bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Line care governs our entire world”: Understanding the experience of caregivers of children with intestinal failure receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition
Authors: Belza Christina , Patterson Catherine , Ghent Emily , Avitzur Yaron , Ungar Wendy J. , Fehlings Darcy , Stremler Robyn , Wales Paul W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intestinal failure (IF) receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) require significant medical care, including high‐risk procedures such as accessing a central venous catheter, with the majority provided by family caregivers in the home. This study sought to understand the experiences of family caregivers.MethodsThis was a qualitative study of family caregivers of children with IF. Participants were recruited from an intestinal rehabilitation program to participate in virtual focus groups, which were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to capture and describe experiences.ResultsThirteen caregivers providing care to 11 children participated in three virtual focus groups held between May and June 2020. Data analysis revealed five primary themes: (1) caregiving as a 24/7 commitment, (2) facing constant risk of death, (3) chronic illness creates difficult feelings and emotions, (4) effects on all aspects of family life, and (5) adapting and functioning as a family. The findings of this study pair well with the biopsychosocial model highlighting the need for multifaceted assessment and supports.ConclusionThe impact of caring for a child with IF receiving long‐term PN is significant for caregivers and their families and has implications for all aspects of their lives. A better understanding of the impact on caregivers and their coping strategies lays the groundwork for the optimization of quality of life for caregivers and their family.
Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis
Authors: Ortiz Maria Soledad , Alvarado Jose Gregorio , Zambrano Franklin , Marquez Ronald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work reviews the use of carbohydrates and their derivatives as renewable raw materials in the production of surfactants. Methods to attain state‐of‐the‐art carbohydrate‐derived surfactants are described. This includes surfactants widely used nowadays and others that have not yet transcended beyond the academic field. Given the abundance of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates and the considerable quantity of different surfactant structures that can be generated during their synthesis, selectively obtaining a target product represents a challenge. Therefore, this work focuses on the platform chemicals available to synthesize biobased surfactants. The first part of the review comprises a brief introduction of simple and complex carbohydrates to better understand their chemistry. Then, a description of the processes to obtain biobased building blocks derived from carbohydrates according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), and their usefulness in synthesizing surfactants is presented. This provides an organized inventory of the knowledge around the synthesis–production of surfactants from carbohydrate derivatives, emphasizing raw materials that could be inserted into the circular bioeconomy concept. Finally, the current industry trends and the potential role of biobased surfactants around new dioxane regulations are discussed.
Toxicity effects of aged refuse on Tagetes patula and rhizosphere microbes
Authors: Hou Fen , Du Junjie , Bi Xu , Yuan Ye , Wu Xihui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAged refuse, also named mineralized refuse, refers to garbage that has been buried in landfills for many years, has basically stabilized and can be mined and utilized. In this study, we examined the effects of different mass ratios of aged refuse on Tagetes patula and rhizosphere microbes. Compared to growth in ordinary soil, growth in aged refuse or mixed soil with aged refuse significantly increased chlorophyll content, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, while it decreased malondialdehyde levels and protein carbonyl content in leaf tissue of Tagetes patula. Aged refuse was found to be enriched in a variety of rhizosphere microbes that contribute to pollutant degradation, although microbial diversity was found to be relatively low. Bacterial genera such as Ferruginibacter, Hymenobacter, unclassified_Gemmataceae, Longimicrobium, Tychonema CCAP 1459‐11B, Gemmatirosa, and Rubellimicrobium were depleted in soil: aged refuse groups compared with ordinary soil. Correspondingly, bacterial genera such as Emticicia, Caedibacter, Anaerosalibacter, Tumebacillus, Patulibacter, Oceanotoga, Dyadobacter, Chloroflexus, and Acidobacteria bacterium SCN 69–37, Polycyclovorans, were enriched in soil: aged refuse groups compared with ordinary soil. Furthermore, rhizosphere microbe functions changed markedly following the addition of aged refuse. These findings indicate that aged refuse may represent a source of environmental stress for plants and modifies the dominant bacterial composition of rhizosphere microbes. There were underlying close associations among pollutants, plant physiological stress responses, and rhizosphere microbial community composition. With respect to identifying potential approaches to recycling aged refuse, it will be necessary to focus on selecting optimal mass ratios of aged refuse and ordinary soil to control contaminant exposure.
