bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway management for one lung ventilation during COVID-19 pandemic: a survey within Italian anesthesiologists
Authors: Rispoli Marco , Piccioni Federico , Di Giacinto Ida , Cortese Gerardo , Falcetta Stefano , Massullo Domenico , Fiorelli Silvia , Zdravkovic Ivana , Coccia Cecilia , Rosboch Giulio , Corcione Antonio , Sorbello Massimiliano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Airway management for thoracic surgery represents a high risk setting for SARS-CoV-2 infection diffusion due to complex and invasive airway instrumentation and techniques.

Results
An 18-item questionnaire was submitted to the 56 members of the Thoracic subcommittee of the SIAARTI Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Research Group to provide a snapshot of current situation and national variability of devices and procedures for airway management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The response rate was 64%. Eighty-three percent of anesthetists declared that they modified their airway management strategies. The Hospital Management considered necessary to provide a complete level 3 personal protective equipment for thoracic anesthetists only in 47% of cases. Double-lumen tube and bronchial blocker were preferred by 53% and 22% of responders to achieve one-lung ventilation respectively. Over 90% of responders considered the videolaryngoscope with separate screen and rapid sequence induction/intubation useful to minimize the infection risk. Thirty-nine percent of participants considered mandatory the bronchoscopic check of airway devices. Vivasight-DL was considered comfortable by more than 50% of responders while protective box and plastic drape were judged as uncomfortable by most of anesthetists.

Conclusions
The survey reveals many changes in the clinical practice due to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A certain diffusion of new devices such as the VivaSight-DL and barrier enclosure systems emerged too. Finally, we found that most of Italian hospitals did not recognize thoracic anesthesia as a high-risk specialty for risk of virus diffusion.
Use of Biosimilar Medications in Oncology
Authors: Nahleh Zeina , Lyman Gary H. , Schilsky Richard L. , Peterson Douglas E. , Tagawa Scott T. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Rumble R. Bryan , Gupta Shilpi 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: The increased number and expanded utilization of biosimilars raise important considerations for their safe and appropriate use in oncology practice. This report provides an update on currently approved oncology biosimilars and identifies current knowledge gaps in the management of patients with cancer. METHODS: An Expert Panel was convened to review the medical literature and to provide a practical summary of currently approved biosimilar therapeutics for cancer treatment or supportive care in the United States. RESULTS: A total of 17 cancer or cancer-related biosimilar products have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since 2015. Despite years of clinical experience with oncology biosimilars, variance in their use persists. ASCO supports that biosimilars and reference products are considered equally efficacious for the purpose of inclusion in ASCO clinical practice guideline recommendations. CONCLUSION: The use of biosimilars might provide competitive, lower-cost alternatives to biologics used in cancer care, and specific mention in ASCO guidelines and other evidence products is supported where appropriate.
Role of ZBTB38 Genotype and Expression in Growth and Response to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment
Authors: Parsons Samuel , Stevens Adam , Whatmore Andrew , Clayton Peter E , Murray Philip G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZBTB38 have been associated with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and adult height.

Objective
This study sought to (a) characterize the phenotype of ISS patients and their response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) by ZBTB38 SNP genotype; (b) describe the relationship of ZBTB38 expression with normal growth; and (c) describe the in vitro effects of ZBTB38 knockdown on cell proliferation and MCM10 expression.

Methods
The genotype-phenotype relationship of rs6764769 and rs724016 were explored in 261 ISS patients and effects of genotype on response to rhGH were assessed in 93 patients treated with rhGH. The relationship between age and ZBTB38 expression was assessed in 87 normal children and young adults. Knockdown of ZBTB38 in SiHA cells was achieved with siRNAs and cell proliferation assessed with a WST-8 assay.

