bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of straw mulching combined with nitrogen application on soil organic matter content and atrazine digestion
Authors: Zhang Wan-feng , Yang Shu-qing , Chang An , Jia Li-ge , E Ji-fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo explore the response of atrazine (AT) degradation rate, soil organic matter (SOM) distribution and the relationship between them to straw mulching and nitrogen application, field experiments were conducted to study the distribution of SOM content and AT degradation rate under different straw returning modes combined with nitrogen fertilization in 2 years in Hetao Irrigation District. No (N0), low (NL), medium (NM), and high (NH) levels of N fertilization were incorporated into the soil combined with the surface coverage straw (Treatment BN0, BNL, BNM, BNH, respectively) and the deeply buried straw (Treatment SN0, SNL, SNM, SNH, respectively). The traditional cultivation was used as a control treatment (Treatment CK). The results showed that SOM content of Treatment B was accumulated in 0~20 cm soil layer. The largest SOM content of Treatments B in 0~20 cm soil layer was found in BNH treatment, with an average increase of 14.2% and 24.1% significantly when compared with those in CK and SNH (P < 0.05), respectively. The SOM content of Treatments B increased with the increase of nitrogen application and decreased with the deepening of soil depth. The SOM content of Treatment S was accumulated in the soil layer (20~40 cm and 40~60 cm) near the inter-layer. With the increase of nitrogen application and depth of soil layer, the SOM content increased firstly and then decreased. SNM had the largest SOM content in the soil layer of 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm, with an average increase of 82.6% and 67.7% when compared with Treatment CK (P < 0.05). In the soil layer over 60 cm, there was no significant difference in SOM content of different straw returning methods under the same nitrogen level (P > 0.05). Straw returning methods and nitrogen application level significantly affected AT digestion rate and digestion half-life, with significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05). It found that treatment SNM had the highest digestion rate and the shortest half-life of AT. Compared with Treatment CK, the digestion rate of Treatment SNM was increased by 5.3% on average, and the half-life was shortened by 3.9 days on average. Single regression and stepwise regression analysis of the half-life of AT degradation and SOM content in different soil layers (0~20 cm and 20~40 cm) showed that the degradation of AT was greatly affected by SOM content of 20~40 cm soil layer. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the effect of straw deep burial combined with medium nitrogen application rate (Treatment SNM) was best, which could achieve the goal of increasing SOM content and shortening the half-life of AT digestion. The research provided a technical support for straw resource utilization, alleviated AT pollution and improved farmland ecological environment in Hetao Irrigated District.
Data mining-based discriminant analysis as a tool for the study of egg quality in native hen breeds
Authors: González Ariza Antonio , Arando Arbulu Ander , Navas González Francisco Javier , León Jurado José Manuel , Delgado Bermejo Juan Vicente , Camacho Vallejo María Esperanza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the wide biodiversity of avian species of zootechnical interest in Spain, projects aimed at characterizing these genotypes and their products are necessary. External and internal egg quality traits were measured in 819 eggs laid by hens of 10 different genotypes: White, Franciscan, Black and Partridge varieties of Utrerana, Blue Andalusian, Spanish White-Faced, Andalusian Tufted White and Black varieties, Araucana; and Leghorn Lohmann LSL-Classic lineage (commercial hybrid line) hen breeds. After multicollinearity analysis of egg quality-related traits was performed (VIF ≤ 4), major diameter, minor diameter, egg weight, and albumen height were deemed redundant explanatory variables and discarded. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis was developed to cluster eggs across hen genotypes considering egg quality attributes. Shell a* and b* variables reported the highest discriminant power (Wilks’ lambda: 0.699 and 0.729, respectively). The first two discriminant functions captured 60.48% of the variance across groups (F1: 39.36%; F2: 21.12%). Clear quality differentiation signs are evidenced for Mediterranean native breeds’ eggs when compared to Leghorn’s eggs. Consequently, this evidence of egg quality differentiation may favor the standardization of breed- and variety-linked distinctive products, which may open new market opportunities based on the existence of a wide spectrum of diet or culinary applications.
