bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care partner needs of people with neurodegenerative disorders: What are the needs, and how well do the current assessment tools capture these needs? A systematic meta‐review
Authors: Kinchin Irina , Edwards Layla , Adrion Emily , Chen Yaohua , Ashour Aya , Leroi Iracema , Brugulat‐Serrat Anna , Phillips Jane , Masterson Fiona , Kochovska Slavica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe burden on care partners, particularly once dementia emerges, is among the greatest of all caregiving groups. This meta‐review aimed to (1) synthesis evidence on the self‐reported needs of care partners supporting people living with neurodegenerative disorders; (2) compare the needs according to care partner and care recipient characteristics; and (3) determine the face validity of existing care partner needs assessment tools.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of reviews involving a thematic synthesis of care partner needs and differences in needs according to demographic and other characteristics. We then conducted a gap analysis by identifying the themes of needs from existing needs assessment tools specific to dementia and cross‐matching them with the needs derived from the thematic synthesis.ResultsDrawing on 17 published reviews, the identified range of needs fell into four key themes: (1) knowledge and information, (2) physical, social and emotional support, (3) care partner self‐care, and (4) care recipient needs. Needs may differ according to disease trajectory, relationship to the care recipient, and the demographic characteristics of the care partner and recipient. The ‘captured needs’ range between 8% and 66% across all the included needs assessment tools.ConclusionsCurrent tools do not fully or adequately capture the self‐identified needs of care partners of people living with neurodegenerative disorders. Given the high burden on care partners, which has been further exacerbated by the COVID‐19 (SARS CoV‐2) pandemic, the needs assessment tools should align with the self‐reported needs of care partners throughout the caregiving trajectory to better understand unmet needs and target supportive interventions.
What is digital transformation? Core tensions facing established companies on the global stage
Authors: Furr Nathan , Ozcan Pinar , Eisenhardt Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch summaryDigital transformation is a dominant theme in the global economy, but what it means for established companies remains perplexing for both academics and practitioners. As digital erases familiar geographic, industrial, and organizational boundaries, it has led to simplistic characterizations such as “digital changes everything.” Yet while digital changes some things, others remain the same. Here, we identify three core tensions at the heart of digital transformation—products vs platforms, firms vs ecosystems, and people vs tools—and describe their underlying economics, driving forces, and countervailing forces. These tensions frame a concrete discussion of strategic alternatives for global companies. Overall, we emphasize that digital transformation is not an objective state, but rather a strategic choice by executives from an array of alternatives.Managerial summaryDigital transformation is a dominant theme in the global economy, but what it means remains perplexing for executives and academics. Pundits claim that “digital changes everything” and that leaders must “disrupt or be disrupted,” but is this really true for established companies serving robust customer needs on the global stage? Understanding what digital transformation means can be challenging as it breaks down familiar geographic, industrial, and organizational boundaries, creating new opportunities and threats. In this paper, we explore three key tensions at the heart of digital transformation—products vs platforms, firms vs ecosystems, and people vs tools—and enumerate their enabling and constraining forces. Building on these concrete constructs provides effective foundations for formulating digital transformation strategy.
Prognostic value of lesion dissemination in doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine‐treated, interimPET‐negative classical Hodgkin Lymphoma patients: A radio‐genomic study
Authors: Durmo Rexhep , Donati Benedetta , Rebaud Louis , Cottereau Anne Segolene , Ruffini Alessia , Nizzoli Maria Elena , Ciavarella Sabino , Vegliante Maria Carmela , Nioche Christophe , Meignan Michel , Merli Francesco , Versari Annibale , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Buvat Irene , Luminari Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the prognostic role of the largest distance between two lesions (Dmax), defined by positron emission tomography (PET) in a retrospective cohort of newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) patients. We also explored the molecular bases underlying Dmax through a gene expression analysis of diagnostic biopsies. We included patients diagnosed with cHL from 2007 to 2020, initially treated with ABVD, with available baseline PET for review, and with at least two FDG avid lesions. Patients with available RNA from diagnostic biopsy were eligible for gene expression analysis. Dmax was deduced from the three‐dimensional coordinates of the baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and its effect on progression free survival (PFS) was evaluated. Gene expression profiles were correlated with Dmax and analyzed using CIBERSORTx algorithm to perform deconvolution. The study was conducted on 155 eligible cHL patients. Using its median value of 20 cm, Dmax was the only variable independently associated with PFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.1–6.63, pValue = 0.03) in multivariate analysis of PFS for all patients and for those with early complete metabolic response (iPET‐). Among patients with iPET‐low Dmax was associated with a 4‐year PFS of 90% (95% CI 82.0–98.9) significantly better compared to high Dmax (4‐year PFS 72.4%, 95% CI 61.9–84.6). From the analysis of gene expression profiles differences in Dmax were mostly associated with variations in the expression of microenvironmental components. In conclusion our results support tumor dissemination measured through Dmax as novel prognostic factor for cHL patients treated with ABVD.
