bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drosophila Primary Neuronal Cultures as a Useful Cellular Model to Study and Image Axonal Transport
Authors: Voelzmann André , Sanchez-Soriano Natalia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of primary neuronal cultures generated from Drosophila tissue provides a powerful model for studies of transport mechanisms. Cultured fly neurons provide similarly detailed subcellular resolution and applicability of pharmacology or fluorescent dyes as mammalian primary neurons. As an experimental advantage for the mechanistic dissection of transport, fly primary neurons can be combined with the fast and highly efficient combinatorial genetics of Drosophila, and genetic tools for the manipulation of virtually every fly gene are readily available. This strategy can be performed in parallel to in vivo transport studies to address relevance of any findings. Here we will describe the generation of primary neuronal cultures from Drosophila embryos and larvae, the use of external fluorescent dyes and genetic tools to label cargo, and the key strategies for live imaging and subsequent analysis.
Ellis’s Philosophy and Bacon Scholarship
Authors: Verburgt Lukas M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers an account of Ellis’s philosophical development in the period between the 1830s and 1850s. The focus is on the background and context of his Bacon scholarship as co-editor of the standard Victorian edition of Bacon’s collected works. More specifically, the chapter analyzes Ellis’s religious outlook on knowledge and idealist take on induction, showing how these resonated with Whewell’s Trinity Circle, of which Ellis became a vocal advocate.
Ellis’s Papers in Trinity College, Cambridge
Authors: Smith Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe second half of this volume consists of transcriptions selected for the most part from those papers of Robert Leslie Ellis that are preserved in Trinity College Library in Cambridge. These papers do not form a discrete archive, rather they comprise a survival, or more accurately several separate survivals, among the papers of the great mid-century Master of the College, William Whewell. Whewell had married Ellis’s sister Everina Frances, widow of Sir Gilbert Affleck, in 1858. It is surely through this close family connection that the papers of the two brothers-in-law became so entwined. The importance of Whewell’s own papers may have played a hand in long-term preservation of Ellis’s literary remains, whilst Whewell’s position as Master of Trinity made the College’s Wren Library a safe repository for the large archive he left on his death, including the Ellis material he had inherited from his second wife.
Vaccine Refusal: Stories from the Front Lines of Immunization Education
Authors: Navin Mark C. , Kozak Andrea T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne way that U.S. state governments participate in immunization governance is to mandate vaccination for daycare and school enrollment. In response to rising rates of vaccine refusal, and concerns about outbreaks of previously well-controlled vaccine-preventable diseases, Michigan has chosen to require parents or guardians to attend ‘immunization counseling’ prior to receiving nonmedical exemptions to their state’s vaccine mandate. This chapter presents a brief memoir essay based on a composite of Michigan’s public health immunization educators. We constructed this composite character from interviews we conducted with 39 Michigan immunization educators. This narrative raises pressing ethics questions about the benefits and burdens of mandatory immunization education.
Using Narratives to Improve Health Literacy – An Ethical and Public Health Perspective
Authors: Glässel Andrea , Tyebally Fang Mirriam , Hendriks Manya J. , Biller-Andorno Nikola ,   The Swiss DIPEx Research Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost people have little interaction with the health system and tend to be unfamiliar with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of even common health conditions. In case of illness, the medical information delivered by health professionals can be overwhelming because of its complexity, unfamiliar terminology, and use of statistical data. Understanding such information requires specific “health literacy” skills. Health literacy empowers individuals to exercise their autonomy and self-determination regarding health-related matters. This chapter explores how health literacy and ethical questions are interrelated as illustrated using actual patient narratives of a woman’s pregnancy experiences. The narratives were collected as part of the Swiss DIPEx (Database of individual patients’ experiences) database. We demonstrate that narratives of health experiences can be used to enhance health literacy. Firstly, narratives can convey complex information in an easily understandable manner. Secondly, they allow policymakers to understand, the informational needs of users of the health care system and the communication gaps they perceive can help improve the health care system and qualitative evaluate and improve medical communication efforts. The chapter ends by raising a number of ethical questions at the individual and health system level related to the use of narratives for improving health literacy for discussion.
