bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin‐to‐platelet ratio in predicting the incidence of trismus after concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Somay Efsun , Yilmaz Busra , Topkan Erkan , Kucuk Ahmet , Haksoyler Veysel , Pehlivan Berrin , Selek Ugur , Araz Kenan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe significance of pre‐hemoglobin‐to‐platelet ratio (HPR) in predicting the occurrence of radiation‐induced trismus (RIT) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (LA‐NPC) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C‐CRT).MethodsThe records of LA‐NPC patients with oral examination before and after C‐CRT were analyzed. Maximum mouth openings (MMO) were measured before and after C‐CRT to confirm RIT status, with an MMO of ≤35 mm defined as RIT. HPR values were calculated on the first day of C‐CRT. The relationship between the HPR values and RIT status was discovered using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsA total of 43 patients RIT cases among 198 individuals were diagnosed. The optimal HPR cutoff that stratified the patients into two groups was 0.54. RIT incidence was found to be significantly higher in the HPR ≤0.54 group than its HPR >0.54 counterpart(p < 0.001). Univariately T3‐4 stage, mean masticator apparatus dose>57.2Gy, and pre‐C‐CRT MMO ≤40.7 mm were found as the other significant correlates of increased RIT rates(p < 0.05). All four variables seemed to be independently connected to greater RIT incidence in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05, for each).ConclusionThe risk of post‐C‐CRT RIT may be significantly increased when pre‐treatment HPR levels are low.
Periodontitis links to concurrent metabolic disorders and abnormal liver function in pregnant women
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhao Dan , Xu Xiaoyi , Wen Ping , Li Huijun , Yu Rong , Cheng Tianfan , Zheng Zheng , Yang Hong , Yang Chuanzhong , Yao Jilong , Jin Lijian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study investigated the association of periodontitis with the metabolic status and hepatic function in pregnant women.Materials and MethodsFull‐mouth periodontal conditions, metabolic profiles, and hepatic function were assessed in 219 self‐reported healthy pregnant females. The association of periodontal status with the systemic parameters was evaluated by parametric and non‐parametric tests, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, periodontal status was positively associated with the metabolic profiles and hepatic function test results. The subjects with periodontitis exhibited higher levels of body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.01) and serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.05), elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05), and lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) than those of the counterparts. The periodontitis severity was strongly correlated with BMI and AST levels, and the extent of periodontal inflammation was related to DBP (p < 0.01). The periodontitis patients at 34–36 gestational weeks showed higher blood pressure and AST levels than those of non‐periodontitis subjects (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings on the notable links of periodontitis to concurrent metabolic disorders and abnormal liver function in pregnant women highlight the need of proactive integration of regular periodontal screening and healthcare in maternal programs for promoting optimal health and wellbeing of mothers‐to‐be and newborns.
