bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised classification and clustering analysis for variable stars
Authors: Pantoja R , Catelan M , Pichara K , Protopapas P 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The immense amount of time series data produced by astronomical surveys has called for the use of machine learning algorithms to discover and classify several million celestial sources. In the case of variable stars, supervised learning approaches have become commonplace. However, this needs a considerable collection of expert-labelled light curves to achieve adequate performance, which is costly to construct. To solve this problem, we introduce two approaches. First, a semi-supervised hierarchical method, which requires substantially less trained data than supervised methods. Second, a clustering analysis procedure that finds groups that may correspond to classes or subclasses of variable stars. Both methods are primarily supported by dimensionality reduction of the data for visualization and to avoid the curse of dimensionality. We tested our methods with catalogues collected from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS), and the Gaia survey. The semi-supervised method reaches a performance of around 90 per cent for all of our three selected catalogues of variable stars using only $5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the data in the training. This method is suitable for classifying the main classes of variable stars when there is only a small amount of training data. Our clustering analysis confirms that most of the clusters found have a purity over 90 per cent with respect to classes and 80 per cent with respect to subclasses, suggesting that this type of analysis can be used in large-scale variability surveys as an initial step to identify which classes or subclasses of variable stars are present in the data and/or to build training sets, among many other possible applications.
Red quasars blow out molecular gas from galaxies during the peak of cosmic star formation
Authors: Stacey H R , Costa T , McKean J P , Sharon C E , Calistro Rivera G , Glikman E , van der Werf P P 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have suggested that red quasars are a phase in quasar evolution when feedback from black hole accretion evacuates obscuring gas from the nucleus of the host galaxy. Here, we report a direct link between dust-reddening and molecular outflows in quasars at z ∼ 2.5. By examining the dynamics of warm molecular gas in the inner region of galaxies, we find evidence for outflows with velocities 500–1000 km s−1 and time-scales of ≈0.1 Myr that are due to ongoing quasar energy output. We infer outflows only in systems where quasar radiation pressure on dust in the vicinity of the black hole is sufficiently large to expel their obscuring gas column densities. This result is in agreement with theoretical models that predict radiative feedback regulates gas in the nuclear regions of galaxies and is a major driving mechanism of galactic-scale outflows of cold gas. Our findings suggest that radiative quasar feedback ejects star-forming gas from within nascent stellar bulges at velocities comparable to those seen on larger scales, and that molecules survive in outflows even from the most luminous quasars.
Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16
Authors: Pérez-Martínez J M , Dannerbauer H , Kodama T , Koyama Y , Shimakawa R , Suzuki T L , Calvi R , Chen Z , Daikuhara K , Hatch N A , Laza-Ramos A , Sobral D , Stott J P , Tanaka I 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We use multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy with VLT/KMOS to investigate the role of the environment in the evolution of the ionized gas properties of narrow-band-selected H α emitters (HAEs) in the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16. Based on rest-frame optical emission lines, H α and [N ii]λ6584, we confirm the cluster membership of 39 of our targets (i.e. 93 per cent success rate), and measure their star formation rates (SFR), gas-phase oxygen abundances, and effective radius. We parametrize the environment where our targets reside using local and global density indicators based on previous samples of spectroscopic and narrow-band cluster members. We find that star-forming galaxies embedded in the Spiderweb protocluster display SFRs compatible with those of the main sequence and morphologies comparable to those of late-type galaxies at z = 2.2 in the field. We also report a mild gas-phase metallicity enhancement (0.06 ± 0.03 dex) at intermediate stellar masses. Furthermore, we identify two UVJ-selected quiescent galaxies with residual H α-based star formation and find signs of extreme dust obscuration in a small sample of starbursty submillimetre galaxies based on their FIR and H α emission. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of these objects differs from the rest of HAEs, avoiding the protocluster core. Finally, we explore the gas fraction–gas metallicity diagram for seven galaxies with molecular gas masses measured by ATCA using CO(1−0). In the context of the gas-regulator model, our objects are consistent with relatively low mass-loading factors, suggesting lower outflow activity than field samples at the cosmic noon and thus, hinting at the onset of environmental effects in this massive protocluster.
TangoSIDM: tantalizing models of self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Correa Camila A , Schaller Matthieu , Ploeckinger Sylvia , Anau Montel Noemi , Weniger Christoph , Ando Shin’ichiro 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We introduce the TangoSIDM project, a suite of cosmological simulations of structure formation in a Λ-self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) universe. TangoSIDM explores the impact of large dark matter (DM) scattering cross-sections over dwarf galaxy scales. Motivated by DM interactions that follow a Yukawa potential, the cross-section per unit mass, σ/mχ, assumes a velocity-dependent form that avoids violations of current constraints on large scales. We demonstrate that our implementation accurately models not only core formation in haloes but also gravothermal core collapse. For central haloes in cosmological volumes, frequent DM particle collisions isotropise the particles orbit, making them largely spherical. We show that the velocity-dependent σ/mχ models produce a large diversity in the circular velocities of satellites haloes, with the spread in velocities increasing as the cross-sections reach 20, 60, and 100 cm2 g−1 in $10^9~\rm {M}_{\odot }$ haloes. The large variation in the haloes internal structure is driven by DM particles interactions, causing in some haloes the formation of extended cores, whereas in others gravothermal core collapse. We conclude that the SIDM models from the Tango project offer a promising explanation for the diversity in the density and velocity profiles of observed dwarf galaxies.
PD-L1 expression in breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Chehade Rania , Qazi Maleeha A , Ennis Marguerite , Sahgal Arjun , Das Sunit , Nofech-Mozes Sharon , Jerzak Katarzyna J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the potential intracranial efficacy of immunotherapy among patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BrM), we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a predictive biomarker of response to immunotherapy.

