bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food for mood: Relevance of nutritional Omega-3 fatty acids for depression and anxiety
Authors: Laye S. 
Published: February 2022

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids which are provided to the body through the diet. The brain is one of the richest organs in the body and has a high need in PUFAs. There are 2 main families of PUFAs, n-3 (or omega 3) and n-6 (or omega6). While it is quite easy to find n-6 PUFAs in westernized diets, the need in n-3 PUFAs is poorly reached, leading to decreased level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the brain. In humans, poor levels of blood n-3 PUFAs and brain DHA are associated to a higher prevalence of cognitive disorders and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of DHA on brain functions are poorly understood. Using mice models of n-3 PUFAs dietary deficiency or supplementation, we revealed that in the brain, DHA regulate neuroinflammatory pathways, in particular through its effect on microglia, the main innate immune system cell in the brain. In addition, n-3 PUFAs are key actors of ndocannabinoid- dependent synaptic plasticity. While neuroinflammation and eCB-dependent synaptic plasticity are crucial to cognition and emotional behaviour alterations, our results bring to the clinical scene the importance of controlling dietary n-3 PUFAs to protect the brain from the adverse effect of stres or inflammation. Altogether, our work brings a better comprehension of how dietary n-3 PUFAs participate to brain physiology and protect from the development of mood and cognitive disorders. It opens new avenues for the use of these lipids in the protection and treatment of brain diseases.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dosage of antipsychotics in China routine practice
Authors: Zhang T. , Chi R. , Wu T. , Xu Y. , Dong W. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe antipsychotic dosage of Chinese schizophrenia patients has rarely been studied, although nonstandard dosage has impact on prognosis.ObjectivesTo describe the dosage of antipsychotics in China routine practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using de-identified data from a Chinese mental health hospital. The included patients were adults (≥18 years) with at least one diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and one prescription of any antipsychotic between 2014 and 2019. Date of first identified antipsychotic prescription was defined as index date, patients were followed up until last prescription of antipsychotics, end of 2019, or discontinuation (>60 days without antipsychotic prescription), whichever was earliest. Dosage was summarized using defined daily dose (DDD), calculated by cumulative average daily dose (CAD) with a unit of DDDs/day, i.e., total DDDs of all antipsychotics in follow-up period divided by total days of follow-up. CAD was categorized into low (<0.5 DDDs/day), moderate (0.5-1.5 DDDs/day), and high (>1.5 DDDs/day) groups.Results13554 patients were included with an average follow-up of 269.9 days. Median CAD was 0.8 DDDs/day (IQR=0.5-1.3), patients with hospitalization during follow-up and used multiple antipsychotics at the same time had larger median CAD, 1.0 DDDs/day and 1.2 DDDs/days, respectively. There were 3245 (23.9%), 7627 (56.3%), and 2682 (19.8%) patients in low, moderate, and high groups, respectively. The median CAD of high dosage group was 2.5 DDDs/day (IQR=1.9-10.5).ConclusionsCAD of most Chinese schizophrenia patients was low or moderate. Association between CAD and hospitalization and multiple concurrent antipsychotics merit further research.
Prevalence of mental health issues amongst slovak and international medical students at university of pavol jozef Šafárik: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dragasek J. , Seabrook M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence of mental health issues amongst domestic and foreign students in Slovakian medical schools and any differences between them is currently unknown.ObjectivesThe goals of this paper are to determine the prevalence and extent of mental health issues among medical students at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University (UPJŠ) in Kosice, Slovakia and to determine if there is a difference between domestic and foreign students’ mental health at UPJŠ.MethodsA combined questionnaire utilizing well-known sources was distributed to UPJŠ medical students to self-assess their levels of anxiety, depression and hedonic capacity (Zung, 1965; Zung, 1971; Snaith et al., 1995). Two-tailed T-tests and regression statistical analyses were applied to determine the significance of the data and any differences.Results27% (n=319) and 25% (n=300) responses were collected from domestic and foreign UPJŠ medical students, respectively. 57% of domestic and 74% of foreign students screened positive for either anxiety, depression, or a combination. The 17% increased rate of anxiety and/or depression amongst foreign students when compared to domestic students was statistically significant (P<0.001). The differences between the two groups regarding hedonic tone were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of mental health issues amongst domestic and foreign UPJŠ medical students is much higher than the worldwide average. The higher rate of anxiety and depression observed in foreign UPJŠ medical students when compared to domestic students may be due to a reduced social support system as well as studying in a foreign country. These data suggest special support may be necessary for medical students studying abroad.
Prevalence of different types of online behavior and internet addiction among adolescents in central siberia: Gender and age aspects
Authors: Semenova N. , Tereshchenko S. , L L. Evert , Kostyuchenko Y. , Shubina M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAdolescent online behavior is an urgent public health problem in different countries of the world due to the possibility of developing Internet addiction.ObjectivesTo study the prevalence of different types of online behavior and Internet addiction in Siberian adolescents, depending on gender and age.MethodsDuring the period from January to May 2019, 2950 adolescents aged 11-18 years living in the urban area of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk) were examined, of them 1348 boys and 1602 girls. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) with a cut-off level of 65 points was used. Internet users are divided into three groups: Adaptive Internet Users (AIU) (27–42 points); maladaptive Internet users (MIU) (43–64 points); pathological Internet users (PIU) (score ≥ 65).ResultsThe AIU group comprised 50.3% (55.9% boys and 45.6% girls, p <0.001). The share of adolescents aged 11-14 is 52.0%, the share of adolescents aged 15-18 is 48.4% (p = 0.04). The MIU group constituted 42.9% (46.3% were girls and 38.9% boys, p <0.001). The share of adolescents aged 11-14 is 42.1%, and those aged 15-18 is 43.8%, p > 0.05. The PIU group constituted 6.8% (5.1% boys and 8.2% girls, p <0.001). The share of adolescents aged 11-14 is 5.9% and those aged 15-18 is 7.8% (p = 0.04).ConclusionsAmong adolescents in Central Siberia the prevalence of AIU consist 50.3%, MIU 42.9%, PIU 6.8%. The prevalence of PIU is more common in girls. The increase in PIU was marked in the older age group. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203218.Conflict of interestThe reported study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-22032\18.
Developing a Home-Based Body Weight Physical Activity/Exercise Program
Authors: Zheng YuanDian , Li Haoyu , Gao Kevin , Gallo Paul M. 
Published: February 2022

