bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellbore Stability Analysis in an Offshore High-Pressure High-Temperature Gas Field Revealed Lost Times Due to Lack of Well Trajectory Optimization
Authors: Ashena Rahman , Roohi Abbas , Ghalambor Ali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Wellbore stability (WBS) problems causes excessive lost times and cost during drilling. Drilling 10 development wells in an offshore high pressure high temperature (HPHT) gas field showed different non-productive time (NPT) values due to different severity of WBS issues such as kick flows, lost circulation, tight holes, stuck pipes which are responsible for repeated reaming, fishing and sidetracking. To reveal the reasons for the different severity of WBS problems in the studied wells and enhance future drilling, this work focused its investigation on the geomechanical modeling and WBS analysis.
The results of the constructed geomechanical model show that well trajectory parameters of azimuth and inclination angle have crucial effects on the safe mud weight window and the consequent WBS problems. The stable mud weight window decreases as the borehole deviation increases, the maximum allowable inclination angle was determined as 50 degrees; otherwise, severe WBS issues are expected during drilling. The well azimuth showed to have trivial effect on the breakout mud weight, whereas the breakdown mud weight is significantly greater in wells drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress (NW-SE). Therefore, as safe mud weight windows are broader in wells with NW-SE, it is expected that such wells have greater wellbore stability than wells drilled in other directions. Therefore, the different extent of the actual field WBS issues in the studied wells was attributed to their well trajectories, in accordance with the WBS analysis.
Optimization of wellbore trajectory parameters while taking into account reservoir targets are recommended for future drilling in HPHT fields. This would contribute to reducing WBS problems and NPT for subsequent drilling jobs and finally contribute to more efficient drilling operations.
A Comprehensive Validation Methodology for Benchmarking Polymeric Chemistries for Controlling and Inhibiting C60+ Paraffin Waxes in Shale Oils
Authors: Pontifes Antonio , Iwasiw Alexis , Trevino Eric , Mahmoudkhani Amir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent developments in sampling and analytical techniques have enabled scientists to identify and track compositional changes in the molecular weights of paraffin hydrocarbons in organics rich shales wells towards higher molecular weight paraffin hydrocarbons. High molecular weight carbon chains (HMWCs) are generally regarded as the problematic hydrocarbons as they have the highest tendency to precipitate, deposit, and restrict flow in near wellbore zones, flowlines, valves, and chocks. This paper presents a systematic laboratory approach for monitoring and screening for of C60+paraffin waxes in shale oils and field deposits. A comprehensive validation methodology for benchmarking polymeric chemistries in laboratory for controlling and inhibiting C61 – C100 paraffin waxes is discussed based on the results from gas chromatography analysis (GC), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DCS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and cold finger wax deposit testing. Modes of action of four polymeric chemistries are discussed based on laboratory data. Results showed none of the polymeric compounds performed as wax crystal modifiers for C60+paraffins, but more likely did disperse C60+wax crystals to some degree. This leads to the alarming conclusion that use of some paraffin inhibitors could lead to a much severe wax deposition when higher amounts of very large paraffin molecules are present in reservoir hydrocarbons. A plausible theory is proposed based on the "folded chain model" and common understanding of how polymeric inhibitors interact with paraffin wax molecules. It was found that model oil systems are more realistic for suitable to screening existing and new inhibitor chemistries for wax control and management when very high molecular weight paraffin molecules are present.
Frac Fluid induced Damage in Tight Sands and Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Li Shuai , Cai Bo , He Chunming , Gao Yuebin , Wang Jia , Yan Fei , Liu Yuting , Yu Tianxi , Zhong Xiaojun , Cheng Ning , Zhang Haoyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the hydraulic fracturing of tight sands and shale reservoirs, ten thousands cubic meters of frac fluids were pumped into formation, while only 6-30% can be recovered. Frac fluids imbibed into formation matrix via capillary or forced pressure can cause formation damage, and this has been widely concerned.
In this paper, we firstly reviewed and summarized the main damage mechanisms during the hydraulic fracturing of tight and shale reservoirs, including formation damage induced by fluids invasion, rock-fluids and fluids-fluids incompatibilities, proppants compaction and embedment, clay swelling and fines migration, chemical adsorption and particle dispersion et al. Secondly, we evaluated the formation damage via large-scale rock-block experiment (40cm×10cm×3cm cuboid size). Fluids invasion, water imbibition and flow-back process were carried out at the in-situ pressure condition to simulate the whole procedure of hydraulic fracturing. Liquid recovery and pressure profile obtained via the pressure detecting probes were used as evaluation method. What's more, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were also used to illustrate the inner mechanism, explain the inside fluids distribution and fluids migration characteristics in different hydraulic fracturing procedure.
