bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and suicidality in college students
Authors: Schiros Ashley , Antshel Kevin M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the association between anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and associated impairments (e.g., suicidality).MethodsA secondary data analysis of the American College Health Association‐National College Health Assessment IIc (Fall 2015–Spring 2019) was conducted to assess the prevalence of comorbid anorexia or bulimia + ADHD, symptoms, and impairments among college student (N = 342,432; Mage = 20.39, SD = 1.88). Logistic regressions were used to compare eating disorder symptomology, treatment utilisation, and suicidality among college students.ResultsCompared to college students without ADHD, college students with ADHD were 18.30× more likely to be diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia and reported greater use of weight loss techniques (p's < 0.001). College students with comorbid anorexia or bulimia + ADHD reported higher rates of dieting to lose weight (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.43, p < 0.001) and treatment utilisation (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50, p < 0.001) compared to college students with AN or BN only. The highest level of suicidality was reported in college students with the comorbid AN or BN + ADHD.ConclusionElevated eating disorder symptoms and comorbidity is found among college students with ADHD. Increased screening and prevention for anorexia and bulimia is needed among young adults with ADHD to enhance care for those with these eating disorders.
Engineering Te‐Containing Recognition Modules for Chalcogen Bonding: Towards Supramolecular Polymeric Materials
Authors: Romito Deborah , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAiming at the preparation of one‐dimensional (1D) chalcogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers at the solid state, this work describes the different syntheses which have been challenged to obtain ditopic molecular modules. At first, tellurazolopyridyl (TZP) rings have been chosen as recognition units, given their well‐proven ability and persistency to self‐assemble through double Te⋅⋅⋅N chalcogen bonds (ChBs). The second synthetic strategy dealt with the preparation of pyridyl‐modified ebselen Te‐containing analogues. By attempting several synthetic protocols, the targeted ebselen derivatives could not be obtained, whereas an unexpected Te‐containing lactone as well as a spiro‐type Te(IV)‐containing derivatives were isolated, with the latter investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence following mindfulness training
Authors: Leung Jovita T. , Piera Pi‐Sunyer Blanca , Ahmed Saz P. , Foulkes Lucy , Griffin Cait , Sakhardande Ashok , Bennett Marc , Dunning Darren L. , Griffiths Kirsty , Parker Jenna , Kuyken Willem , Williams J. Mark G. , Dalgleish Tim , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMindfulness training programmes have shown to encourage prosocial behaviours and reduce antisocial tendencies in adolescents. However, less is known about whether training affects susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. The current study investigated the effect of mindfulness training (compared with an active control) on self‐reported prosocial and antisocial tendencies and susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. 465 adolescents aged 11–16 years were randomly allocated to one of two training programmes. Pre‐ and post‐training, participants completed a social influence task. Self‐reported likelihood of engaging in prosocial and antisocial behaviours did not change post‐training, and regardless of training group, participants showed a higher propensity for prosocial influence than for antisocial influence. Finally, participants were less influenced by antisocial ratings following both training programmes.
Net carbon balance study for selected roads in Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors: Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C. , Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , García-Gil Alejandro , Márquez Josefina Hernández , Morales Carmen Gara Ramos , Castañeda Ignacio Demaria , Yuste Raul J. Pradana , Rayo Marta Espejo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide emissions linked to the transport sector are particularly relevant to islands. The Canary Islands have high level of tourism, with tourists who generally travel in rented vehicles on arrival in the archipelago. In addition, mobility of the local population in the islands is also always growing. Thus, transport is one of the sectors that emits the greatest amount of greenhouse gases. In this sense, the net carbon balance becomes a pioneering study in the framework of management of high-capacity road transport routes and will help plan new strategies, which pursue the neutrality and climate resilience of the road network. It will therefore be possible to design different future scenarios, according to traffic intensities detected, to mitigate their local effects by increasing green areas, which will contribute to greater absorption. This study calculated the carbon footprint linked to vehicles on the three high-capacity roads on the island of Tenerife, as well as the carbon footprint of the public lighting attached to these roads. The absorption of carbon by vegetation planted by the Road Service and the soil located on the margins of the road have also been calculated to explore the possibility of modifying the vegetation, using other types of local shrubs and trees that have a higher absorption factor. The results demonstrate that conifers have the highest absorption factor, the Canary Island pine being the best option in this case. However, it is not always possible to place trees on the roadside, and it is necessary to resort to smaller species. This study concludes that better mobility planning, an increase in electric vehicles, improved energy production from renewable sources, and the promotion and enhancement of absorption capacity of carbon sinks are key in the face of climate change. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1023–1030. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
