bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a unified theory of plant photosynthesis and hydraulics
Authors: Joshi Jaideep , Stocker Benjamin D. , Hofhansl Florian , Zhou Shuangxi , Dieckmann Ulf , Prentice Iain Colin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe global carbon and water cycles are governed by the coupling of CO2and water vapour exchanges through the leaves of terrestrial plants, controlled by plant adaptations to balance carbon gains and hydraulic risks. We introduce a trait-based optimality theory that unifies the treatment of stomatal responses and biochemical acclimation of plants to environments changing on multiple timescales. Tested with experimental data from 18 species, our model successfully predicts the simultaneous decline in carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity during progressive soil drought. It also correctly predicts the dependencies of gas exchange on atmospheric vapour pressure deficit, temperature and CO2. Model predictions are also consistent with widely observed empirical patterns, such as the distribution of hydraulic strategies. Our unified theory opens new avenues for reliably modelling the interactive effects of drying soil and rising atmospheric CO2on global photosynthesis and transpiration.
Direct cell-to-cell transfer in stressed tumor microenvironment aggravates tumorigenic or metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jang Giyong , Oh Jaeik , Jun Eunsung , Lee Jieun , Kwon Jee Young , Kim Jaesang , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Kim Song Cheol , Cho Sung-Yup , Lee Charles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer exhibits a characteristic tumor microenvironment (TME) due to enhanced fibrosis and hypoxia and is particularly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TME-associated treatment resistance in pancreatic cancer are not fully understood. Here, we developed an in vitro TME mimic system comprising pancreatic cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells, and a stress condition, including hypoxia and gemcitabine. Cells with high viability under stress showed evidence of increased direct cell-to-cell transfer of biomolecules. The resulting derivative cells (CD44high/SLC16A1high) were similar to cancer stem cell-like-cells (CSCs) with enhanced anchorage-independent growth or invasiveness and acquired metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, CD24 was a determinant for transition between the tumorsphere formation or invasive properties. Pancreatic cancer patients with CD44low/SLC16A1low expression exhibited better prognoses compared to other groups. Our results suggest that crosstalk via direct cell-to-cell transfer of cellular components foster chemotherapy-induced tumor evolution and that targeting of CD44 and MCT1(encoded by SLC16A1) may be useful strategy to prevent recurrence of gemcitabine-exposed pancreatic cancers.
Laboratory prognostic factors for the long-term survival of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Shin Jung Hwan , Kim Han-Joon , Lee Chan Young , Chang Hee Jin , Woo Kyung Ah , Jeon Beomseok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo elucidate the biomarkers related to survival in multiple system atrophy(MSA), we analyzed the predictability of retrospectively collected blood markers for survival in 650 probable MSA. High absolute neutrophil count, red-cell distribution width, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and low hemoglobin, protein, albumin, and creatinine were correlated with higher mortality in MSA. Systemic alteration in inflammation and nutritional status in the early stage are associated with higher mortality in MSA.
Phase flip code with semiconductor spin qubits
Authors: van Riggelen F. , Lawrie W. I. L. , Russ M. , Hendrickx N. W. , Sammak A. , Rispler M. , Terhal B. M. , Scappucci G. , Veldhorst M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits is an important requirement for realizing a universal quantum computer. Spin qubits based on quantum dots have great potential to be scaled to large numbers because of their compatibility with standard semiconductor manufacturing. Here, we show that a quantum error correction code can be implemented using a four-qubit array in germanium. We demonstrate a resonant SWAP gate and by combining controlled-Z and controlled-S−1 gates we construct a Toffoli-like three-qubit gate. We execute a two-qubit phase flip code and find that we can preserve the state of the data qubit by applying a refocusing pulse to the ancilla qubit. In addition, we implement a phase flip code on three qubits, making use of a Toffoli-like gate for the final correction step. Both the quality and quantity of the qubits will require significant improvement to achieve fault-tolerance. However, the capability to implement quantum error correction codes enables co-design development of quantum hardware and software, where codes tailored to the properties of spin qubits and advances in fabrication and operation can now come together to advance semiconductor quantum technology.
