bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Seasonal Insecticides Test, 1985
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Hebding H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dilute sprays were applied to runoff with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at pink (26 Apr), petal fall and as cover sprays on 22 May, 4 Jun, 17 Jun, 2 Jul, 15 Jul, 31 Jul, and 12 Aug. Treatments were replicated 3 times on 6-tree plots (‘McIntosh’, ‘Cortland’, ‘Rhode Island Greening’, ‘Monroe’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Red Rome’) and arranged in a randomized block design. At harvest (9-11 Sep), 100 ‘McIntosh’ and 100 ‘Cortland’ apples were scored from each replication. ERM was sampled on 25 randomly selected leaves from the ‘McIntosh’ apple trees in each replication on 2 Jul and again on 24 Jul. Mites were removed from the leaves with a Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine. Up to 25 randomly selected actively growing terminals on ‘Rhode Island Greening’ trees in each replication were examined for AA on 15 Jul just before fourth cover spray was applied, and again three days posttreatment on 18 Jul. Terminals were considered to be infested if more thfn 5 live aphids were observed on the distal portion of the shoot. On 21 Aug, WALH nymphs were counted on 25 randomly selected spur leaves, and tissue mines of STLM were counted on 10 randomly selected terminals on ‘Rhode Island Greening’ trees. Also WAA colonies were counted at the same time on 10 randomly-selected terminals on ‘McIntosh’ trees.
Pear, Full Season Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of unreplicated 0.19-acre blocks. Materials were applied by airblast sprayer in 116 gpa. Alsystin and F4999 were applied on 22 Apr (green tip), 26 Apr (tight cluster), 2 May (white bud), 9 May (petal fall = PF), 24 May, 7 Jun, 24 Jun, 8 Jul, 22 Jul, 7 Aug and 21 Aug. Mitac was applied on 9 May (PF), 8 Jul, 7 Aug and 21 Aug. All other materials were applied on 9 May, 24 May, 7 Jun, 24 Jun, 8 Jul, 22 Jul, 7 Aug and 21 Aug. On each sample date 50 leaves were randomly sampled from each of 4 centrally located trees in each block. A subsample of 25 leaves were examined for psylla nymphs using a stereo microscope. All 50 leaves were then brushed in a mite brushing machine and numbers of RM recorded for 8 sections. For broad spectrum pests 50 fruit were sampled from the 4 sample trees and examined for insect damage. Damages were categorized by their respective pest.
Persimmon, Fall Webworm Control, 1985
Authors: Sheffer Barbara J. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Persimmon trees, Diospyros virginiana L. growing along roadsides and in home landscapes and infested with Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) were selected for treatment. Test materials were applied 19 Aug to active webworm colonies by spraying individual webs and surrounding foilage to runoff with hand-pumped, compressed-air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times with each web constituting a replication. In pretreatment counts of 3 colonies made 19 Aug, mean no. of live larvae was 133. Efficacy of test materials was determined at 3 days posttreatment by pruning the webs from the trees, placing them in plastic bags and holding them under refrigeration. Webs were examined by dismantling and counting number of live caterpillars.
Control of Noctuid Larvae on Cranberry, 1985
Authors: Brodel Charles F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a 13-year-old section of State Bog in East Wareham, MA. Five treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized blocks composed of 5 × 5-ft plots separated by 2-ft pathways. Applications were made on 24 May at bud swell using a 2-gal, polyethylene compressed air sprayer. All treatments were diluted to the rate of 400 gal of water per acre to approximate conditions achieved commercially with overhead sprinkler systems. After the foliage dried, randomly selected vine uprights in each plot were pruned, placed in plastic bags in a cooler, and brought to the laboratory. Thirty undamaged uprights per plot were inserted into moistened sand within 2, ventilated, 8-oz styrofoam cups. Eleven h post-treatment, 12 field-collected larvae ranging in length from 0.5 to 0.75 in were introduced into each pair of cups. Cups were held at 21°C, 60-85% RH, and 15 h light. After 2.5 days of exposure, cups were inspected for dead larvae. Analysis of variance for unequal sample sizes was used because a replicate mean for Larvin at 1 lb was spurious.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Leaf Form of Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae, 1985
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , Pavuk D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Separate but similar tests were conducted to evaluate control of the grape phylloxera at Wooster, Ohio. Test 1 consisted of 6 treatments applied to ‘Clinton’ grape vines on 4 and 21 Jun and 10 Jul. Test 2 consisted of 8 treatments applied to ‘Concord’ grape vines on 6 and 27 Jun, and 10 and 27 Jul. Plots consisted of 4 single grape vine replicates in a randomized block design. Vine spacing was 2.7 m between rows and 2.4 m within the row. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. Sprays were applied at the rate of 757 1/ha (200 gal/acre). In sampling, 10 shoots were examined at random from each plot, half from each side of the row. The number of galls were recorded from the 10 apical leaves on each of these shoots.
