bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Assessment of Blood Transfusions in Elective Thyroidectomy Based on 180,483 Patients
Authors: Waqar Usama , Tariq Javeria , Chaudhry Ahmad Areeb , Iftikhar Haissan , Zafar Hasnain , Abbas Syed Akbar 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the incidence, risk factors, and complications of blood transfusions (BTs) in elective thyroidectomy patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Adult patients who underwent elective thyroidectomy from 2005 to 2019 were divided into two cohorts based on whether they received BT or not. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors of BT and its impact on postoperative complications.ResultsOf 180,483 patients, 0.13% received BT. Risk factors for BT included underweight body mass index (BMI) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.179, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.444–6.996), bleeding disorders (OR 2.121, 95% CI 1.149–3.913), anemia (OR 4.730, 95% CI 3.472–6.445), preoperative transfusion (OR 7.230, 95% CI 1.454–35.946), American Society of Anesthesiology physical statuses 3–5 (OR 3.103, 95% CI 2.143–4.492), operative time >150 min (OR 4.390, 95% CI 1.996–9.654), and inpatient thyroidectomy (OR 5.791, 95% CI 3.816–8.787). In addition, transfusion was independently associated with any postoperative complication, non‐infectious, cardiac, pulmonary, renal, vascular, or infectious complications, surgical site infection, sepsis, septic shock, wound disruption, pneumonia, unplanned reoperation, prolonged length of stay, and mortality.ConclusionRecognition of risk factors of BT is imperative to identify at‐risk patients and reduce transfusions by controlling modifiable risk factors such as anemia, operative time, and BMI. In cases where transfusions are still indicated, surgeons should optimize care to prevent or adequately manage transfusion‐associated complications.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2078–2084, 2022
Microbial uptake dynamics of choline and glycine betaine in coastal seawater
Authors: Mausz Michaela A. , Airs Ruth L. , Dixon Joanna L. , Widdicombe Claire E. , Tarran Glen A. , Polimene Luca , Dashfield Sarah , Beale Rachael , Scanlan David J. , Chen Yin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCholine and glycine betaine (GBT) are utilized as osmolytes to counteract osmotic stress, but also constitute important nutrient sources for many marine microbes. Bacterial catabolism of these substrates can then lead to the production of climate active trace gases such as methylamine and methane. Using radiotracers, we investigated prokaryotic choline/GBT uptake and determined biotic and abiotic factors driving these processes in the Western English Channel, UK. Kinetic uptake parameters indicated high affinity (nM range) for both osmolytes and showed a seasonal pattern for choline uptake. Generalized linear modeling of uptake parameters suggested a significant influence of sea surface temperature and salinity on prokaryotic uptake of both osmolytes. The presence of diatoms significantly influenced prokaryotic choline/GBT uptake dynamics. Choline uptake was further related to the occurrence of Phaeocystis spp., which were highly abundant in the phytoplankton community during spring, and dinoflagellates abundance during summer. While Rhodobacteraceae were the most important bacterial drivers for prokaryotic choline uptake, prokaryotic GBT uptake was associated with various groups such as SAR11 (Pelagibacterales) and Gammaproteobacteria, suggesting a wider capacity for GBT catabolism than previously recognized. Furthermore, using a newly developed approach we determined the first available data for dissolved GBT concentrations in seawater and found both osmolytes to be at the sub‐nanomolar range. Together, this study improves our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of these environmentally important osmolytes and highlights how their cycles may be affected by a changing climate.
