bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disclosing Child Sexual Abuse to a Health Professional: A Metasynthesis
Authors: Manolios Emilie , Braoudé Ilan , Jean Elise , Huppert Thomas , Verneuil Laurence , Revah-Levy Anne , Sibeoni Jordan 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveSexual abuse is a major public health problem. Its disclosure to a health professional could help to reduce its impact on survivors’ lives. The objective of this metasynthesis, combining a systematic review and an analysis of the qualitative studies, was to explore the qualitative literature concerning the experience of a survivor disclosing sexual violence experienced in childhood to a health professional, from the perspective of both.Methods and Data SourcesWe used four databases and two journals (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and SSCI, and the Journal of Sexual Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect) to identify studies concerning this disclosure of sexual abuse to healthcare professionals from the point of view of the survivors and the health professionals. After assessing the methodological quality of the articles with the “Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP),” we conducted a thematic analysis of the data extracted during the review.ResultsThis review includes 20 articles, covering the data of 612 participants: 291 who were adults at the time of the study but abused in childhood, 152 minors, 14 parents of adolescents, and 155 healthcare professionals. Two themes emerged from the analysis: (1) the disclosure as experienced by the professionals, and (2) the disclosure as experienced by the survivors.ConclusionOur results show that survivors had a diachronic approach to the experience of disclosure. They suggest a change over time in how survivors experience disclosure: relief and release were seen only among the adult participants, at a distance from — long after — the disclosure. This study made it possible to identify new perspectives for research in the field of child psychiatry and to formulate concrete clinical proposals, in particular, by applying the principle of patient experts to involve now-adult survivors in training and increase the awareness of the healthcare professionals concerned.
Behavioral Inhibition in the Second Year of Life Is Predicted by Prenatal Maternal Anxiety, Overprotective Parenting and Infant Temperament in Early Infancy
Authors: Mudra Susanne , Göbel Ariane , Möhler Eva , Stuhrmann Lydia Yao , Schulte-Markwort Michael , Arck Petra , Hecher Kurt , Diemert Anke 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundBehavioral inhibition, characterized by shyness, fear and avoidance of novel stimuli, has been linked with internalizing personality traits in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, and particularly later social anxiety disorder. Little is known about the relevance of potential prenatal precursors and early predictors for the development of inhibited behavior, such as infant vulnerability and family risk factors like parental anxiety and overprotection. Pregnancy-related anxiety has been associated with both infant temperament and maternal overprotective parenting. Thus, the aim of this study was investigating the predictive relevance of prenatal pregnancy-related anxiety for behavioral inhibition in toddlerhood, by considering the mediating role of maternal overprotection and infant distress to novelty.Materials and MethodsAs part of a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, behavioral inhibition at 24 months postpartum was assessed in N = 170 mother-child pairs. Maternal pregnancy-related anxiety was examined in the third trimester of pregnancy, and maternal overprotection and infant distress to novelty at 12 months postpartum.ResultsMediation analysis with two parallel mediators showed that the significant direct effect of pregnancy-related anxiety on child behavioral inhibition was fully mediated by infant distress to novelty p &lt; 0.001 and maternal overprotection (p &lt; 0.05). The included variables explained 26% of variance in behavioral inhibition. A subsequent explorative mediation analysis with serial mediators further showed a significant positive association between distress to novelty and maternal overprotective parenting (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionResults indicate a predictive relevance of both infant and maternal factors for the development of behavioral inhibition in toddlerhood. Mothers who perceived more pregnancy-related anxiety showed more overprotective parenting and had infants with more distress to novelty. Further, mothers being more overprotective reported their child to be more inhibited in toddlerhood. Our findings also indicate the stability of reported infant distress to novelty as one aspect of later behavioral inhibition. Addressing specific forms of parental anxiety from pregnancy on and in interaction with child-related variables seems to be a promising approach for future studies and clinical interventions.
