bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of extending HPV-based cervical screening intervals from 3 to 5 years: an interview study with women in England
Authors: Nemec Martin , Waller Jo , Barnes Jessica , Marlow Laura A V 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe introduction of primary Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing in the National Health Service (NHS) Cervical Screening Programme in England means the screening interval for 25–49 years can be extended from 3 to 5 years. We explored women’s responses to the proposed interval extension.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured phone/video interviews with 22 women aged 25–49 years. Participants were selected to vary in age, socioeconomics and screening history. We explored attitudes to the current 3-year interval, then acceptability of a 5-year interval. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsAttitudes to the current 3-year interval varied; some wanted more frequent screening, believing cancer develops quickly. Some participants worried about the proposed change; others trusted it was evidence based. Frequent questions concerned the rationale and safety of longer intervals, speed of cancer development, the possibility of HPV being missed or cell changes occurring between screens. Many participants felt reassured when the interval change was explained alongside the move to HPV primary screening, of which most had previously been unaware.ConclusionsCommunication of the interval change should be done in the context of broader information about HPV primary screening, emphasising that people who test negative for HPV are at lower risk of cell changes so can safely be screened every 5 years. The long time needed for HPV to develop into cervical cancer provides reassurance about safety, but it is important to be transparent that no screening test is perfect.
Healthcare accessibility in preconflict Syria: a comparative spatial analysis
Authors: Audi Mhd Nour , Mwenda Kevin M , Wei Guixing , Lurie Mark N 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThere is scarce information about the allocation of health resources in Syria. Pre-existing inequalities were further intensified after the 2011 conflict which displaced over 50% of the population. This study provides an analysis of health inequalities in Syria focusing on spatial access to public hospitals and employs data from 2010, just prior to the outbreak of conflict. Establishing a preconflict snapshot of the health system could serve as a helpful baseline assessment for future studies to measure the impact of the conflict on the health system. Such information could also offer systematic data to guide postconflict reconstruction efforts.MethodsWe compared two methods to quantify the inpatient bed access: provider to population ratio (PPR) and two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. We compared PPR calculated at the governorate level with population weighted 2SFCA score calculated at a resolution of 2 km by 2 km. We then aggregated at the governorate level, tested multiple catchment sizes and calculated Gini coefficient for each governorate.ResultsWe found high inequality in access to public hospitals across and within governorates, especially in the north and eastern regions, where all governorates ranked in the lowest two quintiles using both PPR and 2SFCA. Relatively small governorates in the west and the south had higher spatial access and less inequality. Testing variability in catchment size showed that even at 125 km catchment, 65% of the country had accessibility below national average.ConclusionMethodologically, the use of 2SFCA provided more nuanced insights about hospital bed allocation than PPR. 2SFCA was able to account for the cross-boundary effect and road network quality. Realistic representation of health accessibility is possible in data-scarce settings such as Syria and could be adapted to assess health access inequalities in conflict and postconflict settings.
Non-pharmacological interventions in primary care to improve the quality of life of older patients with palliative care needs: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Seiça Cardoso Carlos , Monteiro-Soares Matilde , Rita Matos Joana , Prazeres Filipe , Martins Carlos , Gomes Barbara 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionIn the last decades, the number of older people living with chronic diseases has rapidly increased. The prevalence of palliative care needs in this population can reach 17%, making the general practitioner a cornerstone in the identification and first medical intervention delivery. Therefore, knowing the primary care interventions that effectively improve the quality of life of these patients can play an important role in the delivery of healthcare.Methods and analysisWe will systematically review randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of non-pharmacologic primary care interventions on the quality of life of older patients (≥65 years) with palliative care needs. PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane and CINAHL will be searched until December 2021. Screening, data extraction and quality evaluation (using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool) will be done by independently by two reviewers, with disagreements solved by a third reviewer. We will conduct meta-analysis if appropriate. In case of high heterogeneity, findings will be analysed by subgroup according to intervention type, main disease/symptoms and care context. Evidence will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. We will perform a sensitivity analysis based on study quality. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and the press.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020154216.
Impact of previous disease-modifying treatment on safety and efficacy in patients with MS treated with AHSCT
Authors: Kvistad Silje Agnethe Stokke , Burman Joachim , Lehmann Anne Kristine , Tolf Andreas , Zjukovskaja Christina , Melve Guro Kristin , Bø Lars , Torkildsen Øivind 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAutologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a highly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The impact of previous long-lasting disease-modifying treatments (DMT) for safety and efficacy of AHSCT is unknown.ObjectiveTo explore whether previous DMTs with long-lasting effects on the immune system (anti-CD20 therapy, alemtuzumab and cladribine) affect treatment-related complications, long-term outcome and risk of new MS disease activity in patients treated with AHSCT.MethodsRetrospective observational study of 104 relapsing remitting patients with MS treated by AHSCT in Sweden and Norway from 2011 to 2021, grouped according to the last DMT used ≤6 months prior to AHSCT. The primary outcomes were early AHSCT-related complications (mortality, neutropenic fever and hospitalisation length), long-term complications (secondary autoimmunity) and proportion of patients with No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA-3 status): no new relapses, no MRI activity and no disease progression during the follow-up.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 39.5 months (range 1–95). Neutropenic fever was a common AHSCT-related complication affecting 69 (66%) patients. There was no treatment-related mortality. During the follow-up period, 20 patients (19%) were diagnosed with autoimmunity. Occurrence of neutropenic fever, hospitalisation length or secondary autoimmunity did not vary dependent on the last DMT used prior to AHSCT. A total of 84 patients (81%) achieved NEDA-3 status, including all patients (100%) using rituximab, alemtuzumab or cladribine before AHSCT.ConclusionThis study provides level 4 evidence that AHSCT in patients previously treated with alemtuzumab, cladribine or rituximab is safe and efficacious.
