bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro incubation reveals the gut microbiota is resilient to changes in hydrogenotrophic activities in which methanogenesis is an optional niche
Authors: Wang Taojun , Smidt Hauke , Zoetendal Erwin G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:Hydrogen metabolism plays a central role in microbial fermentation. However, how hydrogenotrophic microbes impact microbiota composition and metabolite production in gut ecosystems remains largely unknown. Hence, this study investigates the impact of altering two of the key hydrogenotrophic activities, namely methanogenesis and sulphate reduction, on human gut microbiota composition and metabolite production. Fecal slurries from three methane excretors (MEs) and three non-methane excretors (NMEs) were inoculated into basal medium with pectin or a carbohydrate mixture as substrates. Methanogenesis was inhibited by adding 2-bromoethanesulfonate to ME incubations, or stimulated by addingMethanobrevibacter smithiito NME incubations. Sulphate reduction was stimulated by adding sodium sulphate to both incubations.Results:Our observations revealed that microbial richness and composition, and propionate and methane production differed significantly between MEs and NMEs. Lower hydrogen concentrations were observed in MEs compared to NMEs in the incubations with pectin, but not with the carbohydrate mixture. Remarkably, sulphate was not consumed in either ME or NME incubations. AddingM. smithiito the NME inocula resulted in its persistence in the community and methane production during incubations. The addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonate inhibited methane production in the ME incubations, accompanied with a lower relative abundance of methanogens when pectin was used as substrate. However, altering methanogenesis did not significantly change overall microbiota composition and short chain fat acid production in MEs and NMEs.Conclusions:Thesefindings suggest that methanogens can occupy a niche in a microbiota that originally lacks methanogens, but that modulating methanogenesis has a minor effect on overall microbiota composition and activity.
Comparative Study of Waste to Energy Adaptation System at Asokore Mampong Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Mahamud Yussif , Owusu Prince Appiah , Ahiekpor Julius 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The current Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system in Asokore Mampong solely confined to waste collection and disposal in landfills, which has had a long-term negative influence on the public and environment health. However, this paper aims to assess the advantages of MSW in terms of power generation and environmental implications from waste management using mathematical models from secondary data and information obtained from many sources of literature. Three options were explored using Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) and Matlab simulink models. To make comparison, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and material flow analyses (MFA) were used. A bomb calorimeter was used to determined the calorific trash value for incineration, and methane amount generated for anaerobic digestion (AD) and Landfill with Gas Recovery (LGP) was computed. The findings indicated a high potential for using the techniques in Asokore Mampong since these wastes could generate value while they are now being discarded and endangering human life. The energy recovery potential of the liquid waste was also estimation using buswell equation.
Effect of the dual library on long-range (3 km) SF 6 (Hexafluoride Sulfur) detection efficiency by portable Stand-off FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) detector
Authors: Byun Hyung Joon , Nam Hyunwoo , Kim Jong-Seon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A critical limitation in developing portable Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) stand-off chemical detectors is the detection library optimization, which reduces the number of false alarms and maintains the detection performance. Ideally, a detection library should be established through high-resolution (0.5 cm-1) FTIR spectroscopy in the laboratory. However, owing to the weight requirement of a portable FTIR stand-off detector, its optical system and mirror-moving range have limitations. Consequently, most portable FTIR stand-off detectors have been developed with a low resolution of approximately 4–16 cm-1. In this study, we developed a portable FTIR stand-off detector with a dual library of SF6. Moreover, we investigated its detection efficiency effect depending on the single library condition through realistic long-range (3 km) SF6 spectrum data in a field test.
