bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and characteristics of atopic dermatitis among young adult females and males—report from the Swedish population‐based study BAMSE
Authors: Johansson E.K. , Bergström A. , Kull I. , Melén E. , Jonsson M. , Lundin S. , Wahlgren C.‐F. , Ballardini N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge regarding prevalence and characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD) among young adults in the general population.ObjectivesTo study AD among young adults in a Swedish population‐based birth cohort, with a particular focus on prevalence, sex differences including risk for AD at different ages, disease course and characteristics of AD at 24 years.MethodsThe BAMSE cohort includes 4089 individuals who have been followed regularly from birth to age 24 years regarding AD and atopic diseases. For this study 3055 individuals who answered questions regarding AD at the 24‐year follow‐up were included. All were invited to a clinical examination including skin examination, evaluation by William's criteria and collection of blood for analysis of specific IgE, and 2264 individuals chose to participate.ResultsAt 24 years, the 12‐month prevalence of AD was 17.8% and more females than males had AD (20.5% vs. 14.8%), P < 0.0001. The point prevalence of ongoing AD at clinical examination was 8.0%. AD severity as assessed by Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) did not differ between sexes. The proportion of adult onset of AD was 16.9% (92 of 543), females 17.3% vs. males 16.4%. More females than males with AD at 24 years reported disturbed sleep due to itch (26.1% vs. 15.5%, P < 0.003). IgE sensitization was less common among females with AD than males with AD (61.3% vs. 79.6%, P < 0.0001). In addition, male sex (female sex being the reference) was associated with increased odds for AD the first year of life (OR: 1.31, 95% CI; 1.10–1.56), and decreased odds of AD in adolescence and young adulthood (OR: 0.66, 95% CI; 0.55–0.80).ConclusionsAtopic dermatitis is a common disease among young adults, and even though more females than males have AD at 24 years, adult onset of AD seems to be equally prevalent among both sexes in young adulthood.
Developmental trajectories of health‐promoting behaviours among pregnant women: A longitudinal study
Authors: Yu Pengli , Zhou Lixue , Meng Fei , Xu Yanhong , Jiang Yunxia , Zhou Yunping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to estimate differences in health‐promoting behaviour levels throughout the pregnancy trimesters, to identify distinct patterns of health‐promoting behaviour trajectories during pregnancy and to evaluate predictors of these trajectory group memberships.BackgroundPromoting healthy lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy could decrease devastating outcomes for the mother and foetus. However, there is currently limited insight into the dynamics of health‐promoting behaviours during pregnancy.DesignAn observational longitudinal study.Methods158 pregnant women were recruited from June 2020 to June 2021 in Qingdao, China. The Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile was used to assess health‐promoting behaviours. Latent growth model was performed to compare health‐promoting behaviours at different time points. Group‐based trajectory model was applied to identify health‐promoting behaviour trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was adopted to determine the predictors of trajectory group memberships. We used the STROBE checklist to report this study.ResultsThe entire sample of pregnant women experienced a significant increase in health‐promoting behaviours during pregnancy. Three trajectories were identified including a ‘low‐increase behaviour trajectory (20.1% of sample)’, a ‘moderate‐increase behaviour trajectory (58.0% of sample)’ and a ‘stable then increased behaviour trajectory (21.9% of sample)’. Low maternal sense of coherence, lack of pre‐pregnancy exercise habit, artificial insemination and low monthly family income were significantly associated with the low‐increase behaviour trajectory. High self‐efficacy and pre‐pregnancy exercise habit were significantly associated with the stable then increased behaviour trajectory.ConclusionsPregnant women exhibit different health‐promoting behaviours throughout the pregnancy trimesters. Meanwhile, three trajectories were identified among pregnant women. Thus, more attentions should be paid on early identification and targeted intervention in a future study.Relevance of clinical practiceHealthcare providers should pay closer and earlier attention to identify women in the low‐increase trajectory subgroup at the outset of pregnancy. Similarly, increased efforts should be made to improve maternal self‐efficacy and develop good pre‐pregnancy exercise habit in future study.
Nanocomposite of Ag nanoparticles and deep eutectic solvent-derived carbon dots with oxidase mimicking activity as synergistic bactericidal agent
Authors: Zhu J. , Li X. , Wu X. , Yuan T. , Yang Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new type of nitrogen and chloride co-doped carbon dots (N/Cl-CDs) based on choline chloride–urea–glycine ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method. The prepared N/Cl-CDs exhibited oxidase-like activity and excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (i.e. N/Cl-CDs + Ag NPs) to the N/Cl-CDs also significantly enhanced the oxidase and antibacterial activities. The nanocomposite (1·8 mg ml−1) completely inactivated 105 CFU per ml of MRSA in 90 min. E. coli and S. aureus were labelled with the N/Cl-CDs, enabling multicolour fluorescence imaging at different excitation wavelengths. The nanocomposites have high antibacterial efficiency as a new bactericidal agent, as well as application potential with good biocompatibility and low toxicity.
