bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of negative pressure sealing drainage technology combined with silver ion sterilization nursing solution in the nursing of necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Chen Feng , Liu Changqing 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To study the application effect of negative pressure sealing drainage technology combined with silver ion sterilization nursing solution in the nursing of necrotizing fasciitis.
Methods: Medical records of patients with necrotizing fasciitis, treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021, were selected. Patients were retrospectively assigned into two groups based on the debridement method used: debridement with silver ion sterilization nursing solution Group-I, or debridement with negative pressure sealing drainage technology combined with silver ion sterilization nursing solution. Group-II. Wound healing, dressing change times, healing time, treatment cost and patient satisfaction in both groups were statistically compared.
Results: The wound healing rate of patients in Group-II group was higher than that of Group-I on the 5th, 10th and 15th day after operation (P < 0.05). Dressing change times, healing time and treatment cost of patients in the Group-II were lower than those of Group-I (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction in the Group-II was 91.4% (54 / 59), which was higher than that of Group-I (75.4% (40 / 53) (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Negative pressure sealing drainage technology combined with silver ion sterilization nursing solution in the nursing of necrotizing fasciitis is effective. It can promote wound healing, shorten the healing time, reduce the times of wound dressing change and treatment cost. It also improves the overall patient satisfaction, making it an efficient method in clinical application.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5945
How to cite this:Chen F, Liu C. Application of negative pressure sealing drainage technology combined with silver ion sterilization nursing solution in the nursing of necrotizing fasciitis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5945
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A note on $GDD(1, n, n , 4;\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})$
Authors: SARVATE Dinesh G. , WOLDEMARİAM Dinkayehu M. 
Published: April 2022