The increasing risk of future simultaneous droughts over the Yangtze River basin based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hu Xin , Zhang Zengxin , Kong Rui , Peng Zhenhua , Zhang Qi , Chen Xi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Drought projection is critical for water resource planning and management, as well as disaster prevention and mitigation. As a strategic national water source for China, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) plays a vital role in the connectivity of rivers and economic development, flowing through 11 provincial administrative regions and is injected into the East China Sea, with a total length of 6,397 kilometers. The watershed covers an area of 1.8 million square kilometers, accounting for about 1/5 of China's total land area. However, frequent droughts have caused water shortages in the YRB in recent years. Based on observed meteorological and hydrological data, the CMIP6 model and SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) drought models were used to elucidate the risk of future simultaneous droughts in the upper and mid-lower reaches of the YRB from 2015 to 2100. The results indicated that, (1) From a historical perspective (1961–2019), the middle reaches of the YRB have seen the highest total basin drought frequency (Frequency of moderate and above drought events) (> 17%), where seasonal drought has mostly been concentrated; (2) Compared with the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the frequency, intensity, and scope of droughts in the YRB will continuously increase, where the frequency of moderate and extreme drought will be stronger under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, from 2020 to 2100; 3) In the near future (2021–2050), the YRB will experience relatively high total drought frequency under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, while in the far future (2071–2100) under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the SPEI projects a greater intensification of moderate drought; 4) Under all three scenarios, drought is projected to simultaneously occur more frequently basin-wide from 2030–2040. The middle-lower reaches of the YRB are forecast to witness the largest scope and highest intensity of drought under the SSP1-2.6 scenario. While under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, drought is estimated to be distributed basin-wide with a saddle-shaped distribution in the middle reaches, and reaching a maximum in the lower reaches. These trends demonstrate the effects of climate change on spatially variable drought across the entire YRB basin. More attention and improved strategies should be brought to bear to address future simultaneous droughts in the upper and mid-lower YRB.
Conditional Inference on the Inverse Weibull Distribution Parameters
Authors: Maswadah  
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is widely known that confidence intervals based on conditional inference are usually just as effective as Bayesian confidence intervals based on the non-informative prior. However, they are less efficient than those based on the Bayesian inference using the informative prior distribution. Therefore, this paper's main objective is to find the conditional point estimates using the pivotal functions for the inverse Weibull distribution parameters, based on the generalized progressive hybrid-censoring scheme, and compare them with the Bayesian estimates, via Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results showed that the conditional inference is highly efficient and provides better estimates than the Bayesian estimates based on different loss functions. Finally, the proposed model could be necessary for analysing real data to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed methods.
Integrative multiomics reveals common endotypes across PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP mutations in familial Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Valdes Phoebe , Caldwell Andrew B , Liu Qing , Fitzgerald Michael Q , Ramachandran Srinivasan , Karch Celeste M , (DIAN) Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network , Galasko Douglas R , Yuan Shuana H , Wagner Steven L , Subramaniam Shankar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Mutations in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP can lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with an early age at onset (AAO) and hallmark progressive cognitive decline. These mutations are highly penetrant. Although mutations in PSEN1 are more common and usually have an earlier AAO, certain mutations in PSEN1 cause a later AAO, similar to PSEN2 and APP mutations. We sought to determine whether common disease endotypes exist across these mutations with a relatively late AAO.
Methods
We generated hiPSC-derived neurons from patients harboring autosomal-dominant, familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) mutations in PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP with a documented age at onset (AAO) around 55 years: PSEN1A79V, PSEN2N141I, and APPV717I. We carried out RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to mechanistically characterize the gene expression and chromatin accessibility changes, respectively. Differential expression analysis, enrichment analysis, TF activity identification, and co-expression module detection were performed for RNA-seq. Differential peak analysis and annotation, TF motif footprinting and differential motif accessibility, and peak functional enrichment were performed for ATAC-seq. This approach allowed us to identify the correlation between gene expression and chromatin accessibility associated with key disease endotypes.
Results
Using a multiomics approach, we identify and characterize common endotypes in mutations across all three FAD genes: dedifferentiation of a mature neuron to a less differentiated quasi-neuron state, dysregulation of synaptic signaling, repression of mitochondrial function and metabolism, and inflammation. The integrativeanalysis allowed us to ascertain the master transcriptional regulators associated with these endotypes, including REST, ASCL1, and ZIC family members (activation), as well as NRF1 (repression).
Conclusions
Our findings characterize the common regulatory changes within endotypes across these FAD mutations. However, the severity of dysregulation often differs between PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP mutations both in magnitude and direction. The overarching common link between mutations in FAD genes is the reversion to a less-differentiated neuron state. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms described within disease endotypes offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
A Rare Case of Parotid Gland Neoplasm With Squamous Cell Origin
Authors: Khan Yameena Noman , Mala Ali , Osmani Asif Hussain , Kumar Vinesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare and an aggressive malignancy and has devastating consequences. Although managed with radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, the outcome of this disease remains dismal. It is vital to distinguish these tumors from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and other primary malignancies of the parotid gland via clinical and histological examinations. We hereby report a case of a young male patient presented with a progressively increasing mass in the left parotid region, with radiology and pathology consistent with primary parotid gland SCC along with lung metastasis. He received palliative chemotherapy initially but later passed away due to progression of disease.