Naming the Patient: Partner Notification and Congenital Syphilis
Authors: Valentine Jo A. , Bolan Gail A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrgent public health problems often compel Public health professionals into situations where individual rights and population health are seemingly in conflict. Legal actions that impact an individual’s behavior may be ethically justified, but the exercise of authority alone, despite being legal, may not always be the best option. Public health interventions are more effective when practitioners have gained an individual’s trust and compliance becomes voluntary. Cooperation, not confrontation, at the individual and at the community levels, is as necessary as authority. Applying an ethical framework in the case of partner notification (PN) for sexually transmitted disease intervention supports the process of relationship-building between the practitioner and the client and leads to more successful disease intervention and prevention, promoting public health, and improving trust between local health departments and the communities they serve.
My Mother, Obesity and Me: Our Narrative. How Obesity Is Intimately Related to Biopsychosocial and Spiritual Factors
Authors: Farías-Trujillo Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe word obesity invokes multiple connotations that contain a realm of disparate descriptions ranging from disease to disdain. There are few other human conditions that cause increased morbidity and mortality and affect millions of individuals worldwide yet is viewed by many as a character fault or moral failure. This paper explores the personal experience of obesity and how it is important to face obesity not only as a biological issue, but also a philosophical one, which has its roots in a complex phenomenon. This approach allows health professionals to propose a theoretical ethic about obesity, which goes beyond mere socio-economic-religious, and leads to an applied ethics built on the firm and solid foundations of knowledge diversity. The obese human being does not live in a world of simple events, but instead faces experiences – mystical, religious, artistic, linguistic – and, from there, configures their identity, builds personality and establishes interrelations and interdependencies. While recognizing the importance of strategies to reverse the trend of increasingly sedentary lifestyles, this paper points to the need for public health obesity reduction efforts to avoid stigmatizing people who cannot lose weight.
The Boys Under My Deck: Racialized Violence and Moral Repair
Authors: Thompson Lindsay J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractData on youth violence show that youth homicide rates have increased in many parts of the world. Vigorously embracing social determinants and promoting health equity as the most effective approach to achieving health policy goals, the global public health community has nevertheless been ineffectual in saving thousands of young lives cut short violence. In the United States, the American Public Health Association has long considered violence to be a public health issue, but only recently acknowledged racism as a factor in violence. Despite a half-century of explicitly legal racial equality, the white majority in the United States have yet to create a normative critical mass of inclusive, equitable social practices to dismantle the legacy of structural racism created by their forebears. This narrative draws from Margaret Urban Walker as a response to the dilemma of white inaction by focusing on moral repair as an intentional social engagement practice to redress the legacy and practice of structural racism and racialized violence. Moral repair is especially applicable to structural racism because it acknowledges the underpinnings of wrongdoing in healing fractured societal relationships.
Voices of Our Fathers: Narrative (Care) Ethics, Trust and Trustworthiness
Authors: Hodge David Augustin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe United States Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee was the longest “medical experiment” in the United States. It was an unethical study that harmed 623 black men and their families in Macon County, Alabama. There were no protocols, no (simple) informed consent, and no end date, but there was deception. These men had no idea they were in a study. They were vulnerable to those who they thought were medical doctors of good-will, assigned to their community to help cure their “bad blood.” This chapter follows the narratives of two men who were victims of the Study, Mr. Charles Pollard and Mr. Herman Shaw, and a venereal disease expert, Dr. John Cutler, who refused to admit that he and his colleagues did anything wrong. Positive results came from the Study. Informed consent and Institutional Review Boards as requirement to medical treatment and human-subjects experiments. Additionally, the Syphilis Study and men in the Study can teach us what it means to involve empathic care in our ethics and how to understand the role of trustworthiness in our values.
Ethical Considerations with the Photovoice Research Method: A Narrative Reflection
Authors: McMorrow Shannon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores ethical considerations and challenges of using the community-based participatory research method of photovoice with marginalized populations. Experiences with conducting photovoice in an urban setting in the Midwestern United States with women refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are described along with reflection on ethical aspects of that experience. Two key related ethical considerations emerge: the roles that empathy, cultural competence, and cultural humility play in working with communities and the tension in research between benefits perceived by individual research participants and greater public health benefits for the groups they represent.
Experimental Study of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP
Authors: Hong Yihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo test the strengthening effect of CFRP sheets on reinforced concrete (RC) beams, an experimental study was performed on five RC beams to analyze the influence of the amount of CFRP sheets and the sustained load of RC beams on the strengthening effect. The results showed that CFRP sheets could significantly improve the bending bearing capacity of the beams. However, there was no linear relationship between the amount of CFRP sheets and the strengthening effect, and the load on the beams had a great impact on the rigidity of the beams in the yield stage.
