bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Replay-Associated Ripples and Hippocampal N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors: Preliminary Evidence From a PET-MEG Study in Schizophrenia
Authors: Nour Matthew M , Beck Katherine , Liu Yunzhe , Arumuham Atheeshaan , Veronese Mattia , Howes Oliver D , Dolan Raymond J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
Hippocampal replay and associated high-frequency ripple oscillations are among the best-characterized phenomena in resting brain activity. Replay/ripples support memory consolidation and relational inference, and are regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Schizophrenia has been associated with both replay/ripple abnormalities and NMDAR hypofunction in both clinical samples and genetic mouse models, although the relationship between these 2 facets of hippocampal function has not been tested in humans.

Study Design
Here, we avail of a unique multimodal human neuroimaging data set to investigate the relationship between the availability of (intrachannel) NMDAR binding sites in hippocampus, and replay-associated ripple power, in 16 participants (7 nonclinical participants and 9 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, PScz). Each participant had both a [18F]GE-179 positron emission tomography (PET) scan (to measure NMDAR availability, VT) and a magnetoencephalography (MEG) scan (to measure offline neural replay and associated high-frequency ripple oscillations, using Temporally Delayed Linear Modeling).

Study Results
We show a positive relationship between hippocampal NMDAR availability and replay-associated ripple power. This linkage was evident across control participants (r(5) = .94, P = .002) and PScz (r(7) = .70, P = .04), with no group difference.

Conclusions
Our findings provide preliminary evidence for a relationship between hippocampal NMDAR availability and replay-associated ripple power in humans, and haverelevance for NMDAR hypofunction theories of schizophrenia.
Evaluation of psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures frequently used in narcolepsy randomized controlled trials: a systematic review
Authors: Schokman Aaron , Bin Yu Sun , Naehrig Diana , Cheung Janet M Y , Kairaitis Kristina , Glozier Nick 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To systematically determine subjective and objective outcome measures used to measure the efficacy of narcolepsy interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults and children and assess psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used.

Methods
We searched bibliographical databases and clinical trial registries for narcolepsy RCTs and extracted objective and subjective outcome measures. If PROMs were used, we searched for psychometric studies conducted in a narcolepsy population using bibliographical databases and appraised using Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Results
In total, 80 different outcome measures were used across 100 RCTs. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (n = 49) and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (n = 47) were the most frequently used outcome measures. We found 19 validation studies of 10 PROMs in narcolepsy populations. There was limited evidence for validity or responsiveness of the ESS; yet sufficient reliability (pooled ICC: 0.81–0.87). Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS) had sufficient reliability (pooled ICC: 0.71–0.92) and both adult and pediatric versions had sufficient discriminant validity (treated/untreated). Content validity was only evaluated in pediatric populations for ESS-CHAD and NSS-P and rated inconclusive. Quality of evidence of the psychometric studies for all scales ranged from very low to low.

Conclusions
Although recognized by regulatory bodies and widely used as primary outcome measures in trials, there is surprisingly little evidence for the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of PROMs frequently used to assess treatment efficacy in narcolepsy. The field needs to establish patient-centered minimal clinically important differences for the PROMs used in these trials.
Supra-optimal leaf area index of a temperate lianaPueraria lobatafor competition withSolidago altissimaat the expense of canopy photosynthesis
Authors: Oikawa Shimpei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLeaf area index (LAI) measured for the actual plant canopy is higher than the LAI that maximizes canopy photosynthesis (referred to as optimal LAI) because each individual can increase its light interception by unilaterally producing more leaf area. The LAI of an invasive woody vine Pueraria lobata (kudzu) is one of the highest among plant species, sometimes attaining nearly 10 m2 m−2. The high LAI casts heavy shade over neighboring plants, making their survival difficult. Interesting to note is that the high LAI also increases self-shading, thereby decreasing its own photosynthesis processes. In the present study, the influences of the high LAI on light interception and canopy photosynthesis, as well as on the inter-specific competition was investigated on a roadside P. lobata vegetation in Japan. With the aid of a canopy photosynthesis model and a sensitivity analysis, it was revealed that the actual LAI was 2.2–3.0 times higher than the optimal LAI for maximizing canopy photosynthesis. In the following year, a field experiment was conducted where a nearly optimal LAI was maintained throughout the growth period by regularly clipping the leaves of P. lobata. Ultimately, the field results revealed that even with a nearly optimal LAI, P. lobata was outcompeted by a competing alien weed, Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod). These results indicate that the supra-optimal leaf area, rather than maximum canopy carbon gain, makes P. lobata the dominating species in light-competing environments.
A Novel Grading System of Destructive Lumbar Spondyloarthropathy Based on Evaluation of the Facet Joints
Authors: Hatano Masaki , Anno Masato , Miyoshi Kota , Isawa Kazuya , Hoshino Junichi , Sawa Naoki , Ubara Yoshifumi , Nakamura Masaki , Yamamoto Seizo , Kitajima Izuru 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To develop and evaluate a new grading system for destructive lumbar spondyloarthropathy (DLSA) by assessing bony destruction of the facet joints; to evaluate interrater reliability; and to determine the association between anteroposterior (AP) dural sac diameter at the lumbar level and the new grading.

