bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical and clinical imaging techniques as pathophysiological biomarkers — A preface to the special issue “Brain Imaging”
Authors: Villemagne Victor L. , Li Yulong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the molecular dynamics under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. This special issue on Brain Imaging (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/[ISSN]1471‐4159.brain‐imaging) will highlight some of the recent advances in developing new tools and applying molecular imaging techniques to understand biomarker dynamics in health and diseases.
Coracoid strength as an indicator of wing‐beat propulsion in birds
Authors: Akeda Takumi , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBirds generate a propulsive force by flapping their wings. They use this propulsive force for various locomotion styles, such as aerodynamic flight, wing‐paddle swimming and wing‐assisted incline running. It is therefore important to reveal the origin of flapping ability in the evolution from theropod dinosaurs to birds. However, there are no quantitative indices to reconstruct the flapping abilities of extinct forms based on their skeletal morphology. This study compares the section modulus of the coracoid relative to body mass among various extant birds to test whether the index is correlated with flapping ability. According to a survey of 220 historical bird specimens representing 209 species, 180 genera, 83 families and 30 orders, the section modulus of the coracoid relative to body mass in non‐flapping birds was significantly smaller than that of flapping birds. This indicates that coracoid strength in non‐flapping birds is deemphasised, whereas in flapping birds the strength is emphasised to withstand the contractile force produced by powerful flapping muscles, such as them.pectoralisandm.supracoracoideus. Therefore, the section modulus of the coracoid is expected to be a powerful tool to reveal the origin of powered flight in birds.
Factors associated with facial pressure injury in patients receiving non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation mask: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Wu Pei‐Ling , Li Yi‐Jou , Pai Hsiang‐Chu , Liu Chien‐Chi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate factors associated with facial pressure injury (FPI) in patients receiving non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during hospitalisation in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify predictors of FPI.BackgroundNon‐invasive positive pressure ventilation is a method of treating patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure. However, FPI may occur due to unsuitable nasal‐oral NIPPV masks and discomfort in contact with the skin surface.DesignA retrospective case–control study.MethodsFrom January 2018 to October 2020, a total of 397 patients admitted to a national hospital in Taiwan were enrolled. Patients received NIPPV and routinely used under‐mask prophylactic dressings during hospitalisation. Patients were divided into the non‐FPI group (n = 357) and the FPI group (n = 40). Demographic, clinical characteristics, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores, and Braden Scale scores were collected from medical records. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the contribution of each factor to the FPI, and odds ratios were reported. The STROBE checklist was used in this retrospective case–control study.ResultsThere were significant differences between the groups in age, serum albumin, C‐reactive protein, body mass index (BMI), disease severity, Braden Scale score, length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and use of corticosteroids. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factor for FPI was the Braden Scale score [OR = 1.630 (1.176–2.260)], BMI [OR = 0.396 (0.210–1.784)] and corticosteroids [OR = 0.394 (0.159–1.811)], which were predictors of FPI in patients with NIPPV.ConclusionsFacial pressure injury may still occur in patients who routinely use prophylactic dressings under NIPPV masks. This study provides information on continuing education training for FPI to more accurately identify high‐risk and timely preventive measures to reduce FPI.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAddressing FPI‐related factors to prevent facial skin damage and reduce comorbidities in patients using NIPPV masks.
Pricing Currency Risks
Authors: CHERNOV MIKHAIL , DAHLQUIST MAGNUS , LOCHSTOER LARS 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe currency market features a small cross‐section, and conditional expected returns can be characterized by few signals: interest differential, trend, and mean reversion. We exploit these properties to construct the ex ante mean‐variance efficient portfolio of individual currencies. The portfolio is updated in real time and prices all prominent currency trading strategies, conditionally and unconditionally. The fraction of risk in these assets that does not affect their risk premiums is at least 85%. Extant explanations of carry strategies based on intermediary capital or global volatility are related to these unpriced components, while consumption growth is related to the priced component of returns.
The role of extracellular histones in COVID‐19
Authors: de Vries Femke , Huckriede Joram , Wichapong Kanin , Reutelingsperger Chris , Nicolaes Gerry A. F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) had spread from China and, within 2 months, became a global pandemic. The infection from this disease can cause a diversity of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with an increased risk of vascular hyperpermeability, pulmonary inflammation, extensive lung damage, and thrombosis. One of the host defense systems against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Numerous studies on this disease have revealed the presence of elevated levels of NET components, such as cell‐free DNA, extracellular histones, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase, in plasma, serum, and tracheal aspirates of severe COVID‐19 patients. Extracellular histones, a major component of NETs, are clinically very relevant as they represent promising biomarkers and drug targets, given that several studies have identified histones as key mediators in the onset and progression of various diseases, including COVID‐19. However, the role of extracellular histones in COVID‐19 per se remains relatively underexplored. Histones are nuclear proteins that can be released into the extracellular space via apoptosis, necrosis, or NET formation and are then regarded as cytotoxic damage‐associated molecular patterns that have the potential to damage tissues and impair organ function. This review will highlight the mechanisms of extracellular histone‐mediated cytotoxicity and focus on the role that histones play in COVID‐19. Thereby, this paper facilitates a bench‐to‐bedside view of extracellular histone‐mediated cytotoxicity, its role in COVID‐19, and histones as potential drug targets and biomarkers for future theranostics in the clinical treatment of COVID‐19 patients.
