bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Expeditions Facilitated by Open Source Solutions Broaden Student Participation in Natural History Research
Authors: Tanner Richelle L , Moore Talia Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
From its genesis in the Victorian era as an activity for the elite to today's emphasis on “Big Data” and continuous monitoring, natural history has a prominent role in scientific discoveries for many fields. However, participation in field expeditions is limited by funding, space, accessibility, and safety constraints. Others have detailed the active exclusion of minoritized groups from field expeditions and harm/discrimination faced by the few who do participate, but we provide one solution to broaden opportunities for participation in natural history: Virtual Expeditions. Virtual Expeditions are broadly defined as open source, web-facilitated research activities designed to analyze bulk-collected digital data from field expeditions that require visual human interpretation. We show two examples here of their use: an independent research-based analysis of snake behavior and a course-based identification of invertebrate species. We present a guide to their appropriate design, facilitation, and evaluation to result in research grade data. We highlight the importance of open source technology to allow for longevity in methodology and appropriate quality control measures necessary for projects that include dozens of researchers over multiple years. In this perspective, we specifically emphasize the prominent role that open source technology plays in making these experiences feasible and scalable. Even without explicit design as broadening participation endeavors, Virtual Expeditions allow for more inclusive participation of early career researchers with specific participatory limitations. Not only are Virtual Expeditions integral to the large-scale analysis necessary for field expeditions that generate impossibly enormous datasets, but they can also be effective facilitators of inclusivity in natural history research.
Trends in Stroke Kinematics, Reynolds Number, and Swimming Mode in Shrimp-Like Organisms
Authors: Ruszczyk Melissa , Webster Donald R , Yen Jeannette 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Metachronal propulsion is commonly seen in organisms with the caridoid facies body plan, that is, shrimp-like organisms, as they beat their pleopods in an adlocomotory sequence. These organisms exist across length scales ranging several orders of Reynolds number magnitude, from 10 to 104, during locomotion. Further, by altering their stroke kinematics, these organisms achieve three distinct swimming modes. To better understand the relationship between Reynolds number, stroke kinematics, and resulting swimming mode, Euphausia pacifica stroke kinematics were quantified using high-speed digital recordings and compared to the results for the larger E.superba. Euphausia pacifica consistently operate with a greater beat frequency and smaller stroke amplitude than E. superba for each swimming mode, suggesting that length scale may affect the kinematics needed to achieve similar swimming modes. To expand on this observation, these euphausiid data are used in combination with previously published stroke kinematics from mysids and stomatopods to identify broad trends across swimming mode and length scale in metachrony. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals trends in stroke kinematics and Reynolds number as well as the variation among taxonomic order. Overall, larger beat frequencies, stroke amplitudes, between-cycle phase lags, and Reynolds numbers are more representative of the fast-forward swimming mode compared to the slower hovering mode. Additionally, each species has a unique combination of kinematics which result in metachrony, indicating that there are other factors, perhaps morphological, which affect the overall metachronal characteristics of an organism. Finally, uniform phase lag, in which the timing between power strokes of all pleopods is equal, in five-paddle systems is achieved at different Reynolds numbers for different swimming modes, highlighting the importance of taking into consideration stroke kinematics, length scale, and the resulting swimming mode.
Improving efficiency of COVID-19 aggregate case and death surveillance data transmission for jurisdictions: current and future role of application programming interfaces (APIs)
Authors: Khan Diba , Park Meeyoung , Lerma Samuel , Soroka Stephen , Gaughan Denise , Bottichio Lyndsay , Bray Monika , Fukushima Mary , Bregman Brooke , Wiedeman Caleb , Duck William , Dee Deborah , Gundlapalli Adi , Suthar Amitabh B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supplemented traditional COVID-19 case and death reporting with COVID-19 aggregate case and death surveillance (ACS) to track daily cumulative numbers. Later, as public health jurisdictions (PHJs) revised the historical COVID-19 case and death data due to data reconciliation and updates, CDC devised a manual process to update these records in the ACS dataset for improving the accuracy of COVID-19 case and death data. Automatic data transfer via an application programming interface (API), an intermediary that enables software applications to communicate, reduces the time and effort in transferring data from PHJs to CDC. However, APIs must meet specific content requirements for use by CDC. As of March 2022, CDC has integrated APIs from 3 jurisdictions for COVID-19 ACS. Expanded use of APIs may provide efficiencies for COVID-19 and other emergency response planning efforts as evidenced by this proof-of-concept. In this article, we share the utility of APIs in COVID-19 ACS.
Postbiotic effects of Lactobacillus fermentate on intestinal health, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth efficiency of nursery pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Xiangyi , Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study determined the supplemental effects of Lactobacillus fermentate (LBF, Adare Biome, France) on intestinal health and prevention of postweaning diarrhea caused by F18+Escherichia coli in nursery pigs. Sixty-four weaned pigs (6.6 ± 0.7 kg body weight) were allotted in a randomized complete block design to four treatments: NC: no challenge/no supplement; PC: E. coli challenge/no supplement; AGP: E. coli challenge/bacitracin (30 g/t feed); and PBT: E. coli challenge/LBF (2 kg/t feed). Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) was used as a source of bacitracin. On day 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli (2.4 × 1010 CFU), whereas NC received sterile saline solution. Growth performance was analyzed weekly, and pigs were euthanized at the end of 28 d feeding to analyze intestinal health. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS 9.4. During the post-challenge period, PC tended to decrease (P = 0.067) average daily gain (ADG) when compared with NC, whereas AGP increased (P &lt; 0.05) when compared with PC; PBT tended to increase (P = 0.081) ADG when compared with PC. The PC increased fecal score (P &lt; 0.05) during day 7 to 14 when compared with NC, whereas AGP decreased it (P &lt; 0.05) during day 14 to 21 when compared with PC. The PC increased (P &lt; 0.05) protein carbonyl, crypt cell proliferation, and the relative abundance of Helicobacter rodentium when compared with NC. However, AGP decreased (P &lt; 0.05) crypt cell proliferation and H. rodentium and increased (P &lt; 0.05) villus height, Bifidobacterium boum, Pelomonas spp., and Microbacterium ginsengisoli when compared with PC. The PBT reduced (P &lt; 0.05) crypt cell proliferation and H. rodentium and increased (P &lt; 0.05) Lactobacillus salivarius and Propionibacterium acnes when compared with PC. At the genus level, AGP and PBT increased (P &lt; 0.05) the alpha diversity of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in pigs estimated with Chao1 richness estimator when compared with PC. Collectively, F18+E. coli reduced growth performance by adversely affecting microbiota and intestinal health. The LBF and BMD improved growth performance, and it was related to the enhanced intestinal health and increased diversity and abundance of beneficial microbiota in pigs challenged with F18+E. coli.
Dual Redox Regulation of the DNA-Binding Activity of the Response Regulator RpaB in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Kato Naoki , Iwata Kazuki , Kadowaki Taro , Sonoike Kintake , Hihara Yukako 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The response regulator RpaB plays a central role in transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis-related genes in cyanobacteria. RpaB is phosphorylated by its cognate histidine kinase Hik33 and functions as both an activator and a repressor under low-light conditions, whereas its phosphorylation level and DNA-binding activity promptly decrease upon the upshift of photon flux density, causing changes in the gene expression profile. In this study, we assessed the possibility of redox regulation of the DNA-binding activity of RpaB in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by the addition of inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone, or the reducing agent dithiothreitol under different photon flux densities. Analysis of the phosphorylation level of RpaB revealed that reduction of QA and increase in the availability of reducing equivalents at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI) can independently trigger dephosphorylation. The redox-state-dependent regulation by an unidentified thiol other than Cys59 of RpaB is prerequisite for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the DNA-binding activity. Environmental signals, recognized by Hik33, and metabolic signals recognized as the availability of reducing equivalents, must be integrated at the master regulator RpaB, in order to attain the flexible regulation of acclimatory responses.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATES IN RIP HEALING
Authors: Romano Francesco , Zicarelli Federico , Cozzi Mariano , Bertoni Alice Ingrid , Cereda Matteo Giuseppe , Bottoni Ferdinando , Staurenghi Giovanni , Invernizzi Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
To report the imaging and functional features of the repair tissue following retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears.

Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study included patients with RPE tears secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and at least 12 months of follow-up. The following variables were analyzed: best-corrected visual acuity; retinal sensitivity using microperimetry; outer retinal layers status and RPE resurfacing on optical coherence tomography; fibrosis; autofluorescence signal recovery using blue-light and near-infrared autofluorescence.

Results:
Overall, 48 eyes were included (age: 82 ± 5 years) and 34 of them showed signs of healing. Retinal pigment epithelium resurfacing was noticed in 22 cases, whereas fibrosis appeared in 21 eyes. Autofluorescence improved in 17 cases using blue-light infrared autofluorescence and 7 eyes on near-infrared autofluorescence. Outer retinal layers were more frequently preserved when RPE resurfacing and autofluorescence improvement occurred (P < 0.05). Although best-corrected visual acuity was higher for smaller RPE tears (P = 0.01), retinal sensitivity of the healing tissue was positively affected by autofluorescence improvement (P < 0.001) and by absence of fibrosis (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Autofluorescence signal recovery after rip occurrence possibly reflects the underlying status of the RPE and is associated with better functional outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of blue-light infrared autofluorescence and especially near-infrared autofluorescence assessment in the setting of rip healing.
Health Care Needs of Young Adults Who Have Experienced Homelessness
Authors: Semborski Sara , Henwood Benjamin , Madden Danielle , Rhoades Harmony 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Young adults experiencing homelessness have poorer overall health compared with the general population. However, not much is known about how health care needs may change in the transition from homelessness to supportive housing. This study utilizes the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to examine unmet health care needs among young adults currently experiencing homelessness and formerly homeless young adults living in supportive housing.

