bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T cell‐inflamed gene expression profile is associated with favorable disease‐specific survival in non‐hypermutated microsatellite‐stable colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Yin Hang , Harrison Tabitha A. , Thomas Sushma S. , Sather Cassie L. , Koehne Amanda L. , Malen Rachel C. , Reedy Adriana M. , Wurscher Michelle A. , Hsu Li , Phipps Amanda I. , Zaidi Syed H. E. , Newcomb Polly A. , Peters Ulrike , Huyghe Jeroen R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe anti‐tumor immune response plays a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and survival. The T cell‐inflamed gene expression profile (GEP) is a biomarker predicting response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy across immunogenic cancer types, but the prognostic value in CRC is unknown. We evaluated associations with disease‐specific survival, somatic mutations, and examined its differentially expressed genes and pathways among 84 sporadic CRC patients from the Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry.MethodsGene expression profiling was performed using Nanostring's nCounter PanCancer IO 360 panel. Somatic mutations were identified by a targeted DNA sequencing panel.ResultsThe T cell‐inflamed GEP was positively associated with tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability high (MSI‐H). Higher T cell‐inflamed GEP had favorable CRC‐specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation unit = 0.50, p = 0.004) regardless of hypermutation or MSI status. Analysis of recurrently mutated genes having at least 10 mutation carriers, suggested that the T cell‐inflamed GEP is positively associated with RYR1, and negatively associated with APC. However, these associations were attenuated after adjusting for hypermutation or MSI status. We also found that expression of genes RPL23, EPCAM, AREG and ITGA6, and the Wnt signaling pathway was negatively associated with the T cell‐inflamed GEP, which might indicate immune‐inhibitory mechanisms.ConclusionsOur results show that the T cell‐inflamed GEP is a prognostic biomarker in non‐hypermutated microsatellite‐stable CRC. This also suggests that patient stratification for immunotherapy within this CRC subgroup should be explored further. Moreover, reported immune‐inhibitory gene expression signals may suggest targets for therapeutic combination with immunotherapy.
Accelerated Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Enzymatic Degradation by Room Temperature Alkali Pre‐treatment for Reduced Polymer Crystallinity
Authors: Giraldo‐Narcizo Sariah , Guenani Nihal , Sánchez‐Pérez Ana María , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely employed plastic for single‐use applications. The use of enzymes isolated from microorganisms, such as PETase with the capacity to hydrolyze PET into its monomers, represents a promising method for its sustainable recycling. However, the accessibility of the enzyme to the hydrolysable bonds is an important challenge that needs to be addressed for effective biodegradation of postconsumer PET. Here, we combined an alkali pre‐treatment (25 °C) with PETase incubation (30 °C) with post‐consumed PET bottles. The pre‐treatment modifies the surface of the plastic and decreases its crystallinity enabling the access of the enzyme to the hydrolysable chemical bonds. When the alkali pre‐treatment is incorporated into the enzymatic process the degradation yields increase more than one order of magnitude reaching values comparable to those obtained during heating/cooling cycles. Our results show energetic advantages over other reported pre‐treatments and open new avenues for sustainable PET recycling.
Biosynthetic Pathways of Dimeric Natural Products Containing Bisanthraquinone and Related Xanthones
Authors: Yuan Zhenbo , Xu Huibin , Zhang Yan , Rao Yijian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany dimeric natural products containing bisanthraquinone and related xanthones with diverse structures and versatile bioactivities have been isolated over the years. However, the complicated biosynthetic pathways of such natural products, which have remained elusive until recently, negatively impact their mass bioproduction and biosynthetic structural modification for drug discovery. In this concept, we summarize the recent progress in gene cluster mining and biosynthetic pathway elucidation of natural products containing bisanthraquinone and related xanthones. These pioneering works may pave the way for further biosynthetic pathway elucidation and structure modification of dimeric natural products through gene and protein engineering.
