bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone based Monitoring of Pediatric Craniofacial Deformities
Authors: Fischer Patrick , Wattendorf Sonja , Hossein Tabatabaei Seyed Amir , Wilbrand Martina , Wilbrand Jan-Falco , Sohrabi Keywan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Craniofacial deformities such as positional skull deformities are widespread in infants. The early detection of these deformities is crucial for the effective treatment and the associated minimization or prevention of visual and pathological abnormalities. This paper presents a solution for the early detection of craniofacial deformities using easy available materials in both the domestic and clinical environments. For this purpose, suitable web technologies as well as webserver systems are used in the context of app and server development. Users can use the app to take a bird's eye view of the child's head and use a 50ct coin as scale to then automatically obtain calculated clinical parameters which they can compare with clinical standard values to rule in or out a skull deformity. The concept represents a way to compensate for the lack of specialists in craniofacial surgery as well as knowledge gaps and to digitize care concepts in the healthcare system.
Consideration of the generated network utilization of the IEEE 11073 SDC standard
Authors: Thürk Gregor , Lott Christian , Neumuth Thomas , Rockstroh Max 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the extent to which the IEEE 11073 SDC standard family loads a communication network. An SDC provider/consumer based on the SDCLib/J from SurgiTAIX AG was implemented as a test environment and several different test scenarios were run in order to gather data sets for different use cases. The analysis of the thus acquired measurements shows a linear, predictable growth in network utilization for almost all combinations of active metrics and value update rates. In the case of very high metric update rates, a stagnation of network utilization can be observed. This behaviour can be explained by the use’s implementation and an unfavourable test setup. Overall, the network load generated by SDC is justifiable.
Modelling of a Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Valve with a Voice-coil Actuator
Authors: Brütt Robin , Männel Georg , Brendle Christian , Rostalski Philipp 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve is important in the regulation of the pressure at the patient airways in devices for mechanical ventilation. The goal of this work is to derive a model that sufficiently captures the dynamics of the PEEP valve to be used for model-based control design. This paper describes the development of a model for common PEEP valve designs, thus allowing an adoption for different devices. A simplified first principle model with one mechanical degree of freedom is derived, under the assumption that the valve’s membrane behaves similar to a massspring- damper system. Following a grey-box model approach, physical parameters were lumped together and experimentally determined or identified from acquired data. Therefore, a valve test bench was developed to record various series of measurements. It was possible to determine a suitable flow factor which describes the correlation between flow, valve opening and upstream pressure. Additionally, a damping coefficient was estimated, with which the model achieves a good fit to the measured data at low dynamics and flows.
Introducing micro physiological systems to evaluate new radiopharmaceuticals: A binding study with radiolabeled cetuximab
Authors: Sihver Wiebke , Nitt-Weber Anne-Kathrin , Behrens Stephan , Ullrich Martin , Pietzsch Hans-Jürgen , Namazian Jam Negin , Schmieder Florian , Sonntag Frank 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals can be used for targetspecific functional diagnostics, such as PET or SPECT imaging, or radionuclide therapy of diseased tissue, depending on the incorporated radionuclide. Following initial in vitro testing, radiopharmaceutical candidates are usually further characterized in small animals. Since reduction, replacement and refinement (3R) of animal testing is a central precept in preclinical research it would be beneficial to replace at least some of these tests by alternative methods. Using micro physiological system technology, various organ-on-chip models can be created with human cell systems/organoids, which are operated in a circulatory system under defined physiological conditions. Here we present first attempts to introduce micro physiological systems for evaluating radiopharmaceuticals using the radiolabeled anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab as reference compound. In a micro physiological system equipped with six 96-well plate-like microwells in a flow chamber, binding of 64Cu and 68Ga-labeled cetuximab to cells and spheroids grown from A431 (EGFR-positive) and MDA-MB435S (EGFR-negative) cells was measured and compared to conventional microplates. Specific saturation binding of radiolabeled cetuximab at increasing concentrations was analyzed using a phosphor imaging system. The affinity of radiolabeled cetuximab towards A431 spheroids measured in the micro physiological system was in the same range as that of the spheroids in conventional microplates. Within the assays in micro physiological systems, the results showed a trend towards increased affinity for A431 monolayers compared to the spheroids. The values of binding capacity for radiolabeled cetuximab on 2D and 3D A431 cell culture models were in the same order of magnitude when measured in micro physiological systems or in microplates. Building on these first promising results, the work will continue on MPS modules containing advanced human spheroid/ organoid models.
