bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of physical and temporal certainty on human locomotion with discrete underfoot perturbations
Authors: Kreter Nicholas , Lybbert Carter , Gordon Keith E. , Fino Peter C. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Foot placement can be selected to anticipate upcoming perturbations, but it is unclear how this anticipatory strategy is influenced by available response time or precise knowledge of the perturbation's characteristics. This study investigates anticipatory and reactive locomotor strategies for repeated underfoot perturbations with varying levels of temporal certainty, physical certainty, and available response time. Thirteen healthy adults walked with random underfoot perturbations from a mechanized shoe. Temporal certainty was challenged by presenting the perturbations with or without warning. Available response time was challenged by adjusting the timing of the warning before the perturbation. Physical certainty was challenged by making perturbation direction (inversion or eversion) unpredictable for certain conditions. Linear-mixed effects models assessed the effect of each condition on the percentage change of margin of stability and step width. For perturbations with one stride or less of response time, we observed few changes to step width or margin of stability. As response time increased to two strides, participants adopted wider steps in anticipation of the perturbation (P=0.001). Physical certainty had little effect on gait for the step of the perturbation, but participants recovered normal gait sooner when the physical nature of the perturbation was predictable (P&lt;0.001). Despite having information about the timing and direction of upcoming perturbations, individuals do not develop perturbation-specific feedforward strategies. Instead, they use feedback control to recover normal gait after a perturbation. However, physical certainty appears to make the feedback controller more efficient and allows individuals to recover normal gait sooner.
Bias due to statistical handling of death and reirradiation in the assessment of duration of response after palliative radiotherapy: a scoping review and analysis of clinical data
Authors: Saito Tetsuo , Murotani Kenta , Ito Kei , Nakamura Naoki , Oya Natsuo 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
We investigated the influence of handling death and reirradiation on the estimation of duration of response (DOR).

Methods
First, we performed a scoping review on methods to assess DOR in palliative radiotherapy. Second, we performed three different analyses on a subgroup of patients from a previously published prospective study. The first analysis was a competing risks analysis considering relapse of pain as the event of interest and death and reirradiation as competing events (Analysis A). The second and third analyses were standard survival analyses where the event of interest was a composite outcome of relapse of pain, death, or reirradiation (Analysis B) and relapse of pain (Analysis C), respectively.

Results
Death was considered as an event of interest in less than half of the papers, while reirradiation was not considered in any of the studies. Competing risks analysis was not performed in any of the studies. In the analysis of clinical data, competing risks analysis showed that relapse of pain predominated as the cause of the end of response. Median DOR was correctly estimated to be 4.1 months in Analyses A and B, but was overestimated to be 8.1 months in Analysis C.

Conclusions
Death and reirradiation should be treated as the events of interest that mark the end of response (as in Analyses A and B) to avoid overestimation of treatment efficacy and an invalid assumption of independent censoring.

Advances in knowledge
The definition of end of response remains inconclusive in the assessment of DOR. We recommend competing risks analysis (Analysis A), by which we can estimate cumulative incidence of each event type and evaluate the necessity of reirradiation.
The simplicity of XGBoost algorithm versus the complexity of Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Networks algorithms in urban forest classification
Authors: Ramdani Fatwa , Furqon Muhammad Tanzil 
Published: September 2022

Background: The availability of urban forest is under serious threat, especially in developing countries where urbanization is taking place rapidly. Meanwhile, there are many classifier algorithms available to monitor the extent of the urban forest. However, we need to assess the performance of each classifier to understand its complexity and accuracy. Methods: This study proposes a novel procedure using R language with RStudio software to assess four different classifiers based on different numbers of training datasets to classify the urban forest within the campus environment. The normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) were then employed to compare the accuracy of each classifier. Results: This study found that the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier outperformed the other three classifiers, with an RMSE value of 1.56. While the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were in second, third, and fourth place with RMSE values of 4.33, 6.81, and 7.45 respectively. Conclusions: The XGBoost algorithm is the most suitable for urban forest classification with limited data training. This study is easy to reproduce since the code is available and open to the public.
Value-Based Clinical Trials: Selecting Recruitment Rates and Trial Lengths in Different Regulatory Contexts
Authors: Alban Andres , Chick Stephen E. , Forster Martin 
Published: September 2022

