bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Postpandemic, Not Post-COVID-19
Authors: Ketai Loren , Febbo Jennifer , Busby Hellen K. , Sheehan Elyce B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upended our approach to imaging community-acquired pneumonia, and this will alter our diagnostic algorithms for years to come. In light of these changes, it is worthwhile to consider several postpandemic scenarios of community-acquired pneumonia: (1) patient with pneumonia and recent positive COVID-19 testing; (2) patient with air space opacities and history of prior COVID-19 pneumonia (weeks earlier); (3) multifocal pneumonia with negative or unknown COVID-19 status; and (4) lobar or sublobar pneumonia with negative or unknown COVID-19 status. In the setting of positive COVID-19 testing and typical radiologic findings, the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is generally secure. The diagnosis prompts vigilance for thromboembolic disease acutely and, in severely ill patients, for invasive fungal disease. Persistent or recurrent air space opacities following COVID-19 infection may more often represent organizing pneumonia than secondary infection. When COVID-19 status is unknown or negative, widespread airway-centric disease suggests infection with mycoplasma, Haemophilus influenzae, or several respiratory viruses. Necrotizing pneumonia favors infection with pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and anaerobes. Lobar or sublobar pneumonia will continue to suggest the diagnosis of pneumococcus or consideration of other pathogens in the setting of local outbreaks. A positive COVID-19 test accompanied by these imaging patterns may suggest coinfection with one of the above pathogens, or when the prevalence of COVID-19 is very low, a false positive COVID-19 test. Clinicians may still proceed with testing for COVID-19 when radiologic patterns are atypical for COVID-19, dependent on the patient's exposure history and the local epidemiology of the virus.
Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Lee Elizabeth , Kazerooni Ella A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States and globally with the majority of lung cancer cases attributable to cigarette smoking. Given the high societal and personal cost of a diagnosis of lung cancer including that most cases of lung cancer when diagnosed are found at a late stage, work over the past 40 years has aimed to detect lung cancer earlier when curative treatment is possible. Screening trials using chest radiography and sputum failed to show a reduction in lung cancer mortality however multiple studies using low dose CT have shown the ability to detect lung cancer early and a survival benefit to those screened. This review will discuss the history of lung cancer screening, current recommendations and screening guidelines, and implementation and components of a lung cancer screening program.
Chameleon screening in cosmic voids
Authors: Tamosiunas Andrius , Briddon Chad , Burrage Clare , Cutforth Alan , Moss Adam , Vincent Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A key goal in cosmology in the upcoming decade will be to form a better understanding of
the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Upcoming surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin
Observatory's 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), Euclid and the Square Killometer
Array (SKA) will deliver key datasets required to tackle this and other puzzles in contemporary
cosmology. With this data, constraints of unprecedented power will be put on different models of
dark energy and modified gravity. In this context it is crucial to understand how screening
mechanisms, which hide the deviations of these theories from the predictions of general relativity
in local experiments, affect structure formation. In this work we approach this problem by using a
combination of analytic and numerical methods to describe chameleon screening in the context of
cosmic voids. We apply a finite element method (FEM) code, SELCIE, to solve the chameleon equation
of motion for a number of void profiles derived from observational data and simulations. The
obtained results indicate a complex relationship between the properties of cosmic voids and the
size of the chameleon acceleration of a test particle. We find that the fifth force on a test
particle in a void is primarily related to the depth and the inner density gradient of the
void. For realistic void profiles, the obtained chameleon-to-Newtonian acceleration ratios range
between aϕ
/aNewt
≈ 10-6– 10-5. However, it should be noted that in
unusually deep voids with large inner density gradients, the acceleration ratios can be
significantly higher. Similarly, other chameleon models, such as f(R) Hu-Sawicki theory allow
for significantly higher acceleration ratios. Given these results, we also discuss the optimal
density profiles for detecting the fifth force in the upcoming observational surveys.
Extraction of microRNA–target interaction sentences from biomedical literature by deep learning approach
Authors: Luo Mengqi , Li Shangfu , Pang Yuxuan , Yao Lantian , Ma Renfei , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Huang Hsien-Da , Lee Tzong-Yi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA)–target interaction (MTI) plays a substantial role in various cell activities, molecular regulations and physiological processes. Published biomedical literature is the carrier of high-confidence MTI knowledge. However, digging out this knowledge in an efficient manner from large-scale published articles remains challenging. To address this issue, we were motivated to construct a deep learning-based model. We applied the pre-trained language models to biomedical text to obtain the representation, and subsequently fed them into a deep neural network with gate mechanism layers and a fully connected layer for the extraction of MTI information sentences. Performances of the proposed models were evaluated using two datasets constructed on the basis of text data obtained from miRTarBase. The validation and test results revealed that incorporating both PubMedBERT and SciBERT for sentence level encoding with the long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep neural network can yield an outstanding performance, with both F1 and accuracy being higher than 80% on validation data and test data. Additionally, the proposed deep learning method outperformed the following machine learning methods: random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression and bidirectional LSTM. This work would greatly facilitate studies on MTI analysis and regulations. It is anticipated that this work can assist in large-scale screening of miRNAs, thereby revealing their functional roles in various diseases, which is important for the development of highly specific drugs with fewer side effects. Source code and corpus are publicly available at https://github.com/qi29.
Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic–alpine spiders
Authors: Wehner Alessa , Hein Nils , Beckers Niklas , Dobbert Svenja , Pape Roland , Löffler Jörg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo predict species’ responses to a rapidly changing environment, it is necessary to detect current clines of life-history traits and understand their drivers. We studied body size variation, a key trait in evolutionary biology, of two arctic–alpine lycosid spiders and underlying mechanisms controlling this variation. We used long time-series data of body size of spiders sampled in Norway, augmented with museum data. Individuals of both species sampled in areas and years with longer snow-free periods grew larger than individuals in areas and years with shorter snow-free periods. Interestingly, temperatures below 0 °C led to a larger body size in Pardosa palustris, while temperatures above 0 °C led to a larger body size in Pardosa hyperborea. We assume that P. palustris, as the generally larger species, is less sensitive to environmental variability and low temperatures, because it can retain more energy compared with a smaller species and, therefore, can invest more resources in its offspring. With rising temperatures, both species might profit from a higher resource availability. In a rapidly changing arctic–alpine environment, alterations in the life-history traits and adaptation strategies of spiders are expected, which, regarding body size, seem to be highly influenced by early snowmelt and diverging thermal constraints.
Left ventricular non-compaction in paediatrics: a novel semi-automated imaging technique bridging imaging findings and clinical outcomes
Authors: Tadros Hanna J , Doan Tam T , Pednekar Amol S , Masand Prakash M , Spinner Joseph A , Schlingmann Tobias R , Pignatelli Ricardo , Noel Cory V , Wilkinson James C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
We set out to design a reliable, semi-automated, and quantitative imaging tool using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging that captures LV trabeculations in relation to the morphologic endocardial and epicardial surface, or perimeter-derived ratios, and assess its diagnostic and prognostic utility.