Application of Composite Foundation with Long-Short CFG Piles in Engineering Accident Treatment
Authors: Tang Qiufeng , Tong Jianxing , Jia Ning , Yang Xinhui , Sun Xunhai , Yan Mingli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on the case of composite foundation with long-short CFG piles in handling the engineering accident, this paper analyzes the reasons for the insufficient bearing capacity of existing piles, proposes the reinforcement ideas and design calculation methods of composite foundation with long and short CFG piles, and gives the key construction techniques. The test and monitoring results show that the reinforcement ideas, design calculation methods and key construction techniques of composite foundation with long-short CFG piles are successful in this project, which can provide references for the design of composite foundation with long-short CFG piles and the handling of similar engineering accidents.
Research on Improvement Calculation Method of Design Thrust of Anti Slide Pile
Authors: Hou Xiaoqiang , Liu Jierui , Wang Xinfei , Zhou Zhongren , Jia Honglu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAt present, based on the transfer coefficient method, most of the anti-slide pile design thrusts are calculated by the overload method and the strength reserve method respectively. Many algorithms only consider the remaining sliding force behind the pile and the safety factor that meets the requirements of the design conditions. Generally, the safety factor is the safety factor of the sliding slope behind the pile after the anti slide pile is reinforced. For the entire landslide, there are two safety factors before and after the pile, which is not the design safety factor target value, and there is a big difference between the safety factor and the treatment goal required by the specification. Through the study of the pile-soil interaction of anti-slide piles, it is believed that in addition to the active residual sliding force transmitted by the blocks behind the pile, the anti-slide piles are simultaneously subjected to the passive residual anti-sliding force transmitted upwards by the blocks in front of the pile. The stress analysis shows that: Firstly, according to the different active and passive properties of anti-sliding force transmission and sliding force transmission, the mechanical model of anti-sliding force transmission is studied, and the calculation formula of anti-sliding force transmission coefficient is derived; Secondly, It is believed that the anti-slide pile provides horizontal thrust to the landslide, and two components of the sliding surface direction and the vertical sliding surface direction are generated. The balance equation is established and the overload method and the strength reserve method of anti-slide pile thrust calculation formula are derived; Thirdly, according to the principle of setting piles in the anti-slip section, the optimal location of anti-slide piles are proposed; Fourthly, after verification of cases, the safety factors before and after the piles calculated by the overload method are basically equal, and consistent with the design safety factors. Calculation result shows that the strength reserve method to calculate the safety factor before the pile is accurate and reliable, and the result of the safety factor behind the pile is relatively small.
Vibration-Based Damage Joint Identification Method for Superstructure and Substructure of Piles-Supported Frame Structure
Authors: Zhou Zhengang , Liu Dejun , Lv Xiujie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to jointly identify the damage locations of superstructure and substructure of the piles-supported frame structures, a damage identification method based on vibration is proposed. Firstly, the high-efficiency modes which are sensitive to the damage of the piles-supported frame structures are determined. Then, the element modal strain energy difference functions of the corresponding high-efficiency modes are calculated before and after the damage, and finally the damage locations are identified by the average values of the absolute values of the wavelet transform coefficients of the element modal strain energy difference functions of high-efficiency modes. The effectiveness of the method is studied by numerical simulation. Numerical results show that the method can identify the damage location of the single damage or multiple damage of the piles-supported frame structures. Although the adjacent effect exists, the damage areas can be effectively located. At the same time, the method can effectively identify the damage locations of the hidden pile foundation.
Improvement Measures for Structure System Conversions Caused by Utilising SPMTs to Lift Trusses
Authors: Wen Zitong , Zhou Jian , Dong Jing , Zhang Chizhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the demand for accelerated construction is increasing these years, much attention has been paid to accelerated bridge construction (ABC) methods. The self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs) are widely utilised in the ABC method as a versatile transport carrier. However, since the limitation of the SPMTs method, several structural system conversions will happen during truss installation, and tensile stress will potentially appear at the upper chord of the truss. Moreover, it is worth noticing the dynamic effects caused by utilising SPMTs to lift the truss can enlarge the impact of tensile stress. As one type of prestressing, beams prestressed with external tendons can effectively reduce the tensile stress. In order to reduce the impact of cracks caused by tensile stress, the feasibility of adopting temporary external pre-stressing tendons is discussed combined with the simulation results of MIDAS in this research.
