bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A large dataset of white blood cells containing cell locations and types, along with segmented nuclei and cytoplasm
Authors: Kouzehkanan Zahra Mousavi , Saghari Sepehr , Tavakoli Sajad , Rostami Peyman , Abaszadeh Mohammadjavad , Mirzadeh Farzaneh , Satlsar Esmaeil Shahabi , Gheidishahran Maryam , Gorgi Fatemeh , Mohammadi Saeed , Hosseini Reshad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate and early detection of anomalies in peripheral white blood cells plays a crucial role in the evaluation of well-being in individuals and the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic diseases. For example, some blood disorders and immune system-related diseases are diagnosed by the differential count of white blood cells, which is one of the common laboratory tests. Data is one of the most important ingredients in the development and testing of many commercial and successful automatic or semi-automatic systems. To this end, this study introduces a free access dataset of normal peripheral white blood cells called Raabin-WBC containing about 40,000 images of white blood cells and color spots. For ensuring the validity of the data, a significant number of cells were labeled by two experts. Also, the ground truths of the nuclei and cytoplasm are extracted for 1145 selected cells. To provide the necessary diversity, various smears have been imaged, and two different cameras and two different microscopes were used. We did some preliminary deep learning experiments on Raabin-WBC to demonstrate how the generalization power of machine learning methods, especially deep neural networks, can be affected by the mentioned diversity. Raabin-WBC as a public data in the field of health can be used for the model development and testing in different machine learning tasks including classification, detection, segmentation, and localization.
The Fate of Nonoperative Management in Patients with Lytic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Sinha Siddharth , George K. Joshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background There is a lack of consensus within the current literature about the role of nonoperative management in lytic spondylolisthesis. Our objective was to assess the fate that nonoperative management plays in patients diagnosed with lytic spondylolisthesis.
Methods Data were collected between May 2015 and February 2020 from 41 patients who were initially referred specifically for instrumented lumbar fixation but were instead planned for nonoperative management as they opted to avoid surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were used to determine spondylolisthesis grade, type of deformity, and radiologic features. Patient notes were reviewed to establish management plans. Furthermore, patients were also contacted via telephone to assess their symptoms and disease progression.
Results Twenty-six of the 41 patients had lytic spondylolisthesis (63.4%). Of these patients, the male-to-female ratio was 10:16. The median age was 60 (range: 22–76) years. A total of 12 patients were managed nonoperatively for 5 years or longer, with 2 patients showing progression from grade I to II.
Conclusion Nonoperative management of lytic spondylolisthesis is a reasonable option in a selected cohort of patients. The longer in duration patients are managed conservatively, the less likely they are to require a surgical intervention. Even severe radiologic foraminal stenosis without radicular pain does not seem to push patients toward surgery. Management decisions must be made on an individual basis. These data can give some reassurance to patients who wish to consider nonoperative management and help guide clinicians.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopentene-Indanediones from Isocyanides, Acetylenic Esters, and NH-Acidic Compounds
Authors: Yavari Issa , Ravaghi Parisa , Safaei Maryam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclopentene-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diones through a three-component reaction of alkyl isocyanides, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and 2-(alkylamino)-2-(1,3-dioxo-1H-inden-2(3H)-ylidene)acetonitriles is described. This reaction forms two stereogenic centers with remarkable diastereoselectivity. The crystal structure of a typical product has been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Design of a helical resonator with improved figure of merit
Authors: Nandi J. , Sikdar A. K. , Das P. , Ray A. 
Published: January 2022

