bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Manoj Preethy , Derwin Rosemarie , George Sherly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHip fractures have a huge impact in reducing the quality of life and increasing mortality. This review aims to assess the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in people over 65 years.MethodsPRISMA guidelines were followed and RCTs that evaluated the effectiveness of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 plus calcium in preventing hip fracture in adults over 65 years were included in the study. The databases such as Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from October 2019‐ January 2020.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to check the quality of the included studies. A meta‐analysis with fixed effect model using Review Manager (Revman 5.3) was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe meta‐analysis of seven RCTs on vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation and hip fracture (n = 12,620) identified odds ratio (OR) of 0.75; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.64, 0.87; p = .0003. Daily oral supplementation of 800 IU of Vitamin D3 plus 1200 mg of calcium was found more effective (n = 5676 participants; OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82; p < .0001) than daily oral supplementation of 800 IU of Vitamin D3 plus 1000 mg of calcium (n = 6555,OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.56; p = .70) in reducing hip fracture. A meta‐analysis of the seven RCTs to identify the incidence of non‐vertebral fracture gave the OR of 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89; p < .0001. A meta‐analysis of three RCTs on femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) (n = 483) gave a mean difference of 1.21; 95% CI: ‐0.79, 3.20; p = .24.ConclusionDaily oral supplementation 800 IU of vitamin D3 plus 1200 mg of calcium reduces hip fracture and non‐vertebral fracture in older people. Administering vitamin D3 and calcium supplements had no effect in increasing the femoral neck BMD.Implications for practiceEven though it is evident from the review that optimal daily intake of vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation help in the prevention of fracture, it is only one essential element in fracture prevention. Also, people who are on dietary supplements should be compliant with same for better result. Efforts to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis should begin from an early age. It includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, optimal intake of calcium and vitamin D3, proper nutrition, adequate exposure to sunlight, exercise etc. Proper education on healthy lifestyle, avoiding risk factors like smoking, caffeine, alcohol and awareness of bone health should continue throughout life with emphasis during menopause when increased bone loss is expected.
Research utilisation in older people care: Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of instruments into Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Fares Mainá Osório Akel , Perracini Monica Rodrigues , Rosa Matheus Augusto Braga Marques Vieira , Cunha Ana Izabel Lopes , de Souza Mariana Abacherly , Ricci Natalia Aquaroni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo translate and culturally validate the Estabrooks' Kinds of Research Utilization (RU) and the Conceptual Research Utilization Scale (CRU) into Brazilian Portuguese; and to describe the research use by health professionals working on Long Term Care Institutions (LTCI) for older people.BackgroundResearch utilisation ensures greater quality and effectiveness in the care provided by health professionals. However, there are no instruments to evaluate research utilisation in Latin America countries, like Brazil.Materials & MethodsA methodological cross‐sectional questionnaire validity and descriptive study. The translation and adaptation of the instruments was performed in seven steps following psychometric guidelines. The instruments evaluate research utilisation by health professionals in clinical practice. The RU is composed of single‐items of instrumental, persuasive, conceptual and overall forms; and the CRU the conceptual form through a 5‐item scale. Professionals of technical level and graduated working in nine LTCI were evaluated from August to December 2018. Descriptive and inferential (reliability, correlation, internal consistency and structure of CRU) analyses were conducted.ResultsSample composed of 117 professionals, 67.5% of healthcare aides and 32.5% of graduated health professionals. All forms of research utilisation showed high implementation in practice (about 75% of the time, or frequently). CRU internal consistency (α = 0.885) and structure were adequate. There were significant correlations between RU and CRU (from very low r = 0.187 to high r = 0.712). Intra‐rater, inter‐rater and alternate forms reliability ranged from moderate to substantial.ConclusionsThe Brazilian versions of the RU and the CRU are valid, reliable and acceptable for evaluating research utilisation by professionals working on LTCI. It is of great relevance to introduce these instruments in low‐ and middle‐income countries to have future data on how much older people care is influenced by the best evidence available. These instruments can be adapted to different healthcare settings and populations.
