bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konsensus i jego brak w Radzie Europejskiej – analiza przypadku reelekcji Donalda Tuska w 2017 r. z perspektywy zwrotu praktycznego
Authors: Ławniczak Kamil 
Published: January 2022

Zarówno Rada, jak i Rada Europejska działają zgodnie z „kulturą konsensusu”, co oznacza, że nawet jeśli formalnie mogą decydować o niektórych sprawach większością kwalifikowaną, w praktyce rzadko to robią. Jest to szczególnie prawdziwe w przypadku Rady Europejskiej i dlatego dla wielu obserwatorów było zaskoczeniem, gdy 9 marca 2017 roku Donald Tusk został wybrany na drugą kadencję jako przewodniczący Rady Europejskiej, pomimo przeciwnego głosu jednego państwa członkowskiego (Polski). Wydarzenie to oznaczało, że Rada Europejska po raz pierwszy skorzystała z możliwości wyboru swojego przewodniczącego większością kwalifikowaną, a nie jednogłośnie.
W niniejszym artykule argumentuję, że stosowanie w takich sytuacjach formalnych przepisów pozwalających na głosowanie większością kwalifikowaną nie tylko nie podważa kultury konsensusu, ale wręcz jest niezbędne do jej utrzymania. Argument ten jest osadzony we wkładzie zwrotu praktycznego do badań politologicznych. Ten nurt umieszcza praktyki społeczne w centrum zainteresowania i podkreśla fakt, że mogą być one wykonywane mniej lub bardziej kompetentnie. Dlatego też, jeśli państwo członkowskie wykonuje „praktykę konsensusu” niepoprawnie, nie może oczekiwać, że normy, które tworzą kulturę konsensusu, pomogą mu narzucić swoje stanowisko innym państwom członkowskim. Ponieważ sposób funkcjonowania Rady Europejskiej jest trudno dostępny bezpośrednio, artykuł rozwija swoją argumentację, czerpiąc z dorobku badań nad procesem podejmowania decyzji w Radzie (w tym badań prowadzonych przez autora). Następnie przeprowadzona zostaje analiza dostępnych źródeł odnoszących się do wydarzeń z 2017 r., związanych z reelekcją Donalda Tuska.
Unia Europejska wspólnotą wartości. Spojrzenie z perspektywy języka protestu oraz nowych środków wyrazu w Polsce
Authors: Molenda Krzysztof , Nowiak Wojciech 
Published: January 2022

Artykuł odwołuje się w swojej analizie do postrzegania wartości Unii Europejskiej z perspektywy człowieka jako dobra najwyższego w kontekście zmian medialnych oraz protestów kobiet w Polsce pod koniec 2020 roku oraz społecznej aktywności demonstrującej przywiązanie Polaków do UE. Na początku trzeciej dekady XXI wieku istotnymi wartościami, podkreślanymi w przestrzeni publicznej są: dobro jednostek, wolność wypowiadania swoich poglądów, równość polityczna, społeczna oraz ekonomiczna dotycząca wszystkich, niezależnie od rasy, płci, orientacji seksualnej, kultury, religii, sympatii politycznych. Są one podstawą funkcjonowania wspólnoty ludzkiej w tym UE. Przestrzenią do obrony tych wartości, stały się nowe media w tym niezwykle istotne media społecznościowe.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest praktyczna analiza, styku wartości o tradycyjnym, humanistycznym znaczeniu takich, jak kultura słowa oraz debaty publicznej z walką o wolność manifestowania swoich poglądów oraz obrony wartości przy użyciu nowych mediów. Co wbrew pozorom nie jest sprzeczne. Język protestu młodego pokolenia, nie jest poprawny, sięga do wulgaryzmów, ponieważ bardzo często jest to nie tylko zmiana pokoleniowa, lecz odpowiedź na język polityki i polityków. Polem do analizy jest spór polityczno-ideologiczny wywołany na polskiej scenie politycznej. Analiza na gruncie badań politologicznych oraz nauki o mediach, oparta została na badaniu źródeł zarówno literatury naukowej, jak i Internetu oraz mediów społecznościowych. Studium przypadku są wydarzenia związane z protestem kobiet w Polsce oraz innymi wystąpieniami przeciwko polityce rządu. Charakter mediów społecznościowych powoduje, iż nie funkcjonuje w nich cenzura, jakakolwiek kontrola form wyrazu oraz treści. Jest to praktyczna realizacja wolności i prawa do wyrażania swoich poglądów oraz protestu. Taka forma wolności prowadzi do wulgaryzacji życia publicznego. Niejednokrotnie wulgaryzacja, słowna, gesty, symbole i ich użycie mają swoje źródła w obserwacji życia politycznego. Zdaniem autorów, ta forma wyrażania myśli, w tym również służąca obronie podstawowych społecznych wartości wymaga przedefiniowania i zrozumienia kontekstów kulturowych.
