bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and short‐circuit current breaking test verification of a 72.5 kV single‐break fast vacuum circuit breaker
Authors: Guan Chen , Yao Xiaofei , Chen Xinggui , Zhang Luyang , Zhang Ran , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan , Ma Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFast clearing of a short‐circuit fault is vital to increase the transmission capacity of power grid transmission lines and improve the transient stability of a power system. A fast vacuum circuit breaker (FVCB) is a good candidate to realize quick elimination of a short‐circuit fault. The original contribution of this paper is to present the design of a 72.5 kV single‐break FVCB and its verification of short‐circuit breaking performance. A specially designed 72.5 kV vacuum interrupter, with floating shields and reduced mass of moving components, was developed. An electromagnetic repulsion actuator was used to provide a high initial opening speed, V1, of 5 m/s over half of the full‐contact gap and a relatively low average opening speed, V2, of 1.59 m/s in the full contact gap of 30 mm. The high‐designed V1 and low‐designed V2 were achieved with the aid of a deliberately designed oil buffer. The opening and closing time of the designed 72.5 kV FVCB was 1.2 ± 0.04 ms and 18 ± 0.20 ms respectively. The terminal fault test duty of T100s(b), carried out on the 72.5 kV FVCB, demonstrated both the 40 kArms and 80 kArms short‐circuit current breaking performance. The short‐circuit current breaking arcing time windows of FVCB, including the minimum arcing time, the maximum arcing time, and the middle arcing time, was verified to fulfill the requirement of the international standard, IEC 62271‐100 2017, and the Chinese standard, GB/T 1984–2014, both for the 40 kArms and 80 kArms switching cases, respectively. Further development of the 72.5 kV single‐break FVCB would benefit the development of ultra‐ or extra‐high voltage FVCBs by reducing essential numbers of series‐connected breaking units.
Graph attention network for Car‐Following Model under game between desired and real state
Authors: Xing Han , Liu Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Car‐following model plays a major role in the study of traffic flow theories and traffic simulation. Car‐following behaviours can be regarded as a game process between the desired driving state and the real traffic state. By defining the expected car‐following state, this paper expresses the game process with a graph attention neural network, and developed the GATCF car‐following model. Different from other models that apply time series information as input, GATCF only needs instantaneous information as feature input. Two simulation cases, trajectory sequence prediction and multi‐vehicle simulation, are performed with the I‐80 data in the NGSIM project. Compared with other car‐following models such as Gipps model, Optimal Velocity model, and Intelligent Driver model, the GATCF model developed in this paper shows higher accuracy and stability.
Governmentality-in-action
Authors: Clifton Jonathan , Jacobs Geert , Valeiras-Jurado Julia , Vandendaele Astrid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foucault’s notion of governmentality has been the focus of much research. However, little work provides an account
of how governmentality is enacted as social practice. Using transcripts of naturally-occurring talk taken from a face-to-face
coaching session and text taken from a career consultant’s website as data, the purpose of this paper is to make visible, and thus
analysable, the way in which governmentality and the regulation of identities are enacted. In order to do this, we use critical
discursive psychology as a method. Findings indicate that the coach is talked into being as an expert who diagnoses a ‘problem’
concerning the coachee’s career path and provides advice on how to solve the ‘problem’. This advice, drawing on wider social
Discourses of happiness at work, regulates the identity of the coachee by prescribing acceptable ways of thinking about, and
acting on, the self and so enacts governmentality.