Bidirectional association between fibromyalgia and migraine among probands and unaffected non‐twin siblings: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Lin Po‐Chun , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Bai Ya‐Mei , Chen Mu‐Hong , Liang Chih‐Sung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the bidirectional relationship between fibromyalgia and migraine among probands with either of the two disorders and their unaffected siblings.BackgroundEvidence suggests a bidirectional association between fibromyalgia and migraine in individuals and in twins. However, whether a bidirectional association between fibromyalgia and migraine also occurs among siblings remains unknown.MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we examined the data of 2677 probands with fibromyalgia, 2780 unaffected siblings, and 11,120 matched controls to assess the risk of migraine. In contrast, 1830 probands with migraine, 1936 unaffected siblings, and 7744 matched controls to assess the risk of fibromyalgia.ResultsLogistic regression analyses demonstrated that patients with fibromyalgia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.87–4.74) and unaffected siblings (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08–2.10) were more likely to develop migraine than the controls during the follow‐up period. Moreover, patients with migraine and unaffected siblings had a 4.86‐fold (95% CI: 3.86–6.09) and 1.59‐fold (95% CI: 1.18–2.12) increased risk of fibromyalgia than the controls.ConclusionThe bidirectional association between fibromyalgia and migraine among probands and unaffected siblings suggests a familial coaggregation of these two conditions. Additional studies are required to investigate the genetic and environmental etiologies for this coaggregation.
A randomized, observer‐blind, vehicle‐control, multi‐center clinical investigation for assessing the efficacy and tolerability of a 1% ectoine and hyaluronic acid 0.1%‐containing medical device in pediatric patients with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Alexopoulos Alex , Dakoutrou Maria , Nasi Lamprini , Thanopoulou Ioanna , Kakourou Talia , Kontara Louiza , Douladiris Nikolaos , Galani Maria , Xepapadaki Paraskevi , Doxani Chrysoula , Mprotsis Theodoros , Zintzaras Elias , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Kanaka‐Gantenbein Christina , Chrousos George P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEctoine is a widespread osmolyte enabling halophilic bacteria to withstand high osmotic stress that has many potential applications ranging from cosmetics to its use as a therapeutic agent.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of ectoine 1% and hyaluronic acid 0.1% containing (EHA) cream with a vehicle cream in children with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsA randomized, controlled, observer‐blind, multicenter clinical trial was conducted in children aged 2–18 years, diagnosed with mild‐to‐moderate AD (SCORAD ≤20). Patients were randomized to either receiving EHA cream or vehicle cream twice daily for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in objective SCORAD from baseline to the final visit. The secondary outcome measures included the mean change in Investigator's Global Assessment score, patient's judgment of efficacy and patient's assessment of pruritus. Safety of EHA cream was also assessed.ResultsA total of 70 patients (35 in each group) were randomized and 57 were included in the final analysis set. Based on SCORAD measurements, patients using EHA cream achieved superior clinical improvement compared to the control group at 28 days (p < .001). EHA cream was also superior to the vehicle cream regarding all secondary outcome measures. Eight (23.5%) patients receiving EHA cream and two (5.7%) patients receiving vehicle cream experienced mild cutaneous adverse events (AEs).ConclusionsIn children 2–18 years old with mild‐to‐moderate AD, EHA cream was superior to vehicle cream, with minor AEs.
Exertional heat stroke in sport and the military: epidemiology and mitigation
Authors: Périard Julien D. , DeGroot David , Jay Ollie 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Exertional heat stroke epidemiology in sport and military settings, along with common risk factors and strategies and policies designed to mitigate its occurrence.