Effects of salinization on the occurrence of a long-lived vertebrate in a desert river
Authors: Mahan Laramie B. , Bassett Lawrence G. , Duarte Adam , Forstner Michael R. J. , Mali Ivana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lower Pecos River located in the southwest USA, is a naturally saline river system that has been significantly altered in relatively recent years. Climate change, coupled with anthropogenic disturbances such as dam construction have led to portions of the river becoming more susceptible to increased salinization and declines in water quality. These alterations have been documented to be detrimental to multiple freshwater communities; however, there is a lack of knowledge on how these alterations influence long-lived species in the river, such as freshwater turtles, where the effects can appear over dramatically different temporal scales. The Rio Grande Cooter (Pseudemys gorzugi) is a species of concern known to occur in the Pecos River. To understand the current distribution and habitat requirements forP. gorzugiin the Pecos River, we used a single-season, single-species occupancy modeling framework to estimate occurrence while accounting for the sampling process. Day of year, water surface area, and water visibility had the greatest influence on the ability to detect the species given a sampling unit is occupied. Conductivity (a measure of salinity) had the greatest influence on the occupancy probability for the species, where sites with higher conductivity coincided with lower occupancy probabilities. This study indicates that increased salinization on the lower Pecos River is a cause for concern regarding freshwater turtle populations within the Chihuahuan Desert.
Navigation accuracy and assessability of carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK instrumentation with multimodal intraoperative imaging in spinal oncology
Authors: Hubertus Vanessa , Wessels Lars , Früh Anton , Tkatschenko Dimitri , Nulis Irini , Bohner Georg , Prinz Vincent , Onken Julia , Czabanka Marcus , Vajkoczy Peter , Hecht Nils 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRadiolucent carbon-fiber reinforced PEEK (CFRP) implants have helped improve oncological follow-up and radiation therapy. Here, we investigated the performance of 3D intraoperative imaging and navigation systems for instrumentation and precision assessment of CFRP pedicle screws across the thoraco-lumbar spine. Thirty-three patients with spinal tumors underwent navigated CFRP instrumentation with intraoperative CT (iCT), robotic cone-beam CT (rCBCT) or cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. Two different navigation systems were used for iCT-/rCBCT- and CBCT-based navigation. Demographic, clinical and outcome data was assessed. Four blinded observers rated image quality, assessability and accuracy of CFRP pedicle screws. Inter-observer reliability was determined with Fleiss` Kappa analysis. Between 2018 and 2021, 243 CFRP screws were implanted (iCT:93, rCBCT: 99, CBCT: 51), of which 13 were non-assessable (iCT: 1, rCBCT: 9, CBCT: 3; *p = 0.0475; iCT vs. rCBCT). Navigation accuracy was highest using iCT (74%), followed by rCBCT (69%) and CBCT (49%) (*p = 0.0064; iCT vs. CBCT and rCBCT vs. CBCT). All observers rated iCT image quality higher than rCBCT/CBCT image quality (*p < 0.01) but relevant pedicle breaches were reliably identified with substantial agreement between all observers regardless of the imaging modality. Navigation accuracy for CFRP pedicle screws was considerably lower than expected from reports on titanium implants and CT may be best for reliable assessment of CFRP materials.
Nanocavity-induced trion emission from atomically thin WSe2
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Liu Yuanda , Chen Dao , Wang Zixuan , Asbahi Mohamed , Rezaei Soroosh Daqiqeh , Deng Jie , Teng Jinghua , Wee Andrew T. S. , Zhang Wenjing , Yang Joel K. W. , Dong Zhaogang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExciton is a bosonic quasiparticle consisting of a pair of electron and hole, with promising potentials for optoelectronic device applications, such as exciton transistors, photodetectors and light emitting devices. However, the charge-neutral nature of excitons renders them challenging to manipulate using electronics. Here we present the generation of trions, a form of charged excitons, together with enhanced exciton resonance in monolayer WSe2. The excitation of the trion quasiparticles is achieved by the hot carrier transport from the integrated gold plasmonic nanocavity, formed by embedding monolayer WSe2 between gold nanoparticles and a gold film. The nanocavity-induced negatively charged trions provide a promising route for the manipulation of excitons, essential for the construction of all-exciton information processing circuits.
Novel D-form of hybrid peptide (D-AP19) rapidly kills Acinetobacter baumannii while tolerating proteolytic enzymes
Authors: Jariyarattanarach Phanvimon , Klubthawee Natthaporn , Wongchai Mathira , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Aunpad Ratchaneewan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being developed as potent alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics which are unlikely to induce bacterial resistance. They can be designed and modified to possess several druggable properties. We report herein a novel hybrid peptide of modified aurein (A3) and cathelicidin (P7), or A3P7, by a flipping technique. It exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive pathogenic bacteria but had moderate hemolytic activity. To reduce the sequence length and toxicity, C-terminal truncation was serially performed and eight truncated derivatives (AP12–AP19) were obtained. They had significantly less hemolytic activity while preserving antibacterial activity. Secondary structures of the candidate peptides in environments simulating bacterial membranes (30 mM SDS and 50% TFE), determined by CD spectroscopy, showed α-helical structures consistent with predicted in silico 3D structural models. Among the peptides, AP19 demonstrated the best combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (including towardAcinetobacter baumannii) and minimal hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. A D-form peptide (D-AP19), in which all L-enantiomers were substituted with the D-enantiomers, maintained antibacterial activity in the presence of pepsin, trypsin, proteinase K and human plasma. Both isomers exhibited potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates ofA. baumanniicomparable to the traditional antibiotic, meropenem. D-AP19 displayed rapid killing via membrane disruption and leakage of intracellular contents. Additionally, it showed a low tendency to induce bacterial resistance. Our work suggested that D-AP19 could be further optimized and developed as a novel compound potentially for fighting against MDR or XDRA. baumannii.
