bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical diversity and pharmacological effects of triterpenes from genus Ziziphus: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sakna Sarah T. , Maghraby Yasmin R. , Abdelfattah Mohamed S. , Farag Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from its edible fruits due to its diverse phytochemicals. The genus is grown in several world locations to encompass mainly Z. jujuba, Z. xylopyrus, Z. spina-christi, Z. lotus, Z. mauritiana, Z. celata, etc. Folk medicinal uses reported in genus Ziziphus include treating headaches, obesity, common colds, diabetes, hypertension, and infections. Scientific reports published till 2022 on Ziziphus phytochemistry and biological activities are discussed in this review, emphasizing the last 10 years to include a variety of phytochemicals, viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Terpenoids and saponins are ubiquitous in the genus Ziziphus, and to account for many of its health benefits. Consequently, this study focused on these two phytoconstituent classes never reviewed before in literature. Reported effects for Ziziphus triterpenes included antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory agents. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all Ziziphus species, with recapitulation on triterpenoids/saponins for utilization as therapeutic agents.
Modeling and Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Steelmaking Process in an Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Hernández Jesús D. , Onofri Luca , Engell Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive model of an industrial electric arc furnace (EAF) that is based upon several rigorous first-principles submodels of the heat exchange in the EAF and practical experience from an industrial melt shop. The model is suited for process simulation, optimization, and control applications. It assumes that the energy demand of the process is satisfied by six sources, the electric arc, the oxy-fuel burners, the oxygen lances, the combustion of coal, and the oxidation of metal in the liquid and in the solid phase. The energy exchange between the liquid and the solid phase due to liquid metal splashing is also considered. The different mechanisms of heat exchange are represented in the model as follows: (a) the radiative heat exchange from the arc to the other phases is computed using the DC circuit analogy, where the view factors are calculated using exact formulae and Monte-Carlo algorithms. (b) The energy input from the oxy-fuel burner is modeled using simplified geometries for which heat transfer relationships are known. (c) The amount of heat released by the oxidation of solid metal is described by the quadratic corrosion formula. (d) The energy exchange from the bath to the solid phase due to splashing is modeled using relationships and experimental data that are available in the literature. The model contains the melting rates and the efficiency of the oxygen lancing as free parameters; their values were computed by a least squares fit to process data of an industrial Ultra-High-Power EAF. In comparison with existing EAF models, the model presented here describes the dynamic behavior of the melting process more realistically. Based on the model, time-dependent energy efficiency curves for the various contributions and for the overall process are computed and discussed.
Forest Owners’ Perspectives Concerning Non-Timber Forest Products, Everyman’s Rights, and Organic Certification of Forests in Eastern Finland
Authors: Muttilainen Hanna , Hallikainen Ville , Miina Jari , Vornanen Juha , Vanhanen Henri 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal trends towards the bioeconomy and multidimensional ecosystem-based approaches are transforming our understanding of forests and expanding access to forest management. The demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is increasing due to the current trends in lifestyle and consumption. Forest owners play a key role in the supply of NTFPs. However, many forest owners are not committed to production or aware of the opportunities for production of their forests. Understanding better the family forest owners’ behaviour and decision making regarding NTFPs is needed to strengthen the role of NTFPs in the Finnish bioeconomy. In this study, forest owners’ perspectives concerning NTFPs, Everyman’s Rights, and organic certification of forests were identified. The survey data were collected by emailing the questionnaire to North Karelian forest owners and analysed by creating forest owner typologies based on their forest ownership motives and perspectives concerning NTFPs. Regarding forest ownership motives, four owner groups of relatively equal size were identified and named as recreationist, conservationists, timber producers, and resigning owners leaving the forest property to the next generation. Regarding their use of NTFPs and interest in producing NTFPs four groups of owners were identified: owners who 1) harvested NTFPs for household use or 2) sale, 3) would allow the harvesting of NTFPs not covered by everyman’s right, and 4) need more information on the joint production of timber and NTFPs not covered by Everyman’s Rights. Most owners were household users. The results can be utilised to promote NTFP production and advocate for the more effective organic certification of forests for different forest owner groups.
