bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID‐19 on oral squamous cell carcinoma's diagnostic stage—A retrospective study
Authors: Remschmidt Bernhard , Gaessler Jan , Brcic Luka , Wallner Jürgen , Muallah David , Rieder Marcus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had an impact on patients' access to primary care services. A timely diagnosis of oral squamosa cell carcinoma is paramount. This study aims to quantify the pandemic's effect on tumor volume at the time of initial diagnosis.Materials and MethodsIn a retrospective study, all primarily diagnosed cancer patients between March 2018 and March 2022 were compiled; the TNM stage and the tumor volume were evaluated. Tumor volumes were calculated using pathology or radiology reports.ResultsIn total, 162 newly diagnosed tumor cases were included in this study. Of these, 76 (46.9%) cases were allocated in the “pre‐COVID‐19” group and 86 (53.1%) in the “COVID‐19” group. Patients diagnosed during the “COVID‐19” period showed a significantly advanced T stage (p < 0.001) and larger mean tumor volumes (53.16 ± 73.55 cm3 vs. 39.89 ± 102.42 cm3; p = 0.002) when compared to the control group.ConclusionTumor volume and T stage were significantly advanced in the “COVID‐19” group when compared to prepandemic data. We hypothesize that the postponement of routine dental check‐ups may explain this finding. Hence, dentists and primary care providers are encouraged to place particular emphasis on screening during routine check‐ups.
“Inside Disc Out” Discectomy for the Treatment of Discogenic Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis under the Intervertebral Foramen Endoscope
Authors: Sun Shunqiang , Wang Lu , Xue Yuan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveConventional posterior‐approach decompression surgeries have a higher risk of nerve root injury and dura laceration. We explore the therapeutic strategy and effect of “inside disc out” discectomy under intervertebral foramen endoscope technique for discogenic lumbar spinal canal stenosis (DLSS) treatment.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with DLSS in the responsible segment were treated with “inside disc out” discectomy under intervertebral foramen endoscope technique between October 2017 to October 2019. Lower limb and back pain were recorded before operation, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded for lower limb and back pain at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The postoperative effects were evaluated using the modified MacNab method for all the patients.ResultsAll 29 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 75–120 min, with an average of 90 ± 17 min. Postoperative lumbar CT examinations of all the patients showed full decompression of the spinal cord with no residual pressure. The average follow‐up time for all the patients was 13 ± 3.5 months (12–18 months). The VAS score for lower back and lower limb pain was 7.52 ± 1.25 before the operation, and 1.80 ± 0.63, 1.33 ± 0.88, 1.07 ± 0.89, and 0.81 ± 0.51 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery, respectively. The Oswestry dysfunction index was 59.43 ± 10.04 before surgery and 29.67 ± 10.35, 21.13 ± 9.32, 14.52 ± 5.98, and 9.84 ± 4.68 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery, respectively. The VAS score and ODI index of low back and lower limb pain at different time points after the surgery were significantly improved compared to those before the surgery (P < 0.01). The effect of the modified MacNab was excellent in 26 patients, good in two patients, and fair in one patient. The excellent and good rates were 91.4%. Among them, one patient had symptoms of hyperesthesia in the anterior aspect of the thigh and decreased quadriceps muscle strength after lumbar 4/5 segment endoscopic surgery. After symptomatic and conservative treatment, the symptoms disappeared 4 weeks postoperatively, and there were no other serious surgical complications.ConclusionsFollowing the “inside disc out” discectomy under intervertebral foramen endoscope protocols, the risk of nerve injury can greatly be reduced, with good postoperative efficacy. Overall, the procedure is safe and feasible for DLSS treatment.
Hiring by professional affiliation: The benefits and challenges of leveraging prospective hires’ prior employment ties to improve matching and access to resources
Authors: Kehoe Rebecca R. , Brymer Rhett Andrew , Keller JR , Kim Joonyoung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasingly mobile careers mean that today's hiring firms encounter external prospective employees who hold professional affiliations with more organizations (e.g., former employers) and groups (e.g., project teams) than ever before. This trend invites attention to a collection of hiring practices in which a firm leverages prospective hires’ professional affiliations to increase the firm's access to and facilitate the efficient selection of individuals in a particular labor market talent segment––hereafter, hiring by professional affiliation (HBPA). We review research on six HBPA practices: acqui‐hiring, boomerang hiring, competitor poaching, formative affiliation hiring, liftouts, and supply chain hiring. Using Podolny's pipes and prisms metaphor, we show that research on HBPA has emphasized hiring organizations’ efforts to (a) leverage prospective hires’ focal professional affiliations as prisms to facilitate matching between the organization and new hires, and (b) leverage new hires’ focal affiliations as pipes to access resources otherwise difficult to acquire. Transcending the focus of extant research on individual HBPA practices, we then develop propositions elaborating the conditions under which HBPA is likely to yield varied consequences for firms’ workforce composition and organizational capabilities––ranging from replicating the status quo to increasing workforce diversity and organizational capacity for innovation and change.
