bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of spirituality in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers: Scoping review
Authors: Gonçalves Filipe , Teixeira Margarida I. , Magalhães Bruno 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies evaluating the role of spirituality and the role of spiritually integrated interventions in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) and their caregivers.ObjectivesA scoping review was conducted to examine the nature and breadth of peer-reviewed literature on the role of spirituality, interventions integrating spirituality, and outcomes for PALS and their caregivers.MethodsA literature review was performed, following the methods from the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers, based on all articles published between January 2006 and April 2022, identified in the CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, MedicLatina, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SPORTDiscus with full-text databases using key terms. Extracted data included research aims, study design, population and characteristics, theme description, and measures or type of intervention.ResultsA total of 18 articles were included in this study: 14 qualitative, 3 quantitative, and 1 protocol of a quantitative study. Eight studies were based in Europe. The search identified different main themes related to spirituality for caregivers and patients, 2 spiritual measure scales, and one intervention. However, many studies were limited in sample size, generalizability, and transferability and used less sophisticated research designs.Significance of the resultsThis scoping review illustrates the importance given to spirituality by caregivers and PALS and reveals a very heterogeneous response. Thus, experimental studies in the area of spirituality are needed to systematically explore the impact of spiritual interventions, and the results of these studies could advance practice and policy by enhancing the quality of life for PALS and their caregivers.
Precoded Large Scale Multi‐User‐MIMO System Using Likelihood Ascent Search for Signal Detection
Authors: Bagadi Kalapraveen , Ravikumar Chinthaginjala V. , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Challa Nagaraj , Rajesh Anbazhagan , Aïssa Sonia , Dayoub Iyad , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiple antennas at each user equipment (UE) and/or thousands of antennas at the base station (BS) comprise the extremely spectrum efficient large scale multi‐user multiple input multiple output system (BS). Due to space constraints, the closely spaced numerous antennas at each UE may cause inter antenna interference (IAI). Furthermore, when one UE comes into contact with another UE in the same cellular network, multi‐user interference (MUI) may be introduced to the received signal. To mitigate IAI, efficient precoding pre‐coding is necessary at each UE, and the MUI present at the BS can be canceled by efficient Multi‐user Detection (MUD) techniques. The majority of earlier literature deal with one or more of these interferences. This paper implements a joint pre‐coding and MUD, Lenstra‐Lovasz (LLL) based Lattice Reduction (LR) assisted likelihood accent search (LAS) (LLL‐LR‐LAS), to mitigate IAI and MUI simultaneously LLL‐based LR pre‐coding mitigates IAI at each UE, and the LAS algorithm is a neighborhood search‐based MUD that cancels BS MUI. The proposed approaches' performance was evaluated using Bit Error Rate analysis, and their complexity were determined using multiplication and addition.
Multidimensional Governing Equations of Matrix Flow Component of Subsurface Stormflow as Function of Bedrock Surface Geometry
Authors: Kavvas M. Levent , Tu Tongbi , Ercan Ali , Chen Z. Q. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubsurface flow is a critical component in the hydrological cycle, since it controls the quantity and timing of surface runoff and groundwater flow. Field studies have shown the fundamental influence of the bedrock surface geometry on subsurface stormflow (SSSF) and that the SSSF process consists of at least two major components: the matrix flow component and the macropore flow component that are in dynamical interaction toward forming the SSSF. Furthermore, field studies have shown that the bedrock surface that underlies the SSSF has essentially a two‐dimensional (2D) geometry, where not only the longitudinal profile along the hillslope but also the profile in the transverse direction influence the subsurface stormflow over the bedrock. The macropore flow itself being a multidimensional flow process, requires a multidimensional matrix flow component in order to quantify realistic dynamical interactions between these components within the subsurface stormflow module of a watershed hydrology model. Within this framework, the critical research question is how to extend the existing 2D Boussinesq model for the matrix flow over an inclined flat 2D surface in the longitudinal hillslope direction by developing the governing equations of matrix flow at hillslope scale over various 2D bedrock surface geometries that are reported in the field studies of SSSF. Then, numerical experiments are performed by applying the developed governing equations to various bedrock surface geometries. The results of the numerical simulations show (a) the proposed governing equations can simulate various two‐dimensional bedrock surface geometries, and are capable of incorporating the upward or downward concavity of bedrock surface in longitudinal and transverse directions into SSSF by modulating the timing and magnitude of the flows and (b) the proposed governing equations for matrix flow provide an appropriate setting for the dynamical interaction of the matrix flows with the macropore flows, creating a promising modeling framework for SSSF.
