bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of glucose-lowering drugs with incident stroke and transient ischaemic attacks in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: disease analyzer database
Authors: Rathmann Wolfgang , Kostev Karel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
Previous observational studies on glucose-lowering drugs and risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes yielded conflicting results. The aim was to examine the association of glucose-lowering drugs with incident stroke and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of the disease analyzer, which comprises a representative panel of 1248 general and internal medicine practices throughout Germany (01/2000–12/2019: 9.8 million patients). Incident non-fatal stroke/TIA was defined based on ICD-10 codes (I63, I64; G45) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Cox regression models were fitted to obtain hazard ratios (HR; 95%CI) for stroke/TIA adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, health insurance, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, polyneuropathy, blood pressure, eGFR) and anthropometric and metabolic intermediators (BMI, HbA1c, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid-lowering drugs).

Result
312,368 persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes without previous stroke/TIA (mean age: 64 years; 52% males) were included. There were 16,701 events of non-fatal stroke/TIA corresponding to an incidence rate of 9.3 (95%CI 9.1–9.4) per 1000 person-years. Using Cox regression, adjusted HR for stroke/TIA (per 1 year of treatment) of 0.59 (0.54–0.64) for SGLT2 inhibitors and of 0.79 (0.74–0.85) for GLP-1 receptor agonists were estimated. DPP-4 inhibitors (0.84; 0.82–0.86), metformin (0.90; 0.89–0.91), insulin (0.92; 0.91–0.93) and sulfonylureas (0.98; 0.96–0.99) also showed moderately reduced HR for stroke/TIA. Sex-specific regression analyses yielded similar results (HR).

Conclusions
Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists might reduce non-fatal stroke/TIA in persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Investigating and predicting spatiotemporal variations in vegetation cover in transitional climate zone: a case study of Gansu (China)
Authors: He Qing , Chun Kwok Pan , Dieppois Bastien , Chen Liang , Fan Ping Yu , Toker Emir , Yetemen Omer , Pan Xicai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVegetation ecosystems are sensitive to large-scale climate variability in climate transition zones. As a representative transitional climate zone in Northwest China, Gansu is characterized by a sharp climate and vegetation gradient. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation over Gansu are characterized using the satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) observations during 2000–2020. Results demonstrate that a significant greening trend in vegetation over Gansu is positively linked with large-scale climate factors through modulating the water and energy dynamics. As a climate transition zone, the northern water-limited and southern energy-limited regions of Gansu are affected by water and energy dynamics, differently. In the water-limited region, a weakening Asian monsoon along with colder Central Pacific (CP) and warmer North Pacific (NP) Oceans enhances prevailing westerlies which bring more atmospheric moisture. The enhanced atmospheric moisture and rising temperature promote the local vegetation growth. In contrast, large-scale climate variations suppress the southwest monsoon moisture fluxes and reduce precipitation in southern energy-limited regions. In these energy-limited regions, temperature has more effects on vegetation growth than precipitation. Therefore, the greenness of vegetation is because of more available energy from higher temperatures despite overall drying conditions in the region. Based on the above mechanism, future scenarios for climate impacts on vegetation cover over Gansu region are developed based on the two latest generation from coupled climate models (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6; CMIP5 and CMIP6). In the near-term future (2021–2039), the vegetation is likely to increase due to rising temperature. However, the vegetation is expected to decrease in a long-term future (2080–2099) when the energy-limited regions become water-limited due to increasing regional temperatures and lowering atmospheric moisture flux. This study reveals an increasing desertification risk over Gansu. Similar investigations will be valuable in climate transition regions worldwide to explore how large-scale climate variability affects local ecological services under different future climate scenarios.
