bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Flow Map Reconstruction
Authors: Sahoo S. , Lu Y. , Berger M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we present a reconstruction technique for the reduction of unsteady flow data based on neural representations of time‐varying vector fields. Our approach is motivated by the large amount of data typically generated in numerical simulations, and in turn the types of data that domain scientists can generate in situ that are compact, yet useful, for post hoc analysis. One type of data commonly acquired during simulation are samples of the flow map, where a single sample is the result of integrating the underlying vector field for a specified time duration. In our work, we treat a collection of flow map samples for a single dataset as a meaningful, compact, and yet incomplete, representation of unsteady flow, and our central objective is to find a representation that enables us to best recover arbitrary flow map samples. To this end, we introduce a technique for learning implicit neural representations of time‐varying vector fields that are specifically optimized to reproduce flow map samples sparsely covering the spatiotemporal domain of the data. We show that, despite aggressive data reduction, our optimization problem — learning a function‐space neural network to reproduce flow map samples under a fixed integration scheme — leads to representations that demonstrate strong generalization, both in the field itself, and using the field to approximate the flow map. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis across different datasets we show that our approach is an improvement across a variety of data reduction methods, and across a variety of measures ranging from improved vector fields, flow maps, and features derived from the flow map.
Exploring How Visualization Design and Situatedness Evoke Compassion in the Wild
Authors: Morais L. , Andrade N. , Sousa D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work explores how the design and situatedness of data representations affect people's compassion with a case study concerning harassment episodes in a public place. Results contribute to advancing the understanding of how visualizations can evoke emotions and their impact on prosocial behaviors, such as helping people in need. Recent literature examined the effect of different on‐screen data representations on emotion or prosociality, but little has been done concerning visualizations shown in a public place — especially a space contextually relevant to the data — or presented through unconventional media formats such as physical marks. We conducted two in‐the‐wild studies to investigate how different factors affect people's self‐reported compassion and intention to donate. We compared three ways of presenting data about the harassment cases: (1) communicating data only verbally; (2) using a printed poster with aggregated information; and (3) using a physicalization with detailed information about each story. We found that the physicalization influenced people to donate more than only hearing about the data, but it is unclear if the same applied to the poster visualization. Also, passers‐by reported a likely small increase in compassion when they saw the physicalization instead of the poster. We also examined the role of situatedness by showing the physicalization in a site that is not contextually relevant to the data. Our results suggest that people had a similar intention to donate and levels of compassion in both places. Those findings may indicate that using specific visualization designs to support campaigns about sensitive causes (e.g., sexual harassment) can increase the emotional response of passers‐by and may motivate them to help, independently of where the data representation is shown. Finally, this work also informs on the strengths and weaknesses of using research in the wild to evaluate data visualizations in public spaces.
VIBE: A Design Space for VIsual Belief Elicitation in Data Journalism
Authors: Mahajan Shambhavi , Chen Bonnie , Karduni Alireza , Kim Yea‐Seul , Wall Emily 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe process of forming, expressing, and updating beliefs from data plays a critical role in data‐driven decision making. Effectively eliciting those beliefs has potential for high impact across a broad set of applications, including increased engagement with data and visualizations, personalizing visualizations, and understanding users' visual reasoning processes, which can inform improved data analysis and decision making strategies (e.g., via bias mitigation). Recently, belief‐driven visualizations have been used to elicit and visualize readers' beliefs in a visualization alongside data in narrative media and data journalism platforms such as the New York Times and FiveThirtyEight. However, there is little research on different aspects that constitute designing an effective belief‐driven visualization. In this paper, we synthesize a design space for belief‐driven visualizations based on formative and summative interviews with designers and visualization experts. The design space includes 7 main design considerations, beginning with an assumed data set, then structured according to: from who, why, when, what, and how the belief is elicited, and the possible feedback about the belief that may be provided to the visualization viewer. The design space covers considerations such as the type of data parameter with optional uncertainty being elicited, interaction techniques, and visual feedback, among others. Finally, we describe how more than 24 existing belief‐driven visualizations from popular news media outlets span the design space and discuss trends and opportunities within this space.