Patient-reported outcome measures after thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke: fine-tuning the modified Rankin Scale
Authors: Cano David , Montiel Estefanía , Baladas Maria , Sanchez-Gavilan Esther , Paredes Carolina , Rubiera Marta , Requena Manuel , Muchada Marian , Olive Gadea Marta , Garcia-Tornel Alvaro , Molina Carlos A , Ribo Marc 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIn patients with stroke undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT), long-term outcome is usually only evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) are standardized assessments that consider clinical outcomes from the perspective of the patient. We aimed to evaluate PROMs through a smartphone-based communication platform in patients with stroke who received EVT.MethodsConsecutive patients with stroke who underwent EVT were offered to participate in the PROMs-through-App program (NORA). A set of standardized PROMs were collected at 7, 30 and 90 days after discharge. Disability was determined by clinicians (mRS) at 90 days. To characterize the potential ceiling effect of mRS in the assessment of different domains, the rate of abnormal PROMs among patients with excellent outcome (mRS 0–1) was calculated.ResultsFrom June 2020 to October 2021, 186 patients were included. The median PROMs collection rate per patient was 80% (50–100%). A correlation was consistently seen between disability measured by mRS and the different PROMs. The rate of abnormal PROMs ranged from 20.83% (HADS at 7 days) to 59.61% (Mental PROMIS at 7 days). At 90 days, among patients with an excellent outcome, the rate of abnormal PROMs ranged from 8.7% (HADS) to 47.83% (Physical PROMIS).ConclusionsA specifically designed digital platform allows a high collection rate of PROMs among stroke patients who underwent EVT. The mRS score shows a ceiling effect and seems insufficient to fine-tune long-term clinical results. The use of PROMs may allow a better characterization of long-term outcome profiles after EVT.
Changes in systolic blood pressure, postprandial glucose, and gut microbial composition following mango consumption in individuals with overweight and obesity
Authors: Keathley Justine , Kearney Michèle , Garneau Véronique , Toro-Martín Juan de , Varin Thibault V. , Pilon Geneviève , Couture Patrick , Marette André , Vohl Marie-Claude , Couillard Charles 
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to explore the impact of daily mango consumption (Mangifera indica) on cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota in individuals with overweight and obesity. Changes in cardiometabolic variables, gut microbiota diversity and composition, physical activity habits, and dietary intakes were assessed in 8 males and 19 females with overweight and obesity who consumed 280 g/day of mango pulp for 8 weeks. There were no significant changes in body weight, waist circumference, or plasma lipid levels. However, after consuming mangos for 8 weeks, participants showed a 3.5% reduction in systolic blood pressure (–4 ± 6 mm Hg, p = 0.011) as well as a 10.5% reduction in 2-hour plasma glucose concentration after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (–0.58 ± 1.03 mmol/L, p = 0.008). These beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes were accompanied with enhanced gut microbiota diversity and with changes in the abundance of specific gut bacterial species. Mango consumption may have beneficial effects on both blood pressure and glucose homeostasis in individuals with overweight and obesity. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact of long-term and regular mango intake on cardiometabolic risk factors of individuals with overweight and obesity, and the potential mechanisms linking gut microbial changes to those health benefits. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03825276. Novelty: A 3.5% reduction in systolic blood pressure is noted after consuming mangos for 8 weeks. A 10.5% reduction in 2-hour plasma glucose concentration of an oral glucose tolerance test is observed after consuming mangos for 8 weeks. Mango consumption for 8 weeks may enhance gut microbial diversity and abundance of specific bacterial species.
The genesis of the CPT theorem
Authors: Blum Alexander S. , Martínez de Velasco Andrés 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe reconstruct the genesis of the CPT theorem in quantum field theory from the first proofs of the spin-statistics theorem in 1939/1940 to the discovery of parity violation in 1957. Centrally, we highlight that the original motivation for pursuing the CPT theorem lay primarily in the attempt to identify the correct formulation of time reversal in relativistic quantum field theories.
Fluid flow over a vertical stretching surface within a porous medium filled by a nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Elbashbeshy Elsayed M. A. , Asker Hamada Galal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the boundary layer flow of a nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a vertical stretching surface embedded in a porous medium. The fluid contains gyrotactic microorganisms. Nonlinear velocity stretches the surface, and the surface is isothermal. The governing boundary layer equations for steady, laminar, and two-dimensional are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity transformation. The fourth/fifth-order Runge–Kutta method solved the system of equations after linearization. The shooting method guesses the missing boundary conditions. Pertinent results are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively with respect to variation in the controlling parameters such as bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), Lewis number (Le), Peclet Lewis number (Pe), buoyancy ratio parameter (Nr), bioconvection Rayleigh number(Rb), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Richardson number (Ri), motile parameter ($$\sigma$$
σ
), porosity parameter ($$\user2{ }\lambda$$

