bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a multi-strain probiotic administration on peri-rectal colonization with drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in preterm neonates
Authors: Sowden Marwyn , van Niekerk Evette , Bulabula Andre Nyandwe Hamama , Dramowski Angela , Whitelaw Andrew , Twisk Jos , van Weissenbruch Mirjam Maria 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundInfections caused by drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (DR-GNB) are a major health concern for hospitalized preterm neonates, globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on the incidence of rectal colonization with DR-GNB in preterm neonates.MethodsA double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted including 200 neonates, randomly allocated to a multi-strain probiotic (n = 100) or placebo (n = 100).ResultsFifteen percent of the neonates showed peri-rectal colonization with DR-GNB on the day of enrolment indicating probable maternal-to-neonate (vertical) bacterial transmission or environmental acquisition at time of delivery, with no difference between groups. Acquisition of further DR-GNB colonization was rapid, with an increase from 15% on the day enrolment to 77% by day 7 and 83% by day 14 of life. By day 7 (corresponding to early gut colonization), neonates in the probiotic group were 57% less likely to have peri-rectal DR-GNB colonization [OR: 0.43 (0.20–0.95); p = 0.04] and by day 14 (corresponding to late gut colonization), neonates in the probiotic group were 93% less likely to have peri-rectal DR-GNB colonization [OR: 0.07 (0.02–0.23); p &lt; 0.001].ConclusionHospitalized neonates showed substantial peri-rectal colonization with DR-GNB at enrolment and further rapid acquisition of DR-GNB in the first 2 weeks of life. The use of a multi-strain probiotic was effective in reducing early and late neonatal gut colonization with DR-GNB.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe trial was registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202011513390736).
Non-covalent cyclic peptides simultaneously targeting Mpro and NRP1 are highly effective against Omicron BA.2.75
Authors: Yin Shengnan , Mei Shuang , Li Zhiqin , Xu Zhen , Wu Yuting , Chen Xiujuan , Liu Dongmei , Niu Miao-Miao , Li Jindong 
Published: November 2022

Available vaccine-based immunity may at high risk of being evaded due to substantial mutations in the variant Omicron. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and human neuropilin-1 (NRP1), two less mutable proteins, have been reported to be crucial for SARS-CoV-2 replication and entry into host cells, respectively. Their dual blockade may avoid vaccine failure caused by continuous mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and exert synergistic antiviral efficacy. Herein, four cyclic peptides non-covalently targeting both Mpro and NRP1 were identified using virtual screening. Among them, MN-2 showed highly potent affinity to Mpro (Kd = 18.2 ± 1.9 nM) and NRP1 (Kd = 12.3 ± 1.2 nM), which was about 3,478-fold and 74-fold stronger than that of the positive inhibitors Peptide-21 and EG3287. Furthermore, MN-2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Mpro and remarkable anti-infective activity against the pseudotyped variant Omicron BA.2.75 without obvious cytotoxicity. These data demonstrated that MN-2, a novel non-covalent cyclic peptide, is a promising agent against Omicron BA.2.75.
Detection of NH3 in poultry housing based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy combined with a micro circular absorption cell
Authors: Wang Ke , Guo Rui , Zhou Yunhai , Jiao Leizi , Dong Daming 
Published: November 2022

Accurate monitoring of ammonia has decisive significance for the environmental control of poultry housing. Existing sensors based on semiconductor or electrochemistry have the defects of short life, severe baseline drift and delayed response when facing the harsh environment of poultry housing. In this work, we developed a portable sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with a micro circular absorption cell for sensitive detection of ammonia in poultry housing. The micro circular absorption cell has a volume of only 25 ml, but the effective absorption path is up to 5 m, which allows the sensor to achieve the ability of less than 15 s response time and 0.2 ppm measurement accuracy. The results of continuous monitoring for 6 days showed that the ammonia concentration in the range of 0–6 ppm was accurately detected in a poultry house with 36 roosters. Through analyzing dynamic changes in ammonia concentration, we successfully identified some abnormal activity caused by humans or weather. Therefore, our sensor has performances of accurate, stable, real-time measurement of ammonia and can provide strong technical support for environmental control of poultry housing.
