bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does integrated information theory make testable predictions about the role of silent neurons in consciousness?
Authors: Bartlett Gary 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tononi et al. claim that their integrated information theory of consciousness makes testable predictions. This article discusses two of the more startling predictions, which follow from the theory’s claim that conscious experiences are generated by inactive as well as active neurons. The first prediction is that a subject’s conscious experience at a time can be affected by the disabling of neurons that were already inactive at that time. The second is that even if a subject’s entire brain is “silent,” meaning that all of its neurons are inactive (but not disabled), the subject can still have a conscious experience. A few authors have noted the implausibility of these predictions—which I call the disabling prediction and the silent brain prediction—but none have considered whether they are testable. In this article, I argue that they are not. In order to make this case, I first try to clarify the distinction between active, inactive (i.e. silent), and inactivated (i.e. disabled) neurons. With this clarification in place, I show that, even putting aside practical difficulties, it is impossible to set up a valid test of either the disabling prediction or the silent brain prediction. The conditions of the tests themselves are conditions under which a response from the subject could not reasonably be interpreted as evidence of consciousness or change in consciousness.
Long-term winter food supplementation shows no significant impact on reproductive performance in Mountain Chickadees in the Sierra Nevada Mountains
Authors: Sonnenberg Benjamin R , Welklin Joseph F , Branch Carrie L , Pitera Angela M , Benedict Lauren M , Heinen Virginia K , Kozlovsky Dovid Y , Bridge Eli S , Pravosudov Vladimir V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Supplemental feeding of wild animal populations is popular across many areas of the world and has long been considered beneficial, especially to avian taxa. Over 4 billion dollars are spent by hobby bird feeders in the United States each year alone. However, there is mixed evidence whether wildlife feeding is beneficial, including when it is implemented as a conservation management tool, a targeted experimental design, or an avocation. Much of the current evidence suggests that providing supplemental food is advantageous to the reproductive output and general survival of focal taxa. However, many of these studies are limited in scope and duration, leaving possible negative impacts unaddressed. This is particularly true regarding passive backyard feeding, which describes the majority of supplemental feeding, including the immense effort of millions of public enthusiasts. Here we show that winter supplemental feeding prior to reproduction had no significant impact on a range of reproductive parameters in a resident, montane passerine species, the Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli). This population resides in an intact natural environment with no exposure to supplemental food beyond our experimental treatments, and individual birds were tracked across six years using radio frequency identification technology. Our results add to the growing evidence that supplemental feeding alone, isolated from the effects of urban environments, may have little to no impact on the population dynamics of some avian taxa.
Observing how deep neural networks understand physics through the energy spectrum of 1D quantum mechanics
Authors: Ogure Kenzo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate how neural networks (NNs) understand physics using 1D quantum mechanics. After training an NN to accurately predict energy eigenvalues from potentials, we used it to confirm the NN’s understanding of physics from four different aspects. The trained NN could predict energy eigenvalues of different kinds of potentials than the ones learned, predict the probability distribution of the existence of particles not used during training, reproduce untrained physical phenomena, and predict the energy eigenvalues of potentials with an unknown matter effect. These results show that NNs can learn physical laws from experimental data, predict the results of experiments under conditions different from those used for training, and predict physical quantities of types not provided during training. Because NNs understand physics in a different way than humans, they will be a powerful tool for advancing physics by complementing the human way of understanding.
Focal epilepsy impacts rapid eye movement sleep microstructure
Authors: Schiller Katharina , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Avigdor Tamir , El Kosseifi Charbel , Abdallah Chifaou , Minato Erica , Gotman Jean , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Whereas there is plenty of evidence on the influence of epileptic activity on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep macro- and micro-structure, data on the impact of epilepsy on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep remains sparse. Using high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG), we assessed global and focal disturbances of sawtooth waves (STW) as cortically generated sleep oscillations of REM sleep in patients with focal epilepsy.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (13 females; mean age, 32.6 ± 10.7 years; 12 temporal lobe epilepsy) and 12 healthy controls (3 females; 24.0 ± 3.2 years) underwent combined overnight HD-EEG and polysomnography. STW rate, duration, frequency, power, spatial extent, IED rates and sleep homeostatic properties were analyzed.

