bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anatomical Feasibility Study Using CTA Reconstruction for Modified Percutaneous Lumbar Vertebroplasty
Authors: Guo Jun , Jianbiao Xu , Shali Fan , Yu Ni , Ngwayi James Reeves Mbori , Porter Edward 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Study Design. Observational anatomical imaging study Objective. To investigate the anatomical feasibility of percutaneous vertebroplasty for lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures via a unilateral Extrapedicular approach. Summary of Background Data. Lumbar vertebroplasty via several different types of extrapedicular approach has been reported with acceptable clinical results yet the anatomical basis for its safety is not fully explored. Injury to the lumbar arteries (LAs) is one of the most important potential complications. However, anatomical research on the course and variability of this structure is lacking.Methods. A total of 300 LAs of 30 patients with non-spinal disorders were retrospectively analyzed by computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The lateral aspect of the vertebral body was divided into 9 zones of approximately equal area. The anatomy and orientation of LAs were analyzed in detail.Results. LAs were most commonly found in the middle third of the body (zones 4, 5, and 6); the upper 1/3 of the vertebral body had LAs distributed only anteriorly and laterally (zones 1 and 2). No arteries were observed in the postero-superior segment (zone 3 ). From L1 to L3 an arched pattern predominated. At L4 an inferior oblique pattern (antero-superior to postero-inferior) predominated. Limited CTA visualization at L4 and particularly L5 as well as greater anatomical variation means that there is more uncertainty at these levels. Conclusion. From L1 to L3, the posterior superior segment (zone 1) of the vertebral body appears to be a safe area with low risk of arterial injury. This has relevance for design of a safe lumbar vertebral extrapedicular approach.
The Association Between Smoking Behaviors and Prices and Taxes Per Cigarette Pack in the United States From 2000 Through 2019
Authors: Le Thuy T. T. , Jaffri Mohammed Asad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective The conclusions on how tax and price increases affect smoking behaviors are mixed. This work is devoted to re-evaluating the relationship between cigarette prices and taxes and smoking behaviors.Methods Using 2000-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we employed linear mixed-effect models to re-examine the impact of cigarette prices and taxes on smoking prevalence and the proportion of current smokers having tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months. All the analyses were conducted for the general population, then by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, and income level. Results The results indicate that higher cigarette prices and taxes were associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking. Cigarette tax and price increases produced the most powerful impact on the smoking prevalence of 18- to 24-year-olds. The estimates also show that males tended to be more price-sensitive than females. Raising cigarette prices and taxes was estimated to be more effective in reducing the smoking prevalence among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics as compared to non-Hispanic whites. Cigarette price and tax changes were likely to have a smaller effect on individuals with annual income under $25 000 relative to individuals with higher income levels. Conclusions Increases in cigarette prices and taxes are significantly associated with a reduction in smoking prevalence and an increased likelihood of quitting smoking among adults across different demographic and socioeconomic groups. However, as cigarette price and tax changes disproportionately affect low-income individuals, raising cigarette prices and taxes may deepen income disparities.
Mitochondrial Phenotypes Distinguish Pathogenic MFN2 Mutations by Pooled Functional Genomics Screen
Authors: Yenkin Alex , Bramley John , Waligorski Jason , Kremitzki Colin , Liebeskind Mariel , Xu Xinyuan , Chandrasekaran Vinay , Vakaki Maria , Mitra Robi , Milbrandt Jeffrey , Buchser William 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most human genetic variation is classified as VUS - variants of uncertain significance. While advances in genome editing have allowed innovation in pooled screening platforms, many screens deal with relatively simple readouts (viability, fluorescence) and cannot identify the complex cellular phenotypes that underlie most human diseases. In this paper, we present a generalizable functional genomics platform that combines high-content imaging, machine learning, and microraft isolation in a new method termed “Raft-Seq”. We highlight the efficacy of our platform by showing its ability to distinguish pathogenic point mutations of the mitochondrial regulator MFN2, even when the cellular phenotype is subtle. We also show that our platform achieves its efficacy using multiple cellular features, which can be configured on-the-fly. Raft-Seq enables a new way to perform pooled screening on sets of mutations in biologically relevant cells, with the ability to physically capture any cell with a perturbed phenotype and expand it clonally, directly from the primary screen.
