bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablative therapies in primary and metastatic liver tumours: An early experience
Authors: Mutnuru Phani Chakravarty , Begum Shabana , Susarla Rammurti , Nagari Bheerappa , Varma Gunturi Surya Ramachandra , Thumma Venu Madhav , Gundeti Sadashivudu 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Hepatic resection and hepatic transplantation are considered the only definitive treatment modalities capable of achieving cure for primary and metastatic liver tumours. As few patients qualify to receive these treatments, local ablative therapies are increasingly being used as treatment for primary and metastatic tumours of the liver.

Methods:
During the period January 2018 to January 2022 we prospectively studied the utility of chemical and thermal ablation ablative therapy in 22 patients with primary and metastatic liver disease. All patients were followed at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Results:
Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) was done in 2 patients. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was done in 13 patients [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 8, metastases 5]. With RFA, out of eight HCC patients, complete ablation was seen in 4; 2 patients underwent partial hepatectomy; 2 patients died within a month of ablation due to associated co-morbidities. In 5 patients with metastases, 3 achieved complete ablation; partial hepatectomy and systemic chemotherapy was needed in 1 patient each. With microwave ablation (MA) (n=6; HCC 3, metastases 3), complete ablation was achieved in 3 HCC patients. In patients with metastases, complete ablation was seen in 2 and one patient in addition, underwent transarterial chemoembolization. One patient with metastasis underwent both RFA and MA; complete ablation was achieved; MA was repeated a few months after RFA as new lesion developed.

Conclusions:
Our study results suggest that chemical and thermal ablation ablative therapies are effective both as palliative and curative in the management of primary and metastatic liver lesions.
Device-associated healthcare-associated infections surveillance in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Goel Varun , Gupta Savita , Manocha Harmesh , Srivastava Saurabh 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Surveillance for healthcare-associated infections has a major role in hospital infection prevention and control programmes. In the present study, we estimated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on device-associated healthcare-associated infections (DA-HAI) ventilator-associated events (VAE), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).

Methods:
This was a prospective surveillance study from January 2021 to June 2021 conducted in a 30-bed intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary care, and academic healthcare organisations. Targeted surveillance was carried out by the National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance requirements of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:
A total of 249 patients admitted to the ICU with 2920 patient days of surveillance data were included during the study. A DA-HAIs attack rate of 17.67/100 admissions was seen during the study. The device utilisation ratios of central line, ventilator and urinary catheters were 0.49, 0.60 and 0.83, respectively. VAE, CLABSI and CAUTI rates were 12.44, 6.91 and 9.01/1000 device days, respectively. Among 54 DA-HAIs reported, pathogens could be identified for 41 DA-HAI cases. The most common organisms causing VAE, CAUTI and CLABSI were Acinetobacter baumannii (42.1%), Escherichia coli (30%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.7%), respectively. Of the Gram-negative organisms 61.7% were carbapenem resistant and 50% of Staphylococcus aureuswere methicillin resistant.

Conclusions:
The present study shows high rates of ICU-acquired DA-HAIs and moderately high resistance patterns of the organisms causing HAIs, which poses a great risk to patient safety.
Perceived stress and coping strategies among junior doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Sukanya , Bandyopadhyay Kajari , Das Sukesh 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) pandemic has put frontline health-care workers into unprecedented amounts of difficulty and psychological stress.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional, analytical study 122 junior doctors (interns, house staffs and postgraduate trainee) of a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal were studied during the period November 2021–January 2022. Data were collected using an online structured questionnaire, prepared as Google Forms and shared by WhatsApp. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used for the study. Information regarding various coping strategies adopted in the past 1 month was also collected.

Results:
High prevalence (83.7%) of moderate-to-high stress was observed among junior doctors (mean PSS score 21±6.9). Multivariable analysis showed female gender, single (unmarried) status and separation from family during COVID duty assignment were significantly at risk of moderate-to-high stress. The coping behaviours commonly used by the study participants were physical exercise, sharing feelings, talk therapy, meditation, hoping for the best, faith in God/religion, watching movies etc., with many struggling to cope.

