bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lysosomal V-ATPase a3 subunit is involved in localization of Mon1-Ccz1, the GEF for Rab7, to secretory lysosomes in osteoclasts
Authors: Matsumoto Naomi , Sekiya Mizuki , Sun-Wada Ge-Hong , Wada Yoh , Nakanishi-Matsui Mayumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe have shown previously that the lysosomal a3 isoform of the a subunit of vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) interacts with inactive (GDP-bound form) Rab7, a small GTPase that regulates late endosome/lysosome trafficking, and that a3 recruits Rab7 to secretory lysosomes in mouse osteoclasts. This is essential for outward trafficking of secretory lysosomes and thus for bone resorption. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the recruitment of Rab7 by a3 remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we showed that a3 interacts with the Mon1A-Ccz1 complex, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab7, using HEK293T cells. The interaction was mediated by the amino-terminal half domain of a3 and the longin motifs of Mon1A and Ccz1. Exogenous expression of the GEF promoted the interaction between a3 and Rab7. Mon1A mutants that interact inefficiently with Rab7 interacted with a3 at a similar level to wild-type Mon1A. Lysosomal localization of endogenous Ccz1 was abolished in osteoclasts lacking a3. These results suggest that the lysosomal a3 isoform of V-ATPase interacts with Mon1A-Ccz1, and that a3 is important for Mon1A-Ccz1 localization to secretory lysosomes, which mediates Rab7 recruitment to the organelle.
Identification of adeno-associated virus variants for gene transfer into human neural cell types by parallel capsid screening
Authors: Flitsch Lea Jessica , Börner Kathleen , Stüllein Christian , Ziegler Simon , Sonntag-Buck Vera , Wiedtke Ellen , Semkova Vesselina , Au Yeung Si Wah Christina , Schlee Julia , Hajo Mohamad , Mathews Mona , Ludwig Beatrice Stefanie , Kossatz Susanne , Kessler Horst , Grimm Dirk , Brüstle Oliver 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman brain cells generated by in vitro cell programming provide exciting prospects for disease modeling, drug discovery and cell therapy. These applications frequently require efficient and clinically compliant tools for genetic modification of the cells. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) fulfill these prerequisites for a number of reasons, including the availability of a myriad of AAV capsid variants with distinct cell type specificity (also called tropism). Here, we harnessed a customizable parallel screening approach to assess a panel of natural or synthetic AAV capsid variants for their efficacy in lineage-related human neural cell types. We identified common lead candidates suited for the transduction of directly converted, early-stage induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived later-stage, radial glia-like neural progenitors, as well as differentiated astrocytic and mixed neuroglial cultures. We then selected a subset of these candidates for functional validation in iNSCs and iPSC-derived astrocytes, using shRNA-induced downregulation of the citrate transporter SLC25A1 and overexpression of the transcription factor NGN2 for proofs-of-concept. Our study provides a comparative overview of the susceptibility of different human cell programming-derived brain cell types to AAV transduction and a critical discussion of the assets and limitations of this specific AAV capsid screening approach.
Different impact of early and late stages irreversible eye diseases on vision-specific quality of life domains
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Fenwick Eva K. , Man Ryan E. K. , Gan Alfred T. L. , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Quek Debra , Qian Chaoxu , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Cheng Ching-Yu , Lamoureux Ecosse L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo determine the differential impact of the irreversible eye diseases on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in a multi-ethnic Asian population. 2652 participants from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study, with any of the following early and late-stage eye conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD, n = 158), diabetic retinopathy (DR, n = 105; non vision threatening [non-VTDR]; VTDR), glaucoma (n = 57) and myopic macular degeneration (MMD, n = 106), or none of the above (controls, 2226 [83.9%]) were included. Rasch-scaled scores of the Emotional well-being Mobility and Reading subscales of the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire, collectively referred to as “VRQoL” were assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses and pairwise comparisons adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, presence of systemic diseases and presenting VI were performed to assess and compare the impact of the presence and severity of each eye condition on the three IVI domains. Multivariable adjusted pairwise comparisons of VRQoL between early stages of the four eye diseases showed no significant differences (all P > 0.05). For late stage diseases, individuals with VTDR had significantly larger decrements in Emotional well-being compared to glaucoma (β − 0.81; 95% CI − 1.47 to − 0.16) and MMD (β − 1.17; 95% CI − 2.16 to − 0.18); and Reading decrements compared to glaucoma (β − 0.66; 95% CI − 1.22 to − 0.11). When compared to late glaucoma, individuals with late AMD (β − 0.76; 95% CI − 1.50 to − 0.01) had significantly larger IVI Mobility subscale decrements. VTDR and late AMD, appear to have the greatest impact on VRQoL, compared to late glaucoma and MMD, suggesting a differential impact of late-stage eye disease categorization on VRQoL.
