bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Considerations in Face Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shpigel Melanie , Othman Sammy , Cohn Jason E. , Hill Christopher , Bundrick Paige , Santiago Gabriel F. , Gordon Chad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Vascularized composite allotransplantation of the face is an exceedingly complex procedure, requiring extensive planning and surgical precision in order to successfully manage patients with facial disfigurements. This review aims to present an overview of the salient anatomic considerations in facial transplantation, as well as give attention to unique patient populations and special considerations.
A literature review was performed in search of articles pertaining to considerations in facial transplantation using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Articles selected for further review included full-text articles with an emphasis on specific anatomic defects and how they were addressed in the transplant process, as well as management of special patient populations undergoing facial transplantation. In total, 19 articles were deemed appropriate for inclusion.
The use of computer-assisted technologies for the planning portion of the procedure, as well as intraoperative efficiency, has yielded favorable results and can be considered as part of the operative plan. The ultimate outcome is dependent upon the synchronization of subunits of the allograft and the desired functional outcomes, including osseous, ocular, oral, and otologic considerations. Management of specific pathology and subgroups of patients are critical aspects. Although pediatric face transplantation has not yet been performed, it is a likely a future step in the evolution of this procedure.
When performing a face transplantation, many components must be considered pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. This systematic review presents specific anatomic considerations, as well as information about special patient populations within this crosssection of multidisciplinary microsurgery, psychiatry, and transplant immunology.
Pediatric Dog Bite Injuries: A 5-Year Nationwide Study and Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Plana Natalie M. , Kalmar Christopher L. , Cheung Liana , Swanson Jordan W. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Although single institution studies have analyzed various animal attacks, there has not been multicenter investigation into dog bites in children. The purpose of this study was to characterize national trends and investigate the characteristics of pediatric dog bites.

Methods:
Aretrospective cohort study was conducted of pediatric dog bite injuries in the United States from 2015 to 2020 using the Pediatric Health Information System national database. Patient characteristics, injury locations, and need for intervention were analyzed. Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square, and Fisher exact test, and linear multivariate regressions were performed for statistical analysis of data values; statistical significance was maintained at P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 56,106 patients were included, majority male (55.1%) with a median age 6.8 years (interquartile range 3.5–10.6). Incidence peaked in July (median =1217) with nadirs in February (median = 760). A substantial increase in bites was seen per overall Emergency Department presentations during the pandemic. Most common bite location was the head (62.1%), followed by the upper extremity (25.1%). Relative proportions of dog bites to the face gradually decreased with age (B = –3.4%/year, P< 0.001), whereas proportions to the upper extremities (B = + 1.9%/year, P < 0.001) and lower extremities (B = + 1.6%/year, P = 0.002) gradually increased with age. Overall, 8.0% patients required repair in the operating suite. injuries isolated to the head (OR= 2.6, P< 0.001) and those to multiple anatomic regions were more likely to require operative intervention [operating room (OR= 2.6, P< 0.001)].

Conclusions:
Dog bites most commonly occur during the summer in school-aged boys. Toddlers disproportionately suffer injuries to the head, with a trend towards upper extremity bites in teenagers. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic ushered a spike in dog bite presentations among Emergency Department visits, further underscoring the need for targeted educational initiatives to halt the persistence of these preventable injuries.
Radiographic and Clinical Analysis of Cranio-Maxillofacial Complications of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Among 256 COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Shukhrat Boymuradov A. , Dar-Odeh Najla , Dilnoza Bobamuratova T. , Dildora Rustamova A. , Matluba Khalmatova A. , Yokub Kurbanov K. , Ravshan Umarov Z. , Gulbahor Rakhmonova E. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
A heavy burden of cranio-maxillofacial complications may be encountered in corona virus disease-2019 patients due to the associated coagulopathy and inflammatory consequences of the disease. This study aims to describe clinical and radiographic features of these complications in 256 patients who developed 1 or more of the following complications: cavernous sinus thrombosis, osteomyelitis or necrosis of the jaws.

Methods:
Clinical assessment of cranial nerve function and general clinical assessment were performed. Imaging techniques used were multi-slice computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and MRI with contrast enhancement.

Results:
Thromboembolism of brain and facial blood vessels were associated with inflammation and necrosis. Multi-slice computed tomography/MR angiography showed thrombotic occlusions of the internal carotid artery in the area of the cavernous sinus, and in the ophthalmic veins. Cavernous sinus thrombosis was attributed to coagulopathy and, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, especially sphenoiditis. A noticeable increase in the size of the cavernous sinus was detected. Compression of the cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus (CS) region causes dysfunction and pathology in the corresponding regions.
Fecal Microbiota Transfer Attenuates Gut Dysbiosis and Functional Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Davis Booker T. , Chen Zhangying , Islam Mecca B.A.R. , Timken Madeline E. , Procissi Daniele , Schwulst Steven J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an underrecognized public health threat. Survivors of TBI often suffer long-term neurocognitive deficits leading to the progressive onset of neurodegenerative disease. Recent data suggests that the gut-brain axis is complicit in this process. However, no study has specifically addressed whether fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) attenuates neurologic deficits after TBI.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that fecal microbiota transfer would attenuate neurocognitive, anatomic, and pathologic deficits after TBI.

