bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual prostate symptom score (VPSS). Is it an effective alternative for the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms? Experience in a reference center in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Rivera-Oliva Dori Daisy 
Published: February 2022

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) assesses lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In our Department, we receive Mayan-speaking patients with low educational levels, which makes it difficult for them to understand the questionnaire. The visual prostate symptom score (VPSS) overcomes these barriers.
Objectives: To correlate the VPSS score with the IPSS one, in patients with LUTS who attend the Urology Department of the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad, to determine the prevalence of patients requiring assistance in answering both instruments. The correlation between the IPSS and VPSS and the Qmax of these patients will be evaluated.
Material and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed in men of 40 years of age or older with LUTS, between January 2019 to January 2020. Uroflowmetry was performed and the VPSS and IPSS were applied to them, identifying those who required help to answer the questions. Pearson or Spearman correlation tests were performed according to the distribution of the data, evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Categorical variables were compared using X2 or Fischer's test.
Results: Eighty-one men with LUTS were included. The mean age was 62.89+9.52. A significant correlation was found between total VPSS and total IPSS (r=0.708, p<0.001). 83.8% (n=67) of patients were able to answer the IPSS, and 98.8% (n=79) were able to answer the VPSS. The percentage of patients who required help to solve the IPSS was 43.5% (n=34) and the VPSS was 25% (n=20). No significant correlations were found between VPSS and Qmax (r=-.123, p=0.277), and IPSS and Qmax (r=-0.085, p=0.456).
Conclusions: The VPSS is a useful instrument in the assessment of LUTS, as it correlates with the IPSS. It also overcomes the barriers of language and educational level. However, it overestimates the severity of the symptoms referred by the patient. Then, studies are needed to improve this instrument.
Women with bladder cancer: an underserved population due to a faulty health care system or in a biological disadvantage?
Authors: Barragán-Carrillo Regina , Remolina-Bonilla Yuly Andrea , Caballero-Landinez Rosa Elena , Bourlon de los Rios Maria Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although men are four times more frequently diagnosed than women with urothelial bladder cancer, clinical outcomes greatly differ between both genders, as women present a higher lethality rate, as well as a greater loss of life expectancy. At diagnosis, women present more advanced clinical stages, situation which has led to many efforts to elucidate the social determinants of health and the biological factors implied. Women face different challenges associated with a delay in both, diagnosis and treatment, a more limited access to systemic treatment, and lower response rates associated with immunotherapy. Women are underrepresented in the main chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other systemic treatment trials, as they comprise only 15 to 25% of the overall population, limiting the possibility of drawing any definitive conclusions. Furthermore, through gene expression analysis, women have been linked to a more aggressive biological subtype of bladder cancer (basal), a higher rate of FGFR 1-4 mutated tumors, lower rate of NECTIN-4 expression, and a higher prevalence of germline mutations. Despite the worse prognosis, sex-based recommendations have not been developed. Cancer care teams must not hinder access to treatment options based on sex and should strive for an equitable cancer care.
Estabilización de suelos expansivos con ceniza de mazorca de maíz en la ciudad del Cusco
Authors: Quispe Vilca Dante 
Published: February 2022

