bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State‐of‐the‐art review on the high‐performance poly (ether ether ketone) composites for mechanical, tribological and bioactive characteristics
Authors: Siraj Naved , Hashmi Syed Azhar Rashid , Verma Sarika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPoly‐ether‐ether‐ketones (PEEK) exhibit a distinctive combination of thermo‐oxidative stability, chemical and solvent resistance, toughness, stiffness, and other mechanical properties, flame resistance at elevated temperatures. The promising applications in different fields evolved on several modifications, incorporating functional fillers, nanoparticles, fibers, etc. The incorporation of carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and graphene improves remarkably the mechanical, electrical and structural performance, precisely thermal stability, mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity. The inorganic nanoparticles such as WS2, SiO2, or Al2O3 improve the matrix's tribological properties; particularly wear resistance and the coefficient of friction. Poly‐ether‐ether‐ketones is a biocompatible polymer that has gained a lot of attention as a replacement of metallic implants and other orthopedic, spinal, trauma, and dentistry applications. It has recently been used in cranioplasty to provide better protection. Bioactive surface modification of carbon–PEEK composites has only been documented in a few researches. PEEK is preferred because of its similar biocompatibility, elasticity to the bone, and radiolucency; however, due to its inert properties, it fails to integrate with the bone. Titanium (Ti) and Ti‐alloys are widely used in many intraosseous implants due to their biocompatibility and ability to osseointegrate. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the research on PEEK‐based composites, mainly mechanical, tribological and bioactive performance. PEEK and PEEK‐based composites are also explored in terms of additive manufacturing. The impact of the preparation conditions, processing parameters, type of reinforcement, and the functional filler's concentration level on the structure and properties of the resultant materials are discussed. Finally, the current and potential applications and the future prospective recommendations are proposed in the last section.
Antenatal findings and early postnatal outcomes in pregnancies with trisomy 21: a 10 year retrospective review at a tertiary centre
Authors: Stott Daniel , Dos Santos Francois , Rodgers Anna , Holgado Elaine , Pandya Pranav P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the antenatal imaging features, intrapartum findings and early postpartum course of pregnancies with trisomy 21 (T21) at a tertiary hospital in the United Kingdom.MethodsWomen with pregnancies diagnosed with T21 on antenatal or post‐mortem/postnatal karyotyping, from February 2010–2020. Outcome measures included antenatal imaging findings, fetal growth restriction (FGR), birthweight, mode of delivery and early neonatal outcomes.Results76 women were included. There were six intrauterine deaths and 70 livebirths. Thirty‐eight (50%) had an antenatal diagnosis and twenty‐five (33%) had a suspected diagnosis but declined further testing. The diagnosis was unanticipated in 13 (17%). Cardiac anomalies (35.5%) were the most common antenatal anomaly. Doppler abnormalities were apparent in 48/73 (68%). Eighteen (25.7%) had antenatal FGR. The majority were delivered by Caesarean section, and 21.4% of babies weighed <third percentile at delivery. Fifty‐eight (82%) were admitted to the neonatal unit. Forty‐three (61%) required respiratory support and fifty‐five (78%) needed naso‐gastric feeding or were nil by mouth. Mean PAPP‐A values were significantly lower in cases with abnormal Dopplers, FGR, congenital anomalies and birthweight <10th percentile.ConclusionsT21 fetuses have high rates of placental insufficiency, FGR and Doppler abnormalities. Postnatally, most require respiratory and feeding support. Antenatal counselling should reflect these risks.
