bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edukasi kesehatan tentang penyakit anemia dalam keluarga
Authors: Rohimah Risa Lutfiatul , Wiwin m Neng , Ash shafa Nur , Fitriani Rini , Nuraeni putri Riza 
Published: June 2022

Introduction : Anemia is a disease where there is a lack of that function red blood cells to distribute the body oxygen throughout, but in practice it cannot be fulfilled properly. Lack of energy intake, iron, protein intake, and vitamin C intake are some of the factors that cause anemia. Usually people who have anemia have low physical endurance, difficulty concentrating, and decrease physical activity caused by insufficient blood binding and air or oxygen transport flowing from the lungs to all members of the lungs. Anemia symptoms in general are weak, signs of a hyperdynamic state (strong and rapid pulse, palpitations, and sound disturbance in the ear). Many factors can cause anemia, namely iron deficiency, namely increased needs, iron deficiency, infectional bleeding and other factors. Women are more susceptible to anemia than men because women experience menstruation every month and adult women, especially those who are married, will experience pregnancy, require three times as much red blood cells as usual.
Objective : Counseling was carried out to families that aimed to provide prevention education against anemia.
Method : This education prevention is carried out by the observation method where materials are presented through brochures and power points.
Result : After delivering the material, then a question and answer session and evaluation were to find out how far the family understanding of the material has been delivered.
Conclusion : In accordance with the evaluation results, health promotion activities with anemia prevention counseling counseling group, namely timeliness, participation, and problem solving.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tentang Hipertensi pada Keluarga
Authors: Oktriani Herni , Sukaesih Iis , Dwi Indah , Putri Julia , Naelani Lidia 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is a disease that causes death and is a major risk factor for heart and blood vessel illness for stroke, congestive heart failure, heart attack, and kidney illness. The upgrade of hypertension cases is caused by a deficiency of knowing with the result that person do not understand how to prevent and treat it. Therefore, it is necessary to have health education to increase and increase knowledge about hypertension so that hypertensive patients can change their lifestyles.
Objective: The goal of health education is to upgrade the participant's knowledge about the management and prevention of hypertension.
Method: The method used in this health education is direct health education (offline) and discussion.
Result: The evaluation results show that the activities have been carried out properly following the indicators and results criteria on the observation sheet instrument. The observation sheet is based on five dimensions, namely timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge, job description, and problem-solving. The evaluation sheet is filled out by independent observers.
Conclusion: By the evaluation results, health education activities to increase knowledge have been successful with individuals with indicators of timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge, job descriptions, and problem-solving. In the discussion session, all participants were enthusiastic to ask questions and listen and understand what the presenters answered from what they asked. In the post-implementation evaluation session, participants answered what was asked without hesitation. Observation results showed an increase in participant's knowledge. The pre-implementation evaluation showed that one out of 3 people gave responses to the questions given, could answer the questions correctly, but after the heath education, all three participants gave the correct feedback. This shows a change in the status of knowledge before and before health education is carried out. suggestions for this activity need time management so that counseling can be carried out according to the time specified in the SAP.
Increase in BMI and Negative Muscular Strength Trends in Adolescents in 1990 and 2020: Results from the Regional Observatory of Motor Development in Southern Italy
Authors: Monacis Domenico , Colella Dario 
Published: June 2022

In the last decades, low levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles were associated with the progressive decline in physical fitness in children and adolescents. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess the evolution of muscular strength in adolescents in an Apulia province (Italy), comparing motor performance in 1990 and 2020. The sample consists of 107 adolescents attending secondary school in Lecce in 1990, and 118 attending the same school in 2020 (11–12 years old). After dividing the sample according to gender and BMI, muscular strength was assessed with Standing Long Jump (SLJ) and Medicine Ball Throw 2 kg (MBT). Statistical analysis included ANOVA to highlight significant differences in motor performances in 1990 and 2020 according to gender and BMI, and linear regression to investigate the variance explained by BMI on SLJ and MBT. The results showed (a) lower motor performance in 2020 compared to 1990, (b) the increase in the percentage of overweight-obese from 1990 to 2020, and (c) a negative association between BMI and the SLJ in 2020. Findings suggest the need to assess and monitor physical fitness—as a health status indicator—in adolescents, and promote further opportunities to encourage and expand the time spent in physical activity in Apulia.
A Brief Study of Unconventional Variants of GMAW Welding: Parameters, Weld Bead, and Microstructures
Authors: A.S. Rodrigues Lino , P.G. Ribeiro Pedro , da S. Costa Ednelson , dos S. Cabral Tárcio , de M. Braga Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

The GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) process is an electric arc welding technique widely used around the world due to its ease of use, low equipment cost and, mainly, due to the high deposition rate, the quality of the metal of solder, which makes it versatile and susceptible to modification. Thus, variants such as CW-GMAW (Cold Wire–Gas Metal Arc Welding), DCW-GMAW (Double Cold Wire–Gas Metal Arc Welding), and HW-GMAW (Hot Wire–Gas Metal Arc Welding) emerged from the conception of small adaptations to the original process that ended up generating better and more adjusted results than GMAW. Thus, variations of some parameters will be shown and their respective effects on the weld bead geometry, dilution, penetration, deposition rate, in addition to the effects on macro and microstructure. This provides the possibility of using the variants in different types of applications in the industry in general. Where the application in narrow 4 mm chamfer has already been observed, reduction of residual stresses, increase in fatigue resistance and coatings with special alloys.
Blood Groups: More than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances - Susceptibility to Some Diseases
Authors: Bitty Azachi Williams , Mathias Dakop Kuschak 
Published: June 2022

Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. The objective of this chapter is to review articles that have reported; the association between blood group antigens and susceptibility to some diseases. Findings showed that O blood group had a greater frequency of severe infections such as E coli, cholera and blood group A was associated with incidence of smallpox and some bacterial infections. These are principally based on presence or absence of “H-like” and “A and B-like” antigens markers. Antigens A, B and H are connected to N-glycans of vWF and reduces the half-life of the protein (10 hours) for group O while non-O groups, 25 hours. The loss of A, B, and H antigens as malignancy progresses was linked to potential metastasis. Similarly, some tumors have A or A-like antigens this explains the propensity of group A to develop tumors. Blood type incompatibility between mother and foetus sensitizes the mother to develop alloantibodies that could potentially cause death of the foetus in utero, a condition known hydrops. Reviewed articles have reported close link between blood group antigens and susceptibility diseases. More studies are required to rationalize the mechanism associated to this.
Maize (Zea mays L.) as a Model System for Plant Genetic, Genomic, and Applied Research
Authors: N. Kushanov Fakhriddin , S. Turaev Ozod , A. Muhammadiyev Oybek , F. Umarov Ramziddin , M. Rakhimova Nargiza , N. Mamadaliyeva Noilabonu 
Published: June 2022

Maize leads the world’s cereals after wheat and rice in terms of cultivated area, because of its economic importance for the production of both food purposes and raw materials for industry. The maize genus Zea L. belonging to the family of cereals (Poaceae or Graminaceae) includes six species. However, all cultivated maize belongs specifically to Zea mays L. subsp. mays (2n = 2× = 20) is the only cultivated species of the genus Zea L., and the remaining species of this genus are mostly wild herbaceous plants. In addition to meeting the nutritional needs of the world’s population, Zea mays L. is one of the classic model objects of genetic and physiological research, as well as in the field of breeding not only cereals but also other important agricultural plants. Especially, this model object has been used in genetic mapping of loci of quantitative traits and genes associated with economically valuable traits, such as yield, resistance to diseases and pests, grain quality, etc. in cereal crops.
The Use of Native Flora/Herbal Products in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection: A Global Perspective Study
Authors: Nneka Alaribe Nnadozie Franca , Tankeu Sidonie , Nwaozuzu Daisy 
Published: June 2022

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with 99% cause of cervical cancer with 20.2 million women at risk of having it in South Africa. Vaccine is the major way to prevent HPV infection. However, the vaccination program is not within easy reach for all that need it. Plants are an important source of medicines for African people, some herbal medicines are widely used for many ailments such as malaria, respiratory problems, pains, infection, and inflammation. There is limited information regarding the efficacy of medicinal plant use as there lack human studies, and no proper dosing measures are available. This study evaluated the global perspective of people over using medicinal plant products/plant-derived bio-therapeutics in the management of HPV infection. A survey method (Survey Monkey) distributed through social media was used for 3 months. 117 people participated and data realized from the study indicated their approval and readiness to use medicinal plant products.
Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Current Updates on CABG versus PCI
Authors: Kasturi Sridhar 
Published: June 2022

Most patients of LMCA disease are symptomatic and at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, since occlusion compromises flow, and it is associated with >20% mortality at 1 year. Coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) is the main mode of revascularization procedure for significant left-main coronary artery (LMCA) disease unless contraindicated or unsuitable for surgery, and in patients with complex coronary anatomy. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of left-main (LM) is emerging as an alternative to CABG especially in patients with low syntax score with suitable coronary anatomy for PCI, and life-saving emergency situations like acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with hemodynamically unstable, and high risk group patients who are unsuitable coronary anatomy for grafting or due to associated co-morbidities.
Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel
Authors: Paulo Tschiptschin André , Eduardo Pinedo Carlos 
Published: June 2022

