bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the identity development of the budding neuroscientist at postgraduate level: a mixed-method study with perspectives from alumni and academics
Authors: Sandrone Stefano , Ntonia Iro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Neuroscience represents one of the most exciting frontiers in scientific research. However, given the recency of neuroscience as a discipline, its inter- and multi-disciplinary nature, the lack of educational research on brain science training, the absence of a national or global benchmark and the numerous neuroscience subfields, the development of the academic neuroscientist identity across career stages remains obfuscated. Neuroscience is not predominantly taught at the undergraduate level but presents as a postgraduate specialism, accepting graduates from a wide range of primary disciplines.

Methods
This work represents the first mixed-method study exploring the development of the neuroscientist identity at the postgraduate level at a high-ranking, research-intensive UK University. It combines responses from standardised self-efficacy and professional identity questionnaires and qualitative data from nineteen semi-structured interviews with alumni and academics.

Results
Key findings on influences, identity transitions, curricular skills and sense of belonging have been discussed. The results obtained can be mapped against the theoretical framework proposed by Laudel and Gläser in 2008, although some minor changes to the model have been suggested.

Discussion
Implementing active learning strategies and experiential assessments, designing mentoring opportunities and creating spaces for interaction can favour the transition from students to neuroscientists and contribute to an inclusive and diverse neuroscientific community.
Enabling mental health task-sharing: a collective case study of undergraduate clinical associate training programmes in South Africa
Authors: Moodley Saiendhra Vasudevan , Wolvaardt Jacqueline , Grobler Christoffel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a shortage of the human resources needed to deliver mental health services which is likely to be exacerbated by COVID-19. Due to mental health workforce shortages, task-shifting and task-sharing approaches have been implemented in a number of countries. Clinical associates, a mid-level cadre working under the supervision of medical practitioners, could play a role in delivering mental health services but it is not clear if they are adequately prepared. This study explored the mental health curriculum content of the undergraduate clinical associate training programmes in South Africa and the views of key informants of the adequacy of training in mental health.

Methods
A qualitative collective case study approach was utilised for this multisite study at the three universities in South Africa offering clinical associate degrees. The study consisted of in-depth interviews utilising videoconferencing of individuals involved in each programme and a document review. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted.

Results
Nineteen interviews were conducted. Mental health formed part of the curriculum in all three programmes with the bulk of the training taking place in the final year of the three-year degree. Facility-based training ranged from two weeks to four weeks with one university only using hospitals with mental health units while two universities used hospitals at which the students were based for the year regardless of potential mental health exposure they would receive. The list of curricula inclusions extended to seldom-seen conditions. The quality of training and supervision appeared site-dependant and only one university set minimum experiential targets.

Conclusion
There is a basis on which to build the competencies and skills regarding mental health in this cadre. A training model that integrates mental health early in the undergraduate curriculum, focuses on common conditions and those with high disease burden, includes time in a mental health unit, provides facility-based trainers with detailed guidance to improve standardisation, and includes specific experiential targets that are monitored will enhance the potential utility of this cadre.
What can healthcare systems learn from looking at tensions in innovation processes? A systematic literature review
Authors: Haring Malte , Freigang Felix , Amelung Volker , Gersch Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Until now, scholarship on innovation processes in healthcare systems lack an in-depth appreciation of tensions. Tensions often revolve around barriers and result from individual assessments and prioritizations that guide actions to eventually overcome these barriers. In order to develop a more differentiated understanding of tensions’ role in healthcare innovation processes, this paper aims to shed light on the multifaceted ways in which tensions emerge, are being dealt with, and how they hinder or, at times, facilitate innovation processes.

Methods
A systematic review of published and grey literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The review involved searching three databases for original research articles and manually searching citations. Twenty-nine original full texts were identified, evaluated, and coded. These include papers on innovation in healthcare systems that investigated innovation-related organizational tensions. The findings were synthesized into different types of tensions in healthcare system innovation and the descriptions of the conflicting elements. We also analyzed the investigated innovations by type, process stages, and across different countries and healthcare systems.

