bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Karjalainen Katja , Tornberg Iina , Pursiainen Aleksi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBased on its chapters, this introduction of International Actors and the Formation of Laws observes the discourse that creates, modifies, and reshapes the law as well as addresses actors that participate in that discourse. After addressing the point of departure shortly (Sect. 1), it first sets forth different international actors and their impact on the formation of laws (Sect. 2), and second, introduces the authors and the material scope of each chapter (Sect. 3). The introduction illuminates, the point demonstrated by the book, that in contemporary world law is mobile and emerges in the intersection of domestic, European, international, and even transnational legal regimes. It explains how the space for traditional domestic lawmaking shrinks and how the remaining bit becomes profoundly influenced by nondomestic factors. The book demonstrates that the product, the forming law, nevertheless bears the handprint of the actors participated in its formation. By noting the background of the authors as members of the Finnish Branch of International Law Association (ILA), the introduction acknowledges that the book presents pragmatism inherent to Nordic legal tradition.
The Role of the ILA in the Restatement and Evolution of International and National Law Relating to Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Koivurova Timo , Lenzerini Federico , Wiessner Siegfried 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe main goal of this chapter is to explore the International Law Association’s (ILA’s) role in the restatement and ongoing evolution of Indigenous rights in international and national law. It first examines the way in which the main instrument for Indigenous peoples from a global viewpoint came into being and what its basic content amounts to. The chapter then assesses the role played by the ILA during the period of the first ILA Committee’s (Committee on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples) mandate in restating and influencing the evolution of international law as it relates to Indigenous peoples. It also examines the contribution made by the second ILA Committee (Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the International Law Association) in ascertaining a possible implementation gap between international standards in respect of Indigenous peoples and the reality of certain cases on the ground, as well as the development of best practices to overcome it. Thereafter, this chapter draws conclusions on the ILA’s role in the evolutionary process of the law relating to Indigenous peoples.
Choosing Wordlists for Password Guessing: An Adaptive Multi-armed Bandit Approach
Authors: Murray Hazel , Malone David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA password guesser often uses wordlists (e.g. lists of previously leaked passwords, dictionaries of words in different languages, and lists of the most common passwords) to guess unknown passwords. The attacker needs to make a decision about what guesses to make and in what order. In an online guessing environment this is particularly important as they may be locked out after a certain number of wrong guesses. In this paper, we employ a multi-armed bandit model to show that an adaptive strategy can actively learn characteristics of the passwords it is guessing, and can leverage this information to dynamically weight the most appropriate wordlist. We also show that this can be used to identify the nationality of the users in a password set, and that guessing can be improved by guessing using passwords chosen by other users of the same nationality.
Role of protozooplankton in the diet of North Sea autumn spawning herring (Clupea harengus) larvae
Authors: Bils Franziska , Aberle Nicole , van Damme Cindy J. G. , Peck Myron A. , Moyano Marta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of small prey (< 200 µm) in larval marine fish nutrition is largely understudied. Here, we explore the contribution of protozooplankton (PZP 20–200 µm) to larval fish diets, compared to metazoan microzooplankton (MZP 55–200 µm). More specifically, we tested whether the contribution of PZP increased during the low productivity season and decreased as larvae grow. We used North Sea autumn spawning herring (Clupea harengus) as a case study, as it is a key species with high commercial and ecological importance. In autumn and winter, the potential PZP and MZP prey was dominated by cells < 50 µm (mainly Gymnodiniales, Pronoctiluca pelagica,Tripos spp. and Strombidium spp.), while copepod nauplii and copepodites where more abundant in autumn than in winter. Based on their trophic enrichment (∆15 N), larvae preferentially grazed on small MZP < 50 µm rather than PZP both in autumn and winter. Larvae of different body size (range 8–14 mm standard length) fed at the same trophic level but on different prey (similar δ15N but different δ13C). Growth rates (based on RNA/DNA estimates) were similar in autumn and winter, suggesting that growth was not affected by station-specific differences in the composition of the prey field. Our results not only underscore the important role of MZP on larval herring diets both in autumn and wintertime, but also emphasize the limitations of bulk stable isotope analysis. Given the current low recruitment in North Sea herring, these results provide significant information for future monitoring approaches relevant to stock assessment of this species.
On transfer Krull monoids
Authors: Bashir Aqsa , Reinhart Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet H be a cancellative commutative monoid, let $$\mathcal {A}(H)$$

