bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two traditions of cognitive sociology: An analysis and assessment of their cognitive and methodological assumptions
Authors: Kaidesoja Tuukka , Hyyryläinen Mikko , Puustinen Ronny 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCognitive sociology has been split into cultural and interdisciplinary traditions that position themselves differently in relation to the cognitive sciences and make incompatible assumptions about cognition. This article provides an analysis and assessment of the cognitive and methodological assumptions of these two traditions from the perspective of the mechanistic theory of explanation. We argue that while the cultural tradition of cognitive sociology has provided important descriptions about how human cognition varies across cultural groups and historical periods, it has not opened up the black box of cognitive mechanisms that produce and sustain this variation. This means that its explanations for the described phenomena have remained weak. By contrast, the interdisciplinary tradition of cognitive sociology has sought to integrate cognitive scientific concepts and methods into explanatory research on how culture influences action and how culture is stored in memory. Although we grant that interdisciplinary cognitive sociologists have brought many fresh ideas, concepts and methods to cultural sociology from the cognitive sciences, they have not always clarified their assumptions about cognition and their models have sketched only a few specific cognitive mechanisms through which culture influences action, meaning that they have not yet provided a comprehensive explanatory understanding of the interactions between culture, cognition and action.
Are environmental problems a barometer of corruption in the eyes of residents? Evidence from China
Authors: Yan Guoyao , Hao Yu , Guo Yunxia , Wu Haitao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActual environmental pollution will worsen people's perception of environmental problems, which may affect people's perception of government corruption, and thus affect the governments' credibility and social stability. From the micro perspective of residents' comprehensive feelings on environmental issues, this paper uses panel data for the period 2014–2018 obtained from a large‐scale dynamics survey in China to investigate the impact of environmental issues on corruption perception. The empirical results suggest that residents' perception of environmental problems has a significantly positive linear correlation with their corruption perception. Moreover, the causal explanation of this correlation is strengthened after the introduction of exogenous environmental condition variables that profoundly affect residents' environmental perception and after mitigating endogenous bias via the instrumental variable method. The findings of this study deeply reveal the political value of environmental governance, suggesting that the deterioration of environmental problems can increase public perception of government corruption, and this relationship is distinct in different demographic groups.
Higher risk of kidney function decline with entecavir than tenofovir alafenamide in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jung Chan‐Young , Kim Hyung Woo , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beom Seok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsEntecavir (ETV) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are the preferred agents in patients with predisposing factors for nephrotoxicity, but no studies to date have directly compared the renal safety of the two antiviral agents. Hence, we compared the risk of kidney function decline among patients with treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with ETV or TAF.MethodsThis study included 1988 patients with treatment‐naïve CHB who were treated with ETV (n = 1839) or TAF (n = 149) between 2007 and 2020 for ETV and between 2017 and 2020 for TAF. The primary outcome was chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, defined as an increase in CKD stage by at least one stage for at least three consecutive months.ResultsA 1:1 propensity score match yielded 149 patients in each treatment group. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 100.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 101.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the ETV and TAF groups respectively. A total of 61 patients developed a progression in CKD stage ≥ 1, of which 47 and 14 patients were from the ETV‐ and TAF‐treated groups respectively (19.9 vs. 5.1 per 1000 person‐years; p < .001). The risk of progression in CKD stage ≥1 was significantly higher in patients treated with ETV, even when adjusted for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio 4.05; 95% CI 2.14–7.68; p < .001).ConclusionsETV was associated with a higher risk of kidney function decline than TAF in patients with treatment‐naïve CHB. Therefore, further prospective randomized studies are needed.
Implementation of HCV screening in the 1969–1989 birth‐cohort undergoing COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: D’Ambrosio Roberta , Rizzardini Giuliano , Puoti Massimo , Fagiuoli Stefano , Anolli Maria Paola , Gabiati Claudia , D’Amico Federico , Pasulo Luisa , Restelli Umberto , Colombo Massimo , Lampertico Pietro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe World Health Organization (WHO) goal of hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030 relies on the scaling‐up of both identification and linkage to care of the infected population, worldwide. In Italy, the estimated burden of HCV carriers who are unaware of their infection amounts to 200 000 persons, a projection that reinforces the need for broadening population access to effective screening programmes.MethodsA pivotal screening programme targeting subjects born between 1969 and 1989 has been conducted in Lombardy, Northern Italy, where point‐of‐care (POC) testing was offered for free concomitantly to COVID‐19 vaccination.ResultsAmongst 7219 subjects born between 1969 and 1989 who underwent HCV screening through POC, 7 (0.10%) subjects tested anti‐HCV positive: 5 (0.07%) had confirmed anti‐HCV positivity (Table 1) and 4 of them (0.05%) were HCV‐RNA positive by standard confirmation tests.ConclusionsThis pivotal study demonstrated the feasibility of a POC‐based anti‐HCV screening programme in young adults undergoing COVID‐19 vaccination. The prevalence of HCV infection in subjects born in the 1969–1989 cohort in Italy seems to be lower than previously estimated. Whether the extension of this programme to subjects born before 1969 could lead to improved screening effectiveness should be a matter of debate.
