bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Pine Needle Midge on Scotch Pine with Biorational and Conventional Formulations in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, 1992
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight treatments were applied to evaluate control of pine needle midge on heavily infested 6-8 ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Treatments were completed on 10 Jun and 25 Jun, and replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were completed by using a C02 compressed air sprayer with one 8004VS Teejet nozzle mounted on a 24 inch boom operating at 28 psi. Treatments were applied at the rate of 124 gal/acre (375 ml/tree), and applications were confined to the terminal. The following conditions existed on 10 Jun: air temperature 80°F; water pH, 7.0; 52% RH; and skies were partly cloudy. The following conditions existed on 25 Jun: air temperature, 68°F; water pH, 7.0; 80% RH. At 52 DAT (1 Sep), each treatment was evaluated by determining the percentage of missing needles from each terminal.
Hobn Fly Control on Beef Cattle with Ear Tags in South Mississippi, 1991
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on three beef cattle farms in Clarke, Jasper and Newton Counties in south Mississippi. This was the third consecutive year in which tags were placed in the same herds. One ear tag per ear (two/head) was used on all adult cattle. Terminator (diazinon) tags were placed in a herd of 49 cows and two bulls on 10 May. Saber (lambdacyhalothrin pyrethroid) tags were placed in a herd of 81 cows and two bulls on 3 May. Tomahawk (pirimiphos methyl) tags were placed in a herd of 52 cows and one bull on 9 May. Untreated herds of 15 to 30 cows were located in the vicinity of each treated herd. All tags remained in herds for 114 days. Herds were mixed breeds of beef cattle. Horn fly counts were made visually using binoculars once each week.
Green Peach Aphid Control, 1977
Authors: Butt B. A. , Lydin L. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘U&I Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted May 6, 1966, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, Washington, in plots 6 rows wide and 50 ft long. Each treatment was applied to 4 plots. The plants were irrigated with line sprinklers that provided 1/2 inch of water/h. In the tests with foliar spray, 40 gpa (60 psi) were applied July 6 with D2-13 TEEJET hollowcone nozzles mounted 11 inches apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor traveling at 2.75 mph. The boom height was adjusted to provide optimum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with all materials. After 2 days and then each week for 3 weeks aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot. In the tests with systemics, granules were applied with a tractormounted Gandy applicator at planting time 4-6 inches deep and 2 inches to one side of the seeds. Aphid counts were delayed until a popu-lation developed. In the spray tests, Pirimor at 2 and 3 lb/acre was equal to the Thimet standard at 1 lb/acre (Table 1). In the systemic tests, both Bay Hox 3298 and Furadan were effective (Table 2). No phytotoxicity was observed in the tests.
Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: Butt B. A. , Lydin L. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘U&I Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted May 6, 1977, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, Washington, in plots 6 rows wide and 50 ft long. Each treatment was applied to 4 plots. The plants were irrigated with line sprinklers that provided 1/2 inch of water/h. Granules of the test materials were applied at planting time 4-6 inches deep and 2 inches to one side of the seeds. On June 13 the number of sugarbeet plants in 10 ft and the number of leafminers in 20 plants were determined in each of the 4 replicates of each treatment.
Two-Spotted Spider Mite Control, 1974
Authors: Powell D. M. , Joy Don , Powell D. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘U&I Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were grown in Esquatzel fine sandy loam soil at Sunnyside, Washington, and ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were grown in Sagehill silt loam soil at Quincy, Washington. Sugarbeet plots were 6 rows wide (22 inches between rows) and 50 ft long, and the potato plots were 3 acres in size. On July 16 at Sunnyside and August 7 at Quincy the experimental materials were applied to 3 replicated plots of sugarbeets with a bicycle-type, portable-boom sprayer at the rate of 20 gal/A. On August 15 at Quincy the materials were applied to single, 3-acre plots of potatoes with a commercial agricultural spray plane at the rate of 10 gal/A. Twenty sugarbeet leaves or 20 compound potato leaves were collected from each plot on each of the 4 sampling dates, and the total numbers of two-spotted spider mites on the leaves were counted.
