bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virial Clumps in Central Molecular Zone Clouds
Authors: Myers Philip C. , Hatchfield H Perry , Battersby Cara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
CMZoom survey observations with the Submillimeter Array are analyzed to describe the virial equilibrium (VE) and star-forming potential of 755 clumps in 22 clouds in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Milky Way. In each cloud, nearly all clumps follow the column density–mass trend N ∝ M

s
, where s = 0.38 ± 0.03 is near the pressure-bounded limit s

p
= 1/3. This trend is expected when gravitationally unbound clumps in VE have similar velocity dispersion and external pressure. Nine of these clouds also harbor one or two distinctly more massive clumps. These properties allow a VE model of bound and unbound clumps in each cloud, where the most massive clump has the VE critical mass. These models indicate that 213 clumps have velocity dispersion 1–2 km s−1, mean external pressure (0.5–4) × 108 cm−3 K, bound clump fraction 0.06, and typical virial parameter α = 4–15. These mostly unbound clumps may be in VE with their turbulent cloud pressure, possibly driven by inflow from the Galactic bar. In contrast, most Sgr B2 clumps are bound according to their associated sources and N–M trends. When the CMZ clumps are combined into mass distributions, their typical power-law slope is analyzed with a model of stopped accretion. It also indicates that most clumps are unbound and cannot grow significantly, due to their similar timescales of accretion and dispersal, ∼0.2 Myr. Thus, virial and dynamical analyses of the most extensive clump census available indicate that star formation in the CMZ may be suppressed by a significant deficit of gravitationally bound clumps.
Relativistic Alfvén Waves Entering Charge-starvation in the Magnetospheres of Neutron Stars
Authors: Chen Alexander Y. , Yuan Yajie , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Li Xinyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Instabilities in a neutron star can generate Alfvén waves in its magnetosphere. Propagation along the curved magnetic field lines strongly shears the wave, boosting its electric current j
A. We derive an analytic expression for the evolution of the wavevector
k
and the growth of j
A. In the strongly sheared regime, j
A may exceed the maximum current j
0 that can be supported by the background e
± plasma. We investigate these charge-starved waves, first using a simplified two-fluid analytic model, then with first-principles kinetic simulations. We find that the Alfvén wave is able to propagate successfully even when κ ≡ j
A/j
0 ≫ 1. It sustains j
A by compressing and advecting the plasma along the magnetic field lines with an increasing Lorentz factor, γ ≳ κ
1/2. The simulations show how plasma instabilities lead to gradual dissipation of the wave energy. Our results suggest that an extremely high charge-starvation parameter κ ≳ 104 may be required in order for this mechanism to power the observed fast radio bursts (FRBs) from SGR 1935+2154. However, cosmological FRBs with much higher luminosities are unlikely to be a result of charge-starvation.
Annual Summer Submersed Macrophyte Standing Stocks Estimated From Long-Term Monitoring Data in the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Drake Deanne C. , Lund Eric M. , Kreiling Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
System-scale restoration efforts within the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge have included annual monitoring of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) since 1998 in four representative reaches spanning ∼ 440 river kilometers. We developed predictive models relating monitoring data (site-scale SAV abundance indices) to diver-harvested SAV biomass, used the models to back-estimate annual standing stock biomass between 1998 and 2018, and compared biomass estimates with previous abundance measures. We modeled two morphologically distinct groups of SAV with differing sampling efficiencies and estimated each separately: the first category included only wild celery Vallisneria americana, which has long, unbranched leaves and dominates lotic environments, while the second category included 17 branched morphology species (e.g., hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum and Canadian water weed Elodea canadensis) and dominates lentic environments. Wild celery accounted for approximately half of total estimated total biomass in the four reaches, combined branched species accounted for half, and invasive species (Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and curly-leaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus), a fraction of the branched species, accounted for &lt; 1.5%. Site-scale SAV estimates ranged from 0 to 535 g·m−2 (dry mass). We observed increases in biomass in most areas between 1998 and 2009 and substantial increases (e.g., from &lt; 10 g·m−2 to ∼ 125 g·m−2) in wild celery in extensive impounded areas between 2002 and 2007. Analyses also indicate a transitional period in 2007–2010 during which changes in biomass trajectories were evident in all reaches and included the start of a 9-y, ∼ 70% decrease in wild celery biomass in the southernmost impounded area. Biomass estimates provided new insights and illustrated scales of change that were not previously apparent using traditional metrics. The ability to estimate biomass from Long Term Resource Monitoring data improves conservation efforts through better understanding of changes in habitat and food resources for biota, improved goal setting for restoration projects and improved quantification of SAV-mediated structural effects such as anchoring of sediments and feedbacks with water quality.
