bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection in aged mice induces long-term neuroinflammation: the role of miR-155
Authors: Cassidy Benjamin R. , Sonntag William E. , Leenen Pieter J. M. , Drevets Douglas A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding mechanisms of pathologic neuroinflammation is essential for improving outcomes after central nervous system infections. Brain tissue-resident memory T cells (bTRM) are recruited during central nervous system infection and promote pathogen control as well as noxious inflammation. Our prior studies in young mice showed optimal recruitment of CD8+ bTRM during neuroinvasive Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection required miR-155, and was significantly inhibited by anti-miR-155 oligonucleotides. Since Lm is an important pathogen in the elderly, we hypothesized anti-miR-155 would also inhibit accumulation of CD8+ bTRM in aged mice infected with Lm.

Methods
Young (2 mo) and aged (> 18 mo) male C57BL/6 mice were infected intra-peritoneally with wild-type Lm, or avirulent Lm mutants lacking the genes required for intracellular motility (ΔactA) or phagosomal escape (Δhly), then were given antibiotics. Brain leukocytes and their intracellular cytokine production were quantified by flow cytometry >28d post-infection (p.i.). The role of miR-155 was tested by injecting mice with anti-miR-155 or control oligonucleotides along with antibiotics.

Results
Aged mice had significantly more homeostatic CD8+ bTRM than did young mice, which did not increase after infection with wild-type Lm despite 50% mortality, whereas young mice suffered no mortality after a larger inoculum. For direct comparison of post-infectious neuroinflammation after the same inoculum, young and aged mice were infected with 107 CFU ΔactA Lm. This mutant caused no mortality and significantly increased CD8+ bTRM 28d p.i. in both groups, whereas bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, increased only in aged mice. Notably, anti-miR-155 reduced accumulation of brain myeloid cells in aged mice after infection, whereas CD8+ bTRM were unaffected.

Conclusions
Systemic infection with Lm ΔactA is a novel model for studying infection-induced brain inflammation in aged mice without excessive mortality. CD8+ bTRM increase in both young and aged mice after infection, whereas only in aged mice bone marrow-derived myeloid cells increase long-term. In aged mice, anti-miR-155 inhibits brain accumulation of myeloid cells, but not CD8+ bTRM. These results suggest young and aged mice differ in manifestations and mechanisms of infection-induced neuroinflammation and give insight for developing therapies to ameliorate brain inflammation following severe infection in the elderly.
Variations in national availability of waivered buprenorphine prescribers by racial and ethnic composition of zip codes
Authors: Hirchak Katherine A. , Amiri Solmaz , Kordas Gordon , Oluwoye Oladunni , Lyons Abram J. , Bajet Kelsey , Hahn Judith A. , McDonell Michael G. , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Venner Kamilla 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Opioid overdose remains a public health crisis in diverse communities. Between 2019 and 2020, there was an almost 40% increase in drug fatalities primarily due to opioid analogues of both stimulants and opioids. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; e.g., buprenorphine) are effective, evidence-based treatments that can be delivered in office-based primary care settings. We investigated disparities in the proportion of national prescribers who have obtained a waiver issued to prescribe MOUD by demographic characteristics.

Methods
Data for the secondary data analyses were obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration that maintains data on waivered MOUD prescribers across the US. Proportion of waivered prescribers were examined by ZIP code, race and ethnicity composition, socioeconomic status, insurance, and urban–rural designation using generalized linear mixed effects models.

