bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ni/Pd-based ohmic contacts to p-GaN through p-InGaN/p+-GaN contacting layers
Authors: Zhang Minglong , Ikeda Masao , Huang Siyi , Liu Jianping , Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Shuming , Yang Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Specific contact resistance

to p-GaN was measured for various structures of Ni/Pd-based metals and thin (20–30 nm thick) p-InGaN/p+-GaN contacting layers. The effects of surface chemical treatment and annealing temperature were examined. The optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 550 °C, above which the sheet resistance of the samples degraded considerably, suggesting that undesirable alloying had occurred. Pd-containing metal showed ~35% lower

compared to that of single Ni. Very thin (2–3.5 nm thick) p-InGaN contacting layers grown on 20–25 nm thick p+-GaN layers exhibited one to two orders of magnitude smaller values of

compared to that of p+-GaN without p-InGaN. The current density dependence of

, which is indicative of nonlinearity in current-voltage relation, was also examined. The lowest

achieved through this study was 4.9 × 10–5 Ω·cm2 @ J = 3.4 kA/cm2.
Development of antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds via loading CZTSe quantum dots for wound dressing applications
Authors: Ceylan Seda , Sert Buse , Yurt Fatma , Tunçel Ayça , Öztürk İsmail , Demir Didem , Ocakoglu Kasim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of scaffolds designed for use in wound healing are accepted as an important factor in the healing process to accelerate the wound healing process without causing inflammation. For this purpose, chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes loaded with Cu2ZnSnSe4 quantum dots (CZTSe QDs) as an antibacterial and cytocompatible biomaterial to regulate the wound healing process were produced. CZTSe QDs particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polymer-based nanocomposites with different concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were produced by the solvent casting method. After detailed physicochemical and morphological characterizations of CZTSe QDs and composite membranes, antibacterial activities and cell viability were extensively investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and yeast strains, and L929 mouse fibroblast cells lines, respectively. The results show that the preparation of composite scaffolds at a QDs concentration of 3.3% by weight has the best antimicrobial activity. Composite scaffold membranes, which can be obtained as a result of an easy production process, are thought to have great potential applications in tissue engineering as wound dressing material due to their high mechanical properties, wettability, strong antibacterial properties and non-toxicity.
Strong collective action enables valuable and sustainable fisheries for cooperatives
Authors: Elsler Laura G , Quintana Anastasia , Giron-Nava Alfredo , Oostdijk Maartje , Stefanski Stephanie , Guillermo Xavier Basurto , Nenadovic Mateja , Romero María José Espinosa , Weaver Amy Hudson , Van Dyck Salvador Rodriguez , Tekwa E W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seafood is one of the most internationally-traded food commodities. International markets can provide higher revenues that benefit small-scale fishing communities but can also drive a decline in fished populations. Collective action in collective organizations such as fishing cooperatives is thought to enhance the sustainability of fished populations. However, our knowledge of how collective action enables fishing cooperatives to achieve positive social-ecological outcomes is dispersed across case studies. Here, we present a quantitative, national-level analysis exploring the relationship between different levels of collective action and social-ecological outcomes. We found that strong collective action in Mexican lobster cooperatives was related to both sustaining their fisheries and benefiting from international trade. In the 15 year study period, lobster cooperatives that demonstrate characteristics associated with strong collective action captured benefits from trade through high catch volumes and revenue. Despite lower (but stable) average prices, the biomass of their lobster populations was not compromised to reap these benefits. Individual case studies previously found that fishing cooperatives can support both positive social and ecological outcomes in small-scale fisheries. Our results confirm these findings at a national level and highlight the importance of strong collective action. Thus, our work contributes to a better understanding of the governance arrangements to promote fishing communities’ welfare and benefits from international trade and, therefore, will be invaluable to advancing small-scale fisheries governance.
