bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder views of services for children and adolescents with obesity: Mega‐ethnography of qualitative syntheses
Authors: Carroll Christopher , Sworn Katie , Booth Andrew , Pardo‐Hernandez Hector 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe efficacy of services for children and adolescents with obesity is well researched, but this review describes what actually matters to stakeholders (children, caregivers, and professionals) in relation to such services.MethodsA mega‐ethnography, an innovative review‐of‐reviews approach that uses conceptual findings as primary data, was performed. Twelve bibliographic databases (2010–2020) were searched for reviews that considered the values and preferences of stakeholders concerning services or interventions (diet, exercise, lifestyle) that targeted children and adolescents with obesity.ResultsFrom 485 citations, 17 relevant reviews were identified. The synthesis found that the perceived need to address obesity is determined by subjective norms of weight and interactions with health professionals. Children's and caregivers' participation in obesity management services is shaped by their response to content, acceptability, and perceived benefits and demands. Whether they continue with and complete an intervention are determined by its perceived success, beyond just weight loss, including behavior change, enhanced self‐esteem, and the provision of timely and relevant support.ConclusionsObesity management services must be promoted in a sensitive manner and must be tailored, be varied, and make positive use of family and schools if children and caregivers are to seek and actively engage with them.
What's in a name: The impact of monkeypox nomenclature
Authors: Eya Lawson Ifeanyi , Ibrahim Muiz , Vicente Creuza Rachel , Rabe Adrian Paul J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe monkeypox outbreak has garnered significant global attention and has since been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Even though the virus is not novel and has been endemic in African countries, most cases in the present outbreak have been detected in Europe and the Americas. Disease nomenclature has historically included references to places, animals, and people. There could be unintended negative consequences emanating from these references. The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed some of these consequences, with terms such as “China virus” and fueling racism and hate crimes toward Asians, especially in America. Similarly, following the monkeypox outbreak, there have been reports of attacks on monkeys in Brazil even though monkeys are not linked to this present outbreak. The WHO Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases has advised the avoidance of these references and terms that can cause negative impacts. The naming of the COVID‐19 virus is an example of the use of the new naming practice. The WHO is already working on new names for the monkeypox disease. This name change will help clear up the confusion and prevent further attacks on monkeys both in Brazil and other parts of the world.
Assessment of regional development needs according to criteria based on the Sustainable Development Goals in the Meta Region (Colombia)
Authors: Aragonés‐Beltrán Pablo , González‐Cruz Mª. Carmen , León‐Camargo Astrid , Viñoles‐Cebolla Rosario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen a regional government considers investing funds for the sustainable development of its region, it must consider the real needs of the population and the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The identification of needs should be carried out with the support of local stakeholders representing various social groups. This paper seeks to answer the question of how to guide public investment policies at the local level, such as improving education, health, transportation and others, to better meet the SDGs. To answer this question, a multi‐criteria decision‐making process is followed, whereby, once the needs are classified by investment areas, they are prioritized based on criteria derived from the SDGs. The problem is complex because of the difficulty of the local stakeholder engagement process and also because of the interrelationships and influences that arise between all the elements of the decision problem: criteria and alternatives. To address this complexity, the Analytical Network Process method combined with DEMATEL will be followed. This process is applied to the case study of the distribution of funds allocated by the Government of Colombia to the Meta Region (Colombia) with the participation of 48 stakeholders to identify needs and the support of six experts in sustainability and project management for their prioritization.
The role of local cultural factors in the achievement of the sustainable development goals
Authors: Ordonez‐Ponce Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sustainable development goals (SDGs) are the greatest agreement achieved among countries. However, international policies such as the SDGs usually forget to include local cultural factors that would enable their achievement. Culture and sustainability have been studied in several contexts; however, the role that local culture plays in achieving sustainability has not been fully explored. This research addresses that gap by focusing on the SDGs globally and according to countries' income, continent, and region of origin. Hypotheses are tested through regression models using Hofstede's six cultural dimensions at the country level and the countries' overall and partial SDG scores. Results highlight significant relationships between cultural dimensions and countries' SDG scores in general and for groups of countries, and between cultural predictors and SDGs. Overall, power distance and masculinity contribute negatively to sustainability, whereas individualism, uncertainty avoidance, long‐term orientation, and indulgence affect sustainability positively. However, results vary across regions and SDGs. This article contributes with recommendations for policy and decision‐makers to address local SDGs and manage the different cultural dimensions of countries toward the accomplishment of sustainability. Certainly not an easy task.
