bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation of Reconfigurable Optical Logic Gates for Integrated Optical Circuits
Authors: Soma Savita , Gowre Sanjaykumar C , Sonth Mahesh V , Gadgay Baswaraj 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The proposed work presents a new structure that can be used as reconfigurable optical logic gates. This structure is constructed in a two dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PhCs). Logic gates like AND, NOT and NOR are realized by using the proposed structure. These optical logic gates are constructed in 6 µm * 6 µm in 2D PhCs square lattice with a lattice constant a=0.648 µm. All the gates are realized by creating structural disorders in the cross-waveguide geometries of 2D PhCs. The several performance parameters are examined using this structure and observed that proposed structure has reduced size, fast response time of 0.46ps, high bit rates of 2.14Tbits/sec and better contrast ratio of 8.6dB against the existing designs. The signal amplitude larger than 0.5 arbitrary units (a.u.) and less than 0.1 (a.u.) at output are considered as logic ‘1’ and ‘0’ respectively. The plane wave expansion (PWE) is utilised to get the band gap for this logic gate 2D PhC structure and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is utilised to investigate their performance in terms of light travelling in the crystal lattice structure. The gates are implemented in third optical window at the wavelength of 1.55 µm and can be used in photonic integrated circuits for signal processing in optical communication.
Enhancement of acarbose production by rational genetic engineering and process optimization in Actinoplanes sp. SIPI12-34
Authors: Li Zhenxin , Yang Songbai , Zhang Zhengyu , Wu Yuanjie , Tang Jiawei , Wang Luoju , Chen Shaoxin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Acarbose, as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is widely used clinically to treat type II diabetes. In its industrial production, Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 is used as the production strain. Lack of research on its regulatory mechanisms and unexplored gene targets are major obstacles to rational strain design. Here, transcriptome sequencing was applied to uncover more gene targets and rational genetic engineering was performed to increase acarbose production.
Results
In this study, with the help of transcriptome information, a TetR family regulator (TetR1) was identified and confirmed to have a positive effect on the synthesis of acarbose by promoting the expression of acbB and acbD. Some genes with low expression levels in the acarbose biosynthesis gene cluster were overexpressed and this resulted in a significant increase in acarbose yield. In addition, the regulation of metabolic pathways was performed to retain more glucose-1-phosphate for acarbose synthesis by weakening the glycogen synthesis pathway and strengthening the glycogen degradation pathway. Eventually, with a combination of multiple strategies and optimization of culture conditions, the yield of acarbose reached 8.04 g/L, which is the highest fermentation titer reported.
Conclusions
In our research, acarbose production was significantly improved through genetic engineering and process optimization, breaking through the production bottleneck of traditional screening and random mutagenesis.
Sb/C Composite Embedded in SiOC Buffer Matrix via Sb/MOF-Driven Dispersion Property for Novel Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Jeongeun , Kim Minjun , Ku Minkyeong , Kam Dayoung , Kim Hyung-Seok , Kim Sang-Ok , Jung Hun-Gi , Chung Kyung Yoon , Choi Wonchang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to vast sodium reserves, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are more cost-efficient to produce than lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, they are actively researched as next-generation energy storage materials. Antimony (Sb) is a promising anode material for SIB owing to its high theoretical capacity (660 mA·h·g−1) and an appropriate sodiation voltage. However, due to the rapid volume change during sodium intercalation and deintercalation, cycling stability is poor, presenting a significant obstacle to the practical application of SIBs. Alleviating the Sb volume expansion throughout the charging and discharging processes is the key to the practical implementation of Sb-based anodes. Herein, Sb/C–SiOC composites are prepared using the hydrogen bonding-based adsorption properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). First, Sb-MOFs are synthesized and uniformly dispersed in the SiOC precursor using the hydrogen bonding properties of Sb-MOFs. A simple pyrolysis technique is then used to produce Sb/C–SiOC composites wherein Sb/MOF-derived carbon is uniformly embedded in the SiOC matrix. The final product, the Sb/C–SiOC composites, exhibited significantly improved cycle performance, such as maintaining the initial capacity after 200 cycles by the SiOC matrix acting as a conductive buffer. Additionally, the presence of surface capacitively reactive MOF-derived mesoporous carbon and SiOC contributed to the improved rate performance. The hydrogen bond-based adsorption properties of the MOFs used in this study can be effectively applied to uniformly introduce a matrix or coating layer that relieves the volume expansion of high-capacity composite anodes, making it an effective strategy for developing alloy-based energy storage materials.
