bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental Inflammation Leads to Abnormal Embryonic Heart Development
Authors: Ward Eleanor J. , Bert Serena , Fanti Silvia , Malone Kerri M. , Maughan Robert T. , Gkantsinikoudi Christina , Prin Fabrice , Volpato Lia Karina , Piovezan Anna Paula , Graham Gerard J. , Dufton Neil P. , Perretti Mauro , Marelli-Berg Federica M. , Nadkarni Suchita 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Placental heart development and embryonic heart development occur in parallel, and these organs have been proposed to exert reciprocal regulation during gestation. Poor placentation has been associated with congenital heart disease, an important cause of infant mortality. However, the mechanisms by which altered placental development can lead to congenital heart disease remain unresolved.

Methods:
In this study, we use an in vivo neutrophil-driven placental inflammation model through antibody depletion of maternal circulating neutrophils at key stages during time-mated murine pregnancy: embryonic days 4.5 and 7.5. Pregnant mice were culled at embryonic day 14.5 to assess placental and embryonic heart development. A combination of flow cytometry, histology, and bulk RNA sequencing was used to assess placental immune cell composition and tissue architecture. We also used flow cytometry and single-cell sequencing to assess embryonic cardiac immune cells at embryonic day 14.5 and histology and gene analyses to investigate embryonic heart structure and development. In some cases, offspring were culled at postnatal days 5 and 28 to assess any postnatal cardiac changes in immune cells, structure, and cardiac function, as measured by echocardiography.

Results:
In the present study, we show that neutrophil-driven placental inflammation leads to inadequate placental development and loss of barrier function. Consequently, placental inflammatory monocytes of maternal origin become capable of migration to the embryonic heart and alter the normal composition of resident cardiac macrophages and cardiac tissue structure. This cardiac impairment continues into postnatal life, hindering normal tissue architecture and function. Last, we show that tempering placental inflammation can prevent this fetal cardiac defect and is sufficient to promote normal cardiac function in postnatal life.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these observations provide a mechanistic paradigm whereby neutrophil-driven inflammation in pregnancy can preclude normal embryonic heart development as a direct consequence of poor placental development, which has major implications on cardiac function into adult life.
High Mobility Group Box 1 as an Autocrine Chemoattractant for Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in White Matter Stroke
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Jin Xuelian , Kim Hanki , Koh Seungyon , Cho Hyo Jin , Kim Byung Gon 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) is a key process of remyelination, which is essential for the treatment of white matter stroke. This study aimed to investigate the role of HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), a damage-associated molecular pattern released from dying oligodendrocytes, as an autocrine chemoattractant that promotes OPC migration.

Methods:
The migratory capacity of primary cultured OPCs was measured using the Boyden chamber assay. The downstream pathway of HMGB1-mediated OPC migration was specified by siRNA-induced knockdown or pharmacological blockade of TLR2 (toll-like receptor 2), RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product), Src, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2), and FAK (focal adhesion kinase). Conditioned media were collected from oxygen-glucose deprivation-treated oligodendrocytes, and the impact on OPC migration was assessed. Lesion size and number of intralesional Olig2(+) cells were analyzed in an in vivo model of white matter stroke with N5-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO).

Results:
HMGB1 treatment promoted OPC migration. HMGB1 antagonism reversed such effects to untreated levels. Among the candidates for the downstream signal of HMGB1-mediated migration, the knockdown of TLR2 rather than that of RAGE attenuated the migration-promoting effect of HMGB1. Further specification of the HMGB1-TLR2 axis revealed that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its downstream molecule FAK, rather than of Src, was decreased in TLR2-knockdown OPCs, and pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 and FAK led to decreased OPC migration. Oxygen-glucose deprivation-conditioned media promoted OPC migration, suggesting the autocrine chemoattractant function of HMGB1. In vivo, TLR2(−/−)-mice showed lesser intralesional Olig2(+) cells compared to wild-type controls in response to L-NIO induced ischemic injury regardless of HMGB1 administration.

