bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes synaptogenesis signaling, a major dysregulated pathway in malformation of cortical development, in a rat model
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Kim Eun-Jin , Kim Min-Jee , Yum Mi-Sun , Yeom Jeonghun , Kim Kyunggon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Malformation of cortical development (MCD) is one of the main causes of intractable epilepsy in childhood. We explored a treatment based on molecular changes using an infant rat model of methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-induced MCD established by injecting MAM at gestational day 15. The offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day (P) 15 for proteomic analysis, which revealed significant downregulation in the synaptogenesis signaling pathway in the cortex of MCD rats. Recombinant human insulin-growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) was injected from P12 to P14 twice daily and the effect of IGF1 on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced spasms (15 mg/kg of NMDA, i.p.) was tested; the onset of P15 single spasm was significantly delayed (p = 0.002) and the number of spasms decreased (p < 0.001) in rhIGF1-pretreated rats (n = 17) as compared to those in VEH-treated rats (n = 18). Electroencephalographic monitoring during spasms showed significantly reduced spectral entropy and event-related spectral dynamics of fast oscillation in rhIGF-1 treated rats. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the retrosplenial cortex showed decreased glutathione (GSH) (p = 0.039) and significant developmental changes in GSH, phosphocreatine (PCr), and total creatine (tCr) (p = 0.023, 0.042, 0.015, respectively) after rhIGF1 pretreatment. rhIGF1 pretreatment significantly upregulated expression of cortical synaptic proteins such as PSD95, AMPAR1, AMPAR4, NMDAR1, and NMDAR2A (p < 0.05). Thus, early rhIGF-1 treatment could promote synaptic protein expression, which was significantly downregulated by prenatal MAM exposure, and effectively suppress NMDA-induced spasms. Early IGF1 treatment should be further investigated as a therapeutic strategy in infants with MCD-related epilepsy.
Artificial intelligence-based Morphogo system: identification of the morphology of bone marrow nucleated cells with high accuracy
Authors: Zhang Qiufang , Zhong Keke , Zhang Xiaofeng , Hua Changhui , Kong Tingting , Li Jingyuan , Peng Yuan , Wu Jingyan , yan Chen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Morphological examination of bone marrow (BM) nucleated cells is the gold standard for the diagnosis of hematological diseases. Expert skill is required for the accurate identification of BM nucleated cells. The expert review is time-consuming and lacks objectivity. The aim is to develop a more objective and automated analysis system for faster diagnosis of hematological diseases.
Method
The BM smears of patients with hematological diseases were collected from Dian Diagnostics from September 2021 to December 2021.The smears were divided into five groups with different degrees of cell morphological changes. The BM nucleated cells images were obtained by Morphogo system. The performance of Morphogo system in identification of BM nucleated cells was compared with pathologists.
Result
A total of 68610 BM nucleated cells images were obtained. Morphogo system displayed a high identification performance of BM nucleated cells (sensitivity 0.9362, specificity 0.9977, PPV 0.8354, NPV 0.9974, and accuracy 0.9954). We compared the percentage of BM nucleated cells of Morphogo system against pathologists and showed the almost perfect agreement, with an average Kappa of 0.8695 and r of 0.9019 for 25 cell classes. The practical utility of Morphogo system was examined in hematological diseases. Pathologists used Morphogo system to diagnose disease with averaged sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy ranging from 0.9098 to 0.9868 The diagnosis results were in agreement with that made by pathologists using a microscope, with an average Kappa of 0.9096.
Conclusion
Morphogo system had the potential to assist pathologists in diagnosis of hematological diseases by improving the efficiency of identification of BM nucleated cells.