The present note is motivated by two papers on group divisible designs (GDDs) with the same block size three but different number of groups: three and four where one group is of size $1$ and the others are of the same size $n$. Here we present some interesting constructions of GDDs with block size 4 and three groups: one of size $1$ and other two of the same size $n$. We also obtain necessary	conditions for the existence of such GDDs and prove that they are sufficient in several cases. For example, we show that the necessary conditions are sufficient for the existence of a GDD$(1,n,n,4;\lambda_1,\lambda_2)$ for $n\equiv0,1,4,5,8,9\pmod{12}$ when $\lambda_1\ge \lambda_2$.
Teaching the management of trauma patients through virtual reality
Authors: Hainsworth L , Kosti A , Lloyd A , Kiddle A , Bamford R , Hunter I 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Virtual reality (VR) fully immersive interactive video teaching (VR FIIT) allows learners to develop through observing and interacting with complex realistic environments, developing technical and nontechnical skills. One such complex clinical environment is managing a trauma patient. Despite the significant developments in managing these patients, foundation doctors are frequently highly anxious due to their limited knowledge and experience. The aim of this project was twofold; to improve foundation doctor performance of managing trauma patients and to reduce their associated anxiety, through the use of VR teaching. Methods A total of 14 foundation doctors were divided into two groups. One group underwent departmental teaching. The second group underwent departmental teaching and VR FIIT. We assessed the doctors via two methods. First, time taken to complete tasks correctly in trauma simulations was compared. Second, the doctors completed a self-reported level-based assessment questionnaire regarding anxiety and stress around trauma calls. Results The VR FIIT intervention group were able to complete each task on average 118s faster than the standard group. The standard group missed essential tasks such as C-spine immobilisation. The VR FIIT group self-reported significantly lower levels of anxiety related to trauma calls. Conclusion VR teaching improves foundation doctor performance at managing simulated major trauma patients and decreases foundation doctor anxiety towards management and exposure of these clinical situations.
The combined measurement of synovial markers in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Felstead A , Kundasamy P , Penfold G , Whiting K , Buck J , Sturridge S , Meda M 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Currently there is no single test for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) that demonstrates an acceptable level of sensitivity. The aim of this pilot study was to identify a combination of biomarkers that could exclude periprosthetic infection prior to revision surgery in hip and knee arthroplasty. This would help in equivocal cases of PJI, such as those with low-virulence organisms, chronic low-grade infection or ‘aseptic’ loosening. Current research has focused on measuring the levels of biomarkers in the patient’s synovial fluid, and these can be combined to improve accuracy. Methods We selected synovial white cell count (SF-WCC) and C-reactive protein (SF-CRP), as they demonstrated an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity which could be measured using existing equipment. One hundred and sixty-one synovial fluid samples from 134 patients were collected and analysed prospectively using calculated cut-off values of 10mg/l for SF-CRP and 3,000×106/l for SF-WCC. Samples were deemed positive for infection when either of the SF-CRP or SF-WCC values were above the cut-off. Results The combined test demonstrated a sensitivity greater than 98.5% and specificity above 80% in all samples analysed or looked at separately for total hip replacement and total knee replacement infections. All ten aspirates taken from chronically infected joints tested positive. Conclusions The combination of SF-CRP and SF-WCC measurement has been shown to have high sensitivity of over 99% in detecting both acute and chronic PJI in both hip and knee arthroplasty. This ability of the test to exclude infection with a high degree of certainty will help in preoperative planning of PJIs.
Comparing the surgical management of acute paediatric scrotal pain between adult urologists and general surgeons in the UK: an observational study
Authors: Bermingham HN , Popplewell MA , Naumann DN , Gulamhussein MA , Liaw F , Layton GR , Fernando H , Tucker O , Bowley D , Dilworth MP 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Acute scrotal pain is a common paediatric surgical emergency. Assessment and timely exploration are required to rule out testicular torsion (TT) and prevent unnecessary morbidity. Methods A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out at two district general hospitals in the UK for boys aged ≤16 years presenting with acute scrotal pain between January 2014 and October 2017 managed by adult general surgery (AGS) at one hospital and adult urology (AU) at the other. Results Some 565 patients were eligible for inclusion (n=364 AGS, n=201 AU). A higher proportion of patients underwent surgical exploration at AGS compared with AU (277/346 (80.1%) vs 96/201 (47.8%); p<0.001). Of those who underwent exploration, 101/373 (27.1%) had TT, of whom 25/101 (24.8%) underwent orchidectomy and 125/373 (33.5%) had torted testicular appendage. There was no statistically significant difference in rates of orchidectomy between AGS (19/68, 27.9%) and AU (6/33, 18.2%) with testicular salvage rates of 72.1% and 81.8%, respectively (p=0.334). Patients were twice as likely to be readmitted at AGS as at AU (28/346 (8.1%) vs 8/201 (4.0%); p=0.073). Conclusion Although intraoperative findings were similar between adult general surgeons and urologists, there were significant differences in surgical management, with a higher rate of surgical exploration by general surgeons. Testicular salvage and 30-day postoperative morbidity rates at both institutions were acceptable but the readmission rate was high at 6.6%. It is not known why there is a heterogeneity in management of acute scrotal pain between specialist centres, and further prospective investigations are warranted.
The introduction of the trauma triage clinic at a district general hospital: safety and efficacy during the first year of implementation
Authors: Madhusudan N , Lewis T , Kunicki A , Hardie J , Macleod I , Marsland D 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Previously published work has shown that there are no missed injuries following the introduction of a trauma triage clinic (TTC). This study aimed to assess both the safety and efficacy of the TTC model in a district general hospital in the United Kingdom. We aimed to assess the rate of missed ‘high-risk’ injuries, including posterior shoulder dislocations, talar injuries, Lisfranc injuries and complex carpal instability. Methods Data were collected retrospectively between November 2017 and October 2018 (inclusive). During this time, 3,721 patients were reviewed (mean age 38 years, SD 25.5, range 1–103 years). Case notes and x-rays were reviewed for all patients. Compliance was assessed against British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST 7) guidelines for fracture clinic services. The standard for adherence to guidelines was 100%. Results Thirty-two of 3,721 patients had a missed injury during the study period, and 66% of these injuries were high risk. TTC was effective in reducing the number of patients seen in the fracture clinic, with 23% of patients discharged directly from the TTC. Eighty-nine per cent of patients were reviewed in clinic within 72 hours of presentation, with a median time to review of 2 days. Conclusion This study has shown that TTC is efficient in reducing the burden of patients seen in the fracture clinic, but it is not as safe as reported previously. Although the prevalence of missed injuries is low, hospitals introducing a TTC model should consider departmental processes to help accurately identify and triage high-risk injuries.
What’s the SCORE? Current management of symptomatic, clinically occult, radiologically evident inguinal hernias
Authors:   The Surgical Trainees in East of England Research (STEER) Collaborative
Published: April 2022

