bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of novel molybdenum disulfide and cerium dioxide reinforced hybrid aluminum matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors: Maji P. , Ghosh S.K. , Nath R.K. , Paul P. , Meitei R.K.B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAluminum matrix composites are widely used for making structural components in the aerospace and automobile industries. In order to sustain the operational demand, excellent anti‐wear and corrosion resistance properties are required in the composites. To achieve this, molybdenum disulfide and cerium dioxide reinforced hybrid aluminum‐based composites are fabricated by friction stir processing at different rotational speed and number of passes. Due to grain refinement and better particle distribution at high rotational speed and 2 pass, tensile strength and microhardness improves by sacrificing ductility. However, deterioration of mechanical properties than the as‐received alloy is evident in all the composites due to dissolvement of strengthening precipitates. With increasing tool rotational speed, severe adhesion type of wear shifts to abrasion wear and the wear resistance also improves. All the composites show similar corrosion behavior as the unprocessed alloy. However, the corrosion parameters such as corrosion potential and corrosion current density were influenced by processing conditions. The composite produced with 1500 min−1 and 2 pass exhibits highest wear and corrosion resistance.
Effect of nano‐Fe3O4 on normal force of magnetorheological fluid
Authors: Liu X.H. , Hu H.N. , Wang J.H. , Wu Y. , Xu B. , Pu M.L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a kind of magnetorheological fluid, containing nano‐Fe3O4, was prepared in order to study the influence of nano‐Fe3O4 content on its normal force characteristics. Firstly, the microscopic force model is constructed and the microscopic static analysis is carried out. Secondly, the force of the magnetic chain under impacted is simulated by using the numerical simulation method of ANSYS finite element analysis and a plate‐to‐plate shear test system is established. The results show that the normal force of the magnetic chain is enhanced by the supporting force of the nano iron powder embedded in the magnetic chain. At the same magnetic induction intensity, the normal force of the magnetorheological fluid gradually increases with the increase of the mass fraction of nano‐particles. When the mass fraction of the nanoparticles is 7 %, the normal force reaches the maximum.
Screening of forward osmosis membrane potential to treat produced water
Authors: Nasir R. , Suhaimi A.S. , Mohshim D.F. , Maqsood K. , Alsaadi A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe produced water is considered one of the largest waste streams in the oil and gas industries. Untreated produced water discharge damages the environment. Forward osmosis utilizes a dilute solution to concentrate contaminated streams to treat produced water. This paper tried to shed some light on forward osmosis‘s potential in treating produced water, measuring forward osmosis commercial membrane‘s effectiveness in treating produced water feed taken from two different points in an oil and gas facility in Malaysia. The rejection for chemical oxygen demand and boron was greater than 80 %, and a considerable decrease in forward osmosis flux was observed. The corrugated plate interceptor‘s inlet feed decreased by 73 % relative to the initial flux, while it decreased by 52.5 % for equalization tank feed. Design expert® was used to optimize the process using a one‐factor experimental design. The regression models indicated a good fit of model. The R2 was 0.9393 and 0.9888 for corrugated plate interceptor‘s inlet, and the equalization tank produced water, respectively. The optimization results concluded a 20 % draw solution concentration with the desirability of 0.927 and 0.987 for two feed waters.
Analyses of locomotion, wing morphology, and microbiome in Drosophila nigrosparsa after recovery from antibiotics
Authors: Weiland Simon O. , Detcharoen Matsapume , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. , Steiner Florian M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntibiotics, such as tetracycline, have been frequently used to cure arthropods of Wolbachia endosymbionts. After the symbionts have been removed, the hosts must recover for some generations from the side effects of the antibiotics. However, most studies do not assess the direct and indirect longer‐term effects of antibiotics used to remove Wolbachia, which may question the exact contribution of this endosymbiont to the effects observed. Here, we used the fly Drosophila nigrosparsa treated or not with tetracycline for three generations followed by two generations of recovery to investigate the effects of this antibiotic on the fly locomotion, wing morphology, and the gut microbiome. We found that antibiotic treatment did not affect fly locomotion two generations after being treated with the antibiotic. In addition, gut‐microbiome restoration was tested as a more efficient solution to reduce the potential side effects of tetracycline on the microbiome. There was no significant difference in alpha diversity between gut restoration and other treatments, but the abundance of some bacterial taxa differed significantly between the gut‐restoration treatment and the control. We conclude that in D. nigrosparsa the recovery period of two generations after being treated with the antibiotic is sufficient for locomotion, and suggest a general assessment of direct and indirect effects of antibiotics after a particular recovery time.
