bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and occurrence of airborne Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae, causal agent of carrot bacterial blight, in carrot seed production systems
Authors: Scott Jeness , Dung Jeremiah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bacterial blight of carrot, caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc), is an important seedborne disease of carrot. Previous research demonstrated that airborne Xhc could be detected up to 1.6 km downwind of carrot seed fields being harvested, but more information is needed to identify dispersal periods of the pathogen during other stages of carrot seed production. The objectives of this research were to: 1) quantify and characterize temporal dynamics of airborne Xhc during carrot seed production; and 2) identify weather factors that contribute to airborne Xhc levels in carrot seed fields. During the 2018–2019 season, air samples were collected on a total of 273 and 289 days in two fields and Xhc was detected on 223 (81.7%) and 245 (84.8%) of sampling days. On average, 2.6 x 103 and 7.0 x 103 Xhc/day were detected. Principle component analysis identified three components associated with airborne Xhc levels. Temperature variables (daily mean, maximum, and minimum air and soil temperatures) accounted for 53.2% of the total variance. The second component was associated with wind (wind speed, direction, and run) and 19.1% of the total variance. Factors related to moisture (daily precipitation, relative humidity, and dew point) were associated with the third component and accounted for 13.0% of the total variance. Together, these data can be used to build predictive models to inform growers of inoculum risk and improve control through better-timed bactericide applications, modified cultural practices, and increased knowledge of bacterial blight epidemiology in carrot seed crops.
Lenvatinib plus toripalimab with local-regional therapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yunchao , Yang Xu , Wang Yanyu , Zuo Bangyou , Yang Xiaobo , Long Junyu , Xue Jingnan , Lu Zhenhui , Zhou Jinxue , Xun Ziyu , Zhang Nan , Zhou Kang , Sang Xinting , Zhao Haitao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies with local-regional therapy which was called stereotactic therapy have demonstrated potent antitumor activity in solid tumors. However, the efficacy and safety of stereotactic therapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains unclear.Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients with advanced BTC who received a combination of Lenvatinib plus toripalimab or Lenvatinib plus toripalimab with local-regional therapy (stereotactic therapy). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Lenvatinib plus toripalimab and stereotactic therapy in advanced BTC patients. Tumor tissues were collected to retrospectively evaluate the expression status of PDL1.Results: This study included 55 patients: 24 in Lenvatinib plus toripalimab therapy; 31 in stereotactic therapy. All patients had undergone at least 1 line of antitumor treatment. The stereotactic therapy group showed longer median progression-free survival (mPFS) (9.6 versus 4.6 months, p=0.035), longer overall survival (mOS) (13.7 versus 9.2 months, p=0.023) than the Lenvatinib plus toripalimab group. The ORR was 35.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 17.6-53.3] with stereotactic therapy versus 25% (95% CI: 6.3-43.7) with toripalimab plus Lenvatinib. Four patients received surgery after the Lenvatinib plus toripalimab therapy or after stereotactic therapy. All patients experienced any-grade adverse events (AEs) without grade 5 AEs. PDL1 expression was associated with improved clinical benefits.Conclusions: Stereotactic therapy had acceptable toxic effects and might improve survival compared with Lenvatinib plus toripalimab for advanced BTC.
Persisting cognitive impairment predicts functional dependence at 1 year after stroke and transient ischemic attack: a longitudinal, cohort study
Authors: Liao Xiaoling , Zuo Lijun , Pan Yuesong , Xiang Xianglong , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Shi Jiong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) usually have mild and nondisabling symptoms, and these physical deficits may recover to some extent, however, part of they still suffer from cognitive impairment and poor outcomes. We conducted a study to determine the relationship between cognition and poor outcomes. Methods: The data of this study come from the impairment of cognition and Sleep after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in Chinese patients study (ICONS). A total of 1675 minor stroke patients and TIA patients were recruited. Patients were followed for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale at 2-week (2w), 3 months (3m) and 1 year(1y). Cognitive impairment(CI) was defined as MoCA score≦22. According to MoCA score, patients were divided into 4 groups : no PSCI group: with MoCA-2w＞22 and MoCA-3m＞22; improved PSCI group: with MoCA-2w≦22 and MoCA-3m＞22;delayed PSCI group: MoCA-2w＞22 and MoCA-3m≦22; persisting PSCI group: with MoCA-2w≦22 and MoCA-3m≦22. Results: There were 818 patients (48.84%) have PSCI at baseline. And there were 123 patients (15%) have stroke disability defined by mRS ≥2 at 3 months in CI group. The persisting PSCI group was a significant predictor of functional dependence at 3 months and 1 year after stroke and when adjusted for covariates such as gender, age, history of stroke, depression and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, stroke subtype and acute infarction type. Conclusion: Persisting PSCI increased risks of poor functional outcome after 3 months and 1 year follow-up. These high-risk individuals should be identified for targeted rehabilitation and counseling to improve longer-term post-stroke outcome.