A helical resonator serves as a key element for the detection of the trapped charged particles in a Penning trap. In order to compare the performance of the helical resonators, the concept of figure of merit (FOM) was introduced by Ulmer et al. [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 705, 55–60 (2013)]. In this work, we optimized the geometrical parameters of a resonator by numerical simulations keeping its outer dimensions and the diameter of the copper wire fixed and obtained the best possible value of FOM under these constraints. The corresponding 95 MHz helical resonator has been designed and fabricated, and its measured value of FOM is in good agreement with the simulated values. An empirical relationship between the total length of the wire to make the helical coil and the resonance frequency has been obtained. The simulations show that the FOM increases considerably with the increase in the conductivity of the building material, and this would be useful in detecting the feeble trap signal in cryogenic environment.
Evidence for a semisolid phase state of aerosols and droplets relevant to the airborne and surface survival of pathogens
Authors: Huynh Erik , Olinger Anna , Woolley David , Kohli Ravleen Kaur , Choczynski Jack M. , Davies James F. , Lin Kaisen , Marr Linsey C. , Davis Ryan D. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Ambient humidity can influence the survival of pathogens in respiratory aerosols and droplets, although the mechanism and optimum humidity level for public health remain unclear. Here, we present evidence for a humidity-dependent, semisolid state of aerosols and droplets relevant to pathogen survival. These observations indicate that a semisolid state may protect pathogens from inactivation by hindering disinfection reactions at intermediate-to-low humidity levels. The formation of the semisolid state was dependent on the composition of the aerosols, which suggests that the humidity for optimum pathogen destruction will depend on the composition of respiratory particles released from an infected host. These observations can be used to help interpret laboratory studies and inform public health recommendations.
Narratives imagined in response to instrumental music reveal culture-bounded intersubjectivity
Authors: Margulis Elizabeth H. , Wong Patrick C. M. , Turnbull Cara , Kubit Benjamin M. , McAuley J. Devin 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Are we all imagining the same thing when we listen to music, or are our experiences hopelessly subjective? This research analyzes the similarity of responses from 622 participants in three locations on a highly unconstrained task: free-response descriptions of the stories they imagined while listening to instrumental music. Strikingly, participants in two separate locations that share an overarching culture imagine highly similar narratives to individual excerpts. But these similarity patterns do not extend to narratives imagined by participants in a third location with a distinct culture. This work shows that music—often considered an “abstract stimulus”—can trigger shared stories in listeners’ minds but that this intersubjectivity depends on a shared underlying culture.
Impact of ADAR-induced editing of minor viral RNA populations on replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ringlander Johan , Fingal Joshua , Kann Hanna , Prakash Kasthuri , Rydell Gustaf , Andersson Maria , Martner Anna , Lindh Magnus , Horal Peter , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Kann Michael 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Viral RNA may be edited by enzymes of the ADAR family that deaminate adenosine residues with ensuing A→G mutations. We found multiple A→G mutations in minor viral populations of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. A→G mutations accumulated in the receptor binding domain of the spike gene, which may cause structural changes by altering binding to the ACE2 receptor. Presence of A→G mutations in minor viral populations was associated with reduced viral load, implying that ADAR may limit viral replication. Analyses of >250,000 European samples from 2020 revealed that A→G mutations in SARS-CoV-2 RNA were inversely correlated with mortality as a reflection of incidence. ADAR may thus be important in providing new variants of SARS-CoV-2 with altered infectivity and transmissibility.
Translanguaging as a pedagogical practice in Chinese language and (inter)culture courses
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As Chinese-as-an-additional-language (CAL) practitioners actively seek to bridge the language-culture divide in class instruction and curriculum, various strategies have been adopted to integrate cultural components into traditionally defined “language courses” or vice versa. However, many such strategies follow a “monolingual approach” that views L1 primarily as a source of interference in second language acquisition (SLA). Recognizing the importance of L1 use in additional-language classrooms, this paper proposes to apply the theory of translanguaging as the underlying pedagogy of CAL courses that holistically integrate language, culture, and intercultural learning. This approach fully recognizes students as multilingual and multicultural learners by judiciously and strategically combining L1 and L2 in order to maximize the growth of students’ overall linguacultural proficiency. The paper presents two course examples to discuss the implementation and benefits of this approach: a course on Chinese calligraphy for students with intermediate proficiency in the Chinese language and a course on Sino-US intercultural communication for students with advanced proficiency. These courses demonstrate that the translanguaging approach facilitates in-depth intellectual inquiries and critical thinking and encourages Chinese language learning in an interdisciplinary, intercultural, and interactive context. The paper concludes by extending the vision of translanguaging to the overall CAL curriculum and discussing its implication for the field.
Eye movements and visual perception in dyslexic children
Authors: Salem Taima , Elsherif Mayada , Mourad Mona , Abdou Rania , Hamouda Nesrine 
Published: January 2022

Background
Many research has demonstrated that reading problems, such as dyslexia, can coexist with visual abnormalities. While remediation for phonological impairments in dyslexics is widely acknowledged and practiced, the potential impact of visual deficits, particularly on eye movements and visual perception, is rarely explored.

Objective
This study looks at the performance of eye movements and visual perception abilities in dyslexic children.

