bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FPGA Implementation of Gauss Gradient Edge Detectors for Medical Images
Authors: Sivasankari B , Ahilan A. , Kumar S. N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Boundary recognition plays a vital role in real-world scenarios like medical imaging and surveillance. The classical edge detector fails to preserve minute details in the image. The abdominal CT images were first analyzed using two edge detection techniques based on gauss gradient are proposed here for real-time data processing. The performance of the edge detectors is validated by performance metrics and verified for benchmark dataset images. The results reveal that the gauss gradient edge detector was efficient for the boundary extraction in benchmark and medical images. The VLSI implementation of the proposed gauss gradient edge detectors is done using the Kintex 7-FPGA board, hardware implementation also generates efficient results with reduced execution time.
Image embeddings extracted from CNNs outperform other transfer learning approaches in chest radiographs’ classification
Authors: Gozzi Noemi , Giacomello Edoardo , Sollini Martina , Kirienko Margarita , Ammirabile Angela , Lanzi Pierluca , Loiacono Daniele , Chiti Arturo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the best transfer learning approach in the identification of the most frequent abnormalities on chest radiograph (CXR) using embeddings extracted from pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Explainable AI (XAI) model was applied to interpret black-box models’ predictions and assess its performance.
Methods and Materials:
Seven CNNs were trained on CheXpert. Three different transfer learning approaches were thereafter applied to a local dataset. Ensembling of the classification results was performed using simple and entropy-weighted averaging. Model performance was assessed by using the area under the curve (AUC). We applied Grad-CAM (an XAI model) to produce a saliency map, highlighting areas of the image relevant to the classification of the output class, both on single images and on a 200 CXRs sample. Grad-CAM maps were compared to regions of interest extracted manually. The training time was recorded.
Results
The best transfer learning model was the one that used image embeddings and Random Forest with simple averaging, whit an average AUC of 0.856. Grad-CAM maps showed that the models were focusing on specific features of each CXR. The training time was less than five minutes.
Conclusions
CNNs pre-trained on a large public dataset of medical images can be exploited as feature extractors for a task of interest. The extracted image embeddings contain relevant information to train an additional classifier with good performance on an independent dataset demonstrating to be the optimal transfer learning strategy, overcoming the need for large private datasets, high computational resources, and long training times.
Epidemiology and Prognosis factors of primary GI melanoma in the past decade: Results from the SEER database
Authors: Bangolo Ayrton , Fwelo Pierre , Sagireddy Sowmya , Shah Harin , Trivedi Chinmay , Patel Rutvij , Bharane Luke , Randhawa Manraj K. , Hashem Jennifer , Terefe Hannah , Kaur Gagan , Dinko Nicholas , Emiroglu Fatma Lina , Mohamed Ahmed , Fallorina Mark A. , Kosoy David , Waqar Danish , Shenoy Ankita , Ahmed Kareem , Nanavati Anvit , Singh Amritpal , Willie Anthony , Gonzalez Diego MC. , Mukherjee Deblina , sajja Jayadev , Proverbs-Singh Tracy , Elias Sameh , Weissman Simcha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics, survival outcomes, and independent prognostic factors of patients with primary GI melanoma in the past decade alone. Methods: A total of 399 patients diagnosed with Primary GI melanoma, between 2008 and 2017, were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall mortality (OM) as well as cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of primary GI melanoma. Variables with a p value < 0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors, with a hazard ratio (HR) of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors. Results: Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed higher OM in age group 80+ (HR = 5.653, 95% CI 2.212 - 14.445, p=0), stomach location of the tumor (HR = 2.821, 95% CI 1.265 - 6.292, p = 0.011), and distant metastases (HR= 4.491, 95% CI 3.115-6.476, p=0). Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups. Conclusion: In this population-based retrospective cohort study using the SEER database, we found that age at diagnosis, the primary site of the disease, and advanced disease at diagnosis were independent factors predicting poor prognosis. Furthermore, even surgical resection and marital status did not significantly impact the overall mortality or the cancer-specific mortality.
The BE (2)-M17 cell line has a better dopaminergic phenotype than the traditionally used for Parkinson´s research SH-SY5Y, which is mostly serotonergic.
Authors: Carvajal-Oliveros Angel , Uriostegui-Arcos Maritere , Zurita Mario , Melchy-Perez Erika I. , Narváez-Padilla Verónica , Reynaud Enrique 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
SH-SY5Y is a cell line derived from human neuroblastoma. It is one of the most widely used in vitro models to study Parkinson’s disease. Surprisingly, it has been found that it does not develop a dopaminergic phenotype after differentiation, questioning its usefulness as a Parkinson’s model. There are other in vitro models with better dopaminergic characteristics. BE (2)-M17 is a human neuroblastoma cell line that differentiates when treated with retinoic acid. We compared the dopaminergic and serotonergic properties of both cell lines. BE (2)-M17 has higher basal levels of dopaminergic markers and acquires a serotonergic phenotype during differentiation while maintaining the dopaminergic phenotype. SH-SY5Y has higher basal levels of serotonergic markers but does not acquire a dopaminergic phenotype upon differentiation.
