bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of wearable activity monitors to support physical activity interventions in neurodegenerative diseases: a feasibility study
Authors: Shih Hai-Jung Steffi , Quinn Lori , Morgan-Jones Philippa , Long Katrina , Schreier Abigail R. , Friel Ciaran P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of using wearable activity monitors as part of a physical activity (PA) intervention and describe patterns of device weartime and PA behavior in people with Parkinson (PD) and Huntington disease (HD).Materials and MethodsSecondary analyses were conducted on two pilot studies where people with early-stage PD (n=13) and HD (n=14) enrolled in a 4-month PA coaching program. Participants wore a Fitbit Charge 2 and physical and occupational therapists guided them through understanding of PA data and goal-setting to build autonomy and facilitate PA uptake. Wear time, wear habits (delineated based on nighttime wear), and activity metrics including steps, resting heart rate, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) *minutes were analyzed.ResultsRetention rate of the intervention was 85%. Participants had a mean (SD) of 92.3(9.2)% valid wear days over the intervention period. Average daily wear time was 18.4(4.5) hours, with an initial 2-week period of high wear time fluctuation. Regardless of diagnosis, day & night Fitbit wearers had more improvements in steps (d=1.02) and MET*min/week (d=0.69) compared to day-only wearers.ConclusionsImplementing wearable activity monitors in a PA coaching intervention was feasible and provided insight into longitudinal PA behavior in people with neurodegenerative diseases.
Motivational Dysregulation with Melanocortin 4 Receptor Haploinsufficiency
Authors: Steiner Alex M. , Roscoe Robert F. , Booze Rosemarie M. , Mactutus Charles F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObesity, by any standard, is a global health crisis. Both genetic and dietary contributions to the development and maintenance of obesity were integral factors of our experimental design. As mutations of the melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) are the leading monogenetic cause of obesity, MC4R haploinsufficient rats were fed a range of dietary fat (0-12%) in a longitudinal design. Physiological and motivational assessments were performed using a locomotor task, 5-choice sucrose preference task, an operant task with fixed and progressive ratios, as well as a distraction operant task. Dendritic spine morphology of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), cells with ample D1 and D2 receptors, was also assessed. The percentage of lipid deposits in the liver of each rat was also analyzed using the Area Fraction Fractionator probe for stereological measurements. MC4R haploinsufficiency resulted in a phenotypic resemblance for adult-onset obesity that was exacerbated by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Results from the operant tasks indicate that motivational deficits due to MC4R haploinsufficiency were apparent prior to the onset of obesity and exacerbated by dietary fat consumption after obesity was well established. Moreover, MSN morphology shifted to longer spines with smaller head diameters for the MC4R+/- animals under the high-fat diet, suggesting a potential mechanism for the dysregulation of motivation to work for food. Increasing our knowledge of the neural circuitry/mechanisms responsible for the rewarding properties of food has significant implications for understanding energy balance and the development of obesity.
A century of Jordanian architecture: narrating the development of the nation
Authors: Shawash Janset , Marji Noor , Marji Narmeen 
Published: June 2022

PurposeAs the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan celebrates its first centenary, this paper presents a critical reading of the development of architecture in the Kingdom reflecting the transformation of national identity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper achieves this aim by performing an analytical diachronic survey of the main architectural styles and trends that emerged in Jordan and links the architectural styles and trends to four main historical periods that characterize the national temporal trajectory, supported by examples of buildings, projects and architects that represent each period.FindingsThe results show the impacts of different forms of architectural modernism on local practice and explore attempts to create a national architectural identity that range in their ideological drive from Pan-Arabism to Jordanian localism.Originality/valueThe research adds to the discourse on Arab cities and architecture and shows the development of architectural trends in an Arab Muslim country, focusing on the interaction of architectural modernism with local variables. The research aims to supplement literature on Arab architecture with a critical and nuanced historical account of Jordanian architecture in the English language to serve a global audience.
A fully coupled 3D elastohydrodynamic model built with MITC element for static performance analysis of gas foil bearings
Authors: Zhou Zeyuan , Jia Hekun , Yin Bifeng 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to present a 3D static performance analysis model for the gas foil journal bearing to provide better understanding of the gas foil journal bearing and extend the development of the calculation about the static performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The foil bearing can be seen as a shell structure, and the mixed interpolation of tensorial components (MITC) element was used to build the shell model. The augmented Lagrange method was used to calculate the contact involving friction between foils and between the foil and the bearing sleeve. A displacement-controlled load scheme was used to calculate the deformation of the foils. A mapping operator was used to map the film pressure from the gas to the surface of the top foil.

