bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating posttraumatic stress disorder severity in the presence of differential item functioning across populations, comorbidities, and interview measures: Introduction to Project Harmony
Authors: Morgan‐López Antonio A. , Hien Denise A. , Saraiya Tanya C. , Saavedra Lissette M. , Norman Sonya B. , Killeen Therese K. , Simpson Tracy L. , Fitzpatrick Skye , Mills Katherine L. , Ruglass Lesia M. , Back Sudie E. , López‐Castro Teresa ,   the Consortium on Addiction, Stress and Trauma (CAST)
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple factor analytic and item response theory studies have shown that items/symptoms vary in their relative clinical weights in structured interview measures for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite these findings, the use of total scores, which treat symptoms as though they are equally weighted, predominates in practice, with the consequence of undermining the precision of clinical decision‐making. We conducted an integrative data analysis (IDA) study to harmonize PTSD structured interview data (i.e., recoding of items to a common symptom metric) from 25 studies (total N = 2,568). We aimed to identify (a) measurement noninvariance/differential item functioning (MNI/DIF) across multiple populations, psychiatric comorbidities, and interview measures simultaneously and (b) differences in inferences regarding underlying PTSD severity between scale scores estimated using moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) and a total score analog model (TSA). Several predictors of MNI/DIF impacted effect size differences in underlying severity across scale scoring methods. Notably, we observed MNI/DIF substantial enough to bias inferences on underlying PTSD severity for two groups: African Americans and incarcerated women. The findings highlight two issues raised elsewhere in the PTSD psychometrics literature: (a) bias in characterizing underlying PTSD severity and individual‐level treatment outcomes when the psychometric model underlying total scores fails to fit the data and (b) higher latent severity scores, on average, when using DSM‐5 (net of MNI/DIF) criteria, by which multiple factors (e.g., Criterion A discordance across DSM editions, changes to the number/type of symptom clusters, changes to the symptoms themselves) may have impacted severity scoring for some patients.
Extensive hearing loss induced by low‐frequency noise exposure
Authors: Liu Junping , Antisdel Jastin , Liu Changming , Chen Miaoan , Dong Pin , Fahlman Richard , Ma Furong , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith little attention given to low‐frequency traffic noise and our understanding that cochlear function may be highly susceptible to low‐frequency noise, there is an urgent need to determine traffic noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL), not only the hearing loss at low frequency but also the possible high‐frequency hearing loss.MethodsThe current study aims to investigate the potential for extensive hearing loss induced by exposure to 0.063 kHz octave band noise (OBN), which is an important component of low‐frequency traffic noise. The threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to evaluate hearing function before and after noise exposure. Chinchillas were randomly assigned into seven different groups. Group 63‐3 h/6 h, Group 2 k‐3 h/6 h, and group 4 k‐3 h/6 h were exposed for either 3 or 6 h to 0.063, 2, and 4 kHz OBN at 90 dB SPL, respectively. The control group was not exposed to noise.ResultsSignificant ABR threshold‐shifts (TS) were observed at 0.88, 2, 4, and 5.7 kHz in Group 63‐6 h, and at 2.8 and 4 kHz in Group 2 k‐6 h, and at 5.7 kHz in Group 4 k‐6 h. ABR‐TS were consistent with outer hair cell (OHC) losses, exposure to 0.063 kHz OBN at 90 dB SPL for 6 h induced large‐scale losses of OHC both in low‐ and high‐frequency region.ConclusionsExposure to 0.063 kHz low‐frequency OBN at 90 dB SPL for 6 h leads to significant hearing loss over an extensive range from low to high frequencies.
