bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual attitude and behavior among medical students
Authors: Sinha Setu , Shree Shubham , Kumar Shishir , Singh Tulika , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Varsha , Chaudhary Sanjay 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Human behavior including sexual activity is mostly culturally bound; particularly individuals at a younger age do build their sexual knowledge through various sources like by forming intimacy with similar age group individuals and use of media or literature available for the information. Values and beliefs about sexuality are manifested in a person’s individual sexual behaviors based on family, religion and socio-cultural influence on knowledge about sexuality and sexual experiences. However, modernization may have inadvertently changed people’s attitudes and permissiveness among sexually active youths in our society.

Methodology:
This study adapted a cross-sectional descriptive-cum-exploratory research design conducted in an in-group of a single educational institute. A structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information from the subjects. This study aims to receive information about the knowledge, practices and attitudes regarding sexual behavior among 340 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Patna, Bihar.

Results:
This study showed significant findings regarding changing attitudes of the new generation toward sex and sexual practices as 78.5% of respondents were found between the age group of 20–25 years among which 58.5% were males and 41.5% were females. The average age of sexual debut was found to be 21 years among which 97.3% of the participants were heterosexual. Gender and religion were significantly associated with few components of sexual attitudes.

Conclusion:
Sex is one of the most sensitive aspects of a human life which is not usually talked about in open space and requires a lot of privacy in thoughts and practices. There is a strong need to introduce age-appropriate sexual knowledge at school and college level to establish healthy sexual attitudes among the young generation. As medical health practitioners, it is necessary to disseminate appropriate guidance and non-biased services to the welfare of the beneficiaries shaping their sexual attitudes for responsible and safe sexual practices.
Role of cystatin C and calprotectin as potential early prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19 patients admitted to a dedicated COVID care facility
Authors: Kumar Tribhuwan , Bhushan Divendu , Kumar Sushil , Jha Kamlesh , Verma Punam , Ganguly Abhimanyu , Kumar Yogesh , Zabihullah Md 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives. A tool for early prediction of severity and mortality risk is desirable for better utilization of health care facilities. Several biomarkers like D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and some recently explored biomarkers like serum cystatin C and serum calprotectin have been proposed as prognostic markers of COVID-19, but their role as prognostic markers is so far undefined. The present work attempted to investigate the possible role of serum cystatin C and serum calprotectin as prognostic tools to predict severity and outcome ahead of time.

Material and Methods:
This observational cohort study was carried out on 95 COVID-19 patients admitted to a dedicated COVID care facility from mid-October 2020 to January 2021. Serial estimations of serum cystatin C and serum calprotectin levels were done and assessed for significant difference between severe (NEWS 2 score ≥5) and non-severe (NEWS 2 score <5) groups, survivors and deceased and on the basis of comorbidities at each time points. Survival analysis was done based on the optimal thresholds for severity and mortality, calculated from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC).

Result:
The results showed that median cystatin C levels were significantly higher on the first day in the severe group (P < 0.001) and in patients with cardiovascular disease (P < 0.05), chronic lung disease (P = 0.009) and among patients who died (P < 0.05). It remained raised on day 3 in severe (P < 0.05) and deceased (P < 0.05) group. Serum calprotectin levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic lung disease (P = 0.008) and in those who died (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Serum cystatin C could be used as a tool for early prognosis and therapeutic decision-making for COVID-19 patients. Serum calprotectin seems to be a better marker of critical illness.
Impact of routine footwear on foot health
Authors: Umar Haddaya , Idrees Wajeeha , Umar Wardah , Khalil Anish , Rizvi Zuhair A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain requiring medical attention. The clear understanding of the long-term impact routine footwear has on plantar fasciitis is essential as any slight changes in shoe selection could possibly prevent the wearer from substantial discomfort and disability. Thus this study was planned to investigate impact of routine footwear on foot health by highlighting different features of the shoes worn daily by the people having plantar fasciitis.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the orthopedics’ outpatient department of a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan. Data was collected using non-probability convenient sampling from 101 people diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. Their routine footwear was categorized as appropriate or inappropriate on basis of heel height, sole thickness, and insole type (hard/cushioned/arched). Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire and analysed by applying descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests.

Results:
The majority (83.2%) of the people wear inappropriate shoes, whereas only 16.8% wear the recommended shoes, i.e., with heel height between 0.5-4 cm, thick soles, and arched or cushioned insoles. About 82.2% of plantar fasciitis patients reported wearing shoes of minimal heel height and 55.5% wore shoes with hard, non-cushioned insole without built-in arch support. Participants who wear inappropriate shoes experience more severe heel pain (P 0.013) which limits their daily activities.

