bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer patient positioning using synthetic CT data in MRI‐only radiation therapy
Authors: Palmér Emilia , Nordström Fredrik , Karlsson Anna , Petruson Karin , Ljungberg Maria , Sohlin Maja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe accuracy and precision of patient positioning is crucial in radiotherapy; however, there are no publications available using synthetic computed tomography (sCT) that evaluate rotations in head and neck (H&N) patients positioning or the effect of translation and rotation combined. The aim of this work was to evaluate the differences between using sCT with the CT for 2D‐ and 3D‐patient positioning in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐only workflow.MethodsThis study included 14 H&N cancer patients, with generated sCT data (MRI Planner v2.2) and the CT deformably registered to the MRI. Patient positioning was evaluated by comparing sCT against CT data: 3D cone beam CT (CBCT) was registered to the deformed CT (dCT) and sCT in six degrees of freedom (DoF) with a rigid auto‐registration algorithm and bone threshold, and 2D deformed digital reconstructed radiographs (dDRR) and synthetic DRRs (sDRR) were manually registered to orthogonal projections in five DoF by six blinded observers. The difference in displacement in all DoF were calculated for dCT and sCT, as well as for dDRR and sDRR. The interobserver variation was evaluated by separate application of the paired dDRR and sDRR registration matrices to the original coordinates of the planning target volume (PTV) structures and calculation of the Euclidean distance between the corresponding points. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was calculated between dDRR/sDRR‐registered PTVs.ResultsThe mean difference in patient positioning using CBCT was <0.7 mm and <0.3° and using orthogonal projections <0.4 mm and <0.2° in all directions. The maximum Euclidean distance was 5.1 mm, the corresponding mean (1SD) Euclidean distance and mean DSC were 3.5 ± 0.7 mm and 0.93, respectively.ConclusionsThis study shows that the sCT‐based patient positioning gives a comparable result with that based on CT images, allowing sCT to replace CT as reference for patient treatment positioning.
Memory distrust is related to memory errors, self‐esteem, and personality
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Otgaar Henry , Wang Jianqin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch on memory distrust and nonbelieved memory (NBM) both stress the importance of belief in memory but no previous research has brought these fields together. In the present study, we examined how trait memory distrust is associated with false memory and NBM, self‐esteem as well as personality traits. Through two studies (N1 = 280, N2 = 77, we found that higher memory distrust was associated with higher false memory as well as NBM frequency, and lower self‐esteem. As for personality traits, people who were high on agreeableness, openness, or conscientiousness had lower memory distrust. Explorative mediation analyses showed significant indirect effects of self‐esteem on false memory (Study 1a and Study 2) and NBM (Study 2) through memory distrust. We conclude that memory distrust could be conducive to the formation of false memory and NBM under social conditions where one's memory is challenged.
Tumor Microenvironment Activated Chemodynamic–Photodynamic Therapy by Multistage Self‐Assembly Engineered Protein Nanomedicine
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , He Meijuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Yu Hongwei , Liu Jiawei , Guo Yi , Zhang Junmin , Ren Xiangzhong , Wang Han , Zhao Yanli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in fighting cancer, developing an activable ROS‐generating system to achieve highly specific cancer therapy with minimum side effects to normal tissues remains challenging. This work reports the development of a tumor microenvironment‐activable ROS‐generating system via multistage self‐assembly engineered protein‐based nanomedicine containing cascade enzymes and photosensitizers. The multistage self‐assembly‐induced aggregation not only prevents the premature exposure of cascade enzymes to produce toxic by‐products in noncancerous sites, but also quenches the photosensitizers to diminish skin phototoxicity, contributing to effective self‐protection of normal tissues. Once triggered by the intratumoral reduction microenvironment, the aggregation effect is unlocked to expose cascade enzymes and recover the photosensitivity, which can decompose intratumor glucose for hydroxyl radical generation and respond to external laser irradiation for singlet oxygen production respectively, realizing tumor‐specific chemodynamic–photodynamic combinational therapy. This work demonstrates a protein‐based multistage self‐assembly approach for ROS‐mediated cancer‐specific therapy with effective self‐protection, offering a powerful strategy for nanomedicine design and more precise cancer therapy.
