bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Jingjie , Zhang Hui , Yang Lili , Shao Jing , Chen Dandan , Cui Nianqi , Tang Leiwen , Fu Yujia , Xue Erxu , Lai Chuyang , Ye Zhihong 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe dose–response association between sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome is unclear, which indicates an important knowledge gap in public health. The objective of this study was to determine the categorical and continuous dose–response associations between sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome. A systematic literature search of English articles published in PubMed, CINHAL, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection prior to June 2022 was conducted. All cohort and cross‐sectional studies that examined the association between sedentary time and the risk of metabolic syndrome were considered, and duplicate and non‐related studies were excluded. Data extraction using a standardized chart and quality assessment using two appraisal tools were also performed. Two independent reviewers were involved in these processes. In categorical meta‐analyses, the pooled effect sizes for metabolic syndrome associated with different categories of sedentary time were calculated by comparing the highest and intermediate with the lowest categories. In continuous meta‐analyses, the linear and nonlinear dose–response associations were estimated using generalized least squares and restricted cubic spline models, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed from March to June 2022. Four prospective cohort studies and 22 cross‐sectional studies with 105,239 participants and 16,185 MetS cases were included in this study. In categorical analyses, both intermediate (median duration: 4.11 h/day; pooled OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.26, P < 0.001) and high levels (median duration: 7.26 h/day; pooled OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.43–2.04, P < 0.001) of total sedentary time were significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Similarly, a significant association between screen time and the risk of metabolic syndrome was also found in intermediate (median duration: 2.22 h/day; pooled OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10–1.32, P < 0.001) and high levels (median duration: 3.40 h/day; pooled OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.44–1.86, P < 0.001) of exposure. Of note, these associations were significantly stronger in women. Different patterns of the behavior‐disease association were not observed in children, adolescents, and adults. The findings of continuous meta‐analyses could not provide solid evidence for the linearity and nonlinearity of the behavior‐disease association. This study demonstrated that long‐time sedentary behavior was associated with a higher risk of MetS independent of physical activity and the patterns of association varied by gender instead of age. These findings have implications for future guideline recommendations on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and prevention of metabolic syndrome.
Manganese suppresses the development of oral leukoplakia by activating the immune response
Authors: Shi Yujie , Su Chongying , Ding Tingting , Zhao Hang , Wang Ying , Ren Yuan , Wu Lanyan , Zhang Qiyue , Liang Jing , Sun Silu , Wang Jiongke , Li Jing , Zeng Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveManganese ion (Mn2+) is reported to promote the antitumor immune response by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway, but it is unknown whether Mn2+ can prevent the malignant transformation of precancerous lesions. The effects of Mn2+ in treating oral leukoplakia (OLK) were explored in this work.MethodsPeripheral blood Mn analysis of the patients was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES). A coculture model of dendritic cells (DCs)/macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs) was employed to analyze the role and mechanism of Mn2+ in a simulated OLK immune microenvironment. Western blot, RT–PCR, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were adopted to detect the mechanism of Mn2+ in this model. 4‐nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO)‐induced OLK mice were used to assess the role of Mn2+ in suppressing OLK progression, and a novel Mn2+‐loaded guanosine‐tannic acid hydrogel (G‐TA@Mn2+ hydrogel) was fabricated and evaluated for its advantages in OLK therapy.ResultsThe content of Mn in patients' peripheral blood was negatively related to the progression of OLK. Mn2+ promoted the maturation and antigen presentation of DCs and macrophages and enhanced the activation of CD8+ T cells in the coculture model, resulting in effective killing of DOKs. Mechanistic analysis found that Mn2+ enhanced the anti‐OLK immune response by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway. Moreover, Mn2+ suppressed the development of 4NQO–induced carcinogenesis in the mouse model. In addition, the G‐TA@Mn2+ hydrogel had better anti‐OLK effects.ConclusionsMn2+ enhanced the anti‐OLK immune response by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway, and the G‐TA@Mn2+ hydrogel is a potential novel therapeutic approach for OLK treatment.
Administrative characteristics and timing of governments' crisis responses: A global study of early reactions to COVID‐19
Authors: Jugl Marlene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a crisis, fast reaction is key. But what can public administration tell us about this? This study develops a theoretical framework explaining how administrative characteristics, including fragmentation, capacities, legacies and learning, affect governments' response timing. The COVID‐19 pandemic is exploited as a unique empirical setting to test this framework and its scope conditions. Region fixed‐effects models and survival analysis of partly hand collected data for more than 150 national governments confirm some limited predictive power of administrative structures and traditions: Especially in developing countries, governments with a separate ministry of health adopted binding containment measures faster. Countries with hierarchical administrative traditions, for example, socialist, adopted some interventions like school closures faster than more liberal traditions, for example, Anglo‐American. These characteristics increase threat perception and availability of a response, respectively. Results also suggest that intracrisis and intercrisis learning supply governments with response options. The study advances comparative public administration and crisis research.
