bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of congenital heart patients from paediatric to adult services in England
Authors: Espuny Pujol Ferran , Franklin Rodney C , Crowe Sonya , Brown Kate L , Swan Lorna , Pagel Christina , English Kate M 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study assessed the transfer of patients from paediatric cardiac to adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) services in England and the factors impacting on this process.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used a population-based linked data set (LAUNCHES QI data set: ‘Linking Audit and National datasets in Congenital Heart Services for Quality Improvement’) including all patients born between 1987 and 2000, recorded as having a congenital heart disease (CHD) procedure in childhood. Hospital Episode Statistics data identified transfer from paediatric to ACHD services between the ages of 16 and 22 years.ResultsOverall, 63.8% of a cohort of 10 298 patients transferred by their 22nd birthday. The estimated probability of transfer by age 22 was 96.5% (95% CI 95.3 to 97.7), 86.7% (95% CI 85.6 to 87.9) and 41.0% (95% CI 39.4 to 42.6) for severe, moderate and mild CHD, respectively. 166 patients (1.6%) died between 16 and 22 years; 42 of these (0.4%) died after age 16 but prior to transfer. Multivariable ORs in the moderate and severe CHD groups up to age 20 showed significantly lower likelihood of transfer among female patients (0.87, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97), those with missing ethnicity data (0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.52), those from deprived areas (0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98) and those with moderate (compared with severe) CHD (0.30, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.35). The odds of transfer were lower for the horizontal compared with the vertical care model (0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.72). Patients who did not transfer had a lower probability of a further National Congenital Heart Disease Audit procedure between ages 20 and 30 compared with those who did transfer: 12.3% (95% CI 5.1 to 19.6) vs 32.5% (95% CI 28.7 to 36.3).ConclusionsMajority of patients with moderate or severe CHD in England transfer to adult services. Patients who do not transfer undergo fewer elective CHD procedures over the following decade.
Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) enhances the antitumor T cell response through regulating β-catenin signaling in cancer cells and ER stress in T cells and synergizes with anti-PD-1 antibody
Authors: Katoh Yuki , Yaguchi Tomonori , Kubo Akiko , Iwata Takashi , Morii Kenji , Kato Daiki , Ohta Shigeki , Satomi Ryosuke , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Oyamada Yoshitaka , Ouchi Kota , Takahashi Shin , Ishioka Chikashi , Matoba Ryo , Suematsu Makoto , Kawakami Yutaka 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundUnderstanding the mechanisms of non-T cell inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) and their modulation are important to improve cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The involvement of various immunometabolisms has recently been indicated in the formation of immunosuppressive TME. In this study, we investigated the immunological roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which is essential for fatty acid metabolism, in the cancer immune response.MethodsWe investigated the roles of SCD1 by inhibition with the chemical inhibitor or genetic manipulation in antitumor T cell responses and the therapeutic effect of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody using various mouse tumor models, and their cellular and molecular mechanisms. The roles of SCD1 in human cancers were also investigated by gene expression analyses of colon cancer tissues and by evaluating the related free fatty acids in sera obtained from patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody.ResultsSystemic administration of a SCD1 inhibitor in mouse tumor models enhanced production of CCL4 by cancer cells through reduction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and by CD8+effector T cells through reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It in turn promoted recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) into the tumors and enhanced the subsequent induction and tumor accumulation of antitumor CD8+T cells. SCD1 inhibitor was also found to directly stimulate DCs and CD8+T cells. Administration of SCD1 inhibitor or SCD1 knockout in mice synergized with an anti-PD-1 antibody for its antitumor effects in mouse tumor models. High SCD1 expression was observed in one of the non-T cell-inflamed subtypes in human colon cancer, and serum SCD1 related fatty acids were correlated with response rates and prognosis of patients with non-small lung cancer following anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.ConclusionsSCD1 expressed in cancer cells and immune cells causes immunoresistant conditions, and its inhibition augments antitumor T cells and therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibody. Therefore, SCD1 is an attractive target for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve current cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Non-synergy of PD-1 blockade with T-cell therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Davies John S , Karimipour Farrah , Zhang Ling , Nagarsheth Nisha , Norberg Scott , Serna Carylinda , Strauss Julius , Chiou Shinheng , Gulley James L , Hinrichs Christian S 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCell therapy has shown promise in the treatment of certain solid tumors, but its efficacy may be limited by inhibition of therapeutic T cells by the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) receptor. Clinical trials are testing cell therapy in combination withPDCD1disruption or PD-1-axis blockade. However, preclinical data to support these approaches and to guide the treatment design are lacking.MethodsMechanisms of tumor regression and interaction between cell therapy and PD-1 blockade were investigated in congenic murine tumor models based on targeting established, solid tumors with T-cell receptor T cells directed against tumor-restricted, non-self antigens (ie, tumor neoantigens).ResultsIn solid tumor models of cell therapy, PD-1 blockade mediated a reproducible but non-synergistic increase in tumor regression following adoptive T-cell transfer. Tumor regression was associated with increased tumor infiltration by endogenous T cells but not by transferred T cells. The effect was independent of PD-1 receptor expression by transferred T cells and was dependent on the endogenous T-cell repertoire and on tumor antigenicity. PD-1 blockade primarily induced cell state changes in endogenous tumor-antigen-specific T cells rather than transferred T cells.ConclusionsTogether, these findings support the concept that PD-1 blockade acts primarily through endogenous rather than transferred T cells to mediate a non-synergistic antitumor effect in solid tumor cell therapy. These findings have important implications for strategies to leverage PD-1 receptor disruption or blockade to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy.
Search for invisible dark photon in $$\gamma e$$ scattering at future lepton colliders
Authors: İnan S. C. , Kisselev A. V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor the first time, the production of a massive dark photon (DP) in the $$\gamma e^-$$

