bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel insulator defect detection scheme based on Deep Convolutional Auto‐Encoder for small negative samples
Authors: Deng Fangming , Luo Wei , Wei Baoquan , Zuo Yong , Zeng Han , He Yigang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel insulator defect detection scheme based on Deep Convolutional Auto‐Encoder (DCAE) for small negative samples. The proposed DCAE scheme combines the advantages of supervised learning and unsupervised learning. In order to reduce the high cost of training Deep Neural Networks, this paper pre‐trained the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) through open labelled datasets. Through transferring learning, the encoder part of the traditional Convolutional Auto‐Encoder was replaced by the first three layers of the CNN, and a small number of defect samples were used to fine‐tune the parameters. A threshold discrimination scheme was designed to evaluate the model detection, realising the self‐explosion detection of insulator by judging the residual result and abnormal score. The experimental results show that compared with the existing insulator self‐explosion detection schemes, the proposed scheme can reduce the model training time by up to 40%, and the recognition accuracy can reach 97%. Moreover, this model does not need a large number of insulator labelled data and is especially suitable for small negative sample application.
Fast CP‐compression layer: Tensor CP‐decomposition to compress layers in deep learning
Authors: Ji Yuwang , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep neural network (DNN) shows its powerful performance in terms of image classification and many other applications. However, as the number of network layers increases, it brings huge pressure on devices with limited resources. In this article, a novel network compression algorithm is proposed that compresses the original network by up to about 60 times. In particular, a tensor Canonical Polyadic(CP) decomposition based algorithm is proposed to compress the weight matrix in the fully connected(FC) layer and the convolution kernel in the convolution layer. Traditional tensor decomposition algorithms are usually to first pre‐train the weights, and decompose the weights, finally perform fine‐tuning on the factors in the second training phase. Instead, the decomposed factors are directly updated by performing tensor CP decomposition on weight without fine‐tuning. The proposed algorithm is called Fast CP‐Compression Layer method in this paper. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm cannot only reduce computing time and improve compression factor but also improve accuracy on some datasets.
Ultra high gain step up DC/DC converter based on switched inductor and improved voltage lift technique for high‐voltage applications
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Zaid Mohammad , Siddique Marif Daula , Iqbal Atif 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVoltage lift is a well‐known technique to improve the voltage gain of the converter. A combination of switched inductor and the conventional voltage lift technique can be used to achieve high gain, but the semiconductor's stress is still high. An improved voltage lift technique by employing an extra diode and capacitor and a switched inductor is proposed, which significantly increases the voltage boosting factor and reduces the voltage stress of semiconductor devices. The proposed converter is transformerless and non‐isolated in nature. The proposed topology has a continuous input source current and has a common connection between the source and the load. The converter is controlled by a single switch, making it simple to use. The steady‐state relations are drawn out in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The effect of the unequal inductance on the voltage gain is carried out in detail. The improved voltage lift technique can develop the n‐stage converter to improve voltage gain further and reduce stress on semiconductors. The proposed topology is compared with the recent converters, and the effect of the non‐idealities on the voltage gain and losses occurring in the components is discussed in detail. A hardware prototype with a rating of 20V/300V, 250 W is built to test the suggested topology's performance and theoretical analysis. At a 20‐V input, the highest efficiency was measured to be 95.8%.
Prevalence of Oral Normal Variance in Healthy Elderly Patients: A Descriptive Study on Oral Pseudo-Lesions
Authors: Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Suryanijaya Vint Erawati , Inastu Candrika Ramya , Radithia Desiana , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Pratiwi Aulya Setyo , Marsetyo Riyan Iman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction The aging process in the elderly can change the condition of the oral cavity, regarding both clinical appearance and function. The oral mucosa becomes more susceptible to mechanical damage and irritant agents. Any changes in the oral mucosa, including normal variance, should be examined. This is especially true for the elderly, to improve oral health and prevent any abnormalities.
Objective To describe the prevalence of oral normal variance in healthy elderly patients.
Methods An observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design with total sampling conducted from March to April 2020.
Results Among the 117 elderly patients who participated in this study, 58 were described as healthy without any comorbidities. From those subjects, there were 117 cases of normal variance in the oral mucosa. The three most prevalent issues were fissured tongue (93.1%), coated tongue (58.62%), and crenated tongue (27.59%).
