bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of atrioventricular conduction in a female teenager
Authors: Chen Qingyong , Jing Xianchao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 13‐year‐old girl was admitted to the Cardiology Clinic of West China Hospital with complains of recurrent palpitations for 1 year, dizziness, and chest tightness. Her ECG intercepted at different time periods in the Holter exhibited complex electrophysiological phenomena, such as sinus arrhythmia, dominant PJB, interpolated PJB, concealed PJB, isolated forward block, insularly retrograde block, reciprocal beat, junctional escape beat, interference atrioventricular dissociation, pseudo‐I°AVB, and pseudo‐II°AVB, which occurred simultaneously. This condition is extremely rare in clinical practice. The patient was prescribed an antiarrhythmic drug (propafenone 50 mg tid). After treatment, the PJB gradually decreased, and the pseudo‐AVB disappeared. Pseudo AVB is generally a benign phenomenon and proper recognition may avoid erroneously permanent pacemaker implantation.
Risk factors for and preventability of drug‐related hospital revisits in older patients: A post‐hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kempen Thomas G. H. , Hedman Anton N. , Hadziosmanovic Nermin , Lindner Karl‐Johan , Melhus Håkan , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Sulku Johanna , Gillespie Ulrika 
Published: December 2022

AimThe aims of this study were (1) to identify older patients' risk factors for drug‐related readmissions and (2) to assess the preventability of older patients' drug‐related revisits.MethodsPost hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial with patients aged ≥65 years at eight wards within four hospitals in Sweden. (1) The primary outcome was risk factors for drug‐related readmission within 12 months post‐discharge. A Cox proportional hazards model was made with sociodemographic and clinical baseline characteristics. (2) Four hundred trial participants were randomly selected and their revisits (admissions and emergency department visits) were assessed to identify potentially preventable drug‐related revisits, related diseases and causes.Results(1) Among 2637 patients (median age 81 years), 582 (22%) experienced a drug‐related readmission within 12 months. Sixteen risk factors (hazard ratio >1, P < 0.05) related to age, previous hospital visits, medication use, multimorbidity and cardiovascular, liver, lung and peptic ulcer disease were identified. (2) The 400 patients experienced a total of 522 hospital revisits, of which 85 (16%) were potentially preventable drug‐related revisits. The two most prevalent related diseases were heart failure (n = 24, 28%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 13, 15%). The two most prevalent causes were inadequate treatment (n = 23, 27%) and insufficient or no follow‐up (n = 22, 26%).Conclusion(1) Risk factors for drug‐related readmissions in older hospitalized patients were age, previous hospital visits, medication use and multiple diseases. (2) Potentially preventable drug‐related hospital revisits are common and might be prevented through adequate pharmacotherapy and continuity of care in older patients with cardiovascular or lung disease.
Prohibitin1 maintains mitochondrial quality in isoproterenol‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9C2 cells
Authors: Chakrabarti Moumita , Raut Ganesh Kumar , Jain Nishant , Bhadra Manika Pal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground InformationVarious types of stress initially induce a state of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) in the heart. But, persistent escalation of cardiac stress leads to progression from an adaptive physiological to a maladaptive pathological state. So, elucidating molecular mechanisms that can attenuate CH is imperative in developing cardiac therapies. Previously, we showed that Prohibitin1 (PHB1) has a protective role in CH‐induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it is unclear how PHB1, a mitochondrial protein, has a protective role in CH. Therefore, we hypothesized that PHB1 maintains mitochondrial quality in CH. To test this hypothesis, we used Isoproterenol (ISO) to induce CH in H9C2 cells overexpressing PHB1 and elucidated mitochondrial quality control pathways.ResultsWe found that overexpressing PHB1 attenuates ISO‐induced CH and restores mitochondrial morphology in H9C2 cells. In addition, PHB1 blocks the pro‐hypertrophic IGF1R/AKT pathway and restores the mitochondrial membrane polarization in ISO‐treated cells. We observed that overexpressing PHB1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, improves mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and triggers mitophagy.ConclusionWe conclude that PHB1 maintains mitochondrial quality in ISO‐induced CH in H9C2 cells.SignificanceBased on our results, we suggest that small molecules that induce PHB1 in cardiac cells may prove beneficial in developing cardiac therapies.
