bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Wir waren alle in einer speziellen Situation“ – Die Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Spezialisierte ambulante Palliativversorgung
Authors: Kaiser Ulrich , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Kalteis Martin , Hoffmann Ana , Schmidt Jörg , Kaiser Florian 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie (z. B. Schutzmaßnahmen, digitale Kommunikation) auf die Versorgungsrealität in der SAPV sollen aus Sicht von Mitarbeitern aus SAPV, Pflegeheimen und Hospizen untersucht werden.
Methodik Insgesamt wurden jeweils 10 Mitarbeiter aus einer SAPV bzw. Leitungskräfte von Pflegeheimen/Hospiz mittels qualitativer Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgt mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.
Ergebnisse Neue Schutzmaßnahmen waren für das SAPV-Team sehr bedeutsam. In der SAPV treten Belastungen v. a. durch Abstandsregelungen und erhöhte Arbeitsbelastungen auf. Zu digitalen Kommunikationsformen äußerte sich die Mehrzahl der Befragten positiv, persönlicher Kontakt (zu Patienten/zwischen Fachpersonal) bleibt wichtig.
Schlussfolgerung Schutzmaßnahmen führen im Bereich Patientenversorgung und im Team zur Mehrbelastung, vermitteln aber Sicherheit und tragen zur Stressreduktion bei. COVID-19 kann zur Diagnoseverschiebung in der SAPV und zur engeren Zusammenarbeit mit Hausärzten führen.
Positron charge sensing using a double-gated graphene field effect transistor
Authors: Or Paz , Devidas T. R. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Sabo-Napadesky Iris , May-Tal Beck Sharon , Ron Guy , Steinberg Hadar 
Published: January 2022

We utilize a high-mobility double-gated graphene field-effect transistor to measure the accumulated charge created by positron annihilation in its back-gate. The device consists of an exfoliated graphene flake stacked between two hexagonal boron nitride flakes placed on a 1 cm2 substrate of 500 μm thick conducting p-doped Si capped by 285 nm-thick SiO2. The device is placed in close proximity to a 780 kBq 22Na positron source emitting a constant flux of positrons. During the measurement, positrons annihilate within the back-gate, kept floating using a low-capacitance relay. The accumulated positive charge capacitively couples to the graphene device and builds a positive voltage, detectable through a shift in the top-gate dependent graphene resistance characteristic. The shift in the position of the top-gate Dirac peak is then used for extracting the exact voltage buildup and quantitative evaluation of the accumulated charge. Reaching a positron current sensitivity of ∼1.2 fA/Hz, detected over 20 min, our results demonstrate the utility of two-dimensional layered materials as probes for charging dynamics of positrons in solids.
Excitation localization in a trimeric perylenediimide macrocycle: Synthesis, theory, and single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Hauschildt Simon J. , Wu Zehua , Uersfeld Daniel , Schmid Paul , Götz Christian , Engel Volker , Engels Bernd , Müllen Klaus , Basché Thomas 
Published: January 2022

