bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there Age‐Related Differences in the Effects of Prior Knowledge on Learning? Insights Gained from the Memory Congruency Effect
Authors: Brod Garvin , Shing Yee Lee 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTHumans accumulate knowledge throughout their entire lives. In what ways does this accumulation of knowledge influence learning of new information? Are there age‐related differences in the way prior knowledge is leveraged for remembering new information? We review studies that have investigated these questions, focusing on those that have used the memory congruency effect, which provides a quantitative measure of memory advantage because of prior knowledge. Regarding the first question, evidence suggests that the accumulation of knowledge is a key factor promoting the development of memory across childhood and counteracting some of the decline in older age. Regarding the second question, evidence suggests that, if available knowledge is controlled for, age‐related differences in the memory congruency effect largely disappear. These results point to an age‐invariance in the way prior knowledge is leveraged for learning new information. Research on neural mechanisms and implications for application are discussed.
Factors related to turnover intention among emergency department nurses in China: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhou Xuan , Gong Yanhong , Tian Mengge , Wu Yafei , Zhang Jiali , Chen Zhenyuan , Wang Jing , Wu Jianxiong , Yin Xiaoxv , Lv Chuanzhu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTurnover intention among nurses is high, especially in the emergency department. However, factors that are associated with Chinese emergency department nurses' turnover intention have been scarcely studied.AimsThe present study examined relationships between turnover intention and demographic characteristics, job‐related factors, depressive symptoms, and organizational commitment among emergency department nurses.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study of emergency department nurses was conducted in China between July and August 2018. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education, and self‐rated health status), job‐related factors (qualification title, job seniority, night shifts, and workplace violence), depressive symptoms, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to identify factors that are associated with turnover intention among emergency department nurses.ResultsA total of 17 582 emergency department nurses participated in the study. The response rate was 68.9%. The findings indicated that poor self‐rated health status (β = 0.25, p < .001), working more than 11 night shifts per month (β = 0.14, p < .01), experiencing workplace violence in the past year (β = 0.08, p < .05), and higher depressive symptom scores (β = 0.07, p < .001) positively correlated with turnover intention. More years of service (β = −0.38, p < .001) and higher organizational commitment scores (β = −0.45, p < .001) negatively correlated with turnover intention.ConclusionsHealth status, job seniority, night shift frequency per month, workplace violence, depressive symptoms, and organizational commitment were significantly associated with emergency department nurses' turnover intention.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTo reduce turnover intention in the emergency department nurses, hospital administrators and managers should implement measures to improve their physical and mental health, increase organizational commitment, develop staff acceptable shift schedules, and reduce incidences of workplace violence.
Cytotoxic activity of Nep1‐like proteins on monocots
Authors: Steentjes Maikel B. F. , Herrera Valderrama Andrea L. , Fouillen Laetitia , Bahammou Delphine , Leisen Thomas , Albert Isabell , Nürnberger Thorsten , Hahn Matthias , Mongrand Sébastien , Scholten Olga E. , van Kan Jan A. L. 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Necrosis‐ and ethylene‐inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)‐like proteins (NLPs) are found throughout several plant‐associated microbial taxa and are typically considered to possess cytolytic activity exclusively on dicot plant species. However, cytolytic NLPs are also produced by pathogens of monocot plants such as the onion (Allium cepa) pathogen Botrytis squamosa.

We determined the cytotoxic activity of B. squamosa BsNep1, as well as other previously characterized NLPs, on various monocot plant species and assessed the plant plasma membrane components required for NLP sensitivity.

Leaf infiltration of NLPs showed that onion cultivars are differentially sensitive to NLPs, and analysis of their sphingolipid content revealed that the GIPC series A : series B ratio did not correlate to NLP sensitivity. A tri‐hybrid population derived from a cross between onion and two wild relatives showed variation in NLP sensitivity within the population. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for NLP insensitivity that colocalized with a previously identified QTL for B. squamosa resistance and the segregating trait of NLP insensitivity correlated with the sphingolipid content.

