bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Interfacial Upconversion Enabling Bright Emission at an Extremely Low Driving Voltage in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Izawa Seiichiro , Morimoto Masahiro , Naka Shigeki , Hiramoto Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA remaining frontier in the field of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is reducing their operating voltage. Herein, an efficient OLED is reported, operable by a 1.5 V battery, that produces bright emission equivalent to the luminance of a typical display. The OLED has a smaller turn‐on voltage at 0.97 V than an optical energy of emitted photons at 2.04 eV (608 nm), because the OLED is based on an upconversion (UC) transition associated with triplet–triplet annihilation that doubles the energy of excited states. The characteristics of charge transfer (CT) state at the interface have been revealed, which are key to efficient UC, and the percentage of excited states deactivated by parasitic loss processes during the UC transition is significantly reduced from over 90% to approximately 10% by introducing a highly crystalline acceptor material and an emissive dopant. Consequently, the UC‐OLED achieves a quantum efficiency that is two orders of magnitude higher than that in the previous report.
Constructing Artificial SEI Layer on Lithiophilic MXene Surface for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Zhai Pengbo , Wei Yi , Yang Zhilin , Chen Qian , Zuo Jinghan , Gu Xiaokang , Gong Yongji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMXene has been found as a good host for lithium (Li) metal anodes because of its high specific surface area, lithiophilicity, good stability with lithium, and the in situ formed LiF protective layer. However, the formation of Li dendrites and dead Li is inevitable during long‐term cycle due to the lack of protection at the Li/electrolyte interface. Herein, a stable artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is constructed on the MXene surface by using insulating g‐C3N4 layer to regulate homogeneous Li plating/stripping. The 2D/2D MXene/g‐C3N4 composite nanosheets can not only guarantee sufficient lithiophilic sites, but also protect the Li metal from continuous corrosion by electrolytes. Thus, the Ti3C2Tx/g‐C3N4 electrode enables conformal Li deposition, enhanced average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.4%, and longer cycle lifespan over 400 cycles with an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2. Full cells paired with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode also achieve enhanced rate capacity and cycling stability with higher capacity retention of 85.5% after 320 cycles at 0.5C. The advantages of the 2D/2D lithiophilic layer/artificial SEI layer heterostructures provide important insights into the design strategies for high‐performance and stable Li metal batteries.
Nitrogen, Oxygen‐Codoped Vertical Graphene Arrays Coated 3D Flexible Carbon Nanofibers with High Silicon Content as an Ultrastable Anode for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Mu Yongbiao , Han Meisheng , Wu Buke , Wang Yameng , Li Zhenwei , Li Jiaxing , Li Zheng , Wang Shuai , Wan Jiayu , Zeng Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFree‐standing and foldable electrodes with high energy density and long lifespan have recently elicited attention on the development of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for flexible electronic devices. However, both low energy density and slow kinetics in cycling impede their practical applications. In this work, a free‐standing and binder‐free N, O‐codoped 3D vertical graphene carbon nanofibers electrode with ultra‐high silicon content (VGAs@Si@CNFs) is developed via electrospinning, subsequent thermal treatment, and chemical vapor deposition processes. The as‐prepared VGAs@Si@CNFs electrode exhibits excellent conductivity and flexibility because of the high graphitized carbon nanofiber network and abundant vertical graphene arrays. Such 3D all‐carbon architecture can be fabulous for providing a conductive and mechanically robust network, further improving the kinetics and restraining the volume expansion of Si NPs, especially with an ultra‐high Si content (>90 wt%). As a result, the VGAs@Si@CNFs composite demonstrates a superior specific capacity (3619.5 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), ultralong lifespan, and outstanding rate capability (1093.1 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 8 A g−1) as a free‐standing anode for LIBs. It is believed that this work offers an exciting method for developing free‐standing and high‐energy‐density electrodes for other energy storage devices.
