bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Low‐Dose Glucocorticoids in Surgical Patients With Abdominal Sepsis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tao Tianzhu , Shi Yue , Ye Xiaofei , Mi Weidong , Lou Jingsheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAbdominal sepsis refers to a severe and potentially life‐threatening condition characterized by the presence of infection, inflammation, and tissue damage within the abdominal cavity. Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in regulation of the host immune and inflammation responses involved in sepsis and surgery. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of intraoperative GCs administration on the clinical outcome of surgical patients with abdominal sepsis.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included a 1:1 propensity score–matched cohort of surgical patients afflicted with abdominal sepsis at two medical centers from January 2008 to December 2022. Patients were classified into low‐GCs, high‐GCs, and non‐GCs groups according to the dosage of steroids used intraoperatively, and in‐hospital mortality was designated as the primary outcome.ResultsThis study included a total of 476 patients, with 217 in the non‐GCs group, 213 in the low‐GCs group, and 46 in the high‐GCs group. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 7.56%. After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 168 cases in both the low‐GCs group and the non‐GCs group, with no significant differences observed between the groups regarding mortality rate, length of hospital‐stay, and duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. In patients with septic shock, the use of low‐dose GCs increased the urine output and decreased the requirements for vasopressors on the first postoperative day, however, it had no impact on the in‐hospital mortality or ICU stay. Moreover, prophylactic use of GCs during anesthesia induction did not decrease the incidence of intraoperative hypotension or necessity of vasopressors use.ConclusionIntraoperative administration of low‐dose GCs demonstrates a transient improvement in hemodynamics of patients with septic shock, however, it did not lead to improved clinical outcomes. Further research remains necessary to elucidate the optimal perioperative dosing strategy.
Mapping Normative Muscle Health Metrics Across the Aging Continuum: A Multinational Study Pooling Data From Eight Cohorts in Japan, Malaysia and Taiwan
Authors: Chen Liang‐Kung , Meng Lin‐Chieh , Peng Li‐Ning , Lee Wei‐Ju , Zhang Shu , Nishita Yukiko , Otsuka Rei , Yamada Minoru , Pan Wen‐Harn , Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah , Woo Jean , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan , Arai Hidenori 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe vigour of our musculature wanes as the years advance, and prognosticating the concomitant trajectories throughout the course of life assumes paramount importance for judicious and timely interventions. In the present study, we aimed to establish age‐ and sex‐specific reference centiles for multiple muscle health metrics and reveal the distributions of these metrics throughout the aging process in the Asian population.MethodsBy using cross‐sectional pooled data of community dwellers aged 20 years or older in eight cohorts from Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia, normative values for muscle health metrics (calf circumference (cm), relative appendicular skeletal muscle (RASM) (kilogram per square metre), body mass index (BMI)–adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kilogram/(kilogram per square metre)), handgrip strength (kilogram), five‐time chair stand (seconds) and gait speed (metre per second)) in men and women, categorized by age groups, are calculated. The mean values, along with the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of these muscle health metrics, are also delineated for both sexes.ResultsAmong 34 265 (16 164 men, 18 101 women) participants from eight cohorts, calf circumference declined in age groups from 60 years onward. RASM values declined from the 50s in men but were stable in women until the 80s. ASM/BMI values showed declines in older age groups for both sexes. Handgrip strength declined similarly from 40 years of age in both sexes. Five‐time chair stand performance declined from the 30s. Gait speed peaked at 1.6 m/s in men in their 50s and then declined, while it declined in women in their 60s. The inflection points for decline differed by metric and sex. The 20th percentile cutoffs for individuals aged 65–69 years were as follows: calf circumference, 33.0 cm (men) and 31.5 cm (women); RASM, 7.0 kg/m2 (men) and 5.5 kg/m2 (women); ASM/BMI, 0.78 kg/(kg/m2) (men) and 0.56 kg/(kg/m2) (women); handgrip strength, 30.4 kg (men) and 18.1 kg (women); five‐time chair stand, 9.4 s (men) and 10.0 s (women); and gait speed, 0.9 m/s (both). Those in the fifth percentile of all muscle health metrics faced earlier declines than their 95th percentile counterparts did, highlighting the critical roles in identifying these high‐risk groups.ConclusionThe pooled analysis of eight Asian cohorts clearly outlined the age‐related changes in various muscle health metrics, with the inflection point of accelerated decline showing age‐ and sex‐specific characteristics. Defining trajectories of muscle health metrics across life stages facilitates timely interventions to mitigate age‐related risks and promote healthy longevity.
