bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal boundary control problems for a hierarchical age-structured two-species model
Authors: Liu Rong , Zhou Nan , He Ze-Rong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the optimal control problems for a nonlinear age-structured two-species model, where elder individuals are more competitive than younger ones, and each species is described by a nonlinear integropartial differential equation with a global feedback boundary condition. First, we establish the existence of a unique nonnegative bounded solution by means of frozen coefficients and the fixed-point theorem. More importantly, we discuss the least deviation-cost problem and the most benefit-cost problem. For the least deviation-cost problem, the existence of an optimal strategy is established by means of Ekeland’s variational principle, and the minimum principle is obtained via an adjoint system. Meanwhile, the corresponding results for the most benefit-cost problem are given. In addition, some numerical experiment results are presented to examine the effects of parameters on the optimal policies and indexes.
Correlation between dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine levels and 90-day prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Yu , Ding Mei , Duan Zhongping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV–ACLF) have a high 90-day mortality rate, so early prognostic evaluation is important.

Aim
We aimed to explore the correlation between dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV–ACLF.

Methods
A prospective cohort study investigated 122 inpatients with HBV–ACLF. Patients were divided into three groups based on the dynamic change in FT3 level, as follows: continuous normal FT3; continuous decreased FT3; and FT3 U-shaped change groups, and patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to whether they were alive or not. The correlation between the change in FT3 level and 90-day prognosis was explored. Three factors that affected the prognosis most significantly were used to form an FT3 correlation formula to compare the difference in predicting prognosis between the formula score and the conventional score.

Results
There were 98 patients with decreased FT3 level (80.33%), and the lowest FT3 level was at 8.52 ± 6.38 days after admission, which lasted for 16 days. There were no significant differences in FT3 levels at admission and at the lowest point between the survival and non-survival groups. Cox regression analysis showed that the FT3 level, FT3 change type, and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) grading were important factors related to prognosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the FT3 correlation formula score was 0.892, which was significantly higher than that of the CTP, MELD, MELD–Na, CLIF–SOFA, CLIF–C OF, and AARC scores (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The FT3 level and its dynamic change type together with the HE grading can facilitate prediction of 90-day prognosis for patients with HBV–ACLF.
Modified dendritic cell-derived exosomes activate both NK cells and T cells through the NKG2D/NKG2D-L pathway to kill CML cells with or without T315I mutation
Authors: Du Zhuanyun , Huang Zhenglan , Chen Xi , Jiang Guoyun , Peng Yuhang , Feng Wenli , Huang Ningshu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have achieved quite spectacular advances in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but disease progression and drug resistance that related to the T315I mutation, remain major obstacles. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) induce NK cell immunity, but have yet to achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy. An approach to potentiate antitumor immunity by inducing both NK- and T-cell activation is urgently needed. Retinoic acid early inducible-1γ (RAE-1γ), a major ligand of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), plays an important role in NK-cell and T-lymphocyte responses. We generated RAE-1γ enriched CML-specific Dex (CML-RAE-1γ-Dex) from dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with lysates of RAE-1γ-expressing CML cells or T315I-mutant CML cells, aiming to simultaneously activate NK cells and T lymphocytes.

Methods
We generated novel CML-RAE-1γ-Dex vaccines, which expressed RAE-1γ, and were loaded with CML tumor cell lysates. NK cells or T lymphocytes were coincubated with CML-RAE-1γ-Dex vaccines. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the activation and proliferation of these immune cells. Cytokine production and cytotoxicity toward CML cells with or without the T315I mutation were detected by ELISPOT, ELISA and LDH assays. CML models induced by BCR-ABL or BCR-ABLT315I were used to determine the immunological function of Dex in vivo.

Results
Herein, CML-RAE-1γ-Dex were prepared. CML-RAE-1γ-Dex effectively enhanced the proliferation and effector functions of NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, which in turn produced strong anti-CML efficacy in vitro. Moreover, CML-RAE-1γ-Dex-based immunotherapy inhibited leukemogenesis and generated durable immunological memory in CML mouse models. Similar immune responses were also observed with imatinib-resistant CML cells carrying the T315I mutation.

