bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Strength and Bedload Sediment Travel Distance in Gravel Bed Rivers
Authors: Papangelakis E. , MacVicar B. J. , Montakhab A. F. , Ashmore P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe quantification of bedload sediment transport in rivers is possible from statistics of individual particle displacements. However, there is a lack of empirical basis for a universal relation between particle displacement distance and hydraulic drivers. Previous work suggests that a simple linear relation exists between the energy of a flood and the mean travel distance of bedload particles. Such a relation would be advantageous, but a consistent model able to collapse the data from different rivers has not been developed. Here, we develop a predictive relation from a unique data set collected in three watersheds from a single region but contrasting hydrologic regimes due to urbanization and storm water management. Additional data from two rivers from outside the region are used to validate the model. We show that the mean of an exponential distribution of surface particle travel displacements can be reliably predicted from either the cumulative discharge or stream power exceeding the mobilization threshold, which is calibrated using field data. The strength of the relation decreases after large flood events that appear to cause tracer burial due to vertical mixing. This result indicates that the relation is most applicable for the entrainment phase of transport in which tracers are dispersing over the bed surface. Tracer movements become more challenging to predict over a long series of events due to burial and eventual tracer slowdown, but the relation remains valid for the particles located on the bed surface, making it suitable for analyzing the impact of climate and landscape changes over time.
Apoptotic brown adipocytes enhance energy expenditure via extracellular inosine
Authors: Niemann Birte , Haufs-Brusberg Saskia , Puetz Laura , Feickert Martin , Jaeckstein Michelle Y. , Hoffmann Anne , Zurkovic Jelena , Heine Markus , Trautmann Eva-Maria , Müller Christa E. , Tönjes Anke , Schlein Christian , Jafari Azin , Eltzschig Holger K. , Gnad Thorsten , Blüher Matthias , Krahmer Natalie , Kovacs Peter , Heeren Joerg , Pfeifer Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy1,2 and promotes cardiometabolic health3. Loss of BAT during obesity and ageing is a principal hurdle for BAT-centred obesity therapies, but not much is known about BAT apoptosis. Here, untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that apoptotic brown adipocytes release a specific pattern of metabolites with purine metabolites being highly enriched. This apoptotic secretome enhances expression of the thermogenic programme in healthy adipocytes. This effect is mediated by the purine inosine that stimulates energy expenditure in brown adipocytes by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate–protein kinase A signalling pathway. Treatment of mice with inosine increased BAT-dependent energy expenditure and induced ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1, SLC29A1) regulates inosine levels in BAT: ENT1-deficiency increases extracellular inosine levels and consequently enhances thermogenic adipocyte differentiation. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of ENT1 as well as global and adipose-specific ablation enhanced BAT activity and counteracted diet-induced obesity, respectively. In human brown adipocytes, knockdown or blockade of ENT1 increased extracellular inosine, which enhanced thermogenic capacity. Conversely, high ENT1 levels correlated with lower expression of the thermogenic marker UCP1 in human adipose tissues. Finally, the Ile216Thr loss of function mutation in human ENT1 was associated with significantly lower body mass index and 59% lower odds of obesity for individuals carrying the Thr variant. Our data identify inosine as a metabolite released during apoptosis with a ‘replace me’ signalling function that regulates thermogenic fat and counteracts obesity.
Evaluation and comparison of three virucidal agents on inactivation of Nipah virus
Authors: Huang Yi , Xiao Shuqi , Song Donglin , Yuan Zhiming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern human activity is profoundly changing our relationship with microorganisms with the startling rise in the rate of emerging infectious diseases. Nipah virus together with Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 are prominent examples. Since COVID-19 and the West African Ebola virus disease outbreak, different chemical disinfectants have been developed for preventing the direct spread of viruses and their efficacy has also been evaluated. However, there are currently no published efficacy studies for the chemical disinfection of Nipah virus. In this study, the virucidal efficacy of three disinfectants (Micro-Chem Plus detergent disinfectant cleaner, FWD and Medical EtOH) against Nipah virus was evaluated in quantitative suspension tests including. Our results showed that the > 4 log reduction achieved for all products in inactivating Nipah virus in 15 s. Even, 19% ethanol was able to inactivate Nipah virus when applied for at least 8 min contact time. Comparative analysis displayed virucidal efficacy of each of the evaluated disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus and Nipah virus, with only minor differences in working concentrations and contact times required for complete inactivation. We expect that our study can assist in decontamination in healthcare settings and high level biosafety laboratories and can be beneficial to control for emerging enveloped viruses.
