bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of cytopathology with molecular tests to improve the lab diagnosis for TBLN suspected patients
Authors: Atnafu Abay , Desta Kassu , Girma Selfu , Hailu Dawit , Assefa Gebeyehu , Araya Shambel , Bekele Dinksira , Wassie Liya , Bobosha Kidist 
Published: March 2022

Background
Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (TBLN) diagnosis is often challenging in most resource poor settings. Often cytopathologic diagnosis of TBLN suspected patients is inconclusive impeding timely clinical management of TBLN suspected patients, further exposing suspected patients either for unnecessary use of antibiotics or empirical treatment. This may lead to inappropriate treatment outcome or more suffering of suspected patients from the disease. In this study, an integrated diagnostic approach has been evaluated to elucidate its utility in the identification of TBLN suspected patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 clinically diagnosed TBLN suspected patients, where fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples were collected at the time of diagnosis. FNA cytology, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), Auramine O (AO) staining, GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Real time PCR (RT-PCR) were performed on concentrated FNA samples. Considering culture as a gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Cohen’s Kappa value was used to measure interrater variability and level of agreement and a P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result
Out of the 96 FNA sample, 12 (12.5%) were identified to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using ZN staining, 27 (28.1%) using AO staining, 51 (53.2%) using FNAC, 43 (44.7%) using GeneXpert MTB/RIF, 51 (53.1%) using Real time PCR (RT-PCR) and 36 (37.5%) using Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture. Compared to LJ culture, the sensitivities of GeneXpert MTB/RIF, RT-PCR, and FNAC were 91.7%, 97.2%, and 97.2%, respectively and the specificities were 83.3%, 73.3%, and 68.3%, respectively. GeneXpert MTB/RIF and RT-PCR when combined with FNAC detected 61 (63.5%) cases as having Mtb, and the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 58.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
FNA cytology and RT-PCR detected more TBLN cases compared to other Mtb detection tools and the detection sensitivity even improved when FNA cytology was combined with GeneXpert MTB/RIF, performed on concentrated FNA sample, suggesting the combined tests as an alternative approach for improved diagnosis of TBLN.
Comparing amniotic fluid mass spectrometry assays and amniocyte gene analyses for the prenatal diagnosis of methylmalonic aciduria
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Chen Zhehui , Kang Lulu , He Ruxuan , Song Jinqing , Liu Yi , Shi Chunyan , Chen Junya , Dong Hui , Zhang Yao , Ma Yanyan , Wu Tongfei , Wang Qiao , Ding Yuan , Li Xiyuan , Li Dongxiao , Li Mengqiu , Jin Ying , Qin Jiong , Yang Yanling 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMethylmalonic aciduria (MMA), a rare inherited disorder, is the most common organic aciduria in China, and prenatal diagnosis has contributed to its prevention. However, the prenatal diagnosis of MMA using cultured amniocytes or chorionic villi to detect gene mutations is exclusively applicable to families with a definite genetic diagnosis. To evaluate the reliability of mass spectrometry assays for the prenatal diagnosis of MMA, we conducted a retrospective study of our 10 years’ experience.Materials and methodsThis retrospective compare study reviewed the medical records for maternal and fetuses data for 287 mothers with a family history of MMA from June 2010 to December 2020. Methylmalonate and propionylcarnitine in cell-free amniotic fluid were measured using a stable isotope dilution method (GC/MS) and MS/MS-based method (LC/MS/MS). Total homocysteine (tHcy) was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Depending on the presence of disease-causing gene mutations in probands, gene studies on amniocytes from 222 pregnant women were performed.ResultsFor 222 fetuses of the families with definite genetic diagnosis, gene analyses were performed using cultured amniocytes. 52 fetuses were affected by MMA, whereas 170 were “unaffected”. For GC/MS and LC/MS/MS, the specificity was 96.5% and 95.9%, sensitivity was 71.2% and 84.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 86.0% and 91.6% and 86.3% and 95.3%, respectively. Propionylcarnitine/butyrylcarnitine ratio showed the highest accuracy and could thus serve as a sensitive indicator to identify those at a risk for MMA. When GC/MS and LC/MS/MS were performed in parallel, the specificity was 92.5% and sensitivity was 95.6%. When evaluating tHcy, the positive and negative predictive values were 95.0% and 96.1%, respectively. In 65 fetuses without family genetic diagnosis, 11 were finally confirmed to have MMA and 54 were “unaffected” by amniotic fluid biochemical assays. The 54 children showed normal urine organic acids and healthy development after birth.ConclusionsAmniotic fluid biochemical assays using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS in parallel increased the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of MMA. Propionylcarnitine is a more reliable marker than methylmalonic acid in amniotic fluid. Further, tHcy is recommended for the prenatal diagnosis of combined MMA and homocysteinemia.
Structural equation model of psychological constructs of transtheoretical model, motives for physical activity, and amount of physical activity among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia
Authors: Hidrus Aizuddin , Kueh Yee Cheng , Norsa’adah Bachok , Kim YoungHo , Chang Yu-Kai , Kuan Garry 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed determine the structural relationship between psychological constructs of the transtheoretical model (TTM; processes of change, decisional balance, and exercise self-efficacy), motives for physical activity (PA), and amount of PA among Malaysians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodAll participants were recruited from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using a cross-sectional study design with purposive) sampling method. A total of 331 participants were recruited for the present study. Before participation in the study, they were informed that participation in the study was totally voluntary. Those who agreed to participate voluntarily were required to complete the self-administered questionnaire set, which included the processes of change, decisional balance, exercise self-efficacy, physical activity and leisure motivation, and international physical activity questionnaires. Data analysis of structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus 8.ResultsFrom the 331 participants, most of whom were male (52%) and Malay (89.4%), with a mean age of 62.6 years (standard deviation = 10.29). The final structural equation model fit the data well based on several fit indices [Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.059, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.953, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.925, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.031]. A total of 16 significant path relationships linked between the TTM, motives for PA, and amount of PA.ConclusionThe pros of decisional balance, others’ expectations, and psychological condition were constructs that directly affected PA, whereas the other constructs had a significant indirect relationship with the amount of PA. A positive mindset is crucial in deciding a behavioral change toward an active lifestyle in people with T2DM.
Pregnancy loss and risk of multiple sclerosis and autoimmune neurological disorder: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mikkelsen Anders Pretzmann , Egerup Pia , Kolte Astrid Marie , Westergaard David , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Lidegaard Øjvind 
Published: March 2022