A global review of the conservation threats and status of mustelids
Authors: Wright Patrick G. R. , Croose Elizabeth , Macpherson Jenny L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe family Mustelidae is the largest among the order Carnivora. While we know a great deal about certain species, there is still a lack of information about many mustelids.We first investigated the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List species‐level assessments for each mustelid species. Then, we undertook a systematic review of the scientific literature with the aim of identifying the primary threats and subthreats reported, and which species are most studied. Threats are defined by the IUCN as “the proximate human activities or processes that have impacted, are impacting, or may impact the status of the taxon”.We analysed 1003 published articles. For each article, we collected year of publication, geographical zone of each study, species studied, and the threats and subthreats identified.The majority of species (62%) were classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, but 31 out of 63 species were found to be declining globally and only two species were increasing. The species studied and location of studies were biased, with 72% of studies undertaken in North America or Europe and focussing on very few species. A high proportion of species distributed predominantly in the tropics were categorised as declining, and threats linked with hunting, fishing, and logging were identified as the most common for mustelids by the IUCN Red List and in the scientific literature. Differences in the proportion of threats affecting each subfamily were also reported.The nature of threats varies in different parts of the world and between species. It is essential to undertake more research with a strong focus towards species in highly biodiverse regions. A greater understanding of threats such as wildlife pet trade, emerging diseases, and climate change must also be central to prevent declines.
Deubiquitinase Ubp3 regulates ribophagy and deubiquitinates Smo1 for appressorium‐mediated infection by Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Cai Xuan , Xiang Shikun , He Wenhui , Tang Mengxi , Zhang Shimei , Chen Deng , Zhang Xinrong , Liu Caiyun , Li Guotian , Xing Junjie , Li Yunfeng , Chen Xiao‐Lin , Nie Yanfang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Ubp family of deubiquitinating enzymes has been found to play important roles in plant‐pathogenic fungi, but their regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the regulatory mechanism of the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp3 during the infection process of Magnaporthe oryzae. AUBP3 deletion mutant was severely defective in appressorium turgor accumulation, leading to the impairment of appressorial penetration. During appressorium formation, the mutant was also defective in glycogen and lipid metabolism. Interestingly, we found that nitrogen starvation and rapamycin treatment induced the ribophagy process in M. oryzae, which is closely dependent on Ubp3. In the ∆ubp3 mutant, the ribosome proteins and rRNAs were not well degraded on nitrogen starvation and rapamycin treatment. We also found that Ubp3 interacted with the GTPase‐activating protein Smo1 and regulated its de‐ubiquitination. Ubp3‐dependent de‐ubiquitination of Smo1 may be required for Smo1 to coordinate Ras signalling. Taken together, our results showed at least two roles of Ubp3 in M. oryzae: it regulates the ribophagy process and it regulates de‐ubiquitination of GTPase‐activating protein Smo1 for appressorium‐mediated infection.
“I found myself alone” – A phenomenological study of the home care workers' experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Simeone Silvio , Vellone Ercole , Virgolesi Michele , Sterling Madeline R. , Alvaro Rosaria , Pucciarelli Gianluca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHome care workers (HCWs) are a highly heterogeneous population in Italy in terms of their professional qualifications. HCWs play an important role in helping patients affected by chronic diseases and their families. Although many investigators have studied the lived experiences of family caregivers, few have been conducted “to give a voice” to HCWs and even fewer have examined the experiences of HCWs during the present COVID‐19 pandemic. We investigated the lived experiences of HCWs during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy. Cohen's phenomenological research approach was used to conduct this study. In our study, we enrolled and interviewed 19 HCWs who were female, and most were married, with an average age of 52 years. The participants were enrolled from September 2020 to November 2020, after the first COVID‐19 wave in Italy. Four main themes emerged from the analysis of the data: (1) “I found myself alone”; (2) from invisibility to visibility; (3) a fear of getting sick and infecting others; and (4) “Health or work? That is the question.” Understanding HCWs' lived experiences, especially those related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, is a first step in giving a voice to this important but vulnerable population in the healthcare workforce.
