bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of delirium information training given to intensive care nurses on patient care: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yıldırım Fulya , Türkleş Serpil , Altundal Duru Hilal 
Published: April 2022

Background
Training programs aiming to improve delirium diagnosis and management skills increase nurses’ care efficiency and improve patients’ health outcomes. This study was conducted to examine the effect of delirium information training on patient care by intensive care nurses.

Methods
In the research, one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. The study sample consisted of 30 nurses working in four intensive care units of a university hospital between November 05, 2018, and February 15, 2019. The Personal Information Form, the Checklist for the Care of the Patient in Delirium, and the Confusion Assessment Scale for the Intensive Care Unit were used to collect the data. Intensive care nurses were provided with information training supported by a training booklet in two sessions of 40 min each.

Results
In the study, according to the Checklist for the Care of the Patient in Delirium, while the pre-test point average of the nurses was 6.17 ± 2.29, the post-test point average had increased to 11.17 ± 1.51 (p < 0.001). After the training, it was determined that there was a significant increase in the percentage of nurses who stated that they evaluated and detected whether their patients had pain, hallucinations, and delusions (p < 0.001). As a result, it has been determined that providing delirium information training to intensive care nurses positively affects the care of patients with delirium. In addition, it has been determined that with the Confusion Assessment Scale for Intensive Care Unit, nurses can provide the care they need to patients at risk in terms of delirium by identifying delirium.
Research of Tax Avoidance in Indonesia: A Bibliographic Study
Authors: Sinaga Rizki Triyani , Evana Einde , Dharma Fitra 
Published: April 2022

Aims: This study aims to provide an overview of the development of tax avoidance research in Indonesia from 12 accredited national journals ranked 1 & 2.
Study Design: The methods used in this research are the charting the field and analyzing the community methods.
Place and Duration of Study: The sample of this study includes 27 articles that discuss tax avoidance in Indonesia with an observation period of 2012 to 2018.
Methodology: This study selects several research results regarding of tax avoidance research in Indonesia from 12 accredited national journals then grouped them based on the topic and research method.
Results: The mapping results show that the most tax avoidance research publications are in the Accounting Journal (22%). The topic of antecedents of tax avoidance research is antecedent and there are 28 antecedent variables from 23 articles. The most studied antecedent variable is corporate governance. Consequence topics are 4 articles with 5 variables. The research sample that dominates is manufacturing companies (41%) and 63% of articles use a sample size of more than 100. The most widely used tax avoidance proxies are Effective Tax Rate (ETR), Current ETR, and Cash ETR. The citation rate of tax avoidance research reached 163 in the observation period and 67% of articles had received citations. The topics most cited are the antecedents of corporate governance, firm size, liquidity, leverage, and earnings management.
Conclusion: Based on the research topic, Citation analysis shows the number of research citations on tax avoidance for the last 7 years is 163 out of 27 articles. 67% of tax evasion articles have received citations and 33% of tax evasion articles have not received citations. The citations most related to antecedent variables include corporate governance, firm size, liquidity, leverage, and earnings management. This research has limitations. This tax avoidance research mapping is only based on research samples using empirical quantitative methods. Other surveys, qualitative, and literature reviews, have not been widely used in nationally accredited journals. However, there are 4 articles not with an empirical quantitative approach. This provides a great opportunity to develop tax avoidance research in Indonesia.
Predictors of Mucocutaneous Disorders in HIV-infected Children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: U. S. Azubogu , O. G. Innocent , B. Otike-Odibi , N. I. Paul 
Published: April 2022

Background: Unindentified and untreated mucocutaneous disorders can lead to adverse consequences among HIV-infected children. These include physical discomfort, disfigurement , loss of school attendance, social stigma , low self esteem and depression
Aim: To determine the predictors of mucocutaneous disorders in HIV-infected children receiving care in two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: the study was conducted over a six month period at the Pediatric infectious diseases clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) Port Harcourt.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study involving 372 HIV-infected children. Study participants were recruited by simple random sampling. Diagnosis of mucocutaneous disorders was based on clinical findings and relevant laboratory investigations.
