bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single long electron bunch detect electromagnetic field evolution in laser plasma
Authors: Yin Jia-Peng , Liu Sheng-Guang ,   Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2021

Laser fusion research needs much more high-time-resolved diagnostic technologies to study the dynamic process in laser plasma. We develop a special method and setup a device to measure the electromagnetic field in the plasma by using a single electron bunch. The measurement covers the whole-time window of the plasma process driven by a 3.6 ns laser pulse. An electron source can generate a single electron bunch with 0–100 keV energy and 10ns bunch length. A laser pulse with 1 J energy and 532 nm wavelength irradiates on the edge of a silver target, the target nearby the irradiated spot is ionized into plasma. At the beginning of plasma generation, the head of the electron beam begins to pass through the plasma. Electromagnetic field in plasma pushes the electrons transversely. A high voltage pulse at a good time is used to deflect the electrons linearly in the transverse direction to avoid overlapping of the different electrons on the scintillator downstream. By analyzing the deflection distances of the different electrons in this single bunch, we succesfully achieve an average electronic field along the trajectory in the plasma in the whole plasma process. The maximum value of this electronic field is	<inline-formula>	<tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ 7.74\times {10}^{5}\;\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{m} $\end{document}</tex-math>	<alternatives>	<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="1-20211374_M2.jpg"/>	<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="1-20211374_M2.png"/>	</alternatives>	</inline-formula>.
Perspektiver på å gå fra praktisk arbeid i klinikken til forsker, og på å forske der en arbeider i praksis
Authors: Areskoug Josefsson Kristina 
Published: December 2021

Praksisnær forskning påvirkes av den kunnskap og forståelse som forskere og den som arbeider i klinisk praksis har om hverandres ståsted. Gjennom felles forståelse, deling av erfaringer og samskapning kan forskningsprosjekter lede til holdbar forbedring, men det er vanlig at det i stedet er utilstrekkelig kunnskap om hverandres roller og kontekst. For eksempel, hvordan kommer den tenkte forskningsdesignen til å påvirke praksis og hvordan kan gjennomføringen av forskningen i praksis påvirke resultatene av prosjektet? Hva har høyest prioritet – forskningsprosjektet eller det praktiske arbeidet?
På samme måte som vi diskuterer behandlinger og resultater med pasienter og kolleger i klinikken, burde forskningsaktiviteter i klinikken diskuteres.
Valg av modalitet ved karundersøkelser: CTA vs. MRA
Authors: Skalmerås Maia Muri , Ellingbø Eirin , Rusandu Albertina 
Published: December 2021

Keywords: MRA, CTA, Modality choice, Angiographic imaging, Mixed method
Sammendrag
Hensikt
Hensikten med denne studien var å undersøke hva som legges til grunn for radiologens valg av modalitet ved karundersøkelser. Dette med hensyn til at radiografen, med ansvar for berettigelse og selvstendig utførelse på CTA og MRA, bør kjenne til begrunnelsen for valgt modalitet.

Metode
Denne mixed method-studien bestod av en spørreundersøkelse med et nasjonalt perspektiv og et litteratursøk med et globalt perspektiv. Spørreundersøkelsen ble sendt til radiologer på offentlige sykehus i Norge. Litteratursøk ble gjennomført i databasene PubMed, Web of Science og Scopus, med søkeordene “MRA and CTA”, “MRA vs CTA” og “MRA and CTA and decision”.

Resultat
38 respondenter deltok i undersøkelsen, og 21 studier ble inkludert fra litteratursøket. I resultatet kom det frem flere viktige faktorer som påvirker valg av modalitet, blant annet tilgjengelighet, pasientens situasjon, bildekvalitet og diagnostisk verdi. Noen viktig funn er at modalitetsvalg avhenger av patologi og dens lokalisasjon, samt at det i stor grad tas hensyn til ønske fra den som henviser.