Konzeptionierung, Implementierung und Simulation einer neuen Regelung zur Optimierung eines chemischen Prozesses
Authors: Bodenburg Sven , Urner Frank , Scheich André , Stöcker Christian 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag behandelt die Entwicklung, parametrische Auslegung und Simulation einer neuen Basisregelung für einen chemischen Prozess, der zuvor teilweise manuell gefahren wurde. Die besonderen Herausforderungen bei der Lösung dieser Automatisierungsaufgabe sind eine variable Totzeit für den Zustrom eines Eduktes, eine diskrete Gasanalyse mit einer Abtastzeit von 40 Minuten und hohe Anforderungen an eine ruhige Fahrweise trotz teilweise unbekannter Störungen. Es wird an diesem Beispiel gezeigt, dass praktische Probleme dieser Art, trotz spezieller Randbedingungen, durch standardisierte Regelungsansätze, wie PI-Kaskadenregelung, Verhältnisregelungen und Störgrößenaufschaltungen gelöst werden können.
A modular framework for optimal scheduling of industrial processes
Authors: Schild Axel , Rose Alexander , Grotjahn Martin , Luck Bennet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes an extended Petri net formalism as a suitable language for composing optimal scheduling problems of industrial production processes with real and binary decision variables. The proposed approach is modular and scalable, as the overall process dynamics and constraints can be collected by parsing of all atomic elements of the net graph. To conclude, we demonstrate the use of this framework for modeling the moulding sand preparation process of a real foundry plant.
Implicit multilinear modeling
Authors: Lichtenberg Gerwald , Pangalos Georg , Cateriano Yáñez Carlos , Luxa Aline , Jöres Niklas , Schnelle Leona , Kaufmann Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper introduces a subclass of nonlinear differential-algebraic models of interest for applications. By restricting the nonlinearities to multilinear polynomials, it is possible to use modern tensor methods. This opens the door to new approximation and complexity reduction methods for large scale systems with relevant nonlinear behavior. The modeling procedures including composition, decomposition, normalization, and multilinearization steps are shown by an example of a local energy system with a nonlinear electrolyzer, a linear buck converter and a PI controller with saturation.
Control education in the software age
Authors: Richter Jan H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
According to a commonplace saying, software is eating the world. Is software also eating control engineering? Software is currently transforming many industries including but not limited to automotive aiming at automated mobility services, agriculture moving to Agriculture 4.0, and factory automation with Industry 4.0. Software is simultaneously a flexible and universal functions enabler, and a driver of engineering complexity. At times, it seems that control engineers and software engineers are not understanding each other well enough. This article discusses two key engineering domains adjacent to control, systems and software engineering, covering engineering practice, design data exchange, and education. Finally, it suggests an extension to academic control curricula help to make control graduates even better team players.
