bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional gene silencing in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its application to regulate male fertility for hybrid seed production
Authors: Singh Manjit , Kumar Manish , Califf Kara E. , Cigan A. Mark 
Published: July 2022

SummaryTranscriptional gene silencing (TGS) can offer a straightforward tool for functional analysis of plant genes, particularly in polyploid species such as wheat, where genetic redundancy poses a challenge in applying mutagenesis approaches, including CRISPR gene editing. In this study, we demonstrate efficient TGS in wheat, mediated by constitutive RNA expression of a promoter inverted repeat (pIR). pIR‐mediated TGS of two anther‐specific genes, TaMs45 and TaMs1, abolished their function resulting in male sterility. Whilst TGS of TaMs45 required transcriptional silencing of all three homoeologs, a B‐genome‐specific pIR for TaMs1 was sufficient to confer male sterility. We further show that the pIRs effect TGS of TaMs45 gene through DNA methylation of homologous promoter sequence, successfully suppressing transcription of all three homoeologs. Applying pIR‐mediated TGS in wheat, we have generated a dominant male fertility system for production of hybrid seed and demonstrated the efficacy of this system under greenhouse and field conditions. This report describes the first successful TGS in wheat, whilst providing a dominant negative approach as alternative to gene knockout strategies for hybrid wheat breeding and seed production.
Three problems for the evolutionary debunking argument
Authors: Davis Oscar , Cox Damian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn attempting to debunk moral realism through an appeal to evolutionary facts, debunkers face a series of problems, which we label the problems of scope, corrosiveness, and post‐hoc justification. To overcome these problems, debunkers must assume certain metaphysical or epistemological positions, or otherwise pre‐establish them. In doing so, they must assume or pre‐establish the very conclusion they seek in advancing the argument. This means that such debunking arguments either beg the question against the moral realist or are undermined as standalone metaethical arguments.
Conservative invariant finite‐difference schemes for the modified shallow water equations in Lagrangian coordinates
Authors: Kaptsov Evgeniy I. , Dorodnitsyn Vladimir A. , Meleshko Sergey V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe one‐dimensional modified shallow water equations in Lagrangian coordinates are considered. Relations between symmetries and conservation laws in Lagrangian coordinates, in mass Lagrangian variables and Eulerian coordinates are discussed. For equations in Lagrangian coordinates, invariant finite‐difference schemes are constructed. These schemes admit all conservation laws, which are related to Lie symmetries admitted by the differential model via Noether's theorem: they possess the difference analogs of the conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, the law of center‐of‐mass motion for horizontal, inclined, and parabolic bottom topographies. The invariant conservative difference schemes are tested numerically in comparison with an ad hoc approximation‐invariant scheme.
Basic physics of hemodiafiltration
Authors: Pstras Leszek , Ronco Claudio , Tattersall James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStandard high‐flux hemodialysis (HD) clears urea very efficiently but is less efficient at clearing uremic toxins with larger molecule size, which diffuse more slowly. Hemodiafiltration (HDF) provides much higher convection rates, thereby reliably increasing the clearance of these larger toxins. However, the high ultrafiltration volumes employed by HDF significantly increase the concentration of proteins and lipids in the dialyzer blood compartment. This has the effect of increasing plasma viscosity, which opposes solute diffusion, and increasing plasma oncotic pressure, which opposes convection. The negatively charged plasma proteins also influence the equilibration of ions between dialysate and blood compartments. These effects result in varying conditions for solute transport along the length of the dialyzer and along the radial distance from the membrane within the dialyzer fibers. High‐flux dialyzers can be designed to augment solute diffusion and internal filtration, so that their performance approaches that of HDF. This avoids some of the mechanical complexity of HDF, but such enhanced dialyzers may be more difficult to manufacture, control and monitor. Here, we present and discuss the most important physical phenomena associated with HDF therapy, providing an overview of its main concepts and principles. In particular, we discuss the physics of solute diffusion and convection and the factors affecting them, and we compare predilution or postdilution HDF with enhanced HD.
