bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous 50 cm/10 cm Single-pulse Polarization Observations of PSR J0953+0755
Authors: Rejep Rukiye , Yan Wen-Ming , Wang Na 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on simultaneous single-pulse observations of PSR J0953+0755 at 732 and 3100 MHz made using the Parkes 64-m radio telescope at two epochs. Another non-simultaneous 1369 MHz observation has also been analyzed to compare polarization properties of this pulsar at different frequencies. The previously reported low-level bridge emission between the interpulse and the main pulse is notably present at 732 MHz. However, the bridge emission becomes very weak or undetectable at higher frequencies. The cross-correlation analysis of simultaneous observations indicates that the total intensity of single pulses is highly correlated, which implies the same emission mechanism is responsible for the two frequencies. We confirm that the abrupt position angle jumps are non-orthogonal in this pulsar which probably result from the overlapping emission from two non-orthogonal polarization modes and the separation between different polarization modes is frequency-dependent. At all three frequencies, the dominant modes are clearly associated with negative values of circular polarization, but the association seems unclear for weak modes.
Ultrafast synthetic strategies under extreme heating conditions toward single-atom catalysts
Authors: He Guanchao , Yan Minmin , Gong Haisheng , Fei Huilong , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dispersing atomic metals on substrates provides an ideal method to maximize metal utilization efficiency, which is important for the production of cost-effective catalysts and the atomic-level control of the electronic structure. However, due to the high surface energy, individual single atoms tend to migrate and aggregate into nanoparticles during preparation and catalytic operation. In the past few years, various synthetic strategies based on ultrafast thermal activation toward the effective preparation of single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged, which could effectively solve the aggregation issue. Here, we highlight and summarize the latest developments in various ultrafast synthetic strategy with rapid energy input by heating shockwave and instant quenching for the synthesis of SACs, including Joule heating, microwave heating, solid-phase laser irradiation, flame-assisted method, arc-discharge method and so on, with special emphasis on how to achieve the uniform dispersion of single metal atoms at high metal loadings as well as the suitability for scalable production. Finally, we point out the advantages and disadvantages of the ultrafast heating strategies as well as the trends and challenges of future developments.
Air exposure towards stable Li/Li10GeP2S12 interface for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Weng Wei , Zhou Dong , Liu Gaozhan , Shen Lin , Li Mengqi , Chang Xinshuang , Yao Xiayin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Moist air is a great challenge for manufacturing sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries as the water in air will lead to severe decomposition of sulfide electrolytes and release H2S gas. However, different with direct reaction with water, short-period air exposure of Li10GeP2S12 sulfide electrolyte with controlled humidity can greatly enhance the stability of Li10GeP2S12 against lithium metal, thus realizing stable Li10GeP2S12 based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. During air exposure, partial hydrolysis reaction occurs on the surface of Li10GeP2S12 pellets, rapidly generating a protective decomposition layer of Li4P2S6, GeS2 and Li2HPO3 in dozens of seconds. This ionically conductive but electronically insulation protecting layer can effectively prevent the severe interface reaction between Li10GeP2S12 and lithium metal during electrochemical cycling. The Li/40s-air-exposed Li10GeP2S12/Li cell shows long cycling stability for 1000 h. And the LiCoO2/40s-air-exposed Li10GeP2S12/Li batteries present good rate capability and long cyclic performances, showing capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles.
Elliptic curves with common torsion 𝑥-coordinates and hyperelliptic torsion packets
Authors: Fu Hang , Stoll Michael 
Published: April 2022

We establish a connection between torsion packets on curves of genus

2
2

and pairs of elliptic curves realized as double covers of the projective line

P

x
1

\mathbb {P}^1_x

that have many common torsion

x
x

-coordinates. This can be used to show that the set of common torsion

x
x

-coordinates has size at least

22
22

infinitely often and has

34
34

elements in some cases. We also explain how we obtained the current record example of a hyperelliptic torsion packet on a genus

