bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and future treatments for peanut allergy
Authors: Lee Tricia , Edwards‐Salmon Sofia , Vickery Brian P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeanut allergy (PA) is a common, burdensome childhood disease that in most patients continues into adulthood and has historically been untreatable. However, peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) is increasingly being incorporated into allergy practices, using both the first FDA‐approved product, PTAH (previously AR101; Palforzia™, Aimmune Therapeutics), as well as store‐bought peanut products. POIT in preschoolers continues to gain more acceptance as evidence accrues that it is a safe and feasible approach that may have distinct advantages. There are many new therapeutic interventions currently under study with a variety of different approaches and potential mechanisms. With respect to other forms of immunotherapy, none are currently approved, but the epicutaneous approach is the most well‐studied and others are being actively investigated, including sublingual, subcutaneous, and intralymphatic. Biologics are gaining evidence both as adjunctive treatments to POIT and as monotherapy. Omalizumab is the most widely studied biologic for PA but others also have potential. Looking ahead to a future therapeutic landscape of choice, allergists will need to understand each patient's goal of treatment through shared decision‐making and fully evaluate the risks, benefits, and alternatives of each new therapy.
Clinical conditions related to positive thymic uptake on I‐131 post‐therapeutic scans in thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Seo Ye Young , Choi Hyun Su , Park Sonya Youngju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThymic uptake is a well‐known cause of false‐positives on I‐131 post‐therapeutic scans. This study identified the clinical conditions associated with thymic uptake on I‐131 post‐therapeutic scans in thyroid cancer patients.DesignThis was a retrospective study that investigated the clinical conditions associated with thymic uptake on I‐131 post‐therapeutic scans of patients obtained between January 2010 and December 2010. Patients: Six hundred and eighty‐five patients were included follwing a therapeutic dose of I‐131 (3.7–9.25 GBq). Methods: We reviewed the patients' clinical characteristics, including age, sex, histology, serum thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation regimen, prior history of RAI therapy, and labaratory parameters such as the serumTSH, thyroglobulin, and anti‐thyroglobulin antibody. At follow‐up, patients were assessed in terms of disease‐free status, structural persistence, and biochemical disease.ResultsIn total, 107 I‐131 post‐therapeutic scans (15.6%) evidenced thymic uptake. The mean age of the positive thymic uptake group was significantly lower than that of the negative group (p < .001). Significant indicators for thymic uptake were thyroid hormone withdrawal and a history of repeated radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy (p < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that young age and a history of repeated RAI therapy correlated with thymic uptake (p < .001). At the end of follow‐up, 487 patients (86.5%) were disease‐free, 44 (7.8%) still had biochemical disease, and 32 (5.7%) showed structural persistence. Ten patients (11.5%) in the positive thymic uptake group and 22 (4.6%) in the negative thymic uptake group showed structural persistence. Five patients (5.7%) in the positive thymic uptake group and 39 (8.2%) in the negative thymic uptake group had biochemical disease. The final follow‐up results of the two groups were statistically different.ConclusionsThymic uptake tended to be more prominent in young patients with a history of repeated RAI therapy. Structural recurrence during follow‐up was much more common in the positive thymic uptake group, while the incidence of biochemical recurrence during follow‐up was higher in the negative thymic uptake group.
