bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of shock index variants on 30-day mortality of trauma patients in helicopter emergency medical services: a nationwide observational retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Iirola Timo , Björkman Johannes , Laaksonen Mikael , Nurmi Jouni 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe original shock index (SI) has been further developed to increase its prognostic value. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of different SI variants on 30-day mortality among severely injured trauma patients in pre-hospital critical care settings. Adult trauma patients in the national Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) registry were evaluated based on the primary outcome of 30-day mortality. SI, SIA (SI multiplied by age), SI/G (SI divided by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)), SIA/G (SI multiplied by age and divided by GCS), and SS (SI divided by oxygen saturation) were calculated based on the first vital signs measured at the time of HEMS contact. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was calculated for each SI variant. In total 4108 patients were included in the study. The overall 30-day mortality was 13.5%. The SIA/G and SI/G had the highest predictive ability (AUROC 0.884 [95% CI 0.869–0.899] and 0.8000 [95% CI 0.7780–0.8239], respectively). The SIA/G yielded good predictive performance between 30-day survivors and non-survivors in the pre-hospital critical care setting.
Removal of benzene, MTBE and toluene from contaminated waters using biochar-based liquid activated carbon
Authors: Alshahrani F. , Tawabini B. , Saleh T. , Alrayaan M. , Alaama S. , Nasser R. , Soupios P. , Kirmizakis P. , Mahmoud M. , Oyehan T. , Safi E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFuel components such as benzene, toluene, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) are frequently detected pollutants in groundwater resources. Ex-situ remediation technologies by activated carbon have been used for treatment for many years. However, due to high cost of these technology, more attention has been given to the in-situ remediation methods of contaminated groundwaters using liquid carbon adsorbents. Literature search showed limited studies on using adsorbents in liquid form for the removal of such contaminants. Therefore, this lab-scale study investigates the capacity of using raw biochar-based liquid activated carbon and iron-modified biochar-based liquid activated carbon to remove these pollutants. The adsorption efficiency of the synthesized liquid activated carbon and iron-modified liquid activated carbon mixed with sand, limestone, and 1:1 mixture of sand/limestone, was tested using batch suspension experiments. Adsorption by granular activated carbon was also investigated for comparison with liquid activated carbon. Results of the study revealed that mixing of liquid activated carbon or LAC-Fe on subsurface materials had not improved the removal efficiency of MTBE. At the same time, it showed a slight improvement in the adsorption efficiency of benzene and toluene. In all cases, the removal by GAC was higher with around 80% and 90% for MTBE and BT, respectively. Results also showed that benzene and toluene were better removed by liquid activated carbon and iron-modified liquid activated carbon (∼ 40%) than MTBE (∼ 20%). It is also found that water chemistry (i.e., salinity and pH) had insignificant effects on the removal efficiency of pollutants under the study conditions. It can be concluded that more research is needed to improve the capacity of biochar-based liquid-activated carbon in removing MTBE, benzene and toluene compounds that will lead to improve the utilization of liquid activated carbon for the in-situ remediation of contaminated groundwaters.
Identification of Ribonuclease 6 as an immunoinflammatory key gene associated with the glomerular injury in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Tongyi , Wang Yanmei , Zhu Chan , Yang Yunjiao , Long Cong , Chen Qiu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis of the disease has not been elucidated. While the immunoinflammatory response plays an essential role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular expression dataset in diabetic nephropathy was obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes were identified and functional enrichment analysis was performed to find genes associated with immunity and inflammation from them. The hub genes of immunoinflammatory were identified using MCODE after establishing the PPI network and gene expression was verified with diabetic nephropathy model rats. Xcell was used to assign immune cells to diabetic nephropathy glomerular samples to detect significant changes in immune cells and to analyze correlations with the hub gene. We found 120 DEGs associated with immunity and inflammation, Ribonuclease 6 was the Hub gene with the highest MCODE score. Xcell analysis revealed significant changes of immune cells in DN glomeruli, including upregulated Activated DCs, Conventional DCs, CD4+ Tem, Epithelial cells, Macrophages, Macrophages M1, and Memory B-cells. RNase6 expression showed the highest positive correlation with Macrophages M1, Activated DCs, and Conventional DCs. We verified through the Nephroseq v5 database that RNase6 expression was elevated in DN glomeruli and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate. Animal studies revealed that the kidney of DN model rats showed increased RNase6 expression together with inflammatory factor TNF-alpha and chemokine MCP-1. Our study identified RNase6 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and found that it may play an essential role in the immunoinflammatory damage to the glomerulus.