Three-year outcomes and predictors for full recovery in patients with early-stage psychosis
Authors: Li Ling , Rami Fatima Zahra , Lee Bo Mi , Kim Woo-Sung , Kim Sung-Wan , Lee Bong Ju , Yu Je-Chun , Lee Kyu Young , Won Seung-Hee , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Seung-Hyun , Kang Shi Hyun , Kim Euitae , Chung Young-Chul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present study, various outcomes over 3-year period in patients with early stage psychosis including remission, recovery, relapse and medication adherence were investigated. Predictor for full recovery at year 3 was also examined. Three-year follow-up data in 534 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) were examined for overall outcome trajectories. The data of completers at year 3 (n = 157) were used to identify predictors for recovery using logistic regression. The rates of symptomatic remission and full recovery at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up were 76.10, 69.20, 79.50, and 79.10%, and 22.80, 26.40, 28.60, and 39.60%, respectively. The rates of drop-out and relapse at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up were 25.4, 29.5, 38.6, and 51.1%, and 3.7, 8.9, 19.0, and 38.9%, respectively. The rates of good adherence and prescription of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIA) at 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-month follow-up were 87.8, 88.0, 91.9, and 93.9%, and 18.3, 21.7, 22.0, and 25.5%, respectively. Significant predictors for full recovery were duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), family intimacy and physical activity. We observed similar or better results on remission, recovery, and relapse rates compared to other previous studies. Effective psychosocial intervention should be provided to shorten the gap between remission and recovery rates and to address DUP, family issues, and exercise to enhance recovery.
Sterile protection against relapsing malaria with a single-shot vaccine
Authors: Pasini Erica M. , van der Wel Annemarie Voorberg , Heijmans Nicole , Klop Onny , Zeeman Anne-Marie , Oostermeijer Herman , Nieuwenhuis Ivonne , Garcia Roberto Rodriguez , van der Werff Nicole Onur , Hofman Sam O. , Verreck Frank A. W. , Remarque Edmond J. , Faber Bart W. , Kocken Clemens H. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVaccine development for Plasmodium vivax, an important human relapsing malaria, is lagging behind. In the case of the most deadly human malaria P. falciparum, unprecedented high levels of protection have been obtained by immunization with live sporozoites under accompanying chemoprophylaxis, which prevents the onset of blood-stage malaria. Such an approach has not been fully evaluated for relapsing malaria. Here, in the P. cynomolgi-rhesus macaque model for relapsing malaria, we employ the parasites’ natural relapsing phenotype to self-boost the immune response against liver-stage parasites, following a single-shot high-dose live sporozoite vaccination. This approach resulted in sterile protection against homologous sporozoite challenge in three out of four animals in the group that was also exposed for several days to blood stages during primary infection and relapses. One out of four animals in the group that received continuous chemoprophylaxis to abort blood-stage exposure was also protected from sporozoite challenge. Although obtained in a small number of animals as part of a Proof-of-Concept study, these results suggest that limited blood-stage parasite exposure may augment protection in this model. We anticipate our data are a starting point for further research into correlates of protection and extrapolation of the single-shot approach to develop efficacious malaria vaccines against relapsing human malaria.
Electrode potential influences the reversibility of lithium-metal anodes
Authors: Ko Seongjae , Obukata Tomohiro , Shimada Tatau , Takenaka Norio , Nakayama Masanobu , Yamada Atsuo , Yamada Yuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium-metal batteries are a promising technology to address the emerging demand for high-energy-density storage systems. However, their cycling encounters a low Coulombic efficiency (CE) due to the unceasing electrolyte decomposition. Improving the stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) suppresses the decomposition and increases CE. However, SEI morphology and chemistry alone cannot account for CE, and a full explanation is still lacking. Here we report that in diverse electrolytes, the large shift (>0.6 V) in the Li electrode potential and its association with the Li+ coordination structure influence the CE. Machine learning regression analysis and vibrational spectroscopy revealed that the formation of ion pairs is essential for upshifting the Li electrode potential, that is, for weakening the reducing ability of Li, which would lead to a high CE with diminished electrolyte decomposition. Various electrolytes with enhanced ion-pairing solution structure are designed to enable a significantly improved CE (>99%).
Quantitative sequencing using BID-seq uncovers abundant pseudouridines in mammalian mRNA at base resolution
Authors: Dai Qing , Zhang Li-Sheng , Sun Hui-Lung , Pajdzik Kinga , Yang Lei , Ye Chang , Ju Cheng-Wei , Liu Shun , Wang Yuru , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Linda , Harada Bryan T. , Dou Xiaoyang , Irkliyenko Iryna , Feng Xinran , Zhang Wen , Pan Tao , He Chuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFunctional characterization of pseudouridine (Ψ) in mammalian mRNA has been hampered by the lack of a quantitative method that maps Ψ in the whole transcriptome. We report bisulfite-induced deletion sequencing (BID-seq), which uses a bisulfite-mediated reaction to convert pseudouridine stoichiometrically into deletion upon reverse transcription without cytosine deamination. BID-seq enables detection of abundant Ψ sites with stoichiometry information in several human cell lines and 12 different mouse tissues using 10–20 ng input RNA. We uncover consensus sequences for Ψ in mammalian mRNA and assign different ‘writer’ proteins to individual Ψ deposition. Our results reveal a transcript stabilization role of Ψ sites installed by TRUB1 in human cancer cells. We also detect the presence of Ψ within stop codons of mammalian mRNA and confirm the role of Ψ in promoting stop codon readthrough in vivo. BID-seq will enable future investigations of the roles of Ψ in diverse biological processes.