2
2

curve.
Thresholds for Intervention in Child Neglect by Ordinary Citizens: Implications for Measuring Informal Social Control of Child Neglect
Authors: Abdullah Alhassan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is growing attention towards neighbourhood and contextual approaches to address and prevent child maltreatment. However, research into neighbour’s protective intervention (protective informal social control) in child neglect has seen little attention. Even amongst the limited research, the findings have not been consistent. The limited research on the subject is partly explained by the contested issue, which centres on the question; how do neighbours witness and intervene in non-aggressive forms of maltreatment, such as neglect? This article aimed to contribute to address this question by exploring thresholds in child neglect amongst ordinary residents. It draws on narrative interviews with seventeen female parents from seven settlements in Ghana. Severity of neglect, consistent exposure and poor parental capacity were key threshold measures reported. It emerged that threshold criteria (high or low) vary based on the subtypes of neglect. Whilst medical and supervisory neglect attracts low threshold criteria, more than one-time exposure is required to meet threshold in food neglect. The findings contrast the uncritical approach of lumping up subtypes of neglect. Instead, it advocates for the development of a context-based measure for protective informal social control of neglect that accounts for subtype effects. Such development should follow an item response theory approach.
Biodegradation of quinolinic acid by a newly isolated bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis strain JQ191
Authors: Zhao Lingling , Jiang Yinhu , Zhao Zhenyang , Wang Kexin , Zhang Xuan , Hong Qing , Qiu Jiguo , He Jian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QA) is a pyridine derivative that can be found in many organisms and is widely used in the chemical industry. However, QA possesses excitotoxic properties. To date, the catabolism of QA mediated by microorganisms has rarely been reported. In this study, a QA-degrading strain (JQ191) was isolated from sewage sludge. Based on phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Strain JQ191 was able to utilize QA as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth. QA-cultured cells of JQ191 completely degrade 200 mg/L QA within 2 days in a mineral salt medium, whereas the LB-cultured cells experienced a 2-day lag period before degrading QA, indicating that the catabolic enzymes involved in QA degradation were induced by QA. 6-Hydroxypicolinic acid (6HPA) was identified as an intermediate of QA degradation by strain JQ191. A 6HPA monooxygenase gene picB was cloned, genetically disrupted, and heterologously expressed, and the results show that picB was responsible for catalyzing 6HPA to 3,6DHPA in JQ191. A new QA mineralization pathway was proposed. This study identifies a new bacterium candidate that has a potential application prospect in the bioremediation of QA-polluted environment, as well as provides new insights into the bacterial catabolism of QA.
RBBP4 dysfunction reshapes the genomic landscape of H3K27 methylation and acetylation and disrupts gene expression
Authors: Mu Weipeng , Murcia Noel S , Smith Keriayn N , Menon Debashish U , Yee Della , Magnuson Terry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
RBBP4 is a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complexes known as Polycomb repressive complex 2 and histone deacetylase 1/2-containing complexes. These complexes are responsible for histone H3 lysine 27 methylation and deacetylation, respectively. How RBBP4 modulates the functions of these complexes remains largely unknown. We generated viable Rbbp4 mutant alleles in mouse embryonic stem cell lines by CRISPR-Cas9. The mutations disrupted Polycomb repressive complex 2 assembly and H3K27me3 establishment on target chromatin and altered histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation genome wide. Moreover, Rbbp4 mutant cells underwent dramatic changes in transcriptional profiles closely tied to the deregulation of H3K27ac. The alteration of H3K27ac due to RBBP4 dysfunction occurred on numerous cis-regulatory elements, especially putative enhancers. These data suggest that RBBP4 plays a central role in regulating histone H3 lysine 27 methylation and acetylation to modulate gene expression.
All-Subset Analysis Improves the Predictive Accuracy of Biological Age for All-Cause Mortality in Chinese and U.S. Populations
Authors: Wei Kai , Peng Shanshan , Liu Na , Li Guyanan , Wang Jiangjing , Chen Xiaotong , He Leqi , Chen Qiudan , Lv Yuan , Guo Huan , Lin Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Klemera–Doubal’s method (KDM) is an advanced and widely applied algorithm for estimating biological age (BA), but it has no uniform paradigm for biomarker processing. This article proposed all subsets of biomarkers for estimating BAs and assessed their association with mortality to determine the most predictive subset and BA.

