bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunction, Labeling, and Bare Phrase Structure
Authors: Hornstein Norbert , Nunes Jairo 
Published: April 2022

The primary aim in this paper is to propose a phrase structure for adjunction that is compatible with the precepts of Bare Phrase Structure (BPS). Current accounts are at odds with the central vision of BPS and current practice leans more to descriptive eclecticism than to theoretical insight. A diagnosis for this conceptual disarray is suggested here: It stems from a deeply held though seldom formulated intuition; the tacit view that adjuncts are the abnormal case while arguments describe the grammatical norm. In actuality, it is argued, adjuncts are so well behaved that they require virtually no grammatical support to function properly. Arguments, in contrast, are refractory and require grammatical aid to allow them to make any propositional contribution. This last remark should come as no surprise to those with neo-Davidsonian semantic sympathies. Connoisseurs of this art form are well versed in the important role that grammatical (aka, thematic) roles play in turning arguments into
modifiers of events. Such fulcra are not required for meaningfully integrating adjuncts.
into sentences. In what follows, we take this difference to be of the greatest significance
and we ask ourselves what this might imply for the phrase structure of adjunction.
Effects of a sudden change in curriculum delivery mode in postgraduate clinical studies, following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Frutiger Martin , Whillier Stephney 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To examine the effect of a change in the delivery mode of clinical neurology, a postgraduate subject at Macquarie University, following COVID-19 restrictions on face-to-face teaching.

Methods
Participants were master of chiropractic students (n = 212) who completed 2019 or 2020 clinical neurology. The main outcome measure was a comparison of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) marks between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts. The 2019 group underwent traditional, face-to-face learning, whereas the 2020 group were taught and examined remotely in session 1 but returned to campus in session 2. Descriptive analyses, between-group differences, and generalized linear models were performed.

Results
Means for OSCE marks between the 2 groups were higher in the 2020 group in session 1 (p &lt; .001). However, when students returned to campus in session 2, the means were significantly lower in the 2020 group compared with the 2019 group (p &lt; .001). Generalized linear regression indicated that the web-based mode of delivery in 2020 might have had a significant impact on OSCE marks compared with their 2019 counterparts (p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The sudden change in the mode of delivery from face-to-face to remote learning and the change in testing methods in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on clinical neurology student performance scores. The OSCE marks in the 2020 cohort for session 1 were higher than those in 2019. However, when the 2020 cohort returned to on-campus tutorials in session 2, their marks were lower than those of their 2019 counterparts.
Prevalence of Hospital Deliveries in Tharparkar and Its Determinants
Authors: Mehraj Sandeep , Mehraj Jaishri , Dass Gordhan , Ahmed Memon Sohail , Sand Aurangzeb 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: SDGs 2015-2030 are intended to stop poverty, hunger and ensure well-being at all ages by the year 2030. Goal 3 of SGDs are better measurable with indicators of maternal and children mortalities. Globally around 140 million birth takes place each year, among these home deliveries are significantly common.
Methods: Study was conducted on women aged 18 and 45 years of Tharparkar. Women of Child Bearing Age (CBAs) from all union council had been surveyed by multistage cluster sampling with random selection at hose hold level. Analysis was done using EPI Info TM 7. The odds ratio were calculated and reported at CI 95%.
Results: Of total women 73% (n=406) were uneducated and 19% (n=105) had education till matriculation. Prevalent occupation of husbands were farming 55% (n=310) followed by teachers 18% (n=102). Of total 2023 reported 31% (n=629) deliveries were conducted in the hospital. Socio-economic status (OR 1.8, CI 1.5-2.2), knowledge of nearby MCHC center (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.03-1.61), Counselling by doctor (OR 3.6, 95% CI 3-4.5), Good attitude of the hospital staff (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.6-2.2) were factors associated positively with the hospital deliveries. During multiple logistic regression analysis all factors were found significantly associated with hospital deliveries other than having livestock in family, which was not statistically significant (OR 0.9, CI 0.9-1.19).
Conclusion: We concluded that the hospital deliveries are less common in Tharparkar. We recommended that timing of the MCHC centers should be revised, Interpersonal Communication Training of the hospital staff and advocacy for hospital delivery by medical doctor.
Phenotypic Detection of Cellulose Hydrolysing Bacteria from the Rumen of Cow and Goat in Bauchi Metropolis
Authors: Na’Allah A. J. , Iliyasu M. Y. , Karamba K. I. , Haruna U. S. , Dogonjeji S. Y. , Haske M. S. , Agbo E. B. 
Published: April 2022