Effect of dentine site on resin and cement adaptation tested using X‐ray and electron microscopy to evaluate bond durability and adhesive interfaces
Authors: Weerakoon Arosha Tania , Cooper Crystal , Sokolowski Kamil Andrzej , Meyers Ian Arthur , Thomson David , Ford Pauline Jane , Sexton Christopher , Symons Anne Louise 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlass ionomer (GI) cements and self‐etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth (deep/shallow), location (central/peripheral), and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular). To directly compare adhesion to dentine, non‐destructive imaging and testing are required. Here, GI, ER, and SE adapted at different dentine depths, locations, and sites were investigated using micro‐CT, xenon plasma focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (Xe PFIB‐SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Extracted molars were prepared to deep or shallow slices and treated with the three adhesives. Micro‐CT was used to compare changes to air volume gaps, following thermocycling, and statistically analysed using a quantile regression model and Fisher's exact test. The three adhesives performed similarly across dentine depths and locations, yet no change or overall increases and decreases in gaps at all dentine depths and locations were measured. The Xe PFIB‐SEM‐milled dentine‐adhesive interfaces facilitated high‐resolution characterization, and element profiling revealed variations across the tooth‐material interfaces. Dentine depth and location had no impact on adhesive durability, although microscopic differences were observed. Here we demonstrate how micro‐CT and Xe PFIB‐SEM can be used to compare variable dental materials without complex multi‐stage specimen preparation to minimize artefacts.
The effect of season, management and endocrinopathies on vitamin D status in horses
Authors: Dosi Miranda C. M. C. , McGorum Bruce C. , Kirton Roxane D. , Cillán‐García Eugenio , Mellanby Richard J. , Keen John A. , Hurst Emma A. , Morgan Ruth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common in humans and is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome. The biology of vitamin D in horses is poorly described; the relative contribution of the diet and skin synthesis to circulating concentrations is unclear and associations with the endocrine disease have not been explored.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between management, season and endocrine disease and vitamin D status in horses.Study designCross‐sectional cohort study.MethodsPlasma concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2(25(OH)D2) and D3(25(OH)D3) were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in 34 healthy unsupplemented grazing ponies and 22 stabled Thoroughbreds receiving supplementary vitamin D3in feed. A nested group of 18 grazing ponies were sampled on long and short days (>12 and <12 h of light/day) to determine the effect of sunlight exposure. In addition, the relationships between age, sex, adiposity, serum insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and vitamin D status were assessed in a mixed group of 107 horses using a linear regression model.ResultsAll animals had a measurable level of 25(OH)D2(median 10.7 nmol/L) whilst 25(OH)D3was only detected in Thoroughbreds receiving D3supplementation. Thoroughbreds had lower concentrations of 25(OH)D2than ponies (7.4 vs. 12.6 nmol/L,p < 0.01). In grazing ponies, 25(OH)D2concentrations were significantly higher on long days compared to short days (14.4 vs. 8.7 nmol/L,p < 0.01), whilst 25(OH)D3was undetectable. Measures of increased adiposity, but not basal insulin, were associated with higher 25(OH)D2concentrations, conversely to humans. Increasing ACTH was associated with lower 25(OH)D2(p < 0.01).Main limitationsVitamin D2concentrations were not measured in grass or forage.ConclusionsIn horses 25(OH)D2is the predominant vitamin D metabolite, and there is an apparent lack of endogenous vitamin D3production. The relationship between vitamin D and endocrine disorders in horses does not reflect that of other species and warrants further investigation.
Imiquimod‐induced ex vivo model of psoriatic human skin via interleukin‐17A signalling of T cells and Langerhans cells
Authors: Carlos Eduarda Cristina da Silva , Cristovão Gabrielly Alves , Silva Alcimar Alves , Ribeiro Bianca Cristina de Santos , Romana‐Souza Bruna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral in vitro models have been developed to study the mechanisms involved in psoriasis and to screen new antipsoriatic drugs. However, most of them use single‐cell or reconstructed human skin models that did not have complex anatomy of human skin. Thus, this study aimed to create a new model of psoriasis‐like dermatitis using human skin under in vitro conditions. To perform this, human skin explants were topically treated with imiquimod (IMQ) or vehicle for 2, 3 or 6 consecutive days. Some explants were treated with an anti‐psoriatic drug or antibody anti‐interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A). Topical application of IMQ increased total epidermal area, epidermal proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation at 3, 4 or 7 days. The protein levels of CD3 were augmented in the IMQ‐treated human skin explants at 7 days reflecting the activation of T cells. Topical IMQ promoted a higher protein and mRNA levels of IL‐17A in human skin ex vivo. Immunofluorescence analysis showed CD207‐positive Langerhans cells (LCs) and CD3‐positive T cells expressing IL‐17A in IMQ‐treated human skin explants at 7 days. In addition, administration of antibody anti‐IL‐17A or an anti‐psoriatic drug inhibited IMQ‐induced increase in the epidermal thickness in ex vivo human skin at 7 days. In conclusion, topical IMQ application promotes epidermal changes in ex vivo human skin that resemble to human psoriatic skin lesions. Moreover, IMQ‐induced production of IL‐17 by LCs and T cells is critical to development of psoriasis‐like inflammation in our model. This new model is suitable for in vitro screening of antipsoriatic drugs.
