bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of sonic speed theory for wet steam
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Wu Xiaoming , Li Liang , Yang Rui , Yang Jiandao 
Published: February 2022

In order to obtain the sonic speed of the wet steam under different thermal conditions, and verify the accuracy and the precision of Petr’s wet steam sonic theory, experimental measurements were carried out. Also, the effects of acoustic frequency, pressure, wetness, and droplet size on the sonic speed of wet steam were studied based on Petr’s wet steam sonic theory. Results indicate that deviations between the experimental results and Petr’s wet steam sonic theory is in the range of −4%–4%, which is within the experimental measurement error of ±5%. The variation range of the ratio of the actual sonic speed a to the frozen speed af is 0.89–1. When the sonic speed ratio ( a/ af) is close to 1, it means that the sonic speed of wet steam is close to the frozen speed, and the faster the sound wave propagates in the wet steam. In the acoustic frequency range of 102–105 Hz, the sonic speed of wet steam increases with increase of acoustic frequency, pressure, and water droplet size, and decreases with increasing wetness.
Advance care planning in dementia care: Wants, beliefs, and insight
Authors: Tetrault Annika , Nyback Maj-Helen , Vaartio-Rajalin Heli , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: February 2022

Background: Advance care planning gives patients and their family members the possibility to consider and make decisions regarding future care and medical procedures. Aim: To explore the view of people in the early stage of dementia on planning for future care. Research design: The study is a qualitative interview study with a semistructured interview guide. The data were analyzed according to the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. Participants and research context: Dementia nurses assisted in the recruiting of people with dementia for participation in the study. Study information was mailed to 95 people with early stage dementia. Ten people with dementia and eight caregiver spouses participated in the study. Ethical considerations: People with dementia belong to a vulnerable patient group, and care was taken in the areas of informed consent and accessible information. Findings: The views of people with dementia are characterized by a complex storyline involving tensions and movement within the themes of wants, beliefs, and levels of insight. Participants wanted to think about the future but also wanted to live in the here and now. Discussion: High demands are placed on the advance care planning process for people with dementia and their family caregivers. A dignity-enhancing approach in dementia care emphasizes the dignity of and respect for this vulnerable and care-dependent patient group. Conclusion: The process of advance care planning in dementia care needs to go beyond person-centered care to a relationship-centered process. The illness trajectory and the impact on autonomy need to be taken into consideration.
‘Blurred boundaries’: When nurses and midwives give anti-vaccination advice on Facebook
Authors: Green Janet , Petty Julia , Whiting Lisa , Orr Fiona , Smart Larissa , Brown Ann-Marie , Jones Linda 
Published: February 2022

Background: Nurses and midwives have a professional obligation to promote health and prevent disease, and therefore they have an essential role to play in vaccination. Despite this, some nurses and midwives have been found to take an anti-vaccination stance and promulgate misinformation about vaccines, often using Facebook as a platform to do so. Research question: This article reports on one component and dataset from a larger study – ‘the positives, perils and pitfalls of Facebook for nurses’. It explores the specific issue of nurses and midwives who take an anti-vaccination stance, deemed to be unprofessional by crossing professional boundaries and by providing medical information on Facebook that is not within their scope of practice. Participants: Data were collected via an online worldwide survey from nurse and midwife participants, distributed and ‘snowballed’ through relevant nursing and midwifery groups on Facebook. In total, 1644 Registered Nurses and Midwives, and Enrolled Nurses worldwide attempted the online survey. There were 1100 (66.9%) completed surveys and 54 partially (33.1%) completed surveys. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted online using Skype® with 17 participants in Australia. Ethical considerations: Ethical processes and procedures have been adhered to relating to privacy, confidentiality and anonymity of the participants. Findings/results: A mixed-methods approach was used, including descriptive and content analysis of the quantitative survey data and thematic analysis of the qualitative interview data. The main theme ‘blurred boundaries’ was generated, which comprised three sub-themes: ‘follow the science, ‘abuse of power and erosion of trust’ and ‘the moral and ethical responsibility to safeguard public health’. The results offer an important and unique understanding of how nurses and midwives interpret the conduct of fellow health professionals as unprofessional and crossing the professional boundary if they used Facebook to promulgate anti-vaccination messages and/or give medical advice online. Conclusion: There are many positives and negatives for nurses and midwives associated with using Facebook for personal and professional communication, which is in keeping with the results of the larger study from which this article is taken. Professional behaviour is a key theme in the larger research as is the ethical construct of ‘every act has a consequence’; however, in this article, the theme ‘blurred boundaries’ offers an overall understanding of how nurses and midwives interpret the behaviour of their colleagues who espouse anti-vaccination sentiment and/or give medical advice online that is outside their scope of practice and education.
Nurses' awareness and adherence with national ethical guidelines for research in North India
Authors: Sharma Suresh K 
Published: February 2022

