bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of macrophage subtypes on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model
Authors: Lian Qizhou , Zhang Kui , Zhang Zhao , Duan Fuyu , Guo Liyan , Luo Weiren , Mok Bobo Wing-Yee , Thakur Abhimanyu , Ke Xiaoshan , Motallebnejad Pedram , Nicolaescu Vlad , Chen Jonathan , Ma Chui Yan , Zhou Xiaoya , Han Shuo , Han Teng , Zhang Wei , Tan Adrian Y. , Zhang Tuo , Wang Xing , Xu Dong , Xiang Jenny , Xu Aimin , Liao Can , Huang Fang-Ping , Chen Ya-Wen , Na Jie , Randall Glenn , Tse Hung-fat , Chen Zhiwei , Chen Yin , Chen Huanhuan Joyce 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), with macrophages as one of the main cell types involved. It is urgent to understand the interactions among permissive cells, macrophages, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), modeling the host-pathogen interaction in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that both classically polarized macrophages (M1) and alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) have inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, M1 and non-activated (M0) macrophages, but not M2 macrophages, significantly up-regulate inflammatory factors upon viral infection. Moreover, M1 macrophages suppress the growth and enhance apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibition of viral entry using an ACE2 blocking antibody substantially enhances the activity of M2 macrophages. Our studies indicate differential immune response patterns in distinct macrophage phenotypes, which could lead to a range of COVID-19 disease severity.
Intestinal fibroblastic reticular cell niches control innate lymphoid cell homeostasis and function
Authors: Cheng Hung-Wei , Mörbe Urs , Lütge Mechthild , Engetschwiler Céline , Onder Lucas , Novkovic Mario , Gil-Cruz Cristina , Perez-Shibayama Christian , Hehlgans Thomas , Scandella Elke , Ludewig Burkhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) govern immune cell homeostasis in the intestine and protect the host against microbial pathogens. Various cell-intrinsic pathways have been identified that determine ILC development and differentiation. However, the cellular components that regulate ILC sustenance and function in the intestinal lamina propria are less known. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis of lamina propria fibroblasts, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that underpin cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). Genetic ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor expression inCcl19-expressing FRCs blocks the maturation of CPs into mature ILFs. Interactome analysis shows the major niche factors and processes underlying FRC-ILC crosstalk. In vivo validation confirms that a sustained lymphotoxin-driven feedforward loop of FRC activation including IL-7 generation is critical for the maintenance of functional ILC populations. In sum, our study indicates critical fibroblastic niches within the intestinal lamina propria that control ILC homeostasis and functionality and thereby secure protective gut immunity.
Defects engineering simultaneously enhances activity and recyclability of MOFs in selective hydrogenation of biomass
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Zhang Yuwei , Wang Junjun , Xu Yixiu , Bian Li , Ju Qiang , Wang Yuemin , Fang Zhenlan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of synthetic methodologies towards enhanced performance in biomass conversion is desirable due to the growing energy demand. Here we design two types of Ru impregnated MIL-100-Cr defect engineered metal-organic frameworks (Ru@DEMOFs) by incorporating defective ligands (DLs), aiming at highly efficient catalysts for biomass hydrogenation. Our results show that Ru@DEMOFs simultaneously exhibit boosted recyclability, selectivity and activity with the turnover frequency being about 10 times higher than the reported values of polymer supported Ru towards D-glucose hydrogenation. This work provides in-depth insights into (i) the evolution of various defects in the cationic framework upon DLs incorporation and Ru impregnation, (ii) the special effect of each type of defects on the electron density of Ru nanoparticles and activation of reactants, and (iii) the respective role of defects, confined Ru particles and metal single active sites in the catalytic performance of Ru@DEMOFs for D-glucose selective hydrogenation as well as their synergistic catalytic mechanism.
DENR controls JAK2 translation to induce PD-L1 expression for tumor immune evasion
Authors: Chen Baiwen , Hu Jiajia , Hu Xianting , Chen Huifang , Bao Rujuan , Zhou Yatao , Ye Youqiong , Zhan Meixiao , Cai Wei , Li Huabin , Li Hua-Bing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can recognize thousands of RNAs that help to maintain cell homeostasis, and RBP dysfunction is frequently observed in various cancers. However, whether specific RBPs are involved in tumor immune evasion by regulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is unclear. Here, we perform targeted RBP CRISPR/Cas9 screening and identify density regulated re-initiation and release factor (DENR) as a PD-L1 regulator. DENR-depleted cancer cells exhibit reduced PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo. DENR depletion significantly suppresses tumor growth and enhances the tumor-killing activity of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, DENR antagonizes the translational repression of three consecutive upstream open reading frames (uORFs) upstream of Janus kinase 2 (Jak2); thus, DENR deficiency impairs JAK2 translation and the IFNγ-JAK-STAT signaling pathway, resulting in reduced PD-L1 expression in tumors. Overall, we discover an RBP DENR that could regulate PD-L1 expression for tumor immune evasion, and highlight the potential of DENR as a therapeutic target for immunotherapy.