Home Monitoring of the Carotid Arteries Using a Mobile Auscultation Device with App
Authors: Müller Inga , Henze Jasmin , Burmann Anja , Salvi Rutuja , Friebe Michael , Baum Rainer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases like atherosclerosis pose a great threat to health and wellbeing of people worldwide. To enable early diagnosis and treatment of a gradually progressing occlusion of the carotid arteries, we propose the BODYTUNE system. Consisting of a custom-built auscultation device and a mobile application, it aims at enabling the monitoring of the blood flow within the carotid arteries on a regular basis at home. In this work, we present the results of a survey with 65 participants from the system target group to investigate aspects like technical affinity and experience with comparable systems. These results provide the basis on how the BODYTUNE system should be designed to be user-centered, concerns.
Surface analysis of different O2-activated polyurethane-co-silicones using XPS
Authors: Lange Helge , Eickner Thomas , Grabow Niels , Wulf Katharina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polycarbonate-urethane-co-silicone (PCU-Sil) are gaining increasing interest in biomedical application, such as drug delivery systems, coatings and combination products, due to their adjustable mechanical properties. They can be easily processed using a wide range of methods. Biocompatibility can be improved by surface modifications, such as coupling drugs, proteins, antibodies or polymer layers, which extends the range of biomedical applications. To generate additional coupling, the first step would be the generation of functional groups on the polymer surface using surface activations, such as plasma activation. In this context, the assignment of the functional groups is important, which can be done by XPS measurements. Within this study the analysis of the generated functional groups after oxygen (O2) plasma activation of two PCU-Sils was performed. In addition, the stability of the generated surface modification was evaluated after 24 hours. It was surprising that the generated groups were differently stable and also different groups were generated or rearranged over time, which would not have been recognizable if only contact angle measurements were used.
Magnetic extraction of calcium oxalate crystals with iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Schwaminger Sebastian P. , Werner Helen , Wengler Michael , Srinivasan Shyam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Residual fragments can remain after kidney stone extraction which may necessitate another intervention. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) can be applied due to their properties of being able to bind to residual fragments and to be extracted by an external magnetic field. Calcium oxalate crystals and magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized, characterized and used for binding and magnetic separation studies. The separation is validated by simulation and experimentally. MNP bind covalently to the fractals and a magnetic extraction of calcium oxalate fractals is possible. The agglomeration of MNP can be induced with the addition of salt which improves the extraction process. This proof-of-concept study is the fundament for a new way of stone extraction and can pave the way for new procedures in urology.
Microscale Sensor Fabrication on Curved Needle Surfaces
Authors: Liu Jan , Bajraktari Flakë , Atmaca Ömer , Ly Toni J. , Pott Peter P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensor-integrated needles with impedance or other electrochemical sensors have gained increased attention in research. Their potential use is widespread and covers applications such as early disease diagnostics or needle guidance for needle-based interventions. However, fabrication and sensor integration are crucial parts of realizing functionalized needles. In this paper, a review of existing research on microscale sensor arrays on curved needle surfaces is presented. It focusses on medical needles excluding needle-type sensors. Especially, means of fabrications including flexible thin-film-based sensors or photolithography are discussed. Although they provide satisfactory results, no manufacturing method is yet ready for bulk production.
Full-field electroretinography examinations of the human eye with the eye diagnostic device PEP-2000 – First results
Authors: Schieding Nikola , Reuter Thomas , Grundmann Andreas , Walther Sebastian , Klee Sascha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Full-field electroretinography (full-field ERG) forms the diagnostic basis for numerous pathologies of the eye. For this reason, fast and accurate diagnostics in the field of ophthalmology are essential. Two examination techniques, full-field ERG and pupillometry were combined in a diagnostic device developed by ICM e.V. to reduce the examination process for both examiners and patients. In this paper, the device is examined for the quality of the full-field ERG measurements. A feasibility study with 12 healthy subjects (3 f, 9 m, 36.33 ± 11.94 years) was conducted to evaluate the device. The results showed that the peak times for both light- and dark-adapted measurements were within the range of the researched literature values. However, the amplitudes were markedly lower in both measurements compared to the averaged literature values (dark-adapted about 8.5-fold and light-adapted about 5.5-fold) and are clearly outside the range of values researched. The main reason for this is the use of cup electrodes, which were placed on the skin of the lower eyelid. Nevertheless, plausible and comparable analysis values could be obtained with the eye diagnostic device PEP-2000. Further studies with wire electrodes will be performed.