2D materials-based nanoscale tunneling field effect transistors: current developments and future prospects
Authors: Kanungo Sayan , Ahmad Gufran , Sahatiya Parikshit , Mukhopadhyay Arnab , Chattopadhyay Sanatan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe continuously intensifying demand for high-performance and miniaturized semiconductor devices has pushed the aggressive downscaling of field-effect transistors (FETs) design. However, the detrimental short-channel effects and the fundamental limit on the sub-threshold swing (SS) in FET have led to a drastic increase in static and dynamic power consumption. The operational limit of nanoscale transistors motivates the exploration of post-CMOS devices like Tunnel FET (TFET), having steeper SS and immunity toward short channel effects. Thus the field of nanoscale 2D-TFET has gained compelling attention in recent times. The nanoscale TFET, with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials, has shown a significant improvement in terms of higher on-state current and lower sub-threshold swing. In this context, the review presented here has comprehensively covered the gradual development and present state-of-arts in the field of nanoscale 2D-TFET design. The relative merits and demerits of each class of 2D materials are identified, which sheds light on the specific design challenges associated with individual 2D materials. Subsequently, the potential device/material co-optimization strategies for the development of efficient TFET designs are highlighted. Next, the experimental development in 2D-TFET design is discussed, and specific synthesis/fabrication challenges for individual material systems are indicated. Finally, an extensive comparative performance study is presented between the simulated as well as experimentally reported potential 2D materials and state-of-the-art bulk material-based TFETs.
Identification of fungal lignocellulose-degrading biocatalysts secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium via activity-based protein profiling
Authors: Schmerling Christian , Sewald Leonard , Heilmann Geronimo , Witfeld Frederick , Begerow Dominik , Jensen Kenneth , Bräsen Christopher , Kaschani Farnusch , Overkleeft Herman S. , Siebers Bettina , Kaiser Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActivity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a versatile biochemical method for studying enzyme activity under various physiological conditions, with applications so far mainly in biomedicine. Here, we show the potential of ABPP in the discovery of biocatalysts from the thermophilic and lignocellulose-degrading white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. By employing a comparative ABPP-based functional screen, including a direct profiling of wood substrate-bound enzymes, we identify those lignocellulose-degrading carbohydrate esterase (CE1 and CE15) and glycoside hydrolase (GH3, GH5, GH16, GH17, GH18, GH25, GH30, GH74 and GH79) enzymes specifically active in presence of the substrate. As expression of fungal enzymes remains challenging, our ABPP-mediated approach represents a preselection procedure for focusing experimental efforts on the most promising biocatalysts. Furthermore, this approach may also allow the functional annotation of domains-of-unknown functions (DUFs). The ABPP-based biocatalyst screening described here may thus allow the identification of active enzymes in a process of interest and the elucidation of novel biocatalysts that share no sequence similarity to known counterparts.
