bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of sonicated gluten protein and subsequent rheological properties of model dough and noodles
Authors: Guo Zehang , Zhang Hongxin , Chen Kewei , Wang Zhirong , Chen Guangjing , Yang Bing , Kan Jianquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of the thermo‐mechanical and rheological properties of a wheat gluten‐sonicated model dough and noodles, as well as the effects of ultrasonic frequency (20, 28, 40, 68 and 80 kHz) on the functional properties and structural features of gluten.ResultsWater absorption, stability and developmental time, and viscoelastic behavior of gluten‐sonicated model dough were all found to be improved. Water absorption, tensile resistance and stretching distance of noodles increased markedly, whereas cooking loss decreased. Ultrasonication at different frequencies also significantly affected gluten structure, including its surface hydrophobicity, micro‐network structure, and secondary and tertiary structures. These alterations then caused changes in its functional characteristics. Compared to untreated gluten, sonicated gluten exhibited significantly increased oil and water capacities (8.75–15.26% and 100.65–127.71% higher than the untreated gluten, respectively), foaming and emulsifying properties, and increased solubility (63.46–98.83% higher than control). In addition, these findings indicated that 40 kHz was the likely resonance frequency of the cavitation bubble in the gluten solution. However, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis electropherograms revealed that such treatments did not affect the molecular weight of gluten, which was also consistent with its unchanged disulfide bond content.ConclusionThe present study clarified the impact of frequency on the properties of gluten and model dough. The best frequency for modification of gluten was 40 kHz. Collectively, these findings suggest that ultrasonic technology has the potential for use in modifying wheat gluten and commercial noodle processing. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Oxidative digestion of dissolved N‐compounds by the UV/O3 process: Kinetic models and rate constants
Authors: Cai Rongyao , Shou Weiqiang , Lai Shanbao , Chen Huixuan , Liu Zhengyu , Zhou Mengfei , Sun Xiaofang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, the reaction mechanisms and kinetic of UV/O3 digestion processes were explored with ammonium chloride and urea as the target pollutants, focused on the ozone direct oxidation and hydroxyl radical oxidation parts. Under the conditions of dual environmental digestion method, two kinds of kinetic models were proposed by competitive kinetic method with Rct based on the different scale of rate constants of hydroxyl radical oxidation. Subsequently, the second‐order rate constants of ammonia (pH 11) and urea (pH 2) was determined to be 4.613 ± 0.094 and 0.378 ± 0.006 M–1 s–1 by ozone direct oxidation, and (6.154 ± 0.971) × 107 and (2.257 ± 0.513) × 106 M–1 s–1 by hydroxyl radical oxidation, respectively. Compared with contribution level of two parts to the digestion process, it was shown that in the digestion of ammonia, ozone and •OH radical contribute equally (58.86%, 41.14%). In contrast, in the case of urea, ozone (86.10%) contributes more than •OH radical.
Forward and reverse evolution of multivariate responses to cyanobacteria in experimental waterflea populations
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Jiang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies of rapid evolution under changing environments are important for understanding the evolutionary fate of populations and the future of biodiversity. We used experimental evolution to test whether the presence of toxic cyanobacteria and its subsequent removal could lead to rapid forward and reverse genetic changes in multiple traits of the zooplankter Ceriodaphnia cornuta. In the forward selection experiment, the covariant pattern in multivariate trait space provided strong evidence of adaptive evolution in multiple traits at two selection levels, in the presence of toxic cyanobacteria. The C. cornuta population under high selection pressure showed higher tolerance than those under low selection pressure. The total trait change generated through evolutionary responses (constitutive evolution and evolution of plasticity) ranged from 0.2% to 32.2%, depending on the trait and selection level. After the relaxation of selection, almost all evolved traits were restored to their original state when the C. cornuta population were fed pure green algae. That is, the toxin‐tolerant phenotypes were culled off from the population in the absence of the selection pressure, suggesting a heavy cost of maintaining tolerance. The genotype dynamics indicated that asymmetric intraspecific competition may be the main force driving the rapid reverse evolution. These results suggest that the change in cyanobacteria biomass, from proliferation to decline, resulted in rapid forward and reverse evolution of multivariate phenotypic responses in the freshwater zooplankton grazer C. cornuta.