Conclusions
This approach based on CML-RAE-1γ-Dex vaccines may be a promising strategy for CML treatment, especially for cases with the T315I mutation.
Terminal anorexia nervosa is a dangerous term: it cannot, and should not, be defined
Authors: Guarda Angela S. , Hanson Annette , Mehler Philip , Westmoreland Patricia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA recent article (JED 10:23, 2022) proposed defining terminal anorexia to improve access to palliative and hospice care, and to medical aid in dying for a minority of patients with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN). The authors presented three cases and, for two, the first author participated in their death. Anorexia nervosa is a treatable psychiatric condition for which recovery may be uncertain. We are greatly concerned however regarding implications of applying the label “terminal” to anorexia nervosa and the risk it will lead to unjustified deaths in individuals whose mental illness impairs their capacity to make a reasoned treatment decision.
The effect of architecture design as the non-digital component to the digital industry development—case study ‘Brick Factory’ in Prishtina, Kosovo
Authors: Basha-Jakupi A. , Kuleta G. , Navakazi V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuildings that were once the machinery of production, and influencing not only the economic but also the social relations of the inhabitants, and while now those spaces remain 'dead,' it questions and at the same time strives for contemporary intervention to restore vitality and give more to the neighborhood. Neglected industrial facilities of the 'Brick Factory' in Prishtina will be the objective of this study. This research will attempt to give a new function to the current state of the building and its surroundings and new opportunities around it for the Kosovo young generation trying to fight the high unemployment and migration rates. Digital technologies have spread speedily in the world. In many instances, digital technologies have boosted growth, expanded opportunities, and improved services, and, at the same time, have provided an excellent basis for employment (World Bank, World development report 2016: digital dividends, World Bank, Washington, 2016). However, the advantages of digital technologies will be understood better when knowing how digital technology relates with other non-digital components, such as architecture, that are equally important for development. This study aims to connect them coherently and create a stimulating dialogue. Bringing the appropriate digital and non-digital components into the underdeveloped neighborhood enhances its inhabitant's economic development and social and emotional growth.
Corporate managers, price noise and the investment factor
Authors: Lehnert Thorsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of flows between bond and equity funds on investment factors over the period 1984–2015. It determines contemporaneous mispricing effects and a statistical reversal relation between these flows and both legs of the investment factor. The statistical reversal relationship between previous flows and the investment factor is economically significant. A one-standard-deviation shock to flows causes a 0.29% decrease in investment factor returns, which are reversed within 5 months. A trading strategy based on signals from past flows and the investment factor outperforms the market by 0.68% in the months following positive flows and produces significant alphas after accounting for well-known equity risk factors. The findings are interpreted as evidence in favor of a behavioral explanation, in which sentiment influences actual managerial decisions. When retail investors and managers are swept up in market euphoria, retail investors shift their holdings from bond to equity mutual funds, and high-investment firms invest more aggressively. Market-level euphoria has a different impact on high- and low-investment firms, and thus the investment factor can be influenced. Hence, the mispricing occurs during these periods, and the reversal relationship is especially pronounced for a high-investment portfolio versus a low-investment portfolio. As a result, during the months following periods of positive flows, the investment factor outperforms the market factor. Interestingly, this study’s measure of flows, which serves as a proxy for market-level euphoria, outperforms other measures of investor sentiment.
Transnational gangs and criminal remittances: a conceptual framework
Authors: Paarlberg Michael Ahn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolicy responses to transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) within migrant receiving countries often conflate all organizations which conduct illegal activity in multiple countries based on the mafia or cartel model. This model imagines the TCO to be the most evolved form of organized crime: deeply institutionalized, well resourced, hierarchically structured, highly profitable, and diversified in their criminal activities. Such a model informs law enforcement and immigration policies which are often draconian and counterproductive to citizen security. In reality, transnational crime is highly varied in organization, activities, scope, and membership. A major TCO type that defies the mafia archetype is the transnational gang. This study seeks to nuance our understanding of TCOs, illustrated by case studies of two transnational gangs, MS-13 and Satudarah, by advancing the concept of criminal remittances to locate agency in transnationalization. As the case studies demonstrate, for transnational gangs, the remittance of criminal activity is not at the organization level but at the individual and state level. Thus the transnationalization of crime can itself be the product of state foreign and migration policies.
Effect of omega-three supplementation on serum urate and gout flares in people with gout; a pilot randomized trial
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Grainger Rebecca , Frampton Christopher , Drake Jill , Hill Catherine L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the effect of omega-three supplementation with fish oil on serum urate, weight and body mass index (BMI) in people with gout.

