bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐glucose cotransport‐2 inhibitor induced ketoacidosis following coronary artery bypass surgery: implications for management
Authors: McCann Michael , O'Brien Aoife , Larbalestier Robert , Davis Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an uncommon, but well recognised, life‐threatening complication of SGLT2i. In a retrospective study of patients with T2D undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution, DKA occurred in 15.3% of patients taking SGLT2i at the time of surgery, compared with 0.47% of non‐SGLT2i‐treated patients. Intravenous insulin in the first 24 h after surgery was associated with a significantly lower risk of DKA in SGLT2i patients. Use of an insulin infusion should be considered in these patients, especially in those who are unable to cease their SGLT2i pre‐operatively.
Outcomes in Medicare‐ineligible people living with human immunodeficiency virus in a large healthcare network in Melbourne 2004–2019
Authors: Hammerschlag Yael , Korman Tony M. , Cisera Kathryn , Woolley Ian J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAustralia has approximately 1.6 million Medicare‐ineligible residents, of whom around 450 are living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We examined the outcomes in a cohort of 50 Medicare‐ineligible patients presenting to our hospital network over a 15‐year period: 31 women (62%) and 19 men. Twenty‐four were newly diagnosed. Sixteen of 24 remained in Australia more than 1 year after diagnosis. Although the mean CD4 count at initial contact was 353 cells/mm3 (range 3–2228; standard deviation (SD) = 452.88), 13 people required treatment for opportunistic infections and 21 people required hospital admissions related to HIV, incurring total estimated hospital costs of $886 310. The mean number of contact years spent with the service was 2.2 (range 0–12; SD = 2.6) and 20 people remain under care. Twenty‐seven PLHIV remain in Australia, seven have transferred care within Australia, two people are known to have died and eight are lost to follow up. The median number of admissions was 0 (range 0–4; SD = 1) and median length of admission was 5 days (range 0–73; SD = 19). Many people leave Australia shortly after a diagnosis of HIV, but most Medicare‐ineligible PLHIV remain. Delays in diagnosing HIV and acquiring Medicare status are associated with a significant burden of disease and cost. Keeping people well, on therapy and out of hospital is likely to be cost‐saving in addition to good clinical practice.
Evaluation of fissure sealant retention rates using Isolite in comparison with rubber dam and cotton roll isolation techniques: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mattar Rahif E. , Sulimany Ayman M. , Binsaleh Saad S. , Hamdan Hebah M. , Al‐Majed Ibrahim M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies comparing retention rates of pit and fissure sealants placed under Isolite, rubber dam, and cotton roll combined have not been conducted until now.AimTo evaluate the retention rate of pit and fissure sealants (PFS) placed under three different isolation techniques (Isolite system [IS], rubber dam isolation [RDI], and cotton roll isolation [CRI]).DesignOne hundred and forty‐four teeth from 48 children aged 6–15 years attending paediatric dental clinics at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia were randomized to receive three PFS using three isolation techniques. The children that met the inclusion criteria were randomized by a simple block random allocation method. All PFS were placed by an operator and evaluated by a blinded evaluator. The evaluation scores were recorded at baseline and followed up over a period of 12–22 months.ResultsThe children's mean age was 8.58 ± 1.93 years. Seven patients were lost to follow‐up. A total of 123 teeth were clinically evaluated; of these teeth, 22% had completely retained sealants, whereas approximately 66% had a partial loss of sealants, and approximately 12% had a complete loss of sealants. There were, however, no significant differences between the three isolation techniques on the retention rate of pit and fissure sealant.ConclusionThe types of isolation had no impact on the retention rate of pit and fissure sealant.
