bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Build‐Up of Rubber in Different Deformation Modes and Its Correlation to Viscoelasticity
Authors: Nie Shouliang , Huang Wei , Ren Pengjie , Wang Xiaorong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeat build‐up (HBU) under deformation is a critical characteristic of rubber materials, and it significantly influences the performance and service safety of final products. In addition, the deformation modes of materials can vary considerably depending on the product and working conditions, resulting in a complex and sometimes unpredictable correlation between HBU and the viscoelasticity of materials. In this study, strain‐ and stress‐controlled HBU experiments on rubber composites are conducted using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) equipped with a sample temperature measuring unit. During the HBU tests, dynamic mechanical properties are monitored simultaneously with HBU, ensuring a direct correlation between viscoelasticity and heat generation. The energy density of dissipation, Wdiss in the stress–strain hysteresis loop, is considered to be the source of heat generation and can be expressed through various rheological parameters. It is found that, in strain‐controlled mode, the HBU of tested materials correlates linearly with the loss modulus, . In contrast, in stress‐controlled mode, the HBU correlates linearly with the combined formats of rheological parameters, such as . These results suggest a new guideline for applying viscoelastic parameters, or their combinations, as evaluation indicators for the performance of rubber materials based on their working conditions.
Unmasking a Recessive Allele by a Rare Interstitial Deletion at 10q26.13q26.2: Prenatal Diagnosis of MMP21 ‐Related Disorder and Further Refine INSYN2A Involvement in the Postnatal Cognitive Phenotype
Authors: Su Jiasun , Zhang Shujie , Li Wei , Wei Yuan , Lin Fei , Zhou Chaofan , Tang Xianglian , Lan Yueyun , Huang Minpan , Zhang Qiang , Yi Shang , Yang Qi , Yi Sheng , Zhou Xunzhao , Qin Zailong , Huang Peng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe 10q26 microdeletion syndrome (OMIM #609625) is a distinct genomic disorder characterized by a spectrum of clinical features including craniofacial anomalies, developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), hypotonia, cardiovascular, and urogenital malformations. Despite the identification of critical regions within 10q26 linked to the syndrome's phenotype, the specific genes responsible for the associated facial characteristics, microcephaly, cognitive issues, and growth deficiencies remain elusive. Interstitial deletions at 10q25.3‐q26.3 are rare, and their contributions to 10q26 microdeletion syndrome remain unknown.MethodsWe conducted trio‐whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on a fetus presenting with ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic span, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and microcephaly. Variant classification was assessed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines, and the causative gene associated with cognitive phenotype was refined by means of smallest regions of overlap (SRO).ResultsA homozygous variant c.1544A>G (p.Tyr515Cys) in MMP21 and a large deletion at 10q26.13‐q26.2 which unmasked the homozygous mutation were identified in the proband. The maternally inherited 10q26.13q26.2 deletion was classified as likely pathogenic, while the variant c.1544A>G was of uncertain significance (VUS) based on ACMG/AMP criteria. A critical interval of approximately ~500 kb implicating the involving genes DOCK1 and INSYN2A (inhibitory synaptic factor 2A) in the cognitive phenotype of 10q26 microdeletion syndrome was refined.ConclusionThis study introduces a recessive MMP21 mutation unmasked by a rare 10q26.13q26.2 deletion via WES in a Chinese fetus with congenital heart disease (CHD), IUGR, and microcephaly. We further refine INSYN2A as a potential candidate gene for cognitive phenotype in 10q26.1‐q26.3 region. Our study also highlights the utility of WES for its advantage in simultaneously analyzing both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) and provide a reference for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in patients with similar conditions.