Findings
This method provides high precision of calculation in the prediction of the static performance. The calculation results were compared with the experimental data, and they show good agreement. Meanwhile, the model can be applied in the prediction of the bearing performance in a broad range of working conditions.

Originality/value
This method extends the calculation of the gas foil journal bearing to a 3D scale and shows good agreement with the experimental data. Meanwhile, the present model has a good adaptability on the revolution speed and can be applied to the predictions in varied working conditions.
Factors associated with depression during lockdown in college students who sought psychological consultation
Authors: Benavides Morales Jaime Andrés , López Peláez Jéssica 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the risk factors that affect depression in students who sought psychological consultation during lockdown period in the health department at a university in Colombia.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consisted of 33 students (12 men and 21 women) with a mean age of 21 ± 2.5 years during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Convenience sampling was used. The beck depression inventory-II instrument and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to determine levels of depression and associated risk factors. A Google Form was designed with the respective instruments and sent along with the informed consent by email.

Findings
The results indicated that the population is characterized by presenting a level of mild (24.2%), moderate (15.2%) and severe (21.2%) depression. Concerning the levels of depression and risk factors, a significant difference was found with a history of violence (p-value = 0.000), mainly during childhood and adolescence, as well as objection to psychological therapy, belonging to a medium–high socioeconomic stratum, lack of family support and recent significant losses coupled with the lockdown because of the pandemic, which increased symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation.

Research limitations/implications
This research was conducted using Google Forms, which meant that some questionnaires were incomplete. In addition, this study did not count with the full participation of patients who attended psychological consultation.

Practical implications
Universities should generate programs for early detection of risk factors and prevention of depression in students, which could affect academic performance, school dropout, interpersonal relationships and trigger suicidal ideation. These results can also be applied to reducing family violence, which has increased since the pandemic, by improving students' family dynamics.