Construction of Atomic Metal‐N2 Sites by Interlayers of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical H2O2 Synthesis
Authors: Liu Minghao , Yang Shuai , Liu Sijia , Miao Qiyang , Yang Xiubei , Li Xuewen , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrosynthesis of H2O2 is a promising alternative to the anthraquinone oxidation process because of its low energy utilization and cost‐effectiveness. Heteroatom‐doped carbons‐based catalysts have been widely developed for H2O2 synthesis. However, their doping degree, defective degree, and location of active sites are difficult to be preciously controlled at molecular level. Herein, a dioxin‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) is used as the template to preciously construct different metal‐N2 sites along the porous walls for H2O2 synthesis. By tuning the metal centers, the catalyst with Ca‐N2 sites enables to catalyze H2O2 production with selectivity over 95% from 0.2 to 0.6 V versus RHE, while the H2O2 yields for Co sites or Ni sites are 20% and 60% in the same potential range. In addition, the turnover frequency (TOF) values for Ca‐N2 sites are 11.63 e–1 site–1 s–1, which are 58 and 20 times higher than those of Co and Ni sites (0.20 and 0.57 e–1 site–1 s–1). The theoretical calculations further reveal that the OOH* desorption on Ca sites is easier than those on Co or Ni sites, and thus catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction in the 2e– pathway with high efficiency.
Practice Theory and Informal Urban Livelihoods in M’Bour, Senegal: A Case Study of Urban Cultivation
Authors: White Stephanie A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThroughout African cities, the majority of citizens make their livelihoods in what is commonly referred to as the “informal” economy. The concept of informality, however, is problematic and obscures more than it clarifies. Drawing on qualitative research carried out in the secondary city of M’Bour Senegal, this chapter offers one way to improve the legibility of such urban economic practices, which has implications for urban development decision-making processes. Through the use of Theodore Schatzki’s practice ontology, which roots livelihood firmly in place by connecting everyday economic practices to the material world, this research explores the “practice-material assemblages” that comprise urban cultivation and how those assemblages constitute and are constituted by the city and civic environment. This conceptual orientation provides insight about how people navigate complex urban processes and how those processes are informed by local social and environmental realities. Insights generated from such research might support efforts to create more sustainable, place-based, inclusive, and equitable urban planning practices.
The Role of the Informal Sector in Epworth’s Food System, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tawodzera Godfrey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe informal sector in Zimbabwe is largely criminalized by the state. It is seen as a sector that is dirty, disorderly, and a source of foodborne diseases in spite of the important role it plays in the economy through employment, income generation, food distribution, and general livelihoods. This study sought to examine the role of the informal food sector in the food system of Epworth, Zimbabwe. Study results indicated that it is integral to the food system of the area as a significant proportion of individuals and households in the area access food from the informal sector. While the food system of the area is embedded in the international food system, at the local level the formal and informal food systems merge and interact to serve the food needs of the area. Given these findings, this chapter recommends that the local authority repeals all laws that criminalize the informal food sector and improves the infrastructure used by the sector in order to effectively and sustainably serve the food needs of the area. In Epworth, the informal food sector is not a temporary sector thriving in times of crisis, but rather one that is enduring and integral to the food system of the area.
The Enabling Environment for Informal Food Traders in Nigeria’s Secondary Cities
Authors: Resnick Danielle , Sivasubramanian Bhavna , Idiong Idiong Christopher , Ojo Michael Akindele , Tanko Likita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInformal vendors are a critical source of food security for urban residents in African cities. However, the livelihoods of these traders, and the governance constraints they encounter, are not well-understood outside of the region’s capital and primate cities. This study focuses on two distinct secondary cities in Nigeria, Calabar in the South-South geopolitical zone of the country and Minna in the Middle Belt region. Interviews were collected with local and state officials in each city on the legal, institutional, and oversight functions they provide within the informal food sector. This was complemented with a survey of approximately 1097 traders across the two cities to assess their demographic profile, contributions to food security, key challenges they face for profitability, engagement with government actors, and degree of access to services in the markets. The analysis highlights two main findings. First, informal traders report less harassment by government actors than has been observed in larger Nigerian cities. At the same time, however, the enabling environment is characterized by benign neglect whereby government-mandated oversight functions are not comprehensively implemented and service delivery gaps remain a major hindrance to food safety. Second, there are important differences in the needs of traders across cities, suggesting that policies focused on food safety and improving the livelihoods of this constituency more broadly need to be properly nuanced even at the subnational level.
