bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral and Intraperitoneal Acute Toxicity Studies of Sesamum radiatum Aqueous Leaf Extract in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Kouacou Kouamé Amoin Flora , Konan Brou André , Koko Koffi Bruno 
Published: October 2022

Background and aims: Sesamum radiatum leaves are commonly used by African and Ivorian people in particular to treat various diseases. However, few studies have been done on the pharmacological properties and even less on the acute toxicity of this medicinal plant in Côte d'Ivoire. Also, the present work was carried out in order to contribute to correcting this through a comparative study of the acute oral and intraperitoneal toxicity of the aqueous extract of the leaves (ESera) in the female Wistar rat.
Méthodes: According to the modified OECD 423 method, 2 groups of 6 rats were treated with ESera at 50 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg in a single dose respectively by intraperitoneal and oral administration in comparison with the control group (NaCl 0.9 %). Dice weighing at regular intervals of 2 days of body weight and the removal of some organs and blood samples at the end of the 14-day observation period allowed the measurement of biological parameters.
Results: Irrespective of the administration route, ESera did not cause clinical signs of suffering, behavior change and death in rats. The morphology and the relative weight of the organs (heart, kidneys, liver and lungs) were not modified. Treated animals exhibited weight growth kinetics similar to those of the controls. Greater weight gains (p < 0.05) were obtained with ESera. The study carried out on the blood samples showed statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in certain hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The changes observed were greater with ESera 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration.
Conclusion: Sesamum radiatum aqueous extract did not cause death or organ changes in rats during the 14 days of observation.However, in order to better determine its toxicity, other studies must be carried out due to the disturbances observed in hematological parameters, transaminases and electrolytes.
Keywords: Acute toxicity, Hematological parameters, Biochemical parameters, Organ biometry
Formulation and Characterization of Expandable Tablet of Diacerein using Swellable Polymers
Authors: Bansal Mukesh , Gupta Dilip Kumar , Sachdeva Monika , Kamini , 
Published: October 2022

Some of the drugs have poor absorption because of a narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). To improve the absorption of such drugs in the GIT, gastro-retentive drug delivery techniques play an important role. Diacerein is an antirheumatic drug used for joint pain and arthritis. The expandable gastro-retentive tablets were prepared to attain an extended therapeutic action of Diacerein. Expandable tablets were formulated to prolong gastric retention, enhance the bioavailability of the drug candidate and attain a desirable size greater than the diametric size of the pyloric sphincter (i.e., 13 mm in diameter) of the tablet after administration by expandable technique. The expandable tablet was formulated using swellable polymers and polyelectrolytes, i.e., HPMCK 100, PEO, chitosan, and carbopol. The proposed expandable tablets were evaluated by preliminary evaluation parameters, micromeritic investigations, all physicochemical evaluations including swelling index, weight variation, drug content, in-vitro release studies and their release kinetics. Method: The wet granulation method is used for the preparation of expandable tablets of Diacerein. Result: The release of Diacerein from all formulations was studied in phosphate buffer pH 1.2 at 37±5°C. The net results conclude that the formulation having HPMC K 100, PEO with the addition of carbopol (formulation C1) showed the maximum swelling index as compared to others. And it was found that formulation C1 is the most superior and reliable formulation in terms of all physicochemical parameters and in-vitro drug release studies. The best formulation obtained from in-vitro drug release studies was shown.
Keywords: Gastro retentive, expandable system, noval drug delivery system, controlled drug delivery system, gastric transit time, swellable polymers, GIT.
Isolation, Characterization, Cultivation of Trichoderma Species and its Applications as Biopesticide
Authors: S Pratima , Swamy Agadi Hiremath Vishwanatha 
Published: October 2022

