bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical guidelines for personal monitoring and estimation of effective dose and dose to the lens of the eye in interventional procedures
Authors: Askounis Panagiotis , Torras Gonzalez Anna , Ginjaume Merce , Carinou Eleftheria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Estimation of effective dose and dose to the lens of the eye for workers involved in interventional procedures is challenging. The interventional procedures in question involve high doses and, due to this, workers need to wear protective garments. As a result, various methodologies have been developed to assess the effective dose and dose to the lens of the eye. In the present study, measurements from four European dosimetry services, over and under protective garments, have been collected and analysed in order to provide practical guidelines based on the routine use of personal dosemeters from staff in interventional workplaces. The advantages and limitations of using one or two dosemeters are discussed.
Modeling of nonuniform thermal deformation and high thermal stability design method for precision instruments
Authors: Wang Yong-Jun , Li Rui-Jun , Yao Pan , Cheng Zhen-Ying , Pan Qiao-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Structural deformations caused by environmental temperature changes are the main reason affecting the accuracy of high-precision instruments. A model of nonuniform thermal deformation is established. In addition, a new high thermal stability design method based on the developed model is proposed in this paper. The mechanism of nonuniform thermal deformation is investigated based on the principle of molecular dynamics. A mathematical model of nonuniform thermal deformation is established through the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator. The proposed design method is applied to a laser collimation system. Stability contrast experiments for the original as well as the optimized laser collimation systems are also carried out. The stability of the optimized laser collimation systems is improved by approximately 60% with a temperature change of 10 °C. The experimental results indicate that the established model of nonuniform thermal deformation and the high thermal stability design method are effective and inexpensive, and can be applied to improve the thermal stability of other precision instruments.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis by Markov transition field and multi-dimension convolutional neural network
Authors: Lei Chunli , Xue Linlin , Jiao Mengxuan , Zhang Huqiang , Shi Jiashuo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Safe and reliable operation of mechanical equipment depends on timely and accurate fault diagnosis. When the actual working conditions are complex and variable and the available sample data set is small, recognition accuracy of the rolling bearing fault diagnosis model is low. To solve this problem, a novel method based on Markov transition field (MTF) and multi-dimension convolutional neural network (MDCNN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the original vibration signals are converted into two-dimensional images containing temporal correlation by MTF. Then, a neural network model is constructed by using multi-dimension attention and E-rectified linear units (E-Relu) activation function to fully extract fault feature information. Finally, the MTF images are input into the model and the data is normalized using the group normalization method. The MDCNN model is validated on two different data sets, and the results show that compared with other intelligent fault diagnosis methods, the MDCNN has higher fault diagnosis accuracy and stronger robustness under both variable working conditions and small sample data sets conditions.
Promoting radio astronomy in Ghana through school visits and Astronomy Clubs
Authors: Okwei E T-O , Forson A , Proven-Adzri E , Ahenkora-Duodu K , Kalognia J , Abotsi-Masters S , Andorful F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Promoting Radio Astronomy in Ghana through School visits and Astronomy Clubs (PRAGSAC) project was an intervention to promote astronomy education in schools in Ghana. It was initiated by a group of enthusiastic students who were trained in radio astronomy and astrophysics under a Royal Society/Newton Fund UK project termed Development in Africa with Radio Astronomy. The team’s aim is to expose school children to astronomy and to increase their interest in the sciences. Approximately 800 school children from seven junior high schools were positively impacted by this project. Astronomy clubs were formed in the selected schools with practical astronomy lessons taught. The kids visited the largest single radio telescope in Africa at Kuntunse in Accra and were amazed about the engineering and the science that it undertakes. For the patrons of the clubs, a teacher training workshop was organised for them, so as to equip them to manage the clubs. The feedback from students and teachers was exceptionally positive, implying that the PRAGSAC project has helped inspire more students to pursue courses and consider careers within the sciences.
Falling beads on a falling rod
Authors: Lindén Johan , Anttu Nicklas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The falling rod paradox, i.e. the fact that the tip of an almost horizontal rod falls with an acceleration ‘higher than g’, when the other end is hinged or supported, is a popular physics demonstration. It can be visualized by placing e.g. a coin on the tip of the rod and fixing a cup next to the coin. When the rod is released the free-falling coin is left behind and, if the vertical projection of its position is well aimed, the coin ends up in the cup. In this work we aim at visualizing the falling-rod paradox using a high speed camera and experimentally determine the point on the rod where the acceleration