Basiliximab as maintenance immunosuppression in heart transplant recipients: A single pediatric center experience
Authors: Chen Teaghan T. , Greene Megan M. , Everitt Melanie D. , Simpson Kathleen E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric heart transplant recipients are at risk for complications from prolonged exposure to immunosuppressive drugs, pharmacokinetic challenges in maintaining consistent immunosuppression, and medication non‐adherence. Basiliximab (BAS), an interleukin‐2 receptor antagonist, is used for induction therapy across many pediatric heart transplant centers, but use as maintenance immunosuppression has not been well described.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single pediatric center cohort study of heart transplant recipients who received BAS for maintenance immunosuppression (defined as >2 monthly doses) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021.ResultsTen patients met study criteria with a median age of 17.5 (5–22) years and median 9.6 (1.2–18.9) years since transplant at time of BAS initiation. The primary indications for BAS use were recurrent rejection (n = 4), fluctuating immunosuppression levels (n = 3), and renal dysfunction (n = 3). A median of 5.5 (3–32) monthly BAS doses were received. Three patients had a rejection event while on BAS. Calcineurin inhibitor exposure was reduced in 70% of patients. Three of the 10 patients were alive at last follow‐up. There was one documented infection during BAS use, and no hypersensitivity reactions.ConclusionsMonthly BAS infusions were well tolerated and allowed for reduced calcineurin inhibitor exposure in most patients. Mortality commonly occurred despite BAS use, potentially reflecting the acuity of this patient cohort. BAS can be considered for maintenance immunosuppression in pediatric patients with fluctuating immunosuppressive levels and/or renal dysfunction. More studies are needed to determine long‐term outcomes and explore expanded use of BAS in the pediatric heart transplant population.
Th2 and metabolic responses to nematodes are independent of prolonged host microbiota abrogation
Authors: Elizalde‐Velázquez Luis E. , Yordanova Ivet A. , Liublin Wjatscheslaw , Adjah Joshua , Leben Ruth , Rausch Sebastian , Niesner Raluca , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntibiotic treatment can lead to elimination of both pathogenic bacteria and beneficial commensals, as well as to altered host immune responses. Here, we investigated the influence of prolonged antibiotic treatment (Abx) on effector, memory and recall Th2 immune responses during the primary infection, memory phase and secondary infection with the small intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Abx treatment significantly reduced gut bacterial loads, but neither worm burdens, nor worm fecundity in primary infection were affected, only worm burdens in secondary infection were elevated in Abx treated mice. Abx mice displayed trends for elevated effector and memory Th2 responses during primary infection, but overall frequencies of Th2 cells in the siLP, PEC, mLN and in the spleen were similar between Abx treated and untreated groups. Gata3+ effector and memory Th2 cytokine responses also remained unimpaired by prolonged Abx treatment. Similarly, the energy production and defence mechanisms of the host tissue and the parasite depicted by NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) did not change by the prolonged use of antibiotics. We show evidence that the host Th2 response to intestinal nematodes, as well as host and parasite metabolic pathways are robust and remain unimpaired by host microbiota abrogation.
Methods for preparing tissue microarray slides using xenografts with different levels of HER2 expression to standardize HER2 detection
Authors: Yorozu Keigo , Kurasawa Mitsue , Iino Yuki , Nakamura Yuka , Hashizume Kaoru , Harada Naoki , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGene amplification and protein overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) are specific targets for HER2‐targeting drugs in breast, gastric, salivary gland, and colorectal cancers. The histopathological determination of HER2 status is crucial for treatment, highlighting the importance of improving HER2 detection accuracy in clinical practice. We prepared tissue microarray (TMA) slides for use as control slides for the standardization of gastric HER2 testing. Four human gastric cancer cell lines with HER2 scores of 3+, 2+, 1+, and 0 were xenografted in NOG mice. The TMA slides were constructed using samples from three different areas in these tumors. Staining properties were determined using six clinical kits for HER2. In TMA, HER2‐positive tumors with HER2 scores of 3+ and 2+ showed good staining with all diagnostic kits, and the tissue images were similar to those of clinical samples. Xenograft tumor slides could potentially be used as external controls to standardize staining conditions for a variety of kits and may improve the accuracy of HER2 detection in clinical practice.
Soil environmental DNA metabarcoding can quantify local plant diversity for biomonitoring across varied environments
Authors: Duley Emma , Iribar Amaia , Bisson Chris , Chave Jérôme , Donald Julian 
Published: November 2022