Meckel's diverticulum causing acute intestinal obstruction: A case series
Authors: Bhattarai Himal Bikram , Bhattarai Madhur , Shah Sangam , Singh Aakriti , Yadav Saroj Kumar , Yadav Binita Kumari , Uprety Manish , Subedi Ayusha , Singh Prabesh Bikram , Priya Anshu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Most cases are asymptomatic and when symptomatic, preoperative diagnosis of MD is poor. Intestinal obstruction, Malena or hematochezia, and inflammation are major symptoms. We report three cases of 18‐month, 2‐year, and 9‐year old male patients presenting with intestinal obstruction.
Laryngotracheal separation surgery in a patient with severe Angelman syndrome involving a 19.3 Mb deletion on 15q11.2–q14
Authors: Horikawa Yohei , Yatsuga Shuichi , Ohya Takashi , Okamatsu Yuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA severe Angelman syndrome (AS) patient with a very large deletion (19.3 Mb) at 15q11.2‐q14 required laryngotracheal separation, which is not a common surgery in AS. Comparative genomic hybridization‐based microarrays can be useful to confirm deletion size and clinical severity.
NMR chiral recognition of lipoic acid by cinchonidine CSA: A stereocenter beyond the organic function
Authors: Marta Talia Behnen , Argondizzo Augusto Cardozo , da Silva Oliboni Robson , Silva Márcio Santos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlpha‐lipoic acid is a natural product that possesses distinct pharmacological properties. Lipoic acid is a short‐chain fatty acid containing an asymmetric carbon at five bonds of distance to the organic function. Herein, we developed a nuclear magnetic resonance protocol to access the chiral recognition of lipoic acid in a simple and rapid procedure employing cinchonidine as a cheap chiral solvation agent in deuterated chloroform. To optimize this method, a statistical design of the experimental model was performed to produce a clear understanding of the optimal concentration, temperature, and molar ratio parameters. Based on the obtained spectra, the cinchonidine H8‐H9 scalar coupling indicated a conformational preference in the chiral discrimination procedure. Density functional theory calculations established a proximity between the asymmetric center of lipoic acid and the aromatic moiety of cinchonidine, clarifying possible conformations in this ion‐pair interaction. The described protocol demonstrates how far is far enough to chiral discrimination using a chiral solvation agent, expanding the method to compounds that contain a remote stereocenter.
Prognostic modeling of cutaneous melanoma stage I patients using cancer registry data identifies subsets with very‐low melanoma mortality
Authors: Eguchi Megan M. , Elder David E. , Barnhill Raymond L. , Piepkorn Michael W. , Knezevich Stevan R. , Elmore Joann G. , Kerr Kathleen F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence exists that escalating melanoma incidence is due in part to overdiagnosis, the diagnosis of lesions that will not lead to symptoms or death. The authors aimed to characterize subsets of melanoma patients with very‐low risk of death that may be contributing to overdiagnosis.MethodsMelanoma patients diagnosed in 2010 and 2011 with stage I lesions ≤1.0 mm thick and negative clinical lymph nodes from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were selected. Classification and regression tree and logistic regression models were developed and validated to identify patients with very‐low risk of death from melanoma within 7 years. Logistic models were also used to identify patients at higher risk of death among this group of stage I patients.ResultsCompared to an overall 7‐year mortality from melanoma of 2.5% in these patients, a subset comprising 25% had a risk below 1%. Younger age at diagnosis and Clark level II were associated with low risk of death in all models. Breslow thickness below 0.4 mm, absence of mitogenicity, absence of ulceration, and female sex were also associated with lower mortality. A small subset of high‐risk patients with >20% risk of death was also identified.ConclusionPatients with very‐low risk of dying from melanoma within 7 years of diagnosis were identified. Such cases warrant further study and consensus discussion to develop classification criteria, with the potential to be categorized using an alternative term such as “melanocytic neoplasms of low malignant potential.”Lay summary

Although melanoma is the most serious skin cancer, most melanoma patients have high chances of survival.