Conclusions:
Footwear plays an important role in causing plantar fasciitis as the majority of the diagnosed cases wear inappropriate shoes with minimal heel height, thin sole, and hard insole without any built-in arch support.
Prevalence and associated factor of depression symptoms among female secondary school students in Buraydah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alenzi Ghadeer S. , Suliaman Amel A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Nowadays depression is becoming one of the commonest and growing chronic disorders worldwide, especially in adolescents since they go through a sensitive stage with many physical, psychological, and cognitive changes. Prevalence of depression rises substantially throughout adolescence with female preponderance.

Objective:
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors of depression among secondary school girls in Buraydah, Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.

Subject and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in secondary school girls section aged 15–19 years living at Buraydah city. A structured pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from 236 female students from 10 secondary schools. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Written consent was taken before filling the questionnaire.

Results:
The prevalence rate of depression was 21.6%. Out of 51 depressed students, 23 (45.1%) have moderately severe depression and 19 (37.3%) were severely depressed. Only 9 (17.6%) were mildly depressed. A significant statistical relationship was detected between depression and risk factors such as the personal history of depression, exposure to sexual assault exposure to emotional or physical violence, losing a loved one, family, relative, or friend, and negative family relationship (P value < 0.05). No statistically significant relationship was found between depression and sociodemographic characteristics.

Conclusion:
The present study indicates that depression is as prevalent among secondary school girls as almost one in five was reported depression. We need more studies to measure the prevalence and determine risk factors for depression in adolescents in this region and other regions. The need is for educational programs about depression, impact, and risk factors for adolescents, parents, and teachers.
Impact of topical moxifloxacin prophylaxis and povidone iodine on conjunctival bacterial flora in patients receiving intravitreal injections in a tertiary healthcare center in India
Authors: Priya Gayathri , Sahu Yamini , Aggarwal Rita 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy of 3 days of topical moxifloxacin in combination with povidone–iodine (PVI) versus moxifloxacin/PVI alone in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora in patients scheduled to undergo intravitreal injections (IVI).

Patients and Methods:
A prospective randomized comparative study in which 120 patients scheduled to undergo IVI at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi were selected. Study patients were randomized into two groups. Both the groups received self-administration of moxifloxacin for 3 days prior to injection, except in Group B where it was preceded by PVI. Cultures were obtained at different time intervals, such as in Group A before and after applying moxifloxacin (for 3 days) and once again after applying PVI just before the procedure in the operating room, whereas in Group B first two samples were taken before and after applying PVI and the last sample was taken on the day of the procedure after 3 days of moxifloxacin application.

Results:
A statistical significance was seen between moxifloxacin prophylaxis and resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (P = 0.0001), which implies that frequent use of antibiotic prophylaxis will ultimately lead to the formation of resistant organisms in the conjunctival flora, especially when repeated IVI are given.

Conclusion:
We could not establish any additional benefits of topical moxifloxacin prophylaxis with regard to a reduction in conjunctival flora when compared with PVI 5%. PVI can be used as an efficient monotherapy in patients undergoing repeated IVI.
Profile of Spinal Tumor Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Indonesia in 2015–2021
Authors: Akbar Pratama Dilli Marayuzan , Ompusunggu Sevline Estethia , Dahlan Rully Hanafi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Spinal tumors comprise some of the neurological disorders that affect the spine. Primary tumors originate from the spine while metastatic tumors are related to the tumors of near or distant organs. This results in a variety of locations of the affected spinal cord, diagnosis, treatment, and surgical procedures performed in patients. Data and research on the profile of spinal tumor patients are still rare in Indonesia.

Methods:
This study was conducted using secondary data with a retrospective descriptive method. Data were collected for 2015–2021 using total sampling technique from medical records of 122 patients with spinal tumors in The Neurosurgery Department, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.

Results:
The highest incidence rate in spinal tumor patients occurred in female patients (59.9%) and in the age group of 40–60 years (47.5%), with the most common location of the affected spinal cord on the level of the thoracic spine (65.5%). The majority of patients was diagnosed with schwannoma dd meningioma (27.1%). The most widely performed surgical procedure and treatment was laminectomy tumor removal (43.4%). The peak age was between 40 and 60 years old, with schwannoma dd meningioma as the most common diagnosis and type, while the majority of metastatic tumors occurred in more than 60 years old. The thoracic spine was found to be the most frequent location of the affected spinal cord.

