bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to resolution of tubal ectopic pregnancy following methotrexate treatment: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Davenport Marcus J. , Lindquist Anthea , Brownfoot Fiona , Pritchard Natasha , Tong Stephen , Hastie Roxanne 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To determine the time to resolution of tubal ectopic pregnancy after methotrexate treatment.

Methods
A 14-year retrospective cohort study was performed from 2004–2018 and assessed 216 women treated with single-dose methotrexate for tubal ectopic pregnancy. Women were treated using a single-dose protocol of intramuscular methotrexate (50mg/m2) for confirmed tubal ectopic pregnancy on ultrasound. Ectopic pregnancies were included if the ectopic pregnancy mass was <35mm, no evidence of rupture and no embryonic cardiac activity. Serum hCG was measured on day 1, 4 and 7 of treatment and then at standard weekly intervals until resolution. Where there was not a ≥15% decline in hCG from day 4 and day 7, a second dose of methotrexate was administered. The primary outcome was time to resolution (days), with serum hCG <5 IU/L considered resolved. The secondary outcome was need for rescue surgery.

Results
Among women who did not proceed to surgery, the median time to resolution was 22 days (IQR 14,34). Time to resolution and need for rescue surgery increased with baseline hCG. When hCG was <1000 IU/L, the median was 20 days (IQR 13,29) but 34.5 days (IQR 22,48) with hCG >2000 IU/L. Early hCG trends were predictive of time to resolution and likelihood of rescue surgery; a hCG rise of >1000 IU/L between Days 1–4 increased time to resolution to 61 days (IQR 35,80) and an odds ratio of rescue surgery of 28.6 (95% C.I. 5.3,155.4).

Conclusion
The median time to resolution for ectopic pregnancies treated with methotrexate is 22 days and associated with baseline hCG levels. The predictive value of baseline hCG may be useful in clinical decision making and counselling women considering methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy.
Determinants of exit-knowledge of ambulatory patients on their dispensed medications: The case in the outpatient pharmacy of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Welday Kahssay Semere , Mulugeta Peacock 
Published: May 2022

Background
Patient’s knowledge about dispensed medications is one of the major factors that determine the rational use of medicines.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess exit-knowledge of ambulatory patients about their dispensed medications and associated factors at the outpatient pharmacy of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from August to October 2021. Study subjects were selected by random sampling technique and were interviewed using a structured interview questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with exit knowledge. At a 95% confidence interval (CI), p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
Of the total 400 participants, 116 (29.0%) participants had sufficient exit-knowledge about their dispensed medication. Patients with higher educational level had increased exit knowledge of dispensed medications than those with no formal education (AOR: 5.590; 95% CI 1.019–30.666). Also, the nature of illness as being chronic significantly enlarged the odds (AOR 5.807; 95% CI 2.965–11.372) of having sufficient exit-knowledge. Participants who reported, “I do not know” and “I did not get enough information from the pharmacist” had lower odds (AOR 0.374; 95% CI: 0.142–0.982) and (AOR 0.166; 95% CI 0.062–0.445) of sufficient exit-knowledge in comparison to those who responded “I got enough information from the pharmacist” respectively. Furthermore, the odd of sufficient exit-knowledge was 7.62 times higher in those who claimed prescribing doctor as the source of information.

Conclusion
The majority of patients had insufficient exit-knowledge about their dispensed medications. Educational status, nature of the disease, perceived sufficiency of pharmacist knowledge, and source of information were significantly associated with exit knowledge.
Agricultores familiares nos assentamentos em Araguatins/TO
Authors: Ribeiro de Sousa Simonetti Erica , Elisabete Barden Julia 
Published: May 2022

