bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Oklahoma, 1987
Authors: Doss Michael , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 5 Tun at the South Central Research Station in Chickasha at 20 lb/acre of acid-delinted seed. Eight 200-ft row plots were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal total spray mixture/acre with 1 no. 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle/row. Applications were made 6, 17, and 24 Aug and 3 Sep. Plots were irrigated on 7 and 25 Aug. Rainfall occurring during the test was as follows: 10 Aug, 0.42 inch; 14 Aug, 1.28 inch; 15 Aug, 0.05 inch; 24 Aug, 0.07 inch; 27 Aug, 1.60 inch; and 28 Aug, 0.02 inch for a total of 3.44 inches. Damage was estimated by collecting 100 fruit at random, prior to spraying from the upper one-third of plants in each plot.
Biological and Chemical Control of Heliothis Spp. in Cotton, 1987
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Harpe J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton was conducted at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, Ala. Cotton was planted on 24 Apr in 40-inch rows. Eleven treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized complete block design. Plots were 9 rows × 75 ft with 30-ft alleys between blocks and 3 rows between treatments. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 8.2 gal/acre (3.5 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet TX6 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were made on 19, 25, and 28 Aug. San 4141, San 4151, or San 4151 + Fundal treatments on 19 Aug were changed to Ammo, 0.04 lb (AI)/acre, on 25 and 28 Aug. Heliothis damage, egg numbers, and larval numbers were determined by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals located in the middle 3 rows in each plot 2 to 3 days posttreatment. Yield data were taken by machine harvesting of 2 of the middle 3 rows of each plot.
Effect of Selected Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bugs and Predaceous Insects in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides for tarnished plant bug control and effects on predator populations was conducted at the Auburn University Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina, Ala. Cotton was planted in 40-inch rows. Seven treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized complete block design. Plots were 32 rows × 200 ft. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 8 gal spray/acre (6 mph, 40 psi, 3 Teejet TX8 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were made on 25 Jun. Insect data were collected on 26 Jun and 2 Jul with a 3 × 3 ft drop cloth (3 samples/plot). Mean percent square set data were obtained by examining “pinhead” squares in the apical terminal growth and in the terminal growth of the first lateral branch.
Apple, Acaricide Evaluations, 1987
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied by handgun operating at 200 psi to 9-yr-old apple trees. To encourage ERM buildup, twigs with overwintering ERM eggs from a heavily infested block were tied to branches in each tree. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates arranged in a completely randomized design. Thiodan 50 WP at 1 lb/100 gal was applied for control of ARM to reduce competition with ERM (applied 21 Apr), and Cyprex and Bayleton were applied for disease control to all trees in the test. Trees in the summer test were blocked according to population levels of ERM (mobiles and eggs combined) to make the initial TSSM density similar in each treatment. On each tree, leaves were sampled on 3 scaffold limbs from the center to the periphery of the canopy (25 leaves/tree; 100/treatment). Leaves were processed with a mite-brushing machine.
Pear, Late-Season Evaluation of Igrs for Pear Psylla Control, 1987
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this test 6 IGRs were compared at similar rates of AI/ acre (except Dimilin). Each treatment consisted of 4 single-tree replicates (2 trees of each variety) in a randomized block. Sprays were applied by handgun operating at 200 psi to 26-yr-old pear trees. Following a pretreatment count, trees were blocked according to PP population level. PP nymphs and eggs were counted on terminal leaves only. Samples consisted of 18 leaves/tree (1 bottom, middle, and top leaf from 6 terminals/tree). Leaves were scanned under a stereo microscope. Counts of adult PP were taken by beating tray (2 trays/tree).