Effect of rare earth on inclusion evolution and corrosion resistance of HRB400E steel
Authors: Huang Fei , Li Jing , Geng Ruming , Wang Changcheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of rare earth elements Ce and La on the evolution behavior of inclusions in HRB400E steel was studied through experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. Neutral salt spray corrosion experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of Ce–La on the corrosion resistance of steel. The results showed that the typical inclusions in steel without rare earth were MnS and MnO–SiO2. A small amount of Mn–Si–O–S inclusions was also observed. After adding rare earth, the typical inclusions were transformed into isolated (Ce,La)2O2S, (Ce,La)2O3 + MnS, and (Ce,La)2O2S + MnS complex inclusions. The thermodynamic calculations indicated that the rare earth elements in molten steel preferentially reacted with MnO–SiO2 inclusions and dissolved oxygen and sulfur to form (Ce,La)2O3 and (Ce,La)2O2S. Small amounts of [S] and [Mn] adhered to the surface of the nucleated rare earth inclusions to form complex inclusions. After Ce–La treatment, the corrosion rate of the steel decreased from 3.491 to 1.992 mm year−1, and the corrosion resistance was improved. The change in corrosion behavior is due to the modification of the inclusions into rare earth inclusions with good compatibility with the steel matrix.
What drives preference for the compromise option? Disentangling position‐based versus attribute‐based effects
Authors: Kim Jungkeun , Spence Mark T. , Oppewal Harmen , Park Jongwon , Marshall Roger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe compromise effect exists where consumers show a disproportional preference for the option with intermediate attribute levels in a choice set. The effect has been widely observed in the literature. Other research has demonstrated the benefits of a product physically occupying a middle position, regardless of relative attribute levels. Both streams of research thus show that consumers' preferences are influenced by the display format of the choice set, with benefits accruing to the middle option. This research demonstrates that the compromise effect comprises both an attribute‐based and a position‐based component by disentangling these two effects. We demonstrate the coexistence of both components in a series of five experiments, including a field experiment, that systematically vary an option's position based on relative attribute levels and in terms of position. Existing literature on the compromise effect only to a limited extent accounts for this possibility, even though it has significant theoretical and practical relevance. While brands largely determine attribute levels, marketers/retailers can often determine a brand's display position. We also establish the moderating role of time pressure and find that the position component becomes more prominent when time is constrained while the attribute effect becomes more prominent when time is unconstrained.
Family caregivers' experiences of caring for neonates undergoing enterostomy in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Ni Zhi Hong , Ding Sheng , Wu Jin Hua , Wang Fang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the nursing experiences and care needs of family caregivers caring for neonates with enterostomies in China.DesignA qualitative study.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with family caregivers who care for neonates undergoing enterostomy. Family caregivers were selected using a purposive sampling method from three children's hospitals until no new data were generated (N = 26). Data analysis applied the thematic analysis method. The caregivers' experiences were described using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe experience of family caregivers was described as growing in adaptation, where five main themes emerged: (1) complex emotional responses; (2) uncertainty about everything; (3) lack of confidence, anxiety and helplessness; (4) eagerness for professional support; (5) active adaptation, gain‐harvest and gain‐growth. These findings increased understanding and added knowledge on this topic that is rarely studied in China. Healthcare authorities and professionals should recognize and understand the lives and situations of family caregivers (whose neonates undergo enterostomy) to better identify their difficulties and needs.
The effects of receiver arrangement on velocity analysis with multi‐concurrent receiver GPR data
Authors: Angelis Dimitrios , Warren Craig , Diamanti Nectaria , Martin James , Annan A. Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDetermining subsurface electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity is critical for ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data analysis, as velocity is used for the time‐to‐depth conversion, and hence leads to obtaining the precise location of the objects of interest. Currently, the way to acquire detailed subsurface EM wave velocity models involves employing multi‐offset GPR surveys, such as wide‐angle reflection‐refraction (WARR), in conjunction with normal moveout (NMO) based velocity analysis. Traditionally, these surveys are carried out using two separate transducers and were, therefore, time‐consuming and had limited uptake. Recent advances in GPR hardware have allowed the development of novel systems with multi‐concurrent sampling receivers, which enable rapid and dense acquisition of WARR data. These additional receivers increase the overall size, weight and cost of the system. Therefore, we investigated the effects of receiver arrangement on NMO‐based velocity analysis and considered reducing the overall number of transducers, whilst maintaining satisfactory velocity spectra resolution and, hence, obtaining detailed stacking velocity models as well as improved stacked reflection sections. We used both simulated data from complex three‐dimensional models as well as field data and examined different numbers and positions of receivers in different environments. Our results show that velocity spectra resolution can be maintained within acceptable limits whilst reducing the number of receivers from a configuration with seven equally spaced receivers, to a sparse configuration of four receivers. Thus, being able to decrease the number of receivers used by these new GPR systems will reduce both the total system weight and cost and, hopefully, increase their adoption for GPR surveys.
