bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm aversion in delegated investing
Authors: Germann Maximilian , Merkle Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tendency of humans to shy away from using algorithms—even when algorithms observably outperform their human counterpart—has been referred to as algorithm aversion. We conduct an experiment with young adults to test for algorithm aversion in financial decision making. Participants acting as investors can tie their incentives to either a human fund manager or an investment algorithm. We find no sign of algorithm aversion: participants care about returns, but do not have strong preferences which financial intermediary obtains these returns. Contrary to what has been suggested, participants are neither quicker to lose confidence in the algorithm after seeing it err. However, we find that participants’ inability to separate skill and luck when evaluating intermediaries slows down their migration to the algorithm.
An Ontological Basis for the Diffusion Theory
Authors: Danielewski Marek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFick’s diffusion equation represents physical reality that has been interpreted by Einstein and Smoluchowski. In this way, the question of interpretation of diffusion is answered in the affirmative. It gives rise to a new question critical for the understanding of our world: how broad is the spectrum of physical reality that diffusion could in principle give a complete account. The answer in this work is based on the elegant mathematical foundations formulated three decades before Fick by French mathematician Augustin Cauchy (~ 1822). It will be shown that the diffusion equation is a consequence of his model of the ideal elastic continuum. Namely, a product of the classical energy and momentum balance equations and their solutions. This demonstrates that the complete ontological construal of the diffusion theory exists. Explicitly, the interpretation of both, the diffusion equation and the flux constative formulae exist. The two terms in the flux equations, the driving forces defined by the potential gradients and the kinetic coefficients in front of the driving forces, are derived in this paper. Some fundamental consequences of all derived equations and relations for physics, chemistry and the prospects are presented. The ontological interpretation of the diffusion equation presented here provides evidence of the common roots of the chemistry and physics.
Thermal response of steel framing members in open car park fires
Authors: Yan Xia , Charlier Marion , Gernay Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor open car park structures, adopting a performance-based structural fire design is often justified and allowed because the fire does not reach flashover. However, this design approach requires an accurate assessment of temperatures in structural members exposed to car fires. This paper describes a numerical study on the thermal exposure on steel framing members in open car park fires. Steel temperatures are computed by the coupling of computational fluid dynamics and finite element modeling, and by analytical models from the Eurocodes. In addition, the influence of galvanization on the steel temperature evolution is assessed. Results show that temperatures in unprotected beams and columns are influenced by the section geometry, car fire scenario, modeling approach, and use of galvanization. Galvanization slightly delays and reduces peak temperature. Regarding the different models, CFD-FEM (CFD: computational fluid dynamics, FEM: finite-element method) coupled models predict lower temperatures than the Hasemi model, because the latter conservatively assumes that the fire flame continuously touches the ceiling. Further, the Hasemi model cannot account for the effect of reduced emissivity from galvanization on the absorbed heat flux. Detailed temperature distributions obtained in the steel members can be used to complete efficient structural fire designs based on the member sections, structure layout, and use of galvanization.
Exploiting deep learning and augmented reality in fused deposition modeling: a focus on registration
Authors: Tanzi Leonardo , Piazzolla Pietro , Moos Sandro , Vezzetti Enrico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to propose a Deep Learning (DL) based framework to retrieve in real-time the position and the rotation of an object in need of maintenance from live video frames only. For testing the positioning performances, we focused on intervention on a generic Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer maintenance. Lastly, to demonstrate a possible Augmented Reality (AR) application that can be built on top of this, we discussed a specific case study using a Prusa i3 MKS FDM printer. This method was developed using a You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) network for object detection to locate the position of the FDM 3D printer and a subsequent Rotation Convolutional Neural Network (RotationCNN), trained on a dataset of artificial images, to predict the rotations’ parameters for attaching the 3D model. To train YOLOv3 we used an augmented dataset of 1653 real images, while to train the RotationCNN we utilized a dataset of 99.220 synthetic images, showing the FDM 3D Printer with different orientations, and fine-tuned it using 235 real images tagged manually. The YOLOv3 network obtained an AP (Average Precision) of 100% with Intersection Over Unit parameter of 0.5, while the RotationCNN showed a mean Geodesic Distance of 0.250 (σ = 0.210) and a mean accuracy to detect the correct rotation r of 0.619 (σ = 0.130), considering as acceptable the range [r − 10, r + 10]. We then evaluate the CAD system performances with 10 non-expert users: the average speed improved from 9.61 (σ = 1.53) to 5.30 (σ = 1.30) and the average number of actions to complete the task from 12.60 (σ = 2.15) to 11.00 (σ = 0.89). This work is a further step through the adoption of DL and AR in the assistance domain. In future works, we will overcome the limitations of this approach and develop a complete mobile CAD system that could be extended to any object that presents a 3D counterpart model.
