bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Index system of rural human settlement in rural revitalization under the perspective of China
Authors: Liu Qi , Gong Decai , Gong Yuxuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRural revitalization strategies are an important task in China. Currently, it is in the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization. This paper proposes an evaluation index of rural revitalization and development potential based on a summary of previous studies. Together with the TOPSIS method, the corresponding coefficients of each index layer and the weight coefficient of the criterion layer were analyzed. This shows that during the process, the work direction of rural revitalization varies based on different revitalization types. In this study, diagnostic tools are utilized to conduct a potential development analysis of rural human settlements by identifying the main influencing factors for rural revitalization. In addition, an index system for improving rural human settlement strategies is established. Overall, it helps in defining the interventions of reducing and managing the risk of rural vitalization and evaluating the potential ability of rural revitalization. It also suggests that Anhui Province should focus on carrying out the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas according to the different functional positions of the countryside.
The anatomy of social dynamics in escape rooms
Authors: O′Szabo Rebeka , Chowdhary Sandeep , Deritei David , Battiston Federico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
From sport and science production to everyday life, higher-level pursuits demand collaboration. Despite an increase in the number of data-driven studies on human behavior, the social dynamics of collaborative problem solving are still largely unexplored with network science and other computational and quantitative tools. Here we introduce escape rooms as a non-interventional and minimally biased social laboratory, which allows us to capture at a high resolution real-time communications in small project teams. Our analysis portrays a nuanced picture of different dimensions of social dynamics. We reveal how socio-demographic characteristics impact problem solving and the importance of prior relationships for enhanced interactions. We extract key conversation rules from motif analysis and discuss turn-usurping gendered behavior, a phenomenon particularly strong in male-dominated teams. We investigate the temporal evolution of signed and group interactions, finding that a minimum level of tense communication might be beneficial for collective problem solving, and revealing differences in the behavior of successful and failed teams. Our work unveils the innovative potential of escape rooms to study teams in their complexity, contributing to a deeper understanding of the micro-dynamics of collaborative team processes.
Trabeculopuncture as a predictive test of distal outflow resistance in canal-based surgery
Authors: Verma-Fuehring R. , Dakroub M. , Han H. , Hillenkamp J. , Loewen N. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigated whether trabeculopuncture (TP) could detect distal outflow resistance to predict the outcome of canal-based glaucoma surgery such as ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT). These procedures have a high utilization in open angle glaucoma, but fail in eyes with an unidentified distal outflow resistance. We assigned 81 porcine eyes to two groups: trial (n = 42) and control (n = 39). At 24 h, four YAG-laser trabeculopunctures were placed nasally, followed by a 180° AIT at the same site at 48 h. The proportion of TP responders between both AIT groups was compared. Histology and outflow canalograms were determined. Both post-TP and post-AIT IOPs were lower than baseline IOP (p = 0.015 and p < 0.01, respectively). The success rates of TP and AIT were 69% and 85.7%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity values of TP as predictive test for AIT success were 77.7% and 83.3%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.6% and 38.5%, respectively. We conclude that a 10% reduction in IOP after TP can be used as a predictor for the success (> 20% IOP decrease) of 180° AIT in porcine eyes.
Involvement of the HERV-derived cell-fusion inhibitor, suppressyn, in the fusion defects characteristic of the trisomy 21 placenta
Authors: Sugimoto Jun , Schust Danny J. , Yamazaki Tomomi , Kudo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuppressyn (SUPYN) is the first host-cell encoded mammalian protein shown to inhibit cell–cell fusion. Its expression is restricted to the placenta, where it negatively regulates syncytia formation in villi. Since its chromosomal localization overlaps with the Down syndrome critical region and the TS21 placenta is characterized by delayed maturation of cytotrophoblast cells and reduced syncytialization, we hypothesized a potential link between changes in SUPYN expression and morphologic abnormalities in the TS21 placenta. Here we demonstrate that an increase in chromosomal copy number in the TS21 placenta is associated with: (1) reduced fusion of cytotrophoblast cells into syncytiotrophoblast in vivo, (2) increased SUPYN transcription, translation and secretion in vivo, (3) increased SUPYN/syncytin-1 receptor degradation in vivo, (4) increased SUPYN transcription and secretion ex vivo, (5) decreased cytotrophoblast cell fusion ex vivo, and (6) reciprocal response of changes in SUPYN and CGB in TS21 placental cells ex vivo. These data suggest direct links between immature placentation in Down syndrome and increased SUPYN. Finally, we report a significant increase in secreted SUPYN concentration in maternal serum in women with pregnancies affected by Down syndrome, suggesting that SUPYN may be useful as an alternate or additional diagnostic marker for this disease.
