bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcass, meat quality traits, and economic analysis of Nellore bulls fed with finishing feedlot diets containing mechanically processed corn silage
Authors: Costa Ciniro , Baldassini Welder A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Effects of mechanical processing (MP) of corn silage and its inclusion in feedlot diets on carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore (Bos indicus) were analyzed. Seventy-two bulls aged approximately 18 months and with an initial average body weight of 392.8 ± 22.3 kg were used. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, considering the concentrate–roughage (C:R) ratio (40:60 or 20:80), MP of silage and their interactions. After slaughter, hot carcass weight (HCW), pH, temperature, backfat thickness (BFT), and ribeye area (REA), yields of meat cuts (tenderloin, striploin, ribeye steak, neck steak, and sirloin cap), meat quality traits and economic analysis were evaluated. A lower final pH was found in the carcasses of animals consuming diets containing MP versus unprocessed silage (pH = 5.81 versus 5.93). Carcass variables (HCW, BFT, and REA) and meat cut yields were not affected by treatments. The C:R 20:80 increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) content by approximately 1%, without affecting moisture, ash, and protein contents. Meat/fat color (L*, a* and b*) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were similar among treatments. The results indicated that the MP of corn silage in finishing diets can provide better carcass pH results in Nellore bulls, without negatively influencing carcass weight, fatness and meat tenderness (WBSF). Better results on IMF content were obtained using a C:R 20:80 and lower total costs per arroba produced (3.5%), daily costs per animal/day (4.2%), and cost per ton of feeds (5.15%) were found with MP silage.
Jelly-Z: Swimming performance and analysis of twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) actuated jellyfish soft robot
Authors: Matharu Pawandeep S. , Gong Pengyao , Guntaka Koti P. R. , Almubarak Yara , Jin Yaqing , Tadesse Yonas T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monitoring, sensing, and exploration of over 70% of the Earth’s surface that is covered with water is permitted through the deployment of underwater bioinspired robots without affecting the surrounding natural habitat. To create a soft robot actuated with soft polymeric actuators, this paper describes the development of a lightweight jellyfish-inspired swimming robot, which achieves a maximum vertical swimming speed of 7.3 mm/s (0.05 body length/s) and is characterized by a simple design. The robot, named Jelly-Z, utilizes a contraction-expansion mechanism for swimming similar to the motion of a Moon jellyfish. To better understand the characteristics of this motion, FSI flow simulation, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) tests were conducted to study the wake structure from the robot’s bell margin. The thrust generated by the robot was also characterized with a force sensor to ascertain the force and cost of transport (COT) at different input currents. Jelly-Z is the first robot that utilized twisted and coiled polymer fishing line (TCPFL) actuators for articulation of the bell and showed successful swimming operations. Here, a thorough investigation on swimming characteristics in an underwater setting is presented theoretically and experimentally. We found swimming metrics of the robot are comparable with other jellyfish-inspired robots that have utilized different actuation mechanisms, but the actuators used here are scalable and can be made in-house relatively easily, hence paving way for further advancements into the use of these actuators.
Biogenic synthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity studies of copper oxide nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera leave extract
Authors: Prajapati Jagdish Prasad , Toppo Anunay , Majhi Purusottam , Pradhan Umakant , Das Anirban , Das Debjit , Gaddameedi Sriramulu , Mallick Sadhucharan , Katlakunta Sadhana , Shukla A. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Iodine Status and its Association with Prevalence of Thyroid Diseases in Adults from Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Yan Dien , Hu Lei , Shen Yun-Feng , Lai Xiao-yang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Iodine is an essential element for biosynthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Both excessive and deficiency of iodine are major risk factor for thyroid diseases, including thyroid dysfunction, thyroid nodules, and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between iodine status and incidence of thyroid diseases through a national cross-sectional epidemiological survey (TIDE) in Jiangxi province (China).
Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 2636 Chinese local inhabitants who aged over 18 years from April to August in 2015. Physical examination was performed and biochemical indices, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and TSH levels were measured and documented for each subject. The Chi-square test, nonparametric test, and 4 multiple logistic regression models adjusted for other risk factors were applied to analysis, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationship between iodine intake level and the incidence of thyroid diseases.
