bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home-based primary care visits by nurse practitioners
Authors: Sun Chun-An , Parslow Chad , Gray Ja'Lynn , Koyfman Irina , Hladek Melissa deCardi , Han Hae-Ra 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
With rapidly growing numbers of homebound older adults, the need for effective home-based health interventions is increasingly recognized. Advanced practice registered nurses (NPs) are one of the most common providers of home-based primary care. Limited information is available to address the scope and nature of NP-led home-based primary care and associated outcomes.

Objective:
To synthesize research evidence of NP visits in home-based primary care.

Data Sources:
Six electronic databases—PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus—were searched to identify peer-reviewed research articles addressing home-based primary care interventions led by NPs. Independent screening resulted in 17 relevant articles from 14 unique studies to include in the review.

Conclusions:
Nurse practitioners provided health assessments, education, care planning and coordination primarily by face-to-face home visits. Despite a variability in terms of study design, setting, and sample, NP-led home-based primary care was in general associated with less hospitalization and fewer emergency department visits. Evidence was mixed in relation to patient-reported outcomes such as subjective health, functional status, and symptoms. Costs and patient or caregiver satisfaction were additional outcomes addressed, but the findings were inconsistent.

Implications for Practice:
Recent policy changes to authorize NPs to independently assess, diagnose, and order home care services directly affect how NPs approach home-based primary care programs. Our findings support NP-led home-based primary care to decrease consequential health utilization and suggest the need for further evaluating the care models in diverse populations with more patient-reported and caregiver outcomes.
Family Caregivers’ Experiences of Caring for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Zeng Qiaomiao , Ling Donglan , Chen Wenfeng , Liao Yao , An Ran , He Lianxiang 
Published: April 2022

Background
Family caregivers of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undertook heavy care tasks and role responsibilities. They were facing multiple challenges during the patients’ cancer trajectory.

Objective
The aim of this study was to synthesize existing qualitative evidence regarding family caregivers’ experiences of caring for HNC patients.

Methods
A meta-aggregation approach was used. Articles were collected from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Supplementary resources were collected by scrutinizing reference lists and performing citation tracking.

Results
A total of 20 studies were included and synthesized. Three meta-themes covering “accepting the diagnosis and treatment on patients: a distressing process,” “facing changes of life and adapting to new roles,” and “appreciating the external supports” were identified with 10 subthemes. There was high confidence in the evidence for “facing changes of life and adapting to new roles” and moderate confidence in the evidence for the other 2 meta-themes.

Conclusions
Taking care of HNC patients is a distressing process. Caregivers took on role responsibilities and developed strategies to make adjustments to life changes, so as to provide better care for patients. External supports regarding caregiving and self-care were desired.

Implications for Practice
Psychological distress was common among caregivers and calls for routine clinical screening. Providing caregivers with practical strategies to deal with daily caregiving tasks was crucial. Healthcare workers can play a critical role in providing tailored support in different caregiving stages. The findings informed the interventions and future research to improve HNC caregivers’ experiences.
Using Concept Mapping to Explore Interpersonal Communication Components of Patient Navigation in Breast Cancer Care
Authors: Gallups Sarah F. , Demirci Jill , Nilsen Marci , Burke Jessica , Bender Catherine , Rosenzweig Margaret Q. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Research exploring the relational dimensions of patient navigation identifies interpersonal communication as fundamental to the patient navigator’s (PN’s) ability to reduce barriers to care and improve cancer care outcomes. Although interpersonal communication is a core competency for PNs, its key components are commonly understudied and overlooked.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to identify the key interpersonal communication components of patient navigation in breast cancer care that patients, PNs, and PN administrators perceived to impact the patient-navigator relationship.

Methods
This study used concept mapping, a community-engaged research method. Participants completed 3 concept mapping activities: brainstorming, sorting and rating, and interpretation.

Results
A total of 31 persons participated in the study: 13 patients, 14 PNs, and 4 PN administrators. The concept mapping analysis produced a 6-cluster concept map, and each concept was named through a group consensus process. Among the 6 concepts, both patients and PNs emphasized the importance of “Empathetic, Comprehensive, and Compassionate Support,” “Bridge to Clinical Education and Supportive Resources,” and “Ongoing Individualized Coordination of Care” as the most important components for facilitating the patient-navigator relationship.

Conclusion
Patients, PNs, and PN administrators all emphasized the essential role of interpersonal communication in the PN-patient relationship and how it is woven into every aspect of the PN role.

