bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Termination of Pregnancy for Foetal Urological Abnormalities in England and Wales: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jeffery Megan , Tai-MacArthur Sarah , Shangaris Panicos , Duggan Martin , Spencer Julia , Sankaran Srividhya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe detection of developmental abnormalities in the foetus is considered an essential component of antenatal screening. Among the most frequently identified sonographically, and possibly one of the easiest recognised, are those affecting the urinary tract, with an incidence of 1–4 in 1000 pregnancies. As such, foetal urological abnormalities represent up to 30% of all prenatally diagnosed congenital anomalies. We analysed information recorded on the Health and Social Act 4 (HSA4) forms submitted to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) for 2015 to 2019. There were 915 cases of termination of pregnancy for foetal urological anomaly between 2015 and 2019 in England and Wales, representing 0.09% of total abortions. There has been a steady increase in cases, from 186 in 2015 to 222 in 2018, followed by a more recent decline in 2019 to 172. All 915 cases were justified under Ground E of The Abortion Act 1967. Most terminations of pregnancy for foetal urological anomaly were carried out at 20 weeks gestation. Isolated urinary tract single diagnoses were the commonest, with megacystis being the most prevalent, followed by bilateral renal agenesis and bilateral cystic kidneys. Nearly a third of cases (32.2%) were performed in women aged 30–34 years, and almost 4/5 of women (78.7%) were of White ethnicity. Foetal urological abnormality is a complex issue affecting a significant minority of pregnant women. When severe abnormalities are detected by prenatal diagnosis, most women choose to terminate the pregnancy.
Asia Partnership Conference of Pharmaceutical Associations (APAC) Report on Regulatory Agility Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Inspiring Partnerships and Recommendations for the Way Forward
Authors: Chong Sannie Siaw Foong , Kanno Masaaki , Chee Alice Seat Mee , Long Siew Mei , Ong Stephanie Hui Min , Harnpramukkul Usanee , Binos Richard Simon R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Asia Partnership Conference of Pharmaceutical Associations (APAC) promote regulatory agility of four important best practices i.e. reliance, digital platform, accepting electronic document and process integration. Dialogues and strong partnership witnessed reforms and efficiencies amidst the pandemic. In tracking the progress of regulatory agility, APAC identifies areas for improvement and recommends prioritizing these areas for change.

Methods
As one voice, 13 main industry associations under the umbrella of APAC sent joint letters to our National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) with a call to maintain regulatory agility and consider new ways of working. Consequently, APAC surveyed its member associations to measure regulatory agilities implemented by the NRAs during 2020 and 2021 in view of the pandemic.

Results
This paper reports progress in implementing regulatory agility, e.g. the number of economies that can accept electronic Certificate of Pharmaceutical Products (eCPP) has reached 100% for the economies that require CPP and more than 90% can waive onsite inspection in the presence of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certificate and/or inspection report. The paper also features the progress made in Malaysia, the Philippines, and the ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) regional reliance initiative to reduce inefficiencies and duplications.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated the power of working together to enable regulatory agilities and efficiencies. APAC will continue to track the progress of all economies including India within the areas for improvement prioritized and discussed in this paper. APAC is also committed to working with key stakeholders including our NRAs in Asia to sustain and enable a new era of innovation ushered in by COVID-19 to benefit patients.
DrSim: Similarity Learning for Transcriptional Phenotypic Drug Discovery
Authors: Wei Zhiting , Zhu Sheng , Chen Xiaohan , Zhu Chenyu , Duan Bin , Liu Qi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transcriptional phenotypic drug discovery has achieved great success, and various compound perturbation-based data resources, such as connectivity map (CMap) and library of integrated network-based cellular signatures (LINCS), have been presented. Computational strategies fully mining these resources for phenotypic drug discovery have been proposed. Among them, the fundamental issue is to define the proper similarity between transcriptional profiles. Traditionally, such similarity has been defined in an unsupervised way. However, due to the high dimensionality and the existence of high noise in high-throughput data, similarity defined in the traditional way lacks robustness and has limited performance. To this end, we present DrSim, which is a learning-based framework that automatically infers similarity rather than defining it. We evaluated DrSim on publicly available in vitro and in vivo datasets in drug annotation and repositioning. The results indicated that DrSim outperforms the existing methods. In conclusion, by learning transcriptional similarity, DrSim facilitates the broad utility of high-throughput transcriptional perturbation data for phenotypic drug discovery. The source code and manual of DrSim are available at https://github.com/bm2-lab/DrSim/.
Diabetic foot limb threatening infections: Case series and management review
Authors: Hatem Mohamed Abdulhameed , Kamal Dhafer M. , Yusuf Khalifa Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction and importance
Limb-threatening infections are among the most serious diabetic foot complications that can rapidly escalate into tissue necrosis. In addition, treatment delays can lead to infection progression within hours, putting the patient at high risk for amputation. Therefore, early disease identification, proper assessment, and aggressive intervention are vital for managing this complication.