La explotación de canteras para mejorar suelos en carreteras ha ido incrementando a lo largo de los años. Este problema genera la depredación de ecosistemas tanto en cerros como en ríos. En este sentido, el desarrollo de este estudio busca analizar el comportamiento físico y químico de suelos expansivos con ceniza de mazorca de maíz, el cual es un producto abundante y usualmente desechado en la ciudad del Cusco.
El proyecto está divido en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión de bibliográfica acerca de suelos expansivos y su mejoramiento mediante estabilización química con diferentes productos. En la segunda etapa, se realizó ensayos de mecánica de suelos al suelo en estudio sin ceniza y con diferentes cantidades de ceniza de mazorca de maíz. Por último, en la tercera etapa se analizó los resultados mediante gráficas y se encontró la proporción óptima para mejorar este tipo de suelos con ceniza de mazorca de maíz. Asimismo, en esta etapa se comparó los resultados obtenidos con otros estudios similares en otros lugares.
Entre las principales mejoras del suelo, se puede mencionar la reducción de la plasticidad en 42% para un porcentaje de ceniza de 10%. Asimismo, también se mejoró la capacidad portante del suelo CBR en un 62% para un porcentaje de ceniza de 8%.
Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que un suelo expansivo, usualmente reemplazado por suelos granulares de cantera, puede ser mejorado con la adición de ceniza de mazorca de maíz sin perjudicar los ecosistemas en los lechos de ríos y cerros.
Branca, Haller, Verticalidad, urbanización y turistificación en los Andes el caso de Huaraz, Perú
Authors: Branca Domenico , Haller Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Las ciudades de montaña especializadas en turismo intentan, cada vez más, destacar la importancia de su patrimonio cultural y natural. Esto para poder subsistir en la competencia por la atención mundial. En este contexto, la urbanización posmoderna de las montañas desempeña un papel crucial: es así que, al ser impulsada por procesos turísticos, esta cambia la configuración socioespacial y económica de las ciudades de montaña y su hinterland. Este último se convierte entonces en un «paisaje operacional» estructurado verticalmente que a la vez altera profundamente las interacciones entre la ciudad y la montaña. Con el fin de promover el desarrollo sostenible en las zonas montañosas urbanizadas, es fundamental comprender el arraigo de estos asentamientos tanto en (1) naturaleza y cultura como en (2) espacio y tiempo. La ciudad andina de Huaraz es un buen ejemplo, ya que es un centro urbano intermedio en las tierras altas de Perú. Además, se caracteriza por su ubicación estratégica en el Callejón de Huaylas (valle del río Santa) con influencia de las culturas española y quechua, aparte de ser dominado por los glaciares de la Cordillera Blanca. Por medio de la combinación (1) de un marco teórico que considera la urbanización planetaria, el turismo y la complementariedad vertical y (2) de una técnica de estudio de casos inspirada en los perfiles ambientales urbanos, trazamos la evolución de la relación ciudad-montaña en Huaraz. A la vez, nos concentramos en la forma y modo, en que las dimensiones inmateriales y materiales de las montañas circundantes influyen en el desarrollo urbano. Concluimos exhortando a superar tres dicotomías persistentes que siguen obstaculizando el desarrollo sostenible.
Pertuzumab (Perjeta)
Authors: Reimbursement Team  
Published: February 2022

CADTH recommends that Perjeta should not be reimbursed by public drug plans in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for the neoadjuvant treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early-stage breast cancer (either > 2 cm in diameter or node positive).
Evidence from 2 clinical trials demonstrated that adding Perjeta to trastuzumab and chemotherapy for treatment before surgery to remove cancer increases the chance of having no residual cancer, but there was no evidence demonstrating improvements in long-term survival outcomes.
It is unclear whether Perjeta meets the needs identified by patients, which included preventing recurrence and development of metastases, stabilizing disease, and maintaining quality of life.
Using Games as an Alternative Way of Teaching English Online
Authors: Giyatmi  
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 pandemic has shifted face-to-face learning into the online one. This shift gives impact to teachers, students, and parents. Most of the problems face by both teachers and students are the internet connection and technological mastery dealing with online learning. Besides, online learning also gives impact on the students’ psychological condition. Online learning might also cause pupils to feel frustrated, tired, and idle faster. Furthermore, online learning causes pupils to become easily distracted and frustrated as a result of the quantity of responsibilities assigned by teachers. The teachers should find alternative ways to make online learning more attractive and motivate the students. One of themis using game during online learning or known as game-based learning. There are many game applications that the teacher can use in their online classroom, such as Kahoot, Wordwall, Quizwhizzer, www.learningapps.org, www.liveworksheet.com, www.flippity.net etc. Teachers can create games with those application, even teachers can create worksheet too. Teachers are supposed to get trained on how to make distance learning experience more interactive and the students get motivated.
Sistem Akuntansi Penjualan Pada Toko Bangunan Impian Kaliwungu
Authors: Edy Siswanto  , Haris Ihsanil Huda  , Eko Siswanto  
Published: February 2022

