bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the pleiotrophin–midkine axis in a sheep tooth socket model of bone healing
Authors: Nobakht Saeideh , Milne Trudy J. , Duncan Warwick J. , Ram Anumala , Tkatchenko Tatiana , Dong Zhen , Coates Dawn E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective and BackgroundResorption of alveolar bone after tooth extraction is a common problem often requiring bone grafting. The success of the grafting procedures is dependent on multiple factors including the presence of growth factors. This is the first in vivo study to investigate the role of the pleiotrophin family of cytokines in alveolar bone regeneration. This research investigated the role of the pleiotrophin–midkine (PTN–MDK) axis during osteogenesis, with and without a grafting material, after tooth extraction in a sheep model.MethodsThirty Romney‐cross ewes were anesthetized, and all premolar teeth on the right side were extracted. The sockets were randomized to controls sites with no treatment and test sites with Bio‐Oss® graft material and Bio‐Gide® membrane. Samples were harvested after sacrificing animals 4, 8, and 16 weeks post‐grafting (n = 10 per time‐point). Tissue for qRT2‐PCR gene analysis was recovered from the socket next to the first molar using a trephine (Ø = 2 mm). Each socket was fixed, decalcified, paraffin‐embedded, and sectioned. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to localize both PTN and MDK along with their receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1), ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), and notch receptor 2 (NOTCH2).ResultsWithin the healing sockets, high expression of genes for PTN, MDK, NOTCH2, and ALK was found at all time‐points and in both grafted and non‐grafted sites, while PTPRZ1 was only expressed at low levels. The relative gene expression of the PTN family of cytokines was not statistically different at the three time‐points between test and control groups (p > .05). Immunohistochemistry found PTN and MDK in association with new bone, NOTCH2 in the connective tissue, and PTPRZ1 and ALK in association with cuboidal osteoblasts involved in bone formation.ConclusionsThe PTN–MDK axis was highly expressed in both non‐grafted and grafted sockets during osteogenesis in a sheep model of alveolar bone regeneration with no evidence that grafting significantly affected expression. The activation of NOTCH2 and PTPRZ1 receptors may be important during bone regeneration in vivo. The discovery of the PTN–MDK axis as important during alveolar bone regeneration is novel and opens up new avenues of research into these stably expressed highly active cytokines. Growth factor supplementation with PTN and/or MDK during healing may be an approach for enhanced regeneration or to initiate healing where delayed.
Sequential action of antibacterial effectors in Dictyostelium discoideum phagosomes
Authors: Crespo‐Yanez Xènia , Oddy Joseph , Lamrabet Otmane , Jauslin Tania , Marchetti Anna , Cosson Pierre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMammalian professional phagocytic cells ingest and kill invading microorganisms and prevent the development of bacterial infections. Our understanding of the sequence of events that results in bacterial killing and permeabilization in phagosomes is still largely incomplete. In this study, we used the Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba as a model phagocyte to study the fate of the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae inside phagosomes. Our analysis distinguishes three consecutive phases: bacteria first lose their ability to divide (killing), then their cytosolic content is altered (permeabilization), and finally their DNA is degraded (digestion). Phagosomal acidification and production of free radicals are necessary for rapid killing, membrane‐permeabilizing proteins BpiC and AlyL are required for efficient permeabilization. These results illustrate how a combination of genetic and microscopical tools can be used to finely dissect the molecular events leading to bacterial killing and permeabilization in a maturing phagosome.
A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change
Authors: Porada Philipp , Bader Maaike Y. , Berdugo Monica B. , Colesie Claudia , Ellis Christopher J. , Giordani Paolo , Herzschuh Ulrike , Ma Yunyao , Launiainen Samuli , Nascimbene Juri , Petersen Imke , Raggio Quílez José , Rodríguez‐Caballero Emilio , Rousk Kathrin , Sancho Leopoldo G. , Scheidegger Christoph , Seitz Steffen , Van Stan John T. , Veste Maik , Weber Bettina , Weston David J. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryNonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world‐wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat‐specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on: (1) potential for acclimation; (2) response to elevated CO2; (3) role of the microbiome; and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.
Does plant ecosystem thermoregulation occur? An extratropical assessment at different spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Guo Zhengfei , Still Christopher J. , Lee Calvin K. F. , Ryu Youngryel , Blonder Benjamin , Wang Jing , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Hughes Alice , Li Yan , Yeung Henry C. H. , Zhang Kun , Law Ying Ki , Lin Ziyu , Wu Jin 
Published: November 2022

Summary
To what degree plant ecosystems thermoregulate their canopy temperature (Tc) is critical to assess ecosystems' metabolisms and resilience with climate change, but remains controversial, with opinions from no to moderate thermoregulation capability.
