bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The World Health Organization Classification of Tumors and External Quality Assurance for Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Pathology
Authors: Cree Ian A. , Lokuhetty Dilani , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: June 2022

Context.—
This article is based on a talk given by the lead author at the Eigth Annual Princeton Integrated Pathology Symposium: Breast Pathology, on Sunday, April 11, 2021.

Objective.—
To show how the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours links to the requirements for quality assurance in breast pathology, including both immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology.

Data Sources.—
The WHO Classification of Tumours 5th edition Breast Tumours entries formed the basis of the talk, together with guidance published by the International Quality Network for Pathology.

Conclusions.—
The WHO Classification of Tumours provides a definitive set of international standards for tumor diagnosis contributed by experts, based on available clinical and research evidence. Techniques used in pathology need internal and external quality assurance to ensure accurate reports for patient management.
To Achieve Faster than Light Astronautic Travel Whether Human Beings can Use Wormholes or Warp Drive Propulsion
Authors: Huang Zhi-Xun 
Published: June 2022

Many physicists have repeatedly turned to general relativity(GR) for the feasibility of faster than light astronautic travel, bypassing the difficulties caused by special relativity (SR). This article argues that this should not and need not be done. Because SR's "ban" on faster than light motion is wrong. We think that the idea of relying on GR to achieve faster than light travel is not desirable, because as a theoretical system, GR's internal logic is chaotic and causality is reversed. Einstein's equation of gravitational field (EGFE) is the most important formula in GR, but EGFE has obvious assumptions and traces of patchwork. How to get to "gravity bends spacetime"(or "spacetime bending makes gravity") is a fundamental question. The physical effect of the gravitational field is determined to be embodied by the metric tensor of Riemann space, and it is necessary to know the distribution law of the metric field. However, in the absence of actual observational knowledge, EGFE is derived by speculative reasoning. That is, physics experiments have never provided the knowledge and laws that show the geometry of gravity that only Riemann geometry can show. Therefore, the spacetime bending of GR is not a reassuringly reliable theory.
Wormhole or Warp drive propulsion require extreme spacetime bending and great negative energy, which are not achievable. Therefore, we should still pay attention to basic research. For example, we can learn from the experience of breaking sonic barrier in aviation engineering to achieve supersonic flight. Existing high energy particle accelerators could be modified to look for faster than light particles, and so on. Regarding negative energy and special matter, we believe that the concept of negative energy, first proposed by P. Dirac, is only a means or tool of analysis and does not necessarily exist in fact. However, several possible ways of generating negative energy are also provided for discussion.
By contrast, electromagnetic propulsion(EM drive), which is feasible for faster than light travel, is presented in this paper. In addition, this paper points out that theoretical physicists and aviation and aerospace experts think differently about the same superluminal space travel problem. In this regard, a comparison between the first half and the second half of the article will make it clear that the former pay attention to mathematical analysis; The latter believe that mathematical analysis is necessary, but more attention should be paid to the study of physical reality. In this article, the Warp drive solution may be just a joke.