Insecticides to Control Wireworms, Systena Flea Beetles and Sweet Potato Flea Beetles in Sweet Potatoes, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Julian’ sweet potato sprouts were transplanted June 2 in 3-ft rows with 12-inch spacing. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete bl ock design. Each plot consisted of five 25-ft-long rows with 2 untreated rows adjacent to each plot. The soil type was a sassafras fine sandy loam. Various methods of treatment were employed and are designated as follows: PreplantIncorporated (PPI) - Broadcast overall on June 1 by means of a Root-Lowell rotary hand duster or a D. B. Smith 5-gallon knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 40 gal/A (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle and disced into the top 4-5 inches within 2 hours after treatment; Root Swell (RS) - Broadcast over foliage at time of root swell on August 4 using the duster and sprayer previously described, followed by cultivation; Preplant Incorporated plus Root Swell (PPI + RS) - combination of the above with same timing and methods; Over Foliage (OF) - Broadcast over foliage in a 10-12 inch band on July 10 with the Root-Lowell duster followed by cultivation; Foliage Spray (FS) - Applications over foliage on July 23, August 12, September 6, and October 1 using the D. B. Smith knapsack sprayer adjusted to deliver 100 gallons of spray/A. In evaluating the various treatments, 25 roots were selected at random from each plot and the number damaged by wireworms, Systena sp.
Control of Aphids, Cabbage Looper, and Variegated Cutworms on Tomatoes, 1977
Authors: Henne Richard C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field plots were situated on a sandy loam soil with treatments replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Three-row plots, 5 ft apart and 20 ft long were planted at 12-inch spacing on May 16. Granular systemic insecticides were banded 2 inches deep, 6 inches from the plants on both sides of the row on May 23. Foliar treatments were initiated July 6 and repeated 5 times on a 10-dav schedule. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with drop nozzles on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center delivered 66 gallons of solution per acre at 300 psi. Data were collected only from the center row of each plot. Aphid populations were determined on August 18 by counting the number present on 10 terminal leaves selected at random from each plot.
Alfalfa Weevil and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of pure stand alfalfa located on the James Stewart Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire was utilized. Individual plots 11 x 20 ft were separated by a 5-ft buffer zone. Eight treatments arranged in a randomized block were replicated 3 times and compared to an untreated control. One broadcast granular treatment was applied on May 4, 1977, when the alfalfa was 6-in. tall, by evenly distributing preweighed doses over each plot using a cyclone seeder. Spray treatments were applied on May 27, 1977 when the alfalfa blotch leafminer eggs were beginning to hatch and small mines were forming. Sprays were applied using a 1-gallon B & G CO2-pressurized sprayer at 40 psi fitted with a 5-ft hand-held boom which carried four 8004 T-iet fan nozzels. The volume of spray was equivalent to 35 gallons/acre. Evaluations were made 7 days after the spray applications by counting the number of live alfalfa blotch leafminer larvae per 10 8-in. terminals and the number of alfalfa weevil larvae per 10 sweeps per plot.
Barley Armyworm Control, 1977
Authors: Akers R. C. , Roberts J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a field test at Tappahannock, Virginia, five insecticides were tested to determine their efficacy in armyworm control. Three replications of each treatment were applied to plots in a randomized block design. The plots con-sisted of a 7.3 m x 7.3 m area; each was separated by 0.6 m. Insecticides were applied on May 31 with a 11.4 litre hand compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 87.1 litre per acre at 25-30 psi. Evaluations of treatments were made 48 h after application by counting the total number of live larvae in five, randomly selected, one sq ft areas within each plot. Percent control was based on untreated checks.
Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1976
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn was planted at Groton, NY May 15, 1976. This test was of large block design utilizing commercial planting and application at the Gleason Farm, Groton, NY. Eight one acre blocks were planted on 36 inch row spacing in a clay shale loam soil. Seed corn was treated with 33% Diazinon + Graphite HB seed treatment and planted to approximate 22,000 plants/A population. Five recommended soil insecticides were applied in a 7 inch band in front of the presswheel at time of planting. A commercial IH 4 row corn planter each unit equipped with an E-Z Flo granular applicator with Fan spreader were individually calibrated to ensure proper application and delivery rate. Fertilization consisted of 200 lb of 10-20-10 corn starter per acre at planting along with 60 lb of liquid nitrogen sidedressed. Atrazine + Bladex was applied preemergence for weed control. All plots were 12 rows wide, the middle rows were used for sampling. Replication was done by subsampling the large blocks in 1/3 acre increments. Root samplings were made in each treatment randomized within insecticide block. Root ratings are based on the Iowa System (1-6: 1 = no noticeable feeding; 2 = feeding scars present; 3 = at least 1 root pruned; 4 = one full note of roots pruned; 5 = two nodes of roots pruned and 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots pruned). Grain yields represent tons/A corrected to 15.5% moisture content and an average of three 1/2000/acre samplings.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Suppression, 1977
Authors: Szatmari-Goodman Gary , Treece R. E. , Clement S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn was planted near Wooster (Wayne County) Ohio on May 9 and 26. Four recommended soil insecticides were applied at time of planting in the furrow or in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel using electric Gandy insecticide boxes mounted over each planter presswheel. Applications were made at 3 mph tractor ground speed. A split split plot design with 4 replicates was used (main plot = placement, sub plot = planting date, sub sub plot = insecticide). Plots were 2 rows wide (38 in spacing), 40 ft long, with 4 buffer rows between replicates that were contiguous and 20 ft alleyways between those that were not. The field had been in com for 7 years. Previous insecticide use consisted of 1 lb/acre Furadan in 1976 only. Soil type was silt loam, pH 6.64, organic matter 2.1%. Rainfall during May was less than half normal, but abundant rain during the following months brought the season’s total to above average. Soil temperature (4 in. depth) was 13°C on May 10, and 22°C on May 26. Larval damage was assessed on August 8, by digging and washing 24 root systems from each treatment (6/plot x 4 rep) and evaluating each root system on the standard Iowa 1-6 rating scale where 1 = little or no damage and 6 = three or more nodes of roots destroyed.