Larvicidal Evaluation for the Control of Endopiza Viteana, 1985
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , Pavuk D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two blocks of a 19-year-old experimental vineyard at Wooster, OH were used. Cultivars utilized were ‘Clinton’ in Test 1 and ‘Concord’ in Test 2. Plots consisted of a single vine with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Insecticidal applications for test were made on 4 and 21 Jun, 10 Jul, and 13 Aug. Test 2 treatments were applied on 6 and 25 Jun and 10 and 27 Jul. All applications were made at the rate of 757 L/ha (200 gal/acre) using a hand-held constant pressure CO2 sprayer operating at 3.2 kg/cm2 (45 lb/in2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. On 20 Sept Test 1 and 23 Sept (Test 2), 10 clusters of grapes were randomly harvested from each replicate, and the number of stung berries was recorded for each cluster.
Apple Pandemis Control, Pink Application, 1984
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of overwintered apple pandemis larvae in a 5-year-old orchard on a semi-dwarf rootstock located at the Tree Fruit Research Center. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal per acre. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Treatments were applied at pink stage of flower bud development on 17 Apr. Temperature at time of application was 50°F with a light breeze (&lt;2 mph). No pretreatment counts were taken through a general inspection indicated that a high leafroller population was present (about 10% fruit buds infested). Posttreatment evaluation was made on 26 Apr when most king bloom had opened. All flower clusters on each tree were examined. The total number of flower clusters, clusters with feeding injury and clusters with live larvae were recorded. Mites were sampled on 11 Jul and 16 Aug. A 25-leaf sample was collected from each tree, returned to the laboratory, brushed, and number of mites counted. Data are presented as mean mites per leaf for the season.
Pesticide Screening for California Red Scale Control on Lemons, 1984
Authors: Walker G. P. , Aitken D. C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment with 6 single-tree replicates and 4 treatments was conducted in a field of 15-ft trees in a 20 × 24-ft planting at the Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, California. Pretreatment densities of California red scale (CRS) were evaluated in late Apr ’84 by examining in each plot 75 9-in twigs from the previous growth flush that were randomly selected from around the trees. Each sample unit was scored in situ as being infested or not infested with live CRS. Posttreatment counts were made in late Sep ’84 and again in mid May ’85 by examining 75 twigs and 100 fruit per plot in a similar manner. Fruit counts were included in the posttreatment evaluation because they are an index of how well a treatment prevented the current crop from becoming infested and consequently downgraded, thus determining the immediate benefit of the treatment. Twig counts were evaluated to determine how well a treatment suppressed scale population growth. The single tree plots were assigned to blocks on the basis of pretreatment twig counts and on position in the field (one row of trees, for some unknown reason, tended to have high posttreatment counts for all treatments). Thus, plots within each block had similar pretreatment counts and were located in the same part of the field. Treatments were randomly assigned to each of the 6 blocks. The Rol6-1295 0.063 lb/100 gal treatment was not applied in 1 of the blocks; all other treatments were represented in each block. Pesticides were applied with hand guns from the ground and from a tower at ca 505 psi and ca 17.45 gal/tree (ca 1584 gal/A) on 7 Jun ’84. Age class distribution of CRS at this time was estimated as ca 50% adult and 50% immature stages.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 1985
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Knapp Joseph L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design on single-tree plots in 2 tests. Treatment trees were separated by unsprayed buffer trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied with a handgun at 400 psi on 3-4 Jun and 16-17 Aug in test 1 and on 21 May and 14-15 Aug in test 2. Ca 4-5 gal/tree was applied in test 1 and 3-4 gal/tree in test 2. Water pH was 7.5 and 7.9 respectively in test 1 and 7.8 and 7.9 in test 2. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each treatment tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1-cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2-cm2 count per fruit of living motile CRM was recorded as 1 observation.
Spider Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1985
Authors: Victor J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
MK-936 tank mixed with either Narrow Range 440 oil or Leaf Act 80A spreader-activator were compared to experimental DPXY5893 and the standard acaricide, Vendex. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 3 times on plots of 3 trees in a 22-year-old orange orchard on 15 ft × 20 ft spacing. Treatments were applied initially on 1 Apr and reapplied 23 Jul using an FMC 1229 FTM Air Sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted to apply a spray volume of 200 gal/acre. At each count date, 24 leaves/replicate were randomly collected and processed through a mite brushing machine. Citrus red mite (RdM) and Texas citrus mite (TCM) motiles were collected and counted on detergent-coated glass disks using a binocular microscope at 25x.
