bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of peptide biomarkers in life analysis based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technology
Authors: Han Tingting , Cong Hailin , Yu Bing , Shen Youqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiomedicine is developing rapidly in the 21st century. Among them, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of peptide biomarkers is of considerable importance for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases and the quality evaluation of drugs and food. The identification and quantitative analysis of peptides have been going on for decades. Traditionally, immunoassays or biological assays are generally used to quantify peptides in biological matrices. However, the selectivity and sensitivity of these methods cannot meet the requirements of the application. The separation and analysis technique of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) supplies a reliable alternative. In contrast to immunoassays, LC–MS methods are capable of providing the analytical prowess necessary to satisfy the demands of peptide biomarker research in the life sciences arena. This review article provides a historical account of the in‐roads made by LC–MS technology for the detection of peptide biomarkers in the past 10 years, with the focus on the qualification/quantification developments and their applications.
Neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia against traumatic brain injury by the involvement of the Nrf2/ARE pathway
Authors: Yan Chaolong , Mao Jiannan , Yao Chenbei , Liu Yang , Yan Huiying , Jin Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Mild hypothermia (32–35°C) has been found to show neuroprotective effects against TBI. However, the specific mechanism is still elusive. In the current study, we explored the relationship between oxidative damage after TBI and treatment with mild hypothermia as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe used the closed cortex injury model to perform the brain injury and a temperature monitoring and control system to regulate the body temperature of mice after injury. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were adopted in this study and divided into four experimental groups. Tissue samples were harvested 24 h after injury.ResultsFirst, our results showed that treatment with mild hypothermia significantly improved neurobehavioral dysfunction and alleviated brain edema after TBI. Moreover, treatment with mild hypothermia enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced the accumulation of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde. Importantly, the expression and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2‐antioxidant response element (Nrf2‐ARE) pathway were upregulated by mild hypothermia after TBI. Finally, treatment with hypothermia significantly decreased the cell apoptosis induced by TBI.ConclusionOur results showed that the protective effects of mild hypothermia after TBI may be achieved by the upregulation of the Nrf2‐ARE pathway and revealed Nrf2 as a potentially important target to improve the prognosis of TBI.
Evaluation of lentiviral vector stability and development of ion exchange purification processes
Authors: Ghosh Ronit , Koley Sushmita , Gopal Sneha , Rodrigues Andre L. , Dordick Jonathan S. , Cramer Steven M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we employ parallel batch stability and chromatographic screens in concert with linear and step gradient experiments to develop a high yield, HCP clearance anion exchange capture process for lentiviral vector (LVV) purification. An initial broad resin screen is carried out to determine anion exchange‐based resins that exhibit high recovery of LVV. LVV stability is then evaluated and conditions are established where the vector exhibits good stability, namely phosphate buffer at pH 6.5–7.5, with low to moderate salt concentrations. A subsequent high‐throughput batch screen is then carried out with a subset of resins selected from the first screen under stable conditions to identify optimal wash and elution steps to further improve product yield and protein clearance. Linear gradient experiments are also conducted in mini‐column format to refine the operating conditions and final step gradient processes are established that exhibit greater than 70% yield of infectious LVV while also achieving up to 2.89 log reduction values (LRV) of HCPs during the process. The large set of stability and chromatographic data provided in this work represent an important contribution to knowledge in the field about the chromatographic efficacy of a wide range of resins for LVV bioprocessing under stable conditions.
Super Flexible Cathode Material with 3D Cross‐Linking System Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Boosting Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Huayu , Yan Chenyi , Xu Lin , Xu Nuo , Wu Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhouheng , Zhu Shoupu , Diao Guowang , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA flexible hydrogel cathode constructed by polyvinyl alcohol, MnO2and graphene was successfully prepared through repeated freeze‐thaw method, which formed complex 3D cross‐linking system with hydrogen bonding and inorganic particle reinforcement. The superior mechanical and electrochemical performance were balanced and obtained by controlling the content of MnO2(30 %) and H2O (10 %) of the total mass, respectively. As a result, this flexible hydrogel cathode delivered a high capacity of 164.2 mA h g−1at 1 A g−1and an outstanding cyclic stability after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, hydrogel matrix and graphene conductive network could effectively prevent volume expansion and pulverization of MnO2nanoparticles. And the electrochemical kinetic revealed that the main process was capacitive control, which confirmed the excellent ion transport to enhance storage performance of ZIBs. The soft package ZIBs provided stable power supply at different bending angles.
