bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence and Genomic Characterization of Multidrug resistant Candida auris in West Africa
Authors: Oladele Rita , Uwanibe Jessica N. , Olawoye Idowu B. , Ettu Abdul-Wahab O. , Happi Christian T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCandida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that has become a worldwide public health threat due to limitations of treatment options, difficulty in diagnosis, and its potential for clonal transmission. Antifungal suceptibility tests and next generation sequencing were carried out on cultured isolates. Bioinformatics analysis was done using variant calling methods and genome-wide short nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny. Here, we report the first four cases of C. auris infection and colonization reported in West Africa. A total of four isolates from four reported cases of candidemia were analyzed. Three patients had fungaemia, which led to fatal invasive infection and the last patient was a likely case of colonization. Of the four patients, two had mutations which conferred resistance to the antifungal azole group and other non-synonymous mutations in hotspot genes such as ERG2, ERG11 and FKS1. Isolates from these patients clustered to clades I and IV, which indicates more than one introduction of C.auris into Nigeria. The first report of C. auris in Nigeria and West Africa is of public health importance as this report will aid identification, surveillance and intervention of resistant drug resistant candidiasis in the region.
Structural determinants of relaxation dynamics in chemical reaction networks
Authors: Himeoka Yusuke , Kirkegaard Julius B. , Mitarai Namiko , Krishna Sandeep 
Published: May 2022

abstractUnderstanding the relationship between the structure of chemical reaction networks and their reaction dynamics is essential for unveiling the design principles of living organisms. However, while some network-structural features are known to relate to the steady-state characteristics of chemical reaction networks, mathematical frameworks describing the links between out-of-steady-state dynamics and network structure are still underdeveloped. Here, we characterize the out-of-steady-state behavior of a class of artificial chemical reaction networks consisting of the ligation and splitting reactions of polymers. Within this class, we examine minimal networks that can convert a given set of inputs (e.g., nutrients) to a specified set of targets (e.g., biomass precursors). We find three distinct types of relaxation dynamics after perturbation from a steady-state: exponential-, power-law-, and plateau-dominated. We computationally show that we can predict this out-of-steady-state dynamical behavior from just three features computed from the network’s stoichiometric matrix, namely, (i) the rank gap, determining the existence of a steady-state; (ii) the left null-space, being related to conserved quantities in the dynamics; and (iii) the stoichiometric cone, dictating the range of achievable chemical concentrations. We further demonstrate that these three quantities also predict the type of relaxation dynamics of combinations of our minimal networks, larger networks with many redundant pathways, and a real example of a metabolic network. The unified method to predict the qualitative features of the relaxation dynamics presented here can provide a basis for understanding the design of metabolic reaction networks as well as industrially useful chemical production pathways.Author summaryThe relationship between network structure and chemical reaction dynamics is of central interest in chemical reaction network theory, as it underlies chemical manufacturing, cellular metabolism, and bioengineering. The links between structure and steady-state properties have been extensively investigated. However, how far the network structure determines the out-of-steady-state, transient dynamics of chemical reactions is unexplored. Here we construct a chemical reaction network model that is simple but generates a wide variety of network instances. By computationally exploring the networks’ structural- and dynamical features, we found that three network-structural features are sufficient to predict the qualitative characteristics of the relaxation dynamics after the chemical concentrations are perturbed from their steady-state. Depending on the values of those three features, the chemical reaction dynamics on the network exhibit exponential, plateau, and power-law relaxation. Also, we found that such features are determinants of the dynamics of biological metabolic reaction systems. Our findings provide a foundation for the structure-based prediction of chemical reaction dynamics.
Causes of workplace violence against medical staff as perceived by physicians and nurses in Jordanian public hospitals
Authors: Shiyab Ahmad , Ababneh Raed Ismail , Shyyab Yaser 
Published: May 2022

