bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Magnetic Properties of an Interpenetrated Mn(II) Triazolate Coordination Framework
Authors: Röß‐Ohlenroth Richard , Hirrle Marcel , Kraft Maryana , Kalytta‐Mewes Andreas , Jesche Anton , Krug von Nidda Hans‐Albrecht , Volkmer Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoordination frameworks and metal‐organic frameworks built from simple triazole ligands such as 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole (H‐ta) have recently inspired great interest owing to physical phenomena such as electronic conductivity, phase transitions and their magnetic behavior. In line of our endeavors we report on the solvothermal reaction of MnCl2 ⋅ 4H2O with H‐ta ligand in isopropyl alcohol leading to the the novel CFA‐23 (((propan‐2‐yl)oxidanium)+[Mn6Cl5(ta)8]−; CFA‐23=Coordination Framework Augsburg University‐23) coordination framework. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) reveals that it crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P42/nnm (134) exhibiting a two‐fold interpenetrated framework with the topologies of a dia net with point (Schläfli) symbol 66. The thermal stability of this compound was investigated using variable temperature X‐ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The magnetic properties of CFA‐23 differ from a similar non‐interpenetrated literature structure of the composition (H[Mn6(bta)8Cl5] ⋅ (H2O)4) built from 1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole, thus, indicating that sterically induced lattice changes might be an adjustment parameter for magnetic properties in such frameworks.
Evaluating Mixture-of-Experts Architectures for Network Aggregation
Authors: Pavlitskaya Svetlana , Hubschneider Christian , Weber Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture is an approach to aggregate several expert components via an additional gating module, which learns to predict the most suitable distribution of the expert’s outputs for each input. An MoE thus not only relies on redundancy for increased robustness—we also demonstrate how this architecture can provide additional interpretability, while retaining performance similar to a standalone network. As an example, we train expert networks to perform semantic segmentation of the traffic scenes and combine them into an MoE with an additional gating network. Our experiments with two different expert model architectures ( and ) reveal that the MoE is able to reach, and for certain data subsets even surpass, the baseline performance and also outperforms a simple aggregation via ensembling. A further advantage of an MoE is the increased interpretability—a comparison of pixel-wise predictions of the whole MoE model and the participating experts’ help to identify regions of high uncertainty in an input.
Invertible Neural Networks for Understanding Semantics of Invariances of CNN Representations
Authors: Rombach Robin , Esser Patrick , Blattmann Andreas , Ommer Björn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo tackle increasingly complex tasks, it has become an essential ability of neural networks to learn abstract representations. These task-specific representations and, particularly, the invariances they capture turn neural networks into black-box models that lack interpretability. To open such a black box, it is, therefore, crucial to uncover the different semantic concepts a model has learned as well as those that it has learned to be invariant to. We present an approach based on invertible neural networks (INNs) that (i) recovers the task-specific, learned invariances by disentangling the remaining factor of variation in the data and that (ii) invertibly transforms these recovered invariances combined with the model representation into an equally expressive one with accessible semantic concepts. As a consequence, neural network representations become understandable by providing the means to (i) expose their semantic meaning, (ii) semantically modify a representation, and (iii) visualize individual learned semantic concepts and invariances. Our invertible approach significantly extends the abilities to understand black-box models by enabling post hoc interpretations of state-of-the-art networks without compromising their performance. Our implementation is available at https://compvis.github.io/invariances/.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Authors: Elmokashfi Ahmed , Lysne Olav , Naumova Valeriya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the early months of 2020, a new virus began to spread in societies around the world. This virus, named SARS-CoV-2 or simply coronavirus, caused a disease called COVID-19 that had a deadly outcome in a disturbingly high fraction of cases. The elderly and those with an underlying chronic disease seemed to be particularly vulnerable [3]. Some months into 2020, the disease was classified as a global pandemic.
Perturbative higher-derivative terms in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 6 asymmetric orbifolds
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Bossard Guillaume , Consoli Dario 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We analyse the perturbative four-point amplitudes in the simplest string theory examples of T-fold backgrounds, which enjoy $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 supersymmetries in four dimensions. There are two theories defined as asymmetric orbifolds of order 2 and 3, respectively. The perturbative spectrum and the one-loop four-point amplitudes are shown to be invariant under an arithmetic symplectic group defined over the Hurwitz (respectively Eisenstein) quaternions. The supersymmetry constraints on the low energy effective couplings are determined and we conjecture the U-duality group of the theory and the non-perturbative completion of the six-derivative coupling as a rank one theta series. We discuss the non-perturbative spectrum of BPS states in the light of our analysis.
Neutrino forces and the Sommerfeld enhancement
Authors: Coy Rupert , Xu Xun-Jie , Yu Bingrong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Sommerfeld enhancement plays an important role in dark matter (DM) physics, and can significantly enhance the annihilation cross section of non-relativistic DM particles. In this paper, we study the effect of neutrino forces, which are generated by the exchange of a pair of light neutrinos, on the Sommerfeld enhancement. We demonstrate that in certain cases, a neutrino force can cause a significant correction to the Sommerfeld enhancement. Models that can realise DM-neutrino interactions and sizeable Sommerfeld enhancement are also briefly discussed, together with the impacts on DM phenomenology of neutrino forces.
BCFT and Islands in two dimensions
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Takayanagi Tadashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
By combining the AdS/BCFT correspondence and the brane world holography, we expect an equivalence relation between a boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) and a gravitational system coupled to a CFT. However, it still remains unclear how the boundary condition of the BCFT is translated in the gravitational system. We examine this duality relation in a two-dimensional setup by looking at the computation of entanglement entropy and energy flux conservation. We also identify the two-dimensional gravity which is dual to the boundary dynamics of a BCFT. Moreover, we show that by considering a gravity solution with scalar fields turned on, we can reproduce one point functions correctly in the AdS/BCFT.
On the maximal part in unrefinable partitions of triangular numbers
Authors: Aragona Riccardo , Campioni Lorenzo , Civino Roberto , Lauria Massimo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA partition into distinct parts is refinable if one of its parts a can be replaced by two different integers which do not belong to the partition and whose sum is a, and it is unrefinable otherwise. Clearly, the condition of being unrefinable imposes on the partition a non-trivial limitation on the size of the largest part and on the possible distributions of the parts. We prove a $$O(n^{1/2})$$