Case presentation
The study presents three cases with limb-threatening infections: a 55-year-old diabetic male with chronic renal disease, a 68-year-old diabetic male with hypertension and ischemic heart disease, and a 60-year-old diabetic male.

Clinical discussion
A combination of surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy is vital for limb and patient survival. The surgical treatment consists of drainage of pus and removal of necrotic and infected tissue, with the integration of appropriate systemic metabolic management and a multidisciplinary team approach. Once the infection is controlled, early vascular intervention is performed, followed by debridement of necrotic soft tissues, with or without revision of the amputation stump. Surgery aims to control the infection, preserve patient health, and maintain a functional limb. Thus, the surgeon must understand foot anatomy and compartments and be familiar with wound healing in diabetic patients.

Conclusion
Diabetic foot complications are preventable through a multidisciplinary management team approach. This management approach is effective in improving limb salvage rates. Since the prevalence of diabetic and diabetic foot infection worldwide is increasing, evidence-based guidelines, multidisciplinary teams, and institution-specific clinical processes should be implemented to guide the optimal care of this problem.

Highlights
Mapping Antarctic and Arctic Women: An exploration of polar women’s experiences and contributions through place names
Authors: Devine Carol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this commentary, I investigate the Poles differently, and in situ, rather than only as stereotypically barren uninhabited expansive places on a globe or maps. The human stories are behind the relatively white space on which few place names are marked. But the more visible ones are made and told through a male-dominated, colonial narrator and mapmaker, until more recently. Cartography, like history, has overwhelmingly documented men’s worlds, stories, dominations and accomplishments, creating a virtual whiteout of women’s and notably Indigenous women’s stories also in polar regions. In this commentary, I report on a journey into (re)mapmaking I did of women’s stories told through female place names and toponymies of women especially in the Antarctic, through a crowd-sourced project, Mapping Antarctic Women. I explore not only mapping female place names and women’s stories in the Arctic, exploring gendered, colonial and western culture mapping but also newer digital Indigenous place name mapping and also mapping of human-exacerbated changes in the ice that makes the Antarctic map.
Redressing the emperor in causal clothing
Authors: Btesh Victor J. , Bramley Neil R. , Lagnado David A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over-flexibility in the definition of Friston blankets obscures a key distinction between observational and interventional inference. The latter requires cognizers form not just a causal representation of the world but also of their own boundary and relationship with it, in order to diagnose the consequences of their actions. We suggest this locates the blanket in the eye of the beholder.
Return of the math: Markov blankets, dynamical systems theory, and the bounds of mind
Authors: Colling Lincoln John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bruineberg and colleagues highlight work using Markov blankets to demarcate the bounds of the mind. This echoes earlier attempts to demarcate the bounds of the mind from a dynamical systems perspective. Advocates of mechanistic explanation have challenged the dynamical approach to independently motivate the application of the formalism, a challenge that Markov blanket theorists must also meet.
The seductive allure of cargo cult computationalism
Authors: Allen Micah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bruineberg and colleagues report a striking confusion, in which the formal Bayesian notion of a “Markov blanket” has been frequently misunderstood and misapplied to phenomena of mind and life. I argue that misappropriation of formal concepts is pervasive in the “predictive processing” literature, and echo Richard Feynman in suggesting how we might resist the allure of cargo cult computationalism.
Free-energy pragmatics: Markov blankets don't prescribe objective ontology, and that's okay
