bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of caesarean section rates in Palestinian governmental hospitals
Authors: Shalash Aisha , Wahdan Yasmeen , Alsalman Hasan M. M. , Shehab Ala’a Jamal Kamel , Afifi Tayseer , Nabaa Hendia A. , Sarsour Iman , Jarour Naheel , Hamed Alaa , Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, the increased use of cesarean sections has become prevalent in high-income and low and middle-income countries. In Palestine, the rate had risen from 20.3% in 2014 to 25.1% in 2018. We have rates as high as 35.8% in some governmental hospitals and some as low as 15%. This study aimed to understand better why there is a variation in cesarean rates in governmental hospitals that use the same guidelines.

Methods
A qualitative and quantitative research approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 specialists, obstetrics and gynecologists, and midwives in five government hospitals. The hospitals were selected based on the 2017 Annual Health Report reported cesarean section rates. The interview guide was created with the support of specialists and researchers and was piloted. Questions focused mainly on adherence to the obstetric guidelines and barriers to the use, sources of information, training for healthcare providers, the hospital system, and the factors that affect decision-making. Each hospital's delivery records for one month were analyzed to determine the reason for each cesarean section.

Results
The results indicated that each governmental hospital at the system level had a different policy on cesarean sections. The National Guidelines were found to be interpreted differently among hospitals. One obstetrician-gynecologist decided on a cesarean section at high-rate hospitals, while low-rate hospitals used collective decision-making with empowered midwives. At the professional level, all hospitals urged the importance of a continuous training program to refresh the medical team knowledge, in-house training of new members joining the hospital, and discussion of cases subjective to obstetrician-gynecologists interpretations.

Conclusion
Several institutional factors were identified to strengthen the implementation of the national obstetric guidelines. For example, encouraging collective decision-making between obstetrician-gynecologists and midwives, promoting the use of a second opinion, and mandatory training.
The impacts of the National Medication Price-Negotiated Policy on the financial burden of cancer patients in Shandong province, China: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Ding Yi , Zheng Chao , Wei Xiaolin , Zhang Qi , Sun Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In order to further regulate the price of anticancer medication and alleviate the financial burden of cancer patients, the Chinese government implemented the National Medication Price-Negotiated Policy (NMPNP) in 2017. This study aims to assess the impacts of implementation of the NMPNP on the access of anticancer medication and the financial burden for cancer patients in Shandong province, and to provide evidence to inform the design of similar policies in other developing countries.

Methods
A quasi-experiment design of an interrupt time series analysis was conducted. The month of September 2017 was taken as the intervention point when the Shandong Provincial Reimbursement Drug Lists was updated based on the result of the NMPNP in 2017. The data used were the aggregated monthly claim data of cancer patients from 2016 to 2021, which were obtained from four cities in Shandong province. The outpatient and inpatient care visits per capita, proportion of OOP expenditure and medication costs in outpatient and inpatient medical costs were used as outcome variables. A segmented regression model was used to analyze the change of the access of anticancer medication and the financial burden for cancer patients.

Results
The outpatient care visits per capita significantly decreased after the intervention. Compared to preintervention trend, the proportion of OOP expenditure in outpatient medical costs decreased by average 0.25 percentage point per month (p <  0.0001) after the intervention, however the proportion of OOP expenditure in inpatient medical costs increased by 0.02 percentage point per month (p = 0.76). Since the intervention, the proportion of medication costs in outpatient medical costs averagely rose by 0.28 percentage point (p <  0.0001), and its implementation caused the proportion of medication costs in inpatient medical costs averagely decreased 0.2 percentage point (p <  0.0001).

Conclusions
The NMPNP improved the access of anticancer medication, and relieved the financial burden of outpatient care. However, it did not effectively alleviate the financial burden of inpatient care. Additionally, the NMPNP impacted the behavior of the healthcare providers. The policymakers should closely monitor the change of providers behaviors, and dynamically adjust financial incentives policies of healthcare providers during the implementation of similar medication price negotiated policies.
Interventions in the first 1000 days to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Celia , Carretero-Bravo Jesús , Ortega-Martín Esther , Ramos-Fiol Begoña , Ferriz-Mas Bernardo , Díaz-Rodríguez Mercedes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood obesity poses a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been an increase in interventions that begin in pregnancy, putting the concept of early programming and early risk factors into practice. The present study aims to update the findings regarding interventions in the first 1000 days of life.

