bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediterranean diet is linked to less objective disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Katz Sand Ilana , Levy Sarah , Fitzgerald Kathryn , Sorets Tali , Sumowski James F 
Published: October 2022

Background: The multiple sclerosis (MS) community is highly interested in diet as a potential protective factor against disability, but empirical evidence remains limited. Objective: Evaluate associations between patient-reported Mediterranean diet alignment and objective disability in a real-world MS cohort. Methods: Data were analyzed from persons with MS, aged 18–65, who completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), MS Functional Composite (MSFC; primary disability metric), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs; disability, gait disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, and depression) as part of our Comprehensive Annual Assessment Program. Multiple regression predicted MSFC (and PROs) with MEDAS after adjusting for demographic (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and health-related (body mass index (BMI), exercise, sleep disturbance, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking) covariates. Results: Higher MEDAS independently predicted better outcomes across MSFC ( z-score, B = 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 0.13), β = 0.18, p < 0.001), MSFC components, and PROs in 563 consecutive patients. Each MEDAS point was associated with 15.0% lower risk for MSFC impairment (⩽ 5th percentile on ⩾ 2 tasks; odds ratio (OR) = 0.850; 95% CI: 0.779, 0.928). Higher MEDAS attenuated effects of progressive disease and longer disease duration on disability. Conclusion: With robust control for potential confounds, higher Mediterranean diet alignment predicted lower objective and patient-reported disability. Findings lay the necessary groundwork for longitudinal and interventional studies to guide clinical recommendations in MS.
The natural language processing of radiology requests and reports of chest imaging: Comparing five transformer models’ multilabel classification and a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Olthof Allard W , van Ooijen Peter MA , Cornelissen Ludo J 
Published: October 2022

Background Radiology requests and reports contain valuable information about diagnostic findings and indications, and transformer-based language models are promising for more accurate text classification. Methods In a retrospective study, 2256 radiologist-annotated radiology requests (8 classes) and reports (10 classes) were divided into training and testing datasets (90% and 10%, respectively) and used to train 32 models. Performance metrics were compared by model type (LSTM, Bertje, RobBERT, BERT-clinical, BERT-multilingual, BERT-base), text length, data prevalence, and training strategy. The best models were used to predict the remaining 40,873 cases’ categories of the datasets of requests and reports. Results The RobBERT model performed the best after 4000 training iterations, resulting in AUC values ranging from 0.808 [95% CI (0.757–0.859)] to 0.976 [95% CI (0.956–0.996)] for the requests and 0.746 [95% CI (0.689–0.802)] to 1.0 [95% CI (1.0–1.0)] for the reports. The AUC for the classification of normal reports was 0.95 [95% CI (0.922–0.979)]. The predicted data demonstrated variability of both diagnostic yield for various request classes and request patterns related to COVID-19 hospital admission data. Conclusion Transformer-based natural language processing is feasible for the multilabel classification of chest imaging request and report items. Diagnostic yield varies with the information in the requests.
The Effect of α-lipoic Acid on C-Reactive Protein Level: A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Studies
Authors: Đukić Ljiljana , Trajković Lazar , Knežević Tamara , Dimitrijević Jelena , Krstić Danijela , Stojanović Marko 
Published: October 2022

The C-reactive protein is generally considered a marker of inflammation, and it is widely used in clinical practice as a minimally invasive index of any ongoing inflammatory response. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation can be beneficial for human health, especially in the sense of its anti-inflammatory action. The aim of this meta-analysis was to, based on the currently available highest level of evidence (prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled data), investigate the effect of ALA supplementation on CRP levels. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trials were extracted after a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Scopus databases. A random effect model was used in this meta-analysis to investigate the influence of ALA on the blood CRP level. The subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to identify the source of heterogeneity. This meta-analysis provided evidence of the positive effect of ALA on the reduction of the blood CRP level. The subgroup analysis and meta-regression results indicated that ALA can reduce the CRP level when administrated at a 600 mg dose, and not in higher or lower doses. Also, a shorter duration of study positively correlates with the reduction of CRP after ALA supplementation.
Trypsin Inhibitor Isolated From Glycine max (Soya Bean) Extraction, Purification, and Characterization
Authors: Khan Sabir , Arshad Shafia , Arif Amina , Tanveer Rida , Amin Zeemal Seemab , Abbas Saba , Maqsood Amna , Raza Muhammad , Munir Arooj , Latif Amara , Habiba Maryam , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

