bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative abundance constraints from high-resolution optical transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b, and a fast model-filtering technique for accelerating retrievals
Authors: Gibson Neale P , Nugroho Stevanus K , Lothringer Joshua , Maguire Cathal , Sing David K 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
High-resolution Doppler-resolved spectroscopy has presented new opportunities for studying the atmospheres of exoplanets. While the ‘classical’ cross-correlation approach has proven to be efficient at finding atmospheric species, it is unable to perform direct atmospheric retrievals. Recent work has shown that retrievals are possible using a direct likelihood evaluation or likelihood ‘mappings’. The unique aspect of high-resolution retrievals is that the data-processing methods required to remove the stellar and telluric lines also distort the underlying exoplanet’s signal and therefore the forward model must be pre-processed to match this filtering. This was the key remaining limitation in our previously published framework. This paper directly addresses this by introducing a simple and fast model-filtering technique that can replicate the processing performed by algorithms such as SysRem and PCA. This enables retrievals to be performed without having to perform expensive injection and pre-processing steps for every model. We show that we can reliably constrain quantitative measures of the atmosphere from transmission spectra including the temperature–pressure profile, relative abundances, planetary velocities, and rotational broadening parameters. Finally, we demonstrate our framework using UVES transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b. We constrain the temperature–pressure profile and relative abundances of Fe, Cr, and V to be log10(χFe/χCr) = 1.66 ± 0.28, log10(χFe/χV) = 3.78 ± 0.29, and log10(χFe/χMg) = −1.26 ± 0.60. The relative abundances are consistent with solar values, with the exception of Fe/Mg, where the large Mg abundance is probably explained by the escaping atmosphere of WASP-121b that is not accounted for in our atmospheric model.
Neutrino emission from fast radio burst-emitting magnetars
Authors: Qu Yuanhong , Zhang Bing 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The detection of a bright radio burst (hereafter FRB 200428) in association with a hard X-ray burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 suggests that magnetars can make fast radio bursts (FRBs). We study possible neutrino emission from FRB-emitting magnetars by developing a general theoretical framework. We consider three different sites for proton acceleration and neutrino emission i.e. within the magnetosphere, in the current sheet region beyond the light cylinder, and in relativistic shocks far away from the magnetosphere. Different cooling processes for protons and pions are considered to calculate the neutrino-emission suppression factor within each scenario. We find that the flux of the neutrino emission decreases with increasing radius from the magnetar due to the decrease of the target photon number density. We calculate the neutrino flux from FRB 200428 and its associated X-ray burst. The flux of the most optimistic case invoking magnetospheric proton acceleration is still ∼4 orders of magnitude below the IceCube sensitivity. We also estimate the diffuse neutrino background from all FRB-emitting magnetars in the universe. The total neutrino flux of magnetars during their FRB-emission phases is a negligible fraction of observed diffuse emission even under the most optimistic magnetospheric scenario for neutrino emission. However, if one assumes that many more X-ray bursts without FRB associations can also produce neutrinos with similar mechanisms, magnetars can contribute up to 10−8 GeV s−1 sr−1 cm−2 diffuse neutrino-background flux in the GeV to multi-TeV range.
Epidural Analgesia Versus Lumbar Plexus Blockade After Hip Reconstruction Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Intrathecal Baclofen Pumps: A Comparison of Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Samineni Aneesh V. , Eklund Susan E. , Miller Patricia E. , Buxton Kristin , Snyder Brian D. , Matheney Travis H. , Watkins Colyn J. , Stone Scellig S.D. , Alrayashi Walid , Brusseau Roland , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Epidural analgesia is commonly used for pain control after reconstructive hip surgery, but its use is controversial in the presence of an intrathecal baclofen pump (ITB). The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the rate of serious anesthetic and postoperative complications as well as the efficacy of epidural analgesia compared with lumbar plexus blocks (LPBs) for pain management after neuromuscular hip reconstruction in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and ITB.

