bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal titration calorimetry investigation of the interactions between vitamin B6-derived hydrazones and bovine and human serum albumin
Authors: Migliore Rossella , Zavalishin Maksim N. , Gamov George A. , Usacheva Tatiana R. , Sharnin Valentin A. , Grasso Giuseppa I. , Sgarlata Carmelo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe binding of low molecular weight compounds with the transport proteins of blood is an essential step of their delivery into living cells and thus the accurate investigation of the interactions occurring in solution at physiological conditions is crucial for the development of efficient biologically active molecules. In this work, we report on the complex species, stability constants and thermodynamic parameters for the binding reactions of hydrazones derived from pyridoxal-5ʹ-phosphate (PLP) with bovine and human serum albumin (BSA and HSA) in neutral aqueous solution. The study has been carried out using isothermal titration calorimetry which allowed to directly obtain both binding constant and enthalpy change values for the systems investigated. The thermodynamic characterization in solution revealed that the PLP-hydrazone derivatives are able to effectively interact with both bovine and human serum albumin and enabled the determination of the driving forces for the molecular recognition process. The formation of the 1:1 complex was found to be always enthalpy favored and driven due to the insertion of the hydrazone moieties into the hydrophobic pockets of BSA or HSA.
The Thumbprint of a Hybrid Organization—A Multidimensional Model for Analysing Public/Private Hybrid Organizations
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hybridity has become a widely-used concept in public management theory and practice. Yet, there is limited insight in what constitutes a hybrid organization. This article argues that it is not enough to say an organization is hybrid; you need to say how an organization is hybrid, as organizations can mix the characteristics of state and market on several dimensions and with differing intensities. They all have, as it were, a distinctive hybrid thumbprint, which can influence an organization’s performance and hence the quality of its service provision. Therefore, a model is presented to visualize this unique thumbprint.
Co-creating innovation for sustainability
Authors: Erbguth Jörn , Schörling Marianne , Birt Nathalie , Bongers Susann , Sulzberger Pamina , Morin Jean-Henry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis contribution to the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) presents a case study for an approach to design sustainable innovation. No nation is on track to achieve the UN sustainable development goals for 2030. The traditional innovation ecosystem is insufficient. Rather than only solving problems, technological innovation is creating new challenges that society is struggling with. Innovation needs to be developed differently to focus on impact.Geneva Macro Labs initiated a new approach to foster sustainable innovation which was based on a combination of systems theory, collective intelligence, agile development and design thinking. The initiative, called Geneva impACTs, brought together a diverse group of experts, start-ups and investors to develop innovative projects, aiming to make inroads towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. It started at a time when COVID-19 measures made it impossible for groups to meet in person and so the entire process was conducted virtually using a range of online tools.A critical reflection shows the methodological strengths of the Geneva impACTs approach and identifies suggestions for improvement to be considered for future iterations. As an overall result, this new methodology is highly conducive to impact innovation.
Wnt Signaling Pathways: A Role in Pain Processing
Authors: Tang Yiting , Chen Yupeng , Liu Rui , Li Weidong , Hua Baojin , Bao Yanju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway plays an essential role in embryonic development and nervous system regulation. It is critically involved in multiple types of neuropathic pain (NP), such as HIV-related NP, cancer pain, diabetic neuralgia, multiple sclerosis-related NP, endometriosis pain, and other painful diseases. Wnt signaling is also implicated in the pain induced by sciatic nerve compression injury and selective spinal nerve ligation. Thus, the Wnt signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for NP.
Towards a pituitary apoplexy classification based on clinical presentation and patient journey
Authors: Guijt M. C. , Zamanipoor Najafabadi A. H. , Notting I. C. , Pereira A. M. , Verstegen M. J. T. , Biermasz N. R. , van Furth W. R. , Claessen K. M. J. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe condition of pituitary apoplexia contains the clinical spectre from life-threatening emergency to asymptomatic self-limiting course, which partly determines diagnostic delay and management. Outcome evaluation of course and management of pituitary apoplexia is hampered by the diverse presentation of this condition and requires appraisal. This study aimed to describe the patient journey, clinical presentation, and management of various types of pituitary apoplexy in a new classification to facilitate future outcome evaluation and identify unmet needs in the care process.MethodsA single-center retrospective patient chart study was conducted between 2005–2021 (N = 98). Outcome measures were clinical symptoms at first presentation in hospital, being headache, consciousness, visual acuity, visual field defects (VFD), ophthalmoplegia, nausea, vomiting, fever, and hypopituitarism and care process characteristics.ResultsMean age was 47.6 ± 16.6 years (51.0% male). We describe their patient journey and identified three different types, differing in clinical presentation, in-hospital route, and final treatment, e.g., Acute (type A, 52%), Subacute (type B, 22.5%), and Non-acute (type C, 25.5%). Type A generally presents with acute onset headaches, VFD, or ophthalmoplegia emergency setting, with lowest mean visual acuity of both eyes and frequent hypocortisolism.ConclusionsPituitary apoplexy can be approached as a spectrum of disease with 3 main subtypes, with a different initial presentation, different in-hospital route resulting in different management. Acknowledging subtypes with particular needs for (emergency) referrals to Pituitary Tumors Center of Excellence (PTCOE) will serve patient care improvements, outcome evaluations and address areas for improvement.
