bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cogenesis of Baryon asymmetry and gravitational dark matter from primordial black holes
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Borah Debasish , Jyoti Das Suruj , Roshan Rishav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a scenario where dark matter (DM) with a wide mass range from a few keV to PeV can be produced solely from evaporating primordial black holes (PBH), while being consistent with the required free streaming length for structure formation. If DM does not have any other interactions apart from gravity and the universe has a PBH dominated phase at early epoch, then PBH evaporation typically leads to overproduction of DM in this mass range. By incorporating this gravitational DM within a Type-I seesaw scenario with three right handed neutrinos (RHN), we bring the abundance of PBH generated DM within observed limits by late entropy injection due to decay of one of the RHNs, acting as the diluter. The diluter, due to its feeble coupling with the bath particles, gets produced primarily from the PBH evaporation thereby leading to the second stage of early matter domination after the end of PBH dominated era. The other two RHNs contribute to the origin of light neutrino mass and also lead to the observed baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis with contributions from both thermally and PBH generated RHNs. The criteria of DM relic and baryon asymmetry can be satisfied simultaneously if DM mass gets restricted to a ballpark in the MeV-GeV regime with the requirement of resonant leptogenesis for heavier DM mass in order to survive the large entropy dilution at late epochs.
Freeze-in and freeze-out of sterile neutrino dark matter
Authors: Coy Rupert , Schmidt Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A sterile neutrino with a keV-scale mass is a compelling dark matter candidate. We propose a new production mechanism involving the decay and annihilation of a complex scalar singlet with a Higgs portal coupling which develops a vacuum expectation value. The interactions of the resulting pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson may thermalise the dark sector.
We determine the region of parameter space where dark sector thermalisation is reached and discuss the most relevant cosmological observables.
The scenario can be considered as the combination of a freeze-in of the dark sector followed by relativistic freeze-out.
Effective field theory of gravitating continuum: solids, fluids, and aether unified
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Mukohyama Shinji , Takahashi Kazufumi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the relativistic effective field theory (EFT) describing a non-dissipative gravitating continuum. In addition to ordinary continua, namely solids and fluids, we find an extraordinary more symmetric continuum, aether. In particular, the symmetry of the aether concludes that a homogeneous and isotropic state behaves like a cosmological constant. We formulate the EFT in the unitary/comoving gauge in which the dynamical degrees of freedom of the continuum (phonons) are eaten by the spacetime metric. This gauge choice, which is interpreted as the Lagrangian description in hydrodynamics, offers a neat geometrical understanding of continua. We examine a thread-based spacetime decomposition with respect to the four-velocity of the continuum which is different from the foliation-based Arnowitt-Deser-Misner one. Our thread-based decomposition respects the symmetries of the continua and, therefore, makes it possible to systematically find invariant building blocks of the EFT for each continuum even at higher orders in the derivative expansion. We also discuss the linear dynamics of the system and show that both gravitons and phonons acquire “masses” in a gravitating background.
Conditioning diffusion processes with killing rates
Authors: Mazzolo Alain , Monthus Cécile 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When the unconditioned process is a diffusion submitted to a space-dependent killing rate

k

(

x

→

)

, various conditioning constraints can be imposed for a finite time horizon T. We first analyze the conditioned process when one imposes both the surviving distribution at time T and the killing-distribution for the intermediate times t ∈ [0, T]. When the conditioning constraints are less-detailed than these full distributions, we construct the appropriate conditioned processes via the optimization of the dynamical large deviations at level 2.5 in the presence of the conditioning constraints that one wishes to impose. Finally, we describe various conditioned processes for the infinite horizon T → +∞. This general construction is then applied to two illustrative examples in order to generate stochastic trajectories satisfying various types of conditioning constraints: the first example concerns the pure diffusion in dimension d with the quadratic killing rate

k

(

x

→

)

=
γ

x

→

2

, while the second example is the Brownian motion with uniform drift submitted to the delta killing rate k(x) = kδ(x) localized at the origin x = 0.
3rd International Conference on Mathematics and Applied Sciences (ICMAS), College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq in 23-24 March, 2022.
Authors: Abid Salah Hamza , Obaid Ahmed J. , Eidi Jaafer Hmood 
Published: August 2022