Use phase and end-of-life modeling of biobased biodegradable plastics in life cycle assessment: a review
Authors: Molina-Besch Katrin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the negative environmental impacts along the life cycle of fossil-based plastics, there is an increased interest in the development of biobased and biodegradable plastics. Especially, biodegradable bioplastics possess different material characteristics than fossil-based plastics and can therefore be expected to perform differently during the product use and in end-of-life (EOL) phases. Thus, it is important to consider the material performance and behavior of biobased plastics in life cycle assessment studies. In practice, this is often a difficult task due to lack of data. The purpose of this review study is to analyze how contemporary LCA method models the use and EOL phases of biobased biodegradable plastics, with a specific focus on how the properties of these chemical novel materials are considered in LCA modeling. The first part of the review summarizes recommendations for the use phase and EOL modeling of biobased plastics. The second part analyzes 42 bioplastic LCAs in relation to these recommendations. The results of the review reveal that the use phase is commonly neglected in LCAs of bioplastics. Moreover, it is shown that EOL modeling in LCAs of biobased biodegradable plastics is often based on data that is non-specific for the analyzed material(s). The results of the review call for more research on the specific material properties of newly developed biobased biodegradable plastics, as these data are needed to decrease uncertainties in bioplastic LCAs.
Graphical abstract
Gross Fixed Capital Formation in the Euro Area During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Licchetta Mirko , Meyermans Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gross fixed capital formation across the euro area. The empirical analysis suggests that the intensity of the lockdown measures to contain the spread of the virus and the country-specific structure of the economy along with other traditional drivers, in particular falling output, can explain a large part of the contraction. The bold policy response at the national and EU level mitigated the impact of COVID-19 and supported the recovery. The faster-than-expected rebound in economic activity suggests that the negative economic impact of the pandemic will be more contained than initially feared. However, uncertainty over future health developments remains high, especially given the risks of new more transmissible variants.
Sustainable Carbon Cycles: A Framework for the Ramp-up of Carbon Capture?
Authors: Wolf André 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith its communication “Sustainable Carbon Cycles”, the European Commission has opened a new chapter in European climate policy. For the first time, natural and artificial CO2 capture and storage technologies are to be covered jointly in an overarching regulatory approach. This article reviews the techno-economic potentials of the application fields envisaged by the Commission’s strategy, and defines central requirements for a future funding framework. The establishment of markets for carbon credits is identified as a basis for commercialising storage solutions. However, a prerequisite for efficient trading is to create transparency about the climate impact of the technology alternatives. Efforts to improve existing measurement concepts and test procedures as well as the development of certified standards are decisive steps on this path. The time horizon of carbon sequestration should be a crucial aspect in certification and monitoring. Double funding and unnecessary subsidisation of activities that are already profitable today need to be avoided.
Methanol fuel production, utilization, and techno-economy: a review
Authors: Deka Tanmay J. , Osman Ahmed I. , Baruah Debendra C. , Rooney David W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate change and the unsustainability of fossil fuels are calling for cleaner energies such as methanol as a fuel. Methanol is one of the simplest molecules for energy storage and is utilized to generate a wide range of products. Since methanol can be produced from biomass, numerous countries could produce and utilize biomethanol. Here, we review methanol production processes, techno-economy, and environmental viability. Lignocellulosic biomass with a high cellulose and hemicellulose content is highly suitable for gasification-based biomethanol production. Compared to fossil fuels, the combustion of biomethanol reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 80%, carbon dioxide emissions by up to 95%, and eliminates sulphur oxide emission. The cost and yield of biomethanol largely depend on feedstock characteristics, initial investment, and plant location. The use of biomethanol as complementary fuel with diesel, natural gas, and dimethyl ether is beneficial in terms of fuel economy, thermal efficiency, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
First insights into migration routes and nonbreeding sites used by Red-rumped Swallows (Cecropis daurica rufula) breeding in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Wong Joanna B. , Turon Francina , Fernández-Tizón Mario , Hahn Steffen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing EURING data and geolocation, we describe migration routes and the nonbreeding range of Red-rumped Swallows breeding in the Western Palearctic. One bird ringed in southern Spain and recovered in southern Morocco indicates southwestern migration; geolocator data from five birds from central and eastern Iberian Peninsula confirm migration to various nonbreeding sites in sub-Saharan west Africa between Senegal/Mauritania and Ghana. Two swallows showed non-breeding site itinerancy by using more than one nonbreeding site per season. Despite wide ranges in departure for autumn (August–October) and spring migration (February–March), all birds arrived at nonbreeding and breeding sites within ± 1-week from each other.