The current study aims to isolate, purify, and characterize the trypsin inhibitor protein from seeds of soya beans, scientifically known as Glycine max. Its seeds were ground, and the powder was soaked several times using n-hexane. It was added to phosphate buffer saline (PBS) followed by filtration and centrifugation of the PBS dissolved extract. The supernatant was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation and about six fractions, 30% to 80% were prepared. The centrifuged pellets obtained from each fraction were dialyzed and run on SDS-PAGE. The trypsin inhibitor protein was precipitated and characterized in 30% pellet and molecular weight was 21.5 kDa compared to protein ladder (ThermoFisher 10-170 kDa). GC-MS analysis revealed the steroid derivatives such as stigmasterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, and gamma-tocopherol. Glycine max trypsin inhibitor could be used as a plant-derived drug to overcome the over-activation of trypsin without its real substrate (proteins) becoming activated and start auto digestion leading to pancreatitis.
Sophocarpine attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury through pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis
Authors: Niu Rui-Bin , Hu Guo-Xia , Gao Hao , Ye Feng , Zhu Ming-sheng , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2022

Objectives Sepsis, pneumonia, or trauma caused by acute lung injury (ALI) remains a high incidence and mortality worldwide.The critical ALI pathogenesis includes inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammation, oxidative stress injury, and damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier due to inflammatory apoptosis injury. Sophocarpine is reported protective against inflammatory diseases, while little is known about its effects on acute lung injury. Investigating therapeutic molecules that relieve the pathological processes might be a possible option for ALI management. Methods In the present study, we adopted the LPS-induced ALI model in mice to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of oral sophocarpine administration and analyze possible effects against inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Results The results showed sophocarpine decreased pathological injury score of lung tissues, inflammatory cytokine level and oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, NO, and O.-2), and elevated antioxidant molecules (SOD, GSH, and CAT). Besides, sophocarpine suppressed Nrf2/Syk, NF-kB, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Sophocarpine showed beneficial effects against inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in LPS-induced ALI. Conclusions Our finding suggested that sophocarpine might be applied in treating septic or endotoxemia-related ALI.
Scenario-based dialogue system based on pause detection toward daily health monitoring
Authors: Kumagai Kazumi , Tokunaga Seiki , Miyake Norihisa P , Tamura Kazuhiro , Mizuuchi Ikuo , Otake-Matsuura Mihoko 
Published: October 2022

Introduction We have conducted research on building a robot dialogue system to support the independent living of older adults. In order to provide appropriate support for them, it is necessary to obtain as much information, particularly related to their health condition, as possible. As the first step, we have examined a method to allow dialogue to continue for longer periods. Methods A scenario-based dialogue system utilizing pause detection for turn-taking was built. The practicality of adjusting the system based on the dialogue rhythm of each individual was studied. The system was evaluated through user studies with a total of 20 users, 10 of whom were older adults. Results The system detected pauses in the user’s speech using the sound level of their voice, and predicted the duration and number of pauses based on past dialogue data. Thus, the system initiated the robot’s voice-call after the user’s predicted speech. Conclusions Multiple turns of dialogue between robot and older adults are found possible under the system, despite several overlaps of robot’s and users’ speech observed. The users responded to the robot, including the questions related to health conditions. The feasibility of a scenario-based dialogue system was suggested; however, improvements are required.
Use of a Smartphone Medication Reminder Application to Support Emerging Adult Adherence to Non-Antibiotic Treatment for Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Brinker David L. , Foley Kasey A. , Zhou Yanmengqian , Acevedo-Callejas Michelle , Li Yuwei , Farrell Erina L. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: This research study is a test of the efficacy of a smartphone-installed medication reminder application to support provider-recommended treatment plans for young adult patients who were seen for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and were not prescribed an antibiotic. Methods: Two hundred seventy-five patients seen at a university student health center for URTI symptoms were randomly assigned to the medication reminder app intervention or a control group and then surveyed both 1 and 14 days after their medical visits with questions about the treatment plan, their satisfaction with medical care, and the electronic support tools. Results: Compared to the control condition, patients using the reminder app reported more adherence to provider-recommended treatment plans. Patients with lower social support availability benefited more from being provided with these tools. Conclusion: These findings suggest that medication reminder apps have utility for increasing patient adherence to non-antibiotic URTI treatment plans, particularly among patients who lack high-quality informational and tangible social support. Innovation: This study demonstrates innovation in use of the medication reminder app to promote antibiotic stewardship with young adult patients in primary care.
Frequency, associated variables, and outcomes of acute myocardial injury according to the fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Stengl Helena , Ganeshan Ramanan , Hellwig Simon , Klammer Markus G , von Rennenberg Regina , Böhme Sophie , Audebert Heinrich J , Nolte Christian H , Endres Matthias , Scheitz Jan F 
Published: October 2022

