bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blended PVA/PVP Electro spun nanofibers for Coating Application
Authors: Mohammed R , Jawad H , Al-Zubiedy A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of polymeric blended nanofibres is one of the recent applications in the food and liquid packaging. The current research aims to prepare the nanofibers coatings from the blend of polymeric materials via the electro spinning technique 0.08 weight ratio concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dissolved in water, as well as, (0.2 weight ratio concentration ) of poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used to obtain different volume proportions of (PVA:PVP) solutions include (100:0, 80:20,70:30, 50:50, 20:80, and 0:100). The electro spinning system was organized with pumping conditions (20 kV for the applied voltage, 20 cm pumping distance, 1ml/hr pumping rate) and a needle diameter with 0.4mm diameter. The properties of the polymeric solutions involve (viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity of the liquid) were examined. A scanning electron microscope technique was used to study the surface properties of the prepared films, and the contact angle via the contact angle analyzer was examined. The results of a scanning electron microscope proved that the diameter of the nano fibers increases with increasing the concentration and viscosity of solutions and decreasing its electrical conductivity. Also, the results of the contact angle analyzer showed an increase the hydrophilic property via increasing percentage of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Nano Gold Spheres and Rods: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Ali Saif M. , Al-Karam Logean Qadri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to synthesised nano gold with chemical method with two shape sphere and rod with multi diameter and aspect ratio and then characterize the synthesised material with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Visible ) spectrophotometer. The AFM and TEM characterization result of three samples for each sphere and rods show that the synthesised material are in nano range with diameter 31.9 nm, 36.19 nm and 79.37 nm respectively for nano sphere and diameters 39.9nm, 36.05 nm and 28 nm respectively for nano-rods samples and the UV-Visible spectrophotometer show that peak of surface plasmon resonance of nano-sphere are at wavelengths 532 nm, 535 nm and 546 nm and all are in the visible range and nano-rod have two peaks one in the visible range at wavelengths 525nm,518nm and 531nm and the other peak is in the near infrared range at wavelengths 633nm, 680nm and 875 nm respectively.
Improve X-ray images using quality assurance tests
Authors: Alhamd M. W. , Jary Aqeel Maryoosh , Atiyah Sadeq Naeem , Abbood Nazar Ali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research, entrance surface doses of patients which are resulted from a classical radiograph in most widespread tests (Chest, skull, abdomen, limbs, …) have been measured with selected instruments in (Specialized surgeries hospital) and one of the private clinic in Baghdad, the instruments are of various origins and different make date. A group of patients (10 patients) for each test and according the average of the resulted doses. Comparison of the patient’s doses, in this research, has been close with the reliable International standards and it has been found that radiological doses are bigger than reference doses ranging (132–1.79) in most of the appliance and the range doses to one whenever the instrument is new and the radiographer has good experience, this increase relates to several functions discussed in the research in detail For the importance of the quality assurance of x-ray instruments, three tests have been performed by three of the instruments only, and these tests are :
Beam Alignment test : The Beam Alignment was measured and the x-ray radiograph was found symmetrical round the two axes of the instruments (A, B) but it is about 3 ° away from the vertical axis of the instrument (C).
Optical and Radiation Field Congruence Test: The light field coincides with the radiative field in a and b and their mismatch in c.
Focal Spot Size Test: The radiation focus area was measured by the star tool and what appeared is that the focus of the x-ray instrument (C) is smaller than the international standards on the contrary of the focus area of the x-ray instrument (E) which is identical with the international standards.
From these results reached is that the instruments (A, B) have passed quality assurance tests and they are suitable for work in the present, but the instrument (C) has not passed most of the quality assurance tests, so this instrument should not be used for medical tests This in research is considered the first one for these instruments to evaluate their doses or measure a quality assurance.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dextran coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a T1 Contrast Agent
Authors: Ra’ad Z , Al-Karam L Q , Abid Alsahib N K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This is a second part of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis by co-precipitation method with various PH values. This study includes stabilizing iron oxide nanoparticles with dextran of molecular weight 10000 Da by aqueous route, then study its characteristics with AFM, FTIR and VSM also using the stabilized material as a contrast agent in T1-weighted image then compare the contrast enhancement with gadolinium based commercially available contrast agent (MagnevistTM). Ph values were (7,11,14), all samples were injected to mice bodies then imaged with MRI best result of T1 contrast enhancement was obtained from sample with Ph 14 compared with gadolinium-based T1 contrast agent with no toxic effects.
