bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial function following intravenous iron in chronic kidney disease in the Iron and Heart Trial
Authors: Kassianides Xenophon , Allgar Victoria , Macdougall Iain C. , Kalra Philip A. , Bhandari Sunil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron deficiency commonly affects patients with chronic kidney disease and has an important burden in disease trajectory and quality of life; nonetheless current guidelines do not advocate treatment of iron-deficiency without anemia in this patient group. Concerns exist regarding the potential effects of intravenous iron on oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function. As part of a multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, we examined the effects of a single dose of intravenous iron vs. placebo on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial function in non-anemic iron deficient patients (serum ferritin < 100 μg/L and/or transferrin saturation < 20%) with chronic kidney disease (stage 3b-5). Fifty-four individuals were randomized to receive ferric derisomaltose (n = 26) or placebo (n = 28). Ferric derisomaltose was associated with a non-significant decrease in mean F2-isoprostane and no effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances when compared to placebo throughout follow up. No effect on inflammatory markers was observed. A modest but statistically significant rise in E-selectin was noted in the intravenous iron group at 1 month and 3 month follow-up (p = 0.030 and p = 0.002 respectively). These results suggest ferric derisomaltose administration in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease patients who are iron deficient does not induce prolonged oxidative stress or inflammation. Larger trials are required to quantify the benefit of intravenous iron administration in this patient group.
Determinants of CD4 count and risk for death of HIV infected children under ART
Authors: Gwadu Ayitenew Agegn , Tegegne Awoke Seyoum 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to identify variables jointly affected for CD4 count and hazard time to death of HIV-infected children under ART at Felege Hiwot Referal and Specialized Hospital. A retrospective cohort study design was conducted on 202 HIV-infected children under ART whose follow-ups were from January 2014 up to December 2018. The descriptive statistics revealed that about 25.2% of HIV-infected children under ART in the study period(Jaunary 2014–December 2018) died and 74.8% were censored. The estimated association parameter in the joint model was − 0.8339 and statistically significant (p value = 0.025). There was a negative relationship between the two response variables namely CD4 count and the risk for death on HIV-positive children under treatment. The level of education of children's parents, level of disclosure of the disease, baseline CD4 count, functional status, and adherence level were statistically and significantly affected for the two response variables, CD4 count and risks for the death of children. Separate and joint models have been compared interims of standard error and the joint model had a small standard error as compared to the separate models. The small standard errors in joint models indicate that the joint model was better in detecting variables that affected the two responses in this regard. Health-related education should be conducted to parents of children for easy recovery of CD4 count and for reducing risks for the death of children.
Compressive behaviour of anisotropic mycelium-based composites
Authors: Rigobello Adrien , Ayres Phil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMycelium based composites (MBC) exhibit many properties that make them promising alternatives for less sustainable materials. However, there is no unified approach to their testing. We hypothesise that the two-phase particulate composite model and use of ASTM D1037 could provide a basis for systematisation. An experimental series of MBC were produced using four substrate particle sizes and subjected to compression testing. We report on their effect over Young’s modulus and ultimate strength. We extend the study by investigating three anisotropic substrate designs through orientated fibre placement as a strategy for modifying compressive behaviour. We find that the two-phase particulate model is appropriate for describing the mechanical behaviour of MBC and that mechanical behaviour can be modified through anisotropic designs using orientated fibres. We also confirm that fibre orientation and particle size are significant parameters in determining ultimate strength.
Structured sparse multiset canonical correlation analysis of simultaneous fNIRS and EEG provides new insights into the human action-observation network
Authors: Dashtestani Hadis , Miguel Helga O. , Condy Emma E. , Zeytinoglu Selin , Millerhagen John B. , Debnath Ranjan , Smith Elizabeth , Adali Tulay , Fox Nathan A. , Gandjbakhche Amir H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe action observation network (AON) is a network of brain regions involved in the execution and observation of a given action. The AON has been investigated in humans using mostly electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but shared neural correlates of action observation and action execution are still unclear due to lack of ecologically valid neuroimaging measures. In this study, we used concurrent EEG and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the AON during a live-action observation and execution paradigm. We developed structured sparse multiset canonical correlation analysis (ssmCCA) to perform EEG-fNIRS data fusion. MCCA is a generalization of CCA to more than two sets of variables and is commonly used in medical multimodal data fusion. However, mCCA suffers from multi-collinearity, high dimensionality, unimodal feature selection, and loss of spatial information in interpreting the results. A limited number of participants (small sample size) is another problem in mCCA, which leads to overfitted models. Here, we adopted graph-guided (structured) fused least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty to mCCA to conduct feature selection, incorporating structural information amongst the variables (i.e., brain regions). Benefitting from concurrent recordings of brain hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses, the proposed ssmCCA finds linear transforms of each modality such that the correlation between their projections is maximized. Our analysis of 21 right-handed participants indicated that the left inferior parietal region was active during both action execution and action observation. Our findings provide new insights into the neural correlates of AON which are more fine-tuned than the results from each individual EEG or fNIRS analysis and validate the use of ssmCCA to fuse EEG and fNIRS datasets.
