bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process optimization in Poultry Feed Mill
Authors: Amin Sameh , Sobhi Nahed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Poultry feed industry is a pretty much active in a lot of countries and it is achieved market acceptance. The final products are supposed to meet certain specifications to fulfill the nutritional need for animals at different life periods. The final product for poultry is shipped in the form of pelleted feed for the convenience of consumption. This paper focuses on improving production rates while maintaining quality specifications of the final products in an Egyptian poultry feed factory. The improvement approach is conducted by observing the main operating parameters of productivity; statistical analysis is conducted to observe the effect of those parameters on the production rate and the quality of the product. Comparison between parameters levels is done through analysis of variance to determine the significance of the tested parameters. The optimization of parameters was applied with Minitab and designed expert software to determine the best operating conditions. The obtained results showed that the downtime decreases by 16% monthly and the productivity increased by 35% and the pellet durability index increased by 0.8% after applying these parameters with total saving 2,160,000 LE.
Visual identification and pose estimation algorithm of nut tightening robot system
Authors: Zhou Yibang , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Lanzhu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To realize the automatic tightening of nuts, a nut tightening robot system strategy based on machine vision was designed in this work. The strategy was based on three stages: nut image calibration, nut identification and nut pose estimation. In the first stage, the template pose image of the nut and the coordinates of the nut center in this nut image were obtained by calibration. In the second stage, a nut identification algorithm based on improved the backbone feature extraction network and area generation network of Faster-RCNN was presented, which improved the efficiency and accuracy of nut identification. In the last stage, a nut pose estimation algorithm based on Fourier and log-polar coordinate transformation was presented to solve the rotation angle, translation and scale of the nut relative to the template nut image, and then obtain the rotation angle of the sleeve and the central coordinate of the nut. An experimental nut tightening robot platform was also set up in this work. The results of 50 tests showed that the proposed detection methods could identify nuts with 100% accuracy, and with this proposed pose estimation methods the average error of the rotation angle of the nut was 0.057, the average error of the center position of the nut in and directions was and of direction was . The experimental results showed that the nut tightening robot scheme and algorithm designed in this work were feasible in nut identification and pose estimation, and met the requirements of insertion accuracy in the process of nut tightening.
Mapping Algorithms For Predicting EQ-5D Utilities From The Assessment Test Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Yu Chun-Hsiang , Chang Sheng-Mao , Hsu Chih-Hui , Tsai Sheng-Han , Liao Xin-Min , Chen Chang-Wen , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Wang Jung-Der , Hsiue Tzuen-Ren , Chen Chiung-Zuei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: In order to predict the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions three-Level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire utility from the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT).Methods: The EQ-5D-3L and CAT data from 323 patients were collected. At first, response mapping under a backward elimination procedure was used for the EQ-5D score predictions from the CAT scores. A multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model was used to identify the association between the score and the covariates using a minimized quasi-information criterion (QIC). Afterwards, the predicted scores were transformed to the utility. Validation in the model selection depended on the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) for the validation group. We also compared the developed formula with previous models based on an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Results: Using response mapping with the MLR model to predict EQ-5D utility from CAT in this study performed as well as OLS regression models in previous studies using MAE and RMSE evaluations (all MAEs ≤ 0.100). In addition, the overestimation for low utility patients (utility ≤ 0.6) and underestimation for near health (utility > 0.9) in previous developed OLS models was improved in this study using a bubble chart analysis. Conclusions: Response mapping with the MLR model led to performance comparable to that using the OLS model for predicting EQ-5D utility from CAT data. In addition, the bubble charts revealed that the model constructed in this study was a better predictive model than other alternatives.
Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20
Authors: Tsegaw Menen , Mulat Bezawit , Shitu Kegnie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The risk of maternal death can be reduced through by ensuring that women have access to high-quality care before, during and after childbirth but access to health care problem is still a big public health issueObjective: To assess problems of accessing health care and its associated factors among reproductive age women in GambiaMethods: This study was based on a large community-based cross-sectional survey, conducted from 21 November 2019 to 30 March 2020 in Gambia.The survey employed a stratified two-stage cluster samplingtechnique to recruit study participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to summarize descriptive data and identify factors associated with problems of accessing health care respectively. A p-value of less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval were used to determine statistical significance.Results: The magnitude of big problem in accessing health care among reproductive age women in Gambia was 45.5%% (95%CI: 44.6, 46.4. Age (AOR=1.48 (95%CI: 1.12,1.95), being from rural residence (AOR=1.28 (95%CI: 1.07,1.53), parity (AOR= 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03,1.12),middle (AOR=0.54(95%CI:0.46, 0.64) and rich wealth (AOR=0.30 (95%CI:0.25, 0.37),give birth at health institution( AOR=0.69 (95%CI: 0.58, 0.80), currently working (AOR=0.77 (95%CI:0.68, 0.86) and geographic region was significantly associated with problems of accessing health care.Conclusion: Problems of accessing health care was high in Gambia. Age, region, working status, parity, residence, wealth and place of delivery were the identified factors associated with problems of accessing health care. Policy makers and public health experts should consider those factors while designing maternal health care program. User friendly, culturally acceptable and affordable health care service program should be designed to increase health care access in Gambia.
