bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Clinicians Judge Fluency in Aphasia?
Authors: Gordon Jean K. , Clough Sharice 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Aphasia fluency is multiply determined by underlying impairments in lexical retrieval, grammatical formulation, and speech production. This poses challenges for establishing a reliable and feasible tool to measure fluency in the clinic. We examine the reliability and validity of perceptual ratings and clinical perspectives on the utility and relevance of methods used to assess fluency.

Method:
In an online survey, 112 speech-language pathologists rated spontaneous speech samples from 181 people with aphasia (PwA) on eight perceptual rating scales (overall fluency, speech rate, pausing, effort, melody, phrase length, grammaticality, and lexical retrieval) and answered questions about their current practices for assessing fluency in the clinic.

Results:
Interrater reliability for the eight perceptual rating scales ranged from fair to good. The most reliable scales were speech rate, pausing, and phrase length. Similarly, clinicians' perceived fluency ratings were most strongly correlated to objective measures of speech rate and utterance length but were also related to grammatical complexity, lexical diversity, and phonological errors. Clinicians' ratings reflected expected aphasia subtype patterns: Individuals with Broca's and transcortical motor aphasia were rated below average on fluency, whereas those with anomic, conduction, and Wernicke's aphasia were rated above average. Most respondents reported using multiple methods in the clinic to measure fluency but relying most frequently on subjective judgments.

Conclusions:
This study lends support for the use of perceptual rating scales as valid assessments of speech-language production but highlights the need for a more reliable method for clinical use. We describe next steps for developing such a tool that is clinically feasible and helps to identify the underlying deficits disrupting fluency to inform treatment targets.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19326419
CT Planning prior to Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)
Authors: Seitz Patrick , Gutberlet Matthias , Heiser Linda , Gohmann Robin F. , Noack Thilo , Renatus Katharina , Lurz Philipp , Thiele Holger 
Published: March 2022

Background Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is a treatment option for patients with therapy refractory high-grade mitral valve regurgitation and a high perioperative risk.During TMVR, the mitral annulus cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, comprehensive pre-interventional planning and a precise visualization of the patient’s specific mitral valve anatomy, outflow tract anatomy and projected anchoring of the device are necessary.Aim of this review-article is, to assess the role of pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) for TMVR-planning
Methods Screening and evaluation of relevant guidelines (European Society of Cardiology [ESC], American Heart Association [AHA/ACC]), meta-analyses and original research using the search terms “TVMR” or “TMVI” and “CT”. In addition to this, the authors included insight from their own clinical experience.
Results CT allows for accurate measurement of the mitral annulus with high special and adequate temporal resolution in all cardiac phases. Therefore, CT represents a valuable method for accurate prosthesis-sizing.In addition to that, CT can provide information about the valvular- and outflow-tract-anatomy, mitral valve calcifications, configuration of the papillary muscles and of the left ventricle. Additionally, the interventional access-route may concomitantly be visualized.
Conclusion CT plays, in addition to echocardiographic imaging, a central role in pre-interventional assessment prior to TMVR. Especially the precise depiction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) provides relevant additional information, which is very difficult or not possible to be acquired in their entirety with other imaging modalities.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Combined Model of Quantitative Evaluation of Chest Computed Tomography and Laboratory Values for Assessing the Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Scharf Gregor , Meiler Stefanie , Zeman Florian , Schaible Jan , Poschenrieder Florian , Knobloch Charlotte , Kleine Henning , Scharf Sophie Elisabeth , Dinkel Julien , Stroszczynski Christian , Zorger Niels , Hamer Okka Wilkea 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To assess the prognostic power of quantitative analysis of chest CT, laboratory values, and their combination in COVID-19 pneumonia.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and chest CT performed between March 07 and November 13, 2020. Volume and percentage (PO) of lung opacifications and mean HU of the whole lung were quantified using prototype software. 13 laboratory values were collected. Negative outcome was defined as death, ICU admittance, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Positive outcome was defined as care in the regular ward or discharge. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of CT parameters and laboratory values. Independent predictors were combined to establish a scoring system for prediction of prognosis. This score was validated on a separate validation cohort.
Results 89 patients were included for model development between March 07 and April 27, 2020 (mean age: 60.3 years). 38 patients experienced a negative outcome. In univariate regression analysis, all quantitative CT parameters as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), relative lymphocyte count (RLC), troponin, and LDH were associated with a negative outcome. In a multivariate regression analysis, PO, CRP, and RLC were independent predictors of a negative outcome. Combination of these three values showed a strong predictive value with a C-index of 0.87. A scoring system was established which categorized patients into 4 groups with a risk of 7 %, 30 %, 67 %, or 100 % for a negative outcome. The validation cohort consisted of 28 patients between May 5 and November 13, 2020. A negative outcome occurred in 6 % of patients with a score of 0, 50 % with a score of 1, and 100 % with a score of 2 or 3.
Conclusion The combination of PO, CRP, and RLC showed a high predictive value for a negative outcome. A 4-point scoring system based on these findings allows easy risk stratification in the clinical routine and performed exceptionally in the validation cohort.
Key Points:
Citation Format
A deep learning-based system for real-time image reporting during esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a multicenter study
Authors: Dong Zehua , Wu Lianlian , Mu Ganggang , Zhou Wei , Li Yanxia , Shi Zhaohong , Tian Xia , Liu Song , Zhu Qingxi , Shang Renduo , Zhang Mengjiao , Zhang Lihui , Xu Ming , Zhu Yijie , Tao Xiao , Chen Tingting , Li Xun , Zhang Chenxia , He Xinqi , Wang Jing , Luo Renquan , Du Hongliu , Bai Yutong , Ye Liping , Yu Honggang 
Published: March 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic reports are essential for the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to construct an intelligent system for automatic photo documentation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and test its utility in clinical practice.
Patients and methods Seven convolutional neural networks trained and tested using 210,198 images were integrated to construct the endoscopic automatic image reporting system (EAIRS). We tested its performance through man-machine comparison at three levels: internal, external, and prospective test. Between May 2021 and June 2021, patients undergoing EGD at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited. The primary outcomes were accuracy for capturing anatomical landmarks, completeness for capturing anatomical landmarks, and detected lesions.
Results The EAIRS outperformed endoscopists in retrospective internal and external test. A total of 161 consecutive patients were enrolled in the prospective test. The EAIRS achieved an accuracy of 95.2% in capturing anatomical landmarks in the prospective test. It also achieved higher completeness on capturing anatomical landmarks compared with endoscopists: (93.1% vs. 88.8%), and was comparable to endoscopists on capturing detected lesions: (99.0% vs. 98.0%).
Conclusions The EAIRS can generate qualified image reports and could be a powerful tool for generating endoscopic reports in clinical practice.
Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy: A Prospective Italian Cohort Study
Authors: Costa Simonetta , Giordano Lucia , Bottoni Anthea , Tiberi Eloisa , Fattore Simona , Pastorino Roberta , Simone Nicoletta Di , Lanzone Antonio , Buonsenso Danilo , Valentini Piero , Cattani Paola , Santangelo Rosaria , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Scambia Giovanni , Vento Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