The CHK2 kinase is recurrently mutated and functionally impaired in the germline of pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Wagener Rabea , Walter Carolin , Auer Franziska , Alzoubi Deya , Hauer Julia , Fischer Ute , Varghese Julian , Dugas Martin , Borkhardt Arndt , Brozou Triantafyllia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPredisposing CHEK2 germline variants are associated with various adult‐type malignancies, whereas their impact on cancer susceptibility in childhood cancer is unclear. To understand the frequency of germline variants in the CHEK2 gene and their impact on pediatric malignancies, we used whole‐exome sequencing to search for CHEK2 variants in the germlines of 418 children diagnosed with cancer in our clinics. Moreover, we performed functional analysis of the pathogenic CHEK2 variants to analyze the effect of the alterations on CHK2 protein function. We detected a CHEK2 germline variant in 32/418 (7.7%) pediatric cancer patients and 46.8% of them had leukemia. Functional analysis of the pathogenic variants revealed that 5 pathogenic variants impaired CHK2 protein function. 6/32 patients carried one of these clearly damaging CHEK2 variants and two of them harbored a matching family history of cancer. In conclusion, we detected germline CHEK2 variants in 7.7% of all pediatric cancer patients, of which a minority but still relevant fraction of approximately 20% had a profound impact on protein expression or its phosphorylation after irradiation‐induced DNA damage. Accordingly, we conclude that CHEK2 variants increase the risk for not only adult‐onset but also pediatric cancer.
Older women testing positive forHPV16/18 on cervical screening and risk of high‐grade cervical abnormality
Authors: Roberts Jennifer Margaret , Machalek Dorothy A. , Butler Bethan C. , Crescini Joanne , Garland Suzanne M. , Farnsworth Annabelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Australia's HPV‐based cervical screening program, we previously showed that risk of histological high‐grade abnormality at 1 year post screening decreased with age in women with oncogenic HPV. In this study, we followed 878 HPV16/18 positive women aged 55 years and over for up to 3 years post screening test, to determine the proportion with histological high‐grade abnormality (HGA, incorporating high‐grade squamous intraepithelial abnormality (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma) and to correlate risk of HGA with liquid‐based cytology result and with prior screening history. HGA was detected in 7.8% at 1 year and 10.0% at 3 years, with no significant difference (P = .136), despite the number of women with follow‐up information significantly increasing from 82.9% to 91.0% (P < .0001). The proportion of HPV16/18 positive women with HGA at 3 years was highest in those with an HSIL cytology result (79.0%) and lowest in those with negative cytology (6.2%). Women with an adequate screening history had fewer HGA than such women with inadequate prior screening (6.6% vs 16.0%,P = .001) or with a history of an abnormality (6.6% vs 14.4%,P = .001). HPV16/18 infection in women over 55 years may have a different natural history from that in younger women, in whom HGA are more common after HPV16/18 detection. In HPV‐based cervical screening programs, management algorithms for screen‐detected abnormalities based on risk stratification should include factors such as age, screening history and index cytology result, so that women receive appropriate investigation and follow‐up.
Remote assessments of human pressure on biodiversity may miss important human threats
Authors: Mammides Christos , Martini Francesco , Kounnamas Constantinos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMonitoring human pressure on biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) remains a challenging task due to the vast number of PAs worldwide (>250,000) and the fact that we lack basic information for most of them. Consequently, researchers are increasingly relying on remote sensing techniques to overcome this challenge. However, remote assessments of human pressure on biodiversity may miss crucial threats, such as hunting and invasive species, which are often best documented through in situ field surveys. Here, we use a unique European Union dataset documenting human threats within 8210 PAs through field surveys to assess the relationship between those threats and three commonly used indices of human pressure that are largely derived using remote‐sensing methods—the Human Footprint and Human Modification indices and the LandScan Global Population Database. We find that the indices are not always related to the threats recorded within PAs through field surveys. The indices seem to best capture threats associated with urbanization, agriculture, and pollution but not necessarily others. Although remote assessments of human pressure on biodiversity are crucial for conservation, researchers and practitioners must be aware of their limitations and must complement such assessments with information collected in the field whenever possible.
