bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value-based person-centred integrated care for frail elderly living at home: a quasi-experimental evaluation using multicriteria decision analysis
Authors: Hoedemakers Maaike , Karimi Milad , Leijten Fenna , Goossens Lucas , Islam Kamrul , Tsiachristas Apostolos , Rutten-van Molken Maureen 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of the person-centred, integrated care programme Care Chain Frail Elderly (CCFE) compared with usual care, using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA).DesignIn a 12-month quasi-experimental study, triple-aim outcomes were measured at 0, 6 and 12 months by trained interviewers during home-visits.SettingPrimary care, community-based elderly care.Participants384 community-dwelling frail elderly were enrolled. The 12-month completion rate was 70% in both groups. Propensity score matching was used to balance age, gender, marital status, living situation, education, smoking status and 3 month costs prior to baseline between the two groups.InterventionThe CCFE is an integrated care programme with unique features like the presence of the elderly and informal caregiver at the multidisciplinary team meetings, and a bundled payment.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe MCDA results in weighted overall value scores that combines the performance on physical functioning, psychological well-being, social relationships and participation, enjoyment of life, resilience, person-centredness, continuity of care and costs, with importance weights of patients, informal caregivers, professionals, payers and policy-makers.ResultsAt 6 months, the overall value scores of CCFE were higher in all stakeholder groups, driven by enjoyment of life (standardised performance scores 0.729 vs 0.685) and person-centredness (0.749 vs 0.663). At 12 months, the overall value scores in both groups were similar from a patient’s perspective, slightly higher for CCFE from an informal caregiver’s and professional’s perspective, and lower for CCFE from a payer’s and policy-maker’s perspective. The latter was driven by a worse performance on physical functioning (0.682 vs 0.731) and higher costs (€22 816 vs €20 680).ConclusionsThe MCDA indicated that the CCFE is the preferred way of delivering care to frail elderly at 6 months. However, at 12 months, MCDA results showed little difference from the perspective of patients, informal caregivers and professionals, while payers and policy-makers seemed to prefer usual care.
Efficacy and acceptability of next step treatment strategies in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Muit Jan Jacobus , van Eijndhoven Philip F P , Cipriani Andrea , Dalhuisen Iris , van Bronswijk Suzanne , Furukawa Toshi A , Ruhe Henricus G 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionFor major depression, a one-size-fits-all treatment does not exist. Patients enter a ‘trial-and-change’ algorithm in which effective therapies are subsequently applied. Unfortunately, an empirically based order of treatments has not yet been determined. There is a magnitude of different treatment strategies while clinical trials only compare a small number of these. Network meta-analyses (NMA) might offer a solution, but so far have been limited in scope and did not account for possible differences in population characteristics that arise with increasing levels of treatment-resistance, potentially violating the transitivity assumption. We; therefore, present a protocol for a systematic review and NMA aiming at summarising and ranking treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) while covering a broad range of therapeutic options and accounting for possible differences in population characteristics at increasing levels of treatment-resistance.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials will be included that compared next-step pharmacological, neuromodulation or psychological treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD; ie, failure to respond to ≥1 adequate antidepressant drug trial(s) in the current episode) to each other or to a control condition. Primary outcomes will be the proportion of patients who responded to (efficacy) and dropped out of (acceptability) the allocated treatment. A random effects NMA will be conducted, synthesising the evidence for each outcome and determining the differential efficacy of treatments. Heterogeneity in treatment nodes will be reduced by considering alternative geometries of the network structure and by conducting a meta-regression examining different levels of TRD. Local and global methods will be applied to evaluate consistency. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework will be used to assess risk of bias and certainty.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval.