Laboratory Insecticide Bioassays,

M

.

Sanguinipes

, Bozeman, Montana, Winter, 1975-76
Authors: Mazuranich Philip C. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory-reared nymphs from eggs laid by field-collected adults were used in the bioassays. The nymphs were fed a diet of Balbo rye seedlings and wheat bran. Dosages of all toxicants were based on microgram or parts per million (active) per gram body weight.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland, Three Forks, Montana, August 1976
Authors: Mazuranich Philip C. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three experimental ULV formulations were applied to 10-acre plots in 30-foot swaths with a modified John Blue Low Volume Sprayer (John Blue Company, Huntsville, Al) mounted on a 3/4 ton 4-wheel drive truck. One material, an encapsulated formulations, was diluted 25% with water to insure proper flowage through the pressurized spray system; the other two formulations and the ULV malathion standard were sprayed undiluted. Tests were replicated 4 times. Mortality was determined at 3- and 7-day intervals by counting with a pointer the number of insects in twenty-five 1-yd2 (visual) samples per plot. The species listed above comprised 58, 21, 11, 8, and 2 percent of the infestation, respectively.
Paddy Water Application, IRRI Laboratory, 1976
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One kg ai/ha of granular formulation of insecticides was applied to the water of 45 day old plants growing in porcelain pots. One plant served as a replication and each treatment was replicated three times. Plants were kept in an air conditioned room at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C. A new group of ten insects/replicate of each species was placed into mylar cages covering the plants at 1, 7, and 14 days after insecticide treatment was applied (DT). Mortality values were recorded 48 hours after infestation. Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle Elm Bole Bioassay Tests, 1976
Authors: Barger Jack H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The boles of nursery-grown American elms, Ulmusamericana L., (10-15 cm in dbh) were treated with 4 insecticides from June 7-10, 1976, to determine the percentage of mortality among smaller European elm bark beetles attracted to Multilure (pheromone) baits attached to these boles. The experiment was a 2 x 3 x 8 factorial design. The treatment factors were 2 insecticide concentrations (3 and 12%), 3 beetle exposure times (5, 20, and 60 sec), and 8 bioassay periods (every 2 weeks for 16 weeks). Each combination was replicated 3 times. Insecticides were sprayed on the elm boles to the point of runoff; a Hudson 67609 hand sprayer was used to apply the insecticides. The mean temperature was 16.1°C (range: 2.2 to 35.0°C), and total rainfall was 39.4 cm during the study. At the appropriate posttreatment interval, phototoxicity was determined, the trees were felled, and a 30.5-cm bole section was removed from each tree. Bioassays were conducted by placing 20 newly emerged beetles on each bole section with vacuum forceps (1 beetle at a time for each exposure). After each exposure, beetles were removed, placed on filter paper in plastic petri dishes (15 x 100 mm), and held in darkness for 24 h at 30 - 1°C and 92 - 2% RH before mortality was determined. Mortality was pooled and averaged for all 3 exposure times at each concentration, because there were no significant differences in mortality among exposure times. LC50 and LC90 values were determined by interpolation.
Scolytus

Multistriatus

, Laboratory Bioassay, 1974-75
Authors: Page Marion , Greene Lula 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty insecticides were topically applied to the smaller european elm bark beetle and their relative order of toxicity to adult beetles was determined by bioassay. Insects had been collected from branches of infested American elms brought into the laboratory. Each insecticide was serially diluted in acetone and applied to the venter of cold (5°C) adults with an ISCO model M microapplicator equipped with a 1/4 cc tuberculin syringe. The dose rate was 1 μl/10 mg body weight. Adults averaged 3 mg. After treatment insects were held in moist powdered cellulose (alphacel) until mortality observations were made at 3 days. Data were analyzed by the log-dose probit method.
