bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of interparticle neck size on initiation of selective laser flash sintering of 8‐YSZ
Authors: Hagen Deborah , Beaman Joseph J. , Kovar Desiderio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe influence of the interparticle neck radius to particle size ratio (X/R) on the laser energy required to initiate selective laser flash sintering (SLFS) in 8% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8‐YSZ) is investigated. The interparticle neck radius ratio (X/R) is varied by pre‐sintering powder compacts at temperatures ranging from 850°C to 1250°C to produce compacts with calculated X/R = 0–0.62. Experiments show that the onset laser energy to initiate SLFS initially decreases with X/R until X/R = 0.066, when the onset laser energy reaches a minimum. As X/R increases beyond 0.066, the onset laser energy increases. Finite element modeling is used to calculate the local current density and temperature in the neck region when SLFS initiates. When interparticle necks are small, the current density and Joule heating are substantially elevated near necks, resulting in a relatively low laser onset energy required for incipient current flow. When the interparticle neck size is increased, the laser onset energy for incipient current flow is increased because Joule heating in the neck region is lower, but locally high current density spreads into the interior of the particles more quickly with larger necks. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of both SLFS and furnace‐based flash sintering.
Exclusive breastfeeding in African American women: A concept analysis
Authors: Aderibigbe Oluwatumilara , Lucas Ruth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in African American women.BackgroundEBF is the gold standard for infant nutrition from birth until 6 months. The rate of EBF in United States is low—26%, with African American women having the lowest rates. The low rates of EBF in this population are strongly attributed to bias, racism and generational trauma. Therefore, clarifying the concept of EBF with respect to these factors is important for promoting EBF rates of this population.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesSearch was conducted in four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus) for articles published between 2001 and 2021. A total of 30 articles (20 quantitative, seven qualitative and three mixed methods) clarified the concept. Relevant literature emanated from diverse disciplines examining historical and present maternal and infant health.MethodsConcept analysis using Rodger's evolutionary method.ResultsAn operational definition of the concept of EBF in African American women was developed from the identified antecedents (modifiable and non‐modifiable), defining attributes and consequences of the concept. Access to breastfeeding resources, maternal (prenatal intention to breastfeed, smoking status, attitude towards breastfeeding), infant (skin‐to‐skin care, successful latching and weight) and contextual factors (socioeconomic, occupational and cultural) predict EBF. The primary attributes of EBF were physiological, physical, psychological and relational. Consequences of EBF were positive health outcomes for, and increased bonding between, mother and infant.ConclusionThis concept analysis is the first identifying modifiable and non‐modifiable antecedents of EBF. The analysis provides an operational definition for EBF in African American women which is useful to promote understanding of breastfeeding. This new concept examines the historic societal trauma associated with wet nursing and reframes breastfeeding as a positive maternal and infant health behaviour.
A theory‐driven exercise intervention among community‐dwelling (pre)frail older adults: Protocol for a stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Qiao Xiaoxia , Ji Lili , Jin Yaru , Si Huaxin , Bian Yanhui , Wang Wenyu , Liu Qinqin , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Cuili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory‐driven exercise intervention for Chinese community‐dwelling (pre)frail older adults, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the exercise intervention in this population.DesignA stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized trial.MethodsA stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized trial will be conducted among (pre)frail older adults at six communities in a county of central China. A 12‐week multicomponent exercise intervention based on the integration of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) will be implemented to all participants during the study period. The primary outcomes are frailty, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Secondary outcomes include beliefs in exercise, exercise behaviours and other physical, mental and social functioning. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and at week 12, 24 and 36. A multilevel regression model will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions. A multilevel mediation model will be used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this exercise intervention.DiscussionThis study is expected to provide an effective and practical mode for exercise interventions among Chinese community‐dwelling (pre)frail older adults, and contribute to the existing evidence in this field.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100041981.
Public Attitude and Opinion Leaders: Mapping Chinese Discussion of EU's Energy Role on Social Media
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Peinan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe EU and China are both pioneers in energy transition and are major energy consumers. However, we know little about the attitude of the Chinese public toward EU's energy role or EU–China energy cooperation. The paper contributes to the study of relationship between agenda‐setting and public opinion in the context of Chinese social media. Using empirical data, it finds that energy cooperation, energy trading, energy politics, and energy technology&service are the four co‐occurrence networks of Chinese public discussion on the topic. Yet the opinion leaders differ on these issues. While verified media accounts are key opinion leaders setting the agenda in EU energy politics and trade issues, in energy technology and service issues, verified individual accounts lead opinions. The study helps understand the role of online opinion leaders in EU–China energy relations and argues that key opinion leaders need to play more active roles in communicating the issues and guiding public discussions.
