bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jose Delgado: A controversial trailblazer in neuromodulation
Authors: Lorusso Nicholas D. , Mohan Uma R. , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDr. Jose Delgado performed audacious demonstrations utilizing brain stimulation to instantly change behavior in animals. These feats spark ethical debates to this day. However, behind his controversial career is an important legacy of neurological discoveries and technological innovation. Delgado pioneered techniques in causally manipulating brain patterns and behavior with electrical stimulation and developed innovative, closed‐loop neural devices. His inventive devices and techniques were ahead of his time and remain relevant to the field of neuromodulation today.
Fabrication and application of a wireless high‐definition endoscopic system in urological surgeries
Authors: Niu Di , Xu Qihang , Xu Hanjiang , Yin Shuiping , Hao Zongyao , Shi Haoqiang , Zhou Jun , Tai Sheng , Zou Zhihui , Yang Cheng , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo introduce a wireless high‐definition endoscopic system (WHES) and compare it with a Storz high‐definition (HD) system for image resolution, colour resolution, weight, and costs.Materials and MethodsThe WHES incorporated a portable light‐emitting diode light source and a wireless camera module, which can be compatible with different types of endoscopes. Images were wirelessly transmitted to a monitor or mobile platform such as smartphone through a receiver. The International Standards Organization 12233 resolution chart image was used for the comparison of image resolution and Munsell Colour Checker Chart for colour resolution. In all, 38 endourologists used a Likert questionnaire to blindly evaluate cystoscopic images from a patient with haematuria. The surgical team was asked about the overall performance of the WHES in 20 laparoscopic adrenalectomies using a unvalidated subjective survey.ResultsThere was no difference in image resolution between the two systems (5.82 vs 5.89  line pairs/mm). Without lens and respective light sources, there were better purple (ΔE = 21.48 vs 28.73), blue (ΔE = 34.88 vs 38.6) and red colour resolution (ΔE = 29.01 vs 35.45) for the WHES camera (P  <  0.05), but orange (ΔE = 43.45 vs 36.52) and yellow (ΔE = 52.7 vs 35.93) resolutions were better for the Storz HD camera (P  <  0.05). Comparing the WHES to a Storz laparoscopic system, the Storz system still had better resolution of orange and yellow, while the resolution of purple, blue, and red was similar for the two systems. The expert comments on resolution, brightness, and colour for cystoscopy were not statistically different, but the ergonomics score for the WHES was higher (3.7 vs 3.33, P = 0.038). The overall cost of the WHES was $23  000–25  000 compared with $45  000–50  000 for a Storz system. There were 100% general satisfaction for the WHES in the survey.ConclusionWe developed a new WHES that provides the same resolution images as a Storz laparoscopic system and acceptable colour resolution with the advantages of wireless connection, small volume, low cost, portability, and high‐speed wireless transmission.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the Colombian labour market: Disentangling the effect of sector‐specific mobility restrictions
Authors: Morales Leonardo Fabio , Bonilla‐Mejía Leonardo , Pulido Jose , Flórez Luz A. , Hermida Didier , Pulido‐Mahecha Karen L. , Lasso‐Valderrama Francisco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe assess the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic and particularly the sector‐specific mobility restrictions on the Colombian labour market. We exploit the sectoral and temporal variation of the restriction policies to identify their effect. Mobility restrictions significantly reduced employment, accounting for approximately a quarter of the total job loss between February and April of 2020. The remaining three quarters of the job losses could be attributed to the disease's regional patterns and other epidemiological and economic factors affecting the whole country. Therefore, we should expect important employment losses even in the absence of such restrictions. We also assess the effect of restrictions on the intensive margin, finding negative, although smaller effects on the number of hours worked and wages. Most of the employment effect is driven by salaried workers, while self‐employment was more responsive to the disease spread. Finally, we find that women are disproportionally affected: mobility restrictions account for a third of the recent increase of the gender gap in salaried employment.
Assessing the impacts of normative and efficacy‐based messaging on the social diffusion of conservation science
Authors: Berl Richard E. W. , Sekar Samantha , Markevich Anyll , Camara Cassiopeia , Niemiec Rebecca M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEncouraging people to share science‐based information on environmental issues with others is critical for enhancing the speed and scale of conservation action. However, little experimental research exists that examines how message framing can facilitate the social diffusion of scientific information. We report the results of a series of studies conducted to test the effects of normative and efficacy‐based messaging on Colorado residents' willingness to share scientific information about the state's wolf reintroduction initiative. We distributed messaging using mailings to the general public, surveys of online participant panels, and personal messages from undergraduate students to their own contacts. We then measured participants' individual engagement with the scientific information we provided and their engagement in social behaviors that would encourage further social diffusion of the information. While we find some evidence of increased engagement by people contacted through social diffusion, we do not find any evidence that normative and efficacy‐based messaging encourages people to engage in social diffusion, nor do we find that such messaging enhances individual engagement with the scientific information. We identify several barriers to the sharing of scientific information, which could inform the development of future interventions to scale up biodiversity conservation efforts beyond individual engagement through widespread social diffusion.