Genetic traces of dispersal and admixture in red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations from the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Frank Krisztián , Szepesi Kinga , Bleier Norbert , Sugár László , Kusza Szilvia , Barta Endre , Horn Péter , Orosz László , Stéger Viktor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAfter the last glacial, the Carpathian Basin was repopulated from either eastward or northward colonisation routes for various species; one of these was the emblematic member of the European megafauna, the red deer, Cervus elaphus. We analysed 303 red deer individuals from the middle of the region, in seven Hungarian game reserves, at ten microsatellite loci (C01, C229, T26, T108, T123, T156, T172, T193, T501, T507), to investigate the genetic diversity of these subpopulations. We discovered high levels of genetic diversity of red deer subpopulations; allelic richness values ranging 4.99–7.01, observed heterozygosity 0.729–0.800, polymorphic information content 0.722–0.806, and Shannon’s information index 1.668–2.064. Multi-locus analyses indicated population admixtures of various degrees that corresponded to geographical location, and complex genetic structures were shown by clustering. Populations in the south-western and the north-eastern parts of the region formed two highly separated groups, and the red deer from populations in between them were highly admixed (in western Pannonia/Transdanubia, where the Danube flows into the Carpathian Basin). This pattern corresponds to the distribution of mitochondrial as well as Y-chromosome lineages. Assignment tests showed that a large fraction of individuals (29.4%) are found outside of their population of origin, indicating that the dispersal of red deer is rather common, which could be expected considering the life course of the species.
Efficient and adaptive incentive selection for crowdsourcing contests
Authors: Truong Nhat Van-Quoc , Dinh Le Cong , Stein Sebastian , Tran-Thanh Long , Jennings Nicholas R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe success of crowdsourcing projects relies critically on motivating a crowd to contribute. One particularly effective method for incentivising participants to perform tasks is to run contests where participants compete against each other for rewards. However, there are numerous ways to implement such contests in specific projects, that vary in how performance is evaluated, how participants are rewarded, and the sizes of the prizes. Also, the best way to implement contests in a particular project is still an open challenge, as the effectiveness of each contest implementation (henceforth, incentive) is unknown in advance. Hence, in a crowdsourcing project, a practical approach to maximise the overall utility of the requester (which can be measured by the total number of completed tasks or the quality of the task submissions) is to choose a set of incentives suggested by previous studies from the literature or from the requester’s experience. Then, an effective mechanism can be applied to automatically select appropriate incentives from this set over different time intervals so as to maximise the cumulative utility within a given financial budget and a time limit. To this end, we present a novel approach to this incentive selection problem. Specifically, we formalise it as an online decision making problem, where each action corresponds to offering a specific incentive. After that, we detail and evaluate a novel algorithm, , to solve the incentive selection problem efficiently and adaptively. In theory, in the case that all the estimates in (except the estimates of the effectiveness of each incentive) are correct, we show that the algorithm achieves the regret bound of $\mathcal {O}(\sqrt {B/c})$
O
(

B
/
c

)
, where B denotes the financial budget and c is the average cost of the incentives. In experiments, the performance of is about 93% (up to 98%) of the optimal solution and about 9% (up to 40%) better than state-of-the-art algorithms in a broad range of settings, which vary in budget sizes, time limits, numbers of incentives, values of the standard deviation of the incentives’ utilities, and group sizes of the contests (i.e., the numbers of participants in a contest).
