bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Combined Effect of Bio-Fertilizers, Coconut Endosperm Fluid and Amino Acids Tryptophan on the Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Authors: Jaafar Mahdi S. , Mustafa Alnaimi Sala Basim Ismael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out in the field during the two winter seasons (2020-2019) and (2021-2020) in the experimental field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya), with the aim of improving the efficiency and productivity of the vegetative growth characteristics of cumin (Turkish variety) under the influence of Iraqi conditions. The experiment included a two-factor study, the first with four levels of biofertilizers (without vaccine, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense and the mixture between the two fertilizers), and the second with a combination of five levels that included two treatments (15 and 30 ml L-1) each of coconut endosperm fluid and tryptophan with One metering treatment for both (spray with distilled water only). The experiment was carried out by arranging the split panels according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the study showed the superiority of plants treated with the spray combination (30 ml-1 each) in the presence of the mixture between the two fertilizers in the height of the main stem (27.53 and 29.33 cm), the number of main branches (9.13 and 9.67 plant branches-1) and the dry weight of the vegetative (9.99 and 9.99 9.96 g plant-1), fresh weight of the vegetative (20.55 and 43.95 g plant-1), relative growth rate (0.044 and 0.050 g-1 day-1), crop growth rate (1.903 and 2.292 g m2 day-1) and leaves of total chlorophyll (0.052 and 0.047 mg 100 g-2 of fresh weight) compared to uncontaminated and unsprayed plants for both seasons, respectively.
Effect of Aspergillus flavus on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Barley and Some of Associated Weeds
Authors: Ali Al-Shebly Hayder Azeez 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The research was conducted during the 2021 growing season which included a series of experiments to investigate the effect the fungus Aspergillus flavus presence on germination and growth of barley and some barley weeds including annual ryegrass Lolium rigidum, darnel Lolium temulentum and yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis. Results of isolation and identification of fungi associated with seedlings roots of barley and the weeds showed that A. flavus was the most prevalent fungus associated with roots and surrounding soil recording the highest frequency among all the found fungi. In plastic pots, Aspergillus flavus was added to the potting soil and tested for its the effect on seed germination and seedlings growth of barley and weeds under study. The results showed after 20 days of planting that the fungus led to an increase in the percentage of germination and fresh weight and lengths of barley seedlings while the presence of the fungus decreased germination and seedlings growth of studied weeds with the highest negative impact on the darnel. Incubation at different temperatures were tested for their effects on A. flavus growth, and results showed that the fungus grows higher when incubated at relatively high temperatures (25-35°C), while the lowest growth was at 15 °C and the fungus did not grow at 10 °C.
The Response of Three Barley Cultivars to Cumin Extract at Different Soaking Times and the Identification of the Active Compounds Using GCMS
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed A. , Hayawi Jassim A. , Sultan Fatima I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The research was carried out at the Agricultural Technical College / Mosul, to study the effect of cumin extract on barley culture with three factors, the first is (comparator and cumin extract), the second is the duration of soaking (6 and 12) hours, and the third is barley varieties (local, rayhan, zanbaqa), using the design of (CRD) and three replicates. At the end of the research, the data were recorded and analyzed according to the SAS program, and the different averages were distinguished by different alphabets, and the results were: Cumin extract was significantly superior to the control treatment in all studied traits, except for the number of roots. The duration of (12) hours was significantly superior to the duration of (6) hours in the wet and dry weight of the seedling. The barley zanbaqa cultivar outperformed the local and rayhan cultivars in all the studied traits. The interaction between cumin extract and the duration of (12) hours achieved significant superiority in all the studied traits. The interaction between cumin extract and zanbaqa cultivar was significantly superior in seedling wet weight, root length and vegetative length. The interaction between the period (12) hours and the zanbaqa variety caused a significant superiority in all the studied traits. The interaction between cumin extract, duration (12) hours, and zanbaqa cultivar was significantly superior to the rest of the interactions in wet and dry weight and root length.. The active compounds separated from the aqueous extract of cumin were diagnosed by GCMS and it was found that there are 9 compounds, 2 of which are phenolic and 7 of which are fatty acids.
Response of Corn at Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivation Distances
