bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Dielectric Trifunctional Metasurface Capable of Independent Amplitude and Phase Modulation
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Yue Zhen , Li Jitao , Liu Jingyu , Wang Guocui , Wang Silei , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yan , Yao Jianquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is essential to independently control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves, and there is an urgent need to integrate multiple functions independently on a single device. Here, an all‐silicon multifunctional metasurface platform that can arbitrarily and independently encode three pairs of amplitude and phase profiles into a single‐layer device is proposed. Three complex amplitude functions can be presented independently by switching the polarization states of the incident and transmitted waves. As a proof of the feasibility and flexibility of the platform, three examples are designed here: the first can generate multipair foci of equal intensity, the second can generate multipair axial bifocals of equal intensity, and the third can generate multipair foci of arbitrary intensity ratios. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations. The proposed multifunctional metasurface platform is powerful in manipulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves, which can find applications in particle manipulation, biology, imaging, and other fields.
Fractional CO2 laser ablation leads to enhanced permeation of a fluorescent dye in healthy and mycotic nails—An imaging investigation of laser–tissue effects and their impact on ungual drug delivery
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Nguyen Nhi , Brewer Jonathan R. , Solovyeva Vita , Haedersdal Merete , Philipsen Peter Alshede 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeConventional oral antifungal therapies for onychomycosis (OM) often do not achieve complete cure and may be associated with adverse effects, medical interactions, and compliance issues restricting their use in a large group of patients. Topical treatment can bypass the systemic side effects but is limited by the physical barrier of the nail plate. Ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment can be used to improve the penetration of topical drugs into the nail. This study visualized the effects of laser ablation of nail tissue and assessed their impact on the biodistribution of a fluorescent dye in healthy and fungal nail tissue.MethodsFor the qualitative assessment of CO2 AFL effects on healthy nail tissue, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS‐M), and widefield fluorescence microscopy (WFM) were used. To quantitate the effect of laser‐pretreatment on the delivery of a fluorescent dye, ATTO‐647N, into healthy and fungal nail tissue, ablation depth, nail plate thickness, and ATTO‐647N fluorescence intensity in three nail plate layers were measured using WFM. A total of 30 nail clippings (healthy n = 18, fungal n = 12) were collected. An aqueous ATTO‐647N solution was directly applied to the dorsal surface of 24 nail samples (healthy n = 12, fungal n = 12) and incubated for 4 hours, of which half (healthy n = 6, fungal n = 6) had been pretreated with AFL (30 mJ/mb, 15% density, 300 Hz, pulse duration <1 ms).ResultsImaging revealed a three‐layered nail structure, an AFL‐induced porous ablation crater, and changes in autofluorescence. While intact fungal samples showed a 106% higher ATTO‐647N signal intensity than healthy controls, microporation led to a significantly increased fluorophore permeation in all samples (p < 0.0001). AFL processing of nail tissue enhanced topical delivery of ATTO‐647N in all layers, (average increase: healthy +108%, fungal +33%), most pronounced in the top nail layer (healthy +122%, fungal +68%). While proportionally deeper ablation craters correlated moderately with higher fluorescence intensities in healthy nail tissue, fungal samples showed no significant relationship.ConclusionFractional CO2 laser microporation is a simple way of enhancing the passive delivery of topically applied ATTO‐647N. Although the impaired nail plate barrier in OM leads to greater diffusion of the aqueous solution, AFL can increase the permeability of both structurally deficient and intact nails.
Implementation of Water‐Soluble Cyclodextrin‐Based Polymers in Biomedical Applications: How Far Are We?