Conclusions:
High prevalence of moderate-to-high stress and difficulty in coping were observed among the junior doctors. It's the need of the hour to plan support programmes dedicated to junior doctors emphasizing coping strategies and stress management.
Depression, anxiety and stress associated with fear of COVID-19 in Peruvian dental students: A multivariate analysis with 12 sociodemographic factors
Authors: Castro-Pérez Vargas Antonieta M , Céspedes-Porras Jacqueline , Echeverri-Junca Luz H , Córdova-Limaylla Nancy Edith , López-Gurreonero Carlos , Castro-Mena Manuel J , Cayo-Rojas César F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:
Excessive fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental students could cause mood disorders, especially if there are factors in the environment that generate feelings of anxiety or uncertainty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fear of COVID-19 and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress in Peruvian dental students according to their sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:
This analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 398 dental students of a public university in the Peruvian capital during April 2021 to July 2021. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 items was used to diagnose depression, anxiety, and stress. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used to detect fear of COVID-19. The Pearson’s chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. In addition, a logit model using odds ratio (OR) was performed to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress of students with the associated factors: fear of COVID-19 and 12 sociodemographic variables (gender, age group, marital status, year of study, origin, companion, living with vulnerable people, history of mental illness, history of COVID-19, loss of close relatives due to COVID-19, occupation, and area of residence). A significance level of P < .05 was considered. In addition, predictive models were developed for the variables depression, anxiety, and stress, considering all possible significant causes.

Results:
The prevalence of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.6%, 36.2%, 40.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. According to the adjusted logit model, students who had fear of COVID-19 had OR = 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62–4.64), OR = 5.59 (95% CI: 3.14–9.97), and OR = 3.31 (95% CI: 1.88–5.83) for developing depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In addition, those who reported history of mental illness were four times more likely to develop depression (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.96–8.25) and anxiety (OR = 4.50, 95% CI: 2.06–9.82), whereas those living with people vulnerable to COVID-19 were twice as likely to develop stress (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.16–3.66).

Conclusion:
The highest prevalence of mood disorders among dental students was anxiety. In addition, those who were afraid of COVID-19 had three times the probability of developing depression and stress, and five times the probability of developing anxiety. On the other hand, the most influential factor in the development of depression and anxiety was history of mental illness, whereas the factor of living with vulnerable people was the most influential factor in the development of stress.
Reproducibility of the “International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Cytology” – A Retrospective Analysis of 70 Cases
Authors: Boler Anup K. , Roy Shreosee , Chakraborty Ankita , Bandyopadhyay Arghya 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most practiced initial method for evaluation of breast lesions. The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast (IAC YSRB) Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology has been developed to standardize the reporting system. However, literature available on the inter-observer reproducibility of 5 IAC YSRB categories is limited.

Aim:
We investigated the inter-observer reproducibility of the IAC YSRB system.

Method and Materials:
A total of 70 consecutive specimens obtained from FNAC of breast lesions were reviewed retrospectively by 3 experienced cytopathologists who allotted 1 to 5 IAC YSRB categories.

Results:
The percent overall agreement between observers was 70.48% and the free marginal kappa was 0.63, which signifies substantial agreement. After combining “Suspicious” and “Malignant” categories, overall agreement was 80.95% and free marginal kappa became 0.75.

Conclusions:
Inter-observer agreement of three (70.48%) cytopathologists was substantial. Agreement can be improved by combining certain categories, especially “Suspicious” and “Malignant”. Technical quality limitation plays a significant role in a proportion of cases, mainly the “Atypical” and “Suspicious of malignancy” categories. Application of the IAC YSRB system in day-to-day practice will increase the inter-observer agreement.
Correlation of Glycemic Control with Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate, and Alkaline Phosphatase in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ayinbuomwan Ekiye , Onovughakpo-Sakpa Ejuoghanran Oritseseyigbemi 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) accounts for over 90% of diabetic cases with a prevalence of 0.33/1000 children in the African subregion. Hyperglycemia which is the major characteristic of T1DM may have a direct toxicity on osteoblasts and could lead to increased bone fragility and fractures in patients with T1DM. However, long-term glucose control can be monitored effectively with the measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), while alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum calcium, and inorganic phosphate are simple ways of assessing bone mineral density.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the association between HbA1c and serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and ALP.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a total of 26 T1DM patients and 20 apparently well children within the age range of 1–18 years. Blood samples were collected from the patients for measurement of HbAIc, serum ALP, serum calcium, and inorganic phosphate at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of insulin therapy.

Results:
The baseline mean HbA1c was significantly higher in the T1DM patients than in the controls (P = 0.00) and there was no significant decrease in HbA1c after 3 months of insulin therapy (P = 0.13) although HbA1c tended to be lower (12.57 ± 0.86% [baseline], 10.12 ± 0.74% [3 months postinsulin therapy]). There was a statistically significant reduction in ALP (P = 0.00). There was also a statistically significant correlation between ALP and mean HbA1c (r = 0.79, P = 0.00).

