bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Equity and Its Economic Determinants (HEED): protocol for a pan-European microsimulation model for health impacts of income and social security policies
Authors: Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Kopasker Daniel , Pearce Anna , Leyland Alastair H , Rostila Mikael , Richiardi Matteo 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionGovernment policies on taxation and social security are important determinants of population health outcomes and health inequalities. However, there is a shortage of evidence to inform policymakers of the health consequences of such policies. The Health Equity and Its Economic Determinants project aims to assess the potential impacts of different taxation and social security policies across Europe on population health and health inequalities using a computer-based simulation that provides projections over multiple health domains.Methods and analysisIn the first phase, key input parameters for the model will be estimated using estimation techniques that control for the effects of prior exposure on time-varying confounders and mediators (g-methods). The second phase will involve developing and validating the microsimulation model for the UK. Policy proposals, developed with policymakers, will be simulated in the third phase to investigate the impacts of income tax and social security changes on population health and health inequalities. In the final phase, the microsimulation model will be extended across other European countries.Ethics and disseminationThis project will use deidentified secondary data for which ethical approval and consents were received by the original data collectors. No further ethical approval will be required for our main analytical datasets. Dissemination plans include academic publications, conference presentations, accessible policy briefings, mass media engagement and a project website. Both the syntax and the underlying synthetic data for the HEED microsimulation model will be made freely available through GitHub and the project website.
‘Everyone should know what they’re on’: a qualitative study of attitudes towards and use of patient held lists of medicines among patients, carers and healthcare professionals in primary and secondary care settings in Ireland
Authors: O'Donovan Bernadine , Kirke Ciara , Pate Muriel , Mc Hugh Sheena M , Bennett Kathleen E , Cahir Caitriona 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesManaging multiple medicines can be challenging for patients with multimorbidity, who are at high risk of adverse outcomes, for example, hospitalisation. Patient-held medication lists (PHMLs) can contribute to patient safety and potentially reduce medication errors. The aims of this study are to investigate attitudes towards and use of PHMLs among healthcare professionals (HCPs), patients and carers.DesignQualitative study based on 39 semistructured telephone interviews.SettingPrimary and secondary care settings in Ireland.ParticipantsTwenty-one HCPs and 18 people taking medicines and caregivers.MethodsTelephone interviews were conducted with HCPs, people taking multiple medicines (5+ medicines) and carers of people taking medicines who were purposively sampled via social media, patient groups and research collaborators. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed based on the Framework approach, with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Theoretical Domains Framework.ResultsThree core themes emerged: (1) attitudes to PHML, (2) function and preferred features of PHML and (3) barriers and facilitators to future use of PHML. All participating (patients/carers and HCP) groups considered PHML beneficial for patients and HCPs (eg, empowering for patients and improved adherence). While PHML were used in a variety of situations such as emergencies, concerns about their accuracy were shared across all groups. HCPs and patients differed on the level of detail that should be included in PHML. HCPs’ time constraints, patients’ multiple medicines and cognitive impairments were reported barriers. Key facilitators included access to digital/compact lists and promotion of lists by appropriate HCPs.ConclusionsOur findings provide insight into the factors that influence use of PHML. Lists were used in a variety of settings, but there were concerns about their accuracy. A range of list formats and encouragement from key HCPs could increase the use of PHML.
Biomolecular Condensation: A New Phase in Cancer Research
Authors: Chakravarty Anupam K. , McGrail Daniel J. , Lozanoski Thomas M. , Dunn Brandon S. , Shih David J.H. , Cirillo Kara M. , Cetinkaya Sueda H. , Zheng Wenjin Jim , Mills Gordon B. , Yi S. Stephen , Jarosz Daniel F. , Sahni Nidhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Multicellularity was a watershed development in evolution. However, it also meant that individual cells could escape regulatory mechanisms that restrict proliferation at a severe cost to the organism: cancer. From the standpoint of cellular organization, evolutionary complexity scales to organize different molecules within the intracellular milieu. The recent realization that many biomolecules can “phase-separate” into membraneless organelles, reorganizing cellular biochemistry in space and time, has led to an explosion of research activity in this area. In this review, we explore mechanistic connections between phase separation and cancer-associated processes and emerging examples of how these become deranged in malignancy.