Biomonitoring of plant communities is essential when evaluating outcomes of ecological restoration, but morphology‐based inventories can impede consistency across spatial and temporal scales. The Eden Project botanic garden (Cornwall, UK) offers an opportunity to test whether soil environmental DNA (eDNA) reflects plant species richness, community composition, and diversity. Furthermore, it enables the exploration of whether community complexity, environmental conditions, or sampling scale influence the similarity of soil eDNA‐derived results compared with those derived from classic botanical inventories. Survey plots were established encompassing a mixture of high‐ and low‐complexity plant assemblages, under either hot and humid or cool and dry conditions. Botanical inventories were conducted in quadrats up to 7 m around a soil eDNA sample plot. Soil samples were processed by metabarcoding of trnL p6 loop to determine plant eDNA identity and relative abundance. Differences in diversity and community composition were calculated before determining whether (1) inventory scale; (2) plant assembly complexity; (3) ambient conditions; (4) soil chemistry; (5) bulk root biomass and (6) soil respiration influenced the similarity of soil eDNA and botanical inventory methods. Inventory scale significantly determined the dissimilarity in both diversity and composition, with soil respiration, phosphorus, and C:N ratio also accounting for variation across sites. Our results demonstrate that soil eDNA metabarcoding is an effective approach for quantifying relative diversity in plant communities across broad habitat types and could be integrated into restoration monitoring strategies, but that its application requires an appropriate a priori knowledge of survey sites to best tailor soil eDNA survey implementation.
Structure Learning for Extremal Tree Models
Authors: Engelke Sebastian , Volgushev Stanislav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtremal graphical models are sparse statistical models for multivariate extreme events. The underlying graph encodes conditional independencies and enables a visual interpretation of the complex extremal dependence structure. For the important case of tree models, we develop a data-driven methodology for learning the graphical structure. We show that sample versions of the extremal correlation and a new summary statistic, which we call the extremal variogram, can be used as weights for a minimum spanning tree to consistently recover the true underlying tree. Remarkably, this implies that extremal tree models can be learned in a completely non-parametric fashion by using simple summary statistics and without the need to assume discrete distributions, existence of densities or parametric models for bivariate distributions.
Socioeconomic inequity in coverage and quality of maternal postnatal care in Ethiopia
Authors: Beaumont Emma , Berhanu Della , Allen Elizabeth , Schellenberg Joanna , Avan Bilal Iqbal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐quality postnatal care is vital for improving maternal health. This study examined the relationship between household socioeconomic status and both coverage and quality of postnatal care in Ethiopia.MethodCross‐sectional household survey data were collected in October–November 2013 from 12 zones in 4 regions of Ethiopia. Women reporting a live birth in the 3–24 months prior to the survey were interviewed about the care they received before, during and after delivery and their demographic characteristics. Using mixed effect logistic and linear regression, the associations between household socioeconomic status and receiving postnatal care, location of postnatal care (health facility vs. non‐health facility), cadre of person providing care and the number of seven key services (including physical checks and advice) provided at a postnatal visit, were estimated.ResultsA total of 16% (358/2189) of women interviewed reported receiving at least one postnatal care visit within 6 weeks of delivery. Receiving a postnatal care visit was strongly associated with socioeconomic status with women from the highest socioeconomic group having twice the odds of receiving postnatal care compared to women in the poorest quintile (OR [95% CI]: 1.98 [1.29, 3.05]). For each increasing socioeconomic status quintile there was a mean increase of 0.24 postnatal care services provided (95% CI: 0.06–0.43, p = 0.009) among women who did not give birth in a facility. There was no evidence that number of postnatal care services was associated with socioeconomic status for women who gave birth in a facility. There was no evidence that socioeconomic status was associated with the provider or location of postnatal care visits.ConclusionPostnatal care in Ethiopia shows evidence of socio‐economic inequity in both coverage and quality. This demonstrates the need to focus on quality improvement as well as coverage, particularly among the poorest women who did not deliver in a facility.
Global fjords as transitory reservoirs of labile organic carbon modulated by organo-mineral interactions
Authors: Cui Xingqian , Mucci Alfonso , Bianchi Thomas S. , He Ding , Vaughn Derrick , Williams Elizabeth K. , Wang Chuning , Smeaton Craig , Koziorowska-Makuch Katarzyna , Faust Johan C. , Plante Alain F. , Rosenheim Brad E. 
Published: November 2022