Trichoderma is a genus of anamorphic fungi that are mostly found in rhizospere soil. and can be used to combat fungal phytopathogens (Fusarium spp which cause the wilt stem in chilli plant). Trichoderma species have long been employed as a biopesticide in agriculture. It also provides the plant with growth-promoting chemicals, such as Indole acetic acid and ammonia. The molecular mechanisms underlying this very desirable favourable effect of plant growth promotion, which includes improved nutrient availability and uptake for the plant, are not entirely understood. Extracellular enzyme activity of cellulase, lipase, luccase, protease, and amylase in Trichoderma spp. In vitro antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium spp. was investigated.
Keywords: Trichoderma, Pytopathogens, Biopesticide, Fusarium
Estimation of D-Dimer Level among Sudanese Patients with COVID-19 Infection-Khartoum State 2022
Authors: Babiker Nihad Elsadig , Mustafa Idris Ahmed Idris , Merghani Maye M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved from an epidemic outbreak in Wuhan, China into a pandemic infecting more than one million individuals all over the world, where as billions of citizens are affected by measures of social distancing and the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic
Material and methods: This was case control study, conduct at COVID-19 quarantine hospitals in Khartoum state during the period from May to July 2022, for the measurement of D-dimer level among Sudanese covid 19 patients. One hundred participants were selected as cases and apparently fifty participants were selected as control group. 2.8 ml of venous blood samples were collected in Tri Sodium Citrate anticoagulant The D-dimer was performed using B50protein analyzer .
Results: When compared the D-dimer results between case and control there was highly significant difference with p.value 0.000. In addition the D-dimer in cases compared with the other study variables which revealed; significant differences with the chronic disease and the severity of the disease, in significant differences with the age, gender and smoking status.
Conclusion: This study concluded that D-dimer was significantly increase in COVID-19 patients, and it had significant differences with the chronic disease and the severity of the disease, insignificant differences with the age, gender and smoking status.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, D-dimer, chronic disease and B50protein analyzer
Relationship Between Learning Strategies with Children's Learning Motivation at Perguruan Pencak Silat Silutarrahmi, Kelurahan Kalumbuk, Kuranji Sub-District, Padang City
Authors: Febriani Jeni , Setiawati Setiawati 
Published: October 2022

This study is motivated by low motivation to learn of children at the silaturrahmi pencak silat college, Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji district, Padang city, which is suspected to have something to do with learning strategies. The purpose of this study is to reveal an overview of learning strategies, learning motivation of children at the silaturrahmi pencak silat school, Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji sub-district, Padang city, and to reveal the relationship between learning strategies and children's learning motivation at the silaturrahmi pencak silat school in Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji district, Padang city. This type of study is a descriptive correlation study with a quantitative approach. The subjects of this survey were 84 students enrolled in Pencak Silat Silaturrahmi School in 2020, 51 using a 60% sample, or stratified random sampling method. The data collection method used is a survey and the tool used is a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques use percentage and product moment formulas. The results of this study show that: 1) the learning motivation of children at the silaturrahmi pencak silat college, Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji sub-district, Padang city is low; 2) learning strategies at the pencak silat school of silaturrahmi, Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji sub-district, Padang city are classified as low; 3) there is a significant relationship between learning strategies and children's learning motivation at the silaturrahmi pencak silat college, Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji sub-district, Padang city. The suggestion of this research is that it is hoped that the manager of the pencak silat silaturrahmi college in Kalumbuk sub-district, Kuranji district, Padang city can encourage educators to make interesting learning strategies for students in order to achieve learning objectives.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement with or without anesthesiologist: results from a high-volume single center
Authors: Angelillis Marco , Stazzoni Laura , Costa Giulia , Giannini Cristina , Primerano Chiara , Spontoni Paolo , Pieroni Andrea , Guarracino Fabio , Bertini Pietro , Baldassarri Rubia , De Carlo Marco , Petronio Anna S. 
Published: October 2022

Aims
Local instead of general anesthesia has become the standard approach in many centers for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). New generation devices and an increase in operator skills had led to a drastic reduction in periprocedural complications, bringing in the adoption of a minimalist approach. In our study, we aimed to compare patients treated with TAVR under local anesthesia with or without the presence of an anesthesiologist on site (AOS).

Methods
We compare procedural aspects and results of patients treated with TAVR with an AOS against patients treated with TAVR with an anesthesiologist on call (AOC). From January 2019 to December 2020, all consecutive patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR with either the self-expandable Evolut (Medtronic, MN, USA) or balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, CA, USA) were collected.

