bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ranking the sustainable development goals: perceived sustainability priorities in small island states
Authors: Eppinga Maarten B. , Mijts Eric N. , Santos Maria J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to elicit global mobilization to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and are increasingly used in support of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Previous studies have highlighted interdependencies between SDGs, with potential interactions between four Sustainability Domains: Economy, Governance, Planet and Society. This study aimed to assess whether people’s perception of the relative importance of the SDGs reflects recognition of the need to prioritize efforts across Domains, or whether this perception is based on different valuations of the Sustainability Domains themselves. We designed an interactive online tool in which participants used the Q-sort technique to rank the SDGs according to their subjective valuation of importance. We analyzed the rankings of 108 participants, all learners at universities in three Small Island States (SIS): Aruba, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. Analysis of the correlation structure among participants’ Q-sorts showed that higher perceived importance of the Society- and Economy-related SDGs 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 traded off with lower perceived importance of the Planet-related SDGs 13, 14 and 15. Furthermore, SDG rankings of learners from Aruba occurred furthest toward the Planet-based part of this trade-off axis. For ESD programs, our method provides a novel tool to identify key interactions between SDGs that may not yet be recognized by program participants. In this way, communicating the need for simultaneous action and policy development across Sustainability Domains could be specifically tailored to the local context. Such connections may increase the effectiveness of ESD in addressing the substantial sustainability challenges facing SIS.
Oxidative Refining of Metallurgical Grade Silicon: Lab-Scale Measurements on the Overarching Refining Behavior of Ca and Al
Authors: Bjørnstad Erlend L. , Jung In-Ho , Van Ende Marie-Aline , Tranell Gabriella 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Oxidative ladle refining (OLR) is the most widely used refining process for removal of dissolved Ca and Al in the industrial production of metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si). Refining occurs by purging the silicon alloy with an oxygen–air mixture at temperatures preferably between 1823 K and 1873 K, forming a SiO

$$_{2}$$

2

–CaO–Al

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

slag, which is then separated from the liquid alloy before casting. To meet higher quality demands and customer specifications, it is paramount to achieve greater process control of the industrial system, which requires a deeper understanding of the Ca and Al mass transfer kinetics, and the general refining behavior. In this work, laboratory-scale experiments have been performed, aiming to emulate the industrial process. Five different alloy compositions, with varying initial Ca and Al concentration, were refined over 11 experiments, with samples taken at 0, 5, 7, 10, and 15 minutes at 1873 K. A FactSage-based model was used to explore the underlying thermodynamic system behavior. The results suggest that OLR of MG-Si occurs in three primary steps, initially by the formation of slag by surface oxidation and purge gas, through the depletion of dissolved Ca in the melt, and secondarily by the formation of silica. Towards the end of the refining process, a critical amount of slag has been formed by the previous steps such that a global equilibrium is attained between the SiO