Prevalence and predictors of influenza vaccination in long-term care homes: a cross-national retrospective observational study
Authors: Mulla Reem T , Turcotte Luke Andrew , Wellens Nathalie IH , Angevaare Milou J , Weir Julie , Jantzi Micaela , Hébert Paul C , Heckman George A , van Hout Hein , Millar Nigel , Hirdes John P 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo compare facility-level influenza vaccination rates in long-term care (LTC) homes from four countries and to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination among residents.Design and settingRetrospective cross-sectional study of individuals residing in LTC homes in New Brunswick (Canada), New Zealand, Switzerland, and the Netherlands between 2017 and 2020.ParticipantsLTC home residents assessed with interRAI assessment system instruments as part of routine practice in New Brunswick (n=7006) and New Zealand (n=34 518), and national pilot studies in Switzerland (n=2760) and the Netherlands (n=1508). End-of-life residents were excluded from all country cohorts.OutcomesInfluenza vaccination within the past year.ResultsInfluenza vaccination rates among LTC home residents were highest in New Brunswick (84.9%) and lowest in Switzerland (63.5%). For all jurisdictions where facility-level data were available, substantial interfacility variance was observed. There was approximately a fourfold difference in the coefficient of variation for facility-level vaccination rates with the highest in Switzerland at 37.8 and lowest in New Brunswick at 9.7. Resident-level factors associated with vaccine receipt included older age, severe cognitive impairment, medical instability, health conditions affecting a greater number of organ systems and social engagement. Residents who displayed aggressive behaviours and smoke tobacco were less likely to be vaccinated.ConclusionThere are opportunities to increase influenza vaccine uptake at both overall country and individual facility levels. Enhanced vaccine administration monitoring programmes in LTC homes that leverage interRAI assessment systems should be widely adopted.
Public perceptions of brain health: an international, online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Budin-Ljøsne Isabelle , Mowinckel Athanasia Monika , Friedman Barbara Bodorkos , Ebmeier Klaus P , Drevon Christian A , Carver Rebecca Bruu , Zsoldos Enikő , Fredheim Nanna Alida Grit , Sørensen Øystein , Baaré William Frans Christiaan , Madsen Kathrine Skak , Fjell Anders M , Kievit Rogier A , Ghisletta Paolo , Bartrés-Faz David , Nawijn Laura , Solé-Padullés Cristina , Walhovd Kristine B , Düzel Sandra , Zasyekina Larisa , Iulita Maria Florencia , Ferretti Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate public perspectives on brain health.DesignCross-sectional multilanguage online survey.SettingLifebrain posted the survey on its website and social media and shared it with stakeholders. The survey was open from 4 June 2019 to 31 August 2020.Participantsn=27 590 aged ≥18 years from 81 countries in five continents completed the survey. The respondents were predominantly women (71%), middle aged (41–60 years; 37%) or above (>60 years; 46%), highly educated (69%) and resided in Europe (98%).Main outcome measuresRespondents’ views were assessed regarding factors that may influence brain health, life periods considered important to look after the brain and diseases and disorders associated with the brain. We run exploratory linear models at a 99% level of significance to assess correlates of the outcome variables, adjusting for likely confounders in a targeted fashion.ResultsOf all significant effects, the respondents recognised the impact of lifestyle factors on brain health but had relatively less awareness of the role socioeconomic factors might play. Most respondents rated all life periods as important for the brain (95%–96%), although the prenatal period was ranked significantly lower (84%). Equally, women and highly educated respondents more often rated factors and life periods to be important for brain health. Ninety-nine per cent of respondents associated Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with the brain. The respondents made a connection between mental health and the brain, and mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression were significantly more often considered to be associated with the brain than neurological disorders such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Few respondents (<32%) associated cancer, hypertension, diabetes and arthritis with the brain.ConclusionsDifferences in perceptions of brain health were noted among specific segments of the population. Policies providing information about brain-friendly health behaviours and targeting people less likely to have relevant experience may be needed.
Prospective observational study of the role of the microbiome in BCG responsiveness prediction (SILENT-EMPIRE): a study protocol
Authors: Bieri Uwe , Scharl Michael , Sigg Silvan , Szczerba Barbara Maria , Morsy Yasser , Rüschoff Jan Hendrik , Schraml Peter Hans , Krauthammer Michael , Hefermehl Lukas John , Eberli Daniel , Poyet Cédric 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe human microbiota, the community of micro-organisms in different cavities, has been increasingly linked with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. While investigation into the gut microbiome has been robust, the urinary microbiome has only recently been described. Investigation into the relationship between bladder cancer (BC) and the bladder and the intestinal microbiome may elucidate a pathophysiological relationship between the two. The bladder or the intestinal microbiome or the interplay between both may also act as a non-invasive biomarker for tumour behaviour. While these associations have not yet been fully investigated, urologists have been manipulating the bladder microbiome for treatment of BC for more than 40 years, treating high grade non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) with intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Neither the association between the microbiome sampled directly from bladder tissue and the response to BCG-therapy nor the association between response to BCG-therapy with the faecal microbiome has been studied until now. A prognostic tool prior to initiation of BCG-therapy is still needed.Methods and analysisIn patients with NMIBC bladder samples will be collected during surgery (bladder microbiome assessment), faecal samples (microbiome assessment), instrumented urine and blood samples (biobank) will also be taken. We will analyse the microbial community by 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. The difference in alpha diversity (diversity of species within each sample) and beta diversity (change in species diversity) between BCG-candidates will be assessed. Subgroup analysis will be performed which will lead to the development of a clinical prediction model estimating risk of BCG-response.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee Zurich (2021-01783) and it is being conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05204199.
