bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in measuring nitrogen isotope signatures in inorganic nitrogen forms: An interlaboratory comparison of three common measurement approaches
Authors: Biasi Christina , Jokinen Simo , Prommer Judith , Ambus Per , Dörsch Peter , Yu Longfei , Granger Steve , Boeckx Pascal , Van Nieuland Katja , Brüggemann Nicolas , Wissel Holger , Voropaev Andrey , Zilberman Tami , Jäntti Helena , Trubnikova Tatiana , Welti Nina , Voigt Carolina , Gebus‐Czupyt Beata , Czupyt Zbigniew , Wanek Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

RationaleStable isotope approaches are increasingly applied to better understand the cycling of inorganic nitrogen (Ni) forms, key limiting nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. A systematic comparison of the accuracy and precision of the most commonly used methods to analyze δ15N in NO3− and NH4+ and interlaboratory comparison tests to evaluate the comparability of isotope results between laboratories are, however, still lacking.MethodsHere, we conducted an interlaboratory comparison involving 10 European laboratories to compare different methods and laboratory performance to measure δ15N in NO3− and NH4+. The approaches tested were (a) microdiffusion (MD), (b) chemical conversion (CM), which transforms Ni to either N2O (CM‐N2O) or N2 (CM‐N2), and (c) the denitrifier (DN) methods.ResultsThe study showed that standards in their single forms were reasonably replicated by the different methods and laboratories, with laboratories applying CM‐N2O performing superior for both NO3− and NH4+, followed by DN. Laboratories using MD significantly underestimated the “true” values due to incomplete recovery and also those using CM‐N2 showed issues with isotope fractionation. Most methods and laboratories underestimated the at%15N of Ni of labeled standards in their single forms, but relative errors were within maximal 6% deviation from the real value and therefore acceptable. The results showed further that MD is strongly biased by nonspecificity. The results of the environmental samples were generally highly variable, with standard deviations (SD) of up to ± 8.4‰ for NO3− and ± 32.9‰ for NH4+; SDs within laboratories were found to be considerably lower (on average 3.1‰). The variability could not be connected to any single factor but next to errors due to blank contamination, isotope normalization, and fractionation, and also matrix effects and analytical errors have to be considered.ConclusionsThe inconsistency among all methods and laboratories raises concern about reported δ15N values particularly from environmental samples.
Differentially private resilient distributed cooperative online estimation over digraphs
Authors: Wang Jimin , Zhang Ji‐Feng , Liu Xiao‐Kang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article investigates resilient distributed online estimation (DOE) in unreliable directed networks with differential privacy requirements. In the network considered, some agents are subject to Byzantine attacks and thus could send arbitrary incorrect messages to their neighbors. The remaining agents aim to collaboratively estimate the value of an unknown vector parameter while protecting their private data. In this article, by adding private noises to mask the estimate, a stochastic approximation‐type resilient differentially private DOE algorithm is proposed to protect the privacy of sensitive information. A time‐varying step size is introduced to attenuate the divergence caused by the private noise, and furthermore, guarantees the convergence of the algorithm. When the directed graph is +1)‐robust, the algorithm is shown to be both mean square and almost sure convergence in the sense of ‐differential privacy. A simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm.
Self‐triggered predictive control of nonlinear systems using approximation model
Authors: Yang Lixing , Dauchert Samuel A. , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article studies discrete‐time model predictive control of continuous‐time nonlinear systems with measurement noises and exogenous disturbances. We consider the co‐design of discrete‐time finite horizon optimal control problem (FHOCP) and the associated self‐triggering schemes that schedule the time instants for sampling the state and computing the FHOCP. The state‐dependent nature of the self‐triggered scheduling can not only dynamically adjust the inter‐sampling period according to the system status, but dynamically discretize the model used in the FHOCP as well, in order to reduce the complexity of the FHOCP if designed appropriately. It is shown that the system can be stabilized with uniform ultimate boundedness, as long as the scheduling scheme matches the approximation model such that the one‐step approximation error between the predicted state and the actual state is below a threshold related to the cost function. These results can be applied to most existing model approximation methods with either fixed or time‐varying sampling rates.
