bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of skeletal muscle satellite cells in the repair of osteoporotic fractures mediated by β‐catenin
Authors: Jin Zhenxiong , Da Weiwei , Zhao Yongjian , Wang Tengteng , Xu Hao , Shu Bing , Gao Xiang , Shi Qi , Ma Yong , Zhang Yan , Wang Yongjun , Tang Dezhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is a metabolic disease, and osteoporotic fracture (OPF) is one of its most serious complications. It is often ignored that the influence of the muscles surrounding the fracture on the healing of OPF. We aimed to clarify the role of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) in promoting OPF healing by β‐catenin, to improve our understanding of SMSCs, and let us explore its potential as a therapeutic target.MethodsSkeletal muscles were obtained from control non‐OPF or OPF patients for primary SMSCs culture (n = 3, 33% females, mean age 60 ± 15.52). Expression of SMSCs was measured. In vivo, 3‐month‐old female C57BL/6 mice underwent OVX surgery. Three months later, the left tibia fracture model was again performed. The control and the treatment group (n = 24, per group, female). The treatment group was treated with an agonist (osthole). Detection of SMSCs in muscles and fracture healing at 7, 14, and 28 three time points (n = 8, 8, 8, female). To further clarify the scientific hypothesis, we innovatively used Pax7‐CreERT2/+;β‐cateninfx/fx transgenic mice (n = 12, per group, male). Knock out β‐catenin in SMSC to observe the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of SMSCs, and OPF healing. In vitro primary cells of SMSCs from 3‐month‐old litter‐negative β‐cateninfx/fx transgenic mice. After adenovirus‐CRE transfection, the myogenic and osteogenic differentiation of SMSC was observed.ResultsWe find that human SMSCs reduced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in patients with OPF (−38.63%, P < 0.05). And through animal experiments, it was found that activation of β‐catenin promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of SMSC at the fracture site, thereby accelerating the healing of the fracture site (189.47%, P < 0.05). To prove this point of view, in the in vivo Pax7‐CreERT2/+;β‐cateninfx/fx transgenic mouse experiment, we innovatively found that knocking out β‐catenin in SMSC will cause a decrease in bone mass and bone microstructure, and accompanied by delayed fracture healing (−35.04%, P < 0.001). At the same time, through in vitro SMSC culture experiments, it was found that their myogenic (−66.89%, P < 0.01) and osteogenic differentiation (−16.5%, P < 0.05) ability decreased.ConclusionsThese results provide the first practical evidence for a direct contribution of SMSCs to promote the healing of OPF with important clinical implications as it may help in the treatment of delayed healing and non‐union of OPFs, and mobilization of autologous stem cell therapy in orthopaedic applications.
ℓ $\ell $‐Connectivity and ℓ $\ell $‐edge‐connectivity of random graphs
Authors: Gu Ran , Gu Xiaofeng , Shi Yongtang , Wang Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor an integer , the ‐connectivity of a graph is defined to be the minimum number of vertices of whose removal produces a disconnected graph with at least components or a graph with fewer than vertices. The ‐edge‐connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges whose removal leaves a graph with at least components if , and if . Given integers and , we investigate and when . Furthermore, our arguments can be used to show that in the random graph process, the hitting times of minimum degree at least and of ‐connectivity (or ‐edge‐connectivity) at least coincide with high probability. These results generalize the work of Bollobás and Thomason on classical connectivity.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in recipient and/or donor before allotransplant
Authors: Jullien Maxime , Coste‐Burel Marianne , Clemenceau Beatrice , Letailleur Valentin , Guillaume Thierry , Peterlin Pierre , Garnier Alice , Bourgeois Amandine Le , Imbert Berthe‐Marie , Ollier Jocelyn , Grain Audrey , Touzeau Cyrille , Moreau Philippe , Béné Marie C , Vié Henri , Chevallier Patrice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impact of pre‐transplant anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccine in 20 recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐HSCT) and/or their donors is reported here, showing that the persistence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies can be detected in almost all patients, whatever the type of vaccine used, and up to 9 months post transplant. Also, an anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein CD3+ T‐cell response could be detected in six (35%) of 17 evaluable patients. This study provides a rationale to consider anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination of both recipients and donors before Allo‐HSCT.
