bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECT OF FORMING ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS OF THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Крячко Л.Н. 
Published: October 2022

Постановка задачи. Реализация принципа коммуникативной направленности в процессе обучения иностранному языку студентов неязыковых вузов связана с подготовкой обучающихся к иноязычному общению в различных сферах общественной жизни, что предполагает развитие их коммуникативных умений в ситуациях, имитирующих реальные. Результаты. Проведенное исследование показывает, что в процессе тренировки англоязычных речевых умений обучающихся на занятиях по иностранному языку последние испытывают трудности, связанные с недостатком социокультурных знаний о менталитете носителей языка, их психологических особенностях, национально-культурных сценариях их речевого поведения. Кроме того, некоторые коммуникативные ситуации, являющиеся достаточно распространенными в реальной жизни, не находят широкого отражения в учебной литературе. Выводы. Совершенствование социокультурной компетенции обучающихся, формирование у них целостного представления о коммуникативной культуре носителей языка, об отличиях англоязычных моделей речевого поведения от тех, что распространены в их родных языке и культуре, позволят студентам уверенно выбирать корректную для каждой конкретной ситуации общения коммуникативную стратегию, спонтанно реагировать на реплики собеседника в процессе коммуникации, активно использовать адекватные ситуации этикетные формулы.
Statement of the problem. The implementation of the principle of the communicative orientation in the process of teaching the students of non-linguistic universities a foreign language is associated with the preparation of them for foreign language communication in various spheres of public life, which involves the development of their communicative skills in the situations that imitate the real ones. Results. The research carried out shows that in the process of training the students’ English speech skills at the lessons of English they experience the difficulties associated with a lack of the sociocultural knowledge about the mentality of language speakers, their psychological characteristics, and the national and cultural scenarios of their speech behavior. In addition, some communicative situations, which are quite common in real life, are not widely reflected in educational literature. Conclusion. Improving the students’ sociocultural competency, forming their comrehensive view of the language speakers’ communicative culture, the differences between the English models of speech behavior and those that are common in their native language and culture, will allow the students to confidently choose the communication strategy which is correct for the certain specific speech situation, to spontaneously respond to the interlocutor's remarks in the process of communication, to actively use the etiquette formulas that are adequate to the speech situation.
Fear memory in humans is consolidated over time independently of sleep
Authors: Pavlov Yuri G. , Pavlova Nadezhda V. , Diekelmann Susanne , Kotchoubey Boris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFear memories can be altered after acquisition by processes, such as fear memory consolidation or fear extinction, even without further exposure to the fear-eliciting stimuli, but factors contributing to these processes are not well understood. Sleep is known to consolidate, strengthen, and change newly acquired declarative and procedural memories. However, evidence on the role of time and sleep in the consolidation of fear memories is inconclusive. We used highly sensitive electrophysiological measures to examine the development of fear-conditioned responses over time and sleep in humans. We assessed event-related brain potentials (ERP) in 18 healthy, young individuals during fear conditioning before and after a 2-hour afternoon nap or a corresponding wake interval in a counterbalanced within-subject design. The procedure involved pairing a neutral tone (CS+) with a highly unpleasant sound. As a control, another neutral tone (CS−) was paired with a neutral sound. Fear responses were examined before the interval during a habituation phase and an acquisition phase as well as after the interval during an extinction phase and a reacquisition phase. Differential fear conditioning during acquisition was evidenced by a more negative slow ERP component (stimulus-preceding negativity) developing before the unconditioned stimulus (loud noise). This differential fear response was even stronger after the interval during reacquisition compared with initial acquisition, but this effect was similarly pronounced after sleep and wakefulness. These findings suggest that fear memories are consolidated over time, with this effect being independent of intervening sleep.
Unscrambling the Lensed Galaxies in JWST Images behind SMACS 0723
Authors: Pascale Massimo , Frye Brenda L. , Diego Jose , Furtak Lukas J. , Zitrin Adi , Broadhurst Tom , Conselice Christopher J. , Dai Liang , Ferreira Leonardo , Adams Nathan J. , Kamieneski Patrick , Foo Nicholas , Kelly Patrick , Chen Wenlei , Lim Jeremy , Meena Ashish K. , Wilkins Stephen M. , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Windhorst Rogier A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The first deep field images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of the galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327 reveal a wealth of new lensed images at uncharted infrared wavelengths, with unprecedented depth and resolution. Here we securely identify 14 new sets of multiply imaged galaxies totaling 42 images, adding to the five sets of bright and multiply imaged galaxies already known from Hubble Space Telescope data. We find examples of arcs crossing critical curves, allowing detailed community follow-up, such as JWST spectroscopy for precise redshift determinations, and measurements of the chemical abundances and of the detailed internal gas dynamics of very distant, young galaxies. One such arc contains a pair of compact knots that are magnified by a factor of hundreds, and features a microlensed transient. We also detect an Einstein cross candidate only visible thanks to JWST’s superb resolution. Our parametric lens model is available through the following link (https://www.dropbox.com/sh/gwup2lvks0jsqe5/AAC2RRSKce0aX-lIFCc9vhBXa?dl=0) and will be regularly updated using additional spectroscopic redshifts. The model is constrained by 16 of these sets of multiply imaged galaxies, three of which have spectroscopic redshifts, and reproduces the multiple images to better than an rms of 0.″5, allowing for accurate magnification estimates of high-redshift galaxies. The intracluster light extends beyond the cluster members, exhibiting large-scale features that suggest a significant past dynamical disturbance. This work represents a first taste of the enhanced power JWST will have for lensing-related science.
New Surface Abundances for HD 216494 (74 Aqr)
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
New abundances are derived for the brightest member of 74 Aqr. The profile of the Mg ii line at 4481 Å is composite and clearly shows three components which confirms the classification of 74 Aqr as a triple SB3 system. The derived abundance pattern confirms the HgMn nature of this star. Helium and magnesium are found to be more deficient than in previous studies while phosphorus is less overabundant.
Epinephelus rankini Whitley, 1945, a valid species of grouper (Teleostei, Perciformes, Epinephelidae) from Western Australia and southeast Indonesia
Authors: Cao Xiaoying , Wu Haohao , Zhang Haoran , Wu Lina , Ding Shaoxiong 
Published: October 2022