SIRT6 Ameliorates Cancer Cachexia–Associated Adipose Wasting by Suppressing TNFR2 Signalling in Mice
Authors: Xu Kang , Wang Yida , Wang Fang , Guo Yannan , Ren Yu , Low Vivien , Cho Sungyun , Liu Qingfei , Qiu Ying , Li Xue , Yu Kang , Li Zhongchi , Wang Zhao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCachexia is a wasting syndrome associated with imbalanced energy metabolism and loss of adipose and muscle tissues and contributes to morbidity and mortality in ageing as well as in patients with severe chronic diseases, including cancer. At present, there are no treatments addressing cachexia that have reached validation to be used in the clinic. In this study, we investigate the protective role of SIRT6, an important regulator of energy homeostasis and health preservation, against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)–induced cachexia.MethodsSIRT6 levels of serum from gastric cancer patients (n = 22, 65.27 ± 12.50 years old, 40.9% females) and healthy controls (n = 22, 63.50 ± 10.77 years old, 45.4% females) were measured to evaluate the correlation between circulating SIRT6 levels and cancer cachexia development. Ten‐week‐old SIRT6 transgenic (TG) and wild type (WT) male mice injected with LLC cells (1.5 × 106 per mouse) were used to investigate the protective effects of SIRT6 on cachexia‐associated adipose browning and lipolysis and the underlying mechanisms. We explored the effect of SIRT6 on LLC‐conditioned medium induced lipolysis in mature adipocytes, differentiated from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We evaluated the in vitro effect of a SIRT6 activator by treatment of MDL800.ResultsSIRT6 concentrations were significantly higher in non‐cachectic cancer patients (3.41 ± 0.30 ng/mL) compared to cachectic cancer patients (3.20 ± 0.23 ng/mL, p < 0.01), suggesting the negative correlation between SIRT6 level and cachexia in patients with cancer. SIRT6 overexpression significantly ameliorated tumour‐induced wasting and energy expenditure in white adipose tissues (eWAT mass loss: 66% in WT vs. 32% in TG; iWAT mass loss: 69% in WT vs. 40% in TG) through suppression of browning and lipolysis. In LLC‐induced cachexia, tumour necrosis factor‐α receptor 2 (TNFR2) mediated the inhibition of SIRT6 on lipolytic signalling, because the difference in lipolysis between the WT and SIRT6 knockout group was almost eliminated by TNFR2 neutralizing antibody. Increased serum TNFR2 concentration was found in cachectic cancer patients (690.41 pg/mL in non‐cachectic vs. 1166.98 pg/mL in cachectic patients, p < 0.05). A selective SIRT6 pharmaceutical activator, MDL800, could completely reverse LLC‐induced lipolysis in adipocytes.ConclusionWe found an unexpected beneficial function of SIRT6 in cancer cachexia, demonstrating that increased SIRT6 expression or activity is capable of protecting the host against cachexia‐associated tissue wasting, providing a concept of future therapies for cachexia.