Whole-genome survey and phylogenetic analysis of Gadus macrocephalus
Authors: Ma Yiqing , Lou Fangrui , Yin Xiaofei , Cong Bailin , Liu Shenghao , Zhao Linlin , Zheng Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Gadus macrocephalus (Pacific cod) is an economically important species on the northern coast of the Pacific. Although numerous studies on G. macrocephalus exist, there are few reports on its genomic data. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing data to elucidate the genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of G. macrocephalus. From the 19-mer frequency distribution, the genome size was estimated to be 658.22 Mb. The heterozygosity, repetitive sequence content and GC content were approximately 0.62%, 27.50% and 44.73%, respectively. The draft genome sequences were initially assembled, yielding a total of 500,760 scaffolds (N50 = 3565 bp). A total of 789,860 microsatellite motifs were identified from the genomic data, and dinucleotide repeat was the most dominant simple sequence repeat motif. As a byproduct of whole-genome sequencing, the mitochondrial genome was assembled to investigate the evolutionary relationships between G. macrocephalus and its relatives. On the basis of 13 protein-coding gene sequences of the mitochondrial genome of Gadidae species, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that complicated relationships and divergence times among Gadidae species. Demographic history analysis revealed changes in the G. macrocephalus population during the Pleistocene by using the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent model. These findings supplement the genomic data of G. macrocephalus, and make a valuable contribution to the whole-genome studies on G. macrocephalus.
Implementing a Remote Synchronous Mindfulness Program for Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology Students: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Medina Angela M. , Mead Jean S. , Prokopowicz Patrycja A. , Ahmed Fiaza , Basanez Milena , Medellin Daniela , Sommer Chelsea L. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore outcomes of a remote synchronous mindfulness program (RSMP) for Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology (MS-SLP) students.

Method:
Twenty-nine MS-SLP students initially enrolled in the program and completed the pretest, which consisted of demographic questions, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and open-ended questions about mindfulness. The posttest, which was completed by 26 participants, included the PSS-10 and additional open-ended questions. Data generated by three questions on benefits and challenges of the program were analyzed using thematic analysis procedures. Pre- and posttest PSS-10 scores for 24 participants were calculated and statistically analyzed.

Results:
Three major themes that arose from the pretest data question about expected benefits were “Stress Reduction,” “Mental and Physical Health Improvements,” and “Personal and Professional Development.” The posttest data, generated from an open-ended question about perceived benefits, gave rise to three themes: “Internal Growth,” “Calming Strategies,” and “Knowledge of Mindfulness Practice.” Posttest data about the challenges of practicing mindfulness yielded four themes: “Racing mind,” “Scheduling,” “Pervasiveness of anxiety and stress,” and “Finding a quiet place at home.” No statistically significant differences were found between the PSS-10 scores before and after participation in this study.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the MS-SLP students who engaged in the RSMP experienced comparable outcomes to communication sciences and disorders (CSD) students who participated in face-to-face mindfulness programs. Therefore, the remote modality may be a viable option for providing mindfulness practice as a mental health resource for CSD students.
An elliptical accretion disk following the tidal disruption event AT 2020zso
Authors: Wevers T. , Nicholl M. , Guolo M. , Charalampopoulos P. , Gromadzki M. , Reynolds T. M. , Kankare E. , Leloudas G. , Anderson J. P. , Arcavi I. , Cannizzaro G. , Chen T.-W. , Ihanec N. , Inserra C. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Jonker P. G. , Lawrence A. , Magee M. R. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Onori F. , Ridley E. , Schulze S. , Short P. , Hiramatsu D. , Newsome M. , Terwel J. H. , Yang S. , Young D. 
Published: July 2022

Aims. The modelling of spectroscopic observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) to date suggests that the newly formed accretion disks are mostly quasi-circular. In this work we study the transient event AT 2020zso, hosted by an active galactic nucleus (AGN; as inferred from narrow emission line diagnostics), with the aim of characterising the properties of its newly formed accretion flow.