The long road of functional recruitment—The evolution of a gene duplicate to pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in the morning glories (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Prakashrao Arunraj Saranya , Beuerle Till , Simões Ana Rita G. , Hopf Christina , Çiçek Serhat Sezai , Stegemann Thomas , Ober Dietrich , Kaltenegger Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn plants, homospermidine synthase (HSS) is a pathway‐specific enzyme initiating the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which function as a chemical defense against herbivores. In PA‐producing Convolvulaceae (“morning glories”), HSS originated from deoxyhypusine synthase at least >50 to 75 million years ago via a gene duplication event and subsequent functional diversification. To study the recruitment of this ancient gene duplicate to PA biosynthesis, the presence of putative hss gene copies in 11 Convolvulaceae species was analyzed. Additionally, various plant parts from seven of these species were screened for the presence of PAs. Although all of these species possess a putative hss copy, PAs could only be detected in roots of Ipomoea neei (Spreng.) O'Donell and Distimake quinquefolius (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples in this study. A precursor of PAs was detected in roots of Ipomoea alba L. Thus, despite sharing high sequence identities, the presence of an hss gene copy does not correlate with PA accumulation in particular species of Convolvulaceae. In vitro activity assays of the encoded enzymes revealed a broad spectrum of enzyme activity, further emphasizing a functional diversity of the hss gene copies. A recently identified HSS specific amino acid motif seems to be important for the loss of the ancestral protein function—the activation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Thus, the motif might be indicative for a change of function but allows not to predict the new function. This emphasizes the challenges in annotating functions for duplicates, even for duplicates from closely related species.
Unveiling the dehydrogenation mechanism of dihydrogen‐bonded phenol‐borane‐dimethylamine complex in the ground and excited states
Authors: Li Chaozheng , Hu Bo , Cao Yonghua , Li Yongfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, the density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods were adopted to explore the dehydrogenation mechanism of phenol‐borane‐dimethylamine (phenol‐BDMA) complex in ground (S0) and excited (S1) states. The analysis of the geometric parameters and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra indicate that the dihydrogen bond H1···H2is significantly strengthened in S1state and the dehydrogenation process may occur along the dihydrogen bond H1···H2. Upon photo‐excitation, the electronic density of phenol‐BDMA complex is redistributed and the redistribution of the electronic density can provide driving force for the dehydrogenation process in S1state. The potential energy curves reveal that the dehydrogenation process in S1state is easier than that in S0state. The charge redistribution in S1state is beneficial to the dehydrogenation process. Furthermore, it has been found that the dihydrogen bond can promote the dehydrogenation process, while the hydrogen bond can hinder the dehydrogenation process. In addition, the dehydrogenation mechanisms were described in detail. First, the H1and H2atoms gradually approach each other, and the O and H3atoms are also getting closer to each other. Subsequently, the O‐H1and B‐H2bonds break, and the H1and H2atoms dissociate from the O and B atoms, respectively. Hydrogen molecular is formed by combing the H1and H2atoms after crossing the energy barrier hopping point. In the meantime, the H3atoms dissociate from the N atom and transfer to the O atom.
Elexacaftor–Tezacaftor–Ivacaftor improves exercise capacity in adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Causer Adam J. , Shute Janis K. , Cummings Michael H. , Shepherd Anthony I. , Wallbanks Samuel R. , Pulsford Richard M. , Bright Victoria , Connett Gary , Saynor Zoe L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveElexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator with the potential to improve exercise capacity. This case series of three adolescents with CF aimed to investigate whether 6 weeks treatment with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor could improve exercise capacity in CFTR modulator naive adolescents with CF.MethodsThree adolescents (14.0 ± 1.4 years) with CF (FEV1% predicted: 62.5 ± 17.1; F508del/F508del genotype) completed an exhaustive maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake (O2peak) and measure changes in gas exchange and ventilation during exercise at 6 weeks. We also analyzed wrist‐worn device‐based physical activity (PA) data in two of the three cases. Validated acceleration thresholds were used to quantify time spent in each PA intensity category.ResultsClinically meaningful improvements in O2peak were observed in all three cases (+17.6%, +52.4%, and +32.9%, respectively), with improvements greatest in those with more severe lung disease and lower fitness at baseline. Although lung function increased in all cases, inconsistent changes in markers of ventilatory and peripheral muscle efficiency likely suggest different mechanisms of improvement in this case group of adolescents with CF. Device‐based analysis of PA was variable, with one case increasing and one case decreasing.ConclusionIn this case series, we have observed, for the first time, improvements in exercise capacity following 6 weeks of treatment with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor. Improvements were greatest in the presence of more severe CF lung disease and lower aerobic fitness at baseline. The mechanism(s) responsible for these changes warrant further investigation in larger trials.
