bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise numérica de canal de irrigação em solo colapsível utilizando um modelo de estados críticos
Authors: Almeida Márcio , Filho Francisco 
Published: October 2022

Neste artigo é apresentado um modelo de estados críticos para solos não saturados, mostrando a implementação em um programa de elementos finitos e aplicações. Comparado com o modelo Cam clay para solos saturados, este modelo, proposto inicialmente por Wheeler e Sivakumar (1995) e modificado por Silva Filho (1998), utiliza uma variável de estado de tensões adicional para representar o efeito da sucção nos solos não saturados, através da técnica de deformação inicial. Neste modelo os parâmetros podem ser obtidos a partir de experimentos simples, como é o caso do ensaio duplo de adensamento. E, visando enfatizar a importância da utilização de um procedimento simples no modelo elasto-plástico em solos não saturados, são apresentadas três análises: avaliação do procedimento de carregamento e saturação, verificação dos resultados dos ensaios de Lawton et a. (1989 e 1991) e um novo estudo do colapso do Canal de Bom Jesus da Lapa no estado da Bahia, Brasil.
Computational investigation of erosion wear in the eco-friendly disposal of the fly ash through 90° horizontal bend of different radius ratios
Authors: Baghel Yatish Kumar , Patel Vivek Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present study, slurry erosion wear was evaluated in 90° horizontal pipe bends of various radius ratios (R/r = 2–10) through a commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT. For the suspension of fly ash-water, Euler–Lagrange and two way-coupling methods were employed to predict the slurry erosion wear. The flow through the horizontal bend pipe was simulated using a Standard k–ε turbulence modelling. The computational results were validated with the experimental result of the available literature. Fly ash was taken as the dispersed phase of the solid-liquid combination however water was used as the liquid phase. The fly ash particles size was taken as 150 µm. Various affecting factors, such as velocity (4–10 m/s) and solid concentration (2.5 and 7.5% by volume) of the fly ash, were also studied in this investigation. The erosion rate was maximum in the case of R/r = 4 and minimum for R/r = 10 at all velocities and concentrations. It was also found that the erosion rate increases with the increase in solid concentration and velocity.
Organosolv delignification of birch wood (Betula pendula): DMSO/water pulping optimization
Authors: Ivahnov Artem , Sypalova Yuliya , Pokryshkin Sergey , Kozhevnikov Aleksandr 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Improving the quality of cellulose semi-finished products for subsequent chemical processing in combination with the “green” concept is an important technical challenge. The article investigated a number of organic solvents as a delignifying agent. It has been shown that DMSO usage is the most efficient organosolv way to obtain cellulose from birch wood (B. pendula). The influence of the concentration of the organic solvent in the cooking liquid, the concentration of the acid catalyst, the duration and temperature of the process has been studied. The conditions for maximum process desirability at which the highest yield of cellulosic semi-finished product (CSP) and degree of delignification were as follows: 2 h treatment time at 156 °C, DMSO/water 75–95% solvent system with solid to liquid ratio of 1:10. At a concentration of DMSO in the cooking liquor of 85–90%, the degree of wood delignification was about 95%. The mechanical properties of the experimental DMSO pulp were similar to those of kraft pulp. DMSO lignin was characterized by Pyr-GC/MS. More than 65% of monomer fragments of phenolic compounds were S-unit derivatives. The results show that organosolv delignification with DMSO/Water can be proposed as an eco-friendly alternative process to the kraft pulping.
Aggregate-Exposing Operation Parameters, Laboratory and Road Performances of Exposed-Aggregate Concrete Pavement Applied in Long Tunnel
Authors: Cai Zhengsen , Fan Jianwei , Ma Tao , Deng Xinghe , Zhu Yajing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, exposed-aggregate concrete (EAC) samples, including EAC1 samples with a small aggregate size and EAC2 samples with a large aggregate size, were prepared. The effects of ambient temperature on the waiting time for the spraying of the aggregate-exposing agent (AEG) and the waiting time for the brushing of surface mortar were studied. Furthermore, the optimate spraying dosage of the AEG was determined, and a comparison was undertaken between the antiwearing properties of EAC1, EAC2, and grooved concrete samples. The correlation between the proposed aggregate-exposing depth (AED) indicator and the mean texture depth (MTD) indicator was examined in this study. Stone Mastic Asphalt-13 (SMA-13), EAC1, EAC2, and grooved concrete pavements were paved in a long tunnel, and their macrotexture, skid resistance, noise reduction, and antiglaring performance were compared. As per the results, a good, linear correlation was established between the AED and MTD indicators. With the increase in ambient temperature, the disappearance time of water film on the surface of cement concrete continues to shorten. The earliest, optimum, and latest waiting times for the brushing of EAC are significantly advanced, and the brushing window period continues to shorten. The recommended spraying dosage of 6 % AEG solution is 250–300 g/m2. Under the same spraying dosage of AEG solution, increasing the aggregate size improves the macrotexture of the EAC surface. Note that the skid resistance performance of EAC is not necessarily proportional to its macrotexture. Significantly large aggregate size is disadvantageous to the skid resistance performance of the pavement. The anti-attenuation performance of macrotexture, skid resistance performance, noise reduction performance, and antiglaring performance of EAC pavements are similar to that of the Stone Mastic Asphalt-13 (SMA-13) pavement and significantly better than those of grooved pavement. Moreover, the aforementioned performances of EAC1 pavement with small particle size are found to be better.
Age-Related Learning and Working Memory Impairment in the Common Marmoset
Authors: Glavis-Bloom Courtney , Vanderlip Casey R. , Reynolds John H. 
Published: October 2022

Aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, yet we still do not understand how the aging process leads to pathologic vulnerability. The research community has relied heavily on mouse models, but the considerable anatomic, physiological, and cognitive differences between mice and humans limit their translational relevance. Ultimately, these barriers necessitate the development of novel aging models. As a nonhuman primate (NHP), the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) shares many features in common with humans and yet has a significantly shorter lifespan (10 years) than other primates, making it ideally suited to longitudinal studies of aging. Our objective was to evaluate the marmoset as a model of age-related cognitive impairment. To do this, we used the Delayed Recognition Span Task (DRST) to characterize age-related changes in working memory capacity in a cohort of sixteen marmosets, of both sexes, varying in age from young adult to geriatric. These monkeys performed thousands of trials over periods of time ranging up to 50% of their adult lifespan. To our knowledge, this represents the most thorough cognitive profiling of any marmoset aging study conducted to date. By analyzing individual learning curves, we found that aged animals exhibited delayed onset of learning, slowed learning rate after onset, and decreased asymptotic working memory performance. These findings are not accounted for by age-related impairments in motor speed and motivation. This work firmly establishes the marmoset as a model of age-related cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding the normal aging process is fundamental to identifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases for which aging is the biggest risk factor. Historically, the aging field has relied on animal models that differ markedly from humans, constraining translatability. Here, we firmly establish a short-lived nonhuman primate (NHP), the common marmoset, as a key model of age-related cognitive impairment. We demonstrate, through continuous testing over a substantial portion of the adult marmoset lifespan, that aging is associated with both impaired learning and working memory capacity, unaccounted for by age-related changes in motor speed and motivation. Characterizing individual cognitive aging trajectories reveals inherent heterogeneity, which could lead to earlier identification of the onset of impairment, and extended timelines during which therapeutics are effective.
Radicular dentinal microcracks during biomechanical root canal preparation using four minimally invasive endodontic files
Authors: Bilaiya Sakshi , Patni Pallav Mahesh , Jain Pradeep , Raghuwanshi Swadhin , Pandey Sanket Hans , Harinkhere Chhaya 
Published: October 2022

Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the dentinal microcrack formation on human mandibular molars using 4 different minimally invasive file systems at 3, 6 and 9 mm from apex using a stereomicroscope.
Method. 125 mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly divided into 5 groups and instrumented (n=25). Group 1: Control Group (CG), Group 2: Self Adjusting File (SAF), Group 3: XP-Endoshaper (XP), Group 4: TRUShape (TS), Group 5: V Taper 2H (VT). After instrumentation was completed, the roots were sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from apex using a slow-speed circular saw. Digital images were captured using a 24x stereomicroscope by using a digital camera. Two operators independently checked each specimen for the presence of dentinal defects. Statistical comparison between the file systems was done using Chi-square (p<0.05).
Result. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of microcracks between the groups of file systems (X2=4.509, p>0.05). VT file system exhibited higher microcracks (25%) but was not statistically significantly higher than XP (12%), TRUShape (12%), and SAF (4%) endodontic file systems.
Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that all the file systems used in our research are minimally invasive files and produced few dentinal microcracks. VT files produced maximum while SAF produced the least number of micro-cracks.
La Tradición según Maurice Blondel
Authors: Izquierdo César 
Published: October 2022

SUMARIO; I. ¿QUÉ ES LA TRADICIÓN?- 1. ¿Origen tradicionalista?-
2. Aproximación a la teología.- 3. La conciencia del Mediador, origen de la tradición.- II. DESARROLLO DE LA TRADICIÓN.- 1- Cristo-Tradición.- 2. Iglesia-Tradición.- 3. Desarrollo y progreso de la Tradición.- 4. El papel de los apóstoles en la Tradición.- 5. Dogmas.- 6. De lo implícito a lo explícito.
Path Planning on Grids: The Effect of Vertex Placement on Path Length
Authors: Bailey James , Tovey Craig , Uras Tansel , Koenig Sven , Nash Alex 
Published: October 2022

Video-game designers often tessellate continuous 2-dimensional terrain into a grid of blocked and unblocked square cells. The three main ways to calculate short paths on such a grid are to determine truly shortest paths, shortest vertex paths and shortest grid paths, listed here in decreasing order of computation time and increasing order of resulting path length. We show that, for both vertex and grid paths on both 4-neighbor and 8-neighbor grids, placing vertices at cell corners rather than at cell centers tends to result in shorter paths. We quantify the advantage of cell corners over cell centers theoretically with tight worst-case bounds on the ratios of path lengths, and empirically on a large set of benchmark test cases. We also quantify the advantage of 8-neighbor grids over 4-neighbor grids.
Fiascomatic: A Framework for Automated Fiasco Playsets
Authors: Horswill Ian 
Published: October 2022

We present Fiascomatic, a mixed initiative system for generating consistent scenarios for the indie storytelling RPG Fiasco. Players can repeatedly generate scenarios, locking down aspects of a scenario they like and regenerating aspects they don’t, until they arrive at a scenario they find entertaining. It is not a story generation system; it generates scenarios from which players then generate stories. Nor is it intended to generate optimal scenarios; it generates random scenarios which the players can then curate according to their taste. Fiascomatic presents an interesting intermediate point between non-automated table-top RPGs and fully automated systems such as story generators or autonomous characters. It is a tool that can be used by Fiasco players to speed the generation of game setups while preserving creative input on the part of the players, and by Fiasco playset authors to make automated playsets.
Aesthetic Interleaving of Character Performance Requests
Authors: Shapiro Daniel , LeBron Larry , Stern Andrew , Mateas Michael 
Published: October 2022

