bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV infection in young Japanese women: Real‐world data
Authors: Kurosawa Megumi , Sekine Masayuki , Yamaguchi Manako , Kudo Risa , Hanley Sharon J. B. , Hara Megumi , Adachi Sosuke , Ueda Yutaka , Miyagi Etsuko , Ikeda Sayaka , Yagi Asami , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Japan, public funding for HPV vaccination began in 2010 for girls aged 13–16 years (birth cohort years 1994–1997) and women born in 1994 who turned 25 in 2019. We aimed to verify the long‐term effectiveness of the bivalent HPV vaccine in women aged 25 years. Subjects were women aged 25–26 years who underwent cervical cancer screening and HPV testing in Niigata from 2019 to 2020 (birth cohort years 1993–1994). Information on vaccination status and sexual behavior was obtained from a questionnaire and municipal records. We compared the HPV infection rates of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Of the 429 registrants, 150 (35.0%) and 279 (65.0%) were vaccinated and unvaccinated, respectively. The average period from HPV vaccination to HPV testing was 102.7 months (8.6 years), with a median of 103 months (range 92–109 months). The HPV high‐risk infection rate was 21.3% (32/150) in the vaccinated group and 23.7% (66/279) in the unvaccinated group (P = 0.63). The HPV16/18 infection rate was 0% (0/150) in the vaccinated group and 5.4% (15/279) in the unvaccinated group, showing a significant difference (P = 0.0018), and the vaccine effectiveness was 100%. The cross‐protective type HPV31/45/52 infection rate in the vaccinated group was significantly lower than that in the unvaccinated group (3.3% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the mean age at sexual debut and the number of previous sexual partners between the two groups. We have demonstrated the long‐term 9‐year effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine against HPV infection for the first time in Japan.
Utility of the 13C‐pantoprazole breath test as a CYP2C19 phenotyping probe for children
Authors: Feldman Keith , Kearns Gregory L. , Pearce Robin E. , Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. , Steven Leeder James , Friesen Alec , Staggs Vincent S. , Gaedigk Andrea , Weigel Jaylene , Shakhnovich Valentina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 13C‐pantoprazole breath test (PAN‐BT) is a safe, noninvasive, in vivo CYP2C19 phenotyping probe for adults. Our objective was to evaluate PAN‐BT performance in children, with a focus on discriminating individuals who, according to guidelines from the Clinical Pharmacology Implementation Consortium (CPIC), would benefit from starting dose escalation versus reduction for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Children (n = 65, 6–17 years) genotyped for CYP2C19 variants *2, *3, *4, and *17 received a single oral dose of 13C‐pantoprazole. Plasma concentrations of pantoprazole and its metabolites, and changes in exhaled 13CO2 (termed delta‐over‐baseline or DOB), were measured 10 times over 8 h using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and spectrophotometry, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters of interest were generated and DOB features derived using feature engineering for the first 180 min postadministration. DOB features, age, sex, and obesity status were used to run bootstrap analysis at each timepoint (Ti) independently. For each iteration, stratified samples were drawn based on genotype prevalence in the original cohort. A random forest was trained, and predictive performance of PAN‐BT was evaluated. Strong discriminating ability for CYP2C19 intermediate versus normal/rapid metabolizer phenotype was noted at DOBT30 min (mean sensitivity: 0.522, specificity: 0.784), with consistent model outperformance over a random or a stratified classifier approach at each timepoint (p < 0.001). With additional refinement and investigation, the test could become a useful and convenient dosing tool in clinic to help identify children who would benefit most from PPI dose escalation versus dose reduction, in accordance with CPIC guidelines.
Internal family systems as an eco‐spirituality model: Hearing the cries, confrontation, and call from Covid‐19
Authors: Baldwin Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article explores the potential of Internal Family Systems as a spiritual practice that can guide human responses to restoring right relationship as species on the planet. It problematizes the centralizing of the coronavirus in human experiences and argues for an awareness of the pandemic within the larger context of climate change. It then offers encouragement to return to an honoring of indigenous wisdom and communities as the true care tending elders of the planet as well as the ritualized therapeutic practice of IFS as a lens for gaining clarity on the roles each of us fall into in times of threat. Finally, this article invites us to envision how we collectively got to this place of suffering, our patterns that perpetuate suffering, and a hope to move forward with compassionate and courageous clarity.