Signals of northward propagating Monsoon Intra-seasonal Oscillations (MISOs) in the RegCM4.7 CORDEX-CORE simulation over South Asia domain
Authors: Ghosh Soumik , Miller Arthur J. , Subramaniam Aneesh C. , Bhatla R. , Das S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The northward propagation of intra-seasonal oscillations (ISO) is closely associated with the seasonal and sub-seasonal cycle of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). This northward propagating monsoon ISO (MISO) is prominent at 25–90 days during the ISM and are very complex in nature. In this study, we use a simulation with REGional Climate Model v4.7 (RegCM4.7) output to attempt to better understand one of the major modes of ISO during the period 1981 to 2016. The model forced with EIN75 initial and boundary condition and EIN75 SST forcing is found to successfully capture the major signals of MISO. The propagating features of the MISO circulation pattern are broadly characterized using extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) and two major MISO indices (MISO-1 and MISO-2). The regions between the Indian subcontinent and the Indian ocean (IO) are found to be crucial for the MISO propagation during the 25–90 day oscillation. Half of the lifecycle of the MISO is found to be 15 days, i.e., the period necessary for the alteration from break phase to active monsoon phase. Simulated MISO indexes in phase space diagrams also reveal northward propagating signals that further help to explain potential mechanisms behind the MISO rainfall propagation from the IO to the Himalayan foothills.
Spatial Distribution and Health Implications of Trace Elements in the Groundwater of Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele O.S , daramola sunday , Oyedele A.A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The spatial variations, potential origin and associated health risks of some trace elements in groundwater of Ado-Ekiti southwestern Nigeria were evaluated. Sixty groundwater samples were evaluated for the concentration of some selected trace elements which includes Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr. The results were presented as spatial distribution maps with respect to the world health organization and the Nigerian standards for drinking water. The result showed that the mean concentrations of some of the trace elements exceeded the threshold values stipulated by the world health organization and the Nigerian standard for drinking water in several sampling locations. However, all of the sampled wells recorded Pb concentration below both standards. The weathering of underlying bedrocks are key sources to some of the trace elements in the groundwater of the study area. A health risk assessment was undertaken using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The HI values imply that the risk of contamination through oral ingestion pathway is from low through medium to high levels for both adults and children as the trace elements show mean HI values more than unity. The health risk assessment also indicates that the children are more susceptible to the non-carcinogenic risks than adults in the study area. Hence, some urgent proactive steps should be taken to avert the consequences of this health risk.
The Ecohydrology Of A Japanese Knotweed Invasion
Authors: Adler-Colvin Julianna , DeGennaro Gabriella , Klos Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) is an herbaceous, clonal invasive plant that can create a monodominant stand that outcompetes native species, particularly throughout riparian zones. To better understand how this species is so successful at invading, and why particular locations in riparian settings are more at risk, we investigated a variably invaded riparian valley site in the northeastern United States. We measured spatial variations in hydrologic and soil attributes (soil texture, depth profiles, volumetric water content) in relation to spatial variations in Japanese knotweed abundance (percent coverage). We also investigated how the arrival of this species alters hydrologic properties of the soil (e.g., infiltration rate) at a fine spatial scale (< 1 m). Across all variables observed, the strongest linear correlation (p < 0.01, r = 0.70) was found to be a positive relationship between mean percent coverage of Japanese knotweed and soils with a higher clay proportion. To understand causation in this relationship, and to better now how knotweed alters the physical environment it invades, we measured soil infiltration rates with stems present and absent (n = 40). We found that knotweed occurrence can create a significant (p = 0.05) decrease in infiltration rate, but only within finer soils. These results may elucidate new possible ecohydrologic feedback mechanisms between Japanese knotweed and soil properties that could promote a higher competitive advantage in finer soils. This new insight, along with other know mechanisms promoting knotweed growth, can help to better identify and prioritize conservation efforts around locations more at-risk of a successful invasion.
