bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online peer support training to promote adolescents’ emotional support skills, mental health and agency during COVID-19: Randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation
Authors: Pavarini Gabriela , Reardon Tessa , Hollowell Anja , Bennett Vanessa , Lawrance Emma ,   Peer Support Young People’s Advisory Group, Brooks-Hall Ellie , Foster-Estwick Ashley , Juma Damian Omari , Lewis Peter , Power Lucy , Rogers Maia , Pinfold Vanessa , Singh Ilina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdolescents often look to their peers for emotional support, so it is critical that they are prepared to take on a supportive role, especially during a health crisis. Using a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN99248812, 28/05/2020), we tested the short-term efficacy of an online training programme to equip young people with skills to support to their peers’ mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2020, one-hundred UK adolescents (aged 16–18) recruited through social media were randomly allocated (1:1) to immediate 5-day peer support training or a wait-list, via an independently generated allocation sequence. Primary outcomes were indicators of ability to help others (motivation, perceived skills, frequency of help provided, compassion to others and connectedness to peers). Secondary outcomes included emotional symptoms, mental wellbeing, and indicators of agency (civic engagement and self-efficacy). We also collected qualitative reports of participants’ experience. Assessments were completed at baseline and 1 week post randomisation (primary endpoint), and up to 4 weeks post randomisation (training group only). The training increased support-giving skills, frequency of providing support, compassion and peer connectedness (medium–large-effect sizes), but not motivation to provide support, 1 week post randomisation, compared to controls. Gains in the training group were maintained 4 weeks post randomisation. Training also improved adolescents’ mental health and agency, and qualitative reports revealed further positive outcomes including increased self-care and empowerment. Leveraging digital platforms that are familiar to young people, peer support training has the potential to enable adolescents to support their own and their peers’ mental wellbeing during a health crisis.
Alveolar bone remodeling in virtually planned, bone-grafted vs non-grafted guided flapless implant surgery in the anterior maxilla: a cross-sectional retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Åkesson Fredrik , Zamure-Damberga Liene , Lundgren Stefan , Sjöström Mats 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In patients who underwent virtual planning and guided flapless implant surgery for teeth missing in the anterior maxilla, we compared buccal bone loss between those treated with and without autogenous bone augmentation.

Methods
Of 22 patients with teeth missing because of trauma or aplasia, 10 (18 implant sites) were reconstructed with buccally placed bone graft harvested from the mandibular ramus, and 12 were non-reconstructed (16 sites). Baseline cone-beam computed tomography allowed for implant planning using the NobelClinician® software and was performed again at 1 year after functional loading. The marginal bone level was assessed radiographically at post-implant baseline and at follow-up.

Results
At follow-up, buccal bone loss differed significantly between groups at the central level of the implant (p = 0.0005) but not at the coronal level (p = 0.329). The mean marginal bone level change was 0.6 mm, with no significant between-group difference (p = 0.876). The actual implant position often deviated in the vertical or sagittal plane by an average of 0.3–0.6 mm from the planned position.

Conclusion
Compared with non-reconstructed patients, reconstructed patients experienced significantly more buccal bone loss at the central level of implants. The groups did not differ at the coronal level or in marginal bone loss, possibly because of the more augmented bone at the central level among reconstructed patients. Differences between planned versus actual implant positions should be considered in situations of limited bone volume at the planned implant site.
Construction of $$C^2$$ Cubic Splines on Arbitrary Triangulations
Authors: Lyche Tom , Manni Carla , Speleers Hendrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of constructing $$C^2$$

C
2

cubic spline functions on a given arbitrary triangulation $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
. To this end, we endow every triangle of $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
with a Wang–Shi macro-structure. The $$C^2$$

C
2

cubic space on such a refined triangulation has a stable dimension and optimal approximation power. Moreover, any spline function in this space can be locally built on each of the macro-triangles independently via Hermite interpolation. We provide a simplex spline basis for the space of $$C^2$$

C
2

cubics defined on a single macro-triangle which behaves like a Bernstein/B-spline basis over the triangle. The basis functions inherit recurrence relations and differentiation formulas from the simplex spline construction, they form a nonnegative partition of unity, they admit simple conditions for $$C^2$$

C
2

joins across the edges of neighboring triangles, and they enjoy a Marsden-like identity. Also, there is a single control net to facilitate control and early visualization of a spline function over the macro-triangle. Thanks to these properties, the complex geometry of the Wang–Shi macro-structure is transparent to the user. Stable global bases for the full space of $$C^2$$

