bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Burn Patients Without Inhalation Injury: A Unique Population?
Authors: Patterson Kelli N , Beyene Tariku J , Gil Lindsay A , Fabia Renata , Minneci Peter C , Thakkar Rajan K 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProlonged mechanical ventilation (MV) before the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with decreased survival. Pediatric burn patients without inhalational injury are a unique population as they may be intubated for longer durations due to frequent interventions such as dressing changes and burn excisions. This study utilized the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry and evaluated patients 0 to 18 years old placed on ECMO and with a burn injury from January 2010 to December 2020. Inhalation injury was excluded. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between mortality and precannulation MV duration before ECMO cannulation, and odds ratios and predicted probabilities of mortality were estimated. Our cohort of 47 patients had a median age of 2.7 years old. Mortality occurred in 48.9% of the cohort. The overall median number of days on ECMO was 6.3 days, with no difference between survivors and non-survivors (6.8 days vs 6.3 days; P = .67). Survivors were ventilated for 4.1 days and non-survivors for 4.8 days before cannulation (P = .25). Regression modeling demonstrated that with each additional day on MV before ECMO cannulation, the odds of mortality increases by 12% (P = .03). Our study suggests that, similar to pediatric patients without thermal injury, increasing precannulation MV duration is associated with an increasing risk of mortality in pediatric burn patients without inhalational injury. Though the pediatric burn population is unique, evaluation of burn patients with respiratory failure for ECMO should be similar to the general population.
A weak allele of OsNRAMP5 confers moderate cadmium uptake while avoiding manganese deficiency in rice
Authors: Kuramata Masato , Abe Tadashi , Tanikawa Hachidai , Sugimoto Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Satoru 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Decreasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in rice grains can effectively reduce potential risks to human health because rice is the major contributor to Cd intake in many diets. Among several genes involved in rice Cd accumulation, the loss of function of OsNRAMP5 is known to be effective in reducing grain concentration by inhibiting root uptake. However, disruption of this gene simultaneously decreases manganese (Mn) uptake because OsNRAMP5 is a major Mn transporter. With the aim of improving Mn uptake in OsNRAMP5 mutants while still restricting the grain Cd concentration below the upper limit of international standards, we identified a novel OsNRAMP5 allele encoding a protein in which glutamine (Q) at position 337 was replaced by lysine (K). The mutant carrying the OsNRAMP5-Q337K allele showed intermediate Cd and Mn accumulation between that of the wild-type and OsNRAMP5-knockout lines, and exhibited more resistance to Mn deficiency than the knockout lines. Different amino acid substitutions at position Q337 significantly affected the Cd and Mn transport activity in yeast cells, indicating that it is one of the crucial sites for OsNRAMP5 function. Our results suggest that the OsNRAMP5-Q337K allele might be useful for reducing grain Cd concentrations without causing severe Mn deficiency in rice cultivars through DNA marker-assisted breeding.
Consequences of Substitution Model Selection on Protein Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction
Authors: Del Amparo Roberto , Arenas Miguel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The selection of the best-fitting substitution model of molecular evolution is a traditional step for phylogenetic inferences, including ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR). However, a few recent studies suggested that applying this procedure does not affect the accuracy of phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Here, we revisited this debate topic by analyzing the influence of selection among substitution models of protein evolution, with focus on exchangeability matrices, on the accuracy of ASR using simulated and real data. We found that the selected best-fitting substitution model produces the most accurate ancestral sequences, especially if the data present large genetic diversity. Indeed, ancestral sequences reconstructed under substitution models with similar exchangeability matrices were similar, suggesting that if the selected best-fitting model cannot be used for the reconstruction, applying a model similar to the selected one is preferred. We conclude that selecting among substitution models of protein evolution is recommended for reconstructing accurate ancestral sequences.
Role of genomic DNA methylation in PCOS pathogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving case-controlled clinical studies
Authors: Rawat Kajal , Sandhu Arushi , Gautam Vipasha , Saha Pradip Kumar , Saha Lekha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with aberrant DNA methylation. Despite the advances in diagnostics and treatment of PCOS, the pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown. Several genes are epigenetically dysregulated in PCOS and associated with pathological consequences of PCOS and metabolic comorbidities; however, the methylation status of specific genes and to what extent the genes are deregulated in terms of methylation pattern are unknown. This review aimed to analyse the existing data for specific genes and find conclusive evidence of their involvement in PCOS and associated risks. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in five electronic databases. The case-controlled clinical studies using both PCOS and healthy women and evaluating the methylation pattern without any treatment or intervention were included in the study. A random-effect model was used to extract the data for meta-analysis, and outcomes were expressed as standardized mean difference with a 95% CI. From 541 screened records, 41 studies were included in the review and 21 of them were used for meta-analysis of 20 genes. Meta-analysis revealed a significant global DNA hypomethylation in different tissues and peripheral blood of patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. Specific gene methylation assessment revealed that genes associated with several functions were significantly hypomethylated and hypermethylated in patients with PCOS. This review provides conclusive evidence of epigenetic deregulation of specific genes in PCOS. These genes can potentially be used to develop diagnostic biomarkers or as targets for personalized therapy.
Extension contracture stiff knee in haemophilia: Surgical timing and procedure for total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ono Kumiko , Hirose Jun , Noguchi Megumi , Asano Kayoko , Yasuda Masaaki , Takedani Hideyuki 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for a stiff knee of patients with haemophilia (PWH) represents a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons for the difficulties of exposing the knee and high complication rate compared to a flexible knee.

