bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synopsis of Folkloric Significance with Orientations to Different Iraqi Replicas of Folklores Civilizations, Traditions, and Customs: Tales' Genres are presented as Illustrations
Authors: Al-Jaf Ali , Alhamed Maitham 
Published: July 2022

Folklore has been associated with stories and sayings due to it being a social adhesive that makes people together and shares their customs, traditions, conventions, and civilizations. The aim of this study is to illustrate the importance and significance of Iraqi folklore in terms of its precious, valuable, and wealthy information, particularly in Iraqi Literature and folkloric resources and inheritances. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" (Arabic: علي بابا والأربعون لصا) is a folk tale from the One Thousand and One Nights. The undoubted masterpiece of ancient Iraq - and one of the great works of world literature - is the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. The Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh is a long narrative poem that examines the universal human search for meaning and longing for life. It was originally the work of an anonymous Babylonian poet who lived in Iraq more than 3,700 years ago. He composed the epic in the Akkadian language, but the literary traditions of Gilgamesh also inform five shorter narrative poems in the Sumerian language, and these are even older. The study uses a qualitative and descriptive style and approach to illustrate the salience of Iraqi heritage and folkloristic information.
Environmental Impact Assessment: Implications of Bridge Construction Venture in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MS , Sultana S , Sarker R , Kabir MH , Ahammed MS 
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed Kashil Bridge over the river Jhinai at Basail upazila of Tangail district in Bangladesh during January to September 2019. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a mandatory process to assess the environmental consequences of an existing or proposed project and to delineate any environmental management measures that must be integrated into the plan to ensure that the project is technically, economically, socially and environmentally acceptable. The EIA preparation led to the identification of potential environmental and social impacts due to proposed bridge pre-construction, construction and operation activities on the Jhinai River and feasible remedial measures as included in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). A field mobilization was conducted in project area to find out the environmental baseline (surface water, groundwater, soil, sediments, air, noise and ecology) information and identification of possible impacts. The focused group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire survey (QS) and key informants interview (KII) were conducted to collect relevant information. Secondary data were collected from Local Government Engineering Department, Upazila Agriculture Office, Upazila Fisheries Office, Department of Environment (DoE) and published relevant articles. Analyzing overall impacts, EIA study found that these possible negative impacts are considerable if some mitigation measures are applied. This new bridge will not only increase the communication facilities but also increase the economic flow together with other facilities. Finally, the EIA study suggested some defined EMP which will help to minimize the probable adverse impacts of the bridge construction site over the Jhinai River.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 13-18, 2020
Monitoring Long-Term Wheat Cultivation and Climatic Drivers for Land Use Change: A Case Study Using Remote Sensing at Thakurgaon Sadar in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiquee MSH , Miah MG , Abdullah HM , Afroz T 
Published: July 2022

The present study uses Remote Sensing techniques to monitor long-term wheat cultivation in Thakurgaon Sadar Upazila. Multi-spectral Landsat images from 1999 to 2019 at five years intervals were collected at the maximum growth stage of wheat. The images were processed by QGIS, ArcGIS, and R software with the random forest supervised classification. The findings revealed that images were classified and separated the crops successfully due to cloud-free images and pure pixels. The results show that the wheat area was decreased from 1999 (16349 ha) to 2019 (9161 ha). It was due to the transformation of the wheat area into other crop areas. The shrinkage rate of wheat areas was much higher (10.93 %) in 1999-09 than in 2009-19. It was due to a sudden decline in blast disease during 2005-09 and increased again. The shrinkage of the wheat area has been driven mainly by climate change influencing profitability. Prolonged hydrological drought introduced maize and potato in the wheat area. The benefit-cost ratio decreased gradually in wheat but increased in maize and potato. The study demonstrates that remote sensing is an effective method for wheat crop area monitoring. This study will help us understand the status of long-term wheat cultivation.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 25-37, 2020
Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes on Different Growth Stages of Rice
Authors: Hoque MN , Islam MZ , Ibna Sina ANM , Singh S , Budha TR 
Published: July 2022