Conclusion Fissured tongue is a normal variance of the oral mucosa that is commonly found in healthy elderly patients.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Quantitative Review of Current Treatments
Authors: Santos Fernando Furtado , Takahashi André Akira Ramos , Ponce André , Franceschini Paulo Roberto , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disease that causes intense pain mainly in the upper and lower limbs of the patients, impairing the quality of life of those affected by the syndrome. Its pathophysiology has not yet been fully discovered and described. Also, treatments need to advance in the search for pain relief in those affected by the disease. The present article aims to describe the pathophysiology of CRPS and, mainly, to quantitatively analyze the efficiency of new treatments against pain caused by the disease.Methods Several articles on clinical trials described in a table were included in the present study, and a systematic review of the effectiveness of current treatments was performed.Results A total of 29 articles from clinical trials were selected using the preselection criteria. Surgical treatments against CRPS had a 56.9% efficiency in reducing painful sensation, and conservative treatments against CRPS had a 40.82% efficiency in reducing pain sensation.Conclusion Complex regional pain syndrome is a disease that causes pain in patients and worsens the quality of life of those affected by it. The treatments are diverse, and their efficiencies vary from bad to excellent.
Avaliação do desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia na prática clínica
Authors: Silva Bruno Air Machado da , Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Pereira Edna Regina Silva 
Published: April 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de residentes de ortopedia na realização de exames clínicos.
Métodos O Mini-CEX foi aplicado por três docentes em quatro momentos distintos. O instrumento foi adaptado pelos autores para uso em ortopedia, com desenvolvimento de descritores para cada habilidade avaliada. Os supervisores foram treinados pelo pesquisador principal para utilização do Mini-CEX por meio de materiais didáticos e discussões e os descritores do instrumento foram padronizados.
Resultados As pontuações médias obtidas nas quatro avaliações de cada um dos 21 residentes revelaram melhora no desempenho de todas as habilidades entre o primeiro e o quarto encontro.
Conclusões O desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia apresentou evolução satisfatória, com melhora progressiva de todas as habilidades.
Establishment of a Percutaneous Nephrostomy Service to Treat Obstructive Uropathy Secondary to Cervical Cancer in Tanzania
Authors: Rukundo Ivan , Mbuguje Erick M. , Naif Azza , Patel Manish , Laage-Gaupp Fabian , Asch Murray , Ramalingam Vijay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. Age-standardized cervical cancer mortality is higher in East Africa than anywhere else in the world. Prior to October 2018, patients presenting with obstructive uropathy secondary to late-stage cervical cancer in Tanzania who were no longer eligible for palliative chemoradiation therapy were discharged home without intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the establishment of a percutaneous nephrostomy service in a quaternary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a resource-limited country, benefits patients who have late-stage cancer induced obstructive uropathy.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients who presented with obstructive uropathy secondary to late-stage cervical cancer and have undergone percutaneous nephrostomy at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute from October 2018 to May 2021. Twenty-one interventional radiology (IR) teaching teams consisting of IR attendings, IR technologists, and nurses travelled to Tanzania from North America on monthly 2-week trips during that period. A review of preprocedural, procedural, and follow-up data was performed using Research Electronic Data Capture. Statistical analysis and comparison were performed on patients' creatinine levels preprocedure, 7 days and 30 days postprocedure.
Results Sixty-two patients qualified to be included in this study. In addition to the initial 62 nephrostomy placements, 14 follow-up procedures were performed either under visiting faculty supervision or independently by the Tanzanian IR fellows. Technical success rate was 98.7%. Complications (SIR Class A and B) occurred in eight cases. The average preprocedure creatinine (1051.48 ± 704.08µmol/L) decreased by 59% 7 days postprocedure and by 77% 30 days postintervention. Postprocedural clinical information was obtained for 28 (45.2%) patients and 18 were able to restart chemotherapy following nephrostomy.
Conclusion Prior to 2018, percutaneous nephrostomy placement was not available in Tanzania. This study presented the initial safety, technical feasibility, and clinical benefit of establishing a percutaneous nephrostomy service in such a resource-limited setting.
