bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term adjuvant administration of temozolomide impacts serum ions concentration in high-grade glioma
Authors: Zhong Liyun , Yang Pei , Zhang Chuanbao , Wang Zheng , Jiang Tao , Chen Baoshi , Shan Xia , Qiu Xiaoguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy with standard regimen remarkably improves survival in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). However, the influence of long-term TMZ chemotherapy on serum ions concentration is unclear.

Methods
One hundred and thirty-eight patients with HGG were included. Their blood samples were collected for blood biochemistry and routine test. The alteration in serum ions concentration, total protein, albumin, globin, and blood cells counts were used to identify the impact of long-term TMZ chemotherapy.

Results
Through the comparation of quantitative value of diverse parameters among different chemotherapy cycles, we identified that serum potassium concentration had a downward trend after TMZ administration (1st vs. 6th, p < 0.001; 1st vs. 12th, p < 0.001). Additionally, the correlation analysis showed that platelets was negatively correlated with chemotherapy cycles (r = − 0.649, p = 0.023). The hematological adverse events mainly centered on grade 1 to 2.

Conclusion
Long-term administration of TMZ may lead to serum ions disturbance. Besides the myelosuppression, we should pay attention to the alteration in serum ions concentration, and give patients proper symptomatic treatment when necessary.
Is it time for Africa to adopt primaquine in the era of malaria control and elimination?
Authors: Mwaiswelo Richard O. , Kabuga Hamis , Kweka Eliningaya J. , Baraka Vito 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimaquine is a gametocytocidal drug known to significantly reduce malaria transmission. However, primaquine induces a dose-dependent acute hemolytic anemia (AHA) in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency that has led to a limited use of the drug especially in Africa where the condition is common. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends a single low dose (SLD) of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) as P. falciparum gametocytocidal without the need for prior screening of G6PD status. Adoption and implementation of SLD primaquine in Africa may probably reduce malaria transmission, a pre-requisite for malaria elimination. This review therefore, focused on the safety of primaquine for control of malaria in Africa. The literature search was performed using online database Google Scholar, PubMed, HINARI, and Science Direct. Search terms used were “malaria”, “primaquine”, “safety”, “G6PD deficiency”, “large scale” or “mass administration”. Clinical trials in many African countries have shown SLD primaquine to be safe especially in a milder African G6PD A- variant. Likewise, large-scale primaquine administrations outside Africa involving hundreds of thousands to tenths of millions of participants and with severe variants of G6PD deficiency have also shown primaquine to be safe and well-tolerated. Fourteen deaths associated with primaquine have been reported globally over the past 6 decades, but none occurred following the administration of SLD primaquine. Available evidence shows that the WHO-recommended SLD primaquine dose added to effective schizonticides is safe and well-tolerated even in individuals with G6PD deficiency, and therefore, it can be safely used in the African population with the mildest G6PD A- variant.
Role of MRI special diffusion weighted imaging/diffusion tensor imaging techniques in the assessment of perianal fistula activity
Authors: ElSharbatly Radwa , Halim Manal , Shaker Fady , Mashhour Abdrabou N. , Azzam Heba 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Pre-operative MRI examination is currently considered as an evolving tool for assessment of perianal fistula types, extensions, and complications to achieve proper treatment plan. Proper assessment of fistula activity can also have a major contributing role to the treatment plan, through deciding the type of prescribed medications, proper surgical approach as well as the proper operative intervention timing. Reviewing literature, only few studies have mentioned the importance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences in diagnosing perianal fistula activity, yet many studies have discussed the perianal fistula activity assessment using other diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. In the present study, the main objective was to prove the MRI quantitative DTI sequences’ ability of diagnosing perianal fistulae inflammatory activity.

Results
This study was a prospective analysis in which fistular activity was confirmed by intra-operative findings (considered as the standard reference). The cases included in the study were divided into two groups, based on their surgical findings, positive inflammatory and negative inflammatory groups. Both groups were pre-operatively assessed using MRI imaging and additionally used diffusion weighted and tensor imaging (DWI and DTI) sequences by special post-processing quantitative assessment of DTI FA and ADC values. There was significant statistical difference between the mean ADC value of the PIA and NIA groups in the track, edema, ipsilateral and contralateral sphincter areas with P values (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.002 and 0.000 respectively). There was also significant difference between the mean FA value of the PIA and NIA groups in the track, edema, ipsilateral and contralateral sphincter areas with P values (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.008 respectively).