Konklusjon
Valg av modalitet er hovedsakelig basert på klinisk problemstilling og pasientrelaterte faktorer. Faktorer knyttet til selve modaliteten som strålingsbelastning, undersøkelseshastighet, tilgjengelighet, er også tatt i betraktning, men foretrukken modalitet vil endres i takt med teknologiutvikling. Det kan sess et behov for retningslinjer for å øke radiografens kompetanse.
Koellreutter como mediador entre os sul-americanos e o Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt entre 1949 e 1970
Authors: De Mattos Caitano Joevan 
Published: December 2021

Hans-Joachim Koellreutter (1915-2003) ficou reconhecido como o imigrante que introduziu a técnica dos doze tons no Brasil. Dentre as diversas atividades para enriquecer a música brasileira, incluem-se também o engajamento na divulgação dos compositores brasileiros e de outros países sul americanos no Internationalen Ferienkursen für Neue Musik in Darmstadt. De 1949 até 1970, Koellreutter intercambiou cartas com os diretores do Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt. Assentado no material recolhido no IMD Archiv, o autor deste artigo documentar uma parte da conexão Darmstadt e América Latina pela perspectiva de Koellreutter.
Palavras-chave: Música Nova, Darmstadt, América Latina, Hans-Joachim Koellreutter, Wolfgang Steinecke.
Internacionalização na UFBA: estratégias para inserção na educação global
Authors: Souza Santos Suely , Rosa Flavia 
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar, no âmbito da Universidade Federal da Bahia, as ações e as políticas de internacionalização voltadas para sua inserção no contexto da educação mundial global. O texto pretende demonstrar como esta Universidade tem historicamente realizado ações no sentido de se firmar como instituição que caminha na perspectiva da produção de conhecimento em sua relação com ações de internacionalização. Para isso, será apresentado um relato histórico dessas ações na Universidade desde sua fundação até o presente momento, com a aprovação do seu Plano de Internacionalização em 2018. A análise está alicerçada na revisão das políticas adotadas pelos governos brasileiros para fomento à internacionalização universitária até a criação do Programa Ciências sem Fronteira (PCsF) e Capes Print, do qual a UFBA foi e é partícipe, situadas enquanto significativas ações estratégicas para inserção das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior brasileiras no cenário acadêmico internacional. Isso incluirá, certamente, o maior desafio apresentado pelos estudiosos sobre internacionalização: a proficiência linguística. Tal desafio será abordado, enfocando a principal medida local para seu enfrentamento: o Programa de Proficiência em Língua Estrangeira para Estudantes e Servidores da UFBA (PROFICI). Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa e baseada em revisão de literatura, tomando por base as informações em referências correspondentes, mas, principalmente, em informações contidas nos seus planos de desenvolvimento institucionais.
Defluorinative Cyclization of Enamides with Fluoroalkyl Halides Through Two Vicinal C(sp3)─F Bonds Functionalization
Authors: Chen Yu‐Lan , Han Wei , Ren Yuan‐Yuan , Ma Mengtao , Ge Danhua , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Guo Kai , Chu Xue‐Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroducing distinctive functional groups to expand the structural diversity and improve the intrinsic properties of parent molecules has been an essential pursuit in organic chemistry. By using perfluoroalkyl halide (PFAH) as a nontraditional, readily available, ideal 1,2‐difluoroalkenyl coupling partner, a defluorinative cyclization reaction of enamides for the construction of fluoroalkenyl oxazoles is first developed. The selective and controllable two‐fold cleavage of vicinal C(sp3)─F bonds in PFAH not only enables the introduction of a specific 1,2‐difluoroalkenyl moiety with ease but also results in the functionalization of two C(sp2)─H bonds of enamides without the need for metal catalyst, photocatalyst, oxidant, or light. The method can be applied to the late‐stage modification of complex molecules, synthesis of biological‐relevant oxazole analoges, and scale‐up synthesis, which all further highlight the real‐world utility of this protocol. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction possibly proceeds through a radical perfluoroalkylation, consecutive C─F bond heterolytic cleavage, and cyclization process. In addition, the in situ formed perfluoroalkyl radical which may also serve as an essential hydrogen abstractor.
Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Nanoscale Metal‐Organic Layer Overcomes Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species Diffusion Barriers to Enhance Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Xiong Yuxuan , Li Jinhong , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhen Wenyao , Ma Xin , Lin Wenbin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHafnium (Hf)‐based nanoscale metal‐organic layers (MOLs) enhance radiotherapeutic effects of tissue‐penetrating X‐rays via a unique radiotherapy‐radiodynamic therapy (RT‐RDT) process through efficient generation of hydroxy radical (RT) and singlet oxygen (RDT). However, their radiotherapeutic efficacy is limited by hypoxia in deep‐seated tumors and short half‐lives of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein the conjugation of a nitric oxide (NO) donor, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐DL‐penicillamine (SNAP), to the Hf12 secondary building units (SBUs) of Hf‐5,5′‐di‐p‐benzoatoporphyrin MOL is reported to afford SNAP/MOL for enhanced cancer radiotherapy. Under X‐ray irradiation, SNAP/MOL efficiently generates superoxide anion (O2−.) and releases nitric oxide (NO) in a spatio‐temporally synchronized fashion. The released NO rapidly reacts with O2−. to form long‐lived and highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite which diffuses freely to the cell nucleus and efficiently causes DNA double‐strand breaks. Meanwhile, the sustained release of NO from SNAP/MOL in the tumor microenvironment relieves tumor hypoxia to reduce radioresistance of tumor cells. Consequently, SNAP/MOL plus low‐dose X‐ray irradiation efficiently inhibits tumor growth and reduces metastasis in colorectal and triple‐negative breast cancer models.
Mitigating the Effect of High Overpotential during Al Deposition on Aluminium‐Graphite Battery Performance
Authors: Mukundan Charan , Drillet Jean‐Francois 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of current density on electrode potential during aluminium (Al) dissolution/deposition step from/on an Al foil as well as the charge‐discharge behaviour of aluminium‐graphite batteries (AGB) in various AlCl3‐based electrolytes. Preliminary experiments in a cell with graphite blocking electrodes evidenced higher chemical stability of 1 : 1.5 Urea : AlCl3 electrolyte, followed by 1 : 1.5 TEA : AlCl3 and 1 : 1.5 EMIMCl : AlCl3. In Al−Al symmetric cells, current densities above 1 mA cm−2 led to a notable rise in overpotential up to 100 mV during Al deposition in both TEA : AlCl3 and Urea : AlCl3 electrolytes mostly due to low surface area of native Al foil. Similar trend was observed in AGB full cells, where higher overpotentials during Al deposition caused ‘incomplete’ AlCl₄− intercalation in natural graphite (NG), resulting in capacity fade at current densities in the range between 0.5 and 5 A g−1. By adjusting the upper cut‐off voltage (UCV) during charging step as a function of applied current value according to respective electrolyte stability, a significant improvement in specific capacity and energy density was achieved during charging and discharging steps. For instance at 1 A g−1, the specific energy density of AGB increased by 10 % in EMIMCl : AlCl3, 48 % in TEA : AlCl3, and an impressive 250 % in Urea : AlCl3.During long‐term cycling post‐UCV adjustment, the capacities of AGB increased by 10 %, 13 %, and 27 % for AGBs with EMIMCl : AlCl3, TEA : AlCl3 and Urea : AlCl3, respectively with a negligible capacity fade of less than 1 % for EMIMCl : AlCl3 and TEA : AlCl3, and a 9 % capacity fade for Urea : AlCl3.