C
2

cubics on the Wang–Shi refined triangulation $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
are deduced from the local simplex spline basis by extending the concept of minimal determining sets.
Social Support and Linkage to HIV Care Following Routine HIV Testing in a Ugandan Refugee Settlement
Authors: Parrish Canada , Nelson Erica , Faustin Zikama , Stern Joshua , Kasozi Julius , Klabbers Robin , Masereka Simon , Tsai Alexander C. , Bassett Ingrid V. , O’Laughlin Kelli N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe aimed to identify factors associated with linkage to care for individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in a refugee settlement. This study was conducted from October 2018 through January 2020 in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among individuals accessing routine HIV testing services. The survey included questions on demographic factors, physical and mental health conditions, social support, and HIV-related stigma. We collected GPS coordinates of the homes of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. Associations with linkage to care were assessed using bivariate and multivariable analyses. Linkage to care was defined as clinic attendance within 90 days of a positive HIV test, not including the day of testing. Network analysis was used to estimate the travel distance between participants’ homes and HIV clinic and to spatially characterize participants living with HIV and their levels of social support. Of 219 participants diagnosed with HIV (out of 5,568 participants screened), 74.4% linked to HIV care. Those who reported higher social support had higher odds of linking to care compared with those who reported lower social support. On spatial analysis, lower levels of social support were most prevalent in Nakivale Refugee Settlement itself, with more robust social support southeast and west of the study area. Social support is a salient correlate of linkage to care for individuals living in refugee settlements and could be the focus of an intervention for improving uptake of HIV care services.
Flexible semi-amorphous carbon nitride films with outstanding electrochemical stability derived from soluble polymeric precursors
Authors: Dubov Oleg , Marcé Jaume Giralt , Fortuny Agusti , Fabregat Azael , Stüber Frank , Font Josep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUniform flexible carbon nitride coatings have been synthesized by means of annealing of films, fabricated from soluble triazine-based polymeric precursors. The coatings exhibit fascinating electrochemical stability and drastically increase the capacitance of coated carbon cloth electrodes. Following the analogue with turbostratic carbons, typically produced by means of polymeric precursors pyrolysis, we demonstrate that annealing of dried nitrogen-rich polymeric films results in coatings, composed by nearly equal atomic quantities of carbon and nitrogen, according to elemental analysis, and exhibiting noticeable mechanical robustness. X-ray difffraction patterns and infrared spectra of the materials allow to characterize them as partially amorphous carbon nitride with presumably heptazinic structure. Annealed films exhibit extrinsic semiconducting behavior with optical bandgaps in the range from 1.71 to 1.99 eV and fairly good conductivity. The outstanding long-term electrochemical stability of annealed films makes them competitive with pyrolytic carbon, while much lower annealing temperatures allow preparation of nanocomposites with various particles. The precursor polymers were obtained by self-condensation of 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and condensation of cyanuric chloride with 5-aminotetrazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid, respectively, in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The polymers contain mainly C–N skeletal bonds and can therefore be viewed as “extension” of typical carbon nitride precursors, like melamine or dicyandiamide, to polymeric structure.
Refitting the mirrors: on structural analogies in epistemology and action theory
Authors: Miracchi Lisa , Carter J. Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStructural analogies connect Williamson’s (Knowledge and its limits, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000; Acting on knowledge. In: Carter JA, Gordon EC, Jarvis B (eds) Knowledge first: approaches in epistemology and mind, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 163–181, 2017) epistemology and action theory: for example, action is the direction-of-fit mirror image of knowledge, and knowledge stands to belief as action stands to intention. These structural analogies, for Williamson, are meant to illuminate more generally how ‘mirrors’ reversing direction of fit should be understood as connecting the spectrum of our cognitive and practically oriented mental states. This paper has two central aims, one negative and the other positive. The negative aim is to highlight some intractable problems with Williamson’s preferred analogical picture, which links the cognitive and the practical through the nexus of direction-of-fit mirroring. The positive aim of the paper is to propose a better alternative. In particular, we show that an achievement-theoretic proposal captures what is in common across the range of attitudes that exhibit the kind of structure that knowledge-belief, action-desire/intention do, while at the same time avoiding the problems shown to face Williamson’s proposed picture. Moreover, we draw attention to several key theoretical benefits of embracing our proposed achievement-theoretic picture, including some of the key benefits of the knowledge-first programme that Williamson’s own analogies were designed to secure.
Williamson on indicatives and suppositional heuristics
Authors: Berto Francesco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTimothy Williamson has defended the claim that the semantics of the indicative ‘if’ is given by the material conditional. Putative counterexamples can be handled by better understanding the role played in our assessment of indicatives by a fallible cognitive heuristic, called the Suppositional Procedure. Williamson’s Suppositional Conjecture has it that the Suppositional Procedure is humans’ primary way of prospectively assessing conditionals. This paper raises some doubts on the Suppositional Procedure and Conjecture.
Can smoking cause impotence? a radiological retrospective cohort study comparing internal pudendal artery calcification on CT in male smokers versus non-smokers
Authors: Tong Emma , McDonnell Caoimhe , Hunter Kate , Sheahan Kevin , Torreggiani William C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
This retrospective cohort study evaluated the degree of pelvic inflow and internal pudendal artery (IPA) calcification in male smokers versus non-smokers. As erectile dysfunction (ED) is strongly associated with IPA vascular, we wanted to investigate radiologically if there was a statistically significant difference in the degree of IPA calcification in smokers and potentially be a contributing factor in the cause of ED.

