bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical determinations of photophysiology along an ecological gradient in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Allen James G. , Dugenne Mathilde , Letelier Ricardo M. , White Angelicque E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotosynthesis acts as a fundamental control in the cycling of biologically reactive elements in the ocean. Modeling photosynthesis requires an understanding of its response to light, specifically the maximum rate of photosynthesis per photon absorbed and the irradiance level at which it becomes light‐saturated (Ek), though field measurements of these parameters are both time and labor intensive. As absorbed light either drives photosynthesis, is re‐emitted as fluorescence, or is converted to heat, fluorescence can be related to the photosynthetic response to light in that, as light increases, there exists an inflection point where the probability that excess absorbed energy is dissipated as heat increases and fluorescence yield is decreased. Accordingly, we use a combination of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence, particulate matter absorption spectra, and photosynthetically active radiation measurements to approximate this inflection irradiance (termed EFT) and relate it to modeled Ek along a transect from the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre to the edge of the more eutrophic subpolar gyre (~ 45°N). We find that EFT declines by a factor of 4× from values of 200–300 μmol photons m−2 s−1 in the oligotrophic gyre to 50–100 μmol photons m−2 s−1 north of the transition zone and correlates well with Ek from traditional data and models. This latitudinal pattern is associated with changes in biomass concentrations and the phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll ratio, as well as with changes in particulate carbon to nitrogen ratios. Collectively, these results demonstrate a promising framework to capture high‐resolution variability in a key photosynthetic parameter.
Food sources drive temporal variation in elemental stoichiometry of benthic consumers
Authors: Mäkelin Saara , Villnäs Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBenthic fauna plays an important role in mediating biogeochemical cycles in coastal areas by storing carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in their body tissues at theoretically homeostatic rates. To maintain homeostasis, the benthic consumers need to be in balance with their resource supply or alter their stoichiometric traits in response to environmental change. However, we lack an understanding regarding the potential variation in the C : N : P content ratios of benthic consumers, especially in marine coastal areas where stoichiometric shifts in macrofauna could have strong effects on sediment carbon and nutrient cycling. By monitoring two sites over a year, we quantified the magnitude and temporal stability of benthic faunal carbon and nutrient pools in coastal soft‐sediment habitats. Our results show that benthic fauna is not strictly homeostatic, but instead expresses temporal variation in C : N : P content. These aquatic consumers undergo ontogenetic changes in diet and morphology, which alter their stoichiometric characteristics. In addition, the faunal C : N : P ratios showed strong seasonal variation at both species and community level, and our results suggest that the stoichiometric traits of benthic consumers shift in response to food sources and environmental conditions. The ability to adapt to varying stoichiometric conditions is essential in face of the growing C : N : P imbalance occurring in marine and coastal ecosystems as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, it is critically important to identify the stoichiometric plasticity of different species, before environmental change causes a shift in benthic community composition that will alter functions on an ecosystem level.
The Kellogg property under generalized growth conditions
Authors: Harjulehto Petteri , Juusti Jonne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study minimizers of the Dirichlet φ‐energy integral with generalized Orlicz growth. We prove the Kellogg property, the set of irregular points has zero capacity, and give characterizations of semiregular boundary points. The results are new ever for the special cases double phase and Orlicz growth.
Dietary Blueberry Ameliorates Vascular Complications in Diabetic Mice Possibly through NOX4 and Modulates Composition and Functional Diversity of Gut Microbes
Authors: Petersen Chrissa , Bharat Divya , Wankhade Umesh D. , Kim Ji‐Seok , Cutler Brett Ronald , Denetso Christopher , Gholami Samira , Nelson Samantha , Bigley Jessica , Johnson Aspen , Chintapalli Sree V. , Piccolo Brian D. , Satheesh Babu Adhini Kuppuswamy , Paz Henry A. , Shankar Kartik , Symons J. David , Anandh Babu Pon Velayutham 
Published: February 2022

ScopeIn diabetes, endothelial inflammation and dysfunction play a pivotal role in the development of vascular disease. This study investigates the effect of dietary blueberries on vascular complications and gut microbiome in diabetic mice.Methods and ResultsSeven‐week‐old diabetic db/db mice consume a standard diet (db/db) or a diet supplemented with 3.8% freeze‐dried blueberry (db/db+BB) for 10 weeks. Control db/+ mice are fed a standard diet (db/+). Vascular inflammation is assessed by measuring monocyte binding to vasculature and inflammatory markers. Isometric tension procedures are used to assess mesenteric artery function. db/db mice exhibit enhanced vascular inflammation and reduced endothelial‐dependent vasorelaxation as compared to db/+ mice, but these are improved in db/db+BB mice. Blueberry supplementation reduces the expression of NOX4 and IκKβ in the aortic vessel and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from db/db+BB compared to db/db mice. The blueberry metabolites serum reduces glucose and palmitate induced endothelial inflammation in mouse aortic ECs. Further, blueberry supplementation increases commensal microbes and modulates the functional potential of gut microbes in diabetic mice.ConclusionDietary blueberry suppresses vascular inflammation, attenuates arterial endothelial dysfunction, and supports the growth of commensal microbes in diabetic mice. The endothelial‐specific vascular benefits of blueberries are mediated through NOX4 signaling.