Influence of cross-sectional aspect ratio on biochar segregation in a bubbling fluidized bed
Authors: Park Hoon Chae , Choi Hang Seok 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, computational particle fluid dynamics was applied to investigate the segregation characteristics of biochar in a bubbling fluidized bed. The aspect ratio of the bubbling fluidized bed was changed and the effects of the aspect ratio on the segregation characteristics were investigated. The segregation characteristics of a mixture of biochar and sand particles were analyzed in terms of bubble size distribution, pressure fluctuations, and mixing index. As the aspect ratio increased, the bubble size decreased, leading to a clearer segregation of biochar and sand particles. The mixing index of the biochar and sand particles decreased as the aspect ratio increased.
Clinical and anatomical features of the lateral costal artery and vein
Authors: Nakazawa Seshiru , Kawatani Natsuko , Obayashi Kai , Ohtaki Yoichi , Ito Tomokazu , Yajima Toshiki , Shirabe Ken 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe lateral costal artery and vein are under recognized yet potentially important vessels for physicians, especially cardiothoracic surgeons. This study sought to determine the prevalence and clinical, anatomical, and radiological features of lateral costal vessels. We retrospectively analyzed lateral costal vessels based on intraoperative images in patients who underwent thoracic surgery at our institute between January 2016 and March 2020. Clinical data and surgical videos were analyzed for patient characteristics, prevalence, length, laterality, and additional anatomical and radiological features. The overall prevalence of lateral costal vessels was 19% and was significantly higher in males than females (22% vs. 14%, p = 0.003). The lateral costal vessels extended beyond the 2nd intercostal space in 74% of the cases, with differing length between the right and left sides in bilateral cases. Lateral costal vessels could be identified intraoperatively using indocyanine green or preoperatively through three-dimensional computed tomography. The prevalence of lateral costal vessels is relatively high and should be acknowledged by physicians prior to procedures involving the vessels.
The influence of time on the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing
Authors: Torres Ortiz Arturo , Fenn Torrente Fernanda , Twigg Adam , Hatcher James , Saso Anja , Lam Tanya , Johnson Marina , Wagstaffe Helen , Dhillon Rishi , Mai Anabelle Lea , Goldblatt David , Still Rachel , Buckland Matthew , Gilmour Kimberly , Grandjean Louis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSensitive serological testing is essential to estimate the proportion of the population exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2, to guide booster vaccination and to select patients for treatment with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The performance of serological tests is usually evaluated at 14–21 days post infection. This approach fails to take account of the important effect of time on test performance after infection or exposure has occurred. We performed parallel serological testing using 4 widely used assays (a multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (N), Spike (S) and Receptor Binding Domain assay from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD), the Roche Elecsys-Nucleoprotein (Roche-N) and Spike (Roche-S) assays and the Abbott Nucleoprotein assay (Abbott-N) on serial positive monthly samples collected as part of the Co-STARs study (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04380896) up to 200 days following infection. Our findings demonstrate the considerable effect of time since symptom onset on the diagnostic sensitivity of different assays. Using a time-to-event analysis, we demonstrated that 50% of the Abbott nucleoprotein assays will give a negative result after 175 days (median survival time 95% CI 168–185 days), compared to the better performance over time of the Roche Elecsys nucleoprotein assay (93% survival probability at 200 days, 95% CI 88–97%). Assays targeting the spike protein showed a lower decline over the follow-up period, both for the MSD spike assay (97% survival probability at 200 days, 95% CI 95–99%) and the Roche Elecsys spike assay (95% survival probability at 200 days, 95% CI 93–97%). The best performing quantitative Roche Elecsys Spike assay showed no evidence of waning Spike antibody titers over the 200-day time course of the study. We have shown that compared to other assays evaluated, the Abbott-N assay fails to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as time passes since infection. In contrast the Roche Elecsys Spike Assay and the MSD assay maintained a high sensitivity for the 200-day duration of the study. These limitations of the Abbott assay should be considered when quantifying the immune correlates of protection or the need for SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapy. The high levels of maintained detectable neutralizing spike antibody titers identified by the quantitative Roche Elecsys assay is encouraging and provides further evidence in support of long-lasting SARS-CoV-2 protection following natural infection.
