bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Medicinal Chemist’s Perspective Towards Structure Activity Relationship of Heterocycle Based Anticancer Agents
Authors: Nehra Bhupender , Mathew Bijo , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim:
This paper aims to describe the structure activity relationship of heterocyclic deriva-tives with multi-targeted anticancer activity.

Objectives:
With the following goals in mind, this review tries to describe significant recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of heterocycle-based compounds: (1) To shed light on recent literature focused on heterocyclic derivatives' anticancer potential; (2) To discuss recent advances in the medic-inal chemistry of heterocyclic derivatives, as well as their biological implications for cancer eradica-tion; (3) To summarise the comprehensive correlation of structure activity relationship (SAR) with pharmacological outcomes in cancer therapy.

Background:
Cancer remains one of the major serious health issues in the world today. Cancer is a complex disease in which improperly altered cells proliferate at an uncontrolled, rapid, and severe rate. Variables such as poor dietary habits, high stress, age, and smoking, can all contribute to the development of cancer. Cancer can affect almost any organ or tissue, although the brain, breast, liver, and colon are the most frequently affected organs. For several years, surgical operations and irradia-tion have been in use along with chemotherapy as a primary treatment of cancer, but still, effective treatment of cancer remains a huge challenge. Chemotherapy is now considered one of the most ef-fective strategies to eradicate cancer, although it has been shown to have a number of cytotoxic and unfavourable effects on normal cells. Despite all of these cancer treatments, there are several other targets for anticancer drugs. Cancer can be effectively eradicated by focusing on these targets, includ-ing cell-specific and receptor-specific targets such as tyrosine kinase receptors (TKIs). Heterocyclic scaffolds also have a variety of applications in drug development and are a common moiety in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and textile industries.

Methods:
The association between structural activity relationship data of many powerful compounds and their anticancer potential in vitro and in vivo has been studied. SAR of powerful heterocyclic compounds can also be generated using molecular docking simulations, as reported in literature.

Conclusions:
Heterocycles have a wide range of applications, from natural compounds to synthesised derivatives with powerful anticancer properties. To avoid cytotoxicity or unfavourable effects on normal mammalian cells due to a lack of selectivity towards the target site, as well as to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, safer anticancer lead compounds with higher potency and lower cyto-toxicity are needed. This review emphasizes on design and development of heterocyclic lead com-pounds with promising anticancer potential.
Structural DNA Nanotechnology: Immobile Holliday Junctions to Artifi
Authors: Narayanan Raghu Pradeep , Abraham Leeza 
Published: January 2022