Addressing water scarcity in developing country contexts: a socio-cultural approach
Authors: Emile Renu , Clammer John R. , Jayaswal Palak , Sharma Paribhasha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent conceptualizations of and approaches to scarcity tend to be economic-focused and institution driven with understated and underemphasized sociocultural dimensions. We address this lack in a socio-cultural orientation to natural resource scarcity and draw upon Vygotsky’s theorizations to do so. We rely on the existing literature and secondary sources of information to overview issues relating to water scarcity and the survival related challenges especially in developing country contexts with a specific focus on India. Although Vygotsky theorizes individual learning and development in terms of influences from more knowledgeable individuals to the less knowledgeable, he does not engage so much with how individual learning and development is tied to community interests and community development. We extend Vygotsky by incorporating a responsibilization dimension in theorizations of individual development. Neither does Vygotsky consider how a range of communication modes including traditional or non-traditional media and technology can play an enabling role in reinforcing processes of influence. We include these to further extend Vygotsky. We consider the role of elite individuals such as community leaders and others well-recognized for their socio-cultural status or specialized skills in disseminating knowledge in Vygotsky’s zones of proximal development. We emphasize the circulation of knowledge via sociocultural interactions as pertinent to raising consciousness of natural resource scarcity. We finally discuss initiatives to manage water scarcity at consumer, community and industry-consumer partnership levels. The paper broadens current understandings of scarcity and extends Vygotsky’s sociocultural theorizations in the focus on communities, the responsibilization of consumers as well as in the usage of communication modes, and suggests independent and supported consumer-driven and consumer-centered initiatives as complementary to the existing in seeking solutions to water-scarcity in developing country contexts.
Pandemic in the digital age: analyzing WhatsApp communication behavior before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Seufert Anika , Poignée Fabian , Hoßfeld Tobias , Seufert Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe strict restrictions introduced by the COVID-19 lockdowns, which started from March 2020, changed people’s daily lives and habits on many different levels. In this work, we investigate the impact of the lockdown on the communication behavior in the mobile instant messaging application WhatsApp. Our evaluations are based on a large dataset of 2577 private chat histories with 25,378,093 messages from 51,973 users. The analysis of the one-to-one and group conversations confirms that the lockdown severely altered the communication in WhatsApp chats compared to pre-pandemic time ranges. In particular, we observe short-term effects, which caused an increased message frequency in the first lockdown months and a shifted communication activity during the day in March and April 2020. Moreover, we also see long-term effects of the ongoing pandemic situation until February 2021, which indicate a change of communication behavior towards more regular messaging, as well as a persisting change in activity during the day. The results of our work show that even anonymized chat histories can tell us a lot about people’s behavior and especially behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are of great relevance for behavioral researchers. Furthermore, looking at the pandemic from an Internet provider perspective, these insights can be used during the next pandemic, or if the current COVID-19 situation worsens, to adapt communication networks to the changed usage behavior early on and thus avoid network congestion.
Freeze-thaw cycles enable a prebiotically plausible and continuous pathway from nucleotide activation to nonenzymatic RNA copying
Authors: Zhang Stephanie J. , Duzdevich Daniel , Ding Dian , Szostak Jack W. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The replication of RNA without the aid of evolved enzymes may have enabled the inheritance of useful molecular functions during the origin of life. Template-directed RNA copying is a posited step in RNA replication. Key steps on the path to copying of RNA templates have been studied in isolation, including chemical nucleotide activation, generation of a key reactive intermediate, and template-directed polymerization. Here we report a prebiotically plausible scenario under which these reactions can happen together under mutually compatible conditions. Thus, this pathway could potentially have operated in nature without the complicating requirement for exchange of materials between distinct environments.
The narrowing of literature use and the restricted mobility of papers in the sciences
Authors: Varga Attila 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceA narrower range of literature is being read as citations are concentrating more on top papers. This is a long-standing trend, present since 1970. Citation concentration may lead to a less flexible scholarly communication system, whereby novel findings have a harder time resurfacing. In line with this argument, the popularity of a paper is more predictable today based on its previous citation impact. I present a mechanism of cumulative advantage that links increased concentration to the restricted mobility of papers. Citations are more dispersed from the 1990s, in the sense that papers are more likely to be cited at least a few times. Information technologies to disseminate papers are likely behind this latter trend.