Background: A large number of nurse researchers do not adhere to ethical standards while performing the research. Moreover, there is far less data on knowledge of existing national ethical guidelines. This study was, therefore, done to assess awareness and adherence to current national ethical guidelines among nursing students and faculty members. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done among nursing faculty members and theses carried out by postgraduate nursing students between 2012 and 2017. Using the convenience sampling technique, seven states of North India were selected. In each of the selected seven states, one government and one private nursing college was selected. Thus, a sample of 14 nursing colleges was selected. Then, using simple random sampling, a total of 140 nursing faculty members and 280 postgraduate nursing theses were selected from all the chosen institutes to be part of the study. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Ethical considerations: The study has been approved by the institutional ethical committee (ECR/737/Inst/UK/2018/RR-18). In addition, written permission from the head of each nursing institute was obtained before conducting the study. After participants read the Participation Information Sheet, they were asked for written informed consent before data collection. Confidentiality of the information and anonymity of the participants were maintained throughout the study. Results: The majority (81.8%) of the participants were females. It was found that compared to private nurses, government college nurses were more adhered to the research guidelines on research project approval (68.6% vs 22.1%), informed consent guidelines (74.3% vs 25%), providing patient information sheets (55.7% vs 10%), maintaining information confidentiality (82.9% vs 72.1%), maintaining anonymity (76.4% vs 22.9%) and obtaining custodian permission (97.8 vs 89.3%). It was also shown that nurses were more aware of the informed consent process domain (4.3 ± 0.3) followed by the general ethical principles domain (3.8 ± 0.8). Conclusion: Government college nurses adhered more to the research guidelines as compared to those employed in private settings. Most of the faculty members were not part of any clinical trials and had no research ethics training at all. Therefore, it is needed to provide an instructional programme to raise awareness of the research ethical standards.
Deficits, Debt and Interest Rates in Sri Lanka: Does the Spillover of Foreign Interest Rates Matter?
Authors: Mondal Suvra Prokash , Maitra Biswajit 
Published: February 2022

Fiscal policy’s impact on the interest rate has a controversial background. To reconcile theoretical uncertainties, researchers and policymakers often relied on empirical exploration. This article appraises the impact of external debt, domestic debt, the budget deficit, and foreign interest rates on interest rate variations in Sri Lanka, for the period when interest rates were deregulated. It applies the bounds testing procedure to the cointegration and error correction models within an autoregressive distributive lag framework. A set of relevant variables like the exchange rate, trade openness and money supply is controlled to corroborate whether such impacts are robust. It is found that the budget deficit elevates interest rates both in the long and short runs; external debt raises interest rates only in the long run; and domestic debt lowers interest rates both in the long and short runs. The spillover of foreign interest rates has a positive impact on Sri Lanka’s interest rate. As interest rates respond to domestic fiscal policy, they can induce fiscal discipline by affecting the cost of borrowing. On the other hand, the significant impact of foreign interest rates on Sri Lanka’s interest rate is a critical issue, as domestic macroeconomic policy has to face challenges to achieve its goal. JEL Classification: E62, E43, E52, H60
Financialisation of Commodity Markets: Evidence from India
Authors: Abraham Rose Mary K. 
Published: February 2022

