bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Commercial Ground Vehicles Using Numerical Techniques
Authors: Saxena Shreyash , G T Mahesha , G Srinivas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Automobiles of today warrants improved aerodynamic behaviour that results in low drag producing vehicles. Such optimally designed vehicles offer advantages such as better overall performance, desirable driveability, rapid response, improved stability and added fuel economy. In this paper, an attempt is made to accomplish lower drag coefficient by incorporating the dimples shape on the vehicle roof surface. Aerodynamic flow analysis was conducted with and without dimple shape effect on a bus truck trailer and commercial vehicles, using ANSYS Fluent software tool. Effect of different sized and shaped dimples on aerodynamic performance was analysed as well. Results obtained were validated with available literature and it is found that coefficient of drag obtained showed less than 10 % error. It was found that drag values were significantly reduced with dimple effect on both the commercial vehicles. Both models demonstrated that the fluid flowing on the surface did not separate from the vehicle roof, and the vortex size at the back was reduced. Further paper gives a detailed study of various parameters like turbulence model effect, pressure distribution on the vehicles, temperature and mach number variations. This study is proposed to enhance energy efficiency of the automobiles as better aerodynamics improves their mileage and fuel economy.
Heavy metal absorption in the leaves of evergreen trees (Saraca asoca and Syzygium cumini) in Kanchipuram town, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ramesh Sumathi , Gopalsamy Sriram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Plant species can be utilized for biomonitoring the quality of the environment and reform the extent of pollution in both urbanized and industrial regions. In this current study, the quantity of nine heavy metal components viz. Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb absorbed on the leaves of Saraca asoca and Syzygium cumini were examined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) during “February-March, 2019”. The samples were gathered from six different sites namely, Vellagate (Site1), CSI hospital (Site2), Near Cancer Institute (Site3), Moongilmandapam (Site4), Collectrate (Site5), Pallavarmedu (Control Site 6), of the Kanchipuram town, Tamil Nadu State. Metals Fe, Al, Zn and Mn were identified on the leaves of S.asoca and S.Cumini in all sites with varying concentrations out of which Fe (234.49mg/kg) and Al (364.18mg/kg) were higher level. Pb was identified only on the leaves of S.asoca in the sites 2 (2.21mg/kg) and site 4 (2.81mg/kg) which are subjected to heavy traffic and Cu was found only in site 3 and site 4 with minimum levels. The metals such as As, Cd, Cr was not identified on both species in all selected sites. Absorption of heavy metals on the leaves was probably due to emissions from vehicle, nonemission sources and mainly from other man-made activities. This work showed that both the selected species S.asoca and S.Cumini were suitable bio indicators, bio-monitors and used as greenbelt around the industrial areas for the mitigation of pollutants in the environment.
Automatic rainwater collecting duct
Authors: Hari B.S. , Shrivathsan V. , Tamilselvan S. , Sathiyan S.C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Today conserving water has become an important issue to solve. Despite taking numerous measures, a viable solution has yet to be discovered. Everyone should be aware of the importance of adopting a water conservation plan. Many rainwater harvesting devices were common in many regions around the world in previous years. However, there is still no reliable way for collecting high-quality rainwater. Physically controlled gadgets are difficult to manipulate according to the user’s needs. So, this project was designed as automatic rainwater collecting duct. The collecting duct contains solid waste like leave and sediments which block the pathway of the water and reduce the quality of rainwater so make the automation in that duct. First of all, the duct is in the downward position by using rain sensor will detect the rain and as the output locomotive mechanism works which rotate a duct in 180-degree upside and purely collect the rainwater after the rain stops the duct rotates another 180 degrees and it back to the initial position of downward, in this way the duct is out of the solid waste stagnant and the collected rainwater is in good quality. The collected water can be stored in a copper tank that is contaminated purely. It can be used for drinking after the first stage of the purification of rainwater.
Development of Hermaphrodite Salacca (Salacca zalacca) SNAP Marker: A Novel Conservation Tool
