bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum qAnti‐HBc combined with ALT and HBsAg predicts significant hepatic inflammation in HBeAg‐positive immune active patients
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Gao Xiuzhu , Wu Ruihong , Chi Xiumei , Xu Hongqin , Guan Yazhe , Jin Qinglong , Niu Junqi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimQuantitative hepatitis B core antibody (qAnti‐HBc) level has been reported to predict significant liver inflammation in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients. However, little evidence has been revealed that qAnti‐HBc alone or with other serum parameters in predicting moderate to severe hepatic inflammation in HBeAg‐positive immune active patients treated with entecavir (ETV).MethodsA total of 142 patients with HBeAg‐positive immune active hepatitis were recruited in our study. Serum liver biochemistry, qAnti‐HBc, hepatitis B virus markers, and liver inflammation were evaluated during 48‐week ETV treatment. The association between liver inflammation grades and serum markers was systematically analyzed.ResultsThe patients with moderate to severe inflammation (≥ G2) had a significantly higher level of qAnti‐HBc compared with those with no to mild liver inflammation patients (< G2). The levels of qAnti‐HBc and alanine transaminase (ALT) were positively correlated with hepatic inflammation grades, and qAnti‐HBc had a better correlation than ALT, whereas HBsAg was negatively correlated with hepatic inflammation grades before treatment. After 48‐week ETV treatment, no correlation was observed between hepatic inflammation grades and qAnti‐HBc, ALT, or HBsAg. The combination of qAnti‐HBc, ALT, and HBsAg had better performance in predicting significant liver inflammation (≥ G2) than qAnti‐HBc alone or its combination with ALT.ConclusionSerum qAnti‐HBc levels were positively correlated with hepatic inflammation grades before treatment, but no positive correlation between them was observed after 48‐week treatment. The level of qAnti‐HBc combined with ALT and HBsAg may serve as a more reliable marker for identifying significant liver inflammation before treatment in HBeAg‐positive immune active patients.
Nutritional risk screening in a Danish university hospital is insufficient and may underestimate nutritional risk: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Thomsen Tina Krogh , Pedersen Jette Lindegaard , Sloth Bente , Damsgaard Else Marie , Rud Charlotte Lock , Hvas Christian Lodberg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisease‐related‐malnutrition predicts poor clinical outcomes in elderly patients, and screening is pivotal for identifying patients at nutritional risk. The present study aimed to investigate nutrition screening rates in electronic patient records and validate the scores given. A secondary aim was to investigate whether the proportion of patients at risk differed between patients where screening was documented and those where no screening was documented.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in a Danish university hospital during November 2020. Patients aged 65 years or more admitted to a medical department were included. The Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS‐2002) tool was used to identify patients at nutritional risk, both in routine clinical care, where data were collected retrospectively, and during a validation process in a random patient sample, where data were collected prospectively.ResultsIn total, 817 patients were admitted for more than 24 h. Of these, an NRS‐2002 score was documented in 294 (36%), among whom 177 (60%) were at nutritional risk. In 146 patients where no score was documented, 88 (60%) were at risk. Validation was possible in 91 patients where a record‐based score and a validated score were documented. The specificity of the record‐based score was 100%, whereas the sensitivity was 75%, indicating that routine screening underestimated nutritional risk (p < 0.001, proportion difference 19%; 95% confidence interval = 10%–28%).ConclusionsElectronic documentation does not solve issues about compliance with nutritional risk screening. In patients where screening was not documented, the occurrence of nutritional risk was similar, indicating that omission of screening is not related to the score.
A comparative phylogenomic analysis of birds reveals heterogeneous differentiation processes among Neotropical savannas
Authors: Lima‐Rezende Cássia A. , Cabanne Gustavo S. , Rocha Amanda V. , Carboni Martin , Zink Robert M. , Caparroz Renato 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to evaluate biogeographical hypotheses of diversification and connection between isolated savannas north (Amazonian savannas) and south (Cerrado core) of the Amazon River. To achieve this, we used genomic markers (genotyping‐by‐sequencing) to evaluate the genetic structure, population phylogenetic relationships and historical range shifts of four Neotropical passerines with peri‐Atlantic distributions: the narrow‐billed woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes angustirostris), the plain‐crested elaenia (Elaenia cristata), the grassland sparrow (Ammodramus humeralis) and the white‐banded tanager (Neothraupis fasciata). Population genetic analyses indicated that landscape (e.g., geographic distance, landscape resistance and percentage of tree cover) and climate metrics explained divergence among populations in most species, but without indicating a differential role between current and historical factors. Our results did not fully support the hypothesis that isolated populations in Amazonian savannas have been recently derived from the Cerrado core domain. Intraspecific phylogenies and gene flow analyses supported multiple routes of connection between the Cerrado and Amazonian savannas, rejecting the hypothesis that the Atlantic corridor explains the peri‐Atlantic distribution. Our results reveal that the biogeographical history of the region is complex and cannot be explained by simple vicariant models.
