bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Nlr(Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio) and Plr(Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio) in Predicting Post Operative Complication in Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Shah Shyamal , Lamture Yashwant , Gharde Pankaj , Tote Darshana , Yeola Meenakshi 
Published: January 2022

Background: The Expression Major abdominal surgery is defined as a lengthy surgical procedure that lasts more than 30 minutes. Gastrectomy, Pancreatectomy, Hepatectomy, Colectomy, Small Bowel Resection, Tumor Resection, And Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Operations are among the procedures covered. The term "abdominal tumour resection" refers to a wide range of procedures used to remove benign and malignant intraabdominaltumours. There Is A Greater Tendency Of Systemic Inflammatory Reaction When The Abdomen Organs Are Exposed To The External Environment For A Long Period Of Time. As a result, the goal of this research was to concentrate on the clinical significance of the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
This review included a total of 15 studies conducted between 2000 and 2021. The influence of Clinical Importance Of The Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio In Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery has been reviewed collectively.
Results: 15 studies were included in this review were Iincluded. The present study evaluated the value of nlr and PLR as predictive markers of post operative complications in major abdominal surgeries. In the current study, we investigated the value of nlr and PLR for predicting post operative complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries.
Conclusions: In Cases of Major Abdominal Surgeries, The nlr and PLR Ratio Is An Important Inflammatory Predictive Value In Assessing Post-Operative Morbidity. The platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are two affordable, reproducible, and quantitative measures of systemic inflammation.
A Study Protocol on Evidence Generation of Standard Nursing Protocol on Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia among Staff Nurses
Authors: Bawankar Payal , Ankar Ruchira 
Published: January 2022

Background: Neutropenia is a condition that can occur in chemotherapy patients. Neutropenia affects roughly one out of every three chemotherapy patients. If neutropenia develops, the patient's health is affected, and the chemotherapy regimen or dose must be extended to allow the body creates new neutrophils. Even though neutropenia is common during chemotherapy, severe neutropenia is uncommon, and infections caused by it can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The protocol can help nurses make decisions about what type of care is best for their patients.
Objectives:

To report practices at baseline and post-intervention of staff nurses regarding chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
To develop and implement the evidence-based standard nursing protocol on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia among staff nurses.
To associate the knowledge and practice score with selected demographic variables.

Materials and Methods: A Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. Pre/post-test design was utilized so the participants’ pre-test results were considered as the control for comparing their post-test results. A non-probability purposive sampling technique will be used to collect the data. The study included 100 oncology nurses’ knowledge and practice assessed by using a structured questionnaire and checklist. The study will be conducted in a selected hospital in the Wardha district.
Expected Result: This study is on evidence generation of standard nursing protocol on chemotherapy Induced neutropenia among staff nurses hence it will be assessed by evidence generation of the standard nursing protocol. Will be accepted as the results of intervention that leads to improved Knowledge regarding chemotherapy Induced neutropenia among staff nurses.
Case Report on Cervical Dysplasias
Authors: Dhawale Pragati , Takshande Vaishali , Gomase Kavita J. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous disorder in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the cervix's surface lining or endocervical canal, which connects the uterus and the vaginal canal. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is another name for it (CIN). Clinical finding:-Abdominal pain, weight loss, fever (Temperature – 101oF).
Diagnostic Evaluation: Blood test: HB- 10.8 gm%, Total RBC count- 4.15 millions/cu mm, RDW –13.1%, Total WBC count-6100 /cu mm, Total platelets- 2.381ACS/MM3.
Cytopathology Examination: Cervical cytology Smear shows only scattered superficial and intermediated squamous cell with few neutrophils. Colposcopy Examination: Moderated dysplasia, chronic cervicitis. Colposcopy finings- cervical erosion seen on post lip,-Mosaic pattern of blood vessels seen on green filter, Aceto white areas seen at 7o’clock position, Less iodine uptake at 7o’ clock and 12o’clock positions, aceto white areas reduced as compared to previous colposcopy.
