bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Effects of Different Dental Restorative Materials on Radiotherapy Dose Distribution
Authors: Özseven Alper , Uğurlu Muhittin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
One of the most specific effects of high-density dental restorative materials on head & neck cancer radiotherapy is generating variations on isodose distributions. These variations might have an impact on the accuracy and effectiveness of the radiation treatment. The aim of this study is investigating the possible dosimetric effect of six different restorative materials on isodose distributions in head & neck radiotherapy planning process.

Materials and Methods:
A special phantom was developed and twenty-one caries-free human third molars (a control group + six different restorative materials) were used for the measurements. After acquiring the computed tomography (CT) images, seven treatment plans were created. Hounsfield Unit (HU) numbers, horizontal line dose profile (HLDP) and vertical line dose profiles (VLDPs) were compared with the control group.

Results:
The amalgam sample deformed the HU numbers in CT images. The median HU value for the S4 material was considerably different than the other samples. The median values were quite close for the remaining samples. For the amalgam sample, the mean of the calculated median isodose values for HLDP and VLDP at 3.5 cm away from the isocenter line were lower than the mean of the control group 4.03% and 6.94%, respectively (for HLDP with tooth numbers of 36 and 38 P = 0.025 and P < 0.001, respectively; for VLDP P < 0.001). In C-S1 comparison results, the statistically significant differences were found for the measurement point at 1 cm away from the isocenter (P = 0.037, P = 0.002, and P = 0.018 for the tooth numbers 36, 37, and 38, respectively). In C-S2 and C-S6 comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference for tooth number 36 (P = 0.035 and P = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions:
The findings of the present study showed that amalgam should not be used in head & neck cancer patients who are planned to have radiation therapy. A high viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) and a ceramic reinforced GIC sample can be used instead of amalgam to minimize the distorting effect on isodose distributions.
Evaluatıon of Pituıtary/Cranial Imagıng Results of Central Puberty Precocıous Cases
Authors: Kendirci HNP , Kaba İ , Fidan N 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The activation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys results in central precocious puberty (CPP). Previous studies have shown that the height of the pituitary gland in the CPP cases is higher than in the normal children.

Aim:
In this study, ıt was aimed to evaluate the pituitary gland volüme by MRI in CPP children, and explore the intracranial lesions among children with CPP.

Patients and Methods:
The study was performed with 50 children (41 girls, 9 boys) who had been diagnosed with CPP. Pituitary MRI was performed in every child after the diagnosis of CPP. Pituitary gland volüme in CPP children was compared with age/sex-matched control subjects. In addition, if available, cranial MRI of patients were evaluated for the presence of additional intracranial abnormalities or space-occupying lesions.

Results:
The mean chronological age at diagnosis was 7.1 ± 1.0 (2.4–7.9) years in girls and 7.4 ± 1.7 (3.7–8.8) years in boys. CNS imaging showed pathological findings in 17% (7/41) of the girl cases and 55.5% (5/9) of the boy cases. Pituitary volumes of girls aged 6.0–7.9 years and boys aged 8.0–8.9 years were found to be increased compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
In this study, we found that CNS imaging showed pathological findings in 17% of the girl cases, and 55.5% of the boy cases. Pituitary volumes of girls aged 6.0–7.9 years and boys aged 8.0–8.9 years were found to be increased compared to the control group.
Ricketts' E-line Profile Preferences Among Nigerian Orthodontists, Orthodontic Trainees, and a Young Undergraduate Students' Population
Authors: Otuyemi O , Afolabi D , Oyewole T 
Published: April 2022

Aim:
This study compared the perceptions of orthodontists, orthodontic trainees, and young university undergraduate students in Nigeria regarding facial profile attractiveness and the need for orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
We used a photo-editing software to alter the lips on Ricketts' esthetic line (E-line) in a lateral silhouette to produce five silhouette profiles with 2 mm incremental changes in the upper and lower lips from the 'normal' position on the E-line (-4 mm/-2 mm to + 4 mm/+6 mm). Two hundred and thirty-two participants (consisting of six groups) ranked the five profiles on a 5-point Likert scale (least attractive, 1 to most attractive, 5). Participants also assessed whether orthodontic treatment was needed to improve facial esthetics. Data were analysed in SPSS 20. Intra-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa. We tested the null hypothesis (P ≤ 0.05) that ranked preferences between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Mann-Whitney U test was also used to assess pairwise comparisons between the groups.

