bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal‐defined resources reveal nutritional inadequacies for woodland caribou during summer–autumn
Authors: Denryter Kristin , Cook Rachel C. , Cook John G. , Parker Katherine L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPopulations of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are declining throughout their range and many are at risk of extirpation, yet the role of nutrition in these declines remains poorly understood, in part owing to a lack of information about available nutritional resources during summer. We quantified rates of intake of digestible protein and digestible energy by tame caribou foraging in temporary enclosures in the predominant plant communities of northeastern British Columbia, Canada, during summer–autumn and compared intake rates to daily requirements for protein and energy during lactation. We tested hypotheses related to the nutritional adequacy of the environment to support nutritional requirements during lactation (with and without replenishment of body reserves) and simulated scenarios of foraging by caribou in these plant communities to better understand how wild caribou could meet nutritional demands on these landscapes. Nutritional resources varied among plant communities across seasonal, ecological, and successional gradients; digestible energy intake per minute and per day were significantly greater in younger than older forests; dietary digestible energy and per‐minute and daily intake of digestible protein were greater, though not significantly so, in younger than older forests; and dietary digestible protein was greater in older than younger forests, though differences were not significant. Tame caribou were unable to satisfy protein and energy requirements during lactation, even without replenishment of body reserves, at most sites sampled. Further, foraging simulations suggested widespread nutritional inadequacies on ranges of wild caribou. Selection for habitats offering the best nutrition may mitigate some nutritional inadequacies, but given low availability of vegetation communities with high nutritional value, performance (e.g., calf production, growth, replenishment of body fat and protein) of caribou may be depressed at levels of nutrition documented herein. Our results, coupled with recent measurements of body fat of wild caribou in northeastern British Columbia, refute the hypothesis that the nutritional environment available to caribou during summer in northeastern British Columbia is adequate to fully support nutritional demands of lactating caribou, which has implications to productivity of caribou populations, recovery, and conservation.
Systemic manifestations and symptom burden of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy in a referral cohort
Authors: Kelly Cecilia R. , Saw Jacqui‐Lyn , Thapa Prabin , Mandrekar Jay , Naddaf Elie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe full spectrum of the clinical phenotype of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), beyond skeletal muscle weakness, remains poorly characterized. In this study, we describe systemic manifestations and symptom burden in a large series of FSHD patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of FSHD patients seen at our institution between 2000 and 2017. We reviewed patients' responses to a comprehensive review of symptoms and the results of diagnostic testing for sensorineural hearing loss, cardiac disease, dysphagia, ocular abnormalities, and respiratory insufficiency. We assessed the association between disease manifestations and age of onset, genetic profile, and disease duration.ResultsWe identified 87 patients with FSHD. The most common reported symptoms included pain (71%), difficulty sleeping (41%), headaches (27%), and altered mood (24%). When tested, 7 of 16 (44%) patients had sensorineural hearing loss, 20 of 60 (33%) had cardiac arrhythmias or conduction defects, 17 of 45 (38%) had echocardiogram abnormalities, 12 of 25 (48%) had reduced forced vital capacity, and 4 of 10 (40%) had oropharyngeal dysphagia. However, patients with these abnormalities represented 8%, 23%, 20%, 14%, and 5% of total number of patients, respectively, as uniform screening was lacking. Ocular pathology attributable to FSHD was not detected.DiscussionFSHD demonstrates a broad clinical phenotype. Increased vigilance among neurologists to screen for systemic manifestations of the disease is warranted. More uniform screening and future population‐based studies are needed to compare findings in FSHD patients with the general population.
Rethinking individual relationships with entities of nature
Authors: Lehnen Lisa , Arbieu Ugo , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Díaz Sandra , Glikman Jenny A. , Mueller Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Recognizing variation in human–nature relationships across different contexts, entities of nature and individual people is central to an equitable management of nature and its contributions to people, and to design effective strategies for encouraging and guiding more sustainable human behaviour.

We complement the broader Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) conceptual framework by zooming in from relationships between people and nature to individual relationships with entities of nature (IREN), and introduce a new typology that categorizes those relationships based on individual attitude, behavioural preference and behaviour towards an entity. These three dimensions illustrate if an individual perceives the entity to provide mainly positive, negative or no contributions; prefers to have a mainly positive, negative or no impact on the entity; and performs mainly actions with positive, negative or no impacts on the entity.

The IREN typology defines 17 overarching relationship types, including not only types where attitude, behavioural preference and behaviour are all negative (intolerance), all neutral (indifference) or all positive (stewardship), but also types where the valence of some dimensions diverges. Among those, we integrate and redefine established types like tolerance, and introduce new ones like ambivalent opposition, which is highly relevant for the management of overabundant or invasive species.

