bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of physical medicine and rehabilitation consultation on clinical outcomes in the surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Chaiwat Onuma , Sathitkarnmanee Benjaporn , Dajpratham Piyapat , Thanakiattiwibun Chayanan , Jarungjitaree Sunit , Rattanamung Suchera 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The impact of a physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) consultation on clinical outcomes in critically ill surgical patients remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether the patients who received PM&R consultation will demonstrate better clinical outcomes in terms of the differences in clinical outcomes including muscle mass and strength, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and functional outcomes between the PM&R consultation and no PM&R consultation and between early PM&R consultation and late PM&R consultation in critically ill surgical patients.
A prospective observational cohort study was undergone in 65-year-old or older patients who were admitted > 24 hours in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in a tertiary care hospital. Data collection included patients’ characteristic, muscle mass and muscle strength, and clinical outcomes.
Ninety surgical patients were enrolled and PM&R was consulted in 37 patients (36.7%). There was no significant difference in muscle mass and function between consulted and no consulted groups. PM&R consulted group showed worse in clinical outcomes including functional outcomes at hospital discharge, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU, and hospital LOS as compared with no PM&R consulted group. The median time of rehabilitation consultation was 6 days and there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between early (≤ 6 days) and late (> 6 days) consultation.
PM&R consultation did not improve muscle mass, functional outcomes at hospital discharge, and ICU LOS in critically ill surgical patients. The key to success might include the PM&R consultation with both intensified physical therapy and early start of mobilization or the rigid mobilization protocol.
Severe dysplasminogenemia due to homozygous PLG Ala620Thr variant in a Korean woman without a history of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Lee Beomki , Kim Suekyeung , Lee Jae Joon , Heo Seon-Hee , Chung Suryeun , Jang Shin Yi , Kim Sun-Hee , Kim Duk-Kyung , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Plasminogen plays an important role in fibrinolysis and is encoded by the PLG gene. The missense variant PLG Ala620Thr is the major cause of dysplasminogenemia in East Asian countries, including Korea. Although dysplasminogenemia was first reported in a Japanese patient with recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), subsequent studies have not demonstrated any clear association between the PLG Ala620Thr variant and the risk of VTE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a homozygous PLG Ala620Thr variant case from Korea.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report a Korean family with PLG Ala620Thr mutation. The proband was a 34-year-old man who presented with multiple thrombotic arterial embolism and cardiac myxoma.

Interventions:
Laboratory workup, including coagulation profile and PLG gene sequencing, was carried out for the affected family.

Diagnosis and Outcome:
The proband carried a heterozygous PLG Ala620Thr variant with decreased plasminogen activity of 65%. His 53-year-old mother, who had no reported history of VTE, was homozygous for the PLG Ala620Thr variant with decreased plasminogen activity of just 25%. Decreased plasminogen activity indicates dysplasminogenemia.

Lessons:
We believe that this clinically silent homozygous case supports the previous findings that isolated PLG Ala620Thr variant does not confer a significant risk of VTE.
Identification of risk factors involved in recurrence after common bile duct stone removal with ERCP
Authors: Akay Tamer , Sari Erdem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recurrent stone detection is common after endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for recurrence of CBDS.
We retrospectively evaluated 14 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for CBDS. Risk factors for single and multiple recurrent CBDSs were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.
Endoscopic and needle-knife precut sphincterotomy was performed in 506 and 112 patients, respectively. There was 1 recurrence in 85 patients (13.8%), 2 recurrences in 23 patients (3.7%), and 3 recurrences in 9 patients (1.5%). According to the multivariate analyses, being older than 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.084, P = .000), concomitant heart disease (OR 2.528, P = .002), concomitant lung disease (OR 1.766, P = .035), a large common bile duct diameter (OR 1.347, P = .000), presence of cholelithiasis (OR 1.752, P = .018), stent (OR 1.794, P = .023), or T-tube placement in the common bile duct (OR 47.385, P = .000), and prolongation of the procedure (OR 1.037, P = .000) increased the risk of recurrence, while having undergone cholecystectomy due to gallstones (OR 1.645, P = .042). The mean stone diameter (P = .059), nitroglycerin use (P = .129), and periampullary diverticulum (P = .891) did not increase the risk of recurrent CBDS.
The probability of multiple recurrences after the first recurrence of CBDS increased with age >65 years, concomitant heart/lung diseases, stent/T-tube placement in the common bile duct, a wide common bile duct (≥10 mm), and cholelithiasis.
Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effect of Frankincense Essential Oil in Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Reis Debra , Throne Tisha , Keller Joan , Koffel Christa , Chen Tian , Young-McCaughan Stacey 
Published: March 2022

Background
Increasingly, patients with cancer are using essential oils as a complementary therapy to reduce the adverse effects of cancer treatment, such as fatigue. Although essential oils have few adverse effects, little is known about the effectiveness of individual oils for specific symptoms. Frankincense is one such oil that has been identified as a possible supportive therapy for cancer-related fatigue.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine if frankincense applied to the soles of the feet before, during, and after chemotherapy affects patients’ perceptions of chemotherapy-related fatigue compared with control (carrier oil without frankincense).