Abstreact:
DNA nanotechnology marvels the scientific world with its capabilities to design, engineer, and demonstrate nanoscale shapes. This review is a condensed version walking the reader through the structural developments in the field over the past 40 years starting from the basic design rules of the double-stranded building block to the most recent advancements in self-assembled hierarchically achieved structures to date. It builds off from the fundamental motivation of building 3-dimensional (3D) lattice structures of tunable cavities going all the way up to artificial nanorobots fighting cancer. The review starts by covering the most important developments from the fundamental bottom-up approach of building structures, which is the ‘tile’ based approach covering 1D, 2D, and 3D building blocks, after which, the top-down approach using DNA origami and DNA bricks is also covered. Thereafter, DNA nanostructures assembled using not so commonly used (yet promising) techniques like i-motifs, quadruplexes, and kissing loops are covered. Highlights from the field of dynamic DNA nanostructures have been covered as well, walking the reader through the various approaches used within the field to achieve movement. The article finally concludes by giving the authors a view of what the future of the field might look like while suggesting in parallel new directions that fellow/future DNA nanotechnologists could think about.
One-pot Synthesis of a New Hydroxamic Acid and its Complexes with
Metals
Authors: Abbasova Gulu , Medjidov Ajdar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
A one-pot conversion of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic aldehyde to hydroxamic acid was described.
An efficient photoorganocatalytic method of synthesis was developed. The obtained hydroxamic acid was
identified by various physicochemical methods such as IR, UV- and NMR-spectroscopy. Solid colored
complexes of copper (II) and iron (II), respectively, green and brown colours with the obtained hydroxamic
acid were synthesized in ethanol medium for the first time. The molar ratio of ligand and
metal in the complex was 2:1. Their structures were established using IR, UV- spectroscopy and thermogravimetric
analysis.
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkoxymethylhalides for Multipurpose
Mixed Acetals; Scope and Limitations
Authors: Nisar Muhammad , Gondal Humaira Yasmeen , Cheema Zain Maqsood , Abbasskhan Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The work describes a detailed account of the Lewis acid-catalyzed preparation of structurally
variant alkoxymethyl halides. A series of Lewis acids with different halogenating agents are evaluated
for the cleavage of bis-alkoxymethanes, where several readily available Lewis acids were found to
exhibit high catalytic potential. SOCl2 with MgCl2 was found to be one of the best combinations for the
facile and efficient preparation of structurally diverse alkoxymethyl halides under solvent-free conditions.
The efficacy of the methodology was established to obtain a wide range of mixed acetals through
alkoxymethylation of phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen containing nucleophiles. The present
procedure has significant advantages including simplicity, generality, rapidity, and availability of reagents.
Wonderful Natural Drugs with Surprising Nutritional Values, Rheum
Species, Gifts of the Nature
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Cheng Qi , Sun Wenli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Nutrition therapy on the basis of traditional medicinal plants and herbs is common in
many Asian countries, especially Iran and China. Rheum species, especially rhubarbs, belong to
plant medicines recognized in 2500 BC. An online search of the literature was carried out at Pubmed/
Medline, Scopus, and Google scholar, covering all years until April 2021. The following key
terms were used, usually in combinations: Rheum species, rhubarb, natural products, pharmaceutical
benefits, anthraquinones and anthranone. After performing the literature search, the bibliographies
of all articles were checked for cross-references that were not found in the search databases.
Articles were selected if they reported any biological effects, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical
compounds and botanical description of Rheum species. The most important components of rhubarb
are anthraquinones, anthranone, stilbenes, tannins and butyrophenones. Anthraquinones consist
of rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin and chrysophanl, and anthranone includes sennosides and
rheinosides. The most important health benefits of rhubarb are antioxidant and anticancer activities,
antimicrobial activity, wound healing action, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic effects, and
nephroprotective effect, as well as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities. Integration
of both traditional pharmaceutical science and modern medicines may promote sustainability,
lead to organic life and promote the cultivation of medicinal plants.
Benefits of Coffee Consumption for Human Health: An Overview
Authors: Pereira Jéssica Petrine Castro , Pereira Fernanda Aparecida Castro , Pimenta Carlos José 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and is popular
for its characteristic flavor and rich organoleptic properties.

Aim:
Based on published articles, the aims of this review are i) study the association between
coffee consumption and benefits to human health; ii) the effects of coffee consumption on
some pathologies; and iii) provide a description of coffee’s bioactive compounds.

Discussion:
Coffee presents bioactive compounds, which include phenolic compounds, especially
chlorogenic acid (caffeoylquinic acid), trigonelline, and diterpenes, such as cafestol and
kahweol. These compounds are related to the beneficial effects for human health, including
high antioxidant activity, antimutagenic activity, hepatoprotective action, reduced incidence of
type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, decreased incidence of inflammatory
diseases, reduced menopausal symptoms, and others. Coffee’s bioactive compounds
are caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, cafestol and kahweol, which are closely related
to coffee’s beneficial effects.

