bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical neurotoxicity to the inferior alveolar nerve—A rare sequela of endodontic treatment
Authors: Mahmood Hanya , Hoare Johnathan , Atkins Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimDamage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during endodontic procedures is a rare complication. However, over‐ instrumentation and over‐filling during root canal treatment can cause injury through direct trauma, pressure or neurotoxicity from intra‐canal irrigants or root canal filling materials, particularly where the roots of mandibular molars or premolars are in close proximity to the IAN. This report describes the clinical presentation and management of a severe chemical injury to the right IAN following the endodontic treatment. We also provide practical considerations to help minimise such complications.MethodsA 27‐year‐old female developed immediate onset numbness and tingling to the right mental region following endodontic treatment of tooth 47. Radiographic examination confirmed widespread extrusion of root canal sealer within the marrow spaces of the right mandibular body extending centrally within the mandibular canal and perforating the lingual cortex.ResultsUrgent surgical exploration and decompression of the right IAN were undertaken, which revealed an avascular and fibrotic nerve with virtually no normal neuronal structure. There was evidence of foreign material both in contact with the epineurium and within the nerve trunk, much of which could not be eliminated. This severe chemical insult to the nerve resulted in irreversible anaesthesia in the right IAN distribution.ConclusionThis case highlights the diligence that is required when performing root canal treatment in high‐risk mandibular molar teeth, particularly in relation to confining materials within the canal space, accurate canal measurements and comprehensive radiographic evaluation both pre‐ and post‐operatively. Urgent specialist referral for the elimination of foreign material is essential to maximise the potential for nerve regeneration.
Performance time of anesthesiology trainees for cricothyroid membrane identification and characteristics of cricothyroid membrane in pediatric patients using ultrasonography
Authors: Cho Sung‐Ae , Kang Pyoyoon , Song In‐Sun , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Jang Young‐Eun , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Eun‐Hee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the cricothyroid membrane is an essential technical skill for front‐of‐neck access procedures.AimsThis study evaluated the usefulness of cricothyroid membrane identification in pediatric patients using ultrasonography by anesthesiology trainees without experience in airway ultrasound and collected anatomical data on the cricothyroid membrane and its surrounding airway structures in children.MethodsThis prospective observational study included children aged <18 years scheduled to undergo general anesthesia and anesthesiology trainees who identified the cricothyroid membrane in five sequential anesthetized patients using ultrasonography. A pediatric anesthesiologist confirmed the accuracy of the identified cricothyroid membrane and recorded the performance time. The primary aims were the cricothyroid membrane identification success rate and performance time. The secondary aims were the characterization of the cricothyroid membrane and its surrounding structures.ResultsOverall, 150 pediatric patients and 30 anesthesiology trainees were analyzed. The cricothyroid membrane identification success rate using ultrasonography was 100% in all the attempts using a transverse approach. The mean (standard deviation) performance time was 27.2 (18.6) s and 31.0 (23.8) s using the transverse and longitudinal approaches, respectively. The performance time decreased by 3.1 (p = .003, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.1–−1.0) and 5.2 (p = .007, 95% CI = −8.9–−1.4) seconds per increase in number of attempts with the transverse and longitudinal approaches, respectively. The cricothyroid membrane length was mostly correlated with the patients' height (r = .75, p < .001), and the blood vessels surrounding the cricothyroid membrane were observed in 95.9% of the patients.ConclusionsAnesthesiology trainees without experience in airway ultrasound successfully identified the cricothyroid membrane in pediatric patients using ultrasonography after a brief training period. Further research is required as the identification of a structure does not predict the success of the actual procedure, particularly if done in an emergency situation.
Translational genomics from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for bioenergy breeding
Authors: Federico Maria L. , Diniz Augusto L. , Souza Glaucia M. , Snowdon Rod , Erazzú Luis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale evaluation of genetic diversity in crops with large and complex genomes benefits from the selective enrichment of relevant genomic regions prior to sequencing. Given the complexity of the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genome and the limited exploration of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important energy traits, we used comparative genomics with the related diploid crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to mine for regions associated with bioenergy production. Twenty‐one meta‐QTL (mQTL) were identified after surveying 286 QTL from 24 different studies using the Sorghum QTL Atlas. Comparative genomics revealed that at least 35% of genes located within QTL can be found in highly conserved sorghum/sugarcane collinear chromosome blocks. Additionally, a targeted candidate search identified 200 genes known for their involvement in sugar and cell wall metabolism. For a subset of these sorghum genes, we evaluated sugarcane gene copy number, sequence identity, and homoeolog expression in target tissues. This work is an initial step towards targeting and resequencing sugarcane orthologous genomic regions to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a resource for genomics‐assisted breeding.
