bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma as a therapy for SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Choudhuri Anirban Hom , Duggal Sakshi , Singh Jotika , Biswas Partha Sarathi 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
The safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) in SARS-CoV-2 is promising but intriguing due to heterogeneity of published studies. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of convalescent plasma use in COVID-19 to identify its safety and efficacy.

Material and Methods:
We comprehensively searched the databases - PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for journal papers published between December 2019 and January 2021 about the use of CPT in SARS-CoV-2, and performed a meta-analysis using random effects models and assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results:
Of 1529 records, 11 studies were eligible (five RCTs, two nonrandomized intervention trials, three prospective observational, and one retrospective), and all were conducted in confirmed patients of SARS-CoV-2. Out of the 11 studies, four investigated the effect of CPT on mortality, three on symptom alleviation, five on duration of hospital stay, four on time to discharge, three on the effect on viral clearance, three on the improvement in antibody titers, two on oxygen requirement, and two on adverse events. The pooled estimate for relative risk of death from SARS-CoV-2 was no different after CPT than control (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.10), (p = 0.426) but the relative risk of clinical improvement of symptoms was better after CPT (RR: 1.61, 95% CI: 0.97. 2.70). There was earlier hospital discharge after CPT over control (RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.79, 2.80), improved viral clearance (RR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.53), and quicker detection of antibody titer (RR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.53). No difference was observed for adverse effects between CPT and control (RR: 0.92.; 95% CI: 0.63 1.35).

Conclusion:
CPT appears to be a safe and promising treatment in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 leading to faster clinical improvement, reduced oxygen requirement, early hospital discharge, and quicker emergence of protective antibodies despite having no mortality benefit.
Relationship of anemia with COVID-19 deaths: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Jha Manish , Tak M.L. , Gupta Rashmi , Sharma Priyamvada , Rajpurohit Vikas , Mathur Prachi , Gaur Nayanika 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
With the second wave of COVID-19, India lost close to three lakh people within the span of a few months. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of anemia on the severity of COVID-19 based on the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the patients noted at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), to mark Hb as a prognostic marker of disease severity for the future.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective data was collected from 784 patients admitted to the COVID adult ICU between March and June 2021. Patients were identified as anemic and non-anemic based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Chi-squared test was applied to see the relationship of anemia with the patient deaths.

Results:
Among the 784 patients, 507 succumbed to COVID-19. Of these, 49.3% had varying degrees of anemia. Significant correlation of anemia with death due to COVID-19 was found in males and females (P = 0.002106 and P = 0.033071, respectively) and in patients without any other comorbidities except anemia (P = 0.002020). This suggests that anemia is independently an important parameter that plays a role in severity of COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Upon observing a significant correlation between anemia and COVID-19 severity, it can be stated that anemia should be considered as an independent prognostic risk factor for COVID-19 and that hemoglobin can be used for risk stratification in patients under home or hospital care.
Comparison of Prevalence of Psychological Morbidities, Associated Factors, and Coping Styles between Pre/Para-Clinical and Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Garg Sunny , Lamba Sonika , Rawal Manoj , Singh Sanjeet , Kumar Lalit , Bansal Kirti 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Psychological morbidities are high among undergraduate medical students. They experience the transition between pre/para-clinical and clinical training as a stressful period, and cope differently. Research from India in this regard is lacking.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of psychological morbidities, associated factors, and coping styles between pre/para-clinical and clinical undergraduate medical students.

Materials and Methods:
This institution-based cross-sectional observational design study was conducted among pre/para-clinical and clinical group of undergraduate medical students (a total of 382) by using a questionnaire in the period between April and June 2021. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The survey included standard self-administered questionnaires like general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and Lin-Chen's coping inventory to assess psychological morbidities and coping styles, respectively. Associated factors for psychological morbidities, and coping styles between two groups were compared using chi-square test, independent t test, and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Of the 382 responders, psychological morbidities (GHQ-28 score >23) were found in 61% of participants. Both groups reported a high level, a slightly higher preponderance in clinical (61.5%) than pre/para-clinical students (60.6%), and with nonsignificant difference of psychological morbidities. Compared to pre/para-clinical group, clinical group was found to have more substance consumption behavior (P < 0.001), dissatisfaction with academic performance (P < 0.001), sought psychiatric consultation (P < 0.05), and currently on psychiatric treatment (P < 0.05). Overall, coping was found to be average and good among the participants. Active problem coping behavior was more significantly used by pre/para-clinical group, whereas passive problem coping and passive emotional coping behavior were positively significantly correlated with psychological morbidities in the clinical group.

