bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological regulation, effects, extraction mechanisms, healthy utilization, and bioactivity of edible fungi: A comprehensive review
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Hasan K. M. Faridul , Wei Shaofeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe immune system is the body's first barrier to disease resistance, so immunomodulators occupy an important position in modern nutrition and health care industries. As a special kind of food with immune function, edible fungi contain many ingredients that can be used as immunomodulators. Edible fungi mainly promote cell apoptosis, induce autophagy in cancer cells, alleviate autophagy in damaged cells, and regulate cell polarization. Furthermore, it also facilitates to regulate or strengthen the body's immune system too. Some edible fungus can release immune factors through humoral immunity to improve the body's immunity. Therefore, based on the characteristics of edible fungi, it can be immunomodulated by multiple pathways and multiple targets; In addition, the extraction of edible fungi immunomodulatory compounds and the industry chain of edible fungi have also been research hotspots in recent years. Therefore, it has a good application prospect for the development of edible fungi. This article systematically expounds the types of edible fungi immunomodulatory compounds, extraction methods, immunomodulatory effects, edible fungi‐related industrial chains, and so on, in order to lay the foundation for follow‐up research.Practical ApplicationsThis article takes the extraction and healthy utilization of edible fungi's biologically active substances as a starting point and summarizes the immune regulation and mechanism of edible fungi, with a view to in‐depth study of the immune regulation mechanism and endogenousness of edible fungi. Overall, this review would provide a detailed understanding and discussions on the health promoting characteristics of edible fungi, which will facilitate the manufacturers with associated products.
Numerical analysis of vacuum drying of a porous body in the integrated domain
Authors: Amiri Milad , Ayani Mohammad bagher , Ziolkowski Pawel , Mikielewicz Dariusz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the vacuum drying process of an apple slice is numerically modeled based on a control volume method. Transient two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes, energy, moisture, and Luikov equations are solved by numerical coding (Fortran) to simulate the simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the ambient and apple slice, respectively. The privilege of using Luikov's model is that the capillary forces are considered, and a differentiation between air, vapor, liquid, and solid is made. Luikov described the two phenomena associated with the transport of air, vapor, and liquids through the porous media as molecular transport and molar transport. The ambient pressure linearly reduced within a minute until it reached a constant value. One of the intellectually demanding preoccupations among researchers is how to simulate the sample and its surroundings with high accuracy of boundary conditions, which enables to avoid the use of empirical transfer coefficients. This study can be scrutinized from various dimensions, among which nonuse of boundary condition between a porous sample and its surroundings is the most conspicuous novelty. Results showed that although at 50 s, isothermal and iso‐moisture lines inside the sample are symmetric, they are not symmetric at 100, 200, and 400 s. In addition, at first minute, pump operation leads to vary the density of the isothermal and iso‐moisture lines around the sample, but at 100, 200, and 400 s, higher temperature and moisture gradients have been achieved at the right and top of the sample surface.Practical ApplicationsDrying is the main technique of food preservation, so that it reduces the humidity of crops and is the most crucial procedure for safeguarding agricultural crops because it has a considerable impact on the condition of parched goods. In this study, some assumptions of drying including using empirical transfer coefficients between sample and its surrounding and vacuum drying under constant pressure have been eliminated. To achieve this goal, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), plays a crucial role to simulate the parameters inside the sample and its ambient without using boundary condition.
Editorial: Honouring John Hardy – A true pioneer in research
Authors: Lourenco Mychael V. , Hausmann Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis Editorial highlights the knighthood recognition of Sir John Hardy, Professor and Chair at the University College London, for his exceptional services to human health and dementia research. We also celebrate his successful trajectory in neurochemistry and neurogenetics, and acknowledge his long‐standing contributions to the Journal of Neurochemistry as an author and editor. John Hardy's research identified key mutations linked to prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in humans and contributed to our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. As John's career has inspired many generations of researchers in neurochemistry, we present a brief Q&A interview with him on the occasion of his most recent recognition.

