bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal: Bold New Indications for Transcatheter Pulmonary Flow Restrictors
Authors: Schranz Dietmar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis proposal presents a proof of concept for the use of pulmonary flow restrictors (PFRs) based on MVP™-devices, drawing from clinical experience, and explores their potential role in the management of newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), other complex left heart lesions, and infants with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). At this early stage of age, manually adjusted PFRs can be tailored to patient’s size and hemodynamic needs. Although currently used off-label, PFRs have substantial potential to improve outcomes in these vulnerable patient populations. When integrated into a holistic treatment strategy, they represent a promising advancement in care. There is significant potential to reduce mortality and improve the quality of life for neonates with HLHS and variants, as well as to support age-dependent functional regeneration in DCM, all while avoiding the need for advanced surgical procedures, including general anesthesia. The main barrier to broader adoption is the limited availability of appropriately sized MVP devices. However, with ongoing patient-centered knowledge sharing and refinement of transcatheter techniques, there is reason for optimism that PFRs, tailored for individual patients, could provide significant benefits to thousands of infants with congenital heart disease and DCM worldwide.
Complexity Framework for Forbidden Subgraphs I: The Framework
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Martin Barnaby , Oostveen Jelle J. , Pandey Sukanya , Paulusma Daniël , Smith Siani , van Leeuwen Erik Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For a set of graphs

$${\mathcal {H}}$$

H

, a graph G is

$${\mathcal {H}}$$

H

-subgraph-free if G does not contain any graph from

$${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$

H

as a subgraph. We propose general and easy-to-state conditions on graph problems that explain a large set of results for

$${\mathcal {H}}$$

H

-subgraph-free graphs. Namely, a graph problem must be efficiently solvable on graphs of bounded treewidth, computationally hard on subcubic graphs, and computational hardness must be preserved under edge subdivision of subcubic graphs. Our meta-classification says that if a graph problem

$$\Pi $$

Π

satisfies all three conditions, then for every finite set

$${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$

H

, it is “efficiently solvable” on

$${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$

H

-subgraph-free graphs if

$${\mathcal {H}}$$

H

contains a disjoint union of one or more paths and subdivided claws, and

$$\Pi $$

Π

is “computationally hard” otherwise. We apply our meta-classification on many well-known partitioning, covering and packing problems, network design problems and width parameter problems to obtain a dichotomy between polynomial-time solvability and -completeness. For distance-metric problems, we obtain a dichotomy between almost-linear-time solvability and having no subquadratic-time algorithm (conditioned on some hardness hypotheses). Apart from capturing a large number of explicitly and implicitly known results in the literature, we also prove a number of new results. Moreover, we perform an extensive comparison between the subgraph framework and the existing frameworks for the minor and topological minor relations, and pose several new open problems and research directions.
Genome sizes of grasses (Poaceae), chromosomal evolution, paleogenomics and the ancestral grass karyotype (AGK)
Authors: Tkach Natalia , Winterfeld Grit , Röser Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Grasses are one of the largest angiosperm families, widespread and economically important. Variation in genome size has functional consequences and is an essential parameter for understanding evolutionary patterns. In this study, we report the nuclear genome sizes (2C values) of 32 species and subspecies from 27 genera of Poaceae, including most of its subfamilies, examined by flow cytometry. Obtained genome sizes were analyzed together with the chromosome numbers to give information on the size of monoploid chromosome sets with the chromosome base number x and the mean chromosome size and then supplemented with the previously published data to obtain a deeper insight into the genome size evolution in grasses. Monoploid genomes of < 0.6 pg/1Cx and chromosomes of < 0.1 pg are presumably characteristic of the subfamilies Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae and the Oryzoideae. The larger 1Cx values (1.2–1.8 pg) of the evolutionarily ‘early diverging’ subfamilies Anomochlooideae and Pharoideae are discussed in context with the origin of grasses and the pan-grass whole-genome duplication. The data indicate that the ancestral grass had a monoploid genome of this size, which is less than half the size previously assumed. Genome size data and available chromosome numbers support the concept of the ancestral grass karyotype (AGK) with x = 12. The AGK seems to have been conserved in some grass subfamilies (Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae, Pharoideae, parts of the Pooideae), while the major genome rearrangements are lineage-specific and occurred after the separation of the BOP and the PACMAD clades, i.e. when the diversification of their subfamilies had begun.
Demographic and clinical trends of young breast cancer patients from the national cancer database: disproportionate effect on minority populations
Authors: Mark Cynthia , Pujara Vivek , Boyle Marissa K. , Yuan Yuan , Lee Jin Sun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
There is an increasing incidence of young breast cancer (YBC) patients with uncertainty surrounding the factors and patterns that are contributing.

