bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of predicted fragmentation pathways and fragment ion structures for detecting steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators in dietary supplements using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Nam Sook , Lim Na Young , Choi Hwan Seong , Kim Hyungil , Baek Sun Young 
Published: February 2022

RationaleDietary supplements advertised to strengthen muscles have earned fame among athletes. However, several products containing unauthorized compounds are often detected, which can cause a public health risk. Particularly, steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) can cause serious side effects as hormone modulators. In this study, we analyzed 15 steroids and 20 SARMs using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOFMS) to provide fundamental information about fragmentation pathways and fragment ion structures.MethodsThe optimal conditions of LC/QTOFMS were explored to obtain fragmentation patterns for each compound. The optimal conditions were established by comparing the area and height of the precursor ion peak at 125 or 175 V as a fragmentor energy. Furthermore, the optimized spectra were acquired by applying collision energy ranging from 1 to 50 eV. The energy value was selected under the condition that the mass error of precursor ions was less than 10 ppm.ResultsThe 35 compounds were classified on the basis of their chemical core structures: arylpropionamide (3 compounds), quinolinone (2), pyrrolidinylbenzonitrile (1), indole (2), tropanol (2), phenylaxadaizole (1), hydantoin (2), phenylthiazole (1), nitrothiophene (1) and steroidal derivative (20). Fragmentation pathways and the chemical structure of each product ion were predicted and identified. Furthermore, the obtained structural information was applied to screen seized samples. As a result, 10 seized samples were confirmed to contain one or more SARMs by comparing each precursor ion and fragmentation pattern.ConclusionsThe application to real samples for accurate screening indicated that the same fragmentation patterns and product ions as one or more SARM standards were detected and identified in the seized samples advertised as muscle building. Therefore, this study can contribute to ensuring the safety of public health through providing fundamental information about the risk of illegal adulteration.
Comparison of robot‐assisted and conventional laparoscopy for colorectal surgery for endometriosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ferrier Clément , Le Gac Marjolaine , Kolanska Kamila , Boudy Anne‐Sophie , Dabi Yohan , Touboul Cyril , Bendifallah Sofiane , Daraï Emile 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to evaluate surgical outcomes of robotic compared to conventional laparoscopy for colorectal surgery for endometriosis.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study comparing robotic to conventional laparoscopy for colorectal endometriosis during an 18‐month period. We included 61 patients in the robotic group and 61 patients in the conventional laparoscopy group.ResultsRegardless of the colorectal procedure, no differences were found between the groups for complications, blood loss, re‐hospitalisation, surgical revision. Robotic surgery was associated with a higher operating time (208 ± 90 min vs. 169 ± 81 min, p = 0.01) and a higher rate of healthy margins (91% vs. 76%; p = 0.01). For the patients undergoing discoid or segmental resections, robotic surgery was associated with a lower intraoperative complication rate (2% vs. 14%; p = 0.04) without difference in operating time or in postoperative complication rates, including voiding dysfunction.ConclusionOur results suggest that the robotic route confer advantages for discoid and segmental resections.
Using research to inform practice through research‐practice partnerships: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sjölund Simon , Lindvall Jannika , Larsson Maria , Ryve Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch‐practice partnerships (RPPs) have drawn a great deal of attention as promising structures for bringing educational research and practice closer together. However, promising as RPPs may be, challenges still exist and there have been calls for studies investigating how research can be used within RPPs, and how to include practitioners more in the generation of research evidence. We address these calls by conducting a systematic review of the research literature on RPPs. Our review of 57 articles shows that research is used in various ways to inform both the methods and content for facilitating school improvement in RPPs. For instance, research on effective PD can be directly applied to a Professional Development (PD) programme to inform the methods of the intervention, or research findings can be used as the content of an intervention to facilitate teacher learning. Moreover, the results suggest that the type of research used to inform RPPs affects the kinds of opportunities for research use that are presented to practitioners; ranging from applying research directly to practice (instrumental use), to using research to extend understanding (conceptual use), or using research methods and methodologies in order to increase practitioners’ capacity for improving education (process use). Based on the results, we argue that the presented opportunities for research use in interventions strongly affect teachers’ opportunities to participate in the generation of research evidence and thereby achieve a more democratised evidence system.
