bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-terminal germanium-on-silicon avalanche photodiode with extended p-charge layer for dark current reduction
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Li Xuetong , Li Yuxuan , Li Yingzhi , Zhi Zihao , Tao Min , Chen Baisong , Zhang Lanxuan , Guo Pengfei , Lo Guoqiang , Li Xueyan , Gao Fengli , Kang Bonan , Song Junfeng 
Published: June 2022

Germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are widely used in near-infrared detection, laser ranging, free space communication, quantum communication, and other fields. However, the existence of lattice defects at the Ge/Si interface causes a high dark current in the Ge-on-Si APD, degrading the device sensitivity and also increasing energy consumption in integrated circuits. In this work, we propose a novel surface illuminated Ge-on-Si APD architecture with three terminals. Besides two electrodes on Si substrates, a third electrode is designed for Ge to regulate the control current and bandwidth, achieving multiple outputs of a single device and reducing the dark current of the device. When the voltage on Ge is

−
27.5

V

, the proposed device achieves a dark current of 100 nA, responsivity of 9.97 A/W at

−
40

dBm

input laser power at 1550 nm, and optimal bandwidth of 142 MHz. The low dark current and improved responsivity can meet the requirements of autonomous driving and other applications demanding weak light detection.
Optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing communication via inversely-designed multiphase plane light conversion
Authors: Fang Juncheng , Li Jinpei , Kong Aru , Xie Youpeng , Lin Chuxuan , Xie Zhenwei , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: June 2022

Multiplexing and demultiplexing of optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) are critical operations in mode-division multiplexing communications. Traditional Dammann gratings, spiral phase planes, and optical geometric transformations are regarded as convenient methods for OAM mode (de)multiplexing. However, crosstalk between the different modes and the difficulty of mode multiplexing greatly limit their application to mode-division multiplexing communications. Here, using a set of inversely-designed phase planes, we demonstrate an OAM (de)multiplexer based on multiphase plane light conversion that can enable perfect OAM multiplexing communication. The sorted patterns are Gaussian-like and can be coupled easily into single-mode fiber arrays. Inputs from the fiber array are turned into coaxial OAM modes after the phase planes. OAM mode crosstalk generated by the multiplexer is less than

−
20

dB

, with insertion loss of less than 2.6 dB. OAM modes are sorted by the demultiplexer with mode crosstalk below

−
10

dB

, and the sorting results are coupled to the fiber array. OAM modes carrying 10 Gbit/s on–off keying signals were transmitted in a 5 km few-mode fiber. The measured bit-error-rate curves have power penalties of less than 10 dB. The proposed configuration is highly efficient and convenient and will be beneficial for potential applications in quantum information, information processing, and optical communications.
Estimating the duration of antibody positivity and likely time of Leptospira infection using data from a cross-sectional serological study in Fiji
Authors: Rees Eleanor M. , Lau Colleen L. , Kama Mike , Reid Simon , Lowe Rachel , Kucharski Adam J. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease prevalent throughout the world, but with particularly high burden in Oceania (including the Pacific Island Countries and Territories). Leptospirosis is endemic in Fiji, with outbreaks often occurring following heavy rainfall and flooding. As a result of non-specific clinical manifestation and diagnostic challenges, cases are often misdiagnosed or under-ascertained. Furthermore, little is known about the duration of persistence of antibodies to leptospirosis, which has important clinical and epidemiological implications.Methodology and principal findingsUsing the results from a serosurvey conducted in Fiji in 2013, we fitted serocatalytic models to estimate the duration of antibody positivity and the force of infection (FOI, the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire infection or seroconversion), whilst accounting for seroreversion. Additionally, we estimated the most likely timing of infection.Using the reverse catalytic model, we estimated the duration of antibody persistence to be 8.33 years (4.76–12.50; assuming constant FOI) and 7.25 years (3.36–11.36; assuming time-varying FOI), which is longer than previous estimates. Using population age-structured seroprevalence data alone, we were not able to distinguish between these two models. However, by bringing in additional longitudinal data on antibody kinetics we were able to estimate the most likely time of infection, lending support to the time-varying FOI model. We found that most individuals who were antibody-positive in the 2013 serosurvey were likely to have been infected within the previous two years, and this finding is consistent with surveillance data showing high numbers of cases reported in 2012 and 2013.ConclusionsThis is the first study to use serocatalytic models to estimate the FOI and seroreversion rate forLeptospirainfection. As well as providing an estimate for the duration of antibody positivity, we also present a novel method to estimate the most likely time of infection from seroprevalence data. These approaches can allow for richer, longitudinal information to be inferred from cross-sectional studies, and could be applied to other endemic diseases where antibody waning occurs.
People with intellectual and sensory disabilities can independently start and perform functional daily activities with the support of simple technology
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Singh Nirbhay N. , O’Reilly Mark F. , Sigafoos Jeff , Alberti Gloria , Del Gaudio Valentina , Abbatantuono Chiara , Taurisano Paolo , Desideri Lorenzo 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The study assessed a smartphone-based technology system, which was designed to enable six participants with intellectual disability and sensory impairment to start and carry out functional activities through the use of reminders and verbal or pictorial instructions.