Results
A total of forty-two tensions were identified and grouped into nine categories. Organizing tensions were predominant, followed by learning/belonging, performing, and performing/organizing tensions. Tensions most frequently occurred in the implementation phase and in the form of a dilemma. Included studies were conducted mainly in government-funded healthcare systems.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that innovation processes in healthcare systems are impaired by conflicts between contradictory elements, working cultures, and convictions and the organizational and regulatory context. Since the majority of the tensions we collected in our study can be addressed, future policy-making and research should take advantage of this fact and develop strategies that significantly influence the successful management of tensions and thus improve the implementation of innovations.
Improving perioperative management of surgical sets for trauma surgeries: the 4S approach
Authors: Ribes-Iborra Julio , Segarra Borja , Cortés-Tronch Victor , Quintana Javier , Galvain Thibaut , Muehlendyck Christian , Escalona Elena , Battaglia Suzanne , Navarrete-Dualde Jorge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The perioperative management of the surgical instruments and implants that comprise sets for trauma surgeries has been identified as a complex and resource-intensive activity due to non-standardized inventories, redundant surgical instruments and unnecessary sterilization cycles. The 4S Intelligent Trauma Care program aims to improve perioperative management and thereby reduce environmental impact by utilizing standardized inventories, a sterile implant portfolio, a barcode that enables a digital safety certification, and a digitized restocking service.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the introduction of the 4S program for the management of surgical sets in open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) trauma surgeries.

Methods
This was a single-center, quality improvement study of ORIF trauma surgeries, comparing the current practice (30 procedures) to the procedure following the introduction of the 4S program (30 procedures). The primary outcome was the proportion of procedures requiring only one sterilization cycle. Secondary outcomes were the number of sterilization cycles per procedure, set processing time across departments, total set processing costs, number of missing or damaged implants, number of cleaning cycles per procedure, time taken to assemble containers for sterilization, number of containers entering the autoclave per procedure, environmental impact, number of baskets entering the cleaning machine per procedure, and staff satisfaction.

Results
Introduction of the 4S program resulted in a reduction in the mean number of sterilization cycles required from 2.1 to 1.0 (p < 0.001). In the current practice, only 30.0% of procedure sets were sterilized within one cycle, compared to 100.0% following introduction of the 4S program (p < 0.001). A reduction in the mean set processing time of 24.1% in the OR and 35.3% in the sterilization department was observed. Mean set processing costs for the current practice were €81.23, compared to €50.30 following introduction of the 4S program. Furthermore, following the introduction of the 4S program, procedures were associated with significant reductions in water and electricity usage, and increased staff satisfaction.

Conclusions
This quality improvement study demonstrates the substantial time and cost savings, positive environmental impact and staff satisfaction that could be achieved by streamlining surgical set management through the 4S program. To our knowledge, this is the first study of this type and our findings may be instructive to other hospitals and surgical specialties.
Psychometric evidence of a perception scale about covid-19 vaccination process in Peruvian dentists: a preliminary validation
Authors: Cayo-Rojas César F. , Córdova-Limaylla Nancy , Briceño-Vergel Gissela , Ladera-Castañeda Marysela , Cachay-Criado Hernán , López-Gurreonero Carlos , Cornejo-Pinto Alberto , Cervantes-Ganoza Luis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
In the current pandemic context, dental professionals have greater occupational risks due to their healthcare activity, placing their expectations on the vaccine as a means of protection and at the same time hoping that the immunization process will be safe, reliable and comfortable, giving them greater peace of mind when they return to work. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop and provide a preliminary validation of a scale to measure perception of the COVID-19 vaccination process in Peruvian dental professionals.

Methods
Cross-sectional study with instrumental design. The scale was self-administered virtually. It was distributed through social networks to 220 dental professionals from two universities in the Peruvian capital between June and August 2021. The Aiken V was used for content analysis, while descriptive statistics such as mean, variance, kurtosis and skewness were used for construct validation, in addition to Pearson’s correlation matrix for analysis of the 18 items. Subsequently, a Parallel Analysis based on minimum rank factor analysis was performed. Finally, the reliability of the total scale and its dimensions was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha.

Results
The Aiken V coefficient values were favorable for all items. Parallel analysis indicated the existence of three dimensions. Principal component analysis with rotation suggested grouping eight items for the first dimension, six items for the second dimension and four items for the third dimension. These dimensions showed good reliability, as Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–0.90), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75–0.84) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.86), respectively. In addition, the overall reliability of the scale was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.91), being acceptable.

