bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cracking performance in edge restrained RC walls
Authors: Elwakeel Abobakr , Shehzad Muhammad , El Khoury Karim , Vollum Robert , Forth John , Izzuddin Bassam , Nikitas Nikolaos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExcessive cracking due to restraint of thermal and shrinkage strains is a widespread problem in the concrete construction industry. In design, restraint induced cracking is managed by the provision of reinforcement intended to distribute internal strains in such a way as to control the cracking pattern and limit crack widths. The area of secondary (horizontal) reinforcement required in members such as retaining walls and water tanks is often governed by the need to control early age thermal cracking. This paper presents results from four edge restrained walls tested at Imperial College London and the University of Leeds as part of an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council funded project into restraint induced cracking. The paper describes the development of volumetric strain and cracking in the tested walls. The cracking performance is assessed by comparing the restrained strain with the tensile strain capacity of concrete.
Trophic Ecology and Resource Partitioning of Common Snook and Mexican Snook in the Usumacinta River Delta
Authors: Aragón‐Flores Edgar Abraham , Rodiles‐Hernández Rocío , Soria‐Barreto Miriam , Montaña Carmen G. , Castillo María Mercedes , Cazzanelli Matteo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoexisting species often develop resource‐partitioning mechanisms to reduce their direct competition and optimize energy harvesting. Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis and Mexican Snook C. poeyi are carnivorous fish that coexist in estuaries of the Usumacinta River delta, in the southern Gulf of Mexico, and play an important role for fisheries and economy in this region. We analyzed spatial, temporal, and ontogenetic variability in trophic dynamics and distribution of Common and Mexican snooks. To identify patterns of trophic resource partitioning, we analyzed stomach content and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of the two species. Fifty‐one prey items were identified, with fish remains being the most abundant component (>35%). The two snook species appeared to be specialized carnivores of the third or fourth trophic level. Diet comparison indicated significant differences among species: Common Snook presented a higher proportion of fish from the families Engraulidae, Clupeidae, and Elopidae, while Mexican Snook consumed a higher fraction of fish from the families Cichlidae, Poeciliidae, and Loricariidae. The diet also presented significant variations between size‐classes. Small‐sized (<350 mm SL) Common Snook showed significantly higher reliance on invertebrates than large‐sized fish (>500 mm SL). Medium‐sized (351–499 mm SL) Mexican Snook consumed a higher proportion of Poeciliidae fish than small‐sized or large‐sized fish. The diet of the two snook species also presented important differences among seasons and sites. Trophic niche overlap between Common and Mexican snooks varied among systems, with higher overlap in the Pom−Atasta system than in the Palizada River. This study indicates that Common Snook and Mexican Snook have developed strategies for spatial partitioning of resources that favor their coexistence in the Usumacinta River delta.
Effects of Supplementation in Upper Yakima River Chinook Salmon
Authors: Koch Ilana J. , Seamons Todd R. , Galbreath Peter F. , Nuetzel Hayley M. , Matala Andrew P. , Warheit Kenneth I. , Fast David E. , Johnston Mark V. , Strom Charles R. , Narum Shawn R. , Bosch William J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo promote recovery of natural salmonid populations, managers are utilizing hatchery supplementation programs to increase abundance of spawners on the spawning grounds. However, studies have provided evidence that captive breeding can result in domestication, demonstrated by lower fitness of hatchery‐origin compared with natural‐origin fish. Supplementation programs, therefore, typically use natural‐origin broodstock in an effort to minimize long‐term negative fitness impacts. Here we evaluated the upper Yakima River spring supplementation program for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which has broodstock comprised exclusively of unmarked fish presumed to be of natural‐origin. Using 5 years of spawner data, we tested for effects of hatchery breeding and rearing on total adult returns and their individual reproductive success when spawning naturally. Our study revealed that supplementation increased overall abundance of fish spawning naturally on the spawning grounds. However, on average, compared with natural‐origin spawners, hatchery‐origin fish had reduced reproductive success, which also translated to reduced reproductive success in three out of five return years for natural‐origin fish that spawned with hatchery‐origin fish. As expected, body length and return timing were also significant predictors of reproductive success. However, more generations of data are needed to establish the extent to which reduced reproductive success is passed on to naturally produced progeny.
Ion beam assisted electron gun deposition of MgF2 thin films
Authors: Shakoury Reza , Khanlary Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Mohammad , Kamali Seyed Hasan 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA traditional method for increasing the density of the optical films, is heating the substrate. An alternative way to increase the density of the film, is bombardment of substrate by ions during film growth. This method is known as ion assisted deposition (IAD). In this paper, magnesium fluoride, MgF2, thin film has been produced on a glass substrate by ion assisted deposition method. The effects of ion energy have been studied on density and refractive index film. Reflection, transmission and scattering spectra of the samples were measured by a spectrophotometer. Moreover, Atomic force microscope (AFM) is prepared. Using these measurements, optical and physical properties of the films are analyzed. A sample of MgF2 film has been produced without ion bombardment so that one can compare the effect of ion bombardment.