ICMAS Conference Proceeding is the 3rd Edition of the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University Conferences. ICMAS involved Our Peer-Reviewed Papers that were reviewed and presented through the 3rd International Conference on Mathematics and Applied Sciences (ICMAS) held in the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from 23 to 24 March 2022. ICMAS Aims to bring together all aspects and research works in a scientific platform to discuss the latest and new trends in topics covered under broad areas such as (but not limited to): Functional, Nodal, and Mathematical Analysis, Dynamic Systems, and Control Systems, Statistics and Operations Research, Numerical Analysis, Differential Equations and Optimization, Algebra, Topological Aspects, Plasma, and Theoretical Physics, Materials Physics, Materials Analysis, Characterization, Optics, Quantum Optics and Lasers, Mathematical Physics, Applied Physics, Statistical physics, Nonlinear systems, Networking, Communications, Image Processing, Data Security, Vacuum Science, Information Technology and Its Applications. The conference is co-published by Journal of Physics: Conference Series, ISSN: 1742-6588, 1742-6596.
List of Conference Committees, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, International Committee, Conference Tracks, Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions, Conference Proceeding of 1st Day (23 March 2022), Conference Sessions (Day 1: 23 March 2022), Conference Sessions (Day 2: 24 March 2022), Wishing to Participate with our Next Conference are available in the pdf
Using Simulation to Estimate Reliability Function for Lomax-Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: Salih Makki A. Mohammed , Kahmees Ahmed Jasim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the reliability of the Lomax-Rayleigh distribution were estimated by each of the Moments method, the Modification moments method, the Percentile method, the Maximum likelihood estimation method, White and new White method. Simulation was used to generate different sample sizes required for estimation, and the mean square error criterion was adopted to compare between the estimators obtained from the estimation methods. These results showed:
The maximum likelihood estimation method is better than other methods in all experiments taken for parameter values and sample sizes.
Oscillatory properties of third order neutral dynamic equations
Authors: Ahmed Faten Abbas , Mohamad Hussain Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oscillatory properties of third-order half-linear neutral dynamic equations were investigated in this paper. Some conditions are obtained to ensure the oscillation of all solutions of a neutral dynamic equation with several coefficients and several variable delays, t ∈ [t0, ∞)𝕋, where γ > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers, , and , and the results are supported by illustrative examples.
Best co-proximal and Co-chebyshev of unbounded functions.
Authors: auad Alaa adnan , Klaeif Alaa Hussain 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper, we introduced some result of best co-approximation specifications of co-proximal and co-chebyshev of unbounded functions in weighted spaces. Also, we discuss some properties of best co-proximal and Co-chebyshev of un bounded functions which gives basic definitions and necessary concepts are convexity, orthogonlity and closed which helps us in the proofs of main results. In addition to that verification, when the function is multiplied by a constant, it maintains its properties.
Transformed Semicircular Exponentiated Weibull Distribution
Authors: Oleiwi N A , Abid S H , Al-Noor N H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new transformed Semicircular Exponentiated Weibull (
SEW
) distribution of three parameters is constructed by applying the transformation of the inverse stereographic projection that maps a real line to the unit circle. The cumulative distribution function, probability density function, expanded probability density function, and reliability measures are presented. Furthermore, the most important statistical aspects of this new distribution, such as moments, trigonometric moments, characteristic function, simulated data, quantile function, reliability stress strength model, Shannon entropy, and relative entropy are obtained. The maximum likelihood estimation method is implemented to estimate the unknown three parameters. A simulation study is conducted to detect empirically the behaviors of the maximum likelihood estimates of the
SEW
parameters for different default values of the parameters and different samples size.
On Bayesian Estimation in Multi - Component Inverted Exponential Stress-Strength Model
Authors: Kamel Isaam , Khalid lina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we find the mathematical formula of the reliability system for Multi component in stress-strength model Rp, when the stress and strength are identical random variables distributed as inverted exponential distribution, in addition estimated the reliability Rpusing : the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the Bayes (B) method, and made a comparisons among the estimation methods using Monte-Carlo simulation depend on the mean square Error (MSE) criteria.
Properties (RB) and (gRB) for Bounded Linear Operators
Authors: Mehd Sadiq A. , Mohsen Salim Dawood , Fari Mohammed J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, we consider pseudo invertible operators for study of the relationship between the space of relatively regular operators and some generalizations of Weyl and Browder theorems. By using the analysis and representation of pseudo invertible operators, some new properties in connection with Browder’s type theorems, were presented for bounded linear operators T ∈ B(X). These properties, which we refer to as property (RB), imply that All poles of the resolvent of T of finite rank in the typical spectrum are precisely those places of the spectrum for which a reasonably regular operator with its pseudo inverse operator is surjective. (γI – T)† ∈ SU(X), In the usual spectrum, the set of all poles of the resolvent is exactly those points of the spectrum for which we call property (gRB). γI – T is a B-relatively regular operator with its pseudo inverse operator is surjective (γI – T)† ∈ SU(X). In addition, several sufficient and necessary conditions for which properties (RB) and (gRB) hold are given.
