bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OSIRIS: a new code for ray tracing around compact objects
Authors: Velásquez-Cadavid J. M. , Arrieta-Villamizar J. A. , Lora-Clavijo F. D. , Pimentel O. M. , Osorio-Vargas J. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe radiation observed in quasars and active galactic nuclei is mainly produced by a relativistic plasma orbiting close to the black hole event horizon, where strong gravitational effects are relevant. The observational data of such systems can be compared with theoretical models to infer the black hole and plasma properties. In the comparison process, ray-tracing algorithms are essential to computing the trajectories followed by the photons from the source to our telescopes. In this paper, we present : a new stable FORTRAN code capable of efficiently computing null-geodesics around compact objects, including general relativistic effects such as gravitational lensing, redshift, and relativistic boosting. The algorithm is based on the Hamiltonian formulation and uses different integration schemes to evolve null-geodesics while tracking the error in the Hamiltonian constrain to ensure physical results. We found from an error analysis that the integration schemes are all stable, and the best one maintains an error below $$10^{-11}$$

10

-
11

. Particularly, to test the robustness and ability of the code to evolve geodesics in curved space-time, we compute the shadow and Einstein rings of a Kerr black hole with different rotation parameters and obtain the image of a thin Keplerian accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole. Although is parallelized neither with MPI nor with CUDA, the computation times are of the same order as those reported by other codes with these types of parallel computing platforms.
Rare Variation in Drug Metabolism and Long QT Genes and the Genetic Susceptibility to Acquired Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Gray Belinda , Baruteau Alban-Elouen , Antolin Albert A. , Pittman Alan , Sarganas Giselle , Molokhia Mariam , Blom Marieke T. , Bastiaenen Rachel , Bardai Abdenasser , Priori Silvia G. , Napolitano Carlo , Weeke Peter E. , Shakir Saad A. , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Mestres Jordi , Winkel Bo , Witney Adam A. , Chis-Ster Irina , Sangaralingam Ajanthah , Camm A. John , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Roden Dan M. , Tan Hanno L. , Garbe Edeltraut , Sturkenboom Miriam , Behr Elijah R. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Acquired long QT syndrome (aLQTS) is a serious unpredictable adverse drug reaction. Pharmacogenomic markers may predict risk.

Methods:
Among 153 aLQTS patients (mean age 58 years [range, 14–88], 98.7% White, 85.6% symptomatic), computational methods identified proteins interacting most significantly with 216 QT-prolonging drugs. All cases underwent sequencing of 31 candidate genes arising from this analysis or associating with congenital LQTS. Variants were filtered using a minor allele frequency <1% and classified for susceptibility for aLQTS. Gene-burden analyses were then performed comparing the primary cohort to control exomes (n=452) and an independent replication aLQTS exome sequencing cohort.

Results:
In 25.5% of cases, at least one rare variant was identified: 22.2% of cases carried a rare variant in a gene associated with congenital LQTS, and in 4% of cases that variant was known to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic for congenital LQTS; 7.8% cases carried a cytochrome-P450 (CYP) gene variant. Of 12 identified CYP variants, 11 (92%) were in an enzyme known to metabolize at least one culprit drug to which the subject had been exposed. Drug-drug interactions that affected culprit drug metabolism were found in 19% of cases. More than one congenital LQTS variant, CYP gene variant, or drug interaction was present in 7.8% of cases. Gene-burden analyses of the primary cohort compared to control exomes (n=452), and an independent replication aLQTS exome sequencing cohort (n=67) and drug-tolerant controls (n=148) demonstrated an increased burden of rare (minor allele frequency<0.01) variants in CYP genes but not LQTS genes.

Conclusions:
Rare susceptibility variants in CYP genes are emerging as potentially important pharmacogenomic risk markers for aLQTS and could form part of personalized medicine approaches in the future.
Cardiovascular Events and Long‐Term Risk of Sudden Death Among Stabilized Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From IMPROVE‐IT
Authors: Fordyce Christopher B. , Giugliano Robert P. , Cannon Christopher P. , Roe Matthew T. , Sharma Abhinav , Page Courtney , White Jennifer A. , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Braunwald Eugene , Blazing Michael A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Unlike patients with low ejection fraction after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), little is known about the long‐term incidence and influence of cardiovascular events before sudden death among stabilized patients after ACS.