Low‐dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin
Authors: Shami Jessica J. P. , Yan Vincent K. C. , Wei Yue , Alwafi Hassan , Blais Joseph E. , Wan Eric , Wong Carlos K. H. , Cheung Ka Shing , Leung Wai K. , Wong Martin C. S. , Wong Ian C. K. , Chan Esther W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐dose aspirin and metformin have been individually associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Whether their concurrent use in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear.ObjectiveAmong individuals with T2DM taking metformin, we sought to evaluate the association between low‐dose aspirin versus no aspirin and the risk of CRC.MethodsA multiple‐database new‐user cohort study of patients with T2DM taking metformin was conducted between 2007 and 2010 (Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System [CDARS], Hong Kong) and 2007–2016 (The Health Improvement Network [THIN], UK). The primary outcome was incident CRC. Patients were followed from index date of prescription until the earliest occurrence of an outcome of interest, an incident diagnosis of any cancer, death, or until 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Estimates were pooled using an inverse variance random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2.ResultsAfter one‐to‐one propensity‐score matching, 57,534 patients were included (CDARS = 16,276; THIN = 41,258). The median (IQR) follow‐up was 9.3 (6.5–10.7) years in CDARS and 3.2 (1.1–5.8) years in THIN. The concurrent use of low‐dose aspirin and metformin was not associated with a lower risk of CRC compared to metformin only (HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.75–1.05, I2 = 0%).ConclusionLow‐dose aspirin was not associated with a lower risk of CRC in patients with T2DM taking metformin. Our study does not support the routine use of low‐dose aspirin in this population.
Integrative taxonomy of the stalk‐eyed bug genus Chauliops (Heteroptera: Malcidae: Chauliopinae) reveals orogeny‐driven speciation
Authors: Li Yan‐Fei , Wang Shu‐Jing , Zhou Jia‐Yue , Gao Cui‐Qing , Zheng Chen‐Guang , Xue Huai‐Jun , Bu Wen‐Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEconomically significant bean pests of the genus Chauliops are species rich in the areas surrounding the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and provide an excellent system for speciation studies. Here, an integrative taxonomic approach, employing morphological analyses, population genetic methods, and multiple molecular species delimitation methods, was used to clarify the taxonomy of Chauliops in East and Southeast Asia. Four new species (Chauliops parahorizontalis Li & Bu, sp. nov., Chauliops albida Li & Bu, sp. nov., Chauliops bicoloripes Li & Bu, sp. nov., and Chauliops paraconica Li & Bu, sp. nov.) were described, which increases the number of Chauliops species in this area from six to 10; a key for Chauliops species is also provided. Phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation revealed that Chauliops was divided into four clades: Clade A (Chauliops bisontula + [Chauliops horizontalis + C. parahorizontalis sp. nov.]), Clade B (C. albida sp. nov. and C. bicoloripes sp. nov.), Clade C (Chauliops quaternaria and Chauliops zhengi), and Clade D (Chauliops fallax + [Chauliops conica + C. paraconica sp. nov.]). Two species diversification events of Chauliops estimated to have occurred 7–1 million years ago (Ma) and 25–13 Ma were detected. These speciation events were consistent with the two historical uplift events of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, suggesting that orogeny might have provided opportunities for the diversification of Chauliops species on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our findings show that population genetic analyses can be used to delimit related species and that orogeny is a key driver of species diversification on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Strategies to identify and dissect trade‐offs in plants
Authors: Laitinen Roosa A. E. , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrade‐offs between traits arise and reflect constraints imposed by the environment and physicochemical laws. Trade‐off situations are expected to be highly relevant for sessile plants, which have to respond to changes in the environment to ensure survival. Despite increasing interest in determining the genetic and molecular basis of plant trade‐offs, there are still gaps and differences with respect to how trade‐offs are defined, how they are measured, and how their genetic architecture is dissected. The first step to fill these gaps is to establish what is meant by trade‐offs. In this review we provide a classification of the existing definitions of trade‐offs according to: (1) the measures used for their quantification, (2) the dependence of trade‐offs on environment, and (3) experimental designed used (i.e. a single individual across different environments or a population of individuals in single or multiple environments). We then compare the approaches for quantification of trade‐offs based on phenotypic, between‐individual, and genetic correlations, and stress the need for developing further quantification indices particularly for trade‐offs between multiple traits. Lastly, we highlight the genetic mechanisms underpinning trade‐offs and experimental designs that facilitate their discovery in plants, with focus on usage of natural variability. This review also offers a perspective for future research aimed at identification of plant trade‐offs, dissection of their genetic architecture, and development of strategies to overcome trade‐offs, with applications in crop breeding.
