bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of nutritional status in patients with neuroblastoma in Rwanda and United Kingdom: a cross-sectional observational study conducted by the OxPLORE collaboration
Authors: Manirambona Emery , Gunawardana Shannon , Hathaway Hugh , Lakhoo Kokila , Ford Kathryn , Kanyamuhunga Aimable 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer is a major global health concern and a leading cause of death in paediatric populations worldwide. Malnutrition contributes to a poor prognosis and remains the most common comorbidity leading to death in children with cancer. This retrospective study was developed through Oxford Paediatrics Linking Oncology Research with Electives (OxPLORE)—a medical student-led collaboration of paediatric surgeons and oncologists from low- and middle-income (LMIC) and high-income (HIC) countries. The aim of this study was twofold; firstly, to investigate the nutritional status and outcomes of neuroblastoma paediatric patients in two OxPLORE centres. Secondly, to facilitate the development of research skills of medical students as part of the OxPLORE initiative.

Results
Nine neuroblastoma patients were identified (YY, n = 4, XX, n = 5) over the study period. Nutritional status was poorer in YY patients (median z-score − 1.57 cf. − 0.7, t = 1.16, p = 0.28), which correlated with poorer survival in the YY cohort (75%), as compared to the XX cohort (100%). YY patients were older at presentation than the XX cohort (57 cf. 13 months, t = 1.959 p = 0.09). Further, tumour presentation was at a later stage in the YY group (75% stage IV).

Conclusion
This collaboration has shown a correlation in disparities in nutritional status and outcome of neuroblastoma in paediatric populations in YY and XX. These findings can inform institutional quality improvement. Further, this pilot study has highlighted the potential for medical students to undertake international research collaborations.
Laparoscopic surgery of urachal remnants in children: 3-center experience and comparison to an open approach
Authors: Isaev Yaroslav , Bertozzi Mirko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the first description by Trondsen in 1993, laparoscopy has become the preferred method of surgery of urachal remnants in children. Some authors call it the “gold standard.” Nonetheless, the comparison with open surgery in the literature is limited to several tens of patients. In this paper, we aim to summarize our experience reporting data of a large group of patients.

Results
We conducted a retrospective analysis of anonymized data from patients who underwent surgical interventions at three clinical centers. A total of 78 boys and 33 girls (M:F 2.36:1) were included in our study. Eighty-seven of them underwent mini-invasive surgery (group 1); 24 were operated in a conventional manner (group 2). The predominant form of the urachal anomaly found was the cyst (58.5%), while an umbilical sinus was present in 47 patients (42.3%), a bladder diverticulum in 7 (6.3%), and a patent urachus in 3 cases (2.7%). The average duration of surgery was 60.7 min (20–192 min) in group 1 and 42.7 min (20–90 min) in group 2; excluding the cases with simultaneous interventions, the average duration was found to be 54.5 and 39.7 min, respectively. Twenty-nine simultaneous operations for associated pathologies were performed in 19 cases (21.8%) in our MIS group, in 8 of them (9.19%) for a preoperatively unknown associated pathology, compared to 4 simultaneous operations performed in 4 patients (16.7%) in the open surgery group. We observed intra-operative complications in 2 cases in Group 1; early postoperative complications included hematuria in 14 cases (16%). The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly shorter in the MIS group.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic surgery has better cosmetic results and allows for additional diagnostics and simultaneous operations that in turn lead to a shorter duration of postoperative analgesia, but has a longer duration in comparison to an open technique.
Relation between panoramic mandibular index and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: El-Din Mounir Serage , Farouk Hesham Mohamed , Teleb Raghdaa Mohamed , Hashaad Nashwa Ismail 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
DEXA scan could be unavailable at some health centers, and radiologic examination of the mandible and oral cavity is considered more commonly used radiologic test that can predict, diagnose, or even follow-up on any defect in bone mineralization. The aim of this study was to elucidate the ability of panoramic radiograph to detect osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients and correlate panoramic mandibular index with RA disease activity and severity parameters.

Results
The sensitivity of panoramic mandibular index for diagnosis of osteoporosis was 96% in group Ι (primary OP) and 70% in group ΙΙ (RA patients). The positive predictive value of PMI was 67% in group Ι and 55% in group ΙΙ. The negative predictive value of PMI was 34% in group Ι and was 46% in group ΙΙ. The cutoff value of PMI for diagnosis of OP was ≤ 0.31 in group Ι and ≤ 0.17 in group ΙΙ. In group I, there were significant correlations between panoramic mandibular index and patient’s ages, weights, T score at L1-4, T score at femoral neck, and T score at forearm while there were insignificant correlations between PMI and patients’ heights. In group ΙΙ, there were significant correlations between PMI, patients’ ages, weights, disease durations, SHARP score, ESR, RF, T score at L1-4, T score at femoral neck, and T score at forearm, while there were insignificant correlations between PMI and patients’ heights, DAS, and CRP.