Conclusions:
HMGB1, through the TLR2-ERK1/2-FAK axis, functions as an autocrine chemoattractant to promote OPC migration, which is an initial and indispensable step in remyelination. Thus, a novel treatment strategy for white matter stroke based on the HMGB1-TLR2 axis in the oligodendrocyte lineage could be feasible.
8. Global Citizenship
Authors: de Souza Carrijo Manuella Heloisa 
Published: December 2022

The word citizenship, a contested concept, emerges in different discourses that can hide contrasting interests. Differences in its meanings are enhanced with the changes in society through history. This chapter presents a discussion about mathematics education for citizenship and its outcomes. School presents itself as a stage of dispute and a space for expressing different ideologies that can configure ways of thinking and structuring an education on the topic of citizenship. Mathematics education is shown to be supportive of different citizenship discourses. In a globalised world with deep inequalities, a type of mathematics education for citizenship that matches with inclusion and diversity is required; one which considers global issues. The proposed landscape of investigation Global Visibility Matters is a possible support aid for mathematics classes, based on enabling students to develop
global citizenship. By reading and interpreting a social situation as being open to change, it becomes possible for the students to be recognised as—and to act as—global citizens.
RARE: The Regional Arctic Reanalysis
Authors: Carton James A. , Chepurin Gennady A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the new Regional Arctic Ocean/sea ice Reanalysis (RARE) with a domain that spans a subpolar/polar cap poleward of 45°N. Sequential data assimilation constrains temperature and salinity using World Ocean Database profiles as well as in situ and satellite SST, and PIOMAS sea ice thickness estimates. The 41-yr (1980–2020) RARE1.15.2 reanalysis with resolution varying between 2 and 5 km horizontally and 1–10 m vertically in the upper 100 m is examined. To explore the impact of resolution RARE1.15.2 is compared to a coarser-resolution SODA3.15.2, which uses the same modeling and data assimilation system. Improving resolution in the reanalysis system improves agreement with observations. It produces stronger more compact currents, enhances eddy kinetic energy, and strengthens along-isopycnal heat and salt transports, but reduces vertical exchanges and thus strengthens upper ocean haline stratification. RARE1.15.2 and SODA3.15.2 are also compared to the Hadley Center EN4.2.2 statistical objective analysis. In regions of reasonable data coverage such as the Nordic seas the three products produce similar time-mean distributions of temperature and salinity. But in regions of poor coverage and in regions where the coverage changes in time EN4.2.2 suffers more from those inhomogeneities. Finally, the impact on the Arctic of interannual temperature fluctuations in the subpolar gyres on the Arctic Ocean is compared. The influence of the subpolar North Pacific is limited to a region surrounding Bering Strait. The influence of the subpolar North Atlantic, in contrast, spreads throughout the Nordic seas and Barents Sea in all three products within two years.

