bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The calculation of electrical impedance tomography based silent spaces requires individual thorax and lung contours
Authors: Yang Lin , Fu Feng , Frerichs Inéz , Möller Knut , Dai Meng , Zhao Zhanqi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. The present study evaluates the influence of different thorax contours (generic versus individual) on the parameter ‘silent spaces’ computed from electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurements. Approach. Six patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. EIT measurements were performed and the silent spaces were calculated based on (1) patient-specific contours Sind, (2) generic adult male contours SEidorsA and (3) generic neonate contours SEidorsN. Main results. The differences among all studied subjects were 5 ± 6% and 8 ± 7% for Sind versus SEidorsA, Sind versus SEidorsN, respectively (median ± interquartile range). Sind values were higher than the generic ones in two patients. Significance. In the present study, we demonstrated the differences in values when the silent spaces were calculated based on different body and organ contours. To our knowledge, this study was the first one showing explicitly that silent spaces calculated with generic thorax and lung contours might lead to results with different locations and values as compared to the calculation with subject-specific models. Interpretations of silent spaces should be proceeded with caution.
Entropic uncertainty and quantum correlations dynamics in a system of two qutrits exposed to local noisy channels
Authors: Ur Rahman Atta , Abd-Rabbou M Y , Zangi S M , Javed Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We address the dynamics of the lower bound of geometric quantum discord and quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty in a two-qutrit system when exposed to classical channels characterized by power-law (PL) and random telegraph (RT) noises. The system-channel coupling strategy is examined in two contexts: common qutrit-environment (CQE) and different qutrit-environment (DQE) configurations. We show that the geometric quantum discord functions remain anti-correlated with entropic uncertainty and decline as uncertainty appears in the system. The rate of entropic uncertainty appearance seems more prevalent than the decline rate of quantum discord function, suggesting that uncertainty causes the quantum correlations to fade in quantum systems. We find that non-local correlations estimated by the lower bound of geometric quantum discord are not destroyed even at the maximum entropic disorder and entropic uncertainty. In addition, the efficacy of entropic uncertainty and the lower bound is strongly influenced by the state’s purity factor, with the former being more robust at higher purity values and the latter at lower purity values. All the parameters impact entropic uncertainty, however, the mixedness of the state is noticed to greatly alter the generation of quantum memory. Besides, PL noise caused Markovian behavioral dynamics, and the RT noise allowed non-Markovian dynamics, while the latter remains more resourceful for the quantum correlations preservation and entropic uncertainty suppression. We also demonstrate how to model longer quantum correlations and provide optimal parameter settings for suppressing the dephasing and entropic uncertainty effects.
Stellar Obliquities in Exoplanetary Systems
Authors: Albrecht Simon H. , Dawson Rebekah I. , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rotation of a star and the revolutions of its planets are not necessarily aligned. This article reviews the measurement techniques, key findings, and theoretical interpretations related to the obliquities (spin–orbit angles) of planet-hosting stars. The best measurements are for stars with short-period giant planets, which have been found on prograde, polar, and retrograde orbits. It seems likely that dynamical processes such as planet–planet scattering and secular perturbations are responsible for tilting the orbits of close-in giant planets, just as those processes are implicated in exciting orbital eccentricities. The observed dependence of the obliquity on orbital separation, planet mass, and stellar structure suggests that in some cases, tidal dissipation damps a star’s obliquity within its main-sequence lifetime. The situation is not as clear for stars with smaller or wider-orbiting planets. Although the earliest measurements of such systems tended to find low obliquities, some glaring exceptions are now known in which the star’s rotation is misaligned with respect to the coplanar orbits of multiple planets. In addition, statistical analyses based on projected rotation velocities and photometric variability have found a broad range of obliquities for F-type stars hosting compact multiple-planet systems. The results suggest it is unsafe to assume that stars and their protoplanetary disks are aligned. Primordial misalignments might be produced by neighboring stars or more complex events that occur during the epoch of planet formation.
