bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperkalaemia in the emergency department: Epidemiology, management and monitoring of treatment outcomes
Authors: Pollack Kimberley , Manning Kiri R , Balassone Jacqueline , Bui Calista , Taylor David McD , Taylor Simone E 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology, treatment and monitoring of treatment outcomes of patients presenting to the ED with hyperkalaemia.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective observational study in a mixed adult/paediatric ED over five 3‐month periods. Consecutive patients were included if they had an initial serum or blood gas potassium ≥6.0 mmol/L. Patients were excluded if their principal diagnosis was diabetic ketoacidosis, their blood sample was haemolysed or the blood gas result was inconsistent with a subsequent serum potassium. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and two senior emergency registrars independently assessed available ECGs. Moderate and severe hyperkalaemia were potassium 6.0–6.4 and ≥6.5 mmol/L, respectively.ResultsOverall, 392 patients were included (mean age 73.7 years, triage category 1 or 2 28.3%, admitted 91.3%). Three hundred and twenty‐one (81.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77.6–85.5%) patients took one or more medications that predispose to hyperkalaemia and 335 (85.5%, 95% CI 81.5–88.7%) had one or more predisposing comorbidities. Two hundred and seventy‐one (69.1%, 95% CI 64.3–73.6%) patients had moderately severe and 121 (30.9%, 95% CI 26.4–35.7%) had severe hyperkalaemia. Two hundred and fifty‐nine (66.1%, 95% CI 61.1–70.7%) patients were administered at least one medication in ED to lower the potassium concentration and 51 (13.0%, 95% CI 9.9–16.8%) were dialysed. One hundred and eighty‐seven patients received intravenous insulin: 40 (21.4%) had documented biochemical hypoglycaemia, but 45 (24.1%) had no post‐insulin blood glucose level documented. Hyperkalaemia‐associated ECG changes were uncommon.ConclusionMost ED patients with hyperkalaemia have identifiable clinical and medication‐related risk factors. Variations in care were widespread and monitoring for iatrogenic adverse events was suboptimal.
Plant biodiversity assessment through soil eDNA reflects temporal and local diversity
Authors: Ariza María , Fouks Bertrand , Mauvisseau Quentin , Halvorsen Rune , Alsos Inger Greve , de Boer Hugo J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Several studies have shown the potential of eDNA‐based proxies for plant identification, but little is known about their spatial and temporal resolution. This limits its use for plant biodiversity assessments and monitoring of vegetation responses to environmental changes. Here we calibrate the temporal and spatial plant signals detected with soil eDNA surveys by comparing with a standard visual above‐ground vegetation survey.

Our approach compares vegetation in an old‐growth boreal forest in southern Norway, surveyed in 100 permanent 1‐m2 plots seven times over a 30‐year period, with a single soil eDNA metabarcoding‐based survey from soil samples collected at the same 100 plots in the year of the last vegetation survey.

On average, 60% and 10% of the vascular plants and bryophytes recorded across all vegetation surveys were detected by soil eDNA. Taxa detected by soil eDNA were more representative for the local taxa pool than for the specific plot, and corresponded to those surveyed over the 30‐year period although most closely matched the current taxa composition. Soil eDNA detected abundant taxa better than rare ones although both rare taxa and taxa unrecorded by the visual survey were detected.

Our study highlights the potential of soil eDNA assessments for monitoring of vegetation responses over broad spatial and temporal scales. The method's ability to detect abundant taxa makes it suitable for assessment of vegetation composition in a specific area and for broad‐scale plant diversity assessments.
