bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Father–son relationships in Israeli military families from the perspective of adult sons
Authors: Doft Yael , Possick Chaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines the experience of father–son relationships from the perspective of Israeli men whose fathers served as career combat officers.BackgroundMilitary families in general, and children in particular, face unique challenges in dealing with conflicting demands of two “greedy institutions,” military and family.MethodThis study is an interpretative phenomenological analysis of in‐depth interviews with 12 Israeli men, aged 25 to 49 years, who were sons of combat officers who served at least 15 years in the Israeli military.ResultsFive themes were identified through the men's responses: (a) father as idealized figure, (b) rationalizing father's distant stance, (c) absence of fear for father's safety, (d) role reversal: taking responsibility for the father–son relationship, (3) shifts in the relationship after father's retirement from the military.ConclusionThe unique life experience of military children as expressed in our findings is presented through the lens of Bozormenyi‐Nagy's (1987) contextual theory of the family. Participants exhibited “invisible loyalties”—complex, often contradictory feelings toward the father and his military career. Some strived to establish relationships very different from the one they had with their father but had difficulty doing so. Others voiced a balanced assessment of the benefits and “price” of being a military child and proceeded to develop relationships without being burdened by the military legacy.ImplicationsThis work provides insight for the provision of group activities sponsored by the military for fathers and sons and for those who offer counseling services for young adult military children even after the father's retirement.
Explicit spatial modeling at the pore scale unravels the interplay of soil organic carbon storage and structure dynamics
Authors: Zech Simon , Schweizer Steffen A. , Bucka Franziska B. , Ray Nadja , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid , Prechtel Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe structure of soil aggregates plays an important role for the turnover of particulate organic matter (POM) and vice versa. Analytical approaches usually do not disentangle the continuous re‐organization of soil aggregates, caught between disintegration and assemblage. This led to a lack of understanding of the mechanistic relationship between aggregation and organic matter dynamics in soils. In this study, we took advantage of a process‐based mechanistic model that describes the interaction between the dynamic (re‐)arrangement of soil aggregates, based on dynamic image analysis data of wet‐sieved aggregates, to analyze the turnover of POM, and simultaneous soil surface interactions in a spatially and temporally explicit way. Our novel modeling approach enabled us to unravel the temporal development of aggregate sizes, organic carbon (OC) turnover of POM, and surface coverage as affected by soil texture, POM input, and POM decomposition rate comparing a low and high clay soil (18% and 33% clay content). Our results reveal the importance of the dynamic re‐arrangement of soil structure on POM‐related turnover of OC in soils. Firstly, aggregation was largely determined by the POM input fostering aggregates through additional gluing joints outweighing soil texture at lower decomposition rate, whereas at higher decomposition rate, soil texture had a higher influence leading to larger aggregates in the high clay soil. Secondly, the POM storage increased with clay content, showing that surface interactions may delay the turnover of OC into CO2. Thirdly, we observed a structural priming effect in which the increased input of POM induced increased structural re‐arrangement stimulating the mineralization of old POM. This work highlights that the dynamic re‐arrangement of soil aggregates has important implications for OC turnover and is driven by underlying surface interactions where temporary gluing spots stabilize larger aggregates.
Enhanced conservation of vital pulp and apical tissues by the application of crown rotation surgery for inversely impacted central incisors: A follow‐up analysis of two patients over 4 years
Authors: Bai Yudi , Cui Jiantong , Sun Hua , Zhou Zhifei , Shi Liqiang , Li Pan , Liu Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo describe a novel surgical method (crown rotation surgery) to manage inversely impacted central incisors with immature roots.MethodologyTwo young patients each presented with an inversely impacted maxillary central incisor. To protect the apical tissues, the two impacted incisors were rotated downwards to a relatively normal position without extraction from their bony sockets.ResultsAfter crown rotation surgery, spontaneous eruption, continuous root development, and periodontal healing of the rotated incisors were observed. The pulp retained vitality and blood flow was normal. Moreover, there were no obvious signs of pulp canal obliteration (PCO), as indicated by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging.ConclusionsBy optimising protection of the vital pulp and apical tissues, crown rotation surgery represents a minimally invasive, conservative, and practical surgical technique for treating inversely impacted incisors with developing roots. In contrast to existing surgical methods, crown rotation surgery may avoid certain complications, including PCO and abnormal or arrested root development.Key learning points

By optimizing protection of the vital pulp and apical tissues, crown rotation surgery represents a minimally invasive, conservative and practical surgical technique for treating inversely impacted incisors with developing roots.

