bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Case Studies: Methodological Discussion
Authors: do Amaral Marcelo Parreira 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCase Study Research has a long tradition and it has been used in different areas of social sciences to approach research questions that command context sensitiveness and attention to complexity while tapping on multiple sources. Comparative Case Studies have been suggested as providing effective tools to understanding policy and practice along three different axes of social scientific research, namely horizontal (spaces), vertical (scales), and transversal (time). The chapter, first, sketches the methodological basis of case-based research in comparative studies as a point of departure, also highlighting the requirements for comparative research. Second, the chapter focuses on presenting and discussing recent developments in scholarship to provide insights on how comparative researchers, especially those investigating educational policy and practice in the context of globalization and internationalization, have suggested some critical rethinking of case study research to account more effectively for recent conceptual shifts in the social sciences related to culture, context, space and comparison. In a third section, it presents the approach to comparative case studies adopted in the European research project YOUNG_ADULLLT that has set out to research lifelong learning policies in their embeddedness in regional economies, labour markets and individual life projects of young adults. The chapter is rounded out with some summarizing and concluding remarks.
Analysing Subjectification in Lifelong Learning Policymaking: A Comparative Analysis from Portugal, Germany, and Croatia
Authors: Zelinka Jozef , Ribeiro Ana Bela , Pažur Monika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the processes of subjectification in lifelong learning policymaking by providing a comparative analysis of three educational policies located in functional regions of Portugal, Germany, and Croatia. By doing so we seek to unveil how subjectification operates as power technology in lifelong learning policymaking and how it shapes the self-conduct of young adults in their life courses. In our analysis, we devote special attention to the production of vulnerable and dependent subjects. The chapter evolves in five steps. First, we start by introducing the rationale of our analysis debate. In the second step, we present the conceptual and theoretical terms and methods used in our study. Third, we undertake a separate analysis of each country’s case and describe initial patterns of subjectification. Fourth, we juxtapose and compare the cases and outline the most prominent features of subjectification, examining, above all, their common signs and local effects. Fifth, we end up the chapter with a brief discussion of the results and outline the main characteristics of subjectification present in our cases.
Negotiating “employability” in Europe: Insights from Spain, Croatia and Portugal
Authors: Barroso-Hurtado Domingo , Pažur Monika , Ribeiro Ana Bela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to elaborate on how different patterns of governance contribute to the contextualisation of lifelong learning policies in a specific social context. Taking opportunity structures as frames, different specific governance patterns in three different social contexts are analysed and explained. Three case studies of policies implemented in three European functional regions are described: Istria (Croatia), Malaga (Spain) and Vale do Ave (Portugal). Attention is given to lifelong learning policies that are oriented towards raising the levels of employability of young adults. The notion of employability has been put forward at the EU policy level through different strategies (e.g., Education and Training 2010 and 2020 programmes) and it informs the construction of policies on problems and the solutions to be provided. Conceptually, this chapter is based on Bartlett and Vavrus’ (Rethinking case studies research: A comparative approach. Routledge, 2017) proposal to use three axes (transversal, vertical and horizontal) to explore and compare cases. Thus, the authors explore different ways in which the “employability” and other relevant approaches are materialised in and adapted to historically situated contexts (transversal axis), by different actors involved at different levels of local/regional designs and implementation scales (vertical axis) of diverse LLL programmes implemented in three EU regions (horizontal axis).
Governance Patterns and Opportunities for Young Adults in Austria, Spain and Portugal
Authors: Cefalo Ruggero , Rodrigues Mariana , Scandurra Rosario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyse how governance patterns of LLL policies, particularly VET systems, shape youth opportunities in the transition from education to employment in specific regional contexts. In doing so, we resort to institutional analysis, applying a general framework of institutional opportunity structures. We consider specific policies that aim at improving youth qualifications, while interacting with their local context, as case studies for comparison. We compare policies adopted in functional regions from three European countries: Portugal, Spain, and Austria. In Upper Austria, the policy intervention examined aims at recognising and improving qualifications of people who have not completed an apprenticeship. In Catalonia, the Spanish programme mostly targets early school leavers to increase their low level of qualification. In Vale do Ave, located in Northern Portugal, the training courses examined are targeted to underqualified young adults, unemployed or not, offering them compulsory education and professional certification, while giving access to further education or to the labour market. The comparison shows clearly the differential impact of the interaction between governance patterns and specific contexts on youth opportunities in the labour market.