Executive Function Strengths in Athletes: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ren Shuangquan , Shi Peng , Feng Xioasu , Zhang Kai , Wang Wenchao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhether athletes possess superior executive functions still needs further examination. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the executive function advantages of athletes and the differences in these advantages between open‐ and closed‐skill sports through systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsComputer searches of CNKI, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus databases were conducted. After document selection, data extraction, and quality assessment by two researchers, data processing, statistical analysis, and visual presentation were performed using SPSS 25.0, Stata 16.0, and GraphPad Prism 8 software.ResultsA total of 41 articles were included, including 3845 athletes with a mean age of 9.6–42.8 years. Athletes showed more positive inhibitory control (Z = 5.18, standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.631, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = −0.869 to −0.392, p = 0.000) and working memory (Z = 3.42, SMD = −0.382, 95%CI = −0.601 to −0.163, p = 0.001) compared to the general group with no sports experience. Elite and sub‐elite, and sub‐elite and amateur athletes all showed more positive performance on the cognitive flexibility task compared to the latter. In addition, open‐skilled athletes performed more positively on working memory and cognitive flexibility tasks compared to closed‐skilled athletes. Egger linear regression analysis revealed a possible publication bias for inhibitory control, whereas there was no publication bias for working memory and cognitive flexibility. Univariate meta‐regression analysis revealed that date of publication (β = 0.145) and sample size (β = −0.002) were sources of heterogeneity between studies for the inclusion of cognitive flexibility (p < 0.05). The sensitivity analysis of the one‐by‐one elimination method and the cut‐and‐patch method found the results to be relatively robust and reliable.ConclusionAthletes have superior executive function performance that increases with sports experience. In addition, open‐skilled athletes showed more positive executive function. The result has guiding significance for the selection and training of athletes in the future.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Strength‐Based Parenting Scale in an Adolescent Sample
Authors: Asgarizadeh Ahmad , Shokri Omid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeDespite the increasing interest in positive psychology and the functional characteristics of one of its practical derivations, strength‐based parenting, there is a paucity of information regarding the assessment tools for strength‐based parenting and their psychometric properties. Thus, this study aimed to translate the Strength‐Based Parenting Scale (SBPS) into Persian and investigate its validity and reliability among Iranian adolescents.MethodOf the 645 adolescents who completed the Persian translation of the SBPS (349 females, Mage = 14.01 years, SDage = 0.82, range = 13–15), 300 also answered the Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents and the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale.FindingConfirmatory factor analysis supported a two‐factor structure comprising dimensions of “knowledge of strengths” and “use of strengths,” the measurement invariance of which was established across sexes and school grades. The two dimensions were significantly and strongly correlated with the constructs of mental toughness and psychological resilience (r = 0.36–0.65, p < 0.01), corroborating the criterion‐related validity of the SBPS. Furthermore, excellent internal consistency coefficients were observed for both subscales (0.96–0.97).ConclusionOur findings substantiate the positions derived from positive psychology, upon which the conceptual foundation of strength‐based parenting is built, and provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the SBPS.
The Effect of Digital Era on Human Visual Working Memory
Authors: Tang Dandan , Chen Jiangtao , Xu Ping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe digital age has had a profound impact on our lives and cognitive abilities, such as working memory. Typically, visual working memory (VWM) is an important aspect of our working memory. As a crucial cognitive function for individuals, VWM has been extensively studied in the context of the digital age and may be affected by the digital age.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide a summary of the impact of the digital age on VWM and cover various aspects and novel methods for investigating its effects on our VWM.MethodsQualitative review of the VWM in the context of the digital age.ResultsThis paper reviews the research on VWM in the context of the digital era, expounds the influence of both the digital content usage and the active video games on the VWM, introduces the application of the virtual technology in the research of VWM, and puts forward the future research direction of VWM in the context of the digital era.ConclusionBy synthesizing the existing research, this review sheds light on the complex relationship between the digital age and VWM, as well as identifies potential avenues for future research on VWM.
Effects of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatohepatitis in Alertness, Associative Learning, and Astrocyte Density
Authors: Higarza Sara G. , De Antón‐Cosío Marina , Zorzo Candela , Arias Jorge L. , Arias Natalia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeMetabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a prevalent disease caused by high fat and high cholesterol intake, which leads to systemic deterioration. The aim of this research is to conduct a psychobiological exploration of MASH in adult male rats.MethodsSubjects who were administered a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet for 14 weeks. Then, we assessed the acoustic startle response and alertness through the prepulse inhibition paradigm as well as the associative learning by the use of the passive avoidance test. Also, we explored the astrocyte density in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.ResultsOur results showed that, whereas the MASH group did not display an impaired associative learning, a lower exploration rate was found in this group. Moreover, a reduced prepulse inhibition was found in these subjects in the case of the weaker and closer‐to‐the‐stimulus prepulse, which indicates a mild alteration in this process. No differences were found in astrocyte density in the MASH group in comparison with controls.ConclusionMASH seems to be linked with cognitive dysfunction. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathway involved in this disease and its underlying mechanism, as well as the potential implication in human health.
