bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox‐Active BIAN‐Based Iron Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Chacon‐Teran Miguel A. , Findlater Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstractα‐Diimine ligands have contributed extensively to the coordination chemistry of the majority of the transition metals; bis(arylimino)acenaphthene ligands (BIANs) have been widely studied and found to offer great versatility in their application as supporting ligands in catalytic transformations. In recent years, BIAN‐based iron complexes have proven effective in mediating a number of reductive transformations which includes hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydrogenation chemistries. This review highlights the most recent contributions to the field. In our initial 2015 communication, we disclosed that the arene‐capped Fe(0) species ArBIAN−Fe(toluene) mediates aldehyde and ketone hydrosilylation with exceptional activity under solvent‐free conditions. This led us to the discovery that such systems were capable of the hydrosilylation of imines and esters, the hydroboration of imines, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, and alkynes and even the ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide. Spectroscopic and computational studies have firmly established the importance of redox non‐innocence in BIAN complexes and detailed mechanistic studies have revealed the importance of spin‐state‐crossing in catalysis. Although this work represents only a small component of advances in iron catalysis, our efforts have proven influential in Fe‐based approaches to reductive transformations and is likely to continue to inform the design of Fe‐based catalysts.
Cross‐Coupling of C−H and N−H Bonds: A Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C−N Bonds
Authors: Ravindar Lekkala , Hasbullah Siti Aishah , Hassan Nurul Izzaty , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe progress in C−N bond construction is significant in synthetic and biological chemistry. Cross‐dehydrogenative couplings of C−H and N−H motifs serve as a unique class of the most atom‐economical and straightforward strategies for constructing C−N bonds. Herein, we enclosed the most updated methodologies developed in the assembly of C−N bonds via photo‐catalyzed, transition‐metal‐catalyzed, electrochemical, and metal‐free amination and amidation reactions of saturated and unsaturated C−H bonds. Compared with the well‐established transition‐metal‐catalyzed protocols, electricity, or visible light‐mediated amination and amidation reactions are competent and appealing. Plausible mechanistic pathways are also described in representative amidation and amination reactions to provide insights for the future development of environmentally kind processes.
Characterization of Metal Pulsed Exposure to Aquatic Organisms with Post-Exposure Monitoring: Implications for Stormwater Exposure Assessment
Authors: Karic Hanna , Colvin Marienne A. , Rosen Gunther , Hoang Tham C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Freshwater organisms are often exposed to contaminants such as heavy metals from stormwater discharges, which are dependent on rainfall duration and intensity. Therefore, standardized (48- or 96-h) continuous exposure methods developed for whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing might not always accurately convey the effects of stormwater and runoff contaminants. The present study characterized the acute toxicity of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) to freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and cadmium (Cd) to water fleas (Ceriodaphnia dubia) using a modified exposure design that integrated relevant pulsed durations and included post-exposure monitoring. Less than 24-h-old C. dubia and 7 to 8-day-old H. azteca were exposed to water spiked with Cu, Zn, or Cd using 6-, 12-, 26-, or 96-h durations under standard laboratory conditions and monitored for cumulative mortality and reproduction (C. dubia only). Lethal effect (LC10s, LC25s, LC50s) and reproductive effect (EC25s, EC50s) were determined based on either mortality or reproduction of organisms at the end of each pulse (6, 12, or 26 h) and at the end of their respective tests (96 h). For all metals exposed to each organism, acute toxicity was found to be highest for the (96 h) continuous exposures. For pulsed exposures, mortality continued to increase following transfer to clean water for post-exposure monitoring. These results indicate a latent effect of Cu, Zn, and Cd to H. azteca and Cd to C. dubia. The present study concluded that using the continuous (48- or 96-h) WET exposure method overestimates the effects of stormwater and runoff contaminants. However, pulsed exposures without post-exposure monitoring also underestimate the toxicity of contaminants. The proposed pulsed exposure design provides a compromise that is more realistic than current WET methods to assess impacts from episodic events and accounts for potential latent effects that may be overlooked without monitoring post-exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2488–2499. © 2022 SETAC
A novel communication‐aware adaptive key management approach for ensuring security in IoT networks
Authors: Tamizhselvan C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) encompasses heterogeneous communication devices and wireless technologies to provide ubiquitous access using end‐user devices. It operates on a common website for connecting versatile devices with seamless communication, data access and sharing. Communication through wireless medium requires enormous security features to protect both public and private data across different interconnected resources. Therefore, in this article, a communication‐aware adaptive key management (CAKM) is proposed to ensure two levels of security in IoT communication. The two‐levels of security include both device and message that is facilitated using certificate authority and key management. By exploiting the benefits of hyper elliptic curve cryptography (HECC), the communication‐aware adaptive key management ensures message authentication for the device requests. Initially, the device requests are classified on the basis of its service time and correlated to the time‐to‐live period of the certificate. The proposed method attains low computational time 10.9%, 30.2%, and 54.3%, high security level 10.9%, 30.2%, and 54.3%, high successful message rate 10.9%, 30.2%, and 54.3% and low key agreement time 10.9%, 30.2%, and 54.3% when compared to the three existing methods, such as bilateral generalization inhomogeneous short integer solution (Bi‐GISIS)‐based key management in IoT security (Bi‐GISIS‐IoT), hyper elliptic curve based public key cryptosystem in IoT security (HCCPK‐IoT) and enhanced symmetric key‐based authentication in IoT security (ESKA‐IoT). Finally, the proposed method provides an efficient security with low computational time.