Significance:
One of the fundamental functions of phase separation is to rapidly and dynamically respond to environmental perturbations. Importantly, these changes often lead to alterations in cancer-relevant pathways and processes. This review covers recent advances in the field, including emerging principles and mechanisms of phase separation in cancer.
Multimorbidity and Mortality Models to Predict Complications Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Gulati Rajiv , Lewis Bradley R. , Zhou Zhaoliang , Alkhouli Mohamad , Friedman Paul , Bell Malcolm R. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Previous percutaneous coronary intervention risk models were focused on single outcome, such as mortality or bleeding, etc, limiting their applicability. Our objective was to develop contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention risk models that not only determine in-hospital mortality but also predict postprocedure bleeding, acute kidney injury, and stroke from a common set of variables.

Methods:
We built risk models using logistic regression from first percutaneous coronary intervention for any indication per patient (n=19 322, 70.6% with acute coronary syndrome) using the Mayo Clinic registry from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2016. Approval for the current study was obtained from the Mayo Foundation Institutional Review Board. Patients with missing outcomes (n=4183) and those under 18 (n=10) were removed resulting in a sample of 15 129. We built both models that included procedural and angiographic variables (Models A) and precatheterization model (Models B).

Results:
Death, bleeding, acute kidney injury, and stroke occurred in 247 (1.6%), 650 (4.3%), 1184 (7.8%), and 67 (0.4%), respectively. The C statistics from the test dataset for models A were 0.92, 0.70, 0.77, and 0.71 and for models B were 0.90, 0.67, 0.76, and 0.71 for in-hospital death, bleeding, acute kidney injury, and stroke, respectively. Bootstrap analysis indicated that the models were not overfit to the available dataset. The probabilities estimated from the models matched the observed data well, as indicated by the calibration curves. The models were robust across many subgroups, including women, elderly, acute coronary syndrome, cardiogenic shock, and diabetes.

Conclusions:
The new risk scoring models based on precatheterization variables and models including procedural and angiographic variables accurately predict in-hospital mortality, bleeding, acute kidney injury, and stroke. The ease of its application will provide useful prognostic and therapeutic information to both patients and physicians.
Proportionate and Absolute Vascular Disease Mortality by Race and Sex in the United States From 1999 to 2019
Authors: Janus Scott E. , Chami Tarek , Mously Haytham , Hajjari Jamal , Hammad Tarek , Castro‐Dominguez Yulanka , Fakorede Foluso , White Solaru Khendi , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Al‐Kindi Sadeer G. , Li Jun 
Published: July 2022

Background
Despite the known significant morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), contemporary data describing racial demographics in PVD mortality are scarce.

Methods and Results
Using the multiple causes of death file from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research, we analyzed the trends of age‐adjusted mortality (AAMR) for PVD and its subtypes (aortic aneurysm/dissection, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis/disease, pulmonary embolism), by race and sex between 1999 and 2019. Of the 17 826 871 deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease, a total of 888 187 (5.0%) PVD deaths were analyzed during the study period (12.4% Black, 85.6% White). Between 1999 and 2019, AAMR for PVD decreased by 52% (24.8–11.8 per 100 000 people) in the overall population. Despite a decrease in the overall mortality across all race and sex groups, Black men and Black women continued to have higher mortality for PVD (1.5×), aortic dissection (1.8×), arterial thrombosis (1.3×), and venous thrombosis/disease (2.0×) mortality compared with White men and White women in 2019. While there was a 53% decrease in PVD among White individuals (AAMR 24.5–11.5 per 100 000), there was only a 43% decrease (30.0–17.1) in PVD AAMR in Black individuals between 1999 and 2019. The ratio of PVD AAMR increased from 1.2 (1999) to 1.5 (2019) in Black men/White men and from to 1.3 (1999) to 1.5 (2019) in Black women/White women. Similar trends were noted in aortic dissection (Black men/White men, 1.2–1.8; and Black women/White women, 1.5–1.7), arterial thrombosis (Black men/White men, 1.0–1.3; and Black women/White women, 0.9–1.3), and venous thrombosis/disease (Black men/White men, 1.7–1.8; and Black women/White women, 1.7–2.0).