Health systems are placing increasing emphasis on improving the design and operation of clinical trials with the aim of making the health technology adoption process more value-based. We present a model of a value-based, two-armed clinical trial in which both the recruitment rate and trial length are optimized. The model is value-based because it balances the cost of the trial with the expected benefit it generates for patients, valued by the relative health benefits and costs of the technologies. We consider a wide range of regulatory and practical contexts that address how patient health is valued (discount rate, time horizon, pragmatic trials). We present comparative statics and asymptotic analysis together with a retrospective application to a recent health technology assessment and an extension for adaptive trials. Results challenge traditional perceptions concerning the efficiency, length, and knowledge that may be gained from clinical research for trial managers or funders charged with delivering value efficiently: we highlight trade-offs between trial costs and population health benefits influenced by trial outcomes and the importance of optimizing both recruitment rate and trial duration rather than sample size alone.This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, health.Funding: Alban and Chick acknowledge the support of the European Union through the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions European Sepsis Academy Initial Training Network (MSCA-ESA-ITN) project [Grant 676129]. Forster acknowledges funding from the Research Infrastructure Support Fund of the Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York.Supplemental Material: The online companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4540 .
Socioeconomic inequalities in the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (hypertension and diabetes) among Bangladeshi population: Evidence based on population level data analysis
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur 
Published: September 2022

Background
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes are among the most fatal disease and prevalent among the adult population worldwide, including Bangladesh, and pose a public health threat. Understanding the socioeconomic inequalities linked to NCD risk factors can aid in the development of effective strategies to reduce the disease’s recurrence. However, the literature on socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension and diabetes prevalence in Bangladesh is scant. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the inequality in hypertension and diabetes prevalence and to identify factors that may contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in Bangladesh.

Methods
The current study incorporated data from a recent round of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017–18). The age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes were reported, and the log-binomial regression technique was used to identify the relevant confounders. Additionally, socioeconomic inequalities were quantified using a regression-based decomposition technique in which the concentration index (CIX) and Concentration curve were produced to determine the socioeconomic factors contributing to inequality.

Results
Hypertension and diabetes were shown to have an age-standardized prevalence of (11.29% 95% CI: 11.13–11.69) and (36.98% 95% CI: 36.79–37.16), respectively. Both hypertension and diabetes were shown to be pointedly linked to the respondents’ age, wealth status, being overweight or obese, and a variety of respondents’ administrative divisions (p <0.001). In Bangladesh, household wealth status accounted for approximately 25.71% and 43.41% of total inequality in hypertension and diabetes, respectively. While BMI played a significant role in the emergence of inequality, the corresponding percentages for diabetes and hypertension are 4.95 and 83.38, respectively. In addition, urban areas contributed 4.56% inequality to increase diabetes among Bangladeshi inhabitants while administrative region contributed 4.76% of the inequality of hypertension.

Conclusion
A large proportion of Bangladesh’s adult population suffers from hypertension and diabetes. It is critical to recognize the value of equity-based initiatives in order to optimize the benefit-risk ratio and cost effectiveness of preventive health programmes. Integrating equity considerations into interventions is critical for policies and programmes to achieve their objectives. As a result, these findings can be taken into account when making existing and prospective policy decisions, as well as following its progression with economic development of Bangladesh.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in colorectal cancer screening, a systematic review.
Authors: Bernardon Manuela , Boni Tiffani , Lavratti Igor , Nunes Ianne , dos Santos Alessandra , Alt Luciano 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic brought a major impact on cancer screening services, among those, colorectal cancer (CRC). This study evaluated the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the quantity of colonoscopies performed at different countries and its consequences.
Method: Articles from PUB-MED, Scielo and LILACS databases were manually collectedbetween April 25th and June 30th of 2021. Cross-sectional, observational and retrospective studies were selected; 11 articles remained applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: There was significant reduction of colonoscopies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated in all of the studies. A 90% reduction was shown in 3 studies, the lesser reduction was demonstrated by Challine et al., (2021), which was 20%. Also was found a reduction on CRC diagnosis during that period, 72% and 22% at UK in Rutter et al. (2021) and Morris et al., (2021), respectively. At Italy the reduction was of 11,9% as Buscarini et al., (2021) shows. Lui et al., (2020) demonstrated a 37% reduction at Hong-Kong.
Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in CRC screening and diagnostic services was significant, increasing the morbidity and mortality due to late diagnosis. Beyond that it was observed an increase on the diagnosis probability of colonoscopy during that period. More studies are required to fully understand the impact of the screening decreased capacity.
Tinjauan Teori Hukum Pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dalam Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Negara (IKN)
Authors: Fadillah Nor 
Published: September 2022