Pattern‐triggered immunity against root‐knot nematode infection: A minireview
Authors: Goode Kelly , Mitchum Melissa G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) is the basal level of defense a plant has against pathogens. In the case of root‐knot nematodes (RKN), PTI relies on the recognition of nematode‐associated molecular patterns (NAMPs) for activation. Nematodes have successfully overcome PTI many times by evolving effector proteins to combat PTI responses. As a result, much study has focused on effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of PTI against RKN. A new interest in understanding PTI in response to RKN infection shows that understanding the basal defense responses RKN have overcome provides critical insight into what mechanisms the effectors have evolved to target in the host plant.
Does training make a difference? Proficiency training in transfusion guidelines and its effect on red blood cell administration
Authors: Daichman Svetlana , Ostrovsky Daniel , Dreiher Jacob , Pikovsky Oleg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPacked red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a very common and frequently lifesaving therapeutic intervention, but a liberal transfusion policy may be associated with inferior patient outcomes. Various guidelines have been proposed to reduce the rate of unnecessary RBC transfusions. However, physicians' proficiency in such guidelines and the effect of training on RBC administration remain unknown.MethodsWe performed a questionnaire‐based assessment of physicians' knowledge of the guidelines in a tertiary hospital in Israel, followed by an analysis of RBC administration six months before and six months after training was delivered.ResultsThe level of proficiency was higher among Israeli university graduates (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.59, p‐value = 0.02), internists (OR 2.8, p‐value = 0.02), and physicians beyond the step‐one residency exam (OR 3.08, p‐value = 0.02). There was no significant effect of training on the rates of RBC administration (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.96 [CI 95% 0.81–1.14], p‐value = 0.655).ConclusionEducational intervention alone is an ineffective means of reducing the rates of RBC administration. A more complex approach is required to prevent unnecessary RBC transfusions.
Morphological characteristics and chemical behaviour of phosphorus at the sediment–water interface in wetland
Authors: Zhang Lihao , Zhu Yinian , Wang Dunqiu , Li Weixuan , Cheng Duanying , Chen Xu , Liang Meina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe content and adsorption capacity of phosphorus in the surface and bottom sediments of the karst wetland were monitored for 2 months. The results indicated that the total phosphorus concentration in the sediments varied from 217.15 to 1511.84 mg kg−1 and 353.64 to 1650.26 mg kg−1 in summer and autumn, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of phosphorus by wetland sediments were systematically studied. The adsorption isotherm conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximal adsorption capacity (Qmax), background adsorbed phosphorus (NAP), and equilibrium concentrations (EPCe) in sediments were strongly affected by Eh, pH, the content of inorganic phosphorus (IP), and organic phosphorus (Or‐P). The results of this research will shed light on understanding the biogeochemistry behaviour of phosphorus at the sediment–water interface in karst wetland and the water purification mechanism in wetland sediments on a global scale.
Design and Control of a Flexible Exoskeleton to Generate a Natural Full Gait for Lower-Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Biao Liu , Youwei Liu , Xiaoming Xian , Haoyi Wu , Longhan Xie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Strokes caused by cerebrovascular diseases often result in severe damage to locomotion, movement, and cognitive functions. Rehabilitation is an effective way to regain locomotion ability in daily life. However, there are mismatching biological joints, non-full rehabilitation gaits, and indirect joint feedback among conventional exoskeletons or devices. Hence, this paper proposed a novel flexible Bowden cable driving exoskeleton to achieve natural full walking gaits utilizing direct lower-limb movement feedback. First, complete flexible joint rotation kinematics was proposed by using a pair of agonism–antagonism flexible Bowden cables. Then, a personalized rehabilitation walking gait and feedforward proportional-integral-differential controller were adopted to drive the lower limbs to realize complete joint movement and natural full gait locomotion. Finally, a prototype was designed to verify the effectiveness. Mannequin and human tests were conducted, and the results show that the real walking gait is consistent with the reference natural human gait and that assistive torque was applied to humans to reduce muscle activation without significantly changing the foot pressure.
Clinical Evaluation of an Automatic Oxygen Control System for Premature Infants Receiving High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Respiratory Support: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hou Xuefeng , Faqeeh Akram , Amjad Ramak , Pardalos John , Fales Roger 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A pilot clinical study was conducted that compared the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) targeting performance of an automatic oxygen control system with manual oxygen control, which is the standard of care for preterm and low birth weight infants on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). The new oxygen control device studied was used to automatically adjust the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) according to a desired SpO2 target setpoint and measured feedback signals including the SpO2 and other signals. A crossover study was designed with several endpoints including the comparison of the percentage of time that the SpO2 was within the target range with the automatic oxygen control device versus manual oxygen control. Other metrics were also compared to assess the performance of the system including the number of bradycardia events. The pilot study included six patients that fit the inclusion criteria. The results showed that there were improvements in all of the measured outcomes considered including statistically significant improvements in the number of bradycardia events during the period when the automatic oxygen control device was used.