Methods. We classify AT 2020zso as a TDE based on the blackbody evolution inferred from UV/optical photometric observations and spectral line content and evolution. We identify transient, double-peaked Bowen (N III), He I, He II, and Hα emission lines. We model medium-resolution optical spectroscopy of the He II (after careful de-blending of the N III contribution) and Hα lines during the rise, peak, and early decline of the light curve using relativistic, elliptical accretion disk models.
Results. We find that the spectral evolution before the peak can be explained by optical depth effects consistent with an outflowing, optically thick Eddington envelope. Around the peak, the envelope reaches its maximum extent (approximately 1015 cm, or ∼3000–6000 gravitational radii for an inferred black hole mass of 5−10 × 105 M⊙) and becomes optically thin. The Hα and He II emission lines at and after the peak can be reproduced with a highly inclined (i = 85 ± 5 degrees), highly elliptical (e = 0.97 ± 0.01), and relatively compact (Rin = several 100 Rg and Rout = several 1000 Rg) accretion disk.
Conclusions. Overall, the line profiles suggest a highly elliptical geometry for the new accretion flow, consistent with theoretical expectations of newly formed TDE disks. We quantitatively confirm, for the first time, the high inclination nature of a Bowen (and X-ray dim) TDE, consistent with the unification picture of TDEs, where the inclination largely determines the observational appearance. Rapid line profile variations rule out the binary supermassive black hole hypothesis as the origin of the eccentricity; these results thus provide a direct link between a TDE in an AGN and the eccentric accretion disk. We illustrate for the first time how optical spectroscopy can be used to constrain the black hole spin, through (the lack of) disk precession signatures (changes in inferred inclination). We constrain the disk alignment timescale to > 15 days in AT2020zso, which rules out high black hole spin values (a < 0.8) for MBH ∼ 106 M⊙ and disk viscosity α ≳ 0.1.
Hygiene in der Dermatologie: SARS-CoV-2 und weitere Virus-Varianten
Authors: Schlatterer Kathrin , Maxeiner Horst-Günter , Zouboulis Christos C. , Daeschlein Georg 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie hat weltweit erhebliche Beeinträchtigungen des Lebens und Arbeitens mit sich gebracht. Mit dem Beginn der Impfungen steigt die Hoffnung auf eine Kehrtwende. Dennoch sind COVID- und Intensivstationen in den Kliniken nach wie vor erheblich belastet. Häufig muss in den Kliniken aus Kapazitätsgründen auch dermatologisches Fachpersonal zur Betreuung von COVID-19-Patienten herangezogen werden. Dies führte dazu, dass im Verlauf der Pandemie dermatologische Manifestationen von COVID-19 erkannt und näher klassifiziert werden konnten. Differenzierte Hygienekonzepte, insbesondere die der Händehygiene, bringen jedoch ein weiteres, mit der Pandemie-assoziiertes dermatologisches Problem zum Vorschein: die Ausbildung von Handekzemen. Dies ist nicht nur auf medizinische Berufe beschränkt und zeigt daher eine mögliche übergeordnete Bedeutung der Dermatologie im Rahmen von zukünftigen Pandemiestrategien.
Die Dunkelfeld-Radiografie – ein neuer Weg zur Diagnostik von Gichterkrankungen bei Vögeln und Reptilien?
Authors: Roiser Nathalie , Scholz Josef , Kimm Melanie A. , Andrejewski Jana , Baumgartner Christine , Braig Eva , Herzen Julia , Pfeiffer Daniela , Korbel Rüdiger 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel In der Studie soll evaluiert werden, ob die Dunkelfeld-Radiografie (DFR) zur Diagnostik der Gichterkrankung bei Vögeln und Reptilien angewendet werden kann und ob das Tiermodell für die Etablierung des neuen nicht invasiven Verfahrens für die Gichtdiagnostik in der Humanmedizin geeignet ist.
Material und Methoden Es wurden insgesamt 18 Gliedmaßen von 11 Vögeln (7 verschiedene Spezies aus den Ordnungen der Papageienvögel, Singvögel, Greifvögel, Hühnervögel und Taubenvögel) und 7 Reptilien (4 verschiedene Spezies aus den Ordnungen der Schuppenkriechtiere und Schildkröten) mit und ohne Verdacht auf Gelenksgicht vergleichend an einem gitterbasierten Dunkelfeld-Röntgen-Versuchsaufbau sowie mittels konventioneller Röntgenuntersuchung gemessen. Jede Bilderfassung erzeugte ein Dunkelfeld- und ein konventionelles Absorptionsröntgenbild. Die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Scans wurden jeweils mit den Ergebnissen einer pathologischen Untersuchung und der Arthrozentese verglichen.
