bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
If you were a policymaker, which treatment would you disinvest? A participatory value evaluation on public preferences for active disinvestment of health care interventions in the Netherlands
Authors: Rotteveel A. H. , Lambooij M. S. , Over E. A. B. , Hernández J. I. , Suijkerbuijk A. W. M. , de Blaeij A. T. , de Wit G. A. , Mouter N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Currently, it is not known what attributes of health care interventions citizens consider important in disinvestment decision-making (i.e. decisions to discontinue reimbursement). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the preferences of citizens of the Netherlands toward the relative importance of attributes of health care interventions in the context of disinvestment.

Methods
A participatory value evaluation (PVE) was conducted in April and May 2020. In this PVE, 1143 Dutch citizens were asked to save at least €100 million by selecting health care interventions for disinvestment from a list of eight unlabeled health care interventions, described solely with attributes. A portfolio choice model was used to analyze participants' choices.

Results
Participants preferred to disinvest health care interventions resulting in smaller gains in quality of life and life expectancy that are provided to older patient groups. Portfolios (i.e. combinations of health care interventions) resulting in smaller savings were preferred for disinvestment over portfolios with larger savings.

Conclusion
The disinvestment of health care interventions resulting in smaller health gains and that are targeted at older patient groups is likely to receive most public support. By incorporating this information in the selection of candidate interventions for disinvestment and the communication on disinvestment decisions, policymakers may increase public support for disinvestment.
Estimating balance, cognitive function, and falls risk using wearable sensors and the sit-to-stand test
Authors: Greene Barry R. , Doheny Emer P. , McManus Killian , Caulfield Brian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe five times sit-to-stand test (FTSS) is an established functional test, used clinically as a measure of lower-limb strength, endurance and falls risk. We report a novel method to estimate and classify cognitive function, balance impairment and falls risk using the FTSS and body-worn inertial sensors. 168 community dwelling older adults received a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Each participant performed an FTSS, with inertial sensors on the thigh and torso, either at home or in the clinical environment. Adaptive peak detection was used to identify phases of each FTSS from torso or thigh-mounted inertial sensors. Features were then extracted from each sensor to quantify the timing, postural sway and variability of each FTSS. The relationship between each feature and MMSE and BBS was examined using Spearman’s correlation. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to examine the intra-session reliability of each feature. A Poisson regression model with an elastic net model selection procedure was used to estimate MMSE and BBS scores, while logistic regression and sequential forward feature selection was used to classify participants according to falls risk, cognitive decline and balance impairment. BBS and MMSE were estimated using cross-validation with low root mean squared errors of 2.91 and 1.50, respectively, while the cross-validated classification accuracies for balance impairment, cognitive decline, and falls risk were 81.96, 72.71, and 68.74%, respectively. The novel methods reported provide surrogate measures which may have utility in remote assessment of physical and cognitive function.
How Does Flow Alteration Propagate Across a Large, Highly Regulated Basin? Dam Attributes, Network Context, and Implications for Biodiversity
Authors: Ruhi Albert , Hwang Jeongwoo , Devineni Naresh , Mukhopadhyay Sudarshana , Kumar Hemant , Comte Lise , Worland Scott , Sankarasubramanian A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge dams are a leading cause of river ecosystem degradation. Although dams have cumulative effects as water flows downstream in a river network, most flow alteration research has focused on local impacts of single dams. Here we examined the highly regulated Colorado River Basin (CRB) to understand how flow alteration propagates in river networks, as influenced by the location and characteristics of dams as well as the structure of the river network—including the presence of tributaries. We used a spatial Markov network model informed by 117 upstream‐downstream pairs of monthly flow series (2003–2017) to estimate flow alteration from 84 intermediate‐to‐large dams representing >83% of the total storage in the CRB. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression, we then investigated how flow alteration was influenced by local dam properties (e.g., purpose, storage capacity) and network‐level attributes (e.g., position, upstream cumulative storage). Flow alteration was highly variable across the network, but tended to accumulate downstream and remained high in the main stem. Dam impacts were explained by network‐level attributes (63%) more than by local dam properties (37%), underscoring the need to consider network context when assessing dam impacts. High‐impact dams were often located in sub‐watersheds with high levels of native fish biodiversity, fish imperilment, or species requiring seasonal flows that are no longer present. These three biodiversity dimensions, as well as the amount of dam‐free downstream habitat, indicate potential to restore river ecosystems via controlled flow releases. Our methods are transferrable and could guide screening for dam reoperation in other highly regulated basins.