KIC 10417986: Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Nature of the Binary System with a δ Scuti Component
Authors: Feng Guo-Jie , Esamdin Ali , Fu Jian-Ning , Niu Hu-Biao , Zong Peng , Yang Tao-Zhi , Ma Shu-Guo , Xu Jing , Bai Chun-Hai , Wang Yong , Sun Wei-Chao , Wang Xin-Liang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
KIC 10417986 is a short orbital period (0.0737 day) ellipsoidal variable star with a δ Sct and γ Dor hybrid pulsation component discovered by Kepler. The ground-based spectroscopic observations were carried out in the winters of 2020 and 2021 to investigate the binary nature of this star. We derive the orbital parameters using the rvfit code with a result of K
1 = 29.7 ± 1.5 km s−1, γ = −18.7 ± 1.7 km s−1, and confirm an orbital period of 0.84495 day instead of the result given by Kepler. The atmospheric parameters of the primary are determined by the synthetic spectral fitting technique with the estimated values of T
eff = 7411 ± 187 K, log g = 4.2 ± 0.3 dex, [M/H] = 0.08 ± 0.09 dex and vsini = 52 ± 11 km s−1. KIC 10417986 is a circular orbit binary system. From the single-lined nature and mass function of the star, the derived orbital inclination is 26° ± 6°, and the mass of the secondary is

0.52

−
0.09

+
0.18

M
⊙, which should be a late-K to early-M type star. Fourteen frequencies are extracted from Kepler light curves, of which six independent frequencies in the high-frequency region are identified as the p-mode pulsations of δ Sct star, and one independent frequency in the low-frequency region (f
2 = 1.3033 cd−1) is probably the rotational frequency due to the starspots rather than the ellipsoidal effect.
A method to challenge symmetries in data with self-supervised learning
Authors: Tombs Rupert , Lester Christopher G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSymmetries are key properties of physical models and of experimental designs, but any proposed symmetry may or may not be realized in nature. In this paper, we introduce a practical and general method to test such suspected symmetries in data, with minimal external input. Self-supervision, which derives learning objectives from data without external labelling, is used to train models to predict 'which is real?' between real data and symmetrically transformed alternatives. If these models make successful predictions in independent tests, then they challenge the targeted symmetries. Crucially, our method handles filtered data, which often arise from inefficiencies or deliberate selections, and which could give the illusion of asymmetry if mistreated. We use examples to demonstrate how the method works and how the models' predictions can be interpreted. Code and data are available at https://zenodo.org/record/6861702.
Analytical method for determining the “active” speed of the spindle cotton harvester
Authors: Rizaev A A , Djuraeva N B , Khunarov A A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The efficiency of the spindle harvester is determined by the activity of the spindle teeth located on the drums. The well-known M V Sablikov theory of cotton harvesting technology says that the capability of capturing cotton by the spindle depends on the correspondence between the directions of the tip and the speed vector of the tooth point. The article is devoted to the development of an analytical method for determining the active component of the absolute velocity of the tooth point of the spindle in the working chamber of the picking apparatus. The method is characterized by studying the orientation of the absolute velocity vector relative to the tangent to the circle of the section and the bisector of the spindle tooth wedge angle. Having located the centers of the coordinate axes along the tangent and the bisector at the tooth point, the oblique directing angles of the velocity vector were determined, and its active component was calculated. Graphs of changes in velocity during the time the spindle was in the working chamber were plotted, and an assessment was made of the capability of cotton capturing by the working body.
The effect of the ratio of peat and manure on the efficiency of the fermentation process
Authors: Fomicheva N V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Manure disposal is one of the main problems of livestock complexes. At the same time animal waste is a very important and valuable raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. The fermentation process was carried out for 6 days; the mesophilic regime was replaced by thermophilic, then the mesophilic period was again established. Air was supplied periodically. Various ratios of peat and manure were used - 40:60, 50:50, 60:40. In each version of the initial mixture, a favorable ratio of carbon to nitrogen was observed - C:N=20-25:1. However the determination of catalase and dehydrogenase activity made it possible to establish the optimal ratio of peat:manure=50:50, at which the value of C:N=22.7:1 and the best conditions are created for the vital activity of microorganisms and, accordingly, the activity of their enzymes. The maximum enzymatic activity contributed to the efficient transformation of organic raw materials. The same amount of manure and peat in the initial mixture contributed to a faster completion of the transformation of the fermented mixture, as evidenced by the redox coefficient in the fermentation product close to 1. With an equal ratio of the initial components, animal waste during the fermentation process is effectively processed into high-quality organic fertilizer.
Investigation of the drying process of moist materials under convective heat input conditions
Authors: Ergasheva Z K , Rakhmanova T T , Tarawade Abhijit , Sultonova S A , Safarov J E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most important tasks of agricultural production is to obtain food products of plant origin, which include grain legumes, vegetables, fruits, etc. Long-term storage of many kinds of plants in their natural form under normal conditions is not possible and requires the use of processing, such as drying. A special niche is occupied by medicinal plants, on the basis of which medicinal preparations, biologically active additives (BAAs), as well as spices for food are produced. Nowadays, out of 100 thousand medicines used in the world medical practice, medicinal preparations made of plants make up more than 30%. In our country the share of such remedies and preparations is about 40%. In addition to natural methods of drying, artificial methods are widely used with the help of special drying units. This requires large amounts of electrical or thermal energy from fuel combustion, as more than 65,000 tonnes of medicinal raw materials are harvested in our country each year. It is not always possible to achieve the required product performance. The use of electric energy seems to be the most preferable, since it eliminates the costs of delivery, storage of solid or liquid fuel, reduces environmental damage, and obtains the necessary properties through “fine” control of the drying technology. Currently, farms and individual farms specialise in growing medicinal plants and supplying medicinal raw materials for homeopathic pharmacies and pharmacological industries. In this regard, improving drying methods and creating small capacity electric drying plants that ensure an efficient technological process and reduce the energy intensity of drying is an urgent task.
