bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total elbow arthroplasty in elderly trauma patients: adding a new perspective for functional evaluation
Authors: Mühlenfeld Nils , Marzi Ingo , Frank Johannes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) has evolved over the last years, with satisfactory early results, mainly not only in degenerative arthritis, but also increasingly after trauma. Outcome studies in recently published papers are mainly based on the range of motion (ROM), complication rate as well as patient-reported outcome scales and questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to add a new perspective with the “Purdue Pegboard” skill tests in a homogenous set of elderly trauma patients to contribute to a more precise objective outcome measurement in this specific population.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed on a consecutive cohort of all patients with age above 60 years that received TEA after trauma. Data from follow-up examinations over a standardized time-schedule within 2 years after TEA were included. Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), “Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand” (DASH) Questionnaire, ROM as well as test-scores using the Pegboard test were evaluated.

Results
Mean age was 76.0 years ± 10.3. Indications for TEA were posttraumatic arthrosis in 68.8% (n = 11) and extensive fractures that could not be reconstructed surgically in 31.3% (n = 5). The mean score of MEPS was 82.81 ± 16.63 and 29.18 ± 12.01 in the DASH. ROM presented with a mean of 109.7° ± 15.4. Patients demonstrated good, but marginally reduced test scores in the Pegboard skill tests in comparison with the healthy reference population. No relevant differences between the arm with and the arm without TEA (0.3 ± 3.6; p = 0.715) were noted after 2 years.

Conclusion
In the elderly trauma patient with complex fractures of the elbow, TEA is a good alternative to joint reconstruction using various osteosynthesis techniques. TEA is able to avoid revision surgery after open reduction and internal fixation of complex fractures. In cases of failed reconstruction, it is also a viable secondary procedure in posttraumatic arthrosis. Good outcomes in functionality and dexterity can be achieved. Skill tests like the Purdue Pegboard could add a valuable perspective in assessing functional outcomes after TEA.
Reversibility of brain glucose kinetics in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sanchez-Rangel Elizabeth , Gunawan Felona , Jiang Lihong , Savoye Mary , Dai Feng , Coppoli Anastasia , Rothman Douglas L. , Mason Graeme F. , Hwang Janice Jin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We have previously shown that individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes have a blunted rise in brain glucose levels measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we investigate whether reductions in HbA1c normalise intracerebral glucose levels.

Methods
Eight individuals (two men, six women) with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and mean ± SD age 44.8 ± 8.3 years, BMI 31.4 ± 6.1 kg/m2 and HbA1c 84.1 ± 16.2 mmol/mol (9.8 ± 1.4%) underwent 1H MRS scanning at 4 Tesla during a hyperglycaemic clamp (~12.21 mmol/l) to measure changes in cerebral glucose at baseline and after a 12 week intervention that improved glycaemic control through the use of continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes regimen intensification and frequent visits to an endocrinologist and nutritionist.

Results
Following the intervention, mean ± SD HbA1c decreased by 24.3 ± 15.3 mmol/mol (2.1 ± 1.5%) (p=0.006), with minimal weight changes (p=0.242). Using a linear mixed-effects regression model to compare glucose time courses during the clamp pre and post intervention, the pre-intervention brain glucose level during the hyperglycaemic clamp was significantly lower than the post-intervention brain glucose (p<0.001) despite plasma glucose levels during the hyperglycaemic clamp being similar (p=0.266). Furthermore, the increases in brain glucose were correlated with the magnitude of improvement in HbA1c (r = 0.71, p=0.048).

Conclusion/interpretation
These findings highlight the potential reversibility of cerebral glucose transport capacity and metabolism that can occur in individuals with type 2 diabetes following improvement of glycaemic control.
Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03469492.

