bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aripiprazole-induced rosacea. Case report and literature review
Authors: Higueras T. Gutiérrez , Gajate B. Hernandez , Cortés F. Calera , Forés S. Vicent , De La Cuesta Alonso S. Sainz 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSkin and subcutaneus tissue disorders are common type of adverse drug reactions reported with a wide variety of both typical and atypical antipsychotics. Aripiprazole is a quinolinone antipsychotic that is a partial agonist at the D2 and 5-HT1A receptors and antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptors. We report a case of rosacea that developed after starting aripiprazole in a patient with schizophrenia and which remitted after the drug was stopped.ObjectivesTo present a case of rosacea that developed in a schizophrenic patient after starting aripiprazole. Review of literature and search for the total number of cases reported in the european database of suspected adverse drug reactions (EudraVigilance).MethodsWe carried out a literature review in Pubmed electing those articles focused on skin ad subcutaneous skin disorders in those patients that have been taking aripiprazole. Review number of cases of skin reactions reported by the European database of suspected adverse drug reactions.ResultsA 43-year-old man previously diagnosed with schizophrenia with low adherence to different treatments. He came to our service seeking for help in order to decrease delusions with a treatment with minimun adverse reactions. We started aripirazole 10 mg every day and, after 7 days appeared signs of rosacea in his face. After discontinuation of aripiprazol, after 5 days, rosacea remitted.ConclusionsRosacea in our case posibly point aripiprazole as the agent that produced the skin reaction. After stopping the treatment the signs disapeared. Awareness of skins manifestations produced by aripiprazole is essential to prevents worse skin reactions.
Use of benzodiazepines in psychosis and bipolar disorder by tunisian psychiatrists
Authors: Lagha M. , Ouali U. , Nacef F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBenzodiazepines (BZD) are psychotropic drugs prescribed in psychiatry for their anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative properties. Since anxiety, agitation and insomnia are common in psychoses and mood disorders, BZDs are frequently prescribed in the treatment of these pathologies. Guidelines remain rare with regard to the use of BZDs in the treatment of psychosis and bipolar disorder.ObjectivesOur study aimed to evaluate BZDs prescribing practices in psychoses and bipolar disorder and to assess the specific risks related to the use of these molecules in the population suffering from severe mental disorder.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted through a Google-forms self-administered questionnaire, intended for psychiatrists and psychiatric residents, over a period of two months, from April 1 to May 31, 2019.ResultsOne hundred physicians practicing in psychiatry answered our questionnaire. The response rate was 28%. BZDs were prescribed during thymic or psychotic relapses by 88.6% of the participants. During relapses, the main indication for BZDs was anxiety (81.3%), insomnia (80.2%), and catatonia (59.4%). Among the participants, 24.8% indicated that they maintained a long-term treatment with BZDs in patients with psychosis, and 11.4%in patients with bipolar disorder. The participants estimated that the long-term use of BZDs in patients with severe mental disorder represented an increased risk of : dependence (94.3%), behavioral disinhibition (30.5%), suicide (22.9%), anger, hostility and violence (31.4%).ConclusionsFew guidelines concern the use of BZDs in psychosis and bipolar disorder. However, this prescription remains very frequent in current practice, with clinical and therapeutic features specific to this population.
Visuomotor reaction time can predict IQ in children
Authors: Kiseleva N. , Kiselev S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt is well established that reaction time and IQ test scores are correlated, although the strength of this relationship is a matter of debate (Neisser et al., 1996). It was proposed that processing speed is a component of intelligence (Deary, Penke, & Johnson, 2010; Hunt, 2011). In our previous research we have not revealed the relationship between IQ and reaction time in children (Kiselev et al., 2000). However, it is possible that reaction time can predict intelligence test scores in the developmental perspective.ObjectivesThis study investigated whether visuomotor reaction time in 5 year-old children predicts intelligence test scores in 8 year-old children using the longitudinal approach.MethodsThe participants were 35 children (17 males and 18 females) at the age of 5 years (5,34±0,45). We used computerized sensorimotor technique (Kiselev et al., 2009) to investigate visuomotor reaction time in children. Children completed simple, discrimination and choice reaction time tasks. The IQ of 8-year children was assessed by the WISC.ResultsThe regression analysis has revealed the significant (p≤0,05) relationships between discrimination and choice reaction time tasks in 5 years-old children and non-verbal IQ performance in these children at 8 years of age. However, we did not find this relationship for simple reaction time task.ConclusionsIn view of obtained results it can be assumed that visuomotor reaction time in preschool children can predict non-verbal intelligence test scores in the developmental perspective. The received data can give new perspective in the understanding the interrelation between reaction time and IQ in children.