Reliability and preliminary reference values for the Total Faulty Breathing Scale (TFBS): A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mohan Vikram , Branney Jonathan , Clark Carol , Neal Rebecca , Jagannathan Madhanagopal , Paungmali Aatit , Perri Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe evaluation of breathing function is crucial in the clinical examination of the respiratory system. The Total Faulty Breathing Scale (TFBS) could be used in clinical settings to quantify the measurement of breathing dysfunction. Reliability data for the TFBS are available for males, but there is a requirement to determine reliability for females and to develop reference values. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the reliability in females and to establish the preliminary reference values for the TFBS.MethodsTwenty‐three healthy female participants for reliability and 44 (7 male and 37 female) participants for preliminary reference values participated in this cross‐sectional study. For both aspects of the study, participants were instructed to breathe at their own pace with no specific instruction. Then each participant was observed carrying out normal breathing for a period of 10 breaths and deep breathing for a period of 10 breaths while being assessed with the TFBS.ResultsIntrarater and interrater reliability of the TFBS showed a kappa value of 0.769 and 0.751, respectively, indicating substantial agreement for female participants. The preliminary reference categories for TFBS were reported to be normal for 20 (45.5%) participants and mild faulty breathing for the remaining 24 (54.4%) participants.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggested that TFBS was reliable to measure breathing function among female participants, and the reference categories may be helpful in the identification of normal and faulty breathing.
Evaluating changes in catchment‐scale evapotranspiration after 50% strip‐thinning in a headwater catchment
Authors: Chiu Chen‐Wei , Gomi Takashi , Hiraoka Marino , Shiraki Katsushige , Onda Yuichi , Dung Bui Xuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examined changes in catchment‐scale annual and seasonal evapotranspiration after 50% strip thinning, using runoff data from headwater catchments. The short‐term water balance (STWB) method between periods from 8 to 100 days was applied to the treated (KT) and control (KC) catchments. The estimated evapotranspiration during the pre‐ and post‐thinning periods were 840 and 910 and 780 and 860 mm/year in the catchmentsKTandKC, respectively. According to a paired catchment analysis of estimated evapotranspiration, monthly evapotranspiration increased from 3 to 20 mm from June to December, while it decreased from 7 to 31 mm from January to May. The estimated annual and monthly evapotranspiration was compatible with the values monitored in the plot‐scale interception, canopy transpiration, and ground surface evapotranspiration. Our findings showed that the decreases in evapotranspiration due to 50% thinning were similar or different in different methods of measurement when compared with thinning in the other catchments around the world. The STWB model can evaluate the effects of timber harvesting on changes in evapotranspiration (ET), including the reproduction of seasonal patterns of ET.
Intermittency as an indicator of drought in streamflow and groundwater
Authors: Yildirim Isilsu , Aksoy Hafzullah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnder normal precipitation conditions, increasing water demand causes groundwater level to deplete and streamflow to decrease. This results in more frequent intermittency. The so‐called intermittency cycle hypothesis is examined in this study. It is a vicious circle in hydrology making both surface and groundwater resources less efficient in supplying ever‐increasing water demand. To test the hypothesis, a data‐based analysis is applied to Gediz, Kucuk Menderes, and Ergene river basins in western Turkey. Results at basin‐ and station‐scale show no change in precipitation while streamflow fluctuates with a tendency to decrease and groundwater steeply declines. Groundwater is used excessively to meet the drastically increased water demand. With the overuse of groundwater, water table descends, streamflow decreases and intermittency increases. Intermittency ratio of a river is found related to the decrease in streamflow and the drop in groundwater level. It can trigger drought in streamflow and groundwater. It is concluded that intermittency can be taken as a quantitative indicator of drought in streamflow and groundwater.