A Review on 3D Zinc Anodes for Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Na , Huo Wenjie , Dong Xiaoyu , Sun Zhefei , Lu Yutao , Wu Xianwen , Dai Lei , Wang Ling , Lin Haichen , Liu Haodong , Liang Hanfeng , He Zhangxing , Zhang Qiaobao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractZinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been gradually developed in recent years due to their abundant resources, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, ZIBs have received a great deal of attention from researchers, which are considered as the next generation of portable energy storage systems. However, poor overall performance of ZIBs restricts their development, which is attributed to zinc dendrites and a series of side reactions. Constructing 3D zinc anodes has proven to be an effective way to significantly improve their electrochemical performance. In this review, the challenges of zinc anodes in ZIBs, including zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution and corrosion, as well as passivation, are comprehensively summarized and the energy storage mechanisms of the zinc anodes and 3D zinc anodes are discussed. 3D zinc anodes with different structures including fiberous, porous, ridge‐like structures, plated zinc anodes on different substrates and other 3D zinc anodes, are subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, emerging opportunities and perspectives on the material design of 3D zinc anodes are highlighted and challenges that need to be solved in future practical applications are discussed, hopefully illuminating the way forward for the development of ZIBs.
Plastic ingestion in an emaciated red kite (Milvus milvus) in England
Authors: Gerard Georgina , Common Sophie M. , Jaffe Jenny E. , Shadbolt Tammy , Sainsbury Anthony W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe red kite (Milvus milvus) was successfully re‐introduced into England in 1989, although the population continues to face anthropogenic threats. In this report, we describe evidence of plastic ingested in the ventriculus of an adult male red kite that was emaciated. In addition, dried blood was found on the feathers overlying both wings, and subcutaneous haemorrhage was identified. Toxicology tests revealed toxic levels (>100 ng/g) of second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticides (difenacoum 3.0 ng/g, brodifacoum 734.9 ng/g) in the liver of this red kite. Three possible contributors to mortality were considered: starvation from the ingestion of plastic preventing normal digestion, collision‐related trauma and second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning. This is the first report of plastic ingestion in a red kite. The case highlights the importance of carrying out postmortem examinations as part of post‐release health surveillance and identifies plastic ingestion as a potential anthropogenic threat facing the red kite population in England.
PIWI‐interacting RNAs and human testicular function
Authors: Saritas Gülizar , Main Ailsa Maria , Winge Sofia Boeg , Mørup Nina , Almstrup Kristian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmall noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are pieces of RNA with a length below 200 bp and represent a diverse group of RNAs having many different biological functions. The best described subtype is the microRNAs which primarily function in posttranscriptional gene regulation and appear essential for most physiological processes. Of particular interest for the germline is the PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) which are a class of sncRNA of 21–35 bp in length that are almost exclusively found in germ cells. Recently, it has become clear that piRNAs are essential for testicular function, and in this perspective, we outline the current knowledge of piRNAs in humans. Although piRNAs appear unique to germ cells, they have also been described in various somatic cancers and biofluids. Here, we discuss the potential function of piRNAs in somatic tissues and whether detection in biofluids may be used as a biomarker for testicular function.This article is categorized under:
Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Decay estimates for a class of non‐Newtonian 3D magneto‐micropolar fluids
Authors: Kim Jae‐Myoung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe characterize the decay rate of strong solutions to a class of 3D magneto‐micropolar equations fluid flows of non‐Newtonian type in terms of the decay character of the initial datum. Moreover, we also obtain a sharper decay estimate for the micro‐rotation velocity.