Effect of Vaccination to COVID-19 Disease Progression and Herd Immunity
Authors: Caga-anan Randy L. , Raza Michelle N. , Labrador Grace Shelda G. , Metillo Ephrime B. , Castillo Pierre del , Mammeri Youcef 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A mathematical model of COVID-19 with a delay-term for the vaccinated compartment is developed. It has parameters accounting for vaccine-induced immunity delay, vaccine effectiveness, vaccination rate, and vaccine-induced immunity duration. The model parameters before vaccination are calibrated with the Philippines’ confirmed cases. Simulations show that vaccination has a significant effect in reducing future infections, with the vaccination rate being the dominant determining factor of the level of reduction. Moreover, depending on the vaccination rate and the vaccine-induced immunity duration, the system could reach a disease-free state but could not attain herd immunity. Simulations are also done to compare the effects of the various available vaccines. Results show that Pfizer-BioNTech has the most promising effect while Sinovac has the worst result relative to the others.
To evaluate the role of placental human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective case control study
Authors: Hooda Reetu , Baghla Neeru , Malik Nisha , Kaushik Samander 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
i) To compare the placental human papilloma virus (HPV) deoxynucleic acid (DNA) status of preterm deliveries with full term deliveries and to identify high risk (HR) genotypes (HPV 16 and 18); and ii) To compare the perinatal outcomes of HPV positive with HPV negative pregnant women.

Methods
A case control study was carried out on 100 antenatal women with singleton live pregnancies admitted in labor ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital from April 2017 to March 2018. The two study groups were i) spontaneous preterm deliveries between 24 and 36 + 6 weeks (n=50) and ii) full term deliveries ≥37 weeks (n=50). The placental tissue was analysed for HPV DNA and HR HPV genotypes were detected by type specific primers. A comparative analysis of perinatal outcomes between HPV positive and negative women was done.

Results
An overall placental tissue HPV prevalence of 12% (12/100) was observed in study cohort which was not significantly different between preterm and full term deliveries (16 vs. 8%, p=0.218). HPV 16 was significantly associated with preterm births (p=0.04). Both HPV affected and non-affected women were comparable in terms of mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes. However, a statistically significant association of preterm neonatal intensive care admissions with HR HPV 16 genotype was observed (p=0.04).

Conclusions
Spontaneous preterm births can be attributed to placental HPV infection, specifically HR HPV 16 genotype. This association identifies a potentially preventable cause of prematurity and its associated complications, in wake of availability of an effective vaccine.
Children’s exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs): a review on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and associated health effects
Authors: Hisamuddin Nur Hazirah , Jalaludin Juliana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article reviewed the published studies on the environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among children and assessed the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs. The current knowledge of the potential health effects of increased 1-OHP in children was reviewed. Additionally, the influence of genetic polymorphism on the urinary 1-OHP level was discussed in this review. The assembled data showed that children who are attending schools or living close to industrial and polluted urban areas might have greater exposure to higher concentrations of PAHs with a higher level of urinary 1-OHP when compared to those children living in rural areas. Urinary 1-OHP may be a reliable biomarker for determining the genotoxic effects, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by exposure to PAHs. Strong research evidence indicated that the total body burden of PAHs should be evaluated by biomonitoring of 1-OHP in line with other urinary PAHs metabolites (with 2–3 rings) to evaluate recent total exposure to PAHs. Overall, the study suggests implementing a mitigation plan to combat air pollution to provide a cleaner environment for children.
Improvement of Cloud Computing Medical Data Protection Technology Based on Symmetric Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Nannan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The traditional data-protection method has the advantages of a long average secrecy time and low encryption efficiency in healthcare. This paper proposes an improved method of cloud-computing data-protection technology based on a symmetric encryption algorithm. According to the characteristics of cloud computing, a trusted communication channel for virtual machine monitoring is established on users and servers. The cloud-computing data-protection technology with four functional modules of “multi-copy protection,” “file access,” “integrity verification,” and “accountability” is deployed in the channel by using the improved symmetrical encryption differential-algebraic equations algorithm combined with the symmetrical encryption algorithms data encryption standard and advanced encryption standard to do the following: bind the identity of cloud-service providers; realize mixed encryption of plaintext segmentation; and add random interference information. These clusters are built on Hadoop to simulate the cloud-computing environment. The experimental results show that the average encryption and decryption times of this method are the best under different data amounts. At the same time, the encryption efficiency and throughput are over 95 %. The protection effect of this method on cloud-computing data is verified.