The Impact of Interfacial Interactions on Structural, Electronic, and Sensing Properties of Poly(3‐methylthiophene) in Core‐Shell Nanocomposites. Application for Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants Detection
Authors: Ogurtsov Nikolay A. , Mamykin Andrii V. , Kukla Oleksandr L. , Pavluchenko Alexey S. , Borysenko Mykola V. , Piryatinski Yuri P. , Wojkiewicz Jean‐Luc , Pud Alexander A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, structural, electronic, and sensing properties of the poly(3‐methylthiophene) (P3MT) in two types of its core–shell nanocomposites with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) with different contents of the P3MT component (shell) are explored and are compared. The results indicate specific changes in the P3MT properties appear due to its interfacial interactions with the MWCNTs and PVDF components. In the case of the doped P3MT, charge transfer from MWCNT to P3MT leads to partial dedoping of the latter. The evidence of intermolecular charge transfer complex formation between undoped P3MT (donor) and MWCNTs (acceptor) is obtained. Changes in the properties of P3MT in nanocomposites are used to detect and to reliably recognize some chemical warfare agent's simulants of nerve agents and mustard gas. The sensitivity dependences of the nanocomposites on their work functions, Hansen solubility parameters and analytes electronegativity are studied. It is shown that the sensor response is controlled by a partial charge transfer if the difference between the work function of the sensing material and the electronegativity of the analyte molecules does not exceed a certain value (in the case herein ≈0.3 eV).
Technical note: Toward implementation of MR‐guided radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer with healthy volunteer imaging and a custom MR‐CT larynx phantom
Authors: Huynh Elizabeth , Boyle Sara , Campbell Jennifer , Penney Jessica , Mak Raymond H. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Leeman Jonathan E. , Williams Christopher L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeInternal motion of the larynx can cause normal tissue toxicity and/or tumor underdosage during radiotherapy. MR‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) provides improved soft‐tissue contrast for patient setup and real‐time gating of radiation based on cine imaging of tumor motion, potentially making it an advantageous modality for laryngeal treatments. However, there are potential concerns regarding the small target size, proximity to heterogeneous tissue interfaces in the airway that may cause dosimetric errors in the presence of the magnetic field, and uncertainty about the ability of MR‐linear accelerator (MR‐Linac) systems to visualize and track laryngeal motion. To date, there have been no reports of the use of MRgRT for laryngeal treatments.MethodsA healthy volunteer was imaged on a ViewRay MRIdian MR‐Linac. Organs‐at‐risk and a laryngeal pseudo target were contoured and used to generate a stereotactic body radiotherapy plan. A custom phantom was created using 3D‐printing based on structures delineated on the volunteer images to construct an enclosure containing the target and airway anatomy, with a gap for radiochromic film, and filled with gelatin . The treatment plan was mapped onto the phantom and delivered dose assessed on radiochromic film with global normalization and a 10% dose threshold. A cine MR of the volunteer was acquired to assess the magnitude of larynx motion with speaking and swallowing, and system's ability to gate radiation.ResultsA clinically acceptable laryngeal treatment plan and larynx phantom that was MR and computed tomography‐visible were successfully created. The delivered dose had good agreement with the treatment plan with a gamma passing rate of 96.5% (3%/2 mm). The MR‐Linac was able to visualize, track, and gate larynx motion.ConclusionsThe MRgRT workflow for laryngeal treatments was assessed and performed in preparation for clinical implementation on the MR‐Linac, demonstrating that it is feasible to treat laryngeal cancer patients on the MR‐Linac.
Metabolite selection for machine learning in childhood brain tumour classification
Authors: Zhao Dadi , Grist James T. , Rose Heather E.L. , Davies Nigel P. , Wilson Martin , MacPherson Lesley , Abernethy Laurence J. , Avula Shivaram , Pizer Barry , Gutierrez Daniel R. , Jaspan Tim , Morgan Paul S. , Mitra Dipayan , Bailey Simon , Sawlani Vijay , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Sun Yu , Peet Andrew C. 