Methods and results
We queried our institutional database between January 2008 and December 2018. Non-compacted (NC)-to-compacted (C) (NC/C) myocardium ratios were calculated and our tool was used to calculate fractal dimension (FD), total mass ratio (TMR), and composite surface ratios (SRcomp). NC/C, FD, TMR, and SRcomp were assessed in relation to LVNC diagnosis and outcomes. Univariate hazard ratios with cut-offs were performed using clinically significant variables to find ‘at-risk’ patients and imaging parameters were compared in ‘at-risk’ patients missed by Petersen Index (PI). Ninety-six patients were included. The average time to complete the semi-automated measurements was 3.90 min (SEM: 0.06). TMR, SRcomp, and NC/C were negatively correlated with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and positively correlated with indexed LV end-systolic volumes (iLVESVs), with TMR showing the strongest correlation with LVEF (−0.287; P = 0.005) and SRcomp with iLVESV (0.260; P = 0.011). We found 29 ‘at-risk’ patients who were classified as non-LVNC by PI and hence, were missed. When compared with non-LVNC and ‘low-risk’ patients, only SRcomp differentiated between both groups (1.91 SEM 0.03 vs. 1.80 SEM 0.03; P = 0.019).

Conclusion
This method of semi-automatic calculation of SRcomp captured changes in at-risk patients missed by standard methods, was strongly correlated with LVEF and LV systolic volumes and may better capture outcome events.
Left ventricular anatomy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: beyond basal septal hypertrophy
Authors: Hermida Uxio , Stojanovski David , Raman Betty , Ariga Rina , Young Alistair A , Carapella Valentina , Carr-White Gerry , Lukaschuk Elena , Piechnik Stefan K , Kramer Christopher M , Desai Milind Y , Weintraub William S , Neubauer Stefan , Watkins Hugh , Lamata Pablo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is characterized by dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT). Although this may be mediated by interplay between the hypertrophied septal wall, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and papillary muscle abnormalities, the mechanistic role of LV shape is still not fully understood. This study sought to identify the LV end-diastolic morphology underpinning oHCM.

