bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to plant-oriented microbiome altered jejunal and colonic innate immune response and barrier function more strongly in suckling than in weaned piglets
Authors: Lerch Frederike , Vötterl Julia C , Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi E , Sassu Elena L , Schwarz Lukas , Renzhammer Rene , Bünger Moritz , Sharma Suchitra , Koger Simone , Sener-Aydemir Arife , Quijada Narciso M , Selberherr Evelyne , Kummer Stefan , Berthiller Franz , U. Metzler-Zebeli Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weaning often leaves the piglet vulnerable to gut dysfunction. Little is known about the acute response of a gut mucosa primed by a milk-oriented microbiome before weaning to a plant-oriented microbiome (POM) after weaning. We evaluated the epithelial structure, secretory response and permeability in the small and large intestines of piglets receiving a milk-based (i.e., preweaning) or plant-based diet (i.e., postweaning) to POM inocula using intestinal loop perfusion assays (ILPA). The POM were prepared from jejunal and colonic digesta of four 7 week-old weaned (day 28 of life) piglets, having gut-site specific microbial and metabolite composition. Two consecutive ILPA were performed in 16 piglets pre- (days 24 to 27) and 16 piglets postweaning (days 38 to 41) in two replicate batches. Two jejunal and colonic loops per piglet were perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer (control) or the respective POM. The outflow fluid was analyzed for antimicrobial secretions. Jejunal and colonic loop tissue were collected after each ILPA for histomorphology and electrophysiology using Ussing chambers. ANOVA was performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS. The POM stimulated the secretory response by increasing mucin in the jejunal and colonic outflow by 99.7% and 54.1%, respectively, and jejunal IgA by 19.2%, whereas colonic lysozyme decreased 25.6% compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05). Fittingly, the POM raised the number of goblet cells by 96.7% in jejunal and 56.9% in colonic loops compared to control loops (P &lt; 0.05). The POM further flattened jejunal villi by 18.3% and reduced crypt depth in jejunal and colonic loops by 53.8% and 9.0% compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05); observations typically made postweaning and indicative for mucosal recognition of ‘foreign’ compounds. The POM altered the jejunal and colonic net ion flux as indicated by 22.7% and 59.2% greater short-circuit current compared to control loops, respectively; the effect being stronger postweaning (P &lt; 0.05). Colonic barrier function improved with age (P &lt; 0.05), whereas POM perfusion compromised the mucosal barrier as suggested by 17.7% and 54.1% greater GT and mucosal-to-serosal flux of fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran, respectively, compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, results demonstrated that the preweaning gut epithelium acutely responds to novel compounds in postweaning digesta by upregulating the first line of defense (i.e., mucin and lysozyme secretion) and impairment of the structural integrity.
Power and the International Human Rights Imaginary: A Critique of Practice
Authors: Fletcher Laurel E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe international human rights movement is undergoing an internal reckoning. The legitimacy of the human rights project is being questioned within the movement. These internal critiques render more visible and contestable the influence of human rights movement actors in the Global North over the international human rights agenda. Yet these critiques are incomplete. Grounded in decades of experience as an international human rights practitioner, this article uses the concept of the international human rights imaginary to explain why and how the technologies of traditional international human rights practice (practice forms) embed colonizing tendencies to supplant local knowledge and priorities. It argues that the harms of practice forms can be mitigated if international practitioners incorporate a principle of solidarity with local human rights struggles.The common understandings of what human rights are and how they should be defended are advanced by international nongovernmental organizations based in western Europe and the United States with access to international decision makers, institutions, and funding. These are the actors who exercise power to set the priorities for the international human rights movement. The human rights practice forms commonly used by dominant NGOs are integral to the political economy of the international human rights movement. These dynamics are illustrated through the three quintessential practices of statement advocacy, human rights reporting, and standard setting advocacy. Their study exposes how the imaginary operates in practice. North-based human rights actors need to reimagine human rights to be relevant to a multi-polar, pluralistic, and global—rather than to a merely North-based, western, and international—human rights movement.
Citizenship as a Privilege and the Weakness of International Law: The Consequences for Citizenship Deprivation in Bahrain and the UK
Authors: Almutawa Ahmed , Walker Clive 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCitizenship serves different interests. It provides security and empowerment for the citizen. For the state, control of citizenship is an attribute of sovereignty which may treat citizenship as a privilege at its behest rather than an individual right claimed in defiance of its interests. This tension is situated within a tripartite relationship also involving international law. However, international law’s insistence on a human right to citizenship is weak and affects the procedural, rather than the substantive, aspects of deprivation. The tension between sovereignty, human rights, and international law will be examined through the lens of citizenship deprivation within counterterrorism. The article will focus on laws and practices in Bahrain and the UK, both states at the forefront of reliance on citizenship deprivation for security purposes. As a result of the weakness of international law, the divergent polities of Bahrain and the UK are both enabled to promote citizenship deprivation.
Research on a model-based burst pressure prediction method for pipelines with corrosion defects
Authors: Zhou Hongming , Li Peiyuan , Wu Longfei 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The leakage of pipelines will cause serious harm to the human living environment. To meet the safety assessment requirement for pipelines, a pipeline burst pressure prediction method based on a parametric model is proposed. The parameters of the model include defect size, pipeline size and material properties. First, the relationship between the defect size and the burst pressure was studied by finite element analysis, and the parametric model was deduced according to the analysis results. Second, the undetermined coefficients of the model were obtained using the improved genetic algorithm. Last, comparisons of the test burst pressures with those predicted by the proposed model and three standard assessment methods were carried out. The results show that the predicted model is more reliable than the existing pipeline assessment codes.
The Gutturals in North Argobba: An Etymological Evaluation
