bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plant trans-Golgi network component ECHIDNA regulates defense, cell death, and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Lijiang , Qin Li , Safdar Luqman Bin , Zhao Chuanji , Cheng Xiaohui , Xie Meili , Zhang Yi , Gao Feng , Bai Zetao , Huang Junyan , Bhalerao Rishikesh P , Liu Shengyi , Wei Yangdou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) acts as a central platform for sorting and secreting various cargoes to the cell surface, thus being essential for the full execution of plant immunity. However, the fine-tuned regulation of TGN components in plant defense and stress response has been not fully elucidated. Our study revealed that despite largely compromising penetration resistance, the loss-of-function mutation of the TGN component protein ECHIDNA (ECH) induced enhanced postinvasion resistance to powdery mildew in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic and transcriptome analyses and hormone profiling demonstrated that ECH loss resulted in salicylic acid (SA) hyperaccumulation via the ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 biosynthesis pathway, thereby constitutively activating SA-dependent innate immunity that was largely responsible for the enhanced postinvasion resistance. Furthermore, the ech mutant displayed accelerated SA-independent spontaneous cell death and constitutive POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE 4-mediated callose depositions. In addition, ECH loss led to a chronically prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress in the ech mutant. These results provide insights into understanding the role of TGN components in the regulation of plant immunity and stress responses.
Tracking the upstream history of aquatic microbes in a boreal lake yields new insights on microbial community assembly
Authors: Crevecoeur Sophie , Prairie Yves T , del Giorgio Paul A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bacterial community structure can change rapidly across short spatial and temporal scales as environmental conditions vary, but the mechanisms underlying those changes are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed how a lake microbial community assembles by following its reorganization from the main tributary, which, when flowing into the lake, first traverses an extensive macrophyte-dominated vegetated habitat, before reaching the open water. Environmental conditions in the vegetated habitat changed drastically compared to both river and lake waters and represented a strong environmental gradient for the incoming bacteria. We used amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and transcript to reconstruct the shifts in relative abundance of individual taxa and link this to their pattern in activity (here assessed with RNA:DNA ratios). Our results indicate that major shifts in relative abundance were restricted mostly to rare taxa (&lt;0.1% of relative abundance), which seemed more responsive to environmental changes. Dominant taxa (&gt;1% of relative abundance), on the other hand, traversed the gradient mostly unchanged with relatively low and stable RNA:DNA ratios. We also identified a high level of local recruitment and a seedbank of taxa capable of activating/inactivating, but these were almost exclusively associated with the rare biosphere. Our results suggest a scenario where the lake community results from a reshuffling of the rank abundance structure within the incoming rare biosphere, driven by selection and growth, and that numerical dominance is not a synonym of activity, growth rate, or environmental selection, but rather reflect mass effects structuring these freshwater bacterial communities.
The origins and molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in the UK
Authors: Hill Verity , Du Plessis Louis , Peacock Thomas P , Aggarwal Dinesh , Colquhoun Rachel , Carabelli Alesandro M , Ellaby Nicholas , Gallagher Eileen , Groves Natalie , Jackson Ben , McCrone J T , O’Toole Áine , Price Anna , Sanderson Theo , Scher Emily , Southgate Joel , Volz Erik , Barclay Wendy S , Barrett Jeffrey C , Chand Meera , Connor Thomas , Goodfellow Ian , Gupta Ravindra K , Harrison Ewan M , Loman Nicholas , Myers Richard , Robertson David L , Pybus Oliver G , Rambaut Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The first SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) to be designated was lineage B.1.1.7, later labelled by the World Health Organization as Alpha. Originating in early autumn but discovered in December 2020, it spread rapidly and caused large waves of infections worldwide. The Alpha variant is notable for being defined by a long ancestral phylogenetic branch with an increased evolutionary rate, along which only two sequences have been sampled. Alpha genomes comprise a well-supported monophyletic clade within which the evolutionary rate is typical of SARS-CoV-2. The Alpha epidemic continued to grow despite the continued restrictions on social mixing across the UK and the imposition of new restrictions, in particular, the English national lockdown in November 2020. While these interventions succeeded in reducing the absolute number of cases, the impact of these non-pharmaceutical interventions was predominantly to drive the decline of the SARS-CoV-2 lineages that preceded Alpha. We investigate the only two sampled sequences that fall on the branch ancestral to Alpha. We find that one is likely to be a true intermediate sequence, providing information about the order of mutational events that led to Alpha. We explore alternate hypotheses that can explain how Alpha acquired a large number of mutations yet remained largely unobserved in a region of high genomic surveillance: an under-sampled geographical location, a non-human animal population, or a chronically infected individual. We conclude that the latter provides the best explanation of the observed behaviour and dynamics of the variant, although the individual need not be immunocompromised, as persistently infected immunocompetent hosts also display a higher within-host rate of evolution. Finally, we compare the ancestral branches and mutation profiles of other VOCs and find that Delta appears to be an outlier both in terms of the genomic locations of its defining mutations and a lack of the rapid evolutionary rate on its ancestral branch. As new variants, such as Omicron, continue to evolve (potentially through similar mechanisms), it remains important to investigate the origins of other variants to identify ways to potentially disrupt their evolution and emergence.
Masquelet Technique for the Tibia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Outcomes
Authors: Griffin Jarod T. , Landy David C. , Sneed Chandler R. , Liu Boshen , Kavolus Matthew , Pectol Richard W. , Gitajn Ida Leah , Oh Jong-Keon , Aneja Arun 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To systematically review outcomes of the Masquelet “induced membrane” technique (MT) in treatment of tibial segmental bone loss and to assess the impact of defect size on union rate when using this procedure.