Suicide: The Experiences of Attempters in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Authors: Buertey Abigail Ansere 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSuicide is a major public health concern that has negatively impacted people worldwide socioeconomically, physically, and psychologically. Every instance is a heart‐breaking loss that deeply impacts families, communities and nations, leaving lasting repercussions for those left behind. The aim of the study was to explore precipitating factors of people who experienced a suicide attempt. A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was used with the help of a semi‐structured interview guide to collect data from thirteen (13) suicide attempters' with ages between 20 and 48 years. The data were transcribed verbatim after it had been audio recorded digitally. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA 20. Information gathered yielded two major themes and six subthemes as the precipitating factors for suicide attempt. The two main themes were (1) Social/family issues, with its subthemes; mistrust, wasted resources and parental pressure (2) Psychological issues with the subthemes; Childhood experiences, emotional breakdown and difficult life pursuits. The study showed that suicide is a very complex problem in every society and there is general ignorance about the triggers, signs and appropriate help seeking strategies. It is therefore vital to create massive public awareness on suicide attempt triggers and symptoms through health education to help save lives.
Boosting 2D brain image registration via priors from large model
Authors: Lin Hao , Song Yonghong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDeformable medical image registration aims to align image pairs with local differences, improving the accuracy of medical analyses and assisting various diagnostic scenarios.PurposeWe aim to overcome these challenges: Deep learning‐based registration approaches have greatly enhanced registration speed and accuracy by continuously improving registration networks and processes. However, the lack of extensive medical datasets limits the complexity of registration models. Optimizing registration networks within a fixed dataset often leads to overfitting, hindering further accuracy improvements and reducing generalization capabilities.MethodsWe explore the application of the foundational model DINOv2 to registration tasks, leveraging its prior knowledge to support learning‐based unsupervised registration networks and overcome network bottlenecks to improve accuracy. We investigate three modes of DINOv2‐assisted registration, including direct registration architecture, enhanced architecture, and refined architecture. Additionally, we study the applicability of three feature aggregation methods—convolutional interaction, direct fusion, and cross‐attention—within the proposed DINOv2‐based registration frameworks.ResultsWe conducted extensive experiments on the IXI and OASIS public datasets, demonstrating that the enhanced and refined architectures notably improve registration accuracy, reduce data dependency, and maintain strong generalization capabilities.ConclusionThis study offers novel approaches for applying foundational models to deformable image registration tasks.
Comparison of secondary radiation dose between pencil beam scanning and scattered delivery for proton and VHEE radiotherapy
Authors: Ronga Maria Grazia , Gesualdi Flavia , Bonfrate Anthony , Patriarca Annalisa , Ferrand Régis , Créhange Gilles , Buvat Irène , De Marzi Ludovic 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundVery high‐energy electrons (VHEEs) in radiotherapy may offer several potential advantages over conventional electron beams and other techniques, for example, the fact that they can be used at ultra‐high dose rates (UHDRs), therefore enabling FLASH radiotherapy. However, the production of secondary particles at high energies (50–200 MeV) has yet to be studied in detail for this technique currently under development.PurposeThe aim of this work was to examine the secondary dose produced by VHEEs, with particular emphasis on bremsstrahlung photons and neutrons, for two beam delivery systems (double scattering [DS] and pencil beam scanning [PBS]).MethodsThe electron, X‐ray, and neutron doses arising from two beam delivery systems (DS or PBS) were computed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the TOPAS (TOol for PArticle Simulation)/Geant4 toolkit, and a preliminary assessment of the secondary dose for a clinical VHEE treatment was performed using a whole‐body phantom. An evaluation of the secondary dose produced by this preliminary design of a VHEE nozzle set in a clinical proton facility was performed, taking into account realistic PBS or DS nozzle configurations.ResultsThe mean doses received by a patient undergoing DS‐VHEE irradiation were found to be up to 5.3‐fold and 6.8‐fold higher for in‐field or out‐of‐field organs for photons and neutrons, respectively, compared to the PBS‐VHEE plan. The results for the secondary neutron dose in intracranial treatments also demonstrate the characteristic of VHEE compared to proton beams for reducing the out‐of‐field secondary neutron dose. The dose to the public area that could be delivered to meet regulatory limits surrounding a possible treatment room in a proton therapy facility was assessed. A regulatory limit of 0.5 µSv/h would give a restriction of 49 and 83 Gy per patient and per fraction for DS and PBS, respectively.ConclusionsThis work describes a method to simulate and compare secondary radiation doses resulting from scattered, scanned VHEE or proton therapy treatments. The results indicate that a conventionally shielded proton therapy room results in acceptable public doses for a preliminary VHEE design and could be of interest for radiation protection purposes and for similar setups. Other facilities with differing layouts may, however, lead to different conclusions, requiring further studies.
