bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative T&D Switching Equipment and Development of its Testing Technology
Authors: Smeets René P.P. , Derviškadić Arman , Hofstee Adriaan B. , Nijman Roy M. , Belda Nadew A. , Baum Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A short overview of the developments in the overall transmission and distribution industry in South East Europe is presented in this contribution. Furthermore, as the present journal focuses on breaking and switching in HV and MV switchgears, several technology innovations in T&D switchgear have been identified, at global level. In almost all cases, the ongoing energy transition is the main driver of these innovations. In this contribution, based on test-experience and overview of the industry, innovations are grouped by drivers, with each of them having its impact on testing technology.
These drivers are the following:
1. Increase of ratings: the ongoing trend of co-existence of micro-, local- and super-grids. The consequences for testing of switchgear for UHV and very large current are highlighted:
2. Offshore transmission: compactness and reliability are requirements stretched to the limit for this application. Very long cables for AC and HVDC power transmission, even in a multi-terminal topology will have impact on switchgear.
3. Health safety and environment: here, the major switchgear related discussion is on SF6 replacement and reduction of electrical losses. Various issues related to SF6 replacement will be highlighted. In addition, a recent project intended to quantify the hazard of aluminium bus bars in power stations affected by long duration fault arcs is described.
4. HVDC and power electronics: circuit breakers are going to be installed in multi-terminal HVDC grids. Testing of HVDC breakers, regarding the complete interruption current process is described.
5. Digitalization: switchgear is going to be communicating with the IEC 61850 communication protocol. This will impact testing for which laboratories need to prepare. The introduction of smaller micro-electronics (sensors, IED) closer to primary HV components and its high-frequency transients need careful consideration regarding operation, endurance, and lifetime.
6. Resilience and fault mitigation: Resilience against severe weather conditions, vandalism and cyber-attacks calls for resistant equipment and robust mobile equ ipment/substations that can 6be deployed very rapidly still having an extreme degree of readiness and availability.
7. Quality assurance of products in the face of a pandemic and a lockdown requires adequate methods of a remote digital access to test, and factory sites for type testing and inspection.
New Method of Leak Rate Measurement in SF6 Free Medium Voltage Switchgear Using Helium and Ambient Air
Authors: Ana Ricardo Santa , Muchametow Marvin , Ramesh Manjunath 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The current medium voltage Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) predominantly use Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) as insulation medium. The leakage tests performed on GIS use either SF6 or Helium medium to ensure gas tightness. However, SF6 has been strictly regulated for the last years due to the high global warming potential effect on the planet. As a response, new technologies are emerging using air as insulation medium. The present work establishes a basic comparison of the leakage rate in a medium voltage GIS using two different leak detection methods: Helium leak detector and Residual Gas Analyser (RGA). Both methods use Helium and additionally RGA using air as tracer gas.
Analysis of Deformations and Von-Misses Stresses of the Main Shaft System in a Load Break Switch
Authors: Hajradinović Džanko , Santamaria Sergio , Delić Sead , Uzelac Nenad , Touhami Maroua , Kapetanović Mirsad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the study of deformations and Von-Misses stresses of the main shaft system during opening and closing operations of a rotary SF6 load break switch (LBS). The shaft consists of three axially connected parts made of steel where components are on ground potential and of plastic material, which is on high potential. The insulating shaft carries three rotating knife-blade contacts for the three phases. Static deformation of the insulating shaft is calculated by applying a defined torque between the two ends of the shaft. The results allow deducing the dynamic deformation. Maximum values of Von-Misses stresses are located at the geared connection between the plastic and the steel shaft. The rotation of the shaft system is measured synchronously by two optical rotary encoders in the front and rear sides of the LBS. The results confirm the twisting of the shaft system and provide its elastic deformation values. Travel curves obtained on both side of the LBS show different courses with respect to overtravel and rebound. Discrepancies can be explained by the deformation of the main shaft due to the acting forces, whereas manufacturing tolerances resulting in loose have a certain contribution.
