bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient satisfaction in the use of non-pharmacological therapies in the management of postoperative pain: a study in a tertiary hospital, Ghana
Authors: Tano Priscilla Felicia , Apiribu Felix , Tano Emile Kouakou , Agambire Ramatu , Boateng Isaac , Sefah Victoria 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundNon-pharmacological therapies are the non-medicinal methods used in postoperative pain (POP) management by health care practitioners such as massage, positioning, breathing exercise, music therapy, and distraction. It has been discovered that therapies that are non-pharmacological for the relief of pain are effective with minimal side effects. Studies have also revealed that non-pharmacological interventions in the management of pain lessen or alter pain perception by decreasing intensity and intensifying the tolerance of pain. This study, therefore, seeks to determine how frequently non-pharmacological methods (NPMs) are used in the management of POP and the influence of these NPMs on patient satisfactionMethodsThis study was a descriptive cross-sectional design. A quantitative approach was utilized with a structured questionnaire to obtain responses from patients from October to December 2019. The study was conducted in the female and male surgical wards of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana. 138 patients within the first 72 hours post-operative period who consented and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. A convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used in analyzing the data.ResultsThe majority of the patients, 52.2% responded to using some form of (NPMs) for pain relief. The most widely used non-pharmacological method of pain relief was walking representing 79.2%, followed by relaxation 5 (6.8%), distraction 4 (5.6%), listening to music 3 (4.2%), deep breathing 2 (2.8%), and meditation 1 (1.4%). The male participants were observed to use more NPMs of pain relief as compared to the females. Most of the patients (51.4%) who used NPMs for their pain relief reported having their pain not relieved. A majority (90.6%) of the participants desired for more pain treatment. The type of surgery the patients underwent had a statistically significant negative correlation with the use of NPMs of pain relief (Spearman Correlation Coefficient = -0.233, p-value <0.05). A higher percentage (71%) of participants were highly satisfied with the overall pain treatment received.ConclusionNon-pharmacological management of POP have been proven to be efficient, inexpensive, and have little or no side effect on patients. There should be continuous education on non-pharmacological management of POP to nurses and other healthcare professionals to help promote the efficiency of intervening in postoperative pain with these methods.
Balancing selection on genomic deletion polymorphisms in humans
Authors: Aqil Alber , Speidel Leo , Pavlidis Pavlos , Gokcumen Omer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA key question in biology is why genomic variation persists in a population for extended periods. Recent studies have identified examples of genomic deletions that have remained polymorphic in the human lineage for hundreds of millennia, ostensibly owing to balancing selection. Nevertheless, genome-wide investigations of ancient and possibly adaptive deletions remain an imperative exercise. Here, we used simulations to show an excess of ancient allele sharing between modern and archaic human genomes that cannot be explained solely by introgression or ancient structure under neutrality. We identified 63 deletion polymorphisms that emerged before the divergence of humans and Neanderthals and are associated with GWAS traits. We used empirical and simulation-based analyses to show that the haplotypes that harbor these functional ancient deletions have likely been evolving under time- and geography-dependent balancing selection. Collectively, our results suggest that balancing selection may have maintained at least 27% of the functional deletion polymorphisms in humans for hundreds of thousands of years.
Cytoplasmic processing of human transfer RNAs
Authors: Akiyama Yasutoshi , Lyons Shawn M. , Abe Takaaki , Anderson Paul J. , Ivanov Pavel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBiogenesis of different classes of eukaryotic RNAs proceeds via different pathways that require strict spatiotemporal resolution. The intracellular organization has evolved to provide order for RNA processing to coordinate different maturation steps with specific enzymatic reaction. In higher eukaryotes, processing of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is postulated to be almost entirely intranuclear, while in lower eukaryotes like yeast, tRNA maturation is both nuclear and cytoplasmic. Here, we show that tRNA processing is largely cytosolic event in human cells. After transcription, unprocessed precursors of tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) bound by La protein are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Using cell fractionation analysis and pre-tRNA-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol, we show tRNA splicing/ligation and end-processing takes place in the cytoplasm where majority of processing enzymes is also located. We propose here a model where processing of intron-less and intron-containing pre-tRNAs is cytoplasmic similarly to the observed in lower eukaryotes, although tRNA splicing precedes 5’- and 3’-end processing in human cells unlike in yeast.
