bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspended sediment concentration estimation in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta of California using long short‐term memory networks
Authors: Kim Han Sang , He Minxue , Sandhu Prabhjot 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSedimentation is an important aspect of water resources management with many implications. Often, process‐based methods are employed to predict and assess the amount of sediment in water, but there are still challenges because the mechanisms that govern sediment transport are not yet fully understood. Furthermore, complex domains make model calibration difficult. Thus, as a complementary tool, a machine‐learning model was developed in the present study to emulate an existing process‐based model in simulating suspended sediment concentration (SSC). It employs the long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks, which are a type of artificial neural networks (ANNs) designed for supervised learning of a sequence of data (e.g., time series). The model was applied to the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) of California, USA, which is characterized by an interconnected system of sloughs, waterways, and a tidal outlet. The model training was performed with historical records of flow, stage and SSC at various locations within the Delta. The study period was 2010 through 2016, but the training period (i.e., range of observed data used to train the model) was varied to assess the model's sensitivity to the inputs and to determine the optimum model setup. Comparison between the model‐estimated SSC and the observation at 12 key locations within the Delta showed that the estimation accuracy of the LSTM model during the study period is comparable or superior to that of the Delta Simulation Model II‐General Transport Model (DSM2‐GTM), a process‐based operational hydrodynamics and water quality model for the Delta. In terms of the ratio of the root‐mean‐square error to the standard deviation (RSR), LSTM models generally showed higher predictability than DSM2‐GTM in all test cases investigated, with the lowest (most desirable) and highest (least desirable) LSTM‐based RSR being 0.21 and 1.14, respectively. In comparison, the lowest and highest RSR values with DSM2‐GTM were 0.26 and 3.70, respectively. The median LSTM‐based RSR of all study locations is around 0.7 while its DSM2‐GTM counterpart is about 1.0. LSTM models also yielded remarkably higher (more desirable) Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency values. Moreover, visual inspection found that LSTM models better captured the timing and magnitude of peaks as well as the temporal variations in the SSC time series. The LSTM model's performance was further analysed with hydro‐meteorological data (precipitation and wind speed) incorporated in training. While precipitation led to some improvement, the wind speed was found to have a negligible effect overall. All in all, the study findings suggest that the LSTM model has the potential to supplement the operational process‐based model in guiding water resources planning and management practices.
Progressive metastatic pheochromocytoma induced by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A with a lethal outcome
Authors: Nishimoto Koshiro , Santo Noriaki Lukas , Yonamine Masato , Takekoshi Kazuhiro , Kaneko Go , Shirotake Suguru , Fukushima Hisayo , Okada Yoshitaka , Yasuda Masanori , Sakurai Akihiro , Oyama Masafumi , Kanao Kento 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) harboring a pathological variant in the RET gene are characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism. Although pheochromocytoma is currently defined as a malignant tumor, MEN2A‐associated pheochromocytoma is known to have a small risk of metastasis.Case presentationThe case was a 62‐year‐old Japanese male with bilateral pheochromocytoma, multiple metastases in the liver and bones, and a cardiac thrombus. Genetic testing revealed a pathological variant at codon 634 of the RET gene, thereby leading a diagnosis of MTC. We considered that the multiple metastases were due to MTC; however, a liver biopsy revealed metastasis of pheochromocytoma.ConclusionWhen pheochromocytoma precedes MTC, the diagnosis of MEN2A may be difficult.
