bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High triiodothyronine levels induce myocardial hypertrophy via BAFF overexpression
Authors: Li Guo‐Qing , Liu Xiao‐Mei , Liu Bing‐Li , Zhong Yi , Gu Qing‐Wei , Miao Jing‐Jing , Wang Jie , Liu Shu , Mao Xiao‐Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActivated B cells contribute to heart diseases, and inhibition of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) expression is an effective therapeutic target for heart diseases. Whether activated B cells participate in the development and progression of hyperthyroid heart disease, and what induces B cells activation in hyperthyroidism are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the roles of BAFF overexpression induced by high concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroid heart disease. Female C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with T3 for 6 weeks, and BAFF expression was inhibited using shRNA. Protein and mRNA expression of BAFF in mouse heart tissues evaluated via immunohistochemistry, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proportions of B cells in mouse cardiac tissue lymphocytes were quantified via flow cytometry. Morphology and left ventricle function were assessed using pathological sections and echocardiography, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that compared with the control group, the proportion of myocardial B cells was larger in the T3 group; immunohistochemistry, western blotting and PCR analyses revealed increased protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF‐α and BAFF in heart tissues of the T3 group. Compared with the normal controls group, in the T3 group, the diameter of myocardial cells and some echocardiographic values significantly increased and hypertrophy and structural disorder were noticeable. Our results revealed that elevated levels of circulating T3 can promote the expression of BAFF in myocardial cells and can lead to B‐cell activation, an elevated inflammatory response and ventricular remodelling.
Validity Arguments Meet Artificial Intelligence in Innovative Educational Assessment
Authors: Dorsey David W. , Michaels Hillary R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe have dramatically advanced our ability to create rich, complex, and effective assessments across a range of uses through technology advancement. Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled assessments represent one such area of advancement—one that has captured our collective interest and imagination. Scientists and practitioners within the domains of organizational and workforce assessment have increasingly used AI in assessment, and its use is now becoming more common in education. While these types of solutions offer their users the promise of efficiency, effectiveness, and a “wow factor,” users need to maintain high standards for validity and fairness in high stakes settings. Due to the complexity of some AI methods and tools, this requirement for adherence to standards may challenge our traditional approaches to building validity and fairness arguments. In this edition, we review what these challenges may look like as validity arguments meet AI in educational assessment domains. We specifically explore how AI impacts Evidence‐Centered Design (ECD) and development from assessment concept and coding to scoring and reporting. We also present information on ways to ensure that bias is not built into these systems. Lastly, we discuss future horizons, many that are almost here, for maximizing what AI offers while minimizing negative effects on test takers and programs.
Solving for stigma in mental health care
Authors: Heney Diana B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen we face an equation with an unknown variable, we ‘solve forx’, using methods that allow us to isolate and identify the unknown. Stigma is a known variable in health care equations, but remains impactful in a variety of ways that are not fully mapped or understood. In other words, stigma is a known unknown: it presents potential obstacles to the delivery of effective health care, but what kind of obstacles, of what size and significance, and for whom is often unclear. This paper investigates what Erving Goffman called the ‘stigma situation’: ‘the situation of the individual who is disqualified from full social acceptance.’ The core argument is that to successfully incorporate the experiential knowledge of mental health care service users, we must first solve for stigma—that is, we must determine the nature and scope of its significance, and then mitigate its effects. The present paper begins by demonstrating that stigma in mental health care remains an obstacle worthy of sustained attention. It then discusses typical methods taken in efforts to destigmatize mental illness, and suggests that additional work is needed in the clinical context of mental health care. The pervasiveness and complexity of stigma requires diligence in clinical settings to integrate the experience of mental health care service users and work towards an adequate model of recovery.
Clin‐Star corner: What is new at the interface of geriatrics and nephrology?
Authors: Nair Devika , Hall Rasheeda K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent and burdensome among older adults in the United States. CKD affects at least 15% of the US population, and adults over 65 comprise the largest subset within this group. In this special article, we highlight key findings of three recent original investigations in nephrology and describe each study, relevance to the care of older adults, and current areas of uncertainty that warrant further investigation. Articles relate to removal of the race adjustment in the estimation of kidney function, the use of novel therapeutics to halt CKD progression and improve cardiovascular outcomes, and medication management for short‐term pain control in CKD.