Apply It!
• Research shows barriers to PA exist due to varieties of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has further confounded public engagement in PA. Home-based body weight exercise training may be a potential intervention to remedy these barriers.
• Fitness professionals can educate their clients in a remote setting using the information related to home-based exercise programming and body weight exercise options presented in this article, supplemental information, and freely accessible resources also provided.
• Home-based video personal training can be implemented to increase the interaction between fitness professionals and clients.
Measurement and Interpretation of Blood Pressure for the Exercise Professional
Authors: Kasper Mark J. , Carter LaGary , Eaheart Brian 
Published: February 2022

Apply It!
From this article, the reader should be able to
• Identify hypertensive and hypotensive blood pressure responses to exercise.
• Determine when referral to a health care provider for blood pressure is warranted.
• Explain the protocol to properly assess resting and exercise blood pressure.
• State the importance of having a client record their blood pressure readings in a diary and providing them to their health care professional.
Questions Individuals with Cardiac Conditions Engaging in Exercise often Ask Health Fitness Professionals: Research-Based Responses
Authors: Hendrickson Kirk D. , Haskin-Popp Cindy , Franklin Barry A. 
Published: February 2022

Apply It!
By reading this article, the health and fitness professional will learn empiric and research-based responses and answers to common questions individuals with cardiac conditions often pose. These practical data, and the authors' shared clinical experiences in fielding these questions over the years, should be helpful to the health and fitness professional when working with the escalating population of clients with known cardiovascular disease who are seeking safe and effective exercise regimens to enhance cardiovascular health, functional independence, and well-being.
FinTech Lending and Bank Credit Access for Consumers
Authors: Balyuk Tetyana 
Published: February 2022

