bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Family Planning Among Married Women at Ngo Supported and Non-supported Districts in Bati Woreda Oromia Special Zone Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Abebaw Nigusie , Girma Natnael , Berhanu Wosensew , Tefera Zenebe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Good quality of family planning service helps individuals and couples meet their reproductive health needs safely and effectively. This study may provide important information to family planning providers, policy makers, and program managers to improve quality of family planning service.Objective: To assess quality of family planning among married women at NGO supported and non-supported in Bati Woreda Oromia special zone Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021.Method: Institutional based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted during study period. Data was collected from March 1-30/2021 by using 344 sample size . Data were entered to Epi Data 4.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with 95%Confidence interval was used to measure association variable with p-value <0.05 Result: 344 participants were enrolled to this study making the response rate of 100 %.This finding showed that , 63.3% were supported and 58.1% non-supported by NGO. The mean age was 36 SD + 6.17 years old with range between 23-49 years. Contraceptive users who are supported by NGO [95% CI, 2.17(1.19-6.13)],Short waiting time [95% CI, 1.276(0.54-2.99)], Availability of different choice, [95% CI, 0.3(0.12-0.71)], Good counseling, [95% CI, 0.04(0.0-0.0043)] and Keeping privacy for contraceptive users[95% CI,0.21(0.08-0.48)] were significantly associated with the dependent variable. Conclusion: Supported status, waiting time availability of method, provider good service and Clear and satisfactory counseling were the most determinant factor for the dependent variable. Therefore all health care provider give clear and precise about contraceptive method .
Differential expression of immune-regulatory proteins C5AR1, CLEC4A and NLRP3 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Pakvisal Nussara , Kongkavitoon Pornrat , Sathitruangsak Chirawadee , Pornpatrananrak Nopporn , Boonsirikamchai Piyaporn , Ouwongprayoon Pongsakorn , Aporntewan Chatchawit , Chantranuwat Poonchavist , Mutirangura Apiwat , Vinayanuwattikun Chanida 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Changes in gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) appear to represent the host’s response to the cancer cells via paracrine signaling. We speculated that protein expression on circulating T-lymphocytes represent T-lymphocyte trafficking before infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. The possibility of using protein expression on circulating T-lymphocytes as a biomarker to discriminate early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was explored in this study.Methods: Four independent PBMC gene expression microarray datasets (GSE12771, GSE13255, GSE20189 and GSE3934) were analyzed. We selected C5AR1, CLEC4A and NLRP3 based on their significant protein expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but not in normal lymphoid tissue. A validation study using automated flow cytometry was conducted in 141 study participants including 76 treatment-naive early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC), 12 individuals with non-malignant pulmonary diseases, and 53 healthy individuals. Results: Median ratios of C5AR1, CLEC4A and NLRP3 specific antibody staining to CD3 positive cells in early-stage NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls were 0.014 [0-0.37] vs. 0.01 [0-0.07, p=0.13], 0.03 [0-0.87] vs. 0.02 [0-0.13, p=0.10] and 0.19 [0-0.60] vs. 0.09 [0.02-0.31, p<0.0001], respectively. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD3+C5AR1+, CD3+CLEC4A+ and CD3+NLRP3+ expression in early-stage NSCLC patients compared to healthy volunteers was 185 [64.2-4801] vs. 107.5 [27-229, p<0.0001], 91.2 [42.4-2355] vs. 71.25 [46.2-103, p=0.0005], and 1585 [478-5224] vs. 758.5 [318-1976, p<0.0001], respectively. NLRP3:CD3 ratio, CD3+C5AR1+, CD3+CLEC4A+ and CD3+NLRP3+ MFI were significantly higher in early-stage NSCLC than healthy volunteers with an area under the ROC curve of 0.69-0.76. The CD3+NLRP3+ MFI provided the most distinguishable expression at 71.5% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Furthermore, CD3+NLRP3+ MFI potentially discriminated between early-stage NSCLC from malignant-mimic inflammation and infection pulmonary disease.Conclusions: Our proof-of-principle findings strengthen the hypothesis that malignancies generate distinctive protein expression fingerprints on circulating T-lymphocytes.