Laboratory Evaluation of Acaricides (III) for Control of Tetranychus Urticae (Koch), 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six treatments were tested for relative efficacy against twospotted spider mite in cotton planted 8 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss. Leaves were collected from several fields wherever they could be located. Mites were counted and sorted via computer into series with relatively equal numbers and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Treatments were applied to the abaxial surface of the leaves in a laboratory spray chamber calibrated for 11.5 gal/acre at 1.3 mph using a single TX-3 nozzle. The leaves in the untreated check were sprayed with water. Applications were made on 14 Sep. All plots from which leaves were obtained had received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Eggs and mites were counted on 3 locations/leaf via dissection microscope (by each lobe and by the nectary).
Insecticide Combination Efficacy Test for Heliothis Spp. Control on Cotton in Mississippi, 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six treatments were tested for relative efficacy against tobacco budworm (60% of the population) and corn earworm (40% of the population) in cotton planted 1 May at the Rex Livingston Farm, Stoneville, Miss. Plots were 8 rows (38-inch centers) × 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to all 8 rows by high-clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed-air plot spray system calibrated for 5 gal/ acre at 4 mph using 3 TX-3 nozzles/row. Applications were made on 30 Jul. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. In each plot, 10 damaged terminals were located and scouted, and 5 squares/plant were examined for Heliothis larvae and damage. All data were collected from the center 2 rows. Yield was not obtained.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Early Season Thrips Control in the Mississippi Delta, 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sixteen treatments were tested for relative efficacy against thrips in irrigated cotton planted 5 May at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss. Plots were 8 rows (40- inch centers) × 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Foliar treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by high-clearance spray tractor with a compressed-air plot spray system calibrated for 4.4 gal/acre at 4 mph using 1 flat fan nozzle (2008e)/row. Applications were made on 28 May. Other treatments were applied in furrow during planting. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Several plants from each plot were clipped and put in jars in the field and returned to the lab. They were then washed, and the thrips were filtered onto filter paper for counting under a dissection microscope. All data were collected from the center 2 rows. Yield was obtained by mechanical picker.
Control of Spider Mites and L. Hesperus on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. , Li Xin Bai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides were applied to 'Acala SJ-2' cotton near Shafter and Five Points, Calif., planted 15 Apr and 17 Apr, respectively. Individual plots were 16 and 24 rows wide, respectively (1.02 m/row), and 46 m long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied by high-clearance ground sprayer equipped with drop booms using 3 or 5 hollow-cone nozzles/row, depending on plant size, delivering 140 or 234 liters/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2. Mainstem leaves (25/plot, 8th unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 5 or 6 posttreatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the Tetranychid complex. L. hesperus were sampled by 50 net sweeps/plot (19.4 m2) on 8 sample dates/location. All arthropod counts were transformed (x + 0.5) for analysis of variance; raw means are reported here.
Response of Spider Mites to Capture, 1987
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Magaro J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tetranychus spp. were collected from a cotton field that had been sprayed 8 times with cypermethrin at a rate of 0.06 lb (AI)/acre. Whole leaves with mites were taken to the laboratory. Serial dilutions of Capture 2EC were made using ethanol as a solvent. Dilutions were 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 ppm of Capture 2EC to ethanol. One ml of each dilution level was pipetted onto the bottom of a 50- × 90-mm Petri dish, and each treatment was replicated 5 times. The dishes were swirled to achieve an even distribution of the solution, and the excess material was poured off. Dishes were dried at room temperature and then stored at 40-50°F. Five adult female mites were removed from leaves using a brush and placed onto the bottom of each dish, which was then closed and held for 24 h at 77°F. Mite mortality was monitored by probing each mite with a brush. Mites were considered dead if they could not move more than one body length after being probed. Data were analyzed using probit analysis with treatments transformed to log10 values.
Armyworm Control, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Bromenshenkel Eugene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A satisfactory infestation of true armyworm was reported near Cloquet, Minn., by the St. Louis County extension agent. 18- × 35-ft plots were located in an uncut orchard grass field containing approximately 10 larvae/sq ft. Soil moisture was extremely short at the time the treatments were made. Plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block. Insecticide was applied in the late afternoon at 75°F. Approximately 15 gal total material was applied/acre using a hand-held CO2 sprayer at 40 psi pressure. Live and dead larvae in lVa sq ft/plot were counted 24 h after treatment. Counting sites were selected by dropping a yardstick and counting larvae in the 3 inches on either side of the stick. A damage rating was taken 1 wk posttreatment both for this study and for educational use.