Results
Of 332 patients collected, 96 (29%) were treated with TAVR with AOS, while 236 (71%) were treated with TAVR with AOC. No differences in procedural time, fluoroscopy time and amount of contrast medium were observed. No procedural death and conversion to open-chest surgery was reported. The rate of stroke/transient ischemic attacks and major vascular complications was similar in the two groups. No patients in both groups required conversion to general anesthesia. Two patients (0.8%) in the AOC group required urgent intervention of the anesthesiologist. In the AOC group, there was a greater use of morphine (55.9% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.008), but with a lower dose for each patient (2.0 vs. 2.8 mg, P = 0.006). On the other hand, there was a lower use of other painkiller drugs (3.4% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.001). No difference in inotropic drugs use was observed.

Conclusion
In patients at low or intermediate risk undergoing transfemoral TAVR, a safe procedure can be performed under local anesthesia without the presence of an anesthesiologist in the catheterization laboratory.
Changes in Soil Characteristics of Farmers Participating in Agri-Environment Protection Programmes
Authors: Pető Judit , Palkovics András , Pölös Endre , Hüvely Attila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Examination of the most important soil properties appears as a mandatory element in agricultural subsidies. The observance of environmental aspects is essential in sustainable farming and the study of the properties of the soil, and especially the level of the main nutrients. The aim of our study was to follow changes in the soil characteristics of farmers participating in agri-environment and area-based support schemes in recent support cycles. Based on the data, we tried to conclude, mainly on the basis of the examination of the areas of south-eastern Hungary, about the tendencies of the changes in soil physical and chemical properties. We experienced a significant fall in soil soluble salt and nitrate levels and tendencies of pH neutralization and potassium elevation in 2021 compared to 2016.
Assessment of the impacts of toposequence on soil properties and quality in Tula, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Jimoh Abdulwahab Ibrahim , Hussaini Hassan , Aliyu Jamila , Sadiq Fatihu Kabir , Kefas Patrick Katan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Soil erosion and a decline in fertility are influenced by insidious topography, which results in the problem of food insecurity in developing countries. Tula is a slope terrain, thus, prone to soil degradation due to continuous cultivation, hence the need to assess soil variability and quality to guide on suitable management practices to adopt across the slope classes. Hence, this study was conceived to assess the effect of toposequence on soil properties and quality in Tula, Gombe state Nigeria. Three slope classes were selected (upper, middle and lower slope). Soil samples were collected from each slope class at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm and analysed for soil physical and chemical properties using standard procedures. The results show that the soil texture varies from loamy sandy to sandy. The bulk density ranges from 1.02 to 1.12 mg.cm−3 and were rated medium at <1.6 mg.cm−3. Soils on the lower slope were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in soil pH. The soils were generally slightly acidic to neutral. Soil organic carbon was medium in the upper and lower slopes (>10 mg.kg−1), while the middle slope was low. The exchangeable bases were rated medium to high across the slope. The soils in the upper slope were of high quality (17 = SQ1), soils in the lower slope were moderate in quality (22 = SQ2) due to low effective cation exchange capacity, and soils in the middle slope were poor in quality (26 = SQ3) due to low soil nutrients. The implication to farmers is that crop grown on upper and lower slope will grow better than those on middle slope due to variations in nutrients. The middle slope was more afflicted by denudation processes because its steep slopes favour erosion. In conclusion, our data show that soil nutrient and quality varies across slope classes and different management practices should be adopted based on slope classes for sustainable crop production. Farmers are therefore advised to add more organic manure and crop residues as well as practice terrace farming on the middle slope for sustainability.
Resource-based induced conflict and socio-economic effects on crop and cattle farmers in Nigeria
Authors: Olaiya Kazeem Ayobami , Ogungbaro Oke Oyeleye , Olujide Mukaila Gbenga 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the socio‑economic effects of crop and cattle farmers’ natural resource‑based conflicts in Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 228 crop and cattle farmers were sampled in six communities (Ila, Faje, Esa‑Oke, Esa‑Odo, Patara and Adana), using a multistage sampling procedure. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), Chi square and independent t‑test (at α
0.05). Majority (73.7%, 100%) of crop and cattle farmers, respectively, were male. Accessibility of natural resources and damage/stealing of crops were identified as major causes of the conflicts. Crime and criminality, and poor training on conflict prevention and resolution were rated as major constraint to conflict resolution. Sustainable land management practices and alternative fodder production for crop and cattle farmers, respectively, were identified as major climate smart training needs to mitigate conflicts. Reduction in quality of social relationships and interruption in education of children for crop farmers; and displacement and reduction in quality of social relationships for cattle farmers were the major social effects suffered. Reduction of agricultural outputs and inability to repay loan were the most common economic effects suffered by the respondents. Causes of conflict, farm/herd size and years of respondents’ experience significantly related with overall socio-economic effects, while constraints to conflict resolution mechanisms (t = −2.672, p = 0.008), methods of conflict resolution (t = −6.649, p = 0.000) and socio-economic effects (t = 3.317, p = 0.008) differed among the respondents. Furthermore, the effect of the conflict was more severe among the crop farmers than among cattle farmers. Based on these new findings it is essential that a coordinated effort between religious institutions, the government, and non-governmental organisations give the ongoing efforts more momentum and include convincing herders to consider other options for producing livestock under ranching system for a more effective and sustainable livelihood practices.
Study of Raw Water Turbidity Removal in Sedimentation Unit Continuous Discharges Flow (CDF) Method Using Plate Settlers
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Afrianita Reri , Hadi Refa Nabila 
Published: October 2022