Results
We found that rs6764769 and rs724016 are in linkage disequilibrium. The rs724016 GG genotype was associated with lower birth length (P = 0.01) and a lower change in height SDS over the first year of treatment (P = 0.02). ZBTB38 expression was positively correlated with age (P &lt; 0.001). siRNA-mediated knockdown of ZBTB38 resulted in increased cell proliferation at 72 and 96 hours posttransfection but did not alter expression of MCM10.

Conclusions
SNPs within ZBTB38 associated with ISS are linked to higher birth size within a cohort of ISS patients and a better response to rhGH therapy while ZBTB38 expression is positively related to age.
Human balance control in 3D running based on virtual pivot point concept
Authors: Firouzi Vahid , Bahrami Fariba , Sharbafi Maziar A. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Balance control is one of the crucial challenges in bipedal locomotion. Humans need to maintain their trunk upright while the body behaves like an inverted pendulum which is inherently unstable. As an alternative, the virtual pivot point (VPP) concept introduced a new virtual pendulum model to the human balance control paradigm by analyzing the ground reaction forces (GRFs) in the body coordinate frame. This paper presents novel VPP-based analyses of the postural stability of human running in 3D space. We demonstrate the relationship between the VPP position and the gait speed. The experimental results suggest different control strategies in frontal and sagittal planes. The GRFs intersect below the center of mass in the sagittal plane and above the center of mass in the frontal plane. These VPP locations are found for the sagittal and frontal planes at all running speeds. We introduced a 3D VPP-based model which can replicate the kinematic and kinetic behavior of human running. The similarity between the experimental and simulation results indicates the ability of the VPP concept to predict human balance control in running and support its applicability for gait assistance.
Government plans in the 2016 and 2021 Peruvian presidential elections: A natural language processing analysis of the health chapters
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Lovón-Melgarejo Jesús 
Published: January 2022

Background: While clinical medicine has exploded, electronic health records for Natural Language Processing (NLP) analyses, public health, and health policy research have not yet adopted these algorithms. We aimed to dissect the health chapters of the government plans of the 2016 and 2021 Peruvian presidential elections, and to compare different NLP algorithms. Methods: From the government plans (18 in 2016; 19 in 2021) we extracted each sentence from the health chapters. We used five NLP algorithms to extract keywords and phrases from each plan: Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), TextRank, Keywords Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (KeyBERT), and Rapid Automatic Keywords Extraction (Rake). Results: In 2016 we analysed 630 sentences, whereas in 2021 there were 1,685 sentences. The TF-IDF algorithm showed that in 2016, 22 terms appeared with a frequency of 0.05 or greater, while in 2021 27 terms met this criterion. The LDA algorithm defined two groups. The first included terms related to things the population would receive (e.g., ’insurance’), while the second included terms about the health system (e.g., ’capacity’). In 2021, most of the government plans belonged to the second group. The TextRank analysis provided keywords showing that ’universal health coverage’ appeared frequently in 2016, while in 2021 keywords about the COVID-19 pandemic were often found. The KeyBERT algorithm provided keywords based on the context of the text. These keywords identified some underlying characteristics of the political party (e.g., political spectrum such as left-wing). The Rake algorithm delivered phrases, in which we found ’universal health coverage’ in 2016 and 2021. Conclusion: The NLP analysis could be used to inform on the underlying priorities in each government plan. NLP analysis could also be included in research of health policies and politics during general elections and provide informative summaries for the general population.
Iron supplementation of breastfed Gambian infants from 6 weeks to 6 months of age: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stelle Isabella , Bah Mamadou , Silverio Sergio A. , Verhoef Hans , Comma Ebrima , Prentice Andrew M. , Moore Sophie E. , Cerami Carla 
Published: January 2022

