bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous fixation for the treatment of metastatic spinal disease provides effective symptom palliation with low rates of hardware failure
Authors: Jaman Emade , Zhang Xiaoran , Allen Jordan , Saraiya Raj G. , Tollefson Savannah , Hamilton D. Kojo , Amankulor Nduka M. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The incidence of survival from metastatic spinal disease (MSD) continues to rise. However, open surgery for MSD is associated with significant perioperative morbidity, while minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (MIPPSF) offers reduced tissue trauma, less blood loss, and a reduction in complications. Lytic bone disease plus perioperative radiation further increase risk for instrument failure, especially in long construct MIPPSF. Here, we compared 6 short construct and 14 long construct outcomes for MIPPSF performed in MSD patients, including multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods:
For 20 patients undergoing MIPPSF for MSD, we evaluated disease type, location, the extent of surgery, outcomes, and survival rates. Statistical comparisons were performed between long-segment construct and short-segment construct patients utilizing Kaplan–Meier survival curves, Mann–Whitney U, and Chi-squared tests.

Results:
No instrument failure and comparable symptomatic relief were observed for both short and long MIPPSF constructs. However, long construct patients experienced; a higher incidence of postoperative complications, including screw loosening, but exhibited longer overall survivals (likely related to underlying type of MSD, with MM patients making up the largest portion of long construct patients).

Conclusion:
Long construct MIPPSF in MSD did not have increased risk of construct failure and offered effective symptomatic relief, including for MM patients, without introducing a greater risk construct instability.
Analisis Hubungan antara Tipologi Pengusaha Kecil dengan Pola Penggunaan Bantuan Keuangan yang Diterimanya
Authors: Nurhadi  
Published: February 2022

Kemajuan usaha kecil menengah sangat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku dan sikap mental dari para pelaku usaha itu sendiri, diantaranya sikap/perilaku dalam menggunakan dana yang mereka terima. Melalui penelitian ini terungkap, karakteristik pengusaha kecil dapat diklasifikasi menjadi 3 tipologi, yaitu: Pengusaha yang 'sekedar mencari nafkah untuk hidup', Pengusaha yang 'sekedar ingin hidup lebih baik", serta Pengusaha yang 'termotivasi untuk maju/sukses dalam hidup'. Sementara itu, perilaku mereka dalam menggunakan dana bantuan yang diterimanya dapat diklasifikasi menjadi 3 (tiga) pola, yang dinamakan sebagai : Pola Pasif, Pola Aktif, serta Pola Ekspansif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan, terdapat hubungan yang siginifikan antara karakteristik pengusaha, pola penggunaan dana bantuan yang diterimanya, serta kinerja (kemampuan untuk berkembang) dari sistem usaha yang bersangkutan.
Dissipative Approach in Analysis and Synthesis of Control System via Linear Matrix Inequalities
Authors: Asep Najmurrokhman  
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses about application of dissipative concept in dynamical systems for analysis and synthesis of control systems via linear matrix inegualities (LMIs). Motivated by dissipativity concept in mechanical and electrical circuit system, one could employ this concept to check stability and to design a controller of the underlying system. We derive the solvability condition of dissipativity for an output feedback LTI continuous system via LMIs. An algorithm to design such controller that satisfy the dissipativity of the system is also considered.
Evaluasi Perbandingan Kinerja Bangunan Momen Frame dengan Eccentrycally Brace Frame
Authors: Sumargo  , Rheza Andhy K  , Hermansa  
Published: February 2022