Implications for Practice
As a core competency, we need to work toward the development and testing of evidence-based training to support their professional development and ultimately promote positive cancer care outcomes.
How Image-Guided Pathology Can Improve the Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Schilham Melline G.M. , Küsters-Vandevelde Heidi , Somford Diederik M. , Rijpkema M. , Gotthardt Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Detection of lymph node (LN) metastases in prostate cancer (PCa) is pivotal for accurate staging and determining treatment options. To date, the reference standard for nodal staging is histopathological examination of all harvested surgical specimens from extended pelvic LN dissections. However, this is a labor-intensive process, and small metastatic foci can be missed due to sampling effects. With current research expanding toward using radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands for image-guided surgery, new opportunities arise for image-guided pathological assessment of surgical specimens. Here, we illustrate how molecular imaging can complement histopathology and improve accurate detection of LN metastases.
18F-FDG PET/CT Uptake in Acute Pontine Infarct Mimicking Intracranial Metastasis
Authors: SathyaMurthi Banu , Muthu Sivakumar , Howard James , Sajjan Rakesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Infarcts are generally nonviable and are not avid on an 18F-FDG PET/CT. Here, we discuss a 53-year-old man who presented with chest pain and raised d-dimer. CT pulmonary angiogram was performed to exclude pulmonary embolism, which identified incidental lung nodules. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed for the assessment of lung nodules, which showed incidental focal FDG uptake in the pons. This was concluded as an acute infarct on subsequent MR scan. This highlights the importance of not interpreting all focal FDG uptakes as malignant. In rare circumstances, false-positive benign causes should be considered, such as in this rare case of an acute pontine infarct.
Nivolumab Immunotherapy–Related Skin Reactions Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: T Thayumanavan , Goyal Harish , Singh Harmandeep , Das Chandan K. , Sekar Aravind , Kumar Rajender 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nivolumab, a fully human immunoglobulin G4 anti–programmed cell death 1 antibody, provides a novel therapy option for patients with metastatic cancers. Immunotherapy agents have been associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may be detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Cutaneous toxicities are one of the most common irAEs in the form of maculopapular rash (eczema-like spongiotic dermatitis) and pruritus. These irAEs may lead to false-positive findings on PET/CT done during the treatment. One should be aware of the potential irAEs while interpreting PET/CT to avoid misinterpretation.
68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Case of Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Dong Aisheng , Zhu Yan , Zuo Changjing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an uncommon variant of prostatic carcinoma with aggressive behavior and worse prognosis. We describe 68Ga-PSMA-11 and FDG PET/CT findings in a case of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma with pelvic lymph node metastases. The majority of the prostate tumor and all the metastatic lesions showed no significant PSMA uptake but intense FDG uptake. The role of PSMA and FDG PET in the management of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma needs to be investigated in a large number of patients.
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication and exert effector phenotypes in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gay Laetitia , Rouviere Marie-Sarah , Mezouar Soraya , Richaud Manon , Gorvel Laurent , Foucher Etienne , Madakamutil Loui , La Scola Bernard , Menard Amélie , Allardet-Servent Jérôme , Halfon Philippe , Frohna Paul , Cano Carla , Mege Jean-Louis , Olive Daniel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTVγ9Vδ2 T cells play a key role in the innate immune response to viral infections, including SARS-CoV-1 and 2, and are activated through butyrophilin (BTN)-3A. Here, the objectives were to: 1) characterize the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the number, phenotype, and activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in infected patients, and 2) assess the effects of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection on the expression of BTN3A and its impact on the activation and response of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to an anti-BTN3A antibody. Blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells decreased in clinically mild SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to healthy volunteers (HV). This decrease was maintained up to 28 days and in the recovery period. Terminally differentiated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells tend to be enriched on the day of diagnosis, 28 days after and during the recovery period compared to HV. Furthermore, these cells showed cytotoxic and inflammatory activities as shown by TNFα, IFNγ and CD107a/b increase following anti-BTN3A activation. Moreover, BTN3A upregulation and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell infiltration were observed in a lung biopsy from a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, as compared to HV. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increased BTN3A expression in macrophages and lung cell lines. The activation via BTN3A enhanced the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vγ9Vδ2 T cells cytotoxicity and IFN-γ and TNFα in SARS-CoV-2 infected patient. Increasing concentrations of anti-BTN3A were accompanied by an inhibition of viral replication. Altogether, these data suggest that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are important in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection and that activation by an anti-BTN3A antibody may enhance their response.KEY POINTSSARS-CoV-2 mediates upregulation of the key receptor of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells BTN3A on lung tissues and cell lines as well as monocytesDuring SARS-CoV-2 infection, Vγ9Vδ2 are differentiated and efficiently degranulate and secrete cytokines upon activation with BTN3A mAb
Estimating spatial disease rates using health statistics without geographic identifiers
Authors: Cortes-Ramirez Javier , Wilches-Vega Juan D. , Michael Ruby N. , Singh Vishal , Paris-Pineda Olga M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMorbidity statistics can be reported as grouped data for health services rather than for individual residence area, especially in low-middle income countries. Although such reports can support some evidence-based decisions, these are of limited use if the geographical distribution of morbidity cannot be identified. This study estimates the spatial rate of Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in census districts in Cúcuta -Colombia, using an analysis of the spatial distribution of health services providers. The spatial scope (geographical area of influence) of each health service was established from their spatial distribution and the population covered. Three levels of spatial aggregation were established considering the spatial scope of primary, intermediate and tertiary health services providers. The ARI cases per census district were then calculated and mapped using the distribution of cases per health services provider and the proportion of population per district in each level respectively. Hotspots of risk were identified using the Local Moran’s I statistic. There were 98 health services providers that attended 8994, 18450 and 91025 ARI cases in spatial levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Higher spatial rates of ARI were found in districts in central south; northwest and northeast; and southwest Cúcuta with hotspots of risk found in central and central south and west and northwest Cucuta. The method used allowed overcoming the limitations of health data lacking area of residence information to implementing epidemiological analyses to identify at risk communities. This methodology can be used in socioeconomic contexts where geographic identifiers are not attached to health statistics.
