bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multivariate cox regression model for complete enteral nutrition after primary anastomosis in neonates with intestinal atresia
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhu Le-dao , Zhou Ling , Guan Ai-hui , Wang Zhi-yong , Xiao Dong , Ma Xiao-peng , Ren Feng 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveEnteral feeding after intestinal atresia has always been a concern for clinicians. But the present studies mainly focused on single factors. This research aimed to comprehensively analyze the multiple factors on complete enteral nutrition after primary anastomosis, and establish the convenient prediction model.MethodsWe retrospectively collected reliable information in neonates with intestinal atresia form January 2010 to June 2022. The cox regression analysis was performed to select independent risk factors and develop nomogram. Subsequently, ROC curve, calibration curve and decision curve were drawn to thoroughly evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the model.ResultsThe predictors finally included in the model were gestational age, meconium peritonitis, distance from the anastomosis to the ileocecal region, diameter ratio of proximal to distal bowels, and time of initial feeding. The nomogram of predicting the probability of week 2, week 3 and week 4 was drawn and their area under the curve were 0.765, 0.785 and 0.747, respectively. Similarly, calibration and decision curve indicated that the prediction model had a great prediction performance.ConclusionThe clinical value of predictive models can be recognized. The hope is that the predictive model can help pediatricians reduce hospital costs and parental anxiety.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of dexmedetomidine for postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Rui , Sun Shujun , Li Yufan , Dou Xiaoke , Dai Maosha , Wu Yan , Lin Yun 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA).Measurements: Two investigators independently searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and CBM for randomized controlled trials of DEX for PCIA.Main results: Thirty-seven studies with a total of 5,409 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with analgesics alone, DEX for PCIA reduced pain score at 24 h [mean difference (MD) = −0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.85, −0.54; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 90%] and 48 h postoperatively (MD = −0.43; 95% CI: −0.52, −0.34; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 96%). Moreover, DEX reduced analgesics consumption during the first 24 h [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.25; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.16; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 91%] and the number of resuscitation analgesics administered [odds ratio (OR) = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.66; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 72%]. Furthermore, DEX improved patient satisfaction (OR = 3.55; 95% CI: 2.36, 5.35; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 60%), and reduced incidence of side effects, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.57; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 59%) and pruritus after surgery (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.68; p = 0.0001, I2 = 0%). Besides, DEX attenuates inflammatory cytokine levels, such as IL-6 (MD = −5.73; 95% CI: −8.34, −3.12; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 91%) and TNF-α (MD = −0.63; 95% CI: −0.76, −0.50; p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 89%). Finally, DEX increased the risk of bradycardia (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.45; p = 0.01, I2 = 15%), but the complication of hypotension did not differ between the two groups (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.84, 2.04; p = 0.25, I2 = 0%).Conclusion: DEX is used for postoperative PCIA analgesia, which can significantly improve the analgesic effect, effectively control postoperative inflammatory response, reduce the dosage and adverse reactions of analgesics, and improve postoperative patient satisfaction. Of course, the impact of the immunosuppressive effect of DEX on the prognosis of patients needs further study.Systematic review registration: CRD42022340933, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
First-in-human study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of DS002, an anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody
Authors: Ma Tingting , Cao Bei , Huang Lei , Yang Yuanxun , Geng Yan , Xie Pinhao , Zhao Yu , Lin Hui , Wang Kun , Wang Chunhe , Sun Runbin , Li Juan 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of DS002 injection, an anti-nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) monoclonal antibody for treating pain conditions, in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods: This study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose escalation, placebo-controlled design (CTR20210155). A total of 53 healthy subjects, 27 male and 26 female, were enrolled in this study, and one subject withdrew from the study before administration. Seven dose groups were set up, which were 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 7.0 mg, 12.0 mg and 20.0 mg, respectively. The drug was administered by single subcutaneous injection. Four subjects were enrolled in the first dose group (0.5 mg) received DS002. Other dose groups enrolled eight subjects each, six of whom received DS002 while the other two received a placebo. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic parameters and immunogenicity of DS002 were assessed.Results: DS002 was well tolerated; all adverse events were Grade 1–2, and did not reach the termination standard of dose increment within the range of 0.5–20.0 mg. Adverse event rates were generally similar across treatments. After a single subcutaneous injection, the median Tmax in different dose groups ranged 167.77–337.38 h; mean t1/2 ranged 176.80–294.23 h, the volume of distribution (Vz) ranged 5265.42–7212.00 ml, and the clearance rate (CL) ranged 12.69–24.75 ml/h. In the dose range of 0.5–20.0 mg, Cmax ranged from 51.83 ± 22.74 ng/ml to 2048.86 ± 564.78 ng/ml, AUC0-t ranged from 20615.16 ± 5698.28 h·ng/mL to 1669608.11 ± 387246.36 h·ng/mL, and AUC0-inf ranged from 21852.45 ± 5920.21 h·ng/mL to 1673504.66 ± 389106.13 h·ng/mL. They all increased with dose escalation, and Cmax and AUC0-t did not have a significant dose-linear relationship, whilst AUC0-t was not dose-dependent at all. anti-drug antibody test results of each group of all subjects in this trial were negative.Conclusion: DS002 showed satisfactory safety within the dose range of 0.5 mg–20.0 mg. The absorption and metabolism of DS002 were slow, it exhibited a low volume of distribution and the clearance rate was low. These data suggest that DS002, by blocking nerve growth factor, is expected to become a novel, safe and non-addictive treatment for pain conditions.