Os assentamentos rurais no Brasil influenciam no dinamismo econômico e social. É desafiador entender essa realidade como um organismo social, complexo e fortemente imbricado ao território por intermédio de suas relações produção e consumo e a superação dos problemas. Este estudo é relevante por gerar informações úteis para o entendimento da realidade dos assentamentos rurais e as análises dessas informações sociais, são importantes pois poderá servir de base para elaboração de estratégias em prol do desenvolvimento desses assentamentos. O objetivo do artigo é identificar o perfil dos agricultores rurais assentados em Araguatins/TO e a relação com a terra, contribuindo assim com uma análise social do espaço rural. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, estudo de caso, possui abordagem qualitativo e quantitativo. Foram entrevistadas 63 famílias em 21 assentamentos rurais em Araguatins/TO. Os resultados apontam que as famílias rurais têm a trajetória familiar em torno da agricultura, o tempo de vivência nos assentamentos é variado, verificou-se profunda ligação afetiva com a terra e isso influencia diretamente na questão da identificação com a atividade, pois a maioria se identifica como lavrador e nenhum como camponês ou como assentado, apesar de todas as dificuldades e problemas existentes, é notório o nível de satisfação dos assentados com o modo de vida rural.
Curvature measures of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Bernig Andreas , Faifman Dmitry , Solanes Gil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Weyl principle is extended from the Riemannian to the pseudo-Riemannian setting, and subsequently to manifolds equipped with generic symmetric

(
0
,
2
)

{(0,2)}

-tensors. More precisely, we construct a family of generalized curvature measures attached to such manifolds, extending the Riemannian Lipschitz–Killing curvature measures introduced by Federer. We then show that they behave naturally under isometric immersions, in particular they do not depend on the ambient signature. Consequently, we extend Theorema Egregium to surfaces equipped with a generic metric of changing signature, and more generally, establish the existence as distributions of intrinsically defined Lipschitz–Killing curvatures for such manifolds of arbitrary dimension. This includes in particular the scalar curvature and the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet integrand. Finally, we deduce a Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with generic boundary.
A heat-controlled release system of ethyl vanillin based on acyclic cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Dong Gaofeng , Zhou Jiawei , Zhou Guiyuan , Yin Peipei , Yang Jing , Lu Wei , Gao Chuanzhu , Liao Xiali , Wang Baoxing , Yang Bo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ethyl vanillin (EVA) is one of the most popular spices in the world, but it is unstable and is prone to lose its aroma. Host–Guest encapsulation by supramolecular hosts can improve stability of fragrance molecules and endow them with excellent heat-controlled release properties to satisfy requirements in food, cosmetic and tobacco, etc. Herein, two acyclic cucurbit[n]urils (ACBs, M1 and M2) inclusion complexes of EVA were prepared. Their binding behaviors were investigated by 1H NMR, SEM, XRD, FT-IR and TGA. The stoichiometric ratio was 1:1 by Job’s plot and the binding constant was determined by fluorescence titration. The intermolecular interaction between host and guest was studied by 2D-ROESY NMR and the inclusion mode was proposed. Finally, the heat-controlled release experiment indicated that the inclusion complexes of ACBs/EVA possess less volatilization at higher temperature, longer retention time and heat-controlled release. This study provides theoretical and technical guidance for expanding the application of EVA.
A study of an intelligent algorithm combining semantic environments for the translation of complex English sentences
Authors: Wang Ping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the translation quality of complex English sentences, this paper investigated unknown words. First, two baseline models, the recurrent neural machine translation (RNMT) model and the transformer model, were briefly introduced. Then, the unknown words were identified and replaced based on WordNet and the semantic environment and input to the neural machine translation (NMT) model for translation. Finally, experiments were conducted on several National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) datasets. It was found that the transformer model significantly outperformed the RNMT model, its average bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) value was 42.14, which was 6.96 higher than the RNMT model, and its translation error rate (TER) was also smaller. After combining the intelligent algorithm, the BLEU values of both models improved, and the TER became smaller; the average BLEU value of the transformer model combined with the intelligent algorithm was 43.7, and the average TER was 57.68. The experiment verifies that the transformer model combined with the intelligent algorithm is reliable in translating complex sentences and can obtain higher-quality translation results.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on presentation and referral patterns of newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes in a developing country
Authors: Alassaf Abeer , Gharaibeh Lobna , Ibrahim Sarah , Daher Amirah , Irsheid Ayah , Albaramki Jumana , Odeh Rasha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had a great impact on patients worldwide, including those with chronic diseases. We aim to study the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on presentation patterns of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Jordan, as an example a developing country with limited resources.

