bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in postgraduate dental training in the United States
Authors: Bates Timothy , Jura Matthew , Werts Miranda , Kottek Aubri , Munson Bradley , Vujicic Marko , Mertz Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the individual, educational, and policy factors that predict dentists pursuing postgraduate dental (PGD) training.MethodsIndividual dentist records from the 2017 American Dental Association Masterfile were linked with pre‐doctoral training attributes and state‐level dental policy factors. Generalized logistic models, adjusted for individual, educational, and policy factors, were used to predict: (1) attending any PGD program, and (2) primary (i.e., advanced general practice, pediatrics, or dental public health, per the Health Resources and Services Administration [HRSA]) versus specialty care.ResultsThe majority of new PGD residency slots (77%) were in primary care. Women held 56% of primary care slots; men held 62% of specialty slots. Individual characteristics that predicted PGD primary care training included being Black, Hispanic, Asian, or other race; being male or older age reduced the odds. Pre‐doctoral school characteristics that predicted PGD primary care training included having a pre‐doctoral HRSA grant, affiliation with an academic medical center, and being a historically Black college/university; being a private school or in a small metro area lowered the odds. At the policy level, the strongest predictors of attending PGD primary care training are a residency requirement in the state you currently practice in and federal graduate medical education (GME) investment per residency slot.ConclusionPursuing PGD training is variable based on the race/ethnicity/gender of the dentist. Federal investments in pre‐doctoral dental education and GME can drive equity, as they significantly increase the odds that dentists will go on to PGD training, as do state licensure requirements.
Evaluation of dose accumulation methods and workflows utilising cone beam computed tomography images
Authors: Brink Amelia , Stewart Kate , Hargrave Catriona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionVarious adaptive radiation therapy (ART) methods have emerged, with little consensus amongst the literature as to which is most appropriate. This study aimed to compare dose mapping (DM) versus Monte Carlo recalculation (MCR), using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images when utilised in automated ART dose accumulation workflows in the MIM Maestro software package.MethodsThe treatment plans for 38 cancer patients (19 prostate and 19 head and neck cases) were used to perform DM or MCR retrospectively upon CBCTs acquired during treatment, which were then deformably registered to the planning CT (DR‐pCT) to facilitate dose accumulation. Dose–volume and region‐of‐interest data were extracted for the planning target volumes and organs at risk. Intraclass correlation (ICC) values and Bland–Altman plots were utilised to compare DM versus MCR doses on the CBCT images as well as CBCT versus DR‐pCT doses.ResultsWhen comparing DM and MCR on CBCTs, the differences across dose level mean dose differences were mostly within a ±5% level of agreement based on the Bland–Altman plots, with over 67% of ICC values over 0.9 and indicative of good correlation. When these distributions were deformed back to the planning CT, the agreement was reduced considerably, with larger differences (exceeding ±5%) resulting from workflow‐related issues.ConclusionThe results emphasise the need to consider and make adaptations to minimise the effect of workflows on algorithm performance. Manual user intervention, refined departmental protocols and further developments to the MIM Maestro software will enhance the use of this tool.
Whole‐transcriptome sequencing data reveals a disparate cognitive and immune signature in COVID‐19 patients with and without dementia
Authors: Yang Jue , Song Hui , Hao Xiaojiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused more than 6.3 million deaths worldwide. Recent evidence has indicated that elderly people with dementia are particularly vulnerable to COVID‐19 and severe disease outcomes. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we retrieved frontal cortex samples of COVID‐19 patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and performed a systematic transcriptomic analysis to compare COVID‐19 patients and controls with or without dementia. In nondemented patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection obviously activated T helper type 2 (Th2) cell‐mediated humoral immunity and reduced the pathogenesis of dementia‐related Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In demented patients, conversely, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection significantly increased T helper type 1 (Th1) cell‐mediated cellular immunity and exacerbated the progression of dementia‐related diseases. We further analyzed the molecular characteristics of COVID‐19 patients with and without dementia. Compared with nondemented COVID‐19 patients, demented COVID‐19 patients showed decreased enrichment scores of Calcium signaling pathway, Neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, ABC transporters, and Peroxisome, and increased enrichment scores of Olfactory transduction and Regulation of autophagy. The ratio of Th1/Th2 cells was significantly increased from 1.17 in nondemented COVID‐19 patients to 33.32 in demented COVID‐19 patients. Taken together, our findings provide transcriptomic evidence that COVID‐19 has distinct influences on cognitive function and immune response in patients with and without dementia.
