bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of sleep spindles across non-rapid eye movement sleep stages in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kawahara Midori , Kagitani-Shimono Kuriko , Kato-Nishimura Kumi , Ohki Noboru , Tachibana Masaya , Kato Takafumi , Taniike Masako , Mohri Ikuko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep spindles play a crucial role in multiple neuronal network functions. Initiation and termination of spindles are regulated by the thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical network, and the spindle can be an index for brain organization. We conducted a preliminary study of the parameters of sleep spindles, focusing on sleep-stage temporal distribution in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with normal intelligence/developmental quotients.MethodsWe performed overnight polysomnography in 14 children with ASD (4–10 years) with normal full-scale intelligence quotient/developmental quotient (≥75) and 14 community samples (CS) of children. Sleep stages were scored according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria. Spindle parameters were quantified and compared between these groups and the identified subgroups.ResultsSleep parameters did not differ between the ASD and CS groups, except for a higher rate of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration in ASD. Spindle parameters did not significantly differ between the groups, but spindle density was distributed in a broader range in the ASD group. Five children with ASD had a higher spindle density in stage 3 than in stage 2. The ratio of spindle density in stage 3 to that in stage 2 (stage 3/2 ratio) was significantly higher in ASD than in CS cases.ConclusionsThe lower spindle density in stage 2 and relatively higher density in stage 3 in children with ASD may represent an abnormal generation of spindles due to insufficient maturation of the thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical network.
An endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica, enhances drought tolerance of trifoliate orange by modulating the antioxidant defense system and composition of fatty acids
Authors: Cao Jin-Li , He Wan-Xia , Zou Ying-Ning , Wu Qiang-Sheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA cultivable endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, improves growth and enhances stress tolerance of host plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that P. indica enhanced the drought tolerance of the host by regulating the antioxidant defense system and composition of fatty acids. Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were inoculated with P. indica under ample water and drought stress to analyze the change in plant growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant concentrations, fatty acid compositions, and expressions of both antioxidant enzyme genes and fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes. The 9-week soil water deficit significantly increased the colonization of P. indica to roots, and P. indica promoted the increase of shoot biomass under drought. Soil drought triggered an elevation of hydrogen peroxide in roots, while the inoculated plants had lower levels of ROS (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals) and lower degree of membrane lipid peroxidation (based on malondialdehyde levels) under drought. Drought treatment also elevated ascorbic acid and glutathione concentrations, and the elevation was further amplified after P. indica inoculation. Inoculated plants under drought also recorded significantly higher iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), peroxidases, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, accompanied by up-regulation of PtFe-SOD and PtCu/Zn-SOD expressions. Inoculation with P. indica significantly increased total saturated fatty acids (e.g., C6:0, C15:0, C16:0, C23:0 and C24:0) concentration and reduced total unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., C18:1N9C, C18:2N6, C18:3N3, C18:1N12 and C19:1N9T) concentrations, leading to a decrease in the unsaturation index of fatty acids, which may be associated with the up-regulation of PtFAD2 and PtFAD6 and down-regulation of PtΔ9. It was concluded that the colonization of P. indica can activate enzyme and non-enzyme defense systems and regulate the composition of fatty acids under drought, thus alleviating the oxidative damage to the host caused by drought.
False-positive fourth-generation HIV test result in a woman with Plasmodium malariae malaria
Authors: Ainoda Yusuke , Komaki-Yasuda Kanako , Kano Shigeyuki , Hirai Yuji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
False positive results on fourth-generation human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostic tests have previously been reported in infections with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale but not with Plasmodium malariae.

Methods
We report a false positive fourth-generation HIV test result in a patient with P. malariae infection. The patient's symptoms improved rapidly with antimalarial treatment and the confirmatory and repeated HIV tests were eventually negative.

Results
False positive results may add a variety of unnecessary burden.

Conclusions
One must be aware of false positive results even with fourth-generation tests in patients with malaria, including P. malariae malaria.
Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Authors: Pelegrin Jonathan S , Cantalapiedra Juan L , Gamboa Sara , Menéndez Iris , Hernández Fernández Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiomes are climatically and biotically distinctive macroecological units that formed over geological time scales. Their features consolidate them as ‘evolutionary scenarios’, with their own diversification dynamics. Under the concept of phylogenetic niche conservatism, we assessed, for the first time, the evolution of biome occupation in birds. We aimed to analyse patterns of adaptation to different climatic regimes and the determinant factors for colonization of emerging biomes by clades from different ancestral biomes. In this work, we reconstructed the biome occupation history of two clades of birds (Galliformes and Falconiformes) under an integrative perspective through a comprehensive review of ecological, phylogenetic, palaeontological and biogeographical evidence. Our findings for both groups are consistent with a scenario of phylogenetic biome conservatism and highlight the importance of changes in climate during the Miocene in the adaptation and evolution of climatic niches. In particular, our results indicate high biome conservatism associated with biomes situated in some of the extremes of the global climate gradient (evergreen tropical rainforest, steppe and tundra) for both bird taxa. Finally, the historical dynamics of tropical seasonal biomes, such as tropical deciduous woodlands and savannas, appear to have played a preponderant role during the diversification processes of these bird lineages.