Conclusion:
Patients with T1DM often exhibit disorders related to calcium, inorganic phosphate, and ALP homeostasis with associated poor bone metabolism which may improve with adequate glycemic control and the addition of calcium supplements to their therapy.
Gastroprotective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Rats
Authors: Sani N.K , Onwuchekwa C. , Mohammed U. , Abubakar M. B. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Gastric ulcer is the most common gastrointestinal disorder associated with high morbidity and significant mortality and has been described as the plaque of the 19th and 20th centuries. The most conventional antiulcer drugs are largely ineffective and associated with disease recurrence, thus identifying natural products with potential antiulcer properties is essential.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (AEHSC) against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcer.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty male rats weighing 170–230 g were randomized into five groups as: ulcerated control group (distilled water, n = 6), experimental extract groups 1, 2, and 3 (AEHSC 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, n = 6 each), and positive control group (ranitidine 20 mg/kg, n = 6); ulcer was induced using oral indomethacin 40 mg/kg, 30 min after all interventions. Rats were sacrificed 5 h after ulcer induction. Blood samples were taken for serum hydroxyproline determination; gastric tissues were also visualized (ulcer index (UI) and percentage of ulcer protection), and later stained and viewed under a microscope.

Results:
There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in UI in treated rats compared with control. The percentage of ulcer protection was also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Histological slides also indicated increased epithelial mucus secretion in stomach tissues of rat treated with AEHSC.

Conclusions:
AEHSC may be potentially beneficial in protection against the development of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers.
Cystatin-c, Beta-2-Microglobulin, and Other Determinants of Renal Function in Preeclampsia
Authors: Onovughakpo-Sakpa Ejuoghanran Oriseseyigbemi , Ayinbuomwan Ekiye 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy which is avoidable with timely and effective care.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to monitor the renal status using biochemical indices such as serum cystatin-c, beta-2-microglobulin (B2MG), and other renal function.

Setting and Design:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Subjects and Methods:
One hundred and sixty respondents (124 preeclamptics [PE] and 36 normotensive pregnant women [NPW]) participated in this study. Fresh mid-stream urine and venous blood samples were collected for the estimation of urine albumin and creatinine, plasma creatinine and urea, serum cystatin-c, and B2MG.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 with the level of significance set at P < 0.05 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Amongst the PE, 39 (31.5%) were mild cases while 85 (68.5%) were severe. Serum cystatin-c, B2MG, plasma creatinine and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) were higher in the PE than in the NPW while plasma urea was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NPW than in PE. Cystatin-c was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in PE than in NPW in the 3rd trimester while B2MG was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in PE than in NPW in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Urine ACR and serum B2MG were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in severe than in mild PE. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between serum cystatin-c and urine ACR and between B2MG and plasma creatinine. Serum cystatin-c was increased throughout the period of gestation with higher values in the 3rd trimester while serum B2MG was higher in the 2nd trimester.

Conclusion:
In comparison to other biological indices of renal function, serum B2MG and serum cystatin-c could be more useful in the early detection and severity of preeclampsia.
The Nigerian Chikadoma Plant
Authors: Lawal Babatunde A. S. , Eban Linus K. , Akuodor Godwin Christian , Ohadoma Sylvester C. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
A plant commonly referred to as Chikadoma in Nigeria, yellow bush in English, is traditionally used for the treatment of microbial infections and inflammation.

Objectives:
This study evaluated a novel gel formulation of the Nigerian Chikadoma plant extract for its topical antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities against pure clinical isolates (Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger), and carrageenan-induced edema on experimental rodents, respectively.

Materials and Methods:
Concentration of 1% w/w Carbopol-934 was employed as the gelling agent. The physiochemical parameters of formulations (viscosity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, and stability) were examined for a month to ensure that when applied on the skin, it never produced any skin irritation/erythema/edema.

Results:
The physiochemical and stability assessment of the gel formulation showed viscosity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, and stability within standard specifications. The antimicrobial studies showed activity against some of the test microorganisms, while the carrageenan-induced edema was inhibited. Both showed high degree of reproducibility.