Review of the indications, methods, and clinical utility of anorectal manometry and the rectal balloon expulsion test
Authors: Bharucha Adil E. , Basilisco Guido , Malcolm Allison , Lee Tae Hee , Hoy Matthew B. , Scott S. Mark , Rao Satish S. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnorectal manometry (ARM) comprehensively assesses anorectal sensorimotor functions.PurposeThis review examines the indications, techniques, interpretation, strengths, and weaknesses of high‐resolution ARM (HR‐ARM), 3‐dimensional high‐resolution anorectal manometry (3D‐HR‐ARM), and portable ARM, and other assessments (i.e., rectal sensation and rectal balloon expulsion test) that are performed alongside manometry. It is based on a literature search of articles related to ARM in adults. HR‐ARM and 3D‐HR‐ARM are useful for diagnosing defecatory disorders (DD), to identify anorectal sensorimotor dysfunction and guide management in patients with fecal incontinence (FI), constipation, megacolon, and megarectum; and to screen for anorectal structural (e.g., rectal intussusception) abnormalities. The rectal balloon expulsion test is a useful, low‐cost, radiation‐free, outpatient assessment tool for impaired evacuation that is performed and interpreted in conjunction with ARM. The anorectal function tests should be interpreted with reference to age‐ and sex‐matched normal values, clinical features, and results of other tests. A larger database of technique‐specific normal values and newer paradigms of analyzing anorectal pressure profiles will increase the precision and diagnostic utility of HR‐ARM for identifying abnormal mechanisms of defecation and continence.
Mechanical loading mitigates osteoarthritis symptoms by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment in a mouse model
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Li Xinle , Li Jie , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Daquan , Zhai Lidong , Ding Beibei , Li Guang , Sun Yuting , Yokota Hiroki , Zhang Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases, in which inflammatory responses in the articular cavity induce chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration. While mechanical loading is reported to mitigate synovial inflammation, the mechanism and pathways for the loading‐driven improvement of OA symptoms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the loading effects on M1/M2 polarization of synovial macrophages via performing histology, cytology, and molecular analyses. In the OA group, the cell layer of the synovial lining was enlarged with an increase in cell density. Also, M1 macrophages were polarized and proinflammatory cytokines were increased. In contrast, in the OA group with mechanical loading, cartilage degradation was reduced and synovial inflammation was alleviated. Notably, the M1 macrophages were diminished by mechanical loading, while M2 macrophages were increased. Furthermore, mechanical loading decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and suppressed PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB signaling. Taken together, this study demonstrates that mechanical loading changes the ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages via regulation of PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB signaling and provides cartilage protection in the mouse OA model.
A pragmatic approach to estimating nondiscriminatory non‐tariff trade costs
Authors: Herman Peter R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMethods for estimating nondiscriminatory trade costs exhibit challenges in terms of data requirements or the ability to isolate the effects of specific policies. I propose a two‐stage approach that mitigates these limitations. It uses a structural gravity model to first estimate country‐level measures of aggregate nondiscriminatory trade costs. It then econometrically decomposes the aggregate costs into specific costs associated with policies while controlling for non‐cost factors that erroneously contribute to the aggregate estimates. Using the approach, I estimate specific costs for common non‐tariff measures and find they can represent significant barriers to trade, equivalent to a 0.9% tariff per measure.
Apple MdMYB306‐like inhibits anthocyanin synthesis by directly interacting with MdMYB17 and MdbHLH33
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhang Zhen , Li Li‐Xian , Wang Hai‐Bo , Zhou Hui , Chen Xue‐Sen , Feng Shou‐Qian 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYAnthocyanin is one of the most important pigments and nutrients in fruits. Genes encoding R2R3‐MYB transcription factors (TFs) are key to anthocyanin regulation. R2R3‐MYB activators have been widely studied in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. However, the mechanism by which R2R3‐MYB repressors negatively regulate anthocyanin synthesis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized a subfamily 1 R2R3‐MYB anthocyanin repressor gene, MYB306‐like, from apple (Malus × domestica) and demonstrated its significance in anthocyanin regulation. The MdMYB306‐like protein activates the expression of an anthocyanin repressor gene, MdMYB17, and inhibits the expression of MdDFR (an anthocyanin structural gene) by directly binding to the corresponding promoters. The MdMYB306‐like protein interacts with MdMYB17 and MdbHLH33 through its N‐terminus. In addition, MdMYB306‐like interacts with MdbHLH33 and MdMYB17 to enhance its regulatory activities on MdMYB17 and MdDFR, respectively. Our results revealed that the MdMYB306‐like protein, in conjunction with MdMYB17 and MdbHLH33, forms a key regulatory module to fine‐tune anthocyanin synthesis in apple.
