bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Wuhan, China
Authors: Duan Qionghong , Zhang Zhengbin , Tian Dan , Zhou Meilan , Hu Yanjie , Wu Jun , Wang Tiantian , Li Yuehua , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
How multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) spreads and expands in Wuhan population is not clear. The study aimed to determine the transmission patterns of MDR-TB in Wuhan city, China, including 149 patients with MDR-TB.
Tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by deletion-targeted multiplex polymerase chain reaction, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat typing, and sequencing of drug resistance-associated genes. The risk factors of genomic-clustering were analyzed with logistic regression. The genomic-clustering patients were deeply investigated.
The analysis identified 111 unique and 11 clustered genotypes (38 isolates). The clustering rate was 25.50% and the minimum estimate proportion of recent transmission was 18.12%. Two clusters (5 isolates) shared the same mutation, the remain 9 clusters (33 isolates) had different mutation. Logistic regression showed that older than 60 years (adjusted OR 2.360, 95% CI:1.052-5.292) was an independent factor associated with the genomic-clustering of MDR-TB. Among the 38 genomic-clustering cases, 14 cases had epidemiological transmission links. The most common type of transmission link was social contact.
The local transmission of MDR-TB in Wuhan was really an issue. The elderly population might be the high-risk groups for transmission of MDR-TB, and the community or public transportation might be the main transmission places.
Pre-operative embolization and excision of vagal schwannoma with rich vascular supply
Authors: Xu Tao , Liu Yue , Li Siyuan , Zheng Lei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Schwannomas are benign tumors wrapped in the nerve sheath and can originate from the myelin sheath of the cranial nerve. In previous literature reports, most of the tumors were solid tumors, which can be removed only by surgery. This case report describes a unique case of vagal schwannoma, which, unlike previous cases, involves a dominant arterial supply, and discusses the pre-operative evaluation, relevant radiographic findings, and surgical process of the case in detail.

Patient concerns:
A 31-year-old woman sought treatment for pain in the left side of the neck when turning her head. A mass on the left side of the neck was found on enhanced computed tomography with a maximum diameter of 6.8 cm, along with multiple tortuous, thickened vascular shadows, and pressure on the left pharyngeal cavity.

Diagnosis:
The pathological results showed schwannoma.

Interventions:
Considering the unusual size of the tumor and thickened blood vessels revealed by pre-operative computed tomography, general anesthesia and biopsy were conducted first to confirm the diagnosis. Excessive bleeding occurred during the process; thus, the tumor was only partially removed before the wound closed after hemostasis. Digital subtraction angiography indicated that the tumor was supplied by multiple arteries, and the tumor was removed by pre-operative embolization plus intra-operative removal.

Outcomes:
Combined with embolization and surgical resection, the tumor was completely removed, the nerve was partially preserved, and the patient had postoperative hoarseness.

Lesson:
The present case indicates the possibility of vascularly supplied vagal schwannoma; thus, it is necessary to conduct pre-operative digital subtraction angiography.
Evaluation of a Nurse-led Aftercare Intervention for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy and Cisplatin or Cetuximab
Authors: Braat Cora , Verduijn Gerda M. , van der Stege Heleen A. , Offerman Marinella P.J. , Peeters Mariëlle A.C. , van Staa AnneLoes , Oldenmenger Wendy H. 
Published: January 2022

Background
The supportive needs for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients during the vulnerable period after treatment are not always met. Therefore, more professional support regarding physical, social, and psychological care as well as lifestyle is recommended.

Objective
This study is an evaluation of a nurse-led aftercare intervention to support patients recovering from HNC treatment.

Methods
Intervention group (IG) participants received 2 extra consultations from a nurse practitioner 3 and 9 months after treatment of HNC. A holistic conversational tool, the Self-Management Web, was developed to guide the nurse through the conversation. Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and quality of patient-centered care. A secondary outcome was self-management skills.

Results
Twenty-seven patients were included in the IG, and 28 were included in the control group. Differences in HRQoL and self-management between the IG and the control group were not statistically significant. For the IG, all domains of the Self-Management Web were perceived important and addressed by the nurse practitioner.

Conclusion
This holistic nurse-led aftercare intervention was highly appreciated by HNC patients. Although the intervention met the need for support in recovery after treatment, it did not improve HRQoL or self-management skills.

Implications of Practice
For both nurses and patients, the intervention is feasible and acceptable in daily practice. Self-management support for patients after their cancer treatment is of added value and has potential to improve the quality of regular follow-up care.
High Rate of Emergency Department Care in Youth With Abdominal Pain–Associated Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Friesen Alec S. , Livitz Michelle , Glynn Earl F. , Schurman Jennifer V. , Colombo Jennifer M. , Friesen Craig A. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
The primary objective was to describe patterns of care delivery locations in youth with abdominal pain–associated functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGID) and assess for differences in patterns of care delivery by sex and race. A secondary objective was to describe cost variability within the emergency department (ED).

