bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qayaligh in the monuments of numismatics of the Chingizids
Authors: Петров П.Н. , Атыгаев Н.А. , Белтенов Ж.М. 
Published: September 2022

Целью исследования состояла, во-первых, в выяснении существования монетного дела и, во-вторых, в установлении характера денежного обращения в Кайалыке в XIII—XIV вв., при Чингизидах. Впервые выявлены мелкие анонимные — без указания года и названия монетного двора — серебряные монеты (акче) с тамгой Угедея. Установлено, что с 1252 г. по распоряжению Мöнгке-каана Кайалык являлся уделом Кайду. С этого года Кайду мог начать чеканку монеты с такой тамгой в этом городе. Подтверждена принадлежность денежному производству Кайалыка двух других типов монет, не имеющих выпускных данных и имени эмитента — медных пулов и серебряных полновесных дирхамов. Они отнесены к выпускам Чагатаида Алгу. Впервые получил частичную атрибуцию именной серебряный дирхам Мубарак-Шаха, также битый в средневековом Кайалыке. Прослежено распространение некоторых монет по территории Казахстана, и это позволило обнаружить конкретные трассы «Шёлкового пути» от Кайалыка до Отрара и до Йанги Тараза. Выяснилось, что эти караванные трассы эксплуатировались до последней трети XIII в. После 1270 г., по имеющимся монетным данным, товарно-денежные отношения в Кайалыке не наблюдаются.
The research was aimed to reveal some evidence of coinage and to establish the nature of monetary circulation in Qayaligh during the 13th and the 14th centuries, under the Genghisids. For the first time, small silver akçe coins were identified, which are anonymous, since they lack both the year and the name of the mint, yet only bear a tamgha of Ögedei. Qayaligh became the possession of Qaidu by order of Möngke Kagan since 1252. It is this very year that Qaidu could have started issuing coins with such tamgha signs in Qayaligh. Two more coin types, lacking both data of issue and names of issuers, are confirmed to belong to the coinage of Qayaligh; these are copper pūls and silver full-weight dirhams. These coin releases are attributed to Algu of the Chaghatayids. For the first time, an attribution for a nominal coin of Mubarak Shah is proposed; this is a silver dirham, and it was minted in medieval Qayaligh as well. The ways of distribution of some coins were traced on the territory of Kazakhstan. Specific routes of the Silk Road were revealed to lead from Qayaligh to Otrar and to Yangi Taraz. This caravan routes was operated until the last third of the 13th century. Commodity-money relations have not been observed in Qayaligh since 1270.
Torques from the 3rd century BCE Scythian graves in the North-West Black Sea region
Authors: Закордонец О.А. 
Published: September 2022

Одно из таких украшений обнаружено в катакомбе на левобережье Нижнего Дуная, две других гривны — в погребениях на левобережье Нижнего Днестра. Изделия с окончаниями в виде змеиных головок (Дервент 13/1) и с лопаточковидными окончаниями (Глиное 60/1) свидетельствуют о фракийском влиянии на скифскую материальную культуру. Уникальная гривна из катакомбы Глиное 116/1 отражает прямые контакты скифов левобережья Нижнего Днестра с носителями латенских/германских культур Центральной Европы. Гривны, наряду с другими артефактами из погребальных комплексов, демонстрируют преемственность комплекса украшений III—II вв. до н. э. по отношению к таковому предшествующего времени (V—IV вв. до н.э.).
One representative of these personal ornaments was found in a catacomb grave on the left bank of the Lower Danube, the other two were recovered in graves on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The torquewith serpentine heads (Dervent 13/1) and that with spatula-shaped ends (Glinoe 60/1) may testify to the Thracian influence on the Scythian material culture. The unique torque from the catacomb grave Glinoe 116/1 reflects the direct contacts of the Scythians on the left bank of the Lower Dniester with the bearers of the La Tène/Germanic cultures in Central Europe. Torques, as well as other grave goods, may signalize continuity of the set of personal decorations dated back to the 3rd and the 2ndcenturies BCE in relation to the Scythian culture of the older times (the 5th and the 4thcenturies BCE).
Numismatic finds in the Medieval Town of Saraychuq according to the results of archaeological research. Pt. I
Authors: Петров П.Н. , Муктар А.К. , Биккиняев Н.Х. , Джумабаев А.Ж. 
Published: September 2022