Braided symmetries in noncommutative field theory
Authors: Giotopoulos Grigorios , Szabo Richard J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We give a pedagogical introduction to L
∞-algebras and their uses in organising the symmetries and dynamics of classical field theories, as well as of the conventional noncommutative gauge theories that arise as low-energy effective field theories in string theory. We review recent developments which formulate field theories with braided gauge symmetries as a new means of overcoming several obstacles in the standard noncommutative theories, such as the restrictions on gauge algebras and matter fields. These theories can be constructed by using techniques from Drinfel’d twist deformation theory, which we review in some detail, and their symmetries and dynamics are controlled by a new homotopy algebraic structure called a ‘braided L
∞-algebra’. We expand and elaborate on several novel theoretical issues surrounding these constructions, and present three new explicit examples: the standard noncommutative scalar field theory (regarded as a braided field theory), a braided version of BF theory in arbitrary dimensions (regarded as a higher gauge theory), and a new braided version of noncommutative Yang–Mills theory for arbitrary gauge algebras.
Biomedical detection dogs for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections from axillary sweat and breath samples
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Authors: Devillier Philippe , Gallet Capucine , Salvator Hélène , Lecoq-Julien Clothilde , Naline Emmanuel , Roisse Didier , Levert Clément , Breton Erwan , Galtat Arnaud , Decourtray Sandra , Prevel Laura , Grassin-Delyle Stanislas , Grandjean Dominique 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of a nasal swab is still the ‘gold standard’ for detecting a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, PCR testing could be usefully complemented by non-invasive, fast, reliable, cheap methods for detecting infected individuals in busy areas (e.g. airports and railway stations) or remote areas. Detection of the volatile, semivolatile and non-volatile compound signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection by trained sniffer dogs might meet these requirements. Previous studies have shown that well-trained dogs can detect SARS-CoV-2 in sweat, saliva and urine samples. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of dogs trained to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in axillary-sweat-stained gauzes and on expired breath trapped in surgical masks. The samples were provided by individuals suffering from mild-to-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), asymptomatic individuals, and individuals vaccinated against COVID-19. Results: Seven trained dogs tested on 886 presentations of sweat samples from 241 subjects and detected SARS-CoV-2 with a diagnostic sensitivity (relative to the PCR test result) of 89.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.4%–92.2%) and a specificity of 83.9% (95% CI: 80.3%–87.0%)—even when people with a low viral load were included in the analysis. When considering the 207 presentations of sweat samples from vaccinated individuals, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 85.7% (95% CI: 68.5%–94.3%) and 86.0% (95% CI: 80.2%–90.3%). The likelihood of a false-positive result was greater in the two weeks immediately after COVID-19 vaccination. Four of the seven dogs also tested on 262 presentations of mask samples from 98 subjects; the diagnostic sensitivity was 83.1% (95% CI: 73.2%–89.9%) and the specificity was 88.6% (95% CI: 83.3%–92.4%). There was no difference (McNemar’s test P = 0.999) in the dogs’ abilities to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in paired samples of sweat-stained gauzes vs surgical masks worn for only 10 min. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the promise of SARS-CoV-2 screening by detection dogs and broaden the method’s scope to vaccinated individuals and easy-to-obtain face masks, and suggest that a ‘dogs + confirmatory rapid antigen detection tests’ screening strategy might be worth investigating.
Insight into the mechanism of geranyl-β-phellandrene formation catalyzed by Class IB terpene synthases
Authors: Iwakata Shogo , Asada Kazuya , Nishi Tomoyuki , Stepanova Rafaella , Shinoda So , Ueda Daijiro , Fujihashi Masahiro , Yasuno Yoko , Shinada Tetsuro , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Terpene synthase (TS) from Bacillus alcalophilus (BalTS) is the only Class IB TS for which a 3D structure has been elucidated. Recently, geranyl-β-phellandrene, a novel cyclic diterpene, was identified as a product of BalTS in addition to the acyclic β-springene. In the present study, we have provided insight into the mechanism of geranyl-β-phellandrene formation. Deuterium labeling experiments revealed that the compound is produced via a 1,3-hydride shift. In addition, nonenzymatic reactions using divalent metal ions were performed. The enzyme is essential for the geranyl-β-phellandrene formation. Furthermore, BalTS variants targeting tyrosine residues enhanced the yield of geranyl-β-phellandrene and the proportion of the compound of the total products. It was suggested that the expansion of the active site space may allow the conformation of the intermediates necessary for cyclization. The present study describes the first Class IB TSs to successfully alter product profiles while retaining high enzyme activity.
