bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algoritmically improved microwave radar monitors breathing more acurrate than sensorized belt
Authors: Czyżewski Andrzej , Kostek Bozena , Kurowski Adam , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Graff Beata , Odya Piotr , Śmiałkowski Tomasz , Sroczyński Andrzej 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a novel way to measure, process, analyze, and compare respiratory signals acquired by two types of devices: a wearable sensorized belt and a microwave radar-based sensor. Both devices provide breathing rate readouts. First, the background research is presented. Then, the underlying principles and working parameters of the microwave radar-based sensor, a contactless device for monitoring breathing, are described. The breathing rate measurement protocol is then presented, and the proposed algorithm for octave error elimination is introduced. Details are provided about the data processing phase; specifically, the management of signals acquired from two devices with different working principles and how they are resampled with a common processing sample rate. This is followed by an analysis of respiratory signals experimentally acquired by the belt and microwave radar-based sensors. The analysis outcomes were checked using Levene’s test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Dunn’s post hoc test. The findings show that the proposed assessment method is statistically stable. The source of variability lies in the person-triggered breathing patterns rather than the working principles of the devices used. Finally, conclusions are derived, and future work is outlined.
Analysis of the association between atrial fibrillation with in-hospital mortality in people admitted for community-acquired pneumonia through an observational, nation-wide, sex-stratified study
Authors: de-Miguel-Yanes José M. , Jiménez-García Rodrigo , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , de-Miguel-Díez Javier , Méndez-Bailón Manuel , López-de-Andrés Ana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe aimed to analyze the influence of atrial fibrillation (AF) prior to hospital admission (“prevalent”) and AF diagnosed during hospital admission (“incident”) on in-hospital mortality (IHM) in women and men admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Spain (2016–2019). We used the Spanish Register of Specialized Care‐Basic Minimum Database. We analyzed 519,750 cases of CAP in people ≥ 18 years (213,631 women (41.1%)), out of which people with prevalent AF represented 23.75% (N = 123,440), whereas people with incident AF constituted 0.60% (N = 3154). Versus no AF, crude IHM was significantly higher for prevalent AF (15.24% vs. 11.40%,p < 0.001) and for incident AF (23.84% vs. 12.24%,p < 0.001). After propensity score marching, IHM in women and men with prevalent AF neared IHM in women and men with no AF (15.72% vs. 15.52%,p = 0.425; and 14.90% vs. 14.99%,p = 0.631, respectively), but IHM in women and men with incident AF was higher than IHM in women and men with no AF (24.37% vs. 13.36%,p < 0.001; and 23.94% vs. 14.04%,p < 0.001, respectively). Male sex was associated with a higher IHM in people with prevalent AF (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1–10), but not in people with incident AF (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.77–1–13). AF diagnosed during hospital admission was associated with a higher IHM, irrespectively of sex.
Evolutionary analysis of swimming speed in early vertebrates challenges the ‘New Head Hypothesis’
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G. , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ecological context of early vertebrate evolution is envisaged as a long-term trend towards increasingly active food acquisition and enhanced locomotory capabilities culminating in the emergence of jawed vertebrates. However, support for this hypothesis has been anecdotal and drawn almost exclusively from the ecology of living taxa, despite knowledge of extinct phylogenetic intermediates that can inform our understanding of this formative episode. Here we analyse the evolution of swimming speed in early vertebrates based on caudal fin morphology using ancestral state reconstruction and evolutionary model fitting. We predict the lowest and highest ancestral swimming speeds in jawed vertebrates and microsquamous jawless vertebrates, respectively, and find complex patterns of swimming speed evolution with no support for a trend towards more active lifestyles in the lineage leading to jawed groups. Our results challenge the hypothesis of an escalation of Palaeozoic marine ecosystems and shed light into the factors that determined the disparate palaeobiogeographic patterns of microsquamous versus macrosquamous armoured Palaeozoic jawless vertebrates. Ultimately, our results offer a new enriched perspective on the ecological context that underpinned the assembly of vertebrate and gnathostome body plans, supporting a more complex scenario characterized by diverse evolutionary locomotory capabilities reflecting their equally diverse ecologies.
Egg-laying and locomotory screens with C. elegans yield a nematode-selective small molecule stimulator of neurotransmitter release
