bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytostatic hypothermia and its impact on glioblastoma and survival
Authors: Enam Syed Faaiz , Kilic Cem Y. , Huang Jianxi , Kang Brian J. , Chen Reed , Tribble Connor S. , Ilich Ekaterina , Betancur Martha I. , Blocker Stephanie J. , Owen Steven J. , Buckley Anne F. , Lyon Johnathan G. , Bellamkonda Ravi V. 
Published: November 2022

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have limited options and require novel approaches to treatment. Here, we studied and deployed nonfreezing “cytostatic” hypothermia to stunt GBM growth. This growth-halting method contrasts with ablative, cryogenic hypothermia that kills both neoplastic and infiltrated healthy tissue. We investigated degrees of hypothermia in vitro and identified a cytostatic window of 20° to 25°C. For some lines, 18 hours/day of cytostatic hypothermia was sufficient to halt division in vitro. Next, we fabricated an experimental tool to test local cytostatic hypothermia in two rodent GBM models. Hypothermia more than doubled median survival, and all rats that successfully received cytostatic hypothermia survived their study period. Unlike targeted therapeutics that are successful in preclinical models but fail in clinical trials, cytostatic hypothermia leverages fundamental physics that influences biology broadly. It is a previously unexplored approach that could provide an additional option to patients with GBM by halting tumor growth.
Arterial hypertension and retinal layer thickness: the Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Xie Hui , Pan Zhe , Xue Can Can , Chen Danny , Jonas Jost B , Wu Xiaodong , Wang Ya Xing 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo investigate relationships between blood pressure and the thickness of single retinal layers in the macula.MethodsParticipants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study, free of retinal or optic nerve disease, underwent medical and ophthalmological examinations including optical coherence tomographic examination of the macula. Applying a multiple-surface segmentation solution, we automatically segmented the retina into its various layers.ResultsThe study included 2237 participants (mean age 61.8±8.4 years, range 50–93 years). Mean thicknesses of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer/external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch membrane were 31.1±2.3 µm, 39.7±3.5 µm, 38.4±3.3 µm, 34.8±2.0 µm, 28.1±3.0 µm, 79.2±7.3 µm, 22.9±0.6 µm, 19.2±3.3 µm and 20.7±1.4 µm, respectively. In multivariable analysis, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were associated with thinner GCL and thicker INL, after adjusting for age, sex and axial length (all p<0.0056). Higher SBP was additionally associated with thinner POS and higher DBP with thinner RNFL. For an elevation of SBP/DBP by 10 mm Hg, the RNFL, GCL, INL and POS changed by 2.0, 3.0, 1.5 and 2.0 µm, respectively.ConclusionsThickness of RNFL, GCL and POS was inversely and INL thickness was positively associated with higher blood pressure, while the thickness of the other retinal layers was not significantly correlated with blood pressure. The findings may be helpful for refinement of the morphometric detection of retinal diseases.
Longitudinal study of six seasons of match injuries in elite female rugby union
Authors: Starling Lindsay Toyah , Gabb Niki , Williams Sean , Kemp Simon , Stokes Keith A 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo establish match injury rates and patterns in elite female rugby union players in England.MethodWe conducted a six-season (2011/2012–2013/2014 and 2017/2018–2019/2020) prospective cohort study of time-loss match injuries in elite-level female players in the English Premiership competition. A 24-hour time-loss definition was used.ResultsFive-hundred and thirty-four time-loss injuries were recorded during 13 680 hours of match exposure. Injury incidence was 39 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CIs 36 to 42) with a mean severity of 48 days (95% CIs 42 to 54) and median severity of 20 days (IQR: 7–57). Concussion was the most common specific injury diagnosis (five concussions per 1000 hours, 95% CIs 4 to 6). The tackle event was associated with the greatest burden of injury (615 days absence per 1000 hours 95% CIs 340 to 1112), with ‘being tackled’ specifically causing the most injuries (28% of all injuries) and concussions (22% of all concussions).ConclusionsThis is the first multiple-season study of match injuries in elite women’s rugby union players. Match injury incidence was similar to that previously reported within international women’s rugby union. Injury prevention strategies centred on the tackle would focus on high-burden injuries, which are associated with substantial player time-loss and financial costs to teams as well as the high-priority area of concussions.
Magnitude of COVID-19 deaths relative to other leading causes of death: a global analysis
Authors: Chan Eunice Y S , Cheng Davy , Martin Janet 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo quantify the burden of death that COVID-19 contributes relative to the top three causes of death for all countries.DesignWe performed uncertainty analyses and created contour plots for COVID-19 mortality to place the number of COVID-19 deaths in context relative to the top three causes of death in each country, across a plausible range of values for two key parameters: case fatality rate and magnitude of under-reporting.SettingAll countries that have reported COVID-19 cases to the WHO and are included in the Global Burden of Disease Study by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation.Main outcomes and measuresMonthly number of deaths caused by COVID-19 and monthly number of deaths caused by the top three causes of death for every country.ResultsFor countries that were particularly hard hit during the outbreak in 2020, most combinations of model parameters resulted in COVID-19 ranking within the top three causes of death. For countries not as hard hit on a per-capita basis, such as China and India, COVID-19 did not rank higher than the third leading cause of death at any combination of the model parameters within the given ranges. Up-to-date ranking of COVID-19 deaths relative to the top three causes of death for all countries globally is provided in an interactive online application.ConclusionsEstimating the country-level burden of death that COVID-19 contributes relative to the top three causes of death is feasible through contour graphs, even when the actual number of deaths or cases is unknown. This method can help convey importance by placing the magnitude of COVID-related deaths in context relative to more familiar causes of death by communicating when COVID-related deaths rank among the top three causes of death.