The grouper Epinephelus rankini, described from the waters off Western Australia, has long been regarded as a junior synonym of Epinephelus multinotatus. However, the two species are discernible as distinct species on the basis of their morphological characteristics and genetic differences by the holotype material and non-type of specimens.
In this study, Epinephelus rankini is considered as a valid species and re-described based on the examination of the holotype and additional specimens. Epinephelus rankini can be distinguished from the closely-related species E. multinotatus by the following combination of characters: body dark greyish-brown to chocolate with irregular white blotches (vs. body pale brownish-grey with irregular and small white blotches in E. multinotatus), absence of small dark brown spots (vs. numerous small dark brown spots in E. multinotatus). Furthermore, genetic differences between the two species strongly support the validity of both species based on molecular analysis (mtDNA, COI gene). In addition based on the sampling range, E. rankini was observed range from the Abrolhos Islands of Western Australia to south-eastern Indonesia, while E. multinotatus ranges from the Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique.
L’économie rurale vétérinaire ou comment le législateur de l’an III prépare la révélation des « droits des animaux » (1794-1799)
Authors: Mellah Malik 
Published: October 2022

En insistant sur l’interdépendance de choix scientifiques avec les principes culturels ou les convictions politiques des « thermidoriens », le travail législatif sur la réorganisation des écoles vétérinaires constitue une des projections les plus fortes de la pensée politique qui veut enclencher un processus d’amélioration morale et économique fondée non seulement sur une science générale de l’homme mais aussi sur une science républicaine de la nature déclinée dans ces deux dimensions mobilisables : la terre et l’animal.
Macular Atrophy Incidence, Progression, and Visual Acuity Effects in 5-Year Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Richardson Quintin R. , Zhang Youning , Deiner Michael S. , Wang Suling T. , Bhisitkul Jonah M. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Bhisitkul Robert B. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Macular atrophy (MA) contributes to declining vision during prolonged anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) so greater understanding of its incidence, evolution, and impact on visual acuity is merited.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a retrospective review of nAMD patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy for ≥ 5 years. Near-infrared reflectance images and vision data were extracted every 6 months. MA lesion areas were measured using ImageJ.

RESULTS:

Vision showed a mean decline of −1.2 letters/year. Eyes with MA showed a greater decrease of −1.6 letters/year compared to eyes without MA (−0.7 letters/year). Cumulative incidence of MA was 38% at 5 years. MA was significantly associated with declining vision, showing a −0.7 letter decrease for every 1 mm
2
increase in lesion size.

CONCLUSION:
Over a 5-year course of nAMD treatment, MA affected most eyes, and MA progression was significantly associated with vision decline.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53:546–552.]
Preventing Iatrogenic Retinal Breaks in Cutter-Associated Traction from Chronic Vitreous Hemorrhage (CATCH)
Authors: Trese Matthew G. J. , Lee Ramon , Garretson Bruce R. , Mahmoud Tamer H. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe an under-recognized complication in the surgical management of dense, nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage, specifically, the development of iatrogenic retinal breaks as a result of cutter-associated traction.

STUDY DESIGN/PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Review of surgical cases with cutter-associated traction from chronic vitreous hemorrhage (CATCH).