Working memory after and during 6 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation
Authors: Pavlov Y. , Kasanov D. , Dorogina O. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique allowing to induce changes in oscillatory activity. Theta activity has been reported to play a major role in maintenance of information in working memory (WM).ObjectivesThe current study had the initial goal to check the effect of theta tACS on accuracy and resting state EEG in a set of match-to-sample WM tasks.MethodsIn the first experiment, we tested 31 participants in the WM task after 20-min tACS applied at Fpz and CPz at 6 Hz, 1 mA.). In the second experiment, we compared the after-effects and online effects of the stimulation in a sample of 25 individuals. Five similar 25-min blocks filled with the same working memory task were distributed over 3 days. We assessed the same group of participants in all three sessions. On the Training day, the participants performed one block without stimulation. On the Sham-Verum day (SV), the first block with Sham stimulation followed by the second block with Verum stimulation. On the Verum-Sham day (VS), the blocks order reversed.ResultsAfter-effects of the stimulation did not produce any significant changes either in behavior (accuracy in the task) or resting-state EEG (theta frequency band spectral power in the first experiment. In the second experiment, 6 Hz tACS delivered before the WM task was not able to produce any observable changes in working memory performance. The same hold true for online stimulation.ConclusionsTheta frequency tACS applied to Fpz-CPz electrodes is not an efficient method to improve WM.
An hiv infection - a problem of quality of life!?
Authors: Vasilescu C. , Manciuc C. , Dorobat C. , Largu M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe quality of life is a multidiimensional and subjective construct, based on the patient’s experience.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to observe if at the HIV - positive patient the quality of life in relation to health is a consequence of disease and treatment and if his perception about the disease changes his ability to have a full and useful life.MethodsWe centralized the data coming from a number of 600 patients registered in the Iasi Regional Center, for a period of 12 months. The side effects reported by the patients emerged from discussions with the infectious diseases specialist and the psychologist.ResultsFrom 600 pacients, 59% of them were male with mean age of 21.1 years old. Approximately 14% of the patiens had stable jobs, the rest were unemployed or had part-time jobs. 38% came from foster care units of from broken homes. The average number of days of hospitalization was 4 days, 25% of them were at their first scheme, 10% in the seventh-eighth scheme. Among the antiretroviral side effects patients complained nausea and vomiting in 85% of cases, lipodystrophy symptoms in 25% of cases, diarrhea in 15% of the cases; regarding the psychological aspects, 65% of patients showed an above level of anxiety, 40% had depressive manifestations, 10% had specific obsessions-compulsions and 10% neurotic and hysterical tendencies.ConclusionsWe need a close collaboration between the infectious diseases specialist and the psychologists in order to enhance the quality of life of the HIV patient.
Ssri-treated psychiatric disorders prediction with AI
Authors: Mereu A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSSRI-treated psychiatric disorders (STPD), such as general anxiety disorder and major depression disorder, are common psychiatric diagnoses. Serotonin-mediated effects of solar insolation are an active topic of research. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help to better examine that complex relation.ObjectivesTo investigate whether AI could predict the STPD relying primarily on average ambient temperature and annual solar insolation.MethodsData of age, average ambient temperature and annual solar insolation were employed to predict STPD status in 7,587 subjects using an AI. To simplify the data analysis, only individuals with white ethnicity were assessed. SPTD prevalence was 17.1%. The AI was conservatively tuned to maximize the positive likelihood ratio considering predicted and real STPD statuses. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Wortzel, Joshua; Kent, Shia; Avery, David; Al-Hamdan, Mohammad; Turner, Brandon; Norden, Justin; Norden, Michael; Haynor, David (2018), “Data for: Ambient temperature and solar insolation are associated with decreased prevalence of SSRI-treated psychiatric disorders”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/trs43ybh92.1ResultsPredictions obtained a positive likelihood ratio of 4.850. The results were indicative of fair performance.ConclusionsAI might be useful to predict STPD. Furthermore, the results of this study might indicate a moderate effect of age, average ambient temperature and annual solar insolation on the probability of STPD occurrence. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment.