Regularity and mechanism of fake crackle noise in an electronic stethoscope
Authors: Ye Peitao , Li Qiasheng , Jian Wenhua , Liu Shuyi , Tan Lunfang , Chen Wenya , Zhang Dongying , Zheng Jinping 
Published: December 2022

Background:Electronic stethoscopes are widely used for cardiopulmonary auscultation; their audio recordings are used for the intelligent recognition of cardiopulmonary sounds. However, they generate noise similar to a crackle during use, significantly interfering with clinical diagnosis. This paper will discuss the causes, characteristics, and occurrence rules of the fake crackle and establish a reference for improving the reliability of the electronic stethoscope in lung auscultation.Methods:A total of 56 participants with healthy lungs (no underlying pulmonary disease, no recent respiratory symptoms, and no adventitious lung sound, as confirmed by an acoustic stethoscope) were enrolled in this study. A 30-s audio recording was recorded from each of the nine locations of the larynx and lungs of each participant with a 3M Littmann 3200 electronic stethoscope, and the audio was output in diaphragm mode and auscultated by the clinician. The doctor identified the fake crackles and analyzed their frequency spectrum. High-pass and low-pass filters were used to detect the frequency distribution of the fake crackles. Finally, the fake crackle was artificially regenerated to explore its causes.Results:A total of 500 audio recordings were included in the study, with 61 fake crackle audio recordings. Fake crackles were found predominantly in the lower lung. There were significant differences between lower lung and larynx (p&lt; 0.001), lower lung and upper lung (p= 0.005), lower lung and middle lung (p= 0.005), and lower lung and infrascapular region (p= 0.027). Furthermore, more than 90% of fake crackles appeared in the inspiratory phase, similar to fine crackles, significantly interfering with clinical diagnosis. The spectral analysis revealed that the frequency range of fake crackles was approximately 250–1950 Hz. The fake crackle was generated when the diaphragm of the electronic stethoscope left the skin slightly but not completely.Conclusion:Fake crackles are most likely to be heard when using an electronic stethoscope to auscultate bilateral lower lungs, and the frequency of a fake crackle is close to that of a crackle, likely affecting the clinician’s diagnosis.
The modified biochars influence nutrient and osmotic statuses and hormonal signaling of mint plants under fluoride and cadmium toxicities
Authors: Farhangi-Abriz Salar , Ghassemi-Golezani Kazem 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionChemically modified biochars are a new generation of biochars that have a great ability to absorb and stabilize environmental pollutants. In this research, the physiological performance of mint plants (Mentha crispa L.) under fluoride and cadmium toxicities and biochar treatments was evaluated.MethodsFour levels of soil toxicities including non-toxic, 600 mg NaF kg-1 soil, 60 mg Cd kg-1 soil, and 600 mg NaF kg-1 soil + 60 mg Cd kg-1 soil were applied. The biochar addition to the soil was 25 g kg-1 (non-biochar, solid biochar, H2O2, KOH, and H3PO4-modified biochars).ResultsThe results showed that the application of biochar and especially chemically modified biochars reduced fluoride (about 15-37%) and cadmium (30-52%) contents in mint leaves, while increased soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrogen (12-35%), phosphorus (16-59%), potassium (17-52%), calcium (19-47%), magnesium (28-77%), iron (37-114%), zinc (45-226%), photosynthetic pigments of leaves and plant biomass (about 10-25%) under toxic conditions.DiscussionThe biochar-related treatments reduced the osmotic stress and osmolytes content (proline, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates) in plant leaves. Plant leaf water content was increased by solid and modified biochar, up to 8% in toxic conditions. Furthermore, these treatments reduced the production of stress hormones [abscisic acid (27-55%), salicylic acid (31-50%), and jasmonic acid (6-12%)], but increased indole-3-acetic acid (14-31%) in plants under fluoride and cadmium stresses. Chemically modified biochars reduced fluoride and cadmium contents of plant leaves by about 20% and 22%, respectively, compared to solid biochar.ConclusionThis result clearly shows the superiority of modified biochars in protecting plants from soil pollutants.