Validity of Estimating the Maximal Oxygen Consumption by Consumer Wearables: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Expert Statement of the INTERLIVE Network
Authors: Molina-Garcia Pablo , Notbohm Hannah L. , Schumann Moritz , Argent Rob , Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Stang Julie , Bloch Wilhelm , Cheng Sulin , Ekelund Ulf , Sardinha Luis B. , Caulfield Brian , Brønd Jan Christian , Grøntved Anders , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTechnological advances have recently made possible the estimation of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) by consumer wearables. However, the validity of such estimations has not been systematically summarized using meta-analytic methods and there are no standards guiding the validation protocols.ObjectiveThe aim was to (1) quantitatively summarize previous studies investigating the validity of theVO2maxestimated by consumer wearables and (2) provide best-practice recommendations for future validation studies.MethodsFirst, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies validating the estimation ofVO2maxby wearables. Second, based on the state of knowledge (derived from the systematic review) combined with the expert discussion between the members of the Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) consortium, we provided a set of best-practice recommendations for validation protocols.ResultsFourteen validation studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed that wearables using resting condition information in their algorithms significantly overestimatedVO2max(bias 2.17 ml·kg−1·min−1; limits of agreement − 13.07 to 17.41 ml·kg−1·min−1), while devices using exercise-based information in their algorithms showed a lower systematic and random error (bias − 0.09 ml·kg−1·min−1; limits of agreement − 9.92 to 9.74 ml·kg−1·min−1). The INTERLIVE consortium proposed six key domains to be considered for validating wearable devices estimatingVO2max, concerning the following: the target population, reference standard, index measure, testing conditions, data processing, and statistical analysis.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis suggests that the estimations ofVO2maxby wearables that use exercise-based algorithms provide higher accuracy than those based on resting conditions. The exercise-based estimation seems to be optimal for measuringVO2maxat the population level, yet the estimation error at the individual level is large, and, therefore, for sport/clinical purposes these methods still need improvement. The INTERLIVE network hereby provides best-practice recommendations to be used in future protocols to move towards a more accurate, transparent and comparable validation ofVO2maxderived from wearables.PROSPERO IDCRD42021246192.
Testosterone positively regulates vagina NO-induced relaxation: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Cellai I. , Filippi S. , Comeglio P. , Cipriani S. , Maseroli E. , Di Stasi V. , Todisco T. , Marchiani S. , Tamburrino L. , Villanelli F. , Vezzani S. , Corno C. , Fambrini M. , Guarnieri G. , Sarchielli E. , Morelli A. , Rastrelli G. , Maggi M. , Vignozzi L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Female sexual response involves a complex interplay between neurophysiological mechanisms and the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation of clitoris and vagina. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex steroids regulation of the relaxant pathway in vagina, using a validated animal model.

Methods
Subgroups of OVX Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with 17β-estradiol, testosterone, or testosterone and letrozole, and compared with a group of intact animals. Masson’s trichrome staining was performed for morphological evaluation of the distal vaginal wall, in vitro contractility studies investigated the effect of OVX and in vivo treatments on vaginal smooth muscle activity. RNA from vaginal tissue was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

Results
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that OVX induced epithelial and smooth muscle structural atrophy, testosterone and testo + letrozole increased the muscle bundles content and organization without affecting the epithelium while 17β-estradiol mediated the opposite effects. In vitro contractility studies were performed on noradrenaline pre-contracted vaginal strips from each experimental group. Acetylcholine (0.001–10 µM) stimulation induced a concentration-dependent relaxation, significantly reduced by NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME and by guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. OVX resulted in a decreased responsiveness to acetylcholine, restored by testosterone, with or without letrozole, but not by 17β-estradiol. OVX sensitivity to the NO-donor SNP was higher than in the control. Vardenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, enhanced SNP effect in OVX + testosterone as well as in control, as supported by RNA expression analysis.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that testosterone improves the NO-mediated smooth muscle vaginal cells relaxation confirming its role in maintaining the integrity of muscular relaxant machinery.