Conclusion:
The present review clarified that the benefits of moderate coffee consumption
outweigh the associated risks.
Single-Atom Nanocatalysts for Biosensing Application
Authors: Ge Xiaoxiao , Liu Zhifan , Zhang Weiying , Guo Shaojun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Single-atom (SA) catalysts, as a rising star in the catalytic field, have many advantages
over traditional nanocatalysts. SA catalysts have improved catalytic activity, a simple and tunable
structure, and obvious active sites, which might provide a good opportunity for biosensing technique
innovation. This paper will review the latest research progress of SA catalysts in the biosensing
field. In particular, we will emphasize on the biosensing strategies for the determination of
disease-related biological matrices (H2O2, biological enzyme, NO) and environmental pollutants
(organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metal ions, and volatile organic compounds). Finally, we
will provide some perspective and discuss the challenges that SA catalysts continue to face.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Studies of New Heterocyclic
Compounds Derived from β-Diketones as Novel EGFR and Pim-1 Inhibitors
Endowed with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Mohareb Rafat Milad , Bagato Noha M. Asaad , Radwan Ibrahim Taha 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Cancer is a disease illustrated by a shift in the controlled mechanisms that control both cell
proliferation and differentiation. It is regarded as a prime health problem worldwide and a leading cause of human
death rate exceeded only by cardiovascular diseases. Many reported works are concerned with discovering new antitumor
compounds, encouraging us to synthesize new anticancer agents.

Objective:
In this work, we aimed to synthesize target molecules from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds through heterocyclization
reactions.

Method:
The reaction of either 4-methylaniline (1a) or 1-naphthylamine (1b) with diethyl malonate (2) gave the anilide
derivatives 3a and 3b, respectively. The latter underwent a series of heterocyclization reactions to give the pyridine,
pyran, and thiazole derivatives confirmed by the required spectral data.

Results:
The in-vitro antitumor evaluation of the newly synthesized products against three cancer cell lines, MCF-7,
NCI-H460, SF-268, and WI 38, which were used as the normal cell lines, was conducted, and the data revealed that
compounds 11a, 18b, 18c, and 20d showed high antitumor activity and 20d individualized with potential antitumor
activity towards cell lines with lowest cytotoxicity effect. Both EGFR and PIM-1 enzymes inhibition were investigated
for the compound 20d, and it was found that the inhibition effect of compound 20d was promising for each enzyme,
showing IC50 = 45.67 ng and 553.3 ng for EGFR and PIM-1, respectively.

Conclusion:
Molecular docking results of compound 20d showed strong binding interactions with both the enzymes,
where good binding modes were obtained in the case of EGFR, which was closely similar to the binding mode of
standard Erlotinib.While 20d showed complete superimposition binding interactions with VRV-cocrystallized ligand
of PIM-1 that may expound the in-vitro antitumor activity.
Enhanced Anti-Proliferative Effect of Carboplatin in Ovarian Cancer
Cells Exploiting Chitosan-Poly (Lactic Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles
Authors: Dhanapal Jeevitha , Alassaif Fatima Redah , Alassaif Eman Redah , Kaushik Amit Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The present article aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin (CP)
using the formulation of chitosan-poly (lactic glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CS-PLGA NPs).

Methods:
Nanoparticles were synthesized by an ionic gelation method and were characterized for their
morphology, particle size, and surface potential measurements by TEM and zeta sizer. This study was
highlighted for the evaluation of drug entrapment, loading and in vitro drug release capabilities of the
prepared nanoparticles by spectrophotometric analysis. The stability study was also conducted after 3
months for their particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies. Further, ovarian
cancer cell line PEO1 was used to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of nano-formulation by MTT
assay. Additionally, the study was evaluated for apoptosis using flow cytometric analysis.

Result:
The CS-PLGA-CP NPs were uniform and spherical in shape. The particle size and zeta potential
of CS-PLGA-CP NPs were measured to be 156 ±6.8 nm and +52 ±2.4 mV, respectively. High encapsulation
(87.4 ± 4.5 %) and controlled retention capacities confirmed the efficiency of the prepared
nanoparticles in a time and dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity assay results also showed that
CS-PLGA-CP NPs have a high efficiency on PEO1 cells compared to the free drug. The flow cytometric
result showed 64.25 % of the PEO1 cells were apoptotic, and 8.42 % were necrotic when treated
with CS-PLGA-CP NPs.