Authors: Agnes Marco , Pancani Elisabetta , Malanga Milo , Fenyvesi Eva , Manet Ilse 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyclodextrin‐based polymers can be prepared starting from the naturally occurring monomers following green and low‐cost procedures. They can be selectively derivatized pre‐ or post‐polymerization allowing to fine‐tune functionalities of ad hoc customized polymers. Preparation nowadays has reached the 100 g scale thanks also to the interest of industries in these extremely versatile compounds. During the last 15 years, these macromolecules have been the object of intense investigations in view of possible biomedical applications as the ultimate goal and large amounts of scientific data are now available. Compared to their monomeric models, already used in the formulation of various therapeutic agents, they display superior behavior in terms of their solubility in water and solubilizing power toward drugs incompatible with biological fluids. Moreover, they allow the combination of more than one type of therapeutic agent in the polymeric system. In this review, a complete state of the art on the knowledge and potentialities of water‐soluble cyclodextrin‐based polymers as therapeutic agents as well as carrier systems for different types of therapeutics to implement combination therapy is provided. Finally, a perspective on their assets for innovation in disease treatment as well as their limits that still need to be addressed is given.
Microenergy acoustic pulse therapy restores urethral wall integrity and continence in a rat model of female stress incontinence
Authors: Tan Yan , Reed‐Maldonado Amanda B. , Wang Guifang , Banie Lia , Peng Dongyi , Zhou Feng , Chen Yinwei , Wang Zhao , Lin Guiting , Lue Tom F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the outcomes and mechanisms of microenergy acoustic pulse (MAP) therapy in an irreversible rat model of female stress urinary incontinence.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: sham control (sham), vaginal balloon dilation and ovariectomy (VBDO), VBDO + β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN), and VBDO + β‐aminopropionitrile treated with MAP (MAP). MAP therapy was administered twice per week for 4 weeks. After a 1‐week washout period, all 24 rats were evaluated with functional and histological studies. The urethral vascular plexus was examined by immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against collagen IV and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The urethral smooth muscle stem/progenitor cells (uSMPCs) were isolated and functionally studied in vivo and in vitro.ResultsFunctional study with leak point pressure (LPP) measurement showed that the MAP group had significantly higher LPPs compared to VBDO and BAPN groups. MAP ameliorated the decline in urethral wall thickness and increased the amount of extracellular matrix within the urethral wall, especially in the urethral and vaginal elastic fibers. MAP also improved the disruption of the urethral vascular plexus in the treated animals. In addition, MAP enhanced the regeneration of urethral and vaginal smooth muscle, and uSMPCs could be induced by MAP to differentiate into smooth muscle and neuron‐like cells in vitro.ConclusionMAP appears to restore urethral wall integrity by increasing muscle content in the urethra and the vagina and by improving the urethral vascular plexus and the extracellular matrix.
Development of soybean oil‐based aqueous polyurethanes and the effect of hydroxyl value on its properties
Authors: Lou Wenxue , Dai Zhuding , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Pingbo , Bao Yanmin , Gao Xuewen , Xia Jialiang , Haryono Agus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of soybean oil‐based polyols were synthesized via the reaction between epoxidized soybean oil and 1,3‐propanediol, trimethylolpropane and xylitol, respectively. The aqueous polyurethanes were synthesized by prepared soybean oil‐based polyols. The effect of hydroxyl value of soybean oil‐based polyols on the mechanical, thermal, hydrophobic properties of the aqueous polyurethane films were also investigated. The results showed that the OH value of polyol increased, the Tg of aqueous polyurethane films increased from 30.04 to 88.28 °C and the water contact angle of materials improved from 80.80° to 98.20°. Besides, water absorption reduced from 40.25% to 2.40%. Also, all samples were placed in the 1 wt% sodium hydroxide solution at 45 °C to test the degradation behaviors. After 24 h, the results demonstrated that aqueous polyurethane synthesized by the highest hydroxyl value(251.00mgKOH/g)polyol had the lowest degradation rate(7.10%). Finally, the mechanical properties and morphology of the aqueous polyurethane film after degradation were investigated, which proved that the hydroxyl value affected the mechanical properties and morphology of the aqueous polyurethane film after degradation.
Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes‐based subtypes and genomic characteristics of EBV‐associated lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma
Authors: Yin WenJuan , Jin JiaoYue , Bao Hua , Chen HanLin , Wang CanMing , Cheng GuoPing , Wu ChaoQi , Wu Meijuan , Yan Junrong , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Ni Xinghao , Su Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) offer a key for morphological diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) and are the foundation of oncoimmunology. To date, no reports have found a specific risk stratification value of TILs and related it to genomic variation in LELC. Based on the stromal TILs (str‐TILs) ratio, we classified 105 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated LELC cases into two subtypes: patients with ≥60% str‐TILs area ratio in tumor were classified as subtype I, and otherwise as subtype II. Subtype I patients had significantly better progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also explored the genomic characteristics of EBV‐associated LELC within different involved organs. We performed whole‐exome sequencing for 51 patients with enough tissue and analyzed the genomic characteristics of EBV‐associated LELC. Overall, EBV‐associated LELCs were characterized by a low somatic mutation rate and copy number variations; the enriched genetic lesions affected RTK‐RAS, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, EBV‐associated LELCs from different organs were more similar to each other genetically as compared with other traditional carcinomas of the same sites―as evidenced by unsupervised clustering based on the quantitative data from both mutation signature and chromosomal aneuploidies. Notably, EBV‐associated LELC patients with oncogenic driver alterations showed a worse prognosis compared with patients without such alterations. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Exponential attitude tracking and disturbance rejection of rigid body systems
Authors: He Changran , Au Kwok Wai Samuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the exponential attitude tracking and disturbance rejection problem of rigid body systems. We design a control law for the rigid body system that ensures the exponential convergence of the attitude tracking error and the angular velocity tracking error in the presence of unknown external disturbances. Furthermore, by tuning some design parameters, the exponential convergence rate can be made arbitrarily fast. The effectiveness of our approach is validated by a numerical example.
In‐Vitro Evaluation of Folic Acid Capped Gold Nanoformulations for Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer
Authors: Selvarathinam Thambiraj , Dhesingh Ravi Shankaran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopment of effective nanoformulations is one of the captivated attentions in the area of healthcare applications. Drug encapsulated metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) is an impressive nanoformulations, which reduces the side effects, enrich the pharmacokinetic and enables the targeted drug delivery. Gold nanoformulations (FA‐AuNFs) receiving much consideration in biomedical research, owing to their unique physical and chemical properties with beneficial features including ease of synthesize, relatively low‐toxicity, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we aimed to establish a simple, one‐step synthesis of gold nanoformulations by chemical reduction method using folic acid (FA) as a capping and stabilizing agent. Further, folic acid capped AuNPs were encapsulated with the docetaxel (Dtx) (an anticancer drug). The surface structural formation, chemical bonding with chemical constituents and surface morphology of the FA‐AuNFs were extensively demonstrated by various analytical techniques. Raman and FT‐IR spectra reveal that the formation of folic acid and Dtx on the surface of synthesized FA‐AuNFs. FE‐SEM and HR‐TEM results suggest that the particles are spherical in shape with an average dimension of 3 nm and nanoformulations at 6 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of Dtx encapsulated FA‐AuNFs was achieved 96 % evident from the elemental mapping, XRD and SAED pattern analysis. The drug release profile exhibited prolonged drug release kinetics at 72 h. The apoptotic quantification and binding affinity (IC50) of the FA capped FA‐AuNFs (FA‐AuNPs‐Dtx) were evaluated for the in‐vitro cytotoxicity and fluorescent staining analysis against prostate cancer cell line (PC3). The synthesized multifunctional nanoformulations could be comprehensively used for simultaneous imaging and therapeutic applications.
