bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area-level and individual-socioeconomic variation in use of GP and specialist services. A multilevel analysis using linked data
Authors: Butler Danielle C. , Jorm Louisa R. , Larkins Sarah , Korda Rosemary J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTimely access to primary healthcare and supporting specialist care relative to need is essential for health equity. However, use of services can vary according to an individuals' socioeconomic circumstances or where they live. This study aimed to quantify individual socioeconomic variation in GP and specialist use in New South Wales (NSW), accounting for area-level variation in use.MethodsBaseline data (2006–2009) from the 45 and Up Study, involving 267,112 adults in NSW, Australia, were linked to Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and death data (to December 2012). Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate median odds ratios (MORs) to quantify small-area variation in need-adjusted GP use and quality-of-care and specialist use, and odds ratios (ORs) to quantify associations with individual socioeconomic position (SEP), separately by remoteness.ResultsGP (MOR=1.32-1.35) and specialist use (1.16-1.18) varied between areas, accounting for individual characteristics. For a given level of need and accounting for area-variation, low-SEP individuals were more likely to be frequent users of GP services (no school certificate vs university, OR=1.63-1.91, depending on remoteness category) and have continuity of care (OR=1.14-1.24), but were less likely to see a specialist (OR=0.85-0.95).ConclusionGP and specialist use varied across small-areas in NSW, independent of individual characteristics. Specialist but not GP care was inequitable. Failure to address inequitable specialist use may undermine equity gains within the PHC system. Policies should also focus on local variation.
'Caring beyond capacity' during the coronavirus pandemic: the experiences of family caregivers of people with dementia from the IDEAL cohort
Authors: Stapley Sally , Pentecost Claire , Collins Rachel , Quinn Catherine , Dawson Eleanor , Thom Jeanette , Clare Linda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Some carers of people with dementia have reported increased caring demands and carer stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Carers’ experiences during this time may also have implications for resilience. As part of the INCLUDE component of the IDEAL cohort study, the overall aim of this subtle realist qualitative study was to explore family carer experiences of caring for someone with dementia one year into the COVID-19 pandemic in England, and to consider the study findings in relation to resilience frameworks in dementia caregiving. Seven family carers of people living with mild-to-moderate dementia were interviewed, and themes derived using framework analysis. Themes described the complex challenges of caring during the pandemic, with interviewees burned out and ‘caring beyond capacity’ due to unmet needs within the caring role and caring in isolation from family and professional support. Findings provide evidence that trait resilience approaches fail to account for important aspects of carers’ experiences, highlighting the range of contextual factors which influence experiences of the caregiving role, lending support to transactional resilience frameworks. More importantly than building individual resilience, timely practical support for carers is essential to protect their well-being and to ward against the potential consequences of carer burnout.
Compositing of coffee silverskin with carbon rich materials leads to high quality soil amendments
Authors: Picca Giuseppe , Plaza César , Madejón Engracia , Panettieri Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Coffee silverskin (CS) is the integument covering the raw coffee bean, representing the primary waste product of the coffee-roasting industry. Despite the growing attention in seeking potential reuse of this material, the majority of CS is commonly used as a firelighter or discharged to landfills. The study aimed to test co-composting as a low-cost solution that meets the circular economy paradigms proposed by the European Union.Methods: Four composting mixtures were prepared mixing CS with pruning waste and biochar at different ratios, aiming to maximize the amount of compostable CS per batch and monitored for 60 days.Results: The contents of macro-, micro- and trace elements of the final composts matched the strictest requirements of the Spanish national regulation on compost quality (Class A amendments), proving that CS composts area high-value amendment rich in N and K. Despite the highly phytotoxic effect of CS raw material, the seed germination tests showed that all the mature composts exhibited phytostimulant properties allowing their harmless application to the soil.The four composts had a high water holding capacity (237 - 351 % dw) and they are likely to promote the persistence of plant-available water in the soil.Conclusion: The present study showed that composting the whole CS produced in Europe would lead to a recovery of 2,420 to 3,481 tons of nitrogen and 1,873 tons of potassium, reducing the dependency on mineral fertilizers, thus meeting the growing demand for sustainable and low-cost amendments.Statement of noveltyCoffee silverskin is the protective layer of the coffee beans, the main by-product of coffee roasting process that largely accumulates in consuming countries. Despite its high content in nitrogen and potassium, and its extremely high water retention capacity, the presence of phytotoxic compounds limited the use of coffee silverskin as soil amendment.In this study we demonstrate that co-composting with carbon rich materials, such as gardening prune and biochar, is a valid alternative to remove the phytotoxicity effect of raw coffee silverskin maintaining its beneficious agronomical properties.Composting coffee silverskin appears to be an easy process and a low-cost opportunity: up to 3,481 tons of N and 1,873 tons of K could be recovered in Europe from this by-product.
Entangled Photon Generation From a Three-Level Laser with a Parametric Amplifier
Authors: Belay Negasa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article we study the squeezing and statistical properties ofthe light producedby a non-degenerate three-level laser, with the parametric amplifier .With the aid of the master equation, we obtain stochasticdifferential equations. Applying the solutions of the resultingdifferential equations, we calculate the quadrature variance,themean and variance of the photon number ,the photon numbercorrelation . However, thetwo-mode driving light has no effect on the squeezing properties ofthe cavity modes. On the other hand, the parametric amplifier andthe thermal reservoir increase the mean and the variance of thephoton number. Furthermore, employing the same solutions, we alsoobtain the anti normally ordered characteristic function defined inthe Heisenberg picture.
Resetting of the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems in altered bastnäsite: Insight from the behavior of Pb at nanoscale