Kinetic Regulation Engineering and In‐Situ Spectroscopy Studies on Transition‐Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Guodong , Feng Mingyue , Wang Shiyu , Cheng Yu , Chen Jiajia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransition metal (TM)‐based catalysts are widely studied for their unique advantages in water splitting. Despite significant progress, efficient kinetic regulation strategies for TM‐based materials in electrocatalysis and real‐time monitoring of the dynamic evolution of reaction processes are still in the initial stages. Introducing heterogeneous components into the TM‐based catalyst and forming a specific interface are beneficial to adjust the catalyst interface environment and chemical adsorption behavior, thereby accelerating the kinetic process. In this review, the kinetic improvement strategies of TM‐based electrocatalysts are timely and comprehensively summarized, including interface engineering, defect engineering, doping engineering and crystal face engineering. The main in‐situ/in‐operando characterization methods, including Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, are further summarized. Finally, we outline the current challenges and identify the opportunities facing this emerging area.
Steam reforming of tar in hot syngas cleaning by different catalysts: Removal efficiency and coke layer characterization
Authors: Parrillo Francesco , Boccia Carmine , Ruoppolo Giovanna , Commodo Mario , Berruti Franco , Arena Umberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSyngas produced by biomass and waste gasification processes must be adequately clean of tar compounds before being utilized in value‐added applications. Syngas cleaning by tar cracking at high temperatures is a promising technique that can utilize different kinds of catalysts. However, their use is limited by the deposition of coke layers, which induces a masking phenomenon on the active surface, and, consequently, the rapid deactivation of the catalyst. This study addresses how the temperature (750 and 800°C) and the steam concentration (0% and 7.5%) can affect the extent of water–gas and reforming reactions between steam and coke deposits. Two catalysts were used: a market‐available activated carbon and an iron‐based alumina catalyst. The tests showed better performance of the Fe/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst. A mass increase of the bed was measured in tests with both the catalysts, which confirms the deposition of the coke layer produced by tar dehydrogenation and carbonization. Scanning electronic microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX) and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to investigate the nature of coke layers over the catalyst surface, with the aim of acquiring information about their reactivity towards the water gas reaction. SEM‐EDX observations indicate that the thickness of these carbon layers is less than 2 μm. Raman spectra suggest a negligible effect of the reaction temperature in the tested range and, in particular, that the amorphous nature of coke layers deposited in the presence of steam is relatively more graphitic than that obtained without steam.
Simulation of mass and heat transfer of Quercus leaf particles during hydrothermal extraction
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Guo Chensi , Chen Junying , Wang Lijun , Zhao Xiaoling , Chang Chun , Han Xiuli , Song Jiande 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMass and heat transfer models of Quercus leaf particles during hydrothermal extraction were developed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The main physical properties used in the model were measured. The results showed that the average particle size was 116.7 μm, and after soaking in water for 24 h, the average particle size increased to 127.3 μm. However, the average particle size increased from 116.7 to 132.8 μm after soaking in a 60% (v/v) ethanol solution for 40 min, and decreased to 127.3 μm after 60 min. The Quercus leaf particles have a higher ability to absorb ethanol solution than water. The simulations showed that it took 3.2 s for the ethanol concentration and 0.5 s for the temperature in the particles to tend stably after soaking in a 60% (v/v) ethanol solution at 40°C. From the edge of the particle to the centre, the increasing rates of ethanol concentration and temperature gradually slowed down, while the changing rates of the centre accelerated with the increase in solution concentration and temperature, respectively. When the particles soaked at the lowest concentration, the central concentration first reached stability, and at the lowest temperature, the centre temperature first stabilized.
Groundwater Quality Index Mapping for Irrigation Purposes in the El Hezma‐El Hmila Aquifer (Medenine, Tunisia)
Authors: Ben Brahim Fatma , Msaddki Hadhom , Bouri Salem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the El Hezma‐El Hmila region (Southeastern Tunisia), the Mio‐Plio‐quaternary aquifer is subject to excessive extraction of groundwater, leading to drops in potentiometric surfaces and a subsequent degradation of groundwater quality. Therefore, surveys have been conducted to provide some basic information on groundwater suitability. The assessment of the water quality for agricultural purposes is the principal aim of this study. To achieve this objective, an integrated approach to processing hydrogeological and geochemical data is used. The analytical physicochemical data from wells in the study area are processed with the geographic information system (GIS) using a multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA), simulationsgraphics, and an irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The two obtained IWQI maps based on GIS‐MCDA show different quality classes. In fact, using the weighted linear combination (WLC), only two classes (medium and low suitability with 11.5 and 88.5% of the study area, respectively) are displayed, whereas the Boolean logic model reveals four classes (good, permissible, doubtful, and unsuitable) for irrigation purposes. In this regard, the obtained results areconsidered an appropriate tool for agricultural planning as well as a guide for decision makers to identify areas where irrigation can be suitable without affecting both soil and water quality.