Introduction to the principles and methods underlying the recovery of metagenome‐assembled genomes from metagenomic data
Authors: Goussarov Gleb , Mysara Mohamed , Vandamme Peter , Van Houdt Rob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rise of metagenomics offers a leap forward for understanding the genetic diversity of microorganisms in many different complex environments by providing a platform that can identify potentially unlimited numbers of known and novel microorganisms. As such, it is impossible to imagine new major initiatives without metagenomics. Nevertheless, it represents a relatively new discipline with various levels of complexity and demands on bioinformatics. The underlying principles and methods used in metagenomics are often seen as common knowledge and often not detailed or fragmented. Therefore, we reviewed these to guide microbiologists in taking the first steps into metagenomics. We specifically focus on a workflow aimed at reconstructing individual genomes, that is, metagenome‐assembled genomes, integrating DNA sequencing, assembly, binning, identification and annotation.
Identification of acetylated diether lipids in halophilic Archaea
Authors: Kropp Cosimo , Lipp Julius , Schmidt Anna Lena , Seisenberger Christina , Linde Mona , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe , Babinger Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a hallmark of Archaea, their cell membranes are comprised of ether lipids. However, Archaea‐type ether lipids have recently been identified in Bacteria as well, with a somewhat different composition: In Bacillales, sn‐glycerol 1‐phosphate is etherified with one C35 isoprenoid chain, which is longer than the typical C20 chain in Archaea, and instead of a second isoprenoid chain, the product heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate becomes dephosphorylated and afterward diacetylated by the O‐acetyltransferase YvoF. Interestingly, database searches have revealed YvoF homologs in Halobacteria (Archaea), too. Here, we demonstrate that YvoF from Haloferax volcanii can acetylate geranylgeranylglycerol in vitro. Additionally, we present the first‐time identification of acetylated diether lipids in H. volcanii and Halobacterium salinarum by mass spectrometry. A variety of different acetylated lipids, namely acetylated archaeol, and acetylated archaetidylglycerol, were found, suggesting that halobacterial YvoF has a broad substrate range. We suppose that the acetyl group might serve to modify the polarity of the lipid headgroup, with still unknown biological effects.
Computed tomography–based radiomics for identifying pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Yongchang , Chu Zhigang , Yu Jianqun , Chen Xiaoyi , Liu Jing , Xu Jingxu , Huang Chencui , Peng Liqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is an invasive pulmonary fungal disease, and nodule/mass‐type PC may mimic lung cancer (LC) in imaging appearance. Thus, an accurate diagnosis of nodule/mass‐type PC is beneficial for appropriate management. However, the differentiation of nodule/mass‐type PC from LC through computed tomography (CT) is still challenging.PurposeTo develop and externally test a CT‐based radiomics model for differentiating nodule/mass‐type PC from LC.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with nodule/mass‐type PC or LC who underwent non‐enhanced chest CT were included: Institution 1 was for the training set, and institutions 2 and 3 were for the external test set. Large quantities of radiomics features were extracted. The radiomics score (Rad‐score) was calculated using the linear discriminant analysis, and a subsequent fivefold cross‐validation was performed. A combined model was developed by incorporating Rad‐score and clinical factors. Finally, the models were tested with an external test set and compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsA total of 168 patients (45 with PC and 123 with LC) were in the training set, and 72 (36 with PC and 36 with LC) were in the external test set. Of the 81 patients with PC, 30 were immunocompromised (37%). Rad‐score, comprising 18 features, had an AUC of 0.844 after fivefold cross‐validation, which was lower than that (AUC = 0.943, p = 0.003) of the combined model integrating Rad‐score, age, lobulation, pleural retraction, and patches. In the external test set, Rad‐score and the combined model obtained good predictive performance (AUC = 0.824 for Rad‐score, and 0.869 for the combined model). Moreover, the combined model outperformed the clinical model in the cross‐validation and external test (0.943 vs. 0.810, p <0.001; 0.869 vs. 0.769, p = 0.011).ConclusionsThe proposed combined model exhibits a good differential diagnostic performance between nodule/mass‐type PC and LC. The CT‐based radiomics analysis has the potential to serve as an effective tool for the differentiation of nodule/mass‐type PC from LC in clinical practice.
Effect of fibroblast growth factor signaling on cumulus expansion in mice in vitro
Authors: Kanke Takuya , Fujii Wataru , Naito Kunihiko , Sugiura Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe expansion of cumulus cells associated with oocytes is an essential phenomenon in normal mammalian ovulation. Indeed, attenuated expression of cumulus expansion‐related genes, including Has2, Ptgs2, Ptx3, and Tnfaip6, results in ovulation failure, leading to female subfertility or infertility. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that proteins of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, produced within ovarian follicles, regulate the development and function of cumulus cells; however, the effects of FGF signaling on cumulus expansion have not been investigated extensively. Herein, we investigate the effects of FGF signaling, particularly those of FGF8 secreted by oocytes, on epidermal growth factor‐induced cumulus expansion in mice. The phosphorylation level of MAPK3/1, an intracellular mediator of FGF signaling, was significantly decreased in cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) following treatment with NVP‐BGJ398, an FGF receptor inhibitor. Moreover, even though NVP‐BGJ398 treatment did not affect cumulus cell expansion, it significantly upregulated the expression of Ptgs2 and Ptx3. In contrast, treatment with recombinant FGF8 did not affect the degree of cumulus expansion or the expression of expansion‐related genes in COCs or oocytectomized cumulus cell complexes. Collectively, these results suggest that FGFs, other than FGF8, exert suppressive effects on the cumulus expansion process in mice.
