bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experimental measurement of the thermal emissivity of a black coating from 50 K to 300 K
Authors: Zhang S Y , Shen F Z , Liu H M , Huang C J , Li L F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High-emissivity coatings are commonly applied in satellite detectors and large-scale cryogenic systems. Accurate and quick measurement of emissivity is in high demand for practical applications at cryogenic temperatures. In this paper, a method for the measurement of the total hemispherical emissivity from 50 K to 300 K was presented based on the static calorimetric method. A two-stage GM cryocooler was used as a cooling source in the measuring device without assumption of cryogenic liquids. The thermal emissivity of a black carbon coating was measured by monitoring temperatures timely in the device. The tested results exhibited good accordance with previous reports. This cryogenic measurement device has made it a strong candidate for the radiative heat dissipation at cryogenic temperatures. Design details of the experiment and measurement results will be presented.
Superconducting-like and magnetic transitions in oxygen-implanted diamond-like and amorphous carbon films, and in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Authors: Gheorghiu N , Ebbing C R , Murphy J P , Pierce B T , Haugan T J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In our previously published work, we have reported colossal magnetoresistance, Andreev oscillations, ferromagnetism, and granular superconductivity in oxygen-implanted carbon fibers, graphite foils, and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). In this follow-up research, more results on these oxygen-implanted graphite samples are presented. We show results from transport measurements on oxygen-implanted diamond-like carbon thin coatings, amorphous carbon films, and HOPG. Significantly, a three-order magnitude drop in the electrical resistance of the oxygen-implanted diamond-like carbon films is observed at the 50 K temperature that we have previously reported for the transition to the superconducting state. Below 50 K, the films’ resistance oscillates between the high and low resistance states, less when the sample is under a transverse magnetic field. This metastability between the insulating and superconducting-like states possibly reflects the evolution of the amplitude for the superconducting order parameter also known as the longitudinal Higgs mode. Transitions to low resistance state and metastability are also observed for amorphous carbon films. Finally, the HOPG samples’ resistance have a thermally activated term that can be understood on the basis of the Langer–Ambegaokar–McCumber–Halperin model applied to narrow SC channels in which thermal fluctuations can cause phase slips. We also find that in oxygen-implanted carbon materials, the electron charge and spin correlations do not compete and their interplay rather facilitates the emergence of high-temperature superconductivity, and thus, additional unexpected effects like Heisenberg spin waves and magneto-structural transitions are observed.
Smart acoustic 3D cell construct assembly with high-resolution
Authors: Hu Xuejia , Zheng Jingjing , Hu Qinghao , Liang Li , Yang Dongyong , Cheng Yanxiang , Li Sen-Sen , Chen Lu-Jian , Yang Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Precise and flexible three-dimensional (3D) cell construct assembly using external forces or fields can produce micro-scale cellular architectures with intercellular connections, which is an important prerequisite to reproducing the structures and functions of biological systems. Currently, it is also a substantial challenge in the bioengineering field. Here, we propose a smart acoustic 3D cell assembly strategy that utilizes a 3D printed module and hydrogel sheets. Digitally controlled six wave beams offer a high degree of freedom (including wave vector combination, frequency, phase, and amplitude) that enables versatile biomimetic micro cellular patterns in hydrogel sheets. Further, replaceable frames can be used to fix the acoustic-built micro-scale cellular structures in these sheets, enabling user-defined hierarchical or heterogeneous constructs through layer-by-layer assembly. This strategy can be employed to construct vasculature with different diameters and lengths, composed of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. These constructs can also induce controllable vascular network formation. Overall, the findings of this work extend the capabilities of acoustic cell assembly into 3D space, offering advantages including innovative, flexible, and precise patterning, and displaying great potential for the manufacture of various artificial tissue structures that duplicate in vivo functions.
Investigation of the interaction between NS-DBD plasma-induced vortexes and separated flow over a swept wing
Authors: LIU 刘 Bei 备 , LIANG 梁 Hua 华 , ZHENG 郑 Borui 博睿 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The effect of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (NS-DBD) plasma flow separation control is closely related to the actuation frequency, because it involves the interaction between plasma-induced vortexes and separated flow. In order to study the mechanism of NS-DBD plasma flow separation control over a swept wing, especially the influence of the actuation frequency, at first, experimental studies of the actuation frequencies at 100 Hz are conducted to validate the numerical simulation method. Then, numerical studies of different actuation frequencies which are 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 160 Hz, 200 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz, respectively are conducted. The interaction between the plasma-induced vortexes and the separated flow is analyzed. Results show that there is a range of the actuation frequency which includes the frequency (160 Hz) calculated by the average aerodynamic chord length to make the control effect good, but when the actuation frequencies are too low (50 Hz) or too high (1000 Hz), the control effect will get worse. The former is because plasma-induced vortexes disappear in a period within an actuation cycle; the latter is because plasma-induced vortexes cannot develop completely, resulting in a weak vortex intensity.
Estimation of the lifespan distribution of gold nanoparticles stabilized with lipoic acid by accelerated degradation tests and wiener process
Authors: Sánchez-Santamaría Betania , Mederos Boris , Cornejo-Monroy Delfino , Molina-Arredondo Rey David , Castaño Víctor M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Accelerated degradation tests (ADT) are widely used in the manufacturing industry to obtain information on the reliability of components and materials, by degrading the lifespan of the product by applying an acceleration factor that damage to the material. The main objective is to obtain fast information which is modeled to estimate the characteristics of the material life under normal conditions of use and to save time and expenses. The purpose of this work is to estimate the lifespan distribution of gold nanoparticles stabilized with lipoic acid (GNPs@LA) through accelerated degradation tests applying sodium chloride (NaCl) as an acceleration factor. For this, the synthesis of GNPs@LA was carried out, a constant stress ADT (CSADT) was applied, and the non-linear Wiener process was proposed with random effects, error measures, and different covariability for the adjustment of the degradation signals. The information obtained with the test and analysis allows us to obtain the life distribution in GNPs@LA, the results make it possible to determine the guaranteed time for possible commercialization and successful application based on the stability of the material. In addition, for the evaluation and selection of the model, the Akaike and Bootstrapping criteria were used.
Patterned Outcomes, Unpatterned Counterfactuals, and Spurious Results: Perinatal Health Outcomes Following COVID-19
Authors: Gemmill Alison , Casey Joan A , Margerison Claire E , Zeitlin Jennifer , Catalano Ralph , Bruckner Tim A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe epidemiologic literature estimating the indirect or secondary effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pregnant people and gestation continues to grow. Our assessment of this scholarship, however, leads us to suspect that the methods most commonly used may lead researchers to spurious inferences. This suspicion arises because the methods do not account for temporal patterning in perinatal outcomes when deriving counterfactuals, or estimates of the outcomes had the pandemic not occurred. We illustrate the problem in 2 ways. First, using monthly data from US birth certificates, we describe temporal patterning in 5 commonly used perinatal outcomes. Notably, for all but 1 outcome, temporal patterns appear more complex than much of the emerging literature assumes. Second, using data from France, we show that using counterfactuals that ignore this complexity produces spurious results. We recommend that subsequent investigations on COVID-19 and other perturbations use widely available time-series methods to derive counterfactuals that account for strong temporal patterning in perinatal outcomes.
A new perspective: Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in ambulatory care in 2020
Authors: Gazda Nicholas P , Vest Tyler A , Peek Grayson K , Eckel Stephen F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the ambulatory care medication-use process (ACMUP) from calendar year 2020 that can impact ambulatory pharmacy practice.

