bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Change the Reaction Chemistry on Nonprecious Metal Oxide Nanostructure Materials for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived Glycerol to Renewable Chemicals
Authors: Oh Lee Seul , Park Minseon , Park Yoo Sei , Kim Youngmin , Yoon Wongeun , Hwang Jeemin , Lim Eunho , Park Jong Hyeok , Choi Sung Mook , Seo Min Ho , Kim Won Bae , Kim Hyung Ju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAu and Pt are well‐known catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass‐derived glycerol. Although some nonprecious‐metal‐based materials to replace the costly Au and Pt are used for this reaction, the fundamental question of how the nonprecious catalysts affect the reaction chemistry and mechanism compared to Au and Pt catalysts is still unanswered. In this work, both experimental and computational methods are used to understand how and why the reaction performance and chemistry for the electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (EGOR) change with electrochemically‐synthesized CuCo‐oxide, Cu‐oxide, and Co‐oxide catalysts compared to conventional Au and Pt catalysts. The Au and Pt catalysts generate major glyceric acid and glycolic acid products from the EGOR. Interestingly, the prepared Cu‐based oxides produce glycolic acid and formic acid with high selectivity of about 90.0%. This different reaction chemistry is related to the enhanced ability of CC bond cleavage on the Cu‐based oxide materials. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the formic acids are mainly formed on the Cu‐based oxide surfaces rather than in the process of glycolic acid formation in the free energy diagram. This study provides critical scientific insights into developing future nonprecious‐based materials for electrochemical biomass conversions.
Drug in Drug: A Host–Guest Formulation of Azocalixarene with Hydroxychloroquine for Synergistic Anti‐Inflammation
Authors: Li Shihui , Ma Rong , Hu Xin‐Yue , Li Hua‐Bin , Geng Wen‐Chao , Kong Xianglei , Zhang Chao , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMacrocyclic delivery and therapeutics are two significant topics in supramolecular biomedicine. The functional integration of these topics would open new avenues for treating diseases synergistically. However, these two individual topics have only been occasionally merged, probably because of the lack of functionalized design of macrocyclic host and the lack of efficient recognition between host and guest drugs. Herein, a “drug‐in‐drug” strategy is proposed, in which an active drug is encapsulated by a macrocycle possessing therapeutic activity to form a multifunctional supramolecular active pharmaceutical ingredient. As a proof‐of‐concept, a complex of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with sulfonated azocalix[4]arene (HCQ@SAC4A) is prepared to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a combined fashion. SAC4A is a therapeutic agent that exhibits scavenging capacity for reactive oxygen species and exerts an anti‐inflammatory effect. It is also a hypoxia‐responsive carrier that can deliver HCQ directly to the inflammatory articular cavity. Consequently, HCQ@SAC4A achieves the synergistic anti‐inflammatory effect on both inflamed RAW 264.7 cells and RA rats. This effect is attributed to the temporal and spatial consistency of the two active ingredients of the complex. As a new paradigm for combinational therapy, the drug‐in‐drug strategy advances in easy preparation, mix‐and‐match combination, and precise ratiometric control.
Tailor‐Made Multi‐Resonance Terminal Emitters toward Narrowband, High‐Efficiency, and Stable Hyperfluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ting , Chan Chin‐Yiu , Tanaka Masaki , Mamada Masashi , Goushi Kenichi , Tang Xun , Tsuchiya Youichi , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMulti‐resonance emitters (MREs) are a promising candidate for fulfilling the harsh requirements of display applications due to their unique photophysical properties. Recently, MREs have been widely used as a terminal emitter in hyperfluorescence organic light‐emitting diodes (HF‐OLEDs); however, since MREs are always thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐active, possessing long triplet lifetimes in millisecond order, they result in severe chemical degradation. Instead of shortening the delayed lifetime of MREs by molecular design, herein, a low‐triplet pyrene unit is introduced into an MRE scaffold to achieve narrowband emission and quick removal of triplets in MREs simultaneously. Blue HF‐OLED based on the non‐TADF MRE demonstrates a high external quantum efficiency of 20% and a tenfold improvement in stability, compared to those of the HF‐OLEDs with standard MREs. An opposite direction of molecular design of MREs for the sophisticated exciton generation and transfer system in HF‐OLEDs is proposed to enhance device lifetime without sacrificing color purity and efficiency.