Methods
Randomized clinical trial in which participants were blinded to treatment condition. The main outcome variable was fatigue.

Results
Seventy patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer were randomized to apply frankincense or control oil to their feet twice a day 2 days before receiving chemotherapy, while receiving chemotherapy, and 2 days after chemotherapy. No statistically significant changes in fatigue were found over time or between groups. Baseline fatigue was the only predictor of posttreatment fatigue.

Conclusions
Although no statistically significant changes in fatigue were found over time or between groups, important insights were gained that can inform the design of future research.

Implications for Practice
The use of essential oils as a complementary therapy to reduce adverse effects of cancer treatment is gaining popularity, and nurses may receive questions about the use of essential oils. No evidence to support the use of frankincense in the treatment of fatigue in patients receiving chemotherapy was found in this study.
Prescription opioid-related alterations to amygdalar and thalamic functional networks in chronic knee pain: A retrospective case control resting-state connectivity study
Authors: Drabek Marianne Marta , Cottam William Joseph , Iwabuchi Sarina Jennifer , Tadjibaev Arman , Mohammadi-Nejad Ali-Reza , Auer Dorothee P 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveLong-term opioid use is associated with diminished pain relief, hyperalgesia, and addiction which is not well understood. This study aimed to characterise opioid-related brain network alterations in chronic pain, focused on the right amygdala, and left mediodorsal thalamic nuclei that play key roles in affective pain processing, and are particularly rich in mu opioid receptors (MOR).SubjectsParticipants on opioid prescriptions with painful knee osteoarthritis and matched non-opioid using control pain participants.Methods and designSeed-based functional connectivity (FC) maps from resting-state fMRI data were compared between groups.ResultsWe found right amygdala hyperconnectivity with the posterior default mode network (pDMN) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in opioid users in contrast to anti-correlations in controls. Conversely, opioid users showed predominant hypoconnectivity of the left dorsomedial thalamic seed with the cingulate cortex except for the subgenual part displaying an anti-correlation in opioid users and no association in non-users. Opioid users also showed higher negative affect in exploratory post-hoc tests suggesting a potential contribution of trait anxiety to amygdala-pDMN FC alteration.ConclusionOpioid use related hyperconnectivity of the right amygdalar network likely reflects maladaptive mechanisms involving negative affect and network plasticity. Hypoconnectivity of the mediodorsal thalamic nuclei with the anterior and mid cingulate on the other hand may reflect impaired resilience in line with previously reported compensatory MOR upregulation. In conclusion, this study provides new insight into possible brain mechanisms underlying adverse effects of prolonged opioids in chronic pain and offer candidate network targets for novel interventions.
Predicting missed health care visits during the COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning methods: Evidence from 55,500 individuals from 28 European Countries
Authors: Reuter Anna , Smolić Šime , Bärnighausen Till , Sudharsanan Nikkil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led many individuals to miss essential care. Machine-learning models that predict which patients are at greatest risk of missing care visits can help health administrators prioritize retentions efforts towards patients with the most need. Such approaches may be especially useful for efficiently targeting interventions for health systems overburdened by the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe compare the performance of four machine learning algorithms to predict missed health care visits based on common patient characteristics available to most health care providers. We use data from 55,500 respondents of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) COVID-19 survey (June – September 2020) in conjunction with longitudinal data from waves 1-8 (April 2004 – March 2020). We use stepwise selection, group lasso, random forest and neural network algorithms and employ 5-fold cross-validation to test the prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the selected models.FindingsWithin our sample, 15.5% of the respondents reported any missed essential health care visit due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All four machine learning methods perform similarly in their predictive power. When classifying all individuals with a predicted probability for missed care above 17% as at risk of a missed visit, they correctly identify between 41% and 53% of the respondents at risk, while correctly identifying between 74% and 64% of the individuals not at risk. We find that the sensitivity and specificity of the models are strongly related to the risk threshold used to classify individuals; thus, the models can be calibrated depending on users’ resource constraints and targeting approach. All models had an area under the curve around 0.62, indicating that they outperform random prediction.InterpretationPandemics such as COVID-19 require rapid and efficient responses to reduce disruptions in health care. Based on characteristics available to health insurance providers, machine learning algorithms can be used to efficiently target efforts to reduce missed essential care.FundingResearch in this article is a part of the European Union’s H2020 SHARE-COVID19 project (Grant Agreement No. 101015924).
A gain-of-function GRIA2 variant associated with neurodevelopmental delay and seizures: functional characterization and targeted treatment
