bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential radon and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pando-Sandoval Ana , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Torres-Durán María , Dacal-Quintas Raquel , Valdés-Cuadrado Luis , Hernández-Hernández Jesús R. , Consuegra-Vanegas Angélica , Candal-Pedreira Cristina , Varela-Lema Leonor , Fernández-Villar Alberto , Pérez-Ríos Mónica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is not known whether residential radon exposure may be linked to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or have an influence on the functional characteristics or exacerbations of COPD. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain whether there might be an association between residential radon concentrations and certain characteristics of COPD. We analyzed COPD cases drawn from a case–control study conducted in an area of high radon exposure. Data were collected on spirometric pulmonary function variables, hospital admissions, and smoking. Radon measurements were taken using alpha-track-type CR-39 detectors individually placed in patients’ homes. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS v22 computer software program. The study included 189 COPD cases (79.4% men; median age 64 years). The median radon concentration was 157 Bq/m3. No differences were found between radon concentration and sex, age or severity of breathing obstruction as measured by FEV1%. It should be noted, however, that 48.1% of patients with FEV1% < 50 had radon concentrations below 100 Bq/m3, as compared to 35.6% with the same severity of obstruction who had over 300 Bq/m3. COPD cases with radon concentrations higher than > 600 Bq/m3 exhibited no different characteristics in lung function. Exposure to radon does not appear to have an influence on the clinical characteristics of smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. As exposure to residential radon increases, there is no trend towards a worsening of FEV1%. Further studies are thus needed to analyze this possible association in never-smokers with COPD.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland
Authors: Ali Abdikhaliq Hussein , Reda Dawit Yihdego , Ormago Moges Desta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Hargeisa, Somaliland. A cross-sectional study was conducted at HGH, Hargeisa, Somaliland and participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 422 participants and cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined for the isolates. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify the independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of UTI was 16.4% (95% CI 13.3–19.9). The predominant bacteria isolate wasE. coli(43.5%) followed byCoagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS)11(16%),S. aureus9(13%),K. pneumonia6(8.7%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa5(7.2%),Proteus mirabilis4(5.8%),Citrobacter spp3(4.4%) andM. morganii1(1.5%) Gram negative bacilli were resistant to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (71.4%) and Gram-positive cocci were also resistant to ampicillin (90%), tetracycline (55%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.5% of bacterial isolated. No formal education participants, previous history of catheterization and previous history of UTI had 3.18, 3.22 and 3.73 times respectively more likely to develop UTI than their counterparts. Culture and susceptibility test is vital for appropriate management of UTI in the study area.
Effect of data binning and frame averaging for micro-CT image acquisition on the morphometric outcome of bone repair assessment
Authors: Irie Milena Suemi , Spin-Neto Rubens , Borges Juliana Simeão , Wenzel Ann , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the current advances in micro-CT analysis, the influence of some image acquisition parameters on the morphometric assessment outcome have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether data binning and frame averaging affect the morphometric outcome of bone repair assessment using micro-CT. Four Wistar rats’ tibiae with a surgically created bone defect were imaged with micro-CT six times each, frame averaging set to 1 and 2, and data binning set to 1, 2 and 4, for each of the averaging values. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests assessed the significance of frame averaging and data binning on a set of morphometric parameters assessed in the image volumes (p < 0.01). The effect of frame averaging was not significant for any of the assessed parameters. Increased data binning led to larger trabecular thickness. In contrast, smaller bone volume fraction and bone volume were found as data binning increased. Trabeculae number and trabecular separation were not influenced by any of the parameters. In conclusion, the morphometric outcome of bone repair assessment in micro-CT demonstrated dependency upon data binning, but not frame averaging. Therefore, image acquisition of small anatomical structures (e.g., rat trabeculae) should be performed without data binning.
