bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative analysis of Doppler assessment used for surveillance of alloimmunized individuals
Authors: Hannah Christian M. , Tessier Katelyn M. , Contag Stephen A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize image quality variables for alloimmunized women at risk for fetal anemia. To investigate the association between image quality with the highest and median middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) at the last visit and fetal anemia based on hemoglobin.Study DesignThis study was a qualitative retrospective analysis of 192 Doppler ultrasound images used in the detection of fetal anemia in 26 alloimmunized women seen in a Minneapolis hospital over the past 3 years. Images were graded on seven criteria found in literature.ResultsOf the images analyzed, 23 (12.0%) of the 192 met all seven image quality criteria. Using the highest MCA‐PSV value, the sensitivity, and specificity were 55.6% and 94.1%, respectively. Using the median MCA‐PSV value, the sensitivity, and specificity were 44.4% and 94.1%, respectively.ConclusionsOnly a minority of Doppler images meet all suggested image criteria. This could negatively impact the accuracy of the MCA‐PSV measurements as indicated by the decreased sensitivity in our evaluations.
Preparation of photoluminescent nanocomposite ink for detection and mapping of fingermarks
Authors: Snari Razan M. , Pashameah Rami A. , Alatawi Nada M. , Mogharbel Amal T. , Al‐Ahmed Zehbah A. , Abumelha Hana M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSimple and efficient detection and mapping method based on a strong turn‐on fluorescent pigment was developed for fingerprint analysis. We present a phosphor powder characterized by strong emission which is useful to achieve better fingerprint detection on multicolored or photoluminescent surfaces, such as currency notes characterized by optically changeable inks and highly fluorescent positions, because it offers better contrast and reduce the difficulty of background interference. Novel photochromic ink was prepared to establish a fingerprinted colorless film onto cellulose documents with green emission for anticounterfeiting applications as illustrated by photoluminescence spectra. Inorganic/organic nanoscale composite ink was prepared from rare‐earth doped aluminate phosphor nanoparticles (PNPs; 27–49 nm) dispersed in a polyacrylic acid binding agent. PNPs were dispersed efficiently in polyacrylic acid to generate a colorless mark. The produced photochromic inks were spray‐coated onto off‐white paper sheets enclosing invisible fingermarks, and then exposed to thermofixation. Photochromic film was detected on paper surface presenting a transparent appearance under visible daylight and switchable to green under UV light. The CIE Lab parameters and photoluminescence spectra were studied under visible light and ultraviolet irradiation. The fingerprinted sheets showed fluorescence band at 517 nm upon excitation at 366 nm, showing a bathochromic shift and reversible photochromism without fatigue. The morphologies of pigment phosphor particles and fingerprinted sheets were inspected. The rheological properties of ink and mechanical behavior of the fingerprinted paper samples were explored.Highlights
Novel smart ink with alkaline‐earth aluminate and polyacrylic acid was developed.
Dual‐mode fluorescent photochromism was presented for latent fingerprint analysis.
Off‐white fingerprinted films under daylight showed color change to green under UV.
Fluorescence band monitored at 517 nm upon excitation at 366 nm.
Fluorescent fingermark on paper sheets demonstrated good photostability.
Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis to estimate the maximum temperature reached in burned soils from an Amazonian region
Authors: Rocha Débora Rodrigues , Thomaz Edivaldo Lopes , Urbano Alexandre , Vendrame Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira , Melquiades Fábio Luiz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetermining the maximum temperature reached in soil during burning is important when evaluating fire intensity. Forest conversion is an ongoing process in the Amazon ecosystem. It is of utmost importance to predict fire effects on soil properties and avoid damaging environmental systems. Spectroscopic methods combined with multivariate statistics may provide chemical and mineralogical information from soil. This study aims at predicting the maximum temperature reached in Oxisols from an Amazonian region in Brazil. Slash‐and‐burn and pasture samples collected after fire events and unburned forest soil samples submitted to heating (250–800 °C) were investigated. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used to acquire chemical data. The experimental procedure is rapid and requires minimal sample preparation and no hazardous chemical reagents. The EDXRF data, combined with partial least squares regression, were applied in controlled‐heated samples from five different sites of forest, pasture, and slash‐and‐burn areas. Estimated temperatures for burned samples ranged from 317 to 609 °C. Considering the instrumental advantages and the achieved results, the use of EDXRF combined with multivariate analysis is a feasible alternative technology to evaluate fire effects in soil.