Methods
A pilot 6-month, randomized, open-label clinical trial was undertaken in people with gout with serum urate ≥ 0.36 mmol/l. Forty participants were randomized to receive 6.2 g omega-3 fish oil daily or no fish oil for 24 weeks. Blood was obtained monthly for serum urate and red cell EPA (20:5n-3) DHA (22:6n-3) were measured using a blood spot collection system.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in the mean (SEM) decrease in serum urate between baseline and week 24 between randomized groups: fish oil − 0.021 (0.02) mmol/l versus control − 0.006 (0.02) mmol/l. There was no significant difference in change in weight or BMI between baseline and week 24 between randomized groups. There was a statistically significant correlation between red cell omega-three concentrations and the total number of flares per participant between week 12 and week 24; total omega-three r =  − 0.75 (p ≤ 0.001), EPA r =  − 0.75 (p ≤ 0.001) and DHA r = -0.76 (p ≤ 0.001). In the omega-three fish oil group four participants reported gastrointestinal adverse effects definitely or probably related to the omega-three supplementation.

Conclusions
The lack of untoward effect of omega three fish oil supplementation on serum urate and BMI together with the relationship between higher omega-three concentrations and lower gout flares supports the development of further adequately powered clinical trials to determine the role of omega-three supplements as prophylaxis against gout flares in people starting urate lowering therapy.
Clinical trial registration ACTRN12617000539336p Registered 13/04/2017.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the neurosurgical practice in Egypt
Authors: Nabil Mohamed , Dorrah Mohammed , Sharfeldin Asmaa , Abaza Hassan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown have significantly altered many aspects of the health care services. We investigated the impact of the restrictive measures during the pandemic on the volume and spectrum of operated neurosurgical cases at two University hospitals in Egypt.

Results
The total number of surgeries dropped during the lockdown (second quarter of the year 2020) by 38%, compared with the total number of surgeries in the first quarter of the same year, with an increase in the proportion of urgent surgeries to the total number of surgeries from 46 to 69% (P < 0.001), and a decrease in the proportion of elective surgeries from the total number of neurosurgeries from 54 to 31% (P < 0.001). Similar differences were noted in the volume and spectrum of surgeries in the second quarter of 2020, when compared to the same period of the preceding year (2019).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the nature and volume of neurosurgical practice. The overall number of surgeries showed a marked decline in the lockdown period; however, the numbers of urgent surgeries showed no significant difference under the lockdown.
Prenatal imaging and whole-exome sequencing identify novel tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A mutation in foetus with gastrointestinal atresia: a case report
Authors: Barkat Kawthar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A, chromosome 2p21) is a highly conserved structural motif essential for multiprotein scaffolding and cell survival. Fewer than 60 cases of TTC7A deficiency have been reported globally. It produces multisystemic disease phenotypes which are lethal in two-thirds of patients, with a median survival age of 12 months. It is predominantly detected postnatally, often rendering medical and surgical interventions futile.

Case presentation
We report the antenatal sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of a novel phenotype of TTC7A-deficiency presenting with gastrointestinal atresia. This has never been previously documented. The diagnosis was confirmed via whole-exome next-generation sequencing, thus facilitating prompt initiation of management and prolonging viability.

