bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Landsat-8 images in the estimation of the surface radiation balance
Authors: Alves Laurizio Emanuel Ribeiro , De Freita Ismael Guidson Farias , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos , Santos Maurílio Neemias dos 
Published: September 2022

The variation of the biophysical parameters is fundamental for the understanding of the dynamics of the land use and coverage in the estimation of the surface radiation balance.In this context, the objective is to evaluate and validate the surface radiation balance for the Mogi Guaçu River Basin (MGRB) using Landsat-8 images and the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) algorithm.For the study used a Landsat-8 image orbits 220 and point 75 for the day 15/06/2015 and data from automatic stations Pradópolis and São Carlos (SP).The image processing was performed in the Qgis 2.18 software, where it performed the atmospheric correction (reflectance and radiance), then the albedo, temperature, emissivity, vegetation index, short wave and incident finally the radiation balance.The results showed that the dynamics of soil use and cover changes the final radiation balance, once the lowest values of albedo and temperature presented higher values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Radiation balance, whereas higher values of albedo and temperature were noticed lower values of NDVI and Radiation Balance.The relative error obtained by the comparison of the measured and estimated radiation balance was around 4.35% showing the good accuracy of the Landsat-8 images for the estimation.
Creation of Hyper spectral library and Lithological discrimination of Granite rocks using SVCHR -1024: Lab based approach
Authors: Ganesh U. kumara , Kannan S.Thamarai 
Published: September 2022

The advances of worldwide research for identification of rocks and minerals in remote sensing data with a help of spectral pattern of different rocks and minerals now a days we all are referring only for USGS or JHU spectral library and these libraries were constructed mostly based on the lithological discrimination of rocks present outside of our country. There is no spectral library available for Rocks and Minerals present in Tamil Nadu. Hence the present study was under taken to construct the hyper spectral library using Spectroradiometer (SVC HR-1024) which covers 340nm to 2500nm wavelength and this study only carried out in the room environment. In the present study, for creation of the hyperspectral library 21 rocks of Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary rocks were selected from the lab and spectral library was created using spectro radiometer. Different variety of granite rocks were selected based on their physical and chemical properties of rocks such as Granite (coarse and fine grain), Granodiorite, Granite porphyry, Graphic granite and Pegmatite rocks and their spectral reflectance were compare with both hyper spectral library which was created and universal spectral libraries. Spectral behaviour of selected granite rocks shows similar pattern of different rocks and minerals and some variations also observed because of different physical and chemical properties of minerals and environment of collection of spectral behaviour of rocks.
Uso de Hongos Formadores de Micorrizas Arbusculares en dos variedades de caña para panela en Suaita-Santander, Colombia
Authors: Wilches Ortiz Wilmar Alexander , Ramírez Gómez María Margarita , Reyes Méndez Laura María , Pérez Moncada Urley Adrián , Serralde Ordoñez Diana Paola , Peñaranda Rolón Andrea María 
Published: September 2022

Los Hongos Formadores de Micorrizas Arbusculares (HFMA) ayudan al intercambio y movilidad de nutrientes al asociarse con plantas, mejorando los cultivos. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar HFMA en dos variedades de caña de azúcar para panela en la localidad de Suaita, Santander. Se estableció un diseño de bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos (T1: Acaulospora mellea, T2: Rhizoglomus irregulare, T3: Control 50% y T4: Control 100% de fertilización) en las variedades CC 93-7711 y CC 93-7510. Se analizó altura, diámetro del tallo, contenido de clorofila, absorción de nutrientes y materia seca en plantas de caña. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en la variedad CC93-7711 en la absorción de N, S, Fe, y Mn con el T2 y en contenido de clorofila a los 15 meses después de trasplante (mdt) con T1 y T2. En la variedad 93-7510 diferencias significativas a los 8 mdt en altura (T1), clorofila total (T2) y a los 15 mdt en absorción de Mn. Las dos variedades a los 15 mdt presentaron valores más altos con T1 y T2 respecto a los controles en las variables de altura, diámetro, clorofila total y materia seca. Se presentó correlación positiva entre la presencia de A. mellea con la absorción de Na, Cu, Mn, S, N y P y Rhizoglomus irregulare con Mg, Fe y Ca. Por lo anterior se puede concluir que los HFMA pueden sustituir parcialmente la fertilización de síntesis, haciéndola más efectiva, promoviendo plantas mejor nutridas con mayor producción de materia seca.
MONOPARESIS INFERIOR POST HERPES ZOSTER
Authors: Novi Dyantari Pande Komang , Sumada I Ketut 
Published: September 2022

