bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Deterioration, Hematoma Expansion, and Outcomes in Deep Versus Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The FAST Trial
Authors: Kuohn Lindsey R. , Witsch Jens , Steiner Thorsten , Sheth Kevin N. , Kamel Hooman , Navi Babak B. , Merkler Alexander E. , Murthy Santosh B. , Mayer Stephan A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), it is unclear whether early neurological deterioration, hematoma expansion (HE), and outcome vary by supratentorial ICH location (deep versus lobar). Herein, we assessed these relationships in a clinical trial cohort that underwent brain imaging early after symptom onset. We hypothesized that HE would occur more frequently, and outcome would be worse in patients with deep ICH.

Methods:
We performed a post hoc analysis of the FAST (Factor-VII-for-Acute-Hemorrhagic-Stroke-Treatment) trial including all patients with supratentorial hemorrhage. Enrolled patients underwent brain imaging within 3 hours of symptom onset and 24 hours after randomization. Multivariable regression was used to test the association between ICH location and 3 outcomes: HE (increase of ≥33% or 6mL), early neurological deterioration (decrease in Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥2 points or increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥4 points within 24 hours of admission), and 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale).

Results:

Of 841 FAST trial patients, we included 728 (mean age 64 years, 38% women) with supratentorial hemorrhages (deep n=623, lobar n=105). HE (44 versus 27%,
P
=0.001) and early neurological deterioration (31 versus 17%,
P
=0.001) were more common in lobar hemorrhages. Deep hemorrhages were smaller than lobar hemorrhages at baseline (12 versus 35mL,
P
<0.001) and 24 hours (14 versus 38mL,
P
<0.001). Unadjusted 90-day outcome was worse in lobar compared with deep ICH (median modified Rankin Scale score 5 versus 4,
P
=0.03). However, when adjusting for variables included in the ICH score including ICH volume, deep location was associated with worse and lobar location with better outcome (odds ratio lobar location, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.38–0.89];
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
In this secondary analysis of randomized trial patients, lobar ICH location was associated with larger ICH volume, more HE and early neurological deterioration, and worse outcome than deep ICH. After adjustment for prognostic variables, however, deep ICH was associated with worse outcome, likely due to their proximity to eloquent brain structures.
Nineteenth Century Color Printing for Visual Instruction
Authors: Thomson Ellen Mazur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Books with color illustrations were once rare and costly, but during the nineteenth century advances in color printing technology allowed publishers to include color more frequently. At the same time teachers and government officials attempted to employ graphic displays to facilitate understanding of often abstract or invisible concepts or to show data in a form that could more easily be grasped and retained. The use of color enhanced these endeavors. Dating from 1847 to 1876, the four books discussed here were selected because their authors deliberately chose to replace the written word with color graphics to provide instruction in the sciences and social sciences.
“Overcoming Metaphysics”: A Fundamental Feature of Twentieth Century Philosophy
Authors: Schweidler Walter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The concept of metaphysics has undergone a significant change in the last 200 years. Beginning with Kant, there is a development in which “metaphysics” is no longer understood as a philosophical discipline but as a personal disposition which rather is an object of philosophical reflexion. For Wittgenstein and Heidegger, this has been the starting point of their understanding of the task and the end of the activity called philosophizing. For both thinkers, philosophy depends on an initial presupposition which, in order to reach the result to which it is devoted, must be substantially revised within the process of philosophical thinking. And the term by which they designate that prejudice is “metaphysics”. I want to point out the genuine temporal aspect of both thinkers’ explication of this essential constellation of the philosophical activity.
Becoming Bovine and Being Haunted: Herder-Bovine Relationships in South India
Authors: Vignesh S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns itself with the study of changing dynamics of herder-bovine relationships in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. By exploring the affective lives of Tamil-speaking herders of South India in their interaction with native Pulikulam breed bovines and foreign bred milch cows, this paper maps the sensuous ways in which these three beings make and unmake each other. At a more abstract level, this paper intends to improvise dialogue between new materialist and deconstructive techniques by exploring Karen Barad’s conception of intra-action, and Derrida’s hauntology in the context of human-animal relationships. The central argument this paper exposes is that our nuanced moments of interactions with animals are already mediated by visceral absences which we fail to take into consideration.