Cover crops and carbon sequestration: Lessons from U.S. studies
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSequestering soil organic carbon (SOC) with cover crops (CCs) to mitigate climate change and enhance other soil ecosystem services is generating much enthusiasm. However, the potential of CCs to sequester large amounts of SOC appears to be debatable, which warrants further discussion on regional and national scales. This paper discusses both CC effects on SOC based on studies in the United States up to 30 May 2021 and practices that could enhance CC ability to sequester SOC. Cover crops accumulated SOC only in 22 (29%) of 77 comparison (CC vs. no CC) counts. Cover crops accumulated 0.2–0.92 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (0.41 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 average) across the 22 comparisons where CCs increased SOC and 0–0.92 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (0.12 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 average) across the 77 comparisons in the upper 30‐cm soil depth. Cover crops increased SOC most in low‐C soils (<1% C) and after 5 yr but not when CCs produced <2 Mg biomass ha−1. Because SOC accumulation was primarily correlated (r = .38; p = .006) with CC biomass and years under CCs (r = .37; p = .009), current CC management practices need modification to enhance SOC accumulation. Planting after crop harvest in summer and terminating late to increase CC biomass production along with long‐term (>5 yr) use can be potential strategies. Overall, CCs can accumulate SOC only in one‐third of cases based on U.S. studies, which urges the modification of current CC management practices to boost SOC sequestration.
Aggregate stability in rainfall‐induced soil physical crusts on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Lin , Xu Feifei , Li Jiande , Yang Chang , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComprehensive insights into the aggregate stability of physical crusts enhance the understanding of erosional processes and transport mechanisms. This study evaluated the erosion resistance and aggregate stability in structural and sedimentary crusts of a Lou soil induced by simulated rainfall. A runoff plot (200 cm long × 100 cm wide × 50 cm high) with a slope of 5° was set up to simulate contour tillage (20 cm in ridges, 30 cm in furrows). A single rainfall intensity (60 mm h−1) was applied over six durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min) to obtain structural and sedimentary crusts. With an increase in rainfall duration, bulk density of structural and sedimentary crusts increased from 1.26 g cm−3 (soil before rainfall) to 1.56 and 1.58 g cm−3, respectively. Macroaggregate contents in structural crust changed slightly (from 7.5 to 7.4%); however, a marked increase (from 9.0 to 18.6%) was observed in sedimentary crust with increased rainfall duration. The mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter (i.e., the inverse of erodibility factor) in structural crusts were lower than sedimentary crusts developed from all rainfall conditions. The aggregate stability index of structural and sedimentary crusts initially increased from 2.12 and 2.07 with the increase in rainfall duration, respectively, and then leveled off at 2.42 and 2.48. Soil aggregate stability of sedimentary crust, which conferred greater resistance against external erosive forces, was stronger than that of structural crust.
Design of Bifunctional Amino Tf‐Amide Organocatalysts and Application in Various Asymmetric Transformations
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jun , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this personal account, we describe our recent developments on the four types of amino Tf‐amide catalysts in asymmetric transformations. Firstly, axially chiral biaryl‐based secondary‐amino Tf‐amide catalyzed various stereoselective reactions via enamine intermediates. Secondly, pyrrolidine‐based secondary‐amino aliphatic Tf‐amide catalyzed asymmetric direct Mannich reaction. Thirdly, chiral primary‐amino aliphatic Tf‐amide catalyzed asymmetric direct aldol reaction and conjugate addition. Finally, modified chiral amino aromatic Tf‐amide catalyzed asymmetric transformations. These four different strategies are illustrated by using various organocatalyzed asymmetric transformations.