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Inhibiting α1‐adrenergic receptor signaling pathway ameliorates AD‐type pathologies and behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1 mouse model
Authors: Yu Zhong‐Yuan , Yi Xu , Wang Ye‐Ran , Zeng Gui‐Hua , Tan Cheng‐Rong , Cheng Yuan , Sun Pu‐Yang , Liu Zhi‐Hao , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Liu Yu‐Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe role of α1 adrenergic receptors (α1‐ARs) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has rarely been investigated. Clarifying the pathophysiological functions of α1‐ARs in the AD brain is helpful for better understanding the pathogenesis and screening novel therapeutic targets of AD. This study included 2 arms of in vivo investigations: 1) 6‐month‐old female APPswe/PS1 mice were intravenously treated with AAV‐PHP.eB‐shRNA (α1‐ARs)‐GFP or AAV‐PHP.eB‐GFP for 3 months. 2) 3‐month‐old female APPswe/PS1 mice were daily treated with 0.5 mg/kg terazosin or an equal volume of saline for 6 months. SH‐SY5Y cell lines bearing human amyloid precursor protein were treated with terazosin or saline for investigating possible mechanisms. α1‐ARs knockdown mice exhibited improved behavioral performances in comparison with control mice. α1‐ARs knockdown mice had significantly lower brain amyloid burden, as reflected by soluble Aβ species, compact and total Aβ plaques, than control mice. α1‐ARs inhibitor terazosin substantially reduced Aβ deposition, attenuated downstream pathologies including tau hyperphosphorylation, glial activation, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction et al., and rescued behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1 mice. In vitro investigation demonstrated that α1‐ARs inhibition down‐regulated BACE1 expression, and promoted ser9 phosphorylation of GSK‐3β, thus reducing Aβ production. This study indicates that inhibition of α1‐ARs signaling pathway might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.image
Antecedents and consequences of leaders’ implicit followership theories
Authors: Goswami Ashita , Carsten Melissa , Coyle Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Drawing from recognition‐based categorization and self‐fulfilling prophecy theory, the present study investigates antecedents and consequences of leaders’ implicit followership theories (LIFTs). Using latent variable modelling, in a sample of 230 leader‐follower dyads, we support our hypotheses that follower personality and in‐role behaviour influence LIFTs which, in turn, affect follower effort and performance. Specifically, we found that general factor of personality (GFP), including agreeableness, conscientiousness, extroversion, intellect, and emotional stability, positively predicted positive LIFTs and negatively predicted negative LIFTs. Furthermore, personality had an indirect effect on positive and negative LIFTs via active engagement and independent thinking behaviours respectively. With respect to outcomes, positive LIFTs indirectly impacted follower performance via effort. Contrary to our predictions, negative LIFTs also indirectly impacted follower performance via effort, despite showing a negative direct relationship with performance. Our comprehensive model reveals new insights on LIFTs and highlights the importance of educating both leaders and followers about LIFTs.Practitioner points

Managers should be cognizant of the follower traits and behaviours that influence their expectations of followers and be mindful of the potential harm done by negative expectations.

Followers should be mindful of the way they engage with their leaders, especially when it comes to independent thinking behaviours which may be construed as rude or overly critical.

Finally, organizations should encourage leaders and followers to discuss implicit expectations as this may resolve misinterpretations of behaviour and negative attributions of performance.
Sierra Gorda 013: Unusual CBa‐like chondrite
Authors: Ivanova Marina A. , Lorenz Cyril A. , Humayun Munir , Yang Shuying , Ma Chi , Teplyakova Svetlana N. , Franchi Ian A. , Korochantsev Alexander V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe new metal‐enriched anomalous chondrite Sierra Gorda 013 (SG 013) contains two different lithologies. Lithology 1 (L1) is represented by anomalous CBa‐like chondrite material containing ~80 vol% of Fe,Ni‐metal particles and globules up to 6 mm in size; chondrules and clasts of types POP, BO, and SO (up to 5 mm in diameter); rare sulfides; and shock melted silicate–metal areas. It does not contain any fine‐grained matrix. Several chondrules contain chromite–pyroxene symplectites. Lithology 2 (L2) has a recrystallized texture with evenly distributed olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase. L2 does not have any chondrules or sulfides, and contains less Fe,Ni‐ metal (~25 vol%) than L1. Both lithologies contain reduced olivine (Fa2–4) and pyroxene (Fs3.5), similar to CBa chondrites. Similar to CBa, there is no Ni‐Co correlation in the SG 013 metal. Rare sulfides in L1 are enriched in V. Chromite was observed in both lithologies. Oxygen isotope compositions of both lithologies are different but in the range of CBa chondrites. Bulk major and trace element geochemistry of nonporphyritic chondrules and bulk siderophile compositions in metal globules of L1 indicate elemental fractionation during formation of metallic and silicate objects with records of the evaporation process: depletion in moderate and volatile elements with the exception of Cr. Bulk geochemistry of porphyritic chondrules of L1 and the silicate portion of L2 is similar and also indicates evaporation processes. The rare Earth element (REE) distribution of L1 chondrules records a very fractionated signature corresponding to possible differentiated precursor material, while the REE pattern of L2 is primitive chondritic. The formation of SG 013 could be explained by collisions of planetesimals producing an impact plume, the precursor material of which could be chondritic and possibly differentiated. Both lithologies were affected by secondary processes: L1 preserved the traces of shock events and partial melting resulting in formation of symplectites in chondrules, melt pockets, and metal–silicate melt between the metal globules; L2 was affected by shock thermal metamorphism (up to 900 °C) resulting in recrystallization.