The potential of regenerative agriculture to improve soil health on Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Daverkosen Lærke , Holzknecht Alena , Friedel Jürgen K. , Keller Thomas , Strobel Bjarne W. , Wendeberg Annelie , Jordan Sabine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegenerative agriculture has gained attention in mainstream media, academic literature, and international politics in recent years. While many practices and outcomes relate to RA, there is no uniform definition of the term, and only a few comprehensive scientific studies exist of “real‐life” farms and the complexity of what is considered regenerative management and its impact on soil health.AimsThis study aimed to relate the impact of single and various combinations of regenerative management practices to soil health indicators on Gotland, Sweden.MethodsSoil health of 17 farm fields and six gardens was assessed on 11 farms that had applied regenerative agricultural practices for zero to 30 years. We measured a variety of physical (bulk density, infiltration rate, wet aggregate stability, root depth and abundance, penetration resistance), chemical (pH, electric conductivity, C:N ratio, total organic carbon) and biological (earthworm abundance, active carbon, microbial biomass carbon) soil indicators. These parameters were related to regenerative practices (reduced tillage, application of organic matter, livestock integration, crop diversity, and share of legumes and perennials) through a combination of hierarchical clustering, Analysis of Variance and Tukey's tests, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regressions.ResultsAt our study sites, the application of organic matter had a positive impact on bulk density, carbon‐related parameters, wet aggregate stability, and infiltration rate, while reduced tillage and increased share of perennials combined had a positive impact on vegetation density, root abundance and depth, and wet aggregate stability. The field plots were divided into four clusters according to their management, and we found significantly higher values of total organic carbon (*), C:N (*), infiltration rate (**), and earthworm abundance (*) for crop‐high‐org‐input, the management cluster with highest values of organic matter application and no tillage. We found significantly higher values of vegetation density (***) and root abundance (**) for perm‐cover‐livestock, the cluster with no tillage, integration of livestocks, and permanent cover (*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, °p < 0.1).ConclusionsWe support existing knowledge on positive impacts of regenerative practices, namely, the addition of organic amendment that improved carbon‐related parameters, as well as the positive effects on soil structure of reduced tillage in combination with an increased share of perennials. We argue for an outcome‐based, and principle‐led concept of regenerative agriculture as a context‐dependent agricultural approach.
Optimization of Dendrobium officinale flower soft candy preparation and evaluation of its antioxidant activity
Authors: Zhenlin Zhang , Yunjiang Min , Qingqing Xue , Xiaodie Ma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe preparation of Dendrobium officinale flower soft candy was optimized based on orthogonal tests, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory properties. A concentrated flower extract served as the raw material, with gelatin and agar powder serving as the gelling agent. The optimal amount of each component in the candy was studied. Nutrient content and antioxidant activity were also determined for the soft candy.ResultsThe amount of each component in the candy affected the hardness, chewability, toughness, and elasticity. With a total sugar content of 500 g, the soft candies prepared with 30% concentrated flower extract, 15% gelling agent, 25% sweetener, and 0.14% acidulant showed appropriate hardness, springiness, resilience, and chewiness, and this particular preparation achieved the highest sensory score of 90.01. The soft candies contained 2.24% flavonoids and showed free radical scavenging activities against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (69.7%) and 2,2‐azido‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (61.2%). The candies also contained protein, carbohydrates, sodium, and other nutrients, suggesting that they are suitable for consumption by the general population.ConclusionThe optimal formulation of the soft candies was determined by orthogonal experiments and exhibited appropriate flavor, texture, and moderate nutritional value.
Effect of cultivar, maturation stage, and year on sugar and phenolic composition of elderberries
Authors: Ferreira Sandrine S. , Silva Pedro , Silva Amélia M. , Nunes Fernando M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe chemical composition, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity of the three main Portuguese elderberry cultivars were determined for the first time through five stages of maturation, in different harvesting years, to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of climatic conditions and enzymatic activity involved in the synthesis and degradation of phenolic compounds on the final quality of elderberries.RESULTSSimple sugar and anthocyanin content increased with maturation but total acidity and flavonoids content decreased, and cinnamic acids did not show a clear trend. Climatic conditions seem to have a decisive influence on the elderberry maturation, namely the total number of hot (>30 °C) days. The PAL, PPO, and POD activity can explain the differences observed in elderberry phenolic content.CONCLUSIONThese results highlighted the influence of climatic conditions in each harvesting season on elderberry development and quality. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Long‐term manure application enhances organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in Mollisol subsoil
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Mohsin , Shah Syed Atizaz Ali , Sun Nan , Mehmood Khalid , Aziz Tariq , Waqas Muhammad Ahmed , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Baoku , Ma Xingzhu , Xu Minggang , Mustafa Adnan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubsoils contain half of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) that is supposed to be relatively more persistent than that present in the topsoil. Improving SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in croplands is crucial to mitigate climate change and ensuring food security. However, our insight into how the management practices and climatic variables influence stocks of SOC and TN, and crop grain yields in the soil profile is limited. In this study, we assessed the long‐term impacts of mineral and manure fertilizers on SOC and TN stocks at soil profile levels (up to 100 cm), and cropping system (wheat–maize–soybean) grain yields. Results indicated that in the top 0–40‐cm layers SOC and TN stocks were the highest in manure plus mineral fertilizers (MNPK) compared with control, that is, non‐fertilized control (CK). Conversely, compared with NPK, sole application of manure (M) clearly increased SOC stocks by 19%, 40%, and 39% and TN stocks by 51%, 105%, and 116% in 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, Pearson correlation revealed that climate variables, that is, mean annual temperature (MAT) affected both SOC and TN stocks in 0–40‐cm layers only of the soil profile. Our findings implicated that the sole application of manure (M) is vital to augment SOC and TN sequestration, particularly in the subsurface layers. However, trade‐offs between SOC and TN sequestration and crop yields should also need to be considered while making recommendations for SOC and TN stocks maintenance and increasing crop productivity in terms of management strategies.
