bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing optimal outcomes through sequential auctions
Authors: Shi Fanqi , Xing Yiqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study sequential auctions as optimal mechanisms for selling multiple heterogeneous items to unit‐demand buyers. We find that as long as the items can be ordered in decreasing variation of the buyers' values, any combination of static standard auctions in this sequence achieves full efficiency and the constrained optimal revenue, subject to (BIC), (IIR), and the all‐sold constraint. In addition, with increasing threshold types and optimal static reserve prices, any l‐th price auctions in the same sequence can achieve the optimal revenue subject to (BIC) and (IIR). Our results have implications for practical auction design, such as sponsored search auctions.
Accuracy of different electronic apex locators in determination of minimum Root perforation diameter
Authors: Koç Simay , Kuştarcı Alper , Er Kürşat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the ability of Raypex 6, Propex Pixi, Dentaport ZX, Apex ID, Propex II and Dr.'s Finder NEO to detect minimum root canal perforation diameter. One hundred single‐rooted, extracted human teeth were artificially perforated by 5 burs in different diameters (0.25–1.25 mm) in 5 mm above the apex. Twenty teeth were assigned to each group. The actual canal lengths (AL) were measured under stereomicroscope followed by a measurement of electronic canal length (EL) using each electronic apex locator (EAL). None of the EALs were able to detect the perforation at diameters of 0.50 and 0.25 mm. Although all EALs used in our study were unable to detect perforations at diameters of 0.5 mm and 0.25 mm, they were highly successful in the determination of simulated root perforations at diameters of 1.25, 1 and 0.75 mm.
TNFα stimulates the proliferation of immature Sertoli cells by attenuating UPS‐degradation of cyclin D1 and leads to the delay of BTB maturation in pubertal rats
Authors: Wu Weixing , Hu Ying , Zhang Qiang , Xu Ying , Su Wenhui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundsThe Sertoli cell that plays a vital role during spermatogenesis is a known target of physiological and pathological factors affecting testicular development. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) participates in the blood–testis barrier reconstruction, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory response by recognizing receptors on Sertoli cell. TNFα has also been shown to induce the proliferation of immature Sertoli cell in vitro, yet the mechanism still remains unclarified.ObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate the effect of TNFα on blood–testis barrier development during puberty and the underlying mechanisms of TNFα‐induced immature Sertoli cell proliferation.Materials and methodsImmature male Sprague–Dawley rats of postnatal day 12 were intraperitoneally injected with TNFα. Biotin‐labeled method was used to detect permeability of the developing blood–testis barrier after TNFα treatment, and the distribution of occludin and junctional adhesion molecule‐A (JAM‐A) were detected by immunofluorescence. Sertoli cells isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats of postnatal day 10 were cultured in vitro and treated with TNFα. Cell proliferation rate was reflected by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Immunoblot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Fbxo4, and cyclin D1. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect the ubiquitination of cyclin D1 and the interaction between Fbxo4 and cyclin D1. Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) was applied to detect the effect of nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) activity inhibition on TNFα‐induced Sertoli cell proliferation. The adenoviral recombinant plasmid containing rat Fbxo4 gene was constructed to investigate the effect of Fbxo4 overexpression on Sertoli cell proliferation promoted by TNFα.ResultsThe in vivo experiment revealed a significant delay of blood–testis barrier maturation in pubertal rats caused by exogenous TNFα. TNFα (10 ng/ml) treatment in vitro was found to promote the proliferation of immature Sertoli cells, accompanied with increased NFκB activity and cyclin D1 protein level. The level of Fbxo4 and ubiquitination of cyclin D1 were decreased after TNFα treatment. Inhibitor of NFκB or overexpression of Fbxo4 could both reverse the TNFα‐induced proliferation of immature Sertoli cells, meanwhile restore the ubiquitin–proteasome system‐dependent degradation of cyclin D1. Overexpression of Fbxo4 could not affect the activation of NFκB caused by TNFα.ConclusionThese results indicate that TNFα inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin D1 through the NFκB pathway, thereby promoting the proliferation of immature Sertoli cell in vitro and inducing the delay of blood–testis barrier maturation in pubertal rats.