The safety and tolerability of levodopa eye drops for the treatment of ocular disorders: A randomized first‐in‐human study
Authors: Thomson Kate , Karouta Cindy , Sabeti Faran , Anstice Nicola , Leung Myra , Jong Tina , Maddess Ted , Morgan Ian G. , Game Jeremy , Ashby Regan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMyopia is the leading cause of low vision worldwide and can lead to significant pathological complications. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes, the field continues to develop novel interventions for this visual disorder. Accordingly, this first‐in‐human study reports on the safety profile of a novel dopamine‐based ophthalmic treatment for myopia, levodopa/carbidopa eye drops. This phase I, first‐in‐human, monocenter, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, paired‐eye, multidose, randomized clinical trial was undertaken in healthy adult males aged 18–30 years (mean age 24.9 ± 2.7) at the University of Canberra Eye Clinic, Australia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a low (1.4 levodopa:0.34 carbidopa [μmoles/day], n = 14) or standard dose (2.7 levodopa:0.68 carbidopa [μmoles/day], n = 15) of levodopa/carbidopa eye drops in one eye and placebo in the fellow eye once daily for 4 weeks (28 days). Over this 4‐week trial, and after a 4‐month follow‐up visit, levodopa/carbidopa treatment had no significant effect on ocular tolerability and anterior surface integrity, visual function, ocular health, refraction/ocular biometry, and did not induce any non‐ocular adverse events. These results indicate that topical levodopa/carbidopa is safe and tolerable to the eye, paving the way for future studies on the efficacy of this novel ophthalmic formulation in the treatment of human myopia. The findings of this study have implications not only for the treatment of myopia, but in a number of other visual disorders (i.e., amblyopia, diabetic retinopathy, and age‐related macular degeneration) in which levodopa has been identified as a potential clinical intervention.
Size adjustment occurs during the larval growth of the separated blastomeres of the starfish, Patiria Pectinifera
Authors: Okura Yamato , Kuraishi Ritsu , Kaneko Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStarfish embryos derived from blastomeres separated at the early cleavage stage exhibit morphogenesis to form normally shaped, but smaller‐sized dwarf bipinnaria larvae. To further understand this developmental capacity, we primarily characterized the morphogenetic processes of separated 2‐cell and 4‐cell stage blastomeres during the embryonic and larval periods of the starfish, Patiria Pectinifera. Using non‐separated blastomeres as the control, we subjected the separated blastomeres to morphological analyses in conjunction with quantitative measurements of the changes in their body sizes with time post‐fertilization. Our results were as follows: (i) Blastomeres separated at 2‐cell and 4‐cell stages synchronously developed into dwarf‐sized bipinnaria larvae. (ii) Upon reaching a body size of 500–700 μm, all the bipinnaria larvae originating from the separated blastomeres and controls began to undergo a series of similar organ formation events in preparation for metamorphosis—recognized as the demarcation between the early and late substages of the bipinnaria larval period. (iii) The separated blastomeres became brachiolaria larvae capable of undergoing metamorphosis at differing rates after reaching approximately 1000–1200 μm body sizes, with adult rudiment and sensory organ forming functionally. (iv) The unfed controls and dwarf bipinnaria larvae derived from blastomeres separated at the 4‐cell stage arrested their development synchronously without reaching the threshold size required for the latter half of the bipinnaria stage. These results, taken together, suggested that separated blastomeres possess the developmental capacity to become brachiolaria larvae through a shift in morphogenetic regulation from a synchronous growth to size adjustment during the larval period.
Young people's help‐giving actions towards a peer with a mental health problem: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Subasinghe Aruni , Hart Laura M. , Radeka Angelika , Paxton Susan J. , Morgan Amy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsYoung people often seek help from their peers for mental health problems. However, little is known about young people's experiences of helping a peer with a mental health problem. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on young people's help‐giving actions, highlight any gaps in the research and examine the evidence for interventions designed to increase and improve help‐giving. The secondary aim was to compare findings between help‐giving in face‐to‐face and online settings.MethodsEmbase, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched for English studies published from 2003 onwards. Studies focusing on the help‐giving actions of young people (aged 12–25 years) towards a peer with a mental health problem were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal tools. Data were synthesized using thematic and narrative analysis.ResultsTwenty‐one studies (3440 participants) were included. The most frequently reported help‐giving themes were encouraging professional and adult support and providing emotional support. Although limited studies reported on online help‐giving, online settings allowed for immediate help to be provided despite time or location. Both positive and negative outcomes for helping were identified. Improvements in the quality of help‐giving were found after training; however, help‐giving for mental health crises was poor.ConclusionsFurther research regarding the young people's help‐giving actions to peers online is required. Training programs need to consider how to further improve the quality of help‐giving among young people and to increase the trainees' confidence in helping, particularly in a mental health crisis.
