bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Sizing Grid-Connected Hybrid PV/Generator/Battery Systems Following the Prediction of CO2 Emission and Electricity Consumption by Machine Learning Methods (MLP and SVR): Aseer, Tabuk, and Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Khalid , Almutairi Mubarak , Harb Kamal , Marey Omar 
Published: April 2022

Researchers’ concentration has been on hybrid systems that can fulfill economic and environmental goals in recent years. In this study, first, the prediction of CO2 emission and electricity consumption of Saudi Arabia by 2040 is made by employing multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and support vector regression (SVR) methods to see the rate of CO2 emission and electricity consumption. In this regard, the most important parameters such as gross domestic product (GDP), population, oil consumption, natural gas consumption, and renewable consumption are considered. Estimating CO2 emission by MLP and electricity consumption by SVR showed 815 Mt/year and 475 TWh/year, respectively, where R2 for MLP and SVR was 0.99. Prediction results showed a 31% and 39% increase in CO2 emission and electricity consumption by 2040 compared to 2020. Second, the optimum combination of components for supplying demand load and desalination load in residential usages are found where 0% capacity shortage, 20–60$/t penalty for CO2 emission, sell back to the grid, and both fixed and random grid outages are considered. Load demands were considered under two winter and non-winter times so that 4,266, 2,346, and 3,300 kWh/day for Aseer, Tabuk, and the Eastern Region were shown, respectively. Results show that 0.12, 0.11, and 0.12 (kW (PV))/(kWh/day(load)) and 0.1, 0.08, and 0.08 (kW(Bat))/(kWh/day(load)) are required under the assumption of this study for Aseer, Tabuk, and the Eastern Region, respectively. Also, COEs for the proposed systems are 0.0934, 0.0915, and 0.0910 $/kWh for Aseer, Tabuk, and the Eastern Region, respectively. Also, it was found that renewable fractions (RFs) between 46% and 48% for all of the case studies could have rational COE and NPCs and fulfill the increasing rate of CO2 emission and electricity consumption. Finally, sensitivity analysis on grid CO2 emission and its penalty, load and solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), PV, and battery prices showed 45%–55%, 42%–52%, and 43%–49% RFs for Aseer, Tabuk, and the Eastern Region, respectively.
Manta Net: The Golden Method for Sampling Surface Water Microplastics in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Pasquier Gabriel , Doyen Périne , Kazour Maria , Dehaut Alexandre , Diop Mamadou , Duflos Guillaume , Amara Rachid 
Published: April 2022

Microplastics (MPs) (plastic particles &lt; 5 mm in size) have become the most ubiquitous type of anthropogenic litter contaminating aquatic environments worldwide, and are capable of harming aquatic organisms and entering the food web. Microplastic research has rapidly evolved over several decades, with many studies sampling microplastic in surface waters. For sea surface sampling of MPs, different net devices have been used. But although there is an increasing number of studies using these devices to quantifying MPs in different aquatic environments, data comparison is difficult due to the lack of standardised, harmonised sampling methods and data reporting units. The Manta net device is actually the most commonly used method for sea surface sampling of MPs. The three main parts of this net are: the floating/stabilizing part, the opening mouth and the net bag, and each of them can have its own specifications. These specifications, along with the sampling methods, can be critical for the efficiency of the sampling accurate quantification of MPs in the aquatic environments. The use of different mesh sizes, inconsistency in trawling duration, speed and distance, and in the net opening dimensions, make it impossible to compare the studies between each other. This review analyzes the methodologies and characteristics of Manta nets used for MPs sampling, discussing factors that can impact the efficiency of the sampling and the quantification of MPs, and proposes recommendations in order to improve and standardize the sampling protocol.