Background
The loss of one or more pregnancies before viability (i.e. pregnancy loss or miscarriage), has been linked to an increased risk of diseases later in life such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Recurrent pregnancy loss (i.e. three consecutive pregnancy losses) and multiple sclerosis have both been linked to immunological traits, which could predispose to both occurrences. The objective of the current study was to investigate if pregnancy loss is associated with later autoimmune neurological disease.

Methods
This register-based cohort study, included the Danish female population age 12 or older between 1977–2017. Women were grouped hierarchically: 0, 1, 2, ≥3 pregnancy losses, primary recurrent pregnancy loss (i.e. not preceded by a delivery), and secondary recurrent pregnancy loss (i.e. preceded by a delivery). The main outcome was multiple sclerosis and additional outcomes were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenia gravis. Bayesian Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios [IRR] and 95% credible intervals [CI] adjusted for year, age, live births, family history of an outcome, and education.

Results
After 40,380,194 years of follow-up, multiple sclerosis was diagnosed among 7,667 out of 1,513,544 included women (0.5%), median age at diagnosis 34.2 years (IQR 27.4–41.4 years), and median age at symptom onset 31.2 years (IQR 24.8–38.2). The adjusted IRR of multiple sclerosis after 1 pregnancy loss was: 1.03 (95% CI 0.95–1.11), 2 losses: 1.02 (95% CI 0.86–1.20), ≥3 non-consecutive losses: 0.81 (95% CI 0.51–1.24), primary recurrent pregnancy loss: 1.18 (95% CI 0.84–1.60), secondary recurrent pregnancy loss: 1.16 (95% CI 0.81–1.63), as compared to women with no pregnancy losses. Seven sensitivity analyses and analyses for additional outcomes did not show significantly elevated adjusted risk estimates.