Methods
In this single-center retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients with breast cancer BrM (immunotherapy naïve) who underwent surgery for BrM at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center between July 1999 and June 2013 were identified. PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was assessed on BrM samples in triplicate; PD-L1 positive status was defined as PD-L1 expression ≥1% on tumor-infiltrating cells as a percentage of tumor area using the Ventana SP142 antibody. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) status was determined using 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines.

Results
The median patient age at the time of BrM diagnosis was 52 (range 32–85). PD-L1 expression using the SP42 antibody was identified in 9 out of 59 (15.3%) breast cancer BrM. The frequency of PD-L1 positive BrM by subtype is as follows: TNBC (n = 3/12, 25.0%), HER2+/HR- (n = 3/14, 21.4%), HR+/HER2- (n = 2/18, 11.1%), and HER2+/HR+ (n = 1/14, 7.1%). 24-month brain-specific progression-free survival was 66.7% (95% CI 37.9%–100%) among patients with PD-L1 positive BrM versus 42% (95% CI 26.6%–67.3%) among those with PD-L1 negative BrM (log-rank P-value .142).

Conclusions
One in 7 patients in our cohort had PD-L1 positive BrM; this proportion was highest (25%) among those with TNBC. Intracranial efficacy of immunotherapy warrants further study, particularly among patients with treatment-naïve metastatic TNBC, for whom extracranial efficacy has already been established.
Race and Tourism
Authors: Stanonis Anthony J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Race was central to the development of modern tourism. The rise of empires in the nineteenth century expanded transportation infrastructure across the globe. Imperialism reified the division between the white, Western world and the colonized world of people of color. People of color occupied servile roles within the international tourism industry, a legacy that lingers within the travel market. Sites catering predominantly to white tourists, particularly hotels, emerged as symbols of exploitation, galvanizing local populations of color during the mid-twentieth century to protest for political and economic freedoms as well as social equality. The civil rights struggle and decolonization efforts after World War II, along with the rise of the internet in the late-twentieth century, offered people of color opportunities to celebrate their history and culture via tourism. People of African descent, for instance, have used the internet to facilitate travel to sites of slavery and racial injustices such as lynching and apartheid. The most prolific scholarship on the relationship between race and tourism over the past two centuries relates to the United States.
Tourism and the International Order after 1945
Authors: Pack Sasha D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the question of how tourism contributed to global order and conflict from the end of World War II to the early twenty-first century. It begins by looking at how political regimes of the interwar period attempted to politicize tourism. After World War II, ideas about tourism as a vehicle for both individual emancipation and mutual understanding among peoples inspired considerable technocratic planning under the aegis of postwar reconstruction. This process contributed to the consolidation of a Western bloc of nations, particularly in Western Europe, and to spectacles of modernization across much of the globe. It also contributed to the rise of a global ideology of free movement, which has posed particular challenges to regimes in the democratic, socialist, and postcolonial worlds.
Heritage Tourism
Authors: Gordon Alan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heritage tourism is a form of cultural tourism in which people travel to experience places, artifacts, or activities that are believed to be authentic representations of people and stories from the past. It couples heritage, a way of imagining the past in terms that suit the values of the present, with travel to locations associated with enshrined heritage values. Heritage tourism sites are normally divided into two often overlapping categories: natural sites and sites related to human culture and history. By exploring the construction of heritage tourism destinations in historical context, we can better understand how and through what attributes places become designated as sites of heritage and what it means to have an authentic heritage experience. These questions are explored through heritage landscapes, national parks, battlefield tourism, architectural tourism, and the concept of world heritage.
Why Do Boards Exist? Governance Design in the Absence of Corporate Law
Authors: Burkart Mike , Miglietta Salvatore , Ostergaard Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study under which circumstances firms choose to install boards and their roles in a historical setting in which neither boards nor their duties are mandated by law. Boards arise in firms with large, heterogeneous shareholder bases. We propose that an important role of boards is to mediate between heterogeneous shareholders with divergent interests. Voting restrictions are common and ensure that boards are representative and not captured by large blockholders. Boards are given significant powers to both mediate and monitor management, and these roles are intrinsically linked.
Baseline knee extension may be associated with volumetric cartilage loss in the anterolateral tibia: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Campbell T Mark , Reilly Katherine , Laneuville Odette , Uhthoff Hans K , Trudel Guy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Animal studies suggest regional unloading of the knee due to flexion contracture (FC) results in cartilage loss in the anterior tibia. We looked for an association between the range of knee extension and articular cartilage thickness in the tibia of patients with knee OA, using quantitative MRI data from the OA Initiative.