Gas‐Phase Alkali Metal‐Assisted MOCVD Growth of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Large‐Scale Precise Nucleation Control
Authors: Kim Tae Soo , Dhakal Krishna P. , Park Eunpyo , Noh Gichang , Chai Hyun‐Jun , Kim Youngbum , Oh Saeyoung , Kang Minsoo , Park Jeongwon , Kim Jaewoo , Kim Suhyun , Jeong Hu Young , Bang Sunghwan , Kwak Joon Young , Kim Jeongyong , Kang Kibum 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdvances in large‐area and high‐quality 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) growth are essential for semiconductor applications. Here, the gas‐phase alkali metal‐assisted metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (GAA‐MOCVD) of 2D TMDCs is reported. It is determined that sodium propionate (SP) is an ideal gas‐phase alkali‐metal additive for nucleation control in the MOCVD of 2D TMDCs. The grain size of MoS2in the GAA‐MOCVD process is larger than that in the conventional MOCVD process. This method can be applied to the growth of various TMDCs (MoS2, MoSe2, WSe2, and WSe2) and the generation of large‐scale continuous films. Furthermore, the growth behaviors of MoS2under different SP and oxygen injection time conditions are systematically investigated to determine the effects of SP and oxygen on nucleation control in the GAA‐MOCVD process. It is found that the combination of SP and oxygen increases the grain size and nucleation suppression of MoS2. Thus, the GAA‐MOCVD with a precise and controllable supply of a gas‐phase alkali metal and oxygen allows achievement of optimum growth conditions that maximizes the grain size of MoS2. It is expected that GAA‐MOCVD can provide a way for batch fabrication of large‐scale atomically thin electronic devices based on 2D semiconductors.
Doing no harm: One practitioner's journey towards trauma‐informed practice
Authors: Mundell Chris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article I highlight the complexities of trying to “do no harm” in student affairs practice. Drawing on my experiences as a student affairs professional who spent many years in roles responding to crises and working directly with students who had experienced trauma, I offer some lessons learned in my evolving understanding of a trauma‐informed student affairs practice.
Keeping the score: Reflections on the (un)intended consequences of studying Latino male success in higher education
Authors: Pérez David , Vicente Bulmaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConducting research with undergraduate men of color can expose participants and researchers to trauma, which presents both challenges and opportunities. Using data from The National Study on Latino Male Achievement (TNSLMA), this article offers insights about how top‐down and bottom‐up processes can facilitate healing as scholars process traumatic experiences with research participants. Implications center on using trauma‐informed practices to enhance scholars’ praxes and to minimize deleterious effects of revisiting traumatic memories.
Re‐envisioning student development theory through a trauma lens
Authors: Shalka Tricia R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMuch of the student development theory we draw on in student affairs practice is presented from a trauma‐neutral perspective. In this article, I bring a trauma‐informed and power‐conscious lens to student development theory and encourage us to think about the possibilities and complexities that arise through this framing. I offer some big questions to think with as well as some tangible suggestions for practice.
Measuring the effectiveness of using rangers to deliver a behavior change campaign on sustainable palm oil in a UK zoo
Authors: Major Katie , Smith Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA fundamental objective of modern zoos is promoting pro‐environmental behaviors. This study experimentally assessed the contribution of zoo rangers (staff employed to engage visitors) in delivering a behavior change campaign promoting sustainable palm oil use. The campaign was delivered in a dedicated area in a walk‐through animal exhibit, with rangers either “present” or “absent” in the campaign space. Questionnaires assessing awareness, knowledge, and purchasing intentions were completed by 1032 visitors. Two analyses were conducted: (1) comparing the impact of ranger presence versus absence (to assess the overall impact of having rangers present regardless of whether they talked to visitors) and (2) comparing the impact of talking to a ranger against demographically matched individuals visiting when rangers were absent (to assess the specific impact of talking to a ranger). Visitors who talked to rangers were more aware of palm oil, had more knowledge, and greater intentions of purchasing sustainable palm oil. However, as only one‐quarter of visitors talked to a ranger, fewer differences were found comparing ranger presence versus absence. These findings suggest that rangers can be instrumental in communicating complex conservation issues and delivering zoo‐based behavior change campaigns, but their impact is limited by low engagement rates.
