METHODS OF URBAN ORGANIZATION AND REGENERATION OF RIVER ECOSYSTEMS OF POLISYA
Authors: Mykhailyk Olha 
Published: September 2022

Rivers of Ukraine are divided into 3 types: Polissya, mountain and rivers of dissected valleys. The attention of this article is paid to the analysis of natural features of river ecosystems of Polissya, analysis of the reasons and factors of their degradation. Methods of town-planning organization and regeneration of coastal territories of Polissya-type rivers of urban and suburban zones are offered. The current state of the ecosystems of Polissya rivers of Ukraine is considered, the analysis of the reasons and factors of their degradation is made. Proposals have been made for the regeneration and urban planning of coastal areas of Polissya rivers in urban and suburban areas.
The river ecosystems of Polissya have weakly expressed wide valleys with a significant width of the floodplain. The height of river valleys is small (about 1 m), which contributes to frequent flooding and waterlogging. In the channels, which are mostly composed of sand, strands are common. In curved coastal areas, ravines are formed, and in convex coastal areas, spit. The speed of the river flow is insignificant 0.2-0.3 m / s. The water is clear with a brownish tinge due to the presence of swamp water. Polissya rivers do not dry up. There are relatively few aquatic and air-water vegetation in Polissya rivers. The forest cover of Polissya rivers is 20-40%; there is a significant share of wetlands and reclaimed areas. The coastal areas of Polissya rivers are dominated by coniferous and mixed forests dominated by pine with a significant share of birch on sandy and loamy soils, chernovshnyak on swampy soils of terraced depressions.
The largest Polissya rivers are the Pripyat and the Desna; the Berezina and Sozh rivers are somewhat inferior to them. Most of the Polissya lowland belongs to the basin of the Pripyat River, which originates within the Volyn region, then passes into the territory of Belarus and is again in Ukraine. Desna is the second largest river basin and water level in the Polissya River.
The river originates near the Russian city of Yelnya. Desna has a fairly wide floodplain in most parts of Ukraine. The proximity of the mouth of the river to Kiev determines the health and recreational function of the coastal area of the Desna. Desnianska water is the main source of water supply in Kyiv. The river valleys of the small rivers of Polissya are characterized by insignificant depth of cut-offs of water intakes, gradual transition from intensively swampy floodplains and floodplain terraces to low and swampy watersheds. The ravine-beam relief and geomorphological expressiveness of the valleys are common. The river ecosystem is a naturally balanced formation - disturbance of the coastal area directly affects the state of the riverbed. Maintaining the natural (optimal) functioning of the river ecosystem and its catchment area helps to increase their self-cleaning capabilities and minimize the impact of extreme situations, including low-water years. Any measures for the preservation or reconstruction of the ecosystem of the river and river valley should be aimed at the reproduction of natural complexes, originally characteristic of the area and the landscape.
In order to maintain, preserve, protect and restore the ecological balance, the urban organization of coastal areas of Polissya rivers in urban and suburban areas should take into account the presence of wetlands of coastal areas, the number of wetlands, small number of aquatic and air-water plants. features of Polissya river ecosystems. The dominance of the landscape direction of the urban organization of the coastal areas of Polissya will help maintain the natural balance, which is the key to maintaining the purity of Polissya rivers and the stability of coastal areas.