Evidence for Vector Transmission of the Blueberry Pathogen Exobasidium maculosum, Cause of Exobasidium Leaf and Fruit Spot
Authors: Newell Annakay D. , Sial Ashfaq A. , Brewer Marin T. 
Published: October 2022

Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot of blueberry, caused by Exobasidium maculosum, results in significant yield losses if not properly managed. To determine if an arthropod is involved in transmission, we conducted arthropod exclusion and trapping studies at two field sites in Georgia from 2018 to 2020. In each field, 10 pairs of potted trap plants were placed under blueberry bushes for 2 weeks during the known infection window in early spring. In each pair, one potted plant was covered with exclusion nets before being taken to the field, and the other was left uncovered. The covered plants developed significantly fewer leaf spots (mean = 2) than the uncovered plants (mean = 128), indicating that an agent necessary for infection was excluded. To identify possible vectors, a variety of traps were used to collect arthropods in both fields during the known infection window. A total of 181 insects were selected from traps, then crushed and plated on potato dextrose agar to assess for growth of E. maculosum. A species-specific PCR assay was developed and conducted to test for E. maculosum. We recovered E. maculosum from one gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and detected it in three additional insects by PCR. One could not be identified, and two were two long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Bioassays with spotted-wing drosophila ( Drosophila suzukii) and brown marmorated stink bugs ( Halyomorpha halys) did not show transmission of the disease. Although we did not conclusively identify specific vectors, we provide evidence of vector involvement in transmission of E. maculosum. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A tissue injury repair pathway distinct but parallel to host pathogen defense
Authors: Liu Siqi , Hur Yun Ha , Cai Xin , Cong Qian , Yang Yihao , Xu Chiwei , Bilate Angelina M. , Uy Gonzales Kevin Andrew , Cowley Christopher J. , Hurwitz Brian , Luo Ji-Dung , Tseng Tiffany , Gur-Cohen Shiri , Sribour Megan , Omelchenko Tatiana , Levorse John , Pasolli Hilda Amalia , Thompson Craig B. , Mucida Daniel , Fuchs Elaine 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTPathogen infection and tissue injury are universal insults that disrupt homeostasis. Innate immunity senses microbial infections and induces interferons (IFNs) to activate resistance mechanisms. Applying unbiased phylogenetic analysis, we show that interleukin-24 (IL24) is among the closest evolutionary homologs to the IFN family and shares a common ancestral origin. However, in contrast to IFNs, IL24 induction occurs specifically in barrier epithelial progenitors after injury and is independent of microbiome or adaptive immunity. Surprisingly,Il24ablation impedes not only epidermal proliferation and re-epithelialization, but also capillary and fibroblast regeneration within the dermal wound bed. Conversely, ectopicIl24 induction in homeostatic epidermis triggers global epithelial-mesenchymal tissue repair responses. Mechanistically, sustainedIl24expression depends upon both IL24 receptor/STAT3 signaling and also hypoxia-stabilized HIF1α, which converge following injury. Thus, parallel to the IFN-mediated innate immune sensing of pathogens to resolve infections, epithelial stem cells sense injury signals to orchestrate IL24-mediated tissue repair.