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Segmental zoster paresis (SZP) is a rare neurological complication of HZ.
Case: A 58-year-old woman came to our clinic with a complaint of a post HZ lesion accompanied by weakness, burning sensation, and paresthesia of the left lower limb. These complaints were felt suddenly about 2 weeks after the vesicles appeared. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. From physical examination, there was a lesions on the L2-L3 dermatome which had dried out with hyperpigmentation and crusted. Motoric examination of the left lower limb showed weakness of the hip flexors (MRC grade 3/5). While the power of the other muscles in right lower limb and in all muscles groups was MRC 5/5. Tonus and trophic was normal. There was hyperaesthesia noted in the left thigh in the L2-L3 dermatome.
Discussion: Neurological complications in HZ can occur in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. In this case the patient had SZP as a complication of HZ that involving the motor system. This complication was characterized by paresis of the left lower limb after developing HZ infection. The pathogenesis of SZP remains unclear. Having a history of DM increases the incidence of neurological complications in HZ. This is because the effectiveness of cellular immunity against VZV in DM patients decreases.
Conclusion: Segmental zoster paresis (SZP) is a rare neurological complication of HZ. SZP involves the motor nervous system. There are several risk factors that increase the incidence of neurological complications in HZ infection.
Key words: Herpes Zoster, Segmental Zoster Paresis
PENGARUH DEBT EQUITY RATIO (DER), RETURN ON ASSET (ROA), CASH POSITION (CASH), ASSET GROWTH (GROWTH) TERHADAP DIVIDEN PAYOUT RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2014-2016
Authors: Nisrina Oktavia Lestari  
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence factors which influence the Dividend payout ratio (DPR) at the Manufacturing company food and beverage sub sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014-2016. The number of samples of 3 companies from 18 companies. From the analysis result indicate that the variable of DER, ROA, CASH, GROWT simultant influence to dividend payout ratio, but partially variable of DER and ROA have positive but not significant effect which company must strengthen cash position and ability to get profit enhanced in order company ability paying dividends and firms in distributing dividends depends on the firm's strong earnings, so companies should be able to predict the increase in profits earned by the company. Due to the stability of profits earned and the payment of a stable dividend will make investors more interested in investing funds for the company. CASH and GROWTH variables have a negative and insignificant relationship, which means that firms must be able to increase cash position, and assets growth Keywords :Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Cash Position (CASH), Return on Assets (ROA Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Asset Growth (GROWTH)
PENGARUH INFLASI, NILAI TUKAR DAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (Studi pada Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017)
Authors: Linda Amalia Alvian  , Chasan Azari  , Herman  
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of inflation, exchange rates (IDR/USD) and interest rates (BI Rate) on the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2017. This study uses quantitative method. The data is monthly time series data, from 36 data from January 2015 to December 2017. The data analysis method is multiple linear regression analysis with a significant level of 0.05. The analysis shows that inflation, the exchange rate (IDR/USD) and the interest rate (BI Rate) have a strong relationship with the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI). Simultaneously the variable inflation, exchange rate (IDR/USD) and interest rate (BI Rate) have an significant effect on the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI). Partially the inflation variable, exchange rate (IDR/USD) and interest rate (BI Rate) have a negative effect on the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI).
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Reservasi Rental Mobil Berbasis Web Di Kabupaten Kampar (Planning)
Authors: Harpelindo Harpelindo , Marwa Safni , Gusman Dedi 
Published: September 2022

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi pada era globalisasi, terutama dalam dunia komputer telah mempermudah proses bisnis atau dunia usaha. Teknologi komputer dan internet, memunculkan sistem informasi seperti pemesanan/reservasi dapat dilakukan secara online. Salah satu contohnya adalah sistem informasi reservasi untuk jasa penyewaan mobil atau biasa dikenal dengan rental mobil. Sistem informasi reservasi rental mobil dibuat dengan tampilan berbasis website menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan database MYSQL. Sistem ini menggunakan metodologi waterfall dalam pengembangan system. Keunggulan sistem informasi reservasi rental mobil berbasis website ini yaitu dapat mempermudah pelanggan dalam mendapatkan informasi dan melalukan reservasi rental mobil dengan melalui sebuah website tanpa batasan ruang dan waktu.