The known circumstances that favour financialisation of commodity markets which result in unidirectional co-movement of equity and commodity indices are either weak or non-existent in India. Yet, after 2015, there has been a greater correlation between equity and commodity markets even when decoupling is observed in global markets. Results from the rolling regression attest to the shift in response of commodity and equity indices to wholesale price inflation (WPI) and call rate after 2015, indicating that post 2015 co-movement could have been a result of inflation targeting regime. The linear regression as well as the Granger causality analysis based on vector autoregression (VAR) framework, which accounts for simultaneity, confirms that commodity markets are moving on its own supply-demand factors. The rolling regression also brings to light the disciplining effect of regulatory scrutiny and audit trail in the Indian commodity market around July 2013, when National Spot Exchange Ltd. (NSEL) payment crisis and commodity transaction taxes (CTT) occurred. JEL Classifications: G180, G28, C580, G1, G100. G130
Stigma in Consultation Liaison Psychiatry: A Qualitative Study of Trainee Psychiatrists
Authors: Helingoe Kate Elizabeth , Cullum Sarah , Ng Lillian 
Published: February 2022

Objective Stigma related to mental illness can impact service-user care and clinician wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of stigma in consultation-liaison psychiatry from the perspectives of trainee psychiatrists and suggest interventions to tackle stigma within a hospital environment. Method Ethics approval and consent were obtained for the study. In-depth interviews were conducted by telephone with six participants in four New Zealand district health boards. De-identified data was analysed using thematic analysis. An independent co-coder was employed to enhance analytic rigour. Results Participants experienced stigma during their consultation-liaison rotations. Some felt isolated and undervalued. Education, intergration and role clarification within the hospital environment were identified as ways to reduce stigma. Conclusions Stigma experienced by trainee psychiatrists completing consultation-liaison rotations may lead to them feeling devalued and perceiving service-users to experience poorer care. Multidisciplinary education may potentially combat stigma and contribute to improved integration of services.
Predictive value of D-dimer in the clinical outcome of severe COVID19 patients: Are we giving it too much credit?
Authors: Cidade José P. , Coelho Luís , Costa Vasco , Morais Rui , Moniz Patrícia , Morais Luís , Fidalgo Pedro , Tralhão António , Paulino Carolina , Nora David , Valerio Bernardino , Mendes Vítor , Tapadinhas Camila , Póvoa Pedro 
Published: February 2022

Background COVID-19 is a new form of acute respiratory failure leading to multiorgan failure and ICU admission. Gathered evidence suggests that a 3-fold rise in D-dimer concentrations may be linked to poor prognosis and higher mortality. Purpose To describe D-dimer admission profile in severe ICU COVID19 patients and its predictive role in outcomes and mortality. Methods Single-center retrospective cohort study. All adult patients admitted to ICU with COVID19 were divided into 3 groups: (1) Lower-values group (D-dimer levels < 3-fold normal range value [NRV] [500ng/mL]), Intermediate-values group (D-dimer ≥3-fold and <10-fold NRV) and Higher-value group (≥10-fold NRV). Results 118 patients (mean age 63 years, 73% males) were included (N = 73 Lower-values group, N = 31 Intermediate-values group; N = 11 Higher-values group). Mortality was not different between groups (p = 0.51). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed no differences (p = 0.52) between groups, nor it was verified even when gender, age, ICU length of stay, and SOFA score were considered as covariables. Conclusions In severe COVID19 patients, the D-dimer profile does not retain a predictive value regarding patients’ survivability and should not be used as a surrogate of disease severity.
Effect of laser photocoagulation, antiangiogenic therapy or a combined treatment on refractive outcomes of newborns with ROP
Authors: Del Portillo María Catalina , Navarro Pedro Ivan , Duran Daniela , Serrano Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo determine the refractive outcome after treatment with laser photocoagulation, intravitreal antiangiogenic injection or both, for the treatment of type 1 ROP and/or aggressive posterior ROP using defocus equivalent terms. These results will be compared with the spherical equivalent (SE) notation in an initial refraction (during the first 3 years after treatment) and in a final evaluation (three years after treatment).MethodsClinical charts review of preterm patients who developed type 1 ROP and/or aggressive posterior ROP who were treated with laser photocoagulation, intravitreal antiangiogenic injection, or both, between January 2007 and December 2014 at Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander were reviewed. Refractive error was evaluated at two different time points in three different treatment groups.ResultsSeventy-seven eyes (56 patients) with ROP diagnosis treated with laser, antiangiogenics or in a combined scheme were included. Median gestational age was 29 weeks (IQR = 3), median birth weight was 1100 (IQR = 335) and mean corrected age at the time of treatment was 37.3 weeks (SD 2.2). Refractive outcomes in SE terms for the first refraction had a median of −0.50 diopters and in defocus terms, 4.00 diopters (D). For the second refraction, −3.00 diopters and 4.00 diopters (D), respectively. Pearson correlation test result for the first measurement was 93% (p = 0.000) and for the second evaluation was 99% (p = 0.000).ConclusionsLow birth weight had a statistically significant association to the increase of the refractive outcome. The high correlation between SE and DE for refractive errors allows us to confirm that DE is an appropriate metric to report refractive outcomes in this group of patients due to the presence of combined refractive ametropias.
Contemporary outcomes of precision banding for high flow hemodialysis access
Authors: Soo Hoo Andrew J , Scully Rebecca E , Sharma Gaurav , Patterson Suzannah , Walsh Jillian , Voiculescu Adina , Belkin Michael , Menard Matthew , Keith Ozaki C , Hentschel Dirk M 
Published: February 2022

