bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHAT IS IT LIKE TO BE AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? NAGEL’S VIEW FROM NOWHERE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS SUBJECT OF LAW
Authors: Divino Sthéfano Bruno Santos , Magalhães Rodrigo Almeida 
Published: March 2022

This paper has as its research problem the following question: what is it like to be an artificial intelligence? It aims to critically analyze the epistemological and semantic aspects developed by Thomas Nagel in What is it like to be a bat and The View from Nowhere, demonstrating the relationship between physicalism and subjectivity and its application to artificially intelligent beings. We chose to approach these two works because of the author's importance in analytical philosophy and the approach to consciousness. The analysis shows that the defense of artificial intelligence as a subject of law is intrinsically based on physicalism. However, in refuting it, Nagel does not offer an alternative outside the scope of dualism. Thus, the Procedural Theory of the Subject of Law is developed with stages of emancipation of the being against the law. As a result, it is verified that the reductive physicalist vision is insufficient to substantiate the condition of the subject of law of an artificial intelligence as a legal and political being in the social order. However, if the three stages of its formation (emancipation, interspecies recognition, and personification) are observed, the possibility of achieving the condition under analysis is assumed. It is concluded that it is unverifiable to know what it is like to be an artificial intelligence. In the current scientific stage, an artificially intelligent being cannot (yet) be considered a subject of law, under penalty of characterization of instrumentalism. The methodology of integrated, analytical, deductive, and bibliographic research is used to obtain these results and conclusions.
Research on Mechanical Simulation Model and Working Safety Boundary of Large-Capacity Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Experiment
Authors: Yuan Quan , Chen Xiaoping , Meng Kangpei , Wang Pengxiang , Tang Li , Wang Tao , Cao Jieer , Wu Yaobo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The application of large-capacity automotive power batteries puts forward higher requirements on the safety test and evaluation technology. In this study, a series of mechanics experiments on a large-capacity prismatic lithium-ion battery (PLIB) cell, including quasi-static compression experiments and dynamic experiments at different speeds, were performed to investigate the mechanism involved in typical severe collision conditions of electric vehicles, such as side pillar collision, bottom ball impact, and frontal collision. The failure critical point of lithium-ion battery cell is obtained based on the record of test failure conditions. The finite element simulation on the platform Ls-Dyna is conducted to establish a numerical model of the selected large-capacity lithium-ion prismatic battery, where the constitutive behavior of the shell and jellyroll is determined through the experiments. The compression results of the finite element model have shown a good agreement with the experimental data, which demonstrates its effectiveness and accuracy. This research provides an effective and practical procedure to judge the safety of lithium-ion batteries after collisions and can be extended to the prediction and protection design of battery packs.
Some Comments on Added Mass Modeling for Tube Bundles Under Two-Phase Cross Flow
Authors: Deri Enrico 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Within the study of fluid-elastic instability in heat exchangers tube banks, a considerable theoretical and experimental effort has been produced for understanding fluid–structure coupling in two-phase flow. This communication discusses the commonly accepted added mass modeling and proposes some ways of further improvement. Notably, it turns out that added mass may be overestimated in a two-phase flow. Taking into account this phenomenon improves the collapsing of flow-induced forces data.
Synthesis of Decorated Carbon Structures with Encapsulated Components by Low-Voltage Electric Discharge Treatment
Authors: Bodrikov I. V. , Titov E. Yu. , Vorotyntsev A. V. , Pryakhina V. I. , Titov D. Yu. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polycondensation of complexes of chloromethanes with triphenylphosphine by the action of low-voltage electric discharges in the liquid phase gives nanosized solid products. The elemental composition involving the generation of element distribution maps (scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy mapping) and the component composition (by direct evolved gas analysis–mass spectrometry) of the solid products have been studied. The elemental and component compositions of the result-ing structures vary widely depending on the chlorine content in the substrate and on the amount of triphenylphosphine taken. Thermal desorption analysis revealed abnormal behavior of HCl and benzene present in the solid products. In thermal desorption spectra, these components appear at an uncharacteristically high temperature. The observed anomaly in the behavior of HCl is due to HCl binding into a complex of the solid anion $${\text{HCl}}_{2}^{ - }$$ with triphenyl(chloromethyl)phosphonium chloride, which requires a relatively high temperature (up to 800 K) to decompose. The abnormal behavior of benzene is associated with its encapsulated state in nanostructures. The appearance of benzene begins at 650 K and continues up to temperatures above 1300 K.
