bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of 3D retinal tissue from human pluripotent stem cells using a directed small molecule-based serum-free microwell platform
Authors: Rashidi Hassan , Leong Yeh Chwan , Venner Kerrie , Pramod Hema , Fei Qi-Zhen , Jones Owen J. R. , Moulding Dale , Sowden Jane C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRetinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of blindness worldwide with debilitating life-long consequences for the affected individuals. Cell therapy is considered a potential future clinical intervention to restore and preserve sight by replacing lost photoreceptors and/or retinal pigment epithelium. Development of protocols to generate retinal tissue from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), reliably and at scale, can provide a platform to generate photoreceptors for cell therapy and to model retinal disease in vitro. Here, we describe an improved differentiation platform to generate retinal organoids from hPSC at scale and free from time-consuming manual microdissection steps. The scale up was achieved using an agarose mould platform enabling generation of uniform self-assembled 3D spheres from dissociated hPSC in microwells. Subsequent retinal differentiation was efficiently achieved via a stepwise differentiation protocol using a number of small molecules. To facilitate clinical translation, xeno-free approaches were developed by substituting Matrigel™ and foetal bovine serum with recombinant laminin and human platelet lysate, respectively. Generated retinal organoids exhibited important features reminiscent of retinal tissue including correct site-specific localisation of proteins involved in phototransduction.
Maternal breast milk microbiota and immune markers in relation to subsequent development of celiac disease in offspring
Authors: Štšepetova Jelena , Simre Kärt , Tagoma Aili , Uibo Oivi , Peet Aleksandr , Siljander Heli , Tillmann Vallo , Knip Mikael , Mändar Reet , Uibo Raivo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe potential impact of the composition of maternal breast milk is poorly known in children who develop celiac disease (CD). The aim of our study was to compare the microbiota composition and the concentrations of immune markers in breast milk from mothers whose offspring carried the genetic predisposition to CD, and whether they did or did not develop CD during follow-up for the first 3 years of life. Maternal breast milk samples [CD children (n = 6) and healthy children (n = 18)] were collected 3 months after delivery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure TGF-β1, TGF-β2, sIgA, MFG-E8 and sCD14. For microbiota analysis, next generation (Illumina) sequencing, real-time PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used. Phylotype abundance and the Shannon ‘H’ diversity index were significantly higher in breast milk samples in the CD group. There was higher prevalence of the phylaBacteroidetesandFusobacteria, the classesClostridiaandFusobacteriia, and the generaLeptotrichia,Anaerococcus,Sphingomonas,ActynomycesandAkkermansiain the CD group. The immunological markers were differently associated with some Gram-negative bacterial genera and species (Chryseobacterium,Sphingobium) as well as Gram-positive species (Lactobacillusreuteri,Bifidobacteriumanimalis). In conclusion, the microbiota in breast milk from mothers of genetically predisposed offspring who presented CD showed a higher bacterial phylotype abundance and diversity, as well as a different bacterial composition, as compared with the mothers of unaffected offspring. These immune markers showed some associations with bacterial composition and may influence the risk for development of CD beyond early childhood.
The Cincinnati incision is safe and effective for revision surgery for insertional tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , Gougoulias Nikolaos , Maffulli Gayle D. , Oliva Francesco , Migliorini Filippo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study reports the outcomes of revision surgery using a Cincinnati incision with tendon debridement and calcaneoplasty for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) in a cohort of patients at 24-month follow-up. Patients undergoing revision surgery following failed previous surgery for IAT were prospectively recruited. Patients were assessed pre-operatively and at 3, 6,12 and 24 months. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Scale for Achilles Tendinopathy (VISA-A), the EQ5D questionnaire and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were used for evaluation. Data from 33 patients with a mean age of 43.9 years old are reported. 27% (9 of 33 patients) were female. The left side was involved in 58% (19/33) of patients. No clinically relevant complications were reported in any of the patients. Most of subscales of EQ5D improved at last follow-up: Usual Activities (P = 0.01), Mobility (P = 0.03), Pain/Discomfort (P = 0.001), Thermometer (P = 0.04). No statistically significant change for the subscales Self-Care (P = 0.08) and Anxiety-Depression (P = 0.1) was evidenced. The VISA-A score improved significantly at last follow-up (P < 0.0001), as did the VAS score (P < 0.0001). These results indicated that a Cincinnati incision followed by tendon debridement and calcaneoplasty for revision surgery for IAT is feasible and reliable, achieving clinically relevant improvement in the VISA-A, EQ5D and VAS at 24 months follow-up.