In contrast to existing surgical methods, crown rotation surgery may avoid certain complications, including PCO and abnormal or arrested root development.
Striae distensae as a diagnostic indicator for eating disorder pathologies
Authors: Silva Vixey , Schukow Casey P. , Restini Carolina B.A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis manuscript provides a review of the relationship between patients with an underlying eating disorder (ED) and the presence of striae distensae (SD). Researchers and clinicians have recognized many different skin manifestations associated with EDs. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, EDs include, but are not limited to, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). The presence of specific skin findings often helps clinicians conclude whether or not a patient may have an underlying ED and require further evaluation. One skin finding associated with an ED with little current literature focus is SD. SD arises from a combination of hormonal imbalances and stretching of the dermis, triggering a local inflammatory response. The presence of SD leaves patients with diminished quality of life. There is no single guideline treatment for SD; however, topical and/or light and laser therapies can be utilized.MethodUsing online medical literature databases and the PRISMA guidelines, 11 out of 574 articles met the acceptable criteria to be analyzed, emphasizing the lack of current literature on this subject.ResultsAnxiety and depression were comorbidities demonstrated to be strongly related to AN and obesity, secondary to BED, in patients who developed SD. Higher degrees of suicidal ideation and insomnia, along with lower self‐esteem levels, were more likely to be present in these patients.ConclusionAltogether, this review highlights the importance of continued evaluation of SD and its overall impact on patient's mental health, emphasizing an underlying ED.
Priors in Bayesian Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Fortuin Vincent 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWhile the choice of prior is one of the most critical parts of the Bayesian inference workflow, recent Bayesian deep learning models have often fallen back on vague priors, such as standard Gaussians. In this review, we highlight the importance of prior choices for Bayesian deep learning and present an overview of different priors that have been proposed for (deep) Gaussian processes, variational autoencoders and Bayesian neural networks. We also outline different methods of learning priors for these models from data. We hope to motivate practitioners in Bayesian deep learning to think more carefully about the prior specification for their models and to provide them with some inspiration in this regard.
Novel amikacin resistance genes identified from human gut microbiota by functional metagenomics
Authors: Wang Shaochen , Wei Lin , Gao Yuejiao , Rong Yufeng , Zha Zhengqi , Lyu Yunbin , Feng Zhiyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and potential for horizontal transfer of amikacin resistance genes from the human gut.

Methods and results
A library of human faecal microbiota was constructed and subjected to functional screening for amikacin resistance. In total, five amikacin resistance genes that conferred relatively high amikacin resistance, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 64 to &gt;512, were identified from the library, including a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene and a 16S rRNA methyltransferase (MTase) gene, labelled aac (6′)-Iao and rmtI, respectively. AAC(6′)-Iao showed the highest identity of 48% to AAC(6′)-Ian from a clinical isolate Serratia marcescens, whereas RmtI shared the closest amino acid identity of 32% with ArmA from Klebsiella pneumonia. The MICs of these five subclones to six commonly used aminoglycosides were determined. Susceptibility analysis indicated that RmtI was associated with high resistance phenotype to 4,6-disubstituted 2-DOS aminoglycosides, whereas AAC(6′)-Iao conferred resistance to amikacin and kanamycin. In addition, kinetic parameters of AAC(6′)-Iao were determined, suggesting a strong catalytic effect on amikacin and kanamycin.

Conclusions
Antibiotic resistance genes with low identity to known sequences can be uncovered by functional metagenomics. In addition, the diversity and prevalence of amikacin resistance genes merit further investigation in extended habitats, especially the 16S rRNA MTase gene that might have been underestimated in previous cognition.

Significance and Impact of Study
Two novel amikacin resistance genes were identified in this study, including a 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene rmtI and an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene aac(6′)-Iao. This work would contribute to the in-depth study of the diversity and horizontal transfer potential of amikacin resistance genes in the microbiome of the human gut.
Gut microbiota communities of reciprocal hybrids from koi (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are more similar to koi than goldfish
Authors: Wang Qin , Liu Jun-Heng , Wen Bin , Gao Jian-Zhong , Chen Zai-Zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the gut microbiota communities of reciprocal hybrids and inbred lines of koi (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus), as well as the genetic effect of intestinal microbiota between hybrids and parents.

Methods and Results
The reciprocal hybrids and inbred lines derived from the parents, koi and goldfish, were established. Then, the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of intestinal contents was sequenced using Illumina Miseq PE300. Alpha diversity in the two types of hybrids was lower than inbred lines of koi or goldfish and was highest in goldfish, followed by koi. For beta diversity, microbial samples presented clear clusters and the two types of hybrids were more similar to koi than goldfish, indicating the gut microbiota of the reciprocal hybrids was more affected by koi. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in koi, and Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria in goldfish, and Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes in the reciprocal hybrids. In the case of Proteobacteria, the dominant classes were Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria in four fish. The dominant genera were norank_f_Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis and Plesiomonas in koi, Cetobacterium in goldfish, and Cetobacterium and ZOR0006 in the reciprocal hybrids. PICRUSt1 predictive function analysis showed that the reciprocal hybrids had lower abundance in the most functional categories than koi and goldfish.

