bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Oxidising Conditions in Volatile-Rich El Hierro Magmas: Implications for Ocean Island Magmatism
Authors: Taracsák Zoltán , Longpré Marc-Antoine , Tartèse Romain , Burgess Ray , Edmonds Marie , Hartley Margaret E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent studies investigating magmatic volatile contents indicate widespread enrichment of carbon, sulfur, and halogens in ocean island basalts (OIBs). At El Hierro in the Western Canary Islands, magmas with exceptionally high CO2 and S contents have been erupting throughout the Holocene. High S content of up to 5200 ppm requires an oxidised mantle source, but estimates of initial magmatic oxygen fugacity (fO2) are sparse. Here, we present estimates of fO2 and magmatic temperature for El Hierro together with a global mantle potential temperature dataset to evaluate redox and temperature conditions in the early stages of melt evolution for volatile-rich OIBs. Oxygen fugacities calculated using vanadium partitioning between melt inclusions (MIs) and their olivine hosts are &gt;FMQ + 2.9 (2.9 log10 units above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer), indicating that El Hierro magmas are highly oxidised. MI and matrix glass sulfur speciation data record fO2 between FMQ-1 to FMQ + 2; these values strongly depend on the position of the S2− to S6+ transition relative to the FMQ buffer. Nonetheless, glass sulfur speciation data record lower oxygen fugacity than V partitioning data, indicating MIs were able to maintain Fe3+/ΣFe and S6+/ΣS equilibrium with the surrounding melt during their evolution. The high fO2 of El Hierro magmas is coupled with an average mantle potential temperature estimate of 1443 ± 66°C (1σ, n = 17) for the broader Canary Islands, which is slightly higher than the average potential temperature estimated for adjacent mid-ocean ridge segments (1427 ± 33°C, 1σ, n = 474), albeit the two values are well within error. We find that ~98% of Canary Island rock compositions are not suitable for calculation of mantle potential temperatures using currently available methods. This is caused by the presence of substantial pyroxenite and volatile-enriched peridotite mantle domains under the Canary Islands. A wider compositional calibration of various petrological models is necessary to precisely determine mantle potential temperatures for volatile-rich alkali basalts. Our high oxygen fugacity estimates for El Hierro magmas reflect the fertile, fusible, and volatile-enriched nature of the mantle source beneath the Western Canary Islands.
miR2105 and the kinase OsSAPK10 co-regulate OsbZIP86 to mediate drought-induced ABA biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Li Mingkang , Yang Songguang , Gao Chunzhi , Su Yan , Zeng Xuan , Jiao Zhengli , Xu Weijuan , Zhang Mingyong , Xia Kuaifei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mediating induced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis is important for enhancing plant stress tolerance. Here, we found that rice (Oryza sativa L.) osa–miR2105 (miR2105) and the Stress/ABA-activated protein kinase (OsSAPK10) coordinately regulate the rice basic region-leucine zipper transcription factor (bZIP TF; OsbZIP86) at the posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels to control drought-induced ABA biosynthesis via modulation of rice 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (OsNCED3) expression. OsbZIP86 expression is regulated by miR2105-directed cleavage of the OsbZIP86 mRNA. OsbZIP86 encodes a nuclear TF that binds to the promoter of the ABA biosynthetic gene OsNCED3. OsSAPK10 can phosphorylate and activate OsbZIP86 to enhance the expression of OsNCED3. Under normal growth conditions, altered expression of miR2105 and OsbZIP86 displayed no substantial effect on rice growth. However, under drought conditions, miR2105 knockdown or OsbZIP86 overexpression transgenic rice plants showed higher ABA content, enhanced tolerance to drought, lower rates of water loss, and more stomatal closure of seedlings, compared with wild-type rice Zhonghua 11; in contrast, miR2105 overexpression, OsbZIP86 downregulation, and OsbZIP86 knockout plants displayed opposite phenotypes. Collectively, our results show that the “miR2105-(OsSAPK10)-OsbZIP86-OsNCED3” module regulates the drought-induced ABA biosynthesis without penalty on rice growth under normal conditions, suggesting candidates for improving drought tolerance in rice.
Influencing Police and Community Relations in Abu Dhabi with a Soft Power Approach during COVID-19