Methods
Data were obtained using a large, single-vendor database that extracts and deidentifies data from the electronic health record across the outpatient, ED, and inpatient continuum of care. We evaluated patients 8 to 17 years of age seen over an 8-year period for a priority 1 diagnosis of an AP-FGID. Data collected included age, sex, race, encounter location, and total cost of ED encounters. We specifically assessed how often patients seen in the ED were also seen in outpatient or inpatient settings.

Results
A total of 53,750 patients (64% female; mean age, 13.3 ± 2.8 years) were identified and assessed. The most common location of care was the ED (48.8%) followed by the outpatient setting (46.2%). Of patients seen for a priority 1 AP-FGID diagnosis in the ED, only 3.7% were seen for a priority 1 diagnosis in the outpatient setting, and only 1% were seen in an inpatient setting. Overall, females received 42.5% of their care and males received 44.8% of their care in the ED. The overall rate of ED care was 66.9% for Hispanic, 61.5% for African American, 55.1% for Asian, 46.6% for Native American, and 36.9% for Caucasian patients.

Conclusions
The ED is the most common location for care for youth with AP-FGIDs and, for the majority, seems to be the only location. This seems to be particularly true for Hispanic and African American patients. Given the often complex psychosocial needs of this patient group, processes need to be developed to transition these patients into the outpatient setting, ideally to programs specializing in chronic pain.
FAMILY LIFE EXPERIENCES IN CARING FOR CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Nurjanah Siti , Septianingrum Yurike , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, and ALL is the leading cause of death in children. Chronic diseases, one of which is cancer suffered by children, can provide varied responses to families. Caring for children with cancer requires a very long and complex process, so it requires good coordination between children, parents, families and the health team. The purpose of this literature review is to obtain in-depth information on the experiences of parents in caring for children with cancer. The method of writing this article is a literature review of 40 articles with the year 2019-2021 published from electronic database, namely CINAHL, Web of Science, SAGE and Proquest. The method of searching and selecting articles used The Center for Review and Dissemination and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guideline and PRISMA diagram. Checklist with selection criteria using the PICOS approach. The results of a literature review show that while caring for children with cancer, parents experience stress, anxiety about losing a child, uncertainty in child treatment, difficulties in caring for children and family responsibilities. Support in the form of psychosocial, material, and social support is needed for parents. The declining health condition of children is the biggest obstacle for parents, material needs are needed to support the care of children suffering from cancer, and there is hope from parents for their child’s recovery.
Knowledge and aptitude of early childhood, primary and/or secondary education teachers referred to first aid measures in dental trauma in the province of Seville (Spain.)
Authors: Ribas Pérez David , Olivera Rosmery , Mendoza-Mendoza Asunción 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe high of childhood dental trauma requires childcare professionals to have basic notions of dental first aid. Theaimof this study is to assess the level of knowledge and aptitude (defined as the ability to operate competently in a given activity) of early childhood, primary and/or secondary education teachers from Seville (Spain) referred to first aid measures in dental trauma. A descriptivestudywas made. The study sample consisted of 442 teachers (334 women and 108 men) coinciding proportionately with the study target population in terms of gender distribution, type of center and teaching level.MethodsA specifically designed questionnaire was used.ResultsMost of the participants (88.5%, n=391) exhibited poor knowledge and aptitude, 11.5% (n=51) showed medium level knowledge and aptitude, and none were categorized as having high knowledge and aptitude.ConclusionThese findings could be explained by the fact that 98% of those surveyed had never received any training in this area.
Immune response to third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in seronegative kidney transplant recipients: possible improvement by mycophenolate mofetil reduction
Authors: Kantauskaite Marta , Müller Lisa , Hillebrandt Jonas , Lamberti Joshua , Fischer Svenja , Kolb Thilo , Ivens Katrin , Koch Michael , Andree Marcel , Lübke Nadine , Schmitz Michael , Luedde Tom , Orth Hans Martin , Feldt Torsten , Schaal Heiner , Adams Ortwin , Schmidt Claudia , Kittel Margarethe , Königshausen Eva , Rump Lars C. , Timm Jörg , Stegbauer Johannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundModification of vaccination strategies is needed to improve the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).MethodsThis multicenter observational study aimed to determine antibody kinetics among 60 seropositive KTRs and analyzed the effects of the third vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in 174 previously seronegative KTRs. We investigated whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dose reduction by 25-50% prior the third vaccination influences vaccination success.Results18 of 60 (30%) seropositive KTRs became seronegative in the serological assay within six months. Loss of antibodies was predicted by low initial antibody levels (≤206.8 BAU/ml), older age, and impaired graft function. A third vaccination in previously seronegative KTRs induced seroconversion in 56 of 174 (32.1%) KTRs with median antibody levels 119 (76–353) BAU/ml and median neutralizing capacity titer of 1:10 (0– 1:40). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that initial antibody levels (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09–1.76), graft function (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.39), time after transplantation (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07) and MMF trough levels (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.88) correlated with seroconversion, p<0.05. After controlling for these confounders, the effect of MMF dose reduction was calculated using propensity score matching. KTRs in the MMF reduction group had significantly lower MMF serum concentrations prior to the third vaccination and were more likely to develop antibody levels ≥35.2 BAU/ml than their matched KTRs (p=0.02).ConclusionsTemporary reduction in MMF dose might be a promising approach to improve the immune response in KTRs.
Cohort Profile: The United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity And COVID-19 outcomes in Healthcare workers (UK-REACH)
Authors: Bryant Luke , Free Robert C , Woolf Katherine , Melbourne Carl , Guyatt Anna L , John Catherine , Gupta Amit , Gray Laura J , Nellums Laura , Martin Christopher A , McManus I Chris , Garwood Claire , Modhawdia Vishant , Carr Sue , Wain Louise V , Tobin Martin D , Khunti Kamlesh , Akubakar Ibrahim , Pareek Manish 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKey Features of the UK-REACH Cohort (Profile in a nutshell)The UK-REACH Cohort was established to understand why ethnic minority healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of poorer outcomes from COVID-19 when compared to their white ethnic counterparts in the United Kingdom (UK). Through study design, it contains a uniquely high percentage of participants from ethnic minority backgrounds about whom a wide range of qualitative and quantitative data has been collected.A total of 17891 HCWs aged 16-89 years (mean age: 44) have been recruited from across the UK via all major healthcare regulators, individual National Health Service (NHS) hospital trusts and UK HCW membership bodies who advertised the study to their registrants/staff to encourage participation in the study.Data available include linked healthcare records for 25 years from the date of consent and consent to obtain genomic sequencing data collected via saliva. Online questionnaires include information on demographics, COVID-19 exposures at work and home, redeployment in the workforce due to COVID-19, mental health measures, workforce attrition, and opinions on COVID-19 vaccines, with baseline (n=15 119), 6 (n=5632) and 12-month follow-up data captured.Request data access and collaborations by following documentation found at https://www.uk-reach.org/main/data_sharing.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Altered Landscape of Immune Cells in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Related Myocarditis
Authors: Lou Bowen , Guo Manyun , Chen Fangyuan , Wang Chen , Tuerhongjiang Gulinigaer , Zheng Tao , Zhou Bo , Yuan Zuyi , She Jianqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyocarditis has emerged as a rare but lethal Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated toxicity. However, the exact mechanism for ICI related myocarditis remains underexplored; and the specific therapeutic targets is still lacking. In this study, we used scRNA-seq to characterize the transcriptomic profiles of single cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of ICI related myocarditis during fulminant myocarditis and disease recovery.MethodsPBMC samples were taken from the patient during fulminant ICI related myocarditis and after disease remission. Cells were isolated from blood samples by density gradient centrifugation over Ficoll-Paque. Single-cell RNA sequencing with 10X genomics was performed. Subpopulation determination, functional analysis, single-cell trajectory and cell-cell interaction analysis were carried out afterwards.ResultsWe presented the altered landscape of immune cells and differential genes in ICI related myocarditis during the disease activity and remission using scRNA-seq. Substantial immune cell composition and intercellular communication were found to be altered. Monocyte, NK cell as well as B cell subpopulations contributed to the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation in ICI related myocarditis. T cell subpopulations highly expressed genes associated with PD-1 inhibitor resistance and hyper-progressor. At last, the intercellular communication in ICI related myocarditis was significantly dysregulated.ConclusionBy identifying altered pathways and highlighting a catalog of marker genes, this study has revealed the diversity of cellular populations in ICI related myocarditis, marked by their distinct transcriptional profiles and biological functions. Our investigation would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ICI related myocarditis in continuous exploration.