Conclusion
This study results revealed that FA are relatively lower in positive inflammatory activity lesions than in negative inflammatory activity lesions while the ADC values were relatively higher in positive inflammatory activity lesions than in negative inflammatory activity lesions and the differences were statistically significant having a fundamental role in the assessment of perianal fistula activity especially at the track area being of highest sensitivity and specificity. Unlike conventional MRI sequences which revealed only high specificity being a good negative modality.
Impact of Limited E-Health Literacy on the Overall Survival of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Heudel Pierre E. , Delrieu Lidia , Dumas Elise , Crochet Hugo , Hodroj Khalil , Charrier Isabelle , Chvetzoff Gisèle , Durand Thierry , Blay Jean-Yves 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE Digitalization of the health care system is transforming cancer patient care. Although many studies have investigated the determinants of a limited digital health literacy, the association between frailty factors and overall survival (OS) of these patients has never been assessed. METHODS A retrospective noninterventional study included 15,244 adult patients with cancer diagnosed between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, and treated at the Centre Léon Bérard. Limited e-health literacy was defined as the absence of an e-mail address in the electronic patient record. An Inverse Probability of Treatment-Weighted Kaplan-Meier estimate and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model including interaction terms were used to adjust for confounding on measured covariates. RESULTS In total, 15,244 adults with cancer were included: 55% women, with a median age of 62 years (19-103), and 35.5% had a metastatic disease. More than half (n = 8,771, 57.5%) had entered their e-mail address in their electronic patient record, and 4,020 (26.4%) opened their own patient portal. The median follow-up was 3.6 years (range: 0-6.8). Inverse Probability of Treatment-weighted Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a significantly better OS for patients with an e-mail address ( P < .001). In multivariate analysis integrating interaction terms, male gender (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.41; P < .001), older age (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.03; P < .001), de novo metastatic setting (HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 2.47 to 2.79; P < .001), and no e-mail address (HR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.00; P < .001) were significantly associated with worse OS. CONCLUSION Our results support a strong association between the limited level of literacy and OS. A more in-depth study integrating variables such as socioeconomic level and location of residence would enrich these results.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patterns of Care and Outcome of Head and Neck Cancer: Real-World Experience From a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in India
Authors: Venkatasai Jeyaanth , John Christopher , Kondavetti Satish Srinivas , Appasamy Mallika , Parasuraman Lakshminarasimhan , Ambalathandi Ravichandran , Masilamani Hemavathi 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSEThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented health, social, and economic unrest globally, particularly affecting resource-limited low-middle–income countries. The resultant curfew had made the access to and delivery of cancer care services an arduous task. We have reported the patterns of care and 1-year outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment before and during COVID-19 lockdown at our institution.MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients who underwent radiation therapy (RT) for nonmetastatic HNSCC between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, were included in the COVID-RT group, and those who were treated between October 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020, were included in the preCOVID-RT group.RESULTSA total of 25 patients were in the COVID-RT group, and 51 patients were in the preCOVID-RT group. An increase in the incidence of locally advanced cancers across all subsites was observed in the COVID-RT group. There was a steep increase in the median overall RT treatment duration (52 v 44) and median break days during RT (10 v 2) in the COVID-RT group. The median follow-up period of all patients was 18 months. The progression-free survival at 1 year in the COVID-RT group and preCOVID-RT group was 84% and 90%, respectively ( P = .08), and overall survival at 1 year was 86% and 96%, respectively ( P = .06).CONCLUSIONOur study elucidates the adverse impact of the COVID-19 curfew on cancer care and has demonstrated safe delivery of RT for HNSCC without major acute adverse effects. Despite a significant increase in treatment breaks, early outcome data also suggest that 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival are comparable with that of the pre–COVID-19 times; however, longer follow-up is warranted.
Shape-free theory for the self-assembly kinetics in macromolecular systems
Authors: Trugilho L. F. , Rizzi L. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although temperature-dependent self-assembly kinetics is usually described by approaches which assume that the macromolecular aggregates have a definite shape, sometimes that assumption might be inappropriate, as in the case of several colloidal and biopolymeric systems. Here we consider a simple model for particle aggregation which displays a first-order phase transition in order to illustrate a rate theory based on microcanonical thermostatistics that allows one to obtain a shape-free description of its thermally induced self-assembly kinetics. Stochastic simulations are performed to validate our approach and demonstrate how the equilibrium thermostatistics properties of the system can be related to the temperature-dependent rate constants. As a model-independent kinetic approach, it may provide experimentalists with a reliable method to extract information about free-energy profiles and microcanonical entropies from kinetic data.
Probing the electronic, elastic, mechanical and anisotropic features of ZrTiX4 alloys via density functional theory
Authors: Uğur Gökay , Uğur Şule , Özdemir Alptuğ , Güler Melek , Güler Emre 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zr-Ti-X ternary alloys are striking materials of the latest technology because of their excellent and desired mechanical aspects. Therefore, electronic, elastic, mechanical and anisotropic properties of ZrTiX4 (X = Cr, Mo, W) alloys were probed in this work for the first time via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computed electronic band structures disclose the metallic nature of all alloys. Further, the calculated elastic stiffness constants and linking mechanical data of all alloys demonstrate mechanical stability. All surveyed alloys display ductile mechanical character where ZrTiCr4 and ZrTiMo4 alloys are found to be more ductile than ZrTiW4. On the other hand, ZrTiW4 was determined to be approximately two times harder than the ZrTiCr4 and ZrTiMo4 alloys with a Vickers Hardness value of 8.47 GPa. Both numerical and three-dimensional (3D) analyses reveal the presence of elastic anisotropy in ZrTiX4 (X = Cr, Mo, W) alloys.
Subcutaneous Infusion of rhPTH1-34 During Pregnancy and Nursing in a Woman With Autosomal Dominant Hypoparathyroidism 1
Authors: Shulman Dorothy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report a successful pregnancy in a young woman with autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism type 1 (ADH1) due to an activating mutation of the calcium sensing receptor (CASR) (c.2519C&gt;T; p.Ala840Val) who was treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH)1-34 delivered via continuous subcutaneous infusion using an OmniPod pump. She experienced no tetany or hospitalizations during the pregnancy. Serum calcium levels ranged from 7.2 to 9.8 mg/dL. Due to mild preeclampsia, her infant was delivered at 37 weeks. There were no physical anomalies. The patient continued pump therapy while nursing her daughter, who was ultimately confirmed to have the same CASR mutation. Breastfeeding appeared to protect the infant from significant hypocalcemia without the need for calcium or calcitriol supplementation until weaning at a year of age. A role for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is suggested.
Austen, Gaskell, and the Politics of Domestic Fiction
Authors: Sussman Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay offers a significant reconceptualization of Jane Austen’s influence on political novelists of the mid-nineteenth century by examining Elizabeth Gaskell’s extensive use of Pride and Prejudice (1813) in her novel North and South (1855). At a moment when the political dimensions of Austen’s fictions were fading to obscurity, Gaskell drew on Austen’s portrayal of domestic relationships to underscore their relevance to “public” problems. On this view, the Austenian courtship plot does not contain political anxieties so much as animate them, with the logic of complementary coupling providing a formal and thematic model for the dialectical engagements necessary for navigating social conflict. At the same time, Gaskell uses Austenian motifs to dramatize the “marriageability” of different generic frameworks during a time of regional fragmentation while also envisioning Austen as a parental figure whose legacy called for continuing negotiation.
Everybody’s Autotheory
Authors: Cavitch Max 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis essay historicizes the emergence of the term autotheory as the signifier of a mode of autobiographical writing and reading based primarily on intersubjective histories and relational ontologies. Instead of trying to define autotheory as a neatly circumscribed “subgenre” of autobiography, it argues that the term stands for a contemporary disturbance in the entire autobiographical field—a disturbance that, thanks in large part to the queer and feminist genealogies that inform it, helps disrupt the close association of autobiography and the prizing of ontological certainty and reorients the autobiographical pursuit of (self-)recognition away from the scripts of neoliberal individualism and toward the self’s more radical and formative intersubjectivity.
“Bringing Humanity Full Circle Back into the Sea”
Authors: Rozwadowski Helen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFuturists have recognized the ocean’s depths as resembling space in its promise as a setting for human success, survival, or redemption. Imagined futures of the ocean have been intertwined with reflections on human evolution and what it means to be human. In 1962 Jacques Cousteau announced Homo aquaticus, a vision involving both technological intervention and natural adaptation to intentionally evolve a species of human to live underwater. The story of Homo aquaticus reveals the extent to which humanity’s future has become tied to the ocean. This article historicizes the casual and common understanding that humans are connected to the sea by investigating the precursors to the Homo aquaticus idea, the attempts to realize this prediction through technology, and the legacies emerging from it. Homo aquaticus and its allied visions, while animated by older traditions, flourished in the historical context of intensely optimistic post–World War II hopes for human exploitation of the ocean, especially its depths. In the face of environmental change and awareness, subsequent versions reflect yearnings merely for survival of the human species. The origin, shape, and fate of the Homo aquaticus idea offer insights into our human relationship with the rapidly changing ocean environment, while its persistence may reflect hope for prospective solutions to encroaching, human-caused disasters.
Depressive symptoms and their sociodemographic determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rabeya Rokshana , Alam Nur , Sonia Zannatul Ferdous , Mohajon Dipa Rani , Arafat Yasin , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study, which took place in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July to December 2020, included 338 HIV-positive people. The method used was a simple random sampling technique. The Beck Depression Inventory assessed depression in HIV-positive people (BDI). Results: More than 62 percent of the 338 people surveyed had severe depression, 30.5 percent had moderate depression, 5.6 percent had mild depression, and 1.8 percent had no depression at all. Age, being a man, being married, and having a low monthly income were all significant predictors of depression. Conclusions: This study found that depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among HIV-positive patients in Bangladesh. The authors recommend that health care providers address depressive disorders for people with HIV/ AIDS comprehensively.
Using social annotation to construct knowledge with others: A case study across undergraduate courses
Authors: Morales Esteban , Kalir Jeremiah H. , Fleerackers Alice , Alperin Juan Pablo 
Published: February 2022