Social inequalities in child development: the role of differential exposure and susceptibility to stressful family conditions
Authors: Oude Groeniger Joost , Houweling Tanja AJ , Jansen Pauline W , Horoz Nil , Buil J. Marieke , van Lier Pol AC , van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundStressful family conditions may contribute to inequalities in child development because they are more common among disadvantaged groups (ie, differential exposure) and/or because their negative effects are stronger among disadvantaged groups (ie, differential impact/susceptibility). We used counterfactual mediation analysis to investigate to what extent stressful family conditions contribute to inequalities in child development via differential exposure and susceptibility.MethodsWe used data from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in the Netherlands (n=6842). Mother’s education was used as the exposure. Developmental outcomes, measured at age 13 years, were emotional and behavioural problems (Youth Self-Report), cognitive development (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and secondary education entry level. Financial and social stress at age 9 years were the putative mediators.ResultsDifferential exposure to financial stress caused a 0.07 (95% CI −0.12 to −0.01) SD worse emotional and behavioural problem -score, a 0.05 (95% CI −0.08 to −0.02) SD lower intelligence score and a 0.05 (95% CI −0.05 to −0.01) SD lower secondary educational level, respectively, among children of less-educated mothers compared with children of more-educated mothers. This corresponds to a relative contribution of 54%, 9% and 6% of the total effect of mother’s education on these outcomes, respectively. Estimates for differential exposure to social stress, and differential susceptibility to financial or social stress, were much less pronounced.ConclusionAmong children of less-educated mothers, higher exposure to financial stress in the family substantially contributes to inequalities in socioemotional development, but less so for cognitive development and educational attainment.
Evaluation of the impact of CSF prion RT-QuIC and amended criteria on the clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a 10-year study in Italy
Authors: Mastrangelo Andrea , Mammana Angela , Baiardi Simone , Tiple Dorina , Colaizzo Elisa , Rossi Marcello , Vaianella Luana , Polischi Barbara , Equestre Michele , Poleggi Anna , Capellari Sabina , Ladogana Anna , Parchi Piero 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe introduction of the prion Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion assay (RT-QuIC) has led to a revision of the diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD).Validation studies are needed for the amended criteria, especially for their diagnostic value in the clinical setting.MethodsWe studied 1250 patients with suspected CJD referred for diagnosis to two Italian reference centres between 2010 and 2020. Focusing on the first diagnostic assessment, we compared the diagnostic value of the old and the amended criteria and that of different combinations of clinical variables and biomarker results.ResultsThe studied cohort comprised 850 participants with CJD (297 definite sCJD, 151 genetic CJD, 402 probable sCJD) and 400 with non-CJD (61 with neuropathology). At first clinical evaluation, the sensitivity of the old criteria (76.8%) was significantly lower than that of the amended criteria (97.8%) in the definite CJD cohort with no difference between definite and probable sCJD cases. Specificity was ~94% for both criteria against the non-CJD cohort (82.0% against definite non-CJD group). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) RT-QuIC was highly sensitive (93.9%) and fully specific against definite non-CJD patients. Limiting the criteria to a positive RT-QuIC or/and the combination of a clinical course compatible with possible CJD with a positive MRI (Q-CM criteria) provided higher diagnostic accuracy than both the old and amended criteria, overcoming the suboptimal specificity of ancillary test results (ie, CSF protein 14-3-3).ConclusionsCSF RT-QuIC is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing CJD in vitam. The Q-CM criteria provide a high diagnostic value for CJD.
Cigarette prices and smoking among adults in eight sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Filby Samantha 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDespite growing concern over tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa, evidence on the association between cigarette prices and adult smoking behaviour in the region is limited.ObjectivesTo provide new evidence on the association between cigarette prices and adult smoking in eight sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsThe analysis uses data from 51 270 individuals taken from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, which was conducted in eight African countries during 2012–2018. The relationship between prices and smoking is estimated using probit models for smoking participation and generalised linear models for conditional cigarette demand.ResultsHigher prices are significantly associated with lower cigarette demand across African countries. The estimated price elasticity of participation is –0.362 (95% CI –0.547 to –0.177). The price elasticity of conditional cigarette demand is –0.133 (95% CI –0.194 to –0.072) for people who have just started smoking. The estimated total price elasticity of cigarette demand by new adult smokers is –0.495. The absolute value of the conditional demand elasticity becomes smaller by 0.004 units for each additional year that a person smokes. For the average smoker in the sample, with a smoking duration of 18.07 years, the total elasticity estimate is –0.422.ConclusionsHigher cigarette prices significantly decrease the likelihood of smoking and decrease the intensity of cigarette consumption among African adults. Increases in the excise tax that increase the retail price of cigarettes will play an important role in reducing adult tobacco use on the continent. Governments are encouraged to increase excise taxes to improve public health.
Search for hidden-charm pentaquark states in three-body final states
Authors: Xie Jia-Ming , Ling Xi-Zhe , Liu Ming-Zhu , Geng Li-Sheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe three pentaquark states, $$P_c(4312)$$