Effects of habitat destruction on coevolving metacommunities
Authors: Gawecka Klementyna A. , Pedraza Fernando , Bascompte Jordi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHabitat destruction is a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The ecological consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation involve reductions in species abundance and even the extinction of species and their interactions. However, we do not yet understand how habitat loss alters the coevolutionary trajectories of the remaining species or how coevolution, in turn, affects their response to habitat loss. To investigate this, we develop a spatially explicit model which couples metacommunity and coevolutionary dynamics. We show that, by changing the size, composition and structure of local networks, habitat destruction increases the diversity of coevolutionary trajectories of mutualists across the landscape. Conversely, in antagonistic communities, some species increase while others reduce their spatial trait heterogeneity. Furthermore, we show that while coevolution dampens the negative effects of habitat destruction in mutualistic networks, its effects on the persistence of antagonistic communities tend to be smaller and less predictable.
Clinical and imaging findings, treatment details and outcomes in foals with extensor tendon rupture—A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Mokry Anna , Bernhard Camille , Faulkner Josephine , Colgate Victoria A. , Dumoulin Michèle , Pille Frederik , Vanderperren Katrien , Delling Uta , Oosterlinck Maarten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundForelimb extensor tendon rupture (ETR) in foals is sparsely documented.ObjectivesTo describe clinical and imaging findings, treatment details, and long‐term outcome in foals with ETR.Study designMulticentre retrospective case‐series.MethodsClinical record review of foals with ETR, presented to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Ghent University (Belgium), the Clinic for Horses at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Germany), and Rossdales Equine Hospital (UK) between 2009–2021. Long‐term outcome based on structured telephone interview with the owner at the university hospitals and on future ratings from a public racing results archive at Rossdales Equine Hospital.ResultsEight foals (28%; 95%CI: 11.7%–44.3%) presented with ETR only, whereas 21 foals (72%; 95%CI: 55.7%–88.3%) presented with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity foals with ETR only were older (median 20 days; Interquartile range [IQR] 13–22) than foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median five days; IQR 3–11; p = 0.001). Treatment included medical support, immobilization, and box rest. Hospitalisation time was longer for foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median 26 days; IQR 16–44) than for ETR‐only foals (median 11 days; IQR 6–16; p = 0.03). Total rehabilitation time was longer for foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median 58 days; IQR 42–91) than for foals without flexural limb deformity (median 32 days; IQR 12–39; p = 0.03). Six foals (21%; 95%CI: 6.3%–35.7%) were euthanased within seven months: three because of problems with limb protraction and progressive flexural limb deformity. Long‐term follow‐up (>18 months) was available for two cases with ETR only, and seven cases with ETR and flexural limb deformity. Both ETR‐only foals had a positive cosmetic outcome but only one a positive functional outcome. Foals with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity suffered limitations regarding cosmetic appearance (5/7 negative) and limb function (7/7 negative).Main limitationsSmall sample size, retrospective study, and no clinical follow‐up.ConclusionsETR is a rare condition in this sample of foals treated under hospital conditions often requiring prolonged care, especially with concurrent flexural limb deformity. Further research should investigate potential associations with future athletic performance.
