bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated effects of water stress and plastic film mulch on yield and water use efficiency of grain maize crop under conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method
Authors: Soothar Rajesh Kumar , Khan Waseem Asghar , Rahu Aftab Ahmed , Wang Yaosheng , Mirjat Muhammad Uris , Soomro Shoukat Ali , Chandio Farman Ali , Mangrio Munir Ahmed , Mohammed Mogtaba , Alhussain Ziyad Ali , Osman Siddiga , Farooq Fozia Bashir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The field trial was carried out at the Malir farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam to evaluate the irrigation water practices on the performance of grain maize yield. In field experiment involved two types of furrow irrigation methods (conventional and alternate furrow irrigation), two water stress level (sufficiently and severely water stress levels) and mulch practice (without mulch and plastic film mulch). Total eight treatments were laid out in a complete randomized block design along with three replications. The conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method was assigned to the main plot while the water stress and plastic film mulching were in the sub-plots. The results showed that the plant height, leaves, stem girth, cob length, 1000-grain weight, dry biomass and crop harvest index were significantly affected by irrigation methods. Significant highest plant growth and grain yield of maize crop were observed with the conventional furrow irrigation method than with the alternate furrow irrigation method. However, the crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased significantly by the plastic film mulching. The results revealed that the sufficient water stress was effective in sustaining crop yield and WUE than crop irrigating at the several water stresses. The interaction effect of furrow irrigation and water stress, and furrow irrigation and plastic film mulch had significant on WUE of the grain maize. The WUE of maize crop was significantly higher under the alternate furrow irrigation method as compared to conventional furrow irrigation method if it was mulched with plastic film and irrigated at sufficiency water stress level.
Epidote as a conveyor of water into the Earth’s deep mantle in subduction zones: Insights from coupled high-pressure and high-temperature experiments
Authors: Li Lin , Li Chao , Li Sheng-Rong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epidote is a major hydrous mineral in subducted mafic oceanic crust. Understanding its stability in the subduction zone environment is important for evaluating its role as a conveyor of water into the deep Earth. Here we report experimental results on epidote by simulating the high-pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of the plate subduction environment. We used a diamond-anvil cell with an external resistance heating system, combined with in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Experiments at ambient pressure and high temperatures indicate that epidote starts to decompose at 1223 K and breaks down completely at 1373 K. In situ XRD analyses show no phase transition at temperatures up to 1272 K and pressures up to 14.0 GPa. Raman spectra indicate that epidote is stable at 1272 K and 14.0 GPa, but the energies of two Si-O bonds (ν2,ν5) and one M-O bond (ν3) increase with increasing temperature. The cation H+ moves for a distance when the P-T is increased to 13.0 GPa and 1123 K. Based on the thermal structure of subducted slabs in typical hot and cold subduction zones, we infer that epidote can convey water downward into the mantle transition zone through subducted mafic oceanic crust.
Bio-Porter Sebagai Spesimen Container Transport Alternatif Berbasis Thermoelectric Cooler System
Authors: Jiwantoro Yudha Anggit , Sulaimah Rabi’unnisa , Taufikurrahman Arief , Salsabila Wa’dah , Toyyibah Zurriatun , Diarti Maruni Wiwin 
Published: February 2022