Gaseous reactive nitrogen losses of agricultural systems in China influenced by crop trade
Authors: Yue Wencong , Yu Shujie , Su Meirong , Xu Meng , Rong Qiangqiang , Xu Chao , Tan Zhenkun , Cai Yanpeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
China plays an important role in the international trade of agricultural commodities. Considering the dynamic reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses of agricultural systems in China, a hypothesis was proposed that crop conversion in China would be correlated with the extent of crop trade, influencing Nr losses in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis based on a hybrid approach, which incorporated life cycle analysis (LCA), copula–Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation, and copula sampling. The approach was proven to be of benefit in (a) evaluating Nr losses in crop planting based on a LCA framework, (b) identifying dependencies and co-movements of the correlated variables in planting structures and crop trade using copula–MCMC simulations, and (c) recognizing fluctuations in Nr losses of crop planting in the future using copula-based sampling method. The planting structures and international trade of four types of crops (i.e. wheat, soybeans, maize, and rice) in 20 provinces of China indicated significant correlations, thus supporting the initial hypothesis. With the improvement of self-sufficiency in crop production, especially soybeans, Nr losses from the crop production of China in 2025 and 2030 would decrease by 8.43% and 4.26%, compared with those in 2018 (i.e. 1916.74 kt N).
Electrochemical codeine sensor based on carbon paste electrode/HKUST-1
Authors: Pirasteh Masoud , Momeni Isfahani Tahereh , Pourghobadi Zeinab 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this research, the Cu-MOF (metal-organic framework, HKUST-1) was synthesized via co-precipitation method and it was into the carbon paste electrode and has been investigated in the measurement of codeine. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The effective parameters in the sensitivity of the method were optimized. Quantitative measurements and determination of codeine at the surface of the modified electrode were performed by using differential pulse voltammetry. Finally, the ability of the developed method to measure codeine in real plasma samples was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range was obtained from 2 to 100 μM with a limit of detection of 0.66 μM. The high efficiency of the developed electrode in plasma samples was proved by using high and acceptable accuracy and satisfactory relative recovery percentage. The results in which the recoveries values with RSD% for three repeated measurements were in the range of 97–109 (%RSD = 3.75 to 4).
Negotiation: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Everyone negotiates. Whenever we need someone else to help us achieve our goals we negotiate. This book introduces theories of negotiation, including assumptions of scarcity and competition, or possibilities of integration of parties’ needs and interests and problem-solving approaches to achieve both joint and individual gain. The book provides analysis and guidance on how to assess what is at stake in each negotiation and how contexts vary to help us choose appropriate behaviors, including different strategies and tactics for achieving both joint and individually preferred outcomes. Illustrations and examples come from historical, diplomatic, international, legal, employment, relationship, business, family, and everyday negotiations. Drawing on the varied disciplines of game theory, economics, psychology, sociology, law, political science, and anthropology, negotiation is described as a multi-disciplinary process, involving both cognitive analysis and behavior. The book looks at modern applications of negotiation in complex multi-party, multi-issue situations, with cultural, racial, class, ethnic, and gender differences and use of negotiation processes in new dispute resolution and transactional settings, like mediation, facilitation, deliberative democracy, decision making, and restorative justice. Challenges to good negotiations in ethical dilemmas, legal enforcement, and behavioral barriers are explored.
