bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multipitched plasmonic nanoparticle grating for broadband light enhancement in white light-emitting organic diodes
Authors: Auer-Berger Manuel , Tretnak Veronika , Sommer Christian , Wenzl Franz-Peter , Krenn Joachim R. , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe apply regular arrays of plasmonic nanodisks to enhance light emission from an organic white light-emitting diode (WOLED). To achieve broadband enhancement, we apply, first, aluminum as a nanodisk material with moderate loss throughout the whole visible spectral range. Second, broadband light coupling is mediated by surface lattice resonances from a multipitch array built from two superimposed gratings with different grating constants formed by elliptic and circular nanodisks. To demonstrate the viability of this concept, the grating structure was embedded in the hole transport layer of a solution-processed phosphorescent WOLED exhibiting a current efficiency of 2.1 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2. The surface lattice resonances in the grating raise the current efficiency of the device by 23% to 2.6 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2, while the device emission changes from a neutral white to a warm white appearance with CIE1931 (x,y) coordinates of (0.361, 0.352) and (0.404, 0.351), respectively. The WOLED was characterized in detail optically by extinction and angle-resolved photoluminescence and as well by electroluminescence measurements for its opto-electronic characteristics. The experimental results agree well with finite-difference time domain simulations that aim at a better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms. In summary, our work presents a novel versatile approach for achieving broadband enhancement of light emission in WOLEDs over a wide spectral range.
Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study
Authors: Jaeger Vanessa , Koletzko Berthold , Luque Veronica , Ferré Natàlia , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Gradowska Kinga , Verduci Elvira , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Xhonneux Annick , Poncelet Pascale , Grote Veit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age.

Methods
Data from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon). The average energy and nutrient intakes were expressed as percentage of total energy intake (%E). Nutrients were additionally expressed as percentage per EO (%EEO). Foods were assigned to food groups; variation in intake was calculated via coefficient of variation (CV). We analyzed age trends in diurnal intake using mixed-effects beta regression.

Results
The 740 healthy children included in the analysis consumed the largest proportion of daily energy at lunch (31%E ± 8, M ± SD) and supper (26%E ± 8), followed by breakfast (19%E ± 7) and snacks [afternoon (16%E ± 8); morning (8%E ± 7)], with the most variable intake at morning snack (CV = 0.9). The nutrient composition at lunch and supper was highest for fat (36 ± 9%ELunch; 39 ± 11%ESupper) and protein (18 ± 5%ELunch; 18 ± 6%ESupper) and at breakfast and snacks for carbohydrates (54 ± 12%EBreakfast; 62 ± 12%ESnacks). High-sugar content foods were consumed in relatively large proportions at breakfast and snacks. Food intakes varied significantly with age, with lower snack intakes at later ages (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Possibly unhealthy EOs with high-fat intakes and high-sugar-content foods were observed. Changes in nutrient composition of EOs may be beneficial for health.
Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00338689; 19/June/2006.
Less improvement in knee function and higher rates of dissatisfaction in the short-term following total knee arthroplasty in people with mild radiographic arthritis
Authors: Khatib Yasser , Xia Andrew , Liu Rui , Naylor Justine M. , Harris Ian A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to assess if severity of radiographic changes of knee arthritis was associated with patient improvement after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesised that patients with mild arthritis were more likely to report lower satisfaction, improvement in knee function and Oxford knee score (OKS) compared to patients with moderate or severe arthritis.

Materials and methods
Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from TKA patients of two arthroplasty centres with knee radiographs available for assessment of disease severity. Patients completed the Oxford knee score (OKS) and were asked to rate the global improvement in knee condition and their satisfaction at 6 months post-TKA. Bivariable analysis and multivariable regression models were used to test the association between disease severity and each outcome.