Experimental Determination of Aerodynamic Downforce with Pseudo-Inverse Method Variation
Authors: Castriota A. , Manieri D. , Nobile R. , Panella F. W. , Sanasi G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effective evaluation of loads acting on a vehicle is a fundamental challenge in several engineering applications. Where possible, instruments such as load cells are used for a direct measurement of these loads, otherwise local strain measurements can provide an indirect determination of forces or pressures reaction. In this case, an adequate number of strain measurements in proper location is required to achieve correct load measurements, using a pseudo inverse method. In the present work, a variation of the classical method of applied forces calculation from the deformation data is presented for automotive applications, in particular in the case of reduced detected deformations number, lower than necessary for loads determined by static equilibrium. Finally, the method is tested on a real case study, where the aerodynamic downforce generated by the rear wing of a high-performance car is measured.
Development of electrolytes for rechargeable zinc-air batteries: current progress, challenges, and future outlooks
Authors: Getie Fentahun Adamu , Ayele Delele Worku , Habtu Nigus Gabbiye , Yihun Fantahun Aklog , Yemata Temesgen Atnafu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review presents the current developments of various electrolyte systems for secondary zinc air batteries (SZABs). The challenges and advancements in aqueous electrolytes (e.g., alkaline, acidic and neutral) and non-aqueous electrolytes (e.g., solid polymer electrolyte, ionic liquids, gel polymer electrolyte, and deep eutectic solvents) development have been reviewed. Moreover, chemical and physical characteristics of electrolytes such as power density, capacity, rate performance, cyclic ability, and safety that play a vital role in recital of the SZABs have been reviewed. Finally, the challenges and limitations that must be investigated and possible future research areas of SZABs electrolytes are discussed.
Electrospun Fibers Control Drug Delivery for Tissue Regeneration and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Longfei , Hao Ruinan , Qin Junjie , Song Jian , Chen Xiaofeng , Rao Feng , Zhai Jiliang , Zhao Yu , Zhang Liqun , Xue Jiajia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVersatile strategies have been developed to construct electrospun fiber-based drug delivery systems for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. We first introduce the construction of electrospun fiber scaffolds and their various structures, as well as various commonly used types of drugs. Then, we discuss some representative strategies for controlling drug delivery by electrospun fibers, with specific emphasis on the design of endogenous and external stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. Afterwards, we summarize the recent progress on controlling drug delivery with electrospun fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering, including soft tissue engineering (such as skin, nerve, and cardiac repair) and hard tissue engineering (such as bone, cartilage, and musculoskeletal systems), as well as for cancer therapy. Furthermore, we provide future development directions and challenges facing the use of electrospun fibers for controlled drug delivery, aiming to provide insights and perspectives for the development of smart drug delivery platforms and improve clinical therapeutic effects in tissue regeneration and cancer therapy.
Graphical abstract
Making Europe
Authors: Beckert Sven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article reviews how historians and economists have thought about the economic history of Europe. It notes that internal explanations that paid little attention to the non-European world have been dominant for more than a century, and reviews some of the reasons for that Eurocentrism. Such navel-gazing, however, has also been increasingly challenged for some time now, at first especially by non-European scholars and activists. The latter parts of the article explore current debates within the discipline and its increasing acknowledgment of the interactions between European and non-European economies. Two areas of discussion that have played a crucial role in this evolution are detailed in particular: the question of the role of slavery in European economic development and the rich debates taking place in the relatively new field of global labor history. Overall, efforts to write the economic history of Europe confined to its own ill-defined boundaries might serve particular political needs, but they are, in fact, historically inaccurate.
Pharmacist and physician insight of vancomycin therapeutic drug-monitoring changes
Authors: Gregory Eric R. , Stun Lucy , Mason Matt J. , Wilson Nicole M. , Hammoud Kassem A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The updated vancomycin guideline for treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections prompted institutions to convert from trough to area-under-the-curve monitoring. The physician perception of the transition, coupled with that of pharmacists, was measured by pre- and postimplementation surveys. Both groups believed safety would be increased without efficacy changes.
Comparaison internationale des taux d’investissement
Authors: de Voghel Luc 
Published: September 2022

