bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstracting and formalising the design co-evolution model
Authors: Gero John S. , Kannengiesser Udo , Crilly Nathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Co-evolution accounts have generally been used to describe how problems and solutions both change during the design process. More generally, problems and solutions can be considered as analytic categories, where change is seen to occur within categories or across categories. There are more categories of interest than just problems and solutions, for example, the participants in a design process (such as members of a design team or different design teams) and categories defined by design ontologies (such as function-behaviour-structure or concept-knowledge). In this paper, we consider the co-evolution of different analytic categories (not just problems and solutions), by focussing on how changes to a category originate either from inside or outside that category. We then illustrate this approach by applying it to data from a single design session using three different systems of categorisation (problems and solutions, different designers and function, behaviour and structure). This allows us to represent the reciprocal influence of change within and between these different categories, while using a common notation and common approach to graphing quantitative data. Our approach demonstrates how research traditions that are currently distinct from each other (such as co-evolution, collaboration and function-behaviour-structure) can be connected by a single analytic approach.
The Case of Claud Cardew's Violin: Race, Anxiety, and the British Empire Mail
Authors: Rozett Tamar I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the summer of 1894, Claud Cardew, then at British Central Africa, asked his brother in England to send him a violin. In tracing the violin's trajectory from metropole to colony, this article combines two inquiries. It probes, firstly, the emotional vocabulary surrounding Claud's request, and secondly, the technology underpinning the British Empire mail. Closely reading the Cardew family letters alongside postal documents, the author argues that for Claud, the violin's delayed arrival triggered a tangled nexus of anxieties, stemming from both the colonial racial hierarchy and the changing expectations surrounding modern technology. Much like the cultural connotations carried by the violin itself, efficient mail delivery denoted racial superiority. Furthermore, the empire mail gained significance in the minds of British users for its racially loaded function as potentially mitigating colonizers’ anxiety in the face of outnumbering locals. Yet the violin's failure to arrive when expected led to mounting anxiety, as claims for colonizers’ dominance cracked in the face of unstable postal communications. The story of Claud Cardew's violin thus offers a framework that may be used to unravel similar emotional entanglements surrounding Western technologies set to work within empire.
Mining the Land While Sustaining Iiyiyiuituwin: Exercising Indigenous Sovereignty through Collaboration in Eeyou Istchee
Authors: Vanthuyne Karine , Gauthier Mathieu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Canada, the relationship between Indigenous Nations and mining corporations is characterized by asymmetrical power dynamics. To address this situation, several Indigenous Nations who see mining as an opportunity to realize their financial autonomy have developed mechanisms to enhance their capacity to regulate how their traditional territories are exploited. Drawing on collaborative research conducted with the Cree of Eeyou Istchee, we show how these initiatives can allow Indigenous peoples to reconcile mining with ways of life seemingly at odds with extractive development. From local perspectives, the Eeyouch have managed to persuade the developers of the mine operating on their territory to meaningfully engage with Iiyiyiuituwin—the “Eeyou way of life,” fundamentally anchored in respect for and reciprocity with the land. While numerous Indigenous Nations exercise their sovereignty by opposing extractive development, others realize it through building relationship with corporations in ways that sustain their enduring political philosophy.
New epibiotic association in the deep-sea: the amphipod Caprella ungulina and the Patagonian lobsterette Thymops birsteini in the South-western Atlantic
Authors: Rumbold Carlos E. , Chiesa Ignacio L. , Farías Nahuel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study reports for the first time the association between the decapod Thymops birsteini (Nephropidae) and the amphipod Caprella ungulina (Caprellidae). A benthic biodiversity survey was carried out to explore the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon, off the Argentine coast, in the South-western Atlantic Ocean. A total of 205 caprellids (181 juveniles, 4 males and 20 not-classified individuals) were found attached to 7 specimens of T. birsteini caught between 1087–2212 m depth. The epibiotic parameters showed that the prevalence of C. ungulina on T. birsteini was 50%; the mean abundance was 14.64 and the intensity value was 29.29. In addition, specimens of C. ungulina were recorded mainly on mouthparts of T. birsteini (31.22%), followed by chelipeds (18.05%), cephalothorax (4.88%) and pereiopods (0.98%). Our finding of C. ungulina provides the deepest record until now; additionally, this epibiont is reported in a new host belonging to an infraorder and a family of crustacean that had not previously been found as basibionts. The potential mechanisms implied in the wide distribution of C. ungulina are discussed.
Fifteen years of delegated protected area management in West and Central Africa: five recommendations to guide maturity
Authors: Scholte Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDelegated protected area management (transferring management responsibilities from a public to a private partner) has been promoted to give impetus to ailing protected areas in West and Central Africa. Since their inception in 2005, the number of partnerships has increased to 20 protected areas covering c. 250,000 km2, an area similar to that of the UK. A review of the lessons learnt from these first 15 years shows that delegated management has improved day-to-day management of these protected areas. There remain, however, challenges with funding and with the capacity of national managerial staff, and also concerns regarding human rights. Based on an analysis of these challenges, I develop five recommendations to guide more mature delegated management: governments should (1) ensure an enabling legal–procedural environment; and (2) prepare delegated management contracts systematically; (3) private partners should render themselves dispensable through capacity building of national managerial staff and by initiating sustainable financing mechanisms; (4) governments and private partners alike should respect human rights and build coalitions with communities; (5) governments, private partners and funders should strive to delegate non-core management tasks, such as tourist guiding and reception, community development and research, to specialized locally-based individuals and organizations. Although these recommendations have a specific West–Central African perspective, they have relevance for the increasing number of delegated management initiatives elsewhere in Africa and beyond.
Do we need an account of prayer to address the problem for praying without ceasing?
Authors: Hatcher Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract1 Th. 5:17 tells us to pray without ceasing. Many have worried that praying without ceasing seems impossible. Most address the problem by giving an account of the true nature of prayer. Unexplored are strategies for dealing with the problem that areneutralon the nature of prayer, strategies consistent, for example, with the view that only petition is prayer. In this article, after clarifying the nature of the problem for praying without ceasing, I identify and explore the prospects of five different strategies that are neutral in this sense. I also raise problems for each strategy.
I: The Acquisition of Library Materials on Nigeria by the Library of the Royal Commonwealth Society
Authors: Hammerton Elizabeth , Simpson Donald 
Published: April 2022

