bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the chemical compounds of Shuchazao tea flowers at different developmental stages and in young shoots using 1H NMR-based metabolomics
Authors: Ye Hong , Hu Jingwei , Peng Su , Zong Wenming , Zhang Shuang , Tong Lin , Cao Chen , Liu Zenghui , Xie Zhongwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chemical compounds in tea leaves have been extensively explored in recent decades. However, the compounds in tea flowers have not been fully investigated. In present study, the main chemical compounds in tea flowers were identified at four developmental stages using non-targeted metabonomics based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and an automatic amino acid analyzer, and compared with those in young tea shoots. The results showed significant differences in catechins, sugars, organic acids and amino acids between tea flowers and young shoots. The concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and caffeine were significantly lower (p < 0.01) and sugar content significantly higher (p < 0.01) in flowers than in young shoots. Caffeine and β-glucose gradually decreased and sucrose constantly increased during flower development; α-glucose and fructose were most concentrated in the white bud and then decreased with flower development. Tea flowers contained more succinic acid, citric acid, and chlorogenic acid but less quinic acid and malic acid than young shoots. Both tea flowers and young tea shoots contained 20 common amino acids, including 7 essential ones. The concentration of amino acids was highest in the white bud (27.66 mg/g); young tea shoots contained significantly more L-theanine than tea flowers (p < 0.01). Our data indicate that the different stages of tea flowers have a set of characteristic chemical compounds and are potentially useful for functional foods.
Graphical abstract
Design of a structurally welded/adhesively bonded joint between a fiber metal laminate and a steel plate for marine applications
Authors: de Vicente Mario , Silva-Campillo Arturo , Herreros Miguel Ángel , Suárez-Bermejo Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShipbuilding with steel elements has changed little over the past 100 years. The introduction of hybrid materials has led to certain changes in construction methodology and in the calculation of structure and fabrication in shipyards. This study assesses a welded/adhesively joint used as a primary element union. It is made of steel and is used with a hybrid panel that is easy to manufacture and install at a low cost. To define the geometry of the joint, topological optimization of a symmetrical clamp-shaped steel part is carried out, attaching the hybrid panel with a structural adhesive. The geometric shape resulting from this optimization is analysed with a finite element model by means of a non-linear cohesive zone model simulation, minimizing the Von Mises stresses. The numerical result is compared to a destructive laboratory test. The result is analysed using the digital image correlation technique, making the following validations: in the adhesive-bonded area, no damage was found; the structural failure begins in the area near the embedded end; and there is an absence of cracks since no debonding of the structural adhesive takes place, confirming the obtained design by numerical simulation.
Accuracy study of the Oculus Touch v2 versus inertial sensor for a single-axis rotation simulating the elbow’s range of motion
Authors: Rojo Ana , Cortina Javier , Sánchez Cristina , Urendes Eloy , García-Carmona Rodrigo , Raya Rafael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) has emerged as a valid addition to conventional therapy in rehabilitation and sports medicine. This has enabled the development of novel and affordable rehabilitation strategies. However, before VR devices can be used in these situations, they must accurately capture the range of motion of the body-segment where they are mounted. This study aims to state the accuracy of the Oculus Touch v2 controller when used to measure the elbow’s motion in the sagittal plane. The controller is benchmarked against an inertial sensor (ENLAZA$$^{\mathrm{TM}}$$