A
(
H
)

be the set of atoms of H and let $$\widetilde{H}$$

H
~

be the root closure of H. Then H is called transfer Krull if there exists a transfer homomorphism from H into a Krull monoid. It is well known that both half-factorial monoids and Krull monoids are transfer Krull monoids. In spite of many examples and counterexamples of transfer Krull monoids (that are neither Krull nor half-factorial), transfer Krull monoids have not been studied systematically (so far) as objects on their own. The main goal of the present paper is to attempt the first in-depth study of transfer Krull monoids. We investigate how the root closure of a monoid can affect the transfer Krull property and under what circumstances transfer Krull monoids have to be half-factorial or Krull. In particular, we show that if $$\widetilde{H}$$

H
~

is a DVM, then H is transfer Krull if and only if $$H\subseteq \widetilde{H}$$

H
⊆

H
~

is inert. Moreover, we prove that if $$\widetilde{H}$$

H
~

is factorial, then H is transfer Krull if and only if $$\mathcal {A}(\widetilde{H})=\{u\varepsilon \mid u\in \mathcal {A}(H),\varepsilon \in \widetilde{H}^{\times }\}$$

A

(

H
~

)

=

{
u
ε
∣
u
∈
A

(
H
)

,
ε
∈

H
~

×

}

. We also show that if $$\widetilde{H}$$

H
~

is half-factorial, then H is transfer Krull if and only if $$\mathcal {A}(H)\subseteq \mathcal {A}(\widetilde{H})$$

A

(
H
)

⊆
A

(

H
~

)

. Finally, we point out that characterizing the transfer Krull property is more intricate for monoids whose root closure is Krull. This is done by providing a series of counterexamples involving reduced affine monoids.
Natural history of MRI brain volumes in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 3: a sensitive imaging biomarker
Authors: Hochstein Jan-Niklas , Schulz A. , Nickel M. , Lezius S. , Grosser M. , Fiehler J. , Sedlacik J. , Löbel U. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Grey matter (GM) atrophy due to neuronal loss is a striking feature of patients with CLN3 disease. A precise and quantitative description of disease progression is needed in order to establish an evaluation tool for current and future experimental treatments. In order to develop a quantitative marker to measure brain volume outcome, we analysed the longitudinal volumetric development of GM, white matter (WM) and lateral ventricles and correlated those with the clinical course.

Methods
One hundred twenty-two MRI scans of 35 patients (21 females; 14 males; age 15.3 ± 4.8 years) with genetically confirmed CLN3 disease were performed. A three-dimensional T1-weighted sequence was acquired with whole brain coverage. Volumetric segmentation of the brain was performed with the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. The clinical severity was assessed by the Hamburg jNCL score, a disease-specific scoring system.

Results
The volumes of supratentorial cortical GM and supratentorial WM, cerebellar GM, basal ganglia/thalamus and hippocampus significantly (r =  − 0.86 to − 0.69, p < 0.0001) decreased with age, while the lateral ventricle volume increased (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001). Supratentorial WM volume correlated poorer with age (r =  − 0.56, p = 0.0001). Supratentorial cortical GM volume showed the steepest (4.6% (± 0.2%)) and most uniform decrease with strongest correlation with age (r =  − 0.86, p < 0.0001). In addition, a strong correlation with disease specific clinical scoring existed for the supratentorial cortical GM volume (r = 0.85, p =  < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Supratentorial cortical GM volume is a sensitive parameter for assessment of disease progression even in early and late disease stages and represents a potential reliable outcome measure for evaluation of experimental therapies.
The FADS1 genotypes modify the effect of linoleic acid-enriched diet on adipose tissue inflammation via pro-inflammatory eicosanoid metabolism
Authors: Vaittinen Maija , Lankinen Maria A. , Käkelä Pirjo , Ågren Jyrki , Wheelock Craig E. , Laakso Markku , Schwab Ursula , Pihlajamäki Jussi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) variants associate with fatty acid (FA) and adipose tissue (AT) metabolism and inflammation. Thus, the role of FADS1 variants in the regulation of dietary linoleic acid (LA)-induced effects on AT inflammation was investigated.