An analysis of the most distant cataloged open clusters
Authors: Perren G. I. , Pera M. S. , Navone H. D. , Vázquez R. A. 
Published: April 2022

Context. Several studies have been presented in the last few years applying some kind of automatic processing of data to estimate the fundamental parameters of open clusters. These parameters are then employed in larger scale analyses, for example the structure of the Galaxy’s spiral arms. The distance is one of the most straightforward parameters to estimate, yet enormous differences can still be found among published data. This is particularly true for open clusters located more than a few kiloparsecs away.
Aims. We cross-matched several published catalogs and selected the 25 most distant open clusters (> 9000 pc). We then performed a detailed analysis of their fundamental parameters, with emphasis on their distances, to determine the agreement between the catalogs and our estimates.
Methods. Photometric and astrometric data from the Gaia EDR3 survey was employed. The data were processed with our own membership analysis code, pyUPMASK, and our package for the automatic estimation of fundamental cluster parameters, ASteCA.
Results. We find differences in the estimated distances of up to several kiloparsecs between our results and those cataloged, even for the catalogs that show the best matches with ASteCA values. Large differences are also found for the age estimates. As a by-product of the analysis we find that vd Bergh-Hagen 176 could be the open cluster with the largest heliocentric distance cataloged to date.
Conclusions. Caution is thus strongly recommended when using cataloged parameters of open clusters to infer large-scale properties of the Galaxy, particularly for those located more than a few kiloparsecs away.
Staged Common and External Carotid Artery Stenting Followed by Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass
Authors: Mulcahy Michael , Presti Anna Lo , Veken Jorn Paul Van Der , Steinfort Brendan , Assaad Nazih 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuperficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery for internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease necessarily requires sufficient external carotid artery (ECA) blood flow. Surgical bypass is therefore precluded if there is common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. Here we present two such cases: one patient had a CCA occlusion and the other had an ICA occlusion and ECA stenosis. Both had failed medical management, and were therefore treated with angioplasty and stenting of the ECA, followed by STA-MCA bypass. We describe the clinical and radiologic outcomes of these cases, and remark on the potential pitfalls associated with this novel approach.
Device activism and material participation in healthcare: retracing forms of engagement in the #WeAreNotWaiting movement for open-source closed-loop systems in type 1 diabetes self-care
Authors: Jansky Bianca , Langstrup Henriette 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe #WeAreNotWaiting movement is a global digital health phenomenon in which people with diabetes, mainly type 1 diabetes (T1D), engage in the development and usage of open-source closed-loop technology for the improvement of their “chronic living” (Wahlberg et al. 2021). The characteristics of a digitally enabled and technologically engaged global activist patient collective feed into existing narratives of user-led and open-source innovation. They also call for more exploration of what it actually means to be locally involved in this kind of technologically mediated and global form of patient engagement. Building on empirical research conducted in the German healthcare context, we explore the different forms of material participation encountered among a group of people with T1D (who describe themselves as loopers), who are engaged in the development and usage of this open-source technology. Introducing the concept of device activism, we retrace three different device-centered narratives that show how a globally shared concern and political participation through technology use varies with local practices. Hereby we stress that the engagement in the #WeAreNotWaiting movement is both shaped by and is shaping the matters of concerns: devices in, on, and with bodies.