Increasing the Feed Values of Barley, Vetch, and Safflower Mixtures in Hydroponic Fodder Systems
Authors: Özdemir Hikmet , Temür Cüneyt 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cool-climate grains have been germinated under controlled climatic conditions and used in feeding animals for many years. This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding different amounts of vetch and safflower seeds to barley seed in fresh green feed machines and administering liquid fertilizer (LF) through irrigation water on feed values. Mixtures were prepared by adding vetch and safflower to barley at ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. Dry matter (DM) losses were observed in all mixtures. The use of LF reduced the loss of crude protein (CP) in 100% barley and the 70% barley + 30% vetch mixture. However, the CP yield increased in 90% barley + 10% vetch mixture. A 10% increase was observed in ether extract (EE) yield in 80% barley + 20% vetch mixture with LF application. An increase of 60.3–143.7% in acid detergent fiber values was observed in all mixtures. Neutral detergent fiber yields decreased by 17.8–45.9%, and ash loss was observed to be higher in all mixtures compared to that in seeds. All mixtures exhibited an increase in total carotene, except for the mixtures of 90% barley + 10% vetch and 70% barley + 30% vetch with LF. An increase in vitamin E values was observed in 100% barley group with or without LF, and in 90% barley+10% vetch and 90% barley + 10% safflower groups compared to those in the seeds. The addition of up to 30% vetch to the barley and the use of LF were more effective in terms of reducing nutrient losses than other mixtures. In addition, we concluded that the use of LF had a positive effect and that the feed values of the seeds could be increased using this production system.
Co-Culture of Trichoderma Reesei, Talaromyces Sp. and Aspergillus Spp. Produces A Multi-Enzyme Cocktail for the Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreated with Piperonilic Acid (PIP) and Methylenedioxycinnamic Acid (MDCA)
Authors: Silva Yuri Heck da , de Oliveira Tássio Brito , Lima Matheus Sanitá , Pasin Thiago Machado , Scarcella Ana Silvia de Almeida , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes , Martinez Carlos Alberto , Buckeridge Marcos Silveira , Santos Wanderley Dantas dos , de Lucas Rosymar Coutinho 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE: The global energy matrix is primarily based on fossil fuels and alternatives for the production of renewable energy are necessary. The second-generation ethanol (2G ethanol) is such alternative. 2G ethanol is produced through the fermentation of sugar released from the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. However, this process is still costly. Improvements should include the use of less expensive biomass pre-treatments and enzymatic cocktails produced by the co-cultivation of filamentous fungi. METHODS: For the production of synergistic holocellulolytic enzymes, Aspergillus brasiliensis , A. fumigatus var. niveus , Trichoderma reesei and Talaromyces sp. were co-cultivated on sugarcane bagasse modified in the lignin synthesis pathway. This bagasse was pretreated with piperonilic acid (PIP) and methylenedioxycinnamic acid (MDCA). RESULTS: The enzymatic cocktail produced by the co-culture showed the highest hydrolysis efficiency. The best hydrolysis condition was at 50°C and pH 4.0. Talaromyces sp. and T. reesei demonstrated antagonism only between them. CONCLUSION: Enzymatic cocktails produced through the co-cultivation of filamentous fungi are a concrete step towards increasing yields for the 2G ethanol industry.
Effects of Maize Silage Feeding on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Digestive System Weight, Chemical Composition and Meat Quality of Domestic Geese
Authors: Ozturk Ergin , Aslan Resul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Unlike other poultry species, geese can benefit from roughage to some extent due to the histomorphology and physicochemical characteristics of their digestive systems. The narrowing of goose habitats due to agriculture and other reasons emphasizes the provision of a food chain in the protection of the goose population. During the winter months, the supply of roughage becomes very difficult and the cost of goose diets increases. The research was carried out to determine the possibilities for geese to spend the winter season more economically by adding roughage instead of some of the concentrated feed. Therefore, in this study, corn silage was substituted at the level of 10% (S10), 20% (S20), 30% (S30) and 40% (S40) corn soy-based mixed feed (control group: S00). The experiment was carried out in local Turkish goose variety male geese at the age of 19 weeks (for 12 weeks) in the winter season. The result showed that substitution of corn silage instead of concentrated feed at 30 weeks did not adversely affect the investigated parameters (growth performance, carcass characteristics and yield, edible internal organ weights, digestive system length and weight, chemical composition of meat, physical and organoleptic quality characteristics). On the other hand, it was determined that it affected meat quality (hardness etc.) positively. It concluded that corn silage can be used up to 40% of the mixed feed, especially in winter feeding where roughage is not sufficiently supplied. Thus, it can be said that by using roughage instead of a portion of concentrated feed in goose diets, feed cost savings can be achieved and geese can be produced more economically.