Methods
CT studies of 100 men aged between 40 and 60 years of age were blindly reviewed and assigned a calcium score of their vascular calcification levels. We compared scores of 50 smokers versus 50 non-smokers. The Mann Whitney U test statistic was used to test for a statistical difference in calcification score between the smoking and non-smoking groups.

Results
Results show a statistically significant association between smoking and pelvic inflow and IPA calcification. The Mann Whitney U test demonstrated a statistically significant higher calcium score in the smoking group (mean = 4.8, SD 3.7), versus the non-smoking group, (mean = 1.8, SD 1.9) (U = 701.5, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This research is the first of its kind based on an extensive literature review. The association between vascular calcification and smoking is well established, in addition to the direct relationship of IPA calcification and ED. This unique study has demonstrated an increased rate of IPA calcification in smokers with a potential inferred association with ED. Findings represent a novel and useful deterrent for health authorities to include in anti-smoking campaigns.
Potted plants can remove the pollutant nitrogen dioxide indoors
Authors: Gubb Curtis , Blanusa Tijana , Griffiths Alistair , Pfrang Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a significant pollutant in both outdoor and indoor environments with exposure linked to serious respiratory illnesses, decreased lung function and airway inflammation. Here, we investigate whether potted plants can contribute as a simple and cost-effective indoor air pollution mitigation technique. Our study investigates the ability of the combination of the three plant species Spathiphyllum wallisii ‘Verdi’, Dracaena fragrans ‘Golden Coast’ and Zamioculcas zamiifolia with two different growing media to remove in situ concentrations (100 ppb) of NO2 in real-time at two typical indoor light levels (0 and 500 lx) and in ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ growing media conditions. All studied ‘growing medium–plant systems’ were able to reduce NO2 concentrations representative of a polluted urban environment, but to varying degrees. The greatest NO2 removal measured inside a 150 L chamber over 1-h period in ‘wet’ growing media at ~ 500 lx was achieved by D. fragrans. When accounting for dilution, this would correspond to a removal of up to 3 ppb NO2 per m2 of leaf area over the 1-h test period and 0.62 ppb per potted plant over the same period when modelled for a small office (15 m3) in a highly polluted environment. Depending on building ventilation rates and NO2 concentration gradients at the indoor-outdoor interface that will vary massively between polluted urban and rural locations, potted plants offer clear potential to improve indoor air quality—in particular in confined indoor spaces that are poorly ventilated and/or located in highly polluted areas.
Neuromodulation and Eating Disorders
Authors: Gallop L. , Flynn M. , Campbell I.C. , Schmidt U. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We review recent evidence on the use of neuromodulation for treating eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. We evaluate studies on (a) modern non-invasive methods of brain stimulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (b) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and (c) more invasive techniques, including deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Recent Findings
Most reports on the clinical applications of neuromodulation in EDs are limited to case studies, case series and small clinical trials. The majority have focused on severe, enduring and hard-to-treat cases of AN. In this population, data suggest that both rTMS and DBS have therapeutic potential and are safe and acceptable.