The impact of Allied Health Professionals on the primary and secondary prevention of obesity in young children: A scoping review
Authors: Griffiths Alex , Brooks Rob , Haythorne Rebecca , Kelly Gill , Matu Jamie , Brown Tamara , Ahmed Kanar , Hindle Linda , Ells Louisa 
Published: December 2022

SummaryAllied Health Professionals (AHPs) have the capacity to promote healthy behaviours in young children through routine ‘contact points’, as well as structured weight management programmes. This scoping review aims to evaluate the impact of AHPs in the prevention of obesity in young children. Databases were searched for relevant evidence between 1st January 2000 and 17th January 2022. Eligibility criteria included primary evidence (including, but not limited to; randomized controlled trials, observational studies, service evaluations) evaluating the impact of AHPs on the primary and secondary prevention of obesity in young children (mean age under 5 years old). AHP‐related interventions typically demonstrated improvements in outcomes such as nutritional behaviour (e.g. lower sweetened drink intake), with some reductions in screen time. However, changes in weight outcomes (e.g. body mass index (BMI) z‐score, BMI) in response to an AHP intervention were inconsistent. There was insufficient data to determine moderating effects, however tentative evidence suggests that those with a lower socioeconomic status or living in an underprivileged area may be more likely to lose weight following an AHP intervention. There was no evidence identified evaluating how AHPs use routine ‘contact points’ in the prevention of obesity in young children. AHP interventions could be effective in optimizing weight and nutritional outcomes in young children. However, more research is required to determine how routine AHP contact points, across the range of professional groups may be used in the prevention of obesity in young children.
Novel bleach activator compounds derived from the reaction of isocyanic acid with selected nucleophiles
Authors: Lewis David M. , Hawkes Jamie A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLaundry detergents commonly contain bleach activators that react with the perhydroxy anion produced from perborate or percarbonate anions to form activated peroxy compounds; these enhance bleaching and stain removal capacity especially at lower temperatures, hydrogen peroxide being an inefficient bleach below 60°C. The most commonly used activators are N, N, N′, N′‐tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulphonate (SNOBS) the former being used across Europe whereas the latter is used widely in the United States and Japan. This research studies the preparation of novel activator compounds which are carbamylated derivatives of selected nucleophiles using either solid or aqueous reactions of nucleophilic carboxylate anions with the highly reactive isocyanic acid entity derived from the acidification of sodium cyanate. The novel activator compounds were then assessed as bleach activators by testing against tea and bilberry‐stained cotton reference fabrics at 40°C in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH values ranging from 4 to 10; bleaching efficiency was assessed visually and colorimetrically. Results showed that all of the synthesised compounds were more effective bleach activators across the pH range tested than the standard TAED system.
