bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomically disadvantaged veterans experience treatment delays for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gillmeyer Kari R. , Rinne Seppo T. , Qian Shirley X. , Maron Bradley A. , Johnson Shelsey W. , Klings Elizabeth S. , Wiener Renda S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrompt initiation of therapy after pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) diagnosis is critical to improve outcomes; yet delays in PAH treatment are common. Prior research demonstrates that individuals with PAH belonging to socially disadvantaged groups experience worse clinical outcomes. Whether these poor outcomes are mediated by delays in care or other factors is incompletely understood. We sought to examine the association between race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status and time‐to‐PAH treatment. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Veterans diagnosed with incident PAH between 2006 and 2019 and treated with PAH therapy. Our outcome was time‐to‐PAH treatment. Our primary exposures were race/ethnicity, annual household income, health insurance status, education, and housing insecurity. We calculated time‐to‐treatment using multivariable mixed‐effects Cox proportional hazard models. Of 1827 Veterans with PAH, 27% were Black, 4% were Hispanic, 22.1% had an income < $20,000, 53.3% lacked non‐VA insurance, 25.5% had <high school education, and 3.9% had housing insecurity. Median time‐to‐treatment was 114 days (interquartile range [IQR] 21–336). Our multivariable models demonstrated increased time‐to‐treatment among patients with lower household income (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.91 for < $20,000 vs. ≥ $100,000) and those without non‐VA insurance (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–1.00). Race/ethnicity, education, and housing insecurity were not associated with time‐to‐treatment. Veterans with PAH experienced substantial and potentially harmful treatment delays, with median time‐to‐treatment of 16 weeks after diagnosis. Those with lower income and those without non‐VA health insurance experienced even greater treatment delays. Additional research is urgently needed to develop interventions to improve timely PAH treatment and mitigate economic disparities in treatment.
A novel application of a geotechnical soil stabilization technology for improved delivery of remedial amendments
Authors: Richardson Stephen D. , Kolz Joshua , Hart Dylan M. , Long Justin A. , Johnson Nicholas W. , Denn Alison R. , Newell Charles J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccelerating the remediation of contaminants that have diffused into low‐permeability (low‐k) geologic units such as silts and clays is a key need for the groundwater remediation industry. Injection‐based remedial technologies are often ineffective because the injected amendments are more likely to influence transmissive media (sands and sandy silts) and generally do not penetrate low‐k units. While some emerging technologies are now being tested, they are often expensive or have other technical limitations (e.g., installation depth and rate of amendment emplacement). To address the problem of treating contaminants in low‐k media, a geotechnical technology called the “Grout Bomber” (Keller North America) was repurposed for an environmental application to emplace ~800 vertical “reaction columns” containing zero valent iron (ZVI), sand, and neat vegetable oil for the treatment of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in lean clays and sandy clays. The reaction columns were closely‐spaced (2–3 ft apart) to greatly accelerate the back diffusion of CVOCs from the low‐k media to the reaction columns where contact with ZVI and vegetable oil promotes abiotic and biotic reductive dechlorination of CVOCs, respectively. Overall, 35 tons of ZVI were emplaced into the 5200 cubic yard (yd3) (~4000 m3) source zone during the project. Key benefits of this technology include rapid installation (average of 107 reaction columns per day), ease of remediation amendment mixing, consistent amendment dosing, and relatively low unit installation costs ($71 per cubic yard of treatment zone). It should be emphasized that this application of the Grout Bomber relies on diffusion of contaminants into the reaction columns from the surrounding low‐k media—a process that occurs slowly over years to decades. A planning‐level model showed that installation of closely spaced vertical reaction columns in a TCE‐laden clay unit reduced the time to achieve maximum contaminant levels from greater than 500 years to approximately 26 years. Groundwater monitoring confirmed the establishment of a concentration gradient between the reaction columns which promotes diffusion of CVOCs toward the reaction columns. The presence of dissolved acetylene and gaseous “higher coupling” products (>C3) provide further evidence of ongoing abiotic reductive dechlorination within the reaction columns.