Deacetylation kinetics of promising energy crops, hemp and kenaf, for cellulosic ethanol production
Authors: Ju Yebin , Kim In Jung , Kim Suhyeung , Olawuyi Ibukunoluwa Fola , Kim Kyung‐Min , Kim Soo Rin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLignocellulosic hydrolysates contain acetic acid derived from hemicellulose. Acetate released during acid pretreatment interferes with enzymatic saccharification of the biomass and inhibits yeast fermentation, caused by cellular oxidation and stress. This study used alkaline deacetylation prior to acid pretreatment and evaluated its influence on the fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using two different lignocellulosic biomasses, hemp (Cannabis sativa) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus). They are valuable for biofuel production. The maximal acetate removal with minimal sugar loss was obtained with 1% (w/v) NaOH treatment for both biomasses. Deacetylation pretreatment under this condition was effective both in enzymatic saccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. This resulted in improved ethanol production by xylose‐consuming yeast (S. cerevisiae SR8) by removing 4.7 g/L of acetate from hemp and 6.3 g/L from kenaf, thus resulting in the ethanol productivities of 0.79 and 0.67 g/L‐h from hemp and kenaf, respectively. This suggests that strategies to overcome acetate inhibition are necessary to efficiently use the lignocellulosic biomass as a source for bioenergy production.
Direct and indirect interactions between biochar properties, plant belowground traits, and plant performance
Authors: Honvault Nicolas , Nobile Cécile , Faucon Michel‐Pierre , Firmin Stéphane , Houben David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiochar is more and more widely recognized as a promising agricultural amendment improving yield and ecosystem services in a range of different contexts. However, underlying mechanisms contributing to biochars benefits, notably biochar–root interactions, and their mediation by biochar's diverse properties remain unclear and poorly quantified. This study aimed to examine and quantify the interactions between biochar properties and plant traits and their effect on plant performance. To gain a better understanding of biochar–plant interactions and their role in biochar overall effects, biochars with contrasted physical and chemical properties were applied to soils during a 3‐month greenhouse experiment with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley biomass as well as several belowground morphological and physiological traits and aboveground traits related to nutrient acquisition were measured. A multivariate structural modeling approach was employed to quantify interactions between biochar properties and plant traits, and their feedback effect on plant biomass. Interactions between biochar chemical and physical properties and barley carboxylate release rate and their contribution to biochar effects were underlined. Among the plant traits examined the release of carboxylate appears as the best proxy to plant biomass following biochar addition, highlighting sparsely reported interactions between total carboxylate release rates and biochar ash content. Multivariate structural modeling offered elements of understanding for the complex interconnected mechanisms involved in biochar influence and their relative contribution. Adopting this approach across a wide range of species and contexts could contribute to ensure more reliable biochar benefits.
The association of the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence with physical and cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Shoji Takuro , Fujii Yuya , Tateoka Korin , Tsuji Taishi , Okura Tomohiro 
Published: August 2022

AimTo investigate the association of the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence with physical and cognitive functions in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis study used the data of 565 community‐dwelling adults aged ≥65 years (mean age: 74.3 ± 5.2 years) from the Kasama Health Checkup for Longevity survey in Japan. The Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence was used to comprehensively evaluate the higher‐level functional capacity and subscale functional capacity: technology usage, information practice, life management and social engagement. Physical functions were assessed using grip strength, the five‐repetition sit‐to‐stand test, 5‐m habitual walking test, one‐leg standing test and hand working test with a pegboard. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Five‐Cog test consisting of attention, memory ability, visuospatial function, language ability and reasoning ability. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between total Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence score and physical and cognitive functions.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, the total Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence score was favorably associated with static balance ability (β = 0.09; B = 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.02), lower limb strength (β = −0.19; B = −0.29; 95% confidence interval: −0.41 to −0.16), walking ability (β = −0.15; B = −0.67; 95% confidence interval: −1.05 to −0.30), hand dexterity (β = −0.13; B = −0.08; 95% confidence interval: −0.14 to −0.03) and overall cognitive function (β = 0.28; B = 0.04; 95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.05).ConclusionsPhysical and cognitive functions are important for maintaining higher‐level functional capacity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 753–758.
