bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Hole Mobility and Decreased Ion Migration Originated from Interface Engineering for High Quality PSCs with Average FF beyond 80%
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , Li Haimin , Liu Xingchong , Zhao Dewei , Wang Hanyu , Ni Yafei , Lei Yue , Tang Yanling , Liu Shuqian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) by optimizing deposition method, composition, interface, etc. Although the two‐step method demonstrates the advantage of being easy to operate, too much residual PbI2 not only forms defect centers, but affects the perovskite crystallization by arising more grain boundaries (GBs) due to the easy‐to‐crystallize nature of PbI2. And GBs in polycrystalline perovskite usually provide main channel for ion migration, leading to accumulation of charges at the interface to form a barrier, thus reducing carrier mobility and resulting in degradation of perovskite devices. Here, an organic molecule N‐(4‐acetylphenyl)maleimide (N‐APMI) is used to modify interface between perovskite and hole transport layer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and nuclear magnetic resonance results show that ketone group (CO) in N‐APMI forms a strong coordination with Pb2+, which effectively reduces the residual amount of PbI2 nanoparticles on the perovskite surface, giving rise to improved crystallization of perovskite. Temperature‐dependent current response demonstrates that ion migration is effectively suppressed, and hole mobility validly increases from 10.74 to 19.48 cm2 V–1 s–1, leading to a champion fill factor (FF) of 82.5% (PCE 21.96%), and the maximum PCE of the device improves from 20.09% to 23.03%.
Association between a genetic index for lameness resistance and the incidence of claw horn lesions in Holstein cows
Authors: Barden Matthew , Anagnostopoulos Alkiviadis , Griffiths Bethany E. , Bedford Cherril , Winters Marco , Li Bingjie , Coffey Mike , Psifidi Androniki , Banos Georgios , Oikonomou Georgios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the association between the lameness advantage genetic index and four outcomes: sole haemorrhage (SH), sole ulcers (SU), white line lesions (WL), and lameness during mobility scoring.MethodsWe enrolled 2352 Holstein cows from four predominantly housed dairy herds in the UK. Cows were mobility scored and foot lesions recorded at four time points from before calving to late lactation. Cows were genotyped and genetic indexes were assigned to each cow following national genetic evaluations. Lameness records and genetic indexes were matched for 2107 cows. Four separate multivariable logistic regression models, which included farm and parity as covariables, were used to quantify the association between the lameness advantage index and whether animals were affected by SH, SU, WL, or lameness.ResultsThe odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for one‐point increases in the lameness advantage index were 0.79 (0.72–0.86), 0.68 (0.59–0.78), 0.94 (0.84–1.04), and 0.82 (0.74–0.91) for SH, SU, WL, and lameness, respectively. The same trends were present when the sire's lameness advantage index was evaluated in place of the animal's own, although the strength of this association was generally weaker.ConclusionThe lameness advantage index is associated with SH, SU, and lameness, therefore selection on the lameness advantage index could be considered in herds aiming to reduce lameness. Where genomic testing of heifers is not conducted, sire lameness advantage index may still be effective to reduce SH and SU incidence.
Reactions of a Dimethylxanthene‐Derived Frustrated Lewis Pair with Silanes and Stannanes
Authors: Zulkifly Ili , Protchenko Andrey V. , Fuentes M. Ángeles , Hicks Jamie , Aldridge Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reactivity towards Si−H and Sn−H bonds of a dimethylxanthene‐based frustrated Lewis pair featuring −PiPr2 and −B(C6F5)2 functions in the 4‐, and 5‐positions is reported. In the case of silanes, greater steric bulk appears to impede reactivity, with only PhSiH3 and SiH4 showing unambiguous evidence for Si−H bond activation. In the case of PhSiH3, the silylphosphonium borohydride 1iPr(SiH2Ph)(H) is formed by Si−H bond activation across the P/B manifold. 1iPr(SiH2Ph)(H) loses PhSiH3 in hydrocarbon solution and therefore can only be crystallized from the neat silane. On heating, it undergoes a metathesis process leading to installation of the −SiH2Ph function at the 5‐position of the xanthene scaffold, with accompanying migration of the boryl group (as Piers’ borane, HB(C6F5)2) to the phosphine. Similar chemistry is observed with SiH4 (although occurring much more readily), and such processes are thought to be mechanistically similar to related rearrangements occurring with the boranes HBpin and HBcat. By contrast, the activation of the weaker Sn−H bonds found in stannanes occurs more readily, even for bulkier substrates, and the stannyl‐phosphonium borohydrides 1iPr(SnnBu3)(H) and 1iPr(SnPh3)(H) are obtained from the room temperature reactions with nBu3SnH and Ph3SnH, respectively.
Publishing Mathematical Books of Parisian Calculatores (1508–1515)