Our results demonstrate the cytotoxic activity of NLPs on several monocot plant species and legitimize their presence in monocot‐specific plant pathogens.
Hydrogen sulphide ameliorates hexavalent chromium toxicity in two cereal crops: Role of antioxidant enzymes and proline metabolism
Authors: Singh S. K. , Husain T. , Suhel M. , Prasad S. M. , Singh V. P. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Chromium pollution in soils is a major threat as it reduces crop yields. Hence, researchers seek methods/strategies which could curtail such losses.

We report the role of H2S in alleviating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in two cereals crops, i.e. wheat and rice seedlings, by estimating various physiological attributes.

Cr(VI) reduced shoot and root length in both cereals through increased accumulation of Cr(VI) in root tips and increased in oxidative stress markers, i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR), H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (as MDA equivalent). Supplementation with H2S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity in both cereal crops.

Application of H2S increased tolerance to Cr(VI) stress by protecting photosynthesis and enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione‐S‐transferase and content of proline. Rice was more resistant to Cr(VI) than wheat seedlings.
Pandemic lockdown, isolation, and exit policies based on machine learning predictions
Authors: Evgeniou Theodoros , Fekom Mathilde , Ovchinnikov Anton , Porcher Raphaël , Pouchol Camille , Vayatis Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

The widespread lockdowns imposed in many countries at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic elevated the importance of research on pandemic management when medical solutions such as vaccines are unavailable. We present a framework that combines a standard epidemiological SEIR (susceptible–exposed–infected–removed) model with an equally standard machine learning classification model for clinical severity risk, defined as an individual's risk of needing intensive care unit (ICU) treatment if infected. Using COVID‐19–related data and estimates for France as of spring 2020, we then simulate isolation and exit policies. Our simulations show that policies considering clinical risk predictions could relax isolation restrictions for millions of the lowest risk population months earlier while consistently abiding by ICU capacity restrictions. Exit policies without risk predictions, meanwhile, would considerably exceed ICU capacity or require the isolation of a substantial portion of population for over a year in order to not overwhelm the medical system. Sensitivity analyses further decompose the impact of various elements of our models on the observed effects. Our work indicates that predictive modeling based on machine learning and artificial intelligence could bring significant value to managing pandemics. Such a strategy, however, requires governments to develop policies and invest in infrastructure to operationalize personalized isolation and exit policies based on risk predictions at scale. This includes health data policies to train predictive models and apply them to all residents, as well as policies for targeted resource allocation to maintain strict isolation for high‐risk individuals.
Shoot tip cryotherapy for plant pathogen eradication
Authors: Wang Min‐Rui , Bi Wen‐Lu , Bettoni Jean Carlos , Zhang Dong , Volk Gayle M. , Wang Qiao‐Chun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiseases caused by plant pathogens such as viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas cause huge economic losses of agricultural production and limit the safe movement of plant materials across borders. The use of pathogen‐free planting materials provides a strategy for efficient management of these diseases and facilitates the global exchange of genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method that uses cryogenic procedures to eradicate plant pathogens from the diseased plants. Combining thermotherapy or chemotherapy with shoot tip cryotherapy has further enhanced pathogen eradication efficiency. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on shoot tip cryotherapy and the combination of thermotherapy or chemotherapy with shoot tip cryotherapy for pathogen eradication. Prospects are proposed for future studies.
γ‐Secretase inhibitors suppress IL‐20‐mediated osteoclastogenesis via Notch signalling and are affected by Notch2 in vitro
Authors: Yang Benyi , Fu Chaoran , Wu Yilin , Liu Yuanbo , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xin , Wu Dongle , Gan Ziqi , Chen Zhengyuan , Cao Yang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune disease involving the small joints, which often causes irreversible damage. In recent years, elevated interleukin 20 (IL‐20) has been observed in synovial fluid, while IL‐20 receptor overexpression has been observed in synovial cells. IL‐20 is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in various immune diseases. Further understanding of the relationship between IL‐20 and RA can help to identify a potential clinical treatment for RA. This study demonstrated that IL‐20 can regulate osteoclast differentiation and function in a dose‐dependent manner, while influencing the expression of Notch signalling. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting showed that γ‐secretase‐inhibiting drugs can reverse the effects of IL‐20. The effects of Notch2 on IL‐20‐induced osteoclastogenesis were investigated by immunofluorescence and Notch2 gene silencing via transfection of small interfering RNA; the results showed that Notch2 obviously affected the expression levels of the key protein NFATc1 and downstream osteoclastic proteins. In conclusion, we found that IL‐20 regulated the osteoclastogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner via Notch signalling, primarily by means of Notch2 activity. This study may help to find new targets for RA treatment.