Extreme Diffraction Control in Metagratings Leveraging Bound States in the Continuum and Exceptional Points
Authors: Deng Zi‐Lan , Li Feng‐Jun , Li Huanan , Li Xiangping , Alù Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoupled resonances in non‐Hermitian systems can lead to exotic optical features, such as bound states in the continuum (BICs) and exceptional points (EPs), which have been recently emerged as powerful tools to control the propagation and scattering of light. Yet, similar tools to control diffraction and engineer spatial wavefronts have remained elusive. Here, it is shown that, by operating a metagrating around BICs and EPs, it is possible to achieve an extreme degree of control over coupling to different diffraction orders. Subwavelength metallic slit arrays stacked on a metal‐insulator‐metal waveguide, enabling a careful control of the coupling between localized and guided modes are explored. By tuning the coupling strength from weak to strong, the overall spectral response can be tailored and the emergence of singular features, like BICs and EPs can be enabled. Perfect unitary diffraction efficiency with large spectrum selectivity is achieved around these singular features, with promising applications for selective wavefront shaping, filtering, and sensing.
Management of oral leukoplakia by ablative fractional laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy: A 3‐year retrospective study of 48 patients
Authors: Yao Yi‐Lin , Wang Yu‐Feng , Li Chen‐Xi , Wu Lan , Tang Guo‐Yao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to review the results of oral leucoplakia (OL) using ablative fractional laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy (AFL‐PDT) and to further evaluate the risk factors for recurrence and malignant transformation.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight patients diagnosed with OL using histopathology were enrolled in this study. All patients received one session of AFL‐PDT. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 1 month posttreatment. Follow‐up was scheduled every 3 months in the first year and every 6 months thereafter.ResultsAn overall positive response rate of 87.5% (42/48) was achieved, including 62.5% (30/48) complete responses and 25.0% (12/48) partial responses. During the 3‐year follow‐up period, the recurrence and malignant transformation rates were 37.5% (18/48) and 8.3% (4/48), respectively. Lesions on gingiva/palate seemed to be associated with recurrence (p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.37). The severity of epithelial dysplasia (p = 0.02; OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.96–4.42) and recurrence (p = 0.016; OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.04–4.84) were associated with a predisposition to malignant transformation.ConclusionsAFL‐PDT is an effective management of OL, but requires close follow‐up. OL lesions on the gingiva/palate are predisposed to recurrence. OLs that recur with moderate/severe epithelial dysplasia have a higher risk of transforming into oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Low‐Power Photodetectors Based on PVA‐Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Solutions
Authors: Shih Yi‐Shan , Li Wei‐Chen , Shen Jun‐Hao , Chu Shao‐Yu , Uen Wu‐Yih , Lee Hsin‐Ying , Lin Gong‐Ru , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Tu Wei‐Chen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have attracted much attention owing to their simple and low‐cost fabrication process. However, the aggregation and defects of rGO flakes still limit the performance of rGO photodetectors. Controlling the composition of rGO has become a vital factor for its prospective applications. For example, the interconnection between rGO and polymers for modified morphologies of rGO films leads to an enhanced performance of devices. In this work, a practical approach to engineer surface uniformity and enhance the performance of a photodetector by modifying the rGO film with hydrophilic polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is reported. Compared with the rGO photodetector, the on/off ratio for the PVA/rGO photodetector shows 3.5 times improvement, and the detectivity shows 53% enhancement even when the photodetector is operated at a low bias of 0.3 V. This study provides an effective route to realize PVA/rGO photodetectors with a low‐power operation which shows promising opportunities for the future development of green systems.
Bioinspired Supramolecular Photonic Composites: Construction and Emerging Applications
Authors: Lyu Quanqian , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiving organisms have evolved fascinating structural colors to survive in complex natural environments. Artificial photonic composites developed by imitating the structural colors of organisms are applied in displaying, sensing, biomedicine, and many other fields. As emerging materials, photonic composites mediated by supramolecular chemistry, namely, supramolecular photonic composites, are designed and constructed to meet emerging application needs and challenges. This review mainly introduces the constructive strategies, properties, and applications of supramolecular photonic composites. First, constructive strategies of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, including the introduction of supramolecular polymers into colloidal photonic array templates, coassembly of colloidal particles (CPs) with supramolecular polymers, self‐assembly of soft CPs, and compounding photonic elastomers with functional substances via supramolecular interactions. Supramolecular interactions endow photonic composites with attractive properties, such as stimuli‐responsiveness and healability. Subsequently, the unique optical and mechanical properties of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, and their applications in emerging fields, such as colorful coatings, real‐time and visual motion monitoring, and biochemical sensors, are introduced. Finally, challenges and perspectives in supramolecular photonic composites are discussed. This article provides general strategies and considerations for the design of photonic materials based on supramolecular chemistry.
