bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human and Pet-related Risk Factors for Household Evacuation Failure During a Natural Disaster
Authors: Heath Sebastian E. , Kass Philip H. , Beck Alan M. , Glickman Larry T. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
This study characterized risk factors for household evacuation failure. A random digit dial telephone survey was conducted of 397 households in Yuba County, California, in July 1997, 6 months after residents had been under evacuation notice due to flooding. Case households failed to evacuate, whereas control households evacuated. The cumulative incidence of household evacuation failure was 19.4%. Fewer households with children (25.8%) failed to evacuate than households without children (45.9%, p &lt; 0.01). More households with pets (20.9%) than households without pets failed to evacuate (16.3%, p = 0.11). With multivariate logistic regression, the risk of household evacuation failure was lower in households with children (odds ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.8) compared with households without children. The risk of household evacuation failure increased in pet-owning households without children (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.5) compared with pet-owning households with children; the more pets a household owned, the higher the risk of household evacuation failure was. Impediments to pet evacuation, including owning multiple pets, owning outdoor dogs, or not having a cat carrier, explained why many households that owned pets failed to evacuate. Predisaster planning should place a high priority on facilitating pet evacuation through predisaster education of pet owners and emergency management personnel.
Association of the B-Vitamins Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate (B6), B12, and Folate with Lung Cancer Risk in Older Men
Authors: Hartman Terryl J. , Woodson Karen , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael , Virtamo Jarmo , Selhub Jacob , Barrett Michael J. , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A nested case-control study was conducted within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort to test for associations between selected B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12) and incident lung cancer. This trial was conducted in Finland between 1985 and 1993. Serum was analyzed for these nutrients and homocysteine among 300 lung cancer cases and matched controls (1:1). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined in conditional and unconditional (controlling for the matching factors) logistic regression models, after adjusting for body mass index, years of smoking, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. No significant associations were seen between serum folate, vitamin B12, or homocysteine and lung cancer risk. The authors found significantly lower risk of lung cancer among men who had higher serum vitamin B6 levels. Compared with men with the lowest vitamin B6 concentration, men in the fifth quintile had about one half of the risk of lung cancer (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.93; p-trend = 0.02). Adjusting for any of the other serum factors (folate, B12, and homocysteine) either alone or jointly did not significantly alter these estimates. This is the first report from a prospectively conducted study to suggest a role for vitamin B6 in lung cancer.
BLAST PRINTS--alternative perspectives on sequence similarity.
Authors: Wright W , Scordis P , Attwood T K 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: An implementation of BLAST for searching the PRINTS database is presented. The interface allows submission of either protein or DNA queries, and returns the familiar form of output, but modified by means of direct links both to the familial discriminators in PRINTS and to fingerprint profile visualization software. The server thus couples the rapidity of BLAST searching with the sensitivity of fingerprint diagnoses, providing alternative perspectives on a given query. AVAILABILITY: http://www.biochem.ucl. ac.uk/cgi-bin/wright/printsBLAST.cgi
Inferring qualitative relations in genetic networks and

metabolic pathways
Authors: Akutsu Tatsuya , Miyano Satoru , Kuhara Satoru 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Inferring genetic network architecture from time series data of gene expression patterns is an important topic in bioinformatics. Although inference algorithms based on the Boolean network were proposed, the Boolean network was not sufficient as a model of a genetic network.
Results: First, a Boolean network model with noise is proposed, together with an inference algorithm for it. Next, a qualitative network model is proposed, in which regulation rules are represented as qualitative rules and embedded in the network structure. Algorithms are also presented for inferring qualitative relations from time series data. Then, an algorithm for inferring S-systems (synergistic and saturable systems) from time series data is presented, where S-systems are based on a particular kind of nonlinear differential equation and have been applied to the analysis of various biological systems. Theoretical results are shown for Boolean networks with noises and simple qualitative networks. Computational results are shown for Boolean networks with noises and S-systems, where real data are not used because the proposed models are still conceptual and the quantity and quality of currently available data are not enough for the application of the proposed methods.