Peach, All-Season Insecticide Test, 1987
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Herman Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was carried out in a 5-yr-old block of ‘Crest Haven’ peaches. Treatments were applied with a hydraulic sprayer at 200 gal/acre (pink [P], 14 Apr; petal fall [PF], 7 May), or an FMC PT50 airblast sprayer at 225 gal/acre (shuck off [SO], 22 May; first cover [IC], 26 Jun; second cover [2C], 9 Jul). Single-tree plots were replicated 5 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. For disease control, the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan as needed. Sampling methods were as follows: ERM, motile stages per leaf as determined from a pooled sample of 15 leaves per tree; GPA, avg. no. GPA colonies/tree; OFM, avg. no. OFM-damaged terminals/tree; TPB, avg. no. TPB-catfaced fruit/100 fruit; tree. Data were transformed to × + 1 or arcsine × prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. In the table, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at a = 0.05, DMRT.
Peach, Preliminary Assessment of Carzol for Insect Control, 1987
Authors: Yonce Carroll E. , Ralph Gentry C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a block of ‘Harvester’ peaches (3rd leaf). A randomized complete experimental block design was used. Carzol 90 SP was applied at 0.5 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre with varying numbers of applications to coincide with projected beginning and peak populations of the subject insects being assessed for fruit damage. Insecticide was applied with a portable John Bean handgun sprayer (300 psi) and wet to run-off. Standard fungicides were used to protect against diseases. All fruit from treated and untreated blocks was picked at harvest and evaluated for catfacing, plum curculio, thrips, and other obvious insect-feeding damage.
Bioassay Evaluation of Insecticides on Ripe Strawberries, 1987
Authors: Williams R. N. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ripe strawberries were collected from untreated test plots, submerged in insecticidal solutions for 2 s, and allowed to dry. When dry, 4 replicates, each consisting of 4 treated berries and 10 adults of each of the pest species, were placed in 400-ml plastic containers with ventilated lids. Treatments were held in the laboratory and temperature was maintained at 78�F � 3� for 24 h before mortality readings were made. Two tests were conducted, 1 included an evaluation of Japanese beetle mortality.
Acaricide Efficacy on Spider Mite and Spider Mite Predators on Almonds, 1986
Authors: Oi D. H. , Barnes M. M. , Laird E. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trees were drip-irrigated, 6-yr-old ‘Nonpareil’ or ‘Carmel’ almond trees, and were located in a commercial orchard near Shatter, Calif. Treatments were assigned according to a randomized complete block design consisting of 8 single-tree replicates that were blocked by almond variety and location. Treatments were applied on 1 and 2 Jul as a dilute spray by high pressure handgun (ca 400 psi). Trees were sprayed until runoff, which resulted in an application rate of 650 gal/acre. Twenty leaves were sampled from the 4 cardinal point quadrants of each tree (5 leaves/quadrant) and examined under a dissecting microscope to obtain counts of spider mites and spider mite predators. Pretreatment spider mite predators consisted mainly of phytoseiid mites (50.3%), which included WPM, Metaseiulus mcgregori (Chant), and Euseius (Amblyseius) tularensis Congdon, and of sixspotted thrips (48.4%). Posttreatment samples consisted of 5.9% phytoseiid mites, 77.2% sixspotted thrips, 9.8% Chrysopa, 0.9% spider mite destroyer, Stethorus picipes, and 6.2% other predators (mainly cecidomyiid larvae, probably Feltiella sp.). Eggs were excluded from all spider mite and predator counts with the exception of Stethorus and Chrysopa eggs.
Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1987
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
CME-13411 alone and tank mixed with NR 440 oil were compared with experimental DPXEY059 and the standard acaricide, Vendex. Acaricide treatments were randomly assigned to 5-tree plots and replicated 3 times in a 26-yr-old grapefruit orchard on 16 ft × 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied initially on 20 May and reapplied 14 Jul, using a FMC 1229 FTM air blast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted for a spray volume of 250 gal/acre. Citrus rust mite were counted in 2, 1-cm2 lens fields at 10 × on each of 25 fruit per replicate randomly selected at arms length inside the tree canopy. At harvest, 75 fruit per replicate were evaluated for rust mite damage and expressed as percent russet, i.e. fruit surface damage severe enough to be downgraded to US #2 fresh or process fruit.