Authors: Hipólito Inês , van Es Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We target the ontological and epistemological ramifications of the proposed distinction between Friston and Pearl blankets. We emphasize the need for empirical testing next to computational modeling. A peculiar aspect of the free energy principle (FEP) is its purported support of radically opposed ontologies of the mind. In our view, the objective ontological aspiration itself should be rejected for a pragmatic instrumentalist view.
Markov blankets and Bayesian territories
Authors: Beck Jeff 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bruineberg et al. argue that one ought not confuse the map (model) for the territory (reality) and delineate a distinction between innocuous Pearl blankets and metaphysically laden Friston blankets. I argue that all we have are models, all knowledge is conditional, and that if there is a Pearl/Friston distinction, it is a matter of the domain of application: latents or observations. This suggests that, if anything, Friston blankets may inherit philosophical significance previously assigned to observations.
Relocation and Dislocation: Civilian, Refugee, and Military Movement as Factors in the Disintegration of Postwar China, 1945–49
Authors: Mitter Rana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article argues that massive human displacement was one of the defining factors in China's immediate postwar period (1945–49). It shows that at least three distinctive groups were dispersed during the wartime years and needed to be resettled after the war ended in August 1945: civilian refugees, administrators who had been relocated to the temporary capital at Chongqing, and troops transferred in anticipation of an upcoming civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists. The article argues that China's new sovereign status in 1945 was paradoxically a source of weakness when it came to resettlement and reconstruction, as China sought international funds to undertake its own reconstruction, but could not demit responsibility to an external actor to organise matters as the United States did for western Europe. A growing sense of anomie and unsettlement prevented resettlement and China remained a zone in which international and domestic conflict came together. Both sets of factors shaped the dislocation that destroyed the possibilities of a stable resettlement in China after the great displacement of wartime.
Food insecurity is associated with self-reported oral health in school-age Ecuadorian children and is mediated by dietary and non-dietary factors
Authors: Weigel M Margaret , Armijos Rodrigo X 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:The main objective was to investigate the association of household food insecurity (HFI) with child oral health. A secondary objective was to explore potential dietary and non-dietary mediators of the HFI–child oral health relationship.Design:Cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey (2018) were analysed. The data included self-reported child oral health, HFI (Food Insecurity Experience Scale), diet (FFQ) and oral care behaviours (toothbrushing frequency, toothpaste use). The association of HFI with the reported number of oral health problems was examined with stereotype logistic regression. Parallel mediation analysis was used to explore potential dietary (highly fermentable carbohydrate foods, plain water) and non-dietary (toothbrushing) mediators of the HFI–oral health relationship. Bias-corrected standard errors and 95 % CI were obtained using non-parametric bootstrapping (10 000 repetitions). Effect size was measured by percent mediation (PM).Setting:Ecuador.Participants:5–17-year-old children (n23 261).Results:HFI affected 23 % of child households. 38·5 % of children have at least one oral health problem. HFI was associated with a greater number of oral health problems: 1–2 problems (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1·37; 95 % CI (1·15, 1·58);P= 0·0001), 3–4 problems (AOR = 2·21; 95 % CI (1·98, 2·44);P= 0·0001), 5–6 problems (AOR = 2·57; 95 % CI (2·27, 2·88);P= 0·0001). The HFI–oral health relationship was partially mediated by highly fermentable carbohydrate foods (PM= 4·3 %), plain water (PM= 1·8 %) and toothbrushing frequency (PM= 3·3 %).Conclusions:HFI was associated with poorer child oral health. The HFI–oral health relationship was partially mediated by dietary and non-dietary factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our findings and investigate the role of other potential mediators.
Effect of tumour involvement on activity determination of resin Yttrium-90 in selective internal radiation therapy of metastatic liver cancer
Authors: Li Jun , Yu Yan , Anne Rani 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of tumour involvement on resin Yttrium-90 (Y90) activity determination for metastatic liver cancer treatment.