γ

e
-

scattering at the future lepton colliders ILC, CLIC, and CEPC is examined. The invisible decay mode of the DP is addressed. We have studied both the unpolarized scattering and the collision of the Compton backscattered photons with the polarized electron. The missing energy distributions are shown. We have considered the wide range 1–1000 GeV of the DP mass $$m_{A'}$$

m

A
′

. The excluded regions at the 95% CL in the plane $$(\varepsilon , m_{A'})$$

(
ε
,

m

A
′

)

, where $$\varepsilon $$
ε
is the kinetic mixing parameter, are obtained. In particular, in the low mass region, 1–10 GeV our bounds for the 90 GeV CEPC are several times stronger than experimental limits obtained by the BaBar collaboration. For the polarized scattering, the excluded bounds for all three colliders are approximately 20% stronger as compared with the unpolarized case.
IFNα Potentiates Immune-Checkpoint Blockade by Rewiring Metabolic Cross-talk
Authors: Kao Kung-Chi , Jaccard Alison , Ho Ping-Chih 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
In this issue, Hu and colleagues unveil that IFNα administration combined with anti–PD-1 therapy can potentiate murine and human CD8+ T-cell antitumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma, highlighting a novel therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
See related article by Hu et al., p. 1718 (6) .
Unsub Extender: A Python-based web application for visualizing Unsub data
Authors: Schares Eric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article introduces Unsub Extender, a free tool to help libraries analyze their Unsub data export files. Unsub is a collection development dashboard that gathers and forecasts journal-level usage metrics to provide academic libraries with deeper measurements than traditional cost per use. Unsub gives libraries richer and more nuanced data to analyze their subscriptions, but it does not include a way to easily visualize the complex and interrelated data points it provides. Unsub Extender (https://unsubextender.lib.iastate.edu) is a free Python-based web application that takes an Unsub export file and automates the creation of interactive plots and visualizations. The tool loads with example data to explore, and users upload their specific Unsub file to quickly populate the premade plots with actual data. Graphs are interactive and live updating and support zoom, click-and-drag, and hover. Filters are specified through sliders to model scenarios and focus on areas of interest. A drop-down menu allows users to change a journal’s decision status, and graphs update automatically. After evaluating journals, users can export the modified data set to save their decisions. Unsub Extender proposes best practice in analyzing the increasingly common Unsub export file. It simplifies the analysis, eliminates duplication of effort, and enables libraries worldwide to make better, more data-driven decisions.
“We Still Miss Some of Them”: A DisCrit Analysis of the Role of Two 4-Year Hispanic Serving Institutions in Racially Diversifying the K–12 Teaching Force
Authors: Schwitzman-Gerst Tara 
Published: July 2022

