bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared mental models and task decomposition
Authors: Lim JoAnne Yong-Kwan 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe research on shared mental models (SMMs) focuses on the importance of all team members holding similar mental models to realize team performance. However, for a perceived decomposable task, it is not required for all team members to have similar mental models to achieve team performance. Moreover, unnecessary overlapping mental models among team members may engender information overloading, translating into suboptimal team performance. Absent from the current literature is an understanding of the factors that determine the minimal overlapping mental models required across specific members for team performance. The purpose of this study is to yield an understanding of these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study highlights that the requirement to hold similar mental models across specific team members depends on the task decomposition mechanisms used: task complexity and decomposability, subtask assigned and layer, task modularity, workflow interdependence type and tool attributes.FindingsUnlike much prior research which measured the relationship between SMMs and team performance at the team level, our conceptualization suggests that the measurement of SMMs and team performance needs to be conducted across a team and subsets of the team or individuals depending on task complexity and decomposability. This current research offers an important viewpoint regarding when team members need to hold similar mental models to realize task performance.Originality/valueBy suggesting new insights into when mental models should be similar across specific team members, this research also provides understanding of why some empirical SMMs studies do not yield positive relationships between similar SMMs and team effectiveness while others do.
Smart tourism technologies towards memorable experiences for museum visitors
Authors: Yang Xinran , Zhang Liaoniao 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the perception of smart tourism technologies (STTs) in creating museum tourism experiences and assess visitors’ intentions to test the impact, the extent and role that STTs play in museum service.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigation was conducted through an online and on-site survey; data were collected in four different museums with 365 museum tourists in four countries. SmartPLS (version 3.3.3) was used to access the measurement and structural model based on path modelling and bootstrapping.

Findings
STTs have a positive impact on creating a memorable tourism experience for museum visitors and are beneficial to revisit intention and positive recommendations. The impact is stronger than traditional services such as museum setting and staff service. STTs can be considered an independent new service to museums rather than complementing existing services. STTs negatively affect tourism’s experience at the communication stage.

Originality/value
Previous studies have noted the growing attention to the museum visitor experience, but the combined impact of new elements, such as STTs, remains an unexplored area. This study addressed the research gap through an empirical investigation and offers guidelines to test museum visitors’ acceptance and fitness for the services provided by STTs. In addition, this study presents a new point of view on the roles that STTs take in museum service, which can be useful for further investigations.
An improved parallel regenerative braking system for small battery electric vehicle
Authors: Mondal Sutapa , Nandi Arup Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design an improved parallel regenerative braking system (IPRBS) for electric vehicles (EVs) that increases energy recovery with a constant brake pedal feel (BPF).

Design/methodology/approach
The conventional hydro-mechanical braking system is redesigned by incorporating a reversing linear solenoid (RLS) and allowed to work in parallel with a regenerative brake. A braking algorithm is proposed, and correspondingly, a control system is designed for the IPRBS for its proper functioning, and a mathematical model is formulated considering vehicle drive during braking. The effectiveness of IPRBS is studied by analyzing two aspects of regenerative braking (BPF and regenerative efficiency) and the impact of regenerative braking contribution to range extension and energy consumption reduction under European Union Urban Driving Cycle (ECE).

Findings
IPRBS is found to maintain a constant BPF in terms of deceleration rate vs pedal displacement during the entire braking period irrespective of speed change and deceleration rate. The regenerative ratio of IPRBS is found to be high compared with conventional parallel regenerative braking, but it is quite the same at high deceleration.

Originality/value
A constant BPF is achieved by introducing an RLS between the input pushrod and booster input rod with appropriate controller design. Comparative analysis of energy regenerated under different regenerative conditions establishes the originality of IPRBS. An average contribution ratio to energy consumption reduction and driving range extension of IPRBS in ECE are obtained as 18.38 and 22.76, respectively.
Ecologically relevant radiation exposure triggers elevated metabolic rate and nectar consumption in bumblebees
Authors: Burrows Jessica E. , Copplestone David , Raines Katherine E. , Beresford Nicholas A. , Tinsley Matthew C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Exposure to radiation is a natural part of our environment. Yet, due to nuclear accidents such as at Chernobyl, some organisms are exposed to significantly elevated dose rates. Our understanding of the effects of radiation in the environment is limited, confounded by substantial interspecific differences in radio‐sensitivity and conflicting findings.

Here we study radiation impacts on bumblebees in the laboratory using principles from life‐history theory, which assume organismal investment in fitness‐related traits is constrained by resource availability and resource allocation decisions. To investigate how chronic radiation might negatively affect life‐history traits, we tested whether exposure affects bumblebee energy budgets by studying resource acquisition (feeding) and resource use (metabolic rate).