TM

), which has already been validated as a reliable measurement device. We have developed a virtual environment that matches both the Oculus Touch v2 and the inertial sensor orientations using a digital goniometer. We have also collected the orientation measurements given by each system for a set of 17 static angles that cover the full range of normal elbow flexion and hyperextension motion, in 10° intervals from − 10° (hyperextension) to 150° (flexion). We have applied the intra-rater reliability test to assess the level of agreement between the measurements of these devices, obtaining a value of 0.999, with a 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.996 to 1.000. By analyzing the angle measurement outcomes, we have found that the accuracy degrades at flexion values between 70° and 110°, peaking at 90°. The accuracy of Oculus Touch v2 when used to capture the elbow’s flexion motion is good enough for the development of VR rehabilitation applications based on it. However, the flaws in the accuracy that have been revealed in this experimental study must be considered when designing such applications.
Sample average approximations of strongly convex stochastic programs in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Milz Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe analyze the tail behavior of solutions to sample average approximations (SAAs) of stochastic programs posed in Hilbert spaces. We require that the integrand be strongly convex with the same convexity parameter for each realization. Combined with a standard condition from the literature on stochastic programming, we establish non-asymptotic exponential tail bounds for the distance between the SAA solutions and the stochastic program’s solution, without assuming compactness of the feasible set. Our assumptions are verified on a class of infinite-dimensional optimization problems governed by affine-linear partial differential equations with random inputs. We present numerical results illustrating our theoretical findings.
Biosorption as a Perfect Technique for Purification of Wastewater Contaminated with Ammonia
Authors: Abdelfattah Ibrahim , El-Saied Fathy A. , Almedolab Ali A. , El-Shamy A. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes root powder (ECRP) has been used to remove ammonia from aqueous solutions. The biosorption factors such as biosorbent dosage, pH, initial ammonia concentration, and contact time have been considered in batch conditions. The optimal conditions, at pH (6), sorbent dose 5 g/l, time (30 min) ammonia concentration (10 mg/l). Langmuir is better suited than Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic models Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Bohart-Adams were applied. These models showed that the adsorption capacity decreased with flow rate increases as follows: 32.57, 31.82, 31.25, and 30.17 mg/g, respectively, at a flow rate 10, 15, 20, and 25 ml/min. The root powder of Eichhornia crassipes was used to treat specific drainage wastewater obtained from the Sabal drain at Menoufia, Egypt. The average efficiency of ammonia removal was 87% per batch adsorption method at pH value = 7.5, sorbent dose 5 g/l, uptake period (30 min), and primary load 7.1 mg/l; however, ammonia removal by column continuous adsorption method exceeded 94%. In addition, ECRP is efficient in removing arsenic, sulfate, nitrates, nitrite, silica, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum, and lead from actual sewage wastewater, in addition to removing more than 75% COD.
The relationship between executive functioning and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young children: A cross-lagged study
Authors: Fan Liheng , Wang Yinling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly childhood is a critical period for cognitive development and the emergence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, many researchers have explored the relationship between executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young children. However, the findings have been inconsistent. This study used a cross-lagged survey to clarify the interaction between executive function and ADHD in early childhood as well as explore the trends of the same. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 376 parents of children aged 4–6 years in October 2018 (Time 1) and June 2019 (Time 2), with components including the Child Executive Functioning Scale (Parent Version) and Child Difficulty and Strengths Scale (Parent Version), and the mean age of the children surveyed at Time 1 was 58.96 ± 11.94 months. Results indicate that executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were stable, with significant positive and secondary positive correlations between executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The cross-lagged regression analysis showed that the inhibition of executive function components at Time 1 predicted the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at Time 2. Finally, the cross-lagged regression analysis showed that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at Time 1 significantly predicted the inhibition at Time 2. There was a strong relationship between inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the sample, with some reciprocal causality. The findings indicate the urgent need for early screening and intervention in cognitive and behavioral disorders.
A deep learning approach for context-aware citation recommendation using rhetorical zone classification and similarity to overcome cold-start problem
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Azeem , Ajayi Saheed , Bilal Muhammad , Oyegoke Ade , Pasha Maruf , Ali Hafiz Tauqeer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the recent decade, the citation recommendation has emerged as an important research topic due to its need for the huge size of published scientific work. Among other citation recommendation techniques, the widely used content-based filtering (CBF) exploits research articles’ textual content to produce recommendations. However, CBF techniques are prone to the well-known cold-start problem. On the other hand, deep learning has shown its effectiveness in understanding the semantics of the text. The present paper proposes a citation recommendation system using deep learning models to classify rhetorical zones of the research articles and compute similarity using rhetorical zone embeddings that overcome the cold-start problem. Rhetorical zones are the predefined linguistic categories having some common characteristics about the text. A deep learning model is trained using ART and CORE datasets with an accuracy of 76 per cent. The final ranked lists of the recommendations have an average of 0.704 normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG) score involving ten domain experts. The proposed system is applicable for both local and global context-aware recommendations.
Pyroptosis-related genes regulate proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer and serve as the prognostic signature for modeling patient survival
Authors: Song Wenjing , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Kunlei , Tan Kai , Zhao Anbang , Li Xinyin , Yuan Yufeng , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has high mortality and poor prognosis. Pyroptosis can influence the prognosis of patients by regulating the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in PDAC remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of PDAC samples, univariate Cox analysis and LASSO regression analysis were used to screen the prognostic PRGs and establish the gene signature. To further evaluate the functional significance of CASP4 and NLRP1 in PDAC, we also conducted an in vitro study to explore the mechanism of CASP4 and NLRP1 regulating the occurrence and development of PDAC. Finally, we investigated the relationship between CASP4 and NLRP1 expression levels and drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells.

