bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilisation of transverse mode purity in a radially polarised Ho:YAG laser using machine learning
Authors: Jefferson-Brain Thomas L. , Barber Matthew J. , Coupe Azaria D. , Clarkson W. Andrew , Shardlow Peter C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRadially polarised solid-state lasers offer attractive improvements in materials processing applications, but selection and stabilisation of the appropriate radially polarised mode is much more challenging than for the fundamental mode. Here, we demonstrate automated stabilisation of a radially polarised Ho:YAG laser by utilising laser mode analysis computed from a convolutional neural network. The neural network predicts the transverse modal content from single plane intensity images with high accuracy on timescales of a few milliseconds, permitting real-time self-adjustment of the laser cavity. Radially polarised emission has been maintained across a 30 W range of pump power, with the stabilisation of other arbitrary laser modes using the same neural network also demonstrated.
The comprehensive complication index as a tool for reporting the burden of complications after mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: is it time to leave the Clavien–Dindo classification behind?
Authors: Boeri Luca , Turetti Matteo , Silvani Carlo , Fulgheri Irene , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Garbagnati Susanna , Malfatto Matteo , Galbiati Gilda , Pozzi Efrem , Zanetti Stefano Paolo , Longo Fabrizio , De Lorenzis Elisa , Albo Giancarlo , Salonia Andrea , Montanari Emanuele 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To validate the comprehensive complication index (CCI) for mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL).

Methods
Data from 287 patients who underwent mPCNL were analyzed. Complications after mPCNL were classified using both the CCI and the Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC). Descriptive statistics and linear/logistic regression analyses detailed the association between clinical predictors and mPCNL outcomes.

Results
After mPCNL, 83 (28.9%) patients had complications, of which 12 (4.2%) patients with multiple complications had a higher CCI score compared to the traditional CDC system accounting only for the highest grade. The CCI enabled a more accurate prediction of length of stay (LOS) than CDC (CCI: r = 0.32; p < 0.01 vs. CDC: r = 0.26; p = 0.01). Patients with multiple complications had higher stone volume (p = 0.02), longer operative time and LOS (all p < 0.01). A higher rate of post-operative hospital readmission (33.3% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.02) and lower rate of stone free (33.3% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.04) were found in patients with multiple complications than in those with single complication. Linear regression analysis revealed that multiple complications were associated with longer LOS (p < 0.001) after accounting for BMI and stone volume. Similarly, having multiple complications was associated with fivefold higher risk of readmission (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
The CCI is a valuable metric for assessing post-operative complications after mPCNL. The cumulative CCI is a better predictor of LOS than the CDC for mPCNL. Minor complications not captured by the highest CDC score are relevant since patients with multiple complications have longer LOS and higher rate of readmission than those with single ones.
Effects of enriched seafood sticks (heat-inactivated B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, inulin, omega-3) on cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiota in abdominally obese subjects: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Companys Judit , Calderón-Pérez Lorena , Pla-Pagà Laura , Llauradó Elisabet , Sandoval-Ramirez Berner Andrée , Gosalbes Maria José , Arregui Ainara , Barandiaran Maddi , Caimari Antoni , del Bas Josep Maria , Arola Lluís , Valls Rosa M. , Solà Rosa , Pedret Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effects of enriched seafood sticks with postbiotic and bioactive compounds on CMD risk factors and the gut microbiota in abdominally obese individuals.

Methods
Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial with abdominally obese individuals. Participants (n = 120) consumed 50 g/day of enriched seafood sticks containing SIAP: (1010 colony forming units (CFUs) of heat-inactivated B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT8145, 370 mg/day omega 3 and 1.7 g/day inulin), or 50 g/day of placebo seafood sticks for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, an acute single-dose study of 4 h was performed.

Results
Sustained SIAP2 consumption significantly decreased the insulin by − 5.25 mg/dL and HOMA-IR (homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) by − 1.33. In women, SIAP2 consumption significantly decreased the pulse pressure (PP) by − 4.69 mmHg. Gut microbiota analysis showed a negative association between glycemic parameter reduction and Alistipes finegoldii and Ruminococcaceae, and between PP reduction and Prevotella 9-ASV0283 and Christensenellaceae. In the acute single dose-study 4-h, SIAP2 consumption produced a lower increase in the postprandial circulating triglyceride levels [23.9 (7.03) mg/dL (mean [standard error])] than the observed with placebo [49.0 (9.52)] mg/dL.

Conclusion
In abdominally obese individuals, enriched seafood sticks induce a potential protection against type 2 diabetes development by the reduction in the insulin and HOMA-IR; and in cardiovascular disease, in women, by the PP reduction. These effects are accompanied by partial changes in the gut microbiota composition. The enriched seafood sticks reduce the atherogenic triglyceride postprandial concentrations. Our results support the use of enriched seafood sticks as a complementary strategy in the management of CMD risk factors.

