bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concept analysis of nurses in conflicts after World War II
Authors: Fink Anne M. , Milbrath Gwyneth R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimWe analysed nurses' experiences during military conflicts since World War II.BackgroundNurses have successfully reduced morbidity and mortality in populations affected by wars; despite centuries of nurses' global involvement in wars, there is limited knowledge about their experiences.MethodWe used Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis methodology to understand the antecedents, attributes, consequences, context and implications of nurses' war‐related experiences. We analysed data from quantitative and qualitative research, media reports, editorials, historical reviews and published accounts of nurses' experiences in many locations, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Korea, Kosovo, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Russia, Somalia, Ukraine and Vietnam.FindingsTwo antecedent conditions preceded nurses' war involvement: actively responding to human suffering and having resources for readiness. Nurses were defined by five attributes: sacrifice, resourcefulness, tunnel‐vision, survival mindset and comradery. We also found evidence for seven consequences; nurses saved lives (reduced morbidity and mortality), however, some nurses faced professional burnout/disillusionment, restricted practice authority, isolation and post‐traumatic stress after war. In addition, growth and pacifism were consequences for some nurses who were exposed to war.ConclusionThe findings of our concept analysis illustrate how nurses have fulfilled critical life‐saving roles, but some nurses' post‐war experiences were debilitating, stigmatized and unsupported. We conclude that research about the resourcefulness, innovations and resiliency nurses have developed during wars is essential, and professional support mechanisms must be developed to prevent post‐traumatic stress, burnout and attrition from the profession. Governments can use utilize the knowledge nurses developed during wars to expand emergency preparedness skillsets and promote nurses as the leaders of international efforts to promote peace.No Patient or Public ContributionPatients, service users, caregivers and members of the public were not involved in conducting this concept analysis or preparing the manuscript.Impact statement

By understanding nurses' involvement with post‐WWII conflicts, we have demonstrated the significant public health contributions, challenges and personal and professional growth experienced by nurses.

Nurses' war‐related knowledge should be utilized to innovate healthcare practices during disasters and to advise policymakers in developing, implementing and evaluating peace‐promoting operations.
Steam blanching and ethanol pretreatment enhance drying rates and improve the quality attributes of apple slices via microstructure modification
Authors: Lin Zina , Geng Zhihua , Liang Wenxin , Zhu Huacheng , Ye Jinghua , Wang Jun , Xu Huaide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of steam blanching (SB) and ethanol pretreatment (EP) (75–95% [v/v], 10–25 min) on the drying characteristics and quality attributes of apple slices with hot air drying (HD) (60°C, 1.5 m/s) was evaluated. The drying time was reduced by 10.71% and 19.64–47.32% with SB and various EPs compared with fresh; the drying rate and effective moisture diffusion coefficient significantly accelerated. EP resulted in a higher water loss and solid loss of the apple samples. Furthermore, EP greatly affected the rehydration rate and microstructure of dried apple slices. In addition, SB and EP played a positive role in improving the quality of dried apple slices, particularly a higher phytochemical concentration, and antioxidant activities compared with fresh, and EP groups exhibited higher retention of phenolic compounds. Besides, all the dried apple slices with SB and EPs showed a brighter color than the fresh. Therefore, SB and EP can be used as appropriate pretreatment methods for the HD of apples. This combination of the two pretreatment methods provides a theoretical basis for the pretreatment technology before drying of apple and broadens the train of thought in the selection of osmotic media.Novelty impact statementSteam blanching and ethanol pretreatments contribute to the drying rate and quality of apple slices. The pretreatments of E85T25 and E95T25 significantly shorten the drying time, E95T25 shows the highest retention of phenolic compounds, and E85T25 shows the highest phytochemical concentration. E85T25 and E95T25 are suitable pretreatment methods for the HD of apple slices.