Results:
Intra-rater reliability for facial profiles and treatment needs were moderately acceptable (perceptions ≥67.7%; treatment needs ≥67.0%). Perceptions between orthodontists and orthodontic trainees were not significantly different. However, orthodontists/trainees tended to rank the 'normal' Ricketts' E-line profile as most attractive, while students preferred more protrusive lips. Participants' age rather than sex significantly influenced esthetic preferences. About one-half of all participants (46.6%) ranked the 'normal' Ricketts' E-line as unacceptable; hence required orthodontic treatment to improve their facial attractiveness.

Conclusion:
Clinical/professional judgment and age significantly influenced participants' perceptions of facial attractiveness. Most participants preferred slightly protrusive lips.
Nigerian Resident Doctors' Work Schedule
Authors: Balogun SA , Ubom AE , Adesunkanmi AO , Ugowe OJ , Idowu AO , Mogaji IK , Nwigwe NC , Kolawole OJ , Nwebo EE , Sanusi AA , Odedeyi AA , Ogunrinde OV , Adedayo OO , Ndegbu CU , Ojo AS , Anele CO , Ogunjide OE , Olasehinde O , Awowole IO , Ijarotimi OA , Komolafe EO 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:
The deleterious effects of Resident Doctors' (RDs') long duty hours are well documented. Driven by concerns over the physician's well-being and patient safety, the RDs' duty hours in many developed countries have been capped. However, in Nigeria and many African countries, there are no official regulations on work hours of RDs. This study evaluated the work schedule of Nigerian RDs and its impact on their wellbeing and patient safety.

Subjects and Methods:
A national survey of 1105 Nigerian RDs from all specialties in 59 training institutions was conducted. With an electronic questionnaire designed using Google Forms, data on the work activities of RDs were obtained and analyzed using the IBM SPSS software version 24. The associations were compared using Chi-squared test with the level of significance set at < 0.05.

Results:
The mean weekly duty hours (h) of the RDs was 106.5 ± 50.4. Surgical residents worked significantly longer hours than non-surgical residents (122.7 ± 34.2 h vs 100.0 ± 43.9 h; P < 0.001). The modal on-call frequency was two weekday on-calls per week (474, 42.9%) and two weekend on-calls per month (495, 44.8%), with the majority of RDs working continuously for up to 24 hours during weekday on-calls (854, 77.3%) and 48–72 hours during weekend on-calls (568, 51.4%), sleeping for an average of only four hours during these on-calls. The majority of RDs had post-call clinical responsibilities (975, 88.2%) and desired official regulation of duty hours (1,031, 93.3%).

Conclusion:
The duty hours of Nigerian RDs are currently long and unregulated. There is an urgent need to regulate them for patient and physician safety.
Posture-Induced Intraocular Pressure Changes among Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ireka OJ , Arinze OC , Ogbu N , Ogbonnaya CE , Nnadozie UU , Chuka-Okosa CM 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim:
To determine the effect of postural changes on intraocular pressure (IOP) among newly diagnosed patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Patients and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study of 55 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with POAG attending Glaucoma clinics at a Federal Teaching Hospital in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, from July to September 2017. Patients IOPs were measured in the sitting position, supine without a pillow, and supine with pillow positions using Perkin's handheld applanation tonometer. All data were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0

Results:
A total of 55 subjects were recruited comprising 30 (54.5%) males and 25 (45.5%) females, with a mean age of 50.13 ± 9.97 years and an age range of 30–79 years. The mean intraocular pressure was 27.54 ± 3.98 mmHg in the sitting position, 30.15 ± 4.41 mmHg in the supine with pillow position, and 35.22 ± 4.61 mmHg in the supine without pillow position. The mean difference of mean IOP of sitting compared to supine without the pillow was 7.68 ± 2.08 mmHg (P-value < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.12–8.24); sitting compared to supine with the pillow was 2.61 ± 1.49 mmHg (P-value < 0.001, 95% CI: 3.01–2.21), whereas supine without the pillow compared to supine with the pillow was 5.07 ± 2.24 mmHg (P-value 0.001, 95% CI: 4.47–5.68)

Conclusion:
IOP was lowest in the sitting position and highest in the supine without pillow position. There was a statistically significant reduction in IOP on the assumption of supine with pillow position compared to supine without pillow position. The use of thick pillows in supine positions (such as during sleep or relaxations) rather than lying supine without pillows may reduce IOP spikes in POAG patients. This may have a positive effect as regards treatment and progression of glaucoma.
Electrocardiographic QRS Axis Shift, Rotation and COVİD-19
Authors: Koç Ş , Bozkaya VÖ , Yikilgan AB 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), severe dyspnea is the most dramatic complication. Severe respiratory difficulties may include electrocardiographic frontal QRS axis rightward shift (Rws) and clockwise rotation (Cwr).