A novel microRNA regulates cooperation between symbiont and a laterally acquired gene in the regulation of pantothenate biosynthesis within Bemisia tabaci whiteflies
Authors: Sun Xiang , Liu Bing‐Qi , Li Chu‐Qiao , Chen Zhan‐Bo , Xu Xiao‐Rui , Luan Jun‐Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHorizontally transferred genes (HTGs) play a key role in animal symbiosis, and some horizontally transferred genes or proteins are highly expressed in specialized host cells (bacteriocytes). However, it is not clear how HTGs are regulated, but microRNAs (miRNAs) are prime candidates given their previously demonstrated roles in symbiosis and impacts on the expression of host genes. A horizontally acquired PanBC that is highly expressed in whitefly bacteriocytes can cooperate with an obligate symbiont Portiera for pantothenate production, facilitating whitefly performance and Portiera titre. Here, we found that a whitefly miRNA, novel‐m0780‐5p, was up‐regulated and its target panBC was down‐regulated in Portiera‐eliminated whiteflies. This miRNA was located in the cytoplasmic region of whitefly bacteriocytes. Injection of novel‐m0780‐5p agomir reduced the expression of PanBC in whitefly bacteriocytes, while injection of novel‐m0780‐5p antagomir enhanced PanBC expression. Agomir injection also reduced the pantothenate level, Portiera titre and whitefly performance. Supplementation with pantothenate restored Portiera titre and the fitness of agomir‐injected whiteflies. Thus, we demonstrate that a whitefly miRNA regulates panBC‐mediated host–symbiont collaboration required for pantothenate synthesis, benefiting the whitefly–Portiera symbiosis. Both panBC and novel‐m0780‐5p are present in the genomes of six Bemisia tabaci species. The expression of a novel miRNA in multiple B. tabaci species suggests that the miRNA evolved after panBC acquisition, and allowed this gene to be more tightly regulated. Our discovery provides the first account of a HTG being regulated by a miRNA from the host genome, and suggests key roles for interactions between miRNAs and HTGs in the functioning of symbiosis.
Inflammasome and gasdermin signaling in neutrophils
Authors: Yow See Jie , Yeap Hui Wen , Chen Kaiwen W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInflammasomes and gasdermins mount potent host defense pathways against invading microbial pathogens, however, dysregulation in these pathways can drive a variety of inflammatory disorders. Neutrophils, historically regarded as effector phagocytes that drive host defense via microbial killing, are now emerging as critical drivers of immunity in vivo. Here, we summarize, the latest advancement in inflammasome, gasdermin, and cell death signaling in neutrophils. We discuss the mechanisms by which neutrophils resist caspase‐1‐dependent pyroptosis, the lytic function of gasdermin D and E during NETosis and Yersinia infection, and the contribution of neutrophil inflammasomes to inflammatory disorders.
Closure of oro‐antral fistulae in conjunction with functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A systematic review and retrospective analysis
Authors: Aruede Glenda , Smart Keith , Mustafa Shakir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAn oro‐antral communication (OAC) is a recognised potential complication of maxillary tooth extraction. If it does not resolve, a pathological epithelialised tract or oro‐antral fistula (OAF) can develop. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether OAF closure with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) provides an effective approach for total closure and relief of sinusitis.Material and MethodsThe systematic review followed the PRISMA format. An electronic database search was performed to identify publications in English between 2010 and 2020, containing human subjects with radiographic evidence of sinus pathology, relating to OAF formation following extraction, and simultaneous OAF closure with FESS. Success was measured as total closure and relief of symptoms after 3 weeks. A retrospective analysis of patients within the Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board that fit the eligibility criteria over a 5‐year period was conducted and compared with the results of the review.ResultsFive papers were included in the review, covering 86 OAFs, with an overall success rate of 97.7% (84/86). Two patients required revision surgery, due to recurrent OAFs, who were both diabetic and smokers. A total of 13 patients met the case series' inclusion criteria, and 100% success was achieved. A minor complication of post‐operative nasal synechia arose in 4/99 (4.0%) patients. Evidence‐based guidance was created for local dentists encountering an acute OAC.ConclusionsOAF closure with FESS can be considered a highly effective approach, leaving patients symptom‐free. It is important that protocols are in place for dentists suspecting an OAC to expedite patient management.