Methods
Baseline knee extension was measured using a goniometer. Cartilage thickness was measured using 3-Tesla coronal MRI images of the knee. The tibia articular cartilage was segmented into medial and lateral regions, then further divided into anterior, central and posterior subregions. We evaluated differences between participants with and without a knee FC and associations between knee extension and cartilage thickness, including percentage denudation of bones (0 mm thickness), using linear models.

Results
A total of 596 participants were included. Participants with a knee FC had a larger percentage of denuded bone in the anterolateral tibia vs participants without FC (2.2 ± 0.7% vs 0.4 ± 0.1%; P = 0.006), and knee extension was associated with anterolateral tibia denuded bone (r = 0.16, P &lt; 0.001). After correcting for demographics, knee alignment, and OA severity, presence of FC and lost knee extension were associated with the percentage of denuded bone in the anterolateral tibia [β = 1.702 (0.634–2.770) and β = 0.261 (95% CI 0.134, 0.388), respectively].

Conclusion
While causation cannot be determined in this study, limitation in knee extension was statistically associated with the percentage of denuded bone in the anterolateral tibia. These novel data support that maintaining range of motion over the entire joint surface may help preserve articular cartilage health.
Trust in the attending rheumatologist, health-related hope and medication adherence among Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Kurita Noriaki , Oguro Nao , Miyawaki Yoshia , Hidekawa Chiharu , Sakurai Natsuki , Ichikawa Takanori , Ishikawa Yuichi , Hayashi Keigo , Shidahara Kenta , Kishida Dai , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Sada Ken-ei , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Yajima Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Poor medication adherence among patients with SLE is a critical problem associated with adverse outcomes. This study examined the relationship between trust in one’s physician and goal-oriented thinking, hope and medication adherence among Japanese patients with SLE who were ethnically matched to their physicians.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rheumatology outpatient clinics at five academic centres. Patients with SLE who were prescribed oral medications were included. The main exposures were trust in one’s physician measured via the 5-item Japanese version of the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale and the 18-item Health-related Hope Scale, with each score ranging from 0 to 100 points. Medication adherence was measured using the 12-item Medication Adherence Scale with scores ranging from 5 to 60 points. A general linear model was created after adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, disease activity, disease duration, basic health literacy, depression, medication variables, experiencing adverse effects and concerns regarding lupus medications.

Results
Altogether, 373 patients with SLE were included. The mean age of the patients was 46.4 years; among them, 329 (88.2%) were women. Both trust in one’s physician (per 10-point increase: 0.86, 95% CI 0.49, 1.22) and the Health-related Hope score (per 10-point increase: 0.66, 95% CI 0.35, 0.97) were associated with better medication adherence.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that patients’ health-related hope and trust in their rheumatologist were both associated with better medication adherence in SLE.
Challenges of HIV therapeutic vaccines clinical trials design
Authors: Bailon Lucia , Alarcón-Soto Yovaninna , Benet Susana 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of the review
To discuss main challenges of therapeutic vaccine clinical trials design, implementation and analyses in the HIV cure field.

Recent findings
Therapeutic vaccines are progressively being postulated as T-cell stimulating agents to use in combination HIV cure strategies, with the addition of immunomodulators, latency reversing agents and/or broadly neutralizing antibodies. Although promising strategies are rapidly evolving in preclinical studies using nonhuman primate models, translation into human testing in randomized controlled clinical trials is more challenging and expensive to conduct. Adaptive designs, access to cohorts of early-treated individuals, consensus on how to safely conduct analytical treatment interruptions, use of alternative statistical methods, development of point-of-care/home-based testing technologies and ensuring early engagement of communities where research is being developed are some of the critical aspects to consider to facilitate clinical trial development in the HIV cure field.