Conclusions
In this retrospective review of death certificate data in the United States, we demonstrate continued significant disparities between Black and White populations in PVD mortality and its subtypes. Future studies should investigate etiologies and social determinants of PVD mortality.
Improving Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates in Cochlear Implant Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Britt Annie F. , Poupore Nicolas S. , Nguyen Shaun A. , White David R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature on pneumococcal vaccination compliance rates among cochlear implant (CI) patients and to examine the utility of intervention programs on increasing vaccination rates.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Studies of pneumococcal vaccination rates at baseline and before and after the implementation of a quality improvement (QI) intervention were included. A total of 641 studies were screened, and 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses of pneumococcal vaccination rates pre‐ and post‐QI intervention in CI patients were performed.ResultsA total of 12,973 children and adults were included. The baseline PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccination rates were 53.45% (95% CI, 37.02%‐69.51%) and 42.53% (95% CI, 31.94%‐53.48%), respectively. Comparing children and adults, PCV13 and PPSV23 baseline vaccination rates were not statistically significant. The PPSV23 vaccine rate after QI initiatives was significantly higher than the baseline rate at 83.52% (95% CI, 57.36%‐98.46%). After these interventions, patients had a 15.71 (95% CI, 4.32‐57.20, P < .001) increased odds of receiving PPSV23 vaccination compared to before QI implementation.ConclusionsThe baseline rates of PCV13 and PPSV23 are highly variable and lower than expected, given current vaccination recommendations for CI patients. QI programs appear successful in increasing compliance rates with the PPSV23 vaccination; however, they are still far from full compliance. Further intervention programs with stricter surveillance, monitoring, and follow‐up systems are needed to achieve improved compliance with the PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccination in CI recipients.
A Model of Economic Growth and Long Cycles
Authors: Nikolaos Chatzarakis , Persefoni Tsaliki , Tsoulfidis Lefteris 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to derive an endogenous growth and cycles model that integrates the general law of capital accumulation, the reserve army of labor, technological change, devaluation of capital, and the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit. The phase space of this model is analyzed by estimating its equilibrium solutions and exploring its economically meaningful stability properties. The so derived endogenous growth-and-cycles model is then simulated with realistic parameter values. The solutions of our model display periodicity, which may be treated as long cycles like attractors conditioned by the long-run movement of profitability. The salient feature of our model is the growth of the rate of surplus value, which becomes the regulating variable of our system for it explains the deviations from equilibrium and at the same time provides a realistic solution to Harrodian instability. JEL Classification: C61, E11, E32, O41
Stroke Patients’ Free-Time Activities and Spatial Preferences During Inpatient Recovery in Rehabilitation Centers
Authors: Kevdzija Maja , Bozovic-Stamenovic Ruzica , Marquardt Gesine 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To investigate which spaces stroke patients visit in their free time while undergoing inpatient recovery in rehabilitation centers, what activities they engage in, and what kind of spaces they want. Background: Research studies consistently show that stroke patients are highly inactive during rehabilitation. Much remains unknown about what patients do in their free time and how the built environment might affect their behavior and activities. Methods: Patients’ free-time activities were recorded via patient shadowing ( n = 70, 840 hr), and their spatial preferences were collected using a survey ( n = 60) in seven rehabilitation centers. Each participant was observed over one typical day (12 consecutive hours). Their activities, durations, and locations were recorded using floor plans and time log sheets. Results: Six main themes emerged from the analysis of shadowing data and patient surveys: (1) spending most free time in their room, (2) corridor as the overlooked activity hub, (3) food and beverage stations as triggers of activity, (4) wanting to socialize, (5) variety of common spaces for different activities is desired, and (6) common room’s atmosphere, comfort, style, and view are important. Even though socializing with other patients was mentioned as a primary reason for visiting common spaces in the survey, patients spent most of their free time alone. Conclusions: Corridor emerged as a space with great potential to motivate and support various activities of patients. Patients’ free-time activities could contribute to their recovery, and the built environment may play a role in facilitating and supporting these activities.
Diffuse subcortical white matter restriction: An uncommon finding on metronidazole toxicity
Authors: Salari Mehri , Etemadifar Masoud , Ashourizadeh Helia 
Published: July 2022