The intervention dilemma and high burden of children with autism in Guizhou province, Southwest China
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhou Fang , Qin Jixuan , Lin Yong , Li Tonghuan , Zhu Chengyong , Long Fang , Wang Xike , Hu Xiao , Zhou Hao 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly disabling neurodevelopmental disorder, and the burden is high. Data on the burden of ASD are limited in China, especially in the southwest. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the intervention status and burden of children with ASD in Southwest China.Materials and methodsFamilies of children with ASD were recruited from hospitals, special education schools, and private rehabilitation centers; they participated in the survey and completed the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the questionnaire results, which included basic demographic characteristics, rehabilitation status, and burden. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the association of basic family demographic characteristics, rehabilitation status, and costs of ASD.ResultsA total of 231 families of children with ASD participated in this survey, and 78.35% (181/231) of the children with ASD were male. The mean age was 4.34 ± 2.09 years. A total of 55.84% (129/231) of the children with ASD had an intellectual disability. Only 46.32% (107/231) started receiving intervention within 1 month after diagnosis. The institutions for rehabilitation interventions for children with ASD were mainly tertiary hospitals (39.39%), special education schools (29.87%) and private rehabilitation institutions (21.64%). For a total of 42.86% (99/231) of the children with ASD, the duration of the intervention was less than 10 h per week. A total of 74.89% (173/231) of the children with ASD received a rehabilitation intervention at home. A total of 66.67% of the parents were satisfied with the treatment. The monthly cost of medical intervention for the patients of children with autism was 7,225 ± 474 RMB ($1,134 ± 74), and the non-medical intervention cost was 2,133 ± 107 RMB ($334 ± 17). The annual burden of patients with autism was 86,700 ± 5,688 RMB ($13,596 ± 892). The estimated total annual burden of ASD was 5.548 billion RMB ($870 million) in Guizhou province.ConclusionThe results revealed that rehabilitation resources are limited and that the burden of ASD is high in Guizhou province; therefore, improving the rehabilitation status and easing the burden of children with ASD is urgent in these regions.
Impact of the eHealth literacy, knowledge and attitudes on COVID-19 prevention behavior among residents in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Yuan Ting , Li Xiang Dong , Zhang Ming , Tao Xiu Bin , Xu Shu Juan , Liu Huan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe pandemic of COVID-19 continues to challenge people's health worldwide. In the second year of the pandemic, adherence to COVID-19 preventive behavior is key to continuing efforts to overcome the epidemic. This study aims to assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and prevention behavior (KAP) and electronic health literacy (eHealth literacy) among Anhui residents in China.MethodsFrom January 30 to March 27, 2021, the cross-sectional study was performed among Anhui residents in China, including 16 cities. An online survey was adopted to assess KAP regarding COVID-19, and eHealth, involving a total of 2,122 citizens. Following informed consent, residents were recruited by convenience sampling. Frequencies and proportions were calculated. Additionally, Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the variables. Independent predictors of preventive behavior of COVID-19 were ascertained using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultResidents demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitudes, acceptable practices, and good eHealth literacy. Online news and WeChat are the main health information resources. Citizens who had good knowledge, a positive attitude, good eHealth, and did not participate in the online lectures or training COVID-19 were more likely to take preventive measures. Those with poor health, who were male, did not have family members working in health care facilities, and did not work in a face-to-face environment were less likely to take precautions. Compared with a master's degree and above, participants with middle school education level and below took preventive behavior sometimes. Residents who browse the COVID-19 webpage &lt;15 min weekly seldom took preventive actions.ConclusionThe study showed that in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese residents had adequate knowledge of COVID-19, positive attitudes, appropriate preventive practices, and basic eHealth literacy. To prevent the rebound of the COVID-19 epidemic, the government and health agencies should inform citizens concerning which information channels or websites to use and assist the underprivileged population who lacks basic infrastructure. In addition, increasing the level of knowledge and attitude, enhancing eHealth literacy and the Health Belief Model (HBM), and implementing the Health Code were seen as ways to reinforce adherence to preventive behavior. Targeting men, implementing public awareness campaigns, community engagement strategies, and health education programs are recommended.
Ultra-widefield color fundus photography combined with high-speed ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography for non-invasive detection of lesions in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Li Jie , Wei Dingyang , Mao Mingzhu , Li Mengyu , Liu Sanmei , Li Fang , Chen Li , Liu Miao , Leng Hongmei , Wang Yiya , Ning Xinru , Liu Yi , Dong Wentao , Zhong Jie 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo compare the detection rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) lesions and the agreement of DR severity grading using the ultra-widefield color fundus photography (UWF CFP) combined with high-speed ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF SS-OCTA) or fluorescein angiography (FFA).MethodsThis prospective, observational study recruited diabetic patients who had already taken the FFA examination from November 2021 to June 2022. These patients had either no DR or any stage of DR. All participants were imaged with a 200° UWF CFP and UWF SS-OCTA using a 24 × 20 mm scan model. Images were independently evaluated for the presence or absence of DR lesions including microaneurysms (MAs), intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH), non-perfusion areas (NPAs), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs), venous beading (VB), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), neovascularization of the optic disc (NVD), and vitreous or preretinal hemorrhage (VH/PRH). Agreement of DR severity grading based on UWF CFP plus UWF SS-OCTA and UWF CFP plus FFA was compared. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V.26.0.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-three eyes of 86 participants were enrolled in the study. The combination of UWF CFP with UWF SS-OCTA showed a similar detection rate compared with UWF CFP plus FFA for all the characteristic DR lesions (p&gt;0.05), except NPAs (p = 0.039). Good agreement was shown for the identification of VB (κ = 0.635), and very good agreement for rest of the DR lesions between the two combination methods (κ-value ranged from 0.858 to 0.974). When comparing the grading of DR severity, very good agreement was achieved between UWF CFP plus UWF SS-OCTA and UWF CFP plusr FFA (κ = 0.869).ConclusionUWF CFP plus UWF SS-OCTA had a very good agreement in detecting DR lesions and determining the severity of DR compared with UWF CFP plus FFA. This modality has the potential to be used as a fast, reliable, and non-invasive method for DR screening and monitoring in the future.