Results: The median UIC was 176.4 μg/L, and a significant difference was found in median UIC between males(182.5 μg/L) and females (169.2 μg/L) (P =0.03). Among these participants, 14.4%, 44.5%, 26.1%, and 15.0% had deficiency, adequate, more than adequate, and excessive iodine concentrations, respectively. The incidence rates of hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, and TAI were 0.91%, 0.57%, 0.34% and 7.89%, 9.45%, and 12.74%, respectively. Significant differences were found in iodine status, waist circumstance, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), TSH, thyroid nodules, and TAI between males and females (P <0.05). Compared with those with adequate UIC, subjects with excessive UIC had higher incidence rates of thyroid dysfunction (odds ratio (OR)=1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-2.54) and thyroid nodules (OR=3.33, 95%CI 1.32–8.42). In addition, subjects with deficient and excessive UIC were at a higher risk of TAI compared with those with adequate UIC (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.19–2.60; OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.04-2.96, respectively). UIC was positively correlated with the incidence rates of thyroid nodules (r=-0.44, P<0.01) and TAI (r=-0.055, P <0.01). On the contrary, UIC was negatively correlated with the risk of thyroid dysfunction (r=-0.24, P >0.05).
Conclusion: Adult inhabitants from Jiangxi province in the TIDE study were in the adequate iodine status. The incidence rates of of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid nodules, and TAI were higher in females. Excessive iodine status was noted as a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction and thyroid nodules. In addition, both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine were risk factors for TAI.
Towards fully automated Inner Ear Analysis: Deep-Learning-based Joint Segmentation and Landmark Detection Framework
Authors: Stebani Jannik , Blaimer Martin , Zabler Simon , Neun Tilmann , Pelt Danïel M. , Rak Kristen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Automated analysis of the inner ear anatomy in radiological data instead of time-consuming manual assessment is a worthwhile goal that could facilitate preoperative planning and clinical research. We propose a framework encompassing joint semantic segmentation and anatomical landmark detection. A fully automated pipeline with a single, dual-headed volumetric 3D U-Net was implemented, trained and evaluated using manually labeled in-house datasets from cadaveric specimen (N = 44) and clinical practice (N = 10). The model robustness was further evaluated on two independent open-source datasets (N = 23 + 7 scans). For the in-house datasets, Dice scores of 0.965 and 0.9505, intersection-over-union scores of 0.934 and 0.906 and average Hausdorff distances of 0.085 and 0.096 voxel units were achieved. The landmark localization task was performed automatically with an average localization error of 5.36 and 5.77 voxel units. A robust, but reduced performance could be attained for the two open-source datasets. The feasibility of the suggested integrated segmentation and landmark detection framework was experimentally evident by achieving competitive, efficient and consistent performance across a multitude of realistic, clinically relevant datasets and evaluation metrics. Based on these results, the applications in clinical practice and research beyond the data selection utilized in this study can be accomplishable.
Development of an ultrahigh-resolution, real-time alpha-particle imaging system for observing the trajectories of alpha particles in a scintillator
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yoshino Masao , Kamada Kei , Yajima Ryuga , Yoshikawa Akira , Nakanishi Kohei , Kataoka Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
TAT-PEP alleviated cognitive impairment by alleviating neuronal mitochondria damage and apoptosis after cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhao Pin , Zhang Jiapo , Kuai JianKe , Li Liya , Li Xuying , Feng Namin , Du Hailiang , Li Chen , Wang Qiang , Deng Bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) has been identified as a receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory proteins (MAIs), which plays a vital role in axonal regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival after stroke. In our previous study, a transactivator of transcription-PirB extracellular peptide (TAT-PEP) was generated, which can block the interactions between MAIs and PirB. We found that TAT-PEP treatment enhanced axonal regeneration, CST projection, and improved long-term neurobehavioral functional recovery after stroke through its effects on PirB-mediated downstream signaling molecules. However, the impact of TAT-PEP on cognitive function recovery and neuronal survival also needs to explore. Here, we investigated that pirb RNAi alleviated neuronal injury by inhibiting PirB expression after exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Moreover, TAT-PEP treatment attenuated brain infarct volume and promoted neurobehavioral function and cognitive function recovery. This study further found TAT-PEP exerted neuroprotection by alleviating neuronal degeneration and apoptosis after ischemic reperfusion injury. The study also showed that TAT-PEP enhanced neuronal survival and reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro. Furthermore, the results indicated TAT-PEP decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and alleviated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation of neurons exposed to OGD injury. The possible mechanism was TAT-PEP could help neuronal mitochondria damage and affect the expression of cleaved Caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Our findings suggest that PirB overexpression in neurons after suffering ischemic reperfusion injury-induced neuronal mitochondria damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This study also indicated that TAT-PEP might represent a highly productive neuroprotective agent displaying therapeutic potential for stroke by alleviating neuronal oxidative stress, mitochondria damage, degeneration, and apoptosis against ischemic stroke.
The Prevalence and Economic Burden of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Thailand
Authors: Prasartpornsirichoke Jirada , Pityaratstian Nuttorn , Poolvoralaks Chayanit , Sirinimnualkul Naphat , Ormtavesub Tanaporn , Hiranwattana Nimmavadee , Phonsit Sasitorn , Rungnirundorn Teerayuth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) among patients with diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD), to estimate the economic cost of MDD and TRD, and to examine the differences between MDD and TRD in a Thai public tertiary hospital.