Methods
Clinical biomarkers, including those from physical examinations and blood assays, were assessed in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009 wave. Those correlated with chronological age (CA) were combined to produce complete subsets, and BA was estimated by KDM from each subset of biomarkers. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine and compare each BA’s effect size and predictive capacity for all-cause mortality. Validation analysis was performed in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). KD-BA and Levine’s BA were compared in all cohorts.

Results
A total of 130 918 panels of BAs were estimated from complete subsets comprising 3–17 biomarkers, whose Pearson coefficients with CA varied from 0.39 to 1. The most predictive subset consisted of 5 biomarkers, whose estimated KD-BA had the most predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality. Compared with Levine’s BA, the accuracy of the best-fitting KD-BA in predicting death varied among specific populations.

Conclusion
All-subset analysis could effectively reduce the number of redundant biomarkers and significantly improve the accuracy of KD-BA in predicting all-cause mortality.
Cellular and behavioral effects of altered NaV1.2 sodium channel ion permeability in Scn2a
K1422E mice
Authors: Echevarria-Cooper Dennis M , Hawkins Nicole A , Misra Sunita N , Huffman Alexandra M , Thaxton Tyler , Thompson Christopher H , Ben-Shalom Roy , Nelson Andrew D , Lipkin Anna M , George Jr Alfred L , Bender Kevin J , Kearney Jennifer A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Genetic variants in SCN2A, encoding the NaV1.2 voltage-gated sodium channel, are associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping phenotypes. Some variants fit into a framework wherein gain-of-function missense variants that increase neuronal excitability lead to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, while loss-of-function variants that reduce neuronal excitability lead to intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without co-morbid seizures. One unique case less easily classified using this framework is the de novo missense variant SCN2A-p.K1422E, associated with infant-onset developmental delay, infantile spasms and features of ASD. Prior structure–function studies demonstrated that K1422E substitution alters ion selectivity of NaV1.2, conferring Ca2+ permeability, lowering overall conductance and conferring resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX). Based on heterologous expression of K1422E, we developed a compartmental neuron model incorporating variant channels that predicted reductions in peak action potential (AP) speed. We generated Scn2aK1422E mice and characterized effects on neurons and neurological/neurobehavioral phenotypes. Cultured cortical neurons from heterozygous Scn2aK1422E/+ mice exhibited lower current density with a TTX-resistant component and reversal potential consistent with mixed ion permeation. Recordings from Scn2aK1442E/+ cortical slices demonstrated impaired AP initiation and larger Ca2+ transients at the axon initial segment during the rising phase of the AP, suggesting complex effects on channel function. Scn2aK1422E/+ mice exhibited rare spontaneous seizures, interictal electroencephalogram abnormalities, altered induced seizure thresholds, reduced anxiety-like behavior and alterations in olfactory-guided social behavior. Overall, Scn2aK1422E/+ mice present with phenotypes similar yet distinct from other Scn2a models, consistent with complex effects of K1422E on NaV1.2 channel function.
Clinical Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Children Aged ≤5 Years (INSPIRE Study)
