bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid gene content turnover on the germline-restricted chromosome in songbirds
Authors: Schlebusch Stephen , Rídl Jakub , Poignet Manon , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco , Reif Jiri , Pačes Jan , Albrecht Tomas , Suh Alexander , Reifová Radka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of songbirds represents an extraordinary and taxonomically widespread example of programmed DNA elimination. Despite its apparent indispensability in songbirds, we still know very little about the GRC’s genetic composition, function, and evolutionary significance. Here we assembled the GRC in two closely related species, the common and thrush nightingale. We identified 585 and 406 genes on the GRC of each species, respectively, many of them present in multiple copies. Interestingly, the GRC gene content differed dramatically between the two species, with only 192 genes being shared despite only 1.8 million years of species divergence. The chromosome appears to be under little selective pressure, with most GRC genes being present in pseudogenized fragments. Only one gene, cpeb1, had a complete coding region in all examined individuals of the two species and showed no copy number variation. The addition of this gene to the GRC corresponds with the earliest estimates of the GRC origin, making it a good candidate for the functional indispensability of the GRC in songbirds.
Migration of the Antarctic Polar Front over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Thöle Lena , Ai Xuyuan , Auderset Alexandra , Schmitt Mareike , Moretti Simone , Studer Anja , Michel Elisabeth , Wegmann Martin , Mazaud Alain , Bijl Peter , Sigman Daniel , Martinez-Garcia Alfredo , Jaccard Samuel L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SWW) drive upwelling south of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) that vents CO2 to the atmosphere. During the ice ages, a northward (equatorward) shift of the PF may have reduced this CO2 venting, helping to explain the lower atmospheric CO2 concentration of those times. However, evidence of PF migration is lacking. Here, we report biomarker–based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions from two marine sediment cores at different latitudes in the Southern Indian Ocean across the last glacial cycle. Using a quantitative framework for the effect of the PF on meridional SST gradient, we show that the PF underwent an equatorward shift during the ice ages. The PF latitude reconstruction, when compared with other data, also suggests a role for Earth’s axial tilt in the strength and latitude range of SWW-driven upwelling, which may explain previously noted deviations in atmospheric CO2 from a simple correlation with Antarctic climate.
Implementing Exercise = Medicine in routine clinical care; Needs for an online tool and key decisions in Exercise = Medicine prescription within two Dutch academic hospitals.
Authors: Bouma Adrie , Nassau Femke Van , Nauta Joske , Krops Leonie , Ploeg Hidde Van der , Verhagen Evert , Woude Lucas Van der , Keeken Helco Van , Dekker Rienk , consortium PIE=M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: There is much evidence to implement physical activity interventions for medical reasons in healthcare settings. However, the prescription of physical activity as a treatment, referring to as ‘Exercise is medicine’ (E=M) is currently mostly absent in routine hospital care in The Netherlands. To support E=M prescription by clinicians in hospitals, this study aimed: (1) to develop an E=M-tool for tailored physical activity advice and referrals to facilitate the E=M prescription in hospital settings; and (2) to provide an E=M decision guide on key decisions to prepare for E=M prescription in hospital care.Methods: A mixed method design was used employing a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with clinicians, lifestyle coaches and hospital managers, a patient panel and stakeholders to assess the needs regarding an E=M-tool and key decisions in the implementation of an E=M-tool. Based on the needs assessment, a digital E=M-tool was developed. The key decisions informed the development of an E=M decision guide. Results: An online supportive tool for E=M was developed for two hospitals. Based on the needs assessment, two slightly different versions of an E=M-tool were developed, linked to the different patients’ electronic medical records and tailored to the two local settings (University Medical Centre Groningen, Amsterdam University Medical Centres). The E=M-tool existed of a tool algorithm, including patient characteristics assessed with a digital questionnaire (age, gender, PA, BMI, medical diagnosis, motivation to change physical activity, and preference to discuss physical activity with their doctor) set against norm values. The digital E=M-tool provided an individual tailored E=M-prescription for patients and referral options to local PA experts in- and outside the hospital. An E=M decision guide was developed to support the implementation of E=M prescription in hospital care. Conclusions: This study provided insight into E=M-tool development and the E=M decision-making to support E=M prescription and facilitate tailoring towards local E=M treatment options, using strong stakeholder participation. Outcomes may serve as an example for other decision support guides and interventions aimed at E=M implementation.
