bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the creamatocrit of human milk before and after long-term freezing
Authors: Fujita Masako , Brindle Eleanor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The creamatocrit is a simple technique for estimating the lipid content of milk, widely adopted for clinical and research purposes. We evaluated the effect of long-term cryogenic storage on the creamatocrit for human milk.

Methods
Frozen and thawed milk specimens (n = 18) were subjected to the creamatocrit technique. The specimens were reanalyzed after long-term cryogenic storage (10 years at <70°C). The correlation between pre- and post-storage values was tested, and their differences were analyzed using the Bland–Altman plot.

Results
The pre- and post-storage values were highly correlated (r = 0.960, p < .0001). The Bland–Altman plot revealed a positive association between their differences and means (Pitman’s test r = 0.743, p < .001), suggesting the presence of nonconstant bias across the creamatocrit range. Long-term storage of human milk may introduce subtle bias to the creamatocrit in replicating pre-storage values. Further research should evaluate whether this bias is statistically correctable.
Sensitivity of isochrones to surface mass balance and dynamics
Authors: Theofilopoulos Alexios , Born Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interior of an ice sheet consists of layers of accumulated snow, which contain important information on accumulation and ice dynamics that are imprinted on layer shapes over time. This work describes how changes in accumulation influence the stratigraphy of an ice sheet. The thickness of each layer at present day depends both on accumulation and on the effect of dynamic thinning after its deposition. An isochronal numerical model is used to simulate the evolution of a 2-D, idealized ice sheet while explicitly representing the layers. A series of simulations was carried out to quantify the changes that anomalous accumulation at different locations and times has on the stratigraphy. These simulations form the basis of a linear response function. A second set of simulations with more sustained changes in accumulation is then used to describe large-scale and long-term impacts on the layering of the ice sheet as well as to test the quality of the linear approximation. The aim is to examine whether long-term effects can be extrapolated from small differential changes. The result confirms a certain degree of linearity between changes in accumulation and layer thickness that may be exploited for future inverse modeling applications.
First integrative study of the diversity and specificity of metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 from native and introduced fishes in the Caribbean
Authors: Díaz Pernett Sandra C. , Brant Sara V. , Locke Sean A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetacercariae of the genus Posthodiplostomum are often recorded in freshwater fish hosts. While the diversity and taxonomy of this genus are receiving increasing attention in molecular phylogenetic studies, available data remain geographically biased. Most molecular studies of Posthodiplostomum and morphologically similar (neascus) worms originate in North America and Europe and Asia (more than 60% of DNA sequences are from USA and Canada), with few data currently available from the Neotropics, where high host diversity suggests high and under-sampled parasite diversity. In this study, we report molecular and morphological data from metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum in fish in Puerto Rico, where only a single species has been previously reported. Partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 from metacercariae from Dajaus monticola (native to Puerto Rico) and the introduced fishes Poecilia reticulata, Parachromis managuensis, Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides revealed 7 genetically distinct species-level lineages, of which 4 were novel. We report novel molecular life-cycle linkages in Posthodiplostomum macrocotyle (metacercariae in muscle of the cichlid Pa. managuensis), a species previously known only from adults in birds from South America; and in Posthodiplostomum sp. 23 (metacercariae in poeciliids), which has recently been found in Ardea herodias in Georgia, USA. We also report the first molecular data from Posthodiplostomum sp. 8 in M. salmoides in the Caribbean. Metacercariae of most species were morphologically distinguished and all displayed narrow specificity for fish hosts, with no indication of parasite sharing among introduced and native fishes.
The primacy of property; or, the subordination of property rights
Authors: Wilson Bart J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA property right, the standard view maintains, is a proper subset of the most complete and comprehensive set of incidents for full ownership of a thing. The subsidiary assumption is that the pieces that are property rights compose the whole that is ownership or property, i.e., that property rights explain property. In reversing the standard view I argue that (1) a custom of intelligent and meaningful human action explains property and that (2) as a custom, property is a historical process of selecting actions conditional on the context. My task is to explain how a physical world of human bodies with minds that feel, think, know, and want gives rise to a custom of property with meaning and purpose. Property is primary because ideas are primary.