Sex-specific evolution of brain size and structure and covariation with eye size in Trinidadian killifish
Authors: Howell Kaitlyn J , Beston Shannon M , Walsh Matthew R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLinks between contrasting ecological conditions and evolutionary shifts in neurosensory components, such as brain and eye size, are accumulating. Whether selection operates in a different manner on these traits between sexes is unclear. Trinidadian killifish (Anablepsoides hartii) are found in sites with and without predators. Male killifish from sites without predators have evolved larger brains and eyes than males from sites with predators. These differences in brain size are present early in life but disappear in adult size classes. Here, we evaluated female brain growth allometries to determine whether females exhibit similar size-specific differences in brain size between sites that differ in predation intensity. We also quantified brain size and structure and eye size to determine whether these structures co-evolved in a sex-specific manner. We found that female brain growth allometries did not differ across populations. Yet, female killifish from sites without predators exhibited a larger cerebellum, optic tectum and dorsal medulla early in life (before maturation), although such differences disappeared in larger size classes. Females from sites with predators exhibited similar patterns in brain growth to males in those sites; therefore, shifts in brain size and structure are driven by differences between sexes in sites without predators. We also found evidence for covariation between brain and eye size in both sexes despite different levels of variation in both structures, suggesting that these structures might covary to fluctuating degrees in sex-specific ways. We conclude that differential investment in brain tissue in sites without predators might be linked to varying reproductive and cognitive demands between the sexes.
Careful Digital Kinship: Understanding Multispecies Digital Kinship, Choreographies of Care and Older Adults During the Pandemic in Australia
Authors: Hjorth Larissa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the pandemic many aspects of our life were recalibrated through the digital—highlighting the paradoxes of the digital for both empowerment and exploitation. In particular, the pandemic demonstrated the increasing role of the digital in shaping, and being shaped by, kinship. Kinship is a complex term that captures our relationality, intimacies and connections. Kinship is always in action, always becoming. Throughout the pandemic, some cohorts such as older adults (65 years +) were disproportionally disadvantaged due to the uneven digital literacies skills. In this article I expand upon the role of digital kinship as part of human and more-than-human choreography of (informal) care for older adults in Australia. I also reflect on the role of creative forms of knowledge transmission such as illustrations and placemaking games to curate public awareness and enact change.
Quantification of thermal impacts across freshwater life stages to improve temperature management for anadromous salmonids
Authors: FitzGerald Alyssa M , Martin Benjamin T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water temperature is the major controlling factor that shapes the physiology, behaviour and, ultimately, survival of aquatic ectotherms. Here we examine temperature effects on the survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a species of high economic and conservation importance. We implement a framework to assess how incremental changes in temperature impact survival across populations that is based on thermal performance models for three freshwater life stages of Chinook salmon. These temperature-dependent models were combined with local spatial distribution and phenology data to translate spatial–temporal stream temperature data into maps of life stage-specific physiological performance in space and time. Specifically, we converted temperature-dependent performance (i.e. energy used by pre-spawned adults, mortality of incubating embryos and juvenile growth rate) into a common currency that measures survival in order to compare thermal effects across life stages. Based on temperature data from two abnormally warm and dry years for three managed rivers in the Central Valley, California, temperature-dependent mortality during pre-spawning holding was higher than embryonic mortality or juvenile mortality prior to smolting. However, we found that local phenology and spatial distribution helped to mitigate negative thermal impacts. In a theoretical application, we showed that high temperatures may inhibit successful reintroduction of threatened Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon to two rivers where they have been extirpated. To increase Chinook salmon population sizes, especially for the threatened and declining spring-run, our results indicate that adults may need more cold-water holding habitat than currently available in order to reduce pre-spawning mortality stemming from high temperatures. To conclude, our framework is an effective way to calculate thermal impacts on multiple salmonid populations and life stages within a river over time, providing local managers the information to minimize negative thermal impacts on salmonid populations, particularly important during years when cold-water resources are scarce.
