bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacting impacts of drought and fire on bird populations—insights from a long-term study in the Warrumbungles
Authors: Stevens Helen C , Watson David M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The interacting effects of drought and fire on ecological communities are poorly understood. Long-term studies in the Warrumbungle Mountains, central-west New South Wales, subject to drought and fire during the past 21 years, enabled their separate and combined effects to be quantified for individual species and functional groups. Insectivores (especially ground-foragers) dominated previous lists of declining species in this region of NSW and were also prominent in the present work. Insectivores were more likely to be drought- than fire-affected, with seven species declining due to drought, three to drought plus fire, and three to fire alone. Our analyses also revealed declines in a suite of honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), previously not reported as declining. Honeyeaters are major pollinators of eucalypts, so the loss of nectarivores and insectivores has far-reaching implications for pollination, recruitment, successional dynamics, and forest health. Four honeyeater species were adversely affected by drought, five by fire, and one by a combination of drought and fire. Drought and fire, alone or in combination, were implicated in declines of granivores, including the Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans, and frugivores, especially the Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum, the latter reflecting the loss of mistletoes in fire-affected landscapes, and foreshadowing additional losses due to the reliance on mistletoe by many species. Another group not previously identified as threatened, but declining due to drought were two omnivores, the Pied Currawong Strepera graculina and Australian Raven Corvus coronoides. Hollow-nesting birds including two species of treecreeper and the Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae fared badly. Several common Australian species were among the decliners, including Laughing Kookaburra, Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys and Australian Magpie Cracticus tibicen. We conclude that no suite of birds is exempt from these environmental stressors, and predict that, as droughts reduce populations at regional scales and fires diminish carrying capacity of critical habitats at landscape scales, rarer species will decline to local extinction while more commonly observed species will be reduced in abundance.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN SOAL DENGAN KONSEP HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS DAN PRAKTIK SOAL ONLINE UNTUK GURU DI SMK KRIAN 1 SIDOARJO
Authors: Lusiani Titik 
Published: August 2022

Kegiatan evaluasi belajar merupakan rangkaian kegiatan proses belajar, dan dilakukan untuk melihat hasil proses belajar. Alat ukur dalam menilai evaluasi belajar kepada peserta pembelajaran dapat disebut dengan Soal. Soal dapat dipergunakan melihat tingkat kesulitan yang benar, dan efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam menilai hasil belajar, khususnya kemampuan konitif siswa adalah test tertulis dan lisan. Tingkatan kemampuan berpikir, dimulai dari tingkat rendah Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) dan tingkat tinggi Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). HOTS digambarkan dalam bentuk paramida, dengan tingkatan yang terdiri dari mengigat, memahami, menerapkan, menganalisi, mengevalasi hingga menciptakan. Pembuatan soal dengan konsep HOTS dilakukan agar soal memiliki nilai pemahaman mulai dari tingkatan mengingat sampai dengan menciptakan atau membuat. Berdasarkan hasil koordinasi dengan pihak sekolah, maka dilaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan soal dengan konsep HOTS. Pada kegiatan disertai praktik soal Online untuk guru di SMK Krian 1 Sidoarjo. Dengan kegiatan pelatihan yang bertujuan memberikan pemahaman kepada guru dalam pembuatan soal, yang baik dengan konsep HOTS, diharapkan guru dapat membuat soal lebih baik, dan dapat membuat soal online yang interaktif. Soal yang interaktif, sehingga siswa menjadi semangat dalam melakukan evaluasi dan hasil dari evaluasi dapat dilihat peserta ujian lebih mudah, beserta dengan review dari soal yang telah dilakukan. Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan dengan penuh semangat dan setiap peserta mengikuti dengan praktik membuat soal online.
