bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurano[2,3-g]indolizidines and 8-Aminoindolizidines from l-Asparagine
Authors: Kuntiyong Punlop , Inprung Nantachai , Attanonchai Sineenart , Kheakwanwong Wichita , Bunrod Pijitra , Akkarasamiyo Sunisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract8-Aminoindolizidines were synthesized from l-asparagine as the chiral starting material. The key dibenzylamino succinimide intermediate was synthesized in two steps. Three homologs of chiral hydroxy lactams tethered with hydroxyalkenes were synthesized from the succinimide through a sequence involving N-alkylation, cross-olefin metathesis, and hydride reduction. The dibenzylamino group gave stereocontrol of the key N-acyliminium ion cyclization of these hydroxy lactams. 5-Substituted aminoindolizidines were synthesized with high diastereoselectivity at C6. A tandem cyclization of an N-(6-hydroxyhex-3-en-1-yl) γ-hydroxy lactam resulted in the formation of a tetrahydrofurano[2,3-g]indolizidine system.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Applications of Pinane-Based Chiral 1,4-Amino Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Szakonyi Zsolt , Raji Mounir , Le Tam Minh , Csámpai Antal , Nagy Viktória , Zupkó István 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new library of pinane-based 1,4-amino alcohols was synthesised and utilised as chiral ligands in enantioselective diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde. Aldol condensation of (+)-nopinone, derived from (–)-β-pinene, with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde gave the key intermediate α,β-unsaturated ketone, which was transformed in diastereoselective reduction, followed by hydrogenation, resulting in 1,4-amino alcohols. On the other hand, epoxidation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone, followed by reduction and then hydrogenation of the pyridine ring, afforded a mixture of 4-amino-2,3-epoxy-1-ols. Stereoselective hydride reduction of the epoxy ketone and subsequent condensation of the resulting products with substituted benzyl bromides provided quaternary ammonium salts, which were subjected to hydride reduction and then hydrogenation, affording 4-amino-2,3-epoxy-1-ol derivatives containing an N-benzylpiperidine moiety. The inhibition of nucleophile-initiated opening of the oxirane ring was interpreted by a systematic series­ of comparative Hartree–Fock modelling study using the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. The antiproliferative activities of 4-amino-2,3-epoxy­-1-ol derivatives were examined, and structure–activity relationships were studied from the aspects of the stereochemistry of the oxirane ring, saturation, and substituent effects on the piperidine ring system.
Hydrodynamic equations for the Ablowitz–Ladik discretization of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Spohn Herbert 
Published: March 2022

Ablowitz and Ladik discovered a discretization that preserves the integrability of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension. We compute the generalized free energy of this model and determine the generalized Gibbs ensemble averaged fields and their currents. They are linked to the mean-field circular unitary matrix ensemble. The resulting hydrodynamic equations follow the pattern already known from other integrable many-body systems. The discretized modified Korteweg–de-Vries equation is also studied, which turns out to be related to the beta Jacobi log gas.
Prediction-error neurons in circuits with multiple neuron types: Formation, refinement, and functional implications
Authors: Hertäg Loreen , Clopath Claudia 
Published: March 2022

Significance
An influential idea in neuroscience is that neural circuits do not only passively process sensory information but rather actively compare them with predictions thereof. A core element of this comparison is prediction-error neurons, the activity of which only changes upon mismatches between actual and predicted sensory stimuli. While it has been shown that these prediction-error neurons come in different variants, it is largely unresolved how they are simultaneously formed and shaped by highly interconnected neural networks. By using a computational model, we study the circuit-level mechanisms that give rise to different variants of prediction-error neurons. Our results shed light on the formation, refinement, and robustness of prediction-error circuits, an important step toward a better understanding of predictive processing.
A vasculature niche orchestrates stromal cell phenotype through PDGF signaling: Importance in human fibrotic disease
Authors: Layton Thomas B. , Williams Lynn , Yang Nan , Zhang Mingjun , Lee Carl , Feldmann Marc , Trujillo Glenda , Furniss Dominic , Nanchahal Jagdeep 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Tissue fibrotic diseases, for example of the liver and lung, represent a huge unmet medical need. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), tissue imaging, and functional assays, we identify a complex vascular niche in Dupuytren’s disease (DD), a common localized fibrotic condition of the palm, where early-disease-stage tissue can be accessed readily. We uncover a population of myofibroblast precursors within the pericyte compartment and demonstrate that the endothelium instructs the differentiation of functionally distinct stromal cells, thereby orchestrating discrete microenvironments in the fibrotic milieu. Together, these findings provide a basis for the concept of targeting blood vessel signaling to control the progression of human fibrosis.