We monitored metabolic rate, movement and nectar intake of bumblebees before, during and after 10 days of radiation exposure. Subsequently, we monitored feeding and body mass across a dose rate gradient to investigate the dose rate threshold for these effects. We studied dose rates up to 200 μGy/hr: a range found today in some areas of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.

Chronic low‐dose radiation affected bumblebee energy budgets. At 200 μGy/hr nectar consumption elevated by 56% relative to controls, metabolic CO2 production increased by 18%, and time spent active rose by 30%. Once radiation exposure stopped, feeding remained elevated but CO2 production and activity returned to baseline. Our analysis indicates that elevated metabolic rate was not driven by increased activity but was instead closely associated with feeding increases. Our data suggest bumblebee nectar consumption was affected across the 50–200 μGy/hr range.

We show field‐realistic radiation exposure influences fundamental metabolic processes with potential to drive changes in many downstream life‐history traits. We hypothesise that radiation may trigger energetically costly repair mechanisms, increasing metabolic rate and nectar requirements. This change could have significant ecological consequences in contaminated landscapes, including Chernobyl. We demonstrate bumblebees are more sensitive to radiation than assumed by existing international frameworks for environmental radiological protection.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Bringing together approaches to reporting on within species genetic diversity
Authors: O'Brien David , Laikre Linda , Hoban Sean , Bruford Michael W. , Ekblom Robert , Fischer Martin C. , Hall Jeanette , Hvilsom Christina , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Kershaw Francine , Mittan Cinnamon S. , Mukassabi Tarek A. , Ogden Rob , Segelbacher Gernot , Shaw Robyn E. , Vernesi Cristiano , MacDonald Anna J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Genetic diversity is one of the three main levels of biodiversity recognised in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Fundamental for species adaptation to environmental change, genetic diversity is nonetheless under‐reported within global and national indicators. When it is reported, the focus is often narrow and confined to domesticated or other commercial species.

Several approaches have recently been developed to address this shortfall in reporting on genetic diversity of wild species. While multiplicity of approaches is helpful in any development process, it can also lead to confusion among policy makers and heighten a perception that conservation genetics is too abstract to be of use to organisations and governments.

As the developers of five of the different approaches, we have come together to explain how various approaches relate to each other and propose a scorecard, as a unifying reporting mechanism for genetic diversity.

