bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Ivosidenib or Enasidenib Combined With Intensive Induction and Consolidation Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed IDH1/2‐Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fan Bin , Chen Yue , Yin Feng , Hua Lei , Almon Caroline , Nabhan Salah , Cooper Michael , Yang Hua , Hossain Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (mIDH1/2) proteins catalyze production of the oncometabolite D‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG). Ivosidenib and enasidenib are oral inhibitors of mIDH1 and mIDH2, respectively. An open‐label phase 1 study is evaluating the safety and efficacy of ivosidenib or enasidenib combined with intensive induction and consolidation chemotherapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed mIDH1/2 acute myeloid leukemia (AML; NCT02632708). In this population, we characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK/PD relationships for ivosidenib and enasidenib.Patients received continuous oral ivosidenib 500 mg once daily or enasidenib 100 mg once daily combined with chemotherapy. Serial blood samples were collected for measurement of the concentrations of the mIDH inhibitors. 2‐HG concentrations were measured in both plasma and bone marrow aspirates. Samples were collected from 60 patients receiving ivosidenib and 91 receiving enasidenib. For both drugs, exposures at steady state were higher than after single doses, with mean accumulation ratios (based on area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 24 hours) of 2.35 and 8.25 for ivosidenib and enasidenib, respectively. Mean plasma 2‐HG concentrations were elevated at baseline. After multiple ivosidenib or enasidenib doses, mean trough plasma 2‐HG concentrations decreased to levels observed in healthy individuals and were maintained with continued dosing. There was a corresponding reduction in bone marrow 2‐HG concentrations. When combined with intensive chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed mIDH1/2 AML, ivosidenib and enasidenib demonstrated PK/PD profiles similar to those when they are given as single agents. These findings support the dosing of ivosidenib or enasidenib in combination with intensive chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed mIDH1/2 AML.
Automated rain fall prediction enabled by optimized convolutional neural network‐based feature formation with adaptive long short‐term memory framework
Authors: K Ananthajothi , T Karthick , M Amanullah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main concept of this article is to plan for the intelligent rainfall prediction using the combination of deep learning models. The dataset is gathered from the standard publically available dataset concerning the Tamil Nadu state. The collected data is given to the feature extraction, in which few features such as; “minimum value, maximum value, mean, median, standard deviation, kurtosis, entropy, skewness, variance, and zero cross” are extracted. Additionally, the extracted features are applied to the optimal feature formation, in which optimized convolutional neural network (O‐CNN) is employed for the final feature formation. Here, the activation function, count of pooling layer, and count of hidden neurons are tuned with the intention of minimizing the correlation between the selected features. Once the optimal features are selected with less correlation, adaptive long short‐term memory (A‐LSTM) is adopted for the prediction model. Here, the enhancement is concentrated on minimizing the function concerning the error through the optimization of the hidden neurons of A‐LSTM. The improvement of both the deep learning models O‐CNN and A‐LSTM is performed by the improved sun flower optimization (I‐SFO). The research results reveal superior performance to existing techniques that offer novel thinking in rainfall prediction area with optimal rate of prediction.
Fully integrated switched‐inductor switched‐capacitor dual‐path DC–DC converter
Authors: Meshkat Amin , Dehghani Rasoul , Farzanehfard Hosein 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA fully integrated switched‐inductor switched‐capacitor (SISC) DC–DC converter is proposed. This converter is designed in such a way that the input voltage can be twice the process allowable voltage without damaging the on‐chip transistors. To mitigate large series resistance of on‐chip inductors as one of the main challenges in the switched‐inductor power supply on chip, two solutions are proposed. By using analytical model of an on‐chip inductor, optimal physical dimensions are designed to achieve the desired inductance with minimum series resistance in a small area. Along with the optimization, the dual‐path structure of the proposed converter reduces series resistance losses of the on‐chip inductor and increases the effective quality factor up to 7 times in duty cycle of 0.8. The proposed converter is implemented in 0.18 μm standard CMOS process. The circuit converts input voltage of 3.6–0.9 V at the load current of 125 mA with the efficiency of 72.8%. Efficiency enhancement factor reaches 72% at 600 mV output voltage. The achieved current density of the proposed converter is 333 mA/mm2. By calculating small signal model of the proposed converter and designing a suitable feedback loop, an appropriate transient behavior was proved
Medium Access Control layer protocol design based on stochastic network calculus for underwater wireless communication in open‐ocean fish farming
Authors: Saravanan M. , Sukumaran Rajeev , Radhakrishnan M. , Christhuraj M.R. , Manikandan T.T. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe usage of the underwater communication channel and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol architecture is the most problematic aspect of a seawater wireless communication network. The underwater acoustic wireless communication is a highly appealing choice for information transfer in the communication medium. However, calculating the deferral rate for transmitting real‐time traffic is a challenging task in the underwater environment. Therefore, it introduces the research challenges related to underwater communication, especially throughput and transmission deferral. This research work investigates an MAC protocol U‐TDMA with multi‐hop worst‐case delay analysis for different flow and relays. This research intended to compare the execution of the U‐TDMA protocol with stochastic network calculus (SNC) and without SNC. The U‐TDMA‐wireless protocol establishes the connection and forwards the fish‐mandated information to the mobile sink with the help of upper layers. Also, it improves interface efficiency by taking account of the lengthy delay time of the underwater acoustic channel and addressing difficulties connected to the terminal.
Stasis in forest regeneration following deer exclusion and understory gap creation: A 10‐year experiment
Authors: Royo Alejandro A. , Carson Walter P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChronically elevated ungulate browse pressure in temperate forests worldwide often generates ecological legacies characterized by low plant diversity and contributes to the formation of dense, nearly monodominant, and highly recalcitrant layers of understory vegetation. Once established, these recalcitrant layers combined with continued browsing may jointly constrain tree establishment and diversity so completely that understory recovery may be unattainable without mitigating browse pressure, the recalcitrant layer, or both. Here, we investigate the independent and synergistic effects of both white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing and hay‐scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) competition on tree regeneration in a 10‐year experiment. Specifically, we examine how tree seedling establishment, growth, and composition are filtered by fern cover versus fern removal (gaps), browser presence versus absence (exclosures), and their combined effects during 10 years at three hardwood forest sites in Pennsylvania, USA. Fern gaps enhanced establishment for multiple tree species, increasing seedling density and diversity, particularly in the first 3 years post‐treatment, and enhancing richness (≤1 species) over the course of the experiment. Excluding deer for a decade increased the height growth of other regeneration and altered species composition, but had no effect on diversity, richness, and density. Notably, we observed higherPrunus serotinaseedling densities outside exclosures, possibly due to greater secondary dispersal. We argue that browsing legacies in second growth forests established at the turn of the last century created two conditions inimical to diverse forest regeneration: an overstory dominated by two species,P. serotinaandAcer rubrum(86% of basal area), and a dense recalcitrant understory layer dominated by a native fern. The first condition limits propagule supply, the second strongly filters seedling establishment, and both create impoverished forest understories composed of few individuals and species. In undisturbed forest understories, the inertia toward impoverishment was sustained across the decade even where browsing was eliminated. Consequently, stand replacing disturbances (whether natural or anthropogenic) that disrupt the understory layer and reinitiate succession may be necessary to propel forests out of their current stasis and down a pathway leading to greater diversity.
Worldclim 2.1 versus Worldclim 1.4: Climatic niche and grid resolution affect between‐version mismatches in Habitat Suitability Models predictions across Europe
Authors: Cerasoli Francesco , D'Alessandro Paola , Biondi Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe influence of climate on the distribution of taxa has been extensively investigated in the last two decades through Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs). In this context, the Worldclim database represents an invaluable data source as it provides worldwide climate surfaces for both historical and future time horizons. Thousands of HSMs‐based papers have been published taking advantage of Worldclim 1.4, the first online version of this repository. In 2017, Worldclim 2.1 was released. Here, we evaluated spatially explicit prediction mismatch at continental scale, focusing on Europe, between HSMs fitted using climate surfaces from the two Worldclim versions (between‐version differences). To this aim, we simulated occurrence probability and presence‐absence across Europe of four virtual species (VS) with differing climate‐occurrence relationships. For each VS, we fitted HSMs upon uncorrelated bioclimatic variables derived from each Worldclim version at three grid resolutions. For each factor combination, HSMs attaining sufficient discrimination performance on spatially independent test data were projected across Europe under current conditions and various future scenarios, and importance scores of the single variables were computed. HSMs failed in accurately retrieving the simulated climate‐occurrence relationships for the climate‐tolerant VS and the one occurring under a narrow combination of climatic conditions. Under current climate, noticeable between‐version prediction mismatch emerged across most of Europe for these two VSs, whose simulated suitability mainly depended upon diurnal or yearly variability in temperature; differently, between‐version differences were more clustered toward areas showing extreme values, like mountainous massifs or southern regions, for VSs responding to average temperature and precipitation trends. Under future climate, the chosen emission scenarios and Global Climate Models did not evidently influence between‐version prediction discrepancies, while grid resolution synergistically interacted with VSs' niche characteristics in determining extent of such differences. Our findings could help in re‐evaluating previous biodiversity‐related works relying on geographical predictions from Worldclim‐based HSMs.
Factors influencing range contraction of a rodent herbivore in a steppe grassland over the past decades
Authors: Bai Defeng , Wan Xinru , Li Guoliang , Wan Xinrong , Guo Yongwang , Shi Dazhao , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Climate warming and human disturbance are known to be key drivers in causing range contraction of many species, but quantitative assessment on their distinctive and interactive effects on local disappearance is still rare.

In this study, we examined the association of climate warming and human disturbance stressors with local disappearance probability of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) in a steppe grassland in northern China.

We used logistic generalized additive models to quantify the relationship between local disappearance probability of Brandt's voles and environmental variables. The year following the last observation year was used to estimate the disappearance threshold of Brandt's voles. We projected the distribution change of Brandt's voles under future climate warming scenarios.

We found climate warming attributed to local disappearance and range contraction for southern populations of Brandt's voles from 1971 to 2020. Human stressors and high vegetation coverage increased the probability of local disappearance of voles in years of abundant precipitation. The southern boundary retreated northward at a speed of 99.0 km per decade with the temperature rise of 0.36°C. The disappearance threshold of maximum air temperature of Brandt's voles in the warmest month (27.50 ± 1.61°C) was similar to the lower critical temperature of its thermal neutral zone.

Our study suggests that the rapid climate change over the past decades contributed to the range contraction of its southern boundary of this keystone species in the steppe grassland of China. It is necessary to take actions to preserve the isolated populations of Brandt's voles from the effects of accelerated climate change and human disturbance.
Reproductive colonization of land by frogs: Embryos and larvae excrete urea to avoid ammonia toxicity
Authors: Méndez‐Narváez Javier , Warkentin Karen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVertebrate colonization of land has occurred multiple times, including over 50 origins of terrestrial eggs in frogs. Some environmental factors and phenotypic responses that facilitated these transitions are known, but responses to water constraints and risk of ammonia toxicity during early development are poorly understood. We tested if ammonia accumulation and dehydration risk induce a shift from ammonia to urea excretion during early stages of four anurans, from three origins of terrestrial development. We quantified ammonia and urea concentrations during early development on land, under well‐hydrated and dry conditions. Where we found urea excretion, we tested for a plastic increase under dry conditions and with ammonia accumulation in developmental environments. We assessed the potential adaptive role of urea excretion by comparing ammonia tolerance measured in 96h‐LC50 tests with ammonia levels in developmental environments. Ammonia accumulated in foam nests and perivitelline fluid, increasing over development and reaching higher concentrations under dry conditions. All four species showed high ammonia tolerance, compared to fishes and aquatic‐breeding frogs. Both nest‐dwelling larvae of Leptodactylus fragilis and late embryos of Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni excreted urea, showing a plastic increase under dry conditions. These two species can develop the longest on land and urea excretion appears adaptive, preventing their exposure to potentially lethal levels of ammonia. Neither late embryos of Agalychnis callidryas nor nest‐dwelling larvae of Engystomops pustulosus experienced toxic ammonia levels under dry conditions, and neither excreted urea. Our results suggest that an early onset of urea excretion, its increase under dry conditions, and elevated ammonia tolerance can all help prevent ammonia toxicity during terrestrial development. High ammonia represents a general risk for development which may be exacerbated as climate change increases dehydration risk for terrestrial‐breeding frogs. It may also be a cue that elicits adaptive physiological responses during early development.
Admixture in Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Panamá to San Diego, California (U.S.A.)