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Liese Johannes G , Kemmling Daniel , Prifert Christiane , Weißbrich Benedikt , Thilakarathne Pushpike , Diels Joris , Weber Karin , Streng Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalizations in children (≤5 years of age); limited data compare burden by age.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included children (≤5 years of age) hospitalized for &gt;24 hours with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed RSV infection (2015–2018). Hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ICU LOS, supplemental oxygen, and medication use were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified predictors of hospital LOS &gt;5 days.ResultsThree hundred twelve patients had RSV infection (ages 0 to &lt;6 months [35%], 6 to &lt;12 months [15%], 1 to &lt;2 years [25%], and 2–5 years [25%]); 16.3% had predefined comorbidities (excludes preterm infants). Median hospital LOS was 5.0 days and similar across age; 5.1% (16/312) were admitted to ICU (ICU LOS, 5.0 days), with those aged 0 to &lt;6 months admitted most frequently (10/108 [9.3%]). Supplemental oxygen was administered in 57.7% of patients, with similar need across ages. Antibiotics were administered frequently during hospitalization (43.6%). Predictors of prolonged LOS included pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 2.33), supplemental oxygen need (OR, 5.09), and preterm births (OR, 3.37). High viral load (RT-PCR RSV cycle threshold value &lt;25) was associated with greater need for supplemental oxygen.ConclusionsRSV causes substantial burden in hospitalized children (≤5 years), particularly preterm infants and those aged &lt;6 months.
Functional Compartmentalization of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System During Chronic HIV Infection
Authors: Spatola Marianna , Loos Carolin , Cizmeci Deniz , Webb Nicholas , Gorman Matthew J , Rossignol Evan , Shin Sally , Yuan Dansu , Fontana Laura , Mukerji Shibani S , Lauffenburger Douglas A , Gabuzda Dana , Alter Galit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a critical HIV reservoir. Thus, interventions aimed at controlling and eliminating HIV must include CNS-targeted strategies. Given the inaccessibility of the brain, efforts have focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), aimed at defining biomarkers of HIV-disease in the CNS, including HIV-specific antibodies. However, how antibodies traffic between the blood and CNS, and whether specific antibody profiles track with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively profiled HIV-specific antibodies across plasma and CSF from 20 antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive or treated persons with HIV. CSF was populated by IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies, with reduced Fc-effector profiles. While ART improved plasma antibody functional coordination, CSF profiles were unaffected by ART and were unrelated to HAND severity. These data point to a functional sieving of antibodies across the blood-brain barrier, providing previously unappreciated insights for the development of next-generation therapeutics targeting the CNS reservoir.
Mortality Risk Among Frail Neonates and Maternal BCG Vaccine Scar Status: Observational Study From Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Schaltz-Buchholzer Frederik , Aaby Peter , Silva Isaquel , Monteiro Ivan , Kollmann Tobias R , Amenyogbe Nelly , Bjerregaard-Andersen Morten , Benn Christine Stabell 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Maternal priming with the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been associated with reduced offspring mortality rates. We investigated this association in a cohort of frail neonates.