CLAVATA modulates auxin homeostasis and transport to regulate stem cell identity and plant shape in a moss
Authors: Nemec‐Venza Zoe , Madden Connor , Stewart Amy , Liu Wei , Novák Ondřej , Pěnčík Aleš , Cuming Andrew C. , Kamisugi Yasuko , Harrison C. Jill 
Published: January 2022

Summary

The CLAVATA pathway is a key regulator of stem cell function in the multicellular shoot tips of Arabidopsis, where it acts via the WUSCHEL transcription factor to modulate hormone homeostasis. Broad‐scale evolutionary comparisons have shown that CLAVATA is a conserved regulator of land plant stem cell function, but CLAVATA acts independently of WUSCHEL‐like (WOX) proteins in bryophytes. The relationship between CLAVATA, hormone homeostasis and the evolution of land plant stem cell functions is unknown.

Here we show that in the moss, Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), CLAVATA affects stem cell activity by modulating hormone homeostasis. CLAVATA pathway genes are expressed in the tip cells of filamentous tissues, regulating cell identity, filament branching, plant spread and auxin synthesis. The receptor‐like kinase PpRPK2 plays the major role, and Pprpk2 mutants have abnormal responses to cytokinin, auxin and auxin transport inhibition, and show reduced expression of PIN auxin transporters.

We propose a model whereby PpRPK2 modulates auxin gradients in filaments to determine stem cell identity and overall plant form.

Our data indicate that CLAVATA‐mediated auxin homeostasis is a fundamental property of plant stem cell function, probably exhibited by the last shared common ancestor of land plants.
Demography: Fast and Slow
Authors: Billari Francesco C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScientific ideas on the human population tend to be rooted in a “slow demography” paradigm, which emphasizes an inertial, predictable, self‐contained view of population dynamics, mostly dependent on fertility and mortality. Yet, demography can also move fast. At the country level, it is crucial to empirically assess how fast demography moves by taking migratory movements into account, in addition to fertility and mortality. We discuss these ideas and present new estimates of the speed of population change, that is, country‐level population turnover rates, as well as the share of turnover due to migration, for all countries in the world with available data between 1990 and 2020. Population turnover is inversely related to population size and development, and migratory movements tend to become important factors in shaping demography for both small and highly developed countries. Longitudinally, we analyze annual turnover data for Italy and Germany, documenting the changing speed of population change over time and its determinants. Accepting the “fast and slow” demography perspective has several implications for science and policy, which we discuss.
Effect of erector spinae plane block on postoperative analgesia after pediatric hip surgery: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Abduallah Mohammad A. , Al‐Ahwal Laila A. , Ahmed Sameh A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundErector spinae plane block (ESPB) in pediatric patients presenting for hip surgery may improve the postoperative analgesia.AimThe study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound‐guided ESPB on postoperative analgesia after a pediatric hip surgery.MethodsForty children scheduled for hip surgeries were included in this trial and randomly distributed into; Control group, patients received sham ultrasound‐guided ESPB at the level of L3 or ESPB group, patients received real ultrasound‐guided ESPB at the level of L3 with an injection of 0.4 ml/kg of plain bupivacaine 0.25%. The time for the first call of rescue analgesia, intraoperative fentanyl consumption, postoperative morphine consumption, Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS), and Objective Behavioral Pain score (OPS) were recorded.ResultsAs compared to the control group, the use of ESPB significantly prolonged the time for first request of rescue analgesia from 170.50 ± 44.066 to 256.50 ± 66.434 min (p < 0.0001), decreased the intraoperative fentanyl consumption from 1.025 ± 0.379 to 0.775 ± 0.343 μg/kg (p = 0.035), decreased the postoperative morphine consumption from 0.105 ± 0.036 to 0.065 ± 0.023 mg/kg (p = 0.0002). Also, it significantly decreased postoperative CHEOPS and OPS scores 2, 4, and 6 h after the surgery (p < 0.05) with an insignificant difference between the two groups at all other time intervals (p ˃ 0.05).ConclusionThe use of ESPB in pediatric patients undergoing hip surgery prolonged the time for the first call of analgesia, decreased the intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, and decreased the postoperative pain.
