bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Impact of Quarantine Policies for Recovered COVID-19 Cases in England: A Case Cohort Study of Surveillance Data, June to December 2020
Authors: Merrick Rachel , Chudasama Dimple , Flannagan Joe , Campos-Matos Ines , Howard Annabelle , Bindra Renu , Gill Noël , Dabrera Gavin , Lamagni Theresa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
From 12th March 2020, individuals in England were advised to quarantine in their home if a household member tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. A mandatory isolation period of 10 days was introduced on 28th September 2020 and applied to all individuals with COVID-19. We assessed the frequency, timing, and characteristics of recovered COVID-19 cases requiring subsequent quarantine episodes due to household re-exposure.
Methods
In this case cohort study, all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases notified in England (29th June to 28th December 2020) were analysed to identify consecutive household case(s). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between case characteristics and need to quarantine following recent infection (within 28 days of diagnosis).
Results
Among 1,651,550 cases resident in private dwellings and Houses of Multiple Occupancy (HMOs), 56,179 (3.4%) were succeeded by further household cases diagnosed within 11–28 days of their diagnosis. Of 1,641,412 cases arising in private homes, the likelihood of further household cases was highest for Bangladeshi (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 2.10–2.31) and Pakistani (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 2.08–2.22) individuals compared to White British, as well as among young people (17-24y vs. 25-64y; aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.16–1.22), men (vs. women; aOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04–1.08), London residents (vs. Yorkshire and Humber; aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.52–1.63) and areas of high deprivation (IMD 1 vs. 10; aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.09–1.19).
Conclusions
Policies requiring quarantine on re-exposure of recently recovered cases differentially impact some of the most disadvantaged populations. Quarantine exemption for individuals recently (< 28 days) recovered from COVID-19 could mitigate the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic.
Correlation between COVID-19 Infection Rate and Atmospheric Environmental Factors in Seoul Metropolitan City, South Korea
Authors: Choi Won , Kim Ki-Youn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze whether the change in the COVID-19 virus infection rate is affected by atmospheric environmental factors in Seoul metropolitan city of South Korea. The research period of this study is from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The correlation relationship between the COVID-19 virus infection rate and atmospheric environmental factors such as PM10, PM2.5, temperature, and humidity was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. In the correlation between PM10 and PM2.5 and the COVID-19 virus infection rate, correlation coefficient between PM10 and infection rate was r = 0.114(p = 0.019), showing a positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and infection rate was r = 0.147(p = 0.002), which indicates a higher positive correlation than PM10. In the correlation between thermal factors and infection rate, the correlation coefficients between temperature and infection rate and between relative humidity and infection rate were r= -0.527(p = 0.000) and r= -0.91(p = 0.060), respectively. Unlike PM10 and PM2.5, temperature and relative humidity showed a negative correlation with the infection rate. Except for relative humidity, PM10, PM2.5 and temperature had statistically significant correlations with the infection rate (p < 0.05). Based on the results obtained from this study, it is recommended to avoid outdoor activities as much as possible in weather with high PM10 and PM2.5 and low temperature and humidity.
Predictors of ICU Admission in Adult Cancer Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department for COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Majzoub Imad , kalot Nour , Khalifeh Malak , Estelly Natalie , Zahran Tharwat El 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Study Objective: Adult cancer patients with COVID-19 were shown to be at higher risk of ICU admission. Previously published prediction models showed controversy and enforced the importance of heterogeneity among different populations studied. The aim of this study was to detect the predictors of ICU admission for adult COVID-19 patients with cancer who present to the emergency department (ED).Methods: Theis a retrospective cohort study. It was conducted on adult cancer patients older than 18 years who presented to the EDof the American University of Beirut MedicalCenter from February 21, 2020, till February 21, 2021, and were found to have COVID-19 infection. Relevant electronic data were extracted. The association between different variables and ICU admission was tested. Logistic regression was done to adjust for confounding variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Eighty-nine distinct patients were included. About 37% were admitted to the ICU (n=33). Higher ICU admission was seen in patients who had received chemotherapy within one month, had a respiratory rate at triage > 22 breaths per minute, an oxygen saturation < 95%, and/or a higher CRP upon presentation to the ED. After adjusting for confounding variables only recent chemotherapy and higher respiratory rate at triage were significantly associated with ICU admission. Conclusion: Physicians need to be vigilant when taking care of covid infected oncology patients. Patients who are tachypneic at presentation and those who have had chemotherapy within one month are at high risk for ICU admission.