Conclusions
The perception scale of the COVID-19 vaccination process in dental professionals proved preliminarily to be a valid and reliable scale that can be used for research purposes. However, it is recommended to extend its application and evaluate its metric properties in other health professionals.
Study of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding patient education in hypertension among community pharmacists in China
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Yueyue , Xi Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the prevention and treatment of hypertension, patient education is an important measure to improve the awareness rate and control rate of patients. The professional and geographical advantages of community pharmacists enable them to play an important role in the patient education in hypertension. The purpose of this study was to understand the situation of patient education in hypertension conducted in Chinese community pharmacies, and put forward measures according to the problems.MethodsA multi-stage competitive sampling by convenience was used to select community pharmacists working in community pharmacies in China for the study. Based on KAP theory, the first draft of the questionnaire was designed and the Delphi method was used to improve the questionnaire and a pre-study was conducted to test the reliability of the questionnaire. In January 2020, electronic questionnaires were distributed to 143 community pharmacists in Chinese community pharmacies. SPSS24 software was used for descriptive statistics and subgroup analysis of data.ResultsOne hundred and eight valid questionnaires were collected, and the efficiency rate was 75.5%. Most of the respondents were younger than 30 years old (98.1%), and had bachelor’s degree (95.4%). In terms of knowledge, only 15.7% considered themselves "very good" and even 10.2% considered themselves "very bad". Only 35%-55% of respondents answered correctly for patient education content that requires more specialized knowledge, such as treatment and medication. Respondents generally had a positive attitude on the effect of hypertension patient education, but slightly less recognition of their role in patient education. In terms of practice, programs related to patient education have been conducted to different degrees. More than 30% of the community pharmacists interviewed implemented them occasionally or never.ConclusionsDespite a positive attitude, most of the respondents did not have a high level of knowledge or practice. In China, more research evidence and new guidelines are needed to emphasize the importance and responsibilities of community pharmacists. Continuing education should be certificated at the national level and meet the various needs of community pharmacists. And salary incentives can be tried to motivate them.
Genetic mechanisms underlying increased microalgal thermotolerance, maximal growth rate, and yield on light following adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Barten Robin , van Workum Dirk-Jan M. , de Bakker Emma , Risse Judith , Kleisman Michelle , Navalho Sofia , Smit Sandra , Wijffels Rene H. , Nijveen Harm , Barbosa Maria J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a powerful method for strain optimization towards abiotic stress factors and for identifying adaptation mechanisms. In this study, the green microalgaPicochlorumsp.BPE23was cultured under supra-optimal temperature to force genetic adaptation. The robustness and adaptive capacity ofPicochlorumstrains turned them into an emerging model for evolutionary studies on abiotic stressors such as temperature, salinity, and light.ResultsMutant strains showed an expanded maximal growth temperature of 44.6 °C, whereas the maximal growth temperature of the wild-type strain was 42 °C. Moreover, at the optimal growth temperature of 38 °C, the biomass yield on light was 22.3% higher, and the maximal growth rate was 70.5% higher than the wild type. Genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis were performed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the improved phenotype. A de novo assembled phased reference genome allowed the identification of 21 genic mutations involved in various processes. Moreover, approximately half of the genome contigs were found to be duplicated or even triplicated in all mutants, suggesting a causal role in adaptation.ConclusionsThe developed tools and mutant strains provide a strong framework from whereuponPicochlorumsp.BPE23can be further developed. Moreover, the extensive strain characterization provides evidence of how microalgae evolve to supra-optimal temperature and to photobioreactor growth conditions. With this study, microalgal evolutionary mechanisms were identified by combining ALE with genome sequencing.
Is there crosstalk between circadian clocks in plants and the rhizomicrobiome?
Authors: Xu Xinming , Dodd Antony N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCircadian clocks occur across the kingdoms of life, including some fungi and bacteria present in the root-associated soil known as the rhizosphere. Recent work from Amy Newman and colleagues, published in BMC Biology, has discovered that the circadian clock in Arabidopsis plants affects the rhythmicity of rhizosphere microbial communities This brings into play the exciting question of whether there is a bidirectional rhythmic interaction between plants and their rhizomicrobiome. Here, we discuss how the findings of Newman et al. suggest that soil microbiomes can have both self-sustained and plant-imposed rhythmicity, and the challenges of plant-microbiome circadian clock research.
The causal associations of circulating amino acids with blood pressure: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Chenhao , Sun Zhonghan , Mei Zhendong , Zeng Hailuan , Zhao Manying , Hu Jianying , Xia Mingfeng , Huang Tao , Wang Chaolong , Gao Xin , Zheng Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCirculating levels of amino acids were associated with blood pressure (BP) in observational studies. However, the causation of such associations has been hypothesized but is difficult to prove in human studies. Here, we aimed to use two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to evaluate the potential causal associations of circulating levels of amino acids with BP and risk of hypertension.MethodsWe generated genetic instruments for circulating levels of nine amino acids by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) in UK Biobank participants with metabolomic data (n = 98,317) and another published metabolomics GWAS (n = 24,925). Data on the associations of the genetic variants with BP and hypertension were obtained in the UK Biobank participants without metabolomic data (n = 286,390). The causal effects were estimated using inverse-variance weighted method.ResultsSignificant evidence consistently supported the causal effects of increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, i.e., leucine, isoleucine, and valine) levels on higher BP and risk of hypertension (allP < 0.006 after Bonferroni correction except forPleucine-on-diastolicBP = 0.008). For example, per standard deviation higher of genetically predicted isoleucine levels were associated with 2.71 ± 0.78 mmHg higher systolic BP and 1.24 ± 0.34 mmHg higher diastolic BP, as well as with 7% higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.07, [95% CI: 1.04–1.10]). In addition, per standard deviation higher of genetically predicted glycine level was associated with lower systolic BP (− 0.70 ± 0.17 mmHg,P = 4.04 × 10−5) and a lower risk of hypertension (0.99 [0.98–0.99],P = 6.46 × 10−5). In the reverse direction, genetically predicted higher systolic BP was associated with lower circulating levels of glycine (− 0.025±0.008,P = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for causal impacts of genetically predicted circulating BCAAs and glycine levels on BP. Meanwhile, genetically predicted higher BP was associated with lower glycine levels. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Combination of an autophagy inhibitor with immunoadjuvants and an anti-PD-L1 antibody in multifunctional nanoparticles for enhanced breast cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Cheng Yibin , Wang Caixia , Wang Huihui , Zhang Zhiwei , Yang Xiaopeng , Dong Yanming , Ma Lixin , Luo Jingwen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The application of combination therapy for cancer treatment is limited due to poor tumor-specific drug delivery and the abscopal effect.