Texture analysis of CT images based on machine learning to identify whether adrenal cortical adenoma is functional or not
Authors: Yan Guohua , Zhang Yu , Wang Limei , Yao Xiaopeng , Han Fugang , Shu Jian , Bai Jiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The detection rates and surgical resection rates of adrenal incidentaloma are increasing, but malignant tumors only account for 10%-15%. Taking adrenal cortical adenomas (ACA) as an example, this paper aims to explore if texture analysis of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images based on machine learning can reliably identify if ACA are functional.Methods: The clinical and imaging data were collected retrospectively for 75 patients with adrenal cortical adenoma confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital from November 2018 to November 2020. MaZda image analysis software was used to segment image data and extract features. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to create an image omics model to predict the functionality of the ACA. Lastly, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the radiohistology model.Results: Four histological models were developed (models 1-4, which represent plain scan, arterial enhancement, venous enhancement and delayed scan, respectively). All models 1-4 showed a good ability to distinguish between functional and non-functional ACA in the training sample, with an average AUC of 0.96, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.88, respectively.Conclusion: Texture analysis of CT images using machine learning can effectively identify whether adrenal cortical adenoma is functional.
M2 macrophage-secreted exosomes promote metastasis and increase vascular permeability in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yiwei , Han Guoyong , Zhang Yao , Zhang Long , Li Zhi , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Xuehao , Wu Jindao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Metastasis is the main feature of malignant tumors and is mainly responsible for its high mortality, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of tumor metastasis. Recently, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote tumor progression, whereas TAM-derived molecules that are involved in HCC metastasis require further investigation.Methods: THP-1 were treated with IL-4 (Interleukin-4) and IL-13 (Interleukin-13) for M2 polarized macrophages. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages were characterized. HCC cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cocultured with M2 macrophages or treated with M2 macrophage-secreted exosomes. Transwell®, tube formation, and endothelial permeability assays were performed. RT-PCR, western-blotting, immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to assess mRNA and protein expression levels. MiRNA expression profiles of exosomes derived from M2 and M0 macrophages were analyzed. Results: M2 macrophage infiltration is correlated to metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC patients. M2-derived exosomes were absorbed by HCC and HUVEC cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), vascular permeability, and angiogenesis. MiR-23a-3p was significantly higher in M2-derived exosomes and hnRNPA1-mediated miR-23a-3p packaging into exosomes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) were the targets of miR-92a-3p, as confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. HCC cells cocultured with M2-derived exosomes secreted more GM-CSF, VEGF, G-CSF, MCP-1 and IL-4, which in turn recruited more M2 macrophages. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that M2 macrophage-derived miR-23a-3p enhances HCC metastasis by promoting EMT and angiogenesis, as well as increasing vascular permeability.
Exploration of Dilated Cardiomyopathy for Biomarkers and Immune Microenvironment: Evidence From RNA-seq
Authors: Fang Chenggang , Lv Zhan , Yu Zhimin , Wang Kexin , Xu Chengkai , Li Yixuan , Wang Yanggan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The pathogenic mechanism of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain to be defined. This study aimed to identify hub genes and immune cells that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for DCM.Methods: We downloaded four data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, GSE141910, GSE3585, GSE42955 and GSE79962. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were performed to identified genes panel related DCM. Meanwhile, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the immune cells in DCM tissues. Multiple machine learning approaches were used to screen the hub genes and immune cells. Finally, the diagnostic value of the hub genes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: FRZB and EXT1 were identified as hub biomarkers, and the ROC curves suggested an excellent diagnostic ability of above genes for DCM. In addition, B cells naive was up-regulated in DMC tissues, while Eosinophils, Macrophages M2, and T cells CD4 memory were down-regulated in DMC tissues.Conclusion: These results indicated that FRZB and EXT1 could be used as promising biomarkers, and Eosinophils, Macrophages M2, T cells CD4 memory resting and B cells naive also may affect the occurrence of DCM.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) and functional analysis of HfSWEET17 in response to cold stress
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Chen Ying , Qin Qiaoping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters) was a newly discovered family of sugar transporters whose members exist in a variety of organisms and is highly conserved. The SWEET genes have been reported to be involved in growth and development in many plants, but little is known about in daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) , which is an important perennial flower.Results: In this study, a total of 19 daylily SWEET genes were identified and named based on its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Phylogenetic analysis classifed these HfSWEET genes into four clades (Clade I to IV). The conserved motifs and gene structures showed that the HfSWEET genes were very conservative during evolution. Chromosomal localization and synteny analysis found that HfSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in eleven chromosomes and there were five pairs of segmental duplicated events and only one pairs of tandem duplication event. The expression patterns of the 19 HfSWEET genes showed that the expression levels of most HfSWEET genes were increased under low temperatures. Furthermore, HfSWEET17 was overexpressed in tobacco and cold resistance of transgenic plants were much higher than in wild-type tobacco.Conclusion: This study is the first report of identifying the SWEET gene family in daylily at the genome-wide level, and most of the genes were expressed in different temperature. The overexpression further showed that HfSWEET17 genes was participate in daylily low-temperature response. The results of this study provide a basis for further functional analysis of the SWEET gene family in daylily.
