bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of diffusion and reaction processes during the staining of tissue sections on slides
Authors: Menning Johannes D. M. , Wallmersperger Thomas , Meinhardt Matthias , Ehrenhofer Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistological slides are an important tool in the diagnosis of tumors as well as of other diseases that affect cell shapes and distributions. Until now, the research concerning an optimal staining time has been mainly done empirically. In experimental investigations, it is often not possible to stain an already-stained slide with another stain to receive further information. To overcome these challenges, in the present paper a continuum-based model was developed for conducting a virtual (re-)staining of a scanned histological slide. This model is capable of simulating the staining of cell nuclei with the dye hematoxylin (C.I. 75,290). The transport and binding of the dye are modeled (i) along with the resulting RGB intensities (ii). For (i), a coupled diffusion–reaction equation is used and for (ii) Beer–Lambert’s law. For the spatial discretization an approach based on the finite element method (FEM) is used and for the time discretization a finite difference method (FDM). For the validation of the proposed model, frozen sections from human liver biopsies stained with hemalum were used. The staining times were varied so that the development of the staining intensity could be observed over time. The results show that the model is capable of predicting the staining process. The model can therefore be used to perform a virtual (re-)staining of a histological sample. This allows a change of the staining parameters without the need of acquiring an additional sample. The virtual standardization of the staining is the first step towards universal cross-site comparability of histological slides.
Are protected areas working for endangered frogs in the Peruvian Andes?
Authors: Watson Andrew S. , Castillo Luis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAssessments of the performance of protected-area (PA) networks for aquatic biodiversity conservation are rare yet essential for successful conservation of species. This is especially crucial in highly biodiverse, developing tropical countries where biodiversity loss is most pronounced. We assessed a PA network in the central Andes of Peru that encompasses parts of the geographical distribution of two endangered, endemic, high-elevation Telmatobius frogs. Sites within and beyond PA boundaries were classified into three different PA types: (a) strict-use (prohibits use by local inhabitants), (b) multi-use (allows some use by local inhabitants), and (c) unprotected (no restrictions). We conducted spatial analysis of species distributions, quantified species abundances and population trends, and measured potential threats and ecological integrity in each PA type. Spatial analysis indicated range contractions of 57.7% (T. macrostomus) and 69.0% (T. brachydactylus). Defaunation rates and species abundances in PAs were similar to those outside PAs. Poaching, livestock, and solid waste were the predominant threats. Analysis of ecological integrity indicated that strict-use sites had greater biotic index and habitat assessment scores compared to multi-use sites. These results suggest that despite benefits of greater ecological integrity in strict-use PAs, protection type has little effect on the conservation of aquatic species by itself. Protected areas are unlikely to be effective without better management of the trade-offs between cultural activities and biodiversity conservation. For PA networks to be of better conservation value for aquatic biodiversity in the developing world, they should be community-oriented and connect high-quality habitats, with their borders defined by catchments.
An implicit symplectic solver for high-precision long-term integrations of the Solar System
Authors: Antoñana M. , Alberdi E. , Makazaga J. , Murua A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present FCIRK16, a 16th-order implicit symplectic integrator for long-term high-precision Solar System simulations. Our integrator takes advantage of the near-Keplerian motion of the planets around the Sun by alternating Keplerian motions with corrections accounting for the planetary interactions. Compared to other symplectic integrators (the Wisdom and Holman map and its higher-order generalizations) that also take advantage of the hierarchical nature of the motion of the planets around the central star, our methods require solving implicit equations at each time-step. We claim that, despite this disadvantage, FCIRK16 is more efficient than explicit symplectic integrators for high-precision simulations thanks to: (i) its high order of precision, (ii) its easy parallelization, and (iii) its efficient mixed-precision implementation which reduces the effect of roundoff errors. In addition, unlike typical explicit symplectic integrators for near-Keplerian problems, FCIRK16 is able to integrate problems with arbitrary perturbations (non-necessarily split as a sum of integrable parts). We present a novel analysis of the effect of close encounters in the leading term of the local discretization errors of our integrator. Based on that analysis, a mechanism to detect and refine integration steps that involve close encounters is incorporated in our code. That mechanism allows FCIRK16 to accurately resolve close encounters of arbitrary bodies. We illustrate our treatment of close encounters with the application of FCIRK16 to a point-mass Newtonian 15-body model of the Solar System (with the Sun, the eight planets, Pluto, and five main asteroids) and a 16-body model treating the Moon as a separate body. We also present some numerical comparisons of FCIRK16 with a state-of-the-art high-order explicit symplectic scheme for 16-body model that demonstrate the superiority of our integrator when very high precision is required.
Effectiveness of Random Field Approach in Serviceability Limit State Analysis of Strip Foundation
Authors: Winkelmann Karol , Żyliński Kamil , Korzec Aleksandra , Górski Jarosław 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work conducts a probabilistic inquiry on how the variability of the parameter defining soil deformability affects the settlement of the foundation located on the soil. The analysis addresses the random foundation model to relevantly estimate the probability of allowable deflection exceedance. The constitutive model parameter is based either on a single random variable or a random field. The computations incorporate direct Monte Carlo sampling and the variance reduction techniques, i.e. Stratified Sampling and Latin Hypercube Sampling. The work focuses on soil parameter modelling by random fields defined by various correlation functions. One of the analytical means is the application of a non-homogeneous function capable of reflecting the soil strata. The probabilistic methods proposed in the paper are tested on a standard example of a foundation strip featuring load eccentricity. It is proved that the modelling mode of the soil—a single variable or a random field—substantially affects the results, i.e. foundation settlements. It was detected that incorporating random fields in soil analysis allows for a valid reliability assessment of a foundation in respect to Serviceability Limit State. The relevantly adjusted correlation functions of random fields allow for a realistic subsoil analysis even in the case of a limited in situ measurement database.
