bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity analysis of quantum teleportation via different entangled channels in the presence of noise
Authors: Singh Deepak , Kumar Sanjeev , Behera Bikash K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single‐qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two‐qubit Bell channel, three‐qubit GHZ channel, two/three‐qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five‐qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six‐qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit‐flip noise, phase‐flip noise, bit‐phase‐flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three‐qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
Chaff identification method based on Range‐Doppler imaging feature
Authors: Wang Husheng , Chen Baixiao , Zhu Dongchen , Huang Fengsheng , Yu Xiangzhen , Ye Qingzhi , Cheng Xiancheng , Peng Shuai , Jing Jiaqiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChaff is widely used in electronic countermeasures as an effective passive jamming method. This study proposes a chaff identification method that integrates the distribution of distance, Doppler frequency, and power in Range‐Doppler imaging. The traditional radar signal processing method estimates the distance and Doppler frequency, and the mean‐shift algorithm is combined to complete the clustering after the constant false alarm detection. Then, the target and chaff cloud models are modelled in three dimensions: radar cross‐section, range, and Doppler frequency. Using the Neyman–Pearson criterion, three chaff likelihood ratio test detectors are designed based on these assumptions. The three detectors can effectively identify the chaff, and then the theoretical detection probability and influencing factors are analysed. At the same time, the Kullback–Leibler divergence is used to describe the distribution difference between the data to be detected and the theoretical target and chaff. Besides, the different classifiers are used to identify the features of the differences in Kullback–Leibler divergence in three dimensions. Finally, the real‐life chaff datasets verified the excellent recognition rate of the authors’ method for the chaff.
‘Hot cities’ and rapid growth; experiences and responses of urban planning departments
Authors: Hammarberg Robert , Highfield Linda , Walton Gretchen , Wermuth Paige , Bowman Ann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is presumed that rapidly growing ‘hot cities’ adapt their planning and operations to meet their evolving population's needs. These presumptions inspired the development of the following mixed‐method, convergent parallel study. Data from urban planning officials across nine rapidly growing ‘hot cities’ were collected through pre‐interview surveys and qualitative key‐informant interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify salient issues regarding awareness and perception of rapid population growth and the resulting response from their departments. Results indicate two main themes; Multidimensional Strain and Mitigation Strategies describe city experiences with rapid population growth effects and response. Across cities, urban planners expressed similar experiences of stress on land usage, housing, transportation, programing, and service delivery. Similar response patterns included evaluation and innovation of growth management strategies, enhanced collaboration, and equity considerations. This snapshot of rapid population growth repercussions and current city mitigation strategies may have future implications for public health and urban planning administrators in practice. Results shared also indicate how population data use and sharing can support Mitigation Strategies and impact community health.
Multidisziplinärer Teamansatz in der Versorgung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Störk Stefan , Güder Gülmisal 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz durch multidisziplinäre Teams wird von (inter-)nationalen Leitlinien seit Jahren mit höchstem Nachdruck empfohlen, ist aber bislang nicht
hinreichend implementiert. Im deutschen Gesundheitssystem gibt es bisher nur für den hochspezialisierten Bereich konkrete Vorgaben zur Zusammensetzung dieser Teams (z. B. Heart Team oder
Heart Failure Team), während sie für den ambulanten Sektor fehlen. Zur Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation herzinsuffizienter Patienten konzipierten DGK und die DGTHG im Jahr 2016 die
Einführung von zertifizierten Herzinsuffizienz-Netzwerken. Diese fokussierten allerdings auf die kardiologisch-kardiochirurgisch unterstützte intersektorale Betreuung. Um die Primärversorger
adäquat in das Netzwerk mit einzubinden, bedarf es einer Erweiterung dieses Konzepts und einer regional angepassten, individuellen Ausgestaltung. Eine gemeinsame, barrierefrei bedienbare
Kommunikationsplattform in Form einer elektronischen Fallakte ist dabei eine zentrale Voraussetzung für eine moderne, erfolgreiche Interaktion. Die aktualisierte Fassung des
Disease-Management-Programms Herzinsuffizienz (DMP-HI) könnte die strukturierte Interaktion gezielt stärken, indem sie diese zur Bedingung macht und dafür Anreize schafft.
Änderung der Indikation zur primärprophylaktischen
ICD-Implantation
Authors: Wiedmann Felix , Israel Carsten W. , Schmidt Constanze 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung mit einem implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) bietet
einen effektiven Schutz vor lebensgefährlichen Herzrhythmusstörungen. Da es sich
beim plötzlichen Herztod um ein unvorhersehbares Ereignis handelt, stellt die
Selektion des Patientenguts, das von einer ICD-Implantation profitiert, jedoch
nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Evidenz, auf der die aktuellen
Leitlinienempfehlungen zur ICD-Implantation aufbauen, begründet sich zu einem
relevanten Teil auf Studien, die bereits vor 20–30 Jahren durchgeführt wurden.