Published: January 2022

MRS can provide high accuracy in the diagnosis of childhood brain tumours when combined with machine learning. A feature selection method such as principal component analysis is commonly used to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite profiles prior to classification. However, an alternative approach of identifying the optimal set of metabolites has not been fully evaluated, possibly due to the challenges of defining this for a multi‐class problem. This study aims to investigate metabolite selection from in vivo MRS for childhood brain tumour classification. Multi‐site 1.5 T and 3 T cohorts of patients with a brain tumour and histological diagnosis of ependymoma, medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma were retrospectively evaluated. Dimensionality reduction was undertaken by selecting metabolite concentrations through multi‐class receiver operating characteristics and compared with principal component analysis. Classification accuracy was determined through leave‐one‐out and k‐fold cross‐validation. Metabolites identified as crucial in tumour classification include myo‐inositol (P < 0.05,
), total lipids and macromolecules at 0.9 ppm (P < 0.05,
) and total creatine (P < 0.05,
) for the 1.5 T cohort, and glycine (P < 0.05,
), total N‐acetylaspartate (P < 0.05,
) and total choline (P < 0.05,
) for the 3 T cohort. Compared with the principal components, the selected metabolites were able to provide significantly improved discrimination between the tumours through most classifiers (P < 0.05). The highest balanced classification accuracy determined through leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was 85% for 1.5 T 1H‐MRS through support vector machine and 75% for 3 T 1H‐MRS through linear discriminant analysis after oversampling the minority. The study suggests that a group of crucial metabolites helps to achieve better discrimination between childhood brain tumours.
National childhood obesity‐related intervention systems and intervention programs in China in 1949 to 2020: A narrative review
Authors: Ma Lu , Wen Xiaozhong , Xue Hong , Zhao Li , Ding Yixin , Xu Fei , Ruan Guorui , Li Yixuan , Chang Suying , Wang Youfa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis review examines main government and nongovernmental institutions for childhood obesity prevention and control in China, as well as major national interventions for childhood obesity.MethodsPubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, official websites of national governments and professional institutions/associations, Baidu.com, and Google.com were systematically searched in March 2020 to April 2020. A total of 20 international and national experts on childhood obesity were surveyed.Results“Government‐led multisector cooperation” obesity‐related intervention systems have been formed. National‐level interventions were mainly implemented by the Chinese State Council and its administrative departments, along with national professional institutions/associations. Provincial, municipal, and county governments and their subordinate departments coordinated local works. Actions taken by these sectors to fight childhood obesity included developing and implementing regulations and laws, health standards and practice guidelines, surveillance for obesity and related determinants, governmental budget and research funds, and interventions. A total of 14 major national childhood obesity‐related interventions were found: comprehensive interventions (e.g., “Healthy Lifestyle for All campaign,” 2007), diet and nutrition (e.g., “Chinese Rural Compulsory Education Student Nutrition Improvement Program,” since 2011), and physical activity (e.g., “Happy 10 Minutes Program,” 2006).ConclusionsAlthough obesity‐related intervention systems and national interventions were implemented, more efforts and stronger government leadership and commitment are needed.
Metabolic adaptation delays time to reach weight loss goals
Authors: Martins Catia , Gower Barbara A. , Hunter Gary R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate, was associated with time to reach weight loss goals, after adjusting for confounders.MethodsA total of 65 premenopausal women with overweight (BMI: 28.6 ± 1.5 kg/m2; age: 36.4 ± 5.9 years; 36 were White, and 29 were Black) followed an 800‐kcal/d diet until BMI ≤25 kg/m2. Body weight and composition were measured at baseline and after weight loss. Dietary adherence was calculated from total energy expenditure, determined by double labeled water, and body composition changes. Metabolic adaptation was defined as a significantly lower measured versus predicted resting metabolic rate (from own regression model). A regression model to predict time to reach weight loss goals was developed including target weight loss, energy deficit, dietary adherence, and metabolic adaptation as predictors.ResultsParticipants lost on average 12.5 ± 3.1 kg (16.1% ± 3.4%) over 155.1 ± 49.2 days. Average dietary adherence was 63.6% ± 31.0%. There was significant metabolic adaptation after weight loss (−46 ± 113 kcal/d, p = 0.002) and this variable was a significant predictor of time to reach weight loss goals (β = −0.1, p = 0.041), even after adjusting for confounders (R2 adjusted = 0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn premenopausal women with overweight, metabolic adaptation after a 16% weight loss increases the length of time necessary to achieve weight loss goals.