Retrospectively modeling the effects of increased global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Moore Sam , Hill Edward M. , Dyson Louise , Tildesley Michael J. , Keeling Matt J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The protection provided by vaccines and booster doses offered a method of mitigating severe clinical outcomes and mortality. However, by the end of 2021, the global distribution of vaccines was highly heterogeneous, with some countries gaining over 90% coverage in adults, whereas others reached less than 2%. In this study, we used an age-structured model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, matched to national data from 152 countries in 2021, to investigate the global impact of different potential vaccine sharing protocols that attempted to address this inequity. We quantified the effects of implemented vaccine rollout strategies on the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the subsequent global burden of disease and the emergence of novel variants. We found that greater vaccine sharing would have lowered the total global burden of disease, and any associated increases in infections in previously vaccine-rich countries could have been mitigated by reduced relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Our results reinforce the health message, pertinent to future pandemics, that vaccine distribution proportional to wealth, rather than to need, may be detrimental to all.
Benchmarking emergency department prediction models with machine learning and public electronic health records
Authors: Xie Feng , Zhou Jun , Lee Jin Wee , Tan Mingrui , Li Siqi , Rajnthern Logasan S/O , Chee Marcel Lucas , Chakraborty Bibhas , Wong An-Kwok Ian , Dagan Alon , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Gao Fei , Liu Nan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe demand for emergency department (ED) services is increasing across the globe, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical triage and risk assessment have become increasingly challenging due to the shortage of medical resources and the strain on hospital infrastructure caused by the pandemic. As a result of the widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs), we now have access to a vast amount of clinical data, which allows us to develop prediction models and decision support systems to address these challenges. To date, there is no widely accepted clinical prediction benchmark related to the ED based on large-scale public EHRs. An open-source benchmark data platform would streamline research workflows by eliminating cumbersome data preprocessing, and facilitate comparisons among different studies and methodologies. Based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Emergency Department (MIMIC-IV-ED) database, we created a benchmark dataset and proposed three clinical prediction benchmarks. This study provides future researchers with insights, suggestions, and protocols for managing data and developing predictive tools for emergency care.
Magneto-hydrothermal triple-convection in a W-shaped porous cavity containing oxytactic bacteria
Authors: Biswas Nirmalendu , Mandal Dipak Kumar , Manna Nirmal K. , Benim Ali Cemal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBioconvective heat and mass transport phenomena have recently been the subject of interest in diverse fields of applications pertaining to the motion of fluids and their thermophysical properties. The transport processes in a system involving triple convective phenomena, irregular geometry, and boundary conditions constitute a complex phenomenon. This work aims to explore the mixed thermo-bioconvection of magnetically susceptible fluid containing copper nanoparticles and oxytactic bacteria in a novel W-shaped porous cavity. The buoyant convention is generated due to the isothermal heating at the wavy bottom wall, whereas the mixed convection is induced due to the shearing motion of the top-cooled sliding wall. Furthermore, the bioconvection is induced due to the manifestation of oxytactic bacteria or organisms. The inclined sidewalls are insulated. The geometry is packed with water based Cu nanoparticle mixed porous structure, which is subjected to a magnetizing field acted horizontally. The complex transport equations are transformed into nondimensional forms, which are then computed using the finite volume-based developed code. The coupled triple-convective flow physics are explored for a wide range of involved controlling parameters, which could provide helpful insight to the system designer for its proper operation. The shape of geometry can be considered one of the important parameters to control the heat and mass transport phenomena. In general, the influence of amplitude (δ) is more compared to the waviness number (m) of the undulations. The magnitude of heat (Nu) and mass (Sh) transfer rate for the W-shaped cavity is high compared to conventional square and trapezoidal-shaped cavities. The output of the analysis could be very helpful for the designer for modeling devices operating on nanotechnology-based bioconvection, microbial fuel cells, and others.