Ethics Versus the Law: The Case of the Belfast Project
Authors: Kara Helen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers a case study of the Belfast Project archive, set up by Boston College in the US to hold accounts of the conflict in Northern Ireland known as ‘the Troubles’. People who provided information were given written guarantees that their own accounts, and indeed the Project itself, would be kept secret until after their deaths. However, the existence of the Project was made public by its own director while some participants were still alive. The chapter begins with a brief background to the Troubles and an explanation of the importance of archives. Then the history of the archive is outlined and analysed, and the lessons learned from the case are discussed. One key lesson is that unless or until there is legal recognition of researcher-participant privilege, it will not always be possible for research data to be kept secure both ethically and legally. In conclusion, we outline the potential role for archival evidence in policymaking, and provide evidence for the importance of trust in social co-operation. We point to ways in which policy can help to build and maintain this trust and so help to forestall and manage conflict.
Research and the Ethics of Urban Exploration and Criminal Trespass
Authors: Israel Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBradley Garrett, an urban ethnographer, took part in exploration of British urban space that involved trespass onto land owned by the public transport authority. Garrett argued that it was ‘deeply problematic’ to block research on people simply because they lived close to ‘legal boundaries’. He also argued that participant observation with such groups might entail breaking the law. In 2012, Garrett and eight participants were arrested and charged with conspiracy to commit criminal damage and the prosecution based its case on research notes seized from Garrett. The case ended with Garrett receiving a conditional discharge. This chapter uses this ‘urban explorer’ case study to explore the justifications that might exist for undertaking covert research, for researchers breaking the law or for doing harm to participants and other interested parties, the ethics of autoethnography, the dangers of romanticising the subject of research, and the difficulties of negotiating multiple roles as researcher, urban explorer, political activist, journalist and filmmaker.
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Research Ethics
Authors: Declich Giovanna , Berliri Maresa , Alfonsi Alfonso 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe case study presented in this chapter concerns the policy adopted by the European Commission for better management of the relationship between science and society, with a focus on the ethics of scientific research. This policy, since 2011, has been based on the notion of responsible research and innovation(RRI). We discuss the RRI strategy as an attempt to include ethics within a broader policy framework to respond to the challenges emerging in the European research and innovation landscape. To do so, we examine the origins of the RRI idea, its incorporation into Commission policy, as well as its effectiveness and its impacts. We further discuss whether it has served its purpose in light of the fact that the terminology associated with RRI has been progressively downplayed in more recent years. Positive impacts exist, but also difficulties as RRI aims to take root and enhance and strengthen its ethical aspects. In conclusion, some lessons learned from this ten-year policy effort are presented, exploring the potentialities and limits of such an approach for the renewal of research ethics, and discussing what can be the theoretical and practical legacy of RRI for contemporary scientific and technological innovation policies.
Responsible Research and Innovation and India: A Case for Contextualization and Mutual Learning
Authors: Srinivas Krishna Ravi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResponsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is largely identified as a concept developed in Europe and adopted mostly in Europe, particularly in research. Principles in RRI have been incorporated into policies and programs in Europe and elsewhere. While studies have pointed out the need to adapt/contextualize/transduce RRI in non-European countries and contexts, the extent to which this is possible is a big issue. Developing countries like Chinaare adopting and contextualizing RRI to suit their needs and to enhance protocols/practices. this chapter takes India as an example and points out that RRI is relevant for India and at the same time some of the keys in RRI find a place in Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policy and practice, although RRI as a concept is not acknowledged or recognized. This chapter argues that contextualizing RRI for India, particularly in the light of STI Policy (STIP) (under finalization) and Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR) is feasible and desirable. While the former gives importance to Open Science, Science Education (in the Indian context), Science Communicationand Gender, SSR opens up possibilities for enriching RRI. Similarly, RRI in theory and practice can benefit from interaction with ideas and practices developed in India such as Access, Equityand Inclusion, Scientific Temper and Scientific Social Responsibility. These ideas and practices may not be relevant in all countries in adopting RRI but can contribute to the diversity in RRI as a concept and practice.
