bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood body mass index trajectories, adult-onset type 2 diabetes, and obesity-related cancers
Authors: Jensen Britt W , Aarestrup Julie , Blond Kim , Jørgensen Marit E , Renehan Andrew G , Vistisen Dorte , Baker Jennifer L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Elevated childhood body mass index (BMI), commonly examined as a “once-only” value, increases the risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Continuous exposure to adiposity during childhood may further increase cancer risk. We examined whether longitudinal childhood BMI trajectories were associated with adult obesity-related cancer and the role of adult-onset T2D in these associations.

Methods
Five sex-specific latent class BMI trajectories were generated for 301 927 children (149 325 girls) aged 6-15 years from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register. Information on obesity-related cancers and T2D was obtained from national health registers. Incidence rate ratios (IRR), cumulative incidences, and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Poisson regressions.

Results
Compared with the average childhood BMI trajectory (containing approximately 40% of individuals), the rate of obesity-related cancer (excluding breast cancer) increased with higher childhood BMI trajectories among women. The highest rates occurred in the overweight (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.38) and obesity (IRR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.08) BMI trajectories. Similar patterns were observed among men. In contrast, women with the obesity childhood BMI trajectory had the lowest rate of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer (IRR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.80, and IRR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.57, respectively). For all trajectories, the cumulative risk of obesity-related cancer increased with adult-onset T2D.

