bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of platelet-rich fibrin to enhance dental implant stability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guan Shuai , Yang Lei , Bai Jiuping , Ning Chunliu , Zhang Xingkui , Xiao Tiepeng , Li Xiangjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is widely used in bone graft surgery; however, the effects of PRF on the increase in the implant site or postoperative bone mass and on the improvement in implant stability remain unclear and controversial. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess whether PRF has a significant effect on the stability of dental implants after implant surgery.Methods: Three databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched until December 31, 2020. The search terms “platelet-rich fibrin,” “dental implants,” “single-tooth,” “stability,” “implant stability quotient,” “alveolar bone regeneration,” “alveolar ridge augmentation,” “alveolar bone loss,” and “bone resorption” were used in combination to identify publications reporting data for dental implant stability related to the use of PRF. Fixed- or random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the estimates of the mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.Results: After screening based on the inclusion criteria, nine randomized controlled trials were included. Low heterogeneity was observed in study characteristics, outcome variables, and estimation scales (I2 = 34%, P=0.15). The qualitative and meta-analysis results showed that PRF increased the effect of implant stabilizers after implant surgery regardless of implant site (upper or lower jaw). Application of a combination of PRF and biomaterials did not significantly increase the implant stability quotient compared with application of PRF alone.Conclusions: The results of the present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PRF can increase implant stability after implant surgery regardless of whether the implant site is in the maxilla or mandible. PRF may also have a role in accelerating bone healing and tends to promote the formation of new bone at the implant site.Registration: The review methodology was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230308).
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern of pathogens Isolated from different age groups with Urinary Tract Infection in Bangladesh
Authors: Abedin Mohammad Zakerin , Akter Koly Farjana , Md. Quruni , B Aktar Md. , Irfanul Islam Muhammad , An Rahaman Md. , Noor-E-Kashif Farnaz , E Arfat Md. , Shahangir Biswas Mohammad , Rubait Hasan , Husna Shathi Jamiatul , Aktar Ahmed Abdullah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common nosocomial infection in many hospitals and routine clinical practices. Contemporary knowledge of pathogens and their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility is essential for updating antibiotic policy. Methods: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of microorganisms that cause urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.A total of 1288 clinical samples were aseptically collected from UTI patients. After collection, pathogenic bacteria was isolated and identified with biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method using 14 commercial antibiotics. Results: Out of 1288 samples, 398 samples showed positive growth with various pathogens. Further analysis of samples presented a high prevalence of UTI in female than male. Identified pathogens were mostly E. coli (82.41%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp.. Most of the bacteria showed high (≥ 98.25%) sensitivity to Meropenem; moderate susceptibility to Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Nitrofurantoin and least (<20%) sensitivity to Cefixime, Cephradine, Cefuroxime, Clindamycin, and Trimethoprime. Conclusion: These results are of clinical and epidemiological significance, enhancing the studies to identify causative pathogens and sensitivity patterns of pathogens in UTIs, as well as improving clinicians’ knowledge of how to select the best antibiotics and ultimately contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Application of theoretical domains framework to explore the enablers of, and barriers to, physical activity among university staff and Students: A qualitative study
Authors: Ndupu Lawrence Bismarck , Staples Vicki , Lipka Sigrid , Faghy Mark , Bessadet Nawel , Bussell Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity is an increasing public health issue which has been associated with several chronic illnesses. However, despite strong evidence indicating the health benefits of physical activity, many university staff and students tend to be physically inactive. The aim of this study was to examine the perceived barriers to and enablers of physical activity among staff and students in a university setting, using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out in a university in the East Midlands’ region of the United Kingdom. Eight group interviews were conducted with 6 male and 15 female (mean age= 40.5 ± 10.6 years) university staff with different job roles (e.g., academic, administrative, cleaning and catering staff), and 12 male and 7 female (mean age= 28.6 ± 4.7 years) students at different stages of study (e.g., undergraduate, postgraduate, and international students). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and imported into Nvivo12 software, responses were coded using the TDF where theory-driven deductive content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The evolving themes from the group interviews mapped to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework as enablers and/or barriers to physical activity. However, 71% of these themes mapped to six major domains of the TDF (i.e., environmental context and resources; intentions; social influences; knowledge; beliefs about capabilities; and social/professional role and identity), and thus established as the major enablers of and barriers to physical activity among university staff and students.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the capability, opportunity and motivation of university staff and students to engage in physical activity are influenced by several enablers and barriers. This study therefore provides a theoretical foundation to inform the development of bespoke interventions to increase physical activity among inactive university staff and students, as well as in other settings.
