bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: March 2022

This is the second part of an intended four on various nomenclatural matters regarding South American species of the Neotropical stingless bee genus Scaptotrigona Moure (Apinae: Meliponini). Here, the postica species group is briefly outlined and organized into two informal subgroups, the first of which is treated herein. A key to these species is provided and the following new species established: Scaptotrigona ederi Engel, new species; S. gonzalezi Engel, new species; S. kuperi Engel, new species; S. extranea Engel, new species; S. rosellae Engel, new species; S. magdalenae Engel, new species; S. tatacoensis Engel, new species; S. macarenensis Engel, new species; S. caduceus Engel, new species; S. illescasi Engel, new species; S. baldwini Engel, new species; S. santiago Engel, new species; S. yungasensis Engel, new species; and S. faviziae Engel, new species. Lastly, a neotype is designated for S. ochrotricha (Buysson).
A Comprehensive Analysis of Reward Function for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control
Authors: Md Jamil Abu Rafe , Nower Naushin 
Published: March 2022

Adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS) can play an important role to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas. The main challenge for ATSC is to determine the proper signal timing. Recently, Deep Reinforcement learning (DRL) is used to determine proper signal timing. However, the success of the DRL algorithm depends on the appropriate reward function design. There exist various reward functions for ATSC in the existing research. In this research, a comprehensive analysis of the widely used reward function is presented. The pros and cons of various reward algorithms are discussed and experimental analysis shows that multi-objective reward function enhances the performance of ATSC.
Performance Appraisal of Tehran Firefighting Stations in Attempted and Threating Suicide with National and Global Standards (The First 6 Months of 2018)
Authors: Damirchi Esmaeil Sadri , Kheirdast Afrasyab , Grjibovski Andrej M , Khodabandehlou Eslamali , Pireinaladin Saeed 
Published: March 2022

Background: We aimed to compare the performance of Tehran firefighting stations in the incidents of suicide attempt and threats among Tehran citizens using international standards.
Methods: A research method was a descriptive-analytical study based on library studies. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods such as single group t-test and independent t-test. The statistical population of this study included all citizens in 22 districts of Tehran City that committed or threated to commit suicide in the 2018 year. They were selected in a targeted manner. All data were extracted and analyzed through the fire department in the first half of 2018 in the action and threat of suicide.
Results: Men commit suicide more than women do. Moreover, the average time of exit from station and the average travel time are shorter than Iranian and world standards. The people saved by firefighters outnumber the people who died in suicide, which indicates the satisfactory performance of firefighters in relief and rescue operations. In suicide operations, according to the general results obtained from statistical calculations of departure time from the station and the average travel time, which are the two main factors in evaluating the performance of firefighters in suicide accidents, which in comparison with international standards. It was significantly lower and the performance of firefighters was positive.
Conclusion: The average duration of exit from station and the average travel time, are significantly lower than international standards, which demonstrates the good performance of firefighters.
A Green Approach to Safe Domestic Drinking Water Supply by Using Solar Geyser
Authors: Rabbani Davarkhah , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Shaterian Maryam , Hesamifard Reyhaneh , Rezvani Ghalhari Mohammad , Kabiri Morteza , Mostafaii Gholamreza 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Accessibility to safe drinking water is an important human health issue, so water reuse and water resources management are critical in arid parts of developing regions. This study aimed to investigate the use of a combined simple designed solar geyser/photocell for drinking water disinfection.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a solar geyser with a simple design was combined with a solar cell and its efficiency on the disinfection of contaminated water was investigated. This study was carried out with artificially polluted tap water by a solar geyser joined with a solar photovoltaic cell. The heated water (55°C) was kept for 2 hours using a solenoid valve. The pilot plant was operated and monitored for one year. The volume of the collected effluent was measured every 24 h. The most probably number (MPN) of total coliforms and fecal coliforms in 100 mL of 24-hour composed samples were measured.
Results: The mean volume of disinfected water production was calculated as 2095.74 ± 270.28 mL/day. The strongest correlation was found between disinfected water and the maximum daily ambient air temperature with a linear model (R2 = 0.9937). The results showed that by increasing the sunny time, the volume of water outlet increased. Therefore, sunny time and UV radiation have direct effect on volume of disinfected water.
Conclusion: The simple designed solar geyser for drinking water disinfection was efficient and recommended for tropical areas, emergency conditions, and farms for agricultural activities.