Summary
The medication-use process is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment and was reimagined to focus on new innovations and advancements in ambulatory pharmacy practice. The ACMUP is defined in this article as having the following components: transitions of care, prescribing and collaborative practice, accessing care, adherence, and monitoring and quality. Articles evaluating at least one step of the ACMUP were assessed for their usefulness toward practice improvement. A PubMed search covering calendar year 2020 was conducted in January 2021 using targeted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords and the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals, providing a total of 9,433 articles. A thorough review identified 65 potentially practice-enhancing articles: 14 for transitions of care, 19 for prescribing and collaborative practice, 10 for adherence, 6 for accessing care, and 16 for monitoring and quality. Ranking of the articles for importance by peers led to the selection of key articles from each category. The highest-ranked articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why each article is important. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation.

Conclusion
It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. This article is the first to define and evaluate the currently published literature pertinent to the ACMUP. As healthcare continues to advance and care shifts to ambulatory settings, the ACMUP will continue to be a crucial process to evaluate.
Lasers and Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Pathological Scars: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Xuan-Jun , Liu Wen-Hui , Fang Shao-Wen , Zhou Xin-Long , Xu Jia-Xiang , Li Guang-Shuai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) therapies have shown promising effects on pathological scars, but the comparative effectiveness of laser and IPL therapies has not yet been studied.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare and rank the efficacy of laser and IPL therapies to determine the most effective treatment method for pathological scars.

Methods
Relevant studies published up to February 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. We defined Vancouver Scar Scale score as the primary outcome. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches were used to perform a network meta-analysis.

