bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of classical nuclear import pathway by importazole and ivermectin inhibits rotavirus replication
Authors: Sarkar Rakesh , Banerjee Shreya , Halder Prolay , Koley Hemanta , Komoto Satoshi , Chawla-Sarkar Mamta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Rotavirus is the foremost cause of acute gastroenteritis among infants in resource-poor countries, causing severe morbidity and mortality. The currently available rotavirus vaccines are effective in reducing severity of the disease but not the infection rates, thus antivirals as an adjunct therapy are needed to reduce the morbidity in children. Viruses rely on host cellular machinery for nearly every step of the replication cycle. Therefore, targeting host factors that are indispensable for virus replication could be a promising strategy.

Objectives
To assess the therapeutic potential of ivermectin and importazole against rotaviruses.

Methods
Antirotaviral activity of importazole and ivermectin was measured against various rotavirus strains (RV-SA11, RV-Wa, RV-A5-13, RV-EW) in vitro and in vivo by quantifying viral protein expression by western blot, analysing viroplasm formation by confocal microscopy, and measuring virus yield by plaque assay.

Results
Importin-β1 and Ran were found to be induced during rotavirus infection. Knocking down importin-β1 severely impaired rotavirus replication, suggesting a critical role for importin-β1 in the rotavirus life cycle. In vitro studies revealed that treatment of ivermectin and importazole resulted in reduced synthesis of viral proteins, diminished production of infectious virus particles, and decrease in viroplasm-positive cells. Mechanistic study proved that both drugs perform antirotavirus activity by inhibiting the function of importin-β1. In vivo investigations in mice also confirmed the antirotavirus potential of importazole and ivermectin at non-toxic doses. Treatments of rotavirus-infected mice with either drug resulted in diminished shedding of viral particles in the stool sample, reduced expression of viral protein in the small intestine and restoration of damaged intestinal villi comapared to untreated infected mice.

Conclusions
The study highlights the potential of importazole and ivermectin as antirotavirus therapeutics.
Evaluation of federated learning variations for COVID-19 diagnosis using chest radiographs from 42 US and European hospitals
Authors: Peng Le , Luo Gaoxiang , Walker Andrew , Zaiman Zachary , Jones Emma K , Gupta Hemant , Kersten Kristopher , Burns John L , Harle Christopher A , Magoc Tanja , Shickel Benjamin , Steenburg Scott D , Loftus Tyler , Melton Genevieve B , Gichoya Judy Wawira , Sun Ju , Tignanelli Christopher J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Federated learning (FL) allows multiple distributed data holders to collaboratively learn a shared model without data sharing. However, individual health system data are heterogeneous. “Personalized” FL variations have been developed to counter data heterogeneity, but few have been evaluated using real-world healthcare data. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a single-site versus a 3-client federated model using a previously described Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) diagnostic model. Additionally, to investigate the effect of system heterogeneity, we evaluate the performance of 4 FL variations.

Materials and methods
We leverage a FL healthcare collaborative including data from 5 international healthcare systems (US and Europe) encompassing 42 hospitals. We implemented a COVID-19 computer vision diagnosis system using the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) algorithm implemented on Clara Train SDK 4.0. To study the effect of data heterogeneity, training data was pooled from 3 systems locally and federation was simulated. We compared a centralized/pooled model, versus FedAvg, and 3 personalized FL variations (FedProx, FedBN, and FedAMP).

Results
We observed comparable model performance with respect to internal validation (local model: AUROC 0.94 vs FedAvg: 0.95, P = .5) and improved model generalizability with the FedAvg model (P &lt; .05). When investigating the effects of model heterogeneity, we observed poor performance with FedAvg on internal validation as compared to personalized FL algorithms. FedAvg did have improved generalizability compared to personalized FL algorithms. On average, FedBN had the best rank performance on internal and external validation.