Using a unique setting of an online peer-to-peer lender, I show that banks expand credit access for consumers who obtain FinTech loans. Consistent with FinTech relieving information frictions, this effect is stronger for more credit-constrained consumers. Many borrowers, especially higher-quality ones, use peer-to-peer loans to repay expensive revolving debt. Yet, debt financing and credit score changes cannot fully explain higher bank credit. The increase in bank credit access is stronger when information sets between banks and peer-to-peer lenders diverge more. These results highlight information spillovers as a novel mechanism through which FinTech lending can relieve financial constraints for consumers. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4319 .
CDS Trading Initiation, Information Asymmetry, and Dividend Payout
Authors: Landsman Wayne R. , Li Chao Kevin , Donny Zhao Jianxin 
Published: February 2022

This study uses an information-asymmetry framework to examine the effect of initiation of credit default swaps (CDS) trading on firm dividend payout policy. We find evidence that CDS initiation is associated with increasing dividends, which is consistent with firms distributing excess free cash flow to mitigate exacerbated manager-equityholder agency conflicts resulting from reduced monitoring by banks following CDS initiation. Additional findings support this explanation by showing that the dividend increases are concentrated among borrowing firms with higher agency cost before CDS initiation, among firms whose lead arranger banks have a relatively less strong reputation in the loan-syndication market, and among firms whose loans are subject to less intense monitoring features—that is, less restrictive loan covenants—following CDS initiation. Additional analyses also suggest that inferences are robust to controlling for the potential effects of CDS initiation on capital structure. This paper was accepted by Brain Bushee, accounting. Funding: Financial support from the Goizueta Business School, the Kenan-Flagler Business School, and the Business School UNSW Sydney is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The data and internet appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4337 .
Prevalence of and factors associated with late diagnosis of HIV in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe: Results from population-based nationally representative surveys
Authors: Haas Andreas D. , Radin Elizabeth , Birhanu Sehin , Low Andrea J. , Saito Suzue , Sachathep Karampreet , Balachandra Shirish , Manjengwa Julius , Duong Yen T. , Jonnalagadda Sasi , Payne Danielle , Bello George , Hakim Avi J. , Smart Theo , Ahmed Nahima , Cuervo-Rojas Juliana , Auld Andrew , Patel Hetal , Parekh Bharat , Williams Daniel B. , Barradas Danielle T. , Mugurungi Owen , Mulenga Lloyd B. , Voetsch Andrew C. , Justman Jessica E. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Late diagnosis of HIV (LD) increases the risk of morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission. We used nationally representative data from population-based HIV impact assessment (PHIA) surveys in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (2015–2016) to characterize adults at risk of LD and to examine associations between LD and presumed HIV transmission to cohabiting sexual partners.

Methods
We estimated the prevalence of LD, defined as CD4 count <350 cells/μL, among adults newly diagnosed with HIV during the surveys and odds ratios for associated factors. We linked newly diagnosed adults (index cases) to their household sexual partners and calculated adjusted odds ratios for associations between LD of the index case, viral load of the index case, and duration of HIV exposure in the relationship, and the HIV status of the household sexual partner.

Results
Of 1,804 adults who were newly diagnosed with HIV in the surveys, 49% (882) were diagnosed late. LD was associated with male sex, older age, and almost five times the odds of having an HIV-positive household sexual partner (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.65 [95% confidence interval: 2.56–8.45]). Longer duration of HIV exposure in a relationship and higher viral load of the index case were both independently associated with higher odds of having HIV-positive household sexual partners. Individuals with HIV exposure of more than 5 years had more than three times (aOR 3.42 [95% CI: 1.63–7.18]) higher odds of being HIV positive than those with less than 2 years HIV exposure. The odds of being HIV positive were increased in individuals who were in a relationship with an index case with a viral load of 400–3499 copies/mL (aOR 4.06 [95% CI 0.45–36.46]), 3,500–9,999 copies/mL (aOR 11.32 [95% CI: 4.08–31.39]), 10,000–49,999 copies/mL (aOR 17.07 [95% CI: 9.18–31.72]), and ≥50,000 copies/mL (aOR 28.41 [95% CI: 12.18–66.28]) compared to individuals who were in a relationship with an index case with a viral load of <400 copies/mL.