Background of Study: Rumen microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of substrates contained in the diet of the animals. Research on the isolation and identification of cellulase enzyme-producing bacteria is still widespread. Biodegradation by cellulolytic bacteria found in rumen can be used as a source of cellulolytic bacteria which will function to degrade fibrous feed material so as to increase quality of nutrition and digestibility of ingredients at a cheaper price than the use of commercial cellulase production.
Aim: To isolate and characterize bacteria from animals’ rumen for their ability to hydrolyze cellulose.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria, between April to July, 2021.
Methods: Rumen of cows and goats was sliced and randomly swabbed with a swab stick. They were then inoculated on Nutrient and MacConkey agar media. The plates were then incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 24 hours at 37oC. The resulting colonies that developed after the incubation period was purified and maintained on agar slants for further characterization. Pure isolates were then sub-cultured on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) plates and then incubated aerobically and anaerobically for seven days to test their ability to hydrolyze cellulose which was indicated by the appearance of clear zones around the colonies of the organisms. Secreted cellulase by the bacteria was further observed by colouring of the medium using Congo-red 0.3%.
Results: A total of 95 bacterial species isolated and characterized from rumen of cow and goat to test their ability to hydrolyze cellulose out of which 52 hydrolyzed celluloses after growing them on cellulose as seen by zone of clearance around the isolates. The isolates include Bacillus subtilis (28.8%), Bacillus licheniformis (27.0%), Yersinia enterocolitica (9.6%), Micrococcus sp. (5.8%), Salmonella sp. (11.5%), Pseudomonas sp. (3.8%) and Streptococcus sp. (13.5%).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potentiality of local strains of bacteria isolated from ruminants to hydrolyze cellulose. Proofs based on zone of clearance in cellulose led to the conclusion that the rumen of ruminants contains various microorganisms that can breakdown cellulose.
Evaluation of Hypoglycaemic, Antihyperglycaemic and Anti-lipid Peroxidative Activity of Persea americana Peel in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ilochi O. N. , Kolawole T. A. , Chuemere A. N. 
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and anti-lipid peroxidative activity of Persea americana peel in experimental rats. 60 male wistar rats were used for this study which lasted for 42 days. The animals were randomly grouped as: A-Normal control (feed + distilled water), B- Glibenclamide 0.6mg/kg/day, C- Avocado peel extract 50mg/kg, D- Diabetic, E- Diabetic + glibenclamide 0.6mg/kg/day, F- Diabetic + avocado peel extract 50mg/kg. Fasting blood glucose and blood level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were assayed for. With standard protocols, the heart and kidney of each animal was collected for tissue homogenization. Biochemical analysis of tissue homogenates includes Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and isoprostanes (F2isoP). This study revealed a possible link between oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia in diabetic conditions. Avocado peel, dose and time-dependently reduced blood glucose level below normal as well as products of lipid peroxidation. Determination of the possible mechanisms by which avocado peel affects these biomarkers may be indispensible to medicinal research. This study revealed further therapeutic potential of avocado peel.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and its Determinants among Adult Population in Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Aden Mowlid Aklil , Farah Alinoor Mohamed , Ameda Ida Marie , Omer Mohamed Diaaeldin , Aden Bukhari Shikh , Aden Asli Hassan , Farah Abdifatah Elmi , Warsame Adawe 
Published: April 2022

Aims: To ensure effectiveness of COVID 19 vaccine in controlling the pandemic, high vaccination coverage rates are necessary to achieve herd immunity which will help reduce the transmission of the virus and ensure reduction in the risk of transmission of infection. The study assessed COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among the adult population in Somali region of Ethiopia.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: Somali Region of Ethiopia in October 2021
Methodology: A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation vaccine hesitancy survey question, administered to 433 adult population in eight selected sites. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to test association between vaccine uptake and some selected determinants. The level of significance was set at a p-value<5%.
Results: Only 29% of the respondents had received at least one dose of COVID 19 vaccine, 219(50.6%) reported no concern at all in getting infected and the perception of low risk of infection was significantly higher among those not vaccinated (χ2 =12.62, p<0.05). Only 101(23.3%) of the respondents reported that the vaccine was very important in the prevention of the disease and perceived no benefit was significantly higher among those not vaccinated (χ2 =32.30, p<0.05). Only 79(18.2%) of the respondents believed the vaccine was very safe and perceived lack of safety of the vaccine was significantly higher among those not vaccinated (χ2 =22.24, p<0.05). There was positive association between level of education and vaccine uptake (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02–2.52; p<0.05 ) while 126(47.5%) of those who had desired to be vaccinated actually got vaccinated. Other factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake were friends getting vaccinated and support by community and religious leaders.
Conclusion: The perceived low risk among the population to COVID19 infection which significantly affected the poor vaccine uptake is a major concern. With only half of the population who intended to be vaccinated and ended up being vaccinated shows the need for targeted socio behavioural change communication strategies with focus on benefit of the vaccine not only to individual but to the other members of their community.
Electronic Structure and IR Spectra Analysis of Tetrathiafulvelene (TTF) Using RHF and DFT Quantum Mechanical Methods
Authors: Taura L. S. , Muhammad Rabiu Nuhu , Lawal Abdullahi , Gidado A. S. 
Published: April 2022

