bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of circularly polarized Gaussian laser pulse in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Milani Mohammad Reza Jafari 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal evolution of intense circularly polarized Gaussian laser pulse propagating in plasma is investigated. Self‐focusing and self‐compression properties of the laser pulse are studied, taking into account the ponderomotive nonlinearity, magnetic field, and state of wave polarization effects. The coupled differential equations governing the beam width (in space) and pulse length (in time) parameters are obtained via paraxial ray and Wentze−Kramers−Brillouin approximations and solved numerically. Numerical simulation showed that the pulse is compressed (in time and space) to a significant extent at a different normalized distance due to the effect of the nonlinearity of the medium. It is shown that for the right‐hand circularly polarized laser, the strength of both self‐focusing and self‐compression of the laser pulse along the propagation direction is increased by increasing the value of the magnetic field, and consequently, the normalized intensity of the pulse is enhanced as it propagates through the plasma. In the case of a left‐hand circularly polarized laser, an increase in the magnetic field causes a decrease in the strength of both self‐focusing and self‐compression of the laser pulse, especially in the higher values. To analyse the evolution of the laser spot size, a three‐dimensional view of the normalized laser intensity at different points of the distance of propagation has also been plotted. Moreover, the results indicate a specific laser intensity range with a “saturation point” where the compression process reaches its maximum value, and outside of this range, it vanishes.
Four‐radiator ultra‐wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna with high performance and dual‐band rejection features for high‐speed communications
Authors: Aboelleil Heba , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryWe are discussing a compact, four elements with high‐performance ultra‐wideband (UWB) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with dual band‐notched traits. The antenna has a partial ground plane and the radiator has truncation to enhance the matching through the frequency range 2.5–12 GHz. The coupling between ports was reduced by assorting the elements of the antenna in an orthogonal manner and applying four stubs between them. The proposed antenna achieves two band‐notched characteristics by introducing a T‐shaped strip etched in the radiating elements and adding an open‐loop resonator near the feeding line. The results, which were simulated and measured, indicate that the proposed design achieved a wideband from 2.5 to 12 GHz with two band‐notched characteristics within 3.3–3.6 GHz (WiMAX implementations) and within 5.2–5.8 GHz (Wireless Local Area Network [WLAN] applications). As well as, the proposed antenna has high isolation >20 dB and a low‐envelope correlation coefficient <0.005 through the band except for the band notches. These outcomes demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed UWB MIMO antenna for UWB MIMO applications.
Variations in immune parameters with age in a wild rodent population and links with survival
Authors: Bichet Coraline , Régis Corinne , Gilot‐Fromont Emmanuelle , Cohas Aurélie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent findings suggest that immune functions do not unidirectionally deteriorate with age but that a potentially adaptive remodeling, where functions of the immune system get downregulated while others get upregulated with age could also occur. Scarce in wild populations, longitudinal studies are yet necessary to properly understand the patterns and consequences of age variations of the immune system in the wild. Meanwhile, it is challenging to understand if the observed variations in immune parameters with age are due to changes at the within‐individual level or to selective (dis)appearance of individuals with peculiar immune phenotypes. Thanks to a long‐term and longitudinal monitoring of a wild Alpine marmot population, we aimed to understand within‐ and between‐individual variation in the immune phenotype with age, in order to improve our knowledge about the occurrence and the evolutionary consequences of such age variations in the wild. To do so, we recorded the age‐specific leukocyte concentration and leukocyte profile in repeatedly sampled dominant individuals. We then tested whether the potential changes with age were attributable to within‐individual variations and/or selective (dis)appearance. Finally, we investigated if the leukocyte concentration and profiles were correlated to the probability of death at a given age. The leukocyte concentration was stable with age, but the relative number of lymphocytes decreased, while the relative number of neutrophils increased, over the course of an individual's life. Moreover, between individuals of the same age, individuals with fewer lymphocytes but more neutrophils were more likely to die. Therefore, selective disappearance seems to play a role in the age variations of the immune parameters in this population. Further investigations linking age variations in immune phenotype to individual fitness are needed to understand whether remodeling of the immune system with age could or could not be adaptive.
