bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-energy ultrasonic irradiation effects on the growth and critical current density of top-seeded melt grown single grain YBa2Cu3O7-δ bulk superconductors
Authors: Hagiwara Rikako , Ishibashi Shinnosuke , Naik Sugali Pavan Kumar , Ogino Hiraku , Pęczkowski Paweł , Ishida Shigeyuki , Eisaki Hiroshi , Sakai Naomichi , Oka Tetsuo , Nishio Taichiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The enhancement of a critical current density (J
c) of REBa2Cu3O7-δ
(REBCO/YBCO, where RE=rare earth elements and Y) bulk superconductors can be achieved via dispersing normal-conductive RE2BaCuO5 (Y211) particles and other defects which are of nano-metric size in the superconducting matrix. Recently, we demonstrated the integration of high-energy ultrasonic irradiation for fabricating high quality YBCO superconductors which effectively improved J
c and trapped fields. In the present work, we investigated the effect of 30 mol.% of Y211 particle produced via high-energy ultrasonication irradiation on the growth and superconducting properties of top-seeded melt grown bulk YBCO single grains. Ultrasonic power of 450 W was employed for 30 minutes to create the sharp-edged, individual and nano-meter sized Y211 phase particles. Systematic isothermal experiments were conducted at various temperatures from 1005 °C − 980 °C. The growth of YBCO grain from a single crystalline NdBCO seed was initiated at 1000 °C and as the isothermal temperature decreased the growth area increased due to the improved peritectic reaction. The field dependence of J
c was improved when the under-cooling isothermal temperature decreased. The present method is reliable, cost-effective, and free from any chemical contamination.
Implementing High Q-Factor HTS Resonators to Enhance Probe Sensitivity in 13C NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Thomas J N , Johnston T L , Litvak I M , Ramaswamy V , Merritt M E , Rocca J R , Edison A S , Brey W W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) probes using thin-film high temperature superconducting (HTS) resonators provide exceptional mass sensitivity in small-sample NMR experiments for natural products chemistry and metabolomics. We report improvements in sensitivity to our 1.5 mm 13C-optimized NMR probe based on HTS resonators. The probe has a sample volume of 35 microliters and operates in a 14.1 T magnet. The probe also features HTS resonators for 1H transmission and detection and the 2H lock. The probe utilizes a 13C resonator design that provides greater efficiency than our previous design. The quality factor of the new resonator in the 14.1 T background field was measured to be 4,300, which is over 3x the value of the previous design. To effectively implement the improved quality factor, we demonstrate the effect of adding a shorted transmission line stub to increase the bandwidth and reduce the rise/fall time of 13C irradiation pulses. Initial NMR measurements verify 13C NMR sensitivity is significantly improved while preserving detection bandwidth. The probe will be used for applications in metabolomics.
Compact Stochastic Computing Circuits Using the Latching Function of RSFQ Circuits for Computing Polynomials
Authors: Wada Koki , Kito Nobutaka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stochastic computing (SC) is a method of expressing a numerical value by the appearance ratio of 1 in a bitstream to perform an operation. Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits can handle SC naturally and operate at ultra-high speed. RSFQ SC circuits are suitable for applications tolerating error. This paper presents a design method of RSFQ SC circuits to calculate polynomials. Using the proposed design method, an internal circuit is designed to feed bitstreams of coefficients from bitstreams of constant to reduce large stochastic number generators. The method inserts storage elements to reduce correlations of signals, and thereby reduce the calculation error of the circuit. Additionally, it minimizes the number of inserted D flip-flops utilizing the latching function of gate inputs of RSFQ logic gates.
High-fidelity circuit simulation of AQFP circuits through compact models extracted from layout
Authors: Fourie Coenrad J , Jackman Kyle 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron (AQFP) superconductor logic circuits rely on magnetic coupling between the gate and clock and control lines to function. Circuit designers start by designing a circuit netlist, selecting parameters to fit design objectives, optimizing the netlist in simulation and then progressing to integrated circuit layout. Hand-designed netlists mostly do not contain all the mutual inductances between inductors. The lack of a complete set of mutual inductances can limit the accuracy of the designed netlist. For a circuit netlist to be an exact representation of the layout, the number of inductors should be equal to the number of fundamental cycles in the netlist graph and all inductors should be coupled. In this paper, we show that full-circuit inductance extraction of AQFP layout where self and mutual inductances are specified by the designer produces small but possibly significant errors due to mismatch between the design schematic and the layout. With compact simulation model extraction, which we added to the InductEx tool chain, a much more accurate simulation model that includes all mutual inductances can be obtained to verify circuit performance after layout. We propose compact model extraction as the final step in cell library characterisation.