Originality/value
Because of the scarce research on this topic in Latin America, this study contributes to mental health in this population. The university becomes a fundamental scenario in which the ability to help students develop an adequate expression of emotions, positive coping strategies and sense of life as protective factors against depression can be enhanced.
Decreased sperm counts in Swedish users of oral tobacco
Authors: Kimblad Agnes , Ollvik Gustav , Lindh Christian H , Axelsson Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmoke‐free tobacco via moist oral snuff (snus) is used daily in more than 20% of Swedish men. Negative effects of cigarette smoking on sperm parameters are well documented, unlike for snuff, despite relevance also for other smoke‐free nicotine products.ObjectivesWe wanted to investigate whether reproductive parameters differed between users and non‐users of snuff, and whether the amount of snuff and nicotine exposure mattered.Materials and methodsMen (n = 613) from the general population, recruited 2000–2010, were physically examined, answered questions on smoking and snuff use, and delivered urine, blood and semen samples. Sperm concentration, total sperm count, semen volume, percent morphologically normal and progressively motile sperm, and DNA fragmentation index (by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) and reproductive hormones were analysed. Nicotine exposure was measured through urinary levels of cotinine. We used general linear models, with adjustments including cigarette smoking, and for semen parameters also abstinence time.ResultsAfter adjustments, total sperm count was 24% lower (P = 0.03) and testosterone 14% higher (P < 0.001) in 109 users of snuff than in non‐users, whereas cotinine was positively associated with testosterone and oestradiol (P < 0.001). Numbers of boxes of snuff used per week were associated with testosterone and FSH (P < 0.001).DiscussionApplied to the general population, the consumption of smoke‐free tobacco by the use of snuff was associated with a lower sperm count and a higher testosterone, for which the extent seemed to play a role.ConclusionsIndependent of smoking, consumption of snuff was associated with lower total sperm count and different hormone levels. Applying these results to a reported association between sperm count and the chance of pregnancy, men who used snuff would have about a 10% lower chance of fathering a child.
Effect of perioperative lignocaine infusion on postoperative pain relief for laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sharma Bimla , Garg Rashi , Sahai Chand , Gupta Anjeleena Kumar , Gera Anjali , Sood Jayashree 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe focus on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and opioid‐free anesthesia has renewed interest in use of lignocaine. We evaluated postoperative pain relief following intravenous (IV) lignocaine administration in patients undergoing laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair (IPOM).MethodsSeventy patients were randomized into two groups. Group L patients were administered IV lignocaine infusion (1.5 mg/kg) at induction of anesthesia followed by infusion (1.5 mg/kg/h), until 1 hour in the post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU). Group P patients received equal volumes of normal saline IV infusion. We recorded hemodynamics, perioperative analgesic consumption, postoperative visual analog scores (VAS), incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), bowel function, patient satisfaction and length of hospital stay (LOS).ResultsThe hemodynamics in both groups were maintained. Group L had lower VAS scores as compared to Group P (P < .05). Intraoperative fentanyl consumption in Group L was significantly less than Group P (P = .029). Group L patients scored lower on the Likert scale in comparison to the patients of Group P at 0 hour (P = .013). Recovery of bowel function as assessed by time to pass first flatus was significantly shortened by IV lignocaine (P = .001). The perioperative administration of IV lignocaine resulted in decreased postoperative analgesic requirement and greater patient satisfaction scores.ConclusionsPerioperative IV lignocaine infusion provided good pain relief, hemodynamic stability and decreased perioperative analgesic consumption. PONV incidence decreased along with an early return of bowel function, reduced LOS and improved patient satisfaction in patients undergoing laparoscopic IPOM surgery.
Frequency of benign neutropenia among Black versus White individuals undergoing a bone marrow assessment
Authors: Borinstein Scott C. , Agamasu David , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Bastarache Lisa , Bagheri Minoo , Davis Lea K. , Roden Dan M. , Michael Stein C. , Van Driest Sara L. , Mosley Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHealthy individuals in the United States identified as having Black race have lower neutrophil counts, on average, than individuals identified as having White race, which could result in more negative diagnostic evaluations for neutropenia. To test this hypothesis, the proportion of evaluations where the final diagnosis was clinically insignificant neutropenia for Black and White individuals who underwent an evaluation by a haematologist that included a bone marrow (BM) biopsy to investigate neutropenia was assessed. 172 individuals without prior haematological diagnoses who underwent a haematological evaluation to investigate neutropenia. Individuals diagnosed with clinically insignificant neutropenia between Black and White individuals were compared using a propensity‐score‐adjusted logistic regression. Of 172 individuals, 42 (24%) were classified as Black race, 86 (50%) were males, and the 79 (46%) were over 18 years old. A BM biopsy did not identify pathology in 95% (40 of 42) of Black individuals and 68% (89 of 130) of White Individuals. Black individuals (25 of 42 [60%]) received a final diagnosis of clinically insignificant neutropenia, compared to White individuals (12 of 130 [9%]) (adjusted odds ratio =7.9, 95% CI: 3.1 – 21.1). We conclude that black individuals were more likely to receive a diagnosis of clinically insignificant neutropenia after haematological assessment.
Contamination effects on sexual selection in wild dung beetles
