bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic of Przewalski horses population from Askania-Nova reserve based on genetic markers
Authors: Musiał Adrianna Dominika , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika , Myćka Grzegorz , Bieniek Agnieszka , Yasynetska Nataliya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Przewalski horses are considered the last living population of wild horses, however, they are secondarily feral offspring of herds domesticated about 5000 years ago by the Botai culture. After Przewalski horses were almost extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, their population is about 2500 individuals worldwide, with one of the largest breeding centers in the Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine).The research aimed to analyse the genetic structure of Przewalski horses population maintained in the Askania-Nova Reserve, as well as establish maternal ancestry based on whole hypervariable mitochondrial DNA region profiling, analysis of Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism unique for Przewalski horses, and coat color markers - MC1R (‘fox’), TBX3 (Dun).The mtDNA hypervariable region analysis in 23 Przewalski horses allowed assigning them to three distinctly different haplotypes, showing the greatest similarity to the Equus caballus reference, the Equus przewalskii reference, and to extinct species - Haringtonhippus. The Y chromosome analysis using fluorescently labelled assays (FAM and VIC) differentiated horses in terms of polymorphism (MH341179.1, g731821T>C) characteristic of the species Equus caballus and Equus przewalskii. All 13 male individuals presented genotype C characteristics for Przewalski horses. The polymorphisms within genes related coat color confirmed the presence of primitive genetic variants in Przewalski horses: polymorphism of MC1R gene (ECA3g.36259552C>T) assigned all horses to the genotype with C/C alleles; the two TBX3 polymorphisms (chr8:18,227,267+1,066G>T, chr8:18,226,905A>G) assigned all horses to the genotype with G/G alleles in both loci; and in the third TBX3 1.6 kb in/del polymorphism (chr8:18,227,267) deletions were not observed.
Optimization of the parameters of the selective laser sintering for the formation of PA12 samples by the Taguchi method
Authors: FARAJ ZAINAB , Aboussaleh Mohamed , Zaki Smail , Abouchadi Hamid , Kabiri Rachid 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a 3D printing process on a powder bed that presents a real revolution for many industrial sectors, it allows to produce layer by layer precise prototypes, fast, with high dimensional accuracy and with remarkable mechanical characteristics. This technology uses a laser to fuse polymer micro particles, following the geometry of digitally cut CAD models. However, the external surfaces of the parts produced by this process are characterized by a high degree of roughness due mainly to the properties of the powder, the orientation in the build-up tray and the manufacturing parameters. In this study selective laser sintering experiments were performed with PA12 powders, in order to analyze the optimal process parameters for the realization of parts with minimal roughness. The process parameters chosen for the study were carefully selected and which are laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness and scanning space. The samples were printed in different orientations 0°, 45° and 90°. The Taguchi method was used to study the parameters. Regression equations for each of the orientations were established, these developed a linear relationship between the roughness and the parameters studied.
Resolving multi-dimensional plasma phenomena in Hall thrusters using the reduced-order particle-in-cell scheme
Authors: Reza Maryam , Faraji Farbod , Knoll Aaron 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plasma in Hall thrusters exhibits a complex behavior, characterized by the interplay between various dominant processes in each of the thruster’s coordinates. The emergence of high-power Hall thrusters in the recent years and the design modifications intended to extend the lifetime of these devices have further amplified the three-dimensional nature of the plasma behavior. In this regard, the novel reduced-order particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme provides the possibility to resolve the multi-dimensional interactions in a Hall thruster at a significantly reduced computational cost compared to current multi-dimensional PIC simulations. To demonstrate this point, we present in this article the results from a series of pseudo-two-dimensional simulations we performed in three configurations: axial-azimuthal, azimuthal-radial, and axial-radial. We show that, in each configuration, the pseudo-2D PIC scheme provides a significantly improved picture of the involved physics compared to a one-dimensional PIC simulation and captures self-consistently the coupling between the plasma processes in different directions, notably similar to the observations from full-2D kinetic simulations.