Measuring Stimulus-Evoked Neurophysiological Differentiation in Distinct Populations of Neurons in Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Mayner William G. P. , Marshall William , Billeh Yazan N. , Gandhi Saurabh R. , Caldejon Shiella , Cho Andrew , Griffin Fiona , Hancock Nicole , Lambert Sophie , Lee Eric K. , Luviano Jennifer A. , Mace Kyla , Nayan Chelsea , Nguyen Thuyanh V. , North Kat , Seid Sam , Williford Ali , Cirelli Chiara , Groblewski Peter A. , Lecoq Jerome , Tononi Giulio , Koch Christof , Arkhipov Anton 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite significant progress in understanding neural coding, it remains unclear how the coordinated activity of large populations of neurons relates to what an observer actually perceives. Since neurophysiological differences must underlie differences among percepts,differentiation analysis—quantifying distinct patterns of neurophysiological activity—has been proposed as an “inside-out” approach that addresses this question. This methodology contrasts with “outside-in” approaches such as feature tuning and decoding analyses, which are defined in terms of extrinsic experimental variables. Here, we used two-photon calcium imaging in mice of both sexes to systematically survey stimulus-evoked neurophysiological differentiation (ND) in excitatory neuronal populations in layers (L)2/3, L4, and L5 across five visual cortical areas (primary, lateromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and anteromedial) in response to naturalistic and phase-scrambled movie stimuli. We find that unscrambled stimuli evoke greater ND than scrambled stimuli specifically in L2/3 of the anterolateral and anteromedial areas, and that this effect is modulated by arousal state and locomotion. By contrast, decoding performance was far above chance and did not vary substantially across areas and layers. Differentiation also differed within the unscrambled stimulus set, suggesting that differentiation analysis may be used to probe the ethological relevance of individual stimuli.
Sleep-Dependent Facilitation of Visual Perceptual Learning Is Consistent with a Learning-Dependent Model
Authors: Tamaki Masako , Sasaki Yuka 
Published: January 2022

How sleep leads to offline performance gains in learning remains controversial. A use-dependent model assumes that sleep processing leading to performance gains occurs based on general cortical usage during wakefulness, whereas a learning-dependent model assumes that this processing is specific to learning. Here, we found evidence that supports a learning-dependent model in visual perceptual learning (VPL) in humans (both sexes). First, we measured the strength of spontaneous oscillations during sleep after two training conditions that required the same amount of training or visual cortical usage; one generated VPL (learning condition), while the other did not (interference condition). During a post-training nap, slow-wave activity (SWA) and sigma activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and theta activity during REM sleep were source localized to the early visual areas using retinotopic mapping. Inconsistent with a use-dependent model, only in the learning condition, sigma and theta activity, not SWA, increased in a trained region-specific manner and correlated with performance gains. Second, we investigated the roles of occipital sigma and theta activity during sleep. Occipital sigma activity during NREM sleep was significantly correlated with performance gains in presleep learning; however, occipital theta activity during REM sleep was correlated with presleep learning stabilization, shown as resilience to interference from postsleep learning in a trained region-specific manner. Occipital SWA was not associated with offline performance gains or stabilization. These results demonstrate that sleep processing leading to performance gains is learning dependent in VPL and involves occipital sigma and theta activity during sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present study shows strong evidence that could help resolve the long-standing controversy surrounding sleep processing that strengthens learning (performance gains). There are two conflicting models. A use-dependent model assumes that sleep processing leading to performance gains occurs because of general cortical usage during wakefulness, whereas a learning-dependent model assumes that processing occurs specifically for learning. Using visual perceptual learning and interference paradigms, we found that processing did not take place after general cortical usage. Moreover, sigma activity during non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and theta activity during REM sleep in occipital areas were found to be involved in processing, which is consistent with the learning-dependent model and not the use-dependent model. These results support the learning-dependent model.
Prótesis de mano controlada con señales EEG
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez Andrés M. , Sánchez-Machet Hernán 
Published: January 2022

En este trabajo, se describe cómo las ondas cerebrales producidas en el lóbulo lateral izquierdo del cerebro humano y detectadas con un auricular NeuroSky MindFlex fueron usadas para controlar voluntariamente una prótesis de mano.