Conclusions
The gut microbiota of reciprocal hybrids was more affected by koi. Two types of hybrids possessed the same dominated phyla and were different from the inbred lines of koi and goldfish.

Significance and Impact of the Study
It enhanced our understanding of gut microbiota of hybrid lines of goldfish and koi and provided a new perspective for the selective breeding of gut microbiota traits.
Predictors of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with balloon‐expandable valve for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Miyashita Hirokazu , Moriyama Noriaki , Yamanaka Futoshi , Saito Shigeru , Lehtola Heidi , Piuhola Jarkko , Niemelä Matti , Laine Mika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionImplantation depth and membranous septum (MS) length have been established as the predictors of new‐onset conduction disturbance (CD) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis. However, little is known about the predictors with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This study investigated the role of MS length and implantation depth in predicting CD following TAVR with a balloon‐expandable valve in patients with BAV.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 169 patients who underwent TAVR for BAV with balloon‐expandable valve, and TAV cohort was established as a control group using propensity score (PS) matching. The primary endpoints were in‐hospital new permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) and new‐onset CD (the composite outcome of new‐onset left bundle branch block and new PPI).ResultsPPI developed in 14 patients (8.3%) and new‐onset CD in 37 patients (21.9%) in the BAV cohort. Multivariate analysis revealed severe left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) calcification (odds ratio [OR]: 5.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–31.5, p = .0407) and implantation depth—MS length (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, p = .0005) as the predictors of new‐onset CD within the BAV cohort. The matched comparison between BAV and TAV groups showed similar MS length (3.0 vs. 3.2 mm, p = .5307), but valves were implanted more deeply in the BAV group than in the TAV group (3.9 vs. 3.0 mm, p < .0001). New‐onset CD was more frequent in patients who had BAV (22.3% vs. 13.9%, p = .0458).ConclusionThe implantation depth—MS length, and severe LVOT calcification predicted new‐onset CD following TAVR in BAV with balloon‐expandable valve. Among BAV patients, valves were implanted more deeply compared to TAV patients. High deployment technique could be considered to avoid new‐onset CD in BAV anatomy.
Evergreened drugs or evergreened profits?
Authors: Siddalingaiah Simran , Fugh‐Berman Adriane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground: Branded drugs contribute disproportionately to high prescription drug spending. Pharmaceutical companies utilize patent extension “evergreening” techniques that contribute to high drug costs. Aims: This article describes various patent extension techniques and analyzes the tactic of combining generic drugs with branded drugs, using metformin combinations for diabetes treatment as a case study. It examines the argument that FDCs enhance adherence and compares the cost of several branded fixed‐dose combinations with the cost of their individual constituents. Materials & Methods: We reviewed literature on patent extension techniques in both medical and marketing literature, supplemented by our own extensive files. We performed a price analysis of several branded pharmaceuticals and generically available equivalents. Prescription drug prices were determined using GoodRx.com, and prices of over‐the‐counter products were established based on the prices of two chain wholesalers. Patent and formulation information was taken from the FDA Orange Book: Approved Drugs with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations database. Results: “Evergreening” patent extension tactics include the sequential release of different formulations, minor dosing changes, and fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs). A “new use” provides an opportunity for a company to re‐patent, rebrand, and remarket one drug for multiple indications. It is unclear whether or not FDCs enhance adherence. Branded fixed‐dose combinations generally cost far more than their individual constituents. FDCs that combine metformin with other drugs are an exception, often costing the same as the non‐metformin component. Discussion: Patent extension tactics increase drug costs while providing little additional benefit to patients. Minor alterations in formulations or dosing may provide no clinical benefits. Many FDCs are expensive and fail to provide cost‐justified improvements in clinical outcomes, compared to equivalent generic drugs that would save money while delivering an equal standard of care. Combining newer hypoglycemic drugs with metformin, a gold‐standard, generic, inexpensive drug, does not appear to cost more than individual constituents but offers no clinical advantage over metformin alone. Conclusion: Evergreening tactics should be reined in, as they represent significant cost to the healthcare system and to patients. Physicians and other prescribers should avoid prescribing FDCs, or slightly tweaked “new” drugs. Patented drug combinations generate profit without innovation.