Conclusion
FedAvg can significantly improve the generalization of the model compared to other personalization FL algorithms; however, at the cost of poor internal validity. Personalized FL may offer an opportunity to develop both internal and externally validated algorithms.
Dietary benzoic acid and supplemental enzymes alter fiber-fermenting taxa and metabolites in the cecum of weaned pigs
Authors: Diether Natalie E , Nam Seo Lin , Fouhse Janelle , Le Thanh Bich V , Stothard Paul , Zijlstra Ruurd T , Harynuk James , de la Mata Paulina , Willing Benjamin P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Inclusion of enzymes and organic acids in pig diets is an important strategy supporting decreased antibiotic usage in pork production. However, limited knowledge exists about how these additives impact intestinal microbes and their metabolites. To examine the effects of benzoic acid and enzymes on gut microbiota and metabolome, 160 pigs were assigned to one of four diets 7 days after weaning: a control diet or the addition of 0.5% benzoic acid, 0.045% dietary enzymes (phytase, β-glucanase, xylanase, and α-amylase), or both and fed ad libitum for 21 to 22 d. Individual growth performance and group diarrhea incidence data were collected throughout the experimental period. A decrease of 20% in pen-level diarrhea incidence from days 8 to 14 in pigs-fed both benzoic acid and enzymes compared to the control diet (P = 0.047). Cecal digesta samples were collected at the end of the experimental period from 40 piglets (n = 10 per group) and evaluated for differences using 16S rRNA sequencing and two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). Analysis of cecal microbiota diversity revealed that benzoic acid altered microbiota composition (Unweighted Unifrac, P = 0.047, r2 = 0.07) and decreased α-diversity (Shannon, P = 0.041; Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, P = 0.041). Dietary enzymes increased fiber-fermenting bacterial taxa such as Prevotellaceae. Two-step feature selection identified 17 cecal metabolites that differed among diets, including increased microbial cross-feeding product 1,2-propanediol in pigs-fed benzoic acid-containing diets. In conclusion, dietary benzoic acid and enzymes affected the gut microbiota and metabolome of weaned pigs and may support the health and resolution of postweaning diarrhea.
Investigation on Pathological Aspects, Mode of Transmission, and Tissue Tropism of Antheraea proylei Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Oak Tasar Silkworm
Authors: Khajje Diksha , Devi Sinam Subharani , Subrahmanyam Gangavarapu , Kobayashi Jun , Sivaprasad Vankadara , Terenius Olle , Ponnuvel Kangayam M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The temperate oak tasar silkworm, Antheraea proylei, is frequently infested with Antheraea proylei nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnprNPV) causing tiger band disease. This disease is one of the key factors that obstructs production and productivity of oak tasar sericulture. The current study aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of AnprNPV, its mode of transmission, and detection of AnprNPV in different tissues. Transmission electron micrographs of AnprNPV showed single rod-shaped bodies and occlusion derived virus (ODV) enclosed within multiple envelopes. The infecting AnprNPV displayed tissue tropism with higher copy numbers detected in the insect fat body and ovary. The virus was observed to multiply in all developmental stages of the silkworm such as egg, larva, pupa, and moth, confirming its ability to spread throughout the silkworm lifecycle. Baculovirus isolated from infected A. proylei showed cross-infectivity in other Saturniidae wild silkworm species such as Antheraea pernyi, A. frithi, and Samia ricini, widening their probable host range for infection. Baculoviruses generally display a horizontal mode of transmission, mainly through ingestion of occlusion bodies (OBs); however, the present study revealed a trans-ovum vertical mode of transmission in addition to a horizontal mode. The observations made in this study aid a detailed understanding of the tiger band disease and its causative pathogen AnprNPV, which will support future studies and disease management in oak tasar sericulture.
Pharmacists’ involvement with and pharmacy clients’ awareness of adverse drug reaction reporting in Nigeria – a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Showande Segun Johnson , Ikuomola Iretomiwa Faith 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Adverse drug reactions are one of the leading causes of death, yet they are under-reported. This study assessed the involvement of community pharmacists in the identification, documentation, and reporting of adverse drug reactions and pharmacy clients’ awareness of the adverse drug reaction reporting system.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire-guided survey was conducted among 780 pharmacy clients in six selected community pharmacies, and seven mystery clients visited 125 community pharmacies in Ibadan, Nigeria. Information on pharmacy clients’ experience of adverse drug reactions, to whom and how they were reported, was obtained. Female and male mystery clients’ performed two scripted scenarios, complaining of black patches on their thighs and blood in their faeces, respectively. The proportion of pharmacists who identified the complaints as adverse drug reactions, documented and reported them, was described.

Key findings
The response rate for the pharmacy clients’ survey was 98.5%. Some pharmacy clients, 385 (50.1%), had experienced adverse drug reactions; 49 (12.7%) of these pharmacy clients were hospitalised and 73 (19.0%) of them reported the adverse drug reactions to physicians or pharmacists. Most of the pharmacy clients, 706 (91.9%), did not use the available reporting system. A total of 218 mystery client visits were made. The proportion of pharmacists who recognised the mystery client complaints as adverse drug reactions was 4.9–60.3% depending on the scenario presented and up to two pharmacists documented and supposedly reported the adverse drug reactions.

