bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychosocial needs of adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients, and associated interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Wurm Fina , McKeaveney Clare , Corr Michael , Wilson Anna , Noble Helen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRenal transplantation is considered the gold standard treatment for end-stage kidney disease. Adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients have the highest rate of graft loss amongst transplanted patients. It is largely accepted this is due to psychosocial and behavioural difficulties, which impact adherence to prescribed therapies. This phenomenon is not isolated to a particular healthcare system having been observed in multiple countries across different continents. It is a global issue of concern. We sought to review the psychosocial needs of these patients, and the interventions designed to meet these needs.MethodsA scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework. Eligibility criteria included primary studies of any type that investigated the psychosocial needs of adolescent and/or young adult renal transplant recipients or studies which examined interventions designed to address these needs. Search strategies were developed and conducted on PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were critically reviewed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method.ResultsThirty-nine studies met our inclusion criteria, 30 of which related to psychosocial needs, and the remainder examined psychosocial interventions. Four main themes were derived from our analysis of psychosocial needs literature, as follows: the need for (1) emotional support, (2) acceptance, (3) direction, (4) equality in healthcare. 2 main themes emerged from analysis of psychosocial intervention literature, namely: psychosocial (1) capability, (2) assessment. Despite the evidence that graft health is strongly associated with psychosocial wellbeing, findings revealed a significant lack of literature investigating how best to meet psychosocial needs. Trends were observed amongst intervention studies, namely interventions of novel and non-evidenced based design, with the aim of improving medication adherence through organisational strategies and education. However, literature regarding psychosocial needs showed non-adherence to therapies was not simply a result of disorganisation or lack of understanding, but rather, was founded on a recipient’s idiosyncratic relationship with their prescribed therapies e.g., psychological, social or financial reasons for non-adherence.ConclusionsFuture research should be directed at investigating the efficacy of evidence-based interventions that empower the individual patient to overcome their specific barrier to an optimal relationship with their therapies.
Pharmacological evaluation of newly synthesized organotin IV complex for antiulcer potential
Authors: Azmatullah Syed , Khan Arif-ullah , Qazi Neelam Gul , Nadeem Humaira , Irshad Nadeem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the newly synthesized organotin (IV) complex (2E, 2′E) dibutylstannanediyl bis (4-(4-nitrophenyl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoate (DTN) for its anti-ulcer potential. Characterization performed by carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy proved that all values are in the expected ranges of the new compound. Gastroprotective activity of DTN was evaluated throughin-silico,anti-H. pylori,in-vitro,in-vivo, and ex-vivo proteomic analysis.In-silicoanalysis shows that DTN possess stable binding with protein targets involved in gastric ulcer pathophysiology. DTN exhibited an inhibitory effect against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,H. pyloriand hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+-ATPase). The antiulcer activity was performed using an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Anti-oxidant profile of DTN showed a significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione and catalase levels whereas lipid peroxidation levels were reduced. Histopathological findings confirmed that DTN protected the gastric mucosa of rats. Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 6 and interleukin-1β were reduced and prostaglandin-E2restored expression of these cytokines in DTN pretreated animals when analyzed by using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot techniques. In real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, the expression of H+/K+-ATPase was downregulated in DTN pretreated group. DTN did not cause any mortality up to 400 mg/Kg. This study indicates that the newly synthesized compound DTN, possess stable binding against selected targets. DTN exhibits a gastro-protective effect, mediated via anti-H. pylori,H+/K+-ATPase inhibition, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, exploring its therapeutic potential in gastric ulcer management.
The need for a functional pharmaceutical industry in Sierra Leone: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Conteh Eugene , Okereke Melody , Turay Foday Umaro , Bah Alhaji Sununu , Muhsinah Abdulwasiu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith an estimated population of 8.3 million, Sierra Leone has no existing pharmaceutical manufacturing company at present. The recent COVID-19 pandemic brought to the limelight the fragility and weakness of the Sierra Leonean pharmaceutical industry as it resulted in severe drug shortages and medicine insecurity in the country due to the restrictions imposed on importations, which validates the uncertainties if the country can sufficiently meet its local pharmaceutical needs and health demands. In this paper, we highlight the current situation of the Sierra Leonean pharmaceutical sector and provide recommendations for the country towards building a functional pharmaceutical industry based on lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Combined cardiac surgery in a Marfan syndrome patient with severe scoliosis via lower hemisternotomy: a case report
Authors: Sakamoto Shun-Ichiro , Amitani Ryosuke , Motoji Yusuke , Yamaguchi Takako , Hiromoto Atsushi , Suzuki Kenji , Ishii Yosuke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Scoliosis is one of the symptoms manifested by patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). Deformity of the thoracic cavity due to severe scoliosis may cause difficulty during cardiac surgery in terms of the surgical approach and instrument manipulation; however, only a few reports have been available regarding the surgical case of MFS with severe scoliosis. Here, we report a case of combined aortic valve replacement and left atrial appendage closure in a patient with MFS who had severe scoliosis using lower hemisternotomy.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old female with MFS was referred to our hospital after being diagnosed with severe aortic regurgitation and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with a history of cerebral thromboembolism. The aortic valve showed severe insufficiency due to cusp prolapse, whereas the aortic root was moderately dilated (42 mm). Echocardiography revealed severe regurgitation with reduced left ventricular ejection function (32%) and massive left ventricular diastolic dimension (88 mm). Moreover, combined aortic valve replacement and left atrial appendage closure was indicated. However, the patient had chest deformity due to severe scoliosis. Thus, conventional full sternotomy or thoracotomy was considered an inappropriate surgical approach. Lower hemisternotomy was selected on the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction imaging of the aorta, left atrial appendage, sternum, and rib. Sternal elevation and rib retraction with the costal arch folded back provided enough surgical field for the combined procedures to be safely conducted. The postoperative course was uneventful, except for predicted prolonged mechanical ventilation with the assistance of intraaortic balloon pumping. Thereafter, the patient has been free from any cardiac and cerebrovascular event.