Effect of red and blue light on seed germination and seedling growth were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice seeds were germinated in dark (control) and two types of light emitting-diodes (LED): red and green in the laboratory. The photoperiod of 6 h light and 18 h dark for LEDs treatment and 24h dark treatments with 24/18 ± 2 °C day/night temperature and 78± 2 % relative humidity were maintained in the growth room. Seed germination percentage under red light increased significantly when compared with the control; however, in blue light, germination percent decreased with little difference. First leaf length, first leaf blade length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight increased under red and blue lights in most of the varieties. Highest germination (98%), longest root (8.18 cm) and high seedling fresh weight (0.527 g) and seedling dry weight (0.061g) in BRRIdhan71 and longest leaf in BRRIdhan75, were recorded under red light. Highest germination (96%), seedling fresh weight (0.414g) and seedling dry weight (0.047g) in BRRIdhan71, longest first leaf (6.50 cm) in BRRIdhan75 and longest root (9.37 cm) in BRRIdhan87 were recorded under blue light. First leaf blade showed only positive correlation with root length (r = 0.489), whereas seedling fresh weight showed complete correlation with seedling dry weight (r =1). Response index was positive in root length, seedling fresh and dry weight under red light. First leaf blade length, seedling fresh and dry weight had the positive response index under blue light. Within the visible spectrum, varying wave lengths of red and blue light alone altered the growth and morphology of rice seedlings, and variable reactions to illumination depended on the rice varieties, necessitating further research.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 56-62, 2020
Effect of Red, Blue, Green LEDs on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice
Authors: Hoque MN , Islam MZ , Rahman M , Biswas B , Mahmud N 
Published: July 2022

The present investigations attempted to study the effects of red, blue and green LEDs effect on seed germination, first leaf length, first leaf blade length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight. Seeds of five rice varieties were germinated and seedlings were grown under dark and red, blue, green LEDs lighting system (6 h photoperiod and 18 h dark) set at 20 to 24± 2 °C for day and night respectively and 70 ± 2 % relative humidity in a control chamber for 14 days (starting 3 days after plated for germination). The result showed that germination percent increased significantly in BRRIdhan52 and BRRIdhan75 under red-blue-green LEDs than dark. First leaf length increased in dark than LEDs treatment. Longest leaf (10.42 cm) was recorded in BRRIdhan86 in dark and under LEDs in BRRIdhan75 (5.70 cm). First leaf blade length was highest in BRRIdhan52 (2.56 cm) under LEDs treatment and in dark BRRIdhan67 had the longest (2.48 cm). Root length was also increased significantly in studied rice varieties. Though, longest root was found in dark in BRRIdhan71 (6.69 cm) and under LEDs, BRRIdhan71 had the longest root (6.35 cm). Seedling fresh and dry weight were highest under red-blue-dark LEDs treatment. BRRIdhan86 had the highest and BRRIdhan67 had the lowest seedling fresh and dry weight with a range of 0.323g to 0.451g and 0.037g to 0.052g respectively than dark condition. Root length showed positive significant correlation with seedling fresh weight (r = 0.876) and seedling dry weight (r = 0.873). Whereas seedling fresh weight showed complete correlation (r = 1) with seedling dry weight. Response index was negative for first leaf length in the studied rice varieties. Highest response index (35.93) was observed for seedling fresh and dry weight in BRRIdhan75 and BRRIdhan86.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 63-69, 2020
Status of the Fishermen Living at the Tangon River Bank- A Case Study from the North-west of Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema K , Nur M 
Published: July 2022