Pore structure evolution in andesite rocks induced by freeze–thaw cycles examined by non-destructive methods
Authors: Maľa M. , Greif V. , Ondrášik M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we compare the values of petrophysical properties before and after 100 freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles, as well as recorded length change behaviour and temperature development on a vacuum-saturated fractured andesite rock sample taken from the Babina Quarry in Slovakia using a specially-constructed thermodilatometer, VLAP 04, equipped with two HIRT-LVDT sensors. We also used non-destructive visualization of the rock pore network by µCT imaging in order to study the development of the pore structure and fracture network in pyroxene andesites during the freeze–thaw process. The results show that the andesite rock samples, due to good fabric cohesion, low porosity, and low pore interconnection, showed good resistance against frost-induced damage. However, it must be stated that the main process causing disintegration of this type of rock is fracture opening, which is caused by internal stresses induced by water–ice phase transition. The overall residual strain recorded after 100 F–T cycles was not significant, however, the increase of 31 pp in volume of the fracture showed us that repeated freezing and thawing can lead to long term deterioration in terms of subcritical crack growth in brittle-elastic solids like pyroxene-andesite rocks.
OsSCL30 overexpression reduces the tolerance of rice seedlings to low temperature, drought and salt
Authors: Zhang Jia , Sun Yihao , Zhou Zhanmei , Zhang Yifan , Yang Yanmei , Zan Xiaofei , Li Xiaohong , Wan Jiale , Gao Xiaoling , Chen Rongjun , Huang Zhengjian , Li Lihua , Xu Zhengjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRice is one of the main food crops for the world population. Various abiotic stresses, such as low temperature, drought, and high salinity, affect rice during the entire growth period, determining its yield and quality, and even leading to plant death. In this study, by constructing overexpression vectors D-163 + 1300:OsSCL30 and D-163 + 1300-AcGFP:OsSCL30-GFP, the mechanism of action of OsSCL30 in various abiotic stresses was explored. Bioinformatics analysis showed that OsSCL30 was located on the chromosome 12 of rice Nipponbare, belonging to the plant-specific SCL subfamily of the SR protein family. The 1500 bp section upstream of the open reading frame start site contains stress-related cis-acting elements such as ABRE, MYC, and MYB. Under normal conditions, the expression of OsSCL30 was higher in leaves and leaf sheaths. The results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of OsSCL30 decreased after low temperature, drought and salt treatment. In root cells OsSCL30 was localized in the nuclei. The results of the rice seedling tolerance and recovery tests showed that overexpression of OsSCL30 diminished the resistance to low temperature, drought and salt stresses in transgenic rice and resulted in larger accumulation of reactive oxygen species. This study is of great significance for exploring the response mechanisms of SR proteins under abiotic stresses.
