bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic properties of Tb3+ as an ion for visible lasers
Authors: Kalusniak Sascha , Castellano-Hernández Elena , Yalçinoğlu Hasan , Tanaka Hiroki , Kränkel Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, Tb3+-based solid-state lasers with emission in the green and yellow have seen a revival. This was owed to the availability of blue emitting semiconductor-based pump sources and recent findings, which reported more than 60% slope efficiency in the green and about 25% slope efficiency in the yellow. In this paper we review the state of the art of Tb3+-based solid-state lasers. We summarize the spectroscopic properties and present new insights, which enable us to provide valuable guidelines and recommendations for the choice of host materials to further improve the performance of Tb3+-based solid-state lasers.
Fitness, physical activity, and exercise in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review on current evidence for interactions with disease activity and progression
Authors: Proschinger Sebastian , Kuhwand Puya , Rademacher Annette , Walzik David , Warnke Clemens , Zimmer Philipp , Joisten Niklas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
A moderate to high level of physical activity, including regular exercise, represents an established behavioral and rehabilitative approach for persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Although being increasingly proposed to limit disease activity and progression, high-quality evidence is lacking.

Objective
The objective of the study is to provide valuable information for MS clinicians and researchers by systematically evaluating the current state of evidence (i) whether exercise interventions affect established clinical measures of disease activity and progression in pwMS (i.e., EDSS, relapse rate, lesion load, brain volume, MSFC) and (ii) how the physical activity and fitness level interact with these measures.

Methods
Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. Evaluation of evidence quality was done based on standards published by The American Academy of Neurology.

Results
It is likely that exercise improves the MSFC score, whereas the EDSS score, lesion load, and brain volume are likely to remain unchanged over the intervention period. It is possible that exercise decreases the relapse rate. Results from cross-sectional studies indicate beneficial effects of a high physical activity or fitness level on clinical measures which, however, is not corroborated by high evidence quality.

Conclusions
A (supportive) disease-modifying effect of exercise in pwMS cannot be concluded. The rather low evidence quality of existing RCTs underlines the need to conduct more well-designed studies assessing different measures of disease activity or progression as primary end points. A major limitation is the short intervention duration of existing studies which limits meaningful exercise-induced effects on most disability measures. Findings from cross-sectional studies are difficult to contextualize regarding clinical importance due to their solely associative character and low evidence quality.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020188774.
Personalizing decision-making for persons with Parkinson’s disease: where do we stand and what to improve?
Authors: van den Heuvel Lieneke , Meinders Marjan J. , Post Bart , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Stiggelbout Anne M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe large variety in symptoms and treatment effects across different persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) warrants a personalized approach, ensuring that the best decision is made for each individual. We aimed to further clarify this process of personalized decision-making, from the perspective of medical professionals.MethodsWe audio-taped 52 consultations with PD patients and their neurologist or PD nurse-specialist, in 6 outpatient clinics. We focused coding of the transcripts on which decisions were made and on if and how decisions were personalized. We subsequently interviewed professionals to elaborate on how and why decisions were personalized, and which decisions would benefit most from a more personalized approach.ResultsMost decisions were related to medication, referral or lifestyle. Professionals balanced clinical factors, including individual (disease-) characteristics, and non-clinical factors, including patients’ preference, for each type of decision. These factors were often not explicitly discussed with the patient. Professionals experienced difficulties in personalizing decisions, mostly because evidence on the impact of characteristics of an individual patient on the outcome of the decision is unavailable. Categories of decisions for which professionals emphasized the importance of a more personalized perspective include choices not only for medication and advanced treatments, but also for referrals, lifestyle and diagnosis.ConclusionsClinical decision-making is a complex process, influenced by many different factors that differ for each decision and for each individual. In daily practice, it proves difficult to tailor decisions to individual (disease-) characteristics, probably because sufficient evidence on the impact of these individual characteristics on outcomes is lacking.
Transcript profiles of wild and domesticated sorghum under water-stressed conditions and the differential impact on dhurrin metabolism
Authors: Ananda Galaihalage K. S. , Norton Sally L. , Blomstedt Cecilia , Furtado Agnelo , Møller Birger Lindberg , Gleadow Roslyn , Henry Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Australian native species of sorghum contain negligible amounts of dhurrin in their leaves and the cyanogenesis process is regulated differently under water-stress in comparison to domesticated sorghum species.