Structural Alterations of Cocoa Shell After Solid State Fermentation With Penicillium Roqueforti
Authors: Lessa Ozana Almeida , Silva Fabiane Neves , Tavares Iasnaia Maria de Carvalho , Sampaio Igor Carvalho Fontes , Pimentel Adriana Bispo , Leite Selma Gomes Ferreira , Gutarra Melissa Limoeiro Estrada , Tienne Lucas Galhardo Pimenta , Silva Flávia dos Santos Gomes , Salay Luiz Carlos , Oliveira Julieta Rangel , Franco Marcelo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lignocellulosic residues, such as cocoa bean shell (FI), are generated in large quantities during agro-industrial activities. Proper management of residual biomass through solid state fermentation (SSF) can be effective in obtaining value-added products. The hypothesis of the present work is that the bioprocess promoted by P. roqueforti can lead to structural changes in the cocoa bean shell fibers that confer characteristics of industrial interest. To unveil such changes, the techniques of FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA/TG were used. After SSF, an increase of 36.6% in the crystallinity index was observed, reflecting the reduction of amorphous components such as lignin in the FI residue. Furthermore, an increase in porosity was observed through the reduction of the 2θ angle, which gives the FF a potential candidate for applications of porous products. The FTIR results confirm the reduction in hemicellulose content after SSF. The thermal and thermogravimetric tests showed an increase in the hydrophilicity and thermal stability of FF (15% decomposition) in relation to the in natura by-product FI (40% decomposition). These data provided important information regarding changes in the crystallinity of the residue, existing functional groups and changes in degradation temperatures. The techniques employed contributed to the understanding of the changes in the lignocellulosic matrix after the fungus growth, as well as the mechanism that helps to propose the total use of the residual solid after fermentation processes.
Adaptive Fast Finite-time Control for Nonlinear Systems Subject to Output Hysteresis by Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xueyi , Wang Fang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This paper investigates the fast finite-time adaptive fuzzy control issue for the nonlinear systems with external disturbance and output hysteresis. The output hysteresis and the nonlinearities are completely unknown. The hysteresis inverse and asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function are employed to handle the difficulty caused by output hysteresis, the unknown nonlinearities are tackled by utilizing the fuzzy logic systems. Furthermore, the adaptive fuzzy fast finite-time controller is designed based on backstepping technique, such that the signals of closed-loop systems are bounded, and the tracking error remain in the defined set around zero after a finite period of time under the output constraint. This control strategy skillfully unify the control of output hysteresis and fast finite-time stability theorem for the first time. Finally, a numerical simulation confirms the effectiveness of presented control method.
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock induced by adrenal lesions: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhou Liping , Mo Xiaoye , Huang Guoqing , Wu Ping , She Changshou , Hu Shanshan , Liu Ben , Zhao Zhen , Yang Ning 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMost adrenal disorders have an insidious onset and are not severe. Only a minority of adrenal lesions can lead to life-threatening cardiovascular crisis. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is an extracorporeal life support technology that can partially replace human cardiopulmonary function. To date, many case reports have indicated that this technology can temporarily help patients survive critical condition and to achieve a good prognosis. Case presentation: A 27-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with sudden dyspnoea and haemoptysis. Pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest occurred immediately after admission, prompting VA-ECMO treatment. After the patient’s haemodynamics were stabilized, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) was detected via laboratory tests and imaging examination. After the withdrawal of VA-ECMO support, surgical resection of the lesions was performed, and a good prognosis was achieved.ConclusionVA-ECMO can be used as an emergency treatment for refractory cardiogenic shock caused by adrenal lesions. However, a large number of prospective studies are still needed to confirm its safety and efficacy and to clarify the timing of initiation and assessment of patient prognosis.