$$_{2}$$

2

–CaO–Al

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

slag and the silicon alloy.
Risk Factors for Symptomatic Gallstone Disease and Gallstone Formation After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Haal Sylke , Guman Maimoena S. S. , Bruin Sjoerd , Schouten Ruben , van Veen Ruben N. , Fockens Paul , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Hutten Barbara A. , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Voermans Rogier P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposePatients who undergo bariatric surgery are at risk for developing cholesterol gallstones. We aimed to identify risk factors that are associated with symptomatic gallstone disease and gallstone formation after bariatric surgery.Materials and MethodsWe included participants of the UPGRADE trial, a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial on the prevention of symptomatic gallstone disease with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) after bariatric surgery. The association between patient characteristics and symptomatic gallstone disease, and gallstone formation was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 959 patients, 78 (8%) developed symptomatic gallstone disease within 24 months. Risk factors were the presence of a pain syndrome (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.17) and asymptomatic gallstones before surgery (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.87 to 5.33). Advanced age (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97) was protective, and UDCA prophylaxis did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.03). No risk factors were identified for gallstone formation, whereas advanced age (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00), statin use (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.90), and UDCA prophylaxis (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.73) all reduced the risk.ConclusionYoung patients with a preoperative pain syndrome and/or asymptomatic gallstones before bariatric surgery are at increased risk for symptomatic gallstone disease after surgery. Whether statins, either alone or in combination with UDCA prophylaxis, can further reduce the burden of gallstones after bariatric surgery should be investigated prospectively.Graphical abstract
Cellular Heterogeneity and Plasticity of Skin Epithelial Cells in Wound Healing and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Jingru , He Jia , Zhu Meishu , Han Yan , Yang Ronghua , Liu Hongwei , Xu Xuejuan , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cellular differentiation, the fundamental hallmark of cells, plays a critical role in homeostasis. And stem cells not only regulate the process where embryonic stem cells develop into a complete organism, but also replace ageing or damaged cells by proliferation, differentiation and migration. In characterizing distinct subpopulations of skin epithelial cells, stem cells show large heterogeneity and plasticity for homeostasis, wound healing and tumorigenesis. Epithelial stem cells and committed progenitors replenish each other or by themselves owing to the remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity of epidermal cells under certain circumstance. The development of new assay methods, including single-cell RNA sequence, lineage tracing assay, intravital microscopy systems and photon-ablation assay, highlight the plasticity of epidermal stem cells in response to injure and tumorigenesis. However, the critical mechanisms and key factors that regulate cellular plasticity still need for further exploration. In this review, we discuss the recent insights about the heterogeneity and plasticity of epithelial stem cells in homeostasis, wound healing and skin tumorigenesis. Understanding how stem cells collaborate together to repair injury and initiate tumor will offer new solutions for relevant diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Schematic abstract of cellular heterogeneity and plasticity of skin epithelial cells in wound healing and tumorigenesis
Understanding Integration Experience and Wellbeing of Economic-Asylum Seekers in Italy: the Case of Nigerian Immigrants
Authors: Obi Chinedu , Slosse Wannes , Bartolini Fabio , Dessein Joost , D’Haese Marijke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The literature on migrants’ integration and wellbeing is ample, but the case of economic-asylum seekers in a protracted asylum application system is yet to receive sufficient attention. The economic-asylum seekers are a unique group who migrate with an economic motive but apply for asylum to achieve economic integration in the host country. We use the aspiration-capability framework and a mixed-method approach: participant observation, focus group discussion, and field survey, to study a group of economic-asylum seekers from Nigeria when they were waiting for their asylum decisions in Italy. We find that they evaluate their wellbeing by reflecting on their premigration aspirations, integration constraints, and capabilities. They report lower life satisfaction compared to their satisfaction in Nigeria, and were affected by several barriers including structural, psychological, economic, and social constraints. Our study generally describes what it is like to live in limbo and frustration, with a limited assurance for a better tomorrow. It gives voice to the economic-asylum seekers and contributes to the integration literature by examining their perceptions of integration constraints.
Exogenous Shocks and Business Process Management
Authors: Röglinger Maximilian , Plattfaut Ralf , Borghoff Vincent , Kerpedzhiev Georgi , Becker Jörg , Beverungen Daniel , vom Brocke Jan , Van Looy Amy , del-Río-Ortega Adela , Rinderle-Ma Stefanie , Rosemann Michael , Santoro Flavia Maria , Trkman Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBusiness process management (BPM) drives corporate success through effective and efficient processes. In recent decades, knowledge has been accumulated regarding the identification, discovery, analysis, design, implementation, and monitoring of business processes. This includes methods and tools for tackling various kinds of process change such as continuous process improvement, process reengineering, process innovation, and process drift. However, exogenous shocks, which lead to unintentional and radical process change, have been neglected in BPM research although they severely affect an organization’s context, strategy, and business processes. This research note conceptualizes the interplay of exogenous shocks and BPM in terms of the effects that such shocks can have on organizations’ overall process performance over time. On this foundation, related challenges and opportunities for BPM via several rounds of idea generation and consolidation within a diverse team of BPM scholars are identified. The paper discusses findings in light of extant literature from BPM and related disciplines, as well as present avenues for future (BPM) research to invigorate the academic discourse on the topic.