The mechanism for ligand activation of the GPCR–G protein complex
Authors: Mafi Amirhossein , Kim Soo-Kyung , Goddard William A. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
We report the detailed atomistic mechanism for how molecules such as morphine, dopamine, or epinephrine binding outside of a cell to a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) in the cell membrane cause a G protein (GP) bound at the inside of the cell to break apart and signal the cell to influence appetite, anxiety, memory, cognition, learning, and sleep. Most surprising is that the GP binds first to the GPCR to form a precoupled complex that remains at rest until the drug binds to induce the signaling. Most important, it is the precoupled GPCR-GP structure that provides the basis for the design of therapeutics to maximize activity and selectivity.
Planetary chaos and inverted climate phasing in the Late Triassic of Greenland
Authors: Mau Malte , Kent Dennis V. , Clemmensen Lars B. 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceOur study of climate response to orbital variations in a Late Triassic midlatitude temperate setting in Jameson Land, East Greenland, provides robust evidence of astronomically forced grand cycles ascribed to gravitational interactions between Earth and Mars and is an Early Mesozoic record where both Mars–Earth modulation components are present and constrained with adequate chronostratigraphic controls. These findings suggest chaotic behavior of the inner Solar System and have implications as reference points in calculations of the past motions of the planets in the Solar System. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a climate antiphasing between low and midlatitudes, which has implications for precise correlation of geological records and for validating models of Earth’s climate dynamics.
Gate-tunable contact-induced Fermi-level shift in semimetal
Authors: Li Xuanzhang , Wei Yang , Lu Gaotian , Mei Zhen , Zhang Guangqi , Liang Liang , Li Qunqing , Fan Shoushan , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceResistivity comparison methodology was developed to measure and analyze the contact-induced Fermi-level shift (CIFS) as well as the interfacial charge transfer in low-dimensional semimetal–semiconductor (Sm-S) systems. The Fermi-level catch-up model was further built to depict the gate-tunable CIFS in such Sm-S systems. The Schottky barrier height for the Sm-S junction can be modified by introducing the CIFS term. The progress in this work will have an important role in promoting the research of Sm-S junctions, which are essential building blocks for future low-dimensional nanodevices.
Hybrid Hadamard and controlled-Hadamard based quantum random number generators in IBM QX
Authors: Salehi Ramin , Razaghi Mohammad , Fotouhi Bashir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Designing novel circuits and models for generating truly random numbers is of great importance. Recent attention has been focused on the idea of using real quantum computers to generate random numbers. In order to generate purely random bits and numbers, one method relies on the natural superposition of quantum gates. Here, we design a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) exploiting combinations of Hadamard and controlled-Hadamard gates in IBM Quantum Experience (QX). In order to verify that the generated bit sequences were truly random, the proposed circuit’s outputs were subjected to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test suite. In comparison to previous works, we found that not only had the total number of passed tests increased, but the P-values had also improved in many cases. For example, in the simulation style of the IBM QX, the number of passed tests is 14 out of 15 standard NIST tests. For the experimental mood of the IBM 16Q Melbourne, the number of passed tests is six without using any extractions. Furthermore, one more test is passed by adding Barrier operations to the circuits, and the P-values have increased. As a result, we found that the proposed method had more passed tests than previous works. The average of P-values for the six passed tests in former research for the mood of using a combination of extractors is about

0.43
.

However, the best result we can get with our circuits is around 0.60 (the average of P-values for 14 passed tests), which is an improvement of 0.17 compared to former works . Because of this, our circuits are getting ever closer to being a true QRNG.