Policy implications. We believe the proposed combined approach captures the strengths of its components and is practical for all nations and subnational governments. It is scalable and can be used to evaluate species conservation projects as well as genetic conservation projects.
Palovarotene inhibits the NF‐κB signalling pathway to prevent heterotopic ossification
Authors: Huang Junchao , Wu Jiang , Lin Jialiang , Li Congbin , Tang Bo , Xiao Haijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeterotopic ossification (HO) is a common disease characterized by pain, dysfunction and calcification. The mechanisms underlying HO have not been completely elucidated. Palovarotene, a retinoic acid receptor γ agonist, significantly inhibits the formation of HO in vivo. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the signalling pathways related to the formation of HO as well as the mechanism of palovarotene action. We constructed in vitro and in vivo models of HO. Osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was observed by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining assays in vitro. X‐ray and haematoxylin–eosin staining were performed in vivo. Western blots and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the levels of osteogenic‐ and inflammation‐related genes. Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry were used to assess the levels of p65, the core molecule of the nuclear factor κ‐B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway. We demonstrated that, in vitro, under inflammatory stimulation, pathological calcium deposition increased in BMSCs. The levels of osteogenesis‐ and inflammation‐related genes were also upregulated, along with an enhanced expression of p65. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that p65 entered the nucleus, thereby stimulating the downstream effectors of the NF‐κB pathway. The above trends were reversed after palovarotene treatment. In conclusion, the NF‐κB signalling pathway played an important role in HO, and palovarotene could alleviate HO by blocking the NF‐κB cascade. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for palovarotene in the treatment of HO. Further studies on the side effects of palovarotene are warranted in the future.
Flavonoid‐producing tomato plants have a direct negative effect on the zoophytophagous biological control agent Orius sauteri
Authors: Yang Fengbo , Zhang Xinyi , Shen Haowei , Xue Hu , Tian Tian , Zhang Qinghe , Hu Jinyu , Tong Hong , Zhang Youjun , Su Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is often used for biological control of small arthropod pests in greenhouse vegetable production systems in Asia. In addition to feeding on arthropod prey, O. sauteri consumes small quantities of plant material. Previous studies demonstrated that tomato plant chemistry confers antixenosis resistance to phloem‐feeding whiteflies, but the potential nontarget effects of phytochemicals on the beneficial predator O. sauteri are unknown. Comparison of O. sauteri confined to near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of tomatoes producing high levels of flavonoids (NIL‐purple hypocotyl; resistant to whiteflies) and low levels of flavonoids (NIL‐green hypocotyl; susceptible to whiteflies) revealed that O. sauteri had reduced oviposition, nymphal survival, and development on resistant plants, even if they were also provided with prey that did not feed on the host plant. Moreover, O. sauteri showed a significant ovipositional preference in choice assays, laying significantly more eggs on susceptible than on resistant plants. Molecular gut content analysis using the specific chloroplast trnL gene from tomato confirmed that adult and immature O. sauteri feed on both resistant and susceptible genotypes, and feeding behavior assays revealed that resistance did not affect plant feeding or prey acceptance by O. sauteri adults. These results demonstrate a direct negative effect of phytochemicals on a nontarget beneficial species and indicate that resistance mediated by phytochemicals can affect organisms that do not solely feed on phloem sap. The results also indicate that the mode of action and the potential ecological effects of phytochemical‐mediated resistance are broader than previously recognized.
The NRCS Peak Rate Factor for Severe Storms
Authors: Horst Michael W. , Bader Henry , Harrington Erin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Natural Resources Conservation Service's Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph is used extensively in industry by design engineers for the purpose of determining the runoff hydrograph from a rainfall event. As part of the methodology, the user is required to input a Peak Rate Factor (PRF) which describes the runoff response (volume distribution) of the corresponding unit hydrograph. Unfortunately, little guidance is given in the literature for selecting an appropriate PRF for a given watershed. Additionally, consideration has not been given to determine if the PRF should remain constant for a given watershed or be allowed to vary as a function of return period. The goal of this study was to back‐calculate site‐specific PRFs for various watersheds which have experienced two or more significant rain events since the year 2000. A total of 14 watersheds were investigated with results showing PRFs remained consistent for five of the watersheds regardless of the storm event. Nine of the watersheds showed a significant variation in PRF with an average variation of approximately 440 across all storm events within a given watershed. Additional analysis showed there is a general trend of increasing PRF with decreasing storm‐specific curve number. Finally, the complacent‐violent runoff response was shown to occur for storms with resulting PRF's in excess of 1,000.
Modified Glasgow prognostic score predicts the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Cui Chanjuan , Wu Xi , Deng Lei , Wang Wenqing , Cui Wei , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients.MethodsThe study enrolled 311 patients with advanced esophageal SCC from January 2012 to December 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards regression model in advanced esophageal SCC patients. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the ability of the mGPS for survival rates. Propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis was carried out to balance imbalanced variables.ResultsThe Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that factors including M stage, ECOG, mGPS group, and sex were identified as independent predictors. The mGPS presented a good level of overall survival (OS) prediction with a risk‐adopted classification for advanced esophageal SCC patients. The survival rates in advanced esophageal SCC patients with mGPS 0, 1, and 2 were 18.8%, 8.4%, and 4.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, before and after PSM, the mGPS was associated with 3‐year survival rates of advanced esophageal SCC patients in the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, the mGPS for OS prediction demonstrated better performance than sex and ECOG score. The area under curve (AUC) of the mGPS combined with M stage for the prognosis of advanced esophageal SCC was 0.677 (0.592–0.763).ConclusionThe mGPS is a cost‐effective, accessible tool capable of prognosticating in this cohort. It could be a useful surveillance system of prognosis in advanced esophageal SCC patients.