Sulfur amino acid supplementation displays therapeutic potential in a C. elegans model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ellwood Rebecca A. , Slade Luke , Lewis Jonathan , Torregrossa Roberta , Sudevan Surabhi , Piasecki Mathew , Whiteman Matthew , Etheridge Timothy , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a common muscle disease that manifests with muscle weakness, wasting, and degeneration. An emerging theme in DMD pathophysiology is an intramuscular deficit in the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Here we show that the C. elegans DMD model displays reduced levels of H2S and expression of genes required for sulfur metabolism. These reductions can be offset by increasing bioavailability of sulfur containing amino acids (L-methionine, L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, L-glutathione, and L-taurine), augmenting healthspan primarily via improved calcium regulation, mitochondrial structure and delayed muscle cell death. Additionally, we show distinct differences in preservation mechanisms between sulfur amino acid vs H2S administration, despite similarities in required health-preserving pathways. Our results suggest that the H2S deficit in DMD is likely caused by altered sulfur metabolism and that modulation of this pathway may improve DMD muscle health via multiple evolutionarily conserved mechanisms.
Complexity of modular neuromuscular control increases and variability decreases during human locomotor development
Authors: Sylos-Labini Francesca , La Scaleia Valentina , Cappellini Germana , Dewolf Arthur , Fabiano Adele , Solopova Irina A. , Mondì Vito , Ivanenko Yury , Lacquaniti Francesco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen does modular control of locomotion emerge during human development? One view is that modularity is not innate, being learnt over several months of experience. Alternatively, the basic motor modules are present at birth, but are subsequently reconfigured due to changing brain-body-environment interactions. One problem in identifying modular structures in stepping infants is the presence of noise. Here, using both simulated and experimental muscle activity data from stepping neonates, infants, preschoolers, and adults, we dissect the influence of noise, and identify modular structures in all individuals, including neonates. Complexity of modularity increases from the neonatal stage to adulthood at multiple levels of the motor infrastructure, from the intrinsic rhythmicity measured at the level of individual muscles activities, to the level of muscle synergies and of bilateral intermuscular network connectivity. Low complexity and high variability of neuromuscular signals attest neonatal immaturity, but they also involve potential benefits for learning locomotor tasks.
Aqueous alteration of the Vastitas Borealis Formation at the Tianwen-1 landing site
Authors: Liu Changqing , Ling Zongcheng , Wu Zhongchen , Zhang Jiang , Chen Jian , Fu Xiaohui , Qiao Le , Liu Ping , Li Bo , Zhang Li , Xin Yanqing , Shi Erbin , Cao Haijun , Tian Shangke , Wan Sheng , Bai Hongchun , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Vastitas Borealis Formation is a Hesperian-aged sedimentary unit that mainly covers the Martian northern plains. Its environment of formation is uncertain but may be related to an ancient Martian ocean, outflow channel deposits, compaction and drainage activities, or subsurface ice-related processes. Here we investigate the geological evolution of the Vastitas Borealis Formation using geochemical and mineralogical data acquired by the Mars Surface Composition Detector on board the Zhurong rover at the Tianwen-1 landing site. We find that the fine-grained soil is very similar to the ubiquitous surface dust at other landing sites on Mars but mixed with calcium-rich and magnesium-poor local materials. These materials are mostly igneous minerals mixed with allophane and imogolite/opal and appear to have a low degree of chemical alteration. We suggest that these deposits likely formed by alteration of extensive volcaniclastic soils in limited or ephemeral water under cold conditions, which largely supports the hypotheses of a frozen ocean and sublimation.
Asynchronous responses of microbial CAZymes genes and the net CO2 exchange in alpine peatland following 5 years of continuous extreme drought events
Authors: Yan Zhongqing , Kang Enze , Zhang Kerou , Hao Yanbin , Wang Xiaodong , Li Yong , Li Meng , Wu Haidong , Zhang Xiaodong , Yan Liang , Zhang Wantong , Li Jie , Yang Ao , Niu Yuechuan , Kang Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Peatlands act as an important sink of carbon dioxide (CO2). Yet, they are highly sensitive to climate change, especially to extreme drought. The changes in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) under extreme drought events, and the driving function of microbial enzymatic genes involved in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, are still unclear. Herein we investigated the effects of extreme drought events in different periods of plant growth season at Zoige peatland on NEE and microbial enzymatic genes of SOM decomposition after 5 years. The results showed that the NEE of peatland decreased significantly by 48% and 26% on average (n = 12, P &lt; 0.05) under the early and midterm extreme drought, respectively. The microbial enzymatic genes abundance of SOM decomposition showed the same decreasing trend under early and midterm extreme drought, but an increasing trend under late extreme drought. The microbial community that contributes to these degradation genes mainly derives from Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. NEE was mainly affected by soil hydrothermal factors and gross primary productivity but weakly correlated with SOM enzymatic decomposition genes. Soil microbial respiration showed a positive correlation with microbial enzymatic genes involved in the decomposition of labile carbon (n = 18, P &lt; 0.05). This study provided new insights into the responses of the microbial decomposition potential of SOM and ecosystem CO2 sink function to extreme drought events in the alpine peatland.