A Metal Nanoparticle Thermistor with the Beta Value of 10 000 K
Authors: Zhao Xing , Guo Jiahui , Wang Jingyu , Yan Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe thermistor, typically made from metallic oxides, is a type of resistor whose electrical resistance is dependent on its temperature. Despite the wide usage, the limitations of ceramic thermistors become increasingly apparent as devices with improved performances are sought and as new applications emerge. Herein, a thermistor that is showed with a beta (B) value of 10 000 K can be made exclusively from metal nanoparticles functionalized with charged organic ligands. This B value is hard to achieve for ceramic devices, which is due to the increase of effective counterion concentration and its mobility upon thermal activation. Importantly, the performance of the nanoparticle thermistor is maintained when it is fabricated on a flexible substrate and experiences reversible bending. Demos of thermistor arrays for heat transfer, distribution, and comparison of their performance with commercial products are also demonstrated. Owing to the low temperature and simple casting process, conformably flexible characteristics, stable solid states, and ultra‐high sensitivities, this device is expected to be practically used soon.
Chiral Transport in Nanochannel Based Artificial Drug Transporters
Authors: Yang Lei , Sun Zhongyue , Zhang Siyun , Sun Yue , Li Haibing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe precise regulation of chiral drug transmembrane transport can be achieved through drug transporters in living organisms. However, implementing this process in vitro is still a formidable challenge due to the complexity of the biological systems that control drug enantiomeric transport. Herein, a facile and feasible strategy is employed to construct chiral L‐tyrosine‐modified nanochannels (L‐Tyr nanochannels) based on polyethylene terephthalate film, which could enhance the chiral recognition of propranolol isomers (R‐/S‐PPL) for transmembrane transport. Moreover, conventional fluorescence spectroscopy, patch‐clamp technology, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and picoammeter technology are employed to evaluate the performance of nanochannels. The results show that the L‐Tyr nanochannel have better chiral selectivity for R‐/S‐PPL compared with the L‐tryptophan (L‐Trp) channel, and the chiral selectivity coefficient is improved by about 4.21‐fold. Finally, a detailed theoretical analysis of the chirality selectivity mechanism is carried out. The findings would not only enrich the basic theory research related to chiral drug transmembrane transport, but also provide a new idea for constructing artificial channels to separate chiral drugs.
Typification of two Linnaean names in Helicteres (Malvaceae: Helicteroideae)
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTypes are designated for the names of two species of Helicteres (Malvaceae: Helicteroideae) described by Linnaeus. A lectotype is designated for H. angustifolia and a neotype for H. pentandra.
The bottom-up EFT: complete UV resonances of the SMEFT operators
Authors: Li Hao-Lin , Ni Yu-Han , Xiao Ming-Lei , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) provides systematic parameterization of all possible new physics above the electroweak scale. According to the amplitude-operator correspondence, an effective operator can be decomposed into a linear combination of several j-basis operators, which correspond to local amplitudes carrying certain spin and gauge quantum numbers in a particular scattering channel. Based on the Poincare and gauge symmetries of scattering amplitude, we construct the j-basis using the Casimir method for both the Lorentz and gauge sectors. The quantum numbers of the j-basis operators fix the quantum numbers of any intermediate state in the corresponding amplitudes, such as a UV resonance. This can be re-interpreted as the j-basis/UV correspondence, thus obtaining the j-bases in all partitions of fields for an operator amounts to findingallof its UV origins at tree level, constituting the central part of the bottom-up EFT framework. Applying the j-basis analysis to SMEFT, we obtain a complete list of possible tree-level UV origins of the effective operators at the dimension 5, 6, 7, and all the bosonic operators at dimension 8.