The vitality of Angolar
Authors: Bouchard Marie-Eve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines Santomeans’ attitudes toward Angolares, a minority creole-speaking community descendant of
maroons on São Tomé Island, and their language. The status of Angolar varies from vigorous to shifting, depending on the source,
and according to Maurer (2013), it is unclear whether Angolar is being passed on to new
generations. In this article, it is argued that Angolares are shifting toward Portuguese, a process that has already commenced
among Santomeans living in the capital. Since prevailing attitudes regarding a language are important for its use and maintenance,
this study investigates the transmission of attitudes, beliefs and stereotypes as a possible explanation for the actual shift
toward Portuguese in the country. Based on ethnography, analysis of interview excerpts, and questionnaires, an account of the
attitudes held by Santomeans is provided, showing how different attitudes toward Angolares are intertwined and point toward rural,
creole-speaking Angolares as being the lowest on the social scale of the island. This article demonstrates how attitudes held by
Forros, the dominant ethnolinguistic group on São Tomé Island, as well as by Angolares themselves, may negatively impact the
maintenance of Angolar Creole.
The presence of animals in Jaume Roig’s Espill (1460)
Authors: Llorca Francesc , Martín Llúcia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The subject of this study is the use of animals in Jaume Roig’s Espill, a lengthy discourse on the dangers of love, written in Catalan in about 1460. The author presents a fictional autobiographical story in tetrasyllabic verses in which the main character details his negative experiences with women and encourages a life devoted to contemplation and chastity after having received a lesson from King Solomon in a dream. The antifeminine speech in Espill is presented in short verses and uses satire to exaggerate the deceptiveness of female behaviour. Animal symbolism plays an important role, as women’s negative behaviours are compared with animals often associated with negative characteristics. The traits that bestiaries conferred on each animal are appropriate to antifeminine discourse, and many of the species are mentioned using the female gender. The animals that appear in Espill are not only symbolic but are also taken from daily life and include those used in gastronomy, medicine, and cosmetics. This demonstrates the author’s remarkable familiarity with the environment of the Kingdom of Valencia.
L’animal est proverbial
Authors: Marangoni Alessandra 
Published: March 2022

Résumé
Dans un cadre culturel solidement fondé sur l’imitation de la tradition, que rend pourtant mouvant une langue en évolution rapide, le texte de Guillaume Haudent constitue à la fois un document du savoir ésopique à l’époque humaniste et une expression de la volonté divulgatrice qui règle un tel bagage de connaissances exemplaires. Mettre en langue vulgaire, et donc à la portée d’un public plus vaste, une production ésopique qui circule en latin parmi les savants, signifie l’illustrer à travers des vignettes, multiplier ses enseignements moraux et en venir à prouver la parenté qui existe entre fable et proverbe. Le moyen français, dans sa variété normande, est partie intégrante de ce long et patient travail de popularisation de la fable, moyennant un vers décasyllabique ou octosyllabique qui accompagne de son rythme monotone une vaste entreprise didactique née en marge du circuit libraire parisien-lyonnais.
The expansion of capitalist agricultural production and social reproduction of rural labour: contradictions within the logic of capital accumulation in Mozambique
Authors: Muianga Carlos 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn Mozambique, policy discourses supporting the expansion of large-scale capitalist agriculture have largely focused on its potential to increase agricultural production and productivity. In particular, they have highlighted the potential contribution to rural employment and income, and their impacts on poverty reduction. Yet in focusing narrowly on these dynamics, they have ignored the contradictions of social reproduction of labour often associated with the expansion of capitalist production. This paper explores these contradictions by considering primary and secondary evidence from two contexts of expansion of large-scale capitalist agriculture in Mozambique. It argues that these contradictions have manifested in diverse forms, reflecting the extent to which forms of expansion and (re)organisation of sectors of capitalist agricultural production, and the associated forms of labour exploitation, have affected different spheres of social reproduction of labour in these contexts. Moreover, the paper suggests, they have reproduced more broadly, as the expansion/intensification of the extractive logic of accumulation has compromised ‘alternative’ spaces of social reproduction.