A Feynman integral depending on two elliptic curves
Authors: Müller Hildegard , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study a two-loop four-point function with one internal mass. This Feynman integral is one of the simplest Feynman integrals depending on two elliptic curves. We transform the associated differential equation into an ε-form. We study the entries of the differential equation, and in particular the entries which depend on both elliptic curves.
Fruits of their labour: biotransformation reactions of yeasts during brewery fermentation
Authors: Svedlund Natalia , Evering Simon , Gibson Brian , Krogerus Kristoffer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a growing appreciation for the role that yeast play in biotransformation of flavour compounds during beverage fermentations. This is particularly the case for brewing due to the continued popularity of aromatic beers produced via the dry-hopping process. Here, we review the current literature pertaining to biotransformation reactions mediated by fermentative yeasts. These reactions are diverse and include the liberation of thiols from cysteine or glutathione-bound adducts, as well as the release of glycosidically bound terpene alcohols. These changes serve generally to increase the fruit and floral aromas in beverages. This is particularly the case for the thiol compounds released via yeast β-lyase activity due to their low flavour thresholds. The role of yeast β-glucosidases in increasing terpene alcohols is less clear, at least with respect to fermentation of brewer’s wort. Yeast acetyl transferase and acetate esterase also have an impact on the quality and perceptibility of flavour compounds. Isomerization and reduction reactions, e.g. the conversion of geraniol (rose) to β-citronellol (citrus), also have potential to alter significantly flavour profiles. A greater understanding of biotransformation reactions is expected to not only facilitate greater control of beverage flavour profiles, but also to allow for more efficient exploitation of raw materials and thereby greater process sustainability.Key points•Yeast can alter and boost grape- and hop-derived flavour compounds in wine and beer•β-lyase activity can release fruit-flavoured thiols with low flavour thresholds•Floral and citrus-flavoured terpene alcohols can be released or interconverted
How to make students satisfied with digital teaching? Investigative results from teaching evaluations in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Tietz Steffen , Bodenbeck Laura , Riedel Fabian , Wallwiener Markus , Hennigs André , Heublein Sabine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether students’ attitude towards online learning in Gynecology and Obstetrics changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We further examined which variables impacted students’ satisfaction with digital learning.

Methods
A specifically developed questionnaire was used from June 2020–July 2021 for N = 234 medical students participating in the course “Gynecology and Obstetrics” at University of Heidelberg. Thirty-five items were repeatedly applied in different cohorts to assess structure- and content-related quality of teaching. In addition, their influence on overall satisfaction with digital teaching was analyzed by applying investigative analyses like multiple regression and extreme group comparisons.

Results
Especially items associated with content-related quality of teaching (β = 0.24), organization of teaching (β = 0.25) and subjective learning success (β = 0.27) seemed to be relevant predictors for overall satisfaction with courses. Fears and changes due to the pandemic situation also played a role for a subgroup of students. Aspects linked to technical quality of teaching, interactions with teachers and students or advantages of web-based learning appeared to play a subordinate role for overall satisfaction with digital teaching. Comparisons of ratings over time revealed that teaching evaluations almost remained the same.

Conclusion
Our results give several hints regarding how digital teaching should be designed and how it can be improved. Further studies are needed to validate our results and to develop methods to improve digital teaching in medicine.
Lateral neck cyst surgery without ipsilateral tonsillectomy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Schwan Franziska E. , Künzel Julian , Weber Florian , Vielsmeier Veronika , Bohr Christopher , Andorfer Kornelia E. C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Several theories have been proposed regarding the origin of lateral neck cysts (LNC). Besides complete surgical resection ipsilateral tonsillectomy and dissection of a tract or its remnants is sometimes recommended. In this retrospective trial we wanted to evaluate if patients, who received LNC resection only, develop complications or recurrence to justify this surgical strategy.

Methods
Patients who received LNC resection between 2004 and 2017 at the Ear Nose and Throat Department of a university hospital were included. Data was collected from the clinic database and through a structured telephone interview.