RESULTS:
Cutter-associated traction from chronic vitreous hemorrhage is a commonly encountered surgical entity that may result in complications such as iatrogenic retinal breaks, including giant retinal tears. These complications can be minimized or potentially avoided through the use of open sclerotomies or potentially mixed-gauge vitrectomy.

CONCLUSION:
Careful surgical planning in cases of dense or chronic vitreous hemorrhage is required to prevent cutter-associated tractional retinal breaks.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53:584–585.]
Ezrin Promotes Antigen Receptor Diversity during B Cell Development by Supporting Ig H Chain Variable Gene Recombination
Authors: Aysola Varun , Abd Christina , Kuo Alexander H , Gupta Neetu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Genome-level rearrangements of Ig genes during B cell development are critical for generation of a diverse repertoire of BCRs that bind to a multitude of foreign Ags and some self Ags. Bone marrow B cell development involves a variety of cell–cell interactions, cell migration, and receptor signaling that likely benefit from the activity of membrane-cytoskeletal reorganizing proteins. However, the specific contribution of such proteins toward BCR repertoire diversification is poorly understood. Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeletal linker protein that regulates mature B cell activation through spatial organization of the BCR. We employed next-generation sequencing to investigate whether Ezrin plays a role in IgH rearrangements and generation of BCR diversity in developing bone marrow B cells. BCR repertoire development occurred stochastically in B cell progenitors from both control and B cell conditional Ezrin-deficient mice. However, the loss of Ezrin resulted in fewer unique CDRs (CDR3s) in the BCRs and reduced Shannon entropy. Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells revealed similar utilization of joining (J) genes but significantly fewer variable (V) genes, thereby decreasing V-J combinatorial diversity. V-J junctional diversity, measured by CDR3 length and nucleotide additions and deletions, was not altered in Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells. Mechanistically, Ezrin-deficient cells showed a marked decrease in RAG1 gene expression, indicating a less efficient DNA recombination machinery. Overall, our results demonstrate that Ezrin shapes the BCR repertoire through combinatorial diversification.
Educators' Perceptions of Characteristics That Define Athletic Training Student Competence: A Report From the Association for Athletic Training Education Research Network
Authors: Welch Bacon Cailee E. , Cavallario Julie M. , Pike Lacy Alicia M. , Walker Stacy E. , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: October 2022

Context
As health professions education continues to transition toward competency-based education, it is essential that educators have an in-depth understanding of student competence and how it is achieved. However, little is known concerning the perceptions of educators regarding student competence in athletic training.

Objective
To explore athletic training educators' perceptions of student competence.

Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Online survey with open-ended questions.

Patients or Other Participants
In total, 368 of 1577 athletic training educators accessed the survey (23.3% access rate); 327 were included in data analysis because they indicated they served as an athletic training educator at the time of data collection and completed at least 1 open-ended question. Respondents represented athletic training programs in 47 states, and their average age was 41.5 ± 9.4 years.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We used a 10-item survey, including 5 demographic items and 5 open-ended questions to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the demographic variables, while responses to the open-ended questions were coded by a 3-person team following the consensual qualitative research approach. To enhance trustworthiness, an external auditor confirmed the accuracy of the findings following the structured, 4-phase data analysis progression.

Results
Our findings revealed that educators described the meaning of student competence in a variety of ways that ranged between lower-level cognitive learning, midlevel cognitive learning, and high-level cognitive learning. Educators further characterized student competence as being time based or student or skill based or both. Finally, educators perceived that student competence is achieved when a student is ready to practice autonomously yet shared conflicting views on the similarities or differences between student competence and student readiness.

Conclusions
The views and perceptions of student competence varied among athletic training educators. To progress toward competency-based education, our findings highlight the need to establish consensus regarding student competence among educators in athletic training education.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy using Methylene Blue Alone in an Era of Significance of the Depth of Invasion in Oral Cancers
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Susikar Sujay , Hussain Syed Afroze , Bharanidharan T. , Reddy Kishore Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Aim:
To evaluate the accuracy of methylene blue dye alone in identifying sentinel nodes in oral cancers with clinically N0 neck and the significance of the depth of invasion (DOI) in combination with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in predicting nodal metastasis.

Methods:
This is a prospective study done over 24 months accruing 67 patients with cN0 neck admitted to our center for oncology. SLN harvesting was done adhering to the standard procedure using methylene blue dye for all early-stage oral cavity cancers with N0 neck clinically. Data were collected, grouped, and analyzed for deducing DOI, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the procedure and compared with other studies in the literature.