There is evidence that some lesions diagnosed as melanoma would never have caused symptoms or death, a phenomenon known as overdiagnosis.
In this study, we used cancer registry data to identify a subset of early‐stage melanoma patients with almost no melanoma deaths.
Using two statistical approaches, we identified patients with <1% risk of dying from melanoma in 7 years.
Such patients tended to be younger with minimal invasion into the skin.
We also identified a very small patient subset with higher mortality risk.
Representative‐discriminativedictionary learning algorithm for human action recognition using smartphone sensors
Authors: Rajamoney Jansi , Ramachandran Amutha 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYWith the advancement of mobile computing, understanding, and interpretation of human activities has become increasingly popular as an innovative human computer interaction application over the past few decades. This article presents a new scheme for action recognition based on sparse representation theory using a novel dictionary learning algorithm. This system employs two types of inertial signals from smartphones namely, accelerometer and gyroscope sensory data. Attainment of higher values of classification accuracy depends on the creation of effective dictionaries that completely retain the important features of every action while maintaining the least correlation with the features of other actions. Accordingly, in this research, we propose a new algorithm for learning dictionaries with two levels of dictionary training that aims at learning a compact, representative, and discriminative dictionary for each class. Unlike typical dictionary learning algorithms that aim at the creation of dictionaries that best represents the features of each class, our proposed algorithm incorporates a discriminative criterion that eventually produces better classification results. To validate the proposed framework, all the experiments were performed using three publicly available datasets.
Improved single shot detection using DenseNet for tiny target detection
Authors: Wang Shudi , Xu Manman , Sun Ying , Jiang Guozhang , Weng Yaoqing , Liu Xin , Zhao Guojun , Fan Hanwen , Li Jun , Zou Cejing , Xie Yuanmin , Huang Li , Chen Baojia 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAs the development of deep learning and the continuous improvement of computing power, as well as the needs of social production, target detection has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, target detection algorithm has the problem that it is more sensitive to large targets and does not consider the feature‐feature interrelationship, which leads to a high false detection or missed detection rate of small targets. An small target detection method (C‐SSD) based on improved SSD is proposed, that replaces the backbone network VGG‐16 of the SSD network with the improved dense convolution network (C‐DenseNet) network to achieves further feature fusion through fast connections between dense blocks. The Introduction of residuals in the prediction layer and DIoU‐NMS further improves the detection accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that C‐SSD outperforms other networks at three different image scales and achieves the best performance of 83. A 8% accuracy on the PASCAL VOC2007 test set, proving the effectiveness of the algorithm. C‐SSD achieves a better balance of speed and accuracy, showing excellent performance in rapid detection of small targets.
Suicidal ideation and attempts in adults seeking outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy
Authors: Singer Susanne , Sievers Luisa , Scholz Ida , Taylor Katherine , Blanck Julian , Maier Lena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuicide is an important cause of death in patients with mental health disorders, but little is known about the occurrence of suicidal ideation and attempts in outpatient psychotherapy patients. The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of patients with and correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts in community‐based psychotherapy practices. Using 983 applications for reimbursement of psychotherapy from individual patients, reports about suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts were extracted along with demographic, biographic and clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts by calculating odds ratios (ORs). Among the patients, 19% presented with suicidal thoughts (11% currently and 8% in the past) and 6% with suicide attempts. Important correlates of suicidal thoughts were male gender (OR 1.7), lower education (OR 1.8), early retirement (OR 2.9), death of a parent when younger than 5 years old (OR 3.3), violence experienced from various people (OR 2.1), self‐harm behaviour (OR 7.9) and alcohol misuse (OR 1.7). Suicide attempts were associated with male gender (OR 5.6), lower education (OR 4.2), violence experienced from partner (OR 2.5) or from various people (OR 9.5) and self‐harm behaviour (OR 15.0). These results show that the proportion of suicidal patients seeking outpatient psychotherapy is high. It should therefore be a central topic in clinical training. Biographic data such as the loss of a parent at an early age or experiencing violence are associated with who is at increased risk and should be explored in detail.