Data Sources:
PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, and SCOPUS were searched for English language studies from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2019.

Study Selection:
Studies describing the MT procedure performed in tibiae of 5 or more adult patients were included. Pseudo-arthrosis, nonhuman, pediatric, technique, nontibial bone defect, and non-English studies were excluded, along with studies with less than 5 patients. Selection adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria.

Data Extraction:
A total of 30 studies with 643 tibiae were included in this meta-analysis. Two reviewers systematically screened titles or abstracts, followed by full texts, to ensure quality, accuracy, and consensus among authors for inclusion or exclusion criteria of the studies. In case of disagreement, articles were read in full to assess their eligibility by the senior author. Study quality was assessed using previously reported criteria.

Data Synthesis:
Meta-analysis was performed with random-effects models and meta-regression. A meta-analytic estimate of union rate independent of defect size when using the MT in the tibia was 84% (95% CI, 79%–88%). There was no statistically significant association between defect size and union rate (P = 0.11).

Conclusions:
The MT is an effective method for the treatment of segmental bone loss in the tibia and can be successful even for large defects. Future work is needed to better understand the patient-specific factors most strongly associated with MT success and complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Risk of Postoperative Sciatic Nerve Palsy After Posterior Acetabular Fracture Fixation: Does Patient Position Matter?
Authors: Chen Jason Y. , Sharma Ishani , Sabbagh Ramsey S. , Narendran Nakul , Everhart Josh S. , Slaven James E. , Archdeacon Michael T. , Sagi Henry Claude , Mullis Brian H. , Natoli Roman M. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
To determine whether the prone or lateral position is associated with postoperative sciatic nerve palsy in posterior acetabular fracture fixation.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Three Level I trauma centers.

Patients:
Patients with acetabular fractures treated with a posterior approach (n = 1045).

Intervention:
Posterior acetabular fixation in the prone or lateral positions.

Outcome Measurements:
The primary outcome was the prevalence of postoperative sciatic nerve palsy by position. Secondary outcomes were risk factors for nerve palsy, using multiple regression analysis and propensity scoring.

Results:
The rate of postoperative sciatic nerve palsy was 9.5% (43/455) in the prone position and 1.5% (9/590) in the lateral position (P < 0.001). Intraoperative blood loss and surgical duration were significantly higher for patients who developed a postoperative sciatic nerve palsy. Subgroup analysis showed that position did not influence palsy prevalence in posterior wall fractures. For other fracture patterns, propensity score analysis demonstrated a significantly increased odds ratio of palsy in the prone position [aOR 7.14 (2.22–23.00); P = 0.001].

Conclusions:
With the exception of posterior wall fracture patterns, the results of this study suggest that factors associated with increased risk for postoperative sciatic nerve palsy after a posterior approach are fractures treated in the prone position, increased blood loss, and prolonged operative duration. These risks should be considered alongside the other goals (eg, reduction quality) of acetabular fracture surgery when choosing surgical positioning.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of In-Hospital Clinical Deterioration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Veldhuis Lars I. , Woittiez Nicky J. C. , Nanayakkara Prabath W. B. , Ludikhuize Jeroen 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To analyze the available literature on the performance of artificial intelligence-generated clinical models for the prediction of serious life-threatening events in non-ICU adult patients and evaluate their potential clinical usage.

DATA SOURCES:
The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles in English literature from January 1, 2000, to January 23, 2022. Search terms, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and deterioration, were both controlled terms and free-text terms.

