bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Predictors of Successful Early Career to Independent Funding Conversion Among Surgeon-Scientists
Authors: Keswani Sonya S. , Short Walker D. , Mehl Steven C. , Singampalli Kavya L. , Parikh Umang M. , Potturu Meghana , Masri Leighanna , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Cheng Lily S. , King Alice , Lee Timothy C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) provides research funding to scientists at different stages of their career through a range of grant awards. Early-stage researchers are eligible for mentored Career Development (K) awards, to aid in the transition to independent NIH funding. Factors such as education, subspecialty, and time to funding have been studied as predictors of obtaining independent awards in nonsurgical specialties. However, in surgery, the importance of these factors has yet to be clearly elucidated. We aim to identify predictors of K to independent award conversion among surgeon-scientists to understand how to better support early-stage researchers transitioning to independent careers.Materials and MethodsIn July 2020, the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools database was queried for individuals affiliated with surgery departments who received NIH Career Development Awards (between 2000 and 2020). The following factors were analyzed: publications, institution, degrees, year of completion of training, and gender.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2020, 228 surgeons received K Awards, of which 44% transitioned to independent funding. On average, surgeons received a K award 4.0 years after completing fellowship training and an independent award 5.4 years after receiving a K grant. The time to receiving a K award was predictive of successfully achieving independent funding, and those with independent funding had a significantly greater number of publications per year of their K-award.ConclusionSurgeons successful in transitioning to independent NIH awards do so approximately 9 years after finishing fellowship. Publication track record is the main factor associated with successful conversion from a K award. Surgery departments should emphasize manuscript productivity and develop strategies to minimize time to independent funding to help K-awardees begin independent research careers.
Different patterns of visual processing for shapes in V1 of mouse and monkey
Authors: Yehoshua Eve Ben , Slovin Hamutal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, mice became a popular research model for the visual system including objects processing. However, while primates use their fovea to inspect objects at high resolution, mice have low visual acuity and lack a foveal region. Thus, how objects are encoded in the visual cortex of mice and whether monkeys and mice use similar neural mechanisms to discriminate between shapes, is unknown. Using voltage sensitive dye imaging, we investigated spatio-temporal patterns of population response in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice and monkeys to shape contours. Neural responses in mice showed blurred spatial patterns, low correlation to the original stimuli and only subtle spatial differences between the shapes. In contrast, the neural responses in monkey’s V1 fovea, showed prominent differences between the shapes at sub-degree resolution with high resemblance to the original shapes, in agreement with a topographic code. Furthermore, the spatial patterns of neural synchronization in monkey’s V1 suggested contour binding by synchrony, but not in mice V1. Finally, monkey’s V1 responses at larger eccentricities, resembled more to those in mice. These results may suggest that to discriminate between shapes, mice rely on neural processing of low-level cues, whereas monkeys rely more on a topographic code.
Rapid and accurate identification of Escherichia coli STEC O157:H7 by mass spectrometry, artificial intelligence and detection of specific biomarkers peaks
Authors: Eduardo Manfredi , Florencia Rocca María , Jonathan Zintgraff , Lucía Irazu , Elizabeth Miliwebsky , Carolina Carbonari , Natalia Deza , Monica Prieto , Isabel Chinen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe different pathotypes of Escherichia can produce a large number of human diseases. Surveillance becomes complex since their differentiation are not easy.Particularly, the detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157:H7 consists of stool culture of a diarrheal sample in enrichment and/or selective media, identification of presumptive colonies and confirmation by Multiplex PCR technique for the genotypic characterization of serogroup O157 and Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), in addition to the traditional biochemical identification.All of these procedures are laborious, require a certain level of training, are time consuming and expensive. Among the currently most widely used methodologies, MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass detection), allows a quick and easy way to obtain a protein spectrum of a microorganism, not only in order to identify the genus and species, but also the discovery of potential biomarker peaks of a certain characteristic. In the present work, the information obtained from 60 clinical isolates was used to detect peptide fingerprints of STEC O157:H7 and other diarrheagenic E. coli. The differences found in the protein profiles of the different pathotypes established the foundations for the development and evaluation of classification models through automated training.The application of the Biomarkers in combination with the predictive models on a new set of samples (n=142), achieved 99.3% of correct classifications, allowing the distinction between STEC O157:H7 isolates from the other diarrheal Escherichia coli.Therefore, given that STEC O157:H7 is the main causal agent of haemolytic uremic syndrome and based on the performance values obtained in the present work (Sensitivity=98.5% and Specificity=100%), this development could be a useful tool for diagnosis of the disease in clinical microbiology laboratories.