Methods
Medical charts were reviewed for patients presented with new-onset T1D to Jordan University hospital during the first year of pandemic and the preceding year. Categorical data were compared using Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact test. Continuous data were compared using the Independent Sample t-Test.

Results
A total of 137 children were diagnosed with T1D during the study period, with 60.6% of those children were diagnosed in the pre-pandemic year compared to 39.4% during the first year of pandemic, p-value=0.013. Percentage of patients diagnosed with DKA as first presentation of T1D during the pre-pandemic year was 34.9% compared to 51.9% during the pandemic year, p-value=0.049. Significant differences in family monthly income (p-value=0.006) and paternal education level (p-value=0.036) were found between children with DKA and those without DKA in the pre-pandemic year, but they were not significant during the pandemic year.

Conclusions
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic had affected presentation pattern of newly diagnosed T1D patients, manifested by lower number of children diagnosed with T1D and higher percentage of DKA as first presentation compared to the preceding year. Health care services should be at utmost preparedness for possible future waves and other pandemics.
Reflecting on past language brokering experiences: how they affected children’s and teenagers’ emotions and relationships
Authors: Arumí Marta , Rubio-Carbonero Gema 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn many immigrant families, children often learn the language and culture of the host society quicker than adult immigrants. Consequently, children serve as language brokers, translating and interpreting face-to-face communication. The aim of this paper is to present a study based on 19 qualitative in depth interviews with young adults reporting on how they felt and managed their emotions when acting as language brokers in their childhood and adolescence. The study shows the key role that emotions play in the Child Language Brokering experience and how the relationships that the broker establishes with their immediate context (family, teachers, and the community) is intrinsically related to how they assess the experience. It also shows that emotions had an impact on how brokers modulate the message they rendered, especially when they had to deal with sensitive topics. This research proves the importance of the first-person retrospective narratives of the protagonists, which allows to give a voice to a highly invisible group.
High efficiency and scalable fabrication of fresnel zone plates using holographic femtosecond pulses
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Jiang Lan , Li Xiaowei , Gao Shuai , Zhou Shipeng , Liu Yang , Huang Lingling , Lu Jiangang , Yin Jiangang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To meet the growing demand for photonic integration and device miniaturization, planar diffractive Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are widely applied in integrated optical systems. However, challenges remain in fabricating FZPs with high efficiency and satisfying the requirement for cross-scale fabrication. This paper details a high efficiency method for fabricating ultrathin FZPs of different scales on metal films by using holographic femtosecond lasers. The FZPs are split into a series of element patterns that are printed in order by using corresponding modulated femtosecond pulses. The fabricated FZPs are spliced by the printed element structures with no FZP size limitation in theory. FZPs with an area varying across three orders of magnitude are presented to demonstrate the capability of cross-scale fabrication. The fabricated FZPs possess an excellent broadband focusing and imaging ability in the visible spectrum. Furthermore, the fabrication of other functional ultrathin lenses, such as axial multifocal zone plates, petal-like zone plates, and FZP arrays, is described, revealing the wide potential for the flexible and scalable fabrication method in on-chip integrated optical systems.
Selectively Imaging Cranial Sensory Ganglion Neurons Using AAV-PHP.S
Authors: Asencor Andoni I. , Dvoryanchikov Gennady , Makhoul Vivien , Tsoulfas Pantelis , Chaudhari Nirupa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBecause of their ease of use, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are indispensable tools for much of neuroscience. Yet AAVs have been used relatively little to study the identities and connectivity of peripheral sensory neurons, principally because methods to selectively target peripheral neurons have been limited. The introduction of the AAV-PHP.S capsid with enhanced tropism for peripheral neurons (Chan et al., 2017) offered a solution, which we further elaborate here. Using AAV-PHP.S with GFP or mScarlet fluorescent proteins, we show that the mouse sensory ganglia for cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X are targeted. Pseudounipolar neurons of both somatic and visceral origin, but not satellite glia, express the reporters. One week after virus injection, ≈66% of geniculate ganglion neurons were transduced. Fluorescent reporters were transported along the central and peripheral axons of these sensory neurons, permitting visualization of terminals at high resolution, and in intact, cleared brain using light sheet microscopy. Further, using a Cre-dependent reporter, we demonstrate by anatomic and functional criteria, that expression is in a cell type-selective manner. Finally, we integrate earlier neuroanatomical and molecular data within vivoCa2+imaging to demonstrate the sensory characteristics of geniculate ganglion auricular neurons, which were previously undocumented. Our analyses suggest that the AAV-PHP.S serotype will be a powerful tool for anatomically and functionally mapping the receptive fields and circuits of the expanding numbers of molecular subtypes of many somatosensory and viscerosensory neurons that continue to be defined via single-cell RNA sequencing.
AVA en ciencias naturales: Una propuesta para su evaluación y selección
Authors: Pineda Avila Paula Nataly , Botero-Buitrago Jenny , Hernández-Barbosa Rubinsten , García-Martínez Álvaro 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una matriz que permita la evaluación y selección de ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje óptimos para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales. Método: El trabajo se enmarcó en la investigación cualitativa, por medio de siete etapas, dentro de las cuales se construyó, validó y puso a prueba con cuatro ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje la matriz de evaluación propuesta. Resultados: A partir del análisis de los cuatro AVA por medio del recurso de evaluación diseñado se obtuvo que muchos de los recursos disponibles en la Web no cumplen de manera óptima con todas las categorías que se deben tener en cuenta dentro del diseño AVA para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Discusión y Conclusiones: La educación en tiempos de pandemia, llevó a que el uso de recursos tecnológicos disponibles en la web incrementara considerablemente, esto hace relevante y evidente la necesidad de contar con recursos de evaluación para la selección de AVA, debido a que no todos cumplen con los aspectos necesarios y primordiales para fines educativos. Además, esto no solo contribuye a que los docentes hagan un proceso de selección crítica de los recursos que van a utilizar, sino también en el diseño de recursos propios.
A Necessária Desconstrução da Colonialidade nas Amazônias e nas Américas
Authors: Neves Lino João de Oliveira 
Published: May 2022