Quality of reporting among systematic reviews underpinning the ESC/ACC guidelines on ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
Authors: Garrett Elizabeth Payton , Hightower Brooke , Walters Corbin , Srouji Derek , Chronister Justin , Torgerson Trevor , Hartwell Micah , McIntire Ryan , Love Mitchell , Vassar Matt 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess the methodological and reporting quality of the systematic reviews (SRs) supporting the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommendations for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). As a secondary objective, we sought to determine: (1) the proportion of Cochrane SRs were cited; and (2) whether Cochrane SRs scored higher on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) appraisals.DesignCross-sectional analysis.Main outcome measuresWe searched for CPGs published by the ESC and the ACC from 2010 to 2020. We selected the CPGs for ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of SCD. The reference sections were searched for SRs. Two independent investigators evaluated eligible SR using the PRISMA checklist and the AMSTAR-2 assessment tool.ResultsTwo CPGs for ventricular arrhythmia and SCD were included in this study. Fifty-five SRs were included in our analysis. Across all SRs, the mean PRISMA score was 0.70. The lowest scoring PRISMA item related to the presence of a pre-published protocol (item 5, score 0.17). Overall, 40% of included SRs were found to have ‘critically low’ AMSTAR-2 ratings. One of the lowest scoring items for AMSTAR-2 was reporting of sources of funding (item 10). The 4 Cochrane SRs that were included scored higher on both assessment tools than non-Cochrane studies, specifically in PRISMA overall completion (88.7% vs 69.7%).ConclusionOur study suggests the methodological and reporting quality of SRs used within ESC and ACC CPGs is insufficient, as demonstrated by the lack of adherence to both AMSTAR-2 and PRISMA checklists. Given the importance of CPGs on clinical decision making, and ultimately patient care, the methodological rigour and quality reporting within SRs used in CPGs should be held to the highest standard within the field of cardiology.
Myo-inositol nutritional supplement for prevention of gestational diabetes (EMmY): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial with nested qualitative study
Authors: Amaefule Chiamaka Esther , Drymoussi Zoe , Gonzalez Carreras Francisco Jose , Pardo Llorente Maria del Carmen , Lanz Doris , Dodds Julie , Sweeney Lorna , Pizzo Elena , Thomas Amy , Heighway James , Daru Jahnavi , Sobhy Soha , Poston Lucilla , Khalil Asma , Myers Jenny , Harden Angela , Hitman Graham , Khan Khalid Saeed , Zamora Javier , Pérez Teresa , Huda Mohammed S B , Thangaratinam Shakila 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a randomised trial on the effects of myo-inositol in preventing gestational diabetes in high-risk pregnant women.DesignA multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot randomised trial with nested qualitative evaluation.SettingFive inner city UK National Health Service hospitalsParticipantsMultiethnic pregnant women at 12+0and 15+6weeks’ gestation with risk factors for gestational diabetes.Interventions2 g of myo-inositol or placebo, both included 200 µg folic acid, twice daily until delivery.Primary outcome measuresRates of recruitment, randomisation, adherence and follow-up.Secondary outcome measuresGlycaemic indices (including homoeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance HOMA-IR), gestational diabetes (diagnosed using oral glucose tolerance test at 28 weeks and by delivery), maternal, perinatal outcomes, acceptability of intervention and costs.ResultsOf the 1326 women screened, 58% (773/1326) were potentially eligible, and 27% (205/773) were recruited. We randomised 97% (198/205) of all recruited women (99 each in intervention and placebo arms) and ascertained outcomes in 90% of women (178/198) by delivery. The mean adherence was 52% (SD 44) at 28 weeks’ and 34% (SD 41) at 36 weeks’ gestation. HOMA-IR and serum insulin levels were lower in the myo-inositol vs placebo arm (mean difference −0.6, 95% CI −1.2 to 0.0 and −2.69, 95% CI −5.26 to −0.18, respectively). The study procedures were acceptable to women and healthcare professionals. Women who perceived themselves at high risk of gestational diabetes were more likely to participate and adhere to the intervention. The powder form of myo-inositol and placebo, along with nausea in pregnancy were key barriers to adherence.ConclusionsA future trial on myo-inositol versus placebo to prevent gestational diabetes is feasible. The intervention will need to be delivered in a non-powder form to improve adherence. There is a signal for efficacy in reducing insulin resistance in pregnancy with myo-inositol.Trial registration numberISRCTN48872100.