Autoencoders for unsupervised real‐time bridge health assessment
Authors: Giglioni Valentina , Venanzi Ilaria , Poggioni Valentina , Milani Alfredo , Ubertini Filippo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, the rising number of aging infrastructures has progressively fueled much interest toward the field of structural health monitoring. Following the increasing popularity of artificial intelligence algorithms, an autoencoder‐based damage detection technique within the context of unsupervised learning is proposed in this paper to provide support for practical engineering applications. The developed methodology uses the autoencoder to reconstruct raw acceleration sequences of user‐defined length collected from a healthy structure. To quantify the errors between the original input and the reconstructed output, which may be representative of damage occurrence, two indexes of reconstruction loss are selected as damage‐sensitive features. To support damage detection, a selected number of short‐time sequences are finally grouped into a unique macrosequence. The novel procedure can effectively both work at the single sensor level, as well as combine the predictive models using an ensemble learning strategy. Avoiding system identification, results obtained in the Z24 bridge demonstrate that the proposed method is quite effective for local damage detection with limited computational effort and using a limited number of sensors, thereby suitable to be easily applicable in the context of real‐time bridge assessment.
Home ranges and diving behavior of endangered New Zealand sea lions along the Catlins coast of South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Reed Nathan , Childerhouse Simon , Robertson Bruce C. , Davis Randall W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNew Zealand sea lions (NZSL, Phocarctos hookeri) were extirpated from mainland New Zealand during pre‐European subsistence hunting. They began reoccupying South Island in 1994, and the newest breeding colony arose in 2006 along the Catlins Coast on southeastern South Island and currently consists of <10 individuals. The goal of this study was to use animal‐borne satellite telemeters and miniature data recorders (MDRs) to determine home ranges, three‐dimensional movements, and foraging strategy of female NZSL along the Catlins Coast during the austral winter of 2019. Total home ranges were small (97 km2) and primarily restricted to nearshore areas. Dives were shallow (8.9 m), short in duration (1.4 min), and had a mean swimming speed of 1.5 m s−1. We identified three dive types based primarily on total dive duration, mean maximum depth, total distance swam, and path linearity. The estimated at‐sea metabolic rate varied among dive types because of differences in flipper stroke frequency and swim speed. Female NZSL along the Catlins Coast have smaller home ranges and make shorter foraging trips compared with females in the Auckland Islands, and suitable habitat for breeding and prey availability along the southeast coast are encouraging for future population growth.
Active screening of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis with serum beta‐glucan and endotracheal aspirates galactomannan and fungal culture
Authors: Pavone Paolo , Russello Giuseppe , Salati Giovanni , Corsini Romina , Salsi Pierpaolo , Vizzini Loredana , Lombardini Cristina , Spaggiari Lucia , Besutti Giulia , Menozzi Valentina , Spadoni Anna , Facciolongo Nicola , Piro Roberto , Carretto Edoardo , Massari Marco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince February 2021 active screening of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been implemented in our institution.ObjectivesTo evaluate CAPA incidence in our centre and evaluate performance of our screening protocol.MethodsWe screened once per week, collecting endotracheal aspirates for fungal culture and galactomannan (GM) and serum for 1,3‐ß‐D‐glucan (BG). In case of positivity (GM more than 4.5, platelia assay, and/or BG >7 pg/ml, wako and/or positive fungal culture), second‐level investigations were performed to pursue CAPA diagnosis according to ECMM/ISHAM criteria: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fungal culture and GM, chest computed tomography (CT), serum GM.ResultsA total of 102 patients were screened (median age 64 years, range 39–79; 28 (27.4%) females). Twenty‐two patients were diagnosed with CAPA (21%). 12 patients were positive for serum BG, 17 patients were positive for endotracheal aspirates GM and 27 patients were positive for endotracheal aspirates fungal culture. Thirty‐two BALs were performed, and 26 patients underwent CT chest. Following the second level investigations 61% of the patients with positive screening tests were diagnosed with CAPA. Serum BG above 20 pg/ml or positive serum GM were always associated with typical CT chest signs of aspergillosis. Compared with 1 single positive test, having 2 positive screening test was significantly more associated with CAPA diagnosis (p = .0004).ConclusionsActive CAPA screening with serum 1,3‐ß‐D‐glucan and endotracheal aspirates galactomannan and fungal cultures and consequent second level investigations led to high number of CAPA diagnosis. Combining more positive fungal biomarkers was more predictive of CAPA diagnosis.