Thrips Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1987
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field in northern Northampton County was selected to evaluate specific insecticides and nematicides for thrips control. Soil was sandy with only 0.2% organic matter and pH 6.1. Peanuts were planted on 14 May (36 inch rows) with approximately 130 lb seed/acre. Soil temperature was 67°F. Plots were 2 rows wide × 50 ft long, and each plot was separated by 2 buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Plot ends were separated by a 5-ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using a Cole planter, and rolling cultivators were used to lightly incorporate band treatments. In-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with the seed, and band treatments were placed immediately behind the press wheel. Peanuts were otherwise managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets per plot. Fifty newly-opened leaflets/plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. The number of damaged leaflets was recorded. Sampling was conducted on 3 dates, 4, 10, and 18 Jun. In addition, on 10 Jun, 10 unopened leaflets per plot were opened and examined for thrips and the number of thrips recorded. All data were transformed by × + 0.5.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1986
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Each experimental unit was 20 × 5 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination from other units. On 8 Apr units were fertilized preplant with urea at 100 lb nitrogen/acre, broadcast seeded with 'Lemont' rice at 100 lb/acre, and treated 16 Apr with benthiocarb at 4 lb Al/acre. On 22 Apr, propanil and benthiocarb were applied each at 3 lb Al/acre. Units were flush irrigated 9 Apr, and the permanent flood was applied 9 May. An additional 50 lb nitrogen/acre in the form of urea was applied at panicle differentiation. Furadan was applied with a hand shaker and the remaining treatments were applied at 10 gal/acre at 12 psi with a CO2-pressurized handheld atomizer. The adjuvant PA-10 was added to one treatment of UC84572F at the rate of 0.25% by volume. Treatments were applied at 0630 hours at a temperature of 75°F and relative humidity of 90%. Wind was from the south at less than 5 mph. On the day of application 0.04 inches of rain was recorded. From 9 to 15 Jun, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing approximately 1 plant/core were removed from each unit. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Units were harvested from 1 to 4 Aug.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1985
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Clay County, Nebr. The previous year's crop was soybeans. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide (30-inch spacing) and 30.2 ft long. The 2 center rows were used for insect counts and yield. In-furrow planting-time application of granules was made by applying a preweighed amount of granules from a V-belt seeder into the granule delivery tube mounted on the planter behind the seed tube. Foliar applications were applied on 25 Jul with a CO2-pressurized unit mounted on a bicycle-wheeled plot sprayer. Three nozzles/row were used—1 from each side and 1 over the row. Spraying Systems TX8 hollow-cone tips were used at 40 psi with spray output of 22.5 gal/acre. The number of emerged plants in the 2 center rows of each plot was counted on 20 Jun. Insect population levels were determined by examining 10 plants in the 2 center rows on the stated dates. Plots were harvested on 25 Oct with a Massey 35 combine.
Control of Soybean Insect Pests with Pounce, 1987
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Taylor J. D. , Padgett M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pounce 3.2EC was evaluated to determine its efficacy in controlling velvetbean caterpillars, threecornered alfalfa hoppers, and grasshoppers in soybean. Soybeans were planted on 1 Jun at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton. An Agrotec 100-gal spray rig with a 30-ft boom was mounted to a Ford 6610 tractor. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gal/acre of formulation it 55 psi using flat-fan 8004 nozzles. Pounce was applied at 2 oz of formulated material/acre (0.05 lb [AI]/acre) on 21 Sep. Each of 2 fields was partitioned into 4 replications 30 ft wide and extending the length of the field (about 0.5 acres each). A 6-row (18-ft) untreated border was between each replicate. The Pounce treatment was evaluated 2 and 7 days after application by comparing the number of insect pests/25 sweeps (using a 15-inch-diam sweep net) in the treated plots to those in the middle 2 untreated check rows.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Corn Earworm, Green Cloverworm, and Associated Arthropod Predators in Soybeans, 1987
Authors: Moss Teresa P. , Zehnder Geoffrey W. , Beahm Mary M. , Sagaral Ras G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were no-till planted on 20 Jun after wheat harvest on the Sabine Hall Farm in Richmond COunty, Va. Individual wheat harvest on the Sabine Hall Farm in Richmond County, Va. Individual plots were 4 rows × 15 ft bordered by 2 buffer rows. A randomized complete block experimental design with 3 replications was used. Spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed-air sprayer using AL8004 nozzels. Delivery rate was 31.8 gal/acre at 32 psi. Insecticides were foliar applied on 21 Aug to 'Bay' soybeans planted on a 20-inch row spacing. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after application by comparing the number of insect pests and predators/15 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated checks. A 15-inch-diam net passed through the foliage of a single row in each plot on each sampling date constituted 1 sweep. Pod evaluations were made by counting the total number of pods on 5 plants in each plot and then counting the number of CEW-damaged pods on the same plants. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 10 row-ft of 1 of the center rows of each plot on 3 Nov. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture.