bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ergodic theorem for the weighted ensemble method
Authors: Aristoff David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study weighted ensemble, an interacting particle method for sampling distributions of Markov chains that has been used in computational chemistry since the 1990s. Many important applications of weighted ensemble require the computation of long time averages. We establish the consistency of weighted ensemble in this setting by proving an ergodic theorem for time averages. As part of the proof, we derive explicit variance formulas that could be useful for optimizing the method.
On the continuity of Pickands constants
Authors: Dębicki Krzysztof , Hashorva Enkelejd , Michna Zbigniew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor a non-negative separable random field Z(t),
$t\in \mathbb{R}^d$
, satisfying some mild assumptions, we show that
$ H_Z^\delta =\lim_{{T} \to \infty} ({1}/{T^d}) \mathbb{E}\{{\sup_{ t\in [0,T]^d \cap \delta \mathbb{Z}^d } Z(t) }\} <\infty$
for
$\delta \ge 0$
, where
$0 \mathbb{Z}^d\,:\!=\,\mathbb{R}^d$
, and prove that
$H_Z^0$
can be approximated by
$H_Z^\delta$
if
$\delta$
tends to 0. These results extend the classical findings for Pickands constants
$H_{Z}^\delta$
, defined for
$Z(t)= \exp( \sqrt{ 2} B_\alpha (t)- \lvert {t} \rvert^{2\alpha })$
,
$t\in \mathbb{R}$
, with
$B_\alpha$
a standard fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter
$\alpha \in (0,1]$
. The continuity of
$H_{Z}^\delta$
at
$\delta=0$
is additionally shown for two particular extensions of Pickands constants.
Polls, Context, and Time: A Dynamic Hierarchical Bayesian Forecasting Model for US Senate Elections
Authors: Chen Yehu , Garnett Roman , Montgomery Jacob M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a hierarchical Dirichlet regression model with Gaussian process priors that enables accurate and well-calibrated forecasts for U.S. Senate elections at varying time horizons. This Bayesian model provides a balance between predictions based on time-dependent opinion polls and those made based on fundamentals. It also provides uncertainty estimates that arise naturally from historical data on elections and polls. Experiments show that our model is highly accurate and has a well calibrated coverage rate for vote share predictions at various forecasting horizons. We validate the model with a retrospective forecast of the 2018 cycle as well as a true out-of-sample forecast for 2020. We show that our approach achieves state-of-the art accuracy and coverage despite relying on few covariates.
Long-term risk for mental health symptoms in Dutch ISAF veterans: the role of perceived social support
Authors: van der Wal Sija J. , Geuze Elbert , Vermetten Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMilitary personnel deployed to combat and peacekeeping missions are exposed to high rates of traumatic events. Accumulating evidence suggests an important association between deployment and the development of other mental health symptoms beyond post-traumatic stress disorder.MethodsThis study examined the prevalence of agoraphobia, anxiety, depression, and hostility symptoms in a cohort of Dutch ISAF veterans (N = 978) from pre-deployment up to 10 years after homecoming. The interaction of potential moderating factors with the change in mental health symptoms relative to pre-deployment was investigated at each time point.ResultsThe probable prevalence of agoraphobia, anxiety, depression, and hostility symptoms significantly increased over time to respectively 6.5, 2.7, 3.5, and 6.2% at 10 years after deployment. Except for hostility symptoms, the probable prevalence at 10 years after deployment was the highest compared to all previous follow-up assessments. Importantly, less perceived social support after returning from deployment was found as a risk factor for all different mental health symptoms. Unit support was not associated with the development of mental health problems.ConclusionsThis study suggests a probable broad and long-term impact of deployment on the mental health of military service members. Due to the lack of a non-deployed control group, causal effects of deployment could not be demonstrated. Continued effort should nevertheless be made in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of mental health symptoms, even a decade after deployment. The findings also underscore the importance of social support after homecoming and its potential for the prevention of long-term mental health problems.
