bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between homocysteine and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Fu Liwan , Wang Yuquan , Hu Yue‐Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany observational studies explore the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whereas the causality of this association remains uncertain, especially in European populations. We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study to elucidate the causal association between Hcy and NAFLD. Furthermore, we explored the relationship of Hcy with liver enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).MethodsTwo‐sample Mendelian randomisation study was conducted. Summary statistics for Hcy were obtained from a genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) meta‐analysis comprising 44,147 subjects. Summary‐level data for NAFLD were acquired from a GWAS meta‐analysis of 8434 cases and 770,180 noncases and another GWAS meta‐analysis of 1483 cases and 17,781 noncases. Summary‐level data for three liver enzymes were available from the UK Biobank.ResultsGenetic associations of Hcy concentrations with NAFLD and liver enzymes were observed. Genetically predicted higher Hcy concentrations were consistently associated with an increased NAFLD risk in two data sources. The combined odds ratio of NAFLD was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.45) per SD increase in Hcy concentrations. Genetically predicted higher Hcy concentrations showed significant association with ALP (Beta .69; 95% CI, 0.04–1.34), ALT (Beta 0.56; 95% CI, 0.15–0.97) and AST levels (Beta .57; 95% CI, 0.10–1.04). Genetic liability to NAFLD was not associated with Hcy concentrations.ConclusionsThis study has clinical implications as it indicates that increased Hcy concentrations increase the relevant liver enzymes and may play a role in NAFLD risk in European populations.
Factors associated with the severity of COVID‐19 outcomes in people with neuromuscular diseases: Data from the International Neuromuscular COVID‐19 Registry
Authors: Pizzamiglio Chiara , Pitceathly Robert D. S. , Lunn Michael P. , Brady Stefen , De Marchi Fabiola , Galan Lucia , Heckmann Jeannine M. , Horga Alejandro , Molnar Maria J. , Oliveira Acary S. B. , Pinto Wladimir B. V. R. , Primiano Guido , Santos Ernestina , Schoser Benedikt , Servidei Serenella , Sgobbi Souza Paulo V. , Venugopalan Vishnu , Hanna Michael G. , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Machado Pedro M. ,   for the Neuromuscular Diseases and COVID‐19 Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeClinical outcome information on patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) who have been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 is limited. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the severity of COVID‐19 outcomes in people with NMDs.MethodsCases of NMD, of any age, and confirmed/presumptive COVID‐19, submitted to the International Neuromuscular COVID‐19 Registry up to 31 December 2021, were included. A mutually exclusive ordinal COVID‐19 severity scale was defined as follows: (1) no hospitalization; (2) hospitalization without oxygenation; (3) hospitalization with ventilation/oxygenation; and (4) death. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for severe outcome, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, NMD, comorbidities, baseline functional status (modified Rankin scale [mRS]), use of immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medication, and pandemic calendar period.ResultsOf 315 patients from 13 countries (mean age 50.3 [±17.7] years, 154 [48.9%] female), 175 (55.5%) were not hospitalized, 27 (8.6%) were hospitalized without supplemental oxygen, 91 (28.9%) were hospitalized with ventilation/supplemental oxygen, and 22 (7%) died. Higher odds of severe COVID‐19 outcomes were observed for: age ≥50 years (50–64 years: OR 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–4.31; >64 years: OR 4.16, 95% CI 2.12–8.15; both vs. <50 years); non‐White race/ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.07–3.06; vs. White); mRS moderately severe/severe disability (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.6–5.69; vs. no/slight/moderate disability); history of respiratory dysfunction (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.79–5.58); obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.18–4.25); ≥3 comorbidities (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.76–5.83; vs. ≤2; if comorbidity count used instead of specific comorbidities); glucocorticoid treatment (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.14–4.78); and Guillain–Barré syndrome (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.35–7.13; vs. mitochondrial disease).ConclusionsAmong people with NMDs, there is a differential risk of COVID‐19 outcomes according to demographic and clinical characteristics. These findings could be used to develop tailored management strategies and evidence‐based recommendations for NMD patients.