Nucleocapsid antigenemia is a marker of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Verkerke Hans P. , Damhorst Gregory L. , Graciaa Daniel S. , McLendon Kaleb , O’Sick William , Robichaux Chad , Cheedarla Narayanaiah , Potlapalli Sindhu , Wu Shang-Chuen , Harrington Kristin R.V. , Webster Andrew , Kraft Colleen , Rostad Christina A. , Waggoner Jesse J. , Gandhi Neel R. , Guarner Jeannette , Auld Sara C. , Neish Andrew , Roback John D. , Lam Wilbur A. , Shah N. Sarita , Stowell Sean R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundReliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as infection control and prevention during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Existing nucleic acid tests do not reliably distinguish acute from resolved infection, as residual RNA is frequently detected in the absence of replication-competent virus. We hypothesized that viral nucleocapsid in serum or plasma may be a specific biomarker of acute infection that could enhance isolation and treatment strategies at an individualized level.MethodsSamples were obtained from a retrospective serological survey using a convenience sampling method from adult inpatient and outpatient encounters from January through March 2021. Samples were categorized along a timeline of infection (e.g. acute, late presenting, convalescent) based on timing of available SARS-CoV-2 testing and symptomatology. Nucleocapsid was quantified by digital immunoassay on the Quanterix HD-X platform.ResultsIn a large sample of 1860 specimens from 1607 patients, the highest level and frequency of antigenemia were observed in samples obtained during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of antigenemia were highest in samples from seronegative individuals and in those with more severe disease. Using ROC analysis, we found that antigenemia exhibited up to 85.8% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity as a biomarker for acute COVID-19.ConclusionsNucleocapsid antigenemia is a sensitive and specific biomarker for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and may aid in individualized assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution or persistence, although interpretation is limited by absence of a diagnostic gold standard for active infection.
Appropriate management of steroids and discharge planning during and after hospital admission for moderate-severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Rai Victoria , Raffals Laura E. , Lukin Dana , Hudesman David , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Damas Oriana M. , Sauk Jenny S. , Levy Alexander N. , Sofia M. Anthony , Tuskey Anne , Deepak Parakkal , Yarur Andres J. , Afzali Anita , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N , Cross Raymond K. , Hanauer Stephen B. , Siegel Corey A. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLimited guidance exists for the post-discharge care of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients hospitalized for moderate-severe flares.MethodsRAND methodology was used to establish appropriateness of inpatient and post-discharge steroid dosing, discharge criteria, follow-up, and post-discharge biologic or small molecule initiation. A literature review informed the panels voting, which occurred anonymously during two rounds before and after a moderated virtual session.ResultsMethylprednisolone 40-60mg IV every 24 hours or hydrocortisone 300mg IV three times daily are appropriate for inpatient management, with methylprednisolone 40mg being appropriate if intolerant of higher doses. It is appropriate to discharge patients once rectal bleeding has resolved (Mayo sub score 0-1) and/or stool frequency has returned to baseline frequency and form (Mayo sub score 0-1). It is appropriate to discharge patients on 40mg of prednisone after observing patients for 24 hours in-hospital to ensure stability prior to discharge. For patients being discharged on steroids without in-hospital biologic or small molecule therapy initiation, it is appropriate to start anti-TNF therapy after discharge for anti-TNF naïve patients. For anti-TNF exposed patients it is appropriate to start vedolizumab or ustekinumab for all patients, and tofacitinib for those with a low risk of adverse events. It is appropriate to follow up patients clinically within 2 weeks, and with lower endoscopy within 4-6 months after discharge.ConclusionWe provide guidance on the inpatient and post-discharge management of UC patients hospitalized for moderate-severe flares.STUDY HIGHLIGHTSWHAT IS KNOWNUlcerative colitis patients hospitalized for disease flares are a high-risk populationGuidance on evaluation and initial management during flares is provided, however, limited guidance exists on standardization of steroid management and post-discharge careWHAT IS NEW HEREThrough a RAND Appropriateness Panel we provide guidance on the inpatient and post-discharge management of steroids, discharge criteria, post-discharge monitoring and management of biologics or small molecule therapiesThese recommendations will help to bring uniformity to care for this high-risk population, and optimize outcomes in clinical practice
Spectral clustering of single-cell multi-omics data on multilayer graphs
Authors: Zhang Shuyi , Leistico Jacob R. , Cho Raymond J. , Cheng Jeffrey B. , Song Jun S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing technologies that simultaneously generate multimodal cellular profiles present opportunities for improved understanding of cell heterogeneity in tissues. How the multimodal information can be integrated to obtain a common cell type identification, however, poses a computational challenge. Multilayer graphs provide a natural representation of multi-omic single-cell sequencing datasets, and finding cell clusters may be understood as a multilayer graph partition problem.We introduce two spectral algorithms on multilayer graphs, spectral clustering on multilayer graphs (SCML) and the weighted locally linear (WLL) method, to cluster cells in multi-omic single-cell sequencing datasets. We connect these algorithms through a unifying mathematical framework that represents each layer using a Hamiltonian operator and a mixture of its eigenstates to integrate the multiple graph layers, demonstrating in the process that the WLL method is a rigorous multilayer spectral graph theoretic reformulation of the popular Seurat weighted nearest neighbor (WNN) algorithm. Implementing our algorithms and applying them to a CITE-seq dataset of cord blood mononuclear cells yields results similar to the Seurat WNN analysis. Our work thus extends spectral methods to multimodal single-cell data analysis.The code used in this study can be found at https://github.com/jssong-lab/sc-spectrum