Overexpression of pea α‐carboxyltransferase in Arabidopsis and camelina increases fatty acid synthesis leading to improved seed oil content
Authors: Wang Minmin , Garneau Matthew G. , Poudel Arati N. , Lamm Daniel , Koo Abraham J. , Bates Philip D. , Thelen Jay J. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYHeteromeric acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (htACCase) catalyzes the committed step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in most plant plastids. Plant htACCase is comprised of four subunits: α‐ and β‐carboxyltransferase (α‐ and β‐CT), biotin carboxylase, and biotin carboxyl carrier protein. Based on in vivo absolute quantification of htACCase subunits, α‐CT is 3‐ to 10‐fold less abundant than its partner subunit β‐CT in developing Arabidopsis seeds [Wilson and Thelen, J. Proteome Res., 2018, 17 (5)]. To test the hypothesis that low expression of α‐CT limits htACCase activity and flux through fatty acid synthesis in planta, we overexpressed Pisum sativum α‐CT, either with or without its C‐terminal non‐catalytic domain, in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. First‐generation Arabidopsis seed of 35S::Ps α‐CT (n = 25) and 35S::Ps α‐CTΔ406‐875 (n = 47) were on average 14% higher in oil content (% dry weight) than wild type co‐cultivated in a growth chamber. First‐generation camelina seed showed an average 8% increase compared to co‐cultivated wild type. Biochemical analyses confirmed the accumulation of Ps α‐CT and Ps α‐CTΔ406‐875 protein and higher htACCase activity in overexpression lines during early seed development. Overexpressed Ps α‐CT co‐migrated with native At β‐CT during anion exchange chromatography, indicating co‐association. By successfully increasing seed oil content upon heterologous overexpression of α‐CT, we demonstrate how absolute quantitation of in vivo protein complex stoichiometry can be used to guide rational metabolic engineering.
Arabidopsis mediator subunit 17 connects transcription with DNA repair after UV‐B exposure
Authors: Giustozzi Marisol , Freytes Santiago Nicolás , Jaskolowski Aime , Lichy Micaela , Mateos Julieta , Falcone Ferreyra María Lorena , Rosano Germán L. , Cerdán Pablo , Casati Paula 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYMediator 17 (MED17) is a subunit of the Mediator complex that regulates transcription initiation in eukaryotic organisms. In yeast and humans, MED17 also participates in DNA repair, physically interacting with proteins of the nucleotide excision DNA repair system, but this function in plants has not been investigated. We studied the role of MED17 in Arabidopsis plants exposed to UV‐B radiation. Our results demonstrate that med17 and OE MED17 plants have altered responses to UV‐B, and that MED17 participates in various aspects of the DNA damage response (DDR). Comparison of the med17 transcriptome with that of wild‐type (WT) plants showed that almost one‐third of transcripts with altered expression in med17 plants were also changed by UV‐B exposure in WT plants. Increased sensitivity to DNA damage after UV‐B in med17 plants could result from the altered regulation of UV‐B responsive transcripts but MED17 also physically interacts with DNA repair proteins, suggesting a direct role of this Mediator subunit during repair. Finally, we show that MED17 is necessary to regulate the DDR activated by ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), and that programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) overexpression reverts the deficiencies in DDR shown in med17 mutants. Our data demonstrate that MED17 is an important regulator of DDR after UV‐B irradiation in Arabidopsis.
Hematology reference intervals during the prepartum period, first week after calving, and peak lactation in clinically healthy Holstein cows
Authors: Tsiamadis Vangelis , Kougioumtzis Alexandros , Siachos Nektarios , Panousis Nikolaos , Kritsepi‐Konstantinou Maria , Valergakis Georgios E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDairy cows face precipitous metabolic adaptations during the first postpartum week. Increasing knowledge of their hematologic profiles during this period could benefit both veterinary clinical pathologists and bovine practitioners. The objectives of this study were: (a) to establish period‐specific RIs for Holstein dairy cows and (b) to assess the potential simultaneous effect of several factors on hematology parameters. Blood samples from clinically healthy cows of nine herds were used to establish hematology RIs for these periods. There were 68 cows in the prepartum period (PP), 247 and 218 cows at 2 and 8 days after calving (2 and 8 days in milk [DIM 2 and DIM 8], respectively), and 87 cows in peak lactation (PL). A complete blood count evaluation was performed using the ADVIA 120 analyzer. Linear models estimated the analytes associated with parity. RIs were calculated with Reference Value Advisor. Parity had a significant effect on analytes at all stages. Marked differences were evident between DIM 2 and 8 regarding red blood cell (RBC) counts, hematocrits, hemoglobin concentrations, and white blood cell (WBC), monocyte, and eosinophil counts. Reference intervals of RBC counts, hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations at DIM 2 were higher than those at PP and PL. This study provides evidence that period‐specific RIs should be used for Holstein cows when making clinical decisions, especially during the critical first week postpartum.