bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance or Statistical Significance: Which One Should Be Considered for Analyzing the Gain- Frequency Responses of Hearing Aids?
Authors: Moossavi Zahra Sadat , Jalilvand Hamid , Nazeri Ahmadreza , Tabatabaee Seyed Mehdi 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: When analyzing the gain-frequency response of a hearing aid, data can be analyzed both clinically and statistically. This study aimed to investigate and compare the gain-frequency responses using statistical and clinical analyses under active digital noise reduction (DNR-on) and inactive digital noise reduction (DNR-off) conditions.
Methods: The gain-frequency responses of a hearing aid for one of the most well-known commercial digital hearing aid manufacturers were measured using the FP35 hearing aid analyzer (Frye Electronics Inc., USA) by presenting two types of signals (digital speech and composite noise) at input levels of 65 and 80 dB SPL under the DNR-on and DNR-off conditions. Data analysis was performed both statistically (using Wilcoxon signed rank test) and clinically (using 3 dB difference criterion).
Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the gain-frequency responses for all speech and noise input levels between the two conditions; while a clinically significant difference was observed only at noise input levels of 65 and 80 dB SPL.
Conclusion: For analyzing the hearing aid performance, both clinical and statistical analyses should be considered.

Keywords: Digital noise reduction; gain-frequency response; clinical analysis
Relationship between Auditory Processing Abilities and Hearing Aid Benefit in Elderly Individuals with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Chinnaraj Geetha , Parmeshwara Keerthi Sringari , Jain Chandni 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: Cognitive and auditory processing deficits are seen in older individuals with normal hearing sensitivity. Studies on older individuals with hearing impairment have assessed the cognitive function and correlated with hearing devices benefit. Since auditory processing can also affect speech perception abilities, and there is a possible relationship between cognition and some of the auditory processing abilities, it is essential to assess the relationship between auditory processing abilities and hearing aid benefit in naïve and experienced hearing aid users in older adults.
Methods: Fifty individuals in the age range of 51 to 70 years with mild to moderate hearing loss participated in the study. There were 30 participants without any hearing aid experience and 20 participants with hearing aid experience for at least six weeks. Their auditory processing abilities were tested using gap detection test, duration pattern test, speech perception in noise, dichotic consonant-vowel test, masking level difference, forward and backward span tests. The hearing aid benefit was assessed using aided speech perception in noise measures and International Outcome Inventory-Hearing Aids questionnaire in Kannada.
Results: Spearman’s correlation showed only correlation between auditory closure ability and binaural integration abilities with hearing aid benefit in experienced users. There was no correlation between any other auditory processing abilities and hearing aid benefit.
Conclusion: There is a correlation between a few auditory processes and hearing aid use in elderly individuals with mild to moderate hearing loss.
Keywords: Auditory processing abilities; hearing aid benefit; hearing aid users; working memory
Evaluation of the Correlation between Spiritual Health and Depression in Dental Students of Clinical Stage in 2020
Authors: Habibi Hoora , Alaee Arezoo , Hasani Gholamhossein 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The widespread prevalence of depression in society is one of the biggest concerns today. Spiritual health affects depression and plays an important role in improving the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual health and depression in general and residency dental students of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 166 students of 5th semester and higher were selected through census. Demographic questionnaires of Palutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire and Beck depression questionnaire were used to collect data. Participants' information was entered into PASS statistical software version 11 and data analysis was performed using ANOVA tests and correlation coefficients.
Results: In the study, 166 students were included by census. Among all the factors measured, marital status had a direct and significant relationship with spiritual health (P=0.022). Moreover, the history of physical and mental illness had an inverse and significant relationship with spiritual health (P=0.034). Educational status and history of physical and mental illness had a statistically direct and significant relationship with depression (P=0.014, P=0.064). People who had no history of physical or mental illness and were married had higher spiritual health, and people who studied in higher semesters and had a history of physical and mental illness had more depression. Finally, spiritual health and depression showed an inverse and significant relationship (P≤0.0001).
Conclusion: A study of the results obtained from dentistry students showed that there was a significant and inverse correlation between spiritual health and depression.
Civil activity of generations in modern Russian society
Authors: Parma Roman 
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of a sociological study of the manifestations of social activity of representatives of various age groups (young, mature, old age) of citizens of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to assess the scale and specifics of intergenerational contradictions and gaps in modern Russian society. These contradictions are due to disproportions in the demographic structure of the population and the financial situation of generations. Intergenerational gaps are manifested primarily in differences in value systems, vision of the image of the future, mastery of digital skills, as well as in the practices of forms of activity and motivations for civil participation.