Summary of Background Data.
The characteristics of DLSA are unknown, hindering clinical care and research. Imaging to determine the cause of DLSA may positively contribute to patient outcome or well-being by providing prognostic information.

Patients and Methods.
In the magnetic resonance images (MRIs), we measured an axial midline AP dural sac diameter and evaluated bone destruction caused by amyloidosis at the level of the center of each lumbar disk of the lumbar spine. Two orthopedic surgeons independently evaluated each case at two-month intervals and assigned the grade by rating bone destruction at each lumbar level. Weighted κ and intraclass correlation coefficients for interrater reliability were calculated. In addition, the correlation between the AP diameter of the spinal dural sac at the lumbar level and the new MRI-based DLSA grade was examined.

Results.
The sample size of 82 patients was reached by examining records of 118 consecutive patients. The mean (SD) age of the included patients was 65 (7.2) years, and 36 (43.9%) were women. The grading of DLSA showed moderate to good interrater reliability at both assessments (κ, 0.59–0.78). Intraclass correlation coefficient showed substantial to excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.63–0.86). The AP diameter of the spinal dural sac at the lumbar level showed a significant correlation with the new grading (P<0.001).

Conclusions.
The new MRI-based grading system for DLSA has good interrater reliability, although the strength of agreement varies somewhat. The new grading system correlates with AP dural sac diameter. Thus, this classification focused on facet erosion, which leads to functional incompetence may be helpful in surgical decision-making.
Evolution of Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Based on a Multicenter Prospective Study: Are Behaviors and Outcomes Changing With Experience?
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Krol Oscar , Moattari Kevin , Williamson Tyler K. , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Kim Han Jo , Daniels Alan , Diebo Bassel , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Mundis Gregory , Kebaish Khaled , Soroceanu Alexandra , Scheer Justin , Hamilton D. Kojo. , Klineberg Eric , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Vira Shaleen , Line Breton , Hart Robert , Burton Douglas C. , Schwab Frank A , Shaffrey Christopher , Bess Shay , Smith Justin S. , Ames Christopher P. ,   on behalf of the International Spine Study Group
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
Assess changes in outcomes and surgical approaches for adult cervical deformity surgery over time.

Summary of Background Data.
As the population ages and the prevalence of cervical deformity increases, corrective surgery has been increasingly seen as a viable treatment. Dramatic surgical advancements and expansion of knowledge on this procedure have transpired over the years, but the impact on cervical deformity surgery is unknown.

Materials and Methods.
Adult cervical deformity patients (18 yrs and above) with complete baseline and up to the two-year health-related quality of life and radiographic data were included. Descriptive analysis included demographics, radiographic, and surgical details. Patients were grouped into early (2013–2014) and late (2015–2017) by date of surgery. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to assess differences in surgical, radiographic, and clinical outcomes over time.

Results.
A total of 119 cervical deformity patients met the inclusion criteria. Early group consisted of 72 patients, and late group consisted of 47. The late group had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.3 vs. 0.72), more cerebrovascular disease (6% vs. 0%, both P<0.05), and no difference in age, frailty, deformity, or cervical rigidity. Controlling for baseline deformity and age, late group underwent fewer three-column osteotomies [odds ratio (OR)=0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06–0.76, P=0.014]. At the last follow-up, late group had less patients with: a moderate/high Ames horizontal modifier (71.7% vs. 88.2%), and overcorrection in pelvic tilt (4.3% vs. 18.1%, both P<0.05). Controlling for baseline deformity, age, levels fused, and three-column osteotomies, late group experienced fewer adverse events (OR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.28–0.8, P=0.03), and neurological complications (OR=0.1, 95% CI: 0.012–0.87, P=0.03).

Conclusion.
Despite a population with greater comorbidity and associated risk, outcomes remained consistent between early and later time periods, indicating general improvements in care. The later cohort demonstrated fewer three-column osteotomies, less suboptimal realignments, and concomitant reductions in adverse events and neurological complications. This may suggest a greater facility with less invasive techniques.
Organizational Factors That Promote Error Reporting in Healthcare: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wawersik Dawn , Palaganas Janice 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY

Goal:
The overarching aim of this systematic review was to offer guidelines for organizations and healthcare providers to create psychological safety in error reporting. The authors wanted to identify organizational factors that promote psychological safety for error reporting and identify gaps in the literature to explore innovative avenues for future research.

