in nerve to EDC was 401 ± 190 compared to 398 ± 75 in the NS. At 48 months after surgery, with the wrist at neutral, the patient recovered full metacarpophalangeal extension scoring M4. Supination was preserved with the elbow extended or flexed.ConclusionsRestoration of finger extension in central cord syndrome is possible with a selective transfer of the NS to EDC, and is anatomically feasible with a short regeneration distance and favorable axonal count ratio.
Motion correction for three‐dimensional chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging without direct water saturation artifacts
Authors: Breitling Johannes , Korzowski Andreas , Kempa Neele , Boyd Philip S. , Paech Daniel , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Goerke Steffen 
Published: March 2022

In chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, motion correction is compromised by the drastically changing image contrast at different frequency offsets, particularly at the direct water saturation. In this study, a simple extension for conventional image registration algorithms is proposed, enabling robust and accurate motion correction of CEST‐MRI data. The proposed method uses weighted averaging of motion parameters from a conventional rigid image registration to identify and mitigate erroneously misaligned images. Functionality of the proposed method was verified by ground truth datasets generated from 10 three‐dimensional in vivo measurements at 3 T with simulated realistic random rigid motion patterns and noise. Performance was assessed using two different criteria: the maximum image misalignment as a measure for the robustness against direct water saturation artifacts, and the spectral error as a measure of the overall accuracy. For both criteria, the proposed method achieved the best scores compared with two motion‐correction algorithms specifically developed to handle the varying contrasts in CEST‐MRI. Compared with a straightforward linear interpolation of the motion parameters at frequency offsets close to the direct water saturation, the proposed method offers better performance in the absence of artifacts. The proposed method for motion correction in CEST‐MRI allows identification and mitigation of direct water saturation artifacts that occur with conventional image registration algorithms. The resulting improved robustness and accuracy enable reliable motion correction, which is particularly crucial for an automated and carefree evaluation of spectral CEST‐MRI data, e.g., for large patient cohorts or in clinical routines.
Quality of life assessment instruments in adult patients receiving home parenteral and enteral nutrition: A scoping review
Authors: Chen Chulin , Zhu Dongmei , Zhao Zehua , Ye Xianghong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuality of life (QoL) assessment is important to evaluate the effect of the intervention for patients treated with home parenteral and enteral nutrition (HPEN). The purpose of this scoping review is to describe, evaluate, and recommend QoL instruments used in adult patients receiving HPEN. We used the Arksey and O'Malley framework and performed literature searches in five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify possibly relevant articles that focused on QoL of adult patients receiving HPEN. Of the studies that qualify for full‐text screening, two independent researchers extracted data. Twenty‐seven QoL instruments were identified, consisting of seven generic instruments, 12 disease‐specific instruments, and eight therapy‐specific instruments. The Short Form‐36 was the most widely used generic instrument and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 was the most commonly employed disease‐specific instrument. The recently developed therapy‐specific tools, NutriQoL and HPN‐QoL, were increasingly employed in studies either alone or in combination with other types of instruments. Important aspects of each instrument were summarized to aid clinicians and researchers in selecting an appropriate instrument when measuring the QoL of adult HPEN patients. Findings could also help to identify the necessity to develop new tools or to modify pre‐existing ones to measure QoL of HPEN patients.
A mechanics‐informed artificial neural network approach in data‐driven constitutive modeling
Authors: As'ad Faisal , Avery Philip , Farhat Charbel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA mechanics‐informed artificial neural network approach for learning constitutive laws governing complex, nonlinear, elastic materials from strain–stress data is proposed. The approach features a robust and accurate method for training a regression‐based model capable of capturing highly nonlinear strain–stress mappings, while preserving some fundamental principles of solid mechanics. In this sense, it is a structure‐preserving approach for constructing a data‐driven model featuring both the form‐agnostic advantage of purely phenomenological data‐driven regressions and the physical soundness of mechanistic models. The proposed methodology enforces desirable mathematical properties on the network architecture to guarantee the satisfaction of physical constraints such as objectivity, consistency (preservation of rigid body modes), dynamic stability, and material stability, which are important for successfully exploiting the resulting model in numerical simulations. Indeed, embedding such notions in a learning approach reduces a model's sensitivity to noise and promotes its robustness to inputs outside the training domain. The merits of the proposed learning approach are highlighted using several finite element analysis examples. Its potential for ensuring the computational tractability of multi‐scale applications is demonstrated with the acceleration of the nonlinear, dynamic, multi‐scale, fluid‐structure simulation of the supersonic inflation dynamics of a parachute system with a canopy made of a woven fabric.