Conclusions
Panoramic radiography could have a potential usability in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients regardless of displaying insignificant correlation with disease activity.
Psoriatic arthritis treatment to the target: a consensus, evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis and its concomitant clinical manifestations
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , El Gaafary Maha , GadAllah Naglaa , Mansour Mona , Fathy Nihal , Hassan Waleed , Mortada Mohamed , Galal Salwa , Eissa Mervat , Tabra Samar Abdelhamed , Foad Nermeen , Ali Rehab , Medhat Basma , El Olemy Gehan , Adel Yasmin , Ghaleb Rasha , El-Latif Eiman Abd , Saber Sally , Elkaraly Nourhan , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to provide up-to-date, evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for Treat-to-Target management of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and associated clinical manifestations.In this recommendations, 14 key clinical questions were identified by scientific committee according to the Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Timing (PICOT) approach. Literature Review team performed a systematic review to summarize evidence advocating the benefits and harms of available pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies for psoriatic arthritis. Subsequently, recommendations were formulated. The level of evidence was determined for each section using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (CEBM) system. A 3-round Delphi process was conducted with 19 experts whom were drawn from different governorates and health centers across Egypt with diverse in their experiences, including private, governmental workplace, tertiary university hospitals, and insurance hospitals. All rounds were conducted online. A consensus was achieved on the direction and the strength of the recommendations.ResultsAn online questionnaire was sent to an expert panel who participated in the three rounds (response rate 100%). At the end of round 3, a total of 51 recommendation items, categorized into 6 sections to address the main 6 psoriatic arthritis categories, were obtained. Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 89.5 to 100%. Consensus was reached (i.e., ≥ 75%of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on the wording of all the 51 clinical standards identified by the scientific committee. Algorithms for the management of psoriatic arthritis have been suggested.ConclusionThese recommendations provide an updated consensus on the pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis and strategies to reach optimal treat-to-target outcomes in in common clinical scenarios, based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion. Best treatment decisions should be tailored to each individual patient situation.
Mental health outcomes in patients with a long-term condition: analysis of an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies service
Authors: Seaton Natasha , Moss-Morris Rona , Norton Sam , Hulme Katrin , Hudson Joanna 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHaving a long-term condition (LTC) significantly affects mental health. UK policy requires effective mental health provisions for patients with an LTC, generally provided by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. National IAPT data suggest that patients with an LTC typically demonstrate poorer outcomes compared with patients without an LTC. However, exploration of confounding factors and different outcome variables is limited.AimsTo establish the association of LTC status with demographic and clinical factors, and clinical mental health outcomes.MethodAnonymised patient-level data from a London IAPT service during January 2019 to October 2020 were used in this cohort study, to compare differences between LTC and non-LTC groups on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Binary logistic and multiple linear regression models were constructed for binary outcome variables (recovery and reliable improvement) and continuous outcomes (distress and functioning), respectively.ResultsPatients with an LTC were more likely to be female; older; from a Black, mixed or other ethnic background; and have greater social deprivation. Across the four clinical outcomes (recovery, reliable improvement, final psychological distress and final functioning), having an LTC significantly predicted poorer outcomes even after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical baseline variables. For three outcome variables, greater social deprivation and being discharged during the COVID-19 pandemic also predicted poorer clinical outcomes.ConclusionsLTC status has a negative effect on mental health outcomes in IAPT services, independent of associated variables such as severity of baseline mental health symptoms, ethnicity and social deprivation. Effective psychological treatment for patients with an LTC remains an unresolved priority.
Metabolic Slowing Vanished 5 Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients With Obesity and Prediabetes/Diabetes
Authors: Bettini Silvia , Milan Gabriella , Favaretto Francesca , Fabris Roberto , Dal Prà Chiara , Quinto Giulia , Cosma Chiara , Vettor Roberto , Busetto Luca 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases after weight loss more than expected according to body composition changes. Metabolic adaptation (MA) or metabolic slowing represents the difference between measured (m) and predicted (p) REE, and it is not clear whether it persists in the long-term. The aim of this study is to evaluate MA occurring 1 year (V1) and 5 years (V5) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patients with obesity and normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes (preDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods
We reassessed 37 patients (14 males/23 females) of 44.8 ± 10 years old, since they registered all the biochemical, body composition, and REE assessments at baseline (V0), V1, and V5. Physical activity (PA) was assessed by interview and questionnaire.