Glomerular filtration rate early after liver transplantation independently predicts atherosclerotic events
Authors: Hassouneh Ramzi , Patel Samarth , Shen Steve , Bui Anh , Syed Taseen , Flynn Sean , Patel Vaishali , Muthiah Mark D. , Sharma Amit , Bhati Chandra , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of mortality among liver transplantation (LT) recipients; however, the data on CVD risk stratification following LT are limited. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between decline in renal function early after LT and atherosclerotic events. This retrospective study included all patients receiving LT between 2007 and 2019. Early renal function was quantified as estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 6 months after LT. The primary endpoint for the study was a composite atherosclerotic cardiovascular event of three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which includes nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, or death from CVD. A total of 553 LT recipients met entry criteria. After a median follow‐up of 74 months (interquartile range 46–111), 94 (17%) LT recipients died and CVD‐associated death occurred in 20 patients. MACE‐3 occurred in 66 (12%) patients, with nonfatal MI being the most common event (n = 30). A strong inverse relationship between early GFR and MACE‐3 was noted in unadjusted analysis with hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.98; p = 0.0001) and remained significant even after accounting for age, sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, calcineurin inhibitor use, and Framingham Risk Score (FRS; HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95–0.97; p = 0.0001 per unit increase in GFR). Furthermore, an independent interaction between GFR, FRS, and likelihood of developing an MACE‐3 was noted. GFR 6 months following LT is a strong predictor of developing atherosclerotic events. This relationship is independent of traditional CVD risk stratification models (e.g. FRS) and thus has the potential to be incorporated into CVD risk assessment after LT but requires further validation.
The Effects of Proline Isomerization on the Solvation Behavior of Elastin‐Like Polypeptides in Water–Ethanol Mixtures
Authors: Zhao Yani , Kremer Kurt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are well‐known proline‐rich stimulus‐responsive polymers. They have broad applications ranging from drug delivery to green chemistry. Recently, the authors have shown that the cis/trans proline isomerization can be used to regulate their conformational behavior while keeping the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) unchanged in pure water. In aqueous ethanol mixtures, ELPs typically exhibit an expanded–collapsed–expanded transition known as the co‐non‐solvency phenomenon. Since it is unclear how proline isomerization affects the solvation behavior of ELPs in aqueous ethanol mixtures, an all‐atom insight on single ELPs has been provided to address this question. It is found that if all proline residues are in the cis state, the peptides only experience a collapsed–expanded transition as ethanol concentration increases, i.e., the initial collapse vanishes because cis isomers prefer the compact structures in pure water. The data from the authors also suggest that proline isomerization does not change the shift in solvation free energy of an ELP with given sequence, but it varies the affinity of the peptide to both the solvent and cosolvent molecules.
The Neuroinflammatory Acute Phase Response in Parkinsonian‐Related Disorders
Authors: Ayton Scott , Hall Sara , Janelidze Shorena , Kalinowski Pawel , Palmqvist Sebastian , Belaidi Abdel A. , Roberts Blaine , Roberts Anne , Stomrud Erik , Bush Ashley I. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related conditions, yet prior clinical biomarker data report mixed findings.ObjectivesThe aim was to measure a panel of neuroinflammatory acute phase response (APR) proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of participants with PD and related disorders.MethodsEleven APR proteins were measured in the CSF of 867 participants from the BioFINDER cohort who were healthy (612) or had a diagnosis of PD (155), multiple system atrophy (MSA) (26), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (22), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (23), or Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) (29).ResultsCSF APR proteins were mostly unchanged in PD, with only haptoglobin and α1‐antitrypsin significantly elevated compared to controls. These proteins were variably increased in the other disorders. Certain protein components yielded unique