Research and Development and Pilot Application of Innovative Technology of Prefabricated Concrete
Authors: Zhang Jindan , Cai Jun , Su Ying , He Qingyou , Lin Xinyue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRelying on the prefabricated construction project of a university in Guangxi, the standardization design of the building structure is proposed for the low standardization of prefabricated building design and serious conflicts in on-site construction, and the reinforced U-shaped ring is especially proposed for the problem of node collision in site construction. Advanced connection technologies such as buckle connection and steel slot connection and new components such as laminated truss floor slabs and corrugated pipe through-hole prefabricated columns. At the same time, BIM technology is used to verify the technical scheme. The result shows: the standardization degree of the integrated design of building structure proposed in the article High, can significantly improve the design and production efficiency, and the use of new connection technology and new components can effectively reduce the collision of steel bars and facilitate construction.
Pavement Crack Detection and Quantification Based on Scanning Grid and Projection Method
Authors: Sun Zhaoyun , Pei Lili , Yuan Bo , Du Yaohui , Li Wei , Han Yuxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPavement cracks are difficult to monitor and quantify due to their complex texture and easy to be disturbed by noise and illumination. To solve this problem, a road crack monitoring and quantification method based on vehicle video is proposed. First, a method for extracting morphological features of dynamic road cracks is proposed. Combine automated vehicle-mounted equipment with GPS signals to obtain crack images with location information. Then, a calculation algorithm of crack parameters based on the combination of UK scanning grid and projection method is proposed, which uses the reverse engineering principle of perspective transformation to correct the image and divides the entire image into grid blocks. Finally, based on the analysis of different crack grades, the crack distress evaluation method is improved. The experimental results show that the proposed method has strong reliability and adaptability and achieves high-frequency and wide-range road detection.
Multilateral Boundary Blasting Theory of High and Steep Slope in Open Pit Mine and Its Application
Authors: Chen Junkai , Gao Wenxue , Hao Xiangjun , Wei Zheng , Zhang Xiaojun , Liu Zhaochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAt present, the blasting theory of high and steep rock slope mainly focuses on flat terrain, ignoring the influence of micro-terrain boundary factors on blasting effect, which leads to excessive blasting energy and affects the stability of slope. Therefore, based on the theory of multilateral boundary rock blasting, this paper deduces the calculation formula of blasting charge for high and steep rock slope under multilateral boundary conditions, and verifies it with field test. The results show that: (1) The multilateral boundary charge calculation formula directly includes micro-topography boundary conditions and blasting effect, and the rock blasting theory is based on the interaction of blasting energy provided by explosives and potential energy in medium, which effectively improves the energy utilization rate of explosives. (2) The influence of surplus blasting energy on the surrounding environment under different boundary conditions is controlled, and the explosive explosion effect is effectively controlled, so that a stable high and steep slope of open pit mine is formed after blasting.
Study on Seismic Performance of Integrated Support of Steel Arch and Anchor in Loose Surrounding Rock of Highway Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Liu Xiyuan , Zhang Chong , Zhang Jing , Xu Dongqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to study the seismic performance of the new support structure with the integration of steel arch and anchor rod under the bulk surrounding rock of highway tunnel, this paper takes Xinglinpu tunnel of Yanchong expressway as the engineering background and conducts the dynamic time-history analysis of the deformation, stress and plastic zone distribution of the tunnel second lining structure under the original support and the new support according to the specification and with the help of FLAC3D finite difference software. It is concluded that the seismic performance of the original support and the new support structure is basically the same. The new support structure reduces the number of anchors, the disturbance to the surrounding rock and the cost, so the new support structure is worth promoting.
Research on Crack Propagation and Critical Water Pressure of Basalt Under Hydraulic Coupling
Authors: Tang Daming , Quan Hai , Yu Xinkai , Xu Qizhong , Zhu Zeqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydraulic coupling triaxial test and acoustic emission test were carried out for Xiluodu basalt. The test results show that the peak strength of basalt increases with the increase of confining pressure, showing a typical hard brittle behavior. When the confining pressure remains unchanged, the peak strength decreases gradually with the increase of initial water pressure, and the hard brittleness decreases; Increasing the initial water pressure can promote the propagation of rock cracks, and the cumulative count of acoustic emission increases significantly with the increase of water pressure. Under the combined action of water pressure in the hole and external stress, the tensile failure occurs first and mainly in the internal cracks of basalt. Further, the functional relationship among crack initiation stress, confining pressure and water pressure is obtained through theoretical derivation and three-dimensional spatial data fitting. On this basis, the empirical relationship between critical water pressure, confining pressure and water pressure is established. The correlation is consistent with the test results, which has a good reference value for the study of critical water pressure of basalt crack propagation under hydraulic coupling.