The addition of nitrogen to stainless steel improves mechanical and corrosion properties. Nitrogen-bearing stainless steel (HNSS) is a new corrosion-resistant alloy class exhibiting better tribological properties. High-pressure and powder metallurgy techniques were developed for the fabrication of HNSS. Solid-state routes allow nitrogen introduction through thermochemical, implantation, or plasma surface treatments. High-temperature gas nitriding (HTGN), carried out in an N2 atmosphere in the 1000°C range, allows N uptake, obtaining thick, ~0.5–1.0 wt.% N austenitic cases. HTGN is different from conventional nitriding, performed in the 500°C range, where intense CrxNy precipitation occurs, impairing the corrosion resistance. Low-temperature plasma nitriding (LTPN) introduces more N in solution, and colossal supersaturated expanded phases (~45 at.%N) are formed. N supersaturation and compressive stresses increase the hardness of the surface layer to 10–14 GPa. Ferritic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardened stainless steels can be surface-treated by LTPN, obtaining expanded ferrite and martensite. However, single LTPN stainless steel may prematurely fail when submitted to high loading, as the thin and hard expanded layers collapse due to lack of load-bearing capacity. Duplex-nitriding treatment (HTGN + LTPN) results in a thick nitrogen-rich hardened austenite substrate layer, granting mechanical support and adhesion to the expanded austenite layer.
Exosomes Therapy in Zoonoses
Authors: Ojeda Fernando , Barreto Gabriela , J. Posadas Sinforiano 
Published: June 2022

Exosomes are smaller extracellular vesicles (EVs) involved in complex intercellular communication, which were first discovered in sheep reticulocytes. Exosomes include two subpopulations, large (Exo-L, 90–120 nm) and small (Exo-S, 60–80 nm) exosome vesicles. Recently studies of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated that exosomes release regulatory factors from infected cells and deliver other functional host genetic elements to neighbouring cells, and these functions are involved in the infection process and modulate the cellular responses. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and some of the most striking functions of exosome secretion in zoonoses and identifies physiological/pathological areas in need of further research as well as potential therapeutic agents in zoonotic disease.
Fluoride Geochemistry and Health Hazards: A Case Study
Authors: Rao Gudipudi Babu 
Published: June 2022

This chapter was aimed to identify the relationship between fluoride (F) enrichment and prevalence of endemic fluorosis in a rural area of Nuzendla mandal in Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The concentration of F varies from 0.5 to 12.4 mg/L in pre-monsoon groundwater and 0.14 to 16.0 mg/L in post-monsoon groundwater in the collected and analyzed fifty water samples. Dental survey conducted in the study area based on Dean Classification Index indicated different degrees of dental fluorosis due to the varying concentrations of F in drinking water. The significant positive correlation is identified between the F content of groundwater and urine fluorosis-affected children. The F level in urine suggests that a high level of endemic fluorosis is prevalent in the Nuzendla mandal due to the consequence of a higher concentration of F in underground aquifers. This study concludes that the high concentration of F in groundwater leads to increased dental deformities among the surveyed people and also urinary F is a good indicator of community exposure F.
Multiple and Single Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Absolute Quantitation of Proteins
Authors: Yu Joshua , Veenstra Timothy 
Published: June 2022

The use of mass spectrometry (MS) to measure proteins has grown exponentially over the past 25 years. This growth has been primarily driven by the advent of proteomics in which scientists have developed methods to identify and quantitate as many proteins in a complex mixture as possible. Early studies trended towards the development of techniques that enabled greater quantitative coverage of the proteome. Many of these developments focused on relative quantitation in which the change in the abundances of proteins in comparative samples was measured. However, relative quantitation only allows a limited number of samples to be compared. This deficiency led to the development of technologies that allowed the relative quantitation of an unlimited number of samples to be measured, but what was still lacking was an emphasis on the ability of MS to measure the absolute abundance of proteins. A more recent technology trend has taken full advantage of the analytical attributes afforded in the use of MS for protein measurements. This trend utilizes the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexed capabilities of MS to quantity specific proteins within complex mixtures. Combined with the use of stable isotope-labeled internal standards, MS assays are now being developed to quantitate key diagnostic and prognostic proteins within clinical samples such as serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. This chapter describes the technology behind the development of MS-based clinical protein assays and provides examples of where these assays are being used in diagnostic and prognostic settings.
Travails of Mentally Challenged Relatives Coping with Care in Thulamela Municipality
Authors: Matambela Konanani Constance , Tshifhumulo Rendani 
Published: June 2022

