bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative reproductive biology of pre-, imaginal, and neotenic castes of the Asian termiteCoptotermes gestroi(Blattaria, Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Costa-Leonardo Ana Maria , Janei Vanelize , da Silva Iago Bueno 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Asian subterranean termiteCoptotermes gestroiis a worldwide structural pest, although its reproductive biology has been poorly investigated due to a cryptic habit and occurrence of polycalic nests. In this study, we investigated ovarian development and oogenesis in different-aged females ofC. gestroi: fourth-instar nymphs, non-functional neotenics, alates, and functional queens. We show that the ovaries develop gradually according to their age and functionality, as younger individuals possess immature oocytes, whereas alates and functional queens always undergo vitellogenesis. Oocytes were classified into previtellogenic (stages I, II, and III) or vitellogenic (stages IV, V, and VI). Ovary development varied among non-functional neotenics, and a rapid differentiation and/or the presence of primary reproductives are believed to influence such a maturation. Immature oocyte stages were shared between fourth-instar nymphs and neotenics. These characteristics, together with other neotenic features (wing buds, body pigmentation, and eye color), should be evaluated in detail aiming to clarify which nymphal instars differentiate into secondary reproductives. Oogenesis was not uniform among alate females, and cross-sectional area of terminal oocytes was significantly smaller in alates when compared to functional queens, suggesting different degrees of maturation in swarming individuals. Functional queens always had mature terminal oocytes (stage VI). Ovariole number and oocyte maturation inC. gestroirelies on several factors and may therefore differ among individuals of the same caste. Future studies should take into account these reproductive features to evaluate how they impact colony development.
Radical-right populism in Spain and the strategy of chronopolitics
Authors: Divita David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven ongoing debates in Spain over how to reckon with its recent past, time operates as a potent site for doing politics in the Peninsula. In this article, I develop the concept of chronopolitics—that is, the discursive configuration of time or history to advance political projects in the present—by analyzing a speech from the leader of Vox, a radical-right populist party in Spain. Through detailed analysis of the text, I reveal a range of chronopolitical strategies, including blatant acts of historical revisionism and the resurrection of slogans associated with Spain's authoritarian past. I also shed insight on more subtle forms of chronopolitical action: the confusion of temporal modes, the subversion of linear perceptions of time, and metapragmatic talk about historical interpretation itself. My aim is to illuminate Vox's particular tactics of persuasion, while drawing lessons from the case of Spain about the mechanics of populist discourse in general. (Spain, Vox, populism, chronopolitics, time, history)*
Position control of a wheel-based miniature magnetic robot using neuro-fuzzy network
Authors: Salehi Mobin , Nejat Pishkenari Hossein , Zohoor Hassan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUntethered small-scale robots can accomplish tasks which are not feasible by conventional macro robots. In the current research, we have designed and fabricated a miniature magnetic robot actuated by an external magnetic field. The proposed robot has two coaxial wheels and one magnetic dipole which is capable of rolling and moving on the surface by variation in the direction of magnetic field. To generate the desired magnetic field, a Helmholtz electromagnetic coil is manufactured. To steer the robot to the desired position, at first the robot dynamics is investigated, and subsequently a controller based on a neuro-fuzzy network has been designed. Finally, the proposed controller is implemented experimentally and the performance of the control system is demonstrated.