Methods:
One hundred and two cases of resin Y90 microsphere treatment were retrospectively studied. Body surface area (BSA) method was used in the calculation of resin Y90 activity. The total activity (TA) was calculated as a summation of activities obtained from BSA-based calculation and tumour involvement (TI). TI and TA of each case were evaluated. The contributions of TI to TA were calculated with the ratio of TI/TA.

Results:
The average contribution of TI to TA was 4·1%. The contributions were < 5·8% in 75% of the cases, < 2·2% in 50% of the cases and < 1·0% in 25% of the cases.

Conclusions:
Overall the effect of tumour involvement on the activity determination was small. The activity calculation could be simplified by neglecting TI in 25% of the cases where the activity contribution from TI was less than 1%. Contouring tumour and liver structures for TI calculation could be avoided in these cases, and the efficiency of the workflow for resin Y90 procedures could be improved.
Conceptualizing good global statehood: progressive foreign policy after the populist moment
Authors: Gilmore Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article explores the theoretical challenges for normatively progressive foreign policy following the rise of populist nationalism during the 2010s, using analytical concepts from the English School. It argues that populist nationalism exposes a problem of internal dissensus on the future trajectories of solidarist international society, within the Western states that have traditionally been its principal supporters. The ‘populist moment’ reveals problems of disconnection between domestic publics, the practices, and institutions of contemporary international society, and state actions that are premised in part on ethical regard for non-citizens. The article contends that, as an interface point between rooted communities and global ethical concerns, progressive foreign policy approaches have an important role to play in ameliorating these disconnections. However, these approaches must look beyond a simple ‘re-booting’ of liberal internationalism, focussing instead on building a path towards solidarist international society that is rooted in everyday-lived experiences, communities, and identities within the state. Building upon theorizations of good international citizenship, the article advances an alternative framework of good global statehood, which draws upon a coproduction methodology as a means of creating progressive foreign policies that are better attuned to pluralism and diversity across, but also within state borders.
On the Improvement of Mass Load Inversion With GNSS Horizontal Deformation: A Synthetic Study in Central China
Authors: Wang Song‐Yun , Li Jin , Chen Jianli , Hu Xiao‐Gong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe carry out synthetic experiments of mass load inversion using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical and horizontal displacements in Central China. Using two synthetic mass load models from a checkerboard mass distribution and a more realistic distribution derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations, the inverted mass changes are determined based on the load theory and then compared with the known mass‐change inputs. We find that the combination of horizontal displacements with the commonly used vertical displacements significantly improves the inversion results when the number of sites is larger than one third of the number of total grids with relatively uniform distribution over the region. Synthetic tests demonstrate that data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, including the total number of GNSS sites, spatial distribution, and precision, are sufficient to infer the annual amplitudes of mass changes in the region with comparable spatial resolution as that of GRACE observations. For the current precision level of the GNSS surface displacements (3.0 mm in the vertical and 1.0 mm in the horizontal components), including horizontal displacements leads to ∼10% improvement in mass inversion, compared to using vertical displacements only. With a higher precision level of 0.50 and 0.17 mm (for vertical and horizontal components, respectively), an improvement of ∼20% can be achieved.
Comparing Model Representations of Physiological Limits on Transpiration at a Semi‐Arid Ponderosa Pine Site
Authors: Hawkins Linnia R. , Bassouni Maoya , Anderegg William R. L. , Venturas Martin D. , Good Stephen P. , Kwon Hyojung J. , Hanson Chad V. , Fiorella Richard P. , Bowen Gabriel J. , Still Christopher J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMechanistic representations of biogeochemical processes in ecosystem models are rapidly advancing, requiring advancements in model evaluation approaches. Here we quantify multiple aspects of model functional performance to evaluate improved process representations in ecosystem models. We compare semi‐empirical stomatal models with hydraulic constraints against more mechanistic representations of stomatal and hydraulic functioning at a semi‐arid pine site using a suite of metrics and analytical tools. We find that models generally perform similarly under unstressed conditions, but performance diverges under atmospheric and soil drought. The more empirical models better capture synergistic information flows between soil water potential and vapor pressure deficit to transpiration, while the more mechanistic models are overly deterministic. Although models can be parameterized to yield similar functional performance, alternate parameterizations could not overcome structural model constraints that underestimate the unique information contained in soil water potential about transpiration. Additionally, both multilayer canopy and big‐leaf models were unable to capture the magnitude of canopy temperature divergence from air temperature, and we demonstrate that errors in leaf temperature can propagate to considerable error in simulated transpiration. This study demonstrates the value of merging underutilized observational data streams with emerging analytical tools to characterize ecosystem function and discriminate among model process representations.
Study of the Average Ion Mass of the Dayside Magnetospheric Plasma
Authors: Del Corpo Alfredo , Vellante Massimo , Zhelavskaya Irina S. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Heilig Balázs , Reda Jan , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Lichtenberger János 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe investigation of heavy ions dynamics and properties in the Earth's magnetosphere is still an important field of research as they play an important role in several space weather aspects. We present a statistical survey of the average ion mass in the dayside magnetosphere made comparing plasma mass density with electron number density measurements and focusing on both spatial and geomagnetic activity dependence. Field line resonance frequency observations across the European quasi‐Meridional Magnetometer Array, are used to infer the equatorial plasma mass density in the range of magnetic L‐shells 1.6–6.2. The electron number density is derived from local electric field measurements made on Van Allen Probes using the Neural‐network‐based Upper‐hybrid Resonance Determination algorithm. The analysis is conducted separately for the plasmasphere and the plasmatrough during favorable periods for which both the plasma parameters are observed simultaneously. We found that throughout the plasmasphere the average ion mass is ≃1 amu for a wide range of geomagnetic activity conditions, suggesting that the plasma mainly consist of hydrogen ions, without regard to the level of geomagnetic activity. Conversely, the plasmatrough is characterized by a variable composition, highlighting a heavy ion mass loading that increases with increasing levels of geomagnetic disturbance. During the most disturbed conditions, the average radial structure shows a broad maximum around 3–4 Earth radii, probably correlated with the accumulation of oxygen ions near the plasmapause. Those ions are mostly observed in the post‐dawn and pre‐dusk longitudinal sectors.