Conclusion:
Chitosan-PLGA combinational polymeric nanoparticles were not only steady but also
non-toxic. Our experiments revealed that the chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles could be used as a challenging
vehicle candidate for drug delivery for the therapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer.
Polysaccharides to Combat Viruses (COVID-19) and Microbes: New
updates
Authors: AlMatar Manaf , Makky Essam A. , Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila , Kafkas Nesibe Ebru , Köksal Fatih 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
COVID-19, which is speedily distributed across the world and presents a significant
challenge to public health, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2). Following MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS, this is the third severe
coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years. To date, there are no exact agents and vaccines available
for the treatment of COVID-19 that are clinically successful. Antimicrobial medications are effective
in controlling infectious diseases. However, the extensive use of antibiotics makes microbes
more resistant to drugs and demands novel bioactive agents’ development. Polysaccharides are currently
commonly used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries for their remarkable applications.
Polysaccharides appear to have a wide range of anti-virus (anti-coronavirus) and antimicrobial
applications. Polysaccharides are able to induce bacterial cell membrane disruption as they demonstrate
potency in binding onto the surfaces of microbial cells. Here, the antiviral mechanisms
of such polysaccharides and their success in the application of antiviral infections are reviewed. Additionally,
this report provides a summary of current advancements of well-recognized
polysaccharides as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents.
Evaluation of Rare-earth Sesquioxides Nanoparticles as a Bottom-up
Strategy Toward the Formation of Functional Structures
Authors: dos Santos Silas Cardoso , Rodrigues Junior Orlando , Campos Leticia Lucente 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The strategy to form functional structures based on powder technology relies
on the concept of nanoparticles characteristics. Rare-earth sesquioxides (RE2O3; RE as Y, Tm, Eu)
exhibit remarkable properties, and their fields of application include energy, astronomy, environmental,
medical, information technology, industry, and materials science. The purpose of this paper is to
evaluate the characteristics of RE2O3 nanoparticles as a bottom-up strategy to form functional materials
for radiation dosimetry.

Methods:
The RE2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by the following techniques: XRD, SEM, PCS,
FTIR, ICP, EPR, and zeta potential.

Results:
All RE2O3 samples exhibited cubic C-type structure in accordance with the sesquioxide diagram,
chemical composition over 99.9 %, monomodal mean particle size distribution, in which d50
value was inferior to 130 nm. Among all samples, only yttrium oxide exhibited an EPR signal, in
which the most intense peak was recorded at 358mT and g 1.9701.

Conclusion:
Evaluating nanoparticle characteristics is extremely important by considering a bottom-up
strategy to form functional materials. The RE2O3 nanoparticles exhibit promising characteristics for
application in radiation dosimetry.
A Mapping Analysis of Maintenance in Industry 4.0
Authors: Di Nardo Mario , Madonna M. , Addonizio P. , Gallab Maryam 
Published: January 2022

This paper analyses and reviews the most important literature papers relating to the evolution of maintenance in Industry 4.0 and its applications. The topic's importance is stated by n increasing number of publications in this field, which suggested a systematic literature review.
The proliferation of hardware devices in the workplace, such as smartphones and tablets, has caused engineers to develop the industrial sector 's maintenance world. This review aims to classify the literature published from 2015 to early 2020 to identify the major benefits and areas where it obtained them. This study surveys the latest approaches and emerging trends in maintenance management strategies commonly used in the era of Industry 4.0. It discusses the state-of-the-art of Industry 4.0 technology and the associated use of manufacturing and maintenance management. The data collection was obtained by conducting a systematic search of the literature.
A Persepsi Remaja Terhadap Kontrol Perilaku HIV AIDS Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Parigi Tahun 2021
Authors: Gunawan I Wayan Agus , Lubis Dinar , SeriAni Luh 
Published: January 2022