Multiscale Topology Optimization Applying FFT‐Based Homogenization
Authors: Matsui Masayoshi , Hoshiba Hiroya , Nishiguchi Koji , Ogura Hiroki , Kato Junji 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdvances in 3D‐printing technology have enabled the fabrication of periodic microstructures that exhibit characteristic mechanical performances. In response, multiscale topology optimization, which finds the optimal design of microstructure for the macrostructure geometry and performance requirements, has become a hot topic in the field of structural optimization. While the basic optimization framework based on the homogenization theory spanning macro and microscales is available, it is computationally expensive and not easily applicable in practical scenarios such as high‐resolution design for precision modeling and reliable design considering non‐linearities. To address this issue, we focus on a homogenization analysis using a fast Fourier transform as an alternative approach to conventional finite element analysis and develop an optimization method with fast computing speed and low memory requirements. In this paper, we define a simple stiffness maximization problem with linear elastic materials and conduct two and three‐dimensional optimization analyses to evaluate the validity and performance of the proposed method. We discuss the advantages of computational cost, the influence of the filtering process, and the appropriate setting of material contrast.
B,N‐Doped Activated Carbon‐Based Electrodes from Potato Peels for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Straten Jan Willem , Alhnidi Muhammad‐Jamal , Alchoumari Ghassan , Sangam Krishna , Kruse Andrea 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPotato peels (PPs) as waste biomass were selected as the biobased carbon source for this study, using urea as N precursor and boron trioxide as B precursor for the “in situ doping” via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). During HTC, the feedstocks decompose over a wide range of complex chemical degradation mechanisms that finally form single B‐ and N‐ as well as B,N‐co‐doped hydrochars (HCs). Upon chemical ZnCl2 activation, the single B‐doped activated carbon (AC) possessed a maximum B content of 0.2 wt%, whereas co‐doped B,N‐AC had the highest N content of 5.7 wt% with a B content of 0.1 wt%. The influence of single and B,N‐co‐doping on the physical‐chemical material properties of the AC electrodes was analyzed and compared, in combination with its effect on the electrochemical performance for energy storage application. Compared to pristine AC derived from PPs, the B‐doped and B,N‐co‐doped AC depicted increased electrical conductivity (EC) values of 50.3 S ⋅ m−1 and 34.0 S ⋅ m−1, respectively. In addition, the B,N‐co‐doped AC unveiled the highest average specific capacitances of 51.7 F ⋅ g−1 at 100 mV ⋅ s−1 and of 71.9 F ⋅ g−1 at 5 mV ⋅ s−1 outperforming the specific capacitance values of the reference material AC from peat.
