bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drilling Automation - A Robot Takes Over the Drilling Floor
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: January 2022

The work on the drilling floor of the PaceR801 rig revolves around a stout robot methodically picking up sections of pipe and moving them precisely over the drilling center to rapidly connect the pipe.
While it is one of many technological advances on the rig Nabors bills as “the world’s first fully automated land rig,” the robot is the one “that gets most people interested and excited,” said Travis Purvis, senior vice president, global operations for Nabors Industries Ltd.
As of 18 October, the PaceR801 had completed the first well on an ExxonMobil pad and was drilling the lateral on the second well of the three-well pad. After the third is done, the extended test will move to the next pad.
It is risky to announce who came in first in a competitive race in a secretive business. But Nabors stands out because the PaceR801 has an automated drilling floor, a range of other automated functions above and below ground, and most significantly, it is the only one using its rig to drill producing wells for a customer.
Jason Gahr, operations manager for unconventional drilling at ExxonMobil, said the research collaboration “demonstrates the ability to optimize drilling using the combined power of robotics, automation, computing, and data.”
Since the announcement, Nabors has heard from other oil companies. “There is strong interest in the rig in many markets,” Purvis said.
The companies’ interests range from automating more drilling functions by retrofitting rigs, to wanting to hire the rig, whose name is frequently shortened in conversations to R801.
There is only one PaceR801 and it is going to be tied up for a while. “We expect to drill multiple test wells on multiple pads and continue to work on the technology” with ExxonMobil, Purvis said.
It was created to show off the fruits of a 5-year drive to create a totally automated version of its Pace high- specification rig. Nabors likens it to the concept cars built by automakers to show off their vision of the future and to promote innovation within the company.
In this case, it is a vision of the near future. While the automated drilling floor is new, much of the rest is recently proven technology. Two of the drilling automation programs used—Nabors’ SmartSLIDE and SmartNAV—are already on 30% of the Nabors fleet, said Austin Groover, director of operations for smart products at Nabors. Those applications, which manage drilling of the curve and directional drilling, plus a third that automates drilling a stand of pipe, SmartDRILL, have been used by ExxonMobil for 2 years.
Maximizing the performance of a rig with multiple proven technologies plus a new one such as a robotic drilling floor required developing a system that coordinates the movements of those apps and the rig hardware while drilling.
When Nabors experts describe that process, they rely on musical metaphors, from the robot doing its little dance to a conductor leading a symphony.
Prediction of Small-For-Gestational-Age Neonates at 33-39 Weeks’ Gestation in China: Logistic Regression Modeling of The Contributions of Second- and Third-Trimester Ultrasound Data and Maternal Factors
Authors: Xu Danping , Shen Xiuzhen , Guan Heqin , Zhu Yiyang , Yan Minchan , Wu Xiafang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives A screening model for prediction of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates (SGAp) was established by logistic regression using ultrasound data and maternal factors (MF). We aimed to evaluate the ability of SGAp as well as abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) measurements to predict SGA neonates at 33-39 weeks’ gestation.Methods This retrospective study evaluated 5298 singleton pregnancies that had involved three ultrasound examinations at 21+0–27+6, 28+0–32+6, and 33+0–39+6 weeks. All ultrasound data were transformed to MoM values (multiple of the median). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between SGA status and various variables (ultrasound data and MF) during pregnancy to build the SGAp model. EFW was calculated according to the Hadlock formula at 33-39 weeks of gestation. The predictive performance of SGAp, AC MoM value at 33+0–39+6 weeks (AC-M), EFW MoM value (EFW-M), and EFW-M plus MF was evaluated using ROC curves, the detection rates (DRs) at false-positive rates (FPRs) of 5% and 10%, and the FPRs at DRs of 85%, 90%, and 95%.Results The AUCs of SGAp, AC-M, EFW-M, and EFW-M plus MF for SGA neonates screening were 0.933 (95%CI: 0.916-0.950), 0.906 (95%CI: 0.887-0.925), 0.920 (95%CI: 0.903-0.936), and 0.925 (95%CI: 0.909-0.941), respectively. The DRs of SGAp, AC-M, EFW-M, and EFW-M plus MF for SGA neonates were 80.4%, 69.6%, 73.8% and 74.3% at 10% FPR. The AUCs of SGAp, AC-M, EFW-M, and EFW-M plus MF 0.950 (95%CI: 0.932-0.967), 0.929 (95%CI: 0.909-0.949), 0.938 (95%CI: 0.921-0.956) and 0.941 (95%CI: 0.924-0.958), respectively for screening SGA neonates delivered within 2 weeks after the assessment. The DRs for these births increased to 85.8%, 75.8%, 80.0%, and 82.5%, respectively.Conclusion The rational use of ultrasound data can significantly improve the prediction of SGA statuses.