A nomogram for predicting cancer-specific in elderly patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhanghuang Chenghao , Wang Jinkui , Yao Zhigang , Ji Fengming , Li Li , Xie Yucheng , Yang Zhen , Tang Haoyu , Zhang Kun , Wu Chengchuang , Yan Bing , Zhang Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumour in the elderly with an increasing trend in recent years. We aimed to construct a nomogram of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (nmRCC). Methods: Clinicopathological information was downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in elderly patients with nmRCC from 2010 to 2015. All patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort (70%) or a validation cohort (30%). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for patient outcomes in the training cohort. A nomogram was constructed based on these independent risk factors to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS in elderly patients with nmRCC. We used a range of methods to validate the accuracy and reliability of the model, including calibration curve, consistency index (C-index), the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to test the clinical utility of the model. Results: A total of 12,116 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (N=8514) and validation cohort (N=3602). In the training cohort, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, marriage, tumour histological type, histological tumour grade, TN stage, tumour size, surgery are independent risk factors for prognosis. A nomogram was constructed based on independent risk factors to predict CSS at 1-, 3-, and 5- years in elderly patients with nmRCC. The C-index of the training cohort and the validation cohort were 0.826 and 0.831, respectively. The AUC results of the training and validation cohort were similar to the C-index. The calibration curve indicated that the observed value is highly consistent with the predicted value, meaning the model has good accuracy. DCA results suggest that the clinical significance of the nomogram is better than that of traditional TNM staging.Conclusions: We built a nomogram prediction model to predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year CSS of elderly nmRCC patients. This model has good accuracy and discrimination and can help doctors and patients make clinical decisions and active monitoring.
Microencapsulates of Stenocereus pruinosus fermented juice concentrate and their bioactive compounds using maltodextrin, gum arabic, and mesquite gum as carrier agents
Authors: Jiménez-González Oscar , Guerrero-Beltrán José Ángel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pitaya juice contains high amounts of pigments, especially betalains. In order to obtain the pitaya pigments to be encapsulated, a simplex-lattice-design was used. Pitaya fermented juices were mixed with mesquite gum (MG), gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MDX) or their combinations (5% w/v) and encapsulated by spray drying (160°C). Microcapsules were analyzed in color, bioactive compounds and some physicochemical characteristics. All formulations allowed the obtention of powders (yield 64–84%). All powders had moisture content below 6%, water activity around 0.208, and a pale-red color (Hue and Chroma around to 16° and 32, respectively). Powders with MG and GA had the highest red index values. The MG-GA combination retained the higher amount of betalains (3.28 ± 0.09 mg/g powder, particularly betaxanthins). The phenolic compounds content of powders ranged between 8.01 and 10.77 mg Gallic acid equivalents/g powder and a maximum antioxidant activity of 15.05 mg trolox equivalents/g powder, particularly the ternary blend (MG-GA-MDX).
Dose Delays, Dose Reductions, and Relative Total Dose Intensity in Patients with Advanced Cancer Who Exercised During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment
Authors: Wonders Karen , Schmitz Kathryn , Harness Jay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE & BACKGROUND: When it comes to chemotherapy, maintaining the dose and schedule of treatment are of vital importance, as clinical evidence suggests that this is associated with optimal treatment outcomes. Yet, dose delays and reductions are common methods of mitigating the chemotherapy-induced side effects of treatment. Despite the fact that maintaining RDI is important to achieve improved outcome, a substantial proportion of patients are given less than 85% of the suggest dose. Exercise has been successfully shown to attenuate chemotherapy-related symptoms that frequently cluster together. PURPOSE: In light of importance of maintaining dose intensity, we conducted a retrospective analysis in patients with advanced disease treated with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens and who completed exercise training during treatment. INTERVENTIONS: After obtaining IRB approval, data were collected retrospectively in a chart review of 184 patients, aged 18 years or older and treated for Stage IIIA-IV cancer. Data collection included baseline patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including age at diagnosis, cancer stage at initial diagnosis, chemotherapy regimen, and planned dose and schedule. Specific variables that were collected include: cardiovascular changes, treatment-related side effects, treatment compliance, and medications. All patients completed at least 12 weeks of prescribed, individualized exercise. Each program included cardiovascular, resistance training, and flexibility components, and were completed under the supervision of a certified exercise oncology trainer once a week. EVALUATION: RDI was measured for each