What advances does it highlight?
Individual susceptibility to exertional heat stroke risk is dependent on the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Heat policies in sport should assess environmental conditions, as well as the characteristics of the athlete, clothing/equipment worn and activity level of the sport. Exertional heat stroke risk reduction in the military should account for factors specific to training and personnel.

AbstractExertional heat illness occurs along a continuum, developing from the relatively mild condition of muscle cramps, to heat exhaustion, and in some cases to the life‐threatening condition of heat stroke. The development of exertional heat stroke (EHS) is associated with an increase in core temperature stemming from inadequate heat dissipation to offset the rate of metabolically generated heat. Susceptibility to EHS is linked to the interaction of several factors including environmental conditions, individual characteristics, health conditions, medication and drug use, behavioural responses, and sport/organisational requirements. Two settings in which EHS is commonly observed are competitive sport and the military. In sport, the exact prevalence of EHS is unclear due to inconsistent exertional heat illness terminology, diagnostic criteria and data reporting. In contrast, exertional heat illness surveillance in the military is facilitated by standardised case definitions, a requirement to report all heat illness cases and a centralised medical record repository. To mitigate EHS risk, several strategies can be implemented by athletes and military personnel, including heat acclimation, ensuring adequate hydration, cold‐water immersion and mandated work‐to‐rest ratios. Organisations may also consider developing sport or military task‐specific heat stress policies that account for the evaporative heat loss requirement of participants, relative to the evaporative capacity of the environment. This review examines the epidemiology of EHS along with the strategies and policies designed to reduce its occurrence in sport and military settings. We highlight the nuances of identifying individuals at risk of EHS and summarise the benefits and shortcomings of various mitigation strategies.
Accurate Prediction of Confined Turbulent Boundary Layer Flashback Through a Critically Strained Flame Model
Authors: Novoselov Alex G. , Ebi Dominik , Noiray Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel boundary layer flashback model is developed based on previous measurements that showed flashback limits may be related to strained premixed flame extinction. According to the model, flashback occurs at the equivalence ratio where the strained extinction limit flame speed matches the mean axial flow velocity one thermal distance from the wall. The model is validated by comparison with experimental measurements of flashback of confined nonswirling turbulent hydrogen-air flames. This comparison shows that the proposed model is capable of predicting confined turbulent boundary layer flashback across a large range of wall velocity gradients and preheat temperatures. The model is extended to methane-hydrogen-air flames in a swirling configuration using information about a single flashback event and shows good agreement with experimental measurements as a function of both hydrogen mole fraction in the fuel and pressure. In addition, inclusion of a mean nonreacting velocity field computed via large Eddy simulation allows for a significant increase in the accuracy of the model when applied to swirling flows. Ultimately, this model provides a new pathway for the design of flashback resistant gas turbines, even with the addition of fuels like hydrogen.
Modeling and Optimization of a Hospital Gas Turbine-Based Cogeneration System
Authors: Zini Marco , Sodini Roberto , Carcasci Carlo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hospitals are among the most energy-intensive commercial buildings in the service industry. Their energy demand is characterized by specific features, being operative 24 h a day, 365 days a year. Several activities performed inside the building require strict control of the indoor climate conditions to ensure comfort and security standards. They present complex HVAC systems, needing various energy forms like electricity and heat in the form of hot water, chilled water, and steam. Consequently, hospitals are ideal applications to exploit the cogeneration systems potential. Indeed, the number of hospitals using combined heat and power (CHP) systems has grown steadily in past years. Hospitals that use CHP take advantage of favorable rate structures and protect themselves from rising electricity prices. Since CHP uses waste heat to produce thermal energy for heating and cooling, hospitals using CHP systems are more energy-efficient, leading to a reduction in the global emissions connected to the hospital activity. The present study involves the development of a numerical model of the gas turbine-based cogeneration system installed in a hospital facility. The realized model has been used to define the system management strategies that enabled two achievements. The minimization of the main global emissions parameters of the system as CO and NOx and the maximization of operational CHP parameters as total efficiency and primary energy saving (PES). The present work describes in detail the realized model and its exploitation, leading to defining the optimal system management strategy based on control parameters applicable to the real test case management system.
Addition of Fructose to a Carbohydrate-Rich Breakfast Improves Cycling Endurance Capacity in Trained Cyclists
Authors: Podlogar Tim , Cirnski Simon , Bokal Špela , Verdel Nina , Gonzalez Javier T. 
Published: August 2022