Suitability of Automated Writing Measures for Clinical Trial Outcome in Writer's Cramp
Authors: Bukhari‐Parlakturk Noreen , Lutz Michael W. , Al‐Khalidi Hussein R. , Unnithan Shakthi , Wang Joyce En‐Hua , Scott Burton , Termsarasab Pichet , Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Calakos Nicole 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWriter's cramp (WC) dystonia is a rare disease that causes abnormal postures during the writing task. Successful research studies for WC and other forms of dystonia are contingent on identifying sensitive and specific measures that relate to the clinical syndrome and achieve a realistic sample size to power research studies for a rare disease. Although prior studies have used writing kinematics, their diagnostic performance remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of automated measures that distinguish subjects with WC from healthy volunteers.MethodsA total of 21 subjects with WC and 22 healthy volunteers performed a sentence‐copying assessment on a digital tablet using kinematic and hand recognition softwares. The sensitivity and specificity of automated measures were calculated using a logistic regression model. Power analysis was performed for two clinical research designs using these measures. The test and retest reliability of select automated measures was compared across repeat sentence‐copying assessments. Lastly, a correlational analysis with subject‐ and clinician‐rated outcomes was performed to understand the clinical meaning of automated measures.ResultsOf the 23 measures analyzed, the measures of word legibility and peak accelerations distinguished subjects with WC from healthy volunteers with high sensitivity and specificity and demonstrated smaller sample sizes suitable for rare disease studies, and the kinematic measures showed high reliability across repeat visits, while both word legibility and peak accelerations measures showed significant correlations with the subject‐ and clinician‐rated outcomes.ConclusionsNovel automated measures that capture key aspects of the disease and are suitable for use in clinical research studies of WC dystonia were identified. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Chorioretinal atrophy following voretigene neparvovec despite the presence of fundus autofluorescence
Authors: Kolesnikova Masha , Lima de Carvalho Jose Ronaldo , Parmann Rait , Kim Angela H. , Mahajan Vinit B. , Tsang Stephen H. , Sparrow Janet R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionLeber congenital amaurosis (LCA) type 2, due to disease‐causing variants in RPE65, is characterized by severe visual loss in early infancy. Current treatments include voretigene neparvovec‐rzyl (VN) for RPE65‐associated LCA. Herein, we present the long‐term follow‐up of a patient treated with VN using quantitative autofluorescence (488 nm excitation).Case ReportA 9‐year‐old girl with a diagnosis of LCA with biallelic variants in RPE65 presented for evaluation. The patient underwent VN treatment at the age of 11. The patient returned to clinic at age of 19 at which time imaging revealed evidence of chorioretinal atrophy. Quantitative autofluorescence performed prior to gene therapy and at 6‐ and 8‐year follow‐up revealed a central area of fundus autofluorescence.DiscussionThis case report demonstrates acquisition of fundus autofluorescence at 6‐ and 8‐year follow‐up despite the development of chorioretinal atrophy.