Differential Responses of Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities to Salinization: Implications for Soil Carbon Cycling in Tidal Wetlands
Authors: Yang Yang , Moorhead Daryl L. , Craig Hayley , Luo Min , Chen Xin , Huang Jiafang , Olesen Jørgen E. , Chen Ji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRising sea levels are expected to cause salinization in many historically low‐salinity tidal wetlands. However, the response of soil extracellular enzyme activities to salinization in tidal wetlands and their links to soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition are largely unknown. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis to examine the effect of salinization on hydrolytic and oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities and their relationships with SOC storage in tidal wetlands. The results showed that salinization reduced hydrolytic carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities by 33% but increased oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities by 15%. Meanwhile, salinization decreased SOC storage by 14%, and the change in SOC storage was negatively associated with oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities. These results indicate an important role for oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzymes in SOC loss in tidal wetlands. Moreover, the effect of salinization on oxidative carbon‐acquiring enzyme activities logarithmically declined with increasing salinization, implying that SOC loss was highly sensitive to even minor increases in salinity at the initial stage of salinization. Given increasing salinization over time with rising sea levels in most global tidal wetlands, our results suggest that SOC loss might be greater during early than later stages. Consequently, salinization‐induced SOC loss may be overstated in the long term if extrapolations are merely based on a constant SOC loss rate determined from short‐term studies. Future modeling frameworks should account for this changing sensitivity of microbially mediated SOC loss with increasing salinization over time.
Will Increasing Climate Model Resolution Be Beneficial for ENSO Simulation?
Authors: Liu Bowen , Gan Bolan , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin , Geng Tao , Wang Hong , Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Jia Fan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing climate model resolution offers multifaceted benefits, such as improving modeled tropical cyclones. However, the extent to which it benefits El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation remains unknown. Here, comprehensive information on the sensitivity of ENSO performance to various resolutions is provided, based on a multi‐model and multi‐resolution ensemble of global coupled models. Overall, the reduced model biases of the equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation mean state in higher‐resolution models may be attributed to increased oceanic resolution, and thus, better resolved eddy‐driven heat transport. ENSO spatial patterns were reproduced clearer in the eddy‐present models, likely due to the improved mean state and associated surface thermodynamic feedback. However, increasing atmospheric resolution alone deteriorates ENSO asymmetry, which may be due to the degradation of nonlinear atmospheric feedback. It remains challenging to alleviate the SST−shortwave‐flux feedback bias, which is a major source of too‐weak net heat flux feedback, irrespective of model resolution.
Krypton‐81 Dating Constrains Timing of Deep Groundwater Flow Activation
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hyun , Ferguson Grant , Person Mark , Jiang Wei , Lu Zheng‐Tian , Ritterbusch Florian , Yang Guo‐Min , Tyne Rebecca , Bailey Lydia , Ballentine Chris , Reiners Peter , McIntosh Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKrypton‐81 dating provides new insights into the timing, mechanisms, and extent of meteoric flushing versus retention of saline fluids in the subsurface in response to changes in geologic and/or climatic forcings over 50 ka to 1.2 Ma year timescales. Remnant Paleozoic seawater‐derived brines associated with evaporites in the Paradox Basin, Colorado Plateau, are beyond the 81Kr dating range (>1.2 Ma) and have likely been preserved due to negative fluid buoyancy and low permeability. 81Kr dating of formation waters above the evaporites indicates topographically‐driven meteoric recharge and salt dissolution since the Late Pleistocene (0.03–0.8 Ma). Formation waters below the evaporites (up to 3 km depth), in basal aquifers, contain relatively young meteoric water components (0.4–1.1 Ma based on 81Kr) that partially flushed remnant brines and dissolved evaporites. We demonstrate that recent, rapid denudation of the Colorado Plateau (<4–10 Ma) activated deep, basinal‐scale flow systems as recorded in 81Kr groundwater age distributions.
A Review on Bank Retreat: Mechanisms, Observations, and Modeling
Authors: Zhao Kun , Coco Giovanni , Gong Zheng , Darby Stephen E. , Lanzoni Stefano , Xu Fan , Zhang Kaili , Townend Ian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBank retreat plays a fundamental role in fluvial and estuarine dynamics. It affects the cross‐sectional evolution of channels, provides a source of sediment, and modulates the diversity of habitats. Understanding and predicting the geomorphological response of fluvial/tidal channels to external driving forces underpins the robust management of water courses and the protection of wetlands. Here, we review bank retreat with respect to mechanisms, observations, and modeling, covering both rivers and (previously neglected) tidal channels. Our review encompasses both experimental and in situ observations of failure mechanisms and bank retreat rates, modeling approaches and numerical methods to simulate bank erosion. We identify that external forces, despite their distinct characteristics, may have similar effects on bank stability in both river and tidal channels, leading to the same failure mode. We review existing data and empirical functions for bank retreat rate across a range of spatial and temporal scales, and highlight the necessity to account for both hydraulic and geotechnical controls. Based on time scale considerations, we propose a new hierarchy of modeling styles that accounts for bank retreat, leading to clear recommendations for enhancing existing modeling approaches. Finally, we discuss systematically the feedbacks between bank retreat and morphodynamics, and suggest that to move this agenda forward will require a better understanding of multifactor‐driven bank retreat across a range of temporal scales, with particular attention to the differences (and similarities) between riverine and estuarine environments, and the role of feedbacks exerted by the collapsed bank soil.