Variants of Uncertain Significance in Vascular Anomalies: The Role of Reclassification
Authors: Blatt Julie , Hildebrandt Clara , Nieman Elizabeth , Adams Michael C. , McNamee Lucy , Borst Alexandra J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVascular anomalies (VA) are rare developmental disorders due to somatic variants in intracellular growth signaling pathways. Although genetic evaluation is considered the standard of care for optimizing management, the frequency of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in VA and their clinical implications are not defined.MethodsMedical records were reviewed on all patients seen in our VA clinic from January 2014 to August 2024 with vascular malformations or related disorders who had undergone genetic testing. The year and patient age at the time of genetic testing, whether testing was done on peripheral blood or involved tissue, and results were noted. Laboratory vendors were queried about policies for reclassifying VUS and selective re‐evaluations of VUS were requested.ResultsIn all, 154 patients underwent single gene or gene panel evaluations, with the number of patients tested increasing from zero in 2014 to 39 in 2023; 21 patients had testing done during the first 7 months of 2024. VUS were reported in 22 patients (14%). Many laboratory vendors maintain a policy of revisiting these nonpathogenic variants only when requested by the treating physician. Unsolicited reclassification was reported in a single patient whose VUS was found to be a normal variant. No changes were identified in six other patients whose VUS were re‐examined.ConclusionsVUS are not uncommon in VA. Reclassification may be possible as more variant‐specific data become available and more testing is performed. Centers need to be aware that reclassification efforts are not automatic and should be considered where changes in therapy might result.
Comparison of Analytical Methods Used for Standardization of Triterpenoid Saponins in Herbal Monographs Included in the Russian and Other Pharmacopeias
Authors: Frolova Larisa N. , Kovaleva Elena L. , Shelestova Valentina V. , Kuteynikov Vladislav Yu. , Flisyuk Elena V. , Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Shikov Alexander N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionHarmonization of methodological approaches to the analysis of herbal substances containing triterpenoid saponins, considered the largest group of phytochemicals, is essential for the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.ObjectivesThis review aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the requirements for the standardization of herbal substances, herbal medicinal products (HMPs), and other herbal materials containing triterpenoid saponins in the pharmacopeial texts of the Russian Federation and the world's leading pharmacopeias.Materials and MethodsThe review covers the data on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of herbal substances containing triterpenoid saponins, as presented in the State Register of Medicinal Products of Russia and the monographs of the world's leading pharmacopeias: the European Pharmacopeia, United States Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia, Japanese Pharmacopeia, and the national pharmacopeias of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) Member States.ResultsThis review compares and discusses the analytical methods used for the standardization of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds, Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem roots, Glycyrrhiza spp. roots, Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaves, and Polemonium caeruleum L. rhizomes with roots. The most common analytical methods used are (HP)TLC and (U)HPLC. The Russian Pharmacopeia also includes titrimetry and spectrophotometry.ConclusionsThe appropriate selection of a group of biologically active compounds for HMP standardization is still challenging. We believe that a rational approach to the standardization of herbal substances and HMPs should be based on the use of herbal substances with maximum extractability and specific pharmacological activity. The harmonized procedures and reference substances for the identification and assay of active metabolites in HMPs must be implemented at all stages of production control from herbal substances to finished dosage forms.
Experimental study of the effect of nanoparticles on liquid jet in airflow spinning
Authors: Tian Hongliu , Gao Ya , Zeng Lian , Wang Yudong , Sun Guangwu , Xiao Changfa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAirflow spinning involves a polymer nanocomposite solution composed of nanoparticles and a polymer solution extruded through spray holes and then blown and finely deposited by a high‐speed gas jet onto a mesh curtain to form a composite fiber material. It is widely used in various fields owing to its high efficiency. To investigate the effect of the nanoparticles on the fibers, online high‐speed camera observations were used to capture the dynamics of the liquid jets (liquid jets online and fibers when deposited on the mesh curtain) in the nozzle exit region after the addition of nanoparticles. Because the initiation and propagation of a liquid jet are three‐dimensional processes, two orthogonal planes that can provide a large amount of information regarding the motion of fiber particles were selected for observation in this study. The results indicated that the difference between the liquid‐jet diameters observed in the two planes was approximately within 20 μm. The nanoparticles accelerate the decay of the liquid‐jet diameter to different extents. Moreover, it increases the probability of defects such as shots. Additionally, we studied the effects of different nanoparticle sizes and concentrations on liquid‐jet dynamics. A new explanation for shot formation was proposed. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the three‐phase flow in the field of spinning and a solid experimental foundation for the development of composite fibers.Highlights
The diameter of the liquid jet differs by 10–20 microns in two planes.
