bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Authorship
Authors: Kirkland N. Bryant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies Herodotus’s reception in the literary essays of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Dionysius defends Herodotus’s narratorial behavior, including his choice of topic, his attitude toward his characters and readers, and his “ethics of representation.” The chapter demonstrates how Dionysius attributes “writerly lives” to his predecessors, in which authorship does not simply mirror one’s nature but rather depends on an active choice (prohairesis) for fair-minded representation. It suggests ways in which Dionysius’s positive acclamation of Herodotus involves his own kinetic imitation, and consequently the transportability of Herodotus’s voice into Dionysius’s literary criticism. The Herodotean ethos emerges as self-reflexive for Dionysius in his own critical role. The adoption of a Herodotean ethical persona through “submerged imitation” grounds Dionysius’s own self-portrait as a critic.
Removable Eyes
Authors: Kirkland N. Bryant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that beneath Lucian’s ostensibly ludic reception of Herodotus lie serious queries into the opacities of reading nominally “straight” works such as the Histories. The chapter first analyzes the prolalia entitled Herodotus and Aëtion to demonstrate how Lucian frames Herodotean reception in meta-literary terms. The chapter then turns to the True Histories to show how Lucian navigates the elasticity of Herodotean narrative roles, pointing up the ambiguity of Herodotus as both extradiegetic narrator and intradiegetic “participant” in his work. Lucian’s mimetic techniques do not so much transmogrify Herodotean narrative into fantasy as they draw out certain latent, already “fantastical” features of Herodotean writing, including the fantasy of a stable viewing self in relation to the subjective encounter with others.
Anacharsis at Border Control
Authors: Kirkland N. Bryant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Lucian’s use of Anacharsis in both the Scythian and the dialogue Anacharsis. Close readings of these works, alongside examination of Herodotus’s own representation of Anacharsis and the Scythians, reveal how Lucian revives certain strands of Herodotean thought on cultural mobility and change. The debate between Anacharsis and Solon in Lucian’s Anacharsis plays out, the chapter argues, against the backdrop of Herodotus’s own narrative of the exchange between Solon and Croesus, with Lucian’s Anacharsis recast in the mode of Solon. The chapter demonstrates how some of Lucian’s apparent inversions tap into aspects of instability and relativism already present in Herodotus.
Pausanias in Wonderland
Authors: Kirkland N. Bryant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses Pausanias’s Herodoteanism in his articulation of space and narrative authority, or what it calls psychogeography (borrowing from urban ethnographers): the interrelations of space, historical presence, and semiotic potential. It shows how Pausanias replays but also reworks aspects of Herodotean movement and how Pausanias’s psychogeography involves “textual space,” the overlapping sense of his work’s contiguousness with past texts. It demonstrates the intertextual activation of Herodotus in the opening of the Periegesis but also suggests modes of Pausanias’s self-differentiation. The chapter concludes by examining how Pausanias appropriates Herodotus’s rhetoric of wonder, as Pausanias redirects readers from awe at foreign material toward an encounter with the marvelous nature of Greece.
India’s Democratic Longevity and Its Troubled Trajectory
Authors: Varshney Ashutosh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 looks at India as one example of democratic longevity despite the presence of theoretically counter-intuitive conditions. Although India seems almost entirely bereft of the things that scholars believe to be conducive to democracy, it has been a democracy for seventy-one of the last seventy-three years. India has always fallen short of the liberal ideal and currently faces a populist challenge not unlike those faced by some other established democracies, but it is nonetheless perhaps democracy’s most remarkable success story. The explanation for how India has eluded the democratic collapse predicted for it by most theories emphasizes the importance of the beliefs and values of that country’s modern founders, and, in particular, its first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. But although the birth of Indian democracy is attributed to the values of the country’s founders, democratic persistence stems from the fact that India’s political elites have come to see democracy as being in their own interests.
Different Works, Different Versions, Neither or Both?
Authors: Schab Alon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChapter 3 focuses on the issue of multiple versions. While specialist musicologist-editors give full critical consideration to the issue of multiple versions and its implications, there are some challenges that fall squarely in the performer’s domain. The chapter surveys some of the basic scenarios—works that survive in more than one manuscript, manuscripts that give markedly different versions of the same work, manuscripts that are difficult to relate to a specific version, catalogue entries, and critical editions that camouflage the multiplicity of versions. The chapter ends with a case study, showing how a concert program is shaped by the study of multiple versions.
