bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary layer mesh resolution in flow computation with the Space–Time Variational Multiscale method and isogeometric discretization
Authors: Kuraishi Takashi , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: October 2022

We present an extensive study on boundary layer mesh resolution in flow computation with the Space–Time Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) method and isogeometric discretization. The study is in the context of 2D flow past a circular cylinder, at Reynolds number ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. It was motivated by the need to have in tire aerodynamics a better understanding of the mesh resolution requirements near the tire surface. The focus in the study is on the normal-direction element length for the first layer of elements near the cylinder, with that length varying by a refinement factor ranging from 2 to 40. The evaluation is based mostly on the velocity profile near the cylinder. As the element length for the first layer is varied, the element lengths for the other layers of the disk-shaped inner mesh are adjusted, with no increase in the number of elements for the refinement factors 2, 3, and 4, and with modest increases only in the radial direction for refinement factors beyond that. The computations are performed with quadratic NURBS basis functions in space and linear basis functions in time. The expressions for the stabilization parameters used in the ST-VMS and for the related local lengths scales are those targeting isogeometric discretization, introduced in recent years. The mesh resolution study is based mostly on the strong enforcement of the Dirichlet boundary conditions on the cylinder, but also includes some computations with the weakly-enforced conditions. We expect that the data generated and observations made will be helpful in setting proper near-surface mesh resolution in VMS-based computations with isogeometric discretization, not only for cylindrical shapes but also for comparable geometries. We furthermore expect that although the data generated and observations made are based on computations with nonmoving meshes, they will also be applicable to computations with moving meshes where the mesh around the solid surface rotates with the surface in the framework of the ST Slip Interface method.
Fixed-point FPGA Implementation of the FFT Accumulation Method for Real-time Cyclostationary Analysis
Authors: Li Carol Jingyi , Li Xiangwei , Lou Binglei , Jin Craig T. , Boland David , Leong Philip H. W. 
Published: October 2022

The spectral correlation density (SCD) is an important tool in cyclostationary signal detection and classification. Even using efficient techniques based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), real-time implementations are challenging because of the high computational complexity. A key dimension for computational optimization lies in minimizing the wordlength employed. In this article, we analyze the relationship between wordlength and signal-to-quantization noise in fixed-point implementations of the SCD function. A canonical SCD estimation algorithm, the FFT accumulation method (FAM) using fixed-point arithmetic, is studied. We derive closed-form expressions for SQNR and compare them at wordlengths ranging from 14 to 26 bits. The differences between the calculated SQNR and bit-exact simulations are less than 1 dB. Furthermore, an HLS-based FPGA design is implemented on a Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ XCZU28DR-2FFVG1517E RFSoC. Using less than 25% of the logic fabric on the device, it consumes 7.7 W total on-chip power and has a power efficiency of 12.4 GOPS/W, which is an order of magnitude improvement over an Nvidia Tesla K40 graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation. In terms of throughput, it achieves 50 MS/sec, which is a speedup of 1.6 over a recent optimized FPGA implementation.
Analysis of Effects of Rough Strip Energy Dissipator on Hydraulic Property of Bend Flow
Authors: Zhang Honghong , Mu Zhenwei , Fan Fan , Li Fanqi 
Published: October 2022

Installing rough strip energy dissipators (R-SEDs) at the bottom of curved spillways can facilitate energy dissipation and flow stabilization. In this study, the effects of R-SEDs set at the bottom of a 60° bend in a spillway were examined. This spillway had a large width-to-depth ratio (