It was previously demonstrated that postexercise ingestion of fructose–glucose mixtures can lead to superior liver and equal muscle glycogen synthesis as compared with glucose-based carbohydrates (CHOs) only. After an overnight fast, liver glycogen stores are reduced, and based on this we hypothesized that addition of fructose to a glucose-based breakfast would lead to improved subsequent endurance exercise capacity. In this double-blind cross-over randomized study (eight males, peak oxygen uptake: 62.2 ± 5.4 ml·kg−1·min−1), participants completed two experimental trials consisting of two exercise bouts. In the afternoon of Day 1, they completed a cycling interval training session to normalize glycogen stores after which a standardized high-CHO diet was provided for 4 hr. On Day 2, in the morning, participants received 2 g/kg of CHOs in the form of glucose and rice or fructose and rice, both in a CHO ratio of 1:2. Two hours later they commenced cycling exercise session at the intensity of the first ventilatory threshold until task failure. Exercise capacity was higher in fructose and rice (137.0 ± 22.7 min) as compared with glucose and rice (130.06 ± 19.87 min; p = .046). Blood glucose and blood lactate did not differ between the trials (p > .05) and neither did CHO and fat oxidation rates (p > .05). However, due to the duration of exercise, total CHO oxidation was higher in fructose and rice (326 ± 60 g vs. 298 ± 61 g, p = .009). Present data demonstrate that addition of fructose to a glucose-based CHO source at breakfast improves endurance exercise capacity. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms and optimal dose and ratio.
Editing of Phage Genomes—Recombineering-assisted SpCas9 Modification of Model Coliphages T7, T5, and T3
Authors: Isaev A. , Andriianov A. , Znobishcheva E. , Zorin E. , Morozova N. , Severinov K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacterial cells—are the most abundant biological entities on Earth. The use of phages in fundamental research and industry requires tools for precise manipulation of their genomes. Yet, compared to bacterial genome engineering, modification of phage genomes is challenging because of the lack of selective markers and thus requires laborious screenings of recombinant/mutated phage variants. The development of the CRISPR-Cas technologies allowed to solve this issue by the implementation of negative selection that eliminates the parental phage genomes. In this manuscript, we summarize current methods of phage genome engineering and their coupling with CRISPR-Cas technologies. We also provide examples of our successful application of these methods for introduction of specific insertions, deletions, and point mutations in the genomes of model Escherichia coli lytic phages T7, T5, and T3.
Patterns of tobacco use in low and middle income countries by tobacco product and sociodemographic characteristics: nationally representative survey data from 82 countries
Authors: Theilmann Michaela , Lemp Julia M , Winkler Volker , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Marcus Maja E. , Probst Charlotte , Lopez-Arboleda William A , Ebert Cara , Bommer Christian , Mathur Maya , Andall-Brereton Glennis , Bahendeka Silver K , Bovet Pascal , Farzadfar Farshad , Ghasemi Erfan , Mayige Mary T , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Mwangi Kibachio J , Naderimagham Shohreh , Sturua Lela , Atun Rifat , Davies Justine I , Bärnighausen Till , Vollmer Sebastian , Geldsetzer Pascal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence and frequency of using any tobacco product and each of a detailed set of tobacco products, how tobacco use and use frequency vary across countries, world regions, and World Bank country income groups, and the socioeconomic and demographic gradients of tobacco use and use frequency within countries.

Design
Secondary analysis of nationally representative household survey data from 82 low and middle income countries collected between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020.

Setting
Population based survey data.

Participants
1 231 068 individuals aged 15 years and older were included in the analysis.

Main outcome measures
Self-reported current smoking, current daily smoking, current smokeless tobacco use, current daily smokeless tobacco use, pack years, and current use and use frequencies of each tobacco product. The products were any type of cigarette, manufactured cigarette, hand rolled cigarette, water pipe, cigar, oral snuff, nasal snuff, chewing tobacco, and betel nut (with and without tobacco).

Results
The smoking prevalence in our sample was 16.5% (95% confidence interval 16.1 to 16.9%) and ranged from 1.1% (0.9% to 1.3%) in Ghana to 50.6% (45.2% to 56.1%) in Kiribati. The smokeless tobacco use prevalence was 7.7% (7.5% to 8.0%) and prevalence was highest in Papua New Guinea (daily use prevalence of 65.4% (63.3% to 67.5%)). Although variation was wide between countries and by tobacco product, for many low and middle income countries, the highest prevalence and cigarette smoking frequency was reported in men, those with lower education, less household wealth, living in rural areas, and higher age.

