bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-period-cohort analysis of depression trends: are depressive symptoms increasing across generations in Germany?
Authors: Beller Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have examined trends in depression, but only few have explicitly considered possible generational differences. I examined changes in the burden of depressive symptoms between 2002 and 2017 according to age, time period and birth cohort in Germany. I used population-based data drawn from the German Aging Survey (N = 33,723, 54% female, ages 40 +) from 2002, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017. Depressive symptoms were measured via the CES-D 15. Hierarchical age-period-cohort models were used to examine trends in depression. I found that depressive symptoms changed across age, time period and birth cohorts. While there was a general decrease across time periods, strong evidence for a U-shaped cohort effect was also found: Younger generations, beginning with cohorts born after the World War II, increasingly report more depressive symptoms than older generations. This U-shaped cohort trend appeared most pronounced for the somatic symptoms subscale. Contrarily, only minimal cohort differences were found regarding the positive affect subscale. Therefore, depressive symptoms, and especially somatic symptoms, seem to increase in more recent birth cohorts in Germany, who might thus be at risk to experience more mental health problems in the future. Potential reasons for these trends and the generalizability of the results to other countries should be investigated by future studies.
Russia’s nationalities policy and the country’s Central Asian residents’ identity-based activities
Authors: Simon Mark E. , Kokoeva Nadezhda , Slinko Yury 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As applied to the Russian case, identity politics means first and foremost a state strategy that regulates the public expressions of ethnicity-based solidarity in a way that prevents them from being motivated by a sense of injustice. With regard to Russia’s Central Asian residents, injustice lies in tacit racist treatment by officials, police officers, employers and landlords. The peculiarity of officially recognised Central Asian organisations operating on the basis of state nationalities policy institutions is that they contribute to maintaining the status quo. They do so through orchestrating cultural activities that reproduce stereotypical images of harmonious ethnic diversity in Russia, as well as by supervising labour migrants. However, there are members in these organisations who do manage to use the resources of Russia’s rather idiosyncratic nationalities policy to fulfil their own aspirations, i.e. to practice identity politics for which the policy is not intended.
Lorentz Transformation Under a Discrete Dynamical Time and Continuous Space
Authors: Riek Roland 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Lorentz transformation of space and time between two reference frames is one of the pillars of the special relativity theory. As a result of the Lorentz transformation, space and time are only relative and are entangled, while the Minkowski metric is Lorentz invariant. For this reason, the Lorentz transformation is one of the major obstructions in the development of physical theories with quantized space and time. Here is described the Lorentz transformation of a physical system with a discrete dynamical time and a continuous space that fulfills Lorentz invariance while approximating the Lorentz transformation at the time continuous limit and the Galilei transformation at the classical limit. Furthermore, the discreteness of time is not mixed with the continuous nature of space, making time distinct from space.
A Two-stream Convolutional Network for Musculoskeletal and Neurological Disorders Prediction
Authors: Zhu Manli , Men Qianhui , Ho Edmond S. L. , Leung Howard , Shum Hubert P. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMusculoskeletal and neurological disorders are the most common causes of walking problems among older people, and they often lead to diminished quality of life. Analyzing walking motion data manually requires trained professionals and the evaluations may not always be objective. To facilitate early diagnosis, recent deep learning-based methods have shown promising results for automated analysis, which can discover patterns that have not been found in traditional machine learning methods. We observe that existing work mostly applies deep learning on individual joint features such as the time series of joint positions. Due to the challenge of discovering inter-joint features such as the distance between feet (i.e. the stride width) from generally smaller-scale medical datasets, these methods usually perform sub-optimally. As a result, we propose a solution that explicitly takes both individual joint features and inter-joint features as input, relieving the system from the need of discovering more complicated features from small data. Due to the distinctive nature of the two types of features, we introduce a two-stream framework, with one stream learning from the time series of joint position and the other from the time series of relative joint displacement. We further develop a mid-layer fusion module to combine the discovered patterns in these two streams for diagnosis, which results in a complementary representation of the data for better prediction performance. We validate our system with a benchmark dataset of 3D skeleton motion that involves 45 patients with musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, and achieve a prediction accuracy of 95.56%, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.
Smelting copper in decorated pottery: communities of practice in the Niari Basin, Republic of the Congo, fifteenth–seventeenth centuries CE
Authors: Cordivari Braden W. , Nikis Nicolas , Martinón-Torres Marcos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper considers copper production in the Niari Basin, Republic of the Congo, during a period dated to the mid-fifteenth–mid-seventeenth centuries CE. Using a combination of pXRF, OM, SEM–EDS, and FTIR, it assesses the microstructure and composition of slags and technical ceramics from sites associated with two different regional pottery traditions: Moubiri-type at the site of Kingoyi near Mindouli and Kindangakanzi-type at Kindangakanzi near Boko-Songho. Both sites are characterised by the use of refractory domestic pottery as crucibles for copper smelting. Moubiri-type pottery is alumina-rich, while Kindangakanzi-type pottery is formed from a magnesia-rich clay, a crucible type unique in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarities in chaînes opératoires at Kingoyi and Kindangakanzi suggest sharing of knowledge at mining and smelting sites, interactions we reconstruct as a metallurgical constellation of practice comprised of the distinct potting communities of practice (see Supplementary information for abstract in Lingala and French).
Therapeutic Process of Change During Participation in the Parents Under Pressure Program for a Cohort of Parents Who Misuse Substances
Authors: Eggins Elizabeth , Gullo Matthew J. , Harnett Paul , Barlow Jane , Jackson-Hollis Vicki , Cotmore Richard , Dawe Sharon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Despite a large evaluation literature for interventions aiming to improve the lives of families affected by parent substance misuse, very few studies have examined how families change when engaged with treatment. This study examines the interactive process of change in parent psychopathology and mindful parenting during participation in the Parents under Pressure (PuP) program for parents engaged in community addiction services.