Biallelic KITLG variants lead to a distinct spectrum of hypomelanosis and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Vona B. , Schwartzbaum D.A. , Rodriguez A.A. , Lewis S.S. , Toosi M.B. , Radhakrishnan P. , Bozan N. , Akın R. , Doosti M. , Manju R. , Duman D. , Sineni C.J. , Nampoothiri S. , Karimiani E.G. , Houlden H. , Bademci G. , Tekin M. , Girisha K.M. , Maroofian R. , Douzgou S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in KITLG, a crucial protein involved in pigmentation and neural crest cell migration, cause non‐syndromic hearing loss, Waardenburg syndrome type 2, familial progressive hyperpigmentation and familial progressive hyper‐ and hypopigmentation, all of which are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.ObjectivesTo describe the genotypic and clinical spectrum of biallelic KITLG‐variants.MethodsWe used a genotype‐first approach through the GeneMatcher data sharing platform to collect individuals with biallelic KITLG variants and reviewed the literature for overlapping reports.ResultsWe describe the first case series with biallelic KITLG variants; we expand the known hypomelanosis spectrum to include a ‘sock‐and‐glove‐like’, symmetric distribution, progressive repigmentation and generalized hypomelanosis. We speculate that KITLG biallelic loss‐of‐function variants cause generalized hypomelanosis, whilst variants with residual function lead to a variable auditory‐pigmentary disorder mostly reminiscent of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 or piebaldism.ConclusionsWe provide consolidating evidence that biallelic KITLG variants cause a distinct auditory‐pigmentary disorder. We evidence a significant clinical variability, similar to the one previously observed in KIT‐related piebaldism.
Curettage vs. cryosurgery for superficial basal cell carcinoma: a prospective, randomised and controlled trial
Authors: Backman E.J. , Polesie S. , Berglund S. , Gillstedt M. , Sjöholm A. , Modin M. , Paoli J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the world and has a rising incidence. Current guidelines for low‐risk BCC including superficial BCC (sBCC) recommend several treatment options including destructive treatment methods, such as cryosurgery with or without prior curettage or curettage and electrodesiccation. Curettage only (i.e. without subsequent cryosurgery or electrodesiccation) is a simple and quick destructive treatment method used for many benign skin lesions but has not been sufficiently evaluated for the treatment of sBCCs.ObjectivesThe objective was to compare the effectiveness of curettage vs. cryosurgery for sBCCs in terms of overall clinical clearance rates after 1 year as well as wound healing times.MethodsA single‐centre non‐inferiority clinical trial was conducted. Non‐facial sBCCs with a diameter of 5–20 mm were randomised to either cryosurgery using one freeze–thaw cycle or curettage. At follow‐up visits, treatment areas were evaluated regarding the presence of residual tumour after 3–6 months and recurrence after 1 year. Further, wound healing times were assessed.ResultsIn total, 228 sBCCs in 97 patients were included in the analysis. At 3–6 months, no residual tumours were seen in any of the treated areas. After 1 year, the clinical clearance rates for curettage and cryosurgery were 95.7% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.060). However, the non‐inferiority analysis was inconclusive. Wound healing times were shorter for curettage (4 weeks) compared to cryosurgery (5 weeks; P < 0.0001). Overall, patient satisfaction at 1 year was high.ConclusionsBoth treatment methods showed high clinical clearance rates after 1 year, whilst curettage reduced the wound healing time.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Dendroctonus valens and elimination of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogene interference
Authors: Zhang Sainan , Shi Fengming , Xu Yabei , Tao Jing , Zong Shixiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) are short, nonfunctional DNA sequences resulting from mitochondrial gene transfer to the nuclear genome; these sequences seriously affect the accuracy of mitochondrial gene for population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. The nuclear genome of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytidae), a major forest quarantine pest that seriously threatens the ecological security of pine forests, contains a large number of numts, and these interfere with analyses of genetic variation based on the mitochondrial cox1 gene. To eliminate interference by numts, we sequenced, assembled and analysed the complete mitochondrial genome of D. valens. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,547 bp and shows typical gene content and arrangement. We identified its codon preference, tRNA secondary structure and nucleotide evolution rate. Furthermore, we designed primers for long fragment amplification to eliminate numts in the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Finally, amplified products were sequenced with universal primers, and cox1 gene sequences (464 bp) without numts were successfully obtained. The Heilihe Nature Reserve (harbouring Pinus tabulaeformis) in Inner Mongolia, is in the early stage of D. valens northward invasion, with a high population genetic diversity. We hypothesized that the high genetic diversity was related to human activities around the reserve and the reproductive characteristics in the early stage of D. valens invasion. The newly developed method resolves the issue of numt interference and lays a foundation for the analyses of genetic diversity in D. valens populations in the region as well as its invasion routes.
