bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of pudendal nerve block for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort in male pediatric patients undergoing hypospadias surgery: a prospective randomized control study
Authors: Rath Amrita , Reena  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is a common distressing symptom complex during the postoperative period, especially after urologic procedures followed by urinary catheterization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of pudendal nerve block and compare it with intravenous butylscopolamine in CRBD prevention in pediatric male patients undergoing hypospadias surgery under general anesthesia.

Results
After getting ethical committee clearance and informed written consent, 60 male pediatric patients scheduled for hypospadias repair were enrolled for the study and were randomized using computer-generated random numbers in 2 groups of 30 each: group P (received bilateral pudendal nerve block using 0.25% ropivacaine) and group B (received intravenous butylscopolamine 0.3 mg/kg) 15 min before extubation. The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of CRBD. Visual analog scale (VAS) for postoperative pain, postoperative side effects, the postoperative requirement for tramadol as a rescue treatment for CRBD and fentanyl as rescue analgesia for postoperative pain, and VAS for acceptance of an indwelling urinary catheter were the secondary outcomes. The incidences of CRBD and side effects were analyzed by the chi-square test and severity by Fisher’s exact test. The VAS scale was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Group P had significantly decreased incidence as well as severity of postoperative CRBD than group B with p < 0.05. The postoperative median VAS score and number of patients requiring fentanyl as rescue analgesics were significantly low in group P in comparison with group B (p < 0.05). The total tramadol requirement at the end of 6 h for CRBD management was also significantly reduced in group P (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Pudendal nerve block seems to be superior to intravenous butylscopolamine in reducing the incidence and severity of CRBD. This study can be extrapolated to other urogenital studies in pediatric patients.
A new generation low-frequency seismic vibrator
Authors: Wei Zhouhong , Criss Jason , Wang Rong , Clow Alistair 
Published: April 2022

Extending the vibroseis acquisition bandwidth toward very low frequencies (below 5 Hz) can be very beneficial for land seismic exploration. However, most conventional hydraulic vibrators have physical limitations as well as harmonic distortion in the vibrator mechanical and hydraulic systems that limit the ground-force output at low frequencies. To enhance the low-frequency range, the vibrator output force must be increased with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. An improved design of the vibrator mechanical and hydraulic system becomes very necessary to achieve this goal. With this goal, a newly designed low-frequency vibrator is developed and field-tested. Experimental results find that this new generation low-frequency vibrator can produce the recoverable seismic data with a low-frequency range from 1 to 4 Hz.
Endocrine Therapy Response and 21-Gene Expression Assay for Therapy Guidance in HR+/HER2– Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Nitz Ulrike A. , Gluz Oleg , Kümmel Sherko , Christgen Matthias , Braun Michael , Aktas Bahriye , Lüdtke-Heckenkamp Kerstin , Forstbauer Helmut , Grischke Eva-Maria , Schumacher Claudia , Darsow Maren , Krauss Katja , Nuding Benno , Thill Marc , Potenberg Jochem , Uleer Christoph , Warm Mathias , Fischer Hans Holger , Malter Wolfram , Hauptmann Michael , Kates Ronald E. , Gräser Monika , Würstlein Rachel , Shak Steven , Baehner Frederick , Kreipe Hans H. , Harbeck Nadia 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE To our knowledge, WSG-ADAPT-HR+/HER2– (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01779206 ; n = 5,625 registered) is the first trial combining the 21-gene expression assay (recurrence score [RS]) and response to 3-week preoperative endocrine therapy (ET) to guide systemic therapy in early breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline and postendocrine Ki67 (Ki67post) were evaluated centrally. In the endocrine trial, all patients received exclusively ET: patients with pathologic regional lymph node status (pN) 0-1 (ie, 0-3 involved lymph nodes) entered control arm if RS ≤ 11 and experimental arm if RS12-25 with ET response (Ki67post ≤ 10%). All other patients (including N0-1 RS12-25 without ET response) received dose-dense chemotherapy (CT) followed by ET in the CT trial. Primary end point of the endocrine trial was noninferiority of 5-year invasive disease-free survival (5y-iDFS) in experimental ( v control) arm; secondary end points included distant DFS, overall survival, and translational research. RESULTS Intention-to-treat population comprised 2,290 patients (n = 1,422 experimental v n = 868 control): 26.3% versus 34.6% premenopausal and 27.4% versus 24.0% pN1. One-sided 95% lower confidence limit of the 5y-iDFS difference was –3.3%, establishing prespecified noninferiority ( P = .05). 5y-iDFS was 92.6% (95% CI, 90.8 to 94.0) in experimental versus 93.9% (95% CI, 91.8 to 95.4) in control arm; 5-year distant DFS was 95.6% versus 96.3%, and 5-year overall survival 97.3% versus 98.0%, respectively. Differences were similar in age and nodal subgroups. In N0-1 RS12-25, outcome of ET responders (ET alone) was comparable with that of ET nonresponders (CT) for age > 50 years and superior for age ≤ 50 years. ET response was more likely with aromatase inhibitors (mostly postmenopausal) than with tamoxifen (mostly premenopausal): 78.1% versus 41.1% ( P < .001). ET response was 78.8% in RS0-11, 62.2% in RS12-25, and 32.7% in RS > 25 (n = 4,203, P < .001). CONCLUSION WSG-ADAPT-HR+/HER2– demonstrates that guiding systemic treatment by both RS and ET response is feasible in clinical routine and spares CT in pre- and postmenopausal patients with ≤ 3 involved lymph nodes.