Results showed that after frac fluid invasion, the rock permeability declined by 8-20%, and the hydrocarbon recovery decline by 25-30%, while the rock permeability can recover 3-12% after 24h's well shut-ins. Well shut-ins can increase rock permeability and this improvement is beneficial to hydrocarbon output in the later flow-back process. At the in-situ pressure condition, 4.3% more kerosene can be recovered than just at the spontaneous imbibition condition. Results also shows that invaded frac fluid forms a ‘water block’ and mainly distributes in macropores and mesopores and forms a water-block near fracture face, increasing capillary discontinuity and blocking seepage channels, while imbibition mechanism can reduce near-fracture water-blocks. A balance of displacement pressure and capillary pressure is crucial to the imbibition mechanism when considering in-situ pressure. The re-migration and distribution of the oil-water phase during the well shut-ins can weaken the water damage effect of the fracture wall, increase the relative permeability of the oil phase, and reduce the discontinuity of the capillary.
Low fluids recovery after hydraulic fracturing would not all do harm to hydrocarbon recovery, sometimes it may help oil and gas extraction. Study of this paper can provide basis for oilfield field engineers to switch oil production choke and flow-back schedule management.
Simulation of Hydrate Particle Deposition in Horizontal Annular Mist Flow
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Pei Jihao , Zhang Jianbo , Gong Zhenggang , Ma Nan 
Published: February 2022

Summary
In the prediction of hydrate deposition, few studies have considered the hydrate particles generated from droplets in the gas core, which makes it difficult to calculate the hydrate particle deposition accurately. Previous studies have introduced the effective deposition ratio (EDR) to predict the hydrate particle deposition from the gas core quantitatively, which simplifies the prediction process. However, a quantitative description of the EDR has not been studied. The current work has established a prediction model of hydrate particle deposition on a pipe wall and developed a method for solving the EDR based on the force analysis and removal mechanism (lifting, rolling, or slipping) of hydrate particles on the horizontal pipe wall in annular mist flow. The effects of gas velocity, pipe diameter, particle size, and other factors on the EDR of hydrate particles were analyzed using the optimized discrete particle model (DPM) in Fluent. The results show that the EDR is inversely proportional to the gas velocity under the comprehensive impacts of the turbulent kinetic energy and gas shear force. Under the influence of the liquid film "wrapping," the EDR rapidly grows and then stabilizes with the increase in particle size. Under the joint influence of the liquid film distribution and forces acting on the particles, the EDR first rapidly declines and then grows with the increase in pipe diameter, and finally tends to be stable. Through regression fitting of more than 700 sets of data, the empirical expression of the EDR of hydrate particles was established for the first time, and the error was within the allowable range in engineering. This work lays a foundation for the accurate calculation of hydrate particle deposition generated from droplets in a gas core.
Nexus Between Macroeconomic Factors and Economic Growth in Palestine: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
Authors: Tabash Mosab I. , Farooq Umar , Safi Samir K. , Shafiq Muhammad Nouman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

All the countries are trying their best to achieve maximum economic prosperity through employing efficient economic strategies. Such countries seem to be conscious of various factors that can potentially affect economic growth. Given that, the current study examines the impact of various macroeconomic factors on the economic growth of Palestine. By employing the large range of quarterly data spanning from 2001 to 2020, the statistical outputs of the ARDL model show that government debt, donations, government expenditures, and unemployment rate adversely impact economic growth. However, other factors including credit facilities, inflation, and total investments positively impinge upon the economic growth of Palestine. Such dynamic impact of various macroeconomic factors displays the detrimental and growth promising role of macroeconomic factors in determining economic prosperity. Our analysis suggests various policy implications to economic policy officials regarding the effectiveness of various factors for economic health. It is further recommended to international agencies working in aid and donations intensive countries to design efficient economic policies that can help such economic in coming out from economic distress.
The Use of Medicinal Plants in Common Ophthalmic Disorders: a Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Ali Hendi , Ahmed Aimun A. E. , Bashir Mahadi , Abdalgadir Haidar , Khalid Asaed , Gul Sheraz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: There is rare information regarding the use of Medicinal Plants For Ocular Diseases. This study aimed to assess and compile the available research articles about medicinal plants used for ocular diseases.Methods: The PICOS as a search term were used to design a clear answerable study question. the studies were retrieved by searching in four selected databases; PubMed, science direct, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), using well-designed and optimized filters. while the Prisma flowchart was applied and the quality of the included studies was assessed. meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean (SM) for included studies for each outcome, using both fixed and random-effect approaches through constructing the relevant forest plot. the heterogeneity of the studies was determined by estimating both Q and I2 parameters. Moreover, the funnel plot was used to test the publication bias.Results: A Prisma flow chart revealed that; a total of 2,949 articles were retrieved, 35 full-text were assessed for eligibility and seven studies (4 observational and 3 experimental) with low to moderate quality were eligible and involved in the systematic review with a total of 600 plants from 4 countries. Among the 600 plants, only 24 (4%); were used to assess the status, both the fixed and random models of the studies proved that, the included studies have a tendency to predict the outcomes for the observational studies (OR= 0.062, CI= 0.043- 0.090 and OR= 0.039, CI= 0.012- 0.122) for different plants used for ocular diseases. High heterogeneity (estimated as I2 =87.078, Tau2 = 1.161 and Q-value =23.217 with p-value of 0.000). whilst for experimental studies (I2 =94.928, Tau2 = 23.211 and Q-value =39.434 with p-value of 0.000) and publication bias were reported.Conclusions: Few articles that represent about 600 plants with low to moderate quality reported the use of medicinal plants for ocular diseases. The meta-analysis confirmed the systematic review findings regarding the plants' traditional use with high heterogeneity and publication bias. A considerable gap was proved towards the use of medicinal plants in ocular diseases that require intensive research.