Strain Balanced Self‐Supporting Single‐Crystalline LiNbO3 Thin Films for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Zhou Hongyan , Zhang Shibin , Zheng Pengcheng , Wu Jinbo , Zhang Liping , Huang Hao , You Tiangui , Ren Zhongqi , Hu Yuqing , Zhong Ni , Huang Kai , Zhou Min , Ou Xin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctional single‐crystalline films with mechanical flexibility have attracted intensive interest due to excellent material quality and the wide applications in flexible electronics. However, the free‐standing single‐crystalline films with the thickness in sub‐micrometer range usually deform due to insufficient mechanical strength or internal stress. This study introduces a strain balanced model (SBM) of a sandwich structure and an ion slicing‐based strain compensation bonding method for fabricating ultrathin but self‐supporting single‐crystalline thin films. Based on the SBM and the strain compensation bonding method, a centimeter‐scale strain balanced LiNbO3 (LN) thin film (SB‐LNTF) consisting of two pieces of 550 nm single‐crystalline LN film and an intermediate layer of benzocyclobutene is successfully fabricated. In additional to flat, bendable, transparent, and lightweight, the fabricated ultrathin (<10 µm) SB‐LNTF also exhibits excellent self‐supporting property. Standard piezoresponse force microscopy amplitude butterfly curve and a 180° phase switching associated with ferroelectric behavior of LN film are observed, which confirm its high crystal quality of the ion sliced LiNbO3 thin film. A flexible acoustic resonator demonstrated on SB‐LNTF shows strong resonances. In principle, the strain compensation bonding method is also applicable to epitaxial lift‐off films.
Unravelling Composition–Activity–Stability Trends in High Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts by Using a Data‐Guided Combinatorial Synthesis Strategy and Computational Modeling
Authors: Banko Lars , Krysiak Olga A. , Pedersen Jack K. , Xiao Bin , Savan Alan , Löffler Tobias , Baha Sabrina , Rossmeisl Jan , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh entropy alloys (HEA) comprise a huge search space for new electrocatalysts. Next to element combinations, the optimization of the chemical composition is essential for tuning HEA to specific catalytic processes. Simulations of electrocatalytic activity can guide experimental efforts. Yet, the currently available underlying model assumptions do not necessarily align with experimental evidence. To study deviations of theoretical models and experimental data requires statistically relevant datasets. Here, a combinatorial strategy for acquiring large experimental datasets of multi‐dimensional composition spaces is presented. Ru–Rh–Pd–Ir–Pt is studied as an exemplary, highly relevant HEA system. Systematic comparison with computed electrochemical activity enables the study of deviations from theoretical model assumptions for compositionally complex solid solutions in the experiment. The results suggest that the experimentally obtained distribution of surface atoms deviates from the ideal distribution of atoms in the model. Leveraging both advanced simulation and large experimental data enables the estimation of electrocatalytic activity and solid‐solution stability trends in the 5D composition space of the HEA system. A perspective on future directions for the development of active and stable HEA catalysts is outlined.
Multiple Twin Boundary‐Regulated Metastable Pd for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu Chang , Shen Yi , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Gen , Zheng Xuerong , Han Xiaopeng , Xu Lianyong , Zhu Shuze , Chen Yanan , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbundant surface structural defects can endow electrocatalysts with extraordinary physical and chemical characteristics. Herein, metastable Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant twin boundaries (TBs) and atomic steps (ASs) anchored on a carbon substrate (TS‐Pd/C) are directly synthesized by a solid‐state thermal shock (TS) strategy. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that the transient super cooling procedure after the TS synthesis can boost the formation of TBs. Benefitting from the abundant TBs and ASs, these metastable Pd NPs can serve as an advanced electrocatalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with superior reactivity, stability, and CO tolerance in alkaline solutions, which far exceeds that of commercial Pd/C. The first‐principles calculations suggest that the defect structure dominated by TBs can achieve the spatial separation of the optimal adsorption sites for CO and OH. The CO can concentrate at optimal surface sites to minimize the number of poisoned active sites. The strong adsorption of OH can accelerate the EOR process and jointly promote the improvement of electrocatalytic reactivity.
