bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-pixel energy-weighting techniques for metallic contaminant highlighting in a pharmaceutical hard capsule using a Timepix3 CdZnTe hybrid pixel detector
Authors: Roque Gerardo , Schütz Michael K. , Fey Julian , Useche Juan S. , Fiederle Michael , Procz Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The presented work describes the capabilities of a
state-of-the-art spectroscopic photon-counting hybrid pixel detector
for use in non-destructive testing, as a contaminant detector with
potential uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. A
pharmaceutical hard capsule containing vitamin powder, contaminated
with Steel (ST) and Tungsten (W) was prepared under controlled
conditions. Both contaminants are distinguished from the powder by
combining sub-pixel imaging with spectroscopic imaging analysis,
made possible by the use of a 2 mm CdZnTe sensor coupled to a
Timepix3 ASIC, operated in Time-over-Threshold and Time-of-Arrival
mode. The sub-pixelization technique achieves a spatial resolution
of 18.3 μm, with a maximum photon flux of
2.5× 106 photons/s· cm2. For the spectral
analysis technique implemented, each energy bin image is
energy-weighted, with weights optimally defined by considering the
bin contrast and noise behavior, and combined to form an
integrated-spectrum enhanced image with increased contaminant
visibility. Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) for each contaminant type
was used for performance assessment of the approach. A CNR increase
of 106% above the reference unweighted-spectrum image was achieved
for the ST contaminant, while the denser W contaminant showed a CNR
increase of 80%. This means that the presented spectroscopic
imaging technique is feasible for implementation in material
visibility enhancement.
A Study of Tourism Objects in Supporting Fieldwork-Based Geography Learning in Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sahrina Alfi , Sumarmi  , Purwanto  , Rosyida Fatiya , Fadlan Muhammad Sainul , Prasetyo Devi , Withuda Febrian Arrya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tourism objects in Malang Regency have variety of interactions in fulfilling the needs of tourists, including in Subermanjing Wetan District. Sumbermanjing Wetan District is an area that has a variety of tourism objects attractions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental and social conditions in the tourism object attractions of Sumbermanjing Wetan District in supporting fieldwork-based geography learning. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, while data collection is done through observation and field surveys. The results of this study indicate that the Sumbermanjing Wetan sub-district has various kinds of tourism objects such as marine tourism, water tourism, cultural tourism, educational tourism, culinary tourism, and special tourism object attraction. The existing tourism objects have their own characteristics in geography learning process. The application of geography learning in tourism attraction areas can be done by conducting fieldwork based learning and university programs. Fieldwork-based geography learning is related to the study of physical, environmental, social, tourism, and cultural geography, where each location can have various objects of study to support geography learning. In college tourism objects field work, of course, there will be obstacles related to finance, security, and licensing.
FOSS (Free Open Source Software) Integration to Implement WebGIS-Based Information System of Kelud Volcano
Authors: Bachri Syamsul , Sumarmi  , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Utaya Sugeng , Wirawan Rahmat , Nurdiansyah Farizki Dwitri , Nurjanah Alif Erfika , Tyas Lela Wahyu Ning , Adillah Akhmad Amri , Setia Denny 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to establish a webGIS-based disaster information system. WebGIS application is used as a dissemination strategy of geospatial information of the data obtained from the surrounding area of Kelud Volcano. This application utilizes theFree Open Source Software(FOSS) standardized by theOpen Geospatial Consortium(OGC). The initial step in the development of this system includes providing a database for geospatial data storing consisting of landslide-prone zones, land suitability, and tourism which were the focus of this research. The second step is the GeoJSON data conversion and Web Mapping Service (WMS) creation. This study has several results in the form of; 1) the establishment of a web-based GIS application system using FOSS standardized by OGC provides benefits in terms of cost efficiency in the development and provides convenience for the application because it is widely used by the community; 2) the development of information systems built in two directions between community participation and disaster web managers shows effective results; 3) the results of the two system tests show that the system built has no functional problems but, the version of the web browser used needs to be considered. This application is expected to build a communication aspect between policymakers and the community concerning an integrated disaster information management.