Signal of safety due to adverse drug reactions induced by tacrolimus with or without azithromycin
Authors: Yonezawa Ryo , Sunaga Tomiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe identified two reports of drug levels increased and acute kidney injury caused by the drug‐drug interaction between azithromycin (AZM) and tacrolimus (TAC). However, it is unclear whether the combination of these two drugs causes additive or synergistic adverse drug reactions. Therefore, we evaluated the disproportionality in reporting drug level increased and acute kidney injury for these two drugs are used alone and in combination with each other.MethodData from the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System from 1974 to Q3/2021 were used. Reports based on exposure to macrolide antibiotic alone, TAC alone, and each macrolide antibiotic + TAC were extracted. Proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and a lower limit of the 95% CI (Lower95CI) value of 2.0 or higher was interpreted as a signal of safety.ResultsLower95CIs for macrolide antibiotic alone and TAC showed no potential signals of safety, including drug level increase, acute kidney injury, and control event. The PRRs and 95% CI for drug levels increased were 3.27 (2.69–3.97) for AZM + TAC, and 10.81 (9.59–12.17) for clarithromycin (CAM) + TAC. For CAM + TAC, the PRR and 95% CI were 8.42 (7.51–9.44) in acute kidney injury. However, AZM + TAC was not associated with a signal of safety in acute kidney injury.ConclusionsThis suggests that AZM + TAC has a low risk of causing acute kidney injury but may cause increased drug levels.
5‐HT7 receptors expressed in the mouse parafacial region are not required for respiratory chemosensitivity
Authors: Shi Yingtang , Sobrinho Cleyton R. , Soto‐Perez Jaseph , Milla Brenda M. , Stornetta Daniel S. , Stornetta Ruth L. , Takakura Ana C. , Mulkey Daniel K. , Moreira Thiago S. , Bayliss Douglas A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA brainstem homeostatic system senses CO2/H+ to regulate ventilation, blood gases and acid–base balance. Neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and medullary raphe are both implicated in this mechanism as respiratory chemosensors, but recent pharmacological work suggested that the CO2/H+ sensitivity of RTN neurons is mediated indirectly, by raphe‐derived serotonin acting on 5‐HT7 receptors. To investigate this further, we characterized Htr7 transcript expression in phenotypically identified RTN neurons using multiplex single cell qRT‐PCR and RNAscope. Although present in multiple neurons in the parafacial region of the ventrolateral medulla, Htr7 expression was undetectable in most RTN neurons (Nmb+/Phox2b+) concentrated in the densely packed cell group ventrolateral to the facial nucleus. Where detected, Htr7 expression was modest and often associated with RTN neurons that extend dorsolaterally to partially encircle the facial nucleus. These dorsolateral Nmb+/Htr7+ neurons tended to express Nmb at high levels and the intrinsic RTN proton detectors Gpr4 and Kcnk5 at low levels. In mouse brainstem slices, CO2‐stimulated firing in RTN neurons was mostly unaffected by a 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist, SB269970 (n = 11/13). At the whole animal level, microinjection of SB269970 into the RTN of conscious mice blocked respiratory stimulation by co‐injected LP‐44, a 5‐HT7 receptor agonist, but had no effect on CO2‐stimulated breathing in those same mice. We conclude that Htr7 is expressed by a minor subset of RTN neurons with a molecular profile distinct from the established chemoreceptors and that 5‐HT7 receptors have negligible effects on CO2‐evoked firing activity in RTN neurons or on CO2‐stimulated breathing in mice.Key points
Neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are intrinsic CO2/H+ chemosensors and serve as an integrative excitatory hub for control of breathing.
Serotonin can activate RTN neurons, in part via 5‐HT7 receptors, and those effects have been implicated in conferring an indirect CO2 sensitivity.
Multiple single cell molecular approaches revealed low levels of 5‐HT7 receptor transcript expression restricted to a limited population of RTN neurons.
Pharmacological experiments showed that 5‐HT7 receptors in RTN are not required for CO2/H+‐stimulation of RTN neuronal activity or CO2‐stimulated breathing.
These data do not support a role for 5‐HT7 receptors in respiratory chemosensitivity mediated by RTN neurons.
Li-stuffed garnet electrolytes: structure, ionic conductivity, chemical stability, interface, and applications
Authors: Chen Bowen , Sarkar Subhajit , Palakkathodi Kammampata Sanoop , Zhou Chengtian , Thangadurai Venkataraman 
Published: April 2022