Conclusion:
Further evaluation of management and follow-up studies need to be done to improve the implementation of treatment for patients and optimize patient’s quality of life.
Status of resource recycling stations in Taiwan and recycling work-related health effects
Authors: Hung Chung-Shan , Yiin Lih-Ming , Yen Chia-Feng , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Hsieh Jyh-Gang , Tseng Chun-Chieh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resource recycling has become an integral part of environmental protection efforts. At present, the development of Taiwan’s resource recovery and related works are quite mature. However, laborers or volunteers working in resource recycling stations may be exposed to different types of hazards during the recycling process. These hazards can be divided into biological, chemical, and musculoskeletal problems. These hazards are usually related to the work environment and work habits; therefore, a related control strategy is needed. Tzu Chi’s recycling business has been running for over 30 years. In addition to leading the trend of resource recycling in Taiwan, many elderly people have also participated in Tzu Chi recycling stations as volunteers. These older volunteers may be more sensitive to exposure to hazards, and thus the focus of this review is to illustrate the possible hazards and health impacts of resource recovery work and to recommend relevant interventions to improve occupational health during resource recovery work.
Myopia control utilizing low-dose atropine as an isolated therapy or in combination with other optical measures: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Erdinest Nir , London Naomi , Lavy Itay , Levinger Nadav , Pras Eran , Morad Yair 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

PURPOSE:
To assess the additive potency of low-dose atropine combined with optical measures designed to decrease myopia progression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This retrospective study included 104 myopic children aged 5–12 over 4 years, divided into five groups: daily instillation of 0.01% atropine and distance single-vision spectacles (A), 0.01% atropine and progressive addition lenses (A + PAL), 0.01% atropine and soft contact lens with peripheral blur (A + CL). Two control groups were included, prescribed bifocal spectacles or single vision (SV) spectacles. Cycloplegic spherical equivalence refraction was measured biannually, including 1 year after cessation of treatment.

RESULTS:
A significant decrease in myopia progression was noted during the 2nd and 3rd years of atropine treatment: A −0.55 ± 0.55D, −0.15 ± 0.15, −0.12 ± 0.12D were 1st, 2nd, 3rd years, respectively, A + PAL −0.47 ± 0.37D, −0.10 ± 0.25D, and −0.11 ± 0.25D were 1st, 2nd, 3rd years, respectively, A + CL −0.36 ± 0.43D, −0.13 ± 0.29D, and −0.10 ± 0.27D were 1st, 2nd, 3rd years, respectively. Myopia progression over 3 years, respectively, was −0.82 ± 0.50D, −0.70 ± 0.69D, −0.59 ± 0.66D in the bifocal group and −1.20 ± 1.28D, −0.72 ± 0.62D, −0.65 ± 0.47D in the SV group. One year after cessation of atropine treatment, myopia progression was − 0.32 ± 0.31D in A, −0.23 ± 0.28D in A + PAL, and −0.18 ± 0.35D in A + CL.

CONCLUSION:
Atropine 0.01% presented as effective at decelerating myopia progression, more prominent in the 2nd and 3rd years of treatment. Combining atropine 0.01% with optical modalities exhibited a trend for added efficacy over monotherapy. A + CL exhibited the least rebound effect 1 year after cessation of treatment.
Private Sector Contributions to National Malaria Surveillance Systems in Elimination Settings: Lessons Learned from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam
Authors: Potter Rebecca , Tesfazghi Kemi , Poyer Stephen , Eliades M. James 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Comprehensive malaria case surveillance is necessary to achieve and sustain malaria elimination. In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), the private sector plays a substantial role in malaria treatment. Yet, none of the six GMS countries collects complete case data from private sector points-of-care. Between 2016 and 2019, the GMS Elimination of Malaria through Surveillance program supported national malaria programs in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam to execute elimination strategies by engaging the private sector in malaria case management, generating private sector case data, and integrating these data into national surveillance systems. The project enrolled 21,903 private sector outlets, covering between 52% and 80% of the private sector in targeted geographies, which were trained and equipped to perform rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and report malaria case data. By 2019, the private providers enrolled in the program reported a total of 3,521,586 suspected cases and 96,400 confirmed malaria cases into national surveillance systems, representing 16% of the total reported caseload by these countries (Cambodia, 25%; Lao PDR, 5%; Myanmar, 12%; Vietnam, 8%). Results demonstrated that with comprehensive support, such as training, provision of free or subsidized RDTs, first-line treatments, and routine supportive supervision, private providers can provide quality malaria case management and achieve high reporting rates.
Case Report: Disseminated Burkholderia pseudomallei with Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis and Abscess Formation
Authors: Harris Julian , Smith Simon , Ng Soong Zheng , Sinha Ashim , Hanson Josh 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Melioidosis has a highly variable presentation. Almost any organ can be involved, although an antemortem diagnosis of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) has not, to our knowledge, been described previously. A 68-year-old Australian male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with fever, odynophagia, and thyroid function tests that were consistent with hyperthyroidism. Imaging demonstrated a lung abscess and an enlarged thyroid gland with three nodules. Blood cultures and fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid nodules grew Burkholderia pseudomallei. He received intravenous ceftazidime with concurrent oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for 4 weeks followed by high-dose oral TMP/SMX for a further 3 months and made a complete recovery. Acute suppurative thyroiditis is an uncommon cause of hyperthyroidism and thyroid aspirates are not commonly sent for bacterial culture. The case highlights the need to consider AST in patients presenting with a hyperthyroid state and disseminated infection. It also demonstrates that in a case of disseminated melioidosis any symptom may be a clue to underlying metastatic infection.
F Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi pada Pra Lansia di Desa Rantau Panjang Kiri Kecamatan Kubu Babussalam
Authors: Nababan Agnes Sry Vera 
Published: August 2022