This study intended to provide information on the fishermen engaged in fishing in the Tangon River, Thakurgaon. To assess their existing status, some essential socio-economic information e.g. literacy, religion, health hazards, sanitation and medical facilities, family structure, income level, types of fishermen, fishing, and constraints were taken into account. Results indicated that the majority of the fishermen (77%) belonged to the age class >35-50 years and were dominated by Muslims (89%). Three educational categories were recorded where illiteracy was main (52%), 24% had a primary level of education, and 24% could only sign. This survey revealed that the fishermen near Tangon River are leading measurable life due to great financial hardship. Therefore, proper conservation and management measures must be taken to enhance the fisheries biodiversity in the river so that the fishermen can harvest sufficient fish on a sustainable basis. The government, as well as non-government organizations (NGOs), should take appropriate initiatives to enhance their living standard and to improve such techniques/alternatives that can benefit the underprivileged fishermen to hold present fishing profession in the Tangon River.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 70-75, 2020
Assessment of Water Quality Parameters of The Kohelia River at Cox’s Bazar of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahammed MS , Murtuza HI , Rahman AA , Islam MS , Saiem R 
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted to explore the physicochemical parameters of surface water from the construction work involving the bridge over the river Kohelia and road along the bank of Kohelia for the construction of access road for Matarbari Coal Fired Power Plant is under construction area of Bangladesh starting from September 2020 to September 2021. The surface water samples were collected from three sampling stations in the Kohelia for the construction of access road for Matarbari. The result of the study showed that pH, Temperature (T), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) were ranged from 6.6 to 8.2, 24.8 to 31.6ºC, 4.3 to 6.1 mg/L, 4.0 to 15.0 mg/L, 7.4 to 117.0 NTU, 24.3 to 725.0 μS/cm, 200.0 to 2721.0 mg/L, 23.6 to 644.0 N/100 ML and 11.0 to 312.0 N/100 ML respectively. Some parameters showed no significant change with the time period. This might happen due to periodic changes per day or month due to tidal effects as the study area of Kohelia River is very close estuary of the Bay of Bengal. Except pH and Temperature (T), all others physicochemical parameters were across the acceptable range of standard limits. The Comparative study showed Total and Fecal coliform is higher than the Standard might be happen due to piling slurry, concrete debris, wastewater, unhygienic sanitary waste, soil & silt dumping, surface runoff, oil and grease littering, solid waste created by workers, encroachment etc.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 76-81, 2020
Proximate, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Amla Powder and Amla Candy
Authors: Parvez MS , Jashin N , Yesmin MT , Reza MSA , Akter N 
Published: July 2022

Amla is sour and astringent taste fruit, making the fruit less palatable to eat directly as fresh fruit; hence it can be consumed in processed form. Preparing powder and candy from amla fruit can increase its acceptability, the market value of it and be utilized to develop new value-added products. Considering this, the present study was designed to evaluate the nutritional compositions, vitamin C content, beta-carotene content, and antioxidant activity of fresh amla and two amla products such as amla powder and amla candy. Between the two products, amla powder contained a significantly (P < 0.05) high amount of dietary fiber (17.67%), protein (4.98%), and ash (9.82%) contents than fresh amla and amla candy. Between two products, vitamin C (298.3 mg/100gm) and beta-carotene (113.55 mg/100gm) contents were significantly (P < 0.05) high in amla powder. But amla candy showed high antioxidant activity (77.75%) than amla powder (59.2%). Results of this study suggested that amla and amla products are a good source of nutrients like vitamin C and different bioactive components. Amla can be utilized in diets as candy and dehydrated powder or flour which is easily included in food formulations due to its excellent nutritional qualities. Optimization of its use is beneficial in terms of nutritional and economical points of view.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 82-86, 2020
Perception on environmental concern of pesticide use in relation to Framers’ knowledge
Authors: Alam F , Saha NR , Islam MS , Ahmed MS , Haque MS 
Published: July 2022