Histopathological Study of Gastric Polypoid Lesions in Patients Referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd from 2011-2016
Authors: Moghimi Mansour , Derakhshani Fatemeh 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathology of gastric polypoid lesions in the patients and its relationship with gender, age and the size of the lesion in the patients referred to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd City.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Sampling method was census; the records of all the patients with diagnosis of polypoid gastric lesions during the years 2011-2016 were examined. Among these, the information of 102 patients with a diagnosis of gastric polypoid lesion in the pathology examination, including the type of lesion, anatomical location and size along with gender and age was recorded in SPSS software version 16. Data analysis were run through Chi – square test, t test and ANOVA.
Results: In this study, 52% of the patients were in the age group of 50-69 years. The most frequency was related to the female sex (67.6%), the most common lesions were hyperplastic polyp (56.9%) and polypoid gastritis (17.6%).The most common location of lesions was antrum (35.3% ) and the lowest prevalence was fundus (11.8%). Most polypoid lesions of the stomach were 5-9 mm in size. The results showed that different types of lesions differed significantly in size (P=0.019) and there was no significant relationship between age group and type of lesion (P=0.418), sex and type of lesion (P=0.053).
Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is concluded that the most common type of gastric polyoid lesion is hyperplastic polyp and the most common location is the antrum. The largest polyp is inflammatory fibroid polyp.
The effectiveness of textual structural factors on students' reading comprehension in English language course
Authors: Ferdosipour Atefeh 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to study and compare the effectiveness of educational text variables on the reading comprehension in English language course of Islamic Azad University students. The sample group consisted of students studying in East Tehran Branch who were selected by random sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental groups after random sampling. The instruments utilized were Texts and a Questionnaire for Comprehension. The texts included nine textual educational variables with similar content. An unrelated raw text was used to construct the text, and then the educational variables were used for each project according to the goals of the project. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis. The findings of this study did not confirm the effectiveness of text type on students' reading comprehension.
Keywords:Educational variables; reading comprehension; text; text organization; English language course; university students.
Using gardner's multiple intelligences to develop students' notetaking techniques for literature review at foreign language teaching
Authors: Ghounane Nadia 
Published: March 2022

To take notes, students need to develop their thinking skills which can help them to improve their writings. The current research aims to test students’ use of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory (MIT) to develop their thinking and writing skills, primarily the use of the notetaking technique in writing the literature review section. The researcher aimed at including Gardner’s linguistic intelligence in academic writing, mainly dissertation writing. To this end, the researcher selected 39 foreign language teaching (EFL) Master Students for the experiment. The researcher employed a pretest and a posttest to check and evaluate students’ use of the notetaking technique. The findings revealed that teachers could integrate Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory in the EFL context. The results also showed that students tend to employ the first intelligence to develop their writing skills and improve the use of notetaking techniques in writing the literature review section. The analysis indicated that students were more motivated to use thinking techniques in writing rather than traditional methods.
Keywords: EFL; Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence; literature review writing; notetaking technique; reading strategies.
Advanced Software Features to Enable Smart Downhole Valve and Sleeve Shifting Operation
Authors: Li Jisheng , Hu Yang , Mauchien Thomas , Yang Xuedong , Laplane Clement , Woods Richard , Olivio Amanda Niazi , Durand Ben 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In conventional wireline intervention shifting service, the success of the operation is heavily dependent on the engineer’s experience and knowledge. Any error in judgement in the process of the operation could lead to nonproductive time or even total failure. Once the operation is completed, the post-job processing and report preparation also require significant manual effort and are extremely time consuming, which often leads to an inadequate or incomplete report. These challenges are addressed by advanced surface acquisition software. The aim of the surface software is to redefine the selective shifting workflow by leveraging the available instrumentation, streamlining and simplifying operation procedures, eliminating or reducing typical human errors, and greatly reducing the burden on the field engineers for post-job deliverables with automated real-time data collection, processing, and report generation.
Re-Establishing Reservoir Isolation During Deepwater US Gulf of Mexico Riserless Light Well Intervention With a Wireless Barrier Verification System
Authors: Brooks Charles , Bruce Thomas , Stein Arild , Garzon Francisco , Boardley Nick , Sierra Juan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP) due to integrity concerns on a deepwater subsea producer in US GoM required the operator to isolate the reservoir. During a previous intervention, an R-nipple plug & prong had been installed and tested to isolate the reservoir pressure. Within six months after the plug installation, tubing and annulus pressure began increasing, indicating fluid was leaking past the plug & prong. As a result, the well required a new barrier with an additional integrity verification method.