IFITM3, FURIN, ACE1, and TNF-α Genetic Association With COVID-19 Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: de Araújo João Locke Ferreira , Menezes Diego , Aguiar Renato Santana de , Souza Renan Pedra de 
Published: April 2022

Human polymorphisms may contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and COVID-19 outcomes (asymptomatic presentation, severe COVID-19, death). We aimed to evaluate the association of IFITM3, FURIN, ACE1, and TNF-α genetic variants with both phenotypes using meta-analysis. The bibliographic search was conducted on the PubMed and Scielo databases covering reports published until February 8, 2022. Two independent researchers examined the study quality using the Q-Genie tool. Using the Mantel–Haenszel weighted means method, odds ratios were combined under both fixed- and random-effect models. Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review (five with IFITM3, two with Furin, three with TNF-α, and 17 with ACE1) and 22 in the meta-analysis (IFITM3 n = 3, TNF-α, and ACE1 n = 16). Meta-analysis indicated no association of 1) ACE1 rs4646994 and susceptibility, 2) ACE1 rs4646994 and asymptomatic COVID-19, 3) IFITM3 rs12252 and ICU hospitalization, and 4) TNF-α rs1800629 and death. On the other hand, significant results were found for ACE1 rs4646994 association with COVID-19 severity (11 studies, 692 severe cases, and 1,433 nonsevere controls). The ACE1 rs4646994 deletion allele showed increased odds for severe manifestation (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26–1.66). The homozygous deletion was a risk factor (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22–1.83), while homozygous insertion presented a protective effect (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.45–0.74). Further reports are needed to verify this effect on populations with different ethnic backgrounds.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prosperodisplay_record.php?ID=CRD42021268578, identifier CRD42021268578
Comparison of Two Main Orthokeratology Lens Designs in Efficacy and Safety for Myopia Control
Authors: Lu Weiwei , Ning Rui , Diao Kai , Ding Yang , Chen Ruru , Zhou Lei , Lian Yan , McAlinden Colm , Sanders Francis W. B. , Xia Fangfang , Huang Jinhai , Jin Wanqing 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of corneal refractive therapy (CRT) lenses and vision shaping treatment (VST) lenses for myopia control in children.MethodsMedical records of 1,001 children (2,002 eyes) who had been fitted with orthokeratology lenses for over 1.5 years were retrospectively reviewed. We collected the clinical data of four types of orthokeratology (OK) lenses available: one CRT lens (brand: CRT) and three VST lenses (brands: Euclid, Alpha, and Hiline) over 1.5 years. Results were compared and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Pearson's chi-square test.ResultsAxial length elongation in the CRT lens group was 0.13 ± 0.02 mm faster than that in the Euclid lens, 0.1 ± 0.02 mm faster in the Alpha lens, and 0.08 ± 0.02 mm faster in the Hiline lens over the 1.5-year period (all P &lt; 0.05). Among the subjects, 37.3% of them using the CRT lens experienced more than 1 D of refractive growth, compared with 20.2–30.8% of subjects wearing the three groups of VST lenses (all P &lt; 0.05). A lower incidence of total adverse events was found with the CRT lenses compared with the VST lenses (P &lt; 0.05), especially corneal staining. No difference was found in axial length elongation, refraction growth, and incidence of adverse events among the three types of VST lenses (all P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsCompared with the VST lenses, CRT lenses demonstrated a weaker effect on myopia control but with a better safety profile. Different types of VST lenses had similar efficacy and safety in the context of controlling myopia progression.