PurposeWorkplace violence against medical staff has become an endemic problem in the healthcare sector in Jordan. This study investigates the perceived main causes of workplace violence (medical staff, administrative, patients, patient's escorts and legislative) against physicians and nurses in public hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a convenient random sample of 334 physicians and nurses employed in Jordanian public hospitals. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to answer questions and test hypotheses.FindingsFindings indicated that the practice of the causes of workplace violence behaviors assessed by the participants is at a moderate level in Jordanian public hospitals with a mean value of 3.26. The causes of violence were reported as most causative to least causative: patient escort (M = 3.60), legislative (M = 3.56), patients (M = 3.40), administrative (M = 3.16) and medical staff related (M = 2.74), respectively. Analysis showed statistical differences in the participants' attitudes toward the causes of workplace violence behaviors due to their gender, job title, education level, experience and income.Practical implicationsThis study has a significant practical contribution in providing information about the causes of workplace violence that will help health policymakers and hospital administrators to deter violence against medical staff. To reduce or eliminate the potential causes of violence, several actions can be taken, such as criminalizing violent behaviors, managing work pressure, staff shortages, developing comfortable and secure medical treatment settings, training the medical staff on aggression and stress management, and enhancing their communication skills with patients and their escorts. Findings also highlight the need for hospital management to develop protocols for reporting and dealing with workplace violence.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies in the Arab context that examines the causes of workplace violence against medical staff.
The role of environmental management accounting and environmental knowledge management practices influence on environmental performance: mediated-moderated model
Authors: Bresciani Stefano , Rehman Shafique Ur , Giovando Guido , Alam Gazi Mahabubul 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to observe the influence of environmental management accounting (EMA) and environmental knowledge management (KM) practices on environmental performance with mediating role of top management support (TMS). Moreover, green work climate perception (GWCP) is used as a moderator between TMS and environmental performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Partial least square-structural equation modeling is used to test research hypotheses. Data was collected to distribute questionnaires in light of the purposive sampling technique; a total of 329 questionnaires were used for final analysis. This study is correlational and cross-sectional. Multiple regression analysis was used to see the influence of EMA, environmental KM practices, TMS and GWCP on environmental performance.

Findings
The results reveal that EMA, environmental KM practices and TMS are positively related to environmental performance. Moreover, TMS significantly mediates between EMA, environmental KM practices and environmental performance. GWCP is positively associated with environmental performance. Finally, GWCP significantly strengthens the positive relationship between TMS and environmental performance.

Practical implications
This study highlighted a significant issue that of how top management uses EMA, environmental KM practices, TMS and GWCP in examining environmental performance. Moreover, this study covers the gap and supports top management to concentrate on exogenous variables to examine environmental performance.

Originality/value
This study adds value to literature to focus on factors that influence environmental performance. This initial research observes the influence of EMA and environmental KM practices on environmental performance with TMS as a mediator in light of the knowledge-based view. Besides, GWCP is used as a moderator between TMS and environmental performance. Finally, our research can provide benefits to researchers, students and managers.
Preparing educators who save lives: what can US schools of education do?
Authors: Harushimana Immaculee 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Aided with critical-race theory (Ladson-Billings, 1998), culturally responsive pedagogy tenets (Gay, 2002), and culturally sustaining pedagogy philosophy (Paris, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to make a two-pronged argument that: the killing of blacks has taken many forms, physical, moral, intellectual, cultural, and financial; and through its endorsement of racist policies, the education domain is a covert partaker in the killing of black lives. The author proceeds to tell her story of how lived experience, i.e., related to racism and inequities, inspired her to implement a curriculum that saves lives. She then proposes actionable measures that leaders of schools of education can take to show that they are allies of anti-black-racism and racial equity voices in education.

Design/methodology/approach
Methodologically, this paper is situated in the intersection of three methodological models, which share the use of narrative as a source of evidence: critical participatory action research, critical autoethnography and narrative inquiry.

Findings
The author’s narrative of lived experience, demonstrates the difficulty of black faculty of education to prepare nonblack educators who save black children’s lives and the author’s determination to tailor her syllabus to that urgent goal.