Objective: High-flow hemodialysis accesses are a well-recognized source of patient morbidity. Among available management strategies inflow constriction based on real-time physiologic flow monitoring offers a technically straightforward data-driven approach with potentially low morbidity. Despite the benefits offered by this approach, large contemporary series are lacking. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained clinical database was undertaken to capture patients undergoing precision banding within a signal tertiary care institution between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable logistic regression modeling of thrombosis within 30 days and re-banding within 1 year were performed. Results: In total, 297 patients underwent banding during the study period for a total number of 398 encounters. Median [IQR] follow-up was 157 [52–373] days. Most accesses were upper arm with brachial artery inflow (84%) and half of the banding procedures were performed for flow imbalance based on exam, duplex, or fistulogram. Median flow rate reduction was 58%. The 30-day thrombosis rate after banding was 15 of 397 (3.8%) with a median time to event of 5.5 days (2–102). The re-banding rate within a year was 54 of 398 (14%) with a median time to re-banding of 134 days [56–224]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a univariate screen did not identify any predictors of 30-day thrombosis. Having a forearm radial-cephalic AVF compared to all other access types was protective against need for rebanding at 1 year (OR 0.12 95% CI 0.02–0.92, p = 0.04), as was flow imbalance as the indication for banding (OR 0.43 95% 0.23-0.79, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Precision banding offers an effective, low-morbidity approach for high-flow hemodialysis accesses. Early thrombosis is a rare event after precision banding, although in the long term, one in four patients will require re-banding to maintain control of flow volumes.
Cortical lesion hotspots and association of subpial lesions with disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Beck Erin S , Maranzano Josefina , Luciano Nicholas J , Parvathaneni Prasanna , Filippini Stefano , Morrison Mark , Suto Daniel J , Wu Tianxia , van Gelderen Peter , de Zwart Jacco A , Antel Samson , Fetco Dumitru , Ohayon Joan , Andrada Frances , Mina Yair , Thomas Chevaz , Jacobson Steve , Duyn Jeff , Cortese Irene , Narayanan Sridar , Nair Govind , Sati Pascal , Reich Daniel S 
Published: February 2022