Methods
Here, PD-L1- and CD44-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles were developed using a polymer complex of polyethyleneimine and oleic acid (PEI-OA) and loaded with two chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel and chloroquine), an antigen (ovalbumin), an immunopotentiator (CpG), and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 antibody).

Results
PEI-OA greatly improved the drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of the nanoplatform, while the anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly increased its cellular uptake compared to other treatment formulations. Pharmacodynamic experiments confirmed that the anti-PD-L1 antibody can strongly inhibit primary breast cancer and increase levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell at the tumor site. In addition, chloroquine reversed the “immune-cold” environment and improved the anti-tumor effect of both chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors, while it induced strong immune memory and prevented lung metastasis.

Conclusions
Our strategy serves as a promising approach to the rational design of nanodelivery systems for simultaneous active targeting, autophagy inhibition, and chemotherapy that can be combined with immune-checkpoint inhibitors for enhanced breast cancer treatment.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide improves dopamine metabolism and symptoms in an MPTP-induced model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Song Jiangbo , Liu Lian , Li Zhiquan , Mao Ting , Zhang Jianfei , Zhou Lei , Chen Xin , Shang Yunzhu , Sun Tao , Luo Yuxin , Jiang Yu , Tan Duan , Tong Xiaoling , Dai Fangyin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly populations, whereas there is no cure for PD so far. Novel animal models and medications await development to elucidate the aetiology of PD and attenuate the symptoms, respectively.

Methods
A neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was used in the current study to establish a PD pathologic model in silkworms. The time required to complete specific behaviours was recorded. Dopamine content was detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The activity of insect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was determined using a double-antibody sandwich method. Oxidative stress was assessed by changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of oxidative products.

Results
MPTP-treated silkworms were characterized by impaired motor ability, reduced dopamine content, and elevated oxidative stress level. The expression of TH, a dopamine biosynthetic enzyme within dopaminergic neurons in the brain, was significantly reduced, indicating that dopaminergic neurons were damaged. Moreover, MPTP-induced motility impairment and reduced dopamine level in the silkworm PD model could be rescued after feeding a combination of levodopa (L-dopa [LD]) and carbidopa (CD). MPTP-induced oxidative damage was also alleviated, in ways consistent with other PD animal models. Interestingly, administration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) improved the motor ability, dopamine level, and TH activity, and the oxidative damage was concomitantly reduced in the silkworm PD model.

Conclusions
This study provides a promising animal model for elucidating the pathogenesis of PD, as well as a relevant preliminary drug screening (e.g., LBP) and evaluation.