bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral responses to fevers and other medical events in children with and without ASD
Authors: Byrne Katherine , Zheng Shuting , Bishop Somer , Boucher Juliana , Ghods Sheila , Kim So Hyun , Lord Catherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnecdotal reports and a small number of research studies suggest possible behavioral improvements in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during a fever. However, previous studies rely largely on retrospective reports of this phenomenon. Establishing a robust association between fever and reduction of ASD‐related symptoms would promote opportunities for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions for children with ASD. In the current study, prospective data were collected from 141 children with ASD and 103 typically developing (TD) controls using parent responses to an 11‐item behavioral survey. Behaviors when no illness was present, during a fever, the week after a fever, and during non‐febrile illnesses for TD and ASD children were compared. Profiles of cases in which caregivers reported consistent behavioral improvements during fever are described. Data indicated worsening social, emotional/behavioral, and somatic symptoms during a fever regardless of diagnosis, with children with ASD demonstrating greater worsening of behaviors during a fever than TD children. Only three out of 141 children with ASD demonstrated consistent behavioral improvements during a fever; these children had a range of cognitive and adaptive skills. Children with ASD had stronger negative responses to fever than TD children. These findings contradict previous literature suggesting behavioral improvements for children with ASD. While improvements may occur for some children, it does not appear to be a common phenomenon. Additional research is needed to elucidate the nature of behavioral improvements in the subset of children with ASD who may respond positively to fever.
Spectrum of thyroid disease in a single patient: A case of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Patel Pooja , Prater Janna , Baloch Zubair , Mayrin Jane V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 65‐year‐old man with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditi on Levothyroxine developed Graves' disease with ocular symptoms and was treated with teprotumumab without improvement. Total thyroidectomy was performed to control hyperthyroidism. Surgical pathology revealed multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. Rarely, a spectrum of thyroid disorders is seen in a single patient.
A Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanol ‐18O‐Isotope Labeling and Stereogenic Probe Reveals Hidden Stereospecific Water Exchange Reaction
Authors: Langenohl Felix , Rösler Jonas , Zühlke Sebastian , Kirchhoff Jan‐Lukas , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA silicon‐stereogenic aminosilanol was isolated in excellent diastereomeric ratio and the absolute configuration was determined. The silanol is configurative and condensation stable in solution and shows stereoselective transformations with a clean stereospecific pathway in follow‐up reactions, which leads to the isolation of a silicon‐stereogenic zinc complex and siloxane compounds. Investigations with18O‐labelled water and mass spectrometry analysis revealed an otherwise hidden exchange of oxygen atoms of silanol and water in solution that proceeds with retention of the configuration at the silicon center. This novel combination of a stereochemical probe and isotopic labeling in a silicon‐stereogenic compound opens new analytic possibilities to study stereochemical courses of reactions with the aid of chiral silanols mechanistically.