Authors: Coombs Ian D. , Ziobro Julie , Krotov Volodymyr , Surtees Taryn-Leigh , Cull-Candy Stuart G. , Farrant Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels formed as different combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by the genes GRIA1-4. Various pathogenic variants of these genes have been described in patients with developmental delay, intellectual disability, autistic spectrum disorder and seizures. Here we report a heterozygous de novo pathogenic missense mutation in GRIA2 (c.1928 C>T, p.A643V) identified in a one-year-old male patient with seizures, developmental delay and failure to thrive. Electrophysiological investigation of heterologously expressed receptors showed GluA2 A643V to exhibit greatly slowed deactivation, and a markedly reduced extent of desensitization, compared with wild-type GluA2. When GluA2 A643V was coexpressed with the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein (TARP) γ2, or with both GluA1 and γ2 to generate TARPed heteromeric receptors, the slowed deactivation and decreased desensitization persisted. We found that the AMPAR negative allosteric modulator perampanel was able to fully block currents from GluA2 A643V/γ2 receptors, albeit with reduced potency compared with wild-type GluA2/γ2. The introduction of perampanel to the patient’s treatment regimen, alongside a modified Atkins diet, was associated with a marked reduction in seizure number, a resolution of failure to thrive, and clear developmental gains. Our study suggests that AMPAR gain-of-function (GoF) underlies the effect of the GRIA2 variant in our patient, and that perampanel may be beneficial in other patients with GRIA GoF variants.Author summaryRapid communication between brain cells is mediated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Mutations affecting genes that encode glutamate-gated ion channels can result in neurodevelopmental disorders and seizures. In a young male patient, we identified a mutation in the gene responsible for production of GluA2, a key subunit of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. We showed that receptors containing GluA2 produced by this GRIA2 A643V variant were more sensitive to glutamate and gave rise to unusually prolonged or sustained responses, thus causing ‘gain-of-function’. We found that receptors affected by this mutation could, nonetheless, be inhibited by the AMPA receptor-targeting antiseizure medication, perampanel. Prompted by this finding we introduced perampanel alongside the patient’s ongoing antiseizure medication. This coincided with a decrease in the patient’s seizures and clear developmental gains. Taken together, our findings suggest that a GRIA2 gain-of-function mutation can cause neurological disease, that perampanel can be used to directly counteract the effect of the mutation, and that it may be beneficial in other GRIA gain-of-function patients.
Exploring the experiences of loneliness in adults with mental health problems: a participatory qualitative interview study
Authors: Birken Mary , Chipp Beverley , Shah Prisha , Olive Rachel Rowan , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Hardy Jackie , Chhapia Anjie , Barber Nick , Lee Stephen , Pearce Eiluned , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Perkins Rosie , McDaid David , Shafran Roz , Pitman Alexandra , Johnson Sonia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany mental health conditions are associated with loneliness, which is both a potential trigger and an exacerbating factor in mental health conditions. Richer evidence about how people with mental health problems experience loneliness, and about what exacerbates or alleviates it, is needed to underpin research on strategies to help with loneliness in this context.MethodsOur aim was to explore experiences of loneliness, as well as what contributes to or helps address it, among a diverse sample of adults living with mental health problems in the UK. We recruited purposively via online networks and community organisations. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 59 consenting participants by video call or telephone. Researchers with relevant lived experience were involved at all stages, including design, data collection, analysis and writing up of results.FindingsAnalysis led to identification of four overarching themes: 1. What the word “lonely” meant to participants, 2. Contributory factors to ongoing loneliness, 3. Connections between loneliness & mental health, 4. Ways of reducing loneliness. Central aspects of loneliness were lack of meaningful connections with others and lack of a sense of belonging to valued groups and communities. Some drivers of loneliness, such as losses and transitions, were universal, but specific links were made between living with mental health problems and being lonely. These included direct effects of psychiatric symptoms, the need to withdraw to cope with mental health problems, and impacts of stigma and poverty.ConclusionsThe multiplicity of contributors to loneliness that we identified, and of potential strategies for reducing it, suggest that a variety of approaches are relevant to reducing loneliness among people with mental health problems, including peer support and supported self-help, psychological and social interventions, and strategies to facilitate change at community and societal levels. The views and experiences of adults living with mental health problems are a rich source for understanding why loneliness is a frequent experience in this context and what may address it. Co-produced approaches to developing and testing interventions have potential to draw on this experiential knowledge in formulating effective approaches to loneliness.