Direct observation of hydrogen permeation through grain boundaries in tungsten
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Pablo , Panizo-Laiz Miguel , González César , Iglesias Roberto , Martín-Bragado Ignacio , González-Arrabal Raquel , Perlado Jose Manuel , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio , Rivera Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report on an enhanced hydrogen permeation effect along grain boundaries in tungsten. Sputtered nanocolumnar tungsten layers (column lateral dimensions 100–150 nm and layer thickness 2 μm) were analysed by hydrogen permeation measurements in the temperature range 520–705 K. The experiments constitute a direct observation of this effect, previously postulated by means of a combination of indirect experiments and simulations and considered controversial due to the lack of direct measurements. DFT results support this observation since (i) the hydrogen binding energy to the grain boundary is 1.05 eV and (ii) the migration energies along the grain boundary and along the bulk are 0.12 eV and 0.20 eV, respectively. OKMC simulations, parametrized by DFT data, were used as a supporting tool to attain a better understanding of the involved phenomena. The OKMC results are also compatible with the observations. Indeed, they show that the fraction of hydrogen flux along grain boundaries in the steady-state permeation regime increases when decreasing the ratio of lateral dimensions to length of the nanocolumns, rapidly approaching unity when this ratio is < 2. Therefore, grain boundaries act as preferential migration pathways for H atoms at the studied temperature range in the studied samples. This behaviour has interesting implications to reduce the retention of hydrogen in several applications, in particular, fusion materials exposed to plasma discharges.
Bionanocomposite Beads Based on Montmorillonite and Biopolymers as Potential Systems for Oral Release of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Leite Mayara S. , Sodré Welton C. , de Lima Lais R. , Constantino Vera R. L. , Alcântara Ana C. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe number of studies of controlled drug-release systems is growing constantly. Bionanocomposite materials which can be prepared from the combination of biopolymers with inorganic solids such as clay minerals offer interesting alternatives for use as drug-delivery systems. In the present study, new bionanocomposite drug-release systems were prepared from the intercalation of the antibiotic drug ciprofloxacin into montmorillonite using an ion-exchange reaction. In order to prepare more stable systems for oral ciprofloxacin release, this ciprofloxacin-clay intercalation compound was incorporated into i-carrageenan-gelatin biopolymer blend to produce bionanocomposite materials. Bionanocomposites of two distinct i-carrageenan and gelatin mass ratios were conformed as beads through an ionic gelification reaction with Ca2+ ions, and dried by freeze-drying where liquid nitrogen or conventional freezing was adopted in the freezing step. The resulting ciprofloxacin-clay hybrid was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The montmorillonite-ciprofloxacin hybrid incorporated into the bionanocomposite beads was evaluated by in vitro release studies which showed a significant difference in the release profiles in the aqueous medium used to simulate the gastrointestinal tract, depending on the blend composition and the freezing method employed in the preparation of the beads. The results point to bionanocomposite systems based on ciprofloxacin-clay hybrids and biopolymers that may be used as devices in the biomedical area.
Dispersion mechanism-induced variations in microstructural and mechanical behavior of CNT-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites
Authors: Doğan Kemal , Özgün Muhammed İhsan , Sübütay Halit , Salur Emin , Eker Yasin , Kuntoğlu Mustafa , Aslan Abdullah , Gupta Munish Kumar , Acarer Mustafa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The combination of powder metallurgy and ball milling method has been widely regarded as the most beneficial route for producing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. In this study, the effects of different milling times (1, 2, 4, and 8 h) on the structural, morphological, and crystallographic properties of MWCNTs-reinforced Al7075 composite powders were characterized by particle size analyzer, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After the morphological and structural characterization of the milled powders, the microstructural and mechanical properties of the hot-pressed composites were evaluated using an optical microscope, SEM, density, and Brinell hardness measurements. Considering milled powder characterization, the MWCNTs were gradually distributed and embedded within the matrix as the milling time increased. Milling for 8 h resulted in a minimum level of particle size (11 µm) with shortened and uniformly dispersed CNTs. Brinell hardness of the composite increased from 91 to 237 HB -a ⁓%160 after 8 h of milling. Such a remarkable increment in hardness could be attributed to several concurrent strengthening effects related to dispersion, solution, grain refinement, and Orowan looping mechanisms. However, relative density results revealed that the composite produced by 2 h milled powders exhibited the highest density (%99.96). The observed differences between hardness and density results were ascribed to powders’ deteriorated packing and sintering behavior due to an increment in the hardness of particles and variation in particle size range and morphology, which resulted from following different milling protocols.