Clinical, biochemical features and functional outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2-related subacute thyroiditis: a review
Authors: Viola N. , Brancatella A. , Sgrò D. , Santini F. , Latrofa F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
SARS CoV-2 infection involves many organs and systems, including the thyroid, in which it manifests itself as subacute thyroiditis (SAT). After our first description of SAT due to SARS-CoV2 infection, other reports have confirmed the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and SAT. We review the cases of SAT associated with COVID-19 to highlight its peculiar clinical and biochemical features, including its outcome and what it has added to our understanding of SAT.

Results
We have reviewed 24 articles, for a total of 69 cases of SAT related to SARS-CoV2 infection. All had neck pain, whereas thyrotoxicosis was documented in 68/68 who had their thyroid function checked. Ultrasound, performed in 67 patients, was typical of SAT in 65 and low uptake at scintigraphy was demonstrated in all 12 evaluated patients. Patients had a prompt response to the anti-inflammatory and/or glucocorticoid therapy, as expected in SAT. The rate of hypothyroidism was higher (36.5%) in COVID-19-related SAT compared to that observed in the pre-COVID era (10%).

Conclusions
Clinical, biochemical, and instrumental features of SAT related to SARS-CoV2 are like those observed in SAT cases reported prior to COVID-19 pandemic, but it appears more severe.
Long-Lasting Impact of Sugar Intake on Neurotrophins and Neurotransmitters from Adolescence to Young Adulthood in Rat Frontal Cortex
Authors: Spagnuolo Maria Stefania , Mazzoli Arianna , Nazzaro Martina , Troise Antonio Dario , Gatto Cristina , Tonini Claudia , Colardo Mayra , Segatto Marco , Scaloni Andrea , Pallottini Valentina , Iossa Susanna , Cigliano Luisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe detrimental impact of fructose, a widely used sweetener in industrial foods, was previously evidenced on various brain regions. Although adolescents are among the highest consumers of sweet foods, whether brain alterations induced by the sugar intake during this age persist until young adulthood or are rescued returning to a healthy diet remains largely unexplored. To shed light on this issue, just weaned rats were fed with a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. At the end of the treatment, fructose-fed rats underwent a control diet for a further 3 weeks until young adulthood phase and compared with animals that received from the beginning the healthy control diet. We focused on the consequences induced by the sugar on the main neurotrophins and neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, as its maturation continues until late adolescence, thus being the last brain region to achieve a full maturity. We observed that fructose intake induces inflammation and oxidative stress, alteration of mitochondrial function, and changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin receptors, synaptic proteins, acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate levels, as well as increased formation of the glycation end-products Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL). Importantly, many of these alterations (BDNF, CML, CEL, acetylcholinesterase activity, dysregulation of neurotransmitters levels) persisted after switching to the control diet, thus pointing out to the adolescence as a critical phase, in which extreme attention should be devoted to limit an excessive consumption of sweet foods that can affect brain physiology also in the long term.
Barriers to evidence use for sustainability: Insights from pesticide policy and practice
Authors: Hofmann Benjamin , Ingold Karin , Stamm Christian , Ammann Priska , Eggen Rik I. L. , Finger Robert , Fuhrimann Samuel , Lienert Judit , Mark Jennifer , McCallum Chloe , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Reber Ueli , Tamm Lucius , Wiget Milena , Winkler Mirko S. , Zachmann Lucca , Hoffmann Sabine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCalls for supporting sustainability through more and better research rest on an incomplete understanding of scientific evidence use. We argue that a variety of barriers to a transformative impact of evidence arises from diverse actor motivations within different stages of evidence use. We abductively specify this variety in policy and practice arenas for three actor motivations (truth-seeking, sense-making, and utility-maximizing) and five stages (evidence production, uptake, influence on decisions, effects on sustainability outcomes, and feedback from outcome evaluations). Our interdisciplinary synthesis focuses on the sustainability challenge of reducing environmental and human health risks of agricultural pesticides. It identifies barriers resulting from (1) truth-seekers’ desire to reduce uncertainty that is complicated by evidence gaps, (2) sense-makers’ evidence needs that differ from the type of evidence available, and (3) utility-maximizers’ interests that guide strategic evidence use. We outline context-specific research–policy–practice measures to increase evidence use for sustainable transformation in pesticides and beyond.
