bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotoxic assessment of cerium and magnesium nanoparticles and their ionic forms inEisenia hortensiscoelomocytes by alkaline comet assay
Authors: Güneş Merve , Yalçın Burçin , Ali Muhammad Muddassir , Ciğerci İbrahim Hakkı , Kaya Bülent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of cerium oxide (CeO2), magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and their ionic forms by alkaline comet assay.Eisenia hortensiswere exposed to different series of concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/ml) of chemicals for 48 h to find LC50. The LC50for MgO and CeO2NPs were 70 and 80 μg/ml. Whereas, the LC50for their ionic forms were 50 and 70 μg/ml. To assess the potential DNA damage caused by the chosen chemicals,E. hortensiswas further exposed for 48 h to the following concentrations, based on their respective LC50s: LC50/2, LC50, and 2xLC50. Comet scores demonstrated the significant increase (p < 0.05) in DNA damage at all concentrations, both for NPs and ionic forms in a concentration‐dependent manner. Findings of the present study revealed the genotoxic effects of CeO2NPs, MgO NPs and their ionic forms onE. hortensis.Research HighlightsGenotoxic assessment of CeO2and MgO NPs and their ionic forms was conducted.Characterization of NPs through electron microscopy and alkaline comet assay was performed onE. Hortensis.Highest DNA damage of CeO2and MgO NPs was observed on earthworm.
Targetable alterations in primary extranodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Weissinger Stephanie E. , Dugge Rucha , Disch Miriam , Barth Thomas F. , Bloehdorn Johannes , Zahn Malena , Marienfeld Ralf , Viardot Andreas , Möller Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrimary extranodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PE‐DLBCL) is a heterogeneous subgroup of DLBCL. We investigated the prevalence and prognostic value of surface expression of PD‐L1, PD1, and CD30, copy number of 9p24.1 (PD‐L1 region), and mutations in MYD88, CD79B, CARD11, and BTK in a cohort of 116 patients, localized in the mediastinum (PMBL, n = 12), ear, nose and throat (ENT, n = 28), central nervous system (n = 29), testis (n = 7), breast (n = 4), stomach (n = 10), bone (n = 8), spleen (n = 2), and skin (n = 16). PD‐L1 expression is most frequent in PMBL (92%), followed by lymphomas originating in the stomach (57%), ENT (23%), and skin (18%). PD1 was expressed at low levels in less than 13% of PE‐DLBCL, while CD30 expression was found in 58% of PMBL. Mutation analysis revealed an unexpectedly high frequency of MYD88 and CD79B mutations in ENT lymphomas (46% and 50%, respectively). CARD11 mutations are rare but more frequently found in gastric lymphomas (30%), suggesting BTK resistance. Thirty‐four of 113 (30%) of the lymphomas harbored both MYD88 and CD79B mutations. Lower overall and progression‐free survival rates were found for cases with MYD88, CD79B, and BTK mutations. These data confirm the biologic singularity of PE‐DLBCLs and provide some suggestions for targeted therapies.
Impact of injury duration on a sensorimotor functional network in complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Guo Yun , Ge Yunxiang , Li Jianjun , Dou Weibei , Pan Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConnectivity changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) appear as dynamic post‐injury procedures. The present study aimed to investigate the alterations in the functional connectivity (FC) in different injury duration in complete SCI using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 30 healthy controls (HCs) and 27 complete SCI patients were recruited in this study. A seed‐based connectivity analysis compared FC differences between HCs and SCI and among SCI subgroups (SCI patients with post‐injury within 6 months (early stage, n = 13) vs. those with post‐injury beyond 6 months (late stage, n = 14)). Compared to HCs, SCI patients showed an increase in FC between sensorimotor cortex and cognitive, visual, and auditory cortices. The FC between motor cortex and cognitive cortex increased over time after injury. The FC between sensory cortex and visual cortex increased within 6 months after SCI, while FC between the sensory cortex and auditory cortex increased beyond 6 months after injury. The FC between sensorimotor cortex and cognitive, visual, auditory regions increased in complete SCI patients. The brain FC changed dynamically, and rehabilitation might be adapted over time after SCI.