We need to accelerate the digitization of existing botanical information and complete the global plant inventory
Authors: Corlett Richard T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe availability of a global checklist of known land plants makes it possible to bring together all botanical information and make it accessible online. Two obstacles remain, however. First, most existing information is not yet digitized. Second, an estimated 10%‒25% more species are still undescribed and therefore invisible to science.
Fingolimod attenuates ovalbumin‐induced airway inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/ERK signaling in mice
Authors: Makled Mirhan N. , El‐Sheakh Ahmed R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current study was designed to investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fingolimod against Ovalbumin (Ova)‐induced allergic airway inflammation compared to dexamethasone. Fingolimod was given (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for sensitized mice 1 h before Ova challenge from Days 19 to 24. Fingolimod significantly inhibited Ova‐induced elevation of inflammatory cells and eosinophils numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and reduced concentrations of immunoglobulin E in serum and of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, interleukin (IL)‐4, and IL‐13 in BALF. Fingolimod inhibited microvascular leakage and edema as reflected by the decreased lung/body weight index. These findings were supported by histopathological examination results showing that fingolimod substantially decreased perivascular edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Fingolimod also attenuated Ova‐induced oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde concentration along with increasing concentrations of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in lung tissues. Fingolimod also significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), p‐ERK, and p‐P38 in lung tissues of Ova‐challenged mice. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fingolimod in allergic airway inflammation that might be associated with the downregulation of mitogen activated kinases signaling to decrease T helper 2 cytokine secretion (IL‐4 and IL‐13) and MCP‐1 expression, along with the inhibition of oxidative stress.
Using the robotic platform in the therapy of multifocal ground glass opacities
Authors: Udelsman Brooks V. , Blasberg Justin D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to their association with invasive adenocarcinoma, ground glass opacities that reach 3 cm in size, develop a solid component ≥2 mm on mediastinal windows, or exhibit ≥25% annual growth warrant operative resection. Minimally invasive techniques are preferred given that approximately one third of patients will present with multifocal focal disease and may require additional operations. A robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgical approach can be used with percutaneous or bronchoscopic localization techniques and are compatible with developing intraoperative molecular targeting techniques.
Coral rubble dynamics in the Anthropocene and implications for reef recovery
Authors: Kenyon Tania M. , Doropoulos Christopher , Wolfe Kennedy , Webb Gregory E. , Dove Sophie , Harris Daniel , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith rubble predicted to increase on coral reefs worldwide, we review the physical, biological, and ecological dynamics of rubble beds, with a focus on how rubble generation, mobilization, binding, and coral recruitment is expected to change on future reefs. Major disturbances, including storms and coral bleaching, are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency, and—like localized impacts including blast fishing and ship groundings—generate large quantities of coral rubble. Reefs will have increasingly smaller recovery windows between successive disturbances, leading to persistence of unstable rubble beds on reefs. With more severe storms and increased bioerosion on future reefs, rubble mobilization thresholds will be met more often as smaller, less complex rubble pieces are generated. If rubble remains stable for adequate time, it can be bound by organisms including sponges and coralline algae, and eventually be cemented. However, increasing rubble mobilization frequencies will reduce the time available for binding, while changing ocean chemistry could reduce the efficacy of calcifying binders. Ultimately, increased rubble cover will negatively impact coral recruitment into rubble beds. Rubble mobilization abrades and smothers corals, and rubble beds typically experience altered environmental and ecological conditions to the coral frameworks that precede them. Several knowledge gaps exist in relation to improved rubble mobilization thresholds, binding rates and strengths, and coral survival in varying rubble bed types and hydrodynamic regimes. Addressing these knowledge gaps will improve our ability to predict the recovery trajectory of rubble beds and assess the need for stabilization interventions.
Recent Development of Brain Organoids for Biomedical Application
Authors: Kim HanSol , Jang Eun Jo , Sankpal Narendra V. , Patel Madhumita , Patel Rajkumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the years, scientists have studied the behavior and anatomy of many animals to understand the own species. However, despite the continuous efforts, it is often difficult to know for certain how the brain works due to the differences between the brains of animals and the human brain. While the use of animal models for research continues, the origin of human cognition and neurological disorders needs further elucidation. To that end, in vitro organoids that exhibit in vivo characteristics of the human brain have been recently developed. These brain‐like organoids enable researchers to dive deeper into understanding the human brain, its neurological structures, and the causes of neurological pathologies. This paper reviews the recent developments in the regeneration of brain‐like organoids using Matrigel and other alternatives. Further, gel‐free methods that may enhance the regeneration process of organoids are discussed. Finally, the vascularized brain organoid growth and development in both in vitro and in vivo conditions are detailed.