Originality/value
This study is one of its kind in claiming that ill-prepared teachers can “kill lives” and advocating that “saving lives” should be the mission of teacher preparation programs, especially those in high-diversity urban schools.
Processes underpinning survival in gay men living with HIV and a history of suicidality
Authors: Handlovsky Ingrid , Ferlatte Olivier , Kia Hannah , Knight Rod , Broom Alex , Oliffe John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGay men living with HIV represent a particularly high risk group for suicide; however, little is known about suicidality, specifically, resiliencies in the context of suicidality among this particular group of men. The current study draws on photovoice and grounded theory methods to examine the processes that underpin survival for gay men living with HIV who have experienced suicidality. Twenty‐two Canadian‐based gay men participated, taking photographs to depict and discuss their perspectives on resiliencies. Analyses revealed three processes that supported men's survival: (1) connecting to key supports, (2) finding sanctity in the outdoors, and (3) giving help as purposeful value‐adding. Connecting to key supports highlighted the utility of connection and therapeutic communication, listening and support provided by friends, family and professionals. Finding sanctity in the outdoors emphasised the healing capacity of outdoor green spaces, and giving help as purposeful value‐adding illustrated the meaning and purpose men derived from supporting others. These findings can inform public health and primary care interventions to foster gay men's resilience and coping, and ultimately suicide prevention efforts.
Follow‐up frequency and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective analysis based on multicenter real‐world data
Authors: Zhao Qiubo , Li Hongwei , Ni Qicheng , Dai Yuancheng , Zheng Qidong , Wang Yufan , Ke Tingyu , Li Li , Zhao Dong , Dong Qijuan , Ji Bangqun , Shi Juan , Peng Ying , Zhang Yifei , Xu Fengmei , Wang Weiqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether the follow‐up frequency for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the National Metabolic Management Centers (MMCs) leads to different clinical outcomes.MethodsA total of 19 908 T2DM patients with at least 6 months of facility‐based follow‐up were recruited in MMCs between June 2017 and April 2021 and divided into lower‐frequency and higher‐frequency follow‐up (LFF and HFF) groups according to the median follow‐up frequency of 2.0 (interquartile range 1.2) times per year. Metabolic parameters at baseline and at the last follow‐up visit were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess the relationship between follow‐up frequency and between‐group percentage changes, adjusting for the major covariables. Additional stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate the metabolic outcomes in the subgroups.ResultsThe characteristics of the participants in the LFF and HFF groups were significantly different at baseline. Participants had significant improvements in multiple metabolic parameters after follow‐up. Patients with HFF showed significantly greater decrease in percentage changes of fasting blood glucose (−4.95% ± 37.96% vs −2.21% ± 43.08%, P < .0001) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (−12.14% ± 19.78% vs −9.67% ± 20.29%, P < .0001) after adjustments compared to those with LFF. Furthermore, stratification analyses showed that significant between‐group percentage changes of HbA1c were observed in those with younger age (<55 years) and higher HbA1c (>9%) at baseline (P for interaction <.001).ConclusionsHFF is associated with better metabolic outcomes. Participants, especially with younger age or worse HbA1c at baseline in the HFF group achieved better glycemic control than those in the LFF group.
Remission of peanut allergy is associated with rewiring of allergen‐driven T helper 2‐related gene networks
Authors: Ashley Sarah E. , Jones Anya C. , Anderson Denise , Holt Patrick G. , Bosco Anthony , Tang Mimi L. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe immunological changes underpinning acquisition of remission (also called sustained unresponsiveness) following food immunotherapy remain poorly defined. Limited access to effective therapies and biosamples from treatment responders has prevented progress. Probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy is highly effective at inducing remission, providing an opportunity to investigate immune changes.MethodsUsing a systems biology approach, we examined gene co‐expression network patterns in peanut‐specific CD4+ T cell responses before and after probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy in subjects enrolled in the PPOIT‐001 randomized trial: Responders who attained remission (n = 16), placebo‐treated who remained allergic (n = 16).ResultsAcquisition of remission was associated with rewiring of gene network patterns, which was characterized by integration of T helper 2 and interferon signalling modules, markedly reduced T helper 2 gene connectivity, and shutdown in co‐expression activity between T helper 2 effectors and cell cycle regulators.ConclusionThe immunological changes underlying remission following peanut oral immunotherapy are mediated by reprogramming of T helper 2‐associated gene networks in the CD4+ T cell compartment. Findings provide insight into immune mechanisms driving the acquisition of remission following oral immunotherapy, paving the way for the development of improved approaches to induce remission/sustained unresponsiveness in patients with food allergy.
Development, preliminary validation and reliability of the colourful ‘My Feelings Form’ self‐report for young children
