bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective evaluation of choroidal melanin loss in patients with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Miura Masahiro , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Azuma Shinnosuke , Mino Toshihiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuo , Iwasaki Takuya , Nemoto Rei , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Goto Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, sunset glow fundus was evaluated in patients with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). We evaluated 40 VKH eyes (20 patients) and 59 healthy eyes (59 age-matched controls). VKH eyes were divided into three groups according to color fundus images: sunset (17 eyes), potential sunset (13 eyes), and non-sunset (10 eyes). Choroidal melanin thickness (ChMeT) and the choroidal melanin thickness ratio (ChMeTratio) were calculated based on the degree of polarization uniformity from PS-OCT. ChMeT was significantly lower in sunset eyes than in non-sunset or control eyes (P = 0.003). The ChMeTratios of sunset or potential sunset eyes were significantly lower than those of non-sunset or control eyes (P = 0.04). Regional evaluation of ChMeT and the ChMeTratio showed that choroidal depigmentation predominantly occurred in the macula’s outer ring area (P = 0.002). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves discriminating combined sunset (sunset and potential sunset) from non-sunset eyes were 0.983 and 0.997 for ChMeT and the ChMeTratio, respectively. Time course evaluation of 12 eyes from disease onset showed that ChMeT and the ChMeTratio significantly decreased over time. PS-OCT may be useful for objectively evaluating choroidal depigmentation in patients with VKH disease.
Short-term smoking increases the risk of insulin resistance
Authors: Cho Soo Hyeon , Jeong Sung Hoon , Shin Jaeyong , Park Sohee , Jang Sung-In 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsulin resistance can be affected directly or indirectly by smoking. This cross-sectional study aimed at examining the association between smoking patterns and insulin resistance using objective biomarkers. Data from 4043 participants sourced from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2016 to 2018, were examined. Short-term smoking patterns were used to classify participants according to urine levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and cotinine as continuous-smokers, past-smokers, current-smokers, and non-smokers. Insulin resistance was calculated using the triglyceride-glucose index from blood samples and was defined as either high or low. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between smoking behavior and insulin resistance. Men and women who were continuous-smokers (men: odds ratio [OR] = 1.74, p = 0.001; women: OR = 2.01, p = 0.001) and past-smokers (men: OR = 1.47, p = 0.033; women: OR = 1.37, p = 0.050) were more likely to have high insulin resistance than their non-smoking counterparts. Long-term smokers (≥ 40 days) are at an increased risk of insulin resistance in short-term smoking patterns. Smoking cessation may protect against insulin resistance. Therefore, first-time smokers should be educated about the health benefits of quitting smoking.
Chromosome-scale Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G1) genome reveals the Eg95 gene family and conservation of the EG95-vaccine molecule
Authors: Korhonen Pasi K. , Kinkar Liina , Young Neil D. , Cai Huimin , Lightowlers Marshall W. , Gauci Charles , Jabbar Abdul , Chang Bill C. H. , Wang Tao , Hofmann Andreas , Koehler Anson V. , Li Junhua , Li Jiandong , Wang Daxi , Yin Jiefang , Yang Huanming , Jenkins David J. , Saarma Urmas , Laurimäe Teivi , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Irshadullah Malik , Mirhendi Hossein , Sharbatkhori Mitra , Ponce-Gordo Francisco , Simsek Sami , Casulli Adriano , Zait Houria , Atoyan Hripsime , de la Rue Mario Luiz , Romig Thomas , Wassermann Marion , Aghayan Sargis A. , Gevorgyan Hasmik , Yang Bicheng , Gasser Robin B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a socioeconomically important parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the canid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, afflicting millions of humans and animals worldwide. The development of a vaccine (called EG95) has been the most notable translational advance in the fight against this disease in animals. However, almost nothing is known about the genomic organisation/location of the family of genes encoding EG95 and related molecules, the extent of their conservation or their functions. The lack of a complete reference genome for E. granulosus genotype G1 has been a major obstacle to addressing these areas. Here, we assembled a chromosomal-scale genome for this genotype by scaffolding to a high quality genome for the congener E. multilocularis, localised Eg95 gene family members in this genome, and evaluated the conservation of the EG95 vaccine molecule. These results have marked implications for future explorations of aspects such as developmentally-regulated gene transcription/expression (using replicate samples) for all E. granulosus stages; structural and functional roles of non-coding genome regions; molecular ‘cross-talk’ between oncosphere and the immune system; and defining the precise function(s) of EG95. Applied aspects should include developing improved tools for the diagnosis and chemotherapy of cystic echinococcosis of humans.