Preoperative serum calcitonin may improve initial surgery for medullary thyroid cancer in patients with indeterminate cytology
Authors: Jassal Karishma , Ravintharan Nandhini , Prabhakaran Swetha , Grodski Simon , Serpell Jonathan W. , Lee James C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is rare, with poorer outcomes than differentiated thyroid cancer. We aimed to identify areas for improvement in the pre‐operative evaluation of patients with possible MTC in a high‐volume endocrine surgery unit in accordance with current practice guidelines. We hypothesised that the selective use of serum calcitonin (sCT) as a biomarker for possible MTC could guide the extent of initial surgical management.MethodsWe recruited MTC patients between 2000 and 2020 from the Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit database. Demographics, tumour characteristics, pre‐operative evaluation, operative management, and outcomes were analysed.ResultsOf 1454 thyroid cancer patients, 43 (3%) had MTC. Pre‐operatively, 36 (84%) patients with MTC confirmed on cytology (28, 65%), elevated sCT (6, 14%) or RET mutation (2, 4%). Of these 36 patients, 31 (86%) had optimal extent of thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection (LND). Five (14%) had less than total thyroidectomy due to nerve injury. Thirty‐four patients had compartmental LND. In the 12 (27%) patients with indeterminate or non‐diagnostic cytology, 5 had elevated sCT and were managed as above. None of the remaining seven had LND, thus potentially suboptimal surgery.ConclusionOur findings reflect the rarity of MTC, and the challenges of pre‐operative diagnosis. The addition of sCT may improve surgical planning in patients with indeterminate cytology.
Path to practising self‐compassion in a tertiary eating disorders treatment program: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Geller Josie , Fernandes Avarna , Srikameswaran Suja , Pullmer Rachelle , Marshall Sheila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough self‐compassion has been shown to facilitate eating disorder (ED) remission, significant barriers to acquiring this skill have been identified. This is particularly true for tertiary care populations, where ED behaviours provide a valued identity and readiness issues are highly salient. In this research, the voices and perspectives of patients who have recovered as well as those in later stages of tertiary care treatment were captured using qualitative methods.MethodsSeventeen individuals with a lengthy ED history (seven fully recovered, 10 currently in recovery‐focused residential treatment) participated in audio recorded interviews. Using a visual timeline, participants described the development of their understanding of self‐compassion, barriers to self‐compassion and how these barriers were overcome.ResultsThree processes were identified, reflecting different levels of readiness. Challenging my beliefs involved overcoming cognitive barriers to the concept of self‐compassion (i.e. coming to see self‐compassion as helpful), and set the stage for dealing with the world around me and rolling up my sleeves, which reflected preparatory (i.e. freeing oneself from difficult life circumstances) and active (i.e. having the courage to do the work) change efforts, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings may help patients embarking on tertiary care treatment to envision a roadmap of supportive processes and help clinicians tailor interventions to patient level of readiness for self‐compassion.
Far‐infrared radiation alleviates cisplatin‐induced vascular damage and impaired circulation via activation of HIF‐1α
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Hsien , Chen Meng‐Chuan , Hsu Yung‐Ho , Chou Tz‐Chong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSevere vascular damage and complications are often observed in cancer patients during treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin. Thus, development of potential options to ameliorate the vascular side effects is urgently needed. In this study, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of far‐infrared radiation (FIR) on cisplatin‐induced vascular injury and endothelial cytotoxicity/dysfunction in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. An important finding is that the severe vascular stenosis and poor blood flow seen in cisplatin‐treated mice were greatly mitigated by FIR irradiation (30 minutes/day) for 1‐3 days. Moreover, FIR markedly increased the levels of phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, and VEGF secretion, as well as the expression and the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in cisplatin‐treated HUVECs in a promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF)‐dependent manner. However, FIR‐stimulated endothelial angiogenesis and VEGF release were significantly diminished by transfection with HIF‐1α siRNA. We also confirmed that HIF‐1α, PI3K, and PLZF contribute to the inhibitory effect of FIR on cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in HUVECs. Notably, FIR did not affect the anticancer activity and the HIF‐1α/VEGF cascade in cisplatin‐treated cancer cells under normoxic or hypoxic condition, indicating that the actions of FIR may specifically target endothelial cells. It is the first study to demonstrate that FIR effectively attenuates cisplatin‐induced vascular damage and impaired angiogenesis through activation of HIF‐1α–dependent processes via regulation of PLZF and PI3K/Akt. Taken together, cotreatment with the noninvasive and easily performed FIR has a therapeutic potential to prevent the pathogenesis of vascular complications in cancer patients during cisplatin treatment.