Examination of Structural and Electrical Properties of CuO‐Doped CdO Nanocomposites Produced by the Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Yildiz Tülay , Kati Nida , Gül Büşra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, pure CdO and CdO‐CuO nanopowders with different dopant concentrations are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Structural properties of the nanopowders are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), morphological properties and elemental analyses are characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), optical properties are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrical properties are characterized by the current–voltage technique. XRD data show that nanopowders are polycrystalline and crystallinity decreases with the doping concentration. In the analysis of FESEM images, it can be concluded that the morphology of the particles is shaped as needle‐like, spherical‐like, and randomly oriented nanorods forms from the cube form. Also, by joining those nanorods, spherical‐like microstructures occur, and while the dopant concentration increases, echinus‐like forms are obtained. The energy bandgap of the nanopowders decreases with an increased dopant concentration of CuO. It is observed that the dopant concentration of CuO also changes the electrical properties.
Treatment of cracked teeth: A comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Kakka Angeliki , Gavriil Dimitrios , Whitworth John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe term “cracked tooth” is used to describe an incomplete fracture initiated from the crown and progressing towards a subgingival direction. Despite the high prevalence of cracked teeth and their frequent association with symptoms and pulpal or periapical pathoses, there is still no consensus in the literature with regard to their restorative and endodontic management. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the most relevant research and provide an up‐to‐date comprehensive overview regarding the treatment of cracked teeth.Materials and MethodsAn electronic literature search was carried out in MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Scopus, and Web of Science as well as several “Grey literature” sources up to February 22nd 2022 using a combination of pre‐specified ‘free‐text' terms (keywords) and “subject headings.” The search process was supplemented by handsearching in relevant dental journals and reference lists. This narrative review focused on clinical follow‐up studies (observational or interventional studies, case series/reports), laboratory studies and systematic reviews written in English language that reported data on treatment of permanent cracked teeth. The selection of relevant studies was carried out by two reviewers (AK and DG) working independently in two consecutive stages: title/abstract screening and full‐text retrieval. Any discrepancies in the study selection were resolved by discussion between the reviewers.ResultsIn total, 64 articles were selected for inclusion in this narrative review.ConclusionsCracked teeth with normal pulp or reversible pulpitis have exhibited high pulp and tooth survival rates by the provision of direct or indirect composite restorations. Besides, recent data favour monitoring, especially in the absence of symptoms or compromised tooth structure. When endodontic intervention is required, current evidence suggests that along with appropriate restorative management, outcomes of cracked teeth may be comparable to those of non‐cracked root filled teeth.
A bibliometric performance analysis of publication productivity in the corporate social responsibility field: Outcomes ofSciValanalytics
Authors: Cucari Nicola , Tutore Ilaria , Montera Raffaella , Profita Sofia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) research in academia has been increasing over time, especially in recent years. Thus, the evaluation of relative research productivity is becoming increasingly relevant due to the current importance of this topic. The paper aims to investigate research productivity in the CSR field by performing a bibliometric analysis. An iterative search strategy was used to firstly identify productive CSR authors and then examine their productivity over a 5‐year period (2015–2020) using the SciVal tool by Elsevier. Drawing on the results from different bibliometric analyses, the study investigates quantitative and qualitative publication performance at the country (macro), institutional (meso) and individual (micro) levels. This study is the first bibliometric analysis on CSR that is not related to a specific journal and has a multi‐level nature by providing the groundwork in determining the knowledge structure of CSR.