Authors: Bulakh Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
North Argobba is a South Ethio-Semitic idiom used by Argobba communities in the villages of Shonke and T’ollaha (Oromiya zone of Amhara region of Ethiopia). One of the most striking features of North Argobba is the presence of the gutturals ʔ, ʕ, h and ḥ as distinct phonemes. While the importance of this feature has been recognized by the linguists, it is also been observed that not all examples of gutturals are etymologically correct. The present work provides a systematic evaluation of the sources for the North Argobba guttural phonemes ʔ, ʕ, h, ḥ. It demonstrates that these phonemes are reflexes of Proto-Ethio-Semitic gutturals with the same value, although the original picture is to some extent blurred by various phonological processes. The data of North Argobba are thus of considerable value for the phonological reconstruction of the Proto-Ethio-Semitic roots.
The Voluntary Sterilisation Act: Best Interests, Caregivers, and Disability Rights
Authors: Chua Hillary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How can caregivers’ interests be balanced with disability rights in decisions about whether to sterilise an intellectually disabled person? This question is considered in the context of Singapore, a commonwealth country that lacks a test case. Singapore has a lesser-known history of eugenics, and has struck an uneasy compromise between communitarian values and obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in recent years. This article provides an overview of Singaporean law under the Voluntary Sterilisation Act 1974 and the Mental Capacity Act 2008, and compares this with the law in Canada, England and Wales, and Australia. This article also situates the CRPD in the context of Singapore’s dualist view of international law and communitarian approach to disability policy. It argues that CRPD rights to bodily integrity can be presumptively upheld in best interests determinations on sterilisation, while caregivers’ interests can be accommodated in a relational understanding of best interests. A decisional framework along these lines is proposed.
Betaine consumption as a new clinical approach to treatment and prophylaxis of folate-related pathologies
Authors: Yeroshkina Krystyna , Rossokha Zoia , Fishchuk Liliya , Gorovenko Nataliia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe most important pathway in the development of folate-related pathologies is an increase in the level of homocysteine (HC). HC, a cytotoxic and neurotoxic amino acid (when its level is ≥12 μmol/L), is 1 of the most widely studied compounds in cardiology, neurobiology, oncology, and embryology for the last 20 years. Given its toxicity, the processes of endogenous detoxification of HC are of particular interest to medicine. To date, the most studied pathway is that of remethylation (the conversion of HC to methionine), with the participation of B12- and B9-dependent methionine synthase. Less studied is remethylation with the participation of the choline derivatives betaine and betaine-HC-S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Therefore, the aim of this review was to conduct a theoretical analysis of available information regarding the contribution of betaine metabolism, its enzyme, and its genetic polymorphism to folate metabolism disturbances, and the development of folate-related pathologies. This review emphasizes the potential clinical significance of 2 factors that can influence the remethylation reaction of HC: the use of betaine and identifying the BHMT gene variants and their impact on the risk for developing certain folate-related pathologies, and treatment options. Moreover, with a high level of methylation of the BHMT gene and in the presence of its low-function variants (eg, rs3733890), it is necessary to use betaine as an additional methyl donor, especially during folate therapy. More clinical research is needed to identify the effects of the different BHMT gene variants on the individual risk for folate-related pathologies to better assess the clinical significance, the need for genetic testing, and betaine consumption.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with suspicion of Zollinger Ellison syndrome in a family with history of renal stones and hypercalcemia in a limited resource setting: a case report
Authors: Hussain Kamran , Nahar Jebun , Abbas Fakhar , Nawar Jasir , Anand Ayush 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant endocrine tumour syndrome, which can be diagnosed clinically based on family history and the existence of MEN 1-associated tumours or molecularly based on genetic testing. We described the case of a Hispanic 55-year-old male presenting with dysphagia, chest pain and diarrhoea for three months with a family history of hypercalcaemia and nephrolithiasis in first-degree relatives. Primary hyperparathyroidism was suggested by hypercalcaemia, elevated parathyroid hormone level, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis on abdominal computed tomography scan and enlarged parathyroid gland on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Also, patient had hypergastrinemia and a hypodense lesion in the pancreas on computed tomography scan of abdomen. These findings suggested MEN 1 syndrome with high suspicion of associated Zollinger Ellison syndrome. Our case highlights the importance of family history and high clinical suspicion in patients presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypergastrinemia.
Enterococcus hirae bacteremia associated with perinephric collection and renal abscesses in a diabetic woman
Authors: Chang Chee Yik , Jayabalan Mogeshwari , Gan Yi Lung , Radhakrishnan Anuradha P , Ong Edmund L C 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Enterococcus hirae infection accounts for about 1% of all enterococcal infections. This number is likely to be underestimated because of inadequate identification. Human infection due to E. hirae is rarely reported. We present the case of a young woman with diabetes mellitus who developed symptoms of pyelonephritis and diabetic ketoacidosis. Renal computed tomography scan revealed the presence of subcapsular perinephric collection and renal abscesses. Her blood culture yielded E. hirae. Our patient was successfully treated with antimicrobials based on the susceptibility result. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of perinephric collection and renal abscesses associated with E. hirae bacteremia.
Using the Generalized Synthetic Control Method to Estimate the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Population Health
Authors: Sheridan Paige , McElroy Sara , Casey Joan , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Traditional epidemiologic approaches such as time-series or case–crossover designs are often used to estimate the effects of extreme weather events but can be limited by unmeasured confounding. Quasi-experimental methods are a family of methods that leverage natural experiments to adjust for unmeasured confounding indirectly. The recently developed generalized synthetic control method that exploits the timing of an exposure is well suited to estimate the impact of acute environmental events on health outcomes. To demonstrate how this method can be used to study extreme weather events, we examined the impact of the 20–26 October 2007 Southern California wildfire storm on respiratory hospitalizations.