Food insecurity moderates the relationship between momentary affect and adherence in a dietary intervention study
Authors: Andersen Coley C. , Cabeza de Baca Tomás , Votruba Susanne B. , Stinson Emma J. , Engel Scott G. , Krakoff Jonathan , Gluck Marci E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveNegative affect and food insecurity have been proposed to impede adherence to weight loss interventions. Therefore, this study examined the role of these variables on dietary adherence using Ecological Momentary Assessment.MethodsA total of 50 participants (19 male participants; age = 49 [SD 14] years) participated in an outpatient dietary study. Lean participants (n = 22; BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) received a weight‐maintaining energy needs (WMEN) diet, and participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were randomized to receive either a WMEN diet (n = 14) or a 35% calorie‐reduced diet (n = 14). Food insecurity was measured, and, twice daily, Ecological Momentary Assessment captured real‐time affect ratings and adherence. Between‐person (trait‐level) and lagged within‐person (state‐level) scores were calculated.ResultsGreater food insecurity and trait‐level negative affect were associated with reduced adherence (p = 0.0015, p = 0.0002, respectively), whereas higher trait‐level positive affect was associated with greater adherence (p < 0.0001). Significant interactions between affect and food insecurity revealed an association between higher trait positive affect and increased adherence at lower levels of food insecurity. Higher trait negative affect was more strongly associated with decreased adherence in participants with greater levels of food insecurity (−1 SD: B = −0.21, p = 0.22; mean: B = −0.46, SE = 0.13, p = 0.0004; +1 SD: B = −0.71, SE = 0.17, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsTrait‐level affect may be crucial in predicting dietary adherence, especially in those with greater food insecurity.
Exploring microRNAs as predictive biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus remission after sleeve gastrectomy: A pilot study
Authors: Wojciechowska Gladys , Szczerbinski Lukasz , Kretowski Marek , Niemira Magdalena , Hady Hady Razak , Kretowski Adam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate microRNAs (miRNAs) as predictive biomarkers for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy (SG).MethodsA total of 179 serum miRNAs were profiled, and 26 clinical variables were collected from 46 patients. Two patients were later excluded because of hemolysis, and six patients with unclear remission status were set aside to evaluate the prediction models. The remaining 38 patients were included for model building. Variable selection was done using different approaches, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). Prediction models were then developed using LASSO and assessed in the validation set.ResultsA total of 26 out of 38 patients achieved T2D remission 12 months after SG. The prediction model with only clinical variables misclassified two patients, which were correctly classified using miRNAs. Two miRNA‐only models achieved an accuracy of one but performed poorly for the validation set. The best miRNA model was a mixed model (accuracy: 0.974) containing four miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐32‐5p, hsa‐miR‐382‐5p, hsa‐miR‐1‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐21‐5p) and four clinical variables (T2D medication, sex, age, and fasting blood glucose). These miRNAs are involved in pathways related to obesity and insulin resistance.ConclusionsThis study suggests that four serum miRNAs might be predictive biomarkers for T2D remission 12 months after SG, but further validation studies are needed.