Clinical profile, risk factors and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19: a retrospective cohort multicentre study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albuali Waleed H , AlGhamdi Amal A , Aldossary Shaikha J , AlHarbi Saleh A , Al Majed Sami I , Alenizi Ahmed , Al-Qahtani Mohammad H , Lardhi Amer A , Al-Turki Shams A , AlSanea Abdulaziz S , Bubshait Dalal K , Kobeisy Sumayyah A , Herzallah Noor H , Alqarni Wejdan A , AlHarbi Abeer H , Albuali Hamad W , Aldossary Bader J , AlQurashi Faisal O , Yousef Abdullah A 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the risk factors, clinical profile and outcomes of COVID-19 in the paediatric population.DesignMulticentre, retrospective observational study.SettingFour tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia.PatientsWe recruited 390 paediatric patients aged 0–18 years who presented from March to December 2020 and tested positive for COVID-19 on PCR.Main outcome measuresWe retrospectively analysed medical records for sociodemographics, health indicators, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, clinical complications, and outcomes.ResultsThe mean participant age was 5.66±4.90 years, and the mean hospital stay was 2.17±3.48 days. Forty patients, mostly school-aged children (16, 40.00%; p=0.005) and children with comorbidities (25, 62.50%; p<0.001), received more than just supportive care. Complications were seen in 15 (3.9%) patients, bacterial infection being the most common (6, 40.00%). Patients presented with dyspnoea (OR 6.89; 95% CI 2.89 to 20.72), abnormal chest radiographs (OR 6.11; 95% CI 1.26 to 29.38), lethargy (OR 9.04; 95% CI 2.91 to 28.06) and elevated ferritin (OR 14.21; 95% CI 4.18 to 48.37) and D-dimer (OR 48.40; 95% CI 14.32 to 163.62), with higher odds of developing complications. The odds of paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admission were higher for patients with dyspnoea (adjusted OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.24 to 17.50) and elevated white blood cell count (adjusted OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.02 to 12.30).ConclusionsCOVID-19 complications were limited among our patients. However, dyspnoea, abnormal chest radiographs, lethargy and elevated ferritin and D-dimer were associated with an increased risk of complications. Dyspnoea, leucocytosis, comorbidities and abnormal chest radiographs at presentation increased the risk of ICU admission.