O
(

n

1
/
2

)

-upper bound for the largest part in an unrefinable partition of n, and we call maximal those which reach the bound. We show a complete classification of maximal unrefinable partitions for triangular numbers, proving that if n is even there exists only one maximal unrefinable partition of $$n(n+1)/2$$

n
(
n
+
1
)
/
2

, and that if n is odd the number of such partitions equals the number of partitions of $$\lceil n/2\rceil $$

⌈
n
/
2
⌉

into distinct parts. In the second case, an explicit bijection is provided.
The association between the interactive and diagnostic use of financial and non-financial performance measures with individual creativity: The mediating role of perceived fairness
Authors: Nuhu Nuraddeen Abubakar , Baird Kevin , Su Sophia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines the associations between top management’s interactive and diagnostic use of financial and non-financial performance measures with individual manager’s (i.e. middle and lower level managers) creativity, and the mediating role of middle and lower level manager’s perceived fairness of their performance appraisal on such associations. Using data from a survey of 220 middle and lower level managers from manufacturing organisations in Australia, the structural equation model revealed direct positive associations between both the diagnostic use of financial performance measures and the interactive use of non-financial performance measures with individual creativity. Further, the positive effect of the interactive use of financial performance measures on individual creativity is positively and fully mediated by distributive, interpersonal and informational fairness, while the positive effect of the interactive use of non-financial measures is positively and partially mediated by interpersonal and informational fairness. In addition, procedural fairness positively and partially mediates the effect of the diagnostic use of financial performance measures on individual creativity, and interpersonal fairness positively and fully mediates the effect of the diagnostic use of non-financial performance measures on individual creativity. The findings contribute to the performance measurement and appraisal literature examining the interactive and diagnostic use of both financial and non-financial performance measures and extends the sparse literature on the role of perceived fairness in explaining the behavioural effect of performance measurement systems. The findings also provide implications for practice, revealing the importance of the interactive and diagnostic use of financial and non-financial performance measures, and manager’s perception of the fairness of performance appraisal processes as a mechanism through which individual manager’s creativity can be enhanced.
In silico screening and heterologous expression of soluble dimethyl sulfide monooxygenases of microbial origin in Escherichia coli
Authors: Karaiyan Prasanth , Chang Catherine Ching Han , Chan Eng-Seng , Tey Beng Ti , Ramanan Ramakrishnan Nagasundara , Ooi Chien Wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sequence-based screening has been widely applied in the discovery of novel microbial enzymes. However, majority of the sequences in the genomic databases were annotated using computational approaches and lacks experimental characterization. Hence, the success in obtaining the functional biocatalysts with improved characteristics requires an efficient screening method that considers a wide array of factors. Recombinant expression of microbial enzymes is often hampered by the undesirable formation of inclusion body. Here, we present a systematic in silico screening method to identify the proteins expressible in soluble form and with the desired biological properties. The screening approach was adopted in the recombinant expression of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) monooxygenase in Escherichia coli. DMS monooxygenase, a two-component enzyme consisting of DmoA and DmoB subunits, was used as a model protein. The success rate of producing soluble and active DmoA is 71% (5 out of 7 genes). Interestingly, the soluble recombinant DmoA enzymes exhibited the NADH:FMN oxidoreductase activity in the absence of DmoB (second subunit), and the cofactor FMN, suggesting that DmoA is also an oxidoreductase. DmoA originated from Janthinobacterium sp. AD80 showed the maximum NADH oxidation activity (maximum reaction rate: 6.6 µM/min; specific activity: 133 µM/min/mg). This novel finding may allow DmoA to be used as an oxidoreductase biocatalyst for various industrial applications. The in silico gene screening methodology established from this study can increase the success rate of producing soluble and functional enzymes while avoiding the laborious trial and error involved in the screening of a large pool of genes available.