The effect of administration of A2a receptor antagonist on the activity of A2a R/CD37 pathway and induction of apoptosis in glioblastoma tumor cells in BALB/c mice
Authors: Barekat Fatemeh , Jafary Hanieh , Ghobeh Maryam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor with survival rate of about 20.5 months. Hence, investigation on the involved signaling pathways to treat the disease is urgently needed. CD73 and adenosine play key roles in tumor invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and chemical resistance of cancer cells. Theophylline are known as adenosine A2a receptor antagonists. Current study investigates the plausible impacts of theophylline in the mice model of glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: Initially, induction of glioblastoma tumor was performed within 10 days in male Balb/ C mice. Next, the mice were treated with theophylline for 14 days. Garcia's behavioral test was performed. Moreover, histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of A2a and CD73 proteins was assessed by western blotting. Additionally, the expression of VEGF was indicated by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL method. Finally, serum levels of MDA and SOD were investigated using the ELISA method. Results: Garcia's behavioral test indicated a reduction in behavioral and cognitive impairments in theophylline-treated mice. Pathological results demonstrated decreased tumor size and angiogenesis in treatment group. The presence of A2a and CD73 proteins were lower in the treated mice. Moreover, immunohistochemistry investigations showed a decline in VEGF expression in brain tissue and angiogenesis in the theophylline-treated group compared to the control group. Finally, serum levels of MDA and SOD were reduced in theophylline-treated mice. Conclusion: Theophylline seem to ameliorate glioblastoma cancer by improving CD73 or adenosine signaling.
Comparison of Osteoarthritis Progression Following Tibial plateau Leveling Osteotomy performed by either locking (LCP) or dynamic compression plates (DCP) in dogs: A retrospective radiographic study of 36 stifles
Authors: G Almenshawy E. , Salem Mohamed , samy Alaa , Abouelnasr Khaled 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed to compare degree of osteoarthritic (OA) changes following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) performed by the use of either locking compression plates (LCP) or dynamic compression plates (DCP), following rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (CCLR) in dogs. Radiographic OA changes were evaluated in pre and post-operative radiographs of 36 stifles following TPLO using OA modified scale. Two groups were evaluated; first with CCLR operated with DCP plates, while the Second group corrected with LCP plates. Age, weight, pre- and post- operative TPA, required tibial plateau rotation, pre- and post- operative OA changes were evaluated and compared statistically using mean (m), standard deviation (SD), standard error of mean (SEM), Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test “paired and unpaired”. Statistical significance was set at p-value 0.05. Within 9 months following TPLO, second group stifles (DCP) were associated with increased OA mean more than first group (LCP) with highly significant difference (p-value ≤ 0.0001). In conclusion, LCP plates, as synthes clover- leaf LCP, were associated with less degree of OA changes in the long run follow up, while DCP TPLO, as Slocum plates, induced increased osteoarthritis progression in long term.
Numerical study on local contact conditions on rough surface under press hardening
Authors: Deng Liang , Pelcastre Leonardo , Mozgovoy Sergej , Lu Daixin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The primary concern of press hardening for a manufacturer is productivity, which can deteriorate owing to wear. The harsh tribological behaviours, such as increasingly frictional force and severe wear, result in blank rupture, surface scratches, and shape deviation of the formed parts, which increases the cost and time required for maintenance. Furthermore, the harsh tribological behaviours occur suddenly and develop unpredictably. To understand the mechanism behind the harsh tribological behaviours during consecutive stamping strokes, a dedicatedly tribological test that highly reproduced the press hardening conditions was conducted. A finite element (FE) simulation of the interface between the blank and the tool steel was established. The FE simulation mimicking the sliding process of the tribological test involved the real surface topography, which aimed to obtain the local contact conditions. The effects of the nominal pressure and range of the friction coefficient on the local contact conditions were studied. It was found that the local contact conditions in terms of contact pressure, contact area, and sliding distance differed from the nominal values. The present FE simulation with a rough surface explores the possible length scale of the surface topography, where the calculated parameters may be the main factors affecting wear. Furthermore, the correlation between the test variables and local contact conditions appears to be a potential method for optimising the process parameters and lubricity.