Deficiency of IKKβ in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice
Authors: Schnöder Laura , Quan Wenqiang , Yu Ye , Tomic Inge , Luo Qinghua , Hao Wenlin , Peng Guoping , Li Dong , Fassbender Klaus , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (composed mainly of phosphorylated tau [p-tau]) and neuroinflammation. The pathogenic role of inflammatory activation in AD has been extensively studied; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this project, we investigated how neuronal IKKβ/NF-kB regulates AD-associated pathologies in APP- and tau-transgenic AD mice. Methods: APP- and tau-transgenic mice were cross-bred with ikbkb-floxed and nex-cre knock-in mice to generate AD models with deletion of IKKβ specifically in neurons. After assessing cognitive function with the Morris water maze test, mice were analyzed for Aβ and p-tau levels, microglial numbers, transcription of inflammatory genes, apoptosis and synaptic protein levels in the brain by histological, biochemical and molecular biology methods. To explore pathogenic mechanisms, we analyzed the activity and/or protein levels of: 1) β- and γ-secretases, 2) tau-phosphorylating (e.g., GSK3β and p38α-MAPK) and dephosphorylating enzymes (e.g., PP2A and PP2B), and 3) autophagy-related proteins (e.g., LC3B, beclin1 and SQSTM1/p62). In addition, IKKβ-knockdown and wild-type SH-SY5Y cell lines were created to verify the in vivo results.Results: In APP-transgenic mice, neuronal deficiency of IKKβ decreased Aβ load, inflammatory activation, and apoptosis in the brain, and improved cognitive function and maintenance of synaptic proteins (e.g., PSD-95). IKKβ deficiency decreased BACE1 activity and protein in the brain and cultured neuronal cells. In tau-transgenic mice, neuronal deficiency of IKKβ decreased p-tau, shifted pro- to anti-inflammatory activation and inhibited autophagy in the brain. IKKβ deficiency increased expression of PP2A catalytic subunit isoform A, an enzyme dephosphorylating cerebral p-tau. However, deficiency of IKKβ in neurons did not alter the cognitive function and even increased apoptosis in the brain.Conclusions: Deficiency of IKKβ in neurons attenuates Aβ and p-tau loads in the brains of AD mice. As possible molecular mechanisms, IKKβ deficiency decreases BACE1 activity, thereby reducing Aβ production, and increases PP2A expression, promoting p-tau dephosphorylation. However, IKKβ deficiency protects neurons only in APP-transgenic mice, but not in tau-transgenic AD mice. Further studies are needed before IKKβ/NF-kB can be targeted for AD therapies.
A Proposed Design for 3D-Measurements of the CFF Producing Spatial Distribution over the Retina
Authors: Naggar Ass.Prof. Mona A. El , El-Messiery Prof. Medhat A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The average value of the critical fusion frequency (CFF) of the human eye is not only essential for the modern technological applications but also to the psychophysics of image recognition. The present work introduces a non-invasive technique that can scan the hemispherical visual field determining the CFF response to either chromatic or monochromatic light sources. The proposed design is an automated one such that a 3-D RS is performed, hence obtaining a retinal spatial distribution (RSD) of the CFF. The data is electronically stored, analyzed and plotted. The results obtained, show that the CFF for white light sources; is almost independent on the image location on the retina. On the other hand, the CFF values of chromatic sources namely (red, green and yellow) show strong dependence on the spatial position of the image on the retina. No appreciable dependence on the gender is observed; while the average values of CFF drop significantly with age.