The FASTQ+ format and PISA
Authors: Shi Quan , Liu Shiping , Kristiansen Karsten , Liu Longqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSummaryThe FASTQ+ format is designed for single-cell experiments. It extends various optional tags, including cell barcodes and unique molecular identifiers, to the sequence identifier and is fully compatible with the FASTQ format. In addition, PISA implements various utilities for processing sequences in the FASTQ format and alignments in the SAM/BAM/CRAM format from single-cell experiments, such as converting FASTQ format to FASTQ+, annotating alignments, PCR deduplication, feature counting and barcodes correction. The software is open-source and written in C language.Availability and implementationhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7007056 or https://github.com/shiquan/PISASupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bayesian sample size determination in basket trials borrowing information between subsets
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Grayling Michael J , Mozgunov Pavel , Jaki Thomas , Wason James M S 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Basket trials are increasingly used for the simultaneous evaluation of a new treatment in various patient subgroups under one overarching protocol. We propose a Bayesian approach to sample size determination in basket trials that permit borrowing of information between commensurate subsets. Specifically, we consider a randomized basket trial design where patients are randomly assigned to the new treatment or control within each trial subset (“subtrial” for short). Closed-form sample size formulae are derived to ensure that each subtrial has a specified chance of correctly deciding whether the new treatment is superior to or not better than the control by some clinically relevant difference. Given prespecified levels of pairwise (in)commensurability, the subtrial sample sizes are solved simultaneously. The proposed Bayesian approach resembles the frequentist formulation of the problem in yielding comparable sample sizes for circumstances of no borrowing. When borrowing is enabled between commensurate subtrials, a considerably smaller trial sample size is required compared to the widely implemented approach of no borrowing. We illustrate the use of our sample size formulae with two examples based on real basket trials. A comprehensive simulation study further shows that the proposed methodology can maintain the true positive and false positive rates at desired levels.
Cross-modal functional connectivity supports speech understanding in cochlear implant users
Authors: Fullerton Amanda M , Vickers Deborah A , Luke Robert , Billing Addison N , McAlpine David , Hernandez-Perez Heivet , Peelle Jonathan E , Monaghan Jessica J M , McMahon Catherine M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSensory deprivation can lead to cross-modal cortical changes, whereby sensory brain regions deprived of input may be recruited to perform atypical function. Enhanced cross-modal responses to visual stimuli observed in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users are hypothesized to reflect increased activation of cortical language regions, but it is unclear if this cross-modal activity is “adaptive” or “mal-adaptive” for speech understanding. To determine if increased activation of language regions is correlated with better speech understanding in CI users, we assessed task-related activation and functional connectivity of auditory and visual cortices to auditory and visual speech and non-speech stimuli in CI users (n = 14) and normal-hearing listeners (n = 17) and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure hemodynamic responses. We used visually presented speech and non-speech to investigate neural processes related to linguistic content and observed that CI users show beneficial cross-modal effects. Specifically, an increase in connectivity between the left auditory and visual cortices—presumed primary sites of cortical language processing—was positively correlated with CI users’ abilities to understand speech in background noise. Cross-modal activity in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf CI users may reflect adaptive activity of a distributed, multimodal speech network, recruited to enhance speech understanding.
Anxiety disrupts performance monitoring: integrating behavioral, event-related potential, EEG microstate, and sLORETA evidence
Authors: Nash Kyle , Leota Josh , Kleinert Tobias , Hayward Dana A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnxiety impacts performance monitoring, though theory and past research are split on how and for whom. However, past research has often examined either trait anxiety in isolation or task-dependent state anxiety and has indexed event-related potential components, such as the error-related negativity or post-error positivity (Pe), calculated at a single node during a limited window of time. We introduced 2 key novelties to this electroencephalography research to examine the link between anxiety and performance monitoring: (i) we manipulated antecedent, task-independent, state anxiety to better establish the causal effect; (ii) we conducted moderation analyses to determine how state and trait anxiety interact to impact performance monitoring processes. Additionally, we extended upon previous work by using a microstate analysis approach to isolate and sequence the neural networks and rapid mental processes in response to error commission. Results showed that state anxiety disrupts response accuracy in the Stroop task and error-related neural processes, primarily during a Pe-related microstate. Source localization shows that this disruption involves reduced activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and compensatory activation in the right lateral prefrontal cortex, particularly among people high in trait anxiety. We conclude that antecedent anxiety is largely disruptive to performance monitoring.
