bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NKG2A‐checkpoint inhibition and its blockade critically depends on peptides presented by its ligand HLA‐E
Authors: Battin Claire , Kaufmann Gabriel , Leitner Judith , Tobias Joshua , Wiedermann Ursula , Rölle Alexander , Meyer Marten , Momburg Frank , Steinberger Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNKG2A has emerged as a new immunotherapy target and its blockade with the novel immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monalizumab can boost both NK cell and CD8+ T cell responses. NKG2A forms heterodimers with CD94 and binds to the human non‐classical MHC class I molecule HLA‐E. HLA‐E forms complexes with a limited set of peptides mainly derived from the leader sequences of the classical MHC class I molecules (HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐C) and the non‐classical class I paralogue HLA‐G, and it is well established that the interaction between CD94/NKG2x receptors and its ligand HLA‐E is peptide‐sensitive. Here, we have evaluated peptide dependence of NKG2A‐mediated inhibition and the efficiency of interference by monalizumab in a transcriptional T cell reporter system. NKG2A inhibition was mediated by cell‐expressed HLA‐E molecules stably presenting disulfate‐trapped peptide ligands. We show that different HLA‐class I leader peptides mediate varying levels of inhibition. We have used NKG2A/NKG2C chimeric receptors to map the binding site of NKG2A and NKG2C blocking antibodies. Furthermore, we determined the functional EC50 values of blocking NKG2A antibodies and show that they greatly depend on the HLA‐leader peptide presented by HLA‐E. Monalizumab was less effective in augmenting NK cell‐mediated killing of target cells displaying HLA‐G peptide on HLA‐E, than cells expressing HLA‐E complexed with HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐C peptides. Our results indicate that peptides displayed by HLA‐E molecules on tumour cells might influence the effectivity of NKG2A‐ICI therapy and potentially suggest novel approaches for patient stratification, for example, based on tumoral HLA‐G levels.
Antimicrobial resistance—Do we share more than companionship with our dogs?
Authors: Røken Mari , Forfang Kristin , Wasteson Yngvild , Haaland Anita Haug , Eiken Hans Geir , Hagen Snorre B. , Bjelland Ane Mohn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
To investigate and compare antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in faeces from cohabiting dogs and owners.

Methods and Results
DNA from faecal samples from 35 dogs and 35 owners was screened for the presence of 34 clinically relevant ARGs using high throughput qPCR. In total, 24 and 25 different ARGs were present in the dog and owner groups, respectively. The households had a mean of 9.9 ARGs present, with dogs and owners sharing on average 3.3 ARGs. ARGs were shared significantly more in households with dogs over 6 years old (3.5, interquartile range 2.75–5.0) than in households with younger dogs (2.5, interquartile range 2.0–3.0) (p = 0.02). Dogs possessed significantly more mecA and aminoglycoside resistance genes than owners.

Conclusions
Dogs and owners can act as reservoirs for a broad range of ARGs belonging to several antimicrobial resistance classes. A modest proportion of the same resistance genes were present in both dogs and owners simultaneously, indicating that ARG transmission between the dog and human gut is of minor concern in the absence of antimicrobial selection.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study provides insight into the common dog and human gut resistomes, contributing to an improved knowledge base in risk assessments regarding ARG transmission between dogs and humans.
Olfactory behavioural and neural responses of planktivorous lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to prey odours
Authors: Konishi Junnosuke , Abe Takashi , Ogihara Atsushi , Adachi Daisuke , Denboh Takashi , Kudo Hideaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFish use a variety of sensory systems when foraging. Salmonids are generally considered visual feeders. However, some species feed on zooplanktons under dark conditions, suggesting they also detect prey using nonvisual cues. Under experimental conditions, hatchery‐reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been shown to use olfaction when searching for food pellets, but olfactory foraging has not been documented in wild salmonids. In the present study, to examine their behavioural response and neural activity in the olfactory nervous system using c‐fos expression as a neural molecular marker, immature wild‐caught lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a flow‐through aquarium were exposed to zooplanktons (Daphnia spp.) extract including zooplanktons odorant and to dimethyl sulfide. The salmon exposed to zooplanktons odour increased their total swimming distance and time, numbers of turns and ascents, and c‐fos expression in the olfactory bulb, suggesting that they can detect zooplanktons extract to locate prey in the laboratory experiments. However, no response was seen in those exposed to dimethyl sulfide. The results of this study suggest that prey odour may serve as a chemosensory cue for wild immature salmonids.