Environmental Sustainability and Spatial Pattern of Settlement in the Osing and Sasak Communities
Authors: Dewi Kusuma , Amaliya Lia Umi , Attamimi Muhammad Rafi’ , Fahmi Akmal , Wahyuningtyas Neni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Local communities have patterns of adaptation to their environment and produce local knowledge systems. Local knowledge provides a pattern of relationships between communities and their environment to support nature conservation. Local knowledge also produces spatial patterns of community settlements. The aim of this research is to find the differences and similarities the way of thinking Sasak and Osing tribes in protecting their environment and their relation to the spatial pattern of community settlements. This research is classified as a qualitative descriptive research. The approach used ethnography. Data search in this case using in-depth interview techniques, documentation, observation and literacy studies The data analysis technique went through several stages, namely collection, grouping, examination, analysis, and drawing conclusions. The results show that ecological knowledge to achieve environmental harmony has an impact on various behavioral patterns of the Osing and Sasak people. Series of activities to protect the environment starting from knowledge of agricultural systems, management of water resources, land use, plant use, rituals, cultural traditions, or settlement patterns. The spatial pattern of the Osing community settlement is north-south and the direction of the road. Meanwhile, the spatial pattern of the Sasak people’s settlements uses a mountain-sea and east-west orientation.
Soil Erosion mapping using Remote Sensing and GIS - A case study of Rewa River Watershed, Naitasiri province, Fiji
Authors: Thammadi Swetha Priya Darshini , Pisini Sateesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rewa river watershed covers approximately up around 33% of the Viti Levu’s total Land area in Fiji’s central division. Due to anthropogenic development activities, this region has undergone soil erosion and flooding. Soil erosion leads to a variety of environmental issues, with a direct impact on agriculture and infrastructure development. An evaluation of soil erosion in the Rewa river watershed can be used to plan conservation activities. Modeling provides a quantitative and consistent technique to estimating the quantity of soil loss under various situations. The goal of this research is to estimate average annual soil erosion in the Rewa river watershed in Naitasiri province, Fiji, using a GIS (Geographic Information System) combined with the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. According to the findings, a maximum annual soil loss occurs near to developing regions and river tributaries in areas with a high risk of erosion. To avoid potential concerns in places prone to moderate to high erosion risk, erosion control and watershed protection measures must be implemented immediately. In this context, the RUSLE model can be used to analyse soil erosion in small watersheds in a quick, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive manner, hence assisting in sustainable development and supporting healthy land use practices.
Chambal River Water Quality Assessment at Kota Metropolis Through the Irrigation Water Quality Indices from 2017-2021
Authors: Sharma Aparna , Kuldeep  , Mathur Anil K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Chambal river plays an essential role in satisfying all water demands for the two million population of Kota and nearby districts of Rajasthan (India). This research aims to analyse the Chambal river water quality for irrigation in the upstream and downstream of Kota dam, Rajasthan (India), for five years, from 2017 to 2021. The irrigation water quality of the Chambal river at Kota is estimated with the help of five indices, namely, the permeability index (PI). Kelly ration (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and sodium absorption ratio (SAR). Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate were analysed from 2017 to 2021 to complete irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs) for the Chambal river upstream and downstream of the Kota dam. Akalgarh is situated upstream of the Kota dam, while Rangpur, SRRT, and Keshoraipatan in the downstream. The irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs) are estimated to access river water quality for agricultural use. SAR, SAP, KR, MH, and PI had higher values in downstream sampling points than upstream during the observation period of five years. Hence, upstream river water is more suitable for use in agricultural activities. The evaluated IWQIs are the best rating tool for Chambal river water quality. Different characteristics of Chambal river water may be assessed through these IWQIs. The best management program and pollution control strategies can be determined, which ultimately helps stack holders for decision making.
Investigation into the Compressive Stress on Lumbar Spine among Tractor Drivers during different Ride Conditions
Authors: Prakash Chander , Singh Lakwinder Pal , Gupta Ajay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this investigation is to figure out the stress (compressive) on the lumbar spine of tractor driver posture among different ride conditions i.e., RPM (Revolutions per minute), Postures, and Road Conditions). The spinal stress under various riding conditions was assessed using the daily equivalent static compression dose (Sed). Design Expert, a statistical programme that combines Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array Method, is used to determine the experimental runs with different parameters such as varying the tractor speed in RPM (700, 1000 & 1300), driver posture (Lean forward without backrest-P1, vertical erect without backrest-P2, vertical erect with backrest-P3), selected road conditions (village road, brick road and farm road). Analysis of the overall influence of riding conditions among all the experiments was done by calculating signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. A regression model has been developed to analyze the Sed response and the desirability technique was used to minimize the Sed response. The daily dose of static compression on lumber spine was found between 0.35 and 0.67 MPa, which comes within the category of “moderate adverse health effect” as defined by ISO2631-5: 2004. Statistically, the RPM and Road type conditions were found highly significant with the percentage contribution is 77% and 21% respectively. As comfort is crucial for the tractor driver. The Sed values can be used for tractor seat design for more comfort. The approach is novel as per the Indian context for the tractor driver’s comfort. The methods of work-study and sampling in a larger context are well established.
