bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist‐independent prescriber deprescribing in UK care homes: Contextual factors associated with increased activity
Authors: Alharthi Mohammed , Scott Sion , Alldred David Phillip , Holland Richard , Hughes Carmel , Birt Linda , Blacklock Jeanette , Bond Christine , Clark Allan , Wright David 
Published: December 2022

AimsThe Care Home Independent Pharmacist Prescriber Study (CHIPPS) process evaluation hypothesized that contextual factors influenced the likelihood of deprescribing by pharmacist‐independent prescribers. The aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis.MethodsFrom CHIPPS study data, medications deprescribed totalled 284 for 370 residents in UK care homes. Regression analysis was used to describe the relationship between the number of medicines stopped and contextual factors (number of residents cared for, pharmacist employment within associated medical practice, previous care home experience, hours active within trial, years’ experience as a pharmacist and as a prescriber).ResultsNumber of residents and pharmacist‐independent prescriber employment within a medical practice were positive predictors of deprescribing.ConclusionPrevious experiences were not related to deprescribing likelihood. Increasing the number of residents increases the opportunity for deprescribing and therefore this relationship is intuitive. The location within a medical practice is an interesting finding that requires further exploration to understand its exact nature.
Obsessional jealousy in a community sample: Association with relationship factors, impairment and perceived treatment needs
Authors: Ahlen Johan , Bjureberg Johan , Lenhard Fabian , Wahlund Tove , Linde Johanna , Mataix‐Cols David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesRomantic jealousy could be understood as a continuum, from reality‐based, transient and functional jealousy to a more chronic form of jealousy with varying insight, intensity and duration. The latter has some overlaps with obsessive–compulsive disorder (here termed obsessional jealousy). Little is known about the nature of obsessional jealousy and its association with functional impairment, perceived negative consequences (drinking, violence), current and past relationship factors (e.g., length of relationship, being in love, infidelity, previous jealousy) or perceived need for professional support.MethodsParticipants were 1076 adults (55% women) who filled in an anonymous survey.ResultsObsessional jealousy, measured with the Obsessional Jealousy Severity Scale, was strongly associated with functional impairment and verbal violence, and more weakly with physical violence and alcohol consumption. Individuals with a history of previous jealousy had more severe symptoms and were more likely to perceive the need for psychological support. Approximately 25% of the sample expressed interest in treatment.ConclusionsThe results suggest that there is a group of individuals with impairing levels of obsessional jealousy who have a perceived need for help with their difficulties. More research is needed on the prevalence and clinical characteristics of these individuals. The development of jealousy‐specific psychological models and treatments is warranted.
Increasing access to evidence‐based treatment for child anxiety problems: online parent‐led CBT for children identified via schools
Authors: Green Iheoma , Reardon Tessa , Button Roberta , Williamson Victoria , Halliday Gemma , Hill Claire , Larkin Michael , Sniehotta Falko F. , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Ford Tamsin , Spence Susan H. , Stallard Paul , Creswell Cathy 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAnxiety problems are extremely common and have an early age of onset. We previously found, in a study in England, that fewer than 3% of children with an anxiety disorder identified in the community had accessed an evidence‐based treatment (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; CBT). Key ways to increase access to CBT for primary school‐aged children with anxiety problems include (a) proactive identification through screening in schools, (b) supporting parents and (c) the provision of brief, accessible interventions (and capitalising on technology to do this).MethodWe provided a brief, therapist guided treatment called Online Support and Intervention (OSI) to parents/carers of children identified, through school‐based screening, as likely to have anxiety problems. Fifty out of 131 children from 17 Year 4 classes in schools in England screened positive for ‘possible anxiety problems’ and 42 (84%) of these (and 7 who did not) took up the offer of OSI. We applied quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess children's outcomes and families' experiences of this approach.ResultsInbuilt outcome monitoring indicated session on session improvements throughout the course of treatment, with substantial changes across measures by the final module (e.g. Child Outcome Rating Scale d = 0.84; Goal Based Outcomes d = 1.52). Parent engagement and satisfaction was high as indicated by quantitative and qualitative assessments, and intervention usage.ConclusionsWe provide promising preliminary evidence for the use of OSI as an early intervention for children identified as having anxiety problems through school‐based screening.
