bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Biologic Response Modifiers to the Risk of Coccidioidomycosis Severity
Authors: Donovan Fariba M , Ramadan Ferris A , Lim James R , Buchfuhrer Julia E , Khan Rebia N , DeQuillfeldt Natalie P , Davis Natalie M , Kaveti Ashwini , De Shadarevian Melanie , Bedrick Edward J , Galgiani John N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The risk of coccidioidomycosis (CM) as a life-threatening respiratory illness or disseminated CM (DCM) increases as much as 150-fold in immunosuppressed patients. The safety of biologic response modifiers (BRMs) as treatment for patients with autoimmune disease (AI) in CM-endemic regions is not well defined. We sought to determine that risk in the Tucson and Phoenix areas.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study reviewing demographics, Arizona residency length, clinical presentations, specific AI diagnoses, CM test results, and BRM treatments in electronic medical records of patients ≥18 years old with International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes for CM and AI from 1 October 2017 to 31 December 2019.

Results
We reviewed 944 charts with overlapping ICD-10 codes for CM and AI, of which 138 were confirmed to have both diagnoses. Male sex was associated with more CM (P = .003), and patients with African ancestry were 3 times more likely than those with European ancestry to develop DCM (P &lt; .001). Comparing CM+/AI+ (n = 138) with CM+/AI– (n = 449) patients, there were no significant differences in CM clinical presentations. Patients receiving BRMs had 2.4 times more DCM compared to pulmonary CM (PCM).

Conclusions
AI does not increase the risk of any specific CM clinical presentation, and BRM treatment of most AI patients does not lead to severe CM. However, BRMs significantly increase the risk of DCM, and prospective studies are needed to identify the immunogenetic subset that permits BRM-associated DCM.
The Importance of Being Authorized: The Genesis, Limitations, and Legacy of the Marriage Act 1898
Authors: Probert Rebecca , Akhtar Rajnaara C , Blake Sharon , Vora Vishal , Barton Tania 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Every place of worship that is registered for weddings is able to appoint its own ‘authorised person’ to replace the civil registrar who would otherwise be required to attend weddings there. Nonetheless, 120 years after this option was first introduced by the Marriage Act 1898, there are still many places of worship with no authorised person. With provisional proposals for an officiant-based system having been put forward by the Law Commission, it is essential to understand why the existing option of being authorised has not been taken up more widely, and whether there would be similar issues with the Commission's proposed scheme. In this article we draw on a combination of historical and empirical research to analyse the past, present and possible future of the law in this area. The option of being authorised was, from the start, hedged around with restrictions. It is also not well understood, and some of those who wish to be authorised experience challenges in engaging with the system. Participants preferred the option of being an officiant, and their comments and experiences provide a useful insight into how the Law Commission's scheme would need to be implemented.
Meaning, Rationality, and Guidance
Authors: Sultanescu Olivia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, Saul Kripke articulates a form of scepticism about meaning. Even though there is considerable disagreement among critics about the reasoning in which the sceptic engages, there is little doubt that he seeks to offer constraints for an adequate account of the facts that constitute the meaningfulness of expressions. Many of the sceptic's remarks concern the nature of the guidance involved in a speaker's meaningful uses of expressions. I propose that we understand those remarks as seeking to give shape to the idea that to use an expression under the guidance of one's understanding is to have a reason for that use, which one's understanding allows one to discern and act on. Any philosophical elucidation of meaning must adequately capture the rational nature of our linguistic acts.
Prevalence of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Rompsaithong Ukrit , Sirithanaphol Wichien , Mahakkanukrauh Ajanee , Suwannaroj Siraphop , Foocharoen Chingching 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in SSc. The severity of symptoms can affect the quality of life (QOL); however, LUTS is often neglected during routine assessments. We determined the prevalence of moderate to severe LUTS in SSc and its associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2020 and June 2020. Adult SSc patients were enrolled from the Scleroderma Clinic, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. All completed a self-administered questionnaire on LUTS using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), categorized into absent, mild, moderate or severe LUTS. In addition, we investigated the factors associated with moderate to severe LUTS, and the correlation between IPSS-QOL score and IPSS severity.