Estimation of Energy Pumping Time in Bistable Nonlinear Energy Sink and Experimental Validation
Authors: Wu Zhenhang , Seguy Sébastien , Paredes Manuel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The bistable nonlinear energy sink (NES) shows high efficiency in mitigating vibration through targeted energy transfer (TET). It performs well in low- and high-energy input cases, whereas, for a cubic NES, TET occurs only above a certain energy threshold. In this work, the measure of energy pumping time is extended to a harmonic excitation case by the application of a particular integration assumption. An equivalent point in the slow invariant manifold (SIM) structure can represent the average variation of the amplitudes of linear oscillator (LO) and NES. The marked robustness of this semi-analytical prediction method under parameter perturbation is investigated numerically here. The influence of parameters on the rate at which the amplitude declines is also investigated for both impulsive and harmonic excitation. The pumping time estimation is validated in a low-energy input experimental test.
Exact Solution of a Class of Non-Circular Vibrating Membranes
Authors: Wang C.Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Saint-Venant’s method to solve the Poisson equation is applied to the Helmholtz equation which governs membrane vibration. A family of non-circular membrane shapes with N-fold rotational symmetry is presented. Membrane shapes, properties, and fundamental frequencies are tabulated. The solutions are exact and can serve as accuracy standards for approximate methods.
Memory Impairments Associated With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Burns Karlee , Sanford Leah , Tierney Ryan , McDevitt Jane 
Published: April 2022

Clinical Question: Do sports-related mild traumatic brain injury in adolescents and young adults produce changes that can be identified with functional magnetic resonance imaging that are associated with memory impairment? Clinical Bottom Line: After sport-related mild traumatic brain injury, functional magnetic resonance imaging identified inconsistent structural changes (e.g., cortical thickness changes, brain activation patterns), and negative performance changes in memory function (e.g., lower neuropsychological scores) in adolescents and young adults 9 days to more than a year following injury.
Generalised Ellis–Bronnikov wormholes in f(R) gravity
Authors: Sokoliuk Oleksii , Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo P. K. , Baransky Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we construct generalized Ellis–Bronnikov wormholes in the context of f(R) modified theories of gravity. We consider that the matter driving the wormhole satisfies the energy conditions so that it is the effective energy–momentum tensor containing the higher-order derivatives of curvature terms that violate the null energy condition. Thus, the gravitational fluid is interpreted by the higher-order derivatives of curvature terms to represent the wormhole geometries and is fundamentally different from its counter representation in general relativity. In particular, we explore the wormhole geometries by presuming various well-known forms of Lagrangian f(R). In addition, for the seek of completeness, we discuss modified Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov, volume integral quantifier, and total gravitational energy.
Phase Ib/II Study of Enzalutamide with Samotolisib (LY3023414) or Placebo in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sweeney Christopher J. , Percent Ivor J. , Babu Sunil , Cultrera Jennifer L. , Mehlhaff Bryan A. , Goodman Oscar B. , Morris David S. , Schnadig Ian D. , Albany Costantine , Shore Neal D. , Sieber Paul R. , Guba Susan C. , Zhang Wei , Wacheck Volker , Donoho Gregory P. , Szpurka Anna M. , Callies Sophie , Lin Boris Kin , Bendell Johanna C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To report efficacy and safety of samotolisib (LY3023414; PI3K/mTOR dual kinase and DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor) plus enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following cancer progression on abiraterone.

Patients and Methods:
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ib/II study (NCT02407054), following a lead-in segment for evaluating safety and pharmacokinetics of samotolisib and enzalutamide combination, patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer with progression on prior abiraterone were randomized to receive enzalutamide (160 mg daily)/samotolisib (200 mg twice daily) or placebo. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group criteria (PCWG2). Secondary and exploratory endpoints included radiographic PFS (rPFS) and biomarkers, respectively. Log-rank tests assessed treatment group differences.

Results:
Overall, 13 and 129 patients were enrolled in phase Ib and II, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicity was not reported in patients during phase Ib and mean samotolisib exposures remained in the targeted range despite a 35% decrease when administered with enzalutamide. In phase II, median PCWG2-PFS and rPFS was significantly longer in the samotolisib/enzalutamide versus placebo/enzalutamide arm (3.8 vs. 2.8 months; P = 0.003 and 10.2 vs. 5.5 months; P = 0.03), respectively. Patients without androgen receptor splice variant 7 showed a significant and clinically meaningful rPFS benefit in the samotolisib/enzalutamide versus placebo/enzalutamide arm (13.2 months vs. 5.3 months; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Samotolisib/enzalutamide has tolerable side effects and significantly improved PFS in patients with mCRPC with cancer progression on abiraterone, and this may be enriched in patients with PTEN intact and no androgen receptor splice variant 7.
Hang in there: comparative arboreal prey-handling in boa constrictors and ball pythons
Authors: Ryerson William G. , Sweesy Ben , Goulet Cassidy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Snakes are a diverse group of reptiles, having colonized almost every environment on the planet. Multiple snake lineages have independently evolved semiarboreal or completely arboreal species. As snakes lack limbs, the challenges of moving and feeding in an arboreal environment are numerous. Here we compare the prey-handling ability of the semiarboreal boa constrictor to the terrestrial ball python in a simulated arboreal context. Snakes were allowed to strike at rodent prey and attempt to swallow that prey while suspended. Boa constrictors were successful in feeding, using a complex suite of behaviors to maintain their position and manipulate their prey. Boa constrictors positioned rats so that swallowing occurred in the direction of gravity, and would use loops of their body to support the rat during swallowing. Ball pythons were frequently not successful in feeding, lacking the complex behaviors that boa constrictors frequently employed. Ball pythons would attempt to swallow, but in the majority of feeding attempts were ultimately unsuccessful. These unsuccessful feeding attempts were typically characterized by the ball pythons hanging upside-down, trying to swallow the prey against the direction of gravity. We suggest that behavioral modifications to feeding encouraged successful invasion of arboreal habitats, but more sampling of snake diversity is needed to explore the range and types of feeding behaviors that arboreal snakes employ.
Enforcing Law in Undelimited Maritime Areas: Indonesian Border Experience
Authors: Afriansyah Arie , Darmawan Aristyo Rizka , Pramudianto Andreas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As the largest archipelagic State in the world, Indonesia has a very long coastline and is bordered by ten countries. Irrespective of its geographical condition, a genuine delimitation of its maritime boundaries is crucial for Indonesia. However, maritime boundary delimitation often takes considerable time. One problem that often arises during maritime boundary delimitation negotiations is determining the extent to which coastal States can enforce their national law in areas with undelimited maritime boundaries. This article analyses the national and international regulations, as well as Indonesian practice, of maritime law enforcement in areas with undelimited maritime boundaries and Indonesia‘s current practices in resolving maritime-related issues.
A Wine a Day …: Medical Experts and Expertise in Plutarch’s Table Talk
Authors: Meeusen Michiel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This contribution examines the important role that medical experts and expertise played at convivial networking events in the High Roman Empire, as imagined by a non-specialist in the field, viz. the famous Platonist intellectual Plutarch of Chaeronea (ca. 45–120 CE). An analysis of a number of medical problems discussed in his Table Talk will yield fresh insights into the social and intellectual role which doctors, as members of the educated elite, were expected to play in convivial community contexts and also how popular or common had become certain theories, concepts and beliefs relating to health and healing in the High Imperial era. At the same time, it will give a clearer idea of what was the place of medical experts and expertise in Plutarch’s intellectual programme, and how this interest ties in with his (natural) philosophical endeavours more generally.
A Jumble of Writings: Commentaries on Aristotle’s De Longitudine et Brevitate Vitae Attributed to Adam of Buckfield
Authors: Nelis Tilke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The translatio vetus of Aristotle’s De longitudine et brevitate vitae – a medieval text also known under the title of De morte et vita – was commented upon by the Oxford Master Adam of Buckfield in the thirteenth century. Inventories record two commentaries, which are either anonymous or unclearly ascribed. These writings are usually attributed by modern scholarship to Buckfield, though not always on convincing grounds. In the present article, I offer a more accurate, expanded overview of some so-called Buckfield commentaries on the translatio vetus, distinguishing between four individual texts. In order to characterize these writings, and to have a solid basis for addressing the authenticity problem, one passage from each commentary is scrutinized within the scope of a case study.
Colliding Norm Clusters: Protection of Civilians, Responsibility to Protect, and Counter-terrorism in Mali
Authors: Gallagher Adrian , Lawrinson Blake , Hunt Charles T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The United Nations Security Council passes resolutions that invoke multiple norms including the protection of civilians (PoC), the responsibility to protect (R2P), and counter-terrorism. The fact that these norms are invoked alongside one another raises questions about how they interact. While there have been studies on the relationship between PoC and R2P, as well as R2P and counter-terrorism, as far as the authors are aware, this is the first study that analyses the interplay between all three norms. To do this, the article utilises the concept of ‘norm clusters’ to discuss the internal structure of PoC, R2P, and counter-terrorism prior to analysing the linkages between them. The article proposes that PoC, R2P, and counter-terrorism can be viewed as a ‘human protection norm cluster’ but also highlights areas of tension and overlap between the three norms. At the empirical level, the article explores these dynamics in the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (minusma). Although all three norms embody the value of human protection, our findings evidence, first, these norms are not given equal weight, second, they are not mutually reinforcing, and third, even though counter-terrorism plays a more peripheral role, it has a detrimental impact upon PoC.