A High Conductivity 1D π–d Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework with Efficient Polysulfide Trapping‐Diffusion‐Catalysis in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Dawei , Liang Zhifu , Tang Pengyi , Zhang Chaoqi , Tang Mingxue , Li Qizhen , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Li Junshan , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Xu Ming , Llorca Jordi , Arbiol Jordi , Morante Joan Ramon , Chou Shu‐Lei , Cabot Andreu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of the intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPS) represent the main obstructions to the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a 1D π–d conjugated metal–organic framework (MOF), Ni‐MOF‐1D, is presented as an efficient sulfur host to overcome these limitations. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ni‐MOF‐1D is characterized by a remarkable binding strength for trapping soluble LiPS species. Ni‐MOF‐1D also acts as an effective catalyst for S reduction during the discharge process and Li2S oxidation during the charging process. In addition, the delocalization of electrons in the π–d system of Ni‐MOF‐1D provides a superior electrical conductivity to improve electron transfer. Thus, cathodes based on Ni‐MOF‐1D enable LSBs with excellent performance, for example, impressive cycling stability with over 82% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 3 C, superior rate performance of 575 mAh g−1 at 8 C, and a high areal capacity of 6.63 mAh cm−2 under raised sulfur loading of 6.7 mg cm−2. The strategies and advantages here demonstrated can be extended to a broader range of π–d conjugated MOFs materials, which the authors believe have a high potential as sulfur hosts in LSBs.
Retina‐Inspired Color‐Cognitive Learning via Chromatically Controllable Mixed Quantum Dot Synaptic Transistor Arrays
Authors: Jo Chanho , Kim Jaehyun , Kwak Jee Young , Kwon Sung Min , Park Joon Bee , Kim Jeehoon , Park Gyeong‐Su , Kim Myung‐Gil , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArtificial photonic synapses are emerging as a promising implementation to emulate the human visual cognitive system by consolidating a series of processes for sensing and memorizing visual information into one system. In particular, mimicking retinal functions such as multispectral color perception and controllable nonvolatility is important for realizing artificial visual systems. However, many studies to date have focused on monochromatic‐light‐based photonic synapses, and thus, the emulation of color discrimination capability remains an important challenge for visual intelligence. Here, an artificial multispectral color recognition system by employing heterojunction photosynaptic transistors consisting of ratio‐controllable mixed quantum dot (M‐QD) photoabsorbers and metal‐oxide semiconducting channels is proposed. The biological photoreceptor inspires M‐QD photoabsorbers with a precisely designed red (R), green (G), and blue (B)‐QD ratio, enabling full‐range visible color recognition with high photo‐to‐electric conversion efficiency. In addition, adjustable synaptic plasticity by modulating gate bias allows multiple nonvolatile‐to‐volatile memory conversion, leading to chromatic control in the artificial photonic synapse. To ensure the viability of the developed proof of concept, a 7 × 7 pixelated photonic synapse array capable of performing outstanding color image recognition based on adjustable wavelength‐dependent volatility conversion is demonstrated.