A novel trimeric perylenediimide (PDI) macrocycle was synthesized, and its intramolecular electronic couplings were investigated by bulk and single-molecule optical spectroscopy and by various theoretical approaches. In polarization-resolved excitation spectroscopy at 1.2 K in a PMMA matrix, the appearance and disappearance of the three zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) of an individual trimer by changing the polarization in steps of 60° nicely reflect an approximate triangular geometry of the macrocycle and indicate localized excitations that are transferred by incoherent hopping processes at time scales of around 1 ps as inferred from the ZPL linewidths. The electronic coupling strength deduced from the low temperature data is found to be in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Bulk spectroscopy in toluene at room temperature indicates that the excitations are also localized under these conditions. Theory reveals that the reasons for the localized nature of the excitations at room and low temperatures are different. For a rigid macrocycle, the excitations are predicted to be delocalized, but molecular dynamics simulations point to considerable structural flexibility at ambient temperatures, which counteracts excitation delocalization. At 1.2 K in a PMMA matrix, this effect is too small to lead to localization. Yet, supported by simple model calculations, the disorder in the PMMA host induces sufficient differences between the PDI chromophores, which again result in localized excitations. By addressing crucial aspects of excitation energy transfer, our combined approach provides a detailed and quantitative account of the interchromophore communication in a trimeric macrocycle.
On polarization
Authors: Baer Brian James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ideological incommensurability of the worldviews or master narratives represented by the two opposing superpowers during the Cold War and embodied in the image of an impenetrable iron curtain gave particular salience to translation theory while also questioning the very possibility of translation. At the same time, the neoimperialist projects of the two superpowers produced startlingly similar approaches to the instrumentalization of translation as a vehicle for propaganda and diplomacy. Presenting polarization as a distinct state of semiosis, the effects of which are highly unpredictable, this article explores the various ways in which the radical polarization of the Cold War shaped the theory and practice of translation both within and across the ideological divide. Plotting the entanglements of the light and dark sides of translation during this time challenges traditional histories of the field that construe the period as one of progress and liberation.
Chromosomal imbalances detected via RNA-sequencing in 28 cancers
Authors: Ozcan Zuhal , San Lucas Francis A , Wong Justin W , Chang Kyle , Stopsack Konrad H , Fowler Jerry , Jakubek Yasminka A , Scheet Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of tumor tissue is typically only used to measure gene expression. Here, we present a statistical approach that leverages existing RNA-seq data to also detect somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), a pervasive phenomenon in human cancers, without a need to sequence the corresponding DNA.

Results
We present an analysis of 4942 participant samples from 28 cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), demonstrating robust detection of SCNAs from RNA-seq. Using genotype imputation and haplotype information, our RNA-based method had a median sensitivity of 85% to detect SCNAs defined by DNA analysis, at high specificity (∼95%). As an example of translational potential, we successfully replicated SCNA features associated with breast cancer subtypes. Our results credential haplotype-based inference based on RNA-seq to detect SCNAs in clinical and population-based settings.

