bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting soil erosion and sediment yields during flash floods: The disastrous case of Mandra, Greece, 2017
Authors: Kaffas Konstantinos , Papaioannou George , Varlas George , Al Sayah Mario J. , Papadopoulos Anastasios , Dimitriou Elias , Katsafados Petros , Righetti Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFlash floods, among the most destructive natural hazards, are commonly studied as to their catastrophic power in terms of fatalities, infrastructure damages and economic losses. A devastating aftermath of flash floods, which has not received much‐deserved attention in the literature, is the sizeable and permanent soil loss due to soil erosion and sediment yields. This study aims at forecasting soil erosion and sediment yields due to the disastrous storm event that occurred in Mandra town (western Attica, Greece) on 15 November 2017. Gridded hydrometeorological forecasts were conducted at 5‐min and 1‐h time steps by means of the chemical hydrological atmospheric ocean wave system (CHAOS). The forecasts of soil erosion and sediment yields were achieved by a high‐resolution geographic information system (GIS) application of the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) on the basis of the forecasted surface runoff hydrographs. The entire event lasted from the afternoon of 14 November until noon of 15 November, but the bulk of the disastrous storm occurred in the morning of 15 November 2017, flooding two torrent basins. As a result of the extreme flash flood, 2195 tons and 1435 tons of sediment were forecasted to be detached from the body of the soil's surface and transported to the stream networks of the Soures and Agia Aikaterini Torrent basins which cross Mandra. Soil erosion maps were constructed for every hour and the spatial and temporal evolution of soil erosion was shown throughout the event. This study provides concrete insights on the erosion‐prone areas of the study basins, which can inform actions against erosion.
Data‐driven approach to design energy‐efficient joint precoders at source and relay using deep learning in MIMO‐CRNs
Authors: Sahu Deepak , Maurya Shikha , Bansal Matadeen , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article studies the problem of designing energy‐efficient joint precoder at source and relay for multiple‐input multiple‐output cognitive relay networks (MIMO‐CRNs). Existing optimization methods typically suffer from high computational complexity of finding the optimal solution for such nonconvex fractional programming problems. In contrast to prior works, this article considers a data‐driven approach to design the joint precoders using a deep neural network (DNN). The proposed DNN learns the optimal precoder weights on a set of different channel matrices during the offline training phase and allows the computational cost reduction in the online deployment phase. The numerical results demonstrate that this approach provides a comparable performance at significantly lower computational complexity in comparison with the conventional optimization‐based algorithm. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed approach is quite robust against the variations in the channel statistics, which makes it suitable for real‐time implementation.
The Surrogation of Surrogacy: The Perils and Pitfalls of Epistemic Authority
Authors: Teti Stowe Locke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile philosophers have long noted that having knowledge alone is not sufficient reason to act, in bioethics, we take epistemic authority to be sufficient justification for decisional authority. A bit of disambiguation focuses this concern; surrogation is a psychological phenomenon found in business practices whereby a measure of something of interest evolves to replace the thing itself. In an everyday example of surrogation, a manager tasked with increasing customer satisfaction begins to believe that the customer satisfaction survey score is in fact customer satisfaction. In the clinical setting, an equivalent would involve the belief that a surrogate decision‐maker's wishes for the patient are the patient's own wishes. Recounting a father's unexpected life‐or‐death decision about treatment for an adult son, this essay explores the perils and pitfalls of taking epistemic authority to be sufficient justification for decisional authority.
Advance Directives: The Principle of Determining Authenticity
Authors: Carter Matilda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn medical ethics, there is a well‐established debate about the authority of advance directives over people living with dementia, a dispute often cast as a clash between two principles: respecting autonomy and beneficence toward patients. In this article, I argue that there need be only one principle in substitute decision‐making: determining authenticity. This principle favors a substituted judgment standard in all cases and instructs decision‐makers to determine what the patient would authentically prefer to happen—based not merely on the patient’s decisions but also on their present settled dispositions. Adhering to this principle entails that, in a significant range of cases, an advance directive can (and indeed ought to) be overruled.