Current lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and peak power demand. However, the organic liquid electrolytes used in the lithium-ion battery are flammable and not stable in contact with elemental lithium and at a higher voltage. To eliminate the safety and instability issues, solid-state (ceramic) electrolytes have attracted enormous interest worldwide, owing to their thermal and high voltage stability. Among all the solid-state electrolytes known today, the Li-stuffed garnet is one of the most promising electrolytes due to its physical and chemical properties such as high total Li-ion conductivity at room temperature, chemical stability with elemental lithium and high voltage lithium cathodes, and high electrochemical stability window (6 V vs. Li+/Li). In this short review, we provide an overview of Li-stuffed garnet electrolytes with a focus on their structure, ionic conductivity, transport mechanism, chemical stability, and battery applications.
Momentum relaxation of holographic Weyl semimetal from massive gravity
Authors: Zhao Junkun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the effects of momentum relaxation on the topological quantum phase transitions in holographic Weyl semimetals. The translational symmetry breaking in the field theory is realized in the framework of massive gravity. The quantum phase transition is between a Weyl semimetal phase and a topological trivial phase, which is controlled by M/b, i.e. the ratio of mass parameter and time reversal symmetry breaking parameter. We find that the critical value of the phase transition $$(M/b)_c$$

(
M
/
b
)

c

, characterized by the anomalous Hall conductivity, decreases with the increasing of graviton mass, i.e. the momentum relaxation strength. There exists a critical value of graviton mass above which the topological phase transition disappears and therefore the Weyl points are destroyed. All these phenomena are qualitatively similar to that of axion fields induced momentum relaxation, indicating that a universal feature emerges in the momentum relaxed holographic Weyl semimetals, which is also consistent with the predictions from weakly coupled field theory.
Risk Estimates of Imminent Cardiovascular Death and Heart Failure Hospitalization Are Improved Using Serial Natriuretic Peptide Measurements in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wolsk Emil , Claggett Brian , Diaz Rafael , Dickstein Kenneth , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Køber Lars , Lewis Eldrin F. , Maggioni Aldo P. , McMurray John J. V. , Probstfield Jeffrey L. , Riddle Matthew C. , Solomon Scott D. , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Pfeffer Marc A. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Baseline and temporal changes in natriuretic peptide (NP) concentrations have strong prognostic value with regard to long‐term cardiovascular risk stratification. To increase the clinical utility of NP sampling for patient management, we wanted to assess the incremental predictive value of 2 serial NP measurements compared with a single measurement and provide absolute risk estimates for cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (HFH) within 6 months based on 2 serial NP measurements.