Authors: Al Hanaee Mohamed , Davies Amanda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Soft power policing is emerging as the policing catch phrase in 2021 in part arising from multiple police–community relations challenges gaining an increasing public focus globally. This article presents the soft power approach to policing engaged by Abu Dhabi police pre- and during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the underpinning strategies and initiatives deployed to sustain community trust and confidence levels in Abu Dhabi Police. A review of global indexes promotes Abu Dhabi Police as a world leader in police–community relations, an achievement sustained throughout the COVID-19 global crisis. This research explores the ways in which achievements are impacted by a sustained and an all-encompassing policing approach that places soft power at the centre of police and community relations.
Police Officer Responses to Deadly Encounters with the Public: Understanding Situational Characteristics that Impact Decision-Making
Authors: Cook Ryan , Summers Diana , Paulk Rachel , Kirsch Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the USA, police officer–citizen encounters are routine, and while rare, high-profile shootings underscore the acute strains that exist between the police and communities when force is inappropriately applied. This collaborative partnership explored the situational contexts that impact officer decision-making in deadly force encounters in order to inform training and practice initiatives. In this study, we analysed 39 officers’ responses to 233 simulated encounters with the public using a firearms training system. We coded participants’ performance into one of the five possible outcomes (pass, missed target, suspect shot first, shot victim, and shot too soon). The most commonly occurring outcome was pass (44.6%), followed by suspect shooting first (29.6%), and missed target (12.9%). Content analysis of self-identified situational factors revealed that across all scenarios, the officers’ decision was most commonly informed by suspect cues, environmental factors, and the presence of a firearm. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The inter-relationships of the neural basis of rumination and inhibitory control: neuroimaging-based meta-analyses
Authors: Song Xiaoqi , Long Jixin , Wang Chanyu , Zhang Ruibin , Lee Tatia M C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRumination, as a clinical manifestation and pathogenic factor of depression, has long been the focus of psychological research regarding its causes and ameliorating approaches. Behavioral studies have shown that rumination is related to inhibitory control deficits, which provides ideas for reducing it. However, the neural relationship between them has not been clearly discussed. In this study, we first used multi-level kernel density analysis to conduct two meta-analyses of published functional magnetic resonance imaging studies: one was rumination comprising 17 studies with 180 foci, and the other was inhibitory control comprising 205 studies with 3791 foci. Conjunction analysis was then performed to explore the common brain regions and further decode them through Neurosynth to confirm the cognitive specificity. Results showed that rumination was mainly related to the default mode network (DMN), while inhibitory control was associated with the frontoparietal network (FPN). In addition, the common activation areas were mainly concentrated in the bilateral precuneus, right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral median cingulate, paracingulate gyri, and the left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Decoding results also revealed they were involved in inhibition, memory retrieval, and self-related processes. Our findings support that rumination is associated with inhibitory control and can be explained neurologically by an antagonistic relationship between the DMN and FPN. In sum, inhibitory control may be related to rumination via inhibiting task-unrelated attention and controlling self-related processing. This research will help us understand and predict rumination from the perspective of inhibitory control and reduce rumination through behavioral training of inhibitory control or the application of neuromodulation techniques to common activation regions.
Thoughts on Pain, Physical Activity, and Body in Patients With Recurrent Low Back Pain and Fear: An Interview Study
Authors: André Maria , Lundberg Mari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore thoughts and ideas about the body and pain in patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP) who have a high degree of fear of movement.