En‐ConvNet: A novel approach for glaucoma detection from color fundus images using ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Elangovan Poonguzhali , Nath Malaya Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlaucomatous optic neuropathy is the preeminent cause of incurable vision impairment and blindness across the world. Manual interpretation of the pathological structures in fundus images is time‐consuming and requires the expertise of a competent specialist. With the development of deep learning approaches, automated glaucoma diagnosis is easy and effective for larger screening. Convolutional neural networks, in particular, have emerged as a promising choice for glaucoma detection from fundus images due to their remarkable success in image classification. Transferring the optimized weights from a pre‐trained model expedites and simplifies the training process of deep neural network. In this paper, a deep ensemble model using the stacking ensemble learning technique is developed to attain the optimum performance for the classification of glaucomatous and normal images. Thirteen pre‐trained models such as Alexnet, Googlenet, VGG‐16, VGG‐19, Squeezenet, Resnet‐18, Resnet‐50, Resnet‐101, Efficientnet‐b0, Mobilenet‐v2, Densenet‐201, Inception‐v3, and Xception are implemented. Their performance is compared in 65 different configurations, comprising 13 CNN architectures and five various classification approaches. A two‐stage ensemble selection technique is proposed to select the optimal configurations. Selected configurations are pooled using a probability averaging technique. The final classification is performed using an SVM classifier. In this work, publicly available databases are modified (such as: DRISHTI‐GS1‐R, ORIGA‐R, RIM‐ONE2‐R, LAG‐R, and ACRIMA‐R) based on oversampling data‐level technique for validating the performance of deep ensemble model. Ensembling the best configurations reports an overall classification accuracy of 93.4%, 79.6%, 91.3%, 99.5%, and 99.6% in DRISHTI‐GS1‐R, ORIGA‐R, RIM‐ONE2‐R, ACRIMA‐R, and LAG‐R databases, respectively.
Tunable alginate hydrogels as injectable drug delivery vehicles for optic neuropathy
Authors: Maxwell Courtney J. , Soltisz Andrew M. , Rich Wade W. , Choi Andrew , Reilly Matthew A. , Swindle‐Reilly Katelyn E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany disease pathologies, particularly in the eye, are induced by oxidative stress. In particular, injury to the optic nerve (ON), or optic neuropathy, is one of the most common causes of vision loss. Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) occurs when the ON is damaged following blunt or penetrating trauma to either the head or eye. Currently, there is no effective treatment for TON, only management options, namely the systematic delivery of corticosteroids and surgical decompression of the optic nerve. Unfortunately, neither option alleviates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for downstream damage to the ON. Additionally, the systemic delivery of corticosteroids can cause fatal off‐target effects in cases with brain involvement. In this study, we developed a tunable injectable hydrogel delivery system for local methylene blue (MB) delivery using an internal method of crosslinking. MB was chosen due to its ROS scavenging ability and neuroprotective properties. Our MB‐loaded polymeric scaffold demonstrated prolonged release of MB as well as in situ gel formation. Additionally, following rheological characterization, these alginate hydrogels demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity to human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro and exhibited injection feasibility through small‐gauge needles. Our chosen MB concentrations displayed a high degree of ROS scavenging following release from the alginate hydrogels, suggesting this approach may be successful in reducing ROS levels following ON injury, or could be applied to other ocular injuries.
Metabolic abnormalities, liver and body fat in American versus Chinese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Wei , Su Grace L , Sravanthi Kaza , Huang Rui , Wang Yi , Rao Huiying , Wei Lai , Lok Anna S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in the United States and China. We compared prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and quantity and quality of body fat between American versus Chinese patients with NAFLD.MethodsNAFLD patients were prospectively recruited from the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) in the United States and Peking University Health Sciences Center (PUHSC) in China. All patients had baseline computed tomography (CT), laboratory tests and Fibroscan® controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Comparisons were made for overall cohorts and matched cohorts (matched for sex, age, and body mass index [BMI] category). Logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of moderate and severe steatosis and lack of advanced fibrosis.ResultsOne‐hundred and one American and One‐hundred and sixty Chinese patients were included. UMHS patients were older, with higher prevalence of MS, had higher LSM and CAP scores, and more fat in liver, visceral, subcutaneous, and muscle compartments than PUHSC patients. Differences in LSM, visceral fat Hounsfield unit, and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) persisted in the matched cohort. NAFLD patients with MS had significantly higher LSM, and more fat in liver, visceral, subcutaneous and muscle compartments than those without. Moderate or severe steatosis was independently associated with MS, visceral fat quality, and SFA, while the absence of advanced fibrosis was associated with Asian race and not having MS.ConclusionAmerican patients with NAFLD had more liver fibrosis than Chinese patients despite having better quality visceral fat and after matching for age, sex, and BMI category.