Hospitalisation with injection‐related infections: Validation of diagnostic codes to monitor admission trends at a tertiary care hospital in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Curtis Stephanie J. , Langham Freya J. , Tang Mei Jie , Vujovic Olga , Doyle Joseph S. , Lau Colleen L. , Stewardson Andrew J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionInjection‐related infections (IRI) cause morbidity and mortality in people who inject drugs. Hospital administrative datasets can be used to describe hospitalisation trends, but there are no validated algorithms to identify injecting drug use and IRIs. We aimed to validate International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify admissions with IRIs and use these codes to describe IRIs within our hospital.MethodsWe developed a candidate set of ICD codes to identify current injecting drug use and IRI and extracted admissions satisfying both criteria. We then used manual chart review data from 1 January 2017 to 30 April 2019 to evaluate the performance of these codes and refine our algorithm by selecting codes with a high‐positive predictive value (PPV). We used the refined algorithm to describe trends and outcomes of people who inject drugs with an IRI at Alfred Hospital, Melbourne from 2008 to 2020.ResultsCurrent injecting drug use was best predicted by opioid‐related disorders (F11), 80% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74–85%), and other stimulant‐related disorders (F15), 82% (95% CI 70–90%). All PPVs were ≥67% to identify specific IRIs, and ≥84% for identifying any IRI. Using these codes over 12 years, IRIs increased from 138 to 249 per 100 000 admissions, and skin and soft tissues infections (SSTI) were the most common (797/1751, 46%).Discussion and ConclusionValidated ICD‐based algorithms can inform passive surveillance systems. Strategies to reduce hospitalisation with IRIs should be supported by early intervention and prevention, particularly for SSTIs which may represent delayed access to care.
Covering of large scalp defects prior to postoperative irradiation
Authors: Mittank‐Weidner Till , Voth Harald , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Grunewald Sonja 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackground and objectiveAfter R0 resection of extensive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp with indication for postoperative radiotherapy, closure techniques should be chosen that allow rapid initiation of radiotherapy. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate defect coverage by transverse transposition flap and split skin grafting of the donor site in such a scenario with regard to oncologic safety (recurrence rate) and permanence of wound closure.Patients and methodsEleven patients were identified who had histologic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated by microscopically controlled excision and defect coverage using a transverse transposition flap and split skin grafting of the donor site and who received postoperative radiotherapy. Patients were evaluated for recurrence, wound healing disorders and side effects of radiotherapy.ResultsThe mean age was 81 years. Follow‐up time averaged 1.4 years after the last radiotherapy session. Wound healing disorders of the transposition flap or graft necrosis were not detected. All therapy‐associated side effects had resolved at follow‐up. Local recurrence or metastasis did not occur.ConclusionsCombined transverse transposition flap plasty with split‐skin grafting of the donor site is a safe treatment concept with few side effects for large scalp defects with exposed calvaria requiring postoperative radiotherapy.
