bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The world trade network: country centrality and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Antonietti Roberto , Falbo Paolo , Fontini Fulvio , Grassi Rosanna , Rizzini Giorgio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternational trade is based on a set of complex relationships between different countries that can be modelled as an extremely dense network of interconnected agents. On the one hand, this network might favour the economic growth of countries, but on the other, it can also favour the diffusion of diseases, such as COVID-19. In this paper, we study whether, and to what extent, the topology of the trade network can explain the rate of COVID-19 diffusion and mortality across countries. We compute the countries’ centrality measures and we apply the community detection methodology based on communicability distance. We then use these measures as focal regressors in a negative binomial regression framework. In doing so, we also compare the effects of different measures of centrality. Our results show that the numbers of infections and fatalities are larger in countries with a higher centrality in the global trade network.
Treatment of Provoked Vulvodynia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bohm-Starke Nina , Ramsay Karin Wilbe , Lytsy Per , Nordgren Birgitta , Sjöberg Inga , Moberg Klas , Flink Ida 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundTreatment recommendations for provoked vulvodynia (PVD) are based on clinical experiences and there is a need for systematically summarizing the controlled trials in this field.AimTo provide an overview of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of intervention for PVD, and to assess the certainty of the scientific evidence, in order to advance treatment guidelines.Data SourcesThe search was conducted in CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Embase (Embase.com), Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO (EBSCO) and Scopus. Databases were searched from January 1, 1990 to January 29, 2021.Study Eligibility CriteriaPopulation: Premenopausal women with PVD. Interventions: Pharmacological, surgical, psychosocial and physiotherapy, either alone or as combined/team-based interventions. Control: No treatment, waiting-list, placebo or other defined treatment. Outcomes: Pain during intercourse, pain upon pressure or touch of the vaginal opening, sexual function/satisfaction, quality of life, psychological distress, adverse events and complications. Study design: Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of interventions with a control group.Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods2 reviewers independently screened citations for eligibility and assessed relevant studies for risk of bias using established tools. The results from each intervention were summarized. Studies were synthesized using a narrative approach, as meta-analyses were not considered appropriate. For each outcome, we assessed the certainty of evidence using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE).ResultsMost results of the evaluated studies in this systematic review were found to have very low certainty of evidence, which means that we are unable to draw any conclusions about effects of the interventions. Multimodal physiotherapy compared with lidocaine treatment was the only intervention with some evidential support (low certainty of evidence for significant treatment effects favoring physiotherapy). It was not possible to perform meta-analyses due to a heterogeneity in interventions and comparisons. In addition, there was a heterogeneity in outcome measures, which underlines the need to establish joint core outcome sets.Clinical ImplicationsOur result underscores the need of stringent trials and defined core outcome sets for PVD.Strength and LimitationsStandard procedures for systematic reviews and the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome model for clinical questions were used. The strict eligibility criteria resulted in limited number of studies which might have resulted in a loss of important information.ConclusionThis systematic review underlines the need for more methodologically stringent trials on interventions for PVD, particularly for multimodal treatments approaches. For future research, there is a demand for joint core outcome sets.
Diagnostic ability of mid-upper arm circumference-to-length ratio in detecting wasting among infants aged 1–6 months in Ethiopia
Authors: Jima Beshada Rago , Hassen Hamid Yimem , Bahwere Paluku , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an age-sensitive anthropometric measurement in infants. However, exact age is difficult to know, particularly in low-income countries. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of an age-independent mid-upper arm circumference-to-length (MUAC/L) ratio measurement in detecting wasting among infants aged 1–6 months in Ethiopia. A facility-based diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on 467 in-patient infants aged 1–6 months from March to May 2019. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of MUAC/L to detect wasting. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The magnitude of severe wasting was 21⋅6 % and moderate wasting was 13⋅0 %. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of MUAC/L was 0⋅77 (95 % CI 0⋅73, 0⋅81) for detecting moderate wasting and 0⋅92 (95 % CI 0⋅89, 0⋅94) for detecting severe wasting. MUAC/L had a sensitivity of 91⋅1 % (95 % CI 81⋅3, 94⋅4), a specificity of 84⋅7 % (95 % CI 80⋅6, 88⋅2), a positive likelihood ratio of 5⋅82 (95 % CI 4⋅53, 7⋅48) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0⋅13 (95 % CI 0⋅07, 0⋅22) in total infants. The optimal MUAC/L cut-off was <0⋅190 for boys and <0⋅185 for girls. MUAC/L had an AUC of 0⋅77 and 0⋅92 in predicting moderate and severe wasting in infants aged 1–6 months, respectively. Using MUAC/L to treat Ethiopian infants with severe wasting and infants with similar characteristics in other countries could improve treatment coverage.