Differentiation of Transylvanian fruit distillates using supervised statistical tools based on isotopic and elemental fingerprint
Authors: Dehelean Adriana , Cristea Gabriela , Feher Ioana , Hategan Ariana Raluca , Magdas Dana Alina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe spirit drinks industry is one of the largest in the world. Fruit distillates require adequate analysis methods combined with statistical tools to build differentiation models, according to distinct criteria (geographical and botanical origin, producer's fingerprint, respectively). Over time a database of alcoholic beverage fingerprints can be generated, being very important for product safety and authenticity control.RESULTSTo control the distillates’ geographical origin, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that the cross‐validation classification was correct for 88.2% of samples, but partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was slightly better suited for this purpose, with a correct classification rate of 91.2%. LDA effectiveness was proven for the trademark fingerprint differentiation, which was achieved at 93.5%, compared to 89.1% for PLS‐DA. The principal predictors obtained by LDA were the same both for geographical origin and producer differentiation: B, δ13C, Na, Cu, Ca and Be; highlighting the fact that in the production process of distillates each producer used fruits coming from the respective specific region. Through PLS‐DA, some of the discrimination markers were the same for geographical origin and producer's identification, but others were completely specific: the rare earth elements Eu and Er only for geographical origin differentiation, and Cu solely as predictor for producer's identification. Regarding distillates’ fruit variety, the correct discrimination rates of plum spirits from the rest were 84.2% for PLS‐DA and 63% for LDA.CONCLUSIONLDA and PLS‐DA were suitable for differentiation models development of fruits spirits according to geographical region, producer and fruit variety based on isotopic and elemental fingerprint. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thermal performance of planktonic ciliates differs between marine and freshwaters: A case study providing guidance for climate change studies
Authors: Lukić Dunja , Limberger Romana , Agatha Sabine , Montagnes David J. S. , Weisse Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPredicting the performance of aquatic organisms in a future warmer climate depends critically on understanding how current temperature regimes affect the organisms' growth rates. Using a meta‐analysis for the published experimental data, we calculated the activation energy (Ea) to parameterize the thermal sensitivity of marine and freshwater ciliates, major players in marine and freshwater food webs. We hypothesized that their growth rates increase with temperature but that ciliates dwelling in the immense, thermally stable ocean are closely adapted to their ambient temperature and have lower Ea than ciliates living in smaller, thermally more variable freshwater environments. The Ea was in the range known from other taxa but significantly lower for marine ciliates (0.390 ± 0.105 eV) than for freshwater ciliates (0.633 ± 0.060 eV), supporting our hypothesis. Accordingly, models aiming to predict the ciliate response to increasing water temperature should apply the environment‐specific activation energies provided in this study.
Influence of Hurricane Activity on Acoustic Array Efficiency: A Case Study of Red Snapper within an Artificial Reef Complex
Authors: Banks Kesley Gibson , Streich Matthew K. , Curtis Judson M. , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Meteorological disturbances, such as hurricanes, can cause wide distributional changes to fish populations, but studies documenting fish movement in response to these disturbances are rare and serendipitous. We opportunistically examined how a hurricane influenced behavior of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus at an artificial reef complex in the western Gulf of Mexico. Red Snapper had a variety of responses, with some fish emigrating and some remaining on site during Hurricane Harvey—a category 4 storm. Hurricane induced destruction or alteration of habitat may alter space use behavior of fish. However, caution should be used when interpreting behavior without the inclusion of array performance, which may change due to environmental conditions. Importantly, when acoustic array efficiency was not accounted for in space use analyses, mean kernel utilization distribution (m3) was marginally different among the periods before, during, and after Hurricane Harvey. However, when mean daily array efficiency was included as a covariate, space use among the three periods was not significantly different. Hurricanes can affect the movement and residency of marine species and can be an important driver in the displacement of populations and degradation of habitats, but array efficiency should be incorporated to prevent misinterpreting the behaviors of tagged fish.
An evidence‐based general anaesthesia and prone position nursing checklist: Development and testing
Authors: Cai Jianshu , Huang Xiaoling , He Lifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimProne positioning during general anaesthesia is one of the most difficult practices for the perioperative nurse. Patients in this position are vulnerable to many preventable complications. However, no studies have developed an evidence‐based tool to improve nursing practice during general anaesthesia and prone positioning. This study aimed to develop and test a general anaesthesia and prone position nursing checklist for use by the circulating nurse.DesignA prospective pre‐post study was performed between October 2020 and March 2021.MethodsThe WHO checklist development model and evidence‐based methods guided the checklist development process. We prospectively observed circulating nurses that attended to prone general anaesthesia during posterior lumbar spine surgery for 3 months before and after the introduction of the general anaesthesia and prone position nursing risk checklist. The main outcomes were successful delivery of essential prone positional nursing practices during each surgery and the nurse's opinion of the checklist's efficacy and utility.ResultsA general anaesthesia and prone position nursing checklist comprised of 4 pause points and 22 necessary nursing practices was developed. Seventy‐two nurses participated in this study. Use of the checklist significantly increased the average performance of essential practices during each surgery from 72.72%–95.45%. Three measures had a compliance rate of 100%. The delivery rate of 14 measures was significantly improved, 91.7% of nurses considered the checklist easy to use, and 94.4% nurses would want the checklist to be used if they underwent a prone position and general anaesthesia operation.