Metronidazole is a common and widely used antibiotic to treat a wide range of infectious diseases and has been associated with serious neurologic disturbances which in some cases were irreversible. We present a metronidazole-induced encephalopathy in a 19-year-old girl after 7 days of metronidazole treatment, with diffusion restricted subcortical white matter lesions along with the corpus callosum involvements. Diverse clinical presentation of a serious neurologic disturbance caused by a common widely used antibiotic should be carefully addressed in the setting of both short- and long-term treatment.
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Rare Case Report of Retroperitoneal Myxoid Soft Tissue Tumour with Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Chaudhary Ritica , Lisa Mona , Kumari Payal , Kumar Aman 
Published: July 2022

Background: The retroperitoneum can host a wide spectrum of soft tissue lesions. These tumours pose a challenge to the pathologist as the morphology is not of much help and immunohistochemistry becomes a necessity. Case report: Sixty years old male presented with 2 months history of abdominal lump, pain and dyspepsia. The MRI revealed a heterogeneous mass in the retroperitoneum involving right para spinal muscle, right iliac fossa and right perinephric region with destruction of right transverse process and erosion of adjacent L3 vertebra. Trucut biopsy of the mass was reported as fibroliposarcoma at an outside lab. Patient underwent a wide local excision. Grossly the tumour gave an impression of a liposarcoma but the microscopy showed areas of spindle cells, epitheloid cells, focal areas of ganglion like cells and large areas of myxoid change. IHC panel of S-100, SMA, caldesmon, myogenin, myoglobin and Alk-1 was negative. MDM2, CDK4 and p16 IHC came positive proving it to be a dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Conclusion: We report a curious case of retroperitoneal soft tissue tumour with complex morphology and IHC features diagnosed as dedifferentiated liposarcoma based on MDM2, CDK and p16 positivity.
Route choice estimation in rail transit systems using smart card data: handling vehicle schedule and walking time uncertainties
Authors: Tiam-Lee Thomas James , Henriques Rui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral cities around the world rely on urban rail transit systems composed of interconnected lines, serving massive numbers of passengers on a daily basis. Accessing the location of passengers is essential to ensure the efficient and safe operation and planning of these systems. However, passenger route choices between origin and destination pairs are variable, depending on the subjective perception of travel and waiting times, required transfers, convenience factors, and on-site vehicle arrivals. This work proposes a robust methodology to estimate passenger route choices based only on automated fare collection data, i.e. without privacy-invasive sensors and monitoring devices. Unlike previous approaches, our method does not require precise train timetable information or prior route choice models, and is robust to unforeseen operational events like malfunctions and delays. Train arrival times are inferred from passenger volume spikes at the exit gates, and the likelihood of eligible routes per passenger estimated based on the alignment between vehicle location and the passenger timings of entrance and exit. Applying this approach to automated fare collection data in Lisbon, we find that while in most cases passengers preferred the route with the least transfers, there were a significant number of cases where the shorter distance was preferred. Our findings are valuable for decision support among rail operators in various aspects such as passenger traffic bottleneck resolution, train allocation and scheduling, and placement of services.
Evaluation of droplet digital PCR rapid detection method and precise diagnosis and treatment for suspected sepsis (PROGRESS): a study protocol for a multi-center pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Yuanhan , Lin Ke , Zhang Haocheng , Yuan Guanmin , Zhang Yanliang , Pan Jingye , Hong Liang , Huang Yan , Ye Ying , Huang Lisu , Chen Xiaohua , Liu Jun , Li Xiang , He Xiaoju , Yue Qiaoyan , Zhang Hong , Zhou Aiming , Zhuang Yangyang , Chen Jie , Wu Caixia , Zhou Wei , Cai Fujing , Zhang Shengguo , Li Liang , Li Shaling , Bian Tingting , Li Jiabin , Yin Jun , Ruan Zhengshang , Xu Shanshan , Zhang Yan , Chen Jie , Zhang Ying , Han Jun , Su Tingting , Tu Fan , Jiang Lijing , Lei Chen , Du Qiu , Ai Jingwen , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is still a major public health concern and a medical emergency due to its high morbidity and mortality. Accurate and timely etiology diagnosis is crucial for sepsis management. As an emerging rapid and sensitive pathogen detection tool, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) has shown promising potential in rapid identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes. However, the diagnostic value and clinical impact of ddPCR tests remains to be studied in patients with suspected sepsis. PROGRESS trial is aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a novel ddPCR assay compared with standard practice.