Multimodal multi-center analysis of electroconvulsive therapy effects: brainwide gray matter increase without functional changes
Authors: van de Mortel LA , Bruin WB , Thomas RM , Abbott C , Argyelan M , van Eijndhoven P , Mulders P , Narr K , Tendolkar I , Verdijk JPAJ , van Waarde JA , Bartsch H , Oltedal L , van Wingen GA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression and induces gray matter (GM) increases in the brain. Small-scale studies suggest that ECT also leads to changes in brain functioning, but findings are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the influence of ECT on changes in both brain structure and function and their relation to clinical improvement using multicenter neuroimaging data from the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC).MethodsWe analyzed T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional resting-state MRI data of 88 individuals (49 male) with treatment-resistant depression before and within two weeks after ECT. We performed voxel-based morphometry on the structural data and calculated fractional amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity, degree centrality, functional connectomics, and hippocampus connectivity for the functional data in both unimodal and multimodal analyses. Longitudinal effects in the ECT group were compared to repeated measures of healthy controls (n=27).ResultsWide-spread increases in GM volume were found in patients following ECT. In contrast, no changes in any of the functional measures were observed, and there were no significant differences in structural or functional changes between ECT responders and non-responders. Multimodal analysis revealed that volume increases in the striatum, supplementary motor area and fusiform gyrus were associated with local changes in brain function.ConclusionThese results confirm wide-spread increases in GM volume, but suggest that this is not accompanied by functional changes or associated with clinical response. Instead, focal changes in brain function appear related to individual differences in brain volume increases.
Hidden Talents: Silent Gene Clusters Encoding Magnetic Organelle Biosynthesis in a Non-Magnetotactic Phototrophic Bacterium
Authors: Dziuba M.V. , Paulus A. , Schramm L. , Awal R.P. , Pósfai M. , Monteil C.L. , Fouteau S. , Uebe R. , Schüler D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetosomes are unique organelles synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) for magnetic navigation. Their complex biosynthesis is controlled by large magnetosome gene clusters (MGC). Here, we report the discovery and comprehensive analysis of silent but functional MGCs in the non-magnetotactic phototrophic bacterium Rhodovastum atsumiense. Our findings suggest that these MGCs were acquired by horizontal gene transfer and inactivated through transcriptional silencing and antisense RNA regulation. At least several magnetosome genes from G2-11 retained functionality, as their products restore magnetosome biosynthesis in isogenic deletion mutants of the model MTB Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Although G2-11 was found to form magnetosomes upon the laboratory transfer of the MGCs from M. gryphiswaldense, strong negative selection led to rapid loss of this trait upon subcultivation. Our results provide the first insight into the horizontal dissemination of gene clusters encoding bacterial magnetic organelles outside MTB and illuminate the potential mechanisms of their genomic preservation in a latent state.
Wolbachiainhibits ovarian formation and increases blood feeding rate in femaleAedes aegypti
Authors: Lau Meng-Jia , Ross Perran A. , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M. , Yang Qiong , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWolbachia, a gram-negative endosymbiotic bacterium widespread in arthropods, is well-known for changing the reproduction of its host in ways that increase its rate of spread, but there are also costs to hosts that can reduce this. Here we investigated a novel reproductive alteration ofWolbachia wAlbB on its mosquito hostAedes aegypti, based on studies of mosquito life history traits, ovarian dissections and gene expression assays. We found that an extended period of the larval stage as well as the egg stage, as previously shown, can increase the proportion ofWolbachia-infected females that become infertile; the impact ofWolbachiaon infertility therefore accumulated before pupation. We found that ovarian formation was blocked in infertile females, even though infected females had relatively lowerWolbachiadensities than fertile infected females. Infertile females also showed a higher frequency of blood feeding following a prior blood meal, indicating that they do not enter a complete gonotrophic cycle. Treatments leading to infertility decreased expression of genes related to reproduction. Our results demonstrate effects related to the causes and consequences of infertilewAlbB-infectedAe. aegyptifemales with implications forWolbachiareleases and have evolutionary implications forWolbachiainfections in novel hosts.
An approximate line attractor in the hypothalamus that encodes an aggressive internal state
Authors: Nair Aditya , Karigo Tomomi , Yang Bin , Linderman Scott W , Anderson David J , Kennedy Ann 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating innate behaviors. It is widely believed to function as a system of ‘labeled lines’, containing behavior-specific neurons with characteristic transcriptomic and connectomic profiles. This view however fails to explain why, although activation of estrogen receptor-1 (Esr1) expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) promotes aggression, few VMHvl neurons are tuned to attack. To address this paradox, we adopted an unsupervised dynamical systems framework to analyze population activity among VMHvlEsr1 neurons during aggression. We discovered that this activity contains an “integration” dimension exhibiting slow-ramping dynamics and persistent activity that correlates with escalating aggressiveness. These dynamics are implemented as an approximate line attractor in state space. Our analysis suggests a function for VMHvl to encode the intensity of behavior-relevant motive states using line attractors. This view reconciles observational and perturbational studies of VMHvl, and reveals a new mode of neural computation in the hypothalamus.
Group management model for construction workers' unsafe behavior based on cognitive process model
Authors: Deng Shuwen , Cai Yili , Xie Longpan , Pan Yonggang 
Published: April 2022