Kata Kunci: Sistem Informasi Rental Mobil, Reservasi, Website, PHP, MYSQL.
Persepsi Anggota Muslimat NU Kota Manado Tentang Tayangan Infotainment Silet Di RCTI
Authors: Tarandung Christian , Umar Hartati , Arvianty Winda 
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1. untuk mendeskripsikan siaran infotainment silet di RCTI. 2. Untuk mengetahui persepsi anggota Muslimat NU Kota Manado tentang tayangan infotainment silet di RCTI. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama empat minggu dan berlokasi di kantor muslimat NU kota Manado, Jalan Pumorow lingkungan III, Tingkulu kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis, sedangkan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Muslimat NU Kota Manado kurang lebih 500 anggota yang tersebar di seluruh kecamatan di wilayah kota Manado. Pengambilan sampel secara random. Dengan ketentuan 15 orang dari pengurus dan 15 orang dari anggota. Dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan metode dokumenter untuk mengumpulkan dokumen yang berkaitan dengan subyek penelitian.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi anggota muslimat NU kota Manado tentang tayangan infotainment silet termasuk ghibah dan tidak bermanfaat, sebaiknya tidak di tonton karena tidak mengandung unsur pendidikan. Berdasarkan hal ini diharapkan akan menjadi bahan informasi dan masukan dalam memilih tayangan televisi yang benar-benar bermanfaat. Selanjutnya bagi pihak manajemen pertelevisian juga harus memperhatikan efek dari acara-acara yang ditayangkan, jangan hanya sebagai ajang bisnis belaka, akan tetapi dampaknya juga harus diperhatikan.
Long-term outcomes and complications of Periprosthetic Fractures of the Proximal Femur: A Retrospective Review of 48 Patients
Authors: YAVUZ İbrahim Alper , KOÇAK Cahit , İNCİ Fatih , CEYHAN Erman , YİLDİRİM Ahmet Özgür , ÖKEN Fuad 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Periprosthetic fractures, especially periprosthetic proximal femur fractures, are an increasingly important orthopaedic problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term results, mortality and complications of periprosthetic fractures.
Methods: Patients who had proximal femur periprosthetic fracture were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with Vancouver type B1 and C were treated with plate-screw osteosynthesis and patients with Vancouver type B2 were operated using revision femoral systems. Follow-up was evaluated by clinical and radiographic, and functional results were assessed by Gos scoring.
Results: Totally 48 patients were evaluated retrospectively. 16 patients (33.3%) were type B1, 18 patients (37.5%) were type B2 and 14 patients (29.2%) were type C. 30 patients (62.5%) with type B1 and C were treated with plate screw osteosynthesis and 18 patients (37.5%) with type B2 treated with revision femoral systems. There was a significant correlation between the surgical method applied and both mortality and preop/postop GOS scoring systems (p
गलबन्दी लोकदोहोरी गीतको संवाद विश्लेषण {Conversation Analysis of Galbandi Folk Dohori Song}
Authors: ओझा Ojha बाबुराम Baburam 
Published: September 2022

प्रस्तुत आलेख ‘गलबन्दी’ लोकदोहोरी गीतमा रहेको संवाद विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । संवाद सङ्कथन अन्तर्गत पर्ने अर्थपूर्ण अभिव्यक्ति वा भाषिक उच्चार हो । संवादले कुराकानीमा सहभागीका प्रश्नात्मक वा समर्थनात्मक व्यवहारमा आधारित एकाइलाई बुझाउँछ । सङ्कथन विश्लेषणका क्रममा संवादलाई पाठका रूपमा ग्रहण गरेर विभिन्न पक्षबाट यसको विश्लेषण गरिन्छ । ‘गलबन्दी’ लोकदोहोरी गीतमा रहेको संवादात्मकताको अध्ययन गर्नु यस आलेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको हुनाले विश्लेषणलाई सोही लोकदोहोरी गीतको संवादको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । यो आलेख तयार पार्न गीति सामग्रीको सङ्कलन इन्टरनेटबाट गरिएको छ । गोगल र युट्युबबाट ‘गलबन्दी’ शीर्षकको संवादात्मक गीतका शब्द तथा ती गीतहरूको गायन तथा संवादात्मकताको सामग्री लिइएको छ । संवादको सैद्धान्तिक पक्षका सामग्री विभिन्न पुस्तक र पत्रिकामा प्रकाशित भएका द्वित्तीयक स्रोतबाट लिइएको छ । यहाँ संवाद विश्लेषणका सामान्यीकृत मान्यताका आधारमा लोकगीतको विश्लेषण गरिएको हुनाले सामग्रीको विश्लेषणका क्रममा निगमन विधि प्रयुक्त छ र लेख प्रस्तुतीकरणमा वणर्नात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । ‘गलबन्दी’ शीर्षकको लोकदोहोरी गीतमा रहेको गीतिसंवादमा सहभागीको पारस्परिक सहयोग र सक्रियताले संवादले निरन्तरता पाएको र विषय व्यवस्थापन सघन बनेको छ । यहाँ संवादात्मक घुम्तीका कारण संरचनात्मक सुदृढता र वैचारिक अन्तसूत्रको निरन्तरता छ भने कथन युग्मबीचको सामीप्यका कारण संवाद सार्थक र सफल देखापर्छ ।
This article focuses on the conversation analysis in the folk song 'Galbandi'. A conversation is a meaningful expression or linguistic utterance that falls under discourse analysis. A conversation refers to a unit based on the interrogative or supportive behavior of the participants in the dialogue. In the course of discourse analysis, dialogue is taken as a text and analyzed from various aspects. Since the main purpose of this article is to study the conversation in the folk song 'Galbandi', the analysis is focused on the study of the dialogue of the same folk song. To prepare this article, the song material has been collected from the internet. The words of the conversational song titled 'Galbandi' and the singing and conversational content of those songs have been taken from Google and YouTube. The content of the theoretical aspect of dialogue has been taken from secondary sources published in various books and magazines. Since folk songs are analyzed based on the generalized principles of conversation analysis, the inductive method has been used in the content analysis and the descriptive method has been used in the presentation of the article. Due to the mutual cooperation and activeness of the participants in the song dialogue in the folk song titled 'Galbandi', the dialogue has continued and the subject management has become intensive. Here, there is structural strength and conceptual continuity due to conversational turns, while the conversation appears meaningful and successful due to the closeness between the pairs of statements.
स्थानीय उद्यमशीलता विकासमा विश्रान्ति सर्वत उद्योगको भूमिका {Role of Bishranti Syrup Industry in Local Entrepreneurship Development}
Authors: घिमिरे Ghimire जनार्दन Janardhan 
Published: September 2022