Design and implementation of the new Italian healthcare digital interoperable registry for implantable medical devices
Authors: Bacocco Duilio Luca , Carrani Eugenio , Ciciani Bruno , Di Sanzo Pierangelo , Leotta Francesco , Torre Marina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNowadays, the role played by registries in monitoring and improving healthcare, including the quality of medical devices, is widely recognized. A well‐designed digital healthcare registry, in particular regarding data collection procedures and tools, can effectively support goals such as monitoring a (large) population subject to a specific condition, describing the natural history of diseases, supporting observational study methods, as well as evaluating the clinical effectiveness or cost effectiveness of healthcare products and services. This article describes the architecture of a new platform implementing a digital interoperable healthcare registry, the Italian Implantable Prostheses Registry (RIPI). One of the main goals of RIPI is to provide reliable and high‐quality data for monitoring surgery outcomes, performing survival analysis, assessing the safety of devices and procedures, and supporting the traceability of patients. The article focuses on the key aspects and choices that guided the design and implementation processes of the new platform. Most of the design choices came from specific requirements to fulfill, in particular concerning data quality, access policy, interoperability, extensibility and modularity. Overall, the article discusses the main challenges and the adopted solutions, proposing a design perspective and describing an experience of interest for computer scientists, engineers and practitioners, in particular in the area of healthcare information systems.
Curative‐intent minimal ostectomy for canine oral osteoma
Authors: Thompson Jamie‐Leigh , Malbon Alexandra , Hall Jon L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo dogs were referred for the investigation and treatment of incidentally identified oral osteomas. Recurrence following incomplete excision of osteoma is likely, and traditionally, the recommended treatment is surgical excision with 2 cm margins. Both dogs underwent surgical excision with a minimum 1 mm margin using a high‐speed bur. This novel surgical approach allowed complete excision while preserving functionality and normal appearance in both dogs. No complications were reported, and no recurrence was observed in the subsequent 24 months. Marginal ostectomy should be considered as a surgical option for benign osteoma of the mandible and maxilla with the possibility of curative‐intent resection, minimising morbidity, simplifying surgery and preserving cosmesis.
Climate change impacts on rainfed agriculture and mitigation strategies for sustainable agricultural management: A case study of Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Bhatti Ahmad Zeeshan , Farooque Aitazaz Ahsan , Krouglicof Nicholas , Peters Wayne , Li Qing , Acharya Bishnu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRainfed agriculture in Prince Edward Island is affected by climatic changes like warming, seasonal shifts, varying precipitations, and reducing water availabilities, all questioning its sustainability. Projecting future scenarios was critically important; therefore, spatiotemporal variations in potential evapotranspiration (PET), crop water requirements (CWRs), effective rainfall (ER), supplemental irrigation requirements (SIR), and sustainable water availabilities (SWAs) were analyzed. Average annual PET was predicted to insignificantly increase (3% to 6%) under RCP4.5 during the next 30–60 years, with two to four times increase in colder months (January–April) and a significant reduction during August–December. Accordingly, historical CWR of potatoes (currently ~425 mm) would decrease by 5% to 9%, except for the least likely RCP8.5 scenario, which projects ~10% increase in 2051–2080. That, and changes in ER, would cause SIR to decrease to 50–90 mm in normal years, but two to three times higher during dry years, and almost no SIR in wet years. Spatially, SIR increases by ~40 mm from east to west and is expected to be higher in 2021–2050 than 2051–2080. Monthly SIR ranges in normal years would be July: 02–36 mm, August: 31–48 mm, and September 04–20 mm. Existing water policy allows pumping up to 20% of yearly recharges (annual SWA) and up to 35% of summer's streams baseflows (summer SWA). Despite insignificant reductions in annual SWA (3% to 17%) for the next 30–60 years, summer SWA may be reduced 38% to 50% due to temporal redistribution. Even in dry years, the reduced amounts would still be sufficient to fulfill SIR in the eastern forest‐dominated Bear River watershed and SIR in normal years in the central zone; however, they would not be enough to enable the entire cultivated area of western zone. In normal years, SIR would consume: 5% to 6%, 27% to 37%, and 63% to 79% of annual SWA in the eastern, central, and western zones, respectively. Sprinkler irrigation to meet SIR is challenging, more economic evaluations and policy adaptations are needed for sustainable agricultural management.