Co‐occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated
Authors: Lonsinger Robert C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvances in multi‐species monitoring have prompted an increase in the use of multi‐species occupancy analyses to assess patterns of co‐occurrence among species, even when data were collected at scales likely violating the assumption that sites were closed to changes in the occupancy state for the target species. Violating the closure assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions related to patterns of co‐occurrence among species. Occurrence for two hypothetical species was simulated under patterns of avoidance, aggregation, or independence, when the closure assumption was either met or not. Simulated populations were sampled at two levels (N = 250 or 100 sites) and two scales of temporal resolution for surveys. Sample data were analyzed with conditional two‐species occupancy models, and performance was assessed based on the proportion of simulations recovering the true pattern of co‐occurrence. Estimates of occupancy were unbiased when closure was met, but biased when closure violations occurred; bias increased when sample size was small and encounter histories were collapsed to a large‐scale temporal resolution. When closure was met and patterns of avoidance and aggregation were simulated, conditional two‐species models tended to correctly find support for non‐independence, and estimated species interaction factors (SIF) aligned with predicted values. By contrast, when closure was violated, models tended to incorrectly infer a pattern of independence and power to detect simulated patterns of avoidance or aggregation that decreased with smaller sample size. Results suggest that when the closure assumption is violated, co‐occurrence models often fail to detect underlying patterns of avoidance or aggregation, and incorrectly identify a pattern of independence among species, which could have negative consequences for our understanding of species interactions and conservation efforts. Thus, when closure is violated, inferred patterns of independence from multi‐species occupancy should be interpreted cautiously, and evidence of avoidance or aggregation is likely a conservative estimate of true pattern or interaction.
The effects of silver and copper nanoparticles and selenium on Salmo trutta hatchlings
Authors: Sielska Anna , Skuza Lidia , Kowalska‐Góralska Monika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the increase of nanotechnology applications, the risk of environmental adverse effects has emerged. It is known that nanoparticles (NPs) can induce oxidative stress, cause organ and DNA damage, or increase mortality rate in organisms, especially aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to investigate the potential genotoxicity of selenium, several nanoelements of copper, and a commercial product containing ionic silver colloids on Salmo trutta hatchlings based on the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach and assess in a second step whether the addition of selenium and NPs of copper and silver improves PCR precision and efficiency. Sea trout eggs were incubated in NPs solutions. Before presenting the results, PCR analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis were made. DNA of hatchlings from the eggs incubated in copper NPs were less degraded than those incubated in silver colloids or selenium, and in the second phase of the study, a PCR product was only generated for samples incubated in selenium (Se). In agarose gel electrophoresis of isolates containing copper compounds, products were obtained in all samples, except for those containing 0.125 and 1.0 nM of Cu, and 0.25 and 1.0 nM of CuZnFe2O4 and CuFe2O4. It has been shown that genotoxic effects of tested NPs vary in a concentration‐dependent manner. Copper compounds did not interfere with PCR efficiency, except for CuFe2O4, which improved product quality in all tested concentrations. Presented results give an opportunity for further studies on the effects of NPs on PCR reaction and genotoxicity.
Numerical Simulation of Electrochemical Systems by Coupling Analytical Calculation of the Diffuse Double Layer and Finite Element Description of Solution Bulk
Authors: Taherkhani Farid , Brogioli Doriano , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerical modelling of electrochemical systems covers length scales from the nanometers up to the macroscopic scale. With finite element methods, the mesh must be extremely fine to describe the diffuse double layer, thus increasing the needed computational resources. We propose a method to describe the diffuse double layer by analytical equations, expressed as boundary conditions for the partial differential equations describing the solution bulk. We apply the method to a one‐dimensional system, i. e. to a cell with plane parallel electrodes, in the presence of a redox couple and a supporting electrolyte. We provide evidence of the precision of the method.
A unified service‐based capability exposure framework for closed‐loop network automation
Authors: Gramaglia Marco , Kajo Marton , Mannweiler Christian , Bulakci Ömer , Wei Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ongoing quest for the tight integration of network operation and the network service provisioning initiated with the introduction of 5G often clashes with the capacity of current network architectures to provide means for such integration. Owing to the traditional design of mobile networks, which barely required a tight interaction, network elements offer capabilities for their continuous optimization just within their domain (eg, access, or core), allowing for a “silo‐style” automation that falls short when aiming at closed‐loop automation that embraces all the actors involved in the network, from network functions up to the service‐provider network functions. To this end, in this article, we make the case for the network‐wide capability exposure framework for closed‐loop automation by (i) defining the different entities that shall expose capabilities, and (ii) discussing why the state of the art solutions are not enough to support this vision. Our proposed architecture, which relies on registration and discovery, and exposure functions, allows for enhanced use cases that are currently not possible with state of the art solution. We prove the feasibility of our solution by implementing it in a real‐world testbed, employing Artificial Intelligence algorithms to close the loop for the management of the radio access network.
