bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evidence of years lived with reproductive age morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (2010-2018)
Authors: Kalindi Audrey , Houle Brian , Canudas-Romo Vladimir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDespite remarkable progress in reducing maternal mortality over the past three decades, maternal morbidities remain high, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the number of years women spend with maternal morbidities, and how much each maternal complication contributes to unhealthy remaining years in reproductive ages is unknown. We estimate the number of life years that women of reproductive ages spend in poor health due to indirect maternal health morbidities. MethodsWe use Demographic and Health Survey data from 23 SSA countries to estimate age-specific mortality prevalence in reproductive age women, and construct life tables to estimate the survival function and reproductive age life expectancy (RALE) with and without HIV and anemia using the Sullivan method. ResultsThere is a high prevalence of HIV (4.9%) and anemia (34.3%) among SSA women. There is also heterogeneity in prevalence across regions, with higher prevalence of anemia in East (27.9%), Central (36.5%) and West Africa (47.8%), and HIV in Southern Africa (13.0%). These conditions compromise women’s health by an average of 14.3 years [CI 95%, 14.3-14.4], approximately 42% of RALE life years. On average, SSA women spend 11.6 years [11.6-11.7] with anemia, 1.7 years [1.7-1.8] with HIV, and 1.1 years [1.1-1.2] with both conditions. ConclusionsThe high burden of life years with reproductive age morbidities among SSA women highlights that to achieve healthy lives for women and children as part of Sustainable Development Goal 3, morbidity prevention and management measures among women will need to be enhanced over the entire reproductive age span.
Coping strategies for HIV and mental illness comorbidities among adult patients in south-western Uganda
Authors: Katugume Prosper , Namukowa John Bosco , Nankunda Oliver , Muhwezi Trevor James , Namaseruka Ruth , Wakida Edith K , Obua Celestino , Kakongi Nathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV and mental illness comorbidity remain one of the healthcare challenges with limited information and medical care attention. The co-existence of the two, result in poor coping thereby increasing vulnerability and poor health-related wellbeing. A number of strategies for coping with HIV and mental illness have been reported for individual states of HIV and mental illness but there is limited data on comorbidity states. In this study, we aimed at exploring coping strategies for HIV and Mental illness comorbidity among adult patients in southwestern Uganda and potential points of intervention that can mitigate challenges they encounter.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study design was used. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 26 adult (≥ 18 years) patients attending health care services at one hospital and one health Centre IV in Sheema and Isingiro district respectively, in southwestern Uganda. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim from the local language and translated into English. Data was managed and analyzed using ATLAS.Ti software.
Results
A wide range of coping strategies categorized as individual centered, family support, healthcare and social support were reported. Avoidance of emotional stressors like quarrels, worries and annoyance was the most common. Other strategies were; seeking medical care, abstinence from sex, attending educational trainings, health status disclosure and caring for self. In coping with the comorbidity, several challenges were encountered, but various points of intervention including financial aid and scaling up training or educating masses on the causes, dangers and preventive measures of these diseases were suggested to improve the quality of life and also to prevent new infections.
Conclusions
We found variability in coping strategies categorized as individual centered, family support, healthcare support and social support. Avoidance of emotion stressors was a common coping strategy among the respondents. Several challenges are encountered in coping but potential points of interventions to mitigate the challenges were identified. Scaling up healthcare education for all, and tailored trainings to promote coping with HIV and mental illness comorbidity, together with adopting financial aid programs directed towards poverty alleviation among these patients were recommended.
Temporal and Spatial Changes of Land Use in the Yellow River Basin Based on Geo- Information Tupu method
Authors: Tang Xiaoying , Zhu Xicun , Li Wei , Zhang Jie , Yu Xinyang , Wang Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
[Objective] The land use of the Yellow River Basin(YRB) has a significant impact on the ecology and economy of the basin. It is extremely important to study the temporal and spatial change of land use in the YRB for the sustainable development of the basin. [Methods]Taking the YRB as the study area, the land use types in the basin were classified and evaluated based on remote sensing monitoring data of five years of land use. The temporal and spatial characteristics of land use in four time series units from 2000 to 2005, 2005 to 2010, 2010 to 2015, and 2015 to 2020 were analyzed by using geo-information Tupu method, and the internal factors of land use change were analyzed from the perspective of increase and decrease. [Results] The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the land type of the YRB is dominated by grassland, the growth trend of woodland is higher than that of grassland, the growth trend of built-up land is higher than that of water area, and the cultivated land and unused land show a decreasing trend; different time series units show similar land changes, with the strongest in 2000-2005. The Tupu units of "cultivated land →grassland", "grassland→cultivated land", "grassland→ unused land" and "unused land→ grassland" are the main changes in the four time series units ;In the rising trend Tupu, grassland is converted from a large number of cultivated land, and the increase of grassland has a tendency to occupy cultivated land. In the falling trend Tupu, a large number of grassland have been converted into cultivated land, and the increase of cultivated land is inclined to occupy grassland. All of them have the most obvious changes in Gansu, the southern part of Ningxia and the northern part of Shaanxi. From the perspective of spatial location, the two may be transformed into each other, and the distribution is relatively concentrated in the pilot areas of the policy of returning farmland to forests.[Conclusion] The analysis of temporal and spatial changes of land use in the YRB in the past 20 years provides a realistic case for the feedback role of land policy in society and environment, and lays a foundation for the harmonious development of human and ecology.