Parenting and childhood irritability: Negative emotion socialization and parental control moderate the development of irritability
Authors: Ravi Sanjana , Havewala Mazneen , Kircanski Katharina , Brotman Melissa A. , Schneider Leslie , Degnan Kathryn , Almas Alisa , Fox Nathan , Pine Daniel S. , Leibenluft Ellen , Filippi Courtney 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIrritability, characterized by anger in response to frustration, is normative in childhood. While children typically show a decline in irritability from toddlerhood to school age, elevated irritability throughout childhood may predict later psychopathology. The current study (n = 78) examined associations between trajectories of irritability in early childhood (ages 2–7) and irritability in adolescence (age 12) and tested whether these associations are moderated by parenting behaviors. Results indicate that negative emotion socialization moderated trajectories of irritability – relative to children with low stable irritability, children who exhibited high stable irritability in early childhood and who had parents that exhibited greater negative emotion socialization behaviors had higher irritability in adolescence. Further, negative parental control behavior moderated trajectories of irritability – relative to children with low stable irritability, children who had high decreasing irritability in early childhood and who had parents who exhibited greater negative control behaviors had higher irritability in adolescence. In contrast, positive emotion socialization and control behaviors did not moderate the relations between early childhood irritability and later irritability in adolescence. These results suggest that both irritability in early childhood and negative parenting behaviors may jointly influence irritability in adolescence. The current study underscores the significance of negative parenting behaviors and could inform treatment.
Pain Influences Neuropsychological Performance Following Electrical Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dorociak Katherine E. , Soble Jason R. , Rupert Patricia A. , Fink Joseph W. , Lee Raphael C. , Anitescu Magdalena , Weiss David , Cooke Gerald , Resch Zachary J. , Pliskin Neil H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:Electrical injury (EI) is a significant, multifaceted trauma often with multi-domain cognitive sequelae, even when the expected current path does not pass through the brain. Chronic pain (CP) research suggests pain may affect cognition directly and indirectly by influencing emotional distress which then impacts cognitive functioning. As chronic pain may be critical to understanding EI-related cognitive difficulties, the aims of the current study were: examine the direct and indirect effects of pain on cognition following EI and compare the relationship between pain and cognition in EI and CP populations.Method:This cross-sectional study used data from a clinical sample of 50 patients with EI (84.0% male; Mage = 43.7 years) administered standardized measures of pain (Pain Patient Profile), depression, and neurocognitive functioning. A CP comparison sample of 93 patients was also included.Results:Higher pain levels were associated with poorer attention/processing speed and executive functioning performance among patients with EI. Depression was significantly correlated with pain and mediated the relationship between pain and attention/processing speed in patients with EI. When comparing the patients with EI and CP, the relationship between pain and cognition was similar for both clinical groups.Conclusions:Findings indicate that pain impacts mood and cognition in patients with EI, and the influence of pain and its effect on cognition should be considered in the assessment and treatment of patients who have experienced an electrical injury.
A Modular Atom Probe Concept: Design, Operational Aspects, and Performance of an Integrated APT-FIB/SEM Solution
Authors: Stender Patrick , Solodenko Helena , Weigel Andreas , Balla Irdi , Schwarz Tim Maximilian , Ott Jonas , Roussell Manuel , Joshi Yug , Duran Rüya , Al-Shakran Mohammad , Jacob Timo , Schmitz Guido 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Atomic probe tomography (APT) is able to generate three-dimensional chemical maps in atomic resolution. The required instruments for APT have evolved over the last 20 years from an experimental to an established method of materials analysis. Here, we describe the realization of a new modular instrument concept that allows the direct attachment of APT to a dual-beam SEM microscope with the main achievement of fast and direct sample transfer and high flexibility in chamber and component configuration. New operational modes are enabled regarding sample geometry, alignment of tips, and the microelectrode. The instrument is optimized to handle cryo-samples at all stages of preparation and storage. It comes with its own software for evaluation and reconstruction. The performance in terms of mass resolution, aperture angle, and detection efficiency is demonstrated with a few application examples.