A Flexible Artificial Sensory Nerve Enabled by Nanoparticle‐Assembled Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Tactile Recognition
Authors: Jiang Chengpeng , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Lu , Gong Jiangdong , Wei Huanhuan , Xu Wentao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTactile perception enabled by somatosensory system in human is essential for dexterous tool usage, communication, and interaction. Imparting tactile recognition functions to advanced robots and interactive systems can potentially improve their cognition and intelligence. Here, a flexible artificial sensory nerve that mimics the tactile sensing, neural coding, and synaptic processing functions in human sensory nerve is developed to achieve neuromorphic tactile recognition at device level without relying on algorithms or computing resources. An interfacial self‐assembly technique, which produces uniform and defect‐less thin film of semiconductor nanoparticles on arbitrary substrates, is employed to prepare the flexible synaptic device. The neural facilitation and sensory memory characteristics of the proton‐gating synaptic device enable this system to identify material hardness during robotic grasping and recognize tapping patterns during tactile interaction in a continuous, real‐time, high‐accuracy manner, demonstrating neuromorphic intelligence and recognition capabilities. This artificial sensory nerve produced in wearable and portable form can be readily integrated with advanced robots and smart human–machine interfaces for implementing human‐like tactile cognition in neuromorphic electronics toward robotic and wearable applications.
High Spectral‐Rejection‐Ratio Narrowband Photodetectors Based on Perovskite Heterojunctions
Authors: Wang Xin , Pan Yuzhu , Xu Yubing , Zhao Jingda , Li Yuwei , Li Qing , Chen Jing , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaobing , Elemike Elias E. , Onwudiwe Damian C. , Bae Byung Seong , Lei Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNarrowband photodetection provides important information in a specific wavelength range. Specially, the use of nonoptical‐filter narrowband photodetectors based on MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3; X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites is reported of great potential. However, current MAPbX3‐based narrowband photodetectors have to sacrifice their photocurrent and response speed to achieve an acceptable spectral rejection ratio. In this work, a new type of heterojunction photodetector (hetero‐PD) with a structure of (n‐type doped MAPbCl3)/(intrinsic MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5)/(n‐type doped MAPbBr3) via epitaxial growth is demonstrated as a narrowband photodetector. Through optical bandgap engineering, photons with different wavelength can be absorbed in different layers. Owing to the n–i–n energy band structure, most external bias would apply on a tiny region near the n–i heterojunction. Besides, the energy barriers in the heterojunctions can block holes from injection and collection, resulting in low‐noise electron‐only hetero‐PDs. By sufficiently suppressing the background noise from short‐wavelength photons, hetero‐PDs are capable of achieving a high spectral rejection ratio of 98.1% under an electrical field of 8 V cm−1. Moreover, hetero‐PDs exhibit a high external quantum efficiency value of 45%, a narrow full width at half‐maximum of 13 nm, and a response time of 1.35 µs.
Restrictions on leader length in an in‐river sport fishery reduce catch of threatened wild chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and increase harvest of hatchery origin chinook
Authors: Losee James P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo achieve conservation and harvest objectives associated with Chinook Salmon, fisheries managers have relied on mark‐selective and anti‐snagging rules in freshwater whereby anglers are required to release wild Chinook and fish hooked in anatomical locations other than the head and mouth. However, in some cases these regulations have resulted in increased mortalities due to the number of fish (hatchery and wild) that require release. Regulations effective at increasing the number of fish hooked in the mouth have the potential to decrease total encounters (number of fish caught) of both hatchery and wild fish while increasing the total number of fish harvested; however, this has not been tested. A roving creel survey and a test fishery were used to describe the effect leader length and bait under a bobber has on catch rate and hooking location and simulate how a variety of restrictions on gear type would affect catch and harvest on wild and hatchery origin Chinook salmon. Results indicate that a 6‐foot leader length restriction would result in the highest catch of hatchery fish harvested and reduce exploitation rate on wild fish by greater than 20%. Regulations limiting leader length to 3 feet are expected to result in the greatest reduction (75.7%) to total encounters on wild fish; however, this method was unpopular and resulted in few hatchery fish harvested. The use of bait suspended under a bobber resulted in intermediate results with a reduction of 60.0% to catch of wild Chinook and the smallest number hooked outside the mouth (0/30). These results provide the first evaluation of the effect of leader length in a mark‐selective hook and line fishery and suggest that a 6‐foot leader length restriction would be expected to reduce encounters on wild Chinook, increase harvest of hatchery fish and extend the fishing season.
In situ coupling of lignin‐derived carbon‐encapsulated CoFe‐CoxN heterojunction for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Lin Xuliang , Liu Jianglin , Wu Linjun , Chen Liheng , Qi Yi , Qiu Zhongjie , Sun Shirong , Dong Huafeng , Qiu Xueqing , Qin Yanlin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExploring highly active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for developing water splitting and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. In this study, a hybrid electrocatalyst of CoFe alloy and CoxN heterojunction encapsulated and anchored in N‐doped carbon support (CoFe‐CoxN@NC) was in situ coupled via the pyrolysis of a novel coordination polymer derived from lignin biomacromolecule. CoFe‐CoxN@NC exhibited outstanding OER activity with a low overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and stability with an increment of 20 mV, comparable to commercial Ir/C. DFT calculations showed that CoxN and N‐doped graphitic encapsulation can reduce the binding strength between *O and CoFe alloy, limit metal leaching and agglomeration, and improve electron transfer efficiency, considerably enhancing the OER activity and stability. In situ coupling approach for preparing alloy and nitride heterojunctions on N‐doped lignin‐derived carbon offers a promising and universal catalyst design for developing renewable energy conversion technologies.