High‐throughput genome editing in rice with a virus‐based surrogate system
Authors: Tian Yifu , Zhong Dating , Li Xinbo , Shen Rundong , Han Han , Dai Yuqin , Yao Qi , Zhang Xuening , Deng Qi , Cao Xuesong , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Lu Yuming 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWith the widespread use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease (Cas) technologies in plants, large‐scale genome editing is increasingly needed. Here, we developed a geminivirus‐mediated surrogate system, called Wheat Dwarf Virus‐Gate (WDV‐surrogate), to facilitate high‐throughput genome editing. WDV‐Gate has two parts: one is the recipient callus from a transgenic rice line expressing Cas9 and a mutated hygromycin‐resistant gene (HygM) for surrogate selection; the other is a WDV‐based construct expressing two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting HygM and a gene of interest, respectively. We evaluated WDV‐Gate on six rice loci by producing a total of 874 T0 plants. Compared with the conventional method, the WDV‐Gate system, which was characterized by a transient and high level of sgRNA expression, significantly increased editing frequency (66.8% vs. 90.1%), plantlet regeneration efficiency (2.31‐fold increase), and numbers of homozygous‐edited plants (36.3% vs. 70.7%). Large‐scale editing using pooled sgRNAs targeting the SLR1 gene resulted in a high editing frequency of 94.4%, further demonstrating its feasibility. We also tested WDV‐Gate on sequence knock‐in for protein tagging. By co‐delivering a chemically modified donor DNA with the WDV‐Gate plasmid, 3xFLAG peptides were successfully fused to three loci with an efficiency of up to 13%. Thus, by combining transiently expressed sgRNAs and a surrogate selection system, WDV‐Gate could be useful for high‐throughput gene knock‐out and sequence knock‐in.
The election of women as Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Club
Authors: Hamer Pam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Royal Microscopical Society received its charter in 1866 but it was not until the following century that women were elected as full Fellows of the Society. There is strong evidence that women were using microscopes and reporting scientific observations prior to this but the discussions among the gentlemen of the Society provide a window into the attitudes which prevailed at that time.
Longitudinal associations of neuroticism with life satisfaction and social adaptation in a nationally representative adult sample
Authors: Schunk Fabian , Trommsdorff Gisela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveCorrelational studies have frequently linked neuroticism to lower well‐being and poorer social adaptation. In this study, we examined the longitudinal associations of neuroticism with life satisfaction and aspects of social adaptation (i.e., loneliness, number of close friends, and interpersonal trust).MethodCross‐lagged panel models (CLPMs) and random intercepts cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) were used to analyze the prospective associations between variables in a nationally representative adult sample from Germany (N = 5,663 to 11,079 per analysis; 2–4 measurement waves with lags of 4–5 years).ResultsCLPMs indicated that higher neuroticism was related to lower life satisfaction, higher loneliness, fewer friends, and lower interpersonal trust, but not vice versa. At the within‐person level, RI‐CLPMs revealed similar findings with increased neuroticism predicting decreases in life satisfaction, increases in loneliness, and decreases in interpersonal trust. Indices of social adaptation partially mediated the link between neuroticism and life satisfaction at the between‐person but not at the within‐person level. Exploratory multigroup analyses support the generalization of the cross‐lagged effects of neuroticism on life satisfaction and social adaptation across age, gender, and geographical regions (East versus West Germany).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role of neuroticism in shaping psychosocial outcomes over time.
Long‐term decline of regions and the rise of populism: The case of Germany
Authors: Greve Maria , Fritsch Michael , Wyrwich Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat characterizes regions where right‐wing populist parties are relatively successful? A prominent hypothesis proposed in the emerging “geography of discontent” literature claims that places that are “left behind” constitute a breeding ground for the rise of populism. We re‐examine this hypothesis by analyzing the rise of populism in Germany. Our results suggest that high vote shares of populist parties are associated with the long‐term decline of a region's relative welfare, which goes beyond a lifespan of people inhabiting such “left behind” places. Moreover, we are able to show that a place‐based collective memory about past prosperity plays a crucial role in shaping present resentment. Finally, we find the education level of the regional population to be an important channel through which the collective memory about the past translates into populism support today.