Effect of temperature, pH, and soil texture on pirlimycin fate in dairy manure–amended soils
Authors: Kulesza Stephanie B. , Maguire Rory , Xia Kang , Ray Partha , Knowlton Katharine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntibiotics applied to soil through application of manure are of increasing concern due to their adverse environmental impacts, including their potential contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Two 90‐d laboratory incubation studies were conducted to determine the effects of temperature (10 or 21 °C), pH (5, 7, 9), and soil texture (sandy loam, loam) on the persistence of two antibiotics (pirlimycin and cephapirin) applied to soils with dairy manure amendment. Dairy manure from treated and untreated cows was used as the source for this study. However, cephapirin was not detected in manure used for the study. Initial manure pH affected pirlimycin concentration of the manure, and there were differences in initial soil concentration between soil types. In the temperature experiment, pirlimycin concentration was significantly affected by temperature and soil type. In the 10 °C treatments, pirlimycin concentration initially decreased at 7 d but increased to levels similar to 0 d concentrations at 14 d, indicating possible deconjugation of pirlimycin ribonucleotide adducts in the manure applied. Although the loam soil type had a higher pirlimycin concentration in the temperature experiment at 0 d and 14 d, concentrations decreased below the sandy loam soil at 56 d and continued in the 90‐d sampling period. Pirlimycin dissipation from dairy manure–amended soils was enhanced by higher temperature and finer soil texture, both of which could affect development of resistance genes if soil microbes are exposed to pirlimycin for longer periods of time.
Comparison of features of extreme precipitation between stations in inland and coastal Antarctica
Authors: Yang Ran , Yu Lejiang , Jagovkina Svetlana , Liang Kaixin , Yang Qinghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study presents different characteristics of precipitation and synoptic‐scale circulation associated with extreme precipitation events in inland and coastal Antarctica. The focus is on two stations, inland Vostok and coastal Casey. We use observed daily precipitation data from years 2004–2017 to investigate and compare the statistics on precipitation at both stations. The key areas for synoptic features favouring extreme precipitation are identified on the basis of air‐mass backward trajectories, computed applying the Lagrangian HYSPLIT model. The air moisture accounting for high‐precipitation events originates from the ocean but in many (some) cases the trajectories cover long distances over the ice sheet before reaching Vostok (Casey). Multiple statistical methods including composite analysis, empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), and self‐organizing maps (SOMs) are used to examine the full view of synoptic patterns. At Vostok in the inland high plateau, ERA‐Interim reanalysis shows that the synoptic patterns governing the extreme precipitation events are relatively complicated. Amplified planetary waves allow water vapour to reach the Vostok Station from different source regions, including the Weddell Sea, Ross Sea, and the Indian Ocean off the Amery Ice Shelf. A dipole structure of negative height anomalies to the west and positive ones to the east of the station is identified as the cause of southward water vapour transport and resulting precipitation at Casey in coastal Antarctica.
The mental health impact of COVID‐19–related stressors among treatment‐seeking trauma‐exposed veterans
Authors: McLean Carmen P. , Wachsman Tamara , Morland Leslie , Norman Sonya B. , Hooper Vaughan , Cloitre Marylene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTrauma‐exposed veterans receiving mental health care may have an elevated risk of experiencing COVID‐19–related difficulties. Using data from several ongoing clinical trials (N = 458), this study examined exposure to COVID‐19–related stressors and their associations with key sociodemographic factors and mental health outcomes. The results showed that exposure to COVID‐19–related stressors was common, higher among veterans who were racial/ethnic minorities d = 0.32, and associated with elevated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), r = .288, and depressive symptom severity, r = .246. Women veterans experienced more difficulty accessing social support, d = 0.31, and higher levels of COVID‐19–related distress, d = 0.31, than men. Qualitative data were consistent with survey findings and highlighted the broader societal context in veterans’ experience of COVID‐19–related distress. These findings may inform future research on the impact of the pandemic on veterans, particularly those who are women and members of minoritized racial/ethnic groups, as well as mental health treatment planning for this population.
