bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Corn, Common Stalk Borer and Hop Vine Borer Control, 1981
Authors: Levine Illinois Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two foliar insecticides, Sevin XLR and Lorsban 4E, were evaluated to control common stalk borers (SB) and hop vine boers (HVB) in fence rows before larvae could move into fields of conventional or reduced till corn. A seed treatment, Orthene 80SP, and a planting time treatment, Furadan 10G, were also evaluated to protect seedlings from damage once larvae had entered the field. Sevin XLR and Lorsban 4E were applied on Jun 2 at both Forreston (Ogle Co) and Mt Morris (Ogle Co) to fence rows when corn seedlings were beginning to sustain damage. Corn was in the 3-leaf (Forreston) and 1 leaf (Mt Morris) stage at this time. Both foliar treatments were applied with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 4-nozzle boom for broadcast application (Lorsban: 8002 flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre; Sevin XLR: 8001 flat fan nozzles, 5.8 ft/sec, 20 psi, 7.5 gal of water/acre). The foliar application experiments consisted of a strip 5.5 ft wide (from field margin into fence row) x 600 ft long. This strip was divided into four 150 ft-long plots. The 2 foliar insecticides were then randomly assigned to 2 of three 50 ft-long subplots. The remaining subplot was left untreated as a control. Corn seedlings in the 2nd row in from the field margin were assessed for damage 8 days after treatment.
Apple, Late Season Insecticide Evaluations for Leafroller Complex, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental pesticides were applied in a comparative test to 7-year-old semi-dwarf York trees on Aug 16 and Sept 7. Treatments were replicated 4 times in single tree plots in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a handgun operating at 400 psi. Fifty fruit from each of 4 replicates per treatment were examined for injury by second generation leafroller feeding.
Early Season Control of Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn with Granular Soil Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six granular soil insecticides registered for control of larvae of the southern corn rootworm were evaluated at 2 rates in Louisiana. ‘Pioneer 3369-A’ field corn was used in the test. The corn was planted Jun 7 at the LSU St Gabriel Agricultural Experiment Station, Iberville parish. Insecticides were applied using a 2-row ,)ohn Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry pt jars of insecticide. The jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-in band or in-furrow applicator to obtain the desired placedment of insecticide. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied ahead of the press wheel and were further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of two 50-ft rows spaced 36 in apart. Twenty-ft alleys separated each replication. Treatments were evaluated by counting dead and dying and undamaged plants in 50 ft of row. Evaluation was done on May 10, 33 days post planting. The soil type at the test site is a clay-loam, Mississippi River alluvial soil with moderate to poor drainage.
Corn (Field) Cutworm Control in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Roberts James R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted in Bedford Co, VA, in Apr, May, and Jun 1980 with Pounce 3.2EC and Orthene treated (Pioneer 3541) seed to measure the control of cutworms in field corn. In Test A Pioneer 3147 field corn was planted on Jun 11. Plots were 4 rows x 50 ft (36 in spacing) and replicated 4 times. Subplots consisting of 10 plants in each plot were encircled with plastic lawn edging. On Jun 21, 10 cutworms were released into these 10 plant subplots. On Jun 22, Pounce 3.2EC was applied at 0.05 and 0.1 lb ai/acre using the equivalent of 40 gal of water per acre. A Solo backpack sprayer was used at 25 psi. At subsequent dates the number of live plants were counted. In Test B Orthene treated seeds and untreated seeds were planted in plots measuring 6 rows x 36 ft (36 in spacing). Three alternating rows were planted on Apr 25, and the other 3 rows were planted on May 13. The plots were replicated 4 times for treated and untreated seeds. Subplots consisting of 10 plants in each row were encircled with plastic lawn edging. Four worms were released to each row of the earlier corn on May 14 and 12 worms were released on May 25 into each row of late corn. At subsequent dates the number of live plants were counted.
Black Cutworm Control in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. , Magura Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An evaluation was conducted for the insecticidal control of black cutworm larvae in field corn (Northrup King PX79) on the VPI&SU Agronomy Farm, Montgomery Co, VA. The soil type in the test area was composed of Lodi loam, porous substrate plus Landisburg and Greendale silts. The plots were on land that had been in sod for several years. A tank-mix of Paraquat, Atrazine, and Dual was applied prior to planting. The treatments consisted of a seed treatment, granular (7 in band), broadcast, and postemergence. The treated seed was planted the same day as the untreated corn seed. Each insecticide was replicated 4 times in completely randomized plots measuring 12 ft x 50 ft (38 in rows). All granular insecticides were applied with a Gandy applicator on May 18. The postemergence foliar applications were sprayed on May 28 with a Solo backpack sprayer at 30 psi using 20 gal of water per acre.