Contact: takutsu@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Oligomerization and ligand binding in a homotetrameric hemoglobin: Two high‐resolution crystal structures of hemoglobin Bart's (γ4), a marker for α‐thalassemia
Authors: Kidd Richard D. , Baker Heather M. , Mathews Antony J. , Brittain Thomas , Baker Edward N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) Bart's is present in the red blood cells of millions of people worldwide who suffer from α‐thalassemia. α‐Thalassemia is a disease in which there is a deletion of one or more of the four α‐chain genes, and excess γ and β chains spontaneously form homotetramers. The γ4 homotetrameric protein known as Hb Bart's is a stable species that exhibits neither a Bohr effect nor heme–heme cooperativity. Although Hb Bart's has a higher O2 affinity than either adult (α2β2) or fetal (α2γ2) Hbs, it has a lower affinity for O2 than HbH (β4). To better understand the association and ligand binding properties of the γ4 tetramer, we have solved the structure of Hb Bart's in two different oxidation and ligation states. The crystal structure of ferrous carbonmonoxy (CO) Hb Bart's was determined by molecular replacement and refined at 1.7 Å resolution (R = 21.1%, Rfree = 24.4%), and that of ferric azide (N3−) Hb Bart's was similarly determined at 1.86 Å resolution (R = 18.4%, Rfree = 22.0%). In the carbonmonoxy–Hb structure, the CO ligand is bound at an angle of 140°, and with an unusually long Fe‐C bond of 2.25 Å. This geometry is attributed to repulsion from the distal His63 at the low pH of crystallization (4.5). In contrast, azide is bound to the oxidized heme iron in the methemoglobin crystals at an angle of 112°, in a perfect orientation to accept a hydrogen bond from His63. Compared to the three known quaternary structures of human Hb (T, R, and R2), both structures most closely resemble the R state. Comparisons with the structures of adult Hb and HbH explain the association and dissociation behaviour of Hb homotetramers relative to the heterotetrameric Hbs.
Rational design of enantioselective enzymes requires considerations of entropy
Authors: Ottosson Jenny , Rotticci‐Mulder Johanna C. , Rotticci Didier , Hult Karl 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEntropy was shown to play an equally important role as enthalpy for how enantioselectivity changes when redesigning an enzyme. By studying the temperature dependence of the enantiomeric ratio E of an enantioselective enzyme, its differential activation enthalpy (ΔR‐SΔH‡) and entropy (ΔR‐SΔS‡) components can be determined. This was done for the resolution of 3‐methyl‐2‐butanol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B and five variants with one or two point mutations. ΔR‐SΔS‡ was in all cases equally significant as ΔR‐SΔH‡ to E. One variant, T103G, displayed an increase in E, the others a decrease. The altered enantioselectivities of the variants were all related to simultaneous changes in ΔR‐SΔH‡ and ΔR‐SΔS‡. Although the changes in ΔR‐SΔH‡ and ΔR‐SΔS‡ were of a compensatory nature the compensation was not perfect, thereby allowing modifications of E. Both the W104H and the T103G variants displayed larger ΔR‐SΔH‡ than wild type but exhibited a decrease or increase, respectively, in E due to their different relative increase in ΔR‐SΔS‡.
Haspin‐like proteins: A new family of evolutionarily conserved putative eukaryotic protein kinases
Authors: Higgins Jonathan M.G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHaspin (haploid germ cell–specific nuclear protein kinase) is reported to be a serine/threonine kinase that may play a role in cell‐cycle cessation and differentiation of haploid germ cells. In addition, Haspin mRNA can be detected in diploid cell lines and tissues. Here, Haspin‐like proteins are identified in several major eukaryotic phyla—including yeasts, plants, flies, fish, and mammals—and an extended group in Caenorhabditis elegans. The Haspin‐like proteins have a complete but divergent eukaryotic protein kinase domain sequence. Although clearly related to one another and to other eukaryotic protein kinases, the Haspin‐related proteins lack conservation of a subset of residues that are almost invariant in known kinases and possess distinctive inserted regions. In fact, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Haspin‐like proteins form a novel eukaryotic protein kinase family distinct from those previously defined. The identification of related proteins in model organisms provides some initial insight into their functional properties and will provide new experimental avenues by which to determine the function of the Haspin proteins in mammalian cells.