Non-covalent functionalization of CNTs with Chitosan for drug delivery system
Authors: Magid Mayssam , Al-Karam Logean Qadri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology of drug delivery is a new topic aimed at delivering medications to the desired places, such as tumor tissues, while reducing the chemotherapeutic drug adverse effects on adjacent tissues. A new form of nanomaterial has been discovered, which expands the possibilities for drug delivery systems. The carbon nanotube (CNT) is a novel type of synthetic material that has shown great potential for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drug agents. The initial problem for biomedical applications of CNT has been its hydrophobicity. A major stage in the biomedical application of CNT is proper surface modification or CNT functionalization, in order to prepare well-dispersed and biocompatible CNT in biological fluids.
The goul of this study is to noncovalently functionalize of multi-walled carbon nanotubes conjugated with chitosan in various concentrations for the delivery of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) to breast cancer cell line. After that, characterize and investigate in vitro cell cytotoxicity of f-CNTs with and without Paclitaxel (PTX). The chitosan conjugate was synthesized and the conjugation was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average diameter of MWCNT is 42.27 nm and the MWCNT/CHI is 48.48 nm. MWCNT exhibit stability in polymeric system (CHI) based formulation in terms of greater ζ-potential values with f-CNTs, higher entrapment efficiency was achieved with a maximum efficiency of 200 μg/ml.
MDA-MB-231 cell line was exploited for cytotoxicity evaluations. MWCNT and MWCNT/CHI in different concentrations demonstrated insignificant cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231cell line. Nevertheless, at lower Paclitaxel concentration (100μg/ml), fMWCNTs with PTX demonstrated a considerable reduction in cell viability.
Study of the properties of MgO/Poly methyl methacrylate Nano-composites
Authors: Aldabbagh B , Jawad H , Mahdi R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology applications have recently developed in the field of smart sensors that convert energy from one form to another. Nanotechnology is one important source to renewable energy applications, such as the use of solar energy to generate electrical energy A concentration of 0.2 w/v of poly methyl meta acrylic dissolved in dimethylformamide was prepared using hot plate magnetic stirrer magnetic with a temperature up to 50 ° C, and the mixing continued for an hour. 0.02 Percentage of magnesium oxide nanoparticles was added to (poly methyl methacrylate/dimethylformamide) solution and dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion device. The samples were cast into glass containers to obtain thin films with 0.02 mm diameter after drying for 24 hours.
Infrared assays were conducted to study the interactions between the polymer and the nanoparticles via studying the nature of the bonds. The differential scanning calorimetry test was performed to measure the thermal properties of the samples. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the surface properties of the samples. The energy gap of samples was calculated. The results proved that the interaction between polymer and nanoparticles is physical interaction. The differential thermal calorimeter results also showed that the adding of MgO nanoparticles leads to increase the glass transition temperature by a small value from (80 °C) to (82 °C). On the other hand, the softening point decreases from (132 ° C) to (120 ° C) and melting point decreases from (173 ° C) to (135 ° C) after adding nanoparticles.
As for the results of atomic force microscopy, it was proved that the surface roughness decreases from (2.08 nm) to (1.7 nm) after adding nanoparticles, while the bearing index increases from (0.369) to (0.582). Also, the results of the energy gap proved that the addition of nanoparticles leads to decrease in the energy gap from (4.3 – 4.1) eV, which leads to increase in electrical sensitivity.
Synthesis, Characterization, and NH3Sensing Properties of (Zn0.7Mn0.3-xCexFe2O4) Nano-Ferrite
Authors: Saheb Laith , Al-Saadi Tagreed M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study includes the preparation of novel nano ferrite (Zn0.7Mn0.3-xCexFe2O4) by using the auto combustion technique. For the following molar values, the percentage x was calculated: 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3. The nano-ferrite was calcined for 2 hours at 500°C. The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM was used to examine structural, morphological, and sensing properties. The spinel cubic structure was revealed by XRD findings. The particle distribution was shown to contain voids by FE-SEM. The testing of sensing characteristics to NH3 gas indicated that the synthesized nano-ferrite has a small response time ranging from (15.3-25.2) s as well as a small recovery time between (36-58.5) s, also has a higher sensitivity of about 72.23%.
The optical properties of C\Mg, nano-rods produced by the explosion wire technique
Authors: Hussein Nada. K. , Kadhem S.J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the optical properties of carbon-magnesium plasma resulting from arc discharge with explosive wire technique, where the energy gap of each of carbon and magnesium and the carbon-magnesium bond for three values of the wire exploding current (50,75,100 amperes) was studied. It was found that the energy gap for each of carbon and magnesium decreases with increasing the current, the X-ray diffraction of magnesium and the carbon-magnesium suspension was studied, and FTIR of the carbon-magnesium suspended carbon was studied for three values of the exploding current (50, 75, 100 amperes) and the type of bonds for carbon and magnesium was determined. To obtain deeper insight about the morphology and size distribution of the nano rods obtained from the explosion of a magnesium strip in a carbon suspension images obtained from transmission electron microscope (TEM) image analysis confirmed that the formed nanomaterial is rod-shaped.