Methods
We obtained characteristics and survival data from 206,156 YBC patients (≤ 40 years of age) diagnosed between 2005 and 2019 from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients were subdivided into two comparison groups based on year of diagnosis (2005–2009, Old vs. 2015–2019, New group). A Chi-square test of independence was employed to measure the changes. Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the variables influencing overall survival (OS).

Results
Comparison between Old (55,397 patients) and New groups (67,930 patients) showed an increase in the proportion of Hispanic (8.4% vs 10.0%), Black (16.0% vs 16.6%), and Asian (4.8% vs 6.7%) populations. In the New group, black patients had a significantly worse OS, p < 0.001. Additionally, there was a reduction in the proportion of patients with private insurance (43,940 (81.7%) vs 51,104 (76.4%)) and an increase in patients with Medicaid (5,893 (11.0%) vs 10,694 (16.0%)). Finally, there was a significant increase in hormone positive disease (35,142 (70.0%) vs 49,409 (75.8%), p = < 0.001).

Conclusions
Within YBC patients, the proportion of underrepresented and underserved population is increasing, with an impact on OS. We also see an increase in hormone positive disease. Awareness of these at-risk populations is important for early identification of breast cancer and mitigation of poorer outcomes. Also, there are increasing rates of hormone positive disease which can cause substantial personal and societal implications, such as impacts on family planning and early menopause.
Loneliness Among Parents in Sweden Who Regret Having Children
Authors: Bodin Maja , Fängström Karin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Loneliness is a common feeling often framed in negative terms. It can take several forms, including social, emotional, and existential loneliness, or through the concept of solitude, which is the desire to be alone. This qualitative study explores these types of loneliness among Swedish parents who regret having children. Our analysis of 29 interviews shows that loneliness is intertwined with regretting parenthood. Participants perceived that parental regret was unconventional, socially taboo, and unspeakable, which resulted in feelings of loneliness, shame, and guilt. They also reported that healthcare professionals, friends, and family rarely acknowledge parental feelings of regret and loneliness. Since loneliness is associated with the potential for mental health issues, it is important to build support structures for parents. In Sweden, the welfare state relies on healthcare professionals (such as nurses, midwives, and psychologists) to support parents. There is hence a need to create better support structures for parents dealing with regret and loneliness, including specialized training for healthcare professionals who work with these vulnerable groups.
Quantifying VMAT2 target occupancy at effective valbenazine doses and comparing to a novel VMAT2 inhibitor: a translational PET study
Authors: Terry-Lorenzo Ryan , Albrecht Daniel , Crouch Sabrinia , Wong Richard , Loewen Gordon , Giri Nagdeep , Skor Heather , Lin Kelly , Sandiego Christine M. , Pajonas Meghan , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Gunn Roger N. , Russell David S. , Haubenberger Dietrich 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is frequently used to obtain target occupancy (%TO) of central nervous system (CNS) drug candidates during clinical development. Obtaining %TO with PET can be particularly powerful when the %TO associated with efficacy is known for a protein target. Using the radiotracer [18F]AV-133, the relationship between plasma concentration (PK) and %TO of NBI-750142, an experimental inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) was obtained in both nonhuman primate (NHP) and human. This work established [18F]AV-133 PET as capable of providing a VMAT2 inhibitor PK-%TO relationship that translated from NHP to human. To establish the VMAT2%TO benchmark, PET was performed in NHP with NBI-98782, the main active metabolite of valbenazine, and this PK-%TO relationship was used to estimate VMAT2%TO at NBI-98782 exposures associated with valbenazine therapeutic effects in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD). This work defined 85–90% as the VMAT2%TO achieved by exposures associated with daily dosing with 80 mg valbenazine, a dosing regimen known to exhibit a large effect size in the treatment of TD and in the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s Disease. NBI-750142 was estimated to achieve 36–78% VMAT2 target occupancy at acceptable doses, indicating potential inferiority in conferring clinical benefit compared to valbenazine. It is recommended that the %TO benchmark of valbenazine derived from [18F]AV-133 PET serve as a gold standard biomarker to evaluate novel VMAT2 inhibitors undergoing clinical development.