First study of three‐phase flow with nanoparticles in air spinning.
Explained “shots” formation through experiments and simulations.
Patient and Family Caregiver Perspectives on Therapy De‐Escalation in Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hamilton Rachel , Hashemi Elham , Uthayakumar Annothayan , Liang Megan , Mayo Samantha , Parker Kellee , Jibb Lindsay 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer therapy de‐escalation aims to reduce treatment intensity, minimizing the burden of short‐ and long‐term toxicities on patients and family caregivers while maintaining current survival rates. While this approach holds potential benefits, it comes at a risk of worse patient health outcomes or treatment failure. An understanding of patient and family caregiver perspectives regarding cancer therapy de‐escalation is required to design successful patient‐and‐caregiver‐informed clinical trials, and optimally provide related patient‐centered care.AimTo identify and synthesize the literature about patient and family caregiver perspectives of cancer therapy de‐escalation to guide clinical care, research, decision‐support resources, and education.MethodsFollowing the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐methods studies involving patients of all ages and cancer diagnoses and their family caregivers that focused on perceptions of cancer therapy de‐escalation. Extracted data were organized according to the Framework for De‐implementation in Cancer Care Delivery. Study quality was appraised.ResultsTwenty studies were included. De‐escalation perspectives varied between patients and family caregivers, with factors including clinician trust and desire to improve quality of life noted as influential in de‐escalation decisions. The decision‐making process could be better supported through the provision of timely patient and family caregiver information and clinician communication training.ConclusionCancer therapy de‐escalation decisions are complex and multifactorial. Future research exploring which factors influence patient and family decision‐making may offer insight into the design of optimal informational and supportive interventions.
Advances in Permafrost Representation: Biophysical Processes in Earth System Models and the Role of Offline Models
Authors: Matthes Heidrun , Damseaux Adrien , Westermann Sebastian , Beer Christian , Boone Aaron , Burke Eleanor , Decharme Bertrand , Genet Hélène , Jafarov Elchin , Langer Moritz , Parmentier Frans‐Jan , Porada Philipp , Gagne‐Landmann Anna , Huntzinger Deborah , Rogers Brendan M. , Schädel Christina , Stacke Tobias , Wells Jon , Wieder William R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPermafrost is undergoing rapid changes due to climate warming, potentially exposing a vast reservoir of carbon to be released to the atmosphere, causing a positive feedback cycle. Despite the importance of this feedback, its specifics remain poorly constrained, because representing permafrost dynamics still poses a significant challenge for Earth System Models (ESMs). This review assesses the current state of permafrost representation in land surface models (LSMs) used in ESMs and offline permafrost models, highlighting both the progress made and the remaining gaps.We identify several key physical processes crucial for permafrost dynamics, including soil thermal regimes, freeze–thaw cycles, and soil hydrology, which are underrepresented in many models. While some LSMs have advanced significantly in incorporating these processes, others lack fundamental elements such as latent heat of freeze–thaw, deep soil columns, and Arctic vegetation dynamics. Offline permafrost models provide valuable insights, offering detailed process testing and aiding the prioritization of improvements in coupled LSMs.Our analysis reveals that while significant progress has been made in incorporating permafrost‐related processes into coupled LSMs, many small‐scale processes crucial for permafrost dynamics remain underrepresented. This is particularly important for capturing the complex interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes required to model permafrost carbon dynamics. We recommend leveraging advancements from offline permafrost models and progressively integrating them into LSMs, while recognizing the computational and technical challenges that may arise in coupled simulations. We highlight the importance of enhancing the representation of physical processes, including through improvements in model resolution and complexity, as this is a fundamental precursor to accurately incorporate biogeochemical processes and capture the permafrost carbon feedback.