Conclusions
Lower hemisternotomy can be useful for combined cardiac surgery in MFS with severe scoliosis.
Enhancing the health of NHS staff: eTHOS — protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial of an employee health screening clinic for NHS staff to reduce absenteeism and presenteeism, compared with usual care
Authors: Adams Rachel , Jordan Rachel , Adab Peymané , Barrett Tim , Bevan Sheriden , Cooper Lucy , DuRand Ingrid , Hardy Pollyanna , Heneghan Nicola , Jolly Kate , Jowett Sue , Marshall Tom , O’Hara Margaret , Rai Kiran , Rickards Hugh , Riley Ruth , Sadhra Steven , Tearne Sarah , Walters Gareth , Sapey Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Staff absenteeism and presenteeism incur high costs to the NHS and are associated with adverse health outcomes. The main causes are musculoskeletal complaints and mental ill-health, which are potentially modifiable, and cardiovascular risk factors are also common. We will test the feasibility of an RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an employee health screening clinic on reducing sickness absenteeism and presenteeism.

Methods
This is an individually randomised controlled pilot trial aiming to recruit 480 participants. All previously unscreened employees from four hospitals within three UK NHS hospital Trusts will be eligible. Those randomised to the intervention arm will be invited to attend an employee health screening clinic consisting of a screening assessment for musculoskeletal (STarT MSK and STarT Back), mental (PHQ-9 and GAD-7) and cardiovascular (NHS Health Check if aged ≥ 40, lifestyle check if < 40 years) health. Screen positives will be given advice and/or referral to recommended services. Those randomised to the control arm will receive usual care. Participants will complete a questionnaire at baseline and 26 weeks; anonymised absenteeism and staff demographics will also be collected from personnel records. The co-primary outcomes are as follows: recruitment, referrals and uptake of recommended services in the intervention arm. Secondary outcomes include the following: results of screening assessments, uptake of individual referrals, reported changes in health behaviours, acceptability and feasibility of intervention, indication of contamination and costs. Outcomes related to the definitive trial include self-reported and employee records of absenteeism with reasons. Process evaluation to inform a future trial includes interviews with participants, intervention delivery staff and service providers receiving referrals. Analyses will include presentation of descriptive statistics, framework analysis for qualitative data and costs and consequences presented for health economics.

Discussion
The study will provide data to inform the design of a definitive RCT which aims to find an effective and cost-effective method of reducing absenteeism and presenteeism amongst NHS staff. The feasibility study will test trial procedures, and process outcomes, including the success of strategies for including underserved groups, and provide information and data to help inform the design and sample size for a definitive trial.