Powdery mildews on Quercus: A worldwide distribution and rediscovered holotype provide insights into the spread of these ecologically important pathogens
Authors: Bradshaw Michael , Braun Uwe , Pfister Donald H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPowdery mildew on oak, caused by Erysiphe spp., has been shown to have serious ecological consequences on a range of Quercus hosts. Erysiphe alphitoides and E. quercicola are two of the most heavily studied and common powdery mildews known to occur on Quercus species. In recent years, these species have been noted throughout the world on a range of hosts within and outside the Quercus genus. Reports that E. alphitoides was absent in European herbaria before 1921 and the discovery of the holotype of E. alphitoides from 1911 in an American herbarium (FH) led to the current study in which we genetically analysed six specimens of E. alphitoides s. lat including, most importantly, the holotype of E. alphitoides from France collected in 1911. The results of our analyses revealed that: (1) The sequence of the E. alphitoides holotype falls within the E. quercicola clade, confirming that E. alphitoides did not spread to Europe until ~1921. (2) E. alphitoides var. chenii forms a monophyletic clade with E. epigena and should be reduced to synonymy with that species and (3) through sequence analyses E. alphitoides and E. quercicola are confirmed to have spread to North America. The sequencing results of the E. alphitoides holotype have severe nomenclatural‐taxonomic consequences. A proposal was submitted simultaneously with the present manuscript to conserve the name E. alphitoides so that the traditional usage of the names E. alphitoides and E. quercicola could be maintained. The sequences obtained for the current study provide new insight into the taxonomy and spread of these ecologically significant, globally distributed species. The present study highlights the importance of sequencing specimens from type material, above all when morphological similar species are involved.
Cancer suppression and the evolution of multiple retrogene copies of TP53 in elephants: A re‐evaluation
Authors: Nunney Leonard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvolving to become bigger and/or longer lived should increase cancer susceptibility, but this predicted increase is not observed, a contradiction named Peto's paradox. A solution is that cancer suppression evolves to minimize cancer susceptibility, and the discovery of 19 retrogene (RTG) copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is increasingly cited as a classic example of such adaptive suppression. However, classic examples need rigorous evaluation and an alternative hypothesis is that the RTGs spread by genetic drift. This study shows that before its duplication, the ancestral elephant RTG was already truncated from 390 amino acids to 157 by a frameshift mutation, and that 14 of the 19 copies are now truncated to ≤88 amino acids. There was no compelling evidence of either positive or negative selection acting on these 88 codons, and the pattern of RTG accumulation fits a neutral model with a duplication rate of ~10−6 per generation. It is concluded that there is no evidence supporting the hypothesis that the 19 elephant RTGs spread to fixation by selection; instead, the evidence indicates that these RTGs accumulated primarily by segmental duplication and drift. It is shown that the evolutionary multistage model of carcinogenesis (EMMC) predicts the recruitment of 1–2 independently acting tumor suppressor genes to suppress the increased cancer risk in elephants, so it is possible that one or a few RTGs may have been favored by selection resulting in the known enhanced sensitivity of elephant cells to DNA damage. However, the analysis does not provide any support for either a direct (via conserved TP53 activity) or indirect (via supporting canonical TP53 function) role of the RTGs sequences, so that the presence of multiple copies of TP53 retrogenes in elephants needs to be further justified before being used as a classic example of tumor suppression in large‐bodied animals.
Are the flows of exchange‐traded funds informative?
Authors: Xu Liao , Yin Xiangkang , Zhao Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper provides novel evidence of information asymmetry in exchange‐traded fund (ETF) markets. By decomposing daily ETF flows, we find that the unexpected flow component, orthogonal to the components driven by market making and arbitraging, wields substantial power in predicting next day's ETF returns. Informed traders are able to exploit their information advantage to realize an annualized open‐to‐close return of 19.16% or close‐to‐close return of 22.42%. The informativeness of the unexpected ETF component is further confirmed by its strong power of predicting next day's macroeconomic and ETF‐related news, while the market‐making‐ and arbitraging‐driven components are not closely related to forthcoming news.
