bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Short Review on Glucogallin and its Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Ghosh Dipanjan , Khan Anam Najib , Singh Rajveer , Bhattacharya Arka , Chakravarti Rudra , Roy Syamal , Ravichandiran Velayutham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Plant derived natural products have multifaceted beneficial roles in human pathophysiology.
Plant secondary metabolites have been used as an adjunct medicine for a long time and β-
Glucogallin is one such pharmaceutically important plant derived natural product. Β-glucogallin
(1-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose), a plant-derived polyphenolic ester, is regarded as the primary
metabolite in the biosynthesis of hydrolyzable tannins. It is majorly found in amla, pomegranate,
strawberry etc. Owing to its free radical scavenging properties, β-glucogallin (BG) is believed to
protect against several diseases like diabetes and related complications like retinopathy, glaucoma,
inflammation, hepatic damage, skin damage from UV, etc. Several semisynthetic derivatives
of β-Glucogallin are being developed, which have better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
parameters than β-glucogallin. Studies have shown the prophylactic role of β-Glucogallin in developing
defence mechanisms against the advent and progression of certain diseases. β-
glucogallin formulations have shown a positive effect as a neutraceutical. In this manuscript, we
have discussed β-glucogallin, its natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, its semi-synthetic derivatives,
and the plethora of its pharmacological activities like antioxidant-antiinflammatory, antidiabetic,
cataract-preventing, anti glaucoma, and UV protectant. We have also highlighted various
biological pathways, which are modulated by β-glucogallin. The manuscript will convey the importance
of β-glucogallin as a compound of natural origin, having multifaceted health benefits.
Recent Developments and Potential for Clinical Use of Casein as a Drug
Carrier
Authors: Semwal Deepak Kumar , Semwal Ravindra , Joshi Sunil Kumar , Semwal Ruchi Badoni 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The development of drug delivery carriers is the key area of research in the
field of novel drug delivery systems. To date, a long list of carriers has been identified for this purpose
but the deliveries of poorly water-soluble active substances are still facing challenges and hence, such
substances are pharmacologically unsafe and economically incompetent.

Objective:
This article aims to review the applications of casein as a drug carrier and its potential for
clinical use.

Methods:
The relevant literature on the casein protein was collected from authentic online scientific
databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using different keywords including “casein”, “drug
delivery system”, “drug carrier” and “bioavailability”. The articles and books accessed online have been
thoroughly reviewed and the most relevant reports on casein as a drug carrier have only been included
in the present study.

Results:
Casein is a milk protein that has many structural and physicochemical properties which facilitate
its functionality in delivery systems. Moreover, its amphiphilic nature makes it the most suitable
carrier for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs without showing any toxic effects. The carriers obtained
from natural sources are trustworthy over synthetic carriers and in the demand of the market due
to their easy availability, low-cost factor, bio-friendly and nontoxic nature.

Conclusion:
Casein was found to be an effective natural drug carrier in various delivery systems due to
its unique applications in improving the bioavailability and efficacy of a drug.
Designing, Structural Determination, and Antibacterial Activity of Injectable
Ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin-sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose composite
Nanogels against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liu Jinhuan , Song Wei , Algharib Samah Attia , Luo Wanhe , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The development of nanogels has become an attractive strategy to enhance the
antibacterial activity performance of bacteria.

Methods:
The ciprofloxacin composite nanogels were successfully prepared by electrostatic interaction
between gelatin (positive charge) and CMC (negative charge) with the help of sodium tripolyphosphate
(TPP) as ionic crosslinkers, to increase the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus
aureus (S. aureus) mastitis infection. The formulation screening, characterization, in vitro release, antibacterial
activity, and biosafety were studied.