Combining attitude, behavioural preference and behaviour to categorize different IREN types can help detect inequalities in the benefits and detriments individual people receive from different entities, and signal societal conflict potential or misalignment of behaviour with conservation goals. Combining those three dimensions also indicates the relative importance of goal‐oriented motives like the desire to optimize an entity's perceived contributions, moral motives like the desire to act righteously and implementation barriers preventing individuals from acting according to their preference.

By adding an individual‐ and entity‐specific perspective, the IREN framework and typology can encourage more equitable approaches to managing the benefits and detriments people derive from nature, and assist the development of more effective strategies for aligning human behaviour with conservation and sustainability goals.
Factors associated with resolution of childhood asthma by the age of 17: Large cohort analysis
Authors: Goldberg Shmuel , Picard Elie , Joseph Leon , Kedem Ron , Sommer Adir , Tzur Dorit , Cohen Shlomo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany children with asthma will become asymptomatic during adolescence. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with recovery from asthma by the age of 17.MethodsThe medical records of 17‐year‐old conscripts to the Israeli army with asthma were compared with the records of conscripts with rigorously diagnosed resolved asthma. We assessed the association between the following parameters and asthma resolution: body mass index (BMI), recurrent rhinitis, birth season, socioeconomic level, and cognition.ResultsSixty‐eight thousand and ninety conscripts with active asthma were compared to 14,695 with resolved asthma. In univariate analysis, rhinitis, overweight, underweight, higher socioeconomic level, and lower cognitive score were associated with active asthma (p < 0.001 for both sexes), but not the season of birth. In multivariate analysis, only overweight, underweight, rhinitis, and lower cognitive score (p < 0.001 for both sexes) remained significantly associated with persistence of asthma.ConclusionsAlthough association does not prove causation, our finding is another reason to encourage adolescents with asthma to maintain a normal body weight. Prospective interventional studies are needed in order to decide whether changing weight to ensure BMI is within the ideal range and controlling rhinitis increases the odds of resolution of asthma in adolescence.
From Dough to Porous Nanostructured Sn−C Framework: A Green Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Li Pei‐Dong , Dai Lu , Tu Qiang , Cui Yue‐Hua , Yuan Jia‐Hu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides a low cost and green environmental preparation method to produce a high performance of stannum‐carbon lithium battery anode material. The advantage of this method is not only for improving the performance and stability comparing with the stannum‐carbon lithium battery, but also show a way for the industrial scale for the applications at the same time. This paper provides a reasonably designed hybrid composite as lithium ion battery anode that shows a reversible capacity of 440 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. This result is mainly attributed to the nanocrystallization of stannum and the introduction of expansion space by combination of wheat flour nature properties and redox process.
A hybrid approach of wind farm site selection using Group Best‐Worst Method and GIS‐Based Fuzzy Logic Relations. A case study in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Truong Nhat , Ly Tram Thi Bich , Do Huyen Thi Thu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid model was developed by the combination of Group Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Based on Best‐Worst Method (so‐called Group Best Worst Method) and GIS‐Based Fuzzy Logic Relations to provide decision support of the sustainable development of wind power. The proposed model was developed in four main steps including 1) defining exclusion criteria and weighted criteria; 2) normalizing data by fuzzy membership functions in GIS environment; 3) determining the influence/weighting of the criteria through Group Best‐Worst Method; and 4) identifying the suitable areas for wind farm location. In a case study of Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam, it resulted in the coastal areas being most suitable for the development of wind power. It was found to be in line with the local plan of renewable energy development. Moreover, the paddy field areas could also be highly suitable for wind energy sitting due to the reduced adverse effects on nature reserves biodiversity, and the potential benefits associated with the increased land values and local farmer's income, higher crop yield, etc. The proposed hybrid model is considered a novel and straightforward approach in wind power planning that can be extended to other fields of MCDM regarding the selection of geographical location for the other renewable energy projects.
Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins
Authors: Borén Jan , Taskinen Marja-Riitta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriglycerides are critical lipids as they provide an energy source that is both compact and efficient. Due to its hydrophobic nature triglyceride molecules can pack together densely and so be stored in adipose tissue. To be transported in the aqueous medium of plasma, triglycerides have to be incorporated into lipoprotein particles along with other components such as cholesterol, phospholipid and associated structural and regulatory apolipoproteins. Here we discuss the physiology of normal triglyceride metabolism, and how impaired metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and its pathogenic consequences including atherosclerosis. We also discuss established and novel therapies to reduce triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Lagrangian Methods for Visualizing and Assessing Frontal Dynamics of Floating Marine Litter with a Focus on Tidal Basins
Authors: Ricker Marcel , Meyerjürgens Jens , Badewien Thomas H. , Stanev Emil V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLagrangian methods are a common tool in physical oceanography. Due to the quasi-Lagrangian characteristics of floating marine litter (FML) and the chemical substances released from it, Lagrangian methods can be used to study this environmental threat. Most of the existing investigations of this topic have been carried out in the deep ocean, where baroclinic dynamics dominate. In contrast, studies of tidally dominated, shallow regions are much fewer in number. Compared to the deep ocean, shallow shelves are more strongly influenced by freshwater inputs, bottom stress, complex coastlines, and wind, which imply higher diffusion rates, especially in the presence of tides. Furthermore, they steer the transport of FML from rivers to the deep ocean with fronts as an important driver. The present chapter reviews Lagrangian methods for visualizing and assessing frontal dynamics in tidal basins with data obtained from numerical modeling and satellite-tracked drifters. The specific requirements for the two data sources are described and discussed. Some of these methods are applied in the North Sea, located on the European northwest shelf, where tidal mixing fronts and fronts due to freshwater runoff exist. It is demonstrated how surface convergence and gradients in temperature, salinity, and density are connected with the accumulation of virtual and satellite-tracked drifters. The effect of tides on the propagation of Lagrangian particles is shown to be significant and demonstrates the importance of tidal forces and vertical dynamics in Lagrangian simulations in tidal basins. The chapter ends with the future outlook, illuminating the numerous knowledge gaps remaining and proposing areas for future research.
Decomposition of BPS moduli spaces and asymptotics of supersymmetric partition functions
Authors: Ardehali Arash Arabi , Hong Junho 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a prototype for Wilsonian analysis of asymptotics of supersymmetric partition functions of non-abelian gauge theories. Localization allows expressing such partition functions as an integral over a BPS moduli space. When the limit of interest introduces a scale hierarchy in the problem, asymptotics of the partition function is obtained in the Wilsonian approach by i) decomposing (in some suitable scheme) the BPS moduli space into various patches according to the set of light fields (lighter than the scheme dependent cut-off Λ) they support, ii) localizing the partition function of the effective field theory on each patch (with cut-offs set by the scheme), and iii) summing up the contributions of all patches to obtain the final asymptotic result (which is scheme-independent and accurate as Λ → ∞). Our prototype concerns the Cardy-like asymptotics of the 4d superconformal index, which has been of interest recently for its application to black hole microstate counting in AdS5/CFT4. As a byproduct of our analysis we obtain the most general asymptotic expression for the index of gauge theories in the Cardy-like limit, encompassing and extending all previous results.
Dental extraction, intensity-modulated radiotherapy of head and neck cancer, and osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Balermpas Panagiotis , van Timmeren Janita E. , Knierim David J. , Guckenberger Matthias , Ciernik Ilja F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To seek evidence for osteoradionecrosis (ORN) after dental extractions before or after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods
Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from 2000 until 2020. Articles on HNC patients treated with IMRT and dental extractions were analyzed by two independent reviewers. The risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) for ORN related to extractions were calculated using Fisher’s exact test. A one-sample proportion test was used to assess the proportion of pre- versus post-IMRT extractions. Forest plots were used for the pooled RR and OR using a random-effects model.