Methods
Patients with nonspecific LBP and a high degree of fear of movement, as measured using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, were asked to participate in the study. Individual semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 participants. The material was analyzed using content analysis with an inductive approach.

Results
From these patients’ stories, an overarching theme—decreased confidence in the body becomes a barrier to living life to the fullest—emerged. This theme was further divided into 4 subthemes: (1) “What is wrong with my body?”—the constant search for an explanation; (2) searching for the right way to move; (3) loss of mobility means a lack of meaning in life; and (4) the message from health care professionals guides feelings, thoughts, and movement behavior.

Conclusion
This study indicates that the message of keeping physically active when experiencing LBP has succeeded, but patients with fear require support to feel secure and have enough confidence in their body to move and exercise. Clinicians need to better incorporate evidence-based practice for patients with fear and support them so that they can apply an understanding of pain to their bodies and their every day life.

Impact
These results offer guidance for health care professionals to enhance their practice by providing more updated information to their patients who have recurrent LBP and fear. With better support, patients may be able to regain confidence in their bodies and live their lives to the fullest.

Lay Summary
If you have recurrent LBP and fear of moving your body, ask your health care professional to provide you with updated knowledge on pain and to help you regain confidence in your body so that you can live your life to the fullest.
“I Don’t Know Why I’ve Got this Pain!” Allostasis as a Possible Explanatory Model
Authors: Rabey Martin , Moloney Niamh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract Explaining the onset and maintenance of pain can be challenging in many clinical presentations. Allostasis encompasses the mechanisms through which humans adapt to stressors to maintain physiological stability. Due to related neuro-endocrine-immune system effects, allostasis and allostatic load (the cumulative effects on the brain and body that develop through the maintenance of physiological stability) offer the potential to explain the development and maintenance of musculoskeletal pain in certain cases. This paper outlines the concept of allostatic load, highlights the evidence for allostatic load in musculoskeletal pain conditions to date, and discusses mechanisms through which allostatic load influences pain, with particular focus on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system function and central, brain-driven governance of these systems. Finally, through case examples, consideration is given as to how allostatic load can be integrated into clinical reasoning and how it can be used to help explain pain to individuals and guide clinical decision-making.ImpactAwareness of the concept of allostatic load, and subsequent assessment of physical and psychological stressors potentially contributing to allostatic load, may facilitate a broader understanding of the multidimensional presentations of many people with pain, both acute and persistent. This may facilitate discussion between clinicians and their patients regarding broader influences on their presentations and drive more targeted and inclusive pain management strategies.
Electrospinning of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory Ag@hesperidin core-shell nanoparticles into nanofibers used for promoting infected wound healing
Authors: Ren Xiuli , Hu Yanan , Chang Linna , Xu Shibo , Mei Xifan , Chen Zhenhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bacterial infection and excessive inflammation are still the main obstacles to wound repair. Thus, antibacterial and anti-inflammation nanomaterials are always attracting for infected wound healing. In this work, ultra-uniform (∼20 nm) and colloidally stable Ag nanoparticles (Ag-Hes NPs) with core-shell structure were prepared by using hesperidin as reducing and capping agent. The obtained Ag-Hes NPs present effective antibacterial properties on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Ag-Hes NPs also got high 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capability of 69%. Under the package of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate, Ag-Hes NPs were encapsulated into electro spun nanofibers to form hydrogel (Ag-Hes@H). This strategy provides a moisture environment which could enrich and release Ag-Hes NPs gradually. Cell experiments and animal wound healing investigation proved that Ag-Hes@H could promote the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and accelerate infected wound healing. Meanwhile, Ag-Hes@H significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, MMP9 and TNF-α. Immunohistochemistry data further suggested that Ag-Hes@H accelerated wound closure by promoting collagen deposition and skin cell proliferation. The designed antibacterial and anti-inflammatory Ag-Hes@H has great potential for promoting infected wound healing.
A Retrospective Observational Study Exploring 30- and 90-Day Outcomes for Patients With COVID-19 After Percutaneous Tracheostomy and Gastrostomy Placement*
Authors: Kiser Stephanie B. , Sciacca Kate , Jain Nelia , Leiter Richard , Mazzola Emanuele , Gelfand Samantha , Jehle Jonathan , Bernacki Rachelle , Lamas Daniela , Cooper Zara , Lakin Joshua R. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the 30- and 90-day outcomes of COVID-19 patients receiving tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG).

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
Multisite, inpatient.

PATIENTS:
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received tracheostomy and PEG at four Boston hospitals.

INTERVENTIONS:
Tracheostomy and PEG placement.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was mortality at 30 and 90 days post-procedure. Secondary outcomes included continued device presence, place of residence, complications, and rehospitalizations. Eighty-one COVID-19 patients with tracheostomy and PEG placement were included. At 90 days post-device placement, the mortality rate was 9.9%, 2.7% still had the tracheostomy, 32.9% still had the PEG, and 58.9% were at home.

CONCLUSIONS:
More than nine-in-10 patients in our population of COVID-19 patients who underwent tracheostomy and PEG were alive 90 days later and most were living at home. This study provides new information regarding the outcomes of this patient population that may serve as a step in guiding clinicians, patients, and families when making decisions regarding these devices.
Sleep and Circadian Health of Critical COVID-19 Survivors 3 Months After Hospital Discharge
Authors: Benítez Iván D. , Moncusí-Moix Anna , Vaca Rafaela , Gort-Paniello Clara , Minguez Olga , Santisteve Sally , Carmona Paola , Torres Gerard , Fagotti Juliane , Labarca Gonzalo , Torres Antoni , González Jessica , de Gonzalo-Calvo David , Barbé Ferran , Targa Adriano D. S. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the sleep and circadian rest-activity pattern of critical COVID-19 survivors 3 months after hospital discharge.

DESIGN:
Observational, prospective study.

SETTING:
Single-center study.