Morphometric analysis of the human common hepatic artery reveals a rich and accessible target for sympathetic liver denervation
Authors: Tzafriri Abraham Rami , Garcia-Polite Fernando , Keating John , Melidone Raffaele , Knutson Jennifer , Markham Peter , Edelman Elazer R. , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study quantified the distribution of nerves and adjacent anatomies surrounding human common hepatic artery (CHA) as guidance for catheter based denervation. CHA collected from cadaveric human donors (n = 20) were histologically evaluated and periarterial dimensions and distributions of nerves, lymph nodes, pancreas and blood vessels quantified by digital morphometry. Nerve abundance decreased significantly with distance from the aortic ostium (P < 0.0001) and was higher in the Superior/Inferior compared to the Anterior/Posterior quadrants (P = 0.014). In each locational group, nerves were absent from the artery wall, and starting 0.5–1.0 mm from the lumen exhibited a first order dependence on radial distance, fully defined by the median distance. Median subject-averaged nerve distance to the lumen was 2.75 mm, ranging from 2.1–3.1 mm in different arterial segments and quadrants and 2.0–3.5 mm in individuals. Inter-individual variance was high, with certain individuals exhibiting 50th and 75th nerve distances of, respectively, 3.5 and 6.5 mm The pancreas rarely approached within 4 mm of the lumen proximally and 2.5 mm more distally. The data indicate that the CHA is a rich and accessible target for sympathetic denervation regardless of sex and diabetes, with efficacy and safety most optimally balanced proximally.
Harvesting krypton isotopes from the off-gas of an irradiated water target to generate 76Br and 77Br
Authors: Clause Hannah K. , Domnanich Katharina A. , Kleinfeldt Chloe , Kalman Morgan , Walker Wesley , Vyas Chirag , Abel E. Paige , Severin Gregory W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA flowing-water target was irradiated with a 150 MeV/nucleon beam of 78Kr at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory to produce 77Kr and 76Kr. Real-time gamma-imaging measurements revealed the mass transport of the krypton radioisotopes through the target-water processing, or “isotope harvesting”, system. The production rates were determined to be 2.7(1) × 10–4 nuclei of 76Kr and 1.18(6) × 10–2 nuclei of 77Kr formed per incident 78Kr ion. Utilizing an off-gas processing line as part of the isotope harvesting system, a total of 7.2(1) MBq of 76Kr and 19.1(6) MBq of 77Kr were collected in cold traps. Through the decay, the daughter radionuclides 76Br and 77Br were generated and removed from the traps with an average efficiency of 77 ± 12%. Due to the differences in half-lives of 76Kr and 77Kr, it was possible to isolate a pure sample of 76Br with 99.9% radionuclidic purity. The successful collection of krypton radioisotopes to generate 76Br and 77Br demonstrates the feasibility of gas-phase isotope harvesting from irradiated accelerator cooling-water. Larger-scale collections are planned for collecting by-product radionuclides from the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams.
Choice of antithrombotic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Huang Yung-Chuan , Huang Yen-Chun , Cheng Yu-Chen , Chen Mingchih 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and carotid stenosis are important risk factors for stroke. Carotid angioplasty and stent placement (CAS) is recommended for patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis. The optimal medical management for patients with NVAF after CAS remains unclear. We aimed to clarify this issue using real-world data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). In total, 2116 consecutive NVAF patients who received CAS between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, from NHIRD were divided into groups based on post-procedure medication as follows: only antiplatelet agent (OAP, n = 587); only anticoagulation agent (OAC, n = 477); dual antiplatelet agents (DAP, n = 49); and a combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents (CAPAC, n = 304). Mortality, vascular events, and major bleeding episodes were compared after matching with the Charlson comorbidity index and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The CAPAC and the OAC groups had lower mortality rates than the OAP group (P = 0.0219), with no statistical differences in major bleeding, ischemic stroke, or vascular events. Conclusively, OAC therapy after CAS appears suitable for NVAF patients. CAPAC therapy might be considered as initial therapy or when there is concern about vascular events.
