bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on research ethics in a public health emergency: Experiences of Brazilian women affected by Zika
Authors: Ambrogi Ilana , Brito Luciana , Rego Sergio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Brazil, the epicenter of the Zika crisis, brown, black, and indigenous poor women living in municipalities with scarce resources were disproportionally affected. The gendered consequences of the epidemic exposed how intersectional lenses are central to understand the impact of public health emergencies in the lives of women and girls. The demand for Zika‐affected children and women to be research participants is relevant for an ethical analysis of participant protection procedures during a crisis. We investigated how women experienced research participation by analyzing their narratives. Two‐year‐long longitudinal qualitative study in Brazilian sites located in the epidemic's epicenter was performed using mixed methods: ethnography with women from two distinct states and individual semi‐structured interviews with five women in different Zika‐affected states, four of which were community leaders. All women in the study were mothers or grandmothers of Zika‐affected children. Thematic analysis was used for data evaluation. Women perceived being pressured to participate in research and a lack of benefit sharing. Structural determinants of gender inequality, such as its effect on power distribution, were found to impact research participant protection. Formal procedures for research protocols approvals were insufficient in protecting participants because these instruments were unable to account for structural aspects. Communitarian mobilization, through WhatsApp groups, was found to be an important mechanism to create conditions to challenge oppressive structures. Strengthening public health, effective community‐based participation in research planning and implantation of ethical strategies that promotes gender equality can have transformative effect on unequal power structures and promote participant protection.
Numbers matter: Predatory ability increases with forager group size in omnivorous ant species with similar predatory traits
Authors: Elizalde Luciana , Lescano M. Natalia , Werenkraut Victoria , Pirk Gabriela I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPredation is an important force structuring ecological communities. However, it is still controversial whether larger predator groups are more efficient at exploiting abundant resources. Here, we explored the association between the number of foragers and predation ability in generalist ant species that differ in forager numbers when exploiting resources.We conducted a field experiment by increasing caterpillar density around nests of two abundantDorymyrmexant species in the semiarid Patagonian steppe, whereD. tenerallocates a higher number of foragers to resource exploitation thanD. antarcticus.We (1) compared the association between predation effectiveness (success to complete a task) and efficiency (speed of task performance and economy of foragers) with the number of foragers involved between species, and (2) studied how they responded numerically to increasing prey densities, by sequentially adding 3, 6 and 12 larvae in the same foraging arena. Finally, (3) we compared behavioural and morphological traits related to predation between these ant species.AlthoughD. tenerdiscovered a similar number of arenas with larvae thanD. antarcticus, it was more effective as it recruited more and removed more larvae. This species was also more efficient thanD. antarcticusin all predation subtasks, and the time used to remove one larva depended on prey density, being faster for the high‐larvae density.Besides the number of foragers, ant species did not differ in other behavioural traits, andD. tener's foragers were slightly larger than those ofD. antarcticus.This study illustrates how, in social predators, the predator group size and individual behavioural characteristics may act in conjunction, with relevant consequences at ecological, evolutionary, and applied levels, including potential implications for pest control.
High‐level nitrogen additions accelerate soil respiration reduction over time in a boreal forest
Authors: Xing Aijun , Du Enzai , Shen Haihua , Xu Longchao , Zhao Mengying , Liu Xiuyuan , Fang Jingyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreased nitrogen (N) inputs are widely recognised to reduce soil respiration (Rs), but how N deposition affects the temporal dynamics of Rs remains unclear. Using a decade‐long fertilisation experiment in a boreal larch forest (Larix gmelini) in northeast China, we found that the effects of N additions on Rs showed a temporal shift from a positive effect in the short‐term (increased by 8% on average in the first year) to a negative effect over the longer term (decreased by 21% on average in the 11th year). The rates of decrease in Rs for the higher N levels were almost twice as high as those of the low N level. Our results suggest that the reduction in Rs in response to increased N input is accelerated by high‐level N additions, and experimental high N applications are likely to overestimate the contribution of N deposition to soil carbon sequestration in a boreal forest.
Twitter investor sentiment and corporate earnings announcements
Authors: Karampatsas Nikolaos , Malekpour Soheila , Mason Andrew , Mavis Christos P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examine the impact of firm‐specific investor sentiment (FSIS) on stock returns for negative and positive earnings surprises. Using a measure constructed from firm‐specific tweets, we find that FSIS has a greater impact on stock returns for negative relative to positive earnings surprises. We further show that the impact of FSIS is greater for firms whose valuation is uncertain and difficult to arbitrage. Moreover, we provide evidence of return reversals over post‐announcement periods. Our results highlight the importance of FSIS around earnings announcements.
