bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on interfacial moisture storage and its relation to the mechanical behavior in polymer composites
Authors: Kannan Manikandanbabu , Swaminathan Gowthaman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMoisture absorption in composites significantly influence the fiber/matrix interface regions and mechanical properties. Hence, it is very important to quantify the moisture storage in interfaces and correlate it to the mechanical behavior. The novelty of this article is that, for the first time, it explores the correlation of moisture absorption parameters with the mechanical behavior of composites. The paper studies four different types of moisture‐soaked composites—glass fiber/epoxy, carbon fiber/epoxy, ZnO nanowire incorporated glass fiber/epoxy, and ZnO nanowire incorporated carbon fiber/epoxy. One‐dimensional hindered diffusion model (1D HDM) was used for the extraction of moisture absorption parameters. The hindrance coefficient (ratio of bound to unbound moisture) of composites was found to increase proportionately with the increase in the volume of interfacial regions. Only in carbon fiber/epoxy composite, it did not increase proportionately due to the relatively larger degradation of interface. This was correlated well with mechanical test responses wherein carbon fiber/epoxy exhibited anomalous failure modes due to relatively larger degradation of interface. Numerical simulations were also carried out to describe the moisture absorption in composites. Numerical simulations of moisture absorption in composites using time‐varying boundary conditions matched very well with experimental as well as 1D HDM results.
Recent tapering from long‐term opioid therapy and odds of opioid‐related hospital use
Authors: Mazurenko Olena , Blackburn Justin , Zhang Pengyue , Gupta Sumedha , Harle Christopher A. , Kroenke Kurt , Simon Kosali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThe number of patients tapered from long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) has increased in recent years in the United States. Some patients tapered from LTOT report improved quality of life, while others face increased risks of opioid‐related hospital use. Research has not yet established how the risk of opioid‐related hospital use changes across LTOT dose and subsequent tapering. Our objective was to examine associations between recent tapering from LTOT with odds of opioid‐related hospital use.MethodsCase‐crossover design using 2014–2018 health information exchange data from Indiana. We defined opioid‐related hospital use as hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits for a drug overdose, opioid abuse, and dependence. We defined tapering as a 15% or greater dose reduction following at least 3 months of continuous opioid therapy of 50 morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day or more. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsRecent tapering from LTOT was associated with increased odds of opioid‐related hospital use (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.34–1.63), ED visit (OR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.35–1.72), and inpatient hospitalization (OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.20–1.65). We found no evidence of heterogeneity of the effect of tapering on opioid‐related hospital use by gender, age, and race. Recent tapering among patients on a high baseline dose (>300 MME) was associated with increased odds of opioid‐related hospital use (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 2.12–4.11, p < 0.001) compared to patients on a lower baseline doses.ConclusionsRecent tapering from LTOT is associated with increased odds of opioid‐related hospital use.
Amplification of macromolecular helicity of poly(biphenylylacetylene)s composed of a small amount of chiral [5]helicene units
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Anzai Shun , Oki Kosuke , Yashima Eiji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA series of novel biphenylylacetylene (BPA)‐based chiral/achiral copolymers bearing a small amount of configurationally labile optically active [5]helicene pendants (5, 10, and 20 mol%) introduced at the 4′‐position of the biphenyl units was synthesized. An almost fully right (P)‐handed helical copolymer was obtained when copolymerized with 10 mol% of the (M)‐[5]helicene‐bound BPA monomer, indicative of a very strong sergeants and soldiers effect. The (M)‐helicene units of the copolymers are configurationally labile and gradually racemized over time. However, the copolymer with 10 mol% of the (M)‐[5]helicene‐bound BPA mostly maintained its preferred‐handed helicity even after the pendant helicene units were completely racemized, which can be ascribed to the static memory of the main‐chain helicity stabilized by the bulky yet racemic helicene units. Hence, the helicity memory of the corresponding helicene‐free homopolymer was lost rapidly. For comparison, an optically inactive copolymer containing 10 mol% of the racemic [5]helicene units was also prepared, and noncovalent helicity induction and subsequent memory of the helicity as well as its helix‐memory stability were investigated.