B
/
H
>
5

). Based on physical model tests, the distribution of hydraulic properties of the spillway under different runs was studied and analyzed. The results show that the R-SEDs effectively improved the flow pattern in the bend. The R-SEDs reduced the average dimensionless flow velocity by about 37.9% by increasing the roughness at the bottom of the bend. The energy dissipation rate of the R-SED decreased with an increase in discharge flow rate and ranged between 30% and 50%. These indicate that it is feasible to apply the R-SEDs to 60° bends of spillways with a large width-to-depth ratio at low-flow runs (

the

tested

discharge

flow

rate
=
15

L
/
s

). These results will provide a theoretical basis for the R-SED design of similar curved spillways.
Impact and Recovery from COVID-19–Related Disruptions in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Care in the US: A Scenario Analysis
Authors: van den Puttelaar Rosita , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Hahn Anne I. , Rutter Carolyn M. , Levin Theodore R. , Zauber Ann G. , Meester Reinier G.S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Many colorectal cancer–related procedures were suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we predict the impact of resulting delays in screening (colonoscopy, FIT, and sigmoidoscopy) and diagnosis on colorectal cancer–related outcomes, and compare different recovery scenarios.

Methods:
Using the MISCAN-Colon model, we simulated the US population and evaluated different impact and recovery scenarios. Scenarios were defined by the duration and severity of the disruption (percentage of eligible adults affected), the length of delays, and the duration of the recovery. During recovery (6, 12 or 24 months), capacity was increased to catch up missed procedures. Primary outcomes were excess colorectal cancer cases and –related deaths, and additional colonoscopies required during recovery.

Results:
With a 24-month recovery, the model predicted that the US population would develop 7,210 (0.18%) excess colorectal cancer cases during 2020–2040, and 6,950 (0.65%) excess colorectal cancer–related deaths, and require 108,500 (8.6%) additional colonoscopies per recovery month, compared with a no-disruption scenario. Shorter recovery periods of 6 and 12 months, respectively, decreased excess colorectal cancer–related deaths to 4,190 (0.39%) and 4,580 (0.43%), at the expense of 260,200–590,100 (20.7%–47.0%) additional colonoscopies per month.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic will likely cause more than 4,000 excess colorectal cancer–related deaths in the US, which could increase to more than 7,000 if recovery periods are longer.

Impact:
Our results highlight that catching-up colorectal cancer–related services within 12 months provides a good balance between required resources and mitigation of the impact of the disruption on colorectal cancer–related deaths.
Breast Cancer Incidence in Relation to Long-Term Low-Level Exposure to Air Pollution in the ELAPSE Pooled Cohort
Authors: Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur , Chen Jie , Rodopoulou Sophia , Strak Maciej , de Hoogh Kees , Andersen Zorana J. , Bellander Tom , Brandt Jørgen , Fecht Daniela , Forastiere Francesco , Gulliver John , Hertel Ole , Hoffmann Barbara H. , Katsouyanni Klea , Ketzel Matthias , Brynedal Boel , Leander Karin , Ljungman Petter L.S. , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Nagel Gabriele , Pershagen Göran , Rizzuto Debora , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Samoli Evangelia , So Rina , Stafoggia Massimo , Tjønneland Anne , Vermeulen Roel , Verschuren W.M. Monique , Weinmayr Gudrun , Wolf Kathrin , Zhang Jiawei , Zitt Emanuel , Brunekreef Bert , Hoek Gerard , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Established risk factors for breast cancer include genetic disposition, reproductive factors, hormone therapy, and lifestyle-related factors such as alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, and obesity. More recently a role of environmental exposures, including air pollution, has also been suggested. The aim of this study, was to investigate the relationship between long-term air pollution exposure and breast cancer incidence.

Methods:
We conducted a pooled analysis among six European cohorts (n = 199,719) on the association between long-term residential levels of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone in the warm season (O3) and breast cancer incidence in women. The selected cohorts represented the lower range of air pollutant concentrations in Europe. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level.

Results:
During 3,592,885 person-years of follow-up, we observed a total of 9,659 incident breast cancer cases. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a HR (95% confidence interval) of 1.03 (1.00–1.06) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.06 (1.01–1.11) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 1.03 (0.99–1.06) per 0.5 10−5 m−1 BC, and 0.98 (0.94–1.01) per 10 μg/m³ O3. The effect estimates were most pronounced in the group of middle-aged women (50–54 years) and among never smokers.

Conclusions:
The results were in support of an association between especially PM2.5 and breast cancer.