Results
2226 patients underwent primary TKA and 3.6% had mild arthritis. Mean OKS improved from 17.0 (SD 18.0) to 38.0 (SD 8.1) 6 months after TKA. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (10%) reported ‘Poor’ or ‘Fair’ satisfaction, and 173 (8%) reported knee function was ‘Much worse’, ‘A little worse’ or ‘About the same’ 6 months post-TKA. Patients with mild arthritis showed improvement in OKS [mean improvement in OKS = 19 (SD 15)], but were significantly more likely to report dissatisfaction (OR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.62 to 5.91, p = 0.006), lack of improvement (OR = 4.49, 95% CI 2.38 to 8.47, p < 0.001) and lower OKS scores (− 3 points, 95% CI − 5.39 to − 0.85, p = 0.008) compared to patients with moderate to severe arthritis.

Conclusions
While patients with mild radiographic arthritic changes improve after TKA, they were significantly more likely to report higher rates of dissatisfaction, less improvement in knee function and OKS compared to patients with moderate-severe grades of arthritis.
Anticancer bioactivity of zerumbone on pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Urla Cristian , Stagno Matias Julian , Fuchs Jörg , Warmann Steven W. , Schmid Evi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Natural products are generally regarded as safe and have been shown to mediate anticancer activities against a variety of cell types. Zerumbone is a natural cyclic sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet, which has attracted extensive attention in the recent decade for anticancer activities. The present study investigates the in vitro effect of zerumbone on rhabdomyosarcoma cells.

Methods
Two rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (RD and RH30) were used as the model system. The growth inhibition of zerumbone was measured by MTT-assay, apoptosis via flow cytometry, gene expression by real-time PCR, the migration by transwell assay, and intracellular signaling by Western blotting.

Results
Zerumbone shows anticancer effects on RD and RH30 cells in a dose-dependent manner via cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Exposure of RD and RH30 cells on zerumbone also resulted in a decrease of migration and downregulation of the hedgehog pathway.

