bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose–response efficacy of mulberry fruit extract for reducing post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses: randomised trial evidence in healthy adults
Authors: Mela David J , Cao Xiu-Zhen , Govindaiah Santhosh , Hiemstra Harry , Kalathil Ramitha , Lin Li , Manoj Joshi , Mi Tingyan , Verhoeven Carole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracts of mulberry have been shown to reduce post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses, but reliability of these effects and required doses and specifications are unclear. We previously found that 1·5 g of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) significantly reduced PPG and PPI responses to 50 g carbohydrate as rice porridge, with no indications of intolerance. The trials reported here aimed to replicate that work and assess the efficacy of lower MFE doses, using boiled rice as the carbohydrate source. Two separate randomised controlled intervention studies were carried out with healthy Indian males and females aged 20–50 years (n 84 per trial), with PPG area under the curve over 2 h as the primary outcome. Trial 1 used doses of 0, 0·37, 0·75, 1·12 and 1·5 g MFE in boiled rice and 0 or 1·5 g MFE in rice porridge. Trial 2 used doses of 0, 0·04, 0·12, 0·37 g MFE in boiled rice. In trial 1, relative to control, all MFE doses significantly decreased PPG (–27·2 to −22·9 %; all P ≤ 0·02) and PPI (–34·6 to −14·0 %, all P < 0·01). Breath hydrogen was significantly increased only at 1·5 g MFE (in rice porridge), and self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms were uniformly low. In trial 2, only 0·37 g MFE significantly affected PPG (–20·4 %, P = 0·002) and PPI (–17·0 %, P < 0·001). Together, these trials show that MFE in doses as low as 0·37 g can reliably reduce PPG and PPI responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal, with no apparent adverse effects.
Poetry for linguistic description: The Maldives inside and outside the Arabic cosmopolis in 1890
Authors: Field Garrett 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 1890, the Maldivian judge and poet Sheikh Muhammad Jamaluddin connected poetry with linguistic description in two ways. First, when he described features of the Dhivehi language with the aid of Arabic linguistic theory, he used Dhivehi poetry as linguistic evidence for correct usage. Second, he authored Dhivehi-language poetry about Arabic linguistic theory. Cosmopolis scholarship relates a narrative of how the wide circulation of Sanskrit, Arabic, and/or Persian fostered a vast network of writers who authored texts in major vernacular languages like Bengali, Burmese, Javanese, Kannada, Khmer, Malay, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Tibetan, Turkish, and Urdu. This scholarship suggests that authors living within a particular cosmopolis wrote in divergent vernacular languages yet were, in some sense, connected because they translated and responded creatively to the same widely circulated source texts written in Sanskrit, Arabic, and/or Persian. Yet in cosmopolis scholarship's effort to reveal understudied connections, various degrees of disconnection among writers of vernacular languages within a cosmopolis tend to be missed. One problem of overlooking disconnection among writers of vernacular languages is that readers could mistakenly conflate superculture-subculture interaction with intercultural interaction. In this article, I argue that Dhivehi-language poetry and linguistic description was inside the Arabic cosmopolis but simultaneously outside, because in circa 1890 non-Maldivians in the Arabic cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia could not even read the Thaana script of the Dhivehi language.
Transport Terrorism: A Counter-Terrorism Medicine Analysis
Authors: Tin Derrick , Barten Dennis G. , De Cauwer Harald , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Many capital cities around the world have been subjected to terrorist attacks on their transport systems with devastating consequences. Large crowds in small enclosed spaces, disruption to people movement, and the psychosocial and financial repercussions of attacks are some of the many soft target vulnerabilities of mass-transit systems.This study is an epidemiological examination of all terrorism-related events targeting air, sea, and ground transport modalities sustained from 1970-2019, comparing the rates of fatal injuries (FI) and non-fatal injuries (NFI).Method:The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was downloaded and searched using the internal database search functions for all events that occurred from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Years 2020 and 2021 were not yet available at the time of the study. “Transportation,” “Airport and Aircraft,” and “Maritime” as primary target types were selected for the purpose of this study, and events were further sub-classified by region, weapon type used, and by suicide attack (SA). “Airport personnel” were excluded. All classifications and sub-classifications were pre-determined by the GTD.Results:There were 8,729 transportation-related (air, sea, and ground) attacks documented during the study period with 19,020 fatalities and 45,218 NFI. This accounted for 5.2% of all terrorist attacks (168,003 total events), 5.6% of all FI (total 339,435), and 9.1% of all NFI (total 496,225). The mean FI was 2.2 per event and the mean NFI was 5.2 per attack.South Asia (28.4%), Middle East and North Africa (18.2%), and South America (14.9%) accounted for 61.5% of all transport related attacks. Attacks on subways inflicted a disproportionately high 51.5 NFI per attack. Suicide attacks recorded the highest ratios for both FI (13.71 per attack) and NFI (139.00 per attack).Conclusion:Transport modalities are vulnerable terrorist soft targets. The repercussions of attacks on public transport modalities represent a significant and unique psychosocial and economical risk to the affected communities. Suicide attacks on subways represent a unique and significantly higher casualty risk than other transport modalities. Risk mitigation strategies should be regularly revisited by Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) specialists.
Foul Ball Rates and Injuries at Major League Baseball Games: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from Three Stadiums