Background/Context: Although some research has been conducted on the experiences of preservice teachers of color who attend Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs), little cross-institutional, qualitative research—disaggregated by type of MSI—exists on the potential of MSIs to prepare and graduate teachers of color. This article examines how teacher preparation programs and professors at two 4-year public Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs)—a type of MSI—respond to two barriers to the profession for Hispanic and Black students: state licensure exams and being underserved in their K–12 education. Focus of Study: At both institutions, white students were overrepresented, and Hispanic and Black students were underrepresented, in the population of students admitted to a teacher preparation program. Through a conceptual framework of “servingness” and an intersectional theoretical framework, disability critical race theory (DisCrit), I sought to center the voices of students and faculty of color and understand: (a) how state requirements for employment and licensure were incorporated into each teacher preparation program’s admissions criteria, (b) how each program’s admissions process impacted the race and ability/academic achievement of students enrolled in education coursework, and (c) how professors responded to the racial and ability diversity of their students. Participants: Four focal professors (two at each institution) and nine students (two or three in each course) participated. At each institution, one professor was teaching an introductory class—open to any undergraduate student who might have an interest in teaching—and one a methods course—open only to admitted preservice teachers (graduate and undergraduate students seeking certification). Research Design: A DisCrit methodology was utilized to center the voices of multiply-marginalized students and faculty and to analyze their stories in relation to larger systems of power and privilege. Primary data sources—three interviews with the focal professors and one interview with each student—were analyzed inductively. Codes and categories generated from the interviews were used to deductively analyze course observations. To better understand “servingness,” analytic categories were compared between institutions and between course types. Conclusions/Recommendations: Each preparation program responded differentially to state requirements in their admissions criteria, which had implications for both the racial demographics of admitted preservice teachers and how professors (a) responded to students’ prior K–12 experiences, and (b) described which students (of color) had the capacity to be teachers. Recommendations include: (a) examining “servingness” not only across HSIs, but also across different levels of courses, and (b) integrating support—rooted in students’ experiences—throughout teacher preparation.
Vulnerability among older people ageing with deafblindness
Authors: Simcock Peter , Manthorpe Jill , Tinker Anthea 
Published: July 2022

Summary Vulnerability is an underexamined concept in social work. Scholarly activity principally concentrates on policy analysis and theoretical debate; less attention is given to lived experience of vulnerability from the perspectives of particular groups, impoverishing understanding of the phenomenon. This article presents findings from the first United Kingdom-based study of the lived experience of vulnerability from the perspectives of older deafblind adults. Adopting a qualitative design, data were collected via 18 semistructured interviews with eight participants (aged between 49 and 83), undertaken between October 2014 and July 2016. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Participants interpret vulnerability as layered, describing what they feel vulnerable about, what they feel vulnerable to, and when they feel vulnerable. The latter layer is predominant: vulnerability experiences are time-limited, and situation and setting specific. Situational and pathogenic sources of vulnerability include the responses of other people, particularly the experience of being misunderstood or perceived as incapable. The layers of vulnerability are not discrete: they can be combined and avoidance of one vulnerability can exacerbate another. Applications Findings strengthen arguments against categorizing particular groups, including deafblind people, as permanently and immutably vulnerable. Such categorization, focused solely on impairment, provides an inadequate understanding of experience. Policymakers should consider adopting a layered approach to defining vulnerability. Assessment of these layers and how they interact may offer social workers an enhanced understanding of deafblind people's experiences and assist in determining what matters to them. Assessment should explore coping strategies, and assumptions of incapability based on impairment be rejected.
Safety of Transcarotid Revascularization in Patients with a Contraindication to Dual Antiplatelets
Authors: Olvera Alejandro , Tanaka Akiko , Madison Mackenzie K. , Motaganahalli Raghu L. , Fajardo Andres , Keyhani Arash , Keyhani Kourosh , Wang S. Keisin 
Published: July 2022