Keakuratan hasil laboratorium dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas spesimen selama proses pengiriman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat inovasi berupa spesimen container transport berbasis thermoelectric cooler system yang diberi nama Bio-Porter dalam mempertahankan stabilitas spesimen klinis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Pra Experimental dengan rancangan penelitian berupa One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel pada penelitian adalah spesimen darah yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling pada mahasiswa berjumlah 5 orang yang diberi perlakuan yakni penyimpanan spesimen darah dalam Bio-Porter pada suhu 6℃ selama 12 jam dan 24 jam lalu diukur kadar kolesterol total dan glukosa darah. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Oneway Anova diperoleh nilai sig. sebesar 0,857 yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap stabilitas spesimen pada spesimen darah sebelum dan setelah disimpan dalam Bio-Porter suhu 6℃ selama 12 jam dan 24 jam. Sehingga Bio-Porter sebagai specimen container transport berbasis thermoelectric cooler system dapat mempertahankan stabilitas spesimen.
Integrated agricultural water pricing reform (IAWPR) in China: a state-of-the-art review with focus on strategic significance, policy design, reform process and case reform effect
Authors: Yang Xing , Hou Miao , Wang Jun , Zhang Xinyuan , Weng Songgan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The integrated agricultural water pricing reform (IAWPR) is by far the most systematic, complex and longest reform in the agricultural sector of China. It has lasted for decades from the stage of reform exploration to the current reform development. IAWPR can effectively address resourced price distortion and promote rational allocation of agricultural water resources. By improving China's agricultural water pricing mechanism, government agricultural subsidy mechanism, water-saving incentive mechanism, operation and management (O&M) mechanism of irrigation systems and water quota mechanism, the reform will promote water conservation in agriculture and ensure the effective operation of irrigation systems. It is a major strategic decision made by the Chinese government to address the water security challenges facing sustainable development. This paper reviews the course of the reform, introduces the policy design, key tasks and implementation of the reform, and takes Jiangsu Province as an example to demonstrate the effect of the reform, but also discusses the problems existing in the reform.
An analysis of the relationship between water-energy-food system and economic growth in China based on ecological footprint measurement
Authors: Xu Lian-yan , Huang De-chun , He Zheng-qi , Zhu Yun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for water, energy and food (WEF) keeps increasing. However, the infrastructure construction leads to a sharp decline of cultivated land, water area and forest land, so the importance of ecological space management should be recognized. Based on ecological footprint theory, this paper proposes the WEF footprint and first attempts to explicitly examine the relationship between economic growth and WEF footprint by investigating the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). GLS regression and the LOWESS model are used to explore the economic growth and WEF footprint nexus in the eight economic zones and the three regions of China. The results indicate that besides the traditional EKC shapes, an M-shape exists, and the proportion of the M-shape curve (12.5%) is lower than the traditional EKC (87.5%). The results showed that the LOWESS model may be more conducive to reflect the real relationship between economic growth and WEF footprint. According to the analysis, the policy suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable development of the water-energy-food system. In addition, the study can provide some ideas for solving the contradiction of land use.
Genetic and epigenetic diversity of protein molecules related to SARS-CoV-2 entry: where we are and where we should go Running title: Genetic and epigenetic diversity of protein molecules related to SARS-CoV-2 entry
Authors: Zhu Shiheng , Chen Fei , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Yankun , Wang Xinqing , Luan Chun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the whole world and brought about public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. In the process of SARS-CoV-2 entry, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays a key role. In addition, other protein molecules such as transmembrane protease/serine 2, FURIN, Cathepsin L, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 will also affect the interaction between virus and host cells. Since the variations in the virus and human populations could determine transmissibility of the virus and influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome, research on the variations of above protein molecules and their role in COVID-19 is in full swing. In this review, we systematically reviewed viral and host genetic variations related to SARS-CoV-2 entry, as well as the relationship between the diversity of these variations and COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to provide better insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the perspective of genetic variants and epigenetic factors, so as to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19, especially among high-risk populations with genetic risk variants.
Stem Cell-based and Advanced Therapeutic Modalities for Parkinson’s
Disease: A Risk-effectiveness Patient-centered Analysis
Authors: Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo , Vosough Massoud , Salahi Sarvenaz , Mousavi Maryam Alsadat , Azizi Gholamreza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is currently considered a challenging issue since it causes substantial disability, poor quality of life, and mortality. Despite remarkable progress in advanced conventional therapeutic interventions,the global burden of the disease has nearly doubled, prompting us to assess the risk-effectiveness of different treatment modalities. Each protocol could be considered as the best alternative treatment depending on the patient’s situation. Prescription of Levodopa, the most effective available medicine for this disorder, has been associated with many complications, i.e., multiple episodes of "off-time", and treatment resistance. Other medications, which are typically used in combination with levodopa, may have several adverse effects as well. As a result, the therapies that are more in line with human physiology and make the least interference with other pathways are worth investigating. On the other hand, remaining and persistent symptoms after therapy and the lack of effective response to the conventional approaches have raised expectations towards innovative alternative approaches such as stem cell-based therapy. It is critical not to overlook the unexplored side effects of innovative approaches due to the limited number of research. In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and risk of advanced therapies with innovative cell-based and stem-cell-based modalities in PD patients. This paper recapitulated the underlying factors/conditions, which could lead us to more practical and established therapeutic outcomes with more advantages and few complications. It could be an initial step to reconsider the therapeutic blueprint for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Edible Gums Obtained from Anogeissus
Latifolia And Abelmoschus Esculentus: Promising Food Additive
for Novel Drug Delivery
Authors: Tiwari Ritesh Kumar , Singh Lalit , Rastogi Vaibhav 
Published: February 2022

Background:
This paper defines the fluid-dried gum extracted from the fresh fruit of the
Okra Gum (Abelmoschus Esculentus) and refined Gum Ghatti (Anogeissus Latifolia) vine to advance
practices of characterization.