Low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (DeRitis) ratio assists in predicting diabetes in Chinese population
Authors: Xie Wangcheng , Yu Weidi , Chen Shanshan , Ma Zhilong , Yang Tingsong , Song Zhenshun 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFew studies discussed the predictive ability of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT, DeRitis) ratio for diabetes risk. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of AST/ALT ratio in the prediction of Chinese diabetes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed a Chinese population comprising 87,883 participants without diabetes at baseline between 2010 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was performed to investigate the non-linear correlation between AST/ALT ratio and diabetes risk.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 3.01 years, 1,877 participants developed diabetes. Comparing the baseline characteristics, diabetes group exhibited lower AST/ALT ratio. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that participants with low AST/ALT ratio had higher cumulative incidence, and Cox regression also demonstrated that the lower AST/ALT ratio, the higher diabetes risk (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37–0.85, P = 0.006). The RCS model revealed a non-linear correlation between AST/ALT ratio and diabetes risk. In the condition of AST/ALT ratio ≤1.18, diabetes risk increased as it decreased (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19–0.91, P = 0.028). In contrast, AST/ALT ratio did not independently affect diabetes when beyond 1.18.ConclusionAST/ALT ratio is a valuable predictor of diabetes. Diabetes risk increases rapidly in the condition of AST/ALT ratio ≤1.18.
Role of patient safety attitudes between career identity and turnover intentions of new nurses in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Man , Zheng Xutong , Chen Changchang , Fang Jiaxin , Liu Huan , Zhang Xiancui , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPatient safety is a key priority for healthcare systems, which is not only about the safety and quality development of health care but also about the safety of patients' lives. However, there has been little research exploring the relationship between new nurses' willingness to leave, patient safety culture, and professional identity. This study was to explore patient safety for new nurses, examine the relationship between professional identity, patient safety culture, and turnover intentions of newly recruited nurses in China, and validate the mediating role of patient safety culture.MethodsFrom August 2019 to September 2021, we collected data from newly recruited nurses in 5 large tertiary public hospitals in Anhui Province, China using a questionnaire survey. Descriptive analysis, a univariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediated regression analysis were used to estimate the current status of patient safety attitudes and the effect of safety culture on career identity and turnover intentions among newly recruited nurses.ResultsThe turnover intention of 816 newly recruited nurses was 14.16 ± 3.14%. Patient safety culture was positively associated with career identity (r = 0.516, P &lt; 0.01) and negatively associated with turnover intentions (r = −0.437, P &lt; 0.01), while patient safety was also a partial mediator between career identity and turnover intentions.ConclusionsThe results showed that the low patient safety attitudes of new nurses in China should not be ignored. The impact of professional identity on patient safety has important practical implications for promoting a culture of safety among new nurses and reducing turnover rates.
Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of modified sacrospinous ligament fixation via the anterior vaginal wall path for pelvic organ prolapse: A feasibility report based on 50 patients
Authors: Lyu Yuanyuan , Ding Huafeng , Zhang Ying , Shi Suhua , Ding Jin , Zhu Chengcheng , Guan Xiaoming , Ni Guantai , Luo Yonghong 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the surgical techniques and short-term outcomes for 50 cases of modified sacrospinous ligament fixation via the anterior vaginal wall path for pelvic organ prolapseMethods100 patients with pelvic organ prolapse (stage III or stage IV based on POP-Q staging) from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 50 patients received modified sacrospinous ligament fixation via the anterior vaginal wall path for pelvic organ prolapse (mSSLF group), while the other 50 patients received pelvic reconstruction using T4 mesh (T4 group). Operative time, blood loss, postoperative POP-Q score, length of the hospital stay, complications, and postoperative pain were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe duration of the operation in mSSLF group was (50 ± 15.2 min), which was shorter than that of the T4 group (60 ± 14.8 min) (p = 0.02). No intraoperative complications were reported from the mSSLF group, whereas one vascular injury occurred in the T4 group. In both groups, postoperative pain and painful intercourse was significantly lower in the mSSLF group than in the SSLF group (p &lt; 0.001). The exposed mesh rate was lower than T4 group.ConclusionsThe rates of intraoperative complications, postoperative pain and mesh erosion were significantly lower than those of the T4 group, but there was no significant difference in the efficacy and safety of the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. So mSSLF may be a feasible technique to manage severe prolapse, with promising short-term efficacy and safety.
