bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A diagnostic accuracy study on an innovative auto-edge detection technique for identifying simulated implant fractures on radiographic images
Authors: Khosravifard Negar , Saberi Bardia Vadiati , Khosravifard Amir , Zakerjafari Hamidreza , Vafaei Reihaneh , Ghaffari Mohammad Ebrahim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImplant fracture is a rare but devastating complication of treatment in partially or fully edentulous patients which requires prompt diagnosis. Nevertheless, studies on defining the most accurate technique for the detection of implant fractures are lacking. In the present study, the Canny edge detection algorithm was applied on multiple radiographic modalities including parallel periapical (PPA), oblique periapical (OPA), and cone beam CT (CBCT) with and without metal artifact reduction (MAR) to examine its accuracy for diagnosis of simulated implant fractures. Radiographs were taken from 24 intact implants and 24 implants with artificially created fractures. Images were evaluated in their original and Canny formats. The accuracy of each radiograph was assessed by comparison with a reference standard of direct observation of the implant. The greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve belonged to Canny CBCT with MAR (0.958), followed by original CBCT with MAR (0.917), original CBCT without MAR = Canny CBCT without MAR = Canny OPA (0.875), Canny PPA (0.833), original PPA = original OPA (0.792), respectively. The Canny edge detection algorithm is suggested as an innovative method for accurate diagnosis of clinically suspected implant fractures on CBCT and periapical radiographies.
A miniaturized microstrip antenna with tunable double band-notched characteristics for UWB applications
Authors: Chao Zhang , Zitong Zhao , Pei Xiao , Jie Yu , Zhu Liu , Gaosheng Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes the step-by-step design procedure for obtaining independent dual band-notch performance, which provides a valuable method for designing tunable dual band-notched UWB antenna. The proposed antenna consists of the semicircle ring-like radiating patch with an elliptical-shaped slot and double split ring resonators on the top surface of the substrate and defected ground structure (DGS) on the bottom surface of the substrate. The operating frequencies ranged from 1.3 to 11.6 GHz (S11 < − 10 dB). By loading varactor diodes at the gap of the resonators structure and changing the varactor diode’s reverse bias voltage(0–30 V), a wider band-notched tuning range from 2.47–4.19 to 4.32–5.96 GHz can be achieved, which covers the whole WiMAX band and WLAN band. The experimental results agree well with the simulated results. The notched gain at notched frequency points is about − 5.3 dBi and − 5 dBi, demonstrating that the narrow-band interference signal could be efficiently suppressed. The security of UWB communication systems can be further enhanced. Meanwhile, the selection of varactor diode and DC bias circuit are fully considered. Hence, the accuracy of the experiment results and antenna operating performance have been improved. Furthermore, the proposed antenna only has an electrical size of 0.26λ*0.19λ at 1.3 GHz. Compared to the related reported antennas, the proposed antenna has achieved a simpler structure, low profile, compact size, tunable dual band-notched characteristics, extensive independent tunable range, and good band-notched performance simultaneously, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed antenna is believed to have a valuable prospect in UWB communication, Wireless Body Area Network, Industry Science Medicine, mobile communication applications, etc.
Sub-10 second fly-scan nano-tomography using machine learning
Authors: Zhang Jiayong , Lee Wah-Keat , Ge Mingyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractX-ray computed tomography is a versatile technique for 3D structure characterization. However, conventional reconstruction algorithms require that the sample not change throughout the scan, and the timescale of sample dynamics must be longer than the data acquisition time to fulfill the stable sample requirement. Meanwhile, concerns about X-ray-induced parasite reaction and sample damage have driven research efforts to reduce beam dosage. Here, we report a machine-learning-based image processing method that can significantly reduce data acquisition time and X-ray dose, outperforming conventional approaches like Filtered-Back Projection, maximum-likelihood, and model-based maximum-a-posteriori probability. Applying machine learning, we achieve ultrafast nano-tomography with sub-10 second data acquisition time and sub-50 nm pixel resolution in a transmission X-ray microscope. We apply our algorithm to study dynamic morphology changes in a lithium-ion battery cathode under a heating rate of 50oC min−1, revealing crack self-healing during thermal annealing. The proposed method can be applied to various tomography modalities.
