bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and High‐Purity Sound Frequency Conversion with a Passive Linear Metasurface
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Chengbo , Ni Jincheng , Ding Yujiang , Weng Jingkai , Liang Bin , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Cheng Jian‐Chun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the significance for wave physics and potential applications, high‐efficiency frequency conversion of low‐frequency waves cannot be achieved with conventional nonlinearity‐based mechanisms with poor mode purity, conversion efficiency, and real‐time reconfigurability of the generated harmonic waves in both optics and acoustics. Rotational Doppler effect provides an intuitive paradigm to shifting the frequency in a linear system which, however, needs a spiral‐phase change upon the wave propagation. Here a rotating passive linear vortex metasurface is numerically and experimentally presented with close‐to‐unity mode purity (>93%) and high conversion efficiency (>65%) in audible sound frequency as low as 3000 Hz. The topological charge of the transmitted sound is almost immune from the rotational speed and transmissivity, demonstrating the mechanical robustness and stability in adjusting the high‐performance frequency conversion in situ. These features enable the researchers to cascade multiple vortex metasurfaces to further enlarge and diversify the extent of sound frequency conversion, which are experimentally verified. This strategy takes a step further toward the freewheeling sound manipulation at acoustic frequency domain, and may have far‐researching impacts in various acoustic communications, signal processing, and contactless detection.
Research on the Influence of the Interfacial Properties Between a Cu3BiS3 Film and an InxCd1−xS Buffer Layer for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Zhao Weidong , Hu Yucheng , Xiao Guohong , Ni Huanyang , Ikeda Shigeru , Ng Yunhau , Jiang Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ternary compound photovoltaic semiconductor Cu3BiS3 thin film‐based photoelectrode demonstrates a quite promising potential for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. The presented high onset potential of 0.9 VRHE attracts much attention and shows that the Cu3BiS3 thin films are quite good as an efficient solar water splitting photoelectrode. However, the CdS buffer does not fit the Cu3BiS3 thin film: the conduction band offset between CdS and Cu3BiS3 reaches 0.7 eV, and such a high conduction band offset (CBO) significantly increases the interfacial recombination ratio and is the main reason for the relatively low photocurrent of the Cu3BiS3/CdS photoelectrode. In this study, the InxCd1−xS buffer layer is found to be significantly lowered the CBO of CBS/buffer and that the In incorporation ratio of the buffer influences the CBO value of the CBS/buffer. The Pt‐TiO2/In0.6Cd0.4S/Cu3BiS3 photocathode exhibits an appreciable photocurrent density of ≈12.20 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE with onset potential of more than 0.9 VRHE, and the ABPE of the Cu3BiS3‐based photocathode reaches the highest value of 3.13%. By application of the In0.6Cd0.4S buffer, the Cu3BiS3‐BiVO4 tandem cell presents a stable and excellent unbiased STH of 2.57% for over 100 h.
Phylogenomics and plastome evolution of a Brazilian mycoheterotrophic orchid, Pogoniopsis schenckii
Authors: Klimpert Nathaniel J. , Mayer Juliana Lischka Sampaio , Sarzi Deise Schroder , Prosdocimi Francisco , Pinheiro Fábio , Graham Sean W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremisePogoniopsis likely represents an independent photosynthesis loss in orchids. We use phylogenomic data to better identify the phylogenetic placement of this fully mycoheterotrophic taxon, and investigate its molecular evolution.MethodsWe performed likelihood analysis of plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomic data to localize the position of Pogoniopsis schenckii in orchid phylogeny, and investigated the evolution of its plastid genome.ResultsAll analyses place Pogoniopsis in subfamily Epidendroideae, with strongest support from mitochondrial data, which also place it near tribe Sobralieae with moderately strong support. Extreme rate elevation in Pogoniopsis plastid genes broadly depresses branch support; in contrast, mitochondrial genes are only mildly rate elevated and display very modest and localized reductions in bootstrap support. Despite considerable genome reduction, including loss of photosynthesis genes and multiple translation apparatus genes, gene order in Pogoniopsis plastomes is identical to related autotrophs, apart from moderately shifted inverted repeat (IR) boundaries. All cis‐spliced introns have been lost in retained genes. Two plastid genes (accD, rpl2) show significant strengthening of purifying selection. A retained plastid tRNA gene (trnE‐UUC) of Pogoniopsis lacks an anticodon; we predict that it no longer functions in translation but retains a secondary role in heme biosynthesis.ConclusionsSlowly evolving mitochondrial genes clarify the placement of Pogoniopsis in orchid phylogeny, a strong contrast with analysis of rate‐elevated plastome data. We documented the effects of the novel loss of photosynthesis: for example, despite massive gene loss, its plastome is fully colinear with other orchids, and it displays only moderate shifts in selective pressure in retained genes.