Methods:
This study includes data from 192 young adults who were either residing in a supportive housing program (n=103) or were “unhoused” (eg, residing on the street, staying in emergency shelters; n=89) in Los Angeles, CA, between 2017 and 2019. Hierarchical modeling examined unmet health care needs and factors that may enable those needs to be met, controlling for predisposing and other need factors.

Results:
Controlling for predisposing and other need characteristics, this study identified increased enabling factors among those residing in supportive housing, the most widely applied intervention for homelessness. Participants who resided in supportive housing were more likely to report at least 1 type of unmet need than youth who did not have access to housing. Additional findings regarding the association of enabling factors and unmet need yield mixed results based on the type of unmet need.

Discussion:
The acknowledgment of unmet needs may, in fact, be a byproduct of shifting priorities, which often occurs in the transition from homelessness to housing. Understanding the unmet need and health implications of this transition has relevance for practice as we work to better support formerly homeless young adults in meeting the needs that they identify.
Incidence and Prevalence of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Continues to Increase in the South of England
Authors: Ashton James J. , Barakat Farah M. , Barnes Claire , Coelho Tracy A.F. , Batra Akshay , Afzal Nadeem A. , Beattie R. Mark 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing over 25 years; however, contemporary trends are not established and the impact of COVID-19 on case rates is unclear.

Methods:
Data from Southampton Children’s hospital prospective IBD database were retrieved for 2002–2021. Incidence rates were calculated based on referral area populations and temporal trends analysed. Disease prevalence for those aged <18 years was calculated for 2017–2021. Monoclonal prescriptions were reported.

Results:
In total, 1150 patients were included (mean age at diagnosis 12.63 years, 40.5% female). An estimated 704 patients had Crohn’s disease (61.2%), 385 had ulcerative colitis (33.5%), and 61 had IBD unclassified (5.3%). Overall IBD incidence increased, β = 0.843, P = 3 × 10−6, driven by Crohn’s disease, β = 0.732, P = 0.00024 and ulcerative colitis, β = 0.816, P = 0.000011. There was no change in IBDU incidence, β = 0.230, P = 0.33. From 2002–2021, 51 patients were diagnosed <6 years of age, 160 patients aged 6 to <10 years and 939 patients aged 10 to <18 years of age. Increased incidence was observed in patients aged 10 to <18 years of age (β = 0.888, P = 1.8 × 10−7). There was no significant change in incidence of IBD in <6 years (β = 0.124, P = 0.57), or 6 to <10 years (β = 0.146, P = 0.54). IBD prevalence increased by an average of 1.71%/year from 2017 to 2021, β = 0.979, P = 0.004. The number of new monoclonal prescriptions increased from 6 in 2007 to 111 in 2021.

Conclusions:
IBD incidence continues to increase in Southern England. Compounding prevalence and increased monoclonal usage has implications for service provision.
Long-Term Growth in Children and Young People with Autoimmune Liver Disease Treated with Daily Steroids
Authors: Manwani Karishma , Mieli-Vergani Giorgina , Mancell Sara , Dhawan Anil , Hadzic Nedim , Samyn Marianne 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate long-term growth in children and young people with autoimmune liver disease (AILD) treated with daily steroids.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational cohort study of patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2004 before the age of 16 years. Growth measurements (height, weight and body mass index (BMI)) converted to z-scores were recorded, at diagnosis, 1 and 5 years after commencing treatment and at age 18 years and analyzed together with demographics, disease and treatment related characteristics.