Personalised structural connectomics for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Imms Phoebe , Clemente Adam , Deutscher Evelyn , Radwan Ahmed M. , Akhlaghi Hamed , Beech Paul , Wilson Peter H , Irimia Andrei , Poudel Govinda , Domínguez D Juan F , Caeyenberghs Karen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGraph theoretical analysis of the structural connectome has been employed successfully to characterise brain network alterations in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, heterogeneity in neuropathology is a well-known issue in the TBI population, such that group comparisons of patients against controls are confounded by within-group variability. Recently, novel single-subject profiling approaches have been developed to capture inter-patient heterogeneity. We present a personalised connectomics approach that examines structural brain alterations in six chronic patients with moderate-to-severe TBI who underwent anatomical and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We generated individualised profiles of lesion characteristics and network measures (including personalised graph metric ‘GraphMe’ plots, and nodal and edge-based brain network alterations) and compared them against healthy reference cases (N=12) to assess brain damage qualitatively and quantitatively at the individual level. Our findings revealed clinically significant alterations of brain networks with high variability between patients. Our profiling can be used by clinicians to formulate a neuroscience-guided integrative rehabilitation program for TBI patients, and for designing personalised rehabilitation protocols based on their unique lesion load and connectome.
Systematic hyper-variation and evolution at a lipopolysaccharide locus in the population of Xanthomonas species that infect rice and sugarcane
Authors: Singh Anu , Bansal Kanika , Kumar Sanjeet , Patil Prabhu B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdvent of high throughput sequencing and population genomics is enabling researchers to investigate selection pressure at hyper-variable genomic loci encoding pathogen-associated molecular patter (PAMP) molecules like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an unprecedented manner. Xanthomonas is a model group of phytopathogenic bacteria that infects host in tissue-specific manner. Our in-depth investigation revealed that the successful emergence of lineages infecting major cereals and grasses like rice, sugarcane, and wheat was mediated by acquisition and later replacement of an ancestral type (BXO8) of LPS cassette by distinct one. In the population of the rice xylem pathogen, X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the BXO8 is replaced by a distinct BXO1 type of cassette. Alternatively, in diverse Xanthomonas species that infect sugarcane, the BXO8 ancestral cassette has been replaced by yet another kind of Xvv type of LPS cassette, suggesting convergent evolution at an LPS locus mediated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. Aside from xylem, two closely related lineages of X. oryzae that infect parenchyma tissue of rice and Leersia hexandra grass have acquired an LPS cassette from Xanthomonas pathogens that infect citrus, walnut, and strawberry parenchyma, indicating yet another instance of parallel evolution facilitated by HGT. Our targeted and mega-population-based genome dynamic studies revealed potential role of acquisition of specific types of LPS cassettes in the emergence and evolution of tissue specificity in Xanthomonas. Additional cellular, molecular, genetic, and plant studies will help us figure out how a distinct type of LPS help Xanthomonas pathovars and lineages adapt to parenchyma and xylem tissues.
Rpadrino: an R package to access and use PADRINO, an open access database of Integral Projection Models
Authors: Levin Sam C. , Evers Sanne , Potter Tomos , Guerrero Mayra Peña , Childs Dylan Z. , Compagnoni Aldo , Knight Tiffany M. , Salguero-Gómez Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiscrete time structured population projection models are an important tool for studying population dynamics. Within this field, Integral Projection Models (IPMs) have become a popular method for studying populations structured by continuously distributed traits(e.g.height, weight). Databases of discrete time, discrete state structured population models, for example DATLife (life tables) and COMPADRE & COMADRE (matrix population models), have made quantitative syntheses straightforward to implement. These efforts allow researchers to address questions in both basic and applied ecology and evolutionary biology. There are now over 300 peer-reviewed publications containing IPMs. We describe a novel framework to quickly reconstruct these models for subsequent analyses usingRpadrino Rpackage, which serves as an interface to PADRINO, a new database of structured population models.We introduce an R package,Rpadrino,which enables users to download, subset, reconstruct, and extend published IPMs.Rpadrinomakes use of recently created software,ipmr,to provide an engine to reconstruct a wide array of IPMs from their symbolic representations and conduct subsequent analyses.Rpadrinoandipmrare extensively documented to help users learn their usage.Rpadrinocurrently enables users to reconstruct 280 IPMs from 40 publications that describe the demography of 14 animal and 26 plant species. All of these IPMs are tested to ensure they reproduce published estimates.Rpadrinoprovides an interface to augment PADRINO with external data and modify parameter values, creating a platform to extend models beyond their original purpose while retaining full reproducibility.PADRINO andRpadrinoprovide a toolbox for asking new questions and conducting syntheses with peer-reviewed published IPMs.Rpadrinoprovides a user-friendly interface so researchers do not need to worry about the database structure or syntax, and can focus on their research questions and analyses. Additionally,Rpadrinois thoroughly documented, and provides numerous examples of how to perform analyses which are not included in the package’s functionality.