Decrease of tear break-up time at Japanese eye clinics during five consecutive years
Authors: Ayaki Masahiko , Negishi Kazuno 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this retrospective chart review study was to evaluate the 5-year trend of ocular surface examination results in participants who visited the eye clinic from 2015 to 2019, underwent corneal and lacrimal examinations, refraction, and intra-ocular pressure measurements, and reported six dry eye-related symptoms. A total of 1468 patients were analyzed. Tear break-up time (BUT) decreased continuously for five consecutive years: 4.76 ± 1.84 s in 2015, 4.57 ± 1.70 s in 2016 (p = 0.999, vs 2015), 4.35 ± 2.06 s in 2017 (p = 0.662), 3.83 ± 2.18 s in 2018 (p < 0.001), and 3.63 ± 2.10 s in 2019 (p < 0.001). The decrease of BUT was more prominent in women than men (p < 0.001) and the correlation coefficient between calendar year and BUT was greater in women than men (p = 0.002). Schirmer test value, strip tear meniscometry value, and corneal staining score did not exhibit significant changes. Prevalence of blurring, photophobia, and pain increased toward 2019 among symptoms surveyed (eye fatigue, blurring, photophobia, dryness, irritation, and pain) and regression analysis indicated blurring (p < 0.001), photophobia (p < 0.001), and pain (p < 0.001) were correlated with BUT. In conclusion, BUT decreased continuously for five consecutive years from 2015 to 2019 and was associated with dry-eye related symptoms.
Quantum error correction of spin quantum memories in diamond under a zero magnetic field
Authors: Nakazato Takaya , Reyes Raustin , Imaike Nobuaki , Matsuda Kazuyasu , Tsurumoto Kazuya , Sekiguchi Yuhei , Kosaka Hideo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFault-tolerant quantum memory plays a key role in interfacing quantum computers with quantum networks to construct quantum computer networks. Manipulation of spin quantum memory generally requires a magnetic field, which hinders the integration with superconducting qubits. Completely zero-field operation is desirable for scaling up a quantum computer based on superconducting qubits. Here we demonstrate quantum error correction to protect the nuclear spin of the nitrogen as a quantum memory in a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center with two nuclear spins of the surrounding carbon isotopes under a zero magnetic field. The quantum error correction makes quantum memory resilient against operational or environmental errors without the need for magnetic fields and opens a way toward distributed quantum computation and a quantum internet with memory-based quantum interfaces or quantum repeaters.
Seismic loss dynamics in three Asian megacities using a macro-level approach based on socioeconomic exposure indicators
Authors: Mestav Sarica Gizem , Pan Tso-Chien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScrutinizing the evolving exposure and possible consequent forthcoming seismic losses in rapidly urbanizing megacities is essential for decision-makers. Here we present a framework for the evaluation of spatio-temporal seismic loss dynamics where we propose a probabilistic macro-level loss estimation approach that is based on socioeconomic exposure indicators. We follow this framework to model the urban growth, disaggregate population to urban cells, and estimate grid-level wealth in three Asian megacities, namely Jakarta, Metro Manila, and Istanbul. Then, we calculate present and future probabilistic risk metrics based on the combination of evolving exposure, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and vulnerability curves. The results reveal that our approach can produce present loss estimates that are in the same order of magnitude as the conventional approaches. The predictions suggest that present average annual loss could increase almost twofold in Jakarta and in Metro Manila, and by almost 57% in Istanbul by 2030. Our framework can be used to trigger discussions between scientific community and decision-makers for better long-term risk reduction and risk awareness strategies.
The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the phenolic profiles, bioactivities and bioaccessibility of Rhodiola
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Deng Na , Zheng Bisheng , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: April 2022

Present study unravels the underlying mechanism of Rhodiola colon digesta on the enhancement of cell bioaccessibility: down-regulation of ABCF2 protein.
