bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The uneven water stress implications of global
refugee migrations
Authors: Bertassello Leonardo , Müller Marc , Wiechman Adam , Penny Gopal , Tuninetti Marta , Muller-Itten Michèle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Millions displaced by conflicts have found refuge in water-stressed countries, where their perceived effect on water availability has shaped local water security discourses. We leverage new annual global data on the water footprint of food production to elucidate the effects of refugee displacement on host countries' water stress. The blue water demand transferred by refugees has nearly doubled between 2005 and 2016. It tends to be transferred towards countries with less water-intensive food provision systems, but more water-intensive dietary habits and comparably scarce water resources. Although minimal in most countries, implications on water stress can be dramatic in vulnerable countries that are already at risk of severe water crises. The 3.3 million refugees in Jordan may have contributed to water stress by up to 60%-points. We find that small changes to current UNHCR refugee resettlement goals can substantially ease the effect of refugee displacement on water stress in vulnerable countries.
Proposal of Risk Tolerance Factor for Optimizing Risk Management, based on the system context - Nanosatellite Case Studies
Authors: Monteiro Benjamim , Garbi Giuliani , Vidal Francisco , de Carvalho Manoel , Rodrigues Alessandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper present and implement a generic methodology for optimizing the risk management of low-cost systems with a lean schedule and brief operating time. Therefore, a proposed approach uses a correction factor (RTF – Risk Tolerance Factor) in the qualitative risk management stage. To analyze the application of the RTF approach, two case studies, ARMADILLO and CONASSAT, are presented. It was observed that the use of the RTF approach provided the mitigation of a minor number of risks in the planning stage of risk management in CubeSats projects. The advantage of the RTF approach is that the project team will carry out more straightforward mitigation plans for qualified risks. It is concluded that the approach met the objective of providing the team members with information about which risk scenario the mission is allocated in at the beginning of the mission design process. However, it does not exclude the possibility of later application of the tool.
Evaluation of Internet Users' Interests for Paediatric Dental Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aksoy Emre , Tunc Emine Sen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) had a significant impact on dental care providers; patients had trouble accessing routine dental care due to concerns about the safety of dentists and patients. Therefore, people spend more time at home due to lockdown and working from home, which increases their likelihood of looking for dental care information on the Internet. The present study aims to compare the trends of Internet searches for paediatric dentistry queries before and after COVID-19.
Design:
The weekly variation of relative search volume (RSV) and the lists of paediatric dentistry-related queries were determined from December 2018 through December 2020 using Google Trends. Two separate data sets were obtained before and after the pandemic. It compared COVID-19's first year to the year before COVID-19. The data sets were analyzed using paired t-test.
Results
There was a statistically significant increase in queries about dental emergencies, especially toothache and dental trauma (p < 0.05). Other queries about recommended dental procedures during COVID-19, such as Hall Techniques and stainless steel crowns, showed an increasing trend. However, these were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
People search for many more emergency queries on the Internet due to their limited access to dental care providers. Also, non-aerosol generating procedures such as Hall Techniques are becoming much more popular.
Predictors for patient satisfaction of a single intra-articular injection of crosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with mannitol (HANOX-M-XL) in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Results of a prospective open-label pilot study (HAPPYMINI- ARTEMIS trial)
Authors: BARON Dominique , BARON Hugo , BAERER Catherine , BODERE Céline , CONROZIER Thierry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Chronic pain and functional impairment interfere with the quality of life of subjects suffering from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Intra-articular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA) injections have been shown to alleviate pain and improve mandibular mobility in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis (OA).Objectives:The primary aim of the study was to identify the prognostic factors of patient satisfaction for a single IA injection of a mannitol-modified crosslinked HA (HANOX-M-XL) in patients with TMJ-OA. The second goal was to obtain clinical data on effectiveness, safety and mandibular mobility throughout a six-month follow-up period. Patients and methods: This was an observational single-arm prospective trial with a six-month follow-up. Inclusion criteria: patients with TMJ-OA which is not relieved by analgesics and/or non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs and/or orthotics, with radiological evidence of TMJ-OA. All patients received a single IA injection of 1ml HANOX-M-XL in the target TMJ. The primary endpoint was patient satisfaction on day 180. The main secondary outcome measures were pain variation on a 11-point numeric scale (0-11) between the date of injection and month six, the variation over time of the Maximum Inter-Incisal Opening Distance (MIIOD) and the patient’s assessment of effectiveness. Predictive factors of success or failure were also studied. All adverse events were recorded.Results: 36 subjects (mean age 55.3 years, mean disease duration 98 months), covering a total of 52 injected TMJs, were included. Between baseline and endpoint, the average pain while chewing decreased dramatically from 6.9 ± 1.2 to 2.9 ± 1.3 (p<0.0001) and the MIIOD increased from 29± 7 to 35 ± 5 mm (p<0.01). On day 180, all patients were satisfied with the treatment, with 34 patients (94%) rating it as highly effective or effective. Tolerability was good in all but one patient. In the multivariate analysis, patient satisfaction on day 180 was highly correlated with the pain while chewing score, pain on palpation score and the decrease of pain over time (all p<0.0001) but not with MIIOD, gender, age, bruxism, articular noise and symptom duration. Previous viscosupplementation was also related to higher satisfaction (p=0.01)Conclusion: Despite a long history of pain, most of the patients with symptomatic TMJ-OA benefited from a single injection of HANOX-M-XL, as shown by the sustained (up to six months) decrease in pain and improvement in mandibular mobility, with no safety concerns.