Availability and implementation
The analyses presented use the data publicly available from TCGA Research Network (http://cancergenome.nih.gov/). See Methods for details regarding data downloads. hapLOHseq software is freely available under The MIT license and can be downloaded from http://scheet.org/software.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
COPD is associated with increased pro-inflammatory CD28null CD8 T and NKT-like cells in the small airways
Authors: Hodge Greg , Jersmann Hubertus , Tran Hai B , Asare Patrick F , Jayapal Minnu , Reynolds Paul N , Holmes Mark , Hodge Sandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We previously showed increased steroid-resistant CD28null CD8+ senescent lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These cells expressed decreased levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR), suggesting their contribution to the steroid-resistant property of these cells. COPD is a disease of the small airways (SA). We, therefore, hypothesized that there would be a further increase in these steroid-resistant lymphocytes in the lung, particularly in the SA. We further hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic potential of these cells could be negated using prednisolone with low-dose cyclosporin A. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, large proximal, and small distal airway brushings were collected from 11 patients with COPD and 10 healthy aged-matched controls. The cytotoxic mediator granzyme b, pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ/TNFα, and GCR were determined in lymphocytes subsets before and after their exposure to 1µM prednisolone and/or 2.5 ng/mL cyclosporin A. Particularly in the SA, COPD subjects showed an increased percentage of CD28null CD8 T-cells and NKT-like cells, with increased expression of granzyme b, IFNγ and TNFα and a loss of GCR, compared with controls. Significant negative correlations between SA GCR expression and IFNγ/TNFα production by T and NKT-like cells (eg, T-cell IFNγ R = −0.834, P = 0.031) and with FEV1 (R = −0.890) were shown. Cyclosporine A and prednisolone synergistically increased GCR expression and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production by CD28null CD8− T and NKT-like cells. COPD is associated with increased pro-inflammatory CD28null CD8+ T and NKT-like cells in the SA. Treatments that increase GCR in these lymphocyte subsets may improve the efficacy of clinical treatment.
Evaluation of Serum Mucorales Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Diagnosis of Mucormycoses: The MODIMUCOR Prospective Trial
Authors: Millon Laurence , Caillot Denis , Berceanu Ana , Bretagne Stéphane , Lanternier Fanny , Morio Florent , Letscher-Bru Valérie , Dalle Frédéric , Denis Blandine , Alanio Alexandre , Boutoille David , Bougnoux Marie Elisabeth , Botterel Françoise , Chouaki Taieb , Charbonnier Amandine , Ader Florence , Dupont Damien , Bellanger Anne Pauline , Rocchi Steffi , Scherer Emeline , Gbaguidi-Haore Houssein , Herbrecht Raoul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of specific antifungal treatment are essential for improving the prognosis of mucormycosis. We aimed to assess the performance of serum Mucorales quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the early diagnosis and follow-up of mucormycosis.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 232 patients with suspicion of invasive mold disease, evaluated using standard imaging and mycological procedures. Thirteen additional patients with proven or probable mucormycosis were included to analyze DNA load kinetics. Serum samples were collected twice-a-week for Mucorales qPCR tests targeting the Mucorales genera Lichtheimia, Rhizomucor, and Mucor/Rhizopus.