Automated retinal boundary segmentation of optical coherence tomography images using an improved Canny operator
Authors: Liu Jian , Yan Shixin , Lu Nan , Yang Dongni , Lv Hongyu , Wang Shuanglian , Zhu Xin , Zhao Yuqian , Wang Yi , Ma Zhenhe , Yu Yao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRetinal segmentation is a prerequisite for quantifying retinal structural features and diagnosing related ophthalmic diseases. Canny operator is recognized as the best boundary detection operator so far, and is often used to obtain the initial boundary of the retina in retinal segmentation. However, the traditional Canny operator is susceptible to vascular shadows, vitreous artifacts, or noise interference in retinal segmentation, causing serious misdetection or missed detection. This paper proposed an improved Canny operator for automatic segmentation of retinal boundaries. The improved algorithm solves the problems of the traditional Canny operator by adding a multi-point boundary search step on the basis of the original method, and adjusts the convolution kernel. The algorithm was used to segment the retinal images of healthy subjects and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients; eleven retinal boundaries were identified and compared with the results of manual segmentation by the ophthalmologists. The average difference between the automatic and manual methods is: 2–6 microns (1–2 pixels) for healthy subjects and 3–10 microns (1–3 pixels) for AMD patients. Qualitative method is also used to verify the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The percentage of “perfect segmentation” and “good segmentation” is 98% in healthy subjects and 94% in AMD patients. This algorithm can be used alone or in combination with other methods as an initial boundary detection algorithm. It is easy to understand and improve, and may become a useful tool for analyzing and diagnosing eye diseases.
Gene and metabolite expression dependence on body mass index in human myocardium
Authors: Adebayo Adewale S. , Roman Marius , Zakkar Mustafa , Yusoff Syabira , Gulston Melanie , Joel-David Lathishia , Anthony Bony , Lai Florence Y. , Murgia Antonio , Eagle-Hemming Bryony , Sheikh Sophia , Kumar Tracy , Aujla Hardeep , Dott Will , Griffin Julian L. , Murphy Gavin J. , Woźniak Marcin J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) dependent changes in myocardial gene expression and energy-related metabolites underlie the biphasic association between BMI and mortality (the obesity paradox) in cardiac surgery. We performed transcriptome profiling and measured a panel of 144 metabolites in 53 and 55, respectively, myocardial biopsies from a cohort of sixty-six adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (registration: NCT02908009). The initial analysis identified 239 transcripts with biphasic BMI dependence. 120 displayed u-shape and 119 n-shape expression patterns. The identified local minima or maxima peaked at BMI 28–29. Based on these results and to best fit the WHO classification, we grouped the patients into three groups: BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 32, and BMI > 32. The analysis indicated that protein translation-related pathways were downregulated in 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 32 compared with BMI < 25 patients. Muscle contraction transcripts were upregulated in 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 32 patients, and cholesterol synthesis and innate immunity transcripts were upregulated in the BMI > 32 group. Transcripts involved in translation, muscle contraction and lipid metabolism also formed distinct correlation networks with biphasic dependence on BMI. Metabolite analysis identified acylcarnitines and ribose-5-phosphate increasing in the BMI > 32 group and α-ketoglutarate increasing in the BMI < 25 group. Molecular differences in the myocardium mirror the biphasic relationship between BMI and mortality.
Correlation-driven electronic reconstruction in FeTe1−xSex
Authors: Huang Jianwei , Yu Rong , Xu Zhijun , Zhu Jian-Xin , Oh Ji Seop , Jiang Qianni , Wang Meng , Wu Han , Chen Tong , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Mo Sung-Kwan , Hashimoto Makoto , Michiardi Matteo , Pedersen Tor M. , Gorovikov Sergey , Zhdanovich Sergey , Damascelli Andrea , Gu Genda , Dai Pengcheng , Chu Jiun-Haw , Lu Donghui , Si Qimiao , Birgeneau Robert J. , Yi Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectronic correlation is of fundamental importance to high temperature superconductivity. While the low energy electronic states in cuprates are dominantly affected by correlation effects across the phase diagram, observation of correlation-driven changes in fermiology amongst the iron-based superconductors remains rare. Here we present experimental evidence for a correlation-driven reconstruction of the Fermi surface tuned independently by two orthogonal axes of temperature and Se/Te ratio in the iron chalcogenide family FeTe1−xSex. We demonstrate that this reconstruction is driven by the de-hybridization of a strongly renormalized dxy orbital with the remaining itinerant iron 3d orbitals in the emergence of an orbital-selective Mott phase. Our observations are further supported by our theoretical calculations to be salient spectroscopic signatures of such a non-thermal evolution from a strongly correlated metallic phase into an orbital-selective Mott phase in dxy as Se concentration is reduced.