Kaliwungu Dream Building Shop is a business engaged in the sale of building materials and building-producing tools. This trading business sells various materials and tools for building buildings such as sand, cement, nails, paint, hammers and so on. The Dream Building Shop was founded by Mr. Zaenal, whose address is Jalan Raya Sekopek No. 10 Sarirejo Kaliwungu, Kendal Regency.
Kaliwungu Dream Building Shop in recording sales transactions, purchases and reports - reports still use the manual method by writing them into a book, this method still requires time which is relatively old and prone to calculation errors, as a result you have to work 2 times or even many times to recalculate transactions that occur. Factors that are generally controlled are human errors that occur in cooking data and storing & maintaining paper-shaped documents, where this is very difficult to overcome. In addition, the process of searching for data or inventory is also less effective and efficient. also affect customers, even though performance according to the store is needed to satisfy customers.
Influence of initial soil moisture in a regional climate model study over West Africa – Part 2: Impact on the climate extremes
Authors: Koné Brahima , Diedhiou Arona , Diawara Adama , Anquetin Sandrine , Touré N'datchoh Evelyne , Bamba Adama , Kobea Arsene Toka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The influence of soil moisture initial conditions on the climate extreme
indices over West Africa was investigated using the fourth generation of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics regional climate model (non-hydrostatic) coupled with version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (RegCM4–CLM4.5) at a 25 km spatial resolution. We initialized the control experiments with the reanalysis soil moisture data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis of the 20th century (ERA-20C), while we initialized the dry and wet experiments with the maximum and minimum soil moisture values over the West Africa domain, respectively. For each experiment, an ensemble of five runs was performed for 5 years (2001–2005) with soil moisture initial conditions for the runs prescribed on 1 June and the simulations being performed over 4 months (122 d) from June to September. The performance of RegCM4–CLM4.5 with respect to simulating the 10 extreme rainfall and temperature indices used in this study is presented. The results are then discussed for the two idealized simulations that are most sensitive to the dry and wet soil moisture initial conditions in order to highlight the impacts beyond the limits of soil moisture internal forcing in the model. Over the Central Sahel, dry (wet) experiments lead to a decrease (increase) in precipitation extreme indices related to the number of events, but this was not seen for indices related to the intensity of the events. Soil moisture initial conditions unequally affect the daily minimum and maximum temperatures. The strongest impact is found on the maximum temperature: wet (dry) experiments decrease (increase) the maximum temperature over the whole region. Over the Central Sahel, wet (dry) experiments lead to a decrease (increase) in the maximum values of the minimum temperature.
P PENGARUH INDEKS BIAS TERHADAP KADAR BIOETHANOL MENGGUNAKAN AMPAS KELAPA DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI
Authors: Kalsum Ummi , Juniar Heni 
Published: February 2022

Keberadaan bahan bakar minyak semakin lama semakin menipis bahkan pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan ketersediaan minyak bumi akan habis. Sebagai pengganti BBM atau bahan bakar minyak, saat ini mulai dikembangkan Bahan Bakar Nabati (BBN). Untuk mengatasi kelangkahan bahan bakar minyak dan Pencemaran limbah ampas kelapa yang melimpah perlu ditangani upaya seperti menciptakan energi alternatif yaitu bioethanol. Pada ampas kelapa dilakukan analisa Fourier Tranfrom Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) untuk mengetahui gugus kimia yang terkandung dalam ampas kelapa. Setelah dianalisa diketahui bahwa Ampas Kelapa mengandung Polisakarida atau tepung-tepungan yang dapat dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol.proses pembuatan bioetanol terdiri dari hidrolisis, fermentasi dan pemurnian. Ampas kelapa diperas selama 5 kali hingga kandungan santannya tidak keluar lagi, ampas kelapa dioven dengan suhu suhu 45ºC selama 5 jam kemudian diblender hingga menjadi tepung, kemudian ampas kelapa dihidrolysis menggunakan H2SO4 10% sebanyak 200 ml kemudian diambil ampas kelapanya 20gr dan dipanaskan selama 45 menit dengan suhu 80 ºC. dilakukakan fermentasi dengan bantuan saccharomyces cerevisiae yaitu, 4 g, 8 g, dan 10 g, pada suhu ruangan 28ºC dan lama fermentasi selama 6 hari, 7 hari, dan 8 hari dan destilasi dengan suhu 70-80 ºC. Hasil terbaik yang dihasilkan dari penelitian adalah pada lama fermentasi ke 7 hari dan pada penambahan saccharomyces cerevisiae 10 g dengan nilai indeks bias 1,33344 menghasilkan kadar bioethanol sebesar 13,2%.
A new format hotel on the Kazakhstani segment of the great silk road: a marketing approach
Authors: Smykova M. R. , Ustenova O. Zh. , Saydullaev S. Z. 
Published: February 2022

