Temporal trends in COVID-19 outcomes in people with rheumatic diseases in Ireland: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry
Authors: Conway Richard , Nikiphorou Elena , Demetriou Christiana A , Low Candice , Leamy Kelly , Ryan John G , Kavanagh Ronan , Fraser Alexander D , Carey John J , O’Connell Paul , Flood Rachael M , Mullan Ronan H , Kane David J , Ambrose Nicola , Stafford Frances , Robinson Philip C , Liew Jean W , Grainger Rebecca , McCarthy Geraldine M ,   the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, Dahou Brahim , Quintana Rosana , Gómez Gimena , Roberts Karen , Baez Roberto Miguel , Coello Vanessa Castro , Salinas María J Haye , Maldonado Federico Nicolas , Torres Alvaro Andres Reyes , Alle Gelsomina , Tanten Romina , Ficco Hernán Maldonado , Nieto Romina , Gobbi Carla , Tissera Yohana , Pisoni Cecilia , Paula Alba , Albiero Juan Alejandro , Schmid Maria Marcela , Cosatti Micaela , Gamba Maria Julieta , Leandro Carlevaris , Cusa María Alejandra , German Noelia , Bellomio Veronica , Takashima Lorena , Pera Mariana , Cogo Karina , Elkin Maria Soledad Gálvez , Medina María Alejandra , Savio Veronica , Tessel Ivana Romina Rojas , Alamino Rodolfo Perez , Werner Marina Laura , Ornella Sofía , Casalla Luciana , Vega Maria de la , Severina María , García Mercedes , Lucero Luciana Gonzalez , Romeo Cecilia , Moyano Sebastián , Barbich Tatiana , Bertoli Ana , Baños Andrea , Petruzzelli Sandra , Matellan Carla , Conti Silvana , Lazaro Ma Alicia , Gil Gustavo Fabián Rodriguez , Risueño Fabian , Quaglia Maria Isabel , Scafati Julia , Cuchiaro Natalia Lili , Rebak Jonathan Eliseo , Pineda Susana Isabel , Calvo María Elena , Picco Eugenia , Yanzi Josefina Gallino , Maid Pablo , Guaglianone Debora , Morbiducci Julieta Silvana , Porta Sabrina , Herscovich Natalia , Zamora José Luis Velasco , Kisluk Boris , Menescardi Maria Sol Castaños , Gallo Rosana , Martire María Victoria , Maldini Carla , Goizueta Cecilia , de la Vega Fernandez Sabrina Solange , Aeschlimann Carolina , Subils Gisela , Rath Eva , Piette Yves , Devinck Mieke , Maeyaert Bea , Ribeiro Francinne Machado , Ribeiro Sandra Lucia Euzebio , Pinheiro Marcelo , Ibáñez Sebastián , Chassin-Trubert Anne-Marie , Dong Lingli , Cajas Lui , Bareic Marko , Anic Branimir , Culo Melanie-Ivana , Pavelic Tea Ahel , Stranski Kristina Kovacevic , Karanovic Boris , Vencovsky Jiri , Píchová Marta , Filkova Maria , Hamoud Hesham , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Melgar Gabriela Maria Guzman , So Ho , Király Márta , Vojdanian Mahdi , Balbir-Gurman Alexandra , Abutiban Fatemah , Zepa Julija , Bulina Inita , Bukauskiene Loreta , Zazueta-Montiel Beatriz Elena , Castillo-Ortiz Angel Alejandro , Zamora-Tehozol Erick , Vega-Morales David , Rosete Diana Cervántes , Martín-Nares Eduardo , Rodriguez-Reyna Tatiana Sofia , Gabayet Marina Rull , Alpízar-Rodríguez Deshiré , Irazoque Fedra , Jimenez Xochitl , Bon Lenny Geurts-van , Zijlstra Theo , Hoekstra Monique , Al-Adhoubi Nasra , Salim Babur , Giraldo Enrique , Salinas Ariel , Ugarte-Gil Manuel , Nowakowski Jaroslaw , Al-Emadi Samar , Conway Richard , Flood Rachael , McCarthy Geraldine , Felea Ioana , Filipescu Ileana , Rednic Simona , Groseanu Laura , Tamas Maria Magdelena , Mlynarikova Vanda , Skamlova Martina , Zlnay Martin , Miceková Dagmar , Capova Lubica , Macejova Zelmira , Tenová Emoke , Raffayova Helena , Belakova Gabriela , Strakova Eva , Sencarová Marieta , lnayová Sona , Sabová Anna , Spisakova