Abstract
Cyanogenesis in forage sorghum is a major concern in agriculture as the leaves of domesticated sorghum are potentially toxic to livestock, especially at times of drought which induces increased production of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. The wild sorghum species endemic to Australia have a negligible content of dhurrin in the above ground tissues and thus represent a potential resource for key agricultural traits like low toxicity. In this study we investigated the differential expression of cyanogenesis related genes in the leaf tissue of the domesticated species Sorghum bicolor and the Australian native wild species Sorghum macrospermum grown in glasshouse-controlled water-stress conditions using RNA-Seq analysis to analyse gene expression. The study identified genes, including those in the cyanogenesis pathway, that were differentially regulated in response to water-stress in domesticated and wild sorghum. In the domesticated sorghum, dhurrin content was significantly higher compared to that in the wild sorghum and increased with stress and decreased with age whereas in wild sorghum the dhurrin content remained negligible. The key genes in dhurrin biosynthesis, CYP79A1, CYP71E1 and UGT85B1, were shown to be highly expressed in S. bicolor. DHR and HNL encoding the dhurrinase and α-hydroxynitrilase catalysing bio-activation of dhurrin were also highly expressed in S. bicolor. Analysis of the differences in expression of cyanogenesis related genes between domesticated and wild sorghum species may allow the use of these genetic resources to produce more acyanogenic varieties in the future.
Health care transition from pediatric to adult care: an evidence-based guideline
Authors: Pape Lars , Ernst Gundula 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor consistent quality of treatment of young people with chronic health care needs, a structured health care transition (HCT) from pediatric medicine to adult medical care is essential. Currently, most countries have no guidelines on HCT based on systematic evidence research. To close this gap, guidance to support HCT was developed in Germany. Twenty-two experts in the management of adolescents and young adults with different chronic conditions and three patient representatives were invited to take part in the guideline group. Based on a systematic literature search recommendations for HCT were drafted. Where evidence was lacking, recommendations were developed using collective expert consensus. The consensus process was independently moderated using a Delphi approach. The final draft was reviewed and endorsed by all major German medical societies. The clinical recommendations provide guidance for all chronic somatic diseases. After assessment of HCT readiness, an individualized plan for HCT should be drawn up. Key elements here are a responsible coordinator, age-adapted patient education, involvement of caregivers, web-based interventions, joint visits, and a structured summary for the receiving physician. The aim is the gradual transfer of responsibility for disease management to the young person themselves. Conclusion: As only a few randomized controlled studies on HCT are available, evidence-based statements are possible for some but not all areas of HCT. However, this guideline may help to develop globally accepted standards. These standards should be established and implemented. The aim should be a reimbursement by individual national health systems to allow appropriate support for young people.

What is Known:• Health care transition from pediatric to adult care is primarily organized in local settings, partly based on disease-specific guidelines.•There have been no national guidelines in Germany until now.

What is New:• Here we present the general evidence-based guidelines of the German Association of Scientific Medical Societies for health care transition.• These might serve as a blueprint for further national or international health care transition guidelines.
Exercise medicine for cancer cachexia: targeted exercise to counteract mechanisms and treatment side effects
Authors: Mavropalias Georgios , Sim Marc , Taaffe Dennis R. , Galvão Daniel A. , Spry Nigel , Kraemer William J. , Häkkinen Keijo , Newton Robert U. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and amplify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of these modes and subtypes to identify the most optimal form and dosage of exercise therapy specific to each underlying mechanism of CC.

Methods
The relevant literatures from MEDLINE and Scopus databases were examined.

Results
Exercise can counteract the most prominent mechanisms and signs of CC including muscle wasting, increased protein turnover, systemic inflammation, reduced appetite and anorexia, increased energy expenditure and fat wasting, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, hypogonadism, impaired oxidative capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cancer treatments side-effects. There are different modes of exercise, and each mode has different sub-types that induce vastly diverse changes when performed over multiple sessions. Choosing suboptimal exercise modes, types, or dosages can be counterproductive and could further contribute to the mechanisms of CC without impacting muscle growth.