A prospective multicenter study on cutaneous reactions reported after SinopharmCOVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Shawky Ahmed , Elrewiny Emad M. , Gharib Khaled , Sallam Manar , Mansour Mofreh , Rageh Mahmoud A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe new coronavirus COVID‐19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on global health and economic growth. A widely used vaccine is the weakened inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus (Sinopharm). Following major SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination campaigns, cutaneous symptoms are on the rise.MethodsThis study is a prospective observational study evaluating cutaneous reactions and time of recovery after Sinopharm vaccination. The cases involved were over the age of 18. The data were anonymized. On the registry's vaccine section, we tracked vaccination dates, skin reactions, and recovery times. All respondents who reported only a cutaneous reaction to the first vaccination dose received a follow‐up contact asking about a second vaccination dose cutaneous reaction.ResultsThe study included 4560 cases. The mean age of all studied cases was 41.2 ± 6.1 years. There were dermatologic complications in 1190 patients (26.1%). There was induration at the injection site in 495 patients (10.9%), urticaria in 210 patients (4.6%), morbilliform eruption in 375 patients (8.2%), flare of skin site in 105 patients (2.3%), and angioedema in 105 patients (2.3%). The mean recovery days in all studied patients were 2.92 ± 0.94 days with a minimum recovery period of 2 days and a maximum of 7 days.ConclusionsBecause Sinopharm's cutaneous reactions are frequently mild and self‐limiting, vaccination should not be discouraged based on these findings. If the first vaccine dose creates a cutaneous reaction, there is no need to skip the second dose.
Evaluation of the effect of sage seed gum (Salvia macrosiphon) conjugation on physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of egg white protein
Authors: Ghani Ali , Tabibiazar Mahnaz , Mahmoudzadeh Maryam , Golchinfar Zahra , Rad Aziz Homayouni 
Published: August 2022

SummarySage seed gum (SSG), a galactomannan hydrocolloid, possesses excellent thickening, stabilising and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SSG conjugation on the functional, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of EWP. EWP‐SSG conjugates were prepared by dry heat treatment of EWP‐SSG mixture at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 3‐, 5‐, 7‐ and 10‐day incubation. Interaction of reducing‐end SSG with amino groups of EWP was confirmed by melanoidin compounds content, free amino groups (FAG), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated solubility, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsification activity index and emulsification stability index remarkably increased after 5 days of incubation. Conjugation led to enhanced antimicrobial activity in 10‐day conjugated samples, so higher antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus was obtained compared with antibiotic disc. Comparison of emulsions (O/W) stabilised by 5‐day conjugate, EWP‐SSG mixture and unmodified EWP revealed better physical stability behaviour in 5‐day conjugate against ionic, pH and thermal stresses, suggesting its potential application in different food processing conditions. The findings showed dry heat‐treated SSG‐EWP conjugate could enhance the functional, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of EWP.
Gender differences in the experience of burnout and its correlates among Chinese psychiatric nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A large‐sample nationwide survey
Authors: Zhang Ling , Li Mengdie , Yang Yating , Xia Lei , Min Kaiyuan , Liu Tingfang , Liu Yuanli , Kaslow Nadine J. , Liu Daphne Y. , Tang Yi‐lang , Jiang Feng , Liu Huanzhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsychiatric nurses often experience burnout and other mental health symptoms. However, few studies have examined these phenomena and gender‐specific associated factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We surveyed a national sample of psychiatric nurses (N = 8971) from 41 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China as part of a large national survey conducted during the pandemic. The Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Service Survey was used to assess burnout and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 was used to assess mental health symptoms. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with burnout in the entire sample and separately by gender. The overall prevalence of burnout was 27.27%, with the rate in male psychiatric nurses (32.24%) being significantly higher than that in female psychiatric nurses (25.97%). Many key demographic factors (such as the male gender and marital status), work‐related variables (such as a mid‐level professional title, having an administrative position, longer working hours, more monthly night shifts, and the perceived negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical work) were significantly associated with burnout in the whole sample. Moreover, burnout was associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the whole sample. Gender‐specific factors associated with burnout were also identified: burnout was associated with night shifts in male psychiatric nurses, whereas it was associated with single or married marital status, a mid‐level professional title, and having an administrative position among female psychiatric nurses. The high rates of burnout and mental health symptoms in psychiatric nurses need attention from hospital administrators. While mental health symptoms, longer working hours, and the perceived impact of COVID‐19 are associated with burnout in both genders, gender‐specific factors also warrant special attention when developing gender‐specific interventions.