Authors: Levy Alissar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBetween 1508 and 1515, mathematical book production in Paris was particularly high and largely addressed to the Parisian calculatores: a group of masters and students mostly related to Parisian colleges of the Iberian tradition, such as Sainte-Barbe, Coqueret, and Montaigu. The mathematical publications of Pedro Sánchez Ciruelo, who taught in Paris during the last years of the fifteenth century, were a main inspiration for these Parisian calculatores; they also published several other books by themselves, mostly on arithmetic, proportions, and astronomy. This induced the development of a Parisian market for the publishing of the calculatores’ mathematical books, mainly supported by printers and booksellers who did not published scholarly mathematical texts in other periods. This paper will question who the actors of this market were, why they published mathematical books, and how they contributed to the development of mathematical teaching in Paris.
Printerly Ingenuity and Mathematical Books in the Early Estienne Workshop
Authors: Oosterhoff Richard J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEven though the first press in Paris was set up in 1469, in rooms owned by the Collège de la Sorbonne, it took some time before the University'scursus ordinariuswas regularly set in print. One of the first concerted efforts to reconfigure textbooks using print was carried out by Wolfgang Hopyland Johann Higman, beginning in the late 1480s. Their press—and their collaboration with the circle of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples—was taken up by the elder Henri Estienne and then Simon de Colines, who transformed the press into one of the most illustrious cases of the printing art in Europe, alongside Manutius and the later Estiennes. This chapter focuses on the routine claims these printers made about publishing theSphaeraof Sacrobosco and their own artful labors. It similarly examines their remarkable frontispieces within the context of a nascent tradition of astronomical frontispieces. Printerly claims to ingenuity and the relation of books and observation in these frontispieces undermine old historiographical dichotomies that oppose craft knowledge and book knowledge.
The Iberian and New World Circulation of Sacrobosco’s Sphaera in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Ulla Lorenzo Alejandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reconstruct the circulation of Sacrobosco’sTractatus de sphaerain early modern Iberian Peninsula and New World printing. We will present a survey on the locally active printers and publishers who contributed to the circulation of theSphaerathanks to the information now offered by theIberian Booksdatabase. This will be followed by a general discussion about the professional profile held by the printers and publishers who took part in the publication and circulation of the text in the Iberian Peninsula and America. Both markets were probably related through Seville. With this group of printers and publishers in mind, we will analyze what can be inferred from their production in terms of their approach to publishing, what audience were they generally targeting, their commercial scope, and how theSphaerafit into their general production and commercial plan.
Evaluation of CV Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Giubbini Raffaele , Milan E. , Singh V. , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Dondi Maurizio , Carvajal I. , Alexanderson E. , Rodella C. , Paez Diana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly diagnosis of endocarditis has an important prognostic value because a delay in antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery may adversely affect clinical outcome. However, its diagnosis remains a challenging one.
Emerging Applications
Authors: Di Carli Marcelo F. , Giubbini Raffaele , Williams M. , Bertoli M. , Dondi Maurizio , Paez Diana , Milan E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardiovascular imaging has recently expanded to the search for unstable plaques at high risk of rupturing and causing acute coronary events. A vulnerable plaque has been described histologically as a plaque with a large lipid core, a thin fibrous cap, and inflammation at the margins of the plaque. One of the most interesting recent findings is the discovery that plaques exhibiting high-risk characteristics may be associated with inducible myocardial ischemia even in the absence of luminal obstruction. Currently, anatomical and functional imaging of coronary atherosclerosis can be performed with computed tomography angiography and positron emission tomography, as briefly reviewed in this chapter.
Managing Peace Researchers: Lene Kristin Borg and Grete Thingelstad
Authors:   Interviewed by Stein Tønnesson
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this conversation with Stein Tønnesson, former PRIO administrative director Grete Thingelstad (b. 1958) and the current one, Lene Kristin Borg (b. 1967), discuss the challenge of managing academics (“herding cats”). They describe PRIO’s historical change from a disorganized to a highly organized research institute and from a tiny group of government-funded researchers to a sizable project-funded research institute.
A Migrant in the Common European House: Pavel Baev
Authors:   Interviewed by Stein Tønnesson
Published: April 2022

