bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lanthanide europium MOF nanocomposite as the theranostic nanoplatform for microwave thermo-chemotherapy and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhao Lirong , Zhang Wei , Wu Qiong , Fu Changhui , Ren Xiangling , Lv Kongpeng , Ma Tengchuang , Chen Xudong , Tan Longfei , Meng Xianwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
Microwave sensitization nanoplatform, integrating multiple functional units for improving tumor selectivity, is of great significance for clinical tumor microwave treatment. Lanthanide europium metal organic framework (EuMOF) is expected to be a theranostic nanoplatform owing to its unique luminescent and microwave sensitization properties. However, it is difficult to be applied to complicated biological systems for EuMOF due to its rapid degradation induced by the solvent molecular and ionic environment. In this work, a luminescent EuMOF nanocomposite (EuMOF@ZIF/AP-PEG, named EZAP) was designed, which brought the multifunctional characteristics of microwave sensitization, fluorescence imaging and drug loading.

Results
Lamellar EuMOF was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Through the charge adsorption mechanism, the zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF) structure was intensively assembled on the surface of EuMOF to realize the protection. Then, through in-situ Apatinib drug loading and PEG modification, EZAP nanocomposite was finally obtained. Apatinib (AP) was a kind of chemotherapy drug approved by Food and Drug Administration for targeted therapy of tumors. PEG modification increased long-term circulation of EZAP nanocomposite. The physical and chemical structure and properties of EuMOF@ZIF (EZ) were systematically represented, indicating the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. The toxic and side effects were negligible at a safe dose. The growth of human liver cancer cells and murine liver cancer cells in vitro was significantly inhibited, and the combined microwave-thermal therapy and chemotherapy in vivo achieved high anti-cancer efficacy. Moreover, EZAP nanocomposite possessed bright red fluorescence, which can be applied for tumor imaging in tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

Conclusion
Therefore, EZAP nanocomposite showed high microwave sensitization, excellent fluorescence properties and outstanding drug loading capacity, establishing a promising theranostic nanoplatform for tumor therapy and fluorescence imaging. This work proposes a unique strategy to design for the first time a multifunctional nanoplatform with lanthanide metal organic frameworks for biological applications in tumor therapy and diagnosis.

Graphical Abstract
Which NK cell populations mark the high burden of CMV present in all HIV patients beginning ART in Indonesia?
Authors: Ariyanto Ibnu A. , Estiasari Riwanti , Karim Birry , Wijaya Ika Praseya , Bela Budiman , Soebandrio Amin , Price Patricia , Lee Silvia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations where some individuals are seronegative. However, effects of CMV are unclear in HIV patients who all have high levels of CMV antibodies. Other metrics of their CMV burden are needed. Amongst transplant recipients, CMV drives the expansion of NK cell populations expressing NKG2C and/or LIR1 and lacking FcRγ.

Methods
Indonesian HIV patients (n = 40) were tested before ART and after 6 months, with healthy local controls (n = 20). All patients had high CMV antibody titres. 52% started therapy with CMV DNA detectable by qPCR, providing a crude measure of CMV burden. Proportions of CD56Hi or CD56Lo NK cells expressing FcRγ, NKG2C or LIR1 were determined flow cytometrically. CVD was predicted using carotid intimal media thickness (cIMT). Values were correlated with levels of CMV antibodies on ART.

Results
Patients had low proportions of CD56Lo and more CD56Hi NK cells. However proportions of FcRγ− NK cells were lowest in patients with CMV DNA, and cIMT values related inversely with FcRγ− NK cells in these patients. Percentages of NKG2C+CD56Lo NK cells were similar in patients and controls, but rose in patients with CMV DNA. Proportions of NKG2C+ CD56Hi NK cells correlated with levels of CMV antibodies in CMV DNA-negative patients.