Reflected entropy in AdS3/WCFT
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Yuefeng , Yu Boyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reflected entropy is a newly proposed notion in quantum information. It has important implications in holography. In this work, we study the reflected entropy in the framework of the AdS3/WCFT correspondence. We determine the scaling dimensions and charges of various twist operators in non-Abelian orbifold WCFT by generalizing the uniformization map and taking into account of the charge conservation. This allows us to compute the reflected entropy, logarithmic negativity and odd entropy for two disjoint intervals in holographic WCFT. We find that the reflected entropy can be related holographically to the pre-entanglement wedge cross-section, which is given by the minimal distance between the benches in two swing surfaces.
Clinical application of the contrast-enhancement boost technique in computed tomography angiography of the portal vein
Authors: Hou Juan , Zhang Yuan , Yan Jing , Zhang Tieliang , Xia Wenwen , Zhu Yucai , Liu Wenya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the improved image quality of the portal vein using the contrast-enhancement boost (CE-boost) technique for the improved visibility of abdominal-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans in clinical practice.

Methods
This retrospective study included 50 patients in Group A who underwent routine abdominal-enhanced CT and 50 patients in Group B who underwent abdominal computed tomography angiography (CTA) with matched body mass index, age, and sex. Images in Group A were postprocessed with the CE-boost technique for further enhanced visibility of the portal vein. Both subjective and objective assessments of different branches of the portal vein in three types of images (i.e., Group A with CE-boost and without CE-boost, Group B) were statistically analyzed.

Results
The subjective scores of two experienced radiologists showed good consistency (kappa value > 0.624, p < 0.001), and the score of Group A with CE-boost (mean, 4.64) was significantly higher than that of the others (p < 0.001). The liver parenchyma and most target veins in Group A with CE-boost showed the highest CT, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values and the lowest standard deviation (SD), while the CNR of most portal veins in Group A without CE-boost had the lowest CNR (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the SNR of the portal vein in Group A without CE-Boost and Group B (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
CE-boost can significantly improve image quality in portal vein imaging without any additional scanning settings or changes in the clinical workflow.

Graphical Abstract
The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets
Authors: Niklewicz Ali , Smith A. David , Smith Alison , Holzer Andre , Klein Andrew , McCaddon Andrew , Molloy Anne M. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , Nexo Ebba , McNulty Helene , Refsum Helga , Gueant Jean-Louis , Dib Marie-Joe , Ward Mary , Murphy Michelle , Green Ralph , Ahmadi Kourosh R. , Hannibal Luciana , Warren Martin J. , Owen P. Julian ,   on behalf of CluB-12
Published: December 2022

AbstractVitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is not made by plants; consequently, unfortified plant-based foods are not a reliable supply. Recent estimates suggest high rates of vitamin B12 deficiency among the vegetarian and vegan populations, particularly in pregnant women or women of child-bearing age who, for ethical and health reasons, are shifting towards higher consumption of plant-based foods in ever-increasing numbers. Vitamin B12 plays crucial metabolic roles across the life-course and in particular during pregnancy and in early development (first 1000 days of life). Evidence now implicates vitamin B12 deficiency with increased risk to a range of neuro, vascular, immune, and inflammatory disorders. However, the current UK recommended nutrient intake for vitamin B12 does not adequately consider the vitamin B12 deficit for those choosing a plant-based diet, including vegetarianism and in particular veganism, representing a hidden hunger. We provide a cautionary note on the importance of preventing vitamin B12 deficits for those individuals choosing a plant-based diet and the health professionals advising them.
Quantifying the effect of feedback frequency in interactive reinforcement learning for robotic tasks
Authors: Harnack Daniel , Pivin-Bachler Julie , Navarro-Guerrero Nicolás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) has become widely adopted in robot control. Despite many successes, one major persisting problem can be very low data efficiency. One solution is interactive feedback, which has been shown to speed up RL considerably. As a result, there is an abundance of different strategies, which are, however, primarily tested on discrete grid-world and small scale optimal control scenarios. In the literature, there is no consensus about which feedback frequency is optimal or at which time the feedback is most beneficial. To resolve these discrepancies we isolate and quantify the effect of feedback frequency in robotic tasks with continuous state and action spaces. The experiments encompass inverse kinematics learning for robotic manipulator arms of different complexity. We show that seemingly contradictory reported phenomena occur at different complexity levels. Furthermore, our results suggest that no single ideal feedback frequency exists. Rather that feedback frequency should be changed as the agent’s proficiency in the task increases.