Results: The prevalence of mucocutaneous disorders in the study subjects was 30.1% with Pruritic Papular Eruptions as the most occurring lesion. Factors predictive of the occurrence of mucocutaneous disorders in HIV-Infected-subjects included: low socio-economic status (p-value=0.048;AOR=1.81, 95% CI=1.01-3.24), sub-optimal adherence to HAART (p-value=0.008; AOR=2.72,95% CI=1.29-5.73), WHO clinical stages 3 and 4 (p-value=0.043;AOR=2.48,95% CI=1.03-5.97) and non viral suppression (p-value=0.0001; AOR=15.78, 95% CI=8.52-29.25).
Conclusion: The presence of these factors in a HIV-infected child indicates a need for prompt evaluation for mucocutaneous lesions so as to limit morbidity and mortality from these disorders.
Equal and Odd of Generalized Euler Function for Successive Integers
Authors: Linfeng Xia , Zhongyan Shen 
Published: April 2022

Euler function \(\varphi(n)\) and generalized Euler function \(\varphi_{e}(n)\) are two important functions in number theory. Using the idea of classified discussion and determination of prime types, we study the solutions of odd number of generalized Euler function equations \(\varphi_{e}(n)=\varphi_{e}(n+1)\) and obtain all the values satisfying the corresponding conditions, where \(e=2,3,4,6\).
New Structural Insights into Densely Assembled Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Cao Yang , Xiong Zhiyuan , Xia Fang , Franks George V. , Zu Lianhai , Wang Xiao , Hora Yvonne , Mudie Stephen , He Zijun , Qu Longbing , Xing Yanlu , Li Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDensely assembled graphene‐based membranes have attracted substantial interest for their widespread applications, such as compact capacitive energy storage, ion/molecular separation, gas barrier films, and flexible electronics. However, the multiscale structure of densely packed graphene membranes remains ambiguously understood. This article combines X‐ray and light scattering techniques as well as dynamic electrosorption analysis to uncover the stacking structure of the densely stacked reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes. The membranes are produced by reducing graphene oxide (GO) membranes with hydrazine, during which the colloidal interactions between GO sheets are modulated by the electrolyte solution. In contrast to the common notion that direct reduction of densely assembled GO sheets in parallel tends to result in significant “graphitization”, this article unexpectedly discovers that the resultant densely packed rGO membrane can still retain the interconnected network nanochannels and show good capacitive performances. This inspires the development of a hierarchical structural model to describe the densely packed rGO membranes. This article further shows that the nanochannel network can be fine‐tuned at the sub‐nanometer level by tailoring the salt concentration and the reduction temperature to render exceptional volumetric capacitance and good rate performance for rGO membranes even with increased packing density.
Self‐Assembling Delaminated V4C3Tx MXene into Highly Stable Pseudocapacitive Flexible Film Electrode for Supercapacitors
Authors: Bin Xiaoqing , Sheng Minhao , Luo Yijia , Que Wenxiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe compactly stacked layers and the use of binders are detrimental to the rate performance and long cycle stability for V4C3Tx MXene. To solve this problem and add a new member to flexible electrodes, the multi‐layered V4C3Tx MXene is delaminated into nanoflakes (d‐V4C3Tx) with tetra‐n‐butylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) and self‐assembled into the flexible film without binder. The d‐V4C3Tx film as a negative electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 292.0 F g‐1 (622.4 F cm‐3) at 2 mV s‐1, remarkable rate performance (86.0% at 200 mV s‐1, 78.4% at 500 mV s‐1), and the splendid cycle stability (93.1% for 40 000 cycles, 82.9% for 60 000 cycles at 10 A g‐1). The excellent electrochemical performance for the d‐V4C3Tx film is attributed to the outstanding electrical conductivity (16 465.3 S m‐1), and the large interlayer spacing (2.1 nm), as well as the surface capacitive control mechanism. The asymmetric supercapacitor composed of d‐V4C3Tx film and activated carbon (AC) also shows high energy and power densities of 22.2 Wh L‐1 at 285.3 W L‐1. This work provides a novel flexible and more stable film (d‐V4C3Tx) electrode with long cycle life for supercapacitors, and further promotes the development for flexible supercapacitors.