Incidence of COVID-19 Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the US From January 2020 to November 2021
Authors: Meehan Ashley A. , Thomas Isabel , Horter Libby , Schoonveld Megan , Carmichael Andrea E. , Kashani Mitra , Valencia Diana , Mosites Emily 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceA lack of timely and high-quality data is an ongoing challenge for public health responses to COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Little is known about the total number of cases of COVID-19 among PEH.ObjectiveTo estimate the number of COVID-19 cases among PEH and compare the incidence rate among PEH with that in the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from a survey distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to all US state, district, and territorial health departments that requested aggregated COVID-19 data among PEH from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021. Jurisdictions were encouraged to share the survey with local health departments.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcome was the number of cases of COVID-19 identified among PEH. COVID-19 cases and incidence rates among PEH were compared with those in the general population in the same geographic areas.ResultsParticipants included a population-based sample of all 64 US jurisdictional health departments. Overall, 25 states, districts, and territories completed the survey, among which 18 states (72.0%) and 27 localities reported COVID-19 data among PEH. A total of 26 349 cases of COVID-19 among PEH were reported at the state level and 20 487 at the local level. The annual incidence rate of COVID-19 among PEH at the state level was 567.9 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 560.5-575.4 per 10 000 person-years) compared with 715.0 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 714.5-715.5 per 10 000 person-years) in the general population. At the local level, the incidence rate of COVID-19 among PEH was 799.2 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 765.5-834.0 per 10 000 person-years) vs 812.5 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 810.7-814.3 per 10 000 person-years) in the general population.Conclusions and RelevanceThese results provide an estimate of COVID-19 incidence rates among PEH in multiple US jurisdictions; however, a national estimate and the extent of under- or overestimation remain unknown. The findings suggest that opportunities exist for incorporating housing and homelessness status in infectious disease reporting to inform public health decision-making.
Participation of Lower and Upper Middle–Income Countries in Oncology Clinical Trials Led by High-Income Countries
Authors: Rubagumya Fidel , Hopman Wilma M. , Gyawali Bishal , Mukherji Deborah , Hammad Nazik , Pramesh C. S. , Zubaryev Mykola , Eniu Alexandru , Tsunoda Audrey T. , Kutluk Tezer , Aggarwal Ajay , Sullivan Richard , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceMany randomized clinical trials (RCTs) led by high-income countries (HICs) now enroll patients from lower middle–income countries (LMICs) and upper middle–income countries (UMICs). Although enrolling diverse populations promotes research collaborations, there are issues regarding which countries participate in RCTs and how this participation may contribute to global research.ObjectiveTo describe which UMICs and LMICs participate in RCTs led by HICs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional study of all oncology RCTs published globally during January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, was conducted. The study cohort was restricted to RCTs led by HICs that enrolled participants from LMICs and UMICs. Study analyses were conducted in November 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA bibliometric approach (Web of Science 2007-2017) was used to explore whether RCT participation was proportional to other measures of cancer research activity. Participation in RCTs (ie, percentage of RCTs in the cohort in which each LMIC and UMIC participated) was compared with country-level cancer research bibliometric output (ie, percentage of total cancer research bibliometric output from the same group of countries that came from a specific LMIC and UMIC).ResultsAmong the 636 HIC-led RCTs, 186 trials (29%) enrolled patients in LMICs (n = 84 trials involving 11 LMICs) and/or UMICs (n = 181 trials involving 26 UMICs). The most common participating LMICs were India (42 [50%]), Ukraine (39 [46%]), Philippines (23 [27%]), and Egypt (12 [14%]). The most common participating UMICs were Russia (115 [64%]), Brazil (94 [52%]), Romania (62 [34%]), China (56 [31%]), Mexico (56 [31%]), and South Africa (54 [30%]). Several LMICs are overrepresented in the cohort of RCTs based on proportional cancer research bibliometric output: Ukraine (46% of RCTs but 2% of cancer research bibliometric output), Philippines (27% RCTs, 1% output), and Georgia (8% RCTs, 0.2% output). Overrepresented UMICs include Russia (64% RCTs, 2% output), Romania (34% RCTs, 2% output), Mexico (31% RCTs, 2% output), and South Africa (30% RCTs, 1% output).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, a substantial proportion of RCTs led by HICs enrolled patients in LMICs and UMICs. The LMICs and UMICs that participated in these trials did not match overall cancer bibliometric output as a surrogate for research ecosystem maturity. Reasons for this apparent discordance and how these data may inform future capacity-strengthening activities require further study.