A quorum sensing-regulated type VI secretion system containing multiple nonredundant VgrG proteins is required for interbacterial competition in Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Alves Júlia A. , Leal Fernanda C. , Previato-Mello Maristela , da Silva Neto José F. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe environmental pathogenic bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum kills Gram-positive bacteria delivering violacein packed into outer membrane vesicles, but nothing is known about its contact-dependent competition mechanisms. In this work, we demonstrate that C. violaceum utilizes a type VI secretion system (T6SS) containing multiple VgrG proteins primarily for interbacterial competition. The single T6SS of C. violaceum contains six vgrG genes, which are located in the main T6SS cluster and four vgrG islands. Using T6SS-core component null mutant strains, western blot, fluorescence microscopy, and competition assays, we show that the C. violaceum T6SS is active and required for competition against Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa but dispensable for C. violaceum infection in mice. Characterization of single and multiple vgrG mutants revealed that, despite having high sequence similarity, the six VgrGs show little functional redundancy, with VgrG3 showing a major role in T6SS function. Our coimmunoprecipitation data support a model of VgrG3 assembling heterotrimers with the other VgrGs. Moreover, we determined that the promoter activities of T6SS genes increased at high cell density, but the produced Hcp protein was not secreted under such condition. This T6SS growth-phase-dependent regulation was dependent on CviR but not on CviI, the components of a C. violaceum quorum sensing (QS) system. Indeed, a ΔcviR but not a ΔcviI mutant was completely defective in Hcp secretion, T6SS activity, and interbacterial competition. Overall, our data reveal that C. violaceum relies on a QS-regulated T6SS to outcompete other bacteria and expand our knowledge about the redundancy of multiple VgrGs.IMPORTANCEThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanomachine used by many Gram-negative bacteria to inject toxic effectors into adjacent cells. The delivered effectors are bound to the components of a puncturing apparatus containing the protein VgrG. The T6SS has been implicated in pathogenesis and, more commonly, in competition among bacteria. Chromobacterium violaceum is an environmental bacterium that causes deadly infections in humans. In this work, we characterized the single T6SS of C. violaceum ATCC 12472, including its six VgrG proteins, regarding its function and regulation. This previously undescribed C. violaceum T6SS is active, regulated by QS, and required for interbacterial competition instead of acute infection in mice. Among the VgrGs, VgrG3, encoded outside of the main T6SS cluster, showed a major contribution to T6SS function. These results shed light on a key contact-dependent killing mechanism used by C. violaceum to antagonize other bacteria.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for generalized Sturm–Liouville and Langevin equations via Caputo–Hadamard fractional-order operator
Authors: Batiha Iqbal M. , Ouannas Adel , Albadarneh Ramzi , Al-Nana Abeer A. , Momani Shaher 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the existence and uniqueness of solution for generalized Sturm–Liouville and Langevin equations formulated using Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative operator in accordance with three nonlocal Hadamard fractional integral boundary conditions. With regard to this nonlinear boundary value problem, three popular fixed point theorems, namely, Krasnoselskii’s theorem, Leray–Schauder’s theorem and Banach contraction principle, are employed to theoretically prove and guarantee three novel theorems. The main outcomes of this work are verified and confirmed via several numerical examples.Design/methodology/approachIn order to accomplish our purpose, three fixed point theorems are applied to the problem under consideration according to some conditions that have been established to this end. These theorems are Krasnoselskii's theorem, Leray Schauder's theorem and Banach contraction principle.FindingsIn accordance to the applied fixed point theorems on our main problem, three corresponding theoretical results are stated, proved, and then verified via several numerical examples.Originality/valueThe existence and uniqueness of solution for generalized Sturm–Liouville and Langevin equations formulated using Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative operator in accordance with three nonlocal Hadamard fractional integral boundary conditions are studied. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is original and has not been published elsewhere.
Budgetary control and risk management institutionalization: a field study of three state-owned enterprises in China
Authors: Jermias Johnny , Fu Yuanlue , Fu Chenxi , Chen Yasheng 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the design and implementation of enterprise risk management (ERM) in three large Chinese state-owned enterprises and to develop propositions on integrating ERM, budgetary control system and cash flow stability approach.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a field study approach to analyze the risk assessment and risk-return matching of ERM. A field study was carried out over three years from 2008 to 2011 in three Chinese state-owned enterprises. These companies were chosen because less attention has been given to the implementation of ERM in such firms.