Conclusions:
This study established a significant correlation between psychological morbidities and passive coping styles in the clinical group. These students need interventions to encourage the use of more active coping styles during the training to provide advances in future career. A strong correlation with dissatisfied academic performance may be a call for an efficient and more student-friendly curriculum.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes among Pregnant Women's Towards Folic Acid Intake During Pregnancy in a Sample of Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Babylon Province
Authors: Sadiq Zahraa A. , Hussein Hanan K. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Folic acid (vitamin B9) is one of the important vitamins required for embryonic growth and development, as well as preventing the occurrence of congenital malformations, which are a major health concern in developing countries and around the world because they have a direct impact on the affected babies, their families, and the community.

Objectives:
To assess the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women toward folic acid intake throughout pregnancy in a sample of women in Babylon Governorate and to assess the association of knowledge, attitude of folic acid with certain sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics.

Methods:
A cross-sectional interview-based study targeting a convenient sample of 265 pregnant women who attended antenatal care unit of five PHCCs in Babylon Governorate/Iraq during a period of three months (from April 1 to July 1, 2021). The respondents were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire, that includes data related to sociodemographic and obstetric history, seven questions related to pregnants’ knowledge, and five questions related to pregnant attitudes toward the importance of folic acid intake during pregnancy. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 26.

Results:
265 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The result found that the mean (±standard deviation) age was 26.5 (±5.7) years where 58.1% (154) of women were in the age group of 20–29 years and two-third of participants were a resident in urban areas. In addition, 54.5% (144) of women had college and postgraduate education, housewives consisted 51% (134) of the sample, and 45 were employed; only 26 (9.8%) pregnant women were not hearing about folic acid intake during pregnancy. The major source of hearing was doctors. 44.8% (107) of participants had fair level of knowledge; knowledge score was significantly associated with age, residency, and occupation of pregnant women (P ≤ 0.05); knowledge score had no significant association with educational level, parity, history of abortion and stillbirth, or having children with congenital anomalies. 75 (31.4%) mothers had negative attitude toward using folic acid during pregnancy. Pregnant attitude toward folic acid supplements had no association with sociodemographic and obstetrical history. There was a positive moderate linear correlation between the mother's knowledge and attitude (r = 0.36, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The study found that pregnant women had a fair and good knowledge about using folic acid during pregnancy. In addition, most pregnant women have a positive attitude.
Influence of Oral Bisphosphonate on Dental Implant
Authors: Al-Noaman Ahmed Salah 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are medications employed widely in the management of metabolic bone diseases. Dental implants are new therapy for replacement of missing teeth depend on the osseointegration process. There is a considerable debate on the effect of oral BPs on the osseointegration process and subsequently on the success rate of dental implant and development of BRNOJ.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to revise literatures on the effect of oral (BPs) on the success rate of dental implants and the development of BPs-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, google scholar, Scopus database, and manual search were performed to find out articles on the effect of oral BPs on dental implant outcome and development of BRNOJ.

Results:
twelve articles were found six retrospective studies, one prospective studies, two case control studies and one case series discussing the effect of oral BPs on success rate of dental implant and development of BRNOJ.

Conclusion:
the majority of patients were osteoporotic females and treated with oral BPs. Oral BPs have little, if any, influence on success rate of dental implant and there is no conclusive evidence on BRNOJ-related oral BPs in implanted patients. Patients on BPs and received implant therapy should be cautioned on developing BRNOJ and followed-up for long time period.
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Mohamed Dilshad Abdullah , Alatroshi Akram Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:
Neonatal sepsis is the main health problem that is accountable for about 30–50% of the overall neonatal mortality in the developing nations. Nurses can provide a straight care and have the ability to impact on neonate's outcomes, so that teaching nurses about sepsis is measured essential to improve neonates’ care, safety, and outcomes. The present study intends to increase the nursing knowledge regarding neonatal sepsis in Heevi Pediatric and Maternity Hospitals ICU departments.

Materials and Methods:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Heevi Pediatric and Maternity Hospitals from October 15, 2020 to January 20, 2021. The study included two groups: the control group (27 nurses) from Heevi Pediatric Hospital and the interventional group (25 nurses) from Maternity Hospital. The data were collected through the use of a questionnaire prepared in English and translated into Arabic and Kurdish. Its first part was concerned with demographic characteristics of the nurses, and the second part assessed their knowledge before and after implementation of the educational program regarding neonates with sepsis using a scoring system. The statistical calculations were performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 25 (SPSS 25; IBM Corp.; USA). The ethical approval of the current intervention was obtained from the research Ethics Committee of Directorate of Health.