Plant biomass allocation is mediated by precipitation use efficiency in arid and semiarid ecosystems
Authors: Feng Siyuan , Ding Jingyi , Zhan Tianyu , Zhao Wenwu , Pereira Paulo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems are characterized by limited water resources and are generally vulnerable to climate change. Understanding how plants in arid and semiarid ecosystems respond to global climatic variation is crucial for ecological restoration under a changing climate. Although the effects of climate on aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) have been widely explored, how AGB and BGB respond to climatic variation is seldom disentangled. There is still a need to understand how plant communities respond to global climate change. In this study, we conducted a transect survey across grasslands in Inner Mongolia to capture changes in AGB and BGB in plant communities. Then, we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the relationship between environmental factors and the root:shoot ratio to understand how plant communities respond to ecological drought under global climate change. Our results showed that low precipitation use efficiency (LPUE) results in a high root:shoot (HRS) ratio, and BGB was more sensitive to environmental changes. By contrast, high precipitation use efficiency (HPUE) led to a low root:shoot (LRS) ratio, and environmental factors had a greater impact on AGB. For the LPUE pattern, soil water content (SWC), pH, and soil total nitrogen (STN) mainly affected the HRS ratio. Soil water content and STN influenced the HRS ratio through a positive effect on BGB . For the HPUE pattern, SWC, STN, and plant abundance (PA) predominantly regulate the LRS ratio, while biodiversity (plant abundance) affects the LRS ratio by positively affecting AGB. Our results highlight the differential impact of precipitation use efficiency on aboveground and belowground biomass allocation. This is important for monitoring the impact of drought events on plant biomass, improving productivity assessment models in arid and semi‐arid regions, and assessing local carbon storage accurately.
Reactive Oxygen Species Suppressive Kraft Lignin‐Gelatin Antioxidant Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Repair
Authors: Kim Byulhana , Kim Young , Lee Yoonho , Oh Joomin , Jung Youngmee , Koh Won‐Gun , Chung Justin J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic wound is difficult to repair because the normal wound healing mechanism is inhibited by the continuous inflammatory response. The delayed inflammatory responses generate high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the wound sites, which leads to a longer inflammatory phase and induces a vicious cycle that interferes with the normal wound healing process. Therefore, ROS scavenging is an important factor for chronic wound healing. In this study, antioxidant hydrogel is developed by cross‐linking kraft lignin, an antioxidant agent, and gelatin (Klig‐Gel). Klig‐Gel hydrogel is fabricated via ring opening reaction with epichlorohydrin as a cross‐linker. High ROS scavenging activities are confirmed by various antioxidant evaluations, and in vitro natural antioxidant expression tests show reduction of oxidative stress. Mechanical properties of Klig‐Gel hydrogel are tailorable by introducing different amount of kraft lignin to the hydrogel system. Biocompatibility is confirmed regardless of the kraft lignin content. Klig‐Gel hydrogel is a promising ROS scavenging material that can be applied in various chronic wound healing applications.
The Effect of Changes in Trip Costs and Gag Regulations on Recreational Fishing Demand in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Carter David W. , Lovell Sabrina , Records David , Liese Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Gag Mycteroperca microlepis is one of the most popular reef fish targeted by anglers fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. Around 7% of all trips by private boat anglers fishing from the west coast of Florida in 2019 targeted Gag during the open season. We conducted a survey of private boat anglers in Florida and estimated a statistical model to predict changes in the number of fishing trips anticipated with changes in trip costs and Gag bag limits. We found that for the average angler, the economic value of each private boat trip is around US$200 and that a $10 increase in trip costs would decrease private boat fishing trips by 5%. We also found that, on average, private boat anglers targeting Gag would take 12% more trips if the bag limit was increased by one fish from the current bag limit of two fish. The results of our study will help to anticipate the extent to which recreational fishing effort and value could change when trip costs and Gag regulations change.