Results:
The optimized formulation was fabricated of 20 mg/mL (CMC) and 50mg/mL (gelatin). The
optimized ciprofloxacin composite nanogels were homogenous canary yellow suspension with a sedimentation
rate of 1 and were incorporated in nano-sized cross-linked polymeric networks. The particle
sizes were distributed as, 402.7±1.3 nm, PDI of 0.12±0.01, ZP of -24.5±0.2mv, EE of 74.28%±0.03%,
LC of 20.5%±0.05%. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that ciprofloxacin might be incorporated
in nano-sized cross-linked polymeric networks. Fourier transform infrared showed that the
spontaneous electrostatic interactions between CMC and gelatin produce the network structure and
form the composite nanogels. Meanwhile, in vitro release study showed that ciprofloxacin composite
nanogels had sustained-release performances. The ciprofloxacin composite nanogels had shown better
antibacterial activity against SCV 102 isolate than S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus 101isolates.
The biosafety studies suggested the great promise of the injectable ciprofloxacin composite nanogels as
a biocompatible breast injection.

Conclusion:
This study will afford a potential approach for developing injectable ciprofloxacin-loaded
gelatin-CMC composite nanogels for cow S. aureus mastitis therapy.
Preparation of the Chitosan/Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid/Glabrid in Hybrid
Nanoparticles and Study on its Releasing Property
Authors: Chen Hanjiu , Zhuang Jie , Wu Xu , Shen Xingliang , Zhang Qianjie , Zhang Wanping 
Published: May 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study was to encapsulate glabridin (GB) into nanoparticles, prepared by
an ionic-gelation method blended with chitosan (CS) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) to address the
issue of poor stability and low water solubility of glabridin.

Methods:
The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron
microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

Result:
FT-IR results indicated that the spontaneous interaction between CS, γ-PGA and GB can form
a cross linked network-structure, leading to the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles. Morphology of
the complex particles was nano-scale spherical shape. Furthermore, particle size was decreased according
to the decrease of γ-PGA contents and CS, accompanying with the increase of mixed solution
transmittance. The mγ-PGA: mGB = 1: 1 and mCS: (mγ-PGA + mGB) =1: 1 were considered to be a proper
preparation condition of CS/γ-PGA/GB hybrid nanoparticles, which produced the smaller nanoparticles
with the satisfactory encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading content (LC) and sustained GB release.
With the increase of pH values, the potential, EE, and LC decreased gradually, while the particle size
increased. The nanoparticles prepared with higher molecular weight γ-PGA had larger particle size and
less loading capacity on GB. Additionally, moderate weight ratio of CS/γ-PGA/GB, low pH, and high
molecular weight of γ-PGA were favorable for sustained release.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and GB release
behaviors were affected by several factors including the weight ratio of CS/γ-PGA/GB, pHvalues, and
γ-PGA molecular weight (MW). Nanoencapsulation using CS, γ-PGA and GB has a potential application
for the development of functional cosmetic products with skin-whitening effect.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Docking Studies of Thioxoquinoline
Derivatives as Potential Anti-Alzheimer Agents
Authors: Sachin Chandavarkar , Naik Shalaka P. , Soniya Phadte , Harishchandra Naik , Venkatesh Sinari , Shilpa Tawde , Shivlingarao Mamle Desai 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is related to the total loss of presynaptic neurotransmitters
of the cholinergic system in regions of the brain related to memory. Approximately 15%
of the population beyond the age of 65 years are suffering from dementia due to AD and the rate is rising
exponentially with age.

Objective:
The objective of this research was the synthesis of a series of 1-(4-substituted-2-
thioxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-substituted ethanoneV (a-c(1-4)) by undergoing acetylation at the nitrogen
of 4-hydroxyquinolin-2-(1H)-one and replacing its oxygen atom with sulphur moiety via the process
of thionation. To carry out-docking studies of the title compounds were carried out using Molegro Virtual
Docker (MVD-2013, 6.0) software and in-vitro screening of anti-alzheimer’s activity by Ellman
assay method.