Electrical characteristics of new three-phase traction power supply system for rail transit
Authors: Huang Xiaohong , Wang Hanlin , Li Qunzhan , Yang Naiqi , Ren Tao , Peng You , Li Haoyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA novel three-phase traction power supply system is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by electric phase separation in catenary and accomplish a unifying manner of traction power supply for rail transit. With the application of two-stage three-phase continuous power supply structure, the electrical characteristics exhibit new features differing from the existing traction system. In this work, the principle for voltage levels determining two-stage network is dissected in accordance with the requirements of traction network and electric locomotive. The equivalent model of three-phase traction system is built for deducing the formula of current distribution and voltage losses. Based on the chain network model of the traction network, a simulation model is established to analyze the electrical characteristics such as traction current distribution, voltage losses, system equivalent impedance, voltage distribution, voltage unbalance and regenerative energy utilization. In a few words, quite a lot traction current of about 99% is undertaken by long-section cable network. The proportion of system voltage losses is small attributed to the two-stage three-phase power supply structure, and the voltage unbalance caused by impedance asymmetry of traction network is less than 1‰. In addition, the utilization rate of regenerative energy for locomotive achieves a significant promotion of over 97%.
The Pandemic and Constitutionalism
Authors: Halmai Gábor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses the reactions of different political and constitutional systems reactions to the pandemic and also the impact of COVID to populism, constitutionalism, and autocracy. Beyond the choice between economic and health considerations also applied in liberal democratic countries, which have lead either to “under-” or “overreaction” to the pandemic, certain illiberal regimes used the crisis situation as a pretext to strengthen the autocratic character of their systems. In some cases, this needed an “underreach,” like in Poland to insist on the presidential election, which has been important to entrench the power of the governing party’s incumbent, elsewhere “overreach,” like in Hungary, where an unlimited emergency power of government has been introduced after the very first cases of contagion. These autocratic “overreactions” have breached the formerly used authoritarian legalistic approaches by openly violating their own illiberal constitutions. New “conservative” theories on “common good constitutionalism” emerged to legitimize the necessity of authoritative rule by the executive power. The paper concludes that one possibility to overcome authoritarian populism and restore constitutionalism in crisis situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic would be to rely on the involvement of the well informed public, one that is capable to understand and assess the advice of the meritocratic elite. This kind of participation would also help build up a constitutional culture necessary to preserve the values of constitutionalism.
Impact of SARS CoV-2 /COVID-19 infection on the course of advanced chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pazgan-Simon Monika , Kucharska Marta , Górka-Dynysiewicz Joanna , Simon Krzysztof 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
About 20% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop COVID-19—the disease that has dominated health care in the last two years. The course of COVID-19 in patients with advanced liver disease tends to be severe, patients also suffer from a higher risk of complications and death. The primary object of this study was to assess the risk and causes of death in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and methods
From a group of 4,314 patients hospitalized at Jerzy Gromkowski Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw (Poland) due to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection between March 15, 2020, and January 31, 2022, we selected a cohort of 31 patients with liver cirrhosis (12 women and 19 men) and 7 patients with HCC developed on the cirrhotic liver (1 woman, 6 men). The control group included 123 patients without liver disease. In the entire cohort, we analyzed the course of COVID-19 infection, baseline oxygen demand, liver function (assessed using the CTP—Child-Turoctte-Pugh score and MELD—Model of End-Stage Liver Disease scales), length of hospitalization, development of acute-on-chronic liver failure, and deaths.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 56.6 years in the liver cirrhosis group, 63.3 years for patients with (HCC) hepatocellular carcinoma, and 64 years in the control group. Time of hospitalization averaged 15.52 days and 11.14 days for patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, respectively. For the control group, the average duration of the hospital stay was 11.61 days. With respect to baseline liver function assessed using the CTP score, in the cirrhosis group 10 patients were CTP class A, 19 patients were class B and 9 patients were class C. The cancer group included 3 patients with class A, 2 patients with class B, and 2 patients with class C. In the studied cohort, 22 patients had a baseline MELD score < 12 points, and in 15 patients was > 12. In the HCC group, it was, respectively, CTP A:3, B: 2, C: 2, and MELD < 12: 3, ≥12: 4 people. Most of these patients presented with a progression of liver disease. Fifteen patients died, including 12 with cirrhosis and 3 with HCC, accounting for 39.47% in the entire cohort, 39% in the cirrhotic group and 43% in the HCC group, and 13 in the control group (10.6%), There was a clear statistical difference between the mortality rate in the group with liver disease and in the control group.