Depuis quelque temps, on s’est beaucoup préoccupé en Belgique de la faible croissance de notre produit national brut au cours des années récentes, relativement à l’évolution dans les autres pays européens, et particulièrement chez nos partenaires du Marché commun.En nous plaçant dans l’hypothèse d’une croissance à taux constant, d’année en année, du produit national brut, le tableau suivant donne les coefficients qui auraient été ceux des différents pays, entre 1950 et 1959. Le calcul a été effectué pour le P.N.B., par tête d’habitant, aux prix du marché, calculé aux prix constants de 1954.
A Multi-Sectoral Model of the Supply Side Application to Egypt
Authors: Grais Wafik M. 
Published: September 2022

In the framework of a sequential equilibrium planning model, an explanation of labour demand allowing for discrepancies between implicit and actual wages is put forward. An extension of the input-output price system to take account of decreasing returns to scale is considered by introducing surpluses. The model is applied to Egypt on the period 1970-1989.Labour demand is sometimes derived in planning models (1) under the assumption of profit maximization leading to the equalization of marginal productivity, valued at net prices, and, nominal wage. Furthermore wages are assumed equal over sectors. A different approach is taken here.
Etablissement d'une projection macroéconomique à l'aide du modèle RENA
Authors: Bogaert H. , de Biolley T. , de Falleur R. , Huge P. 
Published: September 2022

Cette étude est consacrée à la mise au point et à l'analyse d'une projection d'ensemble établie à l'aide du modèle RENA. La projection ci-après peut être considérée comme un essai officieux — et encore imparfait sur plus d'un point - d'actualiser l'ancienne projection dite de “référence” publiée par le Bureau du Plan en décembre 1973 en vue de servir de base aux travaux préparatoires à la définition des orientations du Plan 1976-1980.Une première section rappellera les caractéristiques du modèle RENA, tel qu'il a été fourni au Bureau du Plan par les centres universitaires qui l'ont construit, ainsi que les principaux aménagements qui y ont été apportés progressivement par l'équipe économétrique de la Direction Générale du Bureau du Plan.
Railroads, engineers, and the development of spatial economics in France
Authors: Ekelund Robert B. , Hébert Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis article traces a little-known French tradition in spatial economics that was advanced by state engineers who were trained at the École des Ponts et Chaussées and worked for the State corps of engineers. Spurred in part by changes in power technology, especially the advent of the railroad, these engineers pioneered the spatial aspects of competition in a microeconomic framework. The contributions of Jules Dupuit (1804-1866) and Emile Cheysson (1836-1910) are especially singled out for analysis, and are shown to have anticipated later important developments in spatial economic theory.
Linear bonds valuation with interest rate models: Does it work?
Authors: Winne Rudy De 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper compares the implications of different interest rate models for valuing the so-called OLOs (Belgian coupon bonds). The prices of these bonds implied by some well-known one-factor models are compared to the actual prices observed on the market. Our finding suggest that these interest rate models are unsatisfactory, especially in valuing longer term bonds.
Enhancing The Performance of Credit Unions: The Evolution of a Methodology
Authors: O. Fried Harold , Lovell C.A. Knox 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn the United States credit unions are not-for-profit cooperative financial institutions, owned by and operated for the benefit of their members. Being part of a cooperative movement enhances the likelihood that credit unions will share performance-enhancing ideas, for the benefit of weak credit unions and the movement as a whole. In this paper we show how a conventional performance evaluation methodology has evolved into a novel performance enhancement methodology. The evolution of the methodology is the result of cooperations among individual credit union managements, movement officials and the authors. The evolution is illustrated with 1990 data on nearly 9,000 credit unions.
Is there an Explanation for the Current Inflation
Authors: Steinherr Alfred 
Published: September 2022