Effect of dielectric barrier discharge on conductive properties for epoxy/copper composite
Authors: Khaleel Sarah Faris , Abbas Qusay Adnan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The plasma treatment efficient method used improving and Surface treatment of epoxy and increasing the surface roughness. In this paper, epoxy and epoxy/copper are modified by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) Plasma in presence of air. Modification of the properties of epoxy by preparing doping systems with percentage 1% copper with two different frequencies of the plasma f=7 and 8 kHz and exposure time t =10 min. The results showed a decrease in the energy gap when exposed to plasma and an increase in the surface roughness of epoxy, electrical conductivity of composites increased with temperature.
Influence of bulk defects in SnS absorber layer on optical and electrical properties of solar cell
Authors: Ahmed Mussab J. , Saleh Ayed N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research, the effect of bulk defect on the performance of the solar cell was studied by using the AFORS-HET simulation program. This was done by varying the density of defects including both Acceptor-like and donor-like within the SnS absorption layer. The thickness of the SnS layer was changed from 600nm to 9000nm with the change in bulk defect density in the same layer from (1E10 to 1E17 cm−3). The results showed that when the density of defects is less than 1E14cm−3, it has no effect on the performance of the solar cell, but its effect appears after this concentration, On the contrary, it is the effect of thickness, the results showed that the change in thickness at the defect density of E16cm−3 does not affect on the optical and electrical properties. Also, the results showed that the effect of defects is greatest at low concentrations of Na impurities, and this effect begins to decrease with increasing the concentration of impurities.
Omnidirectional Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz Wireless Communications
Authors: Abdulhussein Alaa M. , Khidhi Ali H. , Naser Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntenna studies on various wireless communication systems have been carried out by many academics. In this research, the omnidirectional microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is proposed, manufactured, and tested. The operating bandwidth of the antenna is quite suitable for the different applications. The proposed antenna fabricated on the flame retardant (FR-4) substrate with a volume of 75.85 × 57.23 × 1.59 mm3. Computer simulation technology (CST) studio used to design and simulate. Experimental results show that the return loss (RL), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and input impedance (Zin) are -25.26 dB, 61 MHz, 1.12 and 54.46 Ω, respectively. The antenna operates at 2.42 GHz (from 2.39 to 2.45 GHz), which has good performance in the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee communications.
Tapered coated coreless optical fiber pollution sensor
Authors: Ali B Sura , Al – Bassam Soudad S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This project is centered on the design and implementation of a pollution-sensitive optical fiber using a No core optical fiber. The sensors are used for estimating refractive indices and concentrations of various contaminated water (dirty pond water (contains mud and animal excrement), chemically contaminated water, oiled water, drainage water is an environmental pollutant, Sodium chloride water and sucrose water) and distilled water (The refractive index was measured in the laboratory with an Abbe refractometer device) as well as for evaluating the performance parameters such as sensitivity (11.11μm/RIU for tapered sensor 10min and 11.13μm/RIU for tapered sensor 20min) and resolution (0.000069 RIU for tapered No core 10min and 0.000079 RIU for 20min tapered) of sensor (multimode fiber-no core fiber-multimode fiber), with 40 nm thick gold (Au) metal film of the exposed sensing region).
Fabrication and Characterization of Self-Powered Photosensor Based on Nanostructure TiO2/natural Dyes
Authors: Al-Taay H.F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-powered photosensor is fabricated based on nanostructure TiO2/natural dyes. TiO2 nanostructured thin film was prepared on FTO/glass substrates by hydrothermal method. Surface morphology, crystalline structure, as well as optical properties of the prepared sample are investigated. Three types of natural dyes, pomegranate, aubergine, and coffee are used as an active layer (absorber) of the fabricated photosensor. However, the solution of dye was casted onto TiO2 and left to dry naturally and carbon/FTO was used as a back contact of the device. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristic under dark and light case was characterized for all prepared sensors. Besides, the fabricated sensors appeared good response to whit light under zero bias voltage. Sensitivity, raise and decay time of the prepared photosensor are calculated.