Introduction:
It outlines a systematic study of the physicochemical properties of gums in response
to a European Union request for a thorough review of the quality of gums as food additives.

Method:
Ash percent, acid insoluble ash percent, cold-water-soluble percent, pH, acidity (as HCl)
percent by mass, viscosity, elemental and heavy metals analysis, and FT-IR are the parameters tested
following traditional procedures and current analytical instruments. This study aimed to determine
the key functional characteristics of commercially important natural gums. These included
flow, solubility, angle of repose, and bulk and true density.

Result:
The angle of repose of okra gum was found to be very high (45.66 °), which means that
Okra Gum has more adhesive properties than 38.13 ° Gum Ghatti. Okra powder was shown to be
sparingly soluble in water and insoluble in acetone, ethanol, and chloroform. Gum Ghatti was
found to be water-soluble but practically insoluble in ethanol, acetone, and chloroform. The compressibility
index and repose angle of Okra gum are 32.96 percent and 38.13, respectively

Conclusion:
The results of this study established the basic characteristics of gums and demonstrated
their potential applications in the fields of novel drug delivery, cosmetics, and other pharmaceutical
industries.
Biomedical Research and Informatics Living Laboratory for Innovative Advances of New Technologies in Community Mobility Rehabilitation: Protocol for Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Mobility Across Continuums of Care
Authors: Ahmed Sara , Archambault Philippe , Auger Claudine , Durand Audrey , Fung Joyce , Kehayia Eva , Lamontagne Anouk , Majnemer Annette , Nadeau Sylvie , Pineau Joelle , Ptito Alain , Swaine Bonnie 
Published: February 2022

Background
Rapid advances in technologies over the past 10 years have enabled large-scale biomedical and psychosocial rehabilitation research to improve the function and social integration of persons with physical impairments across the lifespan. The Biomedical Research and Informatics Living Laboratory for Innovative Advances of New Technologies (BRILLIANT) in community mobility rehabilitation aims to generate evidence-based research to improve rehabilitation for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI).

Objective
This study aims to (1) identify the factors limiting or enhancing mobility in real-world community environments (public spaces, including the mall, home, and outdoors) and understand their complex interplay in individuals of all ages with ABI and (2) customize community environment mobility training by identifying, on a continuous basis, the specific rehabilitation strategies and interventions that patient subgroups benefit from most. Here, we present the research and technology plan for the BRILLIANT initiative.

Methods
A cohort of individuals, adults and children, with ABI (N=1500) will be recruited. Patients will be recruited from the acute care and rehabilitation partner centers within 4 health regions (living labs) and followed throughout the continuum of rehabilitation. Participants will also be recruited from the community. Biomedical, clinician-reported, patient-reported, and brain imaging data will be collected. Theme 1 will implement and evaluate the feasibility of collecting data across BRILLIANT living labs and conduct predictive analyses and artificial intelligence (AI) to identify mobility subgroups. Theme 2 will implement, evaluate, and identify community mobility interventions that optimize outcomes for mobility subgroups of patients with ABI.

Results
The biomedical infrastructure and equipment have been established across the living labs, and development of the clinician- and patient-reported outcome digital solutions is underway. Recruitment is expected to begin in May 2022.