Methods
A sample of 20 dyslexic children compared to 20 non-dyslexic age-matched children (aged 7–11). Both groups of the study underwent a video-nystagmography test and visual perception test.

Results
Our study revealed a statistically significant difference between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children in saccade and pursuit tracking tests. There was a statistically significant difference between case and control regarding the visual perception test. Among subgroups of dyslexic children with abnormal eye movements, they displayed visual perception weakness mainly in visual sequencing and discrimination tasks in comparison to dyslexic children with normal eye movements.

Conclusion
The poor oculomotor function affected dyslexic children in their proper control and leads to sluggish visual attention and poor visual perception. According to the major findings of this study, a routine eye examination should be part of the examination of any child with a learning disability.
Relationship between auditory processing disorders and attentional difficulties
Authors: Lotti Laura , Mazzoni Laura , Grigaliute Egle , Monzani Daniele , Genovese Elisabetta 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Attention deficit often emerges in individuals with auditory processing disorder and the relationship between them has not yet been completely understood. The aim of the present review is to investigate whether auditory attention deficit occurs in comorbidity or represents an expression of the same disorder and to compare different diagnostic and management criteria in the existing literature.

Methods
A literature review was performed on the PubMed database that yielded 59 records, which were subsequently screened using PICO model. Out of 22 selected articles, four were excluded for non-adherence to the clinical question. Finally, 18 articles were included: one narrative review and 17 empirical research studies.

Results
Twenty-two articles were analysed and compared in order to answer to the clinical question along with the assessment instruments of auditory processing and auditory attention.