Graphical abstract
Young-onset diabetes in Asian Indians is associated with lower measured and genetically determined beta cell function
Authors: Siddiqui Moneeza K. , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Dawed Adem Y. , Martoeau Cyrielle , Srinivasan Sundararajan , Saravanan Jebarani , Madanagopal Sathish K. , Taylor Alasdair , Bell Samira , Veluchamy Abirami , Pradeepa Rajendra , Sattar Naveed , Venkatesan Radha , Palmer Colin N. A. , Pearson Ewan R. , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
South Asians in general, and Asian Indians in particular, have higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared with white Europeans, and a younger age of onset. The reasons for the younger age of onset in relation to obesity, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity are under-explored.

Methods
Two cohorts of Asian Indians, the ICMR-INDIAB cohort (Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes Study) and the DMDSC cohort (Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre), and one of white Europeans, the ESDC (East Scotland Diabetes Cohort), were used. Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the comparative prevalence of healthy, overweight and obese participants with young-onset diabetes, classified according to their BMI. We explored the role of clinically measured beta cell function in diabetes onset in Asian Indians. Finally, the comparative distribution of a partitioned polygenic score (pPS) for risk of diabetes due to poor beta cell function was examined. Replication of the genetic findings was sought using data from the UK Biobank.

Results
The prevalence of young-onset diabetes with normal BMI was 9.3% amongst white Europeans and 24–39% amongst Asian Indians. In Asian Indians with young-onset diabetes, after adjustment for family history of type 2 diabetes, sex, insulin sensitivity and HDL-cholesterol, stimulated C-peptide was 492 pmol/ml (IQR 353–616, p<0.0001) lower in lean compared with obese individuals. Asian Indians in our study, and South Asians from the UK Biobank, had a higher number of risk alleles than white Europeans. After weighting the pPS for beta cell function, Asian Indians have lower genetically determined beta cell function than white Europeans (p<0.0001). The pPS was associated with age of diagnosis in Asian Indians but not in white Europeans. The pPS explained 2% of the variation in clinically measured beta cell function, and 1.2%, 0.97%, and 0.36% of variance in age of diabetes amongst Asian Indians with normal BMI, or classified as overweight and obese BMI, respectively.

Conclusions/interpretation
The prevalence of lean BMI in young-onset diabetes is over two times higher in Asian Indians compared with white Europeans. This phenotype of lean, young-onset diabetes appears driven in part by lower beta cell function. We demonstrate that Asian Indians with diabetes also have lower genetically determined beta cell function.

Graphical abstract
Impact of wheat aleurone on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota and metabolites in adults with high body mass index: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fava Francesca , Ulaszewska Maria M. , Scholz Matthias , Stanstrup Jan , Nissen Lorenzo , Mattivi Fulvio , Vermeiren Joan , Bosscher Douwina , Pedrolli Carlo , Tuohy Kieran M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Aleurone is a cereal bran fraction containing a variety of beneficial nutrients including polyphenols, fibers, minerals and vitamins. Animal and human studies support the beneficial role of aleurone consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Gut microbiota fiber fermentation, polyphenol metabolism and betaine/choline metabolism may in part contribute to the physiological effects of aleurone. As primary objective, this study evaluated whether wheat aleurone supplemented foods could modify plasma homocysteine. Secondary objectives included changes in CVD biomarkers, fecal microbiota composition and plasma/urine metabolite profiles.

Methods
A parallel double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial was carried out in two groups of obese/overweight subjects, matched for age, BMI and gender, consuming foods supplemented with either aleurone (27 g/day) (AL, n = 34) or cellulose (placebo treatment, PL, n = 33) for 4 weeks.

Results
No significant changes in plasma homocysteine or other clinical markers were observed with either treatment. Dietary fiber intake increased after AL and PL, animal protein intake increased after PL treatment. We observed a significant increase in fecal Bifidobacterium spp with AL and Lactobacillus spp with both AL and PL, but overall fecal microbiota community structure changed little according to 16S rRNA metataxonomics. Metabolomics implicated microbial metabolism of aleurone polyphenols and revealed distinctive biomarkers of AL treatment, including alkylresorcinol, cinnamic, benzoic and ferulic acids, folic acid, fatty acids, benzoxazinoid and roasted aroma related metabolites. Correlation analysis highlighted bacterial genera potentially linked to urinary compounds derived from aleurone metabolism and clinical parameters.