a
=
g

for various setups. To enhance the visualization we use evenly spaced beads on top of the rod. The experiments can be performed by pupils in the upper secondary school. Theoretical understanding may require first-year university classes in mechanics.
A novel multichannel deep learning model for fast denoising of Monte Carlo dose calculations: preclinical applications
Authors: van Dijk Robert H W , Staut Nick , Wolfs Cecile J A , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. In preclinical radiotherapy with kilovolt (kV) x-ray beams, accurate treatment planning is needed to improve the translation potential to clinical trials. Monte Carlo based radiation transport simulations are the gold standard to calculate the absorbed dose distribution in external beam radiotherapy. However, these simulations are notorious for their long computation time, causing a bottleneck in the workflow. Previous studies have used deep learning models to speed up these simulations for clinical megavolt (MV) beams. For kV beams, dose distributions are more affected by tissue type than for MV beams, leading to steep dose gradients. This study aims to speed up preclinical kV dose simulations by proposing a novel deep learning pipeline. Approach. A deep learning model is proposed that denoises low precision (∼106 simulated particles) dose distributions to produce high precision (109 simulated particles) dose distributions. To effectively denoise the steep dose gradients in preclinical kV dose distributions, the model uses the novel approach to use the low precision Monte Carlo dose calculation as well as the Monte Carlo uncertainty (MCU) map and the mass density map as additional input channels. The model was trained on a large synthetic dataset and tested on a real dataset with a different data distribution. To keep model inference time to a minimum, a novel method for inference optimization was developed as well. Main results. The proposed model provides dose distributions which achieve a median gamma pass rate (3%/0.3 mm) of 98% with a lower bound of 95% when compared to the high precision Monte Carlo dose distributions from the test set, which represents a different dataset distribution than the training set. Using the proposed model together with the novel inference optimization method, the total computation time was reduced from approximately 45 min to less than six seconds on average. Significance. This study presents the first model that can denoise preclinical kV instead of clinical MV Monte Carlo dose distributions. This was achieved by using the MCU and mass density maps as additional model inputs. Additionally, this study shows that training such a model on a synthetic dataset is not only a viable option, but even increases the generalization of the model compared to training on real data due to the sheer size and variety of the synthetic dataset. The application of this model will enable speeding up treatment plan optimization in the preclinical workflow.
Nonlinear vibrations of Timoshenko nanobeam using stress driven nonlocal theory
Authors: Haghani Ahmad , Jahangiri Mehdi , Ghaderi Reza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As properties of nonlinear systems can introduce particular responses not present in linear systems, results from linear models can be inaccurate or misleading. Therefore, studying nonlinear vibrations is of extreme importance in structural vibration analysis. Nonlinear vibrations of a Timoshenko nanobeam were analyzed for the first time using the stress driven nonlocal theory (SDM) and the strain gradient theory (SGT). Nonlinear equations of motion were solved for simply supported- simply supported, clamped-clamped and clamped- simply supported beams using the homotopy analysis method. The results indicated that as the dimensionless characteristic parameter increased, the nonlinear natural frequency increased accordingly. High agreement was observed between the results from a linear frequency of Timoshenko beam model based on the SGT and those from previous research.
Cross-sections of photonuclear reactions 65Cu(γ, n)64Cu and 63Cu(γ, xn)63−xCu in the energy range E

γmax = 35–94 MeV
Authors: Deiev O. S. , Timchenko I. S. , Olejnik S. M. , Potin S. M. , Kushnir V. A. , Mytrochenko V. V. , Perezhogin S. A. , Shramenko B. I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The flux-averaged cross-sections

for the reactions

,

,

, and

have been measured within the bremsstrahlung end-point energy

range of 35–94 MeV. The experiments were performed with the electron beam from the NSC KIPT linear accelerator LUE-40 with the use of the activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric techniques. Theoretical calculation of the flux-average cross-sections

was conducted using the cross-section

values from the TALYS1.95 code, run with default options. It is shown that the experimental average cross-sections for the reactions

,

, and

are systematically higher than the theoretical estimates based on the TALYS1.95 code. The obtained