China's Next Act
Authors: Moore Scott M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
If the COVID-19 pandemic taught us anything, it is that the world is bound together by shared challenges—and that at the center of those challenges stands China. Thanks to decades of breakneck growth and development, Chinese officials, businesses, and institutions now play a critical role in every major global issue, from climate change to biotechnology. This book re-envisions China’s role in the world in terms of sustainability and technology. This reframing is essential both because none of these increasingly pressing, shared global challenges can be tackled without China, and because they are reshaping China’s economy and its foreign policy, with major implications for the world at large. At the same time, sustainability and technology issues present opportunities for intensified economic, geopolitical, and ideological competition—a reality that Beijing recognizes. The danger is that China’s next act will drive divergence on the rules and standards the world desperately needs to tackle shared challenges in the decades ahead. In some areas, like clean technology development, competition can be good for the planet. But in others, it could be catastrophic: only cooperation can lower the risks of artificial intelligence and other disruptive new technologies. The challenges posed by climate change, pandemics, and emerging technologies make dealing with China’s state, its firms, and other institutions more complex and more critical than ever before. China’s Next Act helps foreign countries, companies, and other organizations prepare for a future shaped by sustainability, technology—and a dramatic new chapter for China and the world.
Introduction
Authors: Moore Scott M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, China once again became the world’s single most important country in a vast range of fields. Yet even as it became one of the world’s largest economies, most powerful militaries, and foremost geopolitical actors, China also wrestled with profound ecological and technological challenges. Pandemics, climate change, and data privacy threatened to disrupt Beijing’s carefully laid economic and political plans, and prompted major shifts in its economic, social, and foreign policies. What is more, the speed and scale of China’s development meant that these ecological and technological challenges increasingly resembled those of richer countries like the United States. Instead of convergence, though, common ecological and technological challenges underscored differences between China and other major countries, especially a lack of shared values. The world faces a shared but contested future, with China at the center.
Case 1
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Community involvement in gun violence prevention and treatment is one strategy that many of us wholeheartedly embrace. How we achieve this goal opens the field to a wide range of options, which is exciting but frustrating because there is no one universal model. There certainly is room for innovation in the gun injury field. Coverage of Stop the Bleed (STB) in the previous chapter makes selecting a case illustration on this topic a natural next step. STB brings a concrete example of a community-centered gun violence approach, empowering residents to assume health provider roles. Chicago is a site for viewing this campaign because of its prominence with gun violence and its efforts to stem this tide. The organization selected for attention in this chapter is youth-led, bringing this dimension to life. Youth activism after the Parkland, Florida, shooting received national attention. However, we can find youth-led activist organizations throughout the country, as evidenced in Chicago.
Research
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A nation that ignores gun injuries is, in reality, a misinformed country on gun violence, and this makes it arduous to find viable solutions. Grasping gun violence’s reach requires research capturing its visible and invisible consequences, and there is never a singular victim, but rather victims. There is no magical solution for gun violence; it necessitates quantitative and qualitative research that is highly participatory and community capacity enhancing, too. Gun research must not limit itself to informing practice but transforming it. Being able to accurately assess violence measures is critical in evaluating the effectiveness of policies and interventions. This takes on added significance at the local level. Effective policies on gun injuries are not possible without corresponding data to guide them. Reliable gun injury data must be obtained at all three governmental levels: local (neighborhood and block), state (including county), and national. More specifically, to understand urban violence, we need to focus our attention on city blocks within neighborhoods. Business as usual, however, is ill advised if we are to paint a complex picture of this phenomenon rather than a simplistic rendition. Bringing together researchers and practitioners in urban community partnerships is a noteworthy goal, as outlined in this chapter.
Fort Clatsop
Authors: Aron Stephen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter journeys across the continent with Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to fix on Fort Clatsop at the edge of the Pacific Ocean and examine how peace between Indians and explorers was maintained. Especially during the two hundredth anniversary commemorations of the exhibition, the retellings of the Lewis and Clark saga acclaimed the pacific relations between explorers and Indians, especially during the Corps’ sojourn on the West Coast of North America. In reality, as the chapter details, interactions at Fort Clatsop did not live up to these bicentennial “wishtories.” But if not exactly the “peace and friendship” stamped on the medals that Lewis and Clark gifted to Indian leaders, the explorers did manage to avoid violent conflicts and to get what they needed from Indians during their months at Fort Clatsop.