Methods and Results
A total of 18 144 patients stabilized within 10 days after ACS in IMPROVE‐IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) were studied. Cumulative incidence rates (IRs) and IRs per 100 patient‐years of sudden death were calculated. Using Cox proportional hazards, the association of ≥1 additional postrandomization cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure) with sudden death was examined. Early (≤1 year after ACS) and late sudden deaths (>1 year) were compared. Of 2446 total deaths, 402 (16%) were sudden. The median time to sudden death was 2.7 years, with 109 early and 293 late sudden deaths. The cumulative IR was 2.47% (95% CI, 2.23%–2.73%) at 7 years of follow‐up. The risk of sudden death following a postrandomization cardiovascular event (150/402 [37%] sudden deaths; median 1.4 years) was greater (IR/100 patient‐years, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.23–1.69]) than the risk with no postrandomization cardiovascular event (IR/100 patient‐years, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.24–0.30]). Postrandomization myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR], 3.64 [95% CI, 2.85–4.66]) and heart failure (HR, 4.55 [95% CI, 3.33–6.22]) significantly increased future risk of sudden death.

Conclusions
Patients stabilized within 10 days of an ACS remain at long‐term risk of sudden death with the greatest risk in those with an additional cardiovascular event. These results refine the long‐term risk and risk effectors of sudden death, which may help clinicians identify opportunities to improve care.

Registration: URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00202878.
Interactions Between Atrial Fibrillation and Natriuretic Peptide in Predicting Heart Failure Hospitalization or Cardiovascular Death
Authors: Brady Paul F. , Chua Winnie , Nehaj Frantisek , Connolly Derek L. , Khashaba Alya , Purmah Yanish J. V. , Ul‐Qamar Muhammad J. , Thomas Mark R. , Varma Chetan , Schnabel Renate B. , Zeller Tanja , Fabritz Larissa , Kirchhof Paulus F. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Natriuretic peptides are routinely quantified to diagnose heart failure (HF). Their concentrations are also elevated in atrial fibrillation (AF). To clarify their value in predicting future cardiovascular events, we measured natriuretic peptides in unselected patients with cardiovascular conditions and related their concentrations to AF and HF status and outcomes.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients with cardiovascular conditions presenting to a large teaching hospital underwent clinical assessment, 7‐day ECG monitoring, and echocardiography to diagnose AF and HF. NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) was centrally quantified. Based on a literature review, four NT‐proBNP groups were defined (<300, 300–999, 1000–1999, and ≥2000 pg/mL). Clinical characteristics and NT‐proBNP concentrations were related to HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death. Follow‐up data were available in 1616 of 1621 patients (99.7%) and analysis performed at 2.5 years (median age, 70 [interquartile range, 60–78] years; 40% women). HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death increased from 36 of 488 (3.2/100 person‐years) in patients with neither AF nor HF, to 55 of 354 (7.1/100 person‐years) in patients with AF only, 92 of 369 (12.1/100 person‐years) in patients with HF only, and 128 of 405 (17.7/100 person‐years) in patients with AF plus HF (
P
<0.001). Higher NT‐proBNP concentrations predicted the outcome in patients with AF only (C‐statistic, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77–0.86;
P
<0.001) and in other phenotype groups (C‐statistic in AF plus HF, 0.66; [95% CI, 0.61–0.70];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Elevated NT‐proBNP concentrations predict future HF events in patients with AF irrespective of the presence of HF, encouraging routine quantification of NT‐proBNP in the assessment of patients with AF.
Adaptation of Arterial Wall Viscosity to the Short‐Term Reduction of Heart Rate: Impact of Aging
Authors: Roca Frédéric , Iacob Michèle , Duflot Thomas , Donnadieu Nathalie , Thill Caroline , Bellien Jérémy , Joannides Robinson 
Published: February 2022

Background
Changes in arterial wall viscosity, which dissipates the energy stored within the arterial wall, may contribute to the beneficial effect of heart rate (HR) reduction on arterial stiffness and cardiovascular coupling. However, it has never been assessed in humans and could be altered by aging. We evaluated the effect of a selective HR‐lowering agent on carotid arterial wall viscosity and the impact of aging on this effect.