Risk factor analysis for cytomegalovirus reactivation under prophylaxis with letermovir after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mizuno Kota , Sakurai Masatoshi , Kato Jun , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Abe Ryohei , Koda Yuya , Kataoka Keisuke , Mori Takehiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLetermovir has been approved as a novel cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylactic agent after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, there are still insufficient data to properly evaluate the real‐world role of letermovir, and the risk factors for CMV reactivation under letermovir prophylaxis have not been clarified.MethodsWe performed a single‐institution retrospective analysis of patients under prophylaxis with or without letermovir who underwent allogeneic HSCT between March 2012 and December 2019. In August 2018, letermovir was added to the clinical practice at our institution for the prophylaxis of CMV reactivation in allogeneic HSCT recipients. Patients who underwent HSCT without prophylactic letermovir from March 2012 until September 2018 served as a historical control.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of clinically significant CMV infection (CS‐CMVi) was significantly lower in the letermovir group than in the historical control group not receiving letermovir (30.2% vs. 71.6%, p < .05, at 100 days). In addition, the cumulative incidence of non‐relapse mortality (NRM) at day 500 was significantly lower in the letermovir group (4.7% vs. 19.8%, p < .05). We then performed a risk factor analysis for developing CS‐CMVi in the letermovir group. The only significant factor identified by this multivariable analysis was transplantation from a CMV seronegative donor to a seropositive recipient (Hazard ratio = 2.76, 95% confidence interval 1.14–6.68, p < .05).ConclusionOur study showed that letermovir prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of CS‐CMVi and NRM in a real‐world setting and that the CMV serostatus of the donor remained as a risk factor for CS‐CMVi even under letermovir prophylaxis.
Healthcare disparity and its associations with cytomegalovirus disease in pediatric liver transplant recipients in South Africa
Authors: Walabh Priya , Moore David P. , Paget Graham , Meyer Anja , Moshesh Porai Nthabaleng M. , Walabh Pravina , Palweni Sechaba T. , Hajinicolaou Christina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease are preventable complications following pediatric liver transplantation (PLT), despite the use of prophylaxis to minimize the risk of CMV disease. We evaluated the incidence and complications of CMV disease in PLT recipients in South Africa (SA), with particular reference to potential differences in outcome between state and private sector patients.MethodsMedical records of patients younger than 16 years of age who received liver transplants between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2018 were analyzed.ResultsRecords of all 150 PLT patients were retrieved. The median age at transplant was 29.2 months (95% confidence interval 15.6–58.4) and follow‐up was 46.3 months (interquartile range 27.6–63.1). Sixty‐six (44%) patients were high risk, 79 (52.7%) were intermediate risk, and five (3.3%) were low risk for CMV infection. Forty‐three (28.9%) patients had CMV DNAemia following transplantation, and 30 (20.1%) developed CMV disease. Receipt of care in the private sector was consistently associated with a lower hazard of CMV disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] ranging from 0.36 to 0.43) and a consistently lower hazard of death among recipients at high risk for CMV disease and/or those who developed CMV disease (aHR ranging from 0.28 to 0.33).ConclusionReceipt of care in the private health sector was associated with a consistently lower hazard of CMV disease and death in individuals with CMV disease and/or at high risk for CMV disease. Policies aimed at creating a more equitable healthcare system in SA may mitigate the differential burden of illness associated with CMV in PLT recipients.
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Acute kidney injury in dogs following ingestion of cream of tartar and tamarinds and the connection to tartaric acid as the proposed toxic principle in grapes and raisins
Authors: Wegenast Colette A. , Meadows Irina D. , Anderson Rachele E. , Southard Teresa , González Barrientos Cristy Rocío , Wismer Tina A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo (1) describe exposure history, clinical signs, treatment, and diagnostic findings in 4 dogs following ingestion of tamarinds, and in 2 dogs following ingestion of cream of tartar, and (2) discuss tartaric acid, the common denominator, as the proposed toxic principle in tamarinds and grapes.Series SummaryReports in which dogs developed acute kidney injury following ingestion of cream of tartar or tamarinds were identified from the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center electronic database. In these cases, decontamination was not performed, and treatments were delayed. Despite IV fluids and symptomatic and supportive care, 2 of the dogs became anuric and 1 became oliguric. Four dogs were euthanized, and the outcome is unknown for 2 of the dogs. Necropsies were performed on 3 of the dogs. Clinical signs, laboratory findings, and histopathologic lesions were similar to those reported in grape and raisin toxicosis.New or Unique Information ProvidedAcute kidney injury may develop following ingestion of cream of tartar or tamarinds in dogs. Connecting these reports with findings in grape and raisin toxicosis and the sensitivity to tartaric acid in dogs, tartaric acid is identified as the likely toxic component in grapes and tamarinds.
Early diagnosis of amanitin exposure (amatoxicosis) in a dog with a point‐of‐care diagnostic test
Authors: Kaae Jennifer A. , Bever Candace S. , Poppenga Robert H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the rapid diagnosis, treatment, and clinical course of a dog that ingested an amanitin‐containing mushroom.Case SummaryA 2‐month‐old female intact Australian Shepherd presented with diarrhea and vomiting, along with a possible mushroom exposure. Upon presentation, the dog's urine was collected and tested positive by a point‐of‐care rapid diagnostic test specific for detecting amanitins, the causative agents of amatoxicosis.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of amatoxicosis that was diagnosed using a point‐of‐care test prior to starting treatment. An early diagnosis helps to guide early treatment decisions in this frequently fatal toxicosis.
