bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollinators exert selection on floral traits in a pollen‐limited, narrowly endemic spring ephemeral
Authors: Koski Matthew H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseFloral traits are frequently under pollinator‐mediated selection, especially in taxa subject to strong pollen‐limitation, such as those reliant on pollinators. However, antagonists can be agents of selection on floral traits as well. The causes of selection acting on spring ephemerals are understudied though these species can experience particularly strong pollen‐limitation. I examined pollinator‐ and antagonist‐mediated selection in a narrowly endemic spring ephemeral,Trillium discolor.MethodsI measured pollen limitation inT. discoloracross two years and evaluated its breeding system. I compared selection on floral traits (display height, petal size, petal color, flowering time) between open‐pollinated, and pollen‐supplemented plants to measure the strength and mode of pollinator‐mediated selection. I assessed whether natural levels of antagonism impacted selection on floral traits.ResultsTrillium discolorwas self‐incompatible and experienced pollen limitation in both years of the study. Pollinators exerted negative disruptive selection on display height and petals size. In one year, pollinator‐mediated selection favored lighter petals but in the second year pollinators favored darker petals. Antagonist damage did not alter selection on floral traits.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that pollinators mediate the strength and mode of selection on floral traits inT. discolor. Interannual variation in the strength, mode, and direction of pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits could be important for maintaining of floral diversity in this system. Observed levels of antagonism were weak agents of selection on floral traits.
What determines root‐sprouting ability: Injury or phytohormones?
Authors: Martínková Jana , Motyka Václav , Bitomský Martin , Adamec Lubomír , Dobrev Peter I. , Filartiga Arinawa , Filepová Roberta , Gaudinová Alena , Lacek Jozef , Klimešová Jitka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseRoot‐sprouting (RS) is an evolutionarily independent alternative to axillary stem branching for a plant to attain its architecture. Root‐sprouting plants are better adapted to disturbance than non‐RS plants, and their vigor is frequently boosted by biomass removal. Nevertheless, RS plants are rarer than plants that are not root‐sprouters, possibly because they must overcome developmental barriers such as intrinsic phytohormonal balance or because RS ability is conditioned by injury to the plant body. The objective of this study was to identify whether phytohormones or injury enable RS.MethodsIn a greenhouse experiment, growth variables, root respiration, and phytohormones were analyzed in two closely related clonal herbs that differ in RS ability (spontaneously RS Inula britannica and rhizomatous non‐RS I. salicina) with and without severe biomass removal.ResultsAs previously reported, I. britannica is a root‐sprouter, but injury did not boost its RS ability. Root respiration did not differ between the two species and decreased continuously with time irrespectively of injury, but their phytohormone profiles differed significantly. In RS species, the auxins‐to‐cytokinins ratio was low, and injury further decreased it.ConclusionsThis first attempt to test drivers behind different plant growth forms suggests that intrinsic phytohormone regulation, especially the auxins‐to‐cytokinins ratio, might be behind RS ability. Injury, causing a phytohormonal imbalance, seems to be less important in spontaneously RS species than expected for RS species in general.
Intensity of physical therapy services: Association with work and health outcomes in injured workers with back pain in Washington State
Authors: Chin Brian , Rundell Sean D. , Sears Jeanne M. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Spector June T. , Franklin Gary M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between the intensity of physical therapy (PT) treatments and health outcomes among individuals with back pain have been examined in the general population; however, few studies have explored these associations in injured workers. Our study objective was to examine whether intensity of PT treatments is positively associated with work and health outcomes in injured workers with back pain.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of prospective data collected from the Washington State Workers’ Compensation (WC) Disability Risk Identification Study Cohort (D‐RISC). D‐RISC combined survey results with WC data from the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries. Workers with a State Fund WC claim for back injuries between June 2002 and April 2004 and who received PT services within the first year of injury were eligible. Intensity of PT treatment was measured as the type and amount of PT services within 28 days from the first PT visit. Outcome measures included work disability and self‐reported measures for working for pay, pain intensity, and functional status at 1‐year follow‐up. We conducted linear and logistic regression models to test associations.ResultsWe identified 662 eligible workers. In adjusted models, although the intensity of PT treatment was not significantly associated with work disability at 1‐year follow‐up, it was associated with lower odds of working for pay, decreased pain intensity, and improved functional status.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there may be small benefits from receiving active PT, manual therapy, and frequent PT treatments within 28 days of initiating PT care.