Results:
The pre-assessment of the outcomes showed that the control and experimental groups were comparable in knowledge score (P = 0.0931), whereas the post-assessment of the outcomes has showed a highly significant improvement in the experimental knowledge score in comparison to the control group (P ≤ 0.0001). The control and experimental groups were comparable in knowledge (awareness), and this comparability is highly significant in the interventional group (P < 0.0001), but in the control group, there is also a noticeable progress as P = 0.0014. The nurses were comparable in the different educational groups regarding nurses’ educational levels and their awareness of neonatal sepsis (P = 0.9737). The nurses were comparable in the experimental group with their age (P = 0.3410), experience in working in neonatal intensive care units (P = 0.3744), and the training courses the nurses shared (P = 0.49546). In the control group unit, the maximum score of nurses’ knowledge was 20 and the minimum score was 9. Whereas in the interventional group, the maximum score was 17 and the minimum score was 11. After application of the program to the interventional group, the score was as follows: in the control group, the maximum and minimum scores were 21 and 11, whereas in the interventional group, the scores were 24 and 19, respectively.

Conclusion:
The educational program was effective in increasing the nurses’ knowledge regarding neonatal sepsis care.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Leaf on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Wistar rats
Authors: Ehimigbai R. O. A , Imariebe P. 
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimumon enzymatic antioxidants and renal function in carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty-five (25) adult Wistar rats were involved in this study. They were randomly assigned into five (5) groups of five (5) animals each, as follows: Group A received 1 ml of distilled water daily, Group B received 1.5 ml/kg of olive oiltwice a week for 15 days, Group C received 250 mg/kg of Ocimum gratissimum aqueous leaf extract daily, Group D received 1.5 ml/kg of carbon tetrachloride and olive oil (1:1 v/v), twice a week for 15 days, while Group E received 1.5 ml/kg ofcarbon tetrachloride and olive oil (1:1 v/v), twice a week for 15 days+ 250 mg/kg of Ocimum gratissimum aqueous leaf extract, daily. The extract was administered by orogastric tube, while olive oil and carbon tetrachloride were administered by intraperitoneal injection. Renal function markers (creatinine and urea), and malondialdehyde were assayed in plasma and tissue homogenate, respectively, using standard methods. Obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS statistics software (Statistical Package for Social Science) (Version 25) and relevant statistical values were analyzed. Results showed that the intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride together with olive oil significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of urea and creatinine, and a similar outcome was observed in malondialdehyde levels. The administration of Ocimum gratissimum ensured a reversal of these levels to those comparable with the control. This demonstrates that aqueous leaf extract Ocimum gratissimum has the potential to manage carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity.
The Archaic Mind in the Second Sex: Feminism and Authenticity
Authors: Alok kumar  
Published: July 2022

Simone de Beauvoir’s ground breaking work, The Second Sex, is not just a key text for feminism but also a profound work in philosophical anthropology which explores human consciousness in its rudimentary stages. Beauvoir derives her conclusions regarding feminism from these explorations into the archaic mind. Georges Bataille was another key French thinker whose abiding interests in religion and eroticism led him to investigate the primitive operations of the human mind. In this paper, Beauvoir’s foundational ideas in feminism are interpreted in light of Bataille’s views about the nature of primeval consciousness and the result is a bridging of certain gaps in The Second Sex.
Application of the Classification Algorithms on the Prediction of Student’s Academic Performance
Authors: Ghosh Sourav Kumar , Janan Farhatul , Ahmad Ishtiyaque 
Published: July 2022

Measuring student performance based on both qualitative and quantitative factors is essential because many undergraduate students could not be able to complete their degree in the recent past. The first-year result of a student is very important because in the majority of cases this drives the students to be either motivated or demotivated. So, the first-year student performance of a renowned university in Bangladesh is investigated in this paper. This research is mainly based on finding the factors for students’ different types of results and then predicting students’ performance based on those 11 significant factors. For this purpose, 2 popular supervised machine learning algorithms have been used for classifying students’ different levels of results and predicting students’ performances, those are support vector machines (SVM) classifier and random forest classifier (RFC) which are tremendously used in classification and regression analysis. The input dataset for both training and testing were taken by merging the values obtained from 2 surveys done on students and experts using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS). RF has outperformed SVM in predicting students’ performances. According to factor analysis, students’ effort (Factor-11) is the significant factor. This proposed model can also be applied to predict course-wise students’ performances and its precision can also be greatly improved by adding new factors.
HIGHLIGHTS

Identify the significant factors responsible for students’ different levels of performances
Apply two machine learning algorithms to classify students’ results based on the factors
Analyze the results obtained from the methods
Compare the accuracy, and find the top five factors responsible for students’ academic results
Adaptation of Blockchain using Ethereum and IPFS for Fog based E-Healthcare Activity Recognition System
Authors: Kodavali Lakshmi Narayana , Kuppuswamy Sathiyamurthy 
Published: July 2022