Palmitate and Western diet induce oxidative damage and impairment of mitophagy in hepatocytes - reversal by a neurotrophic factor
Authors: Mwangi Simon Musyoka , Li Ge , Balasubramaniam Arun , Merlin Didier , Dawson Paul A. , Jang Young C. , Hart C. Michael , Czaja Mark J. , Sriniva Shanthi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased oxidative stress that leads to hepatocyte and mitochondrial damage. In this study we investigated the mechanisms involved in the induction of oxidative stress and impairment of mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy in hepatocytes by the saturated fatty acid palmitate and Western diet feeding in mice and if their harmful effects could be reversed by the neurotrophic factor glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Western diet (WD)-feeding increased hepatic lipid peroxidation in control mice and, in vitro palmitate induced oxidative stress and impaired the mitophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria in hepatocytes. This was accompanied by reductions in hepatocyte sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) deacetylase activity, gene expression and protein levels as well as in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. These reductions were reversed in the liver of Western diet fed GDNF transgenic mice and in hepatocytes exposed to palmitate in the presence of GDNF. We demonstrate an important role for Western diet and palmitate in inducing oxidative stress and impairing mitophagy in hepatocytes and an ability of GDNF to prevent this. These findings suggest that GDNF or its agonists may be a potential therapy for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
An investigation of photo_Electrical Properties of Silicon Nanoparticles/PSi/p-Si Hetero Structures
Authors: Dheyab amer B. , Azzawi Mohanad M , Dhaigham Ayad A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, two forms of nanocrystalline, were used (as-prepared macroPorous silicon and silicon nanoparticle) to synthesize hybrid structures for photodetectors applications. The fabrication pathway was carried out through two 2-steps processes. The 1-step was formation of as-prepared silicon nanoparticle (SiNPs), while and the 2-step was creation of low spam of macroPSi size substrate via electrochemical etching process in HF solutions. Specific features of SiNPs and low spam of macroPSi size substrate were explored using scanning electron microscopy SEM, energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy respectively. Dark and photo current characteristics and spectral responsively of photodetectors were investigated for the macPSi layer and the hybrid structure. The performance of the hybrid configuration shows an improvement in the sensitivity of about 0.75 A/W with appearance of new additional peak at 450nm as compared with the PSi photodetector of about 0.93 A/W. The achieved improvement is related with the appearance of double Heterojunction device between PSi/si and SiNPs/PSi. Also this improvement may be related with the reduction of the reflectd light from the hybrid structure due to the multiple reflection between SiNPs/PSi. The quantum efficiency η of the photodetector in the spectral range 450–700 nm was found to be 65%.
Study on the Biological Toxicity of Lead-zinc Mine Waste water on fresherwater fish about the winter
Authors: liu shunliang , Feng Yali , Li Haoran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine if lead and zinc mining effluent affected the luminous bacterium Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.Q67, Vibrio fischeri, and the fish Procypris merus. The results showed that there was a significant dose-effect relationship between the mine wastewater and the acute toxicity of the three tested organisms. When the receptor in different concentration of lead and zinc mine wastewater after 24 h stress, fish showed different degrees of antioxidant enzyme system of induction or inhibition phenomena, the gill tissue and GSH in liver pancreas presented "poison exciting effect", activities of the body by low concentration stress, under severe stress activity is reduced, and the fish antioxidant activity related to the physiological functions of organs and metabolism, T-AOC, CAT and GSH activity organize distribution specificity. All of the three organisms can be used to indicate the toxicity of the mine wastewater effectively, and among which the luminescent bacteria were more sensitive and rapid. For the reason that the Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.Q67 had the minimum EC50 values and higher sensitivity, it can be used as a characterization of the risks associated with mining wastewater toxicity. GSH in gill tissue and hepatopancreas of cyprinus gramineus can also be used as biomarkers of pollutant stress in lead-zinc mine wastewater.
Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, improves cognitive dysfunction due to hypoglycemia: An association with reduced pericyte loss and blood-brain barrier leakage
Authors: Lin Lu , Chen Zhou , Huang Cuihua , Wu Yubin , Huang Lishan , Wang Lijing , Ke Sujie , Liu Libin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hypoglycemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction, however, the exact mechanisms have not been elucidated. Our previous study found that severe hypoglycemia can lead to cognitive dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse model after severe hypoglycemia. Thus, the aim of this study was to further investigate whether the mechanism of severe hypoglycemia leading to cognitive dysfunction is related to oxidative stress-mediated pericyte loss and blood-brain barrier leakage. A streptozotocin T1D model, using male C57BL/6J mice, was used to induce hypoglycemia. The brain tissue was stained, ROS and ATP were determined, and cognitive function was tested using the Morris water maze. Also, an in vitro glucose deprivation model was constructed. The results show that blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage after hypoglycemia is associated with excessive activation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction due to glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Interventions using the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO in both in vivo and in vitro models reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, decreased pericyte loss and apoptosis, and attenuated BBB leakage and neuronal damage, ultimately leading to improved cognitive function.