Adaptive wavelet pyramid for noisy machinery fault diagnosis with multiple sensors
Authors: Tian Aosheng , Ye Zhang , Ma Chao , Chen Huiling , Zhou Shilin , Sheng Weidong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fusion of multiple monitoring sensors is crucial to improve the accuracy and robustness of machinery fault diagnosis. However, existing fault diagnosis methods may underestimate the interference of noise in the multi‐sensor fusion process, leading to unsatisfied performance. To handle this problem, this paper proposes a deep model based on the frequency adaptive wavelet pyramid. First, an adaptive frequency selection strategy is designed to prune the seriously polluted frequencies and only retain some key frequencies. Then, the self‐attention mechanism is used to perform information fusion on the selected frequency bands of different sensors. Finally, a wavelet fusion pyramid is adopted by repeating the fusion process at multiple wavelet decomposition levels. In this way, different sensors can be fused in a more fine‐grained manner. The experimental results on two multi‐sensor‐based fault diagnosis datasets demonstrate the anti‐noise capability of the proposed method.
Rich‐scale feature fusion network for salient object detection
Authors: Sun Fengming , Cui Junjie , Yuan Xia , Zhao Chunxia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFully convolutional neural networks‐based salient object detection has recently achieved great success with its performance benefits from the effective use of multi‐layer features. Based on this, most of the existing saliency detectors designed complex network structures to fuse the multi‐level features generated by the backbone network. However, the variable scale and complex shape of the target are always a great challenge for saliency detection tasks. In this paper, the authors propose a Rich‐scale Feature Fusion Network (RFFNet) for salient object detection. The authors design a rich‐scale feature interactive fusion module to obtain more efficient features from the multi‐scale features. Moreover, the global feature enhance module is used to extract features with better characterization for the final saliency prediction. Extensive experiments performed on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory results on different evaluation metrics compared to other state‐of‐the‐art salient object detection approaches.
Analysis of electromagnetic interaction between smooth and corrugated transmission lines by using a circuit model
Authors: Wu Chia Ho , Wu Yu , Zhou Guobing , Shen Jianqi , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Zhuoyuan , Qian Zhenyu , Shen Linfang , Zhang Hang , He Fang , Chen Gang , You Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has been proved that a subwavelength periodic microstrip structure can be used to suppress crosstalk between two adjacent microstrip lines and such a microstrip structure can be widely used in the application of high‐speed circuit systems. To further increase the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model of the subwavelength periodic microstrip line (SPML), we focus our attention on a single unit cell with the periodic structure, which is divided into several sub‐regions, and the circuit parameters in each sub‐region are analysed for setting up a complete circuit model of the unit cells. Then the details of the interaction between each sub‐region and the electromagnetic field are clearly indicated. The ‐parameters of the circuit model accord well with full‐wave simulation results, showing a maximum deviation of 0.03973 dB for S21 and 0.1211 dB for S11 below 15 GHz. For the first time, we also study the frequency‐dependence of the mutual capacitance and the mutual inductance for analysing the coupling effect between an SPML and a conventional microstrip line (CML). The instantaneous impedance obtained by the full‐wave simulation of the SPML is consistent well with the experimental results.