Aim:
This study investigated the predictability of advanced lung tomography findings with QRS axis shift and rotation.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 160 patients. Patients were divided into the following two groups: normal (n = 80) and low (n = 80) oxygen saturation. These groups were further divided into four groups according to the rightward and leftward axis shift (Lws) on the electrocardiographic follow-up findings. These groups were compared in terms of electrocardiographic rotation (Cwr, counterclockwise rotation, or normal transition), tomographic stage (CO-RADS5(advanced)/CO-RADS1–4), electrocardiographic intervals, and laboratory findings.

Results:
In patients with low oxygen saturation, the amount of QRS axis shift, Cwr, and tomographic stage were significantly higher in the Rws group than in the Lws group. There were no differences in the above parameters between the Rws and Lws groups in patients with normal oxygen saturation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of Cwr and Rws independently increased the risk of CO-RADS5 by 18.9 and 4.6 fold, respectively, in patients with low oxygen saturation.

Conclusion:
In COVID-19 patients who have dyspnea with low oxygen saturation, electrocardiographically clockwise rotation with a rightward axis shift demonstrated good sensitivity (80% [0.657–0.943]) and specificity (80% [0.552–>1]) for predicting advanced lung tomographic findings.

ClinicalTrialsgov Identifier:
NCT04698083.
PENGARUH GAJI DAN INSENTIF TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. MAHKOTA SAKTI JAYA SIDOARJO
Authors: Nur Irawan Muhammad Rizal 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Pengaruh Gaji dan Insentif terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan pada PT.Mahkota Sakti Jaya Sidoarjo. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan membagikan kuisioner kepada responden. Populasi yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan PT.Mahkota Sakti Jaya sejumlah 110 Responden. Obyek penelitian ini adalah dilokasi perusahaan yang mencakup tentang letak dan batas wilayah lingkup perusahaan pada PT.Mahkota Sakti Jaya Sidoarjo. Dalam isi kuisioner identitas responden dibagi menjadi 7 bagian yaitu Usia responden, Jenis kelamin, Pendidikan, Penghasilan, Jumlah Keluarga, Lama Kerja, Memilih kerja. Untuk analisis data dalam penelitian ini digunakan analisis uji t dan uji f melalui program SPSS Ver.15, yang berguna untuk menguji variable bebas dan terikat, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Analisis uji t dan uji f bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh yang signifikan atau tidak signifikan. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Y = 1,854 + 0,215X1 + 0329 X2 diketahui bahwa variable bebas yang bertanda positif. Dari analisisuji t semua variabel bebas berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap Produktivitas Kerja.Dari hasil uji f secara simultan bahwa variable Gaji dan Insentif berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap peningkatan produktivitas kerja.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, PERSEPSI HARGA, CITA RASA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN
Authors: Maimunah Siti 
Published: April 2022

Pemasaran merupakan kegiatan usaha yang terdiri dari suatu proses dalam merencanakan kebutuhan konsumen, menciptakan suatu produk yang sesuai untuk dipasarkan, mempromosikan dan mendistribusikan produk barang atau jasa. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan perusahaan di dalam pemasaran yaitu dengan cara dapat memenuhi keinginan maupun kebutuhan konsumen, sehingga memberikan kepuasan dan loyalitas terhadap konsumen yang menjadi faktor utama dalam keberhasilan sebuah usaha. Oleh karena itu konsumen mengharapkan kualitas kinerja yang dapat memberikan kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen dengan memberikan kualitas pelayanan, persepsi harga dan cita rasa yang dapat membuat konsumen tertarik.Dalam penelitian ini populasinya adalah seluruh konsumen “Mie Liho Mie Kiro” Kecamatan Driyorejo, Gresik. Sampel yang diambil yaitu 100 responden dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada responden untuk memperoleh data. Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisa Structural Equation Modelling menggunakan Amos 16.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kepuasan konsumen tetapi dapat mempengaruhi positif terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Variabel persepsi harga dapat mempengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan dapat berpengaruh negatif terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Variabel cita rasa dapat mempengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen. Variabel kepuasan konsumen dapat mempengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Kata Kunci: kualitas pelayanan, persepsi harga, cita rasa, kepuasan konsumen dan loyalitas konsumen.
Todo es mentira: cultura de la violación, mitos y falsas creencias sobre violencia sexual hace las mujeres
Authors: Tardón Recio Bárbara 
Published: April 2022