λ

), and Prandtl number (Pr) on dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and microorganisms conservation. It is observed that increasing the porosity parameter retards the thermal boundary layer thickness which from application point of view, it is obvious that the surface cooling effect is enhanced and thus nanofluids are appropriate as heat transfer fluids. The comparison with the previous validates the applied numerical scheme.
The Association of Prediagnostic Statin Use with Aggressive Prostate Cancer from the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Fei , Wan Peggy , R. Wilkens Lynne , Le Marchand Loïc , A. Haiman Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
There is a growing body of evidence supporting the protective effect of statins on the risk of prostate cancer, in particular aggressive disease. Past research has mostly been conducted in North American cohorts of White men.

Methods:
In the multiethnic cohort (MEC), we investigated the association of prediagnostic statin use with the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer across five racial/ethnic groups (White, African American, Japanese American, Latino, and Native Hawaiian).

Results:
Among 31,062 male participants who completed a detailed medication questionnaire, 31.4% reported use of statins, 2,748 developed prostate cancer, and 261 died from the disease. After adjusting for potential confounders, prediagnostic statin use was associated with a 32% lower risk of fatal prostate cancer [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–0.91], with the inverse association suggested consistently across the five racial/ethnic groups. Moreover, an 11% lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer (95% CI = 0.76–1.03) was observed in statin users than in nonusers. We found no statistically significant association between prediagnostic statin use and total prostate cancer or nonaggressive disease. Prediagnostic statin use was suggestively associated with a 19% reduction in prostate cancer–specific mortality (95% CI = 0.59–1.10) and an 8% reduction in all-cause mortality (95% CI = 0.79–1.07).

Conclusions:
In the MEC, prediagnostic use of statin was associated with lower risks of aggressive forms of prostate cancer.

Impact:
Our findings provide further support for the potential benefits of statins in reducing the risk and mortality of prostate cancer, especially aggressive disease.
Predictors of Incident Serrated Polyps: Results from a Large Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Crockett Seth D. , Barry Elizabeth L. , Mott Leila A. , Snover Dale C. , Wallace Kristin , Baron John A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Serrated polyps (SP) are important colorectal cancer precursors, yet their epidemiology is incompletely understood. We measured risk factors for incident sessile-serrated lesions (SSL) and microvesicular (MVHP) and goblet-cell rich (GCHP) hyperplastic polyp subtypes.

Methods:
We conducted a cohort study of patients undergoing colonoscopic surveillance nested within a chemoprevention trial. Outcomes of interest were ≥1 SPs, including SSLs, MVHPs, and GCHPs specifically. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different polyp types.

Results:
Among 2,102 participants, a total of 1,615 SPs (including 212 SSLs) were found among 758 participants during follow-up. Prior history of SPs was strongly associated with subsequent occurrence of SPs. There was no apparent association between age, sex, or education and risk of SPs. Black participants were at lower risk of SSLs and MVHPs, but higher risk of GCHPs compared with white participants [RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16–0.99); RR, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42–0.96); and RR, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.23–2.72) respectively]. Alcohol and smoking exposure were also associated with SPs, including hyperplastic polyp subtypes in particular.

Conclusions:
In this prospective study, the risk of SP subtypes differed by race, alcohol, and smoking status, and prior history of SPs. Risk factor associations for SPs differ from risk factors for conventional adenomas, supporting the concept of etiologic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer.