Warming drives sustained plant phosphorus demand in a humid tropical forest
Authors: Lie Zhiyang , Zhou Guoyi , Huang Wenjuan , Kadowaki Kohmei , Tissue David T. , Yan Junhua , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Li Yuelin , Liu Shizhong , Chu Guowei , Meng Ze , He Xinhua , Liu Juxiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is often one of the most limiting nutrients in highly weathered soils of humid tropical forests and may regulate the responses of carbon (C) feedback to climate warming. However, the response of P to warming at the ecosystem level in tropical forests is not well understood because previous studies have not comprehensively assessed changes in multiple P processes associated with warming. Here, we detected changes in the ecosystem P cycle in response to a 7‐year continuous warming experiment by translocating model plant‐soil ecosystems across a 600‐m elevation gradient, equivalent to a temperature change of 2.1°C. We found that warming increased plant P content (55.4%) and decreased foliar N:P. Increased plant P content was supplied by multiple processes, including enhanced plant P resorption (9.7%), soil P mineralization (15.5% decrease in moderately available organic P), and dissolution (6.8% decrease in iron‐bound inorganic P), without changing litter P mineralization and leachate P. These findings suggest that warming sustained plant P demand by increasing the biological and geochemical controls of the plant‐soil P‐cycle, which has important implications for C fixation in P‐deficient and highly productive tropical forests in future warmer climates.
Humoral antibody response to the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine in Asian patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Tung Kuei‐Ting , Peng Yu‐Sen , Hsu Shih‐Ping , Wu Hon‐Yen , Chiu Yen‐Ling , Yang Ju‐Yeh , Pai Mei‐Fen , Shu Kai‐Hsiang , Pan Szu‐Yu , Lu Hui‐Ming , Lin Wan‐Yu , Liao Chun‐Hsing , Chu Fang‐Yeh , Tsai Wan‐Chuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe immunogenicity of vaccines is known to be attenuated in patients with end‐stage kidney disease due to uremia. Patients on dialysis were excluded from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine trials; thus, the effectiveness of vaccines for this population is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether Asian dialysis patients can effectively produce an immune response after being vaccinated with the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine.Design setting, participants, and measurementsIn this prospective cohort study, we included Asian hemodialysis patients who received the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine. At 3 weeks after the first dose of vaccination, we assessed the humoral immune response by measuring anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S antibody titers. The primary outcome was the seropositive rate following vaccination, defined as an antibody titer greater than or equal to 0.8 U/ml. Factors associated with seropositivity were explored in multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 434 participants were included. The mean age was 64 years, the mean dialysis vintage was 6 years, and 61% of the participants were men. At a mean time of 22 days from vaccination, 56% of the participants were seropositive. The vast majority (88%) had low antibody titers (< 15 U/ml). The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age (every increase of 10 years, odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.98, p = 0.03) was negatively associated with seropositivity and that higher Kt/V (every increase of 0.1, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.28, p = 0.03) and higher serum albumin level (every increase of 0.1 g/dl, OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.18, p = 0.02) were positively associated with seropositivity.ConclusionsIn Asian hemodialysis patients, the seropositive rate was low, and most had low antibody titers after the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine. Younger age, better dialysis adequacy, and higher albumin levels were associated with seropositivity.
Network of Bi2O3–Al2O3–NaPO3 glasses studied by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Ruili , Ma Delong , Wang Jianrong , Chen Yang , Hu Xun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA detailed structural investigation of a series of phosphate laser glasses with composition xBi2O3–yAl2O3–(100 − x–y)NaPO3 (x = 0, 10; y = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20) has been conducted using solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the addition of Bi2O3 and Al2O3 leads to the depolymerization of the phosphorus chain in the process of Q2 → Q1 → Q0. The various phosphorus species (Qn, n = 0, 1, 2) are identified by 31P single pulse, 31P{27Al} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance, 31P{27Al} J‐coupling‐based heteronuclear multiple‐quantum coherence, and 1D refocused INADEQUATE experiments. The results of 23Na{31P}, 31P{23Na}, 27Al{31P} rotational echo double resonance, and XPS consistently confirm that Na+, Al3+, and Bi3+ ions are all bound by phosphorus tetrahedron [PO4]3−. No bond is formed between these glass modifiers. Based on the complementary evidence from previous experiments, comprehensive local structure models are developed for these Bi2O3–Al2O3–NaPO3 glasses.