Numerical simulation of a high-power density 10 MW REBCO superconducting synchronous generator cooled by sub-cooled LN2 for low AC loss
Authors: Noda Kaito , Sasa Hiromasa , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Miura Shun , Yoshida Takashi , Sasayama Teruyoshi , Iwakuma Masataka , Kawagoe Akifumi , Izumi Teruo , Konno Masayuki , Sasamori Yuichiro , Honda Hirokazu , Hase Yoshiji , Shutoh Masao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Generators used in electric aircraft require a high-power density, and AC loss is also a significant problem. We designed 10 MW REBCO superconducting synchronous generators at 64 K to achieve a power density of 20 kW/kg and low AC loss. In this study, electromagnetic analyses were performed using finite element method software. Consequently, the thickness of the back yoke is 50 mm or less so that the generator can meet the target power density. The method of decreasing the magnetic field of the armature winding and increasing that of the field winding was used to effectively reduce the AC loss. As a result, the generator achieved a high-power density of 21.0 kW/kg, reducing the AC loss from over 600 kW to 415 kW.
Evaluation of the effect of gravity on the rotational loss of superconducting magnetic bearings for space applications
Authors: Okumura Satsuki , Onoue Takemi , Ahmad Doa , Terao Yutaka , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Sakurai Yuki , Matsumura Tomotake , Katayama Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the relationship between the levitation gap change and losses in a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) system. We develop a polarization modulator bearing for a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment. The heat generated by the polarization modulator needs to be kept very low. Therefore, it is essential to model the effect of the levitation gap change of a rotor due to gravity on the rotational loss. We have constructed a prototype small experimental platform of an axial-flux SMB with an array of high-temperature superconductors, YBCO, and a permanent magnet ring. In this system, the weight of the rotor can be set. We measured the effect of the change in the levitation gap of the rotor due to gravity on the loss. When the levitation force was 5.5 N and 16.0 N, the losses generated in the rotor were 9.1 × 10−3 W and 1.6 × 10−2 W, respectively. It was confirmed that the loss increases with the increase in the levitation force of the SMB.
Measurements of time and spatial resolution of AC-LGADs with different designs
Authors: D’Amen G. , Chen W. , Giacomini G. , Rossi E. , Tricoli A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
AC-LGAD sensors are prime candidates for fast and precise measurement of charged particles in a variety of applications. In a fine-pitched pixel or strip AC-LGAD sensor, the signal generated by the passage of a particle is not localized in a limited volume in the sensor, but is shared among multiple electrodes. This signal sharing characteristic allows us to improve the spatial resolution of AC-LGAD sensors beyond the capabilities of common silicon trackers. Since the magnitude of the shared signal depends on the distance between the pixels or strips and the point of passage of the particle, signal sharing is strongly influenced by the geometry of the sensor. The electrode pitch and gap size as well as the shape can be fine tuned to maximize the space resolution, while keeping the detector granularity and the number of channels to be read out under control. Prototypes of AC-LGAD sensors produced at the Brookhaven National Laboratory covering a variety of possible geometries have been studied via Transient Current Technique using an infrared laser, and the signal sharing, spatial resolution, and time resolution of the different topologies have been measured. These results have been compared with measurements performed in test-beams with 120 GeV protons at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. A time resolution of ∼30 ps can be achieved using AC-LGAD sensors with a thickness of 50 μm, compatible to that of standard DC-coupled LGADs, while presenting a far superior spatial resolution. This combination of high precision, fast timing capabilities, and low material budget makes AC-LGADs an ideal choice for a truly 4D detector.
Modelling the behaviour of microchannel plates using CST particle tracking software
Authors: Baldwin E.J. , Lapington J.S. , Leach S.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photon counting detectors are essential for many applications, including astronomy, medical imaging, nuclear and particle physics. An extremely important characteristic of photon counting detectors is the method of electron multiplication. In vacuum tubes such as photomultiplier tubes and microchannel plates (MCPs), secondary electron emission (SEE) provides electron multiplication through an accelerating field across the dynode(s). A significant electron cascade can be observed in these structures which are routinely used in industry and research. Both devices have been thoroughly tested experimentally. Developing new MCP designs can be expensive and time consuming so the ability to simulate new structures will provide many advantages to instrument designers and manufacturers. There are, however, significant challenges in accurately simulating MCPs, with many geometrical variables to consider as well as material SEE properties. The SEE process is probabilistic, and with MCPs having a very high gain, significant computational resource is required to simulate the resulting electron output for a model. In our research we illustrate how this can be achieved by developing an MCP model using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite software. The model consists of a charged particle source, a small seven-pore MCP structure (including electrodes, resistive and emissive surfaces), as well as the readout anode, with appropriate potentials applied to the components of the model. We present simulation results from the modelled MCPs, demonstrate electron multiplication performance, and compare these results with those predicted by theory. Our goal is to expand this model and identify optimum MCP parameters, for various science applications, using novel materials to optimise detector performance.