Root electrical capacitance as an indicator of wheat growth and yield in a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Pokovai Klára , Barcza Zoltán , Marton Tibor A. , Fodor Nándor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and aims This study was the first to test the efficiency of monitoring root electrical capacitance (CR*) non-destructively in the field to evaluate crop development under different environmental conditions.Methods A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was performed with two winter wheat cultivars, two levels (low and high) of nitrogen supply and two (ambient and elevated) of [CO2] in three replicate plots over two years. The validity of CR* as a proxy for root uptake activity was confirmed by tracking the ceptometer-based leaf area index (LAI).Results Repeated CR* measurements clearly demonstrated the seasonal dynamics in root development, with a peak at flowering, and the delayed growth in the second year caused by the unfavourable meteorological conditions. From the vegetative to flowering stages, CR* was strongly correlated with LAI (R2: 0.897–0.962). The positive effect of higher N supply and elevated [CO2] on crop growth was clearly indicated by the higher CR* values, associated with increased LAI, shoot dry mass (SDM) at flowering and grain yield (GY). The maximum CR* was closely related to GY (R2: 0.805 and 0.867) when the data were pooled across the N and CO2 treatments and the years. Unlike CR* and GY, SDM and LAI were significantly lower in the second year, presumably due to the enhanced root/shoot ratio induced by a severe spring drought.Conclusions The present results convincingly demonstrated the potential of the in situ root capacitance method to assess root responses dynamically, and to predict crop GY.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Its Impact on Intestinal Morphophysiology Throughout Postnatal Development in Pigs
Authors: Santos Thais , Fernandes Saffir , Araujo Stefany , Felicioni Fernando , Paula Thais , Brant Andre Caldeira , Ferreira Soraia , Naves Luciana , Souza Stefania , Campos Paulo , Chiarini-Garcia Helio , Dias Ana Luisa , Almeida Fernanda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compromises fetal development, leading to low birth weight, and predisposes to gastrointestinal disorders. Pigs that suffered IUGR present poor postnatal development, resulting in great economic losses to the industry. The small intestine may be involved with their growth commitment, but studies investigating this issue are still limited. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate small intestine morphofunctional alterations in IUGR pigs throughout the production phases (birth to 150 days). IUGR pigs presented lower body weight from birth to the finishing phase (P<0.05). Although histomorphometrical parameters were not affected during the pre-weaning period, their commitment was observed specifically in the duodenum of the IUGR group at older ages (P<0.05). The most detrimental effects on the small intestine, such as highest duodenum crypts’ depth, lowest villus height:crypt depth ratio and absorptive area, increased apoptosis and lower proliferation of the duodenum epithelium were noticed at 70 days of age (P<0.05). Additionally, IUGR pigs presented the lowest chymotrypsin and amylase activities at 70 and 150 days of age, respectively (P<0.05). These findings showed intestinal disturbances in IUGR pigs throughout the different production phases, demonstrating that poor performance is a consequence of intestinal damage mainly at the grower period.
Identification and Functional Characterization of the First Deep Intronic GLA Mutation (IVS4+1326C&gt;T) Causing Renal Variant of Fabry Disease
Authors: Dai Xuantong , Zong Xue , Pan Xiaoxia , Lu Wei , Jiang Geng-Ru , Lin Fujun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Fabry disease (FD, OMIM #301500) is an X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by the deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-GalA), encoded by the GLA gene. Among more than 1100 reported GLA mutations, few were deep intronic mutations which have been linked to classic and cardiac variants of FD. Methods and results: We report a novel hemizygous deep intronic GLA mutation (IVS4+1326C>T) in a 33-year-old Chinese man with a mild α-GalA deficiency phenotype involving isolated proteinuria and predominant globotriaosylceramide deposits in podocytes. IVS4+1326C>T, which appears to be the first deep intronic GLA mutation associated with renal variant of FD, was identified by Sanger sequencing the entire GLA DNA sequence of the patient’s peripheral mononuclear blood lymphocytes (PBMCs). Further sequencing of cDNA from PBMCs of the patient revealed a minor full-length GLA transcript accounting for about 25% of total GLA transcript, along with two major aberrantly spliced GLA transcripts both encoding deficient α-GalA, as determined by in vitro functional assay. As a result, our patient had a high residual α-GalA activity of 75% of normal activity, highlighting the vulnerability of podocytes to α-GalA deficiency. The combined clinical phenotype, genetic analysis and functional studies verified the pathogenicity of IVS4+1326C>T.Conclusions: The identification of IVS4+1326C>T establishes a link between deep intronic GLA mutation and the renal variant of FD, which extends the mutation spectrum in GLA gene and justifies further study of how IVS4+1326C>T and potentially other deep intronic GLA mutations contribute to Fabry podocytopathy through aberrant splicing. Future studies should also assess the true incidence of IVS4+1326C>T in patients with different variants of FD, which may improve early genetic diagnosis to allow timely treatment that can prevent disease progression and improve survival.