A unified framework for automated registration of point clouds, mesh surfaces and 3D models by using planar surfaces
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Zhao Hang , Radanovic Marko , Khoshelham Kourosh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegistration of 3D spatial data and models is a fundamental task in applications such as mapping, positioning and virtual/augmented reality. Most of the existing 3D registration methods such as iterative closest point (ICP) and recent learning‐based methods are dedicated to point cloud registration, and rely heavily on point‐wise correspondences, which limits their ability to address registration problems across different data types. Since man‐made objects and buildings usually contain many planar surfaces, it is possible to use the planes for accurate registration of different data and models. In this paper, a unified registration framework is proposed consisting of a plane extraction module, which can extract planes from various forms of spatial data such as point clouds or surface‐based 3D models, and a registration module, which performs automatic registration based on the extracted planes. Tests show that the proposed method can handle small‐overlap registration across all these data types with high success rates. The result of point cloud registration also indicates that the method achieves better accuracy as compared to ICP.
Does gendered representation in national legislatures promote substantive representation and human development? Evidence from the developing world
Authors: Tusalem Rollin F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the increase in the share of women in national legislatures in the developing world, scholars are still debating if gender‐diversified legislatures promote women‐friendly policies or negate women's empowerment attributed to intersectional demands, the absence of a critical mass, and continued gendered patriarchy. Previous studies also lack generalizability as they are based on single‐country studies or cross‐national research with samples restricted by region or constrained to affluent nation‐states. To resolve the conundrum pertaining to understanding the nature of substantive representation in the non‐Western world, a panel study of 64 developing countries from 2005–2019 is employed. The study finds evidence that increased legislative representation by women is positively associated with the implementation of policies that promote higher levels of gender equality, social inclusion, and human development. The results imply that women's legislative presence in the global south has significant contributions in terms of affecting policy outcomes that improve the human condition.Related ArticlesGreen, David R. 2003. “The Effects of Member Gender and Constituency Characteristics on Southern Congressional Voting Behavior, 1972‐2000.”Politics & Policy31(1): 80–104.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1998.tb00471.x.Sahfie, David M. 2008. “Women and Representation at Major Party Conventions, 1972‐1992.”Politics & Policy26(1): 45–77.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2003.tb00888.x.Whistler, Donald E., and Mark C. Ellickson. 2010. “A Rational Choice Approach to Explaining Policy Preferences and Concern for Representing Women among State Legislators.”Politics & Policy38(1): 25–51.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00227.x.
A Bayesian Multivariate Hierarchical Growth Curve Model to Examine Cumulative Socio-Economic (Dis)Advantage among Childless Adults and Parents
Authors: Verkroost Florianne C. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChildlessness and socio-economic well-being interact dynamically throughout the life course, possibly resulting in an accumulation of socio-economic (dis)advantage. Methods commonly used to investigate this hypothesis are unable to simultaneously acknowledge that childlessness entails a heterogeneous and processual ‘non-event’ which interrelates with multiple life domains. I use Bayesian multivariate hierarchical growth curve modelling to facilitate synchronous incorporation of these substantive complexities. I construct prospective interdependent life course trajectories of socio-economic well-being for eventual parents and permanently childless adults; distinguishing voluntary, involuntary, circumstantial and indecisive childlessness. Using 1970 British Cohort Study data, I find that parents and voluntarily childless adults are more satisfied with life than non-voluntarily childless adults. Voluntarily and circumstantially childless women earn most and mothers least, while fathers outearn childless men. (Dis)advantage in economic and male subjective well-being accumulates throughout the life course. Group differences in partnerships, employment, education and health, more than childbearing behaviours themselves, explain the (growth of) these socio-economic differentials. The findings have implications for policies addressing socio-economic inequalities by both parental status and gender. The proposed approach provides valuable for assessing cumulative (dis)advantage in interrelated life domains via an unclearly marked heterogeneous process, not only in the context of childlessness but also other life course topics.