Conclusions
Taken together, our study provided the first evidence that zerumbone imparted strong inhibitory and apoptotic effects on pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and merit further investigation as a promising candidate for the anticancer therapy.
Geothermie-Großprojekte im ländlich-peripheren Kenia: Chancen und Herausforderungen zwischen Stromerzeugung für den nationalen Markt und regionaler Entwicklung durch direct use
Authors: Klagge Britta 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer zunehmende Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien geht mit einer grundlegenden Transformation bestehender Energiesysteme einher. Die damit verbundenen Umstrukturierungen an den Kraftwerkstandorten sind häufig konflikthaft, bergen aber auch Chancen für die Regionalentwicklung vor Ort. Dies gilt nicht nur für Deutschland, sondern auch in Kenia und allgemeiner Subsahara-Afrika. Besonders spannend sind in dieser Region aktuell Geothermie-Großprojekte, da sie neben der Stromerzeugung für das nationale Netz auch Möglichkeiten der direkten Nutzung (direct use) von Dampf bzw. heißem Wasser vor Ort bieten. Ein wichtiges Pionierland dafür ist Island, wo außer Gebäudeheizungen auch gewerbliche Prozesse mit geothermischer Wärme bzw. Dampf betrieben werden. Hierzu gehören neben Gemüseanbau in Gewächshäusern und Fischzucht in Aquakulturteichen die Produktion von Bier, Speiseeis und Algen sowie weitere gewerbliche Prozesse.Für Kenia ist Island ein wichtiges Referenzland, da viele kenianische Geothermie-Expert:innen dort aus- und weitergebildet werden. Tatsächlich werden in Kenia bereits verschiedene Formen direkter geothermischer Nutzung erprobt. Neben dem bereits länger etablierten Blumenanbau und einem Spa sind dies Pilotprojekte mit Milch-Pasteurisierung, Gemüseanbau in Gewächshäusern, einer Wäscherei, Aquakulturteichen und Getreidetrocknung. Diese sowie weitere angedachte Nutzungen könnten insbesondere für Kenias ländlich-peripheren Norden, wo in großem Maßstab geothermische Ressourcen erschlossen werden (sollen), Chancen zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung bieten. Bisher sind dort viele Haushalte nicht ans nationale Stromnetz angeschlossen, und außerhalb der wenigen Städte leben die Menschen oft von mobiler Viehhaltung, ergänzt durch marginalen Ackerbau. Vor diesem Hintergrund und mit Fokus auf die Entwicklung der kenianischen Stromerzeugung und Geothermie-Projekte in Menengai und Baringo-Silali diskutiert der Beitrag die sich daraus ergebenden Chancen und Herausforderungen für die lokale wirtschaftliche Entwicklung.
Review: Urban groundwater issues and resource management, and their roles in the resilience of cities
Authors: La Vigna Francesco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationships between cities and underlying groundwater are reviewed, with the aim to highlight the importance of urban groundwater resources in terms of city resilience value. Examples of more than 70 cities worldwide are cited along with details of their groundwater-related issues, specific experiences, and settings. The groundwater-related issues are summarized, and a first groundwater-city classification is proposed in order to facilitate a more effective city-to-city comparison with respect to, for example, the best practices and solutions that have been put in practice by similar cities in terms of local groundwater resources management. The interdependences between some groundwater services and the cascading effects on city life in cases of shock (e.g., drought, heavy rain, pollution, energy demand) and chronic stress (e.g., climate change) are analyzed, and the ideal groundwater-resilient-city characteristics are proposed. The paper concludes that groundwater is a crucial resource for planning sustainability in every city and for implementing city resilience strategies from the climate change perspective.
Comparison of leaf litter decomposition and microbial decomposer communities in fringe and riverine mangroves in French Guiana
Authors: Dhaou Dounia , Gros Raphaël , Baldy Virginie , Adotévi Adoudé , Gaboriau Maeva , Estevez Yannick , Lecareux Caroline , Dupouyet Sylvie , Fernandez Catherine , Bousquet-Mélou Anne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMangroves are highly productive and changing forests located in the intertidal zone of tropical regions. Leaf litter decomposition represents a substantial part of their carbon sink abilities. Little is known about the potential effect of climate change on this key process of ecosystem functioning. This study compared leaf litter microbial decay between fringe and riverineAvicennia germinansstands. A direct and reciprocal transplant experiment using litterbags was setup in French Guiana to test 3 hypotheses: (i) the activities and abundance of microbial decomposers are lowest in the fringe mangroves due to exposure to saline water and tidal immersion; (ii) for these reasons, litter decomposes faster in riverine stands; and (iii) according to the home-field advantage hypothesis, litter decomposes more rapidly in the environment from which it originates. Remaining litter masses, abundance of litter microbial community (phospholipid fatty acid signatures (PLFA)), and their functional capability (enzyme activities and Biolog) were assessed. Litter directly transplanted in riverine stands showed higher enzymatic activity (+ 77%), catabolic diversity (+ 10%), and microbial biomass (+ 60%) than litter transplanted directly in fringe stands. In contrast, both riverine and fringe derived litter showed faster decay at the fringe (14% mass loss) than riverine site (4% mass loss) between 30 and 45 days. Here, environmental conditions associated with different distances from the sea such as salinity and inundation regimes, rather than microbial features are suggested as main factors affecting decomposition process. Expected sea level rise in the coastal Guianas may therefore modify the mangroves productivity in the coming decades.
A self-interpretable module for deep image classification on small data
Authors: La Rosa Biagio , Capobianco Roberto , Nardi Daniele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep neural networks are the driving force of the recent explosion of machine learning applications in everyday life. However, they usually require a lot of training data to work well, and they act as black-boxes, making predictions without any explanation about them. This paper presents Memory Wrap, a module (i.e, a set of layers) that can be added to deep learning models to improve their performance and interpretability in settings where few data are available. Memory Wrap adopts a sparse content-attention mechanism between the input and some memories of past training samples. We show that adding Memory Wrap to standard deep neural networks improves their performance when they learn from a limited set of data, and allows them to reach comparable performance when they learn from the full dataset. We discuss how the analysis of its structure and content-attention weights helps to get insights about its decision process and makes their predictions more interpretable, compared to the same networks without Memory Wrap. We test our approach on image classification tasks using several networks on three different datasets, namely CIFAR10, SVHN, and CINIC10.
A hybrid adversarial training for deep learning model and denoising network resistant to adversarial examples
Authors: Ryu Gwonsang , Choi Daeseon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that generate adversarial examples by adding small perturbations to the clean images. To combat adversarial attacks, the two main defense methods used are denoising and adversarial training. However, both methods result in the DNN having lower classification accuracy for clean images than conventionally trained DNN models. To overcome this problem, we propose a hybrid adversarial training (HAT) method that trains the denoising network and DNN model simultaneously. The proposed HAT method uses both clean images and adversarial examples denoised by the denoising network and non-denoised clean images and adversarial examples to train the DNN model. The results of experiments conducted on the MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and GTSRB datasets show that the HAT method results in a higher classification accuracy than both conventional training with a denoising network and previous adversarial training methods. They also indicate that training with the HAT method results in average improvements in robustness of 0.84%, 27.33%, 28.99%, and 17.61% against adversarial attacks compared with several state-of-the-art adversarial training methods on the MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and GTSRB datasets, respectively. Thus, the proposed HAT method results in improved robustness for DNNs against a wider range of adversarial attacks.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in Accelerated, Transonic Wake Flows
Authors: Richter Judith , Alexopoulos Charalampos , Weigand Bernhard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in compressible accelerated wake flows generated by two different central injector types, which are mounted in a convergent-divergent nozzle. The injectors differ by the extent of their trailing edge located either in the subsonic (injector A) or supersonic flow region (injector B). In addition, the undisturbed nozzle flow without injector is studied as a reference case. The PIV results reveal typical wake flow structures expected in subsonic (injector A) and supersonic (injector B) wake flows. They further show that the Reynolds stresses $$\mathrm {Re_{xx}}$$