JID ‘Long run effects of Covid‐19 on developing countries’ Special Issue Editorial Introduction
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra , Vadlamannati Krishna 
Published: May 2022

The developing world has experienced unprecedented effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The devastating effects of this major crisis are felt in all possible spheres of the developing world and with a serious impact on social and economic development in developing countries. The spread of Covid‐19, which has brought the world to a near standstill, has given rise to the question on the socioeconomic effects of the pandemic. The special issue on Covid‐19 at JID aims to bring together contemporary research on several aspects of how the devastating effects of the pandemic have panned out in different spheres of life, particularly, in the developing world. This special issue has 10 papers with a particular emphasis on evidence of the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South America.The volume documents studies on the effects of the pandemic at the macro‐level, for economy wide effects, the impact of the pandemic on firms and on its effects on households.
Optimal design of proportional integral derivative acceleration controller for higher‐order nonlinear time delay system using m‐MBOA technique
Authors: Arulvadivu J. , Manoharan S. , Lal Raja Singh R. , Giriprasad S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn general, the parameter adjustment is used to design the proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers. Despite that, to enhance the capacity of control performance by adjusting parameters is limited. Therefore, in this paper, an optimal design of proportional integral derivative acceleration (PIDA) controller is proposed for higher‐order nonlinear time delay system (TDS) using modified butterfly optimization algorithm (MBOA) with the aim of achieving optimal closed‐loop response, which is enhanced with mutualism system (m‐MBOA). In the proposed approach, the mutualism stage of symbiotic organisms search (SOS) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) global exploration phase is considered. The major aim of the proposed approach is to “tune the gain of the PIDA controller to get the desired response.” It reduces the drawback of the PIDA controller in the higher‐order TDS using advanced control limits is the individuality of the proposed approach. Here, the proposed approach is employed to reduce the higher‐order delays together with reliability limits, like minor overshoots, time resolution, and fixed stage deficiency. To evaluate the proposed PIDA controller, the execution is done by the MATLAB/Simulink platform, also its efficiency is compared with existing approaches. Moreover, the proposed and existing approaches are analyzed with mean, median, and standard deviations. From the analysis, the proposed approach achieves the stability with minimal delay time and reduces the computational complexity. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can efficiently with accurately find the optimal global solutions.
Residue and distribution of drip irrigation and spray application of two diamide pesticides in corn and dietary risk assessment for different consumer groups
Authors: Li Xianjia , Sun Zheng , Yan Tiantian , Li Yuan , Zhang Xue , Liu Miaojiao , Lin Yigang , Zhang Zhixiang , Xu Hanhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs the use of diamide insecticides on corn continues to increase, there is growing concern about their residue levels on corn and dietary risks to populations. In this study, the distribution, dispersion and transfer efficiency of two diamide insecticides (tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) and cyantraniliprole (CNAP)) in different parts of corn and soil were investigated in a 1‐year field trial in Guangzhou and Lanzhou using two different application methods – spray and drip irrigation, respectively – and the dietary risk of the insecticides to different consumer populations was assessed under the two application methods.RESULTSThe results showed that drip irrigation had a longer persistence period than spraying, and there was a hysteresis in the absorption distribution of the agent in different parts of corn, which was gradually transferred to the leaves after absorption from the roots. The average TE1 (transfer efficiency) and TE2 were 0.230–0.261 and 1.749–1.851 for TCAP and 0.168–0.187 and 2.363–2.815 for CNAP, respectively. At corn harvest, both TCAP and CNAP were below detectable levels in soil and corn. For different consumer populations, hazard quotients ranged from 0.001 to 0.066 for TCAP and from 0.003 to 0.568 for CNAP – both well below 100%.CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that TCAP and CNAP applied by spray or drip irrigation are safe for long‐term risk of human intake and also provides guidance for the use of both insecticides in agricultural production to control corn pests, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A method for tracking the Brownian motion to estimate the size distribution of submicron particles in seawater
Authors: Xiong Yuanheng , Zhang Xiaodong , Hu Lianbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBecause the diffusivity of particles undergoing the Brownian motion is inversely proportional to their sizes, the size distribution of submicron particles can be estimated by tracking their movement. This particle tracking analysis (PTA) has been applied in various fields, but mainly focused on resolving monodispersed particle populations and is rarely used for measuring oceanic particles that are naturally polydispersed. We demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulation that, in principle, PTA can be used to size natural, oceanic particles. We conducted a series of lab experiments using microbeads of NIST‐traceable sizes to evaluate the performance of ViewSizer 3000, a PTA‐based commercial instrument, and found two major uncertainties: (1) the sample volume varies with the size of particles and (2) the signal‐to‐noise ratio for particles of sizes < 200–250 nm was reduced and hence their concentration was underestimated with the presence of larger particles. After applying the volume correction, we found the instrument can resolve oceanic submicron particles of sizes greater than 250 nm with a mean absolute error of 3.9% in size and 38% in concentration.