Methods
We performed an observational study within a randomized BCG trial conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guinea-Bissau from 2015 to 2017. At NICU admission and after informed consent, the maternal scar status was evaluated by visual inspection before neonates were randomized 1:1 to receive BCG + oral polio vaccine immediately or at hospital discharge. Stratified by maternal scar status, we assessed overall in-hospital and postdischarge mortality rates through 42 days of age in Cox proportional hazards models providing adjusted mortality rate ratios (aMRRs).

Results
Overall, 62% of mothers (903 of 1451) had a BCG vaccine scar. During NICU admission, the mortality risk was 1.7% (15 of 903) for neonates born to mothers with a scar versus 3.3% (18 of 548) for those born to mothers with no scar; the aMRR for maternal scar versus no scar was 0.53 (95% CI, .26–1.05), 0.39 (95% CI, .13–1.05) for unvaccinated and 0.70 (95% CI, .26–1.87) for vaccinated neonates.

Conclusions
This small study indicates that maternal BCG vaccine might be associated with reduced all-cause NICU mortality rate. If confirmed elsewhere, this finding would have substantial ramifications for global health.
Talents and Cultures: Immigrant Inventors and Ethnic Diversity in the Age of Mass Migration
Authors: Campo Francesco , Mendola Mariapia , Morrison Andrea , Ottaviano Gianmarco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the importance of co-ethnic networks and diversity in determining immigrant inventors’ settlements in the United States by following the location choices of thousands of them across counties during the Age of Mass Migration. To do so, we combine a unique United States Patent and Trademark Office historical patent dataset on immigrants who arrived as adults with Census data and exploit exogenous variation in both immigration flows and diversity induced by former settlements, WWI, and the 1920s Immigration Acts. We find that co-ethnic networks play an important role in attracting immigrant inventors. Yet, we also find that immigrant diversity acts as an additional significant pull factor. This is mainly due to externalities that foster immigrant inventors’ productivity.
Non-linear excitation of low-frequency modes by overstable convective modes in rotating stars
Authors: Lee Umin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We discuss non-linear excitation and amplitude saturation of g-, r, and overstable convective (OsC) modes in early-type main sequence stars, taking account of the effects of three-mode couplings on amplitude evolutions. OsC modes are rotationally stabilized convective modes in the convective core and they resonantly excite low-frequency g-modes to obtain large amplitudes in the envelope when the rotation rate of the core is larger than critical rates. We use, for a network of three-mode couplings, amplitude equations governing the time evolution of the mode amplitudes where each of three-mode couplings is assumed to occur between two stable modes and one unstable mode. Assuming that the unstable modes in the couplings are OsC modes in the core and the stable modes are g- and r-modes in the envelope, we integrate the amplitude equations to see how the g- and r-modes are non-linearly excited by the OsC modes and whether or not the amplitude evolutions tend toward a state of finite amplitudes. We find that the non-linear three-mode couplings do excite low-frequency g- and r-modes but they are not necessarily effective to achieve amplitude saturation since the three-mode couplings between the OsC modes with large growth rates and g- and r-modes with small-damping rates tend to destabilize amplitude evolutions.
Stellar streams and dark substructure: the diffusion regime
Authors: Delos M Sten , Schmidt Fabian 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The cold dark matter picture predicts an abundance of substructure within the Galactic halo. However, most substructures host no stars and can only be detected indirectly. Stellar streams present a promising probe of this dark substructure. These streams arise from tidally stripped star clusters or dwarf galaxies, and their low dynamical temperature and negligible self-gravity give them a sharp memory of gravitational perturbations caused by passing dark substructures. For this reason, perturbed stellar streams have been the subject of substantial study. While previous studies have been largely numerical, we show here that in the diffusion regime – where stream stars are subjected to many small velocity kicks – stream perturbations can be understood on a fully analytic level. In particular, we derive how the (three-dimensional) power spectrum of the substructure density field determines the power spectrum of the (one-dimensional) density of a stellar stream. Our analytic description supplies a clear picture of the behaviour of stream perturbations in response to a perturbing environment, which may include contributions from both dark and luminous substructure. In particular, stream perturbations grow in amplitude initially, settle into a steady state, and ultimately decay. By directly relating stellar stream perturbations to the surrounding matter distribution, this analytic framework represents a versatile new tool for probing the nature of dark matter through astrophysical observations.
Pulsating hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs and pre-white dwarfs observed withTESS– IV. Discovery of two new GW Vir stars: TIC 0403800675 and TIC 1989122424
Authors: Uzundag Murat , Córsico Alejandro H , Kepler S O , Althaus Leandro G , Werner Klaus , Reindl Nicole , Vučković Maja 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWe present two new GW Vir-type pulsating white dwarf stars, TIC 0403800675 (WD J115727.68-280349.64) and TIC 1989122424 (WD J211738.38-552801.18) discovered in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometric data. For both stars, the TESS light curves reveal the presence of oscillations with periods in a narrow range between 400 and 410 s, which are associated with typical gravity (g)-modes. Follow-up ground-based spectroscopy shows that both stars have similar effective temperature ($T_\mathrm{eff} = 110\, 000 \pm 10\, 000$ K) and surface gravity (log g = 7.5 ± 0.5), but different He/C composition (mass fractions): He = 0.75 and C = 0.25 for TIC 0403800675, and He = 0.50 and C = 0.50 for TIC 1989122424. By performing a fit to their spectral energy distributions, we found for both stars radii and luminosities of $R=0.019\pm 0.002\, \mathrm{R}_\odot$ and $\log (\mathrm{L/L}_\odot)=1.68^{+0.15}_{-0.24}$, respectively. By employing evolutionary tracks of PG 1159 stars, we find the masses of both stars to be $0.56\pm 0.18 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ from the log g-Teff diagram and $0.60^{+0.11}_{-0.09} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ from the Hertzsprung Russell diagram.