“Playing with the Bull”: Breeding, Blood, and Ritual in Multispecies Ethnography of Peruvian Bullfighting
Authors: Hartigan John , Menaker Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTurupukllayis a popular form of bullfighting in Peru that unfolds over several days. Social analysis ofturupukllayhas largely focused on the symbolic dimension of its most sensational form,Yawar Fiesta, in which a condor is affixed to the back of the bull. But regarding these animals merely as symbols results in a limited sense of “play,” particularly given howturupukllayencompasses the bull as a life‐form. Based on fieldwork in Andagua, Peru, we argue that playing with the bull is more extensive:turupukllaycan be seen as playing withtauromaquiabroadly—the art, life, and regulation of Spanish‐style bullfighting. In Andagua,turupukllayplays with the bull through local breeding practices that physically transform it while also engaging in an ongoing burlesque of the formal features intauromaquia. This version ofturupukllayhighlights an ongoing historical dynamic at play in the wide popularity ofcorrida de torosin Peru.
Cold intervention for relieving migraine symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Yun , Chen Chen‐Ju , Wu Szu‐Han , Chen Kee‐Hsin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of the cold intervention on relieving migraine symptoms among adult patients with migraine.DesignsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) and non‐RCT studies were performed.Data SourcesWe searched five electronic databases including Cochrane Library and Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL from the date of inception to March 2021.Review MethodsResearch was eligible for the systematic review if they included adult patients with migraine, using cold regimen as intervention, and outcomes measuring the symptom alleviation of migraine. Two researchers independently conducted the searching process and data extraction. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE approach to the main outcomes was used. The PRISMA checklist was used to assure the quality and transparency of report.ResultsSix studies (4 RCTs and 2 non‐RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. The cold interventions on migraine alleviation include a cold‐gel headband, cold‐gel cap, intraoral cooling, skin temperature biofeedback and cold wrap accompanied by massage. Compared to non‐cold regimens, the cold interventions had a short‐term effect on reducing migraine pain rated on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at 30 min after intervention (Std. mean difference [SMD] −3.21; 95% CI −5.94, −0.48). Compared to the non‐cold regimens, the cold interventions had marginal long‐term effects on relieving migraine pain VAS score (SMD −0.44; 95% CI −0.91, 0.03) and nausea (SMD −0.56; 95% CI −1.17, 0.04) (24 h after intervention). The GRADE indicated that the certainty of evidence was rated from very low to moderate. Insufficient results on the outcomes of nausea and vomiting were discovered for the meta‐analysis.ConclusionsCold intervention is an effective regimen to reduce migraine pain instantly. The long‐term effect of cold interventions on migraine is not demonstrated. The effects of cold interventions on nausea and vomiting need more studies to verify.
Successful control of menstrual cycle‐related exacerbation of inflammatory arthritis with GnRH agonist with add‐back therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ueno Akiko , Yoshida Takeshi , Yamamoto Yorito , Hayashi Kazutoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatients with rheumatoid arthritis may demonstrate fluctuations in arthritis symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle. This is the first case report of successful control of menstrual cycle‐related exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist and add‐back therapy. A 49‐year‐old premenopausal woman experienced recurrent severe arthritis flares despite aggressive immunotherapy. Her arthritis symptoms started 10 days before her menstruation and spontaneously resolved after the initiation of menstruation. We chose a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist with percutaneous estradiol gel to prevent a hypoestrogenic state and a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system to facilitate uterine protection by estrogen. Thereafter, her symptoms significantly improved without experiencing major flares. In addition, she did not demonstrate any menopausal symptoms. This case highlights that rheumatoid arthritis disease activity may be associated with the menstrual cycle, and hormonal therapy may be beneficial as an adjunct therapy for controlling premenstrual exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis.
Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the independent risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) in Chinese advanced age pregnancy women.DesignSecondary analysis of international published data.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, and Chinese databases from inception to February 23, 2022 were searched to identify eligible studies. Meta‐analysis was conducted to provide meaningful summative outcomes. The quality evaluation of included study was performed. The analyses were done with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software.ResultsTotally, 13 eligible articles were included, among which 3 articles investigated the risk factors, 6 articles studied pregnancy outcomes, and 4 articles examined both risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Chinese older pregnant women with the HDPs had high pooled incidences of abnormal body mass index, maternal education, family history of hypertension, history of chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, irregular delivery inspection, psychosocial factors, and primiparity compared to those without HDPs. The incidence of cesarean delivery, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, fetal asphyxia, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight in Chinese older pregnant women with HPDs were significantly higher than those without HDPs.ConclusionThis study identified several possible risk factors which promoted the onset of HDPs in Chinese older pregnant women, and HDPs significantly increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Further research is needed to take targeted measures to prevent HDPs and explore efficient management methods to minimize the risk of APOs associated with HDPs in Chinese older pregnant women.