Characterisation of heritable TP53-related cancer syndrome in Sweden—a nationwide study of genotype-phenotype correlations in 90 families
Authors: Omran Meis , Liu Yaxuan , Sun Zhang Alexander , Poluha Anna , Stenmark-Askmalm Marie , Persson Fredrik , Hallbeck Anna-Lotta , Rosén Anna , Helgadottir Hafdis T. , Tham Emma , Bajalica-Lagercrantz Svetlana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of families with heritable TP53-related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome in Sweden with class 4 and 5 germline TP53 variants (gTP53), and to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlation. These results were also used to evaluate our previously published phenotype prediction model based on TP53 missense variants and their impact on protein conformation. 90 families with hTP53rc were initially identified in Sweden. After variant reclassification using the TP53-specific ACMG criteria, 83 families remained (176 carriers) to harbour a pathogenic (class 5) or likely pathogenic (class 4) variant in TP53. Of these, 112 carriers (64%) had a previous history of cancer, and 35 (31%) had developed more than one primary tumour. 16% of the families met the stricter criteria for Classic Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 45% the updated Chompret criteria, 35% for hereditary breast cancer (HBC), and the remaining 5% were classified as “Others”. We identified 42 different gTP53 variants of which 22 were missense. The most frequently observed variant was the missense c.542 G > A, p.R181H identified in 14/29 (48%) of HBC families. Fifteen of the 20 informative missense variants (75%) were phenotypically predicted correctly using our previously published in silico prediction model. The TP53 p.R181H was identified as a common Swedish variant predominantly associated with an HBC phenotype. Apart from this variant, there were no significant genotype-phenotype correlations. Therefore, due to phenotypic overlap it is still too early to stratify surveillance programme for different TP53-carriers.
ATG8 delipidation is not universally critical for autophagy in plants
Authors: Zou Yong , Ohlsson Jonas A. , Holla Sanjana , Sabljić Igor , Leong Jia Xuan , Ballhaus Florentine , Krebs Melanie , Schumacher Karin , Moschou Panagiotis N. , Stael Simon , Üstün Suayib , Dagdas Yasin , Bozhkov Peter V. , Minina Elena A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntracellular recycling via autophagy is governed by post-translational modifications of the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. One notable example is ATG4-dependent delipidation of ATG8, a process that plays critical but distinct roles in autophagosome formation in yeast and mammals. Here, we aim to elucidate the specific contribution of this process to autophagosome formation in species representative of evolutionarily distant green plant lineages: unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with a relatively simple set of ATG genes, and a vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, harboring expanded ATG gene families. Remarkably, the more complex autophagy machinery of Arabidopsis renders ATG8 delipidation entirely dispensable for the maturation of autophagosomes, autophagic flux, and related stress tolerance; whereas autophagy in Chlamydomonas strictly depends on the ATG4-mediated delipidation of ATG8. Importantly, we also demonstrate the distinct impact of different Arabidopsis ATG8 orthologs on autophagosome formation, especially prevalent under nitrogen depletion, providing new insight into potential drivers behind the expansion of the ATG8 family in higher plants. Our findings underscore the evolutionary diversification of the molecular mechanism governing the maturation of autophagosomes in eukaryotic lineages and highlight how this conserved pathway is tailored to diverse organisms.
Assessment of energy management and power quality improvement of hydrogen based microgrid system through novel PSO-MWWO technique
