bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature patterns on iron nugget formation in fluxless processing of titanomagnetite
Authors: Zulhan Zulfiadi , Sutandar Cheryl Livia , Suryani Indah , Basuki Eddy Agus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe technology used to process titanomagnetite is currently limited to the rotary kiln-electric furnace. Other techniques are being developed, including the separation of iron in the form of iron nugget from the reduction of titanomagnetite with coal without any flux addition. The effect of different temperature patterns on the formation of iron nuggets from titanomagnetite was studied. The initial temperature was varied from 700 to 1380 °C, while the final temperature was kept constant at 1380 °C. The experiment results showed that the initial temperature affected the formation of iron nuggets. Initial temperatures of 700–1100 °C produced many iron nuggets up to 3 mm in size and an initial temperature of 1200 °C produced one nugget with a size of about 4 mm. Initial temperatures of 1300 and 1380 °C did not produce any iron nuggets due to the formation of metallic iron crust on the surface of the reduced briquettes. The optimum initial temperature was 1000 °C to achieve high iron recovery in the nuggets.
Prenatal exposure to phthalate and decreased body mass index of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Dong-Wook , Lim Hyun-Mook , Lee Joong-Yub , Min Kyung-Bok , Shin Choong-Ho , Lee Young-Ah , Hong Yun-Chul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhthalates are well-known endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Many detrimental health effects of phthalates were investigated, but studies on the association of phthalates with obesity in children showed inconsistent results. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to clarify whether prenatal and postnatal exposures to phthalates are associated with physical growth disturbances in children. We performed the systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines, and found 39 studies that met our inclusion criteria, including 22 longitudinal and 17 cross-sectional studies. We observed a significant negative association between the prenatal exposure to DEHP and the body mass index (BMI) z-score of the offspring (β = − 0.05; 95% CI: − 0.10, − 0.001) in the meta-analysis, while no significant association between the prenatal exposure to DEHP and the body fat percentage of the offspring was observed (β = 0.01; 95% CI: − 0.41, 0.44). In the systematic review, studies on the association between phthalates exposure in childhood and obesity were inconsistent. Prenatal exposure to phthalates was found to be associated with decreased BMI z-score in children, but not associated with body fat percentage. Our findings suggest that phthalates disturb the normal muscle growth of children, rather than induce obesity, as previous studies have hypothesized.
Validity of Off-the-Shelf Automatic Speech Recognition for Assessing Speech Intelligibility and Speech Severity in Speakers With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Gutz Sarah E. , Stipancic Kaila L. , Yunusova Yana , Berry James D. , Green Jordan R. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
There is increasing interest in using automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems to evaluate impairment severity or speech intelligibility in speakers with dysarthria. We assessed the clinical validity of one currently available off-the-shelf (OTS) ASR system (i.e., a Google Cloud ASR API) for indexing sentence-level speech intelligibility and impairment severity in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and we provided guidance for potential users of such systems in research and clinic.

Method:
Using speech samples collected from 52 individuals with ALS and 20 healthy control speakers, we compared word recognition rate (WRR) from the commercially available Google Cloud ASR API (Machine WRR) to clinician-provided judgments of impairment severity, as well as sentence intelligibility (Human WRR). We assessed the internal reliability of Machine and Human WRR by comparing the standard deviation of WRR across sentences to the minimally detectable change (MDC), a clinical benchmark that indicates whether results are within measurement error. We also evaluated Machine and Human WRR diagnostic accuracy for classifying speakers into clinically established categories.

Results:
Human WRR achieved better accuracy than Machine WRR when indexing speech severity, and, although related, Human and Machine WRR were not strongly correlated. When the speech signal was mixed with noise (noise-augmented ASR) to reduce a ceiling effect, Machine WRR performance improved. Internal reliability metrics were worse for Machine than Human WRR, particularly for typical and mildly impaired severity groups, although sentence length significantly impacted both Machine and Human WRRs.

Conclusions:
Results indicated that the OTS ASR system was inadequate for early detection of speech impairment and grading overall speech severity. While Machine and Human WRR were correlated, ASR should not be used as a one-to-one proxy for transcription speech intelligibility or clinician severity ratings. Overall, findings suggested that the tested OTS ASR system, Google Cloud ASR, has limited utility for grading clinical speech impairment in speakers with ALS.
