bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Comparison of Sonographic Methods for In Vivo Measurement of Human Biceps Femoris Long-Head Architecture
Authors: BRUSCO CLARISSA M. , PINTO RONEI S. , BLAZEVICH ANTHONY J. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Biceps femoris long-head fascicle length (L
f), fascicle angle (FA), and muscle thickness (MT) estimates obtained across 2 d from extended field-of-view (EFOV) sonographic images were compared with those measured from a collage of single ultrasound images (to visualize entire fascicles) as well as a range of geometric equations and extrapolation methods used on single images. Both test validity and intraday reliability were determined.

Methods
Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women) were tested on two occasions (day 1 and day 2), 7 d apart at the same time of day for test–retest measurements. Ultrasound imaging was performed using EFOV and static image acquisition sequences; in the latter, four single images were acquired in-series along the muscle. From these images, L
f was assessed using seven methods: EFOV, collage, manual linear extrapolation, and four different trigonometric equations (termed equations A, B, C, and D), and FA and MT were measured in EFOV, collage, and single images.

Results

L
f, FA, and MT measured on days 1 and 2 were not different (P > 0.05) for any method, reliabilities were very high (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.91–0.98), and correlations were strong (≥0.84). Significant correlations (P < 0.05; r = 0.67–0.98) were found between EFOV and the other measurement techniques for L
f, FA, and MT. The collage method had the highest reliability for L
f, and highest rank order and correlation with EFOV.

Conclusions
Although the six different techniques used to estimate L
f provided values similar to EFOV, higher between-subject measurement variability was observed with trigonometric equations, and the collage method described herein provided the most accurate and reliable results and is therefore recommended for biceps femoris long-head architectural analysis when EFOV is not available.
Enhanced Bone Size, Microarchitecture, and Strength in Female Runners with a History of Playing Multidirectional Sports
Authors: WARDEN STUART J. , SVENTECKIS AUSTIN M. , SUROWIEC RACHEL K. , FUCHS ROBYN K. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Female runners have high rates of bone stress injuries (BSIs), including stress reactions and fractures. The current study explored multidirectional sports (MDS) played when younger as a potential means of building stronger bones to reduce BSI risk in these athletes.

Methods
Female collegiate-level cross-country runners were recruited into groups: 1) RUN, history of training and/or competing in cross-country, recreational running/jogging, swimming, and/or cycling only, and 2) RUN + MDS, additional history of training and/or competing in soccer or basketball. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to assess the distal tibia, common BSI sites (diaphysis of the tibia, fibula, and second metatarsal), and high-risk BSI sites (base of the second metatarsal, navicular, and proximal diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal). Scans of the radius were used as control sites.

Results
At the distal tibia, RUN + MDS (n = 18) had enhanced cortical area (+17.1%) and thickness (+15.8%), and greater trabecular bone volume fraction (+14.6%) and thickness (+8.3%) compared with RUN (n = 14; all P < 0.005). Failure load was 19.5% higher in RUN + MDS (P < 0.001). The fibula diaphysis in RUN + MDS had an 11.6% greater total area and a 11.1% greater failure load (all P ≤ 0.03). At the second metatarsal diaphysis, total area in RUN + MDS was 10.4% larger with greater cortical area and thickness and 18.6% greater failure load (all P < 0.05). RUN + MDS had greater trabecular thickness at the base of the second metatarsal and navicular and greater cortical area and thickness at the proximal diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal (all P ≤ 0.02). No differences were observed at the tibial diaphysis or radius.

Conclusions
These findings support recommendations that athletes delay specialization in running and play MDS when younger to build a more robust skeleton and potentially prevent BSIs.
Similar Postexercise Hypotension After MICT, HIIT, and SIT Exercises in Middle-Age Adults
Authors: MCCARTHY SETH F. , FERGUSON EMILY J. , JAROSZ CLAUDIA , KENNO KENJI A. , HAZELL TOM J. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Acute bouts of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) transiently lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the hours after termed postexercise hypotension (PEH); however, the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) exercise have yet to be explored in middle-age adults. Although previous work has found no effect of exercise intensity on PEH, no study has compared submaximal, near maximal, and supramaximal intensities, specifically in middle-age adults where blood pressure (BP) management strategies may be of greater importance.

Purpose
This study examined the effects of MICT, HIIT, and SIT exercises on PEH in the immediate (≤2 h) and 24 h after exercise specifically in middle-age adults.

Methods
Fourteen participants (10 female; age, 46 ± 9 yr; SBP, 116 ± 11 mm Hg; DBP, 67 ± 6 mm Hg; one hypertensive, four prehypertensive, nine normotensive) had their BP measured before, immediately (15, 30, 60, 120 min), and over 24 h after four experimental sessions: 1) 30-min MICT exercise (65% maximal oxygen consumption), 2) 20-min HIIT exercise (10 × 1 min at 90% maximum heart rate with 1-min rest), 3) 16-min SIT exercise (8 × 15 s all-out sprints with 2-min rest), and 4) no-exercise control. Postexercise BP was compared with no-exercise control.