A High‐Resolution Tropical Mesoscale Convective System Reanalysis (TMeCSR)
Authors: Chan Man‐Yau , Chen Xingchao , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModern global reanalysis products have greatly accelerated meteorological research in synoptic‐to‐planetary‐scale phenomena. However, their use in studying tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and their regional‐to‐global impact has mostly been limited to supplying initial and boundary conditions for MCS‐resolving simulations and providing information about the large‐scale environments of MCSs. These limitations are due to difficulties in resolving tropical MCS dynamics in the relatively low‐resolution global models and that tropical MCSs often occur over poorly observed regions. In this work, a Tropical MCS‐resolving Reanalysis product (TMeCSR) was created over a region with frequent tropical MCSs. This region spans the tropical Indian Ocean, tropical continental Asia, Maritime Continent, and Western Pacific. TMeCSR is produced by assimilating all‐sky infrared radiances from geostationary satellites and other conventional observations into an MCS‐resolving regional model using the Ensemble Kalman Filter. The resulting observation‐constrained high‐resolution (9‐km grid spacing) data set is available hourly during the boreal summer (June‐August) of 2017, during which widespread severe flooding occurred. Comparisons of TMeCSR and European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) against independent satellite retrievals indicate that TMeCSR's cloud and multiscale rain fields are better than those of ERA5. Furthermore, TMeCSR better captured the diurnal variability of rainfall and the statistical characteristics of MCSs. Forecasts initialized from TMeCSR also have more accurate rain and clouds than those initialized from ERA5. The TMeCSR and ERA5 forecasts have similar performances with respect to sounding and surface observations. These results indicate that TMeCSR is a promising MCS‐resolving data set for tropical MCS studies.
A Calibration Method of Short‐Time Waveform Signals Passed Through Linear Time‐Invariant Systems: 1. Methodology and Simple Examples
Authors: Kitahara M. , Matsuda S. , Katoh Y. , Kojima H. , Kasahara Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Nakamura S. , Hikishima M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose an accurate calibration method for short‐time waveform signals passed through a linear time‐invariant (LTI) system that has a non‐negligible group delay. Typically, the calibration process of waveform data is expressed by the deconvolution in the time domain, and there is an equivalent operation in the frequency domain with the Fourier transform. For the short‐time data, if the short‐time Fourier transform is applied to the waveform data in the calibration process, multiplying the data by a window function is highly recommended to reduce side‐lobe effects. However, the multiplied window function is also modified in the calibration process. We analyzed the modification mathematically and derived a method to eliminate the modification of the multiplied window function. In the method, calibrated data in the frequency domain are inverse‐transformed into waveform data at each frequency, divided by a modified window function at each frequency, and accumulated over the frequencies. The principle of this method derived quantitatively indicates that the calibration accuracy depends on the transfer function of the system, frequency resolution of the Fourier transform, type of the window function, and typical frequency of the waveform data. Compared with conventional calibration methods, the proposed method provides more accurate results in various cases. This method should be useful for the calibration of general radio wave signals passed through LTI systems as well as for the calibration of plasma waves observed in space.
Apoptotic caspase inhibits innate immune signaling by cleaving NF-κBs in both Mammals and Flies
Authors: Wu Di , Wang Zhaowei , Zhang Jing , Robinson Adam G. , Lyu Bao , Chen Ziyu , Wang Chong , Wei Bin , Xia Xiaojun , Zhang Qing , Zhou Xi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHost organisms use different innate immune mechanisms to defend against pathogenic infections, while tight control of innate immunity is essential for proper immune induction and balance. Here, we reported that apoptotic induction or caspase-3 overexpression caused dramatic reduction of differently triggered cytokine signalings in human cells, murine primary cells and mouse model, while the loss of caspase-3 or inhibiting apoptosis markedly enhances these immune signalings. Furthermore, caspase-3 can mediate the cleavage of NF-κB members p65/RelA, RelB, and c-Rel via its protease activity. And the caspase-3-resistant p65/RelA, RelB, or c-Rel mutant mostly restored the caspase-3-induced suppression of cytokine production. Interestingly, we further uncovered that apoptotic induction also dramatically inhibited Toll immune signaling in Drosophila, and the Drosophila effector caspases, drICE and DCP-1, also mediated the degradation of DIF, the NF-κB of Toll signaling. Together, our findings demonstrate apoptotic effector caspases, including mammalian caspase-3 and fly drICE/DCP-1, can function as repressors of NF-κB-mediated innate immune signalings.