Modelling and Analysis of Coupling Dynamics of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Yan Yao , Chen Zhenlei , Huang Cheng , Guo Qing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Exoskeleton is a promising technology to enhance the mobility of aged and disable people. With comfortable human-exoskeleton interaction, mechanical and control designers aim at accurately tracking a desired trajectory, while saving the wearer's energy expenditure is the preference from the viewpoint of biomechanics. Given all of these effects, we propose a new model, consisting of the swing dynamics of both human and robot's lower extremities coupled by damped springs representing elastic and viscous properties of band and human tissue. With the coupling coefficients identified with an experimental platform, the analytical model yields consistent results compared with an experimental exoskeleton, especially in the prediction of the interactive forces. Further analyses are then performed based on this validated model, revealing the influences of desired trajectory, mass ratio, misalignment, coupling points, health condition and band tightness on the human-exoskeleton coupling dynamics. It is found that introducing gravity compensation and tuning the feedback gain improve the tracking accuracy, but hardly change the interactive force. The most comfortable interaction requires a healthy wearer coupled with a light-weight exoskeleton without any misalignment, but properly changing the trajectory, coupling points and tightness can partly reduce the interactive forces if the ideal condition is unachievable.
Horizontally ridge reconstruction using titanium mesh with tenting screw vs autologous bone graft: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Jiang , Zhou Lin , Ding Jiamin , Lin Yanjun , liu chaowei , Wu Dong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the horizontal bone gain at the different level of alveolar bone using titanium screw as a reference plane by titanium mesh with tent screw (exposed or not) and autologous bone grafting.Methods: 16 patients and 23 measured points were enrolled in this study. CBCT data of immediately and 6 months after bone grafting were measured at crestal (CW), midway (MW), and basal (BW) level and reconstructed for area measurement using titanium screw as reference plane. The exposure of titanium mesh or not had been evaluated.Results: The area of bone gained and absorption ratio were almost the same without statistical different. There were not statistical different between the titanium mesh and onlay grafting, and measured level at CW, MW, and BW, and the exposed titanium mesh and not exposed one. The width absorption ratio of titanium mesh and onlay grafting group or at CW, MW, and BW were almost the same. However, the width absorption ratio of the exposed titanium mesh at CW, MW, and BW were significantly higher than the not exposed one. Thin biotype was a main factor of the exposure of titanium mesh. The exposed titanium mesh at late phase also can achieve clinically accepted bone gained after certain anti-inflammatory treatment. Conclusions: Ti-mesh with tenting screw could achieve the same bone augmentation effect as the autogenous bone block did, even it is exposed at late phase. However, the absorption ratio significantly increased if exposed.