Significance Statement
The Arctic Ocean/sea ice system plays crucial roles in climate variability and change by controlling the northern end of the oceanic overturning circulation, the equator to pole air pressure gradient, and Earth’s energy balance. Yet the historical ocean observation set is sparse and inhomogeneous, while ocean dynamics has challengingly fine horizontal and vertical scales. This paper introduces a new Regional Arctic Ocean/sea ice Reanalysis (RARE) whose goal is to use the combined constraints of mesoscale ocean dynamics, historical observations, surface meteorology, and continental runoff in a data assimilation framework to reconstruct historical variability. RARE is used to produce a 41-yr ocean/sea ice reanalysis 1980–2020 whose results are described here.
Historical Ocean Heat Uptake in Two Pairs of CMIP6 Models: Global and Regional Perspectives
Authors: Kuhlbrodt Till , Voldoire Aurore , Palmer Matthew D. , Geoffroy Olivier , Killick Rachel E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ocean heat content (OHC) is one of the most relevant metrics tracking the current global heating. Therefore, simulated OHC time series are a cornerstone for assessing the scientific performance of Earth system models and global climate models. Here we present a detailed analysis of OHC change in simulations of the historical climate (1850–2014) performed with two pairs of CMIP6 models: U.K. Earth System Model 1 (UKESM1.0) and HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL, and CNRM-ESM2-1 and CNRM-CM6-1. The small number of models enables us to analyze OHC change globally and for individual ocean basins, making use of a novel ensemble of observational products. For the top 700 m of the global ocean, the two CNRM models reproduce the observed OHC change since the 1960s closely. The two U.K. models (UKESM1.0-LL and HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL) compensate a lack of warming in the 0–700 m layer in the 1970s and 1980s with warming below 2000 m. The observed warming between 700 and 2000 m is substantially underestimated by all models. An increased relevance for ocean heat uptake in the Atlantic after 1991—suggested by observations—is picked up by the U.K. models but less so by the CNRM models, probably related to an AMOC strengthening in the U.K. models. The regional ocean heat uptake characteristics differ even though all four models share the same ocean component (NEMO ORCA1). Differences in the simulated global, full-depth OHC time series can be attributed to differences in the model’s total effective radiative forcing.
Observation of Near-Inertial Waves in the Bottom Boundary Layer of an Abyssal Seamount
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , Wang Yan , Liu Zhiyu , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Dake , Zhang Dongsheng , Wang Jiannan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The bottom boundary layer (BBL) contributes significantly to the global energy dissipation of low-frequency flows in the abyssal ocean, but how this dissipation occurs remains poorly understood. Using in situ data collected near the BBL at an abyssal seamount in the western Pacific Ocean, we demonstrate that strong bottom-trapped flows over sloping topography can lose their energy to near-inertial waves (NIWs) generated via the adjustment of the bottom Ekman layer. The NIWs with near-resonant frequencies corresponding to internal waves with propagation direction parallel to the topographic slope are observed. These waves are strongest in the BBL and have a correlation with the off-seamount subinertial flows largely attributed to the Ekman transport driven by the bottom-trapped anticyclonic circulation over the seamount. The bottom-intensified NIWs are observed to have dominant upward-propagating energy and hypothesized to be generated via Ekman flow–topography interactions in the BBL. Energy loss from the near-bottom flows to radiating NIWs (∼8 × 10−4 W m−2) is estimated to be substantially larger than that due to bottom drag dissipation (∼2 × 10−4 W m−2), suggesting the important role of internal-wave generation via the Ekman transport adjustment in damping the subinertial flows over the sloping seafloor.

Significance Statement
Dissipation of geostrophic currents and eddies via the oceanic bottom boundary layer (BBL) plays an important role in modulating the global oceanic mechanical energy budget. The bottom drag has long been considered a key process in inducing such dissipation, but it is recently suggested to be less effective at a sloping bottom. This study suggests another potentially important mechanism that can remove energy from the geostrophic flows at the sloping bottom. This mechanism is depicted as the resonant generation of near-inertial internal waves by near-bottom flows. Generation of internal waves due to near-bottom flows over sloping topography should be common in the global ocean and therefore have significant implications for the oceanic mechanical energy budget.
Estimates of Quality-Adjusted Life-Year Loss for Injuries in the United States
Authors: Raich William , Baxter Jennifer , Sheahan Megan , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy , Sullivan Patrick , Hanmer Janel 
Published: December 2022