Methods
PROGRESS is a multicenter, open-label, pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT) set in ten hospitals, including departments of infectious disease and intensive care units. In this study, a total of 2292 patients with suspected sepsis will be randomly assigned to two arms: the ddPCR group and the control group with a ratio of 3:1. The primary outcome is the diagnostic efficacy, that is, the sensitivity and specificity of the ddPCR assay compared with the synchronous blood culture. Secondary outcomes include the mortality rates and the mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at follow-up time points, the length of stay in the hospital, the time to directed antimicrobial therapy, duration of broad-spectrum antibiotic use, and the EQ-5D-5L score on day 90.

Discussion
It is the first multicenter pragmatic RCT to explore the diagnostic efficacy and clinical impact of the ddPCR assay in patients with suspected sepsis, taking advantage of both RCT’s ability to establish causality and the feasibility of pragmatic approaches in real-world studies (RWS). This trial will help us to get a comprehensive view of the assay’s capacity for precise diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. It has the potential to monitor the pathogen load change and to guide the antimicrobial therapy, making a beneficial impact on the prognosis of sepsis patients.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT05190861. Registered January 13, 2022—‘Retrospectively registered’, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05190861.
Fetal congenital heart disease - mode of delivery and obstetrical complications
Authors: Zloto Keren , Hochberg Alyssa , Tenenbaum-Gavish Kinneret , Berezowsky Alexandra , Barbash-Hazan Shiri , Bardin Ron , Hadar Eran , Shmueli Anat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal mode of delivery in cases of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) is not established. The few relevant studies did not address operative vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fetal CHD on mode of delivery during a trial of labor, and to secondarily describe some obstetric complications.

Methods
The database of a tertiary medical center was searched for women who gave birth to a singleton, liveborn neonate in 2015–2018. Mode of delivery was compared between women carrying a fetus with known CHD and women with a healthy fetus matched 1:5 for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational age.

Results
The cohort included 616 women, 105 in the CHD group and 511 in the control group. The rate of operative vaginal delivery was significantly higher in the CHD group (18.09% vs 9.78%, OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.13–3.63, p = 0.01); the difference remained significant after adjustment for nulliparity and gestational age at delivery (aOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.36–4.9, p < 0.01). There was no difference between the CHD and control group in rate of intrapartum cesarean delivery (9.52% vs 10.76%, respectively, OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.47–1.98, p = 0.93). The most common indication for operative vaginal delivery was non-reassuring fetal heart rate (78.94% vs 64%, respectively). Median birth weight percentile was significantly lower in the CHD group (45th vs 53rd percentile, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that operative vaginal delivery, performed mostly because of non-reassuring fetal heart rate, is more common in pregnancies complicated by a prenatal diagnosis of CHD than non-anomalous pregnancies.