bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origins and characteristics of dissolved organic matter fueling harmful dinoflagellate blooms revealed by δ13C and d/l-Amino acid compositions
Authors: Park Jihyun , Kim Guebuem , Kwon Hyeong Kyu , Han Heejun , Park Tae Gyu , Son Moonho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe measured the concentrations of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM), phytoplankton pigments, and δ13C-DOC during the summer of 2019 in the harmful dinoflagellate bloom regions of the southern coast of Korea. In the harmful dinoflagellate bloom region, the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were depleted, inhibiting the growth of diatoms, while the concentrations of dissolved organic components (nutrients, DOC, FDOM, and amino acids) which fuel dinoflagellates were unusually high. Thus, we attempted to investigate the origins and characteristics of DOM which fuels the harmful dinoflagellate blooms. The δ13C-DOC values (− 22.2‰ to − 18.2‰) indicate that the elevated DOC concentrations result from in-situ biological production rather than terrestrial inputs. The enantiomeric (D/L) ratios of THAA indicate that dissolved organic nitrogen was more labile in the early stage of harmful dinoflagellate bloom and became more refractory in the final stage. Our results suggest that the marine production of bioavailable DOM plays an important role in initiating and sustaining harmful dinoflagellate blooms.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of and risk factors for bloodstream infections among patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Eun Hwa , Lee Ki Hyun , Lee Se Ju , Kim Jinnam , Baek Yae Jee , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Song Young Goo , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides hemodynamic and oxygenation support to critically ill patients. Due to multiple catheter cannulations, patients on ECMO are vulnerable to bloodstream infections (BSIs). We aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and microorganisms associated with BSIs during ECMO. This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2015 and May 2021. Patients aged 18 years or older with an ECMO duration of > 48 h for cardiogenic or respiratory support were included in the study. Patients who developed bacteremia or candidemia from 12 h after ECMO cannulation to 7 days after de-cannulation were included. The clinical factors between non-BSI and BSI were compared, along with an analysis of the risk factors associated with BSI during ECMO. A total of 480 patients underwent ECMO for cardiogenic shock (n = 267, 55.6%) or respiratory failure (n = 213, 44.4%) during the study period. The incidence was 20.0 episodes per 1000 ECMO-days. Approximately 20.2% (97/480) and 5.4% (26/480) of the patients developed bacteremia and candidemia, respectively. The median numbers of days of BSI development were 8.00 days for bacteremia and 11.0 days for candidemia. The most common pathogens were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 24), followed by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (n = 21). Multivariable logistic analysis demonstrated that hemodialysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.647, p < 0.001), veno-arterial-venous mode (OR 1.911, p = 0.030), and total ECMO duration (OR 1.030, p = 0.007) were significant risk factors for bacteremia. The total ECMO duration was the only risk factor associated with candidemia (OR 1.035, p = 0.010). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the bacteremia (57.7%) and candidemia (69.2%) groups than that in the non-BSI group (43.6%). BSI is a common complication of patients receiving ECMO support and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Determining the type of frequently isolated organisms and the median onset time of BSI would help in the selection of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics or antifungal agents.
Volatile uptake, transport, perception, and signaling shape a plant’s nose
Authors: Wang Lei , Erb Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles regulate defenses in undamaged neighboring plants. Understanding the mechanisms by which plant volatiles are taken up, perceived, and translated into canonical defense signaling pathways is an important frontier of knowledge. Volatiles can enter plants through stomata and the cuticle. They are likely perceived by membrane-associated receptors as well as intracellular receptors. The latter likely involves metabolization and transport across cell membranes by volatile transporters. Translation of volatiles into defense priming and induction typically involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), WRKY transcription factors, and jasmonates. We propose that the broad range of molecular processes involved in volatile signaling will likely result in substantial spatiotemporal and ontogenetic variation in plant responsiveness to volatiles, with important consequences for plant–environment interactions.
Adaptive under‐frequency load shedding scheme for power systems with high wind power penetration considering operating regions
Authors: Wu Xingyang , Dai Jianfeng , Tang Yi , Xue Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing penetration of wind power into power systems, wind turbine generators (WTGs) are required to provide frequency regulation services to maintain the system frequency stability. For variable‐speed WTGs, the adaptability of dissimilar frequency control strategies to different operating regions is distinct, which impacts the system frequency response. However, existing under‐frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes do not take that impact into account, causing improper load shedding after a loss of generation. To this end, this paper proposes an adaptive UFLS scheme for power systems with high wind power penetration considering operating regions. Based on the WTG operating characteristics in different operating regions, the appropriate frequency control strategy for each operating region is elaborated. The simplified frequency response model of the power system considering WTGs participating in frequency regulation is then established. According to the WTG active power response characteristics in different operating regions, the impact of WTGs participating in frequency regulation on UFLS is analysed. Accordingly, the method of accurately estimating the magnitude of the power deficiency and calculating the amount of load to be shed is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed UFLS scheme are verified through simulations on the IEEE 39‐bus test system.