The humoral and cellular immune response of a third dose adenoviral-based vectored vaccine after a single or 2 shots of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults
Authors: Suparak Supaporn , Bumroongthai Kobkaew , Jantapalaboon Danai , Pairoung Phanapat , Wongkidakarn Sudarat , Yodtub Chonlada , Puangtubtim Wiroj , Pimpapai Warangluk , Soonthorncharttrawat Sakulrat , Dhepaksorn Panadda , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic is a severe infectious respiratory disease which caused massive loss worldwide. Thailand was affected by the wild-type, and the Delta variant started in mid-2021. Due to the shortage of effective vaccines, the ministry of public health of Thailand suggested the heterologous vaccine scheme, which comprises inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) and an adenoviral-based vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1). However, data on the humoral and cellular immune responses of the single or 2 shots of inactivated vaccine followed by the adenoviral-based vaccine are very limited. In this current study, the sera from participants who received either single or 2 shots of CoronaVac followed by the ChAdOx1 vaccine were evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG. The cytokine level was also assessed using Luminex immunoassay. The PBMC were collected to evaluate spike-specific T-cell and B-cell responses. Participants who received 2 shots of CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1 possessed significantly (P<0.0001) higher levels of spike RBD-specific IgG. They also exhibited a higher level of CD4+T-cell and IFN-gamma than those who received only 1 shot of CoronaVac followed by the ChAdOx1 vaccine. The volunteers who received two shots of CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1 had a significantly (p<0.01) higher marginal B-cell response against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 S peptides than those who received only one shot of CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1. Surprisingly, the class switch B-cell response to Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 S peptides of the volunteers who received 1 shot of CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1 was significantly (p<0.01) higher than those who received 2 shots of CoronaVac. However, participants who received only a single shot of inactivated vaccine followed by an adenoviral-based vectored vaccine possessed a higher level of TNF-alpha and IL-6. This study indicated that boosting the ChAdOx1 as a third dose after completing 2 shots of CoronaVac induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses.
NlpE is an OmpA-associated outer membrane sensor of the Cpx envelope stress response
Authors: Cho Timothy H. S. , Wang Junshu , Raivio Tracy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGram-negative bacteria utilize several envelope stress responses (ESRs) to sense and respond to diverse signals within a multi-layered cell envelope. The CpxRA ESR responds to multiple stresses that perturb envelope protein homeostasis. Signaling in the Cpx response is regulated by auxiliary factors such as the outer membrane (OM) lipoprotein NlpE, an activator of the response. NlpE communicates adhesion to surfaces to the Cpx response; however, the mechanism by which NlpE accomplishes this remains unknown. In this study, we report a novel interaction between NlpE and the abundant OM protein OmpA. Both NlpE and OmpA are required to activate the Cpx response in surface-adhered cells. Furthermore, NlpE senses OmpA overexpression and the NlpE C-terminal domain transduces this signal to the Cpx response, revealing a novel signaling function for this domain. Overall, these findings reveal NlpE to be a versatile envelope sensor that takes advantage of its structure, localization, and cooperation with other envelope proteins to initiate adaptation to diverse signals.SignificanceThe envelope is not only a barrier that protects bacteria from the environment but also a crucial site for the transduction of signals critical for colonization and pathogenesis. The discovery of novel complexes between NlpE and OmpA contributes to an emerging understanding of the key contribution of complexes of β-barrel proteins and lipoproteins to envelope stress signaling. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insight into how the Cpx response senses signals relevant to surface adhesion and biofilm growth to facilitate bacterial adaptation.
Did variants in inborn errors of immunity genes contribute to the extinction of Neanderthals?
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Swagemakers Sigrid M.A , Lourens Mirthe S. , Suratannon Narissara , van der Spek Peter J. , Dalm Virgil A.S.H. , Dik Willem A. , IJspeert Hanna , van Hagen P. Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeanderthals were a species of archaic human that became extinct around 40,000 years ago. Modern humans have inherited 1-6% of Neanderthal DNA as a result of interbreeding with the Neanderthals. These inherited Neanderthal genes have paradoxical influences, while some can provide protection to viral infections, some others are associated with autoimmune/auto-inflammatory diseases.We hypothesized that genetic variants with strong detrimental effects on the function of the immune system could potentially contributed to the extinction of the Neanderthal population. In modern humans more than 450 genes are associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We used the publically available genome information from a Neanderthal from the Altai mountains and filtered for potentially damaging variants that were present in genes associated with IEI, and checked whether these variants were present in the genomes of the Denisovan, Vindija and Chagyrskaya Neanderthals.We identified 24 homozygous variants and 15 heterozygous variants in IEI-related genes in the Altai Neanderthal. Interestingly, two homozygous variants in theUNC13Dgene and one variant in theMOGSgene were present in all archaic genomes. Defects in theUNC13Dgene are known to cause a severe and often fatal disease called hemophagocytic lymphohistiocystosis (HLH). One of these variants p.(Asn943Ser) has been reported in patients with HLH. Variants inMOGSare associated with glycosylation defects in the immune system affecting the susceptibility for infections. So, although we do not know exactly the functional impact yet, these three variants could have resulted in an increased susceptibility to severe diseases, and may have contributed to the extinction of Neanderthals after exposure to specific infections.
