bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection risk in psoriatic patients receiving tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a 20‐year systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Y.‐C. , Lin Y.‐H. , Ma S.‐H. , Chang Y.‐T. , Chen C.‐C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) are commonly used for treating psoriatic diseases; however, the risk of infection while receiving TNFis remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the infection risk in patients with psoriatic disease receiving TNFis. A prospectively registered systematic literature search was conducted in Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to December 31, 2021. We included double‐blind randomized controlled trials that compared TNFis or other biologics with placebo in adults with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. The primary outcomes included overall and serious infection risks, and secondary outcomes included upper respiratory infections and nasopharyngitis risks. The risk ratio of the dichotomous outcome was calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel method with random effects, and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and quantified using the I‐squared statistic. A total of 48 studies with 15 464 patients with psoriatic diseases were included. The meta‐analysis demonstrated a slightly increased overall infection risk (risk ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.15) but not serious infection risk (risk ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.49) among patients receiving TNFis. There were also no increased risks of upper respiratory infections (risk ratio = 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.28) or nasopharyngitis (risk ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.30). In subgroup analyses using the fixed effects model, only etanercept and certolizumab pegol were, respectively, associated with an increased risk of overall infection (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.03–1.27) and upper respiratory infections (RR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.02–1.98). In conclusion, evidence to date suggests an increased overall infection risk that is generally tolerable in patients with psoriatic diseases receiving TNFis. There are no increased risks of serious infections, upper respiratory infections or nasopharyngitis.
Organisational change to integrate self‐management into specialised mental health services: Creating collaborative spaces
Authors: Strong Susan , Letts Lori , Gillespie Alycia , Martin Mary‐Lou , McNeely Heather E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐management support for schizophrenia has become expected practice leaving organisations to find ways for feasible implementation. Self‐management support involves a foundational cultural shift for traditional disease‐based services, new ways of clients‐providers working together, coupled with delivering a portfolio of tools and techniques. A new model of self‐management support embedded into traditional case management services, called SET for Health (Self‐management Engaging Together for Health), was designed and tailored to make such services meaningfully accessible to clients of a tertiary care centre. This paper describes the proof of concept demonstration efforts, the successes/challenges, and initial organisational changes.MethodAn integrated knowledge translation approach was selected as a means to foster organisational change grounded in users' daily realities. Piloting the model in two community case management programmes, we asked two questions: Can a model of self‐management support be embedded in existing case management and delivered within routine specialised mental health services? What organisational changes support implementation?ResultsFifty‐one clients were enroled. Indicators of feasible delivery included 72.5% completion of self‐management plans in a diverse sample, exceeding the 44% set minimum; and an attrition rate of 21.6%, less than 51% set maximum. Through an iterative evaluation process, the innovation evolved to a targeted hybrid approach revolving around client goals and a core set of co‐created reference tools, supplemental tools and resources. Operationalisation by use of tools was implemented to create spaces for client‐provider collaborations. Monitoring of organisational changes identified realignment of practices. Changes were made to procedures and operations to further spread and sustain the model.ConclusionThis study demonstrated how self‐management support can be implemented, within existing resources, for routine delivery of specialised services for individuals living with schizophrenia. The model holds promise as a hybrid option for supporting clients to manage their own health and wellness.
Determination of dexamethasone dose for cortisol suppression in adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Phillips Kimberley A. , Lopez Matthew , Salmon Adam B. , Ross Corinna N. , Abbott David H. , Capitanio John P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe conducted a dose–response study of dexamethasone to investigate an optimal dexamethasone suppression test for common marmosets. Twelve marmosets received 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg dexamethasone. Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg both suppressed endogenous cortisol for at least 18 h with greater individual variability in the lower 0.5 mg/kg dose.
Prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality in the prison population: A systematic review
Authors: Sheppard Nia , Hogan Lee 
Published: July 2022

SummaryInsomnia is a public health concern with several associated negative health‐related outcomes. Risk factors for insomnia place the prison population at an increased risk of inadequate sleep. This paper systematically reviewed the literature reporting on the prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality in the prison population. Following a comprehensive database search and screening process, 12 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Six studies provided prevalence rates for insomnia and nine for poor sleep quality. Varied prevalence rates were found for insomnia (i.e. 26.2%–72.5%) and poor sleep quality (i.e. 42.8%–88.2%). Evaluation of the prevalence rates revealed varied measurement of sleep quality, inconsistent parameters of standardised measures, and methodological heterogeneity. Other considerations were given to geographical differences, the use of self‐report data, gender difference, environmental factors and comorbidities of insomnia. The review highlighted an increase in the quantity of studies and some improved quality; although the findings were highly variable, in the main, inadequate sleep amongst prisoners was higher than the general population. Limitations of the review and implications for further research are discussed.