Factors associated with readmission in chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Low Jac Kee , Crawford Kimberley , Lai Jerry , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors associated with all‐cause hospital readmission are poorly characterised in patients with chronic kidney disease.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to identify risk factors and protectors of hospital readmission in chronic kidney disease.Design, Participants & MeasurementsStudies involving adult patients were identified from four databases from inception to 31/03/2020. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with all‐cause 30‐day hospital readmission in general chronic kidney disease, in dialysis and in kidney transplant recipient groups.ResultsEighty relevant studies (chronic kidney disease, n = 14 studies; dialysis, n = 34 studies; and transplant, n = 32 studies) were identified. Meta‐analysis revealed that in both chronic kidney disease and transplant groups, increasing age in years and days spent at the hospital during the initial stay were associated with a higher risk of 30‐day readmission. Other risk factors identified included increasing body mass index (kg/m2) in the transplant group, and functional impairment and discharge destination in the dialysis group. Within the chronic kidney disease ​​​​group, having an outpatient follow‐up appointment with a nephrologist within 14 days of discharge was protective against readmission but this was not protective if provided by a primary care provider or a cardiologist.ConclusionRisk‐reduction interventions that can be implemented include a nephrologist appointment within 14 days of hospital discharge, rehabilitation programme for functional improvement in the dialysis group and meal plans in the transplant group. Future risk analysis should focus on modifiable factors to ensure that strategies can be tested and implemented in those who are more at risk.
Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Blomdahl Erika M. , Speer James H. , Kaye Margot , Zampieri Nicole E. , Rochner Maegen , Currey Bryce , Alving Denise , Cahalan Gabriel D. , Hagedorn Ben , Li Hang , Oelkers Rose , Pelletier Lissa , Thapa Ichchha , Willson Kevin , Woodward Brian D. , DeRose R. Justin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuestionsGlobal climate change is predicted to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and composition of forests, particularly in mountain environments where climate exerts strong controls on tree community arrangement. The upslope movement of vegetation has been observed in association with warming temperatures and is especially evident in ecotones—the transition zones between vegetation types. We explored the role of drought and tree mortality on recent changes in high‐elevation forests.LocationGreater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.MethodsWe established 19 forest demography plots along an elevational gradient spanning dominant high‐elevation vegetation types.ResultsTree establishment dates indicated the upslope movement of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) treeline and ecotone shift from meadow to forest starting in the 1950s. An expansion of the growing season likely contributed to the upward expansion of the treeline. Comparisons between overstory and understory tree composition suggested ongoing succession in the absence of fire at lower elevations, namely the replacement of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) by Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir). P. contorta seedlings were distributed at higher elevations than overstory trees of the same species, suggesting some potential for upslope movement with warming conditions; P. albicaulis seedlings, conversely, were distributed throughout all elevations of the transect. Significant tree mortality occurred in Pinus spp. and disproportionately affected P. albicaulis, as a result of a regional Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) outbreak (2008–2012). Mortality events were strongly associated with drier than average conditions 2–3 years prior to tree death.ConclusionRising sensitivity to arid conditions in the mid‐20th century amid already dense, aging forests appears to have increased susceptibility to beetle‐induced mortality during the most recent drought. Tree species in the study area responded individually to global change stressors, which acted on these forests in complex ways and led to both ecotone shifts and stability. This work highlights the interplay between succession, forest disturbances and climate‐related growth responses in driving forest compositional change in subalpine and treeline environments.
Prognostic implications of CT/MRI LI‐RADS in hepatocellular carcinoma: State of the art and future directions
Authors: Wei Hong , Yang Ting , Chen Jie , Duan Ting , Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most lethal malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide. Management of HCC has followed several clinical staging systems that rely on tumour morphologic characteristics and clinical variables. However, these algorithms are unlikely to profile the full landscape of tumour aggressiveness and allow accurate prognosis stratification. Noninvasive imaging biomarkers on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exhibit a promising prospect to refine the prognostication of HCC. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) is a comprehensive system for standardizing the terminology, techniques, interpretation, reporting and data collection of liver imaging. At present, it has been widely accepted as an effective diagnostic system for HCC in at‐risk patients. Emerging data have provided new insights into the potential of CT/MRI LI‐RADS in HCC prognostication, which may help refine the prognostic paradigm of HCC that promises to direct individualized management and improve patient outcomes. Therefore, this review aims to summarize several prognostic imaging features at CT/MRI for patients with HCC; the available evidence regarding the use of LI‐RDAS for evaluation of tumour biology and clinical outcomes, pitfalls of current literature, and future directions for LI‐RADS in the management of HCC.
Wittgenstein on logical truth and bipolarity
Authors: Spinney Oliver Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI provide a motivation for Wittgenstein's holding to the view that a necessary condition of an item's possessing a sense is its being capable of truth and capable of falsehood. I argue that Wittgenstein adopted the relevant view in order to defend an approach to the determination of logical truth on which the subject matter of a proposition is irrelevant to our making such a determination. This approach was itself conceived of as a remedy to that employed by Russell, and to a conception of logical truth on which the axiom of reducibility counts as logically true.