Authors: Milsten Andrew , Bradley William F. , Hill Michael , Sacco Weston , Henes Mina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImportance:This paper provides a large-scale, per Major League Baseball (MLB) game analysis of foul ball (FB) injury data and provides estimates of injury frequency and severity.Objective:This study’s goal was to quantify and describe the rate and type of FB injuries at MLB games.Design:This was a retrospective review of medical care reports for patients evaluated by on-site health care providers (HCPs) over a non-contiguous 11-year period (2005-2016). Data were obtained using Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests.Setting:Data were received from three US-based MLB stadiums.Results:The review reported 0.42-0.55 FB injuries per game that were serious enough to warrant presentation at a first aid center. This translated to a patients per 10,000 fans rate (PPTT) of 0.13-0.23. The transport to hospital rate (TTHR) was 0.02-0.39. Frequently, FB injuries required analgesics but were overwhelmingly minor and occurred less often than non-FB traumatic injuries (5.2% versus 42%-49%). However, FB injured fans were more likely to need higher levels of care and transport to hospital (TH) as compared to people suffering other traumatic injuries at the ballpark. Contusions or head injuries were common. Finally, FB injured fans were often hit in the abdomen, upper extremity, face, or head. It was found that FB injuries appeared to increase with time, and this increase in injuries aligns with the sudden increase in popularity of smartphones in the United States.Conclusions and Relevance:These data suggest that in roughly every two or three MLB games, a foul ball causes a serious enough injury that a fan seeks medical attention. This rate is high enough to warrant attention, but is comparable in frequency to other diagnostic categories. Assessing the risk to fans from FBs remains difficult, but with access to uniform data, researchers could answer persistent questions that would lead to actionable changes and help guide public policy towards safer stadiums.
Frictional Stability of Metamorphic Epidote in Granitoid Faults Under Hydrothermal Conditions and Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity
Authors: An Mengke , Zhang Fengshou , Min Ki‐Bok , Elsworth Derek , He Changrong , Zhao Luanxiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe presence of metamorphic epidote on faults has been implicated in the transition from stable to unstable slip and the nucleation of earthquakes. We present structured laboratory observations of mixed epidote and simulated Pohang granodiorite (analogous to the EGS‐enhanced geothermal system site) gouges to evaluate the impact of heterogeneity and contiguity of epidote‐patch structure on frictional instability. Experiments are at a confining pressure of 110 MPa, pore fluid pressures of 42–63 MPa, temperatures 100–250°C and epidote percentages of 0–100 vol.%. The simulated Pohang granodiorite gouge is frictionally strong (friction coefficient ∼0.71) but transits from velocity‐strengthening to velocity‐weakening at temperatures >150°C. This velocity‐weakening effect is amplified in approximate proportion to increasing epidote content. Modes of epidote precipitation likely control the size and contiguity of the epidote‐only patches and this in turn changes the response of 50:50 epidote‐granodiorite mixed gouges for different geometric configurations. However, 50:50 epidote‐granodiorite mixtures that are variously homogeneously mixed, encapsulated and checkerboarded in their structures are insensitive to their geometries – all reflect the high frictional strength and strong velocity‐weakening response of 100:0 pure epidote. This suggests that the epidote present as thin coatings on fractures/faults can enhance velocity‐weakening behavior, independent of individual patch size and can thereby support the potential seismic reactivation of faults. Considering the frictional and stability properties of epidote at conditions typical of shallow depths, the presence of low‐grade metamorphism exerts a potentially important control on fault stability in granitoids with relevance as a marker mineral for susceptibility to injection‐induced seismicity.
Compound Effects of Climate Change on Future Transboundary Water Issues in the Middle East
Authors: Dezfuli Amin , Razavi Saman , Zaitchik Benjamin F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Middle East is one of the world's most vulnerable areas to climate change, which has exacerbated environmental, agricultural, water conflict, and public health issues in the region. Here we analyze the latest climate model projections of precipitation and temperature for the very high emissions scenario, SSP5‐8.5, to detect potential future changes in this region. A baseline period (1981–2010) is compared with the middle (2040–2069) and end (2070–2099) of the 21st century. The results, representing the worst‐case scenario, identify the Tigris‐Euphrates headwaters as the hotspot of future compounding effects of climate change in the Middle East. Those effects result from the coincidence of elevated temperature, reduced precipitation, and enhanced interannual variability of precipitation. The hotspot overlays the location of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (in Turkish, Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi [GAP]) irrigation initiative. In this climate context, risks to GAP viability and downstream water security, and associated potential for water‐related conflicts and migration are considerable and demand a reconsideration of the risk‐benefit assessment of GAP. This need has become more urgent after the recent widespread and deadly climate‐related conflicts and wildfires in summer 2021 across the Middle East that further underlined vulnerability of the region to climate extremes.
Cannabinoids as anticancer drugs: current status of preclinical research
Authors: Hinz Burkhard , Ramer Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrugs that target the endocannabinoid system are of interest as pharmacological options to combat cancer and to improve the life quality of cancer patients. From this perspective, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a systemic therapeutic option in a number of preclinical models over the past decades. As a result of these efforts, a large body of data suggests that the anticancer effects of cannabinoids are exerted at multiple levels of tumour progression via different signal transduction mechanisms. Accordingly, there is considerable evidence for cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of tumour cell proliferation, tumour invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, as well as induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Further studies showed that cannabinoids could be potential combination partners for established chemotherapeutic agents or other therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment. Research in recent years has yielded several compounds that exert promising effects on tumour cells and tissues in addition to the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, such as the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential of cannabinoids as inhibitors of tumour growth and spread as demonstrated in preclinical studies.