Shared and Distinct Factors Underlying In-Hospital Mobility of Older Adults in Israel and Denmark (97/100)
Authors: Zisberg Anna , Shadmi Efrat , Andersen Ove , Shulyaev Ksenya , Petersen Janne , Agmon Maayan , Gil Efrat , Gur-Yaish Nurit , Pedersen Mette Merete 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Low in-hospital mobility is widely acknowledged as a major risk factor in acquiring hospital-associated disabilities. Various predictors of in-hospital mobility limitations have been proposed across studies, however, it is unknown whether similar risk factors are associated with in-hospital mobility across countries, given different mobility measurement methods, variations in measurement of predictors, and differences in populations studied. The study was a secondary analysis of data investigated the relationship between in-hospital mobility and a set of similar risk factors in older adults who were independently mobile prior to hospitalization in acute care settings in Israel (N=206) and Denmark (N=113). In Israel, mobility was measured via ActiGraph GT9X and in Denmark by ActivPal3 up to seven hospital days. Results: Higher level of community mobility prior to hospitalization and higher mobility ability status on admission were common predictors of a higher number of in-hospital steps, whereas longer length of hospital stay was significantly correlated with a lower number in both samples. Risk of malnutrition on admission was correlated with a lower number of steps, but only in the Israeli sample. Despite different measurement methods, older adults’ low in-hospital mobility has similar risk factors in Israel and Denmark: pre-hospitalization mobility and admission mobility ability.
Trends, pattern &amp; socio demographic factors associated with use of contraceptive among adolescent girls in India: Descriptive analysis of four NFHS surveys
Authors: Bawa Mukesh Suresh , Thatkar Pandurang Vithal , Desale Atul Vilas , Chavan Rahul Bhagchand , Pandve Harshal Tukaram 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
About half of pregnancies among adolescent women aged 15–19 living in developing regions are unintended, and more than half of these end in abortion, often under unsafe conditions. Evidence shows low contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among adolescent females aged 15–19 years in low income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns, trends and factors associated with contraceptive use among adolescents in India over the period 1992 to 2016.
Methods
This study involved an analysis of cross-sectional data from four National Family Health Survey (NFHS 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06 and 2015-16). A descriptive analysis was conducted and results were presented as proportions. Appropriate statistical tests were used to test the significance of association between the outcome and explanatory variables and multilevel logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of contraceptive use.
Results
The current contraceptive use among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years was found to be 7.06%, 7.57%, 2.83% and 1.87% during NFHS 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06 and 2015-16 surveys respectively.
Conclusions
Over the period of four NFHS surveys, the current contraceptive use shows declining trend while use of modern contraceptive methods is improving among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years.
Altered spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Bai Di , Ma Chi , Wang Chengjian , Zhou Tong , Wang Jiachen , Bi Yuzhen , Ren Yande 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Neurological complications occurs frequently in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the neuropathological mechanisms of which remains unclear. This study investigated changes in local neuronal functional activity in ESRD patients using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) algorithms based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and analysed associations between spontaneous brain activity changes and blood biochemical indices. Methods: Thirty-six patients with ESRD and Thirty-two healthy controls were scanned with rs-fMRI to calculate ReHo values across the whole brain. Brain areas with altered ReHo values were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for FC analysis, which was used to explore the functional integration between ROIs. Independent sample t tests were used for comparison between groups, and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used for the correlation between altered ReHo values and clinical data. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, ESRD patients showed increased ReHo in the left temporal pole (TPO), right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (ORBinf) and bilateral rectus gyrus (REC) (P<0.01, AlphaSim corrected), while the ReHo values in the bilateral calcarine sulcus (CAL), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) were significantly decreased (P<0.01). ESRD patients showed decreased FC between the right CAL and both the left IFG and right SMG (P<0.01). We also found decreased FC between the right SMG and right STG. Correlation analyses showed that ReHo values in the right CAL were positively correlated with haemoglobin levels (r=0.347, P=0.048) and haematocrit (r=0.357, P=0.041). Conclusion: ESRD patients had dyssynchrony in local functional activities in several brain regions, mainly involving the default mode network (DMN), and dyssynchrony in local and remote brain activities in the IFG-CAL-SMG-STG circuit, which may contribute to further understanding of the neuropathological mechanism of brain injury in patients with ESRD.