Conclusion
Consistent childhood overweight or obesity may increase the rates of adult obesity-related cancer and decrease the rates of breast cancer. Adult-onset T2D conferred additional risk for obesity-related cancer, but the effect did not differ across childhood BMI trajectories.
Epigenetic regulation of RARB overcomes the radio-resistance of colorectal carcinoma cells via cancer stem cells
Authors: Shu Yuxian , Lan Jun , Hu Zhaobing , Liu Weiguo , Song Rongfeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are able to survive after cancer therapies, leading to cancer progression and recurrence in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Therapies targeting CSCs are believed to be promising strategies for efficiently eradicating cancers. This study was to investigate that how retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) affected the biological characteristics of CSCs and radio-resistance in CRC and the epigenetic mechanism. The sensitivity of CSCs isolated from HCT116 cells to radiotherapy was reduced compared with the parental cells. Using database querying, we found that RARB was one of the most significantly downregulated gene in radio-resistant cells in CRC. Also, RARB was poorly expressed in our isolated CSCs, and overexpression of RARB inhibited the properties of CSCs and enhanced radiotherapy sensitivity. Mechanistically, the methylation of RARB was higher in CSCs compared with HCT116 cells, which was significantly reduced after the application of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-azaC). DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1) was found to be recruited into the RARB promoter. 5-AzaC treatment inhibited DNMT1 activity and improved radiotherapy sensitivity by promoting RARB expression. Our results imply that inhibition of DNMT1 can display a new mechanism for the epigenetic mediation of RARB in radio-resistant CRC.
Institutional analyses of refugee protection
Authors: Hamlin Rebecca 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article uses empirical institutional studies to illustrate the ways in which institutional analyses help scholars to understand key features of refugee protection, such as discretion, interpretation, compliance, and advocacy. The ideals of international law must be implemented in practice by people on the ground, and those people are embedded in institutions. Sometimes these institutions are elements of a powerful administrative state and sometimes they take the form of international organizations, which are themselves massive bureaucracies. Institutions shape and constrain the choices of decision-makers, they incentivize certain behaviours and discourage others, and when institutions interact with one another and pursue their agenda, they can create conflict. Institutional analyses help us to understand how law works, not just ‘on the books’, but in action, because they involve an examination of both the formal rules and the informal agency culture that helps shape outcomes.
Formation of the CH/CD molecules through radiative association of C with H/D
Authors: Jones (nee Burdakova) Daria , Gustafsson Magnus , Nyman Gunnar 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Reaction rate constants have been calculated for the formation of CH and CD molecules through radiative association of C and H/D atoms in their ground states. Quantum mechanical and semiclassical/classical methods were used to obtain the reaction cross-sections. Shape resonances and inverse pre-dissociation are accounted for with Breit–Wigner theory. The potential, permanent/transition dipole moment curves and experimental pre-dissociation widths are taken from the literature. The resulting reaction rate constants were fitted to the Kooij formula for use in astrochemical modelling. Our rate constant is 3.5 × 10−17 cm3 s−1 at 100 K and it peaks at 20 K, where it is 8.0 × 10−17 cm3 s−1. These values are larger than what has been obtained in earlier studies but not large enough to account for the interstellar abundance of CH.
The thermodynamics of stellar multiplicity: an analytic model for the dynamical evolution of binary star populations in dense stellar environments due to single–binary interactions
Authors: Leigh N W C , Stone N C , Webb J J , Lyra W 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We recently derived, using the density-of-states approximation, analytic distribution functions for the outcomes of direct single-binary scatterings. Using these outcome distribution functions, we present in this paper a self-consistent statistical mechanics-based analytic model obtained using the Fokker–Planck limit of the Boltzmann equation. Our model quantifies the dominant gravitational physics, combining both strong and weak single–binary interactions, which drives the time evolution of binary orbital parameter distributions in dense stellar environments. We focus in particular the distributions of binary orbital energies and eccentricities. We find a novel steady-state distribution of binary eccentricities, featuring strong depletions of both the highest and the lowest eccentricity binaries. In energy space, we compare the predictions of our analytic model to the results of numerical N-body simulations, and find that the agreement is good for the initial conditions considered here. This work is a first step towards the development of a fully self-consistent semi-analytic model for dynamically evolving binary star populations in dense stellar environments due to direct few-body interactions.
Polyarthritis presented in a patient with untreated chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Kikuchi Kenichi , Fukuda Koji , Hayashi Shinya , Maeda Toshihisa , Takashima Yoshinori , Fujita Masahiro , Ikuta Kenmei , Anjiki Kensuke , Tachibana Shotaro , Onoi Yuma , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke , Matsubara Tsukasa 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause arthritis, but it is rarely reported. In the current report, we present a case of chronic polyarthritis in a patient with untreated HBV infection. A 63-year-old woman suffering from polyarthritis in her fingers visited our institution. She had experienced exacerbations and remissions of polyarthritis for more than 20 years. She had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and had been treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by her primary care doctor, but the csDMARDs were discontinued at the request of the patient 10 years before the first visit to our hospital. The blood test showed negative for rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated peptides antibody but positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV-Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) were increased to 312.6 (IU/ml) and 4.6 (log copies/ml), respectively. Based on the results of abdominal computed tomography and echography, she was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Treatment for HBV infection was begun with oral tenofovir at 25 mg/day. The polyarthritis in her fingers gradually disappeared and has not relapsed for 6 months after the initiation of treatment for HBV infection. When polyarthritis is diagnosed, the possibility that chronic HBV infection can be one of the causes of polyarthritis should be considered.
gutMDisorder v2.0: a comprehensive database for dysbiosis of gut microbiota in phenotypes and interventions