Results
A total of 135 patients were enrolled. Most cases were female (87 cases; 64.4%) and had dcSSc (88 cases; 65.2%). Twenty-six were defined as having moderate to severe LUTS, for a prevalence of 19.3% (95% CI 13.0, 26.9%). In addition, most had storage symptoms (63.0%), followed by voiding symptoms (19.3%) and post-voiding symptoms (12.6%). The factors associated with moderate to severe LUTS per the multivariable logistic regression included a modified Rodnan skin score ≥20 points and gastrointestinal symptoms with adjusted odds ratios 7.64 and 5.78, respectively. In addition, the IPSS-QOL score had a moderate positive correlation with IPSS severity (rho = 0.560, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Moderate to severe LUTS occurred in about one-fifth of SSc patients, particularly those with extensive skin tightness and gastrointestinal involvement. The more severe the LUTS, the poorer the QOL.
Effectiveness of baricitinib and tofacitinib compared with bDMARDs in RA: results from a cohort study using nationwide Swedish register data
Authors: Barbulescu Andrei , Askling Johan , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena , Kastbom Alf , Lindström Ulf , Turesson Carl , Frisell Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the use of baricitinib and tofacitinib by Swedish RA patients and to compare their effectiveness with that of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs).

Methods
RA patients who initiated baricitinib (n = 1420), tofacitinib (n = 316), abatacept (n = 1050), IL-6 inhibitors (IL-6is; n = 849), rituximab (n = 1101) or TNF inhibitors (TNFis; n = 6036) between January 2017 and November 2019 were followed for a minimum of 1 year using data from several linked Swedish national registers. Proportions reaching a good EULAR 28-joint DAS (DAS28) response, HAQ Disability Index (HAQ-DI) improvement &gt;0.2 units and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission were compared at 1 year, imputing discontinued treatments as ‘non-response’. Additionally, we compared drug retention and changes in DAS28, HAQ-DI and CDAI from baseline to 3 months after treatment initiation.

Results
On average, baricitinib, and particularly tofacitinib, were initiated as later lines of therapy and more frequently as monotherapy compared with rituximab and TNFi. Adjusted 1 year response proportions were consistently lower on TNFi compared with baricitinib, with differences of −4.3 percentage points (95% CI −8.7, 0.1) for good EULAR response, −9.9 (−14.4 to −5.4) for HAQ-DI improvement and −6.0 (−9.8 to −2.2) for CDAI remission. Comparisons with non-TNFi bDMARDs also favoured baricitinib, but not consistently. Treatment responses for tofacitinib were only marginally lower than those for baricitinib and generally similar to those of bDMARDs, with precision limited by low power. Comparisons of drug retention and changes in disease activity from baseline to 3 months supported the 1 year findings.

Conclusions
Baricitinib and tofacitinib showed at least equivalent effectiveness compared with bDMARDs after exploring several different effectiveness measures.
Effects of antimicrobial addition on lipid oxidation of rendered chicken fat
Authors: Dhakal Janak , Holt Dalton , Aldrich Charles G , Knueven Carl 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial acidulant addition on lipid oxidation of rendered chicken fat. Chicken fat was untreated (control) or treated with either sodium bisulfate (SBS) or lactic acid (LA) at 0.5% w/w and incubated for 6 wk at 40 °C. Peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AV), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured at days 0 (D0), 1(D1), 3 (D3), 5 (D5), and 7 (D7), and weeks 2 (W2), 3 (W3), 4 (W4), 5 (W5), and 6 (W6). The FFA level of untreated-control fat was ~7% and remained consistent throughout the incubation until W6 (~8.5%; P &lt; 0.05). The FFA values in SBS-treated fat were constant (range 7.25%–8.30%) throughout the incubation, whereas the FFA in LA-treated fat peaked at W5 (9.3%; P &lt; 0.05). For the control fat, PVs were between 0.56 and 0.67 meq/100 g until W1 then declined. For the SBS-treated fat, the PVs remained low and similar to the control with the exception of a slight increase on W4 to 0.38 meqv/100 g (P &lt; 0.05). In the LA-treated fat, the PV was greater than (P &lt; 0.05) the control from W1 and increased to a peak on W5 (2.52 meq/100 g). The AV of control fat averaged 2.12 at D0 and increased through W2. In control and LA-treated fat, the AV values declined slightly thereafter, whereas SBS-treated fat increased (P &lt; 0.05) to 10.28 on W5. This study indicates that when included at antimicrobial effective levels, LA may reduce the shelf-life of chicken fat, but SBS had a minimal effect over 6 wk of storage.
Effect of a Lactobacillus fermentation product on postweaning heifer performance
Authors: Hall John B , Bloomsburg Maggie R , Goddard Sandra A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to compare the effect of dietary inclusion of a prebiotic fermentation product of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LaP, RumaCell; 5 mL animal−1 d−1) or monensin on performance of replacement beef heifers. Heifers received a total mixed ration containing either LaP (n = 77) or monensin (MON; Rumensin; 200 mg animal−1 d−1; n = 79). Heifers were fed for 71 d in a GrowSafe unit, so individual feed intake could be measured. Heifers were weighed every 2 wk and feed efficiency calculated by residual feed intake (RFI). At the end of the RFI trial, heifers remained on their diets for an additional 27 d and were estrus synchronized using the 14-d CIDR + PG protocol and bred by artificial insemination (AI) followed by natural service. Prior to estrous synchronization, reproductive tract scores (RTS; 1 = infantile to 5 = cycling/presence of corpus luteum) were measured. Continuous variables were analyzed using generalized mixed models, whereas categorical data were analyzed by logistic regression. Body weights, average daily gain, feed intake, and RFI value were similar (P &gt; 0.30) among MON- and LaP-supplemented heifers. Across treatments, heifers gained 0.9 ± 0.1 kg/d while consuming 9.3 ± 0.5 kg of diets daily. Reproductive development as indicated by RTS was similar (P &gt; 0.28) between treatments. However, estrus response increased (P &lt; 0.01) and AI pregnancy rates tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.07) for MON compared to LaP heifers. In contrast, the percentage of heifers pregnant by 60 and 100 d (80.4% and 90.5%, respectively) was not different (P &gt; 0.33) for MON and LaP heifers. In conclusion, addition of LaP to replacement heifer diets may result in growth and reproductive performance similar to an ionophore, if dietary energy is adequate for normal heifer growth.
A time-series meta-transcriptomic analysis reveals the seasonal, host, and gender structure of mosquito viromes
Authors: Feng Yun , Gou Qin-yu , Yang Wei-hong , Wu Wei-chen , Wang Juan , Holmes Edward C , Liang Guodong , Shi Mang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although metagenomic sequencing has revealed high numbers of viruses in mosquitoes sampled globally, our understanding of how their diversity and abundance varies in time and space as well as by host species and gender remains unclear. To address this, we collected 23,109 mosquitoes over the course of 12 months from a bat-dwelling cave and a nearby village in Yunnan province, China. These samples were organized by mosquito species, mosquito gender, and sampling time for meta-transcriptomic sequencing. A total of 162 eukaryotic virus species were identified, of which 101 were novel, including representatives of seventeen RNA virus multi-family supergroups and four species of DNA virus from the families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Nudiviridae. In addition, two known vector-borne viruses—Japanese encephalitis virus and Banna virus—were found. Analyses of the entire virome revealed strikingly different viral compositions and abundance levels in warmer compared to colder months, a strong host structure at the level of mosquito species, and no substantial differences between those viruses harbored by male and female mosquitoes. At the scale of individual viruses, some were found to be ubiquitous throughout the year and across four mosquito species, while most of the other viruses were season and/or host specific. Collectively, this study reveals the diversity, dynamics, and evolution of the mosquito virome at a single location and sheds new lights on the ecology of these important vector animals.
Insights into the geographical origin and phylogeographical patterns ofParadisaeabirds-of-paradise
Authors: Stelbrink Björn , Von Rintelen Thomas , Richter Kirsten , Finstermeier Knut , Frahnert Sylke , Cracraft Joel , Hofreiter Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBirds-of-paradise represent a textbook example for geographical speciation and sexual selection. Perhaps the most iconic genus is Paradisaea, which is restricted to New Guinea and a few surrounding islands. Although several species concepts have been applied in the past to disentangle the different entities within this genus, no attempt has been made so far to uncover phylogeographical patterns based on a genetic dataset that includes multiple individuals per species. Here, we applied amplicon sequencing for the mitochondrial fragment Cytb for a total of 69 museum specimens representing all seven Paradisaea species described and inferred both phylogenetic relationships and colonization pathways across the island. Our analyses show that the most recent common ancestor of the diverging lineages within Paradisaea probably originated in the Late Miocene in the eastern part of the Central Range and suggest that tectonic processes played a key role in shaping the diversification and distribution of species. All species were recovered as monophyletic, except for those within the apoda–minor–raggiana clade, which comprises the allopatric and parapatric species P. apoda, P. minor and P. raggiana. The comparatively young divergence times, together with possible instances of mitochondrial introgression and incomplete lineage sorting, suggest recent speciation in this clade.
Drug Wins Designation as a Biosimilar Product to Humira
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: January 2022

Adalimumab-adbm (Cyltezo) has been approved as an interchangeable biosimilar product to adalimumab (Humira). This means it can be substituted at the pharmacy for Humira without being specified in the prescription.Nurses should inform patients who have been receiving Humira that they may receive Cyltezo instead, and that this is not a pharmacy error.
Perceived risk factors for weight gain, barriers, and facilitators related to weight loss experienced by perimenopausal women: focus group discussion and thematic analysis
Authors: Chopra Sakshi , Ranjan Piyush , Malhotra Anita , Verma Aditi , Kumari Archana , Sharma K. Aparna , Sarkar Siddharth , Vikram Naval K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to understand middle-aged perimenopausal women's perspectives and beliefs regarding their body weight status, and evaluate the barriers, and facilitators associated weight loss.

Methods:
Five focus group discussions were conducted with perimenopausal women (aged 40-55 y) who were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Discussions were conducted to understand their experiences related to weight management during the perimenopausal period. The discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed and data analysis was done using Atlas.ti software to generate codes, subthemes, and themes from the discussions.

Results:
A total of 23 women with a mean age of 46.6 ± 5.6 years were recruited. Several themes of risk factors of weight gain emerged like difficulty in physical activity, unhealthy eating, overeating, and religious and cultural practices. Appearance and prevention of health-related issues emerged as motivators of initiating weight loss. Barriers faced during weight loss included themes like difficulty in managing diet and activity, stress, socialization, and lack of time. Facilitators of weight loss included intrinsic motivation, experiencing early results and confidence in self-regulation.

Conclusion:
Women during their perimenopausal phase of life encounter a range of barriers and challenges related to weight loss. An understanding of these barriers might be useful to consider while planning strategies to regulate their weight.
Reconstruction of Digital Defects with the Free Proximal Ulnar Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Troisi Luigi , Zanchetta Francesco , Berner Juan Enrique , Mosillo Giuseppe , Pajardi Giorgio Eugenio 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The aim of post-traumatic digital reconstruction is to restore form and function, allowing early rehabilitation. In the absence of feasible local options, free tissue transfer can be a versatile and reliable alternative. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with the use of the free proximal ulnar artery perforator flap (PUPF).

Methods:
Our prospectively maintained free flap database was inquired for patients that had undergone digital reconstructions with free PUPFs.

Results:
Six patients that underwent digital reconstruction were eligible. The ipsilateral forearm was donor site of choice, with all flaps based on a perforator of the ulnar artery, without the need to compromise the main vessel. A superficial vein was routinely included with the flap. No flap failures were encountered. Mean hospital stay was 5.5 days, and all patients achieved a satisfactory functional result.

Conclusions:
The proximal ulnar perforator free flap offers an alternative for finger reconstruction, having the advantage of including thin and hairless skin from the proximal ulnar forearm. The vascular anatomy of the ulnar perforators seems to be constant. Furthermore, donor site morbidity is low, as the ulnar artery is not harvested with the flap, the donor site defect can generally be closed directly, and the scar is well concealed.
Blockade of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid receptor lowers blood pressure and alters vascular function in mice with smooth muscle-specific overexpression of CYP4A12-20-HETE synthase
Authors: Agostinucci Kevin , Hutcheson Rebecca , Hossain Sakib , Pascale Jonathan V. , Villegas Elizabeth , Zhang Frank , Adebesin Adeniyi Michael , Falck John R. , Gupte Sachin , Garcia Victor , Schwartzman Michal Laniado 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a vasoactive eicosanoid exhibiting effects on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) via G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) and include stimulation of contractility, migration, and growth. We examined whether VSMC-targeted overexpression of CYP4A12, the primary 20-HETE-producing enzyme in mice, is sufficient to promote hypertension.