ShrinkCRISPR : A flexible method for differential fitness analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 screen data
Authors: Tissier Renaud L.M. , van Schie Janne J.M. , Wolthuis Rob M.F. , de Lange job , de Menezes Renée X. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCRISPR screens provide large-scale assessment of cellular gene functions. Pooled libraries typically consist of several single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) per gene, for a large number of genes, which are transduced in such a way that every cell receives at most one sgRNA, resulting in the disruption of a single gene in that cell. This approach is often used to investigate effects on cellular fitness, by measuring sgRNA abundance at different time points. Comparing gene knockout effects between different cell populations is challenging due to variable cell-type specific parameters and between replicates variation. Failure to take those into account can lead to inflated or false discoveries.We propose a new, flexible approach called ShrinkCRISPR that can take into account multiple sources of variation. Impact on cellular fitness between conditions is inferred by using a mixed-effects model, which allows to test for gene-knockout effects while taking into account sgRNA-specific variation. Estimates are obtained using an empirical Bayesian approach. ShrinkCRISPR can be applied to a variety of experimental designs, including multiple factors. In simulation studies, we compared ShrinkCRISPR results with those of drugZ and MAGeCK, common methods used to detect differential effect on cell fitness. ShrinkCRISPR yielded as many true discoveries as drugZ using a paired screen design, and outperformed both drugZ and MAGeCK for an independent screen design. Although conservative, ShrinkCRISPR was the only approach that kept false discoveries under control at the desired level, for both designs. Using data from several publicly available screens, we showed that ShrinkCRISPR can take data for several time points into account simultaneously, helping to detect early and late differential effects.ShrinkCRISPR is a robust and flexible approach, able to incorporate different sources of variations and to test for differential effect on cell fitness at the gene level. These improve power to find effects on cell fitness, while keeping multiple testing under the correct control level and helping to improve reproducibility. ShrinkCrispr can be applied to different study designs and incorporate multiple time points, making it a complete and reliable tool to analyze CRISPR screen data.
Work–life balance indicators and talent management approach: a qualitative investigation of Indian luxury hotels
Authors: Budhiraja Sunil , Varkkey Biju , McKenna Stephen 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the study is twofold: (1) it captures the work–life balance (WLB) experiences of front-office employees to inductively classify a set of WLB indicators for the locally owned Indian luxury hotels and (2) it further examines the existing WLB practices of the select hotels with the lens of talent management (TM) approach of key human resource management (HRM) practices (Thunnissen, 2016).Design/methodology/approachTo explore and classify WLB indicators, an exploratory, qualitative approach is utilized by administering seven focus group discussions involving 70 front-office employees working in Indian luxury hotels. Seven in-depth interviews with HR professionals were triangulated with secondary data to capture and analyse the existing WLB practices of sampled organizations.FindingsFour clusters of WLB indicators that are grounded in the lived experiences of front-office employees are identified and presented. Interview data from human resource representatives unveil that hotels consider existing WLB practices as key HRM practices with an inclusive TM approach. The findings also surface the differences in expectations of front-office employees and WLB practices followed by the hotels.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the paper addresses the issue of WLB from employees’ perspective which is crucial for designing effective WLB practices. Second, the paper contributes to the existing TM literature from the perspective of WLB practices.Originality/valueThe originality of the study is grounded in the employees’ lived experiences to classify the WLB indicators for India and further examine the WLB practices through the lens of the TM approach.