Results
The sensitivity was 85.2%, specificity 89.8%, and positive and negative likelihood ratios 8.3 and 0.17, respectively in this prospective study. The first Mucorales qPCR-positive serum was observed a median of 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 0–9) before sampling of the first mycological or histological positive specimen and a median of one day (IQR, −2 to 6) before the first imaging was performed. Negativity of Mucorales qPCR within seven days after liposomal-amphotericin B initiation was associated with an 85% lower 30-day mortality rate (adjusted hazard ratio = 0·15, 95% confidence interval [.03–.73], P = .02).

Conclusions
Our study argues for the inclusion of qPCR for the detection of circulating Mucorales DNA for mucormycosis diagnosis and follow-up after treatment initiation. Positive results should be added to the criteria for the consensual definitions from the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORTC/MSGERC), as already done for Aspergillus PCR.
The evolution of larger size in high-altitude Drosophila melanogaster has a variable genetic architecture
Authors: Sprengelmeyer Quentin D , Lack Justin B , Braun Dylan T , Monette Matthew J , Pool John E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Important uncertainties persist regarding the genetic architecture of adaptive trait evolution in natural populations, including the number of genetic variants involved, whether they are drawn from standing genetic variation, and whether directional selection drives them to complete fixation. Here, we take advantage of a unique natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from the Ethiopian highlands, which has evolved larger body size than any other known population of this species. We apply a bulk segregant quantitative trait locus mapping approach to 4 unique crosses between highland Ethiopian and lowland Zambian populations for both thorax length and wing length. Results indicated a persistently variable genetic basis for these evolved traits (with largely distinct sets of quantitative trait loci for each cross), and at least a moderately polygenic architecture with relatively strong effects present. We complemented these mapping experiments with population genetic analyses of quantitative trait locus regions and gene ontology enrichment analysis, generating strong hypotheses for specific genes and functional processes that may have contributed to these adaptive trait changes. Finally, we find that the genetic architectures indicated by our quantitative trait locus mapping results for size traits mirror those from similar experiments on other recently evolved traits in this species. Collectively, these studies suggest a recurring pattern of polygenic adaptation in this species, in which causative variants do not approach fixation and moderately strong effect loci are present.
Influence of Sex, Smoking and Age on Human hprt Mutation Frequencies and Spectra
Authors: Curry John , Karnaoukhova Larissa , Guenette Gabriel C , Glickman Barry W 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExamination of the literature for hprt mutant frequencies from peripheral T cells yielded data from 1194 human subjects. Relationships between mutant frequency, age, sex, and smoking were examined, and the kinetics were described. Mutant frequency increases rapidly with age until about age 15. Afterward, the rate of increase falls such that after age 53, the hprt mutant frequency is largely stabilized. Sex had no effect on mutant frequency. Cigarette smoking increased mean mutant frequency compared to nonsmokers, but did not alter age vs. mutant frequency relationships. An hprt in vivo mutant database containing 795 human hprt mutants from 342 individuals was prepared. No difference in mutational spectra was observed comparing smokers to nonsmokers, confirming previous reports. Sex affected the frequency of deletions (&gt;1 bp) that are recovered more than twice as frequently in females (P = 0.008) compared to males. There is no indication of a significant shift in mutational spectra with age for individuals older than 19 yr, with the exception of A:T → C:G transversions. These events are recovered more frequently in older individuals.
Meta-analysis Integrated With Multi-omics Data Analysis to Elucidate Pathogenic Mechanisms of Age-Related Knee Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Iijima Hirotaka , Gilmer Gabrielle , Wang Kai , Sivakumar Sruthi , Evans Christopher , Matsui Yusuke , Ambrosio Fabrisia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Increased mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is needed to develop efficacious disease-modifying treatments. Though age-related pathogenic mechanisms are most relevant to the majority of clinically presenting KOA, the bulk of our mechanistic understanding of KOA has been derived using surgically induced posttraumatic OA (PTOA) models. Here, we took an integrated approach of meta-analysis and multi-omics data analysis to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of age-related KOA in mice. Protein-level data were integrated with transcriptomic profiling to reveal inflammation, autophagy, and cellular senescence as primary hallmarks of age-related KOA. Importantly, the molecular profiles of cartilage aging were unique from those observed following PTOA, with less than 3% overlap between the 2 models. At the nexus of the 3 aging hallmarks, advanced glycation end product (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE) emerged as the most statistically robust pathway associated with age-related KOA. This pathway was further supported by analysis of mass spectrometry data. Notably, the change in AGE–RAGE signaling over time was exclusively observed in male mice, suggesting sexual dimorphism in the pathogenesis of age-induced KOA in murine models. Collectively, these findings implicate dysregulation of AGE–RAGE signaling as a sex-dependent driver of age-related KOA.
Dashboard-Driven Accelerated Infliximab Induction Dosing Increases Infliximab Durability and Reduces Immunogenicity
Authors: Dubinsky Marla C , Mendiolaza Michelle L , Phan Becky L , Moran Hunter R , Tse Stacy S , Mould Diane R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Accelerated infliximab (IFX) induction is often based on clinical parameters as opposed to pharmacokinetics (PK). We aimed to investigate the impact of dashboard-guided optimized induction dosing on IFX durability and immunogenicity in a real-world inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) setting.