Re
xx

and $$\mathrm {Re_{yy}}$$

Re
yy

significantly decay in all three cases due to the strong acceleration throughout the nozzle. Interestingly, in the case of injector A, the flow stays non-isotropic with $$\mathrm {Re_{yy}}>\mathrm {Re_{xx}}$$

Re
yy

>

Re
xx

also far downstream in the supersonic flow region. These measurements were motivated by the lack of velocity data needed to validate numerical simulations. That is why this paper additionally contains results from (unsteady) Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes ((U)RANS) simulations of the two wake flows investigated experimentally. The URANS simulation of the injector A case is able to accurately predict the entire flow field and periodic fluctuations at the wake centerline. However, in the case of injector B, the RANS simulation underestimates the far wake centerline velocity by about $$4\%$$

4
%

.
Microaggressions, Interrupted: The Experience and Effects of Gender Microaggressions for Women in STEM
Authors: Kim Jennifer Y. , Meister Alyson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWomen continue to remain underrepresented in STEM, and this gender disparity is particularly pronounced in leadership positions. Through in-depth, qualitative interviews of 39 women leaders in STEM, we identify common gender microaggressions they experience, and explore how these microaggressions affect their leadership experience and outcomes in the workplace. Our findings highlight five types of gender microaggressions women most often encounter, and how and when these microaggressions occur. We explore the negative impact that microaggressions can have on women’s work identities and how they can trigger a cycle of rumination and self-doubt that may ultimately result in women choosing to leave STEM. Importantly, we surface the interventional and empowering role that allies play in triggering a redemptive sensemaking process that can support women leaders to build resilience and counter the negative effects of microaggressions.
Clinical Outcome of Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Angioplasty Versus Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for the Treatment of Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent In-Stent Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Wu Zheng , Wang Shaoping , Liu Tong , Liu Jinghua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
In-stent chronic total occlusion (IS-CTO) represents a unique challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention. Whether the optimal treatment for IS-CTO is angioplasty with paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCBs) or repeat stenting with drug-eluting stents (DESs) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of PCB angioplasty and DES repeat stenting for DES IS-CTO.