Importance of “SMART valve positioners” in testing of final control elements in safety instrumented systems application
Authors: Patel Hemant J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany industrial facilities, especially those in the chemical and oil and gas industries, involve inherent risk in operations due to the processing of materials that may be hazardous in nature. It is therefore necessary to precisely identify and analyze these hazards, operability issues, associated risks, and consequences. Safety instrumented systems (SIS) are often used to reduce the risk associated with processes or plants to an acceptable or tolerable level. The reliability of safety function(s) implemented through SIS is dependent on how reliable the sub‐elements of the safety function, that is, sensors, logic solvers, and final elements, are. The final elements of such a SIS usually include the emergency shutdown valves, depressurizing valves, emergency isolation valves, and critical on–off valves. Since these final elements remain continuously open or are sometimes closed during the normal operation of the plant, it becomes a challenge to operate the final elements when there is a demand on the SIS. During an emergency, if these final elements fail to operate, this contributes to the dangerous failure of the plant, which may result in explosion, fire, or catastrophic damage to plant assets, environment, and personnel. Hence, it is essential to test these final elements frequently while in operation, without disturbing the operation of the running plant, to ensure that these final elements are available to perform their intended functions when needed. Smart valve positioners are one of the options among various methods available to test the final elements without disturbing the process. This paper evaluates the application, functionality, diagnostics, and advantages of SMART positioners in the testing of final control elements in a SIS application.
Road to achieving COVID‐19 herd immunity in Niger Republic: Challenges and recommendations
Authors: Abdou Sil‐Ana Salissou , Amos Oladunni Abimbola , Onwuemene Ogechi Vida , Odey Goodness Ogeyi , Nsikak Abasi Caleb James 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 pandemic has had tremendous impact on countries across the world and Niger Republic is not left out of the ravaging impact of the virus. The rapid dissemination of the virus across the globe has led to the development of safe and efficacious vaccines at an unprecedented level. While Niger Republic has prioritized COVID‐19 vaccination in line with the global plan to attain herd immunity by vaccinating 70% of world's population, the country has continued to struggle to expand coverage of its population. Niger Republic is faced with challenges such as conflict, COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy, poor COVID‐19 vaccine demand and inefficient information system, consequently leading to low COVID‐19 vaccine demand and uptake. These challenges coupled with the different wave of the pandemic, the latest largely driven by the Omicron variant has slowed down progress towards achieving herd immunity in Niger Republic. There is need for the Nigerien government to scale up vaccination drive as well as implement refined approaches towards achieving the country's herd immunity target. This paper aimed to discuss the current state of COVID‐19 vaccination including efforts and challenges towards achieving herd immunity in Niger Republic, thus informing strategies to ramp up COVID‐19 vaccination in the country.
Low Concentration of Peroxymonosulfate Triggers Dissolved Oxygen Conversion over Single Atomic Fe–N3O1 Sites for Water Decontamination
Authors: Zhao Zhiyu , Zhang Peng , Tan Haobin , Liang Xiaoying , Li Tong , Gao Yaowen , Hu Chun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAchieving satisfactory organic pollutant oxidation with a low concentration of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is vital for persulfate‐involved advanced oxidation processes to reduce resource consumption and avoid excessive sulfate anion (SO42−) production. Herein, efficient conversion of dissolved oxygen (DO) over single‐atomic Fe–N3O1 sites anchored on carbon nitride for efficient contaminant degradation is fulfilled, triggered by a low concentration of PMS (0.2 mm). Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the preferentially adsorbed PMS onto atomic Fe–N3O1 center can deliver electrons toward the single Fe atom to increase its electron density to trigger DO reduction into superoxide radical (O2• −) and successive transformation into singlet oxygen (1O2), which is quite different from the conventional PMS activation process mostly depending on PMS itself function for reactive oxygen species generation. On the other hand, PMS with high concentration could occupy active Fe–N3O1 sites to hamper DO conversion and further produce massive SO42−. A couple of ‐Fe‐CN0.05 ‐and slight PMS is effective for actual kitchen wastewater remediation and long‐term bisphenol A degradation. This work elucidates the triggering role of low‐concentration PMS in DO conversion over a single‐atom Fe catalyst, which can inspire the development of resource‐saving, cost‐effective, and environmentally‐friendly catalytic oxidation systems for environmental restoration.
LiDAR sensors in smartphones can enrich herbarium specimens with 3D models of habitat at high precision and little cost
Authors: Zizka Alexander , Joerger‐Hickfang Theresa , Imhof Stephan , Méndez Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe amount of habitat information collected with herbarium specimens traditionally depends on the commitment of individual collectors to generate free‐text descriptions. The resulting incomplete and unstandardized information limits the use of specimens for many ecological and biogeographic applications and may even limit their use in taxonomy. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) is an emerging technique for generating 3D environmental laser scans and is included in the latest generation of certain commercial smartphones and tablets. Here we argue, that widespread handheld LiDAR devices have an enormous potential for herbarium specimens by facilitating the collection of detailed 3D models of specimen habitat with little additional cost in the field. Furthermore, we report our experiences with using LiDAR during herbarium specimen collection and present a perspective on how LiDAR data may technically be linked with physical herbarium specimens.