Clutter suppression and target energy focussing for airborne rotating antenna radar using improved Space‐time adaptive processing
Authors: Zhou Lichao , Wu Yifeng , Deng Xiaobo , Zhang Lei , Wu Jianxin , Zhang Qiang , Duan Jia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRotating antenna radar is widely used on the airborne platform to extend the range of the radar detection airspace. However, the echo signal received by an airborne rotating radar is spread in the Doppler domain due to the platform motion and the antenna rotation. In the process of a long‐time integration, the antenna rotation harms the signal‐to‐noise ratio and reduces the performance of target detection when using conventional processing methods. Although conventional space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) has been used successfully to suppress clutter on an airborne radar, it does not take into account the antenna rotation. It decreases the performance of clutter suppression on the airborne rotating antenna radar. The signal model of airborne rotating antenna radar is analysed and the STAP technique to the rotating antenna scenario is improved to effectively suppress clutter and focus on target energy. Firstly, the echo of the airborne rotating antenna radar is modelled. Secondly, the factors affecting the Doppler difference of the array elements are investigated. Thirdly, an improved STAP method is proposed. Finally, the effect of antenna rotation on clutter Doppler characteristics and the clutter suppression and target energy focussing on the effects of the improved STAP technique are investigated. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics of self-gravitating filaments
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vera Nicol , Grassi Tommaso , Bovino Stefano , Lupi Alessandro , Galli Daniele , Schleicher Dominik R. G. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Filaments have been studied in detail through observations and simulations. A range of numerical works have separately investigated how chemistry and diffusion effects, as well as magnetic fields and their structure impact the gas dynamics of the filament. However, non-ideal effects have hardly been explored thus far.
Aims. We investigate how non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, combined with a simplified chemical model affect the evolution and accretion of a star-forming filament.
Methods. We modeled an accreting self-gravitating turbulent filament using LEMONGRAB, a one-dimensional (1D) non-ideal MHD code that includes chemistry. We explore the influence of non-ideal MHD, the orientation and strength of the magnetic field, and the cosmic ray ionization rate, on the evolution of the filament, with particular focus on the width and accretion rate.
Results. We find that the filament width and the accretion rate are determined by the magnetic field properties, including the initial strength, the coupling with the gas controlled by the cosmic ray ionization rate, and the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the accretion flow direction. Increasing the cosmic-ray ionization rate leads to a behavior closer to that of ideal MHD, reducing the magnetic pressure support and, hence, damping the accretion efficiency with a consequent broadening of the filament width. For the same reason, we obtained a narrower width and a larger accretion rate when we reduced the initial magnetic field strength. Overall, while these factors affect the final results by approximately a factor of 2, removing the non-ideal MHD effects results in a much greater variation (up to a factor of 7).
Conclusions. The inclusion of non-ideal MHD effects and the cosmic-ray ionization is crucial for the study of self-gravitating filaments and in determining critical observable quantities, such as the filament width and accretion rate.
The Gaia-ESO survey: Placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements
Authors: Van der Swaelmen M. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Cescutti G. , Magrini L. , Cristallo S. , Vescovi D. , Randich S. , Tautvaišienė G. , Bagdonas V. , Bensby T. , Bergemann M. , Bragaglia A. , Drazdauskas A. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Guiglion G. , Korn A. , Masseron T. , Minkeviiūtė R. , Smiljanic R. , Spina L. , Stonkutė E. , Zaggia S. 
Published: November 2022

Context. A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process elements at different metallicities is still under debate.
Aims. We aim at investigate the origin of the r-process elements in the Galactic thin-disc population.
Methods. From the sixth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO, we have collected a large sample of Milky Way (MW) thin- and thick-disc stars for which abundances of Eu, O, and Mg are available. The sample consists of members of 62 open clusters (OCs), located at a Galactocentric radius between ∼5 kpc and ∼20 kpc in the disc, in the metallicity range [ − 0.5, 0.4], and covering an age interval from 0.1 to 7 Gy, and about 1300 Milky Way disc field stars in the metallicity range [ − 1.5, 0.5]. We compare the observations with the results of a chemical evolution model, in which we varied the nucleosynthesis sources for the three elements considered.