PlantPhoneDB: A manually curated pan‐plant database of ligand‐receptor pairs infers cell–cell communication
Authors: Xu Chaoqun , Ma Dongna , Ding Qiansu , Zhou Ying , Zheng Hai‐Lei 
Published: July 2022

SummaryLigand‐receptor pairs play important roles in cell–cell communication for multicellular organisms in response to environmental cues. Recently, the emergence of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) provides unprecedented opportunities to investigate cellular communication based on ligand‐receptor expression. However, so far, no reliable ligand‐receptor interaction database is available for plant species. In this study, we developed PlantPhoneDB (https://jasonxu.shinyapps.io/PlantPhoneDB/), a pan‐plant database comprising a large number of high‐confidence ligand‐receptor pairs manually curated from seven resources. Also, we developed a PlantPhoneDB R package, which not only provided optional four scoring approaches that calculate interaction scores of ligand‐receptor pairs between cell types but also provided visualization functions to present analysis results. At the PlantPhoneDB web interface, the processed datasets and results can be searched, browsed, and downloaded. To uncover novel cell–cell communication events in plants, we applied the PlantPhoneDB R package on GSE121619 dataset to infer significant cell–cell interactions of heat‐shocked root cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. As a result, the PlantPhoneDB predicted the actively communicating AT1G28290‐AT2G14890 ligand‐receptor pair in atrichoblast–cortex cell pair in Arabidopsis thaliana. Importantly, the downstream target genes of this ligand‐receptor pair were significantly enriched in the ribosome pathway, which facilitated plants adapting to environmental changes. In conclusion, PlantPhoneDB provided researchers with integrated resources to infer cell–cell communication from scRNA‐seq datasets.
Cytomegalovirus infection and disease in pediatric liver transplantation: Burden of disease under a preemptive therapy approach
Authors: Arroyo‐Orvañanos Jorge , Hernández‐Plata José‐Alejandro , Erro‐Aboytia Rosa , Nieto‐Zermeño Jaime , Reyes‐López Alfonso , Varela‐Fascinetto Gustavo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCMV remains a frequent complication after liver transplantation. Few studies exist in children reporting the epidemiology and outcomes of CMV after LT with current prevention strategies. Our goal is to report the incidence of CMV infection and disease in pediatric LT recipients under preemptive therapy, identify risk factors, complications, and adverse reactions to treatment.MethodsAll pediatric LT recipients from a single center (1998–2018) were included. Antigenemia pp65 (1998–2003) and QNAT or both were used to inform preemptive therapy. Cutoff value for starting treatment was Agpp65 > 10 + cells/200 000 or QNAT >1500 copies/ml or any value in high‐risk recipients (D+/R−).ResultsOne hundred eighteen LT were analyzed. CMV infection was detected in 67% of patients, only 44 (37%) required treatment, and 5 (4%) developed CMV disease. All patients responded well to treatment, and no graft or patients were lost to CMV effects. There were no differences in mortality, CMV indirect effects, or other complications between those who required treatment and those who did not. Thirty‐two percent of the patients who received antivirals developed an adverse hematological reaction. Risk factors associated with CMV infection requiring treatment were D+/R− (OR 13.9, p = .01) and fulminant hepatitis (OR 4.8, p = .02).ConclusionsPreemptive therapy for CMV in children is safe and effective, yields low CMV infection rates that require treatment, and minimal rates of CMV disease, without increasing CMV‐related complications. Using this strategy, 63% of our patients did not receive treatment. Therefore, drug exposure, adverse reactions, and resistance risk were minimized.