Modulating Myogenesis: An Optimized In Vitro Assay to Pharmacologically Influence Primary Myoblast Differentiation
Authors: VanGenderen Cordell A. , Granet Jules A. , Filippelli Romina L. , Liu Yiyang , Chang Natasha C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intentional pharmacological manipulation of myogenesis is an important technique for understanding the underlying mechanisms of muscle differentiation and disease etiology. Using the pharmacological agent metformin as an example molecule, we present a systematic approach to examine the impact of pharmacological agents on the myogenic program. This consists of optimizing the in vitro differentiation of primary myoblast cells followed by the generation of a dose‐response curve for a respective pharmaceutical. To assess myogenic differentiation, we utilized three approaches (incorporating both transcriptional and protein techniques) to assess the effects of biologically active agents on the in vitro differentiation of primary myogenic progenitors. First, the immunofluorescent visualization of myosin heavy chain (MYHC), which is expressed in differentiated myofibers, is used to obtain the fusion index, a quantitative read‐out of differentiation efficiency. Second, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) reveals the expression of myogenic factors (Pax7, Myf5, Myod, Myog, Myh2) at the transcript level. Third, western blotting is used to assess the protein expression levels of the myogenic markers (PAX7, MYF5, MYOD, MYOG, and MYHC). By monitoring the expression of these various myogenic factors during the differentiation process, the relative cellular state and differentiation status between samples can be determined. Combined, these approaches enable the successful assessment of the impact of pharmacological agents on myogenic differentiation. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Immunofluorescence assay for qualitative and quantitative assessment of pharmacological agents on in vitro myogenic differentiationSupport Protocol 1: Evaluating myogenic gene expression by RT‐qPCRSupport Protocol 2: Evaluating myogenic protein expression by western blot
Latent profile analyses of disordered eating behaviors and nonsuicidal self‐injury among Vietnamese adolescents
Authors: Zelkowitz Rachel L. , Cole David A. , Sterba Sonya K. , Liu Qimin , Lau Anna S. , Trung Lam T. , Weiss Bahr 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveComorbidity of disordered eating (DE) behaviors and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is linked to increased functional impairment. The present study identified subtypes of DE and NSSI comorbidity in a non‐Western, low‐ and middle‐income country where there has been particularly little research in this area.MethodLatent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted to identify patterns of subgroup comorbidity in self‐reported DE behaviors and NSSI behaviors, in a sample of Vietnamese high‐school students (N = 1451, 51% female). Parallel‐process LPA was used to predict NSSI subgroup membership from DE subgroup membership.ResultsA seven‐class LPA model was identified for DE: (1) Low frequencies of all DE behaviors; (2) Frequent levels of all DE behaviors; (3) Frequent fasting and purging behaviors; (4) Frequent binge eating only; (5) Moderate binge eating; (6) Moderate fasting and purging behaviors; (7) Exercise and fasting. A two‐class (high versus low) model was identified for NSSI. Odds of membership in the high‐NSSI class were significantly increased for all DE classes except the class characterized by moderate binge eating. Odds of belonging to the high‐NSSI class were highest for those in DE classes involving purging behaviors. Males predominated in classes characterized by high behavior dysregulation.DiscussionDE and NSSI represent important clinical concerns among Vietnamese youth in urban contexts, and males may show particular vulnerability for certain risk behaviors. The association of classes of DE behaviors to NSSI was particularly strong for classes that involved purging, highlighting the importance of this specific behavior for understanding comorbidity of DE and NSSI.Public SignificanceDisordered eating and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI; hurting oneself without intending to die) commonly co‐occur. There has been less research on disordered eating and NSSI among individuals from non‐Western or low/middle‐income countries. We examined patterns of these behaviors in a school‐based sample of Vietnamese adolescents. We found that patterns of disordered eating distinguished by purging showed particular links to NSSI, which could have implications for screening and treatment.
Separate optogenetic manipulation of Nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) glia and mural cells using the NG2 promoter
Authors: Oishi Mitsuhiro , Passlick Stefan , Yamazaki Yoshihiko , Unekawa Miyuki , Adachi Ruka , Yamada Mayumi , Imayoshi Itaru , Abe Yoshifumi , Steinhäuser Christian , Tanaka Kenji F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) is a protein marker of NG2 glia and mural cells, and NG2 promoter activity is utilized to target these cells. However, the NG2 promoter cannot target NG2 glia and mural cells separately. This has been an obstacle for NG2 glia‐specific manipulation. Here, we developed transgenic mice in which either cell type can be targeted using the NG2 promoter. We selected a tetracycline‐controllable gene induction system for cell type‐specific transgene expression, and generated NG2‐tetracycline transactivator (tTA) transgenic lines. We crossed tTA lines with the tetO‐ChR2 (channelrhodopsin‐2)‐EYFP line to characterize tTA‐dependent transgene induction. We isolated two unique NG2‐tTA mouse lines: one that induced ChR2‐EYFP only in mural cells, likely due to the chromosomal position effect of NG2‐tTA insertion, and the other that induced it in both cell types. We then applied a Cre‐mediated set‐subtraction strategy to the latter case and eliminated ChR2‐EYFP from mural cells, resulting in NG2 glia‐specific transgene induction. We further demonstrated that tTA‐dependent ChR2 expression could manipulate cell function. Optogenetic mural cell activation decreased cerebral blood flow, as previously reported, indicating that tTA‐mediated ChR2 expression was sufficient to impact cellular function. ChR2‐mediated depolarization was observed in NG2 glia in acute hippocampal slices. In addition, ChR2‐mediated depolarization of NG2 glia inhibited their proliferation but promoted their differentiation in juvenile mice. Since the tTA–tetO combination is expandable, the mural cell–specific NG2‐tTA line and the NG2 glia‐specific NG2‐tTA line will permit us to conduct observational and manipulation studies to examine in vivo function of these cells separately.