Planetary health pedagogy: Preparing health promoters for 21st‐century environmental challenges
Authors: Capetola Teresa , Noy Sue , Patrick Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssue addressedMultiple interconnected drivers threaten the health and wellbeing of humans and the environment, including biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, rapid urbanisation and displacement. This requires enhanced literacy on health of the environment and innovation in problem conceptualisation and cross‐sectoral solutions. Contemporary mandates (eg, Ottawa Charter) task health promoters to tackle the human and environmental health crisis. To address the complex determinants across multiple settings, health promotion graduates require competencies in interdisciplinary collaboration grounded in systems thinking. They also require knowledge and agility to leverage multiple gains from health promotion action that benefits people and planet. Similarly, health promotion practitioners are currently aware of the need for skills to deliver co‐benefits to people and planet. Planetary health, as theory and framework, provides a socio‐ecological focus, systems thinking approach, co‐benefits framework for action and foundational basis to enhance health promotion graduates' skills and competencies to address multiple health and planetary challenges. To date, there have been limited practical attempts to address these challenges.MethodA desktop review and synthesis of teaching and learning scholarship in planetary health were coupled with iterative critical reflections of teaching practice, and the use of two case studies, to illuminate innovations in health promotion competencies.ResultsTwo examples of how planetary health promotion challenges are addressed through teaching and learning scholarship are presented to illustrate the use of a tailored sustainability tool and a deliberative interdisciplinary approach to collaboration, delivered within a course that constructively aligns curriculum content and assessment.ConclusionA bespoke model, the Sustainability Wheel of Fortune, combined with constructive interactive teaching approaches, adds interdisciplinary collaboration and systems thinking approaches to the knowledge and practice of planetary health. A postgraduate microcredential fast‐tracks knowledge and skills acquisition for recent graduates and established practitioners interested in upskilling for planning planet and population health co‐benefits.So what?The Sustainability Wheel of Fortune provides health promotion students with a model for understanding, and addressing, complex global and local challenges. The microcredential builds on health promotion competencies to develop interdisciplinary and systems‐based approaches to planetary health challenges.
Treadmill training improves cognitive function by increasing IGF2 targeted downregulation of miRNA‐483
Authors: Dong Xiu‐Juan , Chen Jun‐Jie , Xue Lu‐Lu , Al‐hawwas Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptimal exercise can promote the development of cognitive functions. Nevertheless, mechanisms that elicit these positive effects of exercise still need to be elucidated. Insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is known to act as a potent enhancer of memory and cognitive functions, whereas the mechanism by which IGF2 regulates cognitive functions in terms of moderate treadmill exercise remains largely vague. In the study, rats were subjected to low‐, moderate‐, and high‐intensity treadmill training for 6 weeks. Then, the Morris water maze test was used to investigate spatial learning and memory ability in rats subjected to treadmill exercises of different intensities. Subsequently, gene chip and bioinformatics analyses were used to explore IGF2 and predict target microRNAs (miRNAs). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to detect the levels of IGF2. Furthermore, IGF2‐small interfering RNA, the miRNA‐483‐mimic, and the miRNA‐483‐inhibitor were transfected to determine the role of IGF2 and miRNA‐483 in the growth of hippocampal neurons. The results of the Morris water maze test showed that moderate‐intensity treadmill training enhanced cognitive functions; meanwhile, the expression of IGF2 was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus after moderate‐intensity treadmill exercise. From databases, miRNA‐483 was screened and predicted as the target gene of IGF2. Moreover, silencing IGF2 inhibited neurite growth in the hippocampus of rats, the miRNA‐483‐inhibitor ameliorated silencing IGF2 induced impairment of hippocampal neurons. These findings suggested that treadmill training could enhance cognitive functions, wherein the underlying mechanism involved an increase in the expression of IGF2 and downregulation of miRNA‐483.