The study is based on the theory of generations. The network approach was chosen as the methodological basis. The method of collecting empirical data was an online survey of Russian citizens aged 15 years and older (N = 1600), the formation of a sample population was subject to representation by age, gender and area of residence. The study compared the civil activity of generations by the level of social interaction, readiness for joint actions and the intensity of civil actions. There were revealed differences in the problem field and motives for civil participation of generations. The study shows the preferred forms of civic engagement of generations in offline and online spaces. The revealed ratio of forms of civil activity is compared with the data of the survey of the social and political activity of Russians VCIOM-Sputnik. The vision by different age groups of key ways for the development of civil engagement is also indicated.
The article partly explains generational gaps by age differences in the choice of informational channels and the level of digital skills. If previouly in offline civil engagement, a higher level of participation corresponded to an increase in the age of citizens, then in the digital environment, the younger generation shows a greater readiness for civil action. Based on the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion about the low potential of civil engagement, that is due to the frustration of Russians' social relations during periods of socialisation of generations. The author believes that there is a weak social interaction and a high level of disunity between citizens in Russian society. The younger generation, despite the high declared civil activity, unlike the older generations, is not disposed to make significant efforts in social activity and shows a penchant for collectivist forms of participation. With a weak potential for activity, the development of Russian civil society can be facilitated by the assistance of state institutions that harmonise relations between generations.
Motivational profiles of prospective mathematics teachers based on different types of personalities
Authors: Kurniawati Annisa Dwi , Noviani Julia 
Published: June 2022

[English]: Students' motivation and personality are two important aspects of mathematics learning. Both aspects can be used as one of the bases for mathematics educators to design learning strategies. However, students' motivation for different personality types has not been widely revealed. This qualitative research aims to uncover prospective mathematics teachers’ (PMT) motivation with introverted and extroverted personalities in mathematics learning. The participants were selected using a personality test and then an interview was conducted. The findings show that, in general, the motivation profile of introverted PMT is different from the extroverted ones. Past experiences of success and self-efficacy became essential factors in the motivation of the introvert. As for the extrovert, friends, and interactions in an activity become a motivating factor in learning mathematics. Implications of the findings will be further discussed.
[Bahasa]: Motivasi dan kepribadian siswa merupakan dua aspek penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Kedua aspek tersebut dapat dijadikan salah satu landasan bagi pendidik matematika untuk merancang strategi pembelajaran. Namun, bagaimana motivasi siswa berdasarkan tipe kepribadian yang berbeda belum banyak terungkap. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan mengungkap profil motivasi mahasiswa calon guru dengan kepribadian introver dan ekstrover dalam pembelajaran matematika. Partisipan dipilih dengan menggunakan instrumen tes kepribadian, kemudian dilakukan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, secara umum profil motivasi calon guru introver berbeda dengan yang memiliki kepribadian ekstrover. Pengalaman sukses masa lalu dan kepercayaan diri tentang kemampuan diri menjadi faktor penting dalam motivasi calon guru introver. Sedangkan untuk calon guru ekstrover, teman dan interaksi dalam suatu kegiatan menjadi faktor motivasi dalam belajar matematika. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini akan dibahas lebih lanjut dalam artikel ini.
Deterioration in Urban Residential Areas: Causes and the Enhancement: Sana’a City is a Case Study
Authors: Al-Sharjabi Ahmed Ghaleb Farea 
Published: June 2022

Defects and deterioration of the urban areas throughout Sana’a city due to the lack of awareness, and ignorance the implementation rules, “Building regulations”. These defects and deterioration of the urban housing areas, some of the building been built out of the planning parameters, dimensions’ of the streets changed as it been designed and planed by the planning authority (s), open spaces between buildings never organized, lack of green areas, and lack of social facilities. Moreover, a mixed land uses, harmed the residential areas. The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of urban design as a transformative instrument in the regeneration process, considering the rebuilding of the society cultural values as the most important goals as well as the most important urban and architectural vocabulary. The study aim to identify location and reasons of existence of the defects, and what circumstances will result on social and economic aspects of the inhabitants of the residential areas in the city. We will focus on social as well as spatial aspects of built environments, and discuss national and international case studies in order to explore perceptual, morphological, functional, symbolic, regulatory, social, cultural, and political-economic aspects of urban design and apply that to enhance the defected urban area with the city of Sana’a. The descriptive and comparative analysis method was followed for the study, and then come out with some conclusions and recommendations to improve physical characteristics of built environment, which aim to contribute to the quality of life of urban residential environment at the study area, and to apply to the whole city, in the future urban enhancement.