Therapeutic Intervention: Vaginal hysterectomy lateral Sphincterotomy I/V/O Cervical Dysplasia Inj. Gentamacine 80 mg iv 12 hrly, Inj. Ctax 1 gm IV 12hrly, Inj. Pan 40 mg iv 12 hrly, Inj Metro 100 ml /8 hrs, Inj. Neomal 100 ml Iv 12 hrly, Inj Pause 8 hrly, zonac suppository TDS, Tab-Gabapentin 300 mg HS, Glucose powder, protein powder 2tbsp BD with milk.
Outcomes: After treatment the patient shows improvement. Her abdominal pain and fever were relived and the surgery precancerous cells are removed, Patient condition was improved.
Conclusion: My patient was hospitalized to AVBRH gynecology unit with abdominal pain, fever, weight loss. After receivingproper therapy, her condition has improved.
Modification of Lifestyle and Weight Loss in Curing PCOS
Authors: Kumari Shambhavi , Quazi Nazli 
Published: January 2022

(PCOS) is hormonal imbalance endocrine condition which harms females aged 17-40 years of age. Women suffering from PCOS are related to obesity in the abdomen and insulin resistance. Patients do does not have to be obese all the time. Women with PCOS suffer from fertility issues, hyperandrogenaemia, heavy menstrual flow, and anovulation, which is a sign of PCOS. It leads to insulin dysfunction, low metabolism, and chronic low-grade swelling. As per the Indian Council Of medical research (ICMR) data, 12.2% of adolescents in India are suffering from PCOS. Women with PCOS also suffer from anxiety, depression, lower self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction, leading to poor lifestyles. A systemic approach to a balanced diet with exercise helps in improving endocrine disorder, reproductive problems, and cardiovascular disease even without shedding much weight. Fat intake should be limited to < or approximately 30% of total calorie intake with less hydrogenated fat. Excessive carbohydrate intake having a low glycaemic index gives rise to dyslipidemia and hence leads to an increase in overall body weight with an increase in appetite, which provokes hunger and desire for carbohydrates. Energy consumption should be spread out among numerous meals each day, reducing mid-day beverages and snacks. It is advised to use drugs to regulate insulin sensitivity and elevate loss in body weight which can benefit only when used early with combined exercise and diet.
Sequences of S-surface of Human COVID-19
Authors: Alameedy Fadyia Mahdi Muslim 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Diagnosing the Coronavirus and viruses that share infection for different age groups through real time PCR, as well as using the Sanger sequencing method to homology sequence identity between local human Coronavirus isolate and NCBI-BLAST submitted Coronavirus isolate.
Study Design: Cross section.
Place and Duration of Study: From the central health laboratory and quarantine centers, work was carried out in different places for the purpose of diagnosis in Al-Hakim and Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital and the Central Health Center in addition to the private laboratories, between April 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: Diagnosing the virus through qRT- PCR, PCR and sanger sequencing. Sample: We included 300 patients (174 men, 128 women; age range 18- 83years) with from people who were infected for the first time with the Coronavirus and repeated infections with the virus with other viruses that affect the respiratory system.
Results: The current study showed that the number of cases of Coronavirus infection (110) case, Influenza virus (90) case, Parainfluenzavirus (65) case, Metapneumovirus (108)case and Rhinovirus (95)case for the period from 4-4-2020 up to 26-26 7-2021 all viruses were diagnosed through qReal time PCR technique by designing primers according to the location NCBI Regarding the sequences test, the results showed the percentage of similarity with the studied strains at a rate ranging between (99.92 - 78 %).
Conclusion: Most of the infections with the Coronavirus are common with respiratory viruses in different proportions, in addition to the fact that the age group (51-61) year is more infected, and (110) case of Influenza shares with the Coronavirus more infection and the results of Sanger sequences between(99.92 - 78 %).