Influence of environmental conditions on lipid accumulation by the alga Halochlorella rubescens
Authors: Anbalagan Lavanya , Serri Noor Aziah , Kassim Mohd Asyraf , Merican Faradina , Convey Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Lipids from microalgae have been studied for their potential application in various industries, such as cosmetics, biofuel, pharmaceuticals and animal feed. This study investigates the effects of different aspects of cultivation conditions (pH, the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their concentrations, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and light intensity) on lipid content and formation kinetics of the alga Halochlorella rubescens in a tubular photobioreactor. The highest lipid content (38.45 ± 1.018%) and maximum biomass production (0.3468 ± 0.004 g L− 1) were achieved in nitrogen-depleted medium at pH 9, 15% CO2 and 4000 lux after optimisation using the one variable at a time (OVAT) approach. The application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the functional groups of lipids present in the wavelength range of 3012 − 2809 cm− 1 and 1745 − 1734 cm− 1. Use of the Leudeking-Piret model revealed that lipid production by H. rubescens is growth-associated under different cultivation conditions. Analysis of the lipids produced confirmed that the major fatty acids under optimum conditions were palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), oleic acid (C18:1) cis and linoleic acid (C18:2) cis. The tubular photobioreactor was confirmed to be suitable for the cultivation of H. rubescens under optimal conditions, and the fatty acids produced are relevant both for biodiesel production and as an excellent source of polyunsaturated fatty acids suitable for human consumption.
Higher Education Perceived Stress and Physical Stress: Big Data Analysis.
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Zhou Jincheng , Hai Tao , Zhang Shixue , Osamor Jude , Iwendi Marvellous GodsPraise , Shah Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Like other countries, China has suffered severe consequences as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic. The lockdown, physical distancing, social isolation has disrupted the day-to-day activities of its citizens. The higher education sector has had to adopt state-of-the-art technologies and use online platforms to hold classes in order to engage students and ensure the continuity of education for an effective learning process. The second wave and Delta variant of the virus compelled numerous Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) to start offline and remote work for both academic and non-academic staff; a stressful ordeal for them. Teaching has always been a stressful career path, and the stress faced by teachers has adverse consequences on the learning and performance of students. In this paper, we aim to identify and study the stress HEIs staff perceive and its impact on their physical stress and wellbeing. The resilient coping mechanism was evaluated as a moderator in the relationship between the staff and faculty’s perceived and physical stress. Using a standard survey questionnaire, 500 responses were collected. The findings revealed that the staff with the highest perceived stress also showed high symptoms of physical stress. It also indicated that resilience copers experienced reduced or very inconsequential symptoms of physical stress regardless of high perceived stress, thus validating the important moderating function of resilience in the relationship between the physical and perceived stress of the employees.
Assessment of climate characteristics and long-term trends of rainfall and drought in the Congo River Basin
Authors: Mabrouk Eman Hassan , Moursy Fawzia Ibrahim , Morsy Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to assess patterns, variability, and trends of rainfall and meteorological drought and identify the different climatic zones using 42-year monthly TerraClimate gridded precipitation data at 23 sites distributed to cover the entire Congo River Basin. The spatial distribution of seasonal rainfall and the Köppen climate classifications indicated that the Congo River Basin has three main climatic zones. Where the highest rainfall is received in zone A (north of 2.5°N) during June–August (JJA), in zone B (3.5°S–2.5°N) during March–May (MAM) and September–November (SON), and in zone C (south of 3.5°S) during December–February (DJF). The Mann–Kendall (M–K) trend analysis of seasonal and annual patterns of rainfall and standardized precipitation drought index (SPI) revealed that there were significant negative trends in most of the three climatic Congo zones except for slight positive trends in small parts within zone C, especially during JJA, which are found sometimes in zone B. Finally, the three Congo climatic zones are characterized by negative trends for seasonal and annual data of both rainfall and the SPI, indicating increased drought risks in the Congo Basin except for small parts in zone C which have positive (wet) trends, especially during JJA followed by DJF.