Results
Compared with predominantly Non-Hispanic White ZIP codes, other racially and ethnically diverse areas had a higher proportion of waivered buprenorphine prescribers. Differences in prescriber availability between predominant racial group was dependent on rurality based on the interaction found in our fitted model. In metropolitan areas, we found that predominantly Non-Hispanic White ZIP codes had a lower rate of waivered prescribers compared to predominantly Black/African American ZIP codes.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that among AI/AN and Black/African American neighborhoods, availability of waivered prescribers may not be a primary barrier. However, availability of waivered prescribers and prescribing might potentially be an obstacle for Hispanic/Latinx and rural communities. Additional research to determine factors related to improving MOUD availability among diverse communities therefore remains vital to advancing health equity.
Awareness and knowledge of the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act among people at risk of witnessing an overdose in British Columbia, Canada: a multi-methods cross sectional study
Authors: Ackermann Emma , Kievit Bradley , Xavier Jessica , Barbic Skye , Ferguson Max , Greer Alissa , Loyal Jackson , Mamdani Zahra , Palis Heather , Pauly Bernie , Slaunwhite Amanda , Buxton Jane A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionBystanders to drug overdoses often avoid or delay calling 9–1-1 and cite fear of police involvement as a main reason. In 2017, theGood Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (GSDOA)was enacted by the Canadian government to provide people present at an overdose with legal protection from charges for simple drug possession, and conditions stemming from simple possession. Few studies have taken a multi-methods approach to evaluating theGSDOA. We used quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to explore awareness, understanding, and perceptions of theGSDOAin people at risk of witnessing an overdose.MethodsQuantitative cross-sectional surveys and qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with adults and youth at risk of witnessing an overdose across British Columbia. Cross-sectional survey participants were recruited at 19 Take Home Naloxone sites and online through Foundry. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed hierarchically to determine factors associated withGSDOAawareness. Telephone interview participants were recruited by research assistants with lived/living experience of substance use. Deductive and inductive thematic analyses were conducted to identify major themes.ResultsOverall, 52.7% (n = 296) of the quantitative study sample (N = 453) reported being aware of theGSDOA. In multivariable analysis, cellphone possession (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36, 3.54) and having recently witnessed an opioid overdose (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.45, 3.80) were positively associated withGSDOAawareness. Young adults (25 – 34 years) were more likely to be aware of theAct(AOR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.11, 3.98) compared to youth (16–24 years). Qualitative interviews (N = 42) revealed that many overestimated the protections offered by theGSDOA. To increase awareness and knowledge of theActamong youth, participants recommended adding theGSDOAto school curricula and using social media. Word of mouth was suggested to reach adults.ConclusionBoth awareness and knowledge of theGSDOAremain low in BC, with many overestimating the protections theActoffers. Dissemination efforts should be led by people with lived/living experience and should target those with limited awareness and understanding of theActas misunderstandings can erode trust in law enforcement and harm reduction policy.
Efficacy and safety of artesunate for patients with IgA nephropathy: a study protocol for a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Zi , Lv Jicheng , Liu Lijun , Li Hang , Sun Weiwei , Huo Yanhong , Guo Yingbo , Shen Cun , Li Shichao , Chen Zhenjie , Zhou Jingwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerular disease and is a common cause of progression to end-stage renal disease in patients with kidney diseases. Proteinuria levels are critical for the prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy, but many patients are still unable to effectively control their proteinuria levels after receiving RAAS blockers. Antimalarial drugs have shown good efficacy in the treatment of kidney disease in previous studies; however, there have been no strictly designed randomized controlled trials to confirm the clinical efficacy of artesunate for treating IgA nephropathy patients. Therefore, we designed this clinical trial to compare the effect of artesunate versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Methods
This study is a randomized, double-blind, three-group-parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. One hundred and twenty eligible IgA nephropathy patients at risk of progression will be randomly divided into the artesunate 100-mg group, artesunate 50-mg group, and placebo group. Changes in proteinuria and renal function will be measured 6 months after the intervention. The levels of Gd-IgA1 and anti-Gd-IgA1 in the patient’s blood will also be tested to explore the possible immune mechanisms.