Biochemical profile of paediatric adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jokonya Luxwell , Mduluza-Jokonya Tariro Lavender , Esene Ignatius , Mwale Garikai , Thango Nqobile Sindiswa , Mduluza Takafira , Naicker Thajasvarie 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionCraniopharyngioma is a rare brain tumour. Despite being histologically benign, it behaves aggressively and is often difficult to manage. Descriptive epidemiological data on the tumour is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa, and there is none for Zimbabwe. The tumour usually has a cystic component that has been raising interest in the past decade. Few studies have looked at the biochemical composition thereof. This study aims to give a landscape view of craniopharyngiomas (CPs) in Zimbabwe and then profile the biochemical properties of the cystic component of paediatric adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.MethodologyA prospective cohort study was done in Zimbabwe over a 2-year period to study the epidemiological distribution of craniopharyngioma and examine the biochemical composition of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma cystic fluid in the paediatric population. Fifteen patients were recruited who had craniopharyngiomas, and of those, nine paediatric adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas had fluid analysed for biochemical components. SPSS statistical package was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics were used for epidemiological data.ResultsThe incidence of CP was calculated to be 0.53 per million person-years. Incidence among the paediatric population 0–14 years was 1.2 per 100,000 person-years. Several biological components were found to be elevated significantly compared to serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). These are sodium, potassium, urea, alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, magnesium, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, calcium, low-density lipids, and glucose.ConclusionThe incidence of CP in Zimbabwe is similar to the rest of the world. Some biochemical components have been noted to be markedly elevated in the cystic fluid and were mirroring serum rather than CSF in concentration.
Risk factors and new inflammatory indicators of deep vein thrombosis after adult patella fractures
Authors: Diao Shuo , Li Jingqiao , Zhao Jianyong , Wang Dong , Wang Hanzhou , Xu Xiaopei , Zhou Junlin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between new inflammatory indicators at admission and the occurrence of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with patella fractures.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients aged 18 years or older who underwent surgical treatment for unilateral closed patella fractures at our hospital between August 2016 and August 2020. The incidence of preoperative DVT was detected by Duplex ultrasound (DUS). Partial blood routine and biochemical indexes were collected at admission, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of inflammatory indexes were also calculated. ROC was used to analyze the cut-off value NLR, MLR, and PLR for predicting preoperative DVT, and univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk factors for preoperative DVT of patella fractures, and to verify whether other risk factors affecting the relationship between validation indexes and preoperative DVT.ResultsA total of 500 patients were included, of which 39 patients (7.8%) developed preoperative DVT. After univariate and multivariate analysis, preoperative time (in each day delay), male (vs. female), D-dimer &gt; 0.6 mg/L, total cholesterol (TC) &gt; 5.6 mmol/L, and PLR &gt; 189.8 were the risk factors for preoperative DVT in patients with patella fracture. Inflammation index PLR combined with the other four risk factors significantly improved the predictive efficacy of preoperative DVT compared with PLR (P = 0.009).ConclusionInflammatory index PLR is a risk factor for preoperative DVT in patients with patella fracture, and the efficacy of PLR in predicting DVT can be significantly improved when other risk factors (male, D-dimer &gt; 0.6 mg/L, TC &gt; 5.6 mmol/L, and PLR &gt; 189.8 of preoperative time in each day delay) are combined. These data are useful for the clinical identification of patients at high risk of preoperative DVT in patella fractures.
A neglected cervicovesical fistula diagnosed and repaired by combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sun Dongjing , Xu Wenzhi , Chen Yicheng , Chen Xueyuan , Lin Xiaona 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo analyze a case of neglected cervicovesical fistula with intrauterine adhesions caused by cesarean section.MethodsA 36-year-old female patient with a history of two previous cesarean sections complained of the absence of menstruation for the last 18 months. The diagnosis of the cervicovesical fistula was made through hysteroscopy and cystoscopy. The reconstruction of the uterus and bladder was achieved by a laparoscopic repair technique.ResultsThe patient resumed normal menstruation postoperatively without complaining of any complications. Uterine continuity and cavity had been restored to normal at the second look of hysteroscopy.ConclusionsCervicovesical fistula with intrauterine adhesions is very rare in our clinical work. Hysteroscopy might play an essential role in diagnosing cervicovesical fistula and IUA. In our literature review, a surgical approach was the mainstay and definitive management of the cervicovesical fistula following a cesarean section.