The development, but not expression, of alcohol front‐loading in C57BL/6J mice maintained on LabDiet 5001 is abolished by maintenance on Teklad 2920x rodent diet
Authors: Maphis Nicole M. , Huffman Radcliff T. , Linsenbardt David N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcessive alcohol (ethanol) consumption, such as binge drinking, is extremely commonplace and represents a major health concern. Through modeling excessive drinking in rodents, we are beginning to uncover the neurobiological and neurobehavioral causes and consequences of this pattern of ethanol intake. One important factor for modeling binge drinking in mice is that they reliably drink to blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) of 80 mg/dl or higher. Drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) is a commonly used mouse model of binge drinking, and we have shown that this method reliably results in robust ethanol front‐loading and binge‐level BECs in C57BL/6J (B6) mice and other ethanol‐preferring mouse strains/lines. However, establishing the DID model in a new vivarium space forced us to consider the use of rodent diet formulations that we had not previously used.MethodsThe current set of experiments were designed to investigate the role of two standard rodent diet formulations on binge drinking and the development of ethanol front‐loading using DID.ResultsWe found that BECs in animals maintained on LabDiet 5001 (LD01) were double those found in mice maintained on Teklad 2920x (TL20). Interestingly, this effect was paralleled by differences in the degree of front‐loading, such that LD01‐fed mice consumed approximately twice as much ethanol in the first 15 min of the 2‐h DID sessions as the TL20‐fed mice. Surprisingly, however, mice that developed front‐loading during maintenance on the LD01 diet continued to display front‐loading behavior after being switched to the TL20 diet.ConclusionsThese data emphasize the importance of choosing and reporting diet formulations when conducting voluntary drinking studies and support the need for further investigation into the mechanisms behind diet‐induced differences in binge drinking, particularly front‐loading.
Differences in the association between kappa opioid receptors and pain among Black and White adults with alcohol use disorders
Authors: de Laat Bart , Nabulsi Nabeel , Huang Yiyun , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Morris Evan D. , Krishnan‐Sarin Suchitra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between alcohol and pain is complex. Associations between pain and alcohol use disorder (AUD) vary by race, but the underlying biological basis is not understood. We examined the association of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) with responses to the cold‐pressor test (CPT), before and after treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone, among individuals with AUD who self‐identified as Black or White.MethodsThirty‐seven individuals (12 Black, 24 White, and 1 Multiracial) with AUD participated in two CPTs, separated by 1 week during which they received naltrexone 100 mg daily. During each CPT, pain reporting threshold (PRT), average pain increase rate (APIR), relative pain recovery (RPR), and alcohol craving were recorded. KOR availability was measured using [11C]‐LY2795050 positron emission tomography (PET) prior to treatment with naltrexone.ResultsBlack participants reported higher PRT and APIR than White participants during the CPT before, but not after, naltrexone treatment. Among Black participants, KOR availability was positively associated with PRT and APIR before, but not after naltrexone. Greater KOR availability was associated with faster RPR for White, but not Black, participants. The CPT induced more alcohol craving in Black than White participants, particularly in individuals with low KOR availability, an effect that was not attenuated by naltrexone.ConclusionsKOR involvement and naltrexone effects on responses to the CPT were different between Black and White participants. These preliminary findings suggest that further exploration of the differences in the opioid system and pain among Black and White individuals with AUD and their relationship with naltrexone's effects is warranted.
Roadblocks: How Property Rights Undermine Development in Colombia
Authors: Holland Alisha C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolitical economy models view property rights as the linchpin to economic development. But strong property rights—defined as rules that provide greater compensation to a larger set of claimants—encourage opportunistic behaviors that undermine infrastructure investments. Strong rights lead to (1) holdout problems among existing property owners, (2) infrastructure trolls who occupy needed land, and (3) scope expansions in which communities demand unrelated local public goods. I draw on original qualitative research around highway projects in Colombia to illustrate how communities leverage their property rights to secure greater compensation and collective goods. A survey experiment supports the microfoundations of the theory: making salient strong property rights increases compensation demands and legal claims. State audit reports reveal that opportunistic behavior occurs on two‐thirds of highway projects. These findings bolster a neglected view of strong property rights as a check on state‐led economic development projects.
Severe pertussis disease in a paediatric population: The role of age, vaccination status and prematurity
Authors: Guarnieri Valentina , Giovannini Mattia , Lodi Lorenzo , Astorino Valeria , Pisano Laura , Di Cicco Elisa , Canessa Clementina , Citera Francesco , Peroni Diego , Azzari Chiara , Ricci Silvia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo estimate hospitalisation rate and investigate the role of age, prematurity and vaccination status in severe pertussis cases.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 200 children aged 0–14 years, admitted to the emergency rooms of Meyer Hospital of Florence and Pisa Hospital with a diagnosis of pertussis from 1 October 2010 to 31 January 2020.ResultsChildren younger than 12 months were 63.0%. Preterm infants were 6.5%. The rate of hospitalisation was 49.0%. Among hospitalised cases, 80.6% were younger than 5 months. Overall, 62.0% were unvaccinated; this percentage increased among hospitalised (73.5%) and preterm subsamples (76.9%). Delays in pertussis vaccination were found in 57.7% of term infants and in 80.0% of preterms. Multivariable analysis confirmed the age under 2 months as the variable at higher risk for hospitalisation (OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.85–10.96, p < 0.001). Being fully vaccinated represented a significant protective factor (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04–0.35, p < 0.001).ConclusionOlder classes of age and a complete vaccination, in time with the recommended schedule, are both protective factors for hospitalisation in severe pertussis disease. The widespread vaccination delay frequently observed in preterm children may be the cause for their higher rate of hospitalisation.