Results
STW rate and duration were reduced in patients with focal epilepsy compared to healthy controls (rate: 0.64/min ± 0.46 vs. 1.12/min ± 0.41, p = .005, d = −0.98; duration: 3.60 s ± 0.76 vs. 4.57 ± 1.00, p = .003, d = −1.01). Not surprisingly given the fronto-central maximum of STW, the reductions were driven by extratemporal lobe epilepsy patients (rate: 0.45/min ± 0.31 vs. 1.12/min ± 0.41, p = .0004, d = −1.35; duration: 3.49 s ± 0.92 vs. 4.57 ± 1.00, p = .017, d = −0.99) and were more pronounced in the first vs. the last sleep cycle (rate first cycle patients vs. controls: 0.60/min ± 0.49 vs. 1.10/min ± 0.55, p = .016, d = −0.90, rate last cycle patients vs. controls: 0.67/min ± 0.51 vs. 0.99/min ± 0.49, p = .11, d = −0.62; duration first cycle patients vs. controls: 3.60s ± 0.76 vs. 4.57 ± 1.00, p = .003, d = −1.01, duration last cycle patients vs. controls: 3.66s ± 0.84 vs. 4.51 ± 1.26, p = .039, d = −0.80). There was no regional decrease of STWs in the region with the epileptic focus vs. the contralateral side (all p &gt; .05).

Conclusion
Patients with focal epilepsy and in particular extratemporal lobe epilepsy show a global reduction of STW activity in REM sleep. This may suggest that epilepsy impacts cortically generated sleep oscillations even in REM sleep when epileptic activity is low.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia prevents and alleviates suicidal ideation: insomnia remission is a suicidolytic mechanism
Authors: Kalmbach David A , Cheng Philip , Ahmedani Brian K , Peterson Edward L , Reffi Anthony N , Sagong Chaewon , Seymour Grace M , Ruprich Melissa K , Drake Christopher L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Insomnia is associated with elevated levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) may reduce suicidal ideation (SI). However, the role of digital therapeutics in both the alleviation and prevention of SI remains unclear, and treatment mechanisms facilitating SI reductions have not been clearly identified.

Methods
A total of 658 adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition insomnia disorder enrolled in a single-site randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of digital CBTI relative to attention control. Outcomes were measured at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1-year follow-up.

Results
Before treatment, 126 patients endorsed SI (19.1% prevalence). Among those with baseline SI, CBTI patients reported lower SI rates at posttreatment (30.0% vs 54.5%, p = .005) and 1-year follow-up (29.6% vs 46.8%, p = .042) relative to control. PRODCLIN analysis estimated that half of suicidolytic effects of CBTI were mediated through insomnia remission. Among those without baseline SI, CBTI did not directly prevent new onset SI. However, insomnia remitters reported lower rates of new-onset SI at posttreatment relative to non-remitters (1.5% vs 6.5%, p = .009). Mediation analysis supported a significant indirect effect wherein CBTI increased the likelihood of insomnia remission, which was associated with SI prevention (αβ = −3.20, 95% CI = −5.74 to −0.87).

Conclusion
Digital CBTI reduces insomnia symptoms, which promotes SI alleviation and prevention. For nonsuicidal patients, digital CBTI may serve as a highly accessible monotherapy for improving sleep, thereby reducing the risk for SI. For suicidal patients, digital CBTI may be appropriately administered as an adjunct treatment to support mainline intervention more directly targeting suicidogenic thoughts.