Digital affordances and remote public audit practice
Authors: Aquino André Carlos Busanelli de , Lino André Feliciano , Azevedo Ricardo Rocha de , Silva Polyana Batista da 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs public sector organizations are undergoing a digital transformation, public auditing is increasingly relying on technology to enable it to collect and analyze large amounts of data. We analyze how the introduction and development of digital artifacts in a governmental audit setting end up affording audit practices. Focusing on the introduction of computer‐assisted audit tools and techniques (CAATTs) developed by Courts of Accounts in Brazil, our findings indicate that the digital infrastructure maintained by each Court in Brazil is the material center of a dominant frame of remote compliance audit practice. Besides CAATTs’ interface, scripts and algorithms in the infrastructure's backstage also add to the affordance of the digital devices used by auditors—that is, auditors’ action possibilities molded by technology. Through interviews with governmental auditors, we provide evidence on how CAATTs afford their practices while showing that auditors are not fully aware of how their skepticism and autonomy are being affected by the introduction of such devices and by the reinforcement of remote audit practice.
Immunomodulatory effect of N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐proline and vasoactive intestinal peptide on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathophysiology
Authors: Cai Jian , Chen Qianyi , Mehrabi Nasab Entezar , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an inflammatory respiratory system disease is caused by exposure to cigarette smoke and tobacco in long‐term. Some anti‐inflammatory peptides can control inflammation in COPD. N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐proline (Ac‐SDKP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as peptide have anti‐inflammatory effect, and, in this study, the effect of Ac‐SDKP and VIP on COPD inflammation was studied.After producing cigarette smoke‐induced COPD mice model, which were treated with VIP and Ac‐SDKP, the levels of antioxidant‐related factors (malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), fibrotic factors (hydroxyproline (HP) and TGF‐β), pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6), and inflammation in histopathological examination were studied.MDA, Remodeling factors, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation in lung tissue were controlled by VIP and Ac‐SDKP treatment. These treatments could enhance SOD.VIP and Ac‐SDKP as immuno‐regulatory factors had benefit effect in treatment of COPD. The anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐oxidant properties of VIP and Ac‐SDKP may be effective therapy in COPD.
Modeling of fatigue failure mode in U‐rib to deck joints in orthotropic bridge structures
Authors: Yang Haibo , Wang Ping , Qian Hongliang , Dong Pingsha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVarious fatigue failure modes (i.e., cracking position and orientation with respect to a weld) can develop in welded rib to deck connections in orthotropic bridge deck structures. After demonstrating its effectiveness in correlating fatigue test data covering different failure modes, the master S‐N curve method was then adopted in this study for determining the critical failure mode in welded U‐rib to deck connections. These include considerations of additional failure modes potentially present in double‐sided welds between U‐rib and deck versus the traditional single‐sided weld design. The effects of weld penetrations and test loading conditions on failure mode development have been quantitatively established by means of the master S‐N curve method.
Shear‐induced amorphization in boron subphosphide (B12P2): Direct transition versus stacking fault mediation
Authors: Li Jun , An Qi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe shear‐induced amorphization has been observed in many strong ceramics and is responsible for their cracking and fragmentation. But its underlying mechanism remains elusive due to the complex structure and bonding environment in strong ceramics. To illustrate the deformation mechanism of local amorphization in strong ceramics, we employed molecular dynamics simulations with a deep‐learning force field to examine the shear‐induced amorphization in B12P2. Surprisingly, we identified a stacking‐fault‐mediated amorphization mechanism along the most plausible slip system (1 1 1)/[1 1 ]. This mechanism is even more favorable at a higher temperature than room temperature. In contrast, the direct crystal to amorphization transition, due to the icosahedral slip, is observed for the other most plausible slip system (0 1 1)/[2 ]. We report the activation volume and the activation free energy for the amorphization along the (1 1 1)/[1 1 ] slip system. The derived activation volume is only 41.47 A3, which is roughly 2–3 icosahedra, suggesting that the localized amorphization in B12P2 is mediated by stacking fault formation. The previous results suggest complex amorphization mechanisms in strong ceramics.