Conclusions
We show that the very high burdens of CMV in this population confound systems developed to study effects of CMV in other populations. FcRγ− NK cells may be depleted by very high CMV burdens, but NKG2C and antibody levels may be informative in patients on ART.
Oncolytic therapy with vaccinia virus carrying IL-24 for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Deng Lili , Yang Xue , Ding Yuedi , Fan Jun , Peng Ying , Xu Dong , Huang Biao , Hu Zhigang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly refractory cancer associated with increasing mortality, which currently lacks effective treatment options. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a novel tumor suppressor cytokine that can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis, and it has been utilized as a cancer gene therapy strategy. The vaccinia virus is a promising strategy for cancer therapy, owing to its direct viral lytic effects, as well as a vehicle to overexpress therapeutic transgenes.

Methods
We constructed a recombinant oncolytic vaccinia viruse (VG9-IL-24) based on vaccinia virus Guang9 (VG9) harboring the IL-24 gene. In vitro, we assessed the replication of VG9-IL-24 in HCC cell lines and normal liver cells and evaluated the cytotoxicity in different cell lines; then, we determined the expression of IL-24 by RT-PCR and ELISA. We examined apoptosis and cell cycle progression in SMMC-7721 cells treated with VG9-IL-24 by flow cytometry. In vivo, we established the SMMC-7721 xenograft mouse model to evaluate the antitumor effects of VG9-IL-24.

Results
In vitro, VG9-IL-24 efficiently infected HCC cell lines, but not normal liver cells, and resulted in a high level of IL-24 expression and significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, VG9-IL-24 induced an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells and blocked the SMMC-7721 cell cycle in the G2/M phase. In vivo, tumor growth was significantly suppressed and the survival was prolonged in VG9-IL-24-treated mice.

Conclusions
Vaccinia virus VG9-mediated gene therapy might be an innovative treatment for cancer with tumor-specific lysis and apoptosis-inducing effects. VG9-IL-24 exhibited enhanced antitumor effects and is a promising candidate for HCC therapy.
Monitoring population salt intake using casual urinary sodium: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Bahadoran Zahra , Mirmiran Parvin , Norouzirad Reza , Ghasemi Asghar , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to estimate salt intake among an Iranian population using spot urine-based equations and a dietary-based method.

Methods
Adult men and women (n = 2069) were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2014–2017). Urinary sodium (Na), potassium (K), and creatinine (Cr) concentrations were measured in the morning spot urine samples. The 24-h urinary Na excretion and predicted salt intake was estimated using five equations, i.e., Kawasaki, Tanaka, Intersalt, Toft, and Whitton. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary intake of salt. The agreement of each urinary- and FFQ-based salt estimation with the overall mean of the methods, considered as the gold standard, was assessed using the Bland–Altman method.

Results
Mean age of the participants was 45.6 ± 14.8 y, and 45.4% were men. Mean (SD) estimated salt intake, derived from the overall mean of the methods, was 9.0 ± 2.2 g/d (10.2 ± 2.1 and 7.9 ± 1.7 g/d in men and women, respectively). Mean bias of the estimations from the overall mean ranged from − 0.2.42 to 2.75 g/d, with the Tanaka equation having the least bias (mean bias = 0.13 ± 1.10, 95% CI − 2.37, 2.30 g/d). Tanaka estimated a mean salt intake of 8.9 g/d (range 2.1 to 18.7 g/d); accordingly, only 5.1% of participants adhered to the recommendation (< 5 g/d salt intake), whereas 26.8% and 2.4% exceeded the recommendation by 2- and threefold.

Conclusion
The Tanaka equation could provide a more accurate mean-population estimated salt intake from casual urinary Na concentration in our population. About 95% of the Iranian population exceeded the current recommendations of salt intake.
Thoracoscopic giant lung bullaectomy: our initial experience
Authors: Kolodii Marina , Azzam Sharbel , Peer Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Giant lung bullae (GLB) are rare, and the only currently available management involves either an open surgical resection (thoracotomy) or the newer minimally invasive resection consisting of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible influence of GLBs pulmonary attachment on patient's post-operative complications.