Assessment of the effect of sodium hypochlorite, an artificial exsheathment medium, on viability of nematode larvae
Authors: Elowni Elsayed E. , Abdelnabi Ghada H. , Ahmad Mohamed Fadl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) is used extensively as an artificial exsheathment medium of nematode larvae in a diversity of studies such as comparing the efficacy of drugs, assessment of resistance to anthelmintics or evaluation of plant extracts as anthelmintics by virtue of its unique capacity for tissue dissolution. Tests with NaOCI indicate that the compound, although highly effective as exsheathing agent, the infectivity of the exsheathed larvae produced was significantly low suggesting reduced viability. We used Strongyloides papillosus larvae, a nematode that naturally lacks a protective sheath and a potentially highly motile organism, as a model to exclude or confirm possible negative effects on the viability of the parasite. Motility was taken as a viability assay. Larvae were designated as actively motile, sluggish, or immotile. Results were presented as supplementary movie files. The viability of larvae is dependent on both the concentration and the time of exposure to the compound. There are certain concentration (C) and time (T) limits beyond which viability is impaired (0.3% ˃ C ˃ 0.2%; 10 min ˃ T ˃ 5 min). The results support the conclusions from infectivity tests that where NaOCI is used as an exsheathment medium, results should be interpreted with caution as the compound is potentially capable of reducing the viability of larvae. It may even induce structural damage.
Epidemiology Of Minor Blunt Head Trauma In Infants Younger Than 3 Months
Authors: Cadenas José Antonio Alonso , García-Loygorri Clara Ferrero , Checa Rosa María Calderón , Hidalgo Isabel Durán , García María José Pérez , González Sara Ruiz , Vivas-Lacalle María De Ceano , Gómez Pablo Delgado , Rodríguez Miguel Antoñón , Sánchez Rubén Moreno , Hernando José Martínez , López Cristina Muñoz , Valentín Irene Ortiz , García Raquel Jiménez 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose. Specific knowledge of the features of minor head trauma in infants is necessary to develop appropriate preventive strategies and adjust clinical management in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of minor blunt head trauma in infants <3 months who present to PEDs. Methods. We performed a prospective study of infants evaluated in any of 13 Spanish PEDs within 24 hours of a minor head trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14-15) between May 2017 and November 2020. Telephone follow-up was conducted for all patients over the 4 weeks after the initial PED visit. Results. Of 1,150,255 visits recorded, 21,981 children (1.9%) sustained a head injury, 386 of whom (0.03%) were under 3 months old. Among the 369 patients who met the inclusion criteria (0.03%), 206 (56.3%) were male. The main causes of trauma were fall-related (298; 80.8%), either from furniture (138/298; 46.3%), strollers (92/298; 30.9%), or a caregiver’s arms (61/298; 20.5%). Most infants were asymptomatic (317; 85.9%) and showed no signs of injury on physical exam (210; 56.9%). Imaging studies were performed in 195 patients (52.8%): 37 (10.0%) underwent computed tomography (CT) scan, 162 (43.9%) X-ray, and 22 (6.0%) ultrasound. A clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) occurred in 1 infant (0.3% overall; 95% CI, 0-1.5), TBI was evidenced on CT scan in 12 (3.3% overall; 95% CI, 1.7-5.7), and 20 infants had an isolated skull fracture (5.5% overall; 95% CI, 3.4-8.3). All outcomes were caused by falls onto hard surfaces.Conclusions. Most head injuries in infants younger than 3 months are benign, and the rate of ciTBI is low. Prevention strategies should focus on falls onto hard surfaces from furniture, strollers, and caregivers’ arms. Optimizing imaging studies should be a priority in this population.
The m assive d ifferences in d iet i nduced an a ltered g ut m icrobiota s tructure in m andarin d uck ( Aix g alericulata ) at b reeding a rea
Authors: Wang yeying , lv Xiaoyan , Zhan Haofeng , Li Binqiang , Zhu Dan , Wu Jinsong , Hu Canshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Animal gut is a dynamic ecosystem, and there are many factors affecting the structure of intestinal flora and the diversity of intestinal microbes, among which food differences are the direct causes. To investigate the effect of food composition on the intestinal flora structure of mandarin duck during the reproductive period, 9 feces were collected from 2 foraging sites of Shiqian Mandarin Duck Lake National Wetland Park, Guizhou, China. We analyzed the chloroplast rbcL gene, mitochondrial COI gene and 16S rRNA gene from the total DNA of the feces in detail to know the plants and animals in food compositions and intestinal bacteria of mandarin duck by high-throughput sequencing technology. We found that the gut microbiota composition were significantly correlated with the number of feeding species, the mandarin duck with a wide variety of feeding food had the more complex gut flora with more probiotics and less pathogenic bacterium. This study provides further theoretical support for food difference to affect the changes of intestinal bacterial structure of host, and provides scientific basis for understanding the feeding preference of mandarin duck at breeding area.