Endophthalmitis and blebitis following deep sclerectomy and trabeculectomy with routine use of mitomycin C
Authors: Kankainen Tuulia , Harju Mika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence for endophthalmitis and blebitis after deep sclerectomy (DS) and trabeculectomy with routine use of Mitomycin C (MMC) 0.4 mg/ml.MethodsElectronic medical records of patients who underwent surgery 1/2008–4/2020 were reviewed. Cumulative incidence for bleb‐associated infection (BAI), including both endophthalmitis and blebitis, was calculated with cumulative incidence function (CIF) and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Risk factors for BAI were evaluated with univariate competing risk regression analysis and Log‐rank analysis. Competing event in CIF was death.ResultsIn this retrospective single‐centre cohort study, a total of 2653 patients and 3411 eyes underwent surgery: 3478 glaucoma surgeries, 2419 DS and 1059 trabeculectomies. Two cases of endophthalmitis and three of isolated blebitis developed. Median follow‐up from the most recent surgery on the eye until the end of the study was 5.5 years, and until last visit at the ophthalmology department was 1.9 years. For the whole follow‐up period in CIF‐analysis, cumulative incidence for BAI was 0.16% (95% CI 0.06–0.36) at five years. Incidence was higher with eyes not treated with an antifibrotic during surgery (sub‐hazard ratio 11.66, 95% CI 1.94–70.21, p = 0.007). Cumulative incidence between surgery and last visit with Kaplan–Meier analysis was 0.21% (95% CI 0.08–0.52) at five years, similarly, not using an antifibrotic increased incidence (Log‐rank p < 0.001).ConclusionCumulative incidence for BAI was low despite routine use of high‐dose MMC.
Editorial: what is needed to achieve success in developing diagnostic technologies for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders ‐ past and present
Authors: Busam Jonathan A. , Shah Eric D. 
Published: November 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Thwaites et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17216 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17268
Editorial: what is needed to achieve success in developing diagnostic technologies for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders ‐ past and present. Authors' reply
Authors: Thwaites Phoebe A. , Berean Kyle J. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: November 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Thwaites et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17216 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17225
Intra‐professional stress—demonstrating veterinarian identity in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan CKY , Lai JSK , Wong PWC 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveLittle is known about the contributing factors of mental health among veterinarians in Hong Kong. This qualitative study aimed to examine potential contributing factors that lead to their stress and poor mental health.ProceduresPotential participants were screened and recruited using purposive and snowball sampling to maximise variations. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between December 2020 and April 2021. The data collection and analysis adopted the constructivist grounded theory's three‐stage coding process and were thematically coded and analysed.ResultsEighteen veterinarians took part in the study. Intra‐professional stress was classified by stressors from individual veterinarians, expectations of their workplace, and shared values among the profession. Participants expected themselves to exhibit professionalism when under low‐quality workplace leadership with restrictions from the profession's institutional regulations and resources. The urbanised culture and cyberbullying phenomenon in Hong Kong contributed significantly to the stress and impacted their mental well‐being.Conclusion and relevanceThe quality of communication and the feasibility of meeting expectations were overarching concepts associated with intra‐professional stressors. While this paper focuses on stressors residing within the veterinary community, veterinarians' responses to expectations of the animal‐health enthusiast community were equally influential. This study enabled an international comparison of the profession's distress from non‐Anglosphere, urbanised city, and will shed light on the development of future research and practice to improve the mental health of veterinarians, which directly influences the well‐being of the animals and their owners in Hong Kong.
Trajectories of child growth, child development, and home child‐rearing quality during the Covid pandemic in rural Nepal
Authors: Miller Laurie C. , Neupane Sumanta , Joshi Neena , Lohani Mahendra , Shrestha Bhola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren, especially disadvantaged children in poor countries, were expected to be among the “biggest victims” of the Covid pandemic. Economic burdens, decreased nutritious foods, reduced medical care, school closures, and ill‐health or death of family members were predicted to increase child undernutrition and developmental delays, and diminish home child‐rearing quality.MethodsA planned nutrition intervention could not be implemented due to Covid restrictions. However, three surveys (pre‐Covid [December 2019], July 2021, and September 2021) in 280 Nepali households (309 parent‐dyads, 368 children, 6–66 months old) collected demographics, child anthropometry and development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐3 [ASQ‐3]), and home child‐rearing quality (caregiver engagement, learning resources, adult supervision [UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey]). Mixed‐effect regression models adjusted for household (wealth, maternal education) and child factors (age, gender) and survey round.ResultsHeight, mid‐upper‐arm circumference, and head circumference measurements improved over time. The total ASQ‐3 score did not change: Communication scores increased while fine motor and personal‐social scores declined. Girls' growth and development worsened more than boys. Caregiver engagement (especially mothers') generally declined, but learning resource availability increased. More children were left unsupervised at Round 2 than Round 1 or 3.ConclusionsIn this sample, some aspects of child growth, development, and home child‐rearing quality improved while others declined. Better understanding of these changes in child well‐being and the family environment during the pandemic could provide insight on how to protect children during future crises.