Functional traits mediate individualistic species‐environment distributions at broad spatial scales while fine‐scale species associations remain unpredictable
Authors: Beck Jared J. , Li Daijiang , Johnson Sarah E. , Rogers David , Cameron Kenneth M. , Sytsma Kenneth J. , Givnish Thomas J. , Waller Donald M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseNumerous processes influence plant distributions and co‐occurrence patterns, including ecological sorting, limiting similarity, and stochastic effects. To discriminate among these processes and determine the spatial scales at which they operate, we investigated how functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness influence the distribution of temperate forest herbs.MethodsWe surveyed understory plant communities across 257 forest stands in Wisconsin and Michigan (USA) and applied Bayesian phylogenetic linear mixed‐effects models (PGLMMs) to quantify how functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness influence the environmental distribution of 139 herbaceous plant species along broad edaphic, climatic, and light gradients. These models also allowed us to test how functional and phylogenetic similarity affect species co‐occurrence within microsites.ResultsLeaf height, specific leaf area, and seed mass all influenced individualistic plant distributions along landscape‐scale gradients in soil texture, soil fertility, light availability, and climate. In contrast, phylogenetic relationships did not consistently predict species‐environment relationships. Neither functionally similar nor phylogenetically related herbs segregated among microsites within forest stands.ConclusionsTrait‐mediated ecological sorting appears to drive temperate‐forest community assembly, generating individualistic plant distributions along regional environmental gradients. This finding links classic studies in plant ecology and prior research in plant physiological ecology to current trait‐based approaches in community ecology. However, our results fail to support the common assumption that limiting similarity governs local plant co‐occurrences. Strong ecological sorting among forest stands coupled with stochastic fine‐scale interactions among species appear to weaken deterministic, niche‐based assembly processes at local scales.
Lehren aus dem Gruppieren von Chemikalien zur Bewertung der Risiken für die Gesundheit des Menschen
Authors: Wohlleben Wendel , Mehling Annette , Landsiedel Robert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnalog zum Periodensystem, das Elemente nach ihrer Ähnlichkeit der Strukturen und chemischen Eigenschaften gruppiert, kann die Gefahr chemischer Stoffe in Gruppen mit ähnlichen Strukturen und ähnlichen toxikologischen Eigenschaften bewertet werden. Im Folgenden werden Fallbeispiele zu Gruppierungsstrategien vorgestellt, welche die Bewertungen von Gefahr, Exposition und Risiko für die menschliche Gesundheit unterstützen. Sowohl unter EU‐REACh als auch im US‐TSCA New Chemicals Programm ist in der Regel die strukturelle Ähnlichkeit die Grundlage für eine Gruppierungt. Allerdings ist dieses Kriterium nicht immer angemessen und ausreichend. Auf der Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse leiten wir zehn Grundsätze für die Gruppierung ab, darunter: die transparente Darstellung des Zwecks der Gruppierung, die Definition der Kriterien für eine Gruppierung und die Grenzen der Gruppen, eine dieEinbeziehung oder der Ausschluss eines Stoffs in oder aus einer Gruppe aufgrund toxikologischer Eigenschaften und eine Begründung der Zuordnung durch robuste Daten aus angemessenen Methoden. Diese Grundsätze gelten sowohl für eine erste Gruppierung zur Priorisierung weiterer Maßnahmen als auch für die endgültige Gruppierung zur Gewinnung von Daten für die Risikobewertung. Beides kann ein effektives Risikomanagement forcieren.