Purpose The goal of this study is to develop an approach for estimating nationally representative quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) loss from injury and poisoning conditions using data collected in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Methods This study uses data from the 2002–2015 NHIS and MEPS surveys. Injuries were identified in the MEPS medical events file and through self-reporting of medical conditions. We restricted our model to 163,731 adults, for which we predict a total of 294,977 EQ-5D scores using responses to the self-administered questionnaire. EQ-5D scores were modeled using age, sex, comorbidities, and binary indicators of the presence and duration of injury at the time of the health status questionnaire. These models consider nonlinearity over time during the first 3 y following the injury event. Results Injuries are identified in MEPS using medical events that provide a reasonable proxy for the date of injury occurrence. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) decrements can be estimated using binary indicators of injury during different time periods. When grouped into 29 injury categories, most categories were statistically significant predictors of HRQL scores in the first year after injury. For these groups of injuries, mean first-year QALY loss estimates range from 0.005 (sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles, n = 7067) to 0.109 (injury to nerves and spinal cord, n = 71). Fewer estimates are significant in the second and third years after injury, which may reflect a return to baseline HRQL. Conclusion This research presents both a framework for estimating QALY loss for short-lived medical conditions and nationally representative, community-based HRQL scores associated with a wide variety of injury and poisoning conditions. Highlights This research provides a catalog of nationally representative, preference-based EQ-5D score decrements associated with surviving a large set of injuries, based on patient-reported health status. Mean first-year QALY loss estimates range from 0.005 (sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles, n = 7067) to 0.109 (injury to nerves and spinal cord, n = 71). This article presents a novel methodology for assessing quality-of-life impacts for acute conditions by calculating the time elapsed between injury and health status elicitation. Researchers may explore adapting these methods to study other short-lived conditions and health states, such as COVID-19 or chemotherapy.
Self-Compassion in Chinese Young Adults: Its Measurement and Measurement Construct
Authors: Zhao Mengya , Ford Tamsin , Smithson Janet , Wang Peng , Karl Anke 
Published: December 2022

Objectives Self-compassion is the ability to be kind to oneself in adversity. This multidimensional construct is typically assessed by the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). In Chinese samples, there have been inconsistent psychometric findings that impede cross-cultural research. This study aimed to explore the factor structure of the Chinese version (SCS-C). Methods Two samples of young Chinese adults were recruited (Sample 1, N = 465, 141 men, Mean age [ Mage] = 20.26; Sample 2, N = 392, 71 men; Mage = 18.97). Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to examine previously reported four- and six-factor structures of SCS-C. Results Although ESEM supported the six-factor structure when a problematic item was omitted, we found stronger evidence for a novel four-factor structure of the SCS-C revealed with self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and uncompassionate self-responding. This suggests that Chinese individuals have a different understanding of the negative components of the original self-compassion definition, which was based on the United States and other mostly Western samples. Omega coefficients of the bifactor models suggested that using the SCS total score in Chinese samples is inappropriate. However, high factor determinacy and construct replicability indicated that the general factor of SCS-C could be used in a structural equation modeling context for both four-factor and six-factor structures. Conclusions When using the existing SCS-C in path models, researchers should use a latent variable approach and establish the measurement construct rather than sum scores of the scale or subscales without checking the factor structure in future empirical studies. Also, the SCS-C needs to be revised, and we proposed directions forward for future research.
Childhood School Performance in Adults Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Vňuková Martina , Děchtěrenko Filip , Weissenberger Simon , Anders Martin , Ptáček Radek 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Children with ADHD often tend to underperform in school. This partial study aimed to find out if the school experience of adults with higher ADHD symptomatology differs from those with lower and no ADHD symptomatology. Method: Based on the results of ASRS questionnaires, the respondents were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) according to the manifested ADHD symptomatology. We explored their school experiences by looking at their grades for behavior at school, notes regarding their attendance, school expulsion, and other school experiences. Results: Children with higher ADHD symptomatology were significantly more likely to be expelled, receive notes for bad behavior, disturbing or forgetting as well as receive reprimands from teachers. Conclusion: Our results show that children with increased ADHD symptomatology experience more difficulties with school behavior, they are frequently reprimanded, and they do receive more negative feedback regarding their attendance and tardiness from teachers.
Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab therapies in diabetic macular edema with serous retinal detachment
Authors: Sirakaya Ender , Kilic Deniz , Aslan Sirakaya Hatice 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To compare the effects of ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab treatments in treatment-naive diabetic macular edema(DME) patients with serous retinal detachment(SRD). Material and methods This is a retrospective, comparative study. In a sample of 86 eyes of 86 untreated DME patients with accompanying SRD, 23 patients were treated with ranibizumab (IVR), 28 patients with aflibercept (IVA), and 35 patients with bevacizumab (IVB). All were injected intravitreally once a month for a 3-month loading dose. Subsequently, all participants were evaluated every months and if neccessary they received additional intravitreal treatments.Mean changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and SRD height over the 6-months study period were compared. Results At baseline, the groups did not differ in mean BCVA,CRT and SRD height. During the first 3 months, in IVA group the mean decrease in CRT and SRD height were significantly more than in the other two groups ( p < 0.05 for all). However, these differences disappeared at 6 months.The number of injections was similar between the groups during the study period. Conclusion In patients with DME accompanied by SRD, IVA is a more advantageous option in terms of reduction in CRT and SRD height from baseline to 3 months. In the 6-month period of treatment, IVR, IVA and IVB therapies areanatomically and functionally similar and significant effective modalities.
An Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behaviour of Polyalphaolefin (PAO4) Oil Modified with Cu/MnS Nanocomposites
Authors: Varalakshmi MV , Venugopal Reddy V 
Published: December 2022