Global Validation of SWIM/CFOSAT Wind Waves Against Voluntary Observing Ship Data
Authors: Grigorieva V. G. , Badulin S. I. , Gulev S. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe article presents a joint analysis of wind and wave characteristics derived from Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) data and measurements of the innovative Ku‐band radar SWIM (Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) carried by Chinese‐French Ocean SATellite (CFOSAT). Global distributions of significant wave height and wind speed in both data sets demonstrate good qualitative and quantitative agreement, especially in regions with a high spatio‐temporal density of visual observations. A particular focus is made on discriminating wave systems by joint analysis of separately observed wind sea and swell characteristics in VOS and the partitions of wave spectra measured by SWIM. It is shown that three wave partitions from SWIM cannot be clearly attributed to wind sea, first, and secondary swell systems. The first partition aggregates both wind sea and swell in the operational wavelength range of the SWIM radar, while the second and third partitions fit neither wind sea, nor swell. A comparison of VOS and SWIM data within a 50 km radius and a 30 min time lag shows a very close match for most parameters in terms of mean values, yet with relatively high dispersion of individual measurements.
Multi‐Band Raman Analysis of Radiation Damage in Zircon for Thermochronology: Partial Annealing and Mixed Signals
Authors: Härtel Birk , Jonckheere Raymond , Ratschbacher Lothar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFour zircon Raman bands were previously calibrated to give consistent estimates of the accumulated self‐irradiation α‐dose in unannealed volcanic samples. Partial annealing of radiation damage produces inconsistent values because of differences in the relative annealing sensitivities. The damage estimates based on the external rotation band (DER) at ∼356 cm−1 and that based on the ν2(SiO4) band (D2) at ∼438 cm−1 are the most and least sensitive to damage annealing. The D2/DER‐ratio thus provides a numerical estimate of the extent of geologic annealing that a zircon sample has experienced. This ratio characterizes the thermal history of a zircon sample but also its state of radiation damage during the course of its geologic history, and thus the manner in which this state influences other thermochronologic methods. Meaningful interpretation of the zircon Raman age requires that the spectra are free of measurement artifacts. The major artifacts result from micrometer‐scale gradients of the damage densities within a zircon grain due to uranium and thorium zoning. The micrometer‐sized sampled volume may span different densities, producing overlapping spectra, causing apparent peak broadening, overestimated damage densities, and zircon Raman ages. The D3/D2‐ratio of the damage densities calculated from the ν3(SiO4) and ν2(SiO4) bands, most and least affected by overlap, is an efficient indicator of a meaningless signal. It reveals overlap in annealed and unannealed samples, because the used bands have similar responses to annealing. Multi‐band Raman maps can be converted to damage‐ratio maps for screening zircon mounts, and selecting spots for thermochronologic investigations.
How Steady is Interseismic Crustal Deformation in Northeast Japan? Evidence From an Integrated Analysis of Centennial Geodetic Data
Authors: Meneses‐Gutierrez Angela , Segall Paul , Sagiya Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyze conventional horizontal geodetic data (triangulation and trilateration) and GPS data from 1890 to 2009 in NE Japan to investigate interseismic deformation over a centennial time scale and to determine if a previously reported decadal strain rate decrease preceding the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake had started prior to the beginning of GPS observations. Analysis of conventional geodetic data shows that the maximum shear strain rate was relatively constant from 1894 to 1984 within one standard deviation, and it is comparable to observations during the GPS era. The conventional geodetic data does not support extrapolation of the strain rate deceleration prior to the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake to epochs before the beginning of GPS observations in the mid‐1990s. Our favored interpretation suggests a transient increase in strain rate followed by a return to the long‐term rate prior to the 2011 earthquake. However, poor temporal resolution and uncertainties in the conventional geodetic data allow for other interpretations, including the possibility of multiple decadal transients during the interseismic period prior to the 1990s. Integration of our results with observations of vertical deformation and physical modeling of mechanical processes at the subduction zone is essential to better understand the tectonic as well as seismological implications of the observations.