Citrus Thrips Control Trial in California, 1987
Authors: Immaraju J. A. , Morse J. G. , Brawner O. L. , Smith D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of citrus thrips populations on 17-yr old Atwood Navel oranges located at the University of California’s Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, Calif. Pesticides were applied prebloom, petal fall (30 Apr), and/ or various dates after petal fall with a handgun set at 500 psi, outside coverage, and 200 gpa. The field was subdivided into 3 blocks with 1 replicate of each treatment within each block allocated randomly; each replicate consisted of 4 trees. The untreated control was replicated 10 times. Ten fruit per tree from knee to eye level were picked and sampled for citrus thrips infestation at weekly intervals for the critical 6 wk after petal fall during which citrus thrips fruit scarring occurs. Probably due to higher than normal temperatures in Apr, fruit set was very low (all 4 trees of 1 replicate in treatment 1 had only a few fruit and therefore were not sampled on +26 and +37 days so that sufficient fruit would remain for scarring counts). Citrus thrips fruit scarring counts were taken 1 month prior to harvest (on 13 Oct) on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level. Scarring was rated as: (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), or (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Economic scarring levels in a normal year are approximately 5% severe scars.
Seed Maggot Control, 1987
Authors: Webb D. R. , Minns K. S. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A hand-pushed V-belt seeder was used to plant 100 seeds, with a 2- to 4-inch band of mean and bone meal placed over the row to increase seed maggot (SM) oviposition. Each plot consisted of single row treatments 15 ft long, 3 ft apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Seeds were treated 16-17 Jun and plots were planted 25 Jun. Damage counts were made 6 Jul. Emerged seedlings in each row of the snap bean and soybean plots were counted, with an average percentage calculated on the number of damaged plants observed. In the corn and pea plots, an average percent damage was calculated by recording the injury in 25 seed pieces/row after they were dug and washed. All plots received moderate-to-heavy damage from SM larvae.
Insect Control on Broccoli, 1987
Authors: Bishop B. , Grafius E. , Hayden J. , Stehr J. , Davis A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli was transplanted at the MSU Entomology Research Farm on 3 Jun. Plots were 3 rows wide (36-inch row spacing with 18 inches between plants) and 30 ft long. Starter fertilizer (20-20-20 soluble fertilizer) was added at transplanting. A Lorsban drench (3.3 oz/1000 row ft) was applied on 9 Jun to control cabbage maggot. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications per treatment. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer at 30 gpa and 40 psi on 26 Jun and 2, 10, and 17 Jul. Insect counts were made of 3 randomly selected plants from the center row of each plot on 29 Jun, 7 and 20 Jul. On 20 Jul, 5 broccoli heads were harvested from the center row of each plot and examined for caterpillar infestation. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance. A Bartlett’s test was used to check for homogeneity of variance. Where significant results were obtained, a SNK test was used to separate means.
Control of Insect Pests on Fall Broccoli, 1987
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Mullins C. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville. ‘Packman’ broccoli seedlings were transplanted into a Lily sandy loam field on 14 Aug. Plots were 3 rows × 15 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys and row spacing was 36 inches with 15 plants/row. Insecticide treatments were applied on 26 Aug, 9 Sep, and 8 Oct using 2.5-gal compressed C02 hand sprayers at 30 gal/acre and 40 psi. Flea beetle, aphid, and cabbage looper counts were based on number of insects/15 plants. Yield was measured from the center row of each plot (equal plant population) on 3 Nov. Plots treated with both rates of San 415 were also sprayed with Sevin 80S (1.5 lb [AI]/acre) for flea beetle control on 9 Sep.