Incidence and risk factors for parastomal hernia with a permanent colostomy
Authors: Liu Lei , Zheng Longbo , Zhang Maoshen , Hu Jilin , Lu Yun , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore the incidence and risk factors for permanent colostomy complicated with a parastomal hernia (PSH) after rectal cancer resection.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of gastrointestinal surgery performed from January 2013 to December 2017 in patients with colorectal cancer treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The relevant clinical variables of the patient were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier, univariate, and Cox multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the influencing factors and morbidity of PSH.ResultsAmong the 211 patients, 65 developed PSH. The cumulative incidence reached 33.5% at 62 months. In the multivariate Cox survival analysis, the results showed that being a woman, aged ≥65 years, having a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, diabetes, and Clavien–Dindo Grade III and IV complications were risk factors for the occurrence of PSH.ConclusionIn our study, the incidence of PSH increased annually and reached a maximum of 33.5% after 62 months. Among the patient‐related factors, female sex, age ≥65 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, diabetes, and postoperative Clavien–Dindo Grade III and IV complications were significantly associated with the development of PSH. Therefore, intervention measures to prevent patients with this risk factor are advisable.
Spatially biased reduction of browsing damage by sika deer through culling
Authors: Suzuki Kei K. , Yasuda Masatoshi , Sonoda Miwa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCulling large herbivores can reduce browsing damage. Our objective was to verify the effect of culling by considering spatial changes in browsing damage to test the hypothesis that the benefits of spatially biased culling extend to the spatial scale of culling. Culling sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, increased from 2009–2017, but browsing damage remained stable across the prefecture; regional damage trends differed among grid meshes (i.e., 5 km × 5 km). Meshes with browsing damage reduction received higher culling pressure and a decline in the deer population. Browsing damage reduction from culling was not uniform across regions and was biased by spatial bias in culling. This study highlights the importance of spatial scale in large herbivore management and evaluation of its effect.
Selectivity of dehydrogenative silicone–oxygen bond formation in diphenylsilane by base and base‐activated catalysts
Authors: Even Dakota , Berkland Cory 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVarious base catalysts and base‐activated catalysts were evaluated for their steric inhibitions and selectivity in silicon–oxygen bond formation between hydroxyl groups and each of the two active hydrogen sites of diphenylsilane. Three hydroxides, six amines, and an organic‐soluble N‐heterocyclic carbene‐copper alkoxide complex (CuIPr‐NHC) were reviewed using in situ FTIR monitoring of reaction progress for the stepwise consumption of both Si–H bonds in diphenylsilane in the presence of water and various alcohols. Hydroxide catalysts with sodium, potassium, and tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations showed strong dependence of cation identity on reaction rate and observable rate order but did not lead to accumulation of a once‐oxidized silane. Amine catalysts exhibited varying levels of selectivity to the once oxidized silane, leading to accumulation of diphenylsilanol and hydride terminated oligomers with relative reaction rates seemingly dependent on the size of amine's alkyl substituents. CuIPr‐NHC showed very limited reactivity to the second dehydrogenation step in comparison to the first, leading to high accumulation of once‐oxidized silane. Leveraging this, the production of diphenyl(monoalkoxy)silanes has been demonstrated with representative primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Phytoplanktonic response to simulated volcanic and desert dust deposition events in the South Indian and Southern Oceans
Authors: Geisen Carla , Ridame Céline , Journet Emilie , Delmelle Pierre , Marie Dominique , Lo Monaco Claire , Metzl Nicolas , Ammar Rawaa , Kombo Joelle , Cardinal Damien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContrasting concentrations of macronutrients and micronutrients induce different nutrient limitations of the oceanic productivity and shape the composition of the phytoplankton communities of the South Indian Ocean and Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. o assess the phytoplankton response to nutrient release by desert dust and volcanic ash aerosols in these distinct biogeochemical regions, we conducted microcosm incubation experiments. A dry or wet deposition of either dust from Patagonia or ash from the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull or dissolved nutrients (Si, Fe, N and/or P) were added to trace metal clean incubations of surface seawater collected from five stations. These deposition experiments enabled the measurement of the biological response along with solubility calculations of nutrients. Both types of aerosols alleviated the iron deficiency occurring in the Southern Ocean during austral summer and resulted in a 24–110% enhancement of the primary production, depending on the station. The release of dissolved silicon may also have contributed to this response, although to a lesser extent, whereas neither the dust nor the ash relieved the nitrogen limitation in the low‐nutrient and low‐chlorophyll area. Diatom growth was responsible for 40% to 100% of the algal biomass increase within the responding stations, depending on the region and aerosol type. The high particle concentrations that are characteristic of ash deposition following volcanic eruptions may be of equal or higher importance to phytoplankton compared to desert dust, despite ashes' lower nutrient solubility to the ocean.