Generally, earthquake resistant design is based on elastic structural analysis with load factor to simulate ultimate condition. Actually, behavior of collapse structures during earthquake is in-elastic. Evaluation to predict in-elastic condition of structures during earthquake is needed in order to guarantee that it can perform well during earthquake. Analysis and performance evaluation can be done with pushover analysis given in SAP2000, while evaluation of performance point must be determined manually with various methods (except for capacity spectrum method). Pushover analysis is a non linear static analysis as a behavior of structural failure due to earthquake, while performance point is structural maximum displacement during design earthquake.
Study on steel frame 3D concludes that performance evaluation for pushover in longitudinal direction according to ATC-40 gives displacement target for moment frame building of 0.054 m, building with eccentrically braced frame (EBF): 0.022 m. Pushover in transverse direction according to ATC-40 gives displacement target for moment frame building of 0.022 m, building with EBF: 0.015 m. According to FEMA 356, displacement target in longitudinal direction for moment frame building: 0.0803 m, building with (EBF): 0.0728 m. For building with moment frame in transverse direction: 0.1183 m, building with (EBF): 0.0614 m.
Transfiguracje labiryntu. Absurd w poetyce Franza Kafki i Nikołaja Gogola
Authors: Świerczyński Filip 
Published: February 2022

Artykuł stanowi rozwinięcie i dopełnienie badań zaprezentowanych w pracy Ściany labiryntu. Systemy narracyjne Franza Kafki i Nikołaja Gogola (Świerczyński 2020: 132– 145). Jego głównym celem jest zarówno przedstawienie i analiza gogolowskich inspiracji Franza Kafki (1883–1924), przede wszystkim na płaszczyźnie poetyki, jak i ugruntowanie świadomości owych wpływów, w granicach polskiego literaturoznawstwa, dotychczas raczej w nim niedostrzeganych. Punkt wyjścia stanowi analiza pojęcia absurdu w recepcji współczesnych badaczy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego rozumienia przedłożonego przez Alberta Camusa (1913–1960). Autor prezentuje poszczególne filary konstrukcyjne stanowiące o absurdzie obecnym w diegezie utworów Kafki i Gogola (1809–1852), ogniskując swoją uwagę na jej dialektyczności, wszechobecności przemiany czy inherentnej niepewności stanowiącej rdzeń „metafizycznego horroru”, w jakim zmuszeni są funkcjonować Kafkowscy i Gogolowscy bohaterowie.
Nationwide study on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households from lockdown to reopening, Denmark, 27 February 2020 to 1 August 2020
Authors: Lyngse Frederik Plesner , Kirkeby Carsten , Halasa Tariq , Andreasen Viggo , Skov Robert Leo , Møller Frederik Trier , Krause Tyra Grove , Mølbak Kåre 
Published: February 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global public health threats of recent times. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission is key for outbreak response and to take action against the spread of disease. Transmission within the household is a concern, especially because infection control is difficult to apply within this setting.

Aim
The objective of this observational study was to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Danish households during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We used comprehensive administrative register data from Denmark, comprising the full population and all COVID-19 tests from 27 February 2020 to 1 August 2020, to estimate household transmission risk and attack rate.

Results
We found that the day after receiving a positive test result within the household, 35% (788/2,226) of potential secondary cases were tested and 13% (98/779) of these were positive. In 6,782 households, we found that 82% (1,827/2,226) of potential secondary cases were tested within 14 days and 17% (371/2,226) tested positive as secondary cases, implying an attack rate of 17%. We found an approximate linear increasing relationship between age and attack rate. We investigated the transmission risk from primary cases by age, and found an increasing risk with age of primary cases for adults (aged ≥ 15 years), while the risk seems to decrease with age for children (aged < 15 years).

Conclusions
Although there is an increasing attack rate and transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with age, children are also able to transmit SARS-CoV-2 within the household.
Epidemiological and clinical insights from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR crossing threshold values, France, January to November 2020
Authors: Alizon Samuel , Selinger Christian , Sofonea Mircea T , Haim-Boukobza Stéphanie , Giannoli Jean-Marc , Ninove Laetitia , Pillet Sylvie , Thibault Vincent , de Rougemont Alexis , Tumiotto Camille , Solis Morgane , Stephan Robin , Bressollette-Bodin Céline , Salmona Maud , L’Honneur Anne-Sophie , Behillil Sylvie , Lefeuvre Caroline , Dina Julia , Hantz Sébastien , Hartard Cédric , Veyer David , Delagrèverie Héloïse M , Fourati Slim , Visseaux Benoît , Henquell Cécile , Lina Bruno , Foulongne Vincent , Burrel Sonia ,   on behalf of the SFM COVID-19 study group
Published: February 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented daily use of RT-PCR tests. These tests are interpreted qualitatively for diagnosis, and the relevance of the test result intensity, i.e. the number of quantification cycles (Cq), is debated because of strong potential biases.