With global datasets of Tc, air temperature (Ta), and other environmental and biotic variables from FLUXNET and satellites, we tested the ‘limited homeothermy’ hypothesis (indicated by Tc & Ta regression slope < 1 or Tc < Ta around midday) across global extratropics, including temporal and spatial dimensions.
Across daily to weekly and monthly timescales, over 80% of sites/ecosystems have slopes ≥1 or Tc > Ta around midday, rejecting the above hypothesis. For those sites unsupporting the hypothesis, their Tc–Ta difference (ΔT) exhibits considerable seasonality that shows negative, partial correlations with leaf area index, implying a certain degree of thermoregulation capability. Spatially, site‐mean ΔT exhibits larger variations than the slope indicator, suggesting ΔT is a more sensitive indicator for detecting thermoregulatory differences across biomes. Furthermore, this large spatial‐wide ΔT variation (0–6°C) is primarily explained by environmental variables (38%) and secondarily by biotic factors (15%).
These results demonstrate diverse thermoregulation patterns across global extratropics, with most ecosystems negating the ‘limited homeothermy’ hypothesis, but their thermoregulation still occurs, implying that slope < 1 or Tc < Ta are not necessary conditions for plant thermoregulation.
Assessing policies to reduce adolescent overweight and obesity: Insights from a system dynamics model using data from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children study
Authors: Romanenko Eduard , Homer Jack , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Rutter Harry , Lien Nanna 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAdolescent overweight and obesity (AdOWOB) in Europe has proven to be a persistent and complex problem, and appropriate systems methods may help in evaluating potential policy options. This paper describes the development of a system dynamics model of AdOWOB as part of the EU‐funded CO‐CREATE project. The model was developed using literature and data from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) study across 31 European countries. We identified 10 HBSC variables that were included as direct or indirect drivers of AdOWOB in the dynamic model, seven at the level of the individual, and three related to the social environment. The model was calibrated to 24 separate cases based on four gender and perceived wealth segments for each of the five CO‐CREATE countries (The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the UK) and for Europe overall. Out of 10 possible intervention points tested, exercise, fruit, life dissatisfaction, school pressure, and skipping breakfast were identified as the top five most influential ones across the 24 cases. These model‐based priorities can be compared with the policy ideas suggested by the CO‐CREATE adolescents.
Augmented Stability in Leaving Original Internal Fixation with Multidimensional Cross Locking Plate through Mini‐Open Femoral Anterior Approach for Aseptic Femoral Shaft Nonunion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Taoguang , Zhang Wei , Chang Zuhao , Zhu Zhengguo , Sun Lijun , Tang Peifu , Chen Hua 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAseptic femoral shaft nonunion constitutes approximately 1%–10% of all femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation, possibly attributable to the lack of anti‐rotational stability. Although a lateral locking plate (LP) with retainment of original IMN has shown the most success, lateral LP inflicts significant surgical trauma on patients. Therefore, the Multidimensional Cross Locking Plate (MDC‐LP) was designed based on a mini‐open femoral anterior approach. We aim to report and compare the technical aspects and clinical outcomes of using anterior MDC‐LP or lateral LP with retention of original IMN for the treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion.MethodsIn this single center retrospective cohort study, records of 49 patients who had undergone revision of femoral shaft aseptic nonunion with anterior MDC‐LP or lateral LP while retaining the original IMN from January 2015 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patients' demographics, clinical data, and surgical outcomes were gathered and analyzed. X‐ray and CT scans were used for bone union evaluation and the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was used for follow‐up functional evaluation. For quantitative data, the Student's t‐test was used if the data were normally distributed. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for non‐normally distributed data. For qualitative data, the Chi‐square test was used for comparisons.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were treated with anterior MDC‐LP, and 22 patients were treated with lateral LP. There are no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, time since initial femoral shaft fracture, initial fracture type (close/open), nonunion type, or nonunion location between patients' group. Among patients treated with anterior MDC‐LP, an average of 2‐months advantage in time to union was observed (4.09 months vs. 6.8 months in the lateral LP group: P = 0.000), smaller incision was required for MDC‐LP installment (7.7 cm vs 17.1 cm in lateral LP group: P = 0.000).ConclusionsFor the treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion with retainment of original IMN, anterior MDC‐LP via mini‐open femoral anterior approach described in this study is a better option than lateral LP for achieving faster bone union and satisfactory functional outcome with less surgical trauma.
