bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inventario Histórico de Desastres en Costa Rica en el Periodo 1970- 2020
Authors: Orozco-Montoya Ricardo A. , Brenes-Maykall Alice , Sura-Fonseca Rebeca 
Published: February 2022

Los desastres a nivel mundial se traducen en pérdidas humanas y económicas principalmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. Esto es relevante para la planificación y toma de decisiones, por lo que se evidencia la importancia de poseer información oportuna mediante bases de datos sobre pérdidas por desastres. DesInventar surge como una herramienta teórica y metodológica, recopila registros históricos de pérdidas y facilita el análisis y la representación espacial y temporal de amenazas, vulnerabilidades y riesgos retrospectiva y prospectivamente para la gestión del riesgo y del desarrollo. En Costa Rica, este inventario se mantiene activo con datos desde 1970 hasta la actualidad. Es una base de datos en línea y de libre acceso. El artículo propone caracterizar las tendencias y comportamientos de los desastres en Costa Rica durante el periodo 1970-2020 registrados en DesInventar. Del total de eventos registrados (19.016), el 80% corresponde a eventos hidrometeorológicos, 13% a epidemias y eventos humano-tecnológicos y 7% a geológicos. Se registraron 1.555 personas fallecidas. El análisis temporal arroja tendencias al aumento en cantidad de eventos y en personas fallecidas. Esto podría relacionarse con un conteo más sistemático de los desastres y el aumento de eventos como consecuencia del cambio climático.
AKHMET BAITURSYNOV – THE FOUNDER OF KAZAKH SUPERSEGMENTAL PHONETICS
Authors: Bazarbayeva Z. M. 
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of the founder of Kazakh linguistics A. Baitursynov in the field of super-segmental phonetics. From the point of view of the teachings of A. Baitursynov, the main components of intonation, their functions in sounding speech are described. A detailed description is given to the components of intonation: melody, tempo, intensity, pause, timbre. The intonation specificity of the language is manifested in the choice of prosodic means and their interaction. According to A. Baitursynov, the Kazakh prosodic system is similar to the prosodic system of the French language rather than Russian. This is manifested in the nature of the Kazakh stress, which, like in French, falls on the end of the word, in contrast to the different-place Russian stress. The concept of intonation, the smallest functional unit of intonation, is explained.Intonema is a sign that has both form and content. The number of intones, as well as phonemes, is limited. On the basis of experimental-phonetic research, 8 intones of the Kazakh language were identified. The main function of an intonme is revealed, which serves to differentiate statements.Particular attention is paid to the intonation of poetic speech. The scientist introduced into scientific circulation such concepts as syllable, verse, line, rhythm through which poetic texts are described. The scientific contribution of the scientist to the development of functional grammar is analyzed. A. Baitursynov in his research examined the problems of the theory of discourse, for the first time in Kazakh linguistics he explored speech facts in a communicative-pragmatic aspect.
FORMS AND APPLICATION OF PARTICIPLES IN THE TEXTBOOK OF OMAR SARBATYR ULY “BOTANY» PUBLISHED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Kegenbekova A. D. 
Published: February 2022

At the beginning of the 20th century, many textbooks started appearing in the Kazakh language. They can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of original textbooks written by Kazakh scientists, the second one consists of translated textbooks. In any case, these textbooks can provide valuable information about the specifics of using language units at the time period under consideration.The article analyzes the forms of participles and their use in the textbook “Botany» by Omar Sarbatyr uly.