Results
Patients displayed a percentage of weight loss of 31.5 ± 7.4% at V1 and a weight regain of 8.9 ± 7.5% at V5. Comparing V1 and V5, fat mass showed a slight increase (P = 0.011), while free fat mass remained unchanged (P = 0.304). PA improved at V1 (P &lt; 0.001), remaining stable at V5 (P = 0.9). Measured REE (mREE) displayed a 31.2% reduction with a corresponding decrease of predicted REE (pREE) of 21.4% at V1, compared with V0 (P = 0.005), confirming a significant MA at V1. Conversely, no difference between mREE and pREE was observed at V5 (P = 0.112).

Conclusion
Our results suggested that only patients with preDM and T2DM displayed MA at V1, which vanished 5 years after LSG. Patients who practiced more PA prevent MA after surgery-induced wight loss.
Selpercatinib Treatment of RET-Mutated Thyroid Cancers Is Associated With Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects
Authors: Tsang Venessa , Gill Anthony , Gild Matti , Lurie Brett , Blumer Lucy , Siddall Rhonda , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Robinson Bruce 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and radioactive iodine–refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAI-R DTC) have poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Selpercatinib (LOXO-292), a selective kinase inhibitor targeting the RET gene, has shown a 69% to 79% objective response rate in this cohort with benefits in other tumors including lung cancer harboring the same oncogenic driver. Published reports describe only 17% of patients experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects (AEs), which is in contrast to our local experience.

Objective
Here we characterize the AEs and correlate them with radiological and histopathological findings.

Methods
Sequential patients enrolled in LIBRETTO-001 at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia, with available imaging (n = 22) were recruited. Patients had regular visits with AEs documented and computed tomography (CT) scans every 3 months. CT at screening, at time of GI AE, and at most recent follow-up were reviewed and scored. Endoscopic examination was performed in 5 patients.

Results
Of 22 patients in this cohort, the majority had somatic RET alterations (n = 18), most commonly p.Met918Thr (n = 14). Ten patients (50%) developed GI AEs. Dose reduction was required in 8 of the 10 patients, but none discontinued therapy. The majority had stable disease (n = 17). Gastric and small-bowel edema was evident in symptomatic patients after a median time of 67 weeks’ treatment. Histological correlation in 5 patients revealed mucosal edema correlating with radiological evidence of congestion and edema.

Conclusion
GI AEs with selpercatinib may be more common than previously described. Most are self-limiting but often require dose adjustments. Histological evidence of mucosal edema observed in conjunction with the radiological findings of congestion and wall thickening suggest bowel-wall edema is a predominant mechanism of abdominal pain in these patients.
Normal HDL Cholesterol Efflux and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities in Type 2 Diabetes Despite Lipidomic Abnormalities
Authors: Denimal Damien , Benanaya Sara , Monier Serge , Simoneau Isabelle , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Le Goff Wilfried , Bouillet Benjamin , Vergès Bruno , Duvillard Laurence 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, lipidomic abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with impaired cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effect, 2 pro-atherogenic abnormalities.

Design and Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the Lira-NAFLD study, including 20 T2D patients at T0 and 25 control subjects. Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 110 species of the main HDL phospholipids and sphingolipids. Cholesterol efflux capacity was measured on THP-1 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect of HDL was measured as their ability to inhibit the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Results
The cholesterol-to-triglyceride ratio was decreased in HDL from T2D patients compared with controls (-46%, P = 0.00008). As expressed relative to apolipoprotein AI, the amounts of phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were similar in HDL from T2D patients and controls. Phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens and ceramides (Cer) were, respectively, 27% (P = 0.038) and 24% (P = 0.053) lower in HDL from T2D patients than in HDL from controls, whereas phosphatidylethanolamines were 41% higher (P = 0.026). Cholesterol efflux capacity of apoB-depleted plasma was similar in T2D patients and controls (36.2 ± 4.3 vs 35.5 ± 2.8%, P = 0.59). The ability of HDL to inhibit the TNFα-induced expression of both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at the surface of HUVECs was similar in T2D patients and controls (-70.6 ± 16.5 vs -63.5 ± 18.7%, P = 0.14; and -62.1 ± 13.2 vs -54.7 ± 17.7%, P = 0.16, respectively).