Biomechanical Properties of Novel Lateral Hole Pedicle Screws and Solid Pedicle Screws: A Comparative Study in the Beagle Dogs
Authors: Hu Yong , Chu Zhen‐tao , Shen Shu‐feng , Zhong Jian‐bin , Zhu Bing‐ke , Wu Jia‐da , Yuan Zhen‐shan , Dong Wei‐xin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAlthough pedicle screws are widely used to reconstruct the stability of the spine, screw loosening is a common complication after spine surgery. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of the hollow lateral hole structure had the potential to improve the stability of the pedicle screw by comparing the biomechanical properties of the novel lateral hole pedicle screws (LHPSs) with those of the solid pedicle screws (SPSs) in beagle dogs.MethodsThe cancellous bone of the distal femur, proximal femur, distal tibia, and proximal tibia were chosen as implantation sites in beagle dogs. In each of 12 dogs, four LHPSs, and four SPSs were implanted into both lower limbs. At 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery, four dogs were randomly sampled and sacrificed. The LHPS group and SPS group were subdivided into four subgroups according to the length of their duration of implantation (0, 1, 2, 3 months). The biomechanical properties of both pedicle screws were evaluated by pull‐out and the cyclic bending tests.ResultsThe results of the study showed that no significant difference was found between LHPSs (276.62 ± 50.11 N) and SPSs (282.47 ± 42.98 N) in pull‐out tests at time 0 (P > 0.05). At the same time point after implantations, LHPSs exhibited significantly higher maximal pullout strength than SPSs (month 1: 360.51 ± 25.63 vs 325.87 ± 28.11 N; month 2: 416.59 ± 23.78 vs 362.12 ± 29.27 N; month 3: 447.05 ± 38.26 vs 376.63 ± 32.36 N) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with SPSs, LHPSs withstood more loading cycles (month 2: 592 ± 21 vs 534 ± 48 times; month 3: 596 ± 10 vs 543 ± 59 times), and exhibiting less displacement before loosening at month 2 (1.70 ± 0.17 vs 1.96 ± 0.10 mm) and 3 (1.69 ± 0.19 vs 1.92 ± 0.14 mm) (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in time 0 and month 1 (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe pedicle screw with the hollow lateral hole structure could allow bone to grow into the inner architecture, which improved biomechanical properties by extending the contact area between screw and bone tissue after implantation into the cancellous bone. It indicated that LHPS could reduce loosening of the pedicle screws in long term after surgery.
Enterokinase deficiency with novel TMPRSS15 gene mutation masquerading as acrodermatitis enteropathica
Authors: Chen Yusha , Li Zhongtao , Liu Chuangwen , Wang Sheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnterokinase deficiency (EKD) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of the transmembrane protease serine 15 (TMPRSS15) gene. To date, only 12 cases of EKD have been described in the literature and skin involvement has seldom been described. We identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the TMPRSS15 gene (c.1216C>T, p.R406*) in a female infant, who manifested with acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE)‐like lesions that were dramatically relieved within 11 days after initiation of a protein‐rich hydrolyzed formula. Our case shows that AE‐like rashes can be a manifestation of EKD and expands the spectrum of causative mutations in the TMPRSS15 gene.
Causal Inference with Spatio-Temporal Data: Estimating the Effects of Airstrikes on Insurgent Violence in Iraq
Authors: Papadogeorgou Georgia , Imai Kosuke , Lyall Jason , Li Fan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many causal processes have spatial and temporal dimensions. Yet the classic causal inference framework is not directly applicable when the treatment and outcome variables are generated by spatio-temporal point processes. We extend the potential outcomes framework to these settings by formulating the treatment point process as a stochastic intervention. Our causal estimands include the expected number of outcome events in a specified area under a particular stochastic treatment assignment strategy. Our methodology allows for arbitrary patterns of spatial spillover and temporal carryover effects. Using martingale theory, we show that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal as the number of time periods increases. We propose a sensitivity analysis for the possible existence of unmeasured confounders, and extend it to the Hájek estimator. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the estimators' finite sample performance. Finally, we illustrate the proposed methods by estimating the effects of American airstrikes on insurgent violence in Iraq from February 2007 to July 2008. Our analysis suggests that increasing the average number of daily airstrikes for up to 1 month may result in more insurgent attacks. We also find some evidence that airstrikes can displace attacks from Baghdad to new locations up to 400 km away.
The multi elliptic‐localized solutions and their asymptotic behaviors for the mKdV equation
Authors: Ling Liming , Sun Xuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe mainly construct and analyze the multi elliptic‐localized solutions under the background of elliptic function solutions for the focusing modified Korteweg‐de Vries (mKdV) equation. Based on the Darboux–Bäcklund transformation, we provide a uniform expression for these solutions by the Jacobi theta functions. The asymptotic behaviors of multi elliptic‐localized solutions are provided directly in two categories. By the consistent asymptotic expression of those solutions, we obtain that the collisions between the elliptic‐breathers/solitons are elastic. Moreover, a sufficient condition of the strictly elastic collision between the solitons and breathers has been given by the symmetric analysis. In addition, as , the multi elliptic‐localized solutions degenerate into solitons, breathers, or soliton‐breather solutions, which implies that we extend the solutions from the constant and vanishing backgrounds to the periodic solutions backgrounds. Moreover, we illustrate figures of the multi elliptic‐localized solutions to visualize the above analysis.