Phylogenetic divergence and population genetics of the hydrothermal vent annelid genus Hesiolyra along the East Pacific Rise: Reappraisal using multi‐locus data
Authors: Xi Leyi , Sun Yanan , Xu Ting , Wang Zhi , Chiu Man Ying , Plouviez Sophie , Jollivet Didier , Qiu Jian‐Wen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimMaintaining genetic connectivity is crucial for species that inhabit the disjunct and unstable deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. We aimed to re‐assess the connectivity of the annelid genus Hesiolyra distributed at hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise (EPR). A previous study detected a major clade among five Hesiolyra populations spanning from 13°N to 21°S and a minor sympatric southern clade with ~1% divergence from the major clade. However, this study was based on a short locus of 366‐bp COI gene, which might not contain sufficient informative sites.LocationEast Pacific Rise.MethodsWe sequenced 188 specimens of Hesiolyra from five hydrothermal vent fields along the East Pacific Rise for six mitochondrial and two nuclear loci to infer their genetic divergence, population diversity and gene flow.ResultsWe found a minor southern clade (Hesiolyra aff. bergi) which was genetically distinct from Hesiolyra bergi sensu stricto for all gene markers explored except 16S. We also found shared genotypes between H. bergi and H. aff. bergi likely resulted from incomplete lineage sorting. For H. bergi s.s., we found a low but fixed divergence between the north and south EPR populations. We estimated the northern and southern metapopulations of H. bergi s.s. split ~0.45 Mya (HPD: 0.27–0.74 Mya). The northern metapopulation had a higher haplotype diversity than the southern metapopulation, indicating historical gene flow and loss of genetic diversity in the southern clade.Main conclusionsWe confirmed that the equatorial dispersal filter observed previously on several other vent species also applies to H. bergi. Our results highlight the power of the multi‐locus approach in revealing the divergence and population genetic history of marine species with strong dispersal capabilities, indicating that the NEPR and the SEPR should be considered as separate biogeographic regions in environmental management and biological conservation.
Combined method of whole mount and block‐face imaging: Acquisition of 3D data of gene expression pattern from conventional in situ hybridization
Authors: Sutrisno Aldy Anindyawan , Katano Wataru , Kawamura Hayata , Tajika Yuki , Koshiba‐Takeuchi Kazuko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVisualization of spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest is a fundamental technique for analyzing the involvements of genes in organ development. In situ hybridization (ISH) is one of the most popular methods for visualizing gene expression. When conventional ISH is performed on sections or whole‐mount specimens, the gene expression pattern is represented in 2‐dimensional (2D) microscopic images or in the surface view of the specimen. To obtain 3‐dimensional (3D) data of gene expression from conventional ISH, the “serial section method” has traditionally been employed. However, this method requires an extensive amount of time and labor because it requires researchers to collect a tremendous number of sections, label all sections by ISH, and image them before 3D reconstruction. Here, we proposed a rapid and low‐cost 3D imaging method that can create 3D gene expression patterns from conventional ISH‐labeled specimens. Our method consists of a combination of whole‐mount ISH and Correlative Microscopy and Blockface imaging (CoMBI). The whole‐mount ISH‐labeled specimens were sliced using a microtome or cryostat, and all block‐faces were imaged and used to reconstruct 3D images by CoMBI. The 3D data acquired using our method showed sufficient quality to analyze the morphology and gene expression patterns in the developing mouse heart. In addition, 2D microscopic images of the sections can be obtained when needed. Correlating 2D microscopic images and 3D data can help annotate gene expression patterns and understand the anatomy of developing organs. These results indicated that our method can be useful in the field of developmental biology.
GPR56 C‐terminal fragment mediates signal received by N‐terminal fragment of another adhesion GPCR Latrophilin1 in neurons
Authors: Nojima Yusuke , Toriyama Manami , Tago Kenji , Mizuno Norikazu , Morishita Kazuhiro , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are a subfamily of GPCRs that are involved in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell migration in various tissues. G protein‐coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS) of aGPCR is required to cleave the extracellular domain autocatalytically, generating two fragments; a N‐terminal fragment (NTF) and a C‐terminal fragment (CTF) containing seven transmembrane structure. NTF can interact with CTF non‐covalently after cleavage, however the physiological significance of the cleavage of aGPCR at GPS, and also the interaction between NTF and CTF have not been fully clarified yet. In this study, we first investigated the expression profiles of two aGPCRs, GPR56/ADGRG1, and LPHN1/ADGRL1 in mouse brain, and found that the NTF and CTF of GPR56 independently expressed in different brain region at different developmental stages. Immunoprecipitation of GPR56CTF co‐immunoprecipitated LPHN1NTF from mouse brain and HEK293T cells expressing both fragments. Stimulation with LPHN1 ligand, α‐Latrotoxin N4C (αLTXN4C), to cells expressing LPHN1NTF and GPR56CTF increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). We also demonstrated that GPR56KO mouse neurons attenuated their Ca2+ response to αLTXN4C. These results suggest the possibility of functional and chimeric complex containing LPHN1NTF and GPR56CTF in neuronal signal transduction.