Registration number of Clinical Trial
(www.ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT03630588 (August 15, 2018).
Positive schizotypy is associated with amplified mnemonic discrimination and attenuated generalization
Authors: Vass Ágota , Becske Melinda , Szőllősi Ágnes , Racsmány Mihály , Polner Bertalan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTendency to experience inaccurate beliefs alongside perceptual anomalies constitutes positive schizotypal traits in the general population and shows continuity with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia, and by extension, the odd beliefs and unusual perceptual experiences in the general population, are associated with specific alterations in memory functions. An imbalance between memory generalization and episodic memory specificity has been proposed on several counts; however, the direction of the imbalance is currently unclear. Here, we evaluated the association between positive schizotypy, and memory alterations related to hippocampal computations in a general population sample enriched for positive schizotypy. We found that memory generalization is attenuated while memory specificity is elevated in participants with more pronounced positive schizotypal traits. Our findings show that people who are prone to irrational beliefs and unusual experiences also show measurable alterations in memory and likely have difficulty grasping the global picture and rather be overpowered by fragments of information.
Towards a national strategy for digital pathology in Switzerland
Authors: Janowczyk Andrew , Baumhoer Daniel , Dirnhofer Stefan , Grobholz Rainer , Kipar Anja , de Leval Laurence , Merkler Doron , Michielin Olivier , Moch Holger , Perren Aurel , Rottenberg Sven , Rubbia-Brandt Laura , Rubin Mark A. , Sempoux Christine , Tolnay Markus , Zlobec Inti , Koelzer Viktor Hendrik ,   the Swiss Digital Pathology Consortium (SDiPath)
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrecision medicine is entering a new era of digital diagnostics; the availability of integrated digital pathology (DP) and structured clinical datasets has the potential to become a key catalyst for biomedical research, education and business development. In Europe, national programs for sharing of this data will be crucial for the development, testing, and validation of machine learning–enabled tools supporting clinical decision-making. Here, the Swiss Digital Pathology Consortium (SDiPath) discusses the creation of a Swiss Digital Pathology Infrastructure (SDPI), which aims to develop a unified national DP network bringing together the Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN) with Swiss university hospitals and subsequent inclusion of cantonal and private institutions. This effort builds on existing developments for the national implementation of structured pathology reporting. Opening this national infrastructure and data to international researchers in a sequential rollout phase can enable the large-scale integration of health data and pooling of resources for research purposes and clinical trials. Therefore, the concept of a SDPI directly synergizes with the priorities of the European Commission communication on the digital transformation of healthcare on an international level, and with the aims of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) for advancing research and innovation in the digitalization domain. SDPI directly addresses the needs of existing national and international research programs in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases by providing unprecedented access to well-curated clinicopathological datasets for the development and implementation of novel integrative methods for analysis of clinical outcomes and treatment response. In conclusion, a SDPI would facilitate and strengthen inter-institutional collaboration in technology, clinical development, business and research at a national and international scale, promoting improved patient care via precision medicine.
Spinal manipulative therapy in older adults with chronic low back pain: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Jenks Alan , de Zoete Annemarie , van Tulder Maurits , Rubinstein Sidney M. ,   International IPD-SMT group, Bronfort G , Cecchi F , Ferreira ML , Gudavalli MR , Hidalgo B , Hondras MA , Hsieh CJ , Petersen T , Rasmussen-Barr E , Skillgate E ,   UK Beam Trial Team
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Many systematic reviews have reported on the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for low back pain (LBP) in adults. Much less is known about the older population regarding the effects of SMT.

Objective
To assess the effects of SMT on pain and function in older adults with chronic LBP in an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Setting
Electronic databases from 2000 until June 2020, and reference lists of eligible trials and related reviews.

Design and subjects
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which examined the effects of SMT in adults with chronic LBP compared to interventions recommended in international LBP guidelines.

Methods
Authors of trials eligible for our IPD meta-analysis were contacted to share data. Two review authors conducted a risk of bias assessment. Primary results were examined in a one-stage mixed model, and a two-stage analysis was conducted in order to confirm findings.

Main outcomes and measures
Pain and functional status examined at 4, 13, 26, and 52 weeks.

Results
10 studies were retrieved, including 786 individuals, of which 261 were between 65 and 91 years of age. There is moderate-quality evidence that SMT results in similar outcomes at 4 weeks (pain: mean difference [MD] − 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 5.78 to 0.66; functional status: standardized mean difference [SMD] − 0.18, 95% CI − 0.41 to 0.05). Second-stage and sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings.