A sociolinguistic-typological approach to the linguistic prehistory of South Asia
Authors: Peterson John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study compares two Indo-Aryan languages, Sadri and Konkani, with respect to their morphological complexity. Based on assumptions made in sociolinguistic typology (e.g., Trudgill, 2011), which forms part of a larger research program investigating the effects of social factors on language structures, this study attempts to reconstruct various aspects of prehistoric society based on the structures of these two modern languages as typical representatives of eastern and western Indo-Aryan, respectively. The results suggest that 2,000–2,500 years ago eastern and western Indo-Aryan languages were spoken in very different sociolinguistic environments, with a high degree of ethnic and linguistic diversity in eastern India and a comparatively low level of diversity in the west. The study also confirms the results of other studies which suggest that different areas of grammar, such as nominal and verbal systems, may be affected to different degrees in language contact and that their respective rates of (re)complexification may also differ.
Public–Private Partnership: A Legislative Model from the State of Qatar
Authors: Mattar Mohamed Y. , Al-Thani Thani , Belknani Fouzi , Abdullah Abdullah , Hawa Faten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The State of Qatar has recently witnessed a massive legislative movement designed to encourage foreign investment and enhance private sector participation in the economy, especially in trade and investment. This article addresses one of the most important enactments in this regard; Law No. 12 of 2020 on economic Partnership between the Government Sector and the Private Sector (hereinafter referred to as the ppp Law or Law N. 12 of 2020). The law encourages the expansive role of the private sector and provides for several incentives and guarantees. The law also designs rules of partnership that follow principles of transparency and good governance. This article focuses on international standards embodied in the uncitral model legislative provisions on public-private partnership and its legislative guide, especially public interest, stability and sustainability, restricted contractual freedom, contractual balance and risk transfer, legitimate and fair competition, transparency and integrity, equality and equal opportunities, the right to compensation, methods of dispute settlement and legislative integration.
Proportional Representation in Lebanese Cabinets: An Unconstitutional Confessional Hierarchy?
Authors: Badran Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The confessional power-sharing mentality that governs the functioning of the Lebanese State apparatus has succeeded in imposing, over the years, many unwavering practices relating to the appointment of senior public officers. At the level of executive power, these confessional ‘constitutional conventions’ exacerbate the inequality between the different religious sects, where a de facto monopolisation within the so-called ‘Sovereign Ministries’ continues to be seen, ever since the Taif Agreement and reinforced by the Doha Accord. Furthermore, Lebanese parliamentary blocs fight to obtain ‘service ministries’, which are often an integral part of the machinery of clientelism, for the purpose of providing more ‘favours’ to their political clients. In fact, the political representation of the different religious confessions within the state institutions of deeply divided societies such as Lebanon, is ensured and guaranteed by the adoption of the principle of political proportionality. Following this logic, preserving the religious balance within the Lebanese Cabinet is one of the key prerequisites of the political system’s stability, which is essential to the functioning of the Council of Ministers. Prerogatives of the executive power are no longer concentrated in the hands of a single person belonging to a given religious confession, but are exercised through a collegial cabinet, which includes the main various Lebanese communities. Nevertheless, this proportionality, which sought a better representation of the religious segments, is mitigated by a hierarchy within the cabinet due to several unconstitutional practices.
Migration and Institutional Inertia: Restructuring the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration, 1958–1961
Authors: Redondo Carrero Emilio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (icem), today the International Organization for Migration (iom), was born in 1951, its main objective was to alleviate demographic pressure in post-war Europe by relocating workers and their families to overseas countries lacking in workforce. But after the European continent’s rapid recovery in the decade that followed, icem did not disappear. Instead, it tried to adapt to the changes and focussed on new objectives in order to maintain its role as a necessary organsation. This article focuses on the crisis icem experienced circa 1960. Based on the analysis of sources from the organisation, government documents and press from that period, I attempt to explain to what extent the restructuring undertaken from 1958 to 1961 signified a real attempt to adapt to the new social reality, and to what extent it was due to the force of inertia and the aim to carry on.
Why Was the Chinese Historian Shen Yue 沈約 (441–513) So Fond of Auspicious Signs and Prophecies?
Authors: Lippiello Tiziana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shen Yue 沈約 (441–513), who compiled the Songshu 宋書 (History of the Song), one of the dynastic histories of China, dedicated three chapters (juan) of this work to auspicious signs and prophecies, which were evidently an issue of discussion and interest among the scholars of his time. In this article, I will first give an overview of the discussion of inauspicious and auspicious omens during the Han dynasty, which provided an influential model for later works on the topic. I will then address the question why Shen Yue devoted so much attention to the subject and how he related it to the succession of the short-lived regimes of the southern dynasties. By analyzing Shen Yue’s “Furui zhi” 符瑞志 (Treatise on auspicious signs), his biography, and his historical background, I aim to demonstrate why Shen Yue treated auspicious omens and prophecies as positive messages from nature, which were addressed to both his contemporaries and future generations.