B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with iAMP21 in a patient with Down syndrome due to a constitutional isodicentric chromosome 21
Authors: Verdoni Angela M. , Zilla Megan L. , Bullock Grant , Guinipero Terri L. , Meade Julia , Yatsenko Svetlana A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is associated with various specific cytogenetic and molecular markers that have significant influence on treatment and prognosis. A subset of children has a much higher risk of developing B‐ALL due to constitutional genetic alterations such as trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). In these patients, B‐ALL is often associated with specific genomic profiles leading to leukemic transformation. In rare cases, constitutional structural chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosome 21, such as the der(15;21) Robertsonian translocation and a ring 21 chromosome, have been associated with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) B‐ALL. Here, we report the development of B‐ALL in a child with Down's syndrome who carries a constitutional isodicentric chromosome 21 [idic(21)], described previously by Putra et al., 2017. This idic(21) appeared to be unstable during mitosis, leading to somatic rearrangements consistent with iAMP21 amplification, resulting in the development of leukemia. In this case, a single constitutional structural chromosome 21 rearrangement resulted in a B‐ALL with Down syndrome‐associated genomic lesions as well as genomic lesions not common to the Down syndrome subtype of B‐ALL. Our findings highlight the need for counseling of individuals with constitutional structural chromosome 21 rearrangements regarding their risks of developing a B‐ALL.
Visible‐light‐induced Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Azoles Using Carbon Nitride
Authors: Xie Shihua , Wang Hui , Wang Yong , Yang Qifan , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn efficient visible‐light‐induced catalyzed dehydrogenation coupling of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with azoles was developed, a protocol that did not require prefunctionalization of the substrates and produced hydrogen (H2). Meanwhile, this reaction proceeded without the addition of other metal and oxidant and provided a broad range of 3‐aminoquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in medium to good yield. Furthermore, this protocol provided advantages of easy and simple operation, high chemoselectivity, and a recyclable catalyst. A preliminary mechanistic investigation revealed that the reaction involved a radical process.
Hexaphenylbenzene‐Based Deep Blue‐Emissive Metallacages as Donors for Light‐Harvesting Systems
Authors: Liu Haifei , Zhang Zeyuan , Mu Chaoqun , Ma Lingzhi , Yuan Hongye , Ling Sanliang , Wang Heng , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Mingming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe herein report the preparation of a series of hexaphenylbenzene (HPB)‐based deep blue‐emissive metallacages via multicomponent coordination‐driven self‐assembly. These metallacages feature prismatic structures with HPB derivatives as the faces and tetracarboxylic ligands as the pillars, as evidenced by NMR, mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Light‐harvesting systems were further constructed by employing the metallacages as the donor and a naphthalimide derivative (NAP) as the acceptor, owing to their good spectral overlap. The judiciously chosen metallacage serves as the antenna, providing the suitable energy to excite the non‐emissive NAP, and thus resulting in bright emission for NAP in the solid state. This study provides a type of HPB‐based multicomponent emissive metallacage and explores their applications as energy donors to light up non‐emissive fluorophores in the solid state, which will advance the development of emissive metallacages as useful luminescent materials.
Intramolecular Tricarbonyl‐Ene Reactions and α‐Hydroxy‐β‐Diketone Rearrangements Inspired by the Biosynthesis of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols
Authors: zur Bonsen Andreas B. , Peralta Ricardo A. , Fallon Thomas , Huang David M. , George Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStructurally unique natural products pose biosynthetic puzzles whose solution can inspire new chemical reactions. Herein, we propose a unified biosynthetic pathway towards some complex meroterpenoids—the hyperireflexolides, biyoulactones, hybeanones and hypermonones. This hypothesis led to the discovery of uncatalyzed, intramolecular carbonyl‐ene reactions that are spontaneous at room temperature. We also developed an anionic cascade reaction featuring an α‐hydroxy‐β‐diketone rearrangement and an intramolecular aldol reaction to access four distinct natural product scaffolds from a common intermediate.