The sedimentation unit using the continuous discharges flow (CDF) method can remove raw water turbidity of 91.09% with initial turbidity of 75.248 NTU. The performance of the sedimentation unit using the CDF method needs to be tested at high turbidity, which is more than 100 NTU. Sedimentation using the CDF method with the addition of plate settlers is an alternative that can be done by increasing the turbidity value. This study aims to determine the performance of the sedimentation unit using the CDF method with the addition of plate settlers in the removal of high turbidity. The study used a laboratory-scale reactor of 240 L/hour, with units consisting of plunge coagulation, baffle channel flocculation and a 5% CDF method sedimentation unit with plate settlers. The study used artificial raw water with variations in turbidity of 110.355 NTU, 132.035 NTU, and 153.338 NTU. The research shows that the efficiency of removal of turbidity on average for the variation of turbidity is 92.32%, 91.25%, and 89.87%, respectively. The correlation value and significance of Rank Spearmen from the variation of turbidity to reactor performance are -0.926 and 0.00, respectively. In other words, the more turbid the raw water, the lower the reactor performance
Potensi Antimikroba dan Toksisitas Minyak Atsiri yang Diisolasi dari Biji Jintan (Carum carvi L.)
Authors: Suryati  , Emil Salim  , Gustia Elizar  
Published: October 2022

Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is one of the oldest medicinal plants found in various countries such as West Asia, North Africa, Pakistan, India, North America, Northern Europe, Iran, Russia, and Indonesia. This plant has been use for traditional medicines to treat digestive disorders, flatulence, colic in infants, headaches, coughs, hypertension, eczema, pneumonia, diabetes, scabies, mouthwash and as an antiseptic. This plant is reported to contain around 1-9% essential oil in the seeds with various components and potential as bioactive compounds. In this study, essential oils were isolated from caraway seeds and determined their chemical content as well as their antimicrobial and toxicity. Isolation of essential oils was carried out by hydrodistillation and analysis of the chemical components of the isolated essential oils was carried out using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 35 compounds with four main compounds, namely carvone (62.54%), limonene (23.39%), and trans-dihydrocarvone (8.20%). The antimicrobial activity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method, which showed strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of ≥75%, and against the fungus Candida albicans. The results of the toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that caraway seed essential oil was low toxic against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae with an LC50 value 568.3292 mg/L.
الدوافع الاقتصادية والسياسية وأثرها في التقارب الأردني - الصهيوني 1991-1994
Authors: AL-Tikrity Harith A. , Daham Ayad Khalaf 
Published: October 2022