Comparative transcriptomics analysis at the key stage of maize ear development dissect heterosis
Authors: Wang Liangfa , Li Juan , Lin Yuan , Dang Kuntai , Wan Jiong , Meng Shujun , Qiu Xiaoqian , Wang Qiyue , Mu Liqin , Ding Dong , Luo Hongbing , Tang Jihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImportant traits related to maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, such as kernel row number, ear length, kernel number per row, are determined during the development of female inflorescence. There is a significant positive correlation between yield component and the activity of inflorescence meristem (IM). To find the key stage of heterosis in the development of the ear, immature ears (from the IM stage until the end of the floral meristem [FM] stage) of Yudan888 and its parent lines were sampled to assay phenotype and for comparative transcriptomics analysis. The immature ear length of Yudan888 at the IM stage fitted an additive (mid‐parental) model, but it showed high parental dominance at the spikelet‐pair meristem (SPM) stage. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes suggested significant differences between additive and nonadditive expression patterns for different developmental stages. The number of distinct maternal or paternal genes (DMP) (genes expressed only in one parental line and their hybrid but silenced in another line) was greater than ABF1 (genes expressed in both parental lines but silenced in hybrid) at each stage. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment suggested that the cell redox homeostasis genes with overdominance expression patterns in hybrids have an important contribution to heterosis. According to our research, an ear length heterosis network was established. The discovery of the inflection point for ear length heterosis allows us for inferring that the transition state of IM to SPM may be the starting point of ear length heterosis. These findings improved the understanding of maize ear length heterosis.
Subarachnoid‐peritoneal shunt to treat a diffuse thoracolumbar arachnoid diverticulum in a dog
Authors: Violini Francesca , Shaw Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, male German shepherd dog presented with a chronic history of hindlimb gait abnormalities, urinary and faecal incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging of the area revealed a diffuse subarachnoid diverticulum (from T6 to L2), and a novel subarachnoid‐peritoneal shunting technique was considered. Surgery involved a T11–T13 dorso‐lateral hemilaminectomy and placement of a lumbar catheter into the diverticulum via durectomy. The catheter was then inserted into the peritoneal cavity via a left lateral incision to the abdomen. The dog recovered well from the surgical procedure and showed a resolution of its clinical signs at the follow‐up appointment (2 weeks after surgery). The patient represented 7 months later for recurrence of urinary and faecal incontinence and mild pelvic limb ataxia. Repeated diagnostic imaging revealed kinking of the lumbar catheter. Revision surgery was performed and the patient showed a resolution of the pelvic limb ataxia the following day. Patient lost to long‐term follow‐up.
Degradation of magenta dye using cavitation‐based transducers to glass marble: Lab to semi‐pilot scale operations
Authors: Bagal Manisha V. , Suryawanshi Mahesh A. , Shinde Sanket N. , Pinjari Dipak V. , Mohod Ashish V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the degradation of magenta dye has been investigated using ultrasonic (US) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at a laboratory scale. Additionally, the investigation was conducted at a semi‐pilot scale by employing hydrodynamic cavitation and a novel air‐marble cavitation reactor. Initially, optimization studies such as the effect of initial dye concentration and catalyst loading of TiO2 and MnO2 followed by the effect of combined catalyst loading (TiO2/MnO2) on the extent of degradation have been studied at a capacity of 3 L. It was observed that the US irradiation results in 87.1% and 68.2% of degradation, whereas the UV irradiation results in 79.8% and 56.4% extent of degradation at 1 g/l of TiO2 and 0.8 g/l of MnO2, respectively. The maximum degradation was 92.1% at the combined loading of 0.6 g/l (1:0.8; TiO2:MnO2) using US irradiation with a capacity of 3 L and 81.3% using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with a semi‐pilot scale capacity of 7 L. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis also showed the highest COD removal of 92% at a small scale using the US irradiation and 76% at a semi‐pilot scale using hydrodynamic cavitation. On a small scale, the cost of a US/TiO2 + MnO2 treatment scheme is US$ 0.01/L, whereas on a semi‐pilot scale using HC/TiO2 + MnO2, the cost is US$ 0.04/L. Both of these treatment schemes offer viable pathways for degradation based on energy and economic assessments. Overall, the current work has clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the cavitational reactor for the efficient degradation of magenta dye from lab to semi‐pilot scale operation.Practitioner Points

Small‐scale dye containing wastewater treatment using ultrasound and ultraviolet irradiation
Combined use of catalysts at large‐scale operations with novel cavitation techniques
Novel cavitation techniques studied for dye degradation.
Energy efficiency and cost analysis evaluated for AOPs studies.