Effects of social deprivation and healthcare access on major amputation following a diabetic foot ulcer in a French administrative area: Analysis using the French claim data
Authors: Bonnet Jean‐Baptiste , Nicolet Guillaume , Papinaud Laurence , Avignon Antoine , Duflos Claire , Sultan Ariane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe link between social deprivation and the development of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is still widely debated. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between lower limb amputation, social deprivation level, and inequalities in access to care service among people with DFU. This regional pilot study was conducted at the living area level and based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using hospital and primary care claim data in the Languedoc‐Roussillon region. DFUs were determined using an original algorithm of care consumption or hospital diagnosis. The primary end point was amputation at 1 year. Secondary end points were mortality at 1 year and impact of potential access to care on amputation.ResultsWe included 15,507 people from 2015 to 2017. Amputation and mortality rates were 17.5 and 117 per 1000 person‐years. The least precarious living areas showed better prognoses (relative risk = 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.66). Territorial accessibility to a private‐practice nurse, unlike physician accessibility, was associated with better results on major outcomes (p = 0.004).ConclusionThis is the first study using SNDS to study the care pathway of DFU management within and outside the hospital. High social deprivation in a living areas seems to be associated with more major amputations after a DFU.
Misplaced Tolerance and Educating for Intellectual Humility
Authors: Welch Kirsten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough education for intellectual virtues, including the virtue of intellectual humility, has received increasing attention in recent years, less focus has been devoted to specific obstacles that can inhibit the cultivation of intellectual virtue. In this article, Kirsten Welch presents one such impediment to the development of intellectual humility: the obstacle of misplaced tolerance. After identifying the key features of intellectual humility and tolerance as intellectual and civic virtues respectively, Welch argues that tolerance, when exercised inappropriately, can work against the cultivation of genuine intellectual humility. If tolerance is misconstrued as an intellectual virtue rather than being understood correctly as a civic virtue, it can undermine intellectual humility by reinforcing a certain sort of relativism that is incompatible with genuine intellectual humility. In light of this potential obstacle, she suggests some approaches and considerations for educators seeking to help their students grow in intellectual humility and develop their intellectual character.
Characterisation of faecal microbiota in horses medicated with oral doxycycline hyclate
Authors: Chapuis Ronan J. J. , Becker Anne A. M. J. , Dowling Patricia M. , Weese J. Scott 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial‐associated diarrhoea is a common adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses and has been reported following the administration of oral doxycycline. The administration of antimicrobials has also been associated with changes in the equine intestinal microbiota diversity yet has not been explored under doxycycline treatment.ObjectivesTo describe the dynamics of the faecal microbial diversity following a 5‐day oral administration of doxycycline in healthy horses with Streptococcus zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers.Study designExperimental prospective cohort study in a single horse group.MethodsSeven healthy adult horses with S. zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers received oral doxycycline at 10 mg/kg q 12 h for 5‐days following the tissue chamber inoculation. Faeces were collected prior to the tissue chamber inoculation and until 28‐days post inoculation. Faecal microbiota was characterised by high throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with Mothur and statistical analysis were conducted on R Studio.ResultsA significant decrease in alpha diversity, characterised by a decrease of richness and diversity, and a decrease in beta diversity, characterised by changes in relative abundance, occurred after initiation of and during the administration of doxycycline. A decrease in Verrucomicrobia and increase in Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio occurred following the initiation of treatment, with a return to initial Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio during the treatment. It took 23 days after discontinuing the treatment for the faecal microbiota to return close to the initial state.Main limitationsLack of control population within the study.ConclusionsTransitory intestinal dysbiosis occurs under oral administration of doxycycline in horses.