Discussion
Clinical evidence supporting artesunate treatment of IgA nephropathy is currently lacking, and we expect that the results of this trial will provide high-quality clinical evidence for artesunate as a treatment option for IgA nephropathy in the future.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000038104. Registered on 10 September 2020
Long-term health outcomes of adolescent character strength interventions: 3- to 4-year outcomes of three randomized controlled trials of the Shamiri program
Authors: Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. , Johnson Natalie E. , Osborn Tom L. , Puffer Eve S. , Rusch Thomas , Ndetei David M. , Wasanga Christine M. , Mutiso Victoria , Musyimi Christine , Weisz John R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries in need of mental health care often do not receive it due to stigma, cost, and lack of mental health professionals. Culturally appropriate, brief, and low-cost interventions delivered by lay-providers can help overcome these barriers and appear effective at reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety until several months post-intervention. However, little is known about whether these interventions may have long-term effects on health, mental health, social, or academic outcomes.

Methods
Three previous randomized controlled trials of the Shamiri intervention, a 4-week, group-delivered, lay-provider-led intervention, have been conducted in Kenyan high schools. Shamiri teaches positively focused intervention elements (i.e., growth mindset and strategies for growth, gratitude, and value affirmation) to target symptoms of depression and anxiety and to improve academic performance and social relationships, by fostering character strengths. In this long-term follow-up study, we will test whether these mental health, academic, social, and character-strength outcomes, along with related health outcomes (e.g., sleep quality, heart-rate variability and activity level measured via wearables, HIV risk behaviors, alcohol and substance use), differ between the intervention and control group at 3–4-year follow-up. For primary analyses (Nanticipated = 432), youths who participated in the three previous trials will be contacted again to assess whether outcomes at 3–4-year-follow-up differ for those in the Shamiri Intervention group compared to those in the study-skills active control group. Multi-level models will be used to model trajectories over time of primary outcomes and secondary outcomes that were collected in previous trials. For outcomes only collected at 3–4-year follow-up, tests of location difference (e.g., t-tests) will be used to assess group differences in metric outcomes and difference tests (e.g., odds ratios) will be used to assess differences in categorical outcomes. Finally, standardized effect sizes will be used to compare groups on all measures.

Discussion
This follow-up study of participants from three randomized controlled trials of the Shamiri intervention will provide evidence bearing on the long-term and health and mental health effects of brief, lay-provider-delivered character strength interventions for youth in low- and middle-income countries.

Trial registration
PACTR Trial ID: PACTR202201600200783. Approved on January 21, 2022.
Clinical covariates that improve surgical risk prediction and guide targeted prehabilitation: an exploratory, retrospective cohort study of major colorectal cancer surgery patients evaluated with preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Bolshinsky Vladimir , Ismail Hilmy , Li Michael , Basto Jarrod , Schier Robert , Hagemeier Anna , Ho Kwok-Ming , Heriot Alexander , Riedel Bernhard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Preoperative risk stratification is used to derive an optimal treatment plan for patients requiring cancer surgery. Patients with reversible risk factors are candidates for prehabilitation programmes. This pilot study explores the impact of preoperative covariates of comorbid disease (Charlson Co-morbidity Index), preoperative serum biomarkers, and traditional cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-derived parameters of functional capacity on postoperative outcomes after major colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent CPET prior to colorectal cancer surgery over a 2-year period were identified and a minimum of 2-year postoperative follow-up was performed. Postoperative assessment included: Clavien-Dindo complication score, Comprehensive Complication Index, Days at Home within 90 days (DAH-90) after surgery, and overall survival.