Ethics in Space: The Case for Future Space Exploration
Authors: Detsis Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coming decades will see humans setting foot on the Moon once more and possibly Mars. However, current radiation exposure standards for long duration spaceflight do not allow for such missions. This chapter gives an overview of the discussion in the US and NASA, regarding the way forward and outlines important recommendations that were presented to NASA from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine in 2021. The ethical issues regarding human spaceflight and radiation exposure are highlighted and examined.
Luminescent metal complexes as emerging tools for lipid imaging
Authors: Schwehr Bradley J. , Hartnell David , Massi Massimiliano , Hackett Mark J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is a key tool in the biological sciences, which finds use as a routine laboratory technique (e.g., epifluorescence microscope) or more advanced confocal, two-photon, and super-resolution applications. Through continued developments in microscopy, and other analytical methods, the importance of lipids as constituents of subcellular organelles, signalling or regulating molecules continues to emerge. The increasing recognition of the importance of lipids to fundamental cell biology (in health and disease) has prompted the development of protocols and techniques to image the distribution of lipids in cells and tissues. A diverse suite of spectroscopic and microscopy tools are continuously being developed and explored to add to the “toolbox” to study lipid biology. A relatively recent breakthrough in this field has been the development and subsequent application of metal-based luminescent complexes for imaging lipids in biological systems. These metal-based compounds appear to offer advantages with respect to their tunability of the photophysical properties, in addition to capabilities centred around selectively targeting specific lipid structures or classes of lipids. The presence of the metal centre also opens the path to alternative imaging modalities that might not be applicable to traditional organic fluorophores. This review examines the current progress and developments in metal-based luminescent complexes to study lipids, in addition to exploring potential new avenues and challenges for the field to take.
Establishing Local Power Markets and Enabling Financial Access to Solar Photovoltaic Technologies: Experiences in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Mazzà Guglielmo , Pasini Marco , Ricci Silvia , Matimbwi Matthew , Pizzo Giampietro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnergy inclusion is a major concern in Tanzania, where rural areas are widely lacking access to both power networks and off-grid systems. Different barriers are slowing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7: universal electrification in the country raises concerns in delays and equity. Financial exclusion adds to the complexity of adopting appropriate technological solutions, particularly for rural communities. Solar photovoltaic solutions represent an opportunity to increase energy access and enable growth. The introduction of new technological products requires to establish local power markets, including demand, financial resources and providers, supply mechanisms and after-sale services. The financing of renewable energy solutions for rural households partially relies on microfinance institutions and community financial groups. Technology suppliers are also providing financial services to expand access to solar and photovoltaic products, applying models mostly enabled by mobile payment systems. The paper assesses the effects of an initiative implemented in Malinyi and Kilombero districts to support the establishment of local solar power markets. The involvement of Village Community Banks to engage communities and develop sustainable financial schemes is evaluated, together with the complexity of combining awareness raising on technological solutions and financial education. Results of the implementation are presented and discussed evaluating the different ingredients of the established markets.
Consequences of Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on the Electricity Generation and Environment in South Asia
Authors: Hasan Shameem , Rasheduzzaman Mirza , Hossain M. Mofazzal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere has been an unprecedented impact of COVID-19 outbreak worldwide. To save people from COVID-19, many countries imposed strict lockdown since March 2020 in different phases. In this paper, the impacts of COVID-19 on the power industry of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka and its positive impacts on the environment have been investigated through the reduction of power generation and Green House Gas (GHG) emission during a certain part of the lockdown period. It is found that there was a 16.96%, 26% and 22.7% reduction of power generation in May’20 compared with that of May’19 in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka respectively. Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOX) and fluorinated gases are the main components of Green House Gases (GHGs) where CO2 contains almost 80% of the GHGs. CO2 emission was reduced by a maximum of 22.29% in May 2020 in Bangladesh compared to May’19. India encountered a CO2 emission reduction of 29.75% in April’20 compared to April’19. NOX and SO2 reduction in India in April’20 were 29.59% and 31.19% respectively whereas in Bangladesh in May’20 during the lockdown, NOX decreased by 15.57% and SO2 increased by 23.36%. Hence, from the comparative study presented in this paper, the consequence of lockdown due to COVID-19 on the power sector and environment of three South Asian countries can be realized.