Medical students experience of different forms of discrimination at one Swedish medical school
Authors: Kisiel Marta A. , Rask-Andersen Anna , Kuhner Sofia , Zhou Xing Wu , Wohlin Martin , Järhult Susann J. , Janson Christer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The aim was to study discrimination in medical students at Uppsala University in Sweden.
Methods
All registered medical students in the spring semester of 2020 were sent a survey by e-mail. Data were compared with two previous studies. Questions about gender and sexual harassment were the same as in the study conducted in 2002 and 2013. In addition, the survey 2020 included a question about other grounds of discrimination.
Results
Forty percent, 453 of 1130 medical students, participated. The proportion of students reporting gender-based discrimination at the preclinical semesters was similar in women and men. During clinical semesters, significantly more women than men reported gender discrimination (41% vs 21.5%, p = 0.005) and sexual harassment (22% vs 5%, p = 0.001). Physicians were the most commonly reported perpetrator. Reports about not being respected had increased from 2.2–20.0% between 2013 and 2020 among female clinical students. The prevalence of experiencing several sexual harassing behaviors increased in female and male clinical students and female preclinical students. Receiving an unwelcomed touch increased from 1.3–6.8% in female clinical students. Discrimination due to ethnicity was reported by 36% of students with non-Swedish ethnicity compared to 3% of those with Swedish ethnicity.
Conclusion
Our findings confirm that experiences of different forms of discrimination exist in this medical school, and females and minorities are particularly affected.
Vanadium impairs neuronal infrastructure of the hippocampal trisynaptic loop in the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse).
Authors: MUSTAPHA OLUWASEUN AHMED , Awala-Ajakaiye Micheal , Taiwo Boluwatife , Bello Stephen Temitayo , Olude Matthew Ayokunle , Olopade James Olukayode 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Environmental pollution with vanadium may pose neurotoxicity threats to known unique neural attributes (cognition and olfaction) of the African giant rat (AGR). This rodent lives within the same ecological zones with the human populace thus, experimental investigations on the effect of vanadium on this rodent may mirror latent epidemiological scenario on the human populace. This work was designed to evaluate the neurotoxic effect of vanadium on the hippocampal neuronal infrastructure and circuitry, and provide cellular correlates to its notable pathologies in the AGR. Adult male AGRs were dosed daily with 3mg/kg body sodium metavanadate for 14days and harvested brains were processed for histology Using Nissl and Golgi staining techniques with stereological analysis. we demonstrated the effect of vanadium on AGR neuronal architecture of the hippocampal trisynaptic loop as a probable cellular mechanism of vanadium-induced memory deficits. Specifically, the most notable pathologies were seen in the dentate gyrus and CA3 with significant decrease in neuronal density, disruption of the cytoarchitecture, and loss of dendritic arborizations and axonal extensions. while hippocampal subfields CA2 and CA4 show region-specific resistance to the vanadium-induced neurotoxicity. The selective vulnerability to the vanadium-induced neurotoxicity is adduced. Given the unique neural attributes of the AGR and their translational benefits, as sniff rats it then becomes expedient to note the impact of environmental pollution (in this case vanadium) on their performance index. It is also proposed that this indigenous rodent may be a suitable model for evaluating memory pathologies in ecological studies of neurotoxicities.