Effects of sodium intake and cardiorespiratory fitness on body composition and genetic susceptibility to obesity: results from the Quebec Family Study
Authors: Tremblay Angelo , Pérusse Louis , Bertrand Catherine , Jacob Raphaëlle , Couture Christian , Drapeau Vicky 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on body composition. The study was also intended to assess whether Na intake and/or CRF mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. Analyses were performed on a sample of 526 adult participants from the Quebec Family Study for whom a complete data set was available for nutrient and energy intake, CRF and body composition variables. The effects of Na, CRF and their interaction were analysed by comparing sex-specific tertiles using general linear mixed models. In both males and females, we observed a significant effect of Na intake and CRF on all body composition variables. However, in females only, we found that the effect of Na intake on body composition variables varies according to CRF level such that high Na intake was associated with increased body fatness, but only in females with low CRF. This interaction effect remained significant after statistical adjustment for total sugar, fat and energy intake. Using mediation analysis, we also found Na intake and CRF to be significant mediators of the relationship between a polygenic risk score of obesity based on > 500 000 genetic variants and BMI or waist circumference. In conclusion, the current study shows that Na intake influences body composition via mechanisms that interact with aerobic fitness, especially in females. Furthermore, both Na intake and CRF seem to be involved in the expression of the genetic susceptibility to obesity.
The finite dual of commutative-by-finite Hopf algebras
Authors: Brown K. A. , Couto M. , Jahn A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe finite dual
$H^{\circ}$
of an affine commutative-by-finite Hopf algebra H is studied. Such a Hopf algebra H is an extension of an affine commutative Hopf algebra A by a finite dimensional Hopf algebra
$\overline{H}$
. The main theorem gives natural conditions under which
$H^{\circ}$
decomposes as a crossed or smash product of
$\overline{H}^{\ast}$
by the finite dual
$A^{\circ}$
of A. This decomposition is then further analysed using the Cartier–Gabriel–Kostant theorem to obtain component Hopf subalgebras of
$H^{\circ}$
mapping onto the classical components of
$A^{\circ}$
. The detailed consequences for a number of families of examples are then studied.
Quality of haylage ofBrachiaria brizanthawith different contents of dry matter in the storage
Authors: dos S. Ezequiel F. L. , Edvan R. L. , de Azevedo F. L. , de Farias P. C. B. , do Nascimento R. R. , Barros D. M. A. , de Araújo M. J. , Miranda R. de S. , Bezerra L. R. , Santos E. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha) haylage according to different dry matter (DM) contents in storage. The design adopted was completely randomized with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were DM contents of the plant at the moment of storage (in natura, 30–40, 40–50 and 50–60% DM). The analyses to assess the quality of the haylage were performed after 90 days of storage. The chemical composition, microbiological population, gas quantification, pH, N-NH3, volatile fatty acids, soluble carbohydrates (CHO) and the aerobic stability were evaluated. The means were compared through the Tukey's test and linear regression. The treatment with 50–60% DM presented the highest DM and CHO contents which were 563.8 and 42.0 g/kg, respectively. There was a higher presence of oxygen in the haylage ofin naturamaterial, which was 4.8%. There was no difference between treatments for the population of lactic acid bacteria; however, the treatment with 50–60% DM had the highest concentration of enterobacteria. The haylage with 30–40% DM and 50–60% DM presented high concentrations of acetic acid. There was no break in aerobic stability for any treatment within 120 h after opening the bales. There was a smaller amount of N-NH3in treatments with 40–50% DM and 50–60% DM. The Marandu grass with a DM content of 50–60% for haylage making demonstrated better quality characterization of conserved forage.
Medical management of severe obstructive sleep apnoea in two cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Gajaweera H S , Griffiths C , Everitt L H , Evans H J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveSevere paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea in typically developing children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy is primarily managed surgically. Non-emergency ENT surgery was paused early in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and children were offered medical management for obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsA service evaluation was performed to assess the impact of continuous positive airway pressure alongside medical management for severe obstructive sleep apnoea.ResultsOver 5 months during 2020, in a tertiary care setting, two children (one boy and one girl), aged 2.7 years and 4.1 years, were offered continuous positive airway pressure and medical treatments for severe obstructive sleep apnoea whilst surgery was paused during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Both children failed to establish continuous positive airway pressure therapy because of ongoing disturbed sleep on ventilation, and they proceeded to adenotonsillectomy. Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale scores improved following surgical intervention.ConclusionContinuous positive airway pressure therapy is poorly tolerated in children with severe obstructive sleep apnoea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Surgery remains the most appropriate treatment.
