bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of accelerated aqueous ethanol extraction to obtain a polyphenol-rich crude extract from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel as natural antioxidant
Authors: Klongdee Supakchon , Klinkesorn Utai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn accelerated solvent extraction method was used to recover polyphenol-rich crude extract from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel, a waste product from the canning industry. The influence of extraction parameters including temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration on extraction yield, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, and ABTS antioxidant activity was investigated. A Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction process. Optimal conditions were obtained at temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration of 60 °C, 34 min, and 54 vol%, respectively. These optimum conditions gave 333.01 ± 5.84 mg gallic acid/g, 318.28 ± 5.56 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside/g, and 3.05 ± 0.04 mmol Trolox/mg for total phenolic content, total anthocyanins content, and ABTS activity, respectively with extraction yield of 28.68 ± 1.48 wt%. Important active compounds found in the extract were geraniin, ellagic acid, shikimic acid and corilagin. Crude extract concentrations of 50–500 mg/kg retarded linoleic acid oxidation but efficacy was lower than synthetic antioxidants at 200 mg/kg. The current findings indicated that accelerated aqueous ethanol extraction was an effective method for the recovery of a crude extract rich in polyphenols from rambutan peel with the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant.
Optimal spatial allocation of enzymes as an investment problem
Authors: Giunta Giovanni , Tostevin Filipe , Tănase-Nicola Sorin , Gerland Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCells face various allocation problems demanding decisions on how to distribute their finite resources. They decide which enzymes to produce at what quantity, but also where to position them. Here we focus on the spatial allocation problem of arranging enzymes such as to maximize the total reaction flux produced by them in a system with given geometry and boundary conditions. We derive an optimal allocation principle demanding that the available enzymes are distributed such that the marginal flux returns at each occupied position are equal. This ‘homogeneous marginal returns’ (HMR) criterion corresponds to a portfolio optimization of investments that globally feed back onto all payoffs. The HMR criterion allows us to analytically understand and characterize a localization-delocalization transition in the optimal enzyme distribution. Our analysis reveals the generality of the transition, and produces a practical test for the optimality of enzyme clustering by comparing the reaction flux to the influx of substrate. Based on these results, we devise an additive construction scheme, which builds up optimal enzyme arrangements systematically rather than by trial and error. Taken together, we identify a common principle in allocation problems from biology and economics, which also serves as a design principle for synthetic biomolecular systems.
Endoskopisches Komplikationsmanagment nach bariatrischen Operationen mit dem Fokus auf die aktuellen endoskopischen Therapien
Authors: Belle Sebastian , Kouladouros Konstantinos , Kähler Georg 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungKomplikationen nach bariatrischer Chirurgie sind selten. Die meisten Komplikationen lassen sich endoskopisch oder mithilfe der Endoskopie therapieren. Das Seltene stellt jedoch im
klinischen Alltag eine Herausforderung dar. Damit die Komplikationen bestmöglich versorgt werden und der Schaden für den einzelnen Patienten möglichst gering ist, bedarf es eines
Komplikationsmanagements. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über wesentliche Komplikationen und gängige endoskopische Therapieoptionen, mit dem Fokus auf aktuelle publizierte
Therapiestrategien der letzten 5 Jahre. Der Artikel soll als Basis dienen für die Etablierung eines eigenen Komplikationsmanagements in den jeweiligen Kliniken.
A Novel Use of Bar Code Medication Administration Data to Assess Nurse Staffing and Workload
Authors: Knox Melissa K. , Mehta Paras D. , Dorsey Lynette E. , Yang Christine , Petersen Laura A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to introduce an innovative use of bar code medication administration (BCMA) data, medication pass analysis, that allows for the examination of nurse staffing and workload using data generated during regular nursing workflow.
Methods Using 1 year (October 1, 2014–September 30, 2015) of BCMA data for 11 acute care units in one Veterans Affairs Medical Center, we determined the peak time for scheduled medications and included medications scheduled for and administered within 2 hours of that time in analyses. We established for each staff member their daily peak-time medication pass characteristics (number of patients, number of peak-time scheduled medications, duration, start time), generated unit-level descriptive statistics, examined staffing trends, and estimated linear mixed-effects models of duration and start time.
Results As the most frequent (39.7%) scheduled medication time, 9:00 was the peak-time medication pass; 98.3% of patients (87.3% of patient-days) had a 9:00 medication. Use of nursing roles and number of patients per staff varied across units and over time. Number of patients, number of medications, and unit-level factors explained significant variability in registered nurse (RN) medication pass duration (conditional R2
= 0.237; marginal R2
= 0.199; intraclass correlation = 0.05). On average, an RN and a licensed practical nurse (LPN) with four patients, each with six medications, would be expected to take 70 and 74 minutes, respectively, to complete the medication pass. On a unit with median 10 patients per LPN, the median duration (127 minutes) represents untimely medication administration on more than half of staff days. With each additional patient assigned to a nurse, average start time was earlier by 4.2 minutes for RNs and 1.4 minutes for LPNs.