Conclusions
The program will develop and deploy a comprehensive clinical and community-based mobility-monitoring system to evaluate the factors that result in poor mobility, and develop personalized mobility interventions that are optimized for specific patient subgroups. Technology solutions will be designed to support clinicians and patients to deliver cost-effective care and the right intervention to the right person at the right time to optimize long-term functional potential and meaningful participation in the community.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/12506
An Android-Based Mobile App (ARVPredictor) for the Detection of HIV Drug-Resistance Mutations and Treatment at the Point of Care: Development Study
Authors: Ongadi Beatrice , Lihana Raphael , Kiiru John , Ngayo Musa , Obiero George 
Published: February 2022

Background
HIV/AIDS remains one of the major global human health challenges, especially in resource-limited environments. By 2017, over 77.3 million people were infected with the disease, and approximately 35.4 million individuals had already died from AIDS-related illnesses. Approximately 21.7 million people were accessing ART with significant clinical outcomes. However, numerous challenges are experienced in the delivery and accurate interpretation of data on patients with HIV data by various health care providers at different care levels. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is progressively making inroads into the health sector as well as medical research. Different mobile devices have become common in health care settings, leading to rapid growth in the development of downloadable software specifically designed to fulfill particular health-related purposes.

Objective
We developed a mobile-based app called ARVPredictor and demonstrated that it can accurately define HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations in the HIV pol gene for use at the point of care.

Methods
ARVPredictor was designed using Android Studio with Java as the programming language and is compatible with both Android and iOS. The app system is hosted on Nginx Server, and network calls are built on PHP’s Laravel framework handled by the Retrofit Library. The DigitalOcean offers a high-performance and stable cloud computing platform for ARVPredictor. This mobile app is enlisted in the Google Play Store as an “ARVPredictor” and the source code is available under MIT permissive license at a GitHub repository. To test for agreement between the ARVPredictor and Stanford HIV Database in detecting HIV subtype and NNRT and NRTI mutations, a total of 100 known HIV sequences were evaluated.

Results
The mobile-based app (ARVPredictor) takes in a set of sequences or known mutations (protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase). It then returns inferred levels of resistance to selected nucleoside, nonnucleoside protease, and integrase inhibitors for accurate HIV/AIDS management at the point of care. The ARVPredictor identified similar HIV subtypes in 98/100 sequences compared with the Stanford HIV Database (κ=0.98, indicating near perfect agreement). There were 89/100 major NNRTI and NRTI mutations identified by ARVPredictor, similar to the Stanford HIV Database (κ=0.89, indicating near perfect agreement). Eight mutations classified as major by the Stanford HIV Database were classified as others by ARVPredictor.

Conclusions
The ARVPredictor largely agrees with the Stanford HIV Database in identifying both major and minor proteases, reverse transcriptase, and integrase mutations. The app can be conveniently used robustly at the point of care by HIV/AIDS care providers to improve the management of HIV infection.
A New Performance Metric to Estimate the Risk of Exposure to Infection in a Health Care Setting: Descriptive Study
Authors: Hadian Kimia , Fernie Geoff , Roshan Fekr Atena 
Published: February 2022

Background
Despite several measures to monitor and improve hand hygiene (HH) in health care settings, health care-acquired infections (HAIs) remain prevalent. The measures used to calculate HH performance are not able to fully benefit from the high-resolution data collected using electronic monitoring systems.

Objective
This study proposes a novel parameter for quantifying the HAI exposure risk of individual patients by considering temporal and spatial features of health care workers’ HH adherence.

Methods
Patient exposure risk is calculated as a function of the number of consecutive missed HH opportunities, the number of unique rooms visited by the health care professional, and the time duration that the health care professional spends inside and outside the patient’s room without performing HH. The patient exposure risk is compared to the entrance compliance rate (ECR) defined as the ratio of the number of HH actions performed at a room entrance to the total number of entrances into the room. The compliance rate is conventionally used to measure HH performance. The ECR and the patient exposure risk are analyzed using the data collected from an inpatient nursing unit for 12 weeks.

Results
The analysis of data collected from 59 nurses and more than 25,600 records at a musculoskeletal rehabilitation unit at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, KITE, showed that there is no strong linear relation between the ECR and patient exposure risk (r=0.7, P<.001). Since the ECR is calculated based on the number of missed HH actions upon room entrance, this parameter is already included in the patient exposure risk. Therefore, there might be scenarios that these 2 parameters are correlated; however, in several cases, the ECR contrasted with the reported patient exposure risk. Generally, the patients in rooms with a significantly high ECR can be potentially exposed to a considerable risk of infection. By contrast, small ECRs do not necessarily result in a high patient exposure risk. The results clearly explained the important role of the factors incorporated in patient exposure risk for quantifying the risk of infection for the patients.

Conclusions
Patient exposure risk might provide a more reliable estimation of the risk of developing HAIs compared to ECR by considering both the temporal and spatial aspects of HH records.