Background: A recent analysis showed that plasma iron concentrations decline rapidly from birth in Gambian infants, irrespective of sex or birthweight, to concentrations well below normal expected values for iron-replete children older than two months of age (typically >10 μmol/L). The development and function of neural and immune cells may thus be compromised before the minimum age at which children should receive iron supplementation as per World Health Organisation recommendations. Methods: This study is a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised superiority trial. Infants will be randomised to receive iron drops (7.5mg/day of iron as ferrous sulphate) or placebo daily for 98 days, to test the impact on serum iron concentrations in healthy, breastfed infants (n = 100) aged 6-10 weeks at enrolment. Participants will be visited daily and supplemented by the field team. Daily health and weekly breastfeeding questionnaires will be administered. Anthropometry, and venous blood and faecal samples will be collected at enrolment and after 98 days of supplementation with serum iron as the primary endpoint. Low birthweight (less than 2.5kg at birth) and infants born prematurely (< 37 weeks) will not be excluded. Formula-fed and infants with any illness will be excluded. An additional study exploring maternal stakeholder perspectives of the intervention will be conducted by means of maternal interviews and four focus group discussions with local stakeholders. Discussion: Most breast-fed Gambian infants have very low circulating iron levels by five months of age. This study will introduce iron supplements much earlier in infancy than has previously been attempted in a low-income setting with the primary aim of increasing serum iron concentration. Trial registration: Clincaltrials.gov (NCT04751994); 12th February 2021
Commentary on “Visualization in Operations Management Research”: Incorporating Statistical Thinking into Visualization Practices for Decision Making in Operational Management
Authors: Tanaka Emi , Leung Jessica Wai Yin , Cook Dianne 
Published: January 2022

Supplemental Material: The software that supports this study and helped produce the figures are available within the paper at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2021.0008 or are supplied at https://emitanaka.org/supp-visOM/ , or the same version at Code Ocean available here http://doi.org/10.24433/CO.2743770.v1 . Data Ethics Statement: The data used for the plots are synthetic data supplied by Basole et al. (2021) .
On-chip silicon nano-slab photodetector integrated wavelength division de-multiplexer in the 850  nm band
Authors: Chatterjee Avijit , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar 
Published: January 2022

We present an on-chip photodetector integrated wavelength filter on a SiN-on-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform in the 850 nm wavelength window. The wavelength filter is designed using an echelle grating with a distributed Bragg reflector as the grating reflectors. We present the design and experimental realization of a six-channel wavelength filter with a channel spacing of 10 nm. Experimentally, we achieve an insertion loss of 4.3 dB and an adjacent channel cross talk of 22 dB. We demonstrate a silicon nano-slab waveguide integrated metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector with a maximum responsivity of 0.56 A/W and dark current of 217 nA. Furthermore, we demonstrate the integration of the echelle grating with the detector and show the feasibility of a CMOS compatible SiN-on-SOI platform for various applications, including short-reach communication and sensing applications.
Tailoring the terahertz far-field radiation pattern based on asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized waves in metasurface tiles
Authors: Pavithra M. , Ravichandran K. , Subramanian V. , Ouyang Zhengbiao , Yogesh N. 
Published: January 2022

Asymmetric transmission (AT) of linearly polarized electromagnetic (e-m) waves is a well-known phenomenon in metamaterial (MTM) structures, where transverse electric (TE) to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization conversion (and vice versa) is not the same for forward (FW)/backward (BW) excitations. In this work, we explore the linear AT phenomenon of a metasurface (MS) for controlling terahertz (THz) far-field radiation patterns. An MS formed by a bi-layered metal design exhibits strong linear AT with the magnitude of 0.5 in the frequency range of 4.4 THz to 5.1 THz, and a maximum AT of 0.67 is observed at 4.953 THz. Through full-wave e-m simulations and surface current analysis, the mechanism for the observed linear AT is validated for the proposed MS structure. Based on the linear AT, three different MS tiles are constructed for controlling THz far-field radiation patterns. It is found that the proposed tiles significantly alter the electric field pattern, 3 dB angular bandwidth, and sidelobe levels of THz far-fields for FW/BW excitations. We indicate that simultaneous controlling of the amplitude and polarization of far-field radiation patterns is essential for THz imaging, communication, and spectroscopic applications.
Conformal frequency conversion for arbitrary vectorial structured light
Authors: Wu Hai-Jun , Yu Bing-Shi , Zhu Zhi-Han , Gao Wei , Ding Dong-Sheng , Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Hu Xiao-Peng , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Shen Yijie , Shi Bao-Sen 
Published: January 2022