Thrips Control, 1988:
Authors: Magaro J. J. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were direct seeded in single-row beds with 40-inch centers in a Willacy line sandy loam soil at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, Tex. Plots measured 10 ft by 2 beds and were bordered by rows of grain sorghum. Ten-foot alleys divided replications. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plants were treated when thrips levels were greater than 15/plant. Two applications were made at 4-d intervals with a tractor-mounted CO2-powered sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 3 mph and 60 psi. Surveys of thrips populations were made at 3 and 7 d after the second application. Prior to application a survey was conducted to determine species of thrips present. Data were summarized and subjected to ANOVA and DMRT for mean separation, in which a log10(x + 1) transformation was used.
Pest Control on Citrus, 1988
Authors: McCoy C. W. , Fojtik J. , Lye B. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized block design of 2 trees/plot, replicated 4 times. For the control of Fuller rose beetle, all treatments were applied to run-off on 9 Jun with a high-pressure truck-mounted sprayer operating at 400-450 psi. Treatments for the control of citrus root weevil were applied to runoff on 19 Aug with John Bean sprayer operating at 300 psi. Wild adult Fuller rose beetles and citrus root weevils were collected in adjacent citrus plantings as test organisms in testing the residual activity of the various treatments. Five adults of the same species were placed in screen limb bags, which were attached to treated leaf terminals and secured to prevent escape. For each treatment, 2 limb bags were attached to each tree. Adult mortality (residual control) was recorded, and a new cohort was placed in each bag at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk after treatment.
Early Season Ecb Control, 1989
Authors: Bowman James S. , Barry Donald W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the University of New Hampshire Kingman Farm, Madbury, NH. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 insecticide treatments applied at 3 different growth stages of the corn (total of 18 treatments) and a control replicated 4 times. ‘Honeymoon’ sweet corn was hand-planted 16 May in rows on 36 inch centers. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft row of corn. Each insecticide treatment was applied 2 times at a 5-d interval, starting at each of the following 3 plant growth stages: whorl (15-20 inches tall with no tassel growth visible from above); pretassel (most of the plants with tassel growth visibly emerging from the whorls); green-tassel (tassels fully exposed but not shedding pollen). The spray treatments were applied using a R & D CO2-pressurized (40 psi) single-nozzle hand-held sprayer. A single pass (over the row) was used for the whorl and pretassel sprays resulting in a delivery rate of 14.4 gal/acre, while a double pass (both sides of the row) was used for the green-tassel sprays resulting in a delivery rate of 28.8 gal/acre. Evaluation of the percentage of plants showing leaf feeding injury prior to the first whorl treatment was made on 29 Jun. The percentage of injured stalks and ears was determined at harvest time (28 July) by examining all the plants in each treatment.
Silk Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Dusky Sap Heetle and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1989
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 3-row plots 50 ft in length on 5 Jun. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with a International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 2 rows. All treatment were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk (24 Jul), 27 Jul, 1 and 3 Aug. At harvest (7 Aug) 25 ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for damage as “fresh-market” (clean ears, no damage evident), “processing” (evidence of tip feeding, but less than 3.6 cm tip damage) and “culls” (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side or bottom). All worms found within the husk or ear were identified, counted and recorded; all ears were then weighted and total weights recorded. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Control of the Corn Lepidoptera By A Full-Season Program of Aerial Applications of Pyrethroids, 1989
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four commercial fields, located near Batavia, NY, were used for this test. Each field was divided into 3 sections, each section receiving the same number of applications of a different insecticide. From 3 to 4 applications/field, beginning at the early green tassel stage, were applied on a weekly basis. Insecticides were applied with a Cessna Ag Truck delivering 3 gal/acre at 35-40 psi and 115-120 mph air speed, and D8-46 nozzles. At crop maturity for each field, 2 fields in mid-Aug and 2 in early Sep, we sampled 100 ears/section of each field and evaluated them for insect injury.