Methods:
The authors conducted an online search of peer-reviewed articles that contain organizational processes promoting or preventing error reporting. The search yielded 420 articles published from 2015 to 2021. From this set, 52 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Data from 29 articles were evaluated for quality using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.

Principal Findings:
We present a narrative review of the 29 studies that reported factors either promoting error reporting or serving as barriers. We also present our findings in tables to highlight the most frequently reported themes. Our findings reveal that many healthcare organizations work at opposite ends of the process continuum to achieve the same goals. Finally, our results highlight the need to explore cultural differences and personal biases among both healthcare leaders and clinicians.

Applications to practice:
The findings underscore the need for a deeper dive into understanding error reporting from the perspective of individual characteristics and organizational interests toward increasing psychological safety in healthcare teams and the workplace to strengthen patient safety.
Establishing a Sustainable Healthcare Delivery Workforce in the Wake of COVID-19
Authors: Weidman Allison J. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. healthcare sector was facing challenges that threatened the sustainability of its workforce. These challenges included changing demographics, competition from other employers, and burnout. Now in the wake of the pandemic, the labor market is seeing more disruption with the exacerbation of these issues. Healthcare organizations have a responsibility to prevent further labor shortages so that they can continue to deliver high quality care and achieve positive health outcomes. Given the changes in people’s values and behaviors, healthcare leaders can consider four innovative strategies to meet the needs of their current and future employees: flexible work arrangements, alternative benefits packages, career pathways, and mental health services. Organizations need to take into account their employee populations and the ability to invest in these changes when considering how to move forward.
Practice Variations in the Management of Infants With Non–IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Authors: Granot Maya , Machnes Maayan Diti , Weiss Batia , Haberman Yael , Agmon-Levin Nancy , Shouval Dror S. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
Infants with non–IgE-mediated food allergies are often referred to gastroenterologists or immunologists. We hypothesized that there are practice variations between these disciplines in the diagnosis and management of such infants.

Methods:
A computerized questionnaire was distributed between pediatric gastroenterologists and immunologists. The questions addressed diagnosis, management, and follow-up in 3 scenarios of infants with concern for food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) due to non–IgE-mediated responses to cow’s milk.

Results:
Three cases of infants with suspected FPIAP were presented: milk-based formula-fed (case 1) or breast-fed (case 2) infants that are well appearing and thriving, and a breast-fed infant who is not growing appropriately along with a personal and family history of atopy (case 3). Fifty-eight pediatric gastroenterologists and 32 immunologists completed the questionnaire. Significant differences between gastroenterologists and immunologists were noted regarding the recommended dietary changes in these scenarios. Moreover, despite available guidelines generated by both societies, most physicians confirm the diagnosis based on resolution of symptoms after the dietary change, without re-exposure to the the suspected trigger. In addition, time for recommended re-exposure in infants with FPIAP was also different; most gastroenterologists recommended waiting until 12 months of age, while immunologists suggested reintroduction earlier, up to 6 months of age.

Conclusions:
We identified significant practice variations in diagnosis and management of FPIAP between pediatric gastroenterologists and immunologists, with lack of adherence to society guidelines. Joint task forces of primary care pediatricians, gastroenterologists, and immunologists should provide uniform guidelines to standardize care.
Opioid use for a first-incident upper extremity fracture in 220,440 patients without recent prior use in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: MacDermid Joy C. , McClure J. Andrew , Richards Lucie , Faber Kenneth J. , Jaglal Susan 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To describe opioid use for a first upper extremity fracture in a cohort of patients who did not have recent opioid use.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiological study.

Setting:
Emergency Department, Hospital.

Patients/Participants:
We obtained health administrative data records of adults presenting with a first adult upper extremity fracture from 2013 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada. We excluded patients with previous fractures, opioid prescription in the past 6 months or hospitalization >5 days after the fracture.

Intervention:
Opioid prescription.

Main Outcome Measurements:
We identified the proportion of patients filling an opioid prescription within 7 days of fracture. We described this based on different upper extremity fractures (ICD-10), Demographics (age, sex, rurality), comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index, Rheumatoid arthritis, Diabetes), season of injury, and social marginalization (Ontario Marginalization Index-a data algorithm that combines a wide range of demographic indicators into 4 distinct dimensions of marginalization). We considered statistical differences (P< .01) that reached a standardized mean difference of 10% as being clinically important (standardized mean difference [SMD] ≥ 0.1).