TGF-β controls stromal telomere length through epigenetic modifications
Authors: Mishra Rajeev , Haldar Subhash , Biondi Rajeev , Bhari Vikash Kumar , Singh Gyanendra , Bhowmick Neil A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Telomere length is primarily controlled by the enzyme telomerase, but being chromatin structures, telomeres undergo epigenetic regulation for their maintenance and function. Altered telomere length among cancer cells combined with shorter telomere length in cancer-associated stromal cells, strongly implicated with progression to prostate cancer metastasis and cancer death and providing a novel target for therapeutics. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways are well-recognized for their role in stromal-epithelial interactions responsible for prostate androgen responsiveness, promoting tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains still unclear. We sought to establish a role for TGF-ß in the regulation of telomere length in mouse and human prostate fibroblast. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomere length measuring methods are widely used due to their repeatability and reproducibility. Using real-time RT-PCR based telomere length measuring method, we identified that TGF-beta regulates telomere length via increased expression of histone methyltransferase, Suv39h1, which in turn affected histone methylation levels at the telomeric ends. Moreover, treatment of DAPT and non-steroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide demonstrated that notch and androgen signaling co-operated with TGF-ß in regulating stromal telomere length. Telomere variation in tumor cells and non-tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment greatly facilitates the clinical assessment of prostate cancer; therefore, understanding stromal telomere length regulation mechanism will hold significant prospects for cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis.
Comprehensive analysis to identify GNG7 as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma correlating with immune infiltrates
Authors: Wei Qin , Miao Tianshu , Zhang Pengju , Jiang Baodong , Yan Hua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background:
G Protein Subunit Gamma 7 (GNG7) has been reported to be down-regulated in a variety of tumors including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the correlation between GNG7 and the prognosis as well as the immune infiltrates of LUAD remains unclear.
Methods:
GNG7 expression and its prognostic value in LUAD were assessed through statistically analyzing the data from different databases. A nomogram was constructed to predict the impact of GNG7 on prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analyses GSEA (ssGSEA) were employed to determine the potential signal pathways and evaluated the immune cell infiltration regulated by GNG7. The prognostic significance of GNG7 expression associated with immune cell infiltration was investigated using the TIMER2.0 and the K-M plotter database. The UALCAN, cBioPortal and MethSurv database were used to analyze the correlation between the methylation of GNG7 and its mRNA expression as well as prognostic significance.
Results:
GNG7 was demonstrated to be down-regulated in LUAD and its low expression was associated with poor prognosis. A clinical reliable prognostic-predictive model was constructed. Pathway enrichment showed that GNG7 was highly related to the B cell receptor signaling pathway. Further analysis showed that GNG7 was positively associated with B cell infiltration and low levels of B cell infiltration tended to associate with worse prognosis in patients with low GNG7 expression. Moreover, methylation analysis suggested hypermethylation may contribute to the low expression of GNG7 in LUAD.
Conclusion:
GNG7 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential immunotherapeutic target for LUAD.
Low cervical vertebral CT value increased early subsidence of titanium mesh cage after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Mei Jun , Feng Xiaoning , Deng Chen , Tian Xuefeng , Lv M. S. Junqiao , Sun Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Study Design: This study was a retrospective review.Objective: To study the predictive effect of Hounsfield units (HU) value in cervical vertebral body derived from computed tomography (CT) on the early titanium mesh cage (TMC) subsidence after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ACCF at one institution between January 2014 and December 2018. For age, gender, body mass index (BMI), disease type, surgical segment, whether merge ACDF, HU value of the vertebral body and endplate, vertebral body height loss, cervical lordosis angle and cervical sagittal alignment were recorded. VAS, JOA and NDI were used to assess clinical efficacy. Univariate analysis was performed to screen the influencing factors of TMC subsidence, and then logistic regression was used to find out the independent risk factors. The ROC curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to analyze the HU value to predict the TMC subsidence.Results: A total of 85 patients accepted ACCF were included in this study, and early titanium mesh cage subsidence was demonstrated in 29 patients. The subsidence rate was 34.1%. The JOA, VAS and NDI scores significantly improved in both groups after operation. Between the subsidence and non-subsidence groups, there were significant differences in age, intervertebral distraction height, HU value in both upper and lower vertebral body and endplate. The logistic regression analysis proved that the HU value of lower vertebral body was an independent risk for TMC subsidence, the AUC was 0.866, and the most appropriate threshold of the HU value was 275 (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 79.3%).. Conclusion: Preoperative cervical CT value is an independent correlative factor for early TMC subsidence after ACCF, and patients with low CT value of the inferior vertebral body of the operative segment have a higher risk of TMC subsidence in the early postoperative period.Trial registration: This study is undergoing retrospective registration.