Exploring the inclusion of developmental stress trajectories on past adult mortality patterns: Quantifying skeletal plasticity and adult mortality risk in post‐medieval London using a probability tree model
Authors: Sabazali Cynthia , Cheverko Colleen M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSufficient evidence supports arguments that early life conditions can influence adult morbidity and mortality in the past and present. Critical periods in which individuals are more susceptible to stressors leading to long‐term effects vary, but how often and to what degree these long‐term effects occur is less certain. To evaluate skeletal stress markers that fully develop during different life history stages (i.e., childhood and adolescence) and explore their influence on adult morbidity and mortality, we constructed four growth trajectory categories to estimate the effect of developmental timing of stress indicators on adult mortality risk in skeletal samples from post‐medieval London (n = 118 individuals). To construct these growth trajectory categories, linear enamel hypoplasia and tibial length were used as evidence of early life stress during childhood and extended into adolescence. Pairwise relationships between growth trajectory scores and variables such as age, sex, and cemetery were explored using Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Long‐term effects were also evaluated using Factorial ANOVA as a multifactorial method to test correlations between categorical variables of early life stress and adult mortality risk. Results suggest there was no relationship between age‐at‐death and growth trajectory score, with the only significance in growth disruption score being between tibial stunting and age‐at‐death in males. Socioeconomic status did not impact results of this study, with only two statistically significant relationships noted for one cemetery. Results comparing males and females also yielded no significant differences, indicating sex was not a significant covariate. Overall, this paper presents a model that can help investigate differences between various developmental origins frameworks and be built upon by future researchers using different stress indicators, datasets, and skeletal samples to investigate potential change through time in lived experiences and how that change through time impacts patterns of mortality risk.
Mixed H∞ and passivity guaranteed cost proportional‐integral control for interval‐valued type‐2 fuzzy systems with input delay
Authors: Sakthivel Natarajan , Suruthi Sri Coimbatore Annamalai , Ma Yong‐Ki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper focuses on the problem of mixed and passivity guaranteed cost control of an interval‐valued type‐2 (IT‐2) fuzzy system with time‐varying input delay and exogenous disturbance. For this, an IT‐2 fuzzy‐model‐based system with a mismatched membership grade function is formulated. The main objective is to design a proportional‐integral controller that stimulates our system to attain its equilibrium state even with the occupancy of exogenous disturbance and input delay in the system. In addition, a quadratic cost function is constructed such that the cost function of the closed‐loop IT‐2 fuzzy system is lower than the upper‐bound cost index. Mixed and passivity performance indices are then calculated to address the exogenous disturbance in the system. A set of new criteria ensuring the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop IT‐2 fuzzy system with input delay are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities with the aid of Lyapunov stability theory and the employment of a Wirtinger‐based inequality. Finally, two example simulations are conducted to validate our theoretical results.
Effect of di‐halogen monomers embraced in main chain of low‐dielectric colorless fluorene‐based poly(aryl ether)s on their performance
Authors: Zhu Linyan , Zong Lishuai , Wang Chenghao , Liu Xiuli , Yuan Bo , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDi‐halogen monomer structures play crucial roles in determining the combined properties of high‐performance poly(aryl ether)s for microelectronic applications. In order to disclose such relationship in detail, 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (BHF) was utilized to polymerize with various di‐halogen monomers, bearing phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine, ketone, sulfone, nitrile, diketone moieties. Through solution nucleophilic substitution polymeri‐zation, a series of linear poly(fluorenyl aryl ether) (PFEX) was prepared. FTIR,1H‐NMR were resorted to confirm the polymer structure. PFEXs with high molecular weight exhibited a combination of excellent properties. Poly(fluorenyl aryl ether phenyl‐s‐triazine) (PFEP) and poly(fluorenyl aryl ether sulfone) (PFES) showed low dielectric constant of 2.59 and 2.43, respectively. Representatively, PFEP with Td5%value as high as 561 °C and Tgup to 302 °C showed high light transmittance (86.94%), and tensile strength up to 91 MPa. Based on free volume calculation by molecular dynamics method, it was found that rigid and bulky structures, such as phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine and sulfone groups, were proved to be beneficial for polymer thermal performance along with the dielectric property and light transparence. Robust polar group, for instance nitrile group, contributed more to thermal resistance, however, negatively affected the dielectric property. This work provide commendable suggestions for di‐halogen monomer selection for future low‐dielectric poly(aryl ether) developments.