Estimating the insertion length of pediatric peripherally inserted central catheters
Authors: Ota Hidehito , Ide Kentaro , Watanabe Taro , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is difficult to determine the insertion length of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) without fluoroscopy. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between the length from the anterior axillary point to the level of the carina (Lcarina) and patient's height, and to obtain possible estimation formulas that can be considered for validation in future studies.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed PICCs from the upper arm in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between May 2017 and September 2018. We evaluated the relationship between Lcarina and the patient's height using linear regression. We also conducted simulated performance assessment of simplified formulas based on the observed relationships.ResultsFifty‐four PICCs from the right arm and 49 from the left for patients at the median age of 1 year were analyzed. The following linear correlations between Lcarina and the patient's height were observed: 0.105 × height (cm) + 1.53 (cm) (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.71) from the right arm, and 0.125 × height (cm) + 1.21 (cm) (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.65) from the left arm. In the simulated performance assessment, with a simplified formula, [0.1 × height (cm) + 1 (cm)], 93% (50/54) of the PICCs from the right arm and 96% (47/49) from the left arm were expected to be inserted in the subclavian vein, innominate vein, or superior vena cava.ConclusionsThe level of the carina was correlated with the patient’s height. A simplified formula, 0.1 × height (cm) + 1, seemed to perform acceptably and appeared to be worth validating in future studies.
Interactions among the human and organizational factors within the public sector regarding epidemic prevention and control
Authors: Fu Lipeng , Wang Xueqing , Deng Shuyi , Cao Shaopeng , Zhao Heng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe management of human and organizational factors (HOFs) within the public sector directly concerns the efficacy of epidemic prevention and control (EPC). Insufficient examination of such HOFs has led to defective countermeasures. This study attempts to comprehensively identify the HOFs within the public sector critical to EPC and investigate their interactions with the weighted network theory. A total of 55 HOFs were identified, and their interactions were assessed and visualized in the Chinese context. Then, the established weighted network was analyzed to investigate the interactions and diagnose critical factors and sectors. The analysis shows that there are strong interactions among HOFs, and that the human and organizational risks emerging from administrative departments of public health, centers for disease control and prevention, and medical institutions act as the key risk sources in the complex interconnected EPC system, exacerbating risk and causing a significant domino effect. It is recommended that the authorities devote more resources to the core sectors and endeavor to reinforce those critical HOFs by implementing closer risk communication, collaboration, and response. This study may deepen and broaden the authorities’ awareness and understanding of interactions among HOFs regarding epidemic mitigation, and strengthen their capacity to perceive, evaluate, and manage these factors in a proactive and effective way, thereby facilitating the success of EPC.
The relative impact of different forces of globalization on wage inequality: A fresh look at the EU experience
Authors: Jestl Stefan , Leitner Sandra M. , Leitner Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes in a joint approach the contributions of immigration, trade, and foreign direct investment (FDI) to wage inequality of native workers in a sample of old and new EU Member States between 2008 and 2013. Methodologically, we use the two‐step regression‐based Shapley value decomposition approach to filter out their relative importance in each of the countries analyzed. We find that globalization has very mixed effects and generally contributes little to wage inequality. Regarding their relative contributions, immigration and FDI are key contributors to wage inequality in old EU Member States while trade is the key source of wage inequality in new EU Member States. For immigration, the associated increase in wage inequality is strongest and most consistent among Southern EU Member States. We also show that immigration, trade, and FDI have different effects across the wage distribution that are however strongest at its center, which points to the relatively strong wage polarization effect of globalization. For trade and FDI, we also find sporadic inequality‐reducing effects that are strongest at the top of the wage distribution.
Validation of the functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy instrument to assess quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients with cachexia
Authors: Yang Zhen , Luo Yixin , Lu Haizhen , Zou Baolin , Wang Han , Chen Guowei , Wu Yiping , Huang Yanlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) eventually suffer from cachexia. The Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) is a tool used to evaluate the quality of life of patients with cachexia related to various diseases, but its suitability for use in MHD patients has yet to be verified. This study aimed to explore the validation of the FAACT in MHD patients by conducting reliability and validity tests.MethodsQualified MHD patients were selected to complete the FAACT and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL‐36) questionnaires, and their demographic data and biochemical test results were collected from electronic medical records. Next, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, paired sample t test and ICC were used to analyze the scale consistency. Additionally, the association between the KDQOL‐36 and FAACT was analyzed using Bland–Altman plots and Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, the patients were divided into groups to evaluate discriminant validity.ResultsA total of 299 patients were included in this study. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the FAACT and its anorexia–cachexia subscale (ACS) were 0.904 and 0.842, respectively, and their ICC exceeded 0.90. The correlation coefficients between the FAACT and its items ranged from 0.146 to 0.631, and the correlation coefficients between the FAACT and KDQOL‐36 dimensions ranged from 0.446 to 0.617. The Bland–Altman plots between the FAACT and KDQOL‐36 showed that only 3.3% of the points were outside the 95% limits of agreement. The effects of cachexia status (present or absent) on FAACT and ACS scores had effect sizes of 0.54 (P < 0.001) and 0.60 (P < 0.001), respectively. The FAACT and ACS also significantly discriminated between patients with and without inflammation (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe FAACT and ACS have acceptable reliability and validity in MHD patients and are suitable for measuring the quality of life of MHD patients with cachexia.