Classification of anthropogenic minerals for sustainable resource governance
Authors: Zeng Xianlai , Xu Guochang , Li Jinhui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The depletion of primary resources and the increase in waste have weakened global sustainability. Recycling secondary resources through a circular economy is playing an increasingly larger role in sustaining supply. However, a lack of scientific classification and quantification of secondary resources, also called “anthropogenic minerals”, has impeded the systematic and efficient governance of these resources. Here, through an analogy to the geological mineral classification framework, we create an assessment methodology of anthropogenic mineral resources, reserve bases, and reserves. Using automobiles and electrical and electronic equipment as examples, we found the formation of anthropogenic mineral resources of 42 target metals reached 15 million metric tonnes in 2021 in China, of which only 11–17 metals have anthropogenic mineral reserves and can be partially recycled, and the other 25–31 undergo a single life cycle in these modern products. A scientific assessment approach will contribute significantly to building industrial material circulation and conserving virgin resources by using secondary resources. This innovative classification framework and quantification method could potentially foster better policy-making for secondary resource governance and an improved technical system in the circular economy with the aim of decoupling economic growth from resource depletion and environmental degradation.
Possibilities to improve the psycho-emotional state of children with respiratory tuberculosis in in-patient settings during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sheloumova O. S. , Zolotova N. V. 
Published: December 2022

The objective: to evaluate changes in parameters of psycho-emotional state in children with respiratory tuberculosis (RTB) in in-patient settings after psychological management using relaxation and mindfulness practices and telephone counseling.Subjects and Methods. 64 children ill with respiratory tuberculosis aged 6-13 years old were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups: those examined before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2019 – February 2020) (n = 30) and those examined during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 – February 2022) (n = 34). In the groups, the levels of emotional tension, anxiety and excitement in children were studied. The article also presents comparative assessment of changes in the parameters of psycho-emotional state in the group of children examined during the pandemic and after 2 months of psychological management.Results. Children admitted to the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic were signiﬁcantly more likely to have abnormal parameters of psychoemotional state versus children hospitalized before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. After 2 months of psychological management using relaxation and mindfulness practices and telephone counseling, most children demonstrated improvement of their psycho-emotional state parameters.
THE INTER-RATER AND INTRA-RATER RELIABILITY OF GLENOHUMERAL JOINT POSITION AND MOVEMENT SENSE TESTS APPLIED USING AN ISOKINETIC DYNAMOMETER
Authors: ARSLAN Serdar , YAPALI Gökmen 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to test the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of glenohumeral joint (GHJ) position and movement sense tests of an isokinetic dynamometer in healthy individuals.
Methods: The study included 17 healthy subjects (8 female). GHJ position and movement sense tests were applied by two raters with an isokinetic dynamometer to the dominant extremity. Both tests were performed while GHJ positioned 90° abduction and elbow flexion, reference angles for position sense were 30°-60° internal and external rotation and movement sense tests were conducted at 0.1°/s to the both internal and external rotation directions. The error score, by averaging the three trials, was measured as the absolute difference between the target angle and the observed angle.
Results: The different error types calculated for position sense were in the range of mean 0.02±1.62- 5.42±1.74. The ICC value for the different error types was determined in the range of 0.038 - 0.657 for the intra-rater tests, and 0.095-0.779 for the inter-rater tests. The movement sense test results for different directions and angles ranged from 9.61±2.61 to 11.18±2.89. The ICC values for movemeent sense were in the range of 0.687-0.912 for the intra-rater tests, and 0.844-0.925 for the inter-rater tests.
Conclusion: The isokinetic dynamometer showed moderate-good intra-rater and inter-rater test reliability in the measurement of the GHJ internal rotation movement sense. The intra-rater test reliability was poor in external rotation but the inter-rater test reliability was moderate-good. However in the measurement of movement sense, the isokinetic dynamometer showed intra-rater and inter-rater test reliability at an excellent level. The conformity of both the position and the movement sense tests, and therefore, the repeatability, was extremely good.