Results:
Seventy-four patients (35 female) were started on treatment at median age of 12.85 (Inter quartile range (IQR) 9.44, 14.14) years for median duration of 12.07 (IQR 8.68, 13.97) years. At all time-points, the mean z-scores for weight, height and BMI were within the normal range, indicating normal nutritional status. There was no difference in change in z-score for weight, height and BMI from diagnosis until age 18 years when comparing gender (male vs female), ethnicity (Caucasian vs non-Caucasian), diagnosis (AIH vs ASC) and presence of IBD (n = 23). Change in z-score was lower for height and weight for the < 12 years group compared to the ≥12 years age group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). In addition, change in height z-score correlated positively with age at start of steroid treatment (r = 0.321, P < 0.05) and negatively with duration of steroid treatment (r = −0.321, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Growth of patients with AILD on a daily maintenance dose of steroids remains stable and within normal range during long-term follow up. Small, daily doses are effective in maintaining disease control and minimize the need for high-dose steroid pulses during relapses.
Implementation and Adoption of Telerehabilitation for Treating Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Campbell Kody R. , Wilhelm Jennifer L. , Pettigrew Natalie C. , Scanlan Kathleen T. , Chesnutt James C. , King Laurie A. 
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose:
Multimodal physical therapy for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been shown to improve recovery. Due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a clinical trial assessing the timing of multimodal intervention was adapted for telerehabilitation. This pilot study explored feasibility and adoption of an in-person rehabilitation program for subacute mTBI delivered through telerehabilitation.

Methods:
Fifty-six in-person participants—9 males; mean (SD) age 34.3 (12.2); 67 (31) days post-injury—and 17 telerehabilitation participants—8 males; age 38.3 (12.7); 61 (37) days post-injury—with subacute mTBI (between 2 and 12 weeks from injury) were enrolled. Intervention included 8, 60-minute visits over 6 weeks and included subcategories that targeted cervical spine, cardiovascular, static balance, and dynamic balance impairments. Telerehabilitation was modified to be safely performed at home with minimal equipment. Outcome measures included feasibility (the number that withdrew from the study, session attendance, home exercise program adherence, adverse events, telerehabilitation satisfaction, and progression of exercises performed), and changes in mTBI symptoms pre- and post-rehabilitation were estimated with Hedges' g effect sizes.

Results:
In-person and telerehabilitation had a similar study withdrawal rate (13% vs 12%), high session attendance (92% vs 97%), and no adverse events. The telerehabilitation group found the program easy to use (4.2/5), were satisfied with care (4.7/5), and thought it helped recovery (4.7/5). The telerehabilitation intervention was adapted by removing manual therapy and cardiovascular portions and decreasing dynamic balance exercises compared with the in-person group. The in-person group had a large effect size (−0.94) in decreases in symptoms following rehabilitation, while the telerehabilitation group had a moderate effect size (−0.73).

Discussion and Conclusions:
Telerehabilitation may be feasible for subacute mTBI. Limited ability to address cervical spine, cardiovascular, and dynamic balance domains along with underdosage of exercise progression may explain group differences in symptom resolution.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A392).
Preparing for a Crowded Cosmetic Market: A Resident Training Model for Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Treatments
Authors: Marks Jacob M. , Mackenzie Ethan L. , Rose Katherine R. , Shaffrey Ellen C. , Larson Jeffrey D. , Siebert John W. , Afifi Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Patient demand for nonsurgical and minimally invasive cosmetic treatments has increased in recent years, resulting in a growing market that is particularly vulnerable to specialty creep. Despite this growing demand, nonsurgical cosmetic training for plastic surgery residents is often inconsistent and challenging. To ensure the continued safe and effective delivery of nonsurgical cosmetic care by board-certified plastic surgeons, it is critical to implement standardized training models for plastic surgery residents. In this Special Topic article, the authors describe their experience with a resident-run clinic training model that incorporates graduated autonomy, volunteer patient recruitment, and grant-based industry support that has been successfully implemented at their institution for the past 6 years. The article provides a framework for a resident educational model and addresses common obstacles in resident cosmetic training. The authors also provide recommendations for patient recruitment, optimizing clinic workflow, and the management of patient complications.
Hyperammonemia syndrome in immunosuppressed individuals
Authors: Roberts Scott C. , Malik Waleed , Ison Michael G. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Hyperammonemia syndrome is an increasingly recognized and often fatal condition that occurs in immunosuppressed individuals, most commonly lung transplant recipients. Growing evidence suggests hyperammonemia syndrome is associated with systemic infections caused by urease-producing organisms, namely Ureaplasma spp., an organism unable to grow with routine culturing techniques. This review will summarize the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hyperammonemia syndrome, as well as diagnostic and management strategies once hyperammonemia syndrome is suspected.

Recent findings
Hyperammonemia syndrome is being described in increasing frequency in the solid organ transplant population. Morbidity and mortality, even with treatment, is high once hyperammonemia syndrome occurs. Surveillance studies indicate the prevalence of lung donor colonization with Ureaplasma spp. is high, suggesting screening and treatment may be of benefit. Antibiotic resistance is common, and rapid diagnostics can facilitate appropriate antimicrobial therapy in the peri-transplant period.

Summary
Hyperammonemia syndrome is most commonly seen in lung transplant recipients and has a high mortality rate once it occurs. Screening for Ureaplasma spp. should be considered in all lung transplant donors.