Honeybee gut Lactobacillus modulates host learning and memory behaviors via regulating tryptophan metabolism
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Mu Xiaohuan , Cao Qina , Shi Yao , Hu Xiaosong , Zheng Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHoneybees are highly social insects with a rich behavioral repertoire and are a versatile model for neurobiological research. Their gut microbiota comprises a limited number of host-restricted bacterial phylotypes that are important for honeybee health. However, it remains unclear how specific gut members affect honeybee behaviors. Here, we find that antibiotic exposure disturbs the gut community and influences honeybee phenotypes under field conditions. Using laboratory-generated gnotobiotic bees, we show that a normal gut microbiota is required for olfactory learning and memory abilities. Brain transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct brain gene expression patterns between microbiota-free and conventional bees. Subsequent metabolomic analyses of both hemolymph and gut samples show that the microbiota mainly regulates tryptophan metabolism. Our results indicate that host-specific Lactobacillus strains promote memory behavior by transforming tryptophan to indole derivatives that activate the host aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Our findings highlight the contributions of specific gut members to honeybee neurological processes, thus providing a promising model to understand host-microbe interactions.
Local structure-function relationships in human brain networks across the lifespan
Authors: Zamani Esfahlani Farnaz , Faskowitz Joshua , Slack Jonah , Mišić Bratislav , Betzel Richard F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA growing number of studies have used stylized network models of communication to predict brain function from structure. Most have focused on a small set of models applied globally. Here, we compare a large number of models at both global and regional levels. We find that globally most predictors perform poorly. At the regional level, performance improves but heterogeneously, both in terms of variance explained and the optimal model. Next, we expose synergies among predictors by using pairs to jointly predict FC. Finally, we assess age-related differences in global and regional coupling across the human lifespan. We find global decreases in the magnitude of structure-function coupling with age. We find that these decreases are driven by reduced coupling in sensorimotor regions, while higher-order cognitive systems preserve local coupling with age. Our results describe patterns of structure-function coupling across the cortex and how this may change with age.
Two octave supercontinuum generation in a non-silica graded-index multimode fiber
Authors: Eslami Zahra , Salmela Lauri , Filipkowski Adam , Pysz Dariusz , Klimczak Mariusz , Buczynski Ryszard , Dudley John M. , Genty Goëry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe generation of a two-octave supercontinuum from the visible to mid-infrared (700–2800 nm) in a non-silica graded-index multimode fiber is reported. The fiber design is based on a nanostructured core comprised of two types of drawn lead-bismuth-gallate glass rods with different refractive indices. This yields an effective parabolic index profile and ten times increased nonlinearity when compared to silica fibers. Using femtosecond pulse pumping at wavelengths in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes, a detailed study is carried out into the supercontinuum generating mechanisms and instabilities seeded by periodic self-imaging. Significantly, suitable injection conditions in the high power regime are found to result in the output beam profile showing clear signatures of beam self-cleaning from nonlinear mode mixing. Experimental observations are interpreted using spatio-temporal 3+1D numerical simulations of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and simulated spectra are in excellent agreement with experiment over the full two-octave spectral bandwidth. Experimental comparison with the generation of supercontinuum in a silica graded-index multimode fiber shows that the enhanced nonlinear refractive index of the lead-bismuth-gallate fiber yields a spectrum with a significantly larger bandwidth. These results demonstrate a new pathway towards the generation of bright, ultrabroadband light sources in the mid-infrared.
Q-dependent collective relaxation dynamics of glass-forming liquid Ca0.4K0.6(NO3)1.4 investigated by wide-angle neutron spin-echo
Authors: Luo Peng , Zhai Yanqin , Falus Peter , García Sakai Victoria , Hartl Monika , Kofu Maiko , Nakajima Kenji , Faraone Antonio , Z Y 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe relaxation behavior of glass formers exhibits spatial heterogeneity and dramatically changes upon cooling towards the glass transition. However, the underlying mechanisms of the dynamics at different microscopic length scales are not fully understood. Employing the recently developed wide-angle neutron spin-echo spectroscopy technique, we measured the Q-dependent coherent intermediate scattering function of a prototypical ionic glass former Ca0.4K0.6(NO3)1.4, in the highly viscous liquid state. In contrast to the structure modulated dynamics for Q < 2.4 Å−1, i.e., at and below the structure factor main peak, for Q > 2.4 Å−1, beyond the first minimum above the structure factor main peak, the stretching exponent exhibits no temperature dependence and concomitantly the relaxation time shows smaller deviations from Arrhenius behavior. This finding indicates a change in the dominant relaxation mechanisms around a characteristic length of 2π/(2.4 Å−1) ≈ 2.6 Å, below which the relaxation process exhibits a temperature independent distribution and more Arrhenius-like behavior.