Background: Dramatic improvements in visualization of cortical (especially subpial) multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions allow assessment of impact on clinical course. Objective: Characterize cortical lesions by 7 tesla (T) T2*-/T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); determine relationship with other MS pathology and contribution to disability. Methods: Sixty-four adults with MS (45 relapsing–remitting/19 progressive) underwent 3 T brain/spine MRI, 7 T brain MRI, and clinical testing. Results: Cortical lesions were found in 94% (progressive: median 56/range 2–203; relapsing–remitting: 15/0–168; p = 0.004). Lesion distribution across 50 cortical regions was nonuniform ( p = 0.006), with highest lesion burden in supplementary motor cortex and highest prevalence in superior frontal gyrus. Leukocortical and white matter lesion volumes were strongly correlated ( r = 0.58, p < 0.0001), while subpial and white matter lesion volumes were moderately correlated ( r = 0.30, p = 0.002). Leukocortical ( p = 0.02) but not subpial lesions ( p = 0.40) were correlated with paramagnetic rim lesions; both were correlated with spinal cord lesions ( p = 0.01). Cortical lesion volumes (total and subtypes) were correlated with expanded disability status scale, 25-foot timed walk, nine-hole peg test, and symbol digit modality test scores. Conclusion: Cortical lesions are highly prevalent and are associated with disability and progressive disease. Subpial lesion burden is not strongly correlated with white matter lesions, suggesting differences in inflammation and repair mechanisms.
Rural Libraries as Resources and Partners for Outside Active Play Streets
Authors: Lenstra Noah , Slater Sandra , Pollack Porter Keshia M. , Umstattd Meyer M. Renée 
Published: February 2022

Background Urban and rural areas have different types of built environments and community infrastructure, which lead to different types of successful community-based physical activity initiatives. Temporary Play Streets are a supported way to increase physical activity and perceptions of the built environment as a space for active lifestyles. Purpose Within the field of public health, public libraries constitute an underutilized community partner. To begin to understand the capacity of rural librarians to support rural Play Streets, a cross-sectional questionnaire was developed for distribution to rural librarians. Methods The sampling frame targeted members of the membership-based U.S. Association for Rural & Small Libraries (ARSL). Among respondents, 65% reported offering outdoor physical activity programs in the past, and 61% reported continuing to offer versions of this programming during the COVID-19 pandemic. Librarians work with a broad range of community partners on this programming, and already own much of the equipment necessary for a successful Play Streets initiative. Conclusions The results of this study corroborate claims from previous research, which shows that in small and rural communities, public libraries have the capacity to play a role in promoting physical activity through involvement in community partnerships. Additional work is needed to understand, evaluate, and support this opportunity to weave rural librarians into community-based physical activity promotion efforts more fully.
Efficacy of Intra-Articular Injection of Biofermentation-Derived High-Molecular Hyaluronic Acid in Knee Osteoarthritis: An Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Lee Chia-Ling , Wang Ying-Chun , Huang Hsuan-Ti , Chen Chia-Hsin , Chang Kee-Lung , Tien Yin-Chun 
Published: February 2022

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injection with HYAJOINT Plus, a biofermentation-derived, high-molecular hyaluronic acid (HA), on the progression of structural changes of cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) by using objectively promised ultrasonography (US) evaluation. Design In this prospective clinical trial, 56 OA patients completed the study. One single dose of injection of HYAJOINT Plus into the knee cavity was performed. The primary efficacy outcome measure for structural change of knee joint was evaluated by US using a semiquantitative grading system. Secondary efficacy outcome measures included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total and subscale scores. All efficacy outcomes were measured at baseline and at first, third, and sixth month following treatment. Results There were significant US grade-improvement changes of cartilage between baseline and follow-up visits over medial femoral condyle and transverse overall evaluation at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, and over lateral femoral condyle, intercondylar notch, and medial longitudinal area at 6-month follow-up. The improved score change of WOMAC from baseline was significant at 1- and 3-month follow-ups in pain subscale, whereas score change from baseline was significant at 6-month follow-up in total score and all 3 subscale scores. Conclusions It was determined that significant improvement was found on cartilage by US after intra-articular injection with high-molecular weight, biological fermentation–derived HYAJOINT Plus. The semiquantitative grading system by US is a promising tool to identify the efficacy on cartilage band after interventions.