Δ9-THC Administration Reduces Microtubule Protein Network Dynamics and Impairs Memory Formation in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Mohammadkhani Mina , Jarah Mostafa , Gholami Dariush , Riazi Gholamhossein , Mirabzadeh Yasaman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
There is growing evidence of microtubule dynamics in memory formation and learning. Dynamic microtubules are involved in dendritic spine changes, synaptic plasticity, axonal transportation, and cell polarity. Besides, one of the well-studied effects of cannabis on human behavior is memory disability. As Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) is the most crucial ingredient of cannabis, we investigated the effect of ∆9-THC on memory function by treating rats and conveying a behavioral study.
Results
Our results show the poor performance of THC-treated animals in T-maze compared to the control group. Results of the turbidity assay demonstrate that ∆9-THC reduces microtubule polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner. Circular Dichroism spectroscopy also studied structural changes of purified tubulin, which revealed the significant changes in the secondary structure of tubulin. Furthermore, in silico studies predicted one binding site for ∆9-THC on β-tubulin.
Conclusions
We concluded that ∆9-THC can reduce the stability of the microtubule, and this may conversely affect synaptic plasticity, thus learning and memory. We proposed that brain function is affected by microtubule dynamic changes caused by the secondary structural changes of tubulin and preventing tubulin-tubulin interaction.
Evaluation of anterior chamber morphology following scleral buckling with Pentacam
Authors: Zhu Kai , Li Xiaojun , Gu Yonghao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: This study was to evaluate anterior segment parameter changes following scleral buckling (SB) surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using the Pentacam Scheimpflug system.Methods: Twenty-eight phakic eyes of 28 patients who underwent SB surgery for RDD were included. The anterior chamber volume (ACV), central anterior chamber depth (CACD), mean anterior chamber angle (ACA) and ACA in a specific position (buckle quadrant), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively by an anterior Pentacam Scheimpflug method. Results: The ACV parameters were significantly decreased compared with preoperative levels at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after SB surgery (P<0.05). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 day was significantly higher than the preoperative level, but no subsequent significant difference was noted between the preoperative IOP and that at 1 week and 1 and 3 months postoperatively (P>0.05). The CCT at 1 day after surgery increased significantly and subsequently returned to the normal level postoperatively at 1 week and remained stable until 3 months (P>0.05). The degree of postoperative CACD displayed no significant change in the different quadrants. There was a significant increase in the ACA of the buckle quadrants at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery (P<0.05), returning to the normal level at 3 months.Conclusion: The changes of anterior chamber parameters after SB can be demonstrated by Pentacam both objectively and quantitatively. The ACV and CCT changes were mild and resumed their preoperative parameters after 1week, while the increase of the ACA at the buckle quadrant returned to normal after 3 months.
Activated carbon derived from sugarcane and modified with natural zeolite for efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye: experimentally and theoretically approaches
Authors: Mohamed Fatma , Shaaban Mohamed , Zaki Shimaa Kotb , Abd-Elsamie Maysaa Sayed , Sayed Radwa , Zayed Mohamed , Khalid Nermein , Saad Sara , Omar Sara , Ahmed Ashour M. , Gerges Abanoub , El-Mageed H. R. Abd , Soliman N. K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Activated carbon/natural zeolite (AC/NZ) was introduced as an effective and stable adsorbent for the enhancement of the adsorption of methylene blue (MB). The activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from sugarcane waste by calcination at different temperatures from 500 to 900 °C. The samples were characterized for confirming their structure and chemical composition by using many techniques. For activated carbon calcinated at 500 °C (AC500), the XRD patterns showed many broad peaks which confirm the amorphous phase of carbonization with disordered micro-graphite stacking. The SEM images of the AC500/NZ nanocomposite show that the zeolite surface is covert with the AC500 particles. The AC500/NZ nanocomposite showed light absorption capability in the visible region than activated carbon only. Batch experiments were performed to study the influence of various practical variables on adsorption processes. Dye adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also investigated. The effect of contact time, starting MB concentration, and pH were all measured. Adsorption of MB was reached to maximum removal (99.2 %) using 50 mg of AC500/NZ after 45 minutes. About 51 mg/g was found to be the maximum AC500/NZ adsorption capacity for MB dye with an initial concentration of 30 ppm, at 25 °C, pH 7, and an AC500/NZ mass of 50 mg. According to the kinetic tests, the best kinetic model for MB adsorption was pseudo-second-order. The adsorption isotherm of dye onto AC500/NZ almost agreed with the Temkin isotherm model. Adsorbed heat energy B value calculated according to Temkin model was less than 1.0 kcal/mol which indicates that the adsorption reaction of MB onto AC500/NZ occurs physically in the concentration studied. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism was also evaluated using Weber's intra-particle diffusion module. Finally, AC500/NZ adsorbent considers a good candidate for water remediation. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies indicated the adsorption of MB molecule on the AC/NZ nanocomposite surface in dry system (no solvent) following a parallel mode in most of all studied configurations, confirming the strong interactions between the MB molecule and surfaces atoms of AC/NZ nanocomposite. The molecular structure analysis of MB molecule on the AC/NZ nanocomposite surface indicated that the adsorption process related to Van der Waals dispersion force. Consequently, this helps to trap MB molecule on the AC/NZ nanocomposite surface (i.e., physical adsorption), which supports our experimental results.