Cannulation strategy in frozen elephant trunk for type A aortic dissection: double arterial cannulation approach
Authors: Liang Shenghua , Liu Yanxiang , Zhang Bowen , Dun Yaojun , Guo Hongwei , Qian Xiangyang , Sun Xiaogang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of double arterial cannulation (DAC), axillary cannulation and femoral cannulation in patients undergoing frozen elephant trunk for type A aortic dissection.

METHODS
Between 2015 and 2020, the study included 488 patients and was divided into 3 groups: 171 in the DAC group, 217 in the axillary group and 100 in the femoral group. Overall survival was the primary end point and clinical outcomes were analysed after inverse probability weighting.

RESULTS
A total of 43 patients died during the follow-up period. DAC group presented higher percentages of coeliac trunk, renal and iliac artery malperfusion, but early outcomes and overall survival did not differ among groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that in patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass duration ≥180 min, DAC approach was associated with a tendency to improved overall survival compared with axillary [hazard ratio (HR): 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.90, P = 0.029) and femoral cannulation (HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–1.03, P = 0.058). Inverse probability weighting adjustment (axillary as reference: HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.86, P = 0.022; femoral as reference: HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11–0.90, P = 0.030) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model (covariates including age, gender, acute dissection, any organ malperfusion and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest) confirmed this result.

CONCLUSIONS
DAC approach was commonly used in patients with branch artery malperfusion and clinical outcomes did not differ compared with axillary and femoral cannulation. It provides a flexible and effective option with adequate perfusion for cases with various dissection-involved statuses and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: defining proportion in the microscopic realm during the 17th century
Authors: Davis Ian M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines comparisons Antoni van Leeuwenhoek made between everyday objects, such as grains of sand, millet seeds, and hairs, and the structures and objects he observed through his single-lens microscopes. These comparisons, their possible origins in commerce, and the variety of Leeuwenhoek's observations have not been appreciated widely for their elegance. His measurements of the microscopic world might have grown out of his time as an apprentice to William Davidson, an international cloth merchant in Amsterdam, Leeuwenhoek's surveying licensure, drapery business, and other commercial experiences in Delft. Leeuwenhoek initiated the use of comparisons in his 28 April 1673 letter to the Royal Society, his first letter describing his observations. He compared animalcules, blood cells, fat globules, veins and arteries, insect, plant, and mineral structures to a range of conventional, although tiny objects such as fine and coarse grains of sand, millet grains, human hairs, and other items. In many of his comparisons, he arrived at size estimates for the objects that are very close to the sizes found using current instruments and techniques. Examples of Leeuwenhoek's comparisons will be provided.
How to remove or control confounds in predictive models, with applications to brain biomarkers
Authors: Chyzhyk Darya , Varoquaux Gaël , Milham Michael , Thirion Bertrand 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
With increasing data sizes and more easily available computational methods, neurosciences rely more and more on predictive modeling with machine learning, e.g., to extract disease biomarkers. Yet, a successful prediction may capture a confounding effect correlated with the outcome instead of brain features specific to the outcome of interest. For instance, because patients tend to move more in the scanner than controls, imaging biomarkers of a disease condition may mostly reflect head motion, leading to inefficient use of resources and wrong interpretation of the biomarkers.