Data Acquisition and Simulation Software as Tools for Medium Voltage Switchgear Assessment and Optimization
Authors: Touhami Maroua O , Sokić Emir , Smajkić Amer , Laso Andres , Uzelac Nenad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the advantages of using data acquisition systems and software modelling tools to support the assessment and therefore redesign of the existing medium voltage switchgear. A 38kV/630A load break linear puffer (LP) will be used as an example for this study. In house testing was conducted to capture important design parameters of the switch such as displacement, velocity of mechanical parts and gas pressure using various sensors and three different measurement setups. The first setup, which is primarily intended for no-load measurements, consists of a DAQ system equipped with different types of sensors - two rotational encoders, three laser-based distance sensors, six pressure sensors, contact separation measurement, and a high-speed camera integrated and synchronized with the measurement system. The second and third setups, which are suitable both for no-load and on-load measurements, are based on state-of-the-art DAQ systems, which use three piezo-electric based pressure sensors, two fibre-optic based pressure sensors, three laser-based distance sensors and a high speed camera synchronized with the measurement system. The data acquired by the measurement systems is used in combination with an in-house developed simulation software HV CB Simulation, which enables simulating and predicting various variables of switching devices. Moreover, high speed camera videos analysed with both commercial and in-house developed image processing software, visualize and reveal many otherwise inaccessible occurrences. In addition to a comprehensive analysis of the proposed data acquisition and simulation setups, three design improvements in the linear puffer design - increase of the opening speed, removal of the flexible conductors and the length increase of the puffer cylinder - are presented and discussed in this paper.
Evaluation System of Rural Sustainable Tourism Land Based on Ecosystem Service Value
Authors: Mei Rong , Han Lirong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the development of the economy, people’s living standards are getting higher and higher. People will look for ways to relax after busy work, and rural tourism is a slow-paced life. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evaluation system of rural sustainable tourism land based on ecosystem service value. In this paper, an evaluation model based on AHP and association rules is proposed, and the two methods are described in detail. The experimental results of this paper show that the number of tourists has increased from 12 % in 2014 to 24.9 % in 2020, and the growth rate of tourism revenue has increased from 24 % in 2014 to 30 % in 2020. Rural tourism is an important part of tourism and an important force to implement the strategy of rural revitalisation. It plays an important role in accelerating the modernisation of agriculture and rural areas, the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and poverty alleviation in poor areas. The number of farm stays has increased from 1.9 million in 2014 to 3.25 million in 2020. It can be seen that with the growth of time, the rapid development of the economy, and increasing people who love to travel, this has led to changes in the utilisation rate of rural land. Therefore, the research on the evaluation system of rural sustainable tourism land based on ecosystem service value is very meaningful.
Research on Coping Behaviour of School Sports Participants in Smog Environment Based on Risk Cognition and Communication
Authors: Zhao Xianjia , Fang Shijia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, smog has become one of the most disastrous weather events in China, hurting daily life and seriously affecting public health. To explore the school sports participants in a smog environment based on risk cognition and communication. This study used literature, questionnaire, and other research methods to deeply understand the current situation of school physical education in the haze weather environment. The spatial autocorrelation index tested the spatial agglomeration characteristics of smog pollution. As was evidenced, sports in a smog environment can cause physical discomfort and mild psychological stress. The significant difference in maximal oxygen uptake was p < 0.01. The level of students’ perception of smog positively correlates with students’ active of physical exercise, and it has a significant predictive effect. The explanatory power of smog perception level to resisting coping behaviour is 49.5 % (R
2
= 0.495, P < 0.001). Under the influence of smog, participants in school sports activities showed high smog risk cognition and weak coping behaviour, and schools showed low smog risk communication. Experience and policy supervision explain 50.1 % of the information on risk communication influencing factors, with high explanatory power. One can conclude that outdoor teaching and practice in physical education classes should be carried out because the outdoor air does not influence the human body to enhance physical fitness and health.
Characterization and diversity of macroin-vertebrates in groundwater in the region of Souk-Ahras (North-East of Algeria)
Authors: Chorfi Amira , Hafid Hinda , Baaloudj Affef , Rizi Hadia , Aouissi Hani Amir , Chaib Sara , Ababsa Mostafa , Allaoua Noua , Houhamdi Moussa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A preliminary inventory of macroinvertebrate communities and a regular physicochemical analysis of groundwater were carried out in the Souk Ahras region (north-eastern Algeria). It aims to study and analyze the structure and distribution of underground aquatic species, thus determining the relationship that may exist between the quality of water in wells and springs with the diversity of aquatic fauna present in the habitats. Through 2018, 14 stations (10 wells and 4 springs) were monitored on a monthly basis, while water and aquatic fauna samples were taken. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the physicochemical quality parameters was carried out from the average values of each parameter. It has been observed that the waters are highly mineralized, due to the high values of total hardness, salinity, and sulfate levels in certain stations. The sources of contamination are mainly due to the raw wastewater circulating in the small canals. Also “seguias” are used either to evacuate wastewater or for irrigation, which seeps down to the water table. The collected aquatic fauna in all the 14 stations is diversified and contains 29 families which correspond to 4 taxa.