“It is what it is”: Using Storied‐Identity and intersectionality lenses to understand the trajectory of a young Black woman's science and math identities
Authors: Ibourk Amal , Hughes Roxanne , Mathis Clausell 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) identity has become a popular lens in science education research. However, few studies have looked at how using the interpersonal, structural, cultural, and disciplinary domains of power sheds light on how women of color differently navigate the various cultures of formal and informal schooling as well as college science and math departments. This paper uses narrative inquiry methodology to examine how a young Black woman constructs science and math identities through stories about her previous experiences becoming a science and math person. By also framing it within intersectionality and employing a storied‐identity lens, this study provides insight into how stories that shape identities inform her science and math identities. Specifically, this study looked at how she navigated the emotions and social experiences that fostered an interwoven storied science, math, and racial identity across different times, spaces, and settings. It highlights how a strong sense of belonging in her science and math trajectories was positively influenced through various sources and moments of recognition from community influences (e.g., family, peers, and faculty) and structural disruptions (e.g., the HBCU she attended and STEM camp). Despite negative emotions of self‐doubt and frustration were present when her science, math, racial, and smart student identities came into conflict, she leveraged the positive emotions of joy and pride in her interwoven science and math storylines, which strengthened not only her science and math identities but also her racial identity. The study underscores the importance of leveraging counter‐narratives of resilience as a resilience strategy but also practicing acceptance and self‐compassion when navigating tensions between racial, science, math, and smart‐student identities for women of color in STEM. The study's conclusions add to the call for structural changes within K‐12 and higher education that are crucial for equity goals within STEM education.
Einleitung
Authors: Fuchs Florian 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung„Überblickt man die Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Betriebswirtschaftslehre in den letzten 100 Jahren, so gewinnt man den Eindruck, dass sie ihr Verhältnis zur Ethik und konkret zur Wirtschaftsethik nie hinreichend aufgearbeitet und geklärt hat.“
Compactified AdS black holes, Chamblin-Reall background, and their dual non-conformal relativistic fluids
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Yanqi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Chamblin-Reall background is a static solution of Einstein gravity coupled with a background scalar field and a dynamical domain wall, with the potential of the scalar field being of Liouville type. It can be got by dimensionally reducing a higher dimensional background with a constant potential. Compactified AdS black holes are black hole backgrounds constructed by wrapping one or more spatial directions of a higher dimensional AdS black hole on a torus and then integrating them out. The compactified AdS black hole background is asymptotically flat, non-conformal, and of Chamblin-Reall type. In this work, we derive all the 7 dynamical second-order transport coefficients for the relativistic fluids dual to compactified AdS black holes of various dimensions via fluid/gravity correspondence. Through this work, we achieve three main goals: (1) We prove that all the gravitational backgrounds that can be used to extract analytical results for second-order transport coefficients hitherto are all Chamblin-Reall type backgrounds. (2) We generalize the results in previous studies on the second-order transport coefficients of the relativistic fluids dual to 5-dimensional Chamblin-Reall model into general dimensions. (3) We offer a thorough study on the Kanitscheider-Skenderis proposal and find its physical accounts.
A Compactification of the Universal Moduli Space of Principal G-Bundles
Authors: Castañeda Ángel Luis Muñoz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet G be a semisimple linear algebraic group, $$\rho :G\hookrightarrow \text {SL}(V)$$

ρ
:
G
↪
SL
(
V
)

a finite-dimensional faithful representation, $$g\ge 2$$

g
≥
2

a natural number, and $$\delta $$
δ
a positive rational number. We prove the existence of a compactification of the universal moduli space of semistable principal G-bundles over $$\overline{\text {M}}_{g}$$

M
¯

g

, provided that $$\delta $$
δ
is sufficiently large, having the following property: the fibers over singular curves are the moduli spaces of $$\delta $$
δ
-semistable singular principal G-bundles.