Results
A total of 126 patients met the inclusion criteria. In this collective, the diagnosis of a lateral neck cyst was confirmed histologically. Mean age at time of operation was 38 years (± 14.6). The median follow-up time was 7 years (range 3–18). None of the participants experienced recurrent unilateral pharyngitis or tonsillitis during follow-up. Furthermore, there was no case of postoperative peritonsillar, neck phlegmon or neck abscess. No patient reported recurrence of LNC.

Conclusions
Sole complete resection of LNCs is sufficient to avoid postoperative infections and recurrences. Therefore, ipsilateral tonsillectomy and tract dissection is not necessary in routine cases of LNC surgery.
Laparoscopic duodenum–preserving pancreatic head resection with real-time indocyanine green guidance of different dosage and timing: enhanced safety with visualized biliary duct and its long-term metabolic morbidity
Authors: Lu Chao , Xu Biwu , Mou Yiping , Zhou Yucheng , Jin Weiwei , Xia Tao , Wang Yuanyu , Zhu Qicong , Fu Zhiqin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Laparoscopic duodenum–preserving pancreatic head resection (L-DPPHR) is technically demanding with extreme difficulty in biliary preservation. Only a few reports of L-DPPHR are available with alarming bile leakage, and none of them revealed the long-term metabolic outcomes. For the first time, our study explored the different dosage and timing of indocyanine green (ICG) for guiding L-DPPHR and described the long-term metabolic results.

Methods
Between October 2015 and January 2021, different dosage and timing of ICG were administrated preoperatively and evaluated intra-operatively using Image J software to calculate the relative fluorescence intensity ratio of signal-to-noise contrast between bile duct and pancreas. Short-term complications and long-term metabolic disorder were collected in a prospectively maintained database and analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Twenty-five patients were enrolled without conversion to laparotomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy. Administrating a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg 24 h before the operation had the highest relative fluorescence intensity ratio of 19.3, and it proved to guide the biliary tract the best. Fifty-six percent of patients suffered from postoperative complications with 48% experiencing pancreatic fistula and 4% having bile leakage. No one suffered from the duodenal necrosis, and there was no mortality. When compared with the non-ICG group, the ICG group had a comparable diameter of tumor and similar safety distance from lesions to common bile duct; however, it decreased the incidence of bile leakage from 10% to none. The median length of hospital stay was 16 days. After a median follow-up of 26.6 months, no one had tumor recurrence or refractory cholangitis. No postoperative new onset of diabetes mellitus (pNODM) was observed, while pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (pPEI) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were seen in 4% of patients 12 months after the L-DPPHR.

Conclusion
L-DPPHR is feasible and safe in selected patients, and real-time ICG imaging with proper dosage and timing may greatly facilitate the identification and the prevention of biliary injury. And it seemed to be oncological equivalent to PD with preservation of metabolic function without refractory cholangitis.
Neuromelanin granules of the substantia nigra: proteomic profile provides links to tyrosine hydroxylase, stress granules and lysosomes
Authors: Wulf Maximilian , Barkovits Katalin , Schork Karin , Eisenacher Martin , Riederer Peter , Gerlach Manfred , Eggers Britta , Marcus Katrin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeuromelanin is a black-brownish pigment, present in so-called neuromelanin granules (NMGs) in the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. These neurons are lost in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Although it is known that lipids, proteins, and environmental toxins accumulate in NMGs, the function of NMGs has not yet been finally clarified as well as their origin and the synthesis of neuromelanin. We, therefore, isolated NMGs and surrounding SN tissue from control patients by laser microdissection and analyzed the proteomic profile by tandem mass spectrometry. With our improved workflow, we were able to (1) strengthen the regularly reported link between NMGs and lysosomes, (2) detect tyrosine hydroxylase to be highly abundant in NMGs, which may be related to neuromelanin synthesis and (3) indicate a yet undescribed link between stress granules (SGs) and NMGs. Based on our findings, we cautiously hypothesize, that SGs may be the origin of NMGs or form in close proximity to them, potentially due to the oxidative stress caused by neuromelanin-bound metals.