Vectorial structured light with spatially varying amplitude, phase, and polarization is reshaping many areas of modern optics, including nonlinear optics, as diverse parametric processes can be used to explore interactions between such complex vector fields, extending the frontiers of optics to new physical phenomena. However, the most basic nonlinear application (i.e., frequency conversion), still remains challenging for vectorial structured light since parametric processes are polarization dependent, leading to a change in the spatial topological structure of signals. In this work, to break this fundamental limit, we propose a conformal frequency conversion scheme that allows the full spatial structure of vectorial structured light to be maintained in the conversion. We systematically examine its spatial polarization independence based on nondegenerate sum-frequency generation with type-0 phase matching. This proof-of-principle demonstration paves the way for a wide range of applications that require conformal frequency conversion, and, particularly, to implement frequency interfaces with multimodal communications channels, high-dimensional quantum states, and polarization-resolved upconversion imaging.
Clinical impact of vivax malaria: A collection review
Authors: Phyo Aung Pyae , Dahal Prabin , Mayxay Mayfong , Ashley Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPlasmodium vivaxinfects an estimated 7 million people every year. Previously, vivax malaria was perceived as a benign condition, particularly when compared to falciparum malaria. Reports of the severe clinical impacts of vivax malaria have been increasing over the last decade.Methods and findingsWe describe the main clinical impacts of vivax malaria, incorporating a rapid systematic review of severe disease with meta-analysis of data from studies with clearly defined denominators, stratified by hospitalization status. Severe anemia is a serious consequence of relapsing infections in children in endemic areas, in whom vivax malaria causes increased morbidity and mortality and impaired school performance.P.vivaxinfection in pregnancy is associated with maternal anemia, prematurity, fetal loss, and low birth weight. More than 11,658 patients with severe vivax malaria have been reported since 1929, with 15,954 manifestations of severe malaria, of which only 7,157 (45%) conformed to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria. Out of 423 articles, 311 (74%) were published since 2010. In a random-effects meta-analysis of 85 studies, 68 of which were in hospitalized patients with vivax malaria, we estimated the proportion of patients with WHO-defined severe disease as 0.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19% to 2.57%] in all patients with vivax malaria and 7.11% [95% CI 4.30% to 11.55%] in hospitalized patients. We estimated the mortality from vivax malaria as 0.01% [95% CI 0.00% to 0.07%] in all patients and 0.56% [95% CI 0.35% to 0.92%] in hospital settings. WHO-defined cerebral, respiratory, and renal severe complications were generally estimated to occur in fewer than 0.5% patients in all included studies. Limitations of this review include the observational nature and small size of most of the studies of severe vivax malaria, high heterogeneity of included studies which were predominantly in hospitalized patients (who were therefore more likely to be severely unwell), and high risk of bias including small study effects.ConclusionsYoung children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to adverse clinical impacts of vivax malaria, and preventing infections and relapse in this groups is a priority. Substantial evidence of severe presentations of vivax malaria has accrued over the last 10 years, but reporting is inconsistent. There are major knowledge gaps, for example, limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and the reason for the heterogenous geographical distribution of reported complications. An adapted case definition of severe vivax malaria would facilitate surveillance and future research to better understand this condition.
The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Achievements in relation to WHO road map targets for 2020
Authors: Franco Jose R. , Cecchi Giuliano , Paone Massimo , Diarra Abdoulaye , Grout Lise , Kadima Ebeja Augustin , Simarro Pere P. , Zhao Weining , Argaw Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Background
In the 20th century, epidemics of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) ravaged communities in a number of African countries. The latest surge in disease transmission was recorded in the late 1990s, with more than 35,000 cases reported annually in 1997 and 1998. In 2013, after more than a decade of sustained control efforts and steady progress, the World Health Assembly resolved to target the elimination of HAT as a public health problem by 2020. We report here on recent progress towards this goal.