Tetrathiafulvalene (C6H4S4) is an organosulfur compound used in the manufacture of organic optoelectronic materials. Restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) were employed for the study of the optimized molecular structure of TTF using different basis sets. All computations were performed using Gaussian 03 package. Parameters such as minimum energy, bond lengths and bond angles, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, chemical reactivity descriptors, Non-linear optical properties (such as isotropic polarizability (α), anisotropy of polarizability (∆∝), and total first hyper-polarizability (βtot)), density of states, vibrational frequencies, and intensities were computed and reported in order to determine the relative stability as well as chemical reactivity of the molecule. The results obtained show that RHF has the lowest average value of bond length of 1.0729Å while that obtained using DFT has the lowest average value of 1.0812Å using the same basis set 6-311++G (d, p). This shows that the value is a bit higher using DFT than RHF which implies that the bonds of TTF molecule will be slightly stronger when optimized using RHF than DFT. The bond angles were found to be slightly higher by using DFT than RHF. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap shows that the molecule will be slightly more stable in chemical reaction using RHF than DFT. The DFT values, 3.59 eV and 3.60 eV obtained for the energy gap are closer to the reported value of 3.63eV compared to those obtained by RHF. From the results obtained for vibrational frequencies using both methods, TTF is stable due to the absence of imaginary frequencies. This confirms the stability of the molecule as stated in the results of HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The calculated vibrational frequencies show that the most intense frequency was obtained to be 752.6293 cm-1 at corresponding intensity of 145.9063KM/mole by RHF/6-31++G (d, p) while at B3LYP/6-31+G(d), the most intense frequency is about 635.0243 cm-1 with corresponding intensity of 138.5738MK/mole. By and large, the studyunveil the potential of Tetrathiafulvalene for optoelectronic applications.
An Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Glut 2 in Islets of Langerhans Treated with Gymnema Sylvestre and Metformin in Streptozotocin-induced Animals
Authors: Rajalakshmi Arumugam , Prithiviraj Elumalai , Sumathy Govindarajan 
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a generally known metabolic disorder affecting individuals, not only the elderly population, but all age groups. Among the etiologies of diabetes, reduction of glucose transporter GLUT-2 is accompanied by a loss in glucose-mediated insulin secretion, causing diabetes. To treat diabetes, the present scenario is the demand for time to use herbal drugs with minimal detrimental effects. Considering the benefits of Gymnema sylvestre, an anti-diabetic herbal drug, our current study is designed to expose the plausible relationship between the anti-diabetic activity and GLUT-2 expression, and the efficacy is evaluated in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic model.
Materials and Methods: Wistar albino adult rats (n=36) weighing about 140–160 g. Each group consisted of 6 animals and was divided into six groups based on the high fat diet (42 days), the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model (5 days) and treated for 22 days using ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre at low (200mg) and high dosage (400mg) and metformin (25mg). During the experimental period, blood glucose levels and the animal weight were carefully monitored.
Results: Decreased body weight, pancreatic weight, and increased blood glucose were observed in Group III along with a reduced level of GLUT-2 expression, indicating the manifestation of diabetes. In diabetic rats, however, these abnormalities are significantly restored after treatment with Gymnema sylvestre, albeit at a higher dosage.The Gymnema sylvestre displays the antidiabetic activity through the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells, maintaining GLUT-2 expression in diabetic induced animal model and Our histological study of pancreatic tissue also confirms the regeneration of beta cells.
Prevalence of Leukoplakia among Patients Visiting a Private Dental Hospital- An Institutional Study
Authors: Ashwini K. , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath 
Published: April 2022