Conclusions
LD remains a challenge in Southern Africa and is strongly associated with presumed HIV transmission to household sexual partners. Our study underscores the need for earlier HIV diagnosis, particularly among men and older adults, and the importance of index testing.
Phylogeography and transmission of M. tuberculosis in Moldova: A prospective genomic analysis
Authors: Yang Chongguang , Sobkowiak Benjamin , Naidu Vijay , Codreanu Alexandru , Ciobanu Nelly , Gunasekera Kenneth S. , Chitwood Melanie H. , Alexandru Sofia , Bivol Stela , Russi Marcus , Havumaki Joshua , Cudahy Patrick , Fosburgh Heather , Allender Christopher J. , Centner Heather , Engelthaler David M. , Menzies Nicolas A. , Warren Joshua L. , Crudu Valeriu , Colijn Caroline , Cohen Ted 
Published: February 2022

Background
The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains critically high in countries of the former Soviet Union, where >20% of new cases and >50% of previously treated cases have resistance to rifampin and isoniazid. Transmission of resistant strains, as opposed to resistance selected through inadequate treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB), is the main driver of incident MDR-TB in these countries.

Methods and findings
We conducted a prospective, genomic analysis of all culture-positive TB cases diagnosed in 2018 and 2019 in the Republic of Moldova. We used phylogenetic methods to identify putative transmission clusters; spatial and demographic data were analyzed to further describe local transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of 2,236 participants, 779 (36%) had MDR-TB, of whom 386 (50%) had never been treated previously for TB. Moreover, 92% of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains belonged to putative transmission clusters. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified 3 large clades that were comprised nearly uniformly of MDR-TB: 2 of these clades were of Beijing lineage, and 1 of Ural lineage, and each had additional distinct clade-specific second-line drug resistance mutations and geographic distributions. Spatial and temporal proximity between pairs of cases within a cluster was associated with greater genomic similarity. Our study lasted for only 2 years, a relatively short duration compared with the natural history of TB, and, thus, the ability to infer the full extent of transmission is limited.

Conclusions
The MDR-TB epidemic in Moldova is associated with the local transmission of multiple M. tuberculosis strains, including distinct clades of highly drug-resistant M. tuberculosis with varying geographic distributions and drug resistance profiles. This study demonstrates the role of comprehensive genomic surveillance for understanding the transmission of M. tuberculosis and highlights the urgency of interventions to interrupt transmission of highly drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Durable T-cellular and humoral responses in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized and community patients
Authors: Mohn Kristin G.-I. , Bredholt Geir , Zhou Fan , Madsen Anders , Onyango Therese B. , Fjelltveit Elisabeth B. , Jalloh Sarah L. , Brokstad Karl A. , Cantoni Diego , Mayora-Neto Martin , Temperton Nigel , Langeland Nina , Cox Rebecca J. ,   on behalf of Bergen COVID-19 research group
Published: February 2022

Background
Neutralizing antibodies are important for protection against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus, and long-term memory responses determine the risk of re-infection or boosting after vaccination. T-cellular responses are considered important for partial protection against novel variants of concern.

Methods
A prospective cohort of hospitalized (n = 14) and community (n = 38) patients with rt-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. Blood samples and clinical data were collected when diagnosed and at 6 months. Serum samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-spike specific antibodies using ELISA (IgG, IgA, IgM), pseudotype neutralization and microneutralization assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were investigated for virus-specific T-cell responses in the interferon-γ and interleukin-2 fluorescent-linked immunosorbent spot (FluroSpot) assay.