Subacute exposure to bisphenol F diglycidyl‐ether induces chronic dermatitis characterized by psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in mice
Authors: Kitagawa Kyoko , Shibata Eiji , Yamamoto Megumi , Harada Hiroshi , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Iwashita Toshihide , Oshima Masanobu , Tsuji Mayumi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) is widely used in the synthesis process of plastic products. While exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), which has a similar structure to BFDGE and which is used for the same purpose, has been reported to cause health risks, there is still little information on BFDGE. Because it is estimated that the industrial workers are exposed to large amounts of BFDGE, the health risks associated with BFDGE exposure need to be clarified. We investigated the toxicity of cutaneous exposure to BFDGE using an in vitro evaluation system and a mouse exposure model. The tumorigenic potential of BFDGE was confirmed by the Bhas 42 cell transformation assay, which showed that BFDGE has both promoter and initiator activity, in vitro. A single dermal application of BFDGE was associated with minor contact hypersensitivity symptoms. In contrast, repeated dermal exposure to BFDGE for 2 weeks induced persistent acute inflammation with features similar to inflammation in human psoriasis. This is the first report evaluating the toxicity of BFDGE in animals, and we showed that BFDGE carries a health risk of inducing skin dermatitis similar to that in human psoriasis in an exposure period‐dependent manner.
Subclinical atherosclerosis as detected by carotid ultrasound and associations with cardiac and HIV‐specific risk factors; the Archi‐Prevaleat project
Authors: Maggi Paolo , Ricci Elena Delfina , Muccini Camilla , Galli Laura , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Ferrara Sergio , Salameh Yara , Basile Rosa , Di Filippo Giovanni , Taccari Francesco , Tartaglia Alessandra , Castagna Antonella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) and plaques in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH), the role of cardiovascular risk factors, the impact of the antiretroviral regimens and the difference between naïve and experienced patients in the onset of carotid lesions.MethodsThis project was initiated in 2019 and involves eight Italian centres. Carotid changes were detected using a power colour‐Doppler ultrasonography with 7.5 MHz probes. The following parameters were evaluated: IMT of both the right and left common and internal carotids, data regarding risk factors for cardiovascular disease, HIV viral load, CD4 cell counts, serum lipids, glycaemia and body mass index. The associations between pathological findings and potential risk factors were evaluated by logistical regression, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)s.ResultsAmong 1147 evaluated PLWH, with a mean age of 52 years, 347 (30.2%) had pathological findings (15.8% plaques and 14.5% IMT). Besides the usual risk factors, such as older age, male sex and dyslipidaemia, CD4 cell nadir < 200 cells/mL (adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14–1.99) and current use of raltegravir (adjusted OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01–2.36) were associated with higher prevalence of pathological findings.ConclusionsOur data show that the current overall percentage of carotid impairments remains high. Colour‐Doppler ultrasonography could play a pivotal role in identifying and quantifying atherosclerotic lesions among PLWH, even at a very premature stage, and should be included in the algorithms of comorbidity management of these patients.