Transient accumulation and bidirectional movement of KIF13B in primary cilia
Authors: Juhl Alice Dupont , Anvarian Zeinab , Kuhns Stefanie , Berges Julia , Andersen Jens S. , Wüstner Daniel , Pedersen Lotte B. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles whose assembly and function rely on the conserved bidirectional intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, which is powered by anterograde kinesin-2 and retrograde cytoplasmic dynein-2 motors. Nematodes additionally employ a cell-type-specific kinesin-3 motor, KLP-6, which moves within cilia independently of IFT and regulates ciliary content and function. Here, we provide evidence that a KLP-6 homolog, KIF13B, undergoes bursts of bidirectional movement within primary cilia of cultured immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT-RPE1) cells. Anterograde and retrograde intraciliary velocities of KIF13B were similar to those of IFT (as assayed using IFT172–eGFP), but intraciliary movement of KIF13B required its own motor domain and appeared to be cell-type specific. Our work provides the first demonstration of motor-driven, intraciliary movement by a vertebrate kinesin other than kinesin-2 motors.
Escaping from multiple visual threats: modulation of escape responses in Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus)
Authors: Kimura Hibiki , Pfalzgraff Tilo , Levet Marie , Kawabata Yuuki , Steffensen John F. , Johansen Jacob L. , Domenici Paolo 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Fish perform rapid escape responses to avoid sudden predatory attacks. During escape responses, fish bend their bodies into a C-shape and quickly turn away from the predator and accelerate. The escape trajectory is determined by the initial turn (stage 1) and a contralateral bend (stage 2). Previous studies have used a single threat or model predator as a stimulus. In nature, however, multiple predators may attack from different directions simultaneously or in close succession. It is unknown whether fish are able to change the course of their escape response when startled by multiple stimuli at various time intervals. Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) were startled with a left and right visual stimulus in close succession. By varying the timing of the second stimulus, we were able to determine when and how a second stimulus could affect the escape response direction. Four treatments were used: a single visual stimulus (control); or two stimuli coming from opposite sides separated by a 0 ms (simultaneous treatment), 33 ms or 83 ms time interval. The 33 ms and 83 ms time intervals were chosen to occur either side of a predicted 60 ms visual escape latency (i.e. during stage 1). The 0 ms and 33 ms treatments influenced both the escape trajectory and the stage 1 turning angle, compared with a single stimulation, whereas the 83 ms treatment had no effect on the escape trajectory. We conclude that Pacific staghorn sculpin can modulate their escape trajectory only between stimulation and the onset of the response, but the escape trajectory cannot be modulated after the body motion has started.
Minimization of Total Variable Cost through Determination of Batch Transfer Size at m Serial CNC-Machining Centers
Authors: R Muhammad Chaznin , Nu'man A Harits 
Published: April 2022

Background: In a batch production series consisting of several process stages for discrete products, the determination of the transfer batch size greatly affects the batch waiting time. For production using a Computer Numerical Control (CNC)-machining center, several process stages can be carried out on one machine with quick setup. The use of a single machine for all stages of the process certainly does not require transfer to the next machine. Thus, there are no material handling costs. However, the use of a single machine will result in longer batch waiting times as the production batch size increases. An increase in the batch waiting time will result in an increase in work-in-process (WIP) inventory cost. This research was conducted to reduce the total variable cost consisting of WIP inventory cost and material handling cost. Methods: This research was conducted in two steps. The first step is to divide the process stages, I into m serial CNC machining centers, where in this study I=m. The second step is to determine the same size of transfer batch, Qij for a certain number of transfers, J that produces the minimum total variable cost. Results: The results showed that J=5 resulted in a total variable cost of Rp. 146,800.00, while J=10 resulted in a total variable cost of Rp. 178,900.00. Conclusion: In conclusion, the total variable cost decreases if the size of transfer batch is reduced to a certain amount and will increase again along with the reduction in the size of transfer batch.
