bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodothalassium
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rho.do.tha.las'si.um. Gr. neut. n.
rhodon
, the rose; Gr. masc. adj.
thalassios
, belonging to the sea; N.L. neut. n.
Rhodothalassium
, the rose belonging to the sea.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae / Rhodothalassium

The genus
Rhodothalassium
is represented by a single species and is the only genus of the
Rhodothalassiaceae
family and
Rhodothalassiales
order. It is characterized by vibrioid‐ to spiral‐shaped cells which multiply by binary fission and are motile by means of flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Ubiquinones and menaquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q‐10 and MK‐10) are present. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Most strains also grow chemoorganotrophically under oxic conditions in the dark.
Rhodothalassium
species are obligately halophilic, require NaCl or sea salt for growth, and live in anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to the light.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68.5–69.0 (WGS), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Rhodothalassium salexigens
Imhoff et al. 1998
VP
(basonym:
Rhodospirillum salexigens
Drews 1981, VL9).
Phaeospirillum
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Phae.o.spi.ril'lum. Gr. masc. adj.
phaeos,
brown; N.L. neut. n.
Spirillum
, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n.
Phaeospirillum
, brown
Spirillum
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Phaeospirillum

Phaeospirillum
species are vibrioid to spiral shaped and motile
Alphaproteobacteria
. They are strictly anaerobic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with a reaction center and light‐harvesting complexes located in the internal membrane stacks formed at a sharp angle with the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
esterified with phytol and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, with spirilloxanthin itself lacking.

They have a photoheterotrophic metabolism and depend on anoxic conditions for biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthesis. The preferred carbon substrates are fatty acids including longer chains up to pelargonate. The longer chain fatty acids provide a selective advantage for several of the species. Chemotrophic growth may be possible at controlled and very low oxygen tensions (<1.5 kPa) in the dark. Ammonia and dinitrogen serve as nitrogen sources. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is present. Growth factors may be required.
Phaeospirillum
species are mesophilic freshwater bacteria with a preference for neutral pH that live in stagnant and anoxic freshwater habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.5–65.3 (Bd), 62.1–62.8 (T
m
), 61.5–64.7 (WGS).

Type species
:
Phaeospirillum (Phs.) fulvum
Imhoff et al. 1998
VP
(basonym:
Rhodospirillum fulvum
van Niel 1944
AL
).
Sphaerochaeta
Authors: Nazina Tamara N. , Bidzhieva Salimat K. , Grouzdev Denis S. , Löffler Frank E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Sphae.ro.chae'ta. Gr. n.
sphaira
(Latin transliteration
sphaera
), a sphere; Gr. fem. n.
chaitê
(Latin transliteration
chaeta
), long flowing hair; N.L. fem. n.
Sphaerochaeta
round cells along threads of hair, indicative of a round morphology with a derivation from spirochaetal ancestry.

Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Sphaerochaetaceae / Sphaerochaeta

The genus
Sphaerochaeta
comprises nonspiral, pleomorphic, and anaerobic spirochetes with fermentative metabolism. Spherical cells of diverse size, 0.3–2.5 μm in diameter, nonmotile, without flagella or periplasmic flagella‐like structure, non‐spore‐forming, and Gram‐negative. The cells occur as spherical aggregates, 3–25 μm in diameter, comprising up to 15 cells, surrounded by a membranous structure. Spiral morphology is not observed during any phase of the growth cycle. Cells lack ornithine or lysine peptidoglycan cross‐linkers. Mesophilic. Neutrophilic. Oxidase‐negative. Catalase gene present, but cells test catalase‐negative. Chemoorganoheterotrophic anaerobes. Fermentative growth occurs with carbohydrates, including pentose (
l
‐arabinose and
d
‐xylose) and hexose (
d
‐galactose) monosaccharides, disaccharides (sucrose), and soluble starch. No growth with peptone, cellulose, xylan, and H
2
/CO
2
. The end products of carbohydrate fermentation vary between strains and include acetate, ethanol, propionate, formate, H
2
, and CO
2
. Yeast extract, casamino acids, and vitamins stimulate growth. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrate, and oxygen are not used as electron acceptors. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and C
16:1
ω9
c
/C
18:1
ω9
c
. Isoprenoid quinones are absent. Free living or associated with other prokaryotes. Habitats are anoxic river sediments, deep subsurface environments including petroleum reservoirs, Arctic permafrost sediments, biogas reactors, Antarctic brines, and groundwater aquifers.