Piscirickettsia salmonis forms a biofilm on nylon surface using a CDC Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Vidal José Miguel , Ruiz Pamela , Carrasco Carlos , Barros Javier , Sepúlveda Daniela , Ruiz‐Tagle Nathaly , Romero Alex , Urrutia Homero , Oliver Cristian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch into Piscirickettsia salmonis biofilms on materials commonly used in salmon farming is crucial for understanding its persistence and virulence. We used the CDC Biofilm Reactor to investigate P. salmonis (LF‐89 and EM‐90) biofilm formation on Nylon, Stainless steel (316L), Polycarbonate and High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces. After 144 h of biofilm visualization by scanning confocal laser microscopy under batch growth conditions, Nylon coupons generated the greatest biofilm formation and coverage compared to Stainless steel (316L), Polycarbonate and HDPE. Additionally, P. salmonis biofilm formation on Nylon was significantly greater (p ≤ .01) than Stainless steel (316L), Polycarbonate and HDPE at 288 h. We used Nylon coupons to determine the kinetic parameters of the planktonic and biofilm phases of P. salmonis. The two strains had similar latencies in the planktonic phase; however, LF‐89 maximum growth was 2.5 orders of magnitude higher (Log cell ml−1). Additionally, LF‐89 had a specified growth rate (µmax) of 0.0177 ± 0.006 h−1 and a generation time of 39.2 h. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the biofilm formation by P. salmonis and elucidates the impact of the biofilm on aquaculture systems.
Postpartum depression and social support: A longitudinal study of the first six months as parents
Authors: Zheng Jie , Gao Lingling , Li Hanbing , Zhao Qian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study aimed to (1) investigate the changes in maternal and paternal depression, along with social support, across the 6‐month postpartum period; (2) explore the relationships between maternal and paternal depression and social support during the 6‐month postpartum period; and (3) compare the differences in postpartum depression and social support between mothers and fathers at 2–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum.BackgroundAn increasing body of evidence now shows that postpartum depression affects both mothers and fathers. The notable increase in postpartum depression in China is particularly concerning.DesignA longitudinal study was conducted, guided by the STROBE checklist.Methods122 pairs of parents were recruited from September 2020 to October 2021 at a teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected from each parent at 2–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale. We also acquired socio‐demographic and obstetric data at 2–3 days postpartum.ResultsMaternal depression was lowest at 2–3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal and paternal social support was highest at 2–3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal depression was significantly correlated with paternal depression while maternal social support was significantly correlated with paternal social support at different time points.ConclusionPostpartum depression in mothers and social support in both mothers and fathers, showed significant changes during the 6‐month postpartum period.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers should pay attention to the mental health of both parents, view them as a team and provide both family‐based and women‐cantered interventions.
Visual competition attenuates emotion effects during overt attention shifts
Authors: Kulke Louisa , Brümmer Lena , Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Schacht Annekathrin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNumerous different objects are simultaneously visible in a person's visual field, competing for attention. This competition has been shown to affect eye‐movements and early neural responses toward stimuli, while the role of a stimulus' emotional meaning for mechanisms of overt attention shifts under competition is unclear. The current study combined EEG and eye‐tracking to investigate effects of competition and emotional content on overt shifts of attention to human face stimuli. Competition prolonged the latency of the P1 component and of saccades, while faces showing emotional expressions elicited an early posterior negativity (EPN). Remarkably, the emotion‐related modulation of the EPN was attenuated when two stimuli were competing for attention compared to non‐competition. In contrast, no interaction effects of emotional expression and competition were observed on other event‐related potentials. This finding indicates that competition can decelerate attention shifts in general and also diminish the emotion‐driven attention capture, measured through the smaller effects of emotional expression on EPN amplitude. Reduction of the brain's responsiveness to emotional content in the presence of distractors contradicts models that postulate fully automatic processing of emotions.
Immigrant workers' movements in the U.S.: Where are high‐skilled ‘nonimmigrants’?
Authors: Roy Rianka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmigrant workers in the U.S. mobilize through labor unions, worker centers and even autonomously for their rights. But existing literature on immigrant workers' movements mentions only low‐wage, low‐skilled and undocumented immigrants, who represent the majority of non‐citizens in the country. There is no discussion on how high‐skilled ‘nonimmigrant’ workers (or immigrants on temporary work visas) mobilize. A relatively small section of migration literature pays attention to high‐skilled nonimmigrants' challenges. But scholars in this group, too, are silent about these workers' organizing capacities. In this critical review, I draw attention to this mutual silence in two groups of literature. I also refer to some empirical instances of mobilization by high‐skilled nonimmigrants. I suggest that this is a potential field of research, which may contribute to social movement, migration and labor scholarship. Additionally, it may identify possibilities of solidarity across immigrant groups.