Control of the Corn Lepidoptera By Liquid Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted on 12 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. The planting consisted of a RCB design with 4 replicates of 6 treatments and one control. Plots consisted of 6 30-ft rows of sweet corn on 3 ft centers with 9 inch plant spacing. Blocks were separated by 20 ft. Treatments consisted of 3 applications of each insecticide for naturally occurring Lepidoptera. Foliar sprays were applied by a John Blue Highboy delivering 51 gal/acre at 50 psi and 2 mph, with 5 nozzles/row (2 on each side, one from the top) using flat fan nozzles with 110015 tips. Insecticides were applied on 31 Jul, 15 and 25 Aug. On 5 Sep, 25 ears from the 4 middle rows of each plot were evaluated for ear injury.
Control on Whorl Stage Corn, 1989
Authors: Whalen J. , Spellman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 3 Jul near Georgetown, DE. Three row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorls on 15 Aug. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized wheel barrow sprayer delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi on 15 Aug. All plant whorls were removed from each plot, unrolled and the number of infested plants counted on 23 Aug.
Evaluation of Insecticide Mixtures for Onion Thrips Control in South Texas, 1989
Authors: Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Texas Grano 1025Y’ onions were direct seeded to plots on 10 Nov ‘88 at the Texas Agri. Res. and Ext. Cnt., Weslaco. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 blocks and 11 treatments. Plots were 2 beds (2 rows/bed) by 20 ft long with 10 ft alleys and 6 ft breaks between plots. Treatments were initiated when numbers of thrips were greater than 15/plant based on a 30 plant survey. Treatments were applied twice, with a 4 d interval, using a tractor-mounted, CO2 powered sprayer operated at 40 psi with a total output of 20 gal/acre. Plots were surveyed at 3 and 7 d after the second treatment by counting all thrips alive on 3 plants/plot.
Growth Regulators for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potato, 1989
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. , Terlemezian Grant 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 18 May, at the University of Minnesota Experimental Station, Rosemount, MN. Experimental plots were 25 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticide sprays were applied once with a CO2-powered hand-sprayer delivering 100 gal of water/acre. Plots were sprayed 11 and 19 Jul; 3, 11 and 18 Aug and counted 48 h later. Evaluations consisted of counts of small and large Colorado potato beetle larvae on 10 plants randomly selected from each plot. Plots were sampled for potato leafhopper and green peach aphid by counting 35 mid-plant leaves. Defoliation ratings were made on each sampling date. The insecticides were also evaluated for efficacy against potato leafhopper and green peach aphid.
Wireworm Control in Potato, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a sandy loam site which was the second year out of pasture. B size seed was planted at 12 inch spacings in a 50 ft row. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 6 times. All insecticides, except Thimet layby, were applied with the seed in the open furrow. Both seed and insecticide were covered with 4 to 6 inches of loose, dry soil. Three applications of foliar insecticides plus fungicide were applied during the growing season. Plots were hand dug and readings taken on all tubers. Percent damage was calculated within each replicate, the means were transformed using ARCSINE and compared.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Johnston County, 1988
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Atlantic' potatoes were planted 14 Apr, near Benson, NC. Single row plots, 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft separated replicates. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18 × ) operating at 60 psi to apply 80 gal/acre. Treatments were applied 24 May (all treatments), 31 May (Trident, Trident + Nufilm, and M-One, 2 rates), 8 Jun (Trident, Trident + Nufilm, M-One, 2 rates, and Rotenox), 1 Jul (all), and 6 Jul (Trident, Trident + Nufilm, and M-One, 2 rates). Visual estimates of foliar damage and/or insects counts were made 30 May, 6, 13, 20, 27 Jun, 5, 11, and 25 Jul. Adults were counted by walking the length of the plot and counting all visible adults. Egg masses and larvae were counted on 3 hills/plot. Small larvae were estimated to be 1st and 2nd instars, and large 3rd and 4th. Potatoes were harvested and yields recorded on 25 Jul.