Some examples of discrete and continues Beurling prime systems
Authors: Hamza Huda S. , Al-Maamori Faez 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Beurling in 1937 stated that any infinite and positive real sequence such that the first element must precisely>1 called a generalized primes. Further, the sequence of Beurling integers can be build by using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic’s. This article focus on addressing an examples of discrete and continues beurling’s prime systems. The difficulty of this work is when you have a discrete prime system then its possible to build a continuous prime system, while the converse is impossible mostly. Further, this work shows the relation between Beurling counting functions and Beurling Zeta function as well.
Stress – strength p(X<Y<Z) reliability of n-cascade system for the new Weibull-pareto distribution
Authors: Jasem Haneen A , Karam Nada S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, is derived the reliability of an n-cascade stress-strength system based on the New Weibull-Pareto Distribution (NWPD) with known β and θ parameters, λ unknown λ parameter, for probability of n- components having X, Z two stresses between them strengths Y. In NWPD, there are four methods of parameters and this system reliability estimators (the Maximum Likelihood, Moments, Least Square and Weighted Least Square Methods) are discussed, based estimators on the simulation technique, these estimates are compared by criteria the mean square error were used to compare small, medium and large samples. It has been concluded that the greatest maximum likelihood estimator performs all of the other options considered.
Simulation of positive streamer discharges in transformer oil
Authors: Al-rawaf Ali F. , Khalaf Thamir H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To reveal the impact of formation and development of the streamer discharge on the dielectric liquid formed between pin-plate electrodes, a numerical model of transformer oil discharge in the electrode system is built which is based on the continuity equations coupled with Poisson’s equation. The influence of applied impulse voltage parameters such as rise time and voltage magnitude on the formation and development of the streamer discharge is evaluated in this model. In addition, the characteristic of the streamer discharge such as streamer velocity, electric field, and radius of streamer head have been investigated. Modeling results reveal that the higher impulse voltage amplitude form streamer discharges with longer paths, thicker columns, higher velocity, and greater radius. In addition, we find that the radius of the streamer head is greatly affected by the percentage of the predetermined electric field tube at the head, and slightly affected when streamer length increased. Modeling results also showed that the rise times had a clear effect on the radius streamer discharge and the distribution of electric fields.
Preparation of TiO2:PMMA:PVA nanocomposite thin film as a smart coating as the self-cleaning application
Authors: Mutter Mahdi M. , Khalil Souad G. , Ismael Mohammed E. , Jabbar Rashid H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, the TiO2: PMMA: PVA as a superhydrophilic coating was synthesized on a glasses substrate for self-cleaning application. The coating was prepared from a composite of ranging nanosized particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2), poly(methyl methacrylates) (PMMA), and Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by using the sol-gel method with an ultrasonic bath and deposited the coating by using rainfall spraying. Two ratios used to prepare the coating were TiO2: PMMA: PVA (1:5:2 and 2:4:2) wt%. The characterization of the synthesized coating was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis; also, the superhydrophilic was characterized analysis. The results of XRD showed TiO2-type rutile. The results of AFM images showed the average grain size distribution was (76.6, 79) nm and roughness was (16.998, 11.010) nm for 1:5:2 and 2:4:2, respectively. The water contact angle (WCA) of coated is maintained as low as (5.982°, 7.461°) for 1:5:2 and 2:4:2, respectively. The results showed the surface of the coating was superhydrophilic with good characterizations.
Solvent Effect on the spectral and photophysical properties of the Acridone
Authors: Mohi Ali Taher , Alreda Haydar Abd Alkarim Abd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
UV/Vis absorption, emission, and excitation spectroscopy with various solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and Acetone) at two concentrations (10−4 and 10−5) Mol/L were used to investigate the spectra and photophysical properties of Acridone. Using the integrated emission spectra, the fluorescence quantum yields are calculated. The emission maxima were determined using the red absorption band’s positions and bandwidths. The maximum absorption and emission wavelengths were found to be 390–399 nm and 399–413 nm, respectively, resulting in Stokes shifts of 318.05 and 1142.62 cm-1. Fluorescence spectra have a broad spectral range so that as concentration is increased, each peak shifts toward a long wavelength. It has been discovered that as concentrations increase, the quantum efficiency decreases. The fluorescence quantum yield magnitude is affected by solvents, with THF having the highest value.
222Rn concentrations in building materials using RAD-7 device