Overcoming limits: First ABO incompatible living donor paired kidney transplant in an hypersensitized pediatric recipient in Spain
Authors: Calzada Yolanda , Revuelta Ignacio , Codina Elena , Alcaraz Antonio , López‐Báez Víctor , Paredes David , Arango Pedro , Palou Eduard , Garcia‐Herrera Adriana , Oppenheimer Federico , Diekmann Fritz , Madrid Álvaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHLA sensitization is a growing problem in children awaiting kidney transplantation. In some cases, finding an immunologically compatible donor entails contemplating the option of an ABO incompatible transplant or paired transplant.MethodsPatient with genetic nephrotic syndrome and progressive chronic kidney disease, with a previous thrombosis of a first kidney transplant, resulting hypersensitized and remaining for a long‐time on hemodialysis. Despite a desensitization strategy, family members were incompatible and deceased donation options must be ruled out due to the presentation of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA). After 4 years, the possibility arises to perform a kidney paired transplant with a 62‐year‐old woman with an incompatible blood group. Although the current cytotoxicity‐ and cell‐based crossmatches were negative, history of DSA were recorded.ResultsAn intensive ABO and HLA desensitization protocol was performed in order to combat the isohemagglutinin antibodies and on the memory‐HLA, based on rituximab, apheresis sessions, and immunoglobulins. Despite the donor being older in terms of pediatric transplantation, the donor‐recipient weight difference, and immunological risk, the transplant was completed successfully. Maintenance of titration of up to 1/2 was confirmed after 3 weeks post‐transplant (IgM and IgG). Kidney biopsy at 2 weeks and 6 months without signs of rejection. The patient is currently 12 months post‐transplant and has not presented any signs of transplant rejection and has proper renal function.ConclusionsKidney paired transplantation is an excellent solution for hypersensitized children, and ABO incompatibility can be considered to increase their options to find a good donor, without thereby obtaining worse results.
Chemophototherapeutic Ablation of Doxorubicin‐Resistant Human Ovarian Tumor Cells†
Authors: Ghosh Sanjana , Chitgupi Upendra , Sunar Ulas , Lovell Jonathan F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPorphyrin‐phospholipid (PoP) liposomes loaded with Doxorubicin (Dox) have been demonstrated to be an efficient vehicle for chemophototherapy (CPT). Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a problematic phenomenon in which tumor cells develop resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we report that Dox‐resistant tumor cells can be ablated using our previously described formulation termed long‐circulating Dox loaded in PoP liposomes (LC‐Dox‐PoP), which is a PEGylated formulation containing 2 mol. % of the PoP photosensitizer. In vitro studies using free Dox and LC‐Dox‐PoP showed that human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells were more susceptible to Dox compared to the corresponding Dox‐resistant A2780‐R cells. When CPT was applied with LC‐Dox‐PoP liposomes, effective killing of both nonresistant and resistant A2780 cell lines was observed. An in vivo study to assess the efficiency of LC‐Dox‐PoP showed effective tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival of athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous Dox‐resistant A2780‐R tumor xenografts when they were irradiated with a red laser. Biodistribution analysis demonstrated enhanced tumoral drug uptake in Dox‐resistant tumors with CPT, suggesting that increased drug delivery was sufficient to induce ablation of resistant tumor cells.
Comparison of the host response to larvicidal and nonlarvicidal treatment of naturally acquired cyathostomin infections in horses
Authors: Steuer Ashley E. , Scoggin Kirsten , Stewart John C. , Barker Virginia D. , Adams Amanda A. , Loynachan Alan T. , Nielsen Martin K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to collect information on local and systemic inflammatory responses, and goblet cell‐associated components, following anthelmintic treatment with moxidectin and ivermectin in horses naturally infected with cyathostomin parasites. Thirty‐six horses aged 2–5 years of age were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 received ivermectin/praziquantel (0.2 mg/kg), Group 2 received moxidectin/praziquantel (0.4 mg/kg) and Group 3 were untreated controls. Tissue samples from the Cecum, Dorsal and Ventral Colons were used for histopathological evaluation and preserved for RNA isolation and gene expression analysis. Whole blood was collected weekly for gene expression analysis as well. The control group had significantly higher inflammation associated with higher larval scores. The treatment groups displayed no differences in larval counts and inflammatory cell populations (p > .05). Mucosal larval counts were positively correlated with goblet cell hyperplasia scores (p = .047). The moxidectin‐treated group had a significantly lower expression of IFN‐γ (p < .05). The data suggest that removal of cyathostomins reduced the pro‐inflammatory response associated with cyathostomin infections. Pro‐inflammatory reactions associated with anthelmintic treatment were minimal, but lowest for moxidectin‐treated horses. Results suggested that cecum, ventral and dorsal colons responded differently to cyathostomin larvae, which may have implications in the disease process.