Risk factors and characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy with later development of macular neovascularisation detected on OCT angiography: a retrospective multicentre observational study
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyin , Komuku Yuki , Araki Takashi , Terasaki Hiroto , Miki Akiko , Kuwayama Soichiro , Nishi Tomo , Kinoshita Takamasa , Gomi Fumi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors and characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with subsequent macular neovascularisation (MNV) detected on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods and analysisWe included patients from six institutions who were initially diagnosed with CSC and subsequently did or did not develop MNV detected by OCTA. Potential influencing factors were identified by evaluating the patients’ baseline demographics, multimodal fundus imaging, treatment options, recurrence and outcomes in both groups.ResultsWe enrolled 176 eyes in 152 patients (112 men, 40 women; mean age: 52.1±10.4 years) with a mean follow-up of 30.4±16.3 months. Secondary MNV was present in 23 eyes (13.1%), and non-MNV was observed in 153 eyes (86.9%) by OCTA. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11; p=0.014), chronic CSC (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.12 to 8.30; p=0.029), leakage sites within the fovea on fluorescein angiography (OR 7.60; 95% CI, 1.89 to 30.48; p=0.004) and recurrent fluid within the first year (OR 5.12; 95% CI 1.66 to 15.77; p=0.012) were risk factors for subsequent MNV. Moreover, eyes with CSC complicated with MNV were characterised by poor visual acuity and low complete fluid resolution rates.ConclusionThe factors associated with MNV secondary to CSC were older age, higher rates of chronic CSC and recurrence, and foveal leakage points on fluorescein angiography.
Tissue characterisation and primary percutaneous coronary intervention guidance using intravascular ultrasound: rationale and design of the SPECTRUM study
Authors: Groenland Frederik T W , Mahmoud Karim D , Neleman Tara , Ziedses des Plantes Annemieke C , Scoccia Alessandra , Ligthart Jurgen , Witberg Karen T , Nuis Rutger-Jan , den Dekker Wijnand K , Wilschut Jeroen M , Diletti Roberto , Zijlstra Felix , Kardys Isabella , Cummins Paul , Van Mieghem Nicolas M , Daemen Joost 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) improves clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) but dedicated prospective studies assessing the safety and efficacy of IVUS guidance during primary PCI are lacking.Methods and analysisThe SPECTRUM study is a prospective investigator-initiated single-centre single-arm observational cohort study aiming to enrol 200 patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarct undergoing IVUS-guided primary PCI. IVUS will be performed at baseline, postintervention and postoptimisation (if applicable), using a 40–60 MHz high-definition (HD) system. Baseline tissue characterisation includes the morphological description of culprit lesion plaque characteristics and thrombus as assessed with HD-IVUS. The primary endpoint is target vessel failure at 12 months (defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction and clinically driven target vessel revascularisation). The secondary outcome of interest is IVUS-guided optimisation, defined as IVUS-guided additional balloon dilatation or stent placement. Other endpoints include clinical and procedural outcomes along with post-PCI IVUS findings.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Written informed consent is obtained from all patients. Study findings will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals in the field of cardiovascular imaging and interventions and will be presented at international scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05007535.
Validity of semiclassical limit to quantum gravity in two-mode oscillating quantized massive scalar field quantum cosmology
Authors: Rathore Meghna , Dhayal Renu , Venkataratnam K. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSemiclassical Einstein equations are used to describe the interaction of the back-reaction of the classical gravitational field with quantum matter fields in semiclassical gravity. We in our previous studies have made use of the semiclassical approximation to demonstrate the phenomenon of particle production, often called preheating/reheating of the universe, which occurs after the inflationary epoch during the oscillatory phase of two-mode quantized scalar field of chaotic inflationary model. During this oscillatory phase, back-reaction effects from the created particles, on account of the quantum nature of the states considered, could be significant and one might be concerned about the validity of the semiclassical approximation in these two-mode quantum optical states. The validity of the semiclassical approximation in these states is examined and it is presented how the magnitude of states parameter draws limit on the applicability and reliability of semiclassical theory of gravity. It is argued that semiclassical theory to gravity is a good approximation for states which are closer to coherent states i.e., with coherent parameters greater than unity and with squeezed parameter much smaller than unity.
