bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Contrast Enhancement and Virtual Monoenergetic Image Energy Levels on Emphysema Quantification
Authors: Jungblut Lisa , Kronenberg Daniel , Mergen Victor , Higashigaito Kai , Schmidt Bernhard , Euler Andre , Alkadhi Hatem , Frauenfelder Thomas , Martini Katharina 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of contrast enhancement and different virtual monoenergetic image energies on automatized emphysema quantification with photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT).

Material and Methods
Sixty patients who underwent contrast-enhanced chest CT on a first-generation, clinical dual-source PCD-CT were retrospectively included. Scans were performed in the multienergy (QuantumPlus) mode at 120 kV with weight-adjusted intravenous contrast agent. Virtual noncontrast (VNC) images as well as virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) from 40 to 80 keV obtained in 10-keV intervals were reconstructed. Computed tomography attenuation was measured in the aorta. Noise was measured in subcutaneous fat and defined as the standard deviation of attenuation. Contrast-to-noise with region of interest in the ascending aorta and signal-to-noise ratio in the subcutaneous fat were calculated. Subjective image quality (and emphysema assessment, lung parenchyma evaluation, and vessel evaluation) was rated by 2 blinded radiologists. Emphysema quantification (with a threshold of −950 HU) was performed by a commercially available software. Virtual noncontrast images served as reference standard for emphysema quantification.

Results
Noise and contrast-to-noise ratio showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.98; P < 0.01) to VMI energies. The score of subjective assessment was highest at 70 keV for lung parenchyma and 50 keV for pulmonary vessel evaluation (P < 0.001). The best trade-off for the assessment of emphysema while maintaining reasonable contrast for pulmonary vessel evaluation was determined between 60 and 70 keV. Overall, contrast-enhanced imaging led to significant and systematic underestimation of emphysema as compared with VNC (P < 0.001). This underestimation decreased with increasing VMI-energy (r = 0.98; P = 0.003). Emphysema quantification showed significantly (P < 0.05) increased emphysema volumes with increasing VMI energies, except between 60–70 keV and 70–80 keV. The least difference in emphysema quantification between contrast-enhanced scans and VNC was found at 80 keV.

Conclusion
Computed tomography emphysema quantification was significantly affected by intravenous contrast administration and VMI-energy level. Virtual monoenergetic image at 80 keV yielded most comparable results to VNC. The best trade-off in qualitative as well as in quantitative image quality evaluation was determined at 60/70 keV.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Clear Cell Sarcoma With Multiple Bone Metastases
Authors: Long Tingting , Hu Shuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 26-year-old man presented with right facial pain for more than 20 days. Admission diagnosis was considered as jaw osteomyelitis. CT of the chest before surgery showed multiple bone destructions, which were considered as bone metastases. Then the 18F-FDG PET/CT was recommended for finding the primary tumor and evaluation of disease extent. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple abnormal foci at the skeleton and the left arm. Pathological examination and molecular analysis revealed the diagnosis of clear cell sarcoma. We present a case of clear cell sarcoma with multiple bone metastases, which is an extremely rare tumor.
Development and Assessment of Machine Learning Models for Individualized Risk Assessment of Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis
Authors: Hassan Abbas M. , Biaggi Andrea P. , Asaad Malke , Andejani Doaa F. , Liu Jun , Offodile2nd Anaeze C. , Selber Jesse C. , Butler Charles E. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To develop, validate, and evaluate ML algorithms for predicting MSFN.

Background:
MSFN is a devastating complication that causes significant distress to patients and physicians by prolonging recovery time, compromising surgical outcomes, and delaying adjuvant therapy.

Methods:
We conducted comprehensive review of all consecutive patients who underwent mastectomy and immediate implant-based reconstruction from January 2018 to December 2019. Nine supervised ML algorithms were developed to predict MSFN. Patient data were partitioned into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets.

Results:
We identified 694 mastectomies with immediate implant-based reconstruction in 481 patients. The patients had a mean age of 50 ± 11.5 years, years, a mean body mass index of 26.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2, and a median follow-up time of 16.1 (range, 11.9–23.2) months. MSFN developed in 6% (n = 40) of patients. The random forest model demonstrated the best discriminatory performance (area under curve, 0.70), achieved a mean accuracy of 89% (95% confidence interval, 83–94), and identified 10 predictors of MSFN. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that ML models have a superior net benefit regardless of the probability threshold. Higher body mass index, older age, hypertension, subpectoral device placement, nipple-sparing mastectomy, axillary nodal dissection, and no acellular dermal matrix use were all independently associated with a higher risk of MSFN.