Agreement of Potassium, Sodium, Glucose, and Hemoglobin Measured by Blood Gas Analyzer With Dry Chemistry Analyzer and Complete Blood Count Analyzer: A Two-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Xie Hongxiang , Lv Shiyu , Chen Sufeng , Pang Zhenzhen , Ye Deli , Guo Jianzhuang , Xu Wanju , Jin Weidong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundBlood gas analyzers (BGAs) and dry biochemistry analyzers for potassium and sodium are based on direct electrode methods, and both involve glucose oxidase for glucose detection. However, data are lacking regarding whether the results of the two assay systems can be used interchangeably. In addition, there remains controversy over the consistency between BGA-measured hemoglobin and complete blood count analyzer data. Here, we compared the consistency of sodium, potassium, glucose, and hemoglobin levels measured by BGA and dry chemistry and complete blood count analyzers.MethodsData from two teaching hospitals, the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (ZRY) and the Qianfoshan Hospital (QY), were retrospectively analyzed based on dry biochemistry and complete blood count analyzer results as the reference system (X) and BGA as the experimental system (Y). Plasma was used for biochemical analysis at the ZRY Hospital, and serum at the QY Hospital. Paired data from the respective hospitals were evaluated for consistency, and biases between methods were assessed by simple correlation, Passing–Bablok regression, and Bland–Altman analyses.ResultsThe correlations of potassium, sodium, glucose, and hemoglobin measured by BGA and dry biochemistry and complete blood count analyzers were high, at 0.9573, 0.8898, 0.9849, and 0.9883 for the ZRY Hospital and 0.9198, 0.8591, 0.9764, and 0.8666, respectively, for the QY Hospital. The results of Passing to Bablok regression analysis showed that the predicted biases at each medical decision level were within clinically acceptable levels for potassium, sodium, glucose, and hemoglobin at the ZRY Hospital. Only the predicted bias of glucose was below the clinically acceptable medical decision levels at the QY Hospital, while potassium, sodium, and hemoglobin were not. Compared with the reference system, the mean bias for BGA measurements at the ZRY Hospital was −0.08 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.091 to −0.069) for potassium, 1.2 mmol/L (95% CI 1.06 to 1.42) for sodium, 0.20 mmol/L (95% CI 0.167 to 0.228) for glucose, and −2.8 g/L for hemoglobin (95% CI −3.14 to −2.49). The mean bias for potassium, sodium, glucose, and hemoglobin at the QY Hospital were −0.46 mmol/L (95% CI −0.475 to −0.452), 3.7 mmol/L (95% CI 3.57 to 3.85), −0.36 mmol/L (95% CI −0.433 to −0.291), and −8.7 g/L (95% CI −9.40 to −8.05), respectively.ConclusionBGA can be used interchangeably with plasma electrolyte results from dry biochemistry analyzers but does not show sufficient consistency with serum electrolyte results from dry biochemistry analyzers to allow data interchangeability. Good consistency was observed between BGA and plasma or serum glucose results from dry biochemistry analyzers. However, BGA-measured hemoglobin and hematocrit assay results should be treated with caution.
Computed Tomography-Based Texture Features for the Risk Stratification of Portal Hypertension and Prediction of Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wan Shang , Wei Yi , Zhang Xin , Yang Caiwei , Hu Fubi , Song Bin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveClinical evidence suggests that the risk stratification of portal hypertension (PH) plays a vital role in disease progression and patient outcomes. However, the gold standard for stratifying PH [portal vein pressure (PVP) measurement] is invasive and therefore not suitable for routine clinical practice. This study is aimed to stratify PH and predict patient outcomes using liver or spleen texture features based on computed tomography (CT) images non-invasively.MethodsA total of 114 patients with PH were included in this retrospective study and divided into high-risk PH (PVP ≥ 20 mm Hg, n = 57) or low-risk PH (PVP &lt; 20 mm Hg, n = 57), a progression-free survival (PFS) group (n = 14), or a non-PFS group (n = 51) based on patients with rebleeding or death after the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT, and the laboratory data were recorded. Texture features of the liver or spleen were obtained by a manual drawing of the region of interest (ROI) and were performed in the portal venous phase. Logistic regression analysis was applied to select the significant features related to high-risk PH, and PFS-related features were determined by the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test the diagnostic capacity of each feature.ResultsFive texture features (one first-order feature from the liver and four wavelet features from the spleen) and the international normalized ratio (INR) were identified as statistically significant for stratifying PH (p &lt; 0.05). The best performance was achieved by the spleen-derived feature of wavelet.LLH_ngtdm_Busyness, with an AUC of 0.72. The only log.sigma.3.0.mm.3D_firstorder_RobustMeanAbsoluteDeviation feature from the liver was associated with PFS with a C-index of 0.72 (95% CI 0.566–0.885), which could stratify patients with PH into high- or low-risk groups. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival probabilities were 66.7, 50, and 33.3% for the high-risk group and 93.2, 91.5, and 84.4% for the low-risk group, respectively (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionCT-based texture features from the liver or spleen may have the potential to stratify PH and predict patient survival.