Results. Our main result is that Eu in the thin disc is predominantly produced by sources with short lifetimes, such as magneto-rotationally driven SNe. There is no strong evidence for additional sources at delayed times.
Conclusions. Our findings do not imply that there cannot be a contribution from mergers of neutron stars in other environments, as in the halo or in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but such a contribution is not needed to explain Eu abundances at thin-disc metallicities.
Characterizing the patchy appearance of the circumgalactic medium and the influence of foreground absorption
Authors: Ponti G. , Sanders J. S. , Locatelli N. , Zheng X. , Zhang Y. , Yeung M. , Freyberg M. , Dennerl K. , Comparat J. , Merloni A. , Di Teodoro E. , Sasaki M. , Reiprich T. H. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Recent studies have demonstrated that the emission from the circumgalactic medium displays a relatively high degree of patchiness on angular scales of ∼10°.
Aims. Taking advantage of the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey, we aim to constrain any variation in the X-ray surface brightness on scales ranging from sub-degrees to a hundred square degrees.
Result. The surface brightness in the soft X-ray band (0.3–0.45 keV) shows modulations of about 60% on scales of several degrees. The amplitude of such variations decreases at higher energies. The observed patchiness is stable over a period of two years, therefore excluding the possiblity that it could have been induced by solar wind charge exchange. We also observe no correlation between such an excess and the density of galaxies in the Local Universe, suggesting no strong contribution from the hot baryons in the filaments of the cosmic web. Instead, the soft X-ray emission is anti-correlated with the column density of absorbing material. Indeed, we can reproduce the spectrum of the bright and dark regions by simply varying the column density of the matter absorbing the emission components located beyond the Local Hot Bubble, while no modulation of the intrinsic emission is required. At high Galactic latitudes, the eROSITA all-sky map shows patchiness of the soft X-ray diffuse emission similar to the one observed in the eFEDS field; it is therefore likely that the same “absorption-modulation”is present over the entire sky.
Conclusions. The observed patchiness of soft X-ray diffuse emission within the eFEDS field is primarily a consequence of absorption. Our spectral decomposition of the soft X-ray background appears accurate, predicting that (apart from the Local Hot Bubble) all other spectral components are modulated by clouds beyond ∼200 pc from the Sun. These results highlight the importance of an accurate treatment of the absorption effects in determining the patchiness of the circumgalactic medium.
TOI-179: A young system with a transiting compact Neptune-mass planet and a low-mass companion in outer orbit
Authors: Desidera S. , Damasso M. , Gratton R. , Benatti S. , Nardiello D. , D’Orazi V. , Lanza A. F. , Locci D. , Marzari F. , Mesa D. , Messina S. , Pillitteri I. , Sozzetti A. , Girard J. , Maggio A. , Micela G. , Malavolta L. , Nascimbeni V. , Pinamonti M. , Squicciarini V. , Alcalá J. , Biazzo K. , Bohn A. , Bonavita M. , Brooks K. , Chauvin G. , Covino E. , Delorme P. , Hagelberg J. , Janson M. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lazzoni C. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Transiting planets around young stars are key benchmarks for our understanding of planetary systems. One such candidate, TOI-179, was identified around the K dwarf HD 18599 by TESS.
Aims. We present the confirmation of the transiting planet and the characterization of the host star and of the TOI-179 system over a broad range of angular separations.
Methods. We exploited the TESS photometric time series, intensive radial velocity monitoring performed with HARPS, and deep high-contrast imaging observations obtained with SPHERE and NACO at VLT. The inclusion of Gaussian process regression analysis was effective to properly model the magnetic activity of the star and identify the Keplerian signature of the transiting planet.
Results. The star, with an age of 400±100 Myr, is orbited by a transiting planet with period 4.137436 days, mass 24±7 M⊕, radius 2.62−0.12+0.15 R⊕, and significant eccentricity (0.34−0.09+0.07). Adaptive optics observations identified a low-mass companion at the boundary between brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars (mass derived from luminosity 83−6+4 MJ) at a very small projected separation (84.5 mas, 3.3 au at the distance of the star). Coupling the imaging detection with the long-term radial velocity trend and the astrometric signature, we constrained the orbit of the low-mass companion, identifying two families of possible orbital solutions.