Clinical implications of lymphadenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the body or tail of the pancreas
Authors: Minagawa Takuya , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Sasaki Keiko , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe appropriate extent of lymphadenectomy for pancreatic cancer of the body/tail has not been standardized worldwide. The present study evaluated the optimal extent of harvesting lymph nodes.MethodsPatients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subclassified into three groups depending on the tumor location: pancreatic body (Pb), proximal pancreatic tail (Ptp), and distal pancreatic tail (Ptd). The pancreatic tail was further divided into even sections of Ptp and Ptd. Patterns of lymph node metastasis and the impact of lymph node metastasis on the prognosis were examined.ResultsA total of 120 patients were evaluated. Fifty‐eight patients had a tumor in the Pb, 38 in the Ptp, and 24 in the Ptd. No patients with a Ptd tumor had metastasis beyond the peripancreatic and splenic hilar lymph nodes (LN‐PSH). All patients with metastasis to the lymph nodes along the common hepatic artery (LN‐CHA) or along the left lateral superior mesenteric artery (LN‐SMA) also had metastasis to the LN‐PSH. Recurrence after surgery occurred significantly earlier in this population. In a multivariate analysis, metastasis to the LN‐CHA or LN‐SMA (hazard ratio [HR] 3.3; P = .04) was an independent risk factor for overall survival. Furthermore, high levels of preoperative serum CA19‐9 (HR 10.9; P = .013) were a predictive factor for metastasis to the LN‐CHA or LN‐SMA.ConclusionsMetastasis to the LN‐CHA or LN‐SMA was rare but a significant prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic body/tail cancer.
Gastight rotating cylinder electrode: Toward decoupling mass transport and intrinsic kinetics in electrocatalysis
Authors: Jang Joonbaek , Rüscher Martina , Winzely Maximilian , Morales‐Guio Carlos G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecoupling and understanding the various mass, charge, and heat transport phenomena involved in the electrocatalytic transformation of small molecules (i.e., CO2, CO, H2, N2, NH3, O2, and CH4) is challenging but it can be readily achieved using dimensionless quantities (i.e., Reynolds, Sherwood, Schmidt, Damköhler, Nusselt, Prandtl, and Peclet Numbers) to simplify the characterization of systems with multiple interacting physical phenomena. Herein we report the development of a gastight rotating cylinder electrode cell with well‐defined mass transport characteristics that can be applied to experimentally decouple mass transfer effects from intrinsic kinetics in electrocatalytic systems. The gastight rotating cylinder electrode cell enables the dimensionless analysis of electrocatalytic systems and should enable the rigorous research and development of electrocatalytic technologies.
Gastrointestinal morphology and ontogeny of foregut‐fermenting primates
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Takano Tomo , Shintaku Yuta , Clauss Marcus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesColobines are a group of foregut‐fermenting AfroEurasian monkeys that includes more than 70 species grouped into 10 genera which are widely distributed throughout Asia and Africa. Colobines are classified as tripartite or quadripartite based on the number of compartments in their stomach. To expand our understanding of their morphophysiological digestive characteristics, we attempted to visualize their stomach using photographs, examine the ontogenetic development of gastrointestinal size, and evaluate the interspecific differences in gastrointestinal size relative to the body size with a special reference to differences in stomach types.Materials and MethodsGastrointestinal tracts were dissected from 144 deceased colobine specimens in the Japan Monkey Centre stored in formalin. We measured the gastrointestinal tracts of nine species with a tripartite stomach and two species with a quadripartite stomach. We used an allometric linear regression model to establish how body mass was related to stomach weights and all intestine lengths.Results and discussionOur results support previous findings about primate and colobine macroscopic digestive tracts. In particular, we document the small size of the openings connecting stomach compartments and found that it may be difficult to differentiate between a bulging haustrated pouch and a real praesaccus. The stomach mass analyses indicated hyperallometric stomach growth in colobine infants as opposed to isometric scaling in juvenile specimens and hypoallometric scaling in mature specimens, which is similar to findings in other foregut fermenters. Stomach weight was greater in species with quadripartite stomachs than in species with tripartite stomachs, which suggests that species with a quadripartite stomach possibly have a larger stomach capacity, supporting the concept of their evolutionary adaptation to folivory.