Objective The extent of vertical transmission (VT) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from mothers their fetuses or neonates is still uncertain. We aimed to determine the incidence of VT.
Study Design In this prospective cohort study. All mother diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of delivery or up to 1 week prior and their neonates, managed in a tertiary referral hospital for pregnancy complicated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rome, from April 2 to December 22, 2020, were included. Maternal infection was defined as nasopharyngeal swab test results positive for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Biological samples were collected before, at, and after delivery to test positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.
Results The cohort included 95 women and 96 neonates with documented SARS-CoV-2 test results. Four neonates (4.2%) tested positive. The incidence of VT, according to the guidance criteria for diagnosing perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, was 5.2%. Neonatal symptoms were due to prematurity or fetal distress: symptomatic infants had lower median (min–max) gestational age, 38.1 (29.3–40.6) versus 39.3 (33.9–41.9) weeks (p = 0.036), and 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores, 9 (3–9) versus 9 (7–10) (p = 0.036) and 10 (6–10) versus 10 (8–10) (p = 0.012), respectively, than asymptomatic infants and needed more frequent assistance in the delivery room (22.2 vs 2.5%; p = 0.008). Only six (7.1%) neonates had anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, despite the ongoing maternal infection.
Conclusion The incidence of VT is low as is the detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cord blood when infection is contracted late in pregnancy. This would suggest poor protection of infants against horizontal transmission of the virus.
Key Points
Growth Differentiation Factor-15, High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T, and N-Terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Predicting Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Roy Danielle Carole , Wang Tzu-Fei , Mallick Ranjeeta , Carrier Marc , Mollanji Eisi , Liu Peter , Zhang Liyong , Hawken Steven , Wells Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in noncancer patients. However, the performance of these biomarkers in cancer patients is unknown. Our objective was to assess performance of these biomarkers in predicting VTE in cancer patients at intermediate to high risk for VTE (Khorana Score ≥ 2). We used 1-month plasma samples from AVERT trial patients to determine if GDF-15, NT-proBNP, and hs-TnT levels are associated with VTE incidence between 1 and 7 months from the start of chemotherapy. The minimal Euclidean distance of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to derive optimal cut-offs for GDF-15 and NT-proBNP given there was no evidence of a commonly used cut-off. Logistic and Fine and Gray competing risk regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and subdistribution hazard ratios, respectively, while adjusting for age, sex, anticoagulation, and antiplatelet therapy. We tested in two groups: all patients (n = 476, Model 1) and all patients with nonprimary brain cancers (n = 454, Model 2). In models 1 and 2, GDF-15 ≥2,290.9 pg/mL had adjusted ORs for VTE of 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–3.08), and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.28–4.09), respectively. hs-TnT ≥14.0 pg/mL was associated with higher odds of VTE in models 1 and 2 (adjusted ORs: 2.26 [95% CI: 1.40–3.65] and 2.03 [95% CI: 1.07–3.84], respectively). For NT-proBNP, levels ≥183.5 pg/mL were not associated with VTE. Similar results were observed in the Fine and Gray analysis. Our results indicate that increased GDF-15 and hs-TnT levels predicted increased VTE risk.
An Ethnographic-Discourse Analysis of the Socio-political Effects of Interaction Between Cash Transfer Programme Authorities, Caregivers and Non-beneficiaries
Authors: Puorideme Dennis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies of cash transfer programmes in developing countries have demonstrated the quantitative income effects of these programmes with few studies reporting the socio-political outcomes regarding cohesive social relations. Thus, there is paucity of studies in the field of social protection about the nexus of cash transfer programmes and social cohesion. Do the actions, interactions, practices of cash transfer programme officials, caregivers, and non-beneficiary community members promote cohesive social relations in a specific socio-political context? This study combines ethnographic methods with discourse analysis to investigate the socio-political effects of the actions of Ghana’s LEAP cash transfer programme community focal persons, caregivers, and non-beneficiary community members on cohesive social relations. This study demonstrates that the LEAP cash transfer programme’s targeting, enumeration and enrolment practice produces negative social relations and undermines trust between caregivers and non-beneficiary community members, and between community focal persons and non-beneficiary community members. Thus, this study contributes to an improved understanding of cash transfer programmes’ socio-political outcomes in relation to social cohesion for a better development policymaking and implementation.
Resonant-type rotating piezoelectric motor with inchworm–inertia composite impact
Authors: He Liangguo , Dou Haotian , Ge Xinfang , Li Xinyu , Gao Guangjie 
Published: March 2022