Methods:
Pediatric patients with CP and ITB undergoing hip reconstructive surgery from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. Patients receiving epidural analgesia were compared with those receiving LPB. Morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram were used as a surrogate measure for pain-related outcomes, as pain scores were reported with wide ranges (eg, 0 to 5/10), making it unfeasible to compare them across the cohort. Postoperative complications were graded using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification.

Results:
Forty-four patients (26/44, 59% male) underwent surgery at an average age of 10.3 years (SD=3.4 y, range: 4 to 17 y). The majority utilized LPB (28/44, 64%) while the remaining utilized epidural (16/44, 36%). There were no differences in rates of serious complications, including no cases of ITB malfunction, damage, or infection. During the immediate postoperative course, patients who received LPB had higher morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram requirements than patients who received epidural analgesia.

Conclusions:
In patients with CP undergoing hip reconstruction surgery with an ITB in situ, epidural anesthesia was associated with improved analgesia compared with LPB analgesia, with a similar risk for adverse outcomes. Epidural catheters placed using image-guided insertion techniques can avoid damage to the ITB catheter while providing effective postoperative pain control without increasing rates of complications in this complex patient population.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Acupuncture – a national heritage of China to the world: international clinical research advances from the past decade
Authors: Liu Baoyan , Chen Bo , Guo Yi , Tian Lixin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine. The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms, the medical needs of Western societies, as well as the proven therapeutic effects of this technique have made it the most widely used medical practice in the world. The concept of evidence-based medicine has been introduced in acupuncture research for technical improvement and the production of high-quality clinical evidence. Upon reviewing the acupuncture clinical research over the past 10 years, we found the gradually increasing range of diseases that it benefits, from pain management to neoplasms and genitourinary, digestive, and mental disorders. Acupuncture is included in a number of international guidelines for clinical practice. However, high-quality clinical evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture is lacking as a result of multiple exceptional clinical trials conducted by Western researchers that have yielded antagonistic results. Future clinical research should focus on exploring objective evaluation methods for studying the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.
Assessment of Occupational Exposure in Medical Practice in the Region of Hohhot, China, for the Period 2004–2020
Authors: Xu Xiao , Fan Shengnan , Tang Xiaohao , Li Mengxue , Liu Xiang , Zhang Ziyang , Zhang Shuai , Sun Zhichao , Deng Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Individual monitoring is of great significance in efforts to protect the health of radiation workers and improve the level of radiation protection and management. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation from medical practice in the region of Hohhot, China, from 2004 to 2020. Results show that the average annual effective dose of occupationally exposed workers in medical practice significantly declined from 1.44 mSv in 2005 to 0.29 mSv in 2020 (Z = −5.23, P < 0.05). The number of medical radiation workers increased by 181%, the composition of radiation workers whose average annual effective dose exceeded 1 mSv decreased, and the number of radiation workers whose average annual effective dose was less than or equal to the minimum detection level (MDL) increased yearly over the 17-y study period. It was found that the dose of 1.106 mSv received by workers in interventional radiology is significantly higher than the doses of 0.52 mSv in dental radiology, 0.47 mSv in radiotherapy, and 0.33 mSv in all other medical uses (Z = 3.71, 9.13, 5.93, respectively; P < 0.05). The distribution ratios of workers in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology whose annual individual effective dose exceeded 5 mSv were 0.040 and 0.043, respectively, which are significantly higher than those in other occupational categories (χ
2 = 307.11, P < 0.05). It was also shown that the average annual effective dose of 0.67 mSv in interventional radiology is significantly higher than that of 0.17 mSv in radiotherapy (Z = 3.39, P < 0.05) in 2020. According to these observations, the exposure of radiation workers in medical practice in Hohhot meets the requirements of the China standard. This study shows that the status of radiation workers in medical practice has obviously improved during the period 2004–2020. However, it is still necessary to focus on the protection of groups with high occupational exposure risk, and the continuous improvement of protection measures, monitoring means, and radiation workers’ training, especially for the workers in the fields of interventional radiology and nuclear medicine.
TRANSSCLERAL INCISION FOR PEELING SUBRETINAL PROLIFERATION TISSUE IN GRADE C PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Fan Wen , Shen Han , Su Na , Yuan Songtao 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of an optimized method to clearly remove the subretinal proliferative tissue by transscleral puncture into the subretinal space in patients with grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy without inducing retinal injury.