White Grub Control in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. , Magura Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Northrup King PX79’ field corn was sod-planted on May 15, on the VPISSU Agronomy Farm, Montgomery Co, VA. The land had been in sod for several years. At the time of planting the water content of the soil was 26.25% and the pH was 6.3. A tank-mix of Paraquat, Atrazine, and Dual was applied prior to planting. Three rates of BAS 263 11 I (3.6, 2.4, 1.2 oz ai/1000 ft) were applied on May 18 with a Gandy granular applicator using a 7-in band at the height of 5 in. Treatments were replicated 4 times on completely randomized plots measuring 12 ft x 5(1 ft (each plot was 4 rows wide - 36 in rows). White grub populations were estimated before planting by taking 4-in core samples over the entire treat area. The grub population averaged 12 grubs per 4-in core. Control was evaluated on Jul 23. Ten cores (4 in), consisting of 1 corn root system and the associated soil, were taken from each plot (40 cores per treatment) to determine the average number of white grubs per core.
Control of True Armyworm on Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pounce 3.2EC and Ammo 2.5EC were applied as rescue treatments to no-till seedling field corn Jun 15 in Montgomery Co, VA. The corn was planted May 29. Weed control in the test area was adequate although most of the rye cover crop had not fallen completely by planting time and remained standing for several weeks afterward. The plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design, measuring 4 rows (36 in spacing) x 50 ft x 4 replicates. The treatments were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre. Pretreatment data were recorded Jun 15. Twenty plants (2 leaf stage) were selected at random and individually identified from the center rows in each plot. Damage levels were calculated as the mean percentage of total plants per treatment showing evidence of true armyworm feeding. Post treatment data were recorded Jun 18, 21, and 24 from the identical plants in each plot and pooled. All means were subjected to analysis of variance (P =0.05). Ca 1.8 in of rain fell within 10 days of treatment.
Cotton Aphid Control, Chillicothe, TX, 1981
Authors: Price J. Rex , Slosser J.E. , Puterka G.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dryland-grown cotton was planted on Jun 25 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Chillicothe, TX. Six treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 6 rows wide by 24.4 m long and 102 cm between rows with 7.6-meter alleys separating replications. Spray applications were made with a 3-point hitch power takeoff sprayer mounted on a tractor traveling 4.12 kmph and delivering 86.0 liters total solution per hectare at 345 kPa. One application of each insecticide was made Aug 13. Aphids were counted on 15 terminal leaves and on 10 mid-height plant leaves. Leaves were picked about every 1 m of row. A sample was taken on Aug 13 just prior to treatment and post treatment samples were taken on Aug 17, 20 and 28 (3.5, 7, and 15 days post-treatment, respectively). Rainfall on Aug 16, 17 and 27 was 2.03, 1.27 and 2.80 mm, respectively. In each plot cotton from 4 row m was hand picked for yield on Nov 25. On each sampling date, 50 sweep samples were taken for beneficial insects.
Control of Ants on Golf Course Fairway, 1982
Authors: Sloderbeck Phillip E. , Green Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were tested for efficacy against ants at a golf course near Garden City, KS. Treatments were applied on May 28 by hand shaking a premeasured amount of insecticide from a paper sack. Plots were 3 m x 3 m and separated from neighboring plots by 3 m. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Plots were evaluated based on the average number of active ant mounds observed in searching the surface of 3 randomly selected 0.1 m2 samples.
Control of Rednecked Peanutworm in Oklahoma, 1982
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Berberet Richard , Sander Douglas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted on Jun 11 with 0.9-m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were applied on Aug 27 and Sep 3 using 2 flat spray nozzles over each row and a total volume of 30 gpa. Treatments were replicated 3 times of 4 row x 100 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Because the first insecticide application was made during the extreme heat and dryness of midday, a second application was made. On each sampling date after treatment 50 plant terminals were collected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot and examined for S. bosqueella larvae. Percentages of infested terminals were computed and terminal counts made over the experimental area were used in converting population estimates to larvae/m of row.