Circulating tumor cells: A step toward precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Teng Pai‐Chi , Agopian Vatche G , Lin Ting‐Yi , You Sungyong , Zhu Yazhen , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Yang Ju Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSerum alpha‐fetoprotein and radiologic imaging are the most commonly used tests for early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the accuracy of these tests is limited, and they may not reflect the underlying biology of the tumor. Thus, developing highly accurate novel HCC biomarkers reflecting tumor biology is a clinically unmet need. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have long been proposed as a noninvasive biomarker in clinical oncology. Most CTC assays utilize immunoaffinity‐based, size‐based, and/or enrichment‐free mechanisms followed by immunocytochemical staining to characterize CTCs. The prognostic value of HCC CTC enumeration has been extensively validated. Subsets of CTCs expressing mesenchymal markers are also reported to have clinical significance. In addition, researchers have been devoting their efforts to molecular characterizations of CTCs (e.g. genetics and transcriptomics) as molecular profiling can offer a more accurate readout and provide biological insights. As new molecular profiling techniques, such as digital polymerase chain reaction, are developed to detect minimal amounts of DNA/RNA, several research groups have established HCC CTC digital scoring systems to quantify clinically relevant gene panels. Given the versatility of CTCs to provide intact molecular and functional data that reflects the underlying tumor, CTCs have great potential as a noninvasive biomarker in HCC. Large‐scale, prospective studies for HCC CTCs with a standardized protocol are necessary for successful clinical translation.
Mobilizing anti‐discrimination law: the litigation strategies of UK and French trade unions compared
Authors: GUILLAUME CéCILE , CHAPPE VINCENT‐ARNAUD 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBased on cross‐national comparative research conducted in France and the United Kingdom, this article explores to what extent and under what conditions trade unions situated in different legal systems have turned to the courts to challenge discrimination at work. It investigates the interplay between a broad range of structural factors that offer specific opportunities, and the way in which trade unionists interpret contexts to promote legal mobilization in addition to or in place of other repertoires of action. In so doing, the article contributes to the understanding of anti‐discrimination law enforcement and the role of micro‐level actors in enabling litigation strategies.
Illuminating antiracist pedagogy in nursing education
Authors: Iheduru‐Anderson Kechi , Waite Roberta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the profession of nursing, whiteness continues to be deeply rooted because of the uncritical recognition of the white racial domination evident within the ranks of nursing leadership. White privilege is exerted in its ascendency and policy‐making within the nursing discipline and in the Eurocentric agenda that commands nursing pedagogy. While attention to antiracism has recently increased, antiracism pedagogy in nursing education is nascent. Pedagogical approaches in the nursing profession are essential. Because it encompasses the strategies used to transmit the science in how nurses practice and teach, which has predominantly been informed using a Eurocentric lens. This paper presents a literature review on antiracist pedagogy in nursing education, discussing how nurse educators can integrate antiracism pedagogy in nursing education, highlighting examples presented by the authors. Key terms related to antiracism are reviewed. The resultant themes from the literature review include resistance to antiracist pedagogy, managing emotional responses, and supporting transformative learning using an antiracist approach. The primary implementation of Eurocentric pedagogical approaches whiteness pervasive in nursing education must be uprooted. Antiracist and other antioppressive learning approaches must be embraced to understand the insidiousness of racial inequities and its power in sustaining structural oppression in nursing academia.
The miR319/TaGAMYB3 module regulates plant architecture and improves grain yield in common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Jian Chao , Hao Pingan , Hao Chenyang , Liu Shujuan , Mao Hude , Song Qilu , Zhou Yongbin , Yin Shuining , Hou Jian , Zhang Weijun , Zhao Huixian , Zhang Xueyong , Li Tian 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Plant architecture is a key determinant of crop productivity and adaptation. The highly conserved microRNA319 (miR319) family functions in various biological processes, but little is known about how miR319 regulates plant architecture in wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Here, we determined that the miR319/TaGAMYB3 module controls plant architecture and grain yield in common wheat. Repressing tae‐miR319 using short tandem target mimics resulted in favorable plant architecture traits, including increased plant height, reduced tiller number, enlarged spikes and flag leaves, and thicker culms, as well as enhanced grain yield in field plot tests. Overexpressing tae‐miR319 had the opposite effects on plant architecture and grain yield.