Summary
High-quality clinical trials in different ED populations are needed which investigate different stimulation methods, sites and parameters, the use of neuromodulation as stand-alone and/or adjunctive treatment, as well as the mechanisms of action.
Numerical models of pressure-driven fluid percolation in rock salt: nucleation and propagation of flow pathways under variable stress conditions
Authors: Yoshioka Keita , Sattari Amir , Nest Mathias , Günther Ralf-Michael , Wuttke Frank , Fischer Thomas , Nagel Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuccess of our ongoing energy transition largely depends on subsurface exploitation. The subsurface can act as a “battery” to store energy dense fluids such as hydrogen, or a “host” to sequester unwanted substances such as carbon dioxide or radioactive waste. On the other hand, these operations cause the subsurface pressure and/or temperature to change and induce various (or cyclical) loadings to the surrounding formations. Their operational safety crucially hinges upon the subsurface integrity. The most imminent risk is nucleation of cracks that can lead to loss of mechanical integrity. Unlike hydraulic fracturing in geoenergy applications where one deliberately initiates cracks at certain targets, we normally design a system to avoid fracturing. At the designing stage, we thus have no prior knowledge of crack initiation locations or propagation paths. And, the computational designing tools should be able to assess the fracturing risk without such prior knowledge. In this study, we compared three computational approaches that do not require prescribed crack geometries—the discrete element method, the lattice element method, and the variational phase-field approach—against percolation experiments on rock salt. The experimental results show different fracture propagation paths depending on the boundary loads. The fracture geometries were reasonably matched by all approaches despite some differences in path irregularities. While the variational phase-field approach predicts relatively regular fracture paths, the paths predicted by the discrete and the lattice element methods are more irregular. These irregularities may seem more comparable to intergrain failure in real rocks, but they are also necessary triggers for fracture initiation in the discrete and the lattice element methods. In contrast, the fracture initiation in the variational phase-field approach is a realization of the energy minimization in the system, and the grain level descriptions are absent in the current formulation. These findings highlight their predictive capabilities and gaps to be bridged between the grain and continuum scales for field-scale applications.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Augments the Tolerance Towards Cerebral Stroke by Enhancing Neurovascular Repair Mechanism
Authors: Ghori Adnan , Prinz Vincent , Nieminen-Kehlä Melina , Bayerl Simon. H. , Kremenetskaia Irina , Riecke Jana , Krechel Hanna , Broggini Thomas , Scherschinski Lea , Licht Tamar , Keshet Eli , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical event in the development of secondary brain injury after stroke. Among the cellular hallmarks in the acute phase after stroke are a downregulation of tight-junction molecules and the loss of microvascular pericyte coverage and endothelial sealing. Thus, a rapid repair of blood vessel integrity and re-stabilization of the BBB is considered an important strategy to reduce secondary brain damage. However, the mechanisms underlying BBB disruption remain poorly understood. Especially, the role of VEGF in this context remains inconclusive. With the conditional and reversible VEGF expression systems, we studied the time windows of deleterious and beneficial VEGF actions on blood vessel integrity in mice. Using genetic systems for gain of function and loss of function experiments, we activated and inhibited VEGF signaling prior and simultaneously to ischemic stroke onset. In both scenarios, VEGF seems to play a vital role in containing the stroke-induced damage after cerebral ischemia. We report that the transgenic overexpression of VEGF (GOF) prior to the stroke stabilizes the vasculature and prevents blood–brain barrier disruption in young and aged animals after stroke. Whereas inhibition of signals for endogenous VEGF (LOF) prior to stroke results in bigger infarction with massive brain swelling and enhanced BBB permeability, furthermore, activating or blocking VEGF signaling after ischemic stroke onset had comparable effects on BBB repair and cerebral edema. VEGF can function as an anti-permeability factor, and a VEGF-based therapy in the context of stroke prevention and recovery has an enormous potential.
The Challenges of Modern Economy on the Competencies of Knowledge Workers
Authors: Muzam John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe modern environment has seen drastic changes; competency management, a core corporate strategy that enables talents to be in line with corporate objectives, is becoming a crucial aspect in solving organisational challenges and a vital source of competitive advantage. Human resource management (HRM) adds value by developing a better competency approach when it fully understands the required competencies for its knowledge workers. The purpose of this article is to understand the overall perspective (required competencies, challenges, and skills gaps) of knowledge workers’ competencies in the modern economy. An expert panel research method was used, as it allows for more complex research that addresses both observed and unobserved determinants of skill and competency requirements. Based on competency management, the result indicates that critical thinking, interpersonal and emotional skills, inspection and monitoring skills, and basic digital skills are the key competencies required. The resulting consequences of the lack of these competencies are also mentioned.
A Study on the Conversion Method Based on Standard Pedestrian Equivalent Factors at Signalized Crosswalks in China
Authors: Zhang Hui-ling , Chen Yuan-qiang , Pang Xian-xian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to more accurately assess the pedestrian level of service (PLOS) of crosswalks and to more rationally design the pedestrian signal timing, a method of calculating the standard pedestrian equivalent (SPE) factors at the signalized crosswalk in China was proposed in this study by considering the differences in static and dynamic characteristics amongst pedestrians. Firstly, the pedestrians were classified into five types using the pedestrian field data collected at the 3 signalized crosswalks in Chongqing, China. Then, by considering the parameters selection of the pedestrian LOS at signalized crosswalks, the SPE method based on pedestrian delays was derived, and the calculation models of pedestrian delays were presented for different pedestrian arrival patterns. A case analysis was conducted using the methods proposed in this paper, and the results show that the SPE values for minors, young and middle-aged females, elderly males and elderly females were 1.213, 1.067, 1.229 and 1.348, respectively. In addition, the results of the in-situ application to the pedestrian signal timing at the signalized crosswalk were achieved. This research can provide reference for practice related to transportation fields such as pedestrian capacity analysis and pedestrian signal timing design.