Linking hIAPP misfolding and aggregation with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural perspective
Authors: Hassan Shahab , White Kenneth , Terry Cassandra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There are over 40 identified human disorders that involve certain proteins folding incorrectly, accumulating in the body causing damage to cells and organs and causing disease. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of these protein misfolding disorders (PMDs) and involves human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) misfolding and accumulating in parts of the body, primarily in the pancreas, causing damage to islet cells and affecting glucose regulation. In this review, we have summarised our current understanding of what causes hIAPP to misfold, what conformations are found in different parts of the body with a particular focus on what is known about the structure of hIAPP and how this links to T2DM. Understanding the molecular basis behind these misfolding events is essential for understanding the role of hIAPP to develop better therapeutics since type 2 diabetes currently affects over 4.9 million people in the United Kingdom alone and is predicted to increase as our population ages.
What Eye Movement Reveals Concerning Age-Related Dissociation in Syntactic Prediction: Evidence From a Verb-Final Language
Authors: Oh Se Jin , Sung Jee Eun , Lee Sung Eun 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:How older adults engage in predictive processing compared to young adults during sentence processing has been a controversial issue in psycholinguistic research. This study investigated whether age-related differences in predictive processing emerge and how they influence young and older adults' construction of sentential representations in a verb-final language using the visual world eye-tracking paradigm.Method:Twenty-five young adults and 24 older adults participated in this study. They were administered a sentence–picture matching task under active and passive conditions during which their eye movements were recorded.Results:Older adults showed a stronger reliance on predictive processing based on probabilistic constraints compared to young adults at the second noun phrase (NP2) for both active and passive sentences. Specifically, older adults showed significantly greater target advantage looks in actives but greater distractor advantage looks in passives before encountering the verb compared to young adults, revealing older adults' stronger preference for active sentence representations. This stronger predictive processing at the NP2 among older adults engendered greater reduction in fixation proportion on the target picture at the verb only under the passive condition, suggesting that older adults experienced greater difficulties with syntactic revision and integration in passives compared to young adults.Conclusion:The current findings support that older adults more strongly rely on predictive processing based on probabilistic constraints denoted by case markers when constructing sentential representation compared to young adults, and this processing pattern increases processing difficulties when their prediction is incongruent with linguistic input.
Ariel stellar characterisation
Authors: Magrini L. , Danielski C. , Bossini D. , Rainer M. , Turrini D. , Benatti S. , Brucalassi A. , Tsantaki M. , Delgado Mena E. , Sanna N. , Biazzo K. , Campante T. L. , Van der Swaelmen M. , Sousa S. G. , Hełminiak K. G. , Neitzel A. W. , Adibekyan V. , Bruno G. , Casali G. 
Published: April 2022

Context.In 2020 the European Space Agency selected Ariel as the next mission to join the space fleet of observatories to study planets outside our Solar System. Ariel will be devoted to the characterisation of 1000 planetary atmospheres in order to understand what exoplanets are made of, how they form, and how they evolve. To achieve the last two goals all planets need to be studied within the context of their own host stars, which in turn must be analysed with the same technique, in a uniform way.Aims.We present the spectro-photometric method we developed to infer the atmospheric parameters of the known host stars in the Tier 1 of the Ariel Reference Sample.Methods.Our method is based on an iterative approach that combines spectral analysis, the determination of the surface gravity fromGaiadata, and the determination of stellar masses from isochrone fitting. We validated our approach with the analysis of a control sample, composed of members of three open clusters with well-known ages and metallicities.Results.We measured effective temperatureTeff, surface gravity logg, and the metallicity [Fe/H] of 187 F-G-K stars within the Ariel Reference Sample. We presented the general properties of the sample, including their kinematics, which allows us to classify them into thin- and thick-disc populations.Conclusions.A homogeneous determination of the parameters of the host stars is fundamental in the study of the stars themselves and their planetary systems. Our analysis systematically improves agreement with theoretical models and decreases uncertainties in the mass estimate (from 0.21 ± 0.30 to 0.10 ± 0.02M⊙), providing useful data for the Ariel consortium and the astronomical community at large.
Primary Intracranial Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Tsetsos Nikolaos , Poutoglidis Alexandros , Terzakis Dimitrios , Epitropou Ioannis , Oostra Amanda , Georgalas Christos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses host a variety of malignant tumors with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) being the most frequent cancer of salivary gland origin. The histological origin of such tumors virtually precludes primarily intracranial localization. The aim of this study is to report cases of primarily intracranial ACC without evidence of other primary lesions at the end of an exhaustive diagnostic workup.
Methods An electronic medical record search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cases of intracranial ACCs treated in Endoscopic Skull Base Centre Athens at the Hygeia Hospital, Athens from 2010 until 2021 with a mean follow-up time of at least 3 years. Patients were included if after complete diagnostic workup there was no evidence of a nasal or paranasal sinus primary lesion and extension of the ACC. All patients were treated with a combination of endoscopic surgeries performed by the senior author followed by radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy.