The global carbon cycle is strongly modulated by organic carbon (OC) sequestration and decomposition. Whereas OC sequestration is relatively well constrained, there are few quantitative estimates of its susceptibility to decomposition. Fjords are hot spots of sedimentation and OC sequestration in marine sediments. Here, we adopt fjords as model systems to investigate the reactivity of sedimentary OC by assessing the distribution of the activation energy required to break OC bonds. Our results reveal that OC in fjord sediments is more thermally labile than that in global sediments, which is governed by its unique provenance and organo-mineral interactions. We estimate that 61 ± 16% of the sedimentary OC in fjords is degradable. Once this OC is remobilized and remineralized during glacial maxima, the resulting metabolic CO
2
could counterbalance up to 50 ppm of the atmospheric CO
2
decrease during glacial times, making fjords critical actors in dampening glacial-interglacial climate fluctuations through negative carbon cycling loops.
Eight-year retrospective study investigating tooth survival after primary non-surgical root canal treatment in a UK military cohort
Authors: Smith Richard Blake , Bryce G E , Ng Y , Gulabivala K , Dermont M A 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionRoot canal treatment (RCT) plays an important role in preserving the dentition by deferring other invasive treatments. Data on tooth survival and predictive factors for tooth loss after RCT in the military cohort are lacking. This investigation aimed to determine the proportion of teeth surviving in an 8-year period after RCT and identify potential predictive factors for tooth loss in a UK military cohort.MethodologyA retrospective review of an integrated electronic health record for military patients who had received RCT was performed in a random sample of 205 patients (n=219 root-filled teeth) who had received RCT between 1 January 2011 and 1 January 2012. Tooth survival was defined as tooth presence, regardless of signs or symptoms, and measured from the point of root filling until either the end of the designated study period or time of extraction. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and association with tooth loss using the χ2test. Potentially significant predictive factors were investigated using univariate Cox regression.ResultsTooth survival following RCT was 98% after 24 months; 88% after 48 months; 83% after 72 months; and 78% after 96 months. Four predictive factors were found to affect tooth loss as follows: preoperative pain (HR=3.2; p<0.001), teeth with less than two proximal contacts (HR=3.0; p=0.01), teeth with cores involving more than two surfaces (HR=2.0; p=0.03) and postoperative unscheduled dental attendances (UDA) (HR=2.7; p=0.01).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the presence of preoperative pain; teeth with less than two proximal contacts or with cores involving more than two tooth surfaces; and occurrence of postoperative UDA were found to significantly increase the hazard of tooth loss.
Toy models for hierarchy studies
Authors: Álvarez-Luna Clara , Cembranos José A. R. , Sanz-Cillero Juan José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe provide a simple computation in order to estimate the probability of a given hierarchy between two scales. In particular, we work in a model provided with a gauge symmetry, with two scalar doublets. We start from a scale-invariant classical Lagrangian, but by taking into account the Coleman–Weinberg mechanism, we obtain masses for the gauge bosons and the scalars. This approach typically provides a light (L) and a heavy (H) sector related to the two different vacuum expectation values of the two scalars. We compute the size of the hypervolume of the parameter space of the model associated with an interval of mass ratios between these two sectors. We define the probability as proportional to this size and conclude that probabilities of very large hierarchies are not negligible in the type of models studied in this work.
Identifying Overly Restrictive Matching Patterns in SMT-based Program Verifiers (Extended Version)
Authors: Bugariu Alexandra , Ter-Gabrielyan Arshavir , Müller Peter 
Published: November 2022

