bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Inherently Fluorescent Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Cell Imaging and Targeting Therapy: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Qu Jian‐Bo , Li Gang‐Feng , Li Yu‐Jie , Sun Yong‐Jun , Ma Xiqi , Che Huan‐Jie , Li Yue , Sui Xin‐Yi , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFluorescent polymer nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential as bioimaging and therapeutic agents in the biomedical field. Here, a subtle method is developed to synthesize inherently fluorescent core–shell NPs with diameters less than 100 nm. The permanent fluorescence comes from the rigid conjugated structure between benzene and chloromethyl groups in the crosslinked poly(chloromethylstyrene) (PCMSt) core, which is able to be applied for the determination of Fe3+ with a detection limit of 1.39 × 10−6 m. It is further demonstrated that the galactose modification (poly (6‐O‐acryloyl‐d‐galactose), PADGal) shell can efficiently· facilitate the selective internalization of NPs by human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), and the cells are more prone to uptake the NPs with medium crosslinking degree. The hydrophobic anticancer drug 10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is then loaded onto PADGal@PCMSt NPs. Benefiting from the specific interactions between asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptors and the galactose moiety, the PADGal@PCMSt NPs can deliver HCPT with the highest efficiency to HepG2 cells in comparison with the human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), the human alveolar adenocarcinoma basal epithelial cells (A549), the mouse breast cancer cells (4T1), and the mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3). The present study provides a new strategy to build small‐size fluorescent polymer NPs with both bioimaging and therapeutic functions.
Principal spectral theory of time‐periodic nonlocal dispersal operators of Neumann type
Authors: Vo Hoang‐Hung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this communication, we prove some limits of the principal eigenvalue for nonlocal operator of Neumann type with respect to the parameters, which are significant in the understanding of dynamics of biological populations. We obtain a complete picture about limits of the principal eigenvalue in term of the large and small dispersal rate and dispersal range classified by “Ecological Stable Strategy” of persistence. This solves some open problems remainning in the series of work [3, 32, 30], in which we have to overcome the new difficulties comparing to [3, 32, 30] since principal eigenvalue of a nonlocal Neumann operator is not monotone with respect to the domain. The maximum principle for this type of operator is also achieved in this paper.
The influence of anthropomorphic cues in retailing: The moderating effect of the vice versus virtue products
Authors: Londoño Juan C. , Ruiz de Maya Salvador 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn retail environments, consumers are constantly exposed to in‐store marketing communication activities. However, relatively little is known about the attribution of human traits to this communication tool. The current research focuses on how anthropomorphizing retail cues such as dump bins influences consumer behavior and the moderating effect of the vice‐virtue character of the displayed products. Using eye‐tracking technology in an ecological shopping environment, we tracked shoppers' gazes through the store and analyzed their visual attention. Results show that attaching anthropomorphic forms to dump bins positively affects attitudes toward the displayed products. In addition, we demonstrate that displaying a vice product in an anthropomorphic dump bin increases both attitude toward the product and purchase intention, compared to the display of a virtue product. These findings suggest that anthropomorphism has an empathy‐helping underlying psychological mechanism that, when applied to retail communication activities, can contribute to justifying the purchase of vice products.