Methods
A systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines was carried out in PubMed, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL to obtain the articles to be analysed. We included those studies published between 2016 and 2021. Human interventions that started within the first 1000 days of life and acted on at least one programming factor were included. Once selected, coding and quantitative content analysis was carried out to obtain a profile of the interventions during the first 1000 days.

Results
From all screened articles, 51 unique interventions, which met the selection criteria, were included. The majority of interventions (81%) took place in high-income areas. Almost all (86%) were targeted at the general population. The majority (54%) started in the second trimester of pregnancy. A clear majority (61%) ended at the time of birth. 44% of the interventions included all pregnant women. Only 48% of these interventions were focused on improving the nutritional status of the offspring in the short term. Most interventions collected the baby's weight at birth (68%).

Conclusions
It can be concluded that current interventions are not covering as many aspects as they should. Future research should be conducted more frequently in developing countries and target disadvantaged groups. These interventions should include all pregnant women, regardless of their nutritional status, aiming to cover as many programming factors as possible and extending through the first 1000 days of life, with body mass index or skinfolds as measures of effectiveness during this period.
Knowledge on diabetes and its related factors among the people with type 2 diabetes in Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Ongarj Passakorn , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem with complications related to knowledge guiding self-care. Limited knowledge might result in poor control of blood glucose, but there is no previous investigation measuring diabetes knowledge in people diagnosed with T2DM in Thailand. This study was aimed to investigate level of diabetes knowledge and related factors among people with T2DM in Thailand.

Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Northeastern province in Thailand among 276 people with T2DM, 195 women and 81 men, using a standardized self-report questionnaire, the Diabetes Knowledge Test. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and independent samples t-test.

Results
The majority of respondents had poor diabetes knowledge in all subscales; total knowledge of diabetes (96.7%), general knowledge of diabetes (71.7%), and insulin use knowledge (92.3%). There was no difference found in knowledge scores between males and females. Having finished secondary school education or higher, being employed, or having diabetes-related complications were related to increased total diabetes knowledge and general diabetes knowledge.

Conclusion
The people with T2DM had poor diabetes knowledge, and those using insulin also had poor knowledge about the use of insulin.
Prevalence and determinants of contraceptive method use among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age: a multilevel multinomial analysis
Authors: Kundu Satyajit , Kundu Subarna , Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Kabir Humayun , Al Banna Md. Hasan , Basu Saurav , Reza Hasan Mahmud , Hossain Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Much scholarly debate has centered on Bangladesh's family planning program (FPP) in lowering the country's fertility rate. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of using modern and traditional contraceptive methods and to determine the factors that explain the contraceptive methods use.

Methods
The study used data from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), which included 11,452 (weighted) women aged 15–49 years in the analysis. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the contraceptive method use.

Results
The prevalence of using modern contraceptive methods was 72.16%, while 14.58% of women used traditional methods in Bangladesh. In comparison to women in the 15–24 years age group, older women (35–49 years) were more unwilling to use modern contraceptive methods (RRR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.21–0.37). Women who had at least a living child were more likely to use both traditional and modern contraceptive methods (RRR: 4.37, 95% CI: 3.12–6.11). Similarly, given birth in the previous 5 years influenced women 2.41 times more to use modern method compared to those who had not given birth (RRR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.65–3.52). Husbands'/partners’ decision for using/not using contraception were positively associated with the use of both traditional (RRR: 4.49, 95% CI: 3.04–6.63) and modern methods (RRR: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.15–4.17) rather than using no method. This study suggests rural participants were 21% less likely to utilize modern methods than urban participants (RRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.94).

Conclusion
Bangladesh remains a focus for contraceptive use, as it is one of the most populous countries in South Asia. To lower the fertility rate, policymakers may design interventions to improve awareness especially targeting uneducated, and rural reproductive women in Bangladesh. The study also highlights the importance of male partners’ decision-making regarding women's contraceptive use.
Competency for Japanese novice medical laboratory scientists: a Delphi method
Authors: Maekawa Kiriko , Kotera Sayaka , Ohsaki Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Competency is used to channel abilities into successful processes and is employed in the medical field. Globally, several laboratory competencies exist, but the job descriptions of Japanese medical laboratory scientists differ from those of other countries and little evidence-based information on novice medical laboratory scientist competency is available in Japan. This study clarified the competencies of novice medical laboratory scientists based on various expert opinions in Japan.