Brain‐age estimation accuracy is significantly increased using multishell free‐water reconstruction
Authors: Nemmi Federico , Levardon Mathilde , Péran Patrice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough free‐water diffusion reconstruction for diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) data can be applied to both single‐shell and multishell data, recent finding in synthetic data suggests that the free‐water indices from single‐shell acquisition should be interpreted with care, as they are heavily influenced by initialization parameters and cannot discriminate between free‐water and mean diffusivity modifications. However, whether using a longer multishell acquisition protocol significantly improve reconstruction for real human MRI data is still an open question. In this study, we compare canonical diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), single‐shell and multishell free‐water imaging (FW) indices derived from a short, clinical compatible diffusion protocol (b = 500 s/mm2, b = 1,000 s/mm2, 32 directions each) on their power to predict brain age. Age was chosen as it is well‐known to be related to widespread modification of the white matter and because brain‐age estimation has recently been found to be relevant to several neurodegenerative diseases. We used a previously developed and validated data‐driven whole‐brain machine learning pipeline to directly compare the precision of brain‐age estimates in a sample of 89 healthy males between 20 and 85 years old. We found that multishell FW outperform DTI indices in estimating brain age and that multishell FW, even when using low (500 ms2) b‐values secondary shell, outperform single‐shell FW. Single‐shell FW led to lower brain‐age estimation accuracy even of canonical DTI indices, suggesting that single‐shell FW indices should be used with caution. For all considered reconstruction algorithms, the most discriminant indices were those measuring free diffusion of water in the white matter.
Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation improved progression‐free survival of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients: A single‐center, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Wang Tao , Xu Lili , Gao Lei , Tang Gusheng , Chen Li , Chen Jie , Wang Yang , Fu Weijia , Yue Wenqin , Ye Mingyu , Yu Jiechen , Yu Xuejun , Feng Dongge , Zhang Aiping , Yang Jianmin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CART) are salvage therapies that are utilised for treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, whether the combination therapy of ASCT and CART (ASCT‐CART) can improve the survival of R/R DLBCL remains unknown. Overall, 67 R/R DLBCL patients were included, among which 21 patients underwent ASCT‐CART therapy and 46 patients underwent ASCT therapy. The median number of mononuclear cells numbers that were infused in the ASCT‐CART and ASCT groups was 4.71 × 108/kg and 5.36 × 108/kg, respectively (p = 0.469). The median number of CD34+ cell numbers that were infused in the ASCT‐CART and ASCT groups was 2.41 × 106/kg and 3.05 × 106/kg, respectively (p = 0.663). The median number of CART cells that were infused was 2.63 × 106/kg with a median transduction rate of 59.83%. The objective response rates to ASCT‐CART and ASCT therapy were 90% and 89%, respectively (p = 1.000). However, the ASCT‐CART group showed higher complete remission (CR) rates than the ASCT group (71% vs. 33%; p = 0.003). The ASCT‐CART group demonstrated superior 3 year progression‐free survival (PFS) (80% vs. 44%; p = 0.036) and lower 3 year relapse/progression rate (15% vs. 56%; p = 0.015) compared to the ASCT group. However, the 3 year overall survival results indicated that there were no differences between the two groups (80% vs. 69%; p = 0.545). For R/R DLBCL patients, ASCT‐CART therapy is associated with higher CR rate, better PFS, and lower relapse/progression rate. These data support that ASCT‐CART therapy can be used as a salvage therapy for R/R DLBCL patients.
Cancer in twin pairs discordant for smoking: The Nordic Twin Study of Cancer
Authors: Korhonen Tellervo , Hjelmborg Jacob , Harris Jennifer R. , Clemmensen Signe , Adami Hans‐Olov , Kaprio Jaakko ,   Nordic Twin Study of Cancer (NorTwinCan) collaboration
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe discordant twin pair study design is powerful to control for familial confounding. We employed this approach to investigate the associations of smoking with several cancers. The NorTwinCan study combines data from the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish twin and cancer registries. Follow‐up started when smoking status was determined and ended at cancer diagnosis confirmed by information in the cancer registry, death or end of follow‐up. We classified the participants as never (n = 59 093), former (n = 21 168) or current (n = 47 314) smokers. We pooled data from twin pairs where one co‐twin was diagnosed with any of the following tobacco‐related cancers: esophagus, kidney, larynx, liver, oral cavity, pancreas, pharynx or urinary bladder, while their co‐twin had none of those. Lung cancer was included in further analysis. We used Cox regression allowing for pair‐specific baseline functions to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For tobacco‐related cancer sites, we recorded 7379 cases during median 27 years of follow‐up. The analyses based on individual twins showed that former (HR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17‐1.48) and current (HR 2.14 [1.95‐2.34]) smokers are at increased risk to develop one of cancers listed above, compared to never smokers. Among 109 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for cancer and smoking, the HR was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.15‐2.98) among current smokers and 1.69 (1.00‐2.87) among former smokers when compared to their never smoking co‐twin. Thus, associations of smoking with several cancers were replicated for discordant identical twin pairs. Analyses based on genetically informative data provide evidence consistent with smoking causing multiple cancers.