Analysis of the impact of macroeconomic factors on real estate prices in Bosnia And Herzegovina
Authors: Stanković Dragan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Economic theory and practice are not acquainted with any unique set of macroeconomic factors that affect real estate prices. The very complexity of this phenomenon relativizes any attempt to establish an unchanged list of macroeconomic factors in BiH. The aim of the research in this paper is to analyze the impact of selected macroeconomic indicators on real estate prices in BiH, in the period from 2007 to 2019. Out of numerous macroeconomic factors that affect real estate prices (real estate prices are viewed as: the value of construction works done and as the value of new dwellings - new construction), 12 macroeconomic factors were singled out: nominal gross domestic product, real GDP growth rate, industrial production growth rate, GDP per capita, average net wages, imports and exports, household deposits in commercial banks, interest rate (housing loans, annual, %), loans to households, household final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation and government final consumption expenditure. Starting from the hypothesis that macroeconomic factors affect real estate prices, it has been concluded that the selected factors significantly determine real estate prices and that most of the predictor variables defined in the model are significant, in terms of impact on the movement of GDP and real estate prices in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period analyzed. The greatest impact on real estate prices is by household final consumption expenditure, GDP per capita, nominal GDP, interest rate, household deposits and real GDP growth rate. The research used factor analysis (reduction of macroeconomic factors to the optimal number of factors that explain the analyzed phenomenon and its impact on real estate prices) and an extended multiple linear regression model with a statistical software program SPSS, version 21. Modeling the impact of macroeconomic factors on real estate prices has macroeconomic effects and benefits for the country and contributes to the growth and well-being of operators in the real estate market.
Impact of energy innovations on the Ukraine’s economy: Strategic direction and managerial practices
Authors: Trofymenko Olena , Ilyash Olha , Voitko Serhii , Dluhopolska Tetiana , Kozlovskyi Serhii , Hrynkevych Svitlana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Diversification of energy sources and innovative development of the energy sector are one of the main directions for ensuring sustainable development and decarbonization of the economy. The aim of the article is to identify connections and interactions between the parameters of energy innovation development and economic growth. Factor analysis was used for this purpose. The results and conclusions determine the most influential factors among the 5 components identified in accordance with the functional areas of innovative development of the national economy in energetics. The analysis allowed to identify the main trends in the development of factors, which allowed to identify positive and negative changes. The regularities of the influence of certain factors on energy innovations have been determined, which has allowed to provide recommendations for their further development and regulation
Evaluation and Development of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System for the Remote Telecommunication Station of Bougaroun, Collo, Algeria
Authors: M’sabah I. Louahem , Benzahioul S. , Djeghader R. , Lgmm A. Metatla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mobile telecommunication sites are an essential station in our technological life, used to allow the communication through mobiles and internet. Many telecommunication sites are installed in remote areas where the grid is not available. For this, hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are used to power the stations and integrate the remote areas with the world. This article aims to evaluate the performance of the existing HRES of the remote mobile telecommunication station of Bougaroun, Collo, Algeria -which consists of PV modules, batteries and diesel generator (DG)- and to develop it using a mathematical model to demonstrate the effect of deploying a wind turbine to supply more green energy, minimize the operation cost (fuel consumption and maintenance), and reduce the greenhouses emitted by the DG. Based on the wind data at the site location, the obtained results show a significant amount of output power that can be used to minimize the DG functionality.
Correlation of Womac Index and Cytokine Values in Patients with OA Knee
Authors: Miloševic Jelena , Grbović Vesna , Jurišić-Škevin Aleksandra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee (gonarthrosis) is a degenerative rheumatic disease, which is the most common rheumatic disease. Numerous factors, such as mechanical, enzymatic, and biological, are responsible for the development of this complex, multifactorial disease. The connection between inflammation and the development of knee OA is being investigated more and more. Cytokines are thought to be one of the main causes of disturbances in normal cartilage metabolism.
This study, designed as a prospective cohort study included 60 patients with knee OA. The examinees were recruited from total population of patients with knee OA, hospitalized or treated as outpatients at Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac. After the consent was obtained, anamnestic data were collected, blood samples were taken and functional testing was done together with anthropometric measurements. The values of the following cytokines were determined from a blood sample: IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17. The average age of patients was 69.10±9.06 years, most of whom were females (78,3%). Both IL-6 and TNF-α correlated positively with WOMAC scores. WOMAC index subscales showed different association with cytokines. In our studies the level of cytocines in the serum of pacients with OA knee is show not correlation with radiographic image.