Results
We included 25 trials with a total of 1688 participants. The rankings based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve for the Vancouver Scar Scale score based on the Bayesian approach suggested IPL + CO2 (96.43%) &gt; pulsed dye laser (PDL) + 1064-nm Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser (86.21%) &gt; PDL + CO2 (82.15%) &gt; CO2 (58.97%) &gt; 1064-nm Nd:YAG (57.03%) &gt; PDL (52%) &gt; 532-nm Nd:YAG (33.28%) &gt; Er:YAG + IPL (28.38%) &gt; Er:YAG (26.56%) &gt; IPL (15.03%) &gt; control (13.97%). The ranking results based on the frequentist approach were basically consistent with those based on the Bayesian approach.

Conclusions
The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the combination of IPL and CO2 laser has the highest probability of being the most effective intervention. However, our conclusions must be interpreted with caution due to the relatively few evaluation indicators included in our study. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm our conclusions.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography to Demonstrate Dark and Light Adaptation in a Live Moth
Authors: Berry Simon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To work effectively, the eyes of nocturnal insects have a problem they must overcome. During the night, the light levels are low, so their eyes need to be very sensitive; but they also need a way of adapting to environmental light conditions, and protecting those sensitive organs, if a bright light is encountered. Human eyes have a pupil that changes size to regulate light input to the eye. Moths (Lepidoptera) use a light absorbing pigment that moves position to limit the light within the eye. This pigment migration is difficult to record because it is a dynamic process and will only occur in a live moth. This paper presents the first use of Ocular Coherence Tomography as a method of viewing anatomical detail in a compound eye. This is noninvasive and does not harm the insect. To demonstrate the effectiveness, this article documents the dynamic process of light adaptation within a moth’s eye.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation for very early bioprosthetic tricuspid stenosis secondary to pacemaker lead entrapment: a case report
Authors: Saad Shaukat Muhammad Hamza , Stys Julia , Stys Adam , Stys Tomasz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Tricuspid stenosis (native and prosthetic) is rare. Redo-sternotomy for isolated tricuspid replacement is associated with a higher risk. The efficacy and durability of transcatheter valve implantation for severe tricuspid stenosis are unclear.

Case summary
Successful tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation (Edwards 26 mm Ultra) was performed to exteriorize a retained, unextractable pacemaker lead causing very early surgical bioprosthetic valve dysfunction in a 66-year-old Caucasian woman. The original indication for surgical replacement was pacemaker lead-related severe tricuspid regurgitation. History of CABG and subsequent surgical replacement rendered the risk of a third sternotomy and open-heart surgery prohibitive.

Conclusion
Successful reduction in the severity of bioprosthetic tricuspid stenosis and improvement of right heart failure with transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation was observed. Percutaneous tricuspid valve implantation could be considered an alternative to redo-sternotomy for severe bioprosthetic tricuspid stenosis.
Case report of an S-ICD implantation for secondary prevention in a patient with complex congenital heart disease, dextrocardia, and situs solitus
Authors: Wiedmann Felix , De Simone Raffaele , Rose Peter , Karck Matthias , Gorenflo Matthias , Frey Norbert , Schmidt Constanze 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Dextrocardia is a congenital anomaly in which the apex of the heart is abnormally located on the right side of the chest. Situs solitus describes viscera that are in the normal position, with the stomach on the left side. In these patients, implantation of transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can be limited by anatomical abnormalities commonly associated with this condition.

Case summary
We present the case of a young female patient with absent right atrioventricular connection, morphologically left systemic ventricle, muscular restrictive ventricular septal defect, and dextrocardia with situs solitus who was indicated for secondary prophylactic ICD implantation after resuscitation for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Due to a bilateral bidirectional Glenn anastomosis, transvenous access via the vena cava superior to the right ventricle could not be achieved. For this reason, we successfully implanted a subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) with an individually optimized right parasternal electrode position. Potential complications of epimyocardial implantation via re-thoracotomy could thus be circumvented.

