bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications and Satisfaction in Transwomen receiving Breast Augmentation: Short and Long Term Outcomes
Authors: Schoffer Ariane , Bittner Ann-Kathrin , Hess Jochen , Kimmig Rainer , Hoffmann Oliver 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To achieve long-term improvement in health care of transgender women it is necessary to analyze all aspects of gender-confirming surgery, especially the relation of risks and benefits occuring in these procedures. Whilst there are many studies presenting data on the urologic part of the surgery, there is just few data about complications and satisfaction with breast augmentation. Methods: This is a retrospective study using parts of the BREAST-Q Augmentation Questionnaire and additional questions for symptoms of capsular contracture and re-operations and analysing archived patient records of all transwomen which were operated at University Hospital Essen from 2007-2020. Results: 99 of these 159 patients (62%) completed the questionnaire after a median time of 4 years after surgery. Breast augmentation led to re-operations due to complications in 5%. The rate of capsular contracture (Baker Grad III-IV) in this population was 3%. Most patients (75%) rated high scores of satisfaction with outcome (more than 70 points) and denied to have restricitions due to their implants in their everyday life. All patients reported an improvement in their quality of life owing to breast augmentation. Conclusion: Breast augmentation by inserting silicon implants is a safe surgical procedure which takes an important part in reducing gender dysphoria.
Perinatal outcomes in twin late preterm pregnancies: results from an Italian area-based, prospective cohort study.
Authors: Monari Francesca , Chiossi Giuseppe , Menichini Daniela , Gargano Giancarlo , Coscia Alessandra , Baronciani Dante , Facchinetti Fabio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Multiple gestations represent a considerable proportion of pregnancies delivering in the late preterm (LP) period. Only 30% of LP twins are due to spontaneous preterm labor and 70% are medically indicated; among this literature described that 16-50% of indicated LP twin deliveries are non-evidence based. As non-evidence-based delivery indications account for iatrogenic morbidity that could be prevented, the objective of our observational study is to investigate first neonatal outcomes of LP twin pregnancies according to gestational age at delivery, chorionicity and delivery indication, then non evidence-based delivery indications. Methods: Prospective cohort study among twins infants born between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks, in Emilia Romagna, Italy, during 2013-2015. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: Among 346 LP twins, 84 (23.4%) were monochorionic and 262 (75.7%) were dichorionic; spontaneous preterm labor accounted for 85 (24.6%) deliveries, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes for 66 (19.1%), evidence based indicated deliveries were 117 (33.8%), while non-evidence-based indications were 78 (22.5%). When compared to spontaneous preterm labor or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, pregnancies delivered due to maternal and/or fetal indications were associated with higher maternal age (p<0.01), higher gestational age at delivery (p<0.01), Caucasian race (p 0.04), ART use (p<0.01), gestational diabetes (p<0.01), vaginal bleeding (p<0.01), antenatal corticosteroids (p<0.01), diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) (p<0.01), and monochorionic (p<0.01). Two hundred twenty-six pregnancies (65.3%) had at least one fetus experiencing one composite of adverse perinatal outcome. Multivariate analysis confirmed that delivery indication did not affect the composite of adverse perinatal outcomes; the only characteristic that affect the outcome after controlling for confounding was gestational age at delivery (p<0.01). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the decision to deliver or not twins in LP period should consider gestational age at delivery as the main determinant infants’ prognosis. Delivery indications should be accurately considered, to avoid iatrogenic early birth responsible of preventable complications.
Assessing Agrometeorological Drought in Iran’s Anthropocene
Authors: Isfahani Poria Mohit , Kopaei Saeed Soltani , Modarres Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate Iran’s agrometeorological drought history and its properties using Multivariate Standardized Drought Index (MSDI). For this purpose precipitation and soil moisture recorded at 99 synoptic stations in Iran with more than 30 years observations were colected. Based on MSDI time series, drought properties including duration and severity were calculated and trend analysis was carried on using Trend Free Prewhitening Mann Kendall test. Also the standard normal homogeneity test (SNH-test) was applied to investigate chronological drought change-point detection (CPD). From agrometeorological perspective, results showed that longer and more severe droughts are more dominant in southern, southeastern, northeastern and some western regions of the country. Trend analysis revealed that most stations have rising frequency and significant drying trend especially in winter at central plateau and western regions. Also we recognized two main periods 1991–2000 and 2006–2010 that many stations experienced change-point in their MSDI time series, mainly because of climatic and anthropogenic causes. Drought properties assessment shows 6 stations with serious upward trend in drought duration and severity in northeast and western regions. The probability analysis revealed that most stations have a ratio around 2–5 times increase in drought occurrence probability after change point, leading to longer and more severe droughts in these stations. The paper indicates a serious situation related to agrometeorological drought occurrence, persistence and severity in Iran because of many climatic and anthropogenic factors over the last 30 years.