Impact:
The findings of this study suggest a role of exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC in development of breast cancer.
Clinical Efficacy and Whole-Exome Sequencing of Liquid Biopsies in a Phase IB/II Study of Bazedoxifene and Palbociclib in Advanced Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Tsuji Junko , Li Tianyu , Grinshpun Albert , Coorens Tim , Russo Douglas , Anderson Leilani , Rees Rebecca , Nardone Agostina , Patterson Candace , Lennon Niall J. , Cibulskis Carrie , Leshchiner Ignaty , Tayob Nabihah , Tolaney Sara M. , Tung Nadine , McDonnell Donald P. , Krop Ian E. , Winer Eric P. , Stewart Chip , Getz Gad , Jeselsohn Rinath 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Sensitivity to endocrine therapy (ET) is critical for the clinical benefit from the combination of palbociclib plus ET in hormone receptor–positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer. Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and selective ER degrader with activity in preclinical models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer, including models harboring ESR1 mutations. Clinical trials in healthy women showed that bazedoxifene is well tolerated.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a phase Ib/II study of bazedoxifene plus palbociclib in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer who progressed on prior ET (N = 36; NCT02448771).

Results:
The study met its primary endpoint, with a clinical benefit rate of 33.3%, and the safety profile was consistent with what has previously been seen with palbociclib monotherapy. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.0–7.2]. An activating PIK3CA mutation at baseline was associated with a shorter PFS (HR = 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5–13; P = 0.0026), but activating ESR1 mutations did not impact the PFS. Longitudinal plasma circulating tumor DNA whole-exome sequencing (WES; N = 68 plasma samples) provided an overview of the tumor heterogeneity and the subclonal genetic evolution, and identified actionable mutations acquired during treatment.

Conclusions:
The combination of palbociclib and bazedoxifene has clinical efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in a heavily pretreated patient population with advanced HR+/HER2− breast cancer. These results merit continued investigation of bazedoxifene in breast cancer.
Some remarks concerning on a fuzzy real normed space
Authors: Mohammedali Mayada N. 
Published: October 2022

In mathematics, computer science, statistics, and other fields, the notion of fuzzy metric and fuzzy normed is crucial. Finding an acceptable fuzzy metric or norm for making some measurements can solve a lot of difficulties. In the sense of Mohammedali, fuzzy real normed spaces (FRNS) are the issue of this paper. Real normed and fuzzy real normed are advanced together with a ground-breaking analysis of their interactions. The structure of FRNS in terms of families of sublinear functional is established. After investigating some properties of "sublinear functional" that corresponding to an FRN, the concept of the family of star sublinear funtional based on the popular t-conorm (a parameter some families) is introduced with proved that a descending and separating family of star sublinear functional, denoted by produces a FRNS. In addition, the concept of generating space of quasinorm and quasi-norm family (GSQNF) has been presented. Furthermore, the decomposition theorem of a FRN into a family of quasinorm is formulated. The correlation between FRNS and the quasinorm family's generating space is explored and demonstrated.
Benefit–Risk Assessment of Rivaroxaban for Extended Thromboprophylaxis After Hospitalization for Medical Illness
Authors: Raskob Gary E. , Ageno Walter , Albers Gregory , Elliott C. Gregory , Halperin Jonathan , Maynard Gregory , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Albanese John , Yuan Zhong , Levitan Bennett , Lu Wentao , Suh Eun Young , Spiro Theodore , Lipardi Concetta , Barnathan Elliot S. , Spyropoulos Alex C. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) often occurs after hospitalization in medically ill patients, but the population benefit–risk of extended thromboprophylaxis remains uncertain.