Methods:
Mice with VSM-specific Cyp4a12 overexpression (Myh11-4a12) and their littermate controls (WT) were generated by crossbreeding Cyp4a12-floxed with Myh11-Cre mice. The 20-HETE receptor blocker, N-disodium succinate-20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-diencarboxamide (AAA), was administered in the drinking water. Experiments were carried out for 12 days. SBP was measured by tail cuff. Renal interlobar and mesenteric arteries were harvested for assessment of gene expression, 20-HETE levels, vascular contractility, vasodilation, and remodeling.

Results:
Vascular and circulatory levels of 20-HETE were several folds higher in Myh11-4a12 mice compared with WT. The Myh11-4a12 mice compared with WT were hypertensive (145 ± 2 vs. 127 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05) and their vasculature displayed a contractile phenotype exemplified by increased contractility, reduced vasodilatory capacity, and increased media to lumen ratio. All these features were reversed by the administration of AAA. The mechanism of increased contractility includes, at least in part, Rho-kinase activation followed by increased myosin light chain phosphorylation and activation of the contractile apparatus.

Conclusion:
VSM-specific Cyp4a12 overexpression is sufficient to alter VSM cell phenotype through changes in contractile markers and enhancement in contractility that promote hypertension and vascular dysfunction in a 20-HETE-dependent manner. The 20-HETE receptor GPR75 may represent a novel target for the treatment of hypertension and associated vascular conditions.
Deoxy-sphingolipids, oxidative stress, and vitamin C correlate with qualitative and quantitative patterns of small fiber dysfunction and degeneration
Authors: Dohrn Maike F. , Dumke Christina , Hornemann Thorsten , Nikolin Stefan , Lampert Angelika , Espenkott Volker , Vollert Jan , Ouwenbroek Annabelle , Zanella Martina , Schulz Jörg B. , Gess Burkhard , Rolke Roman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Defined by dysfunction or degeneration of Aδ and C fibers, small fiber neuropathies (SFNs) entail a relevant health burden. In 50% of cases, the underlying cause cannot be identified or treated. In 100 individuals (70% female individuals; mean age: 44.8 years) with an idiopathic, skin biopsy–confirmed SFN, we characterized the symptomatic spectrum and measured markers of oxidative stress (vitamin C, selenium, and glutathione) and inflammation (transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha), as well as neurotoxic 1-deoxy-sphingolipids. Neuropathic pain was the most abundant symptom (95%) and cause of daily life impairment (72%). Despite the common use of pain killers (64%), the painDETECT questionnaire revealed scores above 13 points in 80% of patients. In the quantitative sensory testing (QST), a dysfunction of Aδ fibers was observed in 70% and of C fibers in 44%, affecting the face, hands, or feet. Despite normal nerve conduction studies, QST revealed Aβ fiber involvement in 46% of patients' test areas. Despite absence of diabetes mellitus or mutations in SPTLC1 or SPTLC2, plasma 1-deoxy-sphingolipids were significantly higher in the sensory loss patient cluster when compared with those in patients with thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.01) or those in the healthy category (P < 0.1), correlating inversely with the intraepidermal nerve fiber density (1-deoxy-SA: P < 0.05, 1-deoxy-SO: P < 0.01). Patients with arterial hypertension, overweight (body mass index > 25 kg/m2), or hyperlipidemia showed significantly lower L-serine (arterial hypertension: P < 0.01) and higher 1-deoxy-sphingolipid levels (arterial hypertension: P < 0.001, overweight: P < 0.001, hyperlipidemia: P < 0.01). Lower vitamin C levels correlated with functional Aβ involvement (P < 0.05). Reduced glutathione was lower in patients with Aδ dysfunction (P < 0.05). Idiopathic SFNs are heterogeneous. As a new pathomechanism, plasma 1-deoxy-sphingolipids might link the metabolic syndrome with small fiber degeneration.