Genome sizes vary from 2.87 to 3.59 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
46–51 (genome sequences).

Type species
:
Sphaerochaeta globosa
Ritalahti et al. 2012
VP
emend. Hördt et al. 2020.
Parasphaerochaeta
Authors: Nazina Tamara N. , Grouzdev Denis S. , Bidzhieva Salimat K. , König Helmut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Pa.ra.sphae.ro.chae'ta. Gr. prep.
para
, beside or alongside of; N.L. fem. n.
Sphaerochaeta
a bacterial genus; N.L. fem. n.
Parasphaerochaeta
a genus nearest to
Sphaerochaeta
.

Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Sphaerochaetaceae / Parasphaerochaeta

Cells are cocci, 0.5–2 μm in diameter, nonmotile, and without flagella. Gram‐negative. Axial filaments are not observed. Cell aggregates are formed. Strictly anaerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs, having a fermentative type of metabolism. Mesophilic. Neutrophilic. Yeast extract is required for growth and may serve as a sole energy and carbon source. Pentoses (arabinose and xylose) and oligosaccharides (maltose, cellobiose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose) are fermented in a medium containing yeast extract and peptone. The main products of maltose fermentation are acetate, ethanol, formate, H
2
, and CO
2
. Glucose, galactose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, and polysaccharides are not utilized. Activities of α‐
d
‐glucosidase, β‐
d
‐glucosidase, α‐
d
‐galactosidase, α‐
l
‐arabinosidase, β‐
d
‐fucosidase, and β‐
d
‐xylosidase are exhibited. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and
iso
‐C
16:0
. Isoprenoid quinones are absent. This genus is a member of the phylum
Spirochaetes
, class
Spirochaetia
, order
Spirochaetales,
and family
Sphaerochaetaceae
. The known habitats are the hindgut of insects and anoxic environments.