In utero exposure to cannabidiol disrupts select early-life behaviors in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Iezzi Daniela , Caceres-Rodriguez Alba , Chavis Pascale , Manzoni Olivier J. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD), one of the main components of cannabis, is generally considered safe. CBD crosses the placenta and its use during pregnancy is steadily increasing, the impact of gestational CBD’s effects on prenatal life and neurodevelopment are poorly understood. Here, we combined behavioral approaches and deep learning analysis to assess the sex-dependent neonatal behavior of CBD exposed progeny. Gestating C57BL6/J dams were exposed daily with vehicle or CBD (3 mg/Kg, s.c.), from gestational day 5 to 18. Body weight, pup ultrasound vocalizations (USVs, PND 10) and homing behavior (PND 13) were quantified in the progeny. Thus, male (but not female) pups from CBD-treated dams gained more weight than sham. There were sex-dependent differences in the coarse characteristics of ultrasonic vocalizations. Prenatally-CBD exposed male pups emitted shorter calls, whereas CBD females made more high frequency calls when compared with their control counterparts. There were significant qualitative changes in the syllabic USV repertoire reflected in call typologies and communication patterns. Finally, the homing behavior test showed that CBD-exposed females presented a greater vulnerability to gestational CBD than males. Only CBD-exposed female pups showed reduced motor and discriminatory abilities. Together the results suggest a sexual divergence in the consequences of in utero CBD exposure on neonates at early developmental ages, which may be predictive of adult psychopathology. Given the extent of cannabis and CBD use worldwide, these findings challenge the idea that CBD is a universally safe compound and reveal the need for additional studies on the effect of perinatal CBD exposure.
Poricoic acid A suppresses renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats via upregulating Sirt3 and promoting β-catenin K49 deacetylation
Authors: Chen Dan-Qian , Chen Lin , Guo Yan , Wu Xia-Qing , Zhao Ting-Ting , Zhao Hai-Ling , Zhang Hao-Jun , Yan Mei-Hua , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Li Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRenal interstitial fibrosis is the common pathological process of various chronic kidney diseases to end-stage renal disease. Inhibition of fibroblast activation attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis. Our previous studies show that poricoic acid A (PAA) isolated from Poria cocos is a potent anti-fibrotic agent. In the present study we investigated the effects of PAA on renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Renal interstitial fibrosis was induced in rats or mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO rats were administered PAA (10 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.g.) for 1 or 2 weeks. An in vitro model of renal fibrosis was established in normal renal kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells) treated with TGF-β1. We showed that PAA treatment rescued Sirt3 expression, and significantly attenuated renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis in both the in vivo and in vitro models. In TGF-β1-treated NRK-49F cells, we demonstrated that Sirt3 deacetylated β-catenin (a key transcription factor of fibroblast activation) and then accelerated its ubiquitin-dependent degradation, thus suppressing the protein expression and promoter activity of pro-fibrotic downstream target genes (twist, snail1, MMP-7 and PAI-1) to alleviate fibroblast activation; the lysine-49 (K49) of β-catenin was responsible for Sirt3-mediated β-catenin deacetylation. In molecular docking analysis, we found the potential interaction of Sirt3 and PAA. In both in vivo and in vitro models, pharmacological activation of Sirt3 by PAA significantly suppressed renal fibroblast activation via facilitating β-catenin K49 deacetylation. In UUO mice and NRK-49F cells, Sirt3 overexpression enhanced the anti-fibrotic effect of PAA, whereas Sirt3 knockdown weakened the effect. Taken together, PAA attenuates renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis by upregulating Sirt3 and inducing β-catenin K49 deacetylation, highlighting Sirt3 functions as a promising therapeutic target of renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis.