Seitdem hat sich die medikamentöse und interventionelle Herzinsuffizienztherapie
deutlich weiterentwickelt. Zudem stellen neuere Studien den prognostischen
Nutzen einer primärprophylaktischen ICD-Implantation bei Patienten mit nicht
ischämischer Kardiomyopathie infrage. Im Folgenden soll anhand der zugrunde
liegenden Daten erörtert werden, welche Implikationen sich hieraus für den
Alltag ergeben und welche Entwicklungen zukünftig zu erwarten sind.
Prävalenz und medikamentöse Behandlungsstrategie des
spastischen Syndroms in Deutschland – Eine Retrospektive Analyse von
Abrechnungsdaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Katzenmeyer Martin , Seiffert Anna , Zimmermann Lisa 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit spastischer Bewegungsstörung (SMD) erhalten
überproportional häufig keine leitliniengerechte Therapie. Daten
der Gesundheitsforen Leipzig zur Prävalenz und Verordnung von
Therapiemaßnahmen bei Patienten mit SMD (ICD-10) wurden mit den
Verordnungen der von der Fachgesellschaft empfohlenen First-line-Medikation
verglichen, um weitere Einblicke in die Versorgungsrealität von
Patienten mit SMD zu erhalten. Es zeigte sich, dass innerhalb der deutschen
GKV-Population jährlich über 700.000 Menschen (bzw. 830 je
100.000 Einwohner) mit einer SMD-Diagnose kodiert werden und es damit deutlich
mehr Betroffene gibt, als zuvor berichtet. Von diesen erhält nur etwa
1% der Patienten eine leitliniengerechte medikamentöse
Therapie.
Cytology-based Screening for Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Immunocompetent Brazilian Women with a History of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Cancer
Authors: Brum Vivian de Oliveira Rodrigues , Tricoti Alessandra de Souza Oliveira , Pannain Gabriel Duque , Drumond Denise Gasparetii , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and possible variables associated with anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer in immunocompetent women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Methods A cross-sectional study involving immunocompetent women with a histological diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, conducted between January 2016 and September 2020. All women underwent anal cytology and answered a questionnaire on characterization and potential risk factors. Women with altered cytology were submitted to anoscopy and biopsy.
Results A total of 69 women were included in the study. Of these, 7 (10.1%) had abnormal anal cytology results: (high-grade lesion, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade lesions: 28,5% each; low grade lesion: 14,3%). Of the anoscopies, 3 (42.8%) showed alterations. Of the 2 (28,5% of all abnormal cytology results) biopsies performed, only 1 showed low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. The average number of pregnancies, vaginal deliveries, and abortions was associated with abnormal anal cytology. However, the highest mean regarding the cesarean sections was associated with normal cytology.
Conclusion The prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia was compatible with data from recent studies, especially those conducted in Brazil. Opportunistic screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in this high-risk population should be considered. Anal cytology is suitable for this purpose, due to its low cost and feasibility in public health services.
Use of Urodynamics by Gynecologists and Urologists in Brazil
Authors: Diniz Mucio Barata , Ribeiro Marina Franklin , Dias Luísa Aguiar Monteiro , Monteiro Marilene Vale de Castro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Urodynamic studies (UDSs) are a set of tests that assess the storage and emptying of urine, and they are widely used by gynecologists and urologists in the management of urinary incontinence (UI), despite the discussion about its indications. The objectives of the present study were to verify whether UDSs are routinely used in the conservative and surgical approaches to female UI, their other clinical indications, and to compare the responses of Brazilian gynecologists and urologists.
Methods The present is an opinion survey applied from August 2020 to January 2021 through a semistructured questionnaire about the clinical practice sent by e-mail to all participants. The responses were compared through statistical analyses.
Results Of the 329 participants, 238 were gynecologists (72.3%) and 91, urologists (27.7%). Most gynecologists (73.5%) and urologists (86.6%) do not request UDSs before the conservative treatment of UI; but UDSs are indicated in the preoperative period of anti-incontinence surgeries. Most participants request UDSs in the initial approach to overactive bladder (gynecologists: 88.2%; urologists: 96.7%), and the urologist has greater chance to request this study (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9). For most participants, it is necessary to request uroculture before the UDSs.
Conclusion Most Brazilian gynecologists and urologists who participated in the present study do not request UDSs before the conservative treatment of UI, according to national and internacional guidelines, and often request it before the surgical treatment for female UI. The indication of this exam in the initial approach of idiopathic overactive bladder should be reviewed by the participants.