Hepatitis B e antigen and e antibody in a multi‐ethnic cohort of adult chronic hepatitis B virus patients followed at a single liver unit for a period of 20 years
Authors: Mutimer David , Elsharkawy Ahmed , Hathorn Emma , Arunkumar Selvi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) loss and the appearance of antibodies to HBeAg (anti‐HBe) are favourable events in the history of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection. Most CHB patients have the HBeAg/anti‐HBe profiles +/− or −/+, and little is published on the derivation or fate of the +/+ and −/− profiles. We have used electronically accessible patient data to study the HBeAg and anti‐HBe profiles of a multi‐ethnic cohort of adult HBV patients seen at a single centre over a period of more than 20 years. 3594 HBsAg‐positive patients were identified and patients with viral coinfection or acute HBV infection were excluded. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of HBeAg/anti‐HBe status were undertaken. Compared with White or Black patients, Chinese and Asian patients are more likely to be HBeAg positive during child‐bearing years. Patients with +/+ profile are likely to undergo HBeAg loss and seroconversion during relatively short follow‐up. Chinese patients have a relatively increased rate of seroconversion. For HBeAg‐positive patients, the risk of seroconversion diminishes with advancing age. Despite HBeAg loss, seroconversion is seldom observed after age 60 years. The proportion of HBV patients with −/− increases with age, and most acquire this profile by HBeAg loss but without antecedent seroconversion. −/− patients can lose HBsAg and develop anti‐HBs. It was not possible to demonstrate a favourable impact of antiviral treatment on the rate of HBeAg seroconversion.
Differential immune response to xenobiotic‐modified self‐molecule in simple and connective tissue disease‐associated primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Ge Shangqing , Xu Qinyao , Li Haiyan , Shao Tihong , Zhong Feng , Leung Patrick S. C. , Shuai Zongwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOur previous studies demonstrated that 2‐octynoic acid (2OA) might alter the conformational structure of the inner lipoic acid (LA) binding domain (ILD) in the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC‐E2), leading to the loss of immune tolerance in simple primary biliary cholangitis (S‐PBC). Here, we further explore if this etiological mechanism also accounts for connective tissue disease‐associated PBC (CTD‐PBC).MethodsIntein‐mediated protein ligation was used to prepare ILD, LA‐ILD and 2OA‐ILD, and their reactivity with serum samples from 124 S‐PBC and 132 CTD‐PBC patients was examined. The antibodies to LA, 2OA, LA‐ILD and 2OA‐ILD, the isotypes of antibodies to LA, 2OA and ILD, were comparatively detected between the two patient groups by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting.ResultsBoth the percentage and reactivity of antibody to 2OA in S‐PBC were significantly higher than in CTD‐PBC. Antibodies to 2OA and to LA between the two groups separately shared the same characteristics. Remarkably, coexistence of the antibodies to LA‐ILD and to 2OA, and coexistence of the antibodies to LA and to 2OA in S‐PBC were both significantly more frequent than in CTD‐PBC, whereas the percentage of anti‐LA antibody without anti‐2OA antibody in S‐PBC was markedly lower than in CTD‐PBC. Moreover, the isotype of antibody to LA was predominantly IgG in CTD‐PBC, whilst this isotype was mainly IgM in S‐PBC.ConclusionXenobiotic 2OA might play less important pathogenic role in CTD‐PBC than in S‐PBC, suggesting that different underlying mechanisms are involved in their immune intolerance to PDC‐E2.
Photoacoustic imaging for microcirculation
Authors: Mirg Shubham , Turner Kevin L. , Chen Haoyang , Drew Patrick J. , Kothapalli Sri‐Rajasekhar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrocirculation facilitates the blood‐tissue exchange of nutrients and regulates blood perfusion. It is, therefore, essential in maintaining tissue health. Aberrations in microcirculation are potentially indicative of underlying cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Thus, quantitative information about it is of great clinical relevance. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a capable technique that relies on the generation of imaging contrast via the absorption of light and can image at micron‐scale resolution. PAI is especially desirable to map microvasculature as hemoglobin strongly absorbs light and can generate a photoacoustic signal. This paper reviews the current state of the art for imaging microvascular networks using photoacoustic imaging. We further describe how quantitative information about blood dynamics such as the total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood flow rate is obtained using PAI. We also discuss its importance in understanding key pathophysiological processes in neurovascular, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and cancer research fields. We then discuss the current challenges and limitations of PAI and the approaches that can help overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide the reader with an overview of future trends in the field of PAI for imaging microcirculation.