Thermal Reprocessing and Closed‐Loop Chemical Recycling of Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber Enabled by Exchangeable and Cleavable Acetal Linkages
Authors: Zhang Ganggang , Tian Chenru , Feng Haoran , Tan Tianwei , Wang Runguo , Zhang Liqun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe covalent cross‐linking is an essential prerequisite for achieving the unique entropic elasticity of rubber products; however, the formation of a 3D cross‐linked network and permanent cross‐links makes thermosetting rubbers difficult to be recycled, causing serious environmental pollution at the end of their life. Herein, a facile, green, and promising strategy to introduce the exchangeable and cleavable acetal bonds into the chemically cross‐linked networks of diene‐typed rubbers is reported. For the first time, the hydroxyl‐functionalized styrene‐butadiene rubber (ESBR‐HEMA) is prepared by introducing 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) during the emulsion polymerization of styrene‐butadiene rubber (ESBR). Then, based on hydroxyl‐vinyl ether addition reactions, divinyl ether (DVE) could serve as a cross‐linking agent to facilely and effectively cross‐link hydroxyl‐functionalized rubbers without additional additives, producing exchangeable and hydrolyzable acetal linkages. What's more, the acetal‐containing cross‐linked network in ESBR‐HEMA vulcanizates could rearrange their topologies at elevated temperatures, endowing them with malleable and thermal reprocessing abilities. Moreover, the hydrolyzable acetal bonds could be selectively cleaved into hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in acidic conditions, resulting in a closed‐loop chemical recycling of the ESBR‐HEMA rubber. Hence, this work provides a facile and green cross‐linking strategy for hydroxyl‐functionalized rubbers to address the inherent problems brought from the covalent cross‐linking of rubbers.
Green Synthesis of Carbon Nitride‐Based Conjugated Copolymer for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Hu Zhen , Liu Ning , He Panpan , Bai Huiying , Hao Liang , Min Jiakang , Fan Zifen , Chen Bingyu , Niu Ran , Gong Jiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUpcycling waste plastics into advanced semiconductor photocatalysts provides a new strategy to reasonably and economically solve the huge amount of waste plastics, which remains challenging. Herein, a carbon nitride‐based donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated copolymer by copolymerization of dicyandiamide and terephthalic acid from discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using Zn(OH)2as catalyst and template at 360–440 °C is synthesized. The morphology and structure of the conjugated copolymer are well regulated by the calcination temperature. The resultant conjugated copolymer exhibits merits of high light absorption and low electron–hole recombination probability. Consequently, it works excellently in the persulfate‐based advanced oxidation process for visible light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. The kinetic constant (3.4 × 10−2 min−1) is 40.5 and 2.3 times that of the conjugated copolymer system and persulfate system, respectively. Furthermore, the reactive species (including •OH, SO4•−, •O2−,1O2, and h+) and degradation intermediates of tetracycline are analyzed to expound its degradation process. This work not only pioneers design guidelines on upcycling of waste plastics in a sustainable manner, but also provides a facile strategy to synthesize carbon nitride‐based D–A conjugated copolymers for the efficient activation of persulfate‐based advanced oxidation process in wastewater treatment.
Spastic Paraplegia Type 7 and Movement Disorders: Beyond the Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Sáenz‐Farret Michel , Lang Anthony E. , Kalia Lorraine , Cunha Inês , Sousa Mário , Kuhlman Greg , Ganos Christos , Munhoz Renato P. , Fasano Alfonso , Piña‐Avilés Carlos Eduardo , Zúñiga‐Ramírez Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) mutations can present either as a pure form or a complex phenotype with movement disorders.ObjectiveDescribe the main features of subjects with SPG7 mutations associated with movement disorders.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical and paraclinical information of subjects with SPG7 mutations associated with movement disorders.ResultsSixteen affected subjects from 11 families were identified. Male sex predominated (10 of 16) and the mean age at onset was 41.25 ± 16.1 years. A cerebellar syndrome was the most frequent clinical movement disorder phenotype (7 of 16); however, parkinsonism (2 of 16), dystonia (1 of 16), and mixed phenotypes between them were also seen. The “ears of the lynx” sign was found in four subjects. A total of nine SPG7 variants were found, of which the most frequent was the c.1529C > T (p.Ala510Val).ConclusionThis case series expands the motor phenotype associated with SPG7 mutations. Clinicians must consider this entity in single or familial cases with combined movement disorders.