Encapsulation of 2D MoS2 nanosheets into 1D carbon nanobelts as anodes with enhanced lithium/sodium storage properties
Authors: Ye Bingqing , Xu Lei , Wu Wenbo , Ye Yuliang , Yang Zunxian , Ai Jingwei , Qiu Yinglin , Gong Zhipeng , Zhou Yuanqing , Huang Qiaocan , Shen Zihong , Li Fushan , Guo Tailiang , Xu Sheng 
Published: January 2022

1. This unique nanostructure with 2D MoS2 nanosheets nanoconfined into amorphous carbon layers delivered the excellent electrochemical performance. 2. The composite exhibited high reversible specific capacity, good rate capability and stability.
Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in vivo using the activation of the endogenous cannabinoid signaling system in mammalian eyes
Authors: Maguire Greg , Eubanks Christy , Ayoub George 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cannabinoid and glutamatergic signaling systems in the human retina coexist and greatly influence one another. Under glaucomatous conditions, excess levels of glutamate accrete in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. The present study tests the putative neuroprotective effect mediated by cannabinoids at the CB1 and CB2 receptors. In the first experiment, mice were given intravitreal injections of 160 nmol N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) in one eye and saline in the paired eye. In the second experiment, both eyes were given NMDA, while one of the two was additionally given the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2. Ten days later, animals were perfused and the retinae were dissected as wholemounts and stained with Cresyl Violet. Quantitative analysis revealed that 70% of the neurons in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer exposed to NMDA underwent cell death. The addition of the cannabinoid CB1/CB2 agonist doubled the number of neurons surviving the NMDA treatment. These data provide evidence that cannabinoids, either exogenous or endogenous, may be harnessed to provide protection from neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, and from glutamate-induced, and potentially other forms of neurotoxicity, under chronic or acute conditions.
Room temperature laser emission of (Ga,In)(N,As)/Ga(As,Sb)/(Ga,In)(N,As) type‐II ‘W’ quantum well heterostructures
Authors: Lehr Jannik , Ritter Christian , Reinhard Stefan , Ruiz Perez Antje , von Hänisch Carsten , Stolz Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor the first time, room temperature laser emission of an electrically pumped edge emitting laser device based on (Ga,In)(N,As)/Ga(As,Sb)/(Ga,In)(N,As) type‐II W’ quantum well heterostructures is shown. The device was grown using metal organic vapour phase epitaxy utilising the alternative nitrogen precursor di‐tert‐butyl‐amino‐arsane and characterised with electroluminescence spectroscopy. At low current densities, the emission wavelength was 1339 nm. It shifted blue with 4.26 meV/(kA/cm2) until the threshold current density was reached. At that point, the peak emission wavelength reached 1270 nm. With a cavity length of 2012 μm, the investigated device reached lasing threshold at 9.5 kA/cm2.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Coronary Calcium Scoring in Stable Chest Pain Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Koopman Moniek Y. , Willemsen Robert T.A. , van der Harst Pim , van Bruggen Rykel , Gratama Jan Willem C. , Braam Richard , van Ooijen Peter M.A. , Doggen Carine J.M. , Dinant Geert-Jan , Kietselaer Bas , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn 
Published: January 2022

Background Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scanning allows for reliable coronary calcium score (CCS) calculation at a low radiation dose and has been well established as marker to assess the future risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events in asymptomatic individuals. However, the diagnostic and prognostic value in symptomatic patients remains a matter of debate. This narrative review focuses on the available evidence for CCS in patients with stable chest pain complaints.