Predictors of seizure outcomes in patients with diffuse low‐grade glioma‐related epilepsy after complete glioma removal
Authors: He Xinghui , Zhang Kai , Liu Dingyang , Yang Zhuanyi , Li Xuejun , Yang Zhiquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsWe aimed to identify predictors of postoperative seizures in patients with diffuse low‐grade glioma (DLGG)‐related epilepsy after complete tumor resection in this study.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from individuals with DLGG‐related epilepsy whose tumors were completely resected at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between January 2014 and January 2020. The predictors of seizure outcomes were assessed by employing univariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model in a backward binary logistic regression model.ResultsAmong the 118 cases that met the inclusion criteria, 83.05% were seizure‐free following an average follow‐up of 4.27 ± 1.65 years, all of whom were classified as International League Against Epilepsy class I outcome. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that seizure duration of >6 years (odds ratio [OR], 6.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–24.98; p = 0.005) and first clinical symptoms other than seizures (OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.43–14.23; p = 1.010) were both independent predictors of unfavorable seizure outcomes.ConclusionOur results imply that satisfactory seizure outcomes can be achieved in most patients with DLGG‐related epilepsy after complete tumor resection. Patients with seizure duration of >6 years or first clinical symptoms other than seizures were more likely to experience postoperative seizure recurrence.
Achievement of glycaemic targets with weight loss and without hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes with the once‐weekly glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: A post hoc analysis of the SURPASS‐1 to ‐5 studies
Authors: Lingvay Ildiko , Cheng Alice YY. , Levine Joshua A. , Gomez‐Valderas Elisa , Allen Sheryl E. , Ranta Kari , Torcello‐Gómez Amelia , Thieu Vivian T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo assess composite endpoints combining glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%, ≤ 6.5% or < 5.7%) with weight loss (≥ 5%, ≥ 10% or ≥ 15%) and without hypoglycaemia with tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsData from the phase 3 SURPASS programme were evaluated post hoc by trial. Participants with T2D were randomized to tirzepatide (5, 10 and 15 mg), placebo (SURPASS‐1,5), semaglutide 1 mg (SURPASS‐2) or titrated basal insulin (SURPASS‐3,4). The proportions of participants achieving the composite endpoints were compared between tirzepatide and the respective comparator groups at week 40/52.ResultsThe proportions of participants achieving an HbA1c value of less than 7.0% with 5% or more weight loss and without hypoglycaemia ranged from 43% to 82% with tirzepatide across the SURPASS‐1 to ‐5 trials versus 4%‐5% with placebo, 51% with semaglutide 1 mg and 5% with basal insulin (P < .001 vs. all comparators). The proportions of participants achieving an HbA1c value of less than 7.0% with 10% or more, or 15% or more weight loss and without hypoglycaemia were significantly higher with all tirzepatide doses versus comparators across trials (P < .001 or P < .05). Similar results were observed for all other combinations of endpoints with an HbA1c value of 6.5% or less, or less than 5.7%, with more tirzepatide‐treated participants achieving these endpoints versus those in the comparator groups, including semaglutide.ConclusionsAcross the SURPASS‐1 to ‐5 clinical trials, more tirzepatide‐treated participants with T2D achieved clinically meaningful composite endpoints, which included reaching glycaemic targets with various degrees of weight loss and without hypoglycaemia, than those in the comparator groups.
Hippocampal, basal ganglia and olfactory connectivity contribute to cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wylie Korey P. , Kluger Benzi M. , Medina Luis D. , Holden Samantha K. , Kronberg Eugene , Tregellas Jason R. , Buard Isabelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet relatively little is known about its underlying neurobiology. Previous investigations suggest that dementia in PD is associated with subcortical atrophy, but similar studies in PD with mild cognitive impairment have been mixed. Variability in cognitive phenotypes and diversity of PD symptoms suggest that a common neuropathological origin results in a multitude of impacts within the brain. These direct and indirect impacts of disease pathology can be investigated using network analysis. Functional connectivity, for instance, may be more sensitive than atrophy to decline in specific cognitive domains in the PD population. Fifty‐eight participants with PD underwent a neuropsychological test battery and scanning with structural and resting state functional MRI in a comprehensive whole‐brain association analysis. To investigate atrophy as a potential marker of impairment, structural gray matter atrophy was associated with cognitive scores in each cognitive domain using voxel‐based morphometry. To investigate connectivity, large‐scale networks were correlated with voxel time series and associated with cognitive scores using distance covariance. Structural atrophy was not associated with any cognitive domain, with the exception of visuospatial measures in primary sensory and motor cortices. In contrast, functional connectivity was associated with attention, executive function, language, learning and memory, visuospatial, and global cognition in the bilateral hippocampus, left putamen, olfactory cortex, and bilateral anterior temporal poles. These preliminary results suggest that cognitive domain‐specific networks in PD are distinct from each other and could provide a network signature for different cognitive phenotypes.