Expression of microRNA let-7 in cleavage embryos modulates cell fate determination and formation of mouse blastocysts
Authors: Liu Weimin , Chen Jing , Yang Chen , Lee Kai-Fai , Lee Yin-Lau , Chiu Philip Chi-Ngong , zhang Yihui , Duan Yong-Gong , Liu Kui , Yeung William Shu-Biu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cell division. Up to the 8-cell stage, the blastomeres of mouse preimplantation embryos are morphologically identical. The first cell differentiation starts in the morula leading to the formation of trophectoderm cells and inner cell mass cells of the blastocyst. The regulation of the differentiation event and the formation of blastocysts are not fully known. Lethal-7 (let-7) is a family of evolutionarily conserved microRNAs. Here, we showed that the expression of let-7a and let-7g decreased drastically from the 1-cell stage to the 2-cell stage, remained low up to the 8-cell stage and slightly increased after the morula stage of mouse embryos. The expression of let-7 in the inner cell mass was higher than that in the trophectoderm. Forced expression of let-7a in embryos at the 1-cell and 4-cell stage inhibited blastocyst formation and downregulated the expression of CDX2 but maintained that of OCT4 in the trophectoderm. Forced expression of other let-7 isoforms exhibited similar inhibitory action on blastulation. On the other hand, inhibition of let-7a at the 4-cell stage and the 8-cell stage enhanced blastocyst formation. Co-injection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNA (lineage tracer) with either precursor of let-7a (pre-let-7a) or scramble control into one blastomere of 2-cell embryos showed that ~75% of the resulting blastocysts possessed GFP+ cells in their inner cell mass only. The biased development towards the inner cell mass with forced expression of let-7 was reproduced in 2-cell chimeric embryos consisting of one wildtype blastomere and one GFP mRNA-injected blastomere from another 2-cell embryo carrying a doxycycline-inducible let-7g gene. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Tead4 was a potential target of let-7. Let-7 bound to the 3′UTR of Tead4 and let-7 forced expression downregulated the expression of Tead4 in mouse blastocysts. Co-injection of Tead4 mRNA partially nullified the modulatory roles of let-7a in the inner cell mass cell fate. In conclusion, a high level of let-7 at the 2-cell stage favored the formation of the inner cell mass, whereas a low level of let-7 at the 4-cell to 8-cell stage enhanced blastocyst formation. Tead4 mediated the action of let-7 on the inner cell mass cell-fate determination.
Spalt and disco define the dorsal-ventral neuroepithelial compartments of the developing Drosophila medulla
Authors: Valentino Priscilla , Erclik Ted 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spatial patterning of neural stem cell populations is a powerful mechanism by which to generate neuronal diversity. In the developing Drosophila medulla, the symmetrically dividing neuroepithelial cells of the outer proliferation center crescent are spatially patterned by the nonoverlapping expression of 3 transcription factors: Vsx1 in the center, Optix in the adjacent arms, and Rx in the tips. These spatial genes compartmentalize the outer proliferation center and, together with the temporal patterning of neuroblasts, act to diversify medulla neuronal fates. The observation that the dorsal and ventral halves of the outer proliferation center also grow as distinct compartments, together with the fact that a subset of neuronal types is generated from only one half of the crescent, suggests that additional transcription factors spatially pattern the outer proliferation center along the dorsal-ventral axis. Here, we identify the spalt (salm and salr) and disco (disco and disco-r) genes as the dorsal-ventral patterning transcription factors of the outer proliferation center. Spalt and Disco are differentially expressed in the dorsal and ventral outer proliferation center from the embryo through to the third instar larva, where they cross-repress each other to form a sharp dorsal-ventral boundary. We show that hedgehog is necessary for Disco expression in the embryonic optic placode and that disco is subsequently required for the development of the ventral outer proliferation center and its neuronal progeny. We further demonstrate that this dorsal-ventral patterning axis acts independently of Vsx1-Optix-Rx and thus propose that Spalt and Disco represent a third outer proliferation center patterning axis that may act to further diversify medulla fates.