Methods
Subjects homozygotes for the TT and CC genotypes of the FADS1-rs174550 (TT, n = 25 and CC, n = 28) or -rs174547 (TT, n = 42 and CC, n = 28), were either recruited from the METabolic Syndrome In Men cohort to participate in an intervention with LA-enriched diet (FADSDIET) or from the Kuopio Obesity Surgery (KOBS) study. GC and LC–MS for plasma FA proportions and eicosanoid concentrations and AT gene expression for AT inflammatory score (AT-InSc) was determined.

Results
We observed a diet-genotype interaction between LA-enriched diet and AT-InSc in the FADSDIET. In the KOBS study, interleukin (IL)1 beta mRNA expression in AT was increased in subjects with the TT genotype and highest LA proportion. In the FADSDIET, n-6/LA proportions correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype but not with the CC genotype after LA-enriched diet. Specifically, LA- and AA-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids related to CYP450/sEH-pathways correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype, whereas in those with the CC genotype, the negative correlations between pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and AT-InSc related to COX/LOX-pathways.

Conclusions
LA-enriched diet increases inflammatory AT gene expression in subjects with the TT genotype, while CC genotype could play a protective role against LA-induced AT inflammation. Overall, the FADS1 variant could modify the dietary LA-induced effects on AT inflammation through the differential biosynthesis of AA-derived eicosanoids.
Cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma undergoing standard chemotherapy: a longitudinal feasibility study
Authors: Gates Priscilla , Krishnasamy Meinir , Wilson Carlene , Hawkes Eliza A. , Doré Vincent , Perchyonok Yuliya , Rowe Christopher C. , Walker Adam K. , Vardy Janette L. , de Ruiter Michiel B. , Cushion Tania , Dhillon Haryana M. , Gough Karla 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a recognised adverse consequence of cancer and its treatment. This study assessed the feasibility of collecting longitudinal data on cognition in patients with newly diagnosed, aggressive lymphoma undergoing standard therapy with curative intent via self-report, neuropsychological assessment, peripheral markers of inflammation, and neuroimaging. An exploration and description of patterns of cancer-related cognitive impairment over the course of treatment and recovery was also undertaken and will be reported separately.

Methods
Eligible participants completed repeated measures of cognition including self-report and neuropsychological assessment, and correlates of cognition including blood cell–based inflammatory markers, and neuroimaging at three pre-specified timepoints, time 1 (T1) — pre-treatment (treatment naïve), time 2 (T2) — mid-treatment, and time 3 (T3) — 6 to 8 weeks post-completion of treatment.

Results
30/33 eligible patients (91%, 95% CI: 76%, 97%) were recruited over 10 months. The recruitment rate was 3 patients/month (95% CI: 2.0, 4.3 patients/month). Reasons for declining included feeling overwhelmed and rapid treatment commencement. Mean age was 57 years (SD = 17 years) and 16/30 (53%) were male. Most patients (20/30, 67%) had diffuse large B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma (4/30, 13%). The neuroimaging sub-study was optional, 11/30 participants (37%) were eligible to take part, and all agreed. The remaining 19 participants were ineligible as their diagnostic PET/CT scan was completed prior. Retention and compliance with all assessments were 89 to 100% at all timepoints. Only one participant was withdrawn due to disease progression.