Co‐optation in co‐production: Maintaining credibility and legitimacy in transboundary environmental governance in East Asia
Authors: Otsuka Kenji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article challenges the prevailing discourse on regional environmental governance in East Asia, emphasizing the risk of co‐optation among scholars and other experts through state authority in the transboundary co‐production of knowledge and action. By collecting first‐hand materials through the participatory observation of related events, organizing workshops, and conducting interviews, the research identified 15 transboundary cooperative networks in various fields of environmental sustainability issues and the involvement of 25 nonstate actors, including academics and practitioners. Using a comparative ethnographic approach for interpreting a nuanced sense of their experiences at the backstage of transboundary co‐production, the study found several strategies for boundary management to maintain credibility and legitimacy and to remain involved in transboundary co‐production with broad partners, including public and private actors. The nonstate actors have to be careful to engage in transboundary co‐production without eliminating any existing legitimacy of regional governance. In this sense, nonstate actors employ an ad‐hoc strategy of boundary management in determining a contingent situation surrounding the legitimacy of their initiatives and themselves and maintain their credibility to avoid co‐optation.
Public sentiment towards economic sanctions in the Russia–Ukraine war
Authors: Ngo Vu M. , Huynh Toan L. D. , Nguyen Phuc V. , Nguyen Huan H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces novel data on public sentiment towards economic sanctions based on nearly 1 million social media posts in 108 countries during the Russia–Ukraine war by using machine learning. We show the geographical heterogeneity between government stances and public sentiment. Finally, we show how political regimes, trading relationships and political instability can predict how people perceive this war.
Efficiency and sustainability in municipal social policies
Authors: Ríos Ana‐María , Guillamón María‐Dolores , Cifuentes‐Faura Javier , Benito Bernardino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLocal governments play a crucial role in the fight for a more sustainable world and, therefore, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as they are the closest public entities to citizens and best know their needs. Local governments should be the driving force behind integrating the different areas of sustainability in their municipalities, especially in social services, which is the focus of this paper. However, these governments have limited resources, making it necessary to provide public services as efficiently as possible. To present a complete picture of the factors that affect efficiency in social service provision, we have taken into account the SDGs related to the social sphere of sustainability (SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 5, and SDG 10), in addition to the determinants usually collected in studies on efficiency in local governments. For a sample of Spanish municipalities, we found that local governments that have made more progress in achieving SDG 2 are more efficient. In contrast, municipalities that have worked the most to reduce gender inequalities (SDG 5) are less efficient in providing social services. The other SDGs do not influence the efficiency analysed.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitism in preschool and school children in Colombia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pazmiño Fredy A. , Mora‐Salamanca Andrés Felipe , Mahecha Brenda Stefania Pérez , Moreno Esteban Javier Pérez , Olivera Mario J. , Ospina Angelica Knudson , López Myriam Consuelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health challenge in developing countries such as Colombia, causing anaemia and delayed growth and development in children. We aimed to estimate the geographical and prevalence trend of IPIs in the last 30 years in school and preschool children in Colombia.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We identified potential manuscripts through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo and Google Scholar on the IPIs prevalence in school and preschool children in Colombia. Articles included in the qualitative analysis were published between 1990 and 2020 in English or Spanish and met the inclusion criteria. Subsequently, a random‐effects meta‐analysis, a meta‐regression and a trend analysis were performed.ResultsWe identified 2292 articles; 109 were included in the qualitative review, and 79 articles were included in the meta‐analysis. The estimated IPI prevalence was 55% (95% CI: 48–63). By age group, the prevalence in preschool children was 37% (95% CI: 26–49) and 66% (95% CI: 52–78) in schoolchildren. The prevalence by region was heterogeneous, with the Amazon being the highest (69%) and the Santanderes the lowest (28%). In the last 20 years, the prevalence of helminthiasis has decreased (from 64.66% in 1990–1995 to 22.09% in 2016–2020).ConclusionThe prevalence of IPIs is high (>30%) in three of the seven regions in Colombia. Biannual administration of mass deworming in schoolchildren is recommended in the Amazon region. Public policies aiming to control IPIs should be reinforced. Further prevalence studies should include Cesar, Guaviare, Vichada and Vaupés, where the epidemiology of IPIs is unknown.Sustainable Development GoalsGood health and wellbeing, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities.