Oxidative phosphorylation promotes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Shi Jia , Yang Yi , Wang Ya-Nan , Li Qing , Xing Xue , Cheng An-Ying , Zhan Xiao-Na , Li Jie , Xu Gang , He Fan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetabolism has been reported to associate with the progression of vascular diseases. However, how vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is regulated by metabolic status remains poorly understood. Using a model of 5/6 nephrectomy, we demonstrated that the aortic tissues of CKD mice had a preference for using oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Both high phosphate and human uremic serum-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) had enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity, while the glycolysis level was not significantly different. Besides, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) exacerbated vascular calcification by upregulating OXPHOS. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was higher in the aortic tissue of CKD mice than those of sham-operated mice. Moreover, the expression levels of COX15 were higher in CKD patients with aortic arch calcification (AAC) than those without AAC, and the AAC scores were correlated with the expression level of COX15. Suppressing COX sufficiently attenuated vascular calcification. Our findings verify the relationship between OXPHOS and calcification, and may provide potential therapeutic approaches for vascular calcification in CKD.
Toward tunable quantum transport and novel magnetic states in Eu1−xSrxMn1−zSb2 (z < 0.05)
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Jinyu , Cao Huibo , Phelan Adam , Graf David , DiTusa J. F. , Tennant D. Alan , Mao Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnetic semimetals are very promising for potential applications in novel spintronic devices. Nevertheless, realizing tunable topological states with magnetism in a controllable way is challenging. Here, we report novel magnetic states and the tunability of topological semimetallic states through the control of Eu spin reorientation in Eu1−xSrxMn1−zSb2. Increasing the Sr concentration in this system induces a surprising reorientation of noncollinear Eu spins to the Mn moment direction and topological semimetallic behavior. The Eu spin reorientations to distinct collinear antiferromagnetic orders are also driven by the temperature/magnetic field and are coupled to the transport properties of the relativistic fermions generated by the 2D Sb layers. These results suggest that nonmagnetic element doping at the rare earth element site may be an effective strategy for generating topological electronic states and new magnetic states in layered compounds involving spatially separated rare earth and transition metal layers.
Wearable multifunctional soft sensor and contactless 3D scanner using supersonically sprayed silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide, and PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Jo Hong Seok , Park Chan-Woo , An Seongpil , Aldalbahi Ali , El-Newehy Mohamed , Park Simon S. , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe multifunctional soft sensor developed here is capable of simultaneously sensing six stimuli, including pressure, bending strain, temperature, proximity, UV light, and humidity, with high accuracy and without interference among the respective built-in components. The sensor is fabricated via a facile, scalable, and cost-effective supersonic cold-spraying method using silver nanowires (AgNWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). A mask and laser cutter are used in conjunction with the supersonic cold-spraying method to produce miniaturized multifunctional sensors that can be readily installed on various substrates; for example, the production of gloves capable of multifunctional sensing. In particular, the proximity sensor of the multifunctional glove sensor can produce a three-dimensional (3D) image of a scanned object, showing high potential for use in military, medical, and industrial applications.
Secondary structure prediction for RNA sequences including N6-methyladenosine
Authors: Kierzek Elzbieta , Zhang Xiaoju , Watson Richard M. , Kennedy Scott D. , Szabat Marta , Kierzek Ryszard , Mathews David H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the roles of covalently modified nucleotides in RNA. There has been, however, an inability to account for modifications in secondary structure prediction because of a lack of software and thermodynamic parameters. We report the solution for these issues for N6-methyladenosine (m6A), allowing secondary structure prediction for an alphabet of A, C, G, U, and m6A. The RNAstructure software now works with user-defined nucleotide alphabets of any size. We also report a set of nearest neighbor parameters for helices and loops containing m6A, using experiments. Interestingly, N6-methylation decreases folding stability for adenosines in the middle of a helix, has little effect on folding stability for adenosines at the ends of helices, and increases folding stability for unpaired adenosines stacked on a helix. We demonstrate predictions for an N6-methylation-activated protein recognition site from MALAT1 and human transcriptome-wide effects of N6-methylation on the probability of adenosine being buried in a helix.
Genotyping-by-sequencing-based identification of Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor RLP32 recognizing proteobacterial translation initiation factor IF1
Authors: Fan Li , Fröhlich Katja , Melzer Eric , Pruitt Rory N. , Albert Isabell , Zhang Lisha , Joe Anna , Hua Chenlei , Song Yanyue , Albert Markus , Kim Sang-Tae , Weigel Detlef , Zipfel Cyril , Chae Eunyoung , Gust Andrea A. , Nürnberger Thorsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActivation of plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on the recognition of microbe-derived structures, termed patterns, through plant-encoded surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). We show that proteobacterial translation initiation factor 1 (IF1) triggers PTI inArabidopsis thalianaand related Brassicaceae species. Unlike for most other immunogenic patterns, IF1 elicitor activity cannot be assigned to a small peptide epitope, suggesting that tertiary fold features are required for IF1 receptor activation. We have deployed natural variation in IF1 sensitivity to identifyArabidopsisleucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like protein 32 (RLP32) as IF1 receptor using a restriction site-associated DNA sequencing approach. RLP32 confers IF1 sensitivity torlp32mutants, IF1-insensitiveArabidopsisaccessions and IF1-insensitiveNicotiana benthamiana, binds IF1 specifically and forms complexes with LRR receptor kinases SOBIR1 and BAK1 to mediate signaling. Similar to other PRRs, RLP32 confers resistance toPseudomonas syringae, highlighting an unexpectedly complex array of bacterial pattern sensors within a single plant species.
Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface
Authors: Sahu Rishabh , Hease William , Rueda Alfredo , Arnold Georg , Qiu Liu , Fink Johannes M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only $$0.1{6}_{-0.01}^{+0.02}$$
0.1