كان للموقع الجغرافي أثره السلبي في حياة المملكة الاقتصادية ، فقد أدى الكيان الصهيوني ومن خلفه الولايات المتحدة الامريكية دوراً في إيجاد بيئة أمنية تحافظ من خلالها على أمن الكيان الصهيوني واستمرار وجوده، لم تتم عملية السلام بين الجانبين بدوافع حقيقة أو بروح المصالحة العفوية بقدر ما عانت المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية من مصاعب دعتها للتوجه نحو ذلك العمل الذي طالما انتقدت من خلاله سواء من الدول العربية أم الدول الاسلامية ، وفي حقيقة الامر فإن هناك العديد من الأسباب التي دعت المملكة الاردنية للتوجه نحو التقارب مع الكيان الصهيوني . ولغرض عرض الموضوع بطريقة تاريخية تم توزيعه على محاور عدة : ناقش المحور الأول الدوافع السياسية ، في حين درس المحور الثاني الدوافع الاقتصادية ، أما المحور الثالث فخصص لتوضيح المفاوضات الأردنية – الصهيونية ، وأخيرا تم توضيح توقيع معاهدة السلام الأردنية – الصهيونية في محور أخير تم فيه توضيح كل الاجراءات والاتفاق الذي تم فيه ، ومن الجدير بالذكر خصص هذا المحور للجانب السياسي فقط لأهميته .
فاعلية تصميم تعليمي-تعلمي على وفق منشطات استراتيجيات الادراك في التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف الثاني متوسط في مادة الرياضيات
Authors: Jasim Basim Mahammad , Mirza Hasan Issa 
Published: October 2022

هدف البحث على معرفة مدى فاعلية تصميم تعليمي– تعلمي على وفق منشطات استراتيجيات الادراك في التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف الثاني متوسط في مادة الرياضيات, واعتمد التصميم التجريبي الحقيقي ذي المجموعتين المتكافئتين ذوات الاختبار البعدي لقياس التحصيل ووضعت الفرضية: اذ لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) بين متوسطي درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا المادة المقررة بالتصميم التعليمي وفقاً لمنشطات استراتيجيات الادراك وبين طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا المادة بالطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل, وتكونت عينة البحث من(44) طالباً من طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط موزعين على مجموعتي البحث (التجريبية والضابطة)وتم إجراء التكافؤ بين مجموعتي في متغيرات (العمر الزمني، التحصيل السابق لمادة الرياضيات، المتطلبات السابقة, الذكاء),تم بناء اختبار التحصيل الذي تكون من (30) فقرة موضوعية, وتطبيقه على عينة استطلاعية للتحقق من وضوح فقرات وتعليماته وتحديد زمنه واجراء التحليلات الإحصائية, والتأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية, وبعد تطبيقه على مجموعتي البحث تم تحليل نتائجه باستخدام الأدوات الإحصائية مثل معامل ارتباط بيرسون ومعادلة ألفا كرو نباخ ومعادلة(اختبار (t-test) لعينتين مستقلتين, أشارت النتائج إلى وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية لصالح طلاب المجموعة التجريبية, وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها ان التدريس وفق التصميم التعليمي- تعلمي على وفق وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات وضعت عدد من المقترحات والتوصيات
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Radio Streaming Pada Kos FM 96.5 Kuningan Berbasis Web
Authors: Sumiah Aah 
Published: October 2022

Pembuatan program ini dirancang dengan pendekatan berbasis objek, menggunakan tools UML dalam perancangannya. Program Radio Streaming Pada Program Persada Indonesia Banget (PIB) Radio Kos Fm 96.5 Kuningan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman php dengan databasenya MySql , dan akan menghasilkan program berbentuk website yang bisa diakses dari mana saja dengan menggunakan jaringan internet. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian skripsi ini adalah dengan pendekatan metode Prototyping karena dengan metode ini terjadi komunikasi aktif antara analis , programer, dan user . Penggunaan metode ini dapat meningkatkan kepuasan user karena harapan dan keinginan user dapat terimplementasi dengan baik, dan biaya pengembangan sistem lebih hemat.Dengan adanya Radio streaming ini, pendengar dapat menikmati program acara Persada Indonesia Banget (PIB) secara online dan bisa diakses oleh masyarakat luas khususnya pendengar radio Kos Fm 96.5 kuningan apabila berhalangan mendengarkan siaran, dan juga bagi para pendengar yang jauh dari jangkauan frekuensi Kos Fm 96.5 Kuningan bisa mengetahui isi siaran Persada Indonesia Banget (PIB) melalui aplikasi ini.