bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Impact Crater Mapping and Analysis on Saturn's Moon Dione and the Relation to Source Impactors
Authors: Ferguson Sierra N. , Rhoden Alyssa R. , Kirchoff Michelle R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent dynamical modeling of the formation and evolution of the Saturnian satellites suggests that the ages of the mid‐sized inner moons (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea) could be as young as 100 Myr. This estimate is in contrast to most previous modeling and observational work that suggest an age more contemporaneous with the formation of Saturn 4.5 Ga ago. Given the heritage of using craters to constrain surface ages, we examine the impact craters of Dione using imagery from NASA's Cassini ISS camera and analyze their size‐frequency distributions (SFDs) to understand impactor populations. We survey four areas across different geologic terrains and compare our crater counts to standard outer solar system production functions. In addition to crater counts, we study several crater types such as elliptical and polygonal to further examine the bombardment source for the craters. We find evidence for a Saturn‐specific planetocentric impactor source, as none of the standard production functions fit the data. We compare our Dione data with our work on Tethys and find similarly shaped SFDs between the satellites. However, Dione's surface has been extensively modified to remove smaller craters (D ∼ <5 km) and has been bombarded by larger impactors, creating more D ∼ >20 km on Dione than Tethys. In contrast, Tethys more generally represents an ancient unmodified surface within the Saturn system. More complete observations and assessment of the cratering records on the satellites of Uranus and Neptune's moon Triton would enable better constraints on the bombardment history of the Saturn system.
Unraveling the mechanism for paired electrocatalysis of organics with water as a feedstock
Authors: Yang Ganceng , Jiao Yanqing , Yan Haijing , Xie Ying , Tian Chungui , Wu Aiping , Wang Yu , Fu Honggang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPaired electroreduction and electrooxidation of organics with water as a feedstock to produce value-added chemicals is meaningful. A comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanism is critical for the catalyst design and relative area development. Here, we have systematically studied the mechanism of the paired electroreduction and electrooxidation of organics on Fe-Mo-based phosphide heterojunctions. It is shown that active H* species for organic electroreduction originate from water. As for organic electrooxidation, among various oxygen species (OH*, OOH*, and O*), OH* free radicals derived from the first step of water dissociation are identified as active species. Furthermore, explicit reaction pathways and their paired advantages are proposed based on theoretical calculations. The paired electrolyzer powered by a solar cell shows a low voltage of 1.594 V at 100 mA cm−2, faradaic efficiency of ≥99%, and remarkable cycle stability. This work provides a guide for sustainable synthesis of various value-added chemicals via paired electrocatalysis.
Phylogenomics and species delimitation of the economically important Black Basses (Micropterus)
Authors: Kim Daemin , Taylor Andrew T. , Near Thomas J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInformed management and conservation efforts are vital to sustainable recreational fishing and biodiversity conservation. Because the taxonomic rank of species is important in conservation and management strategies, success of these efforts depends on accurate species delimitation. The Black Basses (Micropterus) are an iconic lineage of freshwater fishes that include some of the world’s most popular species for recreational fishing and world's most invasive species. Despite their popularity, previous studies to delimit species and lineages inMicropterussuffer from insufficient geographic coverage and uninformative molecular markers. Our phylogenomic analyses of ddRAD data result in the delimitation of 19 species ofMicropterus, which includes 14 described species, the undescribed but well-known Altamaha, Bartram’s, and Choctaw basses, and two additional undescribed species currently classified as Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu). We provide a revised delimitation of species in the Largemouth Bass complex that necessitates a change in scientific nomenclature:Micropterus salmoidesis retained for the Florida Bass andMicropterus nigricansis elevated from synonymy for the Largemouth Bass. The new understanding of diversity, distribution, and systematics of Black Basses will serve as important basis for the management and conservation of this charismatic and economically important clade of fishes.
Mechanisms underlying immune-related adverse events during checkpoint immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Chen Xiang , Han Leng , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) proteins are some of the most important factors that tumor cells hijack to escape immune surveillance, and inhibiting ICs to enhance or relieve antitumor immunity has been proven efficient in tumor treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents such as antibodies blocking programmed death (PD) 1, PD-1 ligand (PD-L) 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat several types of cancers. Although ICB agents have shown outstanding clinical success, and their application has continued to expand to additional tumor types in the past decade, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been observed in a wide range of patients who receive ICB treatment. Numerous studies have focused on the clinical manifestations and pathology of ICB-related irAEs, but the detailed mechanisms underlying irAEs remain largely unknown. Owing to the wide expression of IC molecules on distinct immune cell subpopulations and the fact that ICB agents generally affect IC-expressing cells, the influences of ICB agents on immune cells in irAEs need to be determined. Here, we discuss the expression and functions of IC proteins on distinct immune cells and the potential mechanism(s) related to ICB-targeted immune cell subsets in irAEs.
Angiotensin Receptors - Affinity and Beyond
Authors: Sumners Colin , Souza Silva Igor Maciel , Steckelings U. Muscha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This commentary on the article “Relative affinity of angiotensin peptides and novel ligands at AT1 and AT2 receptors” by Sanja Bosnyak et al. (Clini. Sci. (Lond.) (2011) 121(7): 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110036) summarises the main findings of the study, followed by a discussion of the findings and their relevance for various aspects of the biology of receptors of the renin-angiotensin system in the context of the current state of knowledge.
A Framework for implementing an ML or DL model to improve Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in the NTMA context, with an example on the dataset (CSE-CIC-IDS2018)
Authors: Azeroual Hakim , Belghiti Imane Daha , Berbiche Naoual 
Published: June 2022