Genetic evidence for a single stock of giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon in demarcated prawn fishing zones of Tanzania
Authors: Rumisha Cyrus , Kochzius Marc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTanzania demarcated three prawn fishing zones along its coast to spread fishing pressure and help the prawn fishery to recover. However, it is unknown whether the demarcated zones correspond to the genetic stock structure of the world's most commercially important prawn, the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Thus, this study used partial mitochondrial control region sequences (534 base pairs) to test the hypotheses that (1) giant tiger prawns in Tanzania's demarcated prawn fishing zones are a single stock and (2) the giant tiger prawns on the Tanzanian coast experienced a recent demographic expansion. The sequences showed high haplotype diversity (h = 0.998–1.0) and low nucleotide diversity (θπ = 1.89%–2.24%). The neutrality test and mismatch analysis showed that the hypothesis of recent demographic expansion could not be rejected. The analysis of molecular variance revealed low and insignificant fixation indices between the zones (FST = 0.00025, p > 0.05; ΦST = −0.00027, p > 0.05), suggesting that the three demarcated fishing zones constitute a single stock and that fishers may be targeting the same stock. Furthermore, it was discovered that Zone 2 has the potential to replenish depleted areas; thus, it should be prioritised in future conservation planning.
What are the views of three key stakeholder groups on extending the breast screening interval for low‐risk women? A secondary qualitative analysis
Authors: Taylor Grace , McWilliams Lorna , Woof Victoria G. , Evans D. Gareth , French David P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is increasing interest in risk‐stratified breast screening, whereby the prevention and early detection offers vary by a woman's estimated risk of breast cancer. To date, more focus has been directed towards high‐risk screening pathways rather than considering women at lower risk, who may be eligible for extended screening intervals. This secondary data analysis aimed to compare the views of three key stakeholder groups on how extending screening intervals for low‐risk women should be implemented and communicated as part of a national breast screening programme.MethodsSecondary data analysis of three qualitative studies exploring the views of distinct stakeholder groups was conducted. Interviews took place with 23 low‐risk women (identified from the BC‐Predict study) and 17 national screening figures, who were involved in policy‐making and implementation. In addition, three focus groups and two interviews were conducted with 26 healthcare professionals. A multiperspective thematic analysis was conducted to identify similarities and differences between stakeholders.FindingsThree themes were produced: Questionable assumptions about negative consequences, highlighting how other stakeholders lack trust in how women are likely to understand extended screening intervals; Preserving the integrity of the programme, centring on decision‐making and maintaining a positive reputation of breast screening and Negotiating a communication pathway highlighting communication expectations and public campaign importance.ConclusionsA risk‐stratified screening programme should consider how best to engage women assessed as having a low risk of breast cancer to ensure mutual trust, balance the practicality of change whilst ensuring acceptability, and carefully develop multilevel inclusive communication strategies.Patient and Public ContributionThe research within this paper involved patient/public contributors throughout including study design and materials input.
Safety and efficacy of midline catheters versus peripheral intravenous catheters: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marsh Nicole , Larsen Emily N. , O'Brien Catherine , Ware Robert S. , Kleidon Tricia M. , Groom Peter , Hewer Barbara , Alexandrou Evan , Flynn Julie , Woollett Kaylene , Rickard Claire M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite pervasive need for peripheral intravenous catheters, insertion is often difficult, and approximately two thirds fail prematurely. Midline catheters are an alternative long peripheral catheter, inserted in the upper arm, ideal for patients with difficult access.AimThe aim of this study is to test feasibility of the protocol and compare the efficacy and safety of midline catheters to peripheral intravenous catheters.DesignA parallel‐group, pilot randomized controlled trial of adult medical/surgical hospitalized patients, from a single Australian referral hospital.MethodsParticipants with difficult vascular access (≤2 palpable veins) and/or anticipated ≥5 days of peripherally compatible intravenous therapy were recruited between May 2019 and March 2020. Participants were randomized to (1) peripheral intravenous catheter or (2) midline catheter. Primary feasibility outcome measured eligibility, recruitment, protocol adherence, retention and attrition. Primary clinical outcomes measured device insertion failure and post‐insertion failure.ResultsIn total, n = 143 participants (71 peripheral intravenous catheters and 72 midline catheters) were recruited; n = 139 were analysed. Most feasibility criteria were met. Peripheral intravenous catheters had shorter functional dwell time, with higher incidence of post‐insertion failure compared to midline catheters.ConclusionMidline catheters appear to be superior for patients with difficult vascular access or receiving prolonged intravenous therapy; a large, multi‐centre trial to confirm findings is feasible.