Haptically enhanced VR surgical training system
Authors: Preiss Maximilian , Walder Alexander , Kim Yeongmi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a cost-effective VR surgical training system which computes haptic feedback forces when a VR surgical tool interacts with virtual tissues. A 3 degrees of freedom (DoF) reverse linear Delta mechanism is used to render computed force feedback data which are then received by the fingertip of the operator. Additionally, the moving plate allows rendering of surface properties and lateral forces occurring due to a tumor with different stiffness parameters below the skin surface. Controllers are designed and implemented to regulate the haptic feedback device’s end-effector position and applied force. The virtual surgical instruments are controlled by a 7DoF serial link manipulator which captures the operator’s movement by the utilization of various sensors. The controllers to regulate forces as well as the positions are evaluated with the proposed haptic feedback device. The mean RMSE of the force and mean error of the angular displacement are 0.0707 N and 1.95°, respectively. The presented system can provide multisensory feedback including visual, auditory and haptic feedback interactively depending on the operator’s input in the presented VR surgical training system.
Optimal EEG Segmentation for Microsleep Detection Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Pauli Martin Patrick , Pohl Constantin , Golz Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paroxysmal brain state changes, such as microsleep events in drivers, are presumably subcortically induced and accompanied by cortical processes. This raises questions of how stable and persistent are the cortical processes that can be observed with EEG in real time. For this purpose, recordings of four night-driving simulation studies including 79 subjects are used to analyze how large the time window and how the temporal offset of the EEG segment must be to achieve maximum classification rate. From each EEG segment, power spectral densities were estimated using modified periodogram method and averaged in narrow spectral bands. They were then processed using gradient boosting machines in order to map them to one of two brain state types: microsleep or sustained attention. Segment length and offset were found to have moderate and dramatic effects on recognition rate, respectively.
Scaling Methods of the Pelvis without Distortion for the Analysis of Bone Defects
Authors: Micheler Carina M. , Lang Jan J. , Wilhelm Nikolas J. , Lazic Igor , Hinterwimmer Florian , Fritz Christian , Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger von , Zäh Michael F. , Burgkart Rainer H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the development of new types of hip implants for acetabulum revision, it is beneficial to analyse the acetabular defects of the indication group in advance. In order to be able to specially compare the bone defects with each other, a normalisation and accompanying scaling of the pelvis is necessary. Uniform scaling is required so that the bone structures are not distorted. In the following study, three scaling methods based on the minimal bounding box and sphere principle are compared with a method using 14 landmarks on the pelvis.The landmark method is applied to determine the true scaling factor. For the comparison of the different methods, 40 female pelvic models with an acetabular defect are analysed. In the comparison of the scaling methods, the method using minimal bounding spheres shows the least deviation from the landmark method (mean difference 3.30 ± 2.17 %). Due to the fact that no preprocessing (definition of the landmarks) is required and the fast implementation of the algorithm, the minimal bounding sphere is to be preferred to the landmark method for a fast size estimation.
A Dedication to Classics Scholarship
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Tong Xue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Classics scholarship was discontinued during China’s pre-modern era and in the recent century or more its value has yet to be recognized and rehabilitated. The paper examines the issue in four segments, with the expectation to provide a contribution to its revival. (a) A tentative exegesis of classics scholarship. The Chinese word jing (“classics,” “canons,” or “sutra”) refers to the constant Dao (Way); it may also serve as a verb meaning “to regulate” or “to govern.” The same is true with classics scholarship, which denotes the study of Confucian classics. Of the Six Classics, The Book of Songs, The Book of History, and The Book of Rites form the kernel of canonical Confucian texts. (b) The rise and fall of classics scholarship and its historical lessons. In ancient China, classics scholarship underwent six stages of development, before it suffered two fatal blows, respectively during the New Cultural Movement (early 20th century) and during the “Cultural Revolution” (1966–1976). History has taught us that classics scholarship can be used but not overexploited. (c) Rationalism and tradition. Tradition is by no means the enemy of reason. Whereas the Western Enlightenment thinkers pitted tradition against reason, Chinese classics scholarship, exhibits historical reason, which is exemplified by the historical necessity of all of its specific traditions. (d) The significance of contemporary classics scholarship. China’s cultural genes are deeply rooted in classics scholarship. The two major concepts of classics scholarship: Ren and Li complement each other, bringing harmony and unity to Chinese society. Classics scholarship should involve study of ancient texts, phonology, semantics, as well as history, and undertake the mission to resist unilateralism and clash of civilizations.
A Review of Classicism, the Imperial Civil Examination System, and Cultural History: Selected Works of Benjamin A. Elman
Authors: Bei Chengxi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In his personal collection of writings titled Classicism, the Imperial Civil Examination System, and Cultural History: Selected Works of Benjamin A. Elman, Elman reveals the cultural-historical orientation of his research on classicism and imperial examinations. Through his own “contextualization” research, Elman re-examines the changing of the academic paradigmatic shift of Chinese classicism and the shift in the themes and content of the Imperial Civil Examination System. He discovers that the popularity of textology dispelled the ideology shaped by Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, which contributed to the ideological liberation and scientific consciousness of scholars in the Qing Dynasty. The Imperial Civil Examination System, as an institution that shaped the value identity of the cultural elite, also showed the gradual dismantling of the dominant discourse in the Qing Dynasty. The thematic changes also indicated the gradual deconstruction of the dominant discourse of the Qing, and the abolition of the Imperial Civil Examination System signified the collapse of imperial ideology. Ultimately, Elman reflects on the role of Confucianism, concluding that it was involved in the complex transformation of China from ancient times to the present, and that its own vicissitudes played a crucial role in the turn of China’s modernization.
