bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Clarification of Auditors' Responsibilities Under the New Audit Reporting Standards*
Authors: Backof Ann G. , Bowlin Kendall , Goodson Brian M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTGiven the uncertainty regarding auditors' responsibilities, standard setters considered the need for clarification of technical terms such as reasonable assurance in the new audit reporting models. The PCAOB ultimately decided to exclude clarifying language from its final standard, while the Auditing Standards Board and IAASB made such language mandatory. Given the difference in reporting models, this study investigates the role clarification of reasonable assurance plays in auditor negligence. We predict and find that, absent clarification, jurors judge auditors to be more negligent when the audit report includes a related critical audit matters disclosure than when it does not. However, consistent with our prediction, clarifying what is meant by reasonable assurance mitigates this increase in auditors' liability exposure by reducing jurors' perceptions of auditors' personal control over the misstatement at the time of the audit. Thus, our evidence suggests that the PCAOB's decision to not include such language in the new audit reporting model may have been shortsighted given the potential for clarification to mitigate a potential negative unintended consequence to auditors' litigation exposure under the new audit reporting model.
Automated Analysis of Low-Field Brain MRI in Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Tu Danni , Goyal Manu S. , Dworkin Jordan D. , Kampondeni Samuel , Vidal Lorenna , Biondo-Savin Eric , Juvvadi Sandeep , Raghavan Prashant , Nicholas Jennifer , Chetcuti Karen , Clark Kelly , Robert-Fitzgerald Timothy , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Yushkevich Paul , Davatzikos Christos , Erus Guray , Tustison Nicholas J. , Postels Douglas G. , Taylor Terrie E. , Small Dylan S. , Shinohara Russell T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A central challenge of medical imaging studies is to extract biomarkers that characterize disease pathology or outcomes. Modern automated approaches have found tremendous success in high-resolution, high-quality magnetic resonance images. These methods, however, may not translate to low-resolution images acquired on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with lower magnetic field strength. In low-resource settings where low-field scanners are more common and there is a shortage of radiologists to manually interpret MRI scans, it is critical to develop automated methods that can augment or replace manual interpretation, while accommodating reduced image quality. We present a fully automated framework for translating radiological diagnostic criteria into image-based biomarkers, inspired by a project in which children with cerebral malaria (CM) were imaged using low-field 0.35 Tesla MRI. We integrate multiatlas label fusion, which leverages high-resolution images from another sample as prior spatial information, with parametric Gaussian hidden Markov models based on image intensities, to create a robust method for determining ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume. We also propose normalized image intensity and texture measurements to determine the loss of gray-to-white matter tissue differentiation and sulcal effacement. These integrated biomarkers have excellent classification performance for determining severe brain swelling due to CM.
Silybin suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 activity
Authors: Wei Zibo , Ye Shuangyan , Feng Haipeng , Zeng Chong , Dong Xinhuai , Zeng Xiaokang , Zeng Liming , Lin Xu , Liu Qiuzhen , Yao Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is a sign of malignant tumors, and targeting the metabolism of tumor cells has become a promising therapeutic approach. Here, we report that Silybin (a nontoxic flavonoid commonly used for liver protection) exhibits prominent anti‐tumor effects on human ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of an ovarian cancer cell line with Silybin interfered with glutamine metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We applied the drug affinity responsive target stability approach to show that Silybin binds to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). This combination leads to reduced phosphorylation of IDH1 and inhibits enzyme activity. IDH1 dysfunction significantly increases the ratio of NADP/NADPH in the cell, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species generation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IDH1 was increased in ovarian cancer samples compared with normal para‐tumoral tissues. Xenograft murine experiments indicated that Silybin administered orally suppressed the growth of the tumor formed by ovarian cancer cells. In combination, our data strongly suggest that Silybin targets IDH1 in ovarian cancer cells and may be a novel treatment candidate.