Randomized, controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial of effect of bevacizumab injection in management of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients undergoing surgical cauterization
Authors: Khanwalkar Ashoke R. , Rathor Aakanksha , Read Amelia K. , Paknezhad Hassan , Ma Yifei , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven its role in the disease pathophysiology, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mediated angiogenesis has received attention as a potential strategy to reduce epistaxis associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). In this study we evaluated the efficacy of a submucosal injection of bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, in reducing the severity of epistaxis and improving quality of life when given at the time of operative electrocautery.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted at a single institution from 2014 to 2019. Patients scheduled to undergo operative bipolar electrocautery of nasal telangiectasias were randomized to receive a submucosal injection of saline or bevacizumab at time of surgery. Surveys to assess epistaxis severity and quality of life (QOL), including the Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) and the 12‐item Short Form (SF‐12), were administered preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the ESS instrument is reported to be 0.71.ResultsOf 39 patients enrolled, 37 (94.9%) completed the study. The saline group demonstrated a reduced ESS vs baseline at 1 (−1.2; p = 0.01) and 4 (−1.2; p = 0.05) months postprocedure. The bevacizumab group demonstrated a reduced ESS score vs baseline at 1 (−2.3; p < 0.001), 2 (−2.3; p < 0.001), 4 (−2.0; p = 0.003), and 6 (−1.3; p = 0.05) months postprocedure. The additive benefit of bevacizumab over saline exceeded the MCID at 1, 2, and 4 months, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe addition of a single treatment of submucosal bevacizumab may be associated with additional clinically meaningful benefit for up to 4 months when compared with electrocautery alone.
Relating Binding Energy and Scattering Length of Cold Hybrid Ion‐Atom Systems
Authors: Augustovičová Lucie D. , Špirko Vladimír 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe universal properties of the loosely bound vibrational states of cold hybrid ion‐atom systems are probed using a “scaling” approach. This approach is based on the use of numerical relations (a versus Dlast) between the binding energy (Dlast) of the highest vibrational state and the s‐wave scattering length (a) obtained by solving the appropriate Schrödinger equations with scaled interaction potentials. The actual probing is accomplished by evaluating the “a versus Dlast” relations for 6Li and 7Li in the ground electronic state using a set of ab initio potential energy curves from the literature. Although these curves provide strongly differing values of a and Dlast, the corresponding “a versus Dlast” relations closely coincide, thus enabling an accurate determination of scattering lengths directly from experimental binding energies and vice versa.
Design of Broadband Plasmon‐Induced Transparency Hybrid Metamaterial Based on the Interaction of the Metal and Dielectric Resonances
Authors: Zeng Li , Zhang Hai‐feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband plasmon‐induced transparency (PIT) hybrid metamaterial system (HMS) is realized and numerically demonstrated via the interference between different resonance modes of metal and dielectric resonators. The employed PIT HMS supports a strong near‐fired coupling between unit cells consisting of eight TiO2 nested split rings (dark plasmonic resonators) surrounded by four metal cut wires (bright plasmonic resonators) embedded in the intermediate dielectric layer, and a broad transparency window which is higher than 0.9 is obtained from 0.61 to 0.76 THz with a relative bandwidth of 21.9%. In the transparent window, the drastic change of phase leads to high group delay, and the remarkable slow light phenomenon can be clearly observed. The maximum of the group delay and group index can reach 528 ps and 2880, respectively. The localization distributions of the electromagnetic field intuitively exhibit the generation and action process of destructive interference. The theoretical investigation of the two‐oscillator model further confirms the effectiveness and consistency of the simulation results. In addition, the fourfold symmetric of the proposed PIT HMS supports the liberation from the dependence of incident polarization form. Such an implementation opens a new path for the designing of filtering, switching, and data storing devices.