Conclusions
Some of the pharmacy clients reported experiencing adverse drug reactions to healthcare professionals, but most did not report through the existing reporting scheme. Community pharmacists could identify adverse drug reactions but most failed to document or report them.
WTAP regulates postnatal development of brown adipose tissue by stabilizing METTL3 in mice
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Li Xinzhi , Liu Cenxi , Zhou Liying , Shi Lei , Zhang Zhiguo , Chen Long , Gao Ming , Gao Lanyue , Xu Yuanyuan , Huang He , Li Jin , Chen Zheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brown adipocyte maturation during postnatal development is essential for brown adipose tissue (BAT) to protect animals against cold. Impaired maturation of brown adipocytes leads to cold intolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine the maturation of brown adipocytes during postnatal development are not fully understood. Here, we identify Wilms’ tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) as an essential regulator in the postnatal development and maturation of BAT. BAT-specific knockout of Wtap (Wtap-BKO) severely impairs maturation of BAT in vivo by decreasing the expression of BAT-selective genes, leading to the whitening of interscapular BAT (iBAT). Single nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis shows the dynamic changes of cell heterogeneity in iBAT of Wtap-BKO mice. Adult mice with WTAP deficiency in BAT display hypothermic and succumb to acute cold challenge. Mechanistically, WTAP deficiency decreases m6A mRNA modification by reducing the protein stability of METTL3. BAT-specific overexpression of Mettl3 partially rescues the phenotypes observed in Wtap-BKO mice. These data demonstrate that WTAP/METTL3 plays an essential role in iBAT postnatal development and thermogenesis.
Optical polarimetry of the May 2022 lunar eclipse
Authors: Steele Iain A , Wiersema Klaas , McCall Callum , Newsam Andrew , Shrestha Manisha 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The sunlight reflected from the Moon during a total lunar eclipse has been transmitted through the Earth’s atmosphere on the way to the Moon. The combination of multiple scattering and inhomogeneous atmospheric characteristics during that transmission can potentially polarize that light. A similar (although much smaller) effect should also be observable from the atmosphere of a transiting exoplanet. We present the results of polarization observations during the first 15 min of totality of the lunar eclipse of 2022 May 16. We find degrees of polarization of 2.1 ± 0.4 per cent in B, 1.2 ± 0.3 per cent in V, 0.5 ± 0.2 per cent in R, and 0.2 ± 0.2 per cent in I. Our polarization values lie in the middle of the range of those reported for previous eclipses, providing further evidence that the induced polarization can change from event to event. We found no significant polarization difference (&lt;0.02 per cent) between a region of dark Mare and nearby bright uplands or between the lunar limb and regions closer to the disc centre due to the different angle of incidence. This further strengthens the interpretation of the polarization’s origin being due to scattering in the Earth’s atmosphere rather than by the lunar regolith.
Measurements of one-point statistics in 21-cm intensity maps via foreground avoidance strategy
Authors: Kittiwisit Piyanat , Bowman Judd D , Murray Steven G , Gehlot Bharat K , Jacobs Daniel C , Beardsley Adam P 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the one-point probability distribution function and higher-order moments (variance, skewness, and kurtosis) of the high-redshift 21-cm fluctuations are among the most direct statistical probes of the non-Gaussian nature of structure formation and evolution during re-ionization. However, contamination from astrophysical foregrounds and instrument systematics pose significant challenges in measuring these statistics in real observations. In this work, we use forward modelling to investigate the feasibility of measuring 21-cm one-point statistics through a foreground avoidance strategy. Leveraging the characteristic wedge-shape of the foregrounds in k-space, we apply a wedge-cut filtre that removes the foreground contaminated modes from a mock data set based on the Hydrogen Epoch of Re-ionization Array (HERA) instrument, and measure the one-point statistics from the image-space representation of the remaining non-contaminated modes. We experiment with varying degrees of wedge-cutting over different frequency bandwidths and find that the centre of the band is the least susceptible to bias from wedge-cutting. Based on this finding, we introduce a rolling filtre method that allows reconstruction of an optimal wedge-cut 21-cm intensity map over the full bandwidth using outputs from wedge-cutting over multiple sub-bands. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to show that HERA should be able to measure the rise in skewness and kurtosis near the end of re-ionization with the rolling wedge-cut method if foreground leakage from the Fourier transform window function can be controlled.
Collapsing molecular clouds with tracer particles – I. What collapses?
Authors: Collins David C , Le Dan , Jimenez Vela Luz L 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
To understand the formation of stars from clouds of molecular gas, one essentially needs to know two things: what gas collapses, and how long it takes to do so. We address these questions by embedding pseudo-Lagrangian tracer particles in three simulations of self-gravitating turbulence. We identify prestellar cores at the end of the collapse, and use the tracer particles to rewind the simulations to identify the preimage gas for each core at the beginning of each simulation. This is the first of a series of papers, wherein we present the technique and examine the first question: What gas collapses? For the preimage gas at t = 0, we examine a number of quantities – the probability distribution function (PDF) for several quantities, the structure function for velocity, several length scales, the volume filling fraction, the overlap between different preimages, and fractal dimension of the preimage gas. Analytical descriptions are found for the PDFs of density and velocity for the preimage gas. We find that the preimage of a core is large and sparse, and we show that gas for one core comes from many turbulent density fluctuations and a few velocity fluctuations. We find that binary systems have preimages that overlap in a fractal manner. Finally, we use the density distribution to derive a novel prediction of the star formation rate.
