bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social communication skill attainment in babies born during the COVID-19 pandemic: a birth cohort study
Authors: Byrne Susan , Sledge Hailey , Franklin Ruth , Boland Fiona , Murray Deirdre M , Hourihane Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic was managed with sustained mass lockdowns to prevent spread of COVID-19 infection. Babies born during the early stages of the pandemic missed the opportunity of meeting a normal social circle of people outside the family home.MethodsWe compared 10 parentally reported developmental milestones at 12-month assessment in a cohort of 309 babies born at the onset of the pandemic (CORAL cohort) and 1629 babies from a historical birth cohort (BASELINE cohort recruited between 2008 and 2011).ResultsCompared with a historical cohort, babies born into lockdown appeared to have some deficits in social communication. Fewer infants in the pandemic cohort had one definite and meaningful word (76.6% vs 89.3%), could point (83.8% vs 92.8%) or wave bye-bye (87.7% vs 94.4%) at 12-month assessment. Adjusted log-binomial regression analyses demonstrated significant differences in social communication in the CORAL cohort compared with the BASELINE cohort: one definite and meaningful word (relative risk (RR): 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.92)), pointing (RR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.96)) and waving bye-bye (RR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.99)).DiscussionParentally reported developmental outcomes in a birth cohort of babies born into lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic may indicate some potential deficits in early life social communication. It must be noted that milestones are parentally reported and comparison is with a historical cohort with associated limitations. Further studies with standardised testing is required to validate these findings.ConclusionPandemic-associated social isolation may have impacted on the social communication skills in babies born during the pandemic compared with a historical cohort. Babies are resilient and inquisitive by nature, and it is hoped that with societal re-emergence and increase in social circles, their social communication skills will improve.
Effect of mindfulness-based programmes on elite athlete mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Myall Kearnan , Montero-Marin Jesus , Gorczynski Paul , Kajee Nabeela , Syed Sheriff Rebecca , Bernard Robert , Harriss Eli , Kuyken Willem 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) on the mental health of elite athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesEight online databases (Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses and Google Scholar), plus forward and backward searching from included studies and previous systematic reviews.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared an MBP against a control, in current or former elite athletes.ResultsOf 2386 articles identified, 12 RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, comprising a total of 614 elite athletes (314 MBPs and 300 controls). Overall, MBPs improved mental health, with large significant pooled effect sizes for reducing symptoms of anxiety (hedgesg=−0.87, number of studies (n)=6, p=0.017,I2=90) and stress (g=−0.91, n=5, p=0.012,I2=74) and increasing psychological well-being (g=0.96, n=5, p=0.039.,I2=89). Overall, the risk of bias and certainty of evidence was moderate, and all findings were subject to high estimated levels of heterogeneity.ConclusionMBPs improved several mental health outcomes. Given the moderate degree of evidence, high-quality, adequately powered trials are required in the future. These studies should emphasise intervention fidelity, teacher competence and scalability within elite sport.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020176654.