A Viability Analysis of Tumor-Bearing Frozen Autograft for the Reconstruction After Resection of Malignant Bone Tumors Using 99mTc-MDP Scintigraphy
Authors: Araki Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Igarashi Kentaro , Higuchi Takashi , Abe Kensaku , Taniguchi Yuta , Yonezawa Hirotaka , Morinaga Sei , Asano Yohei , Nojima Takayuki , Taki Junichi , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of the Report
Several methods are used to reconstruct bony defects after malignant tumor excision. Tumor-bearing frozen autograft reconstruction is a biological procedure in which tumor-bearing bone is reused after devitalization with liquid nitrogen to kill tumor cells. The viability of frozen autografts has not been fully evaluated over time. We therefore aimed to evaluate the viability of devitalized bone grafts, using 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy.

Patients and Methods
Seventy-four patients who underwent frozen autograft reconstruction after the excision of a malignant bone tumor were enrolled. Two hundred forty-two postoperative 99mTc-MDP scans were reviewed. For a quantitative analysis, the region of interest on the frozen bone segment and a symmetric region of interest on the contralateral normal area were manually set. The radioactive tracer uptake ratio was calculated by dividing the count density of the frozen bone segment by that of the contralateral normal area in each image. An uptake ratio of 0.9 to 1.1 was defined as a normalization of tracer uptake.

Results
Normalization of tracer uptake was achieved in 95% to 97% of the cases by 60 months postoperatively, and earlier in the middle zone and peripheral zone in the pedicle freezing group in comparison to the free freezing group (both P = 0.03). Fracture and nonunion was associated with a low uptake ratio, whereas infection was associated with a high uptake ratio before the occurrence of the event.

Conclusions
The calculation of the uptake ratio using 99mTc-MDP scans was an objective and accurate evaluation method. The period to normalization of tracer uptake in the pedicle frozen bone was significantly earlier than that in the free frozen bone. The postoperative complications can be also predicted.
Excellent Response to Multimodal Therapy Approach in Hyperfunctioning Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Diagnosed on 123I-SPECT/Ultrasound Fusion Imaging
Authors: Leder Theresa , Seifert Philipp , Drescher Robert , Gühne Falk , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An 83-year-old woman presented with new-onset hyperthyroidism and suspicious thyroid nodules on ultrasound (US). Conventional 99mTcO4 thyroid scintigraphy showed hyperfunctioning areas that could not be clearly assigned to the US findings. With the aid of 123I-SPECT/US fusion imaging, suspicious nodules were unambiguously identified as autonomously hyperfunctioning lesions. Additional 123I whole-body scan revealed iodine-avid lymphonodular and pulmonal metastases. Clinical diagnosis of hormone-active thyroid carcinoma was made and histologically confirmed. Because of significant hyperthyroidism as well as multiple partially iodine-negative metastases, a multimodal treatment regime consisting of 131I radioiodine therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy was conducted, leading to almost complete remission.
Sequential Brain Perfusion Findings in a Case of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Authors: Ghomari Cherifa Fazila , Misgault Bastien , Diallo Alpha Oumar , Durand Helene , Bund Caroline , Namer Izzie Jacques 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 60-year-old man with chronic alcoholism for 30 years was admitted to the hospital for an acute alcoholic syndrome with global confusional state, cognitive disorders, and ataxia. MRI detected bilateral mamillary bodies T2 hypersignal related to Wernicke encephalopathy. It was treated by oral thiamine supplementation with clinical improvement. Two months later, he was rehospitalized for rapidly progressive dementia symptoms. Brain perfusion scintigraphy revealed pontine hyperperfusion and right hippocampal hypoperfusion. One month after IV thiamine supplementation, brain perfusion scintigraphy showed normalization of perfusion abnormalities in the pons and right hippocampus, leading to the diagnosis of alcoholic-related osmotic demyelination syndrome.