Background: Myocardial injury as indicated by elevation of cardiac troponin levels is common after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and linked to poor outcomes. Previous studies rarely reported on serial hs-cTn measurements to distinguish whether myocardial injury is acute or chronic. Thus, little is known about frequency, associated variables, and outcome of acute myocardial injury in AIS. Methods and patients: In this single-centered observational cohort study, from 01/2019 to 12/2020, consecutive patients with neuroimaging-confirmed AIS <48 h after symptom onset, and serial troponin measurements within the first 2 days after admission (Roche Elecsys®, hs-cardiac troponin T) were prospectively registered. Acute myocardial injury was defined according to the fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (troponin above the upper reference limit and rise/fall>20%). Outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality and unfavorable functional status at discharge (modified Rankin Scale >1). Results: Out of 1067 analyzed patients, 25.3% had acute myocardial injury, 40.4% had chronic myocardial injury and 34.3% had no myocardial injury. Older age, higher stroke severity, thrombolytic treatment, and impaired kidney function were independently associated with acute myocardial injury. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with acute myocardial injury than in those without (13% vs 3%, adjusted OR, 2.9% [95% CI, 1.6–5.5]). Compared with no myocardial injury, both acute and chronic myocardial injury were associated with unfavorable functional status at discharge (adjusted OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.5] and OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.2–2.4], respectively). Conclusions: A quarter of patients with AIS have evidence of acute myocardial injury according to the fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. The strong association with in-hospital mortality highlights the need for clinical awareness and future studies on underlying mechanisms.
A molecular dynamics study of the mechanical properties of kaolinite under uniaxial and isothermal compression at various temperatures
Authors: Cui Y. , Wang H. Y. , Zhao H. Y. , Yang H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUniaxial and isothermal compression tests of kaolinite were carried out using molecular dynamics simulations. Five different temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 K) and pressures ranging from 0.0001 to 50 GPa were selected to study the temperature and pressure effects on the mechanical properties of kaolinite. As kaolinite may undergo a phase transition at ~1572 K, a highest temperature of 700 K was chosen to avoid such structural change. The Young's modulus, strength and elastic constants of kaolinite under various temperatures were calculated, and the relative change of the elastic constant C33 with temperature was found to be almost 12 times greater than the relative change of the interlayer constant C11. The microstructures under various compressive strains were tracked and they exhibited various failure modes in three directions. The temperature and pressure effects on the mechanical properties of three crystal directions were analysed. The results showed that the Young's modulus of the z-direction is the most affected by temperature; however, the influence of temperature on the strengths of the three crystal directions was the same. In addition, the structure of the z-direction was the most sensitive to temperature under the same hydrostatic pressure due to the weak interactions between layers.
Gut microbiota-derived succinate aggravates acute lung injury after intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion in mice
Authors: Wang Yi-Heng , Yan Zheng-Zheng , Luo Si-Dan , Hu Jing-Juan , Wu Mei , Zhao Jin , Liu Wei-Feng , Li Cai , Liu Ke-Xuan 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAcute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). The gut microbiota and its metabolic byproducts act as important modulators of the gut–lung axis. This study aimed to define the role of succinate, a key microbiota metabolite, in intestinal I/R-induced ALI progression.MethodsGut and lung microbiota of mice subjected to intestinal I/R were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Succinate level alterations were measured in germ-free mice or conventional mice treated with antibiotics. Succinate-induced alveolar macrophage polarisation and its effects on alveolar epithelial apoptosis were evaluated in succinate receptor 1 (Sucnr1)-deficient mice and in murine alveolar macrophages transfected withSucnr1-short interfering RNA. Succinate levels were measured in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, including intestinal I/R.ResultsSuccinate accumulated in lungs after intestinal I/R, and this was associated with an imbalance of succinate-producing and succinate-consuming bacteria in the gut, but not the lungs. Succinate accumulation was absent in germ-free mice and was reversed by gut microbiota depletion with antibiotics, indicating that the gut microbiota is a source of lung succinate. Moreover, succinate promoted alveolar macrophage polarisation, alveolar epithelial apoptosis and lung injury during intestinal I/R. Conversely, knockdown ofSucnr1or blockage of SUCNR1in vitroandin vivoreversed the effects of succinate by modulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway. Plasma succinate levels significantly correlated with intestinal I/R-related lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.ConclusionGut microbiota-derived succinate exacerbates intestinal I/R-induced ALI through SUCNR1-dependent alveolar macrophage polarisation, identifying succinate as a novel target for gut-derived ALI in critically ill patients.
Developing a self-management package for pulmonary fibrosis: an international Delphi study
Authors: Lee Joanna Y.T. , Tikellis Gabriella , Khor Yet H. , Holland Anne E. 
Published: October 2022