Conclusion:
The formulated gel of Nigerian Chikadoma plant extract significantly possesses herbal anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and the gel preparation was stable under normal storage environment and did not manifest skin irritation/erythema and edema when applied on the skin.
Evaluation of the Glycemic and Lipidemic Effect of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Ethanolic Leaf Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Nwaji Azubuike Raphael , Ugbala Onyinye A. , Ante Iniobong A. , Inwang Uduak A. , Nwoke Favour-Ann K. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and often accompanied by lipid abnormalities. The ongoing search for natural antidiabetic remedies is concentrated on plants used as such in ethnomedicine. Murraya koenigii is also known as curry leaf plant, belonging to the family Rutaceae. Few studies have shown the activity of M. koenigii in management of diabetes mellitus and lipidemic effect.

Aim:
This study evaluated the effect of M. koenigii leaf extract on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty male Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were randomly selected into four groups (1, 2, 3, and 4) of five rats each. Group 1 served as normal control, Group 2 as diabetic control, while Groups 3 and 4 were diabetic and orally treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of M. koenigii extract, respectively. After 14 days of administration, oral glucose tolerance test was performed on overnight fasted rats. Thereafter, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples obtained were used for biochemical assay.

Results:
There was no significant differences (P < 0.05) in the glucose tolerance between the normal control and the M. koenigii (200 and 400 mg/kg)-treated groups. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) between the diabetic control group and the normal control was noted at 30, 60, and 120 min following glucose load. Furthermore, there was no significant changes (P < 0.05) in the lipid parameters between the normal control and the treated groups of the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that ethanolic extract of M. koenigii administered for a 2-week period had no effect on the glucose tolerance and lipid profile of the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.
Socio-demographic Factors Influencing Measures of Cognitive Function of Early Adolescent Students in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Nwatah Vincent Ebuka , Ahmed Patience Abaluomo , Audu Lamidi Isah , Okolo Selina Nnuaku 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The brain in the early adolescent period undergoes enhanced changes with the radical reorganisation of the neuronal network leading to improvement in cognitive capacity. A complex interplay exists between environment and genetics that influences the outcome of intellectual capability. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the relationship between socio-demographic variables and measures of cognitive function (intelligence quotient [IQ] and academic performance) of early adolescents.

Methods:
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of early adolescents aged 10–14 years. Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices was used to assess the IQ and academic performance was assessed by obtaining the average of all the subjects' scores in the last three terms that made up an academic year. A confidence interval of 95% was assumed and a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The overall mean (standard deviation) age of the study population was 11.1 years (±1.3) with male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Female sex was associated with better academic performance with P = 0.004. The students with optimal IQ performance were more likely (61.7%) to perform above average than those with sub-optimal IQ performance (28.6%). As the mother's age increased, the likelihood of having optimal IQ performance increased 1.04 times (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95 confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.07). Students in private schools were three times more likely to have optimal IQ performance than those from public schools (OR = 2.79; 95 CI = 1.65–4.71).

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated that students' IQ performance and the female gender were associated with above-average academic performance. The predictors of optimal IQ performance found in this study were students' age, maternal age and school type.
Non-COVID-19 Uptake of Personal Protective Equipment and Rules Compliance amongst Industrial Workers in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Rayyan Muhammad Garba , Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Usman Usman Sunusi , Muhammad Karibullah Idris 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Every workplace has got hazards in many different forms, ranging from sharps, falling objects, chemicals, infections, noise and a lot of other potentially dangerous situations. The occupational safety and health administration mandates employers to protect their employees from such potentially dangerous workplace hazards. Personal protective equipment (PPE) plays an important role in preventing and ensuring health safety amongst industrial workers. This study aimed to determine the use of PPE and rules compliance amongst Industrial Workers in Kano State.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used to assess 150 workers selected from the Sharada Industrial Estate, Kano, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 22.0.

Results:
The response rate was 88.2%, and the mean age of respondents was 28.1 ± 7.4. About 72% were male, 74.7% had secondary education and 16.4% reported ever having a child with a congenital anomaly. Up to 25% reported using PPE always, 62% used PPE occasionally and 12% never used PPE. Factors significantly associated with the use of PPE at bivariate level were: Gender, 'provision of statutory regulation by the management', 'provision of PPE on worksite' and 'provision of training to staff' respectively. However, on multivariable regression analysis, only 'provision of statutory regulation by the management' and 'provision of PPE on worksite' were found to be independent (intrinsic) predictors of the use of PPE.

Conclusions:
Training alone does not necessarily increase the uptake of PPE amongst industrial workers. There is a need to ensure the availability of PPE at the worksite, as well as statutory regulations by industries.