An alchemy of medieval Honduras
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that geological materials, which modern European thought views as inert, were understood as lively or animated by indigenous people living between 700 and 1200 AD in what today is the nation of Honduras. Spanish colonial petitions, and oral traditions collected as folklore or ethnographic narratives from the descendants of these indigenous people present earthly matter as animate. Exploring the liveliness of geological materials before European invasion leads to the displacement of a traditional archaeological notion of spatialization organized around an opposition between settlements, treated as the locus of cultural activity, and their surroundings, identified as a contrasting ‘nature’. Identifying the co-presence of geological materials in specific zones of mountainous terrain and recognizing their mobility from mountains to floodplains leads to a new understanding of spatialities and temporalities in which humans were enmeshed with wilful substances, co-producing objects that are never entirely removed from their geological matter.
A Pockels cell enabled heterodyne phase contrast imaging diagnostic for detection of ion cyclotron emission
Authors: Marinoni A. , Moeller C. P. , Rost J. C. , Porkolab M. , Edlund E. M. 
Published: August 2022

This work describes a novel optical heterodyne detection scheme that significantly extends the frequency response of the phase contrast imaging method to detect electron density fluctuations in tens of megahertz frequency range. The system employs a variable frequency electro-optic modulator to allow operation at any frequency in the range 10–40 MHz without the need to realign the system. The frequency coverage of the system makes it suitable to measure the radial structure of the electron density component of ion cyclotron emission on devices having confining magnetic field of a few tesla, thus extending the purely temporal measurements provided so far by magnetic probes.
Estimating the environmental impacts of 57,000 food products
Authors: Clark Michael , Springmann Marco , Rayner Mike , Scarborough Peter , Hill Jason , Tilman David , Macdiarmid Jennie I. , Fanzo Jessica , Bandy Lauren , Harrington Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

Understanding and communicating the environmental impacts of food products is key to enabling transitions to environmentally sustainable food systems [El Bilali and Allahyari, Inf. Process. Agric. 5, 456–464 (2018)]. While previous analyses compared the impacts of food commodities such as fruits, wheat, and beef [Poore and Nemecek,Science360, 987–992 (2018)], most food products contain numerous ingredients. However, because the amount of each ingredient in a product is often known only by the manufacturer, it has been difficult to assess their environmental impacts. Here, we develop an approach to overcome this limitation. It uses prior knowledge from ingredient lists to infer the composition of each ingredient, and then pairs this with environmental databases [Poore and NemecekScience360, 987–992 (2018); Gephart et al., Nature 597, 360–365 (2021)] to derive estimates of a food product’s environmental impact across four indicators: greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water stress, and eutrophication potential. Using the approach on 57,000 products in the United Kingdom and Ireland shows food types have low (e.g., sugary beverages, fruits, breads), to intermediate (e.g., many desserts, pastries), to high environmental impacts (e.g., meat, fish, cheese). Incorporating NutriScore reveals more nutritious products are often more environmentally sustainable but there are exceptions to this trend, and foods consumers may view as substitutable can have markedly different impacts. Sensitivity analyses indicate the approach is robust to uncertainty in ingredient composition and in most cases sourcing. This approach provides a step toward enabling consumers, retailers, and policy makers to make informed decisions on the environmental impacts of food products.
Effect of driver charge on wakefield characteristics in a plasma accelerator probed by femtosecond shadowgraphy
Authors: Schöbel Susanne , Pausch Richard , Chang Yen-Yu , Corde Sébastien , Couperus Cabadağ Jurjen , Debus Alexander , Ding Hao , Döpp Andreas , Foerster F Moritz , Gilljohann Max , Haberstroh Florian , Heinemann Thomas , Hidding Bernhard , Karsch Stefan , Köhler Alexander , Kononenko Olena , Kurz Thomas , Nutter Alastair , Steiniger Klaus , Ufer Patrick , Martinez de la Ossa Alberto , Schramm Ulrich , Irman Arie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on experimental investigations of plasma wave structures in a plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) stage which is driven by electron beams from a preceding laser plasma accelerator. Femtosecond optical probing is utilized to allow for direct visualization of the plasma dynamics inside the target. We compare two regimes in which the driver propagates either through an initially neutral gas, or a preformed plasma. In the first case, plasma waves are observed that quickly damp after a few oscillations and are located within a narrow plasma channel ionized by the driver, having about the same transverse size as the plasma wakefield cavities. In contrast, for the latter robust cavities are recorded sustained over many periods. Furthermore, here an elongation of the first cavity is measured, which becomes stronger with increasing driver beam charge. Since the cavity length is linked to the maximum accelerating field strength, this elongation implies an increased field strength. This observation is supported by 3D particle-in-cell simulations performed with PIConGPU. This work can be extended for the investigation of driver depletion by probing at different propagation distances inside the plasma, which is essential for the development of high energy efficiency PWFAs.