Machine Learning Emulation of 3D Cloud Radiative Effects
Authors: Meyer David , Hogan Robin J. , Dueben Peter D. , Mason Shannon L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe treatment of cloud structure in numerical weather and climate models is often greatly simplified to make them computationally affordable. Here we propose to correct the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 1D radiation scheme ecRad for 3D cloud effects using computationally cheap neural networks. 3D cloud effects are learned as the difference between ecRad's fast 1D Tripleclouds solver that neglects them and its 3D SPARTACUS (SPeedy Algorithm for Radiative TrAnsfer through CloUd Sides) solver that includes them but is about five times more computationally expensive. With typical errors between 20% and 30% of the 3D signal, neural networks improve Tripleclouds' accuracy for about 1% increase in runtime. Thus, rather than emulating the whole of SPARTACUS, we keep Tripleclouds unchanged for cloud‐free parts of the atmosphere and 3D‐correct it elsewhere. The focus on the comparably small 3D correction instead of the entire signal allows us to improve predictions significantly if we assume a similar signal‐to‐noise ratio for both.
Modeling of Drying‐Induced Soil Curling Phenomenon
Authors: Lin Zhu‐Yuan , Tang Chao‐Sheng , Yang Zhan‐Ming , Wang Yi‐Shu , Cheng Qing , Shi Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrying‐induced soil curling is commonly observed in nature. In order to investigate the change of water distribution in soil caused by drying and curling, a series of drying tests is performed on thin soil layers in the laboratory. A discrete element model (DEM) is then proposed to simulate soil desiccation curling. The outermost particles are selected as the surface of the model to address the importance of surface evaporation. Moisture distribution change during drying is governed by both surface evaporation and moisture exchange between DEM particles. The results show that the model can capture the main features of the soil curling process from concave curling () to convex curling (). The model enables variation in moisture gradient during the drying process. The trend of the curling development obtained from the model agreed well with the laboratory observation. A newly exposed surfaces in the model can provide a more realistic moisture distribution and influence the curling behavior. Generally, the drying‐induced soil curling process and extent are associated with the change in moisture gradient along the depth. The movement of tensile stress concentration change from the upper layer in the early drying stage to the lower part of the sample in the late drying stage is the intrinsic mechanical factor responsible for the initial concave curling deformation and the subsequent fallback and convex curling phenomenon. Curling deformation in the present model is compared with other existing explanations on desiccation curling. The influences of evaporation rate and hydraulic conductivity on the model performance were also discussed. It is found that a higher evaporation rate and a lower hydraulic conductivity would result in a higher extent of curling during drying.
Extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion
Authors: Tian Wanjia , Lei Ningjing , Zhou Junying , Chen Mengyu , Guo Ruixia , Qin Bo , Li Yong , Chang Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChemoresistance and metastasis are the major challenges for the current ovarian cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of ovarian cancer progression and metastasis is critically important for developing novel therapies. The advances in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research in recent years have attracted extensive attention. EVs contain a variety of proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and metabolites. Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian cancer cells secrete a large amount of EVs, playing an important role in tumor progression and recurrence. In the microenvironment of ovarian tumor, EVs participate in the information transmission between stromal cells and immune cells, promoting the immune escape of ovarian cancer cells and facilitating cancer metastasis. Here, we review the recent advances of EVs in chemoresistance, mechanisms of metastasis, and immune evasion of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges of EV research and future application of EVs as promising biomarker sources in response to therapy and in therapy-delivery approaches for ovarian cancer patients.