Chemical evolution in planet-forming regions with growing grains
Authors: Eistrup Christian , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Krijt Sebastiaan 
Published: September 2022

Context. Planets and their atmospheres are built from gas and solid material in protoplanetary disks. This solid material grows from smaller micron-sized grains to larger sizes in the disks during the process of planet formation. This solid growth may influence the efficiency of chemical reactions that take place on the surfaces of the grains and in turn affect the chemical evolution that the gas and solid material in the disk undergoes, with implications for the chemical composition of the planets.
Aims. Our goal is to model the compositional evolution of volatile ices on grains of different sizes, assuming both time-dependent grain growth and several constant grain sizes. We also examine the dependence on the initial chemical composition.
Methods. The custom Walsh chemical kinetics code was used to model the chemical evolution. This code was upgraded to account for the time-evolving sizes of solids. Chemical evolution was modelled locally at four different radii in a protoplanetary disk midplane (with associated midplane temperatures of 120, 57, 25, and 19.5 K) for up to 10 Myr. The evolution was modelled for five different constant grain sizes, and in one model, the grain size changed with time according to a grain-growth model appropriate for the disk midplane.
Results. Local grain growth, with conservation of the total grain mass, and assuming spherical grains, acts to reduced the total grain-surface area that is available for ice-phase reactions. This reduces the efficiency of these reactions compared to a chemical scenario with a conventional grain-size choice of 0.1 μm. The chemical evolution modelled with grain growth leads to increased abundances of H2O ice. For carbon in the inner disk, grain growth causes CO gas to overtake CO2 ice as the dominant carrier, and in the outer disk, CH4 ice becomes the dominant carrier. Larger grain sizes cause less change the C/O ratio in the gas phase over time than when 0.1 μm sized grains are considered. Overall, a constant grain size adopted from a grain evolution model leads to an almost identical chemical evolution as a chemical evolution with evolving grain sizes. A constant grain size choice, albeit larger than 0.1 μm, may therefore be an appropriate simplification when modelling the impact of grain growth on chemical evolution.
S2e-Leitlinie „Kniegelenkluxation“
Authors: Krause Matthias , Drenck Tobias C. , Eggeling Lena , Frings Jannik , Akoto Ralph , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBei einer Knieluxation handelt es sich um eine besonders schwere Form der
Multiligamentverletzung. Aufgrund der häufig hohen Verletzungskomplexität existiert eine
Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Diagnostik- und Versorgungsstrategien. Mit dem Ziel
evidenzbasierter Therapieempfehlungen richtet sich die S2e-Leitlinie „Knieluxation“ an alle an
der Diagnostik und Therapie beteiligten Berufsgruppen (Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen,
Physiotherapeuten, ambulante/stationäre Operateure, Sportmediziner etc.) sowie Betroffene
(Patient*innen mit Knieluxation) und Leistungserbringer (Krankenkassen,
Rentenversicherungsträger). Diese umfasst neben der Darlegung konzeptioneller Unterschiede
zwischen den Verletzungsentitäten die Besonderheiten der Diagnostik, konservativen und
operativen Therapieoptionen auch Aspekte der Nachbehandlung vor dem Hintergrund des
interdisziplinären Behandlungsansatzes einer schweren Knieverletzung.
Skin wrinkling an Händen und Füßen –
Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Jasinskas Mindaugas , Frerichs Onno , Fansa Hisham , Walle Leonard 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Phänomen der Faltenbildung (skin wrinkling) der Haut an
Händen und Füßen bei Aufenthalt im Wasser ist jedem
bekannt. Die Erklärung hierfür ist jedoch nicht ganz trivial.
Das periphere Nervensystem scheint einen Einfluss zu haben. Denn bei
Nervenverletzungen ist häufig zu beobachten, dass das skin wrinkling
ausfällt. Es werden in diesem Artikel drei Fälle mit
aufgehobener Faltenbildung an der Hand, nach stattgehabter Nervenverletzung,
vorgestellt. Zusätzlich erfolgt ein Überblick über die
aktuelle Literatur zu diesem Thema.
