bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified statistical potential reveals that amino acid stickiness governs nonspecific recruitment of client proteins into condensates
Authors: Villegas José A. , Levy Emmanuel D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembraneless organelles are cellular compartments that form by liquid–liquid phase separation of one or more components. Other molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, will distribute between the cytoplasm and the liquid compartment in accordance with the thermodynamic drive to lower the free energy of the system. The resulting distribution colocalizes molecular species to carry out a diversity of functions. Two factors could drive this partitioning: the difference in solvation between the dilute versus dense phase and intermolecular interactions between the client and scaffold proteins. Here, we develop a set of knowledge‐based potentials that allow for the direct comparison between stickiness, which is dominated by desolvation energy, and pairwise residue contact propensity terms. We use these scales to examine experimental data from two systems: protein cargo dissolving within phase‐separated droplets made from FG repeat proteins of the nuclear pore complex and client proteins dissolving within phase‐separated FUS droplets. These analyses reveal a close agreement between the stickiness of the client proteins and the experimentally determined values of the partition coefficients (R > 0.9), while pairwise residue contact propensities between client and scaffold show weaker correlations. Hence, the stickiness of client proteins is sufficient to explain their differential partitioning within these two phase‐separated systems without taking into account the composition of the condensate. This result implies that selective trafficking of client proteins to distinct membraneless organelles requires recognition elements beyond the client sequence composition.StatementEmpirical potentials for amino acid stickiness and pairwise residue contact propensities are derived. These scales are unique in that they enable direct comparison of desolvation versus contact terms. We find that partitioning of a client protein to a condensate is best explained by amino acid stickiness.
Chiral Quantum Optics and Optical Nonreciprocity Based on Susceptibility‐Momentum Locking
Authors: Tang Lei , Tang Jiang‐shan , Xia Keyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe progress in chiral light–matter interaction in the quantum regime leads to emergence of chiral quantum optics and quantum nonreciprocity. Spin‐momentum locking is at the heart of chiral quantum optics. In this short review, the basic knowledge of optical nonreciprocity and susceptibility‐momentum locking (SML) is introduced as a novel mechanism for conducting chiral quantum optics. Various approaches achieving optical nonreciprocity based on SML are also reviewed. A perspective regarding the challenges in this direction will also be provided.
Global stabilization via output feedback of stochastic nonlinear time‐delay systems with time‐varying measurement error: A Lyapunov–Razumikhin approach
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe output feedback stabilization for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems in lower‐triangular form is discussed. The key feature of the studied systems is that both of time‐delay factors and sensor measurement error are considered into system modeling. To handle these uncertainties in unmeasured states, a form of full‐order state observer is introduced to rebuild the states of the systems. By developing a simple but efficient control scheme, a linear output feedback controller coupled with two different static gains is designed to stabilize the whole system. In contrast to the conventional Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, a framework of stability analysis based on Lyapunov–Razumikhin function is proposed for the closed‐loop stochastic system. The advantage of the proposed method lies in the superior capability of tackling various types of time delays. Specially, the time derivatives of time‐delay terms can be no less than 1, or even unbounded. Finally, two examples are shown to validate our theoretical results.
Electromechanical Photophysics of GFP Packed Inside Viral Protein Cages Probed by Force‐Fluorescence Hybrid Single‐Molecule Microscopy
Authors: Strobl Klara , Selivanovitch Ekaterina , Ibáñez‐Freire Pablo , Moreno‐Madrid Francisco , Schaap Iwan A. T. , Delgado‐Buscalioni Rafael , Douglas Trevor , de Pablo Pedro J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPacking biomolecules inside virus capsids has opened new avenues for the study of molecular function in confined environments. These systems not only mimic the highly crowded conditions in nature, but also allow their manipulation at the nanoscale for technological applications. Here, green fluorescent proteins are packed in virus‐like particles derived from P22 bacteriophage procapsids. The authors explore individual virus cages to monitor their emission signal with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy while simultaneously changing the microenvironment with the stylus of atomic force microscopy. The mechanical and electronic quenching can be decoupled by ≈10% each using insulator and conductive tips, respectively. While with conductive tips the fluorescence quenches and recovers regardless of the structural integrity of the capsid, with the insulator tips quenching only occurs if the green fluorescent proteins remain organized inside the capsid. The electronic quenching is associated with the coupling of the protein fluorescence emission with the tip surface plasmon resonance. In turn, the mechanical quenching is a consequence of the unfolding of the aggregated proteins during the mechanical disruption of the capsid.