Ground Tests with Insecticides Against the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth in New Mexico, 1977
Authors: Linnane James P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ground application of several insecticides were tested to determine their effectiveness in reducing DFTM larval populations during June 1977. The test site was on the Santa Fe National Forest, ca. 35 miles southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Eighty Douglas-fir and white fir trees, 20 to 45 feet in height, were randomly selected for seven insecticidal treatments plus a control (10 trees/treatment). Insecticides were applied using a truck-mounted Bean 1010A hydraulic sprayer equipped with a FMC 29 adjustable nozzle. Estimates of DFTM larval densities on test trees made prior to and at 2, 7, and 14 day intervals after treatment.
Feeding Toxicity of Insecticides to Western Pine Beetle, 1977
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Kimball Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Feeding tests of the toxicity of 10 insecticides were conducted with adult western pine beetle collected from ponderosa pine bolts and bark gathered at Oakhurst, California. The toxicants were mixed in an artificial diet into which the beetles were placed. Five concentrations of each insecticide were serially diluted with acetone from stock solutions prepared for each of 3 replications of the study. Ten ml of hot artificial diet were placed in each 1 oz plastic jelly cup and packed firmly. Two hundred μl of toxicant were added and the diet was thoroughly stirred. After the diet cooled, it was chopped so that burrowing spaces were available to the beetles. Ten beetles were placed in each cup and a paper lid was used for closure. Mortality was tallied after 3 days.
Phytotoxicity Test, 1977
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Bogle David , Ree Bill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test consisted of evaluating Sumithion phytotoxicity on 8 different greenhouse potted plants in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Application equipment consisted of a modified B & G Compressed Air Sprayer, Model 104-S, nozzle stand and a motorized track. A Spraying Systems Multi-Teejet fan nozzle 800067 was attached to the nozzle stand and was transported by the motorized track. The nozzle (6 inch above the plant) delivered 2.75 oz of finished spray per min. at 20 psi at an application speed of 1.25 ft per second. Each test species was replicated 4 times along with a check. Plants were treated on August 5 and examined 24 hr., 72 hr., 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. All plants were kept in a greenhouse during the observation period.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Armyworm Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 17 treatments was applied to a bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana, on May 25, 1977. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 ft and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Half of the Lannate applications were repeated two weeks after the initial treatment. Granular applications were made with a 7 ft wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type of frame. Half of each plot was sampled June 8, July 5 and 19, 1977. A mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water was applied to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and the number of larvae that emerged counted.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Sod Webworm Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 17 treatments was applied to a bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana, on May 25, 1977. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 ft and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Half of the Lannate applications were repeated two weeks after the initial treatment. Granular applications were made with a 7 ft wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type of frame. Half of each plot was sampled June 8, July 5 and 19, 1977. A mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water was applied to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and the number of larvae that emerged counted.
Insecticide Evaluation for The Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs, 1977
Authors: Warren Clifford , Nutter F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for the control of Japanese beetle grubs on an infested Kentucky bluegrass fairway. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment (10 x 12 ft) was utilized. Insecticides were applied on September 1, 1977. Sprayable formulations were applied with a hand-hold CO2 powered boom sprayer at 40 psi in 3 gal of water per 1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a Gandy 36-inch spreader.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1977
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees at Winthrop, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at a rate of 250-300 gal per acre. The trees were sprayed on May 25 (petal fall), June 3, 14, 28, July 12, 26, and August 9 (first cover through sixth cover). Each material was applied on all dates except as noted in Tables. The fungicide program consisted on Difolatan 4F (4 qt/100 gal)at half-inch green and Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 Mcintosh and 2 Cortland cultivars per treatment in Test 1 and 4 Mcintosh per treatment in Test 2. Except for the test trees, these orchards were unsprayed. On August 26, 3/4 box of apples was picked from each tree and ca 550-610 apples were examined per treatment on September 4-11 for external egg punctures (apple maggot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feed-ing injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm).
Evaluation of Insecticide Baits for Cockroach Control, 1976
Authors: Bennett Gary W. , Lund Rea Dorette 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory feeding experiments were conducted to compare efficacy of baits exposed to the air for various lengths of time prior to testing. Four treatments were tested for a bait: (1) a blank bait (containing no pesticide), (2) a test bait, (3) a blank bait with ground dog chow, and (4) a test bait with ground dog chow. Blank bait treatments served as checks and the dog chow served as a competitive food source. Cockroaches were confined in 50 lb lard cans, each containing a circular wooden platform (25 cm diam). Holes (3 cm diam) were cut in the platform to increase the surface area available and afford access to the bait. The sides of the can were coated with a petroleum jelly/mineral oil solution to confine the cockroaches to the can bottom and platform. Fifty adult German cockroaches, 1/2 male and 1/2 female, were placed in each can. Five g of bait were placed in the bottom half of a 60 x 15 mm plastic petri dish which was then placed on top of the wooden platform. Ground dog chow, in a similar container, was placed in the appropriate treatments.