Aim
We explored the possibility to use Cq values from SARS-CoV-2 screening tests to better understand the spread of an epidemic and to better understand the biology of the infection.

Methods
We used linear regression models to analyse a large database of 793,479 Cq values from tests performed on more than 2 million samples between 21 January and 30 November 2020, i.e. the first two pandemic waves. We performed time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to estimate whether Cq data information improves short-term predictions of epidemiological dynamics.

Results
Although we found that the Cq values varied depending on the testing laboratory or the assay used, we detected strong significant trends associated with patient age, number of days after symptoms onset or the state of the epidemic (the temporal reproduction number) at the time of the test. Furthermore, knowing the quartiles of the Cq distribution greatly reduced the error in predicting the temporal reproduction number of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that Cq values of screening tests performed in the general population generate testable hypotheses and help improve short-term predictions for epidemic surveillance.
Physicochemical, Fatty Acid and Sensory Profile of Cocoa Butter Produced from Fermented and Non-Fermented Cocoa Butter
Authors: Andriani Novia , Yenrina Rina , Nazir Novizar 
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to explore the influence of fermentation and non-fermentation on cocoa processing (Theobroma cacao L.) on physical properties, chemical properties, fatty acid profiles and sensory properties of cococa butter. The study was conducted using an experimental method with two treatments and three replications. Analysis of cocoa butter consisted of yield, color, moisture content, free fatty acids, iod numbers, peroxide numbers, determination of fatty acid profile using GC-MS, and analysis of sensory properties. The results showed that the yield was between 20.82-21.00%. The color of fermented cocoa butter has a value of L* 17.88, a*8.70, and b*7.99 while for nonfermented cocoa butter has a value of L* 14.88, a* 8.96, and b* 6.78, water content between 0.10-0.12%, free fatty acids 0.51-0.56%, iod numbers 26.40-26.50 g I2/100g, peroxide numbers between 0.40-0.70 meq peroxide/kg fat, 190.23-191.40 mg KOH/g fat. The fatty acid profile using GC-MS showed that the dominant fatty acid constituents contained in fermented and nonfermented cocoa fats are oleic acid (29.39-29.57%), heptadecanoic acid (25.85-26.77%), and palmitic acid (21.49-21.83%). Based on sensory analysis of cocoa butter with fermented treatment is preferred because it has a more attractive color, taste, and aroma compared to nonfermented cocoa butter.
Growth of Pepper Plant (Piper nigrum Linn.) After Application of Organic Fertilizer Leaves of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Kunth.)
Authors: Purwanto Iir , Zakiah Zulfa , Linda Riza 
Published: February 2022

Pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) is the most traded spice commodity among other spices.ÃÂ The problem with pepper farming in West Kalimantan is the lack of nutrient availability because plantation land is dominated by ultisol soils. Gamal leaf liquid organic diapers application is expected to increase the availability of nutrients in the growing media.ÃÂ The aim of the study was to determine the nutrient content of the liquid organic diapers of gamal leaves, to see the effect, as well as the best concentration and time of application on the vegetative growth of pepper plants. The study was carried out for four months, namely from January to April 2020 at the Pepper Plantation of Tengon Village, using a factorial compeletely randomized design pattern consisting of 2 factors, the concentration such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% control and liquid organic fertilizer application time (every time week and every two weeks).ÃÂ The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer of gamal leaves contained 12.7% C-organic., 0.27% N-Total., 47.03 C/N ratio., 0,25% P., and 0,29 K. The results of the research that giving Gamal leaf liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on shoot length, number of shoots and number of leaves of pepper plants, however, it did not significantly affect the time of emergence of pepper shoots. Liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 40% and time of application every week gave the best effect on shoot length (25.33 cm), number of shoots (4.33 shoots), and number of leaves (14.33 strands). ÃÂ It was concluded that the ÃÂ liquid organic diapers concentration treatment of gamal leaves had a significant effect on shoot length, number of shoots, and number of leaves of pepper plants but did not significantly affect the time of shoots emerging for pepper plants. ÃÂ The best poc concentration that increases pepper plant growth is 40% with every week application. ÃÂ It is recommended that further research can be carried out on the manufacture of ÃÂ liquid organic diapers of gamal leaves combined with animal waste on the growth of pepper plants, with application time of 2-3 times in one week.
Diversity of Reef Fish in Pancuran Beach and The Harbor Area of Karimunjawa National Park
Authors: Nuranggitasari Dhanis , Kurniawan Ardyan Pramudya 
Published: February 2022