Robust iterative learning model predictive control for repetitive motion of maglev planar motor
Authors: Zhang Kaiyang , Xu Fengqiu , Xu Xianze 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a robust iterative learning model predictive control (RILMPC) scheme for repetitive trajectory tracking of a magnetically levitated (maglev) planar motor. The motivation lies in the improvement of tracking performance and disturbance rejection ability for the maglev system. Relying on the past error in the repetitive motion, the model discrepancy is persistently compensated with iterations to improve the prediction accuracy. The cost function that serves as the upper bound of the tracking error is then derived from the past control trajectory based on the Lipschitz property of disturbances. In the proposed RILMPC scheme, a minimal robust positive invariant set is introduced into the MPC optimisation to cope with unmodeled dynamics and disturbances. Furthermore, it is theoretically shown that the perturbed closed‐loop system is stable, and the proposed RILMPC scheme is recursively feasible with perfect tracking performance under some conditions. Finally, comparative experiments carried out on a maglev planar motor demonstrate that the proposed control strategy possesses satisfactory transient/steady‐state tracking performance and robustness against disturbances.
Cross‐layered distributed data‐driven framework for enhanced smart grid cyber‐physical security
Authors: Starke Allen , Nagaraj Keerthiraj , Ruben Cody , Aljohani Nader , Zou Sheng , Bretas Arturo , McNair Janise , Zare Alina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmart Grid (SG) research and development has drawn much attention from academia, industry and government due to the great impact it will have on society, economics and the environment. Securing the SG is a considerably significant challenge due the increased dependency on communication networks to assist in physical process control, exposing them to various cyber‐threats. In addition to attacks that change measurement values using False Data Injection (FDI) techniques, attacks on the communication network may disrupt the power system's real‐time operation by intercepting messages, or by flooding the communication channels with unnecessary data. Addressing these attacks requires a cross‐layer approach. In this paper a cross‐layered strategy is presented, called Cross‐Layer Ensemble CorrDet with Adaptive Statistics(CECD‐AS), which integrates the detection of faulty SG measurement data as well as inconsistent network inter‐arrival times and transmission delays for more reliable and accurate anomaly detection and attack interpretation. Numerical results show that CECD‐AS can detect multiple False Data Injections, Denial of Service (DoS) and Man In The Middle (MITM) attacks with a high F1‐score compared to current approaches that only use SG measurement data for detection such as the traditional physics‐based State Estimation, ECD‐AS strategy and other machine learning classification‐based detection schemes.
Infecção periprotética do joelho – Parte 2: Tratamento
Authors: Barretto João Maurício , Campos André Luiz Siqueira , Ooka Nelson Hiroyuki Miyabe 
Published: May 2022

ResumoDiversas modalidades de tratamento são propostas para as infecções periprotéticas, com índices de sucesso variáveis. No entanto, a eficácia está relacionada à seleção adequada dos casos para cada tipo de tratamento.O desbridamento com retenção do implante é indicado em infecções agudas com implante fixo, e seu sucesso depende do tipo de infecção, das comorbidades do hospedeiro e da virulência do agente etiológico.A revisão em um ou dois estágios se impõem nos casos em que haja formação de biofilme, ou nos quais se tenha afrouxamento do implante. A escolha entre realizar a revisão em um ou dois estágios depende de fatores como identificação do agente etiológico, virulência do patógeno, fatores locais e sistêmicos do hospedeiro.Os procedimentos de salvamento como artrodese, amputação, artroplastia de ressecção ou, ainda, supressão antibiótica são reservados para os casos em que não se conseguiu erradicação da infecção.
Efeito dos imunossupressores tacrolimus e ciclosporina na regeneração de nervos periféricos: Revisão sistemática e metanálises
Authors: Seixas Stéphanie Farias , Forte Gabriele Carra , Magnus Gabriela Agne , Stanham Valentina , Mattiello Rita , Silva Jefferson Braga 
Published: May 2022

ResumoAs lesões nervosas periféricas são uma causa importante de busca por atendimento médico. Elas ocorrem quando há a interrupção da continuidade das estruturas e do bloqueio da propagação dos impulsos nervosos, afetando a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos. Para avaliar os efeitos dos imunossupressores tacrolimus e ciclosporina na regeneração de nervos periféricos, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram incluídos artigos publicados até setembro de 2018, que se propunham avaliar os efeitos dos imunossupressores tacrolimus e ciclosporina na regeneração nervosa e neuroproteção, disponíveis nas bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Oxford Pain Relief Database e LILACS. A pesquisa analisou um total de 56 artigos, dos quais 22 foram para metanálise. A análise estatística sugere o efeito protetor do tacrolimus na regeneração do número de axônios mielinizados (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 0,93–2,39; p < 0,01); todavia tal efeito não foi observado em relação à ciclosporina (IC95%: - 0,38–1,18; p = 0,08). Ela também sugere haver uma relação significativa entre o uso do tacrolimus e a espessura da mielina (IC95%: 2,00–5,71; p < 0,01). O uso de imunossupressores na regeneração de lesão nervosa periférica promove um aumento no número de axônios mielinizados de forma geral, independentemente da dose administrada. Além disso, garante uma maior espessura da mielina, um maior peso muscular e restabelecimento do índice da função do nervo ciático. Todavia, a heterogeneidade foi alta na maioria das análises realizadas.