SARS-CoV2 Induced Biochemical Mechanisms in Liver Damage and Intestinal Lesions.
Authors: Spirina Liudmila , Masunov Vladimir , Dyakov Denis , Akbasheva Olga , Kebekbayeva Amina , Shuvalov Igor , Masunova Nadezhda , Kovaleva Irina , Dagbaeva Yumzhana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms are found in SARS-CoV2 systemic inflammation. Oxidative stress, altered proteolysis, hypercoagulation, and metabolic disorders are significant in virus-induced lesions. The study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism of virus-induced disorders and determine the biochemical features in SARS-CoV2-associated liver damage and intestine lesions. Methods. A retrospective case series of ninety-two patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The ACE, α1-proteinase inhibitor, trypsin-like proteinase, and elastase activity were measured by FAPGG hydrolysis. Nitrites level was detected in reaction with Griess reagent. The ELISA kit measured Troponin, C-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, PAR4, and neuropilin level. Results. ACE activity and nitrites ions content increase in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. The hyperglycemia with an increase in adipose tissue-derived hormones is specific for virus-induced disorders and affects the development of unfavorable outcomes. Cardiac failure was detected in patients with ARDS. AH patients with COVID-19 had more pronounced hyperglycemia and increased ACE activity and NO ions level. Activation of proteolysis was revealed in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. The found molecular event was accompanied by hyperglycemia induction. Liver damage was specific for patients co-infected with COVID-19 with severe ARDS and heart failure. But the intestinal lesions were associated with the proteolysis activation. The obtained data shows the prevalence of the neuropilin-dependent axis in damage of the intestine with more pronounced inflammation. Growth in adipose tissue hormones, nitrites, and neuropilin levels is triggered by prolonged inflammation. Conclusions. The impaired metabolism, SARS-CoV2 associated hyperglycemia influence on SARS-CoV2 multiple mechanisms of virus invasion. Gastrointestinal manifestations in SARS-CoV2 infection are related to various and varied tools. ACE2 receptors axis is prevalent for liver damage, but NRP-1 protein (neuropilin), NO derivatives, and adipose tissue-derived hormones are essential for intestinal lesions.
Environmental Footprints of Economic Development, Foreign Investment, Tourism, and Electricity Production: Empirical Evidence from GCC Region
Authors: Farooq Umar , Tabash Mosab I. , Anagreh Suhaib , Al-Rdaydeh Mahmoud , Habib Samar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each economic factor generates both positive and negative externalities regarding environmental quality. Owing to this, the current study explores the impacts of various economic factors on the environmental quality of GCC region. By sampling the 24-years (1996-2019) financial statistics of six GCC region countries, we investigate the impact of economic development, foreign investment, trade volume, tourism investment and revenue, and electricity production etc., on CO2 emissions. The empirical analysis is based upon FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square) model due to existence of cointegration. Following the results, economic development, foreign investment, tourism investment, electricity production, and population density have positive while trade volume and banking development have negative impact on volume of CO2 emissions. The results support the pollution haven hypothesis in GCC region and have many policies for environmental economists regarding the protection of natural environment both in short and long-run. The current analysis offers new insights regarding the dynamic role of various economic factors in establishing the CO2 emission volume in GCC region.
The acceptability of cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy: A mixed methods study examining women’s experiences of a novel test to predict preterm birth
Authors: Stern Victoria , Jones Georgina L. , Senbeto Sarah , Anumba Dilly 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Reducing the rate of preterm birth is a cornerstone of global efforts to address child mortality. Existing tests offer imperfect prediction, particularly for universal screening. Cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a novel technique to quantify the ripening changes which precede labour. Mid-trimester EIS measurements have been shown to accurately predict preterm birth in asymptomatic women. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the acceptability of cervical EIS to low and high-risk women undergoing screening during a larger prospective trial.
Methods
In this parallel convergent mixed methods study, 40 women completed questionnaires before and after screening tests (EIS, cervical length measurement and fetal fibronectin quantification). Quantitative outcomes were anxiety levels before and after screening (Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-6), pain (Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and ratings of EIS device appearance and test acceptability (visual analogue scales). Twenty-one women (11 high-risk, 10 low-risk) also attended a semi-structured qualitative interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, then thematic analysis was performed. A convergence coding matrix was constructed to enable triangulation of quantitative and qualitative results.