Results:
Out of 67 patients, males (76.1%) outnumbered female (23.9%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 51.5 years. Tongue (61.2%) was the most common site. Sentinel nodes were identified in 89.5% of patients. The mean number of Sentinel nodes identified was 1.9. The mean DOI was 7.3 mm. SLNs were most commonly identified in Level I (78.3%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value and accuracy deduced in this study were 75%, 97.9%, 90%, 94%, and 93.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Methylene blue dye alone can be successfully used for SLN identification in clinically node-negative oral cavity cancers, particularly with less DOI. DOI alone for predicting nodal involvement can be used with caution. Combination of DOI and sentinel node biopsy may help in better identification of nodal involvement.
Comparison of Acoustic Reflex Thresholds Across Different Stimuli
Authors: Devi Neelamegarajan , Murugesan Ajithkumar 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Acoustic reflex (AR) is the contraction in the middle ear muscles in response to severe acoustic stimulation. Thresholds of AR can be obtained using different stimuli and different stimulus parameters. However, the reflexes are often difficult to elicit in hearing-related disorders such as hyperacusis, recruitment, young infants, and children with autism. Comparisons of AR thresholds (ARTs) across different stimuli, such as PT, broadband noise, and clicks at different rates, can provide information on the stimuli optimally used for difficult-to-test populations.

Objective:
The study aimed to estimate and correlate the ARTs elicited by pure-tones (PT), the low-frequency band (low pass [LP]) and high-frequency band (high pass [HP]), wide-band noise (WB), and clicks at different rates.

Materials and Methods:
ARTs using different stimuli like PT of frequencies 500, 1 k, 2 k, 4 k Hz, the low-frequency band (LP) (i.e., noise in the frequency range of 125–1600 Hz), the high-frequency band (HP) (i.e., noise in the frequency range of 1600–4000 Hz), wideband noise (WB) (125–4 kHz), and clicks at different click repetition rates as 50/s, 100/s, 150/s, 200/s, 250/s, and 300 clicks/sec was measured on 50 normal-hearing individuals. The ARTs were documented for both ipsilateral and contralateral recording for all test stimuli.

Results:
The mean ART obtained for 500 Hz PT was between 85 and 95 dB HL, for WB, it was between 80 and 85 dB, and for LP and HP, it was between 75 and 80 dB HL. For click stimulus, a better threshold of 70 dB HL was obtained at 300/s. The mean ART elicited by PT and WB noise was higher than click stimuli. The mean comparison of the ART obtained between PT and WB revealed better thresholds for WB noise. Between WB noise and clicks, better ART was observed for click stimuli. The clicks elicited ART were better than noise stimuli followed by PT. Ipsilateral stimulation yielded better responses than contralateral stimulation for all stimuli.

Discussion:
The mean ART for click stimulus was better because it stimulated a wider frequency range in cochlea than PT, LP, and HP. Even though WB has a wider frequency range than clicks, the mean ART for click stimulus was much better because of a factor called temporal integration, i.e., stimulation at a higher rate (300/s).

Conclusions:
The click stimuli at a higher rate can be used effectively to measure ART's for individuals with lower comfortable levels as it can elicit reflex at lower thresholds.
Gastric Remnant Shape Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Correlates with Weight Loss
Authors: Jobson Dale , Freckelton Julia , Seale Melanie , Chong Lynn , Winter Nicole N. , Read Matthew , Ward Salena , Hii Michael W. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a safe and effective bariatric surgical procedure. Sleeve configuration is believed to be an important outcome of good operative technique, yet the relationship of sleeve shape to clinical outcomes including weight loss and postoperative symptoms is not clearly defined. This study aims to identify whether gastric remnant anatomical shape is associated with short-term postoperative weight loss or symptoms of reflux, regurgitation, or dysphagia.

Methods:
207 LSG patients were identified from a prospective, multicentre unit database who had surgery between June 2015 and June 2019. Routine postoperative upper gastrointestinal gastrograffin contrast studies were performed between postoperative days one to five and analyzed using a standardized protocol. Gastric remnant shape was classified as either tubular, proximal pouch or distal pouch consistent with previous studies. ANOVA Kruskal − Wallis and Mann − Whitney U-tests were performed to determine the effect of gastric remnant anatomy on weight loss. Descriptive statistics examined the symptoms of reflux, regurgitation, and dysphagia.

Results:
Gastric remnant anatomy was classified as tubular in 159/207 (78%), proximal pouch in 15/207 (7%), and distal pouch in 33/207 (16%). Patients with a tubular shape had a significantly greater reduction in median body mass index at 12 months postoperatively compared to those with a proximal pouch (11.3 kg/m2 vs. 10.2 kg/m2, P = 0.01). There was no relationship identified between gastric remnant shape and postoperative reflux, regurgitation, or dysphagia.

Conclusion:
A tubular-shaped gastric remnant is associated with increased weight loss. This suggests that tubular shape should be considered the desired LSG shape for greatest weight loss.