Thermal decomposition mechanisms of energetic CL-20-based co-crystals: quantum molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tang Li , Zhu Weihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The decomposition mechanisms of energetic CL-20 : 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane (DNP) and CL-20 : 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazaheptane (DNG) co-crystals at high temperatures (1000, 2000 and 3000 K) were studied by density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics (DFTB-MD) simulation. At different temperatures, their decomposition mechanisms are very different. At 1000 K, CL-20:DNG co-crystal undergoes a conformational change from β-CL-20 to γ-CL-20, but CL-20:DNP co-crystal does not occur. When the temperature is increased to 2000 K, CL-20, DNP, and DNG begin to decompose, and there are five paths for the main initial mechanisms. At 3000 K, the increasing temperature will promote decomposition and the decomposition will be more completely. The initial reaction of CL-20 in two co-crystals has two channels. There are two initial decomposition channels in DNP molecule and only one channel in DNG molecule. With the temperature increases, the decomposition products of two co-crystals are different. Our work contribute to the in-depth understanding of the decomposition mechanisms of high-energy CL-20-based co-crystals at high temperatures.
Physiological responses and antioxidant properties of coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum L.) under different light intensities of red and blue lights
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hung , Lin Kuan-Hung , Yang Meei-Ju , Nguyen Hoang Chinh , Wang Huei-Ju , Huang Han-Xuang , Huang Meng-Yuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) contains abundant of antioxidants and essential oils that can provide antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-oxidative activities in the pharmaceutical and health food production industry for providing health benefits. To improve the economic values of coriander, the relationships between optimal light treatments for maximizing both plant growth and the antioxidant and essential oil content of coriander leaves need to be determined.Results: Plants were exposed to five light-emitting diodes spectral color mixtures, high blue light intensity induced the levels of reducing power and chelating effect responses. The light treatments were then adjusted for the analysis of secondary metabolite compounds of coriander leaves. Among 30 identified compounds, the amounts of decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane and dodecane were significantly reduced in the R80+G50+B50 condition, whereas dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane level was significantly reduced in R50+G50+B80 condition. Conclusion: Our results provide a strategy to increase the economic efficiency of the coriander metabolites production that can be maximized by precise management of light treatment in controlled environments.
Learning to Focus on Boundary Information forMedical Image Segmentation
Authors: Khaled Afifa , Han Jian-Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Boundary detection is a challenging problem in medical image segmentation. Clear boundaries yield a good segmentation result. In this paper, firstly, we design a boundary segmentation network for the detection and segmentation of brain tissues. Secondly, to help distinguishing between the boundaries for the three different brain tissues, we design the boundary information module (BIM ). Then, we added a boundary attention gate (BAG) to each end layer of the encoder to capture more local details. Extensive experiments verified the high performance of our proposed model for the detection and segmentation of brain tissues.
Measures to Address the Stalled Development of Health Law Education in Chinese Universities
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHealth law education, an important part of global health education, is beneficial for both medical schools and law schools. This field can help lawyers and policy makers to develop their careers and equip traditional health professionals, such as doctors and nurses, with a basic knowledge of health law. However, unlike in American and European universities, health law education in China is still at its infant stage and, as such, lacks a systematic pedagogical approach among institutions of higher education in China. Main BodyConsidering the advancements in the field of health law education, this study systematically reviews the status of health law education in institutions of higher learning in China and suggests ways to make the pedagogical approach more consistent. This systematic review revealed that, between 2012 and 2021, major law schools and medical schools that have developed the subject of health law education in China lack consensus on the aim, scope, mode, and methods of health law education. The first problem is that Chinese universities are unable to agree on how to classify the subject of health law. Another set of problems relate to institutions themselves. Not only do universities not have enough qualified health faculty, but they also rely on outdated curricula and uninspiring teaching materials. This leads to ineffective, generic pedagogical approaches in medical schools and law schools. These problems leave future lawyers, future doctors and nurses unclear about their choices for health law study at the graduate level and their ultimate career development. Short ConclusionWe therefore propose four preliminary solutions to continue to develop this new interdisciplinary subject—health law education—in Chinese universities: clearly classify the subject of health law, equip the health law field with more professional textbooks, enact joint degree programs between medical schools and law schools; and establish a health law research center in either law schools or medical schools.
