bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength calculation of eccentrically compressed concrete elements with a composite polymer reinforcement
Authors: Mukhamediev T. A. , Maiorov S. A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. According to experimental data, at a certain design, the strength of eccentrically compressed elements increases due to the work of a composite polymer reinforcement located in a compressed cross-sectional area. However, dependences for calculating the strength of eccentrically compressed elements, represented in acting regulations for the design of concrete structures with a composite polymer reinforcement, appear to be inapplicable for calculating the reinforcement compression stress and, therefore, require refinement.Aim. To develop a methodology for calculating the strength of eccentrically compressed concrete elements with a composite polymer reinforcement, considering the work of the latter in a compressed cross-sectional area.Materials and methods. Considering the work of a reinforcement in the compressed cross-sectional area, the methodology of calculating the strength of eccentrically compressed elements was developed taking into account the positions of current design standards and verified by the data of experimental studies performed by domestic and foreign researchers.Results. The results of methodology reliability tests were obtained using the experimental data of test samples with a carbon, glass, and basalt-plastic reinforcement of various profile types. During the calculation of eccentrically compressed elements using the proposed dependencies for calculating the height of an element compressed cross-sectional area, the accuracy and reliability were established to be comparable with those calculated according to dependencies adopted in current regulations for the design of concrete structures with a composite polymer reinforcement.Conclusions. The proposed dependencies for calculating the height of a compressed cross-sectional area provide the sufficient accuracy of strength calculations for eccentrically compressed concrete elements both with and without taking into account the compression work of a composite polymer reinforcement.
Effects of composite material layering on the buckling mode of a cylindrical shell
Authors: Adegova L. A. , Bobrysheva M. V. , Shcherbinina A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. At present, composite materials are widely used in building structures and their components. The relevance of the work is determined by the buckling study of a shell structure made of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Despite the available experience in creating geometric models of finite element grids and studying the buckling of shell structures, the task of analyzing the mechanical behavior of shell layers remains insufficiently investigated. Therefore, research into the effects caused by polymer layering variations on a buckling mode appears to be urgent for regulating the layering process at various angle combinations due to a lack of sufficient data.Aim. The study was aimed at identifying a layering pattern, under which maximum and minimum critical forces operate.Materials and methods. The object of the study involves a cylindrical shell with a radius of 300 mm, a height of 600 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.56 mm made of eight variously-oriented carbon fiber layers impregnated with epoxy resin. The design modeling was performed using the finite element method. The cylindrical shell walls were modeled in terms of Laminate type flat elements, taking into account the composite layers. At the lower end, the cylinder was rigidly fixed and 100 kN axial compressive force was applied to the upper end of the cylinder. Using a software package, the variants of buckling modes were obtained for further analysis.Results. The data, describing the buckling of a cylindrical shell, including the critical load coefficient at the first buckling mode were obtained by the finite element method. In addition, the dependence of a critical force on layering patterns was determined. Depending on the critical force value and the buckling mode, the most and least favorable patterns of layering in a package of a composite material were selected.Conclusions. The orientation of layers in a composite material package affects the buckling mode and the value of critical force. An optimal selection of the layer orientation increases the critical force value by 2.25 times based on the information about the conditions of structural loading and fastening.
Determination of the concrete heat emission during its hardening in isothermal conditions