COVID-19 susceptibility and severity risks in a cross-sectional survey of over 500 000 US adults
Authors: Knight Spencer C , McCurdy Shannon R , Rhead Brooke , Coignet Marie V , Park Danny S , Roberts Genevieve H L , Berkowitz Nathan D , Zhang Miao , Turissini David , Delgado Karen , Pavlovic Milos ,   AncestryDNA Science Team, Haug Baltzell Asher K , Guturu Harendra , Rand Kristin A , Girshick Ahna R , Hong Eurie L , Ball Catherine A 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe enormous toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the urgency of collecting and analysing population-scale datasets in real time to monitor and better understand the evolving pandemic. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship of risk factors to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity and to develop risk models to accurately predict COVID-19 outcomes using rapidly obtained self-reported data.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingAncestryDNA customers in the USA who consented to research.ParticipantsThe AncestryDNA COVID-19 Study collected self-reported survey data on symptoms, outcomes, risk factors and exposures for over 563 000 adult individuals in the USA in just under 4 months, including over 4700 COVID-19 cases as measured by a self-reported positive test.ResultsWe replicated previously reported associations between several risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity outcomes, and additionally found that differences in known exposures accounted for many of the susceptibility associations. A notable exception was elevated susceptibility for men even after adjusting for known exposures and age (adjusted OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.19 to 1.55). We also demonstrated that self-reported data can be used to build accurate risk models to predict individualised COVID-19 susceptibility (area under the curve (AUC)=0.84) and severity outcomes including hospitalisation and critical illness (AUC=0.87 and 0.90, respectively). The risk models achieved robust discriminative performance across different age, sex and genetic ancestry groups within the study.ConclusionsThe results highlight the value of self-reported epidemiological data to rapidly provide public health insights into the evolving COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluating the association between urine drug screening frequency and retention in opioid agonist treatment in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morin Kristen A , Dabous John R , Vojtesek Frank , Marsh David 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate how urine drug screening (UDS) frequency is associated with retention in opioid agonist treatment (OAT).MethodsData for this retrospective cohort study of 55 921 adults in OAT in Ontario, Canada, were derived from administrative sources between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015. All patient information was linked anonymously across databases using encrypted health card numbers. Descriptive statistics were calculated for comparing UDS frequency groups using standardised differences (d) where d less than 10% indicated a statistically significant difference. A logistic regression model was then used to calculate ORs adjusting for baseline covariates, including sex, age, location of residence, income quintile, mental disorders, HIV status and deep tissue infections.ResultsOver 70% of the cohort had four or more UDS tests per month (weekly or more UDS). Significant associations were observed between UDS frequency and 1-year treatment retention in OAT biweekly (adjusted OR (aOR)=3.20, 95% CI 2.75 to 3.75); weekly UDS (aOR=6.86, 95% CI 5.88 to 8.00) and more than weekly (aOR=8.03, 95% CI 6.87 to 9.38) using the monthly or less groups as the reference.ConclusionThis study identified an association between weekly UDS and 1-year treatment retention in OAT. There is an active discussion within Canada about the utility of UDS. The lack of evidence for the impact of UDS on retention has left it open to some to argue they simply provide a barrier to patient engagement. Therefore, it is timely of this study to demonstrate that more frequent urine testing is not associated with a reduction in treatment retention.
Protocol for a multicentre, parallel, randomised, controlled trial on the effect of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on health, obesity and safety in overweight adults and children: the SWEET project
Authors: Kjølbæk Louise , Manios Yannis , Blaak Ellen E , Martínez J. Alfredo , Feskens Edith J M , Finlayson Graham , Andersen Sabina S H , Reppas Kyriakos , Navas-Carretero Santiago , Adam Tanja C , Hodgkins Charo E , del Álamo Marta , Lam Tony , Moshoyiannis Hariklia , Halford Jason C G , Harrold Joanne A , Raben Anne 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate whether prolonged consumption of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) within a healthy diet will improve weight loss maintenance and obesity-related risk factors and affect safety markers compared with sugar.Methods and analysisSWEET (S&SEs: prolonged effects on health, obesity and safety) is a 1-year multicentre RCT including at least 330 adults with overweight (18–65 years, body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2) and 40 children (6–12 years, BMI-for-age >85th percentile). In an initial 2-month period, adults will consume a low-energy diet with the aim to achieve ≥5% weight loss. Children are advised to consume a generally healthy diet to maintain body weight, thus reducing their BMI-for-age z-score. In the following 10 months, participants will be randomised to follow a healthy ad libitum diet with or without S&SE products. Clinical investigations are scheduled at baseline, after 2, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcomes are body weight for efficacy and gut microbiota composition (in relation to metabolic health) for safety, both in adults. Secondary outcomes include anthropometry, risk markers for type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, questionnaires including, for example, food preferences, craving and appetite and tests for allergenicity.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol has been approved by the following national ethical committees; The research ethics committees of the capital region (Denmark), approval code: H-19040679, The medical ethics committee of the University Hospital Maastricht and Maastricht University (the Netherlands), approval code: NL70977.068.19/METC19-056s, Research Ethics Committee of the University of Navarra (Spain), approval code: 2019.146 mod1, Research Ethics Committee of Harokopio University (Greece), approval code: 1810/18-06-2019. The trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals regardless of whether the findings are positive, negative or inconclusive.Trial registration numberNCT04226911(Clinicaltrials.gov)
