bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus Measurement: Comparison of the 2 Radiographic Methods
Authors: Nebhani Nimesh , Yatin Trivedy Mihir , Heyes Gavin , Molloy Andrew , Mason Lyndon 
Published: February 2022

Background To determine the reliability of Delta PP (difference in medial and lateral proximal phalanx wall length) compared with HIA (hallux interphalangeal angle) in the assessment of HVI (hallux valgus interphalangeus) in both preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of 186 feet with hallux valgus. The number of cases required to adequately power the study was 128. Preoperative and postoperative hallux alignment were evaluated by 2 different radiological parameters, Delta PP and HIA. Interobserver variability was assessed independently by 2 authors and compared using a intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient was more than 0.8 for all parameters, thus both HIA and Delta PP measurement provide reliable and reproducible data. Mean HIA significantly increased following surgical correction of hallux valgus. In comparison, the mean Delta PP decreased after correction. This postoperative increase in HIA indicates that preoperative HIA underestimates the magnitude of HVI and therefore is an inaccurate tool for measuring HVI’s contribution to the TVDH (total valgus deformity of the hallux) and to preoperative planning. However, the Delta PP was a greater determinant of the phalanx deformity’s contribution to the TVDH. Conclusion The outcome of our study shows that both HIA and Delta PP are reproducible when assessing the HVI deformity; however, Delta PP quantifies the amount of correction obtained more precisely. The additional benefit of measuring the Delta PP is that it allows for accurate planning in determining the dimensions of the medial-based wedge of the Akin osteotomy that needs to be resected. Levels of Evidence: Level 4
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health professionals in a tertiary care center at the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Demeke Chilot Abiyu , Kifle Zemene Demelash , Atsbeha Berhanemeskel Weldegerima , Wondmsigegn Dawit , Yimenu Dawit Kumilachew , Woldeyohanins Alem Endashaw , Kasahun Asmamaw Emagn 
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a highly communicable disease that can be transmitted from animal-to-human and human-to-human contacts. It is still now a major global threat for which vaccination remains the ultimate solution to protect it, especially healthcare professionals are the first frontiers to fight against the COVID-19 virus which makes them at higher risk of this disease. Therefore, to reduce the spread of COVID-19, we need to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the vaccine hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccine among health professionals who worked at the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1 May and 10 June 2021. And the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. A chi-square test was conducted and to assess the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, perceived risk of COVID-19, attitude, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results: We surveyed 319 health professionals with a response rate of 67.87%. Of these, 74.9% (239) were male, and 81.2% (259) of health professionals were perceived exposed to COVID-19 without testing. 87.7% of respondents would like to vaccinate their parents. 66.2% (208) of them have accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. 54.85% (175) of health professionals had a good attitude and 45.8% (146) of health professionals were received the first-round COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: This study showed that more than 60% of health professionals had good acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic period. Regarding vaccine safety profile may reduce the vaccination in the future. To increase vaccine uptake in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination programs should be redesigned to remove barriers to vaccine acceptance. Knowledge and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine should be promoted.
Ferroberaunite, Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5⋅6H2O, a mixed-valence iron member of the beraunite series, from the Gravel Hill mine, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England
Authors: Tvrdý Jaromír , Plášil Jakub , Vrtiška Luboš , Sejkora Jiří , Škoda Radek , Dolníček Zdeněk , Petr Martin , Veselovský František 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe new mineral ferroberaunite, Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5⋅6H2O (IMA2021-36; symbol: Fbru), occurs in cavities of ‘limonite’ iron ore from the Gravel Hill mine, Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, England. Its flattened prismatic crystals up to 400 μm long are dark green to olive green, transparent to translucent, with a vitreous lustre, pearly on cleavages. The Mohs hardness is ~3–4. The density measured by the flotation method is 2.94(2) g⋅cm–3, the calculated density is 2.907 g⋅cm–3. Ferroberaunite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.736(2), β = 1.765(3), γ = 1.786(5) at 589 nm, 2Vmeas. = 68(3)°, 2Vcalc. = 79°; dispersion of optical axes is strong, r > v; orientation is Y = b; X ≈ a, Z ≈ c. Pleochroism is strong: X = bluish-green >> Z = green > Y = yellow. Electron-microprobe analyses gave the empirical formula (Fe2+0.75Ca0.01Mn0.02Fe3+0.22)Σ1.00(Fe3+4.88Al0.04)Σ4.92(PO4)4O0.11(OH)4.76⋅6H2O. Ferroberaunite is monoclinic, C2/c, with a = 20.8708(3), b = 5.1590(8), c = 19.2263(3) Å, β = 93.3186(17)°, V = 2066.7(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dmeas, Å (Irel., %) (hkl)]: 10.410 (100) (200), 9.606 (14) (002), 7.271 (11) (20$\bar{2}$), 5.203 (4) (400), 3.467 (12) (600), 3.325 (6) (60$\bar{2}$), 3.201 (6) (006), 2.600 (4) (800). The mineral is isostructural with beraunite, redefined recently as Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4⋅6H2O.
Caspase-1 variant influencing CSF tau and FDG PET levels in non-demented elders from the ADNI cohort
Authors: Liu Yi , Tan Meng-Shan , Wang Zuo-Teng , Xu Wei , Tan Lan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Genetic variations in the inflammatory Caspase-1 gene have been shown associated with cognitive function in elderly individuals and in predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but its detailed mechanism before the typical AD onset was still unclear. Our current study evaluated the impact of Caspase-1 common variant rs554344 on the pathological processes of brain amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration.