Authors: Barannik N. V. , Kotov S. V. , Potapova E. S. , Malakhin S. S. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The heat emission of concrete during its hardening in adiabatic conditions is typically determined according to the GOST 24316 State Satndard. This method is quite limited in research possibilities, since under the conditions of constantly increasing temperature, it appears impossible to adequately assess the influence of various components or hardening conditions on the processes occurring during the concrete hardening. The assessment of the heat emission during the isothermal hardening allows much more information about the hardening process of the studied material to be obtained. The direct determination of the concrete heat emission during hardening in isothermal conditions appears to be extremely difficult in technical aspect.Aim. The study is aimed at developing a method for determining the heat emission of the concrete in isothermal conditions.Materials and methods. The GOST 31108-2016 TsEM I 52.5N portland cement, quartz sand, crushed gabbrodiabase, and the GOST 23732-2011 mixing water were used in the study. The strength of concrete samples was determined in accordance with the GOST 10180-2012 State Standard. The TAM Air (TA Instruments) isothermal calorimeter was used for calorimetric studies.Results. As a result of the performed studies, a method for determining the concrete heat emission in isothermal conditions was developed on the basis of assessment of the heat emission during the hardening of model mixtures reflecting the composition of the studied concrete. The optimal particle size of the sand and crushed stone fractions for model mixtures comprises 0.16–0.315 mm. The heat emission during the isothermal hardening of 10 model mixtures reflecting the composition of the studied concrete grades was determined. The strength class of 10 concrete compositions differing in cement content was established. The dependence of the heat emitted by model mixtures on the strength classes of the studied concrete compositions was determined. The heat emission of model mixtures during the isothermal hardening was established to be directly dependent on the strength of the studied concrete compositions.Conclusions. The determination of the amount of heat emitted by model mixtures reflecting the composition of concrete mixtures during the isothermal hardening represents a useful cost-effective test significantly accelerating and facilitating the process of control and design of concrete compositions.
Analysis of regulatory documents regarding data collection for probability calculations of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Zenin S. A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. A sustainable system of risk management in construction is in great demand for both consumers and suppliers of construction products. As one of the main elements of such a system, probability calculations of loader-bearing structures provide a necessary level of reliability and optimality of construction solutions. At the same time, the transition towards risk-oriented design, including the assessment and management of risks, implies the presence of sufficient statistic data, along with the methods of data collection and probability modeling. This study is focused on the issues concerned with collecting data for probability calculations.Aim. To propose suggestions for improving the national regulatory framework as related to probability calculations of reinforced concrete structures and collecting the necessary data.Materials and methods. The main objectives of the study were to investigate and analyze Russian and foreign experience in the field of risk assessment and management in terms of building structures and facilities based on probability calculations. In order to achieve these objectives, an analysis of existing Russian and international documents was carried out. In the course of the study, national regulatory legal acts and standardization documents including codes of rules and GOSTs were considered. In addition, some national regulatory technical documents, which were not included in the lists of both obligatory and non-obligatory applications, were analyzed, as well as other specialized regulatory technical documents. An analysis of foreign regulatory technical documents was conducted, including those regulating the initial data characteristics to perform probability calculations (loads, materials, and calculation models). In general, the methodology for analyzing regulatory technical documents involved a detailed study of the selected documents, an analysis of their positions concerning the issue under consideration, as well as an assessment of the completeness and sufficiency of the positions of the documents concerning the methods for determining the initial data characteristics for probability calculations of reinforced concrete structures regarding loads, materials and calculation models.Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted analysis, specific subject areas for research works are formulated focusing on the development of probability calculations of reinforced concrete structures. A system of regulatory documents is proposed enabling an optimal risk-oriented design of reinforced concrete structures to be implemented.
Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazole Based Cationic Surfactants as Disinfectants
Authors: Midha Divya , Singh Hari , Kour Sharanmeet , Goel Gaurav , Chand Mahendra Bahadur 
Published: August 2022