A resonant-type rotating piezoelectric motor with inchworm–inertia composite impact was designed and manufactured. It mainly comprises a stator, rotor, support shaft, and frame. The motor stator includes a clamp, driver, central connecting block, preload structure, and other auxiliary mechanisms. The clamp and driver of the motor work in a resonant state. The motor structure was optimized by using the finite element software COMSOL 5.2. Through the finite element simulation analysis, the first-order bending vibration of the clamp and the driver was selected as the working mode, and the consistency of the resonance frequency coupling was optimized and adjusted. By coordinating the bending vibration of the clamp and driver in the vertical staggered direction, the clamping foot drives the rotor to realize the unidirectional continuous rotation. The motor prototype was designed and processed, while the experimental device platform was established to verify the working principle of the motor, and the comprehensive performance of the motor was analyzed and tested. When the input driving voltage was 240 VP–P, the driving frequency was 161 Hz, and the preload torque of the motor was 6.9 N mm, the maximum no-load speed of the motor reached 3.23 rad/s and the maximum load torque reached 10.35 N mm. Under the same conditions, the maximum resolution of the motor rotation angle was 0.69°.
Using single-cell models to predict the functionality of synthetic circuits at the population scale
Authors: Aditya Chetan , Bertaux François , Batt Gregory , Ruess Jakob 
Published: March 2022

Significance
At the single-cell level, biochemical processes are inherently stochastic. For many natural systems, the resulting cell-to-cell variability is exploited by microbial populations. In synthetic biology, however, the interplay of cell-to-cell variability and population processes such as selection or growth often leads to circuits not functioning as predicted by simple models. Here we show how multiscale stochastic kinetic models that simultaneously track single-cell and population processes can be obtained based on an augmentation of the chemical master equation. These models enable us to quantitatively predict complex population dynamics of a yeast optogenetic differentiation system from a specification of the circuit’s components and to demonstrate how cell-to-cell variability can be exploited to purposefully create unintuitive circuit functionality.
The interplay of environmental luminance and genetics in the retinal dystrophy induced by the dominant RPE65 mutation
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Takahashi Yusuke , Shin Henry Younghwa , Ma Xiang , Moiseyev Gennadiy , Ma Jian-Xing 
Published: March 2022