Strengths of associations between depressive symptoms and loneliness, perfectionistic concerns, risky alcohol use and physical activity across levels of sleep quality in Swedish university students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Johansson Fred , Côté Pierre , Onell Clara , Källberg Henrik , Sundberg Tobias , Edlund Klara , Skillgate Eva 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPrevious research shows that sleep quality may interact with some other predictors of depression, such that poor sleep could strengthen the association between these factors and depression. We aimed to determine the presence of statistical interactions between sleep quality and loneliness, risky alcohol use, perfectionistic concerns and/or physical inactivity in relation to depressive symptoms. Further, we aimed to describe the functional form of the statistical interactions and associations. We used a cross‐sectional design and included 4262 Swedish university students. All measures were self‐reported, sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depressive symptoms with the short‐form Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Regression models of increasing complexity (linear and non‐linear, with and without interactions) were compared to determine the presence of associations and statistical interactions, and to explore the best functional form for these associations and interactions. Out‐of‐sample R2 from repeated cross‐validation was used to select the final models. We found that sleep quality was associated with depressive symptoms in all final models. Sleep quality showed a linear interaction with perfectionistic concerns in relation to depressive symptoms, such that perfectionistic concerns were more strongly associated with depressive symptoms when sleep quality was poor. Loneliness, risky alcohol use and physical inactivity were non‐linearly associated with depressive symptoms but did not interact with sleep quality. We concluded that out of the four examined variables, only perfectionistic concerns interacted with sleep quality in relation to depressive symptoms. This interaction was weak and explained little of the overall variance in depressive symptoms.
Incidence trends of acute viral hepatitis caused by four viral etiologies between 1990 and 2019 at the global, regional and national levels
Authors: Ouyang Guoqing , Pan Guangdong , Guan Linjing , Wu Yongrong , Lu Wuchang , Qin Chuang , Li Shuai , Xu Honglai , Yang Jianqing , Wen Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis is a major public health challenge and a leading cause of death worldwide. We aimed to study the cause‐specific incidence and temporal trends of acute viral hepatitis (AVH).MethodsData on AVH etiologies were available from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify temporal trend in AVH age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) by region, sex and aetiology.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of AVH increased by 8.02%, from 244 350 063 in 1990 to 263 951 645 in 2019, with an average decreasing ASIR of 0.52% (95% CI −0.58% to −0.45%) annually. The ASIR of AVH due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) decreased, while those of hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis E (HEV) remained stable, with EAPCs (95% CI) of −1.47 (−1.58 to −1.36), 0 (−0.09 to 0.09), −0.35 (−0.83 to −0.13), and −0.16 (−0.41 to 0.09) respectively. Although the number of new AVH cases increased in the low sociodemographic index (SDI), low‐middle SDI regions, the ASIRs decreased in all five SDI regions. Globally, HAV and HBV are the leading causes of acute hepatitis. The EAPC is significantly associated with a baseline ASIR of less than 5500 per 100 000 population (ρ = −0.44), and with the 2019 human development index (HDI) (ρ = 0.16) for AVH.ConclusionsAlthough the ASIR of AVH showed a generally decreasing trend, the burden of AVH remains a major public health challenge globally. The findings may be helpful for policymakers in establishing appropriate policies to reduce the viral hepatitis burden.