Genomic insights into variation in thermotolerance between hybridizing swordtail fishes
Authors: Payne Cheyenne , Bovio Richard , Powell Daniel L. , Gunn Theresa R. , Banerjee Shreya M. , Grant Victoria , Rosenthal Gil G. , Schumer Molly 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how organisms adapt to changing environments is a core focus of research in evolutionary biology. One common mechanism is adaptive introgression, which has received increasing attention as a potential route to rapid adaptation in populations struggling in the face of ecological change, particularly global climate change. However, hybridization can also result in deleterious genetic interactions that may limit the benefits of adaptive introgression. Here, we used a combination of genome‐wide quantitative trait locus mapping and differential gene expression analyses between the swordtail fish species Xiphophorus malinche and X. birchmanni to study the consequences of hybridization on thermotolerance. While these two species are adapted to different thermal environments, we document a complicated architecture of thermotolerance in hybrids. We identify a region of the genome that contributes to reduced thermotolerance in individuals heterozygous for X. malinche and X. birchmanni ancestry, as well as widespread misexpression in hybrids of genes that respond to thermal stress in the parental species, particularly in the circadian clock pathway. We also show that a previously mapped hybrid incompatibility between X. malinche and X. birchmanni contributes to reduced thermotolerance in hybrids. Together, our results highlight the challenges of understanding the impact of hybridization on complex ecological traits and its potential impact on adaptive introgression.
Lost data neural semantic recovery framework for structural health monitoring based on deep learning
Authors: Jiang Kejie , Han Qiang , Du Xiuli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStructural condition perception is a crucial step in structural health monitoring (SHM). Random loss or corruption of sensing data seriously hinders the reliability of the monitoring system. This paper discusses the recovery of randomly lost data in SHM from the perspective of conditional probability generation. A novel data‐driven neural semantic recovery framework is proposed, transforming data recovery into a conditional probability modeling problem. This framework uses deep fully convolutional neural networks with an encoder–decoder architecture to capture the overall semantic features of the vibration data, allowing accurate modeling of the behavior of complex conditional probability distributions. Advanced techniques such as dense connections, skip connections, and residual connections significantly improved the network's parameter utilization and recovery performance. Moreover, a novel perceptual loss function is proposed, enabling the network to integrate data loss patterns effectively. The proposed network can be trained end‐to‐end in a self‐supervised manner and perform efficient inferences. Based on the long‐term measured acceleration response under the ambient excitation of a pedestrian bridge, the recovery performance and robustness of the model are sufficiently verified and evaluated. The network exhibits excellent recovery accuracy and robustness, even if the loss ratio is as high as 90%. Preliminary evaluation results show that the proposed model can be seamlessly transferred to scenarios with continuous data loss without retraining the network. Finally, the application prospects of the framework in modal identification and anomaly monitoring of structural conditions are demonstrated.
Development of health belief in emerging infectious respiratory disease preventive behaviors' scale
Authors: Cha Hyosung , Lee Kyungmi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe developed a psychometric scale based on the Health Belief Model to predict preventive behaviors against emerging respiratory infectious diseases and verified its validity and reliability. Initial items on five constructs of the Health Belief Model were derived through focus group interviews and a literature review. These items were revised and supplemented through expert consultation to verify content validity. Data were collected from June 27, 2021, to July 5, 2021. We used the data of 201 adults aged 19–65 years for item analysis and assessment of construct, convergent, and discriminant validities and reliability. The final Health Belief in Emerging Infectious Respiratory Disease Preventive Behaviors' Scale (HB‐EIRD Preventive Behaviors' Scale) included 23 items on five factors, and cumulative explanatory variation was 63.0%. The fit indices were acceptable. Cronbach's α was 0.77. The scale can be scored 23–92; a higher score indicates stronger preventive behaviors. The HB‐EIRD Preventive Behaviors' Scale can be used to evaluate patients' health beliefs and predict preventive behaviors against emerging respiratory infectious diseases. This foundational knowledge can facilitate disease prevention and promote public health measures.
A trait–environment relationship approach to participatory plant breeding for organic agriculture
Authors: Rolhauser Andrés G. , Windfeld Emma , Hanson Solveig , Wittman Hannah , Thoreau Chris , Lyon Alexandra , Isaac Marney E. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