PurposeUnsafe behavior is a major cause of safety accidents, while in most management measures for unsafe behavior, the construction workers are generally managed as a whole. Therefore, this study aims to propose group management of construction workers' unsafe behavior considering individual characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA cognitive process model with ten cognitive factors was constructed based on cognitive safety theory. The questionnaire was developed and validated based on the cognitive model, and the results showed that the questionnaire had good reliability and validity, and the cognitive model fitted well. Latent class analysis was used to classify the unsafe behaviors of construction workers.FindingsFour categories of cognitive excellent type, cognitive failure type, no fear type and knowingly offending type were obtained. Workers of cognitive excellent type have good cognitive ability and a small tendency for unsafe behaviors. Workers of cognitive failure type have poor cognitive ability and the potential for cognitive failure in all four cognitive links. Workers of no fear type have weak cognitive ability, and cognitive failure may occur in discovering information and choosing coping links. Workers of knowingly offending type have certain cognitive abilities, but cognitive failure may occur in choosing coping link.Originality/valueThis study formulates targeted management measures according to the potential characteristics of these four types and provides scientific theoretical support for the personalized management of unsafe behavior.
Coping with sexual harassment in the Egyptian context: a study on female academics
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Abdelgaffar Hala Abdelmoneim Abdallah 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo understand the position of female academics in public universities in Egypt, the authors of this paper aim to answer the question of what comes between victims breaking their silence about workplace sexual harassment (WSH).Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method is employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 female academics from four public universities selected from among 26 public institutions of higher education in Egypt. Thematic analysis was used to extract main ideas from the transcripts.FindingsAt the macro level in Egypt, stipulating an anti-harassment law and harsher penalties were found to be a motivator for female academics to speak up against WSH. At the meso organizational level, establishing anti-harassment units in universities is perceived as an effective mechanism for empowering female academics to respond to, expose and seek punitive action against WSH perpetrators. What was found to be a real challenge to reporting perpetrators is the assumption of some female academics that they will never be heard because of socio-cultural norms that hold university professors as honourable and impeccable. Another challenge is that female academics are poorly represented at both professorial levels and in senior administrative positions in Egyptian academic contexts. Sadly, challenges faced by women in academic contexts, such as WSH, are not being prioritized on the agenda of their universities. Although organizational behaviours and country-specific culture challenge female academics' proactive stance against WSH, new anti-harassment laws and university policies are changing this scenario.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by filling a gap in human resource (HR) management, higher education and public administration in which empirical studies of WSH in academic contexts have been limited so far.