Nonradiative Recombination via Charge‐Transfer‐Exciton to Polaron Energy Transfer Limits Photocurrent in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Khan Saeed‐Uz‐Zaman , Gui Manting , Liu Xiao , Giebink Noel C. , Kahn Antoine , Rand Barry P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA recombination and exciton loss mechanism is reported in organic solar cells involving energy transfer between charge transfer (CT) excitons and polarons, impacting photocurrent generation, particularly in the near‐infrared where polaronic transitions typically reside. This process sets a low‐energy cut‐off in the external quantum efficiency spectrum of an excitonic donor/acceptor interface, determined by the low‐energy polaron absorption peak and the CT state reorganization energy. Furthermore, this process explains the deviation from unity and bias dependence of the CT state's internal quantum efficiency at low photon energies. This process is demonstrated in a variety of systems and it is hypothesized that CT state to polaron energy transfer recombination may be responsible for a share of nonradiative recombination in all organic photovoltaics and can explain numerous experimentally observed device trends regarding photocurrent generation and energy losses. Overall, this work enhances the understanding of photophysical processes in organic materials and allows the design of systems that can avoid this recombination pathway.
Insights into the weep performance and modeling of perforated plates
Authors: Wang Jun , Yao XiuYing , Chen Tao , Huang ChuanXiang , Sun XueNi , Shao Hui , Leng YiXin , Peng Chong , Zhong Jing , Jiang JunCheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWeeping is an important hydraulic parameter for the design and optimization of perforated plates because it determines the lower limit of the tray operation (vapor load). Therefore, an accurate prediction of the weep rate is very important. First, according to our theoretical analysis of the weeping phenomena of large‐scale perforated trays, we proposed three weep modes on a perforated tray: (1) random weeping in the bubbling zone, (2) dumping in the nonbubbling zone, and (3) liquid fluctuation‐induced weeping. Second, a weep rate model was developed, and the literature data were correlated to determine model parameters. Results showed the fractional hole area substantially affects the model parameters. We also examined the effects of the tray structure, flow parameter, and fluid physical properties on the weep rate. Finally, the developed model was used to predict the weep rate of different scale trays reported in references, and the prediction results showed good agreements.
Evaluation of growth, puberty, osteoporosis, and the response to long‐term bisphosphonate therapy in four patients with osteoporosis‐pseudoglioma syndrome
Authors: Karakilic‐Ozturan Esin , Altunoglu Umut , Ozturk Ayse Pinar , Kardelen Al Asli Derya , Yavas Abali Zehra , Avci Sahin , Wollnik Bernd , Poyrazoglu Sukran , Bas Firdevs , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Kayserili Hülya , Darendeliler Feyza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis‐pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG; MIM #259770) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disease, characterized by early‐onset osteoporosis and congenital blindness, caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the LRP5 gene. Beneficial effects of bisphosphonate treatment in patients with OPPG are well known, while follow‐up data on growth and pubertal parameters are limited. This article provides clinical follow‐up data and long‐term bisphosphonate treatment results in four OPPG patients from three unrelated families, ranging between 2.5 and 7 years of age at presentation. Clinical diagnosis was molecularly confirmed in all patients, with four different germline biallelic LRP5 mutations including a novel nonsense variant c.3517C>T (p.(Gln1173*)) in two siblings with marked phenotypic variability. Anthropometric and pubertal data and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were evaluated retrospectively. Early puberty was observed in two patients. The bisphosphonate treatment duration of patients varied around 4–7 years and improvement in BMD z‐scores with bisphosphonate treatment was demonstrated in all patients (z‐score changes were +5.6, +4.0, +1.0, and +1.3). Although further research is needed to identify the possible association between early puberty and OPPG, all OPPG patients should be followed up with detailed endocrinological evaluation regarding pubertal status.