Safety and Efficacy Outcomes after Intranasal administration of Neural Stem Cells in Cerebral Palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lv Zhongyue , Li Ying , Wang Yachen , Cong Fengyu , Li Xiaoyan , Cui Wanming , Han Chao , Wei Yushan , Hong Xiaojun , Liu Yong , Ma Luyi , Jiao Yang , Zhang Chi , Li Huanjie , Jin Mingyan , Wang Liang , Ni Shiwei , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are believed to have the most therapeutic potential for neurological disorders because they can differentiate into various neurons and glial cells. This research evaluated the safety and efficacy of intranasal administration of NSCs in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The functional brain network (FBN) analysis based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis based on T1-weighted images were performed to evaluate functional and structural changes in the brain.Methods: 25 CP patients aged 3-12 years old were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n=15), which received intranasal infusion of NSCs loaded by nasal patches and rehabilitation therapy, or the control group (n=10), which received rehabilitation therapy only. The primary endpoints were the safety (assessed by the incidence of adverse events (AEs), laboratory and imaging examinations) and the changes in the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and some adapted scales. The secondary endpoints were the FBN and VBM analysis.Results: There were only 4 AEs happened during the 24 months follow-up period. No significant difference in the laboratory examinations before and after treatment, and the magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormal nasal and intracranial masses. Compared to the control group, patients in the treatment group showed apparent improvements in GMFM-88 and ADL 24 months after treatment. Compared with the baseline, the scale scores of the Fine Motor Function, Sociability, Life Adaptability, Expressive Ability, GMFM-88, and ADL increased significantly in the treatment group 24 months after treatment, while the SDSC score decreased considerably. Compared with baseline, the FBN analysis showed a substantial decrease in brain network energy, and the VBM analysis showed a significant increase in gray matter volume in the treatment group after NSCs treatment.Conclusions: Our results showed that intranasal administration of NSCs was well tolerated and potentially beneficial in children with CP.Trial registration: The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03005249, registered 29 December 2016, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03005249) and the Medical Research Registration Information System (CMR-20161129-1003).
Concomitant pharmacologic medications influence the clinical outcomes of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis in patients with ulcerative colitis: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ueno Nobuhiro , Sugiyama Yuya , Kobayashi Yu , Murakami Yuki , Iwama Takuya , Sasaki Takahiro , Kunogi Takehito , Sakatani Aki , Takahashi Keitaro , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Serikawa Shinya , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Muto Momotaro , Inaba Yuhei , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) with Adacolumn has been widely used as a remission induction therapy for patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). However, an appropriate GMA treatment strategy related to concomitant medication in patients with active UC has not been established. Herein, we investigated the influence of concomitant medications in the remission induction of GMA in patients with active UC.Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients with UC who underwent GMA in five independent institutions in Japan from January 2011 to July 2021. Clinical factors associated with clinical remission (CR) were analyzed statistically.Result: A total of 133 patients with active UC who underwent GMA were included. Seventy-four patients achieved a CR after GMA. The overall CR rate was 55.6%. The multivariable analysis revealed that concomitant medication with 5-aminosalicylic acid, Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES), and concomitant medication with immunosuppressors (IMs) remained as predictors of CR after GMA (p = 0.027, odds ratio [OR] 0.157; p = 0.017, OR 2.983; and p = 0.008, OR 3.361, respectively). In the subgroup analysis in patients with MES 2, concomitant medication with IMs was demonstrated as a significant negative factor of CR after GMA (p = 0.042, OR 2.823). Seventy-four patients who achieved CR after GMA were followed up for 52 weeks. CR was sustained in 24 of 74 patients (32%), and the median remission time was 30 weeks. In the multivariable analysis, the maintenance therapy with IMs was demonstrated as a significant positive factor of sustained CR up to 52 weeks (p = 0.038, OR 2.214). The rate of sustained CR in patients with 5-ASA and IMs was not different when compared with that in patients with 5-ASA only (p = 0.248). On the other hands, the rate of sustained CR in patients with biologics and IMs was significantly higher than that in patients with biologics only (p = 0.002).Conclusion: GMA was more effective for patients with active UC that relapsed under treatment without IM. Furthermore, the addition of IMs should be considered in patients on maintenance therapy with biologics after GMA.
Malaysia Seismic Provision Design Standard Approach for Bridge Design Based on Ranau Earthquake
Authors: Kassem Moustafa Moufid , Nazri Fadzli Mohamed , Adnan Azlan , Alel Mohd Nur Asmawisham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A lack of seismic consideration in the practice calculation design of BS 5400 was already known by engineers and specialists, but it is ignored since the authorities thought Malaysia was outside the seismic activity zone. Most bridge engineers in Malaysia have acquired their tertiary education from European nations like the United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand (NZ), and others who adhere to the British Standard 5400 code of conduct. It's a pity some officials haven't remembered that Malaysia is just a few miles away from Indonesia and the Philippines, both of which are regarded seismically active. This study proposes to extract a pier structural geometrical shape to be assessed under Ranau seismic event using non-linear time history analysis. Indeed, the purpose of this paper is to build up a Malaysian National Annex Standard for bridge seismic design based on Eurocode 8 Part-2 provisions, so that Malaysia can set its own criteria in terms of longitudinal reinforcement ratio and amount of confinement at various degrees of PGA intensity (30%g, 12%g, 9%g, 6%g, and 3%g). The results shows that the structural to withstand seismic loading against Ranau historical event, it needs 3.33% reinforcement ratio with minimum amount of confinement at 12%g intensity level is corresponded to Malaysia seismic hazard zonation map.