Antibiotic and Metal Resistance of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Isolates from Eboling permafrost of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: zhang shuhong , yang guangli , Jiang Yali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is a growing concern about antibiotic and metal resistance in natural and clinical settings. This study examined antibiotic and metal resistance for ancient Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from permafrost. Whole-genome sequencing was applied to examine antibiotic resisrance genes and metal resistance genes. The permafrost S. maltophilia exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin, which is consistent with the presence of multidrug efflux pump smeDEF. The absence of qnrB, qnrR, oqxB, and smrA is consistent with its sensitivity for tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Also, the absence of bcrABC is consistent with the strain’s sensitivity to bacitracin. The strain also showed metal resistance to Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr6+, Hg2+, which is consistent with the presence of czcABCD, cueR and copA, chrR, merT, and merD. The strain showed worse resistance (lower MICs) to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 4 metals Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+, compared with clinical S. maltophilia; the former strain belongs to the lower ARG and MRG gene clusters compared to latter one. Among 12 genomic islands (GIs) in the permafrost strain, 5 contained resistance genes, with only one kind of ARG or MRG, while S. maltophilia from other environments exhibited a minimum of 2 kinds of resistance gene clustering on a single GI. This study demonstrates that continuous exposure to the clinical environment can create a selective pressure on bacteria inducing resistance to antibiotics and metals, involving more ARGs and MRGs via horizontal gene transfer route.
High resolution structures of the SARS-CoV-2 N7-methyltransferase inform therapeutic development
Authors: Aggarwal Aneel , Kottur Jithesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has led to millions of deaths globally. We present three high-resolution crystal structures of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 N7-methyltransferase core bound to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM; 1.62Å), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH; 1.55Å) and Sinefungin (SFG; 1.41Å). We identify features of the methyltransferase core that are crucial for the development of antivirals and show SAH as the best scaffold for the design of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic coronaviruses.
RinasciMENTE. An Internet-Based Self-Help Intervention to Cope With Psychological Distress Due to COVID-19: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bertuzzi Vanessa , Semonella Michelle , Andersson Gerhard , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Molinari Enrico , Pietrabissa Giada 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RinasciMENTE program, an Internet-based self-help intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles and techniques in supporting individuals experiencing psychological impairments during the COVID-19 pandemic. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with random allocation at the level of individual will be conducted to compare the impact of the RinasciMENTE program with a waiting list control in improving the psychological functioning of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A minimum sample of 128 participants experiencing mild/subthreshold levels of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic will be recruited. After the initial screening, participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control condition. The program will last 2 months, during which participants will receive 8 weekly CBT treatment modules. The impact of the RinasciMENTE program on selected primary and secondary psychological outcomes will be tested at the end of the intervention (2 months), 6- and 12-month follow-up. Discussion We expect people to show an increased level of psychological functioning, and to acquire the skills and self-confidence necessary to deal with the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and its related social isolation during and following the pandemic.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0497903 Registered on 28 May 2021.
Effect of Conventional and Household Water Treatment Technologies on Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water, Southwestern, Ethiopia
Authors: Jemal Temima , Astatke Higemengist , Terfe Amare , Mekonen Seblework 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water resources have been contaminated by pesticides due to the different activities of human beings. From different studies advanced water treatment systems can eliminate these chemical pesticides while conventional and household treatment technologies are not well studied. The main aim of the present study is to determine the effect of conventional and household water treatment technologies on pesticides residue in drinking water. Water samples were collected from Gibe River (intake point) for Jimma conventional water treatment plant, from each treatment process, and from distribution system. To determine the effect of household water treatment process (solar disinfection and boiling) pesticides were spiked into distilled water then passed through solar disinfection (SODIS) and boiling. The extraction of samples was conducted by following low density based dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction procedure. The result of the study revealed that almost all studied pesticides (p´p-DDD, p´p-DDE, p´p-DDT, γ-Chlordane, dimethachlor, lindane, heptachlor, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) except o´p-DDT were detected in water samples. The percent reduction of pesticide residue after post chlorination by conventional water treatment ranges from 11.7% (p´p-DDD) to 97.29% (Dimethachlor) and percent reduction of pesticide residue by SODIS and boiling ranges from 2.31% (o´p-DDT) to 54.45% (Cypermethrin) and 27.13% (γ-Chlordane) to 38.9%(p´p-DDE) respectively. This indicates the treatment technologies are important for the reduction of pesticides in water. Treatment technologies improvement is necessary to allow further removal of pesticides.