Velocity tracking and Pitch Depth Regulation of Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle using Different Control Strategies
Authors: V Aruna M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pertaining to the past twenty years, research on the movement control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) has become a significant point because of their wide scope of utilization in different fields like environmental research, security patrol, surveillance, rescue, etc. In this paper, velocity tracking problem of a new Bio-mimetic (Biologically inspired) AUV in a horizontal plane and depth-pitch tracking is addressed. Bio-mimetic AUVs (BAUVs) strives to enhance performance in diverse ocean conditions. The performance parameters like speed, efficiency, maneuverability, and stealth are remarkable compared to conventional AUVs. The proposed modeling approach is based on the kinematics and dynamic equations of marine vehicles. A conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller with different tuning methods is used in this work for motion controlling purposes. Later on, a robust control method is presented to achieve better performance.
Nutritional prehabilitation in head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Cantwell Linda A , Fahy Emer , Walters Emily R , Patterson Joanne M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Prehabilitation affords an opportunity to support the management of malnutrition that is strongly associated with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the components of nutritional prehabilitation interventions and their effects on nutritional and health outcomes in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was completed within Medline (including PubMed), CINHAL, Cochrane database, EMBASE, PRoQUEST, clinical trials registries and grey literature to identify studies involving a nutritional intervention pre-treatment in head and neck cancer patients receiving any form of curative therapy. Nutritional intervention was defined as a specified period pre-treatment and outcomes measures had to include assessment of nutritional status or body composition. Quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias 2. Results: From 557 identified studies, two met the inclusion criteria. Due to the low number of studies a meta-analysis was not indicated. Both studies conducted a nutritional intervention using an “enriched formula” in malnourished patients prior to surgery. Neither study reported the intervention was effective for reducing weight loss, physical function, surgical complications, or length of stay versus the comparison. Conclusion: There is limited nutritional prehabilitation research within head and neck cancer. An “enriched formula” provided in the prehabilitation period appears no more advantageous than routine standard nutritional formula in mitigating against the weight loss experienced in malnourished head and neck patient. Due to the malnutrition risks on diagnosis and the negative impact of poor nutritional status on clinical and functional outcomes robust nutritional prehabilitation research is required to inform clinical practice.
Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergency transport of children by an emergency medical service system: A population-based, ORION registry study
Authors: Ota Koshi , Nishioka Daisuke , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Masui Jun , Ota Kanna , Nitta Masahiko , Matsuoka Tetsuya , Takasu Akira 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, has spread rapidly around the world.Objective: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency medical service (EMS) and hospital admission course for children transported by ambulance.Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive study with a study period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 using the Osaka Emergency Information Research Intelligent Operation Network (ORION) system. All children who were transported by ambulance in Osaka Prefecture were included. The main outcome of this study was the rate of difficult-to-transfer cases, which was calculated by univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses.Results: Over the 3 years between January 1, 2018 and December 31 2020, 1,436,212 patients were transported to hospitals by ambulances in Osaka Prefecture, with children accounting for 102,473 (37,064, 39,590, and 25,819, in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively). Poisson regression analysis showed that children were negatively associated with difficult-to-transfer cases (risk ratio (RR) 0.35, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.37). With reference to 2018, 2020 was not significantly associated with difficult-to-transfer cases in children (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.32, P=0.075), but was significantly related (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.27, P<0.001) to difficult-to-transfer cases in the general population.Conclusion: Children were consistently associated with a reduced RR for difficult-to-transfer cases, even in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Effect of a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator on the Purinergic Pathway in an Animal Model of Emphysema Induced by Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Cuevas Ester , Aliagas Elisabet , Paul Tanja , Pascual-González Yuliana , López-Sánchez Marta , Barberà Joan Albert , Dorca Jordi , Peinado Víctor Ivo , Santos Salud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purinergic and nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways appear to be involved in the development of emphysema and vascular remodeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In an animal model, we evaluate the gene and protein expression of ENTPD1/CD39 and NT5E/CD73, and the effect on this expression of a guanylate cyclase (GC) stimulator. Forty-two guinea pigs underwent sham exposure (SHAM) or cigarette smoke (CS) exposure from three to six months. They were divided into six groups (sham-exposed, smokers or former smokers) and treated with vehicle (VH) or BAY 41-2272 (GC stimulator) for three months. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and qPCR assays were performed on lung tissue samples. Compared to SHAM + VH, ENTPD1 and NT5E were downregulated in the CS + VH group (1 ± 0 vs. 0.78 ± 0.51, p > 0.05, and 1 ± 0 vs. 0.45 ± 0.27, p = 0.027 respectively). Treatment with BAY 41-2722 increased ENTPD1 and NT5E expression to 1.06 ± 0.4 and 0.71 ± 0.35, respectively. No changes in the Ex-CS + BAY group were found. NT5E/CD73 was downregulated in the lungs of an animal model of emphysema. Treatment with a soluble GC stimulator tended to restore the gene and protein expression of ENTPD1/CD39 and NT5E/CD73 in smoke-exposed animals, suggesting its implication in a new mechanism for preventing emphysema.