Graphene Via Contact Architecture for Vertical Integration of vdW Heterostructure Devices
Authors: Shin Yongjun , Kwon Junyoung , Jeong Yeonsu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Im Seongil , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) devices and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures attract considerable attention owing to their potential for next‐generation logic and memory applications. In addition, 2D devices are projected to have high integration capabilities, while maintaining nanoscale thickness. However, the fabrication of 2D devices and their circuits is challenging because of the high precision required to etch and pattern ultrathin 2D materials for integration. Here, the fabrication of a graphene via contact architecture to electrically connect graphene electrodes (or leads) embedded in vdW heterostructures is demonstrated. Graphene via contacts comprising of edge and fluorinated graphene (FG) electrodes are fabricated by successive fluorination and plasma etching processes. A one‐step fabrication process that utilizes the graphene contacts is developed for a vertically integrated complementary inverter based on n‐ and p‐type 2D field‐effect transistors (FETs). This study provides a promising method to fabricate vertically integrated 2D devices, which are essential in 2D material‐based devices and circuits.
Interfacial Engineering of Binder‐Free Janus Separator with Ultra‐Thin Multifunctional Layer for Simultaneous Enhancement of Both Metallic Li Anode and Sulfur Cathode
Authors: Wu Shuanglin , Yao Yingmei , Nie Xiaolin , Yu Zhifeng , Yu Yanting , Huang Fenglin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExploring a scalable strategy to fabricate a multifunctional separator is of great significance to overcome the challenges of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and dendritic growth in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a binder‐free Janus separator is constructed by interfacial engineering. At the cathode interface, an ultra‐thin covalent triazine piperazine film containing tailorable micropores and adsorption sites is decorated on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane by in situ interfacial polymerization, building a triple barrier for LiPSs. The combination of steric hindrance and chemical adsorption reduces LiPS's migration by 81.85%. Meanwhile, at the anode interface, a fast‐ionic conductor Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is created on the surface of PAN nanofiber by magnetron sputtering to suppress dendrite growth. Even though there is no binder between the ceramic layer and the fibrous separator, sputtering creates an inter‐embedded structure that ensures no depowering after cycling. Furthermore, the PAN‐based separator displays a high temperature tolerance of 180 °C. Consequently, the cell delivers a high capacity of 1287.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and stable cycling performance with an ultra‐low capacity decay rate of 0.059% per cycle over 500 cycles. This work provides a scalable strategy for functionalizing separators to tackle the challenges in LSBs, which is binder‐free, stripping‐free, and essentially thickening‐free.
Dendrite‐accelerated thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium metal pouch batteries
Authors: Xu Xiang‐Qun , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Jiang Feng‐Ni , Yang Shi‐Jie , Ren Dongsheng , Shi Peng , Hsu HungJen , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Ouyang Minggao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are widely accepted as promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the safety features of practical LMBs are rarely explored quantitatively. Herein, the thermal runaway behaviors of a 3.26 Ah (343 Wh kg−1) Li | LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cell in the whole life cycle are quantitatively investigated by extended volume‐accelerating rate calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. By thermal failure analyses on pristine cell with fresh Li metal, activated cell with once plated dendrites, and 20‐cycled cell with large quantities of dendrites and dead Li, dendrite‐accelerated thermal runaway mechanisms including reaction sequence and heat release contribution are reached. Suppressing dendrite growth and reducing the reactivity between Li metal anode and electrolyte at high temperature are effective strategies to enhance the safety performance of LMBs. These findings can largely enhance the understanding on the thermal runaway behaviors of Li metal pouch cells in practical working conditions.
Artificial Neural Network Controlled Multi‐Device Interleaved DC‐DC Boost Converter Implementation for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Anbarasi MP , Latha R , Adharsh Babu S 
Published: June 2022

Electric vehicles (EV) are the future of mobility solutions. The EV's are driven by an electric motor with the help of a power electronic interface. The power electronic interface needs to be designed in an efficient way both in mechanical and electrical aspects. This paper proposes the concept of design, simulation and analysis of a 10 kW Multi‐Device Interleaved DC‐DC Boost Converter (MDIBC) to drive a 4 kW Induction Motor. The output DC voltage is to be maintained at a constant 400 V irrespective of the input variations. MDIBC consists of semi‐controlled switches topology excited by Phase Shifted PWM technique to reduce the ripple current in interleaving inductors. The dual loop control of the MDIBC is implemented using both PI and ANN controllers. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate and analyze the design and control implementations. The results obtained through the implementation of ANN control proves that the control of MDIBC is simpler and is superior when compared to PI control. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Integrating Palliative Care into Primary Care: An Educational Project to Meet an Unmet Need
Authors: Radfar Amir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLack of access to palliative care services in developing countries would add to patients’ suffering if deprived of palliative care services. There is a tremendous need for the basic, intermediate, and specialist training of palliative care, and the need will be growing as the population ages. Palliative care integration with the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of life-limiting health problems can enhance the quality of life, promote patients’ dignity, and positively affect the disease’s course. Primary palliative care can be applied at all healthcare system levels, including primary care providers and specialists in many disciplines who do not have formal palliative care training. Primary palliative care can assist to relieve the pain and suffering of terminally ill patients and can partially meet current or future needs in developing countries. Education is one of the main points of the primary palliative care program. It should be adapted to the development of palliative care for each country and eventually incorporated into the conventional training for all professionals. This cost-effective and simple approach has been a basis for creating an online educational program that aims to develop primary palliative care content material in Farsi for general practitioners who deal with patients with cancer.