Variation for turfgrass performance in a set of Lolium perenne germplasm evaluated under limited irrigation
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Bushman B. Shaun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a major turfgrass species in temperate regions around the world. Unfortunately, it lacks drought tolerance compared with other cool‐season turfgrass species and often requires substantial inputs of freshwater as supplemental irrigation to achieve high turfgrass quality. To address the need for more drought‐tolerant perennial ryegrass, we conducted an evaluation of perennial ryegrass germplasm from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System under deficit irrigation conditions and two mowing heights at Kaysville and Logan, UT during 2017 and 2018. We characterized turfgrass dark green color, ground cover, density, and quality using digital photography to capture images that we then converted to trait values using the TurfAnalyzer software. The higher mowing height resulted in greater ground cover, density, and quality. The collection of 49 germplasm accessions and 11 cultivars exhibited substantial variation for turfgrass dark green color, ground cover, density, and quality. Cultivars included as checks generally had greater turfgrass color and density, but the germplasm accessions generally had greater turfgrass ground cover and quality. Selection among these germplasm accessions will provide elite germplasm with utility for improving these traits in applied perennial ryegrass turfgrass breeding programs.
A comparative study between trait selections and marker‐assisted selections to improve fiber strength in upland cotton
Authors: Zeng Linghe , Fang David D. , Li Ping , Delhom Christopher D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA determination of efficiency in the use of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for improving cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality is critical for a successful utilization of MAS in cotton breeding. This study was designed to determine selection responses and realized heritability (h2) of fiber strength selected by MAS in comparison with phenotype selections by traditional breeding. Previously identified single‐sequence repeats markers, CGR6764 and DPL0852, flanking a fiber strength quantitative trait locus on chromosome A07 were used in MAS. Two genetic populations, MD15/TAM98D‐99ne (Pop 1) and TAM98D‐99ne/UA48 (Pop 2), were developed. F2 plants were selected by three methods based on (1) phenotype, (2) combined marker‐genotype and phenotype (MAS‐1), and (3) marker‐genotype alone (MAS‐2) in Pop 1 and two methods based on phenotype and MAS‐1 in Pop 2. F3 progeny rows derived from the selected F2 plants were planted with two replicates in 2019. In Pop 1, the fiber strength mean of the selected F3 progenies was in an order of MAS‐1 > MAS‐2 > phenotype selection. In Pop 2, there was no significant difference in strength between F3 progenies derived from selections by MAS‐1 and phenotypic breeding. In Pop 1, h2 of MAS selections was higher than phenotype selections. In Pop 2, h2 of MAS selections was similar to the phenotype selections. The results indicate that selection efficiency by MAS for fiber strength is better than or equivalent to phenotype selection.