P
c

(
4312
)

, $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

and $$P_c(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

, discovered by the LHCb Collaboration in 2019, are often interpreted as $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Sigma _c$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ
c

molecules. Together with their four $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{*}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

∗

partners dictated by heavy quark spin symmetry they represent a complete multiplet of hadronic molecules of $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

(

∗
)

. The pentaquark states were observed in the $$J/\psi p$$

J
/
ψ
p

invariant mass distributions of the $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow J/\psi p K$$

Λ
b

→
J
/
ψ
p
K

decay. It is widely recognized that to understand their nature, other discovery channels play an important role. In this work, we investigate two three-body decay modes of the $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

(

∗
)

molecules. The tree-level modes proceed via off-shell $$\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

Σ

c

(

∗
)

baryons, $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)} \rightarrow {\bar{D}}^{(*)}\left( \Sigma _{c}^{(*)}\rightarrow \Lambda _{c}\pi \right) \rightarrow {\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Lambda _{c}\pi $$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

(

∗
)

→

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

(

∗
)

→

Λ
c

π

→

D

¯

(

∗
)

Λ
c

π

, while the triangle-loop modes proceed through $${\bar{D}}^{*}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}\rightarrow J/\psi N\pi $$

D

¯

∗

Σ

c

(

∗
)

→
J
/
ψ
N
π

, $$\eta _{c}N\pi $$

η
c

N
π

via $${\bar{D}}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

Σ

c

(

∗
)

rescattering to $$J/\psi N$$

J
/
ψ
N

and $$\eta _{c}N$$

η
c

N

. Our results indicate that the decay widths of the $$P_{c}(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

and $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{*}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

∗

states into $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Lambda _{c}\pi $$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Λ
c

π

are several MeV, as a result can be observed in the upcoming Run 3 and Run 4 of LHC. The partial decay widths into $${\bar{D}}^{(*)}\Lambda _{c}\pi $$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Λ
c

π

of the $$P_{c}(4312)$$

P
c

(
4312
)

and $$P_{c}(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

states range from tens to hundreds of keV. In addition, the partial decay widths of $${\bar{D}}^{*}\Sigma _{c}$$

D

¯

∗

Σ
c

molecules into $$J/\psi N \pi $$

J
/
ψ
N
π

and $$\eta _c N \pi $$

η
c

N
π

are several keV and tens of keV, respectively, and the partial decay widths of $${\bar{D}}^{*}\Sigma _{c}^{*}$$

D

¯

∗

Σ

c

∗

molecules into $$J/\psi N \pi $$

J
/
ψ
N
π

vary from several keV to tens of keV. In particular, we show that the spin-5/2 $${\bar{D}}^{*}\Sigma _{c}^{*}$$