The reaction of CH3NH2with SnX2, CH3NH3SnX3(X=Cl, Br, I), and BiI3– The first Sn(II)‐Ammine complexes as intermediates
Authors: Krummer Michael , Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn order to understand the “molten salt approach” for CH3NH3PbI3, we have investigated the interaction of gaseous CH3NH2with PbX2(X=Cl, Br, I) and MAPbX3(MA=CH3NH3+;X=Cl, Br, I) and characterised the first ammine complexes of Pb(II). In continuation, we have extended our work to the corresponding Sn(II) halides, i. e. SnX2(X=Cl, Br, I) and MASnX3(X=Cl, Br, I). WithX=iodine we have obtained cubic [Sn(CH3NH2)6]I2, which is isotypic to the lead compounds withX=I and Br showing a close similarity to the K2PtCl6type due to the octahedra [Sn(CH3NH2)6]2+. Release of CH3NH2yields [Sn(CH3NH2)4I]I. Here, Sn2+is fivefold coordinated by 4 CH3NH2ligands and one I−as a square pyramid with the I−in an equatorial position. Charge neutrality is achieved by a second I−anion with a significant longer distance of 4.29 Å, completing the square pyramid to a distorted octahedron. WithX=Br and Cl, only one compound forms, Sn(CH3NH2)5Br2and Sn(CH3NH2)5Cl2, respectively. Both structures are isotypic and crystallize in an orthorhombic structure with square‐pyramidal [Sn(CH3NH2)5]2+units. For all representatives with mixed ligands, the interaction withX−is significantly weaker than with CH3NH2. H‐bridges N−H⋅⋅⋅Xcontribute to the interaction between the Sn(CH3NH2)4X2units. All compounds show high sensitivity to moisture and limited thermal stability. They decompose in air to CH3NH3Xand a white amorphous residue, probably Sn(OH)X. The reaction of CH3NH2with BiI3results in (CH3NH3)4(CH3NH2)BiI7according to traces of moisture.
Udeskole—Regular Teaching Outside the Classroom
Authors: Barfod Karen , Mygind Erik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen teaching practise is changed, the working procedures and challenges of the teachers are changed too. In this chapter, we turn the lens on the teachers and the teaching practise inudeskole. It is often the teachers who decide, if the education should take place outside the classroom or not, and their experience is important for the provision ofudeskole. Nearly a fifth of all Danish schools have at least one class practisingudeskole, (Barfod et al., 2021) but howudeskoleis implemented is very much dependent on the individual teacher’s desire, pedagogical approach, competence and motivation. Teachers often feel motivated by mastering or re-conquering their professional identity as teachers by practicingudeskole, but they also often feel isolated among colleagues. It is motivativating for teachers to teach outside the classroom as it is in accordance with their beliefs that pupil’s wellbeing, motivation and learning are improved. They are happy to be able to practise varied teaching, be outdoors and together with pupils in different ways, often creating a ‘common third’ situation. At the same time, teachers express how they are challenged by the time used inventing outdoor teaching activities themselves, and by adapting to practical aspects ofudeskolesuch as weather conditions and clothing. Previous studies have shown how teachers who start teachingudeskolerelate to both potentials and challenges. However, there is limited knowledge of professional attitudes and pedagogical perspectives among teachers who have taughtudeskolefor several years. In this chapter we share our research and knowledge about barriers and challenges among experiencedudeskoleteachers. The results are mainly based on the TEACHOUT research study.