The Confucian Ethics Curriculum in Singapore
Authors: Neo Peng Fu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Singapore, the Confucian Ethics Curriculum was introduced between 1984 and 1992 as an elective subject of the moral education curriculum for secondary three and four students. The Singapore government put the Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore (“the Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore”, hereinafter referred to as “CDIS”) under the Ministry of Education in charge of developing a set of textbooks called Confucian Ethics and training teachers to teach them in schools. The textbooks were used in all secondary schools nationwide to fulfill the objective of teaching Confucianism. The attempt of systematic introduction of Confucianism to students as young as 15 or 16 years old through a formal curriculum in the public education system by the state is probably rare even in current Chinese societies, not to mention that the project was implemented nearly 40 years ago. The introduction of this curriculum in Singapore is of some significance for the preservation and promotion of Confucianism. This paper examines the Chinese textbooks of the curriculum in terms of background, objectives, systems, content, characteristics, and inspiration for future generations.
Sind Wissenschaftstreibende für die Verwertung ihrer Forschungsergebnisse verantwortlich?
Authors: Neumaier Otto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Are Scientists responsible for the usage of the results of their research? Scientists belong to the most favourite group of people who are declared to be responsible for many various things. On the other hand, there is severe disagreement with regard to the question what it is that scientists are responsible for. According to some people, scientific responsibility essentially covers the correct acquisition, processing and publication of information, whereas others make scientists responsible for almost all consequences of their research, even if they cannot influence them. This disagreement is exemplified by the attitudes towards Otto Hahn’s research on nuclear fission which range from blaming him for the development of the nuclear bomb to acquitting him from any responsibility because of the (alleged) lack of knowledge on the possible consequences of his research. In order to (dis-) solve this problem it is necessary to formulate clearly the conditions for ascribing responsibility to someone. By doing so, it is shown in the present paper, (i) that it is indeed possible to ascribe to scientists responsibility for certain consequences of their research (including the usage of its results), and (ii) that, as a matter of fact, it is implausible to make Hahn responsible for the nuclear bomb, but that it isn’t justified either to regard him as a kind of “naive country scientist”, because there is a lot of information he could and should have had as a (responsible) scientist.
“Ontology, Metaphysics, Ethics and Nihilism. Essay on Nietzsche and Heidegger”
Authors: Daigle Christine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When one undertakes research on Nietzsche, a confrontation with Heidegger’s interpretation of his philosophy is almost unavoidable. Widely known, particular and influent, this interpretation is nevertheless problematic and its analysis, particularly of its occurence in Holzwege, leads to a questionning of the generally admitted notions of ontology, metaphysics, ethics, and nihilism. These notions are an integral part of the philosophical vocabulary and never seem to pose a problem. I am claiming here that, although they might seem quite univoqual and clear, these terms do pose a problem, at least when one wants to analyse Heidegger’s interpretation of Nietzsche. I will divide this paper according to the following plan. I will begin by presenting Heidegger’s interpretation of Nietzsche as it appears in Holzwege. This interpretation will lead us to the first question: how to define “ontology”, “metaphysics”, and “ethics” and how to relate them. From this question, and its tentative answer, I will move to the question of Heidegger’s possible nihilism. This discussion will lead us to another question: what is nihilism exactly? With my answer to this question, the circle will be closed and I will determine whether there is nihilism in Nietzsche, as Heidegger claims
From the indirect confirmation of theories to theory unification
Authors: Moretti Luca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Theory unification is a central aim of scientific investigation. In this paper, I lay down the sketch of a Bayesian analysis of the virtue of unification that entails that the unification of a theory has direct implications for the confirmation of the theory’s logical consequences and for its prior probability. This shows that scientists do have epistemic, and not just pragmatic, reasons to prefer unified theories to non-unified ones
Über die Voraussetzungen der Erfahrungserkenntnis aus der Sicht des Operationalismus
Authors: Essler Wilhelm K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is shown that-at least in contemporary physics-the single measuring results are completely irrelevant w.r.t. testing a metric law. As a consequence, laws are neither gained by induction nor rejected by falsification. Even statistical generalizations of measuring values, when-in the sense of some philosophers-falsifying laws are not always regarded as falsifying instances by physicists