Methods and Results
The MARINER (Medically Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban Versus Placebo in Reducing Post‐Discharge Venous Thrombo‐Embolism Risk) study (NCT02111564) was a randomized double‐blind trial that compared thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban 10 mg daily versus placebo for 45 days after hospital discharge in medically ill patients with a creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min. The benefit–risk balance in this population was quantified by calculating the between‐treatment rate differences in efficacy and safety end points per 10 000 patients treated. Clinical characteristics of the study population were consistent with a hospitalized medical population at risk for VTE. Treating 10 000 patients with rivaroxaban resulted in 32.5 fewer symptomatic VTE and VTE‐related deaths but was associated with 8 additional major bleeding events. The treatment benefit was driven by the prevention of nonfatal symptomatic VTE (26 fewer events). There was no between‐treatment difference in the composite of critical site or fatal bleeding.

Conclusions
Extending thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban for 45 days after hospitalization provides a positive benefit–risk balance in medically ill patients at risk for VTE who are not at high risk for bleeding.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT02111564.
Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children and Adults With Sickle Cell Anemia: The Post-STOP Cohort
Authors: Fox Christine K. , Leykina Liza , Hills Nancy K. , Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Kanter Julie , Strouse John J. , Voeks Jenifer H. , Fullerton Heather J. , Adams Robert J. ,   for the Post-STOP Study Group
Published: October 2022

Background:
Hemorrhagic stroke in young patients with sickle cell anemia remains poorly characterized.

Methods:
The Post-STOP (Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia) retrospective study collected follow-up data on STOP and STOP II clinical trial cohorts. From January 2012 to May 2014, a team of analysts abstracted data from medical records of prior participants (all with sickle cell anemia). Two vascular neurologists reviewed data to confirm hemorrhagic strokes defined as spontaneous intracerebral, subarachnoid, or intraventricular hemorrhage. Incidence rates were calculated using survival analysis techniques

Results:
Follow-up data were collected from 2850 of 3835 STOP or STOP II participants. Patients (51% male) were a median of 19.1 (interquartile range, 16.6–22.6) years old at the time of last known status. The overall hemorrhagic stroke incidence rate was 63 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 45–87). Stratified by age, the incidence rate per 100 000 person-years was 50 (95% CI, 34–75) for children and 134 (95% CI, 74–243) for adults >18 years. Vascular abnormalities (moyamoya arteriopathy, aneurysm or cavernous malformation) were identified in 18 of 35 patients with hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions:
The incidence rate of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with sickle cell anemia increases with age. Structural vascular abnormalities such as moyamoya arteriopathy and aneurysms are common etiologies for hemorrhage and screening may be warranted.
Clinical value of deep vein thrombosis density on pre-contrast and post-contrast lower-extremity CT for prediction of pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , Jung Jae Hyeop , Kim Jin Kyem , Kim Taeho 
Published: October 2022

Background There was a lack of studies assessing the relationship between deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Hounsfield unit (HU) density and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Purpose To evaluate the clinical value of DVT density measured on pre- and post-contrast lower-extremity computed tomography (CT) for the prediction of PTE. Material and Methods From 2017 to 2021, patients who underwent pulmonary CT angiography within one week after diagnosis of DVT on lower-extremity CT were included in this retrospective study. Then, the patients without PTE were included in “DVT group” and those with both DVT and PTE were included in the “DVT-PTE group.” The DVT HU density was measured by drawing free-hand region of interests (ROIs) within the thrombus at the most proximal filling defect level. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of DVT density for the risk of PTE. Results This study included a total of 94 patients (DVT group: n=56; DVT-PTE group: m=38). DVT density was significantly higher in the DVT-PTE group than the DVT group in both pre-contrast (53.5 ± 6.2 HU vs. 44.1 ± 7.9 HU; P < 0.001) and post-contrast CT (67.0 ± 8.6 HU vs. 57.1 ± 10.6 HU; P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that the area under curve, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting the risk of PTE were 0.739, 71.1%, and 64.2%, respectively, at a DVT density cutoff of 48.2 HU on pre-contrast CT and were 0.779, 73.7%, and 69.6% at a DVT density cutoff of 61.8 HU on post-contrast CT. Conclusion The DVT density on both pre- and post-contrast CT could be a predictive factor of PTE.
Does drainage affect development of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Wei Congcong , Yang Meng , Chu Kun , Huo Jia , Chen Xiao , Li Huijie 
Published: October 2022