Supervision for genetic counselors: The role of career‐long supervision to develop resilient practitioners
Authors: McEwen Alison , Davys Allyson , Weil Jon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSupervision is a professional activity that provides practitioners with opportunities to reflect on, integrate and learn from work experiences, build resilience, and develop and review their professional identity through reflective conversations with a supervisor and/or peers. Supervision involves a contractual agreement between a supervisor and supervisee (practitioner), that recognizes the accountability of the supervision process to professional and organizational standards and protocols. Incorporating supervision into practice for genetic counselors at all career stages provides a way to develop and strengthen competence and practice and support genetic counselor well‐being and client safety. Evidence also suggests that active engagement with effective professional supervision reduces the likelihood of burnout in healthcare workers. Genetic counselors in some parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, participate in career‐long supervision as a requirement of certification and registration. As the genetic counseling profession expands and diversifies, individuals and professional societies are encouraged to embed the practice of supervision beyond graduate training, establishing a professional culture that values career‐long facilitated reflection and learning. We propose the establishment of a global genetic counseling supervision community of practice for genetic counselors interested in developing supervision practices and sharing resources.
RNA Interference Targeting Small Heat Shock Protein B8 Failed to Improve Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy in the Mouse Model
Authors: Vendredy Leen , De Winter Vicky , Van Lent Jonas , Orije Jasmien , Authier Tatiana Da Silva , Katona Istvan , Asselbergh Bob , Adriaenssens Elias , Weis Joachim , Verhoye Marleen , Timmerman Vincent 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMissense mutations in the HSPB8 gene, encoding the small heat shock protein B8, cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or an axonal form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT subtype 2L). Mice expressing mutant Hspb8 (Lys141Asn) mimic the human disease, whereas mice lacking Hspb8 show no overt phenotype. We aimed to design an RNA interference treatment strategy that rescues the mutant HSPB8 neuronal and muscle phenotype in patient‐derived motor neurons and in a knock‐in mouse model of CMT2L/dHMN.MethodsWe optimized RNA interference sequences targeting both human HSPB8 and mouse HspB8 transcripts with the aim to alleviate disease symptoms. We used human induced pluripotent stem cells and the Hspb8 knock‐in mouse model. We designed lenti‐ and adeno‐associated viral vectors that contained the short‐hairpin RNA constructs. We performed expression and microscopy studies, magnetic resonance imaging, behaviour analysis and electrophysiology.ResultsIn CMT2L patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated towards motor neurons, reducing the HSPB8 expression with a short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA), directed towards the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), ameliorated the morphology and fragmentation of mitochondria. The AAV9‐mediated treatment of the 3′UTR shRNA construct, under neuron‐specific regulation, in Hspb8 knock‐in mice showed inconclusive results towards functional improvement upon expression studies, magnetic resonance imaging and neuropathological findings.ConclusionsGiven the limited beneficial effect of the treatment, the RNA interference–mediated reduction of HSPB8/Hspb8 expression might not be the best therapeutic strategy to treat dHMN/CMT2L, unless a higher viral load and earlier treatment can be applied to the mouse model.
Habitat and connectivity‐based conservation strategies for the vulnerable Lorestan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) in the Zagros Mountains, Iran
Authors: Vaissi Somaye , Mohammadi Alireza 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Lorestan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) is a vulnerable amphibian endemic to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. This study aimed to identify core habitats, assess potential dispersal corridors, and evaluate the effectiveness of current conservation efforts. Ensemble species distribution models predicted suitable habitat across the newt's range, with annual precipitation and temperature as the most influential factors. Connectivity simulations revealed critical core habitats, primarily concentrated in the northwestern region, that spanned 2,233.43 km², none of which fell within designated protected areas. Corridor analysis identified viable dispersal pathways between northern and southern populations, but only 2.77% of the corridor network was protected. Roads and dams frequently intersected putative corridors, posing significant fragmentation threats. These results underscore the urgent need for expanded conservation efforts, including the establishment of new protected areas and measures to mitigate habitat fragmentation, to ensure the connectivity and long‐term viability of Lorestan newt populations. Our findings provide valuable insights to guide future conservation strategies for this endangered species.