Dual‐band high‐efficiency power amplifier using a D‐CRLH harmonic tuning network
Authors: Cai Qi , Xue Quan , Che Wenquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne dual‐band high‐efficiency power amplifier (PA) based on a D‐CRLH structure is presented. The D‐CRLH cell is employed to realize one dual‐band second harmonic trapping for the two operation frequency bands. Based on above design strategy, high PA efficiency at two frequency bands can be achieved by transferring the fundamental and second harmonic impedances to appropriate positions on the Smith chart. For demonstration, one prototype is designed at 2.3 and 3.5 GHz by using the proposed design strategy. The results indicate one peak output power of 40 and 40.8 dBm at the measured frequency of 2.2 and 3.2 GHz, respectively, while the maximum power‐added efficiencies (PAE) are 73.9% and 64% at the two frequencies.
Modeling method for grounded coplanar waveguide with vector fitting technique
Authors: Tan Daidao , Lu Hongliang , Zhao Ranran , Qi Junjun , Zhang Yimen , Zhang Yuming , Cheng Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, a semiempirical equivalent circuit model of the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) based on the vector fitting is proposed for the first time, which improves the accuracy in high frequency. It offers an effective solution for the millimeter GCPW modeling. This model takes into account nonideal effects such as skin effect and substrate coupling effect, which realizes the combination of numerical method and physical meaning. The method we propose aims to use sequential quadratic programming algorithm to solve strictly passive problems. Good agreement is obtained between the modeled and measured data up to 40 GHz.
Low‐insertion‐loss planar four‐way Gysel power divider with high isolation employing two‐layer substrates
Authors: Song Kaijun , Li Qian , Chen Yuxuan , Hu Shunyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a kind of novel planar four‐way Gysel power divider that has high isolation and low insertion loss (IL). This power divider adopts two‐layer substrates. The power divider circuit and isolation circuit are on different layers. For analysis and design, an equivalent circuit is given. The relationship between the impedance of the matching section and the working bandwidth is analyzed. The design process is given to illustrate a specific method that also applies to the N‐way Gysel power divider. For verification, a prototype is designed, manufactured. The measured results show that IL is 6.3 ± 0.1 dB approximately. The 20 dB relative isolation bandwidth achieves 45%. Between 1.88 and 2.64 GHz, the input return loss (RL) achieves 15 dB. And between 1.78 and 2.75 GHz, the output RL is better than 15 dB.
A high selectivity tri‐band BPF using π‐type structure loaded with λ/4 open stub and hybrid SIR
Authors: Zhu Lin , Guan Yangyang , Zheng Bangjie , Cheng Zhiqun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a novel tri‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity is presented. The proposed tri‐band BPF employs a symmetrical π‐type structure loaded with λ/4 open stubs and hybrid stepped impedance resonator (SIR). The hybrid SIR consists of two‐section cascaded SIR and a pair of parallel‐coupled lines. Using λ/4 frequency‐selected open stubs, the complete π‐type structure is restructured into a basic π‐type structure with three microstrip lines. The filtering responses of the second passband are controlled only by the basic π‐type structure. The filtering responses of the first and third passbands are influenced by the complete π‐type structure. By embedding coupled‐lines into the two‐section cascaded SIR, four extra transmission zeros (TZs) are obtained. For validation, a tri‐band BPF with 3‐dB fractional bandwidths of 14.3%, 9.4%, and 6.6%, respectively, operating at 1.77 GHz (GSM), 2.37 GHz (WLAN), and 3.43 GHz (WiMAX) is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured insertion losses are less than 1.5 dB and return losses are better than 24.5 dB within three passbands. In total, seven TZs are generated and the maximum roll‐off rate of three passbands is up to 173 dB/GHz. The good agreement between simulations and measurements verifies the proposed design.