Towards hybrid two‐phase modelling using linear domain decomposition
Authors: Seus David , Radu Florin A. , Rohde Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe viscous flow of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium on the Darcy scale is governed by a system of nonlinear parabolic equations. If infinite mobility of one phase can be assumed (e.g., in soil layers in contact with the atmosphere) the system can be substituted by the scalar Richards model. Thus, the porous medium domain may be partitioned into disjoint subdomains where either the full two‐phase or the simplified Richards model dynamics are valid. Extending the previously considered one‐model situations we suggest coupling conditions for this hybrid model approach. Based on an Euler implicit discretization, a linear iterative (L‐type) domain decomposition scheme is proposed, and proved to be convergent. The theoretical findings are verified by a comparative numerical study that in particular confirms the efficiency of the hybrid ansatz as compared to full two‐phase model computations.
Concurrent herbivory and metal accumulation: The outcome for plants and herbivores
Authors: Godinho Diogo P. , Serrano Helena C. , Magalhães Sara , Branquinho Cristina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of metals on plants and herbivores, as well as the interaction among the latter, are well documented. However, the effects of simultaneous herbivory and metal accumulation remain poorly studied. Here, we shed light on this topic by infesting cadmium‐accumulating tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), either exposed to cadmium or not, with herbivorous spider mites, Tetranychus urticae or T. evansi during 14 days. Whereas on plants without cadmium T. evansi had higher growth rate than T. urticae, on plants with cadmium both mite species had similar growth rates, which were lower than on plants without metal. Plants were affected by both cadmium toxicity and by herbivory, as shown by leaf reflectance, but not on the same wavelengths. Moreover, changes in leaf reflectance on the wavelength affected by herbivores were similar on plants with and without cadmium, and vice versa. Long‐term effects of cadmium and herbivory did not affect H2O2 concentrations in the plant. Finally, plants infested with spider mites did not accumulate more cadmium, suggesting that metal accumulation is not induced by herbivory. We thus conclude that cadmium accumulation affects two congeneric herbivore species differently and that the effects of herbivory and cadmium toxicity on plants may be disentangled, via leaf reflectance, even during simultaneous exposure.
Correlation of functional and radioligand binding characteristics of GPER ligands confirming aldosterone as a GPER agonist
Authors: Ding Qingming , Chorazyczewski Jozef , Gros Robert , Motulsky Harvey J. , Limbird Lee E. , Feldman Ross D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAldosterone exerts some of its effects not by binding to mineralocorticoid receptors, but rather by acting via G protein‐coupled estrogen receptors (GPER). To determine if aldosterone binds directly to GPER, we studied the ability of aldosterone to compete for the binding of [3H] 2‐methoxyestradiol ([3H] 2‐ME), a high potency GPER‐selective agonist. We used GPER gene transfer to engineer Sf9‐cultured insect cells to express GPER. We chose insect cells to avoid interactions with any intrinsic mammalian receptors for aldosterone. [3H] 2‐ME binding was saturable and reversible to a high‐affinity population of receptors with Kd = 3.7 nM and Bmax = 2.2 pmol/mg. Consistent with agonist binding to G Protein‐coupled receptors, [3H] 2‐ME high‐affinity state binding was reduced in the presence of the hydrolysis‐resistant GTP analog, GppNHp. [3H] 2‐ME binding was competed for by the GPER agonist G1, the GPER antagonist G15, estradiol (E2), as well as aldosterone (Aldo). The order of potency for competing for [3H] 2‐ME binding, namely 2ME > Aldo > E2 ≥ G1, paralleled the orders of potency for inhibition of cell proliferation and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by ligands acting at GPER. These data confirm the ability of aldosterone to interact with the GPER, consistent with the interpretation that aldosterone likely mediates its GPER‐dependent effects by direct binding to the GPER.Significance statementDespite the growing evidence for aldosterone's actions via G protein‐coupled estrogen receptors (GPER), there remains significant skepticism that aldosterone can directly interact with GPER. The current studies are the first to demonstrate directly that aldosterone indeed is capable of binding to the GPER and thus likely mediates its GPER‐dependent effects by direct binding to the receptor.