Integrated conservation of Acer yangbiense: A case study for conservation methods of plant species with extremely small populations
Authors: Yang Jing , Tao Lidan , Yang Jianrong , Wu Cuifen , Sun Weibang 
Published: June 2022

Societal Impact StatementA practical and efficient model is crucial for applying conservation actions to threatened species. Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) is a new concept raised jointly by government and scientists from China, targeted toward funding the urgent rescue of threatened plants. With the cooperation of decision‐making departments, scientists, local departments, nongovernment organizations, and local people, we present a case of how the tree species Acer yangbiense was studied and finally rescued. The pipeline and experience in this case will promote the development of the PSESP conservation methods.Summary

With only five individuals known for years, the Critically Endangered species Acer yangbiense was listed under the conservation category Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP), a concept developed 10 years ago in China, aimed at channeling limited resources to conserve the most threatened plant species.
Integrated conservation methods and research were applied to A. yangbiense and introduced in two‐time phases upon the discovery of new populations.
Being considered one of the most successfully rescued species, A. yangbiense was removed from the second PSESP list issued in 2021 by Yunnan Province, China. The conservation case has become a model, with replicable pipelines, standards, cooperation, and studies to future PSESP conservation actions.
Herein, we discuss the significance of work on A. yangbiense for future conservation actions regarding PSESP and other endangered species.
Multifunctional Inverse Opal Microneedle Arrays for Drug Delivery and Monitoring
Authors: Lu Minhui , Fan Lu , Chen Hanxu , Zhang Zhuohao , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroneedle arrays (MNs) have a demonstrated value in transdermal drug delivery systems. Attempts to this technology focus on the generation of functional MNs to achieve intelligent drug delivery. Here, multifunctional inverse opal microneedle (IOMN) arrays with the abilities are reported to load various drugs and monitor drug release. The IOMNs are generated by using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to replicate hierarchical structure templates that are composed of self‐assembled silica colloidal nanoparticles in the inverted cone structure wells. Because of their interconnected porous structures, different actives, or drugs can be loaded into the IOMNs without organic solvents and chemical polymerization. It is demonstrated that when these drugs loaded IOMNs pierce the skin at position of interest and for slow release, the average refractive index of the IOMNs decreases with the release process, resulting in a corresponding blueshift of their characteristic spectrum. Thus, by measuring the wavelength shift value of the IOMNs, the amount of released drugs can be monitored, providing essential guidance for efficient clinical treatment. These features indicate that the IOMNs are valuable smart drug delivery systems in personalized therapy.
Role of N in Transition‐Metal‐Nitrides for Anchoring Platinum‐Group Metal Atoms toward Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: Ma Mingyu , Cheng Xu , Shi Zude , Zhang Chenglan , Li Yan , Yang Yifan , Gong Chengshi , Zhang Zhenxing , Fei Huilong , Zhu Chao , He Yongmin , Xie Erqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) with a maximum atom utilization efficiency have received growing attention in heterogeneous catalysis. The supporting substrate that provides atomic‐dispersed anchoring sites and the local electronic environment in these catalysts is crucial to their activity and stability. Here, inspired by N‐doped graphene substrate, the role of N is explored in transition metal nitrides for anchoring single metal atoms toward single‐atom catalysis. A pore‐rich metallic vanadium nitride (VN) nanosheet is fabricated as one supporting‐substrate example, whose surface features abundant unsaturated N sites with lower binding energy than that of widely used N‐doped graphene. Impressively, it is found that this support can anchor nearly all platinum‐group single atoms (e.g., platinum, palladium, iridium, and ruthenium), and even be extendable to multiple SACs, i.e., binary (Pt/Pd) and ternary (Pt/Pd/Ir). As a proof‐of‐concept application for hydrogen production, Pt‐based SAC (Pt1‐VN) performs excellently, exhibiting a mass activity up to 22.55 A mg−1Pt at 0.05 V and a high turnover frequency value close to 0.350 H2 s−1, superior to commercial platinum/carbon catalyst. The catalyst's durability can be further improved by using binary (Pt1Pd1‐VN) SAC. This work provides inexpensive and durable nitride‐based support, giving a possible pathway for universally constructing platinum‐group SACs.