The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on clinical outcomes in early major salivary gland cancer
Authors: Hong Wei‐Ju , Chang Shih‐Lun , Tsai Chia‐Jen , Wu Hung‐Chang , Chen Yi‐Chen , Yang Ching‐Chieh , Ho Chung‐Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the effects of adjuvant radiotherapy on outcomes in early‐stage major salivary gland cancers.MethodsA total of 655 patients were identified, including 355 (54.2%) received adjuvant radiotherapy and 300 (45.8%) had surgery alone. The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on 5‐year locoregional recurrence and disease‐specific survival (DSS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThere were no significant differences in locoregional recurrence and DSS between patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy and those not in both univariate and multivariable analysis. Although patients with positive margin status had a higher locoregional recurrence and those with moderate/poor differentiation had a worse DSS, stratified analysis still indicated there were no protective effects from the use of adjuvant radiotherapy.ConclusionsThe use of adjuvant radiation therapy was not associated with improved locoregional recurrence and DSS, even for those with high‐risk histopathological factors.
Simulating the distribution of rainfall interception ratio in a Masson's pine plot using terrestrial laser scanning data
Authors: Wu Bingxiao , Zheng Guang , Zhang Wuming , Chen Yang , Gu Zhujun , Zeng Maimai , Li Aiguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe distribution and structure of leaves and branches influence the rainfall interception ratio (RIR) and water cycling processes in forests. However, measuring the three‐dimensional structure features of canopy organs to evaluate their effects on the RIR is labour‐intensive and time‐consuming. Modelling the spatial distribution of the RIR within a forest canopy after rainfall thus remains challenging. To address this difficulty, we used point clouds scanned by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) from Masson's Pines to extract fine‐scale canopy structure features. Next, we applied an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate quantitatively how the various canopy structure features affect the RIR of canopy components. Finally, we simulated the RIR distribution by combining the interception coefficient of canopy organs estimated from the EFA results and throughfall volume measured by rain gauges set in the study site. The results show that the inclination angle of canopy organs and their upper gap fraction more strongly affect their RIR. The average absolute error of simulated rainfall interception volume (VIN) is less than 0.57 mm, and the related root mean squared error (RMSE) is less than 0.41 mm after rainfall. For measured rainfall events, the mean absolute error and RMSE of simulated VIN intercepted by nearby canopy organs above each rain gauge are less than 0.52 and 0.39 mm, respectively. The accuracy of the RIR simulation is degraded by the uneven distribution of canopy receivable rainfall volume, noise and missing point clouds in the TLS datasets. Modelling RIR distribution within the canopy based on TLS point clouds provides a chance for simulating water cycling processes in forests during rainfall.
Producing chemically accurate atomic Gaussian process regression models by active learning for molecular simulation
Authors: Burn Matthew J. , Popelier Paul L. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMachine learning is becoming increasingly more important in the field of force field development. Never has it been more vital to have chemically accurate machine learning potentials because force fields become more sophisticated and their applications expand. In this study a method for developing chemically accurate Gaussian process regression models is demonstrated for an increasingly complex set of molecules. This work is an extension to previous work showing the progression of the active learning technique in producing more accurate models in much less CPU time than ever before. The per‐atom active learning approach has unlocked the potential to generate chemically accurate models for molecules such as peptide‐capped glycine.