Soil-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Dobrin G. Chris , Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at 3 branches of the 0ARDC; 30 plots at Hoytville and S. Charleston and 26 plots at Wooster, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block; 3 blocks each with 10 treatments at Hoytville and S. Charleston, 2 blocks each with 13 treatments at Wooster. Treatments were applied at planting or as a seed treatment prior to planting. Planting dates were: Hoytville - May 5, S. Charleston - May 4, Wooster - May 12. A 2-row John Deere planter with Gandy applicators was used. Plants were sampled with a 15-in diameter sweep net (20 sweeps/plot). Samples were examined in the laboratory for potato leafhoppers (PLH) and bean leaf beetle (BLB) adults. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for evidence of phytotoxicity. Plants were hand harvested ca Oct 7.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L. , Beers Elizabeth H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Treated single-trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a hydraulic sprayer, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8.0 gallons of spray were applied/tree. Dates of application were: May 25, Jun 8 and 22, Jul 6 and 21, Aug 4 and 18, Sept 1. Treatments of Pounce, Ammo, Payoff and Ambush received only Guthion 50WP, 114 g/100 gals on May 25, Jul 6 and 21, and Sept 1. General sprays involving Cypres, Polyram, captan, sulfur, zineb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 GPA to the whole experimental block. Average temperatures were: May 66°F, Jun 67°F, Jul 78 F, Aug 74 F, and Sept 63 F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 2.45, Jun 6.65, Jul 3.00, Aug 1.80, and Sept 2.65. Effectiveness on apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid in fested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of sprays on white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on the European red mite and twospotted spider mite was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3 min counts of adults and larvae and adults and nymphs, respectively, around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jul 1, and 2-pick samples on Aug 17 and Sept 13. Apple samples averaged 188 fruits/replicate and 752/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. No russet (1), light russet (2), moderate russet (3), and severe russet (4). Possible means are: no russet to light russet 30-60, light to moderate russet 60-90, and moderate to severe russet 90-120.
Evaluation of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen , Embrey Michael , Bean Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted May 21 with a conventional 4-row planter (John Deere Model 71) equipped with Gandy granular insecticide applicators. Except for the Furadan treatments which were applied in the furrow, all other treatments were applied in a 14-in band over the seed furrow, behind the press wheel. Two drag chains were attached behind the press wheel of each planter. Plots consisted of 8 rows (4 rows of treated soybeans buffered on either side by 1 row of untreated soybeans and 1 row of untreated Bush Blue Lake snap bean), 100 ft long with 30 in between rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The center 4 rows served as the record rows. Soil was classified as a ‘Bertie’ silt loam and the soil temp at the time of planting was 82 F at the 6-in depth. Natural populations of Mexican bean beetle and Japanese beetle were monitored throughout the season. At mid-bloom 12 plants were selected at random following an ‘x’ pattern in each plot. Each plant was rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from 2-rows, 10 ft long, in the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture and reported in bu/acre.
Soybean Looper Control on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Mason L.J. , Mack T.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted at the Auburn Univ. Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, AL. Eight treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soybeans were planted Jun 2 in a cahaba sandy loam soil - pH = 5.9, 1.5% organic matter. Each 0.012 acre plot was 4 rows wide (40 in row spacing) and 37 ft long. Treatments were applied Aug 24 with a CO2-pressurized garden sprayer equipped with D-2 nozzles (3/row) operating at 25 psi and delivering 18 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the foliage on both sides of the sheet. Larvae were identified, sized, counted, and recorded. Three samples from each plot were taken prespray (Aug 24), and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 days post spray.
Control of Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Rohlfs W.M. , Mack T.P. , Walker L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, AL. Five chemical treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the .01-acre plots was 4 rows wide (36-in row spacing) and 37 ft long. Plots were treated at planting on May 31. Treatments were in-furrow and banded applications of soil insecticides. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Numbers of immature threecornered alfalfa hopper (TCAH) were counted and recorded. Two samples were taken from each plot on Jun 16, when the first trifoliate leaves appeared. Weekly sampling continued until Sep 16.
Efficacy of Guthion and Pydrin Applied from Aircraft for Sugarcane Borer (SCB) Control, Large-Plot Field Trail, 1981
Authors: Hensly S.D. , Finger C.K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 5 times at the Lanaux Brothers Farm, Killona, LA. Individual plots ranged from 2.2 to 2.3 acres of sugarcane (cultivar CP 61-37) 1st stubble crop. All insecticide concentrates were applied at 30 psi in water to sugarcane foliage on 48-ft aircraft swaths at a 2-gal rate of finished formula-tion/acre. Insecticide applications were initiated when sugarcane internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks harbored small (1st to 3rd) stage larvae in leafsheaths; they were repeated only when this level of infestation was encountered again in Guthion 2L-treated plots. Al insecticide applications were discontinued in early fall when SCB infestations no longer posed a threat to the sugarcane crop. Three applications of each insecticide formulation were made with 3-4 wk inter-vals between applications; application dates were Jun 26, Jul 16 and Aug 13. Full season efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined Oct 6-8 (1 mo prior to crop harvest) by examining 50 stalks randomly selected from each plot for the presence of SCB-bored internodes.