The genome size is 2.23 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50.6 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Parasphaerochaeta coccoides
Bidzhieva et al. 2020
VP
(basonym:
Spirochaeta coccoides
Dröge et al. 2006, VL110; homotypic synonym:
Sphaerochaeta coccoides
Abt et al. 2012, VL147) emend. Hördt et al. 2020.
High‐Efficiency Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Oxygen Reduction Enabled by a Tungsten Single Atom Catalyst with Unique Terdentate N1O2 Coordination
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Zhu Yinlong , Tang Cheng , Chen Yu , Qian Binbin , Hu Zhiwei , Chang Yu‐Chung , Pao Chih‐Wen , Lin Qian , Kazemi Seyedeh Alieh , Wang Yun , Zhang Lian , Zhang Xiwang , Wang Huanting 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have shown great potential in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, current studies are mainly focused on 3d transition‐metal SACs, and very little attention has been paid to 5d SACs. Here, a new kind of W SAC anchored on a porous O, N‐doped carbon nanosheet (W1/NO‐C) is designed and prepared via a simple coordination polymer‐pyrolysis method. A unique local structure of W SAC, terdentate W1N1O2 with the coordination of two O atoms and one N atom, is identified by the combination of aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Remarkably, the as‐prepared W1/NO‐C catalyzes the ORR via a 2e– pathway with high onset potential, high H2O2 selectivity in the wide potential range, and excellent operation durability in 0.1 m KOH solution, superior to most of state‐of‐the‐art H2O2 electrocatalysts ever reported. Theoretical calculations reveal that the C atoms adjacent to O in the W1N1O2‐C moiety are the most active sites for the 2e– ORR to H2O2 with the optimal binding energy of the HOO* intermediate. This work opens up a new opportunity for the development of high‐performance W‐based catalysts for electrochemical H2O2 production.
3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI3 Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Kyoungwon , Lee Dae Hwan , Jung Wooteak , Kim Sungryong , Kim Seong Hun , Lee Donghwa , Song Seulki , Park Taiho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskites, which replace volatile and hygroscopic organic components with stable inorganic cesium cations, have promising photoelectronic properties for potential application in solar cells. However, highly stable and efficient CsPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells are rarely reported because the optically active black phases of CsPbI3 tend to change into a photo‐inactive yellow δ‐phase. Herein, a highly stable CsPbI3 film that is formed by introducing a small quantity of zwitterions with different dimensions to the perovskite precursor solution is reported. The zwitterions effectively inhibit the formation of the yellow δ‐phase during perovskite crystallization and promote the development of a stable black α‐phase. In addition, a systematic analysis reveals strong interaction between 3D zwitterions and perovskites in both the solution and film states, which leads to a dense and pinhole‐free CsPbI3 film with suppressed trap states. The resulting perovskite solar cells with 3D zwitterions achieve a significantly improved power conversion efficiency of 18.4% with high reproducibility. The devices without encapsulation retain 98% of the initial efficiency after 25 days at 25 °C and relative humidity of 25% ± 5%. Importantly, the 3D zwitterion‐based devices demonstrate excellent phase stability when subjected to thermal aging at 100 °C.
Highly Conductive Films by Rapid Photonic Annealing of Inkjet Printable Starch–Graphene Ink
Authors: Majee Subimal , Zhao Wei , Sugunan Abhilash , Gillgren Thomas , Larsson Johan A. , Brooke Robert , Nordgren Niklas , Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Zhang Shi‐Li , Nilsson David , Ahniyaz Anwar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA general formulation engineering method is adopted in this study to produce a highly concentrated (≈3 mg mL−1) inkjet printable starch–graphene ink in aqueous media. Photonic annealing of the starch–graphene ink is validated for rapid post‐processing of printed films. The experimental results demonstrate the role of starch as dispersing agent for graphene in water and photonic pulse energy in enhancing the electrical properties of the printed graphene patterns, thus leading to an electrical conductivity of ≈2.4 × 104 S m−1. The curing mechanism is discussed based on systematic material studies. The eco‐friendly and cost‐efficient approach presented in this work is of technical potential for the scalable production and integration of conductive graphene inks for widespread applications in printed and flexible electronics.
Semi‐Transparent, Micrometer Resolution p‐NiO/n‐ZnO Heterojunction Diode Temperature Sensors with Ultrathin Metal Anode
Authors: Lee Junhee , Hong Nari , Hong Woongki , Kim Duhee , Hwang Yujin , Jang Jaewon , Kang Hongki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVarious temperature sensitive biological mechanisms have been utilized for new biomedical engineering tools such as neuromodulation, cancer cell hyperthermia or photothermal therapy. Optically transparent and high spatio‐temporal resolution temperature sensors are needed to precisely analyze the biological effects that occur in response to the temperature changes. In this work, semi‐transparent p‐NiO/n‐ZnO heterojunction diode‐based temperature sensors with 100 µm‐diameter ultrathin transparent Au/Ag metal anodes is introduced. The fabricated diode temperature sensors accurately measure temperature changes from 25 to 80 °C, which is of significant interest in many biomedical engineering applications. The sensors also exhibit adequate transparency over the entire visible light spectrum for biomedical imaging including fluorescent microscopy. Low‐power operation of the temperature sensor (<0.2 nW) is achieved to avoid a self‐heating effect. The micro‐scale spatial resolution of the transparent temperature sensors is especially useful for cellular resolution bio‐imaging, optical neural recording, and optical bio‐modulation where transparency and high‐resolution temperature sensing are necessary.
Tim4‐Functionalized HBEV‐Chip by Isolating Plasma‐Derived Phosphatidylserine‐Positive Small Extracellular Vesicles for Pan‐Cancer Screening