Paper chains: tied visas, migration policies, and legal coercion
Authors: NIEZNA MAAYAN 
Published: May 2022

Abstract‘Tied visa’ regimes are labour migration policies that condition migrants’ visas on employment with a particular employer, thus restricting their access to the labour market. This article considers how, under such regimes, control by the state shapes control by employers, and investigates the resemblance between official migration control policies and private means of control and coercion, amounting to forced labour and trafficking. The discussion includes the theoretical analysis and empirical consideration of a case study: the Israeli tied visa regime, regulating migrant workers and Palestinian workers. The consideration of two groups of non‐citizen workers, subject to different but related regimes, enables a novel analysis of the coercive impact of common labour migration policies, and of the justifications offered for such policies. The Israeli Supreme Court demonstrated some commitment to constitutional principles protecting non‐citizens, but later withdrew from these principles and justified tied visas on the grounds that they serve the perceived public interest.
Smartphone Usage Patterns and Their Physical, Psychological, and Cyber‐Behavioral Predictors Among Adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Oh Sumi , Park Sunhee 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdolescents are described as digital natives, with smartphones deeply embedded in their lives. However, limited literature on smartphone usage patterns exists. This study examined adolescents' smartphone usage patterns and their physical, psychosocial, and cyber‐behavioral profiles.METHODSWe used latent profile analysis and a person‐centered approach to investigate 11 items on smartphone use purpose and use time. Participants were 2324 first‐year middle‐school students (aged 13 years) from a nationally representative dataset.RESULTSFour distinct profile groups were observed: minimalist users, entertainment users, social users, and multifunctional users. The 4 profiles differed by gender and physical (physical activity and obesity), psychosocial (relationships with their parents, depression, and academic lethargy), and cyber‐behavioral (smartphone use time, computer use time, and cyber delinquency) status.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYOur findings have key research and real‐world implications for developmental psychologists and school health providers, specifically for those who work with adolescents, to address concerns regarding adolescents' smartphone use.CONCLUSIONSAdolescents use smartphones at varying times and for various purposes. A better understanding of adolescents' smartphone usage and purposes can help parents and school health providers develop and implement interventions.
Is paradoxical sleep setting up innate and acquired complex sensorimotor and adaptive behaviours?: A proposed function based on literature review
Authors: Casaglia Elisa , Luppi Pierre‐Hervé 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWe summarize here the progress in identifying the neuronal network as well as the function of paradoxical sleep and the gaps of knowledge that should be filled in priority. The core system generating paradoxical sleep localized in the brainstem is now well identified, and the next step is to clarify the role of the forebrain in particular that of the hypothalamus including the melanin‐concentrating hormone neurons and of the basolateral amygdala. We discuss these two options, and also the discovery that cortical activation during paradoxical sleep is restricted to a few limbic cortices activated by the lateral supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Such activation nicely supports the findings recently obtained showing that neuronal reactivation occurs during paradoxical sleep in these structures, and induces both memory consolidation of important memory and forgetting of less relevant ones. The question that still remains to be answered is whether paradoxical sleep is playing more crucial roles in processing emotional and procedural than other types of memories. One attractive hypothesis is that paradoxical sleep is responsible for erasing negative emotional memories, and that this function is not properly functioning in depressed patients. On the other hand, the presence of a muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep is in favour of a role in procedural memory as new types of motor behaviours can be tried without harm during the state. In a way, it also fits with the proposed role of paradoxical sleep in setting up the sensorimotor system during development.
Enhancement of Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance and immune responses in Exopalaemon carinicauda by synergistic bacteriostasis of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge and oxytetracycline
Authors: Cao Qing‐guo , Zhang Chun‐yan , Guo Qin , Ren Cheng‐wan , Li Yun‐ting , Adil Farooq Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural plant extracts (NPEs) may offer an effective alternative to minimize the consequences caused by antibiotic resistance in the marine industry. In this study, the anti‐Vibrio parahaemolyticus activities of several antibiotics and NPEs alone and in combinations were evaluated. The results indicated that the best combination was the 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) oxytetracycline +1/4 MIC hawthorn extract with fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.50. As a result, the survival rate of Exopalaemon carinicauda challenged by V. parahaemolyticus was improved to 53.3 ± 4.7% (as compared to 23.3 ± 2.3% in control) because of exposure to the combination of oxytetracycline +1/4 MIC hawthorn extract. Furthermore, the combination of upregulated digestive enzyme activities (cellulose, lipase, and pepsin), Toll receptor expressions, and immune parameters (alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme) improved tolerance of E. carinicauda to V. parahaemolyticus infection. The synergistic anti‐V. parahaemolyticus functions may be associated with improved digestibility and immunity of E. carinicauda. Therefore, as a supplementary therapy to inhibit V. parahaemolyticus, the combinations of NPEs + antibiotics will hold better application potential for reducing antibiotic dosage and resistance.