Amygdala subnuclei volumes and anxiety behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Seguin Diane , Pac Sara , Wang Jianan , Nicolson Rob , Martinez‐Trujillo Julio , Anagnostou Evdokia , Lerch Jason P. , Hammill Christopher , Schachar Russell , Crosbie Jennifer , Kelley Elizabeth , Ayub Muhammad , Brian Jessica , Liu Xudong , Arnold Paul D. , Georgiades Stelios , Duerden Emma G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlterations in the structural maturation of the amygdala subnuclei volumes are associated with anxiety behaviors in adults and children with neurodevelopmental and associated disorders. This study investigated the relationship between amygdala subnuclei volumes and anxiety in 233 children and adolescents (mean age = 11.02 years; standard deviation = 3.17) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as typically developing (TD) children. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the children underwent structural MRI at 3 T. FreeSurfer software was used to automatically segment the amygdala subnuclei. A general linear model revealed that children and adolescents with ASD, ADHD, and OCD had higher anxiety scores compared to TD children (p < .001). A subsequent interaction analysis revealed that children with ASD (B = 0.09, p < .0001) and children with OCD (B = 0.1, p < .0001) who had high anxiety had larger right central nuclei volumes compared with TD children. Similar results were obtained for the right anterior amygdaloid area. Amygdala subnuclei volumes may be key to identifying children with neurodevelopmental disorders or those with OCD who are at high risk for anxiety. Findings may inform the development of targeted behavioral interventions to address anxiety behaviors and to assess the downstream effects of such interventions.
Diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID‐19 patients (Trial Version 9)
Authors:   Released by National Health Commission & National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on March 15, 2022
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo further improve the diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19, China National Health Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine convened a group of experts to revise the relevant content of the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID‐19 Patients (Trial Version 8) and developed the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID‐19 Patients (Trial Version 9), summarizing the etiological characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, pathological changes, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical classification, population with high risk of severe/critical illnesses, early warning predictors for severe/critical illnesses, differential diagnosis, case identification and reporting, treatment, nursing, discharge criteria and precautions after discharge, patient transfer, control of nosocomial infection in medical institutions, and disease prevention.
Prognostic role of baseline 18F‐FDG pet/CT in squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Dondi Francesco , Pasinetti Nadia , Guerini Andrea , Piazza Cesare , Mattavelli Davide , Bossi Paolo , Berruti Alfredo , Ravanelli Marco , Farina Davide , Albano Domenico , Treglia Giorgio , Bertagna Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo retrospectively investigate the prognostic role of baseline 18F‐FDG PET/CT in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the paranasal sinuses.MethodsClinical features and PET/CT semiquantitative parameters of 49 patients were collected. Anova and Kruskall–Wallis tests were used to assess the relationship between these parameters. Kaplan–Meier, univariate, and multivariate analysis were performed to search for independent prognostic factors for progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsMean PFS was 29.95 months (SD 29.36) with relapse/progression of disease occurring in 18 patients; mean OS was 33.40 (SD 27.78) months with death occurring in 15 patients. Presence of nodal metastasis (14 subjects) was correlated with standardize uptake value (SUV) max, SUVmean, SUV/blood‐pool ratio, SUV/liver ratio, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis. SUVmax, SUVmean, and presence of nodal metastasis resulted as independent prognostic factors for OS.Conclusion18F‐FDG PET/CT semiquantitative parameters confirmed their prognostic role for SCC of paranasal sinuses.
Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar leukocyte profile in lung transplant recipients and their changes according to immunosuppressive regimen: A single‐center experience
Authors: Jáky‐Kováts Zsuzsanna , Vámos Melinda , Komlósi Zsolt István , Bikov András , Madurka Ildikó , Szűcs Gergő , Müller Veronika , Bohács Anikó 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfter lung transplantation (LuTX), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and acute cellular rejection (ACR) are associated with changes in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mononuclear cell profile (PBMC and BALIC). PBMC is also influenced by immunosuppressive regimen and its changes with postoperative time. First‐year PBMC and BALIC changes were evaluated in this study with rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and alemtuzumab (AL) induction therapy.MethodsIn total, 64 LuTX recipients were included, 53 of them received AL and 11 ATG as induction therapy. PBMC and BALIC were examined routinely and in cases suspicious of infection and/or rejection. A PBMC‐ and BALIC‐based algorithm for infection and rejection prediction was also tested.ResultsIn the AL group, peripheral blood lymphocyte and basophil cell numbers were significantly reduced, while the neutrophil cell number elevation during LRTI was significantly higher compared to the control. Early postoperative measurements showed a lower BALIC lymphocyte count. The algorithm had 17% sensitivity and 94% specificity for ACR in all patients and 33% sensitivity and 95% specificity for ACR with coexisting LRTI.ConclusionBALIC is not significantly influenced by the immunosuppressive regimen. PBMC‐ and BALIC‐based algorithm may improve the differential diagnosis of ACR.
Monocytes subtypes from pleural effusion reveal biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and malignancy
Authors: Luo Lisha , Deng Shuanglinzi , Tang Wei , Hu Xinyue , Yin Feifei , Ge Huan , Tang Jiale , Liao Zhonghua , Feng Juntao , Li Xiaozhao , Mo Biwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is a common clinical condition caused by several respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis and malignancy. However, rapid and accurate diagnoses of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remain challenging. Although monocytes have been confirmed as an important immune cell in tuberculosis and malignancy, little is known about the role of monocytes subpopulations in the diagnosis of pleural effusion.MethodsPleural effusion samples and peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 TPE patients, 40 MPE patients, and 24 transudate pleural effusion patients, respectively. Chemokines (CCL2, CCL7, and CX3CL1) and cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐27, and IFN‐γ) were measured by ELISA. The monocytes phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The chemokines receptors (CCR2 and CX3CR1) and cytokines above in different monocytes subsets were analyzed by real‐time PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for displaying differentiating power of intermediate and nonclassical subsets between tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions.ResultsCCL7 and CX3CL1 levels in TPE were significantly elevated in TPE compared with MPE and transudate pleural effusion. Cytokines, such as IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐27, and IFN‐γ, in TPE were much higher than in other pleural effusions. Moreover, CD14+CD16++ nonclassical subset frequency in TPE was remarkably higher than that in MPE, while CD14++CD16+ intermediate subset proportion in MPE was found elevated. Furthermore, CX3CL1‐CX3CR1 axis‐mediated infiltration of nonclassical monocytes in TPE was related to CX3CL1 and IFN‐γ expression in TPE. Higher expression of cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐17, IL‐27, and IFN‐γ) were found in nonclassical monocytes compared with other subsets. Additionally, the proportions of intermediate and nonclassical monocytes in pleural effusion have the power in discriminating tuberculosis from malignant pleural effusion.ConclusionsCD14 and CD16 markers on monocytes could be potentially used as novel diagnostic markers for diagnosing TPE and MPE.
Simultaneous quantification of dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib using high‐performance liquid chromatography–Photodiode array detection
Authors: Yokoyama Yuta , Nozawa Eiji , Morita Miho , Ishikawa Emi , Mori Takehiko , Sakurai Masatoshi , Kikuchi Taku , Matsuki Eri , Yamazaki Rie , Kataoka Keisuke , Jibiki Aya , Kawazoe Hitoshi , Suzuki Sayo , Nakamura Tomonori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib, second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and ponatinib, a third‐generation TKI, are approved pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry assays for simultaneous quantification of the four TKIs in human serum have been reported in the literature, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay that simultaneously quantifies these compounds has not yet been developed. This study aims to establish and validate an efficient HPLC analytical method using a photodiode array (PDA) detector for the simultaneous quantification of the four TKIs.MethodsCalibration standards were prepared by serial dilution of serum samples containing the four TKIs, followed by solid‐phase extraction. The four TKIs were eluted in order within 10 min using a binary HPLC gradient system.ResultsThe calibration ranges were 2–500 ng/ml for dasatinib, 100–5000 ng/ml for nilotinib, and 10–500 ng/ml for bosutinib and ponatinib. Intra‐day and inter‐day precision and accuracy values were found to be in accordance with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The recovery rates were 92.9%–96.0%, 80.7%–86.1%, 91.6%–99.0%, and 86.4%–92.6% for dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, respectively.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an HPLC‐PDA analytical method that allows efficient simultaneous quantification of the four TKIs in the serum of patients with CML. We believe that the method developed herein can improve the efficiency of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with CML in clinical practice.