The objective of this work is to present a framework to be followed to model, test, validate and implement a DL model for anomaly, abuse, malware or botnet detection, with the aim of implementing or improving an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) within the NTMA framework, by means of new machine learning and deep learning techniques, which addresses reliability and processing speed considerations.
The said process will be used to perform studies on ML and DL models used for cybersecurity in isolation and in combination to extract conclusions, which can help in the improvement of intrusion detection systems using massive data collection techniques used in Big-Data.
The example discussed in this work implemented part of our framework by applying the CNN algorithm on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. The results are encouraging for the use of ML in IDS, with an efficiency that exceeds 92% after 30 iterations. Thus, this model remains to be improved and tested on real networks.
Behavior of the Genetic Markers at Screening during the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Euploid Fetuses
Authors: Romero Infante Ximena Carolina , Uriel Montserrat , Gutiérrez Alejandra , Hernández María Fernanda , Hernández Andres Felipe , Jiménez Laura Catalina , Malagón-Rojas Jeadran Nevardo , Rincón Franco Sara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aims to describe the behavior of chromosomopathy screenings in euploid fetuses.
Methods This is a prospective descriptive study with 566 patients at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. The associations between ultrasound scans and serological variables were studied. For the quantitative variables we used the Spearman test; for the qualitative with quantitative variables the of Mann-Whitney U-test; and for qualitative variables, the X2 test was applied. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results We have found that gestational age has correlation with ductus venosus, nuchal translucency, free fraction of β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and placental growth factor; there is also a correlation between history of miscarriages and nasal bone. Furthermore, we correlated body mass index with nuchal translucency, free fraction of β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Maternal age was associated with free fraction of β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A.
Conclusion Our study demonstrates for the first time the behavior of the biochemical and ultrasonographic markers of chromosomopathy screenings during the first trimester in euploid fetuses in Colombia. Our information is consistent with international reference values. Moreover, we have shown the correlation of different variables with maternal characteristics to determine the variables that could help with development of a screening process during the first trimester with high detection rates.
Sociodemographic Factors Influencing Health Care–Seeking Behavior for Pediatric Epilepsy in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Wilson C. , Umeadi Esther N. , Echendu Sylvia T. , Odita Amalachukwu O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background Early presentation and initiation of appropriate anticonvulsants help in controlling epilepsy and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the health-seeking behavior for pediatric epilepsy among caregivers in Southeast Nigeria and the associated sociodemographic factors.

Methodology This study was a cross-sectional descriptive and questionnaire-based study. The participants were recruited consecutively.

Results Majority of the caregivers were mothers, had some formal education, and were employed. While 50% of these caregivers did not seek any home treatment for seizures, the other half offered various types of unorthodox home treatments. Treatments in primary and secondary levels of care were the most common form of first point of care outside the home. The most common reasons for the choice of care outside the home were advice from relations and belief in the efficacy of care offered. About 45% of the caregivers presented to tertiary level of care within 6 months of seizure onset. The major motivators for seeking care in tertiary level of care were health workers and families of children with epilepsy.

Conclusion There is a need to strengthen the primary and secondary levels of care through continuous medical education of health workers in these levels of care for effective management of epilepsy. This will help in making prompt and correct diagnosis, classification, and initiation of appropriate therapy in epilepsy.
Ensaios mecânicos monoaxiais nos ligamentos do joelho porcino
Authors: Rodarte Rodrigo Ribeiro Pinho , Guimarães João Antônio Matheus , Duarte Brenno Tavares , Kenedi Paulo Pedro , Pinho William Ribeiro 
Published: June 2022