Abstract“The beginning of the Brezhnev era was full of hope, full of expectations.” The adult life story of Pavel Baev (b. 1959) began with a privileged education in 1980s Moscow. In this interview, he recounts his experience with Mikael Gorbachev’s reforms, the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. His research for Gorbachev’s “European House” brought him to Oslo, where he became PRIO’s main expert on Russia.
Creating a Third Space in the Cyprus Conflict: Mete Hatay
Authors:   Interviewed by Cindy Horst
Published: April 2022

Abstract“Seeing victim become perpetrator, perpetrator become victim … triggered … questions in my mind.” In this interview, Mete Hatay (b. 1962) reflects on his life as a Cypriot peace researcher, deeply affected by the 1974 partition. Over the years he has come to look beyond the Greek Cypriot/Turkish Cypriot divide and discover multiple conflicts of interest and identity along many dimensions. Mete Hatay has been a researcher at PRIO’s Cyprus Centre since its inception in 2005.
Johan Galtung at 90: His Enduring Legacy to Peace Research in Oslo
Authors: Essay by Nils Petter Gleditsch  
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe book Lives in Peace Research begins and ends with PRIO’s main founder. This article by Nils Petter Gleditsch, written on the occasion of Galtung’s 90th birthday in 2020, takes stock of Galtung’s momentous contributions to peace research and his influence over the years. PRIO’s motto today, ‘Independent • International • Interdisciplinary,’ clearly reflects a heritage from its founder.
Pioneer and Patron of Social Science and Peace Research: Erik Rinde (1919–1994)
Authors:   Portrayed by Lars Even Andersen
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this essay, Lars Even Andersen describes the role of the businessman Erik Rinde (1919–1994) in financing and steering PRIO during the institute’s early period. The essay also explains the relationship between PRIO and the Institute of Social Research (ISF), which had been founded with support from Erik’s brother Sigurd. PRIO was a department at ISF before becoming an independent institute.
The Lifelong Peace Advocate: Marek Thee (1918–99)
Authors:   Portrayed by Marta Bivand Erdal
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this portrait of Marek Thee (1918–99), Marte Bivand Erdal tracks his dramatic life. As a young rebel, he lost his Polish citizenship and was refused entry into Poland from Danzig/Gdansk (then part of Germany). He then found his way to Palestine and thus, paradoxically, was saved from the holocaust. After the Second World War he served as a Polish diplomat in the Middle East and Indochina before becoming a professor of international affairs in Warsaw. In 1968, anti-Semitism again deprived him of his citizenship. He joined PRIO in Oslo and worked there until his retirement.
The First Steps in the PRIO-Uppsala Connection: Peter Wallensteen
Authors:   Interviewed by Siri Aas Rustad
Published: April 2022

Abstract“PRIO was the engine of our Nordic peace research network.” In this interview, Peter Wallensteen (b. 1945), who served as the first Dag Hammarskjöld Professor of Peace and Conflict Research at the University of Uppsala from 1985 to 2012, expounds the history of the unique collaboration between PRIO and the Department of Peace and Conflict Research in Uppsala, with its famous conflict database.
Infinitesimal Variation Functions for Families of Smooth Varieties
Authors: Favale Filippo Francesco , Pirola Gian Pietro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we introduce some variation functions associated to the rank of the Infinitesimal Variations of Hodge Structure for a family of smooth projective complex curves. We give some bounds and inequalities and, in particular, we prove that if X is a smooth plane curve, then, there exists a first order deformation $$\xi \in H^1(T_X)$$

ξ
∈

H
1

(

T
X

)

which deforms X as plane curve and such that $$\xi \cdot :H^0(\omega _X)\rightarrow H^1({\mathcal O}_{X})$$

ξ
·
:

H
0

(

ω
X

)