A Highly Compressible, Elastic, and Air‐Dryable Metallic Aerogels via Magnetic Field‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Pan Weisheng , Liang Caiwu , Sui Yiming , Wang Juan , Liu Peng , Zou Peichao , Guo Zhenbin , Wang Fangcheng , Ren Xi , Yang Cheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetallic aerogels emerge as a group of materials for various applications since they exhibit the merits of both metal and aerogel. However, their performance characteristics are largely depreciated by the poor compressibility, elasticity, and complicated preparation process. Herein, a highly compressible and air‐dryable nickel nanowire aerogel (NNWA) is prepared via a facile magnetic‐field‐assisted gelation strategy. Its unique anisotropic lamellar structure and abundant cold‐welded junctions of intertwined nanowires enable superior electric conductivity and compression fatigue resistance. Such a free‐standing NNWA featured with ultralow density (20 mg cm−3) can be directly used as electrode scaffolds for energy storage and electrocatalysis purposes even at high mass loading (e.g., 10 mg cm−2) and large current density (e.g., 1 A cm−2) with superior performance. This method represents a general strategy for producing metallic aerogels with excellent comprehensive performance and mass‐production capability, providing a versatile platform for advanced applications.
Medium Bandgap Small Molecule Acceptors With Isomer‐Free Chlorinated End Groups Enabling High‐Performance Tandem Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Jia Zhenrong , Ma Qing , Meng Lei , Zhang Jinyuan , Qin Shucheng , Chen Zeng , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Jianqi , Li Jing , Zhang Zhanjun , Wei Zhixiang , Yang Yang(Michael) , Li Yongfang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTandem organic solar cell (TOSC), composed of the front and rear cells with complementary absorption, is effective device structure for surpassing the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most of the medium bandgap (≈1.6 eV) organic photovoltaic materials for front cells in the TOSCs show considerable voltage losses. In this work, two medium bandgap (1.63 eV) isomeric small molecule acceptors m‐DTC‐Cl‐1 and m‐DTC‐Cl‐2 are synthesized with different chlorine substitution positions in 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (IC). The different chlorine substituted positions in IC groups show significant influences on the physicochemical properties, charge dynamics, morphology, and photovoltaic performance of the acceptors. Consequently, the OSC with PTO2 as polymer donor and m‐DTC‐Cl‐2 as acceptor delivers a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1% with a high open circuit voltage of 1.05 V and a low nonradiative energy loss of 0.25 eV, which indicates that the OSC is an ideal candidate for the application as front cell in the TOSCs. Then, a monolithic TOSC is fabricated with the OSC based on PTO2:m‐DTC‐Cl‐2 as front cell and the OSC based on PTB7‐Th:BTPV‐4Cl as rear cell, which demonstrates a high PCE of 18.8%.
Super‐Linear‐Threshold‐Switching Selector with Multiple Jar‐Shaped Cu‐Filaments in the Amorphous Ge3Se7 Resistive Switching Layer in a Cross‐Point Synaptic Memristor Array
Authors: Kim Hea‐Jee , Woo Dae‐Seong , Jin Soo‐Min , Kwon Hyo‐Jun , Kwon Ki‐Hyun , Kim Dong‐Won , Park Dong‐Hyun , Kim Dong‐Eon , Jin Hong‐Uk , Choi Hyun‐Do , Shim Tae‐Hun , Park Jea‐Gun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe learning and inference efficiencies of an artificial neural network represented by a cross‐point synaptic memristor array can be achieved using a selector, with high selectivity (Ion/Ioff) and sufficient death region, stacked vertically on a synaptic memristor. This can prevent a sneak current in the memristor array. A selector with multiple jar‐shaped conductive Cu filaments in the resistive switching layer is precisely fabricated by designing the Cu ion concentration depth profile of the CuGeSe layer as a filament source, TiN diffusion barrier layer, and Ge3Se7 switching layer. The selector performs super‐linear‐threshold‐switching with a selectivity of > 107, death region of −0.70–0.65 V, holding time of 300 ns, switching speed of 25 ns, and endurance cycle of > 106. In addition, the mechanism of switching is proven by the formation of conductive Cu filaments between the CuGeSe and Ge3Se7 layers under a positive bias on the top Pt electrode and an automatic rupture of the filaments after the holding time. Particularly, a spiking deep neural network using the designed one‐selector‐one‐memory cross‐point array improves the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology classification accuracy by ≈3.8% by eliminating the sneak current in the cross‐point array during the inference process.