Methodology/principal findings
With 992 and 663 cases reported in 2019 and 2020 respectively, the first global target was amply achieved (i.e. fewer than 2,000 HAT cases/year). Areas at moderate or higher risk of HAT, where more than 1 case/10,000 people/year are reported, shrunk to 120,000 km2 for the five-year period 2016–2020. This reduction of 83% from the 2000–2004 baseline (i.e. 709,000 km2) is slightly below the target (i.e. 90% reduction). As a result, the second global target for HAT elimination as a public health problem cannot be considered fully achieved yet. The number of health facilities able to diagnose and treat HAT expanded (+9.6% compared to a 2019 survey), thus reinforcing the capacity for passive detection and improving epidemiological knowledge of the disease. Active surveillance for gambiense HAT was sustained. In particular, 2.8 million people were actively screened in 2019 and 1.6 million in 2020, the decrease in 2020 being mainly caused by COVID-19-related restrictions. Togo and Côte d’Ivoire were the first countries to be validated for achieving elimination of HAT as a public health problem at the national level; applications from three additional countries are under review by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Conclusions/significance
The steady progress towards the elimination of HAT is a testament to the power of multi-stakeholder commitment and coordination. At the end of 2020, the World Health Assembly endorsed a new road map for 2021–2030 that set new bold targets for neglected tropical diseases. While rhodesiense HAT remains among the diseases targeted for elimination as a public health problem, gambiense HAT is targeted for elimination of transmission. The goal for gambiense HAT is expected to be particularly arduous, as it might be hindered by cryptic reservoirs and a number of other challenges (e.g. further integration of HAT surveillance and control into national health systems, availability of skilled health care workers, development of more effective and adapted tools, and funding for and coordination of elimination efforts).
Clinical characteristics and disease course of splanchnic vein thrombosis in gastrointestinal cancers: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Minsu , Suh Koung Jin , Kim Ji-Won , Byun Ja Min , Kim Jin Won , Lee Ji Yun , Lee Jeong-Ok , Bang Soo-Mee , Kim Yu Jung , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Jee Hyun , Lee Jong Seok , Lee Keun-Wook 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SpVT) in solid tumors has not been well investigated. Therefore, the treatment guidelines for SpVT are not well established. We aimed to conduct this prospective study to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors influencing survival in patients with gastrointestinal cancer with SpVT.

Materials and methods
Fifty-one patients with gastrointestinal cancer diagnosed with SpVT were prospectively enrolled. The clinical characteristics and courses of SpVT were analyzed.

Results
SpVT occurred in various clinical situations (at the time of initial cancer diagnosis or tumor recurrence after curative therapy, in the postoperative period, during chemotherapy, or in the period of end-of-life care). Among the total patients, 90.2% had no SpVT-related symptoms at initial SpVT diagnosis, and 82.4% did not receive any anticoagulation therapy. The clinical course of SpVT during the follow-up varied: (1) spontaneous resorption without any anticoagulation (47.1%), (2) resorption with anticoagulation (3.9%), (3) persistent thrombosis without progression (17.6%), and (4) SpVT extension (31.4%). Although the SpVT showed extension in some cases, most of them did not cause symptoms or had little impact on the patient’s cancer treatment course. During the follow-up period, 23 patients died, all of which were caused by tumor progression. In the multivariable analysis, performance status and clinical situation at the time of SpVT diagnosis were significant prognostic factors.

Conclusions
Clinicians could adopt a strategy of close observation for incidentally detected SpVT in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Anticoagulation should be considered only for SpVT cases selected strictly, weighing the risks and benefits.