Authors: Zárate Daniela , Lima Thiago G. , Poole Jude D. , Calfee Erin , Burton Ronald S. , Kohn Joshua R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Africanized honey bee (AHB) is a New World amalgamation of several subspecies of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera), a diverse taxon historically grouped into four major biogeographic lineages: A (African), M (Western European), C (Eastern European), and O (Middle Eastern). In 1956, accidental release of experimentally bred “Africanized” hybrids from a research apiary in Sao Paulo, Brazil initiated a hybrid species expansion that now extends from northern Argentina to northern California (U.S.A.). Here, we assess nuclear admixture and mitochondrial ancestry in 60 bees from four countries (Panamá; Costa Rica, Mexico; U.S.A) across this expansive range to assess ancestry of AHB several decades following initial introduction and test the prediction that African ancestry decreases with increasing latitude. We find that AHB nuclear genomes from Central America and Mexico have predominately African genomes (76%–89%) with smaller contributions from Western and Eastern European lineages. Similarly, nearly all honey bees from Central America and Mexico possess mitochondrial ancestry from the African lineage with few individuals having European mitochondria. In contrast, AHB from San Diego (CA) shows markedly lower African ancestry (38%) with substantial genomic contributions from all four major honey bee lineages and mitochondrial ancestry from all four clades as well. Genetic diversity measures from all New World populations equal or exceed those of ancestral populations. Interestingly, the feral honey bee population of San Diego emerges as a reservoir of diverse admixture and high genetic diversity, making it a potentially rich source of genetic material for honey bee breeding.
Does the match between individual and group behavior matter in shoaling sticklebacks?
Authors: Kim Sin‐Yeon , Álvarez‐Quintero Náyade , Metcalfe Neil B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn animals living in groups, the social environment is fundamental to shaping the behaviors and life histories of an individual. A mismatch between individual and group behavior patterns may have disadvantages if the individual is incapable of flexibly changing its state in response to the social environment that influences its energy gain and expenditure. We used different social groups of juvenile three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with experimentally manipulated compositions of individual sociability to study the feedback between individual and group behaviors and to test how the social environment shapes behavior, metabolic rate, and growth. Experimentally created unsociable groups, containing a high proportion of less sociable fish, showed bolder collective behaviors during feeding than did corresponding sociable groups. Fish within groups where the majority of members had a level of sociability similar to their own gained more mass than did those within mismatched groups. Less sociable individuals within sociable groups tended to have a relatively low mass but a high standard metabolic rate. A mismatch between the sociability of an individual and that of the majority of the group in which it is living confers a growth disadvantage probably due to the expression of nonadaptive behaviors that increase energetic costs.
Identifying core habitats and corridors for giant pandas by combining multiscale random forest and connectivity analysis
Authors: Sun Xue , Long Zexu , Jia Jingbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are widely acknowledged as the main driver of the decline of giant panda populations. The Chinese government has made great efforts to protect this charming species and has made remarkable achievements, such as population growth and habitat expansion. However, habitat fragmentation has not been reversed. Protecting giant pandas in a large spatial extent needs to identify core habitat patches and corridors connecting them. This study used an equal‐sampling multiscale random forest habitat model to predict a habitat suitability map for the giant panda. Then, we applied the resistant kernel method and factorial least‐cost path analysis to identify core habitats connected by panda dispersal and corridors among panda occurrences, respectively. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of current protected areas in representing core habitats and corridors. Our results showed high scale dependence of giant panda habitat selection. Giant pandas strongly respond to bamboo percentage and elevation at a relatively fine scale (1 km), whereas they respond to anthropogenic factors at a coarse scale (≥2 km). Dispersal ability has significant effects on core habitats extent and population fragmentation evaluation. Under medium and high dispersal ability scenarios (12,000 and 20,000 cost units), most giant panda habitats in the Qionglai mountain are predicted to be well connected by dispersal. The proportion of core habitats covered by protected areas varied between 38% and 43% under different dispersal ability scenarios, highlighting significant gaps in the protected area network. Similarly, only 43% of corridors that connect giant panda occurrences were protected. Our results can provide crucial information for conservation managers to develop wise strategies to safeguard the long‐term viability of the giant panda population.
Fractionation of Oil from Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Bogevik André S. , Seppänen‐Laakso Tuulikki , Samuelsen Tor Andreas , Thoresen Lars 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlack soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) are subjected to a conventional fishmeal process, or room‐temperature formic acid hydrolysis, and lipid yield and composition between the two processes compared. Acid hydrolysis of BSFL results in higher protein yield in the meal and higher oil yield. Oils separated after acid hydrolysis have a lower trilaurin content (triacyglycerol with lauric acid (12:0) in all sn‐positions) and a lower melting point (23 °C) compared to oils separated after conventional (fishmeal) processing (26 °C). Further reduction of trilaurin content and melting point (20 °C) are achieved by dry‐fractionation (winterization) of the oil.Practical Applications: Fractionation of black soldier fly larvae oil could yield products with targeted levels of trilaurin and melting points adapted to different applications in feeds, foods, and cosmetics.