Determining the Effect of Plantago Major L and Rosa Damascene Herbal Ointment for Bedsore Healing
Authors: Salehi Ashraf , Momeni Hamid , Bakhshesh Morteza , Azadi Davood , Absalan Abdorrahim , Azizi Mahdieh , Latifi Amirhossein , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Bedsores are damage or loss of skin integrity due to prolonged pressure which there are several ways to treat and prevent them. The aim of current study was to determine the effect of Plantago major L and Rosa damascene herbal ointment for bedsore healing in hospitalized patients.Methods:This was a clinical trial study that was accomplished with 100 patients who were divided into control (50 patients) and intervention (50 patients) groups. The control group had received routine treatment (dressing with Comfeel) but the intervention group only had received herbal ointment and then both groups were compared with each other through Push tool.Results:The mean and standard deviation of recovery time in the Comfeel group was 27.40±12.467 and in the herbal ointment group was 21.57±12.695 . In the pre intervention evaluation, the mean and standard deviation of the Push score in the herbal ointment group was 323/44±0/10 while in the last evaluation in the same group it was 160/16±0/0. But in Comfeel group, in the pre-intervention evaluation, the mean and standard deviation of the Push score was 10/0±68/317, while in the last evaluation it was 364/60±0/0. The highest frequency of bed sores in the study units was in the sacral region (49%) and the lowest frequency was in the sole of the foot with 1%.Conclusion: The results showed that Plantago major L and Rosa damascene herbal ointment was effective in accelerating the recovery time and wound healing.Trial registration: IRCT.ir, IRCT20100130003227N13. Registered 24-05-2019
The influences of Perfluoroalkyl substances on the Rheumatoid Arthritis clinic
Authors: Zhao Yun , Jin Hangbiao , Qu Jianli , Zhang Sunzhao , Hu Shilei , Xue Jing , Zhao Meirong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The effect of environmental factors on genetically susceptible individuals is a basic link in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic fluorine chemicals, which have been mass-produced and widely used in the past 60 years, and also have been shown to be one of the major pollutants affecting human health. The impact of fluoride on the development of RA is unclear. This study explored the relationship between common fluoride and clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A cohort of 155 patients with RA and 145 health controls in Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were investigated. Serum concentrations of all fluoride detected were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls. There were 43 male patients and 112 female patients in the RA cohort. Some of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOA, PFNA, PFTrA, PFOS) were correlated negatively with the Body Mass Index (BMI); some of them (PFOA, PFNA, PFTrA, PFOS, 8:2Cl-PFESA) were correlated positively with the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28); two (PFOA, PFOS) of them were correlated positively with the white blood cell count, and one (PFUnA) of them was correlated negatively with the hemoglobin; two (PFDA, PFUnA) of them were correlated negatively with the presence of interstitial lung disease. Conclusion. These data suggest that exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may promote the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis and the visceral lesions.
Pleiotropic Effects And Clinical Implications of Statin Therapy Post Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ali Umar S. , Lan Nick S. R. , Ho Kwok M. , Jaltotage Biyanka , Pavey Warren , Edelman J James , Merry Chris , Larbalestier Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Perioperative statin therapy can have pleiotropic effects beyond reducing plasma cholesterol level. Whether perioperative statin therapy can reduce surgical infection after cardiac surgery remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether preoperative statin therapy is associated with a reduced risk of surgical site infections and pneumonia after cardiac surgery.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1902 adult patients who had cardiac surgery between February 2015 and April 2019 at a major cardiothoracic centre in Western Australia. The primary outcomes were surgical site infections and pneumonia; secondary outcomes were inotrope requirement, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and 30-day mortality. We used propensity-score matching to minimise confounding.Results: Following propensity-score matching (N=1098), patients on preoperative statins (n=551) were associated with a reduced risk of postoperative wound infections (0.7% vs 13.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001-0.075, P<0.001) and pneumonia (38.3% vs 52.5%, adjusted OR 0.359, 95% CI 0.278-0.464, P<0.001). The length of ICU (40.7 hrs vs 46.0 hrs, P=0.001) and hospital stay (9 days vs 10 days, P=0.016) were both also significantly shorter among those treated with preoperative statin than those without statin therapy. In the subgroup of patients who underwent non-bypass-grafting surgery, preoperative statin was associated with a reduced risk of 30-day mortality (1.5% vs 5.5%, OR 0.106, 95% CI 0.014-0.812, P=0.028).Conclusions: Use of statin before cardiac surgery was associated with a reduced risk of postoperative surgical site infections and pneumonia.