Venus, Issa, and the Moon Dog
Authors: Dianteill Erwan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Like Arabic and Latin geomancy in the Middle Ages, Fa divination on the Benin Coast uses sixteen fundamental signs. Beyond their common formal structure, do these divinatory systems share content? The analysis focuses on a seventeenth fundamental sign (Oche Tula), conceived of as the messenger sign in Fa. This paper firstly aims to show that this sign, whose link with the messenger god Lɛgba is well known in Yoruba and Fon mythology, also maintained a relationship with the planet Venus (nicknamed Moon Dog), which is now largely forgotten. Moreover, medieval geomancy systematically mentioned the link between the planet Venus and the two figures named Amissio (Loss) and Mundus facie (Immaculate face), which, when combined, are identical to Oche Tula. The second goal of the analysis is to reconstruct the analogical process at work in labeling the planet Venus with this sign, which in medieval geomancy was composed of two figures. On the one hand, the author tries to show that the figure “Immaculate face” – in the form of a Christian cross – represents Isa/Jesus and has been identified with the morning star (Venus) in a medieval Christian and Muslim environment. On the other hand, the geomantic double sign could represent either the negative aspect (impurity, loss) or positive aspect (purity, fertility) of the planet Venus, depending on whether it is direct or retrograde, according to medieval astrology categories.
The Sông Cái (Red River) Delta, the Chinese Diaspora, and the Trần/Chen Clan of Ðại Việt
Authors: Whitmore John K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The expansion of the Sông Cái (Red River) delta combined with the first Chinese diaspora and settlement in the region led to the Chen/Trần clan emerging and rising to power in the polity of Ðại Việt 大越. Emerging among the Ngô (吳 Sino-Vietnamese) community in the lower delta, the Trần 陳 emphasized the agricultural development of this area as they built their power. I approach Trần rule in three phases: 1220s–1260s, 1260s–1330s, and 1330s–1420. In the first phase, under the tight clan control of Trần Thủ Ðộ, the Trần developed Ðại Việt in their own form within the existing Viet pattern, politically, administratively, and economically. After Thủ Ðộ’s death, the clan reformed, as a new generation of princes first fought off the Mongols, then retired to their country estates, leading to a decentralization of power. To counter this decentralization, the kings and the court developed their Thiền Buddhism of the Trúc Lâm school. But in the end this was not successful, and in the third phase the court turned to a brand of Chinese Classical thought (that of Han Yu) in the face of many calamities, natural and social. Eventually three political and ideological crises emerged, the Champa invasions (1370–1390), the seizure of power by Lê/Hồ Quý Ly (1380–1407), and the Ming conquest and occupation (1407–1427) turning Ðại Việt into its province of Jiaozhi. Each crisis led to deeper Sinic ideological penetration.
The Power of Representation: Mimesis and Alterity in Nanzhao-Tang Relations
Authors: Bryson Megan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Nanzhao kingdom ruled a large region in what is now southwest China and southeast Asia from the mid-seventh century to 903. Its strategic position next to the Tibetan empire and its own expansionist goals meant that Nanzhao had extensive diplomatic and military relations with the Tang dynasty (618–907) during the eighth and ninth centuries. This paper argues that Tang-Nanzhao relations, as well as the Nanzhao court’s relations with its own diverse subjects, were pursued in accordance with the colonial dynamics of mimesis theorized by Homi Bhabha and Michael Taussig. Tang representations of the Nanzhao population and the Nanzhao court’s self-representations conform to colonial modes of depicting difference, namely mimesis (which involves copying or mimicking) and alterity (which involves asserting difference). These representations appear specifically in the 863 Book of Barbarians (Manshu) by the Tang official Fan Chuo, the 766 Nanzhao Stele of Transforming through Virtue (Dehua bei), and the 899 Illustrated History of Nanzhao (Nanzhao tuzhuan).
Virtual Belonging, Digital Diaspora, and Sindhi Hindu Identity in the Early 2000s
Authors: Raheja Natasha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article explores online articulations of Sindhi Hindu identity in 2010. The early 2000s mark a key moment of generational shift in the post-Partition Sindhi Hindu diaspora during an era of engagement with websites and virtual discussion forums more broadly. Tracking three diasporic websites, this article helps us to understand what virtual spaces have offered those who are distal from the imagined homelands of their longing. My analysis of the websites and a discussion forum reveal how Sindhi Hindu identity is negotiated around dominant narratives of Hinduness and Indian national identity, but in ambivalent ways that elude religious nationalist binary taxonomies in post-Partition South Asia. In its focus on websites and virtual discussion forums, this article thus brings together questions of deterritorialization and the digital to extend insights about the multiplicity, pluralism, and interconnectedness of the Sindhi diaspora more broadly.