An assessment methodology for drought severity and vulnerability using precipitation-based indices for the arid, semi-arid and humid districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Natarajan N. , Vasudevan M. , Ahash Raja S. , Mohanpradaap K. , Sneha G. , Joshna Shanu S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As the short- and long-term impacts of climate change are becoming more visible at smaller regional scales, frequent occurrence (absence) of erratic precipitation as well as water scarcity issues can be identified as reliable indicators for predicting meteorological droughts. A supervised declaration of meteorological drought based on available precipitation data requires an understanding of reliability and consistency of drought indices for appropriate severity classification. An attempt has been made in this study to critically evaluate the performance of six popular drought indices namely, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), China Z Index (CZI), Modified China Z Index (MCZI), Deciles Index (DI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), and Z-Score Index (ZSI) for four districts in Tamil Nadu falling under arid (Karur), semi-arid (Cuddalore), dry sub-humid (Kanyakumari) and moist sub-humid (Coimbatore) conditions based on 120 years of precipitation records. Results showed that the SPI and CZI provided similar quantification of drought events (about 18% of the total months) irrespective of their climatic considerations while ZSI and RAI resulted in overestimation of drought severity (about 30–47%). Based on the classification strategy adopted for the selected indices, a framework for drought vulnerability assessment is proposed in conjunction with the estimated drought severity classifications.
Flow behaviour concerning bank stability in the presence of spur dike – A review
Authors: Patel Harish Kumar , Arora Sukhjeet , Lade Abhijit D. , Kumar Bimlesh , Azamathulla H. Md. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Flow in streams and rivers typically erodes the banks, causing channel bank migration laterally, resulting in loss of nearby land, modification in channel morphology, excessive sediment transport, and water quality degradation. A spur dike is a hydraulic structure placed at the channel bank projecting outward to guide or divert the flow away from the bank, thus protecting it from erosion. The stability of the riverbed and banks is influenced by turbulent characteristics such as three-dimensional velocity distribution, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress, turbulent intensity, and bed shear stress. The researchers found that these turbulence parameters are instrumental in sediment movement along the channel's bed and from its banks. Spurs dikes are a significant river training structure provided along the river bank to protect from erosion. Several aspects related to spur dikes, such as their geometry, physical features, design considerations, flow and scour patterns, etc., are critically reviewed in this paper. Despite the numbers of literature in the field of turbulent characteristics and scour depth around spur dike, the role of vegetation and the effect of seepage around spur dike still remains an unexplored area. These knowledge gaps of spur dikes in field conditions are discussed for future studies.
Bronchoscopy Findings of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients Treated in ICU: A Year of Experience in a Developing Country
Authors: Pratomo Irandi Putra , Priyonugroho Gatut , Baskoro Hario , Handayani R.R. Diah , Zaini Jamal , Rozaliyani Anna , Aditianingsih Dita , Kusumaningrum Ardiana , Kinasih Tutug , Maretta Ike , Rasigita Himela Asfi 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Bronchoscopy procedure in patients with COVID-19 poses significant challenges, especially in a developing country with limited resources.

Objectives:
We aim to describe the clinical characteristics of severe and critical COVID-19 patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU) and their bronchoscopy findings.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data of ICU patients with COVID-19 treated and received bronchoscopy procedures. This study retrospectively included all consecutive patients who underwent bronchoscopy at a teaching hospital in Depok, Indonesia, from May, 2020, until May, 2021.

Results:
A total of 57 bronchoscopy procedures in 54 patients were performed in this study. Primary procedure indications were retained mucus (68.4%) and ventilatory support weaning failure (15.8%). Bronchoscopic findings were mostly hyperaemic mucosa (95.00%) and purulent secretion (50.90%). Microbiological findings from bronchoalveolar samples were Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans (33.3%, 26.6%, and 10.5%, respectively). The most common fungal isolated were Candida albicans (28%), followed by Candida tropicalis (16%) and Aspergillus sp. (8%). The overall length of hospital stay was 24 days, and the in-ICU stay was 22.06 ± 10.99 days. The patients’ survival of 28-days postprocedural outcome was 25.9% (14 subjects). Follow-up found that 20.4% of patients survived after sixty days of hospitalization.

Conclusion:
Diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy in ICU patients with COVID-19 was safe and feasible to perform in developing countries with limited resources. It could help bronchial mucous clearance and confirm microbiological infection. The procedures should be strictly performed for patients with indications and comply with safety standards.