Methods and results
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance images from 2398 HCM individuals were obtained as part of the NHLBI HCM Registry. Three-dimensional LV models were constructed and used, together with a principal component analysis, to build a statistical shape model capturing shape variations. A set of linear discriminant axes were built to define and quantify (Z-scores) the characteristic LV morphology associated with LVOT obstruction (LVOTO) under different physiological conditions and the relationship between LV phenotype and genotype. The LV remodelling pattern in oHCM consisted not only of basal septal hypertrophy but a combination with LV lengthening, apical dilatation, and LVOT inward remodelling. Salient differences were observed between obstructive cases at rest and stress. Genotype negative cases showed a tendency towards more obstructive phenotypes both at rest and stress.

Conclusions
LV anatomy underpinning oHCM consists of basal septal hypertrophy, apical dilatation, LV lengthening, and LVOT inward remodelling. Differences between oHCM cases at rest and stress, as well as the relationship between LV phenotype and genotype, suggest different mechanisms for LVOTO. Proposed Z-scores render an opportunity of redefining management strategies based on the relationship between LV anatomy and LVOTO.
Coordinated Work Schedules and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Cubas German , Juhn Chinhui , Silos Pedro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how coordinated work schedules across jobs contribute to the gender wage gap. Using US time diary data, we construct occupation-level measures of coordinated schedules. Higher coordination is associated with higher wages and a larger gender wage gap. Empirically, women with children allocate more time to household care and are penalised for missing work during peak hours. An equilibrium occupational choice model generates a gender wage gap of 8.9%; most of the gender wage gap is within occupations. If coordination is set to the value of healthcare support across all occupations, the within-occupation gender gap halves.
Health status and cognitive function for risk stratification in chronic coronary and peripheral artery disease
Authors: Smolderen Kim G , Mena-Hurtado Carlos , Eikelboom John W , Bosch Jackie , Xie Feng , Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie , Bhatt Deepak L , Anand Sonia S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
It is unclear whether health status and cognitive function assessments can augment traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) biomedical risk prediction frameworks. We examined the association between health status and cognitive function and subsequent adverse cardiovascular and limb events in CAD and PAD.

Methods and results
Stable CAD and PAD patients from the international, multi-centre COMPASS trial completed the visual analogue scale (VAS) of the EQ-5D-3L to assess overall health status, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) to assess cognitive function. Main outcomes were incident development of major adverse cardiovascular events, and the combined endpoint major adverse cardiovascular or limb events. The EQ VAS (per 10 unit increase) and DSST (per 5 unit increase) were added to fully adjusted (medications, demographics, cardiovascular history and risk factors) hierarchical Cox regression models. A total of 23 433 patients were in the CAD cohort and 6899 in the PAD cohort. Among both the CAD and PAD groups, higher scores on the EQ VAS (CAD: HR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.88–0.89; PAD HR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.88–0.89) and DSST (CAD HR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.94–0.95) (PAD HR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.94–0.95) were associated with a lower risk of a major adverse cardiovascular or limb events. Population attributable risks associated with the lower two quartiles vs. upper quartiles for the EQ-5D and DSST scores were 7% and 16%, respectively in the CAD cohort; and for PAD, at 14% and 18%, respectively.

Conclusions
Adding health status and cognitive functioning information to biomedical evaluations can augment cardiovascular risk-stratification in CAD and PAD.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT01776424
Political Apologies for Historical Injustices: Engaging with Questions of Power, Utility, and Impact
Authors: Karn Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the special forum is to analyze political apologies through a variety of critical lenses in order to evaluate their efficacy for conflict mediation and redress of historical injustice. The proliferation of group apologies in the 1990s and 2000s led some scholars to herald the arrival of an “age of apology.” However, the task of assessing the impacts of these apologies and gauging their potential for fostering reconciliation has remained unfinished. The scholarship has been characterized by alternating currents of idealism and realism, but much of the work has been intuitive rather than empirical, and there is little agreement as to the evaluative criteria. With these papers, we take stock of what has been learned about political apologies, and we seek new avenues for exploration. Critics are right to question the unequal power structures that apologies sometimes reinforce, and it is important to understand how apologies leave crucial aspects of injustice untouched. At the same time, the prevalence of apologies in international affairs and the propensity of both perpetrators and victims to seek acknowledgment through the discourse of apologies suggest that continued study of apologies is warranted. Probing the performative aspects of apologies and dissecting their contradictions does not foreclose the possibility of their also having value for improving intergroup relationships, deepening historical understanding, and enacting justice, for example, by strengthening demands for reparations. Nor should we abandon efforts to understand what moral substance these apologies may convey, simply because we have seen how they can be cynically manipulated.
Development and Validation of a Green Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Curcumin, Gallic Acid, and Ursolic Acid From Polyherbal Formulation Jatyadi Taila
Authors: Patel Meghana N , Nandpal Manish N , Patel Archita J , Raval Manan A , Patel Samir G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Jatyadi taila (JT) is a well-known Ayurvedic wound-healing product, comprising 16 different medicinally important plants, including Curcuma longa, Terminalia chebula, and Jasminum officinale.