Results Three unique illustrative cases (ACC involving the clivus, cavernous sinus and pterygopalatine fossa, one orbital ACC with pterygopalatine fossa and cavernous sinus involvement and one involving cavernous sinus, and Meckel's cave with extension to the foramen rotundum) were identified. All patients underwent subsequently proton or carbon-ion beam radiation therapy.
Conclusions Primary intracranial ACCs constitute an extremely rare clinical entity with atypical presentation, challenging diagnostic workup and management. The design of an international web-based database with a detailed report of these tumors would be extremely helpful.
Measuring the Outcomes of a National Rehabilitation Program: Normative Data for the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI) and the Hearing Aid User’s Questionnaire (HAUQ)
Authors: Dillon Harvey , Birtles Greg , Lovegrove Roger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelf-report outcome measures were routinely collected from 4421 adult clients around Australia. The measures used were the Hearing Aid User’s Questionnaire (HAUQ), which assessed hearing aid use, benefit, problems, and satisfaction, and the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), which identified client needs, change in listening ability, and final listening ability in situations important to each client. Listening to television or radio and conversing with one or two others in a quiet place were the most frequently nominated needs. The benefit reported for noisy places was less than for quiet places, but very positive nonetheless. The normative data collected show a marked concentration of responses near the upper end of the scale for each of the outcome items except daily use. Consequently, correlations between the measures, although highly significant, were mostly less than 0.4. When the data were collapsed across subjects seen at each hearing center, benefit, satisfaction, usage, and problems with the hearing aids became much more strongly correlated with each other, with correlation coefficients up to 0.8. Benefit, satisfaction, usage, and the types of problems clients encountered with their hearing aids varied significantly from hearing center to hearing center. The most frequently reported problem was dissatisfaction with the quality of the subjects’ own voices (i.e., occlusion effect), followed by feedback. The problems most closely related to usage, benefit, and satisfaction, however, were the presence of feedback, comfort of the earmold or earshell, and the quality of the users’ own voices. These outcome measures appear to be most suitable for identifying needs, identifying individuals receiving markedly less than average benefit, and for finding small differences between outcomes for subgroups of the population.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; APHAB = Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit; BTE = behind the ear; COSI = Client Oriented Scale of Improvement; GAS = Goal Attainment Scaling; HAUQ = Hearing Aid User’s Questionnaire; HHIE = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly; ITE = in the ear; NAL = National Acoustic Laboratories; NAL-RP = NAL Revised Profound; SSPL = saturation sound pressure level
Nonuniformities in Self-Assessed Outcomes of Hearing Aid Use
Authors: Noble William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeasures of outcome, following hearing aid fitting, that involve self-assessment procedures addressed to uses and benefits can produce nonuniform variations in results. These may be due to measurement system problems (noise, measurement error), or they may reflect systematic factors whose influence remains to be made more explicit. Examples are drawn from literature concerning the use and nonuse of hearing aids, the influence of counselling on the extent of hearing aid use, the time course of adaptation to hearing aid, nonuse and particular uses of cochlear implants, fitting of behind the ear versus in the ear, and one versus two hearing aids. It is argued that attention to contexts of fitting may help in interpreting inconsistent or unexpected results in this literature. Finally, a comment is made concerning self-assessment procedures that are tailored to individual circumstances rather than applied uniformly across different people.
Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear; CIC = completely in the canal; HHIE = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly; ITE = in the ear
Synthesis of high-density olivine LiFePO4 from paleozoic siderite FeCO3 and its electrochemical performance in lithium batteries
Authors: Dose Wesley M. , Peebles Cameron , Blauwkamp James , Jansen Andrew N. , Liao Chen , Johnson Christopher S. 
Published: April 2022

The lithium-ion cathode material olivine LiFePO4 (LFP) has been synthesized for the first time from natural paleozoic iron carbonate (FeCO3). The ferrous carbonate starting material consists of the mineral siderite at about 92 wt. % purity. Because FeCO3 has divalent iron, the reaction with lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH2PO4) provides a unique method to develop iron-(II) containing LFP in an inert atmosphere. Since siderite FeCO3 is a common mineral that can be directly mined, it may, therefore, provide an inexpensive route for the production of LFP. After carbon-coating, the LFP yields a capacity in the range of 80–110 mAh g−1LFP (in one chosen specimen sample), which is lower than commercially available LiFePO4 (150–160 mAh g−1LFP). However, the tap density of LFP derived from siderite is noticeably high at 1.65 g cm−3. The material is likely to be improved with powder purification, nanosized processing, and more complete carbon-coating coverage with increased optimization.