An exploration of barriers and facilitators to implementing a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathway for people with type 2 diabetes in primary care
Authors: Gracen Lucy , Hayward Kelly L. , Aikebuse Melanie , Williams Suzanne , Russell Anthony , O'Beirne James , Powell Elizabeth E. , Valery Patricia C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsWe explored barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathway for people with diabetes to identify determinants of behaviour surrounding the diagnosis, assessment and management of NAFLD.MethodsHealth practitioners (n = 24) recruited from multidisciplinary diabetes clinics in primary care (n = 3) and hospital (n = 1) settings participated in four focus group discussions, and common themes were identified using thematic analysis.ResultsLack of knowledge and access to resources were key factors that underpinned an inconsistent approach by clinicians to NAFLD diagnosis and risk stratification and impacted their confidence to discuss the diagnosis with patients. Participants often prioritised other medical issues above NAFLD due to lack of concern about liver‐related consequences, reluctance to overburden patients with information, lack of time and perceived absence of accessible fibrosis tests. All participants agreed that implementation of a NAFLD pathway would improve patient care and the general practitioners proposed that screening for NAFLD could be incorporated into routine review cycles for type 2 diabetes. A consistent message from participants was that educating patients about their liver disease needs to be implemented in an integrated care pathway.ConclusionsFrom the perspectives of health practitioners, there is a gap in clinical practice for the implementation of clear, evidence‐based guidelines for NAFLD in people with T2D. By focusing on comorbidity prevention and integrating NAFLD as a diabetes complication to be addressed during established cycles of care, many barriers to implementing a NAFLD pathway in primary care could be overcome.
Phenomenology, anti‐realism, and the knowability paradox
Authors: Kinkaid James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHusserl endorsesideal verificationism, the claim that there is a necessary correlation between truth and the ideal possibility of experience. This puts him in the company of semantic anti‐realists like Dummett, Tennant, and Wright who endorse theknowability thesisthat all truths are knowable. Unfortunately, there is a simple, seductive, and troubling argument due to Alonzo Church and Frederic Fitch that the knowability thesis collapses into theomniscience thesisthat all truths are known. Phenomenologists should be worried. I assess the damage by surveying responses that may be open to Husserl. In particular, I explore whether Husserl ought to have adopted intuitionistic logic and motivate a restriction of ideal verificationism on phenomenological grounds.
Kant and the determinacy of intuition
Authors: Browning Jacob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA central issue in debates about Kant and nonconceptualism concerns the nature of intuition. There is sharp disagreement among Kant scholars about both whether, prior to conceptualization, mere intuition can be considered conscious and, if so, how determinate this consciousness is. In this article, I argue that Kant regards pre‐synthesized intuition as conscious but indeterminate. To make this case, I contextualize Kant's position through the work of H.S. Reimarus, a predecessor of Kant who influenced his views on animals, infants, and the role of attention. I use Reimarus to clarify Kant's otherwise ambiguous commitments on the determinacy of intuition in animals and newborns, and the role attention, concepts, and judgment play in making intuited contents determinate. This contextualization helps to shed light on Kant's discussion of pre‐synthesized intuition in the threefold synthesis of the A‐Deduction by demonstrating that Kant's theory of mind in the deduction offers transcendental grounding for empirical accounts of infant development like Kant and Reimarus's. The upshot is a Kant at odds with many recent interpretations of his theory of mind: pre‐synthesized intuition is conscious but indeterminate.
Reorganization of sensory networks after subcortical vestibular infarcts: A longitudinal symptom‐related voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Conrad Julian , Habs Maximilian , Ruehl Ria Maxine , Boegle Rainer , Ertl Matthias , Kirsch Valerie , Eren Ozan Emre , Becker‐Bense Sandra , Stephan Thomas , Wollenweber Frank Arne , Duering Marco , Dieterich Marianne , zu Eulenburg Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeWe aimed to delineate common principles of reorganization after infarcts of the subcortical vestibular circuitry related to the clinical symptomatology. Our hypothesis was that the recovery of specific symptoms is associated with changes in distinct regions within the core vestibular, somatosensory, and visual cortical and subcortical networks.MethodsWe used voxel‐ and surface‐based morphometry to investigate structural reorganization of subcortical and cortical brain areas in 42 patients with a unilateral, subcortical infarct with vestibular and ocular motor deficits in the acute phase. The patients received structural neuroimaging and clinical monitoring twice (acute phase and after 6 months) to detect within‐subject changes over time.ResultsIn patients with vestibular signs such as tilts of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) and ocular torsion in the acute phase, significant volumetric increases in the superficial white matter around the parieto‐opercular (retro‐)insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) were found at follow‐up. In patients with SVV tilts, spontaneous nystagmus, and rotatory vertigo in the acute phase, gray matter volume decreases were located in the cerebellum and the visual cortex bilaterally at follow‐up. Patients with saccade pathology demonstrated volumetric decreases in cerebellar, thalamic, and cortical centers for ocular motor control.ConclusionsThe findings support the role of the PIVC as the key hub for vestibular processing and reorganization. The volumetric decreases represent the reciprocal interaction of the vestibular, visual, and ocular motor systems during self‐location and egomotion detection. A modulation in vestibular and ocular motor as well as visual networks was induced independently of the vestibular lesion site.