Methods and Results

This randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover study performed in 19 healthy volunteers evaluated the effects of ivabradine (5 mg BID, 1‐week) on carotid arterial wall viscosity, mechanics, hemodynamics, and cardiovascular coupling. Arterial wall viscosity was evaluated by the area of the hysteresis loop of the pressure‐lumen cross‐sectional area relationship, representing the energy dissipated (W
V
), and by the relative viscosity (W
V
/W
E
), with W
E
representing the elastic energy stored.

HR reduction by ivabradine increased W
V
and W
E
whereas W
V
/W
E
remained stable. In middle‐aged subjects (n=11), baseline arterial stiffness and cardiovascular coupling were less favorable, and W
E
was similar but W
V
and therefore W
V
/W
E
were lower than in youth (n=8). HR reduction increased W
V
/W
E
in middle‐aged but not in young subjects, owing to a larger increase in W
V
than W
E
. These results were supported by the age‐related linear increase in W
V
/W
E
after HR reduction (
P
=0.009), explained by a linear increase in W
V
.

Conclusion

HR reduction increases arterial wall energy dissipation proportionally to the increase in W
E
, suggesting an adaptive process to bradycardia. This mechanism is altered during aging resulting in a larger than expected energy dissipation, the impact of which should be assessed.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: 2015/077/HP. URL:
https://www
. eudract.ema.europa.eu; Unique identifier: 2015‐002060‐17.
Panax notoginsengSaponin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Lipid Metabolism Modulation
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Bin , Zhang Xuelian , Wang Min , Sun Xiaobo , Sun Guibo 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPeople with diabetes are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Panax notoginsengsaponin (PNS) has been used to treat diabetes and obesity. However, the role of PNS in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear.Methods and ResultsDiabetic db/db mice received high‐dose (200 mg/kg per day) or medium‐dose (100 mg/kg per day) PNS by gavage for 12 weeks until week 36. Lipid accumulation and cardiac function in diabetic mice were detected and possible mechanisms involved were explored. PNS significantly improved body weight, body fat content, serum lipids, adipocytokines, and antioxidative function in db/db mice. Lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and heart were also alleviated by PNS treatment. Cardiac function and mitochondrial structure were also improved by PNS. H9c2 cells were treated with palmitate acid, and PNS pretreatment reduced lipid accumulation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as improved mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Levels of proteins and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidative function, and mitochondrial dynamics were also improved by PNS administration.ConclusionsPNS attenuated heart dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing lipotoxicity as well as modulating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
Abstract TP178: AI Based Personalized Stroke Predictor For Patient Awareness And Treatment Compliance
Authors: Colangelo Giorgio , Montiel Estefania , Herrera Didier , Ribo Marc , Rubiera Marta , Molina Carlos A 
Published: February 2022

Personal prediction of stroke recurrence based on modifiable factors may enhance patient compliance to treatments and healthy lifestyles while optimizing resources of health centers. Vascular risk factors, socio-economic indicators and habits correlate with stroke morbidity and further recurrence. We aimed to estimate stroke recurrence probability as a function of time (3 months, &lt; 1 year and &gt; 1year), both at individual level and with larger classes of individuals. Clinical and socioeconomic public healthcare-based dataset of 41325 patients admitted with stroke diagnosis in 88 public hospitals over 6 years were analyzed.
Overall, 8509 patients presented a stroke (one or more) recurrence (20.6%), with the following temporal distribution: 3 months, 1 year and &gt; 1 year, 57%, 17% and 26% respectively. We developed a supervised-machine learning based study and identified modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with stronger impact on risk of stroke recurrence. An algorithm able to provide individualized risk of stroke recurrence at 3 and 12 months was developed (AUROC = 0.80, for balanced classes). The risk can be continuously updated according to the status of modifiable risk factors.
We also calculated the survival curve for each patient, to detect different risk recurrence periods along time.