An evolutionarily conserved stop codon enrichment at the 5′ ends of mammalian piRNAs
Authors: Bornelöv Susanne , Czech Benjamin , Hannon Gregory J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small RNAs required to recognize and silence transposable elements. The 5’ ends of mature piRNAs are defined through cleavage of long precursor transcripts, primarily by Zucchini (Zuc). Zuc-dependent cleavage typically occurs immediately upstream of a uridine. However, Zuc lacks sequence preference in vitro, pointing towards additional unknown specificity factors. Here, we examine murine piRNAs and reveal a strong and specific enrichment of three sequences (UAA, UAG, UGA)—corresponding to stop codons—at piRNA 5’ ends. Stop codon sequences are also enriched immediately after piRNA processing intermediates, reflecting their Zuc-dependent tail-to-head arrangement. Further analyses reveal that a Zuc in vivo cleavage preference at four sequences (UAA, UAG, UGA, UAC) promotes 5’ end stop codons. This observation is conserved across mammals and possibly further. Our work provides new insights into Zuc-dependent cleavage and may point to a previously unrecognized connection between piRNA biogenesis and the translational machinery.
Accuracy of portable spirometers in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Li Xiaomeng , Wang Xingjian , Yu Na , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPortable spirometers has been approved for diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their diagnostic accuracy has not been reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of portable spirometers in detecting COPD. A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang, and Web of Science databases. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), area under the curve (AUC), and other related indices were calculated using the bivariate mixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Thirty one studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic ratio (DOR), SROC, and AUC of the SROC of portable spirometers were 0.85 (0.81–0.88), 0.85 (0.81–0.88), 5.6 (4.4–7.3), 0.18 (0.15–0.22), 31 (21–46) and 0.91 (0.89–0.94), respectively. Among the three commonly used types of portable spirometers, the accuracy of PIKO-6 was higher (0.95) than that of COPD-6 (0.91) and PEF (0.82). Subgroup analysis indicated that the accuracy of a multi-indices portable spirometer was higher than that of a single-index one (P < 0.05). In addition, portable spirometry performed by professional technicians in tertiary hospitals was more accurate than for those conducted by trained technicians in primary care facilities and communities (P < 0.05). Moreover, the accuracy of studies conducted in developing country was superior to developed country (P < 0.05). Portable spirometers have high accuracy in the diagnosis of COPD. Multi-index COPD-6 and PIKO-6 displayed higher accuracy than others. Standardized training of instrument operators should be considered to achieve reliable results.
A review of advances in freeze desalination and future prospects
Authors: Najim Abdul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFreeze desalination (FD) has several benefits compared to vaporization-based and membrane-based desalination methods. The FD process needs approximately 1/7th of the latent heat required by the vaporization-based desalination processes. The involvement of sub-zero temperature in FD reduces the risk of corrosion and scaling. This paper reviews the advances in FD methods involving stand-alone and hybrid methods that operate with and without utilizing the energy released during the re-gasification of liquefied natural gas. Moreover, the paper discusses the future focus areas for research and development to make FD a commercially feasible technology. Potable water was produced from brackish water and seawater by FD wherein the nucleation was achieved by ice seeding, the mixing of rejected salt from ice into the liquid phase was controlled appropriately, growth of ice crystals was slow, and liquid subcooling was maintained at approximately 4 K. The post-treatment of obtained ice is needed to produce potable water if the process is instigated without ice seeding. The plant capacity of stand-alone progressive FD was higher than the stand-alone suspension FD of seawater. The integration of the falling-film, fractional thawing, and block FD method showed significantly improved plant capacity than the stand-alone suspension FD method. The energy consumption of stand-alone PFC and SFC-based desalination with latent heat recovery was reported close to the reverse osmosis (RO) method. The hybrid (integration of the suspension FD method with membrane distillation) FD method utilizing LNG cold energy consumed less energy than the conventional RO method.