Conclusions:
ML algorithms trained on readily available perioperative clinical data can accurately predict the occurrence of MSFN and aid in individualized patient counseling, preoperative optimization, and surgical planning to reduce the risk of this devastating complication.
AAST multicenter prospective analysis of prehospital tourniquet use for extremity trauma
Authors: Schroll Rebecca , Smith Alison , Alabaster Kelsey , Schroeppel Thomas J. , Stillman Zachery E. , Teicher Erik J. , Lita Elena , Ferrada Paula , Han Jinfeng , Fullerton Robert D. , McNickle Allison G. , Fraser Douglas R. , Truitt Michael S. , Grossman Verner Heather M. , Todd S. Rob , Turay David , Pop Andrew , Godat Laura N. , Costantini Todd W. , Khor Desmond , Inaba Kenji , Bardes James , Wilson Alison , Myers John G. , Haan James M. , Lightwine Kelly L. , Berdel Henrik O. , Bottiggi Anthony J. , Dorlac Warren , Zier Linda , Chang Grace , Lindner Mae , Martinez Benjamin , Tatum Danielle , Fischer Peter E. , Lieser Mark , Mabe Robert C. , Lottenberg Lawrence , Velopoulos Catherine G. , Urban Shane , Duke Marquinn , Brown Amy , Peckham Merry , Gongola AlleaBelle , Enniss Toby M. , Teixeira Pedro , Kim Dennis Y. , Singer George , Ekeh Peter , Hardman Claire , Askari Reza , Okafor Barbara , Duchesne Juan 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Tourniquet use for extremity hemorrhage control has seen a recent increase in civilian usage. Previous retrospective studies demonstrated that tourniquets improve outcomes for major extremity trauma (MET). No prospective study has been conducted to date. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes in MET patients with prehospital tourniquet use. We hypothesized that prehospital tourniquet use in MET decreases the incidence of patients arriving to the trauma center in shock.

METHODS
Data were collected prospectively for adult patients with MET at 26 Level I and 3 Level II trauma centers from 2015 to 2020. Limbs with tourniquets applied in the prehospital setting were included in the tourniquet group and limbs without prehospital tourniquets were enrolled in the control group.

RESULTS
A total of 1,392 injured limbs were enrolled with 1,130 tourniquets, including 962 prehospital tourniquets. The control group consisted of 262 limbs without prehospital tourniquets and 88 with tourniquets placed upon hospital arrival. Prehospital improvised tourniquets were placed in 42 patients. Tourniquets effectively controlled bleeding in 87.7% of limbs. Tourniquet and control groups were similarly matched for demographics, Injury Severity Score, and prehospital vital signs (p > 0.05). Despite higher limb injury severity, patients in the tourniquet group were less likely to arrive in shock compared with the control group (13.0% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.04). The incidence of limb complications was not significantly higher in the tourniquet group (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
This study is the first prospective analysis of prehospital tourniquet use for civilian extremity trauma. Prehospital tourniquet application was associated with decreased incidence of arrival in shock without increasing limb complications. We found widespread tourniquet use, high effectiveness, and a low number of improvised tourniquets. This study provides further evidence that tourniquets are being widely and safely adopted to improve outcomes in civilians with MET.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins
Authors: Eriksson Martin , Rafajlović Marina 
Published: January 2022