Extensive Drop Metastases From Pineal Gland Tumor
Authors: Saini Vivek Kumar , Ora Manish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pineal gland tumors are an infrequent central nervous system manifestation. Their prevalence is only less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. They generally involve children or young adults aged younger than 40 years. Extracranial or spinal drop metastases are very rare from pineal gland tumors. In this case, 18FDG PET/CT demonstrates drops in metastases involving the entire length of the spinal as well as multiple other intracranial metastatic lesions.
A NURSING PHILOSOPHY OF CHRONIC DISEASE SERVICES-BASED PALLIATIVE CARE NURSING DURING COVID-19
Authors: Nimah Lailatun , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Nursalam  
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionPalliative care is a special service particularly in the cases of chronic disease. The scope of palliative care includes populations with old age, chronic diseases, and processes of facing death. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the health system, including palliative care.The purpose of this study is to explain nursing palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodThis paper is result of a literature review. The data bases used were Scopus, Springerlink, Science direct. The search is limited to publications in 2020-2022, open acces, and English language. Then selected using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram and obtained 13 articles.ResultPalliative care as a special care aims to reduce suffering and improve the quality of life of patient and family. Palliative care can be applied to acute hospital, community, nursing care, as well as residential care homes and hospices. The goal of palliative care is to prevent and reduce suffering in any form, including reducing pain through early identification, correct assessment, as well as treatment of pain and other problems. Many barries are felt by patients and families in accessing health services during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social restrictions.ConclusionPalliative care requires the involvement of various parties, including the government, health workers, and the community to overcome various barriers. During the COVID-19 pandemic in palliative care, special health policies are needed that are able to maintain the health status of patients so that the patient’s illness does not get worse.
Personalized Functional Brain Network Topography Predicts Individual Differences in Youth Cognition
Authors: Keller Arielle S. , Pines Adam R. , Sydnor Valerie J. , Cui Zaixu , Bertolero Maxwell A. , Barzilay Ran , Alexander-Bloch Aaron F. , Byington Nora , Chen Andrew , Conan Gregory M. , Davatazikos Christos , Feczko Eric , Hendrickson Timothy J. , Houghton Audrey , Larsen Bart , Li Hongming , Miranda-Dominguez Oscar , Roalf David R. , Perrone Anders , Shanmugan Sheila , Shinohara Russell T. , Fan Yong , Fair Damien A. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndividual differences in cognition during childhood are associated with important social, physical, and mental health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Given that cortical surface arealization during development reflects the brain’s functional prioritization, quantifying variation in the topography of functional brain networks across the developing cortex may provide insight regarding individual differences in cognition. We test this idea by defining personalized functional networks (PFNs) that account for interindividual heterogeneity in functional brain network topography in 9-10 year olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSMStudy. Across matched discovery (n=3,525) and replication (n=3,447) samples, the total cortical representation of fronto-parietal PFNs positively correlated with general cognition. Cross-validated ridge regressions trained on PFN topography predicted cognition across domains, with prediction accuracy increasing along the cortex’s sensorimotor-association organizational axis. These results establish that functional network topography heterogeneity is associated with individual differences in cognition before the critical transition into adolescence.
Patterns of convergent somatic hypermutations in the adaptive immune response of Mus musculus
Authors: Wenner Alexander C. , Mettler Charles A. , Sharp Ellie M. , Hansen Thomas C. , Vari Isabella B. , Le Alexander V. , Zimmermann Jörg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe analyzed a dataset of 964 clonally unrelated murine antibodies for which structures have been deposited in the PDB. 454 of the 964 antibodies have gapless germline assignments and do not have excessive numbers of computationally identified somatic hypermutations (SHMs). About 5,500 SHMs were identified, of which approximately 3,500 are in the framework. We then searched for correlated convergent SHMs, i.e. groups of SHMs that arose independently in different antibodies but at the same sequence position and with the same germline and mature amino acid identity. A surprisingly large number of groups of correlated convergent SHMs were found. 329 antibodies share at least two, 161 antibodies share at least three, 87 antibodies share at least four, and 53 antibodies share at least five identical SHMs with another antibody in the dataset. We then analyzed whether any of the correlated SHMs are forming structural cluster. Approximately 400 clusters where CFWMs are located within 10 Å of each other were identified. 158 of these clusters are in the framework region. Identification of such structural clusters of correlated convergent SHMs may help identify adaptive mutations that act in an antigen-independent manner.