Justice in Islam
Authors: Baker Raymond William 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Justice stands as the crown jewel of the Islamic moral universe. Qur’anic references to justice are more frequent than those to the prophets of Islam. It is justice, rather than jihad or “holy war” of the Western imagination, that defines the centrist Islam of the Qur’an. Justice in midstream Islam is at once “one and many,” to borrow a formulation of Islamic mystics. Justice is one as the core Islamic value, and many in the particular struggles for social justice it inspires. Abu Dharr al Ghifari, the beloved seventh-century companion of the Prophet Muhammad, authored several hundred prophetic traditions and fought for the rights of the poor. Abu Dharr modeled the combination of scholarship and activism that characterizes Islamic intellectuals. Struggles for social justice waged in Egypt, Turkey, Iran, and beyond evoke the Prophet’s companion as exemplar. The excesses of extremist thinking and the blinding glare of the violence it fosters may threaten to overwhelm the faith. Invariably, however, Islamic intellectuals step forward to restore moderation. Centrist Islam today is winning adherents at a pace that outstrips all other faiths. Individual chapters focus on the contributors to this Awakening, including the Egyptian Shaikh Muhammad al Ghazalli, the Turkish scholar Sa’id Nursi, the Lebanese Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Fadlallah, the martyred Iraqi Grand Ayatollah Baqir al Sadra, the Iranian intellectual Ali Shariati, and the American athlete and Muslim convert Muhammad Ali. Their stories explain how an awakened Islam has today become a global phenomenon.
Conflict in Northern Ireland
Authors: Perkoski Evan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the book’s theory qualitatively. It presents a case study of two splinter organizations that operated in Ireland and Northern Ireland during the Troubles (1968–1998): the Irish National Liberation Army and the Real Irish Republican Army. Drawing upon months of field work and visits to archives in Dublin, London, and Belfast, it traces how the preceding internal politics affected the membership, decision-making, organizational structure, and overall trajectory of these two breakaway groups. It also evaluates and systematically rejects a host of completing explanations for their behavior. In effect, this chapter reveals the causal mechanisms underlying the book’s theory that link a splinter’s earliest formation to its eventual behavior.
More Parties or No Parties
Authors: Santucci Jack 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
How should we think about electoral reform? What are the prospects for modern-day efforts to reform away the two-party system? This book offers a “shifting coalitions” theory of electoral-system change, puts the Progressive Era in comparative perspective, and warns against repeating history. It casts reform as an effort to get or keep control of government, usually during periods of party realignment. Reform can be used to insulate some coalition, dislodge the one in power, or deal with noncommittal “centrists.” Whether reform lasts depends less on the number of parties than on whether it helps coalitions hold themselves together. This is where the Progressives got it wrong. Unable to win support for “multi-party politics,” they built a reform movement on the idea of “no parties.” They polarized local politics on the issue of “corruption,” won proportional representation in twenty-four cities, then watched (and sometimes joined) its repeal in all but one case. Along the way, they found they needed parties after all, but the rules they had designed were not up to the task. This movement’s legacy still shapes American politics: nonpartisan elections to undersized city councils. Today’s reformers might do well to make peace with parties, and their critics might do well to make peace with having more.
Cultural Influences on Memory
Authors: Gutchess Angela , Gilliam Ashley N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter will review behavioral and neuroimaging findings on cross-cultural differences in memory, including cultural differences in the prioritization of object versus context information, the use of categories in memory, memory specificity, and self-referencing in memory. A model drawing on the contribution of top-down versus bottom-up processes will be used to account for some of the findings of cross-cultural differences and highlight the need for more consideration of the lower-level processes that contribute to cultural differences in memory. This framework will also consider effects of cognitive aging and predict what types of processes should evoke magnification, maintenance, or minimization of cultural differences across the life span.
Beyond the Black/White Binary
Authors: Cartagena Juan , Chestnut Shelby , Hawk Crystal Echo , Ladd Donna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Founder of the Jackson Free Press and the Mississippi Free Press, which both provide in-depth reporting across historical divides, introduces members of different communities to one another, with emphasis onto educating White people about the Black experience. President of LatinoJustice spotlights the legacy of dominance that has denigrated the Latino community’s unique cultural contributions, blurred knowledge of its richness through faulty data collection, and sometimes generated internal tensions. The executive director of IllumiNative presents startling data about how little Americans know about Indigenous people and their rich culture, which has endured despite displacement and genocide. The challenges facing people of Asian descent—often overlooked amidst stereotypes of a monolithic “model minority”—are examined in this chapter as well. Finally, the director of policy and programs at the Transgender Law Center describes the transgender community’s push to influence or lead the research, philanthropy, and policy that affects them.
