bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Danish Validation of a Retronasal Olfactory Powder Test and Development of a Novel Quick Retronasal Olfactory Test
Authors: Niklassen Andreas Steenholt , Sakthivel Sukanya , Fjaeldstad Alexander Wieck , Ovesen Therese 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Quality of life is closely linked to retronasal olfactory function. Familiarity with odors vary, so tests need validation. Testing can be time-consuming, so a quick test and a thorough test are needed for clinical and research settings.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to validate the original retronasal powder olfactory test in a Danish population and to develop a novel quick retronasal test for easy application.
Methods Ninety-seven participants were included in the study, 59 healthy controls and 38 patients with olfactory impairment. The retronasal test was modified by substituting unfamiliar odors and descriptors and validated with a criterion of correct identification rate of 50% in the original test and 90% in the quick test. Items with over 90% correct identification rate in the modified original test were included in the quick test, resulting in a 10-item test.
Results The modified retronasal olfactory test achieved good test characteristics, with a 10th percentile cut-off value of 13: sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity 83.0%, positive predictive value 78%, negative predictive value 91.7%, and the receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was 0.86. The quick test achieved acceptable test characteristics, with a 10th percentile cut-off value of 8.2: sensitivity was 72.2%, specificity 90.6%, positive predictive value 83.9%, negative predictive value was 82.8%, and ROC-AUC 0.81.
Conclusion Validation of both tests demonstrated satisfactory accuracy. We recommend the quick test for screening purposes, and the modified original version for a thorough evaluation. The tests are easily implemented as they are easy to understand and very affordable.
Pulmonary Oncology—Scope of the Pulmonologist
Authors: Tandon Sandeep , Biraris Pavankumar , Bhaskar Maheema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN project has predicted that India's cancer burden will nearly double in the next 20 years, from slightly more than a million new cases in 2012 to more than 1·7 million by 2035. In India, chronic respiratory diseases have emerged as a leading health care burden with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being the second leading cause of deaths and disability-adjusted life years. Patients with COPD are 6.35 times more likely to develop lung cancer. The deadly dual epidemic of “chronic respiratory diseases and cancer” warrants not only prevention but also creating an increased awareness among oncologists as well as pulmonologists to enable early diagnosis and treatment. It would be incorrect to assume that the scope of a pulmonologist in oncology is just diagnosing and treating lung cancer or prescribing chemotherapy for lung cancer. There is a larger world full of opportunities beyond that, and we look at the pulmonologist as a member of a multidisciplinary oncology team working together with the surgical, radiation, and medical oncologist and ancillary specialties to address all the issues highlighted earlier that are faced in oncology practice. The current exposure to pulmonary oncology and related complications during postgraduate training for respiratory medicine in India is limited. It is necessary not only to educate the pulmonologist on their role in an oncology setup but also to increase the awareness across all oncology specialties regarding the pulmonologist's contribution in management of the cancer patient. In this review, written based on our experience gained in our pulmonology service in our tertiary oncology center, we have tried to portray the wide role of the pulmonologist in oncology. We have realized that what is lacking is the basic awareness regarding the above potential, both among pulmonologists and oncologists. Our mission is to take this message across specialists in India, highlighting how we can work synergistically in the fight against cancer.
Neuropsychiatric Treatment Approaches for Functional Neurological Disorder: A How to Guide
Authors: Finkelstein Sara A. , Adams Caitlin , Saxena Aneeta , Perez David L. , Tuttle Margaret 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a growing body of knowledge regarding management of functional neurological disorder (FND). The aim of this article is to guide the clinician through FND clinical management, from delivery of the diagnosis, to creation of a biopsychosocially-informed treatment plan, to troubleshooting common issues that arise throughout longitudinal care. We review the evidence and core principles of both rehabilitative therapies (physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy) and psychological therapies for the treatment of FND, and discuss the benefits of engaging a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team. The optimal timing of specific therapeutic interventions is also discussed, emphasizing a patient-centered perspective. Resources for further reading, for both patients and clinicians, are provided throughout. Additional research is needed to further optimize the therapeutic approach to patients with FND, including the need to develop novel treatments for those that do not positively respond to currently available interventions.
Comparison of Recovery Profiles of Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy under Desflurane, Propofol, or Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Randomized, Prospective, Clinical, Comparative Study
Authors: Verma Amit Kumar , Haldar Rudrashish , Srivastava Shashi , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mishra Prabhaker 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background Agents like propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane having rapid revival of psychomotor and cognitive functions translating into reliable anesthetic recovery are chosen for day care procedures. This prospective randomized comparative study was undertaken to compare the psychomotor and cognitive functions of patients undergoing discectomy under different anesthetic strategies.