Background: Forensic psychiatric hospital usually deal with the problem of rejection of mentally ill patient by their families. Families report finding the burden of caring for their mentally Ill relatives who are also capable of committing crimes such as rape, murder and arson unbearable. They have to account for their crimes in the communities and often experience stigma. The family feels judged by both the society and health care professionals when they are unable to cope with the caregiving role. A lot of research on mental illness emphasises more on experiences of mental health care users and the caregiver of these mentally ill family members.
Aim: The study seeks to narrate the toils of mentally ill relatives caring for the sick.
Setting: The study was conducted in 2018 with caregivers of mentally ill patients in Thulamela municipality within the Vhembe district in Limpopo province.
Method: The study was qualitative in nature and an explorative and descriptive study design was used. Five families with relatives being rehabilitated at Hayani psychiatric hospital were chosen using convenience sampling. A focus group was used to collect data from the five families. Data was analysed thematically following the six stages of thematic data analysis.
Results: The study found that caregivers experience emotional, physical, financial, and social strains from caring for their mentally ill relative. They attempt to cope by seeking spiritual guidance and family support.
Conclusion: The forensic mental health system should device special programs that focus on coordinating, capacitating health practitioners and monitoring family care givers support services. Future study that focuses on assessing why health care practitioners are not willing to offer support services to our family care givers should be conducted.
Mammalian responses to fire on Newnes Plateau: A yardstick for future recovery
Authors: Lothian Andrew J. , Denny Martin J. , Tong Nicholas W. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A major fire swept through Newnes Plateau near Lithgow in 2013, burning 50,000 hectares of bushland. Long-term monitoring programs were already established, with half the sites impacted by the fire. It was then possible to record changes in fauna populations in response to the fire. Detailed surveys for a range of mammalian fauna were undertaken twice a year from 2011 to 2019. The results from the comprehensive surveys showed that even with high intensity fire over a large portion of the landscape, habitat recovery is relatively quick. Significant Before-After Control-Impact differences were observed for five microhabitat metrics. Ground cover components (forb and fern) returned to pre-fire levels quickly (within 0.5 years). Mid storey components returned to pre-fire levels within 6.0 years of the fire.
Small mammal responses are species specific, but again, most return to pre-fire (or at least Control site) levels within 6.0 years. Antechinus mimetes mimetes is one exception, disappearing from Impact sites within 2.0 years of the 2013 fire. Recovery of both Rattus species was faster than Antechinus, and coincided with return of low shrub cover to unburnt site levels. Recovery to control site levels was often faster than to pre-fire levels. The arboreal mammal Petauroides volans increased (non-significantly) post-fire in Control sites, contrasting with declines seen in the species at lower elevations.
Total native, non-volant mammal abundance at each site declined with fire (more so at burnt sites), yet species richness remained the same. Simpson’s Diversity Index increased post-fire in burnt sites. These three factors combine to suggest that all species in the community assemblage remain present after fire, albeit at lower levels than prior to the fire.
Broad-scale, long term fauna monitoring has allowed us to analyse mammal and habitat responses to fire, though there are limitations placed on interpretations. Habitat Complexity Score is too coarse a metric to tease out differences in overall or lower habitat categories. Presence/absence data also limit our ability to fully describe site occupation for larger/introduced mammal species. The design of our analyses, however, provide a robust framework for analysing fauna responses to fire, and can be used to predict expected recovery trajectories for mammal populations after the larger, more recent Gospers Mountain fire in 2019.
Barriers of Local Organizations for Providing Free Food Support in the Priority Neighborhood, Toronto: What We Need Further
Authors: Islam Qazi Shafayetul , Akter Nasima 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The provincial and federal governments provided emergency funding to local community organizations for free food support to people affected by COVID-19. The study's goals were to explore the barriers of the people and the organizations while receiving and providing free food support and what further was needed to give the people food support in the priority neighborhood.
Methods: Nine representatives of the local community organizations and 15 volunteers participated in the community conversation or the extensive group discussion. They shared their experiences about barriers and what we further needed to provide food support for the priority neighborhood like Taylor Massey. Two note-takers obtained data from the community conversation. This is a qualitative study. It used a thematic approach to analyze the data and interpretation.
Results: Information lacking about free food, language barriers, the social stigma associated with free food support, and fear of COVID-19 were the barriers of community people to receiving food support. On the other hand, the community organizations lacked information about who needed real food support, lacked enough transportation support to distribute the food, enough empty spaces to store food, and enough numbers of committed and trained volunteers to help with the food distribution. Also, the community organizations had limited funding to meet people's food needs. The local community organizations needed an assessment to understand the available resources so that local organizations could use the resources for an effective food program. Furthermore, the organizations required coordination and extended food funding to affected families. In addition, the local organizations needed to work with community gardens, community kitchens, and food banks to support and meet the community's demands.
Conclusion: People and local organizations had information and communication, social, structural and systemic, and financial barriers while receiving and providing food in the priority neighborhood. The study indicated what were needed to make the food support program effective.