ConFlow: Contrast Network Flow Improving Class-Imbalanced Learning in Network Intrusion Detection
Authors: Liu Lan , Wang Pengcheng , Ruan Jianliang , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In today's cyberspace, network traffic is more massive, complex, and multi-dimensional than ever before. In order to capture malicious network attacks, a machine learning-based network intrusion detection system (NIDS) has become the mainstream method. However, there are still high false-positive and false-negative rates, which cannot guarantee detection accuracy. On the one hand, normal behaviour dominates the Internet, and network traffic presents uneven distribution. On the other hand, the goal of machine learning algorithms is usually to obtain the highest overall accuracy without considering class-imbalanced. It is difficult for the model to learn good performance from a few attack examples. Training the model with an imbalanced data distribution often leads to severe overfitting and severely damages the model's generalization ability. To improve class-imbalanced learning in network intrusion detection, it is necessary to capture the similarities between samples in different classes and compare them with samples in other classes. Based on this, we propose ConFlow, a supervised contrastive learning method for network intrusion detection. First, we design a feature extraction encoder for bidirectional network flow, and add GELU, LayerNorm, and Skip-connection units to the MLP framework, which can enhance the representation ability of the neural network. Then, we use the dropout layer's randomness in the encoder for data augmentation, and different vector representations can be obtained by feeding the same network flow into the encoder twice. Lastly, through the weighted supervised contrastive loss and cross-entropy loss in the training phase. The ConFlow method can improve class-imbalanced learning and does not need the two stages of pre-training and fine-tuning, which can further mine maliciously attacks hidden under normal traffic. The experimental results on the ISCX-IDS2012 and CSE-CIC-IDS2017 datasets show that the ConFlow outperforms other works, and the performance improvement on few-shot learning and robustness test is more significant. The reference PyTorch code is released at https://github.com/AshinWang/ConFlow.
The contribution of mate-choice, couple convergence and confounding to assortative mating
Authors: Sjaarda Jennifer , Kutalik Zoltan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increased phenotypic similarity between partners, termed assortative mating (AM), has been observed for many traits. However, it is currently unclear if these observations are due to mate choice for certain phenotypes, post-mating convergence, or a result of confounding factors such as shared environment or indirect assortment. To dissect these underlying phenomena, we applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) to 51,664 couples in the UK biobank to a panel of 118 phenotypes under AM. We found that 54% (64 of 118) of the tested traits had a causal relationship between partners, with female-to-male effects on average being larger. Forty traits, including systolic blood pressure, basal metabolic rate, weight and height, showed significantly larger phenotypic correlation than MR-estimates, suggesting the presence of confounders. Subsequent analyses revealed household income, overall health rating, education and tobacco smoking as major overall confounders, accounting for 29.8, 14.1, 11.6, and 4.78%, of cross-partner phenotypic correlations, respectively. We detected limited evidence for couple-correlation convergence (e.g. increased similarity with respect to smoking and medication use), measured by stratifying couples by their time spent together. Finally, mediation analysis revealed that the vast majority (> 77%) of causal associations between one trait of an individual and a different trait of their partner is indirect. For example, the causal effect of the BMI of an individual on the overall health rating of their partner is entirely acting through the BMI of their partner. In summary, this study revealed many novel causal effects within couples, shedding light on the impact of confounding on couple phenotypic similarity.
Data Fusion based on Big Data Techniques in Intrusion Detection Context
Authors: Jemili Farah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Intrusion detection is seen as the most promising way for computer security. It is used to protect computer networks against different types of attacks. The major problem in the literature is the data classification problem in two main classes: normal or intrusive. To solve this problem, several approaches have been proposed but the problem of false alarms is still present. To provide a solution to this problem we have proposed a new intrusion detection approach based on Big data techniques. The objective of this work is to present an approach of data fusion using Big Data techniques in order to detect intrusions. This article presents how to merge two or more intrusion detection datasets using the Hadoop ecosystem and Neo4j graph database. The main objective of this paper is to build one dataset which combines various datasets and contains all the attack types. This research consists in merging the heterogeneous datasets and removing redundancy information using Hadoop and Neo4j. In final step fuzzy decision tree algorithm is implemented for learning. This algorithm is called SSDM (Semantically Similar Data Miner), it is to classify the data detected in intrusive or normal classes and uses fuzzy logic whose purpose is to generate association rules between the different elements extracted from the database. The K2 algorithm is also implemented in order to learn from data and detect intrusions. Experimentation results prove that data fusion contributes to have better results in terms of detection rates and false positives.