Introduction : Hypertension is an important health problem because of its high prevalence and can lead to cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to determine what risk factors affect the incidence of hypertension in pre-elderly in Rantau Panjang Kiri Village, Kubu Babussalam District.
Method : This research was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. by using Simple Random Sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. The research population was pre-elderly in Rantau Panjang Kiri Village. The sample were 160 respondents, namely 80 cases (hypertension) and 80 controls (not hypertension).
Result : There was a genetic risk with the incidence of hypertension with p-value = 0.000 < .05 and OR = 16.714, physical activity with p-value = 0.000<.05 and OR = 4.421, sodium intake with p-value = 0.000 < .05 and OR = 5.858, nutritional status with p-value = .004 < .05 and OR = 2.772, smoking habit with p-value = .001 < .05 and OR = 3.211 and there was no risk between gender and the incidence of hypertension with p-value = .155 < .05 and OR = 1.653. The dominant risk factor for hypertension was genetic with p-value = 0.000 < .05 and OR 16.489.
Conclusion : For the pre-elderly who have a family history of hypertension, it is better to do regular blood pressure checks so that the pre-elderly blood pressure can be kept under control, for the elderly with obesity and insufficient/regular physical activity, it is better to maintain an ideal body weight and do adequate/regular physical activity.
Prevalence of arterial hypertension in liver cirrhosis and correlation with the severity of liver disease
Authors: El Gazzar Nabila Abd El Nasser , Ali Lobna Abo , Yousef Mohamed , Elfert Asem 
Published: August 2022

Background and aim: Metabolic diseases and hypertension have increased dramatically in recent years, so the prevalence of hypertension in patients with cirrhosis is expected to increase. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis and to determine its association with the severity of the liver disease. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at the Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt. A total of 2051 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiology were screened for participation in this study. 2014 patients were enrolled. They underwent blood pressure evaluation, blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography. Patients were classified into hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. Results: The prevalence of arterial hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis was 30.8%. As regards Child-Pugh class, hypertensive patients in class A were significantly increased (72.9 versus 48.7% respectively) while patients in class B and C were significantly decreased when compared with non- hypertensive patients (25.5,1.6 versus 33.29,17.93% respectively) (P <0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of arterial hypertension in Egyptian cirrhotic patients is 30.7%, lower than that of the general population. Arterial hypertension is inversely associated with the severity of liver disease.
Differential Tympanic membrane retraction
Authors: Subashini P , Shivakumar S 
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives: Tympanic membrane retraction occurs due to inadequate ventilation of middle ear cavity. The aim is to evaluate the surgical management of TM retractionits effectiveness and analyse the hearing improvement after surgery. Materials and methods: A retrospective study with 100 patients came to ENT OPD vmkvmch Salem in last 2 years with symptoms of hard of hearing, ear ache, ear block sensation. These patients underwent necessary ENT examination, diagnosed as TMwere selected for study and surgery done for these cases depending upon the grades of TM retraction which included Grommet insertion, Cartilage Tympanoplasty, Cortical Mastoidectomy + cartilage tympanoplasty. They were followed up for1, 3 and 6 months post operatively and evaluated based on hearing assessment after surgery and successful graft uptake. Results: Surgical interventionwas donedepending upon the stage of retraction. Grommet insertion done in stage 1, cartilage tympanoplasty in stage 2whereas stage 3 cortical mastoidectomy +cartilage tympanoplasty done. Hearing improvement seen after 1 month 76%,3 and 6months is 84% and 96%. The success rate in stage 1 retraction is 90 %, stage 2 84% and stage 3 81%.