Pemindahan Ibu Kota yang sebelumnya berada di Jakarta ke Kalimantan Timur menimbulkan pro kontra di masyarakat setelah disahkannya Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Nusantara. Meskipun di dalam penjelasan umum UU IKN tersebut mnjelaskan bahwa salah satu tujuan pemindahan Ibo Kota Negara diharapkan mampu menciptakan perubahan yang lebih baik di masyarakat sehingga disahkannya UU IKN sebagai payung hukum. Namun dalam Teori Hukum Pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja menjelaskan bahwa pembangunan harus dimaknai seluas-luasnya bukan hanya ekonomi namun juga aspek social lainnya karena hukum sebagai sarana pembaharuan masyarakat. Proses pembangunan di Indonesia tidak boleh hanya sekadar ganti pasal aturan tanpa mempertimbangkan makna pembangunan itu sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tinjauan Teori Hukum Pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dalam Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Nusantara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normative dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan lokasi Ibu Kota Negara di dalam UU IKN dirasa kurang tepat karena memakan anggaran yang besar, permasalahan lingkungan seperti ancaman terhadap tata air, resiko perubahan iklim, ancaman flora dan fauna, menggusur lahan masyarakat adat terutama masyarakat adat Suku Balik dan Paser Utara serta menyingkirkan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar yang hanya mampu bertani. Pembahasan UU IKN yang cepat, naskah akademik yang tidak memuat penjelasan filosofis dan kurangnya keterbukaan partisipasi publik tentu saja tidak sejalan dengan Teori Hukum Pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja yang mengkonsepkan bahwa hukum sebagai sarana pembangunan. UU IKN dikhawatirkan mengulang masa Orde Baru yang menjadikan hukum tidak menjadi sarana pembangunan melainkan alat mempertahankan kekuasaan.
Analisis Pengaruh Covid-19 Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Masyarakat Di Indonesia
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Sulaiman Lalu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 membawa pengaruh yang besar terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Bukan hanya dari segi fisik, namun juga kesehatan psikis atau mental yang disebabkan oleh berbagai masalah dan kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kesehatan mental masyarakat dan mengetahui pengaruh COVID-19 terhadap kesehatan mental masyarakat Indonesia secara luas. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dan studi literatur. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melakukan penggalian informasi berdasarkan beberapa sumber tertulis seperti buku, artikel, jurnal, majalah, serta dokumen sesuai dengan permasalahan yang dikaji.Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah COVID-19 membawa pengaruh besar pada kesehatan fisik dan mental masyarakat di Indonesia. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi kesehatan mental masyarakat adalah risiko utama depresi yang muncul akibat pandemi COVID-19 antara lain: resesi ekonomi, faktor jarak dan isolasi sosial, serta stress dan trauma pada tenaga kesehatan. Pengaruh yang diakibatkan COVID-19 pada perubahan yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba, membuat masyarakat sulit beradaptasi dan menyebabkan stress hingga trauma.Simpulan: COVID-19 membawa pengaruh besar dalam kesehatan fisik dan mental masyarakat di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Pengaruh COVID-19, kesehatan mental. ABSTRACT Title: Analysis of The Effect of Covid-19 on Public Mental Health in IndonesiaBackground: COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on public health. Not only in terms of physical, but also psychological or mental health caused by various problems and anxiety that occur as a result. This study aims to find out what factors affect people's mental health and find out how COVID-19 affects the mental health of the Indonesian people at large. Method: The method used in this research is qualitative method and literature study. The technique of collecting data is extracting information based on several written sources such as books, articles, journals, magazines, and documents according to the problems being studied. Results: The results of this study are COVID-19 has a major impact on the physical and mental health of people in Indonesia, while factors that affect people's mental health are the main risk of depression that arises due to the COVID-19 pandemic such as economic recession, distance and social isolation, stress and trauma to health workers. The effect caused by covid-19 on changes that occur suddenly, makes it difficult for people to adapt and causes stress to trauma.Conclusion: COVID-19 has a major impact on the physical and mental health of people in Indonesia.Keywords: The effect of COVID-19, mental health
Improving the high temperature oxidation resistance of high entropy alloy by surface modification
Authors: Garg Mayank , Grewal Harpreet S. , Sharma Ram K. , Arora Harpreet S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the current study, we report an excellent high temperature oxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) following surface modification. The surface properties of HEA were tailored through a severe surface deformation technique. The as cast HEA exhibited coarse grain B2/BCC microstructure. In contrast, processed specimen showed significant grain refinement along with B2/BCC to FCC phase-transition. The processed specimen demonstrated 11–67% reduction in the oxidation kinetics. Cr2O3 and Al2O3 were the predominant oxides formed in all the oxidized specimens. In addition, Cr, Fe and Co rich spinels were also found in the as cast oxidized specimens. The superior oxidation resistance of the processed specimen is attributed to the microstructural refinement resulting in the formation of protective dense chromia layer.
A clinically-guided unsupervised clustering approach to recommend symptoms of disease associated with diagnostic opportunities
Authors: Miller Aaron C. , Arakkal Alan T. , Koeneman Scott H. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
A first step in studying diagnostic delays is to select the signs, symptoms and alternative diseases that represent missed diagnostic opportunities. Because this step is labor intensive requiring exhaustive literature reviews, we developed machine learning approaches to mine administrative data sources and recommend conditions for consideration. We propose a methodological approach to find diagnostic codes that exhibit known patterns of diagnostic delays and apply this to the diseases of tuberculosis and appendicitis.