Характеризуются состав и происхождение монетного комплекса из 140 экземпляров, полученного в 2019 г. в четырёх раскопах на территории городища Сарайчик. Кроме медных пулов XIV и рубежа XIV—XV вв., имеются две серебряные монеты XV в. Средневековые жилые постройки были засыпаны грунтом в конце XIV в.; имеются и остатки построек XV в. Затем на их месте разместили кладбище. В результате археологи имеют дело с переотложенными культурными слоями, что в целом ряде случаев исключает привязку нумизматических находок к закрытым комплексам памятника. Состав же монетного комплекса фиксирует примерно 15—18-летний (1360-х — 1370-х гг.) перерыв в случайных денежных потерях на изучаемой территории, и это указывает, возможно, на её запустение. В XIV в., до 1360-х гг., местные рынки обеспечивались пулами с названиями монетных дворов Нижнего Поволжья. Хронологическая статистика подъёмного материала не соответствует таковой по монетам из раскопов. Зафиксированное время начала монетных утрат на исследуемой части побережья Жайыка в средневековом городе Сарайчук — 1320-е гг. В 2019 г. монетный комплекс слоёв городища впервые пополнился пулами рубежа XIV—XV вв. с необычными тамгами. Их могли изготавливать в Сарайчуке, поскольку такие монеты в других местах пока не известны.
The paper clarifies the nature and composition of the coin complex discovered during archaeological research of 2019 on the territory of the hillfort called Saraishyq. The total number of coins is 140 items. Two of these are silver coins of the 15th century, the rest are copper pūls of the 14thcentury and of the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. In four excavation units, medieval house buildings were revealed to be filled with soil at the end of the 14th century. In the 15thcentury, more building remains as well as subsequent burials have been deposited there. As a result, archaeologists most often may deal with redeposited occupation layers, and numismatic finds could hardly have been associated with undisturbed contexts at the site. It is perhaps due to the desolation of the occupation area under study, that the overall composition of the coin complex displays a break in coin losses in the 1360s — 1370s. In the 14th century until the 1360s, local markets were provided with pūls bearing names of mints located in the Lower Volgaregion. The chronological composition of surface finds does not statistically correspond to that of the coins found deep in the ground. The loss of coins on the right bank of the Ural River, in the medieval town of Saraychuq, is established to begin in the 1320s. In 2019, pūls dated back to the turn of the 14th — 15th centuries with unusual tamgha signs were discovered for the first time in the hillfort layers. They could have been minted in the town of Saraychuqsince such coins have never been reported to be found elsewhere.
Updating the catalog of barbarian coin imitations from Antique Taurica
Authors: Андриевский Д.В. 
Published: September 2022

Объектом исследования стала античная серебряная монета, найденная в 2011 г. на дневной поверхности южнее пос. Зуя Белогорского района (Крым), по дороге к с. Красногорское (Нейзац). Она отчеканена на прямоугольной, плохо отожженной пластинке. На аверсе оттиснуто весьма гротескное, но все же узнаваемое изображение львиной головы с пышной гривой, развернутой влево. На реверсе виден лук с вложенной стрелой, и размещена небрежно выполненная легенда «ΠΑΤΗ». Судя по стилистике исполнения, эта монета — реплика, выпущенная в варварском эмиссионном центре как подражание тетроболу Нимфея, отчеканенному от имени общины выходцев из Самоса. Реплику могли изготовить в период обращения оригинала, эмиссия которого была, между тем, непродолжительной. Легенда же реверса может содержать имя санкционировавшего эмиссию реплик скифского правителя Патия, который, предположительно, кочевал в Восточной Таврике, ибо за ее пределами монеты Нимфея, выпущенные выходцами из Самоса, до сих пор не выявлены. Сам же факт обнаружения изучаемой монеты свидетельствует о существовании денежного обращения у таврических скифов уже в V в. до н.э.
In the early 2011, an antique silver coin was found on the day surface south of the town of Zuya (Belogorsky district, Crimea), on the way to the village of Krasnogorskoe (Neizats). It is minted on a badly annealed rectangular plate. On its obverse, a very grotesque but still recognizable image is imprinted of a lion’s head with a lush mane turned to the left. The reverse displays a bow with an arrow put on it and a carelessly made legend “ΠΑΤΗ”. Judging by the manufacture style, the coin is a replica issued in a barbarian emission center, an imitation of the tetrobol of Nymphaion, minted on behalf of the community of Samos. Moreover, the replica could be minted during the period of circulation of the original, with taking into account the fact of the short duration of its issue. The legend of the reverse may contain the name of the Scythian ruler Patiy, who authorized the release of replicas. There is every reason to believe that Patiy could have had his nomad camps here, in Eastern Taurica, since the coins of Nymphaion, issued by immigrants from Samos, have not yet been identified in other regions of the antique world. The very fact of the discovery of the studied coin testifies to the existence of monetary circulation among the Tauride Scythians already in the 5th c. BCE.
Revisiting the purpose of the embassy of Naaman and Mahes to Rome, or to the prosopography of the Pontic kingdom
Authors: Чореф М.М. 
Published: September 2022