Results
High risk women demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety following screening (mean STAI-6 score 34.5 vs. 29.0, p = 0.002). A similar trend was observed among low-risk participants. Ratings of pain, EIS device appearance and procedural acceptability did not differ between groups. Mean pain ratings were low (visual analogue scale 0.97 and 1.01), comparing favourably to published evaluations of conventional screening tests. Qualitative analysis provided insight into both the physical consequences and emotional experiences of screening. Additional determinants of the screening experience included device design, pre-existing perspectives on intimate examination, attitudes to knowledge in pregnancy and interaction with clinical staff. Finally, a range of practical considerations regarding wider use of EIS were identified, with valuable complementary detail regarding acceptability for use in antenatal care.
Conclusions
Cervical EIS is well tolerated and acceptable to both low and high-risk women. These results provide useful insights to inform the design of future study and screening protocols
Cross-sectional Study on the Association Between Hyperuricemia and Other Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Guan Baosheng , Chen Jiaxin , Lan Rongyu , Bai Xue , Zhu Liling , Yao Songpo , Song Yang , Yin Xianglin , Niu Xiaoqing , Qiu Hongbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease caused by overproduction and/or underexcretion of serum uric acid (SUA). The study was conducted to find the association between Hyperuricemia and hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Methods: A total of 1632 people aged older than 18 years were selected through cluster random sampling in 2015 from two hospitals in Qiqihar, China. Epidemiological investigations were conducted to determine SUA, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose and other indicators. Statistical comparisons of the results were evaluated by using t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis with SPSS 19.0. Results: The prevalence of HUA, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were 21.68%, 37.26%, 10.98% and 57.45% in the male population and 1.34%, 19.91%, 4.59% and 40.38% in the female population, respectively. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HUA, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia between males and females (p＜0.001). Using the lowest SUA range as a reference group, the risk of hyperlipidemia increased with SUA levels in population (Q2: OR=1.570, p=0.003; Q3: OR=2.049, p＜0.001; Q4: OR=3.519, p＜0.001). (This trend persisted after adjusting for BMI, sex and age, Q2: OR=1.632, p=0.002; Q3: OR=2.091, p＜0.001; Q4: OR=3.719, p＜0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the levels of SUA in the context of diabetes and hypertension, not even been adjusted. Conclusion: The level of SUA is associated with hyperlipidemia. It may be useful to maintain normal SUA level in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Comparison of Three Modelling Frameworks for Aquatic Ecosystems: Practical Aspects and Applicability
Authors: Fábián Virág Adrienn , Patonai Katalin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are under multiple stressors and it is crucial to find methods to better describe, manage, and sustain aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystem modelling has become an important tool in integrating trophic relationships into food webs, assessing important nodes using network analysis, and making predictions via simulations. Fortunately, several modelling techniques exist, but the question is which approach is relevant and applicable when?
In this study, we compare three modelling frameworks (Ecopath, Loop Analysis in R, STELLA software) using a case study of a small aquatic network (8 nodes). The choice of framework depends on the research question and data availability. We approach this topic from a methodological aspect by describing the data requirements and by comparing the applicability and limitations of each modelling approach. Each modelling framework has its specific focus, but some functionalities and outcomes can be compared. Predictions of Ecopath’s Mixed Trophic Impact plot and the Loop Analysis models are in agreement for groups at higher trophic levels, but not for lower trophic levels. This suggests that further comparisons are needed of networks of varying resolution and size. Generally, when data are limiting, loop analysis can provide qualitative predictions, while the other two methods provide quantitative results, yet rely on more data.
Public perceptions about the invasive plant pampas grass, Cortaderia selloana
Authors: Almeida Mónica Roldão , Marchante Elizabete , Marchante Hélia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cortaderia selloana, also known as pampas grass, is native to the Pampas region in South America. Nowadays, it is a widespread invasive plant in several regions of the World, including the south of the Atlantic Arc in Europe, where it has been used as an ornamental species. As such, citizens may play an important role in the dissemination of this invasive species, but on the other hand, if they are aware of its invasive behavior, can contribute to its control and prevent spread. An online survey was performed to better understand the perception and knowledge of Portuguese and Spanish citizens about pampas grass. 486 and 839 citizens answered the questionnaire in Portugal (PT) and Spain (ES), respectively. In general, most respondents were between 41 and 64 years old, mostly women in Portugal and equally women and men in Spain, with higher education and working mostly in the services sector. The majority of respondents in both countries recognized the plant, know it is invasive and many were able to name it, but fewer were aware of the legislation that limits its use, and most were not able to identify particular characteristics of the species. Respondents' occupation in PT and education in ES seem to influence their knowledge and perception about pampas grass. Our results confirm that education and raising awareness of citizens regarding invasive species is of the utmost importance so that citizens can be part of the solution and not the problem, especially when regarding ornamental species like pampas grass.