Maize FERONIA‐like receptor genes are involved in the response of multiple disease resistance in maize
Authors: Yu Haiyue , Ruan Hongchun , Xia Xinyao , Chicowski Aline Sartor , Whitham Steven A. , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Guirong , Liu Wende 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReceptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are key modulators of diverse cellular processes such as development and sensing the extracellular environment. FERONIA, a member of the CrRLK1L subfamily, acts as a pleiotropic regulator of plant immune responses, but little is known about how maize FERONIA‐like receptors (FLRs) function in responding to the major foliar diseases of maize such as northern corn leaf blight (NLB), northern corn leaf spot (NLS), anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), and southern corn leaf blight (SLB). Here, we identified three ZmFLR homologous proteins that showed cell membrane localization. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana proved that ZmFLRs were capable of inducing cell death. To investigate the role of ZmFLRs in maize, we used virus‐induced gene silencing to knock down expression of ZmFLR1/2 and ZmFLR3 resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species production induced by flg22 and chitin. The resistance of maize to NLB, NLS, ASR, and SLB was also reduced in the ZmFLRs knockdown maize plants. These results indicate that ZmFLRs are positively involved in broad‐spectrum disease resistance in maize.
Factors predicting organizational commitment of nurses in general hospitals: A descriptive‐predictive study
Authors: Mon Ei Ei , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Chitpakdee Bunpitcha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis descriptive‐predictive, cross‐sectional study aimed to explore organizational commitment and to determine the predictability of years of experience, level of education, position, perceived organizational support, and work–life balance on each component of organizational commitment. The participants included 234 nurses who were randomly selected from four general hospitals in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The research instruments included a demographic data form, the Organizational Commitment Scale, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and the Work–Life Balance Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. The results revealed that the nurses perceived the three components of organizational commitment at a moderate level. Years of experience, position, perceived organizational support, and work–life balance explained 38.0% of the total variance for affective commitment, 28.3% for continuance commitment, and 35.9% for normative commitment. The findings of this study can inform administrators and policymakers regarding the development of strategies to improve organizational commitment among nurses based on four predictors.
Impact of a resilience and wellbeing program: A longitudinal cohort study of student dietitians
Authors: Ross Lynda J. , Mitchell Lana J. , Williams Emily C. , Lynch Patrick J. , Munro Jonathan P. , Williams Lauren T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn response to growing evidence that student healthcare professionals find professional practicum stressful and that it negatively affects their mental health, a six‐session psychoeducation Resilience and Wellbeing Program was implemented by a professional counselor in Year 3 of the Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics at Griffith University, Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate student dietitians' perceptions of whether the program improved their ability to cope with practicum stressors. The study used a longitudinal cohort design, with students completing surveys at three time points: before and after the program and after the final practicum. The study was completed with two cohorts of students between 2018 and 2020 (n = 111). Most respondents (95%) found their professional practicum to be stressful or challenging on at least some occasions, mostly due to constantly being assessed (56%), finances (40%), and being away from usual supports (38%). Almost all students rated the program as having some value (99%), with the content about stress and self‐care the most highly rated. Qualitative comments revealed the program helped students to manage stress by prioritizing their personal needs. Students used stress management skills during the practicum to achieve balance in their lives, despite pandemic conditions.
Differential timing of gene expression and recruitment in independent origins of CAM in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Heyduk Karolina , McAssey Edward V. , Leebens‐Mack Jim 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis has evolved repeatedly across the plant tree of life, however our understanding of the genetic convergence across independent origins remains hampered by the lack of comparative studies. Here, we explore gene expression profiles in eight species from the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae) encompassing three independent origins of CAM.

Using comparative physiology and transcriptomics, we examined the variable modes of CAM in this subfamily and the changes in gene expression across time of day and between well watered and drought‐stressed treatments. We further assessed gene expression and the molecular evolution of genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), an enzyme required for primary carbon fixation in CAM.

Most time‐of‐day expression profiles are largely conserved across all eight species and suggest that large perturbations to the central clock are not required for CAM evolution. By contrast, transcriptional response to drought is highly lineage specific. Yucca and Beschorneria have CAM‐like expression of PPC2, a copy of PPC that has never been shown to be recruited for CAM in angiosperms.

Together the physiological and transcriptomic comparison of closely related C3 and CAM species reveals similar gene expression profiles, with the notable exception of differential recruitment of carboxylase enzymes for CAM function.