Special cube complexes revisited: a quasi-median generalization
Authors: Genevois Anthony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we generalize Haglund and Wise’s theory of special cube complexes to groups acting on quasi-median graphs. More precisely, we define special actions on quasi-median graphs, and we show that a group which acts specially on a quasi-median graph with finitely many orbits of vertices must embed as a virtual retract into a graph product of finite extensions of clique-stabilizers. In the second part of the article, we apply the theory to fundamental groups of some graphs of groups calledright-angled graphs of groups.
Conservative Management of Liver Echinococcal Cysts in Pregnant Women: Single Center Experience in Pavia, Italy
Authors: Lissandrin Raffaella , Vola Ambra , Mariconti Mara , Filice Carlo , Manciulli Tommaso , Tamarozzi Francesca , Brunetti Enrico 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in pregnancy is rarely reported, with approximately one case of CE for every 20,000 to 30,000 pregnant women in endemic areas. Little information on its management is available. We report our experience with a watch and wait approach in this group of patients. We retrieved clinical data from pregnant patients with hepatic CE seen at our clinic from 1989 to 2021. All patients had at least one hepatic CE cyst and received no treatment during pregnancy. Ultrasound was used to monitor cyst evolution; outcome and complications of pregnancy and echinococcal infection were evaluated. Twelve patients with 15 pregnancies were included in this study. At the time of pregnancy, nine patients had a single cyst and two patients had multiple hepatic CE cysts. Cysts were in stage CE3a, CE3b, CE4, and CE5, according to the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis classification. All cysts except one remained stable in stage and size during and after pregnancy. In one patient with a history of multiple treatments with albendazole and with a CE4 cyst at the start of pregnancy, reactivation of the cyst during pregnancy was observed. All pregnancies except three had eutocic delivery. Cesarean sections were performed for reasons unrelated to CE. In our experience, “watch and wait” in pregnant women with uncomplicated transitional and inactive CE of the liver was a safe option in a small cohort of patients. Pooled data from other referral centers, including cases with CE1 and CE2 cysts, are needed to confirm the safety of this approach.
Molecular Characterization of Rickettsial Agents in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Sri Lanka
Authors: Dasch Gregory A. , Eremeeva Marina E. , Zambrano Maria L. , Premaratna Ranjan , Kularatne S. A. M. , Jayanthe Rajapakse R. P. V. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
Because the majority of spotted fever group rickettsiae are transmitted to humans by tick bites, it is important to understand which ticks might play a role in transmission of rickettsial pathogens in Sri Lanka. The purpose of our study was to conduct molecular surveillance of 847 ticks collected in different locations in central Sri Lanka to determine which were infected with Rickettsia and Anaplasmataceae. Molecular methods were used to identify the ticks and the agents detected. Most ticks (Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis, and Rhipicephalus) were collected by flagging, and lower number was collected from dogs, cattle, pigs, a pangolin, and tortoises. Five spotted fever genotypes were identified: a Rickettsia africae-like agent in Amblyomma larvae, Rhipicephalus massiliae and a related genotype identified in association with the tropical type of Rhipicephalus sanguineus from dogs and Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides from dogs and cattle, and Candidatus R. kellyi and another novel genotype (SL94) in R. haemaphysaloides. Twenty-three ticks were positive for Anaplasmataceae, including one Anaplasma and two Ehrlichia genotypes. Because the sequence database for both ticks and rickettsial agents from Sri Lanka and southern India is not extensive, additional molecular characterization of the tick species of Sri Lanka and their rickettsial agents is required to understand their pathogenic potential more completely. However, several of the agents we identified in this survey may well be pathogenic for humans and domestic animals, and should be considered as a part of epidemiological surveillance and patient management.
Facemask Usage Among Pedestrians in Most Crowded Urban Districts of Kabul, Afghanistan, During the Third COVID-19 Wave: An Observational Study
Authors: Nemat Arash , Asady Abdullah , Ataye Ahmad Wali , Danishmand Tamim Jan , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Raufi Nahid 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
COVID-19 has spread worldwide since its emergence from Wuhan. In countries with a low vaccination rate, the use of facemasks is essential to limit the risk of COVID-19 transmission. We have conducted this study in June 2021 to estimate the prevalence of facemask usage, and investigate the use of different types of facemasks and their distribution among pedestrians in the most crowded urban districts of Kabul during the third COVID-19 wave in Afghanistan. Using a multistage sampling method, a total of 5,000 pedestrians were selected from five most crowded urban districts of the city. The data was gathered by an observational method. The percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the variables. The χ2 test analysis was used to assess the relationship between two categorical variables. Of the 5,000 observations, the most common age group was 10–39 years with high participation of male (87.2%). A total of 2,013 (40.3%) people used facemasks (95% CI). Females used facemasks significantly more than males (64.6% versus 36.7%, P < 0.001). Among the pedestrians who used a facemask, most of them (88.6%) wore their facemask correctly. In conclusion, the prevalence of facemask use in Kabul was fairly low especially among elderly people (≥ 60 years). Hence, the observed rates probably cannot protect the community against COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the public health recommendations via educational programs and national campaigns to support the strict use of facemasks in public places.