Toward Greater Integration: Fellows Perspectives on Cognitive Science
Authors: Bender Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCognitive science is a multidisciplinary field. Whereas debates on whether this is beneficial continue to spring up, this multidisciplinarity comes with at least one obvious challenge, namely, safeguarding an increasing integration across its subfields. The new and open‐ended topic preluded here attempts to address this challenge by pursuing a multilayered agenda: to introduce the Fellows of the Cognitive Science Society and earn them the recognition and profile they deserve; to furnish a platform for reflection on cognitive science from a bird's eye view; and to present role models for younger generations. To achieve these goals, this topic provides all Fellows with an opportunity to showcase their scientific work, to outline what they consider to be its major contributions to cognitive science, and to elaborate on their visions for greater integration of the field.
International trade and labour market integration of immigrants
Authors: Lodefalk Magnus , Sjöholm Fredrik , Tang Aili 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examine whether international trade improves labour market integration of immigrants in Sweden. Immigrants participate substantially less than natives in the labour market. However, trading with a foreign country is expected to increase the demand for immigrants from that country. By hiring immigrants, a firm may access foreign knowledge and networks needed to overcome information frictions in trade. Using granular longitudinal matched employer–employee data and an instrumental variable approach, we estimate the causal effects of a firm’s bilateral trade on employment and wages of immigrants from that country. We find a positive, yet heterogeneous, effect of trade on immigrant employment but no effect on immigrant wages.
Systematic review of perception of barriers and facilitators to chronic disease self‐management among older adults: Implications for evidence‐based practice
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Minh , Whitehead Lisa , Saunders Rosemary , Dermody Gordana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn aging population has contributed to an increased prevalence in chronic disease. To empower patients, healthcare systems are shifting toward chronic disease self‐management. However, no review on how older adults self‐manage chronic disease and the barriers and facilitators they experience has been published.AimsTo explore barriers and facilitators perceived by older adults during the process of self‐managing chronic disease.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative literature was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The literature search was conducted using Ovid databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL with full text, and PsycINFO) for the period of 1988–2020. All records were screened using predetermined eligibility criteria. The critical appraisal instrument QARI (Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument) was employed to assess the quality of the included studies. Data from the included papers were extracted using the QARI data extraction tool. Extracted data were then synthesized to produce final sets of themes and sub‐themes relating to the review question.ResultsA total of 267 abstracts were screened, and 13 studies reporting barriers and facilitators perceived by older adults during the process of managing chronic diseases were included in the review. Physical and cognitive decline, low‐health literacy, culture, and relationships with healthcare professionals were described as barriers. Facilitators were described as resources that supported disease self‐management and included family, social networks, healthcare professionals, and religious beliefs.Linking evidence to actionThis study highlights the importance of understanding the patients' perspectives of the barriers and enablers of self‐management of chronic illness for health professionals across settings. Understanding barriers and facilitators to chronic disease self‐management will support health professionals to identify strength‐based approaches to self‐management that meet the needs of individual older adults.
Phylogeny of the land snail Levantina reveals long‐distance dispersal in the Middle East
Authors: Korábek Ondřej , Glaubrecht Matthias , Hausdorf Bernhard , Neiber Marco T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPopulations of rock‐dwelling snails are often isolated from each other due to outcrops of suitable rock forming islands separated by uninhabitable habitats. By chance, some snail taxa were able to rapidly extend their distribution ranges or colonise distant areas. The helicid Levantina from the Middle East has a very large range compared with related rock‐dwelling genera. We present here the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Levantina suggesting that its range is not extended due to Levantina being an old taxon, but rather as a result of a rapid expansion, probably during the Pliocene. These snails originated in the south‐east of present‐day Turkey, from where they colonised the Levant, the Asir Mountains in Saudi Arabia, the Alborz Mountains and the Central Taurus as well as the island of Cyprus. Eventually, these snails also reached the south‐eastern Aegean region by several independent expansion events. In particular, the Arabian species are not closely related to those from the Levant as previously presumed, but are sister to one of the species from south‐eastern Turkey. The occurrence of a Levantina spiriplana complex in the Aegean is most likely a result of intentional transport of these edible snails, as all three lineages found there originated from the Levant. Our results further suggest that the species‐level taxonomy of the genus needs an integrative revision.