Methods:
We used generalized synthetic control to compare the average number of ZIP code-level respiratory hospitalizations during the wildfire storm between ZIP codes that were classified as exposed versus unexposed to wildfire smoke. We considered wildfire exposure eligibility for each ZIP code using fire perimeters and satellite-based smoke plume data. We retrieved respiratory hospitalization discharge data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. R code to implement the generalized synthetic control method is included for reproducibility.

Results:
The analysis included 172 exposed and 578 unexposed ZIP codes. We estimated that the average effect of the wildfire storm among the exposed ZIP codes was an 18% (95% confidence interval: 10% to 29%) increase in respiratory hospitalizations.

Conclusions:
We illustrate the use of generalized synthetic control to leverage natural experiments to quantify the health impacts of extreme weather events when traditional approaches are unavailable or limited by assumptions.
CLINICAL AND STRUCTURAL IMPACT OF SUBMACULAR FLUID AFTER PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY REPAIR FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Carrera William M. , Peng Michelle Y. , Reddy Manisha , Chen Judy J. , Johnson Robert N. , Jumper J. Michael , McDonald H. Richard , Agarwal Anita 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To assess the impact of submacular fluid (SMF) after pneumatic retinopexy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Methods:
Retrospective review of consecutive patients treated with pneumatic retinopexy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. 387 eyes (374 patients) were included, of which 166 underwent optical coherence tomography imaging after successful pneumatic retinopexy. Foveal-centered optical coherence tomography scans were reviewed.

Results:
SMF occurred in 59 eyes (35.5%) and was associated with macular detachment (P ≤ 0.001) and phakic lens status (P = 0.007). Submacular fluid resolved over an average of 9.39 months and was associated with worse preprocedure best-corrected visual acuity and delayed visual recovery. The mean final best-corrected visual acuity was 0.277 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/40) in eyes with SMF and 0.162 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/30) in those without SMF (P < 0.001). Submacular fluid was associated with discontinuity of the interdigitation zone (P = 0.003), ellipsoid zone (P = 0.005), and external limiting membrane (P ≤ 0.001) after SMF resolution. Ellipsoid zone discontinuity was associated with worse visual prognosis (P = 0.009).

Conclusion:
Trace SMF detected by optical coherence tomography is common after successful pneumatic retinopexy and resulted in delayed visual recovery and increased rates of outer retinal discontinuity after SMF resorption, although the final difference in best-corrected visual acuity in those with and without SMF was minimal.
Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Reddy Amit K. , Kolfenbach Jason R. , Palestine Alan G. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
This article summarizes the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and common ocular manifestations that it is associated with: keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis, scleritis, and peripheral ulcerative keratitis.