Natural Connections: Learning About Outdoor-Based Learning
Authors: Passy Rowena , Blackwell Ian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter reports on the findings of the Natural Connections Demonstration project (2012–2016), the largest outdoor-based learning project in the UK. Pupil feedback showed that children felt ‘happy and healthy’ when they were learning outside and, drawing largely on our case-study research, we explore the imaginative and often innovative curriculum-based approaches and lessons initiated in project schools. We discuss how these approaches highlight both the opportunities and limitations of outdoor-based learning, arguing that teacher continuing professional development is the key to high-quality teaching and learning. We conclude with recommendations to school leaders and teaching staff.
Refueling Students in Flight: Lessons in Nature May Boost Subsequent Classroom Engagement
Authors: Kuo Ming , Browning Matthew H. E. M. , Penner Milbert L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTeachers wishing to offer lessons in nature may hold back for fear of leaving students keyed up and unable to concentrate in subsequent, indoor lessons. This study tested the hypothesis that lessons in nature have positive—not negative—aftereffects on subsequent classroom engagement. Using carefully matched pairs of lessons (one in a relatively natural outdoor setting and one indoors), we observed subsequent classroom engagement during an indoor instructional period, replicating these comparisons over 10 different topics and weeks in the school year, in each of two third grade classrooms. Pairs were roughly balanced in how often the outdoor lesson preceded or followed the classroom lesson. Classroom engagement was significantly better after lessons in nature than after their matched counterparts for four of the five measures developed for this study. This nature advantage held for teacher ratings; third-party tallies of ‘redirects’ (the number of times the teacher stopped instruction to direct student attention back to the task at hand); independent, photo-based ratings made blind to condition; and a composite index of classroom engagement, but not for student ratings. The nature advantage held across different teachers and held equally over the initial and final five weeks of lessons. The nature advantage was large: after a lesson in nature, ‘redirects’ were roughly half as frequent, allowing teachers to teach for longer periods uninterrupted. In 48 out of 100 paired comparisons, the nature lesson was a full standard deviation better than its classroom counterpart; in 20 of the 48, the nature lesson was over two standard deviations better. Because the pairs of lessons were matched on teacher, class (students and classroom), topic, teaching style, week of the semester, and time of day, the advantage of the nature-based lessons could not be attributed to any of these factors. It appears that, far from leaving students too keyed up to concentrate afterward, lessons in nature may leave students more able to engage in the next lesson. Such “refueling in flight” argues for including more lessons in nature in formal education.
How to Raise the Standards of Outdoor Learning and Its Research
Authors: Jucker Rolf 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe review summarised here found that there is no comprehensive or regular (repeated) survey of the scale of outdoor learning in the UK. There are some studies of specific outdoor learning activities (e.g., of particular types, or in particular parts of the UK). In these, some authors express concern about barriers to delivering outdoor learning and a reduction in outdoor learning. With respect to the current research base, the review revealed that the quality of research methodology and design is overall rather limited. The studies analysed for the review provide extensive evidence of the effects of outdoor learning. However, the effect sizes of outdoor learning are mostly small to moderate. Most robust effects found are non-educational outcomes such as attitudes, skills and relationship to nature. Educational attainment is seriously under-researched, so there is a mismatch between research topics and the pressure for schools to reach educational outcomes. Longer programmes seem more effective and strong benefits are associated with well-designed preparatory and follow-up work. Practitioners mostly lack a mental model or theory of change for their educational intervention, which severely limits what can be reasonably said about its impact. Recommendations therefore include for practitioners to develop theories of change, for researchers to create a system to regularly capture high quality baseline data and for all actors concerned to prioritise important research topics and develop an open access culture.