Comparison of features and outcomes between HIV‐negative patients with Cryptococcus gattii meningitis and Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in South China
Authors: Su Xiao‐Hong , Li Wei‐Peng , Liu Jun‐Yu , Wang Yi‐Jie , Liu Jia , Xu Xiao‐Feng , Yang Lu , Xia Han , Jiang Ying , Peng Fu‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to compare the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features, and outcomes in patients with Cryptococcus gattii meningitis (CGM) and Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis (CNM).MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of HIV‐negative patients with CGM and CNM (2015–2021) distinguished by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing in cerebrospinal fluid in South China.ResultsA total of 81 patients (17 CGM, 64 CNM) were enrolled (72.8% male, median age 49 years, range 21–77 years), and CGM patients were younger (median, 43 vs 53 years, p = .005). Of 17 CGM, VGI and VGII accounted for 70.6% and 29.4%, respectively. CGM patients had less underlying diseases (7/17 [41.2%] vs 48/64 [75%], p = .018) and focal neurologic deficit (3/17 [17.6%] vs 35/64 [54.7%], p = .022), had higher intracranial pressure (15/17 [88.2%] vs 25/64 [39.1%], p = .002), more meningeal enhancement (14/17 [82.4%] vs 32/64 [50%], p = .034), less parenchymal involvement (median, 1 vs 3, p = .018), more lung cryptococcomas (6/12 [50%] vs 6/47 [12.8%], p = .014), faster CSF fungal clearance (p = .004), less complications (median, 1 vs 3, p < .001), and more favourable outcomes (16/17 [94.1%] vs 41/64 [64.1%], p = .035).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that species identification helps to guide therapy and predict outcomes.
Implementation of an electroencephalogram‐guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice
Authors: Yuan Ian , Missett Richard M. , Jones‐Oguh Sheri , Massa Christopher B. , Babus Lenard W. , Garcia‐Marcinkiewicz Annery G. , Daly Guris Rodrigo J. , Johnson Gregory , McClung‐Pasqualino Heather , Sequera‐Ramos Luis , Iyer Rajeev Subramanyam , Kurth Charles D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPropofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly popular in pediatric anesthesia, but education on its use is variable and over‐dosage adverse events are not uncommon. Recent work suggests that electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters can guide propofol dosing in the pediatric population. This education quality improvement project aimed to implement a standardized EEG TIVA training program over 12 months in a large pediatric anesthesia division.MethodsThe division consisted of 63 faculty, 11 clinical fellows, 32 residents, and 28 nurse anesthetists at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The program was assessed for effectiveness (a significant improvement in EEG knowledge scores), scalability (training 50% of fellows and staff), and sustainability (recurring EEG lectures for 80% of rotating residents and 100% of new fellows and staff). The key drivers included educational content development (lectures, articles, and hand‐outs), training a cohort of EEG TIVA trainers, intraoperative teaching (teaching points and dosing tables), decision support tools (algorithms and anesthesia electronic record pop‐ups), and knowledge tests (written exam and verbal quiz during cases).ResultsOver 12 months, 78.5% of the division (62/79) completed EEG training and test scores improved (mean score 38% before training vs 59% after training, p < .001). Didactic lectures were given to 100% of the fellows, 100% (11/11) of new staff, and 80% (4/5 blocks) of rotating residents.ConclusionThis quality improvement education project successfully trained pediatric anesthesia faculty, staff, residents, and fellows in EEG‐guided TIVA. The training program was effective, scalable, and sustainable over time for newly hired faculty staff and rotating fellows and residents.
Portfolio value‐at‐risk estimation for spot chartering decisions under changing trade patterns: A copula approach
Authors: Bai Xiwen , Lam Jasmine Siu Lee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvolving geopolitical relationships between countries (especially between China and the United States) in recent years have highlighted dynamically changing trade patterns across the globe, all of which elevate risk and uncertainty for transport service providers. In order to mitigate risks, shipowners and operators must be able to estimate risks appropriately; one potentially promising method of doing so is through the value‐at‐risk (VaR) method. VaR describes the worst loss a portfolio is likely to sustain, which will not be exceeded over a target time horizon at a given level of confidence. This article proposes a copula‐based GARCH model to estimate the joint multivariate distribution, which is a key component in VaR estimation. We show that the copula model can capture the VaR more successfully, as compared with the traditional method of calculation. As an empirical study, the expected portfolio VaR is examined when a shipowner chooses among Panamax soybean trading routes under a condition of reduced trade volumes between the United States and China due to the ongoing trade turmoil. This study serves as one of the very few papers in the literature on shipping portfolio VaR analysis. The results have significant implications for shipowners regarding fleet repositioning, decision making, and risk management.