Este artículo aborda la significación de la violación y otras formas de violencia sexual, entendidas como dispositivos de control de la autonomía y libertad sexual de las mujeres.
A lo largo del documento se profundiza sobre los elementos que sostienen y justifican las distintas formas de violencia sexual: la ideología patriarcal, la cultural de la violación, los mitos sobre violencia sexual o la naturaleza del consentimiento.
Se aborda así, cada uno de los pilares que amparan la lógica patriarcal que normaliza e invisibilidad la violación como parte del continuum de violencia ejercida históricamente sobre las mujeres, con el objetivo de identificar alternativas para su erradicación desde un marco de políticas públicas feministas y de derechos humanos.
Regulasi Diri Pecandu Narkotika Melalui Pendekatan Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Berbasis Pesantren
Authors: Mohamad Abdul Azis Mohamad Abdul Azis 
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang Penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan bebagai cara dalam upaya pemberantasan narkoba yakni dengan diterbitkannya UU No. 35 Th. 2009 tentang narkotika, dibentuknya Badan Khusus Pemberantasan Narkoba (BNN) dan juga instruksi Presiden No. 12 Tahun 2011 tentang pelaksanaan JAKSTRANAS bidang P4GN (Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba) tahun 2011-2015 yang mendorong segenap elemen bangsa, pemerintah pusat dan di daerah, dan masyarakat untuk lebih aktif dan agresif lagi dalam memerangi kejahatan narkoba. Masalah ketergantungan terhadap narkoba muncul akhibat tidak bisanya diri individu bersikap disiplin dan kontrol atas dirinya sendiri, untuk melakukan rehabilitasi (penyembuhan) perlu adanya bimbingan dan konseling yang merupakan salah satu solusi bagi pecandu narkotika.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Wawancara, Observasi, Dokumentasi. Dalam menganalisis data peneliti memakai langkah-langkah Memeriksa data, Mengumpulkan dan mengklasifikasikan data kedalam tema-tema tertentu, selanjutnya Mempelajari dan memaknai data sehingga membentuk pola pada data, kemudian untuk pengabsahan data peneliti melakukan pengecekan terhadap data dan penafsirannya dengan cara membandingkannya dengan data yang diperoleh dari sumber lain.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan : Proses regulasi diri pada subjek diawali dengan adanya rasa jenuh akan kecanduan sehingga memunculkan keinginan untuk pulih. Setelah menjalani proses bimbingan dan konseling dengan pendekatan-pendekatanya, masing-masing subjek mengalami PAWS yang terus mereka alami dalam proses regulasi. Selanjutnya, proses regulasi diri juga diawali dengan adanya faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap proses regulasi diri. Faktor tersebut antara lain subjek merasakan adanya dampak negatif akibat kecanduannya dan memiliki kebutuhan yang harus mereka penuhi. Adanya faktor tersebut mengawali proses regulasi diri bagi subjek terutama dalam menetapkan tujuan. Saat subjek memiliki tujuan, maka unsur regulasi diri mulai diterapkan. subjek menjaga recovery dengan meregulasi dirinya dan mencegah terjadinya mekanisme kegagalan regulasi diri. Di sisi lain, faktor ekologi (terutama mikrosistem) dan efikasi diri turut memberikan dukungan maupun pengaruh bagi subjek untuk mempertahankan kondisi abstinen atau menjaga recovery. Pendekatan Bimbingan Konseling Islam Pada Pecandu Narkotika yang dipakai di Pesanren Al-Qodir sangat berbeda dengan Bimbingan dan Konseling di Pesantren-pesantren lain, yaitu mereka harus mampu melewati tiga tahapan selama di pesantren agar bisa dikatakan sembuh yaitu merasa nyaman, mampu bersosial, dan mampu menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi
The Quest for Systemic Islamic Economic Studies from Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Authors: Abidin Zainal 
Published: April 2022