PATIENTS:
One hundred seventy-two consecutive COVID-19 survivors admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

INTERVENTIONS:
Seven days of actigraphy for sleep and circadian rest-activity pattern assessment; validated questionnaires; respiratory tests at the 3-month follow-up.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The cohort included 172 patients, mostly males (67.4%) with a median (25th–75th percentile) age of 61.0 years (52.8–67.0 yr). The median number of days at the ICU was 11.0 (6.00–24.0), and 51.7% of the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 60.5% presented poor sleep quality 3 months after hospital discharge, which was further confirmed by actigraphy. Female sex was associated with an increased score in the PSQI (p < 0.05) and IMV during ICU stay was able to predict a higher fragmentation of the rest-activity rhythm at the 3-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Furthermore, compromised mental health measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was associated with poor sleep quality (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings highlight the importance of considering sleep and circadian health after hospital discharge. Within this context, IMV during the ICU stay could aid in predicting an increased fragmentation of the rest-activity rhythm at the 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, compromised mental health could be a marker for sleep disruption at the post-COVID period.
The β1-Adrenergic Receptor Contributes to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression Through Modulation of Regulatory T-Cell Inhibitory Function*
Authors: Durand Manon , Hagimont Eugénie , Louis Huguette , Asfar Pierre , Frippiat Jean-Pol , Singer Mervyn , Gauchotte Guillaume , Labat Carlos , Lacolley Patrick , Levy Bruno , Glenn Chousterman Benjamin , Kimmoun Antoine 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Although cardiovascular benefits of β1-adrenergic receptor blockade have been described in sepsis, little is known about its impact on the adaptive immune response, specifically CD4 T cells. Herein, we study the effects of β1-adrenergic receptor modulation on CD4 T-cell function in a murine model of sepsis.

DESIGN:
Experimental study.

SETTING:
University laboratory.

SUBJECTS:
C57BL/6 mice.

INTERVENTIONS:
High-grade sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in wild-type mice (β1
+/+) with or without esmolol (a selective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker) or in β1-adrenergic receptor knockout mice (β1
–/–). At 18 hours after surgery, echocardiography was performed with blood and spleen collected to analyze lymphocyte function.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
At 18 hours, β1
+/+ cecal ligation and puncture mice exhibited characteristics of high-grade sepsis and three surrogate markers of immunosuppression, namely decreased splenic CD4 T cells, reduced CD4 T-cell proliferation, and increased regulatory T lymphocyte cell proportions. Pharmacologic and genetic β1-adrenergic receptor blockade reversed the impact of sepsis on CD4 T and regulatory T lymphocyte proportions and maintained CD4 T-cell proliferative capacity. β1-adrenergic receptor blocked cecal ligation and puncture mice also exhibited a global decrease in both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and improved in vivo cardiovascular efficiency with maintained cardiac power index despite the expected decrease in heart rate.

CONCLUSIONS:
β1-adrenergic receptor activation enhances regulatory T lymphocyte inhibitory function and thus contributes to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. This can be attenuated by β1-adrenergic receptor blockade, suggesting a potential immunoregulatory role for this therapy in the management of sepsis.
Structural-Functional Glaucoma Progression Trajectory in 2-Dimensional Space
Authors: de Gainza Agustina , Morales Esteban , Salazar Diana , Yu Fei , Afifi Abdelmonem , Nouri-Mahdavi Kouros , Caprioli Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Précis:
We describe a method that provides rapid visualization of glaucomatous change in a 2-dimensional (2D) structural and functional (S/F) space.

Purpose:
To describe a method to visualize glaucomatous change in a 2D S/F space.

Design:
This was a retrospective longitudinal observational study.

Subjects:
Group I included 64 normal and 64 glaucomatous eyes used to develop the structural score. Group II included 957 glaucomatous eyes used to plot the structural-functional progression vectors.

Methods:
Subjects were arranged in 2 groups. Group I was a cross-sectional group used to develop a structural score which were applied to longitudinal measurements of patients in group II for vectoral analysis. Visual field index was used as a functional score. Vectors were created for each eye to define structural (x) and functional (y) progression. The structural and functional components were calculated with linear models of optical coherence tomography scores and visual field index. The resultant vector and its confidence interval were plotted in 2D S/F space.

Main Outcome Measures:
Combined structural-functional glaucomatous progression.

Results:
Group I included 64 normal and 64 glaucomatous eyes. We calculated 957 vectors (957 eyes of 582 OAG patients) in group II. The mean (±SD) follow-up period was 6.9 (±1.5) years and mean baseline mean deviation (MD) was −4.3 (±5.4). Preperimetric, mild, moderate, and severe groups included 159, 288, 299, and 211 eyes, respectively. Mean baseline MDs in these groups were 0.8, −1.0, −3.7, and −11.2 dB, and mean vector slopes were 0.88, 1.00, 1.98, and 2.69.

Conclusion:
We present a method that presents glaucoma progression in a 2D S/F space. This approach integrates a large amount of longitudinal numerical data and provides the clinician with a rapid and intuitive summary of the patient’s glaucoma trajectory.