The effect of surface treatments on the interlaminar shear failure of GLARE laminates subjected to pre‐cyclic thermal loads
Authors: Süsler Sedat , Bora Mustafa Özgür , Uçan Cem , Türkmen Halit S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, both the individual and combined effect of thermal cycling and surface treatment on the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of glass laminate aluminum‐reinforced epoxy (GLARE) 3/2 sheet material are investigated experimentally. Three kinds of surface treatments including sandpapering, degreasing and both degreasing and sandpapering are applied to AA6061‐T6 sheets before manufacturing of hot‐pressed GLARE 3/2 sheet material. Two different cyclic thermal conditions, which are referred to the flight characteristics of a typical transport category aircraft, are then applied to short‐beam GLARE specimens by changing temperature limits and keeping the number of cycles the same. Three‐point bending tests are lastly performed to examine the effects of surface treatments on the ILSS of GLARE laminates under pre‐cyclic thermal conditions by comparing with the specimens under acyclic condition at room temperature. The results show that the ILSS of surface‐treated laminates have an increase by between 29% and 73% against untreated ones according to the cyclic thermal profile. If sandpapering and degreasing apply together as a combined mechanical–chemical surface treatment process, then ILSS is totally preserved or reduced by only 4% under certain thermal pre‐cyclic conditions.
lncRNA X‐inactive‐specific transcript is a potential biomarker related to changes in CD4+ T cell levels in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cheng Qi , Chen Xin , Xu Jieying , Chen Mo , Zhang Peiyu , Wu Huaxiang , Du Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a particularly heterogeneous autoimmune disease. This study was intended to clarify the correlations between X‐inactive‐specific transcript (XIST) expression and SLE clinical features and the contribution of XIST to SLE pathogenesis at the transcriptome level.MethodsXIST expression in 79 SLE patients, 14 rheumatoid arthritis patients, and 23 healthy controls was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The Benjamini and Hochberg adjusted method and multivariate linear regression were applied to correct p‐values and adjust confounding factors, respectively. Bioinformatic methods were used to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of XIST.ResultsXIST was significantly elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4+ T cells from SLE patients compared with the levels in healthy controls and had potential diagnostic value for SLE. Notably, XIST expression was positively correlated with the SLE disease activity index and significantly reduced after effective treatment. Moreover, SLE patients with high XIST expression tended to have elevated levels of CD4+ T cells, but reduced levels of NK cells. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that XIST may regulate OLFM4 and CEACAM8 expression by acting as a spongy body for miR‐20a, miR‐92a, miR‐106a, and miR‐449a. Furthermore, CEACAM8 was significantly upregulated in CD4+ T cells from SLE patients and significantly positively correlated with XIST expression.ConclusionslncRNA XIST, a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for SLE, is involved in the change of immune cell balance in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Mechanistically, XIST may regulate the miR‐17‐92–CEACAM8 axis to achieve this in CD4+ T cells.
Polymorphs with Remarkably Distinct Physical and/or Chemical Properties
Authors: Saha Binoy K. , Nath Naba K. , Thakuria Ranjit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymorphism in crystals is known since 1822 and the credit goes to Mitscherlich who realized the existence of different crystal structures of the same compound while working with some arsenate and phosphate salts. Later on, this phenomenon was observed also in organic crystals. With the advent of different technologies, especially the easy availability of single crystal XRD instruments, polymorphism in crystals has become a common phenomenon. Almost 37 % of compounds (single component) are polymorphic to date. As the energies of the different polymorphic forms are very close to each other, small changes in crystallization conditions might lead to different polymorphic structures. As a result, sometimes it is difficult to control polymorphism. For this reason, it is considered to be a nuisance to crystal engineering. It has been realized that the property of a material depends not only on the molecular structure but also on its crystal structure. Therefore, it is not only of interest to academia but also has widespread applications in the materials science as well as pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have discussed polymorphism which causes significant changes in materials properties in different fields of solid‐state science, such as electrical, magnetic, SHG, thermal expansion, mechanical, luminescence, color, and pharmaceutical. Therefore, this review will interest researchers from supramolecular chemistry, materials science as well as medicinal chemistry.