Absence of dynamic neural oscillatory response to environmental conditions marks childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , Fearey Margaret , Peisch Virginia , Levin April R. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrior research suggests that symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related neurodevelopmental disorders may derive from alterations in the brain's ability to flexibly tune the balance between information integration and segregation and global versus local processing. This balance allows the brain to optimally filter salient stimuli in the environment and can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG) via calculation of the aperiodic spectral slope. A steeper aperiodic slope increases the capacity of global neural networks to process low‐salience stimuli, while a flatter aperiodic slope reflects an emphasis on local neural networks that respond preferentially to high‐salience input. Although aperiodic slope differences have been reported in ADHD, prior studies have not accounted for differing levels of stimulus input in experimental paradigms. There is evidence to suggest that dynamic shifts in neural oscillation patterns in response to changing environmental conditions could be critical for attention regulation.MethodsUsing high‐density resting EEG, we measured aperiodic spectral slope during low contrast (lights off) and high contrast (lights on) environmental conditions in a sample of 88 7–11‐year‐old children diagnosed with ADHD and 29 controls (30% female).ResultsWhile controls showed a flatter aperiodic slope during the high contrast (lights on) as compared to low contrast (lights off) environmental condition, children with ADHD did not show any change in aperiodic slope across conditions.ConclusionsThis study presents a novel etiological model of biological mechanisms associated with ADHD. Children with ADHD show suboptimal modulation of intrinsic neural activity in response to changing environmental input. The dynamic spectral slope is a promising candidate biomarker for ADHD. The possibility that dynamic spectral slope is associated with cognitive‐behavioral regulation more broadly merits further investigation.
Aggressive corticotroph tumors and carcinomas
Authors: Lasolle Hélène , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Ilie Mirela Diana , Raverot Gérald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPituitary tumors are generally benign, although in rare cases aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) and carcinomas present important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and are associated with a high mortality rate. Almost half of these APTs and carcinomas are corticotroph tumors, suggesting a specific prognosis. Clinical, pathological and molecular prognostic markers are limited and do not allow early management of these tumors. Temozolomide remains the first‐line treatment once a diagnosis of aggressive pituitary tumor or carcinoma has been made. Novel alternative treatments exist, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, which can be used in the case of temozolomide treatment failure. The aim of this review is to present the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of aggressive corticotroph tumors and carcinomas, and to describe the results obtained with currently available treatments.
Inflammatory immune‐mediated adverse reactions induced by COVID‐19 vaccines in previously injected patients with soft tissue fillers: A case series of 20 patients
Authors: Alijotas‐Reig Jaume , García‐GImenez Victor , Velthuis Peter J. , Niessen Frank B. , Decates Tom S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdverse events (AE) after COVID‐19 vaccines, particularly, but not solely, with those messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based vaccines, have rarely been reported in patients previously treated with dermal fillers (DF).ObjectiveTo evaluate the morphology, clinical characteristics, the timing of presentation, and outcomes of inflammatory AE appeared in patients injected with DF, after anti‐COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsDescriptive study of a case series of 20 consecutive patients collected after the occurrence of AE in previously filled areas post COVID‐19 vaccination.ResultsFrom January 2021 to July 2021, we analyzed 20 AE reactions triggered by COVID‐19 vaccines in the previously mentioned cohort. They were vaccinated with Pfizer/Biontech (11; 55%), Moderna (5; 25%), Astra‐Zeneca (3; 15%), and Sputnik (1; 5%). The most common manifestations were oedema/swelling, angioedema, erythema, skin induration, and granuloma. Less common reactions included myalgia and lymphadenopathy. In 13/20 (65%) cases, the AE appeared after the first dose of vaccine. These inflammatory AE appeared more rapidly after the second dose than after the first one. In 13/20 (65%) cases, the symptomatology subsided with anti‐inflammatory/antihistaminic drugs, while spontaneously in 3/20 (15%). The manifestations are ongoing.in the remaining four cases (20%).ConclusionAlthough probably rare, both RNA‐based and adenovirus‐based anti‐COVID‐19 vaccines can cause inflammatory bouts in patients previously treated with DF. In these cases, caution should be paid on subsequent vaccine doses, considering a tailored risk/benefit for any case before next vaccination.