Results
The Charlson Co-morbidity Index did not discriminate postoperative complications, or overall survival. In contrast, low preoperative haemoglobin, low albumin, or high neutrophil count were associated with postoperative complications and reduced overall survival. CPET-derived parameters predictive of postoperative complications, DAH-90, and reduced overall survival included measures of VCO2 kinetics at anaerobic threshold (AT), peakVO2 (corrected to body surface area), and VO2 kinetics during the post-exercise recovery phase. Inflammatory parameters and CO2 kinetics added significant predictive value to peakVO2 within bi-variable models for postoperative complications and overall survival (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Consideration of modifiable ‘triple low’ preoperative risk (anaemia, malnutrition, deconditioning) factors and inflammation will improve surgical risk prediction and guide prehabilitation. Gas exchange parameters that focus on VCO2 kinetics at AT and correcting peakVO2 to body surface area (rather than absolute weight) may improve CPET-derived preoperative risk assessment.
Change in cephalocaudal tumor cavity diameter after transsphenoidal surgery is a predictor of diabetes insipidus in pituitary adenoma
Authors: Lin Kunzhe , Fan Kaichun , Mu Shuwen , Wang Shousen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the factors influencing the development of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The pituitary gland was assessed using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging, and the predictors of postoperative diabetes insipidus were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
A total of 212 eligible patients with pituitary adenomas were included; 82 (38.7%) cases developed postoperative diabetes insipidus while 130 cases (61.3%) did not. Diabetes insipidus was transient in 80 (37.7%) patients and permanent in 2 (0.9%) patients. The results of logistic regression analyses showed that the change in cephalocaudal tumor cavity diameter after transsphenoidal surgery was associated with the occurrence of postoperative diabetes insipidus.

Conclusions
Change in cephalocaudal tumor cavity diameter after transsphenoidal surgery may play an important role in predicting diabetes insipidus onset in patients with a pituitary adenoma.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services in northern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abubakar Usman , Subramaniam Lienarrubini , Ayinla Abdulkadir , Ambali Mobolaji Nurudeen , Mohamed Noor Dzul Azri , Daud Nur Aizati Athirah , Isah Hauwa Kulu , Al-Shami Hiba A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate knowledge, attitude and perception of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in two cities in Northern Nigeria using a self-administered, validated and pre-tested questionnaire. The data were collected from December 2021 to February 2022 and were analysed using both descriptive and inferential analyses.ResultsA total of 161 completed questionnaires were included in this study (response rate was 61.9%). Most of the respondents were males (59.0%). Only 25.5% had previous pharmacogenomics training but 90.1% indicated an interest in attending pharmacogenomics training in the future. Overall, respondents had moderate knowledge of pharmacogenomics with higher knowledge score found among those who had previous pharmacogenomics training (11.9 ± 1.7 vs 10.5 ± 2.4;p = 0.001), and those with postgraduate qualification (11.7 ± 1.9 vs 10.7 ± 2.3;p = 0.028). The mean attitude score was 6.8 ± 2.0 out of 10.0 indicating a good attitude towards pharmacogenomics services. Those with previous training (8.1 ± 1.7 vs 6.2 ± 1.9;p < 0.001) and those with postgraduate qualification (7.2 ± 2.3 vs 6.6 ± 1.9;p = 0.042) had better attitude towards pharmacogenomics services. The median perception score was 34.0 out of 45.0, indicating a positive perception towards pharmacogenomics. There was a better perception among those with previous pharmacogenomics training (40.0 [21–45] vs 34.0 [0–45];p = 0.002) and those with postgraduate qualifications (39.0 [0–45] vs 34.0 [21–45];p = 0.010). Barriers to the implementation of pharmacogenomics included lack of knowledge (89.4%), lack of guidelines (87.5%) and lack of reimbursement (81.4%).ConclusionCommunity pharmacists have a moderate knowledge, a good attitude and a positive perception towards pharmacogenomics services. Those with previous pharmacogenomics training and those with postgraduate qualifications had better knowledge, attitude and perception towards pharmacogenomics services. Lack of knowledge, lack of guidelines and lack of reimbursement were the major barriers to the implementation of pharmacogenomics services in community pharmacies in Nigeria. Pharmacogenomics should be included in pharmacy training curricula to prepare pharmacists for the provision of pharmacogenomics services. Development of local guidelines and a robust reimbursement plan for pharmacogenomics services is recommended.
Does the crypt: tooth ratio in the developing tooth correlate with chronological age in children?—a novel, radiographic, cross-sectional pilot study using ImageJ tools
Authors: Pillai Jayasankar P. , Babu Rajesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe bony cavity known as the crypt encloses the developing tooth, the size of which is influenced by the tooth movements during various phases of tooth eruption. The radiographic observations have revealed that the size of the crypt decreases as the root formation continues. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between the crypt to tooth ratio (CTR) and the chronological age in children in the age range of 4 to 16 years using their digital panoramic radiographs (OPGs). The ImageJ tools were used to calculate the area of the bony crypt and the area of the developing mandibular second molar from 145 OPGs. The ratio between the area of the crypt and the area of the calcified portion of the tooth was obtained and compared with the calendric age (CA) to develop a regression model for age estimation.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between the chronological age and the CTR values (r= −0.898,p<0.001) in all the age groups. The derived regression formula was age = 17.192–3.855 (CTR) with anr2value of 0.807 and a standard error of estimate (SEE) being 1.385. The derived formula was tested using 52 OPGs from a different set of patients in the same age group. The mean chronological age of the test sample was 9.57 years (± 3.42), their mean estimated age (EA) was 8.50 years (± 3.25), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). A difference of more than 1 year was observed in 69% of boys and 54% of girls.ConclusionsThis method is an attempt to correlate the crypt to tooth ratio of developing the second molar tooth with the chronological age. A large sample study is required to validate this novel technique of age estimation in children.
Bilateral external iliac artery pseudoaneurysms causing urinary obstruction and acute renal failure
Authors: Bigarella Marcelo Puppo , Lopes Roberto Iglesias , Gentile Guilherme , Faustino Carolina Brito , da Cunha Gamba Lais , Lima Guilherme Baumgardt Barbosa , Melo Henry Augusto Hoffman , Mulatti Grace Carvajal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
We report an exceedingly rare case of bilateral external iliac artery pseudoaneurysms causing urinary obstruction and acute renal failure.