Authors: Qi Changlu , Cai Yiting , Qian Kai , Li Xuefeng , Ren Jialiang , Wang Ping , Fu Tongze , Zhao Tianyi , Cheng Liang , Shi Lei , Zhang Xue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining host health, and conversely, disorders potentially lead to dysbiosis, an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbial community. Intervention approaches, such as medications, diets, and several others, also alter the gut microbiota in either a beneficial or harmful direction. In 2020, the gutMDisorder was developed to facilitate researchers in the investigation of dysbiosis of gut microbes as occurs in various disorders as well as with therapeutic interventions. The database has been updated this year, following revision of previous publications and newly published reports to manually integrate confirmed associations under multitudinous conditions. Additionally, the microbial contents of downloaded gut microbial raw sequencing data were annotated, the metadata of the corresponding hosts were manually curated, and the interactive charts were developed to enhance visualization. The improvements have assembled into gutMDisorder v2.0, a more advanced search engine and an upgraded web interface, which can be freely accessed via http://bio-annotation.cn/gutMDisorder/.
Spatial transcriptomic analysis delineates epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations and transition stages in childhood ependymoma
Authors: Fu Rui , Norris Gregory A , Willard Nicholas , Griesinger Andrea M , Riemondy Kent A , Amani Vladimir , Grimaldo Enrique , Harris Faith , Hankinson Todd C , Mitra Siddhartha , Ritzmann Timothy A , Grundy Richard R , Foreman Nicholas K , Donson Andrew M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe diverse cellular constituents of childhood brain tumor ependymoma, recently revealed by single cell RNA-sequencing, may underly therapeutic resistance. Here we use spatial transcriptomics to further advance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment, mapping cellular subpopulations to the tumor architecture of ependymoma posterior fossa subgroup A (PFA), the commonest and most deadly childhood ependymoma variant.MethodsSpatial transcriptomics data from intact PFA sections was deconvoluted to resolve the histological arrangement of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types. Key findings were validated using immunohistochemistry, in vitro functional assays and outcome analysis in clinically-annotated PFA bulk transcriptomic data.ResultsPFA are comprised of epithelial and mesenchymal histological zones containing a diversity of cellular states, each zone including co-existing and spatially distinct undifferentiated progenitor-like cells; a quiescent mesenchymal zone population, and a second highly mitotic progenitor population that is restricted to hypercellular epithelial zones and that is more abundant in progressive tumors. We show that myeloid cell interaction is the leading cause of mesenchymal transition in PFA, occurring in zones spatially distinct from hypoxia-induced mesenchymal transition, and these distinct EMT-initiating processes were replicated using in vitro models of PFA.ConclusionsThese insights demonstrate the utility of spatial transcriptomics to advance our understanding of ependymoma biology, revealing a clearer picture of the cellular constituents of PFA, their interactions and influence on tumor progression.
Synchrotron-based characterization of metal halide perovskites: advances and prospects from Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory sources
Authors: Szostak Rodrigo , Tolentino Hélio Cesar Nogueira , Nogueira Ana Flavia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received much attention in the past years due to their fast efficiency rise, low cost and easy preparation. However, several fundamental aspects still need better understanding before PSC is mature for the market. Here, we present a short review of the use of in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) techniques for characterizing hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites. These techniques provide relevant information and allow a deeper understanding of the properties of PSC materials helping to improve their properties. Perspectives and challenges for the use of nano-scanning are also discussed.
Daidzein Hydroxylation by CYP81E63 Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of Miroestrol in Pueraria mirifica
Authors: Suntichaikamolkul Nithiwat , Akashi Tomoyoshi , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Sanachai Kamonpan , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Bassard Jean-Etienne , Schaller Hubert , De-Eknamkul Wanchai , Vimolmangkang Sornkanok , Yamazaki Mami , Sirikantaramas Supaart 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
White Kwao Krua (Pueraria candollei var. mirifica), a Thai medicinal plant, is a rich source of phytoestrogens, especially isoflavonoids and chromenes. These phytoestrogens are well known; however, their biosynthetic genes remain largely uncharacterized. Cytochrome P450 (P450) is a large protein family that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of various compounds in plants, including phytoestrogens. Thus, we focused on P450s involved in the isoflavone hydroxylation that potentially participates in the biosynthesis of miroestrol. Three candidate P450s were isolated from the transcriptome libraries by considering the phylogenetic and expression data of each tissue of P. mirifica. The candidate P450s were functionally characterized both in vitro and in planta. Accordingly, the yeast microsome harboring PmCYP81E63 regiospecifically exhibited either 2′ or 3′ daidzein hydroxylation and genistein hydroxylation. Based on in silico calculation, PmCYP81E63 had higher binding energy with daidzein than with genistein, which supported the in vitro result of the isoflavone specificity. To confirm in planta function, the candidate P450s were then transiently co-expressed with isoflavone-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Despite no daidzein in the infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves, genistein and hydroxygenistein biosynthesis were detectable by liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, we demonstrated that PmCYP81E63 interacted with several enzymes related to isoflavone biosynthesis using bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies and a yeast two-hybrid analysis, suggesting a scheme of metabolon formation in the pathway. Our findings provide compelling evidence regarding the involvement of PmCYP81E63 in the early step of the proposed miroestrol biosynthesis in P. mirifica.
High-purity magnesium screws modulate macrophage polarization during the tendon–bone healing process in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model
Authors: Cheng PengFei , Weng ZhenJun , Hamushan Musha , Cai Weijie , Zhang Yubo , Ren Zun , Sun Yunchu , Zhang XiaoNong , Shen Hao , Han Pei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) screws perform clinical potential in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration at the femoral entrance. We aim to prove that high-purity Magnesium (HP Mg) screws modulate macrophage polarization in fibrocartilage interface regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. HP Mg extracts performed good cytocompatibility and significantly promoted M2 macrophage polarization in the flow cytometry and ELISA assays. M2 macrophages stimulated fibrochondrocyte differentiation of co-cultured hBMSCs, and HP Mg extracts had synergistic effect on the process. Then we applied HP Mg screws, with Ti screws as control, in the ACL reconstruction rabbit model. In the histological and immunofluorescence analysis, HP Mg screws inhibited M1 polarization at 2 weeks and highly promoted M2 polarization at 2 and 4 weeks at the tendon–bone interface. Furthermore, regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses, rather than the fibrovascular scar interface, was detected in the HP Mg group at 12 weeks. For further mechanism study via RNA-seq detection and WB assays, we found that AKT1 was highly activated in M2 polarization, and HP Mg could stimulate AKT1 expression, rather than AKT2, in the early phase of tendon–bone healing. Our study elucidated macrophage polarization during tendon–bone healing process and emphasized HP Mg on M2 polarization and fibrocartilage interface regeneration via the selective activation of AKT1 and PI3K/AKT pathway.