Ancient DNA gives new insights into a Norman Neolithic monumental cemetery dedicated to male elites
Authors: Rivollat Maïté , Thomas Aline , Ghesquière Emmanuel , Rohrlach Adam Benjamin , Späth Ellen , Pemonge Marie-Hélène , Haak Wolfgang , Chambon Philippe , Deguilloux Marie-France 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceBy integrating genomic and archaeological data, we provide new insights into the Neolithic French monumental site of Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy, where a group of selected individuals was buried in impressively long monuments. The earliest individuals buried at Fleury-sur-Orne match the expected western European Neolithic genetic diversity, while three individuals, designated as genetic outliers, were buried after 4,000 calibrated BCE. We hypothesize that different, unrelated families or clans used the site over several centuries. Thirteen of 14 of the analyzed individuals were male, indicating an overarching patrilineal system. However, one exception, a female buried with a symbolically male artifact, suggests that the embodiment of the male gender in death was required to access burial at the monumental structures.
Electronic, optical and magnetic characteristics of V doped BeS
Authors: Ambreen Hina , Aldaghfag Shatha A , Yaseen Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Zahid Muhammad , Dahshan A , Hegazy H H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electronic, magnetic and optical features of V doped BeS compound are obtained with FP-LAW technique. A comparative investigation is performed among electronic band structure (BS), total and partial density of states (PDOS) is presented with 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25% concentration of V. The results of electronic BS and density of states (DOS) show half metallic ferromagnetic (HMF) behavior with direct band gap (Eg). The calculated Eg are 2.8, 2.9, 3.3 and 3.7 for Be0.9375V0.0625S, Be00875V0.125S, Be0.8125V0.1875S and Be0.75V0.25S, respectively. For the optical feedback of TM doped BeS material, the imaginary and real part of dielectric function

ε

ω

has been studied with the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, optical conductivity, and refractive index up to 15 eV. It is noted that with the increment of Eg, the static dielectric constant increases. Furthermore, the magnetic characteristics of resultant compound are examined. The HMF nature of TM doped BeS in electronic and magnetic properties may makes resultant compounds a potential candidate for optical and spintronic appliances.
Scattering amplitude and two-body loss of ultracold alkaline-earth atoms in a shaking synthetic magnetic field
Authors: Yang Shu , Chen Yue , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The idea of manipulating the interaction between ultracold fermionic alkaline-earth (like) atoms via a laser-induced periodical synthetic magnetic field was proposed in Kanász-Nagy et al (2018 Phys. Rev. B 97, 155156). In that work, it was shown that in the presence of the shaking synthetic magnetic field, two atoms in 1S0 and 3P0 states experience a periodical interaction in a rotated frame, and the effective inter-atomic interaction was approximated as the time-averaged operator of this time-dependent interaction. This technique is supposed to be efficient for 173Yb atoms which have a large natural scattering length. Here we examine this time-averaging approximation and derive the rate of the two-body loss induced by the shaking of the synthetic magnetic field, by calculating the zero-energy inter-atomic scattering amplitude corresponding to the explicit periodical interaction. We find that for the typical cases with shaking angular frequency λ of the synthetic magnetic field being of the order of (2π) kHz, the time-averaging approximation is applicable only when the shaking amplitude is small enough. Moreover, the two-body loss rate increases with the shaking amplitude, and is of the order of 10−10 cm3 · s−1 or even larger when the time-averaging approximation is not applicable. Our results are helpful for the quantum simulations with ultracold gases of fermionic alkaline-earth (like) atoms.
Constraints on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter in CDEX-10 *
Authors: Lei Zhan-Hong , Tang Jian , Zhang Bing-Long 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments have been setting strong limits on the DM–nucleon scattering cross section at the DM mass above a few GeV, but leave large parameter spaces unexplored in the low mass region. DM is likely to be scattered and boosted by relativistic cosmic rays in the expanding universe if it can generate nuclear recoils in direct detection experiments to offer observable signals. Since low energy threshold detectors using Germanium have provided good constraints on ordinary halo GeV-scale DM, it is necessary to re-analyze 102.8 kg

day data in the CDEX-10 experiment assuming that DM is boosted by cosmic rays. For the DM mass range 1 keV

1 MeV and the effective distance within 1 kpc, we reach an almost flat floor limit at

cm2 for the spin-independent DM–nucleon scattering cross section, at a 90% confidence level. The CDEX-10 result is able to close the gap unambiguously in the parameter space between the MiniBooNE and XENON1T constraints, which were partially hindered by the Earth attenuation effect. We also quantitatively calculate the expected neutrino floor on searching for CRBDM in future direct detection experiments using Germanium.