Electrospun Azo‐Cellulose Fabric: A Smart Polysaccharidic Photo‐Actuator
Authors: Ahmadi‐Nohadani Hamed , Nono‐Tagne Steve , Barrett Christopher J. , Otsuka Issei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA natural polysaccharide‐based smart photo‐actuator is fabricated via electrospinning of cellulose 4‐phenyl azobenzoate (Azo‐Cel) from its organic solution in a mixture of high‐volatile acetone, a poor solvent of Azo‐Cel, and low‐volatile N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), a good solvent of Azo‐Cel. At an optimal polymer concentration (17 wt%) and solvent mixing ratio (acetone/DMAc = 3/2 (v/v)), stable electrified polymer jets are formed and continuous nanofibers and their nonwoven fabric can be drawn on a cylinder‐shaped rotating drum electrode under a high electric field (25 kV). Scanning electron microscopic observation of the Azo‐Cel fabric confirms that the fabric consists of uniaxially aligned nanofibers with a mean diameter of 207 nm. The water contact angle of the Azo‐Cel fabric reversibly decreases and increases in response to alternate irradiation with UV and visible light to induce geometric deformation of the azobenzene moiety between the trans and cis isomers, which lead to lower and higher surface free energies, respectively. In addition, self‐standing Azo‐Cel fabric exhibits a UV‐driven photo‐mechanical asymmetric bending deformation toward the light source.
Trained immunity: A Yin‐Yang balance
Authors: Hu Zhidong , Lu Shui‐Hua , Lowrie Douglas B. , Fan Xiao‐Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditionally, immune memory is regarded as an exclusive hallmark of adaptive immunity. However, a growing body of evidence suggesting that innate immune cells show adaptive characteristics has challenged this dogma. In the past decade, trained immunity, a de facto innate immune memory, has been defined as a long‐term functional reprogramming of cells of the innate immune system: the reprogramming is evoked by endogenous or exogenous insults, the cells return to a nonactivated state and subsequently show altered inflammatory responses against a second challenge. Trained immunity became regarded as a mechanism selected in evolution to protect against infection; however, a maladaptive effect might result in hyperinflammation. This dual effect is consistent with the Yin‐Yang theory in traditional Chinese philosophy, in which Yang represents active, positive, and aggressive factors, whereas Yin represents passive, negative, and inhibitory factors. In this review, we give a brief overview of history and latest progress about trained immunity, including experimental models, inductors, molecular mechanisms, clinical application and so on. Moreover, this is the first time to put forward the theory of Yin‐Yang balance to understand trained immunity. We envision that more efforts will be focused on developing novel immunotherapies targeting trained immunity in the coming years.
Nutrition implications of intrinsic restrictive lung disease
Authors: Rinaldi Sylvia , Balsillie Christine , Truchon Cassandra , AL‐Mubarak Awatif , Mura Marco , Madill Janet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRestrictive lung disease is defined as a reduction in lung volume that may be due to intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal causes. Intraparenchymal causes falls under the umbrella term of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and includes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This manuscript provides an overview of ILD and can be beneficial for all clinicians working with patients with ILD. Although not well documented, the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with ILD has been reported to be between ~9% and 55%. Body mass index has been shown to predict survival; but more recently, research has suggested that fat‐free mass has a larger influence on survival. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of antioxidant or vitamin supplementation to help diminish the chronic inflammatory process that is seen in this patient population. There are data from studies examining the vitamin D status in this patient population, but research on vitamin D supplementation appears to be lacking. Registered dietitian nutritionists should continue to advocate and play a more prominent role in the nutrition management of patients with ILD as part of standard of care.