Burden and unmet needs in asthma care in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Wadhawan Surbhi , Muthukumaru Umadevi A. , Loh Li Cher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAsthma is a chronic respiratory disease with increasing global prevalence. It affects approximately 300 million people globally and more than a third of these patients have uncontrolled asthma. The burden of poorly controlled asthma is considerable both for the individuals and the society. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, 455,000 people died from asthma worldwide in 2019, the majority in low and low‐middle‐income countries. This article highlights the unmet needs and burden of asthma in the Asia‐Pacific region where many patients have poorly controlled asthma despite advances in asthma care and treatment. A mismatch between patients’ (and physicians’) perception of asthma control and optimal asthma control as defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) is a challenge in the real‐life management of many patients. Consequently, treatment adherence and optimization are affected. In many of these aspects, patients with asthma in the Asia‐Pacific region are comparatively worse than those from Europe and North America. In future, cooperation of all stakeholders is needed in improving awareness, education, and goal‐directed management of asthma with meaningful improvement in quality of life. This article draws attention to some of the important gaps in asthma management in the Asia‐Pacific region and suggests some measures to address these unmet needs.
Bilioptysis associated with alcohol hepatitis without evidence of bronchobiliary fistula: A rare case report
Authors: Ngo Jennifer , Wenger Mathew , Chee Alex 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe presence of bilirubin in the sputum is uncommon but, when present, is most commonly associated with the presence of bronchobiliary fistula, which could be associated with a number of underlying conditions. However, the finding of bilioptysis without bronchobiliary fistula is uncommon, with one associated mechanism postulated to involve increased capillary membrane permeability. This case report describes a patient presenting with bilioptysis while being medically managed with prednisolone for severe alcoholic hepatitis. The patient developed hospital‐acquired pneumonia during her hospitalization associated with bilioptysis, resulting in progressive respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. Alcohol‐related pulmonary dysfunction alters pulmonary immune processes, leading to increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection and disrupting the basal alveolar epithelial membrane, thus increasing permeability. This patient's findings were in the absence of a bronchobiliary or bronchopleural fistula, and we hypothesize that increased capillary membrane permeability was contributory to the bilioptysis in this case.
Structural behavior of full‐scale precast posttensioned girder with substandard transverse reinforcement–experimental and analytical study
Authors: Joyklad Panuwat , Sirisonthi Athasit , Chaiyasarn Krisada , Hussain Qudeer , Suparp Suniti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRapid expansion of developed cities create problems mainly attributed to traffic congestions. Recently, Bangkok has faced rapid growth and the expanded neighborhoods require convenient public transport to be linked with central Bangkok and other parts of Thailand. Monorails can be an exceptional alternative to conventional skylines and subways thankfully to their excellent climbing abilities, lower noise, shorter constructions periods, and their capabilities to be adapted within limited spaces. Recently, Mass Rapid Transit Authority adopted monorail system to facilitate public in Bangkok's expanding neighborhoods. A four‐span continuous posttensioned girder system has been proposed for the straddle monorail system. Current study focuses on the structural response of full‐scale precast posttensioned (FPP) end girders in the proposed monorail system. Results suggested that the girder remained undamaged under service load while exhibiting a linear load versus vertical deflection response. Failure under ultimate load was accompanied by crushing of concrete, buckling of compression longitudinal bars and posttension tendons at the midspan. Further, experimental rosette strains suggested that concrete strains remained well below the ultimate of strains in the vicinity of high shear zones of the girder. Therefore, these results augment that the proposed design practice is safe against shear and the proposed girder can safely be used as the end girder in four‐span straddle monorail system. Nonlinear analysis of the girder was performed using advanced tool for engineering nonlinear analysis by adopting its built‐in constitutive laws for concrete and steel reinforcement. Predicted analytical response of FPP was in good agreement with experimental results in terms of load‐deflection curves, crack patterns, and failure mode.