Glycosylation defects, offset by PEPCK-M, drive entosis in breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Hyroššová Petra , Aragó Marc , Muñoz-Pinedo Cristina , Viñals Francesc , García-Rovés Pablo M. , Escolano Carmen , Méndez-Lucas Andrés , Perales Jose C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOn glucose restriction, epithelial cells can undergo entosis, a cell-in-cell cannibalistic process, to allow considerable withstanding to this metabolic stress. Thus, we hypothesized that reduced protein glycosylation might participate in the activation of this cell survival pathway. Glucose deprivation promoted entosis in an MCF7 breast carcinoma model, as evaluated by direct inspection under the microscope, or revealed by a shift to apoptosis + necrosis in cells undergoing entosis treated with a Rho-GTPase kinase inhibitor (ROCKi). In this context, curbing protein glycosylation defects with N-acetyl-glucosamine partially rescued entosis, whereas limiting glycosylation in the presence of glucose with tunicamycin or NGI-1, but not with other unrelated ER-stress inducers such as thapsigargin or amino-acid limitation, stimulated entosis. Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M; PCK2) is upregulated by glucose deprivation, thereby enhancing cell survival. Therefore, we presumed that PEPCK-M could play a role in this process by offsetting key metabolites into glycosyl moieties using alternative substrates. PEPCK-M inhibition using iPEPCK-2 promoted entosis in the absence of glucose, whereas its overexpression inhibited entosis. PEPCK-M inhibition had a direct role on total protein glycosylation as determined by Concanavalin A binding, and the specific ratio of fully glycosylated LAMP1 or E-cadherin. The content of metabolites, and the fluxes from 13C-glutamine label into glycolytic intermediates up to glucose-6-phosphate, and ribose- and ribulose-5-phosphate, was dependent on PEPCK-M content as measured by GC/MS. All in all, we demonstrate for the first time that protein glycosylation defects precede and initiate the entosis process and implicates PEPCK-M in this survival program to dampen the consequences of glucose deprivation. These results have broad implications to our understanding of tumor metabolism and treatment strategies.
Structural analysis of Red1 as a conserved scaffold of the RNA-targeting MTREC/PAXT complex
Authors: Foucher Anne-Emmanuelle , Touat-Todeschini Leila , Juarez-Martinez Ariadna B. , Rakitch Auriane , Laroussi Hamida , Karczewski Claire , Acajjaoui Samira , Soler-López Montserrat , Cusack Stephen , Mackereth Cameron D. , Verdel André , Kadlec Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo eliminate specific or aberrant transcripts, eukaryotes use nuclear RNA-targeting complexes that deliver them to the exosome for degradation. S. pombe MTREC, and its human counterpart PAXT, are key players in this mechanism but inner workings of these complexes are not understood in sufficient detail. Here, we present an NMR structure of an MTREC scaffold protein Red1 helix-turn-helix domain bound to the Iss10 N-terminus and show this interaction is required for proper cellular growth and meiotic mRNA degradation. We also report a crystal structure of a Red1-Ars2 complex explaining mutually exclusive interactions of hARS2 with various ED/EGEI/L motif-possessing RNA regulators, including hZFC3H1 of PAXT, hFLASH or hNCBP3. Finally, we show that both Red1 and hZFC3H1 homo-dimerize via their coiled-coil regions indicating that MTREC and PAXT likely function as dimers. Our results, combining structures of three Red1 interfaces with in vivo studies, provide mechanistic insights into conserved features of MTREC/PAXT architecture.
Automatic registration of urban high-resolution remote sensing images based on characteristic spatial objects
Authors: Chen Jun , Yu Zhengyang , Yang Cunjian , Yang Kangquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutomatic registration of high-resolution remote sensing images (HRRSIs) has always been a severe challenge due to the local deformation caused by different shooting angles and illumination conditions. A new method of characteristic spatial objects (CSOs) extraction and matching is proposed to deal with this difficulty. Firstly, the Mask R-CNN model is utilized to extract the CSOs and their positioning points on the images automatically. Then, an encoding method is provided to encode each object with its nearest adjacent 28 objects according to the object category, relative distance, and relative direction. Furthermore, a code matching algorithm is applied to search the most similar object pairs. Finally, the object pairs need to be filtered by position matching to construct the final control points for automatic image registration. The experimental results demonstrate that the registration success rate of the proposed method reaches 88.6% within a maximum average error of 15 pixels, which is 28.6% higher than that of conventional optimization method based on local feature points. It is reasonable to believe that it has made a beneficial contribution to the automatic registration of HRRSIs more accurately and efficiently.
Characterization of antigens of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) eggs
Authors: De Kostha Y. B. N. Sanduni , Pathirana Sisira L. , Handunnetti Shiroma M. , Gunawardena Sharmini 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnterobiasis (pinworm infection) caused by Enterobius vermicularis is a common parasitic infection prevalent worldwide especially in children. Infection is diagnosed by microscopic detection of E. vermicularis eggs on perianal swabs. This study aimed to characterize the antigens of E. vermicularis eggs as a preliminary step towards identifying diagnostic targets for detection in infected individuals. The study was conducted between October 2019 and February 2020, following approval from Ethics Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo (EC-19-034). E. vermicularis eggs were harvested from perianal swabs using acetone and purified with 1× PBS (pH 7.2). A portion of eggs was used for preparing antigen slides, while the rest were sonicated and vortexed with glass beads and inoculated subcutaneously (with weekly booster doses) into a Wistar rat for developing antibodies. Blood drawing from rat was done weekly for 5 weeks. Confirmation of the presence of antibodies was done by surface immunofluorescence against eggs on the antigen slides. Protein bands were determined using SDS-PAGE assay and immunogenic antigen bands were determined by reacting with antiserum after immunoblotting. The band sizes of the proteins were determined against corresponding bands of a protein ladder. Surface immunofluorescence was positive with serum obtained from day 14 post-inoculation from the Wistar rat as well as that obtained from a person with chronic enterobiasis. The most prominent and immunogenic protein bands identified from egg antigens were 21 kDa, 66 kDa, 83 kDa, 96 kDa, 112 kDa, 121 kDa, 140 kDa and 151 kDa. Methods used in this study were effective in obtaining E. vermicularis egg antigens which were immunogenic. Furthermore, surface antigens of intact eggs reacted with antibodies developed against crushed egg antigens. These findings may pave the way for the development of effective immunodiagnostics.