Nature, risk factors, prevalence, neurotransmitter role, and survival investigation of acute organophosphate (OP) pesticide cases in humans in a tertiary hospital in Telangana, India.
Authors: Sinha Sukesh Narayan , Kumar Kumpati Rajesh , Rajendra Sangaraju , Gouda Balaji , Chougule Priyanka , Naik Ramavath Pandu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:Pesticides represent many risks to human and environmental health, but few end-user selection criteria account for differences in risk across compounds. People who inadvertently consume toxins such as organophosphate pesticides were commonly seen in India's tertiary hospital emergency departments. However, the scarcity of knowledge about organophosphorus pesticide toxicity and the pesticide influences on neurotransmitters' role in humans is not reported.Aim and ObjectiveTo investigate the name of the OP pesticide consumed, their severity of the poisoning, and socio-demographic data (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), were not consume OP pesticide. Furthermore, we estimated the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in acute OP poison human plasma and survival and mortality in human suicidal cases with different OP pesticides at general tertiary hospitals in India.MethodsThis prospective studydata (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), aims on hospital admitted human suicidal attempt cases to examine the toxicity of organophosphorus poisons. The data was collected to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of OP poisoned patients based on source, site, and route of poison, education, occupational status, and purpose of poisoning. ELISA kits determined the estimation of neurotransmitters. GraphPad Prism version 5.0 was used to interpret the data, including Dunnett's multiple comparison analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival plots.Findings/ResultsDuring the three years of this prospective investigation of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning in humans, we surveyed one hundred and sixteen instances of attempted suicide by ingesting OP pesticides. Males accounted for 72.41% of the cases, while females accounted for 27.59%. We observed that, based on the survival plot, N = 75.9% of patients were discharged, and the remaining cases died (N = 24.1% of patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Findings suggested that the serotonin levels significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001) were decreased from 12 to 36 hours, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 hours compared to the control group.Interpretation/ConclusionSuicidal poisoning is induced by a mix of psychological and social reasons; certain poisoning patterns are more common in demographic niche clusters. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioral changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP poison cases. So the clinician should focus on treatment and maintain the imbalance of these neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine.
New PCB Defect Identification and Classification Method Combining MobileNet Algorithm and Improved YOLOv4 Model
Authors: Zhu Hongjin , Xing Lina , Fan Honghui , Wu Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the popularization of the emerging 3C products (e.g., smartwatches, smart entertainment robots, and various wearable devices), printed circuit boards (PCBs), considered as the core of electronic products, have gained more attention in terms of the performance in the quality control. Many studies have been conducted and outstanding results have been obtained. However, there are still many challenges, e.g., the complexity and diversity of the PCB small defect dataset. To further cope with the above problems, the improved YOLOv4 algorithm is designed and verified in terms of the detection performance on a public PCB small defect dataset. First, the size distributions of six class defect images are analyzed; the reasonable size of anchor boxes is re-designed and assigned to multiscale feature layers. Second, the ADD-path module and the DSCBlock-W module combined with the MobiletNetv2 module are used to construct the backbone of the YOLOv4 method. Finally, the fusion of multilevel features is enhanced and the data information of the low-level feature is fully utilized, thereby enabling YOLOv4 to better detect small defects. Compared to different state-of-the-art methods, the improved YOLOv4 method obtains an mAP as high as 99.71%, which confirms the efficiency and accuracy of the improved method.