Variation of volatile organic compound levels within ambient room air and its impact upon the standardisation of breath sampling
Authors: Hewitt Michael Jonathan , Belluomo Ilaria , Zuffa Simone , Boshier Piers R , Myridakis Antonis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe interest around analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within breath has increased in the last two decades. Uncertainty remains around standardisation of sampling and whether VOCs within room air can influence breath VOC profiles. To assess the abundance of VOCs within room air in common breath sampling locations within a hospital setting and whether this influences the composition of breath. A secondary objective is to investigate diurnal variation in room air VOCs. Room air was collected using a sampling pump and thermal desorption (TD) tubes in the morning and afternoon from five locations. Breath samples were collected in the morning only. TD tubes were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 113 VOCs were identified from the collected samples. Multivariate analysis demonstrated clear separation between breath and room air. Room air composition changed throughout the day and different locations were characterized by specific VOCs, which were not influencing breath profiles. Breath did not demonstrate separation based on location, suggesting that sampling can be performed across different locations without affecting results.
Anisotropic Polaritons in Layered Two-dimensional (2D) Materials
Authors: Shabbir A. Babar , Ma B. Weiliang , Bao C. Qiaoliang 
Published: September 2022

Perhaps the most significant progress in the field of infrared optics and nanophotonics has been made through the real space realisation of polaritons in two-dimensional materials that provide maximum light confinement functionalities. The recent breakthrough discovery of in-plane hyperbolicity in natural van der Waals materials has revealed a most exciting optical property that enables in-plane anisotropic dispersion. Yet, the most intriguing feature of in-plane anisotropic dispersion is the manipulation of polaritons at the nanoscale. This development has opened a new window of opportunity in order to develop unique nanophotonic devices with unprecedented control. This chapter will cover these developments with focus on fundamental understandings and progress of real space visualisation of in-plane anisotropic polaritons in the near-field range. The last section will conclude with the future prospects of this rapidly emerging area.
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity
Authors: Salvi Prafull , Varshney Vishal , Majee Manoj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasized and analyzed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
Prologue to the Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This prologue introduces the
LSHSS
Forum: Care of the Whole Child: Key Considerations When Working With Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech. The goals of the forum are to provide (a) an overview of several co-occurring conditions and challenges that may affect children in this population and (b) methods and materials to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy to help children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) to thrive.

Method:
The prologue provides an overview of what it means to care for the whole child and introduces the five articles in the forum, including research and clinical focus articles as well as tutorials. Infographics, assessment templates, video examples, case studies, and treatment goals are included throughout the forum to promote translation from research to practice.

Conclusion:
Children with CAS may experience a breadth of skills, challenges, and diagnoses. By learning (a) to identify possible co-occurring conditions, (b) when to make referrals, and (c) how to best accommodate and treat children when different conditions are present, speech-language pathologists can further increase the quality of care provided and ability to advocate for some of our most vulnerable clients and their families.
A new noise network and gradient parallelisation‐based asynchronous advantage actor‐critic algorithm
Authors: Fei Zhengshun , Wang Yanping , Wang Jinglong , Liu Kangling , Huang Bingqiang , Tan Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAsynchronous advantage actor‐critic (A3C) algorithm is a commonly used policy optimization algorithm in reinforcement learning, in which asynchronous is parallel interactive sampling and training, and advantage is a sampling multi‐step reward estimation method for computing weights. In order to address the problem of low efficiency and insufficient convergence caused by the traditional heuristic exploration of A3C algorithm in reinforcement learning, an improved A3C algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, a noise network function, which updates the noise tensor in an explicit way is constructed to train the agent. Generalised advantage estimation (GAE) is also adopted to describe the dominance function. Finally, a new mean gradient parallelisation method is designed to update the parameters in both the primary and secondary networks by summing and averaging the gradients passed from all the sub‐processes to the main process. Simulation experiments were conducted in a gym environment using the PyTorch Agent Net (PTAN) advanced reinforcement learning library, and the results show that the method enables the agent to complete the learning training faster and its convergence during the training process is better. The improved A3C algorithm has a better performance than the original algorithm, which can provide new ideas for subsequent research on reinforcement learning algorithms.