Flow Cytometric Sorting of Infected Erythrocytes Demonstrates Reliable Detection of Individual Ring-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Parasites by Plasmodium 18S rRNA Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Matsubara Jokichi , Chang Ming , Seilie Annette M. , Murphy Sean C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
Molecular diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum parasites are increasingly used to enable ultrasensitive detection of infection in clinical trials and field surveillance studies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based assays targeting 18S rRNA are particularly sensitive with limits of detection reported to comprise a single infected red blood cell (RBC) in a relatively large volume of blood. However, the validation testing at such limiting concentrations is hampered by the so-called Poisson distribution of such rare events, which can lead laboratorians to inaccurately set the limit of detection higher (i.e., less sensitive) than the assay can actually detect. Here we set out to formally demonstrate the analytical sensitivity of the Plasmodium 18S rRNA quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used on synchronous P. falciparum cultures doubly stained for DNA and RNA and was followed by qRT-PCR on the individual sorted cells spiked with negative whole blood. Over 95% of individual single-ring infected RBCs were detected by qRT-PCR. The formally measured median 18S rRNA content per individual ring-stage P. falciparum parasite was 9,550 copies (interquartile range 8,130–12,300). Thus, one can confidently rely on Plasmodium 18S rRNA qRT-PCR to detect one parasite per 50-µL blood sample.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Juarsa Badri  
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Pengaruh penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban terhadap kinerja manajerial; (2) Pengaruh penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban terhadap motivasi; (3) Pengaruh penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban terhadap kinerja manajerial melalui motivasi.
Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Semen Padang Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah menggunakan teknik total samping dengan cara menyebar kuesioner.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Manajerial; (2) Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi; (3) Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial melalui motivasi.
Determinants of Banking Profitability Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange Before and During Covid-19
Authors: Widyarini Rodyah , Santoso Marsoem Bambang 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Efficiency (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan (NPL) and Covid-19 on profitability of banking companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX during 2019 quartal 2 to 2021 quartal 1. While, from the population of 45 companies, it took 36 companies as sample. The study utilized panel data obtained from the financial reports listed in banking listed in IDX. By using Fixed Effect Model, The results are CAR, NIM, LDR and Covid-19 had no effect on ROA. BOPO and NPL had a negatif and significant effect on ROA. Prediction capability from these six variables toward ROA is 93.41%. Meanwhile, the remaining 6,59% is explained by other factors outside the model
Is cyproterone acetate causing intracranial meningiomas?
Authors: Majid Zuha , Rutaab Kareem  
Published: April 2022

Dear Editor, cyproterone acetate (CPA) is an anti-androgenic medication with progestin like properties. It is used in treating acne, hirsutism, poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and in birth control pills in females and in prostate cancer in males. It is used with or without ethinyl estradiol and works by suppressing the action of testosterone on the tissues. This drug gained popularity as it was the first anti-androgen drug. Despite its efficacy, it is not free from side effects including headache, migraine, depression, weight gain, and elevated liver enzymes(1). Although unavailable in the United States, cyproterone acetate has been used internationally for many years.(2)
However, some recent studies published on this drug have raised serious concerns. A study by Weill et Al. pointed out the association between use of high doses of cyproterone acetate and intracranial meningiomas in women(3). In this cohort study, a crude relative risk of 5.2 (95% CI 3.2 to 8.6) and adjusted hazard ratio of 6.6 (95% CI 4.0 to 11.1) was found between CPA and meningiomas. This relation was dose dependent, and the risk decreased when discontinued the use of CPA. This is not the only study that reported these relations. A study carried out by Gil, in as early as 2011, pointed out a similar causal connection(4), but had less impact due to low power. Moreover, people exposed to CPA experienced earlier onset of meningioma.(5).
This worrying revelation raises the question, is the drug safe to be prescribed.