Cloning and Expression of Trichoderma reesei Cellobiohydrolase I in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Godbole Shubhada , Decker Stephen R. , Nieves Rafael A. , Adney William S. , Vinzant Todd B. , Baker John O. , Thomas Steven R. , Himmel Michael E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPichia pastoris was transformed with the Trichoderma reesei cbh1 gene, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and analyzed kinetically and by circular dichroism. The P. pastoris rCBH I was recognized by MoAb raised to T. reesei CBH I but was found in multiple molecular weight species on SDS−PAGE gels. Carbohydrate content determination and SDS−PAGE western analysis indicated that the recombinant protein was hyperglycosylated, although a species very similar in molecular weight to the T. reesei enzyme could be isolated chromatographically. The P. pastoris rCBH I also demonstrated activity toward soluble and insoluble substrates (i.e., pNPL and Sigmacell), although at a level significantly lower than the wild‐type enzyme. More seriously, the yeast‐expressed enzyme showed non‐wild‐type secondary structure by circular dichroism. We conclude that P. pastoris may not serve as an adequate host for the site‐directed mutagenesis of T. reesei CBH I.
Anatomy of Denonvilliers' fascia and pelvic nerves, impotence, and implications for the colorectal surgeon
Authors: Lindsey I , Guy R J , Warren B F , Mortensen N J McC 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
The development and anatomy of Denonvilliers' fascia have been controversial for many years and confusion exists about its operative appearance. Better appreciation of this poorly understood anatomy, and its significance for impotence after rectal dissection, may lead to further functional improvements in pelvic surgery.

Method
A literature review of the embryology and anatomy of Denonvilliers' fascia and impotence after pelvic rectal surgery was undertaken.

Results
Denonvilliers' fascia has no macroscopically discernible layers. The so-called posterior layer refers to the fascia propria of the rectum. The incidence of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction after rectal excision is high in older patients, and when performed for rectal cancer. There is no consensus about the relationship of Denonvilliers' fascia to the plane of anterior dissection for rectal cancer.

Conclusion
Colorectal surgeons should focus on the important anatomy between the rectum and the prostate to improve functional outcomes after rectal excision. A classification of the available anterior dissection planes is proposed. Surgeons should be encouraged to document the plane used as well as outcome in terms of sexual function.
Endothelial dysfunction in Type 1 diabetic subjects with and without microalbuminuria
Authors: Meeking D. R. , Cummings M. H. , Thorne S. , Donald A. , Clarkson P. , Crook J. R. , Watts G. F. , Shaw K. M. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAims The primary aim of this study was to determine whether micro‐ albuminuria is associated with endothelial dysfunction in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The secondary aim was to determine whether any reported bio‐ chemical markers of cardiovascular risk are associated with endothelial dysfunction in this group. Methods Measurements were made of the vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery to post‐ischaemic hyperaemia and to sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) (causing endothelium‐dependent and endothelium‐independent dilation, respectively) using a high‐resolution ultrasound technique in 18 Type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, 18 age and sex‐matched normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients and 18 non‐diabetic control subjects. Results There was a significant reduction in flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) in microalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric diabetic patients compared with control subjects (2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–3.8%) and 2.3% (95% CI 0.7–3.9%) respectively vs. 6.3% (95% CI 5.1–7.5%), P < 0.0001) but no difference in GTN‐mediated dilation (14.7% (95% CI 10.7–18.7%) and 15.2% (95% CI 11.2–19.2%) vs. 18.7% (95% CI 16.1–21.3%), P = 0.09). There was no significant difference in FMD, however, between the microalbuminuric group and normoalbuminuric group (P = 0.45). FMD was not significantly associated with urinary albumin–creatinine ratio, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma glucose, lipid or lipoprotein concentrations in diabetic patients. There was a positive correlation between active transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β concentration, a novel biochemical marker of macrovascular disease, and FMD in diabetic patients (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). GTN‐mediated dilation was positively associated with HDL‐cholesterol concentration (r = 0.49, P = 0.002) but not with other biochemical variables (including active TGF‐β concentration). Active TGF‐β concentration was not associated with degree of microalbuminuria or other biochemical parameters. Conclusions These data suggest that endothelial dysfunction occurs in Type 1 diabetic patients regardless of urine albumin status. Endothelial dysfunction appears therefore to predate the development of microalbuminuria as a marker for the development of coronary artery disease. It is also concluded that low plasma levels of active TGF‐β are associated with an impaired endothelial response and this may provide a useful tool for identifying Type 1 diabetic patients at a greater risk of coronary artery disease.