Methods
The Delphi method was used to achieve an expert consensus on novice medical laboratory scientist competencies. We asked the participants to evaluate the importance of each item using the Likert scale and set 70% as the final consensus rate.

Results
We obtained 106/400 (26.5%) and 95/106 (89.6%) responses from participants in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Their professional experience mean ± standard deviation was 32.4 ± 6.0 years (range: 13–41). The average of each category consensus rate was > 99.1%. Ninety-five expert opinions converged and agreed that the competency comprised 8 categories and 54 items.

Conclusions
The survey results revealed that novice medical laboratory scientists were expected to have relatively higher main laboratory skill competencies in the ‘Preparation and analysis’ category than in other categories. Nevertheless, competencies in other categories required basic skills. In addition, our competencies contained unique competencies compared with others due to their divergent roles and their environment. Further research is warranted to explore assessment tools by developing a competency scale, thereby helping clarify the differences between ability and correlated factors. The unique competencies scale can help assess the efficacy of educational programmes for Japanese medical laboratory scientists.
Evaluation of nutrition literacy and nutrition knowledge level in nursing students: a study from Turkey
Authors: Mengi Çelik Özge , Semerci Remziye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe determination of nutritional knowledge and nutrition literacy among nursing students will enable nursing departments to establish the needs and solutions to enhance nutrition education in their education programs. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the nutrition literacy and nutrition knowledge level of nursing students.MethodThe study data were collected with ‘Information Form’, ‘Anthropometric Measurements’, ‘Nutrition Knowledge Level Scale for Adults’, and ‘Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults’. Analyzes were performed using descriptive and nonparametric tests.ResultsThe score of nutrition knowledge is 56.6 ± 6.8 and 50.5% of them have a good nutrition knowledge level. The total nutrition literacy score is 28.6 ± 4.4 and 91.6% of them have a sufficient nutrition literacy level. It was no significant difference between students’ characteristic features and nutrition knowledge score and nutrition literacy total score (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the nutrition knowledge score and the nutrition literacy total score and the nutrition literacy sub-sections scores (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt has been determined that the nutrition knowledge and nutrition literacy levels of nursing students correlated with each other. To improve students’ nutrition knowledge levels, as well as to improve their nutrition literacy and prevent non-communicable diseases nutrition lessons should be included in the curriculum.
Circulating adiponectin levels, expression of adiponectin receptors, and methylation of adiponectin gene promoter in relation to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kaiyrlykyzy Aiym , Umbayev Bauyrzhan , Masoud Abdul-Razak , Baibulatova Aida , Tsoy Andrey , Olzhayev Farkhad , Alzhanova Dinara , Zholdasbekova Gulnaz , Davletov Kairat , Akilzhanova Ainur , Askarova Sholpan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been documented, however, demonstrating controversial results. In this study, we investigated blood serum ADIPOQ levels, methylation of the adiponectin gene promoter, and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in blood samples isolated from AD patients and healthy controls.

Methods
We performed a case–control study including 248 subjects (98 AD patients and 150 healthy controls); ADIPOQ serum levels, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 levels in PBMC were measured by ELISA Kits, and ADIPOQ gene methylation was analyzed using methyl-specific PCR.

Results
Serum adiponectin levels were threefold higher in the AD group compared to the controls. We have also found a positive correlation between adiponectin and MMSE scores and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in AD patients. A significant difference in the proportion of methylation of the CpG sites at − 74 nt of the ADIPOQ gene promoter was detected in AD cases, and the levels of adiponectin in blood serum were significantly higher in methylated samples in the AD group compared to controls. The amount of AdipoR1 was significantly higher among AD subjects, while the expression of AdipoR2 did not vary between AD patients and controls.

Conclusion
These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the etiological factors leading to the development of dementia and may serve as a basis for the development of predictive biomarkers of AD.
Heterologous production and characterization of a pyomelanin of Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H4: a metabolite protecting against UV and free radicals, interacting with iron from minerals and exhibiting priming properties toward plant hairy roots
Authors: Styczynski Michal , Rogowska Agata , Nyabayo Christine , Decewicz Przemyslaw , Romaniuk Filip , Pączkowski Cezary , Szakiel Anna , Suessmuth Roderich , Dziewit Lukasz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments in the world. This region is inhabited by specifically adapted microorganisms that produce various unique secondary metabolites (e.g. pigments) enabling their survival under the harsh environmental conditions. It was already shown that these natural, biologically active molecules may find application in various fields of biotechnology.