Brand placements in video games: How local in‐game experiences influence brand attitudes
Authors: Ingendahl Moritz , Vogel Tobias , Maedche Alexander , Wänke Michaela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrand placements are omnipresent in video games, but their overall effect on brand attitudes is small and varies substantially between studies. The present research takes an evaluative conditioning perspective to explain when and how brand placements in video games influence brand attitudes. In two experiments with a 3D first‐person video game, we show that only brands encountered during positive in‐game experiences benefit from the placement, but not those encountered during negative in‐game experiences. Building on the cognitive processes underlying evaluative conditioning, we also show that brand attitudes largely depend on the memory for the pairing of a brand with positive/negative in‐game experiences. Pairing memory and thus also evaluative conditioning effects increase when players attend to the pairing of brands and positive/negative experiences, for example, when such pairings are a central part of the game's storyline. Overall, our findings show that evaluative conditioning and its cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to explain and predict advertising effects in applied settings, such as brand placements in video games.
KIN17 promotes cell migration and invasion through stimulating the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dai Zichang , Huang Qiyuan , Huang Xueran , Zhu Chuiyu , Zahid Kashif Rafiq , Liu Tiancai , Li Qiuyan , Wu Chunmei , Peng Minghui , Xiao Xiangyan , Raza Umar , Yu Nan , Zeng Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKIN17 DNA and RNA binding protein (Kin17) is involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis of diverse human cancers. However, its role in the cancer progression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry staining were used to investigate the expression pattern of KIN17 and its prognostic value in HCC patients. The transwell, wound‐healing assay was employed to determine the effects of KIN17 on migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. The tail veins model was employed to determine the effects of KIN17 on lung metastasis in vivo. The biological mechanisms involved in cell migration and invasion regulated by KIN17 were determined with Western blot analysis method. KIN17 expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, with particularly higher in portal vein tumor thrombus and intrahepatic metastasis tissues. Patients with higher KIN17 expression experienced poor overall and disease free survival. KIN17 knockdown in HuH7 and HepG2 cells significantly reduced cell migration and invasion abilities, whereas its overexpression promoted migration and invasion in MHCC‐97L and HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo. In HuH7 and HepG2 cells, KIN17 knockdown inhibited the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway. In contrast, KIN17 overexpression stimulated TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway in MHCC‐97L and HepG2 cells, along with the genes involved in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. These findings suggest that KIN17 promotes migration and invasion in HCC cells by stimulating the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway. KIN17 could be a promising prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Presynaptic Hemiparkinsonism Following Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Malaquias Maria João , Magrinelli Francesca , Quattrone Andrea , Neo Ray Jen , Latorre Anna , Mulroy Eoin , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundCerebral toxoplasmosis (CTx) is a central nervous system opportunistic infection with variable neurological manifestations. Although tropism of Toxoplasma gondii for the basal ganglia is well known, movement disorders (MDs) represent only a small percentage of CTx‐related neurological complications. CTx‐associated MDs are usually hyperkinetic, whereas parkinsonism associated with evidence of presynaptic dopaminergic deficit has never been described.CaseWe report a human immunodeficiency virus–positive patient who developed a complex MD featuring unilateral tremor combined with parkinsonism and dystonia following an acute episode of disseminated CTx. Her dopamine transporter scan (DaTscan) documented contralateral presynaptic dopaminergic deficit. Levodopa initiation improved both tremor and parkinsonism after ineffective trials of several other medications over the years.Literature ReviewA total of 64 patients presenting with CTx‐related MDs have been described. The most common MD was chorea (44%), followed by ataxia (20%), parkinsonism (16%), tremor (14%), dystonia (14%), myoclonus (3%), and akathisia (2%). DaTscan was performed only in 1 case, of Holmes tremor, that demonstrated reduced presynaptic dopaminergic uptake. Positive response to dopaminergic treatment was reported in 3 cases of Holmes tremor and 2 cases of parkinsonism.ConclusionsPresynaptic dopaminergic deficit may occur in CTx‐related tremor combined with parkinsonism. Its identification should prompt initiation of levodopa, thus avoiding unnecessary trials of other drugs.