bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Carbonyl Species Inhibit Blue-Light-Dependent Activation of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase and Stomatal Opening
Authors: Murakami Nanaka , Fuji Saashia , Yamauchi Shota , Hosotani Sakurako , Mano Jun’ichi , Takemiya Atsushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS stimulate stomatal closure by inhibiting blue light (BL)-dependent stomatal opening under diverse stresses in the daytime. However, the stomatal opening inhibition mechanism by ROS remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), lipid peroxidation products generated by ROS, on BL signaling in guard cells. Application of RCS, such as acrolein and 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal (HNE), inhibited BL-dependent stomatal opening in the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Acrolein also inhibited H+ pumping and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase phosphorylation in response to BL. However, acrolein did not inhibit BL-dependent autophosphorylation of phototropins and the phosphorylation of BLUE LIGHT SIGNALING1 (BLUS1). Similarly, acrolein affected neither the kinase activity of BLUS1 nor the phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 1, a positive regulator of BL signaling. However, acrolein inhibited fusicoccin-dependent phosphorylation of H+-ATPase and stomatal opening. Furthermore, carnosine, an RCS scavenger, partially alleviated the abscisic-acid- and hydrogen-peroxide-induced inhibition of BL-dependent stomatal opening. Altogether, these findings suggest that RCS inhibit BL signaling, especially H+-ATPase activation, and play a key role in the crosstalk between BL and ROS signaling pathways in guard cells.
Transcriptional networks regulating suberin and lignin in endodermis link development and ABA response
Authors: Xu Huimin , Liu Peng , Wang Chunhua , Wu Shasha , Dong Chaoqun , Lin Qingyun , Sun Wenru , Huang Benben , Xu Meizhi , Tauqeer Arfa , Wu Shuang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vascular tissues are surrounded by an apoplastic barrier formed by endodermis that is vital for selective absorption of water and nutrients. Lignification and suberization of endodermal cell walls are fundamental processes in establishing the apoplastic barrier. Endodermal suberization in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots is presumed to be the integration of developmental regulation and stress responses. In root endodermis, the suberization level is enhanced when the Casparian strip, the lignified structure, is defective. However, it is not entirely clear how lignification and suberization interplay and how they interact with stress signaling. Here, in Arabidopsis, we constructed a hierarchical network mediated by SHORT-ROOT (SHR), a master regulator of endodermal development, and identified 13 key MYB transcription factors (TFs) that form multiple sub-networks. Combined with functional analyses, we further uncovered MYB TFs that mediate feedback or feed-forward loops, thus balancing lignification and suberization in Arabidopsis roots. In addition, sub-networks comprising nine MYB TFs were identified that interact with abscisic acid signaling to integrate stress response and root development. Our data provide insights into the mechanisms that enhance plant adaptation to changing environments.
Quantifying the immunological distinctiveness of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of prior regional herd exposure
Authors: Niesen Michiel J M , Murugadoss Karthik , Lenehan Patrick J , Marchler-Bauer Aron , Wang Jiyao , Connor Ryan , Brister J Rodney , Venkatakrishnan A J , Soundararajan Venky 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen the persistent emergence of immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants under the selection pressure of natural and vaccination-acquired immunity. However, it is currently challenging to quantify how immunologically distinct a new variant is compared to all the prior variants to which a population has been exposed. Here, we define “Distinctiveness” of SARS-CoV-2 sequences based on a proteome-wide comparison with all prior sequences from the same geographical region. We observe a correlation between Distinctiveness relative to contemporary sequences and future change in prevalence of a newly circulating lineage (Pearson r = 0.75), suggesting that the Distinctiveness of emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineages is associated with their epidemiological fitness. We further show that the average Distinctiveness of sequences belonging to a lineage, relative to the Distinctiveness of other sequences that occur at the same place and time (n = 944 location/time data points), is predictive of future increases in prevalence (Area Under the Curve, AUC = 0.88 [95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.90]). By assessing the Delta variant in India versus Brazil, we show that the same lineage can have different Distinctiveness-contributing positions in different geographical regions depending on the other variants that previously circulated in those regions. Finally, we find that positions that constitute epitopes contribute disproportionately (20-fold higher than the average position) to Distinctiveness. Overall, this study suggests that real-time assessment of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of prior regional herd exposure via Distinctiveness can augment genomic surveillance efforts.
Anti-CD74 IgA antibodies show diagnostic potential for axial spondyloarthritis but are not associated with microscopic gut inflammation
Authors: De Craemer Ann-Sophie , Witte Torsten , Lobaton Ortega Triana , Hoorens Anne , De Vos Martine , Cuvelier Claude , Vastert Sebastiaan J , Baraliakos Xenofon , Van den Bosch Filip , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Gut inflammation commonly occurs in axial SpA (axSpA), and is linked to disease activity and outcome. Given the role of IgA in mucosal immunity, we explored the association between anti-CD74 IgA antibodies, gut inflammation and axSpA.