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) from NY‐ESO‐I‐specific cytotoxic T cells isolated from the melanoma patient with minor HLAs: The practical pilot study for the adoptive immunotherapy for melanoma using iPSC technology
Authors: Itoh Munenari , Kawagoe Shiho , Nakagawa Hidemi , Asahina Akihiko , Okano Hirotaka James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMelanoma is one of the most severe skin cancers, derived from melanocytes. Among various therapies for melanoma, adoptive immunotherapy using tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes/chimeric antigen receptor‐T cells (TCs) is advanced in recent years; however, the efficacy is still limited, and major challenges remain in terms of safety and cell supply. To solve the issues of adoptive immunotherapy, we utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have an unlimited proliferative ability and various differentiation capability. First, we monoclonally isolated CD8+ TCs specifically reactive with NY‐ESO‐1, one of tumor antigens, from the melanoma patient's monocytes after stimulated with NY‐ESO‐1 peptide by manual procedure, and cultured NY‐ESO‐1‐specific TCs until proliferated and formed colonies. iPSCs were consequently generated from colony‐forming TCs by exogenous expression of reprogramming factors using Sendai virus vector. After the RAG2 gene in TC‐derived iPSCs (T‐iPSCs) was knocked out for preventing T‐cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement, T‐iPSCs were re‐differentiated into rejuvenated cytotoxic TCs. We confirmed that TCR of T‐iPSC‐derived TC was maintained as the same of original TCs. In conclusion, T‐iPSCs have a potential to be an unlimited cell source for providing cytotoxic TCs. Our study could be a “touchstone” to develop iPSC‐based adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma for the future clinical use.
Vertical ambush corridors: Intriguing multi‐mechanism ecological structures embedded in the kinetic fluid architectures of ocean living resource production systems
Authors: Bakun Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe concept of a ‘vertical ambush corridor’ is herein introduced to marine ecosystem science. In the open ocean, adequate physical cover from which to launch an unanticipated ambush attack is generally lacking. An available alternative is for a predator to channel its attack vertically upward from below, rendering an unlighted approaching predator extremely difficult for a downward viewing potential prey to visually identify against the profound blackness of the deep ocean background. Moreover, within sub‐mesoscale structures wherein the ambient water is sinking, slightly warmer water temperatures within the core of the downward motion results in outward refraction of both sound and light waves, producing sound and light shadow patterns that may reduce the capacity of prey organisms to recognize the approach of an upwardly attacking predator. This suggests that presence of such submarine ‘vambush’ structures may enhance trophic transfer efficiency within marine ecosystems, as well as provide perhaps the best available explanation for such predator behaviours as the evident strong attraction to drifting flotsam and floating fish aggregation devices (FADs), as well as the repeated large amplitude ‘bounce dives’ undertaken by a large number of dominant oceanic predatory fish species. The oxygen constraints faced by water‐breathing organisms are posed as controlling factors in the potential ecological operation of these vambush structures, that in turn may have potential vulnerability to the growing global problem of ocean deoxygenation. Increased identifiable habitat granularity represented by such sub‐mesoscale features may have important utility in supporting empirical studies and applications of the comparative scientific method.
Theory of change and strategic priorities of the world federation of haemophilia
Authors: Laliberté Jennifer , Coffin Donna , Haffar Assad , Mekhuzla Salome , Pierce Glenn F. , Flynn Barry , Márquez Carlos Safadi , Hermans Cedric , Garrido Cesar , Baumann Alain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) is a global network of national member organizations (NMOs) that advocate, collectively and individually, to improve lives of people with inherited bleeding disorders. The WFH vision of “Treatment for All” speaks to a future in which all people with an inherited bleeding disorder will have access to care, regardless of their gender or where they live.Over the last several years, initiatives including the WFH Humanitarian Aid program, the World Bleeding Disorders Registry, and Guidelines for the Management of Haemophilia and von Willebrand disease have significantly changed how the WFH and its partners work to improve and sustain care for people with bleeding disorders.Following an extensive consultation that included over 200 stakeholders from 70 countries, a Theory of Change was developed, and strategic priorities identified, to clearly define the WFH's intended impact and point of accountability to its stakeholders, and to determine how and through who those goals will be achieved. Both should help the WFH better support its NMOs and healthcare providers around the world in their efforts to improve access to diagnosis and care, as new therapies revolutionize the treatment landscape and the fallout of the global pandemic continues to challenge the ways in which we work and connect.Global collaboration of all stakeholders, based on their resources, objectives and skills, will be required to achieve these goals and to ensure more people have reliable access to safe treatment and care, regardless of their bleeding disorder, gender, or where they live.
