bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Mass Structure and Mixing Fractions in the Deepwater Region of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Valencia‐Gasti J. A. , Camacho‐Ibar V. F. , Herguera J. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere, we estimate water mass fractions in the deepwater region of the southern Gulf of Mexico from samples collected during June 2016. Past water mass characterizations have relied mainly on temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations, although the degree of mixing and the effects on the distribution of nutrients and other dissolved constituents remain uncertain. Based on nine water types defined in the eastern Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic and excluding surface waters, five dominant water masses with contributions between 50% and 93% in their cores were identified. North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater contributed 42% ± 9% between 49 and 105 m. Modal water with origins in the northern subtropical gyre (Eighteen Degree Water) were ubiquitous in the gulf, with average contributions of 62% ± 25% between 110 and 153 m and 51% ± 12% between 248 and 306 m, while the core of Tropical Atlantic Central Water (TACW; 70% ± 5%) dominated between 355 and 510 m. Water at the nitrate maximum consisted of TACW (48% ± 13%) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW; 32 ± 14%), with the local remineralization of organic matter adding ∼10% to the nitrate pool. Below ∼800 m, water transitioned from AAIW to a domain of two components of Labrador Seawater. Mesoscale eddies controlled the observed depth variability of the water masses from the surface down to ∼1,000 m. This study provides a quantitative approximation to evaluate the addition of nutrients to the different water masses by biogeochemical processes driven by an epipelagic ecosystem generally considered to be oligotrophic.
Interactions Between Ocean and Successive Typhoons in the Kuroshio Region in 2018 in Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Model Simulations
Authors: Kawakami Yuma , Nakano Hideyuki , Urakawa L. Shogo , Toyoda Takahiro , Sakamoto Kei , Yoshimura Hiromasa , Shindo Eiki , Yamanaka Goro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTyphoons decrease sea surface temperature (SST) along their wakes through upwelling of subsurface water, vertical mixing in the upper ocean, and heat release from the sea surface, and these cold wakes can influence subsequent typhoons. In this study, we investigated interactions between the upper ocean and typhoons in the North Pacific subtropical gyre with focuses on Kuroshio's response and feedback using atmosphere–ocean coupled model simulations. In late August and early September 2018, typhoons SOULIK, CIMARON, and JEBI passed through the northwestern subtropical gyre. During the passages of SOULIK and CIMARON, SST decreased along their paths due to vertical mixing except in the Kuroshio region. We quantitatively revealed that the Kuroshio stayed warm because the deep mixed layer along its path and small vertical temperature gradient around the mixed layer base, which are unfavorable conditions for cooling by vertical mixing, limited the cooling effects. After SOULIK and CIMARON had passed, SST recovered through horizontal Kuroshio heat transport and radiative heating. The possibility that the SST field after SOULIK and CIMARON passages influences JEBI was also discussed. Although impacts on JEBI intensity were not identified, it is implied that the turbulent heat flux (THF; sum of the sensible and latent heat fluxes) around JEBI was modulated by the SST field: heat release from the ocean was reduced in the region with decreased SST and enhanced over the sustained high SST of the Kuroshio. Furthermore, the large THF over the Kuroshio may have caused an increase of JEBI‐associated precipitation around Japan.
Suppression of Wind Waves in the Presence of Swell: A Physical Modeling Study
Authors: Shabani Behnam , Ware Peter , Baldock Tom E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLaboratory measurements of the interaction between high‐frequency (HF) wind‐waves and low frequency (LF) paddle waves are presented. The measurements were made in a wind‐wave flume with wind and paddle waves propagating in the same direction. The primary objective is to examine the physical mechanisms proposed to explain the suppression of wind‐waves due to presence of swell (here paddle waves). For this purpose, the precise time scale of the temporal transition from wind‐only to wind‐plus‐paddle conditions is examined. The results reveal that the majority of wind‐wave suppression occurs too quickly to have been caused by reduced wind‐input, instead indicating that enhanced HF wave dissipation is the primary suppression mechanism. The spatial variation in HF wave energy along the LF wave phase indicates that HF suppression mainly occurs on the LF wave crest, and high on the windward face, which are the locations that experience the highest wind velocities. This observation also suggests that the reduced wind‐input is not the primary suppression mechanism. Quantification of HF wave suppression versus a broad range of wind velocities, paddle wave conditions and fetch did not reveal any critical dependence of suppression on LF wave breaking or wind separation at LF wave crests. It is concluded that suppression occurs primarily due to enhanced dissipation of HF waves near LF wave crests. This mechanism is proposed to be coupled to the wind velocity, where an increased wind velocity near LF wave crests exceeds the level of forcing that HF waves of low C/u* can withstand without breaking.
Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Changes Associated With the 2 July 2019 Total Eclipse in South America Over the Andes Lidar Observatory, Cerro Pachon, Chile
Authors: Vargas F. , Liu A. , Swenson G. , Segura C. , Vega P. , Fuentes J. , Pautet D. , Taylor M. , Zhao Y. , Morton Y. , Bourne H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results of a week of observations around the 2 July 2019, total Chilean eclipse. The eclipse occurred between 19:22 and 21:46 UTC, with complete sun disc obscuration at 20:38–20:40 UTC (16:38–16:40 LT) over the Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) at (30.3°S, 70.7°W). Observations were carried out using ALO instrumentation with the goal to observe possible eclipse‐induced effects on the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region (MLT; 75–105 km altitude). To complement our data set, we have also utilized TIMED/SABER temperatures and ionosonde electron density measurements taken at the University of La Serena's Juan Soldado Observatory. Observed events include an unusual fast, bow‐shaped gravity wave structure in airglow images, mesosphere temperature mapper brightness as well as in lidar temperature with 150 km horizontal wavelength 24 min observed period, and vertical wavelength of 25 km. Also, a strong zonal wind shear above 100 km in meteor radar scans as well as the occurrence of a sporadic E layer around 100 km from ionosonde measurements. Finally, variations in temperature and density and the presence of a descending sporadic sodium layer near 98 km were seen in lidar data. We discuss the effects of the eclipse in the MLT, which can shed light on a sparse set of measurements during this type of event. Our results point out several effects of eclipse‐associated changes in the atmosphere below and above but not directly within the MLT.
Preservation and Completeness of Fluvial Meandering Deposits Influenced by Channel Motions and Overbank Sedimentation
Authors: Grimaud Jean‐Louis , Ors Fabien , Lemay Martin , Cojan Isabelle , Rivoirard Jacques 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssessing the contribution of geomorphic processes to the (non‐)preservation of sedimentary deposits is necessary to account for potential bias in measured accumulation rates in the stratigraphic record. In this study, a series of numerical simulations of fluvial meandering successions is performed using FLUMY, a model of channel motions and sedimentary facies deposition. We develop tools to measure non‐deposition (stasis S) and reworking (R) of previously deposited sediment between iterations, which are both generators of hiatuses in the sedimentary record. We then compare S and R with measurements of accumulation rates and completeness (C). Results show that combining measurements of both topographic and facies changes allows for a better record of surface evolution than measuring topographies only. Accumulation rate dependence on measurement time span allows distinguishing between two regimes. The first one (anti‐persistent) is characteristic of channel avulsion and compensational stacking until the whole domain is visited by overbank deposition, corresponding to the visitation timescale Tv. In the second regime (persistent), reworking by channel migration is the remaining active process until the whole system has aggraded one channel depth, corresponding to the compensation timescale Tc. Based on these results, we propose a new simple formulation based on stasis and reworking to estimate average completeness.
Inferring Aquitard Hydraulic Conductivity Using Transient Temperature‐Depth Profiles Impacted by Ground Surface Warming
Authors: Bense V. F. , Kruijssen T. , van der Ploeg M. P. , Kurylyk B. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAquitard hydraulic properties are notoriously difficult to assess, yet accurate aquitard hydraulic conductivity estimates are critical to quantify recharge and discharge to and from semi‐confined aquifer systems via hydraulic head gradients. Such flux quantification is required to evaluate the risks of aquifer exploitation by groundwater abstraction and aquifer vulnerability to surface contamination. In this study, we consider a regionally important aquitard and compare existing hydraulic conductivity estimates obtained through traditional methods to those inferred from long‐term hydraulic head monitoring and thermally derived vertical groundwater fluxes (0.04–0.25 m/y). We estimate the fluxes using numerical modeling to analyze the propagation of decadal climate signals into temperature‐depth profiles and fitting the simulated and observed inflection point depths (location of minimum temperature). Results suggest that climate‐disturbed temperature‐depth profiles paired with multi‐level head data can yield accurate vertical fluxes and aquitard hydraulic conductivities. This approach for characterizing groundwater systems and quantifying flows to and from sedimentary aquifers is more efficient but yields results that are comparable to conventional methods.