Algorithm proposal for hair transplantation in fibrosing alopecia pattern distributidon
Authors: Gómez‐Zubiaur Alba , Valenzuela Cristian , Andrés‐Lencina Juan José , Rodríguez‐Villa Ana , Ricart Jose MarÍa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFibrosing alopecia pattern distribution (FAPD) is a recently described disease, wherein the clinical, trichoscopic, and histologic characteristics of non‐scarring alopecia, such as androgenic alopecia, and lichenoid inflammatory cicatricial alopecia are reported. The lack of uniformity in the diagnostic criteria can result in FAPD overdiagnosis. The characteristic findings of loss of follicular openings on trichoscopy and fibrosis on histopathology are crucial, as they are necessary to diagnose cicatricial inflammatory lichenoid alopecias. Â Hair transplantation in FAPD can be controversial. The scarce publications in this realm do not reach a clear consensus in favor or against the surgical approach. Thus, the presence of histological lichenoid inflammatory infiltrates could make this therapeutic option less suitable. There have been few reports on hair transplantation in other lymphocytic lichenoid inflammatory alopecias, such as lichen planus pilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) Â Based on those data, an algorithm for the indication of hair transplantation in FAPD is proposed. The algorithm optimizes the results of the treatment and achieves the greatest coverage of the alopecic area.
Efficacy of low‐fluence 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser for the treatment of melasma: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chen Jiaoquan , Yu Nanji , Peng Liqian , Li Huaping , Tang Yi , Ou Shanshan , Zhu Huilan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is considered as a type of acquired facial pigmentary disorder that is challenging to treat. Low‐fluence 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser (LQSNY) has clinical benefits against melasma; however, there are some disputes.ObjectiveTo explore these contentious views, we conducted a meta‐analysis and systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LQSNY monotherapy and combined therapy for the treatment of melasma.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles from inception to July 2021. The resulting data were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 software.ResultsTwelve eligible studies comprising 358 patients were included. No significant differences in melasma area and severity index (MASI) were observed between the LQSNY and drug groups (mean difference (MD):−0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI):−1.16–0.64, p = 0.57). We found that combination therapy with LQSNY and drugs had a greater MASI improvement compared with LQSNY therapy alone (MD: 1.78, 95% CI 0.93–2.63, p < 0.0001); nevertheless, no statistically significant results were found in melanin index (MI) and self‐assessment. The melasma improvement was similar when using LQSNY alone and LQSNY combined with other lasers in terms of RMASI (MD 0.05, 95% CI:−0.61, 0.70, p = 0.56). Compared with intense pulsed light (IPL) alone, LQSNY with IPL provided an added benefit for melasma severity (MD:3.23, 95% CI:0.65–5.81, p = 0.01).ConclusionLow‐fluence 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser can be applied as an alternative treatment for drug intolerance. Combination therapy with LQSNY and drugs or other lasers may have pleasantly surprising efficacy, but numerous studies are still needed to verify this.
Effect of statins combined or not combined with metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miao Keyan , Zhou Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of statins combined or not combined with metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsDatabases were systematically searched from inception to February 2022. Meta‐analysis was conducted by using STATA 12.0 software. In the study, standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed as the effect size. A random effect model was used.ResultsMeta‐analysis showed significant decline of total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone (LH), LH to follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and prolactin in statin group. Our study also demonstrated significant decline of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in statin group. Moreover, we found significant decline of fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity index, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis showed that statin therapy was good for women with PCOS, and could improve clinical signs of PCOS.
Black–White disparities in nuclear family trajectories and parents' postsecondary transfers to adult children
Authors: Amorim Mariana , Deming Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses a life course perspective to investigate Black–White disparities in how nuclear family structures (i.e., parents' romantic union statuses and coresidential arrangements with children) are linked with postsecondary financial transfers.BackgroundIn the United States, both parents' nuclear family experiences and postsecondary transfers are stratified along racial lines. Prior research suggests that racial disparities in nuclear family experiences, however, are not key drivers of the gap in parental postsecondary transfers. The small role that nuclear family structure plays in shaping the Black–White gap in postsecondary transfers may result from heterogeneity in the consequences of such structures across racial groups, though this heterogeneity remains untested.MethodUsing the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics (https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/) and sequence analysis techniques, this study documents seven common family trajectories experienced by American parents (N = 7289). It employs two‐part models to assess whether the association between parents' trajectories and the likelihood/magnitude of postsecondary transfers differs for Black and White parents.ResultsResults suggest that White parents who are continuously in two‐biological‐parent families or who experience long‐term re‐partnering are more likely to make postsecondary transfers than Black parents in similar family trajectories. These racial disparities, however, disappear when parents experience trajectories marked by singlehood or nonresidence with children.ConclusionsNuclear family structures matter less for structuring transfers for Black parents in part because gains from romantic partnerships are concentrated among Whites. Implications for reproductions of racial inequalities are discussed.