Age-Related Hearing Loss, Cognitive Performance, and Metabolic Risk in Healthy Adults: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ghisletta Paolo , Dahle Cheryl L , Raz Naftali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesSensorineural hearing loss (presbycusis) affects up to half of the adults, is associated with cognitive decline. Whether this association reflects the cause, the consequence, or parallel processes driven by other factors remains unclear. Both presbycusis and cognition are linked to elevated metabolic risk, which in turn raises with age.MethodIn a multioccasion longitudinal design, we used latent change score models with strong factorial invariance to assess the change in pure-tone threshold auditory function, fluid intelligence, metabolic risk, variability therein, and the dynamic relationships among the 3 domains. We examined, up to 4 times over more than 7 years, a sample of relatively healthy 687 adults (aged 18.17–83.25 years).ResultsWe found that levels of auditory and cognitive functioning at time t-1 influence each other’s subsequent change between times t-1 and t, even when controlling for the reciprocal effects of metabolic risk on both. Thus, auditory and cognitive functioning do not only decline in parallel in healthy adults, but also affect each other’s trajectories. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first long-term study with such evidence.DiscussionOur results are in accord with extant hypotheses about auditory-cognitive associations in old age (e.g., social isolation, cognitive load, increased inflammation, reduced gene expression, and other microvascular or neuropathological factors). They also echo previous reports underscoring the need for improving access to hearing aids and other rehabilitative services aimed at reducing hearing loss. If applied early in the aging process, such interventions may mitigate cognitive decline.
34 A Comparison of International Genetic Evaluations of Show Jumping in Sport Horses
Authors: Doyle Jennifer L , Carroll Christopher , Corbally Alison , Fahey Alan G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The breeding of sport horses to compete in show jumping is fast becoming a global industry with the increased use of reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination and embryo transfer, facilitating the dissemination of genetics from elite horses across multiple countries and breeds. Due to this increased level of crossbreeding, there is an increased need for estimate breeding values for sport horse performance that can be compared across breeds and countries. However, the implementation of a cross-breed or across-country genetic evaluations has been limited by the differences in individual breeding programs and genetic evaluations in each studbook. Consequently, the aim of this study was to compare the genetic evaluations for show jumping of sport horse studbooks worldwide. An email was sent to the studbooks included in the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses Studbook Rankings for show jumping in 2019 to request information on their current breeding programs and genetic evaluations. Twenty-six of the 51 studbooks contacted replied to this request. Only 18 of these studbooks conducted their own genetic evaluations or were part of a larger genetic evaluation in their country of origin. Overall, many differences were identified among the genetic evaluations of each studbook or each country. The definition of show jumping performance differed within each evaluation and the methods and models utilized also differed (Table 1). Despite some stallions and mares being registered in multiple studbooks or having progeny in multiple studbooks, these differences make comparison of estimated breeding values across studbooks difficult. Further transparency and collaboration of sport horse studbooks with organizations such as Interstallion, will be essential to facilitate any future implementation of international genetic evaluations for show jumping performance.
33 Genetic Evaluation of Show Jumping Performance in the Irish Sport Horse
Authors: Doyle Jennifer L , Fahey Alan G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current genetic evaluations of the Irish Sport Horse are undertaken on a single trait called the Lifetime Performance Rating (LPR). The LPR represents the highest level a horse has achieved two double clear rounds in show jumping in both national and international performances. The objective of this study was to compare the method currently used in these evaluations (Model 1, Table 1) to a modified methodology to determine the most accurate method for estimating breeding values (EBV) for the LPR. Genetic parameters and EBVs were generated based on the LPR of 30,355 horses using eight different animal models. Each of the eight models considered the additive genetic variance as the random effect and a combination of following fixed effects: sex, year the highest level was first achieved, age the highest level was achieved, maximum age of the animal in the competition data, Thoroughbred percentage (TB%), and TB% divided into eights. (Table 1). The goodness-of-fit of each model was evaluated using the Akaike’s information criteria and the genetic parameters produced by each model. Heritability estimates for LPR ranged from 0.26 to 0.32 depending on the model used (Table 1). The inclusion of age or maximum age in the model decreased the residual variances, and thus, increased the heritability estimates of LPR; these models also performed better than those that did not consider age in any form. The models that considered the effect of TB% were not a significantly better fit than those that did not consider this effect. In conclusion, future genetic evaluations of LPR in the Irish Sport Horse would benefit from using a model that considers either the age or maximum age of performance of each horse, alongside the year the highest level was achieved, and the sex of the horse.