Financialisation, narrow specialisation of production and capital accumulation in Mozambique
Authors: Castel-Branco Carlos Nuno , Maia Diogo 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The article argues that the historical conditions under which national capitalism developed in post-independence Mozambique pushed the economy towards growing financialisation and narrower specialisation of production around increasingly basic and simple activities. In post-independence Mozambique, national capitalism rose from the ashes of state-centred accumulation built around the dominant social structures of production inherited from colonialism, under the impulse of neoliberal economic reforms and heavy dependency on inflows of private international finance. The speculative dynamics of accumulation prevented diversification and more complex industrialisation which, in turn, reinforced the role of financialisation as a means to and form of accumulation of capital. The paper argues that changing these dynamics of accumulation requires conscious industrial strategies focused on diversification and articulation of production, which cannot be achieved without challenging the extractive mode of accumulation and the power relationships associated with it.
Class, politics and dynamic accumulation processes around the Sino-Mozambican rice project in the lower Limpopo, 2005–2014
Authors: Ganho Ana Sofia 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis study levels an international political economy lens at the development of the Sino-Mozambican rice project in the lower Limpopo, by examining how class relations shaped and were shaped by global trends, Chinese resources and Mozambican dynamic accumulation interests. The Sino-Mozambican rice project (2005–2014) is analysed as three projects benefiting different groups, with a focus on producer selection and allocation of means of production, in dialogue with the historical dynamics of agrarian accumulation and the political economy of Mozambique. The paper argues that the project has served the expansionist interests of the ruling capitalist group associated with central government circles, limiting land-based possibilities at province level. In addition, the plan to locally transform small producers into rural capitalists through ‘modern’ Chinese methods has failed to confront the historical interdependence of the commercial and so-called family sectors and the diversity of livelihood sources for the reproduction of food and labour.
Preparation of colloidal nanoparticles PVA-PHEMA from hydrolysis of copolymers of PVAc-PHEMA as anticancer drug carriers
Authors: Shahrousvand Mohsen , Hajikhani Mohsen , Nazari Leila , Aghelinejad Amitis , Shahrousvand Mohammad , Irani Mohammad , Rostami Amir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The novel pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles have been widely used for drug delivery and cancer therapy. The pH-sensitive nanoparticles include chemical structures that can accept or donate protons in response to an environmental pH change. Polybases which mostly contain alkaline groups such as amines and hydroxy, accept protons at low pH and are neutral at higher pH values. This study aimed to prepare pH-sensitive colloidal amphiphilic poly(vinyl alcohol-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PVA-PHEMA) copolymers in cancer therapy applications. For this purpose, poly(vinyl acetate-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PVAc-PHEMA) copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized in different polymerization medium fractions from water and methanol and different monomer feed concentration. Then acetate groups were hydrolyzed, and the PHEMA-PVA nanoparticles were synthesized. The nanoparticles were further characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to identify the structural and morphological changes. The Methotrexate (MTX) was loaded into the nanoparticles, and drug release kinetics were evaluated. The results confirmed that PHEMA-PVA copolymeric nanoparticles could be favorably used in cancer therapy.
Foundations of plasmas for medical applications
Authors: von Woedtke T , Laroussi M , Gherardi M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plasma medicine refers to the application of nonequilibrium plasmas at approximately body temperature, for therapeutic purposes. Nonequilibrium plasmas are weakly ionized gases which contain charged and neutral species and electric fields, and emit radiation, particularly in the visible and ultraviolet range. Medically-relevant cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) sources and devices are usually dielectric barrier discharges and nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jets. Plasma diagnostic methods and modelling approaches are used to characterize the densities and fluxes of active plasma species and their interaction with surrounding matter. In addition to the direct application of plasma onto living tissue, the treatment of liquids like water or physiological saline by a CAP source is performed in order to study specific biological activities. A basic understanding of the interaction between plasma and liquids and bio-interfaces is essential to follow biological plasma effects. Charged species, metastable species, and other atomic and molecular reactive species first produced in the main plasma ignition are transported to the discharge afterglow to finally be exposed to the biological targets. Contact with these liquid-dominated bio-interfaces generates other secondary reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS). Both ROS and RNS possess strong oxidative properties and can trigger redox-related signalling pathways in cells and tissue, leading to various impacts of therapeutic relevance. Dependent on the intensity of plasma exposure, redox balance in cells can be influenced in a way that oxidative eustress leads to stimulation of cellular processes or oxidative distress leads to cell death. Currently, clinical CAP application is realized mainly in wound healing. The use of plasma in cancer treatment (i.e. plasma oncology) is a currently emerging field of research. Future perspectives and challenges in plasma medicine are mainly directed towards the control and optimization of CAP devices, to broaden and establish its medical applications, and to open up new plasma-based therapies in medicine.