CPA is easily available in Pakistan like many other countries. Hyperandrogenic disorders are high in Pakistan and physicians find this drug effective against those conditions. We suggest that this drug be prescribed with caution and in low doses. CPA therapy conjugated with estradiol should be preferred as it had fewer adverse effects. The patients who take CPA in high doses should be made aware of the high risks of the drug. If prolonged use is necessary, regular MRIs should be considered and prompt measures should be taken in case of any unprecedented finding. In patients with a history of meningiomas, this drug should be strictly restricted. Many other drugs, such as spironolactone(6) are being tested for use as a safety relay for CPA. However, more extensive research is required to find safe alternatives for cyproterone acetate.
Efektivitas Pengelolaan Zakat di Baznas Kota Bekasi dengan Prinsip Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Tesmanto Joni 
Published: April 2022

The objectives to be achieved by the authors in this study are to determine the Effectiveness of Zakat Management Management at BAZNAS Bekasi City with the Principles of Transparency and Accountability. Then specifically, this research has goals and uses which are expected to be useful for the community at large and for employees of BAZNAS Bekasi City. This type of research is field research (Field Research). Field research is research with data obtained from direct research on activities in the research field. The data were collected by the researchers directly from the sources, namely the manager of BAZNAS Bekasi City, Muzaki (community) and Munfik. This research was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. BAZNAS Bekasi City has implemented the principle of transparency for its employees, every year a meeting is held to find out what plans will be implemented. BAZNAS Bekasi City has an RKAT (Annual Budget Work Plan) in which this RKAT must be approved by the province. From the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation carried out by BAZNAS Bekasi City is accountable based on predetermined standards that have been planned. In its implementation, Bekasi City BAZNAS does not only work alone, but also cooperates with several parties, such as collaboration with Bulog (Logistics Affairs Agency), Villages, Urban Villages, and Schools to find out data on underprivileged or high achieving students. The management of BAZNAS Bekasi City should always implement policies that are in line with the ideals of zakat management, namely the welfare of the people, namely by prioritizing the allocation for productive zakat schemes. If there is a standard allocation per scheme for the zakat program set by BAZNAS Bekasi City, then there should be optimal monitoring of the realization of distribution so that the target and realization run in harmony.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Zakat, Principle of Transparency, Accountability
Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Melalui Pelatihan Produktivitas Oleh Dinas Tenaga Kerja Mandailing Natal
Authors: Lubis Aldi Fernando , Arif Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Mandailing Natal Panyabungan Manpower Office. The main task of the Manpower Service is as a government agency in the field of manpower in its working area. The functions of the Manpower Office include formulating manpower policies, implementing manpower policies, labor administration, labor supervision, reporting and evaluating the workforce. Related to its duties and functions, the local Manpower Office has several licensing powers such as Permits to Employ Foreign Workers (IMTA), Operational Permits for Employment Service Providers/Labourers, Employment Cards and Permits, Work Permits, to Work Center Institution Permits (BLK). . For information on requirements for obtaining a permit from the Manpower Office, costs (if any) and others, you can ask directly at the office. The public can also contact the telephone contact of the Manpower Office for a quick response, or access the website of the Manpower Office for general information and news related to employment. This research technique involves using a qualitative approach.
Keywords: Department of Manpower, Job Training Center (BLK), Human Resources
How Soil Covers Can Affect the Dynamics of Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Productivity of Creeping Fresh Market Tomatoes?
Authors: Dalbianco Alessandro Bandeira , Santi Adalberto , Dallacort Rivanildo , Fenner William , Barbieri João Danilo , Daniel Diego Fernando , Seabra Júnior Santino 
Published: April 2022

The aim was to evaluate the influence of soil covers on the dynamics of soil temperature and moisture, canopy air temperature, and yield of creeping fresh market tomatoes. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks design, using the tomato cultivar Thaise, with 5 treatments, 4 replications, with different soil covers: a) Uncovered soil (conventional planting); b) Mulching (double-sided plastic film - black and white); c) Sorghum; d) Sudan grass and e) Pearl millet), cultivated in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Soil temperature was monitored at depths of 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm and in the crop canopy, using thermocouple sensors of the type "K". Soil moisture was monitored in the 0 to 30 cm layer, using of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. Soil temperature and moisture were evaluated throughout the cycle and, in the end, the total and commercial yield of tomato crop. Soil covers have a positive influence on soil temperature and moisture in the cultivation of creeping fresh market tomatoes so that soil cover with mulching provides the highest soil temperature in the early stages of development and covers with mulching and pearl millet provide the highest values of soil moisture. The highest total and commercial yield of tomato were in the soil cover with mulching, with 110.71 and 75.93 t ha-1, respectively, presenting ideal ranges of temperature and soil moisture, so that the other treatments do not differ from each other, with the average total yield of 91.45 t ha-1.