myelosuppressive agent in a regimen over the entire chemotherapy course and then averaged across the myelosuppressive agents in a regimen. An RDI of less than 85% was designated as the clinically meaningful threshold for reduction in RDI based on previously published studies. DISCUSSION: A considerable proportion of patients across regimens had dose delays (18.3%-74.3%) and dose reductions (18.1%-84.6%). Further between 12% and 83.9% of patients missed at least one dose of a myelosuppressive agent that was part of their standard regimen. Overall, 50.8% of patients received less than 85% of the RDI. INNOVATION: Patients with advanced cancer who adhered to their exercise regimen, chemotherapy dose delays and dose reductions were relatively common among tumor types and treatment regimens. However, these delays and reductions occurred significantly less frequently than previously published data
Identification of Guiboutia species by NIR-HSI spectroscopy
Authors: Xue Xiaoming , Chen Zhenan , Wu Haoqi , Gao Handong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) spectroscopy can be a rapid, precise, low-cost and non-destructive way for wood identification. In this study, samples of five Guiboutia species were analyzed by means of NIR-HIS. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) were used after different data treatment in order to improve the performance of models. Transverse, radial, and tangential section were analyzed separately to select the best sample section for wood identification. The results obtained demonstrated that NIR-HSI combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) and SVM can achieve high prediction accuracy and low computing cost. Pre-processing methods of SNV and Normalize can increase the prediction accuracy slightly, however, high modelling accuracy can still be achieved by raw pre-processing. Both models for the classification of G. conjugate, G. ehie and G. demeusei perform nearly 100% accuracy. Prediction for G. coleosperma and G. tessmannii were more difficult when using PLS-DA model. It is evidently clear from the findings that the transverse section of wood is more suitable for wood identification. NIR-HSI spectroscopy technology has great potential for Guiboutia species analysis.
Metagenomic investigation of soil microbial community and population diversity of the “Dhala Impact Crater” - The largest crater in India and Southeast Asia
Authors: Patel Margi , Islam Shaikhul , Baid Sachin , Patel Ashish 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dhala Impact Crater is located near Bhonti village in Pichhore block of Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the largest crater in India and between the Mediterranean and Southeast Asia. Until now, no comprehensive study was ever conducted to elucidate the microbial community composition and structure of the Dhala Impact Crater. In the current study, the microbial community structure associated with Dhala Impact Crater was investigated using illumina high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. Four samples were collected out of which two samples (DM1 and DM2) were collected from the top area of the crater and another two samples (DM3 and DM4) were collected from the bottom area of the crater. Taxonomic analysis has identified 42 microbial phyla as most abundant, while a combined analysis of taxonomic composition and phylogenetic relationships revealed an intriguing abundance of the Proteobacteria (about 80–90%) and Firmicutes (about 29%). At the order level of taxonomic classification, Pseudomandales (about 35–55%) and Clostridiales (about 30%) were found to be predominant. Our first report on unveiling the microbial diversity of the Dhala Impact Crater has identified consistent yet vastly diverse microbial communities.
Potential distribution and connectivity in two plethodontid salamanders: conservation areas and landscape corridors for two endemic species
Authors: Bolom-Huet René , Pacheco Xareni P. , Muñoz-Alonso Antonio , Sunny Armando 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Habitat loss is one of the most important threats to biodiversity; it alters the habitat connectivity of species, and is among the main causes of the global amphibian extinction crisis. Identifying the potential areas of distribution and connectivity of species is of the utmost importance so that informed decisions can be made for the conservation of vulnerable amphibian populations. In this study, we performed species distribution models and used circuit theory to model omnidirectional connectivity for two plethodontid salamanders of conservation concern distributed in the forests of Chiapas, Mexico, and Guatemala (Bolitoglossa franklini and Bolitoglossa lincolni). Potential distribution maps show an affinity for well-preserved montane forests for both species. Likewise, we found that the niches of the species are not similar. The connectivity models show that the main areas of connectivity are in the Meseta Central de Chiapas, Sierra Madre de Chiapas, and the Cordillera Volcánica Guatemalense, in this last range, important areas of connectivity were located, as well as least-cost paths and barriers to the movement of both species. We identified that important areas of connectivity are not within the protected natural areas and may be threatened by the increasing influence of anthropogenic activities. The results of our study show the importance of preserving the regional forests to ensure the persistence of species with arboreal habits and high sensitivity to habitat transformation, as well as to recognize and prioritize potential areas for management and protection in both southern Mexico and Guatemala.