Conclusions. The TOI-179 system represents a high-merit laboratory for our understanding of the physical evolution of planets and other low-mass objects and of how the planet properties are influenced by dynamical effects and interactions with the parent star.
Endobronchiale Fremdkörper, die lesbare Geschichten erzählen
Authors: Haasler Edgar , Garhy Mohamed , Arndt Stefan , Schönhofer Bernd 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungWir präsentieren zwei Fallberichte, bei denen in überraschender Weise lesbare Schrift bzw. Zahlen auf dem aspirierten Material nützliche Informationen zu den näheren Umständen der Aspiration lieferten.Im ersten Fall klagte die Patientin nach Benutzung eines Dosieraerosols über Fremdkörpergefühl. Wenige Stunden später wurde das anfangs unbekannte aspirierte Material durch flexible Bronchoskopie geborgen. Mithilfe des Textfragments auf dem Material konnte geschlossen werden, dass es sich um die Verpackungsfolie eines Bonbons handelte, die bei der Aufbewahrung in der Jackentasche der Patientin in das Mundstück des Dosieraerosols gelangt war.Im zweiten Fall traten bei dem Patienten über Jahre rezidivierend Pneumonien auf. Mithilfe der Seriennummer auf dem bronchoskopisch geborgenen Plastikmaterial konnte der genaue Zeitpunkt und Ort der Aspiration ermittelt werden. Der Patient hatte während seiner beruflichen Tätigkeit in einer Autowerkstatt das Plastiketikett eines Ersatzteils aspiriert.
Anerkannter Grad der Behinderung (GdB) im Langzeitverlauf nach
Kraniopharyngeom im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Boekhoff Svenja , Eveslage Maria , Beckhaus Julia , Friedrich Carsten , Müller Hermann L. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Kraniopharyngeome sind seltene embryonale Fehlbildungstumore
niedriger Malignität. Die Langzeitprognose nach Diagnose im Kindes- und
Jugendalter wird häufig durch (neuro)endokrine Spätfolgen
beeinträchtigt. Eine Anerkennung des Schwerbehindertenstatus mit
unterschiedlichen Graden der Behinderung (GdB) kann die psychosoziale
Integration erleichtern.
Patienten und Methoden 108 Patienten, die mit kindlichem Kraniopharyngeom
in der Studie HIT-Endo registriert wurden, konnten nach im Median 16 Jahren
Follow-up hinsichtlich des aktuellen GdB und assoziierter Faktoren wie
endokriner, ophthalmologischer, neuropsychologischer (QLQ-C30; MFI-20;
FMH-Skala) und psychosozialer Befunde ausgewertet werden.
Ergebnisse 47 Patienten (43%) hatten keine Anerkennung einer
Behinderung oder einen GdB 30–40, 43 Patienten (40%) einen GdB
50–90 und 18 Patienten (17%) einen GdB 100. Höhere GdB
waren assoziiert mit niedrigerem schulischen Bildungsniveau, höherem
BMI-SDS, einer höheren Rate an Sehbeeinträchtigungen und
hypothalamischer Beteiligung des Kraniopharyngeoms. Patienten mit einem GdB 100
litten häufiger an Einschränkungen der physischen und kognitiven
Funktion, Atemnot und Schmerzzuständen (QLQ-C30), sowie Fatigue
(MFI-20), und Einschränkungen im sozialen und beruflichen Kontext.
Patienten mit GdB 100 haben im Mittel eine herabgesetzte funktionelle
Kapazität (FMH Score) gegenüber Patienten mit niedrigerem
GdB.
Schlussfolgerungen Der anerkannte GdB zeigt sich assoziiert mit
psychosozialen und gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen im Langzeitverlauf
nach Kraniopharyngeom. Die funktionelle Kapazität zeigt im Mittel einen
großen Unterschied zwischen GdB 100 und niedrigerem GdB.