Conclusion Medication pass analysis of BCMA data can provide health systems a means for assessing variations in staffing, workload, and nursing practice using data generated during routine patient care activities.
Direct numerical simulation of compressible turbulence accelerated by graphics processing unit: An open-access database of high-resolution direct numerical simulation
Authors: Dang Guanlin , Liu Shiwei , Guo Tongbiao , Duan Junyi , Li Xinliang 
Published: December 2022

In the author’s previous work, we introduced an open-source accelerated computational fluid dynamics code for scientific computations using a graphics processing unit system (OpenCFD-SCU). This code offers significantly improved computation speed and can be applied to challenging direct numerical simulation (DNS) problems. This paper presents several high-resolution cases using OpenCFD-SCU: (1) a 24° compression ramp at Mach 2.9, where the length of the ramp is 200 mm and the mesh number is 7.68 × 109; (2) a 34° compression ramp at Mach 6 with a mesh number of 9.3 × 109; (3) a cold-wall flat plate at Mach 10 with a friction Reynolds number of 1550 and mesh number of 4.5 × 109; (4) a blunt cone with a 1 mm head radius and 0° attack angle at Mach 10, where the mesh number is 24 × 109; and (5) a lifting-body model at Mach 6 with a mesh number of 11.1 × 109. Compared with DNS studies of compressible wall-bound turbulent flow under similar conditions, these cases have larger computational domains, finer resolutions, or higher Reynolds numbers, demonstrating the simulation capability of OpenCFD-SCU and broadening the scope of DNS applications. We have conducted preliminary analyses of these cases and have established an open-access database to store these data. The source code of OpenCFD-SCU can be accessed at http://developer.hpccube.com/codes/danggl/opencfd-scu.git; this website also contains detailed database descriptions and data acquisition methods.
Prior brain endurance training improves endurance exercise performance
Authors: Dallaway Neil , Lucas Sam , Marks Joseph , Ring Christopher 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTMental fatigue (MF) impairs endurance exercise performance. Brain endurance training (BET) describes the systematic repetition of mentally‐fatiguing cognitive tasks designed to build resilience to MF and improve endurance performance. Evidence to date shows that mental training during physical training can benefit post‐training exercise performance, however, this concurrent BET approach may not be practical for all settings. Therefore, the current study evaluated the effects of mental training before physical training (prior BET) on exercise performance. A randomised control trial design: pre‐test, training (BET, control), post‐test. During the pre‐test and post‐test sessions, participants performed a 5‐min rhythmic handgrip task requiring the generation of as much force as possible, a 20‐min 2‐back working memory task, and another 5‐min rhythmic handgrip task. Participants were randomly assigned to a BET (n = 12) or control group (n = 12). Both groups completed the same submaximal rhythmic handgrip training for five weeks (four sessions per week). The BET group also completed 20‐min cognitive training (2‐back working memory task, incongruent colour‐word Stroop task) before each submaximal exercise training session. Endurance performance improved more (p < 0.05) following BET (24%) than physical training alone (12%). Compared to the control group, the BET group showed higher prefrontal oxygenation during the post‐test exercise tasks (p < 0.05). Both groups were characterised by the same exertion, motivation, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Mental training before physical training improves endurance performance greater than physical training alone. The benefits of prior BET may be explained, at least in part, by improved prefrontal oxygenation.
Superscattering of underwater sound via deep learning approach
Authors: Miao Wenjie , Linghu Zhiang , Du Qiujiao , Peng Pai , Liu Fengming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We design a multilayer cylindrical structure to realize superscattering of underwater sound. Because of the near degeneracy of resonances in multiple channels of the structure, the scattering contributions from these resonances can overlap to break the single-channel limit of subwavelength objects. However, tuning the design parameters to achieve the target response is an optimization process which is tedious and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate that a well-trained tandem neural network can deal with this problem efficiently, which can not only forwardly predict the scattering spectra of the multilayer structure with high precision, but also inversely design the required structural parameters efficiently.