Use Of Online Structured Oral Examinations For Postgraduate Specialist And Subspecialist Certification Examinations During The COVID-19 Pandemic In South Africa
Authors: Burch Vanessa C. , McGuire Jessica K. , Mbouaffou Francis , Senkubuge Flavia , Sathekge Mike , Buch Eric , Fagan Johannes J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic prevented many medical specialist programmes across the world from conducting certification examinations. However, the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa (CMSA), which is responsible for conducting all specialist and sub-specialist certification examinations in South Africa, continued conducting examinations despite the pandemic.Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the success and challenges of conducting SOEs using Zoom, with a special focus on acceptability of this examination format to candidates.Method: The CMSA hosted 2933 candidates undertaking examinations for 95 diploma, specialist and sub-specialist qualifications. Of these, 2176 candidates participated in examinations requiring SOEs which amounted to 7226 individual Zoom calls. A survey was conducted during the first cycle of examinations in 2020 to assess the acceptability of the examination format to candidates.Results: Pass rates ranged from 82% to 96% for the respective qualifications across two examination cycles. The overall pass rate for these 2 examination cycles was higher than that of the previous 6 examination cycles for the CMSA. The majority of 542 candidates who completed the survey felt that it was a fair examination method that tested their clinical reasoning and insight appropriately. They also felt that the case scenarios were of adequate complexity, and that the material was well presented. Conclusion: This ambitious undertaking has demonstrated that virtual, case-based SOEs are a feasible and acceptable examination option. It is anticipated that the positive outcome of this study, the significant time and cost savings to candidates, examiners and the organization will motivate member colleges to support the ongoing use of virtual SOEs as part of the composite examination package.
Nitrogen deposition changes the keystone taxa of soil microorganisms and indirectly affects plant aboveground biomass in desert steppe regions
Authors: He Ye , Hong Mei , Xu Xuehui , Liang Zhiwei , Jiang Na , Tu Nare , Wu Zhendan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims Nitrogen (N) deposition is an important component of global change and threatens terrestrial biodiversity. In past decades, the response of the relationship between plants and soil microbes to N deposition has attracted considerable attention. Keystone microbial taxa have been proven to provide nutrients for specific plant growth, especially in nutrient-poor desert steppe ecosystems. However, the effects of N deposition on plant and soil microbial community interactions in desert steppe regions remain poorly understood. Methods To investigate these effects, a six-year N-addition field experiment was conducted in a Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, Northwest China. Four N treatment levels (N0, N1, N2, and N3, corresponding to 0, 30, 50, and 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively) were applied to simulate atmospheric N deposition. Results The results showed that (1) after the six-year N deposition simulation, the plant aboveground biomass did not increase, but the plant community structure changed; (2) in desert steppes, the relationship between microorganism communities and Neopallasia pectinata was strengthened by N addition, while that between microorganism communities and S. breviflora was simplified; and (3) N deposition indirectly affected the plant biomass in desert grasslands, mainly along key-stone microbial taxa pathways. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that N deposition can alter plant community structures by affecting the relationships between plants and soil microorganisms in desert steppes. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the effects of atmospheric N deposition on the ecological health and function of desert steppes.
Effect of Trophectoderm Biopsy for PGT-A on Live Birth Rate per Embryo in Good Prognosis Patients
Authors: Awadalla Michael S , Agarwal Ravi , Ho Jacqueline R , McGinnis Lynda K , Ahmady Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine if blastocyst trophectoderm biopsy for PGT-A is associated with an increased rate of live birth per embryo in good prognosis IVF patients at a single center.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of good prognosis embryo transfer cycles at a single center from 1/1/2017 through 12/31/2019. We evaluated the rate of live birh per embryo with and without PGT-A for transfer of embryos in two groups of good prognosis patients: embryos from donor oocytes and embryos from autologous oocytes with maternal age less than 35 years at oocyte retrieval. 2-sided Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparisons between groups.Results: After transfer of embryos created from donor oocytes the live birth rate per euploid embryo was 70.6% (24/34) compared to 34.3% (35/102) for untested embryos for a rate difference of 36.3% (95% CI 18.4-54.1%, p < 0.01). After transfer of embros created from autologous oocytes with maternal age less than 35 years at oocyte retrieval the live birth rate per euploid embryo was 70.0% (49/70) compared to 52.5% (53/101) for untested embryos for a rate difference of 17.5% (95% CI 3.0-32.0%, p = 0.03).Conclusion: In good prognosis patients at our center the live birth rate per euploid blastocyst was higher than for untested blastocysts.