Measuring soil freezing characteristic curve with thermo‐time domain reflectometry
Authors: Tian Zhengchao , Wang Li , Ren Tusheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) has applications in determining the soil water retention curve (SWRC) and modelling thermal and hydrological processes in cold regions. Accurate measurement of the SFCC in the laboratory has been constrained to the thawing process because of the interference of supercooling during the freezing process. In this study, we introduce a dynamic method based on the technique of thermo‐time domain reflectometry (thermo‐TDR) for measuring the SFCC quickly and accurately. A simple iced‐toothpick approach was used for eliminating supercooling during a freezing experiment. The performance of the thermo‐TDR‐based method was evaluated by comparing the measurements with the equilibration method on two soils of different textures. The results showed that the supercooling phenomena during the freezing process could be eliminated effectively by inserting iced‐toothpicks into the samples at soil freezing point, and both the SFCC (at a freezing rate of 2.5°C h−1) and the soil thawing characteristic curves (STCC) could be determined accurately with the thermo‐TDR‐based method. The thermo‐TDR measured SFCCs agreed well with estimates from the SWRCs, with an average root‐mean square error (RMSE) of 0.02 m3 m−3. The dynamic thermo‐TDR‐based method has the advantages of being easy to operate, time‐saving, and applicable forin situmonitoring of SFCC, and could be used to determine SWRCs indirectly.HighlightsThe thermo‐TDR method can measure the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) accurately.Supercooling during the freezing process was eliminated by using an iced‐toothpick approach.The slow‐rate dynamic method provided reliable SFCCs as compared with the equilibration method.The thermo‐TDR measured SFCCs could be used to estimate soil water retention curves.
Standing equine cheek tooth extraction: A multivariate analysis of the effect of antibiotics on the risk of post‐operative complications
Authors: Christiansen Mathias Schach , Rosenmeier Jesper Grud , Jensen Dan Børge , Lindegaard Casper 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommonly, cheek tooth extraction performed in standing horses using perioperative prophylactic antibiotics, results in low post‐operative complication rates. However, no studies have documented the relevance of perioperative antibiotics to the risk of post‐operative complications.ObjectivesTo examine the association between perioperative antibiotics and post‐operative complications after standing cheek tooth extraction.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsInformation from clinical records and follow‐up questionnaires relating to horses subjected to cheek tooth extractions between September 2016 and May 2020 was obtained. Post‐operative complications and associations with perioperative antibiotics, age, sex, breed, diagnosis, tooth position, and extraction method were analysed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 305 horses were included, and of these 71 (23.3%) received perioperative antibiotics. Antibiotics were not associated with the risk of complications in 264 horses that underwent standard oral extraction; 9/49 (18.4%) that received antibiotics and 35/215 (16.3%) that did not receive antibiotics experienced postoperative complications (P = 1, RR = 0.89, OR = 1, OR CI = [0.41; 2.46]). Of 41 horses that had cheek tooth extraction through minimally invasive transbuccal cheek tooth extraction (MTE), 5/22 (22.7%) that received antibiotics and 10/19 (52.6%) that did not receive antibiotics, experienced postoperative complications. Although not statistically significant when adjusting for multiple comparisons (naïve P = 0.04, adjusted P = 0.26, RR = 2.32, OR = 4.48, OR CI = [1.05; 19.11]), this finding is clinically relevant. Younger age was also significantly associated with development of complications (P = 0.02, OR = 0.92 per year, OR CI = [0.87; 1.36]).Main limitationsThe retrospective nature of the study leads to uncontrollable potential confounders and there is a relatively low number of MTE cases.ConclusionPerioperative antibiotics were not associated with a lower complication rate in horses subjected to standard standing cheek tooth extraction. Use of perioperative antibiotics in conjunction with MTE may be merited, although further investigations are needed.
Adaptations in equine axial movement and muscle activity occur during induced fore‐ and hindlimb lameness: A kinematic and electromyographic evaluation during in‐hand trot
Authors: Spoormakers Tijn J. P. , St. George Lindsay , Smit Ineke H. , Hobbs Sarah Jane , Brommer Harold , Clayton Hilary M. , Roy Serge H. , Richards James , Serra Bragança Filipe Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe inter‐relationship between equine thoracolumbar motion and muscle activation during normal locomotion and lameness is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo compare thoracolumbar and pelvic kinematics and longissimus dorsi (longissimus) activity of trotting horses between baseline and induced forelimb (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness.Study designControlled experimental cross‐over study.MethodsThree‐dimensional kinematic data from the thoracolumbar vertebrae and pelvis, and bilateral surface electromyography (sEMG) data from longissimus at T14 and L1, were collected synchronously from clinically nonlame horses (n = 8) trotting overground during a baseline evaluation, and during iFL and iHL conditions (2–3/5 AAEP), induced on separate days using a lameness model (modified horseshoe). Motion asymmetry parameters, maximal thoracolumbar flexion/extension and lateral bending angles, and pelvis range of motion (ROM) were calculated from kinematic data. Normalised average rectified value (ARV) and muscle activation onset, offset and activity duration were calculated from sEMG signals. Mixed model analysis and statistical parametric mapping compared discrete and continuous variables between conditions (α = 0.05).ResultsAsymmetry parameters reflected the degree of iFL and iHL. Maximal thoracolumbar flexion and pelvis pitch ROM increased significantly following iFL and iHL. During iHL, peak lateral bending increased towards the nonlame side (NLS) and decreased towards the lame side (LS). Longissimus ARV significantly increased bilaterally at T14 and L1 for iHL, but only at LS L1 for iFL. Longissimus activation was significantly delayed on the NLS and precipitated on the LS during iHL, but these clear phasic shifts were not observed in iFL.Main limitationsFindings should be confirmed in clinical cases.ConclusionsDistinctive, significant adaptations in thoracolumbar and pelvic motion and underlying longissimus activity occur during iFL and iHL and are detectable using combined motion capture and sEMG. For iFL, these adaptations occur primarily in a cranio‐caudal direction, whereas for iHL, lateral bending and axial rotation are also involved.