Research on the biodiversity of Ikhthiofauna in coral reef ecosystems in Karimunjawa National Park was carried out in March 2021. This study aimed to study the species of reef fish found in the National Park Karimunjawan, to study the dominant reef fish species, the level of diversity, and the factors that influence reef fish biodiversity in Karimunjawa National Park. Data collection was carried out at two research locations, namely Pancuran Beach and Harbor Pier. This research was conducted using the visual census method at each station made transects with a distance of 5 m per transect. Each transect is 50 m long parallel to the shoreline. Observations were made by snorkeling along the 2.5 m transect line to the right and the left, then the fish obtained were drawn using waterproof paper, numbered per species, and photographed using an underwater camera for identification. Data analysis was carried out, including descriptive analysis to analyze fish characteristics and quantitative analysis to calculate data, including the Shannon Diversity Index (H'), Simpson's Dominance Index (C), and Evenness Index (E). The environmental parameters taken include water temperature, salinity, pH, and DO. This study identified a total of 59 species of reef fish from 17 families, with the dominant family was Pomacentridae. The level of diversity (H') at the research location at Pancuran Beach reachedÃÂ 3.392, while at the Harbor Pier, it reached 3.428. The Simpson Dominance Index (C) value at the Pancuran Beach location is 0.044, and the Harbor Pier is 0.047. The Evenness Index (E) value at the Pancuran Beach location is 0.88, and the Harbor Pier is 0.85. The difference in the index value is influenced by various environmental factors, both physically, chemically, and biologically.ÃÂ
Isolation, Purification, and Toxicity Test of Bacillus thuringiensis from Cows Cage Soil Againts Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bahri Syamsul , Zulkifli Lalu , Citra Rasmi Dewa Ayu , Sedijani Prapti 
Published: February 2022

Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the bacteriae species that be able to kill insects. The latest research showed that the cell plasm of this bacteria contains crystalline protein with natural insectisides properties. Therefore the insecticidal effect of this species on insects which is decreasing cultivation plant production is interest to be examined. One of the insect species that are well-known causes of loss of farm production in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Therefore this research is designed to isolate, purify, and thenassess Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity against Drosophila melanogaster as animal treatment. Bacillus thuringiensis was successfully isolated from soil ofÃÂ cows cage by using Lauria Bertani medium contain 0,25 M buffer solution Acetic, pH 6.8. The result shows that Bacillus thuringiensis isolate is a gram-positive bacteria. Position of endospore is located between the middle and the end of the cell (subterminal spore). Toxicity test was conducted by mixing 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L of pure Bacillus thuringiensis isolate intoÃÂ Drosophila melanogaster medium. The treatments effect were monitored for 15 consecutive days. Toxicity test shows that the treatment has no significant effect on the treated animal mortality. This result shows that crystal-producing Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from cows cage soil do not have insecticidal properties for Drosophila melanogaster. It is concluded that Drosophila melanogaster is a non-target species of Bacillus thuringiensis.
The Potency of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) and Kemangi leaf (Ocimum basilicum) as Biopesticide against Schizophyllum commune Fries
Authors: Diba Farah , Nauli Ulvatur Rochmawati , Winarsih Wiwik , Oramahi H A 
Published: February 2022

