bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin formulation for the Serre–Green–Naghdi equations
Authors: Zefzouf Meriem , Marche Fabien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the construction of a new discontinuous Galerkin discrete formulation to approximate the solution of Serre–Green–Naghdi (SGN) equations in the one‐dimensional horizontal framework. Such equations describe the time evolution of shallow water free surface flows in the fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive asymptotic approximation regime. A new non‐conforming discrete formulation belonging to the family of symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods is introduced to accurately approximate the solutions of the second order elliptic operator occurring in the SGN equations. We show that the corresponding discrete bilinear form enjoys some consistency and coercivity properties, thus ensuring that the corresponding discrete problem is well‐posed. The resulting global discrete formulation is then validated through an extended set of benchmarks, including convergence studies and comparisons with data taken from experiments.
Conformal structure‐preserving schemes for damped‐driven stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative noise
Authors: Song Mingzhan , Song Songhe , Zhang Wei , You Jingwei , Qian Xu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince many physical phenomena are often influenced by dispersive medium, energy compensation and random perturbation, exploring the dynamic behaviors of the damped‐driven stochastic system has becoming a hot topic in mathematical physics in recent years. In this paper, inspired by the stochastic conformal structure, we investigate the geometric numerical integrators for the damped‐driven stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative noise. To preserve the conformal structures of the system, by using symplectic Euler method, implicit midpoint method and Fourier pseudospectral method, we propose three kinds of stochastic conformal schemes satisfying corresponding discrete stochastic multiconformal‐symplectic conservation laws and discrete global/local charge conservation laws. Numerical experiments illustrate the structure‐preserving properties of the proposed schemes, as well as favorable results over traditional nonconformal schemes, which are consistent with our theoretical analysis.
Public Health Insurance and Medical Spending: The Incidence of the ACA Medicaid Expansion
Authors: Shupe Cortnie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the incidence of the cost burden associated with expanding public health insurance to low‐income adults in the context of the Affordable Care Act. Using data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), I exploit exogenous variation in Medicaid eligibility rules across states, income groups and time. I find that public insurance eligibility reduced mean out‐of‐pocket spending by 19.6 percent among targeted households, but it did not causally increase total expenditures among beneficiaries. Rather, Medicaid expansion shifted the burden of payment from eligible households and private insurance (21.5 percent reduction) to taxpayers in the form of public insurance (46.6 percent increase). The efficiency of these public funds can be summarized by a mean Marginal Value of Public Funds of 0.70 in the full sample, 0.99 among households with at least one pre‐existing condition, and 1.26 in states with an above‐median number of public hospitals.
Investigating the Causal Effects of Arts Education
Authors: Bowen Daniel H. , Kisida Brian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is a paucity of research on the causal relationship between arts learning and educational outcomes. Investigating these relationships has become imperative as policymakers increasingly prioritize empirical evidence of educational impacts, which often leads to curriculum narrowing that favors traditionally‐tested subjects. Employing a randomized controlled trial with 42 elementary and middle schools in Houston, Texas, we find that randomly assigning arts educational opportunities reduces disciplinary infractions, improves writing achievement, and increases students’ emotional empathy. Students in elementary schools, which were the primary focus of the program, also experience increases in school engagement, college aspirations, and cognitive empathy. As the first large‐scale randomized control trial of arts learning in an authentic school setting, these findings provide strong evidence that the arts can produce meaningful impacts on students’ academic outcomes and social‐emotional development. Education policymakers should consider these benefits when assessing the role of the arts in schools.
A novel PLA high oxygen barrier multilayer film/foam
Authors: de Souza Claudio Roberto Lima , Feng Jingxing , Olah Andrew , Baer Eric , Mauler Raquel Santos , Wnek Gary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProduction of biopolymer for packaging applications is still a burgeoning demand with the rising environmental concern about pollution due to non‐degradable plastic waste materials. This paper introduces a novel approach, yet a continuous production method, to produce PLA multilayer film/foams structures having 16, 32, and 64 alternating layers which were developed by multilayer coextrusion technique, and the morphology, density, mechanical properties and oxygen transmission of the as‐extruded film/foams were characterized. The lightweight multilayered PLA film/foam has a unique solid/porous alternating horizontal architecture, in which the film layers can effectively control the growth of the cells and suppress the premature rupture of cells during coextrusion process. Tensile properties at elevated temperatures of the PLA film/foam were used to optimize thermoforming conditions. The effects of annealing temperature and time on the crystallinity and oxygen permeability of PLA multilayer film/foams were investigated. Oxygen transmission showed a strong correlation with the crystallinity of PLA multilayer film/foam. The material with 32 layers 50/50 film/foam achieved extremely high barrier after 30 min annealing, which is 35 times better than the control.
Perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia: A case‐control study
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo III , Gudu Wondimu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia accounts for 10–15% maternal deaths globally, corresponding to 50,000 annual maternal deaths. Twin pregnancy is a known risk factor for preeclampsia; however, there is inadequate data on the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. This paper studied the perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) from September 1, 2016 till August 31, 2018. A total of 173 twin deliveries (63 preeclampsia cases and 110 normotensive controls) were included in the study and the primary outcome was the frequency of preterm delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and statistical test of association was done using chi‐square test for categorical data. Variables with p value of <0.2 on bivariate analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. p value <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe frequency of preterm birth was 61.9% in the preeclampsia group and 33.6% in the normotensive group, p < 0.001. Preeclampsia group were 2.58 times more likely to have preterm delivery compared to matched normotensive controls [adjusted OR = 2.58, 95% CI (1.24 – 5.35), p = 0.01]. There was no difference in the rate of adverse neonatal outcome (respiratory distress syndrome, early neonatal death, and Low Apgar score) between the groups.ConclusionsIn this study, twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia were found to have an increased rate of preterm birth compared to matched controls without hypertension.
Estimating the benefit of Doppler wind lidars for short‐term low‐level wind ensemble forecasts
Authors: Nomokonova Tatiana , Griewank Philipp J. , Löhnert Ulrich , Miyoshi Takemasa , Necker Tobias , Weissmann Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work focuses on the potential of a network of Doppler lidars for the improvement of short‐term forecasts of low‐level wind. For the impact assessment, we developed a new methodology that is based on ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA). In contrast to preceding network design studies using ESA, we calculate the explicit sensitivity including the inverse of the background covariance matrix to account directly for the localization scale of the assimilation system. The new method is applied to a pre‐existing convective‐scale 1,000‐member ensemble simulation to mitigate effects of spurious correlations. We evaluate relative changes in the variance of a forecast metric, that is, the low‐level wind components averaged over the Rhein–Ruhr metropolitan area in Germany. This setup allows us to compare the relative variance change associated with the assimilation of hypothetical observations from a Doppler wind lidar with respect to the assimilation of surface‐wind observations only. Furthermore, we assess sensitivities of derived variance changes to a number of settings, namely observation errors, localization length scale, regularization factor, number of instruments in the network, and their location, as well as data availability of the lidar measurements. Our results demonstrate that a network of 20–30 Doppler lidars leads to a considerable variance reduction of the forecast metric chosen. On average, an additional network of 25 Doppler lidars can reduce the 1–3 hr forecast error by a factor of 1.6–3.3 with respect to 10‐m wind observations only. The results provide the basis for designing an operational network of Doppler lidars for the improvement of short‐term low‐level wind forecasts that could be especially valuable for the renewable energy sector.
QuantumMonte Carlo: Reduction of time‐step error with the wave function correction method
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Anderson James B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe compare the accuracy and precision of the wave function correction method to that of traditional diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (traditional DQMC) simulations. Direct calculation of corrections to trial wave functions reduces time step error for Be and Ne electronic ground state energies when compared to traditional DQMC results. The fixed‐node method is utilized for these fermionic systems, so error due to incorrect node locations is not addressed. This correction DQMC method achieves more accurate energies at larger time steps, promising decreased computational cost to reach a given accuracy. For an optimized Be trial wave function, the statistical uncertainty per unit of computational effort is also reduced relative to traditional DQMC. Correction DQMC utilizes walker feed integrals and growth factors, as reported previously. We illustrate the method in a simple harmonic oscillator example, and we report high accuracy energies for Be and Ne at several time steps.
Modelling spatial and temporal variability of water temperature across six rivers in Western Canada
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Pesklevits Jennifer C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasing river water temperature in response to the warming climate is concerning for water quality and ecosystem health of rivers. This study provides an assessment of the spatio‐temporal variability of the ongoing and potential future river water temperature (Tw) change in western Canada. We use the air2stream model to reconstruct historical Tw dataset for 17 stations across six rivers, and employ the reconstructed Tw to analyze hydro‐climatic controls, trends, and sensitivities in relation to air temperature (Ta) and discharge. Results provide insights on the contrasting summer (July and August) Tw responses. While Tw is primarily Ta controlled for the northern rivers, discharge exerts increasing influence that approaches Ta control for the southern rivers. Trends in Tw are increasing and spatially varied, with significant increases and occurrences above the critical 18 and 20°C thresholds for the southern Fraser and Similkameen Rivers. A sensitivity analysis indicated 0.5–1.5°C Tw increases for a 2.0°C Ta increase, and 0.2–0.6°C Tw increases for a 20% summer discharge decline. Overall, the results provide critical information for understanding the river ecosystem health, such as cold‐water species habitat.