Peptidomic insights on structural protein hydrolysis by exopeptidase activities and its effects on bitterness defects of dry‐cured ham
Authors: Xiang Aiyue , Wang Ying , Sun Baoguo , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong , Zhou Changyu , Geng Fang , Pan Daodong , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: December 2022

SummaryExcessive bitterness is a common problem and is related to the hydrolysis of structural proteins degradation in the dry‐cured ham industry. To better understand the effect of structural proteins (myosin, titin, troponin) degradation on sensory development of Jinhua ham, sensory attributes, exopeptidase activities, peptide fragments and cleavage sites of structural proteins were investigated in both premium and defective hams. The results of sensory evaluation and electronic tongue revealed that more than 1.5‐fold values in bitterness intensities and less than 0.67‐fold values in richness intensities were observed in defective ham, compared with premium ham. The activities of exopeptidase were determined, and the results indicated that the residual activities of TPP I in defective ham were higher, while the residual activities of LAP and AAP were lower, compared with premium ham. The large numbers of unique peptide fragments derived from myosin, titin and troponin were identified in defective ham. Several unique cleavage sites including L‐399, L‐1047 and K‐1053 for MYH 1 and MYH 4, K‐257, R‐694, K‐1374 and K‐1651 for MYH 7, and K‐92 and K‐103 for TNN C1 and TNN C2 were only presented in defective ham, which were intensely response to the excessive accumulation of peptides and the development of excessive bitterness in defective ham. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of bitterness defects in dry‐cured ham in the future.
Antibody titres elicited by the 2018 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine decline by 3 months post‐vaccination but persist for at least 6 months
Authors: Mordant Francesca L. , Price Olivia H. , Rudraraju Rajeev , Slavin Monica A. , Marshall Caroline , Worth Leon J. , Peck Heidi , Barr Ian G. , Sullivan Sheena G. , Subbarao Kanta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine is typically offered in April. However, the onset, peak and end of a typical influenza season vary, and optimal timing for vaccination remains unclear. Here, we investigated vaccine‐induced antibody response kinetics over 6 months in different age groups.MethodsWe conducted a prospective serosurvey among 71 adults aged 18–50 years, 15 community‐dwelling (‘healthy’) and 16 aged‐care facility resident (‘frail’) older adults aged ≥65 years who received the 2018 southern hemisphere vaccines. Sera were collected at baseline, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months post‐vaccination. Antibody titres were measured by haemagglutination inhibition or microneutralisation assays. Geometric mean titres were estimated using random effects regression modelling and superimposed on 2014–2018 influenza season epidemic curves.ResultsAntibody titres peaked 1.2–1.3 months post‐vaccination for all viruses, declined by 3 months post‐vaccination but, notably, persisted above baseline after 6 months in all age groups by 1.3‐ to 1.5‐fold against A(H1N1)pdm09, 1.7‐ to 2‐fold against A(H3N2), 1.7‐ to 2.1‐fold against B/Yamagata and 1.8‐fold against B/Victoria. Antibody kinetics were similar among different age groups. Antibody responses were poor against cell‐culture grown compared to egg‐grown viruses.ConclusionsThese results suggest subtype‐specific antibody‐mediated protection persists for at least 6 months, which corresponds to the duration of a typical influenza season.
Influence of fabrication conditions on the structural characteristics and the magnetic properties of FeAl2O4
Authors: Nakane Takayuki , Ishii Satoshi , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Naka Takashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report a systematic evaluation of the magnetic properties of FeAl2O4 focusing on the relationship between the fabrication conditions and its structural characteristics, in order to improve ceramics processing in applications of this material. For this purpose, the most important factor to control is the inversion parameter, expressed as y in the (Fe1−yAly)(Al1−y/2Fey/2)2O4 composition, which is relatively high for the spinel aluminate of a transition metal. The magnetic properties of these samples all show the spin glass phenomenon at low temperatures, and the cusp temperature depends systematically on this y value. This means that the evaluation of these magnetic properties will be an effective way to predict some characteristics of product FeAl2O4. Additionally, this study found an anomaly in the structural and magnetic characteristics of FeAl2O4 fabricated at a low temperature. This is thought to originate in a tiny and a small amount of impurity. It will be key for discussing the quality of chemically synthesized FeAl2O4, which is typically produced at low temperatures.