Erythropoietin in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2: Feasibility and Proof‐of‐Principle Issues from a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Labrada Roberto , Ortega‐Sanchez Ricardo , Hernández Casaña Patricia , Santos Morales Orestes , Padrón‐Estupiñan Maria del Carmen , Batista‐Nuñez Maricela , Jiménez Rodríguez Daise , Canales‐Ochoa Nalia , Peña Acosta Arnoy , Medrano Montero Jacqueline , Labrada Aguilera Pedro Enrique , Estupiñán Rodriguez Annelie , Vazquez‐Mojena Yaimee , Almaguer Gotay Dennis , Aymed‐García Judey , García‐García Idrian , Torres Vega Reydenis , Viada González Carmen , Valenzuela Silva Carmen M. , Silva Ricardo Yanelis , Columbié Ximelis Jorge , Tribin Rivero Kenia , Valle Cabrera Roselin , García‐Rodriguez Julio Cesar , Crombet Ramos Tania , Amaro‐González Daniel , Rodriguez‐Obaya Teresita , Velázquez‐Pérez Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral pieces of evidence have shown the neurotrophic effect of erythropoietin (EPO) and its introduction in the therapeutic practice of neurological diseases. However, its usefulness in the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) has not been proven despite the fact that it is endogenously reduced in these patients.ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of a nasally administered recombinant EPO in SCA2 patients.MethodsThirty‐four patients were enrolled in this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase I–II clinical trial of the nasally administered human‐recombinant EPO (NeuroEPO) for 6 months. The primary outcome was the change in the spinocerebellar ataxia functional index (SCAFI), while other motor, neuropsychological, and oculomotor measures were assessed.ResultsThe 6‐month changes in SCAFI score were slightly higher in the patients allocated to NeuroEPO treatment than placebo in spite of the important placebo effect observed for this parameter. However, saccade latency was significantly decreased in the NeuroEPO group but not in placebo. The frequency and severity of adverse events were similar between both groups, without evidences of hematopoietic activity of the drug.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of NeuroEPO in SCA2 patients after 6 months of treatments and suggested a small clinical effect of this drug on motor and cognitive abnormalities, but confirmatory studies are warranted. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Validation of Monte Carlo 131I radiopharmaceutical dosimetry workflow using a 3D‐printed anthropomorphic head and neck phantom
Authors: Adam David P. , Grudzinski Joseph J. , Bormett Ian , Cox Benjamin L. , Marsh Ian R. , Bradshaw Tyler J. , Harari Paul M. , Bednarz Bryan P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeApproximately 50% of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients will experience loco‐regional disease recurrence following initial courses of therapy. Retreatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is technically challenging and may be associated with a significant risk of irreversible damage to normal tissues. Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is a potential method to treat recurrent HNC in conjunction with EBRT. Phantoms are used to calibrate and add quantification to nuclear medicine images, and anthropomorphic phantoms can account for both the geometrical and material composition of the head and neck. In this study, we present the creation of an anthropomorphic, head and neck, nuclear medicine phantom, and its characterization for the validation of a Monte Carlo, SPECT image‐based, 131I RPT dosimetry workflow.Methods3D‐printing techniques were used to create the anthropomorphic phantom from a patient CT dataset. Three 131I SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed using a homogeneous, Jaszczak, and an anthropomorphic phantom to quantify the SPECT images using a GE Optima NM/CT 640 with a high energy general purpose collimator. The impact of collimator detector response (CDR) modeling and volume‐based partial volume corrections (PVCs) upon the absorbed dose was calculated using an image‐based, Geant4 Monte Carlo RPT dosimetry workflow and compared against a ground truth scenario. Finally, uncertainties were quantified in accordance with recent EANM guidelines.ResultsThe 3D‐printed anthropomorphic phantom was an accurate re‐creation of patient anatomy including bone. The extrapolated Jaszczak recovery coefficients were greater than that of the 3D‐printed insert (∼22.8 ml) for both the CDR and non‐CDR cases (with CDR: 0.536 vs. 0.493, non‐CDR: 0.445 vs. 0.426, respectively). Utilizing Jaszczak phantom PVCs, the absorbed dose was underpredicted by 0.7% and 4.9% without and with CDR, respectively. Utilizing anthropomorphic phantom recovery coefficient overpredicted the absorbed dose by 3% both with and without CDR. All dosimetry scenarios that incorporated PVC were within the calculated uncertainty of the activity. The uncertainties in the cumulative activity ranged from 23.6% to 106.4% for Jaszczak spheres ranging in volume from 0.5 to 16 ml.ConclusionThe accuracy of Monte Carlo‐based dosimetry for 131I RPT in HNC was validated with an anthropomorphic phantom. In this study, it was found that Jaszczak‐based PVCs were sufficient. Future applications of the phantom could involve 3D printing and characterizing patient‐specific volumes for more personalized RPT dosimetry estimates.