Triggered functional dynamics of AsLOV2 by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance at high magnetic fields
Authors: Maity Shiny , Price Brad D. , Wilson C. Blake , Mukherjee Arnab , Starck Matthieu , Parker David , Wilson Maxwell Z. , Lovett Janet E. , Han Songi , Sherwin Mark S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present time-resolved Gd-Gd electron paramagnetic resonance (TiGGER) at 240 GHz for tracking inter-residue distances during a protein’s mechanical cycle in the solution state. TiGGER makes use of Gd-sTPATCN as spin labels, whose favorable qualities include a spin-7/2 EPR-active center, short linker, narrow intrinsic linewidth, and virtually no anisotropy at high fields (8.6 T) when compared to nitroxide spin labels. Using TiGGER, we determined that upon light activation, the C-terminus and N-terminus of AsLOV2 separate in less than 1 s and relax back to equilibrium with a time constant of approximately 60 s. TiGGER revealed that the light-activated long-range mechanical motion is slowed in the Q513A variant of AsLOV2 and is correlated to the similarly slowed relaxation of the optically excited chromophore as described in recent literature. TiGGER has the potential to valuably complement existing methods for the study of triggered functional dynamics in proteins.
Disease-causing variant recommendation system for clinical genome interpretation with adjusted scores for artefactual variants
Authors: Kim Ho Heon , Woo Junwoo , Kim Dong-Wook , Lee Jungsul , Seo Go Hun , Lee Hane , Lee Kyoungyeul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the process of finding the causative variant of rare diseases (RD), accurate assessment and prioritization of genetic variants is essential. Although quality control (QC) of genetic variants is strictly performed, the presence of artefactual variants in the remaining set of variants can deteriorate the process. Variant QC and prioritization have been treated as separate processes, leading to limited efficiency and risk of misdiagnosis.ResultsWe developed a disease-causing variant recommendation system that integrates quality control into variant prioritization by adjusting scores for artefactual variants. We confirmed that the QC-related features of the variants contribute to a significant performance improvement. For genomic data from 2,878 patients with rare disorders, the recall rate of finding causative variants was 0.961 for the top 5 ranked variants. We also found that our system recognized the anomaly of QC-related features, so that the scores of artifactual variants to be disease-causing were assessed relatively low.ConclusionsIntegration of variant QC and prioritization help reduce the risk of misdiagnosis based on artefactual variants and increase the effectiveness of clinical genome interpretation.
Visual experience instructs the organization of cortical feedback inputs to primary visual cortex
Authors: Dias Rodrigo F. , Rajan Radhika , Baeta Margarida , Marques Tiago , Petreanu Leopoldo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCortical feedback (FB) projections are thought to modulate lower-order activity depending on learned expectations. However, whether FB inputs become bound to specific lower-order neurons depending on experience is unknown. We measured the effects of dark rearing and manipulations of experienced visual statistics on the retinotopic specificity of projections from the lateromedial (LM) visual area to layer 1 of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). LM inputs were, on average, retinotopically matched with V1 neurons irrespective of visual experience. While the orientation tuning of LM axons determined the retinotopic position of the V1 neurons they innervated, this organization was absent in dark-reared mice. Restricting visual experience to a narrow range of orientations revealed that visual experience exerts an instructive role in the retinotopic organization of LM inputs in V1. Our observations support theories of hierarchical computation proposing that inputs from higher-order neurons to lower-order ones reflect learned hierarchical associations.