6

−
0.01

+
0.02

microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with $$0.4{1}_{-0.02}^{+0.02}$$
0.4

1

−
0.02

+
0.02

), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago.
Gq neuromodulation of BLA parvalbumin interneurons induces burst firing and mediates fear-associated network and behavioral state transition in mice
Authors: Fu Xin , Teboul Eric , Weiss Grant L. , Antonoudiou Pantelis , Borkar Chandrashekhar D. , Fadok Jonathan P. , Maguire Jamie , Tasker Jeffrey G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatterned coordination of network activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is important for fear expression. Neuromodulatory systems play an essential role in regulating changes between behavioral states, however the mechanisms underlying this neuromodulatory control of transitions between brain and behavioral states remain largely unknown. We show that chemogenetic Gq activation and α1 adrenoreceptor activation in mouse BLA parvalbumin (PV) interneurons induces a previously undescribed, stereotyped phasic bursting in PV neurons and time-locked synchronized bursts of inhibitory postsynaptic currents and phasic firing in BLA principal neurons. This Gq-coupled receptor activation in PV neurons suppresses gamma oscillations in vivo and in an ex vivo slice model, and facilitates fear memory recall, which is consistent with BLA gamma suppression during conditioned fear expression. Thus, here we identify a neuromodulatory mechanism in PV inhibitory interneurons of the BLA which regulates BLA network oscillations and fear memory recall.