Topographic Control on Ground Motions and Landslides From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Dunham Audrey M. , Kiser Eric , Kargel Jeffrey S. , Haritashya Umesh K. , Watson C. Scott , Shugar Dan H. , Hughes Amanda , DeCelles Peter G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLandslides triggered by earthquake shaking pose a significant hazard in active mountain regions. Steep topography promotes gravitational instabilities and can amplify the seismic wavefield; however, the relationship between topographic amplification and landsliding is poorly understood. Here, we use numerical methods to investigate the link between low‐frequency ground shaking, topographic amplification, and the landslide distribution from the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake. Results show that the largest landslides initiated where the highest topographic amplification, highest elevations, and steepest slopes converged, typically in glacially‐sculpted terrain, with additional controls of rock strength and absolute ground motions. Additionally, the initiation of the largest and most fatal landslide was likely influenced by amplification throughout the rupture due the orientation of the ridge with respect to the propagating wavefield. These results indicate that topographic amplification is one of the key factors for understanding where large and potentially devastating landslides are likely to occur during future major earthquakes.
Ultralong persistent luminescence from carbon dots
Authors: Yoo Seunghyup , Song Youngjin , Hahn Sangin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHour-level persistent luminescence is realized with carbon dots embedded in cyanuric acid, the composition of which is easily obtained by the microwave-assisted heating of carbon dots and urea. By forming donor-acceptor blends, the proposed composition yields intermediate states with long lifetimes, providing a rare-earth-metal-free route to ultralong persistent luminescence.
Artificial intelligence in cancer target identification and drug discovery
Authors: You Yujie , Lai Xin , Pan Yi , Zheng Huiru , Vera Julio , Liu Suran , Deng Senyi , Zhang Le 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence is an advanced method to identify novel anticancer targets and discover novel drugs from biology networks because the networks can effectively preserve and quantify the interaction between components of cell systems underlying human diseases such as cancer. Here, we review and discuss how to employ artificial intelligence approaches to identify novel anticancer targets and discover drugs. First, we describe the scope of artificial intelligence biology analysis for novel anticancer target investigations. Second, we review and discuss the basic principles and theory of commonly used network-based and machine learning-based artificial intelligence algorithms. Finally, we showcase the applications of artificial intelligence approaches in cancer target identification and drug discovery. Taken together, the artificial intelligence models have provided us with a quantitative framework to study the relationship between network characteristics and cancer, thereby leading to the identification of potential anticancer targets and the discovery of novel drug candidates.
Statin therapy inhibits fatty acid synthase via dynamic protein modifications
Authors: Trub Alec G. , Wagner Gregory R. , Anderson Kristin A. , Crown Scott B. , Zhang Guo-Fang , Thompson J. Will , Ilkayeva Olga R. , Stevens Robert D. , Grimsrud Paul A. , Kulkarni Rhushikesh A. , Backos Donald S. , Meier Jordan L. , Hirschey Matthew D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStatins are a class of drug widely prescribed for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, with pleiotropic cellular effects. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), which converts the metabolite HMG-CoA into mevalonate. Recent discoveries have shown HMG-CoA is a reactive metabolite that can non-enzymatically modify proteins and impact their activity. Therefore, we predicted that inhibition of HMGCR by statins might increase HMG-CoA levels and protein modifications. Upon statin treatment, we observe a strong increase in HMG-CoA levels and modification of only a single protein. Mass spectrometry identifies this protein as fatty acid synthase (FAS), which is modified on active site residues and, importantly, on non-lysine side-chains. The dynamic modifications occur only on a sub-pool of FAS that is located near HMGCR and alters cellular signaling around the ER and Golgi. These results uncover communication between cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis by the substrate of one pathway inhibiting another in a rapid and reversible manner.
Observationally constrained projection of Afro-Asian monsoon precipitation
Authors: Chen Ziming , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Wenxia , Zhang Lixia , Wu Mingna , Zou Liwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Afro-Asian summer monsoon (AfroASM) sustains billions of people living in many developing countries covering West Africa and Asia, vulnerable to climate change. Future increase in AfroASM precipitation has been projected by current state-of-the-art climate models, but large inter-model spread exists. Here we show that the projection spread is related to present-day interhemispheric thermal contrast (ITC). Based on 30 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, we find models with a larger ITC trend during 1981–2014 tend to project a greater precipitation increase. Since most models overestimate present-day ITC trends, emergent constraint indicates precipitation increase in constrained projection is reduced to 70% of the raw projection, with the largest reduction in West Africa (49%). The land area experiencing significant increases of precipitation (runoff) is 57% (66%) of the raw projection. Smaller increases of precipitation will likely reduce flooding risk, while posing a challenge to future water resources management.
Enhanced coherent transition radiation from midinfrared-laser-driven microplasmas
Authors: Glek P. B. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a particle-in-cell (PIC) analysis of terahertz (THz) radiation by ultrafast plasma currents driven by relativistic-intensity laser pulses. We show that, while the I0$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$