Origin of Life: Chiral Short RNA Chains Capable of Non‐Enzymatic Peptide Bond Formation
Authors: Bose Tanaya , Fridkin Gil , Bashan Anat , Yonath Ada 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA semi‐symmetric vestige of an RNA apparatus with stereochemically controlled ribozyme capabilities is embedded and functions as the site of peptide bond formation within all contemporary ribosomes, a finding that is in line with Lahav and Leiserowitz earlier discoveries on stereochemically controlled chemical reactions. As the structure of this semi‐symmetrical self‐folded RNA entity is almost fully conserved in all known ribosomes, it seems to be resilient to evolution, thus hinting at its pre‐biotic origin and hence, suggested by us, to be the protoribosome. Recent studies, described shortly below, demonstrated peptide bond formation by the laboratory‐designed protoribosomes, which supports the notion that a pre‐biotic bonding entity is still functioning in all contemporary ribosomes.
Effective restoration measures in river‐floodplain ecosystems: Lessons learned from the ‘Wilde Mulde’ project
Authors: Schulz‐Zunkel Christiane , Seele‐Dilbat Carolin , Anlanger Christine , Baborowski Martina , Bondar‐Kunze Elisabeth , Brauns Mario , Gapinski Cedric M. , Gründling Ralf , Haaren Christina von , Hein Thomas , Henle Klaus , Junge Frank W. , Kasperidus Hans. D. , Koll Katinka , Kretz Lena , Rast Georg , Schnauder Ingo , Scholz Mathias , Schrenner Heiko , Sendek Agnieszka , Sprössig Claudia , Tavares Claudia Nogueira , Vieweg Michael , von Tümpling Wolf , Weitere Markus , Wirth Christian , Wunsch Tobias , Dziock Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last 40 years, a growing number of restoration projects have been implemented to improve the ecological conditions of highly degraded rivers and their floodplains. Despite considerable investment in these projects, information is still limited about the effectiveness and the success of such river restoration measures, mainly due to a lack of standardised and interdisciplinary assessment approaches. During the project ‘Wilde Mulde—Restoration of a dynamic riverine landscape in Central Germany’, we implemented hydromorphological restoration measures (installation of large wood, removal of rip‐rap, reconnection of a former river side‐arm) along a lowland river in Central Germany. We carried out intensive scientific monitoring of biodiversity, hydromorphology, ecosystem functions and services, as well as socio‐economic aspects. A Before/After‐Control/Impact (BACI) design was used to identify the spatial and temporal effects of the restoration measures and to distinguish them from changes caused by background variation. For this, we used a comprehensive set of indicators, including abiotic (flow velocity, diversity of riverbed topography, and flow resistance), biological (ecosystem respiration, macroinvertebrates, fish, carabids, vegetation, and birds) and socio‐economic (acceptance and public awareness) indicators as well as the ecosystem service indicator aesthetic quality of the landscape. To meet the inherent challenges of such a large‐scale field experiment, like unpredictable environmental conditions, we used an experimental approach that allowed us to demonstrate a measurable success of the implemented restoration measures. The majority of the abiotic and some of the biological and socio‐economic indicators at the restored sites approached values of a natural reference site while already deviating from values of a nonnatural reference site two years after restoration. In addition to the applied interdisciplinary approach, multiple scales of field investigations and data analyses are essential as key components for evaluating successful river and floodplain restoration projects.
COVID‐19 and risk of retraumatization in adults with a past exposure to potentially traumatic events: A cross‐cultural exploration across Egypt, Germany, and Italy
Authors: Fishere Mariam , Bartoli Eleonora 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to: (1) explore the links between past exposure to potentially traumatic events, fear of contracting COVID‐19 and perceived stress; (2) investigate how the exposure to traumagenic experiences affects one's locus of control over their health; and (3) examine fear, stress reactions and differences in health locus of control across three different sociocultural contexts.MethodsA total of 524 adult participants were recruited from Egypt, Germany, and Italy through online channels. Self‐reporting instruments were used to assess previous exposure to potentially traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, fear of COVID‐19, perceived stress, and health locus of control.ResultsOur findings highlight differences in reaction to COVID‐19 in relation to past exposure to potentially traumatic events and country of residence, both of which may inform tailored community‐based intervention practices.ConclusionThe impact of COVID‐19 might be particularly disruptive for people who survived potentially traumatic experiences. Nevertheless, the mass mental health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic varies across different sociocultural contexts.
Synthesis a group of 5(6)‐substituted benzimidazole Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes and investigation their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Yılmaz Ülkü , Apohan Elif , Küçükbay Hasan , Yılmaz Özgür , Tatlıcı Eray , Yeşilada Özfer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of 5(6)‐substituted benzimidazole ligand‐zinc(II) and cobalt(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by1H,13C NMR, IR, CHN analysis techniques. In vitro, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of ligand and complexes were evaluated. The cytotoxic activities of compounds were investigated against the human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines and healthy human lung bronchial epithelium (BEAS2B) cells. Compounds1,6, and8were observed to exhibit higher cytotoxic activity than the others at the 72nd hour. Also, the compounds showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms used. Compounds1,5, and8were most effective against standard strainsPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853 andStaphylococcus aureusATCC 29213. As for the antifungal activity, compounds1,5,6, and8showed high antifungal activity against the yeast type fungiCandida albicansATCC 90028 andCandida tropicalis.