Quasi‐Gleichgewichtsbedingungen verringern den Einfluss der Substratdiffusion bei katalytischen Biosensoren
Authors: Muhs Anna , Bobrowski Tim , Lielpētere Anna , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrotz des Erfolgs von Systemen zur kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung, die etwa 14 Tage lang durch die Haut funktionieren, stehen implantierbare Biosensoren vor Herausforderungen, die durch die Fremdkörperreaktion des Körpers verursacht werden. Wir stellen eine konzeptionell neue Strategie vor, die katalytische enzymbasierte Biosensoren verwendet und auf einer Messsequenz basiert, die zu einer minimalen Störung der Substratgleichgewichtskonzentration führt, indem der Sensor zwischen einem “Ein”‐ und “Aus”‐Zustand geschaltet wird, kombiniert mit einer kurzen potentiometrischen Datenerfassung. Voraussetzung ist, dass die Enzymaktivität vollständig abgeschaltet werden kann und keine parasitären Nebenreaktionen einen Substratumsatz ermöglichen. Dies wird durch Verwendung einer O2‐unabhängigen, FAD‐abhängigen Glukosedehydrogenase erreicht, die in ein vernetztes Redoxpolymer eingebettet ist. Ein kurzes Messintervall ermöglicht eine schnelle Wiederherstellung der Glukosegleichgewichtskonzentration, so dass der Biosensor unter Quasigleichgewichtsbedingungen arbeiten kann.
Discerning the Contributions of Gold Species in Butadiene Hydrogenation: From Single Atoms to Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Fan , Wang Mengru , Mou Xiaoling , Liu Shuhui , Jiang Zheng , Liu Wei , Lin Ronghe , Ding Yunjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentification of the roles of different active sites is vital for the rational design of catalysts. We present a cutting‐edge strategy to discern the contributions of different single‐atom gold species and nanoparticles in 1,3‐butadiene hydrogenation, through coupling of advanced spectroscopic techniques, electron microscopy‐based automated image analyses, and steady‐state and kinetic studies. While all the carbon‐hosted single gold atoms display negligible initial activity, the in situ‐evolved gold nanoparticles are highly active. Full metal‐species quantification is realized by combining electron‐microscopy‐based atom recognition statistics and deep‐learning‐driven nanoparticle segmentation algorithm, allowing the structure–activity correlations for the hybrid catalysts containing different Au architectures to be established. Surface exposure density of Au nanoparticles, as revealed by electron‐microscopy‐based statistics, is revealed as a new and reliable activity descriptor.
Catalytic Biosensors Operating under Quasi‐Equilibrium Conditions for Mitigating the Changes in Substrate Diffusion
Authors: Muhs Anna , Bobrowski Tim , Lielpētere Anna , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the success of continuous glucose measuring systems operating through the skin for about 14 days, long‐term implantable biosensors are facing challenges caused by the foreign‐body reaction. We present a conceptually new strategy using catalytic enzyme‐based biosensors based on a measuring sequence leading to minimum disturbance of the substrate equilibrium concentration by controlling the sensor between “on” and “off” state combined with short potentiometric data acquisition. It is required that the enzyme activity can be completely switched off and no parasitic side reactions allow substrate turnover. This is achieved by using an O2‐independent FAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase embedded within a crosslinked redox polymer. A short measuring interval allows the glucose concentration equilibrium to be restored quickly which enables the biosensor to operate under quasi‐equilibrium conditions.