विश्रान्ति सर्वत उद्योग धनकुटा नगरपालिका वडा नं. ९, मूलघाटमा अवस्थित विश्रान्ति मन्दिर परिसरमा वि. सं. २०६३ मा स्थापित उद्योग हो । यस उद्योगले बेलबाट बनिने सर्वतको उत्पादन गर्दछ । उक्त उद्योगले स्थानीय उद्यमशीलता विकासमा निर्वाह गरेको भूमिका पत्ता लगाउनु यस लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य हो । यसका लागि यहाँ प्रश्नावली, अन्तर्वार्ता, स्थलगत अध्ययनका माध्यमबाट प्राथमिक स्रोतका सामग्रीहरू सङ्कलन गरिएका छन् भने पुस्तक, पत्रपत्रिका तथा वेवसाइडबाट द्वीतीय स्रोतका सामग्रीहरू सङ्कलन गरिएका छन् । सङ्कलित सामग्रीहरूलाई तथ्याङ्कका रूपमा उपयोग गरी तिनलाई तालिकामा प्रस्तुत गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । त्यसै खेर गइरहेका वनस्पतीय कच्चा पदार्थलाई पहिचान गरी कुटीर उद्योग सञ्चालन गरिएको हुँदा यस उद्योगले स्थानीय व्यक्तिहरूलाई रोजगारी दिनुका साथै सर्वत उत्पादन गर्ने सिप विकासमा समेत सहयोग पुर्‍याएको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस लेखमा निकालिएको छ ।
Vishranti Syrup Industry, an industry established in 2063, is located at Vishranti temple complex in Dhankuta Municipality Ward no. 9, Mulghat. This industry produces syrup made from the fruit called 'Bel' in Nepali language. The main objective of this article is to find out the role played by the industry in local entrepreneurship development. For this, primary source materials have been collected through questionnaires, interviews, site studies; and secondary source materials have been collected from books, newspapers and websites. The collected materials have been used as statistics and presented in Tables, and have been analyzed. In this article, it has been concluded that the cottage industry has been operated after identifying the vegetable raw materials that are being wasted, and this industry has given employment to the local people and has also helped in the development of the skills of producing fruit syrup.
LITERATURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA E O LUGAR DA INFÂNCIA NEGRA
Authors: Françoli Yago Daniel , Barrozo de Paula Denise 
Published: September 2022

As raízes da história ocidental diferenciavam aqueles que desviavam dos ideais europeus como inimigos, depravados, desumanos e incivilizados. Tal pensamento arraigou as produções artísticas e a literatura infanto-juvenil com estereótipos que constantemente inundam o imaginário coletivo. Ao contrário de repetir de estigmas racistas das literaturas dos séculos passados, o movimento negro tem como objetivo reforçar a importância da escrevivência e da literatura afro-brasileira, com o objetivo trazer representações mais honestas e potentes, de forma a ir na direção oposta à dita proliferação, na qual a literatura foi influenciada pelos ideais normativos de branquitude. Tendo isso em vista, neste artigo objetiva-se desenvolver, inicialmente, um breve histórico da racialização das diferenças corporais para, em seguida, pensar nos lugares da literatura afro-brasileira para a infância negra.