The Library of the Royal Commonwealth Society, founded in 1868, has built up a very substantial collection on Nigeria over the years, and therefore had a good basis on which to undertake responsibility for that country, under the SCOLMA scheme, in 1964. A progress report was made in April 1969 and published in Conference on the Acquisition of Material from Africa, I.D.C. 1969, pp.88-90, also R.C.S. Library Notes, new series No.152, August 1969. Many of the problems described therein still apply, but the following summary outlines the position at the close of 1975.Though the main purpose of the scheme is to acquire material published in the country concerned, the Library endeavours to obtain significant material published outside Nigeria, and this is relatively easy.
Institute of Contemporary History, University of the Orange Free State, South africa
Authors: Geyser O. 
Published: April 2022

Our rapidly changing world and the unique place South Africa, with her heterogeneous population, occupies among the nations make it necessary for South Africans to account for their place and role in the world situation. One event follows another so rapidly that the average individual simply cannot keep abreast of the times. It follows that there is a need for a responsible interpretation of events, preferably in such a manner as to fill the needs of both the academic who wishes to study the situation and the man in the street. Not only must facts be supplied in a scientific manner, but they should also be interpreted in their historical sense.South Africans have lagged behind in their efforts to enter the field of contemporary historiography. Neither the lack of distance between events and the writer describing them, which could obscure his perspective and judgement, nor the lack of historical sources ought to be allowed to hamper exponents of contemporary historiography in South Africa.
African Studies in Canada
Authors: Taylor D. R. F. 
Published: April 2022

The formalisation of African Studies in Canada began in December 1962 when a Committee on African Studies in Canada was formed. The Committee was established with the encouragement of the Social Science Research Council and the Overseas Institute of Canada. At the initial meeting the Committee stated its purposes to be: the promotion of African studies in Canada, the creation of a national organisation for scholars interested in Africa in Canadian universities, the representation of Canada at the International Congress of Africanists and the publication of a newsletter. The first president was Professor Ronald Cohen of McGill University.The first newsletter was published in November 1963 as The Bulletin of African Studies in Canada. Three volumes, each of two issues, were published, the last in May of 1966.
Boys Adventure Stories Set in the Third World
Authors: Goddard S. 
Published: April 2022

It is becoming realised increasingly that the study and collection of historical children's books is an important facet of bibliographical studies (Library Trends, Spring 1979, was devoted entirely to this area of interest). The Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London) has recently set up a small special collection of boys adventure stories set in areas in which the School has special interest and published between the middle of the last century and the outbreak of the Second World War.These were the books that were introducing Africa and Asia to the school boys who were to become the colonial administrators and business men responsible for overseeing our dual mandate.
The Zanzibar Achives Project and its Implications for the Preservation of Records in East and Central Africa
Authors: Thurston Anne 
Published: April 2022