Anticoagulant Activity Analysis and Origin Identification of Panax notoginseng Using HPLC Chromatography and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Cui Zhiying , Liu Chunlu , Li Dandan , Wang Yuanzhong , Xu Furong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
At present, the correlation between saponins and anticoagulant activities analyzed from different origins and identification of the origins has been rarely reported. Here, the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), pharmacological experiments and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics were employed to analysis the correlation and origin identification of Panax notoginseng. The HPLC and pharmacological experiments showed that P. notoginseng saponin (PNS) of main roots was not significantly different, but the Wenshan Prefecture was the highest at 9.86%. The prolonged coagulation time was done for the best effect with 1.92s, and the anticoagulant activity was positively correlated with the contents of the three saponins and PNS with correlation coefficients of 0.298, 0.636**, 0.507**, and 0.597**, respectively. Therein, the content of ginsenoside Rg1 had the greatest influence on the anticoagulant effect. Therefore, it is necessary to identify its origins. On the base, the variable selection was performed on ATR-FTIR spectra by applying manual selection, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and variable importance (VIP) in projection. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification algorithm was applied to identify the origin of P. notoginseng. The results show that the variable selection method could extract a small number of variables containing valid information, improve the performance of the model, and the VIP has the best ability to identify the origins of P. notoginseng. It could thus be a powerful analytical tool for the identification of other Chinese medicinal materials.
Can weed composition and diversity support chickpea yield? A case study on dryland fields from western Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Naser , Bagheri Alireza , Nosratti Iraj , Mondani Farzad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the impacts of weed communities on chickpea yield (Cicer arietinum L.), an on-farm survey was conducted with a sampling from 85 dryland chickpea fields in a rural district, western Iran. The results showed that chickpea yield tended to decrease with increasing weed density and canopy cover as indicated by a polynomial response. Increasing weed density from 0 to 50 plant m-2 reduced the chickpea yield by 36.73% at the four to seven-leaf stage of chickpea. In addition, increases canopy cover from 0 to 55% caused chickpea yield loses by 41.70 g m-2 at the early podding stage of chickpea. Weed diversity and evenness had a positive effect on chickpea yield. Wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) were the most predominant weeds with a significant negative correlation with chickpea yield, weed evenness and diversity. Some weeds, such as licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) had a negative correlation with chicory and wild safflower and a positive correlation with weed diversity and evenness. In addition, there was a positive relationship between density and canopy cover of licorice and chickpea yield, weed diversity and evenness.
The Effect of APS-HVOF Bond Coating Thickness Ratio on TBC Furnace Cycle Lifetime
Authors: Lance Michael J. , Kane K. A. , Pint B. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Combinations of NiCoCrAlY APS and high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) bond coatings were deposited on alloy 247 disk substrates with APS yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coatings to assess the benefit of air plasma sprayed (APS) ‘flash’ bond coatings. Using 1-h cycles at 1100°C in air with 10% H2O and HVOF-only and APS-only bond coatings as a baseline, it was found that APS flash coatings extended the average coating lifetime by 16–35% with the thicker flash coating performing best. Principal component analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) compositional mapping on coatings characterized after 0, 100, 300 and 500 cycles and after failure showed that the Al in the bond coatings was depleted due to both oxidation and back diffusion into the substrate. The APS-only bond coating had significant oxidation throughout the bond coating and was so depleted in Al, that Al diffused from the substrate to the coating. Residual stress maps of the thermally-grown alumina scale were obtained every 100 cycles using photo-stimulated luminescence piezospectroscopy (PLPS) revealing that the thick flash coating had the slowest rate of damage accumulation in the oxide scale.
D-shaped surface plasmon photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor
Authors: Wang Shutao , Lu Yuhong , Ma Wenbo , Liu Na , Fan Shuanhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This work presents a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance with high sensitivity and high figure of merit. To enhance surface plasmon resonance, the gold film is deposited on the polished flat of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber. Ethanol and chloroform are employed as temperature-sensitive materials, which are placed on the outside of the fiber to detect temperature changes. When the phase-matching condition is met, the core mode couples with the surface plasma mode, resulting in energy transfer. The finite element method is used to perform all numerical simulations of sensor characteristics in the COMSOL software. The results show that the highest sensitivity of the sensor can reach 6.36 nm/°C, and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) is 0.3440/°C between − 5 ℃ and 60°C. To our knowledge, the achieved sensing characteristics are significantly better than those of the current PCF temperature sensors. Furthermore, excellent linearity with a polynomial fit R2 of up to 0.9981. The proposed sensor has exceptional performance in terms of temperature detection range, sensitivity, FOM and fabrication, making it suitable for a wide variety of biochemical and medical applications.