Conclusion
SMT provides similar outcomes to recommended interventions for pain and functional status in the older adult with chronic LBP. SMT should be considered a treatment for this patient population.
A novel gammapolyomavirus in a great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo)
Authors: Fehér Enikő , Kaszab Eszter , Bali Krisztina , Hoitsy Márton , Sós Endre , Bányai Krisztián 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the complete genome of a novel polyomavirus detected in a great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) was characterized. The 5133-bp-long genome of the cormorant polyomavirus has a genomic structure typical of members of the genus Gammapolyomavirus, family Polyomaviridae, containing open reading frames encoding the large and small tumor antigens, viral proteins 1, 2, and 3, and the X protein. The large tumor antigen of the cormorant polyomavirus shares 45.6–50.4% amino acid sequence identity with the homologous sequences of other gammapolyomaviruses. These data, together with results of phylogenetic analysis, suggest that this cormorant polyomavirus should be considered the first member of a new species within the genus Gammapolyomavirus, for which we propose the name “Phalacrocorax carbo polyomavirus 1”.
Cost-effectiveness of the MitraClip device in German heart failure patients with secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Estler Bent , Rudolph Volker , Seleznova Yana , Shukri Arim , Stock Stephanie , Müller Dirk 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the MitraClip device (MitraClip) in addition to optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with heart failure and secondary mitral regurgitation in Germany.

Methods and results
A model-based economic evaluation was performed to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for patients with a moderate-to-severe or severe secondary mitral regurgitation receiving MitraClip plus OMT compared with OMT alone from the statutory health insurance (SHI) perspective. Transition probabilities, data on survival rates, and hospitalization rates were obtained from the COAPT trial, a randomized-controlled multicenter trial. Data on health utility and costs were taken from published evidence. To assess parameter uncertainty, several deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The incremental costs per QALY gained were € 59,728 (costs/incremental life years gained: € 42,360). The results were most sensitive to the transition probabilities and the hospitalization rates. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the MitraClip strategy was cost-effective with a probability of 80% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of € 67,000/QALY.

Conclusions
Depending on the willingness-to-pay threshold, for patients with heart failure and a moderate-to-severe or severe secondary mitral regurgitation the MitraClip can be cost-effective from the perspective of the German SHI.