Citric acid-based cationic surfactants using 1-methyl imidazolium as coordinizing agent has been synthesized and characterized. The cationic surfactants is produced in excellent yields (70%) and has been examined by TGA, FTIR, 1H NMR and are found to have good surface-active properties. FTIR analysis showed the presence of ester confirmed by 1H NMR (the chemical shift value of 3.7 ppm and 3.8 ppm is due to the presence of an ester) in the surfactant. The biodegradability confirmed by BOD analysis. It is found that cationic imidazolium surfactants having surface tenstion of (12 mN/m) with chloride as a counter ion. The results show that cationic imidazolium surfactants with longer hydrophobic chains have a lower CMC value. TGA result shows good thermal properties of cationic surfactant. Invitro study of cationic surfactant over fungal cell indicates its antifungal activity (70% inhibition at 350 ppm) and its appliaction as disinfactant.
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Authors: Siregar Uly Astuti 
Published: August 2022

Diabetes tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) disebabkan oleh banyak faktor diantaranya gaya hidup, lingkungan dan faktor genetik. Particulate Matter (PM) 2,5 merupakan fine partikel yang terdapat pada asap kendaraan bermotor, dapat menyebabkan efek sistemik diantaranya inflamasi yang memicu terjadinya resistensi insulin. Gaya hidup seperti diet tinggi lemak juga dapat menimbulkan peningkatan resiko terjadinya DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek paparan PM 2,5 terhadap berat badan dan kadar gula darah tikus wistar yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan post test control group design. Delapan belas ekor tikus wistar dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok paparan PM 2,5 dan diet normal, kelompok paparan PM 2,5 dan diet tinggi lemak dan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi paparan PM 2,5. Berat badan dan kadar gula darah diperiksa setelah paparan selama 30 hari. Analisis data menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan Post Hoc Test LSD. Hasil penimbangan berat badan kelompok control(153.67±11.219 gram,) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan berat badan kelompok diet normal (150.67±18.250 gram) dan diet tinggi lemak (151.33±14.278 gram), tidak terdapat perbedaan berat badan antar kelompok. Hasil pengukuran kadar gula darah pada kelompok diet tinggi lemak lebih tinggi (172.67±34.268 mg/dl) dibandingkan kelompok diet normal (148.50±24.898 mg/dl) dan kelompok kontrol (84.33±17.351 mg/dl), ditemukan perbedaan antara kelompok diet normal dengan kontrol dan dan kelompok diet tinggi lemak dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu paparan PM 2,5 tidak menyebabkan perbedaan berat badan antar kelompok dan pemberian diet tinggi lemak dapat meningkatkan kadar gula darah secara bermakna.
Kata kunci : paparan PM 2.5, berat badan, gula darah
Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia
Authors: Kırca E. Deniz Oğuz 
Published: August 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, Karyalı Bozburun Yarımadası’nın kuzey ve güneyinde (Bybassos ve Phoinix) karşımıza çıkan; iki farklı isim gibi görünmekle birlikte benzer işleve sahip Hemithea ve Eileithyia’nın bağlantısını, tanrıçalarla doğrudan ilişkili olan yazıt külliyatı (adak yazıtları), antik metinler, mitsel kurgular ve kısmen tarihsel coğrafyaya dayalı etimolojik olasılıklar ışığında sorgulamaktadır.
Özellikle antik Akdeniz’de farklı lakaplar alan yeryüzü tanrıçalarıyla bağlantılı yerleşkelerin etimolojik ve topografik bağlamda irdelenen kökenleri göstermektedir ki Anadolu coğrafyasına yayılmış uzak hafızalar, gittikleri yerlerde ortak bazı kodların yansıması olmalıdır. Hatta farklı coğrafyalara ait olmalarına rağmen kutsiyet atfedilmiş olan sosyal buluşma/pazar işlevli ve “dişil” kimlikli kentçikler (Hemithea ile özdeş Kastabos ve Hemite yakınlarındaki Kastabala), böylesi bir hafızanın temsilcileri addedilebildiği gibi Anadolu’nun eski halklarının görünmeyen bağlarına (Geç Bronz Çağı’ndan itibaren) işaret ediyor dahi olabilir.
Bozburun Yarımadası, Kilikya gibi görece uzak bölgelerdeki etnobotanik bulguların desteklediği bitkisel uygulamalardan anlaşıldığı gibi, tıbbi değeri yüksek flora zenginliğine bağlı olarak kendi çapında sağaltım ve sağlık alternatifleri sunan bir bölge olmalıydı. Sağlıkla ilişkisi kuzey ve güney sektörleriyle kısıtlı olmayıp orta alandaki Syrna ve Hydas gibi diğer tüm demoslarda çözümlerin sunulduğu bir bütün olarak ele alınmalıdır. Göründüğü kadarıyla kadın ve çocuk sağlığı, üreme, düşük, vb. konularda veya rahat bir doğum gerçekleştirmek isteyenler için yerel çözümler sunan belli başlı merkezlere sahipti. Bu merkezlerde özel reçeteler kullanılıyor, sedatif preparatlarla uygulanan enkoimesis, psikoterapi, bir trans ilah olan Artemis’in farklı tezahürleri Hemithea ve Eileithyia, hatta Apollon adına yapılan şifalı büyü gibi uygulamalar gerçekleştiriliyor olmalıydı. Bu kapsamda, erken dönemlerde karşımıza çıkan Hemithea, zamanla ismini, işlevini ve şöhretini Eileithyia’ya devretmiş olabilir.
Antalya Kaleiçi Panhagia Kilisesi ve Câmi-i Cedid
Authors: Dayar Evren 
Published: August 2022