We have constructed a system that supports unscripted social interaction between a player and virtual characters, where the participants pursue internal agendas and respond to one another in real-time. Our emphasis on unscripted interaction means that the characters must accept dynamically generated performance requests, while our concern with social interaction implies that the characters must interleave performances with an attention to natural flow that encourages social engagement. We present initial work on a performance management mechanism that produces this interleaving. It initiates and suspends character performances by allocating animation resources to requests via a utility function representing aesthetic concerns. That function weighs extrinsic factors reflecting the purpose of taking an action against intrinsic ones that concern features of a given performance. We show, via multiple short videos, that the features are individually material to the aesthetic quality of the result and that the mechanism can produce aesthetically pleasing performances on par with the best hand-generated prioritization scheme. We argue, anecdotally, that the parameters of the model are easy to identify, suggesting that the feature vocabulary is both intuitive and useful for shaping character performances.
Analyzing Stealth Games with Distractions
Authors: Borodovski Alexander , Verbrugge Clark 
Published: October 2022

The ability to distract opponents is a key mechanic in many stealth games. Existing search-based approaches to stealth analysis, however, focus entirely on solving the non-detection problem, for which they rely on static, ahead-of-time models of guard movements that do not depend on player interaction. In this work we extend and optimize an approach based on heuristic search of stealth games to model variation in guard paths as dynamically triggered by player actions. Our design is expressive, accommodating different distraction designs, including remote activation and time delays. Using a Unity3D implementation, we show our enhanced search can solve distraction puzzles found in real games, as well as more complex, multiple-distraction level designs. Our work shows how heuristic search can be applied to dynamically determined contexts, and significantly extends the ability to model and solve stealth games.
Improving Offensive Performance Through Opponent Modeling
Authors: Laviers Kennard , Sukthankar Gita , Aha David , Molineaux Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Although in theory opponent modeling can be useful in any adversarial domain, in practice it is both difficult to do accurately and to use effectively to improve game play. In this paper, we present an approach for online opponent modeling and illustrate how it can be used to improve offensive performance in the Rush 2008 football game. In football, team behaviors have an observable spatio-temporal structure, defined by the relative physical positions of team members over time; we demonstrate that this structure can be exploited to recognize football plays at a very early stage of the play using a supervised learning method. Based on the teams' play history, our system evaluates the competitive advantage of executing a play switch based on the potential of other plays to increase the yardage gained and the similarity of the candidate plays to the current play. In this paper, we investigate two types of play switches: 1) whole team and 2) subgroup. Both types of play switches improve offensive performance, but modifying the behavior of only a key subgroup of offensive players yields greater improvements in yardage gained.
Wish: Amplifying Creative Ability with Expert Crowds
Authors: Kulkarni Anand , Narula Prayag , Rolnitzky David , Kontny Nathan 
Published: October 2022

We present Wish, a system that uses expert members of an online crowd to amplify a user’s ability to carry out complex creative tasks. When presented with an incomplete or rough draft of creative content (for example, writing, programming, or art), Wish finds and recruits an expert to suggest a possible realization of the user’s vision. Wish contributes a new approach to crowdsourcing complex work. Rather than combining pools of unskilled workers to producing complex output, Wish uses the crowd to identify and recruit a pool of experts, then assigns a single high-quality expert to carry out the task. This approach retains the benefits of using a crowd — scalability, speed, correctness, and responsiveness — while simplifying the process of crowdsourcing complex work. We demonstrate Wish in the context of three prototype tools. Draft enables users to consult a crowd of authors for suggestions on writing. Hack lets developers convert pseudocode into working code by pulling results on demand from a crowd of programmers. Sketch lets individuals convert rough sketches into fully-refined art by consulting artists. We illustrate how novice creators can use Wish to amplify their ability, how expert designers can use Wish to explore design spaces and improve the speed of creation, and how new users can use Wish to gain feedback from experts.
Revenue-Maximizing Stable Pricing in Online Labor Markets
Authors: Xia Chaolun , Muthukrishnan Shan 
Published: October 2022