Genome sequence and population genomics provide insights into chromosomal evolution and phytochemical innovation of Hippophae rhamnoides
Authors: Yu Liyang , Diao Songfeng , Zhang Guoyun , Yu Jigao , Zhang Tong , Luo Hongmei , Duan Aiguo , Wang Jinpeng , He Caiyun , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPlants of the Elaeagnaceae family are widely used to treat various health disorders owing to their natural phytochemicals. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an economically and ecologically important species within the family with richness of biologically and pharmacologically active substances. Here, we present a chromosome‐level genome assembly of seabuckthorn (http://hipp.shengxin.ren/), the first genome sequence of Elaeagnaceae, which has a total length of 849.04 Mb with scaffold N50 of 69.52 Mb and 30 864 annotated genes. Two sequential tetraploidizations with one occurring ~36‐41 million years ago (Mya) and the last ~24–27 Mya were inferred, resulting in expansion of genes related to ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation. Comparative genomic analysis reconstructed the evolutionary trajectories of the seabuckthorn genome with the predicted ancestral genome of 14 proto‐chromosomes. Comparative transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses identified some key genes contributing to high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ascorbic acid (AsA). Additionally, we generated and analysed 55 whole‐genome sequences of diverse accessions, and identified 9.80 million genetic variants in the seabuckthorn germplasms. Intriguingly, genes in selective sweep regions identified through population genomic analysis appeared to contribute to the richness of AsA and fatty acid in seabuckthorn fruits, among which GalLDH, GMPase and ACC, TER were the potentially major‐effect causative genes controlling AsA and fatty acid content of the fruit, respectively. Our research offers novel insights into the molecular basis underlying phytochemical innovation of seabuckthorn, and provides valuable resources for exploring the evolution of the Elaeagnaceae family and molecular breeding.
Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms
Authors: Kitamoto Sho , Kamada Nobuhiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHumans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth–gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.
Dendritic cells a critical link to alveolar bone loss and systemic disease risk in periodontitis: Immunotherapeutic implications
Authors: El‐Awady Ahmed R. , Elashiry Mahmoud , Morandini Ana C. , Meghil Mohamed M. , Cutler Christopher W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtensive research in humans and animal models has begun to unravel the complex mechanisms that drive the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis. Neutrophils mount an early and rapid response to the subgingival oral microbiome, producing destructive enzymes to kill microbes. Chemokines and cytokines are released that attract macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells to the site. Dendritic cells, the focus of this review, are professional antigen‐presenting cells on the front line of immune surveillance. Dendritic cells consist of multiple subsets that reside in the epithelium, connective tissues, and major organs. Our work in humans and mice established that myeloid dendritic cells are mobilized in periodontitis. This occurs in lymphoid and nonlymphoid oral tissues, in the bloodstream, and in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Moreover, the dendritic cells mature in situ in gingival lamina propria, forming immune conjugates with cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T cells, called oral lymphoid foci. At such foci, the decisions are made as to whether to promote bone destructive T helper 17 or bone‐sparing regulatory T cell responses. Interestingly, dendritic cells lack potent enzymes and reactive oxygen species needed to kill and degrade endocytosed microbes. The keystone pathogen P. gingivalis exploits this vulnerability by invading dendritic cells in the tissues and peripheral blood using its distinct fimbrial adhesins. This promotes pathogen dissemination and inflammatory disease at distant sites, such as atherosclerotic plaques. Interestingly, our recent studies indicate that such P. gingivalis–infected dendritic cells release nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, in higher numbers than uninfected dendritic cells do. Secreted exosomes and inflammasome‐related cytokines are a key feature of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Exosomes communicate in paracrine with neighboring stromal cells and immune cells to promote and amplify cellular senescence. We have shown that dendritic cell–derived exosomes can be custom tailored to target and reprogram specific immune cells responsible for inflammatory bone loss in mice. The long‐term goal of these immunotherapeutic approaches, ongoing in our laboratory and others, is to promote human health and longevity.