Doppler Ultrasound of Vascular Complications After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Incidence, Time of Detection, and Positive Predictive Value
Authors: Verhagen Martijn V. , de Kleine Ruben H.J. , van der Doef Hubert P.J. , Kwee Thomas C. , de Haas Robbert J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose Doppler ultrasound (DUS) is widely used to detect vascular complications after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to assess the moment of first detection of vascular complications with DUS, and to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of DUS.Materials and Methods Patients aged 0–18 years who underwent LT between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively included. 92 LTs in 83 patients were included (median age: 3.9 years, interquartile range: 0.7–10.5). Patients underwent perioperative (intra-operative and immediately postoperative) and daily DUS surveillance during the first postoperative week, and at 1, 3, and 12 months. Vascular complications were categorized for the hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic veins. DUS findings were compared to surgical or radiological findings during the 1-year follow-up.Results 52 vascular complications were diagnosed by DUS in 35/92 LTs (38%). 15 out of 52 (28.8%) were diagnosed perioperatively, 29/52 (55.8%) were diagnosed on postoperative days 1–7, and 8/52 (15.4%) after day 7. The PPV for all vascular complications diagnosed with DUS was 92.3%. During the 1-year follow-up, 18/19 (94.7%) hepatic artery complications, 19/26 (73.1%) portal vein complications, and 7/7 (100%) hepatic vein complications were diagnosed perioperatively or during the first week.Conclusion The majority of vascular complications during the first year after pediatric LT were diagnosed by DUS perioperatively or during the first week, with a high PPV. Our findings provide important information regarding when to expect different types of vascular complications on DUS, which might improve DUS post-LT surveillance protocols.
The RAPID Consortium: A Platform for Clinical and Translational Pituitary Tumor Research
Authors: Karsy Michael , Kshettry Varun , Gardner Paul , Chicoine Michael , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Evans James J. , Barkhoudarian Garni , Hardesty Douglas , Kim Won , Zada Gabriel , Crocker Tomiko , Torok Ildiko , Little Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives Pituitary tumor treatment is hampered by the relative rarity of the disease, absence of a multicenter collaborative platform, and limited translational–clinical research partnerships. Prior studies offer limited insight into the formation of a multicenter consortium.
Design The authors describe the establishment of a multicenter research initiative, Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders (RAPID), to encourage quality improvement and research, promote scholarship, and apply innovative solutions in outcomes research.
Methods The challenges encountered during the formation of other research registries were reviewed with those lessons applied to the development of RAPID.
Setting/Participants RAPID was formed by 11 academic U.S. pituitary centers.
Results A Steering Committee, bylaws, data coordination center, and leadership team have been established. Clinical modules with standardized data fields for nonfunctioning adenoma, prolactinoma, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, craniopharyngioma, and Rathke's cleft cyst were created using a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant cloud-based platform. Currently, RAPID has received institutional review board approval at all centers, compiled retrospective data and agreements from most centers, and begun prospective data collection at one site. Existing institutional databases are being mapped to one central repository.
Conclusion The RAPID consortium has laid the foundation for a multicenter collaboration to facilitate pituitary tumor and surgical research. We sought to share our experiences so that other groups also contemplating this approach may benefit. Future studies may include outcomes benchmarking, clinically annotated biobank tissue, multicenter outcomes studies, prospective intervention studies, translational research, and health economics studies focused on value-based care questions.
Design elements and first data from a new Doppler backscattering system on the MAST-U spherical tokamak
Authors: Rhodes T. L. , Michael C. A. , Shi P. , Scannell R. , Storment S. , Pratt Q. , Lantsov R. , Fitzgerald I. , Hall-Chen V. H. , Crocker N. A. , Peebles W. A. 
Published: November 2022

A new Doppler backscattering (DBS) system has been installed and tested on the MAST-U spherical tokamak. It utilizes eight simultaneous fixed frequency probe beams (32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, and 50 GHz). These frequencies provide a range of radial positions from the edge plasma to the core depending on plasma conditions. The system utilizes a combination of novel features to provide remote control of the probed density wavenumber, the launched polarization (X vs O-mode), and the angle of the launched DBS to match the magnetic field pitch angle. The range of accessible density turbulence wavenumbers (kθ) is reasonably large with normalized wavenumbers kθρs ranging from ≤0.5 to 9 (ion sound gyroradius ρs = 1 cm). This wavenumber range is relevant to a variety of instabilities believed to be important in establishing plasma transport (e.g., ion temperature gradient, trapped electron, electron temperature gradient, micro-tearing, kinetic ballooning modes). The system is specifically designed to address the requirement of density fluctuation wavevector alignment which can significantly reduce the SNR if not accounted for.