Kinetic theory of longitudinal stability analysis of a non-laminar electron beam in self-consistent plasma wake field excitation
Authors: Akhter Tahmina , Fedele Renato , De Nicola Sergio , Jovanović Dusan , Fiore Gaetano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We carry out a stability analysis of a relativistic nonlaminar electron beam which is experiencing the self-consistent plasma wake field excitation. This is done in overdense regime (i.e. plasma density much greater than beam density) in a cold plasma. We adopt the self-consistent kinetic model for the plasma wake field excitation, that is based on the pair of Vlasov-Poisson-type equations. The latter governs the phase-space spatiotemporal evolution of the beam and its linearized form leads to a Landau-type approach to the beam stability analysis. Thereby, the analysis, performed for the case of a Gaussian electron beam distribution, shows the existence of the unstable modes for both cold and warm beams, respectively.
A New Consistency Test for ΛCDM Cosmology Using Galaxy Surveys
Authors: Zheng Jinglan , Zhao Gong-Bo , Wang Yuting , Mu Xiaoyong , Zhao Ruiyang , Zhang Weibing , Yuan Shuo , Bacon David , Koyama Kazuya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We propose a new consistency test for the ΛCDM cosmology using baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and redshift space distortion (RSD) measurements from galaxy redshift surveys. Specifically, we determine the peak position of f
σ
8(z) in redshift z offered by an RSD measurement, and compare it to the one predicted by the BAO observables assuming a flat ΛCDM cosmology. We demonstrate this new test using the simulated data for the DESI galaxy survey, and argue that this test complements those using the background observables alone, and is less subject to systematics in the RSD analysis, compared to traditional methods using values of f
σ
8(z) directly.
The Co-alignment of Winged Hα Data Observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope*
Authors: Cai Yun-Fang , Yang Xu , Xiang Yong-Yuang , Yan Xiao-Li , Jin Zhen-Yu , Liu Hui , Ji Kai-Fan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) has been releasing its novel winged Hα data (WHD) since 2021 April, namely the Hα imaging spectroscopic data. Compared with the prior released version, the new data are further co-aligned among the off-band images and packaged into a standard solar physics community format. In this study, we illustrate the alignment algorithm used by the novel WHD, which is mainly based on the optical flow method to obtain the translation offset between the winged images. To quantitatively evaluate the alignment results of two images with different similarities, we calculate the alignment accuracies between the images of different off-band and line center, respectively. The result shows that our alignment algorithm could reach up to the accuracy of about 0.″1 when the off-band of winged image is lower than 0.6 Å. In addition, we introduce the final product of the WHD in detail, which can provide convenience for the solar physicists to use high-resolution Hα imaging spectroscopic data of NVST.
Angle-tuned coils: attractive building blocks for TMS with improved depth-spread performance
Authors: Bagherzadeh Hedyeh , Meng Qinglei , Deng Zhi-De , Lu Hanbing , Hong Elliott , Yang Yihong , Choa Fow-Sen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. A novel angle-tuned ring coil is proposed for improving the depth-spread performance of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils and serve as the building blocks for high-performance composite coils and multisite TMS systems. Approach. Improving depth-spread performance by reducing field divergence through creating a more elliptical emitted field distribution from the coil. To accomplish that, instead of enriching the Fourier components along the planarized (x-y) directions, which requires different arrays to occupy large brain surface areas, we worked along the radial (z) direction by using tilted coil angles and stacking coil numbers to reduce the divergence of the emitted near field without occupying large head surface areas. The emitted electric field distributions were theoretically simulated in spherical and real human head models to analyze the depth-spread performance of proposed coils and compare with existing figure-8 coils. The results were then experimentally validated with field probes and in-vivo animal tests. Main results. The proposed ‘angle-tuning’ concept improves the depth-spread performance of individual coils with a significantly smaller footprint than existing and proposed coils. For composite structures, using the proposed coils as basic building blocks simplifies the design and manufacturing process and helps accomplish a leading depth-spread performance. In addition, the footprint of the proposed system is intrinsically small, making them suitable for multisite stimulations of inter and intra-hemispheric brain regions with an improved spread and less electric field divergence. Significance. Few brain functions are operated by isolated single brain regions but rather by coordinated networks involving multiple brain regions. Simultaneous or sequential multisite stimulations may provide tools for mechanistic studies of brain functions and the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The proposed AT coil goes beyond the traditional depth-spread tradeoff rule of TMS coils, which provides the possibility of building new composite structures and new multisite TMS tools.