Clinical characteristics and follow-up of cases of Streptococcus suis Meningitis in patients of Liuzhou, China
Authors: Qin Lu , Deng Shan , Weng Baohui , Yang Hong , Zhou Kejian , Pan Liyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To describe the detailed clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Streptococcus suis (S. suis) meningitis in Liuzhou, China.We described the chief clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination results, treatment strategies,treatment efficacy, and follow-up results of 17 consecutive patients with S. suis meningitis, to improve the diagnosis and reduce the misdiagnosis of S. suis meningitis. The study included 17 patients of S. suis meningitis. The most common clinical presentations were fever (88.2%), sensorineural hearing loss (76.47%), headache (64.70%) , and altered mental status (47.06%). 64.71% had residual symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss at discharge, and moderate disabilities occurred in 68.75% of patients in the form of sensorineural deafness (11 patients) and hemiparesis (1 patients). Metagenomic analysis using next generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were S.suis in 9 patients. After 6-month follow-up, the average modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score at follow-up was significantly better than that at admission (P < 0.05). The clinical characteristics of S. suis meningitis were fever, headache, altered mental status and sensorineural hearing loss. Early antibiotic drugs are crucial for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Clinicians should improve the diagnosis and treatment of S. suis meningitis and prevent misdiagnosis or non-diagnosis. Early CSF culture or metagenomic analysis is effective, and most of the patients in our study had favorable outcomes.
Applying the Deltoid Tuberosity Index (DTI) to assess the risk of screw cut-out. A retrospective analysis of 306 proximal humerus fractures treated with PHILOS Plate.
Authors: Silva Tomas Da , Ehrhard David-Benjamin , Chuchuy Theo Manuel , Knop Christian , Merkle Tobias 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background. Reconstruction of the proximal humerus with a locking plate is often the first approach for proximal humerus fractures. Screw cut-out is the most common complication and is especially relevant in osteoporotic bone of the elderly population. The Deltoid Tuberosity Index (DTI) has recently been proposed as an indirect measure to assess osteopenia and failure rate before surgery, which may provide important information for surgical planning. Though simple and assessable, the DTI lacks scientific evidence to back its broad clinical usage. This study gives the first independent, large-sample retrospective analysis of the correlation between the local bone density, indirectly measured through the DTI, and screw cut-out.Methods. 306 cases of proximal humerus fractures treated with PHILOS plate were retrospectively analyzed. The DTI was measured in AP x-rays. The primary endpoint was screw cut-out defined as the intra-articular position of at least one screw associated to a reduction loss after surgery.Results. The mean clinical follow up was 467 days. The DTI varied from 1.10 to 2.28 (average: 1.42). Screw cut-out occurred on average in 8% of the cases and did correlate positively with a DTI ≤ 1.44 (p = 0.003). However, the rate of cut-out and correlation to DTI varied widely according to age group: within the age of 65-80 years a DTI ≤ 1.44 increased the cut-out rate from 0% to 17% (p = 0.02); on the other hand, in younger ages (< 65 years) the DTI did not correlate to cut-out and in the oldest group (> 80 years) cut-out rates were high (17-20%) independently of the DTI. Age and medial hinge displacement also correlated to cut-out. This was not the case for gender, fracture pattern and quality of surgical reduction.Conclusions. We confirm the correlation between a DTI ≤ 1.44 and screw cut-out. This correlation alone however may be too simplistic and not relevant in all age spectrum. High risk groups for screw cut-out are patients older than 65 years with a DTI ≤ 1.44 or any patient older than 80 years. Applying the DTI in the age group of 65 to 80 years offers relevant information for surgical planning in the trauma setting through a tool that is fast, cheap, and easy to perform. Level of Evidence: Level 3, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Developing Guiding Principles for technology-based rehabilitation program by engaging people with tetraplegia
Authors: Bell Alison , Grampurohit Namrata , Kains Gabrielle , Marino Ralph J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Technology-aided rehabilitation is well established in the field of neurologic rehabilitation. Despite the widespread availability, the development of technology-based interventions that incorporate perspectives of the people who will use them is lacking. Objectives: The purpose of the qualitative study is to understand how people with spinal cord injury view rehabilitation technology to inform future intervention development. Methods: Seven participants with chronic upper extremity impairment due to spinal cord injury/dysfunction trialed five rehabilitation technology devices. After 30-45 minutes of equipment use participants engaged in a semi-structured interview. Interviews were analyzed using a qualitative approach to explore the experience using rehabilitation technology and understand features that support future use. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed three major themes: 1) Devices must be flexible to meet diverse needs; 2) Intervention protocols must be individualized to address unique needs and contexts of users; 3) Intervention protocols should be developed and updated by a skilled clinician. These themes and subthemes were used to describe guiding principles to inform future intervention designConclusion: The experiences of people with spinal cord injury can be elicited throughout the intervention design process and guiding principles for protocol design can be developed systematically. The findings can inform future development of technology-aided rehabilitation in people with tetraplegia. Clinical trials registration number: NCT04000256