Significance
In humans, genetic mutations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) 65 are associated with blinding diseases, for which there is no effective therapy alleviating progressive retinal degeneration in affected patients. Our findings uncovered that the increased free opsin caused by enhancing the ambient light intensity increased retinal activation, and when compounded with the RPE visual cycle dysfunction caused by the heterozygous D477G mutation and aggregation, led to the onset of retinal degeneration.
Crystal structures of YeiE fromCronobacter sakazakiiand the role of sulfite tolerance in gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Hong Seokho , Kim Jinshil , Cho Eunshin , Na Soohui , Yoo Yeon-Ji , Cho You-Hee , Ryu Sangryeol , Ha Nam-Chul 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceYeiE has been identified as a master virulence factor ofCronobacter sakazakii. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the regulatory domain of YeiE in complex with its physiological ligand sulfite ion (SO32−). The structure provides the basis for the molecular mechanisms for sulfite sensing and the ligand-dependent conformational changes of the regulatory domain. The genes under the control of YeiE in response to sulfite were investigated to reveal the functional roles of YeiE in the sulfite tolerance of the bacteria. We propose the molecular mechanism underlying the ability of gram-negative pathogens to defend against the innate immune response involving sulfite, thus providing a strategy to control the pathogenesis of bacteria.
Ferroptosis regulation by the NGLY1/NFE2L1 pathway
Authors: Forcina Giovanni C. , Pope Lauren , Murray Magdalena , Dong Wentao , Abu-Remaileh Monther , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Dixon Scott J. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Ferroptosis is an oxidative form of cell death whose biochemical regulation remains incompletely understood. Cap’n’collar (CNC) transcription factors including nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 1 (NFE2L1/NRF1) and NFE2L2/NRF2 can both regulate oxidative stress pathways but are each regulated in a distinct manner, and whether these two transcription factors can regulate ferroptosis independent of one another is unclear. We find that NFE2L1 can promote ferroptosis resistance, independent of NFE2L2, by maintaining the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key protein that prevents lethal lipid peroxidation. NFE2L2 can also promote ferroptosis resistance but does so through a distinct mechanism that appears independent of GPX4 protein expression. These results suggest that NFE2L1 and NFE2L2 independently regulate ferroptosis.
Had the Neogrammarians spoken Wolof or Basaa…
Authors: Pablé Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this response article to Emmanuel Ngué Um’s piece published in Language, Culture and Society,
I examine Ngué Um’s thesis that structural linguistics has no reality in the African context, which he presents in the form of a
critique of Saussure and Western linguistics. Ngué Um imagines Saussure as a (native) speaker of an African language, who would have
refrained from theorizing languages the way he did, namely as theoretical fictions, if only he had received a formation in linguistic anthropology.
Against this, I argue that we must assess Saussurean thinking as part of the history of linguistics, i.e., in its proper
historical context, and acknowledge that linguistics as we know it is the product of Western metaphysics. Saussure just carried
forward the intellectual legacy of which he was a product. Ngué Um wishes to adapt Saussurean linguistics to the contemporary
linguistic world and make it a fit for the postcolonial and posthuman paradigms. However, the notions of langue
and parole have a precise function in Saussure’s theorizing, and it is questionable whether a
decolonial linguistics should approach the African linguistic experience based on any of the Western
metaphysical concepts. Doing so will, arguably, lead to a watered-down version of metaphysics and to a not fully emancipated southern
linguistic theory.
Asymmetric electoral authoritarianism? The case of the 2021 elections in Ethiopia
Authors: Lyons Terrence , Verjee Aly 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY
Ethiopia’s 2021 elections have been overshadowed by the brutal civil war that has raged since November 2020. The elections may not have been competitive but they reveal important dynamics about institutions and the competition for power in Africa’s second most populous state. These were the first elections under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018 insisting that legitimacy comes through elections. By 2021, however, repression and boycotts resulted in the ruling party winning 97% of the seats where voting took place. Beneath this national result were patterns of asymmetric electoral authoritarianism. Some regions experienced heavy-handed political domination and voting with only the ruling party competing. Others had circumscribed political space and opportunities for the opposition to win votes. Local dynamics challenge assessments that only look at the national outcome, missing important differences between types of electoral authoritarianism.
A Dental Perspective on the Successes and Limitations of the Disaster Victim Identification Response to the Nepal Earthquake
Authors: Dahal Samarika , Chaudhary Gopal Kumar , Maharjan Mani Raj , Walung Eugen Dolma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article describes the forensic odontological analysis of the events of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. It identifies the problems encountered in the aftermath, lessons learned, and prospective future advances aimed at reducing the subjectivity in disaster victim identification (DVI). During a crisis, dental practitioners, particularly forensic odontologists, can make a substantial contribution to DVI, as highlighted in this article. It also promotes best practices in forensic dentistry that may be used by anyone in situations with few resources or people to deal with comparable scenarios. Key PointsForensic odontologists recruited during the Nepal earthquake discuss their first-hand experience during the operation.The unique operation experience prepared them well to develop a protocol to effectively and efficiently identify an individual during such mass disasters.