Physicochemical Analysis and Characterization of the Lipid Fraction of the Tubers of Cyperus esculentus L. var. Sativus from Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Alice Alloka-Kouame Gbaka , Micheline Baguia-Broune Fatou Diane , Chantal Ngaman-Kouassi Kohué Christelle , Akhanovna Mamyrbekova-Bekro Janat , Yves-Alain Bekro 
Published: June 2022

Aims: this work consists in determining the physical, physico-chemical parameters, the composition in fatty acids and unsaponifiables of the oil of tuber of Cyperus esculentus of Côte d'Ivoire.Methodology: After extraction of the fat by the Soxhlet method with hexane, the physico-chemical parameters were determined by colorimetric assay. The analysis of the fatty acid and unsaponifiable acid composition was carried out by GC-MS.Results: The fat content ranged from 23.64 to 27.66%, those of fatty and unsaponifiable acids were from 90.41 to 95.20% and 1.59 to 1.60%, respectively. As for the values of the acid, peroxide, saponification, iodine, ester, refraction and density indices, they varied respectively from 2.81 to 10.95 mg KOH/g, 1 to 2 meq of O2/Kg oil, 198.72 to 216.78 mg KOH/g, 54.64 to 73.86 g I2/100g oil, 193.11 to 205.83 mg KOH/g, 1.453 to 1.461, and 0.76 to 0.83. In the fatty acid compositionof oils, the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids (70.7-92.14%) was revealed, mainly oleic acid prevails (51.04-82.83%). Additionally, petroselinic (0.23-10.15%,) and 2,6-di-O-palmitoyl-L- ascorbic (8.58-8.84%) acids known for their medicinal properties (anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidants), were first discovered in the oil of Cyperus esculentus. As for the unsaponifiables, they are mainly dominated by phytosterols (22.30-44.03%) and hydrocarbons (27.70-50.8%).Conclusion: These results suggest that oil from Cyperus esculentus tubers from Côte d'Ivoire can be used as an excellent source of edible and medicinal oil.
The Impact of Debt Financing on Economic Growth
Authors: El Bettioui Rachid , Ouia Aziz , Adaskou Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Aims: This paper focuses on the issue of the impact of debt financing on economic growth, especially the long-term economic growth in Morocco.
Duration of Study: The public debt and economic growth evolution between 1984 and 2018.
Methodology: In order to answer our research question, we adopt a positivist epistemology with a deductive methodological approach through an econometric modeling. An autoregressive model “VAR” was applied using the stationarity and co-integration’s tests and causality’s tests.
Results: The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between public debt and economic growth in the period between 1984 and 2018. This is due to the good management strategy of the public debt and the good institutional governance. However, the level of the external public debt service has no significant impact on real growth rate.
Comparative Studies on the Effect of Quercetin and Emilia sonchifolia Leaf Extract on Lipid Profile of Cadmium Induced Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ajen M. , Ogar Ironya , Ele E. , Ugor J. , Egbung G. 
Published: June 2022

Aims: The effects of quercetin and Emilia sonchifolia on the lipid profile in Cadmium chloride induced oxidative stress were investigated in this study
Methodology: Twenty-four (24) male albino Wistar rats aged 5-6 weeks old and weighing 100-170g were divided into four groups of six rats each; consisting of normal control group, CdCl2 untreated group, QE treated group and ES treated group. In the initial phase of the experiment called the induction phase, Group 1 being the NC group received distilled water orally and the rest of the experimental groups were orally administered CdCl2 at a dose level of 5mg/kg b.w/day for 21 days. In the next phase of the experiment called the treatment phase Group 1 and 2 being the NC and CdCl2 untreated groups respectively, were orally administered 0.07ml of 2% tween80. Group 3 being QE treated group was administered quercetin at a dose level of 20mg/kg b.w/day + 0.07ml of 2% tween80. Group 4 being ES treated group was administered Emilia sonchifolia at a dose level of 575.8mg/kg b.w/day + 0.07ml of 2% tween80 for 28 days. After the treatment period of 28 days, the animals were fasted overnight, anesthetized and sacrificed. Whole blood was collected for biochemical assay.
Results: Results showed that cadmium decreased body weight and significantly increased serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C across the treatment groups.
Conclusion: Marked positive response were observed following treatment with quercetin and Emilia sonchifolia in all treated groups thus suggesting the hypolipidemic activities of quercetin and Emilia sonchifolia in cadmium induced oxidative stress.
Actual conditions of affiliated facilities with small‐scale daycare services and effect of age composition on the capacity of authorized day nurseries
Authors: Suzuki Kenji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSmall‐scale daycare services for 0‐ to 2‐year‐old children, which were established in 2015, are expected to eliminate the waiting list for young children. However, securing the acceptance of 3‐year‐old graduates has become a major issue, and it is necessary to establish affiliated facilities for small‐scale daycare services. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual circumstances of facilities affiliated with small‐scale daycare services and the effects of age composition on the capacity of authorized day nurseries. The document analyses and visit surveys were conducted on 17 nurseries.