Methods and Results

Consecutive NP samples obtained from 5393 patients with a recent coronary event and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Lixisenatide) trial were used to construct best logistic regression models with outcome of cardiovascular death or HFH (136 events). Absolute risk estimates of cardiovascular death or HFH within 6 months using either BNP (B‐type natriuretic peptide) or NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐BNP) serial measurements were depicted based on the concentrations of 2 serial NP measurements. During the 6‐month follow‐up periods, the incidence rate (±95% CIs) of cardiovascular death or HFH for patients was 14.0 (11.8‒16.6) per 1000 patient‐years. Risk prediction depended on NP concentrations from both prior and current sampling. NP sampling 6 months apart improved the predictive value and reclassification of patients compared with a single sample (AUROC [Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve]: BNP,
P
=0.003. NT‐proBNP,
P
<0.0001), with a majority of moderate‐risk patients (6‐month risk between 1% and 10%) being reclassified on the basis of the second NP sample.

Conclusions
Serial NP measurements improved prediction of imminent cardiovascular death or HFH in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. The absolute risk estimates provided may aid clinicians in decision‐making and help patients understand their short‐term risk profile.
Effect of Tricuspid Regurgitation on the Reported Quality of Life and Subsequent Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fujisawa Taishi , Kimura Takehiro , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Miyama Hiroshi , Katsumata Yoshinori , Ueda Ikuko , Tanimoto Kojiro , Kanki Hideaki , Fukuda Keiichi , Kohsaka Shun , Takatsuki Seiji 
Published: April 2022

Background
Atrial fibrillation and heart failure (HF) possess mutual risk factors and share a common pathophysiological pathway. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a known predictor of adverse events in patients with HF. However, its implications on patients with atrial fibrillation in its early stage remain unknown.

Methods and Results

Data of 2211 patients without previous HF diagnosis were extracted from a prospective, multicenter registry of newly diagnosed patients with atrial fibrillation. TR was categorized as absent, mild, moderate, and severe based on the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. The primary outcome was time to first hospitalization for HF after enrollment. The Atrial Fibrillation Effects on Quality‐of‐Life scores were compared. Overall, 1107 patients (50.1%) had TR (42.3%, 7.2%, and 0.6% for mild, moderate, and severe, respectively). During follow‐up (median 730 [interquartile range, 366–731] days), 44 patients (2.0%) experienced HF hospitalization, and the incidence increased with severity of TR (
P
<0.001). TR was an associated predictor of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.51,
P
=0.050; HR: 6.19,
P
=0.008; for moderate and severe TR versus no TR). Changes in AFEQT overall score were negatively related to TR severity (8.7±17.5 versus 8.5±17.0 versus 3.1±17.5 versus 1.4±11.8, absent versus mild versus moderate versus severe TR, respectively), although it was not an independent predictor after adjustments.

Conclusions
TR severity at atrial fibrillation diagnosis was an associated predictor of subsequent hospitalization for HF, which may warrant the need for a more intensive follow‐up and HF‐related management.
Are Sensory Experiences of One’s Deceased Spouse Associated with Bereavement-Related Distress?
Authors: Kamp Karina S. , Moskowitz Andrew , Due Helena , Spindler Helle 
Published: April 2022

Following late-life spousal bereavement, sensory and quasi-sensory experiences of the deceased (SED) are commonly reported. This longitudinal study examined SED among 310 older widowed adults 6–10 (T1) and 18–20 (T2) months post loss. Reports of SED in the first 6–10 months after loss were associated with higher symptom levels of prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and loneliness at T1. Experiencers of SED were more likely to experience symptoms of prolonged grief and post-traumatic stress above cut-off scores at T1. Importantly, only a minority of the experiencers of SED displayed these elevated levels of bereavement-related distress. In addition, employing multi-level-modeling, a similar trajectory of decreasing bereavement-related distress over time was found for both experiencers and non-experiencers of SED. We argue that SED may be one of several potential reactions to bereavement, which should not be seen as an indicator of grief complications per se.