Residual Barn Treatment Using Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides for the Control of House Flies, 1982
Authors: Smith J.P. , Hall R.D. , Fischer F.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cypermethrin 3 lb/gal emulsible concentrate (EC), fenvalerate 10% water dispersible liquid (WDL) and permethrin formulated as 25% wettable powder (WP) or 1% aerosol were surface applied to the interior of 5 livestock barns on the University of Missouri South and Formost Farms as well as to 1 beef barn located 12 miles north of Columbia. Two separate trials were conducted using untreated barns as controls. Treatments were applied at 0.1%, J).5%, 1.25% and-5 mg active ingredient (AI) per 30.5 cm (1 ft2), respectively. The sprays were applied at a rate of il.09 1/m2 (1 gal/450 ft2) using a power sprayer delivering 1034 kPa (150 lb/in2), while the aerosol was applied at 255 g/152 m2 (9 oz/500 sq ft). Fly populations were monitored pre- and post treatment at regular intervals via a 0.25 m2 Scudder fly grill. Five 1-min grill counts were taken at each observation in all locations.
Ear Tags and Spray for Control of Face Flies and Horn Flies on Beef Cattle in Iowa, 1981
Authors: Ouisenberry Sharron , Strohbehn Daryl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six, separately pastured, mixed breed cattle herds ranging from 24 to 150 cows were treated in Marshall Co, IA, with the following insecticides: Atroban permethrin 10% AI ear tag (2 tags/cow; 1 tag/every other cow), Ectrin fenvalerate 8% AI ear tag (2 tags/cow and 1 tag/calf; 1 tag/every third cow) and Ravap stirofos and dichloros 1.25% AI spray from 28.7%EC. Ravap was applied daily to cows via a walk-through sprayer. A herd of 135 cows and 117 calves served as an untreated control. All herds except the Ectrin (1 tag/every third cow) and Atroban (1/every other cow) groups were cow-calf herds. Fly counts were taken on 15 randomly selected cattle from each herd between 9:00 am and 1:00 pm on the same day each wk. Horn flies were counted only on 1 side of the animal and face flies were counted on the entire face.
Ear Devices for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle in Iowa, 1982
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron , Foster David , Strohbehn Daryl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atroban permethrin 10% AI ear tag (2 tags/cow), Ectiban permethrin 0.9 g AI adhesive tape (2 tapes/cow) and Permectostrip permethrin 10% AI ear strip (2 strips/cow) were evaluated for control of horn flies and face flies on separately pastured, mixed breed cow-calf herds. Control cow-calf herds also were separately pastured. Atroban tags were applied on Jun 14, Ectiban tapes on May 24 and Permectostrips on May 21. Horn flies were counted on 1 side and face flies on the entire face of 15 randomly selected cows each wk between 9:00 am and 1:00 pm. Percent reduction from control was determined by dividing the difference between the treated and untreated counts by the untreated count and multiplying by 100%.
Control of the Face Fly and Horn Fly on Beef Cattle, 1982
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides and application methods were evaluated Jun through Sep on 5 separate herds of beef cattle, located in Montgomery Co, Blacksburg, VA. Herd no 1 consisted of ca 20 mixed breed heifers and cows with calves, treated with a burlap backrubber and a mineral feeder type burlap facerubber, charged with 1 pt Ravap EC and 3.5 gal diesel fuel. Herd no 2 consisted of ca 25 mixed breed heifers and cows with calves, treated with a burlap backrubber and a mineral feeder equipped with reservoir type facerubber cords, charged with 1 pt Ravap EC and 3.5 gal diesel fuel. Herd no 3 consisted of 14 Angus heifers treated with 2 Ectrin 8% ear tags per animal. Herd no 4 consisted of ca 55 mixed breed cows with calves, treated with a mineral feeder type ‘Dustacator’ and later changed (wk 10) to standard dust bags. Both applicators were charged with Ectiban 0.25% dust. Herd no 5 consisted of ca 30 mixed breed cows and heifers, treated with a burlap backrubber and a mineral feeder type facerubber, charged with 1 pt Ectiban 5.7%EC and 5 gal diesel fuel. Comparative efficacy was based on an untreated control herd, consisting of ca 20 mixed breed cows with calves. All herds were within ca 2 miles of each other. Weekly fly counts were made on 10 animals per herd and are expressed as the mean number of face and horn flies per treatment. The same person performed the weekly fly counts to eliminate inaccuracy due to subjectivity.
Larvadex as a Mineral Block Feedthr0Ugh for Face Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Vaughan J.A. , Turner E.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The insect growth regulator, Larvadex, in a mineral block formulation (0.82% AI) was investigated as a potential control method for face flies. Using 2 separate herds, 1 was given untreated mineral block while the other herd was given the Larvadex-treated mineral block. Blocks were replenished as necessary. Initially, 5 one-pt samples of 1-2 day old field-dropped manure were taken per herd and placed in emergence cages. In order to obtain larger numbers of emerging face flies, the samples were increased from 1 pt to ca 2.5 gal, with 3 replicates collected per herd. Each manure replicate was placed in a large shallow galvanized pan. All Diptera were reared to the late instar stage whereupon the prepupal maggots would migrate out of the manure and drop into sand-filled collecting trays to pupate. Face fly pupae were removed, placed in emergence cages and emerged adults were counted.