STUDY SELECTION:
We performed a systematic search reporting studies that showed performance of artificial intelligence-based models with outcome mortality and clinical deterioration.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two review authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Studies with the same outcome were grouped, namely mortality and various forms of deterioration (including ICU admission, adverse events, and cardiac arrests). Meta-analysis was planned in case sufficient data would be extracted from each study and no considerable heterogeneity between studies was present.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
In total, 45 articles were included for analysis, in which multiple methods of artificial intelligence were used. Twenty-four articles described models for the prediction of mortality and 21 for clinical deterioration. Due to heterogeneity of study characteristics (patient cohort, outcomes, and prediction models), meta-analysis could not be performed. The main reported measure of performance was the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) (n = 38), of which 33 (87%) had an AUROC greater than 0.8. The highest reported performance in a model predicting mortality had an AUROC of 0.935 and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.96.

CONCLUSIONS:
Currently, a growing number of studies develop and analyzes artificial intelligence-based prediction models to predict critical illness and deterioration. We show that artificial intelligence-based prediction models have an overall good performance in predicting deterioration of patients. However, external validation of existing models and its performance in a clinical setting is highly recommended.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Muranaka Takashi , Hashimoto Kohei , Shindo Tetsuya , Shibamori Kosuke , Kyoda Yuki , Kobayashi Ko , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCUB) is rare. The optimal treatment for SCUB remains unclear. To address the problem of appropriate treatment for each case, we assessed single-modality and surgery-based multimodality treatments in patients with SCUB.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 12 patients with SCUB between 1990 and 2013. All patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and were diagnosed with SCUB. Their clinicopathological characteristics were assessed, and the outcomes were compared according to the treatment modality.

Results
The median (range) age at diagnosis was 66 years (range, 53–85 years). T1–4N0M0 was observed in 8 patients (66%), N1–3M0 in 2 (17%), and NanyM1 in 2 (17%). After transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, 6 patients (50%) underwent cystectomy alone, and 4 (33%) underwent cystectomy and presurgical or adjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin. During the median follow-up period of 20.7 months, 6 patients (50%) died of cancer, and 2 patients (17%) died of other causes. The median overall survival period was 1.9 years. The 5-year overall survival rate in patients who underwent cystectomy and chemotherapy was 75%, whereas that in those who underwent cystectomy alone and transurethral resection alone were 22% and 0%, respectively (p = 0.012). Recurrence-free survival was significantly correlated with cause-specific survival (r = 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.99; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Radical cystectomy with chemotherapy using the etoposide and cisplatin regimen improved the prognosis of patients with SCUB and TxNxM0. The time from initial progression to death due to cancer was very short, indicating that the initial treatment strategy is crucial.
The indispensable role of urinalysis for patients undergoing treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Di Gianfrancesco Luca , Ragonese Mauro , Palermo Giuseppe , Sacco Emilio , Nazario Foschi , Bassi PierFrancesco , Racioppi Marco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite several efforts in the search for noninvasive biomarkers to provide prognostic information for noninvasive muscle bladder cancer, none have shown significant potential. In this context, standard urinalysis is still necessary to provide many data. This method is an inexpensive, simple, and easy-to-repeat tool to follow-up patients over time. Urinalysis does not fall within study protocols and allows evaluation of the immune activation/response (even if indirectly). As such, this method can certainly provide useful information for prognosis.
Management of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Gale Stormi E. , Nguyen Bobbie , Dunn Steven P. , Kellison Erik , Gorman Emily F. , Beavers Craig 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Iron deficiency is common in patients with heart failure and has been associated with worse outcomes, including increases in mortality, disease progression, and hospitalizations. As such, several studies have evaluated the role of iron supplementation in mitigating these risks. Evidence for the role of intravenous iron in improving exercise capacity, quality of life, and hospitalizations is promising, although the benefits of oral iron remain less clear. This review will evaluate the literature surrounding iron supplementation in heart failure and provide practical recommendations for its management.
Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yang Shuai , Shen Wen , Zhang Hong-zhou , Wang Chen-xi , Yu Wan-qian , Wu Qing-hua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Only a few meta-analyses evaluated the effect of finerenone on cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease. The main aim of this meta-analysis was to gain more reliable assessments of the efficacy and safety of finerenone for prevention of cardiovascular events in diabetic kidney disease. We searched for finerenone in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease from database (PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov) until December 30, 2021. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by the Mantel–Haenszel random-effects model were used as summary statistics for the categorical data. We included 4 studies that met the inclusion criteria with 13,943 participants. The finerenone group demonstrated a great benefit in reducing the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (RR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.80–0.96; P = 0.003), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95% CI 0.80–0.99; P = 0.04), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.67–0.92; P = 0.003), and new-onset hypertension (RR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.62–0.81; P < 0.00001). No difference was found in adverse events between the finerenone and placebo groups (RR: 1.00; 95% CI [0.98–1.01], P = 0.59), whereas a higher risk of hyperkalemia was observed in the finerenone group than in the placebo group (RR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.80–2.32; P < 0.00001). Besides, cerebrovascular events and new-onset atrial fibrillation did not increase in patients taking finerenone. Overall, finerenone treatment showed a great benefit of reducing the risk of major adverse cardiac events, all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and new-onset hypertension events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.
Markers of subclinical vascular damage in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: the role of central blood pressure
Authors: Marcon Denise , Tagetti Angela , Piona Claudia , Giontella Alice , Bortolotti Stefano , Bonafini Sara , Carletti Lorenza , Morandi Anita , Trombetta Maddalena , Maffeis Claudio , Fava Cristiano 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease leading to cardiovascular complications that can be diagnosed early as subclinical vascular damage. To prevent such damage, it is important to increase knowledge of the effects of the different cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T1D. The aim of our study was to assess possible associations between markers of subclinical arterial damage and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, with a special focus on peripheral blood pressure and central blood pressure (cBP), in a sample of young adults with T1D.