8-HOQ a natural chelating agent from Streptomyces spp inhibits A549 lung cancer cell lines via BCL2/STAT3 regulating pathways
Authors: Balthazar Joseph Devadass , Packiam Soosaimanickam Maria , Emmanuel C. , Thirugnansambantham Krishnaraj , Sheikh Abdullah , Alghafis Saleh Fahad , ibrahim Hairul-Islam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Biomolecules from Streptomyces spp. are emerging sources of natural drugs and have been focused on over the decade. The discovery of bioactive chemotherapeutic molecules from soil Streptomyces spp. has opened the medium for the search for natural drugs. In the current study, 8-HOQ was extracted and purified from soil Streptomyces spp and was evaluated on A549 and BEAS cell lines. The apoptotic and caspase mediated pathways were evaluated using cell proliferation, dual fluorescent staining, migration, invasion and mRNA as well as protein quantification of apoptotic markers. In vitro cytotoxicity test revealed that 8-HOQ possesses potent anticancer activities with IC50 values of 26 µM, 5 µM, 7.2 µM at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h respectively against A549 lung cancer cell lines. The result also demonstrated that 8-HOQ from Streptomyces spp significantly inhibited the A549 lung cancer cell lines and activated the intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The caspase-3 and 8 activities were potentially elevated in 8-HOQ treated A549 cell lines and confirmed that 8-HOQ mediated A549 cancer cell death through the intrinsic pathway. The results explored caspase-mediated apoptosis as a mechanism underlying the inhibition of cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of P53, BCL2 and STAT3 were inhibited in A549 cell lines and confirmed the metastasis inhibitory potential of 8-HOQ by blocking migration and invasion in A549 cell lines. These results indicated that 8-HOQ from Streptomyces spp. potentially inhibited growth and migration of A549 lung cancer cell lines.
New Insights into Cold Shock Proteins Effects in Human Cancer: Correlation
with Susceptibility, Prognosis and Therapeutical Perspectives
Authors: Mirabile Giuseppe , Campo Chiara , Ettari Roberta , Aguennouz M'Hammed , Musolino Caterina , Allegra Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The microenvironment of the tumor cells is central to its phenotypic modification.
One of the essential elements of this milieu is thermal regulation. An augment in local
temperature has been reported to augment the tumor cell's responsiveness to chemoand
radiation treatment. Cold shock proteins are RNA/DNA binding proteins identified
by the existence of one or more cold shock domains. In humans, the best studied components
of this group of proteins are called Y-box binding proteins, such as Y-box binding
protein-1 (YB-1), but several other proteins have been recognized. Biological functions
of these proteins extend from the control of transcription, translation and splicing to the
regulation of exosomal RNA content. Several findings correlate an altered cold shock
protein expression profile with tumor diseases. In this review we summarize the data for
a causative participation of cold shock proteins in cancer onset and diffusion. Furthermore,
the possible use of cold shock proteins for diagnostics, prognosis, and as targets
for cancer treatment is exposed.