Graphical abstract
Wildlife trade and the establishment of invasive alien species in Indonesia: management, policy, and regulation of the commercial sale of songbirds
Authors: Nijman Vincent , Ardiansyah Ahmad , Siriwat Penthai , Birot Hélène , Winnasis Swiss , Damianou Evros , Imron Muhammad Ali , Langgeng Abdullah , Lewis Beth , Nekaris K. Anne-Isola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Southeast Asia, mynas (genusAcridotheres) are amongst the most invasive bird species. Information is largely lacking as to where they have established themselves. The spread of invasive, non-native mynas is partially or largely driven by the massive trade in these species as songbirds. While preventing unintentional introductions early is the most effective management option, these species continue to be traded in bird markets throughout the region. We focus on the trade of native and non-native species of mynas, and the establishment of non-native mynas on the Indonesian islands of Java, Bali, and Lombok. Between 2016 and 2019, through field surveys and use of citizen science data (e.g., Burungnesia, iNaturalist, birding reports), we assessed where non-native mynas have been recorded in the wild on these three islands; through bird market surveys we established in which cities these birds are traded. We recorded common myna in Yogyakarta, one of our three survey areas. Combining all records, the areas where alien invasive mynas are established are Greater Jakarta (common and jungle myna), Yogyakarta (common myna), Bali (common and bank myna) and Lombok (common and Javan myna). Two-thirds of the records come from farmlands, home gardens and urbanised areas. In the bird markets, we recorded ~ 23,000 mynas of five species for sale, with Greater Jakarta, Bali and Lombok standing out as areas with high numbers of potentially invasive alien species offered for sale. Restrictions on the sale of wild-caught birds are not adhered to. Well-intended policies concerning the breeding and sale of legally protected species, whereby 10% of the stock is bred to be released in the wild, exacerbate the risk of the establishment of non-native species. We surmise that one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of the accidental or deliberate release of potentially invasive alien mynas (and indeed other birds) into the wild is for governments and conservationists to work more closely with the retailers who hold the key to informing and educating consumers.
A Paradox of Ethics: Why People in Good Organizations do Bad Things
Authors: Kaptein Muel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article takes a novel approach to explaining the causes of unethical behavior in organizations. Instead of explaining the unethical behavior of employees in terms of their bad organization, this article examines how a good organization can lead to employees’ unethical behavior. The main idea is that the more ethical an organization becomes, the higher, in some respects, is the likelihood of unethical behavior. This is due to four threatening forces that become stronger when an organization becomes more ethical. These forces are the upward, downward, backward, and forward forces. Each of these forces is illustrated with two effects and each effect is explained by a specific theory. The effects are the effects of the gold digger, high-jump bar, retreating-cat, forbidden-fruit, cheese slicer, moving-spotlight, repeat-prescription, and keeping-up appearances. This paradox of ethics, when goodness breeds badness, opens new research directions.
The Holocaust and Disciplinary Myopia in Criminology and Sociology: Social injury as a response to the challenges of legal formalism
Authors: Dallier Douglas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCriminological and sociological discourse recognizes the impact of structure on crime, but generally eschews the consideration of structural damage and human suffering emanating from malevolent social movements (e.g., the Holocaust). Legal formalism presents conceptual challenges that has hindered analysis of harmful macroscopic phenomena, as it created jurisprudential impediments to be surmounted by the architects of the Nuremberg Tribunals. In considering these issues, a new ‘dark figure’ is identified that is compatible with phenomena examined from the social harm perspective, and to remediate disciplinary myopia, a specification of Edwin Sutherland’s (1945) concept of social injury is suggested and contrasted with Galtung’s (1969) construct of structural violence. Social injury refers to the recursive damage to social structure and human potential through the functional impairment of social institutions.
University students’ views regarding gender in STEM studies: Design and validation of an instrument
Authors: Verdugo-Castro Sonia , Sánchez-Gómez Mª Cruz , García-Holgado Alicia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferences in the representation of diversity in higher education, emphasising the gender gap in some areas, are issues addressed from different research domains. Socially, gender roles have been constructed and are also related to professions. In this context, the Social Cognitive Career Theory explores the possible causes of segregation. This segregation is evident in Europe and Spain, as indicated by the European Institute for Gender Equality. This paper describes the design and validation process of an instrument to find out what opinions university students have about higher education studies in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), according to gender. After drafting the questionnaire, it was piloted in a non-experimental quantitative design in Spain. Subsequently, a validity and reliability study was applied to validate the items and construct their dimensionality. The process was implemented using Reliability Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Also, the dimensionality consists of five scales: Gender Ideology, Perception and Self-perception, Expectations about Science, Attitudes and Interests. Based on the results, it is concluded that the opinion about STEM studies is conditioned by personal elements, such as motivations, educational background and family and social influences, such as people who judged their decision, were their references or studied STEM programs. Finally, it is essential to pay socio-educational attention to the modulating components of decisions about which higher education studies to pursue. Awareness of the factors involved in the decision helps the educational community to establish mechanisms to prevent horizontal gender segregation. The instrument designed, validated and presented in this study provides a glimpse of possible causes for the gender gap in STEM higher education.
Exploring and mitigating potential bias when genetic instrumental variables are associated with multiple non-exposure traits in Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yang Qian , Sanderson Eleanor , Tilling Kate , Borges Maria Carolina , Lawlor Deborah A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the increasing size and number of genome-wide association studies, individual single nucleotide polymorphisms are increasingly found to associate with multiple traits. Many different mechanisms could result in proposed genetic IVs for an exposure of interest being associated with multiple non-exposure traits, some of which could bias MR results. We describe and illustrate, through causal diagrams, a range of scenarios that could result in proposed IVs being related to non-exposure traits in MR studies. These associations could occur due to five scenarios: (i) confounding, (ii) vertical pleiotropy, (iii) horizontal pleiotropy, (iv) reverse causation and (v) selection bias. For each of these scenarios we outline steps that could be taken to explore the underlying mechanism and mitigate any resulting bias in the MR estimation. We recommend MR studies explore possible IV—non-exposure associations across a wider range of traits than is usually the case. We highlight the pros and cons of relying on sensitivity analyses without considering particular pleiotropic paths versus systematically exploring and controlling for potential pleiotropic or other biasing paths via known traits. We apply our recommendations to an illustrative example of the effect of maternal insomnia on offspring birthweight in UK Biobank.
Influence of asymptotically-limiting micromechanical properties on the effective behaviour of fibre-supported composite materials
Authors: Doman Eleanor A. , Shipley Rebecca J. , Ovenden Nicholas C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe macroscale tensile behaviour of slender fibre-supported composite bodies is examined via an asymptotic homogenisation approach. A series of semi-analytic three-dimensional models for linearly elastic fibre-reinforced materials under extreme, but realistic, limiting microscale mechanical properties are derived, and implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics. The key limits investigated are cases involving incompressibility of one component material, and those where dramatic differences in the shear moduli of the component materials exist within the composite body. Discrepancies are observed between the effective macroscale properties obtained from a standard model, based on the published literature, and those obtained from the models of micromechanical limiting behaviours derived here. Such discrepancies have significant implications when using such models to optimise the material properties of composite materials.