Design and development of the divergent wind turbine
Authors: Rajput Himanshu , Gupta Anil , Sah Harihar , Gattani Manoj , Satankar Raj kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wind energy is a prime source of renewable energy nowadays. Wind energy is converted to electrical energy with the help of wind turbines. There is various kind of wind turbines depending upon their axis and shape. The wind turbine which we have designed is a vertical axis helical wind turbine that is circular. Going from top to bottom, the diameter of the circular blades increases. The diameter at the top is the lowest and at the bottom it is maximum. Such a design is proposed to utilize the maximum wind pressure created by vehicles on road. Positive results have been received by testing the wind turbines on CFD simulation. Three different kinds of wind turbines have been tested under the same conditions on different parameters. Wind turbines having 4 blades have been compared with curved blade wind turbines with the respective amount of blades, and results are drawn.
Potential of phytomining in Bulgaria
Authors: Miteva Iva , Petrov Petar , Stefanova Veneta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phytomining has been gaining more and more popularity in recent years. Scientific information is being accumulated and technologies are being developed that could make phytomining an applicable technology for the extraction of rare and noble metals.
In Bulgaria, the mining industry is well developed. Copper, lead, zinc, gold and polymetallic ores are mainly mined. The waste generated during the mining process of these ores has a great potential for phytomining. There are many existing, abandoned and closed dumps, tailings ponds and landfills that have the potential to be used for phytomining.
This paper analyzes the possibility of using phytomining technology for the extraction of noble and rare metals in Bulgaria. An overview of the level of development of phytomining technologies and the available resources in Bulgaria for which it is applicable has been made.
Stability of van der Waals FePX3 materials (X: S, Se) for water-splitting applications
Authors: Sharma Sandhya , Zeeshan Hafiz Muhammad , Panahi Mohammad , Jin Yichen , Yan Mouhui , Jin Yukun , Li Kexin , Zeller Patrick , Efimenko Anna , Makarova Anna , Smirnov Dmitry , Paulus Beate , Voloshina Elena , Dedkov Yuriy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The interaction of high-quality transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs) single crystals FePX3 (X: S, Se) with water molecules is studied using near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in a wide range of temperature and partial pressure of H2O. The physisorption nature of interaction between H2O and FePX3 is found at low temperatures and relatively small concentrations of water molecules, that is supported by the DFT results. When temperature of the FePX3 samples and partial pressure of H2O are increased, the interaction at the interface is defined by two competing processes—adsorption of molecules at high partial pressure of H2O and desorption of molecules due to the increased surface mobility and physisorption nature of interaction. Our intensive XPS/NEXAFS experiments accompanied by DFT calculations bring new understanding on the interaction of H2O with surface of a new class of 2D materials, TMTs, pointing to their stability and reactivity, that is important for further applications in different areas, like sensing and catalysis.
Effect of pulse overlap rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welds of thin AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Lu Hailong , Zhang Xiaobin , Zhao Pengfei , Bian Shuwang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the quality of pulsed laser welding on magnesium alloy, the effect of pulse overlap rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds is studied. A Nd:YAG pulsed laser welding machine is used to carry the butt welding experiments on AZ31 magnesium alloy (1 mm), and the pulse overlap rate (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%) is varied by adjusting the welding velocity. The experimental results show that with the increases of pulse overlap rate, the sensitivity of the solidification cracks and pores decreases. The grain size of the columnar grains at the fusion boundary (FB) and the equiaxed grains in the center of the welds increases and then decreases and reach the maximum value of 114.72 ± 3.06 μm and 74.08 ± 5.87 μm, respectively, when the overlap rate is 70%. The percentage of the ductile fracture in the fracture of tensile specimens is proportional to the pulse overlap rate. With the increases of the pulse overlap rate, the tensile strength and maximum force show a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and both reach the maximum value of 94.583 MPa and 1.135 kN when the overlap rate is 90%. Besides, the microhardnesses of the welds decrease first and then increase, and it’s maximum value is 86 HV0.2. In summary, the welds with better surface morphology can be obtained at the pulse overlap rate of 70%, while the mechanical properties of the welds are better when the overlap rate is 90%.
Viruses past and future
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the structure of viruses, which are considered as ancient parasites whose history and evolution is closely entwined with people. Many new viruses jumped from domestic animals to the early farmers, causing severe diseases. It talks about how man has entered another era of emerging infections, mainly viruses arising from wild animals that spread rapidly and cause severe, even fatal, diseases. The chapter explains how the transfer of zoonotic viruses to humans is facilitated by certain behavioural or cultural practices. It explores the particular risk of close interactions with wild animals, many of which carry viruses with the potential to infect and spread among the human population.