Cold plasma for microbial safety: Principle, mechanism, and factors responsible
Authors: Punia Bangar Sneh , Suri Shweta , Nayi Pratik , Phimolsiripol Yuthana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElimination of microbiological contamination of food products is predominant for consumer food safety. Cold plasma (CP) technology has evolved as a unique, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly solution to microbial decontamination that is gaining popularity due to its great efficacy in ensuring food safety. As increasing the demand of food industries to produce and supply the safe food with minimal processing. Cold plasma application is being used to sanitize the food surface to be used for different food industry sectors for microbial inactivation. The rapid microbial inactivation obtained by cold plasma has sparked a surge in interest in the field. The current review will give a critical snapshot of the potential application of cold plasma in microbial safety, including food safety, quality, and enzyme inactivation. The rapid microbiological inactivation achieved with cold plasma has led to an interest in this subject. Further, factors affecting, that is, food composition, PH, water activity, and microorganism type for microbial inactivation by cold plasma, are summarized and discussed. There is an increasing demand for food industries to produce and supply safe food with minimal processing. Cold plasma has the potential to sanitize the food surface to be used in different food industry sectors for microbial inactivation.Novelty impact statementThis review discussed the principle, equipment, and process mechanism of cold plasma. The mechanism of microbial inactivation by cold plasma was summarized. Also, the effect of cold plasma on factors including food composition, pH, water activity, microorganism type, and enzyme inactivation was explored.
Stigma, identity and support in social relationships of transgender people throughout transition: A qualitative analysis of multiple perspectives
Authors: Lewis Tom O.G. , Barreto Manuela , Doyle David Matthew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSupportive social relationships are vital for health and well‐being as they serve to ameliorate stress and therefore reduce the likelihood of suffering from disease across the life course. This social support could be more essential for transgender people, who experience unique social stress due to their marginalized status. The current study compared and contrasted the experiential accounts of transgender people, their relational partners and gender service providers using a thematic phenomenological methodology across a series of focus groups and interviews. In total, there were 17 participants across three focus groups (eight transgender people, six relational partners, and three service providers) and nine participants in the interviews (three transgender people, three relational partners and three service providers). Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Coming out and identity management, (2) Reciprocal support in relationships, (3) Social transition and gender identity affirmation, (4) Experiences in the LGBTQ+ community. Issues of stigma, identity, and support were present throughout all the themes. Receiving gender identity affirmation from supportive relational partners was essential for transgender people, while external support was highlighted as something relational partners needed (but did not often seek). This research has implications for understanding how transgender people and their relational partners support one another when facing stress and stigma.
Assignment maximization
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Oğuz , Bó Inácio , Turhan Bertan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the goal of maximizing the number of individuals matched to acceptable outcomes. We present two mechanisms that maximize assignments. The first is Pareto efficient and undominated—in terms of the number of assignments—in equilibrium. The second is fair for unassigned agents and assigns weakly more agents than any stable mechanism in equilibrium.
Transcriptomic analysis of preovipositional embryonic arrest in a nonsquamate reptile (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Gárriz Angela , Williamson Sean A. , Shah Anup D. , Evans Roger G. , Deveson Lucas Deanna S. , Powell David R. , Walton Sarah L. , Marques Francine Z. , Reina Richard D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter gastrulation, oviductal hypoxia maintains turtle embryos in an arrested state prior to oviposition. Subsequent exposure to atmospheric oxygen upon oviposition initiates recommencement of embryonic development. Arrest can be artificially extended for several days after oviposition by incubation of the egg under hypoxic conditions, with development recommencing in an apparently normal fashion after subsequent exposure to normoxia. To examine the transcriptomic events associated with embryonic arrest in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), RNA‐sequencing analysis was performed on embryos from freshly laid eggs and eggs incubated in either normoxia (oxygen tension ~159 mmHg) or hypoxia (<8 mmHg) for 36 h after oviposition (n = 5 per group). The patterns of gene expression differed markedly among the three experimental groups. Normal embryonic development in normoxia was associated with upregulation of genes involved in DNA replication, the cell cycle, and mitosis, but these genes were commonly downregulated after incubation in hypoxia. Many target genes of hypoxia inducible factors, including the gene encoding insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (igfbp1), were downregulated by normoxic incubation but upregulated by incubation in hypoxia. Notably, some of the transcriptomic effects of hypoxia in green turtle embryos resembled those reported to be associated with hypoxia‐induced embryonic arrest in diverse taxa, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Hypoxia‐induced preovipositional embryonic arrest appears to be a unique adaptation of turtles. However, our findings accord with the proposition that the mechanisms underlying hypoxia‐induced embryonic arrest per se are highly conserved across diverse taxa.