Assessment of cognitive function following a course of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Ali S. , Kamel S. , Easow J. , Blasubramanian R. , Parvathy P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionECT is a potentially life-saving treatment for patients with severe or treatment resistant depression. Cognitive function disturbances following ECT are generally transient, but could be of longer duration in some casesObjectivesTo assess the cognitive side effects in patients with affective disorders treated with a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsCognitive functions of patients who undergo ECT was assessed prior to start of treatment, midway of the course of treatment and after end of the course of treatment using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We did a retrospective analysis of MoCA scores of 15 patients who received bilateral ECT in 2017-2018. In order to assess the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of their illness, we did a retrospective analysis of Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores of 18 patients who received bilateral ECT in 2017-2018ResultsOnly 7% of the patients who underwent ECT in our sample did have significant cognitive decline as per their MoCA scores. 28% of patients achieved complete remission in their depressive symptomes. 22% of patients continued on maintenance treatment. 95% of patients showed significant improvement in their symptoms following treatment with ECT where there symptoms reduced to either mild or minimal depressive symptoms.ConclusionsCognitive side effect was not a significant side effect in our sample of patients. We did see an improvement in cognitive function in a significant number of the sample of patients as they progressed with treatment, which coincided with improvement in their affective symptoms.
Tourette’s syndrome: Alternative approaches to a clinical case refractory to conventional therapy
Authors: Marinho Vaz Soares M.I. Fonseca , Ramos S. Freitas , E Sousa D. Cruz , Jesus B. , Castro S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTourette’s syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder marked by motor and phonic tics frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities, beginning in childhood. While most cases improve or resolve with age, some are refractory.ObjectivesTo review new strategies for the management of Tourette’s Syndrome, following an outpatient clinical vignette.MethodsWe performed a review based on the PubMed® database.ResultsA 50-years-old female patient with a long-term outpatient psychiatric follow-up presented with motor tics appearing in adolescence, including winking and facial grimacing, as well as episodes of coprolalia. Over the years, she developed an anxiety disorder and social isolation. In addition to psychological therapy, pharmacological therapy had already been approached with the use alpha-adrenergic agonists and several antipsychotics, such as risperidone and aripiprazole, with the patient showing only partial response to pimozide. In Tourette’s syndrome, the therapy must be adequate to the patient’s individual needs. Emerging treatments for refractory cases, such as anticonvulsants, cannabinoids or antiglutamatergic drugs have been the target of several studies. Botulinum toxin injections are particularly effective in patients with focal motor tics and complex phonic tics. Non-pharmacological treatment options, such as electroconvulsive therapy and deep brain stimulation may prove effective in some cases.ConclusionsA significant proportion of patients fail to respond to conventional strategies. Thus, new pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are on the horizon and may represent an important step in treatment algorithms for refractory cases in the future.
Electroconvulsive therapy practice in a general hospital in chile
Authors: Saitua V. , Schneider N. , Libuy J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a current, relevant treatment for severe mental illness. In this article we describe our experience on ECT in a public hospital in Chile.ObjectivesDescribe a 34 patients’ cohort who received ECT and their outcomes.MethodsData was extracted from ECT records between 2018-2020, patients’ evaluations before and after ECT, and case files. Data was then analyzed and described.ResultsECT was received by 18 males and 16 females. Age ranged from 19 to 73 years (41 average). More than 75% had 12 or more years of education. Patients’ diagnoses and indications for ECT are shown in Figures 1-2The CGI-SI scale was applied to subjects before treatment, and 85% had a score of 5 or more. On average, patients received 8.7 ECT sessions. Right unilateral electrode placement (RUL) was preferred initially for 94% of patients. Brief pulse width (0.3ms) was most commonly used (76%). Seizure duration averaged in 29 seconds. Adverse reactions presented on 32%, most being mild. One treatment had to be stopped due to confusional symptoms post ECT. After ECT, 91% of patients improved according to CGI-GI scale. 55% were assessed CGI-GI 1 “very much improved”. MoCA scale was also evaluated, showing a 2,1 point gain.ConclusionsSchizophrenia and psychosis were the most frequent diagnosis and indication for ECT. RUL and brief pulse width were the preferred settings. This cohort suggests that ECT had an impact on markedly ill patients, based on CGI and MoCA scales.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder- a literature review
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Mangalagiu A. , Petrescu B. , Tudor C. , Candea C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a third wave cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that incorporates meditation exercises in the classical, structured intervention. Mindfulness has been associated with psychological well-being, and certain symptoms that occur in major depressive disorder (MDD), e.g. worries, ruminations, ideas of incapacity or self-devaluation, are considered potential targets for MBCT.ObjectivesTo evaluate the current level of evidence for the MCBT efficacy in MDD.MethodsA literature serach was performed in the main electronic databases, targeting clinical trials that evaluated in a randomized manner the efficacy of MCBT versus active comparators or placebo in patients with MDD.ResultsMBCT was efficient in a 10-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) versus standard treatment, and it decreased ruminations, increased patients quality of life, mindfulness abilities, and self-compassion. In another randomized, 8-week RCT, MBCT prevented relapses in MDD, with similar rates when compared to psychoeducation and standard treatment. A 26-month follow-up study evidenced the persistence of symptoms improvement detected after 12 months of the trial, when compared to active control group and treatment as usual. MCBT was compared to cognitive therapy in a randomized 8-week trial, and both treatments had similar efficacy in MDD relapse prevention.ConclusionsMCBT may be an useful adjuvant to the current treatment in acute MDD, but it may also decrease the risk of relapse after psychotherapy termination.