Liquid Lens‐Based Optical Tactile Sensor with a Touch‐Sensing Separable Structure
Authors: Yang Hui , Liu Wenbo , Liu Jiaqi , Ling Yunzhi , Wu Meixia , Liu Weirui , Wang Lihui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptical tactile sensing plays an important role in the tactile sensing field, due to its high sensitivity, fast response, and prominent interference immunity. Herein, based on the liquid lens, a low‐cost optical tactile sensor with a touch‐sensing separable structure is designed and fabricated, and it contains a touch unit and an optics sensing unit. The touch unit is a chamber structure with good integration, and the optics sensing unit is designed with a liquid‐membrane structure. Different from the existed optical tactile sensors, the principle of the proposed sensor is that the focal length of the optics sensing unit is changed with an external contact force, and then the directional light propagation direction produces change, which affects the perceived light intensity of the silicon photocell. From the sensing performance test results, this tactile sensor has good statics and dynamics performance, which embodies in the rapid response time (about 0.048 s), stable output, high sensitivity (the max sensitivity is about 7.1338 V/N), and resolution (0.01 N), low hysteresis ratio (less than 6.5%), and good linearity (R2 ≈ 0.98). In addition, some application experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate the application feasibility of the proposed sensor in health monitoring and multichannel sensing.
Low Cost, Al2O3 and ZrAlOx Stack Passivation by Spray Pyrolysis for Highly Stable Amorphous InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Islam Md Mobaidul , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Ali Arqum , Bae Jinbaek , Jang Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA stack passivation by spray pyrolysis is demonstrated for high performance and stable amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The device performances and stabilities of a‐IGZO TFTs are compared with single zirconium‐aluminium‐oxide (ZAO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), and stack ZAO/Al2O3 and Al2O3/ZAO passivation layers. The a‐IGZO TFTs with Al2O3/ZAO stack exhibit high performance and excellent stabilities under electrical, thermal, and environmental tests with negligible threshold voltage shift. The origin of the device performances and improved stabilities are analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. It is found that the Zr elements diffuse into the a‐IGZO channel when ZAO is directly deposited on the a‐IGZO, resulting in the deterioration of the device performance. It is also found that the Al2O3 single layer on top of the a‐IGZO cannot protect the back‐channel from moisture diffusion. But a thin Al2O3 layer on top of the TFTs can protect the diffusion of Zr elements from ZAO into the a‐IGZO channel and enhances the performance and stabilities. Therefore, the low cost, Al2O3/ZAO stack by spray pyrolysis on the sputtered a‐IGZO can be an excellent passivation for highly stable metal‐oxide TFTs.
Magnetron Sputtered Non‐Toxic and Precious Element‐Free TiZrGe Metallic Glass Nanofilms with Enhanced Biocorrosion Resistance
Authors: Sarac Baran , Micusik Matej , Putz Barbara , Wurster Stefan , Sharifikolouei Elham , Xi Lixia , Omastova Maria , Spieckermann Florian , Mitterer Christian , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe chemical composition and structural state of advanced alloys are the decisive factors in optimum biomedical performance. This contribution presents unique TiZrGe metallic glass thin‐film compositions fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition targeted for nanocoatings for biofouling prevention. The amorphous nanofilms with nanoscale roughness exhibit a large relaxation and supercooled liquid regions as revealed by flash differential scanning calorimetry. Ti68Zr8Ge24 shows the lowest corrosion (0.17 µA cm−2) and passivation (1.22 µA cm−2) current densities, with the lowest corrosion potential of −0.648 V and long‐range stability against pitting, corroborating its excellent performance in phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C. The oxide layer is comprised of TiO2, TiOx and ZrOx, as determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy by short‐term ion‐etching of the surface layer. The two orders of magnitude increase in the oxide and interface resistance (from 14 to 1257 Ω cm2) along with an order of magnitude decrease in the capacitance parameter of the oxide interface (from 1.402 × 10−5 to 1.677 × 10−6 S sn cm−2) of the same composition is linked to the formation of carbonyl groups and reduction of the native oxide layer during linear sweep voltammetry.