Methods
Data used in our study were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. We examined the relationship between Caspase-1 rs554344 allele carrier status with AD-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), PET, and MRI measures at baseline by using a multiple linear regression model. We also analyzed the longitudinal effects of this variant on the change rates of CSF biomarkers and imaging data using a mixed effect model.

Results
We found that Caspase-1 variant was significantly associated with FDG PET levels and CSF t-tau levels at baseline in total non-demented elderly group, and especially in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subgroup. In addition, this variant was also detected associated with CSF p-tau levels in MCI subgroup. The mediation analysis showed that CSF p-tau partially mediated the association between Caspase-1 variant and CSF t-tau levels, accounting for 80% of the total effect.

Conclusions
Our study indicated a potential role of Caspase-1 variant in influencing cognitive function might through changing tau related-neurodegeneration process.
Establishment of an orthotopic prostate cancer xenograft mouse model using microscope-guided orthotopic injection of LNCaP cells into the dorsal lobe of the mouse prostate
Authors: Liu Weiyong , Zhu Yunkai , Ye Lei , Zhu Yajuan , Wang Yuhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Orthotopic LNCaP xenograft mouse models closely mimic the progression of androgen-dependent prostate cancer in humans; however, orthotopic injection of LNCaP cells into the mouse prostate remains a challenge.

Methods
Under the guidance of a stereoscopic microscope, the anatomy of the individual prostate lobes in male Balb/c athymic nude mice was investigated, and LNCaP cells were inoculated into the mouse dorsal prostate (DP) to generate orthotopic tumors that mimicked the pathophysiological process of prostate cancer in humans. Real-time ultrasound imaging was used to monitor orthotopic prostate tumorigenesis, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was used to characterize tumor angiogenesis, and macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of tumors were described.