Based on the conducted research, the article develops an approach to a new hotel format that will ensure the satisfaction of tourists requests.The purpose of the research is to form the concept of a hotel on the segment of the Great Silk Road based on the conducted marketing research.Methodology. The research methodology includes desk studies of secondary information and fi eld studies in the form of a consumer survey.The originality / value of the researchlie s in the fact that the proposed project is reasoned and justified by the results of the research. The new format of the hotel is aimed at creating a range of services that takes into account the needs of tourists. The most effective sales channels and the most significant quality characteristics for the new hotel were selected. The concept of the hotel is more in line with the needs of foreign and domestic tourists who come for educational purposes.Findings. The results of the study showed that there is no hotel on the Great Silk Road segment that offers a wide range of services, is highly comfortable and focused on good service. Recommended online booking systems for this type of hotel: introduction of the Amadeus booking system, application of Internet resources, GDS and third-party websites. When forming a hotel quality policy, it is necessary to take into account such characteristics as a complete set of rooms, security and high speed of service.
Corporate social responsibility and organizational commitment: evidence from Kazakhstan
Authors: Arslan M. , Abeuova D. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study aims to analyze how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) affects employees’ organizational commitment.Design / methodology / approach: Data were collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire. A total of 230 complete questionnaires were obtained from restaurant employees in Kazakhstan. The Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression were employed to examine the association among corporate social responsibility and organizational commitment.Findings: The findings reveal that employees show more commitment to organization if involved in CSR activities. Results reveal a significant positive relationship of all four perspectives of CSR with organizational commitment.Practical and Theoretical Implications: This study sheds light on the reconsideration of CSR initiatives in developing loyal employees. This study also confirms the social identity theory and suggests that employees are social actors who join the organization if it best suits their self-interests, especially in context of CSR.Originality / value: Notwithstanding the significance of CSR awareness, several studies have explored customers’ and firms’ perceptions, whereas only a few studies have explored employees’ CSR perceptions.This study deepens the knowledge and aftermath of CSR from the employees’ perception. It is pivotal to know the employees’ perceptions of CSR activities for restaurant management because employees turn CSR statements into actions. According to our best knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the impact of CSR on the organizational commitment of service sector employees in Kazakhstan.
Further studies on the Carbon dioxide factor in the Air and soil layers near the ground
Authors: Mishra R.K. 
Published: February 2022

This paper is in continuation of an earlier one by the author which appeared in this journal. It deals with the study of carbon dioxide content of the soil air of a sugarcane field. It is shown that the carbon dioxide content of the soil air is subject to local variations. An attempt has been made to see whether this local variation of soil air carbon dioxide is in any associated with the vigyour of the sugarcane plants. It is found, as a result that greater concentration of soil an carbon dioxide is Associated with taller plants and larger foliage development.
The paper also describes A pot-culture experiment performed to compare the development of cotton plants irrigated with carbonated water. Plants grown under irrigation with carbonated water are found to be taller and having greater foliage development.
A comparative study of K-indices at three Indian Magnetic stations
Authors: RANGARAJAN G. K. 
Published: February 2022