Eccentric loading behavior of steel tube columns filled with steel‐fiber‐reinforced recycled concrete
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Huang Dongming , Lu Yiyan , Li Shan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA comprehensive study focuses on the eccentric compressive behavior of steel‐fiber‐reinforced recycled concrete filled steel tube (SRCFST) columns. A total 39 stub columns are tested, and the variables include eccentricity ratio (e/r), steel fiber volume, quality replacement rate of recycled aggregate, concrete strength grade, and diameter–thickness ratio of steel tube. Failure mode, the load–lateral deflection behavior and the moment–curvature response are analyzed. The load–moment interaction relationships, the load–strain responds and the neutral axis position are researched. The results show that the use of recycled aggregate causes the little‐to‐no influence on the eccentric loaded performance of SRCFST columns with a relative smaller e/r. However, the ultimate load and deformability of the columns with higher e/r both decreases rapidly. Adding steel fibers can offset this adverse effect. The addition of steel fibers sustains a higher relative compression region height in the cross section. The ultimate load descent of SRCFST columns due to the increase of e/r is slower than ordinary concrete filled steel tube and recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube columns. Moreover, on the basis of the unified theory, a calculation model is proposed to predict the ultimate capacity of SRCFST columns under combined loadings. The model captures well the compressive response of SRCFST columns.
Use of coffee waste for the production of biofuels
Authors: Saldaña‐Mendoza S. A. , Martínez‐Hernandez J. L. , Rodríguez‐Herrera R. , Palacios‐Ponce A. S. , Sugathan Shiburaj , Aguilar Cristobal N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrently, coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world and one of the most important commercial products. However, the industrial processing of this crop generates enormous amounts of waste that are disposed of in the environment, generating a severe pollution problem. This situation raises the need to look for alternatives to use these wastes to reduce their negative impact on the environment. The use of coffee waste to generate biofuels stands out as a viable alternative to mitigate the adverse effects produced by its deposition. This work compiles information on the types of coffee processing, production, and alternatives for the use of waste generated during its processing, highlighting its exploitation in the generation of biofuels.
Automated Topic Categorisation of Citizens’ Contributions: Reducing Manual Labelling Efforts Through Active Learning
Authors: Romberg Julia , Escher Tobias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolitical authorities in democratic countries regularly consult the public on specific issues but subsequently evaluating the contributions requires substantial human resources, often leading to inefficiencies and delays in the decision-making process. Among the solutions proposed is to support human analysts by thematically grouping the contributions through automated means. While supervised machine learning would naturally lend itself to the task of classifying citizens’ proposal according to certain predefined topics, the amount of training data required is often prohibitive given the idiosyncratic nature of most public participation processes. One potential solution to minimise the amount of training data is the use of active learning. While this semi-supervised procedure has proliferated in recent years, these promising approaches have never been applied to the evaluation of participation contributions. Therefore we utilise data from online participation processes in three German cities, provide classification baselines and subsequently assess how different active learning strategies can reduce manual labelling efforts while maintaining a good model performance. Our results show not only that supervised machine learning models can reliably classify topic categories for public participation contributions, but that active learning significantly reduces the amount of training data required. This has important implications for the practice of public participation because it dramatically cuts the time required for evaluation from which in particular processes with a larger number of contributions benefit.
New renormalons from analytic trans-series
Authors: Mariño Marcos , Miravitllas Ramon , Reis Tomás 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the free energy of integrable, asymptotically free field theories in two dimensions coupled to a conserved charge. We develop methods to obtain analytic expressions for its trans-series expansion, directly from the Bethe ansatz equations, and we use this result to determine the structure of its Borel singularities. We find a new class of infrared renormalons which does not fit the traditional expectations of renormalon physics proposed long ago by ’t Hooft and Parisi. We check the existence of these new singularities with detailed calculations based on the resurgent analysis of the perturbative expansion. Our results show that the structure of renormalons in asymptotically free theories is more subtle than previously thought, and that large N estimates of their location might be misleading.
Conformal surface defects in Maxwell theory are trivial
Authors: Herzog Christopher P. , Shrestha Abhay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider a free Maxwell field in four dimensions in the presence of a codimension two defect. Reflection positive, codimension two defects which preserve conformal symmetry in this context are very limited. We show only generalized free fields can appear in the defect operator product expansion of the bulk Maxwell field; in particular correlation functions of these defect operators can be evaluated via Wick’s Theorem.
On four-way CP model estimation efficiency
Authors: Simonacci Violetta , Gallo Michele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe latent structure of four-dimensional tensors can be investigated by means of the four-way CANDECOMP/PARAFAC model. This technique is seldom used because its estimating design is challenging from an algorithmic and interpretational standpoint. Parameter estimation with a least-squares approach can be computationally costly, especially under difficult conditions such as factor collinearity and model over-specification. In this work, we implement a 4th-order extension of the efficient trilinear procedure INT-2 to tackle estimating setbacks and test it in a simulation study.