The cloud storage is far away from us and it is not capable of handling huge bandwidth data due to network latency. The goal of the Fog computing is to decrease the data that needs to be transferred to the cloud for data processing and to increase the efficiency. Fog computing improves the QoS and also reduces network bandwidth. All machine learning algorithm performances are dependent on the quality of the training data. If the training data is inadequate or it is modified by attackers, then the machine learning algorithm will miss predict and may give invalid results. In order to avoid modification of training data, it is preferable to store it in Blockchain. Blockchain is a decentralized model and its data structure is practically difficult to forge, hence it has attracted both industry and research now-a-days. Proposed system uses Ethereum platform to implement Blockchain. Ethereum allows users to create and run decentralized applications (DApps) to make agreements and to conduct transactions directly with each other without any third party by making use of smart contracts. Blockchain is convenient to store only a small amount of data, hence alternative solution to store large amount of data, for example in healthcare, in Blockchain is possible with the help of IPFS (Interplanetary File System). In e-healthcare applications, Activity Recognition System (ARS) is the most significant undertaking in remote checking of patients experiencing physical medical issues for taking quick action. Hence this paper, especially concentrate on the overall framework of the e-healthcare ARS and implementation of Blockchain to store e-healthcare training data to avoid forging, ultimately which improves ARS results. Our implementation results also show that constant and less transaction fee required to store into Blockchain irrespective of size of training data with help of IPFS and also proved transaction throughput increases and network delay decreases with help of IPFS.
HIGHLIGHTS

All machine learning algorithm performances are dependent on the quality of the training data. If the training data is inadequate or it is modified by attackers, then the machine learning algorithm will miss predict and may give invalid results
To avoid modification of training data, it is preferable to store it in Blockchain. Blockchain is a decentralized model, and its data structure is practically difficult to forge
Proposed system uses Ethereum platform and IPFS to implement Blockchain using smart contracts for health care applications
Our implementation results also show that constant and less transaction fee required to store into Blockchain irrespective of size of training data with help of IPFS, and proved transaction throughput increases and network delay decreases with help of IPFS

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Etkileşimli Ders Formu ile Etkili Ders Tasarımı: Sürekli İyileştirme Örneği
Authors: SEREN İNTEPELER Şeyda , ONAY Taner 
Published: July 2022

Covid-19 pandemisi hemşirelik eğitiminde kullanılan eğitim yöntemlerinden, eğitimin ölçmedeğerlendirme sürecine kadar geniş bir alanda bazı değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu değişimi gerçekleştirmek için Etkileşimli Ders Tasarım Formları kullanılabilmektedir. Çalışmada, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi eğitici eğitimleri kapsamında düzenlenen etkileşimli ders tasarımı eğitimi ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi, devamında etkileşimli ders tasarımlarının oluşturulması, kullanılması ve sonrasında sonuçlarının paylaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Sürekli iyileştirmeyi desteklemek amaçlı 10-11 Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında iki tam günlük tüm öğretim elemanlarının katılımı (n:66) ile eğitici eğitimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eğitici eğitiminin çalıştay bölümünde öğretim elemanlarının kendi belirledikleri dersleri etkileşimli ders tasarım formu ile yeniden tasarlamaları istenmiştir. Öğretim elemanlarının %84’ü eğitimin açık ve anlaşılır, %82’si eğitim içeriğinin hedefleriyle uyumlu, %90’ı eğiticilerin konuya hâkim, %64’ü eğitim süresinin yeterli ve %82’si mesleki gelişimine katkısı olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Oluşturulan Etkileşimli Ders Tasarım Formları dönem içinde kullanıldıktan sonra, öğretim elemanlarından sözel ve yazılı alınan geribildirimlerde etkileşimli ders tasarım formları ile derslerde zaman yönetiminin sağlandığı, memnuniyetin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak öğretim elemanları dersleri yeniden tasarlama sürecinde zorlandıklarını ve sürekli destek verilmesine gereksinim duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Öğrencilerin geribildirimlerinden, derslerin etkileşim odaklı tasarımından dolayı memnun oldukları ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde etkileşimli derslerin daha fazla yapılması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile etkileşimli ders tasarım formunun hemşire eğiticiler tarafından derslerin etkin ve etkili hale getirilmesinde bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Amifampridine Phosphate (Firdapse)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: July 2022

CADTH recommends that Firdapse be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) only if certain conditions are met.
Firdapse should only be covered to treat patients who are 18 years of age and older and have LEMS.
Firdapse should only be reimbursed if the patient is under the care of a neurologist with expertise in managing LEMS and if the price of Firdapse is reduced.