40 The Impact of Sire EBV for Growth and Feed Intake on Pig Activity Level Using Nuutrack
Authors: Obermier Dalton R , Rathje Tom , Schmidt Ty B , Mote Benny E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Feed cost accounts for two-thirds of the total cost in producing pork. The principle in reducing feed costs, without sacrificing pork output, is improving feed efficiency. To date, the two traits commonly associated with improving feed efficiency are growth and feed intake; however the impact they have on maintenance levels is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine activity and behavior patterns of progeny using NUtrack from sires with different EBV combinations for growth and feed intake. A total of 175 pigs from four different sire groups (DNA Genetics Line 600; High Growth/High Feed Intake, HGHI; High Growth/Low Feed Intake, HGLI; Low Growth/High Feed Intake, LGHI; and Low Growth/Low Feed Intake, LGLI) were utilized at the UNL ENREC swine farm. Finisher pens were blocked by sire group and sex. Finisher exit weights were collected after 85 days, along with loin-eye area (LEA) and backfat (BF). NUtrack algorithms allowed for individual identification of pigs in a group housing setting to track daily activity behaviors including distance traveled (DIST) and time lying (LIE). Estimated marginal means were processed through RStudio. HIHG pigs traveled less DIST than those sired by LILG, HILG, and LIHG (P &lt; 0.05; 929 vs. 1,066, 990, and 984m, respectively). The HIHG pigs had greater LIE time than LIHG and LILG pigs (P &lt; 0.05; 1,119 vs. 1,188 and 1,175min, respectively). LILG pigs had greater LEA compared with HIHG, HILG, and LIHG sired pigs (P &lt; 0.05; 52.85 vs. 49.39, 49.97, and 51.05cm2, respectively). The LILG pigs had less BF compared with HIHG, HILG, and LIHG sired pigs (P &lt; 0.05; 1.42 vs. 1.48, 1.46, and 1.50cm, respectively). These results suggest that pigs from boars with high EBVs for growth travel less, spend more time lying and yield a fatter carcass.
52 Can Annual Lespedeza (Kummerowia Stipulacea) be Used as an Anti-Parasitic Hay for Goats?
Authors: Hicks Jayla , Holmes Brianna , Dykes Gregory , Mendez Nallely , Neha Ayesha , Shaik Arshad , Chelkapally Sai Chandan , Brown Davia , Crumpler Jeslyn , Whitley Niki C C , Pech-Cervantes Andres a , Terrill Thomas H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Infection with internal parasites is the primary constraint to profitable small ruminant production systems world-wide. Perennial lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) has been used as a nutraceutical (nutritional + pharmaceutical) forage for livestock, with very good bioactivity against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and coccidia (Eimeria spp.) in sheep and goats, but the anti-parasitic bioactivity of annual lespedeza (Kummerowia stiulacea) has not been documented. An 8-week pen feeding trial was completed with yearling Spanish intact bucks (38.3 ± 3.6 kg) fed 3 treatment diets (n = 15/treatment) of 60% hay and 40% concentrate, with diets balanced for CP and energy. Hay treatments were ground ‘Korean’ annual lespedeza (AL), ‘AU-Grazer’ sericea lespedeza (SL), and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Blood and fecal samples were taken every 7 days throughout the study to determine packed cell volume (PCV) and GIN fecal egg counts (FEC) and coccidia fecal oocyst counts (FOC), respectively. Body weights (BW) were taken at the start and end of the trial. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with repeated measures. There was no effect of treatment, time, or treatment x time interaction on BW or PCV of the goats. Both FEC and FOC were impacted by a treatment by time interaction (P &lt; 0.05). For FEC, AL goats were different from CON at all time points, but the SL group was only different from CON at d 14, 21 and 49. The AL and SL groups were different at days 35, 42 and 49 only. For FOC, AL was only different (P &lt; 0.03) from CON on day 49, SL different from CON on day 42 and 49 and AL different from SL on day 42 only. Korean AL had similar anti-parasitic bioactivity as AU-Grazer SL in goats, suggesting a larger role for AL as a nutraceutical forage for livestock.