bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What matters to short interpregnancy intervals between pregnancies in Western Australia?
Authors: Tessema Gizachew , Dunne Jennifer , Pereira Gavin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesStudies showed that short interpregnancy interval - time between birth of the previous (index) child to the conception of the next - is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, impacting sibling relations, parenting, and couple relations. This study aims to investigate the demographic and obstetric determinants of short interpregnancy interval in Western Australia.
ApproachWe used a longitudinal study using data linkage obtained from Western Australian Midwives Notification System and Hospital Morbidity Data System for 150,712 women who gave births between 2006 and 2010. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% CI using Gompertz gamma shared frailty model. In the study, event was deemed when women conceived within 18 months after index (previous) births. Otherwise, we considered as censored when women conceived after 18 months of the index births or if they did not conceive until the last date of the follow up period (31st December 2015).
ResultsWe found that 20% (n=30,916) of births in WA conceived within 18 months after the index pregnancy. We found that women aged <20 years (aHR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.54), 20-34 years (aHR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.69, 1.81), women with stillbirths (HR=3.31, 95% CI: 3.00, 3.65) and women in the lowest socioeconomic status (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.19) had a greater hazard of having short interpregnancy intervals. However, women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (aHR=0,90, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.95), women with previous preeclampsia (aHR=0,92 95% CI: 0.87, 0.90), women with more than one previous birth ((aHR=0,41; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.42), women with multiple births (aHR=0,65, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.71) had less hazards than their counterparts to have short interpregnancy intervals.
ConclusionOne in five Western Australian women conceived within the sub-optimal range of interpregnancy interval. Demographic and obstetric factors play a significant role in determining short interpregnancy intervals.
Expectations for the 2020 Decennial Census and How They Stood Up to Scrutiny.
Authors: Youngs Isabel , Dick Christopher , Prevost Ronald , Bowen Claire 
Published: August 2022

The importance of the decennial census is clear, but the 2020 Census faced unprecedented challenges with unknown effects on data quality. To assist data users in identifying deviations between expected counts and the released counts across population and housing indicators, we developed the 2020 Census County Assessment Tool. The tool offers contextual data for each county in the US on factors which could have contributed to census collection issues, including COVID-19, internet-first response, natural disasters, and broadband access rates. The tool also allows users to quickly see the distributions of divergence across race, ethnicity, and housing, allowing a user to dive into the data for their specific use. The tool compiles this information into downloadable reports and points users to additional local data sources or experts to seek more assistance.
This tool assists planners, administrators, policymakers, teachers and students, reporters, researchers, and anyone interested in census data in identifying strategies for utilizing census data appropriately. This tool particularly provides resources to data users interested in the accurate enumeration of race and ethnicity, pointing users to areas which may need additional attention for the 2030 census. This tool can assist users in intercensal planning, count review requests, population estimates challenges, funding allocation corrections, Get Out the Count investment strategies, and more. This presentation will discuss the development process and methodology of the tool, as well as our plans for future additions and other tools we are in the process of creating.
Clustering of 31 health conditions among multimorbid people in Fife and Tayside, Scotland: E-cohort analysis.
Authors: Fagbamigbe Adeniyi , Agrawal Utkarsh , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , MacKerron Briana , McCowan Colin 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundA deeper understanding of the clustering of multimorbidity (2+) (MM) conditions by age, sex, and deprivation could help prepare health systems for adequate and effective preventive intervention. We identified the commonest conditions and their clusters contributing to MM stratified age, sex, and deprivation.
MethodsRetrospective cohort of 431,772 patients aged >25 years, registered with a general practice in Fife/Tayside, Scotland and alive in January 2000 were followed till December 2019. We developed Multimorbidity e-Cohort for Fife/Tayside (MCFT), Scotland. MCFT combined anonymised Scottish demographic dataset, prescribing information systems records from 2009 and secondary care: hospital admission and day-case records, mental health inpatient and accident and emergency attendances from 2000 from the Scottish Safe Havens Health Informatics Centre. Elixhauser comorbidity classifications were used to identify the presence of 31 conditions. Besides descriptive statistics, dissimilarity algorithm in association rule mining techniques were used for the analysis.