Although both TaPCF8 and TaGAMYB3 were identified as miR319 target genes, genetic complementation assays demonstrated that only miR319‐resistant TaGAMYB3 (rTaGAMYB3) abolished tae‐miR319‐mediated growth inhibition of flag leaves and spikes. TaGAMYB3 functions as a transcriptional activator of downstream genes, including TaPSKR1, TaXTH23, TaMADS5 and TaMADS51, by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, TaGAMYB3 physically interacts with TaBA1, an important regulator of spike development, to additively activate the transcription of downstream genes such as TaMADS5.

Our findings provide insight into how the miR319/TaGAMYB3 module regulates plant architecture and improves grain yield in common wheat.
An initiative to improve follow‐up of patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sabharwal Sabhyta , Kuo Kristen H. , Roh Shiyoung , Ramsey David J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes the implementation of an electronic medical record (EMR)‐based initiative aimed at identifying and reducing the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) lost to follow‐up (LTF).MethodProviders were enlisted to review the EMRs and re‐engage patients with DR seen 1 year prior and who had not returned for care within the past 6 months. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify demographic, clinical and sociomedical factors associated with being LTF, as well as those predictive of re‐engagement.ResultsOut of 673 patients with DR, 78 (12%) were identified as LTF. Patients LTF were more likely to be younger (p = 0.001) and have poorly controlled haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ≥ 8%, p = 0.04) and cholesterol (LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL, p < 0.001) levels. These patients were also more likely to have completed fewer ophthalmology appointments (p < 0.001), and less likely to have had retinal imaging within the last year (p < 0.001). Charts reviewed 1 month after the EMR‐based initiative revealed that 22 patients (28%) had been successfully re‐engaged by providers, while 56 patients (72%) remained LTF. History of prior treatment for DR was associated with re‐engagement by providers (p = 0.04). One month following the provider‐based intervention, the LTF rate dropped to 8.3%, and by 1 year only 3.6% of the patients remained LTF.ConclusionsElectronic medical record‐based tools can successfully identify DR patients as being LTF, offering an opportunity for providers to re‐engage patients in a timely manner. Future studies are needed to determine the long‐term impact of patient re‐engagement on DR outcomes and efficiency of clinical practice.
Correlation between Patient‐Derived Xenograft Modeling and Prognosis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sun Mengxiong , Wang Zongyi , Sun Wei , Chen Ming , Ma Xiaojun , Shen Jiakang , Fu Zeze , Zuo Dongqing , Wang Gangyang , Wang Hongsheng , Wang Chongren , Yin Fei , Wang Zhuoying , Zhang Chuanying , Hua Yingqi , Cai Zhengdong 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze and compare the relationship between the success rate of patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) modeling of osteosarcoma and prognosis (3‐year overall survival rate and disease‐free survival rate) and incidence of lung metastasis.MethodsThe sample group consisted of 57 osteosarcoma patients with definite pathological diagnoses from Shanghai General Hospital from 2015–2017. PDX models in 57 patients were analyzed by retrospective analyses. Among the patients currently inoculated, 20 were tumorigenic in the PDX model, and 37 were nontumorigenic. According to the tumorigenicity of PDXs, the corresponding osteosarcoma patients were divided into two groups. The effects of clinically related indicators on the model were retrospectively compared. The patients were followed, and the 3‐year survival, 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), and lung metastasis rates were collected. The relationship between the modeling success and patient prognosis was investigated.ResultsIn the chemotherapy‐treated group, the PDX modeling success rate was 17.4%, and in the nonchemotherapy group, the success rate was 47.1%. The success of PDX modeling was related to whether patients received chemotherapy. The success rate of PDX modeling is significantly reduced after receiving chemotherapy. The 3‐year overall survival rate of the PDX‐grafted group was 49.23%, and that of the PDX‐nongrafted group was 65.71%. There was a significant difference between the two groups, showing a strong negative correlation between the 3‐year survival rate and the success rate of the PDX model. The 3‐year disease‐free survival rate of the PDX‐grafted group was 29.54%. The 3‐year DFS of the PDX‐nongrafted group was 50.34%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Lower grafted rates indicate a higher DFS rate. The incidence of lung metastasis in the PDX‐grafted group was 32.4%, and that in the nongrafted group was 13.1%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The successful establishment of the PDX model indicates that patients are more likely to have lung metastases.ConclusionsThe success of PDX modeling often indicates poor prognosis (low 3‐year overall survival rate and disease‐free survival rate) and a greater possibility of lung metastasis. Therefore, PDX modeling in osteosarcoma patients can accurately predict the prognosis of patients and the risk of lung metastasis in advance to help us develop better therapeutic strategies.