Results
The DP had a trigonal bipyramid-shape and were located at the base of the seminal vesicles. After orthotopic inoculation, gray scale ultrasound imaging showed progressive changes in tumor echotexture, shape and location, and tumors tended to protrude into the bladder. After 8 weeks, the tumor take rate was 65% (n = 13/20 mice). On CEUS, signal intensity increased rapidly, peaked, and decreased gradually. Observations of gross specimens showed orthotopic prostate tumors were well circumscribed, round, dark brown, and soft, with a smooth outer surface and a glossy appearance. Microscopically, tumor cells were arranged in acini encircled by fibrous septa with variably thickened walls, mimicking human adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
This study describes a successful approach to establishing an orthotopic LNCaP xenograft Balb/c athymic nude mouse model. The model requires a thorough understanding of mouse prostate anatomy and proper technique. The model represents a valuable tool for the in vivo study of the biological processes involved in angiogenesis in prostate cancer and preclinical evaluations of novel anti-angiogenic therapies.
Influence of type I collagen polymorphisms and risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in athletes: a case-control study
Authors: Perini Jamila Alessandra , Lopes Lucas Rafael , Guimarães João Antonio Matheus , Goes Rodrigo Araújo , Pereira Luiz Fernando Alves , Pereira Camili Gomes , Mandarino Marcelo , Villardi Alfredo Marques , de Sousa Eduardo Branco , Cossich Victor Rodrigues Amaral 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common and severe knee injury in sports and occurs mostly due to noncontact injuries. There is an increasing amount of evidence associating ACL rupture to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and SNPs in the collagen type I genes can change its expression and tissue mechanical features. This study aimed to investigate the association between SNPs in COL1A1 and COL1A2 with sports-related ACL tears.

Methods
A total of 338 athletes from multiple sports modalities were analyzed: 146 were diagnosed with ACL rupture or underwent an ACL reconstruction surgery and 192 have no musculoskeletal injuries. SNPs were genotyped using validated TaqMan assays. The association of the polymorphisms with ACL rupture was evaluated by a multivariable logistic regression model, using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The age, sport modality, and training location were associated with an increased risk of a non-contact ACL tear. COL1A2 SNPs (rs42524 CC and rs2621215 GG) were associated with an increased risk of non-contact ACL injury (6 and 4-fold, respectively). However, no significant differences were detected in the distribution of COL1A1 rs1107946 and COL1A2 rs412777 SNPs between cases and controls. There was a protective association with ACL rupture (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.07–0.96) between COL1A1 rs1107946 (GT or TT) and the wildtype genotypes of the three COL1A2 (rs412777, rs42524, rs2621215). COL1A2 rs42524 and rs2621215 SNPs were associated with non-contact ACL risk.

Conclusion
The combined analysis of COL1A1-COL1A2 genotypes suggests a gene-gene interaction in ACL rupture susceptibility.
Newborn thermal care in western Uttar Pradesh — gap analysis between knowledge and practices
Authors: Srivastava Anurag , Saxena Sumit , Srivastava Payal , Mahmood Syed Esam , Pandey Ruchi , Saxena Anju 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The provision of health care services including maternal and newborn care is a dynamic system of entitlement and obligations among the community, the service providers, and the government. Thermal control remains poor in newborns owing to immaturity of the thermoregulatory center and newborn become vulnerable to hypothermia especially premature babies, intrauterine growth retardation and LBW babies, and even normal babies.This study aimed to assess the knowledge & practices regarding thermal protection their determinants.

Methods
Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Amroha district. The study population comprised women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) who have delivered a live baby within the past 12 weeks before the conduct of the study. Out of 6 blocks, 2 most populous villages were selected. Total 61 villages from 6 blocks were covered under the study. Knowledge and practices regarding newborn thermal care were expressed in percentages and compared.

Results
The knowledge domain on thermal protection of baby, 60.9% of the respondents were well aware of how to keep baby warm after delivery, 71.4% of respondents knew that baby should be dried soon after birth, 64.9% of the respondents had an idea of time to dry the baby, 69.6% of the respondents knew that baby should be wrapped soon after birth.