The effective application of international human rights law standards to the sporting domain: Should UN monitoring bodies take central stage?
Authors: González Carmen Pérez 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work aims to reflect on the role that UN human rights monitoring bodies—both charter and treaty based—could play in tackling human rights violations of athletes rights occurred in the sporting domain. While recognizing the autonomy of sports associations in the application of their own lex sportiva, the author maintains that the perspective and concrete recommendations provided by UN human rights mechanisms could help (i) raise human rights standards applied by sporting associations and (ii) more effectively combat discriminatory and other harmful or unfair practices in sport. Thus, the purpose of the analysis is twofold. First, the work will examine the reasons behind the absence of a significant UN human rights mechanisms/bodies practice so far. Secondly, it will support that autonomy of sport should not imply that athletes could be prevented from having access to these mechanisms seeking concrete recommendations regarding changes in situations of discrimination or application of such harmful or unfair practices. While identifying certain obstacles to individual access, the work advocates for a more decisive action of these mechanisms in this regard. In particular, through Committees’ General Recommendations and Concluding Observations, on the one hand, and special procedures of the Human Rights Council’s pronouncements, on the other.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of large particle–wall collision with different metal plates
Authors: Chen Xueyu , Ji Langyu , Li Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coefficients of restitution are important parameters in the study of particle–wall collision, which is widely used in discrete element modeling in solid–liquid multiphase systems. To improve the accuracy of numerical simulations, correspondingly exact particle–wall collision parameters are needed. The current models used in numerical simulation, however, are mostly suitable for solid–gas systems, in which collision models used to be micro-sized. Millimeter-size particle–wall collision models in wet experimental conditions and research on the influence of plate materials were lacking. In this study, we designed an experimental system focused on the different materials of the particles and collision plates and the dry or wet experimental environment to discuss the change of restitution coefficients in various conditions. We selected millimeter-sized iron 45 particles and glass particles, which represented plastic material and hard brittle material, respectively. We also selected three industrial metals, HT250 gray cast iron, 6061 aluminum alloy, and 316 stainless steel, which are commonly used in hydraulic machinery, for the collision plates. Experiments were performed to measure the incident and rebound velocities of the particle at various impact angles. In this paper, we have provided and compared the results of restitution coefficients of velocity and angle varying with the approach angle. In the processing of the experiment, we used the control variate method and applied an ultra-depth of field three-dimensional microscope to scan the surface of the collision plate. In the analysis of the experimental results, single particle–wall collision was seen as a non-smooth dynamical system to discuss the specific phenomenon. Finally, we obtained the relationship between the restitution of normal velocity and elastic elements of materials and explained the relationship of stick–slip motion with the approach angle and velocity.
Figurenepistemologie und Wissensgeltung in Erich Kästners »Fabian. Die Geschichte eines Moralisten«
Authors: Thesing Björn 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach der literarischen Modernität Erich Kästners wird mitunter kontrovers diskutiert. Weniger kontrovers sind die (Selbst‑)Attribuierung des Autors als »Moralist« und »Rationalist« sowie sein Bekenntnis zur Tradition der Aufklärung. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die tragenden Prinzipien epistemischen Einrichtung des Personals in Kästners Roman Fabian. Die Frage nach den Prinzipien der Wissensgeltung auf Figurenebene führt dabei in die philosophisch traditionsreiche Spannung von Rationalität und Emotionalität. In der literarischen Ausgestaltung dieser Prinzipien entwirft Kästner, so die These, ein sowohl erkenntnistheoretisch wie narratologisch innovatives Gemälde, das seinem Roman zurecht das umstrittene Attribut ›modern‹ verleiht.
Detecting delirium in nursing home residents using the Informant Assessment of Geriatric Delirium (I-AGeD): a validation pilot study
Authors: Urfer Dettwiler Pia , Zúñiga Franziska , Bachnick Stefanie , Gehri Beatrice , de Jonghe Jos F. M. , Hasemann Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Early delirium detection in nursing home residents is vital to prevent adverse outcomes. Despite the potential of structured delirium screening tools to enhance delirium detection, they are rarely used in nursing homes. To promote delirium screening tools in nursing homes, they should be easy to integrate into the daily routine of care workers. The I-AGeD, was developed as a simple and easily understandable tool to detect delirium in older adults. The aims of this study were to record the prevalence of delirium, to investigate the feasibility of the I-AGeD, and to compare these results with the DSM-5 as the reference standard.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional prospective single-center pilot study. Seven registered nurses assessed the participants with the I-AGeD. The research assistant conducted delirium assessments based on the DSM-5 criteria, to identify delirium symptoms for the same participants. The feasibility test was verified using a five-point Likert scale ranging from very easy to very difficult.