Conclusions
Novel insight into the prenatal morphological characteristics of TTC7A-deficiency phenotypes expands knowledge of this rare condition. Furthermore, antenatal recognition facilitates targeted investigation, genetic counselling, and earlier multidisciplinary intervention to prolong viability of this predominantly lethal condition.
Improving Adjuvant Liver-Directed Treatment Recommendations for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Artificial Intelligence–Based Decision-Making Tool
Authors: Mo Allen , Velten Christian , Jiang Julie M. , Tang Justin , Ohri Nitin , Kalnicki Shalom , Mirhaji Parsa , Nemoto Kei , Aasman Boudewijn , Garg Madhur , Guha Chandan , Brodin N. Patrik , Kabarriti Rafi 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE Liver-directed therapy after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can lead to improvement in survival for selected patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is uncertainty in the appropriate application and modality of therapy in current clinical practice guidelines. The aim of this study was to develop a proof-of-concept, machine learning (ML) model for treatment recommendation in patients previously treated with TACE and select patients who might benefit from additional treatment with combination stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS This retrospective observational study was based on data from an urban, academic hospital system selecting for patients diagnosed with stage I-III HCC from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, treated with TACE, followed by adjuvant RFA, SBRT, or no additional liver-directed modality. A feedforward, ML ensemble model provided a treatment recommendation on the basis of pairwise assessments evaluating each potential treatment option and estimated benefit in survival. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 54 (23%) and 49 (21%) received combination of TACE and SBRT or TACE and RFA, respectively. The ML model suggested a different consolidative modality in 32.7% of cases among patients who had previously received combination treatment. Patients treated in concordance with model recommendations had significant improvement in progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.5; P = .007). The most important features for model prediction were cause of cirrhosis, stage of disease, and albumin-bilirubin grade (a measure of liver function). CONCLUSION In this proof-of-concept study, an ensemble ML model was able to provide treatment recommendations for HCC who had undergone prior TACE. Additional treatment in line with model recommendations was associated with significant improvement in progression-free survival, suggesting a potential benefit for ML-guided medical decision making.
Urban Climate Insurgency
Authors: Dawson Ashley , Armiero Marco , Turhan Ethemcan , Biasillo Roberta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Urban climate insurgency refers to the ensemble of grassroots initiatives aiming to tackle climate change from a radical point of view. Insurgency in this case does not imply violence but rather refers to the radical rejection of the current socioecological system. While explicitly challenging planetary ecocide and climate-change effects, these forms of insurgency target all policies that make the urban condition yet more precarious, demonstrating that climate mobilization is inherently intersectional. The focus here is on the urban dimension of this global climate insurgency that unsettles the dichotomy between rural and urban. It is on the urban terrain, already fissured by racial capitalism but also traversed by antiracist and promigrant movements, that the climate emergency becomes a climate and social justice issue. This introductory essay offers a fresh approach to the new municipalist project and digs into its environmental agenda. From New York to Mälmo, from Rio de Janiero to Istanbul, passing through Jakarta, Bangalore, and Naples, this special issue explores the articulation of radical climate-change politics, the materialization of climate injustices, and grassroots reactions to these injustices in the urban sphere.
From Waste to Climate
Authors: Armiero Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It has often been said that the problem with climate change is its invisibility. People do not mobilize about climate change because they cannot see it; even less can they see CO2 emissions—that is, the most relevant material element causing climate alternations. Although I would argue that for some people climate change is more visible than for others, it remains a global environmental problem not easily felt on the ground. On the other hand, waste appears to be an incumbent presence, almost impossible to avoid; it also seems more localized than global climate change. People mobilize around waste because it stands in front of their eyes and noses. This is how the story has been told so many times. This article instead tells another story, one in which climate activism is rooted in struggles against waste contamination. In Naples, Italy, twenty years of mobilization against toxicity—which, by the way, is much less visible and much more harmful than the urban garbage in the streets—has generated an epistemic community trained to understand the invisible connections linking local problems, global issues, and socioenvironmental inequalities. Their original elaboration of biocide as the theoretical framework explaining the production of toxic communities provided them with an equally original framework to understand climate change and its unequal impacts on people and ecosystems. In moving between waste and climate, local and global, those epistemic communities have not only changed the ways in which climate activism has been conceived but have also changed themselves.
Recurrent postpartum hemorrhage at subsequent pregnancy in patients with prior uterine artery embolization: angiographic findings and outcomes of repeat embolization
Authors: Lee Chong-ho , Yoon Chang Jin , Lee Jae Hwan , Choi Won Seok , Lee Guy Mok , Oh Kyung Joon 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To evaluate angiographic findings and outcomes of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for recurrent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a subsequent pregnancy in patients with a history of prior UAE.

Methods:
Between March 2004 and February 2021, UAE was performed for PPH with gelatin sponge slurry in 753 patients. Among these, 13 underwent repeat UAE for recurrent PPH after subsequent delivery. The causes of PPH, angiographic findings, hemostasis, and adverse events were evaluated.

Results:
The causes of recurrent PPH included retained placental tissue (n = 9) and uterine atony (n = 4). On angiography, unilateral or bilateral uterine arteries were obliterated due to prior UAE in 10 patients (76.9%). The uterine collateral vessels were embolized (anterior division of the internal iliac artery [n = 10], round ligament [n = 5], and ovarian [n = 4] artery). In the remaining three patients with recanalized or patent (not embolized at prior UAE) uterine arteries, both uterine arteries were embolized. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in nine patients (69.2%). The remaining four patients (30.8%) with obliterated uterine arteries required hysterectomy. There were three mild adverse events (pelvic pain [n = 2] and fever [n = 1]).

Conclusion:
UAE with gelatin sponge slurry frequently causes permanent uterine artery obliteration. In cases of recurrent PPH occurring in subsequent pregnancy, repeat UAE may be less likely to achieve hemostasis (69.2%).

Advances in knowledge:
1. UAE with gelatin sponge slurry frequently caused permanent uterine artery obliteration.
2. In recurrent PPH occurring in subsequent pregnancy, the repeat UAE may be less likely to achieve hemostasis than initial UAE.