Aim
To optimize the surgical exposure in primary TKA for PWH and to propose a threshold angle of extension contracture in treating haemophilic knee joints, retrospectively.

Methods
Sixty-seven primary TKAs for PWH (mean age, 48 years) were performed, and incisional approaches to joint were standard (58 cases) and V-Y quadricepsplasty (V-Y) (9 cases). The decision of surgical approach was decided intraoperatively by two surgeons. Pre- and post-knee angles were evaluated in each group. Variables in the V-Y group were evaluated using univariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the preoperative range of motion (ROM) and flexion were significantly associated with V-Y. Threshold values of preoperative flexion and ROM resulting in V-Y using receiver operating characteristic analysis were 45° and 35°, respectively.

Conclusions
Primary TKA for PWH using a standard approach may be performed before the stage preoperative flexion &lt;45° and ROM &lt;35°.
Missed Opportunities? A Retrospective Study Into Adults Hospitalized With Invasive Infection From Airway Pathogens
Authors: Smith Emma L , Tan Bryan , Bastas Alysia , Kotsanas Despina , Dendle Claire , Ojaimi Samar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Invasive disease caused by airway pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Moraxella catarrhalis, has high morbidity and mortality worldwide, with immunodeficiency being a known association with recurrent disease. The study aimed to describe the frequency of known immunodeficiency and predisposing factors in adult patients presenting with invasive infections and determine the frequency of screening for and detection of immunodeficiency.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted at a large tertiary Australian health service, comprising multiple centers. Patients aged 18 years or older, in whom the above pathogens were isolated from sterile sites, were included as identified through a microbiology database, between 2015 and 2020. Using electronic medical records, patient demographics, medical history, outcomes of admission, and pathology results were captured and reviewed to address the aims.

Results
In 252 patients, S pneumoniae was the most common culprit, isolated in 73% (185/252), compared to 14.3% (36/252) and 11.5% (29/252) of infections caused by H influenzae and N meningitidis, respectively. Known diagnoses of secondary immunodeficiency were common (31% of patients). Of those presenting with invasive pneumococcal disease, 78% had at least 1 predisposing condition, though only 9 patients (6%) had previously received pneumococcal vaccination. Despite poor screening for immunodeficiency, 12 new diagnoses were made. While the commonest immunodeficiency was secondary, due to hematological and solid organ malignancies, 3 new primary immunodeficiency diagnoses were made.

Conclusions
Immunodeficiency is common in this patient population. Screening should be undertaken to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition to avoid future morbidity and mortality.
GGDB: A Grameneae genome alignment database of homologous genes hierarchically related to evolutionary events
Authors: Yang Qihang , Liu Tao , Wu Tong , Lei Tianyu , Li Yuxian , Wang Xiyin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe genomes of Gramineae plants have been preferentially sequenced owing to their economic value. These genomes are often quite complex, for example harboring many duplicated genes, and are the main source of genetic innovation and often the result of recurrent polyploidization. Deciphering these complex genome structures and linking duplicated genes to specific polyploidization events are important for understanding the biology and evolution of plants. However, efforts have been hampered by the complexity of analyzing these genomes. Here, we analyzed 29 well-assembled and up-to-date Gramineae genome sequences by hierarchically relating duplicated genes in collinear regions to specific polyploidization or speciation events. We separated duplicated genes produced by each event, established lists of paralogous and orthologous genes, and ultimately constructed an online database, GGDB (http://www.grassgenome.com/). Homologous gene lists from each plant and between plants can be displayed, searched, and downloaded from the database. Interactive comparison tools are deployed to demonstrate homology among user-selected plants and to draw genome-scale or local alignment figures and gene-based phylogenetic trees corrected by exploiting gene collinearity. Using these tools and figures, users can easily detect structural changes in genomes and explore the effects of paleo-polyploidy on crop genome structure and function. The GGDB will provide a useful platform for improving our understanding of genome changes and functional innovation in Gramineae plants.
Effect of bimekizumab on symptoms and impact of disease in patients with psoriatic arthritis over 3 years: results from BE ACTIVE
Authors: Mease Philip J , Asahina Akihiko , Gladman Dafna D , Tanaka Yoshiya , Tillett William , Ink Barbara , Assudani Deepak , de la Loge Christine , Coarse Jason , Eells Jason , Gossec Laure 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Evaluate effects of long-term bimekizumab treatment on patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, symptoms and the impact of PsA on patients.