Introduction Symptomatic, clinically occult, radiologically evident inguinal hernias (SCORE-IH) are challenging due to diagnostic uncertainty and a lack of treatment consensus. This study explores current practice among surgeons treating SCORE-IH. Methods A trainee-led research collaborative (STEER) disseminated a validated online survey among UK and international consultants. Collated responses were analysed to determine surgeons’ experience and approach to the management of SCORE-IH. Results A total of 73 responses were received. Overall, 26% of respondents performed more than 100 IH repairs annually. Nearly two-thirds (62%) were unaware of SCORE-IH guidelines. Surgeons chose ultrasonography (31.5%) or ultrasonography with magnetic resonance imaging (24.6%) to manage SCORE-IH. Surgeons managed SCORE-IH conservatively or operatively in 31% and 36% of cases, respectively. Surgeons’ experience and laparoscopic capacity did not correlate with their approach to SCORE-IH management. Conclusions There is heterogeneity in SCORE-IH management, likely due to an absence of adequate guidelines. The results highlight that further SCORE-IH research is needed to achieve consensus.
The problem of the use of hormonal therapy aimed for sex correction by transgender persons on their own initiative
Authors: Makarova E. V. , Solovieva N. V. , Kremenitskaya S. A. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the demand for feminizing and masculinizing hormone therapy has increased significantly among transgender people around the world. There are no such studies in Russia and the amount of medical information on the transgender population is limited.AIM: to assess the number of transgender patients who take hormone therapy without a doctor’s prescription and to characterize the medicines they use.MATERIALS AND METHODS: data from 1117 transgender patients were included in to analysis: 44.01% (n=515) of them were trans women, 55.99% (n=630) were trans men. Patients applied to the “Scientific Center for Personalized Medicine” in order to receive medical care.RESULTS: Half of transgender people (53.6%) are already taking hormonal drugs. More often transgender women (76.7%), less often transgender men (32.3%). In this case, only 8.6% turned to endocrinologists for the therapy prescription. Many patients used unlicensed drugs, use irrational schemes and combinations, often overdose.CONCLUSION: A significant number of transgender people start using hormone replacement therapy on their own initiative, without the doctor’s supervision. The solution to this problem could be incensement of knowledge level in doctors and patients to create a friendly environment and productive interaction between therapists, endocrinologists and transgender people, as well as the organization of consulting centers within public medical institutions.
Interaction between the gut microbiota and oral antihyperglycemic drugs
Authors: Buyvalenko U. V. , Pokrovskaya E. V. 
Published: April 2022