Conclusions
Infection with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in patients with cirrhosis and HCC tends to have a more severe course and leads to exacerbation of the liver disease. The most common cause of death in the analyzed cohort infected with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 was the progression of liver disease, complicated by liver failure.
The Russia–Ukraine war disproportionately threatens the nutrition security of developing countries
Authors: Deng Zhongci , Li Cai , Wang Zhen , Kang Ping , Hu Yuanchao , Pan Haozhi , Liu Gang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the ongoing Russia–Ukraine war threatens global nutrition security, the magnitude and extent of its impact remain underexamined. Here we show that, with the lowest level of war duration, severity, sanction, and countries involved, the direct and indirect impacts of the war and sanctions could newly place 67.3 million people (roughly equals the total population of France) in undernourishment and 316.7 million people (roughly equals the total population of Bangladesh and Russia) suffering from extreme national food insecurity. Approximately 95% of the affected population are from developing countries, highlighting the vulnerability of food supply in these countries. Both the undernourished population and its inequality across countries will substantially grow, if war duration and severity increase. If the war is prolonged to early 2024, future agricultural growth cannot fully offset the negative impacts, and global hunger will still very likely exacerbate. We conclude that targeted measures should be placed in developing countries and their vulnerable populations to reconstruct a just, healthy, and environmentally sustainable food system.
Competitive Liberalization, Postneoliberalism, and Hegemony: The Case of the US-Peru Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Kat Quintijn B. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPostneoliberal regionalism in Latin America has failed to live up to the expectations of its proponents and analysts in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Several causes explain its disappointing result, but a relatively understudied cause may be found in the US policy of competitive liberalization. This policy not only aimed at securing US economic and trade interests but also served as a counterweight against emerging postneoliberalism and as a tool for reaffirming US hegemony. This article presents a case study of one example of competitive liberalization in action, the US-Peru FTA, in order to assess how the policy functioned and contributed to curbing the posthegemonic moment in Latin America. It observes a combination of coercion and the political influence of beneficiaries of free trade, and it considers how these dynamics worked to strengthen US influence, both in Peru and in the wider regional political economy.
The Place of Bearwards in Early Modern England
Authors: Davies Callan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article recognizes the significance of commercial entertainment producers in early modern England operating outside of London. In doing so, it offers fresh methodological approaches for understanding pre-modern social status. I explore the geographical and social places of independent bearwards – individuals who kept bears for the commercial sport of baiting. Regional figures involved in entertainment production have been little explored and left behind frustratingly few biographical details. Yet three generations of one family – the Whitestones of Ormskirk in Lancashire (1610s through the 1630s) – do leave substantial surviving documentary evidence about their activities, assets, and networks. I use the Whitestones's probate inventories and wills and their and their neighbours’ court depositions and petitions to offer for the first time a holistic appraisal of the material, economic, and cultural circumstances of the bearward. By stepping inside the households and communities of several generations of independent entertainment producers, we can appreciate their complex and variable social status and the role of commercial recreation in social mobility. I finish by considering the human–animal relationships that underpinned the bearward's place in early modern England, offering fresh evidence of bears’ living arrangements and a theoretical framework for discussing their exploitation in the blood sport industry.
Polymer-coated urea application can increase both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency injaponica-indicahybrid rice
Authors: Xu R. , Chen S. , Xu C.M. , Liu Y.H. , Zhang X.F. , Wang D. Y. , Chu G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated whether the one-time application of polymer-coated urea (PCU) before transplanting could simultaneously improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ofjaponica-indicahybrid rice (JIHR) through a field experiment. The local high-yield JIHR cultivar Chunyou-927 was field grown during the rice-growing seasons in 2019 and 2020. The experiment consisted of three treatments: no nitrogen application (0N), application of conventional urea (CU), and the one-time application of PCU. Grain yield was 1.0–1.3 t/ha higher, and agronomic NUE (kg grain yield increase per kg N applied) was 5.2–5.9 kg/kg higher, respectively, under the PCU treatment compared with the CU treatment across the two study years. When compared with the CU treatment, the PCU treatment could (1) improve root morphological trait, (2) reduce redundant vegetative growth during the early growth period, (3) increase matter production during the mid and late growth period, and (4) increase plant activity during the grain-filling period. Overall, our findings indicate that one-time PCU application before transplanting of the JIHR cultivar holds great promise for increasing grain yield and NUE.