Findings
First, the authors find that all three companies use budgetary control to identify risks, analyze each risk to determine the potential consequences, determine the acceptable levels of risk, develop a risk mitigation plan and monitor the activities in all business processes that may change the levels of risks continuously. Second, the companies focus on cash flow risks through budgetary control to ensure the stability of cash flows. Finally, the degree of intensity of using budgetary control institutionalization to design and implement ERM has a positive impact on the level of risk acceptance and risk assessment culture.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study, however, should be interpreted with caution because this study was conducted in three Chinese state-owned enterprises. To increase the generalizability of the findings, future research is encouraged to replicate this study in different industries, as well as in different countries. Furthermore, future research might also examine the authors’ propositions using a large-scale survey across other regions of the world.

Practical implications
Companies can minimize resistance to change by using budgetary control institutionalization when implementing the ERM. State-owned enterprises can initiate and implement a new risk management system by identifying the potential risks and by developing a risk mitigation plan.

Social implications
The results of this study will help companies, particularly state-owned enterprises, to improve their performance and become more competitive, which in turn will benefit the society as a whole by performing their risk driver identification, risk driver impact assessment, risk management actions and risk management optimization more effectively.

Originality/value
The authors investigate how the firms use a legitimate system, namely, budgetary control, that is widely accepted and used in China to foster the acceptance and use of ERM. The authors also develop testable propositions of ERM implementation and cash flow stability that will provide useful guidelines for future research.
Insights into neo-institutional theory in accounting and auditing regulation research
Authors: Haapamäki Elina 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Neo-institutional theory (NIT) has strengthened its position as one of the theories and frameworks used to investigate accounting as organizational, legislative, social and policymaking phenomena. This study aims to review how aspects of NIT are used and understood by accounting researchers. As a growing body of accounting and auditing articles in recent years has used NIT as a theoretical framework, this paper reviews and analyzes articles using NIT.

Design/methodology/approach
This study develops a comprehensive synthesis of current academic knowledge about NIT in accounting and auditing regulation literature. Further, it reveals areas requiring further examination.

Findings
The findings of this study indicate that prior studies have found evidence that accounting and auditing regulation is associated with all forms of isomorphism (coercive, mimetic and normative). For instance, institutional pressures influence the accounting and auditing standards adoption in different environments. Therefore, the synthesis of the literature suggests that coercive, mimetic and normative pressures have played a significant role in the harmonization of accounting and auditing practices worldwide. To conclude, NIT has become one of the relevant alternative approaches used to explore accounting and auditing regulation as a complex phenomenon.

Research limitations/implications
Accounting has often been referred to as a “narrow” and “technical” topic. In a way, NIT broadens the research field by extending, for instance, the approach of which external and internal pressures are associated with accounting standards adoption and why different accounting practices are adopted.