Credit purpose and the interest rate – Evidence from the European Household Finance and Consumption Survey
Authors: Bialowolski Piotr , Cwynar Andrzej , Weziak‐Bialowolska Dorota 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe article presents empirical evidence for a significant role of stated credit purpose for the level of interest rates paid by the end users of non‐mortgage credit (households). Data for the analysis was drawn from two waves of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. The results of median regression show that, with the exception of credit for consolidation of other debts, remaining credit purposes were associated with lower interest rates compared to the interest rates of credit for car purchases. Especially low interest rates were evidenced for educational debt. Quantile regression analysis has shown that households which, given their socioeconomic background, experienced the highest interest rate costs, paid additional premiums if their debt was related to consolidation of previous debts or consumption. In the case of households paying relatively low premiums, consolidation of other debts and consumption motives were associated with lower interest rates than loans devoted to car purchase.
Guide to diagnosing and treating neoplasia in ferrets
Authors: Dias Sara 
Published: July 2022

Background: Statistics for the actual incidence of neoplasia in pet ferrets are not currently available; however, multiple case reports of different types of neoplasia in this species are described in the literature. The majority of tumours are seen in animals older than three years of age, and multiple types of neoplasia can occur in the same ferret.Aim of the article: This article provides an overview of the most common ferret neoplasms seen by general veterinary practitioners, and aims to help practitioners approach these cases with more confidence. The endocrine, haemolymphatic and integumentary systems are most commonly affected, with adrenocortical tumours and insulinoma at the top of the list.
Working with farmers to optimise mineral balance in grazing sheep
Authors: Clarkson Andrea , Angell Joe , Kendall Nigel 
Published: July 2022

Background: Trace mineral analysis is a useful but underused tool in ruminant livestock production. Routine on‐farm use of diagnostic techniques can help to ensure animal nutritional requirements are being met through improved supplementation choices and timing of diagnostics.Aim of the article: This article discusses the practical importance of trace mineral testing and supplementation in sheep flocks. We include a case study to demonstrate how trace mineral management can be accomplished.
Double‐negative T cells mediate M1 polarization of microglial cells via TNF‐α‐NLRP3 to aggravate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice
Authors: Han Chenyang , Sheng Yongjia , Wang Jin , Zhou Xiaohong , Li Wenyan , Zhang Caiqun , Guo Li , Yang Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe mainly study the role and regulatory mechanism of double‐negative T cells (DNTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mice splenic DNTs were separated and amplified by Rosettesep antibody adsorption method and Easysep magnetic activated cell sorting. DNTs were intraperitoneally injected into the APP/PS1‐AD mice model, which was found to aggravate cognitive impairment in mice. DNTs secreted tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) to promote the activation of NLRP3 and the M1 polarization of microglial cells, and silencing NLRP3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed the effect of DNTs. DNTs were later cocultured with mice microglial cell line BV2, then fluorescence staining was conducted to detect NLRP3 expression, and enzyme‐linked immunoassay was performed to measure the expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, the levels of NLRP3, ASC, and TNFR1 proteins were detected by western‐blot assay, and the proportion of F4/80 + CD11b + M1 cells was detected by flow cytometry. DNTs promoted the M1 polarization of BV2 cells and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. After treatment of BV2 cells with NLRP3 inhibitor, the effect of DNTs was weakened. Later, TNF‐α siRNA was transfected into DNTs, and it was found that DNTs with TNF‐α silencing had markedly weakened polarization effect on BV2 cells. We discovered that the proportion of DNTs increased in AD patients. DNTs secreted TNF‐α to regulate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the M1 polarization of microglial cells, thus promoting the central inflammatory response and aggravating the cognitive impairment in AD mice.
Sepsis, pyruvate, and mitochondria energy supply chain shortage
Authors: McCall Charles E , Zhu Xuewei , Zabalawi Manal , Long David , Quinn Matthew A , Yoza Barbara K , Stacpoole Peter W , Vachharajani Vidula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBalancing high energy-consuming danger resistance and low energy supply of disease tolerance is a universal survival principle that often fails during sepsis. Our research supports the concept that sepsis phosphorylates and deactivates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex control over the tricarboxylic cycle and the electron transport chain. StimulatIng mitochondrial energetics in septic mice and human sepsis cell models can be achieved by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases with the pyruvate structural analog dichloroacetate. Stimulating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by dichloroacetate reverses a disruption in the tricarboxylic cycle that induces itaconate, a key mediator of the disease tolerance pathway. Dichloroacetate treatment increases mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, decreases oxidant stress, overcomes metabolic paralysis, regenerates tissue, organ, and innate and adaptive immune cells, and doubles the survival rate in a murine model of sepsis.