Authors: Murtza Qamar Hafiz Ghulam , Guo Xiaoqiang , Seif Ghith Ehab , Tlija Mehdi , Siddique Abubakar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A hybrid microgrid powered by hydrogen is an energy infrastructure that depends on hydrogen as its primary energy carrier within a localized network. This study proposed a novel bi-level optimization approach to enhance power quality and cost efficiency of the system. In the quest to improve energy management systems (EMS) and enhance power quality, a bi-level optimization approach named Particle swarm optimization-Modified water wave optimization (PSO-MWWO) has been proposed. This method integrates adaptive population size and an adaptive wavelength coefficient to boost its overall effectiveness. It is attractive with specialists in energy management systems (EMS), control systems, and hydrogen technologies can significantly augment the efficiency of coordination endeavours. PSO-MWWO can incorporate environmental considerations, such as minimizing emissions or exploiting the use of renewable energy resources (RESs) in hydrogen production and consumption. This paper thoroughly examines its implementation, operation, and unique features, with a particular emphasis on the power quality of a hydrogen based microgrid. The achieved results and numerical analysis affirm the superiority of the proposed technique compared to other traditional methods like mixed integer linear programming (MILP), HOMER, Variable mesh optimization (VMO), and Cataclysmic genetic algorithm in optimizing component sizing, renewable production, hydrogen production, reliability, cost effective, and overall efficacy. This substantiates its practical utility in real-time applications. The efficacy of this method is empirically demonstrated through the implementation in MATLAB software.
Marine carbon burial enhanced by microbial carbonate formation at hydrocarbon seeps
Authors: Smrzka Daniel , Tseng Yiting , Zwicker Jennifer , Schröder-Ritzrau Andrea , Frank Norbert , Schmitt Anne-Désirée , Pape Thomas , Birgel Daniel , Peckmann Jörn , Lin Saulwood , Bohrmann Gerhard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSome of the carbon removed from Earth’s surface is stored within authigenic carbonate in marine sediments. Methane seeps are crucial sites of global marine carbon cycling sustaining microbial activity, enabling carbonate formation and the transfer of methane-derived carbon to the geosphere. Carbon sequestration rates depend on carbonate precipitation rates, which can be accelerated by mat-forming microorganisms that are ubiquitous at methane seeps and other Earth surface environments today. We investigate a 5-m-long drill core from an active methane seep at 1350 m water depth in the South China Sea with an exceptional abundance of pink and clear aragonite cement derived from the sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane, yet both cements precipitated under different conditions. Phase-specific 230Th/U-based ages, lipid biomarker compositions, and calcium isotope data suggest that pink aragonite is a product of in situ biofilm mineralization. First estimated precipitation rates of these individual cements in the seep carbonates range from 0.04 cm/ka for clear aragonite to 1.0 cm/ka for pink aragonite, suggesting an up to 25-fold increase in precipitation rates associated with biofilm mineralization. These results provide first kinetic constraints for future quantitative carbon cycle models, emphasizing the role of biofilms in accelerating carbon sequestration in marine authigenic carbonates.
Short- and long-term impact of governance on firm performance in emerging and developed economies: a comparative analysis
Authors: Natto Dinah , Mokoaleli-Mokoteli Thabang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the short- and long-term effects of internal and external governance on firm performance in both emerging and developed markets. The complex interplay between governance mechanisms and their impact on firms' financial outcomes requires further investigation, especially in the distinct and evolving economic contexts of these markets. Using the generalized method of moments, we assess the influence of internal and external corporate governance on firm performance while controlling for factors such as economic growth. Countries in the sample were selected based on their prominent roles within their respective economic blocs and unique economic and firm characteristics. We found that the internal governance mechanisms support firm performance in both emerging and developed markets in the short run. However, other factors play a more significant role in the long run. The results suggest that managers should strive to balance short-term gains with long-term sustainable growth view of company. For policymakers in emerging and developed markets, this study highlights the importance of designing governance frameworks that support firm performance across varying time horizons. This research offers a novel contribution by exploring the distinct short- and long-run interactions between governance machanisms and firm performance, comparing this dynamics across emerging and developed markets.
The number of polyhedral (3-connected planar) graphs
Authors: Duijvestijn A. 
Published: July 2002