Satellite observations document trends consistent with a boreal forest biome shift
Authors: Berner Logan T. , Goetz Scott J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe boreal forest biome is a major component of Earth's biosphere and climate system that is projected to shift northward due to continued climate change over the coming century. Indicators of a biome shift will likely first be evident along the climatic margins of the boreal forest and include changes in vegetation productivity, mortality, and recruitment, as well as overall vegetation greenness. However, the extent to which a biome shift is already underway remains unclear because of the local nature of most field studies, sparsity of systematic ground‐based ecological monitoring, and reliance on coarse resolution satellite observations. Here, we evaluated early indicators of a boreal forest biome shift using four decades of moderate resolution (30 m) satellite observations and biogeoclimatic spatial datasets. Specifically, we quantified interannual trends in annual maximum vegetation greenness using an ensemble of vegetation indices derived from Landsat observations at 100,000 sample sites in areas without signs of recent disturbance. We found vegetation greenness increased (greened) at 38 [29, 42] % and 22 [15, 26] % of sample sites from 1985 to 2019 and 2000 to 2019, whereas vegetation greenness decreased (browned) at 13 [9, 15] % and 15 [13, 19] % of sample sites during these respective periods [95% Monte Carlo confidence intervals]. Greening was thus 3.0 [2.6, 3.5] and 1.5 [0.8, 2.0] times more common than browning and primarily occurred in cold sparsely treed areas with high soil nitrogen and moderate summer warming. Conversely, browning primarily occurred in the climatically warmest margins of both the boreal forest biome and major forest types (e.g., evergreen conifer forests), especially in densely treed areas where summers became warmer and drier. These macroecological trends reflect underlying shifts in vegetation productivity, mortality, and recruitment that are consistent with early stages of a boreal biome shift.
Positive behavioural support for children and young people with developmental disabilities in special education settings: A systematic review
Authors: Beqiraj Lorena , Denne Louise D. , Hastings Richard P. , Paris Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPositive behavioural support (PBS) can be effective in supporting children and young people (CYP) with developmental disabilities. This systematic review focused on describing the components and nine characteristics of PBS that have been used with CYP with developmental disabilities in special education settings, and the evidence for PBS effectiveness in these settings. Additionally, facilitators and barriers to PBS implementation, and experiences of stakeholders, were investigated.MethodSystematic searches followed a registered protocol, and 30 studies were identified, narratively synthesised, and critically appraised.ResultsFrom the 30 studies included, 10 reported the presence of all 9 PBS characteristics, 17 reported on 8 PBS characteristics, and 3 reported on 7 characteristics. Overall, 28 studies demonstrated significant decreases in behaviours that challenge and increases in alternative behaviours, if increasing alternative behaviours was part of the interventions.ConclusionsThere was a lack of evidence on facilitators and barriers, and a lack of qualitative studies exploring experiences of stakeholders with PBS in special education settings. The available evidence suggested that not all studies reported on all PBS characteristics when describing the approach followed. In addition, available evidence suggested that most studies demonstrated effectiveness of PBS regarding the measured outcomes. Implications and future directions are discussed.
MG53 attenuates nitrogen mustard‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Li Haichang , Rosas Lucia , Li Zhongguang , Bian Zehua , Li Xiuchun , Choi Kyounghan , Cai Chuanxi , Zhou Xinyu , Tan Tao , Bergdall Valerie , Whitson Bryan , Davis Ian , Ma Jianjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNitrogen mustard (NM) is an alkylating vesicant that causes severe pulmonary injury. Currently, there are no effective means to counteract vesicant‐induced lung injury. MG53 is a vital component of cell membrane repair and lung protection. Here, we show that mice with ablation of MG53 are more susceptible to NM‐induced lung injury than the wild‐type mice. Treatment of wild‐type mice with exogenous recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein ameliorates NM‐induced lung injury by restoring arterial blood oxygen level, by improving dynamic lung compliance and by reducing airway resistance. Exposure of lung epithelial and endothelial cells to NM leads to intracellular oxidative stress that compromises the intrinsic cell membrane repair function of MG53. Exogenous rhMG53 protein applied to the culture medium protects lung epithelial and endothelial cells from NM‐induced membrane injury and oxidative stress, and enhances survival of the cells. Additionally, we show that loss of MG53 leads to increased vulnerability of macrophages to vesicant‐induced cell death. Overall, these findings support the therapeutic potential of rhMG53 to counteract vesicant‐induced lung injury.