A V0 rated Medium Expansion Retrievable Bridge Plug (ME) was chosen to remediate the SCP. The ME was conveyed open water on E-Line, via a Riserless Light Well Intervention vessel. The operator performed extensive testing to confirm the integrity of the new barrier, relying on a novel Barrier Verification System (BVS) to wirelessly transmit pressure data from below the ME. This technology allowed barrier testing to be performed while directly monitoring pressure on either side of the ME. A second barrier was established by setting another ME, using data from the DHPGs for integrity verification.
The distinguishing factor of this intervention was utilizing the barrier verification system to confirm barrier integrity. The BVS allowed the pressure differential across the plug to be read at surface in real-time. During the positive pressure test, the BVS readings showed that additional pressure had to be applied to achieve the required differential across the ME. During the twelve-hour extended inflow test, pressure on the BVS gauge below the ME gradually increased. This pressure signature confirmed that the SCP was due to fluid leaking across the previously installed R-profile plug. Based on these results, the operator concluded the R-profile plug was likely impaired during its original pressure test, but the leak rate had been too low to detect in the pressure test. The ability of the BVS to monitor the pressure beneath the ME confirmed that the ME was holding pressure in both directions, and this data provided additional verification that the ME had successfully isolated the reservoir. Thus, the BVS assured the operator that the ME would prevent further SCP on the well.
The BVS provided comprehensive downhole barrier verification that exceeded the operator’s isolation standards as well as the regulator’s. As a result, the operator now has the assurance they will not have to return to the well until it is time to plug and abandon.
This GoM job was performed with web-based execution and remote monitoring from the product technical support team in Norway, giving extra confidence to the novel technology in this high-profile operation.
Coiled Tubing Premature Failure – The Effects of Pressure and Strain
Authors: Bunge Jorge Martin , Coloschi Mariano , Cravero Sebastian , Valdez Martin , Reichert Bruce , Grimaldo Carmen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new type of coiled tubing (CT) failure mechanism has appeared in the past four years. The failures occur in CT strings used for frac plug milling in extended reach horizontal wells. Although significant effort has been put into understanding these failures in the past several years, the mechanism that leads to them is still not well understood. Different hypotheses have been discussed among the industry, like the impact the use of extended reach tools (ERT) have on the low cycle fatigue performance of the CT [1] [2] [3]. The objective of this paper is to further investigate possible causes for these failures focusing on the analysis of the effects of circulating pressure and strain on the mechanical properties of the CT that could eventually contribute to a premature failure.
Interventions in Challenging Low Pressure Horizontal Producers with Known Casing Deformation: A Case Study Comparing Conveyance Methods for Successful Installation of Toe Gas Lift Systems
Authors: Heikkinen Christopher J. , Niemi Kyle C. , White Matt L. , Meador Trevor J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of intervention/workover operations from a nine-well pad in the Montney formation, in British Columbia, Canada. The operational objective was to land artificial lift near the toe of each wellbore. Several conveyance methods were evaluated, and jointed pipe was ultimately selected. This paper highlights key learnings gathered throughout the operation. Outputs from real-time Electronic Drilling Recorder (EDR) data are included and contrasted with other intervention methods.
Torque and drag simulations showed the desired depth was achievable using offset friction factors that were calibrated using coiled tubing conveyance during initial post-frac plug drillout operations. Jointed pipe intervention was selected to reduce uncertainty and understand limitations of installing artificial lift at depths near the toe of a low-pressure wellbore with known casing deformation. A telescopic-double workover rig package was utilized throughout operations along with rig-assisted snubbing on early wells where surface pressure existed. A confirmation run was made using a mock assembly to gauge reach capabilities prior to running the final assembly.
Overall, the program was a success with seven of nine wells achieving 85% lateral coverage. Major scope changes were encountered on Wells 1 and 2, requiring sixteen and nine days to complete, respectively, and a stuck pipe event on Well 6 will be discussed. Key challenges include sub-optimal bottomhole assembly selection, poor circulating efficiencies, variable subnormal bottomhole pressure, and casing deformation. Real-time hook load data correlated to the Torque and Drag model. However, observed torque was significantly higher than presented by the model. This is suspected to have been caused by micro-tortuosity and localized doglegs.