Authors: Prihatini Riry , Dinarti Diny , Sutanto Agus , Sudarsono  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Salacca (Salacca zalacca) or snake fruit is a tropical fruit, which is considered to be originated from Indonesia. One of the challenges in salacca conservation is the wide genetic diversity of the plants due to their natural cross-breeding. Most S. zalacca are dioecious plants by having fertile female and male flowers on different individuals, except for Salak Bali which is regarded to be monoecious. Morphological and cytogenetic markers have failed to differentiate the salacca plants’ sex types during the vegetative phase, thus the molecular marker is an alternative. We explored the specific salacca gene sequence on various sex types of salacca plants to identify sex-related single nucleotide polymorphism. The SNAP markers were then developed using the chosen SNP and validated on a total of 30 salacca samples. Nine samples of salacca’s female, male, and hermaphrodites were amplified using designed primers. The produced bands were sequenced and analyzed using Geneious Prime software. The analysis implied 9 SNPs on the 446 bp of salacca’s specific partial sequences. The SNAP markers were designed based on SNP validation showed that the marker potentially used a hermaphrodite-specific marker. The development of molecular markers as an early salacca sex type detection tool may be helpful in fruit cultivation, accelerating the plant breeding program, as well as on conservation management.
Terminalia catappa Linn Seed Yogurt with Honey Substitution for Food Security
Authors: Damayanti A , Bahlawan Z A S , Putri A , Salwa D F , Nurjaya N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tropical almond nut (Terminalia catappa Linn) seeds have potential to be developed into yogurt because has a high nutritional content. In addition, honey has potential to be used as substitute for sugar in process of making yogurt. This research aims to determine effect of variations concentration honey in Tropical almond nut seed yogurt on the protein content to achieve food security. Variation of addition honey in this research is 6% (w/v), 8% (w/v), and 10% (w/v). Analysis protein content carried out using Kjeldahl method. The results showed that protein content in Tropical almond nut seed yogurt with addition of honey with concentration of 6% (w/v) is 3.06%, 8% (w/v) is 3.11%, and 10% (w/v) is 3.116%. These results had met the requirements of Indonesian National Standards (SNI) number 2981: 2009. The highest protein content was found in yogurt with the addition of 10% (w/v) honey with analysis result of 3.13%.
A collaborative governance model for bioethanol research and innovation ecosystem
Authors: Kusumawardhani D , Asmara A Y , Purwadi  , Pradana A W , Indriasari D T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bioethanol can help Indonesia achieve its sustainability goals. Unfortunately, the success of bioethanol as Indonesia’s primary renewable energy system encounters a significant roadblock to play its strategic role as the main energy system in the country. This research investigates whether or not collaborative governance may contribute to the improvement of bioethanol as Indonesia’s significant renewable energy system from the research and innovation ecosystem perspectives. Going beyond, this research also elaborates the mechanisms and challenges. Local resources (including leadership and indigenous knowledge) and governance structures (such as social networks) as critical sectors can collaborate to create a productive cooperation. The report finds that a broader approach emphasizing transparency and breaking up the organization of the innovation ecosystem is needed so that Indonesia becomes a country with a more sustainable energy system.
Fabry disease with atypical phenotype identified by massively parallel sequencing in early-onset kidney failure
Authors: de Haan Amber , Morel Chantal F , Eijgelsheim Mark , de Jong Margriet F C , Broekroelofs Jan , Vogt Liffert , Knoers Nine V A M , de Borst Martin H 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown in ∼20% of patients with kidney failure. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) can be a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with unexplained CKD, with a diagnostic yield of 12%–56%. Here, we report the use of MPS to establish a genetic diagnosis in a 24-year-old index patient who presented with hypertension, nephrotic-range proteinuria and kidney failure of unknown origin. Additionally, we describe a second family with the same mutation presenting with early-onset CKD.ResultsIn Family 1, MPS identified a known pathogenic variant in GLA (p.Ile319Thr), and plasma globotriaosylsphingosine and α-galactosidase A activity were compatible with the diagnosis of Fabry disease (FD). Segregation analysis identified three other family members carrying the same pathogenic variant who had mild or absent kidney phenotypes. One family member was offered enzyme therapy. While FD could not be established with certainty as the cause of kidney failure in the index patient, no alternative explanation was found. In Family 2, the index patient had severe glomerulosclerosis and a kidney biopsy compatible with FD at the age of 30 years, along with cardiac involvement and a history of acroparesthesia since childhood, in keeping with a more classical Fabry phenotype.ConclusionThese findings highlight the large phenotypic heterogeneity associated with GLA mutations in FD and underline several important implications of MPS in the work-up of patients with unexplained kidney failure.
First described mitral clip in an adult extracardiac Fontan patient: a case report
Authors: Haeffele Christiane L , Lui George K , Peng Lynn , Chan Frandics , Sharma Rahul P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The use of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) in patients with advanced heart failure has been shown to reduce hospitalizations and increase survival. As patients with Fontan circulations grow older, a significant proportion of them will develop severe atrioventricular (AV) valve regurgitation in the systemic ventricle. Conventional surgical repair and transplant carry high mortality risk for the adult Fontan patient with progressive heart failure.