Authors: Harrington Sean , Knox Jessica J. , Burns Andrew R. , Choo Ken-Loon , Au Aaron , Kitner Megan , Haeberli Cecile , Pyche Jacob , D’Amata Cassandra , Kim Yong-Hyun , Volpatti Jonathan R. , Guiliani Maximillano , Snider Jamie , Wong Victoria , Palmeira Bruna M. , Redman Elizabeth M. , Vaidya Aditya S. , Gilleard John S. , Stagljar Igor , Cutler Sean R. , Kulke Daniel , Dowling James J. , Yip Christopher M. , Keiser Jennifer , Zasada Inga , Lautens Mark , Roy Peter J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNematode parasites of humans, livestock and crops dramatically impact human health and welfare. Alarmingly, parasitic nematodes of animals have rapidly evolved resistance to anthelmintic drugs, and traditional nematicides that protect crops are facing increasing restrictions because of poor phylogenetic selectivity. Here, we exploit multiple motor outputs of the model nematode C. elegans towards nematicide discovery. This work yielded multiple compounds that selectively kill and/or immobilize diverse nematode parasites. We focus on one compound that induces violent convulsions and paralysis that we call nementin. We find that nementin stimulates neuronal dense core vesicle release, which in turn enhances cholinergic signaling. Consequently, nementin synergistically enhances the potency of widely-used non-selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, but in a nematode-selective manner. Nementin therefore has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of toxic AChE inhibitors that are used to control nematode infections and infestations.
Morpho-functional traits of the coral Stylophora pistillata enhance light capture for photosynthesis at mesophotic depths
Authors: Kramer Netanel , Guan Jiaao , Chen Shaochen , Wangpraseurt Daniel , Loya Yossi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe morphological architecture of photosynthetic corals modulates the light capture and functioning of the coral-algal symbiosis on shallow-water corals. Since corals can thrive on mesophotic reefs under extreme light-limited conditions, we hypothesized that microskeletal coral features enhance light capture under low-light environments. Utilizing micro-computed tomography scanning, we conducted a novel comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the small-scale skeleton morphology of the depth-generalist coral Stylophora pistillata collected from shallow (4–5 m) and mesophotic (45–50 m) depths. We detected a high phenotypic diversity between depths, resulting in two distinct morphotypes, with calyx diameter, theca height, and corallite marginal spacing contributing to most of the variation between depths. To determine whether such depth-specific morphotypes affect coral light capture and photosynthesis on the corallite scale, we developed 3D simulations of light propagation and photosynthesis. We found that microstructural features of corallites from mesophotic corals provide a greater ability to use solar energy under light-limited conditions; while corals associated with shallow morphotypes avoided excess light through self-shading skeletal architectures. The results from our study suggest that skeleton morphology plays a key role in coral photoadaptation to light-limited environments.
Initial community composition determines the long-term dynamics of a microbial cross-feeding interaction by modulating niche availability
Authors: Dolinšek Jan , Ramoneda Josep , Johnson David R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multi-step substrate consumption pathways can promote microbial biodiversity via cross-feeding. If one cell type preferentially consumes a primary substrate rather than the subsequently formed intermediates, then other cell types can specialize in consuming the intermediates. While this mechanism for promoting biodiversity is established, predicting the long-term persistence of such cross-feeding interactions remains challenging. Under what conditions will the interaction (and thus biodiversity) persist or disappear? To address this question, we propagated co-cultures of two isogenic strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri. One completely reduces nitrate to nitrogen gas but preferentially reduces nitrate rather than nitrite (referred to as the generalist), while the other only reduces nitrite to nitrogen gas (referred to as the specialist). We found that the two strains coexist via nitrite cross-feeding when grown together, but the initial ratio of specialist-to-generalist (rS/G) determines the long-term dynamics of the co-culture. Co-cultures with large initial rS/Gs converge to the same rS/G and persist thereafter. Co-cultures with small initial rS/Gs also converge to the same rS/G but then become increasingly dominated by the generalist. The likely cause of these different dynamics is that the initial rS/G determines the initial environment, which in turn determines the initial selection pressures and phenotypes acquired by the generalist. Our results demonstrate that initial community composition controls the long-term dynamics and persistence of a cross-feeding interaction, and is therefore an important factor for community development and for engineering communities to achieve desired outcomes.
A mitochondria targeted cascade reaction nanosystem for improved therapeutic effect by overcoming cellular resistance
Authors: Sun Zhen , Chen Weihua , Huang Dianshuai , Jiang Chunhuan , Lu Lehui 
Published: August 2022