Integrative psychotherapy of patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders
Authors: Holm-Hadulla R.M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychotherapy of patients suffering from schizophrenic disorders remains controversial. There are promising descriptions of psychothereputic interventions in combination with pharmacological treatment. Some empirical studies show that different forms of psychotherapy are effective. However, there are few models to combine different psychotherapeutic strategies in a comprehensive way.ObjectivesWe here propose a model of integrative psychotherapy that is based on the therapeutic alliance and the general principles of understanding and communication. It comprises interpersonal, behavioral, psychodynamic, and existential elements.MethodsTheoretical principles of different psychotherapeutic schools are applied hermeneutically to a case of schizophrenia. Thus, general methods of psychotherapy gain contextual meaning by the analysis of an individual narrative. The patient himself assessed and approved his case report.ResultsAfter remission of the acute symptoms, integrative psychotherapy played the major role in the recovery of a young musician. It is shown how the therapeutic alliance and communication in a general sense interacted with behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, and existential techniques. It is demonstrated narratively how recovery was facilitated, adjunct to pharmacological treatment, by method-integrative psychotherapy. Basic cognitive-behavioral techniques ensured at first the stabilization of the patient. Then psychodynamic remembering, repeating, and working through became possible. Finally, existential topics and creative solutions dominated the sessions.ConclusionsPsychotherapeutic method-integration is necessary to treat patients with various mental disorders especially schizophrenia. We propose an ABCDE-Model that comprises the following principles: Therapeutic alliance (A); behavior change (B); cognitive reflection on dysfunctional meanings and beliefs (C); psychodynamic remembering, repeating, and working through (D); and existential understanding and communication (E).
Practical strategies for reducing suicide risk among depressed adults
Authors: Overholser J. , Hernandez S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide remains a major problem throughout society. Unfortunately, recommendations for the treatment of suicidal clients are often presented at a general level, without providing adequate detail that could guide the practicing clinician.ObjectivesThe review explains three main strategies that can be used to helpr educe the risk of suicide among depressed adults.MethodsMethod: The review identified three themes derives from an integration of 30+ years of clinical experience working with depressed outpatients combined with a comprehensive review of recent journal articles on depression and suicide.ResultsFirst, clients may become suicidal when they focus on unfortunate events from their recent or distant past, resulting in tendencies for rumination and guilt. Therapy can help clients cultivate an attitude of contentment, promoting self-forgiveness and a sense of accomplishment. Second, suicidal clients often focus on their current struggles, frequently involving financial problems, interpersonal conflict, and social isolation. Therapy can help clients to embrace life through planned activities, reconnecting with loved ones, and repairing damaged relationships. Third, clients may struggle because of hopeless views of their future, feeling trapped in a desperate situation with no possible solution. Therapy can help clients look to the future with a more optimist attitude and a sense of control.ConclusionsClients can learn to search for realistic solutions to their problems, developing a renewed sense of optimism and empowerment. The risk of suicide can be reduced when therapy helps clients reduce guilt and worthlessness, increase meaningful social bonds, and instill realistic hope for the future.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy role in the prevention of psychosis
Authors: Pinho M. , Martins D. , Carvalho S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAbout 30% of individuals in ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis develop overt psychosis within 3 years, and about 40% of those who don’t will keep experiencing ongoing attenuated psychotic symptoms and persistent functional disability. During this prodromal period, it’s possible to prevent the transition to a first-episode psychosis.ObjectivesTo conduct a short review of literature on the role of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in preventing psychosis in ultra-high risk patients.MethodsWe performed a literature search on PUBMED, using the query: “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy” [Mesh] AND “psychosis” AND “prevention”. We focused on data from systematic reviews, clinical trials and meta-analysis published on last 5 years, either in English or Portuguese.ResultsSome authors claim cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) as first-choice treatment in clients with ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. CBT aims to normalize extraordinary experiences with education and to prevent delusional explanations. On a Japanese study, the total score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) significantly improved on post-intervention and follow-up assessments, with large effect sizes observed. Teaching families to apply CBT with their offspring may bolster therapeutic gains made in time-limited treatment. CBT showed an 83% probability of being more effective and less costly than routine care.ConclusionsPatients with UHR for psychosis can be treated successfully with CBT to postpone and prevent the transition to a first-episode psychosis. CBT for UHR has been included in the European guidelines and awaits dissemination and implementation in mental health services.