Identification of growth hormone receptor as a relevant target for precision medicine in low‐EGFR expressing glioblastoma
Authors: Verreault Maïté , Segoviano Vilchis Irma , Rosenberg Shai , Lemaire Nolwenn , Schmitt Charlotte , Guehennec Jérémy , Royer‐Perron Louis , Thomas Jean‐Léon , Lam TuKiet T. , Dingli Florent , Loew Damarys , Ducray François , Paris Sophie , Carpentier Catherine , Marie Yannick , Laigle‐Donadey Florence , Rousseau Audrey , Pigat Natascha , Boutillon Florence , Bielle Franck , Mokhtari Karima , Frank Stuart J. , de Reyniès Aurélien , Hoang‐Xuan Khê , Sanson Marc , Goffin Vincent , Idbaih Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveNew therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients.MethodsWith the objective of identifying alternative oncogenic mechanisms to abnormally activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling, one of the most common oncogenic mechanisms in GBM, we performed a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in a series of 54 human GBM samples. We then conducted gain of function as well as genetic and pharmocological inhibition assays in GBM patient‐derived cell lines to functionnally validate our finding.ResultsWe identified that growth hormone receptor (GHR) signalling defines a distinct molecular subset of GBMs devoid of EGFR overexpression. GHR overexpression was detected in one third of patients and was associated with low levels of suppressor of cytokine signalling 2 (SOCS2) expression due to SOCS2 promoter hypermethylation. In GBM patient‐derived cell lines, GHR signalling modulates the expression of proteins involved in cellular movement, promotes cell migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro and promotes tumourigenesis, tumour growth, and tumour invasion in vivo. GHR genetic and pharmacological inhibition reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro.ConclusionThis study pioneers a new field of investigation to improve the prognosis of GBM patients.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vesperman Clayton J. , Wang Rui , Schultz Stephanie A. , Law Lena L. , Dougherty Ryan J. , Ma Yue , Oh Jennifer M. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Gallagher Catherine L. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Asthana Sanjay , Hermann Bruce P. , Sager Mark A. , Johnson Sterling C. , Cook Dane B. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and longitudinal cognitive functioning in a cohort enriched with risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsA total of 155 enrollees in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention completed repeat comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations that assessed six cognitive domains. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was the primary measure of CRF. Random effects regression was used to investigate the effect of CRF on cognitive trajectories.ResultsHigher CRF was associated with slower decline in the cognitive domains of verbal learning and memory (P < .01) and visual learning and memory (P < .042). Secondary analyses indicated that these effects were stronger among men than women, and for noncarriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele.DiscussionHigher CRF was associated with a slower rate of the decline in episodic memory that occurs as a natural consequence of aging in a cohort enriched with risk factors for AD.
Fast investigative lung cancer pathway and endobronchial ultrasound procedure supported by rapid on‐site evaluation
Authors: Khan Kashif Ali , Narine Nadira , Bailey Simon , Shelton David , Rana Durgesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionEBUS is a well‐established tool for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in a fast track investigative pathway. However, impact of ROSE in conjunction with EBUS on reduction of time to treatment decision (TTD) for cancer patients is less well known.AimsOur aim was to determine TTD which was defined as the number of working days from EBUS procedure to the discussion at sector lung multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT). Moreover, concordance of ROSE with final diagnosis was evaluated.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of a prospective data collection in a busy teaching hospital over a four months study period (September to December 2018).ResultsData from 112 patients was analyzed. There were 61 (54%) males. Mean age was of 70 years (range 43–91). WHO performance status was 0 in 20 (23%), 1 in 57 (51%), 2 in 22 (20%) and 3 in 7 (6%) patients. In total 522 needle passes were performed from 242 sampling sites.Average working days to discuss at MDT after optimal EBUS sampling was 2.087 (range 0–13 working days). ROSE concordance with final cytological diagnosis was 98.4%.The number of needle passes per site for adequate sample and diagnosis in malignant (4.929) vs non‐malignant (2.776) involvement was significantly different (p value <0.0001). There was 100% sample adequacy for preliminary diagnosis, immunohistochemistry and predictive molecular testing.ConclusionROSE supported fast‐investigative pathway by reducing the time to treatment decision (TTD) making at MDT. High concordance with final cytological diagnosis makes it an effective tool to inform meaningful decision making.
Molecular testing of soft tissue tumors
Authors: Rottmann Douglas , Abdulfatah Eman , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is challenging, especially when the evaluable material procured is limited. As a result, diagnostic ancillary testing is frequently needed. Moreover, there is a trend in soft tissue pathology toward increasing use of molecular results for tumor classification and prognostication. Hence, diagnosing newer tumor entities such as CIC‐rearranged sarcoma explicitly requires molecular testing. Molecular testing can be accomplished by in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, as well as next generation sequencing, and more recently such testing can even be accomplished leveraging an immunohistochemical proxy.ConclusionThis review evaluates the role of different molecular tests in characterizing soft tissue tumors belonging to various cytomorphologic categories that have been sampled by small biopsy and cytologic techniques.