RationaleSelf-management is considered as an important part of disease management for people with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but there is a lack of consensus regarding what components should be included. This study aimed to attain consensus from experts in PF and people living with the disease on the essential components and format of a PF self-management package.MethodsA two-round Delphi process was conducted. In each round, a panel of experts completed an online survey to rate a range of components, formats and delivery methods, followed by an online patient focus group to integrate patient perspectives. Consensus was defineda priori.Results45 experts participated in Round 1 and 51 in Round 2. Both focus groups included six people with PF. 12 components were considered essential for self-management in PF: 1) understanding treatment options; 2) understanding and accessing clinical trials; 3) managing medications; 4) role of oxygen therapy; 5) role and importance of pulmonary rehabilitation and regular physical activity; 6) managing shortness of breath; 7) managing fatigue; 8) managing mood; 9) managing comorbidities; 10) smoking cessation advice and support; 11) accessing community support; and 12) how to communicate with others when living with PF. Both groups agreed that self-management in PF required individualisation, goal setting and feedback.ConclusionThis study identified 12 essential components and highlighted individualisation, goal setting and feedback in self-management of PF. The findings provide a basis for the development of PF self-management interventions.
Role of microglia in blood pressure and respiratory responses to acute hypoxic exposure in rats
Authors: Yoshizawa Masashi , Fukushi Isato , Takeda Kotaro , Kono Yosuke , Hasebe Yohei , Koizumi Keiichi , Ikeda Keiko , Pokorski Mieczyslaw , Toda Takako , Okada Yasumasa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicroglia modulate cardiorespiratory activities during chronic hypoxia. It has not been clarified whether microglia are involved in the cardiorespiratory responses to acute hypoxia. Here we investigated this issue by comparing cardiorespiratory responses to two levels of acute hypoxia (13% O2 for 4 min and 7% O2 for 5 min) in conscious unrestrained rats before and after systemic injection of minocycline (MINO), an inhibitor of microglia activation. MINO increased blood pressure but not lung ventilation in the control normoxic condition. Acute hypoxia stimulated cardiorespiratory responses in MINO-untreated rats. MINO failed to significantly affect the magnitude of hypoxia-induced blood pressure elevation. In contrast, MINO tended to suppress the ventilatory responses to hypoxia. We conclude that microglia differentially affect cardiorespiratory regulation depending on the level of blood oxygenation. Microglia suppressively contribute to blood pressure regulation in normoxia but help maintain ventilatory augmentation in hypoxia, which underscores the dichotomy of central regulatory pathways for both systems.
A joint use of pooling and imputation for genotyping SNPs
Authors: Clouard Camille , Ausmees Kristiina , Nettelblad Carl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite continuing technological advances, the cost for large-scale genotyping of a high number of samples can be prohibitive. The purpose of this study is to design a cost-saving strategy for SNP genotyping. We suggest making use of pooling, a group testing technique, to drop the amount of SNP arrays needed. We believe that this will be of the greatest importance for non-model organisms with more limited resources in terms of cost-efficient large-scale chips and high-quality reference genomes, such as application in wildlife monitoring, plant and animal breeding, but it is in essence species-agnostic. The proposed approach consists in grouping and mixing individual DNA samples into pools before testing these pools on bead-chips, such that the number of pools is less than the number of individual samples. We present a statistical estimation algorithm, based on the pooling outcomes, for inferring marker-wise the most likely genotype of every sample in each pool. Finally, we input these estimated genotypes into existing imputation algorithms. We compare the imputation performance from pooled data with the Beagle algorithm, and a local likelihood-aware phasing algorithm closely modeled on MaCH that we implemented.ResultsWe conduct simulations based on human data from the1000 Genomes Project, to aid comparison with other imputation studies. Based on the simulated data, we find that pooling impacts the genotype frequencies of the directly identifiable markers, without imputation. We also demonstrate how a combinatorial estimation of the genotype probabilities from the pooling design can improve the prediction performance of imputation models. Our algorithm achieves 93% concordance in predicting unassayed markers from pooled data, thus it outperforms the Beagle imputation model which reaches 80% concordance. We observe that the pooling design gives higher concordance for the rare variants than traditional low-density to high-density imputation commonly used for cost-effective genotyping of large cohorts.ConclusionsWe present promising results for combining a pooling scheme for SNP genotyping with computational genotype imputation on human data. These results could find potential applications in any context where the genotyping costs form a limiting factor on the study size, such as in marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.