Объектом изучения стал травертиновый блок с билингвой на латинском и греческом языках, высеченной от имени понтийского царя Митридата IV Филопатора Филадельфа. Артефакт мог быть фрагментом монумента II—I вв. до н. э., располагавшегося близ храма Юпитера Капитолийского в Риме. Примечательно то, что в надписи упомянуты царские послы: Найман, сын Наймана и Махес, сын Махеса. На основании изучения священных текстов и мифологии, можно полагать, что первый происходил из Иудеи, а второй был выходцем из Египта. Понтийский царь отправил их в посольство для информирования о своих контактах с Хасмонеями и с автохтонной элитой государства Птолемеев, и это должно было поднять его авторитет в глазах Сената и римского народа.
The interest of the research was focused on a travertine block with a bilingual inscription in Latin and Greek carved on behalf of Mithridates IV Philopator Philadelphus, a ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. The artifact could be a fragment of a monument of the 2nd — 1st cc. BCE located near the Temple of Capitoline Jupiter in Rome. It is noteworthy that the royal ambassadors are mentioned in the inscription: Naiman, son of Naaman and Mahes, son of Mahes. Judging by the results of the study of sacred texts and mythology, the first of them came from Judea, and the second was a native of Egypt. The reason why the Pontic king has sent the embassy was that he intended to inform the Senate and the people of Rome about his contacts with the Hasmoneans as well as with the autochthonous elite in the Ptolemaic state and thereby increase his authority.
Letters from D.M. Strukov’s fund in the Russian State Historical Archive and the dating of Via Dolorosa in Kalach caves, Voronezh Region
Authors: Степкин В.В. , Смирнов И.А. 
Published: September 2022

Калачеевская культовая пещера в г. Калач Воронежской области вырублена в меловом останце. Суммарная протяжённость её ходов составляет 892 м. В ней имеются помещения различного назначения: храмы, часовни, кельи, коридоры и пр. Центральные и северные отрезки пещерных лабиринтов калькируют улицу Виа Долороза в Иерусалиме, символизирующую Крестный путь Иисуса Христа. Письма, обнаруженные в фонде Д.М. Струкова в РГИА, позволяют углубить и уточнить знания о датировке калачеевских лабиринтов. Вместе с тем, противоречивый характер этих сведений не позволяет сделать окончательный вывод о времени возникновения пещеры.
Kalach cult caves are dug out in a chalk butte in the town of Kalach, Voronezh Region. Their total length makes 892 m. The caves contain rooms of different use: temples, chapels, cells, corridors, and more. Central and northern sections of cave labyrinths are known to replicate the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalemrepresenting Christ’s way of the Cross. The letters found in D.M. Strukov’s fund in the Russian State Historical Archive may enhance our insights into Kalach labyrinths dating. Concurrently, because of a contradictory character of the accounts under study, it is inconclusive exactly what the time of Kalach caves construction is.
SWOT Analysis for Waste Management Recommendation of Bojong Village, Bogor Regency
Authors: Ramadhanti Resti , Mardiah Andri 
Published: September 2022