Peripersonal Space from a multisensory perspective: the distinct effect of the visual and tactile components of Visuo-Tactile stimuli
Authors: Beccherle Maddalena , Facchetti Stefania , Villani Francesca , Zanini Marzia , Scandola Michele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeripersonal Space (PPS) is defined as the space close to the body where all interactions between the individual and the environment take place. Behavioural experiments on PPS exploit multisensory integration, using Multisensory Visuo-Tactile stimuli (MVT), whose visual and tactile components target the same body part (i.e. the face, the hand, the foot). However, the effects of visual and tactile stimuli targeting different body parts on PPS representation are unknown, and the relationship with the RTs for Tactile-Only stimuli is unclear. In this study, we addressed two research questions: (1) if the MVT-RTs are independent of Tactile-Only-RTs and if the latter is influenced by time-dependency effects, and (2) if PPS estimations derived from MVT-RTs depend on the location of the Visual or Tactile component of MVTs. We studied 40 right-handed participants, manipulating the body location (right hand, cheek or foot) and the distance of administration. Visual and Tactile components targeted different or the same body parts and were delivered respectively at five distances. RTs to Tactile-Only trials showed a non-monotonic trend, depending on the delay of stimulus administration. Moreover, RTs to Multisensory Visuo-Tactile trials were found to be dependent on the Distance and location of the Visual component of the stimulus. In conclusion, our results show that Tactile-Only RTs should be removed from Visuo-Tactile RTs and that the Visual and Tactile components of Visuo-Tactile stimuli do not necessarily have to target the same body part. These results have a relevant impact on the study of PPS representations, providing new important methodological information.
VEXAS-Syndrom
Authors: Zeeck M. , Kötter I. , Krusche M. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDas VEXAS-Syndrom ist eine neu identifizierte autoinflammatorische Systemerkrankung. Das Akronym VEXAS steht hier für Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic. Die Erkrankung beruht auf einer erworbenen somatischen Mutation des UBA1-Gens. Dieses kodiert für das E1-Enzym, welches wiederum für die Ubiquitinierung von Proteinen verantwortlich ist. Aufgrund der Lage des Gens auf dem X‑Chromosom betrifft die Erkrankung überwiegend Männer (in der zweiten Lebenshälfte). Die Patienten weisen eine Plethora an inflammatorischen klinischen Symptomen – oft mit Überlappung von hämatologischen, dermatologischen und rheumatologischen Krankheitsbildern – auf. Insbesondere das Vorliegen von zytoplasmatischen Vakuolen im Knochenmark ist charakteristisch. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir über den klinischen Fall eines VEXAS-Patienten und geben einen Überblick über die Pathophysiologie, Klinik und Diagnostik des Erkrankungsbildes.
Improved hyper-reduction approach for the forced vibration analysis of rotating components
Authors: Kang Seung-Hoon , Kim Yongse , Cho Haeseong , Shin SangJoon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractForced vibration analysis is an indispensable process for the design of a rotating component. However, rather expensive nonlinear static and linear frequency response analyses are usually accompanied by a frequency domain analysis. The traditional mode-superposition method (MSM) effectively reduces the cost of the frequency response analysis. However, the nonlinear static analysis of earlier processes remains as the computational bottleneck. In this paper, the application of the hyper-reduction method will be proposed along with the model order reduction (MOR) framework for rotating component forced vibration analysis. The energy-conserving sampling and weighting (ECSW) method will be employed for the nonlinear iterative computation. The pre-stressed stiffness matrix of the reduced finite elements (FEs) resulting from the ECSW will be used for the post computation stage. Also, a variety of MOR will be attempted for the performance comparison, including MSM, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based reduced order model (ROM), and a hybrid approach. It is found that the present ECSW-combined MOR will significantly relieve the computational bottleneck, provide a minimal loss of accuracy, and be compatible with both nonlinear and linear analyses of the rotating component forced vibration analysis.