Association between the interval of worksite dental check-ups and dental and medical expenditures: a single-site, 12-year follow-up study in Japan
Authors: Ichihashi Toru , Goto Ayae , Myagmar-Ochir Enkhtuguldur , Haruyama Yasuo , Muto Takashi , Kobashi Gen 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the effective intervals of worksite dental check-ups to reduce cumulative dental expenditures (CDEs) and cumulative medical expenditures (CMEs), based on 12 years of follow-up dental check-ups.Setting, design and participantsA longitudinal study was conducted between 2002 and 2014 fiscal years. A total of 2691 full-time employees (2099 males and 592 females) aged 20–59 years in a manufacturing company in Japan were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBased on the follow-up of 12-year dental check-ups, the interval of dental check-ups visits was classified into the following categories: ‘Once per year’ as the regular group, ‘At least once per 2 years’ as the subregular group and others as the irregular group. CDEs and CMEs per capita were examined by the three groups of dental check-ups interval after adjustment for sex, age, occupation and total CMEs at baseline. For sensitivity analysis, decayed teeth, missing teeth and Community Periodontal Index were added as adjustment factors.ResultsCompared with the irregular group, the pooled CDEs (including dental check-ups fee) per capita in the subregular group (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98) and regular group (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) were significantly lower overall. The younger adults in the subregular group and younger-aged and middle-aged adults in the regular group had significantly lower CDEs. Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that regular and subregular worksite dental check-ups were related to reduction of CDEs. It is important to promote a yearly interval between dental check-ups.
Use of mHealth tools to register birth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Cansdale Lottie Grace , Kelly Gabriella , Khashan Ali , Malata Address , Kachale Fannie , Lissauer David , Yosefe Simeon , Roberts James , Woodworth Simon , Mmbaga Blandina , Redman Christopher , Hirst Jane Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveAccurate reporting of birth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is essential. Mobile health (mHealth) tools have been proposed as a replacement for conventional paper-based registers. mHealth could provide timely data for individual facilities and health departments, as well as capture deliveries outside facilities. This scoping review evaluates which mHealth tools have been reported to birth outcomes in the delivering room in LMICs and documents their reported advantages and drawbacks.DesignA scoping review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews and the mHealth evidence reporting and assessment checklist for evaluating mHealth interventions.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL and Global Health were searched for records until 3 February 2022 with no earliest date limit.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included where healthcare workers used mHealth tools in LMICs to record birth outcomes. Exclusion criteria included mHealth not being used at the point of delivery, non-peer reviewed literature and studies not written in English.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Common themes among studies were identified.Results640 records were screened, 21 of which met the inclusion criteria, describing 15 different mHealth tools. We identified six themes: (1) digital tools for labour monitoring (8 studies); (2) digital data collection of specific birth outcomes (3 studies); (3) digital technologies used in community settings (6 studies); (4) attitudes of healthcare workers (10 studies); (5) paper versus electronic data collection (3 studies) and (6) infrastructure, interoperability and sustainability (8 studies).ConclusionSeveral mHealth technologies are reported to have the capability to record birth outcomes at delivery, but none were identified that were designed solely for that purpose. Use of digital delivery registers appears feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers, but definitive evaluations are lacking. Further assessment of the sustainability of technologies and their ability to integrate with existing health information systems is needed.
Identifying gaps in global evidence for nurse staffing and patient care outcomes research in low/middle-income countries: an umbrella review
Authors: Imam Abdulazeez , Obiesie Sopuruchukwu , Aluvaala Jalemba , Maina Jackson Michuki , Gathara David , English Mike 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo identify nurse staffing and patient care outcome literature in published systematic reviews and map out the evidence gaps for low/middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe included quantitative systematic reviews on nurse staffing levels and patient care outcomes in regular ward settings published in English. We excluded qualitative reviews or reviews on nursing skill mix. We searched the Cochrane Register of Systematic Reviews, the Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Medline, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception until July 2021. We used the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews -2 (AMSTAR-2) criteria for risk of bias assessment and conducted a narrative synthesis.ResultsFrom 843 papers, we included 14 in our final synthesis. There were overlaps in primary studies summarised across reviews, but overall, the reviews summarised 136 unique primary articles. Only 4 out of 14 reviews had data on LMIC publications and only 9 (6.6%) of 136 unique primary articles were conducted in LMICs. Only 8 of 23 patient care outcomes were reported from LMICs. Less research was conducted in contexts with staffing levels that are typical of many LMIC contexts.DiscussionOur umbrella review identified very limited data for nurse staffing and patient care outcomes in LMICs. We also identified data from high-income countries might not be good proxies for LMICs as staffing levels where this research was conducted had comparatively better staffing levels than the few LMIC studies. This highlights a critical need for the conduct of nurse staffing research in LMIC contexts.LimitationsWe included data on systematic reviews that scored low on our risk of bias assessment because we sought to provide a broad description of the research area. We only considered systematic reviews published in English and did not include any qualitative reviews in our synthesis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021286908.