Nasopharyngeal morphology contributes to understanding the “muddle in the middle” of the Pleistocene hominin fossil record
Authors: Pagano Anthony S. , Smith Christopher M. , Balzeau Antoine , Márquez Samuel , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe late archeologist Glynn Isaac first applied the term “muddle in the middle” to a poorly understood period in the Middle Pleistocene human fossil record. This study uses the nasopharyngeal boundaries as a source of traits that may inform this unclear period of human evolution. The nasopharynx lies at the nexus of several vital physiological systems, yet relatively little is known about its importance in human evolution. We analyzed a geographically diverse contemporary Homo sapiens growth series (n = 180 adults, 237 nonadults), Homo neanderthalensis (La Chapelle aux Saints 1, La Ferrassie 1, Forbes Quarry 1, Monte Circeo 1, and Saccopastore 1), mid‐Pleistocene Homo (Atapuerca 5, Kabwe 1, Petralona 1, and Steinheim 1), and two Homo erectus sensu lato (KNM‐ER 3733 and Sangiran 17). Methods include traditional (Analysis 1) and 3D geometric morphometric analysis (Analysis 2). H. erectus exhibited tall, narrow nasopharyngeal shape, a robust, ancestral morphology. Kabwe 1 and Petralona 1 plotted among H. sapiens in Analysis 2, exhibiting relatively shorter and vertical cartilaginous Eustachian tubes and vertical medial pterygoid plates. Atapuerca 5 and Steinheim 1 exhibited horizontal vomeral orientation similar to H. neanderthalensis, indicating greater relative soft palate length and anteroposterior nasopharynx expansion. They may exhibit synapomorphies with H. neanderthalensis, supporting the accretionary hypothesis. Species‐level differences were found among H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis, including relatively longer dilator tubae muscles and extreme facial airorhynchy among Neanderthals. Furthermore, H. neanderthalensis were autapomorphic in exhibiting horizontal pterygoid plate orientation similar to human infants, suggesting that they may have had inferiorly low placement of the torus tubarius and Eustachian tube orifice on the lateral nasopharyngeal wall in life. This study supports use of osseous nasopharyngeal boundaries both for morphological characters and understanding evolution of otitis media susceptibility in living humans.
Fully validated UPLC–MS/MS method for quantifying Favipiravir in human plasma boosted lean six sigma: An application for a bioequivalence study
Authors: Abd Allah Fathy Ibrahim , Abdelhmaid Ahmed , Himida Mahmed , Mostafa Elkashlan Akram , El‐Attar Abdul‐Aziz M. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research developed and validated a highly sensitive and selective UPLC–MS/MS approach using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantifying favipiravir. Moreover, we introduced a study evaluating bioequivalence using two drugs, Favibrivix and Avigan, containing favipiravir. Lean Six Sigma verified the capacity and performance of the process. Protein precipitation extraction was utilized to extract favipiravir from the collected human matrices. We used an Acquity UPLCr BEH HILIC column and valproic acid as an internal standard. Furthermore, we conducted the procedure using an isocratic elution comprising acetonitrile and 0.005% ammonia in water (75:25, v/v), a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min, a temperature controlled at 10°C and an injection volume of 1.0 μl. Our UPLC–MS/MS process has a broad range (50–10,000 ng/ml) with a determination coefficient of 0.9980. We validated the method in line with the US Food and Drug Administration. The findings revealed that the test, Favibrivix 200 mg/tablet, and the reference, Avigan® 200 mg/tablet, were statistically bioequivalent in healthy Egyptian participants.