Palavras-chave: Literatura Afro-brasileira. Infância. Negritude.
POETISA LEODEGÁRIA DE JESUS, A PIONEIRA FEMININA DA POESIA GOIANA:
Authors: Moreira Streglio Cosme Juares 
Published: September 2022

A proposta desta pesquisa tem como base a compreensão da formação poética de Leodegária de Jesus, bem como sua tentativa de construção dos primeiros versos com o apoio da família e a publicação das duas obras: Coroa de lírios e Orquídeas. Esta pesquisa também analisa como o eu lírico, nestas duas obras, desenvolve os passos poéticos tendo a idealização referente ao amor, passando pelos caminhos do devaneio e, ao mesmo tempo, tendo a ideia da fuga do sofrimento amoroso por meio da criação poética. A poetisa Leodegária marca a ruptura de um período histórico em Goiás em que não havia ainda um público feminino no âmbito literário e com esta poetisa abra-se a porta para o mundo poético em Goiás.
A proposta desta pesquisa tem como base a compreensão da formação poética de Leodegária de Jesus, bem como sua tentativa de construção dos primeiros versos com o apoio da família e a publicação das duas obras: Coroa de lírios e Orquídeas. Esta pesquisa também analisa como o eu lírico, nestas duas obras, desenvolve os passos poéticos tendo a idealização referente ao amor, passando pelos caminhos do devaneio e, ao mesmo tempo, tendo a ideia da fuga do sofrimento amoroso por meio da criação poética. A poetisa Leodegária marca a ruptura de um período histórico em Goiás em que não havia ainda um público feminino no âmbito literário e com esta poetisa abra-se a porta para o mundo poético em Goiás.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT NYAMUK BAKAR DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI DESA REJUNO
Authors: Fajrianti Amelia Ni'matul , Widiarini Retno , Wibowo Pipid Ari 
Published: September 2022

According to WHO (World Health Organization), that ± 13 million children under five in the world die every year and these deaths occur in developing countries in Asia and Africa. ARI is a group of diseases that cause the highest absenteeism compared to other diseases. Patients with ARI in Rejuno Village, Karangjati District in 2020 as many as 53 cases and in 2021 as many as 75 cases. This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge, use of mosquito coils, and cooking fuel with the incidence of ARI in Rejuno Village, Karangjati Ngawi. This study uses a quantitative method with a case control. The population in this study were 75 toddlers with a sample of 60 respondents consisting of 30 cases of ARI and 30 controls. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling. Data collection using questionnaires and observations were analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that there was an influence between knowledge and the incidence of ARI, p-value : 0.036, OR: 3.596, 95% CI 1.21-10,63 and there was no effect between the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of ARI, p-value was obtained: 0.291, OR : 0,571 , 95% CI 0,20-1,62.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Siti Nurhalita  , Imsar  
Published: September 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) adalah usaha yang berjalan di berbagai bidang usaha baik itu usaha kecil maupun besar. Dan UMKM ini memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi masyarakat, dikarenakan UMKM bisa meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan bisa membuka lapangan pekerjaan di daerah. Dan peran UMKM untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat bisa kita lihat mulai dari perannya sebagai penggerak utama kegiatan ekonomi diberbagai sektor, banyak menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan, penggerak penting dalam mengembangan usaha lokal dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan sebagai tempat inspirasi. Dan pemerintah daerah juga bisa memenuhi segala kebutuhan UMKM yang belum terpenuhi sebelumnya dilihat dari starategi serta penyusunan kebijakan publis yang mendukung kepada UMKM sehingga para UMKM sulit untuk memasarkan produk sertaa adanya kekurangan dana yang menyebabkan Pemerintah Daerah belum bisa menyalurkan modal dan alat - alat untuk membantu para UMKM sehingga para UMKM mereka harus mencari modal dan alat-alat sendiri untuk bisa bertahan. Dan adapun permasalahan dari UMKM biasanya berhubungan dengan pengelolaan yang kurang maksimal, disebabkan kurangnya kemampuan dan SDM yang terampil yang dimilki oleh UMKM. Sehingga Pemerintah Daerah yang mempunyai wewenang dan tanggung jawab dalam membuat kebijakan. Dan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan besarnya partisipasi Pemerintah Daerah dalam pemberdayaan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) melalui dinas koperasi Kabupaten Langkat terhadap kemandirian UMKM di Langkat. Dan dalam melakukan penelitian, penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.