PGNet: Projection generative network for sparse‐view reconstruction of projection‐based magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Wu Xiangjun , He Bingxi , Gao Pengli , Zhang Peng , Shang Yaxin , Zhang Liwen , Zhong Jing , Jiang Jingying , Hui Hui , Tian Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel tomographic imaging modality that scans the distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. However, it is time‐consuming to scan multiview two‐dimensional (2D) projections for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction in projection MPI, such as computed tomography (CT). An intuitive idea is to use the sparse‐view projections for reconstruction to improve the temporal resolution. Tremendous progress has been made toward addressing the sparse‐view problem in CT, because of the availability of large data sets. For the novel tomography of MPI, to the best of our knowledge, studies on the sparse‐view problem have not yet been reported.PurposeThe acquisition of multiview projections for 3D MPI imaging is time‐consuming. Our goal is to only acquire sparse‐view projections for reconstruction to improve the 3D imaging temporal resolution of projection MPI.MethodsWe propose to address the sparse‐view problem in projection MPI by generating novel projections. The data set we constructed consists of three parts: simulation data set (including 3000 3D data), four phantoms data, and an in vivo mouse data. The simulation data set is used to train and validate the network, and the phantoms and in vivo mouse data are used to test the network. When the number of novel generated projections meets the requirements of filtered back projection, the streaking artifacts will be absent from MPI tomographic imaging. Specifically, we propose a projection generative network (PGNet), that combines an attention mechanism, adversarial training strategy, and a fusion loss function and can generate novel projections based on sparse‐view real projections. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose a deep learning method to attempt to overcome the sparse‐view problem in projection MPI.ResultsWe compare our method with several sparse‐view methods on phantoms and in vivo mouse data and validate the advantages and effectiveness of our proposed PGNet. Our proposed PGNet enables the 3D imaging temporal resolution of projection MPI to be improved by 6.6 times, while significantly suppressing the streaking artifacts.ConclusionWe proposed a deep learning method operated in projection domain to address the sparse‐view reconstruction of MPI, and the data scarcity problem in projection MPI reconstruction is alleviated by constructing a sparse‐dense simulated projection data set. By our proposed method, the number of acquisitions of real projections can be reduced. The advantage of our method is that it prevents the generation of streaking artifacts at the source. Our proposed sparse‐view reconstruction method has great potential for application to time‐sensitive in vivo 3D MPI imaging.
Noninvasively differentiating acute and chronic nephropathies via multiparametric urea‐CEST, nuclear Overhauser enhancement‐CEST, and quantitative magnetization transfer MRI
Authors: Shin Soo Hyun , Wendland Michael F. , Wang Jingshen , Velasquez Mark , Vandsburger Moriel H. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeStandardized blood tests often lack adequate sensitivity and specificity to capture the gradual progression of renal injuries. We suggest a multiparametric molecular MRI approach as a noninvasive tool for monitoring renal function loss and distinguishing different types of renal injuries.MethodsCEST and quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging were performed on cisplatin (n = 16) and aristolochic acid (AA)‐induced nephropathy (n = 22) mouse models at 7T with an infusion of either saline or urea. Seven‐pool Lorentzian fitting was applied for the analysis of CEST Z‐spectra, and the T1‐corrected CEST contrast apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (AREX) from urea (+1 ppm) and two nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) pools (−1.6 and −3.5 ppm) were measured. Similarly, qMT spectra were fitted into two‐pool Ramani equation and the relative semi‐solid macromolecular pool‐size ratio was measured. Histology of mouse kidneys was performed to validate the MR findings.ResultsAA model showed disrupted spatial gradients of urea in the kidney and significantly decreased NOE CEST and qMT contrast. The cisplatin model showed slightly decreased qMT contrast only. The orrelation of MR parameters to histological features showed that NOE CEST and qMT imaging are sensitive to both acute and chronic injuries, whereas urea CEST shows a significant correlation only to acute injuries.ConclusionThese results indicate that our multiparametric approach allows comprehensive and totally noninvasive monitoring of renal function and histological changes for distinguishing different nephropathies.
Fast bound and pore water mapping of cortical bone with arbitrary slice oriented two‐dimensional ultra‐short echo time
Authors: Harkins Kevin D. , Ketsiri Thammathida , Nyman Jeffry S. , Does Mark D. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeExtend fast, two‐dimensional (2D) methods of bound and pore water mapping in bone to arbitrary slice orientation.MethodsTo correct for slice profile artifacts caused by gradient errors of half pulse 2D ultra‐short echo time (UTE), we developed a library of predistorted gradient waveforms that can be used to interpolate optimized gradient waveforms for 2D UTE slice selection. We also developed a method to estimate and correct for a bulk phase difference between the two half pulse excitations used for 2D UTE signal excitation. Bound water images were acquired in three healthy subjects with adiabatic inversion recovery prepared 2D UTE, while pore water images were acquired after short‐T2 signals were suppressed with double adiabatic inversion recovery preparation. The repeatability of bound and pore water imaging with 2D UTE was tested by repeating acquisitions after repositioning.ResultsThe library‐based interpolation of optimized slice select gradient waveforms combined with the method to estimate bulk phase between two excitations provided compact slice profiles for half pulse excited 2D UTE. Quantitative bound and pore water values were highly repeatable—the pooled SD of bound water across all three subjects was 0.38 mol H/L, while pooled SD of pore water was 0.30 mol H/L.ConclusionFast, quantitative, 2D UTE‐based bound and pore water images can be acquired at arbitrary oblique orientations after correcting for errors in the slice select gradient waveform and bulk phase shift between the two half acquisitions.