Foretinib mitigates cutaneous nerve fiber loss in experimental diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Daeschler Simeon C. , Zhang Jennifer , Gordon Tessa , Borschel Gregory H. , Feinberg Konstantin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetes is by far, the most common cause of neuropathy, inducing neurodegeneration of terminal sensory nerve fibers associated with loss of sensation, paresthesia, and persistent pain. Foretinib prevents die-back degeneration in cultured sensory and sympathetic neurons by rescuing mitochondrial activity and has been proven safe in prospective clinical trials. Here we aimed at investigating a potential neuroprotective effect of Foretinib in experimental diabetic neuropathy. A mouse model of streptozotocin induced diabetes was used that expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in peripheral nerve fibers under the thy-1 promoter. Streptozotocin-injected mice developed a stable diabetic state (blood glucose > 270 mg/dl), with a significant reduction of intraepidermal nerve fiber density by 25% at 5 weeks compared to the non-diabetic controls. When diabetic mice were treated with Foretinib, a significantly greater volume of the cutaneous nerve fibers (67.3%) in the plantar skin was preserved compared to vehicle treated (37.8%) and non-treated (44.9%) diabetic mice while proximal nerve fiber morphology was not affected. Our results indicate a neuroprotective effect of Foretinib on cutaneous nerve fibers in experimental diabetic neuropathy. As Foretinib treated mice showed greater weight loss compared to vehicle treated controls, future studies may define more sustainable treatment regimen and thereby may allow patients to take advantage of this neuroprotective drug in chronic neurodegenerative diseases like diabetic neuropathy.
Noise logic with an InGaN/SiNx/Si uniband diode photodetector
Authors: Song Jiaxun , Nötzel Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNoise logic is introduced by the wavelength dependent photocurrent noise of an InGaN/SiNx/Si uniband diode photodetector. A wavelength versus photocurrent noise discrimination map is constructed from the larger photocurrent noise for red light than that for green light. A minimum measurement time of four seconds is deduced from the standard deviation of the photocurrent noise for a safe wavelength distinction. A logic NOT gate is realized as representative with on or off red or green light as binary 1 or 0 inputs and the photocurrent noise above or below a defined threshold as binary 1 or 0 outputs.
The role of overbalance pressure on mud induced alteration of sandstone rock pore system
Authors: Gamal Hany , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Adebayo Abdulrauf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOverbalance pressure is a very critical parameter in drilling operations. It has a great impact on formation damage, depending on other downhole parameters such as temperature, time, type and composition of mud, and rock mineralogical content. The objective of this study is to determine the degree of the impact of overbalance pressure on mud–rock interaction and the resultant effects on the rock pore system. This research presents an experimental study for the interaction of a Berea Buff sandstone and barite water-based under different overbalance pressure (300, 700, and 1000 psi) under the same temperature and interaction time. The experiments involved the use of the scanning electron microscope and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements to monitor changes in the pore system of the rock samples. A modified filtration cell was used to accommodate the rock samples and mud at different overbalance pressures. The obtained results showed that the filtration properties, rock flow characteristics (rock permeability, pore throat radius, and pore system scale type) are all affected by increasing the overbalance pressure. The filtration properties increased in terms of mud cake thickness and filtrate volume by 111% and 36% respectively when the overbalance pressure was increased from 300 to 1000 psi. The total rock porosity showed a decrease from 21.6% (pre-mud interaction) to 17.6, 15.2, and 14.2% under 300, 700, and 1000 psi, respectively. The rock permeability decreased by 75% under 1000 psi overbalance pressure while pore throat radius decreased by 45%. However, the rock pore type remains on the same scale (Macro) after interaction with the mud. Statistical analysis showed that the rock porosity and permeability decreased with the overbalance pressure increase through a polynomial relationship with a high determination coefficient of 0.99. Analysis of the internal pore system by the scanning electron microscope showed that the formation damage is mainly attributed to the precipitations of mud solids as overbalance pressure is increased.