Impact of tropical Atlantic SST anomaly on ENSO in the NUIST‐CFS1.0 Hindcasts
Authors: Ma Jing , Xu Haiming , Luo Jing‐Jia , Chen Shengjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing both observations and ensemble hindcasts of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System (NUIST‐CFS1.0) for the period of 1983–2020, the leading modes of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the tropical Atlantic in boreal spring and summer (March–April–May–June–July–August, MAM‐JJA) and their connections with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are investigated with Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), partial‐correlation, and composite analyses. In both observations and hindcasts, the first EOF mode is characterized by a basin‐wide SSTA pattern, and the second mode features a meridional dipole pattern. The meridional dipole mode cannot trigger ENSO, while the basin‐wide SST warming mode contributes to a subsequent La Niña via both north‐tropical and equatorial pathways. The north‐tropical pathway involves a low‐level anomalous anticyclone over North Pacific as a Matsuno‐Gill‐type response to the basin‐wide SST warming, related to a North Pacific Meridional Mode characterized with a cold SSTA and north‐easterly wind coupling over the northeast tropical Pacific, and finally triggers La Niña via the seasonal footprinting mechanism. This pathway is less important in the hindcasts than in observations. The equatorial pathway is tightly linked to the Kelvin wave, characteristic of an eastward propagation of the coupled pattern of SST and low‐level winds and a wedge‐like 500‐hPa air temperature anomaly over the tropical Indian and western equatorial Pacific Oceans, which is more significant in the hindcasts than in observations. Further composite analyses confirm that, even without the effect of the preceding ENSO, a basin‐wide tropical Atlantic SST warming favours the development of La Niña.
Encapsulation of wild oregano, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, phenolic extract in baker's yeast for the postharvest control of anthracnose in papaya
Authors: Uclaray Cristina C , Vidallon Mark Louis P , Almeda Ronaniel A , Cumagun Christian Joseph R , Reyes Charisse T , Rodriguez Evelyn B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is considered as a major postharvest disease affecting many fruits. This plant disease is traditionally managed with synthetic fungicides, which are generally toxic and are linked to pathogen resistance. Recently, microencapsulated bioactives have been developed as potential alternative strategies to these methods, while utilizing natural fungicides and other phytochemicals. Wild oregano, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, contains potent antimicrobial phenolics, but these compounds are volatile and relatively unstable, which limits their efficacy during application. Herein, a baker's yeast microencapsulation system was applied to improve the stability of wild oregano phenolic extract (WOPE) and enhance its antifungal activity against anthracnose.RESULTSEncapsulation of WOPE in plasmolyzed yeast cells afforded a high encapsulation efficiency (93%) and yielded WOPE‐loaded yeast microcapsules (WLYMs) with an average diameter of 2.65 μm. Storage stability studies showed WLYMs are stable for at least 4 months. A 24  ‐h in vitro release experiment showed that WLYMs had an initial burst release upon redispersion in water, followed by a controlled release to about 80% of the loaded WOPE. Upon application as a spray‐type postharvest treatment for papaya, WLYMs exhibited a significantly improved mycelial inhibitory action against C. gloeosporioides and greatly reduced the anthracnose symptoms in papaya fruits.CONCLUSIONThis study presented a yeast microencapsulation system that can effectively stabilize WOPE and enhance its antifungal activity, making this microparticle formulation a promising environmentally safe postharvest treatment option to combat anthracnose symptoms in papaya fruits. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Determination of 38 antibiotics in raw and treated wastewater from swine farms using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhi Suli , Zhou Jing , Zhang Zulin , Zhang Keqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study firstly aimed at developing a multi‐residue method to identify and quantify 38 veterinary antibiotics (belonging to five different classes) not only for raw swine wastewater but also for wastewater differently treated by different units. The proposed method is based on a solid‐phase extraction procedure and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. For sample preparation, the optimal loading sample volume was selected as 50 mL, the pH of which was adjusted to approximately 3.0 using formic acid. Then 0.1 g/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was added. The recovery rates for different types of wastewaters were in the range of 35.94–124.51% and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 0.36–14.62%. All the matrix standard curves exhibited high linearity (0.9956–0.9999). The matrix effects for the target antibiotics ranged from –61.73 to +148.75%. To ensure the practicality of the method, we performed the detection of the actually added concentration to determine method detection limits and quantitation limits. The quantitation limits of most of the target antibiotics were 0.04 μg/L, except for spiramycin (0.1 μg/L) and roxithromycin (0.2 μg/L). This optimized and validated method was applied to analyze antibiotic residues in swine water samples from four swine farms.