Child oral health and preventive dental service access among children with intellectual disabilities, autism and other educational additional support needs: A population‐based record linkage cohort study
Authors: Sherriff Andrea , Stewart Ryan , Macpherson Lorna M. D. , Kidd Jamie B. R. , Henderson Angela , Cairns Deborah , Conway David I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveInequalities in child oral health are a global challenge and the intersection of socioeconomic factors with educational additional support needs (ASN), including children with intellectual disabilities or autism, have thus far received limited attention in relatively small clinical studies. We aimed to address this evidence gap by investigating oral health and access to preventive dental services among children with ASN compared to the general child population.MethodsCohort study linking data from six Scotland‐wide health and education databases compared: dental caries experience and tooth extraction via general anaesthetic; receipt of school‐based dental inspection; access to primary care and hospital dental services; and access to the Childsmile national oral health improvement programme between children with a range of ASN (intellectual disabilities, autism, social and other) and their peers for the school years 2016/17–2018/19 (n = 166 781).ResultsChildren with any ASN had higher rates of caries experience than those with no ASN, however, after adjustment for socioeconomic deprivation, sex, year, and school type only those with a social or other ASN remained at increased risk. Rates of tooth extraction under general anaesthesia in hospital were higher among children with intellectual disabilities (aRR = 1.67;95% CI = [1.16–2.37]). School‐based dental inspection access improved for children with intellectual disability and/or autism from 2016/17 onwards, although higher rates of child refusal on the day were observed in these groups (no ASN refusal: 5.4%; intellectual disability: 35.8%; autism: 40.3%). Children with any ASN were less likely to attend primary dental‐care regularly, and in those who attended, children with intellectual disability or autism were less likely than their peers to receive prevention (fluoride varnish, oral‐hygiene instruction, or dietary advice). Childsmile nursery‐supervised toothbrushing programme access among children with any ASN was similar to children with no ASN and children with intellectual disability (aRR = 1.27;95% CI = [1.12–1.45]) or autism (aRR = 1.32;95% CI = [1.19–1.45]) were more likely to receive support from Childsmile dental health support worker.ConclusionsWe have identified inequalities in oral health and dental care for children with different ASN in Scotland with both a greater burden of disease among some groups and higher complexity of care; compounded by reduced and variable access to preventive dental services. Further efforts are needed to develop and improve preventive care pathways for children with ASN and integrate oral health to wider healthcare systems for these children to mitigate against oral health inequalities.
Are we Teleologically Essentialist?
Authors: Joo Sehrang , Yousif Sami R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeople may conceptualize certain categories as held together by a category‐specific “essence”—some unobservable, critical feature that causes the external features of a category to emerge. But what is the nature of this essence? Recently, Rose and Nichols have argued that something's essence is fundamentally its telos or purpose. However, Neufeld has challenged this work on theoretical grounds, arguing that these effects arise only because peopleinferan underlying internal change when reasoning about a change in telos. In Neufeld's view, it is the underlying internal cause, and not the telos itself, that serves as an essence (consistent with classic views of scientific essentialism). Here, we ask: Is teleology the primary force behind psychological essentialism? We begin by successfully replicating Rose and Nichols’ key findings in support of teleological essentialism. In two further experiments, however, we demonstrate that teleology may not be the central way that people understand the essences of living things. We show that internal changes matter at least as much as changes in teleology. These findings suggest that while teleology may be one important cue to category membership and the essences of living things, it may be premature to say that we are “teleologically essentialist.”
The Semantic Organization of the English Odor Vocabulary
Authors: Hörberg Thomas , Larsson Maria , Olofsson Jonas K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe vocabulary for describing odors in English natural language is not well understood, as prior studies of odor descriptions have often relied on preselected descriptors and odor ratings. Here, we present a data‐driven approach that automatically identifies English odor descriptors based on their degree of olfactory association, and derive their semantic organization from their distributions in natural texts, using a distributional‐semantic language model. We identify 243 descriptors that are much more strongly associated with olfaction than English words in general. We then derive the semantic organization of these olfactory descriptors, and find that it is captured by four clusters that we name Offensive, Malodorous, Fragrant, and Edible. The semantic space derived from our model primarily differentiates descriptors in terms of pleasantness and edibility along which our four clusters are positioned, and is similar to a space derived from perceptual data. The semantic organization of odor vocabulary can thus be mapped using natural language data (e.g., online text), without the limitations of odor‐perceptual data and preselected descriptors. Our method may thus facilitate research on olfaction, a sensory system known to often elude verbal description.