Cooperative inversion of multiphysics data using joint minimum entropy constraints
Authors: Zhdanov Michael S. , Tu Xiaolei , Čuma Martin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe inversion of geophysical data is a classical ill‐posed problem that is complicated by considerable uncertainty and ambiguity in the resulting inverse models. One way to reduce this uncertainty is based on the cooperative inversion of multiphysics data. In most cases, the information provided by different geophysical data is mutually complementary, making it natural to consider a cooperative (joint) inversion of different geophysical data to a shared earth model. Many existing joint inversion methods are based on the known relationships between the different physical properties of the rocks. This paper introduces a new approach to cooperative geophysical inversion, which does not require a priori knowledge about specific empirical or statistical relationships between the different models' parameters. Our approach is based on a novel joint minimum entropy stabilizer, which forces the simplest multiphysics solution that fits the multimodal data. This novel stabilizer characterizes the degree of joint disorder or uncertainty in the distribution of the different model parameters. By minimizing this stabilizing functional in the framework of the regularized inversion, we produce a consistent image of the same geological structure expressed in different geophysical data. We implement a joint minimum entropy stabilizer in the context of re‐weighted regularized conjugate gradient inversion. The paper demonstrates the developed method using a synthetic model study and by joint inversion of airborne gravity and magnetic data collected in the McFaulds Lake area of Ontario, Canada.
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor lomitapide improves vascular function in mice with obesity
Authors: Munkhsaikhan Undral , Kwon Youngin , Sahyoun Amal M. , Ait‐Aissa Karima , Kassan Adam , Kassan Modar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, the effect of lomitapide, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, on the cardiovascular function in obesity was investigated.MethodsEight‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were fed with high‐fat diet for 12 weeks in the presence and absence of lomitapide. Lomitapide was administered by gavage (1 mg/kg/d) during the last 2 weeks of high‐fat feeding. Body weight, blood glucose, body composition, and lipid profile were determined. Vascular function and endothelial function markers were studied in the aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries.ResultsLomitapide treatment reduced body weight in mice with obesity. Blood glucose, percentage of fat mass, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein levels were significantly reduced, and the percentage of lean mass was significantly increased after lomitapide treatment. The vascular response to sodium nitroprusside in the aorta and mesenteric arteries was similar among groups. However, the vascular response to acetylcholine was improved in the treated group. This was associated with decreased levels of vascular endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress.ConclusionsTreatment with lomitapide attenuated the increase in body weight in mice with obesity and restored the lipid profile and vascular function. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in inflammation and oxidative stress.
Cutaneous mosaic RASopathies associated with rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Davies Olivia M. T. , Bruckner Anna L. , McCalmont Timothy , Mascarenhas Leo , Oza Vikash , Williams Mary L. , Wine‐Lee Lara , Shern Jack F. , Siegel Dawn H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVariants in RAS are known drivers of certain pediatric blood and solid cancers, including brain tumors. Though most RAS‐driven cancers are thought to occur sporadically, genetic syndromes caused by germline RAS variants portend a slightly higher risk of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) development. Three new cases and a review of the literature demonstrate that in rare cases, certain somatic RAS variants are associated with an increased risk of RMS and that RMS development may be heralded by the presence of concomitant RAS‐driven birthmarks. Further prospective studies are needed to establish incidence and recommend appropriate monitoring guidelines for patients at risk.