Desalinization effect of simulated cut‐soiler‐based residue filled preferential shallow subsurface drainage: Improvement of physiology and yield of rain‐fed pearl millet in saline semiarid regions
Authors: Neha  , Yadav Gajender , Yadav Rajender Kumar , Kumar Ashwani , Rai Arvind K. , Sehwag Meena , Onishi Junya , Omori Keisuke , Sharma Parbodh Chander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoil salinity is a major soil degradation problem that limits agricultural production. The cut‐soiler constructed preferential shallow subsurface drainage (PSSD) method is a promising salinity management technology for small‐scale application and adoption in drylands. This study assessed the effectiveness of rice residue‐filled PSSD in managing soil salinity and its effect on the physiology and yield of pearl millet. The cut‐soiler simulated drains were constructed manually in semi‐controlled lysimeter. A double replicated, split–spilt plot experiment, comprising with and without cut‐soiler drainage (main‐plot), two soil types (sub‐plot) and three irrigation water salinity (4, 8, 12 dS m−1) (sub‐sub plot) were conducted during 2019–2020. The cut‐soiler PSSD reduced ~60% soil salinity after 2 years. The PSSD reduced soil salinity by 23.28 and 41.46% in April 2019 and April 2020 (before pearl millet sowing). This reduction was 32.24 and 46.23% in October 2019 and 2020 (at harvest). Cut‐soiler drainage (PSSD) areas recorded lower soil moisture (%) indicated greater outflow of water and salinity. The salinity Inhibition efficiency increased upto 2 years of construction and then decline. The pearl millet grain and biological yields were improved by 23.54 and 12.64%, respectively and a positive effect on plant water relations and physiology was observed. The cut‐soiler PSSD was found to enhance salt removal and reduce salt accumulation under saline water irrigation. These drains can be constructed in a single farm operation at individual farm levels. Therefore, it could be a potential alternative for soil salinity management in semi arid regions irrigated with saline groundwater.
Expression of circadian clock genes in leukocytes of patients with Meniere's disease
Authors: Yang Chao‐Hui , Hwang Chung‐Feng , Tsai Nai‐Wen , Yang Ming‐Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe underlying etiology of Meniere's disease (MD) is not completely clear, but the precipitated triggers may alter the circadian clock in patients with MD. This study aims to survey the expression of circadian clock genes in peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes of MD patients.MethodsWe investigated the expression of nine circadian clock genes in the PB leukocytes of patients with MD and normal controls using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsWe observed significantly lower expression of PER1 gene and higher expression of CLOCK gene in MD patients than those in normal controls (p < 0.05). PER1 did not associate with the degree of dizziness handicap in the patients with MD, but a lower expression of PER1 was significantly correlated with higher pure tone average (PTA) and speech reception threshold of the affected ear (p < 0.05). Patients with PTA > 30 dB had significantly lower PER1 expression than those with PTA ≤30 dB in the affected ear (p < 0.05). Our qRT‐PCR result was validated by fewer positively stained leukocytes for PER1 protein in the MD patients using the immunocytochemical study.ConclusionOur study implies the alteration of the circadian clock in patients with MD. In particular, the downregulation of PER1 correlated with the degree of hearing loss in the affected ear. PER1 in PB leukocytes may be a potential marker for the progression of hearing loss in MD.