Trial registration
ISRCTN reference number 10237475.
Developing a method to assess fidelity to a complex vocational rehabilitation intervention in the FRESH trial: a feasibility study
Authors: Holmes Jain Anne , Fletcher-Smith Joanna Clare , Merchán-Baeza Jose Antonio , Phillips Julie , Radford Kathryn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Determining whether complex rehabilitation interventions are delivered with fidelity is important. Implementation fidelity can differ between sites, therapists delivering interventions and, over time, threatening trial outcomes and increasing the risk of type II and III errors. This study aimed to develop a method of assessing occupational therapists’ fidelity to deliver a complex, individually tailored vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention to people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and assess the feasibility of its use in a randomised controlled trial.

Methods
Using mixed methods and drawing on the intervention logic model, we developed data collection tools to measure fidelity to early specialist TBI VR (ESTVR). Fidelity was measured quantitatively using intervention case report forms (CRF), fidelity checklists and clinical records. Qualitative data from mentoring records, interviews with intervention therapists, participants with TBI, employers and NHS staff at trial sites explored moderators of implementation fidelity. The conceptual framework of implementation fidelity (CFIF) guided measurement and analysis of and factors affecting fidelity. Data were triangulated and benchmarked against an earlier cohort study.

Results
Fidelity to a complex individually tailored VR intervention could be measured. Overall, OTs delivered ESTVR with fidelity. Different fidelity measures answered different questions, offering unique insights into fidelity. Fidelity was best assessed using a fidelity checklist, intervention CRFs and clinical notes. The OT clinical notes and mentoring records were best at identifying fidelity moderating factors. Interviews added little insight into fidelity moderating factors over and above mentoring or clinical records. Data triangulation offered a comprehensive assessment of fidelity, highlighting limitations of measurement methods and learning for future trials but was resource intensive. Interviews, fidelity visits and analysing clinical notes were also resource intense. Comparing fidelity data to a benchmark and using CFIF as a framework for organising the fidelity assessment helped.

Conclusions
OTs delivered the VR intervention with fidelity. A fidelity checklist and benchmark plus mentoring may offer a practical and effective way of measuring fidelity and identifying fidelity moderating factors in trials of complex individually-tailored rehabilitation interventions. Mentoring provided real-time indicators of and reasons for fidelity deviations. These methods require further evaluation.

Trial registration
ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN38581822 (Registered: 02/01/2014).
Supporting successful recruitment in a randomized control trial comparing clinic and home-based exercise among adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tracy Tracy Flemming , Young Hui-Ju , Lai Byron , Layton Beverly , Stokes Dolly , Fry Mark , Mehta Tapan , Riser Emily S. , Rimmer James 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The Tele- Exercise and Multiple Sclerosis (TEAMS) study, funded by the Patient Centered Outcome Research Institute (PCORI), is a pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing the effectiveness of a 12-week complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) program for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) delivered by a therapist at a clinic and the same program initiated by the participant at home using a tablet and pre-recorded videos. The 20-session CAM program consists of yoga, Pilates and dual tasking exercises. The study aimed to enroll 820 participants with MS living in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.

Main Body
The information provided in this paper describes the strategies that led to the largest randomized controlled exercise trial ever conducted for people with multiple sclerosis. Specifically, the paper presents the result of incorporating stakeholder engagement, a novel participant recruitment method, to produce a successful recruitment outcome for a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial. This study used three tiers of engagement: panel members (9 members), clinical partners (88 occupational and physical therapists), and community organizations (6 non-profits).