Conclusions
Aleurone has potential to modulate the gut microbial metabolic output and increase fecal bifidobacterial abundance. However, in this study, aleurone did not impact on plasma homocysteine or other CVD biomarkers.

Trial Registration
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02067026) on the 17th February 2014.
Physiological relevance of proton-activated GPCRs
Authors: Imenez Silva Pedro H. , Wagner Carsten A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe detection of H+ concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. Expression of these receptors is widespread for GPR4 and OGR1 with particularly high levels in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, while expression of TDAG8 appears to be more restricted to the immune compartment. These receptors have been linked to several well-studied pH-dependent physiological activities including central control of respiration, renal adaption to changes in acid–base status, secretion of insulin and peripheral responsiveness to insulin, mechanosensation, and cellular chemotaxis. Their role in pathological processes such as the genesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease), and tumor cell metabolism and invasiveness, is increasingly receiving more attention and makes these receptors novel and interesting targets for therapy. In this review, we cover the role of these receptors in physiological processes and will briefly discuss some implications for disease processes.
Healthcare utilization and costs following non-fatal powdered and non-powdered firearm injuries for children and youth
Authors: de Oliveira Claire , Macpherson Alison , Hepburn Charlotte Moore , Huang Anjie , Strauss Rachel , Liu Ning , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Pageau Paul , Gomez David , Saunders Natasha Ruth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the healthcare and economic burdens of non-fatal firearm injuries for children/youth beyond the initial admission. This study sought to estimate healthcare utilization and total direct healthcare costs of non-fatal powdered and non-powdered (air gun) firearm injuries 1-year post-injury. Using administrative data from 2003 to 2018 on all children/youth 0–24 years old in Ontario, Canada, a matched 1:2 cohort study was conducted to compare children/youth who experienced powdered and non-powdered firearm injuries with those who did not. Mean and median number of healthcare encounters and costs, and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and interquartile ranges (IQRs), were estimated for both weapon type groups and controls and by intent. Children/youth who experienced a powdered and non-powdered firearm injury had a higher number of healthcare encounters and costs per year than those who did not. Mean 1-year costs for those with powdered and non-powdered firearm injuries were $8825 ($8007–$9643) and $2349 ($2118–$2578), respectively, versus $812 ($567–$1058) and $753 ($594–$911), respectively, for those without. Mean 1-year costs were highest for handgun injuries ($12,875 [95% CI $9941–$15,808]), and for intentional assault-related ($13,498 [$11,843–$15,153]; $3287 [$2213–$4362]), and intentional self-injuries ($14,773 [$6893–$22,652]; $6005 [$2193–$9817]) for both powdered and non-powdered firearm injuries, respectively. Conclusion: Firearm injuries have substantial healthcare and economic burdens beyond the initial injury-related admission; this should be accounted for when examining the overall impact of firearm injuries.

What is Known:• Child/youth firearm injuries have significant health and economic burdens.• However, existing work has mainly examined healthcare utilization and costs of initial admissions and/or have been limited to single-center studies and no studies have provide cost estimates by weapon type and intent.