Methods:
C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to severe TBI (n = 20) or sham-injury (n = 20) via an open-head controlled cortical impact. Post-injury, this cohort of mice underwent weekly oral gavage with a slurry of healthy mouse stool or vehicle alone beginning 1 h post-TBI followed by behavioral testing and neuropathologic analysis. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed to characterize gut microbial community structure pre- and post-injury. Zero maze and open field testing were used to evaluate post-traumatic anxiety, exploratory behavior, and generalized activity. 3D, contrast enhanced, magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine differences in cortical volume loss and white matter connectivity. Prior to euthanasia, brains were harvested for neuropathologic analysis.

Results:
Fecal microbiome analysis revealed a large variance between TBI, and sham animals treated with vehicle, while FMT treated TBI mice had restoration of gut dysbiosis back to levels of control mice. Neurocognitive testing demonstrated a rescue of normal anxiety-like and exploratory behavior in TBI mice treated with FMT. FMT treated TBI mice spent a greater percentage of time (22%, P = 0.0001) in the center regions of the Open Field as compared to vehicle treated TBI mice (13%). Vehicle-treated TBI animals also spent less time (19%) in the open areas of zero maze than FMT treated TBI mice (30%, P = 0.0001). Comparing in TBI mice treated with FMT, MRI demonstrated a marked attenuation in ventriculomegaly (P < 0.002) and a significant change in fractional anisotropy (i.e., loss of white matter connectivity) (P < 0.0001). Histologic analysis of brain sections revealed a FMT- injury dependent interaction in the microglia/macrophage-specific ionized calcium-binding protein, Iba1 (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
These data suggest that restoring a pre-injury gut microbial community structure may be a promising therapeutic intervention after TBI.
Circular RNA UBAP2 (hsa_circ_0007367) Correlates with Microcirculatory Perfusion and Predicts Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Li Jiani , Yu Zhexuan , Zeng Jianfeng , Liu Zhaoyuan , Zhao Zongkai , Zhang Yu , Li Guanhua 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Severe microcirculatory disturbance is common in patients with cardiogenic shock necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), however, biomarkers linked to microcirculation and clinical outcome are scarce. Herein we identified a circular RNA, hsa_circ_0007367, rooted from the ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (UBAP2) gene, namely circUBAP2, and evaluated its biological function and the associations with microcirculation and the prognosis.

Methods:
Patients on ECMO with cardiogenic shock were included if qualified sublingual microcirculation parameters could be obtained and were categorized into the survivor group or non-survivor group. Macro-circulatory, microcirculatory data, cytokine levels, and relative circUBAP2 expressions were collected before, at 24 h, and at ECMO weaning off, respectively. The effects of circUBAP2 on the migration, polarization, cytokine productions, and inflammatory pathways in macrophage NR8383 cells were investigated using in vitro methods.

Results:
Thirty-three patients with an average age of 58.0 years were enrolled, including 19 survivors and 14 non-survivors. The survivors had higher small vessel density, perfused small vessel density (PSVD), and microvascular flow index (MFI) throughout the ECMO course than did the non-survivors. Relative expression of circUBAP2 (hsa_circ_0007367) correlated with the microcirculatory parameters and satisfactorily predicted the 30-day in-hospital mortality. A multivariable logistic model was developed, showing following four predictors: age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.12), time from shock to ECMO (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20), PVSD (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.89), and the circUBAP2 expression (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08–0.78). In addition, circUBAP2 inhibited the migratory activity and promoted M2 polarization in macrophages, declining the productions of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Conclusion:
The expression of circUBAP2 correlates with microcirculatory perfusion and has the potential in predicting outcomes for on-ECMO patients with cardiogenic shock.
Length of Stay and 30-Day Postoperative Complications Following Minimally Invasive Apical Prolapse Repair
Authors: Dieter Alexis A. , Moore Kristin J. , Willis-Gray Marcella G. , Gutman Robert E. , Iglesia Cheryl B. , Carey Erin T. 
Published: June 2022

Importance
Data on the correlation between length of stay and postoperative complications following urogynecologic surgery are limited.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to use a nationwide database to examine the correlation between length of stay and 30-day postoperative complications following minimally invasive apical prolapse repair.