Explainable deep learning powered building risk assessment model for proactive hurricane response
Authors: Gao Shangde , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate change and rapid urban development have intensified the impact of hurricanes, especially on the Southeastern Coasts of the United States. Localized and timely risk assessments can facilitate coastal communities’ preparedness and response to imminent hurricanes. Existing assessment methods focused on hurricane risks at large spatial scales, which were not specific or could not provide actionable knowledge for residents or property owners. Fragility functions and other widely utilized assessment methods cannot model the complex relationships between building features and hurricane risk levels effectively. Therefore, we develop and test a building‐level hurricane risk assessment with deep feedforward neural network (DFNN) models. The input features of DFNN models cover the meta building characteristics, fine‐grained meteorological, and hydrological environmental parameters. The assessment outcomes, that is, risk levels, include the probability and intensity of building/property damages induced by wind and surge hazards. We interpret the DFNN models with local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations (LIME). We apply the DFNN models to a case building in Cameron County, Louisiana in response to a hypothetical imminent hurricane to illustrate how the building's risk levels can be timely assessed with the updating weather forecast. This research shows the potential of deep‐learning models in integrating multi‐sourced features and accurately predicting buildings’ risks of weather extremes for property owners and households. The AI‐powered risk assessment model can help coastal populations form appropriate and updating perceptions of imminent hurricanes and inform actionable knowledge for proactive risk mitigation and long‐term climate adaptation.
DNA barcoding of rare and endangered plant species of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Sarsen A. , Saginova M. , Aktayeva S. , Akishev Zh. , Kiribayeva A. , Manabayeva Sh. , Mussakhmetov A. , Kakimzhanova A. , Khapilina O. , Akhmetollayev I. , Khassenov B. 
Published: July 2022

The ability to identify vegetation types is very important for the study of flora biodiversity. DNA barcoding makes it possible to standardize the identification procedure by reference DNA regions. The most popular sequences for molecular identification and phylogenetic studies are Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences. ITS are widely used as a phylogenetic marker to classify plants at various taxonomic levels, including genus, species, and subspecies. 29 samples of rare and endangered plant species were collected from Aksu-Zhabagly State Nature Reserve, Sayram-Ugam National Park and Berikkara Tract State Nature Reserve. DNA was isolated by the CTAB method, oligonucleotides flanking the ITS region of the nuclear DNA region were selected and synthesized. Sequencing was carried out and ITS sequences of the region were obtained for 29 species of rare and endangered plant species in Kazakhstan.
NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG FAVIPIRAVIR IS A POOR INHIBITOR AGAINST THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS IN CELL CULTURE, BUT FAVIPIRAVIR IS HIGHLY ACTIVE AGAINST VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS
Authors: Zauatbayeva G.M. , Syzdykova L.R. , Keyer V.V. , Shustov A.V. , Abilmagzhanov A.Z. , Zhurynov M.Zh. 
Published: July 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been the largest epidemiological event in the current century, however, it was not the first epidemic with a large tally in the 21st century, nor it will be the last. The majority of pathogens which have caused large epidemics in the 21st century (avian influenza, pandemic influenza, MERS, Ebola, etc.), including the SARS-CoV-2 itself, are RNA-containing viruses. The biological nature of the pathogen which will cause the future epidemic is difficult to predict, but with it highly probable will be an RNA-containing virus. To prepare for future epidemics, drug repurposing is a promising approach. The drugs repurposing against RNA viruses is facilitated by pathogens’ features such that RNA-dependent RNA polymerases have the ability to incorporate modified nucleotides into growing RNA strands; and in the majority RNA viruses, their replicases do not have the editing capacity.
In this work, we measured the ability of two registered antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of antiviral action - Favipiravir and Cycloferon - to suppress the replication of two unrelated viruses in Vero E6 cell culture. We measured the antiviral activity against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV).
Favipiravir was not an effective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, because of the high half-maximal effective concentration, EC50 > 6.67 mg/ml. But Favipiravir actively suppressed the replication of the VEEV virus in the pharmacological concentration range.
Cycloferon appeared to be a prominent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 cotonavirus, demonstrating EC50 = 0.066 mg/ml. However, Cycloferon was ineffective against VEEV.
Such differences in the activity of two drugs against two unrelated RNA-viruses are probably explained by different mechanisms of the antiviral action.
DISTRIBUTION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON WILD AND CULTURALLY GROWN APPLE TREES MALUS SPP. FOR THE PERIOD OF 2021
Authors: Malakhova N.P. , Skiba Y.A. , Tezekbayeva B.K. , Khasseyn A. , Dmitriyeva K.A. , Romashkin V.N. , Zharmukhamedova G.A. , Jumanova Zh. K. , Maltseva E.R. 