The gut microbiome is the largest microbial habitat in the human body. The main functions include obtaining energy from complex food fibers, maturation and formation of the immune system, intestinal angiogenesis, restoration of epithelial damage to the intestine, development of the nervous system, protection against pathogens, etc. It is also known that a number of drugs can cause changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora, and intestinal bacteria, in turn, produce a number of enzymes and metabolites that can chemically change the structure of drugs, leading to more side effects, and in some cases to positive changes. In this review we present current evidence supporting the effects of microbiota in host-drug interactions, in particular, the reciprocal effects of gut microbiota and oral hypoglycemic drugs on each other. Gaining and evaluating knowledge in this area will help pave the way for the development of new microbiota-based strategies that can be used in the future to improve treatment outcomes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
Nontrivial solutions of discrete Kirchhoff-type problems via Morse theory
Authors: Long Yuhua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, we study discrete Kirchhoff-type problems when the nonlinearity is resonant at both zero and infinity. We establish a series of results on the existence of nontrivial solutions by combining variational method with Morse theory. Several examples are provided to illustrate applications of our results.
Existence and asymptotic behavior of solitary waves for a weakly coupled Schrödinger system
Authors: An Xiaoming , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the following weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system

−
Δ

u

1

+

a

1

(

x

)

u

1

=
∣

u

1

∣

2
p
−
2

u

1

+
b
∣

u

1

∣

p
−
2

∣

u

2

∣

p

u

1

,

x
∈

R

N

,

−
Δ

u

2

+

a

2

(

x

)

u

2

=
∣

u

2

∣

2
p
−
2

u

2

+
b
∣

u

2

∣

p
−
2

∣

u

1

∣

p

u

2

,

x
∈

R

N

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta {u}_{1}+{a}_{1}\left(x){u}_{1}=| {u}_{1}{| }^{2p-2}{u}_{1}+b| {u}_{1}{| }^{p-2}| {u}_{2}{| }^{p}{u}_{1},& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\\ -\Delta {u}_{2}+{a}_{2}\left(x){u}_{2}=| {u}_{2}{| }^{2p-2}{u}_{2}+b| {u}_{2}{| }^{p-2}| {u}_{1}{| }^{p}{u}_{2},& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\end{array}\right.

where

N
≥
1

N\ge 1

,

b
∈
R

b\in {\mathbb{R}}

is a coupling constant,

2
p
∈

(

2
,

2

∗

)

2p\in \left(2,{2}^{\ast })

,

2

∗

=
2
N

/

(

N
−
2

)

{2}^{\ast }=2N\hspace{0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{0.1em}\left(N-2)

if

N
≥
3

N\ge 3

and

+
∞

+\infty

if

N
=
1
,
2

N=1,2

,

a

1

(

x

)

{a}_{1}\left(x)

and

a

2

(

x

)

{a}_{2}\left(x)

are two positive functions. Assuming that

a

i

(

x

)

(

i
=
1
,
2

)

{a}_{i}\left(x)\hspace{0.33em}\left(i=1,2)

satisfies some suitable conditions, by constructing creatively two types of two-dimensional mountain-pass geometries, we obtain a positive synchronized solution for

∣
b
∣
>
0

| b| \gt 0

small and a positive segregated solution for

b
<
0

b\lt 0

, respectively. We also show that when

1
<
p
<
min

{

2
,

2

∗

/

2

}

1\lt p\lt {\rm{\min }}\left\{2,{2}^{\ast }\hspace{0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{0.1em}2\right\}