Conclusion
Engagement of the stakeholder panel, clinical partners and community organizations led to interest of over 1700 people with MS across three states in the Deep South (final enrollment was n = 837). The diversity of our stakeholder groups and their extensive reach into various communities were a critical aspect for achieving our target sample size. The recruitment numbers reflect the importance of involving multiple stakeholder groups at project inception, developing relationships over time, utilizing member strengths, and monitoring their engagement on a regular basis to ensure a meaningful experience for all involved.
Trial registration: NCT03117881. Registered 18 April 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03117881?term=tele+rehabilitation&cond=Multiple+Sclerosis&cntry=US&state=US%3AAL&draw=2&rank=1.
Forecasting worldwide empty container availability with machine learning techniques
Authors: Martius Christoph , Kretschmann Lutz , Zacharias Miriam , Jahn Carlos , John Ole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to imbalances in the global transport of containerised goods, liner shipping companies go to great lengths to match the regional supply and demand for empty containers by transporting equipment from surplus to deficit regions. Making accurate forecasts of regional empty container availability could support liner companies and other involved actors by making better relocation decisions, thus avoiding unnecessary transport costs of empty equipment. Previously proposed container availability prediction models are limited to the application in individual regions and typically characterized by a high degree of temporal aggregation. Against this background, this paper introduces two novel approaches based on machine learning and probabilistic techniques to predict the future weekly availability of empty containers for more than 280 locations worldwide. The machine learning and probabilistic prediction models are built by analysing a unique data set of more than 100 million events from past container journeys. These events represent different stages during the transport process of a container. Both models use a two-step forecast logic. First, the expected future location of a container is predicted. Second, the expected timestamp for arriving at that location is estimated. The machine learning model uses artificial neural networks and mixture density networks to forecast the movements of containers. The models are quantitatively assessed and compared to the actual availability of containers and two more conventional forecasting approaches. The results indicate that the probabilistic prediction approach can keep up with conventional approaches while the neural network approach significantly outperforms the other approaches concerning every evaluation metric.
Hunters and fowlers in the Tungabhadra Plains of Andhra Pradesh, South India: an ethnographical study of Nir Sikaris
Authors: Raghu Yadava 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHunting and gathering, which date back to the Middle Pleistocene, are the oldest sources of sustenance. Practically, these hunting and gathering societies have gradually expanded their settlements and culture across the country. The present paper attempts a qualitative ethnographical study on the ongoing life of the Nir Sikaris which is one of the hunting and fowling tribes in the Tungabhadra Plains of Andhra Pradesh. Primarily it focuses on their settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, and living traditions. S(h)ikar means hunting; Sikari means hunter. They populate Kurnool, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh), Bellary (Karnataka) Districts and Maharashtra. They were labelled with a social stigma of a criminal tribe under the British Raj and were also considered ex-criminal tribe and de-notified tribe in post-independence India. They are currently classified as one of the backward classes (B.C.-A) by the State Government of Andhra Pradesh. It becomes vital to shedding light on documentation of Nir Sikaris’ evolving cultural life for posterity, as they are culturally transforming due to modernization in the current globalised society.
Development of a novel patient-reported outcome measure to assess signs and symptoms of COVID-19
Authors: Romano Carla , Fehnel Sheri , Stoddard Jeffrey , Sadoff Jerald , Lewis Sandy , McNulty Pauline , Chan Eric K. H. , Evans Emily , Jamieson Carol , Slagle Ashley F. , Mangel Allen , McQuarrie Kelly 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Given the urgent need for vaccines and treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Symptoms of Infection with Coronavirus-19 (SIC), a comprehensive, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19, was developed in full alignment with current US regulatory guidance to support evaluations of vaccines and treatments in development.

Methods
An initial version of the SIC was developed to address concepts identified through a targeted literature review and consultation with experts in infectious diseases and clinicians routinely managing COVID-19 in a hospital setting. A qualitative study was conducted in sites in the United States among 31 participants aged ≥ 18 years who were English-speaking and willing and able to provide informed consent and a self-reported history by telephone or online method. The measure was refined based on additional feedback from the clinicians and three iterative rounds of combined concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews conducted with patients, caregivers, and healthy volunteers.

Results
Among 39 scientific articles identified in the literature review, 35 COVID-19 signs and symptoms were reported and confirmed during interviews with clinicians, patients, and caregivers. Patients and healthy participants suggested changes for refining the draft SIC to ensure consistent interpretation and endorsed both the 24-h recall period and use of an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) for capturing change in symptom severity. The final version of the SIC captures the daily presence or absence of 30 symptoms and a rating of severity for 25 of the 30 symptoms using an NRS for those symptoms reported as present.

Conclusions
The SIC comprehensively addresses observations described in the literature, by clinicians, and by patients, and captures patients’ experiences with COVID-19 in a manner that minimizes complexity and facilitates completion for both patients and healthy volunteers. This measure is thus appropriate for use in clinical trials of both therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19.