Results
PEH was similar for all exercise sessions for SBP (P = 0.388,

= 0.075) and DBP (P = 0.206,

= 0.108). Twenty-four-hour average SBP was similar for all sessions P = 0.453,

= 0.069), and DBP was similar over 24 h except after MICT exercise compared with HIIT exercise (P = 0.018, d = 1.04).

Conclusions
In middle-age adults, MICT, HIIT, and SIT exercises are effective at reducing SBP; however, the effects on DBP are smaller, and neither reductions are sustained over 24 h.
The role of personality traits and engagement factors towards the use of paid stickers in personal communication messages
Authors: Sawmong Sudaporn 
Published: August 2022

Background:The research investigated the personality traits and engagement factors that influence the use of paid stickers in personal communication. The study was driven by the increasing significance of stickers such as emoticons and emojis in online dialogues. The study was hinged on the Theory of the big five personality traits; neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The study tested seven hypotheses to ascertain the effect of personality traits and engagement factors towards the utilization of paid stickers in personal communication.Methods:The research applied the quantitative survey research design, where primary data was collected from respondents that had experience in using emojis and emoticons in their communications. The data was collected from respondents in Bangkok, Thailand using a structured questionnaire between May 14, 2022, and May 31, 2022. Results:The results from 391 respondents indicated that conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism influence perceived enjoyment, while perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use have a significant and positive influence on the intention to use paid stickers. Two elements of engagement, interactive engagement, and personal engagement were used to assess the influence of engagement parameters on the behavioral intention to use paid stickers. The intention to employ paid stickers in personal messages was found to be strongly and favorably influenced by these two engagement characteristics.Conclusions:The study recommends that the creators of stickers, emoticons, and emojis should consider user personality features, sticker engagement, sticker simplicity of use, and the personal delight of users in the creative and communication process. The study concludes that perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use have a large and favorable impact on the use of paid stickers. The study's main limitation was that it focused on one area of social media. This must be taken into account when applying the findings.
New findings on ligand series used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors within the frameworks of molecular docking, molecular quantum similarity and chemical reactivity indices
Authors: Morales-Bayuelo Alejandro , Sánchez-Márquez Jesús 
Published: August 2022

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 virus causes an infectious illness named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus from the Betacoronavirus genus. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has an important role in the viral life cycle and its active site is a very accessible region, thus a potential therapeutic approach may be to target this region to study the inhibition of viral replication. Various preexisting drugs have been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 and the use of existing antiviral agents may reduce the time and cost of new drug discoveries, but the efficacy of these drugs is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a number of ligands used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors to determine the suitability of them for potential COVID-19 treatment. Methods: In this study, we selected a series of ligands used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors such as: abacavir, acyclovir, amprenavir, ascorbic acid vitamin C, azithromycin, baloxavir, boceprevir, cholecalciferol vitamin D, cidofovir, edoxudine, emtricitabine, hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir. These ligands were analyzed using molecular docking, molecular quantum similarity, and chemical reactivity indices defined within a conceptual density functional theory framework. Results: The analysis of molecular quantum similarity indices on inhibitors showed a high number of differences from a structural point of view. However, they are quite similar in their electronic density, obtaining the highest values in the electronic similarity index. Global and local chemical reactivity indices were analyzed. Conclusions: These studies allowed for the identification of the main stabilizing interactions using the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The molecular quantum similarity and chemical reactivity descriptors provide novel insights into these ligands that can be used in the design of new COVID-19 treatments.
Speech disorders in primary progressive aphasia (PPA)
Authors: Mielniczek Katarzyna , Lipiec Marta , Dołomisiewicz Diana , Jóźwik Katarzyna , Kowalska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2022

Introduction : Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a group of neurodegenerative disorders whose main feature is speech and language dysfunction. There are three main forms of PPA - non-fluent variant - agrammatic (nfvPPA), semantic variant (svPPA) and logopenic variant (lvPPA). These include the canonical syndromes currently recognized by consensus diagnostic criteria.
. Material and method : An overview of language disorders in primary progressive aphasia is presented. The impact on the conversation process and the patient's quality of life assessment was evaluated. The work was based on scientific publications posted on the scientific platform PubMed.
Results : In order to diagnose PPA, criteria must be met, i.e., language difficulties are the main feature of the clinical picture, language difficulties are the main cause of disability in daily life, and that aphasia is the most significant disorder in the initial period of the disease.
Conclusions : PPA significantly affects both the production and comprehension of speech. It affects the idea, content, construction and delivery of the patient's speech. In addition, it causes significant difficulties in the repetition of speech, both full sentences and words alone.
Keywords : "speech disorders", "aphasia", "dysarthria", "primary progressive aphasia".
Compact plasmon modulator with a high extinction ratio
Authors: Hu Xuefang , Zhao Xiangyue , Lu Changgui , Bai Yongqiang , Gu Yinwei , Lu Mengjia , Zhu Zhongjie 
Published: August 2022