Does specificity of electrodiagnostic test referrals predict test outcome in children?
Authors: McHugh John C. , O'Flaherty Eileen , Daly Nicole 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsElectrodiagnostic testing (EDX) is important in evaluation of pediatric neuromuscular disease. Non‐specific referrals have emerged as a leading reason for EDX in recent years. We examine whether referral‐specificity is predictive of test outcomes in children.MethodsEDX referrals and outcomes were audited over a 7‐year period from 2013 to 2020 at CHI‐Crumlin. Pre‐test details were coded and compared to EDX outcomes using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsEDX studies were performed in 702 children (median age 10.2 years). In 36% of patients, EDX‐referrals did not specify any pre‐test diagnosis. Mononeuropathy (24%) and polyneuropathy (15%) were the leading pre‐specified diagnoses as well as the most common test outcomes. Neurology and orthopedics/plastic surgery contributed the majority of referrals. Metabolic medicine and hematology/oncology were most likely to pre‐specify a working diagnosis and were the specialties with both the highest proportion of abnormal outcomes and referral accuracy. EDX abnormality was present in 42% of patients and was predicted by specificity of referral and the absence of pain as a leading symptom. The accuracy of specified pre‐test diagnoses was highest for suspected anterior horn cell disorders (67%). Accuracy of referrals, as well as abnormal test outcomes, were negatively predicted by the presence of pain as a leading symptom.DiscussionEDX is informative in children but the likelihood of abnormal test‐outcomes is diminished when a pre‐specified working diagnosis is lacking or when the primary reason for referral is pain.
A general isogeometric finite element formulation for rotation‐free shells with in‐plane bending of embedded fibers
Authors: Duong Thang X. , Itskov Mikhail , Sauer Roger A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents a general, nonlinear isogeometric finite element formulation for rotation‐free shells with embedded fibers that captures anisotropy in stretching, shearing, twisting, and bending—both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane. These capabilities allow for the simulation of large sheets of heterogeneous and fibrous materials either with or without matrix, such as textiles, composites, and pantographic structures. The work is a computational extension of our earlier theoretical work that extends existing Kirchhoff‐Love shell theory to incorporate the in‐plane bending resistance of initially straight or curved fibers. The formulation requires only displacement degrees‐of‐freedom to capture all mentioned modes of deformation. To this end, isogeometric shape functions are used in order to satisfy the required ‐continuity for bending across element boundaries. The proposed formulation can admit a wide range of material models, such as surface hyperelasticity that does not require any explicit thickness integration. To deal with possible material instability due to fiber compression, a stabilization scheme is added. Several benchmark examples are used to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed computational formulation.
H∞ model following control of linear parameter‐varying descriptor systems
Authors: Abdullah Ali A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe topic of model following control of linear parameter‐varying (LPV) descriptor systems is considered in this article. The main objective of using the model following control system is to ensure that the outputs of the LPV descriptor system track robustly the reference model outputs in the presence of bounded energy disturbances. The model following control system consists of three subsystems: an LPV feedforward controller, an LPV reference model, and an LPV descriptor dynamic output‐feedback controller. The design matrices of these three subsystems are obtained by solving a set of tractable LPV matrix equations and inequalities. Two descriptor systems: an electrical circuit and a DC motor with an unbalanced disc are modeled as LPV descriptor systems and then used to show the design steps. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model following control system.