Normative Measurements of Orbital Structures by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Rana Khizar , Juniat Valerie , Rayan Aaron , Patel Sandy , Selva Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We describe and compare the normative values of orbital structures in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI.Methods: Retrospective review of patients who underwent 3T orbital MRI. The maximum extraocular muscle (EOM) and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) diameters on normal orbits were recorded. The extraocular muscle diameters were summed to produce the sum of all muscles. Results: The normal measurements (mean ± SD) from 141 orbits that had fat suppressed contrast-enhanced MRI: medial rectus (MR), 4.1 ± 0.5 mm; lateral rectus (LR), 3.9 ± 0.7 mm; superior muscle group (SMG), 4.5 ± 0.7 mm; inferior rectus (IR), 4.6 ± 0.7 mm; and SOV, 1.8 ± 0.7 mm. The normal measurement from 84 orbits that had T1-weighted MRI: MR, 4.1 ± 0.5 mm; LR, 3.4 ± 0.6 mm; SMG, 4.3 ± 0.7 mm; IR, 4.6 ± 0.7 mm; SOV, 2.0 ± 0.7 mm. 84 orbits had both MRI sequences performed. The LR, SMG and the sum of all muscles were significantly larger on fat suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI sequence than the T1-weighted sequence (P<0.01), whereas the SOV was significantly larger on the T1-weighted sequence (P<0.01). Conclusion: These data may aid in diagnosing pathological enlargement of the EOMs and SOV on different scan sequences.
Necroptosis-related lncRNAs and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undoubtedly Secret
Authors: Ning Jingyuan , Sun Keran , Fan Xiaoqing , Jia Keqi , Wang Xiaofeng , Ma Cuiqing , Wei Lin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The current study demonstrates that necroptosis is an important mechanism of carcinogenesis. However, the predictive value of necroptosis-associated long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to apply necroptosis-related lncRNAs to construct a predictive signature to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Methods: The clinical and RNA-seq data were downloaded using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was used to screen out suitable necroptosis-related lncRNAs, and then predictive signature was constructed. The TCGA data were randomly divided into high- and low-risk groups, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of the two groups to verify the predictive signature. Finally, a prognostic correlation model for predicting disease-freesurvival （DFS）in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） was constructed and validated.Results: We had screened out 9 necroptosis-related lncRNAs (BACE1-AS, LINC01188, LUCAT1, PI3KCD-AS2, Z83851.1, AC009283.1, AC012360.2, AC015908.3, AC103760.1), which were used to construct a predictive signature, and draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by the high- and low-risk group. It was found that the area under the curve (AUC) of risk score was 0.874, and the AUCs values of 1-,3-,and 5-years were 0.8, 0.759, 0.787. The TCGA data were randomly divided into two cohorts. In two cohorts, The OS of the high-risk groups were significantly lower than that of the low-risk groups, and the AUC of the ROC curves of the two cohorts were 0.851, 0.804, 0.802 and 0.735, 0.716, 0.76 at 1-, 3-, and 5-years. After quantifying immune cell subsets and related functions, it was found that the infiltration of active dendritic cells (aDCs), macrophages, mast cells, natural killer cells (NK), T regulatory cells (Tregs) were significantly different, and the expressions of immune checkpoints CD86, LAIR1, CTLA4, VTCN1, TNFRSF18, CD80, CD276, HHLA2, TNFSF4, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF4, TNFRSF9, LGALS9, HAVCR2 and TNFSF15 were also significantly different.Conclusion: This predictive signature can accurately predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and provide guidance for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Peri-arthroscopic Management of Immunosuppressive Medications in Patients With Rheumatic Disease: A Survey of Practice Trends Among Rheumatologists and Sports Medicine Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Vasavada Kinjal , Jazrawi Laith M. , Samuels Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background/purpose: Rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons frequently collaborate on difficult decisions regarding perioperative management of immunosuppression in rheumatic disease patients, balancing risk of postoperative infection with risk of disease flares. Current evidence-based guidelines pertain specifically to arthroplasty, thus we sought to understand the trends and common practices regarding peri-arthroscopic use of immunosuppression. Methods: Rheumatologists and sports medicine surgeons, from a variety of New York hospitals and serving a broad range of demographics, were surveyed on immunosuppressive medication management in rheumatic disease patients undergoing arthroscopic surgeries. Physicians preferences were elicited regarding the use of common anti-rheumatic medications with the lower risk meniscectomies and the higher risk anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions and allografts. Physicians were asked specifically about peri-arthroscopic use of conventional synthetic disease-modifying drugs (csDMARDs), biologics, and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Results: During the survey period, 25 rheumatologists and 19 sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons completed their respective questionnaires. For lower-risk arthroscopies, rheumatologists favor continuing various csDMARDs (72-100%), biologics (50-64%) and JAK inhibitors (57%), while a majority of surgeons concurred for all 3 drug classes (csDMARDs 63%; biologics 53%; and JAK inhibitors 58%). For higher-risk arthroscopies, most rheumatologists prefer that patients continue csDMARDs (63-100%) but fewer support the use of biologics (28-39%) or JAK inhibitors (22%). Surgeons were more hesitant to endorse any class of immunosuppressive antirheumatic medications (22-27%) around these higher risk surgeries. The rheumatologists were most concerned about surgeries taking place too soon after the last dose of rituximab, recommending these higher risk surgeries not take place for 7.7 ± 8.8 weeks following the last infusion . Conclusion: For lower-risk arthroscopies, most rheumatologists but only about half of orthopedic surgeons prefer patients continuing csDMARDs. Approximately half of both groups prefer patients hold biologics and JAK inhibitors. In more involved arthroscopies, most rheumatologists but few orthopedists support the continued use of csDMARDs, with consensus to hold all other immunosuppression when possible. While the duration medications were held perioperatively were somewhat reflective of the current guidelines for arthroplasty, there is a need for evidence-based guidelines specifically regarding peri-arthroscopy immunosuppression in rheumatic disease patients.
Hybrid Leader Based Optimization: A New Stochastic Optimization Algorithm for Solving Optimization Applications
Authors: Trojovsky Pavel , Dehghani Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new optimization algorithm called Hybrid Leader Based Optimization (HLBO) is introduced that is applicable in optimization challenges. The main idea of ​​HLBO is to guide the algorithm population under the guidance of a hybrid leader. The stages of HLBO are modeled mathematically in two phases of exploration and exploitation. The efficiency of HLBO in optimization is tested in finding solutions to twenty-three standard benchmark functions of different types of unimodal and multimodal. The optimization results of unimodal functions indicate the high exploitation ability of HLBO in local search for better convergence to global optimal, while the optimization results of multimodal functions show the high exploration ability of HLBO in the global search to accurately scan different areas of search space. The quality of the results obtained from HLBO is compared with the results of eight well-known algorithms. The simulation results show the superiority of HLBO in further convergence towards the global solution as well as the passage of optimally localized areas of the search space against eight competitor algorithms. In addition, the implementation of HLBO on four engineering design issues demonstrates the applicability of HLBO in real-world problem solving.
Master Surgical Schedule Planning to Reduce Variability in Post-Operative Ward Bed Demand
Authors: Calegari Rafael , Fogliatto Flavio , Lucini Filipe , Brito João , Yamashita Gabrielli , Anzanello Michel , Tortorella Guilherme , Schaan Beatriz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Peaks in patients’ demand for inward hospitalization usually lead to disruptions in the provision of healthcare, having negative effects on patient and staff satisfaction. The two main sources of ward bed demand are the emergency department and the surgical center; while the former is random by nature, the latter may be managed through proper allocation of surgical specialties to time slots (or blocks) in the center’s timetable (or Master Surgical Schedule – MSS), and efficient scheduling of surgical procedures within time slots across specialties. We propose a three-step method to design an MSS timetable. In step 1, we mine historical data to determine the average duration of surgical procedures and the average length of stay in wards required by each surgical specialty. In step 2, we use a genetic algorithm to determine a good quality timetable that minimizes the ward bed demand variability overall specialties. In step 3, we approximate the new timetable to the one currently in use at the hospital through a refinement heuristic. Our propositions were tested using data from a tertiary public teaching hospital. The resulting timetable reduced post-operative ward bed demand variability by 99.9%, keeping 97% of surgical specialties allocated in their original slots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method for long-term MSS design that reduces post-operative ward bed demand variability and changes in allocations in the current surgical center’s timetable. We innovate by considering the hospital's current timetable to search for solutions promoting minimum changes to the surgical center’s operation.