T cell activation and IFNγ modulate organ dysfunction in LPS-mediated inflammation
Authors: Taylor Matthew D , Fernandes Tiago D , Yaipen Omar , Higgins Cassidy E , Capone Christine A , Leisman Daniel E , Nedeljkovic-Kurepa Ana , Abraham Mabel N , Brewer Mariana R , Deutschman Clifford S 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLPS challenge is used to model inflammation-induced organ dysfunction. The effects of T cell activation on LPS-mediated organ dysfunction and immune responses are unknown. We studied these interactions through in vivo administration of anti-CD3ε (CD3) T cell activating antibody and LPS. Mortality in response to high-dose LPS (LPSHi; 600 μg) was 60%; similar mortality was observed with a 10-fold reduction in LPS dose (LPSLo; 60 μg) when administered with CD3 (CD3LPSLo). LPSHi and CD3LPSLo cohorts suffered severe organ dysfunction. CD3LPSLo led to increased IFNγ and IL12p70 produced by T cells and dendritic cells (cDCs) respectively. CD3LPSLo caused cDC expression of CD40 and MHCII and prevented PD1 expression in response to CD3. These interactions led to the generation of CD4 and CD8 cytolytic T cells. CD3LPSLo responded to IFNγ or IL12p40 blockade, in contrast to LPSHi. The combination of TCR activation and LPS (CD3LPSLo) dysregulated T cell activation and increased LPS-associated organ dysfunction and mortality through T cell and cDC interactions.
Repeatability and Reproducibility Assessment of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Prostate: A Trial of the ECOG‐ACRIN Research Group (ACRIN 6701)
Authors: Boss Michael A. , Snyder Bradley S. , Kim Eunhee , Flamini Dena , Englander Sarah , Sundaram Karthik M. , Gumpeni Naveen , Palmer Suzanne L. , Choi Haesun , Froemming Adam T. , Persigehl Thorsten , Davenport Matthew S. , Malyarenko Dariya , Chenevert Thomas L. , Rosen Mark A. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundUncertainty regarding the reproducibility of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) hampers the use of quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluation of the prostate with magnetic resonance imaging MRI. The quantitative imaging biomarkers alliance (QIBA) profile for quantitative DWI claims a within‐subject coefficient of variation (wCV) for prostate lesion ADC of 0.17. Improved understanding of ADC reproducibility would aid the use of quantitative diffusion in prostate MRI evaluation.PurposeEvaluation of the repeatability (same‐day) and reproducibility (multi‐day) of whole‐prostate and focal‐lesion ADC assessment in a multi‐site setting.Study TypeProspective multi‐institutional.SubjectsTwenty‐nine males, ages 53 to 80 (median 63) years, following diagnosis of prostate cancer, 10 with focal lesions.Field Strength/Sequence3T, single‐shot spin‐echo diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar sequence with four b‐values.AssessmentSites qualified for the study using an ice‐water phantom with known ADC. Readers performed DWI analyses at visit 1 (“V1”) and visit 2 (“V2,” 2–14 days after V1), where V2 comprised scans before (“V2pre”) and after (“V2post”) a “coffee‐break” interval with subject removal and repositioning. A single reader segmented the whole prostate. Two readers separately placed region‐of‐interests for focal lesions.Statistical TestsReproducibility and repeatability coefficients for whole prostate and focal lesions derived from median pixel ADC. We estimated the wCV and 95% confidence interval using a variance stabilizing transformation and assessed interreader reliability of focal lesion ADC using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe ADC biases from b0–b600 and b0–b800 phantom scans averaged 1.32% and 1.44%, respectively; mean b‐value dependence was 0.188%. Repeatability and reproducibility of whole prostate median pixel ADC both yielded wCVs of 0.033 (N = 29). In 10 subjects with an evaluable focal lesion, the individual reader wCVs were 0.148 and 0.074 (repeatability) and 0.137 and 0.078 (reproducibility). All time points demonstrated good to excellent interreader reliability for focal lesion ADC (ICCV1 = 0.89; ICCV2pre = 0.76; ICCV2post = 0.94).Data ConclusionThis study met the QIBA claim for prostate ADC. Test–retest repeatability and multi‐day reproducibility were largely equivalent. Interreader reliability for focal lesion ADC was high across time points.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2TOC CategoryPelvis