En primera instancia, las señales EEG (electroencefalográficas) son detectadas por una BCI (Interfaz de control cerebral) y tras ser analizado con la ayuda de un microcontrolador ARDUINO su espectro de frecuencias es dividido en rangos Alfa, Beta, Theta y Gamma. Como resultado del análisis EEG, se encuentra que el parpadeo voluntario afecta principalmente los valores de potencia relacionados con la banda alfa , tal que finalmente se utiliza esta banda de frecuencias para dirigir en forma voluntaria y controlada los movimientos de abducción y aducción de los dedos de la prótesis.
Menopause and its management: A review
Authors: Molvarec A. , Czegle I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Menopausal transition (premenopause) is the phase in the ageing process of women representing the transition from the reproductive stage of life to the non-reproductive stage. With improvements in average life expectancy, women live an increased proportion of their lives in the postmenopause. The consequences of oestrogen loss are the early symptoms (psychological and vasomotor), the genitourinary syndrome (intermediate), as well as postmenopausal osteoporosis with increased risk of fractures and cardiovascular diseases (late). The diagnosis of climacteric syndrome is based on typical clinical symptoms. Perimenopausal women should understand physiological changes occurring in menopausal transition. They should be encouraged to live a healthy lifestyle. Menopausal hormone therapy is indicated for relief of the acute symptoms of menopause and for treatment of urogenital atrophy. It should be administered in the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time. The treatment should be initiated before the age of 60 years or within 10 years after menopause in order to decrease its risks. The benefit/risk profile needs to be individually re-assessed every year.
Characteristics of the ageing skin, xerosis cutis and its complications
Authors: Görög A. , Bánvölgyi A. , Holló P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
People in the developed countries are living longer. Geriatric dermatology is playing an increasingly important role as chances of developing skin-related problems increase with their ageing. Skin ageing is induced by two main processes: intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic ageing is caused by environmental factors such as sun exposure, smoking, alcohol consumption, air pollution, and poor nutrition. Intrinsic ageing reflects the genetic background and depends on time. The aged skin is characterised by the appearance of dryness, atrophy, wrinkles, pigmented lesions, patchy hypopigmentation, and elastosis. This article provides an overview of skin ageing processes and common conditions found in the elderly persons such as xerosis, pruritus, and eczema.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS ON NETIZENS’ COMMENTS IN JOE BIDEN’S INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT
Authors: Indriyana Mega Bunga , Nurulaen Yuyun , Ardiansyah Erlan Aditya 
Published: January 2022

United States presidential election 2020 is the most awaited event for the citizens of the United States. People usually want to get to know how good the presidential candidates are by searching for information about the presidential candidates. Checking the presidential candidates’ social media is one way to find outtheirprofiles.Joe Biden as one of the presidential candidates uses the growing popularity of Instagram to gain public attention by posting some of his responses to current issues and promoting himself as the next President of the United States. It made Joe Biden’s Instagram account is filled with netizens’ comments. This research aims to identify the expressive speech acts that appear in Joe Biden's comments published on September 13, 2020, to January 20, 2021, and to describe the reasons for their use of these expressive speech acts. The instrument of this research is a document. The data were collected by browsing the comments on Joe Biden’s Instagram post, then the data were selected, and identified the expressive speech acts used by netizens, then the research showed the findings of the research by presenting data and analysis. There are 26 data contained an expressive speech act, in which 10 data as expressive of thanking, 3data as expressive of congratulating, 5 data as expressive of wishing, 8 data as expressive of attitude. The expressive speech act of thanking is the most dominant type of expressive speech act found on the netizens’ comments of Joe Biden Instagram post. In conclusion, netizens’ comments contained the expressive speech act of thanking since netizens appreciated the good things that Joe Biden had planned when he ran for President of the United States. Joe Biden frequently posts his thoughts on various issues and promises a good solution in the future. Netizens expressed their gratitude for Joe Biden because they felt they had found a leader who cared about society.