A caparison between ultrasound-guided AIIS injection and radiography in diagnosis of subspine impingement in patients with FAI
Authors: He Zi-Yi , Liu Zi-Ming , Bi Gui-Juan , Zhang Xiao-Le , Wang Jian-Quan , Jiang Ling , Ju Xiao-Dong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Subspine impingement (SSI) lacks effective diagnostic criteria, especially in patients combined with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The classification of AIIS morphology through three-dimensional CT was in doubt.
Purpose
To propose the method of ultrasound-guided anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) injection as a diagnostic idea for SSI and evaluate the accuracy of the radiography method including 3-D CT or MRI as well as intraoperative findings for diagnosis.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with FAI between September 2020 and December 2021 were evaluated. Those who met the criteria received ultrasound-guided AIIS injection test. It was recorded whether the pain were relieved after injection in the radiology report. Those patients who experienced a significant relief of the anterior groin pain (more than 50%) after AIIS injection were considered as positive responses and received a final diagnosis of SSI. The positive response was compared to the radiography materials including AIIS morphology measured by 3-D CT as well as the superior capsular edema on MRI. It was recorded whether there was congestion or bruise on the capsule side of labrum corresponding to AIIS during hip arthroscopy.
Results
A total of 73 patients with FAI received ultrasound-guided AIIS injection test. The prevalence of 13.70% (10/73), 58.90% (43/73), 23.29% (17/73) and 4.11% (3/73) were determined for Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB and Type III AIIS respectively. 36 patients had positive responses to injection and 37 patients had negative responses to injection. None patients of Type I AIIS, 23(53.49%) patients of Type IIA, 11(64.71%) patients of Type IIB and 2(66.7%) patients of Type III AIIS had positive responses to injection. A total of 57.14% patients with Type II or Type III AIIS had positive responses to injection. The positive ratio of superior capsular edema on MRI in patients with Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB, Type III was 0%, 30.23%, 29.41% and 0%. In non-type I AIIS patients, patients reported positive responses to injection had a higher incidence of superior capsular edema (38.89% vs 14.81%, P = 0.036), but they had no significant differences in the rate of congestion or bruise of labrum (47.22% vs 37.04%, P = 0.419). The results show that any two methods of ultrasound-guided injection, MRI, and intraoperative findings cannot obtain good consistency (κ = 0.222, κ = 0.098 and κ=-0.116, respectively).
Conclusions
This study propose to use the method of ultrasound-guided AIIS injection test to help diagnosing SSI. The methods of radiography including 3-D CT and MRI as well as the intraoperative findings of the labrum cannot be considered as accurate and reliable diagnosis and treatment basis for symptomatic SSI.
Level of Evidence:
IV, case series.
Analysis of prognostic model based on immunotherapy related genes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Wenmiao , liu Lei , Li HouQiang , Sha XinYu , Wang Silin , Huang Zhanghao , Zhou Youlang , Shi Jiahai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and ranks high in the list of mortality due to cancers. Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Despite progress in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, the prognosis of these patients remains dismal. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the predictors and treatment targets of lung cancer to provide appropriate treatments and improve patient prognosis. In this study, the gene modules related to immunotherapy were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using unsupervised clustering, patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were divided into three clusters based on the gene expression. Next, gene clustering was performed on the prognosis-related differential genes, and a six-gene prognosis model (comprising PLK1, HMMR, ANLN, SLC2A1, SFTPB, and CYP4B1) was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Patients with LUAD were divided into two groups: high-risk and low-risk. Significant differences were found in the survival, immune cell infiltration,Tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoints, and immune microenvironment between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, the accuracy of the prognostic model was verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO） dataset in patients with LUAD (GSE30219、GSE31210、GSE50081、GSE72094).