Hypercalcemia
Authors: Walker Marcella Donovan , Shane Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceHypercalcemia affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. Mild hypercalcemia, defined as total calcium of less than 12 mg/dL (&amp;lt;3 mmol/L) or ionized calcium of 5.6 to 8.0 mg/dL (1.4-2 mmol/L), is usually asymptomatic but may be associated with constitutional symptoms such as fatigue and constipation in approximately 20% of people. Hypercalcemia that is severe, defined as total calcium of 14 mg/dL or greater (&amp;gt;3.5 mmol/L) or ionized calcium of 10 mg/dL or greater (≥2.5 mmol/L) or that develops rapidly over days to weeks, can cause nausea, vomiting, dehydration, confusion, somnolence, and coma.ObservationsApproximately 90% of people with hypercalcemia have primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) or malignancy. Additional causes of hypercalcemia include granulomatous disease such as sarcoidosis, endocrinopathies such as thyroid disease, immobilization, genetic disorders, and medications such as thiazide diuretics and supplements such as calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin A. Hypercalcemia has been associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 protein inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, denosumab discontinuation, SARS-CoV-2, ketogenic diets, and extreme exercise, but these account for less than 1% of causes. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), the most important initial test to evaluate hypercalcemia, distinguishes PTH-dependent from PTH-independent causes. In a patient with hypercalcemia, an elevated or normal PTH concentration is consistent with PHPT, while a suppressed PTH level (&amp;lt;20 pg/mL depending on assay) indicates another cause. Mild hypercalcemia usually does not need acute intervention. If due to PHPT, parathyroidectomy may be considered depending on age, serum calcium level, and kidney or skeletal involvement. In patients older than 50 years with serum calcium levels less than 1 mg above the upper normal limit and no evidence of skeletal or kidney disease, observation may be appropriate. Initial therapy of symptomatic or severe hypercalcemia consists of hydration and intravenous bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid or pamidronate. In patients with kidney failure, denosumab and dialysis may be indicated. Glucocorticoids may be used as primary treatment when hypercalcemia is due to excessive intestinal calcium absorption (vitamin D intoxication, granulomatous disorders, some lymphomas). Treatment reduces serum calcium and improves symptoms, at least transiently. The underlying cause of hypercalcemia should be identified and treated. The prognosis for asymptomatic PHPT is excellent with either medical or surgical management. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is associated with poor survival.Conclusions and RelevanceMild hypercalcemia is typically asymptomatic, while severe hypercalcemia is associated with nausea, vomiting, dehydration, confusion, somnolence, and coma. Asymptomatic hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism is managed with parathyroidectomy or observation with monitoring, while severe hypercalcemia is typically treated with hydration and intravenous bisphosphonates.
Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Subvariant Severity in New England
Authors: Strasser Zachary H. , Greifer Noah , Hadavand Aboozar , Murphy Shawn N. , Estiri Hossein 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant, BA.2, may be less severe than previous variants; however, confounding factors make interpreting the intrinsic severity challenging.ObjectiveTo compare the adjusted risks of mortality, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and invasive ventilation between the BA.2 subvariant and the Omicron and Delta variants, after accounting for multiple confounders.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study that applied an entropy balancing approach. Patients in a multicenter inpatient and outpatient system in New England with COVID-19 between March 3, 2020, and June 20, 2022, were identified.ExposuresCases were assigned as being exposed to the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, or the Omicron BA.2 lineage subvariants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcome planned before analysis was risk of 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included the risks of hospitalization, invasive ventilation, and intensive care unit admissions.ResultsOf 102 315 confirmed COVID-19 cases (mean [SD] age, 44.2 [21.6] years; 63 482 women [62.0%]), 20 770 were labeled as Delta variants, 52 605 were labeled as the Omicron B.1.1.529 variant, and 28 940 were labeled as Omicron BA.2 subvariants. Patient cases were excluded if they occurred outside the prespecified temporal windows associated with the variants or had minimal longitudinal data in the Mass General Brigham system before COVID-19. Mortality rates were 0.7% for Delta (B.1.617.2), 0.4% for Omicron (B.1.1.529), and 0.3% for Omicron (BA.2). The adjusted odds ratio of mortality from the Delta variant compared with the Omicron BA.2 subvariants was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.04-4.10) and that of the original Omicron variant compared with the Omicron BA.2 subvariant was 2.20 (95% CI, 1.56-3.11). For all outcomes, the Omicron BA.2 subvariants were significantly less severe than that of the Omicron and Delta variants.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, after having accounted for a variety of confounding factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, the Omicron BA.2 subvariant was found to be intrinsically less severe than both the Delta and Omicron variants. With respect to these variants, the severity profile of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be diminishing after taking into account various factors including therapeutics, vaccinations, and prior infections.
Spillover and crossover effects of exposure to work‐related aggression and adversities: A dyadic diary study
Authors: Herrmann Alexander , Glaser Jürgen , Greitemeyer Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe past two decades have produced extensive evidence on the manifold and severe outcomes for victims of aggression exposure in the workplace. However, due to the dominating individual‐centered approach, most findings miss a social network perspective. Consequently, knowledge of negative spillover to different life‐domains or crossover to uninvolved individuals alongside a detailed understanding of the involved transmission processes remains scarce. By integrating social aggression theorizing, the present study investigated transmission routes (emphatic, behavioral) of experienced adversities and aggression at work toward perpetration of aggressive behavior and potential spillover and crossover effects into the private life domain in a diary study of 72 mixed dyads. Analyses of mediation based upon the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model revealed an association between the frequency of perpetrating aggressive behavior in the work context and a spillover into the private life domain via aggression‐promoting internal states (emotions, cognitions, arousal). Based on the different patterns of mediation, it appears that adversities follow a mental transmission process, whereby experienced aggression displayed behavioral assimilation. In contrast, no crossover effects of exposure to adversities or aggression at work to a study partner at home could be detected. Practical and theoretical implications as well as limitations and ideas for future work are discussed.
Second‐order optimization methods for time‐delay Autoregressive eXogenous models: Nature gradient descent method and its two modified methods
Authors: Chen Jing , Pu Yan , Guo Liuxiao , Cao Junfeng , Zhu Quanmin 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis article proposes several second‐order optimization methods for time‐delay ARX model. Since the time‐delay in the information vector makes the traditional identification algorithms be inefficient, a redundant rule based method is utilized to transformed the model into a redundant model. Then, the nature gradient descent (NGD) algorithm is developed for such a model. To reduce the computational efforts of the NGD algorithm and to adaptively update each element in the parameter vector, two modified NGD algorithms are also presented. The simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Recent Advances in Lead‐Safe Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Yushuang , Hu Yanqiang , Yao Changlin , Zhang Shufang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made unprecedented progress in improving power conversion efficiency in the past decade, and they are considered as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies. However, the commercialization of PSCs still faces significant challenges, such as the stability issue and toxicity of lead. Recently, pursuing ways to alleviate the toxicity of lead has emerged as an attractive research direction in the community of PSCs. In this review, the discussion is on the toxicity of lead and the impact of lead leakage from perovskites to the environment, the recent progress made to reduce the leakage of lead is presented with an emphasis on the lead sequestration materials applied in encapsulation layers and functional layers of PSCs, and the recovery of lead from damaged or decommissioned PSC devices is concisely summarized. This review may serve as a guide for researchers interested in promoting PSCs from exploitation to application.