Methods
Parents (n = 164) provided baseline, mid- and end-treatment measures of parent psychopathology and mindful parenting. Cross-lagged modelling was used to examine therapeutic process of change.

Results
Parent psychopathology decreased, and mindful parenting increased from baseline to end-treatment (ps < .001). Less psychopathology at mid-treatment predicted higher levels of overall mindful parenting upon completion of the PuP program (p = .005). Examination of the mindful parenting dimensions revealed variation in the therapeutic process of change. While higher levels of Non-Judgemental Acceptance of Parental Functioning (NJAPF) at baseline predicted lower psychopathology at mid-treatment (p = .03), higher levels of Compassion for Child (CC) at baseline predicted greater psychopathology at mid-treatment (p = 0.004). Higher levels of NJAPF mid-treatment predicted lower psychopathology upon treatment completion (p = .023), yet higher levels of Emotional Awareness of Child (EAC) at mid-treatment predicted greater psychopathology upon treatment completion (p = .023). Lower parent psychopathology at mid-treatment predicted higher levels of LFA, EAC, Self-Regulation in Parenting and NJAPF upon completion of the PuP program (ps < .05).

Conclusions
The findings highlight the importance of reducing parent psychopathology as a precursor to more mindful parenting and also provide new evidence regarding the way in which variation in mindful parenting dimensions influences the therapeutic process of change.
Comparative Validation of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Traffic Density for Data-driven Travel-time Prediction
Authors: Katayama Hiroki , Yasuda Shohei , Fuse Takashi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn data-driven travel-time prediction, previous studies have mainly used speed as the input. However, from a traffic engineering perspective, given that speed varies little in the free-flow regime, traffic density, which can accurately represent traffic conditions from the free-flow regime to the congested-flow regime, is preferable as an input. In this study, we compared the accuracy of traffic densities spatially interpolated using spatial statistical and machine learning methods, and validated their effectiveness as inputs for travel-time prediction. The results show that even traffic density interpolated by simple spatial interpolation contributes to the accuracy of travel-time prediction and is superior to speed for early detection of traffic congestion.
Effectiveness and safety of safinamide in routine clinical practice in a Belgian Parkinson’s disease population: an open-label, levodopa add-on study
Authors:   The Belgian Safinamide Study Group, Bergmans Bruno , Bourgeois Philip , Cras Patrick , Dethy Sophie , De Klippel Nina , Franco Gianni , Garraux Gaëtan , Geens Karine , Jacquerye Philippe , Jeanjean Anne , Supiot Frédéric , Van der Linden Chris , Krygier Claude 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Safinamide is a recent multimodal antiparkinsonian drug that inhibits monoamine oxidase B and modulates the glutamatergic system with positive effects on motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This post-hoc analysis of the European SYNAPSES study provides first-time data on the use of safinamide in routine clinical practice in Belgium.

Objective
To describe the efficacy and safety of safinamide in Belgian PD patients in real-life conditions.

Methods
Post-hoc analysis of the Belgian cohort from the European SYNAPSES trial, which was an observational, multicenter, retrospective-prospective cohort study. Patients were followed up to 12 months. Analyses were performed in the overall population and according to different criteria such as the age limit (> 75 years), presence or absence of relevant comorbidities, presence or absence of psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety, patients on levodopa monotherapy or levodopa in combination with other treatments, patients on rasagiline before inclusion or not.