values supplement the data of different laboratories for the

and

reactions of

and

. For the reaction

, the values of

were measured for the first time.
Effects of a global monopole on the thermodynamic phase transition of a charged AdS black hole*
Authors: Luo Zhi , Yu Hao , Li Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamical properties of the thermodynamic phase transition (PT) of a charged AdS black hole (BH) with a global monopole via the Gibbs free energy landscape and reveal the effects of the global monopole on the kinetics of thermodynamic PTs. First, we briefly review the thermodynamics of a charged AdS BH with a global monopole. Then, we introduce the Gibbs free energy landscape to investigate the thermodynamic stability of the BH states. Because of thermal fluctuations, the small black hole (SBH) state can transit to a large black hole (LBH) state, and vice versa. Further, we use the Fokker-Planck equation with the reflecting boundary condition to study the probability evolution of the BH state with and without a global monopole separately. It is found that for both the SBH and LBH states, the global monopole could slow down the evolution of the BH state. In addition, we obtain the relationship between the first passage time and the monopole parameter η. The result shows that as the monopole parameter η increases, the mean first passage time becomes longer for both the SBH and LBH states.
Exclusive π
0 production at EIC of China within handbag approach*
Authors: Goloskokov S.V. , Xie Ya-Ping , Chen Xurong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Exclusive

electroproduction is analyzed within the handbag approach based on Generalized Parton Distribution (GPDs) factorization. We consider the leading-twist contribution together with the transversity effects. It is shown that the transversity GPDs

and

are essential in the description of the

cross section. Predictions for the future Electron-Ion Collider of China (EicC) energy range are provided. It is found that transversity dominance