Simple powerful robust tests based on sign depth
Authors: Leckey Kevin , Malcherczyk Dennis , Horn Melanie , Müller Christine H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUp to now, powerful outlier robust tests for linear models are based on M-estimators and are quite complicated. On the other hand, the simple robust classical sign test usually provides very bad power for certain alternatives. We present a generalization of the sign test which is similarly easy to comprehend but much more powerful. It is based on K-sign depth, shortly denoted by K-depth. These so-called K-depth tests are motivated by simplicial regression depth, but are not restricted to regression problems. They can be applied as soon as the true model leads to independent residuals with median equal to zero. Moreover, general hypotheses on the unknown parameter vector can be tested. While the 2-depth test, i.e. the K-depth test for $$K = 2$$

K
=
2

, is equivalent to the classical sign test, K-depth test with $$K\ge 3$$

K
≥
3

turn out to be much more powerful in many applications. A drawback of the K-depth test is its fairly high computational effort when implemented naively. However, we show how this inherent computational complexity can be reduced. In order to see why K-depth tests with $$K\ge 3$$

K
≥
3

are more powerful than the classical sign test, we discuss the asymptotic behavior of its test statistic for residual vectors with only few sign changes, which is in particular the case for some alternatives the classical sign test cannot reject. In contrast, we also consider residual vectors with alternating signs, representing models that fit the data very well. Finally, we demonstrate the good power of the K-depth tests for some examples including high-dimensional multiple regression.
Video connecting families and social robots: from ideas to practices putting technology to work
Authors: Schwaninger Isabel , Carros Felix , Weiss Astrid , Wulf Volker , Fitzpatrick Geraldine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTechnology use is a socially embedded process, especially when it comes to older adults and care. However, the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have limited social contact to protect vulnerable groups in care homes, and even if technology use has increased in other areas, there is little known about the potential uptake of communication technology and changes in social interaction in the care context during a lasting crisis. This paper explores changes in communication technology use triggered by the pandemic at two care homes, using a qualitative diary study, online interviews and observations, and in-situ interviews within the care home with residents and workers. Our findings point to increasing use of tablets and video conference software triggered by COVID-related experiences, with implications for living and working in care homes. We also characterise the isolation experience of the residents, the workers’ concerns about the residents and changes in social interaction. We observed new areas of technology usage, associated changing work practices, technical affinity issues and context-specific attitudes towards future technologies. While the pandemic has triggered the use of communication technology in care homes on a small scale, this has also caused increasing workload and in particular articulation work, which requires support structures and the re-definition of work roles.
Coupling solid and fluid stresses with brain tumour growth and white matter tract deformations in a neuroimaging-informed model
Authors: Lucci Giulio , Agosti Abramo , Ciarletta Pasquale , Giverso Chiara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrain tumours are among the deadliest types of cancer, since they display a strong ability to invade the surrounding tissues and an extensive resistance to common therapeutic treatments. It is therefore important to reproduce the heterogeneity of brain microstructure through mathematical and computational models, that can provide powerful instruments to investigate cancer progression. However, only a few models include a proper mechanical and constitutive description of brain tissue, which instead may be relevant to predict the progression of the pathology and to analyse the reorganization of healthy tissues occurring during tumour growth and, possibly, after surgical resection. Motivated by the need to enrich the description of brain cancer growth through mechanics, in this paper we present a mathematical multiphase model that explicitly includes brain hyperelasticity. We find that our mechanical description allows to evaluate the impact of the growing tumour mass on the surrounding healthy tissue, quantifying the displacements, deformations, and stresses induced by its proliferation. At the same time, the knowledge of the mechanical variables may be used to model the stress-induced inhibition of growth, as well as to properly modify the preferential directions of white matter tracts as a consequence of deformations caused by the tumour. Finally, the simulations of our model are implemented in a personalized framework, which allows to incorporate the realistic brain geometry, the patient-specific diffusion and permeability tensors reconstructed from imaging data and to modify them as a consequence of the mechanical deformation due to cancer growth.