Spectral geometry of nuts and bolts
Authors: Boulton Lyonell , Schroers Bernd J , Smedley-Williams Kim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the spectrum of Laplace operators on a one-parameter family of gravitational instantons of bi-axial Bianchi IX type coupled to an abelian connection with self-dual curvature. The family of geometries includes the Taub-NUT (TN), Taub-bolt and Euclidean Schwarzschild geometries and interpolates between them. The interpolating geometries have conical singularities along a submanifold of co-dimension two, but we prove that the associated Laplace operators have natural selfadjoint extensions and study their spectra. In particular, we determine the essential spectrum and prove that its complement, the discrete spectrum, is infinite. We compute some of these eigenvalues numerically and compare the numerical results with an analytical approximation derived from the asymptotic TN form of each of the geometries in our family.
Reducing uncertainties in hydrocarbon prediction through seismic inversion
Authors: Imran Qazi Sohail , Siddiqui Numair Ahmad , Latif Abdul Halim Abdul , Bashir Yasir , Saeed Ali Almasgari A. A. , Jamil Muhammad , Ahmad Nisar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPetroleum systems in offshore are often very complex and subtle because of variety of depositional environments. Delineating a reservoir based on conventional seismic and well-log stratigraphic analysis in such complex settings often leads to uncertainties. A reliable model of reservoir can forecast the production and performance of a reservoir which can reduce the drilling risks and associated uncertainties significantly. This work is aimed to develop a new concept in reservoir modeling by integrating seismic inversion and rock physics tools. First, in order to define litho facies, rock physics modeling was carried out through well log analysis separately for each facie. Next, the available subsurface information is incorporated in a Bayesian engine which outputs the several realizations of elastic reservoir properties and their respective probabilities, which then are used for post-inversion analysis. Seismic inversion fully exploited the vast areal coverage of the seismic data and integrated it with the well logs resulted in high-resolution acoustic impedance realizations. 3D impedance models coupled with the petrophysical analysis were then used to delineate the reservoir bodies.
New approach in analysing rock property changes in vuggy carbonates
Authors: W.M.L. Sazali , S.S. M Shah , M.Z. Kashim , Z.A. Abu Bakar , B. P. Kantaatmadja , L. Knuefing , B. Young 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
X Field is a HPHT carbonate gas field containing about 70% of CO2, and is located in offshore East Malaysia. In order for this field to be economical and environmental friendly, PETRONAS plans to reinject produced CO2 back into the reservoir. With this objective, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd is conducting a feasibility study on changes of reservoir rock properties due to this CO2 sequestration activity. As the available vuggy-carbonate core-plugs have a higher risk of damage, the team employed digital core analysis (DCA) technology for this study. The study consists of three phases. In the first phase, the selected core plugs were analysed using micro CT scan and image processing software. To mimic the gas reservoir, the core plugs were then saturated with synthethic brine, before undergoing centrifuge until Sw-irr from Pc data was reached. The second phase consisted of aging the core-plugs by immersion in supercritical CO2 at pressure and temperature of the reservoir for 45 days. In the third phase the core plugs were analysed via DCA again to determine changes caused by CO2 reaction in rocks. Due to the fragility of the selected samples, they the post aging DCA analysis revealed both mechanical and geochemical changes. However, the central part of the core-plugs was not mechanically damaged and could be used to analyse the changes in porosity mainly due to geochemical reaction. Our results indicate that there will be small impact of porosity changes due to CO2 storage activity in X Field. DCA has proven to be a very useful method in determining porosity changes in reservoir rocks. Not only can DCA determine porosity of broken core plugs, but it also can extract the unbroken parts of the rock for more accurate analysis.