Data is presented on the number of 3-connected planar graphs, isomorphic to the graphs of convex polyhedra, with up to 26 edges. Results have been checked with the the number of rooted c-nets of R.C. Mullin and P.J. Schellenberg and Liu Yanpei.
Factors of generalized Fermat numbers
Authors: Björn Anders , Riesel Hans 
Published: July 2002

A search for prime factors of the generalized Fermat numbers

F
n

(
a
,
b
)
=

a

2
n

+

b

2
n

F_n(a,b)=a^{2^n}+b^{2^n}

has been carried out for all pairs

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

with

a
,
b
≤
12

a,b\leq 12

and GCD

(
a
,
b
)
=
1

(a,b)=1

. The search limit

k
k

on the factors, which all have the form

p
=
k
⋅

2
m

+
1

p=k\cdot 2^m+1

, was

k
=

10
9

k=10^9

for

m
≤
100

m\leq 100

and

k
=
3
⋅

10
6

k=3\cdot 10^6

for

101
≤
m
≤
1000

101\leq m\leq 1000

. Many larger primes of this form have also been tried as factors of

F
n

(
a
,
b
)

F_n(a,b)

. Several thousand new factors were found, which are given in our tables.—For the smaller of the numbers, i.e. for

n
≤
15

n\leq 15

, or, if

a
,
b
≤
8

a,b\leq 8

, for

n
≤
16

n\leq 16

, the cofactors, after removal of the factors found, were subjected to primality tests, and if composite with

n
≤
11

n\leq 11

, searched for larger factors by using the ECM, and in some cases the MPQS, PPMPQS, or SNFS. As a result all numbers with

n
≤
7

n\leq 7

are now completely factored.
Stability of Runge-Kutta methods for abstract time-dependent parabolic problems: The Hölder case
Authors: González C. , Palencia C. 
Published: July 2002

We consider an abstract time-dependent, linear parabolic problem
\[

u
′

(
t
)
=
A
(
t
)
u
(
t
)
,

u
(

t
0

)
=

u
0

,

u’(t) = A(t)u(t), \qquad u(t_0) = u_0,

\]
where

A
(
t
)
:
D
⊂
X
→
X

A(t) : D \subset X \to X

,

t
∈
J

t \in J

, is a family of sectorial operators in a Banach space

X
X

with time-independent domain

D
D

. This problem is discretized in time by means of an A(

θ
\theta

) strongly stable Runge-Kutta method,

0
>
θ
>
π

/

2

0 > \theta >\pi /2

. We prove that the resulting discretization is stable, under the assumption
\[

‖
(
A
(
t
)
−
A
(
s
)
)
x
‖
≤
L

|

t
−
s

|

α

(
‖
x
‖
+
‖
A
(
s
)
x
‖
)
,

x
∈
D
,

t
,

s
∈
J
,

\| (A(t) - A(s) )x \| \le L|t-s|^\alpha (\|x\|+ \| A(s)x\|), \qquad x\in D, \,t,\,s \in J,

\]
where

L
>
0

L>0

and

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

\alpha \in (0,1)

. Our results are applicable to the analysis of parabolic problems in the

L
p

L^p

,

p
≠
2

p \ne 2

, norms.
Nonlocal invariants in index theory
Authors: Rosenberg Steven 
Published: July 2002

In its original form, the Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem equates two global quantities of a closed manifold, one analytic (the index of an elliptic operator) and one topological (a characteristic number). Because it relates invariants from different branches of mathematics, the Index Theorem has many applications and extensions to differential geometry, K-theory, mathematical physics, and other fields. This report focuses on advances in geometric aspects of index theory. For operators naturally associated to a Riemannian metric on a closed manifold, the topological side of the Index Theorem can often be expressed as the integral of local (i.e. pointwise) curvature expression. We will first discuss these local refinements in §1, which arise naturally in heat equation proofs of the Index Theorem. In §§2,3, we discuss further developments in index theory which lead to spectral invariants, the eta invariant and the determinant of an elliptic operator, that are definitely nonlocal. Finally, in §4 we point out some recent connections among these nonlocal invariants and classical index theory.
Lattice paths and Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials
Authors: Brenti Francesco 
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this paper is to present a new non-recursive combinatorial formula for the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of a Coxeter group

W
W

. More precisely, we show that each directed path in the Bruhat graph of

W
W

has a naturally associated set of lattice paths with the property that the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial of

u
,
v

u,v

is the sum, over all the lattice paths associated to all the paths going from

u
u

to

v
v

, of

(
−
1

)

Γ

≥
0

+

d
+

(
Γ
)

q

(
l
(
v
)
−
l
(
u
)
+
Γ
(
l
(
Γ
)
)
)

/

2

(-1)^{\Gamma _{\ge 0}+d_+(\Gamma )}q^{(l(v)-l(u)+\Gamma (l(\Gamma )))/2}

where

Γ

≥
0

,

d
+

(
Γ
)

\Gamma _{\ge 0}, d_+(\Gamma )

, and

Γ
(
l
(
Γ
)
)

\Gamma (l(\Gamma ))

are three natural statistics on the lattice path.