Methods:
This was a prospective clinical observation study. Eight consecutive patients who had undergone optimized vitrectomy surgery for retinal detachment complicated by grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy were investigated. Subretinal proliferation was cleared by adding one additional scleral 23-gauge trocar under the detached retina at 9 mm to 10 mm from the limbus. After the sclera is pierced, the puncture knife changed its direction without touching the retina. 23-G intraocular forceps were used to remove the proliferation strand or membrane through the puncture channel.

Results:
Retinal reattachment was achieved in each case without a retinotomy. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was improved within the first 1 month (P = 0.039) and remained stable at the following phase. There were no postoperative complications, such as reoccurrence of retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. No postoperative hemorrhage or hypotension was observed.

Conclusion:
The satisfying results demonstrated the feasibility of this cost-effective, easy-to-follow, transscleral vitrectomy method in treating retinal detachment with grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
CAROTID CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA FINDINGS IN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY BEFORE AND AFTER PERCUTANEOUS EMBOLIZATION
Authors: del Mar Schilt-Catafal Maria , Pastor-Escartín Félix , Martínez-Piñero Ana , Neira-Ibáñez Paulina , Manfreda-Domínguez Laura , Duch-Samper Antonio M. 
Published: January 2022

Background/Purpose:
Optical coherence tomography angiography has been used to evaluate the posterior segment in a wide variety of pathologies because it is a noninvasive image technique, but its role in the evaluation of the retina in a case of carotid cavernous sinus fistula has not been described yet.

Methods & Results:
We present a patient who consulted with spontaneous left superior eyelid hematoma and was diagnosed with left indirect carotid cavernous sinus fistula. In this study, optical coherence tomography angiography was used to evaluate the different macular capillary plexuses in a patient with carotid cavernous sinus fistula and a clinical situation of secondary local venous stasis before and after percutaneous embolization. Augmented vessel density was seen in superficial and deep capillary plexuses and in choriocapillaris before the percutaneous embolization, and a decrease of the parameters was seen after the treatment.

Conclusion:
All macular capillary plexuses presented with augmented vessel density levels that normalized after treatment. These findings were previously undescribed, and they suggest that optical coherence tomography angiography may be useful to initially evaluate patients with carotid cavernous sinus fistula who are planned to undergo embolization and to follow them up until normalization of the vascular structures is reported.
PACHYCHOROID DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY AND SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS
Authors: Manayath George J. , Verghese Shishir , Narendran Venkatapathy 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To report an atypical case of pachychoroid spectrum disease associated with subretinal drusenoid deposits and geographic atrophy.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 67-year-old woman presented for a routine examination. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Based on fundus examination and multimodal imaging findings, the presence of subretinal drusenoid deposits and geographic atrophy was seen in the right eye, which was associated with pachychoroid. The left eye revealed two active polypoidal lesions suggestive of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with subretinal drusenoid deposits, geographic atrophy, and a thick choroid with dilated outer choroidal vessels. She underwent an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab followed by focal laser to the polypoidal lesion in the left eye. At 3-month posttreatment, her best-corrected visual acuity was maintained at 20/20 in the left eye, with a good anatomical outcome.

Conclusion:
This case highlights a previously unreported unique association of a pachychoroid disease spectrum with geographic atrophy and with subretinal drusenoid deposits.
FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE FORMATION FOLLOWING PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Alsberge Joseph B. , McDonald H. Richard 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To report two patients who developed full-thickness macular holes following panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
Case series.