Methods
We retrospectively included patients with DES IS-CTO who underwent successful PCB angioplasty or DES repeat stenting from January 2016 to December 2019. The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Cox proportional hazards model was performed to compare the risk of MACEs between PCB angioplasty and DES repeat stenting, and to further explore the prognostic factors of patients with DES IS-CTO.

Results
A total of 214 patients with DES IS-CTO were enrolled: 78 patients (36.4%) treated with PCB and 136 patients (63.6%) treated with DES respectively. The median follow-up was 1160 days, and MACEs were observed in 28.2% of patients with PCB angioplasty versus 26.5% of patients with DES repeat stenting (P = 0.784), mainly driven by TLR (21.8% vs. 19.9%, P = 0.735). There was no significant difference in the risk of MACEs between the PCB group and the DES group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–2.46, P = 0.512). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that chronic kidney disease and ≥ 3 stent layers in the lesion were independent predictors of MACEs, while switching to another antiproliferative drug was an independent protective factor (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
PCB angioplasty was an effective alternative treatment strategy for DES IS-CTO, which had similar long-term outcomes to DES repeat stenting in contemporary practice, but both were accompanied by a high rate of long-term MACEs. Improving the poor prognosis of patients with DES IS-CTO remains a challenge.
A study of children emotion and their performance while handwriting Arabic characters using a haptic device
Authors: Zakraoui Jezia , Saleh Moutaz , Al-Maadeed Somaya , AlJa’am Jihad Mohamad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmotion and focus of children during handwriting are essential for language learning. Handwriting for young children is challenging because it needs deep motivation and willingness to complete the task regardless of its difficulty. Recently, emerged haptic guidance systems have a good potential to offer children a better sense of engagement to keep their interests awake. Yet, handwriting in 3D is more challenging for children due to many reasons including demotivation, out of focus, and visuomotor coordination difficulties. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of a haptic device in analyzing schoolchildren emotion, attentiveness and handwriting performance of Arabic letters. We conducted the experiments for a period of four weeks with an immersive environment where the subjects practiced writing in VR environment using a haptic device-controlled stylus. We assessed the childrens’ emotions to get insights into their engagement during such hard learning environment. We found that our approach improved the participants’ fine-motor skills and handwriting quality. However, our analysis revealed that such task was effective on detecting emotions (angry/neutral) only as a negative/positive contributor of performance. Overall, the obtained findings can well contribute to the understanding of the relationship between students’ emotions and other variables in an attempt to support the development of adaptive learning technologies.
Exploring the impacts of learning modality changes: Validation of the learning modality change community of inquiry and self-efficacy scales
Authors: Jia Yuane , Gesing Peggy , Jun Hyun-Jin , Burbage Amanda K. , Hoang Thuha , Kulo Violet , Cestone Christina , McBrien Sarah , Tornwall Joni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rapid learning environment transition initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted students’ perception of, comfort with, and self-efficacy in the online learning environment. Garrison’s Community of Inquiry framework provides a lens for examining students’ online learning experiences through three interdependent elements: social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. Researchers in this study developed and validated the Learning Modality Change Community of Inquiry and Self-Efficacy scales to measure health professions students’ self-efficacy with online learning, while exploring how cognitive, social, and teaching presence is experienced by students who transition from one learning environment to another. The two scales demonstrate strong validity and reliability evidence and can be used by educators to explore the impacts of learning modality changes on student learning experiences. As learning environments continue to evolve, understanding the impact of these transitions can inform how educators consider curriculum design and learning environment changes.