Machine learning methods to predict particulate matter PM2.5
Authors: Palanichamy Naveen , Haw Su-Cheng , S Subramanian , Murugan Rishanti , Govindasamy Kuhaneswaran 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Pollution of air in urban cities across the world has been steadily increasing in recent years. An increasing trend in particulate matter, PM2.5, is a threat because it can lead to uncontrollable consequences like worsening of asthma and cardiovascular disease. The metric used to measure air quality is the air pollutant index (API). In Malaysia, machine learning (ML) techniques for PM2.5 have received less attention as the concentration is on predicting other air pollutants. To fill the research gap, this study focuses on correctly predicting PM2.5 concentrations in the smart cities of Malaysia by comparing supervised ML techniques, which helps to mitigate its adverse effects. Methods In this paper, ML models for forecasting PM2.5 concentrations were investigated on Malaysian air quality data sets from 2017 to 2018. The dataset was preprocessed by data cleaning and a normalization process. Next, it was reduced into an informative dataset with location and time factors in the feature extraction process. The dataset was fed into three supervised ML classifiers, which include random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Finally, their output was evaluated using the confusion matrix and compared to identify the best model for the accurate prediction of PM2.5. Results Overall, the experimental result shows an accuracy of 97.7% was obtained by the RF model in comparison with the accuracy of ANN (61.14%) and LSTM (61.77%) in predicting PM2.5. Discussion RF performed well when compared with ANN and LSTM for the given data with minimum features. RF was able to reach good accuracy as the model learns from the random samples by using decision tree with the maximum vote on the predictions.
Locational Choice and Secondary Movements from the Perspective of Forced Migrants: A Comparison of the Destinations Luxembourg and Germany
Authors: Glorius Birgit , Nienaber Birte 
Published: April 2022

In 2015 and 2016, the enormous increase in asylum seekers travelling along the Balkan Route confronted the Member States of the European Union with an exceptional pressure on national asylum systems. Since then academic literature has revealed a reappraisal of the Common European Asylum System at regulative and policy implementation level, notably regarding the fair distribution of asylum seekers across Member States and regions. Yet we know very little about the locational choices of forced migrants or how those choices evolved and transformed during their journey.
In this paper, we aim to shed light on those decision-making processes and (individual, subjective) locational choices based on the aspiration-ability model, drawing from a series of qualitative interviews with migrants held in Luxembourg and Germany in the context of the H2020 project CEASEVAL. We focus on the migrants’ journeys to their actual recipient countries, highlighting mobility trajectories from the moment of first departure and on the process of decision-making regarding their choice of location. Then, we examine further mobility aspirations, which may lead to secondary mobility within or out of the country of residence. In the concluding section, we discuss the consequences of our findings for migration and asylum politics against the background of the “autonomy of migration” framework.
* This article belongs to a special issue on "Refugee Migration to Europe – Challenges and Potentials for Cities and Regions".
Attracting the Sharks: Corporate Innovation and Securities Class Action Lawsuits
Authors: Kempf Elisabeth , Spalt Oliver 
Published: April 2022

This paper provides novel evidence suggesting that securities class action lawsuits, a central pillar of the U.S. litigation and corporate governance system, can constitute an obstacle to valuable corporate innovation. We first establish that valuable innovation output makes firms particularly vulnerable to costly low-quality class action litigation. Exploiting judge turnover in federal courts, we then show that changes in class action litigation risk affect the value and number of patents filed, suggesting firms take into account that risk in their innovation decisions. A new perspective we provide is that innovation success, not only innovation failure, can increase firms’ securities class action litigation risk. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: E. Kempf gratefully acknowledges financial support from the James S. Kemper Foundation at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Supplemental Material: Data and the internet appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4388 .
Wound healing in second-degree burns in rats treated with silver sulfadiazine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Devi Mohan Vimala , Poornima Velswamy , Sivagnanam Uma Tiruchirapalli 
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study aims to assess the wound healing efficacy in second-degree burns in rats treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD)—a sulfonamide antibiotic. Method: This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis performed according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) strategy. Results: The review found 100 studies in PubMed, Web of Science and other search engines. Of these, 70 studies were pre-selected after removing duplicates. After independent analysis by two reviewers, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. All studies except one showed faster wound closure by the application of silver sulfadiazine ointment. Using a random effects model, healing was faster in SSD-treated groups when compared to the control group on day 21, with a statistically significant mean difference of –2.72 days (95% confidence interval: –4.99, –0.45) between treatment and control groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis revealed that SSD aided in faster healing of second-degree burns.