Tribological behaviour of AISI 1045 carbon steel in metalworking fluid containing Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Authors: Li Qinghong , Dong Yaohua , Han Mingmou , Zhu Hongling , Shen Yuanyuan , Zhang Li , Dong Lihua , Chen Jinghao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe microbial contamination of metalworking fluid (MWF) has been increasingly recognised as an issue in the machining industry. To investigate the effects of microbes on the tribological behaviour of AISI 1045 carbon steel in the MWF, a strain of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes was isolated from waste metalworking fluid (WMWF). The biodegradation of MWF and the tribological behaviour of carbon steel in MWF in the presence of bacteria and its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were studied. The results showed that the buffer agent and emulsifier were severely biodegraded. The lubricity of the MWF increased first and then dramatically decreased, resulting in a similar trend for the wear of carbon steel in MWF upon prolonging the culture time. The wear mechanism of carbon steel involved a transformation from abrasive wear into tribo‐corrosion wear. Remarkably, the lubricity of the MWF was enhanced during the exponential microbial growth stage due to the synergistic reduction in friction by the layer of adsorbed EPS and the additive layer.
Design and evaluation of a modular multimodality imaging phantom to simulate heterogeneous uptake and enhancement patterns for radiomic quantification in hybrid imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: Kalisvaart Gijsbert M. , van Velden Floris H.P. , Hernández‐Girón Irene , Meijer Karin M. , Ghesquiere‐Dierickx Laura M.H. , Brink Wyger M. , Webb Andrew , de Geus‐Oei Lioe‐Fee , Slump Cornelis H. , Kuznetsov Dimitri V. , Schaart Dennis R. , Grootjans Willem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccuracy and precision assessment in radiomic features is important for the determination of their potential to characterize cancer lesions. In this regard, simulation of different imaging conditions using specialized phantoms is increasingly being investigated. In this study, the design and evaluation of a modular multimodality imaging phantom to simulate heterogeneous uptake and enhancement patterns for radiomics quantification in hybrid imaging is presented.MethodsA modular multimodality imaging phantom was constructed that could simulate different patterns of heterogeneous uptake and enhancement patterns in positron emission tomography (PET), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The phantom was designed to be used as an insert in the standard NEMA‐NU2 IEC body phantom casing. The entire phantom insert is composed of three segments, each containing three separately fillable compartments. The fillable compartments between segments had different sizes in order to simulate heterogeneous patterns at different spatial scales. The compartments were separately filled with different ratios of 99mTc‐pertechnetate, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), iodine‐ and gadolinium‐based contrast agents for SPECT, PET, CT, and T1‐weighted MR imaging respectively. Image acquisition was performed using standard oncological protocols on all modalities and repeated five times for repeatability assessment. A total of 93 radiomic features were calculated. Variability was assessed by determining the coefficient of quartile variation (CQV) of the features. Comparison of feature repeatability at different modalities and spatial scales was performed using Kruskal‐Wallis‐, Mann‐Whitney U‐, one‐way ANOVA‐ and independent t‐tests.ResultsHeterogeneous uptake and enhancement could be simulated on all four imaging modalities. Radiomic features in SPECT were significantly less stable than in all other modalities. Features in PET were significantly less stable than in MR and CT. A total of 20 features, particularly in the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray‐level run‐length matrix (GLRLM) class, were found to be relatively stable in all four modalities for all three spatial scales of heterogeneous patterns (with CQV < 10%).ConclusionThe phantom was suitable for simulating heterogeneous uptake and enhancement patterns in [18F]FDG‐PET, 99mTc‐SPECT, CT, and T1‐weighted MR images. The results of this work indicate that the phantom might be useful for the further development and optimization of imaging protocols for radiomic quantification in hybrid imaging modalities.
Robust flat‐facet triangular shell finite element
Authors: Krysl Petr 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA flat facet finite element with three nodes and six degrees of freedom per node for linear static and dynamic analysis of thick and thin shells is presented. The membrane response is modeled with constant strain triangles. The bending response treats the transverse shear with an improved version of the discrete‐shear‐gap technique. The main novelty of the present approach is the robust treatment of the drilling rotations: the element internally responds to five degrees of freedom per node, but externally it naturally possesses six degrees of freedom per node. The drilling degree of freedom is decoupled from the bending and twisting, and the undesirable user‐selectable arbitrary stabilization is avoided. The element is shown to be robust for extremely thin shells, and passes tests such as the Raasch hook problem. Performance is illustrated with static and dynamic examples including branched and folded shells.