Protocol for an open-label, single-arm, multicentre clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in the first episode of paediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Liu Jialu , Shen Qian , Xie Li , Wang Jiyang , Li Yaxuan , Chen Jing , Fang Xiaoyan , Tang Xiaoshan , Qian Biyun , Xu Hong 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRituximab (RTX) effectively prevents relapses in patients with complicated steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). The 1-year relapse-free survival rate is approximately 30% in children after the first episode of SSNS treated with standardised corticosteroids. Whether the benefits of RTX extend to the first relapse are unknown. The efficacy and safety of RTX in the first episode of paediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (RTXFIRPedINS) trial (NCT04783675) will assess its effect on the risk of subsequent relapse.Methods and analysisRTXFIRPedINS is an open-label, single-arm, multicentre trial targeting patients aged 1–18 years with a first episode of SSNS. All patients will receive standardised corticosteroid treatment for 12 weeks. A sample size of 44 patients provides 80% power to detect a 20% increase in the 1-year relapse-free rate, assuming a dropout rate of 10%. After obtaining informed consent and screening, eligible patients will be treated with a single intravenous infusion of 375 mg/m2RTX within 1 week after achieving remission. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole will be administered for 3 months after RTX administration to preventPneumocystis cariniiinfection. The follow-up period will be 1 year. The primary outcome is the 1-year relapse-free survival rate after RTX infusion. The secondary study outcomes are the number of days from the infusion of RTX to the occurrence of the first relapse, 6-month relapse-free survival rate, the B cell recovery time and treatment-related adverse events. Immunological factors will be studied as predictors of response.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University and seven local ethics committees. We will publish our study results in peer-reviewed journals and present them at international scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04783675
Time-out in prolonged labour: development of a care model to prevent secondary fear of childbirth
Authors: Ringqvist Anna-Karin , Bergqvist Liselotte , Brezicka Thomas , Lundgren Ingela 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundDuring qualitative improvement work, the statistics at the hospital reveal prolonged labour as one of the major causes of secondary fear of childbirth (FOC). The aim of this improvement work was to develop and implement a care process for prolonged labour to prevent secondary FOC.Materials and methodsTo explore the factors behind secondary FOC among multiparous women, a follow-up of referral reasons for 600 women with severe FOC was made between 2015 and 2017 at a Swedish University Hospital. In the group with the most common factor, namely prolonged labour, 41 women were interviewed. From their answers, further research and existing professional knowledge, a care process to prevent secondary FOC was designed, ‘Time-out in prolonged labour’ (the Time-out). To improve the quality of the care process, the functional resonance analysis method was used. The findings from the interviews were categorised into three themes: lack of involvement; lack of communication and information; and lack of care plan. The women explained that if these areas had been fulfilled, it may have reduced their FOC.ResultTo prevent the above-mentioned themes, ‘Time-out in prolonged labour’ was developed with supporting factors such as gathering the interprofessional team, collecting information, dialogue within the team and the involvement of the women when deciding the care plan. Result after implementation shows a reduction of referral reason due to prolonged labour for women with severe FOC from 28% in 2016 to 8.5% in 2020.ConclusionsThe Time-out is a good model to prevent secondary FOC. Central aspects of the model are to ensure women’s involvement, good communication and a documented care plan for women in prolonged labour. The supporting factor of interprofessional teamwork is of importance when using the Time-out in practice.