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Wei Terry , Harlov Daniel , Gao Jian-Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBastnäsite contains considerable amounts of U and Th and has been widely used for U-Th-Pb dating. Hydrothermal alteration of bastnäsite is common in nature but its effects on U-Th-Pb dating are not currently well constrained. Hence the significance of U-Th-Pb ages obtained from altered bastnäsite cannot be evaluated. Here, we present a detailed geochronologic as well as micro- and nano-scale mineralogical study of altered bastnäsite in a Mo-REE deposit, Central China. The original bastnäsite grains were confirmed to have crystalized at 208 Ma but were variably overprinted by a hydrothermal event at 150 Ma. They commonly exhibit typical replacement textures that appear to have formed from a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process, i.e., a primary unaltered domain surrounded by a porous altered domain. Micro- and nano-scale mineralogical observations strongly suggest that during the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process, non-radiogenic (common) Pb was incorporated into the altered domains in the form of nanoscale galena inclusions. Such incorporation (even minor) has significantly affected the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ratios due to the low contents of U and its daughter isotopes in bastnäsite, resulting in highly variable, discordant U-Pb dates for the altered domains. In contrast, incorporation of the non-radiogenic Pb has very limited effects (&lt;5%) on the Th-Pb system due to the remarkably high contents of Th and radiogenic 208Pb in bastnäsite. Instead, the scattered 208Pb/232Th ages (208 to 150 Ma) of the altered domains were essentially affected by incomplete replacement, and thus can be used to approximate the lower age limit of the primary hydrothermal activity or the upper age limit of the secondary hydrothermal activity. The results from this study highlight that because of the different orders of magnitude between the U and Th contents in bastnäsite, the mobilization of radiogenic and non-radiogenic Pb during alteration may have significantly different impacts on the U-Pb and Th-Pb systems. Therefore, the two systems should be treated separately during the dating of bastnäsite resulting from secondary hydrothermal events.
Jet flow in hydraulic-jump-stepped spillways: experimental study
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wu Jianhua , Ma Fei , Hu Jianyong , Zhou Jianfen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A hydraulic-stepped spillway was designed using an aeration basin to provide aerated flow to the stepped spillway utilizing a hydraulic jump. However, the flow through the entrance of the stepped spillway might separate from the first step top and impact the downstream steps at a large unit discharge, causing a so-called jet flow. A new experimental study was conducted to better understand the jet flow in the hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway with comparisons with conventional stepped spillways. The results showed that the critical condition required for the formation of the jet flow was close to the geometric parameters of the upstream aeration basin. Among these parameters, the height of the reverse step had a more significant effect on the local flow pattern, thus lowering the risk of jet flow. The relationships between the critical condition and the geometry of the aeration basin suggested that the Froude number at the entrance of the stepped spillway was the key parameter forming the jet flow. Compared with conventional stepped spillways, the hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway could effectively extend the practical application for large unit discharges by providing a better understanding of jet flow conditions.
Purification of bathing wastewater by double suspended layer fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Ban YunXiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An external radial magnetic field and built-in stainless steel balls formed a magnetic suspended layer (MSL), as observed in this study. Under the condition of crossflow inflow, the flocculating agent and coagulant aids form a flocculated particles suspension layer (FPSL). Thus a double suspended fluidized bed reactor was constructed to treat bathing wastewater. A particle image velocimetry device was used to detect flow patterns and analyze the flocculation conditions. The results showed that under the condition of crossflow inflow, at the same time, the flooding water was 0.023–2.101 m3/h, and the dosage of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylic amide (PAM) was 90 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, and removal rates of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) reached more than 99, 90, and 80%. Filtration, grid flocculation and particle interception were functions of the MSL. Meanwhile, the crossflow input created additional vortexes, increasing the likelihood of flocculation particle collision, improving the flocculation conditions and cleaning the MSL. The reactor aids in the development of the initial flocculated particles suspension layer, flocculation strengthening, chemical dosage reduction, effluent qualities improvement, and effluent stability maintenance.
Coke-oven wastewater treatment in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell with thiocyanate-degrading biofilm enriched at the air cathode
Authors: Yamada Kaho , Fukushima Toshikazu , Freguia Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coke-oven wastewater is usually treated with the activated sludge process, which requires large amounts of electrical energy for aeration and sludge disposal. A more sustainable treatment is strongly required. Recently, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are focused as a technology for the production of electricity from wastewaters with simultaneous removal of organic matter. However, no MFC has been reported that can remove phenol, thiosulfate and thiocyanate simultaneously without aeration. Phenol can generally be removed well, whereas thiocyanate is relatively difficult to degrade. In this study, a dual-chamber MFC (D-MFC) was designed and equipped with a thiocyanate-degrading biofilm enriched on an air cathode. The D-MFC degraded phenol and thiosulfate in the anode chamber at the rate of 104 and 331 mg/L/day, respectively and subsequently degraded thiocyanate in the cathode chamber at the rate of 250 mg/L/day. The D-MFC showed high thiocyanate degradation rate. This suggests that pre-enrichment could accelerate thiocyanate degradation in MFC. In addition, thiocyanate degradation was not inhibited by phenol as thiocyanate was removed in the cathode chamber after phenol was removed in the anode chamber. This study demonstrated the feasibility of treating coke-oven wastewater by a D-MFC with a thiocyanate-degrading biofilm enriched at the air cathode.
De ser humano a ser vivo. Afectividad ambiental. Sensibilidad, empatía y estéticas del habitar
Authors: García Joyce 
Published: March 2022