Methods
The technology system involved a Samsung Galaxy A22 with Android 11 operating system and four Philips Hue indoor motion sensors. Three to five activities were scheduled per day. At the time at which an activity was due, the system provided the participant with a reminder followed by the verbal or pictorial instruction for the initial part of the first response (e.g., “Go to the bathroom and take the dirty towels”). The instruction would be available (repeated) until the participant responded to it and, in so doing, activated a sensor. Sensor activation caused the presentation of the instruction for the second part of the same (first) response (e.g., “Put the towels in the laundry machine”). The same process occurred for each of the responses involved in the activity. The system was introduced according to nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs across participants.

Results
During baseline, the mean percentage of activities the participants started independently was below 7; the mean frequency of correct responses per activity was below 0.5 (out of a maximum possible of 8). During the intervention (i.e., with the support of the technology system), the mean percentage and mean frequency values increased to nearly 100 and 8, respectively.

Conclusions
The data suggest that the aforementioned technology system may enable people with intellectual disability and sensory impairment to start and carry out functional activities independent of staff.
Media Unmade: Australian Media’s Most Disruptive Decade, Tim Burrowes (2021)
Authors: Snowden Collette 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Media Unmade: Australian Media’s Most Disruptive Decade, Tim Burrowes (2021)
Melbourne: Hardie Grant Books, 423 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-74379-730-3, p/bk, $34.99
Communicating COVID-19: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Monique Lewis, Eliza Govender and Kate Holland (Eds) (2021)
Authors: Josephi Beate 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Communicating COVID-19: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Monique Lewis, Eliza Govender and Kate Holland (Eds) (2021)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 395 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03079-734-8, h/bk, €129.99
ISBN 978-3-03079-735-5, e-book, €106.99
The Power of Podcasting: Telling Stories through Sound, Siobhán McHugh (2022)
Authors: Cassidy Margaret 
Published: June 2022

Review of: The Power of Podcasting: Telling Stories through Sound, Siobhán McHugh (2022)
Sydney: UNSW Press, 320 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-74223-702-2, p/bk, $34.99
ISBN 978-1-74223-831-9, e/bk, $19.99
Media Capture: How Money, Digital Platforms, and Governments Control the News, Anya Schiffrin (ed.) (2021)
Authors: Tiffen Rodney 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Media Capture: How Money, Digital Platforms, and Governments Control the News, Anya Schiffrin (ed.) (2021)
New York: Columbia University Press, 328 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-23118-882-1, h/bk, USD 120.00
ISBN 978-0-23118-883-8, p/bk, USD 30.00
ISBN 978-0-23154-802-1, e-book, USD 29.99
Mucosal overexpression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis
Authors: Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Facciotti Federica , Miceli Emanuela , Vanoli Alessandro , Fornasa Giulia , Lahner Edith , Spadoni Ilaria , Giuffrida Paolo , Arpa Giovanni , Pasini Alessandra , Rovedatti Laura , Caprioli Flavio , Travelli Cristina , Lattanzi Georgia , Conti Laura , Klersy Catherine , Vecchi Maurizio , Paulli Marco , Annibale Bruno , Corazza Gino Roberto , Rescigno Maria , Di Sabatino Antonio 
Published: June 2022

The immune mechanisms underlying human autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) are poorly understood. We sought to assess immune mucosal alterations in AAG patients.

METHODS:
In 2017-2021, we collected gastric corpus biopsies from 24 AAG patients (median age 62 years, IQR 56-67, 14 females), 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC), and 14 patients with H. pylori infection (HP). We investigated the lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) populations and the mucosal expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Ex vivo cytokine production by organ culture biopsies, under different stimuli (short TSLP and zinc-l-carnosine), and the gastric vascular barrier through plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV1) were also assessed.