To keep pace with the demands in optical communications, electro-optic
modulators should feature a high extinction ratio, offer a small
footprint, and allow for practical detection. Herein, we demonstrate a
compact plasmon modulator with a high extinction ratio where a compact
modulation region composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) is embedded to
the arms of the Mach–Zehnder (M–Z) interferometer. The modulator has a
footprint of

20

µ

m

×

12

µ

m

with a modulation region of

4

µ

m

×

0.5

µ

m

. The numerical results show that the
extinction ratio is 15.2 dB when the electron concentration of ITO is
changed

4

×

10

20

c
m

−
3

. This type of modulator paves the way
for future compact optoelectronic integration and has potential
application in the fields of optical communication, photodetection,
and sensing.
Atomic microwave electric field detection enhanced by a loading resonator
Authors: Hao Desheng , Li Zhonghao , Liu Shuai , Guo Hao , Wen Huanfei , Ma Zongmin , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2022

Accurate detection technology of the microwave electric field is an important foundation to explore new materials, devices, and electromagnetic effects. In this paper, the design of a microwave electric field detection enhanced by a resonant cavity was proposed and experimentally verified. The simulation results show that the enhancement factor is 3.45 at the position of 3 mm from the square SRR). By combining the experimental system, the actual enhancement factor is 3.31(6), and the corresponding electric field detection sensitivity is increased from 1.02 V/m to 0.30 V/m. The proposed scheme provides certain technical support for the weak microwave electric field detection and the development of the integrated atomic microwave detection unit.
Compact nano-void spectrometer based on a stable engineered scattering system
Authors: Sun Qi , Falak Przemyslaw , Vettenburg Tom , Lee Timothy , Phillips David B. , Brambilla Gilberto , Beresna Martynas 
Published: August 2022

Random scattering of light in disordered media can be used for highly sensitive speckle-based wavemeters and spectrometers. However, the multiple scattering events that fold long optical paths within a compact space also make such devices exceedingly sensitive to vibrations and small disturbances to the disordered media. Here, we show how scattering can be engineered so that it can be used for a compact computational spectrometer that is largely insensitive to environmental factors. We designed and fabricated a three-dimensional pseudo-random nano-void pattern with 62% scattering efficiency. The controlled amount of multiple scattering ensured a sufficiently long optical path for the target resolution of 100 pm, with optimal long-term stability. The 200-μm-thick scattering silica substrate was integrated in a compact assembly with a low-cost camera sensor. The target resolution was achieved for full spectrum measurements while single wavelengths could be determined with 50 pm resolution. Such tailored scattering systems can improve the trade-off among cost, size, stability, and spectral resolution in computational spectrometers.
The use of the phrase “data not shown” in dental research
Authors: Raittio Eero , Sofi-Mahmudi Ahmad , Shamsoddin Erfan 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The use of phrases such as “data/results not shown” is deemed an obscure way to represent scientific findings. Our aim was to investigate how frequently papers published in dental journals use the phrases and what kind of results the authors referred to with these phrases in 2021.

Methods
We searched the Europe PubMed Central (PMC) database for open-access articles available from studies published in PubMed-indexed dental journals until December 31st, 2021. We searched for “data/results not shown” phrases from the full texts and then calculated the proportion of articles with the phrases in all the available articles. From studies published in 2021, we evaluated whether the phrases referred to confirmatory results, negative results, peripheral results, sensitivity analysis results, future results, or other/unclear results. Journal- and publisher-related differences in publishing studies with the phrases in 2021 were tested with Fisher’s exact test using the R v4.1.1 software.

Results
The percentage of studies with the relevant phrases from the total number of studies in the database decreased from 13% to 3% between 2010 and 2020. In 2021, out of 2,434 studies published in 73 different journals by eight publishers, 67 (2.8%) used the phrases. Potential journal- and publisher-related differences in publishing studies with the phrases were detected in 2021 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Most commonly, the phrases referred to negative (n = 16, 24%), peripheral (n = 22, 33%) or confirmatory (n = 11, 16%) results. The significance of unpublished results to which the phrases referred considerably varied across studies.