Methods
A retrospective analysis included all consecutive patients with GLBs who underwent bullae's surgical resection from 7/2007 to 12/2018. GLBs patient's individual characteristics, including demographics, comorbidities, and clinical pre-operative, surgical intra-operative and post-operative data were evaluated.

Results
20 patients with GLBs, 15 males and 5 females with average age of 48.9 years (range, 22–67 years) underwent 21 surgical procedures. The GLBs were located in the right lung in 12 patients, in the left lung in seven patients, and in both lungs in one patient. Fifteen patients (75%) were symptomatic on admission and underwent urgent surgery. Five asymptomatic patients (25%) were operated on electively. Thirteen from 21 surgical procedures (61.9%) were VATS bullectomy, while the other eight were thoracotomies (38.1%). Complications included pneumonia successfully treated with intravenous antibacterial therapy in two thoracotomy patients and in one VATS patient (three patients, 14.2%) and a prolonged air leak in two thoracotomy and four VATS patients (six patients, 28.5%). Out of 21 GLBs, eight had a wide attachment with lung parenchyma (wide-based bullae's) and 13 had a short attachment (short-based bullae's). Two re-operated patients, with prolonged air leak complicated with empyema, had a wide-based GLBs. The median hospital stay was nine days. All patients completed the 24-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery as an open thoracotomy surgery is a safe and effective for giant lung bullae (GLB). Patients with wide-based GLBs were more likely to develop postoperative prolonged air leak that requiring re-operation.
Target-oriented prioritization: targeted selection strategy by integrating organismal and molecular traits through predictive analytics in breeding
Authors: Yang Wenyu , Guo Tingting , Luo Jingyun , Zhang Ruyang , Zhao Jiuran , Warburton Marilyn L. , Xiao Yingjie , Yan Jianbing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenomic prediction in crop breeding is hindered by modeling on limited phenotypic traits. We propose an integrative multi-trait breeding strategy via machine learning algorithm, target-oriented prioritization (TOP). Using a large hybrid maize population, we demonstrate that the accuracy for identifying a candidate that is phenotypically closest to an ideotype, or target variety, achieves up to 91%. The strength of TOP is enhanced when omics level traits are included. We show that TOP enables selection of inbreds or hybrids that outperform existing commercial varieties. It improves multiple traits and accurately identifies improved candidates for new varieties, which will greatly influence breeding.
Determination of profenofos in seawater and foodstuff samples after its molecularly imprinted polymer pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction optimized by response surface methodology
Authors: Tamandani Mahsa , Hashemi Sayyed Hossein , Kaykhaii Massoud , Jamali Keikha Ahmad , Nasiriyan Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In this research, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and employed as a sorbent for pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction of profenofos insecticide in seawater, rice, and fish samples. The instrument employed for quantitation was spectrophotometry.

Results
Various factors affecting the microextraction protocol, including type and volume of the elution solvent, weight of MIP, pH and volume of sample solution, and number of cycles of loading and desorption were considered and optimized using one-factor-at-a-time, central composite design and Box-Behnken design. Factors optimized at: pH 4.0, amount of sorbent 2.5 mg, volume of methanol:acetic (9:1) acid as eluent 250 µL, both the number of extraction and elution cycles 5, and volume of sample 8.0 mL. At optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 31 was achieved and the linearity range of the method was between 1.0 and 1000.0 µg/L. A good detection limit of 0.33 µg/L with a reproducibility better than 5.6% (as RSD) was observed.