Deep medial collateral ligament plays a stabilising role under degenerative medial meniscus root tears
Authors: Funchal Luis Fernando Z. , Galibern Leonardo , Ortiz Rafael , Astur Diego C. , Cohen Moises , Roesler Carlos R. , Fancello Eduardo A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeSeveral posterior medial meniscal root (PMMR) repair techniques have been developed to restore the load‐bearing function of the meniscus and reduce extrusion. The medial meniscotibial ligament (MMTL) has been shown to play a significant role in meniscal stability. This study evaluates the stabilising function of the MMTL by directly influencing the force exerted on the PMMR during weight‐bearing and valgus motion of the knee. Our aim is to investigate whether loss of MMTL integrity is a determining factor in PMMR subluxation.MethodsUsing a 3D model of the knee with parameters from experimental studies, compressive and valgus loading scenarios were simulated using the finite element method to analyse the mechanical response of different knee structures. To investigate the correlation between the integrity of the MMTL and the force acting on the PMMR, different degrees and types of injuries to both structures were modelled for comparison with the healthy joint, providing insights into their importance in preventing or correcting extrusion.ResultsDuring compressive loading, tears in the MMTL and PMMR result in a 5.8% and 30.9% increase in meniscal extrusion, respectively, while a combined injury results in a 43.9% increase, indicating that the MMTL provides a secondary constraint against extrusion. Moreover, the importance of the MMTL in restraining extrusion becomes more pronounced as the PMMR weakens, as is typical in degenerative tears. Finally, during valgus motion, the MMTL prevents separation of the meniscus from the tibial plateau and reduces strain/stress on the PMMR.ConclusionThe integrity of the MMTL plays a crucial role in reducing meniscal extrusion and PMMR overload, particularly when the root is affected by degenerative tears. Therefore, surgical repair of the MMTL can improve meniscal function, potentially reducing the risk of osteoarthritis and should be considered as a better treatment strategy for PMMR tears.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
AI‐Powered Laryngoscopy: Exploring the Future With Google Gemini
Authors: Setzen Sean A. , Andreadis Katerina , Elemento Olivier , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFoundation models (FMs) are general‐purpose artificial intelligence (AI) neural networks trained on massive datasets, including code, text, audio, images, and video, to handle myriad tasks from generating texts to analyzing images or composing music. We evaluated Google Gemini 1.5 Pro, currently the largest token context window multimodal FM and best‐performing commercial model for video analysis, for interpreting laryngoscopy frames and videos from Google Images and YouTube. Gemini recognized the procedure as laryngoscopy in 87/88 frames (98.9%) and in 15/15 video‐laryngoscopies (100%), accurately diagnosed a pathology in 55/88 frames (62.5%) and 3/15 videos (20.0%), identified lesion sides in 58/88 frames (65.9%) and 6/15 videos (40%) and narrated two operative video‐laryngoscopies without fine‐tuning. Findings suggest that Gemini 1.5 Pro shows significant potential for analyzing laryngoscopy, demonstrating the potential for FMs as clinical decision support tools in complex expert tasks in otolaryngology.Level of Evidence3
Improved Oxidation Stability of 1,3‐Diketone Superlubricity Fluid Using a Butylated Hydroxytoluene Additive
Authors: Yang Yan , Chen Jingfu , Amann Tobias , Yuan Chengqing , Li Ke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs an oil‐based superlubricity material on steel surfaces, 1,3‐diketone fluid is promising for the friction reduction of mechanical devices. However, the unsaturation of its molecular structure would potentially cause the oxidation problem in industrial applications. In this study, the oxidation mechanism of diketone fluid 1‐(4‐ethyl phenyl) nonane‐1,3‐dione (EPND) was discovered through the accelerated oxidation experiment in an oven. By doping butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) anti‐oxidation additive at an optimal concentration of 0.5%, both the oxidation onset temperature (OOT) and oxidation induction time (OIT) of EPND could be enhanced to a comparable level of 4121 commercial oil, which is a fully‐formulated lubricant with a similar viscosity to EPND. Moreover, the friction test verified that the incorporated BHT additive induced negligible influence on the superlubricity performance of EPND. The result of this study is helpful for improving the weakness of the diketone superlubricity system and promotes a further step in its practical applications.