This nanoplatform can locate in mitochondria, alleviate heat resistance and multidrug resistance of cells, resulting in the enhanced therapeutic effect. It can also catalyze H2O2 to produce reactive oxygen species, which further promote apoptosis.
Spray-driven halide exchange in solid-state CsPbX3 nanocrystal films
Authors: Sánchez-Alarcón R. I. , Noguera-Gomez J. , Chirvony V. S. , Pashaei Adl H. , Boix Pablo P. , Alarcón-Flores G. , Martínez-Pastor J. P. , Abargues R. 
Published: August 2022

An open-air and annealing-free method towards CsPbBr3−xIx NC thin films by a spray-driven halide exchange in CsPbBr3 NC films. Outstanding optical quality and enhanced PLQYs allows to reach a low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission.
Validation of Male Talker Recordings of the Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Threshold Test and the Spanish Pediatric Picture Identification Test
Authors: Mendel Lisa Lucks , Pousson Monique A. , Jones Skye E. , Bass Johnnie K. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to validate recordings of the Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Threshold (SPSRT) test and Spanish Pediatric Picture Identification Test (SPPIT) for Spanish-speaking children using a native, bilingual Spanish–English male talker of Castilian peninsular dialect from Spain.

Method:
Seventy native Spanish-speaking children from a variety of countries participated. Fifty-eight participants had normal hearing, and the remaining 12 had mild hearing loss in at least one ear. Male talker recordings of the SPSRT and SPPIT were administered to obtain baseline validation data. Participants listened to the stimuli and pointed to the appropriate item on the picture boards that represented the word they heard.

Results:
Mean SRTs were within 5 dB of mean pure-tone averages resulting in a positive correlation. Performance–intensity functions for the SPPIT showed minimal significant differences across the three test lists, and performance increased as the sensation level increased.

Conclusions:
The male talker recordings of the SPSRT and SPPIT are valid speech perception picture-pointing assessments that can be used with Spanish-speaking children. The recordings present the Spanish target word while simultaneously presenting the English interpretation for ease of scoring.
Effects of Segmental and Suprasegmental Speech Perception on Reading in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Grantham Heather , Davidson Lisa S. , Geers Ann E. , Uchanski Rosalie M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine whether suprasegmental speech perception contributes unique variance in predictions of reading decoding and comprehension for prelingually deaf children using two devices, at least one of which is a cochlear implant (CI).

Method:
A total of 104, 5- to 9-year-old CI recipients completed tests of segmental perception (e.g., word recognition in quiet and noise, recognition of vowels and consonants in quiet), suprasegmental perception (e.g., talker and stress discrimination, nonword stress repetition, and emotion identification), and nonverbal intelligence. Two years later, participants completed standardized tests of reading decoding and comprehension. Using regression analyses, the unique contribution of suprasegmental perception to reading skills was determined after controlling for demographic characteristics and segmental perception performance.

