bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid electrospun scaffolds based on polylactic acid/ PAMAM dendrimer/gemini surfactant for enhancement of synergistic antibacterial ability for biomedical application
Authors: Shabanloo Rasool , Akbari Somaye , Mirsalehi Marjan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hybrid electrospun scaffolds based on poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM-G2) dendrimer/gemini surfactant were fabricated for the enhancement of synergistic antibacterial activities. The second generation of poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM-G2) and cationic gemini surfactant were utilized to functionalize the optimum electrospun scaffolds. The gelatination process was utilized to improve the wettability of PLLA scaffolds to extend cell attachment and cell proliferation. PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized by energy dispersion x-ray, scanning electron microscopy images, mechanical properties, water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential and antibacterial assessment. In vitro cell biocompatibility was evaluated by 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and morphology of PC-12 cells cultured on hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds and gelatinized ones. The results indicated that the optimum scaffolds could successfully modify the characteristics of PLLA scaffolds leading to much more appropriate physical and chemical properties. In addition, gelatinized nanofibrous scaffolds reveal more wettability enhancing cell attachment and proliferation. Furthermore, using poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM-G2) and gemini surfactant reveals synergetic antibacterial activity due to the competition between both cationic groups of PAMAM and gemini surfactant. Finally, improved cell adhesion and cell viability on modified scaffolds were confirmed. These favorable properties give a chance for these scaffolds to be used in a wide variety of biomedical applications.
Transmission of coherent information at the onset of interactions
Authors: Kendall Emily , Šoda Barbara , Kempf Achim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the parameters governing the rate at which a quantum channel arises at the onset of an interaction between two systems, A and B. In particular, when system A is pre-entangled with an ancilla,

A

~

, we quantify the early-time transmission of pre-existing entanglement by calculating the leading order change in coherent information of the complementary channel (A → B′). We show that, when A and B are initially unentangled and B is pure, there is no change in coherent information to first order, while the leading (second) order change is divergent. However, this divergence may be regulated by embedding the conventional notion of coherent information into what we call the family of n-coherent informations, defined using n-Rényi entropies. We find that the rate of change of the n-coherent information at the onset of the interaction is governed by a quantity, which we call the n-exposure, which captures the extent to which the initial coherent information of A with

A

~

is exposed to or ‘seen by’ the interaction Hamiltonian between A and B. We give examples in qubit systems and in the light–matter interaction.
Optimal bounds on the speed of subspace evolution*
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , Motovilov Alexander K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By a quantum speed limit one usually understands an estimate on how fast a quantum system can evolve between two distinguishable states. The most known quantum speed limit is given in the form of the celebrated Mandelstam–Tamm inequality that bounds the speed of the evolution of a state in terms of its energy dispersion. In contrast to the basic Mandelstam–Tamm inequality, we are concerned not with a single state but with a (possibly infinite-dimensional) subspace which is subject to the Schrödinger evolution. By using the concept of maximal angle between subspaces we derive optimal bounds on the speed of such a subspace evolution. These bounds may be viewed as further generalizations of the Mandelstam–Tamm inequality. Our study includes the case of unbounded Hamiltonians.
Breath biomarkers associated with nontuberculosis mycobacteria disease status in persons with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study
Authors: Mani-Varnosfaderani Ahmad , Gao Antao , Poch Katie R , Caceres Silvia M , Nick Jerry A , Hill Jane E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by mycobacteria cause significant mortality and morbidity in the human population. Diagnosing mycobacterial infections is challenging. An infection can lead to active disease or remain indolent with little clinical consequence. In patients with pulmonary nontuberculosis mycobacteria (PNTM) identification of infection and diagnosis of disease can take months to years. Our previous studies showed the potential diagnostic power of volatile molecules in the exhaled breath samples to detect active pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to detect the disease status of PNTM in the breath of persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). We putatively identified 17 volatile molecules that could discriminate between active-NTM disease (n = 6), indolent patients (n = 3), and those patients who have never cultured an NTM (n = 2). The results suggest that further confirmation of the breath biomarkers as a non-invasive and culture-independent tool for diagnosis of NTM disease in a larger cohort of PwCF is warranted
Light localization in a linearly graded-index substrate covered by intensity dependent nonlinear self-focusing cladding
Authors: Savotchenko S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The new features of the light localization along the graded-index substrate covered by the cladding characterized by a self-focusing nonlinearity are described theoretically. In the model of nonlinearity the dielectric function in substrate depends linearly on the distance from the cover-substrate interface. The optical characteristics of Kerr type positive nonlinear response in the cover is changed abruptly with an increasing light intensity. The light intensity distribution in across interface direction described by exact solution to nonlinear wave equation is calculated and analyzed. It is found that increasing the width of the graded-index layer leads to a shift in the position of the maximum intensity. The intensity maximum appears in the graded-index substrate after the effective refractive index reaches the critical value. The thickness of nonlinear near-surface layer, which is formed after the light intensity reaches the critical value, monotonically decreases with increasing width of the graded-index layer. The possibility of realizing a multimode regime of the light propagation, which can be realized with an increasing width of the graded-index layer and it is characterized by a deep penetration of the light field into the substrate, is derived. The possibility of control the distribution of the light power between the cover and substrate by change in the effective refractive index and the width of the graded-index layer is described.
Implementation and application of PyNE sub-voxel R2S for shutdown dose rate analysis
Authors: ZHANG Xiaokang , SHRIWISE Patrick C , LIU Songlin , WILSON Paul P H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PyNE R2S is a mesh-based R2S implementation with the capability of performing shutdown dose rate (SDR) analysis directly on CAD geometry with Cartesian or tetrahedral meshes. It supports advanced variance reduction for fusion energy systems. However, the assumption of homogenized materials of PyNE R2S with a Cartesian mesh throughout a mesh voxel introduces an approximation in the case where a voxel covers multiple non-void cells. This work implements a sub-voxel method to add fidelity to PyNE R2S with a Cartesian mesh during the process of activation and photon source sampling by performing independent inventory calculations for each cell within a mesh voxel and using the results of those independent calculations to sample the photon source more precisely. PyNE sub-voxel R2S has been verified with the Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG)-ITER and ITER computational shutdown dose rate benchmark problems. The results for sub-voxel R2S show satisfactory agreement with the experimental values or reference results. PyNE sub-voxel R2S has been applied to the shutdown dose rate calculation of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR). In conclusion, sub-voxel R2S is a reliable tool for SDR calculation and obtains more accurate results with the same voxel size than voxel R2S.
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx-1 vaccines in residents of long-term care facilities in England using a time-varying proportional hazards model
Authors: Paranthaman Karthik , Subbarao Sathyavani , Andrews Nick , Kirsebom Freja , Gower Charlotte , Lopez-Bernal Jamie , Ramsay Mary , Copas Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at high risk of adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one and two doses of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx-1 against SARS CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related death in residents of LTCFs.