An unsupervised defect detection model for a dry carbon fiber textile
Authors: Szarski Martin , Chauhan Sunita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInspection of dry carbon textiles is a key step to ensure quality in aerospace manufacturing. Due to the rarity and variety of defects, collecting a comprehensive defect dataset is difficult, while collecting ‘normal’ data is comparatively easy. In this paper, we present an unsupervised defect detection method for carbon fiber textiles that meets four key criteria for industrial applicability: using only ‘normal’ data, achieving high accuracy even on small and subtle defects, allowing visual interpretation, and achieving real-time performance. We combine a Visual Transformer Encoder and a Normalizing Flow to gather global context from input images and directly produce an image likelihood which is then used as an anomaly score. We demonstrate that when trained on only 150 normal samples, our method correctly detects 100% of anomalies with a 0% false positive rate on a industrial carbon fabric dataset with 34 real defect samples, including subtle stray fiber defects covering only 1% image area where previous methods are shown to fail. We validate the performance on the large public defect dataset MVTec-AD Textures, where we outperform previous work by 4–10%, proving the applicability of our method to other domains. Additionally, we propose a method to extract interpretable anomaly maps from Visual Transformer Attention Rollout and Image Likelihood Gradients that produces convincing explanations for detected anomalies. Finally, we show that the inference time for the model is acceptable at 32 ms, achieving real-time performance.
The Roles of Social Media Use and Friendship Quality in Adolescents’ Internalizing Problems and Well-being
Authors: Luijten Chantie Charissa , van de Bongardt Daphne , Nieboer Anna Petra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdolescents spend increasing amounts of time using social media, but whether social media use has a beneficial or harmful role in internalizing problems and well-being during adolescence remains under debate. The present study explored associations of social media use and friendship quality with adolescents’ internalizing problems and well-being both concurrently and longitudinally, including the exploration of interactive effects between social media use and friendship quality and the examination of gender differences. Online questionnaire data collected in Spring 2018 and Spring 2019 from 1,298 Dutch adolescents aged 11–17 years (mean age 13.7 ± 1.1 years, 53.2% girls) were used. Path analyses showed that, cross-sectionally, girls (not boys) who used social media more frequently had more internalizing problems and lower well-being. Boys and girls with higher-quality friendships reported fewer concurrent internalizing problems and higher concurrent and longitudinal well-being; the association with internalizing problems was significantly stronger for girls as for boys. We found no significant interaction between social media use and friendship quality. Thus, the present study indicates that social media use and friendship quality have unique roles in adolescents’ internalizing problems and well-being. Furthermore, the findings support the importance of gender-specific approaches to decrease adolescents’ internalizing problems and enhance their well-being.
A constructive branch-and-bound algorithm for the project duration problem with partially renewable resources and general temporal constraints
Authors: Watermeyer Kai , Zimmermann Jürgen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with partially renewable resources and general temporal constraints with the objective to minimize the project duration. The consideration of partially renewable resources allows to integrate the decision about the availability of a resource for a specific time period into the scheduling process. Together with general temporal constraints, which permit to establish minimum and maximum time lags between activities, even more aspects of real-life projects can be taken into account. We present a branch-and-bound algorithm for the stated problem that is based on a serial schedule-generation scheme. For the first time it is shown how a dominance criterion can be applied on the associated generation scheme to reduce the start times in each scheduling step. To improve the performance of the solution procedure, we integrate consistency tests and lower bounds from the literature and devise new pruning techniques. In a comprehensive experimental performance analysis we compare our exact solution procedure with all available branch-and-bound algorithms for partially renewable resources. Additionally, we investigate a directly derived priority rule-based approximation method from our new enumeration scheme. The results of the computational study demonstrate the efficiency of our branch-and-bound algorithm and reveal that the derived approximation method is only suited to solve small- and medium-sized instances.
The effect of science and technology parks on tenant firms: a literature review
Authors: Albahari Alberto , Barge-Gil Andrés , Pérez-Canto Salvador , Landoni Paolo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScience and technology parks (STPs) are non-spontaneous agglomerations aimed at encouraging the formation and growth of on-site technology and knowledge-based firms. STPs have diffused worldwide, attracting significant, and often public, investment. However, there are contrasting evidence and insights on the effectiveness of these local development, technology and innovation policy tools. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the STP literature (221 papers, 1987–2021), focusing especially on quantitative papers aimed at assessing the park effect on tenant’s performance. We perform an in-depth quantitative analyses, which allows us to go beyond the inconclusiveness reported in previous review papers, showing that the likelihood of finding positive STP effects increases considerably with sample size. We discuss the limitations of this literature and offer some suggestions for future research.
Nearly most influential location selection with differentially private user locations in a road network