Conclusions
Our review pointed out a greater tendency to consider auditory processing disorder and deficit of attention as distinct entities often in comorbidity. Thus, it is important to evaluate the attentional performances in subjects with auditory processing disorder with particular regard to those who are suspected to suffer also from behavioural, language development or learning difficulties.
Tunable effective length of fractional Josephson junctions
Authors: Frombach Daniel , Recher Patrik 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Topological Josephson junctions (TJJs) have been a subject of widespread interest due to their hosting of Majorana zero modes. In long junctions, i.e. junctions where the junction length exceeds the superconducting coherence length, TJJs manifest themselves in specific features of the critical current (Beenakker 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
110 017003). Here we propose to couple the helical edge states mediating the TJJ to additional channels or quantum dots, by which the effective junction length can be increased by tunable parameters associated with these couplings, so that such measurements become possible even in short junctions. Besides effective low-energy models that we treat analytically, we investigate realizations by a Kane–Mele model with edge passivation and treat them numerically via tight binding models. In each case, we explicitly calculate the critical current using the Andreev bound state spectrum and show that it differs in effectively long junctions in the cases of strong and weak parity changing perturbations (quasiparticle poisoning).
Tunable annular plasma photonic crystals in dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Liu Fucheng , Liu Yining , Liu Qian , Wu Zhicheng , Liu Yahui , Gao Kuangya , He Yafeng , Fan Weili , Dong Lifang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate an effective method for realization of robust, tailorable annular plasma photonic crystals (PPC) in dielectric barrier discharge with two water electrodes. Fast reconfiguration between triangular lattice, annular lattice, core-annular lattice and concentric-annular lattice has been achieved. An active control on the structure of plasma elements is realized by solely changing the applied voltage. The changes of photonic band gaps with reconfiguration of different annular PPCs have been studied both experimentally and numerically. The band gaps between 28.0–30.0 GHz for the core-annular lattice and the concentric-annular lattice are experimentally verified. A phenomenological reaction–diffusion model with two nonlinear-coupled interacting layers is established to mimic the formation of various plasma structures. Experimental observations and numerical simulation are in good agreement. Our approach provides a unique strategy to create reversibly deformable annular PPCs, which may offer new capabilities and serve as a promising platform for various applications.
N2 vibrational excitation in atmospheric pressure ns pulse and RF plasma jets
Authors: Richards Caleb , Jans Elijah , Gulko Ilya , Orr Keegan , Adamovich Igor V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Time-resolved N2 vibrational temperature and translational–rotational temperature in quasi-two-dimensional atmospheric pressure plasma jets sustained by ns pulse and RF discharges in nitrogen/noble gas mixtures are measured by the broadband vibrational Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) . The results indicate a much stronger vibrational excitation in the RF plasma jet, due to the lower reduced electric field and higher discharge power. In a ns pulse discharge in N2/He, N2 vibrational temperature is significantly lower compared to that in N2/Ar, due to the more rapid vibration–translation (V–T) relaxation of nitrogen by helium atoms. In the RF plasma jets in N2/Ne and N2/Ar, the vibrational excitation increases considerably as the nitrogen fraction in the mixture is reduced. The experimental data in the RF plasma jet in N2/Ar jet are compared with the kinetic modeling predictions. The results indicate that nitrogen vibrational excitation in N2/Ar plasma jets with a small N2 fraction in the mixture (several percent) is controlled primarily by electron impact, anharmonic vibration–vibration (V–V) pumping, and V–T relaxation by N atoms. In comparison, V–V energy transfer from the vibrationally excited molecules in the first excited electronic state, N2(A3Σu
+, v), which are generated primarily by the energy transfer from the metastable Ar atoms, has a minor effect on the vibrational populations of the ground electronic state, N2(X1Σg
+, v). Although the discharge energy fraction going to electronic excitation is significant, the predicted quasi-steady-state N2(A3Σu
+) number density, controlled by the energy pooling and quenching by N atoms, remains relatively low. Because of this, the net rate of N2(X1Σg
+) vibrational excitation by the V–V energy transfer from N2(A3Σu
+) is much lower compared to that by the direct electron impact. The results show that atmospheric pressure RF plasma jets can be used as sources of highly vibrationally excited N2 molecules and N atoms.
Polymer crystallization under external flow
Authors: Sheng Junfang , Chen Wei , Cui Kunpeng , Li Liangbin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The general aspects of polymer crystallization under external flow, i.e., flow-induced crystallization (FIC) from fundamental theoretical background to multi-scale characterization and modeling results are presented. FIC is crucial for modern polymer processing, such as blowing, casting, and injection modeling, as two-third of daily-used polymers is crystalline, and nearly all of them need to be processed before final applications. For academics, the FIC is intrinsically far from equilibrium, where the polymer crystallization behavior is different from that in quiescent conditions. The continuous investigation of crystallization contributes to a better understanding on the general non-equilibrium ordering in condensed physics. In the current review, the general theories related to polymer nucleation under flow (FIN) were summarized first as a preliminary knowledge. Various theories and models, i.e., coil–stretch transition and entropy reduction model, are briefly presented together with the modified versions. Subsequently, the multi-step ordering process of FIC is discussed in detail, including chain extension, conformational ordering, density fluctuation, and final perfection of the polymer crystalline. These achievements for a thorough understanding of the fundamental basis of FIC benefit from the development of various hyphenated rheometer, i.e., rheo-optical spectroscopy, rheo-IR, and rheo-x-ray scattering. The selected experimental results are introduced to present efforts on elucidating the multi-step and hierarchical structure transition during FIC. Then, the multi-scale modeling methods are summarized, including micro/meso scale simulation and macroscopic continuum modeling. At last, we briefly describe our personal opinions related to the future directions of this field, aiming to ultimately establish the unified theory of FIC and promote building of the more applicable models in the polymer processing.
Storage requirements in a 100% renewable electricity system: extreme events and inter-annual variability
Authors: Ruhnau Oliver , Qvist Staffan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the context of 100% renewable electricity systems, prolonged periods with persistently scarce supply from wind and solar resources have received increasing academic and political attention. This article explores how such scarcity periods relate to energy storage requirements. To this end, we contrast results from a time series analysis with those from a system cost optimization model, based on a German 100% renewable case study using 35 years of hourly time series data. While our time series analysis supports previous findings that periods with persistently scarce supply last no longer than two weeks, we find that the maximum energy deficit occurs over a much longer period of nine weeks. This is because multiple scarce periods can closely follow each other. When considering storage losses and charging limitations, the period defining storage requirements extends over as much as 12 weeks. For this longer period, the cost-optimal storage needs to be large enough to supply 36 TWh of electricity, which is about three times larger than the energy deficit of the scarcest two weeks. Most of this storage is provided via hydrogen storage in salt caverns, of which the capacity is even larger due to electricity reconversion losses (55 TWh). Adding other sources of flexibility, for example with bioenergy, the duration of the period that defines storage requirements lengthens to more than one year. When optimizing system costs based on a single year rather than a multi-year time series, we find substantial inter-annual variation in the overall storage requirements, with the average year needing less than half as much storage as calculated for all 35 years together. We conclude that focusing on short-duration extreme events or single years can lead to an underestimation of storage requirements and costs of a 100% renewable system.