In an earlier issue of this journal (ARD 36,1984) I described the archival training workshops held in Zanzibar in the summer of 1984. The workshops were not intended to overcome fully the problems of the Zanzibar Archives but to set in motion work which could be evaluated and more fully developed the following year. The second programme, described below, was held in July and August 1985.A brief review of the background to the workshops may be helpful. Zanzibar possesses the only extensive 19th century English language archive in East and Central Africa, a British representative having been posted there earlier than anywhere else in the region.
African Economies and Book Requirements
Authors: Made S.M. 
Published: April 2022

While there are common issues relating to publishing in all countries, there are a variety of special problems that affect Third World nations — among them African nations — in ways which differ from industrialised nations. Questions such as copyright, book distribution, and production problems are international in relevance but have a special meaning in the context of the Third World.Publishing is one part of a range of book-related activities. While the problems of book publishers constitute the main focus of our discussion, a range of related issues from the role of authors to the impact of colonial-inherited systems of education — all these will from time to time enter into our discussion. As Albach and Rathgeber say, this is because publishing is a system of knowledge dissemination that is increasingly interdependent on other elements of the communications process.
Search for Documents Concerning Socialist Thought and Policy in Tropical Africa: Progress Report
Authors: John Magnus 
Published: April 2022

The idea to undertake this project began when Zed Press commissioned Ben Turok as editor for a collection of documents on the above subject as part of a series called ‘The African Liberation Reader’. The scope of the collection of documents was to be determined by its editor, Ben Turok, who had been briefed to collect documents for publication in two volumes.Such a task required collaborative effort, both in terms of identifying sources/institutions to write to at home and abroad as well as ascertaining if any relevant material already existed locally. In effect, a strategy had to be worked out in order to undertake the project with some measure of success, especially since any cost involved in collecting the documents would not be met by the publisher.
German records in Tanzania
Authors: Karugila J.M. 
Published: April 2022

German East Africa the largest of the former German colonies had a rather interesting history of care, control and preservation of public records. The aim of this paper is firstly to trace in brief the history of German colonisation in East Africa, as a background to a better understanding of the registry practices and records keeping procedures of the government of German East Africa. Secondly, the paper is intended to relate what has happened to the records of the German era after the colony became a mandate under the British Administration and after the attainment of independence.Germany's efforts to found colonies in East Africa can be traced as far back as 1884. In September of that year, Dr. Carl Peters, one of the founders of the German Colonization Society (Gesellschaft fuer deutsche Kolonisation) and his friends, set out on a voyage to East Africa to look for colonies.
Special Libraries in Ghana: An Evaluation and Comparison of the Services Provided by Two Special Libraries in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Edwards Mary C. 
Published: April 2022

In Ghana, a close analysis of special library activities reveals the fact that the general pace of development lags far behind modern trends and techniques; this is surprising because library development in the country started with the development of special libraries.A possible reason for this slow rate of development has been given by Villars, who suggests that special libraries in Ghana have grown in isolation of each other, and in consequence, definite patterns of development have been difficult to establish.By 1970, about forty special libraries had been set up in the country. More than half of this number (twenty-three) were established between 1961-1970. After Independence in 1957, many organizations were established, such as the Volta River Authority, Bank of Ghana, National Investment Bank, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, etc. All these organizations were set up with a motivation towards development and thus desired or needed library facilities.
People, Places and African Studies
Authors: Larby Patricia M. 
Published: April 2022

This article is based on a talk given to the SCOLMA annual general meeting in 1993 and is, very largely, a personal backward look at my involvement with people, places and African studies since the late 1950s.When I first went to Africa in the fifties long distance travel was not the commonplace it is now. Uganda, where I took up my first overseas appointment as Librarian to the Department of Agriculture, was then a twenty-four hour flight away with stops at Rome, Benghazi and Khartoum. It is difficult to recapture first impressions on setting foot on African soil but there is a confused memory of heat, blazing sun (at 8 am), and the brilliant colours of the trees, flowers and the dresses of the Baganda women as well as mild cultural shock at finding that all the men wore shorts: I was not prepared for all those hairy knees.
Southern African sources in the Oriental & India Office Collections (OIOC) of the British Library
Authors: Geber Jill 
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the range of sources to be found in the British Library's Oriental and India Office Collections for the study of southern Africa. For the purposes of this article ‘southern Africa’ is taken to include South Africa (comprising the former colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal); Namibia (formerly South West Africa); Lesotho (formerly Basutoland), Botswana (formerly Bechuanaland) and Swaziland; Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia), Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) and Malawi (formerly Nyasaland); Angola and Mozambique.At a first glance, the name Oriental and India Office Collections does not immediately suggest rich pickings for researchers as far as sources on southern Africa are concerned. Yet this lesser known corner of the British Library provides a rich mine of diverse information from Britain's earliest interests in the region from the 1600s until the present.
South African bibliography in the mid-1990s: an overview
Authors: Musiker Reuben 
Published: April 2022