Case summary
A 51-year-old female extracardiac Fontan patient developed severe AV valve regurgitation and progressive functional decline. Based on her operative risk for conventional surgical intervention or transplant, TEER using the Abbott MitraClip device was performed. The degree of mitral regurgitation was decreased from severe to moderate regurgitation.

Discussion
This is the first known case describing the use of a successful TEER in an adult patient with an extracardiac Fontan. Given the increasing numbers of patients surviving into adulthood with a Fontan circulation, transcatheter interventions may provide an alternative treatment option to conventional surgeries and medical therapies.
Ten years’ experience with the sutureless aortic valve replacement: incidence and predictors for survival and valve durability at follow-up
Authors: Pollari Francesco , Mamdooh Hazem , Hitzl Wolfgang , Grossmann Irena , Vogt Ferdinand , Fischlein Theodor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Aortic valve replacement with a sutureless prosthesis [sutureless aortic valve replacement (Su-AVR)] is an option for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. However, data regarding long-term outcomes and prosthesis durability are still lacking.

METHODS
All consecutive patients who successfully underwent Su-AVR with the Perceval valve in our centre between 2010 and 2020 were included in the analysis and followed prospectively with echocardiography. Risk factor analysis was performed to assess variables associated with worse survival and bioprosthetic valve failure.