Indices K of geomagnetic activity scaled from magnetograms of Alibag, Hyderabad and Sabhawala are mutually compared and individually with planetary index Kp to bring out the salient features of their occurrence frequencies. The main results of the analysis are :
(a) Distributions of occurrence frequency for the three stations differ from each other and from that of Kp, especially with respect to peak occurrence.
(b) K = 0 is reckoned least at Alibag.
(c) K—indices of Sabhawala do not confirm exactly to the expected pattern. This could mainly due to improper elimination of regular variations.
(d) In relation to Alibag, K > 2 at Hyderabad are reckoned more often whereas at Sabhawala the bias is towards less frequency.
(e) Study of persistence of geomagnetic activity shows that a high value of K-index is not always followed by the same value. But adjacent values (K ± 1) together indicate a significant probability of occurrence.
The Andhra cyclone of 12 May 1979 : The radar meteorologist's point of view
Authors: RAGHAVAN S. , RAJAGOPALAN N. S. 
Published: February 2022

The severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds which struck the Andhra Pradesh coast on 12 May 1979, was tracked by radar from Madras over an unusually long range. The eye was seen at a range of 425 km which is a record for a radar on the Indian coasts. Even five days before landfall the radar gave indications of the likely northwesterly movement of the storm, a climatologically less probable direction. The extrapolation of the radar track also gave a good indication of point of landfall. These features facilitated timely warnings and effective precautionary measures.
When the storm came close to coast radar detection was not so satisfactory possibly because of subnormal radio propagation conditions. As seen from radar data the storm had a small well-formed eye which widened out as it approached the coast. However heights of cloud tops in the eyewall the maximum rainfall rate in the eyewall and the areal rainfall in the core area remained fairly constant during the period in which they could be observed, suggesting that the storm remained of constant intensity for about 24 hours before land-fall. The observed surface winds and pressures also support this conclusion. The left sector of the eyewall was better developed and associated with intense rainfall. The system can as a whole be classed as a mature cyclone of small extent.
Effect of climatic variables on rice yield and its forecast
Authors: JAIN R. C. , AGRAWAL RANJANA , JHA M. P. 
Published: February 2022

An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of climatic variables on rice yield at different stages of crop growth as also to forecast rice yield using climatic variables. The results show that the crop reacts differently to climatic parameters during different stages of its growth. Above average maximum daily temperature is beneficial during active vegetative and ripening stages and detrimental during lag vegetative stage of the crop. A rise in relative humidity (at 7 hr) above average is beneficial during tillering and early part of reproductive stage but produces adverse effects during ripening stage. Above average relative humidity (at 14 hr) is beneficial during both early part of lag vegetative slap and later part of reproductive stage. The effect of increase in total weekly rainfall is in general beneficial throughout the crop season. Above average daily sunshine hour is beneficial during active vegetative and ripening stages but produces adverse effects in the lag vegetative and reproductive stages.
The study on yield forecast shows that a reliable forecast is possible after about 2 months of sowing assuming weather to be normal after that. This as such calls for issuing revised forecasts periodically in case weather departs from normal.
A note on the intensity of rainfall at Madras
Authors: KRISHNASWAMY K. R. 
Published: February 2022

The note gives the results of an analysis of the rainfall recorded in fifteen minute periods at Madras from the records of the Casella siphon raingauge during the years 1932 to 1947.
There is rain in Madras both during the southwest monsoon from June to September and during the northeast monsoon from October to January. During the former season, on many of the rainy days there 18 only a single spell of rainfall and there are very few days when rainfalls more than thrice. The spells are generally of short duration.-less than an hour The rainfall is of low intensity, under 25 cents per hour, Mostly, and there are very few occasion when the intensity exceeds100 cents per hour. Such heavy rains as do occur have a tendency to do so after about 1500 IST and during the night. The maximum intensity of rainfall during rainy days is also generally attained during these hours. During the northeast monsoon, on a number of days rain occurs more than once. The spells are generally of short duration through a few of them may extend over several hours. The rainfall is of low intensity, but heavy rains occur more frequently than during the period of the southwest monsoon. Heavy rains have a tendency to occur after midnight and before early afternoon.