Method:
The synthesis of the title compounds was carried out via the sequential reaction from the
initial dianilide to ring closure to the substituted quinoline-2-ones using polyphosphoric acid as a cyclising
agent. These substituted quinoline-2-ones on thionation by phosphorous pentasulphide in aluminium
trioxide gave quinoline-2-thiones and on further condensation with chloroacetyl chloride, they
resulted in compounds with a leaving group. Nucleophilic substitution reaction of chloroacetylquinoline-
2-thiones with secondary amines resulted in the title compounds 1-(4-substituted-2-
thioxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-substituted ethanone V(a-c(1-4)). The pharmacophore mapping of synthesized
compounds was performed by using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2013,6.0). The title compounds
were tested for their in vitro anti-Alzheimer's activity using the Ellman assay method.

Results:
All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass
spectral data. Docking studies of all the synthesized compounds were carried out using a structural
mechanism for the inhibition of CDK5-p25 by roscovitine, aloisine, and indirubin (PDB ID: 1UNG),
showed favourable results, with compound (Vb3) showing a MolDock score of -85.9788 that was
comparable to that of the active ligand (ALH_1288 [B]) with MolDock score of - 87.7609.

Conclusion:
The synthesized derivatives possessed the potential to bind with some of the amino acid
residues of the active site. Compound 2-(6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-thioxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl-1-piperazin-
1-ethanone (Vb3) was found to be the most active among the synthesized derivatives, with IC50 values
of 32 ± 0.1681. All the synthesized compounds showed potent to moderate activity in comparison to
the reference standard donepezil.
The Newly Proposed Mechanism of Cardiomyocyte Protection of Carvedilol-
Anti-Apoptosis Pattern of Carvedilol in Anoxia by Inducing Autophagy
Partly through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Li Jingru , Li Chaozhong , Sun Guihu , Li Longjun , Zeng Yongli , Wang Huawei , Wu Xinyu , Yang Ping , Peng Yunzhu , Wang Luqiao 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the underlying mechanism of cardiomyocyte protection of carvedilol
based on autophagy and apoptosis.

Methods:
Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were exposed to various concentrations of carvedilol
before anoxia, and pretreated with 3-MA or compound C for inhibiting autophagy or p-AMPK expression.
CCK-8 colorimeter and flow cytometry were used to determine the cell viability and apoptotic
rates. The variation of mRNA and protein was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. The presence of
autophagosomes was observed by electron microscopy.

Results:
First, we found that carvedilol increased autophagic marker levels in a concentration-dependent
manner and the number of autophagosomes in NRVMs. Moreover, carvedilol substantially enhanced the
viability and noticeably reduced the CK, MDA and LDH levels and cell apoptosis rate compared with the
anoxia group. In addition, carvedilol decreased the levels of caspase-3 and Bim in mRNA and protein, but
such effect was blocked by the special autophagy inhibitor-3-MA, and the number of autophagosomes
was significantly decreased when treated with 3-MA, indicating that carvedilol exhibited anti-apoptotic
and anti-injury effects by inducing autophagy in anoxia NRVMs, but these effects can be abolished by
adding 3-MA to suppress autophagy. Finally, the carvedilol treatment-induced autophagy by enhancing
the activation of p-AMPK and inhibiting p-mTOR. Electron microscopy presented that the number of
autophagosomes was significantly decreased when treating with compound C, indicating that carvedilol
induced autophagy in anoxia NRVMs partly by the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusions:
Carvedilol has cardioprotection by inducing autophagy against apoptosis partly through the
AMPK/mTOR pathway during anoxia in NRVMs.
Effective Proficiency of Manganese Porphyrins as Catalysts in Chemical
Transformations: A Review
Authors: Chaurasia Pankaj Kumar , Bharati Shashi Lata , Singh Sunita , Yadava Sudha 
Published: May 2022