Methods
This was a combined study between retrospective review of medical records and a cross-sectional survey. The sample size was 500 dyads of MDD patients and their unpaid caregivers. The concept of healthcare resource utilization, the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: depression and mood & mental state versions (WPAI: D, MM), the Class Impairment Questionnaire (CIQ), and the Family Experiences Interview Schedule (FEIS) were applied as the tools of the study. Pearson Chi’s square, Fisher’s Exact test, and independent T-test were employed for statistical analysis.
Results
The proportion of TRD was 19.6% among MDD patients in a Thai tertiary public hospital. Age, age of onset of MDD, BMI, history of suicide attempt and self-harm, and frequent smoking behavior were significantly associated with TRD. The annualized economic cost of TRD was 276,059.97 baht per person ($7,668.33), which was significantly higher than this cost of non-TRD (173,487.04 baht or $4,819.08). The aggregated economic costs of MDD were 96.8 million baht annually ($2.69M) if calculated from 500 MDD patients and unpaid caregivers. This contributed to the economic cost of TRD 27.05 million baht (98 respondents) and the economic cost of non-TRD 69.74 million baht (402 respondents).
Conclusions
The economic cost of TRD was significantly higher than those of non-TRD, especially direct medical costs and indirect costs.
Prokineticin-2 Participates in Chronic Constriction Injury-Triggered Neuropathic Pain and Anxiety via Regulated by NF-κB in Nucleus Accumbens Shell in Rats
Authors: Wang Wenting , Xu Yaowei , Yang Jingjie , Wang Xiaoling , zhou Yifan , Yu Zhixiang , Lu Zhongyuan , Wang Yiming , Yuan Meng , Hu Chenge , Bai Qian , Li Zhisong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is an intractable pain that results from primary nervous system injury and dysfunction. Herein, we demonstrated in animal models that peripheral nerve injury induced enhanced pain perception and anxiety-like behaviors. According to previous reports, nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is required for complete expression of neuropathic pain behaviors and mood alternations, we found the elevated mRNA and protein level of Prokineticin-2 (Prok2) in the NAc shell after Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI). Prok2 knockdown in the NAc shell reversed NP and anxiety-like behaviors in rats, indicating that Prok2 might play a fundamental role in NP and anxiety co-morbidity. CCI significantly enhanced Prok2 co-expression with NF-κB P-p65 in comparison with control animals. In addition to reversing the established nociceptive hypersensitivities and anxiety simultaneously, NAc microinjection of NF-κB siRNA or specific inhibitor PDTC reversed Prok2 upregulation. Besides, Prok2 was significantly decreased in vitro when co-transfected with si-NF-κB. Dual-Luciferase assay showed NF-κB directly activated Prok2 gene transcriptional activity. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms behind NP and comorbid anxiety. The NF-κB/Prok2 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for NP and anxiety disorders.
Colossal shift current response in elemental two-dimensional ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Shi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A bulk material without inversion symmetry can generate a direct current under uniform illumination. This interface-free current generation mechanism, referred to as the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), has the potential to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of traditional solar cells based on $p$-$n$ junctions. Here, we explore the shift current generation, a major mechanism responsible for the BPVE, in single-element two-dimensional ferroelectrics represented by phosphorene-like monolayers of As, Sb, and Bi. The strong covalency and large joint density of states afforded by these elemental 2D materials give rise to colossal shift currents, outperforming many state-of-the-art materials over a wide range of wavelengths including the visible light spectrum. For a given frequency and polarization of an incoming light, we find that the shift current, due to its topological nature, depends sensitively on the details of the Bloch wave functions. It is crucial to consider the electronic exchange-correlation potential beyond the generalized gradient approximation as well as the spin-orbit interaction in density functional theory calculations to obtain reliable photon frequency-dependent shift current responses.
Acute Kidney Injury in patients with Leukaemia submitted to allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant – KDIGO classification with creatinine and urinary output criteria. Cohort analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Natacha , Costa Claudia , Branco Carolina , Marques Filipe , Vasconcelos Pedro , Martins Carlos , Papoila Ana Luísa , Pinto Iola , Neves Marta , Lopes José António 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background - Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (allo-HSCT) is often complicated by Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and has been increasingly used in patients with leukaemia. Studies on this subject include patients with several haematological diseases and use only serum creatinine (SCr) to define AKI. We aimed to evaluate incidence, risk factors and 5-year prognostic impact of AKI in patients with leukaemia submitted to allo-HSCT by SCr and urinary output (UO).