Authors: Mulligan Aisling , Sresthaporn Natthaphol , Mulroy Sinead , Rudd Tara , Coffey Anne , Joyce Maria , Gadancheva Veselina , Glancy Caoimhe 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPatient‐reported outcome measures place the patient at the centre of his/her care. There are calls to introduce child‐reported outcome measures to mental health services. We aimed to (a) develop an age‐appropriate patient‐reported outcome measure for children's mental health, and (b) validate this in a primary school and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS).MethodsA list of items to measure children's mental health was proposed (Draft 1) and revised to 14 items following focus group and user consultation (Draft 2). A colourful, cartoon and emoji version was created in consultation with children (Draft 3); a professional cartoon artist created the final ‘My Feelings Form’ (MFF), with usability feedback (Draft 4). The MFF was tested by 317 children aged 4–13 years from one mixed‐gender primary school at two time points in 1 day, and 25 children aged 4–13 years from CAMHS. Results were analysed using test–retest reliability and exploratory factor analysis; a receiver operator characteristic curve was constructed.ResultsThe CAMHS group scored significantly higher than the school group for the mean total score (23.5 ± 11.3 vs. 16.1 ± 6.2) and for 10 items. Test–retest reliability was acceptable (correlation = 0.74, p < .001). Exploratory factor analysis using 10 informative items identified two factors – emotional factor (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74) and function factor (Cronbach's alpha = 0.59). The revised 10‐item form has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77; a cut‐off of 12 has a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 60%, indicating that it correctly identified 80% of those who were attending CAMHS and gave 60% of the schoolchildren a negative result.ConclusionsThe colourful MFF was co‐produced with children, and preliminary data suggest that it is a useful patient‐reported outcome measure for children's mental health.
Do Norwegian private dental practitioners with too few patients compensate for their loss of income by providing more services or by raising their fees?
Authors: Grytten Jostein , Listl Stefan , Skau Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn Norway, supply of dental services exceeds demand, mainly because of the marked improvement in dental health during the last few decades. The aim of the study was to investigate whether private dental practitioners counteract a fall in demand for their services by providing more services or by raising their fees.MethodsThe data were collected using a questionnaire that was sent to all private dental practitioners in Norway. Altogether 1237 practitioners responded, which gave a response rate of 56%. Our sample was representative of the population of practitioners in Norway. As a measure of patient supply, responses from the following questions were used: ‘Based on an overall assessment of economy, workload and other personal factors, is the number of regular patients adequate? If not, do you wish to have more patients, or fewer patients?’ The outcome variables were dental fees, length of recall interval and mean cost per visit. The data were analysed using ordinary least square regression and a linear probability model. The following characteristics of the private dental practitioners were included as control variables: age, gender, work experience in years and whether they worked in a solo practice. To test the robustness of the findings, a supplementary analysis with the patient as the unit of analysis was carried out, using survey data of Norwegians aged 20 years and older. Based on this survey, the relationship between population: dentist ratio and mean cost per dental visit were examined.ResultsNearly 40% of all practitioners reported that they had too few patients. They compensated for their loss of income by raising their fees, by recalling their patients more often and by increasing the cost per visit. The finding in the supplementary analysis using survey data from patients was similar to the findings in the main analyses using survey data from private dental practitioners.ConclusionThe findings show that practitioners have market power. They were able to counteract a fall in demand for their services by providing more services and by raising their fees. The dental profession should be encouraged to provide appropriate services, in the present situation where supply exceeds demand.
Role of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and other metabolic variables in relation to arterial inflammation in HIV
Authors: Shen Grace , Thomas Teressa S. , Walpert Allie R. , McClure Colin M. , Fitch Kathleen V. , deFilippi Christopher , Torriani Martin , Buckless Colleen G. , Adler Gail K. , Grinspoon Steven K. , Srinivasa Suman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundArterial inflammation remains increased among persons with HIV (PWH) compared with persons without HIV (PWOH) even when controlling for traditional risk factors. We sought to understand whether increased renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation may be related to arterial inflammation in PWH and when compared with PWOH.DesignTwenty PWH and 9 PWOH followed a controlled, standardized low and liberal sodium diet to simulate a RAAS‐activated and RAAS‐suppressed state, respectively. We measured serum lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) concentrations following both conditions to assess the physiologic dynamics of aldosterone in relation to arterial inflammation.ResultsLpPLA2 levels were significantly higher among PWH versus PWOH during both the RAAS‐activated state[5.3(4.2, 6.1) versus 4.0(3.0, 4.8)nmol/L, median(interquartile range),p = .01]) and RAAS‐suppressed state[4.4(3.9, 5.3) versus 3.8(3.4, 4.1)nmol/L,p = .01]. Among PWH, but not PWOH, LpPLA2 increased significantly with RAAS activation(p = .03). LpPLA2 levels measured during the RAAS‐suppressed state among PWH remained relatively higher than LpPLA2 levels under both conditions among PWOH. Log LpPLA2 was related to log aldosterone during the RAAS‐activated state(r = .39,p = .04) among all participants. Log LpPLA2 was correlated with visceral fat(r = .46,p = .04) and log systolic blood pressure(r = .57,p = .009) during a RAAS‐activated state when an increase in aldosterone was stimulated in HIV.ConclusionLpPLA2 is increased during a RAAS‐activated state among PWH, but not among PWOH. Further, LpPLA2 was increased in both RAAS‐activated and suppressed states in PWH compared with PWOH. These data suggest a biological link between increased aldosterone and arterial inflammation in this population. Future studies should test RAAS blockade on arterial inflammation as a targeted treatment approach in HIV.