Defining the optimal template of salvage lymph node dissection for unilateral pelvic nodal recurrence of prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Van Eecke Henri , Devos Gaëtan , Vansevenant Bram , Vander Stichele Arthur , Devlies Wout , Berghen Charlien , Everaerts Wouter , De Meerleer Gert , Joniau Steven 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesSeveral retrospective studies have shown that salvage bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (sLND) is a valid treatment option in the setting of oligorecurrent nodal prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy. Little is known about the optimal template of such sLND in patients with strictly unilateral pelvic recurrence on PET‐CT imaging. In this study, we investigated whether a unilateral pelvic sLND could be sufficient in such a setting.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of patients treated with sLND between 2010 and 2019 at the University Hospitals, Leuven. Patients were included if they developed recurrence following radical prostatectomy, characterized by ≤3 unilateral pelvic lymph node metastases on Choline or PSMA PET‐CT and received a super‐extended bilateral pelvic sLND as first metastasis‐directed therapy. As a primary endpoint, we investigated in how many cases a unilateral sLND would have been sufficient.ResultsIn total, 44 patients with strictly unilateral pelvic recurrence were treated with super‐extended bilateral pelvic sLND. In 5 out of 44 (11%) patients, histological examination showed presence of prostate cancer in the contralateral hemi‐pelvis. In the group with a single positive node on imaging prior to sLND, only 1 out of 27 (3%) patients had contralateral disease at final pathology. No one (0%) in this group subsequently developed recurrence in the contralateral hemi‐pelvis following sLND.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study suggests that unilateral pelvic sLND could be sufficient in patients with a single unilateral pelvic lymph node recurrence on PET/CT imaging.
Clinical significance of limited and extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for patients with localized prostate cancer: A retrospective, propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Hori Shunta , Nakai Yasushi , Tachibana Akira , Omori Chihiro , Nishimura Nobutaka , Inoue Kuniaki , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Shimizu Takuto , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Miyake Makito , Torimoto Kazumasa , Yoneda Tatsuo , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Tanaka Nobumichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of limited or extended pelvic lymph node dissection during a robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.MethodsDiagnostic and therapeutic benefits were assessed according to the rates of pN1 and biochemical recurrence, respectively. The primary outcome was the biochemical recurrence‐free rate, and secondary outcomes included the diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of pelvic lymph node dissection.ResultsA total of 534 patients were analyzed. Out of the 534 patients, 207 (38.8%) received limited pelvic lymph node dissection while 134 (25.1%) received extended dissection. There were 297 patients with a Briganti index ≥5%. Extended dissections yielded significantly more resected lymph nodes (p < 0.0001), and 72.2% of cases of pN1 were located outside the obturator. The incidence rate of pN1 was 6.1%, and performance of extended lymph node dissection was an independent predictor for pN1 (odds ratio 9.0, 95% confidence interval 2.5–33.1). The rate of biochemical recurrence was 14.9%, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of the propensity score matched population revealed that patients with high or very‐high risk tended to benefit from limited lymph node dissection (hazard ratio 8.4, 95% confidence interval 0.8–82.3) while the therapeutic benefit of extended dissection was unclear by comparison.ConclusionsExtended pelvic lymph node dissection significantly improves diagnostic accuracy; however, the therapeutic benefit of pelvic lymph node dissection was not observed in this study.
Development and international validation of logistic regression and machine‐learning models for the prediction of 10‐year molar loss
Authors: Troiano Giuseppe , Nibali Luigi , Petsos Hari , Eickholz Peter , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Santamaria Pasquale , Jian Jao , Shi Shuwen , Meng Huanxin , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Wang Hom‐Lay , Ravidà Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo develop and validate models based on logistic regression and artificial intelligence for prognostic prediction of molar survival in periodontally affected patients.Materials and MethodsClinical and radiographic data from four different centres across four continents (two in Europe, one in the United States, and one in China) including 515 patients and 3157 molars were collected and used to train and test different types of machine‐learning algorithms for their prognostic ability of molar loss over 10 years. The following models were trained: logistic regression, support vector machine, K‐nearest neighbours, decision tree, random forest, artificial neural network, gradient boosting, and naive Bayes. In addition, different models were aggregated by means of the ensembled stacking method. The primary outcome of the study was related to the prediction of overall molar loss (MLO) in patients after active periodontal treatment.ResultsThe general performance in the external validation settings (aggregating three cohorts) revealed that the ensembled model, which combined neural network and logistic regression, showed the best performance among the different models for the prediction of MLO with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.726. The neural network model showed the best AUC of 0.724 for the prediction of periodontitis‐related molar loss. In addition, the ensembled model showed the best calibration performance.ConclusionsThrough a multi‐centre collaboration, both prognostic models for the prediction of molar loss were developed and externally validated. The ensembled model showed the best performance in terms of both discrimination and validation, and it is made freely available to clinicians for widespread use in clinical practice.