Results
Of the 172 patients included, 29.2% were > 75 years, 58.9% had relevant comorbidities and 32.7% had psychiatric conditions. Almost all the patients reported motor (98.8%) or non-motor (86.3%) symptoms. During the study, 36.3% of patients reported drug-related reactions. The adverse drug reactions were those already described in the patients’ information leaflet. The majority were mild or moderate and completely resolved and no differences were detected between the subgroups of patients. Almost 35% of the patients demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in the UPDRS and 50% of the patients with wearing-off at baseline, did not report wearing-off anymore after one year of treatment. Patients under levodopa monotherapy compared to patients receiving levodopa combined with other antiparkinsonian treatments benefit more from safinamide treatment. Patients switched from rasagiline to safinamide seemed also to benefit more from safinamide treatment.

Conclusion
The study confirms the excellent safety and efficacy profile of safinamide, particularly in more vulnerable groups of patients such as the elderly and patients with significant comorbidities or psychiatric conditions such as depression or anxiety.
Pediatric Neuroanesthesia — a Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Szántó Dorottya , Gál Judit , Tankó Béla , Siró Péter , Jakab Zsuzsa , Luterán Péter , Fülesdi Béla , Molnár Csilla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Pediatric neuroanesthesia is a growing and still challenging subspecialty. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available knowledge and highlight the most recent findings of the literature on non-traumatic pediatric neuroanesthesia care.

Recent Findings
Several human studies have confirmed the negative effects of early life anesthetic exposure. According to non-human studies, volatile anesthetics and opioids contribute to tumor progression. Tranexamic acid effectively reduces perioperative blood loss; it is used in several different doses without standard guidelines on optimal dosing. The widespread use of neuromonitoring has necessitated the development of anesthetic methods that do not affect neuromuscular transmission.