Results:
Standardized reading scores of the CI recipients increased with nonverbal intelligence for both decoding and comprehension. Female gender was associated with higher comprehension scores. After controlling for gender and nonverbal intelligence, segmental perception accounted for approximately 4% and 2% of the variance in decoding and comprehension, respectively. After controlling for nonverbal intelligence, gender, and segmental perception, suprasegmental perception accounted for an extra 4% and 7% unique variance in reading decoding and reading comprehension, respectively.

Conclusions:
Suprasegmental perception operates independently from segmental perception to facilitate good reading outcomes for these children with CIs. Clinicians and educators should be mindful that early perceptual skills may have long-term benefits for literacy. Research on how to optimize suprasegmental perception, perhaps through hearing-device programming and/or training strategies, is needed.
Younger Age at Cochlear Implant Activation Results in Improved Auditory Skill Development for Children With Congenital Deafness
Authors: Culbertson Shannon R. , Dillon Margaret T. , Richter Margaret E. , Brown Kevin D. , Anderson Melissa R. , Hancock Sandra L. , Park Lisa R. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:The U.S. Food and Drug Administration indications for cochlear implantation in children is currently 9 months of age and older for children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Studies have shown that earlier activation of a cochlear implant (CI) can lead to better spoken language outcomes. As auditory skills are a precursor to the development of spoken language, this study was developed to investigate the influence of age at CI activation on auditory skill acquisition in young children. A secondary aim was to describe the auditory skills of children implanted prior to 9 months of age as compared to children with older ages of activation.Method:Functional Listening Index (FLI) scores obtained during routine clinical visits were reviewed for 78 pediatric CI recipients with congenital bilateral profound hearing loss who were activated before 2 years of age. A linear mixed-effects model assessed the effect of age at CI activation on cumulative FLI scores over time.Results:There was a significant interaction between age at activation and chronological age at the time of evaluation, indicating that children with earlier access to sound achieved a greater number of auditory skills than those with later CI activations when measured at the same chronological age. Children activated before the age of 9 months approximated scores expected of children with typical hearing, whereas children activated between 9 and 24 months of age did not.Conclusions:Younger age at CI activation is associated with increased auditory skills over time. Children who undergo cochlear implantation and CI activation before 9 months achieve more auditory skills by 4 years of age than children who are activated at later ages. These data suggest that reducing the approved age at cochlear implantation for children with congenital bilateral profound SNHL may support optimal auditory skill acquisition.
Observer‐based sliding mode control for permanent magnet synchronous motor speed regulation system with a novel reaching law
Authors: Zou Quan , Wei Kai , Zhou Guangzu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel reaching law‐based sliding mode controller is proposed for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed regulation system with uncertainties and unknown load torque in this paper. The proposed reaching law is the improvement of the traditional power rate reaching law (PRL) by using a simple tuning function of the sliding variable. The tuning function is designed such that the reaching speed is fast when the system states are far away from the sliding surface, and vice versa. Theoretical analysis shows that the reaching time of the proposed reaching law is always shorter than that of the traditional PRL with the same gains. Moreover, unlike the traditional PRL and some existing auto‐tuning PRLs, the proposed reaching law can provide globally bounded reaching time independently on the initial conditions, and the reaching time can be effectively reduced by tuning the reaching law gains. Based on this novel reaching law, a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the total disturbance, and then based on the estimated disturbance and the novel reaching law, a sliding mode speed controller is designed for the robust control of PMSM speed regulation system. Simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control method.
Hydrocephalus in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Caused by a Cyst Formation Similar to Late-Onset Aqueductal Membranous Occlusion: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kuwahara Kiyonori , Ohba Shigeo , Ganaha Tsukasa , Murayama Kazuhiro , Abe Masato , Hasegawa Mitsuhiro , Hirose Yuichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCyst formation in the third ventricle and the histopathological findings were rarely reported. We report a similar case of late-onset aqueductal membranous occlusion (LAMO) caused by a thin gliotic cyst and a review of related literature. A 28-year-old woman with enlarged lateral ventricles was referred to our hospital with complaints of headache and dizziness. In our hospital, the obvious cause of the hydrocephalus was unknown on any examination and we decided performing endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus. A thin cyst covering the entrance of the aqueduct was identified and we perforated it. Histopathological finding of the cyst wall was gliosis and our case was similar to LAMO, although not typical. The postoperative symptoms and ventricle size improved for 4 years. When suspecting cases similar to definition of LAMO, neuroendoscopic surgery would be the first-choice treatment and might detect causes undetectable on preoperative imaging such as our thin membrane.
Panoramic Indices: An Aid to Early Detection of Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Bangeennavar Bheemappa F. , Ullah Md. Kalim , Gokak Kajal V. , Ahmed Hina , Meshram Ashish D. , Pavani Bellamkonda , Hassan Irfan , Hassan Syed Sirajul 
Published: August 2022