Conclusions
Findings from this study including excellent recruitment, retention, and compliance rates demonstrate it is feasible to longitudinally assess cognition in people with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma during their initial treatment and recovery to inform the development of future research to improve patient experiences and cognitive outcomes.
Trial registration.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001649101.
Custom-made hinged total knee arthroplasties in the context of extra-articular deformity: a case series
Authors: Nuutinen Timo K. , Madanat R. , Både K. W. , Ristolainen L. H. , Kauppinen H. , Manninen M. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of secondary knee osteoarthritis with a significant extra-articular deformity can be challenging. In such cases, an osteotomy or a custom-made hinged knee arthroplasy (CMH) are treatment options. However, there are limited data on the outcomes of using CMHs. Thus, the aim of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical results and subjective outcomes of CMHs.

Methods
We reviewed 9 CMHs (Endo-Model, LINK) in 7 patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Upon the last follow-up, we evaluated MA, stability and range of movement (ROM). Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was used to evaluate patient-reported outcomes.

Results
The average age upon surgery was 61 years (48–76 years), and the follow-up period was 66 months. There were no early complications. Two CMHs were revised, one due to aseptic loosening and one due to late-onset haematogenic infection. Pre-operatively, MA varied from 18° (average 11°) valgus-deformity to 30° (average 17°) varus-deformity. Post-operatively, 7/9 (78%) of patients achieved better MA. Upon follow-up, the average OKS was 41/48, and ROM was 113°.

Conclusions
Patients treated with CMHs achieved good clinical and patient-reported outcomes. There were no early reoperations, and revision rate was relatively low. Overall, CMH could be considered for low-demand patients with increased operative risks.
The effects of the climatic change on daily maximum and minimum temperatures along 102 years (1917–2018) recorded at the Fabra Observatory, Barcelona
Authors: Lana X. , Serra C. , Martínez M. D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTime trends and their statistical significance for daily minimum, Tmin, and maximum, Tmax, temperatures recorded at the Fabra Observatory (Barcelona) along 102 years (1917–2018) permit to analyse the evolution of every one of the 365 calendar days along the recording period. Relevant changes in the daily temperature regime have been quantified not only by time trends and the Mann–Kendall test, but also by the multifractal analysis applied to consecutive segments of daily temperature data. The evolution of several multifractal parameters (the central Hölder exponent, the spectral asymmetry and spectral amplitude, the complexity index and the Hurst exponent) provides a complementary viewpoint to describe the evolution of the thermometric regime along the 102 recorded years. At monthly scale, the effects of the climate change are characterised by significant positive trends from September to December and very moderate negative trends from April to July. With respect to changes in the calendar-day structure, it is noticeable a shift of the highest minimum and maximum daily temperature from July to August (year 2018) to the beginning of September (projections for years 2030 and 2050) and the projected highest maximum calendar-day temperature exceeding 30 °C.
FDG PET in the differential diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian disorders: usefulness of voxel-based analysis in clinical practice
Authors: Arnone Annachiara , Allocca Michela , Di Dato Rossella , Puccini Giulia , Laghai Iashar , Rubino Federica , Nerattini Matilde , Ramat Silvia , Lombardi Gemma , Ferrari Camilla , Bessi Valentina , Sorbi Sandro , De Cristofaro Maria Teresa , Polito Cristina , Berti Valentina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The early differential diagnosis among neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders becomes essential to set up the correct clinical-therapeutic approach. The increased utilization of [18F] fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and the pressure for cost-effectiveness request a systematic evaluation and a validation of its utility in clinical practice. This retrospective study aims to consider the contribution, in terms of increasing accuracy and increasing diagnostic confidence, of voxel-based FDG PET analyses in the differential diagnosis of these disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and cortico-basal syndrome.

Method
Eighty-three subjects with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian disorders who underwent FDG brain PET/CT were selected. A voxel-based analysis was set up using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) on MATLAB to produce maps of brain hypometabolism and relative hypermetabolism. Four nuclear physicians (two expert and two not expert), blinded to the patients’ symptoms, other physicians’ evaluations, and final clinical diagnosis, independently evaluated all data by visual assessment and by adopting metabolic maps.