Diffused responsibility: attributions of responsibility in the use of AI-driven clinical decision support systems
Authors: Bleher Hannah , Braun Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGood decision-making is a complex endeavor, and particularly so in a health context. The possibilities for day-to-day clinical practice opened up by AI-driven clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSS) give rise to fundamental questions around responsibility. In causal, moral and legal terms the application of AI-CDSS is challenging existing attributions of responsibility. In this context, responsibility gaps are often identified as main problem. Mapping out the changing dynamics and levels of attributing responsibility, we argue in this article that the application of AI-CDSS causes diffusions of responsibility with respect to a causal, moral, and legal dimension. Responsibility diffusion describes the situation where multiple options and several agents can be considered for attributing responsibility. Using the example of an AI-driven ‘digital tumor board’, we illustrate how clinical decision-making is changed and diffusions of responsibility take place. Not denying or attempting to bridge responsibility gaps, we argue that dynamics and ambivalences are inherent in responsibility, which is based on normative considerations such as avoiding experiences of disregard and vulnerability of human life, which are inherently accompanied by a moment of uncertainty, and is characterized by revision openness. Against this background and to avoid responsibility gaps, the article concludes with suggestions for managing responsibility diffusions in clinical decision-making with AI-CDSS.
Men are the main COVID-19 transmitters: behavior or biology?
Authors: Silva Monize V. R. , de Castro Mateus V. , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Otto Paulo A. , Naslavsky Michel S. , Zatz Mayana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has affected millions of people worldwide. Clinical manifestations range from severe cases with lethal outcome to mild or asymptomatic cases. Although the proportion of infected individuals does not differ between sexes, men are more susceptible to severe COVID-19, with a higher risk of death than women. Also, men are pointed out as more lax regarding protective measures, mask wearing and vaccination. Thus, we questioned whether sex-bias may be explained by biological pathways and/or behavioral aspects or both.

Methods
Between July 2020 and July 2021, we performed an epidemiological survey including 1744 unvaccinated adult Brazilian couples, with there was at least one infected symptomatic member, who were living together during the COVID-19 infection without protective measures. Presence or absence of infection was confirmed by RT-PCR and/or serology results. Couples were divided into two groups: (1) both partners were infected (concordant couples) and (2) one partner was infected and the spouse remained asymptomatic despite the close contact with the COVID-19 symptomatic partner (discordant couples). Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed aiming to verify a differential transmission potential between genders in couples keeping contact without protective measures.

Results
The combination of our collected data showed that the man is the first (or the only) affected member in most cases when compared to women and that this difference may be explained by biological and behavioral factors.

Conclusions
The present study confirmed the existence of gender differences not only for susceptibility to infection and resistance to COVID-19 but also in its transmission rate.
Impact of the KL2/Catalyst Medical Research Investigator Training (CMeRIT) Program on the careers of early-stage clinical and translational investigators
Authors: Bredella Miriam A. , McGroarty Kate M. , Kolessin Lucy , Bard Linda F. , Hollenberg Anthony N. , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Harvard Catalyst KL2/CMeRIT program is a 2-year mentored institutional career award that includes KL2 grants funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) and CMeRIT grants funded by Harvard Catalyst nonfederal funds. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for early-stage investigators funded by the KL2/CMeRIT program to a group of applicants who were not chosen for support to assess the potential impact of the program on early career outcomes. Career data, including academic promotions, subsequent grant funding, and publication rates, from both successful and unsuccessful 2008–2018 KL2/CMeRIT applicants were compiled throughout the year 2020. Data were obtained directly through outreach to both groups and through assessment of online resources. The cohort comprised 487 individuals, 109 awardees, and 378 nonawardees. Awardees were more likely to be subsequently involved in clinical and translational research than nonawardees (92% vs 75%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion of awardees also had achieved academic promotion (81% vs 69%, p = 0.016) and subsequent NIH funding (72% vs 58%, p = 0.047), while there was no difference in publication rates (p = 0.555). Participants in the Harvard Catalyst KL2/CMeRIT program demonstrate greater early career success than nonparticipants though the nonparticipants also fared relatively well.
Distribution in the unit tangent bundle of the geodesics of given type
Authors: ERLANDSSON VIVEKA , SOUTO JUAN 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecall that two geodesics in a negatively curved surface S are of the same type if their free homotopy classes differ by a homeomorphism of the surface. In this note we study the distribution in the unit tangent bundle of the geodesics of fixed type, proving that they are asymptotically equidistributed with respect to a certain measure
${\mathfrak {m}}^S$
on
$T^1S$
. We study a few properties of this measure, showing for example that it distinguishes between hyperbolic surfaces.