Evaluation of data-driven respiratory gating for subcentimeter lesions using digital PET/CT system and three-axis motion phantom
Authors: Fukai Shohei , Daisaki Hiromitsu , Shimada Naoki , Ishiyama Mitsutomi , Umeda Takuro , Yamashita Kosuke , Miyaji Noriaki , Takiguchi Tomohiro , Kawakami Hideyuki , Terauchi Takashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction. The application of data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) for subcentimeter lesions with respiratory movement remains poorly understood. Hence, this study aimed to clarify DDG application for subcentimeter lesions and the ability of digital Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) system combined with DDG to detect these lesions under three-axis respiration. Methods. Discovery MI PET/CT system and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom with Micro Hollow Sphere (4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 13 mm) were used. The NEMA phantom was filled with 18F-FDG solutions of 42.4 and 5.3 kBq/ml for each hot sphere and background region. The 3.6 s cycles of three-axis respiratory motion were reproduced using the motion platform UniTraQ. The PET data acquisition was performed in stationary and respiratory-moving states. The data were reconstructed in three PET groups: stationary (NM-PET), no gating with respiratory movement (NG-PET), and DDG gating with respiratory movement (DDG-PET) groups. For image quality, percent contrast (QH); maximum, peak, and mean standardized uptake value (SUV); background region; and detectability index (DI) were evaluated in each PET group. Visual assessment was also conducted. Results. The groups with respiratory movement had deteriorated QH and SUVs compared with NM-PET. Compared with NG-PET, DDG-PET has significantly improved QH and SUVs in spheres above 6 mm. The background region showed no significant difference between groups. The SUVmax, SUVpeak, and QH values of 8 mm sphere were highest in NM-PET, followed by DDG-PET and NG-PET. In visual assessment, the spheres above 6 mm were detected in all PET groups. DDG application did not detect new lesions, but it increased DI and visual score. Conclusions. The application of principal component analysis (PCA)-based DDG algorithm improves both image quality and quantitative SUVs in subcentimeter lesions measuring above 6 mm. Although DDG application cannot detect new subcentimeter lesions, it increases the visual indices.
High-dimensional SO(4)-symmetric Rydberg manifolds for quantum simulation
Authors: Kruckenhauser Andreas , van Bijnen Rick , Zache Torsten V , Di Liberto Marco , Zoller Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We develop a toolbox for manipulating arrays of Rydberg atoms prepared in high-dimensional hydrogen-like manifolds in the regime of linear Stark and Zeeman effect. We exploit the SO(4) symmetry to characterize the action of static electric and magnetic fields as well as microwave and optical fields on the well-structured manifolds of states with principal quantum number n. This enables us to construct generalized large-spin Heisenberg models for which we develop state-preparation and readout schemes. Due to the available large internal Hilbert space, these models provide a natural framework for the quantum simulation of quantum field theories, which we illustrate for the case of the sine-Gordon and massive Schwinger models. Moreover, these high-dimensional manifolds also offer the opportunity to perform quantum information processing operations for qudit-based quantum computing, which we exemplify with an entangling gate and a state-transfer protocol for the states in the neighborhood of the circular Rydberg level.
The effect of post-metal annealing on DC and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Cankaya Akoglu Busra , Yilmaz Dogan , Salkim Gurur , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of gate post-metal annealing (PMA) on the DC and RF characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were investigated. The unannealed and post gate-metal annealed AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were fully fabricated using NANOTAM’s 0.5 μm gate length technology. PMA was performed at 450 °C for 10 min in nitrogen ambient for one of the wafers. The main focus was the effect of PMA on the electrical performance of HEMTs, including gate resistivity, transconductance, small-signal gain, output power (Pout), and threshold voltage (Vth) shift. It is achieved that HEMT with PMA has a gain of 18.5 dB, while HEMT without PMA shows a small-signal gain of 21.8 dB, as the PMA process increases the gate resistance (Rg) and decreases the transconductance (gm). The large-signal performance of the sample with PMA is better than the one without PMA, having an increase of 1.4 W/mm in Po
ut from 20.9 W to 24.4 W. The transistor with PMA also demonstrates a reliable gate performance and stable Vth, and the wafer exhibits better uniformity.
Fungi as parasites of plants
Authors: Money Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Parasitic fungi that grow on plants have reshaped the biosphere and caused the deaths of millions of people since the beginning of agriculture. Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight are examples of fungal pandemics that resulted in widespread ecological changes in the 20th century. Crop failures caused by fungi have caused starvation, economic collapse, social conflict, warfare, and mass emigration. As the human population swells, scientists are engaged in a global effort to understand and combat fungal diseases of cereals and other vital crops. ‘Fungi as parasites of plants’ considers different types of parasitic fungi, including rusts and smuts, and their control with fungicides.