Evaluation of Short-Term Efficacy and Safety of Neuroendoscopy in The Treatment of Patients with Brain Abscess
Authors: Cheng Li , Song Ping , Bai WenHui , Zhou Long , Li Zhiyang , Wang Wenju , Wei Hangyu , Lei Pan , Chen Qianxue , Sun Daofa , Cai Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Brain abscess remains a challenging clinical problem with a substantial fatality rate.Objective: The purpose of current study was to analyze the short-term efficacy and safety of neuroendoscopic therapy in patients with brain abscesses.Methods: A retrospective, uncontrolled, single-center study was conducted using a cohort of 61 patients with brain abscesses who were admitted to Renmin hospital of wuhan university between October 2016 and October 2021. The patients were divided into three groups based on the surgical approach used, including 12 cases of neuroendoscopic drainage or abscess resection, 20 cases of burr-hole drainage, and 29 cases of craniotomy abscess resection. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze and compare clinical data, surgical efficacy, postoperative complications, and follow-up indicators. Data were compared via one-way analysis of variance and the chi-square test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Compared with the burr-hole drainage group and the craniotomy group, the neuroendoscopy group had the highest rate of effective surgery (p = 0.020). In that same group the mean postoperative hospital stay was the shortest (p = 0.040), the mean total hospitalization cost was the lowest (p = 0.017), the number of intracranial complications was the lowest (p = 0.035), and the mean 28‑day follow-up Glasgow Outcome score was the highest (p = 0.046).Conclusion: Neuroendoscopic treatment of brain abscess is associated with definite curative effects, few complications, and rapid post-operative recovery, and may thus represent the optimal treatment in some patients.
Global accretionary orogenesis triggered the Cambrian Explosion of life
Authors: Zhu Mingshuai , Zhang Fuqin , Zhang Yinggang , Pastor-Galán Daniel , Mills Benjamin , Smit Matthijs , Guilmette Carl , Miao Laicheng , Li Shun , Yang Shunhu , Ganbat Ariuntsetseg , Wang Zeli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The Cambrian Explosion (541-515 Myr ago) is arguably the most significant evolutionary transition after the origin of life1-2. A variety of environmental perturbations have been correlated to this rapid animal species diversification1-3. Increased weathering fluxes from the continents to the oceans are hypothesized to cause these perturbations4-6, but why such enhanced weathering occurred is unknown. We document two newly discovered eclogite occurrences within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). These eclogites recorded Cambrian deep subduction of continental crust and consequent mountain building during arc-continent collisions concomitant to the Cambrian Explosion. Correlative metamorphic belts of the same age occur across the CAOB indicating a continental subduction front (>3,500 km) larger than that of the modern Himalaya. The CAOB, along with Gondwana’s peripheral orogens, provide a unique and unrecognized global accretionary orogen (>18,500 km) for the Cambrian Earth, larger than the so-far recognized Cambrian collisional orogen during Gondwana assembly4. Our biogeochemical modelling results suggest that the increased weathering of phosphorus from these accretionary orogenic belts would stimulate marine primary productivity, increase atmospheric O2, and promote the expansion of shallow-ocean oxygenation at a time coincident with the Cambrian Explosion.
β-Sitosterol improves acute nephritis in rats by inhibiting inflammasome and activating autophagy
Authors: Lu jianrao , Hu jing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
β-sitosterol is a compound found in many plants and has a variety of biological activities, including immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study is to test its anti-inflammatory ability through a mouse model of acute nephritis. Methods: Acute nephritis mouse model was established by intravenous injection of antibodies. Pathological examination was used to test the therapeutic effect of β-sitosterol on model rats. Furthermore, the expression of related molecules was detected by ELASA. Results: β-sitosterol improved acute nephritis by repairing renal function, proteinuria and renal pathology, especially reducing cell crescents, neutrophil influx, glomerular fibrinoid necrosis and glomerulonephritis activity scores. β-sitosterol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome mediated inflammasome initiation signal, enhances sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/autophagy axis and inhibits the secretion of NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusion: β-sitosterol represents a new drug candidate for the treatment of acute nephritis, which can reduce the kidney damage in model rats by enhancing the SIRT1/autophagy axis and reducing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Risk Factors and Predictive Nomograms for Early Death of Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Large Retrospective Study Based on the SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Haidong , Du Xuanlong , Dong Hui , Xu Wenjing , Zhou Pengcheng , Liu Shiwei , Qing Xin , Zhang Yu , Yang Meng , Zhang Yewei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of tumor with insidious early symptoms and high invasiveness, and it is often in the advanced stage when clinically discovered. Patients with advanced HCC have a higher risk of early death (survival time ≤ 3 months). This study aims to identify the risk factors of early death in patients with advanced HCC and establish predictive nomograms.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with stage IV HCC between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for model establishment and verification. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors, which were used to construct nomograms. The concordance index (C-index) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The calibration curves and the decision curves analysis (DCA) were used to verify the true consistency and clinical application value of the models. Internal validation was performed using bootstrapping (1000 re-samplings) and cross-validation (k = 10).