Addressing a systematic error correcting for free and mixed convection when measuring mean radiant temperature with globe thermometers
Authors: Teitelbaum Eric , Alsaad Hayder , Aviv Dorit , Kim Alexander , Voelker Conrad , Meggers Forrest , Pantelic Jovan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that most people spend the majority of their lives indoors. Most individuals do not realize that while indoors, roughly half of heat exchange affecting their thermal comfort is in the form of thermal infrared radiation. We show that while researchers have been aware of its thermal comfort significance over the past century, systemic error has crept into the most common evaluation techniques, preventing adequate characterization of the radiant environment. Measuring and characterizing radiant heat transfer is a critical component of both building energy efficiency and occupant thermal comfort and productivity. Globe thermometers are typically used to measure mean radiant temperature (MRT), a commonly used metric for accounting for the radiant effects of an environment at a point in space. In this paper we extend previous field work to a controlled laboratory setting to (1) rigorously demonstrate that existing correction factors used in the American Society of Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 55 or ISO7726 for using globe thermometers to quantify MRT are not sufficient; (2) develop a correction to improve the use of globe thermometers to address problems in the current standards; and (3) show that mean radiant temperature measured with ping-pong ball-sized globe thermometers is not reliable due to a stochastic convective bias. We also provide an analysis of the maximum precision of globe sensors themselves, a piece missing from the domain in contemporary literature.
Optimization of the pulse electric field assisted extraction of black rice grain for antioxidant and sirtuin1 enzyme stimulation activities
Authors: Salee Nuttinee , Chaiyana Wantida , Yawootti Artit , Naruenartwongsakul Srisuwan , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Walter Ponjan , Utama-ang Niramon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) in black rice grain (BRG) demonstrate many beneficial health effects, including antioxidant and anti-aging properties. This research aimed to study on pulsed electric field assisted water extraction (PEF-AWE) on BRG using pre-treatment technique, which was determined for enhanced yields of C3G and P3G, antioxidant and sirtuin1 enzyme stimulation activities. The effects of operating parameters for PEF-AWE (intensity of electric field, X1: 3–5 kV/cm, number of pulse, X2: 1000–3000 pulse and BRG/water ratio, X3: 0.1–0.5 g/mL) were determined using regression analysis and optimized PEF-AWE condition using the response surface methodology. Regression models showed the intensity of electric field and BRG/water ratio were the strong influence parameters significantly on C3G (p < 0.01). The results highlighted optimized conditions of PEF-AWE followed by 5 kV/cm, 3000 pulse and 0.5 g/mL leading to achieve higher C3G (92.59 ± 4.79 mg/g) and P3G (4.59 ± 0.27 mg/g) than no pre-treatment by PEF process, approximately 60%. Additionally, PEF extracts of BRG can modulate the ability of surtuin1 enzyme to deacetylate substrate proteins (26.78 ± 0.50 FIR). Thus, PEF-AWE can be applied to produce BRG extract as natural antioxidant compound and functional ingredient.
Quantifying social segregation in large-scale networks
Authors: Reme Bjørn-Atle , Kotsadam Andreas , Bjelland Johannes , Sundsøy Pål Roe , Lind Jo Thori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a measure of social segregation which combines mobile phone data and income register data in Oslo, Norway. In addition to measuring the extent of social segregation, our study shows that social segregation is strong, robust, and that social networks are particularly clustered among the richest. Using location data on the areas where people work, we also examine whether exposure to other social strata weakens measured segregation. Lastly, we extend our analysis to a large South Asian city and show that our main results hold across two widely different societies.
The impact of maternal asthma on the preterm infants' gut metabolome and microbiome (MAP study)
Authors: Bai-Tong Shiyu S. , Thoemmes Megan S. , Weldon Kelly C. , Motazavi Diba , Kitsen Jessica , Hansen Shalisa , Furst Annalee , Geng Bob , Song Se Jin , Gilbert Jack A. , Bode Lars , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Knight Rob , Leibel Sydney A. , Leibel Sandra L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreterm infants are at a greater risk for the development of asthma and atopic disease, which can lead to lifelong negative health consequences. This may be due, in part, to alterations that occur in the gut microbiome and metabolome during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). To explore the differential roles of family history (i.e., predisposition due to maternal asthma diagnosis) and hospital-related environmental and clinical factors that alter microbial exposures early in life, we considered a unique cohort of preterm infants born ≤ 34 weeks gestational age from two local level III NICUs, as part of the MAP (Microbiome, Atopic disease, and Prematurity) Study. From MAP participants, we chose a sub-cohort of infants whose mothers had a history of asthma and matched gestational age and sex to infants of mothers without a history of asthma diagnosis (control). We performed a prospective, paired metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of stool and milk feed samples collected at birth, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postnatal age. Although there were clinical factors associated with shifts in the diversity and composition of stool-associated bacterial communities, maternal asthma diagnosis did not play an observable role in shaping the infant gut microbiome during the study period. There were significant differences, however, in the metabolite profile between the maternal asthma and control groups at 6 weeks postnatal age. The most notable changes occurred in the linoleic acid spectral network, which plays a role in inflammatory and immune pathways, suggesting early metabolomic changes in the gut of preterm infants born to mothers with a history of asthma. Our pilot study suggests that a history of maternal asthma alters a preterm infants’ metabolomic pathways in the gut, as early as the first 6 weeks of life.