(Re)thinking smart in rural contexts: A multi‐country study
Authors: Cambra‐Fierro Jesús J. , Pérez Lourdes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterest in the concept of smart cities and the process of smartization has increased in recent years, as reflected in the number of studies published in academic journals. Research has offered multiple perspectives to understand the risks and challenges posed by the growing population in urban areas, highlighting plans and actions that need to be undertaken. In contrast to smart cities, smartization in rural areas has received only scarce attention, despite the beneficial effect that the transformation of rural areas could have for society. Smart villages face different issues such as depopulation and the need to attract young people if they are to survive. Consequently, we need to rethink the impact of technology and the overall idea of becoming “smart” in this context. Therefore, this paper aims to define “smart” in the context of rural areas. In terms of methodology, the research takes the Smart Rural 21 project as case study. The results consider related aspects of sustainability, governance, the role of technology and the need to use a strategic approach that ensures quality of life in rural areas.
Glimpses of change? UK fathers navigating work and care within the context of Shared Parental Leave
Authors: Banister Emma , Kerrane Ben 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the lived experiences of 25 professionally employed UK fathers who are first‐wave beneficiaries of Shared Parental Leave (SPL), which facilitated a period of leave from work during their child's first year. Using exploratory qualitative interviews, we investigate the ways in which family relations, organizational initiatives, and public policy collaborate to disrupt or transform what have hitherto been traditional gendered expectations around early infant care. Our understanding is framed using Giddens' democratic family and notions of “undoing gender”. Our longitudinal design allows us to capture fathers' lived experiences at two points, firstly pre/during their period of SPL and secondly following their return to work. In seeking glimpses of change, we first explore this at the level of men's disruption of generational biographies, then how fathers navigate SPL policy within a contested gendered context, and finally their subsequent transformations in work/care practices. We discuss the implications for policy, recognizing shortcomings in the current design of UK leave offerings.
Discovering category boundaries: The role of comparison in infants’ novel category learning
Authors: Sučević Jelena , Althaus Nadja , Plunkett Kim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA key question in categorization is how infants extract regularities from the exemplars they encounter. Detecting similarities and dissimilarities across items is vital in order to determine category‐relevant features. Previous research found evidence that infants acquire a single category more easily with paired presentations in comparison with single presentations (Oakes & Ribar, 2005, Infancy, 7, 85; Oakes & Kovack‐Lesh, 2007, Cogniție, Creier, Comportament / Cognition, Brain, Behavior, XI, 661). Here, we focus on infants’ acquisition of a category contrast, that is, when they are exposed to two categories. In an eye‐tracking study, we examined 10‐month‐old infants’ ability to learn two novel visual categories when presented with one item at a time and with items in pairs. Infants were familiarized with pairs of items from the same category or with pairs of items from different categories (cross‐category pairs). Using a linear model with a priori contrasts, we show that infants’ learning is directly related to the opportunity for category comparison: There is no evidence of category learning in the single‐item condition, improved performance when familiarized with same‐category pairs, and finally robust category learning when familiarized with cross‐category pairs. We conclude that comparison which involves items from different categories promotes category formation, by highlighting differences and promoting a discovery of category boundaries.
Laser speckle reduction via TiO2‐sapphire composite rotating wheel in laser projection
Authors: Si Shuaichen , Guo Xiaoxuan , Gu Simin , Huang Lin , Ma Chong‐Geng , Lei Bingfu , Valiev Uygun V. , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaser sources have been considered to be better light sources compared to traditional lamps or light‐emitting diodes used in projectors, which enables the projector to create images with higher color saturation, brightness, and energy efficiency. However, the speckle noise caused by the coherent nature of the laser is a major technology obstacle for laser projection, which severely affects the image quality. To suppress laser speckle, a TiO2‐sapphire composite (TSC) with rough and high reflectivity surface and high thermal conductivity substrate is designed, which reduces the laser speckle by creating spatial diversity. Moreover, combined with a micro motor, the design and fabrication of the TSC rotating wheel are realized, which further reduces the laser speckle by creating time diversity. The experimental results show that the laser speckle contrast can be reduced from 9.0% to 2.2% when placing the TSC rotating wheel in the light path, which is below the speckle perception limit of the human eye (<4%). This new type of laser speckle suppression device is simple to use, low in cost, high in energy utilization, high in thermal conductivity, easy to mass production, and has great application potential in high‐power laser projection.