Authors: Yang Liu , Tong Xuedong , Zhang Yong , Li Yan , Liu Jiangwei , Yin Ruiling , Zeng Dong , Yuan Yue , Deng Kun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThanks to containing tumor‐related molecules, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as biomarkers in tumor liquid biopsy and commonly employed to diagnose a specific cancer. However, a pan‐cancer screening method for pre‐symptomatic patients is crucial to achieving the early cancer detection. Herein, a lipid‐protein capture system on herringbone (HB) microfluidic chip (HBEV‐Chips) to isolate multiple tumor‐derived sEVs is constructed. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is abnormally surface‐supposed on tumor‐derived sEVs and binds T‐cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐containing protein 4 (Tim4) in calcium‐dependent manner. PS+ sEVs isolated by the HBEV‐Chips is perform on liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and it is found that PS+ sEVs are highly correlated with tumor‐related pathway (P < 0.05), such as Cdc42 protein signal transduction, neuropilin signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. And it is further validated in clinical sample and found that PS+sEV number shows statistical difference between cancer patients and healthy donors in plasma (P < 0.01) and has efficient diagnostic power (area under curve = 0.86), suggesting PS+sEV as potential biomarker for pan‐cancer screening. The Tim‐4 functionalized device facilitates the early multiple cancer detection, providing the potential to be used as a rapid‐screening tool in clinical setting.
The Global Challenge of Electronics: Managing the Present and Preparing the Future
Authors: Santato Clara , Alarco Pierre‐Jean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHome offices, virtual meeting rooms and online training that were admittedly becoming commonplace, are now essentially inescapable. The greater reliance on electronics, and the data and energy storage, however, comes at a cost. Planned obsolescence and the lack of environmentally benign end‐of‐life scenarios, such as reuse and recycle, but also degrade or vanish for organic electronics, are at the root cause of the dramatic increase in global e‐waste. Their impact is unequally distributed with low‐ and medium‐income countries taking the brunt of the harmful environmental and health effects, on their populations. This Perspective article suggests meaningful paths to mitigate the electronics waste crisis, beyond the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), that include sustainable and eco‐designed electronics while recognizing the limitations of certain tools at the disposal. Massive paradigm shifts along with profound systemic and cultural changes need to occur for the digital revolution's benefits to outweigh its drawbacks, most important of which are its present unsustainable growth. These shifts need to occur on intersectoral, intersectional, and intergenerational dimensions to alleviate the heavily asymmetrical environmental impact (Global‐North vs Global‐South) e‐waste have. Coordinating efforts at the international level will be crucial to build capacity and make an impact.
Sustainable and Conductive Wood‐Derived Carbon Framework for Stretchable Strain Sensors
Authors: Ji Tong , Sun Hao , Cui Boyu , Li Yalan , Ren Zechun , Xu Min , Li Haiying , Liang Daxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConductive carbon materials have recently received increasing interest for their potential applications in wearable electronics and electronic skins because of their adjustable structure and resistance. However, high cost, large energy consumption, and potential biological toxicity put a huge obstacle in the way of practical application in electronics. Bio‐derived carbon, which possesses sustainability and low cost, is an ideal substitute for traditional carbon materials. Here, a facile and eco‐friendly strategy is proposed to fabricate a lamellar wood‐derived carbon framework with excellent electrical conductivity for stretchable strain sensors. The obtained carbonized delignified wood framework (CDWF) possesses higher conductivity (5.62 S cm−1), and larger specific surface area (35.42 m2 g−1) as compared with carbonized wood framework (CWF). Moreover, the CDWF can be utilized to assemble a stretchable strain sensor by encapsulating it into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The CDWF‐based sensor exhibits favorable stretchability, stability, and durability (5000 cycles). The outstanding sensing properties of the sensors enable it to measure the joint movement of the human body accurately and continuously, showing good prospects for human physical monitoring and wearable devices applications.
Investigation of Resistive Switching Mechanisms in Ti/TiOx/Pd‐Based RRAM Devices
Authors: Hu Ruofei , Li Xinyi , Tang Jianshi , Li Yijun , Zheng Xiaojian , Gao Bin , Qian He , Wu Huaqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResistive switching random‐access memory (RRAM) has attracted tremendous interest for applications in both embedded memory and neuromorphic computing. In this paper, two distinct types of resistive switching in Ti/TiOx/Pd‐based RRAM devices depending on the bottom electrode morphology is reported. One is filamentary resistive switching where the bottom Pd electrode has spikes caused by liftoff. The enhancement of local electric field caused by the spikes induces the formation of conductive filaments and hence leads the device to be nonvolatile. The other one is dynamic resistive switching, where the bottom electrode is flat without spikes and the device resistance changes dynamically with time. For such devices, the electric field and the oxygen ion concentration gradient in the TiOx layer have competing effects on the oxygen ion movement, which makes the Schottky barrier height at metal/oxide interface vary dynamically with time. Based on detailed physical analysis, a compact behavioral model of the dynamic RRAM device is established. The model fits well with experimentally measured device characteristics, and can be easily incorporated in deep learning algorithms. The work paves the road for further optimization of dynamic RRAM device and also its application in dynamic signal processing.
Ultra‐Thin Chips with Printed Interconnects on Flexible Foils
Authors: Ma Sihang , Kumaresan Yogeenth , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: December 2021