Machine learning-based suggestion for critical interventions in the management of potentially severe conditioned patients in emergency department triage
Authors: Chang Hansol , Yu Jae Yong , Yoon Sunyoung , Kim Taerim , Cha Won Chul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProviding timely intervention to critically ill patients is a challenging task in emergency departments (ED). Our study aimed to predict early critical interventions (CrIs), which can be used as clinical recommendations. This retrospective observational study was conducted in the ED of a tertiary hospital located in a Korean metropolitan city. Patient who visited ED from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, were included. Need of six CrIs were selected as prediction outcomes, namely, arterial line (A-line) insertion, oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), intubation, Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP), and inotropes and vasopressor. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) prediction model was built by using only data available at the initial stage of ED. Overall, 137,883 patients were included in the study. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of A-line insertion was 0·913, oxygen therapy was 0.909, HFNC was 0.962, intubation was 0.945, MTP was 0.920, and inotropes or vasopressor administration was 0.899 in the XGBoost method. In addition, an increase in the need for CrIs was associated with worse ED outcomes. The CrIs model was integrated into the study site's electronic medical record and could be used to suggest early interventions for emergency physicians.
Radiological hints for differentiation of cerebellar multiple system atrophy from spinocerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chen Hung-Chieh , Lee Li-Hua , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Soong Bing-wen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferentiation cerebellar multiple systemic atrophy (MSA-C) from spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is important. The “hot cross bun” sign (HCBS) at pons and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are helpful. However, the prevalence of HCBS and the alteration of cerebellar MRS parameters are evolving with disease progression. We hypothesized that since the HCBS and MRS are evolving with time, different parameters for differentiation of MSA-C and SCA are required at different disease stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HCBS and MRS changes in patients with MSA-C and SCA at different disease stages. A total of 398 patients with molecularly confirmed SCA (SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 17) and 286 patients diagnosed with probable MSA-C (without mutations in SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 17 genes), who had received brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRS from January 2000 to January 2020, were recruited. Twenty-five patients were molecularly identified as having SCA1, 68 as SCA2, 253 as SCA3, 34 as SCA6, and 18 as SCA17. We compared their clinical parameters and neuroimaging features at different disease stages. The presence of HCBS was assessed using an axial T2 fast spin-echo or FLAIR sequence. Proton MRS was recorded with voxel of interest focusing on cerebellar hemispheres and cerebellar vermis and avoiding cerebrospinal fluid spaces space using a single-voxel stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence. We found that patients with MSA-C tend to have a higher prevalence of pontine HCBS, worse Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores, lower cerebellar N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatinine (Cr), and choline (Cho)/Cr, compared to patients with SCA at corresponding disease stages. In MSA-C patients with a disease duration < 1 year and without pontine HCBS, a cerebellar NAA/Cr ≤ 0.79 is a good indicator of the possibility of MSA-C. By using the pontine HCBS and cerebellar MRS, discerning MSA-C from SCA became possible. This study provides cutoff values of MRS to serve as clues in differentiating MSA-C from SCAs.
Effect of pigmentation intensity of trabecular meshwork cells on mechanisms of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty
Authors: Shimizu Shota , Honjo Megumi , Sugimoto Koichiro , Okamoto Michiaki , Aihara Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering mechanisms of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) remain unclear. The present study was performed to investigate the mechanism of action of MLT, and to determine whether the pigmentation intensity of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells is associated with the treatment effects. Primary human TM cells were exposed to melanin granules to artificially introduce different levels of pigmentation. Micropulse (MP) laser irradiation was performed, and interleukin (IL)-1α/β, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression were evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry. IL-1α/β and MMP-1, -3, and -9 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated at 4 and 24 h after MP laser irradiation, respectively, but there were no significant changes in TIMP expression. The extent of these upregulation was greater in cells with strong pigmentation intensity. Protein expressions of fibronectin and collagen I were significantly decreased in cells with strong staining intensity. These results suggested that MP laser irradiation alter the MMP/TIMP ratio and enhance ECM turnover, resulting in increased outflow of aqueous humor. The pigmentation intensity of the TM tissues may affect the treatment efficacy of MLT, because TM cells with strong staining intensity showed a significantly enhanced response to MP laser irradiation.
Distinct characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy according to gender
Authors: Yoneyama Seigo , Fukui Ayumi , Sakurada Yoichi , Terao Nobuhiro , Shijo Taiyo , Kusada Natsuki , Sugiyama Atsushi , Matsubara Mio , Fukuda Yoshiko , Kikushima Wataru , Parikh Ravi , Mabuchi Fumihiko , Sotozono Chie , Kashiwagi Kenji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo investigate the differences in clinical and genetic characteristics between males and females with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Consecutive 302 patients (mean age; 56.3 ± 11.7, male/female: 249/53) with CSC were evaluated on the initial presentation. All CSC patients underwent fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (FA/ICGA), swept-source or spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) to confirm a diagnosis. All patients were genotyped for rs800292 and rs1329428 variants of CFH using TaqMan technology. On the initial presentation, female patients were significantly older (p = 2.1 × 10–4, female 61.6 ± 12.4 vs male 55.1 ± 11.3) and had thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 3.8 × 10–5) and higher central retinal thickness (p = 3.0 × 10–3) compared to males. A descending tract was more frequently seen in males than in females (p = 8.0 × 10–4, 18.1% vs 0%). Other clinical characteristics were comparable between the sexes. The risk allele frequency of both variants including CFH rs800292 and CFH rs1329428 was comparable between males and females (CFH rs800292 A allele male 51.2% vs female 47.2%, CFH rs1329428 T allele male 56.2% vs 52.8%). On the initial presentation, age, subfoveal choroidal thickness and central retinal thickness differ between males and females in eyes with CSC. A descending tract may be a strong male finding in CSC.