Methods
We used the IBM MarketScan Research Databases, and consider the initial symptoms of cough before tuberculosis and abdominal pain before appendicitis. We analyze diagnosis codes during healthcare visits before the index diagnosis, and use k-means clustering to recommend conditions that exhibit similar trends to the initial symptoms provided. We evaluate the clinical plausibility of the recommended conditions and the corresponding number of possible diagnostic delays based on these diseases.

Results
For both diseases of interest, the clustering approach suggested a large number of clinically-plausible conditions to consider (e.g., fever, hemoptysis, and pneumonia before tuberculosis). The recommended conditions had a high degree of precision in terms of clinical plausibility: >70% for tuberculosis and >90% for appendicitis. Including these additional clinically-plausible conditions resulted in more than twice the number of possible diagnostic delays identified.

Conclusions
Our approach can mine administrative datasets to detect patterns of diagnostic delay and help investigators avoid under-identifying potential missed diagnostic opportunities. In addition, the methods we describe can be used to discover less-common presentations of diseases that are frequently misdiagnosed.
PZT and PVDF piezoelectric transducers’ design implications on their efficiency and energy harvesting potential
Authors: Stamatellou Antiopi-Malvina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite the intensive research carried out in the last two decades, the actual performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters needs significant improvement for widespread applicability. Custom designed experimental set-ups and methods can be applied for the evaluation of new piezoelectric energy harvesters or modified design versions of existing transducers, in terms of efficiency and specific power. In this context, two representative types of commercial cantilever piezoelectric transducers, made of PZT and PVDF material respectively, were tested in various combinations of aerodynamic and harmonic base excitation. A line type laser was used along with long exposure photography for the visualisation of the piezofilm’s mode shapes, tip deflection and the digitization of the elastic line at the oscillation extrema. The harvested power was measured at on-resonance conditions and studied relative to the excitation combinations and the mode shapes. Energy conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio of the electric-field energy accumulated by the supercapacitors, over the total elastic strain energy change of the material during the oscillations is measured and compared. Design improvements are proposed for both transducer types to extract and absorb higher amounts of energy and improve their bandwidth to match the available excitation source characteristics.
A facile and universal method to purify silica from natural sand
Authors: Li Jiahui , Wang Yangfeng , He Xuehua , Sun Qing , Xiong Meichai , Chen Zichong , Zeng Chengfu , Zheng Xiaohua , Liang Chu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The major constituents of sand are silica and silicates. The facile and low-cost purification technology of silica from natural sand is of magnificent importance to the industrial applications of silicon-based materials. Herein, we report a green, low-cost, and universal method to purify silica from natural sand. Sand from deserts, rivers, and seas is selected as the representative of natural sand. The initial purity of silica is 52.1 wt% for desert sand, 39.3 wt% for river sand, and 35.8 wt% for sea sand. High-purity silica has been successfully separated and purified from natural sand via ball milling, reacting with 30 bar CO2 and hydrochloric acid. The purity of silica derived from natural sand reaches >96 wt%. In this work, the mechanism for the purification of silica from natural sand is discussed. This study provides a new method to separate high-purity silica from natural sand without the generation of toxic and harmful substances.
NK-cell dysfunction of acute myeloid leukemia in relation to the renin–angiotensin system and neurotransmitter genes
Authors: Turk Seyhan , Baesmat Ayriana Safari , Yılmaz Aysegul , Turk Can , Malkan Umit Yavuz , Ucar Gulberk , Haznedaroğlu Ibrahim Celalettin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most heterogeneous hematological disorder and blast cells need to fight against immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells can elicit fast anti-tumor responses in response to surface receptors of tumor cells. NK-cell activity is often impaired in the disease, and there is a risk of insufficient tumor suppression and progression. The aim of this study is to assess the dysfunction of NK cells in AML patients via focusing on two important pathways. We obtained single-cell RNA-sequencing data from NK cells obtained from healthy donors and AML patients. The data were used to perform a wide variety of approaches, including DESeq2 (version 3.9), limma (version 3.26.8) power differential expression analyses, hierarchical clustering, gene set enrichment, and pathway analysis. ATP6AP2, LNPEP, PREP, IGF2R, CTSA, and THOP1 genes were found to be related to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) family, while DPP3, GLRA3, CRCP, CHRNA5, CHRNE, and CHRNB1 genes were associated with the neurotransmitter pathways. The determined genes are expressed within different patterns in the AML and healthy groups. The relevant molecular pathways and clusters of genes were identified, as well. The cross-talks of NK-cell dysfunction in relation to the RAS and neurotransmitters seem to be important in the genesis of AML.