Conclusion
Over the last decade, there has been a marked decrease in the use of the phrases “data/results not shown” in dental journals. However, the phrases were still notably in use in dental studies in 2021, despite the good availability of accessible free online supplements and repositories.
Writing and the Body in Motion: Awakening Voice through Somatic Practice, Cheryl Pallant (2018)
Authors: Lovett Sara 
Published: August 2022

Review of: Writing and the Body in Motion: Awakening Voice through Somatic Practice, Cheryl Pallant (2018)
Jefferson, NC: MacFarland & Company, Inc., 180 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47666-824-6, p/bk, $33
ISBN 978-1-47663-171-4, e-book, $17.99
Development of an Integrated Science Learning Module to Improve Student Learning Outcomes of SMP/MTs About Additives in Food/ Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran IPA Terpadu untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMP/MTs Tentang Aditif dalam Makanan
Authors: Kamaludin Agus 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the quality of integrated science learning modules on additives and food digestion processes for SMP/MTs students. The development model used was adapted from the 4D model (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. This learning module was validated by one material expert lecturer and one media expert lecturer. The quality of the product was assessed by three science teachers, and ten SMP/MTs students responded. The instrument used was used in validation sheets, product quality assessment sheets using a Likert scale, student response sheets in the form of a questionnaire using the Guttman scale, and daily test questions. The assessment of module quality by three science teachers got a percentage of 90.4% with an excellent category (SB) and a response of ten students with a percentage of 85%. The results of the module trial for class VIII student learning at SMP Negeri 4 Depok, Yogyakarta, obtained a completeness percentage of 90.6% with a minimum completeness criterion (KKM) of 75. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the product developed is feasible for the learning process in SMP/MTs to improve learning outcomes.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas modul pembelajaran sains terpadu pada materi zat aditif dan proses pencernaan makanan untuk siswa SMP/MTs. Model pengembangan yang digunakan mengadaptasi dari model 4D (Define, Design, Development, dan Disseminate. Modul pembelajaran ini divalidasi oleh satu dosen ahli materi dan satu dosen ahli media. Kualitas produk dinilai oleh tiga guru IPA dan direspon sepuluh siswa SMP/MTs. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar validasi, lembar penilaian kualitas produk menggunakan skala Likert, lembar respon siswa berupa angket menggunakan skala Guttman, dan soal ulangan harian. Penilaian kualitas modul oleh tiga guru IPA mendapatkan persentase 90,4% dengan kategori Sangat Baik (SB) dan respon sepuluh siswa dengan persentase sebesar 85%. Hasil uji coba modul untuk pembelajaran siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Depok yogyakarta diperoleh persentase ketuntasan sebesar 90,6% dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) sebesar 75. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran di SMP/MTs untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar.
Quality Policy for MI Graduates to Produce Hafiz Al Quran Graduates at MIS Lumbang and MIN Rakha Amuntai South Kalimantan/ Kebijakan Mutu Lulusan MI untuk Menghasilkan Lulusan Hafiz Al Quran di MIS Lumbang dan MIN Rakha Amuntai Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rahman Anwar , Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons and implementation of policies in MIS Lumbang and MIN Rakha Amuntai implementing the graduate policy of students in hafiz Al Quran. The method used in this study is a qualitatively described method using Miles and Huberman model analysis and for data validation using data triangulation. The results obtained to state that MIS Al Islamiyah Lumbang has a reason for the policy of graduates of hafiz Al Quran because the quality of graduates of hafiz Al Quran will show the characteristics of madrasah, providing students' provision in society. While MIN Rakha has a reason with the quality of hafiz al Quran graduates can improve the quality of madrasahs and will be one of the attractions of Madrasah. The implementation of the quality policy of graduates of hafiz Al Qur'an in MIS Al Islamiah Lumbang village with the stage of dividing the activity time with learning hours, providing Quran material and selected prayers and others. While at MIN Rakha Amuntai the management of the quality policy of graduates of hafiz Al Qura'an with the stages of holding material books and memorization guides, and giving program time for one hour.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan alasan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan di MIS Lumbang dan MIN Rakha Amuntai melaksanakan kebijakan lulusan siswa mejadi hafiz Al Quran. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif diskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis model Miles dan Huberman dan untuk validasi data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil yang diperoleh menyatakan bahwa MIS Al Islamiyah Lumbang memiliki alasan untuk kebijakan lulusan hafiz Al Quran karena mutu lulusan hafiz Al Quran akan menunjukkan ciri khas madrasah dan memberikan bekal siswa dalam bermasyarakat. Sedangkan MIN Rakha memiliki alasan dengan mutu lulusan hafiz Al Quran dapat meningkatkan kualitas madrasah dan akan menjadi salah satu daya tarik dari Madrasah. Pemberlakuan kebijakan mutu lulusan hafiz Al Qur’an di MIS Al Islamiah Lumbang dengan tahapan membagi waktu kegiatan dengan jam pembelajaran, memberikan materi Al Quran dan doa-doa pilihan serta yang lainnya. Sedangkan MIN Rakha Amuntai merelialisasikannya dengan diadakannya buku materi dan panduan menghafal, serta memberikan waktu program selama satu jam.