A manager's stewardship identification in Brazilian family firms: the role of controls' design and procedural justice
Authors: Mucci Daniel Magalhaes , Jorissen Ann , Frezatti Fábio 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe paper investigates whether a family firm's control context is directly associated with a manager's stewardship attitude or whether this relationship is mediated by the manager's perception with respect to the fairness of the control processes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have sent a survey to family businesses in Brazil. The authors tested the hypotheses with the data collected from 141 responding family and nonfamily managers with the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses (SmartPLS).FindingsThe authors find that more participative and more formal controls are associated with higher procedural justice perceptions. Zooming in on the types of control, namely forward-looking action controls, like target setting (TS), and backward-looking results controls, like performance measurement (PM), the authors observe that TS is significantly positively associated with stewardship identification through a manager's procedural justice perceptions for both control characteristics (partial mediation for participative TS and full mediation for formal TS). PM on the other hand is only significantly directly related to a stewardship identification if it is of a participative character. In addition, the authors find a significant moderating effect of family affiliation, increasing the strength of the association between PM procedural justice and stewardship identification for nonfamily managers.Originality/valuePrior literature focused on discussing stewardship attitudes and behaviors in family firms, but few provided empirical evidence that a stewardship attitude in a family firm is associated with contextual factors, like the design of controls in family firms in combination with a manager's individual perception of family firm's process factors.
Is it still possible to reduce population salt intake in the absence of adequate national policies and regulations? A social marketing intervention
Authors: Soleymani Nejad Marzeyeh , Keshavarz-Mohammadi Nastaran , Omidvar Nasrin , Zayeri Farid 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
High salt intake is one of the most important causes of some serious health problems. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a salt intake reduction intervention based on social marketing model in Ahwaz city, Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
This was a before-after study with a control group using social marketing approach. Two similar residential complexes were chosen and randomly assigned into intervention or control groups. One hundred and thirty women were selected in each complex. Formative research was conducted, including focus group discussions (FGDs), a survey to identify cognitive factors of salt intake and a 24-h urine test to estimate salt intake value. Based on the results of the formative research, an intervention was planned and implemented for one month in the intervention group. The postintervention assessment was conducted repeating the cognitive survey and urine test. Statistical tests, including independent T-Test and paired T-Test, were used to compare the experimental and control groups.

Findings
Before the intervention mean salt intake levels were 8,574.41 and 8,282.23 mg/day in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The total mean scores of cognitive and behavioral factors were 25.32 and 26.41 out of 59 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. After the intervention in the intervention group, daily salt intake decreased significantly by 1,558.83 mg/day and mean total scores of cognitive and behavioral factors increased significantly by 10.73.

Research limitations/implications
Due to sodium excretion fluctuations in different days and/or different people, estimating sodium excretion based on one-day sample may have bias. Still, 24-h urine test is the most effective method to estimate population mean salt intake which is used in this study.

Practical implications
The authors could not investigate urine sodium levels in other family members due to resource limitations. Knowing this could help us to see if similar results are achieved.

Originality/value
Despite the lack of public policies to decrease population salt intake, interventions based on social marketing can significantly reduce salt intake. However, the long-term effect of such interventions will require further investigation.
A strategy for integrating hillside dwelling design and automated construction techniques
Authors: Tong Philip , Wilhelm Hans-Christian 
Published: April 2022

PurposeSloping topographies in urban areas are often under-utilised due to complex designs and difficult access, resulting in low construction productivity and high cost. Automated construction techniques are usually limited to flat sites or lab spaces. This research combines concepts for automated and prefabricated construction with hillside dwelling design. It proposes a strategy to integrate both aspects and to equally inform design process and design output. The aims are to turn hillside access and construction automation into design generators, improve productivity and use more affordable hillside sites.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of typologies for hillside housing and automated construction techniques is used to derive principles and parameters to inform a strategy and generative script for setting out, volumetric disposition and access and using the topography as a design-generator. The output from the generative script and tool can then form the basis of a high-density, low-rise dwelling development suited for serial, automation-assisted construction. The strategy is tested on a case study site.FindingsThe typological analysis helps devising strategies for integrating construction robotics and design criteria for hillside housing. The generative script illustrates how a strategy is implemented and used in a design tool able to absorb varying input data, including topographies. This generates innovative, site-specific design outcomes, suited for a process that adapts contemporary construction automation techniques and allows for more efficient use of hillside sites.Originality/valueThis research builds on construction automation methods and proposes novel combinations and adaptations for use on hillside sites. It demonstrates how robotics and generative tools can inform early design stages.