The breast pre-cancer atlas illustrates the molecular and micro-environmental diversity of ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Nachmanson Daniela , Officer Adam , Mori Hidetoshi , Gordon Jonathan , Evans Mark F. , Steward Joseph , Yao Huazhen , O’Keefe Thomas , Hasteh Farnaz , Stein Gary S. , Jepsen Kristen , Weaver Donald L. , Hirst Gillian L. , Sprague Brian L. , Esserman Laura J. , Borowsky Alexander D. , Stein Janet L. , Harismendy Olivier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroenvironmental and molecular factors mediating the progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) are not well understood, impeding the development of prevention strategies and the safe testing of treatment de-escalation. We addressed methodological barriers and characterized the mutational, transcriptional, histological, and microenvironmental landscape across 85 multiple microdissected regions from 39 cases. Most somatic alterations, including whole-genome duplications, were clonal, but genetic divergence increased with physical distance. Phenotypic and subtype heterogeneity was frequently associated with underlying genetic heterogeneity and regions with low-risk features preceded those with high-risk features according to the inferred phylogeny. B- and T-lymphocytes spatial analysis identified three immune states, including an epithelial excluded state located preferentially at DCIS regions, and characterized by histological and molecular features of immune escape, independently from molecular subtypes. Such breast pre-cancer atlas with uniquely integrated observations will help scope future expansion studies and build finer models of outcomes and progression risk.
Stem-like breast cancer cells in the activated state resist genetic stress via TGFBI-ZEB1
Authors: Sun Qi , Wang Yufen , Officer Adam , Pecknold Brianna , Lee Garrett , Harismendy Olivier , Desgrosellier Jay S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreast cancer cells with stem-like properties are critical for tumor progression, yet much about these cells remains unknown. Here, we characterize a population of stem-like breast cancer cells expressing the integrin αvβ3 as transcriptionally related to activated stem/basal cells in the normal human mammary gland. An unbiased functional screen of genes unique to these cells identified the matrix protein TGFBI (BIG-H3) and the transcription factor ZEB1 as necessary for tumorsphere formation. Surprisingly, these genes were not required for cell proliferation or survival, but instead maintained chromosomal stability. Consistent with this finding, CRISPR deletion of either gene synergized with PARP inhibition to deplete αvβ3+ stem-like cells, which are normally resistant to this therapy. Our findings highlight a critical role for TGFBI-ZEB1 protection against genetic stress as a key attribute of activated stem-like cells and suggest that disrupting this ability may enhance their “BRCAness” by increasing sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
Similar neuronal imprint and no cross-seeded fibrils in α-synuclein aggregates from MSA and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Laferrière Florent , Claverol Stéphane , Bezard Erwan , De Giorgi Francesca , Ichas François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a principal constituent of Lewy bodies (LBs) and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) observed respectively inside neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Yet, the cellular origin, the pathophysiological role, and the mechanism of formation of these inclusions bodies (IBs) remain to be elucidated. It has recently been proposed that α-syn IBs eventually cause the demise of the host cell by virtue of the cumulative sequestration of partner proteins and organelles. In particular, the hypothesis of a local cross-seeding of other fibrillization-prone proteins like tau or TDP-43 has also been put forward. We submitted sarkosyl-insoluble extracts of post-mortem brain tissue from PD, MSA and control subjects to a comparative proteomic analysis to address these points. Our studies indicate that: (i) α-syn is by far the most enriched protein in PD and MSA extracts compared to controls; (ii) PD and MSA extracts share a striking overlap of their sarkosyl-insoluble proteomes, consisting of a vast majority of mitochondrial and neuronal synaptic proteins, and (iii) other fibrillization-prone protein candidates possibly cross-seeded by α-syn are neither found in PD nor MSA extracts. Thus, our results (i) support the idea that pre-assembled building blocks originating in neurons serve to the formation of GCIs in MSA, (ii) show no sign of amyloid cross-seeding in either synucleinopathy, and (iii) point to the sequestration of mitochondria and of neuronal synaptic components in both LBs and GCIs.