Impact:
These findings allow for better risk stratification of patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening and could inform screening test selection.
Immunologic Features in De Novo and Recurrent Glioblastoma Are Associated with Survival Outcomes
Authors: Alanio Cécile , Binder Zev A. , Chang Renee B. , Nasrallah MacLean P. , Delman Devora , Li Joey H. , Tang Oliver Y. , Zhang Logan Y. , Zhang Jiasi Vicky , Wherry E. John , O'Rourke Donald M. , Beatty Gregory L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically “cold” tumor characterized by poor responsiveness to immunotherapy. Standard of care for GBM is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. However, tumor recurrence is the norm, and recurring tumors are found frequently to have acquired molecular changes (e.g., mutations) that may influence their immunobiology. Here, we compared the immune contexture of de novo GBM and recurrent GBM (rGBM) using high-dimensional cytometry and multiplex IHC. Although myeloid and T cells were similarly abundant in de novo and rGBM, their spatial organization within tumors differed and was linked to outcomes. In rGBM, T cells were enriched and activated in perivascular regions and clustered with activated macrophages and fewer regulatory T cells. Moreover, a higher expression of phosphorylated STAT1 by T cells in these regions at recurrence was associated with a favorable prognosis. Together, our data identify differences in the immunobiology of de novo GBM and rGBM and identify perivascular T cells as potential therapeutic targets.
See related Spotlight by Bayik et al., p. 787
ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНА ФОРМА ХВОРОБИ ВІД КОТЯЧИХ ПОДРЯПИН НА ФОНІ ІМУНОДЕФІЦИТУ З УРАЖЕННЯМ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Малий В. П. , Асоян І.М. 
Published: May 2022

Наведено опис клінічного випадку генералізованої форми хвороби від котячих подряпин (ХКП) на фоні імунодефіциту.
У пацієнта спостерігався типовий перебіг ХКП, який спочатку проявлявся симптомами загальної інтоксикації, гарячки, реґіонарним лімфаденітом зі збільшенням пахвового лімфатичного вузла на стороні подряпини та лімфаденітами внутрішніх органів.
Разом з тим, у хворого на тлі тяжкого преморбідного фону та імуносупресії виникла генералізація інфекції – системний варіант ХКП, що проявлявся у вигляді ураження легень (плеврит), печінки (гранульоматозний гепатит), селезінки (абсцеси з подальшим їх розсмоктуванням та фіброзуванням), а також різними гематологічними проявами: анемія, тромбоцитопенія.
Такий системний характер перебігу ХКП був помилково трактований спеціалістами як ймовірний криптогенний сепсис.
Reliability of Instant Messaging-Based Evaluation of Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke
Authors: Kalra Love-Preet , Khatter Himani , Kulkarni Anirudh , Sahonta Rajeshwar , Rathore Shubhra , Hattingen Elke , You Se-Jong , Wagner Marlies , Weidauer Stefan , Keil Fee , Pandian Jeyaraj Durai , Foerch Christian 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The use of instant messenger applications among physicians has become common in acute stroke management, especially in developing countries. Photos or video sequences of brain computed tomography (CT) scans are being sent to receive real-time support in assessing radiological findings. We analyzed whether instant messaging-based evaluation is precise enough to extract relevant information from the images.

Methods:
In this prospective study, anonymized videos and photos of CT and CT angiography scans of patients with symptoms of acute stroke were recorded from the diagnostic monitor using a smartphone. Two neurologists and 2 neuroradiologists performed evaluation of the images using WhatsApp. The gold standard was set by 2 experienced neuroradiologists who evaluated the CT images with their full radiological equipment. Statistical analysis included the calculation of Cohen kappa (κ).

Results:
A total of 104 brain images (derived from 81 patients) were included. All 4 raters performed with a perfect (κ=1) interobserver reliability in diagnosing intracerebral hemorrhage. For subarachnoid hemorrhage, interobserver reliability was slightly lower (raters 1, 2, and 3, κ=1; rater 4, κ=0.88). For diagnosing stroke mimics, interobserver reliability showed considerable variations (κ between 0.32 and 1). Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score differences overall were comparable between raters and did not exceed 3 to 4 points without noticeable outliers. All raters performed with a moderate-to-substantial interobserver reliability for detecting large vessel occlusions (κ=0.48 in rater 1, κ=0.62 in rater 2, and κ=0.63 in raters 3 and 4).

Conclusions:
Stroke neurologists can reliably extract information on intracerebral hemorrhage from CT images recorded via smartphone and sent through instant messaging tools. Remote diagnosis of early infarct signs and stroke mimics was less reliable. We developed a standard for the acquisition of images, taking data protection into account.