Conclusions
In this nationwide study, pregnancy loss was not significantly associated with autoimmune neurological disorder.
Impact of ACA implementation on health related quality of life among those with depressive disorders in the United States: A secondary data analysis of the 2011-2017 BRFSS
Authors: Mazurek Kathryn , Xue Wei , Beldon Marissa 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The passage of the Affordable Care Act in the US resulted in more Americans with health insurance coverage as well as expanded health benefits. However, barriers in accessing health care still exist in the US especially as it relates to some of the most vulnerable Americans including those with depressive disorders. The purpose of this cross-sectional secondary data analysis was to examine the differences in health-related quality of life for individuals with depressive disorders in early years of the implementation of the Affordable Care Act as compared to later years of implementation.

Methods
This study used a repeated cross-sectional design that pooled data from the 2011–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System which is a nationally representative survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. population. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the before and after impact of the Affordable Care Act on health related quality of life for those with depressive disorders.

Results
Those with depressive disorders in early years of implementation of the Affordable Care Act were less likely to report 14 or more days of poor physical health (AOR  =  0.96; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98), were less likely to report 14 or more days of poor mental health (AOR  =  0.93; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.94), and less likely to report 14 or more days of overall poor physical and mental health (AOR  =  0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96) as opposed to later years of implementation.

Conclusions
Our results indicate poorer health related quality of life for those with depressive disorders in later years of implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Despite expanded mental health benefits under the Affordable Care Act, those benefits do not always translate into improved access or improved patient-reported outcomes. The federal government needs to comprehensively address mental health services in order to improve patient-reported outcomes and mental health treatment for those with depression.
Experimental Filmmaking and Punk: Feminist Audio Visual Culture in the 1970s and 1980s, Rachel Garfield (2022)
Authors: Forster Tim 
Published: March 2022

Review of: Experimental Filmmaking and Punk: Feminist Audio Visual Culture in the 1970s and 1980s, Rachel Garfield (2022)
London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78831-399-5, h/bk, £75
Rumusan Program Membership, Poin Rewards dan Email Marketing untuk Meningkatkan Loyalitas Pelanggan: Studi pada Semanis Kamu Cafe
Authors: Pudjianingrum Puspa Ayu Aprillia , Barkah Cecep Safa’atul , Herawaty Tetty , Auliana Lina 
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes marketing strategies to increase customer loyalty. Customer loyalty can be used as a measure of a customer's level of loyalty to a particular product or brand. The higher the level of customer loyalty will increase the number of active customers who make transactions. Semanis Kamu Cafe reported that based on the update data in May only 40 percent of the number of transactions are active buyers or customers who make transactions. Meanwhile, the management targets active buyers to reach 50 percent of the number of transactions. Therefore, the author wants to propose a marketing strategy that can increase customer loyalty. This research resulted in three program proposals, namely membership using member cards, rewards points, and email marketing. The proposed program is expected to increase customer loyalty Semanis Kamu Cafe.Paper ini menganalisis mengenai strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan. Loyalitas pelanggan dapat digunakan sebagai suatu ukuran tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap suatu produk atau brand tertentu. Semakin tinggi tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan akan meningkatkan jumlah pelanggan aktif yang melakukan transaksi. Semanis Kamu Cafe melaporkan bahwa berdasarkan data keterkinian pada bulan Mei hanya 40 persen dari jumlah transaksi merupakan pembeli aktif atau pelanggan yang melakukan transaksi. Sementara, pihak pengelola menargetkan pembeli aktif mencapai 50 persen dari jumlah transaksi. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengusulkan suatu strategi pemasaran yang dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan tiga usulan program yaitu membership menggunakan member card, poin rewards, dan email marketing. Usulan program tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan Semanis Kamu Cafe.
Statistics in diagnostic medicine
Authors: Schlattmann Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This tutorial gives an introduction into statistical methods for diagnostic medicine. The validity of a diagnostic test can be assessed using sensitivity and specificity which are defined for a binary diagnostic test with known reference or gold standard. As an example we use Procalcitonin with a cut off value ≥ 0.5 g/L as a test and Sepsis-2 criteria as a reference standard for the diagnosis of sepsis. Next likelihood ratios are introduced which combine the information given by sensitivity and specificity. For these measures the construction of confidence intervals is demonstrated. Then, we introduce predictive values using Bayes’ theorem. Predictive values are sometimes difficult to communicate. This can be improved using natural frequencies which are applied to our example. Procalcitonin is actually a continuous biomarker, hence we introduce the use of receiver operator curves (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC). Finally we discuss sample size estimation for diagnostic studies. In order to show how to apply these concepts in practice we explain how to use the freely available software R.
Degeneration of curves on some polarized toric surfaces
Authors: Christ Karl , He Xiang , Tyomkin Ilya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We address the following question:
Given a polarized toric surface