a) ROC curve for the three classes predicted.

b) Feature importance to explain the model for features modifiable by the patient or not
c) Probability over time of “No stroke recurrence” in an example patient according to optimal (orange) or poor (blue) control of vascular risk factors

Machine learning analyses can improve risk prediction and offer individualized information to patients that can be used as feedback for secondary prevention strategies. Our approach is compatible with prevention strategies which, by continuous patient communication and feedbacks, make patients more likely to comply with treatment prescribed or lifestyle changes suggested.
Like Community, Like Language: Seventy-Five Years of Sindhi in Post-Partition India
Authors: Iyengar Arvind , Parchani Sundri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since Partition, the Sindhi language in India has frequently been written off by scholars and laypersons alike, citing supposed linguistic corruption, ever-shrinking domains of use, and near-obsolescence in written form. However, census figures have consistently registered an increase in Sindhi speakers in India over the last seven decades. This article argues for a fresh approach to analyzing the journey of Sindhi in post-Partition India to explain this apparent discrepancy. It adopts a language-ecological perspective and evaluates salient grammatical, sociolinguistic, and script-related changes in Indian Sindhi over the last seventy-five years. The article maintains that these changes represent structurally and sociolinguistically plausible adaptations to the language’s ecosystem since Partition. It concludes that, despite a reduction in domains of use, changes in Indian Sindhi, together with an increase in speakers, testify to the language’s survival in India.
Metabolic Side Effects of Olanzapine in Patients With Psychotic Disorders in Oman: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Tobi Zainab , Al Suleimani Yousuf , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Al-Shabibi Saud , Al Mahrizi Anwar , Al-Maqbali Juhaina , Al-Waili Khalid , Al-Adawi Samir , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim 
Published: February 2022

We evaluated the impact of olanzapine on metabolic changes in patients with psychotic disorders. This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients prescribed olanzapine and attending Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (Muscat, Oman). Patients were followed up retrospectively from March 2006 until April 2021. Cardiovascular treatment targets were evaluated as per the 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. We enrolled 253 patients (mean age: 40±17 years). Olanzapine monotherapy was associated with increased body weight (+8 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6–9; P < .001), body mass index (+3 kg/m2; 95% CI: 2–4; P < .001), total cholesterol (+.4 mmol/L; 95% CI: .3–.5; P < .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (+.3 mmol/L; 95% CI: .1–.4; P < .001), fasting triglycerides (+.2 mmol/L; 95% CI: .1–.3; P<.001), fasting glucose (+.6 mmol/L; 95% CI: .4–.7; P< .001), HbA1c (+.3%; 95% CI: .2–.4; P < .001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (+9 mmHg; 95% CI: 6–12; P < .001) and diastolic BP (+4 mmHg; 95% CI: 2–6; P < .001) levels. Cardiovascular therapeutic goals were attained in 38% (n = 97), 61% (n = 154), 71% (n = 180), and 59% (n = 150) for LDL-C, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and BP, respectively. Olanzapine was associated with adverse metabolic changes. Therefore, many patients were not at their target cardiovascular treatment goals.
Association Between Clinical Symptoms, Electrodiagnostic Findings, Clinical Outcome, and Prodromal Symptoms in Patients With Bell’s Palsy
Authors: Chae Seon A , Yoo Seung Don , Lee Seung Ah , Soh Yunsoo , Yoo Myung Chul , Yun Yeocheon , Chon Jinmann 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine which prodromal symptoms frequently occur in patients with Bell’s palsy and evaluate the association between these symptoms and clinical severity of paresis or the severity of facial nerve injury. Materials and Methods: The study included 86 patients with Bell’s palsy between August 2018 and April 2020. Severity levels of Bell’s palsy and facial nerve damage were evaluated using the House-Brackmann (H-B) grading scale and electrodiagnostic study, respectively. Subsequently, a self-reported questionnaire on prodromal symptoms was administered. To assess the degree of recovery, the H-B grade was reported at 9 weeks and 6 months after the onset of paralysis. Results: The most common prodromal symptoms were postauricular pain, sensory decline in the tongue, headache on the affected side, myalgia, facial sensory decline on the affected side, taste impairment, and dry eye. Taste impairment was significantly correlated with severe facial paralysis reported at 9 weeks after onset ( P < .05) and was not related to the severity of paresis assessed at initial examination or 6 months after onset or on electrodiagnostic findings. Conclusions: The prodromal symptoms of Bell’s palsy were not associated with the severity of facial nerve injury in an electrodiagnostic study. Taste impairment was related to clinical severity of paralysis at subacute stage, 9 weeks after onset, but it was not associated with long-term prognosis.
Power Bloc Legitimation Strategies in a Dependent Society: The Case of Argentina (2001–2019)
Authors: Cantamutto Francisco J. 
Published: February 2022