Prevalence of leptospirosis among patients attending renal and general outpatient clinics in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Wambi Rogers , Worodria William , Muleme James , Aggrey Siya , Mugisha Lawrence 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we sought to establish the prevalence of leptospirosis among renal patients and general outpatients attending Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda. A total of 254 patients were recruited, their blood samples collected and interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires provided between July and October 2018. These questionnaires captured data on sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms of leptospirosis disease. An individual with an average body temperature of 37.3 ± 1.1 °C was considered to be having fever. The blood samples were analyzed using the standard Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) with a panel of 14 Leptospira-serovars belonging to 11 serogroups. Prevalence was reported with confidence intervals while questionnaire data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. We present an overall prevalence of leptospirosis at 4.70% (95% CI = 2.60–8.30) after analysis of samples from recruited patients. This seropositivity (12/254) was classified into 7 serovars, among which, Canicola and Djasiman presented with titers between ≥ 200 and ≥ 400 in samples of both renal patients and outpatients, indicative of the active disease. Djasiman was the highest contributor to the reported prevalence. Overall, most examined participants presented with common symptoms of abdominal pain (AOR = 24.4, 95% CI (2.42–267.89), p = 0.02) and dehydration (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI (0.01–0.69), p = 0.05). Our study suggests that these symptoms and previous history of abdominal pain may be caused by Leptospira infections among the studied participants. We therefore recommend inclusion of leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis for renal and febrile illnesses. Indeed, abdominal pain and dehydration should be further studied with a bigger sample size and for other related febrile illnesses.
Investigation of the electromagnetic characteristics and operating performance of a bidirectional PM excited machine
Authors: Ge Yanjun , Liu Zhenhan , Zhou Kaikai , Yang Junyue , Liu Dongning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a study of bidirectional permanent magnet excited machine (BPMEM) based on the study of field-modulation permanent magnetic gear machine (FPGM). The BPMEM structure includes the installation of consequent-pole permanent magnets (PMs) on both the stator and rotor sides of the FPGM so that the stator and rotor can be bidirectionally excited to increase the working airgap flux density amplitude, reduce the flux leakage between poles, and increase the torque density. Therefore, the paper first analysis the influence of different airgap structures and PM arrangements on the airgap flux density and studies the winding slot–pole combination and the resulting working flux density harmonics to analyse the electromagnetic torque generation mechanism. By using the finite element analysis (FEA), the quantitative analysis and comparison of the FPGM, slot-wedge-less FPGM (SWL-FPGM), consequent-pole FPGM (CP-FPGM) and BPMEM verify the superiority of BPMEM in improving electromagnetic torque. In addition, the paper also studies the key performance of BPMEM’s overload capacity, power factor and flux-weakening capability. Finally, no-load and independent load experiments are carried out on the FPGM prototype to verify the correctness of the FEA model and analysis method of the machine in this paper.
Explaining sex differences in risk of bloodstream infections using mediation analysis in the population-based HUNT study in Norway
Authors: Mohus Randi Marie , Gustad Lise T. , Furberg Anne-Sofie , Moen Martine Kjølberg , Liyanarachi Kristin Vardheim , Askim Åsa , Åsberg Signe E. , DeWan Andrew T. , Rogne Tormod , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Damås Jan Kristian , Solligård Erik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies indicate sex differences in incidence and severity of bloodstream infections (BSI). We examined the effect of sex on risk of BSI, BSI mortality, and BSI caused by the most common infecting bacteria. Using causal mediation analyses, we assessed if this effect is mediated by health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption), education, cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index) and selected comorbidities. This prospective study included 64,040 participants (46.8% men) in the population-based HUNT2 Survey (1995–1997) linked with hospital records in incident BSI. During median follow-up of 15.2 years, 1840 (2.9%) participants (51.3% men) experienced a BSI and 396 (0.6%) died (56.6% men). Men had 41% higher risk of first-time BSI (95% confidence interval (CI), 28–54%) than women. Together, health behaviours, education, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities mediated 34% of the excess risk of BSI observed in men. The HR of BSI mortality was 1.87 (95% CI 1.53–2.28), for BSI due toS. aureus2.09 (1.28–2.54),S. pneumoniae1.36 (1.05–1.76),E. coli0.97 (0.84–1.13) in men vs women. This study shows that men have higher risk of BSI and BSI mortality than women. One-third of this effect was mediated by potential modifiable risk factors for incident BSI.