The Effect of Vaginal Er:YAG Laser Therapy on Pelvic Floor Symptoms in Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Lia Massimiliano , Pilát Pavel , Weydandt Laura , Baessler Kaven , Kempe Tom , Aktas Bahriye 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the effect of vaginal erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy on pelvic floor symptoms in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐arm interventional study applying three Er:YAG laser treatments to patients with SUI. The German version of the validated Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire was used to quantify pelvic floor symptoms (bladder function, bowel function, sexual function, pelvic organ prolapse) over different time points (baseline, posttreatment, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment). Subgroups were compared to examine which factors influenced symptom development after the treatment.ResultsA total of 50 women received three Er:YAG laser treatments and had their symptoms evaluated at all time points of the study. All symptom complex scores, especially bladder function and sexual function, showed statistically significant improvements lasting for the whole study period. However, score improvements of bowel function and prolapse symptoms were likely not clinically meaningful, as they were below the minimal important difference (MID) of this questionnaire. Moreover, sexual function scores improved less when women additionally had urgency symptoms (i.e., mixed urinary incontinence [MUI]; p = 0.036).ConclusionVaginal Er:YAG laser therapy has the potential to improve pelvic floor symptoms linked to bladder function and sexual function in women with SUI. However, the positive effect on sexual function was lower if the women had MUI.
Impact of Minor Changes in Molybdenum Content on the Localized Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Reyad Ahmed , Hornus Edgar , Bhatti Farid , Parapurath Shahid , Sapanathan Thaneshan , Iannuzzi Mariano 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs an alloying element, molybdenum has a positive impact on the localized corrosion resistance of stainless steels and Ni‐based alloys. Nevertheless, the impact of minor changes from 0.5 to 1.0 wt% within the composition boundaries of SS316L on localized corrosion resistance is poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of these variations on the localized corrosion resistance of SS316L. Using the potentiodynamic–galvanostatic–potentiodynamic (PD–GS–PD) technique, the crevice corrosion repassivation potential (ER,CREV) was measured in deaerated natural seawater at various temperatures for three stainless steel grades with differing Mo contents. The ER,CREV of SS316‐2.5Mo increased by approximately 125 mV at 10°C, 139 mV at 20°C, and 218 mV at 35°C when compared to SS316‐2Mo. Microstructure analysis after PD–GS–PD revealed Mo‐enriched precipitates for both SS316‐2.5Mo and SS317‐3Mo. Potentiodynamic polarization test was conducted in pit/crevice‐like conditions, showed improved corrosion resistance in SS316‐2.5Mo, as indicated by higher breakdown and Flade potentials, a wider passive range, particularly in 1 M [Cl−] (pH = 0).
Multi‐Stimulus Responsive Nonconventional Fluorescent Supramolecular Polymeric Material
Authors: Hao Wentao , Ke Chenchen , Pan Xianxiang , Qi Tengfei , Wang Wenping , Li Wenjuan , Yang Wen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFluorescent supramolecular materials have attracted a lot of attention over the past few decades. However, those can respond to multiple stimuli are not often reported, especially for the nonconventional fluorescent materials. Here, a supramolecular material is reported that can respond to temperature/electrical heating, humidity, volatile acids/organic amines, and mechanical strain. This material is prepared by physical mixing oligomeric polyethyleneimine (o‐PEI) and oligomeric polyacrylic acid (o‐PAA). Although they are almost non‐fluorescent, their combination produces bright fluorescence, and the emission bands shift to longer wavelengths as the amount of o‐PAA increases. Calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) show that there are strong noncovalent interactions between o‐PEI and o‐PAA, resulting in through‐space conjugation and cluster‐triggered emission. By studying the relationship between emission intensity, temperature, and molecular motion, the dependence of emission intensity on relaxation time is established, which will provide insight into the luminescence origin of nonconventional fluorescent materials. In addition, this material shows good self‐healing ability. The luminescence, responsiveness and self‐reparability are all related to the strong but reversible noncovalent bonds that link the o‐PEI and o‐PAA. This work not only highlights the value of supramolecular polymers, but also enriches the research of nonconventional fluorescent materials.