American Indian Traditions and Religious Ethics
Authors: Waters James W. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTTheJournal of Religious Ethicshas published only two full‐length articles focusing on American Indian religious ethics in the last decade. This may signal that the field is uneasy about integrating American Indian religious ethics into its broader discourse. To fill this research lacuna and take a step toward normalizing religious‐ethical engagement with American Indian ethics, this article argues that the field needs an intentionally anticolonial, self‐aware approach to understanding American Indian religious ethics—one that decenters methods and approaches that may facilitate the analysis of Christian texts, groups, and phenomena, yet limit insights into the religious‐moral beliefs and practices of Native Americans. The article first shows examples of how religious‐ethical methods, definitions, and epistemological starting points can obfuscate rich and accurate understandings of Native American religious‐ethical systems and phenomena. Next, it turns to historical and anthropological studies and Native American philosophy and ethics to outline an interdisciplinary framework for integrating American Indian traditions into the discourses of religious ethics.
Melatonin and andrographolide synergize to inhibit the colospheroid phenotype by targeting Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling
Authors: Sokolov Daniil , Sharda Neha , Giri Banabihari , Hassan Md Sazzad , Singh Damandeep , Tarasiewicz Agnieszka , Lohr Charity , von Holzen Urs , Kristian Tibor , Waddell Jaylyn , Reiter Russel J. , Ahmed Hafiz , Banerjee Aditi 
Published: May 2022

Abstractβ‐catenin signaling, and angiogenesis are associated with colospheroid (CSC), development. CSCs, spheroids derived from colon cancer cells, are responsible for metastasis, drug resistance, and disease recurrence. Whether dysregulating β‐catenin and inhibiting angiogenesis reduce CSC growth is unknown. In this study, the molecular mechanism of CSC growth inhibition was evaluated using a novel combination of melatonin (MLT) and andrographolide (AGP). These drugs have anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and antimetastatic properties. CSCs were obtained from two metastatic colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and HCT‐15). The viability and stemness were monitored (FDA propidium iodide staining and immunoblot for CD44, CD133, Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4). The drug combination synergistically diminished stemness via increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level. MLT + AGP induced cell death by inhibiting β‐catenin expression and its downregulatory signals, Cyclin D1, c‐Myc. MLT + AGP treated cells exhibited translocation of phospho‐β‐catenin to the nucleus and dephosphorylated‐β‐catenin. Downregulation of β‐catenin activation and its transcription factors (TCF4 and LEF1) and GTP binding/G‐protein related activity were found in the dual therapy. Angiogenic inhibition is consistent with downregulation of VEGF messenger RNA transcripts (VEGF189), phosphorylated VEGF receptor protein expression, matrigel invasion, and capillary tube inhibition. In vivo, the intravenous injection of MLT + AGP slowed HT29 metastatic colon cancer. Histopathology indicated significant reduction in microvascular density and tumor index. Immunohistochemistry for caspase 7, and β‐catenin found increased apoptosis and downregulation of β‐catenin signals. The mechanism(s) of decreased colospheroids growth were the inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Our results provide a rationale for using MLT in combination with AGP for the inhibition of CRCs.
Three months of melatonin treatment reduces insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes—A randomized placebo‐controlled crossover trial
Authors: Lauritzen Esben S. , Kampmann Ulla , Pedersen Mette G. B. , Christensen Lise‐Lotte , Jessen Niels , Møller Niels , Støy Julie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of the sleep‐promoting hormone melatonin is rapidly increasing as an assumed safe sleep aid. During the last decade, accumulating observations suggest that melatonin affects glucose homeostasis, but the precise role remains to be defined. We investigated the metabolic effects of long‐term melatonin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes including determinations of insulin sensitivity and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. We used a double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover design. Seventeen male participants with type 2 diabetes completed (1) 3 months of daily melatonin treatment (10 mg) 1 h before bedtime (M) and (2) 3 months of placebo treatment 1 h before bedtime (P). At the end of each treatment period, insulin secretion was assessed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.3 g/kg) (IVGTT) and insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp (insulin infusion rate 1.5 mU/kg/min) (primary endpoints). Insulin sensitivity decreased after melatonin (3.6 [2.9–4.4] vs. 4.1 [3.2–5.2] mg/(kg × min), p = .016). During the IVGTT, the second‐phase insulin response was increased after melatonin (p = .03). In conclusion, melatonin treatment of male patients with type 2 diabetes for 3 months decreased insulin sensitivity by 12%. Clinical use of melatonin treatment in dosages of 10 mg should be reserved for conditions where the benefits will outweigh the potential negative impact on insulin sensitivity.