Coaxially Fabricated Dual‐Drug Loading Electrospinning Fibrous Mat with Programmed Releasing Behavior to Boost Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Cui Jinjie , Yu Xingge , Yu Bin , Yang Xiuyi , Fu Zeyu , Wan Jianyu , Zhu Min , Wang Xudong , Lin Kaili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn clinical treatment, the bone regeneration of critical‐size defects is desiderated to be solved, and the regeneration of large bone segment defects depends on early vascularization. Therefore, overcoming insufficient vascularization in artificial bone grafts may be a promising strategy for critical‐size bone regeneration. Herein, a novel dual‐drug programmed releasing electrospinning fibrous mat (EFM) with a deferoxamine (DFO)‐loaded shell layer and a dexamethasone (DEX)‐loaded core layer is fabricated using coaxial electrospinning technology, considering the temporal sequence of vascularization and bone repair. DFO acts as an angiogenesis promoter and DEX is used as an osteogenesis inducer. The results demonstrate that the early and rapid release of DFO promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and the sustained release of DEX enhances the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells. DFO and DEX exert synergetic effects on osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and the dual‐drug programmed releasing EFM acquired perfect vascularized bone regeneration ability in a rat calvarial defect model. Overall, the study suggests a low‐cost strategy to enhance vascularized bone regeneration by adjusting the behavior of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in time dimension.
Peptide‐Based Cancer Vaccine Delivery via the STINGΔTM‐cGAMP Complex
Authors: He Yanpu , Hong Celestine , Fletcher Samantha J. , Berger Adam G. , Sun Xin , Yang Mengdi , Huang Shengnan , Belcher Angela M. , Irvine Darrell J. , Li Jiahe , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the advent of bioinformatic tools in efficiently predicting neo‐antigens, peptide vaccines have gained tremendous attention in cancer immunotherapy. However, the delivery of peptide vaccines remains a major challenge, primarily due to ineffective transport to lymph nodes and low immunogenicity. Here, a strategy for peptide vaccine delivery is reported by first fusing the peptide to the cytosolic domain of the stimulator of interferon genes protein (STINGΔTM), then complexing the peptide‐STINGΔTM protein with STING agonist 2'3' cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP). The process results in the formation of self‐assembled cGAMP‐peptide‐STINGΔTM tetramers, which enables efficient lymphatic trafficking of the peptide. Moreover, the cGAMP‐STINGΔTM complex acts not only as a protein carrier for the peptide, but also as a potent adjuvant capable of triggering STING signaling independent of endogenous STING protein—an especially important attribute considering that certain cancer cells epigenetically silence their endogenous STING expression. With model antigen SIINFEKL, it is demonstrated that the platform elicits effective STING signaling in vitro, draining lymph node targeting in vivo, effective T cell priming in vivo as well as antitumoral immune response in a mouse colon carcinoma model, providing a versatile solution to the challenges faced in peptide vaccine delivery.
3D Interfacial and Spatiotemporal Regulation of Human Neuroepithelial Organoids
Authors: Tang Chunling , Wang Xinhui , D'Urso Mirko , van der Putten Cas , Kurniawan Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeuroepithelial (NE) organoids with dorsal–ventral patterning provide a useful three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro model to interrogate neural tube formation during early development of the central nervous system. Understanding the fundamental processes behind the cellular self‐organization in NE organoids holds the key to the engineering of organoids with higher, more in vivo‐like complexity. However, little is known about the cellular regulation driving the NE development, especially in the presence of interfacial cues from the microenvironment. Here a simple 3D culture system that allows generation and manipulation of NE organoids from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), displaying developmental phases of hiPSC differentiation and self‐aggregation, first into NE cysts with lumen structure and then toward NE organoids with floor‐plate patterning, is established. Longitudinal inhibition reveals distinct and dynamic roles of actomyosin contractility and yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling in governing these phases. By growing NE organoids on culture chips containing anisotropic surfaces or confining microniches, it is further demonstrated that interfacial cues can sensitively exert dimension‐dependent influence on luminal cyst and organoid morphology, successful floor‐plate patterning, as well as cytoskeletal regulation and YAP activity. This study therefore sheds new light on how organoid and tissue architecture can be steered through intracellular and extracellular means.