Conclusion
The findings of the study provides an insight into the existing knowledge and necessitate a need for quantitative studies in the study area to access knowledge & practices related to thermal protection of newborns. The authors emphasize a need for improving community awareness for the promotion of newborn care and improve the health system to meet the demands of birthing mothers and the needs of newborns.
Use and misuse of prescription stimulants by university students: a cross-sectional survey in the french-speaking community of Belgium, 2018
Authors: Sabbe Martine , Sawchik Javier , Gräfe Mégane , Wuillaume Françoise , De Bruyn Sara , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Van Hal Guido , Desseilles Martin , Hamdani Jamila , Malonne Hugues 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMisuse of prescription stimulants (PS) has been reported among students to enhance academic performance in Flanders (Belgium). However, PS misuse among students in the French-speaking community is unknown. The main purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of medical use and misuse of PS by university students in the French-speaking community (Belgium), and to investigate the reasons and sources associated with PS misuse.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was performed in 2018. All university students 18 years and older were invited to participate and asked about PS use, including medical (i.e., used for therapeutic purposes) and nonmedical reasons and sources of PS.ResultsIn total, 12 144 students participated in the survey (median age = 21 years, 65.5% female). The estimated prevalence of PS use was 6.9% (ever use) and 5.5% (past-year). Among ever users, 34.7% were classified as medical users and 65.3% as misusers. Lifetime prevalence of misuse was estimated at 4.5%. The most common reason for medical use was treatment of attention disorder (85.9%). Reasons for misuse were mainly to improve concentration (76.1%) or to stay awake and study longer (50.7%). Friends or acquaintances inside the student community and general practitioners were the main sources of PS for misuse (41.5% and 23.5%, respectively).ConclusionsThis study found that rates of misuse of PS in French-speaking universities in Belgium were in line with studies conducted in Flanders and Europe. Academic institutions can use these results to tailor their drug prevention campaigns.
Antiplasmodial and in vitro antioxidant potentials of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst)
Authors: Enenebeaku Conrad Kenechukwu , Ogukwe Cynthia Ekwy , Nweke Christian Okechukwu , Anyado-Nwadike Sylvia Onyinyechi , Obi Martin , Duru Ijeoma Akunna , Enenebeaku Uchechi Emmanuela , Ogidi Odangowei I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Malaria is a major cause of death in tropical countries such as Nigeria. Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst) is a wild plant used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria and other health challenges. This study evaluated the 'Antiplasmodial and in vitro antioxidant potentials of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves, root and stem of Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst)’.

Results
Methanol extracts of leaves and roots of this plant exhibited higher antimalarial activities than other extracts. The level of parasitemia was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the treated animals when compared to untreated ones. Antiplasmodial activities of methanol extracts of roots and stem did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) from their aqueous extracts. An increase in body weight and higher survival rates were recorded in all the treated groups. Scavenging of DPPH, NO, H2O2 radicals and reducing power ability were concentration-dependent. Methanolic extracts of C. dependens root showed the best reducing activity. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, phytate and oxalate.

Conclusion
Antimalarial and antioxidant properties of these extracts could be credited to the synergy between the phytoconstituents in this plant. Findings from this study justified the use of this plant in the treatment of malaria and other ailments.
Pore characteristics and corresponding controlling factors of the marine shale gas reservoir in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of the Zhaotong shale gas demonstration area
Authors: Lai Fuqiang , Xia Xiaoxue , Wang Changjiang , Wang Ruyue , Zhong Lulu , Huang Zhaohui , Wang Haitao , Zhu Zhangxiong 
Published: February 2022

The shale gas reservoir in the Zhaotong national shale gas demonstration area in the southern margin of the Sichuan Basin is mainly developed in the lower member of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the Silurian Longmaxi Formation. Shale pore characteristics are the main indicators for evaluating the quality of shale reservoirs and largely determine shale gas productivity. We have qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed pore types and structures through scanning electron microscopy, CO2/N2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection experiments, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The pore types of marine shale gas reservoirs in the study area mainly included organic-matter pores and clay mineral interlamellar pores. The pore diameter of the shale reservoir ranged from 0.5 to 35 nm and was concentrated in the range of 2–10 nm, and the main pores were mesopores. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was positively correlated with fractal dimension, which could be used to quantitatively evaluate the complexity and heterogeneity of reservoir pores. The contents of TOC, clay, and siliceous minerals were the main factors controlling the development of shale micropores. The contents of clay minerals and siliceous minerals determined the storage space of shale gas, whereas micropores and mesopores controlled the adsorption capacity of shale.
Racial differences in survival outcomes for early-stage (T1 tumor) penile cancer: Analysis from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Authors: Candelario Nellowe , Molina Elizabeth , Bourlon Maria Teresa , Kim Simon P. , Kessler Elizabeth R , Spiess Philippe E. , Flaig Thomas W. 
Published: February 2022