Australian State and Territory Eclectic Approaches to Obesity Prevention in the Early Years: Policy Mapping and Perspectives of Senior Health Officials
Authors: Esdaile Emma K. , Gillespie James , Baur Louise A. , Wen Li Ming , Rissel Chris 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe international increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity has hastened in recent decades. This rise has coincided with the emergence of comorbidities in childhood—such as type II diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, sleep apnoea and hypertension—formerly only described in adulthood. This phenomenon suggests global social and economic trends are impacting on health supportive environments. Obesity prevention is complex and necessitates both long-term and systems approaches. Such an approach considers the determinants of health and how they interrelate to one another. Investment in the early years (from conception to about 5 years of age) is a key life stage to prevent obesity and establish lifelong healthy habits relating to nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep. In Australia, obesity prevention efforts are spread across national and state/territory health departments. It is not known from the literature how, with limited national oversight, state and territory health departments approach obesity prevention in the early years.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study including policy mapping and interviews with senior officials from each Australian state/territory health department. A series of questions were developed from the literature to guide the policy mapping, drawing on the World Health Organisation Ending Childhood Obesity Report, and adapted to the state/territory context. The policy mapping was iterative. Prior to the interviews initial policy mapping was undertaken. During the interviews, these policies were discussed, and participants were asked to supply any additional policies of relevance to obesity prevention. The semi-structured interviews explored the approaches to obesity prevention taken in each jurisdiction and the barriers and enablers faced for policy implementation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, using NVivo software.ResultsState and territory approaches to obesity prevention are eclectic and while there are numerous similarities between jurisdictions, no two states are the same. The diversity of approaches between jurisdictions is influenced by the policy culture and unique social, geographic, and funding contexts in each jurisdiction. No Australian state/territory had policies against all the guiding questions. However, there are opportunities for sharing and collaborating within and between Australian jurisdictions to establish what works, where, and for whom, across Australia's complex policy landscape.ConclusionsEven within a single country, obesity prevention policy needs to be adaptable to local contexts. Opportunities for jurisdictions within and between countries to share, learn, and adapt their experiences should be supported and sustained funding provided.
Are Malaysians Ready to Resume the New Norm? Findings From a Nationwide Study
Authors: Suet Sherilyn Pak Cheng , Farrukh Muhammad Junaid , Qi Hee Mei , Saleem Zikria , Salman Muhammad , ur Rahman Aziz , Goh Khang Wen , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the public in Malaysia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted online among the general public in Malaysia from June 2020 to August 2020 between the second and third wave (Phase 3 of the Recovery Movement Control Order). Participants were conveniently recruited through multiple social media platforms to encourage nationwide participation. A patient-administered questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the prevention of COVID-19. For descriptive analysis, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were used to report demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. For inferential analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation, Chi-square test, and Binary Logistic Regression was used to analyze the study variables' differentiation, association, and correlations. The confidence interval selected for this study was 95%.ResultsA total of 420 respondents participated in this survey. The majority of the participants (n = 412, 98%) were aware of COVID-19. Most participants (60%) learned about the pandemic through social media. About half of the participants had poor knowledge (45.5%) and a negative attitude (43.3%). Participants residing in urban areas showed good preventive practices as compared to those residing in rural areas (P &lt; 0.05). There was a significant association between participants' attitudes and preventive practices toward COVID-19, where the majority of the participants (57.4%) who showed negative attitudes were more likely to follow poor preventive practices.ConclusionDespite having good knowledge, participants with a negative attitude toward COVID-19 were less likely to follow the preventive practices of COVID-19. People's mindset and willingness may play an important role to influence their practices. Thus, these are the vulnerable groups, and strategies should be made to change their mindset through proper counseling and education.
Investigating Frontline Nurse Stress: Perceptions of Job Demands, Organizational Support, and Social Support During the Current COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ali Haneen , Fatemi Yasin , Ali Duha , Hamasha Mohammad , Hamasha Sa'd 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWhile frontline nurses employ coping alternatives to help deal with occupational stress resulting from unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, their access to necessary resources is unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore nurses' mental health in Alabama hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak and investigate the impact of organizational and community support on nurse stressor levels, physio-psychosocial responses, and coping strategies employed.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was developed to bridge our understanding of stress, support, and coping mechanisms and distributed to nurses working with COVID-19-infected patients in hospital settings in Alabama. A total of 232 frontline nurses responded to 79 items in four domains (stressors, physio-psychosocial symptoms, coping, and support) between May 6, 2020, and June 30, 2020. A two-way ANOVA, regression analysis, and mediation of effects were used to analyze the data.ResultsThis study found that both social support and use of coping strategies contributed to the reduction of physio-psychosocial symptoms. Differences were found in how older frontline nurses perceived the efficacy of social support and certain coping strategies. This study provides further evidence of the importance of organizational support in addressing the harmful physio-psychosocial symptoms experienced by nurses.