Argentina is a dependent country whose incorporation into the world market has deepened in the last decades. The question that arises is how it has been possible to politically legitimize this regressive trend. A study of the combinations of two structural mechanisms of dependency (extractivism and superexploitation of the workforce) with respect to the building of legitimacy shows a shift from a consensual strategy led by the industrial fraction—which seized the opportunity to redistribute land rent—to one centered on the power bloc as a whole in opposition to the popular classes. While extractivism increased throughout the period, superexploitation of the workforce displayed different phases of augmentation and attenuation depending on the power bloc’s political strategies. Argentina es un país dependiente cuyos rasgos de inserción externa se han profundizado en las últimas décadas. El interrogante que emerge es cómo ha sido posible legitimar políticamente esta tendencia regresiva. Un estudio de las combinaciones de dos mecanismos estructurales de la dependencia (extractivismo y superexplotación) de las posibilidades de las fracciones del bloque en el poder para construir legitimidad demuestra un cambio desde una estrategia consensual dirigida por la fracción industrial—aprovechando la posibilidad de redistribuir renta de la tierra—a una centrada en el conjunto del bloque en el poder y contraria a las clases populares. Mientras el extractivismo se intensificó durante todo el período, la superexplotación de la fuerza de trabajo mostró diferentes fases de intensificación y morigeración, según las estrategias políticas del bloque en el poder.
The Impact of Caregiving Intensity and Religiosity on Spousal Caregivers’ Health and Mortality in the US (2004–2014)
Authors: Koumoutzis Athena , Mehri Nader 
Published: February 2022

Objectives Despite adverse physical and mental health outcomes related to caregiving, family caregivers also experience lower mortality rates compared to noncaregivers. However, research has not yet examined the role of caregiving intensity and religiosity with health and mortality among spousal caregivers. Methods Data include spousal caregivers ( n=5,214 person-wave observations) and noncaregivers ( n=50,311 person-wave observations) from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2014 waves). Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore how caregiving intensity and religiosity were associated with health and mortality among spousal caregivers, compared health and mortality between caregivers and noncaregiving peers, and examined gender differences in these mechanisms. Results Greater religious salience and attending religious services, although dependent on gender and caregiving intensity, are protective for caregivers’ health and mortality. Discussion Religiosity may buffer adverse effects of caregiving on health and mortality for spousal caregivers. Continuation of prior religiosity may enhance positive aspects of caregiving and decrease caregiver burden.
Multiclass Discriminant Analysis using Ensemble Technique: Case Illustration from the Banking Industry
Authors: Viswanathan P. K. , Srivathsan Sandeep , Winston Wayne L. 
Published: February 2022

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has found extensive application in predicting bankruptcy. In this article, we elucidate a novel modelling approach for LDA that can also aid in gaining useful insights regarding the relative importance and ranking of factors in the banking industry. The model steers away from the traditional computation of the variance/covariance matrix and employs an ensemble technique to assign records to classes. The efficacy of our model is tested using two datasets. Specifically, a large dataset from the banking industry was partitioned into the testing and training datasets, and an accuracy of 87.9% was achieved JEL Codes: C38, G33