Methods
this observational study used testing, vaccination and mortality data for LTCF residents aged ≥ 65 years who were regularly tested regardless of symptoms from 8 December 2020 to 30 September 2021 in England. Adjusted VE, calculated as one minus adjusted hazard ratio, was estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models for infection and death within 28 days of positive test result. Vaccine status was defined by receipt of one or two doses of vaccine and assessed over a range of intervals.

Results
of 197,885 LTCF residents, 47,087 (23.8%) had a positive test and 11,329 (5.8%) died within 28 days of a positive test during the study period. Relative to unvaccinated individuals, VE for infection was highest for ChAdOx-1 at 61% (40–74%) at 1–4 weeks and for BNT162b2 at 69% (52–80%) at 11–15 weeks following the second dose. Against death, VE was highest for ChAdOx-1 at 83% (58–94%) at 1–4 weeks and for BNT162b2 at 91% (75–97%) at 11–15 weeks following second dose.

Conclusions
compared with unvaccinated residents, vaccination with one dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx-1 provided moderate protection against infection and death in residents of LTCFs. Protection against death improved after two doses. However, some waning of protection over time was noted.
V—Commanders and Scientific Labourers: Nietzsche on the Relationship between Philosophy and Science
Authors: Cristy Rachel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNietzsche’s attitude toward science is ambivalent: he remarks approvingly on its rigorous methodology and adventurous spirit, but also points out its limitations and rebukes scientists for encroaching onto philosophers’ territory. What does Nietzsche think is science’s proper role and relationship with philosophy? I argue that, according to Nietzsche, philosophy should set goals for science. Philosophers’ distinctive task is to ‘create values’, which involves two steps: (1) envisaging ideals for human life, and (2) turning those ideals into prescriptions for behaviour and societal organization. To accomplish step (2), philosophers should delegate scientists to investigate what moral rules and social arrangements have best advanced this ideal in the past or might in the future.
IV—Wittgenstein, Anscombe and the Need for Metaphysical Thinking
Authors: Wiseman Rachael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetaphysicians are in the business of making and defending modal claims—claims about how things must, or could or could not be. Wittgenstein’s opposition to necessity claims, along with his various negative remarks about ‘metaphysical’ uses of language, makes it seem almost a truism that Wittgenstein was opposed to metaphysics. In this paper I want to make a case for rejecting that apparent truism. My thesis is that it is illuminating to characterize what Wittgenstein and Anscombe are doing in their philosophical writing as metaphysics without manufactured necessities. Doing so helps to articulate a sharper, more interesting, critique of contemporary metaphysical practices than therapeutic or linguistic framings of Wittgenstein’s method make possible. It also allows us to place Anscombe in the context of a tradition of British metaphysics that emerged in the 1940s in an attempt to reverse the devastating impact on ethics of the new ‘analytical’ philosophy.
A Markov random field model-based approach for differentially expressed gene detection from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Zhu Biqing , Li Hongyu , Zhang Le , Chandra Sreeganga S , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has offered insights into complex biological systems at the single-cell resolution. In particular, these techniques facilitate the identifications of genes showing cell-type-specific differential expressions (DE). In this paper, we introduce MARBLES, a novel statistical model for cross-condition DE gene detection from scRNA-seq data. MARBLES employs a Markov Random Field model to borrow information across similar cell types and utilizes cell-type-specific pseudobulk count to account for sample-level variability. Our simulation results showed that MARBLES is more powerful than existing methods to detect DE genes with an appropriate control of false positive rate. Applications of MARBLES to real data identified novel disease-related DE genes and biological pathways from both a single-cell lipopolysaccharide mouse dataset with 24 381 cells and 11 076 genes and a Parkinson’s disease human data set with 76 212 cells and 15 891 genes. Overall, MARBLES is a powerful tool to identify cell-type-specific DE genes across conditions from scRNA-seq data.
fastDRH: a webserver to predict and analyze protein–ligand complexes based on molecular docking and MM/PB(GB)SA computation