Extracapsular sling technique for treatment of three canine caudoventral hip luxation cases
Authors: Martin Chloé , Cabon Quentin , Dembour Thierry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to report surgical stabilisation of caudoventral coxofemoral luxation by an extra‐articular technique in dogs. Medical records from caudoventral coxofemoral luxations in dogs and cats presented at our institution between January 2012 and December 2020 were reviewed. Caudoventral luxations were relatively rare and were found in one cat and in 13 dogs. Three cases of surgical stabilisation using a ventral coxofemoral approach were reviewed, replacing function of the transverse acetabular ligament using a figure of eight braided suture passed around two pelvic screws and one femoral screw. Functional recovery was obtained in all three cases, without complication or re‐luxation. Extra‐articular stabilisation using a sling implant is a simple, effective method for treatment of caudoventral coxofemoral luxation in dogs.
Entwicklung des klinischen Risikomanagements in deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Bartz Hans-Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDas klinische Risikomanagement (kRM) unterstützt Mitarbeitende im Gesundheitswesen dabei, Risiken bei der Patient:innenversorgung zu erkennen, zu reduzieren und zu bewältigen. Es ist für alle ambulanten und stationären Einrichtungen des deutschen Gesundheitswesens verpflichtend. Die Inhalte des kRM sind im Fünften Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V), der Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA), dem Patientenrechtegesetz und in Normen geregelt. Darüber hinaus gibt es die Empfehlungen des Aktionsbündnisses Patientensicherheit (APS). Der G‑BA weist explizit auf Mindeststandards hin. Diese gelten für das Risikomanagement, das Fehlermanagement, die Fehlermeldesysteme, das Beschwerdemanagement sowie die Nutzung von Checklisten bei operativen Eingriffen.Der Gesetzgeber fordert, die Wirksamkeit des kRM regelmäßig zu überprüfen. Fragebogenerhebungen zum kRM in Deutschland zeigen insgesamt eine positive Entwicklung. Die Daten sind jedoch für eine umfassende Bewertung nicht hinreichend. Es sollten deshalb methodisch belastbare Verfahren entwickelt werden, die den Status des kRM deutlich häufiger und regelmäßiger überprüfen. Struktur‑, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualitätsdaten sollten systematisch erhoben und, bezogen auf die Einrichtungen, vergleichend dargestellt werden.Chancen für das klinische Risikomanagement ergeben sich aus dem Global Action Safety Plan der Weltgesundheitsorganisation, Fortschritten in der Digitalisierung, der Integration des klinischen Risikomanagements in ein Organisationsrisikomanagement und der Verbesserung der Strukturqualität. Dem kRM muss in der täglichen Routine von Ärzt:innen und Pflegekräften noch mehr Raum gegeben werden. Dazu bedarf es Kompetenz und personeller Ressourcen im kRM. Diese sind in deutschen Krankenhäusern nicht ausreichend vorhanden.
Efficient aeroelastic wing optimization through a compact aerofoil decomposition approach
Authors: Poole Daniel J. , Allen Christian B. , Rendall Thomas C. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEfficient optimization of an aeroelastic wing is presented through multi-disciplinary analysis using low-dimensional modal design variables. Much work in wing optimization has concentrated on high-fidelity surface control, therefore utilising often hundreds of design variables. However, whilst fine surface control can be useful, problems can arise such as large disparities in design variable values when planform variables are introduced, slow convergence speeds, and lack of compatibility with global algorithms. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to filter the design space of this problem to reduce the dimensionality and complexity of the problem. Orthogonal geometric design variables are derived in the geometric space via singular value decomposition. Orthogonality of design variables leads to a well-conditioned design space and ensures effective optimizer convergence. These variables are applied in a sectional fashion for fixed planform drag minimization of a flexible transonic wing, using a gradient-based optimizer. Shock-free solutions are demonstrated when optimizing a rigid wing, indicating suitability of the aerofoil modes for sectional-based wing optimization. However, it is shown that these wings have poor performance when subsequently deformed under flight loads, hence optimisation including full aeroelastic performance is performed. Encouragingly, shock-free solutions are again computed. Loading is shifted outboard, leading to increased tip deflection. Monotonic improvement in the objective function (drag) with increase in dimensionality is also proven. Furthermore, applying these sectional deformation modes globally across the wing with only 10 design variable leads to a 28% drag reduction, which is within 7 drag counts of when the modes are applied locally through 82 design variables. This therefore opens the possibility of introducing global optimization algorithms to high-fidelity aeroelastic wing optimization.