Bogor Regency is a part of the National Central Activity System Jabodetabek Punjur, DKI Jakarta Province sub-urban. In the system, Bogor Regency plays the role of the nations capitals buffer zone as a residential/settlement area and as the upstream area in the watershed system so that water will flow from Bogor Regency to Jabodetabek area. This makes waste management is an important focus to be fixed because residences in Bogor Regency contributes emission at value 19.3 percent from all emission of Bogor Regency, is a largest waste producer in West Jawa, and the waste produced is not comparable with the management service. Because of the background, this research aims to formulate a waste management strategy for urban slum residence in Bogor Regency using SWOT and mapping analysis. The research concluded that Bojong Village needs to improve its disposal system by adding its waste infrastructure to shift villagers habit to burn trash and to pile up on the roadside, and then to cooperate with the centralized waste infrastructure of TPPAS Nambo and IPLT Cileungsi.
Analisis Rasio Solvabilitas (DAR, DER, TIE) Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan pada Sektor Keuangan (PT Adira Dinamika Multi Finance Tbk dan PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk Periode 2016-2020)
Authors: Rustiyana Selviya , Resty Fenisi , Gusteti Yesi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
This study aims to find and analyze the effect of debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio and times interest earned on the financial performance of PT Adira Dinamika Multi Finance Tbk and PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk. This research was conducted through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) at www.idx.co.id. The data source used is secondary data in the form of financial statements for the 2016-2020 period. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis technique, namely data in the form of numbers which include financial statements in the form of balance sheets and income statements that describe real circumstances or events in the company. The results of the study using the debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio and times interest earned shows that the financial condition of PT Adira Dinamika Multi Finance Tbk and PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk during the 2016-2020 period showed an unfavorable condition. This is evidenced by the company's inability to pay off debts to external parties and the analysis results do not meet the general industry average standards.

Keywords: Financial Performance; Solvency Ratio; DAR; DER; TIE
Hubungan Mutu Pelayanan dengan Kepuasan Pelanggan Batik (Studi Kasus di Quina Batik)
Authors: Hartadi Agung , Candra Rini Ika Tirta 
Published: September 2022

This research to see the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction with batik, a case study at Quina Batik. Where the research subjects are customers at Quina Batik with a total of 100 customers. By taking samples through total sampling technique. Data was collected using a Likert scale consisting of two scales, namely the Service Quality scale and the Customer Satisfaction scale. The data analysis method used is Product Moment Analysis. The result is that there is a significant positive relationship between Service Quality and Batik Customer Satisfaction at Quina Batik. Service quality has an effect on customer satisfaction of 71.7%. This means that there are still 28.3% of the influence of other factors on customer satisfaction. From these results, it is hoped that Quina Batik will improve its ability to provide everything that its customers expect or in other words, whether or not the quality of service is good depends on the ability to provide services to consistently meet customer expectations.
Keywords: Service Quality; Customer Satisfaction;Quina Batik.
Penentuan Isoterm dan Kinetika Adsorpsi Ion Besi oleh Sedimen Sebagai Adsorben
Authors: Nurhidayati Isna , Mellisani Bella , Puspita Fitria , Rahmawati Putri Fajar Amelia 
Published: September 2022

Kemampuan adsorpsi ion besi oleh sedimen telah dikaji dalam pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ion besi dan waktu kontak untuk menentukan isoterm dan kinetika adsorpsi. Isoterm adsorpsi didasarkan pada hasil adsorpsi ion besi pada konsentrasi 10 sampai 30 ppm dengan interval 5 ppm. Lebih lanjut, kinetika adsorpsi ditentukan dari variasi waktu kontak yaitu 30 sampai 150 menit dengan interval 30 menit. Semua hasil adsorpsi ion besi oleh sedimen diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi ion besi oleh sedimen mengikuti isoterm BET dengan nilai CBET sebesar 18,6667 L/mg dan korelasi sebesar 0,8577. Model kinetika adsorpsi yang lebih sesuai adalah pseudo orde dua dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9999 dan nilai k2 adalah 84,604 g mg-1 jam-1. Kata kunci: Isoterm Adsorpsi, kinetika, ion besi, sedimen
Cracks Analysis and Control Measures of Mass Concrete
Authors: Zhu Wen , Song Juan , Feng Jianzhou , Cheng AQing , Luo Guobo , Zhang Xun 
Published: September 2022

Based on the cracking causes of a raft foundation in a project, this paper expounds the common types of mass concrete cracks and their causes. The effects of raw materials, admixtures, etc. on temperature cracks of mass concrete are mainly discussed, and the mutual effects need to be considered when using composite admixtures.The prevention measures of mass concrete temperature cracks are expounded from the perspectives of raw material selection, construction organization design, etc.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas) TERHADAP NILAI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KANDUNGAN GIZI BOLU KUKUS
Authors: NISA KHAIRUN , ANSHARULLAH ANSHARULLAH , REJEKI SRI 
Published: September 2022