Chemical pesticides are indiscriminately used for pest management and vector control. However, many farming communities are unaware of the dangers associated with the chemicals. This study assessed vegetable farmers' perception of the environmental impact of pesticide use in Bangladesh concerning the farmers’ knowledge and type. The farmers' socioeconomic characteristics and their relationship to some of the study variables, their attitude towards pesticides' environmental consequences, and their level of pesticide related knowledge were investigated. In this study, 882 farmers from nine districts participated through in-depth interviews and observations on-farm. The majority of farmers were males aged between 30 and 40 (32.44% in winter and 32.87% in summer). Moreover, 29.77% of the winter vegetable growers can sign their name only, but for the summer season’s 31.02% were educated up to high school. For the winter season, the highest 74.44% of respondents belonged to focal farmers who believed pesticides could be hazardous to their health. Only 1.68% of control farmers agreed pesticide use could lead to secondary pest resurgence. For the summer season, farmers were most concerned (60.19%) about the health risks to farm-workers, while secondary pest resurgence was the least concerned. In general, the focal farmers had a high level of knowledge and concern about pesticide hazards compared to the proximal and control farmers. Comprehensive intervention measures are required to mitigate pesticide-related health and environmental risks, including pesticide safety training programs for farmers, which could promote sustainable agricultural development while minimizing the environmental and health risks of pesticide misuse.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 94-99, 2020
Efektivitas Pelaporan Pajak Di Indonesia
Authors: Hadistiyah Aulia Al Qori , Putra Rio Johan 
Published: July 2022

The current development strategy should be more directed at an independent Indonesian economy. This independence also includes independence in financing development. By doing this research, it is expected to be able to measure a country's success in optimizing tax funds' distribution fairly and equitably and to find out how much influence these variables have on taxpayers' perceptions of the ethics of tax avoidance. The urgency of this study is to examine the effect of tax amnesty, the self-assessment system, and the use of ESPT in tax reporting moderated by tax law enforcement on tax avoidance behavior. The method used is descriptive quantitative, the data analysis technique used in this research is a descriptive statistical test, classical assumption test, multiple regression test, and hypothesis testing. Judging from the statistical results of the T-test, it can be concluded that Tax amnesty and Self Assessment didn’t affect tax avoidance. However, ESPT and Law are proven to have a significant effect on tax avoidance. With the use of ESPT in tax reporting as well as law enforcement actually resulted in the occurrence of tax avoidance. This is indicated by taxpayers feeling they have a choice whether to report their taxes or not. And as for the applicable laws, not all of them are applied and there are gaps in their implementation so as to provide opportunities for taxpayers to carry out tax avoidance.
Changes in the Axial Length of the Eye and Refraction in Children with Progressive Myopia while Wearing Defocused Contact Lenses
Authors: Novolodsky A. I. , Pecheneva A. V. , Ozornina Ya. V. 
Published: July 2022