Formation process of thermal damage in a target area of high intensity focused ultrasound and effectiveness analysis of B-ultrasound real-time monitoring
Authors: Zhao Peng , Wang Yuebing , Wu Yanqi , Hu Xiaoye , Shen Hong , Tong Shiqi , Tao Jie 
Published: September 2022

High intensity of focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an effective tumor therapy, taking advantage of the thermal effect and cavitation effect to generate thermal damage to the target tissue. However, inaccurate ultrasonic dose control may result in ineffective or excessive treatment. Thus, real-time monitoring of the thermal damage formation process is critical. To evaluate the effectiveness of real-time monitoring of B-ultrasound, ex-vivo bovine livers were irradiated by 1.155 MHz focused ultrasound with emission time T1 of 200 ms and interval time T2 of 200 ms. For orthogonal experiments, ultrasound was irradiated at sound power of 100 W, 125 W, and 150 W for 10 s, 20 s, and 40 s, respectively. B-ultrasound image sequences are collected using a 7.5 MHz linear array and compared with backscattered echo signals and thermal damage slices, respectively, to build relationships between B-mode ultrasound monitoring and thermal effect or cavitation effect. The experimental results demonstrated that the tissue ablation process caused by thermal effect cannot be effectively monitored using B-ultrasound, but the process caused by the cavitation effect can. The analysis revealed a strong temporal correlation between the appearance of bright spots in B-ultrasound images and the sudden increase of the scattered echo power spectrum, which were caused by a large number of micro-bubbles from cavitation. The damaged cavity structure of the slices and the development trend of micro-bubbles showed a strong spatial correlation. Furthermore, the sudden increase in the scattered echo signal shows the potential of early warning of cavitation, as it is 1.2–2.0 s ahead of the bright spot in the B-ultrasound image, laying the experimental basis for improving the effectiveness of B-ultrasound monitoring in clinical HIFU surgery.
Identification and Screening of Novel Anti-Cancer Compounds for
Aurora Kinase-A from Chemical Database
Authors: Singh Ipsa A. , Lokhande Kiran Bharat , Swamy K. Venkateswara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAurora kinase is a group of enzymes that belongs to a serine-threonine family and
plays a critical role in cellular division. Aurora Kinase A is overexpressed and
distributed beyond the nucleus and is involved in tumorigenesis. Flavones are a
class of flavonoids that are present in plants that show anticancer activity.
Similar compounds of 2’Fluoroflavones are retrieved from the PubChem
database. Then drug-like filters viz. REOS and PAINS were applied to remove
toxic compounds using Canvas software, resulting in 3882 compounds being
subjected to Glide docking with Aurora kinase A. The lead compounds were
selected on the merit of hydrogen bonding, salt bridge, as well as pi-pi
interactions, 4-(6-Fluoro-4-oxychromen-2yl) benzoic acid, has been found one of
the best molecules from docking studies. The binding mode of the lead compound
with AURKA reveals that the amino acid residues viz, Lys162, Ala213, and His280
are more important for binding with the binding affinity of
-11.760 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulations of
100 ns were done, which shows the mean RMSD value of
1.77 Å for all 3 complexes of the protein and Fluoroflavone and
its analogs. This shows that Fluoroflavone and its 2 best analogs are tightly
attached to the active sites and thus have conformational stability. Our finding
suggests that 4-(6-fluoro-4-oxochromen-2-yl)benzoic acid and
4-(4-Oxochromen-2-yl)benzoate can be further used in vitro and in
vivo experiments and can probably serve as a novel drug for cancer
treatment.
Resilienz statt Resignation
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung„Krise ist ein produktiver Zustand. Man muss ihr nur den Beigeschmack der Katastrophe nehmen.“ Dieses Zitat von Max Frisch ist ohne Weiteres übertragbar auf das Thema Resilienz. Denn: In Krisen gibt es Menschen, die resignieren, und solche, die resilient sind und sie als Chance sehen. Das Gute vornweg: Resilient sein kann man lernen.
Pflege aktiv unattraktiv
Authors: Bechtel Peter 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Krankenpflege ist in den Schlagzeilen sehr präsent – leider nicht gerade mit „good news“. Die Frage ist: Wie bzw. mit welchen Aktionen sollen wir als Profession andere Menschen für diesen Beruf begeistern, wenn der Pflege regelmäßig die Luft ausgeht oder sie am Boden liegt? Ein Kommentar zur Attraktivität einer Berufsgruppe.