Summary
Design and development of HIV therapeutic vaccine clinical trials poses many challenges, from Phase 0/pilot studies to Phase I/II trials in which efficacy of the intervention is being tested and antiretroviral therapy cessation is needed, complexity of cure trials progressively increases. Understanding fundamental issues and careful planning of therapeutic vaccine clinical trials is crucial to minimize design flaws, reduce loss of follow-ups and missing data while ensuring participant's safety and guarantee valid and accurate analyses and thus, better contribute towards an HIV cure.
Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine combined with rivaroxaban in the treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Qi Gui , Adu Isaac Kumi , Wu Haichao , Zhu Mingyuan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Despite the usefulness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of lower deep vein thrombosis (DVT), there is no consensus on safety and efficacy. We aim to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of TCM combined with Rivaroxaban in the treatment of lower limb DVT.

Methods:
An online search of databases such as Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, and Web of science, as well as CBM, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Knowledge Network (CNKI) and Wanfang Data (from inception to July, 2021) was performed. All published clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened manually, evaluated for quality and considered for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3.

Results:
Nine RCTs with a total of 730 cases were included, 368 cases in the trial group were treated with TCM combined with Rivaroxaban, and 362 cases in the control group were treated with Rivaroxaban alone after surgery. Clinical efficiency was significantly higher in the test group [OR = 3.33, 95% CI (2.01, 5.53), P < .00001], the circumference of the affected limb was significantly lower in the thigh and calf, respectively [MD = −1.48, 95% CI (−1.88, −1.09), P < .00001], [MD = −0.54, 95% CI (−0.62, −0.46), P < .00001], pain scores were significantly lower [MD = −0.97, 95% CI (−1.58, −0.36), P = .002], coagulation index plasma fibrinogen (FIB) was significantly lower [MD = −0.85, 95% CI (−1.18, −0.52), P < .00001], coagulation function index D-2 aggregates were significantly reduced [MD = −0.69, 95% CI (−1.13, −0.24), P = .002], serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurements were significantly reduced [MD = −5.37, 95% CI (−9.20, −1.55), P = .006], complications measurement was significantly lower [OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.27, 1.30), P = .20], activated partial thrombin time (ATPP) measurement was significantly lower [MD = 5.70, 95% CI (4.28, 7.12), P < .00001] and prothrombin time (PT) measurement was significantly lower [MD = 1.64, 95% CI (0.70, 2.57), P = .0006].

Conclusion:
Based on the available evidence, TCM combined with Rivaroxaban for treating lower extremity DVT have better clinical efficacy and safety profile, reducing the risk of bleeding complications and adverse effects. Further improved studies are needed to support this inference.
CIMP-positive glioma is associated with better prognosis: A systematic analysis
Authors: Xu Yingying , Xiao Huashi , Hu Wenqing , Shen He-Chun , Liu Wanjun , Tan Siyuan , Ren Chuanli , Zhang Xiaomin , Yang Xishuai , Yu Guo , Yang Ting , Yu Duonan , Zong Liang 
Published: September 2022

Background:
CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was closely related to the degree of pathological differentiation of tumors, and it’s an important determinant of glioma pathogenicity. However, the molecular and pathological features of CIMP-positive glioma have not been fully elucidated. In addition, CIMP have been reported to be a useful prognostic marker in several human cancers, yet its prognostic value in gliomas is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate gene mutations and pathological features of CIMP-positive glioma and explore the prognostic value of CIMP in gliomas.

Methods:
We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE for studies describing gene mutations, pathological features and overall survival of gliomas stratified by CIMP status. Odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the correlation between CIMP and the outcome parameters.

Results:
Twelve studies with 2386 gliomas (1051 CIMP-positive and 1335 CIMP-negative) were included. Our results showed that CIMP was more frequent in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)-mutated gliomas (OR 229.07; 95% CI 138.72–378.26) and 1p19q loss of heterozygosis (LOH) gliomas (OR 5.65; 95% CI 2.66–12.01). Pathological analysis showed that CIMP was common in low-malignant oligodendroglioma (OR 5.51; 95% CI 3.95–7.70) with molecular features including IDH1 mutations and 1p19q LOH, but rare in glioblastoma (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.10–0.19). However, CIMP showed no obvious correlation with anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.24–2.00) or oligoastrocytomas (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.35–1.76). Concerning the prognosis, we found that CIMP-positive gliomas had longer overall survival (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.97–0.16) than CIMP-negative gliomas.

Conclusions:
CIMP could be used as a potential independent prognostic indicator for glioma.