A novel AC chopper integrated with active measurement of wideband impedance for wind power system
Authors: Shi Yan , Qi Lei , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhan Liangtao , Cui Xiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale wind farms are susceptible to oscillations like any other power systems with high penetration of power electronics, whose characteristics of wideband impedance hold the key to resolving this issue. However, due to the high cost of impedance measurements for power systems, computational modelling methods are usually used, accuracy of which is difficult to be verified. This paper proposes a novel AC chopper integrated with active measurement of wideband impedance (AIM‐ACC), which can be slightly modified from the existing energy consuming devices in wind power systems. With the help of the proposed Reversed‐phase Chirp Pulse Width Modulation (RC‐PWM) signal, the AIM‐ACC generates chopper current within a desired wide frequency band, avoiding the spectral shifting effects of sinusoidal voltages. Thus, the impedance characteristics of wind system are obtained by measuring the injected current and its corresponding voltage, with fast excitation time, good controllability and high accuracy. Finally, the verification of an experiment with single‐phase branch and a simulation with the proposed AC chopper in wind power system was carried out for the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Estimation of human gait features by trajectory tracking and recombination using radar range‐Doppler‐time data
Authors: Mao Tong , Zhang Yi , Zhu Kaiqiang , Wang Tianyi , Sun Houjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRadar enables a convenient, contactless way for gait analysis in daily scenarios, such as in‐home health monitoring. However, the overlapping of human limb components could occur in both range and velocity dimensions of the radar echo, which makes it difficult to distinguish the limbs. In this study, a trajectory tracking and recombination method based on range‐Doppler‐time data is proposed for gait feature estimation under insufficient radar resolution. In the trajectory tracking step, the scattering amplitude is included for Kalman filtering, and the weighted joint nearest neighbour algorithm is proposed for data association. Then, the trajectories are recombined to construct the limb tracks based on the relative range‐Doppler angles. Finally, the limb tracks are used to estimate the spatial‐temporal and kinematic gait features. In our simulation, the trajectory tracking accuracies range from 98.2% to 99.6%. The gait feature estimation accuracies for simulation and measurement are no less than 91.9% and 93.8% respectively.
Parametric model of young infants’ eardrum and ear canal impedances supporting immittance measurement results. Part I: Development of the model
Authors: Sankowsky-Rothe Tobias , van de Par Steven , Blau Matthias 
Published: November 2022

Wideband acoustic immitance (WAI) measurements provide an objective means to detect pathological middle ear conditions. However, for ears of young infants, it is still difficult to make clear statements about the middle ear status based on WAI measurements. In order to gain a better understanding of WAI data obtained in young infants’ ears, a parametric electro-acoustic model of the ear canal and the middle ear of young infants is proposed. In this first part of the two-part paper, the development of the model for the healthy ear is presented. Based on an existing model for adult ears, the presented model is adapted to young infants’ ears, uses parameters suited to represent physiological properties, and uses a smaller number of parameters in order to reduce model complexity. A comparison of the acoustic input impedance of the ear predicted by the model with real ear measurements in young infants’ ears showed a good agreement in the main characteristics. Model predictions show that the medium frequency range (about 1–3 kHz) of the acoustic input impedance of the ear is dominated by the properties of the eardrum and the middle ear, indicating that pathological middle ear conditions can preferably be detected in this frequency range.
The behaviour of an epidemiological model
Authors: Bucur Maria–Liliana 
Published: November 2022

In this work we study the next system:
$$\[\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{S'}& = &{A - \beta \left( {1 + vI} \right)SI}\\{E'}& = &{\beta \left( {1 + vI} \right)SI - \alpha E}\\{I'}& = &{\alpha E - \gamma I}\\{R'}& = &{\gamma I}\end{array}} \right.\]$$
which is a SEIR model, where first of all the probability of disease transmission depend linear of the number of infectious.
We also consider and study the behaviour of the system if the probability of disease transmission depend of two degree polinom of the number of infectious.