signatures according to diagnosis: ferritin and transthyretin were selectively elevated in MSA and discriminated these patients from all others. Haptoglobin was selectively increased in PSP, discriminating this disease from MSA when used in combination with ferritin and transthyretin. This panel of proteins did not correlate well with severity of motor impairment in any disease category, but several (particularly ceruloplasmin and ferritin) were associated with memory performance (Mini‐Mental State Examination) in patients with DLB and PDD.ConclusionsThese findings provide new insights into inflammatory changes in PD and related disorders while also introducing biomarkers of potential clinical diagnostic utility. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Experiences of children and adolescents living with achondroplasia and their caregivers
Authors: Shediac Renée , Moshkovich Olga , Gerould Heather , Ballinger Rachel , Williams Agnes , Bellenger M. Alex , Quinn Jennifer , Hoover‐Fong Julie , Mohnike Klaus , Savarirayan Ravi , Kelly Dominique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAchondroplasia, caused by a pathogenic variant in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3), leads to significant multisystem complications across the lifespan that may affect the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals and families living with the condition.MethodsThe objective of this qualitative study was to describe the HRQoL of children and adolescents with achondroplasia and their caregivers. Thirty‐four caregivers and 12 adolescents from the United States and Spain participated in one of eight focus groups or completed an individual interview, which was audio‐recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was performed to identify commonly occurring themes pertaining to HRQoL.ResultsCaregivers and adolescents described challenges with physical functioning and medical complications due to achondroplasia. Key challenges included difficulties performing activities of daily living, issues of accessibility, bullying, or unwanted attention in public, and negative effects on self‐esteem. Caregivers were concerned about accessing appropriate medical care for their child, and also reported experiencing financial, relational, and emotional challenges in their families. Achondroplasia also affected individuals and their families in positive ways, including increasing empathy, receiving positive attention, and feeling supported by the achondroplasia community.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of regular assessments of HRQoL and the provision of psychosocial support to affected children and families.
ChREBP‐driven DNL and PNPLA3 Expression Induced by Liquid Fructose are Essential in the Production of Fatty Liver and Hypertriglyceridemia in a High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Rat Model
Authors: Velázquez Ana Magdalena , Bentanachs Roger , Sala‐Vila Aleix , Lázaro Iolanda , Rodríguez‐Morató Jose , Sánchez Rosa M. , Alegret Marta , Roglans Núria , Laguna Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2022

ScopeThe aim of this study is to delineate the contribution of dietary saturated fatty acids (FA) versus liquid fructose to fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia.Methods and ResultsThree groups of female rats are maintained for 3 months in standard chow (CT); High‐fat diet (46.9% of fat‐derived calories, rich in palmitic and stearic FA, HFD); and HFD with 10% w/v fructose in drinking water (HFHFr). Zoometric parameters, plasma biochemistry, and liver Oil‐Red O (ORO) staining, lipidomics, and expression of proteins involved in FA metabolism are analyzed. Both diets increase ingested calories without modifying body weight. Only the HFHFr diet increases liver triglycerides (x11.0), with hypertriglyceridemia (x1.7) and reduces FA β‐oxidation (x0.7), and increases liver FA markers of DNL (de novo lipogenesis). Whereas HFD livers show a high content of ceramides, HFHFr samples show unchanged ceramides, and an increase in diacylglycerols. Only the HFHFr diet leads to a marked increase in the expression of enzymes involved in DNL and triglyceride metabolism, such as carbohydrate response element binding protein β (ChREBPβ, x3.2), a transcription factor that regulates DNL, and patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing 3 (PNPLA3, x2.6), a lipase that mobilizes stored triglycerides for VLDL secretion.ConclusionThe addition of liquid‐fructose to dietary FA is determinant in liver steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia production, through increased DNL and PNPLA3 expression, and reduced FA catabolism.