Analytical Study of the Royal-Jelly Effect on Sperms Morphological Characteristics and some Liver Function Parameters and their Correlation with some Antioxidants in Male Albino Rats Treated with Pregabalin Drug
Authors: Salih L. A. , Nawar M.H. , Muuhsen S. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the consideration of natural products as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative treatments has more interested worldwide. Moreover, natural products are easily obtained and are relatively safe the Royal jelly (RJ) is one of them. The current study was carried to evaluate the effects of pregabalin (PGB) on physiological activity of sperms, reproductive hormones assay and some biochemical analysis. Forty (40) male albino rats (10-weeks-old) were divided into four groups (10 rats each): G1 (treated with PGB drug, 150 mg/kg B.wt (Lyrica-Pfizer-Pharmaceutical Industries), G2 (treated with RJ 1g/kg), G3 (treated with PGB drug and RJ together), and G4 control treated with normal saline only. all groups were treated orally via stomach tube for 60 consecutive days.. PGB caused a significant reduction in sperm count, sperm viability, motility and sperm abnormality percent, serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels, the co-administration of RJ caused normal level of the previous tests near the control group level. Results of the lipid profile and some the present results of the liver function parameters showed increased concentrations in PGB-treated group, but after treated with RJ the levels were recovered to normal level. In the studied antioxidants markers, the results appeared high level in malondialdehyde (MDA) and low level in the antioxidants enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) the RJ was appeared direct effect on MDA and showed decreased concentration of MDA and increased levels in the studied antioxidants enzymes of the PGB group which treated with RJ.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Al-Jaberi Layth , Al-Saraj Al-Saraj K. Wissam , Sahar Al-Serai Al-Serai J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study to investigate the behaviour of Metakaolin based GPC mixes with and without cement and containing recycled concrete aggregate. Three (3) GPC mixes and Normal Concrete mix (NC) designed mingled and tested to achieve the goals of this research. Control specimens were cast from each mix to determine the mechanical properties for each mix. (12) SEM micrographs from carefully selected samples. SEM study confirmed that the presence of recycled concrete aggregate can be a source of generating cracks and fissures. The un-hydrated cement particles in recycled aggregate can contribute to further hydration when contact with water. Also, the metakaolin based GPC matrix with natural aggregate showed enormous with unrealized morphology, which indicates amorphous. Finally, the replacement of 20% of Metakaolin with cement led to enhance mechanical properties.
Growth Time Influence on Optical and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Nanorods Prepared via Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Salman Odai N. , Ismail Mukhlis M. , Ali Thamir Hassen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
On a fluorine doped tin oxide (F: SnO2) coated glass substrate, TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) were produced, successfully generated hydrothermally with an extended period of time (4, 6, 10, 20 and 30 h). Growth time and their effects on, morphological, structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of Titanium dioxide nanorods (NRs) were investigated by, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy methods. X-ray diffraction revealed the development of TiO2 nanorods in the tetragonal rutile structure of the produced TiO2 NRs with the maximum (002) peak strength. NRs had a tetragonal shape with square top facets, according to images showed by a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The range of nanorods’ diameter were detected to be (40.05-225.26) nm, respectively based on FESEM measurements. While Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed a wide, band about 2952 cm-1. TiO2 NRs’ optical and electrical characteristics have been investigated. According to optical absorption tests, there was no discernible change in band distance with increasing growth time. For TiO2 nanorods primed with 4, 6, 10, 20 and 30 hours of reaction period, the band gap energy was found to be 3.14, 3.0, 3.12, 3.1, and 3.09 eV. The value of the energy gap reduced as reaction time increased from 4 to 30 hours, then increased as reaction time increased.
Superconductivity of BSCCO Compound Substituted Partially by Zr Nanoparticles at Bi Site
Authors: Jassim A K , Abbas M M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High-temperature superconductors with a nominal composition Bi2-
xZrxPb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy for (0≤x≤0.3) were prepared by solid-state reaction method. Effects of the Zr nanoparticles substitution at Bi sites have been studied to obtain the optimum concentration for the formation and stabilization of the superconducting samples. Electrical resistivity measurements of the samples showed that the higher critical temperature TC was found at 118 K, which is for the composition Bi1.95Zr0.05Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy. Semiconductor behavior noticed for samples with concentration higher than 0.2. The X-ray diffraction results for all superconducting samples showed an orthorhombic structure with two phases, 2223 high-TC phase and 2212 low-TC phase. The scanning electron microscope has been used to identify the morphology of the superconducting phase. The plate-like grains of the high Bi-2223 phase appeared in most samples besides changes in morphology of the samples with increasing dopant concentration
Indoor and Outdoor Fire Localization Using YOLO Algorithm
Authors: Nori Ruba R. , Farhan Rabah N. , Abed Safaa Hussein 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Novel algorithm for fire detection has been introduced. CNN based System localization of fire for real time applications was proposed. Deep learning algorithms shows excellent results in a way that it accuracy reaches very high accuracy for fire image dataset. Yolo is a superior deep learning algorithm that is capable of detect and localize fires in real time. The luck of image dataset force us to limit the system in binary classification test. Proposed model was tested on dataset gathered from the internet. In this article, we built an automated alert system integrating multiple sensors and state-of-the art deep learning algorithms, which have a limited number of false positive elements and which provide our prototype robot with reasonable accuracy in real-time data and as little as possible to track and record fire events as soon as possible.