Predictors of falls and fractures leading to hospitalisation in 36 101 people with affective disorders: a large representative cohort study
Authors: Ma Ruimin , Perera Gayan , Romano Eugenia , Vancampfort Davy , Koyanagi Ai , Stewart Robert , Mueller Christoph , Stubbs Brendon 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate predictors of falls and fractures leading to hospitalisation in people with affective disorders.DesignCohort study.SettingThe South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust (SLaM) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Case Register.ParticipantsA large cohort of people with affective disorders (International Classification of Diseases- 10th version [ICD-10] codes F30–F34) diagnosed between January 2008 and March 2016 was assembled using data from the SLaM BRC Case Register.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFalls and fractures leading to hospitalisation were ascertained from linked national hospitalisation data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were administrated to identify predictors of first falls and fractures.ResultsOf 36 101 people with affective disorders (mean age 44.4 years, 60.2% female), 816 (incidence rate 9.91 per 1000 person-years) and 1117 (incidence rate 11.92 per 1000 person-years) experienced either a fall or fracture, respectively. In multivariable analyses, older age, analgesic use, increased physical illness burden, previous hospital admission due to certain comorbid physical illnesses and increase in attendances to accident and emergency services following diagnosis were significant risk factors for both falls and fractures. Having a history of falls was a strong risk factor for recurrent falls, and a previous fracture was also associated with future fractures.ConclusionsOver a mean 5 years’ follow-up, approximately 8% of people with affective disorders were hospitalised with a fall or fracture. Several similar factors were found to predict risk of falls and fracture, for example, older age, comorbid physical disorders and analgesic use. Routine screening for bone mineral density and fall prevention programmes should be considered for this clinical group.
How to identify clinically significant diabetes distress using the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale in adults with diabetes treated in primary or secondary care? Evidence for new cut points based on latent class analyses
Authors: de Wit M , Pouwer Frans , Snoek F J 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe Problem Areas of Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire is a frequently used measure to assess diabetes-distress. The aim of this study was to identify clinically meaningful levels of diabetes-distress, using latent class analyses (LCA), and to determine which groups were at increased risk of elevated diabetes-distress in terms of sex, age, type of diabetes and glycaemic control.MethodsData were derived from four studies (total N=2966, 49% female, age range 18–95 years, 43% type 1 diabetes, diabetes duration range 0–79 years). LCAs were performed to examine possible latent groups in the distribution of answers on the individual PAID items. Demographic and diabetes-related characteristics were added to the model to estimate their effects on latent class membership and receiver operating curves curves to determine cut-offs.ResultsThree levels of diabetes distress were distinguished with defined cut-off scores and labelled as: low, moderate and high diabetes distress. Levels of distress did not associate with distinct clusters of items. Older people were more likely to be part of the low distress class; women and people with high HbA1cwere more likely to be part of the high distress class. Sensitivity and specificity of the commonly used cut-off of 40 for high distress are 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. To distinguish the moderate distress group, cut-off scores of 17 and 39 are optimal with a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.94.ConclusionThree levels of diabetes-distress can be distinguished: low, moderate and high diabetes distress. Younger people, women and people with poor glycaemic control are at an increased risk for high levels of distress. A cut-off of 40 is satisfactory to detect people with high levels of diabetes-distress; a score of 0–16 indicates low diabetes distress and a score of 17–39 moderate diabetes distress.