Evaluation System for Agricultural Machinery Operation Based on Smartphone Sensors
Authors: Huang Jiahua , Liang Shuo , Wu Caicong , Kou Zhihong , Chen Ying 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsAn evaluation system for agricultural machinery operation was developed.Quantitatively evaluating agricultural machinery operators can support the precision management for agricultural machinery service organizations.The evaluation system can detect and quantify subtle and transient operating behaviors based on smartphone sensors.The evaluation system can distinguish the relative pros and cons of the operating skills of agricultural machinery operators.Abstract. To support the precision management of agricultural machinery operators, scaled agricultural machinery service organizations require comprehensive evaluations for the operating behaviors of each operator, particularly subtle and transient operating behaviors (e.g., sudden acceleration and unstable operating velocities), which greatly influence the operation quality. In this paper, embedded smartphone sensors were utilized to collect high-frequency motion information for agricultural machinery operation, and then, an Agricultural Machinery Operation Evaluation System (AMOES) was designed to evaluate the operating behaviors of the corresponding operators. In AMOES, four evaluation items (the ratio of useful work, the effect on machinery health, the quality of working operation, and the efficiency of U-turn) were defined specifically for the evaluation of subtle and transient operating behaviors, and they were quantified using motion information. Moreover, a case of a scaled agricultural machinery cooperative in Beijing was performed, and AMOES was used to evaluate the operating behaviors of six operators (two autonomous-driving and four manual-driving operators). The case study indicated that the motion data collected by smartphone sensors could capture subtle and transient operating behaviors and that AMOES could effectively detect and quantify subtle operating behaviors. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Operating behavior, Operation evaluation, Smartphone sensors.
Body Leveling Control Model Establishment and Experiment Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhongshan , Ma Wenxing , Wang Tongjian , Liu Chunbao 
Published: April 2022

Highlights The vehicle body leveling control model based on tire stiffness and wheel centroid displacement is established in this article.The average pitch angle error is 7.94%, and the tilt angle average error is 4.37%.The body leveling control algorithm developed based on this model can be applied to the automatic leveling control of hilly tractors and cars.Abstract. The body leveling control system is the core part of the attitude control of the hilly mountain tractor. It calculates the body posture in real-time according to the body leveling control model and makes corresponding control strategies. The accuracy of the control model directly affects the vehicle leveling accuracy. This article proposes the leveling control model based on tire stiffness and tire mass displacement. The slope road surface excitation information is collected in the field, and the road surface excitation data is processed appropriately. The accurate road surface excitation information is obtained. The input of the simulation model is displacement data. However, the collected road excitation information is the acceleration signal. Thus, the acceleration signal is converted to the displacement signal through the frequency domain integration method. The comparison between the calculated calculation results and the experimentally acquired attitude data indicates that the average pitch angle error is 7.94%, and the average tilt angle error is 4.37%. Accordingly, the vehicle body leveling control model established in this article is compatible with the experimental results and can accurately output the body posture and develop the body tone. Keywords: Control, Hydraulic, Leveling, Pavement, Road
Simulation and Experimental Study of Potato Conveyor Trajectory for Optimization Design of Belt-Fed Potato Sorter
Authors: Wang Shuai , Geng Jinfeng , Rao Xiuqin , Xu Huirong 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsPotatoes of different mass had significantly different moving times and trajectories during unloading.Moving time and trajectory length increased with the increase in mass level of potatoes at different initial speeds.The belt-fed potato sorter developed by investigating potato moving trajectories had high accuracy and low damage.Abstract. Belt conveyors are one of the main transport methods in potato sorting equipment. Generally, potatoes are detected and sorted while being discharged from the end of the loading conveyor. Therefore, the moving time and trajectory of potatoes are critical to determining the detection and sorting positions. In this study, the detection and sorting locations were optimized by investigating the influence of different mass levels of potatoes on their moving time and trajectories at different initial speeds by using a high-speed camera. In addition, a dynamic simulation model of potato movement was established using ADAMS software for further comparison. It was found that the potato trajectories and moving times were significantly influenced by the potato mass levels in a practical experiment. At the same initial speed, the moving time and trajectory length increased with the increase in mass level. Calculation methods for the optimal size and position of the rod ejectors and the unloading conveyor are proposed. When the initial speed was 1 m s-1, the length of the rod ejectors was 218.77 mm with a falling height of 250 mm, and the vertical and horizontal distances between the loading and unloading conveyors were 450 and 216.7 mm, respectively. Finally, a sorting experiment was performed to verify the design, and a classification accuracy of 98.95% and damage rate of 1.26% were obtained. This study provides a theoretical reference for the optimization design of belt-fed potato sorters. Keywords: Optimization design, Potato, Simulation, Trajectory tracking.