Over-expression of TaDWF4 increases wheat productivity under low and sufficient nitrogen through enhanced carbon assimilation
Authors: Milner Matthew J. , Swarbreck Stéphanie M. , Craze Melanie , Bowden Sarah , Griffiths Howard , Bentley Alison R. , Wallington Emma J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a strong pressure to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs while maintaining or increasing current cereal crop yields. We show that overexpression of TaDWF4-B, the dominant shoot expressed homoeologue of OsDWF4, in wheat can increase plant productivity by up to 105% under a range of N levels on marginal soils, resulting in increased N use efficiency (NUE). We show that a two to four-fold increase in TaDWF4 transcript levels enhances the responsiveness of genes regulated by N. The productivity increases seen were primarily due to the maintenance of photosystem II operating efficiency and carbon assimilation in plants when grown under limiting N conditions and not an overall increase in photosynthesis capacity. The increased biomass production and yield per plant in TaDWF4 OE lines could be linked to modified carbon partitioning and changes in expression pattern of the growth regulator Target Of Rapamycin, offering a route towards breeding for sustained yield and lower N inputs.
An exceptionally preserved Sphenodon-like sphenodontian reveals deep time conservation of the tuatara skeleton and ontogeny
Authors: Simões Tiago R. , Kinney-Broderick Grace , Pierce Stephanie E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSphenodontian reptiles are an extremely old evolutionary lineage forming the closest relatives to squamates (lizards and snakes) and were globally distributed and more diverse than squamates during the first half of their evolutionary history. However, the majority of their fossils are highly fragmentary, especially within sphenodontines—the group including its single surviving species,Sphenodon punctatus(the tuatara of New Zealand)—thus severely hampering our understanding on the origins of the tuatara. Here, we present a new sphenodontian species from the Early Jurassic of North America (Arizona, USA) represented by a nearly complete articulated skeleton and dozens of upper and lower jaws forming the most complete ontogenetic series in the sphenodontian fossil record. CT-scanning provides plentitude of data that unambiguously place this new taxon as one of the earliest evolving and oldest known sphenodontines. Comparisons withSphenodonreveal that fundamental patterns of mandibular ontogeny and skeletal architecture inSphenodonmay have originated at least ~190Mya. In combination with recent findings, our results suggest strong morphological stability and an ancient origin of the modern tuatara morphotype.
Boron-lead multiple bonds in the PbB2O– and PbB3O2– clusters
Authors: Chen Wei-Jia , Chen Teng-Teng , Chen Qiang , Lu Hai-Gang , Zhao Xiao-Yun , Ma Yuan-Yuan , Yan Qiao-Qiao , Yuan Rui-Nan , Li Si-Dian , Wang Lai-Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite its electron deficiency, boron can form multiple bonds with a variety of elements. However, multiple bonds between boron and main-group metal elements are relatively rare. Here we report the observation of boron-lead multiple bonds in PbB2O– and PbB3O2–, which are produced and characterized in a cluster beam. PbB2O– is found to have an open-shell linear structure, in which the bond order of B☱Pb is 2.5, while the closed-shell [Pb≡B–B≡O]2– contains a B≡Pb triple bond. PbB3O2– is shown to have a Y-shaped structure with a terminal B = Pb double bond coordinated by two boronyl ligands. Comparison between [Pb≡B–B≡O]2–/[Pb=B(B≡O)2]– and the isoelectronic [Pb≡B–C≡O]–/[Pb=B(C≡O)2]+ carbonyl counterparts further reveals transition-metal-like behaviors for the central B atoms. Additional theoretical studies show that Ge and Sn can form similar boron species as Pb, suggesting the possibilities to synthesize new compounds containing multiple boron bonds with heavy group-14 elements.