It has been argued that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may facilitate range expansions over spatially and temporally variable environments. However, plasticity may induce fitness costs. This may hinder the evolution of plasticity. Earlier modelling studies examined the role of plasticity during range expansions of populations with fixed genetic variance. However, genetic variance evolves in natural populations. This may critically alter model outcomes. We ask: how does the capacity for plasticity in populations with evolving genetic variance alter range margins that populations without the capacity for plasticity are expected to attain? We answered this question using computer simulations and analytical approximations. We found a critical plasticity cost above which the capacity for plasticity has no impact on the expected range of the population. Below the critical cost, by contrast, plasticity facilitates range expansion, extending the range in comparison to that expected for populations without plasticity. We further found that populations may evolve plasticity to buffer temporal environmental fluctuations, but only when the plasticity cost is below the critical cost. Thus, the cost of plasticity is a key factor involved in range expansions of populations with the potential to express plastic response in the adaptive trait.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)’.
Gut Microbiome of Helminth Infected Indigenous Malaysians Is Context Dependent
Authors: Tee Mian Zi , Er Yi Xian , Easton Alice V. , Yap Nan Jiun , Lee Ii Li , Devlin Joseph , Chen Ze , Ng Kee Seong , Subramanian Poorani , Angelova Angelina , Sargsian Shushan , Ngui Romano , Boey Christopher Chiong Meng , Chua Kek Heng , Cadwell Ken , Lim Yvonne Ai Lian , Loke P’ng , Lee Soo Ching 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile microbiomes in industrialized societies are well characterized, indigenous populations with traditional lifestyles have microbiomes that are more akin to those of ancient humans. However, metagenomic data in these populations remains scarce and the association with soil-transmitted helminth infection status is unclear. Here, we sequenced 650 metagenomes of indigenous Malaysians from 5 villages with different prevalence of helminth infections. Individuals from villages with higher prevalence of helminth infections have more unmapped reads and greater microbial diversity. Microbial community diversity and composition were most strongly associated with different villages and the effects of helminth infection status on the microbiome varies by village. Longitudinal changes in the microbiome in response to albendazole anthelmintic treatment was observed in both helminth infected and uninfected individuals. Inference of bacterial population replication rates from origin of replication analysis identified specific replicating taxa associated with helminth infection. Our results indicated that helminth effects on the microbiota was highly dependent on context and effects of albendazole on the microbiota can be confounding for the interpretation of deworming studies. Furthermore, a substantial quantity of the microbiome remains undescribed and this large dataset from indigenous populations associated with helminth infections should facilitate characterization of the disappearing microbiome from developed industrialized societies.
A Cross-Country Analysis of the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Reducing Mortality Rates within the EU
Authors: Bliznashki Svetoslav 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe use a linear mixed model in order to estimate the effect of the number of people vaccinated against COVID-19 on the overall death toll on a monthly basis. We limit our analysis for the duration of the year 2021 and within 25 countries which are current or former (UK) members of the EU since these countries follow similar approaches to testing and reporting different COVID-19 related statistics. We explored the effect in question by comparing the total number of people vaccinated up to the end of each month and the total number of deaths occurring during the next month while controlling for several measures including number of new COVID-19 cases, diabetes prevalence, cardio vascular death rates and time trends among others. Our results indicated that one percentage point monthly increase in the total number of vaccinated people was associated, on average, with a decrease of two deaths per general population of 1 million for the next month with the effect being highly significant. An Individual Growth Curves Analysis further corroborates these findings and suggests that vaccination rates may possibly exert additional indirect effects unaccounted for by our main model.
PRC2-mediated repression is essential to maintain identity and function of differentiated dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons
Authors: Toskas Konstantinos , Yaghmaeian-Salmani Behzad , Skiteva Olga , Paslawski Wojciech , Gillberg Linda , Skara Vasiliki , Antoniou Irene , Södersten Erik , Svenningsson Per , Chergui Karima , Ringnér Markus , Perlmann Thomas , Holmberg Johan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow neurons in the CNS can maintain cellular identity over an entire lifespan remains largely unknown. Here we show that long-term maintenance of identity in differentiated dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons is critically reliant on the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Deletion of the obligate PRC2-component,Eed, in these neurons, resulted in global loss of H3K27me3, followed by a gradual activation of genes harbouring both H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 modifications. Notably, H3K9me3 was also lost at these PRC2-targets prior to gene activation. Neuronal survival was not compromised, instead there was a reduction in subtype specific gene expression as well as a progressive impairment of dopaminergic or serotonergic neuronal function leading to behavioural deficits characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD) or mood disorders, respectively. Single cell analysis revealed an unexpected subtype specific vulnerability to loss of PRC2-repression in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, the neurons primarily affected in PD. Taken together, our study reveals that a PRC2-dependent non-permissive chromatin state is essential to maintain subtype identity and function of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
Cell type diversity in a developing octopus brain
Authors: Styfhals Ruth , Zolotarov Grygoriy , Hulselmans Gert , Spanier Katina I. , Poovathingal Suresh , Elagoz Ali M. , Deryckere Astrid , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Ponte Giovanna , Fiorito Graziano , Aerts Stein , Seuntjens Eve 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOctopuses are mollusks that have evolved intricate neural systems comparable with vertebrates in terms of cell number, complexity and size. The cell types within the octopus brain that control their amazingly rich behavioral repertoire are still unknown. Here we profile cell diversity of the paralarvalOctopus vulgarisbrain to build a comprehensive cell type atlas that comprises mostly neural cells, as well as multiple glial subtypes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Moreover, we spatially map cell types within the octopus brain, including vertical and optic lobe cell types. Investigation of cell type conservation reveals a shared gene signature between glial cells of mice, fly and octopus. Genes related to learning and memory are enriched in vertical lobe cells, which show molecular similarities with Kenyon cells inDrosophila. Taken together, our data sheds light on cell type diversity and evolution of the complex octopus brain.Highlights & Key findingsCharacterization of different cell types present in the early paralarval brainCross-species comparisons reveal a conserved glial gene expression signatureVertical lobe amacrine cells in octopus have molecular similarities to fly Kenyon cellsHomeobox genes are defining transcription factors for cell type identityRecently expanded gene families may underlie cellular diversification
Banning mobile phones in schools: evidence from regional-level policies in Spain
Authors: Beneito Pilar , Vicente-Chirivella Óscar 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The autonomous governments of two regions in Spain established mobile bans in schools as of the year 2015. Exploiting the across-region variation introduced by such a quasi-natural experiment, this study aims to perform a comparative-case analysis to investigate the impact of this non-spending-based policy on regional Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores in maths and sciences and bullying incidence.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply the synthetic control method and diff-in-diff estimation to compare the treated regions with the rest of regions in Spain before and after the intervention.