Results
A risk prediction model based on CASP4 and NLRP1 was established, which can distinguish high-risk patients from low-risk patients (P < 0.001). Both internal validation and external GEO data sets validation demonstrate good predictive capability of the model (AUC = 0.732, AUC = 0.802, AUC = 0.632, P < 0.05). In vitro, CCK8 and Transwell assay suggested that CASP4 may accelerate the progression of PDAC by promoting proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, while NLRP1 has been found to have tumor suppressive effect. It should be noted that knockdown of CASP4 reduced the level of coke death, the expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, FASN, SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 were decreased, and the number of lipid droplets was also significantly reduced. Moreover, the enrichment of signaling pathways showed that NLRP1 was significantly correlated with MAPK and RAS/ERK signaling pathways, and knocking down NLRP1 could indeed up-regulate p-ERK expression. Finally, high expression of CASP4 and low expression of NLRP1 increased the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to ERK inhibitors.

Conclusions
In especial, CASP4 can promote tumor progression by promoting the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids, while NLRP1 acts on RAS/ERK signaling pathway. Both of genes play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC, which may also affect the inhibitors of MAPK/ERK efficiency.
Understanding Structural Racism as a Barrier to Living Donor Kidney Transplantation and Transplant Care
Authors: Lu Yee , Norman Silas P. , Doshi Mona D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent Findings
Black and Hispanic patients carry higher burden of kidney disease, yet have lower access to LDKT. Until recently, these differences were thought to be due to medical co-morbidities and variation in transplant center practices. However, recent studies have shown that systemic and structural inequities related to race may be one of the major drivers.

Purpose of Review
In this paper, we examine the definition of race and systemic racism, then describe patient-, transplant center–, and society-level barriers to LDKT. We identify how social determinants, cultural biases and mistrust in medical system, influence behaviors, and provider racial profiling affects all phases of transplant evaluation. Finally, we discuss initiatives to overcome some of these barriers, starting from federal government, national organizations, transplant centers, and community partners.