Screening and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Effects of Secondary Metabolites from Water Extracts of Bersama abyssinica against SARS-CoV-2 Delta
Authors: Zekeya Never , Ndossi Humphrey , Mamiro Bertha , Chande Rehema , Kisingo Alex , Mtambo Madundo , Kideghesho Jafari , Chilongola Jaffu , Kilonzo Mhuji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBersama abyssinica is widely distributed herb in Africa with varying medicinal uses in different countries. In Tanzania, the plant is famous for treatment of respiratory diseases including tuberculosis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, asthma and recently used for treatment Covid-19 symptoms. B. abyssinica is rich in several groups of active compounds including, phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoids and tannins with potential pharmacological activities. Due to their broad medicinal uses, the water extract of leaf and stem bark has been registered as herbal medicine known as ‘Coviba Dawa’ for the treatment of viral and bacterial respiratory infections.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to extract active compounds from B.abyssinica, and analyse them for their effectiveness against Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), the Delta variant obtained from Basel University thas is reported to be highly virulent.MethodsBersama abyssinica stembark and leaves were air dried, sequentially extracted in various solvent on increase of polarity to yield extracts and fractions. The extracts were tested for presence of several metabolites and antioxidant activity. The most active water extract was analyzed by LC-MS/MC for identification of active compounds and all extracts were shipped to Basel university for anti SARS-CoV-2 Delta B1screening and antiproliferation assay.Results The LC-MS/MS analysis of B. abyssinica water extract reveled the presence of four phenolic compounds namely; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl propionate; 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 2,3, 6-trimethoxyflavone. These compounds were revealed to have antioxidant activity and futher invitro analysis against SARS-CoV-2 Delta B1 revealed the antiviral activity against coronavirus. ConclusionThis study revealed a wide variety of active metabolites in B. abyssinica water extract with high antioxidant and antiviral activity which points out at B. abyssinica as a potential source of effective anti viral agents including anti SARS Cov2. We recommend further pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of B. abyssinica metabolites as potential antiviral and antibacterial agents.
Error Detection using EPID-based 3D In Vivo Dose Verification for Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: huang jianghua , Hu Jinyan , Lu Huanping , Liu Shijie , Gong Fengying , Wu Xiuxiu , Liu Yimin , Shi Juntian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose Due to the high doses per fraction and very sharp dose gradients in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), any errors occur during treatment delivery have a greater radiological impact on patients than in conventional treatment schemes. The current study investigates the efficacy of an EPID-based 3D in vivo dosimetry verification system for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SBRT for lung cancer. Methods To investigate the error detectability effectiveness of the iViewDose TM software, thirty errors were intentionally introduced, consisting of dynamic and constant machine errors, to simulate the possible errors that may occur during delivery. The dynamic errors included errors in the output, gantry angle and MLC positions related to gantry inertial and gravitational effects, while the constant errors included errors in the collimator angle, jaw positions, central leaf positions, setup shift and thickness to simulate patient weight loss. These error plans were delivered to a CIRS phantom using the VMAT-SBRT technique for lung cancer. Following irradiation of the error plans, the reconstruction dose distribution calculated by a back-projection algorithm using an EPID image was compared with the original plan dose calculated by the treatment planning system. Results All errors caused by the central leaf positions, setup shifts and patient anatomical changes were successfully detected. Dynamic MLC errors could be distinguished in the 2-5 mm scenarios, but not in the 1 mm scenario. Jaw movements of 5 mm inwards could be detected, but jaw movements outwards could not be detected for all indicator types. However, output errors were not detected with a 1-5% dynamic change which may due to sinusoidal function reduces the magnitude of errors. Dynamic gantry angle and collimator angle errors were not detected in the lung case due to the rotation-symmetric target shape. It was shown that, if the gantry and collimator angle errors are not included, 13 out of 21 (61.9%) and 14 out of 21 (66.7%) errors can be detected by the [[EQUATION]] and [[EQUATION]] indicators, respectively. Conclusions In summary, commercial software iViewDose TM is a suitable approach for detecting most kinds of clinical errors in 3D in vivo dose verification for lung cancer SBRT.