Methods
Patients with active PsA were enrolled into BE ACTIVE, a 48-week randomised controlled trial (NCT02969525). After Week 48, patients could enter a 104-week open-label extension (NCT03347110), receiving bimekizumab 160 mg every four weeks. PRO measures assessed included arthritis pain visual analogue scale (VAS), PsA Impact of Disease (PsAID)-9, 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) and HAQ-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Results were analysed as mean (S.E.M.) changes from baseline (CfB) from Week 0 to the end of the open-label extension (3 years) and as percentage of patients reaching patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) for global impact (PsAID-9 total score ≤4) and normal function (HAQ-DI total score &lt;0.5). Non-responder imputation was applied to missing binary outcomes.

Results
In 206 patients (mean age 49.3 years, 51.0% male), completion rate was high; 161 (78.2%) patients completed Week 152. Bimekizumab treatment was associated with long-term sustained improvements in pain [arthritis pain VAS CfB; Week 48: −29.9 (1.9); Week 152: −32.0 (1.9)] and fatigue [PsAID-9 fatigue CfB; −2.4 (0.2); −2.7 (0.2)]. High percentages of patients achieved acceptable symptom state (PsAID-9 PASS: 75.2%; 65.0%) and normalised function (HAQ-DI &lt;0.5: 49.0%; 46.1%). Improvements in patient global assessment and SF-36 Physical Component Summary were also sustained.

Conclusions
Bimekizumab treatment was associated with long-term sustained improvements in pain and fatigue, reducing overall impact of PsA on patients. Physical function and quality of life improved up to 3 years.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02969525, NCT03347110.
The genomics of COVID
Authors: Seibert Diane , Wysocki Kenneth 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses, named for their crown-like appearance, are relative newcomers to the human viral encyclopedia, but they are anything but new to the viral landscape. Initially thought to cause relatively mild disease in humans, it is now clear that coronaviruses can cause significant morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 provided a ringside seat from which to watch scientists use genomics in hundreds of ways to learn about, protect against, and ultimately control the effects of this novel virus. This article provides an overview of how genomics was used from the very first reported case in Wuhan, China to the development of at-home test kits, vaccines, and understanding the genetic association with increased risk for severe illness.
“Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy: Current Evidence and Future Directions”
Authors: Abi-Rafeh Jad , Jaberi Mehrad , Cattelan Leila , Aljerian Albaraa , Gilardino Mirko 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy (PHA) is a rare disorder characterized by gradual unilateral soft tissue atrophy in the face, which may also include clinically significant degeneration of underlying muscle and bone. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence regarding different soft-tissue reconstructive strategies in PHA, and the impact of intervention timing on disease progression. This article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the latest evidence in order to guide optimal management.

Methods:
A comprehensive multi-database search was performed through April 2020 using relevant search terms to identify clinical studies. Outcomes, complications, disease- and patient-related indications pertaining to different soft-tissue reconstructive strategies in PHA were collected and critically appraised.

Results:
35 articles reporting on a total of 824 PHA patients were evaluated; 503 (61%) were managed by microvascular free flaps, 302 patients (37%) were managed by autologous fat grafts, and 19 (2%) by pedicled flaps. A detailed synthesis of outcomes is presented herein, as well as a comparative evaluation of different microvascular free-flap options.