Immune Cells Characteristics and Their Prognostic Effects in Exertional Heatstroke Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ji Jingjing , Su Peng , Lin Wenyi , Ouyang Leifang , Wang Conglin , Jia Jinxin , Liu Zheying , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundExertional heatstroke (EHS) remains a major problem for those who take strenuous physical activity. Inflammation and immune dysfunction were thought to be crucial to the pathophysiological process of heatstroke. The present study was aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of the immune cells in patients with EHS and determine their prognostic effects to provide the clinical evidence of the above process.MethodsThis single-center retrospective cohort study collected all patients with EHS admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA from October 2008 to May 2019. The dynamic changes of the main immune cell count and ratio were collected, including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) were calculated by the neutrophil count/lymphocyte count × 100%. The main outcome was 90-day mortality.ResultsA total of 189 patients were enrolled. For survivors, after 24 h, the WBC and neutrophil counts began to decrease, and they were back to normal in 72 h. In addition, the lymphocyte counts were within normal limits all the time. For non-survivors, the WBC and neutrophil counts were continuous over the normal range, while the lymphocyte count and the ratio began to decrease after 24 h and were continuously low in the following days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes were associated with the poor prognosis of the patients. A prediction model based on immune cell counts and ratios was constructed, and the lymphocyte count was accounted for the maximum weight.ConclusionsIn patients with EHS, increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes were associated with the poor prognosis. The lymphocyte count at 72 h after admission was the most important prognostic factor.
Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Glaucoma in Central China
Authors: Liu Qian , Liu Changgeng , Li Haijun , Yang Xiaoyuan , Dong Yangzeng , Feng Xiaomei , Cheng Wenjun 
Published: April 2022

PurposeWe aimed to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, management, and outcomes of glaucoma in pediatric patients in central China.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed inpatients with pediatric glaucoma at Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, and Henan Eye Hospital between 2017 and 2020.ResultsOverall, 239 cases (276 eyes) of pediatric glaucoma in patients, comprising 87 girls (36.40%) and 152 boys (63.60%) were analyzed. The mean age was 6.65 ± 4.46, and 2.93% of the patients had a family history of glaucoma. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) was the most common type of glaucoma, followed by traumatic glaucoma in 8.33% of the patients, which was considered secondary glaucoma. The most common signs and symptoms were elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and eye pain. Trabeculotomy (Trab) and microcatheter-assisted 360° trabeculotomy (MAT) combined with Trab were the most commonly performed surgeries. The IOP of patients with PCG, juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG), and secondary glaucoma were 15.27 ± 7.48 mmHg, 17.16 ± 10.05, and 18.65 ± 8.55, respectively, at the final follow up. The rate of re-operations in patients with PCG, JOAG, and secondary glaucoma were 9.15%, 6.78%, and 4.69%, respectively. The mean visual acuity of the eyes with PCG, JOAG, and secondary glaucoma was 0.79 ± 0.68, 0.51 ± 0.48, and 0.53 ± 0.50, respectively.ConclusionPCG, JOAG, and traumatic glaucoma were the most prevalent subtypes in patients with pediatric glaucoma in central China. Trab and MAT combined with Trab were the most common interventions used in this study. Pediatric amblyopia might require full attention during the entire treatment, especially after glaucoma surgery. Effective preventive measures and more public education on glaucoma prevention and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is necessary.