Using Proline Synthetase and BT gene to improve soybean (Glycine max) drought and insect resistance
Authors: Huimin Cui , Shuo Qu , Lamboro Abraham , Yaolei Jiao , Qi Cai , Piwu Wang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn agricultural production, developing a high yield with good quality and a stable yield are significant goals. To meet the aim of agriculture and produce high‐yielding, drought‐resistant and insect‐resistant varieties are preferred in the breeding of soybean. The pCAMBIA3301 plasmid was used as the base vector, and an overexpression vector containing the proline synthase gene Fu‐1 was recombined. The Fu‐1 gene was genetically transformed into the high‐generation (T7 generation) containing CryAb13‐1 transgene via the pollen tube channel method. Soybean was used to create a novel material that is insect resistant as well as drought‐resistant. Traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification was used to identify the transformed T2 generation plants, and Southern blot hybridization (SBH) and fluorescence quantitative PCR were used for detection. The test results showed that there were 10 positive plants in the T2 generation plants that were detected by common PCR. SBH results showed that Fu‐1 and CryAb13‐1 genes were integrated into soybean in the type of a single copy. The expression levels of Fu‐1 and CryAb13‐1 genes were variable in different tissues, according to the results of fluorescence quantitative PCR. In soybean roots, stems and leaves, the average expression levels of the Fu‐1 gene were 4.43, 1.86 and 2.51, respectively. CryAb13‐1 gene was expressed in roots. The average expression levels in roots, stem and leaf were 1.80, 1.38 and 5.28, respectively. The highest expression level was found in leaves in different soybean tissues. The indoor drought resistance identification showed that the water content, relative conductivity, POD activity, SOD activity, MDA and Pro content of the transformed plants after seven days of stress were significantly changed, and the drought resistance ability was significantly improved. Hence, we obtained a new soybean that can resist both drought and insect.
Tomato deploys defence and growth simultaneously to resist bacterial wilt disease
Authors: Meline Valerian , Hendrich Connor G. , Truchon Alicia N. , Caldwell Denise , Hiles Rachel , Leuschen‐Kohl Rebecca , Tran Tri , Mitra Raka M. , Allen Caitilyn , Iyer‐Pascuzzi Anjali S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant disease limits crop production, and host genetic resistance is a major means of control. Plant pathogenicRalstoniacauses bacterial wilt disease and is best controlled with resistant varieties. Tomato wilt resistance is multigenic, yet the mechanisms of resistance remain largely unknown. We combined metaRNAseq analysis and functional experiments to identify coreRalstonia‐responsive genes and the corresponding biological mechanisms in wilt‐resistant and wilt‐susceptible tomatoes. While trade‐offs between growth and defence are common in plants, wilt‐resistant plants activated both defence responses and growth processes. Measurements of innate immunity and growth, including reactive oxygen species production and root system growth, respectively, validated that resistant plants executed defence‐related processes at the same time they increased root growth. In contrast, in wilt‐susceptible plants roots senesced and root surface area declined followingRalstoniainoculation. Wilt‐resistant plants repressed genes predicted to negatively regulate water stress tolerance, while susceptible plants repressed genes predicted to promote water stress tolerance. Our results suggest that wilt‐resistant plants can simultaneously promote growth and defence by investing in resources that act in both processes. Infected susceptible plants activate defences, but fail to grow and so succumb toRalstonia, likely because they cannot tolerate the water stress induced by vascular wilt.
Enhancing solidarity among Europeans: Toward a political reappraisal of theEUand its citizenship
Authors: Ghibellini Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the EU's ability to mobilize European citizens in its favor and counteract such phenomena as nationalism, populism, and “sovereignism” has significantly decreased. Consequently, the suggestion has been made that the EU's social dimension should be enhanced and its citizenship be made more salient in that regard. Such a suggestion has become even more topical after the COVID‐19 outbreak and the strain it has placed on the health‐care systems and economies of EU member states. Starting from a debate which addresses that suggestion, in this article I argue that, before attempting to enhance its social dimension, the EU should first try to strengthen its still weak political foundations in order to cope with its predicament. The article also shows that this move would be consistent with the rationale behind the European integration process, where economic issues were originally regarded as only means to achieve an ever‐closer political union.Related ArticlesBarrault‐Stella, Lorenzo, and Thomas Douniès. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Citizenship as a Tool of Government in Europe.”Politics & Policy49(4): 824–41.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12423.Ewert, Benjamin. 2021. “Citizenship as a Form of Anticipatory Obedience? Implications of Preventive Health Policy in Germany.”Politics & Policy49(4): 891–912.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12421.McBeth, Mark K., Donna L. Lybecker, and Kacee A. Garner. 2010. “The Story of Good Citizenship: Framing Public Policy in the Context of Duty‐Based versus Engaged Citizenship.”Politics & Policy38(1): 1–23.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00226.x.