Derivation of Maternal Dietary Patterns Accounting for Regional Heterogeneity
Authors: Stephenson Briana J. K. , Herring Amy H. , Olshan Andrew F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLatent class models are often used to characterise dietary patterns. Yet, when subtle variations exist across different sub-populations, overall population patterns can be masked and affect statistical inference on health outcomes. We address this concern with a flexible supervised clustering approach, introduced as Supervised Robust Profile Clustering, that identifies outcome-dependent population-based patterns, while partitioning out subpopulation pattern differences. Using dietary data from the 1997–2011 National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we determine how maternal dietary profiles associate with orofacial clefts among offspring. Results indicate mothers who consume a higher proportion of fruits and vegetables compared to land meats lower the proportion of progeny with orofacial cleft defect.
Embodied relational research: How can researchers' competences in exploring existential aspects be enhanced?
Authors: Damsgaard Janne Brammer , Pilegaard Morten , Brinkmann Svend 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis methodological essay discusses the following question: How can researchers' competences in exploring existential aspects related to healthcare be enhanced? Exploring this novel perspective on caring practice may help us better understand and communicate about experiences and issues that matter to others (e.g. patients/users). Two things are needed: firstly, a vocabulary mirroring an “aesthetic‐holistic” research approach allowing us to capture the essence of “what it is like” and secondly, the development of skills and competences allowing us to understand complex aspects of caring that are embodied, ethically sensitive and sustainable.AimTo identify personal competences and approaches underpinning research exploring “what it is like”—understanding human existence.DiscussionThe discussion addresses three questions: (A) What does human science exploring human existence search for? (B) Which researcher competences are required? (C) Which theoretical and practical approaches and dimensions may enhance the researchers' competences? We argue that we should find “ourselves” not only grasped through language and a qualitative research‐methodological approach but also in what is reflected in the relation between self, language (dialogue) and the other. It is crucial to listen to the world in an ontological way. Emotions, feelings and bodily sensed understandings can, in some situations, bar us from stepping further into meta‐physical listening and from adopting a being‐in‐the‐world stance. In this relational perspective, the researcher may adopt an attentive pace and aesthetical attunement that transcend what cannot be reached through the language of logical, rigorous, precise and rational words, tuning into the ontological mood that exists as the tacit backdrop of our existence. This approach we dub “Embodied Relational Research.”ConclusionResearchers who explore humanity may benefit from cultivating awareness, sensitivity and understanding while displaying openness towards the other (the patients' or users' experiences). In this context, contemplative and creative dimensions are important to apply.
A preliminary study on the association between social media at night and sleep quality: The relevance of FOMO, cognitive pre‐sleep arousal, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation
Authors: Almeida Filipa , Marques Daniel R. , Gomes Ana A. 
Published: October 2022

Research shows that nighttime social media is negatively associated with sleep quality and that it might be utilized to cope with aversive psychological states related to cognitive pre‐sleep arousal (i.e., transdiagnostic psychopathology variables, referring to maladaptive repetitive thought), namely Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). The use of nighttime social media to cope with other aversive cognitive states (i.e., worry/rumination), their relationship with FoMO, and these variables' association with sleep are not fully understood. This study explored the relationships between nighttime social media, sleep quality, FoMO, cognitive pre‐sleep arousal, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (i.e., worry/rumination). The present correlational study followed a cross‐sectional design. Participants were 525 university students, ranging in age from 18 to 64 (M = 22.39, SD = 5.62). Measures of sleep quality, morningness/eveningness, cognitive pre‐sleep arousal, worry, rumination, FoMO, nighttime screen, and social media use were collected online or in pencil‐paper format. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Nighttime social media and FoMO were associated with rumination, worry (H1) and cognitive pre‐sleep arousal. Both FoMO and worry predicted higher levels of cognitive pre‐sleep arousal (H2) and nighttime social media use (H3). Nighttime social media use independently predicted poor sleep quality (H4). These results suggest that worry and FoMO may potentially affect sleep quality by increasing cognitive pre‐sleep arousal and nighttime social media. A possible explanation for these findings is that nighttime social media might be used as a strategy to cope with aversive cognitive states. These conclusions may contribute to improving sleep intervention in this population.
Interpersonal synchrony is associated with infants’ reactions to subtle changes in caregiver‐infant interactions
Authors: Markova Gabriela , Nguyen Trinh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the role of interpersonal synchrony between mothers and their 4‐month‐old infants (N = 40) in infant responses to a modified interaction where mothers continually looked and verbalised towards but did not engage with their children. During a natural interaction we observed behavioural synchrony and for a subsample of infants (n = 20) measured change in their salivary oxytocin from before to after the natural interaction. During the modified interaction we observed infant gaze, positive, and negative affect. We found that higher interpersonal synchrony was related to longer infants’ social gaze and shorter displays of negative affect during the modified interaction. Increase in infant oxytocin was also associated with longer gaze, but also longer negative and shorter positive affect during the modified interaction. Our results show that interpersonal synchrony allows infants to notice changes in interactions with others, but also helps them to regulate their emotions during such modified exchanges. These findings thus indicate the importance of synchrony experiences with caregivers for the development of early regulatory capacities.