Conclusion:
Soft-tissue reconstruction in PHA remains an evolving field. Operative decision-making is often multifaceted, and guided by specific volumetric, aesthetic and functional deficiencies. Serial fat grafting is the primary modality utilized for patients with mild soft-tissue atrophy, while microvascular free flaps widely remain the treatment of choice for reconstruction of large volume defects. There exists a growing role of graft supplementation to improve fat graft survival, while recent evidence demonstrates that early intervention may help curb disease progression.
The recent surge of functional movement disorders: social distress or greater awareness?
Authors: Nilles Christelle , Pringsheim Tamara M. , Martino Davide 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To analyze the interrelated factors that have led to the striking increase in functional movement disorders in recent years, with a focus on functional tic-like behaviours (FTLB).

Recent findings
The sudden onset of FTLB has been widely observed in several countries since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, whereas it was previously very rarely reported. Pandemic-related FTLB typically occur in young females, share complex, disabling and tic-lookalike patterns, and are usually triggered by the exposure to videos portraying tic-like behaviours on social media. Both pandemic-related FTLB and prepandemic FTLB are associated with high levels of depression and anxiety. FTLB related to the pandemic highlight the role of social media in the psychopathological behaviours of our time.

Summary
We suggest FTLB are due to a combination of predisposing factors (high genetic and epigenetic risk for anxiety and depression, negative past experiences) and precipitating factors (pandemic and its impact on mental health, exposure to certain social media content). These factors of vulnerability may increase the risk of developing behavioural and emotional problems in youth, such as FTLB. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of psychiatric comorbidities seem to be predictors of positive prognosis.
Rapid Regulation of Local Temperature and TRPV1 Ion Channels with Wide-Field Plasmonic Thermal Microscopy
Authors: Wang Rui , Jiang Jiapei , Zhou Xinyu , Wan Zijian , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTPlasmonic absorption of light can create significant local heat and has become a promising tool for rapid temperature regulation in diverse fields, from biomedical technology to optoelectronics. Current plasmonic heating usually relies on specially designed nanomaterials randomly distributed in the space and hardly provides uniform temperature regulation in a wide field. Herein we report a rapid temperature regulation strategy on a plain gold-coated glass slip using the plasmonic scattering microscopy, which can be referred to as wide-field plasmonic thermal microscopy (W-PTM). We calibrated the W-PTM by monitoring the phase transition of the temperature-sensitive polymer solutions, showing that it can provide a temperature regulation range of 33-80 °C. Moreover, the W-PTM provides imaging capability, thus allowing the statistical analysis of the phase-transitioned polymeric nanoparticles. Finally, we demonstrated that W-PTM can be used for noninvasive and local regulation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channels in the living cells, which can be monitored by simultaneous fluorescence imaging of calcium influx. With the nondestructive local temperature-regulating and concurrent fluorescence imaging capability, we anticipate that W-PTM can be a powerful tool to study cellular activities associated with cellular membrane temperature changes.
Genetic stock identification reveals greater use of an oceanic feeding ground around the Faroe Islands by multi-sea winter Atlantic salmon
Authors: O’Sullivan Ronan James , Ozerov Mikhail , Bolstad Geir H. , Gilbey John , Jacobsen Jan Arge , Erkinaro Jaakko , Rikardsen Audun H. , Hindar Kjetil , Aykanat Tutku 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a general paucity of knowledge regards spatial variation in marine resource use for many taxa, even those of high socio-economic importance such as Atlantic salmon. While it is known that the oceans around the Faroe Islands support a salmon feeding ground, the relative use of this feeding ground by different age classes across different stocks remains largely unexplored. Using a combination of genetic stock assignment and run-reconstruction models, we observed a consistent pattern whereby the proportion of multi-sea winter (MSW) salmon for a given reporting group was substantially greater around the Faroes than the MSW proportion for that reporting groups among the prefisheries abundance. Surprisingly, MSW fish from Ireland and UK were as likely to occur around the Faroes as were MSW fish from more north-eastern regions such as the Teno river and the Barents and White Seas. MSW fish from Southern Norway were the most likely to be caught at the Faroes. While 1SW salmon from Ireland and UK as well as from Southern Norway occurred at similar rates around the Faroes, 1SW fish from more north-eastern reporting groups were nearly entirely absent from the same feeding ground. In combination with previous studies that examine the marine distribution of Atlantic salmon, our results strongly indicate that the oceans around the Faroes play host to a predominantly MSW salmon feeding ground and that use of this resource varies both within the age classes of a given stock as well as between different stocks. Furthermore, these results suggest that MSW fish from certain stocks might preferentially undertake migrations to the Faroes. Variation in spatial resource use may help to buffer salmon stocks against localised negative changes in marine conditions.