Evaluation of a hospital-based violence intervention program on pediatric gunshot wound recidivism in Chicago.
Authors: George Princy P , Khan Narmeen , McQueen Alisa , Slidell Mark B. , Reese Carol , Stolbach Bradley C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDPurpose: To examine gunshot wound (GSW) recidivism in a pediatric trauma center with a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP).Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric GSW patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center over 5 years (2013 to 2018). We compared repeat GSWs within 2 years of initial injury between HVIP participants and non-participants.FINDINGSResults: Forty-three out of 113 individuals (38%) participated in HVIP services. Fourteen patients (12.4%) had a repeat GSW 2 years after initial injury. The majority of repeat GSW victims were non-participants (11 out of 14 individuals, 78%). The recidivism rate fornon-participants was 15.7% compared to 7% for participants (X2 = 1.15, p = 0.28).Non-participants had more severe re-injuries than participants and 1 died as a result of extensive injuries.CONCLUSIONSOur HVIP shows promise in reducing risk for pediatric patients with GSWs.Policy Implications: HVIPs require national attention and funding.
Discovering Molecular Regulators of Ageing Using Mixture Models With RNA-sequencing Data
Authors: Loganathan Sasdekumar , Kulkarni Ameya , Fard Atefeh Taherian , Mar Jessica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Identifying the molecular regulators that control ageing is challenging because the ageing process is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors which makes it difficult to source the contribution of a single gene. Multiple studies have demonstrated that as humans age, increased gene expression heterogeneity results in the dysregulation of key regulators and pathways. Given the dynamic nature of gene expression, it is vital that this data be modelled by statistical approaches that can appropriately account for changes in variability to understand the contribution of heterogeneity during the aging process and properly identify its regulators. This study demonstrates the utility of using mixture models to model biological variability of gene expression occurring during ageing and how novel potential regulators of ageing can be identified.Our mixture modelling approach was applied to gene expression data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) cohort. For every gene, the expression profile was modelled using a mixture model across the cohort where the subset of donors corresponding to each mode was tested for a significant change in age group. The multi-tissue aspect of GTEx was leveraged to find ageing regulators based on this mixture model approach genes that were common across multiple tissues, suggesting that the regulation of ageing may also be controlled through a set of genes that have non-tissue-specific activity. Our approach identified the common ageing regulator mTOR, as significantly associated with a mixture model profile but this gene was not detected through standard differential expression analysis using edgeR. Genes identified by the standard approaches like edgeR and the mixture model-based approach were found to be enriched for similar biological pathways. This suggests that while the specific ageing regulators identified from our approach may be distinct, they generally belong in the same pathways as the genes that are identified by standard approaches. Overall, these results indicate that modelling gene expression variability using mixture models in conjunction with standard differential gene expression can help uncover new regulators that have a potential role for understanding human ageing.
Screening and Identification of Azo Dye Decolourizers from Mangrove Rhizospheric soil
Authors: Modi Akhilesh , Singh Sunita , Patki Jyoti , Padmadas Naveen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Removal of synthetic textile dye poses a challenge to the textile industry and a threat to environment flora and fauna. These dyes are marginally degradable and recalcitrant, hence alternatives to physical and chemical techniques like various bioremediation studies involving plants, plant roots, single or consortium of microbes have been used as environment friendly methods for the removal of textile dye. In the present study potent bacteria for dye decolourization were isolated from rhizospheric soil collected from Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, India. Of the 20 isolates obtained after enrichment, seven isolates were used for further screening of efficient decolourization ability in MBM media containing 10% glucose, 2.5% trace metal solution and 0.1% of MO dye concentration. Physiological parameters to optimize the decolourization of dye at optimum pH, temperature and incubation time was studied for all the seven isolates. UV-vis and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate dye decolorization. The seven isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and molecular identification of these strains were performed by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolates were identified as Bacillus paramycoides, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Citrobacter murliniae, Acinetobacter pitti, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Psychrobacter celer, and Aeromonas taiwanensis. Out of these Aeromonas taiwanensis has shown exceptional capacity by 100% decolorization of azo dye in minimum time.