What is New:• Children/youth who suffered powdered firearm injuries had higher mean healthcare utilization and costs than those with non-powdered firearm injuries as well as comparable healthy children/youth.• Mean 1-year costs were highest for handgun injuries ($12,875), and for intentional assault-related ($13,498; $3287), and intentional self-injuries ($14,773; $6005) for powdered and non-powdered firearm injuries, respectively.
Response prediction in patients with gastric and esophagogastric adenocarcinoma under neoadjuvant chemotherapy using targeted gene expression analysis and next-generation sequencing in pre-therapeutic biopsies
Authors: Kleo Karsten , Jovanovic Vladimir M. , Arndold Alexander , Lehmann Annika , Lammert Hedwig , Berg Erika , Harloff Hannah , Treese Christoph , Hummel Michael , Daum Severin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Perioperative chemo-(radio-) therapy is the accepted standard in European patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction or stomach (AEG/AS). However, 30–85% of patients do not respond to this treatment. The aim of our study was the identification of predictive biomarkers in pre-therapeutic endoscopic tumor biopsies from patients with histopathologic response (Becker-1) versus non-response (Becker-2/3) to preoperative chemotherapy.

Methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from 36 Caucasian patients (Becker-1 n = 11, Becker-2 n = 7, Becker-3 n = 18) with AEG/AS, taken prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. For RNA expression analysis, we employed the NanoString nCounter System. To identify genomic alterations like single nucleotide variants (SNV), copy number variation (CNV) and fusion events, we used Illumina TST170 gene panel. For HER2 and FGFR2 protein expression, immunostaining was performed. Furthermore, we analyzed the microsatellite instability (MSI) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection status by EBER in situ hybridization.

Results
Heat map and principal component analyses showed no clustering by means of gene expression according to regression grade. Concerning two recently proposed predictive markers, our data showed equal distribution for MSI (Becker-1: 2; Becker-2: 1; Becker-3: 3; out of 29 tested) and EBV infection was rare (1/32). We could not reveal discriminating target genes concerning SNV, but found a higher mutational burden in non-responders versus responders and fusion (in 6/14) and CNV events (in 5/14) exclusively in Becker-3.

Conclusions
Although we could not identify discriminating target genes, our data suggest that molecular alterations are in general more prevalent in patients with AEG/AS belonging to the non-responding Becker group 3.
High clutch failure rate due to unpredictable rainfall for an ephemeral pool-breeding frog
Authors: Gould John , Clulow John , Clulow Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnimals that reproduce in temporary aquatic systems expose their offspring to a heightened risk of desiccation, as they must race to complete development and escape before water levels recede. Adults must therefore synchronise reproduction with the changing availability of water, yet the conditions they experience to trigger such an event may not relate to those offspring face throughout development, potentially leading to clutch failure. The sandpaper frog (Lechriodus fletcheri) breeds in ephemeral pools that dry within days to weeks after rainfall has ceased. We examined whether spawning frequency and offspring survival differed across two consecutive breeding seasons based on (1) rainfall at the moment of oviposition and throughout offspring development, and (2) pool volume, given their combined effect on hydroperiod. Reproduction was triggered by rainfall, with more spawn laid during periods of greater rainfall and in larger pools. While pool size was a predictor of offspring survival, rainfall during oviposition was not. Rather, follow-up rain events were required to prevent pools drying prior to metamorphosis, with rainfall evenness during development the strongest predictor of reproductive success. High clutch failure rates recorded in both seasons suggest that adults do not have the capability to predict rainfall frequency post-oviposition. We thus conclude that unpredictable rainfall leading to premature desiccation of spawning sites is the primary source of pre-metamorphic mortality for this species. Understanding the influence of rainfall predictability on offspring survival could be critical in predicting the effects of altered hydroperiod regimes due to climate change for species that exploit temporary waters.
Application of ABR in pathogenic neurovascular compression of the 8th cranial nerve in vestibular paroxysmia
Authors: Sun Huiying , Tian Xu , Zhao Yang , Jiang Hong , Gao Zhiqiang , Wu Haiyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the clinical value of electrophysiological tests in indicating pathogenic vascular contact of the 8th nerve in definite vestibular paroxysmia (VP) cases to provide a reference for decompression surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients who had vertigo, unilateral tinnitus, or hearing loss and exhibited vascular contact of the 8th cranial nerve by MRI. Participants were classified into the VP or non-VP group according to the criteria of the Bárány Society in 2016. The demographic characteristics and audiological and electrophysiological test results of the two groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for ABR to determine the best parameters and cutoff values to predict the existence of pathological neurovascular contact in VP.