Inhibition of ACE2‐Spike Interaction by an ACE2 Binder Suppresses SARS‐CoV‐2 Entry
Authors: Shin Young‐Hee , Jeong Kiyoung , Lee Jihye , Lee Hyo Jung , Yim Junhyeong , Kim Jonghoon , Kim Seungtaek , Park Seung Bum 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants is a significant concern in developing effective therapeutics and vaccines in the middle of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we have identified a novel small molecule that inhibited the interactions between SARS‐CoV‐2 spike RBDs and ACE2 by modulating ACE2 without impairing its enzymatic activity necessary for normal physiological functions. Furthermore, the identified compounds suppressed viral infection in cultured cells by inhibiting the entry of ancestral and variant SARS‐CoV‐2. Our study suggests that targeting ACE2 could be a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into host cells and prevent the development of COVID‐19.
A Facile Potential Hold Method for Fostering an Inorganic Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Anode‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Shin Woochul , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnode‐free lithium batteries are regarded as an ultimate form of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, irreversible lithium loss during cycling plays a major role in degrading the overall cell performance in the anode‐free configuration. To alleviate the deterioration, building a robust solid‐electrolyte interface on an anode current collector is an indispensable requirement. Here, we present a facile in‐situ electrochemical method of a potential hold during the first charge to guide more salt‐derived (less solvent‐derived) decomposition on the anode interface. We show the distinctive decomposition potential of lithium salts and ether/carbonate solvents, where the Li‐solvation structures with salt contact‐ion‐pairs preferentially decompose to form LiF‐rich and less organic components, leading to enhanced lithium Coulombic efficiency in Li||Cu cells as well as mitigating the capacity fade of Cu||LiFePO4 and Cu||LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cells.
A Metallofullertube of Ce2@C100 with a Carbon Nanotube Segment: Synthesis, Single‐Molecule Conductance and Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Li Wang , Qu Fayu , Liu Linshan , Zhang Zhuxia , Liang Jiayi , Lu Yuxi , Zhang Jie , Wang Lin , Wang Chunru , Wang Taishan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTubular fullerenes can be considered as end‐capped carbon nanotubes with accurate structure, which are promising nanocarbon materials for advanced single‐molecule electronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a metallofullertube Ce2@D5(450)‐C100, which has a tubular C100 cage with a carbon nanotube segment and two fullerene end‐caps. As there are structure correlations between tubular Ce2@D5(450)‐C100 and spherical Ce2@Ih‐C80, their structure–property relationship has been compared by means of experimental and theoretical methods. Notably, single‐molecule conductance measurement determined that the conductivity of Ce2@D5(450)‐C100 was up to eight times larger than that of Ce2@Ih‐C80. Furthermore, supramolecular assembly of Ce2@D5(450)‐C100 and a [12]CPP nanohoop was investigated, and theoretical calculations revealed that metallofullertube Ce2@D5(450)‐C100 adopted a “standing” configuration in the cavity of [12]CPP. These results demonstrate the special nature of this kind of metallofullertube.
The Role of Copper Salts and O2in the Mechanism of C≡N Bond Activation for Facilitating Nitrogen Transfer Reactions**
Authors: Ghosh Boyli , Banerjee Ambar , Roy Lisa , Manna Rabindra Nath , Nath Rounak , Paul Ankan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractC≡N bond scission can be a potential avenue for the functionalization of chemical bonds. We have conducted a computational study, using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio multireference CASSCF methods, to unravel the intricate mechanistic pathways traversed in the copper‐promoted, dioxygen‐assisted reaction for the formation of aryl isocyanate species from aryl aldehyde. This aryl isocyanate species acts as an active species for C≡N bond cleavage of coordinated cyanide anion enabling nitrogen transfer to various aldehydes. Electronic structure analysis revealed that under all the reaction conditions radical‐based pathways are operative, which is in agreement with the experimental findings. The major driving force is a CuII/Iredox cycle initiated by single‐electron transfer from the carbon center of the nitrile moiety. Our study reveals that the copper salts act as the “electron pool” in this unique nitrogen transfer reaction forming an aryl isocyanate species from aryl aldehydes.