Poly-hydroxylated bile acids and their prognostic roles in Alagille syndrome
Authors: Wang Meng-xuan , Han Jun , Liu Teng , Wang Ren-Xue , Li Li-Ting , Li Zhong-Die , Yang Jun-Cong , Liu Lang-Li , Lu Yi , Xie Xin-Bao , Gong Jing-Yu , Li Shi-Yu , Zhang Lei , Ling Victor , Wang Jian-She 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The liver manifestations of Alagille syndrome (ALGS) are highly variable, and factors affecting its prognosis are poorly understood. We asked whether or not the composition of bile acids in ALGS patients with good clinical outcomes differs from those with poor outcomes, and whether bile acids could be used as prognostic biomarkers. Blood for bile acid profiling were collected from genetically confirmed JAG1-associated ALGS patients before one year of age. Good prognosis was defined as survival with native liver and total bilirubin (TB) < 85.5 µmol/L, while poor prognosis as either liver transplanted, died of liver failure, or TB ≥ 85.5 µmol/L at last follow-up. We found that the concentrations of two poly-hydroxylated bile acids, tauro-2β,3α,7α,12α-tetrahydroxylated bile acid (THBA), and glyco-hyocholic acid (GHCA), were significantly increased in patients with good prognosis compared to those with poor prognosis (AUC = 0.836 and 0.782, respectively) in the discovery cohort. The same trend was also observed in the molar ratios of GHCA to GCDCA and THCA to TCDCA (both AUC = 0.836). A validation cohort confirmed these findings. Notably, tauro‐2β,3α,7α,12α-THBA achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 88.00% (92.31% sensitivity and 83.33% specificity); GHCA at > 607.69 nmol/L was associated with native liver survival (hazard ratio: 6.456, 95% CI: 1.173–35.545, P = 0.032). We identified two poly-hydroxylated bile acids as the liver prognostic biomarkers of ALGS patients. Enhanced hydroxylation of bile acids may result in better clinical outcomes.
How to Accurately Detect and Assess the Street Trees Risk in Mega Cities: A Tree Risk Assessment Method and Its Application
Authors: He Kun , Wei Longlong , Li Nan , Wang Junjie , Ye Sihao , Wang Benyao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditional visual tree assessment based on rapid diagnosis is suitable for the rapid, large-scale assessment of urban tree risks, but it cannot accurately determine internal decay in trunks and underground root systems, may leading to highly subjective evaluation results. A risk matrix-based street tree risk assessment system was established by combining a visual tree assessment method, nondestructive detection techniques, information acquisition, and data analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The method was used to conduct risk detection and assessment on 1,001 street trees with a diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm on 14 streets in a Historic Features Protection Area of Shanghai. The result showed that: 1) The branch and the trunk risk possibility of the vast majority of street trees were at level 2 or below, while the root risk possibility of more than one third of the trees was at level 3 or above. 2) The risk level of 23% of the trees in the protected area was moderate or above, while that of most of the other trees was at a negligible or acceptable level. The risk consequence severity level was high for trees on Tianping Road but low for trees on Donghu Road and Taojiang Road. 3) The street tree risk level shows a strong correlation with the presence of tree cavities, diseases and insect pests, the depth and range of root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks, and the risk points are concentrated in the trunk and root system. Conducting a risk assessment of street trees based on precision diagnosis techniques can improve the scientific rigor of the assessment. The results of this work can provide a basis for the accurate assessment of street trees risk in some large cities, which provides a new assessment system for the trees risk assessment in important urban areas, and the approach is conducive to the refined management of urban greening trees.