Authors: Alsharifi Mohamed Yousif M. , Atab Huda A. , Alwan Alsharifi Salih K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Study the response of the corn crop / Bohooth 106 cultivar, at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (NF) and cultivation distances (CD). were tested under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer NF of 200, 250 and 300 kgN.ha-1, and two levels CD of 15 and CD of 20 cm The split -split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The results showed that the NF of 300 kgN.ha-1 was significantly superior to the other two levels of NF of 200 and 250 kgN.ha-1 in all studied conditions. Soil characteristics(SBD and TSP), plant and root parameters (RL, RDFW and PDFW) and yield and plant growth parameters (PVI, PH, LA and GY). The CD of 20 cm was meaningfully best than of CD of 15 cm in all studied conditions.
A study Some Technical Indicators Under Impact Tillage Depth and Disk harrow Angle of the Compound Machine
Authors: Mankhi Abbas A. , Jebur Hussein A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The research included studying the effect of different plowing depths (10,20and30) cm and three angles of the disc harrows (18,20and25) when they were combined in one compound machine consisting of a triple plow and disc harrows tied within one structure. Draft force, fuel consumption, practical productivity, and resistance to soil penetration. The results indicated that the plowing depth and disc angle had a significant effect on all studied parameters. The results showed that when the plowing depth increased and the disc angle increased, leads to increased pull force ratio, fuel consumption, resistance to soil penetration, and reduce the machine practical productivity.
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Agricultural Domestic Product in Iraq for the Period 1990 – 2020
Authors: Abdulhussain Ali J. , Abd Miqdad Jassim , Mousa Hayder Talib 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study aimed at the impact of fiscal policy tools on the agricultural domestic product in Iraq for the period 1990-2020 through economic, statistical and standard analysis, after taking an overview of a set of concepts about fiscal policy, its objectives and tools in addition to analysis Reality economic for the output local agricultural The applied study showed the analysis of the impact between the financial policy tools ( public spending, tax revenues, public revenues) on agricultural domestic product through economic and standard analysis, and the results showed that the increase in public revenues has a significant impact on agricultural domestic product and this is consistent with The logic of economic theory, either Public spending, although its impact is not significant, but the result is positive, and tax revenues came in an inverse relationship with agricultural domestic product and this is consistent with economic theory. Finally, raising the proportion of the country’s public revenue contribution and supporting the agricultural domestic product by increasing the proportion of allocations belonging to the agricultural sector, which has a positive impact on the economy in particular and is considered part of the fiscal policy steps.
Effect of Agricultural Medium on the Qualitative Characteristics of Two Hybrids of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) in Hydroponics System
Authors: Nasih Hayder Bahjat , Abdulrahman Harith B. , Ghassan J. Z. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the most effective agricultural medium used in the growth and yield of lettuce in a hydroponics system under plastic house protected structure. Specifically, the study aimed to know the effect of using different agricultural medium such as peat moss, perlite and peat moss + perlite on growth and yield of two hybrids of lettuce. The experiment was conducted from 16 November 2020 to 21 January 2021 at Nursery of the Directorate of Agriculture Kirkuk / Kirkuk governate. The research used two factors, first factor is different of agricultural medium viz., peat moss, perlite and peat moss + perlite. Second factor is Two hybrids of lettuce viz, Fajer and Nader. The experiment was laid out according to the Randomized Complete Blocking Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement in three replicates. The Duncan Multiple Range test at 5% level of probability was used for the comparison among means. Results showed that the lettuce planted in peat moss had the greatest content of the middle and internal leaves of chlorophyll. And the proportion of phosphorous, potassium, iron, nitrate and pigment Beta-carotene, percentage and density and refractive index of oil in the leaves. The data collected revealed that the Fajer hybrid recorded significant increment in all studied characteristics except content of the external leaves of chlorophyll and the percentage of nitrogen, protein and sugars in the leaves. Fajer hybrid planted in peat moss obtained maximum values in all studied characteristics compared to other treatments. On contrast, Nader hybrid planted in peat moss + perlite obtained minimum values in these characteristics.
Spatial patterning of PCL µ-scaffolds directs 3D vascularized bio-constructs morphogenesis in vitro