Employing deep convolutional neural networks for segmenting the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in CT studies of dogs
Authors: Schmid David , Scholz Volkher B. , Kircher Patrick R. , Lautenschlaeger Ines E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile still in its infancy, the application of deep convolutional neural networks in veterinary diagnostic imaging is a rapidly growing field. The preferred deep learning architecture to be employed is convolutional neural networks, as these provide the structure preferably used for the analysis of medical images. With this retrospective exploratory study, the applicability of such networks for the task of delineating certain organs with respect to their surrounding tissues was tested. More precisely, a deep convolutional neural network was trained to segment medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in a study dataset consisting of CT scans of canine heads. With a limited dataset of 40 patients, the network in conjunction with image augmentation techniques achieved an intersection‐overunion of overall fair performance (median 39%, 25 percentiles at 22%, 75 percentiles at 51%). The results indicate that these architectures can indeed be trained to segment anatomic structures in anatomically complicated and breed‐related variating areas such as the head, possibly even using just small training sets. As these conditions are quite common in veterinary medical imaging, all routines were published as an open‐source Python package with the hope of simplifying future research projects in the community.
Modified Toyoda technique for total cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat
Authors: Maeta Noritaka , Kutara Kenji , Saeki Kanna , Hoshi Fumio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo report the technique and outcome of a cat treated with a total cystectomy and bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy.AnimalsA 16‐year‐old male castrated domestic shorthair cat.Study designCase report.Case presentationA cat was referred after a 2‐week history of pollakiuria and hematuria. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was suspected based on ultrasonographic, cytologic, and contrast computed tomographic (CT) findings. A total cystectomy was combined with a modified cutaneous ureterostomy: the ureter, incised like a fish‐mouth aperture, was anastomosed to the skin after the creation of a rectangular‐shaped defect. Complete excision of a TCC was confirmed histologically.ResultsUreteral stents were removed 7 days (left) and 28 days (right) postoperatively. The cat's incontinence was managed with an absorbent diaper surrounding the ureteral stomata. The right ureter became obstructed 14 months after surgery, and the cat died at home approximately 16 months after surgery. In spite of the urinary incontinence, the owner was satisfied with the surgery and evaluated the cat's quality of life as satisfactory.ConclusionsThe total cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy described here allowed urinary excretion and resulted in long‐term survival of a cat with bladder TCC.
Novel Eddy Current Array Sensor Delivery Tool for Automated Nondestructive Examination of Spent Fuel Pool Liner
Authors: Smith Michael , Abbate Emily , Phillips Joey , Yoon Byungsik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inspection of a spent fuel pool (SFP) liner of a nuclear power plant is important to validate the integrity of this component to perform its intended function (e.g., confirm that there are not any defects in the pool liner). Eddy current array (ECA) testing offers a reliable and sensitive nondestructive examination (NDE) technique to inspect SFP liners but requires a delivery system to transport the ECA sensor to these hard-to-reach and harsh environment locations. This work presents an ECA sensor delivery tool design for use with inspection of an SFP. The design for a payload delivery tool proof-of-concept model is proposed that can transport an ECA sensor with positional feedback. The tool allows the sensor to traverse the wall of a nuclear SFP liner, with both horizontal and vertical motion capabilities to support positioning and inspection. The tool provides both manual and automatic operating modes with variable speeds. Computational-based simulations and analysis validate that the performance requirements for the ECA sensor delivery tool are satisfied to support inspection of an SFP liner upper region.
Numerical Simulations of Fluid Transport in Heterogeneous Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman Layers
Authors: Alokaily Samer A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The coupling of parallel flow, in a three-layer channel, with the main fluid flow sandwiched between two Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman (DFB) permeable layers of varying porousness is investigated in this work. A single binary model is proposed to characterize the flow through the channel. Within the transition porous layers, the reciprocal of the permeability is represented by a polynomial of degree n. Due to the lack of an analytical framework in this regard, cutting-edge computational tools are used to provide a novel insight into fluid dynamics in heterogeneous porous media (HPM). In this context, a solver capable of simulating heterogeneous porous media is created by modifying an open source software package openfoam's steady-state finite volume solver. The solver has first been checked and approved for the case of homogeneous porous media using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and numerical data from previous literature. Then, a parametric study is conducted to identify the effect of a specific set of medium variables on flow characteristics and transport efficiency. The variables that can be changed include the Darcy number, permeability degree, free-space layer thickness, Reynolds number, and pressure gradient.