Objective Current carotid artery stenting practice guidelines recommend dual antiplatelets to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events during and after transcarotid revascularization (TCAR). However, some patients are poor candidates for this regimen, due to preexisting need for anticoagulation, allergies, and/or risk of major bleeding. Therefore, this investigation was performed to review outcomes associated with patients undergoing TCAR while on alternative medication regimens to determine safety and efficacy. Methods A retrospective review was performed of a combined database created by the combination of institutional carotid revascularization archives maintained at 2 high-volume TCAR health systems. Patients taking dual antiplatelets were compared to those on nontraditional medications with respect to demographics and perioperative and long-term outcomes. Results Between our 2 member institutions, 729 TCAR procedures, consisting of 549 patients on dual antiplatelets and 180 on alternative treatments, qualified for study inclusion and analyzed. The cohort not taking dual antiplatelets presented with a heavier comorbidity burden by Charlson Comorbidity Index (5.3 ± 2.2 vs 6.1 ± 2.2, P < .01). Additionally, these patients underwent higher risk revascularization procedures, as they had a higher proportion of symptomatic lesions (34.6% vs 43.0%, P = .03). Despite these deviations in baseline characteristics, similar outcomes between groups were observed in the 30-day perioperative period with respect to stroke (2.2% vs 2.8%, P = .58), death (1.3% vs 1.1%, P > .99), and myocardial infarction (.4% vs 0%, P > .99). Similarly, rates of reintervention (1.6% vs 1.1%, P > .99), hematoma formation (2.4% vs 2.2%, P > .99), and stent thrombosis (.5% vs .6%, P > .99) were consistent, regardless of antiplatelet status. At follow-up of 25.4 and 29.1 months, respectively, for the dual antiplatelet and alternative treatment cohorts, no deviations with respect to reintervention, stroke, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis were noted. However, there was an increased risk of death (5.4% vs 13.5%, P = .02) in the alternative regimen group. Conclusion In this small series of TCARs, patients not maintained on dual antiplatelets did not experience more perioperative adverse events after TCAR. However, more studies, in larger series, are required to verify and validate these findings.
COVID-19 vaccine side effect: age and gender disparity in adverse effects following the first dose of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among the vaccinated population in Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study
Authors: Alemayehu Astawus , Demissie Abebaw , Yusuf Mohammed , Abdullahi Yasin , Abdulwehab Remzia , Oljira Lemessa , Feleke Dereje 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major threat to community health, and vaccinations are a safe and effective way to reduce disease loads around the world. This study aimed to assess the age and gender disparity in adverse effects following the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among the vaccinated population in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 832 randomly selected individuals from December 1st to 20th, 2021, in eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V26. Descriptive summary statistics were done. A chi-square test statistic was computed to assess the difference in adverse effects between age groups and both genders. Result: Out of 832 study participants who had taken the first dose of AstraZeneca vaccine, 96.3% of them felt at least one adverse effect. The magnitude of adverse reactions was higher among male participants. The reported adverse reactions were significantly higher in the age group of 50–60 years with comorbidity than those of <50 and >60 years of age. Conclusion: Overall, there is a significant age and gender difference in adverse effects following the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, adverse reactions were higher among people with comorbidity in the age group of 50–60 years. The Harari Regional Health Bureau should provide training for frontline healthcare workers on early recognition and response to adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, information and education should be provided to the community as a whole regarding recognition and the appropriate measures to be taken.
Does Ligamentous Laxity Protect Against Chondral and Osteochondral Injuries in Patients With Patellofemoral Instability?
Authors: Redler Lauren H. , Dennis Elizabeth R. , Mayer Gabrielle M. , Kalbian Irene L. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Shubin Stein Beth E. , Strickland Sabrina M. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Many patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for patellofemoral instability have chondral or osteochondral injuries requiring treatment. Hypothesis: In patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability, those with ligamentous laxity (LAX) would be less likely to have chondral or osteochondral defects requiring surgical intervention compared with those with no laxity (NLX). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Included were 171 patients with patellofemoral instability (32 men, 139 women; mean age, 22 years [range, 11-57 years]) who underwent MPFL reconstruction between 2005 and 2015. Patients with a Beighton-Horan score ≥5 were considered LAX (n = 96), while patients with scores <5 were considered NLX (n = 75). Preoperative magnetic resonance images were evaluated to determine the presence, size, and location of chondral or osteochondral injury as well as the grade according to the Outerbridge classification. Documented anatomic measurements included tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, Caton-Deschamps Index (CDI) for patellar height, and the Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia. Results: Of the 171 patients, 58 (34%) required a surgical intervention for a chondral or osteochondral defect: chondroplasty (29/58; 50%), particulated juvenile cartilage implantation (18/58; 31%), microfracture (16/58; 28%), osteochondral fracture fixation (2/58; 3.4%), and osteochondral allograft (2/58; 3.4%). While there was no statistical difference in the proportion of patellar chondral or osteochondral injuries between patients with NLX (58%) versus LAX (67%) ( P = .271), there was a significantly higher rate of patellar grade 3 or 4 injuries in the NLX (74%) versus LAX (45%) group ( P = .004). Similarly, there was no difference in femoral chondral or osteochondral injury rates between groups ( P = .132); however, femoral grade 3 or 4 injuries were significantly higher in the NLX (67%) versus the LAX (13%) group ( P = .050). After adjusting for age, sex, radiographic parameters (TT-TG distance and CDI), and trochlear morphology, patients with LAX were 75% less likely to have had a grade 3 or 4 patellar cartilage injury compared with patients with NLX ( P = .006). Conclusion: For patients who sustained patellar or femoral chondral or osteochondral injuries, compared with their counterparts with NLX, patients with LAX were less likely to have severe (grade 3 or 4) injuries requiring surgical intervention.