Results:
From 220,440 patients with a first upper extremity fracture (50% female, mean age 50), opioids were used by 34% of cases overall (32% in males, 36% in females, P< .001, SMD ≥ 0.1). Use varied by body region, with those with multiple or proximal fractures having the highest use: multiple shoulder 64%, multiple regions 62%, shoulder 62%, elbow 38%, wrist 31%, and hand 21%; and was higher in patients who had a nerve/tendon injury or hospitalization (P< .01, SMD ≥ 0.1). Social marginalization, comorbidity, and season of injury had clinically insignificant effects on opioid use.

Conclusions:
More than one-third of patients who are recent-non-users will fill an opioid prescription within 7 days of a first upper extremity fracture, with usage highly influenced by fracture characteristics.
Level of Evidence: Level II
Patients value their own pain over braking safety when deciding when to return to driving: a discrete choice experiment on lower extremity injuries
Authors: DeLeon Genaro A. , Rolle Nicholas P. , Burke Cynthia E. , McKegg Phillip C. , Hannan Zachary D. , Ghulam Qasim M. , Gupta Jayesh , Bangura Abdulai , O’Connor Katherine C. , Slobogean Gerard P. , O’Toole Robert V. , O’Hara Nathan N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To quantify patient preferences towards time to return to driving relative to compromised reaction time and potential complication risks.

Design:
Cross-sectional discrete choice experiment.

Setting:
Academic trauma center.

Patients:
Ninety-six adult patients with an operative lower extremity fracture from December 2019 through December 2020.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Patient completed a discrete choice experiment survey consisting of 12 hypothetical return to driving scenarios with varied attributes: time to return to driving (range: 1 to 6 months), risk of implant failure (range: 1% to 12%), pain upon driving return (range: none to severe), and driving safety measured by braking distance (range: 0 to 40 feet at 60 mph). The relative importance of each attribute is reported on a scale of 0% to 100%.

Results:
Patients most valued a reduced pain level when resuming driving (62%), followed by the risk of implant failure (17%), time to return to driving (13%), and braking safety (8%). Patients were indifferent to returning to driving at 1 month (median utility: 28, interquartile range [IQR] −31 to 80) or 2 months (median utility: 59, IQR: 41 to 91) postinjury.

Conclusion:
Patients with lower extremity injuries demonstrated a willingness to forego earlier return to driving if it might mean a decrease in their pain level. Patients are least concerned about their driving safety, instead placing higher value on their own pain level and chance of implant failure. The findings of this study are the first to rigorously quantify patient preferences toward a return to driving and heterogeneity in patient preferences.

Level of Evidence:
V
Cellular microRNAs correlate with clinical parameters in multiple injury patients
Authors: Vicente Diego A. , Schobel Seth A. , Anfossi Simone , Hensman Hannah , Lisboa Felipe , Robertson Henry , Khatri Vivek , Bradley Matthew J. , Shimizu Masayoshi , Buchman Timothy G. , Davis Thomas A. , Dente Christopher J. , Kirk Allan D. , Calin George A. , Elster Eric A. 
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION
The pathophysiology of the inflammatory response after major trauma is complex, and the magnitude correlates with severity of tissue injury and outcomes. Study of infection-mediated immune pathways has demonstrated that cellular microRNAs may modulate the inflammatory response. The authors hypothesize that the expression of microRNAs would correlate to complicated recoveries in polytrauma patients (PtPs).

METHODS
Polytrauma patients enrolled in the prospective observational Tissue and Data Acquisition Protocol with Injury Severity Score of >15 were selected for this study. Polytrauma patients were divided into complicated recoveries and uncomplicated recovery groups. Polytrauma patients' blood samples were obtained at the time of admission (T0). Established biomarkers of systemic inflammation, including cytokines and chemokines, were measured using multiplexed Luminex-based methods, and novel microRNAs were measured in plasma samples using multiplex RNA hybridization.

RESULTS
Polytrauma patients (n = 180) had high Injury Severity Score (26 [20–34]) and complicated recovery rate of 33%. MicroRNAs were lower in PtPs at T0 compared with healthy controls, and bivariate analysis demonstrated that variations of microRNAs correlated with age, race, comorbidities, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary complications, complicated recovery, and mortality. Positive correlations were noted between microRNAs and interleukin 10, vascular endothelial growth factor, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Multivariable Lasso regression analysis of predictors of complicated recovery based on microRNAs, cytokines, and chemokines revealed that miR-21-3p and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were predictive of complicated recovery with an area under the curve of 0.78.

CONCLUSION
Systemic microRNAs were associated with poor outcomes in PtPs, and results are consistent with previously described trends in critically ill patients. These early biomarkers of inflammation might provide predictive utility in early complicated recovery diagnosis and prognosis. Because of their potential to regulate immune responses, microRNAs may provide therapeutic targets for immunomodulation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Tests/Criteria; Level II.