The Socially Responsible Organization: The Critical Cast of Players
Authors: Mitroff Ian I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the contentions of the preceding chapters, it’s time to elucidate as much as one can the nature of the Socially Responsible Organization. Once again, the MBPTI plays a critical role, especially with regard to how to bring it about. In particular, Human-Centered issues are key.Since we live and work in organizations of all kinds, they constantly impact the ways in which we live and govern our lives. Thus, in talking about The Socially Responsible Organization, we are also talking about Social Responsibility as it applies generally. We are thereby elucidating the key elements of The Socially Responsible Society as well. Indeed, as I’ve stressed repeatedly, the two are inseparable.
Dis Versus Mis-Information: Unexpected Insights from Covid19
Authors: Mitroff Ian I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBy means of the argument clusters of Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-99808-0_1 and 10.1007/978-3-030-99808-0_2, and therefore in the broadest terms possible, this chapter examines the general nature of Dis and Misinformation. Whereas Misinformation is supposedly unintentional, Disinformation is deliberately intentional.
Compromise Is Key to Our Learning to Live Together: The Resolution of Key Issues Is Not Possible Without It
Authors: Mitroff Ian I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses the Kilmann-Thomas Conflict Framework to better understand and thereby hopefully resolve the immense conflicts that are at the heart of all of the thorny issues with which we are struggling to deal. The key element is Compromise. While all the parties to a conflict may not get all that they want, Compromise is absolutely essential to preserving whatever group harmony and cohesion is possible. At the very least, it allows all of the parties to get something rather than nothing at all.In sum, when one and only one party wins, no one really does.
Einleitung
Authors: Dreher Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit ist eine wissenschaftstheoretische Analyse der Neuroökonomie. Sie betreibt selbst keine neuroökonomische Forschung, sondern analysiert die Neuroökonomie als Wissenschaft. Ich gehe dabei unter anderem den Fragen nach: Was ist Neuroökonomie? Nach welcher Art Modell suchen die Wissenschaftler und mit welchen Methoden gehen sie dabei vor? Wie funktioniert der Erkenntnisgewinn? Außerdem untersuche ich, welchen Kritiken die Neuroökonomie ausgesetzt ist und wie diese Kritiken zu beurteilen sind. Und nicht zuletzt stellt sich die Frage, welche Entwicklung und Relevanz angesichts steigender Publikationszahlen rund um kognitive Neurowissenschaften in Zukunft von der Neuroökonomie zu erwarten sind.
Verhaltensökonomie
Authors: Dreher Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 2 wurden die Ziele der Neuroökonomie betrachtet, sowie die Erwartungen, die die Neurowissenschaftler und Ökonomen an die Neuroökonomie haben. Nun werfen wir einen Blick auf die Frage nach der Arbeit der Neuroökonomen für die Erreichung dieser Ziele. Wir beginnen in diesem Kapitel mit der Betrachtung der ökonomischen Seite der Neuroökonomie und sehen, wie die konkrete Arbeit der Ökonomen in dieser neuen Wissenschaft aussieht.
Kritiken an der Neuroökonomie
Authors: Dreher Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden wir die Kritiken, die gegen die Neuroökonomie vorgebracht werden, systematisieren und genauer untersuchen. Dazu teile ich die Kritiken in zwei Kategorien: solche Kritiken, die nicht systematische Grundlagenprobleme ansprechen und grundsätzlich lösbar sind, und solche grundlegender Art, die in den Eigenschaften der Mutterwissenschaften begründet sind. Aus diesen werden wissenschaftstheoretische Probleme evident, die wir im dritten Unterkapitel betrachten und die das Verhältnis zwischen Ökonomen und Neurowissenschaftlern in einem neuen Licht erscheinen lassen.
Balance4Better: “We Are HERe” More Than a Gender Campaign
Authors: Ballatore Maria Giulia , De Giorgi Claudia , Montorsi Arianna , Tabacco Anita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAchieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls are part of the ultimate global challenge (Goal 5 of SDGs). The gender balance in STEM education is a challenge that has both horizontal and vertical dimensions. This paper focuses only on the first one. Politecnico di Torino, an Italian technical university with Engineering and Architectural courses, has a long history of attraction campaigns aiming to reduce the gender gap in its engineering enrolment. Despite these efforts, more remains to be done for the student population and high-level academic positions. During the academic year 2018/19, considering the engineering first-year enrolled students (around 4500), 25% were female, and a new innovative project was set, “WeAreHERe”. This campaign aims to introduce a new vision to overcome both recruitment and retention: the female students become the main actors of the project by a guided training that let establish them as fresh role models. The use of social media and new technology support this storytelling and reach a variety of Italian girls. In this paper, the structure of “WeAreHERe” is described with some data analysis of its impact.