Conclusion
The technique showed good analytical features for determination of profenofos in seawater, rice, and fish samples. Simplicity of operation of spectrophotometry and lack of using expensive HPLC grade solvents are other points of strengths of this method. The total analysis time was about 10 min, which is far less than techniques such as HPLC. Comparison between optimization with central composite design and Box–Behnken design showed better performance of the former.
Response mechanisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the stress factors present in lignocellulose hydrolysate and strategies for constructing robust strains
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Nan , Zhao Xuebing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels such as bioethanol and high value-added products has attracted great interest in recent decades due to the carbon neutral nature of biomass feedstock. However, there are still many key technical difficulties for the industrial application of biomass bioconversion processes. One of the challenges associated with the microorganismSaccharomyces cerevisiaethat is usually used for bioethanol production refers to the inhibition of the yeast by various stress factors. These inhibitive effects seriously restrict the growth and fermentation performance of the strains, resulting in reduced bioethanol production efficiency. Therefore, improving the stress response ability of the strains is of great significance for industrial production of bioethanol. In this article, the response mechanisms ofS. cerevisiaeto various hydrolysate-derived stress factors including organic acids, furan aldehydes, and phenolic compounds have been reviewed. Organic acids mainly stimulate cells to induce intracellular acidification, furan aldehydes mainly break the intracellular redox balance, and phenolic compounds have a greater effect on membrane homeostasis. These damages lead to inadequate intracellular energy supply and dysregulation of transcription and translation processes, and then activate a series of stress responses. The regulation mechanisms ofS. cerevisiaein response to these stress factors are discussed with regard to the cell wall/membrane, energy, amino acids, transcriptional and translational, and redox regulation. The reported key target genes and transcription factors that contribute to the improvement of the strain performance are summarized. Furthermore, the genetic engineering strategies of constructing multilevel defense and eliminating stress effects are discussed in order to provide technical strategies for robust strain construction. It is recommended that robustS. cerevisiaecan be constructed with the intervention of metabolic regulation based on the specific stress responses. Rational design with multilevel gene control and intensification of key enzymes can provide good strategies for construction of robust strains.Graphical Abstract
Functional replacement of myostatin with GDF-11 in the germline of mice
Authors: Lee Se-Jin , Lehar Adam , Rydzik Renata , Youngstrom Daniel W. , Bhasin Shalender , Liu Yewei , Germain-Lee Emily L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Myostatin (MSTN) is a transforming growth factor-ß superfamily member that acts as a major regulator of skeletal muscle mass. GDF-11, which is highly related to MSTN, plays multiple roles during embryonic development, including regulating development of the axial skeleton, kidneys, nervous system, and pancreas. As MSTN and GDF-11 share a high degree of amino acid sequence identity, behave virtually identically in cell culture assays, and utilize similar regulatory and signaling components, a critical question is whether their distinct biological functions result from inherent differences in their abilities to interact with specific regulatory and signaling components or whether their distinct biological functions mainly reflect their differing temporal and spatial patterns of expression.

Methods
We generated and characterized mice in which we precisely replaced in the germline the portion of the Mstn gene encoding the mature C-terminal peptide with the corresponding region of Gdf11.

Results
In mice homozygous for the knock-in allele, all of the circulating MSTN protein was replaced with GDF-11, resulting in ~ 30–40-fold increased levels of circulating GDF-11. Male mice homozygous for the knock-in allele had slightly decreased muscle weights, slightly increased weight gain in response to a high-fat diet, slightly increased plasma cholesterol and HDL levels, and significantly decreased bone density and bone mass, whereas female mice were mostly unaffected.