Conclusion
Available evidence shows that patients with CC can safely undertake higher-intensity resistance exercise programs, and benefit from increases in body mass and muscle mass.
A Novel Balloon Catheter-based Dilation Intervention for Patients with Cricopharyngeus Achalasia After Stroke: A Randomized Study
Authors: Hu Tingting , Cai Yeyu , Shen Zhaohui , Chen Ailian , Wu Yacen , Song Tao , Liu Jia , Liu Chujuan , Gong Fanghua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel balloon catheter in dilation intervention for patients with cricopharyngeus achalasia after stroke. Thirty-four patients with cricopharyngeus achalasia after stroke received routine swallowing rehabilitation training and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (Exp, n = 17) that received dilation therapy using the novel balloon catheter once daily for 5 days per week or a control group (Con, n = 17) that received dilation therapy with a 14-Fr ordinary urinary catheter once daily for 5 days per week. The intervention duration, Eating Assessment Tool (EAT)-10 scores, and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores were recorded at baseline and each day during intervention. The time for a patient’s FOIS score to be ≥ 3 as well as the recovery time for oral intake of water, liquid food, mushy food, and solid food were recorded or estimated. Complications were also recorded during intervention. The intervention duration was shorter in the Exp group than in the Con group (p = 0.005). The Exp group patients improved faster than the Con group patients, with a shorter recovery time for oral intake of liquid food (p = 0.002), mushy food (p = 0.001), and solid food (p = 0.001). At the time of intervention termination, EAT-10 scores were lower in the Exp group than in the Con group (p = 0.005). The Exp group had a similar incidence of complications as the Con group but with better tolerability (p = 0.028). Compared with the urinary catheter, the novel balloon catheter for dilation in patients with cricopharyngeus achalasia after stroke may lead to a better and more rapid recovery.
Influence of stigma, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on mental health-related service use and associated costs among young people in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ribeiro Wagner Silva , Romeo Renee , King Derek , Owens Shanise , Gronholm Petra C. , Fisher Helen L. , Laurens Kristin R. , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examined the influence of stigma, psychopathology, and sociodemographic characteristics on mental health-related service use and costs related to service use in a cohort of young people in the UK. Using data from a community sample of young people aged 9–17 years and their caregivers, we assessed 407 young people’s use of services due to mental health problems, young people’s psychopathology, demographic characteristics, maternal education and caregivers’ stigma-related beliefs. Unit costs related to services were gathered from national annual compendia and other widely used sources. We assessed predictors of service use through logistic regression analysis and developed generalised linear models to identify factors associated with costs of mental health-related service utilisation. Persistent psychopathology, socioeconomic disadvantage, and low caregiver intended stigma-related behaviour were associated with increased likelihood of service use among young people. Older age and socioeconomic disadvantage were associated with increased costs. Different factors influenced contact with services and the cost associated with their use — persistent psychopathology and socioeconomic disadvantage increased, and caregivers’ intended stigma-related behaviour decreased the likelihood of using services, whereas socioeconomic disadvantage and older age were associated with increased costs. Social determinants of mental health problems play an important role in the use and costs of different types of mental health-related services for young people. Discordance between drivers of service use and costs implies that young people who are more likely to access services due to mental health problems do not necessarily receive care at the intensity they need.
Clinical evaluation of efficacy of intralesional platelet-rich plasma injection versus 1064 nm long-pulsed Neodymium:YAG laser in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris in adolescent and post-adolescent patients: a prospective randomized split-face comparative study
Authors: Moftah Nayera Hassan , Mansour Aya Muhammad , Ibrahim Shady Mahmoud Attia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge numbers of local and systemic therapies are available for acne treatment. Common oral or topical retinoids, antibiotics, or keratolytics are used but sometimes are inconvenient, and side effects caused by these conventional therapies prompted a search for effective and safe treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional platelet-rich plasma injection versus 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris in both adolescents and post-adolescent patients. This split-face comparative study was carried out on thirty patients who suffered from moderate inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne vulgaris. The patients were classified into two groups: group I: adolescent (≤ 25 years) and group II: post-adolescent (< 25 years). Each group received four sessions of intralesional PRP injection on one side of the face and a long-pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser on the other side with 2 weeks interval. Evaluation was done by blinded dermatologists using photographs and lesions counting and by patient satisfaction. Side effects were also noted. Both groups (adolescents and post-adolescent) showed a high statistically significant improvement of inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory lesions either in PRP or Nd:YAG laser–treated side with no significant difference between the two sides. The intralesional PRP injection and 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser are safe and effective methods for controlling inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory acne vulgaris in both adolescents and post-adolescent patients.
Polynomial and horizontally polynomial functions on Lie groups
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Le Donne Enrico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe generalize both the notion of polynomial functions on Lie groups and the notion of horizontally affine maps on Carnot groups. We fix a subset S of the algebra $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
of left-invariant vector fields on a Lie group $${\mathbb {G}}$$
G
and we assume that S Lie generates $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
. We say that a function $$f:{\mathbb {G}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