Methods
Pediatric and adult IBD patients were enrolled in a prospective single arm intervention trial. Cumulative data from each infusion (INF), weight, albumin, C-reactive protein, IFX dose, IFX trough level, and antidrug antibody presence were used to inform subsequent INF dosing. Forecasts driven by adaptive Bayesian modeling were generated to maintain trough levels for the third (INF3) and fourth (INF4) infusions of 17 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively. The primary outcome was proportion of patients prescribed accelerated dosing (AD) intervals by INF3 (&lt;22 days) or INF4 (&lt;49 days). Secondary outcomes included week 52 clinical and PK outcomes. Multivariate analyses and Kaplan-Meier curves compared outcomes based on adherence to dashboard forecasts.

Results
Of the 180 per-protocol population, AD was forecast for 41% (INF3) and 69% (INF4) of patients with median intervals of 17 (INF3) and 39 (INF4) days. Baseline age &gt;18 years, albumin &gt;3.5 g/L, and 10-mg/kg dose were independently associated with lower rates of AD by INF4. Nonadherence with the INF4 forecast (n = 39) was an independent predictor of antidrug antibody (P &lt; .0001) and IFX discontinuation (P = .0006). A total of 119 of 123 patients on IFX at week 52 were in steroid-free remission.

Conclusions
The application of a PK dashboard during induction can optimize dosing early to improve IFX durability and immunogenicity.
AreMostandMore Than HalfTruth-Conditionally Equivalent?
Authors: Denić Milica , Szymanik Jakub 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantifying determiners most and more than half are standardly assumed to have the same truth-conditional meaning. Much work builds on this assumption in studying how the two quantifiers are mentally encoded and processed (Hackl, 2009; Lidz et al., 2011; Pietroski et al., 2009; Steinert-Threlkeld et al., 2015; Szymanik & Zajenkowski, 2010; Talmina et al., 2017). There is however empirical evidence that most is sometimes interpreted as ‘significantly more than half’ (Ariel, 2003, 2004; Ramotowska et al., 2020; Solt, 2011, 2016). Is this difference between most and more than half a pragmatic effect, or is the standard assumption that the two quantifiers are truth-conditionally equivalent wrong? We report two experiments which demonstrate that most preserves the ‘significantly more than half’ interpretation in negative environments, which we argue to speak in favor of there being a difference between the two quantifiers at the level of truth conditions.
Cryopreserved aortic homograft, lifeline treatment for infected vascular prosthesis with mediastinal abscess in a re-redo case
Authors: Rufa Magdalena , Ursulescu Adrian , Stan Alina , Göbel Nora , Albert Marc , Franke Ulrich F W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report about a 61-year-old man who, 6 years after initial uncomplicated mitral valve repair and 3 months after treatment of a pseudo-aneurysm of the ascending aorta with a Dacron patch, was admitted in our institution with an infection of the vascular graft, which was associated with sternal osteomyelitis and purulent cutaneous fistula. In a re-redo procedure, the proximal aortic arch and the ascending aorta were replaced with a cryopreserved aortic homograft. The infected part of the sternum was resected and the defect was covered by mobilizing the mediastinal tissue and with a bilateral muscle flap. The patient was discharged 20 days after surgery. This treatment concept outlines the benefit of cryopreserved aortic homograft when faced with a complex thoracic aortic infection.
Cerebral metastases of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Bathini Abhijith , Kusyk Dorian M , Stabingas Kristen , Kujawski Brandon , Ahn Janice , Williamson Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma represents a rare etiology of lung cancer metastasis to the brain. Neurologically symptomatic presentations are extremely rare as these metastatic lesions are detected in the late stages of the disease. Despite many highly heterogenous treatment techniques reported in the literature, overall survival is poor. A 72-year-old male with a history of mesothelioma presented with recurrent episodes of altered mental status, confusion and expressive aphasia. Imaging indicated a large hemorrhagic, enhancing lesion in the anterior left frontal lobe resulting in midline shift of 6 mm. He underwent a left frontal craniotomy for resection, after which he had complete resolution of symptoms. The resected mass was metastatic high-grade malignant mesothelioma. On a 1-month follow-up, new lesions in the bilateral frontal lobes were discovered, and despite undergoing adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery, the right one grew significantly, causing notable mass effect. The patient successfully underwent a right craniotomy for resection.
Epoch of reionization parameter estimation with the 21-cm bispectrum
Authors: Watkinson Catherine A , Greig Bradley , Mesinger Andrei 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the first application of the isosceles bispectrum to MCMC parameter inference from the cosmic 21-cm signal. We extend the MCMC sampler 21CMMC to use the fast bispectrum code, BiFFT, when computing the likelihood. We create mock 1000-h observations with SKA1-low, using pyObs21 to account for uv-sampling and thermal noise. Assuming the spin temperature is much higher than that of the cosmic microwave background, we consider two different reionization histories for our mock observations: fiducial and late-reionization. For both models we find that bias on the inferred parameter means and 1σ credible intervals can be substantially reduced by using the isosceles bispectrum (calculated for a wide range of scales and triangle shapes) together with the power spectrum (as opposed to just using one of the statistics). We find that making the simplifying assumption of a Gaussian likelihood with a diagonal covariance matrix does not notably bias parameter constraints for the three-parameter reionization model and basic instrumental effects considered here. This is true even if we use extreme (unlikely) initial conditions which would be expected to amplify biases. We also find that using the cosmic variance error calculated with Monte Carlo simulations using the fiducial model parameters while assuming the late-reionization model for the simulated data also does not strongly bias the inference. This implies we may be able to sparsely sample and interpolate the cosmic variance error over the parameter space, substantially reducing computational costs. All codes used in this work are publicly available.