Methods
Anti-CD74 IgA was measured by ELISA in serum samples of axSpA patients, fulfilling the 2009 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria. A group of fibromyalgia (FM) and RA patients served as non-inflammatory and inflammatory controls. Newly diagnosed axSpA patients underwent ileocolonoscopy; mucosal biopsies were histopathologically assessed as normal, acute or chronically inflamed. Optimal anti-CD74 IgA cut-off values were determined with a receiver operating characteristics curve.

Results
axSpA patients (n = 281) showed higher anti-CD74 IgA levels [mean (s.d.) 18.8 (12.4) U/ml] compared with 100 FM patients [10.9 (5.0) U/ml, P &lt; 0.001] and 34 RA patients [13.7 (9.6) U/ml, P = 0.02]. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for diagnosis (axSpA vs FM) was 0.70, providing a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 87% (cut-off 15 U/ml). Antibody concentrations were not significantly different between axSpA patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 69) gut inflammation (P = 0.83), yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.51. Anti-CD74 IgA levels were not associated with degree of bone marrow oedema on MRI of the sacroiliac joints, CRP or any other disease-specific feature such as the use of NSAIDs or biological treatment.

Conclusion
Serum anti-CD74 IgA is a potentially useful diagnostic biomarker for axSpA. However, antibody levels do not correlate with any phenotypical feature, including microscopic gut inflammation, suggesting this to be a disease-specific rather than an inflammatory marker.
Mortality, Revascularization, and Cardioprotective Pharmacotherapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Chu Ryan Sai Ting , Hung Chun , Law Jenny Wai Yiu , Wong Corine Sau Man , Chang Wing Chung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
People with severe mental illness (SMI) may experience excess mortality and inequitable treatment following acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, cardioprotective pharmacotherapy and SMI diagnoses other than schizophrenia are rarely examined in previous reviews. We hypothesized that SMI including bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased post-ACS mortality, decreased revascularization, and cardioprotective medication receipt relative to those without SMI.

Study Design
We performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize estimates of post-ACS mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and receipt of invasive coronary procedures and cardioprotective medications in patients with SMI, comprising schizophrenia, BD, and other nonaffective psychoses, relative to non-SMI counterparts. Subgroup analyses stratified by SMI subtypes (schizophrenia, BD), incident ACS status, and post-ACS time frame for outcome evaluation were conducted.

Study Results
Twenty-two studies were included (n = 12 235 501, including 503 686 SMI patients). SMI was associated with increased overall (relative risk [RR] = 1.40 [95% confidence interval = 1.21–1.62]), 1-year (1.68 [1.42–1.98]), and 30-day (1.26 [1.05–1.51]) post-ACS mortality, lower receipt of revascularization (odds ratio = 0.57 [0.49–0.67]), and cardioprotective medications (RR = 0.89 [0.85–0.94]), but comparable rates of any/specific MACEs relative to non-SMI patients. Incident ACS status conferred further increase in post-ACS mortality. Schizophrenia was associated with heightened mortality irrespective of incident ACS status, while BD was linked to significantly elevated mortality only in incident ACS cohort. Both schizophrenia and BD patients had lower revascularization rates. Post-ACS mortality risk remained significantly increased with mild attenuation after adjusting for revascularization.

Conclusions
SMI is associated with increased post-ACS mortality and undertreatment. Effective multipronged interventions are urgently needed to reduce these physical health disparities.
Effect of Gender-affirming Facial Feminization Surgery on Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Caprini Rachel M. , Oberoi Michelle K. , Dejam Dillon , Chan Candace H. , Potemra Hi’ilani M.K. , Morgan Katarina B.J. , Weimer Amy , Litwin Mark S. , Mendelsohn Abie H. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
This study investigates the effect of gender-affirming facial feminization surgery (FFS) on psychosocial outcomes in patients with gender dysphoria.

Background:
Comprehensive analyses of psychosocial outcomes after gender-affirming FFS are absent in the literature resulting in a paucity of information on the impact of FFS on quality of life as well as ramifications in health insurance coverage of FFS.

Methods:
Scores from 11 validated, quantitative instruments from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) assessing anxiety, anger, depression, global mental health, global physical health, satisfaction with sex life, positive affect, emotional support, social isolation, companionship, and meaning and purpose. Patients within the preoperative group (pre-FFS) were evaluated >30 days before surgery and patients within the postoperative group (post-FFS) were evaluated ≥10 weeks after surgery.