U–Pb geochronology and clumped isotope thermometry study of Neoproterozoic dolomites from China
Authors: Jiang Lei , Shen Anjiang , Wang Zichen , Hu Anping , Wang Yongsheng , Luo Xianying , Liang Feng , Azmy Karem , Pan Liyin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe higher abundance of dolomite in the Neoproterozoic compared with that of the Phanerozoic has been linked to elevated marine Mg/Ca ratios, and a hypothesized ‘dolomite sea’ that promoted widespread syn‐sedimentary fibrous dolomite cement precipitation. This article provides new uranium–lead (U–Pb) chronology, clumped isotope thermometry (TΔ47), combined with δ13C and δ18O, and trace element geochemistry measurements for different types of dolomite, including bulk dolomite matrix (BD), fibrous dolomite cements (DC1) and late sparry dolomite cements (DC2 and DC3), in three Neoproterozoic dolostone profiles from China. The Ediacaran U–Pb ages coupled with nearly identical, low TΔ47 temperatures (average at ca 55‐60°C) for BD and DC1 dolomites, imply that these dolomites were either syn‐depositional or early diagenetic. Some DC1 dolomites yield slightly younger (ca 20 to 50 Ma) U–Pb ages than the BD dolomites, suggesting that they were diagenetic products formed after matrix dolomitization. The estimates of δ18Owater values for dolomitizing fluids suggest that both DC1 and BD dolomites were precipitated from highly evaporated seawater. In contrast, DC2 and DC3 dolomites filling in vugs and fractures have much younger U–Pb ages (mostly <525 Ma), higher TΔ47 temperatures (>95°C), and lower Sr and U contents, which is consistent with the paragenetic sequence that they were deeper burial diagenetic products. A synthesized diagenetic model with evaporative dolomitizing water evolved from anoxic, ferruginous to sub‐oxic and/or oxic, non‐ferruginous conditions is responsible for the decrease of Fe and Mn concentrations in global DC1 and BD dolomites throughout Neoproterozoic time. This study suggests that the widely distributed Neoproterozoic fibrous dolomite cements may be a later diagenetic feature, and thus calls into question their use in palaeoclimate reconstruction and as a principal line of evidence for the Neoproterozoic ‘dolomite sea’ hypothesis.
An applied statistics teaching lesson that uses NBA playoff data to illustrate uncertainty in sporting contests
Authors: Lumbantobing Rotua , McFall Todd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we offer a teaching lesson on combinatorics and binary outcomes that utilizes real‐world data. The focus of the lesson is to teach students how to analyze the effects of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 2003 decision to extend the first round of its postseason from a best‐of‐five series of games to a best‐of‐seven series using combinatorics and ideas about binary outcomes. Students conjecture how much longer series will make less certain the outcomes of these series and then use the 27 years of first‐round series results we provide to evaluate their conjectures on how series results have changed since 2003. After finishing this lesson, students will have a firmer grasp on applying combinatorics and binary outcomes to real‐world situations. This lesson is compatible with both traditional and remote classes and can be extended to other sports, making it a lesson for all academic seasons.
Practice patterns of ABO‐matching for cryoprecipitate and patient outcomes after ABO‐compatible versus incompatible cryoprecipitate
Authors: Raycraft Tyler , Bartoszko Justyna , Karkouti Keyvan , Callum Jeannie , Lin Yulia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis sub‐study of the FIBRES trial sought to examine the patterns of ABO‐compatible cryoprecipitate administration and to identify adverse consequences of ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate.Materials and MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of data collected from the FIBRES randomized clinical trial comparing fibrinogen concentrate with cryoprecipitate in the treatment of bleeding related to hypofibrinogenemia after cardiac surgery. The primary outcome was the percentage of administered cryoprecipitate that was ABO‐compatible. Secondary outcomes were adverse events at 28 days. A follow‐up survey was distributed to the FIBRES participating sites to examine the rationale behind the identified cryoprecipitate ABO‐matching practice patterns.ResultsA total of 363 patients were included: 53 (15%) received ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate and 310 (85%) received ABO‐compatible cryoprecipitate. There was an increased incidence of post‐operative anaemia in the ABO‐incompatible group (15; 28.3%) in comparison to the ABO‐compatible (44; 14.2%) group (p = 0.01) at 28 days, which was unrelated to haemolysis, without a significant difference in transfusion requirement. In the multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering by site, there was no observed statistically significant association between the administration of ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate and any other adverse outcomes. Nine out of 11 sites did not have a policy requiring ABO‐matched cryoprecipitate.ConclusionThis sub‐study demonstrated that most cryoprecipitate administered in practice is ABO‐compatible, despite the absence of guidelines or blood bank policies to support this practice. A signal towards increased risk of post‐operative anaemia may be explained by higher rates of urgent surgery (vs. elective) in the ABO‐incompatible group. Future studies should prospectively examine the impact of ABO‐compatible versus incompatible cryoprecipitate to conclusively establish if there is a meaningful clinical impact associated with the administration of ABO‐incompatible cryoprecipitate.