Comparing the psychometric properties of two primary school Computational Thinking (CT) assessments for grades 3 and 4: The Beginners' CT test (BCTt) and the competent CT test (cCTt)
Authors: El-Hamamsy Laila , Zapata-Cáceres María , Marcelino Pedro , Bruno Barbara , Dehler Zufferey Jessica , Martín-Barroso Estefanía , Román-González Marcos 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionWith the increasing amount of research around Computational Thinking (CT) and endeavors introducing CT into curricula worldwide, assessing CT at all levels of formal education is of utmost importance to ensure that CT-related learning objectives are met. This has contributed to a progressive increase in the number of validated and reliable CT assessments for K-12, including primary school. Researchers and practitioners are thus required to choose among multiple instruments, often overlapping in their age validity.MethodsIn this study, we compare the psychometric properties of two of these instruments: the Beginners' CT test (BCTt), developed for grades 1–6, and the competent CT test (cCTt), validated for grades 3–4. Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were employed on data acquired from 575 students in grades 3–4 to compare the properties of the two instruments and refine the limits of their validity.ResultsThe findings (i) establish the detailed psychometric properties of the BCTt in grades 3–4 for the first time, and (ii) through a comparison with students from the same country, indicate that the cCTt should be preferred for grades 3–4 as the cCTt is able to discriminate between students of low and medium ability. Conversely, while the BCTt, which is easier, shows a ceiling effect, it is better suited to discriminate between students in the low ability range. For these grades, the BCTt can thus be employed as a screening mechanism to identify low ability students.DiscussionIn addition to providing recomendations for use of these instruments, the findings highlight the importance of comparing the psychometric properties of existing assessments, so that researchers and practitioners, including teachers and policy makers involved in digital education curricular reforms, may take informed decisions when selecting assessments.
Mediating effect of workplace violence on the relationship between empathy and professional identity among nursing students
Authors: Wang Liping , Li Haiyang , Chen Qiongni , Fang Chunhua , Cao Lifang , Zhu Li 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundStudies have reported that empathy had a positive effect on professional identity (PI) in nursing students. However, little was known about the mechanism underlying this relationship between empathy and professional identity in nursing students.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze in depth the mediating effect of workplace violence (WVP) between empathy and professional identity in nursing students.MethodsA total of 405 nursing students participated and were investigated using the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professional (JSE-HP), the scale of professional identity about nursing students, and the workplace violence Incident Survey in this study. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the mediating effect of workplace violence on the relationship between empathy and professional identity among nursing students.ResultsThe score of nursing students' professional identity was 103.69 ± 17.79. Workplace violence had a significant negative correlation with empathy (r = −0.449, P &lt; 0.001) and professional identity (r = −0.330, P &lt; 0.001). Workplace violence accounted for 14.59% of the total mediating effect on the relationship between empathy and professional identity for nursing students.ConclusionsIn this study, the level of professional identity of nursing students was low. Workplace violence had a partially significantly mediating effect on the relationship between empathy and professional identity. Maybe, it was suggested that nursing students' professional identity might be improved and driven by a decrease in workplace violence. Targeted interventions at reducing nursing students' workplace violence should be developed and implemented. In addition, nursing managers and educators should be aware of the importance of empathy and improve professional identity in nursing students.
Short-chain fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia and ultra-high risk population
Authors: Peng Huiqing , Ouyang Lijun , Li David , Li Zongchang , Yuan Liu , Fan Lejia , Liao Aijun , Li Jinguang , Wei Yisen , Yang Zihao , Ma Xiaoqian , Chen Xiaogang , He Ying 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIndividuals who experience the prodromal phase of schizophrenia (SCZ), a common and complex psychiatric disorder, are referred to as ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is imperative in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and brain function. Accumulating amount of evidence shows the connections between psychiatric disorders and SCFAs. This study aims to explore the underlying roles SCFAs play in SCZ by investigating the association of alterations in SCFAs concentrations with common cognitive functions in both the SCZ and UHR populations.MethodsThe study recruited 59 SCZ patients (including 15 participants converted from the UHR group), 51 UHR participants, and 40 healthy controls (HC) within a complete follow-up of 2 years. Results of cognitive functions, which were assessed by utilizing HVLT-R and TMT, and serum concentrations of SCFAs were obtained for all participants and for UHR individuals at the time of their conversion to SCZ.ResultsFifteen UHR participants converted to SCZ within a 2-year follow-up. Valeric acid concentration levels were lower in both the baseline of UHR individuals whom later converted to SCZ (p = 0.046) and SCZ patients (p = 0.036) than the HC group. Additionally, there were lower concentrations of caproic acid in the baseline of UHR individuals whom later transitioned to SCZ (p = 0.019) and the UHR group (p = 0.016) than the HC group. Furthermore, the caproic acid levels in the UHR group are significantly positively correlated with immediate memory (r = 0.355, p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with TMT-B (r = -0.366, p = 0.009). Significant differences in levels of acetic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid were absent among the three groups and in UHR individuals before and after transition to SCZ.ConclusionOur study suggests that alterations in concentrations of SCFAs may be associated with the pathogenesis and the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Further researches are warranted to explore this association. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.