Could environmental regulations improve the quality of export products? Evidence from China’s implementation of a pollution tax
Authors: Kuang Haoyu , Xiong Yunjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of pollution tax on the quality of export products. As the main environmental regulations for the government to protect the environment, pollution tax have greatly influenced the production behaviour of enterprises. Based on the data of China’s pollution tax implementation and industrial enterprise-pollution panel data, we find that the pollution tax have significantly improved the quality of export products, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis shows that the increase in the quality of export products originating from the regulated areas could be attributed to enterprise innovation and an increase in the input of intermediate products. The results in this study provide evidence that the central government’s environmental policy can realize the double dividend of economic development and environmental protection.JEL Classification: O13, Q56, K23
Factors Related To Help-Seeking For Cancer Medical Care Among People Living In Rural Areas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Oshiro Mariko , Kamizato Midori , Jahana Sayuri 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: People residing in rural areas have lower cancer survival rates than those living in urban areas. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on help-seeking among patients residing in rural areas. We aimed to identify the factors associated with help-seeking for cancer treatment in rural areas. Methods: This scoping review involved the collection of data from three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL). Data were extracted according to factors related to help-seeking from studies published in English that (1) targeted adults living in rural areas and (2) focused on cancer-related help-seeking. The exclusion criteria were: (1) samples with children; (2) evaluated interventions effects of related help-seeking; and (3) discussed special tests, such as genetic testing. These factors were classified into four categories according to the ecological models of health behavior as follows: intra-personal; inter-personal; groups, cultures, and organizations; and policy/environment.Results: Thirteen papers were examined, wherein the barriers to help-seeking were identified : ten factors from the “intra-personal” category, including difficult economic circumstances; four factors from the “inter-personal” category, such as lack of understanding from family members; four factors from the “groups, cultures, and organizations” category, such as prejudice and social stigma, shame, lack of anonymity, and social norms; and three factors from the “policy/environment” category, such as lack of medical resources. Presentation of symptoms and understanding from surrounding people were identified as facilitators of help-seeking.Conclusions: The barrier and facilitator factors were identified, such as understanding the people, self-reliance, fatalistic views, lack of anonymity, social norms, lack of medical resources, etc. Future studies should consider interventions to promote help-seeking, which must involve Intrapersonal and Interpersonal and rural community groups, culture, and organizations of each rural area.
Pumpkin Peel Valorization Using Green Extraction Technology to Obtain β-Carotene Fortified Mayonnaise
Authors: GUNGOR Keziban Kubra , Torun Mehmet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to recover β-carotene from peels produced as a by-product during the industrial processing of pumpkins using a high-efficiency technology that produces no waste and is harmless to the environment. β-Carotene extraction from pumpkin peel was carried out by maceration and ultrasound-assisted technique, with sunflower oil instead of n-hexane as an environment-friendly solvent. Influence of the lecithin:PGPR (polyglycerol polyricinoleate) ratio was studied for microemulsion solvent method on β-carotene extraction. Response Surface Methodoloy was used to optimize the parameters of each performed treatment. The produced sunflower oil was utilized to prepare mayonnaise. Sensory flavor of the product, as well as the change in color and peroxide characteristics after rapid storage were also determined. Under optimal conditions, maceration with sunflower oil, maceration with n-hexane, ultrasound-assisted, and microemulsion solvent methods, extracted β-carotene levels were 99.83, 125.75, 127.93, and 149.71 mg/100 g DM, respectively. Most efficient β-carotene extraction was obtained utilizing a microemulsion system with 0.098% lecithin and 1.902% PGPR as the solvent. Mayonnaise made with β-carotene-rich sunflower oil was well received in terms of sensory quality, with no negative changes in the product's unique features. β-Carotene enhanced mayonnaise was more resistant to oxidation during storage than the control mayonnaise as shown by the results of color and peroxide values.
The Recognition of Oceanic Kelvin Waves According to Westerly Wind Bursts
Authors: Shi Yunhao , Su Jingzhi , Wang Qiguang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on the criteria of oceanic Kelvin wave events in the equatorial Pacific on the pentad-monthly timescale, this study analyzed the optimal statistical relationship between westerly wind bursts (WWBs) and oceanic Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific through lead-lag analysis. Under the influence of sustained westerly wind anomaly (WWA) (60-day mean), it can effectively cause the positive sea temperature anomaly (60-day mean) in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean after 20 days. However, under the influence of continuous easterly wind anomaly (EWA) (30-day mean), the negative sea temperature anomaly (30-day mean) in the upper ocean can be effectively caused after 30 days. In addition, WWBs near the international dateline (150 °E-170 °W) corresponds well to the 20°C isotherm depth anomaly in the equatorial Mid-Eastern Pacific (160 °W-100 °W). WWAs in the western Pacific (west to 170 °E) can lead to thermocline change at 150°W and stimulate the propagation of the Kelvin wave eastward to the equatorial eastern Pacific from March to August. During the mature period of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (September to February in the following year), Bjerknes positive feedback is formed near the international dateline with the coupling effect of WWBs, sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline in the equatorial Eastern Pacific. The contemporaneous correlation reaches peak between the WWA in the equatorial western Pacific (near 170 °E) and the 20°C isotherm depth anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific (near 110 °W).