The extent of intraspecific variation in trait–environment relationships is an open question with limited empirical support in crops. In organic agriculture, with high environmental heterogeneity, this knowledge could guide breeding programs to optimize crop attributes. We propose a three‐dimensional framework involving crop performance, crop traits, and environmental axes to uncover the multidimensionality of trait–environment relationships within a crop.

We modeled instantaneous photosynthesis (Asat) and water‐use efficiency (WUE) as functions of four phenotypic traits, three soil variables, five carrot (Daucus carota) varieties, and their interactions in a national participatory plant breeding program involving a suite of farms across Canada. We used these interactions to describe the resulting 12 trait–environment relationships across varieties.

We found one significant trait–environment relationship for Asat (taproot tissue density–soil phosphorus), which was consistent across varieties. For WUE, we found that three relationships (petiole diameter–soil nitrogen, petiole diameter–soil phosphorus, and leaf area–soil phosphorus) varied significantly across varieties. As a result, WUE was maximized by different combinations of trait values and soil conditions depending on the variety.

Our three‐dimensional framework supports the identification of functional traits behind the differential responses of crop varieties to environmental variation and thus guides breeding programs to optimize crop attributes from an eco‐evolutionary perspective.
Leaf spectroscopy reveals divergent inter‐ and intra‐species foliar trait covariation and trait–environment relationships across NEON domains
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Townsend Philip A. , Kruger Eric L. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Concurrent measurement of multiple foliar traits to assess the full range of trade‐offs among and within taxa and across broad environmental gradients is limited. Leaf spectroscopy can quantify a wide range of foliar functional traits, enabling assessment of interrelationships among traits and with the environment.

We analyzed leaf trait measurements from 32 sites along the wide eco‐climatic gradient encompassed by the US National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). We explored the relationships among 14 foliar traits of 1103 individuals across and within species, and with environmental factors.

Across all species pooled, the relationships between leaf economic traits (leaf mass per area, nitrogen) and traits indicative of defense and stress tolerance (phenolics, nonstructural carbohydrates) were weak, but became strong within certain species. Elevation, mean annual temperature and precipitation weakly predicted trait variation across species, although some traits exhibited species‐specific significant relationships with environmental factors.

Foliar functional traits vary idiosyncratically and species express diverse combinations of leaf traits to achieve fitness. Leaf spectroscopy offers an effective approach to quantify intra‐species trait variation and covariation, and potentially could be used to improve the characterization of vegetation in Earth system models.
Stalk cell polar ion transport provide for bladder‐based salinity tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Bazihizina Nadia , Böhm Jennifer , Messerer Maxim , Stigloher Christian , Müller Heike M. , Cuin Tracey Ann , Maierhofer Tobias , Cabot Joan , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Fella Christian , Huang Shouguang , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Alquraishi Saleh , Breadmore Michael , Mancuso Stefano , Shabala Sergey , Ache Peter , Zhang Heng , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Hedrich Rainer , Scherzer Sönke 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Chenopodium quinoa uses epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) to sequester excess salt. Each EBC complex consists of a leaf epidermal cell, a stalk cell, and the bladder.

Under salt stress, sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), potassium (K+) and various metabolites are shuttled from the leaf lamina to the bladders. Stalk cells operate as both a selectivity filter and a flux controller.

In line with the nature of a transfer cell, advanced transmission electron tomography, electrophysiology, and fluorescent tracer flux studies revealed the stalk cell’s polar organization and bladder‐directed solute flow.