Indikationen für eine Evakuierung mittels Hubschrauber von Offshore-Anlagen – Retrospektive Analyse der Behandlungsdaten 2017-2021
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Kleinhäntz Wolfgang , Overheu Daniel , Franz Rüdiger 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungTäglich arbeiten Hunderte Personen in Offshore-Windenergieanlagen, die sich außerhalb des Geltungsbereiches der Rettungsdienstgesetze der Bundesländer befinden. Die medizinische
Versorgung vor Ort erfolgt durch Notfallsanitäter nach festgelegten Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) unter Einbeziehung der telemedizinischen Befundung und direkter ärztlicher
Delegation. Aus dem Zeitraum Januar 2017 bis Dezember 2021 wurden retrospektiv 4994 dokumentierte Einsätze ausgewertet, wobei 2,1% der Patienten mittels Offshore-Rettungshubschrauber
(ORTH, n = 104) evakuiert wurden. 63,5% mit internistischen und 28,8% mit traumatologischen Notfällen. Bei den ambulant behandelten Patienten gehörten sonstige Erkrankungen (40,5%),
Infektionen (12,9%) und Traumata der oberen Extremitäten (8,7%) zu den häufigsten vordefinierten Diagnosegruppen, wohingegen bei den ORTH-Einsätzen die Herz-Kreislauf- (19,2%) und
abdominellen Erkrankungen (16,3) führten. Unter allen ORTH-Einsätzen wurde am häufigsten ein NACA 3 (mäßige bis schwere, aber nicht lebensbedrohliche Störung) dokumentiert (51,5%) sowie
jeweils mit 20,4% NACA 2 und 4. Die Indikation für eine Evakuierung musste, neben dem aktuellen Gesundheitszustand des Verletzten oder Erkrankten, auch anhand einsatztaktischer Komponenten
– speziell Wetterphänomenen – gestellt werden. Durch den Einsatz von hochqualifizierten Notfallsanitätern und unter telemedizinischer Delegation konnten viele unnötige Evakuierungen
vermieden werden.
Cerium Oxide Polishes Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic via a Chemical–Mechanical Process
Authors: Yamockul Suparaksa , Thamrongananskul Niyom 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) effect of cerium oxide (ceria [CeO2]) as an abrasive to polish lithium disilicate glass ceramic.
Materials and Methods For the polishing experiment, 22 lithium disilicate glass ceramic samples were prepared, polished with sandpaper using a polishing machine, their surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer, and they were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). The samples were polished for 30 seconds with ceria paste with different ratios of deionized water:ceria by weight: 1:0.5 (C0.5) and 1:1 (C1) according to their group and the Ra values were determined. The Ra measurement was repeated after an additional 30 seconds of polishing until 120 seconds of polishing had been performed. The surface images of the postpolishing (120 seconds) samples were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the surface morphology. For the adsorption experiment, 10 lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens were prepared and soaked in 50-mL deionized water. After 24 hours, the specimens were removed. Each liquid sample was divided in two halves. The first half was stored and ceria particles were added into the second half. After 24 hours, the solutions were filtered. The silicon concentration in the liquid samples was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.
Statistical Analysis The difference in mean Ra value between groups was analyzed using two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference in mean silica concentrations before and after adding ceria particles was analyzed using the paired t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Ra decreased as the ratio of ceria and polishing time increased. The surface morphology of the samples analyzed by SEM corresponded with their Ra values. The mean silicon concentration after adding ceria particles was significantly decreased (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Using a ceria-polishing paste to polish lithium disilicate glass ceramic generates a significantly smoother surface compared with baseline roughness. Moreover, CeO2 has a mechanical action and chemical reaction with lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Therefore, it can be used as a CMP paste to create a smooth surface.
Case Study of a 70-Year-Old Man Admitted to ICU during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Scheepers Léon Angèle Gemma Joseph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of decrease in oxygen saturation in connection with COVID-19 pneumonia. An intensivist and a general practitioner (GP)-homeopath worked together on the patient with the approval of his three children. His consent was not possible because he was in a coma.When additional homeopathic treatment started, the patient had a 10% chance of survival. No direct contact with the patient was possible.The GP could only treat remotely and only received second-hand information.The patient achieved complete recovery without long COVID-19 symptoms.Before admission to the ICU, I thought Kalium sulphuricum was his constitutional medicine. But this remedy did not prevent admission. Various homeopathic medicines are prescribed each time based on the patient's unique symptoms. During the ICU admission, the patient contracted an Enterobacter cloacae infection, developed renal failure, myocardial infarction and finally a haemorrhage in the right hemisphere of the brain, resulting in paralysis in the left side of the body. Due to his behaviour towards the end of his stay at the hospital, I found his constitutional remedy, which was Veratrum album.Each time, only a single dose of the homeopathic medicine was administered.
How Do Laboratories Perform von Willebrand Disease Diagnostics and Classification of von Willebrand Disease Patients? Results from External Quality Data and an International Survey
Authors: Hollestelle Martine J. , Meijers Joost C. M. , Meijer Piet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Reduced or dysfunctional von Willebrand factor (VWF) may lead to von Willebrand disease (VWD), which is a common inherited bleeding disorder. VWD is classified into three major types: type 1 is a partial quantitative deficiency of VWF, type 3 is a complete quantitative deficiency of VWF, and type 2 consists of qualitative abnormalities of VWF. To arrive at a correct VWD diagnosis, multiple tests and a correct interpretation of these tests are needed.