High resolution spatiotemporal patterns of flow at the landscape scale in montane non‐perennial streams
Authors: Sabathier Romy , Singer Michael Bliss , Stella John C. , Roberts Dar A. , Caylor Kelly K. , Jaeger Kristin L. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntermittent and ephemeral streams in dryland environments support diverse assemblages of aquatic and terrestrial life. Understanding when and where water flows provide insights into the availability of water, its response to external controlling factors, and potential sensitivity to climate change and a host of human activities. Knowledge regarding the timing of drying/wetting cycles can also be useful to map critical habitats for species and ecosystems that rely on these temporary water sources. However, identifying the locations and monitoring the timing of streamflow and channel sediment moisture remains a challenging endeavor. In this paper, we analyzed daily conductivity from 37 sensors distributed along 10 streams across an arid mountain front in Arizona (United States) to assess spatiotemporal patterns in flow permanence, defined as the timing and extent of water in streams. Conductivity sensors provide information on surface flow and sediment moisture, supporting a stream classification based on seasonal flow dynamics. Our results provide insight into flow responses to seasonal rainfall, highlighting stream reaches very reactive to rainfall versus those demonstrating more stable streamflow. The strength of stream responses to precipitation are explored in the context of surficial geology. In summary, conductivity data can be used to map potential stream habitat for water‐dependent species in both space and time, while also providing the basis upon which sensitivity to ongoing climate change can be evaluated.
Assessment of meander‐bend migration of a major distributary of the Ganges River within Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdoush Jannatul , Biswas Subir , Mondal M. Shahjahan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Arial Khan is an important distributary river of the Ganges River within Bangladesh. The river is meandering, and channel shifting and bend migration are common. This study investigates the bend‐scale morphology of 37 characteristic bends of the river using Landsat imageries, river bathymetries, and hydrological data. The morphological changes of the river are correlated with the temporal shifting of its offtake, which in turn is linked to the dynamic behavior of the river in terms of sinuosity, bend geometry, and bend migration. Alterations in the offtake location, bed elevation, and in‐front bar formation are found to control the flow to the river. The sinuosity varies from 1.62 to 1.95 and is linked to the shifting of its offtake. The lifetimes of the bends increase from upstream to downstream with an average lifetime of 24 years. The radii of the bends vary from upper to lower reaches with an average radius of 921 m. The upper reach is more migration prone, and its average migration rate (108 m/year) is more than twice the other two reaches. A higher migration rate of 70–80 m/year is found for the river during 1981–1999 compared to the rates of 45–50 m/year for the rest of the study periods (1972–2021). An envelope curve depicting the relation between the relative curvature of a bend and its migration rate for the river is also developed. The overall morphology from 1972 to 2021 indicates that a significant increase in sinuosity and a reduction in river width and aspect ratio have occurred. The migration rate has declined slightly and the frequency of bend cutoffs has reduced notably in recent years. Nonetheless, due to the high rates of migration, there exists potential future threat to riverbank erosion in some critical bends, and hence damages to land, property, structure, and project on the vulnerable banks.
Diversity and emergence of new variants of African swine fever virus Genotype I circulating in domestic pigs in Nigeria (2016–2018)
Authors: Masembe C. , Adedeji A. J. , Jambol A. R. , Weka R. , Muwanika V. , Luka P. D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is the most lethal disease of pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV) with severe economic implications and threat to the swine industry in endemic countries. Between 2016 and 2018, several ASF outbreaks were reported throughout pig producing states in Nigeria.ObjectivesThereafter, this study was designed to identify the ASFV genotypes responsible for these outbreaks within the study period (2016–2018).MethodsTwenty‐two ASFV‐positive samples by polymerase chain reaction were selected. The samples were collected during passive surveillance in eight states of Nigeria were characterised using 3 partial genes sequences of the virus namely, p72 capsid protein of the B646L, p54 envelope protein of E183L and the central variable region (CVR) within B602L of ASFV.ResultsPhylogenetic and sequences analysis based on p72 and p54 revealed ASFV genotype I as the circulating virus. Sequence analysis of the CVR of B602L revealed genetic variations with six ASFV tandem repeat sequence (TRS) variants namely, Tet‐15, Tet‐20a, Tet‐21b, Tet‐27, Tet‐31 and Tet‐34, thus increasing the overall genetic diversity of ASFV in Nigeria. Three of the TRS variants, Tet‐21b, Tet‐31 and Tet‐34, were identified for the first time in Nigeria. The new TRS variants of ASFV genotype I were identified in Enugu, Imo, Plateau and Taraba states, while co‐circulation of multiple variants of ASFV genotype I was recorded in Plateau and Benue states.ConclusionsThe high genetic diversity, emergence and increasing recovery of new variants of genotype I in Nigeria should be a concern given that ASFV is a relatively stable DNA virus. The epidemiological implications of these findings require further investigation.
Epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma in a Javan silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus) and attempted treatment with masitinib
Authors: Leclerc Antoine , Lemberger Karin , Niphuis Henk , Pin Didier , Mulot Baptiste 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 14‐month‐old, female Javan silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus) was presented for inguinal circular, erythematous, crusty dermatitis. The animal was bright and alert, and appetite was good. Lesions progressed to the whole abdomen and became ulcerative. Skin biopsies revealed a cutaneous lymphoma and no metastases were detected on computed tomography scan. Anti‐tumoral treatment was attempted with masitinib (50 mg orally every 48 hours), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In the absence of improvement of the lesions, as treatment was well tolerated, masitinib dose was increased to 50 mg orally once a day. Effect on the lesions was minimal, clinical condition worsened and the animal died 9 months after initial presentation. Postmortem examination and histopathology confirmed multicentric epitheliotropic CD3+ cutaneous lymphoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous lymphoma in a langur, and the first attempt of treatment with masitinib in a non‐human primate species. Despite poor response, masitinib treatment appeared safe.
Aspekte entscheidungstheoretischer Grundlagen im Rahmen von Effectuation
Authors: Sterzel Martin 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEffectuation erweitert das Gebiet entscheidungstheoretischer Konzepte und versucht sich von bisherigen Ansätzen, wie beispielsweise dem bayesschen Schließen, abzugrenzen. Im Rahmen des Kapitels wird Sarasvathy’s Interpretation des bayesschen Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriffs unter Zuhilfenahme der Bildung eines Wahrscheinlichkeitsraumes mathematisch formalisiert. Darüber hinaus werden Ansätze des maschinellen Lernens im Kontext von Effectuation erarbeitet, die über die bisher in der Literatur zu findenden Ausführungen hinausgehen. Sie stellen die Grundlage für das in der Arbeit entwickelte effektuative Entscheidungsmodell dar.
Evaluierung bestehender Modellierungs- und Simulationsansätze im Kontext von Effectuation
Authors: Sterzel Martin 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Auseinandersetzung mit bestehenden Konzepten zur Modellierung von Effectuation dient einerseits einer Annäherung an die Forschungsfrage und andererseits der methodischen Aufarbeitung der Ansätze. Die in diesem Kapitel behandelten Simulationsmodelle werden zunächst beschreibend dargestellt und deren Wirkungsweisen im Kontext des realen entrepreneurialen Phänomens rläutert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgen die Verifikation sowie mathematische Formalisierung und Modellierung. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse der bestehenden Studien kritisch evaluiert und mit den aus replizierten Implementierungen gewonnenen Ergebnissen verglichen.
Forschungsmethodik
Authors: Sterzel Martin 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungZur algorithmischen Interpretation von Effectuation kommen Ansätze agentenbasierter Modellierung zum Einsatz. Zur Abbildung effektuativen Lernens werden Methoden des Reinforcement Learnings zur Anwendung gebracht. Anhand einer protypischen Gründungssituation wird ein Zustandsraum gebildet, der als Lernumgebung des effektuativen Agenten dient. Durch Modellierung einer Belohnungsfunktion erhält der entrepreneuriale Agent die Möglichkeit Effectuation zu erlernen. Die Verwendung des Q-Learning-Algorithmus als Lernstrategie erlaubt die Modellierung der Kernelemente des entrepreneurialen Problemraums.
The holography of duality in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Bergman Oren , Hirano Shinji 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The space of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories exhibits an intricate structure of global one-form symmetries and SL(2, ℤ) duality orbits. In this paper we study this structure from the point of view of the holographic dual Type IIB string theory. Generalizing work by Witten, we map the different theories based on the gauge algebras su(N), so(N), and sp(N) to a choice of boundary conditions on bulk gauge fields. We show how the one-form symmetries and their anomalies, as well as the duality properties of the gauge theories, arise in the holographic picture. Along the way we prove that the number of disjoint SL(2, ℤ) duality orbits for the su(N) theories is given by the number of square divisors of N.