Correlation of elemental hyperaccumulation among the succulent and non- succulent halophytes of Gujarat, India
Authors: Vyas Suhas , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy , Gadhvi Kamlesh , Gamit Sandip , Dangar Kiran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents new data on the salt tolerance and avoidance mechanisms among various groups of halophytes in India. The halophytic flora in general has positive effect of high saline environments on growth and physiology. The coastal area of the Kachchh district in Gujarat include about 350 km along the Gulf of Kachchh. This study presents data on the element accumulation mechanisms in soil and halophytic flora (succulent and non-succulent). The halophytes were divided into two groups namely succulent with thick and fleshy leaves and stems and non-succulent with thin leaves and stem. The succulent halophytes included species such as Salicornia brachiata, Suaeda fruticosa and Suaeda nudiflora. The non-succulent halophytes include Aeluropus lagopoides and Urochondra setulosa. Plant parts namely leaves or (Phylloclade), stems and roots were analyzed monsoon season. The results of soil and plants mineral ion content differed widely across the intertidal zones in the same habitat. Likewise, the intra species have varied in all nutrient levels and salt concentration. The accumulation of element concentration was high during the monsoon season in the succulent Salicornia brachiata, especially in leaves that showed Na+ reaching high up to 7.6 meq.g− 1, whereas Cl− was noted to be 4.34 meq.g− 1. In the non-succulent halophytes, the accumulation of mineral ion concentration was lower when compared to succulent plants.
A Fast Image Encryption based on Linear Feedback Shift Register and Deoxyribonucleic acid
Authors: Ghanbari Hasan , Enayatifar Rasul , Motameni Homayun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently with the proliferating rates of digital data and the need of sending data through the internet, protection of the contents is crucial. This article proposes a quick method based on a combination of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Tinkerbell chaotic function. This method not only has high protection but also provides high encryption speed. First, a bit shift method is implemented in permutation phase. Shift numbers are determined by LSFR in each step. Then in each step of the permutation phase, specific numbers of pixels are delivered for final encryption in diffusion phase. In this phase, DNA as well as Tinkerbell index converts gray level of image pixels. The results show high security, incredible speed and good resistance against prevailing attacks.
Multi-agent evolutionary game in the recycling utilization of sulfate-rich wastewater
Authors: Ding Meng , Zeng Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Current industrial development has led to an increase in sulfate-rich industrial sewage, threatening industrial ecology and the environment. Incorrectly treating high-concentration sulfate wastewater can cause serious environmental problems and even harm human health. Water with high sulfate levels can be treated as a resource and treated harmlessly to meet the needs of the circular economy. Today, governments worldwide are working hard to encourage the safe disposal and reuse of industrial salt-rich wastewater by recycling sulfate-rich wastewater (SRW) resources. However, the conflict of interests between the SRW production department, the SRW recycling department, and the government often make it challenging to effectively manage sulfate-rich wastewater resources. This study aims to use the mechanism of evolutionary game theory (EGT) to conduct theoretical modelling and simulation analysis on the interaction of the behaviour of the above three participants. The results suggest that the government should play a leading role in developing the SRW resource recovery industry. SRW producers protect the environment in the mature stage, and recyclers actively collect and recover compliant sulfate wastewater resources. Governments should gradually deregulate and eventually withdraw from the market.
Reduced sensitivity of commercial Spike-specific antibody assays after primary infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Springer David Niklas , Perkmann Thomas , Jani Claudia , Mucher Patrick , Prüger Katja , Marculescu Rodrig , Reuberger Elisabeth , Camp Jeremy Vann , Graninger Marianne , Borsodi Christian , Deutsch Josef , Lammel Oliver , Aberle Stephan Walter , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Haslacher Helmuth , Höltl Eva , Aberle Judith Helene , Stiasny Karin , Weseslindtner Lukas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is characterized by substantial changes in the antigenic structure of the Spike (S) protein. Therefore, we analyzed whether these changes impact the sensitivity of commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Sera from 37 convalescent individuals after primary Omicron infection were tested with 20 commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. As controls, we used samples from 43 individuals after primary infection with an ancestral wildtype strain. Notably, in Omicron convalescents, there was a statistically significant reduction in the sensitivity of all antibody assays containing S or its receptor-binding-domain (RBD) as antigens. Furthermore, antibody levels quantified by these assays displayed a weaker correlation with Omicron-specific neutralizing antibody titers than with those against the wildtype. In contrast, the sensitivity of nucleocapsid-protein-specific immunoassays was similar in wildtype and Omicron-infected subjects. In summary, the antigenic changes in the Omicron S lead to reduced detection rates in commercial S- and RBD-specific antibody assays, impairing their diagnostic performance.