User‐demand fast‐curable ocular glues enforced by multilength tunable networks
Authors: Lee Hyeseon , Chandrasekharan Ajeesh , Seong Keum‐Yong , Jo Yeon Ji , Park Samdae , An Seonyeong , Lee Seungsoo , Kim Hyeji , Ahn Hyungju , Seo Sungbaek , Lee Jong Soo , Yang Seung Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAchieving fast and secure wound closure without ocular foreign body sensation is highly desired in ophthalmologic surgery. Sutureless approaches using tissue adhesives are gaining popularity, but their practical use is limited by the difficulty in controlling adhesion time and satisfying safety standards without compromising adhesive performance. Herein, we report user‐demand hydrogel‐forming ocular glues based on multilength photo‐crosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA), achieving firm tissue adhesion under wet and dynamic conditions and possessing cornea‐like optical transparency. The HA‐based photocurable glue (HA photoglue) quickly seals wounds upon nontoxic low‐energy light exposure (320–500 nm, < 5 s, < 1 J cm−2), and its mechanical and adhesive properties are improved by introducing short and long crosslinkable moieties into HA through one‐step synthesis, forming multilength networks. Furthermore, the HA photoglue provides stable sealing in wet environments like ocular mucous surface, a clear vision with a light transmittance of more than 95% over the entire visible range, and a lubricating surface with minimal ocular sensation (generating less than 10% frictional force than suture groups). In a rabbit corneal incision model, the HA photoglue showed improved wound healing efficacy based on histological evaluation compared to control groups.
Multi‐tissue cytogenetic analysis for the diagnosis of mosaic Down syndrome: A case report
Authors: Moncada Arita Wilberg A. , Perdomo Domínguez Eduardo Smelin , Rivera Caballero Astrid Yohaly , Espinoza‐Moreno Nelson A. , Zavala Galeano Mauricio E. , DuPont Barbara R. , Ramos‐Zaldívar Héctor M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLess than one percent of individuals with Down syndrome exhibit mosaicism, a biological phenomenon that describes an individual who has two or more genetically distinct cell lines. The percentage of mosaicism in different tissues can impact the presence of clinical findings and hinder cytogenetic diagnosis. We report a case of mosaicism for trisomy 21 diagnosed after multi‐tissue cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood and buccal mucosa, associated with significant intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects, macropenis, and imperforate anus.
Selective Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 1‐Hydroxy‐2,5‐hexanedione by Biochar‐Supported Ru Catalysts
Authors: Longo Lilia , Taghavi Somayeh , Ghedini Elena , Menegazzo Federica , Di Michele Alessandro , Cruciani Giuseppe , Signoretto Michela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of sustainable and efficient catalysts ‐namely Ru supported on activated biochars‐ is carried out for the selective hydrogenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 1‐hydroxy‐2,5‐hexanedione (HHD). Activated biochars obtained from pyrolysis and steam‐based physical activation of two different biomasses from animal (leather tannery waste; ALw) and vegetal (hazelnut shells; AHSw) origins show completely different chemical, textural, and morphological properties. Compared to ALw, after impregnation with 0.5 wt % Ru, AHSw, with inner micro‐mesochannels and cavities and higher layer stacking disorder, leads to better trapping and anchoring of Ru nanoparticles on the catalyst and a suitable Ru single crystal dispersion. This leads to a highly active Ru/AHSw catalyst in the proposed reaction, giving more than 80 % selectivity to HHD and full HMF conversion at 100 °C with 30 bar H2 for 3 h. Ru/AHSw also shows promising performance compared to a commercial Ru/C catalyst.
Catalytic Activation of Polyethylene Model Compounds Over Metal‐Exchanged Beta Zeolites
Authors: Miller Jacob H. , Starace Anne K. , Ruddy Daniel A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDecomposition of polymers by heterogeneous catalysts presents a promising approach for reuse of waste plastics. We demonstrated non‐hydrogenative decomposition of model polyolefins over proton‐form and metal (Cu, Ni) ion‐exchanged beta (BEA) zeolites at moderate temperatures (around 300 °C). Near complete polyolefin decomposition was observed in batch reactions monitored by thermogravimetric analysis, while decomposition at partial conversion was studied in flow reactions. Ni‐exchanged zeolites produced H2 at substantially higher rates (>10x) than other catalysts while also uniquely resisting deactivation over time. Application of the delplot formalism offered insights into the reaction network for polyolefin decomposition over Ni/BEA most notably that H2 is solely a primary product. We deduce that H2 production is catalyzed by activation of C−H bonds at ionic Ni sites, and H2 prevents buildup of polyaromatic coke species in Ni‐exchanged zeolites that deactivate Cu‐exchanged and protonic zeolites.