Therapeutic effects and the impact of statins in the prevention of ulcerative colitis in preclinical models: A systematic review
Authors: Vital Kátia Duarte , Cardoso Barbara Gatti , Lima Iasmin Pinheiro , Campos Aline Beatriz , Teixeira Bruno Faria , Pires Luiz Octávio , Dias Beatriz Coutinho , de Alcantara Candido Patrícia , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , Fernandes Simone Odília Antunes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUlcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large intestines. Although great advances have been made in the management of the disease with the introduction of immunomodulators and biological agents, the treatment of UC is still a challenge. So far, there are no definitive therapies for this condition. Statins are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, possess beneficial effects on primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, and have high tolerability and safety. Furthermore, they may have potential roles in UC management due to their possible anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This systematic review aimed to gather information about the potential benefits of statins for managing UC, reducing inflammation and disease remission in animal models. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 21 relevant studies were identified as eligible for this review. Preclinical studies using several colitis‐induction protocols and various statins have shown numerous beneficial effects of these drugs on reducing disease activity, inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, and general clinical parameters of animals with UC. These studies revealed the potential of statins against the pathogenesis of UC. However, there are still important gaps regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of statins, leading to some contradictory results. Thus, more research on the molecular level to determine the roles of statins in colitis should be carried out to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
Experimental investigation on the correlation between critical storage of elastic strain energy and crack extension in elastic–plastic materials
Authors: Chang Dongdong , Yang Xiaofa , Liu Ran , Huang Zekai , Peng Hao , Zuo Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo better solve the issues of steady crack extension with broad plasticity and the crack‐related problems in general yielding situations when the assumption of small‐scale plastic yielding fails, it is of great significance to further study the macroscopic mechanism of crack extension. In this paper, a new insight into the elastic–plastic crack extension is proposed on the foundation of critical storage of elastic strain energy (SESE). The feasibility of the new methodology is validated by designing and implementing two different experimental schemes in three typical elastic–plastic materials. The experimental results indicate that the critical SESE decreases linearly with the increase of crack length and U‐notch initial length. Besides, the SESE release rate is obtained through experimental and theoretical methods, and they are in the same order of magnitude and their value sequences are also accordant with all tested materials. Therefore, this investigation provides a new approach to characterizing crack extension in elastic–plastic materials.
Acceleration factor and experimental validation of aluminum alloy under narrow‐band random excitation
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Li Piao , Susmel Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the vibration fatigue test time of aeronautical engineering components made of aluminum alloy, a random vibration fatigue acceleration model under narrow‐band excitation is proposed in this paper. A three‐parameter S–N curve is adopted to consider the effect of small stress response, while a scale factor α is introduced to consider the effect of stress distribution. The random vibration fatigue tests of 2024‐T3 and 7075‐T6 aluminum alloy specimens with elliptical holes are performed, where the vibration fatigue lives of load spectra with the same bandwidth and different excitation acceleration levels are obtained. The test results show that the proposed model is in sound agreement with the test results.
Bycatch estimation of narrow‐clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in Turkish fyke net fisheries
Authors: Çapkın Kadir , Cilbiz Mehmet , Demirol Ferhat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe quantified bycatch rates and determined selection criteria of landed narrow‐clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in Turkey's most crucial crayfish production centres in 2020 and 2021. Subsamples (6078 individuals) of catches from 225 commercial fishermen were compared to 4836 crayfish landed without selection criteria during research fishing. Selection criteria used by traders for crayfish in commercial fishing purchasing centres included: (i) undersized; (ii) dead; (iii) soft shells; (iv) missing extremities; (v) lesions; and (vi) covered with moss. Based on the selection criteria, 77.2% ± 4.1 (95% confidence interval: 68.4–86.0) of the commercial catch were removed from the production chain as landed bycatch. The bycatch rate was higher than the global marine bycatch rate (40.4%). New studies are needed to improve fyke net selectivity, reduce the bycatch rate (40.7%) of undersized individuals, and determine the fate of bycatch.