D

¯

∗

Σ

c

∗

state can be searched for in the $$J/\psi N \pi $$

J
/
ψ
N
π

and $${\bar{D}}^{*}\Lambda _{c}\pi $$

D

¯

∗

Λ
c

π

invariant mass distributions, while the latter one is more favorable. These three-body decay modes of the pentaquark states are of great value to further observations of the pentaquark states and to a better understanding of their nature.
‘Illiberal Peace’: Oxymoron, Political Necessity, or Old Wine in a New Bottle
Authors: Ohanyan Anna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With growing multipolarity and geopolitical polarization, the role of international organizations as third-party actors within the framework of liberal peace, has been steadily declining over the past two decades. The most recent spike in armed conflict since 2014 has not been accompanied by an associated increase in peace agreements and negotiated settlements, as was the case in the 1990s. Considering the undersupply of conflict management by international organizations, the role of state actors in third-party roles has grown, often with weak normative support and commitment to nonviolent conflict management. This has often legitimized the use of violence as a strategy of coercive kinetic diplomacy. Drawing from historical analyses of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, this article examines the question as to whether the current period of growing illiberalism in peacebuilding is historically anachronistic. It introduces a framework of analysis and engages in concept development to understand and operationalize “illiberality of peacebuilding.”
Legal Regulation of the National Ecological Network Development in Russia: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Anisimov Aleksey P. , Voronina Natalia P. , Milovidova Alla I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main aim of the present article is to justify the requisite nature of a fundamental reform of Russian environmental legislation regulating the procedure for the creation and functioning of specially protected natural areas (spna s). It advances arguments for the conclusion about the need to switch to an ecological network approach when creating spna s, taking into account the condition of adjacent lands. It also examines the research results of natural scientists, as well as the legislative experience of a number of former Soviet republics that have implemented an advanced concept of conservation of natural objects and complexes. The article substantiates the reasonableness of a number of amendments to the Russian legislation, as well as of the regulation of the procedure for creating private spna s. An ecological network is expected to include all the categories of protected areas, water protection zones, wetlands, land plots listed in the Red Book of Soils of the Russian Federation, resorts, etc.
The Interface of Science and Law: Protecting, Preserving and Conserving Biodiversity with the Law of the Sea Convention
Authors: Verlaan Philomène A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With examples drawn primarily from the Law of the Sea Convention, this paper examines potential issues arising under international law facing environmental treaty development and implementation for our natural/physical world where human-imposed jurisdictional boundaries, such as “high seas,” are scientifically irrelevant and may even be potentially detrimental to achieving the admirable environmental objectives sought by these treaties. In this context it explores legal pitfalls produced by well-meaning but often inadequately advised attempts to incorporate incompletely understood scientific concepts and terminology, such as “biodiversity,” in, and/or impose them on, environmental treaties. It considers potential adverse effects on the environment, the rule of law and the development of sound science to support environmental treaties when implementation of existing treaty provisions for environmental protection is neglected.
The Effectiveness of Integrated Group Therapy on Prolonged Grief Disorder of Bereaved People from COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bardideh Fatemeh , Jarareh Jamshid , Mofrad Mohammad , Bardideh Kosar 
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the integrated cognitive-behavioral group therapy and Gestalt empty chair technique on bereaved individuals with COVID-19-caused PGD (prolonged grief disease). Thirty-six patients with PGD resultant from COVID-19 were randomly assigned intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent 16 90-minute integrated group therapy sessions twice a week. Both groups completed the BDI II depression, NAI anger, and GASP guilt scale before, after, and 2 months after the study’s conclusion. The intervention and control groups significantly differed in the depression, anger, and guilt indices after the therapeutic intervention ( p < .001). This difference remained in the follow-up phase. Integrated group therapy in treating could help with some of the symptoms of PGD resulting from the corona-caused loss of loved ones. This reduction in symptoms was also stable over time.
Initial Evidence for Shifting Race Essentialism Beliefs in the Classroom
Authors: Young Danielle M. , Wilton Leigh S. , Howansky Kristina 
Published: November 2022

Background Teaching students about race and racism is critical to and relevant in psychology classrooms. Objective We explored whether direct instruction dismantling ideas that race is genetic affects students' race essentialist and other related beliefs. Method Undergraduate students enrolled in four social psychology courses completed measures of race essentialism and other related beliefs before and after engaging in course-directed activities designed to reduce endorsement of biological essentialist beliefs about race. Results After class activities, students reported lower levels of general racial essentialist beliefs and estimated that more progress is needed to reduce racial inequality. However, attitudes towards racially minoritized groups or perceived need for anti-racist actions did not shift, and colorblind ideology may have increased. Conclusion These data provide evidence that essentialism shifts can be accomplished in the psychology classroom, but shifting related beliefs may require additional instruction. Teaching Implications The class activities described in this research provide a way for instructors to introduce students to a new concept (race essentialism) and change students’ beliefs in the genetic underpinning of race.
In-cylinder pressure smart sampling for efficient data management
Authors: Pla Benjamín , De la Morena Joaquín , Bares Pau , Jimenez Irina 
Published: November 2022

The present paper proposes an optimized algorithm for minimizing the amount of data processed in order to maintain all critical information from the in-cylinder pressure sensor but with minimum computational cost. The algorithm uses singular value decomposition (SVD) for reducing the number of samples and pivoting QR decomposition to identify the optimal sampling locations. Experimental data from four engines with different combustion modes, namely Spark ignition (SI), Compression ignition (CI), turbulent jet ignition (TJI), and dual fuel ignition (DFCI), was used to validate the algorithm. The impact of the different sampling methodologies on different metrics for engine performance has been addressed and studied showing negligible information loss when reducing to 25 samples per cycle the acquisition buffer size.