On approximation of the analytic fixed finite time large t probability distributions in an extreme renewal process with no-mean inter-renewals
Authors: Brill Percy H. , Huang Mei Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider an extreme renewal process with no-mean heavy-tailed Pareto(II) inter-renewals and shape parameter $\alpha$ where $0\lt\alpha \leq 1$. Two steps are required to derive integral expressions for the analytic probability density functions (pdfs) of the fixed finite time $t$ excess, age, and total life, and require extensive computations. Step 1 creates and solves a Volterra integral equation of the second kind for the limiting pdf of a basic underlying regenerative process defined in the text, which is used for all three fixed finite time $t$ pdfs. Step 2 builds the aforementioned integral expressions based on the limiting pdf in the basic underlying regenerative process. The limiting pdfs of the fixed finite time $t$ pdfs as $t\rightarrow \infty$ do not exist. To reasonably observe the large $t$ pdfs in the extreme renewal process, we approximate them using the limiting pdfs having simple well-known formulas, in a companion renewal process where inter-renewals are right-truncated Pareto(II) variates with finite mean; this does not involve any computations. The distance between the approximating limiting pdfs and the analytic fixed finite time large $t$ pdfs is given by an $L_{1}$ metric taking values in $(0,1)$, where “near $0$” means “close” and “near $1$” means “far”.
Nonlinear and unbalanced urn models with two types of strategies: a stochastic approximation point of view
Authors: Idriss Soumaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we treat a nonlinear and unbalanced $2$-color urn scheme, subjected to two different nonlinear drawing rules, depending on the color withdrawn. We prove a central limit theorem as well as a law of large numbers for the urn composition. We also give an estimate of the mean and variance of both types of balls.
Can Non-Physician Providers Use Ultrasound to Aid in Establishing Peripheral IV Access in Patients Who are Difficult to Cannulate? A Scoping Review
Authors: Burton Samuel O. , Donovan Jake K. , Jones Samuel L. , Meadley Benjamin N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Non-physician performed point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is emerging as a diagnostic adjunct with the potential to enhance current practice. The scope of POCUS utility is broad and well-established in-hospital, yet limited research has occurred in the out-of-hospital environment. Many physician-based studies expound the value of POCUS in the acute setting as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool. This study utilized a scoping review methodology to map the literature pertaining to non-physician use of POCUS to improve success of peripheral intravenous access (PIVA), especially in patients predicted to be difficult to cannulate.Methods:Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched from January 1, 1990 through April 15, 2021. A thorough search of the grey literature and reference lists of relevant articles was also performed to identify additional studies. Articles were included if they examined non-physician utilization of ultrasound-guided PIVA (USGPIVA) for patients anticipated to be difficult to cannulate.Results:A total of 158 articles were identified. A total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of participants had varied experience with ultrasound, making accurate comparison difficult. Training and education were non-standardized, as was the approach to determining difficult intravenous access (DIVA). Despite this, the majority of the studies demonstrated high first attempt and overall success rates for PIVA performed by non-physicians.Conclusion:Non-physician USGPIVA appears to be a superior method for PIVA when difficulty is anticipated. Additional benefits include reduced requirement for central venous catheter (CVC) or intraosseous (IO) needle placement. Paramedics, nurses, and emergency department (ED) technicians are able to achieve competence in this skill with relatively little training. Further research is required to explore the utility of this practice in the out-of-hospital environment.
What about the therapist? – a quantitative exploration of the pathways from a therapist’s professional life to their personal well-being
Authors: Altaf Sidrah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOccupational stress has been identified as one of the biggest contributors to therapists’ poor mental well-being; however, these ‘wear and tear’ effects are not universal. This study aimed to distinguish between these experiences, by exploring potential avenues through which a therapist’s professional life may impact their well-being. Previous research has highlighted four avenues: self-doubt, developmental depletion, developmental growth, and years of experience. A sample of 65 cognitive behavioural therapists were recruited from four Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services and a cognitive behavioural therapy training course at Buckinghamshire New University. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. Each participant completed a questionnaire consisting of subscales of the ‘Development of Psychotherapist Common Core Questionnaire’ to measure potential avenues (Orlinskyet al., 1999a), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale to measure mental well-being (Tennantet al., 2007). A multiple regression andpost-hocmediation analyses were conducted. The multiple regression analysis found three significant direct pathways predicting well-being: self-doubt, developmental depletion, and developmental growth. Thepost-hocmediation analyses found two significant indirect pathways between self-doubt and well-being mediated by developmental experience (growth and depletion). Years of experience had a non-significant direct and indirect pathway predicting well-being. The results suggested that therapists experiencing more growth, less depletion and less self-doubt experienced more positive mental well-being than those experiencing depletion and self-doubt, and less growth. When therapists experience high self-doubt, whether they also experience depletion or growth, they experience poor mental well-being. The implications for practice and future avenues of research are discussed.Key learning aims(1)To understand the potential impact of therapists’ professional lives on their well-being.(2)To understand the role of developmental experience and self-doubt.