Universal quantifiers occur frequently in proof obligations produced by program verifiers, for instance, to axiomatize uninterpreted functions and to statically express properties of arrays. SMT-based verifiers typically reason about them via E-matching, an SMT algorithm that requires syntactic matching patterns to guide the quantifier instantiations. Devising good matching patterns is challenging. In particular, overly restrictive patterns may lead to spurious verification errors if the quantifiers needed for proof are not instantiated; they may also conceal unsoundness caused by inconsistent axiomatizations. In this article, we present the first technique that identifies and helps the users and the developers of program verifiers remedy the effects of overly restrictive matching patterns. We designed a novel algorithm to synthesize missing triggering terms required to complete unsatisfiability proofs via E-matching. Tool developers can use this information to refine their matching patterns and prevent similar verification errors, or to fix a detected unsoundness.
Artificial Intelligence Based Study Association between p53 Gene Polymorphism and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xia , Jin Xiaoxiao , Shao Xiujuan , Hu Wanjing , Jin Haihong , Wang Yiqun 
Published: November 2022

Background. The P53 gene is critical to the onset and progression of cancers. Currently, relevant study findings indicate that the p53 gene may have a strong association with the risk of endometriosis, but these findings have not been united. To gather more statistically meaningful clinical data, we used meta-analysis to examine the relationship between the rs1042522 single nucleotide polymorphism of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the incidence of endometriosis. Methods. Through a comprehensive literature survey of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Web of Science literature databases, we obtained a clinical control case study on the relationship between p53 gene polymorphism and the prevalence of female endometriosis and finally traced the relevant references included. The quality of the literature included in this study was evaluated, and Revman5.3 was used to complete the meta-analysis. Results. This research includes eight publications. The total number of cases in the study group was 1551, whereas the total number of cases in the control group was 1440. The findings of the sensitivity analyses of each omitted piece of the literature revealed no significant difference. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the GG gene frequency (OR = 0.56, 95%CI (0.38, 0.92),

P

= 0.003), allele G (OR = 2.46, 95%CI (1.41,4.29),

P

= 0.002), and allele C (OR = 0.62, 95%CI (0.46, 0.84),

P

= 0.002) between the study group and the control group (

P

< 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the GC gene frequency (OR = 1.17, 95%CI (1.01,1.36),

P

= 0.03), and the CC gene frequency (OR = 1.25, 95%CI (0.85,1.82),

P

= 0.26) (

P

> 0.01). Conclusion. Our study results show that there is a significant correlation between the single nucleotide of the p53 gene and the incidence rate of female endometriosis, in which the decrease of the GG gene frequency and the increase of allele C are likely to increase the risk of such diseases.