Emergence of zero-field non-synthetic single and catenated antiferromagnetic skyrmions in thin films
Authors: Aldarawsheh Amal , Fernandes Imara Lima , Brinker Sascha , Sallermann Moritz , Abusaa Muayad , Blügel Stefan , Lounis Samir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions are envisioned as ideal localized topological magnetic bits in future information technologies. In contrast to ferromagnetic (FM) skyrmions, they are immune to the skyrmion Hall effect [1,2], might offer potential terahertz dynamics [3,4] while being insensitive to external magnetic fields and dipolar interactions. Although observed in synthetic AFM structures [5] and as complex meronic textures in intrinsic AFM bulk materials [6,7], their realization in non-synthetic AFM films, of crucial importance in racetrack concepts, has been elusive. Here, we unveil their presence in a row-wise AFM Cr film deposited on PdFe bilayer grown on fcc Ir(111) surface. Using first principles, we demonstrate the emergence of single and strikingly interpenetrating catenated AFM skyrmions, which can co-exist with the rich inhomogeneous exchange field, including that of FM skyrmions, hosted by PdFe. Besides the identification of an ideal platform of materials for intrinsic AFM skyrmions, we anticipate the uncovered knotted solitons to be promising building blocks in AFM spintronics.
Interaction of Microswimmers in Viscoelastic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chi Hai , Gavrikov Alexander , Berlyand Leonid , Aronson Igor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Swimming bacteria successfully colonize complex non-Newtonian environments exemplified by viscoelastic media and even liquid crystals. While there is a significant body of research on microswimmer motility in viscoelastic liquids, the field still lacks clarity. This paper studies how individual microswimmers (e.g., bacteria) interact in a mucus-like environment modeled by a visco-elastic liquid crystal. We have found that an individual swimmer moves faster along the same track after the direction reversal, in faithful agreement with the experiment. This behavior is attributed to the formation of the transient tunnel due to the visco-elastic medium memory. We observed that the aft swimmer has a higher velocity for two swimmers along the same track and catches up with the leading swimmer. Multiple swimmers launched at different angles form a “train”: after some transient, the following swimmers repeat the path of the “leader”. Our results shed light on bacteria penetration in mucus and colonization of heterogeneous liquid environments.
Patient experiences and preferences for antiretroviral therapy service provision characteristics: implications for implementing differentiated service delivery in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Yihalem Abebe , Yitayal Mezgebu , Atnafu Asmamaw , Taye Fitalew Agimass 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding the experiences, needs, preferences, and behaviors of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are critical to tailor HIV treatment. However, there is limited research evidence in Ethiopia on the views of PLHIV regarding their positive and negative experiences on current antiretroviral therapy (ART) service and their preferred models of HIV treatment. Hence, this study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of taking medications and preferences for ART service provision characteristics in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsThis study with a phenomenological approach was conducted as part of the larger discrete choice experiment study. Purposive selection of stable and 18 years old and above PLHIVs using ART service at health facilities implementing four differentiated service delivery (DSD) models in East Gojjam, West Gojjam, Awi, and Bahir Dar special zones was done. Data were collected between July and September 2021. About 15 in-depth interviews with differentiated ART eligible patients were conducted. ATLAS.ti version 9 software was used for coding translated transcripts. A thematic analysis approach was employed.FindingsParticipants in this study had reported both positive and negative experiences in receiving ART. Five themes: stigma, time, availability of drug and provider, costs per clinic visit, provider-patient interaction were identified. Participants also reported varied preferences towards ART service features. Fifteen attributes: buddy system, ART refill (individualized or group), ART packaging and labeling, drug formulation and administration, ART room labeling, distance, location of service, preferences on involvement in treatment decision-making, person providing ART refills, provider’s attitude, spatial arrangement of ART room, time of health facility operation, time spent at clinics and total cost of visit were identified.ConclusionsParticipants provided both positive and negative experiences with the aspects of current ART service. The preferences of PLHIVs towards ART service delivery features were heterogeneous. Policy and program efforts should tailor ART services that suit patients’ needs and priorities in Ethiopia. Future research should also focus on understanding the satisfaction of patients enrolled among the four DSD models now under implementation in the country to get insights for optimizing each model implementation and to ensuring the strong quality of ART service provision for stable PLHIV.