Progressive myopia remains one of the urgent problems in modern ophthalmology. Optical methods for controlling progressive myopia suggest the formation of peripheral myopic defocus, which has a stabilizing effect on the axial length of the eye and, as a result, the degree of myopia. One option for optical control of myopia is defocus soft contact lenses.Purpose: to evaluate the growth of axial length and changes in the spherical equivalent of clinical refraction in users of defocus (bifocal) contact lenses and monofocal glasses expressed in diopters, against the background of the correction of progressive myopia with defocus (bifocal) contact lenses and monofocal glasses.Materials and methods. The study involved 256 patients with bilateral mild to moderate and high myopia in the range from (–)0.5 to (–) 7.75 D in spherical equivalent and an annual progression gradient from 0.65 to 1.5 D in the age categories 7–10, 11–14, 15–18 years old. Depending on the degree of myopia and the method of correction, the patients were divided into main and control groups. For correction in the main groups, defocused (with an addition of +4.0 D) soft contact lenses (SCLs) were used. In the control groups monofocal glasses were used. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination. Clinical refraction data and axial length of the eye were used as criteria for evaluating the results. The follow-up period was 3, 6, 12 months.Results. After 12 months of wearing bifocal soft contact lenses, there was a statistically significant slowdown in the growth of the axial length and the spherical equivalent of refraction Higher rates of progression of myopia were in young children (7–10 years). Myopia at the age of 15–18 years is characterized by a decrease in the rate of progression with any type of optical correction and in most cases does not require the appointment of correction with the formation of peripheral myopic defocus.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the use of bifocal SCLs in the control of progressive mild, moderate and high myopia. The main stabilization factor is the formation of peripheral myopic defocus on the retina, followed by a slowdown in the growth of the axial length of the eye and the degree of myopia (spherical equivalent of clinical refraction).
Olanzapine Promotes the Occurrence of Metabolic Disorders in Conditional TCF7L2-Knockout Mice
Authors: Yang Ye , Shen Manjun , Li Li , Long Yujun , Wang Lu , Lang Bing , Wu Renrong 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients display higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and comorbidity of type II diabetes. Both atypical antipsychotics and genetic variants are believed to predispose the patients with the risk, but their interplay remains largely unknown. TCF7L2 is one of the most common genes strongly associated with glucose homeostasis which also participates in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory roles of TCF7L2 in atypical antipsychotics-induced MetS.Methods: Mice with pancreatic β-cell–specific Tcf7l2 deletion (CKO) were generated. The CKO mice and control littermates were subjected to olanzapine (4 mg/kg/day) or saline gavage for 6 weeks. Metabolic indices, β cell mass, and the expressing levels of TCF7L2 and GLP-1R in the pancreatic tissue were closely monitored.Results: Tcf7l2 CKO mice displayed a spectrum of core features of MetS, which included remarkably increased rate of weight gain, higher fasting insulin, higher values of blood lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein), impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertrophy of adipocytes. Notably, these effects could be further exacerbated by olanzapine. In addition, Tcf7l2 CKO mice with the olanzapine group showed significantly decreased expressions of GLP-1R protein and a trend of reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. RT-qPCR revealed that the CKO mice presented a significantly less transcription of Sp5, an important element of the Wnt signaling pathway.Conclusion: Our study illustrates that mice with pancreatic β-cell–targeted Tcf7l2 deletion were more vulnerable to suffer metabolic abnormalities after olanzapine administration. This impairment may be mediated by the reduced expression of GLP-1R.
Comparison of Hematological Parameters Between First-Episode Schizophrenia and Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Authors: Huang Kai , Tang Yamei , Chen Zhiheng , Ding Shan , Zeng Hongtao , Zhao Yuxu , Yu Qi , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2022

Background: First-episode schizophrenia (FES) and anti-NMDAR encephalitis are different disorders with similar psychiatric symptoms, and both diseases are associated with the inflammatory system. In this study, we compared hematological parameters and inflammation ratios in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, FES, and healthy control.Methods: We enrolled 106 patients (53 FES patients and 53 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients) and 59 healthy controls. The values of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were used to evaluate inflammation. Other parameters such as the white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), and serum albumin counts were also used to compare inflammation ratios between these two diseases.Results: SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, and serum albumin levels were statistically significantly different between these three groups (p &lt; 0.05). The values of SII, NLR, PLR, and MLR were significantly higher in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis group than those in the FES group (p &lt; 0.05), and the values in both diseases were more increased than those in HC (p &lt; 0.05). The serum albumin level was significantly lower in anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in FES (p &lt; 0.05). WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts showed significantly higher levels in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis group and FES group separately (p &lt; 0.05). Other parameters like TBA, TBIL, and UA showed no difference between groups.Conclusion: In summary, this is a relatively new study that is innovative by comparing some inflammation markers of peripheral blood in two diseases with clinically psychotic symptoms. These two diseases are related to the inflammatory system, proving that NMDAR dysfunction is related to psychotic symptoms. Besides, NLR, PLR, MLR, and serum albumin can be used as biomarkers to distinguish the two diseases. The serum albumin level in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis was lower than that in patients with schizophrenia.