Optimal connected subgraphs: Integer programming formulations and polyhedra
Authors: Rehfeldt Daniel , Franz Henriette , Koch Thorsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConnectivity is a central concept in combinatorial optimization, graph theory, and operations research. In many applications, one is interested in finding an optimal subset of vertices with the essential requirement that the vertices are connected, but not how they are connected. In other words, it is not relevant which edges are selected to obtain connectivity. This article is concerned with the exact solution of such problems via integer programming. We analyze and compare (mixed) integer programming formulations with respect to the strength of their linear programming relaxations. Along the way, we also provide a tighter (compact) description of the connected subgraph polytope—the convex hull of subsets of vertices that induce a connected subgraph. Furthermore, we give a (compact) complete description of the connected subgraph polytope for graphs with no four independent vertices.
Susceptibility and field exposure of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae in Ontario, Canada to four insecticides
Authors: Farhan Yasmine , Limay‐Rios Victor , Schaafsma Arthur W , Smith Jocelyn L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDStriacosta albicosta Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a primary pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the Great Lakes region, causing yield loss and exacerbating mycotoxin contamination of grain. Foliar insecticides are currently used to manage S. albicosta; however, the toxicity and residual activity of these insecticides against S. albicosta are unknown. Laboratory and field bioassays were conducted to determine the susceptibility and period of in‐field efficacy provided by chlorantraniliprole, lambda‐cyhalothrin, spinetoram, and methoxyfenozide against S. albicosta. Bioassay data were used to simulate management scenarios.RESULTSFor all insecticides tested, 1st instars were highly susceptible to the recommended field application rates and were >3‐fold more susceptible to insecticides than 3rd instars. Insecticide activity decreased after application for all insecticides, with chlorantraniliprole having the longest residual activity. In simulated management scenarios where an insecticide was applied at or below the recommended 5% egg mass threshold with additional oviposition, methoxyfenozide application resulted in greater larval survival 14 days after application (DAA) than the other insecticides tested. In scenarios where insecticides were applied 7 days before threshold was reached, all insecticides resulted in larval survival.CONCLUSIONThese data demonstrate that chlorantraniliprole, lambda‐cyhalothrin and spinetoram, applied in conjunction with monitoring, provide effective control of S. albicosta larvae for 10–14 days, whereas methoxyfenozide provides effective control for less than 7 days. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design choice and machine learning model performances
Authors: Arboretti Rosa , Ceccato Riccardo , Pegoraro Luca , Salmaso Luigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of publications present the joint application of design of experiments (DOE) and machine learning (ML) as a methodology to collect and analyze data on a specific industrial phenomenon. However, the literature shows that the choice of the design for data collection and model for data analysis is often not driven by statistical or algorithmic advantages, thus there is a lack of studies which provide guidelines on what designs and ML models to jointly use for data collection and analysis. This article discusses the choice of design in relation to the ML model performances. A study is conducted that considers 12 experimental designs, seven families of predictive models, seven test functions that emulate physical processes, and eight noise settings, both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic. The results of the research can have an immediate impact on the work of practitioners, providing guidelines for practical applications of DOE and ML.