An initial systematic study of the linear energy transfer distributions of a proton beam under a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Fujii Yusuke , Ueda Hideaki , Umegaki Kikuo , Matsuura Taeko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the biological effectiveness of magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided proton beam therapy, comprehensively characterizing the dose and dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) distributions under a magnetic field is necessary. Although detailed analysis has characterized curved beam paths and distorted dose distributions, the impact of a magnetic field on LETd should also be explored to determine the proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Hence, this initial study aims to present a basic analysis of LETd distributions in the presence of a magnetic field using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS).MethodsGeant4 MCS (version 10.1.p01) was performed to calculate the LETd distribution of proton beams. The incident beam energies were set to 70.2, 140.8, and 220 MeV, and both zero‐ and finite‐emittance pencil beams as well as scanned field were simulated. A transverse magnetic field of 0–3 T was applied within a water phantom placed at the isocenter, and the three‐dimensional dose and LETd distributions in the phantom were calculated. Then, the depth profiles of LETd along the curved trajectory and the lateral LETd profile at the Bragg peak (BP) depth were analyzed under changing energies and magnetic fields. In addition, for zero‐ and finite‐emittance beams, the correlation of the lateral asymmetries between the dose and LETd distributions were analyzed. Finally, spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) fields were simulated to assess the depth‐dependent asymmetry of the LETd distributions.ResultsA transverse magnetic field distorted the lateral LETd distribution of a pencil beam at close to the BP, and the magnitude of the distortion at the BP increased for higher energy beams and larger magnetic fields. For a zero‐emittance beam, the differences in LETd between the left and right D20 positions were relatively large; the difference in LETd was 1.5 and 2.3 keV/μm at 140.8 and 220 MeV, respectively, at a magnetic field of 1.5 T. These asymmetries were pronounced at positions where the dose asymmetries were large. The size of the asymmetry was less substantial for a finite‐emittance beam and even less for a scanned field. However, a 1.5‐keV/μm difference still remained between the left and right D20 positions of a scanned field penumbra for a 220 MeV beam under the same magnetic field. For the SOBP field, it was found that the distal region of SOBP had the highest LETd distortions, followed by the central and proximal regions for the middle‐sized SOBP (5 × 5 × 5 cm3), whereas the degree of LETd distortion did not vary much with depth for the 10 × 10 × 10‐cm3 SOBP field.ConclusionOur results indicate that not only the dose but also LETd distortions should be considered to accurately evaluate the biological effectiveness of MR‐guided proton beam therapy.
Mechanism of wetting–induced deformation and failure of unsaturated soils
Authors: Komolvilas Veerayut , Kikumoto Mamoru , Kyokawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms of hydraulic collapse (wetting‐induced deformation) are studied through a series of simulations using a model for unsaturated soils. The model is a critical state soil model extended for unsaturated soils using Bishop's effective stress tensor, the state boundary surface (SBS) moving with the change in the degree of saturation, and a rational soil‐water characteristic curve that takes account of density and hydraulic hysteresis. Comparisons with published experimental data validate the proposed model. The simulation results show that the model adequately captures the hydraulic collapse behavior under both isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions. The effects of density, mean net stress, and deviatoric stress on the hydraulic collapse behavior are further investigated through a parametric calculation, and the mechanics of the wetting–induced instability are discussed. The effects of suction history, namely repeated wetting and drying cycles, on the deformation and failure, are also presented. The proposed model provides a validated method for modeling hydromechanical collapse in unsaturated soil and provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Vertical dynamic impedance of end‐bearing pile groups embedded in homogeneous unsaturated soils
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Shan Yao , Xiang Ke , Wang Binglong , Zhou Shunhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough soil is typically an unsaturated (three‐phase) medium, previous studies on the dynamic impedance of pile groups primarily considered the piles embedded in either the single‐phase or fully saturated (two‐phase) soils. In this work, the dynamic impedance of end‐bearing pile groups embedded in homogeneous unsaturated soil subject to a vertical time‐harmonic load is analytically obtained. The soil is modeled as a three‐dimensional axisymmetric continuum, and both the radial and vertical displacements as well as the influence of the saturation degree on the soil's dynamic shear modulus are considered. The governing equations of vibrating unsaturated soil are uncoupled by virtue of the potential function and operator decomposition methods. The attenuation function of soil displacement, surrounding soil resistance factor, and vertical dynamic impedance of a single pile are derived from the pile−soil compatibility conditions. Pile‐to‐pile dynamic interaction factors are then derived and used, along with the superposition principle, to find the vertical dynamic impedance of end‐bearing pile groups in the frequency domain. The proposed analytical solution is verified by comparison with two benchmark solutions. Finally, the influence of various parameters on the dynamic response of end‐bearing pile groups is determined.