Results
Thirteen patients in the VP group and 66 patients in the non-VP group were included. VP patients had longer interpeak latency (IPL) I–III and wave III latency compared to non-VP patients (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). According to the ROC analyses, IPL I–III and wave III latency were the best indicators for the diagnosis of VP. The optimal cutoff for IPL I–III was 2.3 ms (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 95.5%), and that for wave III latency was 4.0 ms (sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 77.3%). There were no differences in the PTA, caloric test, o-VEMP, or c-VEMP results between the two groups.

Conclusion
Prolonged IPL I–III and the wave III latency of ABR strongly suggested that vascular contact of the 8th cranial nerve was pathological, which may provide some references for microvascular decompression surgery of VP.
Evolution of LNAPL contamination plume in fractured aquifers
Authors: Mineo Simone , Dell’Aera Filippo Maria Luigi , Rizzotto Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe LNAPL contamination affecting an industrial area of southeastern Sicily (Italy) is reported herein as a case study to analyze some peculiarities on its spatial evolution. The free-phase product of light hydrocarbons, leaked from a tank, deserved investigations due to its anomalous migration trend, which was not consistent with the static groundwater flow direction of the area. The collection of geological and hydrogeological data and their organization into a GIS database allowed reconstructing the evolutionary stage of the plume within the 2014–2020 time interval, providing some explanation to the scientific problem. The supernatant thickness was compared with the groundwater oscillation, leading to consideration on the aquifer typology. The causes of the peculiar migration trend were found in three main factors, among which the geological and geostructural ones gain a key relevance. Achieved results show that the rock mass fracturing and the presence of underground structures, probably of tectonic origin, are responsible in driving the contamination plume through a preferential path under the dynamic condition induced by anthropic activities. This supports the need of underground geological and geostructural knowledge when dealing with similar issues and when designing specific remediation measures; the case study presented herein demonstrates that the correct location of remedial measures is crucial for reclamation purposes. Furthermore, data were statistically analyzed looking for a relation between real and apparent supernatant thickness. Prediction equations, for a quick estimation of the contamination entity in such type of aquifers, are presented providing hints for future studies on other settings worldwide.
Scientific laws of research funding to support citations and diffusion of knowledge in life science
Authors: Mosleh Melika , Roshani Saeed , Coccia Mario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the main problems in scientometrics is to explore the factors that affect the growth of citations in publications to identify best practices of research policy to increase the diffusion of scientific research and knowledge in science and society. The principal purpose of this study is to analyze how research funding affects the citation-based performance of scientific output in vital research fields of life science, which is a critical province (area of knowledge) in science to improve the wellbeing of people. This study uses data from the Scopus database in 2015 (to assess the impact on citations in 2021, after more than 5 years) concerning different disciplines of life science, given by “agricultural and biological sciences”, “biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology”, “Immunology and microbiology”, “neuroscience” and “pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics”. Results demonstrate that although journals publish un-funded articles more than funded publications in all disciplines of life science, the fraction of total citations in funded papers is higher than the share in the total number of publications. In short, funded documents receive more citations than un-funded papers in all research fields of life science under study. Findings also support that citations of total (funded + un-funded), funded, and un-funded published papers have a power-law distribution in all five research fields of life science. Original results here reveal a general property in scientific development: funded research has a higher scaling potential than un-funded publications. Critical implications of research policy, systematized in a decision-making matrix, suggest that R&D investments in “Neuroscience” can generate a positive impact of scientific results in science and society-in terms of citations-higher than other research fields in medicine. Overall, then, results here can explain some characteristics driving scientific change and help policymakers and scholars to allocate resources towards research fields that facilitate the development and diffusion of scientific research and knowledge in life science for positive societal impact.