→

H
1

(

O
X

)

is an isomorphism. We also generalize the notions of variation functions to higher dimensional case and we analyze the link between IVHS and the weak and strong Lefschetz properties of the Jacobian ring of a smooth hypersurface.
Liposomales Bupivacain – kein Durchbruch in der postoperativen Schmerztherapie
Authors: Otremba Berit , Dinges Hanns-Christian , Schubert Ann-Kristin , Zink Wolfgang , Steinfeldt Thorsten , Wulf Hinnerk , Wiesmann Thomas 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungEine der größten Limitationen in der Anwendung von Lokalanästhetika liegt in ihrer begrenzten Wirkdauer. In den letzten Jahren wurden liposomale Formulierungen mit prolongierter Freisetzungskinetik entwickelt, um die pharmakologische Wirkdauer der einzeitigen peripheren Regionalanästhesie („Single-shot-Verfahren“) zeitlich „zu strecken“ und somit eine verlängerte Therapiedauer zu bewirken. Im Fokus stehen hierbei insbesondere das Erreichen einer postoperativen Schmerzfreiheit von mindestens 24 h (oder besser sogar 48 h) und dadurch eine frühzeitige Mobilisation der Patienten unter Bedarfsmedikation bei allenfalls geringfügig erhaltener sensorischer Blockade und ohne motorische Einschränkungen (so zumindest die Idealvorstellung). Eine solche moderne pharmakologische Option mit theoretisch deutlich verlängerter Wirkdauer findet sich hierbei in der Gruppe der Amidlokalanästhetika, das liposomale Bupivacain. Bedingt durch einen multivesikulären Liposomenaufbau führt die retardierte Freisetzung der aktiven Komponente Bupivacain-HCl zu einer theoretischen pharmakologischen Wirksamkeit bis zu 72 h. In bisherigen Studien zeigte sich dabei konsistent ein vergleichbares Sicherheitsprofil zum herkömmlichen Bupivacain-HCl. Seit 2011 ist das liposomale Bupivacain unter dem Handelsnamen Exparel© (Fa. Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Parsippany, NJ, USA) von der amerikanischen Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zugelassen. Die Anwendung ist derzeit jedoch auf lokale Wundinfiltration, „Transversus-abdominis-plane“(TAP)-Blockaden und interskalenäre Nervenblockaden des Plexus brachialis beschränkt. Im Jahr 2020 erteilte auch die Europäische Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) dem Einsatz des liposomalen Bupivacains für Blockaden des Plexus brachialis oder des N. femoralis sowie als Feldblock bzw. zur Wundinfiltration zur Behandlung postoperativer Schmerzen eine Zulassung. Bislang zeigte sich die Studienlage zur klinischen Effektivität des liposomalen Bupivacains stark heterogen. Aktuelle Metaanalysen, welche die Ergebnisse randomisierter, kontrollierter Studien zur analgetischen Wirksamkeit des liposomalen Bupivacains in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen zusammenfassen, weisen nun konsensuell keinen klinisch relevanten Benefit durch die neue liposomale Formulierung nach und erbringen ausreichend Evidenz, um den Diskurs um das liposomale Bupivacain beenden zu können. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, dem Leser einen aktuellen evidenzbasierten Überblick zu dieser Substanz zu geben.
Convergence of estimative density: criterion for model complexity and sample size
Authors: Sheena Yo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor a parametric model of distributions, the closest distribution in the model to the true distribution located outside the model is considered. Measuring the closeness between two distributions with the Kullback–Leibler divergence, the closest distribution is called the “information projection.” The estimation risk of the maximum likelihood estimator is defined as the expectation of Kullback–Leibler divergence between the information projection and the maximum likelihood estimative density (the predictive distribution with the plugged-in maximum likelihood estimator). Here, the asymptotic expansion of the risk is derived up to the second order in the sample size, and the sufficient condition on the risk for the Bayes error rate between the predictive distribution and the information projection to be lower than a specified value is investigated. Combining these results, the “p/ncriterion” is proposed, which determines whether the estimative density is sufficiently close to the information projection for the given model and sample. This criterion can constitute a solution to the sample size or model selection problem. The use of thep/ncriteria is demonstrated for two practical datasets.
Evaluation Challenges for the Application of Extended Reality Devices in Medicine
Authors: Beams Ryan , Brown Ellenor , Cheng Wei-Chung , Joyner Janell S. , Kim Andrea S. , Kontson Kimberly , Amiras Dimitri , Baeuerle Tassilo , Greenleaf Walter , Grossmann Rafael J. , Gupta Atul , Hamilton Christoffer , Hua Hong , Huynh Tran Tu , Leuze Christoph , Murthi Sarah B. , Penczek John , Silva Jennifer , Spiegel Brennan , Varshney Amitabh , Badano Aldo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAugmented and virtual reality devices are being actively investigated and implemented for a wide range of medical uses. However, significant gaps in the evaluation of these medical devices and applications hinder their regulatory evaluation. Addressing these gaps is critical to demonstrating the devices’ safety and effectiveness. We outline the key technical and clinical evaluation challenges discussed during the US Food and Drug Administration’s public workshop, “Medical Extended Reality: Toward Best Evaluation Practices for Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medicine” and future directions for evaluation method development. Evaluation challenges were categorized into several key technical and clinical areas. Finally, we highlight current efforts in the standards communities and illustrate connections between the evaluation challenges and the intended uses of the medical extended reality (MXR) devices. Participants concluded that additional research is needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of MXR devices across the use cases.
Surgical treatment of deep-lying ano-/rectovaginal fistulas using a de-epithelialized “Singapore flap” (pudendal thigh flap)
Authors: Sauseng Siegfried , Kresic Josip , Mayerhofer Marcel , Ribeiro Skreinig Marilia Aislynn , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Spendel Stephan , Schintler Michael , Imamovic Arvin , Pfeifer Johann 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Background
Rectovaginal fistulas represent 5% of all anorectal fistulas. For affected women, this pathology is associated with a reduction in quality of life (QoL) and self-esteem. Most commonly used methods of surgical closure have high recurrence rates or permanent perineal complaints, which in turn lead to negative effects on QoL and self-esteem. A fistula closure, using the “de-epithelialized Singapore flap” (SF), can be a good alternative therapy strategy.