Results:
Case 1 was a 58-year-old woman with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and Case 2, a 72-year-old man with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Before panretinal photocoagulation, each patient had an epiretinal membrane and an irregular foveal contour noted on optical coherence tomography. At 2 months follow-up, each patient showed foveal floor thinning and Case 2 also had a lamellar macular hole. At 6 months follow-up, each patient had a full-thickness macular hole. Each were successfully repaired with vitrectomy, membrane peeling, and gas tamponade.

Conclusion:
The relationship between hole formation and previous panretinal photocoagulation in the patients reported here is unclear and possibly coincidental.
Outcomes of Surgical Interventions in Primary Congenital Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Suvannachart Pukkapol , Surukrattanaskul Supawan , Chansangpetch Sunee , Manassakorn Anita , Tantisevi Visanee , Rojanapongpun Prin 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The aim was to report long-term surgical success of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) patients in Thailand.

Materials and Methods:
PCG patients who underwent one of the following primary operations: trabeculotomy, goniotomy, trabeculectomy, combined trabeculotrabeculectomy (CTT) and diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) between January 1992 and January 2018 were reviewed. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5 and 21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucoma medications. Failure was defined as IOP ≤5 or ≥21 mm Hg for 2 consecutive visits, or when an additional glaucoma surgery was required to control IOP. Survival curves were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effect Weibull model.

Results:
A total of 81 eyes from 55 PCG patients were included. Surgical procedures involved 20 goniotomies, 15 trabeculotomies, 16 trabeculectomies, 15 CTT, and 15 TSCPC. Median follow-up time was 24 months (interquartile range: 9 to 60 mo). Overall success rates were 68.8% at 1 year, 63.8% at 3 years, and 53.7% at 5 years. All types of surgery except TSCPC had comparable cumulative 1 year success rates ranging from 78.5% to 83.3%. Cumulative success rates of trabeculotomy (80.05%) and CTT (79.4%) were maintained at 3 and 5 years and were the highest among all procedures at 5 years. TSCPC had a significantly lower success rate compared with other types of surgery (hazard ratio: 7.4 to 13.1, all P=0.01). All patients receiving primary TSCPC showed no success at 48 months.

Conclusion:
Primary trabeculotomy and primary CTT demonstrated the highest long-term success rates in PCG patients.
Clinical Features and Corrected Factors with Neurosyphilis in HIV/Syphilis Co-Infected Patients Based on Stage of Syphilis
Authors: Wang Yuan-Yuan , Shi Mei , Guan Zhi-Fang , Zhang Lei , Gu Xin , Lu Hai-Kong , Qi Teng-Fei , Ni Li-Yan , Wu Juan , Zhao Wei , Peng Rui-Rui , Zhu Lin , Zhou Ping-Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Neurosyphilis is challenging to diagnose, especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/syphilis co-infection. The aim of this study was to profile the clinical features of neurosyphilis and evaluate the correlation between neurosyphilis and clinical or laboratory factors among patients with HIV/syphilis co-infection.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 479 HIV/syphilis co-infected patients examined between August 2009 and September 2018. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors correlated with neurosyphilis.

Results:
The overall prevalence of neurosyphilis was 21.7%. The prevalence of neurosyphilis differed among patients with primary (11.1%), secondary (20.1%), and latent syphilis (29.1%). The prevalences of neurosyphilis in patients with serological non-response and serofast patients were 26.1% and 6.3%, respectively, while 12.5% of patients with serological relapse had neurosyphilis. Patients with secondary and latent syphilis had serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers (per unit) of 1.44-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.93, P
= 0.014] and 2.73-fold (95% CI: 1.49–5.00, P
= 0.001), respectively, which increased the risk of confirmed neurosyphilis. Among patients with latent syphilis, a serum RPR titer of ≥1:32 and peripheral blood CD4 cell count of ≤350/mL were significantly associated with neurosyphilis, with adjusted odds ratios of 9.45 (95% CI: 1.86–48.03, P
= 0.007) and 3.75 (95% CI: 1.11–12.66, P
= 0.033), respectively.