Vitals are Vital: Simpler Clinical Data Model Predicts Decompensation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Cavalier Joanna Schneider , O'Brien Cara L. , Goldstein Benjamin A. , Zhao Congwen , Bedoya Armando 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective Several risk scores have been developed and tested on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to predict clinical decompensation. We aimed to compare an institutional, automated, custom-built early warning score (EWS) to the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in COVID-19 patients.
Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to an intermediate ward from March to December 2020. A machine learning–based customized EWS algorithm, which incorporates demographics, laboratory values, vital signs, and comorbidities, and the NEWS, which uses vital signs only, were calculated at 12-hour intervals. These patients were retrospectively assessed for decompensation in the subsequent 12 or 24 hours, defined as death or transfer to an intensive care unit.
Results Of 709 patients, 112 (15.8%) had a decompensation event. Using the custom EWS, decompensation within 12 and 24 hours was predicted with areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. The NEWS score applied to the same population yielded AUCs of 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. The 24-hour negative predictive values (NPV) of the NEWS and EWS in patients identified as low risk were 99.6 and 99.2%, respectively.
Conclusion The NEWS score performs as well as a customized EWS in COVID-19 patients, demonstrating the significance of vital signs in predicting outcomes. The relatively high positive predictive value and NPV of both scores are indispensable for optimally allocating clinical resources. In this relatively young, healthy population, a more complex score incorporating electronic health record data beyond vital signs does not add clinical benefit.
Global environmental changes more frequently offset than intensify detrimental effects of biological invasions
Authors: Lopez Bianca E. , Allen Jenica M. , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Lenoir Jonathan , Vilà Montserrat , Blumenthal Dana M. , Beaury Evelyn M. , Fusco Emily J. , Laginhas Brittany B. , Morelli Toni Lyn , O’Neill Mitchell W. , Sorte Cascade J. B. , Maceda-Veiga Alberto , Whitlock Raj , Bradley Bethany A. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
International concern about the consequences of human-induced global environmental changes has prompted a renewed focus on reducing ecological effects of biological invasions, climate change, and nutrient pollution. Our results show that the combined effects of nonnative species invasions and abiotic global environmental changes are often negative but no worse than invasion impacts alone. Invasion impacts are also more strongly detrimental than warming temperatures or nitrogen deposition, two common stressors. Thus, reducing the spread of invasive species is critical for mitigating harms from anthropogenic changes to global ecosystems.
Thermal Synthesis of Au-ZnO Nanoparticles for Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive blue 4 Dye in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Alshamsi Hassan A. , Nema Qusay A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present study, zinc oxide (ZnO), gold (Au) and gold doped zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized through thermal decomposition of [Au(L)Cl]Cl.H2O and [Zn(L)2].H2O complexes, where L is 7-[2-(BenzImidazolyl) Azo]-8-Hydroxy Quinoline (BIAHQ). Several characterization techniques such as XRD, FT-IR), UV–Vis DRS, SEM, TEM, AFM) were employed to investigate the phase structure, crystallite size, chemical structure, optical features, particles morphology and surface topography of as synthesized nanomaterials. The visible light photocatalytic activities of undoped ZnO and Au-ZnO NPs were compared for the decolorization of reactive blue 4 dye (RB4) aqueous solution. Factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation process including irradiation time, catalyst dosage, initial RB4 concentration and initial pH have been evaluated. The photocatalytic degradation results showed that the Au-ZnO NPs exhibited excellent photodecolorization efficiency towards cationic RB4 dye decolorization with 97.36 removal efficiency under visible light illumination for 160 min
Environmental Removal of Reactive Blue 49 Dye From Aqueous Solution by (Lemon peels as activated carbon): a Model of Low Cost agricultural waste
Authors: Taifi Ahmed , Alkadir Ola Kamal A. , Aljeboree Aseel M. , Al Bayaa Abdul Latif , Alkaim Ayad F. , Abed Salwan Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The removal of reactive blue 49 dye on a bio-sorbent material for Natural lemon peels(NLP) and Acid-activated carbon for lemon peels(AACLP) from aqueous solutions was studied. Preparation of activated carbon for lemon peels(AACLP) by Calcinations at temperature (300°C) for one hour and chemical activation by phosphoric acid. Study different parameter such as effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH solution, solution of temperature and Adsorption comparison (agricultural waste). The prepared AACLP was characterized utilizing FT-IR, FESEM technique. Equilibrium result were Isotherm utilizing Isotherm Langmuir and isotherm Freundlich. The result obey Isotherm Langmuir good correlations (R2=0.854). Thermodynamic parameter studies have shown that the reaction is spontaneous, endothermic and convenient in nature.