(
S
,
L
)

{(S,{\mathcal{L}})}

, and a general integral curve C of geometric genus g in the linear system

|
L
|

{|{\mathcal{L}}|}

, do there exist degenerations of C in

|
L
|

{|{\mathcal{L}}|}

to general integral curves of smaller geometric genera? We give an affirmative answer to this question for surfaces associated to h-transverse polygons, provided that the characteristic of the ground field is large enough. We give examples of surfaces in small characteristic, for which the answer to the question is negative. In case the answer is affirmative, we deduce that a general curve C as above is nodal. In characteristic 0, we use the result to show the irreducibility of Severi varieties of a large class of polarized toric surfaces with h-transverse polygon.
Highly Skilled International Migration, STEM Workers, and Innovation
Authors: Bongers Anelí , Díaz-Roldán Carmen , Torres José L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article studies the implications of highly skilled labor international migration in a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The model considers three types of workers: Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics (STEM) workers, non-STEM college educated workers, and non-college educated workers. Aggregate productivity in each economy is a function of innovations, which can be produced only by STEM workers. The model predicts (i) the existence of a wage premium of STEM workers relative to non-STEM college educated workers, (ii) the skill wage premium is higher in the destination country and increases with positive technological shocks, (iii) a reduction in migration costs increases output, wages, and total labor in the destination country, with opposite effects in the country of origin, and (iv) high skilled immigrants reduce skilled native labor and do not affect unskilled labor. Finally, a migration policy designed to attract STEM workers generates similar effects to a positive aggregate productivity shock.
Eine Nation, „una di memorie, di sangue e di cor“? Das antike Sizilien und die Magna Graecia in der italienischen Altertumsforschung des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Lupi Elisabetta 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz behandelt die nationalistische Vereinnahmung der antiken Geschichte Italiens in den Schriften von Gelehrten und Historikern des 19. Jahrhunderts, die auf der Suche nach den Ursprüngen der italienischen Nation und damit der Fundierung einer überregionalen Identität in den antiken Kulturen der Halbinsel waren. Während die Forschung zur neuzeitlichen Ursprungsrhetorik die nationalen Identifikationsmythen (Rom, Etrusker, italische Völker) und ihre ideologischen Komponenten umfassend untersucht hat, befasst sich dieser Beitrag mit der neuzeitlichen Darstellung der griechischen Vergangenheit Süditaliens, deren Zugehörigkeit zur Geschichte des Nationalstaates bis in die Zeit nach der Vereinigung aufgrund der nicht einheimischen Herkunft der Siedler problematisch blieb. In dem Aufsatz werden zwei neuzeitliche Diskurse über die griechische Ansiedlung in Magna Graecia und auf Sizilien unterschieden: der Ausgrenzungs- und der Integrationsdiskurs. Während Ersterer die Griechen als Fremdvölker und Invasoren versteht, begründet Letzterer die Identität der südlichen Regionen und ihre Anbindung an die Nation mit der kulturellen Bedeutung ihrer griechischen Vergangenheit. Der Beitrag beleuchtet dabei insbesondere die ideologischen Implikationen der Forschung von Ettore Pais und stellt die Kontinuitätslinien zwischen dem Antiquarianismus und der Altertumswissenschaft des 19. Jahrhunderts heraus.
Zwischen Ritualkulturen. Die Taufe in der frühneuzeitlichen Chinamission