Results33.6% and 13.3% had MM and complex MM (4+) respectively, which varied across age, sex and deprivation of the patients. The commonest condition among <50 years with MM are alcohol abuse (32%), chronic pulmonary disease and depression (24% each) compared with uncomplicated hypertension (57%), and cardiac arrhythmia (40%) among those aged 80+ years. We identified four unique clusters among multimorbid individuals (a) liver disease, alcohol, other neurological disorders and depression; (b) weight loss, Rheumatoid Arthritis/collagenm, hypothyroidism, deficiency anemia; (c) solid tumor and metastatic cancer; (4) peripheral vascular disorders, renal failure, fluid & electrolyte disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, uncomplicated hypertension/diabetes, pulmonary circulation disorders, valvular disease, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. The clusters varied across sex, age and deprivation.
ConclusionClusters of disease conditions in the MM population varied mostly by age. Alcohol misuse contributed to MM among a third of under-50. Almost half of the oldest age group have hypertension and cardiac arrythmia. When considering clustering of conditions, it is important to consider age, sex and deprivation.
Linking health and social care data to identify teenage pregnancy outcomes for Care Experienced Young People in Fife.
Authors: Hay Laura , Watson Lorna , Donnelly Peter D 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesCare experienced young people (CEYP) are thought to be at increased risk of experiencing teenage pregnancy but little is known about teenage pregnancy rates among CEYP in Scotland. The aim of this study was to use data linkage techniques to compare teenage pregnancy outcomes for CEYP in Fife, Scotland with that of their non-care experienced but similarly deprived peers.
ApproachThe study linked social care administrative data for 1119 females looked after by Fife Council between 1991-2015 with national health data. Probabilistic linkage was used to match CEYP demographic data (names, sex, date of birth and postcodes) to the Community Health Index (CHI) number, the unique patient identifier used in Scottish health records. The CHI number was then used to identify teenage pregnancy outcomes from national Scottish Morbidity Record datasets (SMR01 and SMR02). Outcomes for CEYP were compared with a group of non-care experienced peers from a similar socio-economic background, with three non-care experienced young people selected for every CEYP.
ResultsAn acceptable match to a CHI number was achieved for 90.5% (1013/1119) of CEYP. Data analysis is ongoing and will be completed by April 2022. Outcomes being analysed include: the proportion of young people experiencing a termination of pregnancy before age 20; the proportion of young people experiencing a live birth before age 20; whether CEYP are more likely to progress a teenage pregnancy to delivery than their non-care experienced peers; antenatal behaviours such as smoking history; and postnatal outcomes such as preterm delivery.
The presentation will discuss the results. It will also discuss the challenges of linking health and social care data to identify health outcomes for CEYP.
ConclusionCross-sectoral data linkage offers considerable potential for examining health outcomes for CEYP and was successfully used in this study to identify teenage pregnancy outcomes for CEYP in Fife, Scotland. Understanding outcomes will help inform prevention initiatives and address health inequalities. However, securing the necessary permissions and undertaking the linkage was a time-consuming process.
Record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among former adult prisoners who have been released to the community: a scoping review.
Authors: Cooper Janine , Onyeka Ifeoma , Paterson Euan , O'Reilly Dermot , Kirk Richard , Donnelly Michael 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesSubstance use disorders are common in prisoners before they are admitted to prison. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of death following release from prison. The aim of this scoping review is to identify, map and summarise evidence from record linkage studies about drug-related deaths among former adult prisoners.
ApproachWe followed the framework for conducting scoping reviews by Arksey and O’Malley, and guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Web of Science were searched for studies from January 2011 to September 2021 using keywords and index headings relating to ‘mortality’, ‘drugs’ and ‘ex-prisoner’. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility using pre-defined inclusion criteria. Full publication screening for inclusion was performed independently by two authors. Two authors tested the charting form and are independently extracting information from the eligible publications using this form. There were no geographical restrictions but non-English language papers were excluded.
ResultsFollowing the removal of duplicates, 3680 publications were screened using title and abstract. Full text publications were subsequently screened for eligibility. A total of 48 publications have been included in this review. Publications may be added from a search of reference lists. Two authors are performing data extraction and data will be presented and analysed in relation to answering the following scoping review questions:

What is the scope of the literature on record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among former adult prisoners who have been released to the community?
How is research conducted on this topic?
What methodologies are used?
What are the findings in relation to mortality?
Where are the knowledge gaps on this topic?

ConclusionThis review will help identify and profile at risk former prisoners, contribute to potential interventions, and inform future research and policy. Where possible, evidence will be reported about the time period to death after prison release and the specific drugs related to mortality.