Diet self-management: A qualitative study of college students' experiences and perspectives
Authors: Zhou Li , Chu Yalin , Wei Lai , Wang Jing , Zhu Xiaorong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundOverweight and obesity among college students have become an emergent public health concern, which may be effectively prevented by diet self-management (DSM). The purpose of this explorative study was to explore college students' experiences and perspectives on diet self-management (DSM), as well as its influencing factors.MethodThirty-three college students were recruited from different universities in China. A qualitative method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with audio recording to explore their DSM experience and factors that influence DSM. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to develop themes related to DSM.ResultIn the perception of what "good DSM" means, three themes and ten subthemes were identified: characteristics of good DSM (including 5 subthemes: regularity, balanced diet, no picky eating, good eating habits, and scientificity), method of good DSM (including three subthemes: self-control, adjusting, and making plans), and content of good DSM (including two subthemes: nutrition management and safety management). The influencing factors of DSM can be categorized into four levels of themes and 34 subthemes: individual, family, school, and social levels.ConclusionThe results of this qualitative research highlighted the complexity and multi-dimension of DSM and its influencing factors. Our findings may help to inform diverse and needs-based intervention approaches to improve DSM and promote healthy diet among college students so as to prevent overweight and obesity.
The effects of laser procedure in symptomatic patients with haemorrhoids: A systematic review
Authors: Torrinha Gonçalo , Gonçalves Tatiana , Sousa Maria , Högemann Gerrit , Goulart André , Carvalho Alexandre Fernandes , Leão Pedro 
Published: December 2022

PurposeHaemorrhoids are normal structures in the human body, only seen as pathological when symptomatic. Nowadays, new techniques have surfaced using a diode laser which, after locating the target arteries, blocks the blood flow while hitting and shrinking the local mucosa/submucosa at a depth of 4 mm. Our work aimed to give a broad view over this new technique and its consequences in the post-operative follow-up with a systematic review.MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE databases were consulted, retrieving clinical trials, which mentioned the use of 980 nm diode laser on the treatment of haemorrhoids.ResultsTen clinical trials analyzing the post-operative effects of laser haemorrhoidectomy were selected, including 2 randomized controlled clinical trials and 1 controlled clinical trial. The overall quality of the trials was low, indicating a high risk of bias.ConclusionThe laser haemorrhoidectomy procedure revealed a high therapeutic potential, considering the reduced number of postoperative complaints (bleeding/pain), the high symptom resolution and the reduced recurrence, albeit the high heterogeneity between the studies in terms of reported results. Future investigations with higher quality and controlled double-blinded studies obtaining better-categorized results should be conducted in order to better evaluate this procedure and compare it to the current paradigm.
Phenotypic characterization of idiopathic epilepsy and epilepsy of unknown cause in Irish Setters
Authors: Plonek Marta , Diaz-Espineira Montse M. , Stassen Quirine E. M. , Santifort Koen M. , Leegwater Peter A. J. , Mandigers Paul J. J. 
Published: December 2022

Canine epileptic seizures are common neurological symptom presenting to veterinary practice. Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with a suspected genetic background has been reported in several dog breeds. Although it has been reported in the Irish Setter (IS), the phenotypic characteristics have not yet been described. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of IE in this breed and to trace its mode of inheritance.Owners of IS were requested to fill in a questionnaire via the Dutch Irish Setter Club concerning the epileptic seizures in their dogs. The data was assessed retrospectively using descriptive statistics. Forty-eight privately owned IS dogs fulfilling tier I criteria for IE according to the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force of both sexes were included in the study. The mean age of seizure onset was 41 months. Five of the dogs included in the study had an onset of seizures &gt;6 years of age. These dogs were classified with epilepsy of unknown cause (EUC). Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common type of seizure and were seen in almost all dogs. Cluster seizures were reported in 54% of the studied population. Most owners reported pre- (56%) and post-ictal (97%) signs in their dogs. A pedigree analysis of one subpopulation was performed and traced the lineage of 13 affected IS. A segregation analysis of this population rejected a simple autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The present study supports the occurrence of IE and EUC in the IS. The results provide clinical insight into epileptic seizures in this breed and may be a starting point for further, including genetic, analysis.