Rapidly predicting Kohn–Sham total energy using data-centric AI
Authors: Kurban Hasan , Kurban Mustafa , Dalkilic Mehmet M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredicting material properties by solving the Kohn-Sham (KS) equation, which is the basis of modern computational approaches to electronic structures, has provided significant improvements in materials sciences. Despite its contributions, both DFT and DFTB calculations are limited by the number of electrons and atoms that translate into increasingly longer run-times. In this work we introduce a novel, data-centric machine learning framework that is used to rapidly and accurately predicate the KS total energy of anatase$${\mathrm{TiO}}_2$$TiO2nanoparticles (NPs) at different temperatures using only a small amount of theoretical data. The proposed framework that we call co-modeling eliminates the need for experimental data and is general enough to be used over any NPs to determine electronic structure and, consequently, more efficiently study physical and chemical properties. We include a web service to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
3-D stacked polycrystalline-silicon-MOSFET-based capacitorless DRAM with superior immunity to grain-boundary’s influence
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Park Jin , Min So Ra , Kim Geon Uk , Jang Jaewon , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Lee Sin-Hyung , Kang In Man 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a capacitorless one-transistor dynamic random access memory (1 T-DRAM) based on a polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with the asymmetric dual-gate (ADG) structure is designed and analyzed through a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. A poly-Si thin film was used within the device due to its low fabrication cost and feasibility in high-density three-dimensional (3-D) memory arrays. We studied the transfer characteristics and memory performances of the single-layer ADG 1 T-DRAMs and the 3-D stacked ADG 1 T-DRAMs and analyze the reliability depending on the location and the number of grain-boundaries (GBs). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the threshold voltages (Vth) is depending on the location and the number of GBs. The RSDs of the single-layer ADG 1 T-DRAM and the 3-D stacked ADG 1 T-DRAM are 1.58% and 0.68%, respectively. The RSDs of retention time representing the memory performances are 54.7% and 41%, respectively. As a result of the 3-D stacked structure, the averaging effect occurs, which greatly aids in improving the reliability of the memory performances as well as the transfer characteristics of 1 T-DRAMs depending on the influence of GBs. The proposed 3-D stacked ADG 1 T-DRAM helps implement a high-reliability single-cell memory device.
Study on generation, migration and accumulation of CO in the mining goaf of shallow-buried close distance coal seam group
Authors: Li Jianwei , Li Xintian , Chen Shijiang , Cao Jian , Gao Fei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is complex air leakage in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group, which affects the generation and migration of CO in the goaf, and easily leads to exceeding safety limits of CO in the return corner of the working face, which threatens the safety of underground production. To examine this problem, taking Lijiahao Coal Mine as an example, this study analyses the generation law of CO gas, the distribution law of overburden fractures, the characteristics of air leakage in the goaf, the sources of CO in the return corner, and the migration and accumulation law of CO in the goaf under multi-source air leakage in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group through experiment tests, numerical simulations, observations and theoretical analyses. The results indicated that there is an exponential growth relationship between the CO generation rate and the coal temperature, and the critical temperature for rapid oxidation of coal samples is between 70 and 80 °C. The 31,115 working face has complicated air leakage from the working face and ground surface and the goaf of this coal seam. The surface air converges to the return corner through the mining fissure of overburden and 2–2 coal goaf, and the air leakage of the working face flows out from the return roadway through the goaf. The gas leakage in the overlying goaf and the oxidation of residual coal are the main sources of CO in the return corner. The CO generated during the coal mining process and the CO generated by the trackless rubber-tired vehicle operation will increase the CO concentration in the return corner to varying degrees. Under the effect of multi-source air leakage, CO from the overlying goaf and the residual coal in the goaf of this coal seam are migrated to the air return side of the goaf, resulting in the accumulation of CO in the return corner, and both of them have a linear positive correlation with the CO concentration in the return corner. The results of the study have scientific guidance for the control of air leakage and the prevention of CO excess in the goaf.