Application of the Plan-Do-Study-Act method to optimize the ordering and administration of dexmedetomidine for sleep hygiene in the intensive care unit
Authors: Jamil Rita , Goins Taylor , Partlow Karen , Barger Kendall , Mihalek Andrew D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology utilized by a multidisciplinary team to address the discordance between ordering and administration of dexmedetomidine for sleep hygiene in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Summary
The addition of sleep hygiene as an indication for the use of dexmedetomidine at University of Virginia (UVA) Health led to discordance between the medication orders in the electronic medical record and the subsequent administration of dexmedetomidine. A multidisciplinary team implemented interventions that included modifying the order panel, streamlining the institutional formulary, developing institutional practice guidelines, and providing education to healthcare team members. After completion of the first PDSA cycle, the mean number of discordant order elements decreased to 1.96 out of 5 possible order elements from an initial 2.5 out of 5 elements before the interventions, meeting the aim to reduce the mean to less than 2. There was a significant decrease in the discordance in the duration of infusion (discordant for 14 of 30 orders before the interventions vs 1 of 28 orders after the interventions, P = 0.0002) but a significant increase in the discordance in the titration dose (discordant for 13 of 30 orders before the interventions vs 24 of 28 orders after the interventions, P &lt; 0.0001). Other discordant order elements including the starting dose, maximum rate, and titration interval time decreased in frequency after the interventions, although the differences were not statistically significant. The interventions made during the first PDSA cycle are anticipated to lead to an estimated cost savings of up to $180,000 per year within the UVA Health system.

Conclusion
The multidisciplinary team utilizing a PDSA method to modify the order panel, streamline the institutional formulary, develop institutional practice guidelines, and provide education to healthcare team members was effective at reducing overall discordance between order intent and administration of dexmedetomidine for sleep hygiene in the ICU.
Giant coronary artery aneurysm of the left main treated with a covered stent: a case report
Authors: Holvoet Wouter , van den Buijs Deborah , Bogaerts Eline , Willems Endry , Ameloot Koen , Dens Jo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) of the left main represent a small subset of coronary artery disease and are associated with cardiovascular death. Because of its rare entity, large data are lacking and therefore treatment guidelines are missing.

Case summary
We describe a case of a 56-year-old female with a past medical history of spontaneous dissection of the distal descending left artery (LAD) 6 years before. She presented to our hospital with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and a coronary angiogram showed a giant saccular aneurysm of the shaft of the left main coronary artery (LMCA). Given the risk of rupture and distal embolization, the heart team decided to go for a percutaneous approach. Based on a pre-interventional 3D reconstructed CT scan and guided by intravascular ultrasound, the aneurysm was successfully excluded with a 5 mm papyrus-covered stent. At 3-month and 1-year follow-up, the patient is still asymptomatic and repeat angiographies showed full exclusion of the aneurysm and the absence of restenosis in the covered stent.

Discussion
We describe the successful percutaneous IVUS-guided treatment of a giant LMCA shaft coronary aneurysm with a papyrus-covered stent with an excellent 1-year angiographic follow-up showing no residual filling of the aneurysm and no stent restenosis.
International Law and the Regulation of Autonomous Military Capabilities
Authors: George Jain Abhimanyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a dissonance between principled consensus and operational dissensus in the emerging regulatory framework for autonomous military capabilities (AMCs). This framework is based on the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) and the maintenance of human control and responsibility, but it remains unclear whether and how IHL might apply to AMCs and how human control and responsibility can be maintained. The emergence of a regulatory framework in the face of this dissonance raises questions about how alternative regulatory possibilities have been excluded and how the possibility of regulation has been assumed. This article explores the mechanics of this exclusion and assumption. It sheds light on the conditions of possibilities and trajectories of development of the regulatory regime for AMCs, and also provides insights into international regulatory frameworks more broadly, especially in relation to new technologies. Using the example of the everywhere-forever war on terror, this article points to the role of a failure of politics and a consequently amorphous and expanding ideal of security in excluding the possibility of prohibition or restrictive regulation of the military promise of AMCs. The article then turns to four discursive strategies that sustain the assumption that AMCs are amenable to regulation. Through conflation, different types of AMCs are subsumed within an imaginary that is more easily accommodated within the regulatory consensus. Deferral creates a façade of consensus while shifting contentious issues to the national sphere. Normalization operates to de-emphasize the novelty of AMCs, while valorization pulls in the opposite direction by exaggerating the virtues of AMCs.
Rethinking Veridicality: Motor Response, Empirical Evidence, and Dance Appreciation
Authors: Heckman Ian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent debates in the philosophy of dance have focused on the relationship between motor response and dance appreciation. Some philosophers argue that motor responses to dances are an important part of dance appreciation. Proponents of such a claim are often backed with support from cognitive science. But it has not remained uncontroversial. Despite its controversy, the concept of motor response remains under-analyzed. As a result, assumptions about the idea and purpose of motor response get borrowed from cognitive science. I argue that one such assumption, that motor response is supposed to be veridical, runs us into several problems. It runs us into something of a paradox, where it is claimed that motor responses happen as part of our general perception of movement. However, few people experience such responses. Furthermore, it seems that the motor responses that are appropriate for a dance might not be the ones the dancer is feeling. As a result, we should prefer an account of motor response that emphasizes its flexibility and its ability to change and adapt to the movement we see.