Blended Learning for Oncologists and Their Colleagues
Authors: Schmidt-Straßburger Uta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOncology is a rapidly developing field with a high societal impact. It comprises more and more complex knowledge, more sophisticated patient management, and truly interdisciplinary collaboration. Addressing the needs of oncologists is important to satisfy the increasing need for updating their knowledge about new medicines and treatment strategies together with managerial aspects of the medical profession and practice while balancing personal needs for well-being. Out of the many options, a blended learning, degree-awarding study program is a possibility combining high flexibility with only few fixed appointments and a profound net-working experience. I will describe in this chapter the ESMO (European Society for Medical Oncology)/ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) recommendations for a global curriculum in oncology, how their educational part was translated into online learning modules, and how soft skill training for presentation, communication, and negotiation together with personal coaching resulted in a network of oncology professionals gearing toward better cancer patient care everywhere in the world.
Establishing a Continuing Educational Program Based on the ESMO/ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Egypt and Other Educational Initiatives
Authors: Elsayed Zeinab , Kelany Mohamed Reda , Rabea Ahmed Magdy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter contains descriptions of three different postgraduate educational endeavors in Egypt that are addressing the need for continuing medical education in oncology. Two initiatives are addressing the medical oncology training in general, whereas one focuses on a rare subset of tumors (sarcomas) that requires a well-coordinated approach to the best patient care possible. The authors of this chapter have successfully studied in the Advanced Oncology study program of Ulm University and strive to transfer the knowledge and the know-how to their workplaces. Thereby, they are facing similar and also different challenges that may be present in other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Make a Difference
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommon excuses no longer make up for lack of engagement with sustainability, it is time to shine for procurement, with a new role of creating value beyond focusing on price. People are of paramount importance in any transformation and so, guided by managers, they are the key drivers of change.
Develop Purpose, Ambition Level, and Strategy
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStarting with a new purpose for procurement sets the North Star. If people ask for a purpose, give them one, and let them know what the level of ambition is. An ambitious sustainability strategy is key pillar for a future-proof procurement organization.
Sustainability in Action: Interviews with Experts
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo round off our guide to achieving sustainability in procurement we have compiled some of the interviews that were conducted during the writing of this book, which demonstrate what sustainability in procurement looks like in the real world, in a variety of industries.
Predicting the Weather: A Partnership of Observation Scientists and Forecasters
Authors: Joe Paul , Sun Jenny , Yussouf Nusrat , Goodman Steve , Riemer Michael , Gouda Krishna Chandra , Golding Brian , Rogers Robert , Isaac George , Wilson Jim , Li Ping Wah Peter , Wulfmeyer Volker , Elmore Kim , Onvlee Jeanette , Chong Pei , Ladue James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWeather forecasts are the foundation of much of the information needed in the warnings we have been considering. To be useful, they require knowledge of the current atmospheric state as a starting point. In this chapter, we first look at the methods used to predict the weather and the resulting demands for observations. Then, we explore the wide variety of sensors and platforms used to obtain this information. There has been a long history of close working between sensor and platform designers and meteorologists that has produced spectacular advances in forecast accuracy. However, the latest high-resolution models require new approaches to obtaining observations that will require different collaborations. Examples are presented of partnerships in space observing and in aviation, a demonstration system from Canada, and the use of testbeds and observatories as environments for progress.