Autologous Osteoperiosteal Transplantation for the Treatment of Large Cystic Talar Osteochondral Lesions
Authors: Guo Hao , Chen Zhuhong , Wei Yuxuan , Chen Botao , Sun Nian , Liu Yijun , Zeng Canjun 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe effectiveness of autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (AOPT) for the treatment of large cystic talar osteochondral lesions (OCLs) should be further evaluated, and the postoperative cartilage coverage is questionable. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of AOPT for the treatment of large cystic talar OCLs and to report second‐look arthroscopic results.MethodsFrom June 1, 2017, to June 1, 2021, all talar OCLs at our center were reviewed. Painful cystic lesions treated with AOPT were included in the study. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS; 0–100 points) ankle‐hindfoot score, Foot Function Index (FFI; 0–100 points), visual analog scale (VAS; 0–10 points) score, and Tegner score (0–10 points) were used to describe pain and functional outcomes. Furthermore, complications, patient‐reported satisfaction degrees, imaging results (including computed tomography and magnetic resonance), and second‐look arthroscopic evaluation data were also collected for analysis.ResultsA total of 29 cases were eligible for the study, and 26 responded to the latest follow‐up request, with a mean follow‐up duration of 30.2 (range, 12–57) months. The AOFAS score improved from 69.2 ± 10.9 preoperatively to 80.9 ± 10.0 at the latest follow‐up (p = 0.000). The FFI score improved from 30.4 ± 18.4 preoperatively to 16.3 ± 14.0 at the latest follow‐up (p = 0.000). The VAS pain score improved from 4.0 ± 2.1 preoperatively to 2.5 ± 2.0 at the latest follow‐up (p = 0.001). No donor site morbidity was found. The mean postoperative MOCART score was 57.7 ± 9.5. Second‐look arthroscopy showed a fibrillated cartilage‐like surface at the lesion site in most cases, while two cases exhibited a nearly normal surface.ConclusionThe transplantation of osteoperiosteal cylinder autografts taken from the iliac crest for the treatment of large cystic talar OCLs yielded acceptable clinical results. Good integration of the bony part was observed, but cartilage regeneration remained uncertain.
Food allergy in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐11
Authors: Tanno Luciana Kase , Demoly Pascal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are increasing global data regarding the prevalence of food allergy and food‐induced anaphylaxis. However, knowledge in morbidity and mortality epidemiological data is still not optimal, and international comparable standards remain poorly accessed. This information could in turn support better clinical practice and possibly prevent future severe reactions and avoidable fatalities. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the standard diagnostic tool used for epidemiology, health management, and clinical purposes supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is also used to determine health care payment and reimbursement of providers and health care services in hospitals. Thanks to the academic and technical efforts under the ALLERGY in ICD‐11 initiative the pioneer “Allergy and hypersensitivity conditions” section has been built under the “Disorders of the Immune System” chapter of the ICD‐11. The “Food hypersensitivity” (FH) subsection is classified under the “Complex allergic or hypersensitivity conditions” section and “Food‐induced anaphylaxis” is under the “Anaphylaxis” section. In order to inform the development of strategies to reduce preventable FHs/food allergies, the burden of disease in different healthcare settings and patient populations and their common etiologies need to be understood. Besides, greater specificity regarding clinical conditions and services delivered will provide payers, policy makers, and providers with better information to make major refinements to countries payment and reimbursement systems, including the design and implementation of pay‐for‐performance program.The new classification addressed to FHs will enable the collection of more accurate epidemiological data to support quality management of patients with FHs/food allergies, and better facilitate health care planning and decision‐making and public health measures to prevent and reduce their morbidity and mortality. The improved logic and standardized definitions through the ICD‐11 (and other WHO classifications) will also facilitate international comparisons of quality care and the sharing of best practice globally.
Eosinophilic pustule smear in the diagnosis of pediatric post‐transplant eosinophilic folliculitis
Authors: Pupa Lauren , Blessing Melissa M. , Hunt Raegan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHematologic‐associated eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a subtype of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) which develops in patients with underlying hematological malignancies after treatment with chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant (BMT), or stem cell transplant (SCT). Few cases of hematological‐associated EPF have been reported in pediatric patients. Skin biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. We describe a case in which Wright staining of a pustule smear for eosinophils provided data to rapidly support a clinical diagnosis of hematologic‐associated EPF.