Purple sweet potatoes are tubers that can be used as an ingredient to replace wheat flour. Its nutritional content is superior to wheat flour. Sweet potato flour as one of the basic ingredients makes steamed sponges. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of purple sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas) on organoleptic test and nutritional content of steamed sponge cake. The design used was a complete randomized design using 5 treatments with a ratio of wheat flour: purple sweet potato flour consisting of P0 (100%: 0%), P1 (95%: 5%), P2 (85%: 15%), P3 (75%: 25%), P4 (65%: 35%). Data analysis used ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued with the DMRT (Duncans Multiple Range Test) test at a 95% confidence level if F count was greater than F table. The results showed that the panelists liked steamed sponge cake in P4 treatment (65% wheat flour: 35% purple sweet potato flour) with a preference score for color 4,17 (Like), aroma 4,03 (Like), texture 4,13 (Like) and taste of 4,13 (Like). The nutritional value of the selected steamed sponge cake products includes water content (35,60%), ash (2,38%), protein (6,60%), fat (1,10%), fiber (3,25%) and carbohydrate content (53,46%).
Peran Kelembagaan Mancuana Popa’Ano dalam Menjaga Kelestarian Hutan Kaombo di Kelurahan Gonda Baru Kecamatan Sorawolio Kota Baubau
Authors: Sahril Sahril , Nalefo La , Wianti Nur Isiyana 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the social system in society in Gonda Baru Village. To find out the institutional role of "Mancuana Popa`Ano" in the management of the kaombo forest in Gonda Baru Village. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative. The research method used is a qualitative analysis method. The data collection process is carried out by means of surveys, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The beginning of the formation of Mancuana Popa`Ano in the Cia-Cia tribe began in the Age of the Sultanate of Buton. Based on the narrative of Mr. Samsudin at the time of the Sultanate of Buton. In carrying out his duties and functions, the role of Mancuna Popa`Ano does not change along with the change in leadership. The role of Mancuana Popa`Ano is to give peace to the indigenous people of Gonda Baru Village, to provide comfort, to help indigenous peoples in solving problems, to protect the Kaombo forest, to maintain the prevailing customs by teaching youth and women to love custom. Kaombo forest is a protected forest to preserve the forest and protect the springs. The role of Mancuana Popa`Ano in preserving the Kaombo forest is to direct the Gonda Baru indigenous people to protect the forest and the community to be given an understanding of the importance of forest preservation, especially the Kaombo forest. The name of the rule in protecting the forest from Mancuana Popa`Ano is Kabori. An illustration of the success of protecting the Kaombo forest by Mancuana Popa`Ano is that until now the Kaombo forest is still preserved and at this time Gonda Baru Village has been named a climate village.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC TO INCREASE PRODUCT SALES
Authors: Hubner Ira B , Juliana Juliana , Saputra Sonny , Djakasaputra Arifin 
Published: September 2022

Salah satu bentuk usaha yang berkembang pesat di industri makanan dan minuman adalah kedai kopi. Namun, sejak munculnya pandemi virus COVID-19 di Indonesia, pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan peraturan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). Aturan ini dibuat untuk mencegah penyebaran virus. Namun kondisi tersebut berdampak pada kegiatan operasional dan penurunan pendapatan kedai kopi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji seberapa besar dampak pandemi covid-19 terhadap penjualan makanan dan minuman, serta untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi promosi pada kedai kopi Maxx Coffee di The Breeze.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus naratif atau deskriptif. Metode ini merupakan penelitian yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu gejala, suatu peristiwa yang terjadi pada saat ini atau suatu masalah yang sebenarnya. Dalam penelitian ini, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara pribadi dengan pelaku operasional usaha dan dokumentasi lapangan. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif analitik berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang ditemukan di lapangan kemudian menjadi hipotesis atau teori. Deskriptif analitik membahas bagaimana penulis merangkum sekumpulan data sehingga pembaca dapat dengan mudah memahami data tersebut.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang cukup signifikan pada perbandingan tingkat penjualan sebelum dan sesudah pandemi covid-19. Strategi promosi baru yang tidak monoton harus dilakukan untuk dapat menumbuhkan kembali minat beli konsumen yang berujung pada peningkatan pendapatan penjualan pada Maxx Coffee The Breeze.