¿Cuál es la solución para mitigar e erradicar la crisis ambiental que estamos viviendo actualmente? Es imposible definir una sola respuesta ante esta pregunta, las actividades antropogénicas han alterado componentes naturales como: la temperatura, el clima, cuerpos de agua, múltiples suelos, flujos de energía, entre otros elementos y factores que constituyen los diversos ecosistemas en los que las relaciones ser vivo-naturaleza se llevan a cabo.
Es seguro la reducción del impacto ambiental debe iniciar con el sentir, aquello que nos produce emociones o sentimientos, lo que nos motiva, mueve e impulsa a actuar en beneficio propio o colectivo. Sin embargo las acciones de la humanidad en la Tierra se han convertido en un huracán de amenazas para otras especies, el tiempo corre a toda velocidad y el propósito de germinar el sentimiento de empatía en cada uno de los habitantes de este planeta, que es nuestro hogar, está en peligro de extinción.
Bugs as Drugs: Understanding the Linkage between Gut Microbiota and
Cancer Treatment
Authors: Rana Dhwani , Salave Sagar , Perla Akhil , Nadkarni Akanksha , Kolhe Shital , Jindal Anil B. , Mandoli Amit , Dwivedi Pradeep , Benival Derajram 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The commensal microbiota is known to regulate host physiology. Dysbio-sis or compromised resilience in the microbial ecology is related to the impending risk of cancer. A potential link between cancer and microbiota is indicated by a lot of evidence.