Informational Masking in Aging and Brain-lesioned Individuals
Authors: Farahbod Haleh , Rogalsky Corianne , Keator Lynsey M. , Cai Julia , Pillay Sara B. , Turner Katie , LaCroix Arianna , Fridriksson Julius , Binder Jeffrey R. , Middlebrooks John C. , Hickok Gregory , Saberi Kourosh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAuditory stream segregation and informational masking were investigated in brain-lesioned individuals, age-matched controls with no neurological disease, and young college-age students. A psychophysical paradigm known as rhythmic masking release (RMR) was used to examine the ability of participants to identify a change in the rhythmic sequence of 20-ms Gaussian noise bursts presented through headphones and filtered through generalized head-related transfer functions to produce the percept of an externalized auditory image (i.e., a 3D virtual reality sound). The target rhythm was temporally interleaved with a masker sequence comprising similar noise bursts in a manner that resulted in a uniform sequence with no information remaining about the target rhythm when the target and masker were presented from the same location (an impossible task). Spatially separating the target and masker sequences allowed participants to determine if there was a change in the target rhythm midway during its presentation. RMR thresholds were defined as the minimum spatial separation between target and masker sequences that resulted in 70.7% correct-performance level in a single-interval 2-alternative forced-choice adaptive tracking procedure. The main findings were (1) significantly higher RMR thresholds for individuals with brain lesions (especially those with damage to parietal areas) and (2) a left–right spatial asymmetry in performance for lesion (but not control) participants. These findings contribute to a better understanding of spatiotemporal relations in informational masking and the neural bases of auditory scene analysis.
Real-world clinical outcomes of treatment with molnupiravir for patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 during the Omicron variant pandemic
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhito , Shibata Yoko , Minemura Hiroyuki , Nikaido Takefumi , Tanino Yoshinori , Fukuhara Atsuro , Kanno Ryuzo , Saito Hiroyuki , Suzuki Shuzo , Inokoshi Yayoi , Sando Eiichiro , Sakuma Hirofumi , Kobayashi Tatsuho , Kume Hiroaki , Kamimoto Masahiro , Aoki Hideko , Takama Akira , Iizuka Taku , Kamiyama Takamichi , Nakayama Masaru , Saito Kiyoshi , Tanigawa Koichi , Sato Masahiko , Waragai Yuichi , Kambe Toshiyuki , Kanzaki Norio , Azuma Teruhisa , Okamoto Hiromasa , Sakamoto Keiji , Nakamura Yuichi , Ohtani Hiroshi , Waragai Mitsuru , Maeda Shinsaku , Ishida Tokiya , Sugino Keishi , Abe Wataru , Tsukada Yasuhiko , Lee Tomoyoshi , Yamada Ryuki , Sato Riko , Onuma Takumi , Tomita Hikaru , Saito Mikako , Watanabe Natsumi , Rikimaru Mami , Kawamata Takaya , Morimoto Julia , Togawa Ryuichi , Sato Yuki , Saito Junpei , Kanazawa Kenya , Hamaguchi Sugihiro , Iseki Ken 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is unclear whether molnupiravir has a beneficial effect on vaccinated patients infected with the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We here evaluated the efficacy of molnupiravir in patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron variant surge in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. We enrolled patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who were admitted to hospitals between January and April, 2022. Clinical deterioration after admission was compared between molnupiravir users (n = 230) and non-users (n  = 690) after 1:3 propensity score matching. Additionally, we performed forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between clinical deterioration after admission and molnupiravir treatment in the 1:3 propensity score-matched subjects. The characteristics of participants in both groups were balanced as indicated by covariates with a standardized mean difference of < 0.1. Regarding comorbidities, there was no imbalance between the two groups, except for the presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac disease. The clinical deterioration rate was significantly lower in the molnupiravir users compared to the non-users (3.90% vs 8.40%; P = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that receiving molnupiravir was a factor for preventing deterioration (odds ratio 0.448; 95% confidence interval 0.206–0.973; P = 0.042), independent of other covariates. This real-world study demonstrates that molnupiravir contributes to the prevention of deterioration in COVID-19 patients after hospitalization during the Omicron variant phase.