Reduction of contribution of scattered photons by optimization of energy window settings in 201Tl SPECT imaging: a simulation study
Authors: Noori-Asl Mahsa , Hosseinifar Hoora 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: detection of Compton scattered photons is one of the effective factors in reducing the quality of SPECT images. The aim of this study is to reduce the contribution of scattered counts included in the main energy window for 201Tl SPECT imaging in two steps: first step, by determining the location and width of the optimal main energy window, and second step, by using the optimal correction methods.

Materials and Methods: in this study, the Monte Carlo program is used to simulate the required phantoms (a cylindrical phantom consist of two small cylinders with different diameters and a simple cardiac phantom), and to produce the projections related to different energy windows.

Results: according to the simulation results, among the 13 investigated energy windows, the 30%-wide window with the central energy of 75 keV is determined as the optimal main window for 201Tl SPECT imaging. Also, from the results of this study, two energy window settings are proposed as the most suitable settings for scatter correction of 201Tl SPECT images. In the first case, a second energy window (a 34%-wide window centered at 51 keV) with counts approximately equal to the scattered counts of the optimal main window, and in the second case, two narrow windows (a 8%-wide window centered at 56 keV and a 6%-wide window centered at 92 keV) on both sides of the optimal main window and at a certain distance from two sides of this window are determined as the most suitable energy window settings for these methods.

Conclusion: using the optimal main window together with the optimal scatter correction settings proposed in this study leads to a significant improvement of the contrast of 201Tl SPECT images with an acceptable noise level.
Spatial multivariate selection of climate indices for precipitation over India
Authors: Nagaraj Meghana , Srivastav Roshan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Large-scale interdependent teleconnections influence precipitation at various spatio-temporal scales. Selecting the relevant climate indices based on geographical location is important. Therefore, this study focuses on the spatial multivariate selection of climate indices influencing precipitation variability over India, using the partial least square regression and variable importance of projection technique. 17 climate indices and gridded precipitation dataset (0.25 × 0.25°) from the Indian Meteorological Department for 1951–2020 at a monthly scale are considered. Results show that among all the indices, Nino 4, Nino 1 + 2, Trans Nino Index, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), Arctic oscillation (AO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have a significant influence on precipitation over India. Further, within homogenous regions, it is found that the Southern Oscillation Index and Nino 3.4 are selected majorly in the South Peninsular compared to other regions. The NAO/AO show a similar pattern and was found to be relevant in the Northeast region (>89%). AMO is selected mainly in Northwest, and West Central (>80%), AMO and QBO at about 70% of grid locations over Central Northeast India. It is to be noted that the number of climate indices identified varies spatially across the study region. Overall, the study highlights identifying the relevant climate indices would aid in developing improved predictive and parsimonious models for agriculture planning and water resources management
Thalamic gray matter volume mediates the association betweenKIBRApolymorphism and olfactory function among older adults: a population-based study
Authors: Song Lin , Han Xiaodong , Li Yuanjing , Han Xiaolei , Zhao Mingqing , Li Chunyan , Wang Pin , Wang Jiafeng , Dong Yi , Cong Lin , Han Xiaojuan , Hou Tingting , Liu Keke , Wang Yongxiang , Qiu Chengxuan , Du Yifeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) rs17070145 polymorphism is associated with both structure and activation of the olfactory cortex. However, no studies have thus far examined whether KIBRA can be linked with olfactory function and whether brain structure plays any role in the association. We addressed these questions in a population-based cross-sectional study among rural-dwelling older adults. This study included 1087 participants derived from the Multidomain Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China, who underwent the brain MRI scans in August 2018 to October 2020; of these, 1016 took the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks identification test and 634 (62.40%) were defined with olfactory impairment (OI). Data were analyzed using the voxel-based morphometry analysis and general linear, logistic, and structural equation models. The KIBRA rs17070145 C-allele (CC or CT vs. TT genotype) was significantly associated with greater gray matter volume (GMV) mainly in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and left thalamus (P &lt; 0.05) and with the multi-adjusted odds ratio of 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.56–0.95) for OI. The left thalamic GMV could mediate 8.08% of the KIBRA-olfaction association (P &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that the KIBRA rs17070145 C-allele is associated with a reduced likelihood of OI among older adults, partly mediated through left thalamic GMV.