RNA binding protein HuD mediates the crosstalk between β cells and islet endothelial cells by the regulation of Endostatin and Serpin E1 expression
Authors: Jung Myeongwoo , Ryu Seungyeon , Kim Chongtae , Cha Seongho , Kang Hoin , Ji Eunbyul , Hong Youlim , Lee Youngjoon , Han Sukyoung , Jeong Seung Min , Kim Wook , Lee Eun Kyung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRNA binding protein HuD plays essential roles in gene expression by regulating RNA metabolism, and its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Here, we explored HuD-mediated differential expression of secretory proteins in mouse insulinoma βTC6 cells using a cytokine array. Endostatin and Serpin E1 that play anti-angiogenic roles were identified as differentially expressed proteins by HuD. HuD knockdown increased the expression of α chain of collagen XVIII (Col18a1), a precursor form of endostatin, and Serpin E1 by associating with the 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of Col18a1 and Serpin E1 mRNAs. Reporter analysis revealed that HuD knockdown increased the translation of EGFP reporters containing 3′UTRs of Col18a1 and Serpin E1 mRNAs, which suggests the role of HuD as a translational repressor. Co-cultures of βTC6 cells and pancreatic islet endothelial MS1 cells were used to assess the crosstalk between β cells and islet endothelial cells, and the results showed that HuD downregulation in βTC6 cells inhibited the growth and migration of MS1 cells. Ectopic expression of HuD decreased Col18a1 and Serpin E1 expression, while increasing the markers of islet vascular cells in the pancreas of db/db mice. Taken together, these results suggest that HuD has the potential to regulate the crosstalk between β cells and islet endothelial cells by regulating Endostatin and Serpin E1 expression, thereby contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis in the islet microenvironment.
Migration deficits of the neural crest caused by CXADR triplication in a human Down syndrome stem cell model
Authors: Liu Huanyao , Huang Shanshan , Wang Weijia , Wang Huiyan , Huang Weijun , Zhai Zhichen , Wang Ding , Fan Yubao , Sun Jiaqi , Li Dairui , Chiu Weicheng , Lai Xingqiang , Zeng Jixiao , Ke Qiong , Wang Tao , Xiang Andy Peng , Yuan Yong , Zhang Xinchun , Li Weiqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in live-born infants and is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Most individuals with DS display craniofacial dysmorphology, including reduced sizes of the skull, maxilla, and mandible. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Since the craniofacial skeleton is mainly formed by the neural crest, whether neural crest developmental defects are involved in the craniofacial anomalies of individuals with DS needs to be investigated. Here, we successfully derived DS-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a Sendai virus vector. When DS-hiPSCs were induced to differentiate into the neural crest, we found that trisomy 21 (T21) did not influence cell proliferation or apoptosis. However, the migratory ability of differentiated cells was significantly compromised, thus resulting in a substantially lower number of postmigratory cranial neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) in the DS group than in the control group. We further discovered that the migration defects could be partially attributed to the triplication of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor gene (CXADR; an adhesion protein) in the DS group cells, since knockdown of CXADR substantially recovered the cell migratory ability and generation of postmigratory NCSCs in the DS group. Thus, the migratory deficits of neural crest cells may be an underlying cause of craniofacial dysmorphology in individuals with DS, which may suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention to ameliorate craniofacial or other neural crest-related anomalies in DS.