Eco-Anxiety: Ontario Teachers’ Insights into Effective Environmental Education Pedagogy
Authors: Liu Yin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing concern of eco-anxiety, an anxiety evoked by negative accounts on Climate Change. Globally, scholars find that this anxiety, manifested in expressions such as frustration and fatigue, decreases interests and de-motivate learners (see, e.g., Ojala, 2017). In addition, literature about teachers’ self-efficacy is limited, indicating a lack of support for teachers to integrate environmental education across curricula. Although the policy document outlines ways in which teachers can implement research-based practices, few teachers in reality take up the initiative. Thus, this empirical paper will explore the phenomenon of learning and teaching anxiety in environmental education through two Ontario teachers’ perspectives. In the two interviews collected, lack of empirical evidence to apply research-based practice prevails to account for anxiety in environmental education. Further, given the shared challenge brought by Climate Change, this paper will bring insights to practitioners devoted into this area to address the collective crisis.
Intraarterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma in Mexico: A retrospective case-series study in a referral center
Authors: Ancona-Lezama David , Garza-Garza Lucas A. , Bastán-Fabián Daniel , Figueroa-Sánchez José A. , Morales-Garza Héctor J. , Ruiz-Lozano Raúl E. , Garza-Durón Rodrigo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular neoplasm of childhood. While survival rates, globe salvage, and disease stage at presentation have significantly improved in the last decades in high-income countries (HICs), retinoblastoma remains a clinical challenge in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, novel therapies such as intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) are often unavailable, or underused, in middle or low-income countries. Methods: We present a retrospective case series, where we examine the outcomes of 6 eyes in 6 patients who received IAC as primary, or secondary, therapy for retinoblastoma. Results: Four eyes resulted in disease remission, while two ultimately were enucleated due to ophthalmic artery anatomic issues. Nevertheless, all patients remain disease free at last follow-up. Conclusion: Intraarterial chemotherapy is a safe and effective alternative for treating retinoblastoma. Unfortunately, due to disparity in healthcare access between different socioeconomic strata, it is not a common therapy in Mexico. Further work needs to be undertaken, such as increasing awareness of this disease, inter-institutional twinning, and overall improvement in healthcare access.
Effect of a real-time automatic nosocomial infection surveillance system on hospital- acquired infection prevention and control
Authors: Wen Ruiling , Li Xinying , Liu Tingting , Lin Guihong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The systematic collection of valid data related to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is considered effective for nosocomial infection prevention and control programs. New strategies to reduce HAIs have recently fueled the adoption of real-time automatic nosocomial infection surveillance systems (RT-NISSs). Although RT-NISSs have been implemented in some hospitals for several years, the effect of RT-NISS on HAI prevention and control needs to be further explored.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of inpatients from January 2017 to December 2019 was performed. We collected hospital-acquired infection (HAI) cases and multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) infection cases by traditional surveillance in period 1 (from January 2017 to December 2017), and these cases were collected in period 2 (from January 2018 to December 2018) and period 3 (from January 2019 to December 2019) using a real-time nosocomial infection surveillance system (RT-NISS). The accuracy of MDRO infection surveillance results over the 3 periods was examined. The trends of antibiotic utilization rates and pathogen culture rates in periods 2 and 3 were also analysed.Results: A total of 114647 inpatients, including 2242 HAI cases, were analysed. The incidence of HAIs in period 2 was significantly greater than that in period 1 (2.28% vs. 1.48%, c²=61.963, p<0.001) and period 3 (2.28% vs. 2.05%, c²=4.767, p=0.029). The incidence of five HAI sites, including respiratory infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical site infection (SSI), bloodstream infection (BSI) and skin and soft tissue infection, was significantly greater in period 2 compared with period 1 (both p<0.05) but was not significantly different from that in period 3. The incidence of hospital-acquired MDRO infections in period 3 was lower than that in period 2. The identification of MDRO infection cases using the RT-NISS achieved a high level of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), especially in period 3 (Se=100%, Sp=100%, PPV=100% and NPV=100%).Conclusion: The adoption of a RT-NISS to adequately and accurately collect HAI cases is useful to prevent and control HAIs. Furthermore, RT-NISSs improve accuracy in MDRO infection case reporting, which can timely and accurately guide and supervise clinicians in implementing MDRO infection prevention and control measures.