Design of a pattern reconfigurable antenna for wide‐angle scanning phased array applications
Authors: Cao Yuanxi , Feng Penghao , Yan Sen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, a pattern reconfigurable antenna is proposed for wide beam scanning phased array applications. Different from the wide beamwidth unit design, the large beam scanning range of the proposed antenna array is realized by the reconfigurable radiation patterns with the different tilted angles of the antenna unit. The tilted beams can enhance the total beam coverage range of the antenna unit with high directivity, thus increasing the beam scanning range of the antenna array. The tilted beams are realized by the combination of the concentric circular and annular patch antennas. A PIN diode‐loaded reconfigurable feeding network is designed to feed the patches with reconfigurable phase differences. The feeding network can achieve a good impedance matching effect and guarantee the symmetry of the tilted beams. To verify the beam scanning performance of the proposed antenna, a 1 × 4 linear array is fabricated and measured. The results prove that the antenna can achieve ±61° beam scanning range with ±78° 3 dB beam coverage range and the maximum sidelobe level (SLL) of −8.0 dB. The characteristics include low‐profile, high efficiency, low SLL, and wide beam scanning range making it a very attractive choice for phased array antenna applications.
Interferometer direction‐finding system with time‐division multiplexing of spread spectrum signals
Authors: Zhang Jiebing , Feng Wenquan , Xu Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA single channel interferometer direction‐finding (DF) system is proposed in this article. The interferometer DF system adopts time‐division multiplexing to receive different antenna phase information, which can effectively eliminate the differences in time delay and channel gain due to different channels. In addition, the spread spectrum signal and integer ambiguity resolution algorithm are used to make the system suitable for low carrier‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) and high‐frequency signals. The simulations show that the system can measure the angle with root mean square error accuracy at a CNR of 50 dB‐Hz.
Vehicle‐mounted mobile mid‐infrared high‐precision atmospheric ethane sensor system
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yan Ge , Yu Ling , Song Fang , Yang Yue , Wang Qing , Li Xiuying , Zheng Chuantao , Wang Yiding 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEthane (C2H6) is an important gas in environmental monitoring, especially in urban areas, and the development of vehicle‐mounted mobile C2H6 sensors is meaningful for high‐efficiency and wide‐range detection of C2H6 concentration levels. Based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, a sensor system for the detection of trace C2H6 concentration in the atmosphere was developed using wavelength modulation spectroscopy. An interband cascade laser with a central wavelength of 3337 nm and a multipass gas cell (MPGC) with an optical path length of 26.4 m was used as core optical components. The pressure in the MPGC was optimized at 200 Torr, and such pressure was stabilized by a self‐developed pressure control system. The sensor system was compactly integrated into a standalone instrument with a dimension size of 52 × 33 × 28.8 cm3. The detection limit (1σ) was measured to be 3.45 parts per billion at an averaging time of 0.5 s. Forty‐eight‐hour field experiment and vehicle‐mounted mobile measurement of atmospheric C2H6 levels with concentration mapping were carried out on the Jilin University campus to validate the practical application ability of the system.
A compact self‐packaged triple‐mode bandpass filter using dual capacitively‐loaded substrate‐integrated waveguide resonator
Authors: Jing Huaishu , Zhang Yonghong , Qu Lili , Jing Shouzhao , Liu Jiawei , Bo Xiaole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA compact triple‐mode (TM) bandpass filter (BPF) is designed based on the proposed dual capacitively‐loaded (DCL) substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator. Two identical T‐shaped grounded striplines are inserted into a square SIW cavity to generate a capacitively loading effect without damaging cavity surface integrity, which contributes to maintaining EM‐shielding capability. By adjusting the size and position of the DCL structure, the first three resonant modes, including TE101, TE201, and TE301 are easily controlled to design a TM‐BPF. A transmission zero (TZ) is introduced by the grounded striplines and flexibly controlled. TZ is tuned to suppress the TE102 mode to acquire a wide upper rejection band. Furthermore, the filter design procedures are presented in the context under specified filter performance. Finally, to verify the proposed design method, an example of self‐packaged TM‐BPF at 6 GHz with a good lower stopband and a wide upper rejection band is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones.