Decentralizing Oxygen Availability and Use at Primary Care Level for Children Under-Five with Severe Pneumonia an Experience from 12 Health Centers in Ethiopia: A Pre-Post Non-Experimental Study Design
Authors: Tolla Habtamu Seyoum , Woyessa Dinkineh Bikila , Balkewu Rahel Belete , Asemere Yigeremu Abebe , Fekadu Zinabie Feleke , Belete Alemayehu , Gartley Martha , Battu Audrey , Lam Felix , Desale Alebel Yaregal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths in children under the age of five. Hypoxemia is a major cause of death in patients suffering from pneumonia. There is strong evidence that using pulse oximetry and having reliable oxygen sources in health care facilities can reduce deaths due to pneumonia by one-third. Despite its importance, hypoxemia is frequently overlooked in resource-constrained settings. Aside from the limited availability of pulse oximetry, evidence showed that healthcare workers did not use it as frequently to generate evidence-based decisions on the need for oxygen therapy. As a result, the goal of this study was to assess the availability of medical oxygen devices, operating manuals, guidelines, healthcare workers' knowledge, and skills in the practice of hypoxemia diagnosis and oxygen therapy in piloted health centers of Ethiopia. A pre-post non-experimental study design was employed. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data and review medical record charts. A chi-square test with a statistical significance level of P<0.05 was used as a cut-off point for claiming statistical significance. Eighty-one percent of healthcare workers (HCWs) received oxygen therapy training, up from 6% at baseline. As a result of the interventions, the knowledge for example pulse oximetry uses and oxygen therapy provision, skill such as proper reading and interpretation of the reading of saturation and pulse, and practice of oxygen therapy has significantly improved among health care workers in the piloted HCs. In terms of availability of oxygen supply devices (cylinder, concentrator, and pulse oximetry) in the facilities, more than half of the facilities 7(58%) did not have any at baseline, but due to the interventions, all facilities were equipped with the oxygen devices. Given the prevalence of pneumonia and hypoxemia, a lack of access to oxygen delivery devices, as well as a lack of knowledge and skill among HCWs in the administration of oxygen therapy, may represent an important and reversible barrier to improved child survival. Therefore, scaling up clinician training, technical support, availability of oxygen devices, guidelines, manuals, strengthening maintenance schemes, and close monitoring of HCWs and health facilities is strongly advised.
Electrochemical Technologies for the Abatement of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
Authors: Raj Rishabh , Das Swati , Das Sovik , Ghangrekar Makarand Madhao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a class of emerging contaminants capable of interfering with the normal hormonal functioning of humans and other organisms. Even minute concentrations of EDCs in natural receiving water bodies can be minacious and are raising concern globally due to their connection with rising cases in reproductive, immune system, and developmental-related health disorders. These EDCs are released from anthropogenic sources and are routinely detected in the natural environment especially in wastewater. Incapacitated by poor infrastructure and design, conventional wastewater treatment facilities fail to satisfactorily remove the recalcitrant organic pollutants like, parabens, phenols, pesticides, etc., making them one of the biggest sources of EDCs discharged into the environment. Neoteric techniques such as, electrochemical oxidation, electro-Fenton process, electrocoagulation, and other electrochemical technologies (ETs) have emerged as a robust technology for eliminating biorefractory contaminants from different effluents. The setups used in ETs are easy to fabricate, require low chemical additions, produce minimal sludge, and their faster/efficient degradation of recalcitrant compounds give them an edge over their conventional counterparts. However, expensive electrodes and substantial power consumption limit the scale-up application of ETs. Thus, this review attempts to present a holistic view of the applicability and feasibility of ETs with respect to EDCs attenuation from contaminated water and their advancement as a mainstream wastewater management technology.