Halibee fossil assemblages reveal later Pleistocene cercopithecins (Cercopithecidae: Primates) in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia
Authors: Taylor Catherine E. , Brasil Marianne F. , Monson Tesla A. , Yohler Ryan M. , Hlusko Leslea J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe goals of this study were to describe and interpret two new fossil assemblages of cercopithecin monkeys (n = 328), one from the Faro Daba beds (ca. 100,000 years) and the other one from the Chai Baro beds (>158,000 years old), in the Afar Rift of Ethiopia.Materials and MethodsWe describe the two assemblages and compare them to extant cercopithecin species and the smaller fossil assemblage from Asbole, Ethiopia (ca. 600 ka). We use a population‐based approach to the taxonomy given the unusually large number of specimens. Craniodental and postcranial anatomy are presented. Evidence of locomotor habitus is described and evaluated in a framework of hybridization and postcranial plasticity.ResultsWe attribute all cercopithecin specimens from both beds to cf. Chlorocebus and conclude that the Faro Daba and Chai Baro assemblages likely sample single species at each time horizon. Subtle differences between the two assemblages, mostly in postcranial morphology, are insufficient to justify separation at the species level.DiscussionThe large sample sizes and unique preservational aspects of these two assemblages open a new window into the recent evolution of guenons. Our data indicate that these fossil populations may be ancestral to the cercopithecins currently living in the Afar region of Ethiopia.
Facilitating the client's experience of relational depth in counselling and psychotherapy: A thematic review
Authors: Wilcox Hervey , Almasifard Sara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThere is increasing interest in relational depth and its relevance and benefits for clients receiving therapy in a number of different therapeutic orientations. This research set out to draw together the available evidence from a wide range of therapies about clients' experiences of relational depth. The aim was to identify approaches that create the conditions where relational depth is more likely to be facilitated. The research focused on clients' views, given the increasing emphasis on their experiences in therapy.MethodologyA systematic search of papers published in English between January 1996 and September 2022 was conducted using EBSCO Host, Google Scholar and citation chaining. Twenty‐seven papers met the inclusion criteria, and a thematic analysis was conducted on these papers.FindingsSix themes were identified: (1) establishing dialogue with the client's inner world, (2) working with attachment in therapy, (3) responding sensitively to the client's beliefs and values, (4) deepening the client's understanding of the therapist, (5) addressing ruptures in therapy and (6) the client's role in meeting at relational depth.ConclusionFacilitating the client's experience of relational depth can support and enhance many aspects of therapeutic practice and in itself may contribute to healing. Therapists who offer warmth and genuine engagement are more able to build confidence and trust, as long as these conditions are received by their clients. It is the clients who ultimately decide whether or not to share their deepest feelings.
Extraordinary Ultrahigh‐Capacity and Long Cycle Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Perylene Polyimide Composites
Authors: Ruby Raj Michael , Yun Jungwon , Son Dong‐kyu , Lee Gibaek 
Published: November 2022

Graphitic carbon nitride (g–C3N4) is widely used in organic metal‐ion batteries owing to its high porosity, facile synthesis, stability, and high‐rate performance. However, pristine g–C3N4 nanosheets exhibit poor electrical conductivity, irreversible metal‐ion storage capacity, and short‐term cycling owing to their high concentration of graphitic–N species. Herein, a series of 3,4:9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide‐coupled g–C3N4 composite anode materials, CN–PIx (x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.75, and 1), was investigated, which exhibited an unusually high surface nitrogen content (23.19–39.92 at.%) and the highest pyridinic–N, pyrrolic–N, and graphitic–N contents reported to date. The CN–PI1 anode delivers an unprecedented and continuously increasing ultrahigh discharging capacity of exceeding 8400 mAh g−1 (1.96 mWh cm−2) at 100 mA g−1 with high specific energy density (Esp) of ∼7700 Wh kg−1 and the volumetric energy density (Ev) of ∼14956 Wh L−1 and an excellent long‐term stability (414 mAh g−1 or 0.579 mWh cm−2 at 1 A g−1). Furthermore, the activation of the CN–PIx electrodes contributes to their superior electrochemical performance, resulting from the fact that the Li+ is not only stored in the CN–PIx composites but also CN–PIx activated the Li0 adlayer on the CN–PI1–Cu heterojunction as an SEI layer to avoid the direct contact of Li0 phase and the electrolyte. The CN–PI1 full cell with LiCoO2 as the cathode delivers a discharge capacity of ∼587 mAh g−1 at a 1 A g−1 after 250 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency nearly 99%. This study provides a strategy to develop N‐doped g–C3N4‐based anode materials for realizing long‐lasting energy storage devices.
Worldview defence and self‐determination theory explain the return of racial voting: Evidence from the 2016 US election
Authors: Fabian Mark , Breunig Robert , De Neve Jan‐Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe use self‐determination (SDT) and worldview defence theories (WDT) to explicate the psychological roots of identitarian voting in recent US, UK and EU elections. We test our theory using the 2016 US election as a case study, data from a representative sample of nearly half a million Americans, and a measure of racial animus derived from Google search data. We find that worry has a strong and significant positive association with Trump's vote share, as predicted by WDT. However, this is reversed in counties with high levels of relatedness—one of the three basic psychological needs emphasised by SDT. The positive relationship between racial animus and Trump also loses significance once an interaction between racial animus and relatedness is introduced. These results imply that identitarianism is driven at least in part by a desire for in‐group affiliation emerging out of worldview defence and unmet basic psychological needs.