PERCHING syndrome: Clinical presentation in the first African patient confirmed by clinical whole genome sequencing
Authors: Makay Prince , Mubungu Gerrye , Mupuala Aimée , Bluske Krista , Brown Carolyn , Schmidt Sarah A. , Ngole Mamy , Fuanani Patrick , Perry Denise L. , Lukusa Prosper , Devriendt Koenraad , Taft Ryan J. , Lumaka Aimé 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPERCHING syndrome is a rare multisystem developmental disorder caused by autosomal recessive (AR) variants (truncating and missense) in the Kelch‐like family member 7 gene (KLHL7). We report the first phenotypic and molecular description of PERCHING syndrome in a patient from Central Africa. The patient presented multiple dysmorphic features in addition to neurological, respiratory, gastroenteric, and dysautonomic disorders. Clinical Whole Genome Sequencing in the proband and his mother identified two novel heterozygous variants in the KLHL7 gene, including a maternally inherited intronic variant (NM_001031710.2:c.793 + 5G > C) classified as Variant of Uncertain Significance and a frameshift stop gain variant (NM_001031710.2:c.944delG; p.Ser315ThrfsTer23) of unknown inheritance classified as likely pathogenic. Although the diagnosis was only evoked after genomic testing, the review of published patients suggests that this disease could be clinically recognizable and maybe considered as an encephalopathy. Our report will allow expanding the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of Perching syndrome.
Interlaminar improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via fluorine‐containing high‐epoxy‐value sizing agent
Authors: Qiu Zhijie , Wang Yilei , Li Chengsen , Yuan Xiaomin , Zhu Bo , Liu Jianjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo improve the interfacial bonding effect of carbon fibers (CFs) and epoxy resins, we prepared a fluorine‐containing high‐epoxy‐value sizing agent (named TS) in this article. It is an emulsion with a more uniform particle size distribution and higher stability better than a commercial Takemoto sizing agent. In addition, sulfonic acid groups can improve the hydrophilicity of the TS, and the presence of epoxy groups enhances the wettability between CFs and the matrix. The properties of the sizing agents were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis. The sized CFs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, monofilament tensile test, and dynamic contact angle. Afterward, CF/epoxy composites were prepared, and their fracture morphology and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were examined. Results indicated that the TS sizing significantly increased the content of activated carbon on the surface of the CFs and improved the bonding effect between the fiber and the matrix. After TS was sized, the ILSS increased from 49.64 to 58.74 MPa, 18.34% higher than unsized CF/epoxy composites, showing the prominent interfacial reinforcement better than commercial Takemoto.
Sensor heavy metal from natural resources for a green environment: A review relation between synthesis method and luminescence properties of carbon dots
Authors: Jariah Ainun , Shiddiq Muhandis , Armynah Bidayatul , Tahir Dahlang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are 10‐nm nanomaterial classes as excellent candidates in various applications: physics, biology, chemistry, and food science due to high stable biocompatibility and high surface expansive. CDs produced from natural materials have received wide attention due to their unique benefits, easy availabilities, sufficient costs, and harmless to the ecosystem. The various properties of CDs can be obtained from various synthesis methods: hydrothermal, microwave‐assisted, and pyrolysis. The CDs have shown enormous potential in metal particle detection, colorimetric sensors, electrochemical sensors, and pesticide sensors. This review provides systematic information on a synthesis method based on natural resources and the application to the environmental sensors for supporting the clean environment. We hope this review will be useful as a reference source in providing the guidance or roadmap for new researchers to develop new strategies in increasing luminescence properties CDs for multi detection of heavy metals in the environment.