An insecticide phenotypic resistance diagnostic kit for cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera Aphididae)
Authors: Huang Weiling , Yang Qingjie , Ji Xuejiao , Wang Li , Wang Qinqin , Rui Changhui , Cui Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAphis gossypii is a notorious pest worldwide, and evidence of resistance of A. gossypii to various insecticides has been documented. Diagnostic tools for the rapid and accurate assessment of insecticide resistance are urgently needed to implement effective pest control and insecticide resistance management strategies.ResultsUsing this diagnostic kit based on the glass vial bioassay, detection results can be obtained in 3 h and the values of 897.86, 133.57, 12 037.45, 2849.26, 19 457.33 and 215.60 ng/cm2 were finally identified as the actual diagnostic doses of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor, respectively. The regression equation between mortalities under diagnostic doses and actual resistance ratios tested by the leaf‐dipping method were conducted in different strains of A. gossypii, and the diagnostic mortality of A. gossypii was negatively correlated with the resistance ratio to imidacloprid (r = −0.986, P = 0.002), acetamiprid (r = −0.964, P = 0.008), thiamethoxam (r = −0.930, P = 0.022), nitenpyram (r = −0.950, P = 0.013), dinotefuran (r = −0.976, P = 0.004) and sulfoxaflor (r = −0.937, P = 0.019). Moreover, four A. gossypii field populations were selected to apply the diagnostic kit in the field.ConclusionsA diagnostic kit based on the glass vial bioassay for the rapid detection of resistance to imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor in A. gossypii was developed. The insecticide diagnostic kit for A. gossypii can be a useful screening tool to determine effective insecticides quickly and accurately. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Distribution and genetic characterization of bird rape mustard (Brassica rapa) populations and analysis of glyphosate resistance introgression
Authors: Laforest Martin , Martin Sara , Soufiane Brahim , Bisaillon Katherine , Maheux Lydia , Fortin Sylvain , James Tracey , Miville David , Marcoux Annie , Simard Marie‐Josée 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe introgression of a transgene conferring glyphosate resistance from Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) to Brassica rapa weeds (bird rape) was documented at a single location in 2007. In 2015, several cases of glyphosate resistant mustard were reported by growers in areas where rapeseed was seldom grown.ResultsSurvey result indicated glyphosate resistant bird rape mustard is present in areas where glyphosate tolerant corn and soybean are often grown in rotation. Genetic analyses reveal that hybridization followed by introgression and progressive loss of chromosome is the likely mechanism for the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of glyphosate resistance.ConclusionIntrogression of the glyphosate‐resistance conferring transgene in the populations studied appears to have occurred several times, consistent with the ease for B. rapa to form hybrids with B. napus. The introduction of a transgene into a crop should therefore take into account the weediness of the species that share a common genome and their ability to form hybrids. We provide here such an example between B. napus and B. rapa, and potentially between B. napus and Raphanistrum raphanistrum. © 2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Pest Management Science © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Are principal components with estimated parameters feasible in multivariate process control?
Authors: Shepherd Deborah K. , Rigdon Steven E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrincipal components have been used in conjunction with Hotelling's T2 chart to monitor multivariate processes. It is known that prohibitively large sample sizes are needed to estimate the process parameters with enough precision to deploy the chart. We investigate whether principal components can be used to reduce the dimensionality of a process so that multivariate process control can be performed using estimated parameters. The chart based on the first k principal components, which we will refer to as the chart, is investigated. Specifically, we explore three research questions in this paper: (1) can the chart with estimated parameters be applied with moderate preliminary sample sizes?, (2) are there situations where the charts are able to detect a shift in the mean vector quicker than the T2 charts?, and (3) is it possible to exploit assumptions about the covariance matrix, such as equal covariances, to improve the performance of the chart. Using simulation, we find that for high dimensions, the chart with estimated parameters can be used to detect shifts in the direction of the first principal component. Otherwise, the chart requires very large preliminary sample sizes. When it is reasonable to assume equal covariances, the number of parameters to be estimated is substantially reduced and the performance of the chart is improved.