Results
In not-expert evaluators, the support of both hypometabolism and hypermetabolism maps results in a significant increase in diagnostic accuracy as well as clinical confidence. In expert evaluators, the increase in accuracy and in diagnostic confidence is mainly supported by hypometabolism maps alone.

Conclusions
In this study, we demonstrated the additional value of combining voxel-based analyses with qualitative assessment of brain PET images. Moreover, maps of relative hypermetabolism can also make their contribution in clinical practice, particularly for less experienced evaluators.
Subgradient ellipsoid method for nonsmooth convex problems
Authors: Rodomanov Anton , Nesterov Yurii 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new ellipsoid-type algorithm for solving nonsmooth problems with convex structure. Examples of such problems include nonsmooth convex minimization problems, convex-concave saddle-point problems and variational inequalities with monotone operator. Our algorithm can be seen as a combination of the standard Subgradient and Ellipsoid methods. However, in contrast to the latter one, the proposed method has a reasonable convergence rate even when the dimensionality of the problem is sufficiently large. For generating accuracy certificates in our algorithm, we propose an efficient technique, which ameliorates the previously known recipes (Nemirovski in Math Oper Res 35(1):52–78, 2010).
Conormal Spaces and Whitney Stratifications
Authors: Helmer Martin , Nanda Vidit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe describe a new algorithm for computing Whitney stratifications of complex projective varieties. The main ingredients are (a) an algebraic criterion, due to Lê and Teissier, which reformulates Whitney regularity in terms of conormal spaces and maps, and (b) a new interpretation of this conormal criterion via ideal saturations, which can be practically implemented on a computer. We show that this algorithm improves upon the existing state of the art by several orders of magnitude, even for relatively small input varieties. En route, we introduce related algorithms for efficiently stratifying affine varieties, flags on a given variety, and algebraic maps.
Does context matter? Exploring the effects of productive structures on the relationship between innovation and workforce skills’ complementarity
Authors: Castellano Rosalia , Musella Gaetano , Punzo Gennaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInnovation is often seen as a crucial factor for regional economic growth. Many strands of literature have investigated the role of agglomeration externalities or workers’ skills in the innovation capacity of the territory without ever considering their interaction. Using fixed-effects Poisson regression models on official data for 2014–2019 in the Italian regions, this paper aims twofold. First, by controlling for region-specific variables, the paper explores how workforce skills’ complementarity (overlapped skills, connected skills, unlinked skills) and productive structure (i.e. MAR specialised or Jacobs diversified structures) foster innovation. Second, the paper investigates how innovation processes depend on the alternative configurations deriving from the interactions between the productive structure and workers’ skills. While all types of skills participate in the innovation generation process in MAR specialised contexts, only connected skills positively affect innovation performance in Jacobs contexts. Guidelines are provided to help policymakers and managers who increasingly require regional place-based approaches to stimulate innovation.
Examining Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Young Survivors of Urban Violence
Authors: Tabb Loni Philip , Rich John A. , Waite Daria , Alberto Cinthya , Harris Erica , Gardner James , Gentile Nina , Corbin Theodore J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur study examines the association between Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among survivors of violence. In this cross-sectional study, an ACE questionnaire and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were completed by 147 participants ≤ 3 months after presenting to a Philadelphia, PA emergency department between 2014 and 2019 with a violent injury. This study treated ACEs, both separate and cumulative, as exposures and PTSD symptom severity as the outcome. Most participants (63.3%) met criteria for provisional PTSD, 90% reported experiencing ≥ 1 ACE, and 39% reported experiencing ≥ 6 ACEs. Specific ACEs were associated with increasing PCL-5 scores and increased risk for provisional PTSD. Additionally, as participants’ cumulative ACE scores increased, their PCL-5 scores worsened (b = 0.16; p < 0.05), and incremental ACE score increases predicted increased odds for a positive provisional PTSD screen. Results provide further evidence that ACEs exacerbate the development of PTSD in young survivors of violence. Future research should explore targeted interventions to treat PTSD among survivors of interpersonal violence.