Lygus rugulipennis on chrysanthemum: Supplemental prey effects and an evaluation of trap plants
Authors: Woelke Jozef B. , Bouw Machteld , Cusumano Antonino , Messelink Gerben J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, is considered a major pest in chrysanthemum nurseries in The Netherlands. Adults puncture plant's apical meristem, after which the growing point splits and growth is inhibited. Flower buds and flowers can also be severely damaged. Both types of damage result in economic losses for growers. Despite the importance of this pest for chrysanthemum nurseries, there is only very limited information about L. rugulipennis development on chrysanthemum plants, Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat., and whether L. rugulipennis can be controlled using trap plants is not known. We investigated whether: (1) L. rugulipennis could develop from egg to adult on the vegetative and flowering stages of chrysanthemum; (2) their performance was enhanced when a supplemental prey source (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs) or another common pest (the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer) was present; and (3) there were alternative plant species more attractive than chrysanthemum for use as trap plants for local pest control or monitoring of L. rugulipennis. L. rugulipennis developed on both vegetative and flowering chrysanthemum stages without any additional food source. Nonetheless, when chrysanthemum was supplemented with E. kuehniella eggs, L. rugulipennis achieved the best performance in terms of the number of adults developed and faster developmental time. Interestingly, L. rugulipennis developed faster on chrysanthemum infested with the aphid M. persicae compared to non‐infested plants, however, there was no difference in the number of adults developed. In a trap plant experiment with 16 plant species in the vegetative stage, we found that white mustard, Sinapis alba L., was significantly more attractive than chrysanthemum to both adult and nymph L. rugulipennis. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential of S. alba as a trap plant for monitoring L. rugulipennis and how the presence of prey in the crop influences L. rugulipennis.
Inhibition of individual and combination of cell free supernatants of phenyllactic acid, pediocin‐ and nisin‐producing lactic acid bacteria against food pathogens and bread spoilage molds
Authors: Sung Wen‐Chieh , Lu Szu‐Hsaun , Chen Yi‐Chen , Pan Chorng‐Liang , Hsiao Hsin‐I 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConsumer demand has led to an increase in the use of natural antimicrobials for baked good preservation. In this study, the cell‐free culture supernatants of three antagonistic bacterial strains were tested, and their individual and combined antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus neoniger, and Penicillium roqueforti were examined. The mixture of phenyllactic acid and pediocin with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on E. coli growth (RIA 85%). Nisin mixed with phenyllactic acid or pediocin with EDTA exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on B. cereus growth with RIA 85% and 80%, respectively. Phenyllactic acid had a stronger inhibitory effect on P. roqueforti than on A. neoniger at 50 mg/ml MIC. The antipathogenic effects of phenyllactic acid, nisin, and pediocin (alone or in combination, with or without adjuncts) were stronger than their mold‐controlling effects. A combination of such biopreservatives with EDTA is a suitable alternative to the preservatives used to improve the shelf life of perishable food products.
Leaders' Networking Behaviours in a Time of Crisis: A Qualitative Study on the Frontline against COVID‐19
Authors: Tasselli Stefano , Sancino Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat do leaders do when they interact with followers and stakeholders in a time of crisis? What networking behaviours do leaders manifest in such a context of emergency? We answer these questions through qualitative research and cluster analysis conducted on a sample of leaders involved in community management in the most affected region in northern Italy during the three key phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings span a period of 18‐months and show that leaders display a behavioural repertoire that includes six networking actions. Grouped together, these actions identify three clusters of leaders: Churners, who engage mainly in network generation and network termination; Divergent leaders, who manifest high levels of network conflict and re‐construal; and Sense‐makers, who are high in network deepening and teleology. Our research contributes to unveil the idiographic micro‐foundations of networking behaviour during organizational jolts.
The identity impact of witnessing selective incivility: A study of minority ethnic professionals
Authors: Fernando Dulini , Kenny Etlyn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine how minority ethnic employees account for witnessing selective incivility to ethnically similar others. Our study is based on qualitative interviews with British Asian employees – the majority who witnessed incivility directed towards migrant Asian employees working for the same company. Our findings indicate that, for those whose minority ethnic identity was of central importance, witnessing selective incivility towards others from a similar ethnic background can be perceived as an identity threat. We provide insights into three identity work strategies undertaken by witnesses of selective incivility, while illuminating how minority ethnic identity shapes the way witnesses' respond to selective incivility in the workplace.
Pacific Alliance: Trade implications on member countries and other regional trade agreements
Authors: Fairlie Alan , Collantes Erika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Pacific Alliance, born as an alternative to “postliberal regionalism,” aimed at reinforcing the liberalization and openness strategies as well as the North–South agreements previously subscribed by its members. It sought to enhance intraregional trade, promote value chains, and reach out to the Asia‐Pacific region. Ten years after the creation of the Pacific Alliance, it is relevant to assess its effect on trade flows among its members and with other regional trade agreements like the Andean Community and the Southern Common Market. We use an augmented gravity model and the panel data methodology to provide evidence that the Pacific Alliance has not affected trade flows significantly among its members or with other South American regional trade agreements.