Key points
• A systematic gene screening method was demonstrated.
• DmoA is also an oxidoreductase capable of oxidizing NADH and reducing FMN.
• DmoA oxidizes NADH in the absence of external FMN.
Inequality, poverty and the composition of redistribution
Authors: Costas-Fernández Julián , Lodato Simón 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the use of social expenditures and regulation for redistribution. When regulated goods are essential in the consumption bundle of the poor, a high poverty rate creates incentives to increase redistribution through regulation. By contrast, inequality directs redistribution towards social expenditures. We propose a theoretical model that captures the trade-off between these two redistributive policies and test the model implications with a novel municipality dataset on income and local government policies. Theory predicts and empirical evidence supports that failing to account for poverty biases the effect of inequality on redistribution. Our evidence also reflects the positive connection between poverty and the use of regulation for redistribution.
A standard protocol for the analysis of postmortem muscle protein degradation: process optimization and considerations for the application in forensic PMI estimation
Authors: Pittner Stefan , Merold Veronika , Anders Sven , Lohner Larissa , Amendt Jens , Klinger Miriam , Hausmann Roland , Kissling Steffen , Monticelli Fabio , Geissenberger Janine , Zissler Angela , Steinbacher Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe analysis of postmortem protein degradation has become of large interest for the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI). Although several techniques have been published in recent years, protein degradation-based techniques still largely did not exceed basic research stages. Reasons include impractical and complex sampling procedures, as well as highly variable protocols in the literature, making it difficult to compare results. Following a three-step procedure, this study aimed to establish an easily replicable standardized procedure for sampling and processing, and further investigated the reliability and limitations for routine application. Initially, sampling and processing were optimized using a rat animal model. In a second step, the possible influences of sample handling and storage on postmortem protein degradation dynamics were assessed on a specifically developed human extracorporeal degradation model. Finally, the practical application was simulated by the collection of tissue in three European forensic institutes and an international transfer to our forensic laboratory, where the samples were processed and analyzed according to the established protocol.
CFTR reduces the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma and is a strong predictor of survival in both smokers and non-smokers
Authors: Xiao Qingyang , Koutsilieri Stefania , Sismanoglou Despoina-Christina , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
One of the main hurdles of oncological therapy is the development of drug resistance. The ABC transporter gene family contributes majorly to cancer chemoresistance. However, effects of somatic expression of most ABC transporters on cancer outcomes remain largely unclear.

Methods
We systematically analyzed expression signatures of all 48 human ABC transporters in samples from 8562 patients across 14 different cancer types. The association between CFTR (ABCC7) expression and outcomes was analyzed experimentally using knock-downs and pharmacological CFTR stimulation.

Results
Across 720 analyzed clinical associations with patient outcomes, 363 were nominally significant of which 29 remained significant after stringent Bonferroni correction. Among those were various previously known associations, as well as a multitude of novel factors that correlated with poor prognosis or predicted improved outcomes. The association between low CFTR levels and reduced survival in lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed in two independent cohorts of 246 patients with a history of smoking (logrank P = 0.0021, hazard ratio [HR], 0.49) and 143 never-smokers (logrank P = 0.0023, HR 0.31). Further in vitro experiments using naturally CFTR expressing lung adenocarcinoma cells showed that treatment with CFTR potentiators significantly reduced proliferation at therapeutically relevant concentrations.