ResumoA falha da reconstrução ligamentar tem diferentes fatores de risco, dentre os quais podemos destacar o período antes da sua incorporação, o qual configura um período mecânico vulnerável. A perda de resistência ao longo do tempo é uma característica dos tecidos vivos. A dissecção com as inserções ósseas dos ligamentos cruzados de modelos animais não é descrita; todavia, para os ensaios monoaxiais, é fundamental extrair as informações de ensaios como os de relaxação. O presente trabalho realiza a descrição da dissecção utilizada para a geração de corpo de prova para a realização de ensaios não destrutivos para avaliar o comportamento mecânico. Realizamos dissecção de quatro ligamentos de joelho porcino, propondo uma técnica de dissecção para os ligamentos cruzados com as inserções ósseas para comparação com os colaterais. Os ligamentos foram submetidos a testes de relaxação e foram colocadas strain gauges durante os testes. Os resultados mostraram comportamento viscoelástico, validado pelas strain gauges e com uma perda ao longo do tempo, sendo que, em alguns ligamentos, as perdas chegaram a até 20%, fator este a ser considerado em trabalhos futuros. O presente trabalho dissecou os quatro principais ligamentos do joelho, demonstrando a abordagem posterior que permite manter as suas inserções ósseas e descrevendo a fixação para os ensaios uniaxiais monotônicos, além de ter conseguido extrair o comportamento viscoelástico dos quatro ligamentos do joelho dentro dos limites fisiológicos do joelho.
Heterogeneity in cyber loss severity and its impact on cyber risk measurement
Authors: Eling Martin , Jung Kwangmin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe use the world’s largest publicly available dataset of operational risk to model cyber losses and show that the Tweedie model best fits the cyber loss severity in the financial industry. Three key determinants of loss severity are firm size, contagion risk and legal liability. We also measure the size of risk based on the estimation results and show a large degree of heterogeneity across financial firms. The results are particularly relevant with respect to the recent discussion on simplifying operational risk capital requirements and reiterate the importance of considering individual firm characteristics when modelling operational losses.
Crossbreeding with a tropically adapted
Authors: Schatz T. , Hearnden M. , Wheeler J. 
Published: June 2022

Context Cattle producers with Brahman herds considering crossbreeding with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed would like to know how the females retained for breeding are likely to perform. Currently, there is little relevant information available on their performance in the harsher regions of northern Australia. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the performance of F1 Senepol × Brahman (F1 Senepol) females in a harsh north Australian environment by comparing them with Brahmans. Methods The performance of four year groups of Brahman (total n = 499) and F1 Senepol (total n = 317) heifers was compared in the Katherine region (NT, Australia) using measures for growth, reproduction and survival. Heifers were first mated as 2-year-olds and the study concluded when the oldest year group was 9.5 years old. Cattle were mustered twice a year for data collection and weaning of calves. Key results F1 Senepol females were heavier (P < 0.001) than Brahmans at weaning (+25 kg) and at each subsequent muster. Mature F1 Senepol cows were on average 50 kg heavier (P < 0.001), 2 cm taller (P < 0.001) and had 2.4 mm lower P8 fat depth (P < 0.001). The mean pregnancy rate was higher in F1 Senepol maiden heifers (F1 Senepol 89.4%, Brahman 70.0%, P < 0.001), calf loss was higher for Brahman heifers calving for the first time (Brahman 14.4%, F1 Senepol 6.0%, P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in these measures between breeds at any other ages. The average annual weaning rates for the breeds were similar (F1 Senepol 59%, Brahman 57%), as was the mean annual female liveweight production (change in female liveweight plus weight of calf weaned). Average weaner weights were significantly heavier from F1 Senepol for first lactation heifers and 5.5-year-old cows (by 6 and 10 kg, respectively, P < 0.05), but only slightly heavier in all other years. There were no significant differences in cumulative mortality rates, for year groups or overall, between breeds. Conclusions This study found that F1 Senepol heifers outperformed Brahman heifers, and that mature cow performance of the breeds was similar. Implications These findings should reassure north Australian cattle producers who are considering crossbreeding Brahmans with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed that the performance of crossbred breeder herds will be similar to that of Brahmans.
Interactions among climate, topography, soil structure and rangeland aboveground net primary production
Authors: Mohammadi Moghaddam Samaneh , Gordon Lamb Eric , Ghorbani Ardavan , Arzani Hossein , Azizi Mobaser Javanshir , Mostafazadeh Raoof 
Published: June 2022

Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) of rangeland ecosystems is driven by interactions among multiple environmental factors. This study aimed to model the combined effects of precipitation, elevation, and soil conditions on ANPP variation along an elevation gradient. Ground surveys and vegetation sampling were conducted in 2016 through 26 sampling sites along two elevation profiles in the rangelands of Moghan-Sabalan, Ardabil Province, Iran. At each sampling site, the ANPP of each plant functional type (PFT; grasses, forbs, and shrubs) was measured, and soil samples were taken from 0–15 to 15–30 cm depth. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the factors affecting both total and PFT ANPP. Soil variables were the best predictors of grass (R2 = 0.51), forb (R2 = 0.61), shrub (R2 = 0.71), and total (R2 = 0.76) ANPP. The SEM interpretation suggested that precipitation is the most important direct driver of ANPP with R2 values of 0.20 (Total), 0.30 (Shrubs), 0.26 (Grasses), and 0.10 (Forbs). Whereas soil factors were good predictors in the regression models, the SEM models demonstrated that soil factors were generally unimportant compared with climate, likely owing to the close links between soil-forming factors and climate. The results make it possible to estimate annual ANPP combined with climate forecasts and leads to more accurate estimates of future grazing capacity by policy makers and stakeholders.
DNA methylation signatures in airway cells from adult children of asthmatic mothers reflect subtypes of severe asthma
Authors: Magnaye Kevin M. , Clay Selene M. , Nicodemus-Johnson Jessie , Naughton Katherine A. , Huffman Janel , Altman Matthew C. , Jackson Daniel J. , Gern James E. , Hogarth Douglas K. , Naureckas Edward T. , White Steven R. , Ober Carole 
Published: June 2022

SignificanceMaternal asthma is one of the most replicated risk factors for childhood-onset asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We identified DNA methylation signatures in bronchial epithelial cells from adults with asthma that were specific to those with a mother with asthma. These maternal asthma-associated methylation signatures were correlated with distinct gene regulatory pathways and clinical features. Genes in 16 pathways discriminated cases with and without maternal asthma and suggested impaired T cell signaling and responses to viral and bacterial pathogens in asthmatic children of an asthmatic mother. Our findings suggest that the prenatal environment in pregnancies of mothers with asthma alters epigenetically mediated developmental programs that may lead to severe asthma in their children through diverse gene regulatory pathways.
Rhabdomyosarcomas are oncogene addicted to the activation of AVIL
Authors: Xie Zhongqiu , Janczyk Pawel L. , Shi Xinrui , Wang Qiong , Singh Sandeep , Cornelison Robert , Xu Jingjing , Mandell James W. , Barr Frederic G. , Li Hui 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common pediatric soft-tissue cancer. There are two main subtypes driven by distinct mechanisms. Currently, there is no targeted therapy for the disease. We found an oncogene AVIL, whose activity is often abnormally up-regulated in RMS. Silencing the gene kills RMS cells and prevents tumor formation in animals; yet, normal control cells are indifferent to the interference. Mechanistically, AVIL activation turns on both oncogene pathways in RMS. These findings support that AVIL may be a good therapeutic target and that targeting AVIL may be a viable approach for both types of RMS.
Rituximab abrogates aquaporin-4–specific germinal center activity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Damato Valentina , Theorell Jakob , Al-Diwani Adam , Kienzler Anne-Kathrin , Makuch Mateusz , Sun Bo , Handel Adam , Akdeniz Deniz , Berretta Antonio , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Fower Andrew , Whittam Daniel , Gibbons Emily , McGlashan Nicholas , Green Edward , Huda Saif , Woodhall Mark , Palace Jacqueline , Sheerin Fintan , Waters Patrick , Leite Maria I. , Jacob Anu , Irani Sarosh R. 
Published: June 2022

SignificanceBy studying paired blood and deep cervical lymph node samples from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, our data provide evidence for a germinal center–based generation of aquaporin-4 antibodies. Frequent serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin Ms (IgMs) and shifts in IgG subclasses were observed alongside preferential synthesis of aquaporin-4 IgGs and aquaporin-4–reactive B cells within lymph nodes. Both intranodal synthesis of aquaporin-4 antibodies and intranodal aquaporin-4–reactive B cells were robustly eliminated with rituximab administration. This study systematically explores lymph nodes that drain the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with CNS autoimmunity and offers a potential explanation as to why rituximab is clinically highly efficacious in autoantibody-mediated diseases despite no accompanying reduction in serum autoantibody levels.
Vaccination of household chickens results in a shift in young children’s diet and improves child growth in rural Kenya
Authors: Otiang Elkanah , Yoder Jonathan , Manian Shanthi , Campbell Zoë A. , Thumbi Samuel M. , Njagi Lucy W. , Nyaga Philip N. , Palmer Guy H. 
Published: June 2022

Significance
This randomized, controlled trial demonstrates that by relieving a constraint on household nutritional assets, here through reducing chicken mortality through vaccination, households make dietary choices for young children that increase consumption of protein- and micronutrient-rich foods and decrease relative consumption of high-carbohydrate, low-protein grains. The study provides causal evidence that this shift in diet results in improved height for age, a key measure of childhood stunting. Given the high prevalence of childhood growth failure in rural Africa, these results highlight the potential to increase the utility of a common household animal asset to reduce the burden of childhood stunting in these communities.