bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor skills, cognitive impairment, and quality of life in normal pressure hydrocephalus: early effects of shunt placement
Authors: Hülser Matthias , Spielmann Hannah , Oertel Joachim , Sippl Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Traditionally, clinical findings of normal pressure hydrocephalus are mainly characterized by the Hakim triad. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of patients suffering from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in a more holistic manner regarding motor skills, cognitive impairment, and quality of life.

Methods
In total, 30 individuals diagnosed with iNPH as well as a reference group with another 30 individuals were included. The iNPH patients and the reference group were age, educational, and morbidity matched. A standardized test battery for psychomotor skills, gait, neuropsychological abilities as well as questionnaires for quality of life was applied. The iNPH group was tested prior to surgery, at 6 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. The reference group was tested once.

Results
Patients showed a significant improved performance in various items of the test battery during the first 3 months postoperatively. This included neuropsychological evaluation, motor skills including gait and upper motor function as well as the quality of life of the patients. Compared to reference individuals, neuropsychological aspects and quality of life of iNPH patients improved in some parts nearly to normal values.

Conclusion
Our findings underline that shunt surgery does not only improve the symptoms in iNPH patients but also ameliorates the quality of life to a great extent close to those of age and comorbidity matched reference individuals. This data enables an optimized counseling of iNPH patients regarding the expectable outcome after shunt surgery especially regarding cognitive performance, motor skills as well as life quality.
The impact of cost-sharing on prescription drug demand: evidence from a double-difference regression kink design
Authors: Gamba Simona , Jakobsson Niklas , Svensson Mikael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPharmaceuticals represent the third-largest expenditure item in health care spending in the OECD countries, and cost growth is around 5% per year in many OECD countries. One possible way to contain the rise in pharmaceutical spending is the use of cost-sharing schemes that makes insured individuals directly bear parts of the cost of a drug. This study estimates the price sensitivity of demand for prescription drugs using data on all prescription drug purchases from a random sample of 400,000 Swedes followed from 2010 to 2013. We use a regression kink design (RKD) by exploiting the kinked Swedish cost-sharing scheme to assess the price elasticity. Further, since the cost-sharing scheme has changed over time, we also use a double-difference RKD to account for potential confounding nonlinearities around the kink. Our results indicate that the standard RKD results are biased and exaggerate the price sensitivity. Our preferred double-difference RKD specifications show no or minor price sensitivity (95% CI price elasticity from − 0.12 to 0.02). The results are similar in several sub-group analyses across age groups, sexes, and income quartiles.
On Wild Algebras and Super-Decomposable Pure-Injective Modules
Authors: Pastuszak Grzegorz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAssume that k is an algebraically closed field and A is a finite-dimensional wild k-algebra. Recently, L. Gregory and M. Prest proved that in this case the width of the lattice of all pointed A-modules is undefined. Hence the result of M. Ziegler implies that there exists a super-decomposable pure-injective A-module, if the base field k is countable. Here we give a different and straightforward proof of this fact. Namely, we show that there exists a special family of pointed A-modules, called an independent pair of dense chains of pointed A-modules. This also yields the existence of a super-decomposable pure-injective A-module.
Establishment of pediatric developmental dysplasia of the hip biobank: Shanghai children’s hospital experience
Authors: Yang Dan , Wang Shiqi , Ke Chenghui , Ma Qichao , Fan Lingyan , Wang Yichen , Chen Mengjie , Ying Hao , Wang Sun , Jiao Qin , Shen Yang , Zhao Lihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a debilitating condition that affects 1–7% of newborns. Children with DDH, not treated early and effectively, will easily lead to disability. A better understanding of the biology of DDH is critical to the development of prognostic biomarkers and novel therapies. The purpose of this study was to establish a biobank of DDH genetic resources, to facilitate clinical and basic scientific research. The biological specimen and clinical data of DDH were collected in Shanghai Children’s Hospital from 2014 to 2021. The collection of blood samples was performed at definitive diagnosis and review, tissue specimens were performed at definitive surgery. The clinical data was collected at the whole stage of DDH patients at diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. A total of 528 patients with DDH were enrolled in this study, 90 were men and 438 were women, with the mean age of 4.67 years. The numbers of tissue and blood specimens reached 2172 and 1490, respectively. The quality test results showed that the DNA concentration decreased slightly with the extension of storage time, but the DNA purity did not change. Meanwhile, the extension of storage time slightly affected the stability of protein of tissue samples but did not affect the expression of the housekeeping gene. The DDH biobank built has the potential of monitoring disease pathogenesis and progress, which could provide specimens to the researchers improving the biological understanding and provide guidance of clinical treatment of this disease to clinicians.
Phase transitions of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions from nonlinear oscillatory shear
Authors: Wojno Sylwia , Fazilati Mina , Nypelö Tiina , Westman Gunnar , Kádár Roland 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) self-assemble in water suspensions into liquid crystalline assemblies. Here, we elucidate the microstructural changes associated with nonlinear deformations in (2–9 wt%) CNC suspensions through nonlinear rheological analysis, that was performed in parallel with coupled rheology—polarized light imaging. We show that nonlinear material parameters from Fourier-transform rheology and stress decomposition are sensitive to all CNC phases investigated, i.e. isotropic, biphasic and liquid crystalline. This is in contrast to steady shear and linear viscoelastic dynamic moduli where the three-region behavior and weak strain overshoot cannot distinguish between biphasic and liquid crystalline phases. Thus, the inter-cycle and intra-cycle nonlinear parameters investigated are a more sensitive approach to relate rheological measurements to CNC phase behavior.
Development of the first PVM TaqMan® primer set and a one-step real-time multiplex DiRT-PCR for the detection of PLRV, PVY, PVM, PVS, PVA and PVX in potato tuber sap
Authors: Prinz Mirjam , Kellermann Adolf , Bauch Gerda , Hadersdorfer Johannes , Stammler Johanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTesting for potato viruses is globally very important to prevent a critical shortage of potato supply. In most countries, testing is obligated by law. In Germany, seed potatoes are monitored for six viruses: PLRV, PVY, PVM, PVA, PVX and PVS. They can cause up to 90% loss of potato tubers in the field. Common methods currently used for testing are ELISA and conventional real-time PCR, but both are very time-consuming, and the former needs a high capacity of green houses and human resources, the latter elaborate RNA extraction steps. Recently, we proposed a new method called real-time DiRT-PCR which enables us to test for PLRV, PVY and PVS along with an internal control in three duplex real-time PCR reactions directly on diluted tuber sap. In this study, we describe the first TaqMan® assay for PVM published so far and embed it into a multiplex system to detect the remaining viruses. We are now able to sensitively test for the presence of six viruses in two multiplex reactions using the real-time DiRT-PCR without RNA purification.
Flow induced by a line sink near a vertical wall in a fluid with a free surface Part I: infinite depth
Authors: Mansoor Wafaa. F. , Hocking Graeme C. , Farrow Duncan E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe two-dimensional, steady flow of an inviscid fluid induced by a line sink located near a vertical wall in a region of infinite depth is computed. The effects of surface tension are investigated. The solution in the limit of small Froude number is obtained analytically, and numerically for the nonlinear problem. The asymptotic solution is found to have a property that if the horizontal location of the sink, $$x_\mathrm{{s}} < 1$$