CircITGB6 promotes ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance by resetting tumor-associated macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype
Authors: Li Han , Luo Fan , Jiang Xingyu , Zhang Weijing , Xiang Tong , Pan Qiuzhong , Cai Liming , Zhao Jingjing , Weng Desheng , Li Yue , Dai Yuhu , Sun Fengze , Yang Chaopin , Huang Yue , Yang Jieying , Tang Yan , Han Yulong , He Mian , Zhang Yanna , Song Libing , Xia Jian-Chuan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPlatinum resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Accumulating evidence shows that the tumor-promotive M2 macrophage is linked to the limiting chemotherapy efficacy of multiple malignancies including OC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs which function as the critical regulator in biological process of cancer. However, their impact on macrophage polarization and chemoresistance of OC remain unclear.MethodsPlatinum-resistant circRNAs were screened using circRNA deep sequencing and validated using in situ hybridization in OC tissues with or without platinum resistance. The role of circITGB6 in inducing cisplatin (CDDP) resistance was evaluated by clone formation, immunofluorescence and annexin V assays in vitro, and by intraperitoneal tumor model in vivo. The mechanism underlying circITGB6-mediated tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization into M2 phenotype was investigated using RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), ELISA and immunofluorescence assays.ResultsWe identified that a novel circRNA, circITGB6, robustly elevated in tumor tissues and serums from patients with OC with platinum resistance, was correlated with poor prognosis. circITGB6 overexpression promoted an M2 macrophage-dependent CDDP resistance in both vivo and vitro. Mechanistic research determined that circITGB6 directly interacted with IGF2BP2 and FGF9 mRNA to form a circITGB6/IGF2BP2/FGF9 RNA–protein ternary complex in the cytoplasm, thereby stabilizing FGF9 mRNA and inducing polarization of TAMs toward M2 phenotype. Importantly, blocking M2 macrophage polarization with an antisense oligonucleotide targeting circITGB6 markedly reversed the circITGB6-induced CDDP resistance of OC in vivo.ConclusionsThis study reveals a novel mechanism for platinum resistance in OC and demonstrates that circITGB6 may serve as a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for patients with OC.
A novel autonomous remote system applied in agriculture using transmission control protocol
Authors: Deroussi Anass , Ait Madi Abdessalam , Alihamidi Imam , Charaf Lalla Amina , Saber Mohammed , Erraoui Anass , Addaim Adnane 
Published: March 2022

<span lang="EN-US">An internet of things (IoT) irrigation system is challenged by several issues, such as cost, energy consumption, and data storage. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient, cost-effective IoT system called "NewAgriCom" to monitor agricultural field water flow. NewAgriCom works with an embedded energy harvesting system, is an autonomous remote supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) based on a general packet radio service (GPRS) cellular network that effectively communicates irrigation field data to the Node.js server using SIM808 EVBV3.2 modem. In javascript object notation (JSON) format, data is transmitted over the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol to the MySQL database. Then data are transferred to the proposed IoT platform, which gives us a hand to control actuators, visualise, store and download the data. NewAgriCom can significantly reduce water consumption. It can set a schedule to control water automatically at specific times in various modes, including normal, light, and deep sleep modes. It regularly provides the location, time, signal strength, and the state of actuators with the identifier of every device remotely on the IoT Platform.</span><p> </p>
Flexibilização legislativa para a certificação de hospitais sem fins lucrativos no Brasil
Authors: Zanatta Carolina Lopes , Scheffer Mário César 
Published: March 2022

Para as entidades beneficentes de assistência social que prestam serviços ao Sistema Único de Saúde, a Constituição Federal de 1988 previu a concessão de imunidade tributária, desde que atendidos os requisitos previstos em lei. Ocorre que há uma primeira dificuldade em estabelecer os conceitos de entidade filantrópica e entidade beneficente de assistência social, bem como as diferenças entre eles. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão e uma reflexão sobre a diferença doutrinária entre os conceitos de filantropia e beneficência social, discutir o processo histórico de certificação dos hospitais sem fins lucrativos que prestam serviços ao Sistema Único de Saúde para obtenção de imunidade tributária e identificar as consequências disso para a seguridade social (previdência, saúde e assistência social) no Brasil. Esta reflexão se faz de suma importância, principalmente em momentos de escassez de recursos financeiros em que há tentativas de fragilizar o sistema de seguridade social do país. A Constituição Federal de 1988 adotou o termo “entidade beneficente de assistência social” para a concessão de imunidade tributária, conceito que se distingue do de filantropia por envolver três características essenciais da assistência social: serviços de natureza essencial, gratuidade e acesso generalizado a quem necessita. Essa ampliação de conceito e as flexibilizações legislativas ocorridas ao longo dos anos para permitir a concessão de certificado – e, consequentemente, a obtenção de imunidade tributária – prejudicam a arrecadação de recursos para a seguridade social e podem ocasionar desvantagens para o Sistema Único de Saúde.