Characterization of Lytic Phages Isolated from Effluent Water and Soil against E. coli O157:H7
Authors: Ngene Anayochukwu C. , Egbere John O. , Onyimba Isaac A. , Ohaegbu Chinedu G. , Dashen Michael M. , Umar Uzal , Nnadi Nnaemeka E. , Aguiyi John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 commensally lives in the rumen of food animals, making it an important foodborne pathogen. It can be transmitted through direct and indirect contact with animals or manure of animals carrying E. coli O157:H7, mediating its transfer to water and food products, which could cause infections to human upon consumption. E. coli O157:H7 is currently an emerging food-borne pathogen of severe public health concern. To this effect, bacteriophages can provide alternative measures for its control. This study was aimed at isolation and characterization of lytic phages isolated from effluent water and soil against E. coli O157:H7 as potential biocontrol agents. Fifty environmental bacteria and four phages were isolated from six different locations; Student Village Hostel_1and 2, Old JUTH_1and 2 and Angwa Rukuba_1 and 2 and were examined for their physiological and morphological characteristics. The fifty environmental bacteria isolates were characterized and screened to determine the permissive host for the four phages as the antibiotics susceptibility profile of the environmental isolates were determined. Three isolates EIA_18 (Escherichia coli), EIA_19 (Bacillus spp) and EIA_26 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were observed to be permissive host for the phages. The phages were screened against E. coli O157:H7 and other eleven selected pathogenic bacteria. The four phages displayed broad lytic activity against shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 and some of the selected pathogenic bacteria. These four lytic phages were designated as ECPA_1, ECPA_2, ECPA_3 and ECPA_4. Despite isolation from different locations, further characterization showed that they displayed a high degree of similarities. While all the phages were relatively stable over a wide range of salinity, temperatures, NaCl, Chloroform and pH values, their range of infectivity or lytic profile was rather wide against E. coli O157:H7 and some of the selected pathogenic bacteria, while few of the selected pathogenic bacteria showed no activity. This study showed that the isolated bacteriophages are the dominant E. coli O57:H7-infecting phages harboured in the selected areas within Jos metropolis and due to their favourable characteristics can be exploited in the formulation of phage cocktails for the bio-control of E. coli O157:H7.
Phase separation of +TIP-networks regulates microtubule dynamics
Authors: Miesch Julie , Wimbish Robert , Velluz Marie-Claire , Aumeier Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Regulation of microtubule dynamics is essential for diverse cellular functions, and proteins that bind to dynamic microtubule ends can regulate network dynamics. Here we show, that two conserved microtubule end-binding proteins, CLIP-170 and EB3, undergo phase separation and form dense liquid-networks. When CLIP-170 and EB3 act together the multivalency of the network increases, which synergistically increases the amount of protein in the dense phase. In vitro and in cells these liquid networks can condense tubulin. In vitro in the presence of microtubules, EB3/CLIP-170 phase separation can co-condense tubulin all along the microtubule. At this condition microtubule growth speed increases up to two-fold and depolymerization events are strongly reduced, compared to conditions with phase separation deficient networks. Our data show that phase separated EB3/CLIP-170 networks impact microtubule growth dynamics beyond direct protein-microtubule interactions.
Blocking SUR1-TRPM4 reduces neuronal loss in peri-infarct area via stimulating TGFα released by microglia
Authors: He Yihua , Peng Yuqin , Chang Yuan , Liu Xuewu , Chen Jiancong , Lin Chuman , Zhang Kunxue , Pan Suyue , Huang Kaibin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
As a sequel of ischemic stroke, selective neuronal loss (SNL) mediated by activated microglia and consequential neuroinflammation affects the salvageable peri-infarct area (PIA) and hampers the functional recovery following reperfusion therapy. Recent evidence indicates that inhibition of sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential M4 (SUR1-TRPM4) exerts a robust protective effect against inflammation. Hence, we hypothesized that blocking SUR1-TRPM4 channels reduced SNL after brain ischemia in the PIA.
Methods
Mice subjected to temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 h were adopted to mimic the pathophysiological changes of ischemic stroke. Gene expression, neuronal apoptosis, and protein content were tested by RNA-sequencing, TUNEL staining, Western blot, respectively.
Results
After tMCAO, abundant neuronal apoptosis appeared in the PIA, with remarkable up-regulation and co-localization of SUR1 and TRPM4. Blocking the SUR1-TRPM4 channel by glibenclamide (GLB, a SUR inhibitor) and Trpm4 gene deletion (Trpm4−/−) distinctly alleviated apoptotic neurons in the PIA. To explore the potential mechanism of blocking SUR1-TRPM4, we compared gene expression in brain tissues of Trpm4−/− and wild-type mice after tMCAO modeling using RNA-sequencing and identified 217 differentially expressed genes. Among them, the expression of Tgfα was significantly higher in Trpm4−/− mice compared with that in wild-type mice after tMCAO. GLB treatment significantly increased the expression of TGFα in microglia, as validated by Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant TGFα significantly alleviated the neuronal loss in the PIA and improved neurological outcome after tMCAO. In vitro, we subjected BV-2 microglia cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation or lipopolysaccharide stimulation and found significant up-regulation and co-localization of SUR1 and TRPM4, while blocking SUR1-TRPM4 with GLB and 9-phenanthrol (9-Phe, a TRPM4 inhibitor) increased the expression and release of TGFα by activating the CaMKII/CREB pathway. BV-2 microglia derived conditioned medium after oxygen-glucose deprivation or lipopolysaccharide stimulation induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, which could be inhibited by applying GLB and 9-Phe on BV-2. Furthermore, direct application of recombinant TGFα alleviated neuronal apoptosis mediated by BV-2 microglia conditioned medium.