Originality/value
This study informs accounting scholars as to how NIT has been applied, and can be applied, in the accounting and auditing regulation literature. This benefits accounting researchers if they are considering whether to use NIT in their research. This study evaluates the contribution of NIT within this research field. It can be suggested that accounting researchers need to become more aware of the debates within the NIT literature, particularly as the theory is seen as conceptually ambiguous. To conclude, the synthesis highlights that NIT has offered a range of important contributions and has drawn attention to the link between accounting and auditing regulation research and the institutional environment.
Britain in the European Union: A Very Short History
Authors: Schütze Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFrom the start, Britain's feelings towards European integration were complex; and when Britain finally joined the ‘common market’ in 1973, its reasons were predominantly of an economic nature. Its profound doubts of any ‘federal’ or ‘political’ union would become a recurring theme throughout its membership; and, in later years, Britain's critical attitude towards transfers of legislative powers to the European Union found numerous expressions in a wide range of ‘opt‐outs’. They gave the United Kingdom, in the words of the British government, a unique place within the Union. However, even this halfway house ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ the European Union could not prevent a British referendum in which the majority of British citizens decided to opt out of Union membership altogether. This article offers a very short historical overview of British membership in the Union. Six key moments in the story of British membership will illustrate the complex relationship between Britain and the European Union.
Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor of the lung with cavitary change: A case report with 11‐year preoperative follow‐up
Authors: Moon Jayoung , You Seulgi , Sun Joo Sung , Park Kyung Joo , Koh Young Wha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCiliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) is a rare benign lung tumor characterized by ciliated columnar cells, mucous cells, and basal cells. Herein, we report a case of CMPT with 11 years of preoperative follow‐up, depicting the natural course of the tumor and changes in computed tomography (CT) findings. A 39‐year‐old man had a 5‐mm solid pulmonary nodule in the right lower lobe that had slowly grown and transformed into a thin‐walled cavitary lesion. Right lower lobe lobectomy was performed and the tumor was confirmed to be a CMPT. Although it is difficult to diagnose CMPT with CT findings alone, CMPT should be considered as a possible diagnosis when a slowly growing nodule undergoes cavitary changes.
Reviewing perianal abscess management and recurrence: lessons from a trainee perspective
Authors: Sarofim Mina , Ooi Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerianal abscesses are a common surgical emergency. Due to their perceived ease, drainage is often delegated to junior trainees with varying levels of experience. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current trend in perianal abscesses management at our institution, and identify factors that predict subsequent fistula formation or abscess recurrence.MethodsAll acute patients admitted to a major teaching hospital who required surgical drainage of a perianal abscess were analysed over a two‐year period from January 2019 to December 2020. Patient demographics, clinical and laboratory findings were retrospectively reviewed. Proceduralist experience, operative management strategy and recurrence rates (fistula or abscess) were analysed.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 43 years old, and 73% were male. Trainees performed 96% of the procedures. Re‐presentation with a fistula or abscess recurrence requiring further surgery was 31%. Comorbidities of IBD, diabetes, or malignancy were present in one‐third of patients and significantly increased the risk of recurrence (P = 0.01). Searching for a fistula tract was performed in 41% of cases but did not reduce recurrence (P = 0.9). Seton insertion occurred in 10%, and fistulotomy in 2%.ConclusionPerianal abscess drainage at our institution is almost exclusively performed by trainees, the majority of which occurs after‐hours. Patients who present with a fever, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus or malignancy are at an increased risk of recurrent abscess or a subsequent fistula after drainage, and input from an experienced surgeon may be of value when considering seton insertion or fistulotomy.
Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for septic shock patients with pulmonary infection: A propensity score matching‐based retrospective study
Authors: Zha Yutao , Yuan Jun , Bao Junjie , Fang Ming , Liu Nian , Huang Rui , Wang Cui , Chen Shi , Shao Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether septic shock patients with pulmonary infection and life‐threatening hypoxemia can benefit from V‐V ECMO.MethodsRetrospective clinical data analysis on patients who suffered septic shock with pulmonary infection, categorized into V‐V ECMO and control groups. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to screen patients matched for age, gender, and disease severity. The primary outcome was 30‐ and 90‐day mortality after diagnosis of septic shock.ResultsAfter PSM, 31 pairs of patients were enrolled in this study, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, chronic disease, acute physiological and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Within 28 days after the diagnosis of septic shock, the median time of renal replacement therapy‐free days was longer in the V‐V ECMO group than in the control group (27 days vs. 9 days; p = 0.044). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that 30‐day mortality was lower in the V‐V ECMO group than in the control group (38.7% vs. 61.3%; HR 0.488; 95% CI 0.240–0.992; p = 0.043, by log‐rank test); 90‐day mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (51.6% vs. 67.7%, p = 0.097).ConclusionPatients receiving V‐V ECMO support had lower 30‐day mortality and faster recovery of renal function within 28 days compared with those receiving conventional therapy. However, V‐V ECMO did not improve 90‐day survival in septic shock patients with pulmonary infection.
Trough plasma nevirapine levels, immunologic and virologic responses in composite CYP2B6*6/*18 HIV‐infected adult Nigerian patients
Authors: Abdullahi Sa'ad T. , Soyinka Julius O. , Bolarinwa Rahman A. , Olarewaju Olusola J. , Salami Alakija K. , Bakare‐Odunola Moji T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe influence of composite CYP2B6*6/*18 genotype on trough plasma nevirapine levels, HIV RNA levels (virologic response) and CD4+ T lymphocyte and absolute lymphocyte counts (immunologic response) of HIV‐infected patients were evaluated. Patients with records of trough plasma nevirapine levels, CD4+ T lymphocyte, absolute lymphocyte and viral load counts at baseline and months 6 and 12 after initiation of nevirapine‐based antiretroviral therapy combinations were retrospectively analysed. Participants were from a cohort of 150 patients previously genotyped and with measured plasma nevirapine levels. Relationship between genotype and nevirapine levels, absolute lymphocyte and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and viral load were explored. Composite CYP2B6*6/*18 genotype was significantly associated with trough plasma nevirapine levels (geometric mean [standard deviation]: 4482 ng/ml [1349] of normal metabolizers vs. 4632 ng/ml [1793] of intermediate metabolizers vs. 6229 ng/ml [2549] of poor metabolizers; P < 0.001), but not the plasma HIV RNA levels, absolute lymphocyte and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Overall, immunologic response showed improvement with approximately 61.3% and 70.4% of patients with CD4+ T lymphocyte count >350 cells/mm3 at months 6 and 12 therapy duration respectively compared to 23.1% at baseline. Composite CYP2B6*6/*18 genotype correlated with plasma nevirapine levels but not immunologic and virologic responses.