λ

0

2

product of the laser intensity I0 and the laser wavelength λ0 plays the key role in the energy scaling of strong-field laser-plasma THz generation, the THz output energy, WTHz, does not follow the I0$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$

λ

0

2

scaling. Its behavior as a function of I0 and λ0 is instead much more complex. Our two- and three-dimensional PIC analysis shows that, for moderate, subrelativistic and weakly relativistic fields, WTHz(I0$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$

λ

0

2

) can be approximated as (I0λ02)α, with a suitable exponent α, as a clear signature of vacuum electron acceleration as a predominant physical mechanism whereby the energy of the laser driver is transferred to THz radiation. For strongly relativistic laser fields, on the other hand, WTHz(I0$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$

λ

0

2

) closely follows the scaling dictated by the relativistic electron laser ponderomotive potential $${\mathscr{F}}_{{\text{e}}}$$

F
e

, converging to WTHz ∝ $${I}_{0}^{1/2}{\lambda }_{0}$$

I

0

1
/
2

λ
0

for very high I0, thus indicating the decisive role of relativistic ponderomotive charge acceleration as a mechanism behind laser-to-THz energy conversion. Analysis of the electron distribution function shows that the temperature Te of hot laser-driven electrons bouncing back and forth between the plasma boundaries displays the same behavior as a function of I0 and λ0, altering its scaling from (I0λ02)α to that of $${\mathscr{F}}_{{\text{e}}}$$