Exposure to p,p´-DDE during early pregnancy, anthropometry, and gestational age at birth, in a flower-growing region of Mexico
Authors: Torres-Sánchez Luisa , Escamilla-Nuñez Maria Consuelo , Cebrian Mariano E. , Ancira-Moreno Monica , Rivera-Pasquel Marta , Lope Virginia , Ramos-Treviño Juan , Blanco-Muñoz Julia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE) may interfere with fetal development; however, studies evaluating anthropometry and gestational age at birth show inconsistent results. Typically, p,p´-DDE exposure has been measured during the third trimester and missed the key early pregnancy period. We evaluated the association between p,p´-DDE exposure before week 18 of pregnancy and anthropometry at birth, as well as gestational length, in 170 mother–child pairs from a cohort study in a flower-growing mexican region. Maternal serum p,p´-DDE concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The associations between p,p´-DDE and z-scores of birth weight, birth length, and gestational age were evaluated by linear multiple regression models. Logistic regression models were used for low birth weight and small size for gestational age. Effect modification by child’s sex was explored. The average gestational age at the blood sample extraction was 10.6 weeks. p,p'-DDE was detected in 64.7% of mothers, at a geometric mean of 0.24 ng/mL. Prenatal p,p´-DDE exposure was not associated with the birth outcomes in the whole sample. However, a high p,p´-DDE exposure was marginally associated with greater small for gestational age risk in male newborns (OR≥0.076ng/mL vs <0.076 ng/mL = 3.09, 95% CI: 0.61; 15.58), but not in female (p for interaction = 0.08).Even though, we found no reductions in anthropometric measurements or gestational length associated with early prenatal p,p´-DDE exposure, the potential effect modification by infant’s sex in terms of small for the gestational age risk deserves future studies.
Attributing and Projecting Heatwaves Is Hard: We Can Do Better
Authors: Van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Wehner Michael F. , Vautard Robert , Otto Friederike E. L. , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Stott Peter A. , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Kew Sarah F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt sounds straightforward. As the Earth warms due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global temperatures rise and so heatwaves become warmer as well. This means that a fixed temperature threshold is passed more often: the probability of extreme heat increases. However, land use changes, vegetation change, irrigation, air pollution, and other changes also drive local and regional trends in heatwaves. Sometimes they enhance heatwave intensity, but they can also counteract the effects of climate change, and in some regions, the mechanisms that impact on trends in heatwaves have not yet been fully identified. Climate models simulate heatwaves and the increased intensity and probability of extreme heat reasonably well on large scales. However, changes in annual daily maximum temperatures do not follow global warming over some regions, including the Eastern United States and parts of Asia, reflecting the influence of local drivers as well as natural variability. Also, temperature variability is unrealistic in many models, and can fail standard quality checks. Therefore, reliable attribution and projection of change in heatwaves remain a major scientific challenge in many regions, particularly where the moisture budget is not well simulated, and where land surface changes, changes in short‐lived forcers, and soil moisture interactions are important.