RESULTS:
In the subset of CD19+ LPMC, CD38+ cells (plasma cells) were significantly higher in AAG compared to HC. Ex vivo production of TNF-α, IL-15, and TGF-β1 was significantly higher in AAG compared to HC. At immunofluorescence, both IL-7R and TSLP were more expressed in AAG compared to HC and HP, and short TSLP transcripts were significantly increased in AAG compared to HC. In the supernatants of AAG corpus mucosa, short TSLP significantly reduced TNF-α, while zinc-l-carnosine significantly reduced IFN-ɣ, TNF-α, IL-21, IL-6, and IL-15. NAMPT transcripts were significantly increased in AAG compared to HC. PV1 was almost absent in AAG, mildly expressed in HC, and over-expressed in HP.
Plasma cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and altered gastric vascular barrier may play a major role in AAG. TSLP and NAMPT may represent potential therapeutic targets, while zinc-l-carnosine may dampen mucosal inflammation.
Constrained Persuasion with Private Information
Authors: Kosenko Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractI study a model of strategic communication between a privately informed sender who can persuade a receiver using Blackwell experiments. Hedlund (2017). “Bayesian Persuasion by a Privately Informed Sender.” Journal of Economic Theory 167 (January): 229–68, shows that private information in such a setting results in extremely informative equilibria. I make three points: first, the informativeness of equilibria relies crucially on two features – the mere availability of a fully revealing experiment, and a compact action space for the receiver. I show by examples that absent these features, equilibria may be uninformative. Secondly, I characterize equilibria in a simple model with constraints for the sender (only two experiments available, none are fully revealing) and the receiver (discrete action space). I argue that noisy experiments and discrete actions are the norm rather than the exception (and therefore, private information need not result in information revelation). Thirdly, I define a novel refinement that selects the most informative equilibria in most cases.
Redistributive Unemployment Benefit and Taxation
Authors: Esfahanian Homa , Moghaddasi Kelishomi Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper suggests a simple rule which identifies the coordination between optimal unemployment benefits paid and the tax system in the case of risk neutral workers but with moral hazard and hidden information on the worker’s type. Our model posits that, given a universal, linear income tax scheme, the optimal unemployment benefits paid does not depend on workers’ types. Standard government policy pays a positive replacement rate to unemployed workers. Optimal redistribution, taking moral hazard and adverse selection into account, instead suggests that the benefit paid should be the same for all and only depends on the underlying tax structure.
Intimate Contracts and Choice Theory
Authors: Dagan Hanoch 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Contract is one of the key tools liberal law employs in the service of its core mission of enhancing people’s autonomy, and choice theory conceptualizes this task as contract’s telos. It thus prescribes three principles – proactive facilitation, regard for the future self, and relational justice – for guiding the legal constitution of contract law in all spheres of human interaction. Spousal contracts are no exception. Thus, the law governing intimate agreements both allows people to adjust the default rules governing their marital estates and provides people off-the-shelf options for structuring their interpersonal interaction as spouses. In turn, the law of marital contracts ensures that free exit from marriage is, as it should be, immutable. Finally, relational justice guides, albeit still imperfectly, both law’s normative defaults for marital contracts and the rules that govern premarital, marital, and cohabitation agreements.
A study on automatic correction of English grammar errors based on deep learning
Authors: Qin Mengyang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Grammatical error correction (GEC) is an important element in language learning. In this article, based on deep learning, the application of the Transformer model in GEC was briefly introduced. Then, in order to improve the performance of the model on GEC, it was optimized by a generative adversarial network (GAN). Experiments were conducted on two data sets. It was found that the performance of the GAN-combined Transformer model was significantly improved compared to the Transformer model. The F
0.5 value of the optimized model was 53.87 on CoNIL-2014, which was 2.69 larger than the Transformer model; the generalized language evaluation understanding (GLEU) value of the optimized model was 61.77 on JFLEG, which was 8.81 larger than that of the Transformer model. The optimized model also had a favorable correction performance in an actual English essay. The experimental results verify the reliability of the GAN-combined Transformer model on automatic English GEC, suggesting that the model can be further promoted and applied in practice.
Tuning carrier density and phase transitions in oxide semiconductors using focused ion beams
Authors: Mei Hongyan , Koch Alexander , Wan Chenghao , Rensberg Jura , Zhang Zhen , Salman Jad , Hafermann Martin , Schaal Maximilian , Xiao Yuzhe , Wambold Raymond , Ramanathan Shriram , Ronning Carsten , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate spatial modification of the optical properties of thin-film metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO) and vanadium dioxide (VO2) as representatives, using a commercial focused ion beam (FIB) system. Using a Ga+ FIB and thermal annealing, we demonstrated variable doping of a wide-bandgap semiconductor, ZnO, achieving carrier concentrations from 1018 cm−3 to 1020 cm−3. Using the same FIB without subsequent thermal annealing, we defect-engineered a correlated semiconductor, VO2, locally modifying its insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) temperature by up to ∼25 °C. Such area-selective modification of metal oxides by direct writing using a FIB provides a simple, mask-less route to the fabrication of optical structures, especially when multiple or continuous levels of doping or defect density are required.
The Role of Institutional Quality in Military Spending and Unemployment Nexus in Nigeria
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Akande , Obijole Emmanuel Olubowale , Nnadozie Obianuju Ogochukwu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper adopts the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation method to investigate the moderating role of institutional quality in military spending and the unemployment rate nexus in Nigeria for the period from 1984 to 2019. It also tests the direction of causality between military spending and unemployment using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger non-causality method. The causality results show that the direction of causality depends on the measure of military spending used. The main results indicate that military spending only reduces unemployment in the short run and worsens unemployment in the long run. The results further show that institutional quality does not play any significant moderating role in the relationship between military spending and unemployment. Based on our findings, we advocate that the government should allocate its expenditure properly, especially to the most productive sectors of the economy instead of increasing military spending that has no long-run effect on unemployment. Besides, the government needs to strengthen the institutional apparatuses in the country.
The Stoic Theory of Sign and the Semantic Modulation of Models
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe theory of mental models is a current cognitive approach trying to describe the way people make inferences. According to this theory, people reason from possibilities or models linked to sentences. Sometimes, such possibilities or models are transformed by the action of a semantic modulation. The point this paper is intended to make is that Stoic logic also has the machinery to explain semantic processes such as that of modulation. This is shown by means of the criterion Chrysippus of Soli provided for conditional sentences and the theory of sign related to that criterion.
Medical students’ opinions on career planning course: evaluations of the relationship between course and faculty attributes and student characteristics
Authors: Çalışkan S. Ayhan , Durmaz Seyfi , Akçiçek Selahattin Fehmi , Batı Ayşe Hilal , Kalyoncu Ebru , Karabilgin Öztürkçü Özlem Sürel , Altun Köroğlu Özge , Onay Hüseyin , Göksel Sibel , Önen Sertöz Özen , Sertöz Rüçhan , Şahin Sevnaz , Sağın Ferhan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Human Resources Office has stated that a Career Planning Course (CPC) should be implemented in higher education curricula by 2020. An institutional CPC consisting of 10-online sessions was designed and implemented in at Ege University Faculty of Medicine (EUFM) curriculum. This study reports the design, implementation, and evaluation of this new CPC at EUFM.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used in this study. An online questionnaire (n=253) focusing mainly on Kirkpatrick-model Level 1 was administered to gather students’ feedback on CPC as well as perceptions regarding the concept of “Career Planning”. Percentage distributions were used for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation calculations were used for numerical variables. Student’s t-test was used to compare students’ characteristics with career planning and important factors, and Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate competency areas with the mean scores of important factors in career planning. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data.