Organocatalytic Access to Tetrasubstituted Chiral Carbons Integrating Functional Groups
Authors: Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional organic structures containing sp3 carbons bearing four non‐hydrogen substituents can provide drug‐like molecules. Although such complex structures are challenging targets in synthetic organic chemistry, efficient synthetic approaches will open a new chemical space for pharmaceutical candidates. This review provides an account of our recent achievements in developing organocatalytic approaches to attractive molecular platforms based on optically active sp3 carbons integrating four different functional groups. These methodologies include asymmetric cycloetherification and cyanation of multifunctional ketones, both of which take advantage of the mild characteristics of organocatalytic activation. Enzyme‐like but non‐enzymatic organocatalytic systems can be used to precisely manufacture molecules containing complex chiral structures without substrate specificity problems. In addition, these catalytic systems control not only stereoselectivity but also site‐selectivity and do not induce side reactions even from substrates with rich functionality.
Florida sandhill crane use and nesting in managed dry prairie
Authors: Dellinger Timothy A. , Cox W. Andrew , Watford Miranda L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHabitat loss is the primary threat to Florida sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis pratensis) and few land management efforts are specific to the subspecies on Florida's public lands. We examined nest density and vegetation structure before and after roller‐chopping (i.e., mechanical control of saw palmetto [Serenoa repens] and other dense shrubs) and prescribed fire. From 2014 to 2016, Florida sandhill crane nesting was monitored before and following treatments in native dry prairie at Three Lakes Wildlife Management Area (TLWMA) and in nonnative improved pasture at an adjacent privately owned ranch, Kenansville, Florida, USA. Treatments reduced vegetation height and density around marshes that had dense saw palmetto unlike control marshes where saw palmetto height increased and there was little change in density. Treatments also decreased shrub densities by 13.4% and increased grass densities by 15% in the dry prairie, making them structurally more similar to pastures. However, nest density did not increase in the TLWMA dry prairie after roller‐chopping and burning during the project time frame. Colonization of new areas by cranes, including those recently roller‐chopped and burned, may require time and longer‐term monitoring.
Radial stagnation flow of a micropolar fluid over a twisting cylinder
Authors: Bashir Sammar , Sajid Muhammad , Sadiq Muhammad Noveel , Fahim Muhammad , Ali Nasir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn investigation is accomplished to analyze the problem of radial stagnation flow of micropolar fluid radially impinging over a twisting cylinder. The impact of the twisting rate σ, Reynolds number R on the flow under the concentration of rotation of microelements on the flow is predicted in this research. By utilizing similarity variables, the leading flow equations of micropolar fluid are transformed into ordinary ones. A numerical scheme called the Keller–Box technique is applied to acquire the numerical results. The consequences of the micro rotational components on the twisting parameter are analyzed. Important characteristics of this flow are studied for different values of and σ. The wall shear stresses are also obtained. The interesting feature of axial and azimuthal wall shear stress parameters under the concentration of micro rotation of fluid elements are obtained and discussed.
Kommt die Defi-Drohne?
Authors: Thies Karl-Christian , Jansen Gerrit , Wähnert Dirk 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Mangel an automatischen externen Defibrillatoren (AED) und die fehlende Kenntnis von Ersthelfern im Umgang mit diesen Geräten haben in Deutschland zu einer ungenügenden Verbreitung der Public-Access-Defibrillation geführt.

Fragestellung
Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwieweit die automatisierte Zuführung von AED bei außerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand mithilfe von Drohnen hier Abhilfe schaffen kann.

Material und Methodik
Narrative Literaturübersicht, Auswertung von Statistiken, Analyse relevanter Medienmeldungen und Diskussion von Grundlagenarbeiten.

Ergebnisse
Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen sind überwiegend im experimentellen Bereich angesiedelt und belegen die Machbarkeit und die Sicherheit des Drohneneinsatzes sowie eine Verkürzung der Zeit bis zur Erstdefibrillation. Erste klinische Studien bestätigen dies.

Schlussfolgerung
Defi-Drohnen könnten wahrscheinlich zur Verbesserung der Frühdefibrillationrate in Deutschland beitragen. Dies gilt sowohl für den ländlichen als auch den urbanen Raum. Die technologischen Voraussetzungen sind gegeben, die flugrechtlichen Bedingungen müssten allerdings noch angepasst werden. Um das volle Potenzial der neuen Technologie auszuloten, sind weitere Feldversuche erforderlich.
Modelling Okun’s law: Does non-Gaussianity matter?
Authors: Kiss Tamás , Nguyen Hoang , Österholm Pär 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse Okun’s law—a relation between the change in the unemployment rate and GDP growth—using data from Australia, the euro area, the UK and the USA. More specifically, we assess the relevance of non-Gaussianity when modelling the relation. This is done in a Bayesian VAR framework with stochastic volatility where we allow the different models’ error distributions to have heavier-than-Gaussian tails and skewness. Our results indicate that accounting for heavy tails yields improvements over a Gaussian specification in some cases, whereas skewness appears less fruitful. In terms of dynamic effects, a shock to GDP growth has robustly negative effects on the change in the unemployment rate in all four economies.