Untersuchung der thermischen Überlastbarkeit von Leistungstransformatoren
Authors: Khandan Saeed , Gerber Malte , Tenbohlen Stefan 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDurch die voranschreitende Energiewende und den stetig steigenden Ausbau der Erneuerbaren Energien besteht vermehrt die Notwendigkeit des Ausbaus von Umspannwerken mit neuen Transformatoren. Dieser Ausbau erfolgt meist auf Basis der maximalen Einspeisung im Jahr. Um hierbei dem Netzbetreiber einen besseren Überblick in Bezug auf die Überlastbarkeit des Transformators zu geben, wird im Rahmen eines Projektes die thermische Überlastbarkeit von Transformatoren untersucht. Für eine genauere Betrachtung des thermischen Verhaltens von Leistungstransformatoren wird eine numerische Berechnung mittels computergestützter Strömungsmechanik (CFD) verwendet. Diese erfolgt anhand im Labor gemessener Messdaten an einem Wicklungsmodell. Dieses numerische 3D-Modell ermöglicht es, die Heißpunkttemperatur eines natürlich ON-gekühlten Transformators zu bestimmen und die Veränderung des Heißpunktfaktors in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen Anfangstemperaturen im Labor zu berechnen. Durch die Berechnung des Heißpunktfaktors kann das transiente thermische Verhalten untersucht und im zeitlichen Verlauf verglichen werden.Des Weiteren werden im Rahmen des beschriebenen Projektes über den Zeitraum von einem Jahr Temperatur‑, Leistungs- und Umgebungsmessdaten eines Windparktransformators gezeigt, anhand derer das thermische Verhalten des Transformators untersucht wird. Mit einem Trainingssatz der Messdaten werden unterschiedliche thermische Modelle zur Berechnung der oberen Öltemperatur in Abhängigkeit der Auslastung und der Umgebungstemperatur erstellt und zur Validierung mit einem weiteren Datensatz verglichen. Mithilfe des Heißpunktfaktors aus dem numerischen 3D-Modell kann die Heißpunkttemperatur des natürlich gekühlten Transformators abgeschätzt und mit den Temperaturen aus der Simulation verglichen werden.Basierend auf der nach DIN IEC 60076‑7 empfohlenen maximalen Heißpunkttemperatur und dem erstellten thermischen Modell wird eine Überlastungskurve in Abhängigkeit der Außentemperatur erzeugt. Mit dieser kann die Überlastbarkeit des Leistungstransformators bei unterschiedlichen Umgebungstemperaturen errechnet und somit der Transformator ohne erhöhtes Risiko nach Bedarf mit höherer Last entsprechend der Überlastungskurve betrieben werden.
Potenzial von Machine Learning bei der kurzfristigen Leistungsprognose innerhalb einer Laufkraftwerkskette
Authors: Klingler Christoph , Feigl Moritz , Linsbichler Thomas , Frey Simon , Schulz Karsten 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDa die Leistung eines Laufkraftwerks ohne Schwallbetrieb nicht gesteuert werden kann, sind möglichst präzise Leistungsprognosen nötig, um die generierte elektrische Energie bestmöglich am internationalen Strommarkt verwerten zu können. Derzeit befindet sich beim österreichischen Wasserkraftwerksbetreiber Verbund AG für den Zweck der Leistungsprognose eine Kombination aus hydrologischen und hydrodynamischen Modellen (PW) im operativen Betrieb, welche aber insbesondere bei an- sowie absteigenden Leistungsverläufen noch Defizite aufweist. Deshalb wird in dieser Studie an den Laufkraftwerken Braunau-Simbach, Aschach und Greifenstein das Potenzial von Machine Learning (ML) Verfahren bei der kurzfristigen (bis 4 h) Leistungsprognose in fünf hydrologisch interessanten Zeitfenstern eruiert. Dafür werden gemessene Abfluss- und Leistungswerte von stromauf liegenden Laufkraftwerken und Pegeln als Eingangsdaten herangezogen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ML im Anwendungsbereich der kurzfristigen Leistungsprognose innerhalb einer Laufkraftwerkskette sinnvoll eingesetzt werden kann. So konnte beim Grenzkraftwerk Braunau-Simbach der Modellfehler in Form der Wurzel der mittleren quadratischen Abweichung (RMSE) im Vergleich zu PW bei der 4‑Stunden-Prognose sowie über die fünf ausgewählten Zeitfenster um rund 63 % verringert werden. Beim Kraftwerk Aschach wurde eine Reduktion von 30 % erzielt, während beim Kraftwerk Greifenstein der RMSE mit ML um mehr als 50 % reduziert wurde. Es hat sich bei ML zudem gezeigt, dass mit kürzerer Prognosezeit auch die Prognosequalität deutlich verbessert wird, während sich diese bei PW in einem deutlich geringeren Ausmaß mit der Prognosezeit ändert. Es ist daher absehbar, dass ab einer bestimmten Prognosezeit PW gegenüber ML wieder im Vorteil ist. Nichtsdestotrotz könnte bei längerer Vorhersagezeit aber durch die Nachkopplung eines ML-Modells an PW die Prognosequalität weiter verbessert werden.