Using Automated Seepage Meters to Quantify the Spatial Variability and Net Flux of Groundwater to a Stream
Authors: Humphrey C. Eric , Solomon D. Kip , Genereux David P. , Gilmore Troy E. , Mittelstet Aaron R. , Zlotnik Vitaly A. , Zeyrek Caner , Jensen Craig R. , MacNamara Markus R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe utilized 251 measurements from a recently developed automated seepage meter (ASM) in streambeds in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA to investigate the small‐scale spatial variability of groundwater seepage flux (q) and the ability of the ASM to estimate mean q at larger scales. Small‐scale spatial variability of q was analyzed in five dense arrays, each covering an area of 13.5–28.0 m2 (169 total point measurements). Streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) was also measured. Results provided: (a) high‐resolution contour plots of q and K, (b) anisotropic semi‐variograms demonstrating greater correlation scales of q and K along the stream length than across the stream width, and (c) the number of rows of points (perpendicular to streamflow) needed to represent the groundwater flux of areas up to 28.0 m2. The findings suggest that representative streambed measurements are best conducted perpendicular to streamflow to accommodate larger seepage flux heterogeneity in this direction and minimize sampling redundancy. To investigate the ASM's ability to produce accurate mean q at larger scales, seepage meters were deployed in four stream reaches (170–890 m), arranged in three to six transects (three to eight points each) per reach across the channel. In each reach, the mean seepage flux from ASMs was compared to the seepage flux from bromide tracer dilution. Agreement between the two methods indicates the viability of a modest number of seepage meter measurements to determine the overall groundwater flux to the stream and can guide sampling for solutes and environmental tracers.
Precipitation in Northeast Mexico Primarily Controlled by the Relative Warming of Atlantic SSTs
Authors: Wright Kevin T. , Johnson Kathleen R. , Bhattacharya Tripti , Marks Gabriela Serrato , McGee David , Elsbury Dillon , Peings Yannick , Lacaille‐Muzquiz Jean‐Louis , Lum Gianna , Beramendi‐Orosco Laura , Magnusdottir Gudrun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReconstructing hydroclimate over the Common Era is essential for understanding the dominant mechanisms of precipitation change and improving climate model projections, which currently suggest Northeast Mexico will become drier in the future. Tree‐ring reconstructions have suggested regional rainfall is primarily controlled by Pacific sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs). However, tree ring records tend to reflect winter‐spring rainfall, and thus may not accurately record total annual precipitation. Using the first multiproxy speleothem record spanning the last millennium, combined with results from an atmospheric general circulation model, we demonstrate mean annual rainfall in Northeast Mexico is highly sensitive to Atlantic SST variability. Our findings suggest future precipitation in Northeast Mexico is more dependent upon the warming of Tropical Atlantic SSTs relative to the Tropical Pacific.
The Role of Multiple Trapped Oceanic Basins in Continental Growth: Seismic Evidence From the Southern Altaids
Authors: Yang Xusong , Tian Xiaobo , Windley Brian F. , Zhao Liang , Lu Yifan , Yuan Huaiyu , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe enhanced preservation potential of continental material during continental convergence is thought to be responsible for the episodic continental growth process. However, the mechanism of preservation potential variation is unclear. In this study, we use a novel high‐density passive‐source seismic approach to image the whole‐crust architecture of the juvenile continent in southern Altaids. Two arcuate crust fragments are found between Paleozoic island‐arc belts, which indicate the relicts of inter‐arc oceanic basins. The results show that the trapped oceanic basins make up a large proportion of the juvenile continental crust and that the reduction in subduction erosion due to its incomplete subduction can explain a period of rapid continental growth revealed by previous zircon studies. We suggest that a large number of ocean basins may be trapped during supercontinent formation, and they play a critical role in continental material preservation and continental episodic growth.
Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018
Authors: Balch William M. , Drapeau David T. , Bowler Bruce C. , Record Nicholas R. , Bates Nicholas R. , Pinkham Sunny , Garley Rebecca , Mitchell Catherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS) has been run since 1998, across the Gulf of Maine (GoM), between Maine and Nova Scotia. GNATS goals are to provide ocean color satellite validation and to examine change in this coastal ecosystem. We have sampled hydrographical, biological, chemical, biogeochemical, and bio‐optical variables. After 2008, warm water intrusions (likely North Atlantic Slope Water [NASW]) were observed in the eastern GoM at 50–180 m depths. Shallow waters (<50 m) significantly warmed in winter, summer, and fall but cooled during spring. Surface salinity and density of the GoM also significantly increased over the 20 years. Phytoplankton standing stock and primary production showed highly‐significant decreases during the period. Concentrations of phosphate increased, silicate decreased, residual nitrate [N*; nitrate‐silicate] increased, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen:phosphate decreased, suggesting increasing nitrogen limitation. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optical indices generally increased over two decades, suggesting changes to the DOC cycle. Surface seawater carbonate chemistry showed winter periods where the aragonite saturation (Ωar) dropped below 1.6 gulf‐wide due to upward winter mixing of cool, corrosive water. However, associated with increased average GoM temperatures, Ωar has significantly increased. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the observed decrease in surface GoM primary production resulted from a switch from Labrador Sea Water to NASW entering the GoM. A multifactor analysis shows that decreasing GoM primary production is most significantly correlated to decreases in chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon plus increases in N* and temperature.
Advances in cost-effective integrated spectrometers
Authors: Li Ang , Yao Chunhui , Xia Junfei , Wang Huijie , Cheng Qixiang , Penty Richard , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Pan Shilong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe proliferation of Internet-of-Things has promoted a wide variety of emerging applications that require compact, lightweight, and low-cost optical spectrometers. While substantial progresses have been made in the miniaturization of spectrometers, most of them are with a major focus on the technical side but tend to feature a lower technology readiness level for manufacturability. More importantly, in spite of the advancement in miniaturized spectrometers, their performance and the metrics of real-life applications have seldomly been connected but are highly important. This review paper shows the market trend for chip-scale spectrometers and analyzes the key metrics that are required to adopt miniaturized spectrometers in real-life applications. Recent progress addressing the challenges of miniaturization of spectrometers is summarized, paying a special attention to the CMOS-compatible fabrication platform that shows a clear pathway to massive production. Insights for ways forward are also presented.
Paired box 8 facilitates the c-MYC related cell cycle progress in TP53-mutation uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma through interaction with DDX5
Authors: Qiu Ping , Jie Youkun , Ma Cheng , Chen Huifeng , Qin Yunna , Tu Kaijia , Wang Liqun , Zhang Ziyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a molecular marker of the female reproductive system, Paired Box 8 is widely used in pathological diagnosis of gynecological tumors, but it is not clear whether its expression level is related to the development of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and molecular subtype classifications. Here, we show that PAX8 is up-regulated in TP53 mutation category of UCEC, which is result from the low methylation level of PAX8 in UCEC. We have identified that genes connected to ribosome, lysosome, ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle as PAX8 targets and demonstrate that modulation of the PAX8-DDX5 interaction influences c-MYC related cell cycle and cell growth. Our work defines DDX5 as a critical PAX8 co-factor, places the PAX8-DDX5 interaction in biological context, and highlights PAX8 as a key point for development of novel anti-MYC therapies in TP53-mutation UCEC.
Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits
Authors: Ward Spencer , Riley Conor , Carey Erin M. , Nguyen Jenny , Esener Sadik , Nimmerjahn Axel , Sirbuly Donald J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCentral to advancing our understanding of neural circuits is developing minimally invasive, multi-modal interfaces capable of simultaneously recording and modulating neural activity. Recent devices have focused on matching the mechanical compliance of tissue to reduce inflammatory responses. However, reductions in the size of multi-modal interfaces are needed to further improve biocompatibility and long-term recording capabilities. Here a multi-modal coaxial microprobe design with a minimally invasive footprint (8–14 µm diameter over millimeter lengths) that enables efficient electrical and optical interrogation of neural networks is presented. In the brain, the probes allowed robust electrical measurement and optogenetic stimulation. Scalable fabrication strategies can be used with various electrical and optical materials, making the probes highly customizable to experimental requirements, including length, diameter, and mechanical properties. Given their negligible inflammatory response, these probes promise to enable a new generation of readily tunable multi-modal devices for long-term, minimally invasive interfacing with neural circuits.
Linear response theory of open systems with exceptional points
Authors: Hashemi A. , Busch K. , Christodoulides D. N. , Ozdemir S. K. , El-Ganainy R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the linear response of any system is the first step towards analyzing its linear and nonlinear dynamics, stability properties, as well as its behavior in the presence of noise. In non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems, calculating the linear response is complicated due to the non-orthogonality of their eigenmodes, and the presence of exceptional points (EPs). Here, we derive a closed form series expansion of the resolvent associated with an arbitrary non-Hermitian system in terms of the ordinary and generalized eigenfunctions of the underlying Hamiltonian. This in turn reveals an interesting and previously overlooked feature of non-Hermitian systems, namely that their lineshape scaling is dictated by how the input (excitation) and output (collection) profiles are chosen. In particular, we demonstrate that a configuration with an EP of orderMcan exhibit a Lorentzian response or a super-Lorentzian response of orderMswithMs = 2, 3, …, M, depending on the choice of input and output channels.