Promoting the Participation of Women in STEM: A Methodological View
Authors: García-Ramos Lucy , Peñabaena-Niebles Rita , Camacho Amparo , Calle Maria Gabriela , García-Barreneche Sofia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe low participation of women in engineering fields is a common problem worldwide. As a result, universities are starting to create plans to attract more female students. However, there are no documented methodologies to guide institutions in this process. Hence, this chapter describes a method to attract more women to STEM programs, using one Latin American university as a case study. The procedure starts by establishing a baseline of the student population, using specific metrics to determine possible biases in admissions or graduations. The results show a small number of registered female students; thus, the method suggests different strategies to improve this situation. The next step is proposing activities to empower young girls to study engineering, describing indicators developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the activities. The case study includes participation from elementary, middle, and high school students. Results show that girls and boys participated in the proposed activities, and they maintained or improved their motivation to study a STEM program.
Mentoring Female Students in Engineering as a Way of Caring
Authors: Jiménez Patricia , Pascual Jimena , Mejía Andrés 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we report on a mixed research study about the ways mentors attribute meaning and purpose to the practice of mentorship in a program for first and second-year female students of industrial engineering at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile). A quantitative analysis (principal components) of 28 mentors’ responses to a questionnaire about their motivations to be mentors prompted us to examine more deeply one of the factors found. Motivations constitutive of this factor referred to mentors’ ways of attributing meaning and purpose to their practice, which can be understood in terms of caring. Four focus groups with 13 mentors in total allowed us to advance further into the examination of what the good pursued by this practice of mentorship meant for them. In our analysis, we drew from Tronto’s four phases of care: caring about, caring for, caregiving and care receiving, and their corresponding defining moral elements: respectively, attentiveness, responsibility, competence, and responsiveness.
Scaling and adiabaticity in a rapidly expanding gluon plasma
Authors: Brewer Jasmine , Scheihing-Hitschfeld Bruno , Yin Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we aim to gain qualitative insight on the far-from-equilibrium behavior of the gluon plasma produced in the early stages of a heavy-ion collision. It was recently discovered [1] that the distribution functions of quarks and gluons in QCD effective kinetic theory (EKT) exhibit self-similar “scaling” evolution with time-dependent scaling exponents long before those exponents reach their pre-hydrodynamic fixed-point values. In this work we shed light on the origin of this time-dependent scaling phenomenon in the small-angle approximation to the Boltzmann equation. We first solve the Boltzmann equation numerically and find that time-dependent scaling is a feature of this kinetic theory, and that it captures key qualitative features of the scaling of hard gluons in QCD EKT. We then proceed to study scaling analytically and semi-analytically in this equation. We find that an appropriate momentum rescaling allows the scaling distribution to be identified as the instantaneous ground state of the operator describing the evolution of the distribution function, and the approach to the scaling function is described by the decay of the excited states. That is to say, there is a frame in which the system evolves adiabatically. Furthermore, from the conditions for adiabaticity we can derive evolution equations for the time-dependent scaling exponents. In addition to the known free-streaming and BMSS fixed points, we identify a new “dilute” fixed point when the number density becomes small before hydrodynamization. Corrections to the fixed point exponents in the small-angle approximation agree quantitatively with those found previously in QCD EKT and arise from the evolution of the ratio between hard and soft scales.
New-physics signatures via CP violation in η(′) → π0μ+μ− and η′ → ημ+μ− decays
Authors: Escribano Rafel , Royo Emilio , Sanchez-Puertas Pablo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we investigate the prospect of observing new-physics signatures via CP violation in η(′) → π0μ+μ− and η′ → ημ+μ− decays at the REDTOP experiment. We make use of the SMEFT to parametrise the new-physics CP-violating effects and find that the projected REDTOP statistics are not competitive with respect to nEDM experiments. This reasserts the η → μ+μ− process as the most promising channel to find CP-violation at this experimental facility.
Hamiltonian Truncation with larger dimensions
Authors: Miró Joan Elias , Ingoldby James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hamiltonian Truncation (HT) is a numerical approach for calculating observables in a Quantum Field Theory non-perturbatively. This approach can be applied to theories constructed by deforming a conformal field theory with a relevant operator of scaling dimension ∆. UV divergences arise when ∆ is larger than half of the spacetime dimension d. These divergences can be regulated by HT or by using a more conventional local regulator. In this work we show that extra UV divergences appear when using HT rather than a local regulator for ∆ ≥ d/2 + 1/4, revealing a striking breakdown of locality. Our claim is based on the analysis of conformal perturbation theory up to fourth order. As an example we compute the Casimir energy of d = 2 Minimal Models perturbed by operators whose dimensions take values on either side of the threshold d/2 + 1/4.