Radioprotective effects and mechanism of HL-003 on radiation-induced salivary gland damage in mice
Authors: Ren Jingming , Huang Rong , Li Yanjie , Chen Ruiyang , Tian Hongqi , Liu Chenlu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR) can cause damage to the structure and function of salivary glands. Our research group independently synthesized the ROS scavenger, HL-003. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HL-003 on radiation-induced salivary gland injury. Salivary flow rate measurement, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, FRAP, TUNEL, and western blotting were used to evaluate the radioprotective effect on salivary glands. The results showed that HL-003 protected the salivary secretion function by protecting the AQP-5 protein, on the salivary epithelial cell membrane, from IR damage. HL-003 reduced oxidative stress in the salivary gland by regulating the expression of ROS-related proteins NOX4, SOD2, and 8-OHdG. Furthermore, HL-003 downregulated the expression of p-p53, Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9, and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, suggesting that it could inhibit the activation of p53 to reduce cell apoptosis. In conclusion, HL-003 is an effective radioprotector that prevents damage of the radiation-induced salivary gland.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics reveals metabolic perturbations in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Jajin Morteza Ghazanfari , Abooshahab Raziyeh , Hooshmand Kourosh , Moradi Ali , Siadat Seyed Davar , Mirzazadeh Roghieh , Chegini Koorosh Goodarzvand , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare tumor that arises from parafollicular cells within the thyroid gland. The molecular mechanism underlying MTC has not yet been fully understood. Here, we aimed to perform plasma metabolomics profiling of MTC patients to explore the perturbation of metabolic pathways contributing to MTC tumorigenesis. Plasma samples from 20 MTC patients and 20 healthy subjects were obtained to carry out an untargeted metabolomics by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Multivariate and univariate analyses were employed as diagnostic tools via MetaboAnalyst and SIMCA software. A total of 76 features were structurally annotated; among them, 13 metabolites were selected to be differentially expressed in MTC patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). These metabolites were mainly associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acid metabolisms, mostly leucine, glutamine, and glutamate, tightly responsible for tumor cells' energy production. Moreover, according to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, metabolites with the area under the curve (AUC) value up to 0.90, including linoleic acid (AUC = 0.935), linolenic acid (AUC = 0.92), and leucine (AUC = 0.948) could discriminate MTC from healthy individuals. This preliminary work contributes to existing knowledge of MTC metabolism by providing evidence of a distinctive metabolic profile in MTC patients relying on the metabolomics approach.
Risk factors for moderate-to-severe postoperative pain after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Haotian , Ding Tianfu , Yan Siyi , Huang Zhongyue , Zhang Huan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive procedure for removing renal calculi, while a large number of patients experience acute moderate-to-severe pain despite the analgesia provided. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for postoperative pain after PCNL, which may provide a novel perspective to refine the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program and to improve clinical outcomes. The clinical data of 331 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital from September 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The pain intensity was assessed every 4 h until 24 h post-surgery. According to the visual analog scale (VAS) score, patients were divided into two groups: mild or no pain group (VAS score, 0–3) and moderate-to-severe pain group (VAS score, 4–10). The pre-, peri-, and post-operative data were collected and analyzed. The indicators with statistically significant differences were selected, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the risk factors for postoperative pain after PCNL. Among 331 patients, 221 patients had moderate-to-severe pain and the incidence rate was 66.77%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe pain after PCNL were the diameter of the renal calculus (odds ratio (OR) = 6.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.50–15.56, P = 0.001), the number of renal calculi (OR = 15.892, 95% CI 7.721–32.711, P < 0.01), the presence of residual calculi (OR = 1.780, 95% CI 0.897–3.533, P = 0.01), and operation time (OR = 1.033, 95% CI 1.020–1.046, P < 0.01). The diameter of the renal calculus, the number of renal calculi, the presence of residual calculi, and operation time were significant predictors of postoperative pain after PCNL.