Characterization of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Chikungunya virus and discovery of a novel ligand as a potential drug candidate
Authors: Freire Marjorie C. L. C. , Basso Luis G. M. , Mendes Luis F. S. , Mesquita Nathalya C. M. R. , Mottin Melina , Fernandes Rafaela S. , Policastro Lucca R. , Godoy Andre S. , Santos Igor A. , Ruiz Uriel E. A. , Caruso Icaro P. , Sousa Bruna K. P. , Jardim Ana C. G. , Almeida Fabio C. L. , Gil Laura H. V. G. , Andrade Carolina H. , Oliva Glaucius 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the causative agent of Chikungunya fever, an acute febrile and arthritogenic illness with no effective treatments available. The development of effective therapeutic strategies could be significantly accelerated with detailed knowledge of the molecular components behind CHIKV replication. However, drug discovery is hindered by our incomplete understanding of their main components. The RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (nsP4-CHIKV) is considered the key enzyme of the CHIKV replication complex and a suitable target for antiviral therapy. Herein, the nsP4-CHIKV was extensively characterized through experimental and computational biophysical methods. In the search for new molecules against CHIKV, a compound designated LabMol-309 was identified as a strong ligand of the nsp4-CHIKV and mapped to bind to its active site. The antiviral activity of LabMol-309 was evaluated in cellular-based assays using a CHIKV replicon system and a reporter virus. In conclusion, this study highlights the biophysical features of nsP4-CHIKV and identifies a new compound as a promising antiviral agent against CHIKV infection.
Variation of genes encoding nitric oxide synthases and antioxidant enzymes as potential risks of multiple sclerosis development: a preliminary study
Authors: Wigner Paulina , Dziedzic Angela , Synowiec Ewelina , Miller Elzbieta , Bijak Michal , Saluk-Bijak Joanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a variable clinical course and diverse pathophysiology, including nitrative and oxidative stresses as well as inflammation. We aimed to detect the potential association between five selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding nitric oxide synthetases as well as antioxidant enzymes and the development of MS in a Polish population. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood collected from 142 MS patients and 140 controls. Using Taq-Man® probes, we genotyped the following SNPs: rs1879417 in NOS1, and rs2297518 in NOS2 as well as rs4880 in SOD2, rs7943316 in CAT, rs713041 in GPX4. In the case of rs2297518, the C/C genotype and C allele SNP were associated with an enhanced occurrence of MS, while the C/T, T/T genotypes, and T allele of the same polymorphism reduced this risk. Moreover, the C/C homozygote and C allele of the rs4880 SNP reduced MS risk, while the T allele increased the risk. In addition, the A/T heterozygote of rs7943316 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of MS occurrence. We also detected that the C/C genotype and C allele of rs713041 decreased the risk of MS, whereas the T/T genotype and T allele increased this risk. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest some links between polymorphic variability in the nitrative/oxidative stress-related genes and the risk of MS development in the Polish population.
Neurogenic effects of rotarod walking exercise in subventricular zone, subgranular zone, and substantia nigra in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice
Authors: Leem Yea-Hyun , Park Jin-Sun , Park Jung-Eun , Kim Do-Yeon , Kim Hee-Sun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, and its incidence is predicted to increase worldwide. Striatal dopamine depletion caused by substantia nigra (SN) degeneration is a pathological hallmark of PD and is strongly associated with cardinal motor and non-motor symptoms. Previous studies have reported that exercise increases neuroplasticity and promotes neurorestoration by increasing neurotrophic factors and synaptic strength and stimulating neurogenesis in PD. In the present study, we found that rotarod walking exercise, a modality of motor skill learning training, improved locomotor disturbances and reduced nigrostriatal degeneration in the subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. In addition, our exercise regimen improved MPTP-induced perturbation of adult neurogenesis in some areas of the brain, including the subventricular zone, subgranular zone, SN, and striatum. Moreover, rotarod walking activated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in these regions. The results suggest that motor skill learning training using rotarod walking improves adult neurogenesis and restores motor performance by modulating the AMPK/BDNF pathway. Therefore, our findings provide evidence for neuroprotective effects and improved neuroplasticity in PD through motor skill learning training.