Results
We found durable SARS-CoV-2 spike- and internal protein specific T-cellular responses in patients with persistent antibodies at 6 months. Significantly higher IL-2 and IFN-γ secreting T-cell responses as well as SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in hospitalized compared to community patients. The immune response was impacted by age, gender, comorbidity and severity of illness, reflecting clinical observations.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cellular and antibody responses persisted for 6 months post confirmed infection. In previously infected patients, re-exposure or vaccination will boost long-term immunity, possibly providing protection against re-infection with variant viruses.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves symptoms, brain’s microstructure and functionality in veterans with treatment resistant post-traumatic stress disorder: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Doenyas-Barak Keren , Catalogna Merav , Kutz Ilan , Levi Gabriela , Hadanny Amir , Tal Sigal , Daphna-Tekoha Shir , Sasson Efrat , Shechter Yarden , Efrati Shai 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by changes in both brain activity and microstructural integrity. Cumulative evidence demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) induces neuroplasticity and case-series studies indicate its potentially positive effects on PTSD. The aim of the study was to evaluate HBOT’s effect in veterans with treatment resistant PTSD.MethodsVeterans with treatment resistant PTSD were 1:1 randomized to HBOT or control groups. All other brain pathologies served as exclusion criteria. Outcome measures included clinician-administered PTSD scale-V (CAPS-V) questionnaires, brief symptom inventory (BSI), BECK depression inventory (BDI), brain microstructural integrity evaluated by MRI diffuse tensor imaging sequence (DTI), and brain function was evaluated by an n-back task using functional MRI (fMRI). The treatment group underwent sixty daily hyperbaric sessions. No interventions were performed in the control group.ResultsThirty-five veterans were randomized to HBOT (N = 18) or control (n = 17) and 29 completed the protocol. Following HBOT, there was a significant improvement in CAPS-V scores and no change in the control (F = 30.57, P<0.0001, Net effect size = 1.64). Significant improvements were also demonstrated in BSI and BDI scores (F = 5.72, P = 0.024 Net effect size = 0.89, and F = 7.65, P = 0.01, Net effect size = 1.03). Improved brain activity was seen in fMRI in the left dorsolateral prefrontal, middle temporal gyri, both thalami, left hippocampus and left insula. The DTI showed significant increases in fractional anisotropy in the fronto-limbic white-matter, genu of the corpus callosum and fornix.ConclusionsHBOT improved symptoms, brain microstructure and functionality in veterans with treatment resistant PTSD.
Itemization difference of patient-reported outcome in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Lin Ming-Chieh , Dai Chia-Yen , Huang Chung-Feng , Yeh Ming-Lun , Liu Yi-Chan , Hsu Po-Yao , Wei Yu-Ju , Lee Pei-Lun , Huang Ching-I , Liang Po-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Jang Tyng-Yuan , Lin Zu-Yau , Huang Jee-Fu , Yu Ming-Lung , Chuang Wan-Long 
Published: February 2022

Background and aims
The itemization difference of patient-reported outcome (PRO) in hepatitis patients with different etiologies remains elusive in Asia. We aimed to assess the characteristics and the difference of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.

Methods
We conducted the study in an outpatient setting. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was completed by the patients upon the initial diagnosis and recruitment for a long-term follow-up purpose. The PRO results were also assessed by disease severity.

Results
There were 244 patients (198 males) of CHB, 54 patients (29 males) of CHC, and 129 patients (85 males) of NAFLD, respectively. CHC patient had the mean score of 67.1 ± 23.3 in physical component summary (PCS) of the SF-36 health survey, which was significantly lower than CHB patients (76.4 ± 19.5), and NAFLD patients (77.5 ± 13.7), respectively (p = 0.001). The significantly lower performance of PCS in CHC patients was mainly attributed to the lower performance in physical functioning and bodily pain components. Higher fibrosis 4 index scores were significantly associated with lower PCS scores in all patient groups. There was no significant difference of mean mental component summary (MCS) between groups. However, NAFLD patients had significantly lower mental health scores than other groups (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The significant difference of HRQoL exists in hepatitis patients with different etiologies. Disease severity leads to a lower PCS performance.