Keywords: Sana’a city, Residential areas, Urban Environment, defects and deterioration, Urban improvement or enhancement.
Studying the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Confined by Steel Structure Under Eccentrically Loading
Authors: الطرشة احسان , الجراش علي , مبارك فلاح 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This research paper presents an analytical study of a number of Reinforced Concrete Columns models which have rectangular cross section and confined/unconfined by steel Structure of vertical angles and horizontal plates. Columns are subjected to centric and eccentric compression load. The objective is to know how far the bracing is effective in increasing the strength of these columns. This type of strengthening is considered better than the concrete Structure, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and other types because it has many features, easy and fast to be constructed. The study demonstrated that the bracing by steel Structure led to increase the strength in large ratios and had been clear that once the thickness of steel Structure is increased, the strength increases. And once the eccentricity is increased, the strength decreases and also the failure load.
Keywords: reinforced concrete columns, bracing, steel structure, centriccompression, eccentric compression, steel structure thickness, strengtheningeffectiveness, failure load.
Quality Assessment of Seven Brands of Albendazole Tablets Marketed in Yemen
Authors: Othman Gamil Q. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess certain quality control parameters for seven brands of albendazole tablets obtained from different retail pharmacies.
Methods: The physicochemical properties and active ingredientsofseven randomly selectedbrands of albendazole tablets were assessed weight uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution
Results: All seven albendazole brands met the British Pharmacopeia (BP) quality control standards of weight uniformity, friability and the active ingredient content. Five brands met the BP disintegration criterion,whereas only two brands complied with the BP quality control parameters of the dissolution specifications.
Conclusions: Out of the seven brands of albendazole (400 mg) tablets, only two fulfillthe BP quality control standards and show physicochemicalquivalence. This emphasizes the need for regular assessment of marketed drugs to assure equivalenceof these drugs to their innovators.
Spinal Tuberculosis among Yemeni Patients Admitted to Two Major Hospitals in Sana’a: A Neurosurgey Experience
Authors: Amer Majed A. , El-Zine Monya A. Y. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of neurosurgical treatment of dorsal spinal tuberculosis (TB) among Yemeni patients.
Methods: Forty-three patients with histopathology-confirmed dorsal spinal TB, who had been admitted to Kuwait University Hospital of Sana’a University and the University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana’a, were followed up for the outcomes of neurosurgical treatment in the period from Ott. 2009 to Oct. 2005. Data about the clinical presentation, radiologic findings and the outcomes of surgical treatment were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Of patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment of dorsal spinal TB, 28 were males and 15 were females, with a mean age of 41.3 years (range: 18–70). Nearly a half of patients (50.6%) were farmers and 80% of patients were admitted to hospitals three months after the disease onset. All patients presented with back pain, while paraplegia/paraparesis and sensory impairment were reported in 81.4% and 87.4% of patients at presentation, respectively. Four patients (9.2 %) had cold abscesses and were treated by abscess drainage, while 90.8% of patients were treated by surgical decompression, debridement and posterior transpedicular fixation by screws and rods.
Conclusions: The posterior approach for the treatment of spinal TB, with bilateral transpedicular access to anterior decompression together with posterior transpedicular fixation, has satisfactory outcomes regarding the clinical improvement and spinal stabilization among Yemeni patients.
Fascioliasis in Yemen: A Long Track of Neglect despite Reports of Existence
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Rashad 
Published: June 2022

Fascioliasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Yemen and is viewed as a zoonotic disease of sporadic nature. However, recent reports of human cases, well-documented published literature on animal and human fascioliasis and environmental evidence on the contamination of freshly eaten vegetables necessitate understanding of the disease eco-epidemiology in the country. To improve case detection in clinical settings, laboratory technicians should be trained well on the detection of Fasciola species. From an epidemiologic perspective, serosurveys for anti-Fasciola antibodies are recommended to map the distribution of infection among communities in suspected geographic areas. In parallel, the burden of animal fascioliasis and environmental contamination of freshly eaten vegetables and water should also be assessed. On the other hand, freshwater bodies should be surveyed for potential snail hosts. In fact, it may be premature to discuss the prevention and control strategies while the epidemiologic status of fascioliasis in the country is still unclear.
Keywords: Fasciola, Neglected tropical disease, Yemen
Assessment of Certain Biochemical Parameters among Petrol Station Workers in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Alhaj Ali , Alqubaty Abdulhabib R. , Nassar Mogahid , Al-qadasi Farouk 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess hepatic and renal functions among petrol stations workers in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: A case-control study was carried out in Sana’a city, in the period from November 2017 to April 2018. Cases included 109 eligible petrol station workers exposed to petrol for at least six hours daily over a period of six months or more, while 109 apparently healthy office workers were recruited from the University of Science and Technology as controls. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire through face-to-face interview. Then, blood samples were collected from cases and controls and tested for albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine in the Laboratory Department of the University of Science and Technology Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23.0.