Ergebnisse Bei 5 der untersuchten Vögel und bei 4 der untersuchten Reptilien wurde Gicht pathologisch-anatomisch nachgewiesen. Aus beiden Gruppen konnten bei jeweils 3 Tieren mittels Arthrozentese Harnsäurekristalle in den Gelenken gefunden werden. Im Dunkelfeldbild konnten die Kristalle in jeweils 2 Fällen detektiert werden. Die nadelförmigen Harnsäurekristalle hatten eine Länge von 2,6 μm bis 56 μm.
Schlussfolgerungen Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Harnsäurekristalle ein deutliches Dunkelfeldsignal erzeugen, wohingegen die Kristallablagerungen in den konventionellen Röntgenbildern nicht zu sehen waren.
Klinische Relevanz Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass am Tiermodell von Vögeln und Reptilien eine Harnsäurekristalldetektion mittels nicht invasiver bildgebender Dunkelfeld Bildgebung möglich ist. Dies könnte die Gichtdiagnostik nicht nur in der Tiermedizin, sondern auch in der Humanmedizin erweitern und die Arthrozentese bei positivem DFR Befund ablösen. Präklinische Scanner, welche den Dunkelfeld- und Phasenkontrast nutzen, existieren bereits für Hände und Mammografie und werden im Humanbereich bereits klinisch erprobt.
Ursache, Verbreitung und evidenzbasierte Therapie sowie Prävention der peripartalen Hypokalzämie
Authors: Venjakob Peter Lennart , Borchardt Stefan 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie peripartale Hypokalzämie ist eine weit verbreitete Stoffwechselstörung, dessen klinische Form etwa 7 % der Milchkühe und dessen subklinische Form fast jede 2. multipare Kuh betrifft. Obwohl sich hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Therapie in den letzten 30 Jahren kaum etwas verändert hat, herrscht bei Landwirten und Tierärzten Unklarheit über die Prävalenz und den Risikozeitraum dieser Stoffwechselstörung. Darüber hinaus gibt es sehr unterschiedliche Angaben darüber, wieviel Kalzium einer Kuh mit klinischer Hypokalzämie substituiert werden sollte. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Entstehung und Verbreitung von Hypokalzämie evidenzbasiert darzustellen. Des Weiteren werden die Ergebnisse älterer und neuer Studien zusammengefast, mit dem Ziel eine möglichst genaue Empfehlung zur Behandlung von klinischer Hypokalzämie zu geben. Da in einer 2017 durchgeführten Studie gezeigt wurde, dass der überwiegende Teil deutscher Milchviehbetriebe keine Prophylaxe gegen Hypokalzämie betreibt, werden in dem letzten Teil dieser Arbeit die verschiedenen Prophylaxekonzepte, unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur, dargestellt.
Kinetische und Kinematische Gangbildanalyse der Rückenbewegung chondrodystropher Rassen nach Hemilaminektomie im Vergleich zu einer gesunden Population
Authors: Balmer Sarah , Steigmeier-Raith Stephanie , Layer Anna , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Die Erhebung kinetischer und kinematischer Daten der Rückenbewegung von gesunden Hunden im Vergleich zu Hunden chondrodystropher Rassen nach Hemilaminektomie im Schritt und im Trab.Material und Methoden Bei 19 gesunden Hunden wurde ganganalytisch die Rückenbewegung untersucht und mit einer Gruppe von 21 chondrodystrophen Hunden, die aufgrund eines Bandscheibenvorfalles der Brust- oder Lendenwirbelsäule mittels Hemilaminektomie operativ versorgt wurden, verglichen.Ergebnisse Die erkrankten Tiere zeigten sowohl in der Transversal- als auch in der Sagittalebene in beiden Gangarten (Schritt und Trab) über die gesamte Wirbelsäule hinweg einen vergrößerten Bewegungsumfang (Range of motion, ROM). Die Lokalisation der Hemilaminektomiestelle (Brust- oder Lendenwirbelsäule oder thorakolumbaler Übergang) wirkte sich sehr unterschiedlich auf den Bewegungsablauf der Rückenbewegung aus. Die Gruppe der erkrankten Tiere zeigte eine signifikant vergrößerte prozentuale Gewichtsverteilung auf die Vordergliedmaßen. Im direkten Vergleich der Hintergliedmaßen (ipsilaterale Seite der Hemilaminektomie zur kontralateralen Seite) in der Gruppe der erkrankten Tiere wurde eine reduzierte vertikale Spitzenkraft (peak vertical force, PVF) sowie ein reduzierter vertikaler Impuls (VI) für die ipsilaterale Gliedmaße festgestellt.Schlussfolgerung Hunde nach Hemilaminektomie haben eine verminderte Stabilität im Bereich der Wirbelsäule, die sich je nach Lokalisation der Hemilaminektomie unterschiedlich auf die einzelnen Wirbelsäulenabschnitte auswirkt. Es kommt zudem zu einer verstärkten Gewichtsaufnahme auf die Vordergliedmaßen. Die zur Hemilaminektomie ipsilaterale Hintergliedmaße zeigt trotz subjektiv lahmheitsfreiem Gangbild eine verminderte Gewichtsaufnahme im Vergleich zur kontralateralen Seite.Klinische Relevanz Operative Eingriffe im Sinne einer Hemilaminektomie beeinflussen bzw. verändern nachhaltig die Bewegungsabläufe der Wirbelsäule, jedoch scheinen die Hunde mit verschiedenen kompensatorischen Mechanismen im Alltag problemlos zurecht zu kommen.