Authors: Wang Zhe , Pan Hong , Sun Huiyong , Kang Yu , Liu Huanxiang , Cao Dongsheng , Hou Tingjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Predicting the native or near-native binding pose of a small molecule within a protein binding pocket is an extremely important task in structure-based drug design, especially in the hit-to-lead and lead optimization phases. In this study, fastDRH, a free and open accessed web server, was developed to predict and analyze protein–ligand complex structures. In fastDRH server, AutoDock Vina and AutoDock-GPU docking engines, structure-truncated MM/PB(GB)SA free energy calculation procedures and multiple poses based per-residue energy decomposition analysis were well integrated into a user-friendly and multifunctional online platform. Benefit from the modular architecture, users can flexibly use one or more of three features, including molecular docking, docking pose rescoring and hotspot residue prediction, to obtain the key information clearly based on a result analysis panel supported by 3Dmol.js and Apache ECharts. In terms of protein–ligand binding mode prediction, the integrated structure-truncated MM/PB(GB)SA rescoring procedures exhibit a success rate of &gt;80% in benchmark, which is much better than the AutoDock Vina (~70%). For hotspot residue identification, our multiple poses based per-residue energy decomposition analysis strategy is a more reliable solution than the one using only a single pose, and the performance of our solution has been experimentally validated in several drug discovery projects. To summarize, the fastDRH server is a useful tool for predicting the ligand binding mode and the hotspot residue of protein for ligand binding. The fastDRH server is accessible free of charge at http://cadd.zju.edu.cn/fastdrh/.
Two acquired mouse Y chromosome-linked genes,Prssly andTeyorf1, are dispensable for male fertility
Authors: Holmlund Hayden , Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Durango Gerald , Fujii Wataru , Ward Monika A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrssly (Protease, serine-like, Chr Y) and Teyorf1 (Testis expressed, chromosome Y open reading frame 1) are two acquired single-copy genes located on the distal tip of the non-pairing short arm of the mouse Y chromosome adjacent to telomeric sequence. Both genes lack X chromosome-linked homologues and are expressed in testicular germ cells. We first performed analysis of Prssly and Teyorf1 genomic sequences and demonstrated that previously reported Prssly sequence is erroneous and the true Prssly sequence is longer and encodes a larger protein than previously estimated. We also confirmed that both genes encode pseudogenes that are not expressed in testes. Next, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome targeting, we generated Prssly and Teyorf1 knockout (KO) mice and characterized their phenotype. To create Prssly KO mice, we targeted the conserved exon 5 encoding a trypsin domain typical for serine proteases. The targeting was successful and resulted in a frame shift mutation that introduced a premature stop codon, with the Prssly KO males retaining only residual transcript expression in testes. The Teyorf1 targeting removed the entire open reading frame of the gene, which resulted in no transcript expression in KO males. Both Prssly KO and Teyorf1 KO males were fertile and had normal testis size and normal sperm number, motility, and morphology. Our findings show that Prssly and Teyorf1 transcripts with potential to encode proteins are dispensable for male fertility.
Understanding Technology’s Impact on Youth: Attachment Theory as a Framework for Conceptualizing Adolescents’ Relationship with Their Mobile Devices
Authors: Hodge David R , Gebler-Wolfe Molly M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Most adolescents have mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) and daily access to the internet. Scholars, however, have only recently begun to consider the impact of this technology on youth. This article draws on attachment theory to explain how adolescents’ attachment styles may be represented in their attachment to technology. The authors posit that the attachment framework used to describe the relationship between infants and their primary caregivers can also be used to explain the relationship between adolescents and their mobile devices, and then describe and illustrate what secure and insecure attachment to these devices may look like for adolescents. By providing a theoretical lens through which to view this emerging topic, interventions at the micro and macro levels can be created to counter the detrimental effects of technology use on youth. For instance, at the micro level, practitioners might work with parents to cocreate strategies to facilitate salutary smartphone use. At the macro level, social workers might consider advocating for policies that protect children from the application of technologies that are designed to exploit their developmental, psychological, and neurobiological vulnerabilities.
Different predictors of intimate partner and natal family violence against women
Authors: Campbell Olympia L K , Mace Ruth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Violence against women is often studied in the context of violence from intimate partners. However, women receive violence from a wider range of individuals—such as their natal kin—including their siblings, parents, uncles and cousins. Applying insights from evolutionary theory, we examine whether cousin marriage, which has been hypothesized to both reduce the risk of partner violence but increase the risk of natal family violence, associates differently with each type of violence. Second, we test whether common risk factors for partner violence, such as wealth, associate similarly with natal violence.