Alobar holoprosencephaly: Exploring mothers' perspectives on prenatal decision‐making and prognostication
Authors: Elfarawi Hunaydah , Tolusso Leandra , McGowan Michelle L. , Cortezzo DonnaMaria , Vawter‐Lee Marissa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesParents receiving a prenatal diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) often experience uncertainty regarding the pregnancy prognosis. There is little known about how best to counsel and support families receiving the diagnosis. This study explored parental experiences and wishes after receiving a prenatal diagnosis of alobar HPE.MethodsThis was a retrospective qualitative study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to determine factors impacting parents' decision‐making process, experiences with healthcare providers, and expectations for their child's length and quality of life. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsEight mothers who received a prenatal diagnosis of alobar HPE between 2013 and 2019 participated in the study. Parental expectations were based on information conveyed during prenatal counseling. Religious and personal beliefs, perceived suffering, and provider prognostication contributed to parent decisions and goals of care. Participants reported pressure to terminate the pregnancy. Parents were not prepared for the possibility of survival beyond the perinatal period. Most parents reported no regret in their choices.ConclusionPatients receiving a prenatal diagnosis of alobar HPE desire access to balanced prenatal counseling about prognosis, morbidity, and mortality. Providers should explore values and beliefs that contribute to parents' goals of care and offer appropriate information and referrals.
Antimicrobial peptides–antibiotics combination: An effective strategy targeting drug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Zhang Fangyan , Zhong Chao , Yao Jia , Zhang Jingying , Zhang Tianyue , Li Beibei , Gou Sanhu , Ni Jingman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo address the growing resistance of Gram‐negative bacteria and enhance the clinical application potential of antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we combined two α‐helical antimicrobial peptides K4 (WRKWRKWRKWRK‐NH2) or K5 (WRKWRKWRKWRKWRK‐NH2) with four traditional antibiotics (gentamicin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem). Then we explored their potential and mechanism in inhibiting the generation of bacterial resistance. After adding K4 or K5, the tendency to produce resistant bacteria from traditional antibiotics declined significantly. And the obtained antibiotics‐resistant bacteria were further re‐sensitive to their corresponding traditional antibiotics with the addition of K4 or K5. Mostly, the combination showed synergistic or additive antibacterial effects on both the standard strains and the obtained antibiotics‐resistant bacteria, with a much better effect on the latter. Chemical sensitization and the outer membrane permeability experiments demonstrated that K4 and K5 may influence the drug efflux of the tested bacteria, while at the same time improving the outer membrane permeability of the obtained antibiotics‐resistant bacteria to traditional antibiotics by acting as a film breaker. They ultimately eliminated the generation of drug resistance. These results provided an effort that could break Gram‐negative bacteria's resistance.
One‐pot orthogonal thiol‐ene click polymerization and ring‐opening grafting reaction of CO2‐based disubstituted δ‐valerolactone
Authors: Song Jiawen , Chen Kaihao , Feng Yuanhao , Ni Xufeng , Ling Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBeing a disubstituted δ‐valerolactone synthesized by the telomerization of carbon dioxide with 1,3‐butadiene, 3‐ethylidene‐6‐vinyltetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (EVL) contains a six‐membered ring and two unsaturated groups. This report describes the synthesis of an amphiphilic graft copolymer by the combination of thiol‐ene click polymerization and ring‐opening grafting reaction of EVL, ethyldithiol (EDT), and methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG‐OH). The alternating copolymer of P(EVL‐alt‐EDT) with 17.9 wt% CO2 content and weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) of 7 kg/mol was prepared by means of the free radical thiol‐ene click polymerization of EVL with EDT initiated by 2,2‐dimethoxy‐1,2‐diphenylethanone under UV irradiation. The following alcoholysis of the lactone ring of P(EVL‐alt‐EDT) backbone by mPEG‐OH is catalyzed by 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene, producing the amphiphilic graft copolymer P(EVL‐alt‐EDT)‐g‐PEG750 with Mw of 12 kg/mol. The polymers are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectra, size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The one‐pot orthogonal strategy is a new utilization of EVL in synthetic polymers and it is significant to the carbon dioxide transformation.