The role of viscosity in flavor preference: plasticity and interactions with taste
Authors: Colbert Sarah E , Triplett Cody S , Maier Joost X 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The brain combines gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory information to create our perception of flavor. Within the somatosensory modality, texture attributes such as viscosity appear to play an important role in flavor preference. However, research into the role of texture in flavor perception is relatively sparse, and the contribution of texture cues to hedonic evaluation of flavor remains largely unknown. Here, we used a rat model to investigate whether viscosity preferences can be manipulated through association with nutrient value, and how viscosity interacts with taste to inform preferences for taste + viscosity mixtures. To address these questions, we measured preferences for moderately viscous solutions prepared with xanthan gum using 2-bottle consumption tests. By experimentally exposing animals to viscous solutions with and without nutrient value, we demonstrate that viscosity preferences are susceptible to appetitive conditioning. By independently varying viscosity and taste content of solutions, we further show that taste and viscosity cues both contribute to preferences for taste + viscosity mixtures. How these 2 modalities are combined depended on relative palatability, with mixture preferences falling in between component preferences, suggesting that hedonic aspects of taste and texture inputs are centrally integrated. Together, these findings provide new insight into how texture aspects of flavor inform hedonic perception and impact food choice behavior.
Successful treatment of a patient with type-A acute aortic dissection with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention and thoracic endovascular aortic repair under percutaneous cardiopulmonary support: a case report
Authors: Shigihara Shota , Shirakabe Akihiro , Okazaki Hirotake , Asai Kuniya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Type-A acute aortic dissection (AAD) with acute coronary involvement can be instantly fatal. The patient’s haemodynamics can easily collapse, so rapid decisions regarding treatment strategy are essential.

Case summary
A 76-year-old man requested an ambulance because of sudden back pain and paraplegia. He was admitted to the emergency room with cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. Computed tomography angiography revealed a thrombosed AAD from the ascending to the distal aorta after the renal artery bifurcation, suggesting a retrograde DeBakey type IIIb (DeBakey IIIb + r, Stanford type-A) dissection. He suddenly developed ventricular fibrillation with cardiac arrest and haemodynamic collapse. We thus performed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair under percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support and respiratory support were withdrawn 5 and 12 days after admission, respectively. The patient was transferred to the general ward on Day 28; he was eventually discharged to a rehabilitation hospital on Day 60, having recovered completely.

Conclusion
Immediate decisions regarding treatment strategy are essential. Non-invasive emergent treatment strategies (such as PCI and TEVAR under PCPS) may be options for critically ill patients with type-A AAD.
Anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery diagnosed in adulthood: a case series on variations of coronary anatomy and the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Talebian Yazdi Mehrdad , Robbers-Visser D , van der Bilt I A C , Boekholdt S M , Koolbergen D R , Planken R N , Groenink M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disorder with high mortality rates in infancy. Adult cases can present with life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Case summary
We report three cases of adults with anomalous pulmonary origin of each of the main coronary branches. The first patient with an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery presented with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The second patient with an anomalous circumflex artery from the pulmonary artery was evaluated for a bicuspid aortic valve and a suspected coronary fistula but was otherwise asymptomatic. The third patient with an anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery presented with anginal symptoms. In all cases, the diagnosis was made by cardiac computed tomography or coronary angiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients to guide clinical decision making on surgical or non-invasive management. All patients underwent surgical repair. In two patients, a dual coronary artery system was restored by aortic reimplantation of the anomalous coronary artery. In one patient, aortic reimplantation was unsuccessful due to poor vessel quality and the anomalous coronary artery was ligated. Clinical follow-up during 1.8–9.7 years did not show any cardiovascular complications and all patients are currently alive and asymptomatic.

Discussion
Anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can have various clinical presentations in adulthood. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a useful modality to guide selection of patients who might have symptomatic or prognostic benefit from surgical repair.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incident cases of chronic diseases in Finland
Authors: Wikström Katja , Linna Miika , Laatikainen Tiina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused changes in the availability and use of health services, and disruptions have been reported in chronic disease management. We aimed to study the impact of the pandemic on the incidence of chronic diseases in Finland using register-based data. Incident cases of chronic diseases decreased, except for cases of anxiety disorders. The annual reductions ranged from 5% in cases of cancers to over 16% in cases of type 2 diabetes. These findings may be due to diagnostic delays and highlight the importance of ensuring access to health care and the continuity of care in all circumstances.