PHGDH as a Prognostic-Related Biomarker in Endometrial Carcinoma Correlating with Immune Infiltrates
Authors: Zhang He , Kong Weimin , Chen Shuning , Zhao Xiaoling , Luo Dan , Xie Yunkai , Zhang Heng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: PHGDH (Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase) is the first branch enzyme in the serine biosynthetic pathway and plays a vital role in several cancers. However, little is known about the clinical significance of PHGDH in endometrial cancer.Methods: Clinicopathological data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). First, the expression of PHGDH in pan-cancer and its expression and prognostic value in endometrial cancer were investigated. The effect of PHGDH expression on the prognosis of endometrial cancer was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter and Cox regression. The relationship between PHGDH expression and clinical features of endometrial cancer was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomograms were established. Possible cellular mechanisms were explored using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, the Gene Ontology (GO), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Finally, TIMER and CIBERSORT were used to analyze the relationship between PHGDH expression and immune infiltration. CellMinerTM was used to analyze the drug sensitivity of PHGDH.Results: The results showed that PHGDH expression was significantly higher in endometrial cancer tissues than in normal tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients in the high expression group had shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than patients in the low PHGDH expression group. Multifactorial COX regression analysis further supported that high PHGDH expression was an independent risk factor associated with prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer. The results showed estrogen response, mTOR, K-RAS, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) were differentially elevated in the high-expression group of the PHGDH group. CIBERSORT analysis showed that PHGDH expression is related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells. When PHGDH is highly expressed, the number of CD8+T cells decreases.Conclusions: PHGDH plays a vital role in the development of endometrial cancer, which is related to tumor immune infiltration, and can be used as an independent diagnostic and prognostic marker for endometrial cancer.
The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of PTSD after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study
Authors: Li Chunyong , Luo Gaoquan , Chen Zhuang , Jiang Che 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease that can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study we compared 11 post-SAH PTSD patients with equal number of gender-matched SAH patients without PTSD. Methods: We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to detect the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of whole brains. Results: Compared with the control group, ALFFs in the PTSD group increased significantly in the left amygdala, left anterior cingulate gyrus, right insular lobe and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) after SAH, but decreased significantly in bilateral lingual gyrus. Conclusions: In our limited experience, post-SAH PTSD may have specific rs-fMRI features that are different from PTSD caused by exogenous traumatic events. However, we should be cautious due to the relatively small sample size of this preliminary study. The results may be helpful for the classification of PTSD and lay the foundation for the design of treatment strategy in the future.
A 10 cm spatial resolution distributed acoustic sensor based on ultra low-loss enhanced backscattering fibre
Authors: Masoudi Ali , Snook James H. , Lee Timothy , Beresna Martynas , Brambilla Gilberto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) with 10 cm spatial resolution is demonstrated. Such a high resolution is achieved by employing an ultra low-loss enhanced backscattering (ULEB) fibre as a sensing element. A conventional DAS system is modified to interrogate the ULEB fibre comprised of 50 discrete reflectors with an average reflectance of −56 dB. The sensing arrangement exhibits a phase noise of 1.9 nε/ √ Hz over 1 km sensing range.
First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Dientamoeba fragilis in Cattle
Authors: YILDIZ İbrahim , AYNUR Zeynep ERDEM 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis is a flagellated protozoan with amoeba-like morphology that inhabits the human gastrointestinal tract. It is endemic in a vast geography around the world, including developed countries. There are limited studies on non-human hosts of the parasite, and suitable hosts have not been clarified. The parasite has been detected in non-human primates, pigs, cats, dogs, and rats. There is no study in the literature investigating and detecting the presence of this parasite in cattle.In the present study, stool samples taken from 128 different cattle and calves from 11 different farms between March 2017 and February 2020 were examined for the detection of D. fragilis via PCR. The isolates with the expected amplicon size were sequenced using the 18S ribosomal RNA region, and their genotypes were determined by BLAST analysis. Sequences were analyzed with the most similar and reference sequences in the literature, forming a phylogenetic tree.We detected D. fragilis in 26 (20.31%) of the 128 stool samples. All PCR products selected for molecular analysis from positive samples had the same nucleotide sequence. As a result of BLAST analysis, all sequences were determined to belong to D. fragilis genotype 1.This study determined for the first time that cattle are suitable hosts for D. fragilis. Furthermore, the parasite subtype we detected belongs to genotype 1, which is the most common type in humans, suggesting that the parasite may have a zoonotic character. Our result is important in terms of the epidemiology of the parasite, as the mode of transmission is controversial, and available data on its natural hosts are limited.