Screening for differentially expressed microRNAs in BALF and blood samples of infected COVID‐19 ARDS patients by small RNA deep sequencing
Authors: Najafipour Reza , Mohammadi Davood , Estaki Zohreh , Zarabadi Kiana , Jalilvand Manijeh , Moghbelinejad Sahar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe pandemic COVID‐19 has caused a high mortality rate and poses a significant threat to the population of the entire world. Due to the novelty of this disease, the pathogenic mechanism of the disease and the host cell's response are not yet fully known, so lack of evidence prevents a definitive conclusion about treatment strategies. The current study employed a small RNA deep‐sequencing approach for screening differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) in blood and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) samples of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.MethodsIn this study, BALF and blood samples were taken from patients with ARDS (n = 5). Control samples were those with suspected lung cancer candidates for lung biopsy (n = 3). Illumina high‐throughput (HiSeq 2000) sequencing was performed to identify known and novel miRNAs differentially expressed in the blood and BALFs of ARDS patients compared with controls.ResultsResults showed 2234 and 8324 miRNAs were differentially expressed in blood and BALF samples, respectively. In BALF samples, miR‐282, miR‐15‐5p, miR‐4485‐3p, miR‐483‐3p, miR‐6891‐5p, miR‐200c, miR‐4463, miR‐483‐5p, and miR‐98‐5p were upregulated and miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐548c‐5p, miR‐548d‐3p, miR‐365a‐3p, miR‐3939, miR‐514‐b‐5p, miR‐513a‐3p, miR‐513a‐5p, miR‐664a‐3p, and miR‐766‐3p were downregulated. On the contrary, in blood samples miR‐15b‐5p, miR‐18a‐3p, miR‐486‐3p, miR‐486‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐16‐2‐3p, miR‐6501‐5p, miR‐365‐3p, miR‐618, and miR‐623 were top upregulated miRNAs and miR‐21‐5p, miR‐142a‐3p, miR‐181‐a, miR‐31‐5p, miR‐99‐5p, miR‐342‐5p, miR‐183‐5p, miR‐627‐5p, and miR‐144‐3p were downregulated miRNAs. Network functional analysis for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), in ARDS patients' blood and BALF samples, showed that the target genes were more involved in activating inflammatory and apoptosis process.ConclusionBased on our results, the transcriptome profile of ARDS patients would be a valuable source for understanding molecular mechanisms of host response and developing clinical guidance on anti‐inflammatory medication.
Novel compound heterozygous synonymous and missense variants in the MYO7A gene identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese family with nonsyndromic hearing loss
Authors: Xiang Yanbao , Xu Chenyang , Xu Yunzhi , Zhou Lili , Tang Shaohua , Xu Xueqin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundVariants in the MYO7A gene are increasingly identified among patients suffering from Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B). However, such mutations are less commonly detected among patients suffering from nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL), including autosomal recessive deafness (DFNB2) and autosomal dominant deafness (DFNA11). This research attempts to clarify the genetic base of DFNB2 in a Chinese family and determine the pathogenicity of the identified mutations.MethodTargeted next‐generation sequencing (TGS) of 127 known deafness genes was performed for the 14‐year‐old proband. Then, Sanger sequencing was performed on the available family members. A minigene splicing assay was performed to verify the impact of the novel MYO7A synonymous variant. After performing targeted next‐generation sequencing (TGS) of 127 existing hearing loss‐related genes in a 14‐year‐old proband, Sanger sequencing was carried out on the available family members. Then, to confirm the influence of the novel MYO7A synonymous variants, a minigene splicing assay was performed.ResultsTwo heteroallelic mutants of MYO7A (NM_000260.3) were identified: a maternally inherited synonymous variant c.2904G > A (p.Glu968=) in exon 23 and a paternally inherited missense variant c.5994G > T (p.Trp1998Cys) in exon 44. The in vitro minigene expression indicated that c.2904G > A may result in skipping of exon 23 resulting in a truncated protein.ConclusionsWe reported a novel missense (c.5994G > T) and identified, for the first time, a novel pathogenic synonymous (c.2904G > A) variant within MYO7A in a patient with DFNB2. These findings enrich our understanding of the MYO7A variant spectrum of DFNB2 and can contribute to accurate genetic counseling and diagnosis of NSHL patients.