Methods Seventy-five adult American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I and II patients being operated for endoscopic lumbar discectomy under different anesthetic regimens were enrolled and were subjected to Trieger Dot Test (TDT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) preoperatively at specified intervals postoperatively. There emergence and early recovery times, complications, and satisfaction levels were also noted.

Results No difference was found in the postoperative TDT and DSST and MMSE scores among the groups at all the time points (15 minutes, 3 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours). TDT and DSST demonstrated a tendency to return to baseline by 2nd and 3rd hour postoperatively. Emergence and early recovery times were earlier in the inhalation groups (p 0.005 and 0.007, respectively). Time required to attain a Modified Aldrete Score of 9, complications, and observed side effects were similar among the groups.

Conclusion Patients in the three groups had similar impairments in their psychomotor and cognitive functions which recovered at comparable time periods postoperatively. Emergence and early recovery were, however, faster in the desflurane group.
A 3D printed pure copper drift tube linac prototype
Authors: Mayerhofer M. , Mitteneder J. , Dollinger G. 
Published: February 2022

Radio frequency cavities are among the most challenging and costly components of an accelerator facility. They are usually manufactured in individual parts, which are then joined by complex processes, e.g., several brazing steps. 3D printing has become an alternative to these conventional manufacturing methods due to higher cost efficiency, freedom in design, and recent achievement of high print quality for pure copper. A fully functional 3 GHz drift tube linac (DTL) prototype was 3D printed in one piece, made from pure copper by selective laser melting (SLM). To achieve a higher surface quality, the DTL geometry was optimized for the SLM process. The DTL design is related to the design of the DTL part of the side-coupled DTL modules used in linac-based proton therapy facilities. The quality factor (8750) and the shunt impedance per unit length (102mΩm) of the printed prototype are already comparable to traditionally manufactured DTL structures and can be further enhanced by surface treatments.
UREMP, RO-REMP, and OO-REMP: Hybrid perturbation theories for open-shell electronic structure calculations
Authors: Behnle Stefan , Fink Reinhold F. 
Published: February 2022

An accurate description of the electron correlation energy in closed- and open-shell molecules is shown to be obtained by a second-order perturbation theory (PT) termed REMP. REMP is a hybrid of the Retaining the Excitation degree (RE) and the Møller–Plesset (MP) PTs. It performs particularly encouragingly in an orbital-optimized variant (OO-REMP) where the reference wavefunction is given by an unrestricted Slater determinant whose spin orbitals are varied such that the total energy becomes a minimum. While the approach generally behaves less satisfactorily with unrestricted Hartree–Fock references, reasonable performance is observed for restricted Hartree–Fock and restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock references. Inclusion of single excitations to OO-REMP is investigated and found—as in similar investigations—to be dissatisfying as it deteriorates performance. For the non-multireference subset of the accurate W4-11 benchmark set of Karton et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 510, 165–178 (2011)], OO-REMP predicts most atomization and reaction energies with chemical accuracy (1 kcal mol−1) if complete-basis-set extrapolation with augmented and core-polarized basis sets is used. For the W4-11 related test-sets, the error estimates obtained with the OO-REMP method approach those of coupled-cluster with singles, doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] within 20%–35%. The best performance of OO-REMP is found for a mixing ratio of 20%:80% MP:RE, which is essentially independent of whether radical stabilization energies, barrier heights, or reaction energies are investigated. Orbital optimization is shown to improve the REMP approach for both closed and open shell cases and outperforms coupled-cluster theory with singles and doubles (CCSD), spin-component scaled Møller-Plesset theory at second order (SCS-MP2), and density functionals, including double hybrids in all the cases considered.
Infrared frequency comb spectroscopy of CH2I2: Influence of hot bands and pressure broadening on the ν1 and ν6 fundamental transitions
Authors: Roberts Frances C. , Lehman Julia H. 
Published: February 2022