Bespoke automated linkage to enable analysis of covid deaths by ethnicity.
Authors: Gammon Shelley , Shipsey Rachel , Tomlin Charlie , Plachta Josie 
Published: August 2022

In early 2020 there was intense media speculation that ethnicity and Covid-19 deaths were correlated. However, the existing method of adding ethnicity to death records resulted in low linkage rates for very recent deaths. We designed and implemented a bespoke linkage in three days enabling accurate reporting to the nation.
We linked the 2011 England and Wales Census to death records using a range of personal identifiers. Due to time pressure, we focused on executing a single linkage method well. Deterministic linkage was chosen, using a variety of matchkeys which were tested via clerical review. To overcome the issue of addresses changing since 2011, we also linked 2020 death record residuals to the 2019 Patient Register (PR) and then made use of the 2011 PR address where it existed. This additionally provided an indication of whether unmatched death records might be attributable to migration into England and Wales post-2011.
The prior linking method used NHS Number only. Although the overall linkage rate was approximately 90%, the rate for recent deaths (2nd March 2020 to 10th April 2020 in the first iteration of the linkage) was closer to 30% due to an administrative lag in adding NHS Numbers to death records. Our novel bespoke linkage method linked over 39,000 extra death records. Whilst this had minimal impact on the overall linkage rate, it improved the linkage rate for recent deaths to approximately 90%. This was without an impact on accuracy: clerical review demonstrated that the false positive rate was approximately 0.2%. A report was published using this data showing that the risk of death involving Covid-19 among some ethnic groups was significantly higher than others.
Determining whether Covid-19 disproportionally affected certain ethnicities was of crucial importance in the early phase of the pandemic to enable appropriate government strategies to be developed. We delivered a bespoke linkage under an exceptional time-limit without compromising on accuracy, enabling this impactful analysis with nation-wide interest and impact.
Using Primary care data metrics to inform policy and practice: Human Health Resource implications.
Authors: Frymire Eliot , Green Michael , Glazier Richard , Khan Shahriar , Premji Kamila , Bayoumi Imaan , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Kiran Tara , Gozdyra Peter 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo produce open access Primary Care Data Reports using standard health administrative measures in primary care in conjunction with measures for attachment to a primary care provider. Illustrate the importance of incorporating patient attachment data as an essential component in Human Health Resource (HHR) planning.
ApproachThis cohort study uses standard health administrative linked data in primary care in conjunction with measures of attachment to a primary care provider for the population of Ontario, Canada (14,632,575). Data includes attached and uncertainly attached patients stratified according to key demographics, patient characteristics, health care utilization and primary care indicators. We stratified based on health utilization characteristics and produced 6 priority populations of interest by region.
ResultsThe factors most often utilized in informing human health resource planning were based on policy and practice users input and included:1.Patient enrolment model, 2.Attachment to a primary care provider, 3.Who does and does not receive care, 4.Continuity with regular source of care. Policy planners use the reports for improved understanding of the scope of issues in regions and improved understanding of primary care involvement with priority populations. Policy planners have used this report as a data support and measurement tool to identify supply (physician) and demand (patient) data essential in HHR planning. Health system reform initiatives can use this data to inform improvements in the quality of, and equitable access to, primary care services in specific jurisdictions.
ConclusionsThese reports contain key physician and patient data characteristics that correspond to primary care attachment rates. This data is essential to HHR planning when the goal is improving access to primary care for both attached and uncertainly attached patients. Data visualization in the form of mapping is especially impactful for policy and practice stakeholders.
Improved data linkage in the Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) study through an electronic informed consent (eConsent) and recruitment management system.
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Adams Emma , Bee Catherine , Guyatt Anna , John Catherine , Packer Richard , Shepherd David , Venn Laura , Tobin Martin , Free Robert 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe complexities of the informed consent process for participating in cohort-based medical studies are well-recognised, and the pandemic presented specific challenges related to this. Our response in EXCEED was to build and deploy a local secure eConsent system that was simple to use, provided advanced functionality and improved data linkage.
ApproachThe eConsent system is integrated into a web app (https://exceed.org.uk/) which was written in Python using the Django framework. A unique profile provides participant access to elements of the study, including two-way linkage to REDCap-based surveys and internal bespoke pages (for example an occupation questionnaire backed by a well-established classification) and access to consent to take part in sub-studies. This allowed participants to see which items have been completed or they have taken part in. Administrator tools were also built to enable advanced management and search functionality for dealing with participants queries or data quality issues.