Methodology
We analyse over 16 000 Jordanian women from three cohorts of the Jordan Demographic Health Surveys. Predictor variables include type of cousin marriage (patrilateral or matrilateral), education, wealth, number of children, urban living and polygyny. Outcome variables include whether a woman’s husband or her natal family has ever been physically violent towards her.

Results
Being married to a patrilateral cousin but not a matrilateral cousin is associated with a reduced risk of reporting intimate partner violence (IPV). By contrast being married to a matrilateral cousin but not a patrilateral one is associated with a reduced risk of reporting natal family violence. As expected, wealth is negatively associated with reporting partner violence, but we find no association with reports of natal family violence. Finally, individuals with more children are more likely to report IPV.

Conclusions and implications
Findings indicate the importance of distinguishing between types of cousin marriage and highlight substantial differences in risk factors for intimate partner compared to natal family violence.

Lay Summary
Sociodemographic risk factors, such as wealth, may associate differently with intimate partner and natal family violence. Results suggest that whether cousin marriage is protective of violence may depend on the type of cousin and secondly, that violence can have fitness relevant outcomes.
Putting the Nursing and Home in Nursing Homes
Authors: Grabowski David C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the late Robert Kane observed, the term nursing home is often a misnomer. Most U.S. nursing homes lack adequate nursing staff, and they are typically not very homelike in either their physical structure or culture. These problems were magnified during the pandemic. The underlying reasons for these longstanding issues are that most state Medicaid payment systems reimburse nursing homes at a relatively low level and the government does not hold nursing homes accountable for spending dollars on direct resident care. To encourage increased staffing and more homelike models of care, policymakers need to reform how nursing homes are paid and hold facilities accountable for how they spend government dollars. With these reforms, the term nursing home will become more appropriate in the United States.
Copyright Meets Consumer Data Portability Rights: Inevitable Friction between IP and the Remedies in the Digital Content Directive
Authors: Geiregat Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The 2019 Digital Content Directive harmonizes the remedies of consumers in case of a lack of conformity of digital content or a digital service supplied to them by a professional party. Although the Directive is ‘without prejudice’ to intellectual property (IP), there are inherent overlaps with copyright in scenarios where consumers are entitled to terminate the contract. On the one hand, Art. 16(4) provides consumers with a restricted right at the time of termination to retrieve any nonpersonal content which was provided or created by them when using the digital content or service. It is argued that exercising that right can entail infringements of third-party copyright, depending on the circumstances, and that IP may often undermine the very regulatory concept and objectives of this ‘portability right’, particularly when cocreated content is involved. By contrast, traders should not be allowed to reject portability requests by waiving their own IP rights, as this would hamper the effectiveness of the consumer’s remedy. On the other hand, directive-based termination does not necessarily affect the fate of terms licensing or transferring IP rights in consumer content to traders, service providers or their (sub)licensees, because this is primarily a matter for national law. However, it is argued that traders, service providers and remaining service users can only keep relying on those licenses if their uses are within the scope of Art. 16(3) of the Directive, notwithstanding any deviating agreement to the detriment of the consumer.