National Olympic Committee sponsorship in small states: a case study with a focus on the Caribbean region
Authors: Kim Jeeyoon , Delia Elizabeth , Walsh Patrick 
Published: April 2022

PurposeNational Olympic Committees (NOCs) in small states operate in a unique market (e.g. small population, confined market and limited private sector) that brings challenges in securing sponsors and funding athletes. Whereas more than a quarter of International Olympic Committee (IOC)-recognized NOCs represent small states, not much is known about the sponsorship landscape in the market. This study explores the importance and challenges of NOC sponsorship in small states, with a focus on the Caribbean region.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with representatives from NOCs in Caribbean small states. Textual analyses were conducted with Leximancer to identify key themes on the importance and challenges of NOC sponsorship.FindingsAthletes, funding and community were identified as key themes for the importance of NOC sponsorship. Olympic Movement, time, priority, resources and overcome were themes for sponsorship challenges. Compared to existing sponsorship knowledge driven from developed economies, known determinants for the sponsor's decision-making (e.g. interest in sport, competitor) were found to affect NOC sponsorship in Caribbean small states, but in distinctive ways. Particularly, the lacking appreciation of Olympic values and sport within society, resource constraints (e.g. volunteer-based and operating “within reality”) and competition against member federations and government were highlighted as unique situations/challenges faced in the market.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to explore NOC sponsorship in the important, yet overlooked, market of Caribbean small states. Theoretical insights on how existing sponsorship knowledge applies to and practical implications for securing NOC sponsorship in the marginalized market are provided.
The decline of home‐cooked food
Authors: Griffith Rachel , Jin Wenchao (Michelle) , Lechene Valérie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe share of home‐cooked food in the diet of UK households declined from the 1980s. This was contemporaneous with a decline in the market price of ingredients for home cooking relative to ready‐to‐eat foods. We consider a simple model of food consumption and time use that captures the key driving forces behind these apparently conflicting trends. We show that observed behaviour can be rationalised by the fact that the shadow price of home‐cooked food, which accounts for the fact that cooking takes time, has risen relative to the price of ready‐to‐eat food, due to the increase in the market value of time of secondary earners. We discuss the implications for policies that aim to encourage healthier diets.
The effect of neuroimmune modulation on subjective response to alcohol in the natural environment
Authors: Meredith Lindsay R. , Grodin Erica N. , Montoya Amanda K. , Miranda Robert , Squeglia Lindsay M. , Towns Brandon , Evans Christopher , Ray Lara A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the promising implications for novel immune therapeutics, few clinical trials have tested these therapies to date. An understanding of how immune pharmacotherapies influence complex alcohol use disorder (AUD) profiles, including subjective response to alcohol, is very limited. Initial findings show that ibudilast, a neuroimmune modulator, reduces rates of heavy drinking and measures of alcohol craving.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of a 2‐week clinical trial of ibudilast that enrolled a nontreatment‐seeking sample with AUD. Eligible participants (N = 52) were randomized to receive ibudilast or matched placebo and completed daily diary assessments (DDAs) during the 2‐week period. Each morning, participants reported on their mood and craving levels both before and during the previous day's drinking episode, as well as stimulation and sedation levels during the previous day's drinking episode. Multilevel models were used to compare the effects of ibudilast and placebo on subjective alcohol response. Exploratory analyses tested whether ibudilast moderated the relationship between daily stimulation/sedation and alcohol intake and whether withdrawal‐related dysphoria moderated ibudilast's effects on subjective response.ResultsIbudilast did not significantly alter mean levels of stimulation or sedation (p's > 0.05). It did, however, moderate the effect of daily stimulation on drinking (p = 0.045). Ibudilast attenuated alcohol‐induced increases in craving compared with placebo (p = 0.047), but not other subjective response measures. Ibudilast significantly tempered daily alcohol‐induced changes in urge to drink and positive mood only among individuals without withdrawal‐related dysphoria.ConclusionsIbudilast's effects on subjective alcohol responses appear to be nuanced and perhaps most salient for individuals drinking for positive reinforcement as distinguished from those who drink to feel normal. Consistent with previous findings, reductions in alcohol craving may represent a primary mechanism of ibudilast's effects on drinking. The ecologically valid nature of DDAs provide a clinically useful window into how individuals experience alcohol's effects while taking ibudilast.
Editorial: delayed gastric emptying as an independent predictor of mortality in gastroparesis—it is clinically relevant after all!
Authors: Karunaratne Tennekoon B. , Sharma Amol 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Gourcerol et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16827 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16885
Letter: potential selection bias in the real‐world comparison of ustekinumab versus vedolizumab as a second‐line treatment for Crohn’s disease
Authors: Adomi Motohiko , Ray Avik 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lenti et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16742 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16896