Biodegradable Ca2+ Nanomodulators Activate Pyroptosis through Mitochondrial Ca2+ Overload for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Pan , Ding Binbin , Zhu Guoqing , Li Chunxia , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPyroptosis provides a new direction and broad prospects for cancer immunotherapy. However, the development of a nanoplatform as a pyroptosis inducer is limited, and the discovery of a new type of nano‐pyroptosis inducer for cancer immunotherapy is still imminent. Herein, biodegradable Ca2+ nanomodulators (CaNMs) are prepared as pyroptosis inducers for cancer immunotherapy via mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. The obtained CaNMs can decompose under low pH to release Ca2+ and curcumin, leading to a sudden surge in mitochondrial Ca2+ ions, eventually resulting in pyroptosis. We not only confirm the occurrence of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload‐triggered pyroptosis for the first time but also reveal the robust immune responses via CaNMs, along with remarkably suppressing tumor proliferation and lung metastasis. This work will provide new strategies and inspiration for pyroptosis‐mediated cancer treatments, greatly contributing to the further development of Ca2+ nanomodulators.
Proton‐Gradient‐Driven Sensitivity Enhancement of Liposome‐Encapsulated Supramolecular Chemosensors
Authors: Nilam Mohamed , Karmacharya Shreya , Nau Werner M. , Hennig Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn overarching challenge in the development of supramolecular sensor systems is to enhance their sensitivity, which commonly involves the synthesis of refined receptors with increased affinity to the analyte. We show that a dramatic sensitivity increase by 1–2 orders of magnitude can be achieved by encapsulating supramolecular chemosensors inside liposomes and exposing them to a pH gradient across the lipid bilayer membrane. This causes an imbalance of the influx and efflux rates of basic and acidic analytes leading to a significantly increased concentration of the analyte in the liposome interior. The utility of our liposome‐enhanced sensors was demonstrated with various host–dye reporter pairs and sensing mechanisms, and we could easily increase the sensitivity towards multiple biologically relevant analytes, including the neurotransmitters serotonin and tryptamine.
Spherical boron nitride/pitch‐based carbon fiber/silicone rubber composites for high thermal conductivity and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Authors: Xie Jian , Li Chenjian , Fu Yuheng , Chen Zhimin , Wang Xuelin , Qin Hongmei , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhang Shixian , Wang Shan , Xiong Chuanxi , Zhu Shipeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComposites with high thermal conductivity and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance are very important for the long‐term stable operation of electronic equipment. In this work, we report a simple and effective method to construct thermally and electrically conductive network pathways by hybridizing pitch‐based carbon fiber (PCF) and spherical boron nitride (s‐BN), in which PCF plays the role in building the framework, and s‐BN acts as a bridge to connect the PCF framework. This can simultaneously enhance the thermal conductivity and EMI shielding efficiency (SE) of silicone rubber (SR) composites. The s‐BN10/PCF20/SR composite could achieve 5.81 W m−1 K−1 of bulk thermal conductivity. The total EMI SE reached 51 dB at the X‐band of 8.2–12.4 GHz. In addition, the s‐BN10/PCF20/SR would have a good heat resistance index (HRI). The tensile strength and elongation at break of the s‐BN10/PCF20/SR were 1.08 MPa and 21.98%, respectively, and its density was only 1.391 g/cm3. In brief, this work provides a simple and effective method to fabricate SR composites with light weight, good thermal stability and suitable mechanical properties to be applied in thermal management and EMI shielding of current electronic equipment.
Improvement in anti‐biofouling property of polyamide thin‐film composite membranes by using copper nanoparticles
Authors: Ngo Thu Hong Anh , Nguyen Tung Duc , Nguyen Vuong Duy , Tran Dung Thi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembrane biofouling is a major problem of the membrane process owing to microbial growth and biofilm on the membrane surface. In this work, a thin‐film composite polyamide membrane was modified with poly(ethylene glycol) and copper nanoparticles. Results demonstrated that surface modification induced changes in membrane‐surface characteristics and enhanced filtration property. The membrane surfaces became more hydrophilic (decreased water contact angle from around 48° to 28°) and had better antibacterial properties than the original ones. The separation property of modified membranes improved, increasing the membrane flux (up to 40%) and antifouling property simultaneously. In particular, the maintained flux ratio (anti‐biofouling property) significantly increased after 4 days of immersing the membranes in Escherichia coli bacterial solution. The membranes were then used for filtration tests with different foulants, such as humic acid and bovine serum albumin solutions.
Finite‐time estimation for a class of systems with unknown time‐delay using modulating functions‐based method
Authors: Asiri Sharefa , Liu Da‐Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTime‐delay systems are widely used to model real problems. Most of the works on such systems assume prior knowledge of the delay, which is mostly unknown in real applications. This paper aims to fast and robustly estimate unknown delay, parameters, and output derivatives for a class of linear time‐delay systems in noisy environment. First, the classical modulating functions method is combined with the recursive least square algorithm and the Gauss–Newton method to estimate the coefficients and the time‐delay, respectively. Second, the generalized modulating functions method is adopted to provide algebraic integral formulas to estimate the output derivatives using the estimated parameters. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed methods.