Current variations and practice patterns in tympanic membrane perforation repair
Authors: Benyo S , Saadi R A , Sacks C D , Patel V , King T S , Isildak H 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveManagement of tympanic membrane perforations is varied. This study aimed to better understand current practice patterns in myringoplasty and type 1 tympanoplasty.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was distributed to American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery members. Practice patterns were compared in terms of fellowship training, practice length, practice setting, paediatric case frequency and total cases per year.ResultsOf the 321 respondents, most were comprehensive otolaryngologists (60.4 per cent), in private practice (60.8 per cent), with a primarily adult practice (59.8 per cent). Fellowship training was the factor most associated with significant variations in management, including pre-operative antibiotic usage (p = 0.019), contraindications (p < 0.001), approach to traumatic perforations (p < 0.001), use of local anaesthesia (p < 0.001), graft material (p < 0.001), tympanoplasty technique (p = 0.003), endoscopic assistance (p < 0.001) and timing of post-operative audiology evaluation (p = 0.003).ConclusionSubspecialty training appears to be the main variable associated with significant differences in peri-operative decision-making for surgical repair of tympanic membrane perforations.
Structures of synthetic helical filaments and tubes based on peptide and peptido-mimetic polymers
Authors: Miller Jessalyn G. , Hughes Spencer A. , Modlin Charles , Conticello Vincent P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSynthetic peptide and peptido-mimetic filaments and tubes represent a diverse class of nanomaterials with a broad range of potential applications, such as drug delivery, vaccine development, synthetic catalyst design, encapsulation, and energy transduction. The structures of these filaments comprise supramolecular polymers based on helical arrangements of subunits that can be derived from self-assembly of monomers based on diverse structural motifs. In recent years, structural analyses of these materials at near-atomic resolution (NAR) have yielded critical insights into the relationship between sequence, local conformation, and higher-order structure and morphology. This structural information offers the opportunity for development of new tools to facilitate the predictable and reproduciblede novodesign of synthetic helical filaments. However, these studies have also revealed several significant impediments to the latter process – most notably, the common occurrence of structural polymorphism due to the lability of helical symmetry in structural space. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the structures of designed peptide and peptido-mimetic filamentous assemblies, with a focus on structures that have been solved to NAR for which reliable atomic models are available.
Deserving Hukou: An Exploration of How Chinese People Evaluate Migrants’ Welfare Deservingness
Authors: ØSTERBY-JØRGENSEN ANDREAS MICHAEL 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin the welfare deservingness literature, the question of how people conceive of deservingness criteria is still underexplored. Theoretical insights indicate that identity and reciprocity criteria are more fluidly conceived by people than much deservingness literature describes. Through a qualitative analysis, I explore how Chinese people evaluate the deservingness of a group of Chinese nationals (identity) who contribute (reciprocity) but are excluded from welfare: intranational Chinese migrants. I find that Chinese people have multiple conceptions of identity and reciprocity criteria. Some conceive of identity through larger communities, such as the nation, while others conceive of it through local communities, such as the family. Reciprocity can be conceived of in a less conditional way, which means that contributions generally make one deserving, and in a more conditional way, where one’s deservingness depends on one’s ability to make more specific kinds of contributions. Welfare recipients’ deservingness becomes very dependent on respondents’ conceptions of these deservingness criteria.
Locating liveness in holographic performances: technological anxiety and participatory fandom at Vocaloid concerts
Authors: Michaud Alyssa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the growing global phenomenon of automated holographic concerts given by virtual pop stars called ‘Vocaloids’. Alternately acclaimed by music journalists as ‘the future of music’ and derided as ‘a robo-show, a concert simulacrum’, Vocaloid concerts across the past 10 years have sparked feelings of anxiety and prompted debate about the loss of human interaction at pre-programmed concerts. In this article, I extend Vocaloid research from recent work that addresses Vocaloid's creative online community into the middle of arenas of screaming fans, drawing on participant observation, reception history and live performance analysis in order to demonstrate the importance of participatory fandom in Vocaloid culture and its implications for 21st-century concepts of liveness. I argue that the creation of cultural meaning and the most significant interactions occur within the audience itself, when online amateur music-making communities intersect with participatory fandom at live concert events.