x
s

<
1

, there is only one stagnation point on the surface, at the wall. However, if the horizontal location $$x_{\mathrm{s}} > 1$$

x
s

>
1

, a second stagnation point forms on the free surface. Numerical solution for the nonlinear problem confirms these properties. The effect of moving the sink horizontally has also been considered. The maximum Froude numbers at which steady solutions exist are computed and compared with the previous work.
Experiences of Performing Daily Activities in Middle-Aged and Older Autistic Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hwang Ye In Jane , Foley Kitty-Rose , Elley Kieran , Brown Scott , Joy-Leong Dawn , Li Xue , Grove Rachel , Trollor Julian , Pellicano Elizabeth , Zheng Lidan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis is the first study to investigate instrumental activities of daily living in older autistic adults. We conducted interviews with fifteen adults (mean age = 60.1, SD = 7.4, range = 50–73) from Australia with no intellectual disability. Analysis included both deductive and inductive steps, to categorise responses using the Occupational Performance Model Australia and identify themes across participants’ experiences. Strengths and challenges were unique to the individual, as were the methods they had developed to manage tasks. Challenges occurred mostly at the interaction between aspects of the environment (sensory, cognitive, social and cultural) and personal factors such as health conditions and sensory sensitivities. Enhanced person-environment fit is needed, as is a shift in wider sociocultural attitudes to enable comfort and autonomy in later life.
The Cutoff Phenomenon in Wasserstein Distance for Nonlinear Stable Langevin Systems with Small Lévy Noise
Authors: Barrera G. , Högele M. A. , Pardo J. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article establishes the cutoff phenomenon in the Wasserstein distance for systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with a dissipative stable fixed point subject to small additive Markovian noise. This result generalizes the results shown in Barrera, Högele, Pardo (EJP2021) in a more restrictive setting of Blumenthal-Getoor index $$\alpha >3/2$$