Background: The oral ‌mucous‌ ‌membrane‌ ‌is‌ ‌an‌ ‌integral‌ ‌part‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌oral‌ ‌cavity‌ and oral‌ ‌premalignancy‌ plays an ‌intermediate‌ ‌stage. Oral‌ ‌leukoplakia‌ ‌otherwise‌ ‌called‌ ‌smoker’s‌ ‌keratosis‌ ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌potential‌ ‌premalignant‌ ‌disorder‌ and if not diagnosed early has a risk of causing oral morbidity and cancer. It ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌non-scrapable‌ ‌white‌ ‌patch‌ ‌or‌ ‌plaque‌ ‌which‌ ‌might‌ ‌be‌ ‌homogeneous‌ ‌or‌ ‌nonhomogeneous‌ ‌and‌ ‌is‌ ‌strongly‌ ‌associated‌ ‌with‌ ‌smoking, tobacco, alcohol‌ ‌consumption,‌‌ chronic‌ ‌irritation,‌‌ infections‌, and‌ ‌ultraviolet‌ ‌exposure‌. The etiology is idiopathic. The main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of leukoplakia in patients reporting to a university dental hospital.
Methodology: The present study was a retrospective observational study wherein 239 leukoplakia cases were reported to a private dental hospital located in Chennai from June 2020 to April 2021. Data was collected from DIAS and was tabulated in Excel. Data analysis was done in SPSS software Version 20.0. Descriptive statistics and the relation between variables were determined using the chi-square test where done. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results of this study reveal that oral premalignant leukoplakia has a strong male predilection (95.4%) and the age group of 50-60 years (29.71%) was the most commonly affected when compared to the other age groups. This study further results that homogenous type (75.5%) of oral leukoplakia was commonly prevalent in the right buccal mucosa (29.29%) followed by the left buccal mucosa (23.43%) of the oral cavity associated with the history of excess smoking (38.08%). Pearson chi-square test shows p-value is 0.00, (p-value < 0.05).Hence, it is statistically significant. When association was done between the site of the lesion in the oral cavity by the number of participants, 28.03% of the male participants were presented with the lesion on the right buccal mucosa. Pearson chi-square test shows p-value is 0.99, (p-value > 0.05). Hence, it is statistically not significant.
Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that oral premalignant leukoplakia has a strong male predilection and the age group of 50-60 years was most commonly affected when compared to the other age groups.This study further results that homogenous type of oral leukoplakia was commonly prevalent in the right buccal mucosa followed by the left buccal mucosa of the oral cavity associated with the history of excess smoking.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Reliabe Diagnostic Approach in Supraclavicular Lymph Node Swelling: A Study at Pumhs-W, Nawabshah, Sind, Pakistan
Authors: Yousfani Sikandar-e-Azam , Brohi Saifullah , Bano Shazia , Yousfani Nazia Azam , Kumar Ashok , Shah Moin Ul Islam 
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to approach the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in supraclavicular lymph node swelling at outpatient department.
Methods: The study is cross-sectional, descriptive conducted at General Surgery department Unit-III, of PUMHSW, Nawabshah, Sind, from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. After the written permission from ethical Review Committee of PUMHS-W, all the patients attending Surgical/Medical outpatient department with supraclavicular lymph node swelling and sent for cytological examination from 1st January 2019-31st December 2020 were entered in SPSS-20, after filling of specially designed proforma. All the variables/demographic details were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20.
Results: Total of 153 cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, PUMHS-W, and Nawabshah during the two-year period. The most commonly lesion was TB Lymphadenitis 58(38%),and 43(28%) were cases of Reactive Hyperplasia, while the malignant metastatic lesions were 38(25%) and Lymphoma and NHL were positive in 5(3%) cases.
The metastatic lesion were most commonly involve the left side 23(60.5%) and less commonly the bilateral 3(8%) involvement. The common metastatic malignancy found was squamous cell carcinoma 14(37%) followed by adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, ductal carcinoma breast, hepatocellular carcinoma and seminoma, 10(%), 5(% ),2(%), 2(%), 1(%), 1(%), 1(%) respectively.
The most commonly involved age group by mixed lesions were 41-50 years of age, and less common group involved was above 70 years of age. The metastatic malignant lesion were commonly found in 61-70 years of age group and lymphoma and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma were seen up to 60 years of all age groups.
Conclusion: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a reliable diagnostic tool as it is cheap, less invasive, and timed modality for diagnosing the supraclavicular lymph node inflammation/metastatic and nodular malignancies.
Nickel–Platinum Alloy Nanocrystallites with High‐Index Facets as Highly Effective Core Catalyst for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Yu , Zhang Bohai , Liu Sheng , Li Guo‐Ran , Yan Tianying , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElemental sulfur possesses an ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity, while the practical application of sulfur in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is seriously hindered by the sluggish redox kinetics and serious shuttle effect. Enhancing the catalytic activity of the sulfur host by a rational structural design is the key to address these issues. Herein, for the first time, concave‐nanocubic (CNC) nickel–platinum (Ni–Pt) alloys bounded by high‐index facets (HIFs) are introduced as the core catalyst of sulfur for Li–S batteries. It is demonstrated that the CNC Ni–Pt alloy crystallites dispersed uniformly on graphene exhibit a high electrochemical activity to drive the conversion from intermediate lithium polysulfides to solid discharged products. Benefiting from the accelerated redox kinetics by HIFs, the cathode delivers a low capacity damping of 0.025% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 1 C rate. In particular, a high reversible capacity of 664.9 mAh g−1‐cathode with cathode as active material can be achieved with high sulfur loading (8.8 mg cm−2) and low electrolyte usage (5 µL mgs−1). This study focuses on improving the catalytic activity of sulfur hosts by modulating the exposed facets of core catalyst and provides a new path for the structure optimizing of host materials in Li–S batteries.