Osteocondritis dissecans lesions of the knee restored by bone marrow aspirate concentrate. Clinical and imaging results in 18 patients
Authors: Baldassarri Matteo , Buda Roberto , Perazzo Luca , Ghinelli Diego , Sarino Ricciardello , Grigolo Brunella , Faldini Cesare 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a common cartilage disorder that specifically affects the knees of skeletally immature and young adult patients. There have been a few treatments that have been proposed: fixation of the fragment, drilling, microfractures. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively clinical and imaging results obtained by treating it with one-step bone marrow-derived cells Transplantation (BMDCT) technique.

Methods
From 2007 to 2014, 18 patients (mean-age 19.1 ± 5.0 years) affected by OCD were treated with one-step BMDC transplantation. In our observational study, clinical evaluation was performed at a scheduled follow-up through IKDC, Tegner, KOOS and EQ-VAS. X-rays and MRI were conducted preoperatively and at 12 months. At final follow-up, MRI MOCART Score was evaluated.

Results
IKDC and KOOS clinical scores showed a progressive increase. Tegner Score at final follow-up (5.3 ± 2.7) was significantly lower compared to the pre-injury level (6.5 ± 2.1); however, these results showed a statistically significant improvement that remained over time. EQ-VAS showed a significant improvement in every follow-up measure. MRI Mocart Score showed a complete or almost complete filling of the lesion in 13 patients.

Conclusions
“One-step” technique allows articular surface restoration with viable physiologic osteochondral tissue with a high clinical efficacy and imaging results. The number of cases is still limited, and further studies with larger sample sizes and greater follow-up evaluations are required to confirm our results. Nevertheless, we believe that BMDCT may represent a suitable option to treat OCD lesion in young adults.
Understanding the impact of temporal scale on human movement analytics
Authors: Su Rongxiang , Dodge Somayeh , Goulias Konstadinos G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMovement is manifested through a series of patterns at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Movement data today are becoming available at increasingly fine-grained temporal granularity. These observations often represent multiple behavioral modes and complex patterns along the movement path. However, the relationships between the observation scale of movement data and the analysis scales at which movement patterns are captured remain understudied. This article aims at investigating the role of temporal scale in movement data analytics. It takes up an important question of “how do decisions surrounding the scale of movement data and analyses impact our inferences about movement patterns?” Through a set of computational experiments in the context of human movement, we take a systematic look at the impact of varying temporal scales on common movement analytics techniques including trajectory analytics to calculate movement parameters (e.g., speed, path tortuosity), estimation of individual space usage, and interactions analysis to detect potential contacts between multiple mobile individuals.
Coagulation/fibrinolysis and circulating tumor cells in patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Dirix Luc Y. , Oeyen Steffi , Buys Andy , Liégois Vincent , Prové Annemie , Van De Mooter Tom , Van Laere Steven , Vermeulen Peter B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the relationship between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and standard coagulation tests in both a discovery and a validation cohort of patients with advanced breast cancer.

Methods
In a retrospective (n = 77) and a prospective (n = 92) study of patients with progressive advanced breast cancer, CTC count, platelet number, fibrinogen level, D-dimers, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were measured. The association between these coagulation studies and CTC count was analyzed. The impact of these measurements on overall survival (OS) was assessed.

Results
In both cohorts, results were similar; absolute CTC count was significantly associated to D-dimer level and inversely with platelet count. In the prospective cohort, quantification of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) was associated with CTC count, and with coagulation abnormalities (low platelet count and increased D-dimers). tdEVs did not add to CTC count in predicting changes in platelets or D-dimers. In multivariate analysis only CTC ≥ 5 CTC/7.5 mL, ER status, HER2 status and lines of chemotherapy were associated with OS. In patients with terminally metastatic breast cancer, very high CTC counts are prevalent.

Conclusion
A significant association exists between increasing CTC number and increased D-dimers and decreased platelet counts, suggesting a potential role for CTCs as a direct contributor of intravascular coagulation activation. In patients with advanced and progressive breast cancer, abnormalities in routine coagulation tests is the rule. In patients with terminally advanced breast cancer a “leukemic” phase with high CTC count is prevalent.