Genomic Prediction: Progress and Perspectives for Rice Improvement
Authors: Bartholomé Jérôme , Prakash Parthiban Thathapalli , Cobb Joshua N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenomic prediction can be a powerful tool to achieve greater rates of genetic gain for quantitative traits if thoroughly integrated into a breeding strategy. In rice as in other crops, the interest in genomic prediction is very strong with a number of studies addressing multiple aspects of its use, ranging from the more conceptual to the more practical. In this chapter, we review the literature on rice (Oryza sativa) and summarize important considerations for the integration of genomic prediction in breeding programs. The irrigated breeding program at the International Rice Research Institute is used as a concrete example on which we provide data and R scripts to reproduce the analysis but also to highlight practical challenges regarding the use of predictions. The adage “To someone with a hammer, everything looks like a nail” describes a common psychological pitfall that sometimes plagues the integration and application of new technologies to a discipline. We have designed this chapter to help rice breeders avoid that pitfall and appreciate the benefits and limitations of applying genomic prediction, as it is not always the best approach nor the first step to increasing the rate of genetic gain in every context.
Genome and Environment Based Prediction Models and Methods of Complex Traits Incorporating Genotype × Environment Interaction
Authors: Crossa José , Montesinos-López Osval Antonio , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Costa-Neto Germano , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Ortiz Rodomiro , Martini Johannes W. R. , Lillemo Morten , Montesinos-López Abelardo , Jarquin Diego , Breseghello Flavio , Cuevas Jaime , Rincent Renaud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenomic-enabled prediction models are of paramount importance for the successful implementation of genomic selection (GS) based on breeding values. As opposed to animal breeding, plant breeding includes extensive multienvironment and multiyear field trial data. Hence, genomic-enabled prediction models should include genotype × environment (G × E) interaction, which most of the time increases the prediction performance when the response of lines are different from environment to environment. In this chapter, we describe a historical timeline since 2012 related to advances of the GS models that take into account G × E interaction. We describe theoretical and practical aspects of those GS models, including the gains in prediction performance when including G × E structures for both complex continuous and categorical scale traits. Then, we detailed and explained the main G × E genomic prediction models for complex traits measured in continuous and noncontinuous (categorical) scale. Related to G × E interaction models this review also examine the analyses of the information generated with high-throughput phenotype data (phenomic) and the joint analyses of multitrait and multienvironment field trial data that is also employed in the general assessment of multitrait G × E interaction. The inclusion of nongenomic data in increasing the accuracy and biological reliability of the G × E approach is also outlined. We show the recent advances in large-scale envirotyping (enviromics), and how the use of mechanistic computational modeling can derive the crop growth and development aspects useful for predicting phenotypes and explaining G × E.
3Dvar and SC-4DVar for the Lorenz 63 Model
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we study the workings of 3DVar and SC-4DVar on the same chaotic Lorenz 1963 system as used with ensemble methods in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_15. We will apply both 3DVar and SC-4DVar sequentially over multiple data-assimilation windows, and we will demonstrate the difference between the filter solution obtained by 3DVar and the recursive SC-4DVar smoother solution. We will also dive deeper into the behavior of the SC-4DVar with highly nonlinear- and chaotic dynamics and try to understand more of the method’s properties and possible limitations in these cases. After studying the 3DVar and 4DVar methods, we compare them with the ensemble methods used in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3_15.
Exceptional scalar theories in de Sitter space
Authors: Bonifacio James , Hinterbichler Kurt , Joyce Austin , Roest Diederik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The special galileon and Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) theories are effective field theories of a single scalar field that have many interesting properties in flat space. These theories can be extended to all maximally symmetric spaces, where their algebras of shift symmetries are simple. We study aspects of the curved space versions of these theories: for the special galileon, we find a new compact expression for its Lagrangian in de Sitter space and a field redefinition that relates it to the previous, more complicated formulation. This field redefinition reduces to the well-studied galileon duality redefinition in the flat space limit. For the DBI theory in de Sitter space, we discuss the brane and dilaton formulations of the theory and present strong evidence that these are related by a field redefinition. We also give an interpretation of the symmetries of these theories in terms of broken diffeomorphisms of de Sitter space.