Water policy reform in the Nigeria water governance system: assessment of water resources management based on OECD Principles on Water Governance
Authors: Ukpai Stephen Nwoba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Conflicts of interest due to cultural, political, and social oversights have threatened effective and efficient corporate water governance in Nigeria. This has affected the inclusive participation of stakeholders, policy makers and the relevant agencies of the water resources management, thus hampering good water governance. Assessing the water governance impacts based on frameworks proposed for effective, efficient and inclusive governance was aimed. Information contributing to the governance input was highlighted by analyzing hydrological units that characterized Nigerian watersheds. Toxicological index (Ti) values were presented as a practical guideline to assessing water policy outcomes. The (Ti) ≥ 1.0 dominated; signifying the water resources exposed to toxic environments. High pollutant loads associated with public health deterioration across Nigeria are considered as impacts indicating lagged water governance. While the lagged governance output manifested in some diseases relating to deficient access to potable water supply/poor sanitation services like Blue Baby syndrome, Renal/liver/lung diseases and blood cancer, the outcome showed an absence of health and social wellbeing. These indicators demonstrate the need for incorporating Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles on Water Governance in the Nigerian water governance system. Notably, flexibility across all governance levels can enable shared responsibility to balance economic activities and the ecological wellbeing.
Drinking water consumption habits during intermittent service in Sector Riberas de Sacramento, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Mendoza García Carlos David , Navarro Gomez Carmen Julia , Valencia Cortez Arnoldo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The perception of a service provided can be obtained using subjective surveys based on the population's physical, economic and social characteristics. This study focuses on the use of standardized surveys to obtain users' perception of a drinking water service, as well as measuring domestic consumption with water meters and pressure data, using specialized recorders to identify daily patterns in water use and consumption. Factors can be identified indicating drinking water use patterns among the sector's inhabitants throughout the day, week and month, and taking climatic factors into account, by analyzing consumption habits and the related measurements. An important point that is defined is the demand factor, to indicate key points in estimating existing and future demand based on an intermittent supply. The study includes a proposal for a management model based on the demand factor, with which the sector's consumption needs are solved and drinking water supply is efficient. The results obtained gave us an overview of water losses, awareness of the value of the drinking water service, and the users' interest in taking care of it.
Therapeutic Approaches to the Treatment of Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Hays Sheryl J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Microglia cells are present in the central nervous system and respond quickly to pathogenic stimuli in order to protect the brain. When these immunological responses activate inappropriately or are prolonged, they can contribute to the neuronal damage observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of immune system modulators including complement proteins, inflammatory cytokines such IL- 1 a, IL-Ip, IL-3, lL-6, TNF­
a. and Sloop, colony-stimulating factor-], coagulation proteins and matrix metalloproteases are made by both
microglia and astrocytes. Additionally astrocytes, the predominant glial component of the brain, express cell­ adhesion molecules, cytokine receptors and induce nitric oxide synthease. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis suggest that a large portion of the irreversible damage observed can be attributed to a neurointlammatory mechanism. The immunomodulators of these diseases are reviewed and new agents within specific molecular mechanisms are presented and discussed.
Effects of Time Utilization on the Well-being of College Athletes
Authors: Santos Jay C. , Sagas Michael 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Considering that college student-athletes spend a lot of time attending to academic and athletic tasks, their well-being can be compromised. Published literature on the impact of time demands on the well-being of college student-athletes is limited. Hence, the scholarly place of the current study is warranted.

Objective:
This research investigated the effects of academic time use and athletic time use on the subjective, emotional, and physical well-being of college student-athletes.

Methods:
A subset of the NCAA GOALS data, which included 5,042 student-athletes, was utilized. Two research questions were examined: (1) to what extent does academic time use predict subjective, emotional, and physical well-being? and (2) to what extent does athletic time use predict subjective, emotional, and physical well-being? and (2) to what extent does athletic time use predict subjective, emotional, and physical well-being? A series of two-step hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Race, gender, and NCAA division level were used as control variables.

Results and Discussion:
Results revealed that academic time use is a significant positive predictor of subjective well-being. Moreover, athletic time use is also a significant predictor of all well-being indicators. It positively predicted subjective well-being but negatively predicted emotional and physical well-being.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that both academic and athletic time utilizations are significant predictors of subjective well-being but in varying directions.