High Body Roundness Index Is Associated With Unhealthy Sleep Patterns: Insights From NHANES (2007–2014)
Authors: Liu Pingchuan , Luo Yuding , He Xing , Zhang Jiali , Ren Fanzhou , Zhang Bingyang , Zheng Bo , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSubstantial evidence suggests an association between obesity and sleep. However, research investigating sleep patterns in relation to novel anthropometric indices is limited. Therefore, we conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2014 to examine the relationship between the body roundness index (BRI) and unhealthy sleep patterns.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the BRI and unhealthy sleep patterns among US adults.MethodsData were sourced from NHANES (2007–2014), including respondents aged 20 years and older. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the healthiness of their sleep patterns. The data were weighted, and multiple potential covariates were included in the analysis to provide national estimates and account for the comprehensive sampling design. A multivariable weighted logistic regression model was used, employing restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves to examine potential associations, and subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the stability of the results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the diagnostic performance of BRI and body mass index (BMI) in identifying unhealthy sleep patterns.ResultsIn the fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression model, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) for the association between BRI and unhealthy sleep patterns was 1.09, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.07–1.10. The RCS analysis found that the nonlinear association between BRI and unhealthy sleep patterns was not significant. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated a consistently positive association between high BRI and unhealthy sleep patterns across most subgroups. ROC diagnostic tests showed that BRI's effectiveness in diagnosing unhealthy sleep patterns was comparable to that of BMI, and it was not inferior to BMI in assessing certain components of sleep patterns.ConclusionHigh BRI is positively associated with unhealthy sleep patterns significantly, indicating that BRI could be a promising metric for evaluating sleep health.
Research Progress on the Potential Pathogenesis of Persistent Postural–Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Qin Chen , Zhang Ruyi , Yan Zhihui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionPersistent postural–perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is the most prevalent chronic functional dizziness in the clinic. Unsteadiness, dizziness, or non‐spinning vertigo are the main symptoms of PPPD, and they are typically aggravated by upright posture, active or passive movement, and visual stimulation. The pathogenesis of PPPD remains incompletely understood, and it cannot be attributed to any specific anatomical defect within the vestibular system. Consequently, there is no objective examination method for the disease, and the diagnosis primarily depends on the symptoms of the patient, which lack specificity.MethodsTo better understand the pathogenesis of PPPD and to aid in the development of novel diagnostic strategies and therapies, we conducted a comprehensive narrative review of the relevant literature. We performed a search for literature in PubMed using the following search phrases: “persistent postural–perceptual dizziness” OR “PPPD” OR “chronic subjective dizziness” OR “functional dizziness” OR “space‐motion discomfort” OR “visual vertigo” OR “phobic postural vertigo.” The reference list of relevant studies was also screened. The search was limited to publications in English, and the final references were selected based on their relevance to the scope of this review.ResultsThis review summarizes recent studies that have investigated the pathogenesis of PPPD. It is traditionally assumed that PPPD may result from altered postural control strategies, cortical integration of threat assessment and spatial orientation, or abnormal integration of multi‐sensory information. Recent studies have shown that the brain structure, activity, structural connectivity, and even cerebral perfusion of patients with PPPD differ from those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, PPPD patients are different from healthy individuals in spatial navigation ability, vestibular perception thresholds, central sensitization, and oxidative stress. These findings provide additional anatomical and behavioral insights into the pathogenesis of PPPD, suggesting that PPPD may arise from shifts in the interactions among emotional, visuo‐vestibular, and sensorimotor networks.ConclusionUnderstanding the complex pathogenesis of PPPD is crucial for the development of novel therapeutics against PPPD. Following the existing findings, our review suggests directions for future research.