Method PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for literature using search terms related to three overarching categories: CT, symptomatic chest pain patients, and coronary calcium. The search resulted in 42 articles fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 27 articles (n = 38 137 patients) focused on diagnostic value and 23 articles (n = 44 683 patients) on prognostic value of CCS. Of these, 10 articles (n = 21 208 patients) focused on both the diagnostic and prognostic value of CCS.
Results Between 22 and 10 037 patients were included in the studies on the diagnostic and prognostic value of CCS, including 43 % and 51 % patients with CCS 0. The most evidence is available for patients with a low and intermediate pre-test probability (PTP) of CAD. Overall, the prevalence of obstructive CAD (OCAD, defined as a luminal stenosis of ≥ 50 % in any of the coronary arteries) as determined with CT coronary angiography in CCS 0 patients, was 4.4 % (n = 703/16 074) with a range of 0–26 % in individual studies. The event rate for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) ranged from 0 % to 2.1 % during a follow-up of 1.6 to 6.8 years, resulting in a high negative predictive value for MACE between 98 % and 100 % in CCS 0 patients. At increasing CCS, the OCAD probability and MACE risk increased. OCAD was present in 58.3 % (n = 617/1058) of CCS > 400 patients with percentages ranging from 20 % to 94 % and MACE occurred in 16.7 % (n = 175/1048) of these patients with percentages ranging from 6.9 % to 50 %.
Conclusion Accumulating evidence shows that OCAD is unlikely and the MACE risk is very low in symptomatic patients with CCS 0, especially in those with low and intermediate PTPs. This suggests a role of CCS as a gatekeeper for additional diagnostic testing. Increasing CCS is related to an increasing probability of OCAD and risk of cardiac events. Additional research is needed to assess the value of CCS in women and patient management in a primary healthcare setting.
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Citation Format
Wirkfaktoren von Behandlung und Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit in
Psychiatrie und Neurologie
Authors: Falkai Peter 
Published: January 2022

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegenvor dem Hintergrund, dass die Behandlungsprävalenz psychisch und neurologisch
erkrankter Personen in Deutschland seit vielen Jahren stetig anwächst, ist
es sehr wichtig, dass die Entwicklung der verschiedensten Bereiche ebenfalls stetig
durch wissenschaftliche Forschung überprüft und geleitet wird. Die
Artikel in dieser Ausgabe adressieren zum einen die wissenschaftliche Situation
hinsichtlich belegter Wirkfaktoren in der Behandlung und zum anderen Faktoren,
welche die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit dieser vorhersagen.
Einstellungen von Medizinstudierenden gegenüber alkoholbezogenen Störungen: Abhängig von der angestrebten medizinischen Fachrichtung?
Authors: Schmidt Hannah , Koschinowski Julie , Bischof Gallus , Schomerus Georg , Borgwardt Stefan , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungZiel war die Erfassung subjektiver Einstellungen von Medizinstudierenden gegenüber alkoholbezogenen Störungen (AS) im direkten Vergleich mit anderen psychischen und somatischen Erkrankungen. Die mithilfe eines Onlinefragebogens befragten Studierenden (n = 1875) bewerteten AS gegenüber anderen Erkrankungen als weniger schwerwiegend (p < 0,001), wünschten sich mehr soziale Distanz zu Betroffenen (p < 0,001), machten sie stärker für die Erkrankung verantwortlich (p < 0,001) und wählten AS am häufigsten als Erkrankung mit Einsparpotenzial in der Versorgung. Auch angehende Psychiater wiesen selektiv bei AS, nicht aber bei psychischen Störungen per se einen starken Wunsch nach sozialer Distanz und eine erhöhte Bereitschaft zur strukturellen Diskriminierung auf. Dies könnte sich im späteren Berufsleben ungünstig auf die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung auswirken, sodass eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit subjektiven Einstellungen bereits im Studium von hoher Relevanz erscheint.