:
Porphyrin ligands are well-known for their promising tendency to produce metal porphyrin
complexes of great significance. Out of different metal porphyrins, manganese porphyrins are one of
the most valuable metal porphyrins due to effective catalytic performance and potential in many reactions
like C-H isocyanation, the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides, epoxidation, oxygen reduction
reaction, depolymerization reactions, oxidation of aromatic alcohols, selective oxidation of cycloalkenes/
alkanes, aliphatic C-H chlorination, dehydrogenation of alcohols, dye degradation, BSA nitration
and others. Hence, in this review, the authors have best tried to present an effective insight overview
of these aforementioned applications with the help of some recent studies for signifying the value
of manganese porphyrins as a competent catalyst.
Nanocellulose from Preparation to Application: A Mini Review
Authors: Song Licheng , Yan Chaoying , Che Xinpeng , Yao Shuangquan , Nie Shuangxi , Xu Huanfei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
In this paper, the advanced preparation methods of nanocellulose are reviewed and their
advantages and disadvantages are compared, especially the application of using a eutectic solvent to
prepare nanocellulose instead of strong acid and strong base solvent is listed. In this paper, the wide
application of nanocellulose in medicine, sewage treatment, electrochemistry, gas absorption and
other fields is summarized, such as drug transport as a drug carrier and the construction of biological
tissue scaffolds for the medical field. Further research is needed, and the expectation of more
green and efficient preparation of nanocellulose and its application prospect in more fields is expressed.
Changes in Shear Wave Elastography after Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor Treatment
in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Douros Konstantinos , Kanavaki Aikaterini , Kanavaki Ino , Zoumpoulis Pavlos S. , Moustaki Maria , Loukou Ioanna 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) is an approved combination therapy for
cystic fibrosis (CF) patients homozygous for F508del.

Objective:
This study aimed to detect changes in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in patients under
this treatment.

Methods:
The study population consisted of CF patients homozygous for F508del, 6 to 11 years
old, who had been treated for six months with LUM/IVA. Shear wave elastography (SWE) was
performed in all of them, before and 6 months after the commencement of treatment.

Results:
Thirty-one patients were included in the study. LSM values after treatment were significantly
higher than the values before treatment (medians and interquartile ranges of LSM values before
and after treatment: 5.6, 5.3-6.3 kPa and, 6.4, 6.0-7.6 kPa, respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
SWE can detect early changes in LSM in some CF patients treated with LUM/IVA.
Impact of Dimethylfumarate on Sleep in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: An
Actigraphic Study
Authors: Rocchi Chiara , Lombardi Lucrezia , Broggi Serena , Danni Maura Chiara , Lattanzi Simona , Viticchi Giovanna , Falsetti Lorenzo , Bartolini Marco , Silvestrini Mauro , Buratti Laura 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are common. Dimethylfumarate
is an oral disease-modifying drug (DMT), whose impact on sleep is unknown.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to characterize actigraphic patterns in MS patients treated with
dimethylfumarate.

Methods:
Twenty relapsing-remitting MS patients with low to a mild disability, aged 20-50y, treated
with dimethylfumarate for more than 6 months, were enrolled. All subjects had no history of sleep
disorders. Actigraphy was used to study sleep patterns during a seven-day period. Sleep quality was
assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Twenty healthy subjects served as controls.

Results:
Our results showed statistically significant differences between some actigraphic patterns in
MS patients treated with dimethylfumarate and healthy subjects, but the values for patients were still
within normal limits. PSQI score was higher in MS patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that dimethylfumarate, an oral DMT with a favourable benefit-risk
profile, does not strongly alter sleep patterns in MS patients with low to mild disability and with no
history of sleep disorders. Actigraphy is a simple diagnostic tool, able to support an objective measure
of sleep parameters. The simplicity of application may allow considering its use for a screening of
sleep disorders in MS patients.
Information Leakage Tracking Algorithms in Online Social Networks
Authors: Shabaz Mohammad , Zhang Yusong , Beram Shehab Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Aim:
In order to explore the study on information leakage tracking algorithms in online social networks, solve the problem of information leakage in the current online social network. a deterministic leaker tracking algorithm based on digital fingerprints is proposed

Background:
: First, the basic working principle of the algorithm is that the platform uses plug-ins to embed a unique user-identifying information before users try to obtain digital media such as images and videos shared by others on the platform.