Drug interactions in hospital prescriptions in Denmark: Prevalence and associations with adverse outcomes
Authors: Leal Rodríguez Cristina , Kaas‐Hansen Benjamin Skov , Eriksson Robert , Biel Jorge Hernansanz , Belling Kirstine G. , Andersen Stig Ejdrup , Brunak Søren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeWhile the beneficial effects of medications are numerous, drug–drug interactions may lead to adverse drug reactions that are preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Our goal was to quantify the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions in drug prescriptions at Danish hospitals, estimate the risk of adverse outcomes associated with discouraged drug combinations, and highlight the patient types (defined by the primary diagnosis of the admission) that appear to be more affected.MethodsThis cross‐sectional (descriptive part) and cohort study (adverse outcomes part) used hospital electronic health records from two Danish regions (~2.5 million people) from January 2008 through June 2016. We included all inpatients receiving two or more medications during their admission and considered concomitant prescriptions of potentially interacting drugs as per the Danish Drug Interaction Database. We measured the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions in general and discouraged drug pairs in particular during admissions and associations with adverse outcomes: post‐discharge all‐cause mortality rate, readmission rate and length‐of‐stay.ResultsAmong 2 886 227 hospital admissions (945 475 patients; median age 62 years [IQR: 41–74]; 54% female; median number of drugs 7 [IQR: 4–11]), patients in 1 836 170 admissions were exposed to at least one potential drug–drug interaction (659 525 patients; median age 65 years [IQR: 49–77]; 54% female; median number of drugs 9 [IQR: 6–13]) and in 27 605 admissions to a discouraged drug pair (18 192 patients; median age 68 years [IQR: 58–77]; female 46%; median number of drugs 16 [IQR: 11–22]). Meropenem‐valproic acid (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9), domperidone‐fluconazole (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.1–3.1), imipramine‐terbinafine (HR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.2–12), agomelatine‐ciprofloxacin (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–5.5), clarithromycin‐quetiapine (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7) and piroxicam‐warfarin (HR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1–11.4) were associated with elevated mortality. Confidence interval bounds of pairs associated with readmission were close to 1; length‐of‐stay results were inconclusive.ConclusionsWell‐described potential drug–drug interactions are still missed and alerts at point of prescription may reduce the risk of harming patients; prescribing clinicians should be alert when using strong inhibitor/inducer drugs (i.e. clarithromycin, valproic acid, terbinafine) and prevalent anticoagulants (i.e. warfarin and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs ‐ NSAIDs) due to their great potential for dangerous interactions. The most prominent CYP isoenzyme involved in mortality and readmission rates was 3A4.
Biology and biometric characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on different host plants with regard to diet
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Raman , Kalia Vinay Kumari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), native to the Americas, is a new invasive pest that was reported in India for the first time in May 2018. Being polyphagous, FAW can infest several different hosts and increase its population all year round. In this context, the present study was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the biological parameters of FAW on four different hosts, Zea mays (maize), Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), Ricinus communis (castor) and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), and a semi‐synthetic diet.RESULTSThe shortest life cycle of 32.8 ± 0.52 days in males and 34.1 ± 0.43 days in females was observed on maize. Semi‐synthetic diet was superior in terms of higher mean fecundity (1324.6 ± 61.21 eggs), larval weight (503 ± 0.02 mg), pupal weight (263 ± 0.01 mg) and adult female weight (128 ± 0.0 mg) compared with natural hosts. Cotton was the least preferred host with a longer life cycle of 49.5 ± 0.50 days. Head capsule width and length were measured and the growth rate was validated using Dyar's rule. The mean width and length of the head capsule of first‐instar larvae of FAW on different hosts was 0.35 ± 0.00 mm. The maximum width (2.76 ± 0.03 mm) and length (2.31 ± 0.03 mm) were observed in sixth‐instar larvae grown on diet.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study will be instrumental in understanding and formulating management strategies for FAW.