For the last 25 years the industrial countries of the West have experienced continuous rises in price levels. However, as shown in Table 1, price indexes rose moderately until the end of the sixties but show a sharp acceleration from then onwards. In this paper attempts are made to identify and explain the main causes of that acceleration. It is, of course, obvious that in every country special factors and circumstances contributed to differences in national inflation rates. These factors we shall neglect.In a similar effort Nordhaus (1972) emphasized that it is difficult to accept the large number of special factors and theories offered to explain the worldwide inflationary phenomenon. After testing, and rejecting as generally applicable, several hypotheses (the monetarist theory, the naive Phillips curve, the expectations Phillips curve, frustration theories, and the Scandinavian model) Nordhaus offers his own interpretation. In a world of interdependent economies a disturbance in one part of the world tends to be transmitted to other parts of the world through linkages in commodity trade and in financial markets. The particular disturbance identified by Nordhaus is the abrupt acceleration of the U.S. price level around 1968. While, as can again be seen from Table 1, U.S. prices were more stable than world market prices before 1968 this was no longer true after 1968.
Computing price trends in sequential auctions
Authors: Chanel Olivier , Vincent Stéphanie 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper compares various methods used for measuring price trends in sequential auctions and draws on index number theory. Data from wine auctions are used to show that different methods applied to the same data may lead to significantly different conclusions. Moreover the same method can even lead to opposite results depending on the way pairs are selected within the set of similar objects sold sequentially. Finally, the number of identical objects being sold also influences the price trend.
À propos de la prétendue spécificité de l’approche classique
Authors: Gravel Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

RésuméDans cet article, je met en cause l’allégation de Duménil et Lévy selon laquelle l’« approche classique » offrirait une alternative au cadre conceptuel d’Arrow-Debreu en théorie micro-économique. Plus spécifiquement, l’argumentation développée dans cet article est à l’effet que les deux propositions principales de l’approche classique — l’égalité des taux de profits d’équilibre et l’indépendance des prix d’équilibre par rapport aux demandes des ménages — sont, respectivement, une caractéristique indissociable de l’équilibre général du modèle Arrow-Debreu et un cas particulier de ce cadre conceptuel. En outre, je soutiens la thèse que les modèles de déséquilibres de Duménil et Lévy sont ad hoc et, pour cette raison, sont incapables de fournir des fondements micro-économiques à la modélisation du comportement hors-équilibre du système économique.
Advertising and endogenous exit in a differentiated
duopoly
Authors: Mantovani Andrea , Mion Giordano 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn this paper we consider a two-stage duopoly game where firms first decide
whether to invest in advertising and then compete in prices. Advertising has
two effects: a market enlargement for both firms and a predatory gain for
the investing firm only.Both symmetric and asymmetric equilibria may arise. The two most interesting
cases are a coordination game where both firms investing
and non-investing are equilibria, and a chicken game where
only one firm invests while the other is possibly driven (endogenously) out
of the market. Our results suggest that product differentiation has an
ambiguous impact on investment in advertising and that strong product
substitutabihty may induce a coordination problem.
Formation des cartels : concepts et application a la différenciation spatiale
Authors: Giraud-Héraud Eric , Hammoudi Hakim 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCet article propose d’analyser le lien entre la stabilité d’un cartel et les problèmes qui ont prévalus à sa formation. Pour cela nous reconsidérons, dans un contexte dissymétrique, les concepts de stabilité proposés à l’origine par d’Aspremont, Jacquemin, Gabszewicz et Weymark [1983]. L’hétérogénéité des agents dans l’industrie nous conduit alors à adopter une approche « individu par individu » permettant de dresser une typologie des participants potentiels à la formation du cartel. Nous illustrons cette analyse conceptuelle par une application à un contexte de différenciation spatiale.
Le problème de la coordination dans la controverse Hayek-Keynes
Authors: Zouache Abdallah 
Published: September 2022