Authors: Park Sehwa , Park Seog 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the past decades, maximum influential location selection (Max-inf) problems have been of intense interest to the spatial database community. The Max-inf problem searches for a location that attracts as many clients as possible, so it is essential to collect the location information of each client for such a query. However, the client location is considered sensitive information, and location privacy has become an emerging issue. To resolve the privacy issue, we present a novel Max-inf problem in a differentially private manner, which is called DP-Max-inf in a road network. Differential privacy is a de-facto standard privacy protection technique that injects controlled noise into statistical query results. In addition, we present the influence region overlapping problem while applying differential privacy to the Max-inf problem using the conventional approach. To remedy this problem, we propose a network Voronoi region-based technique to guarantee query accuracy and a network Voronoi envelope-based pruning heuristic to improve query performance.
Post-transcriptional control of bacterial nitrogen metabolism by regulatory noncoding RNAs
Authors: Han Yueyue , Li Chao , Yan Yongliang , Lin Min , Ke Xiubin , Zhang Yunhua , Zhan Yuhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitrogen metabolism is the most basic process of material and energy metabolism in living organisms, and processes involving the uptake and use of different nitrogen sources are usually tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Bacterial regulatory noncoding RNAs are novel post-transcriptional regulators that repress or activate the expression of target genes through complementarily pairing with target mRNAs; therefore, these noncoding RNAs play an important regulatory role in many physiological processes, such as bacterial substance metabolism and stress response. In recent years, a study found that noncoding RNAs play a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of nitrogen metabolism, which is currently a hot topic in the study of bacterial nitrogen metabolism regulation. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances that increase our understanding on the regulatory roles of bacterial noncoding RNAs and describe in detail how noncoding RNAs regulate biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolic engineering. Furthermore, our goal is to lay a theoretical foundation for better understanding the molecular mechanisms in bacteria that are involved in environmental adaptations and metabolically-engineered genetic modifications.
Improved production of antioxidant-phenolic compounds and certain fungal phenolic-associated enzymes under solid-state fermentation of chia seeds with Trichoderma reesei: response surface methodology-based optimization
Authors: Abdel-Aty Azza M. , Barakat Amal Z. , Bassuiny Roqaya I. , Mohamed Saleh A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChia seeds (CS) are becoming increasingly consumed due to their great nutritional and therapeutic properties. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) of CS by Trichoderma reesei was employed to maximize the production of the antioxidant-phenolic compounds and some fungal phenolic-associated enzymes (α-amylase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, polygalacturonase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). The SSF-conditions were statistically optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). In the statistical model, four variables were analyzed at two levels. According to RSM, the adjusted R2 (< 0.9) is reasonably consistent with the predicted R2 (< 0.9), indicating that the statistical model is valid. The optimal conditions for maximum production of both phenolic compounds and fungal phenolic-associated enzymes were found to be 28 °C, pH 7.0, 20% moisture, and 7-day fermentation. The total phenolic content of fermented CS (FCS) increased 23 folds and total antioxidant activity was enhanced by 113- and 150-fold using DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Three new phenolics (kaempferol, apigenin, and p-coumaric) were recognized in FCS using HPLC analysis. The activities of all the extracted phenolic-associated enzymes showed strong correlations with the phenolic content of FCS. Against some human-pathogenic bacteria, FCS extract displayed considerably better antibacterial activity than UFCS extract. Finally, the phenolic-rich-FCS can be employed as a dietary supplement as well as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, T. reesei has produced considerable quantities of industrially valuable enzymes.
Single-Anastomosis Sleeve Jejunal (SAS-J) Bypass as Revisional Surgery After Primary Restrictive Bariatric Procedures
Authors: Sewefy Alaa M. , Atyia Ahmed M. , H.Kayed Taha , Hamza Hosam M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeSingle-anastomosis sleeve jejunal (SAS-J) bypass is the modification of a single-anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass with a short biliary limb. SAS-J bypass is reported to be a good primary bariatric procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the results of SAS-J bypass as a revisional surgery after failed primary restrictive bariatric procedures.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study including 43 patients who underwent SAS-J bypass as a revisional surgery for weight regain after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), or laparoscopic gastric plication.ResultsOf the total patients, 35 (81.4%) were female, and 8 (18.6%) were male. The mean BMI was 46.3 kg/m2. The mean age was 41 years. Thirty-two patients (74.4%) had a failed sleeve, 9 (20.9%) had a failed LAGB, and 2 (4.7%) had a failed gastric plication. The mean operative time was 104 min. Intra-abdominal bleeding occurred in 1 case (2.3%), and intraluminal bleeding occurred in 3 cases (7%). No case (0%) developed a leak. The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) reached 76.5% after 1 year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission occurred in all diabetic patients, hypertension remitted in 80%, hyperlipidemia remitted in 83.3%, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome improved in all cases. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms were improved in 86.7% of patients. Significant biliary gastritis occurred in 4 patients (9.3%). Dumping syndrome was reported in 4 patients (9.3%).ConclusionsSAS-J bypass was effective as a salvage surgery after failed restrictive bariatric procedures, but long-term follow-up is needed.Graphical abstract
Boundary-Rigidity of Projective Metrics and the Geodesic X-Ray Transform
Authors: Kurusa Árpád , Ódor Tibor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe prove that given a compact convex non-empty domain $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
in the plane, a function $$\delta :\partial \mathcal M\times \partial {\mathcal {M}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}_+$$