Immune checkpoint expression and relationships to anti‐PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy efficacy in aged versus young mice
Authors: Garcia Myrna G. , Deng Yilun , Murray Clare , Reyes Ryan M , Padron Alvaro , Bai Haiyan , Kancharla Aravind , Gupta Harshita , Shen‐Orr Shai , Curiel Tyler J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionAging is the biggest cancer risk, and immune checkpoint (IC) inhibition (ICI) is a revolutionary cancer immunotherapy approach. Nonetheless, there are limited preclinical/clinical data regarding aging effects on ICI outcomes or age effects on IC expression in different organs or tumors.MethodsFlow cytometry assessed IC on immune and non‐immune cells in various organs in young and aged BL6 mice. Comparisons: aged versus young naïve WT versus interferon‐γKO mice and WT challenged with B16F10 melanoma and treated with αPD‐1 or αPD‐L1 ICI. We co‐cultured young and aged T cells and myeloid cells in vitro and used OMIQ analyses to test cell–cell interactions.ResultsαPD‐1 ICI treated melanoma in young and aged hosts, whereas αPD‐L1 ICI was only effective in young. We found considerable, previously undescribed age effects on expression of various IC molecules participating in the ICI treatment, including PD‐1, PD‐L1, PD‐L2, and CD80, in distinct organs and in the tumor. These data help explain differential ICI efficacy in young and aged hosts. Host interferon‐γ influenced age effects on IC expression in both directions depending on specific IC molecule and tissue. IC expression was further affected by tumor challenge on immune, non‐immune, and tumor cells in tumor and other organs. In in vitro co‐culture, αPD‐1 versus αPD‐L1 distinctly influenced polyclonal T cells in young versus aged, suggesting mechanisms for distinct age‐related ICI outcomes.ConclusionAge affects IC expression on specific immune cells in an organ‐ and tissue‐specific manner. ICs were generally higher on aged immune cells. High immune‐cell PD‐1 could help explain αPD‐1 efficacy in aged. High co‐expression of CD80 with PD‐L1 on dendritic cells could help explain lack of αPD‐L1 efficacy in aged hosts. Factors other than myeloid cells and interferon‐γ also affect age‐related IC expression and T cell function, meriting additional studies.
Dual‐Redox Sites Guarantee High‐Capacity Sodium Storage in Two‐Dimension Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Jianming , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Tang Yongchao , Hu Xuanhe , He Jun , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract2D π‐d conjugated metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) are promising anode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high intrinsic conductivity and stability in organic electrolytes. However, the development of c‐MOFs with multi‐redox sites to improve the overall performance of SIBs is highly desired but remains a great challenge. Herein, this work reports the electrochemically active hexaazatrinaphthylene‐based 2D π‐d c‐MOFs (HATN‐XCu, X = O or S) as advanced anode materials with dual‐redox sites for SIBs. The ordered porous and layer‐stacked structure can provide fast transmission and diffusion channels for ions along the stacking directions. Ex situ Fourier transformed infrared spectra together with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the dual‐redox site storage mechanism of HATN‐XCu, namely, the continuous multi‐electron reactions occurring on the redox‐active CN group and [CuX4] unit, respectively. Based on the synergistic effect of dual‐redox sites, HATN‐OCu anode exhibits impressive reversible capacity (500 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and high‐rate performance (151 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). Significantly, a sodium‐ion full battery assembled using a HATN‐OCu anode and Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode also displays high‐rate performance (117 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and stable long‐cycle life (the capacity retention of 80% after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1).
Binder‐Free MoN Nanofibers Catalysts for Flexible 2‐Electron Oxalate‐Based Li‐CO2 Batteries with High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Qi Guicai , Zhang Junxiang , Chen Lin , Wang Bin , Cheng Jianli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOwing to the ultrahigh theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness of CO2 fixation, Li‐CO2 batteries are regarded as one of sustainable high‐energy‐density power sources for different applications including wearable electronics. Most of reported Li‐CO2 batteries utilize expensive, noble metal‐based catalysts via 4‐electron Li2CO3 as discharged products, leading to low energy efficiency, electrolyte side‐reaction, and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a 2‐electron Li‐CO2 battery based on noble metal‐free and binder‐free MoN nanofibers on carbon cloth is fabricated with high energy efficiency and fast reaction kinetics. The fabricated batteries exhibit an initial median charge potential of low to 3.19 V with a potential gap of 0.36 V, high energy efficiency up to 88%, and >500 h cycle stability. Experimental and theoretical computation results demonstrate that Li2C2O4 as 2‐electron intermediate products are stabilized by delocalized electrons of Mo3+ in MoN to form the Mo–O coupling bridge, leading to reversible Li2C2O4 formation/decomposition accompanied with high energy efficiency and fast battery reaction. The batteries also show superior flexibility and stable power output under different deformations.