Patients and methods:
The study included 172 T1D patients (mean age 24.7 ± 8.7 years, duration of T1D 13.5 ± 9.6 years). Pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse wave analysis and cBP were assessed by tonometry (SphygmoCor Xcel). Carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility coefficient (cDC) were assessed by high-resolution echo-Doppler analysis and further examined with dedicated hardware.

Results:
Seventeen patients (10.1%) were classified as hypertensive by office peripheral blood pressure, and 48 patients (27.9%) were classified as hypertensive by cBP. One hundred sixteen patients (68.8%) had cDC under the range of normality, one patient had a PWV (0.6%) above 10 m/s, and no patients had a cIMT above 0.9 mm. In multivariable analysis, central SBP, but not metabolic parameters, remained associated with all the markers of subclinical arterial damage [cIMT (β = 0.288 ± 0.001; P < 0.001), PWV (β = 0.374 ± 0.007; P < 0.001), cDC (β = −0.149 ± 0.055; P = 0.029)].

Conclusion:
The independent association between cBP and markers of subclinical vascular damage underlines the importance of haemodynamic factors in the development of early signs of macrovascular disease in T1D patients. Further studies are warranted to better define the role of cBP to stratify cardiovascular risk, to individualize the need for follow-up and to tailor preventive strategies in T1D patients.
Predictive model of hypertension resolution after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: the SPAIN-ALDO score
Authors: Araujo-Castro Marta , Paja Fano Miguel , González Boillos Marga , Pla Peris Begoña , Pascual-Corrales Eider , García Cano Ana María , Parra Ramírez Paola , Martín Rojas-Marcos Patricia , Ruiz-Sanchez Jorge Gabriel , Vicente Delgado Almudena , Gómez Hoyos Emilia , Ferreira Rui , García Sanz Iñigo , Recasens Sala Mònica , Barahona San Millan Rebeca , Picón César María José , Díaz Guardiola Patricia , García González Juan Jesús , Perdomo Carolina M. , Manjón Miguélez Laura , García Centeno Rogelio , Percovich Juan Carlos , Rebollo Román Ángel , Gracia Gimeno Paola , Robles Lázaro Cristina , Morales-Ruiz Manuel , Hanzu Felicia A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To develop a predictive model of hypertension resolution after adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), based on their presurgical characteristics.

Methods:
A retrospective multicenter study of PA patients in follow-up in 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals between 2018 and 2021 was performed (SPAIN-ALDO Register). Clinical response postadrenalectomy was classified according to the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) consensus criteria. The predictive model was developed using a multivariate logistic regression model with the estimation of all possible equations.

Results:
A total of 146 patients (54.8% females; mean age of 51.5 ± 10.9 years) with PA who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy were included. After a mean follow-up of 29.1 ± 30.43 months after surgery, hypertension cure was obtained in 37.7% (n = 55) of the patients. The predictive model with the highest diagnostic accuracy to predict hypertension cure combined the variables female sex, use of two or fewer antihypertensive medications, hypertension grade 1, without type 2 diabetes and nonobesity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.841 [0.769–0.914]. Based on this model, the group of patients with a higher probability of cure (80.4%) were those without type 2 diabetes, BMI <30 kg/m2, female sex, hypertension grade 1 and who use two or fewer antihypertensives. Our predictive model offered a slightly higher diagnostic accuracy than Wachtel's (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.809), Utsumi's (AUC: 0.804) and Zarnegar's (AUC: 0.796) models and was similar than the Burello's (AUC: 0.833) model.

Conclusion:
Female sex, use of two or fewer antihypertensive medications, hypertension grade 1, no type 2 diabetes and nonobesity may predict hypertension cure after adrenalectomy in patients with PA. Our score provides a potential tool to guide preoperative patient counseling.