Schizophyllum communeÃÂ Fries is a wood rot fungus that attacks living trees and wood products which causes high economic losses. The research objective was to evaluate the extracts of kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorataÃÂ L) and kemangi (Ocimum basilicumÃÂ L) as a biopesticide to controlÃÂ Schizophyllum communeÃÂ Fries. The solvents used for extracting the leaves of Kirinyuh and kemangi were 96% ethanol solvent in a ratio of 1: 3 (w/v). The extracts then formed into 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% concentration and mixed into PDA medium. The media was poured into a petri dish and then kept in incubator room. Then the isolates ofÃÂ Schizophyllum communeÃÂ Fries fungus, seven days old with a five mm diameter, were put in the medium center. The parameter test was the value inhibition the fungal growth, comparing control treatment and the given concentration treatment. The results of research showed that kirinyuh leaf extract at a concentration of 2% has strong antifungal values with growth inhibition of 74.25%, at concentration 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% had a strong antifungal value with growth inhibition of 82.97%; 88.90%; 89.49% and 91.67%. Extracts of kemangi leaf had strong antifungal values (at concentration 2% and 4%) with growth inhibition of 66.63% and 71.72%, while at concentration 6%, 8%, and 10% had a strong antifungal value with inhibition of fungal growth by 81.05%; 83.02%; and 100%. The bioactive compounds found in kemangi leaf extracts were saponins, flavonoids, and linalool which are toxic and kill fungi. Kirinyuh leaf extract has an active alkaloid compound that is toxic and inhibits the formation of fungal cell walls. The optimal concentration of kemangi extract to inhibit the growth of Schizophyllum communeÃÂ was 6% and from kirinyuh extract was 4%.ÃÂ
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DAUN KETAPANG Terminalia catappa TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LARVA UDANG VANAME Litopenaeus vannamei PADA SALINITAS 0 PPT
Authors: Scabra Andre Rachmat , Junaidi Muhammad , Rinaldi Lalu Aan Okta 
Published: February 2022

Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi saat ini adalah masih rendahnya tingkat sintasan postlarva vannamei walaupun telah berkembang berbagai metode aklimatisasi ke salinitas rendah. diperlukannya upaya untuk dapat menangani masalah keterlambatan pertumbuhan udang yang di pelihara pada salinitas rendah. Salah satunya yakni dengan penambahan kalsium pada media budidaya. Kelarutan kalsium sangat dibutuhkan dalam rangka membantu proses penyerapan kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan kalsium dengan penambahan daun ketapang untuk menambah performa produksi dan pertumbuhan larva udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan RAL, dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Dosis yang digunakan adalah 50 ppm kapur (CaCO3) dengan dosis kepatang 0, 0,12, 0,24, 0,36, dan 0,48 ppt. Parameter yang di uji antara lain pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, rasio konversi pakan, tingkat konsumsi oksigen, kadar kalsium dalam air dan kualitas air meliputi suhu, pH, DO, salinitas dan amonia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daun ketapang dengan dosis 0,48 memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, rasio konversi pakan, tingkat konsumsi dan oksigen, kadar kalsium. Sedangkan penambahan daun ketapang dengan dosis 0,36 ppt memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Dengan demikian, penambahan daun kepatang mampu menambah performa dan pertumbuhan pada larva udang vaname.
Comparison of the effectiveness of the use of graded inquiries in biochemistry learning
Authors: Anwar Yunita Arian Sani , Junaidi Eka 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of guided inquiry, open inquiry, and tiered inquiry in biochemistry learning. The effectiveness is seen from the product-process perspective, i.e., by looking at critical thinking scores and responses ofÃÂ lecturers' teaching activities. This study involved three groups treated with guided inquiry (level 1), open inquiry (level 2), and tiered inquiry (level 1 to level 2). The number of respondents was 72 students spread over the three groups. Before being given treatment, the three groups were tested for prior knowledge, and it was obtained that the three groups had the same initial ability. The research instrument used was critical thinking questions and a questionnaire of responses to the learning process. The results showed that the group with tiered inquiry treatment had the highest critical thinking score, while open inquiry had the lowest score. It is in line with the respondents' responses related to the learning process. Students feel easier and more comfortable in the tiered inquiry process than the guided and openÃÂ inquiries. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test analysis on the three treatments showed that the three groups had significantly different critical thinking scores. It can be concluded that tiered inquiry is more effective in Biochemistry learning than guided and open inquiries.