Results
The perception of the term “career planning” revealed 12 themes of which “life” was the most common (140/245; 57.1%), followed by “professional life” (102/245; 41.6%). Participants’ total satisfaction rate was found 65.6% (Mean=39.36 ± 14.88) for the course. Students were most satisfied with the goals and content appropriateness (7.77 ± 3.08). The stimulating and motivating attribute of the CPC was the least satisfactory item.

Conclusions
An evaluation report, based on students’ feedback, was shared with the faculty members involved in education via an interactive web page. The survey not only benefitted course educators but also helped students to reflect on the course content. CPC can help students to address their strengths and weaknesses and hopefully to take supportive initiatives at the beginning of their career.
Electroconductive properties of carbon biocomposites formed by the deposition method
Authors: Hrubiak Andrii , Moklyak Volodymyr , Yavorsky Yurii , Onuskiv Bogdan , Chelyadyn Volodymyr , Karpets Miroslav , Moklyak Maria , Ivanichok Natalia , Ilnitsky Nazar 
Published: June 2022

The temperature-frequency dependences of the electrical conductivity for biocomposite formed systems are obtained, and the influence of the carbon temperature type on the changes of the electrically conductive systems is observed. It has been established that the electrical conductivity at a direct current of 1.2 Ohm-1 • m-1 is formed for CNT/aspartate biocomposites. Such electrical conductivity is weakly dependent on frequency. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of CNT/aspartate allowed to set the activation energy at the level of Eg=0,037 eV, which indicates the predominant role of the mechanism of translucency. For biocomposites, TEG / aspartate obtained by ultrasonic dispersion of components in an aqueous medium, the nature of the frequency dependences of the electrical conductivity reflects the combination of the inputs in the material of two component components with different types of mechanisms. Namely: electronic for the carbon temperature and semiconductor for the organic component. This type of dependence at lower temperatures is due to the desorption of water molecules from the surface, through which the charge is transferred by the migration of the proton to the hydroxyl groups. The next increase in temperature causes the activation of electrons and their contribution to the electrical conductivity of the biocomposite. For the TEG / aspartate biocomposite, the calculated value of activation energy will be 0.170 eV.