Survey participation as a function of democratic engagement, trust in institutions, and perceptions of surveys
Authors: Silber Henning , Moy Patricia , Johnson Timothy P , Neumann Rico , Stadtmüller Sven , Repke Lydia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWith response rates of large‐scale surveys having decreased significantly over the years and rebounds seeming unlikely, many studies now examine how response rates vary with methodological design and incentives. This investigation delves into how individual‐level factors shape survey participation. Specifically, we examine the influence of individuals’ democratic engagement and their trust in institutions on intent to participate in surveys, both directly and indirectly through their perceptions of surveys.MethodsWe collected survey data from a probability sample of adults (N = 1343) in Mannheim, Germany, from November 2019 to March 2020. Structural equation models were estimated to test the hypothesized relationships.ResultsThe analyses support most, but not all, hypothesized relationships. Democratic engagement bolstered intent to participate, directly as well as indirectly through perceptions of surveys. Institutional trust, on the other hand, only influenced the outcome measure indirectly. Perceptions of surveys had a strong bearing overall effect on intent to participate.ConclusionThe study's results suggest that the response rates and larger issues related to the perceived legitimacy of public opinion and survey research might be intertwined with orientations related to people's civic and political life. The article discusses potential ways survey researchers can counteract distrust in surveys.
Is diagnostic stewardship possible in solid organ transplantation?
Authors: Husson Jennifer , Bork Jacqueline T. , Morgan Daniel , Baddley John W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic stewardship in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has the potential to help these vulnerable patients at risk for over‐testing and overtreatment.MethodsHerein, we review potential targets for diagnostic stewardship in SOT, such as Clostridioides difficile testing, urine cultures, molecular diagnostics, as well as novel areas of diagnostic stewardship.ResultsBundled interventions focused on appropriate C. difficile testing can result in a significant decrease in testing and clinical diagnosis of C. difficile infection without any harms related to delay in diagnosis. In otherwise stable renal transplant recipients after the first month of transplant, screening urine cultures have not been shown to improve outcomes. Novel targets that require additional study in the SOT population include noninvasive fungal diagnostics and cytomegalovirus testing strategiesConclusionsDiagnostic stewardship is an innovative approach to improve diagnosis and limit unnecessary antimicrobial use. While there has been little direct exploration of diagnostic stewardship in the SOT population, there is great potential for benefit given frequent testing with diagnostics that have imperfect sensitivity and specificity, and sometimes great cost. Diagnostic stewardship in the SOT population is indeed possible but will require a multidisciplinary effort to ensure that appropriates tests and benefits are realized.
Neuronal activity patterns in microcircuits of the cerebellar cortical C3 zone during reaching
Authors: Cerminara Nadia L. , Garwicz Martin , Darch Henry , Houghton Conor , Marple‐Horvat Dilwyn E. , Apps Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cerebellum is the largest sensorimotor structure in the brain. A fundamental organizational feature of its cortex is its division into a series of rostrocaudally elongated zones. These are defined by their inputs from specific parts of the inferior olive and Purkinje cell output to specific cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. However, little is known about how patterns of neuronal activity in zones, and their microcircuit subdivisions, microzones, are related to behaviour in awake animals. In the present study, we investigated the organization of microzones within the C3 zone and their activity during a skilled forelimb reaching task in cats. Neurons in different microzones of the C3 zone, functionally determined by receptive field characteristics, differed in their patterns of activity during movement. Groups of Purkinje cells belonging to different receptive field classes, and therefore belonging to different microzones, were found to collectively encode different aspects of the reach controlled by the C3 zone. Our results support the hypothesis that the cerebellar C3 zone is organized and operates within a microzonal frame of reference, with a specific relationship between the sensory input to each microzone and its motor output.
imageKey points
A defining feature of cerebellar organization is its division into a series of zones and smaller subunits termed microzones.
Much of how zones and microzones are organized has been determined in anaesthetized preparations, and little is known about their function in awake animals.
We recorded from neurons in the forelimb part of the C3 zone ‘in action’ by recording from single cerebellar cortical neurons located in different microzones defined by their peripheral receptive field properties during a forelimb reach–retrieval task in cats.
Neurons from individual microzones had characteristic patterns of activity during movement, indicating that function is organized in relation to microcomplexes.