Predictors of 1‐year outcome after cardiac re‐transplantation: Machine learning analysis
Authors: Kainuma Atsushi , Ning Yuming , Kurlansky Paul A. , Wang Amy S. , Latif Farhana , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir , Kaku Yuji , Naka Yoshifumi , Takeda Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs cardiac re‐transplantation is associated with inferior outcomes compared with primary transplantation, allocating scarce resources to appropriate re‐transplant candidates is important. The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors associated with 1‐year mortality in cardiac re‐transplantation using the random forests algorithm for survival analysis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry and identified all adult (> 17 years old) recipients who underwent cardiac re‐transplantation between January 2000 and March 2020. The random forest algorithm on Cox modeling was used to calculate the variable importance (VIMP) of independent variables for contributing to 1‐year mortality.ResultsA total of 1294 patients underwent cardiac re‐transplantation. Of these, 137 patients were re‐transplanted within 1 year of their first transplant, while 1157 patients were re‐transplanted more than 1 year after their first transplant. One‐year mortality was significantly higher for patients receiving early transplantation compared with those receiving late transplantation (Early 40.6% vs. Late 13.6%, log‐rank P < .001). Machine learning analysis showed that total bilirubin (> 2 mg/dl) (VIMP, 2.99%) was an independent predictor of 1‐year mortality after early re‐transplant. High BMI (> 30.0 kg/m2) (VIMP, 1.43%) and ventilator dependence (VIMP, 1.47%) were independent predictors of 1‐year mortality for the late re‐transplantation group.ConclusionMachine learning showed that optimal 1‐year survival following cardiac re‐transplantation was significantly related to liver function in early re‐transplantation, and to obesity and preoperative ventilator dependence in late re‐transplantation.
Transition to adult services experienced by young people with cerebral palsy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M. , Walsh Michael , Owens Mary , Byrne Michael , Kroll Thilo , Hensey Owen , Kerr Claire , Norris Meriel , Walsh Aisling , Lavelle Grace , Fortune Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo assess if young people with cerebral palsy experience and health professionals provide practices that may improve transition from child to adult health services.MethodSeventy‐five young people (31 females, 44 males; mean age 18 years 5 months [standard deviation 2 years 2 months]) and/or parents and 108 health professionals completed a questionnaire describing their experience or the provision of nine transition practices.ResultsThe percentage of young people reporting each practice was: appropriate parent involvement (90%); promotion of health self‐efficacy (37%); named worker who supports the transition process (36%); self‐management support for physical health (36%); self‐management support for mental health (17%); information about the transition process (24%); meeting the adult team (16%); and life skills training (16%). Post‐discharge, 10% of young people reported that their general practitioner (GP) received a discharge letter. The percentage of health professionals reporting each practice was: promotion of health self‐efficacy (73.2%); self‐management support (73.2%); information (69%); consulting the parent and young person about parent involvement (63% and 66%); discharge letter to a GP (55%); life skills training (36%); named worker (35%); meeting the adult team (30%); and senior manager (20%).InterpretationMany young people did not experience practices that may improve the experience and outcomes of transition. Young people should be involved in the development and delivery of transition to ensure it meets their needs.What this paper adds

Many young people with cerebral palsy (CP) do not receive support that may improve the experience of transition.
Appropriate protocols and training for health professionals may improve the provision of transition and reduce inconsistency in care between and within organizations.
Young people and their families should be involved in service design, delivery, and evaluation related to the transition to ensure it meets their needs.
Assessing grasshopper communities in mountainous meadows – a comparison of a visual‐acoustic and a novel, purely acoustic soundscape method
Authors: Walcher Ronnie , Hussain Raja Imran , Sachslehner Leopold , Zaller Johann G. , Arnberger Arne , Frank Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrasshoppers (Orthoptera, suborders Ensifera and Caelifera) are often used as bioindicators to assess the effects of human‐induced land‐use changes. However, such assessment is largely depending on the methods that provide an accurate estimation. In the present study, we compared grasshopper species richness and assemblages on mountainous meadows in the Austrian Alps by applying a commonly used visual‐acoustic method and a novel soundscape method. For the visual‐acoustic method, we walked through the meadows for 1 h at a slow pace and recorded any visually and acoustically noticeable species. For the soundscape method, sound recorders combined with bat detectors were installed at fixed positions. Comparing both methods, there was no significant difference in species richness; however, we found significantly higher numbers of Caelifera species with the visual‐acoustic method and marginally higher numbers of Ensifera species with the soundscape method. Grasshopper assemblages differed marginally significantly between the two methods. With the soundscape method significantly more species were found between 12:00 and 17:00 hours compared to the samples taken between 10:00 and 12:00 hours. The soundscape method represents a reliable and by the observer unbiased technique to investigate grasshoppers within their environment. The visual‐acoustic method is especially preferable for the detection of non‐stridulating species which cannot be assessed with the soundscape method. Thus, researchers might consider using a sampling plan that mixes different sampling methods in order to offset potential limitations in sampling grasshopper species.