Objective:
Secondly, because the scale of users in social networks is extremely large and dynamic, while ensuring the uniqueness of digital fingerprints, it is also necessary to ensure the coding efficiency and scalability of digital fingerprint code words.

Methods:
Simulation experiments show that: 10 experiments are performed on 10,000 to 100,000 nodes, the Hamming distance threshold d is set to be 3, and the length of the hash code and the binary random sequence code are both 64 bits.

Results:
Compared with the traditional linear search, the proposed digital fingerprint fast detection scheme has better performance

Conclusion:
It is proved that an index table based on hash code and user ID is established and combines with community structure, to improve the detection efficiency of digital fingerprints
Formulation and Evaluation of Naproxen Sodium Loaded Invasomes for
Topical Delivery
Authors: Shailaja Abbaraju Krishna , Afreen Uzma 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Naproxen sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis to relieve pain and inflammation. It mainly acts by inhibiting COX1 and COX2 receptors. By inhibiting the COX1 receptor, it causes severe gastric bleeding and peptic ulcer, and by inhibiting the COX2 receptor, it causes cardiovas-cular side effects. In order to avoid the adverse effects of naproxen, there is a need to develop a novel drug delivery system. So that invasomes, because of their vesicular structure, are capable of penetrating more into the systemic circulation and will be acting locally and systemically.

Methods:
In this study, attempts have been made to prepare and characterize naproxen sodium loaded invasomes. Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were prepared by thin film hydration tech-nique using soya lecithin as lipid, span60 as surfactant, limonene as terpene and methanol, ethanol and chloroform as organic solvents. A total of twelve formulations (INV1-INV12) of invasomes were prepared, in which four formulations were prepared by varying drug to surfactant ratio and eight formulations were prepared by varying drug to lipid ratio.

Results and Discussions:
All the formulations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment effi-ciency, particle size, zeta potential, and invitro drug release. Among the twelve formulations of in-vasomes, the INV2 formulation (1:1) ratio containing 40mg drug and 40mg surfactant (span60) was found to be the best formulation with a drug content of 96.62%, entrapment efficiency of 90.9%, zeta potential of -68.5mV, mean particle diameter of 572.4 nm, and invitro drug release of 91.6% in a time period of 12 hrs and followed the zero order kinetics with non fickian diffusion mechanism.

Conclusion:
In this present study, naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were successfully prepared and evaluated.
The Efficacy of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression and
Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hodge Andrew Troy , Sukpraprut-Braaten, Suporn , Strayhan Robert C. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The use of psychedelic compounds to treat psychiatric disorders
has become a very significant topic of research over the past several years. Psilocybin has
risen to prominence as one of the most studied among these psychedelic compounds. Multiple
trials have already shown that it can be a safe and efficacious treatment for various medical
conditions. This study intends to perform a meta-analysis of data reported in clinical
trials studying psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety.

Methods:
Articles were searched, screened, and ultimately selected using predetermined
inclusion criteria. Data was collected from commonly used psychometric tests that measured
mood and anxiety symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated by comparing scores in these
tests at baseline and control to experimental groups. Sub-group analysis was performed to
assess psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety during short, medium, and long-term
time frames.

Results:
Statistical significance was achieved in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms
compared to controls in multiple subgroups. Heterogeneity of the effect sizes was calculated
using an I2 value which showed low to moderate values. Multiple tools were used to assess
publication bias, and none could be found.

Conclusion:
Although research on psilocybin continues to show promise, the evidence is
still at a preliminary phase, and more trials need to be conducted with larger patient populations
over longer periods for psilocybin to potentially be approved in a community setting.