RésuméNotre analyse de la coordination inter-individuelle dans la controverse Hayek-Keynes nous permet de distinguer deux types de problème de coordination. Le problème de coordination au sens de Hayek est temporaire. II est la conséquence de chocs informationnels exogènes perturbant les interactions entre les individus. II implique un concept de chômage temporaire. Le problème de coordination au sens de Keynes est permanent. II est le résultat endogène des interactions entre les individus évoluant au sein de marchés interdépendants. II conduit au concept de chômage involontaire au sens de Keynes.
L’inflation pourrait-elle repartir en Europe? Expliquer les taux d’intérêt réels et les déficits
Authors: Artus Patrick 
Published: September 2022

RésuméUtilisant un modèle théorique à deux périodes, nous essayons de comprendre pourquoi les pays européens ont choisi, dans la période récente, de mener des politiques monétaires restrictives. Nous analysons si l’augmentation de la dette publique qui en résulte ne les conduira pas à choisir, dans le futur, une inflation élevée en contradiction avec l’objectif d’inflation faible qui est affiché.
Systèmes de retraite et redistribution intragénérationnelle
Authors: Belan Pascal 
Published: September 2022

RésuméNous considérons un modèle à générations imbriquées en économie fermée avec des travailleurs qualifiés et des travailleurs non qualifiés. Il existe un système de retraite obligatoire qui se décompose en deux branches: une branche avec financement par répartition, cotisations proportionnelles aux salaires et prestations uniformes et une branche basée sur le double principe de la capitalisation et de la commutati-vité. Nous étudions la solution optimale stationnaire choisie par un planificateur qui maximise un critère de bien-être social utilitariste. Nous montrons que, si l'économie sans système de retraite est en sous-accumulation mais pas trop éloignée de la règle d'or ou en suraccumulation, il est optimal d'introduire les deux systèmes.
L'hypothèse de marchés financiers complets et l'évaluation des options
Authors: Rouzaud Catherine 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCet article cherche à expliciter la signification et le rôle de l'hypothèse de marchés financiers complets dans les modèles d'évaluation des options. Son objectif est de manifester la force et la nécessité des hypothèses faites dans ce type de modèles sur l'évolution du prix de l'actif de référence.
Structure des taux d'intérêt et consommation
Authors: Aprahamian Frédéric , Fiori Georges , Michel Philippe 
Published: September 2022

RésuméSous l'hypothèse de prévisions parfaites et en horizon infini, nous proposons un modèle des choix de consommation d'un agent représentatif dont le revenu, à chaque période, se compose de son salaire et du rendement du stock d'actifs qu'il détient. Une partie de sa consommation est financée par la monnaie et le solde éventuel par un crédit à la consommation. Nous montrons que l'agent peut faire appel au crédit alors qu'il détient des actifs dont le rendement est inférieur au taux d'emprunt. Nous mettons en évidence l'effet positif sur la consommation du taux d'intérêt des actifs et l'effet négatif du taux d'intérêt à la consommation. Ce résultat est confirmé par une étude empirique portant sur des données trimestrielles françaises.
Les anticipations rationnelles et la rationalité: examen de quelques modèles d'apprentissage
Authors: Mongin Philippe 
Published: September 2022

RésuméOn se propose ici d'explorer la sémantique de l'hypothèse d'anticipations rationnelles telle qu'on la trouve formalisée chez Muth et Lucas. On montre tout d'abord que cette hypothèse appelle une interprétation tantôt comme condition d'équilibre, tantôt comme exigence de rationalité individuelle. On s'interroge ensuite sur la compatibilité de ces deux interprétations, avant de conclure par la négative. Il n'est même pas établi qu'une fois à l'équilibre d'anticipations rationnelles, des agents rationnels ne devraient pas en dévier. L'hypothèse apparaît comme un concept formel de stationnarité en univers stochastique plutôt qu'elle ne décrit la rationalité cognitive des agents. L'argumentation repose sur une analyse des difficultés et paradoxes qui surgissent dans les modèles de révision des croyances (ou d'“apprentissage des anticipations rationnelles”).