Refugee Solutions in the Age of Global Crisis
Authors: Androff David K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Refugee Solutions in the Age of Global Crisis: Human Rights, Integration, and Sustainable Development addresses the question of what to do about the global refugee crisis. One in every 95 people on the planet has been forcibly displaced from their home, and the collective response is woefully inadequate. Through comparative case study, this book provides the first comprehensive policy analysis of all three durable solutions in the context of the global refugee crisis. The durable solutions were designed more than 70 years ago to find permanent homes for refugees . Last year, fewer than two percent of refugees found their way to any of these solutions. Reforming yesterday’s solutions requires understanding how they have been used, how they have failed, and how they can be improved. The durable solutions of voluntary repatriation, local integration, and third country resettlement are rarely if ever considered together. Contemporary comparative case studies of the Somali Voluntary Repatriation Program, the Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement, and the Arizona Refugee Empowerment Project illustrate these refugee solutions. This book is global in scope as the case studies focus on refugee policies and populations from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and North America. This book offers implications for improving refugee solutions to promote human rights through integration and sustainable development. This is vital to counter the rising tide of restrictionist, anti-refugee sentiment and policies.
The Doctor and the Algorithm
Authors: Graham S. Scott 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Doctor and the Algorithm combines insights from science and technology studies, critical algorithm studies, and public interest informatics to better understand how health artificial intelligence (AI) is made, promoted, regulated, and justified. It reviews the enthusiastic promises of health AI marketing communication and medical futurism as well as concerns about the dangerous and inequitable effects of AI that have been raised in critical algorithm studies and bioethics. In so doing, The Doctor and the Algorithm investigates promising new applications for health AI, as well as how these new technologies can replicate human biases under a veneer of objectivity and lead to considerable harms. The book also leverages AI, itself, to investigate the foundations of machine-learning technologies and the use of promotional language in health AI research. Along the way, it explores both how the overly enthusiastic embrace of health AI can lead to unintended consequences for patients and public health and how new initiatives in ethical and just AI can support better futures for algorithmic medicine. The Doctor and the Algorithm closes with recommendations for practices and frameworks that can support these more ethical and just approaches to health AI.
Clarifying Ideology
Authors: Leader Maynard Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter sets out the understanding of ideology that underpins the book. It critiques a common but flawed way of thinking about ideology that I term ‘the true believer model’—in which ideologies represent rigid belief-systems that motivate committed followers to implement their ‘ideal vision of society’. The chapter explains how this image profoundly mischaracterizes classic ideological phenomena like liberalism, Nazism, or communism, and creates a misconceived dichotomy between ideology and pragmatic strategy that is fatal to a proper understanding of political violence. The chapter then sets out an alternative ‘infrastructural’ model of ideology, in which ideologies are broadly conceptualized as the distinctive political worldviews of individuals, groups, and organizations, and are theorized as shaping behaviour through four kinds of ideological influence: commitment, adoption, conformity, and instrumentalization. Together, these forms of influence allow ideologies to act as crucial infrastructures in mass killing, binding diverse individuals into joint campaigns of violence.
The Hardline Justification of Mass Killing
Authors: Leader Maynard Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile an increasing number of scholars agree that ideologies matter in mass killings, there is huge disagreement over which kinds of ideologies or ideological themes are most crucial in encouraging such violence. This chapter engages that debate, critiquing the dominant focus of ‘traditional-ideological perspectives’ on ‘revolutionary’ or ‘utopian’ ideological goals or values that contrast with pragmatic strategic goals and/or invert conventional morality. The chapter instead emphasizes the principal roots of mass killing in radicalized versions of what are nevertheless highly familiar claims about security politics. Specifically, the chapter identifies six principal ‘justificatory mechanisms’ in the hardline narratives that underpin mass killing—threat construction, guilt attribution, deidentification, valorization, futurization, and the destruction of alternatives—and presents a mixture of historical and psychological evidence to show that such mechanisms have real causal power to encourage support for and participation in violence.
Nanoparticles
Authors: Basu Prasanta Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Bratati , Basu Rikmantra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the zero-dimensional electrons in Quantum Dots (QD)s, and obtains expressions for the quantized subbands, density-of-state function, absorption, gain, and emission properties by following the simple particle-in-a box picture. Elementary ideas of growth by self-assembly are given next, mentioning the effect of size distribution in the ideal absorption spectra. The structure of QD lasers, the gain characteristics, and the competition between electron-hole and excitonic recombination are next illustrated. The difference between strong and weak confinement regimes is then pointed out. The elementary theory of excitonic processes is refined by empirical methods. A classification of nanocrystals based on growth by top-down and bottom-up methods is then given, mentioning synthesis of nanoparticles. The core-shell nanostructures are next illustrated. A brief discussion on bright and dark excitons, biexcitons, and trions then follows. Applications like QD lasers, detectors, QD infrared photodetector, solar cells, colour filters, and photochromatic glasses are mentioned.