HIV AIDS merupakan permasalahan kesehatan yang sangat rentan berisiko terjadi pada usia remaja karena remaja masa peralihan dari anak-anak kemasa dewasa. Kabuputen Parigi Moutong merupakan daerah tertinggal yang sementara berkembang. Temuan kasus HIV AIDS serta adanya kasus penyalahgunaan narkoba pada usia remaja dikarenakan bebasnya pergaulan serta kurangnya kontrol dari orang tua. Hal ini cendrung mengakibatkan remaja berisiko terkena penyakit HIV AIDS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, norma subjektif remaja terhadap kontrol perilaku HIV AIDS di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Parigi tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Parigi pada bulan April tahun 2021. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode wawancara mendalam dengan 13 informan diantaranya 8 remaja sebagai informan utama, 5 informan pendukung yang teridiri dari tiga kepala sekolah, satu petugas kesehatan dan satu orang tua remaja. Data hasil penelitian selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode tematik. Hasil penelitian diperoleh remaja memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang tentang HIV AIDS, sehubungan dengan efektifitas penyebaran informasi kesehatan HIV AIDS dikalangan remaja sekolah serta minat remaja untuk ingin tahu tentang HIV AIDS yang masih kurang. Remaja mempunyai sikap, norma subjektif serta persepsi yang positif terhadap kontrol perilaku HIV AIDS. Kesimpulan remaja masih memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang tentang HIV AIDS, sementara itu remaja memiliki sikap, norma subjektif dan kontrol perilaku yang positif terhadap perilaku HIV AIDS sehingga remaja dapat mencegah /menghindari perilaku HIV AIDS.
Is it All in the Mind(Fulness)? An Exploratory Study Assessing the Impact of Mindfulness on Professional Skepticism
Authors: Cross Jessica Maree , Moroney Robyn , Phang Soon-Yeow 
Published: January 2022

SYNOPSIS
Motivated by regulator concerns that auditors do not always demonstrate sufficient professional skepticism (hereafter skepticism), we consider whether a brief mindfulness intervention can assist. Research has demonstrated that mindfulness interventions help people focus on tasks in a range of settings. We draw on this research to predict, and find, that when novice auditors undertake a mindfulness intervention, they demonstrate greater skepticism than other novice auditors. This exploratory study provides preliminary evidence of an accessible intervention that can encourage greater skepticism.
An Audit Quality Inspection Scandal: Ethical Lapses in a Misguided Attempt to Alleviate Regulatory Scrutiny
Authors: Keyser John D. , Smith Jason L. , Stephens Nathaniel M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In 2017, KPMG discovered that several high-ranking partners in its Department of Professional Practice (DPP) had surreptitiously obtained highly confidential information on upcoming PCAOB inspections. In obtaining this information, these KPMG partners were able to anticipate and prepare for PCAOB inspections, causing the firm's inspection deficiency rate to plummet and its executives to tout the success of their efforts to improve audit quality. Once the firm discovered the scandal, the individuals involved were terminated, and six of them were ultimately convicted of felonies. This case study introduces students to relevant auditing standards, audit quality concepts, and facilitates discussion of a number of ethical issues. Learning objectives for this case include obtaining an understanding of the PCAOB and its inspection program, understanding audit documentation standards, demonstrating the ability to evaluate ethical issues, applying the fraud triangle in a unique setting, and assessing responsibility for the various parties involved.
Proprietary Costs: Why Do R&D-Active Firms Choose Single-Lender Financing?
Authors: Griffin Paul A. , Hong Hyun A. , Ryou Ji Woo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine whether proprietary costs drive R&D-active firms' choice of private loan structure. We find that R&D-active firms are more likely to choose single-lender over multi-lender private loan financing. This is consistent with the theory that high-ability entrepreneurs protect their proprietary knowledge by communicating it to a single lender while disclosing generic and less sensitive information to the public. This propensity, however, significantly decreases after the enactment of the American Inventor's Protection Act (AIPA), which accelerated public disclosure of firms' patent details in filings with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. This accelerated public disclosure potentially caused R&D information to spill over to rivals, increasing the proprietary costs of single-lender borrowers. AIPA enactment also increased the spread on R&D-active firms' single-lender loans. These findings contribute to the voluntary disclosure and financing choice literature by linking R&D-active firms' choice of single-lender financing to the proprietary costs of public disclosure.
Data Availability: From public sources identified in the study.
JEL Classifications: G12; G14; G21; M41.