Discussion
In patients with complex congenital heart disease, the S-ICD is an effective method of preventing sudden cardiac death. Our case report demonstrates the feasibility of left S-ICD implantation even in the presence of dextrocardia with situs solitus.
Upper crustal structure at the KTB drilling site from ambient noise tomography
Authors: Qorbani Ehsan , Kolínský Petr , Bianchi Irene , Zigone Dimitri , Bokelmann Götz 
Published: June 2022

Summary
In this study, we show results from ambient noise tomography around the KTB (Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), a continental deep drilling site located at the western edge of the Bohemian Massif, within the Variscan belt of Europe. At the KTB site, crustal rocks have been drilled down to 9 km depth. Before the drilling activity started, several active seismic surveys had been performed to explore its surroundings during the 1980s and early 1990s, in the frame of an extensive exploration of the area aimed at unravelling the characteristics of the continental lower crust that is exposed at surface in this location. Despite the exploration campaigns held at and around the KTB drilling site, there are important targets that are worth further investigation; these are related in particular to the obduction of lower crustal units to the surface, and to the mechanism of orogenic processes in general. Here we present a new 3-D shear wave velocity model of the area from cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise. The model is obtained by a unique data set composed of 2 yr of continuous data recorded at nine 3-component temporary stations (installed from July 2012 to July 2014) located on top and around the drilling site, and together with the data from 19 permanent stations throughout the region. This paper is focusing on the upper crustal layers, and we show velocity variations at short scales that correlate well with known geological structures in the region of the KTB site, at the surface and at depth. These are used to discuss features that are less well-resolved at present.
The Evolution of Mechanical Properties of Conifer and Angiosperm Woods
Authors: Higham Timothy E , Schmitz Lars , Niklas Karl J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The material properties of the cells and tissues of an organism dictate, to a very large degree, the ability of the organism to cope with the mechanical stresses induced by externally applied forces. It is, therefore, critical to understand how these properties differ across diverse species and how they have evolved. Herein, a large data base (N = 84 species) for the mechanical properties of wood samples measured at biologically natural moisture contents (i.e., “green wood”) was analyzed to determine the extent to which these properties are correlated across phylogenetically diverse tree species, to determine if a phylogenetic pattern of trait values exists, and, if so, to assess whether the rate of trait evolution varies across the phylogeny. The phylogenetic comparative analyses presented here confirm previous results that critical material properties are significantly correlated with one another and with wood density. Although the rates of trait evolution of angiosperms and gymnosperms (i.e., conifers) are similar, the material properties of both clades evolved in distinct selective regimes that are phenotypically manifested in lower values across all material properties in gymnosperms. This observation may be related to the structural differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm wood such as the presence of vessels in angiosperms. Explorations of rate heterogeneity indicate high rates of trait evolution in wood density in clades within both conifers and angiosperms (e.g., Pinus and Shorea). Future analyses are warranted using additional data given these preliminary results, especially because there is ample evidence of convergent evolution in the material properties of conifers and angiosperm wood that appear to experience similar ecological conditions.
Antimicrobial stewardship using electronic prescribing systems in hospital settings: a scoping review of interventions and outcome measures
Authors: Jenkins J A , Pontefract S K , Cresswell K , Williams R , Sheikh A , Coleman J J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To identify interventions implemented in hospital electronic prescribing systems and the outcome measures used to monitor their impact.

Methods
We systematically searched CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Medline using keywords in three strands: (i) population: hospital inpatient or emergency department; (ii) intervention: electronic prescribing functionality; and (iii) outcome: antimicrobial stewardship. The interventions were grouped into six themes: alerts, order sets, restriction of access, mandated documentation, embedded guidelines and automatic prescription stop. The outcome measures were organized into those that measure the quality or quantity of prescribing or clinical decision support (CDS) activity. The impact of each intervention reported was grouped into a positive, negative or no change.

Results
A total of 28 studies were eligible for inclusion. There were 28 different interventions grouped into the six themes. Alerts visible to the practitioner in the electronic health record (EHR) were most frequently implemented (n = 11/28). Twenty different outcome measures were identified, divided into quality (n = 13/20) and quantity outcomes (n = 4/20) and CDS activity (n = 3/20). One-third of outcomes reported across the 28 studies showed positive change (34.4%, n = 42/122) and 61.4% (n = 75/122) showed no change.

Conclusions
The most frequently implemented interventions were alerts, the majority of which were to influence behaviour or decision-making of the practitioner within the EHR. Quality outcomes were most frequently selected by researchers. The review supports previous research that larger well-designed randomized studies are needed to investigate the impact of interventions on AMS and outcome measures to be standardized.
Significant UK Environmental Law Cases 2021–22
Authors: Helme Ned , Boukraa Adam , David Stephanie , Leydon Eleanor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article comments on significant UK environmental law cases for the period 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. It begins with an overarching introduction focussing on the standard of review in environmental claims in the public law context and drawing attention to tension on the domestic bench on matters of approach. It then addresses a selection of significant cases in the fields of climate change (both inside and outside the environmental impact assessment regime), strategic environmental assessment, habitats, species, discretion under section 31(2A) of the Senior Courts Act 1981, representative actions under CPR Rule 19.6, waste, licensing and human rights.