RNA sequencing and cluster analysis revealed the gene expression profiles of the stalk cells. Among the stalk cell enriched genes, ion channels and carriers as well as sugar transporters were most pronounced. Based on their electrophysiological fingerprint and thermodynamic considerations, a model for stalk cell transcellular transport was derived.
Modifying the blood–brain barrier by targeting claudin‐5: Safety and risks
Authors: Wakayama Erika , Kuzu Taiki , Tachibana Keisuke , Hirayama Ryuichi , Okada Yoshiaki , Kondoh Masuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier is a major obstacle to the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system. In the blood–brain barrier, the spaces between adjacent brain microvascular endothelial cells are sealed by multiprotein complexes known as tight junctions. Among the many components of the tight junction, claudin‐5 has received the most attention as a target for loosening the tight‐junction seal and allowing drugs to be delivered to the brain. In mice, transient knockdown of claudin‐5 and the use of claudin‐5 binders have been shown to enhance the permeation of small molecules from the blood into the brain without apparent adverse effects. However, sustained knockdown of claudin‐5 in mice is lethal within 40 days, and administration of an anti‐claudin‐5 antibody induced convulsions in a nonhuman primate. Here, we review the safety concerns of claudin‐5–targeted technologies with respect to their clinical application.
Novel spinal cord stimulation system with a Battery‐Free micro‐implantable pulse generator
Authors: Malinowski Mark N. , Heit Gary , Poree Lawrence R. , Makous James , Amirdelfan Kasra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is effective for the treatment of chronic intractable pain of the trunk and limbs. The mechanism of action may be based, at least in part, upon the gate control theory; however, new waveforms may suggest other mechanisms. Although benefits of the SCS technology generally outweigh the complications associated with SCS, some complications such as infection and skin erosion over the implant can result in device removal. Additional reasons for device removal, such as pocket pain and battery depletion, have driven technological innovations including battery‐free implants and device miniaturization. The neurostimulation system described here was specifically designed to address complications commonly associated with implantable batteries and/or larger implantable devices. The benefits of the small size are further augmented by a minimally invasive implant procedure. Usability data show that patients found this novel neurostimulation system to be easy to use and comfortable to wear. What is more, clinical data demonstrate that the use of this system provides statistically significant reduction in pain scores with responder rates (defined as ≥50% reduction in pain) of 78% in the low back and 83% in the leg(s). Advances in miniaturization technology arose from the considerable shrinkage of the integrated circuit, with an increase in performance, according to Moore's law (1965). However, commensurate improvements in battery technology have not maintained a similar pace. This has prompted some manufacturers to place the battery outside, against the skin, thereby allowing a massive reduction in the implant volume, with the hopes of fewer device‐related complications.
Late blight resistance in wild potato species—Resources for future potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding
Authors: Blossei Johanna , Gäbelein Roman , Hammann Thilo , Uptmoor Ralf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLate blight remains the most devastating disease in potato cultivation. The best protection against this disease could be achieved by durably resistant cultivars, but these do not exist at present. To advance resistance breeding, the search for resistant wild potato species and the characterization of their resistance is important. There have recently been a number of new developments in this area. For this reason, all wild potato species known to the authors in which resistance has been found to date are listed in this article with their respective genes and QTL. Lastly, an overview is given, how these new resistance sources can be used for future resistance breeding.
Diagnostic approach to tinea capitis with kerion: A retrospective study
Authors: Shemer Avner , Lyakhovitsky Anna , Kaplan Baruch , Kassem Riad , Daniel Ralph , Caspi Tomm , Galili Eran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundKerion is an inflammatory type of tinea capitis manifesting as boggy crusted nodules. Diagnosis of kerion is often challenging due to high rates of false‐negative mycological samples.MethodsA retrospective study among children with kerion, prior to antifungal treatment, was conducted to assess rates of false‐negative mycological samples. Specimens for direct microscopy and fungal culture were collected at baseline and after administration of an oral antibiotic course, with or without an oral steroid course. Kerion was categorized as highly inflammatory when a painful, moist scalp nodule with spontaneous purulent discharge or exuberant crust was present, or mildly inflammatory when an erythematous, dry scalp nodule was seen.ResultsTwenty‐three children (mean age 7.9 ± 3.0 years) were included in the study. Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common species isolated (69.6%). Highly inflammatory kerions were significantly more likely to be culture negative before treatment than mildly inflammatory kerions (80% vs. 16.7%, p < .01). Non‐inflammatory tinea capitis lesions (n = 13) were culture positive in all cases. Following a combined oral antibiotic and steroid course given to most highly inflammatory kerions (n = 11/13), higher rates of positive fungal cultures were found compared to baseline (90.9% vs. 18.2%, p < .01).ConclusionHigh rates of negative fungal cultures were found only in highly inflammatory kerion. Sampling a highly inflammatory kerion after a combined oral antibiotic and steroid course improved rates of positive fungal cultures. In addition, sampling of non‐inflammatory tinea capitis lesions (when present in addition to the kerion) had the highest culture sensitivity.
Two cases of mammary acinic cell carcinomas with microglandular structures mimicking microglandular adenosis
Authors: Yu Fang , Niu Li , Wang Bicheng , Fan Wei , Xu Jian , Chen Qiongrong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) of breast is a rare subtype of triple‐negative breast carcinoma demonstrating a wide morphologic spectrum. In this study, we perform a detailed morphologic and immunohistochemical description of two cases of the rare entity and review the published relative literature. Histologically, the two cases both showed predominantly microglandular and solid structures overlapping with the histological features of microglandular adenosis (MGA), and one case presented spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma with chondromyxoid matrix as a minor morphologic pattern. In two cases, most of the cancer cells were positive for lysozyme and antitrypsin strongly and extensively, but negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptors (AR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The true relationship between breast AcCC and MGA or carcinoma arising in MGA(CAMGA) may remain unclear; re‐excision is advised when the MGA‐like content extends to the surgical margins in the setting of breast AcCC. More cases and further molecular investigations are required to elucidate the true histogenesis and give the patients appropriate treatment.