, observed at low energies, is valid up to the EicC energy range.
An SEU fault injection platform for radiation-harden design debugging in the FPGA
Authors: Zhang F. , Zhou Z. , Wang Y. , Wang D. , Wu M. , Zhu L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An SEU fault injection platform was designed to ease the debugging of radiation-harden design in FPGA. The platform includes the FPGA being tested, the functional firmware being debugged, the essential-bit extraction algorithm based on Python, and the random fault injection algorithm. The platform can inject single-bit SEU failures, adjacent two-bit SEU failures, and three-bit SEU failures. It works in two modes: normal injection mode and essential-bit injection mode. Functional failure rate is the performance metric which used to evaluate the development. It is the probability of triggering a DUT function failure. In this experiment, the SEU fault injection platform is verified by measuring whether TCP/IP communication links are disconnected due to SEU faults. Experimental results show that the probability of TCP/IP link disconnection in normal injection mode is 0.13%, 0.23% and 0.25% respectively when random injection of single-bit SEU failure, adjacent two-bit SEU failure and multi-bit SEU failure occurs 10,000 times. In the essential-bit injection mode, the probability of TCP/IP link disconnection caused by single-bit SEUs failure, adjacent two-bit SEUs failure and three-bit SEUs failure is 0.87%, 6.97% and 11.76% respectively, indicating a significant increase in the functional failure rates. This shows that the essential-bit injection mode can be used to expose problems more quickly and accelerate the debugging process of FPGA radiation-harden design.
The effect of cholesterol on highly curved membranes measured by nanosecond Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Vishvakarma Vicky , Engberg Oskar , Huster Daniel , Maiti Sudipta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Small lipid vesicles (with diameter ≤100 nm) with their highly curved membranes comprise a special class of biological lipid bilayers. The mechanical properties of such membranes are critical for their function, e.g. exocytosis. Cholesterol is a near-universal regulator of membrane properties in animal cells. Yet measurements of the effect of cholesterol on the mechanical properties of membranes have remained challenging, and the interpretation of such measurements has remained a matter of debate. Here we show that nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) can directly measure the ns-microsecond rotational correlation time (τ
r) of a lipid probe in high curvature vesicles with extraordinary sensitivity. Using a home-built 4-Pi fluorescence cross-correlation spectrometer containing polarization-modulating elements, we measure the rotational correlation time (τ
r) of Nile Red in neurotransmitter vesicle mimics. As the cholesterol mole fraction increases from 0 to 50%, τ
r increases from 17 ± 1 to 112 ± 12 ns, indicating a viscosity change of nearly a factor of 7. These measurements are corroborated by solid-state NMR results, which show that the order parameter of the lipid acyl chains increases by about 50% for the same change in cholesterol concentration. Additionally, we measured the spectral parameters of polarity-sensitive fluorescence dyes, which provide an indirect measure of viscosity. The green/red ratio of Nile Red and the generalized polarization of Laurdan show consistent increases of 1.3× and 2.6×, respectively. Our results demonstrate that rotational FCS can directly measure the viscosity of highly curved membranes with higher sensitivity and a wider dynamic range compared to other conventional techniques. Significantly, we observe that the viscosity of neurotransmitter vesicle mimics is remarkably sensitive to their cholesterol content.
Anisotropic deformation of colloidal particles under 4 MeV Cu ions irradiation
Authors: Dawi E A , Mustafa E , Siahaan T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anisotropic deformation of colloidal particles was investigated under ion irradiation with 4 MeV Cu ions. In this study, 0.5 μm-diameter colloidal silica particles, 0.5 μm-diameter Au-silica core–shell particles, and 15 nm-diameter Au colloids embedding in a planar Si/SiO2 matrix were irradiated with 4 MeV Cu ions at room temperature and normal incidence. In colloidal silica particles, ion beam irradiation causes dramatic anisotropic deformation; silica expands perpendicular to the beam and contracts parallel, whereas Au cores elongate. Au colloids in a planar SiO2 matrix were anisotropically transformed from spherical colloids to elongated nanorods by irradiating them with 4 MeV Cu ions. The degree of anisotropy varied with ion flux. Upon irradiating the embedded Au colloids, dark-field light scattering experiments revealed a distinct color shift to yellow, which indicates a shift in surface plasmon resonance. A surface plasmon resonance measurement reveals the plasmon resonance bands are split along the arrays of Au colloids. Our measurements have revealed resonance shifts that extend into the near-infrared spectrum by as much as 50 nm.
Coordinately assisted distillation of quantum coherence in multipartite system
Authors: Wang Huang-Qiu-Chen , Luo Qi , Su Qi-Ping , Sun Yong-Nan , Zhou Nengji , Yu Li , Sun Zhe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the issue of assisted coherence distillation in the asymptotic limit, by coordinately performing the identical local operations on the auxiliary systems of each copy. When we further restrict the coordinate operations to projective measurements, the distillation process branches into many sub-processes. Finally, a computable measure of the assisted distillable coherence is derived as the maximal average coherence of the residual states with the maximization taken over all the projective measurements on the auxiliary. The measure can be conveniently used to evaluate the assisted distillable coherence in experiments, especially suitable for the case that the system and its auxiliary are in mixed states. By using the measure, we for the first time study the assisted coherence distillation in multipartite systems. Monogamy-like inequalities are derived to constrain the distribution of the assisted distillable coherence in the subsystems. Taking a three-qubit system for example, we experimentally prepare two types of tripartite correlated states, i.e., the W-type and GHZ-type states in a linear optical setup, and experimentally test the assisted distillable coherence. Theoretical and experimental results agree well to verify the distribution inequalities given by us. Three measures of multipartite quantum correlation are also considered. The close relationship between the assisted coherence distillation and the multipartite correlation is revealed.
Superacid Treatment on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Kiriya Daisuke , Lien Der-Hsien 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Superacids are strong acids with an acidity higher than pure sulfuric acid. Recently, superacid treatment of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) flakes, such as MoS2 and WS2, has shown a dramatic enhancement of optical properties, such as photoluminescence (PL) intensity. The superacid molecule is bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI). In this review paper, we summarize and discuss the recent works and the current understanding of the TFSI treatment, and finally, we describe the outlook of the treatment on monolayer TMDCs.
Meteorological and geographical factors associated with dry lightning in central and northern California
Authors: Kalashnikov Dmitri A , Abatzoglou John T , Nauslar Nicholas J , Swain Daniel L , Touma Danielle , Singh Deepti 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lightning occurring with less than 2.5 mm of rainfall—typically referred to as ‘dry lightning’—is a major source of wildfire ignition in central and northern California. Despite being rare, dry lightning outbreaks have resulted in destructive fires in this region due to the intersection of dense, dry vegetation and a large population living adjacent to fire-prone lands. Since thunderstorms are much less common in this region relative to the interior West, the climatology and drivers of dry lightning have not been widely investigated in central and northern California. Using daily gridded lightning and precipitation observations (1987–2020) in combination with atmospheric reanalyses, we characterize the climatology of dry lightning and the associated meteorological conditions during the warm season (May–October) when wildfire risk is highest. Across the domain, nearly half (∼46%) of all cloud-to-ground lightning flashes occurred as dry lightning during the study period. We find that higher elevations (>2000 m) receive more dry lightning compared to lower elevations (<1000 m) with activity concentrated in July-August. Although local meteorological conditions show substantial spatial variation, we find regionwide enhancements in mid-tropospheric moisture and instability on dry lightning days relative to background climatology. Additionally, surface temperatures, lower-tropospheric dryness, and mid-tropospheric instability are increased across the region on dry versus wet lightning days. We also identify widespread dry lightning outbreaks in the historical record, quantify their seasonality and spatial extent, and analyze associated large-scale atmospheric patterns. Three of these four atmospheric patterns are characterized by different configurations of ridging over the continental interior and offshore troughing. Understanding the meteorology of dry lightning across this region can inform forecasting of possible wildfire ignitions and is relevant for assessing changes in dry lightning and wildfire risk in climate projections.