Study Design
This retrospective cohort study included women in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2008 to 2018 who underwent laparoscopic/robotic sacrocolpopexy or uterosacral/sacrospinous repair and were discharged on postoperative day 0 (POD0) or 1 (POD1). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative complication rate.

Results
Of the 28,269 women discharged home on POD0/1, 12,663 (45%) underwent laparoscopic/robotic sacrocolpopexy, and 15,606 (55%) underwent uterosacral/sacrospinous repair. Women discharged on POD0 were less likely to be White, less likely to have diabetes or hypertension, had lower mean body mass index, and were less likely to have undergone a hysterectomy (P < 0.05 for all). Within 30 days of surgery, 7% had a postoperative complication, and 3% had a major complication. Women discharged on POD0 had a lower risk of any complication or any major complication. The most common complication, urinary tract infection, was lower in women discharged on POD0 (3% vs 4%, P < 0.01). Women discharged home on the same day had a higher risk of superficial surgical site infection after undergoing laparoscopic/robotic sacrocolpopexy (1.3% vs 0.5%, P < 0.01) and a higher risk of myocardial infarction/cardiac arrest after uterosacral/sacrospinous repair (0.2% vs 0%, P < 0.04).

Conclusions
In women undergoing minimally invasive reconstructive apical repair, discharge on POD0 is correlated with similar or better (lower) 30-day postoperative complication rates compared with women discharged on POD1.
Vicarious touch: overlapping neural patterns between seeing and feeling touch
Authors: Smit S. , Moerel D. , Zopf R. , Rich A.N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSimulation theories propose that vicarious touch arises when seeing someone else being touched triggers corresponding representations of being touched. Prior electroencephalography (EEG) findings show that seeing touch modulates both early and late somatosensory responses (measured with or without direct tactile stimulation). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that seeing touch increases somatosensory cortical activation. These findings have been taken to suggest that when we see someone being touched, we simulate that touch in our sensory systems. The somatosensory overlap when seeing and feeling touch differs between individuals, potentially underpinning variation in vicarious touch experiences. Increases in amplitude (EEG) or cerebral blood flow response (fMRI), however, are limited in that they cannot test for the information contained in the neural signal: seeing touch may not activate the sameinformationas feeling touch. Here, we use time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis on whole-brain EEG data from people with and without vicarious touch experiences to test whether seen touch evokes overlapping neural representations with the first-hand experience of touch. Participants felt touch to the fingers (tactiletrials) or watched carefully matched videos of touch to another person’s fingers (visualtrials). In both groups, EEG was sufficiently sensitive to allow decoding of touch location (little finger vs. thumb) ontactiletrials. However, only in individuals who reported feeling touch when watching videos of touch could a classifier trained ontactiletrials distinguish touch location onvisualtrials. This demonstrates that, for people who experience vicarious touch, there is overlap in the information about touch location held in the neural patterns when seeing and feeling touch. The timecourse of this overlap implies that seeing touch evokes similar representations tolater stagesof tactile processing. Therefore, while simulation may underlie vicarious tactile sensations, our findings suggest this involves an abstracted representation of directly felt touch.
Real-time molecular classification of leukemias
Authors: Sagniez Mélanie , Simpson Shawn M. , Caron Maxime , Rozendaal Marieke , Paré Bastien , Sontag Thomas , Langlois Sylvie , Rouette Alexandre , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Cellot Sonia , Sinnett Daniel , Tran Thai Hoa , Smith Martin A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGene expression profiling provides a detailed molecular snapshot of cellular phenotypes that can be used to compare different biological conditions. Nanopore sequencing technology can generate high-resolution transcriptomic data in real-time and at low cost, which heralds new opportunities for molecular medicine. In this study, we demonstrate the clinical utility of real-time transcriptomic profiling by processing RNA sequencing data from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients on-the-fly with a trained neural network classifier. This strategy successfully distinguished 11/12 representative ALL molecular subtypes and one non-leukemia control in as little as 5 minutes of sequencing on a MinION sequencer or in less than 1 hour on disposable, low cost Flongle flow cells. Our findings suggest that real-time transcriptomics constitutes a drastically efficient solution for the molecular diagnosis of ALL and other diseases, where conventional clinical workflows require days if not weeks to achieve similar results.
Acute inhibition of the STA3 signaling pathway during epileptogenesis prevent GABAergic cells’ loss and imprinting of epileptic state: an in-vitro proof