Results:
A total of 169 patients [mean (SD) age, 33.5 (10.8) years] were included. Compared with the pre-FFS group (n=107), the post-FFS group (n=62) reported improved scores anxiety (56.8±8.8 vs 60.1±7.9, P=0.01), anger (47.4±7.6 vs 51.2±9.6, P=0.01), depression (52.2±9.2 vs 57.0±8.9, P=0.001), positive affect (46.6±8.9 vs 42.9±8.7, P=0.01), meaning and purpose (49.9±10.7 vs 46.2±10.5, P=0.03), global mental health (46.7±7.6 vs 43.1±9.2, P=0.01), and social isolation (52.2±7.5 vs 55.4±7.4, P=0.01). Multivariable analysis to account for the effects of other gender-affirming surgeries, hormone therapy duration, preexisting mental health diagnoses, socioeconomic disparities, and patient-reported quality of social relationships on psychosocial functioning demonstrated that completion of FFS was independently predictive of improved scores.

Conclusions:
Gender-affirming FFS improves the quality of life by multiple psychosocial domains in transfeminine patients.
Completion Pancreatectomy After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Loos Martin , König Anna-Katharina , von Winkler Nikolai , Mehrabi Arianeb , Berchtold Christoph , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Schneider Martin , Hoffmann Katrin , Kulu Yakup , Feisst Manuel , Hinz Ulf , Lang Matthias , Goeppert Benjamin , Albrecht Thomas , Strobel Oliver , Büchler Markus W. , Hackert Thilo 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify the indications for and report the outcomes of completion pancreatectomy (CPLP) in the postoperative course after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Background:
CPLP may be considered or even inevitable for damage control after PD.

Methods:
A prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing PD between 2001 and 2019 was searched for patients who underwent CPLP in the postoperative course after PD. Baseline characteristics, perioperative details, and outcomes of CPLP patients were analyzed and specific indications for CPLP were identified.

Results:
A total of 3953 consecutive patients underwent PD during the observation period. CPLP was performed in 120 patients (3%) after a median of 10 days following PD. The main indications for CPLP included postpancreatectomy acute necrotizing pancreatitis [n=47 (39%)] and postoperative pancreatic fistula complicated by hemorrhage [n=41 (34%)] or associated with uncontrollable leakage of the pancreatoenteric anastomosis [n=23 (19%)]. The overall 90-day mortality rate of all 3953 patients was 3.5% and 37% for patients undergoing CPLP.

Conclusions:
Our finding that only very few patients (3%) need CPLP suggests that conservative, interventional, and organ-preserving surgical measures are the mainstay of complication management after PD. Postpancreatectomy acute necrotizing pancreatitis, uncontrollable postoperative pancreatic fistula, and fistula-associated hemorrhage are highly dangerous and represent the main indications for CPLP after PD.
Translating Telemedicine to Thoracic Surgical Oncological Care: Performance Analysis and Patient Perceptions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Harrington Caitlin A. , Hsu Meier , Tan Kay See , Medina Benjamin , Boerner Thomas , Adusumilli Prasad S. , Bains Manjit S. , Bott Matthew J. , Isbell James M. , Park Bernard J. , Sihag Smita , Rusch Valerie W. , Jones David R. , Rocco Gaetano , Molena Daniela 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The objective is to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected care for patients undergoing thoracic surgery for cancer.

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telemedicine.

Methods:
Characteristics and outcomes of new patients seen between March 1 and June 30, 2019, and the same period in 2020 were compared. Patients who did not undergo surgery were excluded. Patients who had a telemedicine visit (new and established) in the 2020 period were asked to complete a survey.

Results:
In total, 624 new patients were seen in 2019 versus 299 in 2020 (52% reduction); 45% of patients (n=136) in 2020 were seen via telemedicine. There was no statistically significant difference in time to surgery, pathological upstaging, or postsurgical complications between 2019 and 2020. In total, 1085 patients (new and established) had a telemedicine visit in 2020; 239 (22%) completed the survey. A majority replied that telemedicine was equivalent to in-person care (77%), did not impair care quality (84%), resulted in less stress (69%) and shorter waits (86%), was more convenient (92%), saved money and commuting time (93%), and expanded who could attend visits (91%). Some patients regretted the loss of human interaction (71%). Most would opt for telemedicine after the pandemic (60%), although some would prefer in-person format for initial visits (55%) and visits with complex discussions (49%). Only 21% were uncomfortable with the telemedicine technology.

Conclusions:
Telemedicine enabled cancer care to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic without delays in surgery, cancer progression, or worsened postoperative morbidity and was generally well received.
Telehealth treatment for gambling disorder in the COVID-19 era: seismic shifts and silver linings
Authors: Smith Nathan D.L. , Jones Galen M. , Lucia Mark B. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Gambling disorder is a serious mental health condition and the only behavioral addiction currently recognized by the American Psychiatric Association. Though prevalence and treatment seeking for gambling disorder have been stable for decades, the global COVID-19 pandemic has created a seismic shift in societal factors that influence gambling disorder and treatment availability. At the same time, the increasing availability of telehealth therapy for gambling disorder offers a new way to provide specialized treatment nationwide.