A guided search: Formulating a PICOT from assigned areas of inquiry
Authors: McClinton Tracy D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe evidence‐based practice (EBP) competencies of cultivating inquiry and formulation of Population, Intervention, Outcome, and Time (PICOT) questions are essential to quality improvement, healthcare outcomes, and the development of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) scholarly projects. Education and assessment of EBP competencies into the DNP curriculum, particularly formulation of PICOT questions, provide guidance and evaluate mastery of students' individual skills and group work. Utilization of a PICOT template is an approach to aid large cohorts of students in writing healthcare‐specific PICOTs to guide them in search of quality evidence. Guided inquiry through collaboration with community partners can aid in identifying community needs. Assigning an area of inquiry allows stakeholders, community partners, and nursing students an opportunity to ask the necessary questions to improve health care, and simultaneously meet the need for evidence‐based quality improvement.
Incorporation of class I charged generalized polytropes with Karmarkar and complexity factor
Authors: Khan Shiraz , Mardan S. A. , Rehman M. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, we will incorporate three very useful aspects of astrophysics, generalized polytropes, Karmarkar condition and complexity factor to study the compact objects. For this purpose a charged anisotropic fluid distribution is used under static spherical symmetry. We develop a framework for class I generalized charged Lane–Emden equations for non-isothermal and isothermal regimes. Generalized polytropic equation of state with its two cases, mass density and energy density along with complexity factor lead us to the systems of differential equations and these systems are solved numerically. Finally, solutions of these systems are discussed graphically.
Effect of Bending of Carbon Dioxide Laser Fibers on Power Output
Authors: Michaelides Elias , Patel Tirth R. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe power output from carbon dioxide (CO2) laser fibers has the potential to be diminished if there are any bends along its course, which may alter the effect the laser has on the target tissue. In this study, we assess how bending of CO2 laser flexible fiber assemblies affects the energy output measured at the end of the fiber.Study DesignLaboratory study.SettingLaboratory.MethodsEight separate flexible fibers were tested—4 were of a type commonly used in endoscopic airway procedures, and the other 4 were a type used in otologic surgery. Fibers were bent in various configurations, and the power output of a CO2 laser fired through the bent fiber was measured. The output through the bent fiber was normalized to the output with a straight fiber. Correlations between bend parameters and power outputs was tested using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.ResultsFor the airway fibers, there was a weak trend toward increasing energy outputs with greater radius of curvature (P =. 714) and a negative correlation between the energy output and arc of rotation (P =. 043). For the otologic fibers, there was a trend toward increasing energy outputs with greater radius (P =. 084) and a strong negative correlation between the energy output and the arc of rotation (P =. 006).ConclusionCO2 laser energy output is reduced by bending of the laser fiber assembly. When using the CO2 laser fiber, surgeons should be aware of any bends in the fiber and are encouraged to take measures to minimize bending.