Planar aggregation of the influenza viral fusion peptide alters membrane structure and hydration, promoting poration
Authors: Rice Amy , Haldar Sourav , Wang Eric , Blank Paul S. , Akimov Sergey A. , Galimzyanov Timur R. , Pastor Richard W. , Zimmerberg Joshua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo infect, enveloped viruses employ spike protein, spearheaded by its amphipathic fusion peptide (FP), that upon activation extends out from the viral surface to embed into the target cellular membrane. Here we report that synthesized influenza virus FPs are membrane active, generating pores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV), and thus potentially explain both influenza virus’ hemolytic activity and the liposome poration seen in cryo-electron tomography. Experimentally, FPs are heterogeneously distributed on the GUV at the time of poration. Consistent with this heterogeneous distribution, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of asymmetric bilayers with different numbers of FPs in one leaflet show FP aggregation. At the center of FP aggregates, a profound change in the membrane structure results in thinning, higher water permeability, and curvature. Ultimately, a hybrid bilayer nanodomain forms with one lipidic leaflet and one peptidic leaflet. Membrane elastic theory predicts a reduced barrier to water pore formation when even a dimer of FPs thins the membrane as above, and the FPs of that dimer tilt, to continue the leaflet bending initiated by the hydrophobic mismatch between the FP dimer and the surrounding lipid.
Precise atom manipulation through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Chen I-Ju , Aapro Markus , Kipnis Abraham , Ilin Alexander , Liljeroth Peter , Foster Adam S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtomic-scale manipulation in scanning tunneling microscopy has enabled the creation of quantum states of matter based on artificial structures and extreme miniaturization of computational circuitry based on individual atoms. The ability to autonomously arrange atomic structures with precision will enable the scaling up of nanoscale fabrication and expand the range of artificial structures hosting exotic quantum states. However, the a priori unknown manipulation parameters, the possibility of spontaneous tip apex changes, and the difficulty of modeling tip-atom interactions make it challenging to select manipulation parameters that can achieve atomic precision throughout extended operations. Here we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to control the real-world atom manipulation process. Several state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) techniques are used jointly to boost data efficiency. The DRL agent learns to manipulate Ag adatoms on Ag(111) surfaces with optimal precision and is integrated with path planning algorithms to complete an autonomous atomic assembly system. The results demonstrate that state-of-the-art DRL can offer effective solutions to real-world challenges in nanofabrication and powerful approaches to increasingly complex scientific experiments at the atomic scale.
Study on corrosion, hydrogen permeation, and stress corrosion cracking behaviours of AISI 4135 steel in the tidal zone
Authors: Xu Yong , Huang Yanliang , Cai Fanfan , Lu Dongzhu , Wang Zhengquan , Wang Xiutong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh-strength steels are widely used in marine engineering; however, they suffer from the risks of corrosion, hydrogen permeation, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in wet–dry cyclic marine environments. In this study, the corrosion, hydrogen permeation, and SCC behaviours of AISI 4135 steel in the tidal zone were investigated using electrochemical corrosion, electrochemical hydrogen permeation, and slow strain rate tests, respectively, via field exposure. The results showed that the AISI 4135 steel sample placed at the high tide level had high SCC susceptibility because of severe pitting corrosion and hydrogen permeation, whereas the steel samples placed at the middle and low tide levels had low SCC susceptibilities. The dry/wet time ratio was crucial in determining the SCC behaviour and mechanism of the steel in the tidal zone. With increasing time ratio, the SCC mechanism changed from micro-void coalescence control to localised anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement in tandem.
Wuliangye Baijiu but not ethanol reduces cardiovascular disease risks in a zebrafish thrombosis model
Authors: Zhu Hui , Lan Chaohua , Zhao Dong , Wang Ning , Du Di , Luo Huibo , Lu Huiqiang , Peng Zhifu , Wang Yumeng , Qiao Zongwei , Huang Yong , Sun Baoguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding howBaijiufacilitates blood circulation and prevents blood stasis is crucial for revealing the mechanism ofBaijiufor cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Here we established a zebrafish thrombosis model induced using arachidonic acid (AA) to quantitatively evaluate the antithrombotic effect of WuliangyeBaijiu. The prevention and reduction effects of aspirin, Wuliangye, and ethanol on thrombosis were compared using imaging and molecular characterization. WuliangyeBaijiureduces thrombotic risks and oxidative stress in the AA-treated zebrafish, while ethanol with the same concentration has no similar effect. The prevention and reduction effects of Wuliangye on thrombosis are attributed to the change in the metabolic and signaling pathways related to platelet aggregation and adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
ER-associated RNA silencing promotes ER quality control
Authors: Efstathiou Sotirios , Ottens Franziska , Schütter Lena-Sophie , Ravanelli Sonia , Charmpilas Nikolaos , Gutschmidt Aljona , Le Pen Jérémie , Gehring Niels H. , Miska Eric A. , Bouças Jorge , Hoppe Thorsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) coordinates mRNA translation and processing of secreted and endomembrane proteins. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) prevents the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, but the physiological regulation of this process remains poorly characterized. Here, in a genetic screen using an ERAD model substrate in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified an anti-viral RNA interference pathway, referred to as ER-associated RNA silencing (ERAS), which acts together with ERAD to preserve ER homeostasis and function. Induced by ER stress, ERAS is mediated by the Argonaute protein RDE-1/AGO2, is conserved in mammals and promotes ER-associated RNA turnover. ERAS and ERAD are complementary, as simultaneous inactivation of both quality-control pathways leads to increased ER stress, reduced protein quality control and impaired intestinal integrity. Collectively, our findings indicate that ER homeostasis and organismal health are protected by synergistic functions of ERAS and ERAD.
FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2
Authors: Brevini Teresa , Maes Mailis , Webb Gwilym J. , John Binu V. , Fuchs Claudia D. , Buescher Gustav , Wang Lu , Griffiths Chelsea , Brown Marnie L. , Scott William E. , Pereyra-Gerber Pehuén , Gelson William T. H. , Brown Stephanie , Dillon Scott , Muraro Daniele , Sharp Jo , Neary Megan , Box Helen , Tatham Lee , Stewart James , Curley Paul , Pertinez Henry , Forrest Sally , Mlcochova Petra , Varankar Sagar S. , Darvish-Damavandi Mahnaz , Mulcahy Victoria L. , Kuc Rhoda E. , Williams Thomas L. , Heslop James A. , Rossetti Davide , Tysoe Olivia C. , Galanakis Vasileios , Vila-Gonzalez Marta , Crozier Thomas W. M. , Bargehr Johannes , Sinha Sanjay , Upponi Sara S. , Fear Corrina , Swift Lisa , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Davies Susan E. , Wester Axel , Hagström Hannes , Melum Espen , Clements Darran , Humphreys Peter , Herriott Jo , Kijak Edyta , Cox Helen , Bramwell Chloe , Valentijn Anthony , Illingworth Christopher J. R. ,   UK-PBC Consortium, Dahman Bassam , Bastaich Dustin R. , Ferreira Raphaella D. , Marjot Thomas , Barnes Eleanor , Moon Andrew M. , Barritt Alfred S. , Gupta Ravindra K. , Baker Stephen , Davenport Anthony P. , Corbett Gareth , Gorgoulis Vassilis G. , Buczacki Simon J. A. , Lee Joo-Hyeon , Matheson Nicholas J. , Trauner Michael , Fisher Andrew J. , Gibbs Paul , Butler Andrew J. , Watson Christopher J. E. , Mells George F. , Dougan Gordon , Owen Andrew , Lohse Ansgar W. , Vallier Ludovic , Sampaziotis Fotios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPreventing SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating viral host receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)1, could represent a new chemoprophylactic approach for COVID-19 that complements vaccination2,3. However, the mechanisms that control the expression of ACE2 remain unclear. Here we show that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a direct regulator of ACE2 transcription in several tissues affected by COVID-19, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. We then use the over-the-counter compound z-guggulsterone and the off-patent drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to reduce FXR signalling and downregulate ACE2 in human lung, cholangiocyte and intestinal organoids and in the corresponding tissues in mice and hamsters. We show that the UDCA-mediated downregulation of ACE2 reduces susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, in vivo and in human lungs and livers perfused ex situ. Furthermore, we reveal that UDCA reduces the expression of ACE2 in the nasal epithelium in humans. Finally, we identify a correlation between UDCA treatment and positive clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection using retrospective registry data, and confirm these findings in an independent validation cohort of recipients of liver transplants. In conclusion, we show that FXR has a role in controlling ACE2 expression and provide evidence that modulation of this pathway could be beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection, paving the way for future clinical trials.