Direct frequency comb spectroscopy was utilized to measure the vibrational absorption spectrum of diiodomethane, CH2I2, from 2960 to 3125 cm−1. The data were obtained using a CH2I2 concentration of (6.8 ± 1.3) × 1015 molecule cm−3 and a total pressure of 10–300 mbar with either nitrogen or argon as the bath gas. The rovibrational spectra of two fundamental transitions, ν6 and ν1, were recorded and analyzed. We suggest that a significant contribution to the observed congested spectra is due to the population in excited vibrational states of the low energy ν4 I–C–I bend, resulting in transitions 6104nn and 1104nn, where the integer n is the initial vibrational level v = 1–5. PGOPHER was used to fit the experimental spectrum, allowing for rotational constants and other spectral information to be reported. In addition, it was found that the peak widths for the observed transitions were limited by pressure broadening, resulting in a pressure broadening parameter of (0.143 ± 0.006) cm−1 atm−1 by N2 and (0.116 ± 0.006) cm−1 atm−1 by Ar. Further implications for other dihaloalkane infrared spectra are discussed.
Spectroscopic characterization of the a3Π state of aluminum monofluoride
Authors: Walter N. , Doppelbauer M. , Marx S. , Seifert J. , Liu X. , Pérez-Ríos J. , Sartakov B. G. , Truppe S. , Meijer G. 
Published: February 2022