Conclusion
Despite lipidomic abnormalities, the cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory capacities of HDL are preserved in T2D patients.
Small Molecule-mediated Insulin Hypersecretion Induces Transient ER Stress Response and Loss of Beta Cell Function
Authors: Rodrigues-dos-Santos Karina , Roy Gitanjali , Binns Derk D , Grzemska Magdalena G , Barella Luiz F , Armoo Fiona , McCoy Melissa K , Huynh Andy V , Yang Jonathan Z , Posner Bruce A , Cobb Melanie H , Kalwat Michael A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic islet beta cells require a fine-tuned endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response for normal function; abnormal ER stress contributes to diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we identified a small molecule, SW016789, with time-dependent effects on beta cell ER stress and function. Acute treatment with SW016789 potentiated nutrient-induced calcium influx and insulin secretion, while chronic exposure to SW016789 transiently induced ER stress and shut down secretory function in a reversible manner. Distinct from the effects of thapsigargin, SW016789 did not affect beta cell viability or apoptosis, potentially due to a rapid induction of adaptive genes, weak signaling through the eIF2α kinase PERK, and lack of oxidative stress gene Txnip induction. We determined that SW016789 acted upstream of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and potentiated nutrient- but not KCl-stimulated calcium influx. Measurements of metabolomics, oxygen consumption rate, and G protein-coupled receptor signaling did not explain the potentiating effects of SW016789. In chemical cotreatment experiments, we discovered synergy between SW016789 and activators of protein kinase C and VDCCs, suggesting involvement of these pathways in the mechanism of action. Finally, chronically elevated calcium influx was required for the inhibitory impact of SW016789, as blockade of VDCCs protected human islets and MIN6 beta cells from hypersecretion-induced dysfunction. We conclude that beta cells undergoing this type of pharmacological hypersecretion have the capacity to suppress their function to mitigate ER stress and avoid apoptosis. These results have the potential to uncover beta cell ER stress mitigation factors and add support to beta cell rest strategies to preserve function.
Cardiac mitochondrial energetics of the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, when exposed to isoeugenol within the commercial anaesthetic AQUI-S
Authors: Robertson James , Jeffs Andrew , Hedges Christopher , Hickey Anthony J. R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The anaesthetic isoeugenol has been used as metabolic suppressant for commercial transport of live lobsters in order to decrease energy expenditure and improve survival. Given the central role of mitochondria in metabolism and structural similarities of isoeugenol to the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q, we explored the influence on mitochondrial function of isoeugenol. Mitochondrial function was measured using high-resolution respirometry and saponin-permeabilised heart fibres from the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Relative to vehicle (polysorbate), isoeugenol inhibited respiration supported by complex I (CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). While complex II (CII), which also reduces coenzyme Q, was largely unaffected by isoeugenol, respiration supported by CII when uncoupled was depressed. Titration of isoeugenol indicates that respiration through CI has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.4±0.1 µmol l−1, and a full-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC100­) of approximately 6.3 µmol l−1. These concentrations are consistent with those used for transport and euthanasia of J. edwardsii and indicate that CI is a possible target of isoeugenol, like many other anaesthetics with quinone-like structures.
Presenteeism and associated factors among railway train drivers
Authors: Awaad Asmaa El-Sayed , El-Bestar Sohair , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Al-Wehedy Adel , El-Hadidy Samah Saleh 
Published: June 2022

Background: Presenteeism is an emerging work-related health problem among train drivers. It is more serious than absenteeism, as it accounts for higher productivity losses over the long term and may increase the risk of occupational accidents. Train drivers have high rates of mental and physical health conditions that may put them at high risk of presenteeism. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 train drivers working in Mansoura railway station and 100 administrative employees working in the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university as a comparison group to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism and its associated factors among train drivers working in Mansoura railway station, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, occupational and medical data. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure non-specific psychological distress. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) was used to assess productivity loss related to sickness presenteeism. Results: The prevalence of presenteeism was significantly higher among train drivers (76%) compared to the comparison group (31%). All participants (100%) with psychological distress reported presenteeism. Being a train driver (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=5.4) and having hypertension (AOR=4.03) are independent predictors for presenteeism. Conclusions: The prevalence of presenteeism and its associated risk factors were significantly higher among train drivers than the comparison group. There is an urgent need for the railway industry to understand the factors that may contribute to presenteeism.