Dietary tryptophan and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Total effect and mediation effect of sleep duration
Authors: Wang Weiqi , Wang Xinyue , Liu Lin , Liu Zengjiao , Han Tianshu , Sun Changhao , Yang Xue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to examine the effects of tryptophan consumption on obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and whether sleep duration mediates these effects.MethodsOverall, data of 7,908 participants were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997‐2011). A total of 6,373 and 4,398 participants who reported sleep duration and had blood samples, respectively, were incorporated into subgroup analyses. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between tertiles of tryptophan intake with obesity and T2D. General linear regression models were used to evaluate the effect of tryptophan on sleep time and plasma biomarkers.ResultsDietary tryptophan was significantly associated with decreased risk of obesity and T2D risk (hazard ratio tertile 3 to tertile 1: 0.602 [95% CI: 0.500‐0.724]; 0.693 [95% CI: 0.565‐0.850]). Sleep duration was significantly higher, and hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B‐100 (APO‐B) were lower in the high tertile of tryptophan compared with the low tertile (p < 0.05). In addition, mediation effects on the associations of tryptophan intake with obesity and T2D risk were observed for sleep duration (estimated mediation percentage: 31.902% and 37.391%).ConclusionsDietary tryptophan showed advantageous effects on obesity and T2D risk. Furthermore, sleep duration potentially mediated for these effects.
Prenatal exome sequencing in fetuses with callosal anomalies
Authors: Lei Ting‐ying , She Qin , Fu Fang , Zhen Li , Li Ru , Yu Qiu‐xia , Wang Dan , Li Ying‐si , Cheng Ken , Zhou Hang , Yang Xin , Pan Min , Li Dong‐zhi , Liao Can 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the value of exome sequencing (ES) in fetuses with callosal anomalies (CA) with or without other structural anomalies, but with normal findings by karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).MethodsCases with CA with or without other structural anomalies were screened for eligibility. Fetuses with abnormal karyotyping or CMA results were excluded. We performed ES on DNA samples from eligible fetus‐parental trios and identified diagnostic genetic variants based on the ultrasonographic features.ResultsA total of 50 eligible fetus‐parental trios were successfully analyzed by ES. We found 17 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in 14 genes from 17 fetuses, with a total proportion of diagnostic genetic variants equal to 34.0% (17/50). Of the 17 cases with a diagnosis, 10 (29.4%, 10/35) were isolated and 7 (43.8%, 7/15) were non‐isolated. Pregnancy outcome data showed that 70.0% (7/10) of the surviving isolated CA fetuses with negative ES results had a good prognosis in early childhood.ConclusionsOur study used ES prenatally for CA and showed that ES can be used diagnostically to define the molecular defects that underlie unexplained CA. Most subjects with isolated CA with negative results for genetic causes will have a favorable prognosis in early childhood.
Diagnostic yield of genome sequencing for prenatal diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies
Authors: Wang Yiming , Greenfeld Elena , Watkins Nicholas , Belesiotis Peter , Zaidi Syed H. , Marshall Christian , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Shannon Patrick , Roifman Maian , Chong Karen , Chitayat David , Stavropoulos Dimitri James , Noor Abdul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveGenome sequencing (GS >30x) is beginning to be adopted as a comprehensive genome‐wide test for the diagnosis of rare disease in the post‐natal setting. Recent studies demonstrated the utility of exome sequencing (ES) in prenatal diagnosis, we investigate the potential benefits for GS to act as a comprehensive prenatal test for diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.MethodsWe performed GS on a prospective cohort of 37 singleton fetuses with ultrasound‐identified structural abnormalities undergoing invasive prenatal testing. GS was performed in parallel with standard diagnostic testing, and the prioritized variants were classified according to ACMG guidelines and reviewed by a panel of board‐certified laboratory and clinical geneticists.ResultsDiagnostic sequence variants were identified in 5 fetuses (14%), with pathogenic variants found in NIPBL, FOXF1, RERE, AMMECR1, and FLT4. A further 7 fetuses (19%) had variants of uncertain significance (VUS) that may explain the phenotypes. Importantly, GS also identified all pathogenic variants reported by clinical microarray (2 CNVs, 5%).ConclusionPrenatal GS offered diagnoses (sequence variants and CNVs) in 19% of fetuses with structural anomalies. GS has the potential of replacing multiple consecutive tests, including microarray, gene panels, and WES, to provide the most comprehensive analysis in a timely manner necessary for prenatal diagnosis.