The method in Islamic studies is a necessity for the reason that with a correct and accurate method, Islamic study becomes an interesting exploration in the academia. In Islamic Studies courses, issues of life problems associated with Islam need to be handled. This paper discerns the challenges and opportunities that arise in Islamic studies and relate these to the development of the Islamic economic realm. This article argues that Islamic studies is faced with a huge prospect , namely a reform at the philosophical level. Hence, concepts to enrich the perspectives using a multi-dimensional approach are suggested. Besides, strengthening the field of text supplementation by presenting an understanding of hermeneutics and understanding the concept of maqasid shari'a are also encouraged. It concludes with an obsession to present a sensitive and integrated Islam with modernity.
Tribunal Supremo 15 November 1994
Authors: van Schaick Bert , Lehrberg Bert , de Temmermann Bart , Kletecka Andreas , Dupong Valérie , Lecuit Marc 
Published: April 2022

The plaintiff's husband used to pay his air travel flights by credit card which was issued to him by the Banco Hispano Americano (BHA) where he also had a current account. The BHA had an agreement with an insurance company whereby a payment of up to 20 million pesetas in compensation was payable to the credit card holder (or their beneficiaries) for personal injuries suffered as a consequence of an accident as a passenger on public transport if the transport was paid for by means of the credit card.
The credit card holder tried to arrange a flight in February 1985. The travel company told him that his credit card had been cancelled. When he enquired about this at the bank, it transpired that there had been an error. In cancelling the card of another customer of the bank with the same name, who did not have any money in his account, the bank had also cancelled that of the plaintiff's husband. Since he could not pay for his ticket by means of a credit card, he arranged for payment through the company that he worked for. The plane on which he travelled crashed causing the death of all passengers. His wife sued the BHA for the 20 million pesetas compensation that would have been payable if the flight had been paid for by credit card. The Tribunal Supremo decided that the credit card holder had been negligent by not taking out alternative insurance after having accepted the Bank's explanations of the reason for the cancellation of his credit card. Therefore, the BHA was only held liable for 50% of the claim.
Mainlines in Danish Labour Market Policy as presented in the Danish National Action Plan 1999
Authors: Pedersen Jesper Hartvig 
Published: April 2022

The primary aim of this article is to outline the main features of the Danish labour market and equal opportunities policies (chapters 2 and 3) as presented in the Danish National Action Plan 1999.
By way of introduction, chapter 1 describes some main points concerning the Danish attitude towards the work within the European Community, the Danish strategy for growth and employment and the Danish labour market model. Finally, some viewpoints concerning the application of 'soft law' versus 'hard law' in the European Union are presented in chapter 4.
United Mizrahi 28.11.90, Immunity for Suit? - Mareva Injunctions, Constructive Trusts and the Salutary Tale of Mizrahi Bank
Authors: Breen Oonagh B. 
Published: April 2022

A Mareva injunction allows a claimant to freeze a defendant's assets pending litigation. The injunction regularly contains provisos for the defendant to be able to meet certain types of regular expenditure and meet legal costs. The defendant in United Mizrahi Bank was being sued for breach of trust: he was an employee of the bank who had allegedly arranged for customers to pay money to entities controlled by him. The bank obtained a Mareva injunction pending the hearing of its claim for the return of the moneys obtained through this breach of trust. The claim was proprietary in nature. The bank could "trace" its ownership of the funds into the hands of the defendant and his associates.
The defendant sought declarations from the English High Court that by using some of the frozen assets to fund his legal expenses in defending the action, he would not be in breach of the Mareva injunction, and that if the claim against him was upheld, the expenditure of money on legal services would not be regarded as a further breach of trust. In relation to the first point, Rattee J held that the Mareva injunction contained a specific proviso for legal expenses, and therefore the use of assets for this purpose could not be a breach of the injunction. In relation to the second point, Michael Burton QC was unable to provide reassurance. Although the defendant would not be in breach of the Mareva injunction by using the disputed assets to fund his defence, it was possible that the assets would be found to be the property of the bank. If they passed into new hands - in casu those of the defendant's solicitors - there was a risk that those solicitors might also be made subject to a claim for their return.