The presbyopic add. I. Magnitude and distribution in a historical context
Authors: Pointer Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe presbyopic addition or ‘add’ is the (binocular) spherical positive power supplement super‐imposed on any distance refractive correction to counter near vision difficulties associated with the physiological age‐related loss of accommodation and consequent recession of the near point: its necessity is first encountered in middle age. The continuous (linear) ascending trend in near lens power versus increasing age advocated since the seventeenth century is at odds with the twentieth‐century clinical observation that there is a deceleration in add requirement beyond an individual's mid‐fifties. It is shown here that this difference is reconciled – in broadly qualitative terms if not in magnitude – when typical clinical near addition data are superimposed on the accepted distance hypermetropic refractive base recorded from early middle age onwards: a continuous rising function is produced spanning most of the three decades beyond 40 years of age. This result is considered in the context of the age markings found on certain eighteenth‐century antique near vision glasses and the recommendations attached to the self‐selection of ready‐made reading glasses in the late twentieth century.
The presbyopic add. III. Influence of the distance refractive type
Authors: Pointer Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe possibility of the distance refractive type–emmetropia, hypermetropia or myopia–influencing the magnitude and rate of change of the presbyopic add does not seem to have received systematic consideration. To address this possibility a further series of transverse clinical data on the progression of the presbyopic add is presented. Analysis of these data reveals the influence of the distance refractive type on the presbyopic progression. Hypermetropes appear to show a two‐phase rise in add requirement whereas emmetropes follow a linear and myopes a curvilinear path over the four decades between 41 and 80 years of age. Nevertheless the magnitude of the binocular add requirement at a given age for each of the three refractive types is very similar and all three classes maintain an increasing requirement with advancing age.
Accommodation and presbyopia
Authors: Atchison David A. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe mechanism of accommodation has been studied for at least four hundred years. The most interesting aspect of accommodation is that its time course is well in advance of other physiological functions – it begins to decline by adolescence and is lost about two‐thirds of the way through the normal line span. The state of presbyopia is reached when accommodation has declined sufficiently to interfere with close tasks requiring acute vision. Presbyopia is generally considered to originate with the ‘plant’ of the accommodative system, either within the lens and its capsule or within their support structures. One of the lenticular theories, the Hess–Gullstrand theory, is distinguished from other theories by its claim that as age increases there is an increasing excess amount of ciliary muscle contraction beyond the ability of the lens and capsule to respond to it. For all other theories, the maximum possible amount of ciliary muscle contraction is always necessary to produce maximum accommodation, at least beyond the age at which it reaches its peak. From my review of the present understanding of the mechanisms of accommodation and the theories of the development of presbyopia, I conclude that there is overwhelming evidence against the Hess–Gullstrand theory and that it is unlikely that changes in the ciliary muscle contractility contribute significantly to the development of presbyopia.