Comprehensive catalogue of the overall best distances and properties of 402 galactic novae
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
I derive the overall best distances for all 402 known Galactic novae, and I collect their many properties. The centrepiece is the 74 novae with accurate parallaxes from the new Gaia data release. For the needed priors, I have collected 171 distances based on old methods (including expansion parallaxes and extinction distances). Further, I have collected the V-magnitudes at peak and the extinction measures, so as to produce absolute magnitudes at peak and then derive a crude distance as a prior. Further, I have recognized that 41 per cent of the known novae are concentrated in the bulge, with 68 per cent of these &lt;5.4° from the Galactic Centre, so the 165 bulge novae must have distances of 8000 ± 750 parsecs. Putting this all together, I have derived distances to all 402 novae, of which 220 have distances to an accuracy of better than 30 per cent. I find that the disc novae have an exponential scale height of 140 ± 10 pc. The average peak absolute V-magnitude is −7.45, with an RMS scatter of 1.33 mag. These peak luminosities are significantly correlated with the decline rate (t3 in days) as MV, peak = −7.6 + 1.5log (t3/30). The huge scatter about this relation masks the correlation in many smaller data sets, and makes this relation useless for physical models. The bulge novae are indistinguishable from the disc novae in all properties, except that the novae with red giant companion stars have a strong preference for residing in the bulge population.
Predicted COVID-19 molecular effects on endometrium reveal key dysregulated genes and functions
Authors: Henarejos-Castillo I , Devesa-Peiro A , de Miguel-Gomez L , Sebastian-Leon P , Romeu M , Aleman A , Molina-Gil C , Pellicer A , Cervello I , Diaz-Gimeno P 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 exerts systemic effects that can compromise various organs and systems. Although retrospective and in silico studies and prospective preliminary analysis have assessed the possibility of direct infection of the endometrium, there is a lack of in-depth and prospective studies on the impact of systemic disease on key endometrial genes and functions across the menstrual cycle and window of implantation. Gene expression data have been obtained from (i) healthy secretory endometrium collected from 42 women without endometrial pathologies and (ii) nasopharyngeal swabs from 231 women with COVID-19 and 30 negative controls. To predict how COVID-19-related gene expression changes impact key endometrial genes and functions, an in silico model was developed by integrating the endometrial and COVID-19 datasets in an affected mid-secretory endometrium gene co-expression network. An endometrial validation set comprising 16 women (8 confirmed to have COVID-19 and 8 negative test controls) was prospectively collected to validate the expression of key genes. We predicted that five genes important for embryo implantation were affected by COVID-19 (downregulation of COBL, GPX3 and SOCS3, and upregulation of DOCK2 and SLC2A3). We experimentally validated these genes in COVID-19 patients using endometrial biopsies during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The results generally support the in silico model predictions, suggesting that the transcriptomic landscape changes mediated by COVID-19 affect endometrial receptivity genes and key processes necessary for fertility, such as immune system function, protection against oxidative damage and development vital for embryo implantation and early development.
Combining iron affinity-based fractionation with non-targeted LC-ESI-TOFMS for the study of iron-binding molecules in dissolved organic matter
Authors: Rathgeb Anna , Causon Tim , Krachler Regina , Hann Stephan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The low solubility of inorganic iron(III) in seawater leads to very limited availability of this important micronutrient for marine organisms. Estuarine or oceanic iron is almost entirely bound to organic ligands of mainly unknown chemical structure. In this context, riverine input of iron rich, land-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) can play an important role in coastal areas and investigation of potential Fe-ligands in DOM is of high interest. Previous studies have suggested that iron is predominantly bound to the high molecular weight fraction of DOM, but distributed over the entire size range. Logically, structural elucidation needs to start from the smallest building blocks. A model study targeting low molecular weight iron-binding constituents in Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM) using Fe-loaded Chelex or silica for immobilized-metal affinity (IMAC)-based fractionation was undertaken. The binding strengths of different compounds could be qualitatively assessed using a differential analysis workflow. IMAC-fractionated samples were acidified and analyzed via liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and molecular formulas were assigned using state of the art software. A total of 144 Fe-binding constituents in Suwannee River NOM were found to be of interest with the largest number observed to interact with Chelex at pH 4 (55%), and the smallest with silica at neutral pH (24%). Most binding constituents were found in the lignin- and tannin-type region of the van Krevelen plot. Results from this study support the hypothesis that very low molecular weight constituents (below 300 Da) can play a role in the iron binding mechanism of DOM and demonstrate that the employed analytical workflow is suitable for their detection.