Biodiversity associated with restored small-scale mussel habitats has restoration decision implications
Authors: Benjamin Emilee D. , Handley Sean J. , Hale Rachel , Toone Trevyn A. , Jeffs Andrew , Hillman Jenny R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe global loss of marine ecosystem engineers has caused an unprecedented decline in biodiversity. Although wild shellfish habitats have been shown to support biodiverse ecosystems, little is known about how biodiversity is altered by restored shellfish habitats, particularly mussels. To explore the biodiversity response to restored mussel habitats we deposited mussels on the seafloor in 1.5 × 1.5 m plots across a gradient of benthic environments. To understand a holistic community response, this study looks at the response of three faunal classifications over 1 year: infauna, epifauna, and pelagic fauna, compared with adjacent control plots (no mussels). The restored mussel habitats recorded 42 times more demersal fish than control areas, while macroalgae and mobile benthic invertebrates had over a twofold increase in abundance. Overall, the addition of mussels to the seafloor resulted in a general reduction of infaunal abundance and biodiversity, but an increase in epifaunal and pelagic faunal abundances, specifically from those species that benefit from benthic habitat complexity and an increase in food availability. From a management perspective, we highlight location-specific differences to consider for future restoration efforts, including environmental conditions and potential observed factors such as nearby sources of species, particularly predators, and relevant demersal fish ranges. Ultimately, measuring biodiversity responses in small-scale studies will serve as a valuable guide for larger scale restoration efforts and this study recommends considerations to enhance biodiversity outcomes in restored mussel habitats.
Exogenous Attention to Emotional Stimuli Presenting Realistic (3D) Looming Motion
Authors: Fernández-Folgueiras Uxía , Hernández-Lorca María , Méndez-Bértolo Constantino , Álvarez Fátima , Giménez-Fernández Tamara , Carretié Luis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious research shows that dynamic stimuli, on the one hand, and emotional stimuli, on the other, capture exogenous attention due to their biological relevance. Through neural (ERPs) and behavioral measures (reaction times and errors), the present study explored the combined effect of looming motion and emotional content on attentional capture. To this end, 3D-recreated static and dynamic animals assessed as emotional (positive or negative) or neutral were presented as distractors while 71 volunteers performed a line orientation task. We observed a two-phase effect: firstly (before 300 ms), early components of ERPs (P1p and N2po) showed enhanced exogenous attentional capture by looming positive distractors and static threatening animals. Thereafter, dynamic and static threatening distractors received enhanced endogenous attention as revealed by both late ERP activity (LPC) and behavioral (errors) responses. These effects are likely explained by both the emotional valence and the distance of the stimulus at each moment.
Correlation of tumour subtype with long-term outcome in small breast carcinomas: a Swedish population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rask Gunilla , Nazemroaya Anoosheh , Jansson Malin , Wadsten Charlotta , Nilsson Greger , Blomqvist Carl , Holmberg Lars , Wärnberg Fredrik , Sund Malin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate if molecular subtype is associated with outcome in stage 1 breast cancer (BC).

Methods
Tissue samples from 445 women with node-negative BC ≤ 15 mm, treated in 1986–2004, were classified into surrogate molecular subtypes [Luminal A-like, Luminal B-like (HER2−), HER2-positive, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)]. Information on treatment, recurrences, and survival were gathered from medical records.

Results
Tumour subtype was not associated with overall survival (OS). Luminal B-like (HER2−) and TNBC were associated with higher incidence of distant metastasis at 20 years (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.26; 95% CI 1.08–4.75 and HR 3.24; 95% CI 1.17–9.00, respectively). Luminal B-like (HER2−) and TNBC patients also had worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), although not statistically significant (HR 1.53; 95% CI 0.70–3.33 and HR 1.89; 95% CI 0.60–5.93, respectively). HER2-positive BC was not associated with poor outcome despite no patient receiving HER2-targeted therapy, with most of these tumours being ER+.