Emotive facets of place meet urban analytics
Authors: Acedo Albert , González‐Pérez Alberto , Granell Carlos , Casteleyn Sven 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe lack of a well‐established and unified place theory across disciplines is decelerating its formalization, evolution, and especially its pragmatic implications and applicability. In this article, we identify research gaps in the emotive facets of place scholarship. We found that it: (1) rarely joins physical, social, and individual variables in the same model; (2) omits the immediately perceived and sensory dimensions; (3) disregards the analysis of how individual–place emotive relationships vary across time; and (4) overlooks the difficulties of reducing multifaceted emotive facets of place into geographic features. Next, we examine these research gaps through the lens of technology‐based advancements in urban analytics. Finally, we discuss the need to combine social‐oriented research and (spatial) data‐driven disciplines to enrich and expand the research area of emotive facets of place and connected disciplines.
A Novel Yield Criterion for Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Irmak Firat , Hanekom Kevin , Torkaman Alex , Gordon Ali P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the significant evolution of modern gas turbine engines, selection of high-temperature resistant alloys in the hot section is known to be the fundamental solution to enhance the capabilities of these engines. In general, the high-temperature components are mainly comprised of polycrystalline, directionally solidified, and single crystal superalloys. Single crystal (SX) superalloys were developed in the 1980s to achieve high fatigue resistance and substantial creep rupture strength by eliminating grain boundaries. Directional solidification methods enabled the solidification arrangement of the materials to be comprised of columnar grains which are aligned parallel to the 〈001〉 direction. These casting types have been frequently used with nickel-based superalloys (NBSAs) to develop modern gas turbine blades. In this work, the yield behavior of generic SX and directionally solidified (DS) NBSAs is studied. By observing various SX and DS alloys, it was concluded with need for a novel criterion that can present anisotropic and tensile/compressive asymmetric yield surfaces. This novel criterion is comprised of the criterion proposed by Hill for anisotropic materials and the method developed by Drucker and Prager for alloys that have different tensile and compressive yield strengths. Additional terms to Hill's criterion are introduced to capture the coupling effect of normal stress and shear stress when the applied loads are not in the direction of principal axes of the material coordinate system for single crystal alloys. The parameters for the criterion are obtained from simple uniaxial tension and compression experiments. Results are compared with various well-established yield criterions. Additionally, the novel criterion is utilized to capture the effective stress and strain of multi-axial loading of turbine blades under nonisothermal conditions
Shape-Adaptive Electrostatic Soft Gripper With Transform Mechanism for Multifunctional Grips
Authors: Jung Ho Sang , Kim Ji Yeop , Yang Sang Yul , Kim Kihyeon , Park Jae Hyeong , Gong Young Jin , Moon Seung Jae , Choi Hyouk Ryeol 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a shape-adaptive electroadhesion dielectric elastomer actuator (EA-DEA) pad gripper that can actively adapt to the shape of curved objects and quickly handle various objects by combining an EA pad and a multi-layered DEA driven by electrostatic force. This gripper has a rapid release function capable of detaching thin and light objects in less than 0.2 s with bending motion of multi-layered DEA and reverse polarity voltage. Moreover, combined with a transform mechanism that changes the posture of the EA-DEA pad gripper, a multifunctional gripper handling various objects from thin to irregularly shaped objects is implemented. The high voltage controller is configured to generate the variable and reversible voltages required for the control of the developed gripper. To verify the performance and practicality of the proposed multifunctional gripper system, we demonstrate the gripping task in three modes formed by controlling the EA-DEA pad gripper and the transform mechanism to adapt to the object shape. According to the experimental results, this gripper can reliably and rapidly pick and place various objects, such as thin film, hexahedron, cylinders, spheres, irregular shaped, deformable, and fragile objects corresponding to each mode.