Objective
The proposed work discusses the development and validation of the green and economical stability-indicating HPTLC method for quantification of the key marker phytoconstituents, curcumin (CUR), gallic acid (GA), and ursolic acid (UA), from JT.

Method
Quality standard parameters for JT were determined following standard procedures. The marker constituents CUR, GA, and UA were resolved from JT using toluene–ethyl acetate–formic acid (6:2:1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and subsequently derivatized to estimate UA. The developed plates were subjected to HPTLC-MS analysis. All constituents were subjected to forced degradation to determine the proposed technique’s stability-indicating property and the accelerated stability studies of marketed formulation and marker constituents. Greenness evaluation of the method was aided by the AGREE methodology.

Results
The Rf values of CUR, GA, and UA were found to be 0.60 and 0.60; 0.27 and 0.28; and 0.74 and 0.77 from reference standard and oil samples respectively, when analyzed at 366 nm, 290 nm, and 366 nm, respectively. HPTLC-MS was carried out to verify the active constituents present in JT. The constituents followed first-order degradation kinetics. The quantity of CUR, GA, and UA in JT was reduced at the end of accelerated stability studies. The developed approach was validated in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 (R2) guideline.

Conclusions
Among the chosen key markers, GA was highly unstable during forced degradation. JT should be stored at a controlled temperature using more protective packaging material to ensure its quality and efficacy.

Highlights
The developed method can be used as a quality control tool for JT as it can be used to determine the stability of the key marker compounds the herbal formulation.
The regulatory role of BMP4 in testicular Sertoli cells of Tibetan sheep
Authors: Ma Keyan , Chen Nana , Wang Huihui , Li Qiao , Shi Huibin , Su Manchun , Zhang Yong , Ma Youji , Li Taotao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene in the testes of Tibetan sheep and its role in the blood–testis barrier (BTB). First, we cloned BMP4 gene for bioinformatics analysis, and detected the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP4 in the testes of Tibetan sheep pre-puberty (3-mo-old), during sexual maturity (1-yr-old), and in adulthood (3-yr-old) by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, the subcellular localization of BMP4 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Next, BMP4 overexpression and silencing vectors were constructed and transfected into primary Sertoli cells (SCs) to promote and inhibit the proliferation of BMP4, respectively. Then, CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation effect of SCs. The expression of BMP4 and downstream genes, pathway receptors, tight junction-related proteins, and cell proliferation and apoptosis-related genes in SCs were studied using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results revealed that the relative expression of BMP4 mRNA and protein in testicular tissues of 1Y group and 3Y group was dramatically higher than that of 3M group (P &lt; 0.01), and BMP4 protein is mainly located in SCs and Leydig cells at different development stages. The CDS region of the Tibetan sheep BMP4 gene was 1,229 bp. CCK-8 results demonstrated that the proliferation rate of BMP4 was significantly increased in the overexpression group (pc-DNA-3.1(+)-BMP4; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of SMAD5, BMPR1A, and BMPR1B and tight junction-related proteins Claudin11, Occludin, and ZO1 were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of cell proliferation-related gene Bcl2 was significantly enhanced (P &lt; 0.05), and the expression of GDNF was enhanced (P &gt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes Caspase3 and Bax decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05), while the mRNA expression of cell cycle-related genes CyclinA2 and CDK2 increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05). It is worth noting that the opposite results were observed after transfection with si-BMP4. In summary, what should be clear from the results reported here is that BMP4 affects testicular development by regulating the Sertoli cells and BTB, thereby modulating the spermatogenesis of Tibetan sheep.
Left atrial appendage aneurysm resection following the onset of a cardiogenic stroke: a case report
Authors: Isa Hideki , Nakatsu Tomoki , Kimura Fumiaki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare congenital or acquired anomaly that often causes fatal complications. Although many reports recommend surgical resection for treatment, there is no clear definition of LAAA. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment are ambiguous. A 73-year-old woman with cardiogenic stroke was admitted to our hospital because of a suspected LAAA as the source of the embolus. She was incidentally diagnosed with LAAA seven years ago, which was managed with continuous anticoagulation therapy, although atrial fibrillation was not observed. The patient underwent aneurysm resection, and the postoperative course was uneventful.As LAAA symptoms are nonspecific, careful observation is required when LAAA is suspected. The risks associated with surgery are generally low and the surgical outcome is good; however, even with appropriate medical therapy, fatal complications can occur. Therefore, surgical resection of the LAAA should be considered even in asymptomatic patients, considering the low surgical risk.