Recent findings
Newer biologic agents are being used to effectively treat rheumatoid arthritis and its ocular manifestations.

Summary
The eye is a frequent extra-articular site of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ocular involvement can range from more benign conditions such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and episcleritis, to potentially vision and globe-threatening diseases like scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Clinicians should be aware of these ophthalmic manifestations and the various treatment options that are available. Coordination between ophthalmology and rheumatology is helpful in the treatment of these patients.
Efferent neuro-ophthalmic complications of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Dinkin Marc , Sathi Swetha 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
We set out to describe efferent neuro-ophthalmological complications that have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We describe syndromes affecting ocular motility and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, COVID-19 continues to pose an international threat that may rarely result in diplopia or nystagmus.

Recent findings
Efferent complications include cranial nerve palsies leading to diplopia, either isolated or in association with Miller Fisher syndrome. Nystagmus has been observed in the setting of hemorrhagic acute necrotizing encephalopathy and brainstem infarcts, and opsoclonus syndrome has been described.

Summary
Observed neuro-ophthalmic associations need to be confirmed through larger comparative studies. Meanwhile, the range of possible complications should be recognized by neurologists and ophthalmologists alike, to facilitate faster diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its neuro-ophthalmic manifestations.
Higher serum infliximab concentrations during induction predict short-term endoscopic response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Eberl Anja , Qadri Sami , Saavalainen Päivi , Sipponen Taina 
Published: September 2022

Objective
Measuring of serum infliximab (IFX) induction concentrations might reduce primary non-response rates in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but optimal target concentrations are unclear. We investigated whether IFX induction concentrations predict short-term endoscopic response at week 12 or treatment persistence at week 52.

Methods
Sixty-nine IBD patients (Crohn’s disease, n=24; ulcerative colitis, n=45) received standard IFX induction of 5 mg/kg bodyweight at weeks 0, 2, and 6. Responders continued maintenance therapy and underwent follow-up until week 52 or treatment discontinuation. We measured IFX concentrations at weeks 2, 6, and 12, and evaluated treatment response around week 12 with endoscopy or with clinical scores and fecal calprotectin. Using the receiver operating characteristic analysis, we determined optimal IFX concentration thresholds associated with treatment response. We further compared IFX induction concentrations between patients persisting on IFX at week 52 and patients discontinuing treatment due to insufficient response.

Results
Responders (74%, 51 out of 69 patients) had significantly higher median IFX concentrations than non-responders at weeks 6 (25.06 vs. 19.68 µg/ml; P = 0.04) and 12 (18.03 vs. 10.02 µg/ml; P = 0.03), but not at week 2 (33.12 vs. 34.20 µg/ml; P = 0.97). Optimal IFX concentration thresholds for induction response were 21.33 and 5.13 µg/ml at weeks 6 and 12, respectively. Fifty-three patients continued IFX maintenance therapy until week 52. Induction concentrations failed to predict persistence on IFX therapy at week 52.

Conclusion
Higher IFX induction concentrations predict endoscopic short-term response. However, induction concentrations failed to predict long-term persistence on IFX treatment.
Cardiac involvement in Wilson’s disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Chunya , Gao Hai , Sun Jie , Wang Limin , Li Weijie , Zu Xiaolin , Cheng Peili , Wei Shizhang , Zhao Pan 
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives
Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited disorder with perturbations in copper metabolism and can cause multiorgan damage. This study aims to explore cardiac findings mainly based on electrocardiography (ECG) in WD patients.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled adult patients who were diagnosed with WD between January 2011 and December 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected and reevaluated.

Results
A total of 126 patients were included. There were 71 men and 55 women. The mean age was 27.2 years. Ninety-nine had hepatic presentation as the initial symptom and 27 had neuropsychiatric presentation as the initial symptom. Thirty-seven patients (29.4%) had cardiac manifestations. Of these patients, nine presented apparent cardiac symptoms (three with discontinuous chest tightness, three with dizziness, two with palpitation and one with atypical chest pain) and 28 had asymptomatic electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities. Among the nine patients, four had second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, three had ST-segment change and two had ventricular tachycardia. ECG abnormalities in the 28 patients included increase in the width of the QRS complex in 8, atrial premature beats in 8, T-wave inversion in 5, P-wave inversion in 2, sinus bradycardia in 2, ST-segment change in 2, and coexistence of sinus bradycardia and T-wave inversion in 1. No statistical difference (P = 0.32) existed in the occurrence of ECG abnormalities between patients with hepatic presentation (27/99) and those with neuropsychiatric presentation (10/27).

Conclusion
Cardiac involvement is not rare in adult WD patients. We suggest that cardiac evaluation should be routinely performed in the population.