Conclusions
This study can inform the design and targeting of efforts to reduce tobacco use in low and middle income countries and serve as a benchmark for monitoring progress towards national and international goals.
Is self-rated health associated with cardiovascular risk factors and disease in a low-income setting? A cross-sectional study from the Amazon Basin of Brazil
Authors: Holm Anna Engell , Gomes Laura Cordeiro , Wegener Alma , Lima Karine O , Matos Luan O , Vieira Isabelle V M , Kaagaard Molly D , Pareek Manan , de Souza Rodrigo Medeiros , Marinho Claudio Romero Farias , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Silvestre Odilson M , Brainin Philip 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePrior studies have suggested that self-rated health may be a useful indicator of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, we aimed to assess the relationship between self-rated health, cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical cardiac disease in the Amazon Basin.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting, participants and interventionsIn participants from the Amazon Basin of Brazil we obtained self-rated health according to a Visual Analogue Scale, ranging from 0 (poor) to 100 (excellent). We performed questionnaires, physical examination and echocardiography. Logistic and linear regression models were applied to assess self-rated health, cardiac risk factors and cardiac disease by echocardiography. Multivariable models were mutually adjusted for other cardiovascular risk factors, clinical and socioeconomic data, and known cardiac disease.Outcome measuresCardiovascular risk factors and subclincial cardiac disease by echocardiography.ResultsA total of 574 participants (mean age 41 years, 61% female) provided information on self-rated health (mean 75±21 (IQR 60–90) points). Self-rated health (per 10-point increase) was negatively associated with hypertension (OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.97), p=0.01), hypercholesterolaemia (OR 0.89 (95%CI 0.80 to 0.99), p=0.04) and positively with healthy diet (OR 1.13 (95%CI 1.04 to 1.24), p=0.004). Sex modified these associations (p-interaction <0.05) such that higher self-rated health was associated with healthy diet and physical activity in men, and lower odds of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in women. No relationship was found with left ventricular ejection fraction <45% (OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.23), p=0.8), left ventricular hypertrophy (OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.24), p=0.81) or diastolic dysfunction (OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.40), p=0.51).ConclusionSelf-rated health was positively associated with health parameters in the Amazon Basin, but not with subclinical cardiac disease by echocardiography. Our findings are of hypothesis generating nature and future studies should aim to determine whether assessment of self-rated health may be useful for screening related to policy-making or lifestyle interventions.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov: NCT04445103; Post-results
Mental health conditions and use of rhythm control therapies in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Teppo Konsta , Jaakkola Jussi , Biancari Fausto , Halminen Olli , Putaala Jukka , Mustonen Pirjo , Haukka Jari , Linna Miika , Kinnunen Janne , Luojus Alex , Itäinen-Strömberg Saga , Penttilä Tero , Niemi Mikko , Hartikainen Juha , Airaksinen KE Juhani , Lehto Mika 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesMental health conditions (MHCs) have been associated with undertreatment of unrelated medical conditions, but whether patients with MHCs face disparities in receiving rhythm control therapies for atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently unknown. We assessed the hypothesis that MHCs are associated with a lower use of antiarrhythmic therapies (AATs).DesignA nationwide retrospective registry-based cohort study.SettingThe Finnish AntiCoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation cohort included records on all patients with AF in Finland during 2007–2018 identified from nationwide registries covering all levels of care as well as drug purchases. MHCs of interest were diagnosed depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia and any MHC.ParticipantsWe identified 239 222 patients (mean age 72.6±13.2 years; 49.8% women) with incident AF, in whom the prevalence of any MHC was 19.9%.OutcomesPrimary outcome was use of any AAT, including cardioversion, catheter ablation, and fulfilled antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) prescription.ResultsLower overall use of any AAT emerged in patients with any MHC than in those without MHC (16.9% vs 22.9%, p<0.001). Any MHC, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder and schizophrenia were all associated with lower incidence of any AAT with adjusted subdistribution HRs of 0.790 (95% CI 0.771 to 0.809), 0.817 (0.796 to 0.838), 0.811 (0.789 to 0.835), 0.807 (0.785 to 0.830) and 0.795 (0.773 to 0.818), respectively. Adjusted rates of AAD, cardioversion and catheter ablation use were lower in all MHC groups compared with patients without MHC. The findings in patients with any MHC were confirmed in propensity score matching analysis.ConclusionsAmong patients with AF, a clear disparity exists in AAT use between those with and without MHCs.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials Identifier:NCT04645537; ENCePP Identifier: EUPAS29845.