Case presentation
A young man presented with acute severe bilateral testicular pain radiating to the back. Clinical and radiological workup showed bilateral external iliac artery pseudoaneurysms, which caused bilateral ureterohydronephrosis due to urinary obstruction with subsequent renal failure. Management included immediate bilateral external iliac artery endovascular repair and bilateral ureterolysis using a retroperitoneal approach, with resolution of the obstruction and successful endovascular treatment of both pseudoaneurysms. The only identifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease was cocaine addiction.

Conclusions
This case highlights an unusual and severe clinical presentation of bilateral EIA pseudoaneurysms causing bilateral ureterohydronephrosis and subsequent renal failure. Awareness of this condition may help avoid misdiagnosis and delayed management, which is of utmost importance for a favorable outcome.
Identification of two cancer stem cell-like populations in triple-negative breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Nakayama Jun , Matsunaga Hiroko , Arikawa Koji , Yoda Takuya , Hosokawa Masahito , Takeyama Haruko , Yamamoto Yusuke , Semba Kentaro 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Gene expression analysis at the single-cell level by next-generation sequencing has revealed the existence of clonal dissemination and microheterogeneity in cancer metastasis. The current spatial analysis technologies can elucidate the heterogeneity of cell–cell interactions in situ. To reveal the regional and expressional heterogeneity in primary tumors and metastases, we performed transcriptomic analysis of microtissues dissected from a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 xenograft model with our automated tissue microdissection punching technology. This multiple-microtissue transcriptome analysis revealed three cancer cell-type clusters in the primary tumor and axillary lymph node metastasis, two of which were cancer stem cell (CSC)-like clusters (CD44/MYC-high, HMGA1-high). Reanalysis of public single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets confirmed that the two CSC-like populations existed in TNBC xenograft models and in TNBC patients. The diversity of these multiple CSC-like populations could cause differential anticancer drug resistance, increasing the difficulty of curing this cancer.