Surface terms of quintic quasitopological gravity and thermodynamics of quasi-topological magnetic brane coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Bazrafshan A. , Olamaei A. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the the quintic quasitopological action which has no well-defined variational principle, we introduced a surface term that for a spacetime with flat boundaries make the action well-defined. Moreover, we investigated the numerical solutions of the above-mentioned gravity coupled to the nonlinear logarithmic and exponential electrodynamics. It has no horizon and curvature except one conical singularity at $$r=0$$

r
=
0

with a deficit angle $$\delta \phi $$

δ
ϕ

. Also we found the counterterm which removes non-logarithmic divergences for the static quintic quasitopological gravity. Using this counterterm one can calculate a finite action and conserved quantities for the quintic quasitopological gravity.
Mapping state-sponsored information operations with multi-view modularity clustering
Authors: Uyheng Joshua , Cruickshank Iain J. , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new computational framework for mapping state-sponsored information operations into distinct strategic units. Utilizing a novel method called multi-view modularity clustering (MVMC), we identify groups of accounts engaged in distinct narrative and network information maneuvers. We then present an analytical pipeline to holistically determine their coordinated and complementary roles within the broader digital campaign. Applying our proposed methodology to disclosed Chinese state-sponsored accounts on Twitter, we discover an overarching operation to protect and manage Chinese international reputation by attacking individual adversaries (Guo Wengui) and collective threats (Hong Kong protestors), while also projecting national strength during global crisis (the COVID-19 pandemic). Psycholinguistic tools quantify variation in narrative maneuvers employing hateful and negative language against critics in contrast to communitarian and positive language to bolster national solidarity. Network analytics further distinguish how groups of accounts used network maneuvers to act as balanced operators, organized masqueraders, and egalitarian echo-chambers. Collectively, this work breaks methodological ground on the interdisciplinary application of unsupervised and multi-view methods for characterizing not just digital campaigns in particular, but also coordinated activity more generally. Moreover, our findings contribute substantive empirical insights around how state-sponsored information operations combine narrative and network maneuvers to achieve interlocking strategic objectives. This bears both theoretical and policy implications for platform regulation and understanding the evolving geopolitical significance of cyberspace.
Physical viability of anisotropic compact stars solutions under Karmarkar condition in f(ℛ,𝒯) theory of gravity
Authors: Zubair M. , Mustafa G. , Saleem Rabia , Javaid Hina 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we investigate the generalized symmetric, static compact objects under anisotropic fluid in the background of Karmarkar embedding class-1 condition. To find the exact solutions of the modified field equations, we consider the gravitational Lagrangian as a linear function of the Ricci scalar and the trace of the stress–energy tensor, i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a constant. By employing the concept of Karmarkar condition, we calculate a [Formula: see text] metric component, while for a specific form of [Formula: see text], the gravitational potential is chosen. To attain the closed-form solutions of the modified field equations, we match the interior spacetime metric with the exterior Schwarzschild metric at the boundary and using the numerical values of mass and radius of the compact stars like PSR J1903+327, 4U 1820-30, LMC X-4, and EXO 1785-248, we constraint some unknown parameters. We have discussed physical stability of the stellar configuration by adopting the energy bounds, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation, adiabatic index, central density and pressure as well. It is concluded that our resulting anisotropic solutions did well behave and a reasonable degree of precision with recent observations.
Approximation of random diffusion equations by nonlocal diffusion equations in free boundary problems of one space dimension
Authors: Du Yihong , Ni Wenjie 
Published: April 2022

We show how the Stefan type free boundary problem with random diffusion in one space dimension can be approximated by the corresponding free boundary problem with nonlocal diffusion. The approximation problem is a slightly modified version of the nonlocal diffusion problem with free boundaries considered in [J. Cao, Y. Du, F. Li and W.-T. Li, The dynamics of a Fisher–KPP nonlocal diffusion model with free boundaries, J. Functional Anal. 277 (2019) 2772–2814; C. Cortazar, F. Quiros and N. Wolanski, A nonlocal diffusion problem with a sharp free boundary, Interfaces Free Bound. 21 (2019) 441–462]. The proof relies on the introduction of several auxiliary free boundary problems and constructions of delicate upper and lower solutions for these problems. As usual, the approximation is achieved by choosing the kernel function in the nonlocal diffusion term of the form [Formula: see text] for small [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] has compact support. We also give an estimate of the error term of the approximation by some positive power of [Formula: see text].