Spectroscopic studies of aluminum monofluoride (AlF) have revealed its highly favorable properties for direct laser cooling. All Q lines of the strong A1Π ← X1Σ+ transition around 227 nm are rotationally closed and thereby suitable for the main cooling cycle. The same holds for the narrow, spin-forbidden a3Π ← X1Σ+ transition around 367 nm, which has a recoil limit in the µK range. We here report on the spectroscopic characterization of the lowest rotational levels in the a3Π state of AlF for v = 0–8 using a jet-cooled, pulsed molecular beam. An accidental AC Stark shift is observed on the a3Π0, v = 4 ← X1Σ+, v = 4 band. By using time-delayed ionization for state-selective detection of the molecules in the metastable a3Π state at different points along the molecular beam, the radiative lifetime of the a3Π1, v = 0, J = 1 level is experimentally determined as τ = 1.89 ± 0.15 ms. A laser/radio frequency multiple resonance ionization scheme is employed to determine the hyperfine splittings in the a3Π1, v = 5 level. The experimentally derived hyperfine parameters are compared to the outcome of quantum chemistry calculations. A spectral line with a width of 1.27 kHz is recorded between hyperfine levels in the a3Π, v = 0 state. These measurements benchmark the electronic potential of the a3Π state and yield accurate values for the photon scattering rate and for the elements of the Franck–Condon matrix of the a3Π–X1Σ+ system.
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stewart Linde L. , Vodstrcil Lenka A. , Coombe Jacqueline , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Hocking Jane S. 
Published: February 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, is associated with considerable reproductive and gynaecological sequelae and increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmissible infections including HIV. Although we understand the burden of BV in women of reproductive age, much less is known about the burden of BV in postmenopausal women. We undertook this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of BV in postmenopausal women. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched for English-language papers reporting on the prevalence of BV in postmenopausal women and published up until the end of July 2020. Search terms included: (prevalence OR survey OR proportion) AND ‘bacterial vaginosis’. Meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of prevalence. We identified 2461 unique references and assessed 328 full-text articles for eligibility, with 13 studies included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of BV ranged from 2.0 to 57.1%, with a summary estimate of 16.93% (95% CI: 8.5–27.4; I2 = 97.9). There was considerable heterogeneity between studies and quality varied considerably. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the condition in postmenopausal women and understand its effect on their lives.
Redox signaling by glutathione peroxidase 2 links vascular modulation to metabolic plasticity of breast cancer
Authors: Ren Zuen , Liang Huizhi , Galbo Phillip M. , Dharmaratne Malindrie , Kulkarni Ameya S. , Fard Atefeh Taherian , Aoun Marie Louise , Martinez-Lopez Nuria , Suyama Kimita , Benard Outhiriaradjou , Zheng Wei , Liu Yang , Albanese Joseph , Zheng Deyou , Mar Jessica C. , Singh Rajat , Prystowsky Michael B. , Norton Larry , Hazan Rachel B. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Redox regulation of breast cancer underlies malignant progression. Loss of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 2 in breast cancer cells increases reactive oxygen species, thereby activating hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF1α) signaling. This in turn causes vascular malfunction, resulting in hypoxia and metabolic heterogeneity. HIF1α suppresses oxidative phosphorylation and stimulates glycolysis (the Warburg effect) in most of the tumor, except for one cancer subpopulation, which was capable of using both metabolic modalities. Hence, adopting a hybrid metabolic state may allow tumor cells to survive under aerobic or hypoxic conditions, a vulnerability that may be exploited for therapeutic targeting by either metabolic or redox-based strategies.
Widespread use of National Academies consensus reports by the American public
Authors: Hicks Diana , Zullo Matteo , Doshi Ameet , Asensio Omar I. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Advocates for open access argue that people need scientific information, although they lack evidence for this. Using Google’s recently developed deep learning natural language processing model, which offers unrivalled comprehension of subtle differences in meaning, 1.6 million people downloading National Academies reports were classified, not just into broad categories such as researchers and teachers but also precisely delineated small groups such as hospital chaplains, veterans, and science fiction authors. The results reveal adults motivated to seek out the most credible sources, engage with challenging material, use it to improve the services they provide, and learn more about the world they live in. The picture contrasts starkly with the dominant narrative of a misinformed and manipulated public targeted by social media.
Topographic map formation and the effects of NMDA receptor blockade in the developing visual system
Authors: Li Vanessa J. , Schohl Anne , Ruthazer Edward S. 
Published: February 2022

Significance

Studying the emergence of topographic organization in sensory maps has been constrained by spatial limitations of traditional anatomical and physiological techniques early in development in many animal models. Here, we have applied a high-resolution, noninvasive, in vivo calcium imaging approach to study the nascent retinotopic map in the larval
Xenopus laevis
retinotectal system. We performed longitudinal functional imaging of the three-dimensional organization of emerging retinotopic maps and assessed the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade on map formation. Our results provide insights into early retinotopic map emergence and the role of NMDA receptors in the refinement of topographic gradients.
Development of DG9 peptide-conjugated single- and multi-exon skipping therapies for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lim Kenji Rowel Q. , Woo Stanley , Melo Dyanna , Huang Yiqing , Dzierlega Kasia , Shah Md Nur Ahad , Aslesh Tejal , Roshmi Rohini Roy , Echigoya Yusuke , Maruyama Rika , Moulton Hong M. , Yokota Toshifumi 
Published: February 2022

Significance

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disorder of progressive body-wide muscle weakness, considered the most common muscular dystrophy worldwide. Most patients have out-of-frame deletions in the
DMD
gene, leading to dystrophin absence in muscle. There is no cure for DMD, but exon skipping is emerging as a potential therapy that uses antisense oligonucleotides to convert out-of-frame to in-frame mutations, enabling the production of truncated, partially functional dystrophin. Currently approved exon skipping therapies, however, have limited applicability and efficacy. Here, we developed a more economical approach to skip
DMD
exons 45 to 55 (a strategy that could treat nearly half of all DMD patients) and identified DG9 peptide conjugation as a powerful way to improve exon skipping efficiencies in vivo.
Multiple genetic paths including massive gene amplification allow
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
to overcome loss of ESX-3 secretion system substrates
Authors: Wang Lin , Asare Emmanuel , Shetty Amol C. , Sanchez-Tumbaco Freddy , Edwards Megan R. , Saranathan Rajagopalan , Weinrick Brian , Xu Jiayong , Chen Bing , Bénard Angèle , Dougan Gordon , Leung Daisy W. , Amarasinghe Gaya K. , Chan John , Basler Christopher F. , Jacobs William R. , Tufariello JoAnn M. 
Published: February 2022