Interactions between vector competence to chikungunya virus and resistance to deltamethrin in Aedes aegypti laboratory lines?
Authors: Wang Lanjiao , Fontaine Albin , Gaborit Pascal , Guidez Amandine , Issaly Jean , Girod Romain , Kazanji Mirdad , Rousset Dominique , Vignuzzi Marco , Epelboin Yanouk , Dusfour Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe urban mosquito species Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviruses worldwide. Mosquito control with insecticides is the most prevalent method for preventing transmission in the absence of effective vaccines and available treatments; however, the extensive use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance in mosquito populations throughout the world, and the number of epidemics caused by arboviruses has increased. Three mosquito lines with different resistance profiles to deltamethrin were isolated in French Guiana, including one with the I1016 knock‐down resistant allele. Significant differences were observed in the cumulative proportion of mosquitoes with a disseminated chikungunya virus infection over time across these lines. In addition, some genes related to resistance (CYP6BB2, CYP6N12, GST2, trypsin) were variably overexpressed in the midgut at 7 days after an infectious bloodmeal in these three lines. Our work shows that vector competence for chikungunya virus varied between Ae. aegypti laboratory lines with different deltamethrin resistance profiles. More accurate verification of the functional association between insecticide resistance and vector competence remains to be demonstrated.
A case report: Anesthetic management for open‐heart surgery in a child with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
Authors: Jiang Jialong , Wang Xuefeng , Hu Jicheng , Wang Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCongenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare disease also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. CIPA is characterized by a lack of pain sensitivity and impaired development of sweat glands. Surgery is required for patients with self‐mutilation and skeletal developmental disorders. Due to the disease's rarity and intricacy, anesthesia poses its challenges. Although there have been a few cases of CIPA patients receiving surgery and anesthesia, the number is very limited. Here, we report a case of a child with CIPA who underwent open‐heart surgery and discuss the anesthetic considerations. We conclude that patients with CIPA undergoing open‐heart surgery require some opioids, that muscle relaxants and volatile anesthetics should be used with extreme caution, and that airway management and temperature control require special attention.
Spatiotemporal dynamics in a twisted, circular waveguide array
Authors: Parker Ross , Shen Yannan , Aceves Alejandro , Zweck John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the existence and spectral stability of nonlinear discrete localized solutions representing light pulses propagating in a twisted multicore optical fiber. By considering an even number, N, of waveguides, we derive asymptotic expressions for solutions in which the bulk of the light intensity is concentrated as soliton‐like pulses confined to a single waveguide. The leading order terms obtained are in very good agreement with results of numerical computations. Furthermore, as in the model without temporal dispersion, when the twist parameter, ϕ, is given by , these standing waves exhibit optical suppression, in which a single waveguide remains unexcited, to leading order. Spectral computations and numerical evolution experiments suggest that these standing wave solutions are stable for values of the coupling parameter less than a critical value, at which point a spectral instability results from the collision of an internal eigenvalue with the eigenvalues at the origin. This critical value has a maximum when .
Hansenapp: Development of a mobile application to assist primary healthcare providers to control leprosy
Authors: Matos Daniella Pontes , Torres Mateus Dantas , da Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues , dos Santos Carlos Alberto Andrade Serra , de Oliveira Francisca Jacinta Feitoza , de Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura , de Oliveira Serra Maria Aparecida Alves 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development and validation of a mobile application to assist health professionals in the management of patients with leprosy and surveillance of contacts in primary healthcare.MethodA methodological and developmental study was conducted in three phases: integrative literature review, mobile application development and application validation by health professionals. The construction of the application was supported by the literature review, Nielsen's heuristics and expert validation. Five experts individually analysed the prototype draft and performed two rounds of iterations to refine their recommendations. The validation step was performed by consulting health professionals working in primary healthcare, who evaluated the application for relevance, clarity and usability using a questionnaire based on task–technology fit theory.ResultsThe mobile app's content, navigation methods and interaction were refined based on the discussions with experts. Their recommendations were applied, and the mobile app was revised until the final version was approved. Content validity indexes of 0.94 (p = 0.007), 0.99 (p > 0.0001) and 0.93 (p = 0.01) were obtained.ConclusionThe developed application is a technological tool that could assist primary healthcare providers in dealing with leprosy patients and their contacts in terms of management, planning, monitoring, evaluation, treatment and follow‐up, in addition to leprosy control actions.