Multi-cavity gravito-acoustic oscillation modes in stars
Authors: Pinçon C. , Takata M. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Over recent decades, asteroseismology has proven to be a powerful method for probing stellar interiors. Analytical descriptions of the global oscillation modes, in combination with pulsation codes, have provided valuable help in processing and interpreting the large amount of seismic data collected, for instance, by space-borne missions CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS. These prior results have paved the way to more in-depth analyses of the oscillation spectra of stars in order to delve into subtle properties of their interiors. This purpose conversely requires innovative theoretical descriptions of stellar oscillations.
Aims. In this paper, we aim to analytically express the resonance condition of the adiabatic oscillation modes of spherical stars in a very general way that is applicable at different evolutionary stages.
Methods. In the present formulation, a star is represented as an acoustic interferometer composed of a multitude of resonant cavities where waves can propagate and the short-wavelength JWKB approximation is met. Each cavity is separated from the adjacent ones by barriers, which correspond to regions either where waves are evanescent or where the JWKB approximation fails. Each barrier is associated with a reflection and transmission coefficient. The stationary modes are then computed using two different physical representations: (1) studying the infinite-time reflections and transmissions of a wave energy ray through the ensemble of cavities or (2) solving the linear boundary value problem using the progressive matching of the wave function from one barrier to the adjacent one between the core and surface.
Results. Both physical pictures provide the same resonance condition, which ultimately turns out to depend on a number of parameters: the reflection and transmission phase lags introduced by each barrier, the coupling factor associated with each barrier, and the wave number integral over each resonant cavity. Using such a formulation, we can retrieve, in a practical way, the usual forms derived in previous works in the case of mixed modes with two or three cavities coupled though evanescent barriers, low- and large-amplitude glitches, and the simultaneous presence of evanescent regions and glitches.
Conclusions. The resonance condition obtained in this work provides a new tool that is useful in predicting the oscillation spectra of stars and interpreting seismic observations at different evolutionary stages in a simple way. Practical applications require more detailed analyses to make the link between the reflection-transmission parameters and the internal structure. These aspects will be the subject of a future paper.
Integrating Combined First Trimester Screening for Preeclampsia into Routine Ultrasound Examination
Authors: Trottmann Fabienne , Mollet Anne Elena , Amylidi-Mohr Sofia , Surbek Daniel , Raio Luigi , Mosimann Beatrice 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) London has developed a first trimester screening algorithm for preeclampsia (PE), based on maternal characteristics and past risk
factors, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), and placental growth factor (PlGF). The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of integrating PE
screening into routine practice.
Material and Methods All pregnancies with a fetal crown-rump length of 45 – 84 mm presenting to our ultrasound department between January 2014 and September 2020 were included in
this analysis. Screening for PE was offered to singleton pregnancies only. The number of screening tests performed in the eligible population was assessed and the reasons for missed
screenings identified with the help of the electronic clinical database. SPSS Statistics 25 and GraphPad version 8.0 for Windows were used for statistical analysis.
Results 6535 pregnancies were included, 4510 (69.0%) of which were screened for PE. The percentage of patients being offered PE screening increased over the years from 63.1 to 96.7%
(rs = 0.96; p = 0.003), while the rate of screenings performed in eligible patients remained stable at a median [range] of 86.2% [78.0 – 91.8%] (p = ns). 2025 (31.0%)
pregnancies were not screened for PE, 1306 (64.5%) because they were not eligible for screening. 145 (2.2%) women explicitly declined PE screening; their background risk was lower than that
of women who accepted screening.
Conclusion Our study shows that integration of PE screening into the routine first trimester ultrasound scan is feasible and widely accepted by pregnant women and health care
providers.