Significance

The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) ESX-3 type VII secretion system plays a critical role in iron acquisition. Infection of mice with highly attenuated
Mtb
deletion mutants lacking
esxG
or
esxH
, genes encoding key ESX-3 substrates, unexpectedly yielded suppressor mutants with restored capacity to grow in vivo and in vitro in the absence of iron supplementation. Whole-genome sequencing identified two mechanisms of suppression, the disruption of a transcriptional repressor that regulates expression of an ESX-3 paralogous region encoding EsxR and EsxS, and a massive 38- to 60-fold gene amplification of this same region. These data are significant because they reveal a previously unrecognized iron acquisition regulon and inform mechanisms of
Mtb
chromosome evolution.
Host cytoskeletal vimentin serves as a structural organizer and an RNA-binding protein regulator to facilitate Zika viral replication
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhao Shuangshuang , Li Yian , Feng Fengping , Li Min , Xue Yanhong , Cui Jie , Xu Tao , Jin Xia , Jiu Yaming 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceWe discovered a dual role of vimentin underlying Zika virus (ZIKV) replication. The vimentin network reorganizes to surround the replication complex. Depletion of vimentin resulted in drastic segregation of viral proteins and subsequent defective infection, indicating its function as an “organizer” that ensures the concentration of all necessary factors for high replication efficacy. With omics analysis, we prove that vimentin also functions as a “regulator” that dominates RNA-binding proteins during infection. These two roles complement one another to make an integrated view of vimentin in regulating ZIKV infection. Collectively, our study fills the long-term gap in our knowledge of the cellular function of intermediate filaments in addition to structural support and provides a potential target for ZIKV therapy.
Growing impact of wildfire on western US water supply
Authors: Williams A. Park , Livneh Ben , McKinnon Karen A. , Hansen Winslow D. , Mankin Justin S. , Cook Benjamin I. , Smerdon Jason E. , Varuolo-Clarke Arianna M. , Bjarke Nels R. , Juang Caroline S. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
How will increasing wildfire activity affect water resources in the water-limited western United States (WUS)? Among basins where >20% of forest burned, postfire streamflow is significantly enhanced by an average of approximately 30% for 6 y. Over 2015 to 2020, several large WUS basins experienced >10% of forest burned. Climate projections and an exponential forest fire response to climate-induced drying suggest the next 3 decades will see repeated years when WUS forest fire area exceeds that of 2020, which set a modern record for forest area burned. If so, entire regions will likely experience more streamflow than expected, potentially enhancing human access to water but posing hazard management challenges. Projections of water supply and runoff-related hazards must account for wildfire.
Toward a glycyl radical enzyme containing synthetic bacterial microcompartment to produce pyruvate from formate and acetate
Authors: Kirst Henning , Ferlez Bryan H. , Lindner Steffen N. , Cotton Charles A. R. , Bar-Even Arren , Kerfeld Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The enormous complexity of metabolic pathways, in both their regulation and propensity for metabolite cross-talk, represents a major obstacle for metabolic engineering. Self-assembling, catalytically programmable and genetically transferable bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) offer solutions to decrease this complexity through compartmentalization of enzymes within a selectively permeable protein shell. Synthetic BMCs can operate as autonomous metabolic modules decoupled from the cell’s regulatory network, only interfacing with the cell’s metabolism via the highly engineerable proteinaceous shell. Here, we build a synthetic, modular, multienzyme BMC. It functions not only as a proof-of-concept for next-generation metabolic engineering, but also provides the foundation for subsequent tuning, with the goal to create a microanaerobic environment protecting an oxygen-sensitive reaction in aerobic growth conditions that could be deployed.