Genetically Engineered Nanohyaluronidase Vesicles: A Smart Sonotheranostic Platform for Enhancing Cargo Penetration of Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Shuyu , Shi Xiaoxiao , Ren En , Zhang Jianzhong , Gao Xing , Mu Dan , Liu Chao , Liu Gang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrecise anti‐cancer therapy is hampered by aberrant tumor microenvironments (TME), which include the important features of the dense tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) and hypoxia. The capability of hyaluronidase (HAase) to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA), the main component of ECM, can prompt its rapid development in sonotherapeutics aimed at regulating the microenvironment. In this study, the authors design a bioengineering‐based smart enzymatic nanovesicle mHAase combined with purpurin 18 (P18) to form mHAase@nP18 that naturally anchors native HAase to the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) cleavable peptide. This nanovesicle system demonstrates a high expression of HAase and drug loading capability of the sonosensitizer, purpurin 18, for dual‐mode fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging‐guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Notably, mHAase@nP18 shows enhanced enzyme stability and activity in comparison to free HAase owing to avoidance of the protein crown shield; meanwhile, the released HAase causes a further elevation of its activity for SDT in an MMP‐2‐dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo results indicate the mHAase@nP18 can greatly enhance tumor penetration and alleviate hypoxia via HA degradation, further causing a heightened SDT effect. This work provides a promising strategy of stimuli‐responsive bioengineering of cell membrane vesicles for effective TME modulation and enhanced therapeutic results.
Emerging Nanoporous Materials for Biomolecule Separation
Authors: Song Yongyang , Bao Han , Shen Xinyi , Li Xiuling , Liang Xinmiao , Wang Shutao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiomolecule separation plays a vital role in downstream applications ranging from omics research, structure analysis, and drug purification to clinical diagnosis. Among all existing materials and technologies towards biomolecule separation, nanoporous materials take the leading place. To achieve efficient biomolecule separation, the interface of nanoporous materials is always modified with a monolayer containing specific functional groups. However, the monolayer modification strategy still encounters bottlenecks due to extremely low abundance of target biomolecules, strong interference from high‐abundance background biomolecules, similar characteristics of compounds, unspecific adsorption, et al. Recently, several emerging nanoporous materials, which are prepared without the monolayer modification process, have been reported for high‐efficient, high‐specific, and rapid biomolecule separation. In this review, the authors summarize the emerging nanoporous materials for biomolecule separation, mainly focusing on the design principle and separation performance that are different from classical nanoporous materials. First, the classic design strategy of monolayer modification is discussed and the recent progress with this aspect is introduced. Then, emerging nanoporous materials beyond monolayer modification are introduced. At last, future developments, challenges, and great promise of biomolecule separation nanoporous materials are discussed.
Supramolecular Engineering of Crystalline Fullerene Micro‐/Nano‐Architectures
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Xu Ting , Guo Kun , Huang Wenhuan , Lu Xing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFullerenes are a molecular form of carbon allotrope and bear certain solubility, which allow the supramolecular assembly of fullerene molecules—also together with other complementary compound classes—via solution‐based wet processes. By well‐programmed organizing these building blocks and precisely modulating over the assembly process, supramolecularly assembled fullerene micro‐/nano‐architectures (FMNAs) are obtained. These FMNAs exhibit remarkably enhanced functions as well as tunable morphologies and dimensions at different size scales, leading to their applications in diverse fields. In this review, both traditional and newly developed assembly strategies are reviewed, with an emphasis on the morphological evolution mechanism of FMNAs. The discussion is then focused on how to precisely regulate the dimensions and morphologies to generate functional FMNAs through solvent engineering, co‐crystallization, surfactant incorporation, or post‐fabrication treatment. In addition to C60‐based FMNAs, this review particularly focuses on recently fabricated FMNAs comprising higher fullerenes (e.g., C70) and metallofullerenes. Meanwhile, an overview of the property modulation is presented and multidisciplinary applications of FMNAs in various fields are summarized, including sensors, optoelectronics, biomedicines, and energy. At the end, the prospects for future research, application opportunities, and challenges associated with FMNAs are proposed.