The labor market returns to “first-in-family” university graduates
Authors: Adamecz-Völgyi Anna , Henderson Morag , Shure Nikki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We examine how first-in-family (FiF) graduates — those whose parents do not have university degrees — fare in the labor market in England. We find that among women, FiF graduates earn 7.4% less on average than graduates whose parents have a university degree. For men, we do not find a FiF wage penalty. A decomposition of the wage difference between FiF and non-FiF graduates reveals two interesting findings. First, two-thirds of the female FiF penalty is explained by certain characteristics, including having lower educational attainment, not attending an elite university, selecting particular degree courses, working in smaller firms, working in jobs that do not require their degree, and motherhood. Second, FiF graduate men also differ in their endowments from non-FiF graduate men; however, FiF men earn higher returns on their endowments than non-FiF men and thus compensate for their relative social disadvantage, while FiF women do not. We also estimate the returns to graduation for potential FiF and non-FiF young people. We find that the wage returns to graduation are not lower among FiF graduates compared to those who match their parents with a degree.
A structured comparison of decentralized additive manufacturing centers based on quality and sustainability
Authors: Maisano Domenico A. , Verna Elisa , Minetola Paolo , Lunetto Vincenzo , Catalano Angioletta R. , Priarone Paolo C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompanies are increasingly adopting decentralized manufacturing strategies to manage multiple, geographically scattered manufacturing centers that are characterized not only by similar types of equipment, working methods, and productions, but also by variable mixes and volumes. This trend also applies to additive manufacturing, a well-established technology that allows the flexibility and customization of production to be increased, without significantly increasing the per unit cost. Thus, the need arises to monitor the performance of individual centers in a structured way, and to make practical comparisons of such centers. However, achieving this task is not so straightforward, given the inevitable differences in the characteristics of manufacturing centers and their productions. This paper presents a methodology that can be used to analyze and compare the production performance of a plurality of manufacturing centers from two different viewpoints: (i) quality, through a multivariate statistical analysis of product data concerning conformity with geometrical specifications, and (ii) process sustainability, with the aim of achieving a reduction in energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and manufacturing time, through regression models pertaining to the selected metrics. The proposed methodology can be adopted during regular production operations, without requiring any ad hoc experimental tests. The description of the method is supported by an industrial case study.
Comparison of four commercial solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fibres for the headspace characterisation and profiling of gunshot exhausts in spent cartridge casings
Authors: Gallidabino Matteo D. , Bylenga Kelsey , Elliott Stephanie , Irlam Rachel C. , Weyermann Céline 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) is a promising technique for the characterisation and profiling of gunshot exhausts in spent cartridge casings, especially for health and environmental risk assessments, as well as forensic purposes. To date, however, no comprehensive investigation has been carried out to objectively assess the kinds of compound released during a discharge that can be recovered by this approach, the selectivity of the main commercially available fibres, and their relative performances for the analysis of gunshot exhausts and the discrimination of different ammunition types. This study aimed to fill this gap. Gunshot exhausts in spent cartridge casings from four different ammunition types were analysed by GC–MS, after extraction with four different commercial fibres: 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 85 μm polyacrylate (PA), 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (DVB), and 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR). Results showed that, overall, a total of 120 analytes could be observed across the cartridges, but the different tested fibres also displayed distinct performances, which were, to some extent, complementary for the characterisation of gunshot exhausts. DVB, in particular, recovered the most compounds simultaneously. On the other hand, the observed variability between measurements was also high, making it a poor candidate for (semi-)quantitative applications (e.g. estimation of time since discharge and/or source profiling). In this regard, PA demonstrated the highest potential for broad use and implementation in multi-purpose methods.
Biochemical, microbiological, and structural evaluations to early detect age gelation of milk caused by proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: D’Incecco Paolo , Rosi Veronica , Fortina M. Grazia , Sindaco Marta , Ricci Giovanni , Pellegrino Luisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeat–stable peptidase AprX, released by Pseudomonas species in raw milk during cold storage, can cause gelation of UHT milk since it is able to split caseinomacropeptides (CMPtot) from κ-casein, so inducing aggregation of casein micelles. Identifying raw milk susceptibility to gelation would allow UHT milk manufacturers to select appropriate processing conditions or give the milk a different destination. Two approaches, i.e., detection of free CMPtot and evidence of casein aggregates, were evaluated as possible indicators for early detecting milk destabilization. With this aim, microfiltered milk was inoculated with a P. fluorescence strain and incubated at either 4 or 25 °C. The presence of CMPtot was detected using capillary electrophoresis after 96 and 24 h at the two temperatures, respectively, when milk also became heat unstable and small flocks of protein appeared. Confocal laser scanning microscopy evidenced initial aggregates of casein micelles after 48 and 24 h at 4 and 25 °C, respectively. Keeping the milk at 25 °C/24 h could be a useful condition to accelerate milk destabilization. Despite the similar timing of instability detection, presence of CMPtot was the only trait specific for AprX activity.