Cloning and characterization of Aedes aegypti juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (JHEHs)
Authors: Borovsky Dov , Van Ekert Evelien , Buytaert Esther , Peeters Tom , Rougé Pierre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJuvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) plays an important role in the metabolism of juvenile hormone III (JH III) in insects. To study the role that JHEH plays in female Aedes aegypti JHEH 1, 2, and 3 complementary DNA (cDNAs) were cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses show that the three transcripts are expressed in the head thorax, the gut, the ovaries, and the fat body of females. Molecular modeling shows that the enzyme is a homodimer that binds JH III acid (JH IIIA) at the catalytic groove better than JH III. The cDNA of JHEH 1 and 2 are very similar indicating close relationship. Knocking down of jheh 1, 2, and 3 in adult female and larval Ae. aegypti using double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) did not affect egg development or caused adult mortality. Larvae that were fed bacterial cells expressing dsRNA against jheh 1, 2, and 3 grew normally. Treating blood‐fed female Ae. aegypti with [12‐3H](10R) JH III and analyzing the metabolites by C18 reversed phase chromatography showed that JHEH preferred substrate is not JH III but JH IIIA. Genomic analysis of jheh 1, 2, and 3 indicate that jheh 1 and 2 are transcribed from a 1.53 kb DNA whereas jheh 3 is transcribed from a 10.9 kb DNA. All three genes are found on chromosome two at distinct locations. JHEH 2 was expressed in bacterial cells and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. Sequencing of the recombinant protein by MS/MS identified JHEH 2 as the expressed recombinant protein.
Silver(I) pyridinyl complexes with benzothiazole, thiophene, and furan moieties: DNA/protein‐binding, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer studies
Authors: Adeleke Adesola A. , Islam Md. Shahidul , Omondi Bernard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe have synthesized and characterized nine Ag(I) complexes of Schiff bases containing thiophene, furan, and pyridine moieties for in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer activities, and DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies. Based on the analytical and spectral analyses, a linear geometry was proposed for all the Ag(I) complexes, except for one (with the furan moiety), which formed a distorted T‐shaped geometry. UV‐vis absorption studies on the interactions of calf thymus‐DNA (CT‐DNA) with the nine Ag(I) complexes pointed to an intercalative binding mode. With a binding constantKbof 3.75 × 105M−1, the complex bearing a benzothiazole moiety (1) interacted stronger with CT‐DNA than the rest of the complexes. Fluorescence spectroscopic data revealed that the complexes had a modest binding affinity for BSA through static quenching. The complexes displayed good antioxidant properties, especially those with a benzothiazole moiety. Notable antibacterial activities against methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhimurium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, andKlebsiella pneumoniaewere observed for complexes with the furan and thiophene moieties. The in vitro anticancer studies of selected complexes against three cancer cell lines showed that the complexes were more effective against the inhibition of the growth of cervical cancer cells relative to cisplatin.
Adaptive neural network hierarchical sliding mode control for six degrees of freedom overhead crane
Authors: Kim Thai Dinh , Nguyen Thien , Manh Do Dung , Le Hai Xuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an effective control method for three‐dimensional (3D) overhead cranes with six degrees of freedom (DOF). Two payload swings and an axial payload oscillation should be minimized besides driving the bridge, trolley, and hoisting drum to bring the payload to the desired position in space. First, a novel 3D‐6DOF crane model is developed, where the sixth degree of freedom is axial cargo oscillation that has never been considered in previous studies. A controller is then designed using the hierarchical sliding mode control method. Moreover, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to approximate the system's unknown dynamic model accurately. According to the Lyapunov principle, a control law and an updated law for the neural network's weight matrices are designed to ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system. Simulation results on Matlab software show the proposed approach's effectiveness, such as smaller swing, minor axial oscillation, and precise position as desired.