Effect of electrode parameters in the electro‐production of reactive oxidizing species via boron‐doped diamond under batch mode
Authors: Bany Abdelnabi Ahmad A. , Al Theeb Nader , Almomani Mohammed A. , Ghanem Hanadi , Rosiwal Stefan M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOzone and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are powerful reactive oxidizing species (ROS) that are commonly utilized in water disinfection. The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is often used to generate such oxidants, whereas optimizing its experimental setup and electrode parameters plays a crucial role in its performance. This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron‐doped diamond. The effect of electrode's active area, type of electrode substrates (mesh or sheet), type of mesh substrate (rolled and unrolled), and number of anodes and cathodes are examined. The results showed that the use of two long‐rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode and one long‐rolled mesh as a cathode gives the optimal performance of electrolysis process at 15 V potential and 3 min. These results will provide a start for developing a cost accepted, health‐safe, household disinfection device that reduces susceptibility to human life‐threatening waterborne diseases.Practitioner Points
This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron‐doped diamond.
The effect of electrode's parameters on the electro‐production of ROS is examined.
The best performance is achieved using rolled mesh electrodes.
Two long‐rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode electrodes and one long‐rolled mesh cathode electrode give the optimal electrolysis process performance.
A natural model of spontaneous CP violation
Authors: Girmohanta Sudhakantha , Lee Seung J. , Nakai Yuichiro , Suzuki Motoo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We examine the possibility of building a natural non-supersymmetric model of spontaneous CP violation equipped with the Nelson-Barr (NB) mechanism to address the strong CP problem. Our approach is to utilize a doubly composite dynamics where the first confinement of the CFT occurs at the scale of spontaneous CP violation (SCPV) and the second confinement at the TeV scale. A holographic dual description of this 4D set-up via a warped extra dimension with three 3-branes provides an explicit realization of this idea. In this model, radiative corrections to the strong CP phase are well under control, and the coincidence of mass scales, which we generally encounter in NB models, is addressed. Our model also provides an explanation to the quark Yukawa hierarchies, and a solution to the gauge hierarchy problem just as in the usual Randall-Sundrum model with the Higgs being localized on the TeV brane.
Shear induced polarization: collisional contributions
Authors: Lin Shu , Wang Ziyue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been realized that thermal shear plays a similar role as thermal vorticity in polarizing spin of particles in heavy ion collisions. We point out that shear has a funda- mental difference that it leads to particle redistribution in the medium. The redistribution gives rise to an additional contribution to spin polarization through the self-energy, which is parametrically the same order as the one considered so far in the literature. The self-energy contribution is in general gauge dependent. We introduce double gauge links stretching along the Schwinger-Keldysh contour to restore gauge invariance. We also generalize the straight path to adapt to the Schwinger-Keldysh contour. We find another contribution associated with the gauge link, which is also parametrically the same order. We illustrate the two contributions with a massive probe fermion in massless QED plasma with shear. A modest suppression of spin polarization is found from the combined contributions when the probe fermion has momentum much greater than the temperature.
Bounds on the Number of Maximal Subgroups of Finite Groups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches Adolfo , Esteban-Romero Ramón , Jiménez-Seral Paz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper we obtain significant bounds for the number of maximal subgroups of a given index of a finite group. These results allow us to give new bounds for the number of random generators needed to generate a finite d-generated group with high probability.
Anästhesiologisches und postinterventionelles Management bei perkutaner hepatischer Melphalanperfusion (Chemosaturation)
Authors: Kliem Peter , Ebel Sebastian , Werdehausen Robert , Girrbach Felix , Bösemann Denis , van Bömmel Florian , Denecke Timm , Stehr Sebastian , Struck Manuel F. 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie perkutane hepatische Perfusion mit dem Chemotherapeutikum Melphalan (PHMP) ist eine Letztlinientherapie bei Patienten mit inoperablen primären oder sekundären Lebertumoren. Dabei wird die Leber transarteriell mit Melphalan perfundiert und aufgesättigt (Chemosaturation), mit dem Ziel, die Lebertumoren selektiv und ohne dessen systemische zytotoxische Eigenschaften zu behandeln. Über einen Extrakorporalkreislauf und eine Ballonokklusion der V. cava inferior wird das venöse hepatische Blut hämofiltriert und venös zurückgeleitet. Verfahrensbedingt kommt es dabei zu einer ausgeprägten Kreislaufdepression und einer Störung der plasmatischen Gerinnung. In diesem Artikel wird das anästhesiologische und postinterventionelle Management bei Patienten mit PHMP beschrieben und auf Fallstricke und Besonderheiten hingewiesen.