Feasibility and safety of outpatient administration of ifosfamide and etoposide for pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma in a resource‐limited setting amid the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sarfraz Saliha , Saeed Haleema 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo assess feasibility and safety of outpatient administration of ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) for pediatric Ewing sarcoma (EWS) patients in a resource‐limited setting amid the COVID‐19 pandemic.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of patients with EWS who received outpatient IE from January 2020 until January 2021 at our institution. Ifosfamide 1800 mg/m2 was given for 5 days with MESNA (2‐mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium) infusion and additional boluses before and after 9 hours of hydration. Patients >10 years of age with the ability to drink orally at home, no pre‐existing renal dysfunction or history of hematuria were included. They were monitored for hemorrhagic cystitis with a urine dipstick before, midway, and at end of infusion. A urine analysis was done 24 hours after the last dose of ifosfamide.ResultsForty‐seven (100%) cycles were given as outpatient during the study period. Thirty‐five (74%) cycles were given on time, two (4%) cycles were delayed due to mucositis, two (4%) due to delayed count recovery, and eight (18%) due to unavailability of outpatient appointments. The median interval between these cycles was 15 days (range 14–44 days). No episode of hemorrhagic cystitis was reported. Urine analysis was not done at 24 hours for 27 (58%) cycles, so microscopic hematuria may have been missed. This outpatient protocol saved 32% (USD 299) per cycle in cost and 282 days of hospitalization.ConclusionOutpatient administration of IE for pediatric patients with EWS is feasible, safe, and cost‐effective during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/ramie fiber biocomposites
Authors: Li Guili , Hao Mingliang , Chen Yifei , Li Haimei , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/natural fiber composites are considered as environmentally friendly materials and are becoming one of the research hotspots. Many research achievements of PLA and its composites prefer to focus on modification and the macro‐properties of composites while there are few works on relationships between processing, structures, and properties. The ramie fiber (RF) reinforced PLA biological composites were prepared and PLA/RF injection‐molded samples were fabricated to investigate effects of RF percentage (0, 5 wt% RF, 10 wt% RF, 15 wt% RF, 20 wt% RF) on PLA crystallization, thermal and mechanical performance by experimental and numerical methods. Experimental and simulated results indicate that the RF serves as a kind of nucleation agent, accelerates the crystallization rate, shortens the half crystallization time of PLA. The degree of crystallinity is up to 16.2% when PLA is with 20 wt% RF. The half crystallization time of PLA with 5 wt% RF composite is reduced by up to 28%. Correspondingly, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PLA composites are also improved by the RF without sacrificing thermal stability.
Relationship of anthropometric measurements and percent body fat mass to cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kivlehan Emily , Gaebler‐Spira Deborah , Chen Liqi , Garrett Ariane , Wysocki Nicole , Marciniak Christina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdults with cerebral palsy (CP) face high morbidity from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of concern, classic screening parameters are inconsistent in identifying CVD risk in this population. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA), which provides direct measurements of fat mass (FM), may be an alternative screening method.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether FM measurement with DEXA is feasible in screening adults with CP and compare FM and anthropometric measures to CVD risk factors.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingOutpatient rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsForty‐seven adults with CP.Main Outcome MeasuresWeight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured; waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Blood pressure (BP), FM by DEXA, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid measurements were obtained. Logistic regression models investigated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between anthropometric measurements/FM and CVD risk factors; correlations were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsElevated BP or hypertension diagnosis was present in 47.8%; HbA1c ≥5.7% in 22.2%; and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level below optimal for 33.3%. DEXA FM was obtained in 29 of 47 participants, as surgical metal and positioning limited many studies. Excess FM was noted in 75.9% versus 41.3% overweight/obese by BMI. WC correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.46, p = .002), HDL (r = −0.36, p = .018), and triglyceride (TG) levels (r = 0.30, p = .045); however at‐risk WC values were associated only with odds of elevated HbA1c (OR 8.53, 95% CI 1.46–50.05; p = .018). HC correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.38, p = .011) and systolic BPs (r = 0.35, p = .019); similarly, ORs for elevated HC were weakly associated with elevated HbA1c and BPs (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16; p = .024 and OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14; p = .024, respectively). WHR correlated with TGs; however few TG levels were elevated. FM measures were not associated with at‐risk lab values or BPs.ConclusionsDEXA FM measurements may not be feasible for CVD screening in many adults with CP. Although CVD risk factors are frequently present, anthropometric measurements commonly used for general population screening may not translate well to adults with CP.