dnaE2expression promotes genetic diversity and bacterial persistence in mycobacterial biofilms
Authors: Salini S. , Bhat Sinchana. G. , Nijisha M. , Ramachandran Reshma , Nikolas Nikhil , Kurthkoti Krishna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe complex cellular architecture and the microenvironments within the biofilm give rise to a population that is both physiologically and genetically heterogeneous. Transcriptome analysis ofMycobacterium smegmatisin biofilm culture and its transition phase into planktonic growth was performed to identify the genetic basis of heterogeneity in the biofilm. While there was an increase in the expression of mycobacterial mutasome consisting ofdnaE2, imuA, andimuBin the biofilm, the mutation burden was less compared to the planktonic culture. Deletion ofdnaE2causes lower mutation frequency and bacterial fitness in comparison to the parental strain in biofilm culture. The expression ofdnaE2contributes to a slower bacterial growth rate, potentially promoting persister formation. Our study uncovers the multiple benefits ofdnaE2expression in biofilm such as increasing genetic diversity and reducing growth rate; both of which are necessary for mycobacterial survival and adaptation.
Regulation of anterior neurectoderm specification and differentiation by BMP signaling in ascidians
Authors: Roure Agnès , Chowdhury Rafath , Darras Sébastien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThree palps make the most anterior structure of the ascidian larva. These ectodermal derivatives have both a sensory and adhesive functions essential for metamorphosis. They derive from the anterior neural border and their formation is regulated by signaling pathways such as FGF and Wnt. Since they also share gene expression profiles with vertebrate anterior neural tissue and cranial placodes, their study should shed light on the emergence of the unique vertebrate telencephalon. Here, we show that BMP signaling regulates two phases of palps formation inCiona intestinalis. During gastrula stages, the anterior neural border marked byFoxcis specified in a domain of inactive BMP signaling, and activating BMP prevented its formation. Later on, inhibiting BMP led to the formation of a single large palp, most likely of dorsal identity. Our results indicate that BMP signaling regulates papillavsinter-papilla fate decision within the palps forming region. Finally, we showed that modulating BMP signaling led to similar palps phenotypes in another ascidian speciesPhallusia mammillata. This led us to screen transcriptomic data and identify novel palps markers. Collectively, we provide a better molecular description of palps formation in ascidians that will be instrumental for comparative studies within ascidians and between ascidians and other chordates.
High performance genetically-encoded green fluorescent biosensors for intracellular L-lactate
Authors: Le Giang N. T. , Hario Saaya , Takahashi-Yamashiro Kei , Li Selene , Drobizhev Mikhail , Nasu Yusuke , Campbell Robert E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractL-Lactate is a monocarboxylate produced during the process of cellular glycolysis and has long been generally considered a waste product. However, studies in recent decades have provided new perspectives on the physiological roles of L-lactate as a major energy substrate and a signaling molecule. To enable further investigations of the physiological roles of L-lactate, we have developed a series of high-performance (ΔF/F= 15 to 30in vitro), intensiometric, genetically-encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based intracellular L-lactate biosensors with a range of affinities. We evaluated the performance of these biosensors byin vitroand live-cell characterization and demonstrated the utility with imaging applications in several cell lines.
Online education amid COVID-19 pandemic and its opportunities, challenges and psychological impacts among students and teachers: a systematic review
Authors: Aisha Noor , Ratra Amiteshwar 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the complete lockdown of almost every part of the world, including all educational institutions, resulting in the prompt implementation of online education to facilitate the students to carry on their learning. These conditions made the researchers study the experiences of online education among students and teachers. The influences of online teaching-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly offered numerous opportunities besides raising some challenges which impacted the overall psychology of students and teachers. So, this paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the research papers focussing on opportunities, challenges and psychological impacts raised due to the sudden shift to online education among students and teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachTo conduct this systematic review, 19 articles published between July 2020 and May 2021 were considered and reported by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).FindingsIt was found that online education influenced the interests and experiences of the students and teachers and has immensely impacted their overall psychology. So, for the effective implementation of online and blended education, psychological well-being of students and teachers should be taken care of with properly designed instructions, adequate infrastructure or resources and satisfactory technological skills.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present study, the students were not categorised according to their subjects or streams, i.e. science, commerce, humanities, medical, dental, postgraduate or undergraduate. All the students were categorised into two categories only: (1) college students and (2) school students. And also, teachers were not categorised and were presented as a whole, as school, college or university teachers.Practical implicationsThe current research identified the abrupt implementation of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, which raised various challenges and psychological impacts among students and teachers besides offering them many opportunities in times of crisis.Social implicationsStudents and teachers constitute the educational community of society. They should get ample opportunities to develop skills for online education; challenges faced during online education should be identified and tackled, and the issues concerning the psychological well-being during online education for both teachers and students should be addressed to achieve sustained development of online education–blended learning environments.Originality/valueThe paper is the original research work based on the systematic review and concludes with suggestions for the future of online and blended pedagogy while taking care of the psychological needs of students and teachers in online and blended learning environments.