Results
Seven of 630 publications with 875 patients were eligible. A total of 437 (49.9%) patients were treated with extractions before and 92 (10.5%) after IMRT. 28 (3.2%) suffered from ORN after IMRT. ORN was associated with extractions in 15 (53.6%) patients, eight related to extractions prior to and seven cases related to extractions after IMRT. The risk and odds for ORN favored pre-IMRT extractions (RR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.74, p = 0.031, I2 = 0%, OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03–0.99, p = 0.049, I2 = 0%). However, the prediction interval of the expected range of 95% of true effects included 1 for RR and OR.

Conclusion
Tooth extraction before IMRT is more common than after IMRT, but dental extractions before compared to extractions after IMRT have not been proven to reduce the incidence of ORN. Extractions of teeth before IMRT have to be balanced with any potential delay in initiating cancer therapy.
Epidemiologie der Virushepatitiden A bis E in Deutschland
Authors: Dudareva Sandra , Faber Mirko , Zimmermann Ruth , Bock C.-Thomas , Offergeld Ruth , Steffen Gyde , Enkelmann Julia 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungMit Virushepatitis A bis E werden verschiedene infektiöse Entzündungen des Leberparenchyms bezeichnet, die durch die Hepatitisviren A bis E (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV und HEV) ausgelöst werden. Zwar ähneln sich die Krankheitsbilder, die Erreger gehören jedoch zu verschiedenen Virusfamilien und unterscheiden sich bezüglich der Pathogenese, der Übertragungswege, des klinischen Verlaufs und der Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten. In Deutschland besteht eine namentliche Meldepflicht nach Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) für den direkten oder indirekten Nachweis und für Verdacht, Erkrankung und Tod. Die Daten werden an das Robert Koch-Institut übermittelt.In diesem Beitrag wird die Epidemiologie der Hepatitiden A bis E anhand publizierter Studien und Meldedaten beschrieben und es werden aktuelle Herausforderungen und Präventionsansätze aufgezeigt. Letztere bestehen insbesondere in der verbesserten Umsetzung bereits bestehender Impfempfehlungen (Hepatitis A und B), dem verbesserten Zugang zu Prävention, Testung und Versorgung, einschließlich Therapie mit antiviralen Medikamenten (Hepatitis B, C und D), und der Erkennung und Verhinderung lebensmittelbedingter Infektionen und Ausbrüche und Verbesserungen auf dem Gebiet der Lebensmittelsicherheit (Hepatitis A und E).
Labor and environment in global value chains: an evolutionary policy study with a three-sector and two-region agent-based macroeconomic model
Authors: Gerdes Lena , Rengs Bernhard , Scholz-Wäckerle Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe world economy crucially depends on multi-layered value chains with high degrees of sector-related specialization. Its final products are of international character and serve the needs and wants of the global citizen. However, many production processes are causing severe damage to the environment and moreover create health hazard for workers and local populations. This research article focuses on the increasing global unequal economic- and ecological exchange, fundamentally embedded in international trade. Resource extraction and labor conditions in the Global South as well as the implications for climate change originating from industry emissions in the North are investigated with an agent-based model. The model serves as a testbed for simulation experiments with evolutionary political economic policies. An international institution is introduced sanctioning the polluting extractivist sector in the Global South as well as the emitting industrial capital good producers in the North with the aim of subsidizing innovation reducing environmental and social impacts. Both regions are modelled as macroeconomic complex adaptive systems where international trade is restricted to a three-sector value chain, originating from mining resources in the South that are traded to capital good producers in the North crafting machinery which is eventually traded to consumer good firms, both in the North and South. The main outcome of the study is that sanctions alone are not effective in countering unequal exchange. They only make a difference in combination with subsidies for innovation activities, which are protecting labor and reducing local pollution in mines as well as reducing carbon-emissions in capital good production.
Theranostic PSMA ligands with optimized backbones for intraoperative multimodal imaging and photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Derks Yvonne H. W. , van Lith Sanne A. M. , Amatdjais-Groenen Helene I. V. , Wouters Lieke W. M. , Kip Annemarie , Franssen Gerben M. , Laverman Peter , Löwik Dennis W. P. M. , Heskamp Sandra , Rijpkema Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The first generation ligands for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeted radio- and fluorescence-guided surgery followed by adjuvant photodynamic therapy (PDT) have already shown the potential of this approach. Here, we developed three new photosensitizer-based dual-labeled PSMA ligands by crucial modification of existing PSMA ligand backbone structures (PSMA-1007/PSMA-617) for multimodal imaging and targeted PDT of PCa.

Methods
Various new PSMA ligands were synthesized using solid-phase chemistry and provided with a DOTA chelator for 111In labeling and the fluorophore/photosensitizer IRDye700DX. The performance of three new dual-labeled ligands was compared with a previously published first-generation ligand (PSMA-N064) and a control ligand with an incomplete PSMA-binding motif. PSMA specificity, affinity, and PDT efficacy of these ligands were determined in LS174T-PSMA cells and control LS174T wildtype cells. Tumor targeting properties were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous LS174T-PSMA and LS174T wildtype tumors using µSPECT/CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and biodistribution studies after dissection.

Results
In order to synthesize the new dual-labeled ligands, we modified the PSMA peptide linker by substitution of a glutamic acid into a lysine residue, providing a handle for conjugation of multiple functional moieties. Ligand optimization showed that the new backbone structure leads to high-affinity PSMA ligands (all IC50 < 50 nM). Moreover, ligand-mediated PDT led to a PSMA-specific decrease in cell viability in vitro (P < 0.001). Linker modification significantly improved tumor targeting compared to the previously developed PSMA-N064 ligand (≥ 20 ± 3%ID/g vs 14 ± 2%ID/g, P < 0.01) and enabled specific visualization of PMSA-positive tumors using both radionuclide and fluorescence imaging in mice.

Conclusion
The new high-affinity dual-labeled PSMA-targeting ligands with optimized backbone compositions showed increased tumor targeting and enabled multimodal image-guided PCa surgery combined with targeted photodynamic therapy.