Interannual Variation and Prediction of Wintertime Precipitation in Central Asia
Authors: Chen XinHai , Jia XiaoJing , Wu Renguang , Qian Qifeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the interannual variations of winter precipitation over central Asia (CA) are investigated over the period 1948–2018 using both observational analysis and a linear baroclinic model (LBM). The focus is on the characteristics and factors of the leading empirical orthogonal function mode (EOF1) of winter precipitation over CA. The results show that the key circulation anomalies associated with the positive phase of EOF1 feature a tripole pattern that is responsible for transporting moisture from the subtropical North Atlantic region to CA. An examination of the lower boundary conditions indicates that anomalous North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), Kara Sea ice in the preceding autumn, and simultaneous snow cover in central Asia can promote large-scale atmospheric waves that contribute to the EOF1-related anomalous tripole pattern. This result is verified by an analysis of the apparent heat source (Q1) in the atmosphere and the LBM experiments. Linear regression (LR) models were constructed using the precursors revealed by the above observational analyses to perform hindcasts for EOF1 over the period 1950–2018. The North Atlantic SST and the Kara Sea ice in the preceding autumn are shown to be effective predictors in the LR model that can capture the variation in EOF1 during this period. The seasonal forecasts of winter precipitation over CA for the 2011–18 period based on the LR models outperform those of the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) over central and northern CA.
Lifestyle risk factors for obsessive-compulsive symptoms and related phenomena: What should lifestyle interventions target?
Authors: Brierley Mary-Ellen E , Albertella Lucy , Christensen Erynn , Rotaru Kristian , Jacka Felice N , Segrave Rebecca A , Richardson Karyn E , Lee Rico SC , Kayayan Edouard , Hughes Sam , Yücel Murat , Fontenelle Leonardo F 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Understanding the impact of lifestyle on mental illness symptoms is important for informing psycho-education and developing interventions which target mental and physical comorbidities. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders can have a significant impact on health-related quality of life and physical health. However, our understanding of the impact of lifestyle on obsessive-compulsive symptoms and broader compulsive and impulsive problematic repetitive behaviours is limited. Aims: We investigated whether lifestyle factors predicted change in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic repetitive behaviours in a general population sample over a 3-month period. Methods: Eight hundred thirty-five participants completed an online questionnaire battery assessing lifestyle and mental health. Of these, 538 participants completed the same battery 3 months later. We conducted negative binomial regressions to analyse the association of lifestyle factors at baseline with future (1) obsessive-compulsive symptoms, (2) compulsive problematic repetitive behaviours and (3) impulsive problematic repetitive behaviours, adjusting for baseline obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic repetitive behaviours. Results: Lower vegetable ( p = 0.020) and oily fish ( p = 0.040) intake and lower moderate intensity physical activity ( p = 0.008) predicted higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms at follow-up. Higher intake of high-fat foods ( p < 0.001) predicted higher compulsive problematic repetitive behaviours at follow-up. No lifestyle factors significantly predicted impulsive problematic repetitive behaviours at follow-up. Conclusion: Our results speak to the potential importance of lifestyle quality screening, education and lifestyle interventions (e.g. an anti-inflammatory diet) for individuals experiencing compulsivity-related behaviours and/or symptoms. Further research into potential mechanisms of action will allow for more targeted approaches to lifestyle interventions for transdiagnostic compulsive behaviours.
The Effects of Self-Regulated Learning Support on Learners’ Task Performance and Cognitive Load in Computer Programing
Authors: Shin Yoonhee , Song Donggil 
Published: April 2022

This study explores the effect of self-regulated learning support on learners’ cognitive load and problem-solving performance, considering cases from well-structured to ill-structured tasks in a computer programing course. Sixty-seven undergraduate students in a computer programing fundamentals course were randomly assigned into one of two groups: (1) experimental group ( N = 34; received self-regulated learning support) and (2) control group ( N = 33). Participants in both groups were asked to solve programing problems using Python over 3 weeks, and their cognitive load levels were measured after each week. The results showed that novice learners’ self-regulated learning skills can be influenced by learning support, which contributes to solving complex problems. The results also suggest that, given the sequence of tasks (i.e., basic and advanced well-structured and ill-structured problems), self-regulated learning support may require time to be effective. The germane load of the experimental group was higher for well-structured problems than that of the control group. Using logistic regression, the two groups were differentiated through different variables measured in this study, which showed a high predictive explanatory power. The results provide implications for designing self-regulated learning support for programing courses, using problem-based learning in association with problem-solving skills, self-regulated learning skills, and cognitive load management.