Objective To investigate the effect of drainage on heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to evaluate other postoperative complications and joint dysfunction between patients with and without drainage. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of patients who underwent THA from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. The patients were divided into a drainage group and non-drainage group. Standard preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were assessed by senior radiologists for HO analysis. Clinical indicators included the hemoglobin concentration, superficial infection, blood transfusion, hematoma formation, hip range of motion (ROM), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein concentration, dressing changes, visual analogue scale score, and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results The incidence of HO was significantly higher in the drainage than non-drainage group (32.0% vs. 16.3%). The presence of severe HO (Brooker grade III or IV) was also different between the groups. Patients in the non-drainage group had smaller ROM early after surgery, but the final ROM and HHS did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions The rate and degree of HO after THA were significantly different between patients with and without drainage. There is no added advantage of closed suction drainage over no drainage in primary THA.
Acetaminophen alleviates ferroptosis in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy via the GPX4 pathway
Authors: Chu Jing , Jiang Yi , Zhou Wenyu , Zhang Jialei , Li Hong , Yu Yang , Yu Yonghao 
Published: October 2022

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment caused by sepsis, associated with increased morbidity and death. And acetaminophen (APAP) is a promising therapeutic medicine for SAE treatment. This research was designed to determine whether APAP alleviates SAE by attenuating ferroptosis and mediating the glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) pathway. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) approach was used to establish septic mouse models. The survival rates for 7 days were determined. The Morris water maze (MWM) was utilized to assess cognitive function. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining identified histopathologic alterations in hippocampal tissue. Mitochondrial damage was discovered in hippocampal tissue using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The reactive oxygen (ROS) levels in hippocampal tissue were measured using commercial assays. Septic cell models were produced using HT22 cells grown with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ROS were quantified using immunofluorescence. Ferroptosis-related protein expression levels in hippocampal tissue and HT22 cells were measured using western blotting. To evaluate the iron content of hippocampal tissue and HT22 cells, commercial kits were employed. According to the findings, APAP improved survival rates, lowered hippocampal and mitochondrial damage, and improve cognitive impairment. In both animal and cell studies, APAP reduced iron content, ROS, glutamate antiporter (xCT), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels but increased GPX4 expression. However, RSL3, a GPX4 inhibitor that acts as a ferroptosis activator, decreased the protective properties of APAP in vitro. Our findings suggest that APAP reduces sepsis-induced cognitive impairment by reducing ferroptosis, which is mediated by the GPX4 signaling pathway.
An Adaptation of the COPE Intervention for Adolescent Bullying Victimization Improved Mental and Physical Health Symptoms
Authors: Hutson Elizabeth , Mazurek Melnyk Bernadette 
Published: October 2022

Objective: One in five children report experiencing bullying. Bullying in childhood affects the physical and emotional health and functioning of youth with immediate consequences, including depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and suicidal ideation. Schools overwhelmingly are tasked with addressing bullying; however, school-based programs are often focused on preventing bullying from occurring. There is a paucity of evidence-based interventions for adolescents who have directly experienced bullying and suffer from adverse health outcomes, especially when they present to the mental health setting. Methods: This pre-experimental study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the MINDSTRONG to Combat Bullying Program for adolescents who have experienced bullying with concurrent mental health symptoms. Results: Twenty adolescents and their parent dyads enrolled in the MINDSTRONG to Combat Bullying program. Significant reductions were found over time in adolescent self-reported depressive, anxiety and somatic symptoms as well as bullying victimization frequency, with large positive effect sizes for the intervention. Significant increases in adolescent personal beliefs also were found. Conclusions: Although several of the intervention sessions needed to be rescheduled and many of the adolescents did not complete their weekly skills building homework, MINDSTRONG to Combat Bullying was found to be a highly acceptable intervention for adolescents that was effective in reducing physical and mental health symptoms as well as perceptions of bullying victimization.