Numerical simulation of thermal energy storage system inside a spherical capsule under periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Asker Mustafa , Genceli Hadi , Ezan Mehmet Akif 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, inward solidification process of a spherical capsule subjected to a periodic boundary condition is numerically studied. The temperature transforming technique is utilized to solve the 1D phase change model and an in‐house model developed in C++. The interface position and the transient temperature profiles are evaluated with respect to the different oscillation amplitudes and oscillation frequencies of the periodically oscillating surface temperature. The results demonstrate that in the situation where the amplitude is 30, the elapsed time for total solidification is dropped by 23.7% compared to the case without oscillation. It is also found that there is a 21.8% reduction in the time for total solidification when the frequency is changed from ω = π/64 to ω = 0.
An extended and improved particle‐spectral method for analysis of unsteady inviscid incompressible flows through a channel of finite length
Authors: Govorukhin Vasily N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the development of a method to simulate and analyze unsteady flows of incompressible and inviscid fluids in rectangular channels. Mathematically, the flow problem formulates as Euler equations in terms of the stream function and vorticity. The normal velocity and the vorticity are given at the inlet of the channel, and only the normal velocity is specified at the outlet. The particle‐spectral method describes the vorticity field change in a Lagrangian sense by dynamics of marker particles and an Eulerian description of the velocity field using the global Galerkin approximation. The method involves the subdivision of flow domain on rectangular cells; the approximation of vorticity distribution in cells by least‐squares method; Galerkin coefficients calculation using analytical integration on space variables. For time integration, the five‐stage Runge‐Kutta method of the third accuracy order and the sixth one of symplecticity with adaptive step size control uses. The extension of the particle‐spectral approach comprises algorithms for fluid flows qualitative analysis jointly with the time simulation of unsteady flows. This includes the trajectories of marker particles calculation, computing the particle's residence time in the channel, kinetic energy dynamics, and algorithms for analyzing the dynamics and mixing of vortex patches. Test calculations based on reference solutions showed the effectiveness and good accuracy of the particle‐spectral approach. Using the developed method the dynamics of one and two initial vortex patches in the channel were investigated. We found the final state of their long‐time dynamics is time‐periodic or quasi‐periodic movements. The application of qualitative analysis algorithms demonstrates these final states produce a chaotic scattering of fluid particles in the flow‐through zone of the channel.
Disease progression in dementia with Lewy bodies: A longitudinal study on clinical symptoms, quality of life and functional impairment
Authors: van de Beek Marleen , van Unnik Annemartijn , van Steenoven Inger , van der Zande Jessica , Barkhof Frederik , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van der Flier Wiesje , Lemstra Afina W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a heterogeneous disease, with variable signs and symptoms across multiple domains. We aimed to identify associations with rate of change in cognition, everyday functioning (IADL) and quality of life (QoL).MethodsWe included 121 DLB patients (69 ± 6 yrs, 14%F, MMSE: 25 ± 3) in our prospective cohort (follow‐up 2 ± 1 yrs). We described progression of symptoms and cognitive decline over time. Mixed models were used to investigate whether changes in symptoms were associated to changes in IADL (FAQ), QoL (QoL‐AD) and caregiver burden (ZBI). Last, we investigated whether baseline symptoms and biomarkers predicted decline in cognition (MMSE), IADL (FAQ) and QoL (QoL‐AD).ResultsParkinsonism and RBD were most frequently present early in the disease course, while hallucinations were more likely to develop in a later stage. MMSE (annual change β ± SE = −2.06 ± 0.23), QoL‐AD (−1.03 ± 0.20), and FAQ (3.04 ± 0.30) declined over time. Increasing severity of clinical symptoms was associated to increases in FAQ, QoL‐AD and caregiver burden. Baseline clinical symptoms were not predictive for decline in these outcomes. By contrast, AD co‐pathology (CSF pTau/Aβ42 ratio) was associated to steeper decline in MMSE (−1.23 ± 0.54). Medial temporal atrophy (−0.81 ± 0.26) and global cortical atrophy (−0.73 ± 0.36) predisposed for decline in QoL‐AD.ConclusionsOur findings imply that underlying disease processes, rather than clinical symptomatology aid in predicting decline. These findings are relevant for treatment strategies and the development of DLB specific outcome measures.