RESULTS
Study population consisted of 547 patients: the mean age was 76.4 (5.2) years, 51% were female and the mean logistic EuroSCORE was 13% (11). The median survival was 7.76 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.9–8.6]. Risk factor analysis identified age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.11; P &lt; 0.001), EuroSCORE II (HR 1.08, 1.02–1.13; P &lt; 0.001), baseline dialysis (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.4–4.4; P = 0.038) and postoperative acute kidney injury ≥2 (HR 8.97, 95% CI 4.58–17.6; P &lt; 0.001) as factors significantly correlated with worse survival. The reported HRs for age are per 1 year and for EuroSCORE II is 1 percentage point. Structural valve deterioration (SVD) was observed in 23 patients, of whom 19 underwent reintervention (median freedom from SVD 10.3 years). In multivariable Cox analysis, age (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.95; P &lt; 0.001) was found to be a significant predictor of SVD. Overall, 1.8% was referred for prosthetic valve endocarditis (confirmed or suspected) during follow-up. One patient showed moderate non-SVD and none developed prosthetic valve thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONS
The sutureless valve represents a reliable bioprosthesis for aortic valve replacement in patients with a 10-year life expectancy. Younger age at the time of implant is the only factor associated with the risk of long-term SVD.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli in Neonates and Listeria monocytogenes in Young Children with Bacterial Meningitis in Japan
Authors: Furuichi Munehiro , Yaginuma Mizuki , Shinjoh Masayoshi , Ohnishi Takuma , Takahashi Takao , Iwata Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nationwide surveillance of pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan from 2019 to 2021 revealed two uncommon situations not covered by the recommended empiric treatment that were not rare in Japan, namely, extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing-producing Escherichia coli in neonates and Listeria monocytogenes in children older than 1 month.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Syphilis Testing Rates in Emergency Departments
Authors: Erickson Jessica L , Wu Janet , Fertel Baruch S , Pallotta Andrea M , Englund Kristin , Shrestha Nabin K , Lehman Bethany 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBest practice guidelines recommend that patients at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia, should also be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis. This prospective quality assurance study aimed to increase HIV and syphilis testing rates in emergency departments (EDs) across the Cleveland Clinic Health System from January 1, 2020 through January 1, 2022.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of emergency medicine, infectious diseases, pharmacy, and microbiology personnel convened to identify barriers to HIV and syphilis testing during ED encounters at which GC/chlamydia were tested. The following interventions were implemented in response: rapid HIV testing with new a workflow for results follow-up, a standardized STI-screening order panel, and feedback to clinicians about ordering patterns.ResultsThere were 57 797 ED visits with GC/chlamydia testing completed during the study period. Human immunodeficiency virus testing was ordered at 5% of these encounters before the interventions were implemented and increased to 8%, 23%, and 36% after each successive intervention. Syphilis testing increased from 9% before the interventions to 12%, 28%, and 39% after each successive intervention. In multivariable analyses adjusted for age, gender, and location, the odds ratio for HIV and syphilis testing after all interventions was 11.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.82–12.71; P ≤.001) and 6.79 (95% CI, 6.34–7.27; P ≤.001), respectively.ConclusionsThe multidisciplinary intervention resulted in improved testing rates for HIV and syphilis.
Persistent High Burden and Mortality Associated With Advanced HIV Disease in Rural Tanzania Despite Uptake of World Health Organization “Test and Treat” Guidelines
Authors: Stöger Linda , Katende Andrew , Mapesi Herry , Kalinjuma Aneth V , van Essen Liselot , Klimkait Thomas , Battegay Manuel , Weisser Maja , Letang Emilio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInformation about burden, characteristics, predictors, and outcomes of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease (AHD) is scarce in rural settings of sub-Saharan Africa. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and associated deaths remain high despite specific guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO).MethodsBurden of AHD and 6-month death/loss to follow-up (LTFU) were described among 2498 antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naive nonpregnant people with HIV (PWH) aged &gt;15 years enrolled in the Kilombero Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort in rural Tanzania between 2013 and 2019. Baseline characteristics associated with AHD and predictors of death/LTFU among those with AHD were analyzed using multivariate logistic and Cox regression, respectively.ResultsOf the PWH, 62.2% had AHD at diagnosis (66.8% before vs 55.7% after national uptake of WHO “test and treat” guidelines in 2016). At baseline, older age, male sex, lower body mass index, elevated aminotransferase aspartate levels, severe anemia, tachycardia, decreased glomerular filtration rate, clinical complaints, impaired functional status, and enrollment into care before 2018 were independently associated with AHD. Among people with AHD, incidence of mortality, and LTFU were 16 and 34 per 100 person-years, respectively. WHO clinical stage 3 or 4, CD4 counts &lt;100 cells/µL, severe anemia, tachypnea, and liver disease were associated with death/LTFU.ConclusionsMore than 50% of PWH enrolled in our cohort after test and treat implementation still had AHD at diagnosis. Increasing HIV testing and uptake and implementation of the WHO-specific guidelines on AHD for prevention, diagnosis, treatment of opportunistic infections, and reducing the risks of LTFU are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Genital Tract Shedding After Cryotherapy for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Western Kenya
Authors: Orang’o Elkanah Omenge , Bocage Anne E , Liu Tao D , Itsura Peter M , Tonui Philip K , Muthoka Kapten , Stephen Kiptoo , Caliendo Angela M , Sam Soya S , Cu-Uvin Susan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This prospective study of 39 women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy in Western Kenya aimed to quantify genital tract HIV-1 RNA (GT-HIV RNA) shedding before and after cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Most GT-HIV RNA shedding was detected precryotherapy, suggesting that cryotherapy was not the primary cause of shedding.
Knockout ofOsSWEET15Impairs Rice Embryo Formation and Seed-Setting
Authors: Hu Zhi , Tang Zhenjia , Yang Jing , Bao Shuhui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ma Lai , Zheng Qingsong , Yang Fang , Zhang Dechun , Sun Shubin , Hu Yibing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe show that the knockout of a sugar transporter gene OsSWEET15 led to a significant drop in rice fertility with around half of the knockout mutant’s spikelets bearing blighted or empty grains. The rest of the spikelets bore fertile grains with a slightly reduced weight. Notably, the ovaries in the blighted grains of the ossweet15 mutants expanded after flowering but terminated their development before the endosperm cellularization stage and subsequently aborted. β- glucuronidase (GUS) and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter lines representing the OsSWEET15 expression showed that the gene was expressed in the endosperm tissues surrounding the embryo, which supposedly supplies nutrients to sustain embryo development. These results together with the protein’s demonstrated sucrose transport capacity and plasma membrane localization suggest that OsSWEET15 plays a prominent role during the caryopsis formation stage, probably by releasing sucrose from the endosperm to support embryo development. By contrast, the empty grains were probably caused by the reduced pollen viability of the ossweet15 mutants. Investigation of ossweet11 mutant grains revealed similar phenotypes to those observed in the ossweet15 mutants. These results indicate that both OsSWEET15 and OsSWEET11 play important and similar roles in rice pollen development, caryopsis formation and seed-setting, in addition to their function in seed-filling that was demonstrated previously.
Characteristics of Population-Based Practice in Physical Therapy
Authors: Giuffre Suzanne , Keehan Jane , Ruffing Stacy , Domholdt Elizabeth , Van De Carr Terri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Physical therapy is placing new emphasis on how the profession might contribute to improving population health. However, little is known about the nature of population-based practice (PBP) of physical therapists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a view of PBP from the perspective of physical therapists engaged in it.

Methods
Twenty-one physical therapists participating in PBP were interviewed. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used to summarize results.

Results
Most of the reported PBP was at the community and individual level, and the most common types of PBP were health teaching and coaching, collaboration and consultation, and screening and outreach. Three topic areas were identified (with respective themes): characteristics of PBP (meeting group or community needs, promotion and prevention, access, and movement), preparation for PBP (core vs elective, experiential learning, social determinants of health, and health behavior change), and rewards and challenges of PBP (intrinsic rewards, funding and resources, professional recognition, and complexity of behavior change).

Conclusion
PBP in physical therapy presents practitioners with rewards and challenges as they work to improve the health of populations.

Impact
Physical therapists who are currently engaged in PBP are, in effect, defining the role of the profession in improving health at a population level. The information in this paper will help the profession move from a theoretical view of the role of physical therapists in improving population health to understanding what this role looks like in practice.