Molecular and cognitive signatures of ageing partially restored through synthetic delivery of IL2 to the brain
Authors: Lemaitre Pierre , Tareen Samar , Pasciuto Emanuela , Mascali Loriana , Martirosyan Araks , Callaerts-Vegh Zsuzsanna , Dooley James , Holt Matthew , Yshii Lidia , Liston Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cognitive decline is a common pathological outcome during aging, with an ill-defined cellular or molecular basis. Among the cellular changes observed with age are alterations to neuronal plasticity, changes in the glial compartment and the decline of the neurogenic niche. In the recent years, the concept of inflammaging, defined as a low-grade inflammation increasing with age, has emerged as a nexus for age-related diseases. This increase of basal inflammation is also observed in the central nervous system. While not classically considered a neurological cell type, infiltrating T cells increase in the brain with age, and may be responsible for amplification of inflammatory cascades and disruptions to the neurogenic niche. Recently, a small resident population of regulatory T cells has been identified in the brain, and the capacity of IL2-mediated expansion of this population to counter neuroinflammatory disease has been demonstrated. Here we test a brain-specific IL2 delivery system for the prevention of neurological decline in aging mice. We identify the molecular hallmarks of aging in the brain glial compartments, and identify partial restoration of this signature through IL2 treatment. At a behavioral level, brain IL2 delivery prevented the age-induced defect in spatial learning, without improving the general decline in motor skill or arousal. These results identify immune modulation as a potential path to preserving cognitive function for healthy ageing.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence, Awareness, and Risk Factors in Rural Mali: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Diawara Abdoulaye , Coulibaly Djibril M. , Abbas Talib Y. , Cisse Cheickna , Li Jian , Wele Mamadou , Diakite Mahamadou , Traore Kassim , Doumbia Seydou O. , Shaffer Jeffrey G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diabetes is currently a crisis in sub-Saharan West Africa (SSWA) with dramatic implications for public health and national budgets prioritizing infectious diseases. There is limited recent literature about prevalence, awareness, and risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rural parts of SSWA. This study aims to fill this gap through a field study in the rural Malian community of Nièna, which is situated in Mali’s second-largest province of Sikasso. From December 2020 to July 2021, a cross-sectional study of 412 participants was conducted in Nièna. Clinical questionnaires and rapid diagnostic tests were administered, and data were collected on patient demographics, anthropometric parameters, biochemical indexes tests, and diabetes awareness. Among 412 participants, there were 143 (34.7%) and 269 (65.3%) male and female participants, respectively. The overall prevalence of T2D was 7.8% (32/412), and prevalence rates were 8.9% (24/269) and 5.6% (8/143) for females and males, respectively. Family history of diabetes, hypertension, and fetal macrosomia were significantly associated with T2D (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .005, respectively). Notably, 62.5% (20/32) of T2D subjects were unaware of their diabetic status before the study. Among those previously diagnosed with T2D, only 29.4% (5/17) reported receiving routine care, treatment, or blood glucose control. This study suggests that diabetic unawareness and uncontrolled diabetes are disturbingly common. T2D would have devastating consequences in rural parts of Africa, where they often lack adequate resources, health care facilities, and qualified staff. Future studies are needed to determine whether the results presented here are generalizable to urban parts of Mali and, more broadly, to other parts of SSWA.
Pseudo-classification of natural elements and atomic total energy prediction
Authors: Belahcene Brahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Technological progression requires looking for new matters that meet specific properties. Moreover, the forecasting of physical and chemical compounds formation and proprieties can base on Datamining methods. In this paper, we use one of the unsupervised methods of Datamining, like Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The first goal is to make pseudo-classification of natural and synthetic elements of periodic table based on their all physicochemical and energies available properties. Likewise, the second goal is to test the effectiveness of this statistical method to estimate correlations and to appreciate the relationships between the properties. A pseudo-classification of periodic elements is a new way of seeing Mendeleev's table. At the end of this work, we present a predictable polynomial that allows the scientific community to make atomic total energy predictions for each natural periodic element, from Z=2 to Z=103.