Authors: Pedram Parisa , Mazio Claudia , Imparato Giorgia , Netti Paolo A , Salerno Aurelio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modular tissue engineering (mTE) strategies aim to build three-dimensional tissue analogues in vitro by the sapient combination of cells, micro-scaffolds (μ-scaffs) and bioreactors. The translation of these newly engineered tissues into current clinical approaches is, among other things, dependent on implant-to-host microvasculature integration, a critical issue for cells and tissue survival in vivo. In this work we reported, for the first time, a computer-aided modular approach suitable to build fully vascularized hybrid (biological/synthetic) constructs (bio-constructs) with micro-metric size scale control of blood vessels growth and orientation. The approach consists of four main steps, starting with the fabrication of polycaprolactone μ-scaffs by fluidic emulsion technique, which exhibit biomimetic porosity features. In the second step, layers of μ-scaffs following two different patterns, namely ordered and disordered, were obtained by a soft lithography-based process. Then, the as obtained μ-scaff patterns were used as template for human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells co-culture, aiming to promote and guide the biosynthesis of collagenous extracellular matrix and the growth of new blood vessels within the mono-layered bio-constructs. Finally, bi-layered bio-constructs were built by the alignment, stacking and fusion of two vascularized mono-layered samples featuring ordered patterns. Our results demonstrated that, if compared to the disordered pattern, the ordered one provided better control over bio-constructs shape and vasculature architecture, while minor effect was observed with respect to cell colonization and new tissue growth. Furthermore, by assembling two mono-layered bio-constructs it was possible to build 1 mm thick fully vascularized viable bio-constructs and to study tissue morphogenesis during 1 week of in vitro culture. In conclusion, our results highlighted the synergic role of μ-scaff architectural features and spatial patterning on cells colonization and biosynthesis, and pave the way for the possibility to create in silico designed vasculatures within modularly engineered bio-constructs.
Valley-magnetophonon resonance for interlayer excitons
Authors: Smirnov Dmitry S , Holler Johannes , Kempf Michael , Zipfel Jonas , Nagler Philipp , Ballottin Mariana V , Mitioglu Anatolie A , Chernikov Alexey , Christianen Peter C M , Schüller Christian , Korn Tobias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heterobilayers consisting of MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers can host optically bright interlayer excitons with intriguing properties such as ultralong lifetimes and pronounced circular polarization of their photoluminescence due to valley polarization, which can be induced by circularly polarized excitation or applied magnetic fields. Here, we report on the observation of an intrinsic valley-magnetophonon resonance for localized interlayer excitons promoted by invervalley hole scattering. It leads to a resonant increase of the photoluminescence polarization degree at the same field of 24.2 Tesla for H-type and R-type stacking configurations despite their vastly different excitonic energy splittings. As a microscopic mechanism of the hole intervalley scattering we identify the scattering with chiral TA phonons of MoSe2 between excitonic states mixed by the long-range electron hole exchange interaction.
Energetic disorder impacts energy-level alignment of alpha-sexithiophene on hydrogen-terminated silicon and silicon oxide
Authors: Chen Botong , Hu Jiaxin , Wang Qi , Duhm Steffen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The energy-level alignment at hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces is decisive for the performance of (opto-)electronic devices. We use ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS) to measure the energy-level alignment of vacuum-sublimed α-sexithiophene (6 T) thin films with HF-etched n-type Si(100) and with Si with a native oxide layer (SiOx). The 6 T thin films induce a small (<0.1 eV) downwards band bending into both substrates as shown by XPS. The well-ordered growth of 6 T on Si leads to a relatively narrow density of states (DOS) distribution of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) as shown by UPS. Furthermore, the Fermi-level comes to lie at rather mid-gap position and, consequently, no energy-level bending occurs in the 6 T layer. Structural disorder in the 6 T thin film on SiOx leads to a broad HOMO DOS distribution and to tailing states into the energy gap. Consequently, downwards energy-level bending (by around 0.20 eV) takes place in the 6 T layer.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Remote Behavioral Interventions Facilitated by Health Care Providers at Improving Medication Adherence in Cardiometabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chilala Chimweta I , Kassavou Aikaterini , Sutton Stephen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Although cardiometabolic conditions account for over 32% of all global deaths, nearly half of the patients with cardiometabolic conditions do not take medication as prescribed. Remote behavioral interventions have been shown to potentially improve adherence in these patients and further support cost effective clinical practice.