Perinatal exposure to pesticides alters synaptic plasticity signaling and induces behavioral deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: López-Merino Esperanza , Cuartero María I. , Esteban José A. , Briz Víctor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence from animal and epidemiological studies indicates that perinatal exposure to pesticides cause developmental neurotoxicity and may increase the risk for psychiatric disorders such as autism and intellectual disability. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely elusive. This work was aimed at testing the hypothesis that developmental exposure to different classes of pesticides hijacks intracellular neuronal signaling contributing to synaptic and behavioral alterations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Low concentrations of organochlorine (dieldrin, endosulfan, and chlordane) and organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and its oxon metabolite) pesticides were chronically dosed ex vivo (organotypic rat hippocampal slices) or in vivo (perinatal exposure in rats), and then biochemical, electrophysiological, behavioral, and proteomic studies were performed. All the pesticides tested caused prolonged activation of MAPK/ERK pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, some of them impaired metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD). In the case of the pesticide chlordane, the effect was attributed to chronic modulation of MAPK/ERK signaling. These synaptic alterations were reproduced following developmental in vivo exposure to chlordane and chlorpyrifos-oxon, and were also associated with prototypical behavioral phenotypes of NDD, including impaired motor development, increased anxiety, and social and memory deficits. Lastly, proteomic analysis revealed that these pesticides differentially regulate the expression of proteins in the hippocampus with pivotal roles in brain development and synaptic signaling, some of which are associated with NDD. Based on these results, we propose a novel mechanism of synaptic dysfunction, involving chronic overactivation of MAPK and impaired mGluR-LTD, shared by different pesticides which may have important implications for NDD.
Graphical abstract
Simulations to Teach Science Subjects: Connections Among Students’ Engagement, Self-Confidence, Satisfaction, and Learning Styles
Authors: Almasri Firas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the increasing technology integration practices in education, the adoption of computer simulations to teach conceptual understanding of science concepts is widely accepted by educators across the globe. To understand the connections between learners’ engagement and satisfaction with simulations for science learning and their learning styles, the present study analyzed 1034 university students' perceptions and experiences of using simulations for learning physics, chemistry, and biology subjects. The study took place in a large public university in a gulf country. Precisely, this study provides an empirically driven exploration of the connection between tertiary students' engagement and satisfaction with simulation-based learning and their learning styles. The findings of this study showed that the participants showed a very high level of engagement and satisfaction with the use of simulations for learning science concepts in the subjects of physics, chemistry, and biology. Their self-confidence and VAK learning styles, particularly the kinesthetic style, were significant predictors of their engagement and satisfaction with the learning process. The findings from this study have implications for the benefit of researchers and practitioners interested in the effective adoption of computer simulations as a pedagogical approach in science education.
Stakeholder participation, indicators, assessment, and decision-making: applying adaptive management at the watershed scale
Authors: Zuniga-Teran Adriana A. , Fisher Larry A. , Meixner Thomas , Le Tourneau François-Michel , Postillion Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change, population growth, and declining federal budgets are threatening the health of ecosystems, and the services they provide. Under these changing conditions, managing landscapes and resources assumes new and unprecedented challenges. Adaptive management has been identified as a natural resource management approach that allows practitioners to incorporate change and uncertainty into decision-making through an iterative process that involves long-term monitoring and continued review and adjustment of management actions. However, the success of these efforts in watershed health relies on the collective and sustained monitoring of indicators, which is seldom studied. The purpose of this analysis is to examine (1) the practical challenge of choosing a list of indicators for long-term monitoring, (2) the negotiation process among stakeholders around the selection and interpretation of indicators, and (3) the communication tools that can be used to convey the assessment’s results and findings. To do this, we analyze our ongoing work in the Cienega Watershed in southern Arizona. Our analysis shows that the selective use of indicators, regular assessment and review, and establishment of partnerships among stakeholders are all important elements in establishing effective adaptive management efforts. The selection of indicators and data sources is a moving target that requires regular consensus and review among stakeholders. The assessment itself is also a powerful engagement tool with the public at large, providing legitimacy and support to land management decision-making. Here, we outline some lessons learned that can be transferred to other cases and identify potential barriers for engagement, decision-making, and project success.
Monitoring of the copper persistence on plant leaves using pulsed thermography
Authors: Rippa Massimo , Battaglia Valerio , Cermola Michele , Sicignano Mariarosaria , Lahoz Ernesto , Mormile Pasquale 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCopper-based fungicides are largely used in agriculture in the control of a wide range of plant diseases. Applied on plants, they remain deposited on leaf surfaces and are not absorbed into plant tissues. Because of accumulation problems and their ecotoxicological profiles in the soil, their use needs to be monitored and controlled, also by using modern technologies to better optimize the efficacy rendering minimum the amount of copper per season used. In this work, we test a novel approach based on pulsed thermography to evaluate the persistence of the copper on plant leaves so that the time between two applications should be the minimum needs. We monitored the thermal response observed on different treatments of both grapevine and tobacco plants over a 3-week period. Our experimental results demonstrate that the new methodological approach based on pulsed thermography can be an effective tool to evaluate in real time the presence of copper on differently treated plants allowing a tentative quantification and, therefore, to optimize its use in the agricultural practices, according also to the European Regulation n. 1107/2009.