Older people with severe loneliness have an atrophied thalamus, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex
Authors: Imai Ayu , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Narumoto Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesLoneliness has been shown to increase the risk of dementia. However, it is unclear why greater loneliness is associated with greater susceptibility to dementia. Herein, we aimed to examine the morphological characteristics of the brain associated with loneliness in older people concerned about cognitive dysfunction.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 110 participants (80 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 30 cognitively healthy individuals) were included. Participants were assessed using the revised University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale and had undergone magnetic resonance imaging. Spearman correlation analysis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to examine the clinical factors associated with loneliness. Multiple regression was performed to examine the relationship between the revised UCLA loneliness scale score and regional gray matter (GM) volume on voxel‐based morphometry.ResultsThe revised UCLA loneliness scale scores were not significantly correlated with age, sex, or mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores. Multiple regression using age, sex, MMSE score, and total brain volume as covariates showed negative correlations of the revised UCLA loneliness scale scores with the grey matter volume in regions centered on the bilateral thalamus, left hippocampus and left parahippocampal gyrus, and left entorhinal area.ConclusionsSubjective loneliness was associated with decreased GM volume in the bilateral thalamus, left hippocampus, and left entorhinal cortex of the brain in the older people, thereby providing a morphological basis for the increased risk of dementia associated with greater loneliness.
Impact of soil texture and salt type on salt precipitation and evaporation under different hydraulic conditions
Authors: Li Xinhu , Guo Min , Wang Hongchao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSalt precipitation and evaporation in porous media is an important research topic. However, several aspects remain controversial; notably, whether efflorescence inhibits evaporation in wet soil, the influence of soil texture on salt crust formation and the effect of sulphate precipitation on evaporation under changing hydraulic conditions. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of salt type (NaCl and Na2SO4) and soil texture (sandy soil, sandy loam and silt loam) on salt precipitation and evaporation under different hydraulic conditions (with and without fixed groundwater). Our results demonstrated that a NaCl salt crust strongly inhibited evaporation, even from wet soil (with groundwater), owing to its denser salt structure, which inhibited fluid flow. Moreover, the salt crust pattern differed based on soil texture. Relatively thin, flat and uniform salt crusts were developed in finer soils (silt loam), with greater evaporation resistance, whereas thick and rough salt crusts were developed in coarser soil (sandy soil), with less evaporation resistance. Na2SO4 was precipitated as subflorescence in drying soil, whereas wet soils exhibited a mixed salt precipitation pattern including both efflorescence and subflorescence. Notably, evaporation was primarily inhibited by efflorescence, rather than subflorescence. Our research provides novel insights into the dynamics of salt precipitation and evaporation in natural soils.
Suppression of SAMSN1 contributes to neuroprotection in neonatal rats suffering from hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy injury
Authors: Wang Yi‐Bo , Gan Zong‐Jin , Zhang Jun‐Yan , Wanchana Somjit , Guo Xi‐Liang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article aims to detect the effect of SAM domain, SH3 domain, and nuclear localization signal 1 (SAMSN1) in neonatal rats with neurological dysfunction induced by hypoxia and ischemia (HI). The HI model was created using 7‐day postnatal rats. Zea‐longa score was utilized to validate the neurological injury after HI. Then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis methods. The oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) models were established in the SY5Y cells and fetal human cortical neurons. In addition, SAMSN1‐small interfering RNA, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and cell growth curve were employed to evaluate the cell viability variation. Obviously, Zea‐longa scores increased in rats with HI insult. Subsequently, SAMSN1 was screened out, and it was found that SAMSN1 was strikingly upregulated in SY5Y cells and fetal neurons post‐OGD. Interestingly, we found that SAMSN1 silencing could markedly enhance cell viability and cell growth after OGD. These data suggested that downregulation of SAMSN1 may exert a neuroprotective effect on damaged neurons after HI by improving cell viability and cell survival, which provides a potential theoretical basis for clinical trials in the future to treat neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
Could platelet indices have diagnostic properties in children with COVID‐19?
Authors: Dobrijević Dejan , Antić Jelena , Rakić Goran , Andrijević Ljiljana , Katanić Jasmina , Pastor Kristian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionViral infections are often accompanied by reactive thrombocytosis, that is, increased activity of platelets, which is especially common in infants and children.ObjectiveThis study aimed to test the diagnostic properties of platelet indices, plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), in children with beta corona virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.MethodsThe study included 232 patients below the age of 18 admitted to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) isolation wards at the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina. PCT, MPV and PDW values on the day of admission were recorded. In total, 245 controls were selected from those treated for SARS‐CoV‐2 negative respiratory infections. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.ResultsMPV and PDW were found important as independent predictors for COVID‐19 in children. Furthermore, the joint effect of MPV and PDW for predicting COVID‐19 was confirmed. The parameters showed better sensitivity than specificity.ConclusionOur study showed that PCT is not clinically significant, while MPV and PDW have diagnostic value in predicting COVID‐19 in children. In perspective, these parameters could be implemented in the various learning algorithms in order to achieve earlier diagnosis and treatment.