Temporal change in plant communities and its relationship to soil salinity and microtopography on the Caspian Sea coast
Authors: Klink Galya V. , Semenkov Ivan N. , Nukhimovskaya Yulia D. , Gasanova Zarema Ul. , Stepanova Nina Yu. , Konyushkova Maria V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gradual drying up of saltwater bodies creates habitats that are characterised by changing environmental conditions and might be available only for a subset of plants from the local flora. Using two terrestrial areas with different ages on the Caspian Coast as a chronosequence, we investigated factors including microtopography, ground water level and soil salinity that drive plant community succession after the retreat of the sea. Vegetation of the two key sites appearing after the retreat of the Caspian Sea about 365 and 1412 years ago were compared in terms of both evolutionary and ecological traits of plants. Both edaphic conditions and vegetation differed between the two sites with harsher edaphic conditions and more xerophytes on the elder site. Species that grew only in the ‘early’ site were dispersed across the phylogenetic tree, but their loss on the 'late' site was not random. Species that grew only on the 'late' site were phylogenetically clustered. On the level of microtopography, elevated spots were more densely populated in the ‘early’ site than lowered spots, but on the 'late' site the situation was opposite. The main edaphic factors that drive the difference in vegetation composition between the two sites are likely salinity and moisture. During environmental changes, different plant traits are important to survive and to appear in the community de novo. Microtopography is important for forming plant communities, and its role changes with time.
Syndemics of intimate partner violence among women in HIV endemic South Africa: geospatial analysis of nationally representative data
Authors: Tomita Andrew , Cuadros Diego F. , Gibbs Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite some improvement in lowering HIV incidence, HIV-related challenges, such as intimate partner violence (IPV), remain unacceptably high among women in South Africa. For decades, researchers and activists have pointed to the complex and intertwined reality of the substance abuse, violence and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic that endangers women. However, more recent systematic review/meta-analysis evidence points to inconclusive association between IPV and alcohol use. Furthermore, much of the evidence is often non-population-based that focuses on the co-occurrence rather than synergistic SAVA interaction. In this study, using the latest data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SA-DHS), we identified geographic synergistic clustering of IPV associated with HIV and substance abuse in South Africa as a measure of population-level interactions among these factors. The SA-DHS is a nationally representative sample that includes wide-ranging data on health, social challenges and household geo-locations of 5,874 women who participated in the domestic violence module. First, geographical IPV, harmful alcohol use (as the substance abuse measure available in SA-DHS) and HIV clusters were identified using the Kulldorff spatial scan statistic in SaTScan. Second, synergistic interactions related to recent IPV (i.e. recent physical, sexual, emotional violence during the last 12 months) with harmful alcohol use and HIV challenge were measured using RERI [Relative excess risk due to interaction], AP [attributable proportion] and S [Synergy index]. In our results, we spatially identified geographical physical IPV syndemic interactions in parts of the Eastern Cape/Free State Provinces (RERI = 4.42 [95% CI: 2.34–6.51], AP = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.44–0.68], S = 2.77 [95% CI: 2.01–3.84], but not in other forms of IPV. Although IPV, based on decade old concept of SAVA syndemic, was less common/widespread than expected from the national scale population-based data, we identified population-level physical violence syndemic occurring in South Africa. Our study highlights the need to prioritize public health response targeting vulnerable populations residing in these high-risk areas of syndemic mechanisms linking these synergistic epidemics that women face in South Africa.
Liming enhances longevity of wheat seeds produced in acid soils
Authors: da Silva Tiago Alexandre , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Batista Thiago Barbosa , Bossolani João William , de Oliveira Gustavo Roberto Fonseca , Basso Denise Puntel , de Almeida Carmeis Filho Antônio Carlos , Bravo Juliana Pereira , da Silva Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe environment where plants grow, such as acidic soils, interferes with the nutrient concentration and physiological quality of seeds. This hypothesis was tested using wheat seeds as a model crop, grown in a tropical soil with and without lime application for twelve years. Here we show that lime provides remarkable enhancements in soil chemistry and seed composition, without altering the seed’s germination and vigor. Also, it favors the production of seeds with additional molecular mechanisms that extend their longevity. Our results indicate that the application of lime mitigates acidity in tropical soils and ensures the production of seeds with enhanced chemical composition and longer life span.
EEG-based analysis of various sensory stimulation effects to reduce visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality
Authors: Yeo Sang Seok , Kwon Jung Won , Park Seo Yoon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of virtual reality (VR) is frequently accompanied by motion sickness, and approaches for preventing it are not yet well established. We explored the effects of synchronized presentations of sound and motion on visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) in order to reduce VIMS. A total of 25 participants bicycle riding for 5 min with or without sound and motion synchronization presented on a head-mounted display. As a result, the VIMS scores measured by the fast motion sickness scale and simulator sickness questionnaire were significantly lower in the participants who experienced the riding scene with sound and motion than those who experienced the riding scene with sound only, motion only, or neither. Furthermore, analysis of the EEG signal showed that the higher the VIMS, the significant increase in alpha and theta waves in the parietal and occipital lobes. Therefore, we demonstrate that the simultaneous presentation of sound and motion, closely associated with synchronous and visual flow speed, is effective in reducing VIMS while experiencing simulated bicycle riding in a VR environment.