Part V of Spinoza's Ethics: Intuitive knowledge, contentment of mind, and intellectual love of God
Authors: Primus Kristin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, I sketch a way of understanding three important doctrines from Spinoza's Ethics: intuitive knowledge (scientia intuitiva), contentment of mind (acquiescentia mentis), and intellectual love of God (amor Dei intellectualis). Along the way, I suggest how these doctrines could build on more familiar doctrines, including monism, necessitarianism, the parallelism of ideas and bodies, and the “ideas of ideas.”
Dual‐Scheimpflug‐Placido‐disc corneal analysis in cats
Authors: de Andrade Ramos Letícia , Seullner Brandão Cláudia Valéria , Guillermo Arce Carlos , Haddad Pinho Renata , Garbelotti Gonçalves Lenise , Padovani Carlos Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the corneal topography and tomography of cats using a dual Scheimpflug and Placido disc device.Animal studiedSixteen mixed‐breed cats (32 eyes).Procedure(s)Cats were sedated using meperidine (4.3 mg/kg/IM) and xylazine (0.5 mg/kg/IM), and evaluated using the software Galilei™. Values assessed included anterior and posterior corneal curvature, total corneal power, and corneal thickness.ResultsTen males and six females aged between 18 and 48 months were evaluated. The simulated keratometry (SimK) was 38.37 ± 0.83D, mean posterior keratometry −4.89 ± 0.34D, and mean total corneal power 38.04 ± 0.94D. The mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 617.34 ± 53.38 μm with a mean thinnest point of 583.74 ± 60.60 μm.ConclusionThe Galilei™ examination was feasible in cats, enabling a detailed study of the cornea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the corneal topography and tomography of cats using a device that integrates data from a dual Scheimpflug and Placido disc system.
Computational Fluid Dynamics of the Right Atrium: A Comparison of Modeling Approaches in a Range of Flow Conditions
Authors: Parker Louis P. , Svensson Marcial Anders , Brismar Torkel B. , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The right atrium (RA) combines flows from the inferior (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC). Here RA mixing is simulated using computational fluid dynamics, comparing four modeling approaches. A patient-averaged model (11 M cells) was created from four volunteers. We compared: (1) unsteady k–ω Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) (2) implicit large eddy simulation with second-order upwind convection scheme (iLES-SOU) (3) iLES with bounded-central difference convection scheme (iLES-BCD) and (4) LES with wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (LES-WALE). A constant inlet flow rate of 6 L/min was applied with both IVC/SVC contributions ranging from 30–70%. A higher density mesh (37 M cells) was also simulated for models 2 and 4 (equal IVC/SVC flow) to assess the accuracy of models 1–4. Results from the 11 M cell LES-WALE model showed good agreement with the 37 M cell meshes. All four 11 M cell models captured the same large-scale flow structures. There were local differences in velocity, time-averaged wall shear stress, and IVC/SVC mixing when compared to LES-WALE, particularly at high SVC flow. Energy spectra and velocity animations from the LES-WALE model suggest the presence of transitional flow. For the general flow structures, all four methods provide similar results, though local quantities can vary greatly. On coarse meshes, the convection scheme and subgrid-scale (SGS) model have a significant impact on results. For RA flows, URANS should be avoided and iLES models are sensitive to convection scheme unless used on a highly resolved grid.