Automaton-based comparison of Declare process models
Authors: Schützenmeier Nicolai , Käppel Martin , Ackermann Lars , Jablonski Stefan , Petter Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Declare process modeling language has been established within the research community for modeling so-called flexible processes. Declare follows the declarative modeling paradigm and therefore guarantees flexible process execution. For several reasons, declarative process models turned out to be hard to read and comprehend. Thus, it is also hard to decide whether two process models are equal with respect to their semantic meaning, whether one model is completely contained in another one or how far two models overlap. In this paper, we follow an automaton-based approach by transforming Declare process models into finite state automatons and applying automata theory for solving this issue.
Interruptible Nodes: Reducing Queueing Costs in Irregular Streaming Dataflow Applications on Wide-SIMD Architectures
Authors: Timcheck Stephen , Buhler Jeremy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStreaming dataflow applications are an attractive target to parallelize on wide-SIMD processors such as GPUs. These applications can be expressed as a pipeline of compute nodes connected by edges, which feed outputs from one node to the next. Streaming applications often exhibit irregular dataflow, where the amount of output produced for one input is unknown a priori. Inserting finite queues between pipeline nodes can ameliorate the impact of irregularity and improve SIMD lane occupancy. The sizing of these queues is driven by both performance and safety considerations- relative queue sizes should be chosen to reduce runtime overhead and maximize throughput, but each node’s output queue must be large enough to accommodate the maximum number of outputs produced by one SIMD vector of inputs to the node. When safety and performance considerations conflict, the application may incur excessive memory usage and runtime overhead. In this work, we identify properties of applications that lead to such undesirable behaviors, with examples from applications implemented in our MERCATOR framework for irregular streaming on GPUs. To address these issues, we propose extensions to support interruptible nodes that can be suspended mid-execution if their output queues fill. We illustrate the impacts of adding interruptible nodes to the MERCATOR framework on representative irregular streaming applications from the domains of branching search and bioinformatics.
Strategic Directions in Preventive Intervention Research to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Boyd Rhonda C. , Castro Felipe González , Finigan-Carr Nadine , Okamoto Scott K. , Barlow Allison , Kim Bo-Kyung Elizabeth , Lambert Sharon , Lloyd Jacqueline , Zhang Xinzhi , Barksdale Crystal L. , Crowley Daniel M. , Maldonado-Molina Mildred , Obasi Ezemenari M. , Kenney Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs commissioned by the Society for Prevention Research, this paper describes and illustrates strategic approaches for reducing health inequities and advancing health equity when adopting an equity-focused approach for applying prevention science evidence-based theory, methodologies, and practices. We introduce an ecosystemic framework as a guide for analyzing, designing, and planning innovative equity-focused evidence-based preventive interventions designed to attain intended health equity outcomes. To advance this process, we introduce a health equity statement for conducting integrative analyses of ecosystemic framework pathways, by describing the role of social determinants, mechanisms, and interventions as factors directly linked to specific health equity outcomes. As background, we present health equity constructs, theories, and research evidence which can inform the design and development of equity-focused intervention approaches. We also describe multi-level interventions that when coordinated can produce synergistic intervention effects across macro, meso, and micro ecological levels. Under this approach, we encourage prevention and implementation scientists to apply and extend these strategic directions in future research to increase our evidence-based knowledge and theory building. A general goal is to apply prevention science knowledge to design, widely disseminate, and implement culturally grounded interventions that incrementally attain specific HE outcomes and an intended HE goal. We conclude with recommendations for conducting equity-focused prevention science research, interventions, and training.