Domestic resource mobilisation strategies of national non‐governmental organisations in Ghana
Authors: Kumi Emmanuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNational non‐governmental organisations (NNGOs) in Ghana are confronted with declining external donor funding, arising in part from the country's graduation to a lower–middle‐income status, but also more complex changes in donor funding modalities. This presents incentives the for mobilisation of alternative domestic resources to ensure organisational sustainability. Drawing on 62 qualitative interviews with NNGOs' leaders, donor representatives and key informants, this article presents findings on how NNGOs in Ghana are responding to this challenge. Using Edwards' idea of funding ecosystem, this article finds that NNGOs mobilised five main domestic resources: (a) volunteer support; (b) individual donations; (c) commercial activities; (d) corporate philanthropy and (e) government funding. The findings shed useful insights on the applicability of democratic, commercial and institutional elements of the funding ecosystem in contexts experiencing aid reduction and donor exit. This article concludes that while external donor funding is an immediate threat to civil society space in Ghana, social innovations in domestic resources in response to it offer limited potentials for NNGOs' financial sustainability due to capacity challenges and the absence of an enabling environment that promote domestic philanthropy. Implications of the research findings for NNGOs' sustainability and domestic philanthropy are discussed.
Annealing induced high‐impact toughness of injection molded isotactic polypropylene filled with liquid‐phase exfoliated graphene
Authors: Liu Jingru , Yu Po 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFavorable dispersibility of graphene (G) nanosheets in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix is a keypoint that affects its toughening effect. In this work, a very low level of liquid‐phase exfoliated G was incorporated into iPP, and the iPP/G composite samples were further annealed at moderate temperature (120–140°C) for 3 h. It was found that liquid‐phase exfoliated G exhibits favorable dispersibility and efficient heterogeneous nucleation ability, significantly reducing the size of iPP spherulites. Characterization of the changes in microstructure of iPP and iPP/G composite upon annealing reveals that the presence of G promotes the perfection of crystalline structure and enhances dramatically the mobility of chain segments in the amorphous region of iPP during the annealing treatment. Moreover, the addition of this kind of well‐dispersed G may be favorable for the stabilization of β‐crystal during the injection molding process, and annealing at 120–140°C is also conducive to the formation of β‐crystal. A possible synergistic toughening mechanism of the incorporation of liquid‐phase exfoliated G and annealing treatment was put forward.
Cost‐effective, high‐throughput phenotyping system for 3D reconstruction of fruit form
Authors: Feldmann Mitchell J. , Tabb Amy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReliable phenotyping methods that are simple to operate and inexpensive to deploy are critical for studying quantitative traits in plants. Traditional fruit shape phenotyping relies on human raters or 2D analyses to assess form, e.g., size and shape. Systems for 3D imaging using multi‐view stereo have been implemented, but frequently rely on commercial software and/or specialized hardware, which can lead to limitations in accessibility and scalability. We present a complete system constructed of consumer‐grade components for capturing, calibrating, and reconstructing the 3D form of small‐to‐moderate sized fruits and tubers. Data acquisition and image capture sessions are 9 seconds to capture 60 images. The initial prototype cost was $1600 USD. We measured accuracy by comparing reconstructed models of 3D printed ground truth objects to the original digital files of those same ground truth objects. The R2 between length of the primary, secondary, and tertiary axes, volume, and surface area of the ground‐truth object and the reconstructed models was >0.97 and root‐mean square error (RMSE) was < 3 mm for objects without locally concave regions. Measurements from 1 mm and 2 mm resolution reconstructions were consistent (R2 > 0.99). Qualitative assessments were performed on 48 fruit and tubers, including 18 strawberries, 12 potatoes, five grapes, seven peppers, and four Bosc and two red Anjou pears. Our proposed phenotyping system is fast, relatively low cost, and has demonstrated accuracy for certain shape classes, and could be used for the 3D analysis of fruit form.