The Association of Sports Participation With Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents
Authors: Chi Guijun , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2022

AimAn increasing body of evidence has evidenced that physical activity is negatively associated with depression and anxiety in adolescents, although the associations between various modalities of PA with depression and anxiety have yet to be effectively explored. This study aimed to investigate the associations between sports participation and depression and anxiety among a sample of Chinese adolescents.Methods2,374 adolescents from eight schools were invited to participate in this survey, of whom 1,714 adolescents from grades 7, 8, 10 and 11 were included for final analysis. Depressive symptoms and anxiety disorder were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire−9 (PHQ-9), as well as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder−7 (GAD-7), respectively. Sport participation was assessed using a single question. Additionally, sociodemographic factors were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate sport participation's associations with depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders separately, having controlled for all sociodemographic covariates.ResultsAmong all study participants, those with less participation in sport-related activities had a greater likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms (Odd ratio [OR] for never = 2.07; OR for 1–3 times per month = 1.77; OR for 1–2 times per week = 1.77), as well as anxiety disorders (OR for never = 1.61; OR for 1–3 times per month = 1.69; OR for 1–2 times per week = 1.38).ConclusionEncouraging adolescents to engage in more sports participation would provide an effective and feasible approach for mental health promotion. Despite this study having found promising evidence, the research findings should be replicated using more improved research with an enhanced study design. Future researchers are encouraged to design and implement sports participation interventions aimed at promoting mental health among adolescents, while future China-based studies are encouraged to replicate or negate our study findings.
The Extent of Alcohol-Related Problems Among College and University Students in Norway Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Heradstveit Ove , Sivertsen Børge , Lønning Kari-Jussie , Skogen Jens Christoffer 
Published: June 2022

AimTo provide estimates of the distribution of alcohol-related problems in a national sample of college and university students in 2021, i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison with pre-pandemic data from 2018.DesignLongitudinal data from linkage of two recent national health surveys from 2018 to 2021.SettingStudents in higher education in Norway (the SHoT-study).Participants8,287 fulltime students (72.5% women, 27.6% men) that were 18 years or more at the time of the first survey in 2018, and 21 years or more at the time of the second survey in 2021.MeasurementsThe Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess potential alcohol-related problems.Findings37.0% of male students and 24.1% of female students reported either risky, harmful, or dependent alcohol use in 2021, compared with 55.0% of male students and 43.6% of female students in 2018. This decrease in alcohol-related problems was most pronounced for dependent alcohol use, where we observed a 57% relative reduction among male students (from 3.5% in 2018 to 1.5% in 2021) and a 64% relative reduction among female students (from 1.4% in 2018 to 0.5% in 2021).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated a sharp decline in alcohol-related problems among students during the COVID-19 pandemic, that were present across gender, age groups, and geographical study locations. Universal preventive measures to limit students' alcohol use should be considered when restrictions related to the pandemic is lifted.
Characteristics of Body Composition Estimated by Air-Displacement Plethysmography in Chinese Preschool Children
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Wang Jing , Liu Junting , Huang Guimin , Hou Dongqing , Liao Zijun , Zhang Ting , Liu Gongshu , Xie Xianghui , Tai Jun 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of body composition by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) among Chinese preschool children.MethodsPreschool children were recruited from three kindergartens. Adiposity indices were evaluated using the ADP method. BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed using the WHO reference. Analyses were executed by SPSS and MedCalc software. Smoothed curves were constructed using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method.ResultsThis study evaluated the growth trend for body composition of ADP-based body fat indices based on a relatively large sample of preschool children, the first ever reported in China. A total of 1,011 children aged 3–5 years comprised our study population. BMI and FFMI increased with age, but the slope (P= 0.710) and y intercept (P= 0.132) in the BMI trend analysis demonstrated no differences between boys and girls. For the FFMI trend lines, the slope was significantly higher for boys than for girls (P= 0.013). The percentage of fat mass (FM%), FMI, and WHtR were negatively correlated with age for both sexes, except for FMI in girls (P= 0.094). The 95% CI regression lines for FM% according to different weight statuses intersected.ConclusionsADP is applicable to estimating body composition among Chinese preschool children. Misclassifications might occur when overweight/obese status is defined based on surrogate indices.