Conclusion:
A serum RPR titer of ≥1:32 and a peripheral blood CD4 cell count of ≤350/mL have predictive value in screening for neurosyphilis among HIV-positive patients with latent syphilis.
2021 ELSO Adult and Pediatric Anticoagulation Guidelines
Authors: McMichael Ali B.V. , Ryerson Lindsay M. , Ratano Damian , Fan Eddy , Faraoni David , Annich Gail M. 
Published: January 2022

Disclaimer:
These guidelines for adult and pediatric anticoagulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are intended for educational use to build the knowledge of physicians and other health professionals in assessing the conditions and managing the treatment of patients undergoing ECLS / ECMO and describe what are believed to be useful and safe practice for extracorporeal life support (ECLS, ECMO) but these are not necessarily consensus recommendations. The aim of clinical guidelines are to help clinicians to make informed decisions about their patients. However, adherence to a guideline does not guarantee a successful outcome. Ultimately, healthcare professionals must make their own treatment decisions about care on a case-by-case basis, after consultation with their patients, using their clinical judgment, knowledge and expertise. These guidelines do not take the place of physicians’ and other health professionals’ judgment in diagnosing and treatment of particular patients. These guidelines are not intended to and should not be interpreted as setting a standard of care or be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care nor exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. The ultimate judgment must be made by the physician and other health professionals and the patient in light of all the circumstances presented by the individual patient, and the known variability and biological behavior of the clinical condition. These guidelines reflect the data at the time the guidelines were prepared; the results of subsequent studies or other information may cause revisions to the recommendations in these guidelines to be prudent to reflect new data, but ELSO is under no obligation to provide updates. In no event will ELSO be liable for any decision made or action taken in reliance upon the information provided through these guidelines.
Changes in the characteristics of trauma patients after the early COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Park Jiye , Jung Kyoungwon , Kwon Junsik , Moon Jonghwan , Huh Yo , Heo Yun Jung , Kang Byung Hee 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gyeonggi-do (Gyeonggi province) has the second highest number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Republic of Korea after Seoul, with approximately 25% of the COVID-19 patients as of January 2021. Our center is a level I trauma center located in south Gyeonggi-do, and we aimed to evaluate whether the characteristics of trauma patients changed after the COVID-19 pandemic.
We retrospectively reviewed the trauma patients registered with the Korea Trauma Database of the Center from February 2019 to January 2021. The patients were dichotomized into pre-coronavirus disease (pre-COVID) and coronavirus disease (COVID) groups, and their trauma volumes, injury characteristics, intentionality, and outcomes were compared.
A total of 2628 and 2636 patients were included in the pre-COVID and COVID groups, respectively. During the COVID-19 period, motorcycle accidents, bicycle accidents, and penetrating injury cases increased, and pedestrian traffic accidents, slips, and injury by machines decreased. The average daily number of patients in the COVID group was lower in March (5.6 ± 2.6/day vs 7.2 ± 2.4/day, P = .014) and higher in September (9.9 ± 3.2/day vs 7.7 ± 2.0/day, P = .003) compared to the pre-COVID group. The COVID group also had a higher ratio of direct admissions (67.5% vs 57.2%, P < .001), proportion of suicidal patients (4.1% vs 2.7%, P = .005), and injury severity scores (14 [9–22] vs 12 [4–22], P < .001) than the pre-COVID group. The overall mortality (4.7% vs 4.9%, P = .670) and intensive care unit length of stay (2 [0–3] days vs 2 [0–4] days, P = .153) was not different between the 2 groups.
Although the total number of patients did not change, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number of monthly admissions and the injury mechanisms changed. More severely injured patients were admitted directly to the trauma center.