α
>
3
/
2

to the formulation in Wasserstein distance, which allows to cover the case of general Lévy processes with some given moment. The main proof techniques are based on the close control of the errors in a version of the Hartman–Grobman theorem and the adaptation of the linear theory established in Barrera, Högele, Pardo (JSP2021). In particular, they rely on the precise asymptotics of the nonlinear flow and the nonstandard shift linearity property of the Wasserstein distance, which is established by the authors in (JSP2021). Main examples are the nonlinear Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou gradient flow and dissipative nonlinear oscillators subject to small (and possibly degenerate) Brownian or arbitrary $$\alpha $$
α
-stable noise.
Towards effective reforestation: growth and commercial value of four commonly planted tropical timber species on infertile soils in Panama
Authors: Sinacore Katherine , García Edwin H. , Howard Theodore , van Breugel Michiel , Lopez Omar R. , Finkral Alex J. , Hall Jefferson S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFinding suitable tree species that not only grow well on nutrient poor soils but are also safe financial investments is one of the major obstacles to successful reforestation efforts in the tropics. Our study compared the financial viability and growth of valuable timber species in monocultures and mixtures on infertile soils. Our work shows the extraordinary growth in volume and value of Dalbergia retusa and Terminalia amazonia while underscoring the poor financial viability of Tectona grandis and Pachira quinata, all commonly planted timber species in Panama and much of Central and South America. Using Bayesian statistics, our predictions show that T. amazonia monocultures could reach nearly 200 m3 ha−1 of merchantable volume after 30 years compared to the ~ 40 m3 ha−1 that T. grandis could accumulate in the same time frame. While D. retusa monocultures did not have the highest predicted merchantable volumes of all the species, it did have the highest predicted net present value (NPV), with a predicted mean NPV of > US$97,000 ha−1, quadrupling the species with the next highest monoculture’s NPV, T. amazonia monocultures (~ US$20,000 ha−1). Our work emphasizes that reforestation can be financially viable on low nutrient soils, even in the absence of fertilization or other silvicultural manipulations, if species selection and site are carefully considered and matched.
The Thinking Frames Approach: Improving High School Students’ Written Explanations of Phenomena in Science
Authors: McLure Felicity 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSecondary school students find it difficult to write elaborated causal explanations of scientific phenomena. They frequently present their own opinions and write descriptions of their observations rather than linking observations with logical chains of causal reasoning, underpinned by a theoretical framework, to provide explanations of scientific phenomena. Science teachers also express difficulties in supporting students to develop scientific writing skills. In order to improve students’ written scientific explanations, a teaching strategy known as the Thinking Frames Approach (TFA) was introduced into two Grade 9 classrooms over two years. This multidimensional conceptual change strategy makes use of the affordances of student-generated multiple representations, teacher-student questioning, and small group discussions to support students in constructing understanding and written explanations. Students are also taught to reflect on and evaluate their written explanations. Students’ written responses explaining observations of scientific phenomena were collected over a nine-month period and evaluated using the analysis system for student explanations developed by de Andrade et al. (Res Sci Educ 49:787-807, 2019). A significant improvement in students’ written explanations linking observations with logical chains of reasoning and scientific theories was observed over this period. The TFA provides a strategy that teachers may implement to support students in developing skills in writing explanations by providing an appropriate level of scaffolding in the writing process. An added benefit of this approach was students’ increased confidence in producing written explanations.
Teacher stress and burnout in Australia: examining the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors
Authors: Carroll Annemaree , Forrest Kylee , Sanders-O’Connor Emma , Flynn Libby , Bower Julie M. , Fynes-Clinton Samuel , York Ashley , Ziaei Maryam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConcerns regarding high rates of teacher stress and burnout are present globally. Yet there is limited current data regarding the severity of stress, or the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors in relation to teacher stress and burnout within the Australian context. The present study, conducted over an 18-month period, prior to the COVID pandemic, surveyed 749 Australian teachers to explore their experience of work-related stress and burnout; differences in stress and burnout across different demographic groups within the profession; as well as the contributing role of intrapersonal and environmental factors, particularly, emotion regulation, subjective well-being, and workload. Results showed over half of the sample reported being very or extremely stressed and were considering leaving the profession, with early career teachers, primary teachers, and teachers working in rural and remote areas reporting the highest stress and burnout levels. Conditional process analyses highlighted the importance of emotion regulation, workload and subjective well-being in the development of teacher stress and some forms of burnout. Implications for educational practice are discussed.
Group Representation for Even and Odd Involutive Commutative Residuated Chains
Authors: Jenei Sándor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor odd and for even involutive, commutative residuated chains a representation theorem is presented in this paper by means of direct systems of abelian o-groups equipped with further structure. This generalizes the corresponding result of J. M. Dunn about finite Sugihara monoids.
How Within-Study Comparisons can Inform Research and Evaluation Design for the Third Sector