Summary
Pediatric anesthetic neurotoxicity, management of intraoperative bleeding, and the effect of anesthesia on tumor growth are among the most debated and researched topics in pediatric neuroanesthesia. The lack of evidence and clinical guidelines underlines the need for further large prospective studies in this subspecialty.
From good intentions to unexpected results — a cross-scale analysis of a fishery improvement project within the Indonesian blue swimming crab
Authors: Käll Sofia , Crona Beatrice , Van Holt Tracy , Daw Tim M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrivate actors have become prominent players in the work to drive social and environmental sustainability transitions. In the fisheries sector, fishery improvement projects (FIPs) aim to address environmental challenges by leveraging the capacity of industry actors and using value chains to incentivize change. Despite globally rising FIP numbers, the incentive structures behind FIP establishment and the role of internal dynamics remain poorly understood. This paper uses institutional entrepreneurship as an analytical lens to examine the institutional change surrounding the management and trade of the Indonesian blue swimming crab and sheds light on how global market dynamics, local fishery dynamics, and value chain initiatives interact to affect the trajectory towards sustainability over time. We contribute to the institutional entrepreneurship framework by extending it with social-ecological dynamics, different actors’ ability to realize or resist change, and outcomes of institutional change. These additions can improve its explanatory power in relation to sustainability initiatives in fisheries governance and beyond. Our cross-scale historical analysis of the value chain shows not only the entrepreneurship behind the FIP’s establishment, and its institutional interventions, but also why these have been unsuccessful in improving the ecological sustainability of fishers’ and traders’ behavior. This provides valuable empirical grounding to a wider debate about industry leadership and private incentives for sustainability at large and helps disentangle under what conditions such initiatives are more (or less) likely to have intended effects.
A graph theoretical approach to decisions in social choice, law, A.I.
Authors: Mitsui Shunsuke , Settepanella Simona 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGraph theory proved to be a quite powerful mathematical tool to model several problems in a discrete setting. In this paper the authors illustrate how a general graph framework can be used to model multi-dimensional alternatives decision processes in three different contexts: social choice, judgment aggregation and automata decisions.
Bringing Psychology Students Closer to People with Schizophrenia at Pandemic Time: A Study of a Distance Anti-stigma Intervention With In-presence Opportunistic Control Group
Authors: Magliano Lorenza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPsychology students are a target population to increase the likelihood that Persons With Schizophrenia (PWS) will receive evidence-based psycho-social interventions in the future. The willingness of future psychologists to care for PWS can be supported through anti-stigma educational interventions. During the pandemic, university education was delivered largely at-distance, which was later combined with in-presence education. This study explored whether an At-Distance Educational Intervention (ADEI), addressing stigma in schizophrenia via scientific evidence and testimony: would improve psychology students' views of PWS, at the one-month post intervention re-assessments; would be more effective of the same In-Presence Educational Intervention (IPEI). ADEI was delivered online to students of two Master’s degrees in Psychology at the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy. IPEI was administered to a similar group of 76 students in the pre-pandemic era. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire about their views on schizophrenia before the intervention (two three-hour sessions one week apart) and one month after its completion. Compared to their pre-intervention assessments, at post-intervention reassessments the 65 ADEI students were: more confident in the recovery and the usefulness of psychological therapies; surer of the PWS awareness and capability to report health problems to professionals; more skeptical about PWS dangerousness, social distance, and affective difficulties; more uncertain on the opportunity to discriminate PWS in hospital and psychology practices. ADEI was more effective than IPEI in five of the ten dimensions analyzed and similarly effective in the remaining others. ADEI may represent a valuable alternative to IPEI for improving future psychologists' view of PWS.
Coupling Enhancement of a Flexible BiFeO3 Film-Based Nanogenerator for Simultaneously Scavenging Light and Vibration Energies
Authors: Han Xiao , Ji Yun , Wu Li , Xia Yanlong , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoupled nanogenerators have been a research hotspot due to their ability to harvest a variety of forms of energy such as light, mechanical and thermal energy and achieve a stable direct current output. Ferroelectric films are frequently investigated for photovoltaic applications due to their unique photovoltaic properties and bandgap-independent photovoltage, while the flexoelectric effect is an electromechanical property commonly found in solid dielectrics. Here, we effectively construct a new form of coupled nanogenerator based on a flexible BiFeO3 ferroelectric film that combines both flexoelectric and photovoltaic effects to successfully harvest both light and vibration energies. This device converts an alternating current into a direct current and achieves a 6.2% charge enhancement and a 19.3% energy enhancement to achieve a multi-dimensional "1 + 1 > 2" coupling enhancement in terms of current, charge and energy. This work proposes a new approach to the coupling of multiple energy harvesting mechanisms in ferroelectric nanogenerators and provides a new strategy to enhance the transduction efficiency of flexible functional devices.
Animal- and Human-Inspired Nanostructures as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials: A Review
Authors: Hussain Iftikhar , Lamiel Charmaine , Sahoo Sumanta , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Ahmad Muhammad , Chen Xi , Gu Shuai , Qin Ning , Assiri Mohammed A. , Zhang Kaili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman civilization has been relentlessly inspired by the nurturing lessons; nature is teaching us. From birds to airplanes and bullet trains, nature gave us a lot of perspective in aiding the progress and development of countless industries, inventions, transportation, and many more. Not only that nature inspired us in such technological advances but also, nature stimulated the advancement of micro- and nanostructures. Nature-inspired nanoarchitectures have been considered a favorable structure in electrode materials for a wide range of applications. It offers various positive attributes, especially in energy storage applications, such as the formation of hierarchical two-dimensional and three-dimensional interconnected networked structures that benefit the electrodes in terms of high surface area, high porosity and rich surface textural features, and eventually, delivering high capacity and outstanding overall material stability. In this review, we comprehensively assessed and compiled the recent advances in various nature-inspired based on animal- and human-inspired nanostructures used for supercapacitors. This comprehensive review will help researchers to accommodate nature-inspired nanostructures in industrializing energy storage and many other applications.
Lead Electrorefining Process from Exhausted Lead Acid Batteries by Using Acidic and Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Mondal A. , Ciro E. , Lupi C. , Pilone D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The recycling of lead acid batteries (LABs) comprises relevant concerns on the suitable methodologies to recover lead. In this investigation, two electrorefining processes, by using acidic and alkaline electrolytes, have been compared to determine the most significant results of both methodologies. Acidic electrolytes used 200 g/L HBF4, 1.2 g/L H3PO4, 10 g/L H3BO3, and 100 g/L PbO, while the alkaline ones employed 120 g/L NaOH, 75 g/L PbO, 50–92 g/L glycerol, and 2 g/L gelatin. All the solutions were studied by varying temperature and current density (CD) to determine remarkable changes on current efficiency (CE), cell voltage (CV), specific energy consumption (SEC), and on the deposit quality. The results highlighted that by using the acidic electrolyte containing dextrin it is possible to obtain a compact deposit even using high CDs. Acidic solution without dextrin addition allows to obtain good quality deposits by working at 40 °C and 100 A/m2 CD. After testing the behavior of different alkaline electrolytes, it is possible to observe that the solution containing the highest glycerol concentration allows to obtain, for intermediate valued of CD, CE higher than 97% with a SEC of about 0.37 kWh/kg. By comparing the results it is evident that the acidic electrolyte is the one that allows to reach higher productivity with lower SEC. In the selected conditions, lead deposits appear pure and compact.

Graphical Abstract