F
e

, converging to WTHz ∝ $${I}_{0}^{1/2}{\lambda }_{0}$$

I

0

1
/
2

λ
0

for very high I0. These findings provide a clear physical picture of THz generation in relativistic and subrelativistic laser plasmas, suggesting the THz yield WTHz resolved as a function of I0 and λ0 as a meaningful measurable that can serve as a probe for the temperature Te of hot electrons in a vast class of laser–plasma interactions. Specifically, the α exponent of the best (I0λ02)α fit of the THz yield suggests a meaningful probe that can help identify the dominant physical mechanisms whereby the energy of the laser field is converted to the energy of plasma electrons.
Motor signature of autism spectrum disorder in adults without intellectual impairment
Authors: Cho An Bin , Otte Karen , Baskow Irina , Ehlen Felicitas , Maslahati Tolou , Mansow-Model Sebastian , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Behnia Behnoush , Roepke Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotor signs such as dyspraxia and abnormal gait are characteristic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, motor behavior in adults with ASD has scarcely been quantitatively characterized. In this pilot study, we aim to quantitatively examine motor signature of adults with ASD without intellectual impairment using marker-less visual-perceptive motion capture. 82 individuals (37 ASD and 45 healthy controls, HC) with an IQ > 85 and aged 18 to 65 years performed nine movement tasks and were filmed by a 3D-infrared camera. Anatomical models were quantified via custom-made software and resulting kinematic parameters were compared between individuals with ASD and HCs. Furthermore, the association between specific motor behaviour and severity of autistic symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2, Autism Spectrum Quotient) was explored. Adults with ASD showed a greater mediolateral deviation while walking, greater sway during normal, tandem and single leg stance, a reduced walking speed and cadence, a greater arrhythmicity during jumping jack tasks and an impaired manual dexterity during finger tapping tasks (p < 0.05 and |D|> 0.48) compared to HC. Furthermore, in the ASD group, some of these parameters correlated moderately to severity of ASD symptoms. Adults with ASD seem to display a specific motor signature in this disorder affecting movement timing and aspects of balance. The data appear to reinforce knowledge about motor signs reported in children and adolescents with ASD. Also, quantitative motor assessment via visual-perceptive computing may be a feasible instrument to detect subtle motor signs in ASD and perhaps suitable in the diagnosis of ASD in the future.
Synchronized bursts of productivity and success in individual careers
Authors: Ram Sumit Kumar , Nandan Shyam , Boulebnane Sami , Sornette Didier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNotwithstanding a significant understanding of epidemic processes in biological, social, financial, and geophysical systems, little is known about contagion behavior in individual productivity and success. We introduce an epidemic model to study the contagion of scholarly productivity and YouTube success. Our analysis reveals the existence of synchronized bursts in individual productivity and success, which are likely mediated by sustained flows of information within the networks.
Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 inhibition by elemolic acid as a function of anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Giresha Aladahalli S. , Urs Deepadarshan , Manjunatha J. G. , Sophiya P. , Supreetha B. H. , Jayarama Shankar , Dharmappa K. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (GIIA) is a key enzyme in inflammatory reactions, worsening the condition of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The natural inhibitors of GIIA potentially block the production of inflammatory mediators. In the present study, elemolic acid, a triterpenoid fromBoswellia serratainhibited the GIIA enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50value of 5.70 ± 0.02 µM. The mode of GIIA inhibition was studied by increasing the concentration of the substrate from 30 to 120 nM, and calcium from 2.5 to 15 mM, the level of inhibition was not changed. The inhibitor-enzyme interaction was examined by fluorimetry and Circular Dichroism (CD) studies; elemolic acid altered intrinsic fluorescence intensity and shifted far UV- CD spectra of GIIA enzyme, suggesting the direct interaction with GIIA. Elemolic acid neutralized the GIIA mediated indirect hemolytic activity from 94.5 to 9.8% and reduced GIIA induced mouse paw edema from 171.75 to 113.68%. Elemolic acid also reduced the hemorrhagic effect of GIIA along withVipera russeliineurotoxic non-enzymatic peptide -VNTx-II (VR-HC-I). Thus, the elemolic acid has been proven as a potent inhibitor of GIIA enzyme and modulated the GIIA induced inflammatory response by in situ and in vivo methods.