Como faces articuladas do longo processo de Conquista a que foram/são submetidos os povos indígenas nas Américas, “Colonização”, “Colonialismo” e “Colonialidade” são conceitos de uso corrente, muitas vezes empregados de maneiras impróprias. Desconstrução da colonialidade é o movimento necessário e urgente de desconstruir as múltiplas situações de colonialismo que ainda hoje
submetem o viver de grande parte da população nas Amazônias e nas Américas. Desconstruir a colonialidade é reconhecer a efetividade dos povos indígenas e seus respectivos sistemas de produção de conhecimento não apenas como “resistências” à invasão-colonização dos mundos indígenas, mas também pelo aporte que podem trazer para o aprimoramento das relações interculturais desde que destituídas do ranço colonial que ainda hoje orienta as relações dos Estados e sociedades nacionais com os povos indígenas.
Mujeres latinoamericanas inmigrantes en España: experiencias de racismo y asimilación
Authors: Hernández Martínez Camila , Vilanova Becker Patricia 
Published: May 2022

Desde los campos de los estudios de género y la antropología, este estudio interdisciplinar analiza las experiencias racistas vividas por mujeres latinoamericanas inmigrantes en España, las cuales influyen en la adherencia de los sujetos a técnicas de asimilación cultural. La asimilación es una estrategia de aculturación donde los sujetos rechazan la cultura de origen en el intento de incorporarse por completo a la cultura de la sociedad de acogida. Alejarse de la cultura latinoamericana a través de prácticas y discursos es una forma deprotegerse contra el racismo sistemático vivido en el territorio europeo, así como una manera de acercarse al privilegio de la blanquitud autóctona. La metodología empleada ha sido cualitativa, aplicada a través de un análisis interseccional y con perspectiva de género de entrevistas semiestructuradas e individuales realizadas a diez mujeres latinoamericanas inmigrantes en España. Como conclusión, por una parte, se verifica que los discursos de integración producidos por las instituciones europeas han sido incorporados por los sujetos inmigrantes, siendo muchas veces interpretados como un deber de asimilación o adaptación que implicaría la renuncia de la cultura del país de origen. Por otra parte, también se reconoce que, de forma simultánea, las mujeres realizan múltiples procesos de agencia y empoderamiento durante sus trayectorias migratorias.
A kommunkáció rejtett zavara: a pragmatikai kommunikációs zavar
Authors: Svindt Veronika 
Published: May 2022

A pragmatikai kommunikációs zavar (PKZ) mint önálló diagnosztikai kategória a 2013-ban kiadott DSM-5-ben jelent meg a nyelvi és kommunikációs zavarok között. A nemzetközi gyakorlatban az 1980-as években írták le először olyan gyermekek tüneteit, akik a felszínen tipikusnak tűnő nyelvfejlődési útjuk ellenére súlyos szociális-kommunikációs és pragmatikai nehézségekkel küzdenek (Rapin‒Allen 1983). Hazánkban jelenleg kezdeti szakaszban jár ennek a fejlődési zavarnak a meg- és felismerése, szűrése, diagnosztikája, illetve az intervenció módszereinek kidolgozása. A PKZ-val élő gyermekek ‒ a gyakran rejtve maradó fejlődési zavaruk következtében ‒ iskolai előmenetelük során tipikusan fejlődő kortársaikhoz képest egyre nagyobb és látványosabb hátrányba kerülnek, és ez tanulási nehézségekben, magatartási és viselkedési problémákban, figyelmi nehézségekben, szociális és kommunikációs esetlenségben nyilvánul meg. Jelen tanulmány célja a PKZ tüneteinek, hétköznapi megnyilvánulási formáinak a megismertetése a gyakorló pedagógusokkal annak érdekében, hogy felismerjék a tanítványaik között esetleg érintett gyermekeket.
IS ABERRANCY A RELIABLE INDICATOR FOR MAJOR PALEOCLIMATIC DISTURBANCE?
Authors: STUKINS STEPHEN 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Aberrant forms of many different spore and pollen taxa (sporomorphs) are often used to assess timings and extent of environmental stress at major extinction/climate events. However, little is known about the normal level of malformations in these taxa. Malformation can manifest in several different ways, including significant size differences (± from the accepted range for the species), retention of pollen/spores within tetrads, and unusual and inconsistent morphological aberrations. This study analyses one commonly used pollen genus, Classopollis, and its aberrant forms, from the Bajocian of Argentina. Tetrads, including those incorporating malformed/aborted pollen grains, are found to be common, showing that tetrads of Classopollis are not a reliable signal of major environmental disturbance. The results and discussion presented here emphasize why palynological data must be interpreted in context of the depositional dynamics, facies changes and how they affect the assemblages in conjunction with understanding variations in the strategies of individual flora.
Input and output consideration in the assignment and transportation problems
Authors: Ghiyasi Mojtaba , rouyendegh babak , Taspinar Asli , ciftci kamil , Ekong Joseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transportation and assignment problems are subject of extensive research focusing on the optimization of shipping routes and utilization of resources to decrease costs or increase profits. In this work, these approaches are generalized to cases with multiple inputs/outputs, while improving the discrimination power and reducing the computational complexity compared to the existing models. The applicability and strength of our model is also demonstrated by applying it to practical scenarios alongside these conventional approaches.