Gate fidelity, dephasing, and ‘magic’ trapping of optically trapped neutral atom
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Li Gang , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Tiancai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The fidelity of the gate operation and the coherence time of neutral atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap are figures of merit for the applications. The motion of the trapped atom is one of the key factors which influences the gate fidelity and coherence time. The motion has been considered as a classical oscillator in analyzing the influence. Here we treat the motion of the atom as a quantum oscillator. The population on the vibrational states of the atom are considered in analyzing the gate fidelity and decoherence. We show that the fidelity of a coherent rotation gate is dramatically limited by the temperature of a thermally trapped atom. We also show that the dephasing between the two hyperfine states due to the thermal motion of the atom could rephase naturally if the differential frequency shift is stable and the vibrational states do not change. The decoherence due to the fluctuations of the trap laser intensity is also discussed. Both the gate fidelity and coherence time can be dramatically enhanced by cooling the atom into vibrational ground states and/or by using a blue-detuned trap. More importantly, we propose a ‘magic’ trapping condition by preparing the atom into specific vibrational states.
Swampland dS conjecture in mimetic f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Noori Gashti S , Sadeghi J , Upadhyay S , Alipour M R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study a theory of gravity called mimetic f(R, T) in the presence of swampland dS conjecture. For this purpose, we introduce several inflation solutions of the Hubble parameter H(N) from f(R, T) = R + δ
T gravity model, in which R is Ricci scalar, and T denotes the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. Also, δ and N are the free parameter and a number of e-fold, respectively. Then we calculate quantities such as potential, Lagrange multiplier, slow-roll, and some cosmological parameters such as n

s
and r. Then we challenge the mentioned inflationary model from the swampland dS conjecture. We discuss the stability of the model and investigate the compatibility or incompatibility of this inflationary scenario with the latest Planck observable data.
The association of ambient temperature with depression in middle-aged and elderly people: a multicenter prospective repeat survey study in China
Authors: Jiang Ning , Ban Jie , Guo Yuming , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Depression is the most common mental illness and contributes to a huge disease burden. However, few studies have examined the association between ambient temperature on depression. In this study, a three times repeated survey was conducted in 24 communities nationwide in China, through a face-to-face interview. Weather and air pollution data were collected from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, respectively. Depression was diagnosed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and generalized estimation equation models were used to examine the effects of ambient temperature on depression. Finally, 3811 individuals participated in the baseline survey, and a total of 9814 visits were completed during the three repeated survey periods. The relationship between ambient temperature and depression was linear. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that every 5 °C reduction in the two-week moving average temperature was associated with a 15.6% increase in depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.156, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.009–1.324, P= 0.038). Subgroup analyses showed that people aged ⩾65 years (OR = 1.269, 95% CI: 1.082–1.489, P< 0.01) were more vulnerable than those aged <65 years (OR = 0.873, 95% CI: 0.703–1.084, P= 0.22), while women (OR = 1.250, 95% CI: 1.054–1.483, P < 0.01) were more vulnerable than men (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.771–1.162, P = 0.68). Results of the present study support an association between lower temperatures and increased risk of depression.
Improved efficiency for cross-arm comparisons via platform designs
Authors: Huang Tzu-Jung , Luedtke Alex ,   THE AMP INVESTIGATOR GROUP
Published: August 2022

Summary
Though platform trials have been touted for their flexibility and streamlined use of trial resources, their statistical efficiency is not well understood. We fill this gap by establishing their greater efficiency for comparing the relative efficacy of multiple interventions over using several separate, 2-arm trials, where the relative efficacy of an arbitrary pair of interventions is evaluated by contrasting their relative risks as compared to control. In theoretical and numerical studies, we demonstrate that the inference of such a contrast using data from a platform trial enjoys identical or better precision than using data from separate trials, even when the former enrolls substantially fewer participants. This benefit is attributed to the sharing of controls among interventions under contemporaneous randomization. We further provide a novel procedure for establishing the noninferiority of a given intervention relative to the most efficacious of the other interventions under evaluation, where this procedure is adaptive in the sense that it need not be a priori known which of these other interventions is most efficacious. Our numerical studies show that this testing procedure can attain substantially better power when the data arise from a platform trial rather than multiple separate trials. Our results are illustrated using data from two monoclonal antibody trials for the prevention of HIV.