Despite challenges on several wells, key optimizations were quickly implemented to accelerate the learning curve towards ultimate positive economic results.
Learning how to select the right conveyance method based off changing well conditions is a key driver in minimizing risk, optimizing profitability, and maximizing the chance of success. Learnings and results from this nine-well program will provide a framework for success in future jointed pipe interventions.
New Torque Balancing Algorithm Improves Pulling Force and Speed With Wireline Electro-Mechanical Tractor
Authors: Michael Heaney Francis , L. Lee Matthew , Gupta Sudhir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The electro-mechanical eline tractor introduced in 2019 (Lee et al. 2019) has completed over 120 jobs. As discussed in the paper, one of the unique technology drivers was high tractoring speed to improve intervention efficiency. The tractor has several runs where the average rate exceeded 100 feet per minute and one job at 115 feet per minute over a 2900 ft lateral section. An additional attribute was the surface readout (SRO) telemetry and sensor data that proved invaluable in assessing tool performance, and specifically downhole tractor traction.
Initial deployment of the electro-hydraulic eline tractor uses an active traction control system primarily based on wheel speed. During the evaluation of the SRO data, including wheel torque, wheel speed, downhole tension, relative bearing, inclination, and CCL, it was apparent that the variance in the wheel torques values was higher on longer lateral sections expected. This inconsistency in torque was unexpected and suggested possible wheel slippage. The CCL helped confirm that the tractor wasn't traveling the expected distance between casing joints and supported a wheel slippage scenario. Interestingly, monitoring the winch operation and reducing the hold back line tension, muted wheel slippage on several runs. Unfortunately, it was not a consistent control as it was both well trajectory and winch operator dependent. Even a qualified winch operator's attention to detail can wane on long lateral sections, which can cause wheel slip. Noting the ladder would be a challenging key performance measurement to accurately control an engineered solution was developed to improve tractor traction.
Armed with a large sensor data suite from previous runs, engineers adopted a completely new active feedback traction control system. The new philosophy undertaken provides a weighting measure for wheel speed and torque, downhole tension, and the electrical power drawn by each tractor section. The DC motors used on the electro-mechanical tractor have individual programmable high-speed motor controllers allowing for a precise feedback loop called"GripPro." Test track results showed this new traction algorithm not only minimized wheel slippage but improved the power-sharing equalization, which allowed for continuous downhole tractor force to be increased by 25%. SRO field data highlighted a much smoother deployment with both speed and torque laying over on all wheels and no large power swings when the tractor encountered sections of increased downhole force due to a dog leg change. On the longer laterals, the symmetry of speed & torque allowed the tractor to travel without increased power demands and offered a satisfactory deployment even when the winch operator wasn't consistent while running in the lateral section.
Pushing the Boundaries by Completing the First ESP Replacement, Sand Screen Deployment and Sandstone Stimulation Operation with Rpm-Based Diverter Deployed on Hydraulic Workover from an Offshore Platform in Brunei
Authors: Dulam Mel , Lim Chee Chong Brian , Muslim Dzaieznny , Chacon Alejandro , Palappetta Rakesh , Larez Frank , Learmonth Steven Jack , Yong Yee Tzen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electrical submersible pump (ESP) changeover operations have been a staple job type for Hydraulic Workover (HWO) operations worldwide for a significant amount of time, evidencing the great efficiency provided by the smaller footprint and quicker overall setup times. However, this well also included a stimulation requirement which is not common at all when coupled with HWO interventions, and which required a very careful design due to the constraints posed by the intervention sequence.
This paper showcases the versatility and interaction of the HWO unit to remove the existing pump following a sand screen failure, run a 4 ½″ insert screen inside the existing 7″ screen, stimulate the formation with a customized mud acid recipe and the installation of a new ESP without shutting the production from the rest of the wells in the platform. The stimulation operation required a very thorough design since the acid would remain in the formation for over 7 days while the rest of the sequences were completed, which had to minimize the risk of the secondary and tertiary reactions’ negative effects to increase the production from the well after the overall intervention was completed. Complimentary to the operation, the job was performed with support from a dynamically positioned (DP-2) vessel and a modular crane for efficient rig-up.