Abstract“Heterogeneous Integration” is a promising approach for high‐performance hybrid flexible electronics that combine printed electronics and silicon technology. Despite significant progresses made by integrating rigid silicon chips on flexible substrates, the integration of flexible ultra‐thin chips (UTCs) on flexible foils remains a challenge as they are too fragile for conventional bonding methods. Reliable interconnects (low‐resistivity and mechanical robustness) and bonding of UTCs are critical to the realization of hybrid flexible systems. Herein, using a non‐contact printing approach, an easy and cost‐effective method for accessing UTCs on flexible foils is demonstrated. The high‐viscosity conductive paste, extruded from a high‐resolution printer (1–10 µm line width), is used here to connect the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) on UTCs with the extended pads on flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs). The electrical characterization of MOSFETs, before and after printing the interconnects, reveals an acceptable level of variation in device mobility (change from 780 to 630 cm2 V−1s−1). This is due to the drop in effective drain bias voltage as a marginally small electrical resistance (≈30 Ω) is added by the printed interconnects. The bonded UTCs show robust device performance under bending conditions, indicating high reliability of both the chip thinning and bonding methods.
Coupled Current Jumps and Domain Wall Creeps in a Defect‐Engineered Ferroelectric Resistive Memory
Authors: Huang Biaohong , Xie Zhongshuai , Feng Dingshuai , Li Lingli , Li Xiaoqi , Paudel Tula R. , Han Zheng , Hu Weijin , Yuan Guoliang , Wu Tom , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFerroelectric (FE) resistive switching has attracted considerable interest as a promising candidate for applications in non‐volatile memory technology. In this work, via judiciously controlling the defect states of oxygen vacancy through Sm‐doping, the authors obtain multiple current jumps/discrete resistance states in the resistive switching memories based on a model FE BiFeO3 (BFO). These hitherto unreported current jumps are attributed to the space‐charge‐limited current correlated with electron trapping by oxygen vacancies in the BFO film. Concurrently, oxygen vacancies serve as the pinning centers for the FE domains, leading to the domain wall creep behavior. These results illustrate the strong interplay between the defect, resistive switching, and domain wall creep behavior in FE diodes, providing a new insight into the mechanism of FE resistive switching. Overall, the large on/off ratio of ≈5 × 105, multiple resistance states, and fast switching speed of ≈30 ns, promise their potential applications in multi‐level data storage memories.
Mechanism of Action of the Tungsten Dopant in LiNiO2 Positive Electrode Materials
Authors: Geng Chenxi , Rathore Divya , Heino Dylan , Zhang Ning , Hamam Ines , Zaker Nafiseh , Botton Gianluigi A. , Omessi Roee , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Bond Toby , Yang Chongyin , Dahn J. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe addition of tungsten has been reported to greatly improve the capacity retention of Ni‐rich layered oxide cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, Ni(OH)2 precursors, coated with WO3 and also W‐containing precursors prepared by co‐precipitation followed by heat treatment with LiOH·H2O, are studied. Structural analysi s and electron microscopy show that W is incorporated as amorphous LixWyOz phases concentrated in all the grain boundaries between the primary particles of LiNiO2 (LNO) and on the surface of the secondary particles. Tungsten does not substitute for Ni or Li in the LNO lattice no matter how W is added at the precursor synthesis stage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that adding W greatly suppresses primary particle growth during synthesis. In agreement with previous literature reports, cycling test results show that 1% W added to LNO can greatly improve charge–discharge capacity retention while also delivering a high specific capacity. The LixWyOz amorphous phases act as coating layer on both the primary and secondary particles, restrict primary particle growth during synthesis and increase the resistance of the secondary particles to microcracking.