Background: Social annotation (SA) is a genre of learning technology that enables the addition of digital notes to shared texts and affords contextualized peer-to-peer online discussion. A small body of literature examines how SA, as asynchronous online discussion, can contribute to students’ knowledge construction (KC)—or a process whereby learners collaborate through shared socio-cognitive practices. This case study analyzed how SA enabled student participation in seven KC activities, such as interpretation and elaboration. Methods: We analyzed 2,121 annotations written by 59 students in three undergraduate courses at a Canadian University in the Winter 2019 semester. Using a method of open coding and constant comparison, we coded each annotation for evidence of KC activities. Results: Results showed a range of KC activities in students’ SA. Across courses, interpretation was the most common KC activity (40%), followed by elaboration (20%). Annotations that were part of peer-to-peer discussion included all seven types of KC activities, but some activities, such as consensus building, support, and conflict, were almost exclusively found in replies to others. Conclusions: This study suggests that SA is a productive form of online learning through which undergraduate students in multiple disciplinary contexts can interact with peers, make sense of academic content, and construct knowledge by reading and writing together.
Nomogram to predict changes in semen parameters following clomiphene citrate therapy for males with abnormal semen parameters
Authors: Alasmi Raed , Lau Susan , Ji Xinge , Kattan Michael W , Jarvi Keith A 
Published: February 2022

Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is known to improve semen quality for men with infertility, but there are no published algorithms to predict the changes in an individual’s semen parameters following CC therapy. Since there are multiple options to treat men with infertility, a model to predict the outcomes of CC therapy would allow men to make a more informed decision on their treatment choices. Methods: This is a prospective study on a cohort of 121 infertile men being treated empirically with CC 25 mg every other day for a minimum of three months. Men were included if they did not have other active fertility therapies other than the use of supplements. Semen samples and a hormone profile (including total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH)) were provided prior to and at least three months after initiation of therapy. The patient age, pre-CC hormone values and semen parameters were used to develop a nomogram to predict the post-CC hormone values and semen parameters. The model was developed with predictors selected using backward selection methods by minimizing root mean square error evaluated on 500 bootstrap runs. A zero-inflated negative binomial modeling (ZINB) approach was used to model sperm concentration and sperm motility. A generalized linear model for the Gamma distribution was used to model testosterone. A linear model was used to model log transformed LH, FSH and semen volume. Results: Post-CC sperm parameters and hormone values were predicted by the pre-CC sperm concentration, hormone values and patient. Nomograms were developed to predict the outcomes of CC therapy based on pre-CC parameters. Conclusion: These new models will help physicians personalize care by predicting the outcomes of therapy and allow clinicians to tailor the treatment to the individual couple.
The second wave: estimating the hidden asymptomatic prevalence of COVID-19 in Ireland as we plan for imminent immunisation
Authors: Comiskey Catherine , Snel Anne , Banka Prakashini 
Published: February 2022

Since the first case of COVID-19 in Ireland was recorded policy makers have introduced mitigation measures to control the spread of infection. Infection is spread by both known cases and hidden, undetected asymptomatic cases. Asymptomatic individuals are people who transmit the virus but display no clinical symptoms. Current evidence reveals that this population is a major contributing factor to the spread of the disease. There is little or no knowledge of the scale of the hidden prevalence of all infections both asymptomatic and symptomatic in Ireland. Furthermore, as governments plan for the roll out of imminent immunisation programmes, the need to know the scale of the hidden prevalence and hence knowledge of the level of immunisation required is essential. We describe and analyse the numbers of reported cases of COVID-19 in Ireland from the first case in February 2020 to mid-December 2020. Using the method of back-calculation we provide estimates of the asymptomatic prevalence of cases from June to December 2020. The descriptive analysis highlighted two epidemic waves of known cases in the time period. Wave two from June to December included twice as many cases as wave one and cases were significantly younger. The back-calculation estimates of asymptomatic prevalence during this time period revealed that for every case known there was an additional unknown case and total prevalence in wave two was estimated to be approximately 95,000 as opposed to the reported 48,390 cases. As prevalence in wave two is known to be spreading within and from younger age groups the role of mixing patterns on spread needs to be disseminated to the wider public to adequately inform them how personal modifications in behaviour can contribute to the control of the epidemic. While universally imposed lockdowns and mitigation measures may be essential, personal behavioural mixing choices are powerful protectors.