Metabolic Engineering for Valorization of Agri- and Aqua-Culture Sidestreams for Production of Nitrogenous Compounds by Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Wendisch Volker F. , Nampoothiri K. Madhavan , Lee Jin-Ho 
Published: April 2022

Graphical AbstractStrategy to valorize non-utilized nitrogen from sidestreams by producing nitrogen-containing products.
Lactate Albumin Ratio Is Associated With Mortality in Patients With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Ruoran , He Min , Qu Fengyi , Zhang Jing , Xu Jianguo 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health issue all over the world. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of lactate to albumin ratio (LAR) on patients with moderate to severe TBI.MethodsClinical data of 273 moderate to severe TBI patients hospitalized in West China Hospital between May 2015 and January 2018 were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors and construct a prognostic model of in-hospital mortality in this cohort. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the discriminative ability of this model.ResultsNon-survivors had higher LAR than survivors (1.09 vs. 0.53, p &lt; 0.001). Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS; odds ratio [OR] = 0.743, p = 0.001), blood glucose (OR = 1.132, p = 0.005), LAR (OR = 1.698, p = 0.022), subdural hematoma (SDH; OR = 2.889, p = 0.006), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH; OR = 2.395, p = 0.014), and diffuse axonal injury (DAI; OR = 2.183, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality in included patients. These six factors were utilized to construct the prognostic model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of single lactate, albumin, and LAR were 0.733 (95% Cl; 0.673–0.794), 0.740 (95% Cl; 0.683–0.797), and 0.780 (95% Cl; 0.725–0.835), respectively. The AUC value of the prognostic model was 0.857 (95%Cl; 0.812–0.901), which was higher than that of LAR (Z = 2.1250, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsLactate to albumin ratio is a readily available prognostic marker of moderate to severe TBI patients. A prognostic model incorporating LAR is beneficial for clinicians to evaluate possible progression and make treatment decisions in TBI patients.
Cerebral Blood Flow Disorder in Acute Subdural Hematoma and Acute Intraoperative Brain Bulge
Authors: Xian Liang , Wang Cheng , Wei Liangfeng , Wang Shousen 
Published: April 2022

ContextAcute subdural hematoma (ASDH) has a high incidence and high mortality. During surgery for ASDH, brain tissue sometimes rapidly swells and protrudes into the bone window during or after removal of the hematoma. This phenomenon, known as acute intraoperative brain bulge, progresses rapidly and can cause ischemic necrosis of brain tissue or even mortality. The mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in cerebral surface blood flow during ASDH and acute intraoperative brain bulge in rats.MethodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats were selected to establish an ASDH model, and acute intraoperative brain bulge was induced by late-onset intracranial hematoma. The changes in cerebral surface blood flow during ASDH and acute intraoperative brain bulge were observed with a laser speckle imaging system, and intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored.ResultsICP in rats increased significantly after ASDH (P &lt; 0.05). The blood perfusion rate (BPR) values of the superior sagittal sinus, collateral vein and artery decreased significantly in rats with subdural hematomas (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the preoperative and 90-min postoperative BPR values of rats. ICP was significantly increased in rats with acute intraoperative brain bulge (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased significantly after the removal of delayed hematomas (P &lt; 0.05). The BPR of the superior sagittal sinus, collateral vein and artery decreased significantly during brain bulge (P &lt; 0.05). After the removal of delayed hematomas, BPR increased significantly, but it remained significantly different from the values measured before brain bulge (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionASDH may cause not only high intracranial pressure but also cerebral blood circulation disorders. Brain bulge resulting from late-onset intracranial hematoma may aggravate these circulation disorders. If the cause of brain bulge in a given patient is late-onset intracranial hematoma, clinicians should promptly perform surgery to remove the hematoma and relieve circulation disorders, thus preventing more serious complications.