The present study demonstrated than the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α IL-6) can be correlated with WOMAC scores of knee OA patients. The results indicate that concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 may affect knee joint function in patients with knee OA.
PENERAPAN PRAKTIK HAND HYGIENE YANG BENAR DI SDN 5 TOBOH PALABAH KOTA PARIAMAN
Authors: Silvia Elwitri , Suganda Yohana 
Published: October 2022

Hand hygiene merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam mencapai salah satu target SDG’s tahun 2030. Hand hygiene mencakup mencuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS) dan penggunaan hand sanitizers. Hand hygiene memberikan manfaat kesehatan yang besar dengan biaya yang relatif kecil. Personal hygiene anak-anak dianggap sebagai alat terbaik untuk mencegah penyakit menular yang memengaruhi masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Pendidikan kesehatan tentang hand hygiene merupakan satu-satunya cara yang hemat biaya agar terwujudnya penerapan hand hygiene yang baik dan benar. SDN 5 Toboh Palabah Kota Pariaman merupakan institusi pendidikan anak yang berada di pinggir jalan yang banyak dilalui oleh kendaraan dan masyarakat sehingga sangat penting diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang hand hygiene. Selain itu berdasarkan wawancara dengan para guru menyatakan bahwa belum ada penyuluhan kesehatan tentang cara mencuci tangan dan penerapan hand hygiene dari petugas kesehatan. Kegiatan pendidikan kesehatan ini diikuti oleh siswa kelas 5 dan 6 SDN 5 Toboh Palabah Kota Pariaman yang berjumlah sebanyak 21 orang. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi dua sesi. Sesi pertama adalah penyampaian materi dan sesi kedua adalah praktik langkah-langkah cuci tangan pakai sabun dan menggunakan hand sanitizers. Kegiatan berlangsung lancar dan mendapatkan respon positif baik pada sesi pertama maupun pada sesi kedua. Seluruh siswa dapat mempraktekkan langkah-langkah cuci tangan dan memahami penerapan hand hygiene dengan benar. Dengan adanya pendidikan kesehatan ini kami berharap warga sekolah khususnya siswa-siswa SDN 5 Toboh Palabah Kota Pariaman dapat menerapkan dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan fasilitas sekolah agar penerapan hand hygiene dapat dilakukan degan baik dan benar.
Correlation between Quality of Life and Burden in Caregivers of Advanced Stage Cancer Patients on Best Supportive Care
Authors: Manivannan Manavalan , Karunanithi Gunaseelan , Lakshminarayanan Subitha 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Patients with advanced cancer with incurable diseases are generally cared for by their families in India. There is a lack of data on the perceived caregiver burden, quality of life (QOL) of patients and caregivers in India, especially among cancer patients not on any oncologic management.

Material and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 220 patients of advanced cancer on best supportive care and their respective 220 family caregivers. Our primary objective was to identify a correlation between caregiver burden and QOL. After taking informed consent from both patients and caregivers, we assessed the QOL of the patient using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care (QLQ C15PAL) questionnaire from the patient, assessing the Caregiver Burden using Zarit Burden Interview, assessing the QOL of the caregiver using the WHO QOL BREF Questionnaire, in a single session during their routine follow-up in the Palliative Care Clinic of our institution.

Results:
We noticed a statistically significant negative (Spearman) correlation between the Caregiver Burden as assessed by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the psychological (r = −0.302, P < 0.01), social (r= −0.498, P < 0.01) and environmental (r = −0.396, P < 0.01) domains of the WHO QOL BREF Questionnaire. Caregiving Burden as assessed ZBI total score was noted to have a statistically significant negative correlation with physical functioning (r = −0.37, P < 0.01), emotional functioning (r = −0.435, P < 0.01) and global QOL scores (r = −0.499, P < 0.01) assessed from the patient using the EORTC QLQ C15 PAL questionnaire. It also had a statistically significant small positive correlation with EORTC QLQ C15 PAL symptom scores, such as dyspnoea, insomnia, constipation, nausea, fatigue and pain. The median caregiver burden score was 39, showing higher burden as compared to previous studies. Caregivers who were spouses of the patient, illiterate, homemakers, with low-income families reported higher burden.

Conclusion:
A high perceived caregiving burden is associated with impaired QOL in family caregivers of advanced cancer patients on best supportive care. Multiple patient related factors and demographic factors tend to affect burden of the caregiver.