Threshold-voltage bias-instability in SiC MOSFETs: effects of stress temperature and level on oxide charge buildup and recovery
Authors: Ghosh Amartya K , Hao Jifa , Cook Michael , Suliman Samia A , Wang Xinyu , Awadelkarim Osama O 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study we performed slow and fast bias temperature instability (BTI) measurements on n-channel silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-SiC field effect transistors. Threshold voltage (V
th) shifts as well as recovery observed during and after stress applied at different temperatures and stress levels were used to understand the dynamics of charge trapping/capture and detrapping/emission at gate oxide defects. It is deduced from the results that no new defects are created by the stress at the levels used in this study and V
th shifts are due to the injected electron capture and trapping at existing oxide border traps. Positive gate-voltage BTI induced V
th shift is observed to follow a power law on stress time with an exponent, n, dependent on stress temperature and level, such that 0.03 ⩽ n ⩽ 0.09. Electron emission and/or defect interactions are found to proceed with a low activation energy of the order of 0.01 eV and are suggested to be responsible for oxide charge reduction and, consequently, V
th recovery.
Improving the reliability of MOS capacitor on 4H-SiC (0001) with phosphorus diffused polysilicon gate
Authors: Wan Caiping , Zhang Yuanhao , Lu Wenhao , Ge Niannian , Ye Tianchun , Xu Hengyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interface states and reliability of 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with thermal gate oxides have been researched widely. Several reports have researched the gate oxide process itself, but the effects of subsequent processes should not be ignored. In this paper, the reliability of thermal gate oxide films followed by polysilicon gate (poly-gate) process, which are widely used in MOSFET manufacture, and Al gates were compared. The poly-gate samples markedly affected the performance measured by time-zero dielectric breakdown and time-dependent dielectric breakdown methods because the phosphorus content diffused during poly-gate formatting; this was especially advantageous in reducing leakage current and improving the charge-to-breakdown (Q
BD). After electronic characteristics measurements, scanning electron microscopy cross-sections were also used to analyze the breakdown mechanism. We observed an intermediate layer between the Al gate and the oxide that may cause the barrier height to be smaller than that of the poly-gate. The Al work function and polysilicon Fermi level determine the gate leakage currents and the resultant gate oxide reliability, whereas the Al2O3 gate sample has a smaller work function offset (0.7 eV) than ideal Al gate and poly-gate samples. The results imply that the reliability of the Al gate samples may be an intrinsic problem.
Ultrafast entanglement switching and singlet–triplet transitions control via structured terahertz pulses
Authors: Wätzel Jonas , Berakdar Jamal , Sherman E Ya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) vector beams with spatially textured polarization are proposed to steer the spin and spatial distributions of two interacting electrons in a quantum dot. We study theoretically the spatiotemporal evolution of the spin and the charge-current densities and quantify the behavior of entanglement by calculating the concurrence. Both aspects are shown to be controllable efficiently and on the picosecond (ps) time scale by the parameters of the driving fields. Analyzing two different materials, GaAs and InGaAs, with different electron g-factors, we study the relationship between the g-factor and type of spin–orbit coupling required to produce efficient interlevel transitions. The results are useful for applications of quantum dots as basic nanoscale hardware elements in quantum information technology and for producing swiftly the appropriate spin and charge currents on demand.
A study on the influence of external magnetic field on Nitrogen RF discharge using Langmuir probe and OES methods
Authors: Mukherjee Atri , Sharma Narayan , Chakraborty M , Saha Pabitra K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the study of the effects of an externally applied magnetic field (0–300 G), in the mode transition as well as in the radial and axial variation of different plasma parameters such as electron density, temperature, etc, in nitrogen RF discharge with the help of an RF compensated Langmuir probe (LP). Also, Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) study is performed in order to have a good understanding of the properties of plasma at different magnetic fields. Data collected from LP shows all three mode transitions (E, H, and W mode) in presence of magnetic fields whereas for no magnetic field only two modes (E and H) are visible. The measured value of electron density by using LP is further verified and compared theoretically using particle and power balance equations. However, the overall density profile attains a higher value for no magnetic field. This rise in overall density at 0 G field is further explained in terms of EEPF plot and OES analysis. The EEPF plot reveals that the number of high energy electrons is reduced with the application of magnetic fields. Also from OES analysis, it is found that the molecular excitations in N2 second positive system [C 3Πu (ν′) → B 3Πg (ν′′)] are increased in the presence of magnetic fields whereas with no magnetic field the ionization peak of N2 first negative system and the molecular dissociation peak at 746.8 nm attains the largest value at a certain power. Plasma density values calculated with the OES method at the different magnetic fields and RF power show a similar trend with respect to the density values obtained from the LP method.