Authors: Amsler Nadine 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Geschichte der frühneuzeitlichen Jesuitenmission in China ist in jüngster Zeit vermehrt aus einer chinesischen Perspektive beleuchtet worden. Dabei haben mehrere Studien auf die innere Vielfalt des Phänomens des „chinesischen Christentums“ hingewiesen. Der vorliegende Artikel nähert sich diesem Phänomen über das Ritual der Taufe. Er schlägt vor, dieses missionarische „Kernritual“ nicht nur als Teil der katholischen, sondern auch der chinesischen Ritualkultur zu lesen und deren Verschränkungen in den Blick zu nehmen. Der Artikel beleuchtet verschiedene zeitgenössische Perspektiven auf das Taufritual, darunter jene von Missionaren und katholischen Literati, von einfachen Menschen, die auf der Suche nach effektiven Ritualen waren, sowie von chinesischen Gegnern der Jesuiten, die das Christentum der Heterodoxie verdächtigten. Es wird gezeigt, welche Wirkungen diese verschiedenen Gruppen der Taufe zuschrieben und welche Konsequenzen dies für ihr Verständnis des Christentums hatte. Abschließend skizziert der Artikel anhand des Taufrituals, wie die Unterschiede zwischen katholischer und chinesischer Ritualkultur – etwa der unterschiedliche Grad ritueller Normierung und die unterschiedliche Gewichtung von ritueller Orthodoxie und ritueller Orthopraxie – sich auf das Christentum in China auswirkten. Er zeigt, dass eine Analyse der Einbettung des chinesischen Christentums in verschiedene Ritualkulturen helfen kann, neue Perspektiven auf klassische Themen der katholischen Chinamission wie die jesuitische Akkommodation und den Ritenstreit zu entwickeln.
Infrastruktur, Raum, Deutungsmacht. Der Nord-Ostsee-Kanal als Handelsroute, Bedrohungs- und Verteidigungsraum (1895–1955)
Authors: Laucht Christoph 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel untersucht das bisher von der Geschichtswissenschaft vernachlässigte Verhältnis von Infrastruktur, Raum und Deutungsmacht am Beispiel des Nord-Ostsee-Kanals zwischen 1895 und 1955. Die treibende Kraft hinter dieser wechselseitigen Dreiecksbeziehung war der Widerstreit militärischer und ökonomischer Interpretationsmuster der Wasserstraße als militärischer Bedrohungs- bzw. Verteidigungsraum und europäische Handelsroute. Von der Eröffnung des Kanals 1895 bis 1942 existierten die konkurrierenden Deutungsmuster der multilateralen Handelsinfrastruktur und des national-bilateralen Bedrohungsraums für britische Sicherheitsinteressen nebeneinander her. Dabei dominierte über weite Strecken das öffentlichkeitswirksame Deutungsschema des Bedrohungsraums gegenüber dem ‚stillen‘ Narrativ der Handelsroute. Im Kontext der Deutschlandfrage, wie sie die Alliierten im Zeitraum von 1943 bis 1947 verhandelten, traten Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen beiden Interpretationsmustern offen zutage. Seit 1948 entwickelten sich beide Narrative dann in einem zusehends multilateralen Kontext fort, wobei das Interpretationsschema der Handelsroute die Oberhand gewann. Gleichzeitig wandelte sich das Konzept des national-bilateralen Bedrohungsraums vor dem Hintergrund des frühen Kalten Kriegs zu einem multilateralen Verteidigungsraum gegen einen möglichen sowjetischen Angriff auf Westeuropa unter dem Dach des Nordatlantikpakts (NATO). Der Untersuchungszeitraum endet mit der Teilsouveränität und dem NATO-Beitritt der Bundesrepublik 1955.
Reconstructing the Past, Enhancing the Traces from Frescos
Authors: Verdiani Giorgio , Charalambous Alexia , Corsini Federica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Architectures are always subject to transformation in time. When a historical building is seen by a tourist or by an occasional visitor, it appears like a complete and final artefact, showing its main characteristics like a clear example of a style or of an artistic phase. This interpretation may turn out to be mostly a simplification, while the building is often the result of a large set of interventions in time. It is the case of a large number of main and secondary architectures, changed according to the mutation of needs and tastes. In Fabriano, in central-eastern Italy, the St. Venanzio Church (later Cathedral) was subject to a significant transformation of the apse interiors during the XVII century, with the demolition of the original chapels’ asset and their replacement by a larger unitarian space behind the main altar.
This intervention has afflicted all the frescos that were the decoration of those chapels, they were partially deleted by the new masonry works, covered by paint, or walled in the new shape of the church. Since its early discovery, this patrimony has received various restorations. The research for a virtual reconstruction was based on a detailed digital survey of the building.