Anthocyanin: a review of plant sources, extraction, stability, content determination and modifications
Authors: Guo Yuyan , Zhang Huan , Shao Shuang , Sun Shuang , Yang Dayu , Lv Shaowa 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAnthocyanins are flavonoids of the polyphenol family, which are secondary metabolites of natural products synthesised by blueberries, mulberry and other plants. As a natural edible pigment, it is not only plentiful, non‐toxic and safe, but also has high nutritional value and pharmacological effects. Several studies have shown that anthocyanins have many health benefits such as improving vision, promoting antioxidant activity, capturing free radicals and treating cancer in humans. They are becoming increasingly popular in the fields of food and medicine. However, in terms of their structures, natural anthocyanins are unstable, easily deteriorating under the influence of their own structures and external factors, which greatly limits their application. Therefore, it is particularly important to use appropriate extraction methods and techniques to enhance the stability of anthocyanins. This article summarises the current research on anthocyanins in terms of plant sources, extraction, stability, content determination and structural modifications, and provides a reference for improving their application in the fields of food and medicine.
Childhood sleep and obesity risk: A prospective cohort study of 10 000 Swedish children
Authors: Danial Ban , Faresjö Tomas , Fredriksson Mats , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: October 2022

SummaryObjectivesTo identify factors affecting early childhood sleep, and investigate the relationship between sleep and overweight/obesity in childhood.Study DesignData were collected using parental‐completed questionnaires fromN = 10.840 one‐year‐old children in the prospective ABIS‐study (All Babies in Southeast Sweden), followed up until 8 years of age. Chi‐squared test and Pearson Correlation were used to assess the relationship between covariates affecting the children's sleep. Subsequently, longitudinal mixed model analyses were used to predict the effect of different sleep dimensions (bedtime, sleep duration, sleep quality, and the number of awakenings) on BMI Z‐scores.ResultsChildren to parents born in Sweden, parents with higher education, non‐single parents, non‐smoking mothers during pregnancy, and children with fewer siblings, were more likely to have appropriate sleep habits at 1 year age. A greater number of awakenings and nocturnal feeds, and particularly later bedtime (β = −0.544,p < 0.0001) were linked to shorter sleep duration. Sleep duration early in life was negatively associated with BMI Z‐scores (adjusted effect estimate [95% CI]:β = −0.09, [(−0.15) – (−0.03)],p = 0.005) later. In addition, higher birth weight, small size for gestational age, unhealthy food habits, children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy, and higher parental BMI resulted in higher BMI Z‐scores.ConclusionThe child's BMI Z‐score increases by 0.09 units with every hour shorter sleep duration, indicating that short sleep duration might increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children. Parental educational interventions advising appropriate sleeping patterns should be considered when implementing strategies to combat the development of childhood obesity.
New insights and augmented Lagrangian algorithm for optimal portfolio liquidation with market impact
Authors: Xu Fengmin , Li Xuepeng , Dai Yu‐Hong , Wang Meihua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn financial markets, investors may be forced to unwind their portfolios to meet a determined leverage ratio within regulatory policy or risk management requirements. This paper studies the optimal portfolio liquidation problem with market impact. Some new insights are given into this problem, and trading orders are discussed for various financial parameters. Specifically, we establish the equivalence between equity and liability maximization. This means if one wants to maximize the equity, it is to maximize the liability and vice versa. The computational complexity of the problem is examined to be NP‐hard. We expose the hidden convexity through monotonicity analysis and linearization techniques. Although good properties are established for the Lagrangian algorithm, a counter‐example is constructed to show one deficiency of this algorithm. Therefore, we propose an augmented Lagrangian algorithm for solving the problem. The inverse Hessian of the augmented Lagrangian function is explicitly calculated for the subproblem solved by the projected Newton method. Meanwhile, we consider how to choose a good initial point, which is essential for seeking a high‐quality solution. Some numerical results are presented, which validate the usefulness of the augmented Lagrangian algorithm.