Versorgungsrealität stationär behandelter Patienten mit proximaler Humerusfraktur – Eine Analyse auf Basis von GKV-Daten
Authors: von Dercks Nikolaus , Hepp Pierre , Theopold Jan , Henkelmann Ralf , Häckl Dennis , Kossack Nils 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie proximale Humerusfraktur ist eine der häufigsten Frakturen des älteren Menschen. Während epidemiologische Faktoren gut untersucht wurden, ist der Einfluss einer proximalen
Humerusfraktur auf die Morbidität, Mortalität und assoziierten Kosten unzureichend analysiert.Auf der Basis von 4,1 Mio. GKV-Versicherten wurden für den Zeitraum 2012–2016 Patienten mit (Studienpopulation, SP) und ohne (Vergleichsgruppe, VG) proximale Humerusfraktur (pHF) in
Hinblick auf Komorbidität, Rehospitalisierung, Mortalität, Medikamenten- und Heilmittelbedarf sowie Anzahl und Facharztkontakten verglichen.6068 Patienten der SP erfüllten die Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien (Alter 69,4 ± 14,3 Jahre; m : w = 28,2% : 71,8%). 4781 Patienten (78,8%) erhielten eine operative, 1287 Patienten (21,2%)
eine konservative Versorgung der pHF. Folgehospitalisierungen und Hausarztbesuche traten bei der SP vs. VG häufiger auf (p < 0,01). Facharztkontakte nach pHF variierten nach Fachgebiet
ebenso wie behandelte Neuerkrankungen. Typische Fachrichtungen für Vorsorgeuntersuchungen waren signifikant seltener (Gynäkologie p < 0,01, Pathologie p < 0,01, Dermatologie
p < 0,01). Nach pHF lagen die Kosten der SP für Arzneimittel (2490,76 ± 1395,51 € vs. 2167,86 ± 1314,43 €; p = 0,04), Heil- (867,01 ± 238,67 € vs. 393,26 ± 217,55 €; p < 0,01) und
Hilfsmittel (821,02 ± 415,73 € vs. 513,52 ± 368,76 €; p < 0,01) signifikant über der VG. Die 2-Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit nach pHF ist bei der SP geringer als in der VG
(p < 0,01).Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nach proximaler Humerusfraktur die Morbidität und Mortalität sowie die Kosten der mit der Verletzung assoziierten Versorgung steigen. Vorsorgerelevante
Untersuchungen und Behandlungen werden reduziert in Anspruch genommen. Versorgungskonzepte von Patienten mit proximalen Humerusfrakturen sollten in Zukunft nicht nur in Hinblick auf
funktionelle Scores und Komplikationsraten, sondern auch bez. Lebensqualität und Erhalt der allgemeinen Gesundheit optimiert werden.
Psychiatrieseelsorge als Begegnung und Begleitung in und nach dem Klinikaufenthalt
Authors: Enz Martin 
Published: March 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPatienten in psychiatischen Kliniken werden in Deutschland von berufenen und ausgebildeten Seelsorgern der beiden großen Konfessionen begleitet. Pfarrer Martin Enz, Psychatrieseelsorger in Ulm, setzt sich dafür ein, dass diese Patienten auch nach dem Klinikaufenthalt von Seelsorgern begleitet werden, so sie es wünschen.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Models in Obstetrics: A Review of Current Practices and Future Directions
Authors: Francis Antonia P. , Alshowaikh Khadija , Napoleon Melissa , Al-Khan Abdulla , Kayaalp Emre 
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its associated complications. The hypercoagulable state in both the antenatal and postnatal periods contributes to thromboembolism and continues to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The non-specific signs and symptoms of VTE in pregnancy and the lack of specific Risk Assessment Models (RAMs) propose a diagnostic challenge in the obstetric population. This review aims to discuss and compare existing RAMs and highlights the important challenges of using established RAMs in obstetric patients. It also emphasizes the importance of enhancing and individualizing RAMs in obstetrics to improve maternal healthcare.
Key Points
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Tandem [4+2] Annulation To Construct Functional Dihydroisoquinolinones
Authors: Dong Lin , Yang Jia-Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA highly efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed tandem [4+2] annulation to construct functional dihydroisoquinolinone derivatives with an alkenyl side chain by insertion into an N–O bond as an internal oxidation process has been achieved. A wide range of 1,3-dienes as the coupling partners makes this simple methodology even more useful.