The hero
Authors: Leeming David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lord Raglan, Joseph Campbell, and several modern critics have analyzed the “hero with a thousand faces,” especially studying the hero quest with its archetypal phases such as the miraculous conception, the quest itself, the descent to the underworld, and the return (Gilgamesh, Jesus, Quetzalcoatl, Heracles, Cuchulainn, Theseus, Hainuwele, Draupadi, etc.). Typically, the hero is conceived or born in a miraculous manner. Often the hero undergoes some kind of initiation in childhood that is an indication of great deeds to follow. These deed are at once extraordinary labors and a quest for something well beyond what we think of as possibile. This chapter examines the archetypal approach to the hero using examples from several cultures. How is the hero our representative in the world of myth? What is our psychological connection with the mythic hero? How is the hero us?
British Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Barr Charles 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
British Cinema: A Very Short Introduction discusses cinema in Britain, considering its films and film-makers as well as its studios and sponsorships. It does this against the backdrop of changing artistic, socio-political, and industrial climates up to the present day. Cinema is indeed a powerful cultural medium, both reflecting and influencing society. The role of British cinema has been particularly controversial; it is sometimes derided, but also vigorously celebrated, especially for specific films and film-makers. This VSI traces how British cinema has developed its own unique path, and has been admired for its innovative approaches and distinctive artistic language.
A very short history
Authors: Barr Charles 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a brief history of British cinema. Britain had an important role in the development of cinema, but its industry was in a state of crisis by the start of the 1920s. The chapter then details how the second half of the decade became a foundational period for British cinema, highlighting the works of Iris Barry, John Grierson, Michael Balcon, and Alfred Hitchcock. It considers the foundation of the Film Society in 1925; the passing of the Cinematographic Films Act of 1927; and the boost given to documentary films. Finally, the chapter traces the record of Oscar nominations for both Hollywood-made ‘British’ films and for Britain’s own productions.
Potential drug-drug interaction between warfarin and norethindrone in adolescent females: A case series
Authors: Grapsy Jillian , Hoang Anh , Lee Ying , Zia Ayesha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeIn the pediatric population, warfarin remains the recommended oral anticoagulant for valvular heart disease. Warfarin carries a risk of bleeding complications that can manifest as heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in postmenarchal adolescent females. As a result, these patients may be started on hormonal therapies, such as norethindrone, to suppress menstruation.SummaryThis case series describes a potential drug interaction between warfarin and norethindrone in 3 adolescent females with a history of mechanical mitral valve replacement who developed HMB. These patients were on stable warfarin regimens before the initiation of norethindrone and subsequently experienced increases in their international normalized ratio (INR). In response, they required an up to 50% reduction in their weekly warfarin dose over 5 to 12 weeks.ConclusionThese observations suggest that use of norethindrone for the management of HMB may significantly potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Close INR monitoring and aggressive dose adjustments during initiation and discontinuation of norethindrone are recommended in patients on warfarin.
RIbench: A Proposed Benchmark for the Standardized Evaluation of Indirect Methods for Reference Interval Estimation
Authors: Ammer Tatjana , Schützenmeister André , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Zierk Jakob , Rank Christopher M , Rauh Manfred 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndirect methods leverage real-world data for the estimation of reference intervals. These constitute an active field of research, and several methods have been developed recently. So far, no standardized tool for evaluation and comparison of indirect methods exists.MethodsWe provide RIbench, a benchmarking suite for quantitative evaluation of any existing or novel indirect method. The benchmark contains simulated test sets for 10 biomarkers mimicking routine measurements of a mixed distribution of non-pathological (reference) values and pathological values. The non-pathological distributions represent 4 common distribution types: normal, skewed, heavily skewed, and skewed-and-shifted. To identify strengths and weaknesses of indirect methods, test sets have varying sample sizes and pathological distributions differ in location, extent of overlap, and fraction. For performance evaluation, we use an overall benchmark score and sub-scores derived from absolute z-score deviations between estimated and true reference limits. We illustrate the application of RIbench by evaluating and comparing the Hoffmann method and 4 modern indirect methods –TML (Truncated-Maximum-Likelihood), kosmic, TMC (Truncated-Minimum-Chi-Square), and refineR– against one another and against a nonparametric direct method (n = 120).ResultsFor the modern indirect methods, pathological fraction and sample size had a strong influence on the results: With a pathological fraction up to 20% and a minimum sample size of 5000, most methods achieved results comparable or superior to the direct method.ConclusionsWe present RIbench, an open-source R-package, for the systematic evaluation of existing and novel indirect methods. RIbench can serve as a tool for enhancement of indirect methods, improving the estimation of reference intervals.