Morphometric analysis of corneal endothelial giant cells in normal and traumatized corneas
Authors: Jackson A. J. , Gardiner T. , Archer D. B. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryCorneal endothelial cells from normal and traumatized human, primate, cat and rabbit eyes were studied by specular microscopy. Morphometric analysis was performed on micrographs of corneal endothelium using a semi‐automated image analysis system. The results showed that under normal conditions the corneal endothelium of all four species exhibit major morphological similarities (mean cell areas: human 317 ± 32 μm2, primate 246 ± 22 μm2, cat 357 ± 25 μm2, rabbit 308 ± 35 μm2). The normal corneal endothelium in man was found to be more polymegethous than that of the other species. Trauma to cat, primate and human corneas resulted in a long‐term reduction in endothelial cell density and enhanced polymegethism. In contrast, the reparative response of the rabbit ensured the reformation of an essentially normal monolayer following injury. Endothelial giant cells were a normal inclusion in the rabbit corneal endothelium but were only significant in cat, primate and man following trauma. The presence of corneal endothelial giant cells in amitotic corneas may therefore represent a compensatory response in the absence of mitotic potential.
Contact lens fitting after photorefractive keratectomy: a comparison of two groups of patients
Authors: Astin Christine L. K. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryFrom a research programme comparing two photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) methods, Group S using Summit ExciMed UV 200, and Group V using the VisX 20:20 excimer laser system, 10 patients from each group were recruited. They were referred 6–12 months post‐PRK for lens fitting to correct resultant ametropia or irregular astigmatism. Ablation zone diameters were: Group S, 4.5 mm; Group V, 4–6 mm. For Group S, best fit rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses generally had a back optic zone radius (BOZR) 0.10 mm steeper than the mean keratometry reading (K) and overall diameter of 9.20–10.0 mm. For Group V best fit RGP lenses generally had a BOZR of 0.20 mm steeper than the mean K. The lenses often required large diameters to improve lens centration and extra negative power to compensate for the positive power of the central tear pool. Several patients required soft lens fitting to improve comfort and some finally opted for repeat PRK.
Research support by the British College of Optometrists
Authors: Woodward E. Geoffrey 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe British College of Optometrists has now been in existence for 15 years. One of its first actions was to establish a formal system of research support. The initiation of the scheme and its subsequent expansion is described. In the first year £5,000 was allocated but current expenditure for 1994/1995 is £78,671. Research topics funded are described as are the award of higher degrees by universities and also the current occupation of former scholars. The thesis submission rate for College scholars compares well with those of the major established Research Councils.
Establishing the threshold prior to single and multiple stimulus supra‐threshold strategies
Authors: Henson David B. , Agnihotri Sarita 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to establish whether the routines used to establish the threshold at the beginning of single and multiple stimulus supra‐threshold strategies yield the same values and whether data from one strategy can, therefore, be compared with those from the other without having to compensate for a difference in test intensities. Single stimulus and multiple stimulus supra‐threshold strategies were conducted on 79 subjects using a Henson 4000 perimeter. On average the multiple stimulus strategy gave a value 0.095 dB higher than the single stimulus strategy. The differences between the two strategies was so small that results from the two strategies can be compared without having to compensate for any changes in the supra‐threshold test intensity.
Broken down by age and sex. The optical correction of presbyopia revisited
Authors: Pointer Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryNew transverse clinical data are presented which describe the time course of presbyopia, as indicated by the temporal change in magnitude of the binocular spectacle add, in normally sighted male and female Caucasian subjects. An initial steep increase in add requirement beginning in the early forties becomes relatively slower but still of significance beyond the mid‐fifties. This observation is correlated with the age‐related progressive decline in the amplitude of accommodation, itself a consequence of physiological changes in the crystalline lens and capsule. The continuing need for an increase, albeit at a reduced rate, in the positive near supplement beyond the mid‐to‐late fifties (by which time little or no useful accommodation is available), is now attributed to the visually disruptive effects within the high spatial frequency domain of progressive age‐related lenticular changes. The magnification afforded by the positive add increases spatial grain and thereby enhances visibility of detail in an ageing visual system free of any gross senile pathology. A small but consistent gender difference (≃0.1 D) is revealed in presbyopic corrections: physiological and (more probable) physical bases are suggested for the observation that females require an add of greater magnitude than their age‐matched male counterparts.