The documentation of South African bibliography has for many years been regarded as very substantial, and by far the best on the African continent.South Africa has a long-standing tradition of excellent bibliographies, which date back to the middle of the nineteenth century.In more recent years, the country's bibliographical equipment has been increasingly strengthened to the extent that it now holds its own with the best anywhere, and not just on the continent of Africa.As Chairman of the SAILIS Award for Bibliography for the past decade, since its inception in the mid-1980s, I have always been fully aware of, and greatly impressed by, the bibliographic work of high standing which continues to appear and to fill the remaining gaps in the nation's bibliographical record.
African Studies in Schools and the Community : A Personal View
Authors: Davidson Basil 
Published: April 2022

My own experience in this country, as a writing historian drawn occasionally into teaching or at any rate lecturing, is that African studies have so far failed to make any significant mark, or indeed any mark at all, on the general run of teaching and of syllabus in post-primary schools (and, of course, clearly none at all in primary schools). There are some exceptions in so-called multi-ethnic schools in London (and occasionally in other large cities) where a devoted though very small band of teachers - initially led by the late and much lamented Ken Forge - did succeed in the early 1970s in introducing and persevering with what were generally known as “Black Studies”; however, such exceptions were few indeed.I am not sure how far such “courses” still exist, but the general position has certainly improved in ofle important respect, though again of very limited range.
The National Archives of Malawi and the Problem of Migrated Archives
Authors: Mwiyeriwa Steve S. 
Published: April 2022

The National Archives of Malawi was established in January 1964, but Malawi has served as an archives depot since 1947, within the framework of the political unity of the three Central African territories of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi, then known as Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland respectively. This unity was promoted into the so-called Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1953. The Federation lasted only one decade following the secession from it of, first, Nyasaland, then Northern Rhodesia.The Southern Rhodesia National Archives Act was promulgated in 1935. In 1946, an Archives Amendment Act was passed, authorizing the Government Archivist of Southern Rhodesia to extend his powers to Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Act was followed by the Nyasaland Archives Ordinance 1946, which was but a complementary legislation empowering the Southern Rhodesia National Archives (now known as the Central Africa Archives) to act as the archives office for Nyasaland.
On egotism, amateurism, masochism, narcissism, sadism, masturbation and flagellation in African bibliography
Authors: Langlands B.W. 
Published: April 2022

It was very flattering to read Mr. Olden's article in African Research and Documentation 30 with so many references to myself. This is to acknowledge that my “ego is being served” (vide first line, p. 29). May I be allowed a few brief comments, if only to acknowledge how gratifying it has been to see that the amateur approach still survives (it hardly flourishes). In my two essays on the subject, and now in some of the ‘personal communications’ in Mr. Olden's essay there are various nuances and veiled sarcasms that a future commentator may find curious (or miss).One peculiarity about the amateur bibliographers listed in Olden's article is that three of us, Williams, Mortimer and myself, are all professional geographers. I suspect that all our methods of collection were “boy-scout operations” (Mortimer).
Sources for Cameroonian colonial history in Western archives and libraries
Authors: Orosz Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2022

Despite the publication of several excellent guides to colonial materials and Africana collections held in Western libraries, locating suitable archival sources for Cameroonian colonial history remains a challenge. While some documentation continues to reside in Cameroon itself, the bulk of material from the colonial period can be found in a series of Western libraries and archives scattered across Europe and the United States. The following introductory guide, based on my own research and correspondence with the institutions in question, is intended to help other researchers locate archival materials of interest to their work.Shortly after the German Colonial Society was disbanded the University of Frankfurt acquired its extensive library of colonial materials and integrated them into its own collection. Consequently, Frankfurt is by far the best source for locating published materials on the German colonial empire.