In online labor markets, millions of paid tasks are performed by workers every day. We solve the stable pricing problem, that is, given the information about tasks and workers, to find a revenue-maximizing mechanism — pricing and allocation — that is stable (where no worker or task is treated unfairly), and truthful (tasks reveal their true needs). We propose two truthful, stable mechanisms named SMUP and SMNP. In SMUP, we use randomized uniform pricing, and prove that it has (1 + log h)-guarantee on revenue where h is the maximum price of a task. In SMNP, we use randomized non-uniform pricing, and prove that it has (3+3 log h)-guarantee on revenue, slightly worse than SMUP analytically. However our experiments show, SMNP has much less variance than SMUP. For the online setting when tasks arrive over time, we present a truthful online stable mechanism with (2 + 2 log h)-guarantee on revenue.
Comparison of the Quality of Life of Addicts Participating in Either Narcotics Anonymous or, Therapeutic Community Group Sessions or Receiving Methadone-Therapy a Cohort Study in Mashhad in 2013
Authors: Bazazkahani Hamid , Moghaddam Amirreza Saleh , Vaghee Saeed , Hamedi Andishe 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Chronic and prolonged illnesses and disorders, such as addiction, can create a crisis in the lives of people with disabilities and reduce in their quality of life. Therefore, in this study, we decided to compare the quality of life of individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) who received either Narcotics Anonymous, Therapeutic Community Session or Methadone Therapy.
Methods: This cohort study was conducted on detoxified patients receiving either narcotics anonymous, therapeutic community sessions or methadone therapy. The quality of life of the subjects was measured by the SF36 Questionnaire at the baseline and 1.5 months after the start of treatment. Descriptive indicators (mean (SD), frequency (%)), ANOVA, paired t-test, Chi-square and Tukey post hoc analysis test were used for data analysis . Data were analyzed in SPSS19 software at the significance level of P< 0.05.
Results: Overall,81 patients were enrolled in three groups of 27 people. The mean ± SD of age was obtained as 34.77±8.49 years old, years of consumption as 7.48±2.87, daily consumption frequency as 3.85±2.14, and cessation of consumption frequency as 7.02±10.56. Of those who participated in the study, 57.5% had secondary school education or higher; 50.6% had a freelance job, and 14.9% were unemployed. The mean (SD) score of quality of life among individuals with SUD participating in the sessions of narcotics anonymous (85.7) and therapeutic community group (73.3) increased significantly 1.5 months after the start of the sessions compared to the baseline (P <0.001 ).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated narcotics anonymous and therapeutic community group sessions were effective in improving the quality of life of individuals with SUD. However, this effect was greater in those attending narcotics anonymous sessions. Therefore, it is suggested that individuals with SUD participate in these sessions.
Validation of the Native Model of Logotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Neamati Fateme , Vaziri Saeed , Dehghani Fahimeh , Mortazavizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Stress and social isolation can lead to the progression of the disease or the recurrence of cancer, in this regard, the need for stress management and mental relaxation in these people is essential. One of the ways to create peace in humans is to have meaning in life, and logotherapy education can play an effective role in achieving this goal. Today, logotherapy education is done in different ways for different target communities in the world, and the lack of a native Iranian model of logotherapy is considered one of our existing educational deficiencies. This study aims to validate a Iranian model of logotherapy for breast cancer patients.
Methods: This descriptive-survey study was conducted based on the results of Neamati's Ph.D thesis (29) on the lived experience of cancer patients. This model include 4 main themes (individual and social development, transcendental suffering, positive psychological abilities, and the angel of death) and 16 sub-themes.The statistical population of this study included all psychologists in 1400, and 120 psychologists were selected by convenience sampling method. The data obtained from the survey of the psychologists were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Amos22 software.
Results:The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loads related to the relationship between the main theme and its sub-themes, in response to questions about patients' perceptions of the meaning of life, patients' perceptions of cancer, patients' perceptions of cancer strategies and its complications, and patients' perception of the meaning of death are in a favorable condition (0.6 to 0.7). Also, the explained variance of all sub-themes was higher than 25%.
Conclusion:The native model of logotherapy for breast cancer patients has a good fit. It is suggested that the logotherapy-based model be implemented in cancer treatment centers and counseling and psychological centers for these patients.