One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-Fused Polycyclic Systems via Sequential Annulation of 1,n-Enynes with Tosyl Azide
Authors: Peng Shiyong , Zhou Ting , Yang Liangliang , Lang Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn efficient one-pot sequential annulation of 1,n-enynes with tosyl azide is reported, providing a series of novel N-alkyl 1,2,3-triazole-fused polycyclic scaffolds in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Functionalization of Enamides
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Xi Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnamides, as prefunctionalized electron-rich heteroatom-substituted alkenes represent a powerful platform to synthesize useful nitrogen-containing natural products and bioactive molecules. This review discloses recent progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of enamides, including the Heck reaction, hydrofunctionalization, and difunctionalization, with a focus on the general scope, current limitations, stereochemical reaction control, and mechanistic aspects.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Heck Reaction of Enamides3	Asymmetric Hydrofunctionalization of Enamides3.1	Nickel Catalysis3.2	Copper Catalysis3.3	Rhodium Catalysis3.4	Iridium Catalysis4	Asymmetric Difunctionalization of Enamides4.1	Palladium Catalysis4.2	Nickel Catalysis4.3	Copper Catalysis5	Summary and Outlook
α-Sulfenylation between 4-Hydroxydithiocoumarin and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: A Key Precursor for the Synthesis of New Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Khan Abu Taleb , Mondal Santa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn efficient synthetic protocol for the α-sulfenylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is reported through a cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction with 4-hydroxydithiocoumarins in the presence of 10 mol% KI and 1 equiv. TBHP in toluene under reflux conditions. Some of the products are utilized for the synthesis of substituted new pyrazole derivatives on reaction with phenylhydrazine in ethanol at room temperature. In addition, α-benzylation is also achieved on treatment with benzyl bromide using K2CO3/CH3CN under mild conditions. The salient features of the present protocol are good yields, mild reaction conditions, shorter reaction time, no byproducts were formed (sulfoxide/sulfone), and no deacylation occurs during the process. In the present protocol, 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin is converted into a suitable electrophile through a radical substitution pathway, which undergoes ultimately C–S bond formation with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Optimal maximal gaps of Dirichlet eigenvalues of Sturm–Liouville operators
Authors: Guo Shuyuan , Meng Gang , Yan Ping , Zhang Meirong 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we consider the gaps λ2n(q) − λ1(q) for the Dirichlet eigenvalues {λm(q)} of Sturm–Liouville operators with potentials q on the unit interval. By merely assuming that potentials q have the L1 norm r, we will explicitly give the solutions to the maximization problems of λ2n(q) − λ1(q), where n is arbitrary. As a consequence, the solutions can lead to the optimal upper bounds for these eigenvalue gaps. The proofs are extensively based on the eigenvalue theory of measure differential equations in Meng and Zhang [J. Differ. Equations 254, 2196–2232 (2013)] and on the known results of the optimization problems for single eigenvalues of ordinary differential equations in Wei, Meng, and Zhang [J. Differ. Equations 247, 364–400 (2009)].