Results
Here we study how to adapt statistical methods that control for confounds to predictive modeling settings. We review how to train predictors that are not driven by such spurious effects. We also show how to measure the unbiased predictive accuracy of these biomarkers, based on a confounded dataset. For this purpose, cross-validation must be modified to account for the nuisance effect. To guide understanding and practical recommendations, we apply various strategies to assess predictive models in the presence of confounds on simulated data and population brain imaging settings. Theoretical and empirical studies show that deconfounding should not be applied to the train and test data jointly: modeling the effect of confounds, on the training data only, should instead be decoupled from removing confounds.

Conclusions
Cross-validation that isolates nuisance effects gives an additional piece of information: confound-free prediction accuracy.
KLR and Schur Algebras for Curves and Semi-Cuspidal Representations
Authors: Maksimau Ruslan , Minets Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGiven a smooth curve $C$, we define and study analogues of KLR algebras and quiver Schur algebras, where quiver representations are replaced by torsion sheaves on $C$. In particular, they provide a geometric realization for certain affinized symmetric algebras. When $C={\mathbb{P}}^1$, a version of curve Schur algebra turns out to be Morita equivalent to the imaginary semi-cuspidal category of the Kronecker quiver in any characteristic. As a consequence, we argue that one should not expect to have a reasonable theory of parity sheaves for affine quivers.
Morphological, Molecular and MALDI-TOF MS Identification of Bedbugs and AssociatedWolbachiaSpecies in Rural Senegal
Authors: Ndiaye El Hadji Ibrahima , Diatta Georges , Diarra Adama Zan , Berenger Jean Michel , Bassene Hubert , Mediannikov Oleg , Bouganali Charles , Sokhna Cheikh , Parola Philippe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBed bugs are known to carry several microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bed bug infestation in two rural areas of Senegal and determine the species present in the population. A screening was conducted to detect some arthropod associated pathogenic bacteria in bed bugs and to evaluate the prevalence of endosymbiont carriage. One survey took place in 17 villages in Niakhar and two surveys in Dielmo and Ndiop and surroundings area in the same 20 villages. Bed bugs collected were identified morphologically and by MALDI-TOF MS tools. Microorganisms screening was performed by qPCR and confirmed by sequencing. During the survey in the Niakhar region, only one household 1/255 (0.4%) in the village of Ngayokhem was found infested by bed bugs. In a monitoring survey of the surroundings of Dielmo and Ndiop area, high prevalence was found during the two rounds of surveys in 65/314 (21%) in 16/20 villages (January–March) and 93/351 (26%) in 19/20 villages (December). All bed bugs were morphologically identified as the species Cimex hemipterus, of which 285/1,637 (17%) were randomly selected for MALDI-TOF MS analysis and bacteria screening. Among the Bacteria tested only Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) DNA was found in 248/276 (90%) of the bedbugs. We briefly describe a high level of non-generalized bed bug infestation in rural Senegal and the diversity of Wolbachia strains carried by C. hemipterus. This study opens perspectives for raising household awareness of bed bug infestations and possibilities for appropriate control.
Not Too Much, Not Too Little: Centralization, Decentralization, and Organizational Change
Authors: Altamimi Hala , Liu Qiaozhen , Jimenez Benedict 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe outcomes of centralized or decentralized decision making in public organizations have been a subject of intense debate in the literature for more than a century now. This study revisits this debate by examining whether the degree of centralization influences the implementation of four types of organizational changes: reorganization, service contracting, technology adoption, and performance information use. We conceive of organizational decision making as a ladder—at one end is a very centralized approach where the chief executive primarily makes all major decisions, and at the opposite end is a highly decentralized approach where lower-level employees participate in shaping strategic decisions. Using the results from a national survey of midsized and large city governments, the ordered probit regressions, and additional robustness tests, show that moderation matters more than the polar ends. Moreover, moderate centralization and decentralization have distinct influences on the implementation of different types of organizational change. The findings challenge the conventional thinking that the choice between centralization or decentralization is binary, where one structure is always better than the other. Consistent with contingency theory, public organizations demonstrate strategic behavior in the choice of decision-making structure to adapt to environmental and organizational contingencies.