δ
:
∂
M
×
∂
M
→

R
+

can be extended to a projective metric d on $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
if and only if $$ \delta (P,R)+\delta (Q,S)-\delta (P,S)-\delta (Q,R)>0 $$

δ
(
P
,
R
)
+
δ
(
Q
,
S
)
-
δ
(
P
,
S
)
-
δ
(
Q
,
R
)
>
0

for any convex quadrangle $$\Box (PQRS)$$

□
(
P
Q
R
S
)

inscribed in $$\partial {\mathcal {M}}$$

∂
M

. Moreover, this extension is unique.
Student Agency in a High School Computer Science Course
Authors: Gale Jessica , Alemdar Meltem , Boice Katherine , Hernández Diley , Newton Sunni , Edwards Douglas , Usselman Marion 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores student agency in the context of a culturally authentic computer science (CS) curriculum implemented in an introductory CS course in two high schools. Drawing on focus group and interview data, the study utilizes qualitative research methods to examine how students exercise critical agency as they engage in the course and how the curriculum supports student agency. Findings suggest three ways in which the curriculum served as a context for student agency: (1) gaining CS knowledge and skills that students then apply to address real-world needs and problems, (2) creating opportunities to “try-on” or improvise new identities and/or envision “future selves” in CS, and (3) engaging in personally relevant project work that leverages assets students brought to their experience with the curriculum. Implications for CS education research and practice are discussed.