Conclusions
Stage 1 TNBC or Luminal B-like (HER2−) tumours behave more aggressively. Women with HER2+/ER+ tumours do not have an increased risk of distant metastasis or death, absent targeted treatment.
A DEIM driven reduced basis method for the diffuse Stokes/Darcy model coupled at parametric phase-field interfaces
Authors: Stoter Stein K.F. , Jessen Etienne , Niedens Viktor , Schillinger Dominik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we develop a reduced basis method for efficiently solving the coupled Stokes/Darcy equations with parametric internal geometry. To accommodate possible changes in topology, we define the Stokes and Darcy domains implicitly via a phase-field indicator function. In our reduced order model, we approximate the parameter-dependent phase-field function with a discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) that enables affine decomposition of the associated linear and bilinear forms. In addition, we introduce a modification of DEIM that leads to non-negativity preserving approximations, thus guaranteeing positive-semidefiniteness of the system matrix. We also present a strategy for determining the required number of DEIM modes for a given number of reduced basis functions. We couple reduced basis functions on neighboring patches to enable the efficient simulation of large-scale problems that consist of repetitive subdomains. We apply our reduced basis framework to efficiently solve the inverse problem of characterizing the subsurface damage state of a complete in-situ leach mining site.
An open-label, crossover study to compare different formulations and evaluate effect of food on pharmacokinetics of pimitespib in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Komatsu Yoshito , Shimokawa Tsuneo , Akiyoshi Kohei , Karayama Masato , Shimomura Akihiko , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Yuki Satoshi , Tambo Yuichi , Kasahara Kazuo 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis study compared the bioavailability of two pimitespib formulations (Formulations A and B), evaluated the food effect on Formulation A, and evaluated the safety and efficacy of multiple pimitespib doses in patients with solid tumors. This clinical, pharmacological multicenter study had two cohorts and periods. A single dose of Formulation A or B was administered in a crossover design to compare the pharmacokinetics in Cohort 1. In Cohort 2, the effects of fed vs fasting conditions were evaluated among those receiving Formulation A. Subsequently, multiple Formulation A doses were administered to all patients for safety and efficacy assessments. In Cohorts 1 and 2, 12 and 16 patients, respectively, were analyzed for pharmacokinetics. Thirty patients were analyzed for safety and efficacy. Maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC)last, and AUCinf geometric mean ratios for Formulations A and B (90% confidence interval [CI]) were 0.8078 (0.6569–0.9933), 0.7973 (0.6672–0.9529), and 0.8094 (0.6697–0.9782), respectively; 90% CIs were not within the bioequivalence range (0.80–1.25). In Cohort 2, mean Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf were higher in fed vs fasting conditions. No safety concerns emerged with single or multiple administration. Overall response rate, disease control rate, and median progression-free survival were 0%, 33%, and 1.5 months, respectively. Four patients had stable disease ≥ 5 months. Bioequivalence of the two formulations was unconfirmed. Systemic exposure of Formulation A was approximately 20% less than Formulation B. A high-fat/calorie meal increased the relative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a single 160-mg dose. Trial Registration: JapicCTI-184191 (Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center) registered on November 5, 2018.
Synchronization and cyclicality of social spending in economic crises
Authors: Ayala-Cañón Luis , Delgado-Rodríguez María Jesús , De Lucas-Santos Sonia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper expands the analysis of the cyclical characteristics of social spending by providing information on its joint behaviour across OECD countries. With this aim we propose the use of dynamic factor analysis and recursive models to estimate synchronization and cyclicality of social policies within a broad perspective. By considering the synchronization of social spending it is possible to assess the short-run characteristics of the joint response to changes in the economic cycle. We find that synchronization of social spending was only possible for advanced economies, achieving the highest countercyclical stabilization effect during the Global Financial Crisis. Emerging market economies are not able to join the synchronized response, maintaining independent and, in most cases, procyclical stances in the behaviour of their social policies.