Independent Wavefront Tailoring in Full Polarization Channels by Helicity‐Decoupled Metasurface
Authors: Ding Guowen , Chen Ke , Zhang Na , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractControlling the polarization and wavefront of light is essential for compact photonic systems in modern science and technology. This may be achieved by metasurfaces, a new platform that has radically changed the way people engineer wave–matter interactions. However, it still remains very challenging to generate versatile beams with independent wavefronts in each polarization channel by a single ultrathin metasurface. By modulating both the geometric and propagation phases of the metasurface, here a method is proposed that can generate an assembly of circularly and linearly polarized beams with simultaneously the capability of independent encoding desired wavefront to each individual polarization channel, which is believed to greatly enhance the information capacities of the metadevices. Two proof‐of‐concept designs are experimentally demonstrated in microwave region. Upon the excitation of an arbitrary linear polarization, the first device can generate distinct vortex beams with the desired two linear and two circular orthogonal polarizations, whereas the second one can generate multifoci containing components of full polarizations. This approach to generate versatile polarizations with tailored wavefront may pave a way to achieve advanced, flat, and multifunctional metadevice for integrated systems.
Effect of polycaprolactone on physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties of polyethylene oxide and polyamino acids nano block copolymers
Authors: Parhi Biswajit , Bharatiya Debasrita , Swain Sarat K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work aims to design robust and biocompatible nano block‐copolymers (NBCPs) of polycaprolactone@‐polyethylene oxide‐polyaminoacid (PCL@‐PEO‐PAAs) by ring‐opening polymerization. Mechanical behavior including modulus, elongation at yield and break of the tetra block copolymer are studied at room temperature. The significant result lies when the extension at break is reduced by four times with an addition of 2 and 3 wt% of PCL respectively. The tensile strength at yield is found to be 22.39 ± 3.6 MPa, 34.66 ± 5.8 MPa, and 22.906 ± 4.1 MPa for 1, 2, and 3 wt% PCL@‐PEO‐PAAs NBCPs respectively. The partial hydrophobic nature of designed 3 wt% NBCP plays an important role in decreasing the strain at break and increasing the elongation at break of the composites compared to other 1 and 2 wt% NBCPs. In vitro cytotoxicity is observed to be more effective in irregular spheroid shaped 2 wt% compared to 1 and 3 wt% NBCPs due to a greater number of the amphiphilic groups present in the PCL grafted PEO‐PAAs nano BCPs. The ζ potential value for 3, 2, and 1 wt% NBCPs are found to be −26.9, −24.7, and − 15.8 MeV respectively due to higher electrostatic repulsion and became suitably used for in vivo applications.
The cranial base and related internal anatomical features in Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens
Authors: Balzeau Antoine , Pagano Anthony 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe cranial anatomy of Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens is well documented in the paleoanthropological and medical literature. However, there are few high‐quality visual guides of their comparative morphology. We give here a detailed description of the anatomy of two important fossil specimens, La Chapelle‐aux‐Saints 1 and abri Pataud 1, based on high‐resolution imaging data with each specimen representing the respective morphologies of H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. We describe the comparative morphology of external, endocranial, and internal characteristics of the cranium, with a focus on the petrous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone. This descriptive approach shows differences between our specimens, including in positions of cerebral components relative to cranial structures and patterns of dural sinus drainage. Numerous external and internal differences in the shape of the petrous temporal are also described, including its articulation with the tympanic bone and the orientation of the petrotympanic crest. The presence of a large protuberance between the osseous Eustachian tube orifice and carotid foramen in H. neanderthalensis suggests that the levator veli palatini muscle took origin more laterally than the dilator tubae arm of the tensor veli palatini muscle, a feature shared with H. sapiens. The overall pattern that emerges is one in which two species have undergone large‐scale evolutionary changes in a functionally critical region. Such differences necessitate high‐quality visualization and consideration of both internal and external morphology.