On the almost‐circular symplectic induced Ginibre ensemble
Authors: Byun Sung‐Soo , Charlier Christophe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider the symplectic‐induced Ginibre process, which is a Pfaffian point process on the plane. Let N be the number of points. We focus on the almost‐circular regime where most of the points lie in a thin annulus of width as . Our main results are the bulk scaling limits of all correlation functions near the real axis, and also away from the real axis. Near the real axis, the limiting correlation functions are Pfaffians with a new correlation kernel, which interpolates the limiting kernels in the bulk of the symplectic Ginibre ensemble and of the antisymmetric Gaussian Hermitian ensemble of odd size. Away from the real axis, the limiting correlation functions are determinants, and the kernel is the same as the one appearing in the bulk limit of almost‐Hermitian random matrices. Furthermore, we obtain precise large N asymptotics for the probability that no points lie outside , as well as of several other “semi‐large” gap probabilities.
Research on the intrinsic mechanism of the darkening of liquid foundation
Authors: Chen Gang , Tan Yimei , Wang Shirley , Yu Jing , Yang Cici 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the intrinsic mechanism that causes the darkening of liquid foundations.Materials and methodA total of 36 commercial liquid foundations were firstly studied for preliminary screening of influencing factors. A basic liquid foundation was developed for controlling variables to study the influence of each single factor. These samples were evenly spread on the standard opacity charts with the thickness of 100 μm and applied onto human inner forearm skin with the dosage of 2 mg/cm2. The discoloration of each sample was continuously recorded using spectrophotometers and reported in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space for at least 120 min, and ΔE was calculated to describe the severity of darkening.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐minute ΔE of all commercial foundations was highly negatively correlated with their 120‐min ΔITA° (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.01). A strong positive correlation was found between the severity of darkening and the volatilization of the basic foundations (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.01). And the darkening of silicone‐based basic foundations using pigment coating with silicon is weaker than those without silicon (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe process of the discoloration of liquid foundation is accompanied by the decrease of ITA° and manifested as darkening. The volatilization rate of the product and the coating method of the pigments used in the formula can noticeably affect the darkening of the liquid foundation.
Use of soil nonexchangeable potassium by paddy rice with clay structural changes under long‐term fertilizer management
Authors: Yanai Junta , Inoue Nanami , Nakao Atsushi , Kasuya Masahiro , Ando Kaori , Oga Toshiya , Takayama Takayuki , Hasukawa Hiroyuki , Takehisa Kunihiko , Takamoto Akira , Togami Kazuki , Takahashi Tomoki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo prove the hypothesis that paddy rice utilizes soil nonexchangeable potassium (neK) and causes associated structural changes in clay minerals, K status and clay mineralogy of 22 surface soils from three paddy fields under long‐term fertilizer management for 51–93 years were investigated. Soil neK content was determined as the difference between 1 mol L−1 hot HNO3 extractable K and 1 mol L−1 ammonium acetate exchangeable K. Clay mineralogy was identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The radiocesium interception potential (RIP), an index of frayed edge sites in the interlayer sites of 2:1 type clay minerals, was also determined. The neK contents under the ‐K and NPK treatments were considerably lower than those under the unfertilized treatment in all the fields, indicating the exploitation of soil neK by rice. XRD analysis of the clay samples revealed 7% shift from the 1.0 peak to 1.4 nm one under the ‐K treatment compared with the unfertilized one, and the amounts of neK were negatively correlated with those of RIP (p < .01), suggesting the expansion of interlayer spaces of the 2:1 type phyllosilicates such as mica due to the release of neK. In addition, the neK content positively correlated with K balance of the long‐term experiments (p < .05). The differences of neK between unfertilized K and ‐K treatments corresponded to 22–157 kg K ha−1, or 0.42–1.68 kg K ha−1 year−1. In conclusion, utilization of considerable amount of soil neK under K depleted conditions should be considered to establish sustainable K management for paddy rice.
Solving location‐allocation problems with professional optimization software
Authors: Wolf Gert W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLocation‐allocation modeling has always been regarded as a core part of spatial analysis. A review of the literature, however, reveals that, nevertheless, publications related to facility location disappeared almost completely from geographic journals in the meantime. It can be assumed that one major reason for this development is the limited capability of the location‐allocation modules implemented in GIS packages that prevents this software from being used to solve the increasingly complex real‐world problems of today. The main purpose of the present article is to demonstrate how location‐allocation problems can be solved efficiently with professional optimization software, more precisely, with the two program packages CPLEX® and AIMMS®. Starting from two classic problems, viz., the ‐median and the location set covering problem, the article presents how structurally much more complicated problems, which are far beyond the capabilities of the respective GIS modules, can be solved quite easily with these program packages.