Public and Patient Involvement in Doctoral Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reflections on the Process, Challenges, Impact and Experiences From the Perspectives of Adults With Cerebral Palsy and the Doctoral Researcher
Authors: Manikandan Manjula , Foley Kevin , Gough Jessica , Harrington Sarah , Wall Éabha , Weldon Fiona , Ryan Jennifer M. , Kerr Claire , Walsh Aisling , Fortune Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong condition, where people may experience complications as they age. Including the views of people with CP through Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) ensures that research into the condition is relevant and meaningful in addressing their concerns. However, there is a lack of evidence on incorporating the voices of adults with CP in the doctoral research process. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of how adults with CP were involved in a doctoral research process during the pandemic.MethodsThis paper describes the PPI process and its impact at various stages of the doctoral research process and reflects on the experiences from the perspective of the doctoral researcher and adults with CP using the INVOLVE Values and Principles framework. Five adults with CP were consulted throughout the doctoral research programme. The data for this paper is a combination of reflection notes, email exchanges, meeting minutes and informal discussions with the PPI team on their experiences of being involved in the PPI process. The content of this paper is informed by GRIPP 2 checklist.ResultsThe doctoral researcher and adult reflections highlighted the value of collaboration and the positive impact on research at each stage of the doctoral research process. Although meetings were adapted due to the pandemic, the values of PPI were adhered to throughout the doctoral research.ConclusionInvolving adults with CP positively impacted the doctoral research process. It is recommended to consider individual access needs to ensure meetings and information are accessible for disabled adults. Our reflective findings and recommendations may help other researchers who plan to involve adults with CP in doctoral research.
Lockdown due to COVID-19 in Spanish Children Up to 6 Years: Consequences on Diet, Lifestyle, Screen Viewing, and Sleep
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Mercedes , Carretero-Bravo Jesús , Pérez-Muñoz Celia , Deudero-Sánchez Mercedes 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To record how the habits of children under 6 years of age in Cadiz have changed during lockdown, in order to identify those that could be a handicap for the problem of overweight and obesity.Methods: We developed a new questionnaire to analyse family living habits. The questionnaire was administered online to parents of children aged zero-six years. Eating habits, sedentary lifestyles, screen viewing, and sleep changes were evaluated.Results: Changes were found in family living habits, as shown by the results of McNemar’s tests (p-value &lt; 0.01 in all pairs except one, p-value = 0.097). A worsening of habits was also found to be more accentuated in families with low income, low educational level or small size of home. Some positive aspects associated with family meals and parental involvement were found.Conclusions: The lockdown has showed a significant break in the main routines of the children that could affect their health and may add to the worsening of the already poor childhood obesity situation. The positive aspects found can be instrumental in improving the situation in future similar situations.
From Haphazard to a Sustainable Normothermic Regional Perfusion Service: A Blueprint for the Introduction of Novel Perfusion Technologies
Authors: Hunt Fiona , Johnston Chris J. C. , Coutts Lesley , Sherif Ahmed E. , Farwell Lynsey , Stutchfield Ben M. , Sewpaul Avi , Sutherland Andrew , Babu Benoy I. , Currie Ian S. , Oniscu Gabriel C. 
Published: June 2022

Normothermic Regional Perfusion (NRP) has shown encouraging clinical results. However, translation from an experimental to routine procedure poses several challenges. Herein we describe a model that led to the implementation of NRP into standard clinical practice in our centre following an iterative process of refinement incorporating training, staffing and operative techniques. Using this approach we achieved a four-fold increase in trained surgical staff and a 6-fold increase in competent senior organ preservation practitioners in 12 months, covering 93% of the retrieval calls. We now routinely provide NRP throughout the UK and attended 186 NRP retrievals from which 225 kidneys, 26 pancreases and 61 livers have been transplanted, including 5 that were initially declined by all UK transplant centres. The 61 DCD(NRP) liver transplants undertaken exhibited no primary non-function or ischaemic cholangiopathy with up to 8 years of follow-up. This approach also enabled successful implementation of ex situ normothermic liver perfusion which together with NRP contributed 37.5% of liver transplant activity in 2021. Perfusion technologies (in situ and ex situ) are now supported by a team of Advanced Perfusion and Organ Preservation Specialists. The introduction of novel perfusion technologies into routine clinical practice presents significant challenges but can be greatly facilitated by developing a specific role of Advanced Perfusion and Organ Preservation Specialist supported by a robust education, training and recruitment programme.