Objective:
The current review explores in detail the various links leading to and /or facilitating on-cogenesis, providing sound reasoning or a basis for its utilization as potential therapeutic targets. The present review emphasizes the existing knowledge of the microbiome in cancer and further elaborates on the factors, like genetic modifications, effects of dietary components, and environ-mental agents, that are considered to assess the direct and indirect effect of microbes in the process of oncogenesis and on the host’s health. Strategies modulating the microbiome and novel biothera-peutics are also discussed. Pharmacomicrobiomics is one such niche accounting for the interplay between the microbiome, xenobiotic, and host responses, which is also looked upon.

Methods:
The literature search strategy for this review was conducted by following the methodolo-gy of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The method includes the collection of data from different search engines, like PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, etc., to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information re-garding microbiome, cancer, and their linkages.

Results:
These considerations are made to expand the existing literature on the role of gut microbio-ta in the host's health, the interaction between host and microbiota, and the reciprocal relationship between the microbiome and modified neoplastic cells.

Conclusion:
Potential therapeutic implications of cancer microbiomes that are yet unexplored and have rich therapeutic dividends improving human health are discussed in detail in this review.
A Patent Review of Lung-airway Modeling with Tangential Digital Twin
Technology
Authors: Bao Yudong , Li Xu , Zhao Yanling , Qu Shengqian 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The digital twin as an integrated technology has been widely used in the
medical field. Currently, the application of digital twin technology in the field of respiratory science
is mostly theoretical exploration, with less applied technical research. Therefore, this has
greatly limited the development of lung-airway models and devices that cope with digital twin
technology in clinical settings and has also hindered the development of digital twin technology.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to propose an effective physical model to simulate the human
environment as an efficient means to develop and improve the digital twin technology.

Method:
A representative set of patents related to physical models of the respiratory tract and
lungs is presented, including methods for model building and ways to assess and predict the diagnosis
of respiratory diseases.

Results:
Current patents are analyzed and compared in three aspects: physical models, model
building methods, and respiratory disease assessment and prediction. A digital twin modeling approach,
including mechanical effects, biological evolution, physiological tissue changes, and physical
entity coupling is proposed based on the hardware support involved in rapid prototyping techniques
and method patents. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing models are analyzed,
and the systematicity, applicability, modeling techniques, and fidelity of the digital twin physical
model are discussed.

Conclusion:
Lung airway models are already based on complete morphological data, but purely
physical models cannot reproduce the real environment of the human body. Therefore, in order to
reach the heights of digital twins, the intervention of numerical theory and related auxiliary hardware
is often required.
The Localization Methods in Mobile Robot Navigation Technology:
A Patent Review
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Li Guangsen , Shu Rongzijun , Wang Hongyu , Li Jiaming 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The mobile robot navigation technology includes two key issues: the
localization and the path planning, of which the localization is the most basic part of mobile
robot navigation, because the target point is meaningful only when mobile robot's pose is
clarified, and path planning can be done on this basis. Therefore, it is of great significance to
have a good localization method for mobile robots.

Objective:
This study aimed to summarize the existing localization methods in mobile robot
navigation technology and introduce their classifications, characteristics, as well as the stage and
trends of development.

Methods:
A retrospective review of various patents and literature related to localization methods
in mobile robot navigation technology was performed. The characteristics, differences, and
applications of different localization methods were also introduced.

Results:
The existing localization methods were analyzed and compared, and their typical
characteristics are summarized. The main applications, as well as the pros and cons in the current
development stage, were summarized and analyzed. In addition, the development trend of patents
related to positioning methods is also discussed.

Conclusion:
This paper summarized three localization methods and provided numerous cases. It
can be seen that most of the existing localization methods are dedicated to improving the
positioning accuracy and efficiency of mobile robots, while there is less research on the
robustness of mobile robot localization, which is not conducive to the research on robots with the
unknown working environment and long moving distances. Therefore, related research patents
and documents should be proposed. Current and future development trends are also looking
forward.
PRE-FORMULATION STUDY ON 5-FLUOROURACIL AND CERTAIN LIPIDS FOR SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES PREPARATION
Authors: ELKHATIB MONA M. , ALI AMIR I. , ABDELRAZEK SUZAN A. , AL-BADRAWY ALI S. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study's objective involved compatibility studies to investigate the possible interactions between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and four different lipids, and the most appropriate lipid was chosen.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are used for the compatibility study between 5-FU and several excipients as cholesterol, compritol®, stearic acid, and glycerol monostearate (GMS).
Methods: The physical mixture between 5-FU and each lipid was made by mixing of a certain amount of drug with the same amount of lipid. Drug lipid blended mixtures were made by solvent evaporation casting method. 5-FU alone, physical mixture and blended mixture were measured using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate melting peak of drug and effect of each lipid on this melting point, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to observe the crystalline or amorphous state of drug and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) to determine any chemical interaction between drug and these lipids by observing any shift happened to characteristic peaks related to the drug.
Results: 5-FU Tm (280.04 °C) peak appeared in drug-lipid physical mixtures with minor changes in position while this peak disappeared in 5-FU-compritol® and 5-FU-cholesterol blended mixture, indicating that the drug is molecular dispersed. XRD result showed that the crystalline structure of 5-FU was present in physical mixtures with four lipids, while in the 5-FU-compritol® blended mixture, the crystalline state of the drug was disappeared, confirming the DSC result.
The FT-IR spectrum of the 5-FU-physical mixtures with four lipids showed that all characteristic peaks of the drug appeared with minor changes. In the case of 5-FU-blended mixtures with mentioned lipids, no chemical interaction occurred between the drug and mentioned lipids except in the drug-stearic acid blended mixture, the N-H peak at 3136.25 cm-1 was disappeared due to amide ester formation.
Conclusion: The most appropriate lipids suitable for the preparation of 5-FU solid lipid nanoparticles were GMS and cholesterol.