Aim The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the approach of laboratories toward VWD diagnosis.
Methods Data from four samples of the external quality assessment (EQA) VWF surveys of the ECAT (External Quality Control for Assays and Tests) were evaluated. Furthermore, results were analyzed of a questionnaire that was sent to hemostasis laboratories about VWD diagnostic approaches.
Results For most EQA samples, the majority of participants indicated the correct classification. However, 6 to 60% indicated another classification. For all samples, significant differences in VWF results were observed between the correct and incorrect classifications. The questionnaire demonstrated that the testing approach varied between the laboratories, especially for parameters that were essential for discrimination between VWD type 1 and healthy individuals, as well as the cutoff values used to discriminate VWD types 1 and 2.
Conclusions Diagnosis of VWD is heterogeneous in diagnostic approach, guidelines, and cutoff values within large ranges of VWF results between laboratories. Harmonization of approaches and increased accuracy of VWF measurements may help to establish a correct diagnosis.
Spectroscopic observation of the forward and backward IR emission of bacteriorhodopsin under broadband optical pumping
Authors: Terpugov E L , Degtyareva O V , Savranskii V V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the first time, it was demonstrated that the secondary IR emission stimulated by visible light propagates not only in the direction opposite to the exciting beam, but also in the forward direction. Furthermore, by a control of the forward-directed beam arrival back at the sample time- picosecond resolution was achieved. Using the forward-directed beam as a probe beam, we were able to obtain additional information about the properties of the bacteriorhodopsin in the excited state. The performed studies open the possibility for analyzing the molecular excitation, vibrational coupling, and relaxation processes directly during electronic excitation in picoseconds time scales.
Fatigue strength analysis of crankshaft based on RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SEA-GOING STEEL SHIPS
Authors: Jia Sensen , Wang Guixin , Zhu Jialiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Based on the force analysis of a high strength marine diesel engine crankshaft in one cycle, the crankshaft fatigue strength checking method of Classification Society was used to check the crankshaft. It can be known that the empirical formula method is more conservative according to comparing the acceptability factor which are calculated by empirical formula method and finite element method. The nominal alternating torsional stress is determined by the inverse method of crankshaft fatigue strength checking method, which is the criterion of fatigue strength of the crankshaft. The fatigue strength of crankshaft can be improved by increasing fillet radius, web thickness or web width.
High-order polynomials based human lower limbs of continuous movement of estimation method
Authors: Tao Yunfei , Huang Yuping , Zheng Jigui , Chen Jing , Zhang Zhaojing , Guo Yajing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to obtain the estimated value of the continuous motion of the lower limbs of the human body (abbreviated as CMLLHB) and realize the better human-machine collaborative control effect of the exoskeleton robot, a method for estimating the amount of CMLLHB based on sEMG and high-order polynomials is proposed. Extract and form 5 feature parameter matrices of 8 channels of signals, establish a high-order polynomial-based CMLLHB, and realize CMLLHB. Through experiments, the overall average error of angle estimation based on this method is 0.09±0.11rad, the root mean square error is 1.63rad, and the average correlation coefficient Weir is 0.79. Among them, the hip joint motion estimation effect is the best.
Tortuous flow path design for leakage reduction of labyrinth seal
Authors: Zhang Mingjie , Yang Jiangang , Zhang Wanfu , Gu Qianlei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a new seal design to reduce the leakage in turbomachines. On the basis of the conventional labyrinth seal, two vertical blocking walls are added on the rotor, and one horizontal blocking wall is added on the upstream seal tooth and downstream seal tooth. In the new seal, a tortuous flow path is generated, and many vortexes appear. The new seal increases the resistance to the leakage fluid and kinetic energy dissipation. After the comparison of the leakage between the specially designed new seal and conventional labyrinth seal, it can be found that the specially designed new seal yields a reduction in the leakage of 42.7~43.6%.
Attitude control method for compound multi-rotor UAV
Authors: Shang Yuanchun , Zhao Changchun , Li Yunqing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To control the flight of the compound multi-rotor UAV which is a combination of coaxial rotor and quad-rotor, the attitude control method is proposed. The nonlinear attitude control dynamic model of the compound multi-rotor UAV is given. The Proportion-Proportion Integration Differentiation (P-PID) control method is used for the attitude control module and obtaining the virtual control values. The control values distribution matrix is used to realize mapping between the virtual control values and the multi-actuator. The rotation rate-blade pitch integration control method is used to coordinate the rotor’s rotation rate and blade pitch, which ensure fast response of the UAV’s attitude stabilization control. Simulation results show that the attitude controller can realize the UAV’s pitch, roll, yaw attitude motion control, and do well in attitude angle stability control when periodic change attitude angles is tracked.