Impact of non‐framework cation mixing on the structure and crystallization behavior of model high‐level waste glasses
Authors: Balasubramanya Nikhila , Sun Zhenxuan , Ahmadzadeh Mostafa , Kamali Saeed , Neuville Daniel R. , McCloy John S. , Goel Ashutosh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpinel crystallization is known to be detrimental to the operation of Joule heated ceramic melters during the vitrification of iron‐rich high‐level nuclear wastes (HLW) into borosilicate glasses. The literature on this subject focuses on tackling the problem by developing empirical constraints to design compositions, which limit the fraction of spinels formed in the melter or by developing empirical models to predict the settling behavior of spinels in the melter as a function of the glass composition. While these empirical models can predict the behavior of most of the compositions, they are not failsafe as there are always some compositions, whose behavior is beyond the predictive ability of these models. This can lead to undesirable situations during the vitrification of the nuclear waste, and therefore an in‐depth investigation of the chemo‐structural descriptors controlling the crystallization behavior in these glasses is warranted. Accordingly, the present study aims to understand the impact of non‐framework cation mixing (i.e., Li+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+) on the structure (through Raman spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy) and crystallization behavior (through XRD, SEM‐EDS, and vibrating sample magnetometry) of iron‐rich model HLW glasses in the system: (mol.%) x MyO–(25−x) Na2O–9.12 B2O3–6.4 Al2O3–51.25 SiO2–7.22 Fe2O3–0.38 MnO–0.08 Cr2O3–0.55NiO (MyO = Li2O or CaO).
STARD3NL inhibits the osteogenic differentiation by inactivating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway via binding to Annexin A2 in osteoporosis
Authors: Xu Yuexin , Bao Xiaogang , Chen Xiaoyun , Wu Peixuan , Chen Shiyu , Zhang Bowen , Ma Jing , Xu Guohua , Ma Duan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis is one of the leading forms of systemic diseases related to bone metabolism in the world. STARD3 N‐terminal like (STARD3NL) showed robust association with osteoporosis‐related traits. Yet, the molecular functional mechanisms of STARD3NL in osteoblasts is still obscure. In this study, we demonstrated a high level of STARD3NL expression in the bone tissues from the patients with low bone mass and ovariectomized (OVX)‐induced osteoporotic mice. We identified Stard3nl as a potent factor that negatively and positively regulates osteoblast differentiation and cell proliferation, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of Stard3nl induced β‐catenin gene expression and the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, as well as Wnt signalling activities, contributing to the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Mechanistic studies revealed that Stard3nl bound with Annexin A2 (Anxa2) to suppress β‐catenin expression, resulting into the suppression of Wnt signalling and downstream osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9)‐mediated silencing of Stard3nl reversed bone loss in OVX‐induced osteoporotic mice by the injection into the knee joints. Collectively, our study revealed that Stard3nl suppressed osteogenesis via binding with Anxa2, resulting into the inactivation of Wnt signalling. It also highlights the preventive and therapeutic potential of STARD3NL as a specific and novel target for osteoporotic patients.
Age‐based life history of Pacific longnose parrotfish Hipposcarus longiceps from New Caledonia
Authors: Moore Bradley R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Pacific longnose parrotfish, Hipposcarus longiceps, is a medium‐ to large‐bodied scarine labrid that is among the most commonly harvested species in mixed reef fisheries across the Indo‐Pacific. Despite its ecological and fisheries importance, assessments of stock status and development of appropriate management strategies for the species have been limited by an absence of biological information. To date, the only detailed studies of the biology of H. longiceps have occurred in tropical regions. This study examined the biology of H. longiceps in southern New Caledonia, towards the southernmost extent of the species' distribution. In addition, resulting estimates of longevity and asymptotic length were compared against those derived for the species elsewhere in the Pacific, and regional patterns in these parameters were explored for correlation with sea surface temperature (SST). A total of 212 H. longiceps were collected from commercial fishers or fish markets between September 2015 and March 2017. Sampled individuals ranged from 28.2 cm fork length (LF) to 57.3 cm LF, and from 424 g to 3773 g. Examination of sectioned otoliths showed a clear pattern in increment formation, with opaque zones forming annually in most individuals between July and August (i.e., austral winter). Estimated longevities were similar between sexes, at ~18 years for females and ~19 years for males. These estimates extend the reported longevity of H. longiceps by at least 5 years. Despite this species being a diandric protogynous hermaphrodite, sex ratios were only slightly female biased, with 1 female:0.6 males. Primary males (i.e., those individuals that are male at first sexual maturity) constituted 30% of all sampled individuals and 79% of all males. A clearly defined, yet protracted, spawning season was evident, with peak spawning occurring from December–February, extending from November to April in some individuals. The estimated median length (L50) and age (A50) at female maturity were 38.9 cm LF and 5.7 years, respectively, while the estimated length at which females changed sex to secondary males was 52.5 cm LF. Reported longevity and asymptotic length were found to exhibit considerable regional variation, and both were negatively associated with SST. The results highlight the importance of geographically disparate studies into the species' biology, inform future assessments for the species, provide key baseline information for comparative work and improve understanding of spatial patterns of the life history of parrotfish species.