Results
In this study, a cold-active brown-pigment-producing Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H4 strain was characterized. In-depth genomic analysis combined with the application of a fosmid expression system revealed two different pathways of melanin-like compounds biosynthesis by the ANT_H4 strain. The chromatographic behavior and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analyses allowed for the identification of the extracted melanin-like compound as a pyomelanin. Furthermore, optimization of the production and thorough functional analyses of the pyomelanin were performed to test its usability in biotechnology. It was confirmed that ANT_H4-derived pyomelanin increases the sun protection factor, enables scavenging of free radicals, and interacts with the iron from minerals. Moreover, it was shown for the first time that pyomelanin exhibits priming properties toward Calendula officinalis hairy roots in in vitro cultures.

Conclusions
Results of the study indicate the significant biotechnological potential of ANT_H4-derived pyomelanin and open opportunities for future applications. Taking into account protective features of analyzed pyomelanin it may be potentially used in medical biotechnology and cosmetology. Especially interesting was showing that pyomelanin exhibits priming properties toward hairy roots, which creates a perspective for its usage for the development of novel and sustainable agrotechnical solutions.
A balance between putting on the researcher’s hat and being a fellow human being: a researcher perspective on informal carer involvement in health and social care research
Authors: Malm Camilla , Jönson Håkan , Andersson Stefan , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic involvement in health and social care research is increasingly prioritized by policy-makers and research funders. Often, the impact of the involvement is described in terms of how it has contributed to the research outcomes and how it has affected the involved members of the public. There is a dearth of studies reporting from the perspective of researchers themselves of having involved members of the public in their research. Nevertheless, there is a general expectation for researchers to accept and embrace public involvement in research. This study aims to explore researchers’ views of involving informal carers in health and social care research.MethodsEleven individual in-depth interviews with researchers in the fields of social work, caring science, health science and medical science constituted the dataset of this qualitative study, inspired by discourse psychology.ResultsThe qualitative data analysis resulted in two interpretative repertoires describing researchers’ views of involving informal carers in research, “Philosophy of Science” and “Personal relationships and growth”. Both repertoires need to be recognized; however, as of today, the Philosophy of Science repertoire is more acknowledged, while the second repertoire describing empathy, relationships and emotions may be viewed as the researcher being “unprofessional”. Further, the findings highlighted the dual perspective of being a researcher and a carer as creating opportunities for growth on the part of the researcher, on both a professional and a personal level.ConclusionsResearchers and their research work would benefit from acknowledging, discussing and reporting both interpretative repertoires in their publications, as well as recognizing the benefit of dialectal positions, for example, having a dual perspective as both a researcher and an informal carer.
Trends and socio-demographic components of modern contraceptive use among sexually active women in Rwanda: a multivariate decomposition analysis
Authors: Kalinda Chester , Phiri Million , Chimpinde Kafiswe , Ishimwe Marie C. S. , Simona Simona J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The attainment of targets set for modern contraceptive use remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Rwanda, in its new Family Planning and Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health/Family Planning (FP/ASRH) Strategic Plan 2018–2024 has set the attainment of a contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) of 60% by 2024. To achieve this, identifying factors that enhance modern contraceptive use among sexually active women is critical.

Methods
We used three Rwanda Demographic Health Surveys (RDHS) datasets collected in 2010, 2015, and 2019/2020 in a multivariable decomposition analysis technique to describe trends and identify factors influencing change in modern contraceptive use among sexually active women aged 15–49 years. Results presented as coefficients and percentages took into consideration the complex survey design weighted using StataSE 17.

Results
Modern contraceptive use increased from 40% in 2010 to 52.4% in 2020 among sexually active women. About 23.7% of the overall percentage change in modern contraceptive use was attributable to women’s characteristics which included women’s education levels, number of living children, and being told about family planning at health facilities. Coefficients contributed 76.26% to the change in modern contraceptive use. This change was attributed to modern contraceptive use among young women between the age of 20–24 years, women’s education level, the number of living children, changes in family size, and being visited by community health workers.

Conclusion
Rwanda remains on course to archive its 2024 family planning targets. However, there is a need to enhance programs that target sexually active adolescents and young adults, and women from rural areas to sustain the gains made. Furthermore, continuous support of community health workers will be key in exceeding the set targets of modern contraceptive use among sexually active women in Rwanda.