Results
A total of 6799 patients were selected from the SEER database. After strict screening conditions, 1392 patients with stage IVA HCC and 5,211 patients with stage IVB HCC were finally identified. 621 (44.6%) patients in stage IVA and 3271 (62.8%) patients in stage IVB experienced early death. 9 risk factors related to early death of patients with stage IVA and 10 risk factors related to early death of patients with stage IVB were finally identified. Reliable nomograms were constructed using the above risk factors. Internal verification showed that the nomograms had good accuracy for predicting early death. The DCA showed that the nomograms had good clinical applicability.
Conclusion
The nomograms are helpful for clinicians and oncologists to identify the risk factors for early death of patients with advanced HCC and predict the probability of early death, so as to accurately select individualized treatment plans.
Efficacy of intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Niu Ying , Bai Nan , Ma Ying , Zhong Peng-Yu , Shang Yao-Sheng , Wang Zhi-Lu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Traditional angiography only displays two-dimensional images of the coronary arteries during stent implantation. However, intravascular imaging can show the structure of the vascular wall, plaque characteristics. This article aims to evaluate the efficacy of intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation.Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of intravascular imaging-guided, including patients with stent implantation guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) and traditional angiography. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, web of science, and Cochrane Library were searched. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR). The secondary outcomes included the target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), cardiac death, all-cause death, and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the 6-24 months follow-up. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome event. Meanwhile, the trial sequence analysis was employed to evaluate the results.Result: This meta-analysis included eighteen randomized controlled trials with 10413 patients. Compared with angiography-guided stent implantation, intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation can significantly reduce the risk of TLR (RR 0.62, 0.49-0.77, P＜0.0001), TVR (RR 0.65, 0.52-0.81, P = 0.0001), cardiac death (RR 0.59; 0.39-0.91; P =0.02) , ST (RR 0.54, 0.30-0.97; P = 0.04) and MACE (RR 0.81, 0.71-0.93; P = 0.003), while there was no significant difference regarding MI (RR 0.78, 0.61-1.00, P = 0.05) and all-cause death (RR 0.85, 0.58-1.27, P = 0.44).Conclusions: Compared with angiography, intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD 42021289205).
A Kirigami-enabled Electrochromic Wearable Variable Emittance (WeaVE) Device for Energy-Efficient Adaptive Personal Thermoregulation
Authors: Chen Ting-Hsuan , Hong Yaoye , Fu Ching-Tai , Nandi Ankita , Xie Wanrong , Yin Jie , Hsu Po-Chun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For centuries, people have put effort to improve the thermal performance of clothing to adapt to varying temperatures. However, most clothing we wear today only offers a single-mode insulation. The adoption of active thermal management devices, such as resistive heaters, Peltier coolers, and water recirculation are limited by their excessive energy consumption and form factor for long-term, continuous, and personalized thermal comfort. In this paper, we developed a wearable variable-emittance device (WeaVE), enabling the tunable radiative heat transfer coefficient to fill the missing gap between thermoregulation energy efficiency and controllability. WeaVE is an electrically driven, kirigami-enabled electrochromic thin-film device that can effectively tune the mid-infrared thermal radiation heat loss of the human body. The kirigami designs provide stretchability and conformal deformation attached to the human body surface, and the electronic control enables programmable personalized thermoregulation. With less than 5.58 mJ/cm2 energy input per switching, WeaVE provides 4.9°C expansion of the thermal comfort zone, which is equivalent to a continuous power input of 33.9 W/m2. This non-volatile characteristic substantially decreases the required energy while maintaining the on-demand controllability, thereby providing vast opportunities for the next generation of smart personal thermal managing fabrics and wearable technologies.