Assessing kidney stone composition using smartphone microscopy and deep neural networks
Authors: Onal Ege Gungor , Tekgul Hakan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo propose a point‐of‐care image recognition system for kidney stone composition classification using smartphone microscopy and deep convolutional neural networks.Materials and methodsA total of 37 surgically extracted human kidney stones consisting of calcium oxalate (CaOx), cystine, uric acid (UA) and struvite stones were included in the study. All of the stones were fragmented from percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The stones were classified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis before obtaining smartphone microscope images. The size of the stones ranged from 5 to 10 mm in diameter. Nurugo 400× smartphone microscope (Nurugo, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was functionalized to acquire microscopic images (magnification = 25×) of dry kidney stones using iPhone 6s+ (Apple, Cupertino, CA, USA). Each kidney stone was imaged in six different locations. In total, 222 images were captured from 37 stones. A novel convolutional neural network architecture was built for classification, and the model was assessed using accuracy, positive predictive value, sensitivity and F1 scores.ResultsWe achieved an overall and weighted accuracy of 88% and 87%, respectively, with an average F1 score of 0.84. The positive predictive value, sensitivity and F1 score for each stone type were respectively reported as follows: CaOx (0.82, 0.83, 0.82), cystine (0.80, 0.88, 0.84), UA (0.92, 0.77, 0.85) and struvite (0.86, 0.84, 0.85).ConclusionWe demonstrate a rapid and accurate point of care diagnostics method for classifying the four types of kidney stones. In the future, diagnostic tools that combine smartphone microscopy with artificial intelligence (AI) can provide accessible health care that can support physicians in their decision‐making process.
Monolayer assembly of gold nanodots on polyelectrolyte support: A multifunctional electrocatalyst for reduction of oxygen and oxidation of sulfite and nitrite
Authors: Viswanathan Perumal , Lee Dohun , Manivannan Shanmugam , Yim Taeeun , Kim Kyuwon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present work demonstrates a monolayer self‐assembly of methionine‐capped gold nanodots (AuNDs) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its application in various electrocatalytic reactions. Positively charged poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PADA)‐modified GCE was used as electrode substrate and monolayer assembly of negatively charged AuNDs was performed over PADA‐modified GCE by simple dipping method. The successful modification of AuNDs on GCE was confirmed by characteristic cyclic voltammetry behavior of gold oxidation and reduction. Further to optimize the dipping time duration of AuNDs self‐assembly, dipping time‐dependent electrocatalysis was performed. Interestingly, the prepared AuNDs self‐assembled electrodes exhibit very good electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of oxygen with excellent methanol tolerance and simultaneous electrooxidation of pollutants and food additives, nitrite, and sulfite ions.
Disparities in telemedicine during COVID‐19
Authors: Qian Alexander S. , Schiaffino Melody K. , Nalawade Vinit , Aziz Lara , Pacheco Fernanda V. , Nguyen Bao , Vu Peter , Patel Sandip P. , Martinez Maria Elena , Murphy James D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOncology rapidly shifted to telemedicine in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Telemedicine can increase access to healthcare, but recent research has shown disparities exist with telemedicine use during the pandemic. This study evaluated health disparities associated with telemedicine uptake during the COVID‐19 pandemic among cancer patients in a tertiary care academic medical center.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated telemedicine use among adult cancer patients who received outpatient medical oncology care within a tertiary care academic healthcare system between January and September 2020. We used multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression models to determine how telemedicine use varied by patient race/ethnicity, primary language, insurance status, and income level. We assessed geospatial links between zip‐code level COVID‐19 infection rates and telemedicine use.ResultsAmong 29,421 patient encounters over the study period, 8,541 (29%) were delivered via telemedicine. Several groups of patients were less likely to use telemedicine, including Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.86, p = 0.03), Asian (aOR 0.79, p = 0.002), Spanish‐speaking (aOR 0.71, p = 0.0006), low‐income (aOR 0.67, p < 0.0001), and those with Medicaid (aOR 0.66, p < 0.0001). Lower rates of telemedicine use were found in zip codes with higher rates of COVID‐19 infection. Each 10% increase in COVID‐19 infection rates was associated with an 8.3% decrease in telemedicine use (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates racial/ethnic, language, and income‐level disparities with telemedicine use, which ultimately led patients with the highest risk of COVID‐19 infection to use telemedicine the least. Additional research to better understand actionable barriers will help improve telemedicine access among our underserved populations.