Maternal Perinatal Telemonitoring in the Context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in a Tertiary Health Center in Peru
Authors: Novoa Rommy H. , Meza-Santibañez Luis , Melgarejo Wilder E. , Huang-Yang Xin , Guevara-Ríos Enrique , Torres-Osorio Juan , Aponte-Laban Rosa , Jáuregui-Canchari Vladimir , Rodríguez-Hilario Noe , Ventura Walter 
Published: March 2022

Objective This study aimed to describe the characteristics of a telemonitoring program that was rapidly implemented in our institution as a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the maternal and perinatal outcomes of women who attended this program.
Study Design Retrospective study of patients via phone-call telemonitoring during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020–August 2020). Maternal and perinatal outcomes were collected and described. Health providers' satisfaction with the telemonitoring program was assessed via an email survey.
Results Twenty-three (69.7%) health providers answered the survey. The mean age was 64.5 years, 91.3% were OB/GYN (obstetrician-gynecologist) doctors, and 95% agreed that telemonitoring is an adequate method to provide health care when in-person visits are difficult. The 78.7% of scheduled telemonitoring consultations were finally completed. We performed 2,181 telemonitoring consultations for 616 pregnant women and 544 telemonitoring consultations for puerperal women. Other medical specialties offering telemonitoring included gynecology, reproductive health, family planning, cardiology, endocrinology, and following up with patients with reactive serology to severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The majority of the population attending our telemonitoring program were categorized as the lowest strata, i.e., III and IV, according to the Human Development Index, and approximately 42% were deemed as high-risk pregnant women. Additionally, we reported the perinatal outcomes of 424 (63%) pregnant women, the most relevant finding being that approximately 53% of them had cesarean sections.
Conclusion Telemonitoring is an adequate method of continuing the provision of prenatal care when in-person visits are difficult in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemonitoring is feasible even in institutions with no or little experience in telemedicine. The perinatal outcomes in women with telemonitoring seem to be similar to that in the general population.
Key Points
Exploration of Differences between Women Who Do and Do Not Disclose Their Marijuana Use during Pregnancy
Authors: Murnan Aaron W. , Keim Sarah A. , Klebanoff Mark A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective This study aimed to explore demographic and health-related factors that may differentiate women who do and do not disclose their marijuana use during pregnancy.
Study Design The current study is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women identified as using marijuana during pregnancy via a variety of assessment tools including self-report, urine screen, and obstetrics record abstraction. The cohort included a convenience sample of women recruited from several antenatal clinics at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC). To be eligible, women needed to be within the first or second trimester of their pregnancy, 16 to 50 years of age, able to communicate in English, and intended to deliver at OSUWMC. Chi-square, independent samples t-tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences between those who did and did not disclose their use in relation to physical and mental health diagnoses, adverse experiences, use of other substances, and demographics.
Results Women who used marijuana during their pregnancy and had mental/physical health data available comprised the current sample (n = 109). Women who attended college were more likely to disclose their marijuana use compared with women who did not attend college (p < 0.001). Women who experienced homelessness (p < 0.01) or self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to disclose their marijuana use.
Conclusion Findings, suggesting disclosure of other substance use and adverse experiences, such as homelessness, may increase the likelihood that pregnant women will voluntarily disclose their marijuana use to providers. Findings did not reflect racial differences nor significant differences in mental/physical health status among women based on their disclosure. Future research with larger datasets is needed to build on these findings by confirming results, as well as exploring additional factors, that may more effectively differentiate women who are unlikely to disclose their prenatal marijuana use from those who do disclose their use.
Key Points
Heteroatom-Tethered ω-Alkenylallylboronates: Stereoselective Synthesis of Heterocyclic Derived Alcohols
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Garnes-Portolés Francisco , Miguélez Rubén , Grayson Matthew N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of ω-alkenylallylboronates using a heteroatom tether to join both functional groups is described for the first time. Then, these unprecedented compounds were used in a tandem Brønsted acid catalyzed allylboration/ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction affording heterocyclic derived alcohols as single diastereoisomers. The low enantioselectivity observed in the asymmetric version using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst was studied theoretically.