Cardiac magnetic resonance diagnosis of Fabry disease leads to incidental diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome: a case report
Authors: Binda Giulia , Bridgman John Cameron , Chapman Ian , Selvanayagam Joseph B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting in deficient activity of alpha-galactosidase. Males are general more severely affected however heterozygous females can variably express the disease depending on the degree of random X chromosome inactivation (Lyonization). We present a case where cardiac magnetic resonance diagnosis of late onset Fabry Disease leads to an incidental diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome.

Case summary
A 55-year-old male was referred for cardiology assessment after developing atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography demonstrated moderate, concentric LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of concentric increase in LV wall thickness and increased LV (left ventricular) mass. T1 mapping values (Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery sequences) were elevated in the basal-mid inferolateral segments and low in the remaining segments. Late gadolinium acquisition showed a pattern suggestive of Fabry disease. Genetic testing of the GLA gene revealed a null variant classified as pathogenic. The variant was found to be heterozygous. This raised the possibility of Klinefelter's syndrome and the diagnosis was confirmed by chromosomal microarray and karyotype. The patient was then referred to Fabry clinic for consideration of enzyme replacement therapy and to the endocrine clinic for testosterone replacement.

Discussion
The atypical ’cardiac variant‘ Fabry disease should be included in differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. In a ‘late onset’ presentation of Fabry Disease, the concomitant presence of Klinefelter syndrome cannot be excluded due to GLA variant present in the heterozygous state.
Association between sleep duration and ideal cardiovascular health in Chinese adults: results from the China health and nutrition survey
Authors: Zhao Min , Chen Ting , Huang Chenglong , Zhong Qiuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdeal cardiovascular health (CVH) is related to the future risk of cardiovascular disease. Sleep duration is an important factor influencing health outcomes. The association between sleep duration and CVH is unclear.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the associations between sleep duration and CVH among Chinese adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on nationally representative samples from 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Sleep duration was categorized as ≤6, 7, 8, and ≥9 h. The CVH scores were evaluated. Generalized linear regressions and restricted cubic splines were used to determine the association between sleep duration and CVH.ResultsA total of 8,103 Chinese adults with a mean age of 50.29 (14.97) years were included. The mean (SD) CVH score was 3.96 (1.43). Only 36.7% of the participants had ideal CVH. Sleep duration was positively associated with ideal CVH (P-trend &lt; 0.05). When comparing the long sleep duration with the short sleep duration, short sleep duration significantly decreased the mean CVH score, β = −0.24 (95% CI: −0.36, −0.13) and increased the risk of nonideal CVH, OR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.67) by generalized linear regressions. The restricted cubic splines showed CVH did not have a significant nonlinear relationship with sleep duration. The P-value for nonlinear was 0.161. The association of sleep duration with CVH had no obvious threshold.ConclusionShort sleep duration was associated with decreased odds of ideal CVH and lower mean CVH score. Confirmation through longitudinal studies is needed.
From bugs to bedside: functional annotation of human genetic variation for neurological disorders using invertebrate models
Authors: Mew Melanie , Caldwell Kim A , Caldwell Guy A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The exponential accumulation of DNA sequencing data has opened new avenues for discovering the causative roles of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in neurological diseases. The opportunities emerging from this are staggering, yet only as good as our abilities to glean insights from this surplus of information. Whereas computational biology continues to improve with respect to predictions and molecular modeling, the differences between in silico and in vivo analysis remain substantial. Invertebrate in vivo model systems represent technically advanced, experimentally mature, high-throughput, efficient and cost-effective resources for investigating a disease. With a decades-long track record of enabling investigators to discern function from DNA, fly (Drosophila) and worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) models have never been better poised to serve as living engines of discovery. Both of these animals have already proven useful in the classification of genetic variants as either pathogenic or benign across a range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders—including autism spectrum disorders, ciliopathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Pathogenic SNPs typically display distinctive phenotypes in functional assays when compared with null alleles and frequently lead to protein products with gain-of-function or partial loss-of-function properties that contribute to neurological disease pathogenesis. The utility of invertebrates is logically limited by overt differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics, and also the evolutionary distance in genome structure. Nevertheless, functional annotation of disease-SNPs using invertebrate models can expedite the process of assigning cellular and organismal consequences to mutations, ascertain insights into mechanisms of action, and accelerate therapeutic target discovery and drug development for neurological conditions.