Discrete time‐delay multiagent networks: Pseudo‐predictor, full‐order, and reduced‐order observer
Authors: Liu Qingsong , Chai Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article studies the consensus and the input delay compensation problems for discrete‐time linear multiagent networks with time delays in the state and input. Pseudo‐predictor feedback (PPF) protocol is proposed, which makes use of the artificial closed‐loop dynamics to predict the future states. Sufficient conditions are offered to guarantee the multiagent consensus on the grounds of the stability of difference equations. Full‐order observer based PPF protocol and reduced‐order observer based PPF protocol are simultaneously established, and it is revealed that, under the PPF protocol, the convergence rate of the states is fastest. Compared with the existent predictor feedback protocol, the proposed protocol greatly reduces the calculation burden and is easier to implement since it has no concern with the (history) input information. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.
Medical errors: Experiences, attitudes and perspectives of incoming and outgoing final‐year veterinary students in the USA
Authors: Alexander‐Leeder Cordelia A. , Guess Sarah C. , Waiting Denise K. , Davidow Elizabeth B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical errors have an impact on veterinary patient safety. Studies in human medicine suggest that students can help prevent medical errors. However, there are no studies that address the role of veterinary students in patient safety.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to incoming final‐year (IFY) and outgoing final‐year (OFY) students at the Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Response data were compared between class year groups with a Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsThe response rate was 26.8% (70/261). Most respondents (85.7%) reported being present during a medical error, and 60% reported causing a medical error. The OFY group indicated lower agreement with documenting an error in the patient record and whether all errors should be disclosed. The IFY group felt more distress surrounding potential errors and sequential career implications. Compared with the IFY group, the OFY group agreed more that errors occur frequently in veterinary medicine and disagreed more that hospital staffing is adequate to ensure patient safety. Open responses recognised a need for communication training and identified that the OFY group regarded errors more actionably, whereas the IFY group viewed errors more emotionally.ConclusionMost veterinary students will experience medical errors prior to graduation, but some lack clarity around appropriate disclosure and documentation. Additional training on medical errors and error disclosure should be provided to veterinary students.
Crystal structure of N‐(1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐iodobenzene‐1‐sulfonohydrazide: the unexpected importance of l N‐H⋅⋅⋅π and I⋅⋅⋅π interactions on the supramolecular arrangement
Authors: Gomes Lígia R. , Früchtl Herbert , Low John N. , van Mourik Tanja , Pinheiro Alessandra C. , de Souza Marcus V. N. , Wardell James L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 2‐hydrazinyl‐1,3‐benzothiazole derivatives are precursors for synthesis of several compounds of technological interest, including the Bt−NH−N=CHR1 (R1=alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl), derivatives. Usually when Bt−NH−NH2 is allowed to react with a benzenesulfonyl chloride the substitution is observed in the terminal nitrogen of the arenehydrazine unit, but when 4‐iodophenyl sulfonyl chloride (4‐IC6H4SO2Cl) was used, the product isolated was the title compound as confirmed by Rx‐analysis. Determination of the crystal structure revealed that the definition of the arrangement was driven by N−H⋅⋅⋅π, C−I⋅⋅⋅π and S2−O21⋅⋅⋅π interactions instead of the classic O⋅⋅⋅H−N hydrogen bonds. The interactions were confirmed by HS analysis. Interaction energy calculations showed that the π interactions‐based motifs play an important role in the supramolecular arrangement, contributing about 60 % to the total energy of the lattice. DFT calculations showed that the energy of the C−I⋅⋅⋅π dimer is complemented with contributions of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and N−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between the primary amine and the thiazole aromatic ring.