Methods - We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study. AKI was defined according to KDIGO classification. We used survival analysis methods considering competing events - the Fine and Gray method - to identify AKI risk factors and assess the impact of AKI on disease-free survival. Additive Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to analyse time until death from all causes. Stepwise selection regression methods were used to create the final multivariable model.
Results - We included 164 patients. The cumulative incidence of AKI was 63.4% 100 days post-HSCT. On the first day of AKI, 76.9% presented SCr criteria, 15.4% presented UO criteria and 7.7% presented both criteria. The highest stage of AKI was 1 in 61.8%, 2 in 21.6% and 3 in 16.7%. Variables independently associated with AKI: HCT-CI >2 (HR:1.88,95%CI:1.13-3.11;p=0.015), radiotherapy in the past (HR:2.07,95%CI:2.07-1.06;p=0.034), LDH at hospital admission (HR:1.51,95%CI:1.03-2.21;p=0.035), shock (HR:1.57,95%CI:1.02-2.39;p=0.039), and sepsis (HR:3.36,95%CI:1.22-9.24;p=0.019). Severe AKI was independently associated with lower overall survival along the first 5 years (HR:1.76,95%CI:1.03-3.00;p=0.037).
Conclusion - AKI in leukaemia patients submitted to allo-HSCT had a cumulative incidence of 63.4% and more than 15% of these patients presented only with UO reduction on the day of AKI onset. Two thirds of the patients evolved with AKI stage 2 or 3. Sepsis, previous radiotherapy treatments at any time before HSCT, HCT-CI scoring higher than 2 points, shock and higher LDH levels increased the risk of developing AKI. Severe AKI was associated to lower overall survival throughout the first five years after allo-HSCT. To our knowledge, this is the first study considering both SCr and UO for AKI patients with Leukaemia submitted to allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.
Genomic Variation Affecting MPV and PLT count in association with development of Ischemic Stroke and its Subtypes
Authors: Ludhiadch Abhilash , Sulena Sulena , Singh Sandeep , Chakraborty Sudip , Sharma Dixit , Kulharia Mahesh , Singh Paramdeep , Munshi Anjana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Platelets play a significant role in pathophysiology of ischemic stroke since they are involved in the formation of intravascular thrombus after erosion or rupture of the atherosclerotic plaques. Platelet (PLT) count and Mean platelet volume (MPV) are the two significant parameters that affect functions of the platelets.
Methods
In the current study MPV and PLT count was evaluated using flow cytometry and cell counter. SonoClot analysis was carried out to evaluate Activated Clot Timing (ACT), Clot Rate (CR) and Platelet Function (PF). Genotyping was carried out GSA and Sanger sequencing and expression analysis was carried out using RT-PCR. In silico analysis was carried out using GROMACS tool and UNAFold. The interaction of significant proteins with other proteins was predicted using STRING database.
Results
96 genes were analyzed and a significant association of THPO (rs6141) and ARHGEF3 (rs1354034) was observed with the disease and its subtypes. Altered genotypes were associated significantly with increased MPV, decreased PLT count and CR. Expression analysis revealed a higher expression in patients bearing the variant genotypes of both the genes. In silico analysis revealed that mutation in THPO gene leads to the reduced compactness of protein structure. mRNA encoded by mutated ARHGEF3 gene increases the half-life of mRNA. The two significant proteins interact with many other proteins especially the ones involved in the platelet activation, aggregation, erythropoiesis, megakaryocyte maturation, and cytoskeleton rearrangements suggesting that they could be important player in determination of MPV values.
Conclusions
In conclusion the current study demonstrated the role of higher MPV affected by genetic variation in the development of IS and its subtypes. The results of the current study also indicate that higher MPV can be used as a biomarker for the disease and altered genotypes and higher MPV can be targeted for better therapeutic outcomes.
Global, regional, and national burden of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Jing , Xiang Lingling , Chen Xinsi , Li Siyu , Sun Qian , Cheng Xiuyong , Hua Ziyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To provide an overview of the global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections (NS) and their change trends from 1990 to 2019, based on the data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.
Methods
Annual incident cases, deaths, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and their percentage changes of NS during 1990–2019 were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.
Results
Globally, the incident cases of NS increased by 14.33% from 5.18 million in 1990 to 5.92 million in 2019, and the deaths decreased by 13.29% from 242,460 in 1990 to 210,250 in 2019. In the globe, the ASIR of NS per 100,000 population increased by 14.34% from 85.21 in 1990 to 97.43 in 2019, and the ASMR decreased by 11.84% from 3.97 in 1990 to 3.5 in 2019.
Conclusions
Increasing trends in incidence and decreasing trends in mortality of NS were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019. More robust epidemiological research and effective health strategies are urgently needed to reduce the disease burden of neonatal sepsis worldwide.