Conclusions
GDF-11 appears to be capable of nearly completely functionally replacing MSTN in the control of muscle mass. The developmental and physiological consequences of replacing MSTN with GDF-11 are strikingly limited.
MRI volumetric changes in hippocampal subfields in psychosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nasa Anurag , Mosley Olivia , Roman Elena , Kelliher Allison , Gaughan Caoimhe , Levins Kirk J. , Coppinger David , O’Hanlon Erik , Cannon Mary , Roddy Darren William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe hippocampus has for long been known for its ability to form new, declarative memory. However, emerging findings across conditions in the psychosis spectrum also implicate its role in emotional regulation. Systematic reviews have demonstrated consistent volume atrophic changes in the hippocampus. The aim of the systematic review and metanalysis which will follow from this protocol will be to investigate the volume-based neuroimaging findings across each of the subfields of the hippocampus in psychosis independent of diagnosis.MethodsVolume changes across subfields of the hippocampus in psychotic illnesses will be assessed by systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). MRI neuroimaging studies of patients with a definitive diagnosis of psychosis (including brief pre-diagnostic states) will be included. Studies lacking adequate controls, illicit drug use, medical psychosis, history of other significant psychiatric comorbidities, or emphasis on age groups above 65 or below 16 will be excluded. Subfields investigated will include the CA1, CA2/3, CA4, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, dentate gyrus, stratum, molecular layer, granular cell layer, entorhinal cortex, and fimbria. Two people will independently screen abstracts from the output of the search to select suitable studies. This will be followed by the two reviewers performing a full-text review of the studies which were selected based on suitable abstracts. One reviewer will independently perform all the data extraction, and another reviewer will then systemically check all the extracted information using the original articles to ensure accuracy. Statistical analysis will be performed using the metafor and meta-packages in R Studio with the application of the random-effects model.DiscussionThis study will provide insight into the volumetric changes in psychosis of the subfields of the hippocampus, independent of diagnosis. This may shed light on the intricate neural pathology which encompasses psychosis and will open avenues for further exploration of the structures identified as potential drivers of volume change.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42020199558
Psychosocial and financial impacts for carers of those with eating disorders in New Zealand
Authors: Surgenor Lois J. , Dhakal Shistata , Watterson Roma , Lim Brendan , Kennedy Martin , Bulik Cynthia , Wilson Nicki , Keelan Karen , Lawson Rachel , Jordan Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders (ED) can have profound effects on family members and carers. These impacts can be experienced across multiple domains and may contribute to the maintenance of ED symptoms. In the absence of any New Zealand studies quantifying this,
and given country-specific differences in access to care and treatment, this study explores the psychosocial and economic impacts on those caring for someone with an ED in New Zealand.

Methods
Carers (N = 121) of those who had, or still had, a self-reported ED (82.6% anorexia nervosa) completed an online survey open between December 2016 and October 2020, adapted to the New Zealand context. Questions addressed ED recency and recovery status of the individual cared for, treatment access, and the financial and psychosocial impact on the carer. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, with financial cost data converted to the equivalent of 2020 New Zealand dollars.

Results
Most (88.6%) recruited carers reported still caring for someone with ED symptoms of varying severity. A majority reported difficulty accessing treatment for the person they cared for, with a sizable minority (45%) paying for private treatment, despite few having private insurance. Carer losses typically included reduced income and productivity, travel costs, and other miscellaneous costs. Carers reported significant psychosocial impacts across a range of dimensions including family life, interpersonal relationships, and their own personal well-being.

Conclusions
Carers in New Zealand report impacts which are far reaching and longstanding, covering their own personal and interpersonal well-being and that of those around them. While most of those they care for get access to public (free) treatment at some time or another, the wider financial and economic impacts on carers are significant, and likely to take years to recoup. Though not unique to EDs, interventions and supports for carers are much needed in New Zealand, alongside more comprehensive research methodology to further determine positive and other impacts of EDs over the long course of the caregiving role.

Highlights

A majority reported difficulty accessing treatment for the person they cared for

45% paid for private treatment, despite few having private insurance

Carers reported reduced income and productivity, travel costs, and other costs.

Carers reported significant psychosocial impacts on family life, interpersonal relationships, and their own personal well-being.

Carers provide a pivotal role in supporting treatment and recovery in their family member with the

These findings will be relevant for funders and service providers in developing further approaches to address barriers and gaps in service provision to reduce impacts on carers, and as a result, those with eating disorders.