Recent Advances in 3D Printed Sensors: Materials, Design, and Manufacturing
Authors: Jiang Yijie , Islam Md. Nurul , He Rui , Huang Xiaozhou , Cao Peng‐Fei , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Dahotre Narendra , Dong Pei , Wu H. Felix , Choi Wonbong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSensors are of great importance in different aspects of research and industry. Future sensors will require high‐efficient and low‐cost manufacturing, as well as high‐performance functionality in areas, such as mechanical sensing, biomedical, and optical applications. Recent advances in 3D printing open a new paradigm for sensors fabrication as a precision, customizable, and seamless process. In this article, the state‐of‐the‐art 3D printing methods in sensors manufacturing is reviewed and the performance of the 3D printed sensing materials and devices is summarized. Special attention is paid to emerging multimaterial printing and 4D printing technologies, which will benefit the fabrication of a new generation of structures with multifunctionalities. The content on 3D printed sensors covers piezoelectric sensors, medical, and optical sensing devices. The performance of 3D printed sensors in comparison with the sensors made by traditional manufacturing is also covered. Finally, section 4 provides the viewpoints on the future development of 3D printed sensors.
Prediction of need for bowel resection in acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion: A retrospective study of 48 Japanese patients
Authors: Watada Susumu , Obara Hideaki , Okui Jun , Hosokawa Kyosuke , Matsubara Kentaro , Harada Hirohisa , Fujimura Naoki , Fujii Taku , Shimogawara Tatsuya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to predict cases of acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion requiring bowel resection using occlusion site and time from symptom onset to diagnosis at five Japanese institutions. Advances in imaging, endovascular treatment, and perioperative management have improved the clinical outcomes of patients with acute SMA occlusion; however, in clinical practice it remains difficult to effectively determine patients requiring bowel resection.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 48 patients (mean age: 82.5 y; male: 37.5%) diagnosed with acute SMA occlusion between June 2009 and August 2018. Background data of patients who required and did not require bowel resection were compared. A multivariable predictive model was developed using the time from symptom onset to diagnosis and whether SMA occlusion was proximal, including the origin of the middle colic artery.ResultsFifteen patients (31.3%) died during the hospital stay. Atrial fibrillation (83.3%) was the most common comorbidity. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 13.0 (interquartile range, 4.75–24.0) h. Laparotomy, bowel resection, and thrombus embolectomy were performed in 41 (85.4%), 26 (54.2%), and 21 (43.8%) patients, respectively. A logistic regression model achieved 78.6% sensitivity in predicting cases not requiring bowel resection. Proximal occlusion was significantly associated with the requirement for bowel resection (P = .039).ConclusionThe time from symptom onset to diagnosis and occlusion site contributed to high sensitivity in determining the need for bowel resection in patients with acute SMA occlusion. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate the clinical impact of this model.
The effect of axial impeller geometry on the link between power and flow numbers
Authors: John Thomas P. , Fonte Claudio P. , Kowalski Adam , Rodgers Thomas L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStirred vessels are used to facilitate mixing processes across a wide range of industries. Their performance can often be predicted with certain characteristics of the agitator, like the dimensionless power and flow numbers. Since there exists a large number of agitator designs and geometries, it is desirable to be able to predict these characteristics using models rather than rely on previous experimental data. In this study, we use an angular momentum balance combined with computational fluid dynamics to correlate the power, flow, and mixer geometry across a wide range of down‐pumping pitched blade turbine geometries. The models developed from the results allow us to predict the power from the flow (or vice versa) for the geometries investigated. We tested two methods for the measurement of the flow rate and found that the choice of measurement method can affect the relationship between the power, flow, and impeller geometry.