Machine‐Engineered Active Disorder for Digital Photonics
Authors: Kim Jungmin , Park Seungkyun , Yu Sunkyu , Park Namkyoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResolving spatial and temporal complexities in wave–matter interactions is essential for controlling the light behavior inside disordered and nonstationary systems and therefore achieving high capacity devices. Although these complexities have usually been studied separately, a few examples exploiting both degrees of freedom have derived intriguing phenomena such as hyper‐transport in evolving disorder and topological phenomena in synthetic dimensions. Here, engineering active disorder—disordered structures with external modulation—is proposed by employing deep neural networks. A functional regressor and a material evaluator are developed to enable inverse design of active disorder with target wave responses and evaluation of disordered structures according to the wave response controllability, respectively. By machine engineering deep‐subwavelength disorder including a phase change material, functional disorder for light is revealed, which leads to angle‐selective or broadband digital switching. A generative configuration of the neural network utilizing a single wave metric is also developed to realize a family of disordered structures with independent engineering of multiple wave properties, in contrast to the traditional engineering of disorder with a specific order metric. This approach establishes realization of reconfigurable devices by exploiting the spatiotemporal complexity in wave mechanics.
Inducible Regulatory T Cell Predicts Efficacy of PD‐1 Blockade Therapy in Melanoma
Authors: Shen Lujun , Wu Ying , Qi Han , Jiang Yiquan , Jin Jietian , Cao Fei , Chen Shuanggang , Yang Yuanzhong , Huang Tao , Song Ze , Chen Qifeng , Zhang Yinqi , Mo Jinqing , Li Dandan , Zhang Xiaoshi , Fan Weijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetastatic melanoma is a lethal disease with poor prognosis. Here, a patient is being studied with metastatic uveal melanoma whose liver metastases have heterogeneous response to PD‐1 inhibitor. The progressive disease (PD) lesion is found to have more than two times the abundance of inducible regulatory T cell (iTreg) compared with the complete response (CR) lesion. Based on public datasets, high abundance of pretreatment iTreg is found able to predict poor response to PD‐1 inhibitor and is correlated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma receiving PD‐1 blockade therapy. Further, based on single‐cell RNA sequencing data, the ratio of iTregs to CD8+T cells is found significantly increased from pretreatment to post‐treatment status in nonresponders, while no such changes are found among responders. In nonresponders, iTreg cells have increased expression of IL‐10 and maintained high expression of PRDM1. The top enriched pathway in iTregs includes Il6‐Jak‐Stat3 Signaling, Il2‐Stat5 Signaling, and Glycolysis. A series of targeted or small molecule drugs predicted by iTreg specific genes are introduced. This study provides an insight into the immune suppressive role of iTreg in immunotherapy for melanoma.
Thermodynamic and molecular insights into natural gas dehydration using choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Guoxuan , Liu Qinghua , Gui Chengmin , Lei Zhigang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) as promising green drying agents were first proposed to natural gas (NG) dehydration. In this work, choline chloride (ChCl)‐based DESs were prepared using ChCl as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and triethylene glycol (TEG), ethylene glycol (EG) or Urea as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). To explore the potential application, methane (CH4) dehydration experiment was conducted to verify the dehydration performance using prepared DESs. The thermodynamic properties were predicted by COSMO‐RS model (Conductor‐like screening model for real solvents). The quantum chemistry calculation was applied to understand the separation mechanism at the molecular level. The absorption performance of H2O in DESs depends on the weak interaction between Cl atom (or N and O atom) of ChCl and H atom of H2O as well as the free volume of DESs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation discloses the intermolecular interaction between HBA and HBD. This work makes the first multi‐scale analysis on NG dehydration using DESs.