Results
85 nursing home residents participated in the study. A delirium prevalence of 5.9% was found. The sensitivity was 60% and specificity 94% at a cut point of ≥ 4 to indicate delirium. The feasibility test showed that the 10 items of the I-AGeD were easy or very easy to answer.

Conclusion
The I-AGeD showed an acceptable performance to assess delirium in nursing home residents. Additionally, it was found feasible and due to its brevity the I-AGeD could easily be integrated into the routine of daily care in nursing homes.
Trends in Hospital Admissions Associated with an Acute Kidney Injury in England 1998–2020: a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bien Zuzanna , Fowler Alexander J. , Robbins Alexander J. , Pearse Rupert M. , Prowle John R. , Wan Yize I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA rapid rise in diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been observed in the UK and worldwide. It is unclear whether this reflects true growth in incidence or improved detection. To investigate this, aggregate data from Hospital Episode Statistics database on all admissions to National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England 1998/1999 to 2019/2020 were used to extract the number of AKI diagnoses in different age groups and compare them to diseases of similar incidence (pneumonia, heart failure, dementia) based on ICD-10 coding. Haemofiltration procedures were used as proxy for acute kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in a critical care setting. Temporal trends in usage of AKI-specific ICD-10 codes were examined. A total of 356 million inpatient episodes of care over 22 years were analysed. Between 1998/1999 and 2019/2020, primary AKI diagnoses increased from 1.2 to 5.3 per thousand finished consultant episodes. From 2012/2013, when first recorded, secondary diagnoses doubled from 22.8 to 43.2 per thousand finished consultant episodes. The rate of growth in AKI was significantly greater than that of dementia, but not pneumonia or heart failure. The proportion of acute KRT procedures to total AKI diagnoses decreased. This could suggest that the substantial increase in AKI cases observed within NHS in the last two decades is a result of improved detection and coding, particularly of mild cases. In 2019/2020, 96% of AKI cases were encoded as N17.9 (Acute renal failure, unspecified), despite 11 other codes being available. We believe that adoption of clinically orientated coding could facilitate further improvements in detection with benefits for clinical practice and research.
AI-Based Modeling: Techniques, Applications and Research Issues Towards Automation, Intelligent and Smart Systems
Authors: Sarker Iqbal H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a leading technology of the current age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0 or 4IR), with the capability of incorporating human behavior and intelligence into machines or systems. Thus, AI-based modeling is the key to build automated, intelligent, and smart systems according to today’s needs. To solve real-world issues, various types of AI such as analytical, functional, interactive, textual, and visual AI can be applied to enhance the intelligence and capabilities of an application. However, developing an effective AI model is achallenging taskdue to the dynamic nature and variation in real-world problems and data. In this paper, we present a comprehensive view on“AI-based Modeling”with the principles and capabilities of potentialAI techniquesthat can play an important role in developing intelligent and smart systems in variousreal-world applicationareas including business, finance, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, cybersecurity and many more. We also emphasize and highlight theresearch issueswithin the scope of our study. Overall, the goal of this paper is to provide a broad overview of AI-based modeling that can be used as areference guideby academics and industry people as well as decision-makers in various real-world scenarios and application domains.
It Is Premature to Use Postmortem Sperm for Reproductive Purposes: a Data-Driven Opinion
Authors: Tarín Juan J. , García-Pérez Miguel A. , Cano Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPostmortem sperm retrieval for reproductive purposes is an assisted reproduction procedure that offers women an opportunity to have a child using sperm retrieved from their deceased partners. The ethical issues of this procedure have been discussed in previous works. However, an assessment of the procedure using a scientific perspective is still lacking. Here, we aim to ascertain, using a biological standpoint, whether postmortem sperm should be rescued for reproductive purposes. Data suggest that it is premature to use postmortem sperm for reproductive purposes. This procedure should not be clinically applied until appropriate and comprehensive analyses have been completed. Such analyses should be focused not only on fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy outcomes, but also on potential postmortem alterations of sperm DNA, RNAs, and proteins. In addition, genetic and epigenetic analyses of sperm, pre-implantation embryos, and newborns, as well as mental and physical health follow-up of the resulting offspring during a whole life cycle, using appropriate non-human mammalian models, are warranted.
The Rise of Electoral Management Bodies: Diffusion and Effects
Authors: Langford Malcolm , Schiel Rebecca , Wilson Bruce M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectoral Management Bodies (EMBs) are commonly established to increase electoral legitimacy by designing, implementing and/or enforcing rules surrounding nominations, polling, voting, and tabulation. Globally however, EMB design, governance, and efficacy vary considerably. Utilizing four EMB data sources, this article asks (1) to what extent do EMBs form a new pillar of constitutional governance; and (2) how effective are they in managing and increasing the legitimacy of elections? We begin by detailing the global diffusion of EMBs, temporally and geographically, together with trends in governance methods, constitutionalization, and degrees of autonomy and capacity. We then turn to examine the extent to which existing EMBs are effective, empirically testing a global sample of states on two measures associated with electoral legitimacy. Four results of our analyses stand out. First, independent EMBs are most abundant in democratizing regions, including Latin America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Second, while EMBs are increasing in number, only a slight majority of states enshrine these institutions in their constitutions. Third, while independent EMBs are the most common systems, autonomous bodies are largely found in democracies. Finally, EMBs characterized by greater degrees of autonomy and capacity are associated with lower levels of both electoral violence and concerns regarding electoral legitimacy.