Authors: Anderson Kaitlin P. , Wolf Patrick J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin-study comparisons (WSCs) compare quasi-experimental results to an experimental benchmark and assess the extent to which quasi-experiments (QEs) sacrifice internal validity for external validity. WSCs inform decisions about when to use experiments or QEs, as well as methodological decisions (e.g., covariate selection) about how to implement QEs when they are necessary or preferred. We review the methodological literature on WSCs and present the findings from a WSC of a school voucher program as an example of the use of WSCs to inform policy debates involving the third sector. Prior literature and our results suggest that QE evaluations of third-sector institutions can produce low levels of bias, but only if analytic models include key proxy variables for voluntary self-selection into programs.
Sentiment analysis and topic modeling for COVID-19 vaccine discussions
Authors: Yin Hui , Song Xiangyu , Yang Shuiqiao , Li Jianxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been ongoing for almost two years and has had an unprecedented impact on the daily lives of people around the world. More recently, the emergence of the Delta variant of COVID-19 has once again put the world at risk. Fortunately, many countries and companies have developed vaccines for the coronavirus. As of 23 August 2021, more than 20 vaccines have been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), bringing light to people besieged by the pandemic. The global rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine has sparked much discussion on social media platforms, such as the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. However, there has not been much systematic analysis of public opinion on the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the discussions related to the COVID-19 vaccine on Twitter. We analyze the hot topics discussed by people and the corresponding emotional polarity from the perspective of countries and vaccine brands. The results show that most people trust the effectiveness of vaccines and are willing to get vaccinated. In contrast, negative tweets tended to be associated with news reports of post-vaccination deaths, vaccine shortages, and post-injection side effects. Overall, this study uses popular Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies to mine people’s opinions on the COVID-19 vaccine on social media and objectively analyze and visualize them. Our findings can improve the readability of the confusing information on social media platforms and provide effective data support for the government and policy makers.
Can FDI facilitate green total factor productivity in China? Evidence from regional diversity
Authors: You Jialu , Xiao Hang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of foreign direct investment conforms to the theoretical principles of green total factor productivity and is key to promoting regional industry upgrading. Using three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on city-level data, this paper investigates the effect of foreign direct investment on regional green total factor productivity (GTFP) across China. The results show that foreign direct investment affects regional GTFP through technology spillover effect and human capital spillover effect. Under different environmental regulation intensity and marketization, the relationship between FDI and green total factor productivity is non-linear. The phenomena of “pollution paradise” and “bottom line race” survived at low marketization regional and foreign direct investment will inhibit the improvement of regional green total factor productivity in China.
Compulsory vaccination against COVID-19: a legal and ethical perspective on public good versus personal reticence
Authors: Dunne Colum P. , Spain Eimear 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoercive measures to protect public health are controversial, eliciting questions regarding state-patient relationships and conflicts between individual autonomy and public good. This is challenging in a time when respect for patient autonomy has become elevated yet society faces an increasing number of public health challenges, the most recent being the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). In that context, there is emphasis on increasing vaccination rates internationally in order to achieve “herd immunity”, raising the possibility of compulsory vaccination of populations in the future. Here, we explore current rights of individuals to decline vaccination, utilising prior learning from other viral pathogens internationally (specifically, measles, mumps and rubella), and related public health outcomes. Further, we consider freedom of choice versus mandatory treatment necessitated to avoid contagion during disease outbreaks (such as COVID-19). In doing so, we utilise rhetorical reasoning in the form of casuistry focusing on the core challenges regarding public good versus personal antipathy towards vaccination.
Allogeneic Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy in Lymphoma
Authors: Khurana Arushi , Lin Yi 
Published: February 2022

Opinion statementThe therapeutic armamentarium has significantly expanded since the approval of various CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). These CAR-Ts are patient-specific and require a complex, resource, and time-consuming process. While this appears promising, autologous CAR-Ts are limited due to the lack of accessibility, manufacturing delays, and variable product quality. To overcome these, allogeneic (allo) CARs from healthy donors appear appealing. These can be immediately available as “off the shelf” ready-to-use products of standardized and superior quality exempt from the effects of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and prior treatments, and potentially with lower healthcare utilization using industrialized scale production. Allogeneic CARs, however, are not devoid of complications and require genomic editing, especially with αβ T cells to avoid graft versus host disease (GvHD) and allo-rejection by the recipient’s immune system. Tools for genomic editing such as TALEN and CRISPR provide promise to develop truly “off the shelf” universal CARs and further advance the field of cellular immunotherapy. Several allogeneic CARs are currently in early phase clinical trials, and preliminary data is encouraging. Longer follow-up is required to truly assess the feasibility and safety of these techniques in the patients. This review focuses on the strategies for developing allogeneic CARs along with cell sources and clinical experience thus far in lymphoma.