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of remote behavioral interventions at improving treatment adherence and to explore behavioral intervention components associated with it.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science in April 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were utilized.

Results
In total, 40 studies, including 24,672 participants, were included. The overall quality of evidence, assessed using the RoB2 tool, was low. The intervention had a small (odds ratios [OR] = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.47, 1.96, N = 4823 p &lt; .001) to moderate effect (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.76, N = 20,271, p &lt; .001) on the dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced by 3.71 mmHg (95% CI: 3.99, 3.43, N = 6,527, p &lt; .001) and participants receiving the intervention were twice more likely to achieve blood pressure (BP) control (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.84, N = 1,172, p &lt; .001). Generally, HBA1c decreased by 0.25% (95% CI: 0.33, 0.17, N = 6,734, p &lt; .001), whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol dropped by 6.82 mg/dL (95% CI: 8.33, 5.30, N = 4,550, p &lt; .001) in favor of the intervention. There was a trend suggesting a potential positive effects on reducing visits to emergency department (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.01, N = 4,182) and mortality rates (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.42, N = 1,971), and no risk for hospital readmission (OR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.20, N = 5,402), favoring the intervention.

Conclusions
Despite low quality of evidence, remote consultations are effective at improving medication adherence and clinical indicators, and potentially cost-effective solution for health care services.
Lower Preoperative Verbal Memory Performance Is Associated with Delirium after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaźmierski Jakub , Miler Piotr , Pawlak Agnieszka , Woźniak Joanna , Frankowska Emilia , Nowakowska Karina , Kuchta Katarzyna , Pazdrak Michał , Woźniak Katarzyna , Magierski Radosław , Krejca Michał , Wilczyński Mirosław 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive impairment constitutes one of the major risk factors of delirium after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery; however, it is unclear whether only patients with global cognitive decline are at increased risk for delirium or if individuals with preserved global cognitive functions but impairments in specific cognitive domains are also more vulnerable to developing delirium. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the neurocognitive status of patients scheduled for CABG surgery with the use of an advanced computerized cognitive battery (CNS Vital Signs) and to investigate possible associations between impaired performance in selective cognitive areas and the risk of postoperative delirium development.

Methods
The study enrolled 127 participants with a median age of 67 years (IQR: 63–71). Postoperative delirium developed in 32 (25%) patients.
Before surgery, the patients were screened for global cognitive impairment with the use of the Mini-Mental State Examination Test, and the individuals were asked to perform the CNS Vital Signs battery to investigate 12 specific cognitive domains. The Confusion Assessment Method and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale were used to screen for a diagnosis of delirium postoperatively.

Results
In multivariate models, a lower score of verbal memory-assessed preoperatively was independently associated with the risk of postoperative delirium development. Other independent predictors of delirium included more advanced age, gender female, depression, postoperative pyrexia, and the presence of extracorporeal circulation.

Conclusions
As decreased verbal memory constitutes an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium, a verbal memory test may be a useful predictor of postoperative delirium development.
A Protective Role of NOD2 on Oxazolone-induced Intestinal Inflammation Through IL-1β-mediated Signalling Pathway
Authors: Secher Thomas , Couturier Aurélie , Huot Ludovic , Bouscayrol Helene , Grandjean Teddy , Boulard Olivier , Hot David , Ryffel Bernhard , Chamaillard Mathias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
NOD2 has emerged as a critical player in the induction of both Th1 and Th2 responses for potentiation and polarisation of antigen-dependent immunity. Loss-of-function mutations in the NOD2-encoding gene and deregulation of its downstream signalling pathway have been linked to Crohn’s disease. Although it is well documented that NOD2 is capable of sensing bacterial muramyl dipeptide, it remains counter-intuitive to link development of overt intestinal inflammation to a loss of bacterial-induced inflammatory response. We hypothesised that a T helper bias could also contribute to an autoimmune-like colitis different from inflammation that is fully fledged by Th1 type cells.

Methods
An oedematous bowel wall with a mixed Th1/Th2 response was induced in mice by intrarectal instillation of the haptenating agent oxazolone. Survival and clinical scoring were evaluated. At several time points after instillation, colonic damage was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic observations. To evaluate the involvement of NOD2 in immunochemical phenomena, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and flow cytometry analysis were performed. Bone marrow chimera experimentation allowed us to evaluate the role of haematopoietic/non-hematopoietic NOD2-expressing cells.

Results
Herein, we identified a key regulatory circuit whereby NOD2-mediated sensing of a muramyl dipeptide [MDP] by radio-resistant cells improves colitis with a mixed Th1/Th2 response that is induced by oxazolone. Genetic ablation of either Nod2 or Ripk2 precipitated oxazolone colitis that is predominantly linked to a lack of interferon-gamma. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that inactivation of Nod2 signalling in non-haematopoietic cells is causing a biased M1-M2 polarisation of macrophages and a decreased frequency of splenic regulatory T cells that correlates with an impaired activation of CD4 + T cells within mesenteric lymph nodes. Mechanistically, mice were protected from oxazolone-induced colitis upon administration of MDP in an interleukin-1- and interleukin-23-dependent manner.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that Nod2 signalling may prevent pathological conversion of T helper cells for maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
A Protection Motivation Theory Approach to Understanding How Fear of Falling Affects Physical Activity Determinants in Older Adults
Authors: Preissner Christian Erik , Kaushal Navin , Charles Kathleen , Knäuper Bärbel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study applied an extended Protection Motivation Theory to investigate the relative importance of fear of falling (FoF) among motivational and intentional determinants of physical activity (PA) behavior.

Methods
Older U.S. adults (N = 667, 65+) were surveyed using online research panels and completed measures of self-efficacy and response efficacy (coping appraisal), perceived vulnerability and perceived severity (threat appraisal), FoF, autonomous motivation, intention, physical health, and past PA level.

Results
Our structural equation model showed that past PA level and health predicted intention via cognitive constructs. PA and health predicted FoF and motivation via threat and coping appraisal. FoF did not directly predict intention.

Discussion
Results from this sample provide support for the predictive effects of threat appraisal on fear. However, findings suggest that FoF may not be of great importance for the formation of PA intention compared with an established habit of being physically active and a subsequently fostered coping appraisal and motivation.