Bizans döneminde piskoposluk merkezi olan Antalya Kaleiçi Panaghia Kilisesi, câmiye dönüştürüldüğü XVI. yüzyılın başlarına kadar Hristiyan cemaatinin ibadetine açık kaldı. Kilise, Sultan II. Bayezid’in emriyle câmiye çevrildikten sonra Câmi-i Cedid (Yeni Câmii) adını almıştı. Ne var ki İslam egemenliği döneminde uzun süre kullanılan ve Rum nüfusun meskûn olduğu bir semtte bulunan kilisenin câmiye dönüştürülmesi, kentin demografik yapısında yaşanan değişimin de etkisiyle bir süre sonra cemaatler arası çekişmelere neden oldu.
Panaghia Kilisesi câmiye dönüştürüldükten sonra yaklaşık dört asır boyunca ibadethane işlevi görmüş, XIX. yüzyılın sonunda yanarak tahrip olmuş, daha sonra da terk edilmiştir. Bu makale Panaghia Kilisesi’nin ve dönüştürüldükten sonraki adıyla Câmi-i Cedid’in Osmanlı dönemindeki dönüşümünü ve terk edilmesiyle sonuçlanan sürecin nedenlerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda konuya ilişkin mevcut literatür eleştirel bir analize tabi tutulmuş, tarihi kaynaklar yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, kaynakların yetersiz olduğu koşullarda, yapının kentin dinî manzara’sı içindeki yerinden ve kentin nüfus yapısından hareketle câminin tarihi ve ona atfedilen önem yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Son Yıllarında Yabancı Ülke Bayraklarının Kullanımı ve Denetimi
Authors: Çelik Emre 
Published: August 2022