Method
Our retrospective case series processes the long-term results of seven patients who were operated on for ano-/rectovaginal fistula using the SF. All patients underwent surgery at the University Hospital Graz, between May 2012 and July 2015. The data of the surgical follow-up examinations were collected and an additional telephone survey was carried out. The procedure is presented based on a structured description. All procedures were performed jointly by the Department of General Surgery and the Department of Plastic Surgery.

Results
The average age of the seven patients was 46.14 years (23–72 a). Five patients had a total of 12 previous operations with frustrating results. Of the seven patients treated, six had a permanent fistula closure (85.7%). The results of the telephone survey (n = 6) showed a high level of patient satisfaction (100%), and an improvement in QoL (83.3%), through our surgical method. In our cohort, neither urinary nor fecal incontinence occurred.

Conclusion
The treatment of an ano-/rectovaginal fistula using the “de-epithelialized pudendal thigh flap” (Singapore flap) is a promising treatment alternative. In particular, patients who have had previous proctological interventions show a benefit from this procedure.
Retention in care and viral suppression in the PMTCT continuum at a large referral facility in western Kenya
Authors: Humphrey John M. , Songok Julia , Ofner Susan , Musick Beverly , Alera Marsha , Kipchumba Bett , McHenry Megan S. , Carlucci James G. , Park Jun , Mwangi Winfred , Yiannoutsos Constantin , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Wools-Kaloustian Kara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMedical records of pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV and their infants attending a large referral facility in Kenya from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to identify characteristics associated with retention in care and viral suppression. Women were stratified based on the timing of HIV care enrollment: known HIV-positive (KHP; enrolled pre-pregnancy) and newly HIV-positive (NHP; enrolled during pregnancy). Associations with retention at 18 months postpartum and viral suppression (< 1000 copies/mL) were determined. Among 856 women (20% NHP), retention was 83% for KHPs and 53% for NHPs. Viral suppression was 88% for KHPs and 93% for NHPs, but 19% of women were missing viral load results. In a competing risk model, viral suppression increased by 18% for each additional year of age but was not associated with other factors. Overall, 1.9% of 698 infants with ≥ 1 HIV test result were HIV-positive. Tailored interventions are needed to promote retention and viral load testing, particularly for NHPs, in the PMTCT continuum.