5 Background: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy that accounts for less than 1% of male cancers in the United States. Localized disease, particularly T1 tumors (no invasion the corpora spongiosum, corpora cavernosa or adjacent structures using the AJCC 7th edition staging system) are potentially curable with local surgery. We present the racial differences in survival outcomes for T1, penile cancer from the SEER database. Methods: From 2004 to 2016, we identified all patients with T1 (coded as T1, T1a, T1b),N0,M0 penile cancer in the SEER-18 database were included. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable (adjusting for age, year of diagnosis, race, socioeconomic status, primary tumor site and type of surgery) Cox-Regression analysis were conducted to investigate prognostic variables for cancer specific survival (CCS). Results: A total of 4,406 patients were identified with penile cancer; 1,941 patients had T1 disease and were further evaluated (Table). On multivariable analysis, Black (HR: 1.72, CI 1.01- 2.94; p=0.046) and Hispanic individuals (HR: 2.15, CI 1.36- 3.40; p= 0.001) had worse CSS compared to the White men with T1 disease. Logistic regression analysis shows no difference in the application of primary surgical resection by race (p=0.065). In the univariate analysis, patients who underwent primary site surgery had better 5-year CSS (HR: 0.36, CI 0.22-0.60; p <0.001). Among those undergoing primary surgery, the 5-year CSS was superior with excisional biopsy (HR: 0.22, CI 0.12-0.40; p < 0.001) compared to simple/partial removal of the primary tumor. Conclusions: Significant racial disparities in CSS exist in early-stage penile cancer patients. CSS is worse in Black and Hispanic T1 penile cancer patients compared to White patients. CSS is also decreased in those without any primary surgery and in those treated with simple/partial surgical removal compared to excisional biopsy. Further research on the cause of racial disparity outcomes in penile cancer is needed.[Table: see text]
Disparities in prostate cancer: An ethnicity comparative focus among Hispanic Americans versus non-Hispanic whites.
Authors: Recio-Boiles Alejandro , Batai Ken , Cheng Ce , Heimark Ronald , Chipollini Juan 
Published: February 2022

23 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease and the incidence and mortality risk varies widely among racial/ethnic groups. Among Hispanic American (HA) men, PCa accounts for nearly one-quarter of the total cancer burden; in addition, advanced stage and mortality rates are significantly higher in HA compared to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) men. Despite a decade of declining overall incidence rates, incidence rates of advanced PCa appear to be increasing over time among HA men, a similar pattern seen among Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB). Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified patients with histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma with reported race/ethnicity, clinical staging, Gleason score ≥ 6, and PSA at diagnosis between 2010 and 2016. HAs were divided into four major subgroups: Mexican/Chicano, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Central/South Americans. NHB, Asian, and other racial groups were excluded. Statistical analysis was derived from the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of HA ethnic subgroups with metastatic presentation and primary treatment. Results: A total of 428,829 patients were included with 5,625 (1.3%) being HA. Mexican comprised 51.2% of HAs and presented with higher PSA and Gleason score at diagnosis and more advanced cT, N1 and M1 stage when compared to NHW men and other HA subgroups (all, p < 0.001) (Table). After adjusting for age, PSA, year of diagnosis, cT, N, insurance, income, education, and performance score, Mexican had 1.32 (95%CI: 1.07-1.63, p = 0.01) higher odds of initial metastatic presentation and 0.68 (95%CI: 0.55-0.85, p < 0.001) lower odds of receiving treatment compared to NHW men while no statistically significant difference was seen for the other HA subgroups. Conclusions: Even after accounting for socioeconomic disparities, Mexican men present with a more aggressive disease when compared to NHW and other HA subgroups. Our results warrant further investigations into potential biological factors affecting HA PCa as well as identifications of potential barriers to treatment for vulnerable populations.[Table: see text]