Authors: Soleman Ehsan Abdul Hussein , Karim Mahmood Salim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the current work, we measured radon gas concentration (CRn) in (15) samples of building materials for (8) types (mosaic, marble, granite, porcelain, ceramic, brick, block, and stone) obtained from various international sources available in the local markets from During the emission of 222Rn and by means of the American-made device (RAD7), the results showed that the highest CRn to the air emitted from samples of building materials was in the porcelain sample (origin of china), where the average concentration was (120.74 Bq / m3), while it was found that the lowest average CRn in building materials samples in the marble sample (origin of Turkey) which amounted to (15.5 Bq/m3). Observing the current results, it was confirmed that the concentration of 222Rn emitted into the air in all samples of building materials (mosaic, marble, granite, porcelain, ceramic, brick, block, and stone) is less than the permissible limit from the agency (ICRP).
Traffic Management in Ad-Hoc Network by Selection of Suitable Routing Protocol
Authors: Yadav Shalini , Rishi Rahul , Singh Yudhvir , Hussein Zaid khudhur , Ibrahim Ahmed Ayoob , Ettyem Sajjad Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The need for traffic management has risen at the same pace as the number of cars has changed dramatically. Even though VANET and MANET have seen tremendous growth, traffic management is still essential. There is a demand for effective traffic management among the vehicles, which necessitates their communication ability. Routing protocols facilitate the transmission of data between vehicles. There are several routing protocols in a MANET, and choosing the optimal one is challenging. The IEEE802.11p standard is used for data transfer via routing protocols in the current operational environment. C-V2X is a developing technology superior to IEEE802.11p in terms of efficiency. Qualcomm is the creator of C-V2X. AODV, AMODV, and MDART are some appropriate routing protocols for evaluation. The Average End-to-End Delay, Average Throughput, and Packet Delivery Ratio of each protocol are analyzed. The Network Simulator 2.35 (NS2) simulates these routing protocols. This article concludes that the performance of C-V2X using AOMDV protocols is superior to that of IEEE802.11p. This research claims that AOMDV’s architecture might be improved to provide more accurate figures for the average end-to-end latency.
Flexible miniaturized thin film thermocouples arrays for high temperature applications
Authors: Liu Yang , Jiang Hongchuan , Zhao Xiaohui , Deng Xinwu , Zhang Wanli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) are critical for surface temperature measurements of hot components in high temperature environments. In this paper, miniaturized Pt/Pt-10%Rh thin film thermocouple arrays were fabricated on flexible Hastelloy substrates by magnetron sputtering. The morphology and microstructure of Al2O3/Y2O3 insulating films were investigated by a field-emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. The thermoelectric performance of the TFTCs arrays was investigated by cyclic calibration and bending tests. During the whole calibration process, the average maximum temperature differences (ΔT′ ) of measuring points 2, 3, and 4 are 637 °C, 617 °C, and 574 °C, respectively, which differ from the maximum temperature difference (ΔT
max
) of measuring point 1 by -13 °C, -34 °C, and -76 °C, respectively. The calibration results show that each single measuring point has good repeatability and stability during the five calibration processes, and the temperature difference between multiple measuring points is obvious, stable and reliable. The thermoelectric properties of the thin film thermocouple arrays barely change after 10,000 cyclic bending tests.
Investigation of the photoisomerization property of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts on ester-modified glass
Authors: Duan Yongli , Sun Fanxi , Gao Ang , Zheng Yonghao , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The isomerization process of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) is closely related to its surrounded physicochemical environment, this work focuses on the promotion of ester-modified glass fiber to the isomerization process of DASAs compared with the untreated glass fiber. The ester-modified glass fiber is prepared through a two-stage method, the coating procedure is stepwise monitored through the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). The ester functional groups on the outmost layer of glass fiber act as a catalyst, lowering the energy level of the intermediate state of DASAs and therefore promoting isomerization performance of DASAs where the time to reach cyclic dominant states shorten from 116 s to 82 s and the efficiency of cyclic-to-linear increased almost 6 folds.
Research on Surface Metallization of Polyimide Film
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhao Lianjing , Bai Jingying , Xu Junjie , He Yanlong , Dong Junwei , Zhang Ligong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to make the Polyimide (PI) film material have good surface conductivity and meet its application in aerospace fields, for example, radar antenna, in this paper, the highly chemically inert PI material on the surface was modified by alkaline etching, and the metal layer on the surface of PI film was then deposited by electroless copper plating technology, to give PI good surface conductivity and meet its application in aerospace fields, for example, radar antenna. The microstructure and properties of surface metal layer of PI film before and after surface modification were characterized by SEM, contact angle tester and resistance tester. After alkaline etching at room temperature, there is a staggered and evenly distributed protrusion structure with dendritic and rivet structures on the surface of PI. However, the PI film surface etched at 60 °C presents pits with different sizes and depths of etching holes, and the hydrophilicity of the PI film surface is enhanced after etching. The coating on the PI is uniform and dense, and has good conductivity. This research realizes the preparation of high conductivity and high bonding force metal layer on the surface of PI film under alkaline etching, which provides technical support for the application of polyimide in aerospace fields.