Published: July 2022

Fire blight of pome fruit cultures is a dangerous quarantine disease of pome and ornamental plants of Rosaceae, caused by a Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora. For the study of the fire blight distribution and timely establishment of the threat of endemic apple species Malus sieversii infection a phytopathological study of wild fruit forests and cultural plantations of apple (Malus spp.) was carried out in Almaty region. 263 samples were collected from wild plants without visible symptoms and cultivated plants with symptoms of a fire blight - brown and necrotic young shoots that have a characteristic "shepherd's crook" shape, blackened leaves and ovaries remaining on the affected shoots, and samples from trees with manifestations of the disease had previously been noted were collected as well. Screening of all received samples was carried out based on PCR analysis and revealed 23 positive results.
Phytopathological observations and the results of PCR analysis allowed identification of the infection’s source and distribution, as well as assessment of the current state of the studied areas of wild fruit forests and adjacent cultural apple plantations in Almaty region for the presence of fire blight’s infection agent.
Engaging in Paradigmatic Dialogue: A Bibliometric Analysis of Coaching Scholarship From 1970 to 2020
Authors: Campbell Sara , Mills Joseph , Atkinson Obidiah , Gearity Brian , Kuklick Clayton , McCullick Bryan 
Published: July 2022

Coaching scholarship (CS) sits at the intersection of multiple paradigms and disciplines. Despite the eclectic nature of the field, most scholars operate only within their preferred paradigm, which limits how coaching is conceptualized and practiced. To address this limitation, we used the dialectic stance to analyze bibliometric records of CS produced between 1970 and 2020 from both an interpretivist and poststructuralist perspective. Using Web of Science, we identified 2,522 coaching articles and organized the bibliometric data into a time-ordered matrix representing five decades of CS: (a) number of publications per year, (b) country of origin, (c) institution, (d) journal, (e) author, and (f) most cited articles. Two research groups analyzed the data concurrently and independently using their respective paradigm. Next, the two groups came together to engage in dialogue and discover areas of convergence and divergence. Through the paradigmatic dialogue, the interpretivist research group realized they were operating in a postpositivist paradigm. Nevertheless, both groups determined CS was heavily influenced by Western societies, sport psychology, and the topic of motivation. The postpositivists highlighted evolutionary trends in CS, while the poststructuralists elucidated relations of power, understudied problems, and the consequences of the dominant knowledge produced.
Leading While Losing: Elite Coaches’ Perspectives of Losing Streaks
Authors: Gibson Daryl , O’Connor Donna 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of elite professional football coaches when their team has experienced a “losing streak” of at least three consecutive matches. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 elite coaches from the National Rugby League, Australian Football League, and Super Rugby or international-level Rugby Union. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in the development of six themes, which were organized under a practical three-phase framework. The “pre” phase included (a) team environment; the “during” phase included (b) context of the streak influences strategy, (c) coach approach with the team, (d) disruption in the team dynamic, (e) the coaches’ personal response; and the “post” phase included (f) poststreak reflection. These coaches encountered complex multifactorial contextual situations, which required them to accurately assess the underlying issues that were causing failure and decide on a leadership approach that would reverse underperformance. Overall, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the temporal dimension of coaches’ approaches to losing streaks and highlight the critical process involved in establishing a team environment capable of responding with positive individual and collective cognitive and behavioral responses following successive losses.
Ten-Year Changes in Television Viewing and Physical Activity Are Associated With Concurrent 10-Year Change in Pericardial Adiposity: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Oh Minsuk , Jacobs David R. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Bao Wei , Pierce Gary L. , Carr Lucas J. , Terry James G. , Ding Jingzhong , Carr John J. , Whitaker Kara M. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Longitudinal association of television (TV) viewing and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) with pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is unclear. Methods: We studied Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study participants transitioning from early to middle age at Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) exam years 15 (2000–2001; N = 1975, mean age = 40.4, 55.4% women, 45.3% Black) and 25 (2010–2011). TV viewing (in hours per day) and MVPA (in exercise units) were measured using a self-report questionnaire. PAT volume (in milliliters) was measured using computed tomography. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the associations of tertiles of 10-year change (years 25–15) in TV viewing and MVPA with a concurrent change in PAT with adjustments for covariates. Results: Participants in the highest tertile of 10-year increase in TV viewing had a greater increase in PAT (β = 2.96 mL, P < .01). Participants in both middle (β = −3.93 mL, P < .01) and highest (β = −6.22 mL, P < .01) tertiles of 10-year changes in MVPA had smaller mean increases in PAT over 10 years when compared with the lowest tertile in fully adjusted models. Conclusions: Reducing or maintaining early-midlife levels of TV viewing and increasing MVPA may be associated with less PAT accumulation with age.