Task difficulty and private speech in typically developing and at-risk preschool children
Authors: MULVIHILL Aisling , MATTHEWS Natasha , DUX Paul E. , CARROLL Annemaree 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrivate speech is a cognitive tool to guide thinking and behavior, yet its regulatory use in atypical development remains equivocal. This study investigated the influence of task difficulty on private speech in preschool children with attention or language difficulties. Measures of private speech use, form and content were obtained while 52 typically developing and 25 developmentally at-risk three- to four-year-old children completed Duplo construction and card sort tasks, each comprising two levels of challenge. In line with previous research, developmentally at-risk children used less internalized private speech than typically developing peers. However, both typically developing and at-risk children demonstrated a similar regulatory private speech response to difficulty with no systematic evidence of group difference. This was captured by an increase in all utterances, reduced private speech internalization, and more frequent forethought and self-reflective content. Results support the hypothesis of delayed private speech internalization but not regulatory deviance in atypical development.
Changes in progress in late Northumbrian: the extension of -s as genitive and plural marker
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ LEDESMA NIEVES 
Published: March 2022

Some of the linguistic changes which are crucial in the history of English and have traditionally been ascribed to Middle English can already be observed in late Northumbrian. One of these changes is the extension of genitive singular -es from the a-stems to other noun classes. Another is the spread of nominative/accusative plural -as from the masculine a-stems to the neuters and to other declensions. The aim of this article is to establish the actual scale on which these two interparadigmatic analogical changes are found in the glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels and to the Durham Collectar, both dating from the tenth century.The present study intends to shed more light on the process of morphological restructuring affecting the declensional system of late Northumbrian, and has three main aims: (a) to determine the pattern of dissemination of the innovative inflectional endings; (b) to establish which variables are significant in these analogical processes: declension, type and token frequency, grammatical context, Latin lemma, demarcation; and (c) to account for the different developmental tendencies of these two linguistic changes.
On the Configuration of More and Less Expressive Logic Programs
Authors: DODARO CARMINE , MARATEA MARCO , VALLATI MAURO 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe decoupling between the representation of a certain problem, that is, its knowledge model, and the reasoning side is one of main strong points of model-based artificial intelligence (AI). This allows, for example, to focus on improving the reasoning side by having advantages on the whole solving process. Further, it is also well known that many solvers are very sensitive to even syntactic changes in the input. In this paper, we focus on improving the reasoning side by taking advantages of such sensitivity. We consider two well-known model-based AI methodologies, SAT and ASP, define a number of syntactic features that may characterise their inputs, and use automated configuration tools to reformulate the input formula or program. Results of a wide experimental analysis involving SAT and ASP domains, taken from respective competitions, show the different advantages that can be obtained by using input reformulation and configuration.
Living in the Shadows: Rohingya Refugees in Malaysia
Authors: MAHASETH Harsh , BANUSEKAR Samyuktha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDenied citizenship and persecuted in Myanmar, the Rohingya have fled to various countries, including Malaysia. However, Malaysia is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. It also has weak domestic legal and regulatory mechanisms to protect refugees and asylum-seekers. In this paper, the authors study the treatment of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia and suggest how the Malaysian legal system can better protect them by adapting international legal practices.
Review of Geochronologic and Geochemical Data of the Greater Antilles Volcanic Arc and Implications for the Evolution of Oceanic Arcs
Authors: Hu H. Y. , Stern R. J. , Rojas‐Agramonte Y. , Garcia‐Casco A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Greater Antilles islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Jamaica plus the Virgin Islands host fragments of the fossil convergent margin that records Cretaceous subduction (operated for about 90 m.y.) of the American plates beneath the Caribbean plate and ensuing arc‐continent collision in Late Cretaceous‐Eocene time. The “soft” collision between the Greater Antilles Arc (GAA) and the Bahamas platform (and the margin of the Maya Block in western Cuba) preserved much of the convergent margin. This fossil geosystem represents an excellent natural laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of an intra‐oceanic convergent margin. We compiled geochronologic (664 ages) and geochemical data (more than 1,500 analyses) for GAA igneous and metamorphic rocks. The data was classified with a simple fourfold subdivision: fore‐arc mélange, fore‐arc ophiolite, magmatic arc, and retro‐arc to inspect the evolution of GAA through its entire lifespan. The onset of subduction recorded by fore‐arc units, together with the oldest magmatic arc sequence shows that the GAA started in Early Cretaceous time and ceased in Paleogene time. The arc was locally affected (retro‐arc region in Hispaniola) by the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) in Early Cretaceous and strongly in Late Cretaceous time. Despite multiple biases in the database presented here, this work is intended to help overcome some of the obstacles and motivate systematic study of the GAA. Our results encourage exploration of offshore regions, especially in the east where the forearc is submerged. Offshore explorations are also encouraged in the south, to investigate relations with the CLIP.