Eco‐friendly approach on wool pretreatment and effect on the wool structure and dyeability
Authors: Türkoğlu Gizem Ceylan , Avcı Berrak Buket , Erkan Gökhan , Özen Ceyda , Tozan Rüzgar Şerife , Akkaya Alper 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research investigated the effect of various proteolytic enzymatic pretreatment on morphological and chemical features and the dyeability properties of wool fibres. Scoured merino wool fibres are treated with protease, papain, trypsin, and pepsin in specified conditions. Each enzyme activity measurement was provided by appropriate methods such as Bradford, BAPNA (N‐benzoyl‐1‐arginine‐p‐nitroanilide), and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin). Enzymatic processes were carried out for 24 h in the incubator set at 40°C, 100 rpm, and specified pH with 1 mg/ml enzyme concentration. Whiteness index (Stensby) and yellowness index (ASTM D 1925) were examined after enzymatic pretreatment. Pepsin and trypsin‐treated wool fibres showed the highest whiteness index as 61.3 and 61.1, respectively whilst untreated wool fibres had 52.2. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the increase in the intensity of amide‐related bands and hydroxyl bands after enzymatic treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs manifested the cuticle layer is partially removed in enzyme‐treated fibres. Elemental identification was provided by SEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). It appears that the sulphur bonds decreased after the treatment and the pepsin‐treated fibres have fewer bonds of all. To examine the damage to the structure, photomicrographs were taken using fluorescence and light microscopes. The alkali solubility test (ASTM D1283) was also conducted to compare different enzyme types. Wool fibres were dyed in 2.0% concentration with reactive dyestuff. Dyeability and colorimetric features of fibres were measured by a spectrophotometer. The washing fastness test showed that all the samples have good results and the colour change after washing was better in enzyme‐treated samples (grade 5) compared to untreated wool fibres (grade 4–5).
Efficacy and safety of degludec U100 versus glargine U300 for the early postoperative management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A non‐inferiority randomized trial
Authors: Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Mathew Anu , Mishra Mitali , Surendran Parvathi , Kaur Parjeet , Wasir Jasjeet Singh , Gill Harmandeep Kaur , Jain Rujul , Gagneja Sakshi , Kohli Chhavi , Kumari Poonam , Singh Manish Kumar , Mishra Sunil Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of degludec U100 versus glargine U300 for the early postoperative management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.MethodsA total of 239 patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a basal‐bolus regimen in the early postoperative period using degludec U100 (n = 122) or glargine U300 (n = 117) as basal and glulisine before meals. The primary outcome was mean differences between groups in their daily BG concentrations. The major safety outcome was the occurrence of hypoglycemia.ResultsThere were no differences in mean daily BG concentrations (157 vs. 162 mg/dl), mean percentage of readings within target BG of 70–180 mg/dl (74% vs. 73%), daily basal insulin dose (19 vs. 21 units/day), length of stay (median [IQR]: 9 vs. 9 days), or hospital complications (21.3% vs. 21.4%) between treatment groups. There were no differences in the proportion of patients with BG <70 mg/dl (15.6% vs. 23.1%) or <54 mg/dl (1.6% vs. 4.3%) between degludec‐100 and glargine‐300 groups.ConclusionsTreatment with degludec U100 is as effective and safe as glargine U300 for the early postoperative hospital management of patients with T2D undergoing CABG.
Fatigue corrosion behavior of friction‐welded stainless and carbon steel dissimilar joint
Authors: Benedetti Matteo , Orempuller Mattia , Russo Francesca , Fontanari Vigilio , Rossi Stefano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the fatigue corrosion behavior of direct drive friction welded ASTM A105 and AISI 304L steels joints. Axial fatigue tests were carried out at a stress ratio of R = 0.1 in air and different corrosive environments using a 3D printed environmental test cell. The samples were tested in 3.5%wt NaCl aqueous solution at free corrosion potential (Ecorr) and other two polarization conditions (−0.85 and −1.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl) with the objective to highlight the influence of the cathodic protection and the influence of evolved hydrogen on the fatigue behavior. Fracture analyses were conducted through optical and electron microscopy to identify the possible causes of failure nucleation and the different damage mechanisms dictated by the aggressive environment. Principal results quantify the detrimental effect of the corrosive environment and the positive role played by the cathodic protection. Moreover, a clear differentiation in the failure site and mechanism was observed for the different corrosion fatigue conditions.
Linking power and inequality in global value chains
Authors: Lang Juliane , Ponte Stefano , Vilakazi Thando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the study of globalization on whether the emergence and consolidation of global value chains (GVCs) have exacerbated inequalities within and across nations and/or how GVCs may be leveraged to mitigate them. Although power asymmetries have been identified as a central factor shaping (un)successful GVC participation, dominant discourses still disregard the links between power and inequality or use these concepts interchangeably. In this article, we provide an analytical approach to GVC‐related inequalities (within, along and through value chains) and examine how they may co‐evolve with different types of power (bargaining, demonstrative, institutional and constitutive). We apply this approach to the case study of the hake value chain in South Africa to illustrate how existing inequalities are manifested, challenged, mitigated or exacerbated—and draw an agenda for future research.