, the positive solutions are not unique if

b
>
0

b\gt 0

is small. The asymptotic behavior of the solutions when

b
→
0

b\to 0

and

b
→
−
∞

b\to -\infty

is also studied.
Relationships between struggling EFL writers’ motivation, self-regulated learning (SRL), and writing competence in Hong Kong primary schools
Authors: Bai Barry , Guo Wenjuan , Wang Chuang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between struggling writers’ motivation (i.e., interest, self-efficacy, and growth mindset) and their use of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies (i.e., planning, text-generating, self-monitoring, and collaborative learning) and writing competence in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context. Participants were 368 primary students in Hong Kong who scored 15 or less out of 48 marks in a writing test. They reported a generally moderate level of motivation and lower medium level of SRL strategy use. Especially, the participants reported a low level of interest. Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) suggested that growth mindset had the strongest positive correlations with the struggling EFL writers’ use of SRL strategies. Both self-efficacy and interest also had positive correlations with the students’ SRL strategy use, but only self-efficacy had significant and positive relations with their writing competence. Implications for English teachers to improve instruction for struggling EFL writers’ in order to promote their motivation and SRL strategy use are provided and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Better School, Better Score? Evidence From a Chinese Earthquake-Stricken County
Authors: Leng Xuan , Liu Xinyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Little is known about the long-term impact of postdisaster government support on students’ educational outcomes in selective high schools. Using the instrumental variable approach and administrative education data on an earthquake-affected county, we found that entering a selective high school in a postdisaster government-supported county reduces the college entrance examination scores of students and, thus, their success in attending college. Suggestive evidence showed that the redistribution of educational resources across schools could be a reason for this negative impact of selective schools. We conclude that raising awareness of this educational misallocation problem can be of great importance in improving the average level of human capital in rural areas.
Bioinformatics network analyses of growth differentiation factor 11
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yang Xia , Bao Zhijun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been implicated in rejuvenating functions in age-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms connecting GDF11 with these anti-aging phenomena, including reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy and vascular and neurogenic rejuvenation, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to uncover the molecular functions of GDF11 using bioinformatics and network-driven analyses at the human gene and transcription levels using the gene co-expression network analysis, the protein–protein interaction network analysis, and the transcription factor network analysis. Our findings suggested that GDF11 is involved in a variety of functions, such as apoptosis, DNA repair, telomere maintenance, and interaction with key transcription factors, such as MYC proto-oncogene, specificity protein 1, and ETS proto-oncogene 2. The human skin fibroblast premature senescence model was established by UVB. The treatment with 10 ng/mL GDF11 in this cell model could reduce cell damage, reduce the apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3, and increase the length of telomeres. Therefore, our findings shed light on the functions of GDF11 and provide insights into the roles of GDF11 in aging.
Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Japan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Authors: Shan Tifeng , Li Yuqian , Pang Shaojun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Large-scale farming of Undaria pinnatifida is conducted in northern China. Conspicuous natural populations of this alga are distributed on rocky shores in this region. However, the genetic relationship between U. pinnatifida from China and native populations in other countries remains largely uncertain. We obtained sequences for the mitochondrial cox3 and tatC–tLeu regions and the internal transcribed spacer one of nuclear ribosomal DNA from representative natural and farmed populations of U. pinnatifida in China. We analyzed genetic diversity, and evaluated the genetic relationship between Chinese populations and Japanese and Korean populations. The mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences revealed high genetic diversity in most Chinese populations. Unique mitochondrial haplotypes were detected in the Gouqi Island population consistent with historical records of a native population on the island. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed that the Chinese samples were classifiable as the Continental and Northern Japan types. All natural populations from rocky reefs in northern China were grouped with the Continental type and all farmed populations with the Northern Japan type. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences revealed significant genetic differentiation between the farmed populations and adjacent natural populations from rocky reefs, in agreement with previous results obtained using microsatellites.
Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Alpinia officinarum on nicotinamide/streptozotocin induced type II diabetic rats
Authors: Heidari Hamid , Khalaj Azam , Khani Sima , Abdollahi Maasoume , Farahani Hamid , Khani Samira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Alpinia officinarum Hance, commonly known as lesser galangal, is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) traditionally used for many decades to treat inflammation, pain, stomach ache and cold. In the present study, the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potentials of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. officinarum (AO) were investigated in the nicotinamide/streptozotocin induced type II diabetic rats.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were divided into following six groups: Group I was normal control rats. Group II: normal diabetic control, Group III: Diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg), IV, V and VI: Diabetic rats treated with 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg AO hydroalcoholic extract by daily gavage for 28 days, respectively. At the end of treatment, biochemical analysis, histological study, phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity tests were carried out.

Results
The results show significant reduction in blood glucose, serum lipid profiles, and liver enzyme levels in diabetic rats compared with diabetic control in AO treated group.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that AO extract had significant (p<0.05) antidiabetic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects in addition to hepatoprotective effect in type II diabetic rats.