Findings
The results show noticeable reductions of bullying incidence among teenagers in the two treated regions. The authors also find positive and significant effects of this policy on the PISA scores of the Galicia region that are equivalent to 0.6–0.8 years of learning in maths and around 0.72 to near one year of learning in sciences.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first empirical study analysing the impact of mobile phone bans in schools on bullying cases, exploiting variation across regions (or other units), years and age intervals. Besides, the scarce formal evidence that exists on the consequences of the mobile phones use in students’ academic achievement comes from a micro perspective, while the paper serves as one more piece of evidence from a macro perspective.
Aeronautical data requirements and geodetic data – a case study on regulations in Poland
Authors: Marjańska Dorota 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this case study is to indicate discrepancies between the guidelines for aeronautical data quality requirements (DQR) and the legal regulations of surveying in Poland. Because of the possible difficulties in determining the original source of geodetic coordinates, it is possible for mistakes to be made, e.g. in aeronautical metadata.

Design/methodology/approach
The differences between selected reference data for the ASG-EUPOS network stations were determined and later extended to the entire country using the linear interpolation method. The values were investigated for exceeding the most restrictive limit on the DQR, i.e. 0.50 m for geodetic latitude and longitude and 0.25 m for measured height and geoid undulation.

Findings
The lack of an appropriate transformation of geodetic coordinates would result in an error of 0.30 m for the horizontal position, and <0.01 m for ellipsoidal heights. The discrepancies between the Earth Gravitational Model 96 (EGM96) geoid model used in aviation and Polish local quasigeoid model are up to 1 m.

Practical implications
Results prove that a mismatch of coordinate frames could be a severe threat to the aeronautical DQR. Providing complete information about reference systems during the data exchange, including the conversion parameters between selected geoid models, or considering a more accurate geoid model as a reference in aviation is recommended.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is perhaps the first to compare data quality guidelines for surveying and aviation.
A contextual study of co-worker relationship and turnover intentions: the mediating role of employee cynicism
Authors: Abugre James Baba , Acquaah Moses 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to evidently examine how employee cynicism mediates the relationship between co-worker relationship and employee turnover intentions in organizations in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing a cross-sectional survey of employees from both public and private organizations, the authors tested our hypotheses with a sample of 288 employees by means of structural equation modelling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation with LISREL 9.2 and bootstrapping procedures.FindingsFindings showed that co-worker relationship is negatively associated with employee cynicism. The findings further revealed that employee cynicism is positively associated with employees' intention to leave. Additionally, employee cynicism negatively mediated the relationship between co-worker relationship and employee intention to leave their organizations.Practical implicationsThe work recommends that organizations become aware of employee cynicism which can adversely affects co-worker relationship and consequently organizational performance. Therefore, organizations ought to reduce employee cynicism and rather encourage positive co-worker relations through interpersonal relationship and support for employees.Originality/valueAn investigation of co-worker relationship in organization and employee intentions to leave or turnover is a significant micro-level analysis for contemporary Human Resource Management (HRM) research. This study gives us a scarce opportunity to understand how employee cynicism negatively mediates the relationship between co-worker relationship and turnover intentions of employees.
Blended learning model incorporating online learning for a competency-focused, work-based learning (WBL) programme – allied healthcare case-study
Authors: Chandan Kirpa , Kealey Carmel , Timpson Patrick , Murphy Brian 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study investigates a blended learning model which incorporates online learning for a competency-focused, work-based learning (WBL) programme within allied healthcare. The case-study is centred on hearing aid audiology.Design/methodology/approachThe study evaluated the feedback received through a tripartite group of stakeholders (learners, academic staff and employers).FindingsResults showed that although there was universal support for blended learning, incorporating online learning, each stakeholder contributed different perspectives. The authors identified that in terms of curriculum design, a comprehensive analysis of the holistic perspective across all stakeholders is essential to ascertain the suitability of this learning mode for WBL. The study may provide the basis of a preparatory framework for the development of a generic, competency-focused model that can be applied across allied healthcare WBL programmes.Originality/valueAlthough previous studies of WBL have been reported, to the knowledge of the authors, there is no current reference in the literature to studies that examine thematic areas relevant to all three stakeholders across a programme of this nature in hearing aid audiology.