The tribological behavior of Polyalphaolefin oil (PAO4) with the inclusion of Cu/MnS nanocomposites was investigated experimentally and compared with the behavior of the base oil operating with individual Cu and MnS nanoparticles. Cu/MnS nanocomposites with an average size of 98 nm were synthesized and used as additives in PAO4 base oil with concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 Wt%. Using a standard four-ball testing machine, the tribological properties of oil containing Cu/MnS nanocomposites were examined between steel/steel contacts. Using the friction torque data, the Coefficient of Friction (COF) was determined. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the Wear Scar Diameters (WSD) of the balls, which were also equipped with an Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX). PAO4 oil with Cu/MnS composites shown a better tribological performance than oil with mono nanoparticles. Also, among all samples, base oil with 0.6 wt. % concentration of Cu/MnS nanocomposites yielded excellent results. The COF decreased by 69.7%. The decrease in friction coefficient is due to the formation of a protective layer as a result of nanoparticles deposition on the rubbing surfaces. The wear behavior was modified due to the change during the frictional process from sliding friction to rolling friction. Graphical Abstract: [Formula: see text]
Telehealth in cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Burbury Kate , Brooks Peter , Gilham Leslie , Solo Ilana , Piper Amanda , Underhill Craig , Campbell Philip , Blum Robert , Brown Stephen , Barnett Frances , Torres Javier , Wang Xiaofang , Poole William , Grobler Anneke , Johnston Genevieve , Beer Cassandra , Cross Hannah , Wong Zee Wan 
Published: December 2022

Introduction The Victorian COVID-19 Cancer Network (VCCN) Telehealth Expert Working Group aimed to evaluate the telehealth (TH) experience for cancer patients, carers and clinicians with the rapid uptake of TH in early 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a prospective multi-centre cross-sectional survey involving eight Victorian regional and metropolitan cancer services and three consumer advocacy groups. Patients or their carers and clinicians who had TH consultations between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2020 were invited to participate in patient and clinician surveys, respectively. These surveys were opened from September to December 2020. Results The acceptability of TH via both video (82.9%) and phone (70.4%) were high though acceptability appeared to decrease in older phone TH users. Video was associated with higher satisfaction compared to phone (87.1% vs 79.7%) even though phone was more commonly used. Various themes from the qualitative surveys highlighted barriers and enablers to rapid TH implementation. Discussion The high TH acceptability supports this as a safe and effective strategy for continued care and should persist beyond the pandemic environment, where patient preferences are considered and clinically appropriate. Ongoing support to health services for infrastructure and resources, as well as expansion of reimbursement eligibility criteria for patients and health professionals, including allied health and nursing, are crucial for sustainability.