A compact Ka‐band limiter‐low noise amplifier MMIC with high power capability
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhang Ming , Wang Jianchao , Wang Baozhu , Yu Pingping , Wu Ruihong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a 30–36 GHz limiter low‐noise amplifier (limiter‐LNA) MMIC for high power and high mobility millimeter‐wave radar systems. The PIN‐diode limiter network and the LNA are codesigned to realize high input‐power handling capability, good small‐signal performance, and small chip area. A two‐state matching capacitor is presented to improve both the input‐power handling capability at the high input‐power level and the input return loss at the small‐signal level. The proposed circuit is fabricated with a combined PIN/0.15‐µm‐GaAs‐pHEMT process. The limiter‐LNA is capable of handling 39 dBm continuous wave (CW) input‐power without failure with only two limiter stages. The measured noise figure is 1.8–2.5 dB, the small‐signal gain is 18.5 ± 0.5 dB, the output power at 1 dB compression point is larger than 11 dBm, and the dc power consumption is 72 mW. The chip area, including testing pads, is only 2.1 mm × 1.0 mm. This limiter‐LNA MMIC is believed to have the highest input‐power handling capability and smallest chip area among limiter‐LNA MMICs at this frequency range reported up to date.
Design and simulation of differential transimpedance amplifier with active feedback for optical receivers
Authors: Duraiswamy Punithavathi , Anusha U. , Raghu S. , Selvaraja Shankar K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn active feedback network‐based bandwidth extension technique for CMOS differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is proposed in 0.18 µm CMOS process technology. The design consists of three stages in differential mode. The first stage is a common‐source amplifier that minimizes noise. A common collector stage is used for level shifting and buffering in the second stage. The third stage is a differential amplifier that provides additional gain. In addition to these three stages, an active CMOS negative feedback circuit is used for extending the bandwidth. The proposed design achieves a gain of 45.2 dBΩ with a 3 dB bandwidth of 21.23 GHz. The active feedback circuit provides an additional bandwidth of 7.3 GHz. The TIA achieves a data rate of 30 Gb/s with input‐referred noise current density of 63.1 pA/ and jitter of 9.07 ps. The TIA consumes a power of 10.3 mW with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.
Refractive index sensing properties of microfiber cascaded‐long‐tapers
Authors: Liu Fuhua , Wang Yu , Dang Hongtao , Li Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe microfiber cascaded double‐tapers were constructed and used as a Mach–Zehnder interferometer by a two‐step fiber stretching process using a normal fiber splicer and a multifunctional fiber stretching machine. The morphological parameters, such as waist diameter and taper length were optimized by the simulation models. The refractive index sensing performance has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated and compared. A sensitivity of 2606.39 nm/RIU of one Mach–Zehnder interferometer with microfiber double‐apers (central distance is ~1 cm) was obtained when the RI values changed from 1.3309, 1.3319, 1.3327, 1.3336, 1.3344–1.3352. This study proposed a novel way to design interesting microfiber devices, which will be a promising candidate for exploring optical fiber biosensors with compact structures.
Social, behavioural, and functional characteristics of community‐dwelling South Korean adults with moderate and severe cognitive impairment
Authors: Nam Sanghun , Downer Brian , Bae Suyeong , Hong Ickpyo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study used the 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging to investigate the social, behavioural, and functional characteristics of community‐dwelling South Korean adults with cognitive impairment.MethodsParticipants were classified as normal, moderate impairment, and severe impairment according to an algorithm that combined the Korean Mini‐Mental State Examination score and the number of difficulties in performing instrumental activities of daily living. Selected characteristics included grip strength, depression, participation in exercise and social activities, and living in a rural, urban, or suburban community.ResultsMost (72.7%) participants were classified as having normal cognition, 20.1% were classified as moderate impairment, and 7.2% were classified as severe impairment. Regardless of sex, the differences in grip strength across the cognitive status classifications were statistically significant, except for the difference between moderate and severe cognitive impairment in males (p = 0.8477). Greater number of depressive symptoms and living in rural areas were associated with significantly higher odds for severe cognitive impairment. Participants with moderate (OR = 0.51) and severe (OR = 0.33) cognitive impairment were less likely to participate in social activities than those with normal cognition.ConclusionsThe study findings revealed that social, behavioural, and functional characteristics are closely related to the cognitive status of community‐dwelling adults in South Korea.