Comprehensive profiling of the human viral exposome in households containing an at‐risk child with mitochondrial disease during the 2020–2021 COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gordon‐Lipkin Eliza M. , Marcum Christopher S. , Kruk Shannon , Thompson Elizabeth , Kelly Sophie E. M. , Kalish Heather , Bellusci Lorenza , Khurana Surender , Sadtler Kaitlyn , McGuire Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundViral infection is a major cause of morbidity in children with mitochondrial disease (MtD). As a result, families with children with MtD are highly adherent to risk mitigation behaviours (RMBs) advised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the COVID‐19 pandemic that can modulate infection risk.MethodsDeep serologic phenotyping of viral infections was performed via home‐based sampling by combining SARS‐CoV‐2 serologic testing and phage display immunoprecipitation and sequencing. Samples were collected approximately 1 year apart (October 2020 to April 2021 and October 2021 to March 2022) on households containing a child with MtD.ResultsIn contrast to our first collection in 2020–2021, SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody profiles for all participants in 2021–2022 were marked by greater isotype diversity and the appearance of neutralizing antibodies. Besides SARS‐CoV‐2, households (N = 15) were exposed to >38 different respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses during the study, averaging five viral infections per child with MtD. Regarding clinical outcomes, children with MtD (N = 17) experienced 34 episodes of illness resulting in 6 hospitalizations, with some children experiencing multiple episodes. Neurologic events following illness were recorded in five patients. Infections were identified via clinical testing in only seven cases. Viral exposome profiles were consistent with clinical testing and even identified infections not captured by clinical testing.ConclusionsDespite reported adherence to RMBs during the COVID‐19 pandemic by families with a child with MtD, viral infection was pervasive. Not all infections resulted in illness in the child with MtD, suggesting that some were subclinical or asymptomatic. However, selected children with MtD did experience neurologic events. Our studies emphasize that viral infections are inexorable, emphasizing the need for further understanding of host‐pathogen interactions through broad serologic surveillance.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular and molecular reprograming landscape of gliomas and lung cancer brain metastases
Authors: Sun He‐Fen , Li Liang‐Dong , Lao I‐Weng , Li Xuan , Xu Bao‐Jin , Cao Yi‐Qun , Jin Wei 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundBrain malignancies encompass gliomas and brain metastases originating from extracranial tumours including lung cancer. Approximately 50% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) will eventually develop
brain metastases. However, the specific characteristics of gliomas and lung‐to‐brain metastases (LC) are largely unknown.MethodsWe applied single‐cell RNA sequencing to profile immune and nonimmune cells in 4 glioma and 10 LC samples.ResultsOur analysis revealed that tumour microenvironment (TME) cells are present in heterogeneous subpopulations. LC reprogramed cells into immune suppressed state, including microglia, macrophages, endothelial cells, and CD8+ T cells, with unique cell proportions and gene signatures. Particularly, we identified that a subset of macrophages was associated with poor prognosis. ROS (reactive oxygen species)‐producing neutrophils was found to participant in angiogenesis. Furthermore, endothelial cells participated in active communication with fibroblasts. Metastatic epithelial cells exhibited high heterogeneity in chromosomal instability (CIN) and cell population.ConclusionsOur findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the heterogenicity of the tumor microenvironment and tumour cells and it will be crucial for successful immunotherapy development for brain metastasis of lung cancer.
Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist or sacubitril/valsartan
Authors: Yang Mingming , Butt Jawad H. , Kondo Toru , Jering Karola S. , Docherty Kieran F. , Jhund Pardeep S. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Claggett Brian L. , Desai Akshay S. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Martinez Felipe A. , Petersson Magnus , Shah Sanjiv J. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Wilderäng Ulrica , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAimsThe effects of adding a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) or an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) in patients with heart failure (HF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are uncertain, even though the use of all three drugs is recommended in recent guidelines.Methods and resultsThe efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin added to background MRA or ARNI therapy was examined in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF enrolled in the DELIVER trial. The primary outcome was the composite of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. Of 6263 patients, 2667 (42.6%) were treated with an MRA and 301 (4.8%) with an ARNI at baseline. Patients taking either were younger, more often men and had lower systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction; they were also more likely to have prior HF hospitalization. The benefit of dapagliflozin was similar whether patients were receiving these therapies. The hazard ratio for the effect of dapagliflozin compared to placebo on the primary outcome was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.01) for MRA non‐users versus 0.76 (95% CI 0.64–0.91) for MRA users (pinteraction = 0.30). The corresponding values for ARNI non‐users and users were 0.82 (95% CI 0.73–0.92) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.45–1.22), respectively (pinteraction = 0.75). None of the adverse events examined was more common with dapagliflozin compared to placebo overall or in the MRA and ARNI subgroups.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin were similar, regardless of background treatment with an MRA or ARNI. SGLT2 inhibitors may be added to other treatments recommended in recent guidelines for HFmrEF/HFpEF.