Derivation and validation of a risk classification tree for patients with synovial sarcoma
Authors: Neel Dylan V. , Ma Clement , Collins Natalie B. , Hornick Jason L. , Demetri George D. , Shulman David S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynovial sarcoma (SS) accounts for 8%–10% of all soft‐tissue sarcomas. Clinical presentation and outcomes vary, yet discrete risk groups based on validated prognostic indices are not defined for the full spectrum of patients with SS.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the SEER (surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program) database of SS patients who were <70 years of age at diagnosis. We constructed a recursive partitioning model of overall survival using a training cohort of 1063 patients with variables: Age at diagnosis, sex, race, ethnicity, primary site, tumor size, tumor grade, and stage. Based on this model, we grouped patients into three risk groups and estimated 5‐year overall survival for each group. We then applied these groups to a test cohort (n = 1063).ResultsOur model identified three prognostic groups with significantly different overall survival: low risk (local/regional stage with either <21 years of age OR tumor <7.5 cm and female sex), intermediate‐risk (local/regional stage, age ≥ 21 years with either male sex and tumor <7.5 cm OR any sex with appendicular anatomic location) and high risk (local/regional stage, age ≥ 21 years, tumor size ≥7.5 cm and non‐appendicular location OR distant stage). Prognostic groups were applied to the test cohort, showing significantly different survival between groups (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur analysis yields an intuitive risk‐classification tree with discrete groups, which may provide useful information for researchers, patients, and clinicians. Prospective validation of this model may inform efforts at risk‐stratifying treatment.
Optimization of Binary Polymer Concentration for Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Robinson Jackson Genza , Gonawan Fadzil Noor , Harun Kamaruddin Azlina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a challenging step in the preparation of conducting composites. Stabilizing CNT suspensions in a liquid solution with surfactants and polymers as dispersants is the most common method. This study aimed to investigate a systematic route to the degree of dispersion of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F‐MWCNTs) in aqueous solution, assisted by four types of binary dispersants (i.e., polymer/surfactant). A UV‐Vis spectroscopy‐based method was employed to accurately determine the optimum F‐MWCNTs concentration in blended binary polymer with application of the Boltzmann sigmoidal model. The model represents the concentration of dispersed F‐MWCNTs attained versus the initial concentration of F‐MWCNTs used, and it was found that the model fits the experimental data. The significance of the parameters related to the Boltzmann sigmoidal model for the dispersion behavior of F‐MWCNTs is discussed. The model could be a tool to prepare optimally dispersed F‐MWCNTs in various types of liquid solutions.
The chemical process monitoring method based on temporal extended orthogonal neighbourhood preserving embedding (TONPE)
Authors: Wang Yan , Liang Jie , Ling Dan , Gu Xiao‐Guang , Li Shang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the high dimensionality, non‐linearity and dynamic characteristics of chemical process data, a fault monitoring method based on temporal extension orthogonal neighbourhood preserving embedding (TONPE) is proposed. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the orthogonal neighbourhood preserving embedding (ONPE) algorithm, an information extraction strategy based on spatio‐temporal structure is developed. First, a local neighbourhood set with spatio‐temporal characteristics is established, and a weight matrix with spatio‐temporal is reconstructed for each time point through the nearest neighbour in space and time. Then, a projection matrix with orthogonal constraints is obtained to establish a monitoring model. The TONPE algorithm can fully capture the local dynamic changes of high‐dimensional data by extracting two different manifold features, so that the low‐dimensional space has better performance capabilities. The simulation results of the continuous stirred tank reactor process and the Tennessee Eastman process verify the effectiveness of the TONPE algorithm in chemical process monitoring.