Conclusions
Collectively, our findings indicate that blocking SUR1-TRPM4 in microglia alleviates SNL, probably by up-regulating the expression and release of TGFα.
An exploratory research study of the ideal medical systems based on the experiences of lay people in South Korea
Authors: Kim Ji-yeon , Yu Soo-Young , Suh Eunyoung , Lim Seongmi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The worldwide paradigm shift from a medical-centered system to patient-centered care has caused the need for recognition of actual (practical) medical service from laypeople. In South Korea, intrinsic healthcare use characteristics such as the ‘Herd Behavior’ lead to the predominant use of metropolitan-based major hospitals causing inconveniences including long traveling: waiting hours but short treatment time. To define this issue, illustrating the individual’s perceptions of an ideal health care system are should take precedence. This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of laypeople in South Korea of ideal health care services based on their experiences with medical service utilization.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Thirteen people were interviewed through three focus group interviews and one in-depth individual interview. The research question was to identify what medical services would be from laypeople’s perspective. Qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method and visualized through a word cloud generated using MAXQDA software.Results: Six themes were derived from the visualized words and an incremental analysis stage to explore perceptions of desirable medical services. Participants had difficulties finding a suitable hospital without expert guidance. Sometimes they felt like money-making objects, resulting in distrust of medical professionals. They expressed the desire for their essential needs to be met regardless of their economic status.Conclusions: This study provides a portrait of laypeople’s experiences related to health care services in the South Korean context, where medical services are predominantly provided by private hospitals with public insurance coverage. It is necessary to embrace users’ perceptions related to this fundamental policy issue to improve the medical system by incorporating a stronger emphasis on people-centeredness.
A detailed analysis of codon usages bias and influencing factors in the nucleocapsid gene of Nipah Virus
Authors: Chaudhary Nimmi , Singh Niraj K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several outbreaks of Nipah Virus (NiV) have recently been reported in various parts of the world including India. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is the major structural and regulatory (for viral replication cycle) protein of NiV. In the current study, we have conducted a codon usage analysis of N protein encoding gene (N gene) of NiV. The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values, in combination with an ENC value of 50.98, represented low codon usage bias in N gene. The effect of mutational pressure on codon usage bias was confirmed by significant correlations of GC3s, G3s, C3s, A3s, U3s, and ENC values with whole nucleotide contents (GC%, G%, C%, A%, and U%). Correlation study of GC3s, G3s, C3s, A3s, and U3s with axis values of correspondence analysis (CA) also supported the role of mutational pressure. The correlation study of Gravy values with GC3s, G3s, C3s, A3s, and U3s revealed the presence of natural selection in addition to mutational pressure on codon usage bias. Moreover, NiV codon adaptation index (CAI) value higher than their corresponding expected CAI (eCAI) values against human (CAI, 0.726; eCAI, 0.713), pig (CAI, 0.838; eCAI, 0.819), and bat (CAI, 0.763; eCAI, 0.751) also indicated natural selection play role on codon usage bias. Additionally, geographical distribution, and evolutionary processes also influenced the codon usage bias to some extent.
Effect of Biochar and Green Manure on Soil Nutrients and Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community Structure
Authors: Li Maosen , Zhou Xuan , Wei Lezi , Feng Huilin , Liu Futong , Ren Tianbao , Dong Chunhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to explore the impact of biochar and green manure on the micro-ecological environment of citrus soil, a field experiment was used to set CK (conventional fertilization), T1 (5.0 kg/biochar) and T2 (5.0 kg/biochar + 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction + green manure), for measuring the 3 kinds of fertilization affectness to the fungal diversity and community structure of citrus rhizosphere soil. The results showed that, compared with CK, the pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly increased, and soil bulk density was significantly reduced. Application of only biochar increased the diversity of soil fungi, but reduced the richness of fungi. Combined application of biochar and green manure significantly increased the diversity and richness of fungi. Application of biochar increased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota, Schizoplasmodiida, and Talaromyces in soil, and decreased relative abundance of Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, Chaetomium and Fusarium. The study shows that the combined application of biochar and green manure can significantly increase the soil fungal diversity, reconstruct community structure of soil fungi, reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and promote micro-ecological balance in soil for citrus and soil health。