f
:
G
→
R

(or more generally a distribution on $${\mathbb {G}}$$
G
) is S-polynomial if for all $$X\in S$$

X
∈
S

there exists $$k\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

k
∈
N

such that the iterated derivative $$X^k f$$

X
k

f

is zero in the sense of distributions. First, we show that all S-polynomial functions (as well as distributions) are represented by analytic functions and, if the exponent k in the previous definition is independent on $$X\in S$$

X
∈
S

, they form a finite-dimensional vector space. Second, if $${\mathbb {G}}$$
G
is connected and nilpotent, we show that S-polynomial functions are polynomial functions in the sense of Leibman. The same result may not be true for non-nilpotent groups. Finally, we show that in connected nilpotent Lie groups, being polynomial in the sense of Leibman, being a polynomial in exponential chart, and the vanishing of mixed derivatives of some fixed degree along directions of $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
are equivalent notions.
Primary Health Professionals’ Beliefs, Experiences, and Willingness to Treat Minor-Attracted Persons
Authors: Lievesley Rebecca , Swaby Helen , Harper Craig A. , Woodward Ellie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a desire and need among minor-attracted persons (MAPs) to access support within the community, and this often begins with an approach to healthcare providers working in general medical/mental health settings. However, little is known about the experiences of these non-specialist professionals in relation to their beliefs, knowledge, and decision-making processes when working with patients who disclose sexual attractions to children. Using an online survey, this study explored the knowledge, comfort, competence, and treatment willingness of 220 non-specialist healthcare providers when faced with patients who disclose sexual attractions to children. We investigated how often such disclosures were made, clinician stigma, treatment priorities, and professionals’ willingness to report MAPs to external agencies because of their sexual attractions. Some key differences were found when comparing primary medical vs. mental health professionals, including increased likelihood to view MAPs as dangerous, unable to control behaviors and that sexual attractions are an avoidable choice, in the former group. Both groups prioritized mental health treatment targets above controlling attractions and living with stigmatized attractions, although controlling or changing attractions were still relatively high priorities. Results indicated a need for further training, focusing on increasing comfort around working with MAPs, as this was associated with a greater willingness to work with this group. We identify current gaps in service provision for MAPs seeking professional support and discuss recommendations for professional training.
Social Work Responses to Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences and Perspectives of Professionals at Women’s Shelters in Sweden
Authors: Petersson Charlotte C. , Hansson Kristofer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explores how social work professionals at women’s shelters in Sweden experience, understand, and are responding to domestic violence under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative longitudinal research design was employed, and multiple semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 professionals at women’s shelters over a period of one year. The results are presented in three overall themes; (a) professional challenges due to increased needs, (b) professionals’ adjustments to new circumstances, and (c) professionals’ attributions regarding client barriers to help seeking. The results show diverse and changing experiences among the professionals as the pandemic progressed. Clients and professionals have shared the same collective trauma associated with the pandemic, which has affected the professionals’ understanding of and response to domestic violence. The professionals understand both clients and themselves as being more vulnerable and susceptible to risk under these new circumstances. Social work adjustments focused on maintaining contact, reducing risk and prioritizing safety, which had both positive and negative consequences for both clients and professionals. The study concludes that the professionals coped with the uncertainty they experienced during the pandemic by relying on both their previous knowledge and work experience of domestic violence and their experience of sharing trauma with clients.