Following the track: accuracy and reproducibility of predation assessment on artificial caterpillars
Authors: Valdés‐Correcher Elena , Mäntylä Elina , Barbaro Luc , Damestoy Thomas , Sam Katerina , Castagneyrol Bastien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExperimental studies of biotic interactions in real field conditions are essential to understand the structure and functioning of ecological networks. The use of artificial caterpillars to mimic actual prey availability is generally seen as a standard approach to compare the activity and diversity of predators along environmental gradients. Yet, even with standardized material and procedures, biases may still affect data from multiple observers with different expertise. We used pictures of artificial caterpillars with or without various predation marks, in an online survey that was targeted for the participants of the project, to evaluate the reliability of predation marks identification made by non‐scientists and by scientists with and without experience in predation mark identification. Pictures of artificial caterpillars displayed typical marks left by birds, mammals, and arthropods, as well as non‐predation marks (‘false positive’). In total 357 respondents scanned 7140 pictures of artificial caterpillars. Scientists were more confident and accurate in their observations than non‐scientists, but the differences in correct identifications among scientists and non‐scientists were low. Scientists with experience were also more accurate than scientists without experience, whereas there were no differences in self‐confidence among scientists with and without experience. Accuracy in predation mark identification did not differ among types of predators, but respondents were more keen to identify marks left by birds or mammals than marks left by arthropods. Our results have practical implications for the design of multi‐observer projects relying on artificial caterpillars as a proxy to assess predation intensity, in particular in the context of citizen science.
Designing Sustainable Craft Curricula: Balancing Academic and Practical Training
Authors: Choi Eunghan , Song Min Jeong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince craft education was absorbed into higher education (HE), the concept of crafts and the demographic profiles of crafts practitioners have evolved, yet little is known about the extent to which craft programmes in HE are adapting to 21st‐century changes and trends. This study aimed to investigate current HE crafts curricula in South Korea, focusing on students' perception of the efficacy of academic crafts training, and to identify the knowledge and skillsets required for competence in creative industries. A content analysis of craft curricula in HE and a focus group interview and survey of students revealed that students are interested in the blurred territories between artistry and entrepreneurship and the application of crafts with the opportunities enabled by new technologies. Accordingly, HE craft programmes are reforming to meet the needs of the new generation of practitioners, but traditional discipline‐specific training with a fine arts approach and the division between studio/theory and academic/professional course content persists. We suggest that HE programmes offer more craft‐specific entrepreneurial education integrated into studio‐based courses with hands‐on practice and interdisciplinary content to meet students' needs and foster the flexible mindset required to become a craft practitioner.
Institutional ownership and the informativeness of disclosure tone
Authors: Jain Ankit , Manchiraju Hariom , Sunder Shyam V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDisclosure tone is an important qualitative characteristic of managerial disclosures. There is mixed evidence on the role of tone in disclosure strategy. While some studies highlight the informativeness of disclosure tone, other studies provide evidence consistent with an information obfuscation role. We conjecture that the mixed evidence may be because prior studies have not explicitly modeled the role of oversight over managerial disclosure. Using an exogenous shock to institutional ownership, an important source of managerial oversight, we find that abnormal disclosure tone is informative of a firm's future earnings and cash flows when institutional ownership is high. This positive association between institutional ownership and informativeness of abnormal tone is stronger when there is an increase in quasi‐indexer institutional ownership and the contemporaneous performance is negative. Collectively, the results highlight a more complex role for disclosure tone. Abnormal disclosure tone could be reflective of managerial sentiment and convey forward‐looking information to investors in the presence of greater oversight over managerial actions.
Hypoxia induced‐disruption of lncRNA TUG1/PRC2 interaction impairs human trophoblast invasion through epigenetically activating Nodal/ALK7 signalling
Authors: Hu Mengsi , Wang Yao , Meng Yanping , Hu Jinxiu , Qiao Jiao , Zhen Junhui , Liang Decai , Fan Minghua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInadequate trophoblastic invasion is considered as one of hallmarks of preeclampsia (PE), which is characterized by newly onset of hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (>300 mg in a 24‐h urine) after 20 weeks of gestation. Accumulating evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs are aberrantly expressed in PE, whereas detailed mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we showed that lncRNA Taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) were downregulated in preeclamptic placenta and in HTR8/SVneo cells under hypoxic conditions, together with reduced enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) and embryonic ectoderm development (EED) expression, major components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), as well as activation of Nodal/ALK7 signalling pathway. Mechanistically, we found that TUG1 bound to PRC2 (EZH2/EED) in HTR8/SVneo cells and weakened TUG1/PRC2 interplay was correlated with upregulation of Nodal expression via decreasing H3K27me3 mark at the promoter region of Nodal gene under hypoxic conditions. And activation of Nodal signalling prohibited trophoblast invasion via reducing MMP2 levels. Overexpression of TUG1 or EZH2 significantly attenuated hypoxia‐induced reduction of trophoblastic invasiveness via negative modulating Nodal/ALK7 signalling and rescuing expression of its downstream target MMP2. These investigations might provide some evidence for novel mechanisms responsible for inadequate trophoblastic invasion and might shed some light on identifying future therapeutic targets for PE.