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yabancı ülke bayraklarının varlığı imparatorluğun son döneminde yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu bayrakların sahip olduğu sembolik değerler ve güncel gelişmeler, farklı aidiyetlere sahip bireylerin ve kurumların bayraklara yönelik değerlendirme ve uygulamalarının farklılık göstermesine yol açmıştır. Bayrak, bireyler için kimliklerinin ve aidiyetlerinin görsel sembolü anlamına gelirken resmi kurumların dışında ve izinsiz kullanılması halinde yöneticilerin gözünde egemenliklerine yönelik bir tehdidin ifadesiydi. Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki yabancı etkisinin politik ve gündelik alanlardaki nüfuzunun 19. yüzyılla birlikte artması ve bağımsızlık hareketlerinin yarattığı ayrılıkçı tehdit nedeniyle, devletin gözünde yabancı bayrakların varlığının denetlenmesi ve engellenmesi hassas bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Devlet adamlarının bu amaçla attıkları adımlar süreklilik arz eden bir arka plana sahip olmasına karşın kalıcı çözümler üretmede başarısız olmuştur.
Arşiv belgeleri; devlet adamlarının resmi kurumlarda ve özel mülklerde, yabancı bayrakların kullanılmasına dair belirledikleri kuralları ve denetim usullerini yansıtmaktadır. Seyahatnameler, anılar ve gazete haberleriyse, insanların bayraklara atfettikleri değerleri incelemeyi ve bireyin gözünden bir anlatı oluşturmayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Araştırmada, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yabancı bayraklara yönelik politikasının hukuki metinlerin yanı sıra fiili durumun etkisiyle zaman içerisinde değiştiği ve bu gelişmelerin sonucunda, uzun bir süre ihlal olarak engellenmeye çalışılan bazı uygulamaların meşru kabul edildiği görülmüştür.
Atomic Gas Dominates the Baryonic Mass of Star-forming Galaxies at z ≈ 1.3
Authors: Chowdhury Aditya , Kanekar Nissim , Chengalur Jayaram N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a comparison between the average atomic gas mass, 〈M
Atom〉 (including hydrogen and helium), the average molecular gas mass, 〈M
Mol〉, and the average stellar mass, 〈M
⋆〉, of a sample of star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 0.75–1.45 to probe the baryonic composition of galaxies in and during the epoch of peak star formation activity in the universe. The 〈M
Atom〉 values of star-forming galaxies in two stellar-mass-matched samples at z = 0.74–1.25 and z = 1.25–1.45 were derived by stacking their Hi 21 cm signals in the GMRT-CATz1 survey. We find that the baryonic composition of star-forming galaxies at z ≳ 1 is dramatically different from that at z ≈ 0. For star-forming galaxies with 〈M
⋆〉 ≈ 1010
M
⊙, the contribution of stars to the total baryonic mass, M
Baryon, is ≈61% at z ≈ 0, but only ≈16% at z ≈ 1.3, while molecular gas constitutes ≈6% of the baryonic mass at z ≈ 0, and ≈14% at z ≈ 1.3. Remarkably, we find that atomic gas makes up ≈70% of M
Baryon in star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1.3. We find that the ratio 〈M
Atom〉/〈M
⋆〉 is higher at both z ≈ 1.3 and at z ≈ 1.0 than in the local universe, with 〈M
Atom〉/〈M
⋆〉 ≈ 1.4 at z ≈ 1.0 and ≈ 4.4 at z ≈ 1.3, compared to its value of ≈0.5 today. Further, we find that the ratio 〈M
Atom〉/〈M
Mol〉 in star-forming galaxies with 〈M
⋆〉 ≈ 1010
M
⊙ is ≈2.3 at z ≈ 1.0 and ≈5.0 at z ≈ 1.3. Overall, we find that atomic gas is the dominant component of the baryonic mass of star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1.3, during the epoch of peak star formation activity in the universe.
Chemical Abundances for 25 JWST Exoplanet Host Stars with KeckSpec
Authors: Polanski Alex S. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Rice Malena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using a data-driven machine learning tool we report T
eff,

log
(
g
)

,

v
sin
(
i
)

, and elemental abundances for 15 elements (C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Y) for a sample of 25 exoplanet host stars targeted by JWST's first year of observations. The chemical diversity of these stars show that, while a number of their companion planets may have formed in a disk with chemistry similar to Solar, some JWST targets likely experienced different disk compositions. This sample is part of a larger forthcoming catalog that will report homogeneous abundances of ∼4500 FGK stars derived from Keck/HIRES optical spectra.
Large Population Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction in Young Myopic Patients
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Vida Ryan S. , Yammouni Robert 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia in a large population of young adults.

METHODS:
In this retrospective case series, the patient population consisted of the first 4,138 consecutive SMILE treatments using the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec) between 2012 and 2018 at the London Vision Clinic. Inclusion criteria were myopic spherical equivalent up to -9.00 diopters (D), cylinder up to 6.00 D, corrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better, age younger than 40 years, and follow-up of 12 months. Outcomes analysis was performed using the Standard Graphs for Reporting Refractive Surgery.

RESULTS:

Data were available at 12 months in 3,722 eyes (90%), and 416 eyes (10%) were lost to follow-up. Mean attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) was −4.61 ± 1.84 D (range: −1.12 to −9.00 D). Mean cylinder was −0.78 ± 0.66 D (range: 0.00 to −6.00 D). Postoperatively, the mean SEQ relative to target was −0.13 ± 0.30 D (range: −1.35 to +1.25 D) and was within ±0.50 D in 88.1% and ±1.00 D in 99.6% of eyes. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 95.4% of eyes and 20/25 or better in 98.7% of eyes. One line of CDVA was lost in 3.0% of eyes, and 0.08% (n = 3) lost two or more lines of CDVA, for which CDVA was restored following phototherapeutic keratectomy treatment. There was a statistically significant improvement of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, and 0.07 log units for contrast sensitivity at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree, respectively (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE achieved excellent outcomes for myopia up to −9.00 D with cylinder up to −5.50 D for a large population in patients without presbyopia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(8):488–496.]