Authors: Villada‐Bedoya Sebastián , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex , Escobar Federico , González‐Tokman Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSexual selection influences the expression of secondary sexual traits, which are costly to produce and maintain and are thus considered honest indicators of individual condition. Therefore, sexual selection could select for high‐quality individuals able to respond to stressful conditions, with impacts on population‐level fitness. We sampled dung beetles from 19 pastures and investigated if contamination by herbicides and veterinary drugs modifies male investment in sexually selected traits and has associated population‐level effects. We measured horn size, condition dependence (i.e. size‐corrected body mass) and allometry, besides abundance and sexual size dimorphism in three species: Copris incertus, Euoniticellus intermedius and Digitonthophagus gazella. In contrary to our expectations, horn size was independent of contamination and individual condition. However, strong positive allometric relationships were reduced by herbicide contamination for C. incertus and D. gazella and were increased by ivermectin for C. incertus, revealing differential investment in horn production according to body size in contaminated habitats. At the population level, large‐horned C. incertus males were more abundant in contaminated pastures, potentially revealing a case of evolutionary rescue by sexual selection or a plastic response to higher population densities. Finally, chemical compounds affected the sexual size dimorphism of all three species, with potential effects on female fecundity or intrasexual selection. Together, our findings indicate that contamination interferes with sexual selection processes in the wild, opening new questions regarding the role of sexual selection in favouring species persistence in contaminated environments.
The occurrence and feeding of a critically endangered shark species, Oxynotus centrina in the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Gül Güzin , Yokeş Mehmet Baki , Demirel Nazli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe angular roughshark, Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758), is a rarely encountered deep‐sea demersal shark species. It is listed as “Critically Endangered” in the IUCN's regional assessment for the Mediterranean. Like other sharks and rays, the angular roughshark is subject to by‐catch in demersal trawl and longline fisheries. This study contributes new knowledge on (a) its occurrence, size and sex information; and (b) its feeding ecology in the Sea of Marmara. Data were collected on total length (TL), total weight (TW) and sex from unpublished research survey reports performed intermittently from 1994 to 2020. According to the data, O. centrina was mainly recorded from the muddy sand bottom type in the southwest region of the Marmara Sea, which has higher biodiversity of macrobenthic species than other regions. Different methodological approaches were conducted to understand its feeding, such as DNA metabarcoding and isotope analysis to identify its prey spectra and assign a trophic level. Sampled specimens were full of liquid in their stomachs without any discernible visually identifiable prey items. The metabarcoding analyses were also unsuccessful in identifying any prey items. Trophic position calculation based on nitrogen isotope in muscles highlighted that O. centrina has the highest trophic position compared to the other sharks and rays in the Sea of Marmara. Although it was found mainly feeding on polychaetes and sipunculids species from previous studies, the δ15N values made the authors cautious about the possibility of this species feeding on low trophic‐level benthic invertebrates. Because the authors could not observe the presence of shark vitellus in the stomachs and could not succeed in DNA identification for prey, this study highlights high δ15N values similar to top predators for O. centrina. The authors conclude that this species strategically feeds mainly on shark eggs to fulfil its nutritional requirements with minimum energy expenditure in line with its slow‐moving behaviour and mouth morphology.
Identification of virus infections of European eels intended for stocking measures
Authors: Danne Linna , Adamek Mikolaj , Wonnemann Hubert , Pieper Theresa , Fey Daniel , Hellmann John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe spread of viral diseases in eels is suggested to severely affect the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) panmictic population. The European Commission has initiated the Eel Recovery Plan (Council Regulation No. 1100/2007) to try to return the European eel stock to more sustainable levels within that measures eel restocking. However, scientific evidence evaluating the efficacy of stocking remains scarce. In addition, knowledge about the impact and contribution of eel stocking on the distribution of infectious diseases is insufficient. In this study, we aimed to investigate virus infections in batches of eels intended for restocking. We analysed samples of glass eels from certified fisheries and farmed European eels from different aquaculture farms. All analysed eels were purchased within a North Rhine Westphalian conservation program. Via a combination of cell culture and qPCR‐based techniques, we detected infections of glass eels with the rhabdovirus Eel Virus European X and anguillid herpesvirus 1 infections in farmed eels (10–15 cm).
Antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance in chicken, cattle, and sheep origin E. coli and whole‐genome sequencing analysis of a multidrug‐resistant E. coli O100:H25 strain
Authors: Cufaoglu Gizem , Cengiz Gorkem , Onaran Acar Bahar , Yesilkaya Busra , Ayaz Naim Deniz , Levent Gizem , Goncuoglu Muammer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance profiles of E. coli and E. coli O157 isolates were determined, and whole‐genome sequencing of a multidrug‐resistant E. coli O100:H25 strain was reported. A total of 70 E. coli isolated from chicken neck skin and sheep cecum samples, and 32 E. coli O157 strains isolated from cattle carcass, sheep carcass, and slaughterhouse wastewater samples were explored. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of one antibiotics, eight heavy metals, and three disinfectants were determined by the broth microdilution method. Twenty of those isolates exhibiting high MIC values against compounds tested were further analyzed by PCR for the presence of relevant resistance genes (n = 42). The majority of the isolates tested were resistant to erythromycin and/or fosfomycin (99% and 78%, respectively) and 89% of the isolates were multidrug‐resistant. Among the heavy metals, and disinfectants that were quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) tested, the highest prevalence of resistance was observed against nickel (71%) and followed by zinc (62%), and N‐alkyl‐dimethyl‐benzyl‐ammonium chloride (26%). While blaAmpC, ermC, murA, and aadA were the most abundant antibiotic resistance genes, rcnA and zntA, and mdfA, sugE (c), and ydg(F) were also commonly observed as heavy metal and disinfectant genes, respectively. Additionally, whole‐genome sequencing was performed for a single multidrug‐resistant strain (E. coli P91). This strain was identified as serotype O100:H25, and harbored three Inc class plasmids and ant(2″)‐Ia, aph(3′)‐Ia, aph(3″)‐Ib, aph(6)‐Id, blaTEM‐1A, dfrA5, mdf(A), sul1, sul2, and tet(A) genes along with the various heavy metal and disinfectant related genes. The findings of the study show that both phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance are highly prevalent in E. coli isolates that originated from food‐producing animals. The use of antimicrobials in food‐producing animals needs to be carefully evaluated since the coexistence of antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance genes may result in a coselection that yields the emergence and spread of highly persistent and resistant strains in agricultural settings.