Chemotherapeutic Activities of Dietary Phytoestrogens against Prostate Cancer:
From Observational to Clinical Studies
Authors: Sohel Md. , Sultana Habiba , Sultana Tayeba , Mamun Abdullah Al , Amin Mohammad Nurul , Hossain Md. Arju , Ali Md. Chayan , Aktar Suraiya , Sultana Armin , Rahim Zahed Bin , Mitra Sarmistha , Dash Raju 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Prostate cancer remains one of the most frequent and deadliest malignancies in males, where the rate of disease progression is closely associated with the type of dietary intake, specifically Western-style diet. Indeed intake of the Asian diet, which contains abundant phytoestrogens, is inversely correlated with a higher risk of prostate cancer, suggesting a chemoprotective effect of phytoestrogen against cancer progression. Although the role of phytoestrogens in cancer treatment was well documented, their impact on prostate cancer is not well understood. Therefore, the present review discusses the possible chemopreventive effect of phytoestrogens, emphasizing their efficacy at the different stages of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, phytoestrogens provide a cytoprotective effect in conventional chemotherapy and enhance chemosensitivity to tumor cells, which have also been discussed. This compilation provides a solid basis for future research on phytoestrogens as a promising avenue for anticancer drug development and also recommends these beneficiary compounds in the daily diet to manage and prevent prostate cancer.
Therapeutic Management of Lymphoma: Conventional Strategies and
Overcoming Treatment Barriers with Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Le Tien V. , Kim Erica , Togba-Bass Tracy , Bom Joyce C. , Campbell Robert B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
According to the American Cancer Society, the prevalence of lymphoma remains high in
the United States with an estimated 90,390 new cases, and 21,680 deaths annually. Although current
chemotherapeutic regimens approved by the FDA can effectively improve treatment outcomes,
the prognosis remains poor with numerous complications. Current therapeutic strategies have faced
multiple challenges limiting desired therapeutic effects. With the multitude of clinical barriers faced
by conventional treatment strategies, researchers continue to explore the use of nanotherapeutics
over more conventional treatment options. The engineered nanoparticles include starting materials
from a number of biocompatible sources, and the final products can safely incorporate therapeutic
agents, improve drug selectivity to tumor targets, and enhance efficacy profiles, all while reducing
toxicity associated with the drug payload. These are tremendous potential advantages. This review
summarizes the molecular basis of lymphoma, disease progression, and therapeutic challenges encountered
during treatment. The discussions further highlight preclinical and clinical results at the
different clinical stages, reviewing the different types of lymphoma, and summarizing how nanotherapeutics
have addressed challenges confronting treatment.
Oligonucleotide-conjugated Nanomaterials as Biosensing Platforms to
Potential Bioterrorism Tools
Authors: Frias Isaac A.M. , da Silva Junior Alberto G. , Oliveira Maria D.L. , Andrade César A.S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Availing diseases as warfare began before humans learned that microorganisms are involved in
the dissemination of infections. In the past, war brigades had the intention to weaken rival groups by using
festering corpses with the premeditated purpose of causing disease. Nowadays, the unfortunate improvement
of biowarfare is indubitably linked to our extensive collaborative work in exploring the use of
microorganisms and their derivatives to create products and services that are beneficial to society. Natural
defense barriers such as innate immunity and the immune specific adaptive response come to mind when
thinking of bacteria and virus potentially being operated as tools for biological warfare. On the other
hand, some bacterial toxins disrupt the immune cell functions and others do not trigger sufficient immune
response, thus being not suitable for immunotherapy applications. As an alternative to these drawbacks,
the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) develops specific nucleic acid or
peptides for a variety of targets, including toxins. These aptamers are efficiently produced in vitro using
enzymes or synthetical synthesis within days, low cost, and reproducibility. Oligonucleotide aptamers are
a nanotechnological high spot because of their physicochemical characteristics such as resilience, pH
responsiveness, and addressability at the nanoscale. Additionally, they induce no immunogenicity and can
be modified by association with nanoparticles to increase their stability in biological environments. In this
review, we explore the recent trends and perspectives on biosensor construction based on oligonucleotide
aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials as effective biosecurity devices and their relevance to the development
of risk-assessment protocols that could be used as intelligent barriers to provide continuous, cheap, and
easy monitoring to prevent unexpected attacks.