ResultsIn 2020, backed by the new eConsent system, and driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, EXCEED undertook both a new wave of recruitment, and re-contacted existing participants to encourage them to take part in COVID related research. Profile registration and management of pre-2020 participants was also enabled by importing their contact details and consent data from legacy tools. Approximately 1000 EXCEED participants gave informed consent using the new system, while ~1000 existing participants registered. Facilitated by improved data quality using the eConsent system, we correctly linked 93% of consented participants to primary care health care records. This high level of data linkage enables research on the causes and consequences of COVID-19 infection, studies of the genomics of disease onset and progression and recall studies.
ConclusionWe developed a novel eConsent system, which as well as providing online participant registration and improved administration of participants has improved data linkage. Furthermore, the success of the approach has led it to be implemented in other studies with similar requirements.
Planning for community well-being: Prioritizing and identifying local neighbourhood attributes of belonging.
Authors: Mah Sarah , Diemert Lori , McKean Scott , Collier Sarah , Rosella Laura 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesLocal neighbourhoods have great potential to foster community belonging which can improve health and well-being. In partnership with the City of Toronto, we prioritize and assess the importance of physical and social environmental attributes to community belonging. Using new data linkages, we contribute to Toronto’s community safety and well-being plan, SafeTO.
ApproachWe leverage an individual-level record linkage of respondents from multiple cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2000 to 2017), the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database (CVSD), and the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) from the Centre for Population Health Data at Statistics Canada. Environmental data sources include the Census, administrative data, and open-source data. Using postal code information from the CCHS, we connected each respondent with their neighbourhood’s attributes, which include but are not limited to proximity to amenities (such as childcare, libraries and public transit), the Canadian Active Living Environment measure, green space, and air quality.
ResultsOf the 74,000 CCHS respondents from the Toronto census metropolitan area (representing a population of 4 to 5 million annually), an overall rate of 86% agreed to link and share their data, which renders an estimated linked sample of approximately 63,600 respondents. Across the entire linkage, 54% of respondents are linked to a record in the DAD between 1999/00 and 2017/18, and 10% are linked to a death record in the CVSD between 2000 and 2017. In consultation with municipal agencies and community stakeholders, we will prioritize the environmental attributes that are most relevant to community belonging and well-being, and comprehensively model the relationship between these attributes, community belonging and downstream health outcomes using multivariable regression and time-to-event models.
ConclusionThis on-going work contributes to the development of innovative approaches for using multi-sector data to inform decision making, as per the goals of SafeTO. Results from the analyses will be used to identify environmental attributes potentially important for community belonging and will support municipal city planning and resource allocation.
From society to cell: Exploring the biological impacts of social exposures through linked biological and population-level child development data.
Authors: Thomson Kimberly , Petteni Monique Gagne , Gadermann Anne 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesOur objective was to capture a holistic view of a child from “society to cell” by building an inter-disciplinary data linkage between social, biological, and environmental factors to better understand how “experience gets under the skin” to influence social disparities in child development from conception onwards.
ApproachLinking a unique combination of administrative, survey, and biological data, this research connects children’s epigenetic profiles and other biological markers (e.g., microbiome) to broader social determinants of health to examine the process of “biological embedding.” In British Columbia, Canada, the CHILD Study has collected biological data for a cohort of children from birth to age 5 (N = 840). Linked administrative records (e.g., health services, demographic data) provide key social and environmental information (e.g., parental depression, neighbourhood socio-economic status). Population-level child development data have been collected at age 5 using the Early Development Instrument and are linkable for a subset of this cohort (N ~ 250).
ResultsThis unique linkage helps us understand the critical interplay between health outcomes and resulting disparities; how a child’s social environment may impact their biological makeup, and in turn their health and developmental outcomes due to influences on their neural, endocrine, and/or immune systems at the molecular level. Rather than limiting research to singular disciplines, this research aims to shift thinking around health problems towards a synthesized model to examine mechanisms and associations between early experiences and biological outcomes. We will discuss strengths and challenges of developing this linkage and working across disciplines such as medicine, education, and science to address research questions that span historically disparate areas of research.
ConclusionAn interdisciplinary approach has been essential for the development and approvals of this project. Bringing together experts from diverse disciplines with different perspectives to use a novel approach enables us to better address the large and important issue of childhood social disparities and their enduring impact on life course health.