Existence Results for Double Phase Problem in Sobolev–Orlicz Spaces with Variable Exponents in Complete Manifold
Authors: Aberqi Ahmed , Bennouna Jaouad , Benslimane Omar , Ragusa Maria Alessandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of non-negative non-trivial solutions for a class of double-phase problems where the source term is a Caratheodory function that satisfies the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz type condition in the framework of Sobolev–Orlicz spaces with variable exponents in complete manifold. Our approach is based on the Nehari manifold and some variational techniques. Furthermore, the Hölder ine-quality, continuous and compact embedding results are proved.
Anthropomorphization and beyond: conceptualizing humanwashing of AI-enabled machines
Authors: Scorici Gabriela , Schultz Mario D. , Seele Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complex relationships between humans and AI-empowered machines have created and inspired new products and services as well as controversial debates, fiction and entertainment, and last but not least, a striving and vital field of research. The (theoretical) convergence between the two categories of entities has created stimulating concepts and theories in the past, such as the uncanny valley, machinization of humans through datafication, or humanization of machines, known as anthropomorphization. In this article, we identify a new gap in the relational interaction between humans and AI triggered by commercial interests, making use of AI through advertisement, marketing, and corporate communications. Our scope is to broaden the field of AI and society by adding the business-society-nexus. Thus, we build on existing research streams of machinewashing and the analogous phenomenon of greenwashing to theorize about the humanwashing of AI-enabled machines as a specific anthropomorphization notion. In this way, the article offers a contribution to the anthropomorphization literature conceptualizing humanwashing as a deceptive use of AI-enabled machines (AIEMs) aimed at intentionally or unintentionally misleading organizational stakeholders and the broader public about the true capabilities that AIEMs possess.
Benefits of simulating precipitation characteristics over Africa with a regionally-coupled atmosphere–ocean model
Authors: Weber Torsten , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry V. , Jacob Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh-quality climate information at appropriate spatial and temporal resolution is essential to develop and provide tailored climate services for Africa. A common method to produce regional climate change data is to dynamically downscale global climate projections by means of regional climate models (RCMs). Deficiencies in the representation of the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in earth system models (ESMs) and missing atmosphere–ocean interactions in RCMs contribute to the precipitation bias. This study analyzes the influence of the regional atmosphere–ocean coupling on simulated precipitation and its characteristics over Africa, and identifies those regions providing an added value using the regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model ROM. For the analysis, the MPI-ESM-LR historical simulation and emission scenario RCP8.5 were dynamically downscaled with ROM at a spatial resolution of 0.22° × 0.22° for the whole African continent, including the tropical Atlantic and the Southwest Indian Ocean. The results show that reduced SST warm biases in both oceans lead to more realistic simulated precipitation over most coastal regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and over southern Africa to varying degrees depending on the season. In particular, the annual precipitation cycles over the coastal regions of the Atlantic Ocean are closer to observations. Moreover, total precipitation and extreme precipitation indices in the coupled historical simulation are significantly lower and more realistic compared to observations over the majority of the analyzed sub-regions. Finally, atmosphere–ocean coupling can amplify or attenuate climate change signals from precipitation indices or even change their sign in a regional climate projection.
Auditory cortex modelled as a dynamical network of oscillators: understanding event-related fields and their adaptation
Authors: Hajizadeh Aida , Matysiak Artur , Wolfrum Matthias , May Patrick J. C. , König Reinhard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdaptation, the reduction of neuronal responses by repetitive stimulation, is a ubiquitous feature of auditory cortex (AC). It is not clear what causes adaptation, but short-term synaptic depression (STSD) is a potential candidate for the underlying mechanism. In such a case, adaptation can be directly linked with the way AC produces context-sensitive responses such as mismatch negativity and stimulus-specific adaptation observed on the single-unit level. We examined this hypothesis via a computational model based on AC anatomy, which includes serially connected core, belt, and parabelt areas. The model replicates the event-related field (ERF) of the magnetoencephalogram as well as ERF adaptation. The model dynamics are described by excitatory and inhibitory state variables of cell populations, with the excitatory connections modulated by STSD. We analysed the system dynamics by linearising the firing rates and solving the STSD equation using time-scale separation. This allows for characterisation of AC dynamics as a superposition of damped harmonic oscillators, so-called normal modes. We show that repetition suppression of the N1m is due to a mixture of causes, with stimulus repetition modifying both the amplitudes and the frequencies of the normal modes. In this view, adaptation results from a complete reorganisation of AC dynamics rather than a reduction of activity in discrete sources. Further, both the network structure and the balance between excitation and inhibition contribute significantly to the rate with which AC recovers from adaptation. This lifetime of adaptation is longer in the belt and parabelt than in the core area, despite the time constants of STSD being spatially homogeneous. Finally, we critically evaluate the use of a single exponential function to describe recovery from adaptation.