Revealing Intrinsic Superconductivity of the Nb/BiSbTe2Se Interface
Authors: Kudriashov Andrei , Babich Ian , Hovhannisyan Razmik A. , Shishkin Andrey G. , Kozlov Sergei N. , Fedorov Alexander , Vyalikh Denis V. , Khestanova Ekaterina , Kupriyanov Mikhail Yu. , Stolyarov Vasily S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTypically, topological superconductivity is reachable via proximity effect by a direct deposition of superconductor (S) on top of a topological insulator (TI) surface. Here, the double critical current in the Josephson junctions based on the topological insulator is observed in the fabricated planar Superconducting Quantum Interference Devicea. By measuring critical currents as a function of temperature and magnetic field, it is shown that the second critical current stems from the intrinsic superconductivity of the S–TI interface, which is supported by the modified Resistively Shunted Junction model and Transmission Electron Microscopy studies. This complex structure of the interface should be taken into account when the technological process involves Ar‐plasma cleaning.
Acoustic Crystallization of 2D Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Menath Johannes , Mohammadi Reza , Grauer Jens Christian , Deters Claudius , Böhm Maike , Liebchen Benno , Janssen Liesbeth M. C. , Löwen Hartmut , Vogel Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D colloidal crystallization provides a simple strategy to produce defined nanostructure arrays over macroscopic areas. Regularity and long‐range order of such crystals is essential to ensure functionality, but difficult to achieve in self‐assembling systems. Here, a simple loudspeaker setup for the acoustic crystallization of 2D colloidal crystals (ACDC) of polystyrene, microgels, and core–shell particles at liquid interfaces is introduced. This setup anneals an interfacial colloidal monolayer and affords an increase in average grain size by almost two orders of magnitude. The order is characterized via the structural color of the colloidal crystal, the acoustic annealing process is optimized via the frequency and the amplitude of the applied sound wave, and its efficiency is rationalized via the surface coverage‐dependent interactions within the interfacial colloidal monolayer. Computer simulations show that multiple rearrangement mechanisms at different length scales, from the local motion around voids to grain boundary movements via consecutive particle rotations around common centers, collude to remove defects. The experimentally simple ACDC process, paired with the demonstrated applicability toward complex particle systems, provides access to highly defined nanostructure arrays for a wide range of research communities.
Braiding Lateral Morphotropic Grain Boundaries in Homogenetic Oxides
Authors: Chen Shengru , Zhang Qinghua , Rong Dongke , Xu Yue , Zhang Jinfeng , Pei Fangfang , Bai He , Shang Yan‐Xing , Lin Shan , Jin Qiao , Hong Haitao , Wang Can , Yan Wensheng , Guo Haizhong , Zhu Tao , Gu Lin , Gong Yu , Li Qian , Wang Lingfei , Liu Gang‐Qin , Jin Kui‐juan , Guo Er‐Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterfaces formed by correlated oxides offer a critical avenue for discovering emergent phenomena and quantum states. However, the fabrication of oxide interfaces with variable crystallographic orientations and strain states integrated along a film plane is extremely challenging by conventional layer‐by‐layer stacking or self‐assembling. Here, the creation of morphotropic grain boundaries (GBs) in laterally interconnected cobaltite homostructures is reported. Single‐crystalline substrates and suspended ultrathin freestanding membranes provide independent templates for coherent epitaxy and constraint on the growth orientation, resulting in seamless and atomically sharp GBs. Electronic states and magnetic behavior in hybrid structures are laterally modulated and isolated by GBs, enabling artificially engineered functionalities in the planar matrix. This work offers a simple and scalable method for fabricating unprecedented innovative interfaces through controlled synthesis routes as well as providing a platform for exploring potential applications in neuromorphics, solid‐state batteries, and catalysis.