Brazilian green propolis improves gut microbiota dysbiosis and protects against sarcopenic obesity
Authors: Okamura Takuro , Hamaguchi Masahide , Bamba Ryo , Nakajima Hanako , Yoshimura Yuta , Kimura Tomonori , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Nakanishi Naoko , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Nishimoto Yuichiro , Yamada Takuji , Fujikura Chizuru , Asama Takashi , Okumura Nobuaki , Takakuwa Hiroshi , Sasano Ryoichi , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionBrazilian green propolis is an important honeybee product that is considered beneficial for health. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with propolis against sarcopenic obesity using Db/Db mice.MethodsDb/m mice fed a normal diet alone and Db/Db mice fed normal diet alone, or supplemented with different amounts of propolis (0.08, 0.4 and 2%), were examined for effects on sarcopenic obesity.ResultsPropolis improved the glucose tolerance (P < 0.001), increased the grip strength (P < 0.001) and the weight of soleus (P = 0.006) and plantaris muscles (P = 0.008). Moreover, propolis improved the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (P < 0.001) and decreased the expression of genes related to inflammation, liver fibrosis and fatty acid metabolism. Propolis decreased the accumulation of saturated fatty acids in the liver and increased their excretion in faeces. With regard to the innate immunity, propolis decreased the ratio of M1 macrophages (P = 0.008) and Type 1 and 3 innate lymphoid cells to CD45‐positive cells (P < 0.001) and increased the ratio of M2 macrophages (P = 0.002) and ILC2s (P = 0.007) in the liver. Additionally, propolis decreased the expression of genes related to muscle atrophy and inflammation and the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the soleus muscle. 16S rRNA phylogenetic sequencing revealed that propolis increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and the abundance of Butyricicoccus and Acetivibrio genera. Gut microbiota related to the pentose phosphatase pathway and glycerolipid metabolism was more prevalent after the administration of propolis.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that propolis can improve sarcopenic obesity by improving dysbiosis due to overeating and provides new insights into diet–microbiota interactions during sarcopenic obesity.
Practice patterns of postgraduate trained dentists in the United States
Authors: Mertz Elizabeth A. , Bates Timothy , Kottek Aubri , Jura Matthew , Werts Miranda , Munson Bradley , Vujicic Marko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivePostgraduate dental (PGD) primary care training has grown significantly. This study examines the individual, educational, community, and policy factors that predict practice patterns of PGD‐trained dentists.Study designIndividual dentist records from the 2017 American Dental Association Masterfile, with indicators of Medicaid participation and practice in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), were linked to postdoctoral training, community/practice location, and state policy factors. Generalized logistic models, adjusted for these factors, were used to predict PGD‐trained dentists: (1a) serving Medicaid children, (1b) accepting new Medicaid patients, and (2) working in an FQHC.ResultsIndividual attributes that predicted serving Medicaid children included all race/gender combinations (vs. White females), and foreign‐trained dentists and contractors/employees/associates (vs. practice owners). Black women are most likely to work in an FQHC. Residency attributes that predicted serving Medicaid children and working in an FQHC were Health Resources and Services Administration postdoctoral funding and being community based. Dentists practicing in rural or high‐poverty communities were more likely to serve Medicaid children and work at FQHCs. States with higher levels of graduate medical education investment, higher Medicaid rates, and more generous adult dental Medicaid benefits increased the likelihood of serving Medicaid children, while states with more expansive adult dental Medicaid benefits increased the likelihood of working in an FQHC.ConclusionFederal training investment in PGD education combined with Medicaid payment and coverage policies can strongly impact access to dental care for vulnerable populations. Yet, oral health equity cannot be achieved without increasing dentist workforce diversity.