TCDD induces cleft palate through exosomes derived from mesenchymal cells
Authors: Chen Qiang , Xie Yue , Dong Xiaobo , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Yunxuan , Yuan Xingang , Ding Xionghui , Qiu Lin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant and a notable teratogenic agent for cleft palate (CP), a common congenital structural malformation that can result from abnormalities during palatal shelf connection and/or fusion. The development of the palate requires precise coordination between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells and participate in organ development by transferring various bioactive molecules between cells and regulating cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); these vesicles represent a new method of intercellular communication. To explore how TCDD could influence palatal cell behaviors and communication, we treated mesenchymal cells with TCDD, collected the exosomes secreted by the cells, assessed the 2 types of palatal cells, and then observed the effects of TCDD-induced exosomes. We found that the effects of TCDD-induced exosomes were equal to those of TCDD. Thus, TCDD might change the genetic materials of palatal cells and exosomes to cause dysregulated gene expression from parental cells, affect cellular information communicators, and induce abnormal cellular behaviors that could lead to CP.
First evidence of nanoparticle uptake through leaves and roots in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Ballikaya Paula , Brunner Ivano , Cocozza Claudia , Grolimund Daniel , Kaegi Ralf , Murazzi Maria Elvira , Schaub Marcus , Schönbeck Leonie C , Sinnet Brian , Cherubini Paolo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trees have been used for phytoremediation and as biomonitors of air pollution. However, the mechanisms by which trees mitigate nanoparticle pollution in the environment are still unclear. We investigated whether two important tree species, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), are able to take up and transport differently charged gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) into their stem by comparing leaf-to-root and root-to-leaf pathways. Au-NPs were taken up by roots and leaves, and a small fraction was transported to the stem in both species. Au-NPs were transported from leaves to roots but not vice versa. Leaf Au uptake was higher in beech than in pine, probably because of the higher stomatal density and wood characteristics of beech. Confocal (3D) analysis confirmed the presence of Au-NPs in trichomes and leaf blade, about 20–30 μm below the leaf surface in beech. Most Au-NPs likely penetrated into the stomatal openings through diffusion of Au-NPs as suggested by the 3D XRF scanning analysis. However, trichomes were probably involved in the uptake and internal immobilization of NPs, besides their ability to retain them on the leaf surface. The surface charge of Au-NPs may have played a role in their adhesion and uptake, but not in their transport to different tree compartments. Stomatal conductance did not influence the uptake of Au-NPs. This is the first study that shows nanoparticle uptake and transport in beech and pine, contributing to a better understanding of the interactions of NPs with different tree species.
Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genusCandovia(Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches
Authors: Forni Giobbe , Cussigh Alex , Brock Paul D , Jones Braxton R , Nicolini Filippo , Martelossi Jacopo , Luchetti Andrea , Mantovani Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Phasmida genus Candovia comprises nine traditionally recognized species, all endemic to Australia. In this study, Candovia diversity is explored through molecular species-delimitation analyses using the COIFol gene fragment and phylogenetic inferences leveraging seven additional mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Molecular results were integrated with morphological observations, leading us to confirm the already described species and to the delineation of several new taxa and of the new genus Paracandovia. New Candovia species from various parts of Queensland and New South Wales are described and illustrated (C. alata sp. nov., C. byfieldensis sp. nov., C. dalgleishae sp. nov., C. eungellensis sp. nov., C. karasi sp. nov., C. koensi sp. nov. andC. wollumbinensis sp. nov.). New combinations are proposed and species removed from synonymy with the erection of the new genus Paracandovia (P. cercata stat. rev., comb. nov., P. longipes stat. rev., comb. nov., P. pallida comb. nov., P. peridromes comb. nov., P. tenera stat. rev., comb. nov.). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the egg capitulum may have independently evolved multiple times throughout the evolutionary history of these insects. Furthermore, two newly described species represent the first taxa with fully developed wings in this previously considered apterous clade.
Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia in Patients Receiving Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support With an Impella Device
Authors: Houry Erin A. , Gengler Brooke E. , Alberts Justin L. , Van Tuyl Joseph S. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the time course of thrombocytopenia in patients with Impella devices (Abiomed, Danvers, MA).

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective, multicenter review of electronic medical records at a large hospital system from April 2018 to August 2020.

SETTING:
Electronic medical records of patients at SSM Health hospitals were reviewed.

PATIENTS:
Patients 18–89 years old admitted to an SSM Health hospital from April 2018 to August 2020 who received greater than or equal to 24 hours of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) with an Impella device were included. Exclusion criteria were use of other pMCS devices, history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and presence of device upon transfer from an outside hospital.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Ninety-three patients were included. The median duration of pMCS was 63.5 hours. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 86% of patients and was evident 24 hours after device placement. The platelet nadir occurred 84 hours after device placement. Platelet recovery occurred 86.5 hours after device removal. The duration of thrombocytopenia was 156 hours. Signs of hemolysis were present in 44.09% of patients, were evident 12–24 hours after device placement, and resolved after device removal.

CONCLUSIONS:
Thrombocytopenia occurred in the majority of patients and was evident 24 hours after device placement. The time course of thrombocytopenia mirrored that of hemolysis.