Non‐invasive, in vivo, characterization of cutaneous metastases using a novel multimodal RCM‐OCT imaging device: a case‐series
Authors: Bang A.S. , Monnier J. , Harris U. , Garfinkel J. , Rubinstein G. , Iftimia N. , Pulitzer M. , Murray M. , Lacouture M.E. , Jain M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous metastases (CM) diagnosis is clinically challenging, requiring an invasive biopsy for confirmation. A novel, RCM‐OCT device combines the advantage of horizontal high‐resolution reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images and vertical deeper optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to aid in non‐invasive diagnosis of CM from breast cancers.ObjectiveCharacterize CM from breast cancers using RCM‐OCT device.MethodsSeven patients suffering from breast cancers with suspicious CM were consented and imaged with RCM‐OCT device. CM features were defined by comparing with histopathology. Tumour depths were measured on OCT and on H&E‐images and correlated using statistical analysis Pearson test. 3D‐OCT images were reconstructed to enhance tumour visualization.Results6/7 lesions were CM from breast cancers, and one was vascular ectasia, on histopathology. CM appeared as greyish‐darkish oval to round structures within the dermis on RCM and OCT‐images. On RCM, individual tumour cells were seen, enabling identification of even small tumour foci; while, on OCT deeper tumours were detected. Inflammatory cells, dilated vessels and coarse collagen were identified in the dermis. Pearson correlation had an r2 of 0.38 and a significant P‐value <0.004 for depth measurements. CM from breast cancers could be differentiated from ecstatic vessels on 3D‐reconstructed OCT image.LimitationSmall sample size and lack of clinical mimickers.ConclusionRCM‐OCT can detect CM and has potential in aiding non‐invasive diagnosis and management.
Effects of resin materials dedicated for additive manufacturing of temporary dental restorations on human gingival keratinocytes
Authors: Frasheri Iris , Aumer Katharina , Keßler Andreas , Miosge Nicolai , Folwaczny Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of eluates of conventional and 3D‐printed resin materials for manufacturing temporary dental restorations on gingival keratinocytes.MethodsThree‐dimensional (3D)‐printed resin materials: 3Delta temp (Deltamed), NextDent MFH (Nextdent), Freeprint temp (Detax), GC temp (GC), were compared to Grandio disc (Voco) and Luxatemp (DMG). Human gingival keratinocytes (IHGKs) were exposed to eluates of the materials and XTT assays were performed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, or 144 h. For quantification of the proinflammatory response, the protein amount of IL‐6 and 8 was determined in the supernatants using ELISA. One‐way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to compare differences in cell viability and IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels between groups.ResultsAt 24 h, and more remarkably at 48 h, a significant decrease in cell viability occurred for the 3D‐printed materials compared to the untreated IHGKs, but also compared to Grandio disc and Luxatemp. Except for the expression of IL‐8 in presence of the eluate of Grandio disc at 24 and 48 h, all tested materials caused attenuation of IL‐6 and 8 from IHGKs for any observation period.ConclusionsThe materials for additive manufacturing affect cell proliferation differently than the subtractive manufactured material Grandio disc and the conventional material Luxatemp.Clinical SignificanceIn comparison to conventional and subtractive manufactured restorations, 3D printed temporary restorations might induce more negative effects on the gingival and probably also on pulpal health since viability and the proinflammatory response of oral keratinocytes are more intensively affected by these materials.
Recognising recognition: Self‐other dynamics in everyday encounters and experiences
Authors: Amer Amena , Obradovic Sandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAt the core of what makes humans, and their behaviour, social, is the interplay between self and other. Our identities, for example, are essential to our functioning as social beings as they allow us to make sense of ourselves, and others, across different contexts. We care about how others see us and achieving congruence between how we see ourselves, how we think relevant others see us, and indeed how relevant others actually see us in turn, becomes integral for achieving a positive sense of self. Therefore, humans require recognition from relevant others. This recognition can take many different forms, from legal recognition of one's rights in society, to social recognition of one's belonging to different groups. Moreover, the absence of recognition can lead to serious repercussions and consequences, resulting, on an individual level, in a reduced mode of being and feelings of exclusion, and on a social and political level, in tensions and conflict. The current special issue takes a multidisciplinary approach to contribute to the growing debates and discussions around the importance of understanding recognition and its role in social behaviour. As the introduction to this special issue, this paper argues that the concept of recognition enables a better understanding of how identification and belonging become entangled with power struggles and expressions of agency. Doing so leads us to conclude that a social psychology of identity and intra/intergroup relations which does not consider power relations, as bound up in processes of recognition and its denial, fails to consider the key processes and broader impact that exclusion, subtle or explicit, has on individuals' well‐being, belonging and ability to act in the world.