Bidding on the go: Links between walking, social actions, and caregiver responses in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Calabretta Bianca T. , Schneider Joshua L. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of walking is associated with a shift in how neurotypical infants initiate social interactions. Walking infants are more likely to locate objects in distant places, carry them, and then share those objects by approaching caregivers and using gestures to show or offer their discoveries (i.e., moving bids). The simultaneous organization of the behaviors necessary to generate moving bids requires the coordination of multiple skills—walking, fine motor skills, and gesturing. Infants with an elevated likelihood (EL) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit differences and delays in each of these behaviors. This study investigated interconnections between infant walking, social actions, and caregiver responses in 18‐month‐old EL infants with diverse developmental outcomes (ASD, non‐ASD language delay, no diagnosis). We observed 85 infant‐caregiver dyads at home during everyday activities for 45 minutes and identified all times when infants walked, instances of walking paired with social action (i.e., approaching the caregiver, approaching while carrying an object, producing a moving bid), and whether caregivers responded to their infants' social actions. There were no group differences in infants' production of social actions. Caregiver responses, however, were more clearly modulated by outcome group. While all caregivers were similarly and highly likely to respond to moving bids, caregivers of EL‐ASD infants were substantially more likely to respond when their infants simply approached them (with or without an object in hand). Taken together, this research underscores the complexity of EL infant‐caregiver interactions and highlights the role that each partner plays in shaping how they unfold.
Addressing current barriers to autism diagnoses through a tiered diagnostic approach involving pediatric primary care providers
Authors: Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Zuckerman Katharine E. , Broder‐Fingert Sarabeth , Robins Diana L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFormal autism diagnosis from a specialist trained in autism assessment is customary prior to a child accessing early, intensive autism‐specific services. However, long wait lists for diagnostic evaluations and limited specialty workforce have created substantial delays. Additionally, lengthy multidisciplinary evaluations are costly to insurers, inconvenient to families, and disproportionally impact under‐resourced families. Diagnostic delays can impede access to intervention services. These barriers, combined with evidence regarding the importance of receiving early, autism‐specific treatment, demand new approaches enabling access to autism specific services before comprehensive evaluation. Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) are often the only health care professionals with whom a family interacts during early childhood and can play a crucial role in helping children with autism symptoms access services. Many strategies for autism diagnosis in primary care are being developed and tested; however, they have yet to be broadly adopted by PCPs, primarily due to critical implementation barriers in primary care settings. There is also not enough evidence on the accuracy of PCPs' diagnostic impressions without extensive specialty support, resulting in PCP hesitancy in diagnosing ASD, as well as family and service provider hesitancy in accepting a PCP autism diagnosis. In this commentary, we explore the acute need for shortening waitlists for autism evaluations through a tiered diagnostic approach, in which PCPs can rule in or rule out autism in children, for whom diagnosis is clear, and refer more complex cases for specialist evaluations, and explore implementation challenges to this approach.
Advanced nano biosensors for rapid detection of zoonotic bacteria
Authors: Ahangari Azam , Mahmoodi Pezhman , Mohammadzadeh Abdolmajid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn infectious disease that is transmitted from animals to humans and vice‐versa is called zoonosis. Bacterial zoonotic diseases can re‐emerge after they have been eradicated or controlled and are among the world's major health problems which inflict tremendous burden on healthcare systems. The first step to encounter such illnesses can be early and precise detection of bacterial pathogens to further prevent the following losses due to their infections. Although conventional methods for diagnosing pathogens, including culture‐based, polymerase chain reaction‐based, and immunological‐based techniques, benefit from their advantages, they also have their own drawbacks, for example, taking long time to provide results, and requiring laborious work, expensive materials, and special equipment in certain conditions. Consequently, there is a greater tendency to introduce simple, innovative, quicker, accurate, and low‐cost detection methods to effectively characterize the causative agents of infectious diseases. Biosensors, therefore, seem to practically be one of those novel promising diagnostic tools on this aim. These are effective and reliable elements with high sensitivity and specificity, that their usability can even be improved in medical diagnostic systems when empowered by nanoparticles. In the present review, recent advances in the development of several bio and nano biosensors, for rapid detection of zoonotic bacteria, have been discussed in details.