Recent findings
The present review discusses the seismic shifts in underlying risk factors, gambling availability, and reduced access to treatment. It also covers the emergence of telehealth treatment for gambling disorder, including its benefits and pitfalls.

Summary
In separate commentaries, several experts hypothesized that the pandemic was likely to increase mental health risk factors in society such as social isolation, job loss, and stress. In addition, access to online gambling also increased, while countries that locked down more strictly (like Singapore) saw a reduction in terrestrial gambling, countries that did not lock down strictly (like Sweden) did not see changes in gambling behavior. Telehealth was almost universally recommended as a good option for treatment in the studies we reviewed, though proper training and staffing are needed for telehealth to prove effective. Gambling disorder was only included in nationwide addiction telehealth programs in two countries.
Synapses, predictions, and prediction errors: a neocortical computational study of MDD using the temporal memory algorithm of HTM
Authors: Sherif Mohamed A. , Khalil Mostafa Z. , Shukla Rammohan , Brown Joshua C. , Carpenter Linda L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynapses and spines are central in major depressive disorder (MDD) pathophysiology, recently highlighted by ketamine’s and psilocybin’s rapid antidepressant effects. The Bayesian brain and interoception perspectives formalize MDD as being “stuck” in affective states constantly predicting negative energy balance. We examined how synaptic atrophy relates to the predictive function of the neocortex and thus to symptoms, using temporal memory (TM), an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm. TM represents a single neocortical layer, learns in real-time using local Hebbian-learning rules, and extracts and predicts temporal sequences.MethodsWe trained a TM model on random sequences of upper-case alphabetical letters, representing sequences of affective states. To model depression, we progressively destroyed synapses in the TM model and examined how that affected the predictive capacity of the network.ResultsDestroying 50% of the synapses slightly reduced the number of predictions, followed by a marked drop with further destruction. However, reducing the synapses by 25% dropped the confidence in the predictions distinctly. So even though the network was making accurate predictions, the network was no longer confident about these predictions.ConclusionsThese findings explain how interoceptive cortices could be stuck in limited affective states with high prediction error. Growth of new synapses, e.g., with ketamine and psilocybin, would allow representing more futuristic predictions with higher confidence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use the TM model to connect changes happening at synaptic levels to the Bayesian formulation of psychiatric symptomatology, making it possible to understand treatment mechanisms and possibly, develop new treatments.Graphical abstract
Revealing Individual Neuroanatomical Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Verdi Serena , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Yong Keir , Tosun Duygu , Schott Jonathan M. , Marquand Andre F. , Cole James H. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is clinically heterogeneous, in symptom profiles, progression rates and outcomes. This clinical heterogeneity is linked to underlying neuroanatomical heterogeneity. To explore this, we employed the emerging technique of neuroanatomical normative modelling to index regional patterns of variability in cortical thickness in individual patients from the large multi-site Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We aimed to characterise individual differences and outliers in cortical thickness in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, people with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal controls. Furthermore, we assessed the relationships between cortical thickness heterogeneity and cognitive function, amyloid-beta, tau, ApoE genotype. Finally, we examined whether individual neuroanatomical normative maps were predictive of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. Data on cortical thickness from the 148 brain regions of the Destrieux FreeSurfer atlas was obtained from T1-weighted MRI scans of 1492 participants scanned at 62 different sites. A neuroanatomical normative model was developed to index normal cortical thickness distributions using a separate healthy reference dataset (n= 33,072), employing hierarchical Bayesian regression to predict cortical thickness per region using age and sex. These regional normative models were then fine-tuned to the ADNI dataset after which cortical thickness z-scores per region were calculated, resulting in a z-score ‘map’ for each participant. Regions with z-scores < -1.96 were classified as outliers. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease had a median of 12 outlier regions out of a possible 148. Individual patterns of outlier regions were highly variable, with the highest overlap in the parahippocampal gyrus at only 47% of patients. For 62 regions, over 90% of these patients had cortical thicknesses within the normal range. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease had significantly more outlier regions than people with mild cognitive impairment or controls [F(2, 1022) = 95.39), P = 2.0 x ×10−16]. They were also statistically more dissimilar to each other than were people with mild cognitive impairment or cognitive normal controls [F(2, 1024) = 209.42, P = 2.2×10−16]. Having a greater number of outlier regions was associated with worse cognitive function, CSF protein concentrations and an increased risk of converting from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease within three years (HR =1.028, 95% CI[1.016,1.039], P =1.8 ×10−16). Individualised normative maps of cortical thickness highlight the heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s effects on the brain. Regional outlier estimates have the potential to be a marker of disease and could be used to track an individual’s disease progression or treatment response in clinical trials.