Automated Methods for Detecting and Quantitation of Enlarged Perivascular spaces on MRI
Authors: Moses Jasmine , Sinclair Ben , Law Meng , O'Brien Terence J. , Vivash Lucy 
Published: July 2022

The brain's glymphatic system is a network of intracerebral vessels that function to remove “waste products” such as degraded proteins from the brain. It comprises of the vasculature, perivascular spaces (PVS), and astrocytes. Poor glymphatic function has been implicated in numerous diseases; however, its contribution is still unknown. Efforts have been made to image the glymphatic system to further assess its role in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Numerous imaging modalities have been utilized including two‐photon microscopy and contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, these are associated with limitations for clinical use. PVS form a part of the glymphatic system and can be visualized on standard MRI sequences when enlarged. It is thought that PVS become enlarged secondary to poor glymphatic drainage of metabolites. Thus, quantitating PVS could be a good surrogate marker for glymphatic function. Numerous manual rating scales have been developed to measure the PVS number and size on MRI scans; however, these are associated with many limitations. Instead, automated methods have been created to measure PVS more accurately in different diseases. In this review, we discuss the imaging techniques currently available to visualize the glymphatic system as well as the automated methods currently available to measure PVS, and the strengths and limitations associated with each technique.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Impacts of 2 and 4°C global warmings on extreme temperatures in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai I‐Chun , Hsieh Pei‐Rong , Cheng Chao‐Tzuen , Tung Yu‐Shiang , Lin Lee‐Yaw , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtreme temperatures were considered natural hazards because they could increase morbidity and mortality. Understanding the extreme temperature changes at different warming levels is crucial to climate change mitigation and adoption for human health. This study projected climate change effects on the intensity, occurrence, and duration of extreme temperatures in Taiwan with 2 and 4°C global warming scenarios using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The future climate simulations were conducted with the pseudo‐global warming approach, and the future climate changes were obtained from the ensemble mean of simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. The simulated daily mean temperature increased by 1.40 and 3.09°C under 2 and 4°C global warmings. In a warming world, the daily maximum temperature was projected to increase by 1.35–3.00°C, whereas the daily minimum temperature was even higher, leading to weaker diurnal temperature variation in most regions. The simulation results show that intensified heatwaves with frequent and prolonged durations become par for the course, whereas extremely cold days disappear gradually. The occurrence of heatwaves in the future is projected to be five times that in the current climate. Comparing the global warming impacts over different land‐use types, the heatwave occurrence over urban areas rose more quickly than over other land‐use types; forests are less vulnerable to global warming. On the contrary, the changes in extremely cold days over urban areas were weaker than over other land‐use types. Overall, the effects of global warming on temperature revealed that extreme events were more severe with increased temperature than with the mean state of air temperature. Nonlinear behaviours indicated that global warming should be limited to 2°C, and the additional 2°C warming (from 2 to 4°C) should be addressed carefully.
The causal effect of life course adiposity on periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Wenjing , He Ying , Zheng Qiwen , Deng Xuliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo establish whether life course adiposity, including birth weight (BW), childhood and adulthood body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BF%), has a causal influence on periodontitis.MethodsWe used single‐nucleotide polymorphisms with significant associations with life course adiposity as instrumental variables. We examined their association with periodontitis risk in a genome‐wide association study involving periodontitis cases (n = 17,353) and healthy controls (n = 28,210) using a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) strategy. The association of life course adiposity with periodontitis risk was estimated with inverse‐variance weighting with random effects. We performed sensitivity analyses using MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR‐PRESSO), weighted median, and MR‐Egger methods. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for one standard deviation (SD) increase per risk factor to estimate the effect on the risk of periodontitis.ResultsAfter correction for multiple testing, there was an association between each SD increase in gene‐predicted adulthood BMI with a higher periodontitis risk (OR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.23, p = 3.1 × 10−4), with a similar influence for BF% on periodontitis risk (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12–1.49, p = 3.3 × 10−4). No causal association was detected for gene‐predicted BW, childhood BMI, or WHR with periodontitis risk.ConclusionWe present new proof supporting a causal function of greater adiposity, especially high BMI and BF%, being associated with higher periodontitis risk. We recommend that future studies focus on periodontitis from a life course perspective.