The inhibitory effect of ginger and lemongrass plants extracts on the growth of some fungi associated with stored yellow corn grains
Authors: Alsudani Ali A , Al-Awsi Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current study included testing the effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the rhizomes of the ginger plant (Zengiber officinal) and the leaves of the lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) on the germination of local yellow corn grains stored in some local markets in the city of Al-Diwaniyah and studying the effect of four different concentrations of these extracts (10, 20, 30, and 40) mg/ml in the radial growth of some fungi isolated from yellow corn grains. The results showed that there were significant differences in the germination ratios of yellow corn grains for the different concentrations of the extracts in comparison with the control treatment, and there were no significant differences in the germination rates of yellow corn grains at a concentration of 40 mg/ml for the different treatments with the treatment of the fungicide Raxil at a probability level of 5 %. It was found that all the extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the fungi tested on Potato Dextrose Agar medium by comparison with the control treatment, and these fungi are: Aspergillus niger, Ulocladium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium graminearum, and the alcoholic extracts of ginger and lemongrass extracts were higher to inhibition of the radial growth of fungi tested in the different treatments, the inhibition ratios were between 73.33-87.12 % in the alcoholic extract treatments for ginger and between 75.15-86.98 % in the alcoholic extract treatments for the lemongrass plant, and the two concentrations were 30 and 40 mg/ml for the alcoholic extracts of the ginger plant and lemongrass has a significant effect similar to that of the fungicide Raxil for all the tested fungi, while it was found that the concentration of 40 mg/ml of the aqueous extracts of ginger and lemongrass was the only concentration that produced a significant effect similar to that of the fungicide Raxil for all tested fungi.
Role of Pomegranate peels as a activated carbon for removal of pollutants
Authors: Hussain Namer A. , Taifi Ahmed , Alkadir Ola Kamal A. , Obaid Nour H. , Abboud Zahraa M. , Aljeboree Aseel M. , Bayaa Abdul Latif Al , Abed Salwan Ali , Alkaim Ayad F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pomegranate peels are considered as solid agricultural residues that were used as adsorbent materials, very effective in get rid of brilliant yellow Dye from aqueous solution after converting it to Acid-Activated Carbon by phosphoric acid. The surface properties were studied through the use of (FTIR ) and (FESEM) techniques. Several factors affect the adsorption process have been studied like, effect of dye concentration (10-100 mg/L ), where the adsorption efficiency (Qe mg/g) increases with increasing dye concentration ( mg/g ) and weight effect (0.01-0.1 ), the adsorption efficiency(Qe mg/g) decreases with increasing surface weight. Desorption of the Brilliant yellow from the ACPP was studied utilizing several type of solvents (acetone 10% (v/v), methanol 10% (v/v), 0.1N HCl, 0.1 N NaOH,). The adsorption is found through the results that obeys the Friendlich isotherm because it depends on the value of (R2 ) and also the heterogeneous surfaces.
Environmental ID and Phylogenetic Studies of Lactobacillus spp. Najaf Insulates By means of the 16s rRNA Gene
Authors: Azzawi Huda Saad , Hussein Jenan Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lactobacillus is one of the most important genera in the human and animal digestive tract. They can be found in dairy and non-dairy probiotic foods, and they aid in the restoration of intestinal microflora, which is good for one’s health. Lactobacillus strains were phenotypically identified and defined using biochemical characteristics. For the current study, 120 fecal samples were collected from healthy breast-feeding infants aged two years and under. We looked at a couple of primers on complex communities to see if they could service our investigation of complicated micro-ecosystems. The two primers provided positive results with L.acidophilus and L. helveticus. Their strains came from the feces of breast-fed litters. The remains obtained from DNA samples were sequenced and uploaded to the GenBank “NCBI” database after PCR augmentation.
An improved FFT method for shot peening surface reconstruction
Authors: Xia Fujia , Tang Jinyuan , Li Lin , Yang Duo , Zhao Jiuyue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Shot peening is the efficient method for metal surface modification and performance improvement. However, there is still no effective way to establishing the mathematical model for shot peening surface reconstruction, resulting in restricting the correlation study between shot peening surface properties and morphology. The difficulty of shot peening surface reconstruction lies in how to accurately characterize the roughness surface height and texture features. Therefore, a novel method of generating non-Gaussian sequences with specified height roughness parameters is proposed in this paper. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) method gets improved combined with the new method, which overcome the predicament that the unimproved FFT cannot ensure the height features in the reconstructed shot peening surfaces. In addition, a new autocorrelation function in shot peening surfaces is proposed to accurately characterize the reconstructed surface texture. The experimental results show that with the improved FFT method and the new autocorrelation function introduced to shot peening surface reconstruction, the maximum error of the seven height roughness parameters in the reconstructed surface is 2.201%. And the texture features and height distribution of the reconstructed surface are in good agreement with the measured surface.