Authors: Martín-Suárez S. , Cortes JM , Bonifazi P. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTEpilepsy, the condition of recurrent unprovoked seizures resulting from a wide variety of causes, is one of the world’s most prominent brain syndrome. Seizures which are an expression of neuronal network dysfunction occur in a positive feedback loop of concomitant factors where seizures generate more seizures, including also neuro-inflammatory responses. Among other pathways involved in inflammatory responses, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been proposed to prevent epilepsy. In this work we tested on a model of temporal lobe epilepsy in-vitro, the hypothesis that acute inhibition of STAT3-phosphorylation - during epileptogenesis, can prevent structural damages in the hippocampal circuits, and the imprinting both of neural epileptic activity and inflammatory glial states. We performed calcium imaging of spontaneous circuits’ dynamics in organotypic hippocampal slices previously exposed to hyper-excitable conditions through the blockage of GABAergic synaptic transmission. Epileptogenic conditions lead to imprinted epileptic dynamics in the circuits in terms of higher frequency of neuronal firing and circuits’ synchronizations, higher correlated activity in neuronal pairs and decreased complexity in synchronization patterns. Acute inhibition of the STAT3-phosphorylation during epileptogenesis, prevented the imprinting of epileptic activity patterns, general cell loss, GABAergic cells’ loss and the persistence of inflammatory reactive glial states. This work provides further evidence that inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway under epileptogenesis can prevent patho-topological reorganization of neuro-glial circuits.
Effects of woody riparian vegetation on macroinvertebrates are context-specific and large in urban and especially agricultural landscapes
Authors: Palt Martin , Hering Daniel , Kail Jochem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWoody riparian vegetation (WRV) benefits benthic macroinvertebrates. However, in recent large scale studies, the effects of WRV on macroinvertebrates were small compared to catchment landuse, raising the question about the relevance of WRV in restoration. Limited effects of WRV might be due to context specificity: While some functions are provided by WRV irrespective of catchment landuse, others depend on the landscape setting.Recursive partitioning modelling was used to identify context dependent effects of WRV on streams macroinvertebrates’ ecological status in small lowland (n = 361) and mountain streams (n = 748). WRV cover was quantified from orthophotos along the near (500 m) and far (5,000 m) upstream river network and used to predict the site’s ecological status. Agricultural, urban and woodland cover at the local and catchment scales along with hydromorphology were considered as partitioning variables.In rural agricultural landscapes, the effect of WRV on the ecological status was large, indicating that establishing WRV can improve the ecological status by as much as two classes.In streams impacted by catchment urbanization, effects of WRV were largest, but WRV cover and ecological status were both low, indicating practical limitations of WRV restoration in urban catchments.Synthesis and applications:Independent effects of WRV on macroinvertebrates’ ecological status can be discerned from catchment landuse. While WRV can also improve the ecological status in urban settings, it is especially relevant for river management in rural agricultural catchments, where developing WRV potentially are effective measures to reach good ecological status
Primate neocortex performs balanced sensory amplification
Authors: Pattadkal Jagruti J. , Zemelman Boris V. , Fiete Ila , Priebe Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSensory cortex amplifies relevant features of external stimuli. This sensitivity and selectivity arise through the transformation of inputs by cortical circuitry. We characterize the circuit mechanisms and dynamics of cortical amplification by making large-scale simultaneous measurements of single cells in awake primates and by testing computational models. By comparing network activity in both driven and spontaneous states with models, we identify the circuit as operating in a regime of balanced amplification. Incoming inputs are strongly but transiently amplified by recurrent excitation. Inhibition acts to counterbalance this excitation by rapidly quenching responses, thereby permitting tracking of time-varying stimuli.One-Sentence SummarySensory cortex uses balanced excitatory and inhibitory circuitry to boost weak signals while maintaining fast sensory dynamics in a changing environment.
MB-SupCon: Microbiome-based predictive models via Supervised Contrastive Learning
Authors: Yang Sen , Wang Shidan , Wang Yiqing , Rong Ruichen , Kim Jiwoong , Li Bo , Koh Andrew Y. , Xiao Guanghua , Li Qiwei , Liu Dajiang , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman microbiome consists of trillions of microorganisms. Microbiota can modulate the host physiology through molecule and metabolite interactions. Integrating microbiome and metabolomics data have the potential to predict different diseases more accurately. Yet, most datasets only measure microbiome data but without paired metabolome data. Here, we propose a novel integrative modeling framework, Microbiome-based Supervised Contrastive Learning Framework (MB-SupCon). MB-SupCon integrates microbiome and metabolome data to generate microbiome embeddings, which can be used to improve the prediction accuracy in datasets that only measure microbiome data. As a proof of concept, we applied MB-SupCon on 720 samples with paired 16S microbiome data and metabolomics data from patients with type 2 diabetes. MB-SupCon outperformed existing prediction methods and achieves high average prediction accuracies for insulin resistance status (84.62%), sex (78.98%), and race (80.04%). Moreover, the microbiome embeddings form separable clusters for different covariate groups in the lower-dimensional space, which enhances data visualization. We also applied MB-SupCon on a large inflammatory bowel disease study and observed similar advantages. Thus, MB-SupCon could be broadly applicable to improve microbiome prediction models in multi-omics disease studies.