An Online‐Learned Neural Network Chemical Solver for Stable Long‐Term Global Simulations of Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Kelp Makoto M. , Jacob Daniel J. , Lin Haipeng , Sulprizio Melissa P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA major computational barrier in global modeling of atmospheric chemistry is the numerical integration of the coupled kinetic equations describing the chemical mechanism. Machine‐learned (ML) solvers can offer order of magnitude speedup relative to conventional implicit solvers but past implementations have suffered from fast error growth and only run for short simulation times (<1 month). A successful ML solver for global models must avoid error growth over yearlong simulations and allow for reinitialization of the chemical trajectory by transport at every time step. Here, we explore the capability of a neural network solver equipped with an autoencoder to achieve stable full‐year simulations of tropospheric oxidant chemistry in the global 3‐D Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem model, replacing its standard mechanism (228 species) by the Super‐Fast mechanism (12 species) to avoid the curse of dimensionality. We find that online training of the ML solver within GEOS‐Chem is important for accuracy, whereas offline training from archived GEOS‐Chem inputs/outputs produces large errors. After online training, we achieve stable 1‐year simulations with five‐fold speedup compared to the standard implicit Rosenbrock solver with global tropospheric normalized mean biases of −0.3% for ozone, 1% for hydrogen oxide radicals, and −5% for nitrogen oxides. The ML solver captures the diurnal and synoptic variability of surface ozone at polluted and clean sites. There are however large regional biases for ozone and NOx under remote conditions where chemical aging leads to error accumulation. These regional biases remain a major limitation for practical application, and ML emulation would be more difficult in a more complex mechanism.
What next for eating disorder genetics? Replacing myths with facts to sharpen our understanding
Authors: Huckins Laura M. , Signer Rebecca , Johnson Jessica , Wu Ya-Ke , Mitchell Karen S. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in the understanding of anorexia nervosa (AN) and eating disorder (ED) genetics through the efforts of large-scale collaborative consortia, yielding the first genome-wide significant loci, AN-associated genes, and insights into metabo-psychiatric underpinnings of the disorders. However, the translatability, generalizability, and reach of these insights are hampered by an overly narrow focus in our research. In particular, stereotypes, myths, assumptions and misconceptions have resulted in incomplete or incorrect understandings of ED presentations and trajectories, and exclusion of certain patient groups from our studies. In this review, we aim to counteract these historical imbalances. Taking as our starting point the Academy for Eating Disorders (AED) Truth #5 “Eating disorders affect people of all genders, ages, races, ethnicities, body shapes and weights, sexual orientations, and socioeconomic statuses”, we discuss what we do and do not know about the genetic underpinnings of EDs among people in each of these groups, and suggest strategies to design more inclusive studies. In the second half of our review, we outline broad strategic goals whereby ED researchers can expand the diversity, insights, and clinical translatability of their studies.
Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics reveals immune landscape for interstitial cystitis
Authors: Peng Liao , Jin Xi , Li Bo-ya , Zeng Xiao , Liao Bang-hua , Jin Tao , Chen Jia-wei , Gao Xiao-shuai , Wang Wei , He Qing , Chen Guo , Gong Li-Na , Shen Hong , Wang Kun-jie , Li Hong , Luo De-yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterstitial cystitis (IC) is a severely debilitating and chronic disorder with unclear etiology and pathophysiology, which makes the diagnosis difficult and treatment challenging. To investigate the role of immunity in IC bladders, we sequenced 135,091 CD45+ immune cells from 15 female patients with IC and 9 controls with stress urinary incontinence using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). 22 immune subpopulations were identified in the constructed landscape. Among them, M2-like macrophages, inflammatory CD14+ macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells had the most communications with other immune cells. Then, a significant increase of central memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, GZMK+CD8+ T cells, activated B cells, un-switched memory B cells, and neutrophils, and a significant decrease of CD8+ effector T cells, Th17 cells, follicular helper T cells, switched memory B cells, transitional B cells, and macrophages were noted in IC bladders. The enrichment analysis identified a virus-related response during the dynamic change of cell proportion, furthermore, the human polyomavirus-2 was detected with a positive rate of 95% in urine of patients with IC. By integrating the results of scRNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics, we found nearly all immune subpopulations were enriched in the urothelial region or located close to fibroblasts in IC bladders, but they were discovered around urothelium and smooth muscle cells in control bladders. These findings depict the immune landscape for IC and might provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of IC.
Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris using TRUShape, TruNatomy, and WaveOne Gold in curved canals
Authors: Roshdy Nehal Nabil , Hassan Reham 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the quantity of extruded debris after instrumentation with TRUShape 3D Conforming files, TruNatomy files, and the WaveOne Gold reciprocating system.Materials and methodsFifty-one mesiobuccal canals with severe curvatures (25–40°) were assigned to three equal groups according to the rotary system used for preparation, either TRUShape, TruNatomy, or WaveOne Gold files. The extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed glass vials. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test.ResultsThe least extruded debris was obtained with the WaveOne Gold instruments compared to the TRUShape and TruNatomy files (p < 0.001).ConclusionsDebris extrusion occurs independently of the motion or design of the instrument. The WaveOne Gold system outperformed TRUShape and TruNatomy files in this study.
Kindlin-2 promotes Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of androgen receptor and contributes to breast cancer progression
Authors: Ma Luyao , Tian Yeteng , Qian Tao , Li Wenjun , Liu Chengmin , Chu Bizhu , Kong Qian , Cai Renwei , Bai Panzhu , Ma Lisha , Deng Yi , Tian Ruijun , Wu Chuanyue , Sun Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) signaling plays important roles in breast cancer progression. We show here that Kindlin-2, a focal adhesion protein, is critically involved in the promotion of AR signaling and breast cancer progression. Kindlin-2 physically associates with AR and Src through its two neighboring domains, namely F1 and F0 domains, resulting in formation of a Kindlin-2-AR-Src supramolecular complex and consequently facilitating Src-mediated AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation and signaling. Depletion of Kindlin-2 was sufficient to suppress Src-mediated AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation and signaling, resulting in diminished breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Re-expression of wild-type Kindlin-2, but not AR-binding-defective or Src-binding-defective mutant forms of Kindlin-2, in Kindlin-2-deficient cells restored AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation, signaling, breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, re-introduction of phosphor-mimic mutant AR-Y534D, but not wild-type AR reversed Kindlin-2 deficiency-induced inhibition of AR signaling and breast cancer progression. Finally, using a genetic knockout strategy, we show that ablation of Kindlin-2 from mammary tumors in mouse significantly reduced AR Tyr-534 phosphorylation, breast tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. Our results suggest a critical role of Kindlin-2 in promoting breast cancer progression and shed light on the molecular mechanism through which it functions in this process.
Giant converse magnetoelectric effect in a multiferroic heterostructure with polycrystalline Co2FeSi
Authors: Fujii Shumpei , Usami Takamasa , Shiratsuchi Yu , Kerrigan Adam M. , Yatmeidhy Amran Mahfudh , Yamada Shinya , Kanashima Takeshi , Nakatani Ryoichi , Lazarov Vlado K. , Oguchi Tamio , Gohda Yoshihiro , Hamaya Kohei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo overcome a bottleneck in spintronic applications such as those of ultralow-power magnetoresistive random-access memory devices, the electric-field control of magnetization vectors in ferromagnetic electrodes has shown much promise. Here, we show the giant converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect in a multiferroic heterostructure consisting of the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co2FeSi and ferroelectric-oxide Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) for electric-field control of magnetization vectors. Using an in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of polycrystalline Co2FeSi film grown on PMN-PT(011), the nonvolatile and repeatable magnetization vector switchings in remanent states are demonstrated. The CME coupling coefficient of the polycrystalline Co2FeSi/PMN-PT(011) is over 1.0 × 10−5 s/m at room temperature, comparable to those of single-crystalline Fe1-xGax/PMN-PT systems. The giant CME effect has been demonstrated by the strain-induced variation in the magnetic anisotropy energy of Co2FeSi with an L21-ordered structure. This approach can lead to a new solution to the reduction in the write power in spintronic memory architectures at room temperature.