Dual-Mode Synchronization Predictive Control of Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Dachang Zhu , Aodong Cui , Baolin Du , Puchen Zhu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To reduce the contour error of the end-effector of a robotic manipulator during trajectory tracking, a dual-mode synchronization predictive control is proposed. First, the dynamic model of n-degree-of-freedom (n-DOF) robotic manipulator is discretized by using the Taylor expansion method, and the mapping relationship between the joint error in joint space and the contour error in task space is constructed. Second, the synchronization error and the tracking error in joint space are defined, and the coupling error of joints is derived through the coupling coefficient λ. Third, a dual-mode synchronization predictive control is proposed, and the stability of the proposed control system is guaranteed using constraint set conditions. Finally, numerical simulation and experimental results are shown to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Epidemiology of Rink Hockey-Related Injuries
Authors: Quintana-Cepedal Marcos , Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Crespo Irene , del Valle Miguel , Olmedillas Hugo 
Published: July 2022

Context: Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing, and evaluating injury prevention programs. The aim of this study was to examine the injuries sustained by semiprofessional Spanish rink hockey players and to compare data per playing position. Design: Observational and retrospective. Methods: Athletes from 21 teams were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire to screen for incidence, injury burden, location, tissue, and onset of injuries. Results: Overall, 101 time loss injuries were reported across 22,241 hours of exposure, giving rise to an incidence rate of 4.5/1000 hours. The main body regions injured were the hip/groin, shoulder, thigh, and head, accounting altogether for 47.5% of all injuries. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, comprising 27.7% of all injuries. Incidence accounted for 3.1/1000 hours during training and 23/1000 hours during games (P < .001). A high number of injuries were caused by contact (46.5%). No differences were found for any of the variables analyzed between outfield players and goalkeepers. Conclusion: The injury incidence in rink hockey is moderate, occurring mainly due to a contact mechanism. Preventative measurements should be implemented in rink hockey with a special concern for injuries affecting the hip/groin and head.
Angle-Specific Isokinetic Shoulder Rotational Strength Can be Reliably Assessed in Collision and Contact Athletes
Authors: Fanning Edel , Falvey Eanna , Daniels Katherine , Cools Ann 
Published: July 2022

An increased understanding of rotational strength as a potential prognostic factor for injury in contact and collision athletes may be important in planning return to sport. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the test–retest reliability of clinically relevant, angle-specific rotational and peak torque measurements in a cohort of uninjured collision and contact athletes; (2) develop a normal descriptive profile of angle-specific rotational torque measurements in the same cohort; and (3) examine the effects of direction and joint angle on shoulder rotational strength interlimb asymmetries. Twenty-three collision and contact athletes were recruited for the interday reliability substudy and 47 athletes were recruited for the remaining substudies. We used intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals to quantify interday reliability of all variables. We used a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance to analyze differences in absolute interlimb asymmetries. Interday reliability for the isokinetic strength variables was good to excellent (0.78–0.90) on the dominant side and moderate to good (0.63–0.86) on the nondominant side. Maximum angle-specific torque (as well as peak torque) can be measured reliably in internally and externally rotated positions. A normal profile of clinically relevant, angle-specific shoulder rotational torque measurements for collision and contact athletes has been established which provides a reference when assessing shoulder strength in this population.
A Dynamical Approach to the Uncontrolled Manifold: Predicting Performance Error During Steady-State Isometric Force Production
Authors: Grover Francis M. , Andrade Valéria , Carver Nicole S. , Bonnette Scott , Riley Michael A. , Silva Paula L. 
Published: July 2022

The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach quantifies the presence of compensatory variability between musculoskeletal elements involved in a motor task. This approach has proved useful for identifying synergistic control strategies for a variety of everyday motor tasks and for investigating how control strategies are affected by motor pathology. However, the UCM approach is limited in its ability to relate compensatory motor variance directly to task performance because variability along the UCM is mathematically agnostic to performance. We present a new approach to UCM analysis that quantifies patterns of irregularity in the compensatory variability between motor elements over time. In a bimanual isometric force stabilization task, irregular patterns of compensation between index fingers predicted greater performance error associated with difficult task conditions, in particular for individuals who exploited a larger set of compensatory strategies (i.e., a larger subspace of the UCM). This relationship between the amount and structure of compensatory motor variance might be an expression of underlying processes supporting performance resilience.