Conclusions
These results suggest that CFTR acts as a pharmacologically activatable tumor suppressor and constitutes a promising target for adjuvant therapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
A framework for modeling and executing task-Specific resource allocations in business processes
Authors: Ihde Sven , Pufahl Luise , Völker Maximilian , Goel Asvin , Weske Mathias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs resources are valuable assets, organizations have to decide which resources to allocate to business process tasks in a way that the process is executed not only effectively but also efficiently. Traditional role-based resource allocation leads to effective process executions, since each task is performed by a resource that has the required skills and competencies to do so. However, the resulting allocations are typically not as efficient as they could be, since optimization techniques have yet to find their way in traditional business process management scenarios. On the other hand, operations research provides a rich set of analytical methods for supporting problem-specific decisions on resource allocation. This paper provides a novel framework for creating transparency on existing tasks and resources, supporting individualized allocations for each activity in a process, and the possibility to integrate problem-specific analytical methods of the operations research domain. To validate the framework, the paper reports on the design and prototypical implementation of a software architecture, which extends a traditional process engine with a dedicated resource management component. This component allows us to define specific resource allocation problems at design time, and it also facilitates optimized resource allocation at run time. The framework is evaluated using a real-world parcel delivery process. The evaluation shows that the quality of the allocation results increase significantly with a technique from operations research in contrast to the traditional applied rule-based approach.
Programmed cell death detection methods: a systematic review and a categorical comparison
Authors: Kari Sana , Subramanian Kumar , Altomonte Ilenia Agata , Murugesan Akshaya , Yli-Harja Olli , Kandhavelu Meenakshisundaram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProgrammed cell death is considered a key player in a variety of cellular processes that helps to regulate tissue growth, embryogenesis, cell turnover, immune response, and other biological processes. Among different types of cell death, apoptosis has been studied widely, especially in the field of cancer research to understand and analyse cellular mechanisms, and signaling pathways that control cell cycle arrest. Hallmarks of different types of cell death have been identified by following the patterns and events through microscopy. Identified biomarkers have also supported drug development to induce cell death in cancerous cells. There are various serological and microscopic techniques with advantages and limitations, that are available and are being utilized to detect and study the mechanism of cell death. The complexity of the mechanism and difficulties in distinguishing among different types of programmed cell death make it challenging to carry out the interventions and delay its progression. In this review, mechanisms of different forms of programmed cell death along with their conventional and unconventional methods of detection of have been critically reviewed systematically and categorized on the basis of morphological hallmarks and biomarkers to understand the principle, mechanism, application, advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, a very comprehensive comparative analysis has been drawn to highlight the most efficient and effective methods of detection of programmed cell death, helping researchers to make a reliable and prudent selection among the available methods of cell death assay. Conclusively, how programmed cell death detection methods can be improved and can provide information about distinctive stages of cell death detection have been discussed.
Unexpected microbial metabolic responses to elevated temperatures and nitrogen addition in subarctic soils under different land uses
Authors: Schroeder Julia , Peplau Tino , Gregorich Edward , Tebbe Christoph C. , Poeplau Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubarctic regions are particularly affected by global warming. As vegetation periods lengthen, boreal forests could gradually be converted into agricultural land. How land use alters the susceptibility of soil organic matter decomposition to rising temperatures or how changes in nutrient availability, such as nitrogen (N) fertilisation, affect carbon (C) cycling is unknown. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) defines how much of the decomposed soil organic carbon is directed to growth or lost to the atmosphere. Here, we investigated the response of CUE (24 h) and soil organic matter decomposition (50 days) to + 10 °C warming and N addition in three subarctic soils derived from paired plots (forest, grassland, cropland) in the Yukon, Canada. Contrary to our literature-based expectations, boreal forest soils did not demonstrate the most sensitive response to warming and N addition. Temperature sensitivity was not affected by land-use type. In contrast to a generally assumed decline, short-term warming increased CUE by + 30%, which was positively correlated with microbial growth. N addition reduced overall CUE by − 7%, in contrast to the expectation that CUE would rise due to the alleviation of nutrient limitations. The response to N addition was negatively correlated with the ratio of fungi to bacteria, and presumably depended on the prevailing N-fertilisation regime. The temperature sensitivity of microbial metabolism was driven by site-specific parameters rather than by land-use type. Our results indicate that it may not be necessary to consider land use-specific temperature sensitivities when modelling soil organic carbon dynamics under future climate conditions.
Pretrial Detention and Incarceration Decisions for Foreign Nationals: a Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Wermink Hilde , Light Michael T. , Krubnik Alicja P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An increase in the mobility of persons across national borders coincides with an overrepresentation of foreign nationals in the penal systems of Western Europe, though this phenomenon is not yet well understood. This paper positions itself at the intersection of migration and criminology by examining citizenship disparities in pretrial detention and whether said disparities affect incarceration outcomes. Leveraging a mixed-methods strategy, we make use of individual-level criminal case and interview data from the Netherlands. Our quasi-experimental quantitative analyses show significant and substantive differences in the assignment of pretrial detention to foreign citizens, which affects the risk of future incarceration. Our interviews reveal that citizenship disparities manifest themselves through multiple mechanisms: (i) foreign defendants are viewed as flight risks, (ii) fewer non-prison sanctions are assigned in cases involving foreign defendants, and (iii) pretrial detention is seen as an efficient method for punishment.