Regulation of influenza A virus infection by Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5
Authors: Pushparaj Samuel , Zhu Zhengyu , Huang Chaoqun , More Sunil , Liang Yurong , Lin Kong , Vaddadi Kishore , Liu Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfluenza virus causes approximately 291,000 to 646,000 human deaths worldwide annually. It is also a disease of zoonotic importance, affecting animals such as pigs, horses, and birds. Even though vaccination is being used to prevent influenza virus infection, there are limited options available to treat the disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides that do not translate into proteins. They play important roles in the physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we identified a novel transcript, Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5 that was upregulated by influenza virus. This lncRNA was predominantly located in the nucleus and was not affected by type I interferons. Overexpression of Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5 reduced the influenza viral mRNA and protein levels in cells as well as titres in culture media. Knockdown of Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5 using CRISPR interference enhanced the virus replication. Antiviral activity of Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5 was independent of influenza virus strains. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5 upregulated thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) during influenza virus infection. Overexpression of TXNIP reduced influenza virus infection, suggesting that TXNIP is an antiviral gene. Knockdown of TXNIP abolished the Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5‐mediated increase in influenza virus infection. In conclusion, the newly identified Lnc‐PINK1‐2:5 isoform is an anti‐influenza lncRNA acting through the upregulation of TXNIP gene expression.
Effects of a modified Singh's algorithm care bundle on cannulation success rate in patients with neurological sequelae
Authors: Chen Ruey , Chien Yen‐Chang , Kao Chia‐Man , Jen Hsiu‐Ju , Loh El‐Wui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimProlonged tracheostomy tube placement leads to depression, communicative inconvenience, reduced life quality, and health complications. We retrospectively examined the effects of a modified Singh's algorithm (MOSA) care bundle in tracheostomy tube removal in patients with neurological sequelae.MethodsWe retrieved medical records of 22 tracheostomized patients admitted to our early rehabilitation ward from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 and compared their clinical outcomes before and after the MOSA introduction. We used a decannulation checklist and outcomes of decannulation training to judge the decannulation opportunity in the intervention group. In the control group, the patients received decannulation based on professional judgments.ResultsAge, gender, body mass index, and admission diagnosis were not significantly different between the two groups. While 10 of 13 patients (76.9%) successfully decannulated in the intervention group, only 1 of 9 patients in the control group succeeded (11.1%; p = 0.008). The decannulation evaluation checklist revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups except that the intervention group received more airway patency evaluations (p = 0.027). None of the decannulated patients required tracheostomy tube reinsertion before discharge, and no complications appeared.ConclusionOur study supports the feasibility of MOSA in aiding decannulation among patients with neurological illnesses. Further cluster randomized controlled trials and studies of decision aids and shared decision‐making are warranted to help promote active decannulation.
Ying Yang 1 engagement in brain pathology
Authors: Pabian‐Jewuła Sylwia , Bragiel‐Pieczonka Aneta , Rylski Marcin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we discuss data concerning the involvement of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in the development of brain diseases, highlighting mechanisms of its pathological actions. YY1 plays an important role in the developmental and adult pathology of the nervous system. YY1 is essential for neurulation as well as maintenance and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes regulating both neural and glial tissues of the brain. Lack of a YY1 gene causes many developmental abnormalities and anatomical malformations of the central nervous system (CNS). Once dysregulated, YY1 exerts multiple neuropathological actions being involved in the induction of many brain disorders like stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, autism spectrum disorder, dystonia, and brain tumors. A better understanding of YY1's dysfunction in the nervous system may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies related to YY1's actions.image
Marketing of sugar‐sweetened children's drinks and parents' misperceptions about benefits for young children
Authors: Fleming‐Milici Frances , Phaneuf Lindsay , Harris Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite expert recommendations, US parents often serve sugar‐sweetened children's drinks, including sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks and toddler milks, to young children. This qualitative research explored parents' understanding of common marketing tactics used to promote these drinks and whether they mislead parents to believe the drinks are healthy and/or necessary for children. We conducted nine focus groups in Washington, DC and Hartford, CT with parents of children (9–36 months) of diverse race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (N = 50). Semistructured discussions elicited parents' responses to four concepts designed to correct common misperceptions about toddler milks and sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks (fruit drinks and flavoured waters) by providing information about drink ingredients and potentially misleading marketing tactics. Participants expressed widespread misperceptions about sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks and toddler milks, including perceived healthfulness and benefits for children and confusion between sweetened and unsweetened drink categories (sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks vs. juice, toddler milk vs. infant formula). They confirmed that common marketing strategies contributed to misperceptions, including front‐of‐package claims and marketing messages that imply benefits for children and/or hide problematic ingredients; cross‐branding and product extensions from trusted brands; side‐by‐side shelf placement at retailers; lower price than healthier products; and targeted marketing to children and parents. Some parents expressed anger about deceptive marketing and supported increased regulation and consumer education campaigns. Findings support the need for policies to address potentially misleading marketing of sweetened fruit‐flavoured drinks and toddler milks and revealed opportunities to reduce parents' provision of these drinks through countermarketing campaigns communicated via trusted sources.