Evaluation of Blood Perfusion Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry During Endoscopic Lumbar Sympathectomy in Patients with Plantar Hyperhidrosis: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Lee Yea-Chan , You Young Kyung , Lee Sungsoo , Moon Duk Hwan , Lee Ji-Won 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether monitoring the changes of skin blood flow may be effective in assessing blood perfusion during endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy (ELS) in patients with plantar hyperhidrosis.
Methods
In this study, a total of 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for plantar hyperhidrosis at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between July 2020 and December 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Sympathetic denervation was performed on the third lumbar ganglion, and intraoperative laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to detect the lumbar sympathetic chain accurately.
Results
We observed an abrupt increase of peripheral blood flow after sympathetic denervation, and the median percent changes of perfusion unit were 173.27 (inter-quartile range, IQR 195.48) and 392.98 (IQR 597.27) for the left and right sympathectomies, respectively.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the efficacy of monitoring skin blood flow via LDF during ELS. This result suggests that exact detection of blood flow using LDF is essential for improving the accuracy of ELS by checking the perfusion site on the sole in patients with plantar hyperhidrosis.
Quality and Potential Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Asante Akim Central Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Sakyi Samuel , Appiah-Adjei Emmanuel Kwame , Asare Albert , Asante Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study assesses the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation, and its potential health risk to the populace in an area where illegal artisanal mining is prevalent and known to have polluted streams and rivers, making groundwater their key potable water source. The methods employed involved well-distributed sampling of the groundwater in both wet and dry seasons, determining their physicochemical and bacteriological constituents, and assessing its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. Statistical analysis, Piper and Gibb’s diagrams were used to reveal the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater, World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values and Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied to assess its overall suitability for drinking while Magnesium Hazard (MH), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Percent Sodium (% Na) and Permeability Index (PI) were utilized to assess the suitability of the groundwater for irrigation. The results indicate Ca-HCO3 and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl as the prevalent water types in the area in both seasons. The calculated WQI classed 95 % of the water as excellent and good for domestic use in both seasons while the remaining 5 % was classed as very poor due mainly to high arsenic (As) levels. Computed non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the As through ingestion exposures showed children were more vulnerable to potential cancer risk than adults. On the other hand, the groundwater was generally found to be suitable for irrigation in both seasons. Thus, the study provides useful information for groundwater use and pollution control in the area.
Polarized th2 cells attenuates high-fat-diet induced obesity through the suppression of lipogenesis
Authors: Dong Lijun , Gao Jingtao , Yu Lu , Liu Shibo , Zhao Yuxin , Zhang Wen , Liang Yinming , Wang Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Immune cells such as macrophages, B cells, neutrophils and T cell subsets are involved in obesity. However, the tissue-specific function of Th2 cells in adipose tissue remains unknown. We show here that adoptive transfer of polarized Th2 cells to CD3ε knockout (CD3ε−/−) mice attenuates obesity after high-fat-diet (HFD), accompanied by relieved hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, Th2 cell treatment promoted oxidative phosphorylation of adipocytes, contributing to the decrease of lipid droplet accumulation. Our data indicate that Th2 cell treatment is a novel approach to the treatment of diet-induced obesity and other diseases involving lipid droplet accumulation disorders.
How Effective Are Lignin And Extractive Content-Based Multiple (Non)-Linear Regression And Artificial Neural Network Models In The Estimation Of HHV?
Authors: Demirci Sevilay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cellulose, lignin and extractive material are mixed in certain proportions by having isolated from lignocellulosic materials, such as Zeyrek stem, hazelnut shell and Scotch pine, respectively. Their higher heating values (HHVs) are determined by using a bomb calorimeter system. Estimated HHVs are calculated by applying these mixture ratios to some Multiple (Non)-Linear Regression (M(N)LR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models from the literature. MLR3 model is developed from the data of this study and this model reveals the highest R2 (0.974), lowest MAPE (0.012) and RMSE (0.278) values. The closest estimation accuracy to the MLR3 model is obtained from MLR2 (R2:0.972, MAPE:0.066 and RMSE:1.714) in the comparative analysis. MNLR and ANN equations containing quadratic terms are found to show deviations up to 132.6% (ANN3). It is attributed to the lower size and poor homogeneity of the individual group of samples from which model equations are developed.