Sodium‐Ion Battery with a Wide Operation‐Temperature Range from −70 to 100 °C
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Jianhua , Cao Yongjie , Chen Jiawei , Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), as one of the potential candidates for grid‐scale energy storage systems, are required to tackle extreme weather conditions. However, the all‐weather SIBs with a wide operation‐temperature range are rarely reported. Herein, we propose a wide‐temperature range SIB, which involves a carbon‐coated Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP@C) cathode, a bismuth (Bi) anode, and a diglyme‐based electrolyte. We demonstrate that solvated Na+ can be directly stored by the Bi anode via an alloying reaction without the de‐solvent process. Furthermore, the NFPP@C cathode exhibits a high Na+ diffusion coefficient at low temperature. As a result, the Bi//NFPP@C battery exhibits perfect low‐temperature behavior. Even at −70 °C, this battery still delivers 70.19 % of the room‐temperature capacity. Furthermore, benefitting from the high boiling point of the electrolyte, this battery also works well at a high temperature of up to 100 °C. These results are encouraging for the further exploration of wide‐temperature range SIBs.
Layered Biomimetic Composites from MXenes with Sequential Bridging
Authors: Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly is a widely used technique for the self‐assembly of layered nanocomposites from clay sheets, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanoparticles, and other materials. Other approaches for fabricating layered nanocomposites include vacuum‐assisted filtration and blade coating. They are simpler than LbL assembly, but they all introduce voids into the layered structure, thereby reducing the performance of the resulting nanocomposites. A team from Beihang University evaluated the void structure in Ti3C2Tx MXene composites and found that the fundamental problem with voids can be solved by the sequential nanoscale bonding of MXEne platelets with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose combined with covalent bridging with borate ions, thereby opening a new path to self‐assemble two‐dimensional platelets into continuous high‐performance layered nanocomposites.
“Click”‐Like η6‐Metalation/Demetalation of Aryl Iodides as a Means of Turning “ON/OFF” Halogen Bond Donor Functionality
Authors: Kelly Andrew W. , Holman K. Travis 
Published: January 2022

Abstractη6‐Metalated aryl halides are recognized as a class of halogen bond (XB) donors. Click‐like η6‐metalation/demetalation of aryl iodides by cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) ([CpRuII]+) is shown to turn ON/OFF (amplify/suppress) XB donor functionality. [CpRu(MeCN)3][PF6] is shown to react quantitatively with iodobenzenes (ArIn, n=1,2) to yield [CpRu(η6‐ArIn)][PF6] compounds. Photochemical demetalation (405 nm) quantitatively reverts these compounds to ArIn and [CpRu(MeCN)3][PF6]. Crystal structures of [CpRu(ArXn)]+ salts show that the [CpRu(ArIn)]+ cations are strong, charge‐assisted XB donors analogous to iodopyridinium cations. XB‐induced association of [CpRu(C6H5I)]+ with diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) is established by NMR spectroscopy. [CpRu(C6H5I)][BPh4] and [CpRu(1,4‐C6H4I2)][BPh4] co‐crystallize with DABCO and the structure of [CpRu(1,4‐C6H4I2)][BPh4]⋅DABCO⋅Et2O is reported. DFT calculations support amplification of the XBing capabilities of aryl iodides upon [CpRu]+‐metalation.
Identifying enablers and outcomes of circular economy for sustainable development: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sinha Ekta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCircular economy (CE) is considered as one of the most preferred ways to survive the challenges of dynamic business environment as it facilitates businesses to achieve their sustainability goals by eliminating waste creation. However, there exists limited understanding regarding the enablers to the circular business strategies (CBS) and its desired outcomes at the firm level. Existing literature is diffused and fragmented, hence no comprehensive framework exists. This work presents CBS as a second‐order construct and identifies its firm level enablers and outcomes. Unlike case‐based research, the present work is based on a systematic review of literature to present an overarching and generalized framework of CBS to achieve the CE objectives. With the help of seven major enablers and three significant outcomes to CBS, this study holds some important implications for businesses and academia. By presenting information in a scientific and organized manner, it helps them unlock the potential of various circular factors that can lead to sustainable development.