Summary
Examining structural biases in transplant practices is an important step to developing solutions to address disparities in health care access and outcomes for patients who need and receive transplants.
Capturing the value of vaccination: impact of vaccine-preventable disease on hospitalization
Authors: Doherty Mark T. , Aris Emmanuel , Servotte Nathalie , Beck Ekkehard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence from epidemiological studies suggests that vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) such as influenza or herpes zoster contribute significantly to the increased risk of older adults for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurological, and renal complications in the period after illnesses. However, since the period of elevated risk can persist well beyond the duration of the acute illness, the connection is not always recognized. To obtain insights into the relationship between diagnoses for vaccine-preventable disease and for other conditions, we analyzed principal and secondary diagnoses for 3,127,768 inpatient admissions of adults 50 years and older in the United States, using medical insurance claims drawn from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases (Marketscan). The Marketscan data indicated that overall, 3.1% of these hospitalizations had a principal diagnosis of VPD with variation by month of admission, and age. However, hospitalizations with a principal non-VPD diagnosis but secondary VPD diagnoses were 2.8 times more frequent, with particularly high rates in those whose principal diagnoses were non-VPD respiratory or circulatory disease. Hospitalized patients with a secondary VPD diagnosis tended to have poorer discharge outcomes, and longer length of stay in comparison to hospitalized patients without a secondary VPD diagnosis. In total, these data are consistent with suggestions that VPDs play a significant and potentially under-estimated role in hospitalization and outcomes, which may be potentially preventable by improved vaccination coverage.
Sediment settlement rate and consolidation time of filling reclamation in coal mining subsidence land
Authors: Duo Linghua , Hu Zhenqi , Yang Kun , Li Yanan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the continuous growth of the population and the continuous reduction of cultivated land, China’s food security is greatly threatened. In addition, China’s coal mining has been mainly underground mining, causing land subsidence and damaging existing cultivated land. This effect intensifies the contradiction between the growth of the risk population and the reduction of cultivated land. The reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment is often used as an effective way to improve the recovery rate of cultivated land. Shortening the reclamation time and realizing continuous filling are significant issues. The work presented in this paper studied the sediment settlement rate and consolidation time by combining theory, field filling and reclamation tests and numerical simulations. A field filling test study was carried out in the lowlands of Jibeiwang Village, Qihe County, Shandong Province, China. By calculating the drainage consolidation time, the consolidation factor of 0.015656 m2/d, and the time factor for sediment consolidation of 0.575 were determined. The sediment consolidation time for this test was 9.18 days. The calculation of sediment deposition rate and consolidation time is of great practical significance to guide the Yellow River sediment filling, realize continuous filling, and save reclamation time and cost.
Semi-Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Fang Jiaru , Huang Shuang , Liu Fanmao , He Gen , Li Xiangling , Huang Xinshuo , Chen Hui-jiuan , Xie Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of “Semi-implantable bioelectronics”, summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.
Edge spin wave transmission through a vertex domain wall in triangular dots
Authors: Caso Diego , Aliev Farkhad G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpin waves (SWs), being usually reflected by domain walls (DWs), could also be channeled along them. Edge SWs yield the interesting, and potentially applicable to real devices property of broadband spin wave confinement to the edges of the structure. Here, we investigate through numerical simulations the propagation of quasi one-dimensional spin waves in triangle-shaped amorphous YIG (Y3Fe5O12) micron sized ferromagnets as a function of the angle aperture. The edge spin waves (ESWs) have been propagated over the corner in triangles of 2 microns side with a fixed thickness of 85 nm. Parameters such as superior vertex angle (in the range of 40$$^\circ $$

∘

–75$$^\circ $$

∘

) and applied magnetic field have been optimized in order to obtain a higher transmission coefficient of the ESWs over the triangle vertex. We observed that for a certain aperture angle for which dominated ESW frequency coincides with one of the localized DW modes, the transmission is maximized near one and the phase shift drops to $$\pi /2$$

π
/
2

indicating resonant transmission of ESWs through the upper corner. We compare the obtained results with existing theoretical models. These results could contribute to the development of novel basic elements for spin wave computing.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Infection Among Pregnant Women in Oman
Authors: Al-Ismaili Omaima Mohamed , Al-Jardani Amina , Al-Hinai Fatma , Al-Shukri Intisar , Mathew Mersum , Al-Abri Seif , Al-Kindi Hanan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
The primary objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Oman. The secondary objectives were to test for other hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and to determine hepatitis B viral load.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study conducted from June 2019 to December 2020, we randomly selected 2210 Omani women who attended antenatal clinics across the country. Pregnant women were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using a commercial enzyme immunoassay; those who tested positive were further analyzed for other HBV serological markers: HBV core total antibody (anti-HBc), HBV core antibody IgM (immunoglobulin M) (anti-HBc IgM), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus e antibody (anti-HBe). They were also tested for hepatitis B viral load.

Results
This study included 2210 women with a mean age of 39 years. Ninety-five percent of the women who were invited to participate consented and were included in the study. Thirty-three (1.49%) tested positive for HBsAg. All participants tested negative for HBeAg and anti-HBc IgM and positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBe, and 30 (90.9%) women had their hepatitis B viral load measured. Three (10.0%) had undetectable viral loads, 23 (76.7%) had low viral loads of < 2000 (IU/ml), 2 had moderate viral loads between 2000 and 200,000 (IU/ml) and one had a high viral load of 486,000 (IU/ml).

Conclusion
Our study shows that the HBV prevalence in pregnant women is 1.49%, which is lower than what was reported earlier. Nevertheless, antenatal screening is still warranted, as there are vital interventions for the newborn and the mother.