Porous Organic Polymers: Promising Testbed for Heterogeneous Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Photocatalysis and Nonredox CO2 Fixation
Authors: Giri Arkaprabha , Patra Abhijit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCatalysts play a pivotal role in achieving the global need for food and energy. In this context, porous organic polymers (POPs) with high surface area, robust architecture, tunable pore size, and chemical functionalities have emerged as promising testbeds for heterogeneous catalysis. Amorphous POPs having functionalized interconnected hierarchical porous structures activate a diverse range of substrates through covalent/non‐covalent interactions or act as a host matrix to encapsulate catalytically active metal centers. On the other hand, conjugated POPs have been explored for photoinduced chemical transformations. In this personal account, we have delineated the evolution of various POPs and the specific role of pores and pore functionalities in heterogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, we retrospect our journey over the last ten years towards designing and fabricating amorphous POPs for heterogeneous catalysis, specifically photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated organic transformations and nonredox chemical fixation of CO2. We have also outlined some of the future avenues of POPs and POP‐based hybrid materials for diverse catalytic applications.
The Catalyst Design for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Roles and Routes
Authors: Cao Yun , Gu Sichen , Han Junwei , Yang Quan‐Hong , Lv Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLithium‐sulfur battery is a promising candidate for next‐generation high energy density batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, it suffers from low sulfur utilization, fast capacity decay, and the notorious “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) due to the sluggish reaction kinetics, which severely restrict its practical applications. Using the electrocatalyst can accelerate the redox reactions between sulfur, LiPSs and Li2S and suppress the shuttling of LiPSs, and thus, it is a promising strategy to solve the above problems, enabling the battery with high energy density and long cycling stability. In this personal account, we discuss the catalyst design for lithium‐sulfur batteries according to the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) and sulfur evolution reaction (SER) in the discharging and charging processes. The catalytic effects for each step in SRR and SER are highlighted and the homogenous catalysts, the selective catalysts, and the bidirectional catalysts are discussed, which can help guide the rational design of the catalysts and practical applications of lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Document clustering
Authors: Cozzolino Irene , Ferraro Maria Brigida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNowadays, the explosive growth in text data emphasizes the need for developing new and computationally efficient methods and credible theoretical support tailored for analyzing such large‐scale data. Given the vast amount of this kind of unstructured data, the majority of it is not classified, hence unsupervised learning techniques show to be useful in this field. Document clustering has proven to be an efficient tool in organizing textual documents and it has been widely applied in different areas from information retrieval to topic modeling. Before introducing the proposals of document clustering algorithms, the principal steps of the whole process, including the mathematical representation of documents and the preprocessing phase, are discussed. Then, the main clustering algorithms used for text data are critically analyzed, considering prototype‐based, graph‐based, hierarchical, and model‐based approaches.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Text Mining
Data: Types and Structure > Text Data
Introduction
Authors: Andreallo Fiona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis book is the first of its kind to map Touch as culturally meaningful in digital social networks. In this chapter, the concept of Touch (with a capital T) is briefly introduced as a social and cultural concept, beyond just the physical practice or sensation of touch as we usually understand it. Touch is specifically identified as a key aspect of photography, including selfies and memes. Touch involves relationships of bodies, objects, spaces, connection, disconnection and positioning. As a communication practice, these relationships are meaningful and significant. This chapter includes descriptions of key terms to locate the focus of the book and a map of the book’s content. This introduction frames the great significance of understanding socially networked relationships as Touch.
Mobility and the Middle Kingdom
Authors: Tan K. Cohen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article looks at the difference between global digital nomadism as a disruptive form of mobile sociality within the space of flows and Chinese lifestyle migration as a sedentarist form of lifestyle mobility. Mobile sociality is understood as the ability to remain connected with home despite being on the move while lifestyle mobility is understood as the need to make and unmake homes while on the move. The use of mobilities paradigm as a theoretical lens demonstrates the fundamental difference between the two lies in their orientation towards territority as a homing desire. The article concludes that Chinese lifestyle mobility has yet to achieve the mobile sociality of global digital nomads, despite both being equally imbricated within the state of constant connectivity.
The Production of Knowledge and Preservation of Self-identity: William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta in Contact with Mongols
Authors: Taylor Claire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chapter discusses the perceptions and constructions of Asia in the Mongol period, focusing on two travellers going eastward in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries: William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta. By reconstructing the context and motivations for their voyages, the author traces European and Arab perceptions of East Asia and Inner Asia as they emerge from two key travel reports. Particular attention is given to the scope and limit of their curiosities, exploring similarities and differences in both mental attitude and perception of Asian spaces. The scholarly concept of othering so often applied to travellers entering the East is here questioned and problematized. Interestingly, social imageries of Asia often went beyond quoting ancient authorities and repeating known tropes of classical and holy texts. This finding in turn sparks questions about the relationship between changing narratives, mobilities, and agendas behind the production of knowledge.