Extended familial risk of suicide death is associated with younger age at death and elevated polygenic risk of suicide
Authors: Coon Hilary , Shabalin Andrey , Bakian Amanda V. , DiBlasi Emily , Monson Eric T. , Kirby Anne , Chen Danli , Fraser Alison , Yu Zhe , Staley Michael , Callor William Brandon , Christensen Erik D. , Crowell Sheila E. , Gray Douglas , Crockett David K. , Li Qingqin S. , Keeshin Brooks , Docherty Anna R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuicide accounts for >800,000 deaths annually worldwide; prevention is an urgent public health issue. Identification of risk factors remains challenging due to complexity and heterogeneity. The study of suicide deaths with increased extended familial risk provides an avenue to reduce etiological heterogeneity and explore traits associated with increased genetic liability. Using extensive genealogical records, we identified high‐risk families where distant relatedness of suicides implicates genetic risk. We compared phenotypic and polygenic risk score (PRS) data between suicides in high‐risk extended families (high familial risk (HFR), n = 1,634), suicides linked to genealogical data not in any high‐risk families (low familial risk (LFR), n = 147), and suicides not linked to genealogical data with unknown familial risk (UFR, n = 1,865). HFR suicides were associated with lower age at death (mean = 39.34 years), more suicide attempts, and more PTSD and trauma diagnoses. For PRS tests, we included only suicides with >90% European ancestry and adjusted for residual ancestry effects. HFR suicides showed markedly higher PRS of suicide death (calculated using cross‐validation), supporting specific elevation of genetic risk of suicide in this subgroup, and also showed increased PRS of PTSD, suicide attempt, and risk taking. LFR suicides were substantially older at death (mean = 49.10 years), had fewer psychiatric diagnoses of depression and pain, and significantly lower PRS of depression. Results suggest extended familiality and trauma/PTSD may provide specificity in identifying individuals at genetic risk for suicide death, especially among younger ages, and that LFR of suicide warrants further study regarding the contribution of demographic and medical risks.
Moving beyond disclosure: Stages of care in preclinical Alzheimer's disease biomarker testing
Authors: Ketchum Fred B. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Grill Joshua , Gleason Carey E. , Erickson Claire , Clark Lindsay R. , Paulsen Jane S. , Kind Amy J.H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) begins with an asymptomatic “preclinical” phase, in which abnormal biomarkers indicate risk for developing cognitive impairment. Biomarker information is increasingly being disclosed in research settings, and is moving toward clinical settings with the development of cheaper and non‐invasive testing. Limited research has focused on the safety and psychological effects of disclosing biomarker results to cognitively unimpaired adults. However, less is known about how to ensure equitable access and robust counseling for decision‐making before testing, and how to effectively provide long‐term follow‐up and risk management after testing. Using the framework of Huntington's disease, which is based on extensive experience with disclosing and managing risk for a progressive neurodegenerative condition, this article proposes a conceptual model of pre‐disclosure, disclosure, and post‐disclosure phases for AD biomarker testing. Addressing research questions in each phase will facilitate the transition of biomarker testing into clinical practice.
16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of gut microbiome in a mini‐pig diabetes model
Authors: Niu Miaomiao , Zhao Yuqiong , Xiang Lei , Jia Yunxiao , Yuan Jifang , Dai Xin , Chen Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, increasing attention is being paid to the important role of intestinal microbiome in diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the characteristics of gut microbiome in diabetic miniature pigs, despite it being a good model animal for assessing diabetes.MethodsIn this study, a mini‐pig diabetes model (DM) was established by 9‐month high‐fat diet (HFD) combined with low‐dose streptozotocin, while the animals fed standard chow diet constituted the control group. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed to assess the characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in diabetic mini‐pigs.ResultsThe results showed that microbial structure in diabetic mini‐pigs was altered, reflected by increases in levels of Coprococcus_3 and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, which were positively correlated with diabetes, and decreases in levels of the bacteria Rikenellaceae, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, and Bacteroidales_RF16_group, which were inversely correlated with blood glucose and insulin resistance. Moreover, PICRUSt‐predicted pathways related to the glycolysis and Entner‐Doudoroff superpathway, enterobactin biosynthesis, and the l‐tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly elevated in the DM group.ConclusionThese results reveal the composition and predictive functions of the intestinal microbiome in the mini‐pig diabetes model, further verifying the relationship between HFD, gut microbiome, and diabetes, and providing novel insights into the application of the mini‐pig diabetes model in gut microbiome research.