Results: The mean concentration of serum albumin among petrol station workers was significantly lower than the controls. In contrast, the mean level of serum ALP was significantly higher among the petrol station workers than the controls. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean levels of serum ALT and AST between the two groups. Although the mean concentrations of creatinine and urea were higher among the controls than the petrol station workers, the difference was only significantly higher for creatinine among office workers.
Conclusions: Although no specific biochemical abnormalities exist in the hepatic and renal functions of petrol station workers in Sana’a city, these parameters may show evident effects with prolonged exposure to petrol components. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes, longer durations of exposure and regular follow-up are recommended to assess the impact of long-term exposure to petrol on hepatic and renal functions.
Berberine Chloride and Hyperthermia Promote Osterix Expression and Suppress Cell Cycle Genes in Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Nashiry Mohammed Ali , AL-Khateeb Alyaa R Rajih , Froemming Gabriele 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of berberine chloride and various heat conditions on the gene expression of Osterix, RUNX-2, RANKL, CDK2, CDK4, IL-6 and IL-11.
Methods: Six groups of cells were treated with hyperthermia for 1 h: Two groups at mild, two at moderate and two at severe hyperthermia (39, 43 and 45°C respectively). Berberine chloride (80 µg/mL) was selected for treating one group of mild, moderate and severe hyperthermia (combination). All treated groups were recovered at 37°C for 24 h. Another exposure for hyperthermia (1 h) and recovery for 3 h at 37°C were applied.
Results: The expression of Osterix was highly upregulated in all groups except in the severe hyperthermia and mild hyperthermia with berberine groups. Only the mild hyperthermia without berberine induced a slight increase in the expression of RUNX2, whereas severe hyperthermia alone suppressed the levels on a significant manner. Berberine alone was more effective in significantly up-regulating RANKL expression. On the other hand, CDK2 mRNA was downregulated in all groups. CDK4 showed a similar regulation in the mild hyperthermia group with control, but the expression was downregulated in the other groups, especially in severe hyperthermia the expression was significantly downregulated (p<0.5). IL-6 was upregulated highly and significantly in the group of berberine and all groups of combinations, whereas mild and moderate hyperthermia stimulated significant expression of IL-11 mRNA.
Conclusion: These results suggest that hyperthermia and berberine chloride can promote osteosarcoma cells differentiation and arrest cell-cycle.
END-PERMIAN BURNOUT: THE ROLE OF PERMIAN–TRIASSIC WILDFIRES IN EXTINCTION, CARBON CYCLING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN EASTERN GONDWANA
Authors: MAYS CHRIS , MCLOUGHLIN STEPHEN 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWildfire has been implicated as a potential driver of deforestation and continental biodiversity loss during the end-Permian extinction event (EPE; ∼ 252 Ma). However, it cannot be established whether wildfire activity was anomalous during the EPE without valid pre- and post-EPE baselines. Here, we assess the changes in wildfire activity in the high-latitude lowlands of eastern Gondwana by presenting new long-term, quantitative late Permian (Lopingian) to Early Triassic records of dispersed fossil charcoal and inertinite from sediments of the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. We also document little-transported fossil charcoal occurrences in middle to late Permian (Guadalupian to Lopingian) permineralized peats of the Lambert Graben, East Antarctica, and Sydney and Bowen basins, eastern Australia, indicating that even vegetation of consistently moist high-latitude settings was prone to regular fire events. Our records show that wildfires were consistently prevalent through the Lopingian, but the EPE demonstrates a clear spike in activity. The relatively low charcoal and inertinite baseline for the Early Triassic is likely due in part to the lower vegetation density, which would have limited fire spread. We review the evidence for middle Permian to Lower Triassic charcoal in the geosphere, and the impacts of wildfires on sedimentation processes and the evolution of landscapes. Moreover, we assess the evidence of continental extinction drivers during the EPE within eastern Australia, and critically evaluate the role of wildfires as a cause and consequence of ecosystem collapse. The initial intensification of the fire regime during the EPE likely played a role in the initial loss of wetland carbon sinks, and contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions and land and freshwater ecosystem changes. However, we conclude that elevated wildfire frequency was a short-lived phenomenon; recurrent wildfire events were unlikely to be the direct cause of the subsequent long-term absence of peat-forming wetland vegetation, and the associated ‘coal gap' of the Early Triassic.