Objective An early identification of patients who are at an obvious increased risk of osteoporosis and subsequent high risk of pathological bone fractures is important to prevent morbidity and its subsequent impact on the quality of life of the affected patients. Dental professionals have a chance of identifying such cases in their very initial stages through routinely prescribed dental radiographs. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of gender and age on different parameters of alveolar bone loss using orthopantomograph (OPG) as an aid to identify patients with low bone mineral density (BMD).
Materials and Methods This study included eighty subjects in whom after taking OPGs, mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), and panoramic mandibular index were assessed, while the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test was used to compare the means, while p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results The findings of this study revealed a significant association between MCI and age for females, with C2 and C3 categories being more common with advancing age. Also, a significant difference could be seen in relation to gender (p-value = 0.0315) for MCW with a concomitant decrease in the values of MCW in females over 60 years of age.
Conclusion Panoramic radiographic measurements could provide valuable information and help in screening patients with low BMD.
A Factorial Analysis on Visual Outcomes of Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Macroadenoma
Authors: Ng Ben Chat Fong , Mak Calvin Hoi-Kwan , Steffi Chong Shing Yee , Wing See Ka , Shing Tse Tat , Ching Cheung Fung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Sellar lesions are possible reversible causes of vision loss. This study is to provide quantitative objective measurement of efficacy of surgery for non-functioning pituitary adenoma and discuss different factors that could affect visual outcome of non-functioning pituitary adenoma.
Method This is a single centre, retrospective study conducted at a tertiary neurosurgery referral centre. 108 cases of sellar tumors which underwent surgery during the 3-year period from early June 2015 to late May 2018 were reviewed. Pituitary adenoma that were non-functioning and without apoplexy at initial presentation were selected for the study. We have analyzed the correlation of different factors with the visual outcome, including the extent of vertical decompression in terms of change in tumor height post operation and the extent of lateral decompression in terms of change in Knosp grading. Visual outcome was represented by the visual impairment score (VIS), an integrated measurement of visual acuity and visual field deficit.
Results Preoperative absolute tumor height and supracarotid height correlated with preoperative VIS scale (p ≤ 0.01). Absolute Knosp grading correlates significantly with VA (p = 0.001) and VF (p ≤ 0.001) of that particular eye. Although most patients had an objective improvement in visual acuity (VA) (88%) and visual field (VF) (99%) after operation, a larger reduction in tumor height and successful Knosp downgrading after surgery is associated with better VIS improvement. (p = 0.025) Change in supracarotid height shows trend in correlating with change in VIS (p = 0.084).
Conclusion Height of tumor measured from genu of cavernous ICA correlates better with visual outcome than absolute tumor height. The extent of both vertical and lateral decompression of non-functioning pituitary adenoma are important determinants that lead to better visual outcome. As endoscopic approach is able to achieve a greater degree of lateral decompression, it is a preferred approach in pituitary surgery to achieve a better visual outcome.