Daniela , Oetterová Mária , Lukacova Olga , Bakosova Martina , Hocevar Alojzija , Torre-Rubio Natalia de la , Sancho Juan José Alegre , Coro Montserrat Corteguera , Garcia Juan Carlos Cobeta , Martin Maria Carmen Torres , Campos Jose , Puerta Jose A Gomez , Yardimci Gozd Kubra , Akar Servet , Icacan Ozan Cemal , Çelik Selda , Vasylets Viktoriia , Yeoh Su-Ann , Vandevelde Claire , Dunt Sasha , Leeder Jane , Macphie Elizabeth , Salerno Rosaria , Graver Christine , Williams Katie , O'Reilly Sheila , Devine Kirsty , Tyler Jennifer , Warner Elizabeth , Pilcher James , Patel Samir , Nikiphorou Elena , Chadwick Laura , Jones Caroline Mulvaney , Harrison Beverley , Thornton Lucy , O'Kane Diana , Fusi Lucia , Low Audrey , Horton Sarah , Jatwani Shraddha , Baig Sara , Bajwa Hammad , Berglund Vernon , Dahle Angela , Dorman Walter , Hargrove Jody , Hilton Maren , Lebedoff Nicholas , Leonard Susan , Morgan Jennifer , Pfeifer Emily , Skemp Archibald , Wilson Jeffrey , Wolff Anne , Cepeda Eduardo , D'Silva Kristin , Hsu Tiffany , Serling-Boyd Naomi , Sparks Jeffrey , Todd Derrick , Wallace Zachary , Hare Denise , Calabrese Cassandra , Adams Christopher , Khosroshahi Arezou , Kilian Adam , White Douglas , Winter Melanie , Fields Theodore , Siegel Caroline , Daver Nicole , Harvey Melissa , Kramer Neil , Lamore Concetta , Hogarty Suneya , Yeter Karen , Wise Leanna , Siddique Faizah , Ban Byung , Tanner Tamar , Ruderman Eric , Davis William , Quinet Robert , Scopelitis Evangeline , Toribio Karen Toribio , Webb-Detiege Tameka , Zakem Jerald , Abbass Khurram , Kepecs Gilbert , Miranda Lilliam , Guma Michael , Haikal Ammar , Mody Sushama , Mueller Daric , Jayatilleke Arundathi , Zell JoAnn , Bays Alison , Dao Kathryn , Fatemeh Ezzati , Parks Deborah , Karp David , Quiceno Guillermo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Although evidence is accumulating globally, data on outcomes in rheumatic disease and COVID-19 in Ireland are limited. We used data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (C19-GRA) to describe time-varying COVID-19 outcomes for people with rheumatic disease in Ireland.

Methods
Data entered into the C19-GRA provider registry from Ireland between 24 March 2020 and 9 July 2021 were analysed. Differences in the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality according to demographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Trends in odds of hospitalization and mortality over time were investigated using logistic regression with the time period as a categorical variable.

Results
Of 212 cases included, 59.4% were female and median age was 58.0 years (range 13–96). Of the 212 cases, 92 (43%) were hospitalized and 22 (10.4%) died. Increasing age, a diagnosis of gout, ever smoking, glucocorticoid use, having comorbidities and specific comorbidities of cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease were more common in those hospitalized. A diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, csDMARD and/or b/tsDMARD use were less frequent in those hospitalized. Increasing age, a diagnosis of gout, ever smoking, having comorbidities and specific comorbidities of obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease were more common in those who died. Odds of hospitalization or mortality did not change over time.

Conclusion
No temporal trend was observed in either COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality outcomes for people with rheumatic disease in Ireland.