Integration of immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification for molecular classification of pediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Yi , Yu Chih‐Hsiang , Yang Yung‐Li , Chang Ya‐Hsuan , Jou Shiann‐Tarng , Lin Kai‐Hsin , Lu Meng‐Yao , Chang Hsiu‐Hao , Chou Shu‐Wei , Ni Yu‐Ling , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Chen Hsuan‐Yu , Peng Steven Shinn‐Forng , Kuo Meng‐Fai , Yang Shih‐Hung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedulloblastoma (MB) is commonly classified into four molecular groups, that is, WNT, SHH, group 3, and group 4, for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.MethodsHere we applied immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) for the molecular classification of MB, and utilized multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to determine chromosomal alterations and specific gene amplifications.ResultsWe retrospectively enrolled 37 pediatric MB patients. Twenty‐three had genomic material available for gene/RNA analysis. For IHC, β‐catenin, GAB1, and YAP were the biomarkers to segregate MB into three subgroups, WNT (1/23), SHH (5/23), and non‐WNT/non‐SHH (17/23). However, four cases (17.3%) were found to be misclassified after analysis by RNA‐seq. The result of MLPA revealed two group 3 tumors carrying MYC amplification, and three SHH tumors harboring MYCN amplification. While IHC provided rapid subgroup stratification, it might result in incorrect subgrouping. Thus, validation of the IHC result with genomic data analysis by RNA‐seq or other tools would be preferred. In addition, MLPA can detect important genetic alterations and is helpful for the identifications of high‐risk patients.ConclusionsOur study revealed that integration of these diagnostic tools can provide a precise and timely classification of MB, optimizing an individualized, risk‐directed postoperative adjuvant therapy for these patients. This workflow can be applied in a countrywide fashion to guide future clinical trials for patients with MB.
Art‐based mindfulness at school: A culturally responsive approach to school mental health
Authors: Jones Janine M. , Lee Lisa H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs schools are increasingly tasked with improving student outcomes related to both academic and social and emotional wellbeing, digital interventions are becoming utilized as viable tools for successful outcomes. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a culturally responsive, art‐based mindfulness intervention called L.A.U.G.H.® (Let Art Unleash Great Happiness), in a diverse sample of 243 elementary school students. Using an iPad app, students practiced mindful breathing and created digital art in their classrooms. The app also measured students' moods, school connectedness, and joy of learning. The study design was a one‐group repeated measure intervention design where ratings were compared between Weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12 of the intervention. Results indicated that L.A.U.G.H.® time improved and increased students’ moods, School Connectedness, and Joy of Learning over time. Race played a significant role in how students rated their feelings about school, with significant effects that emerged among Black/African American and Asian American/Pacific Islander students. Both groups began with the lowest ratings of school connectedness and demonstrated significant improvements by Week 8. This study revealed results from a digital mindfulness intervention and highlighted the importance of a nuanced study of differential impacts of such interventions among diverse students.
Asian corn borer damage is affected by rind penetration strength of corn stalks in a spatiotemporally dependent manner
Authors: Guo Jingfei , He Kanglai , Meng Yujie , Hellmich Richard L. , Chen Shaojiang , Lopez Miriam D. , Lauter Nick , Wang Zhenying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAsian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is an important insect pest of maize throughout most of Asia. The rind of a maize stalk is a key barrier against corn borer larvae boring into the plant. There is a need to better understand the relationship between stalk strength and O. furnacalis larval injury, particularly for elite maize genotypes. To determine whether stalk strength is involved in maize resistance to O. furnacalis larval injury, 39 maize lines were evaluated in 2012 and 2013. Rind penetration strength (RPS) was measured at tassel (VT) and milk (R3) stages as a possible stalk resistance trait for O. furnacalis. RPS of primary ear internode at VT and R3 accounted for 37 and 38% of the variance in O. furnacalis injury (measured as number of holes) for simulated (artificially infested) first and second generation O. furnacalis, respectively. Relationships between stalk RPS values and tunnel length were weak. Results suggest that harder stalks have enhanced resistance to stalk boring but not to pith feeding or tunneling of O. furnacalis larvae. The RPS measures could provide classical maize breeders an important tool for evaluating stalk strength and corn borer resistance in maize. The assessments should focus on the internodes primary ear or above/below primary ear during both VT stage for first generation and R3 stage for second generation O. furnacalis resistance.
Chlamydomonas ATX1 is essential for Cu distribution to multiple cupro‐enzymes and maintenance of biomass in conditions demanding cupro‐enzyme‐dependent metabolic pathways
Authors: Pham Keegan L. J. , Schmollinger Stefan , Merchant Sabeeha S. , Strenkert Daniela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCopper (Cu) chaperones, of which yeast ATX1 is a prototype, are small proteins with a Cu(I) binding MxCxxC motif and are responsible for directing intracellular Cu toward specific client protein targets that use Cu as a cofactor. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ATX1 (CrATX1) was identified by its high sequence similarity with yeast ATX1. Like the yeast homologue, CrATX1 accumulates in iron‐deficient cells (but is not impacted by other metal‐deficiencies). N‐ and C‐terminally YFP‐ATX1 fusion proteins are distributed in the cytoplasm. Reverse genetic analysis using artificial microRNA (amiRNA) to generate lines with reduced CrATX1 abundance and CRISPR/Cpf1 to generate atx1 knockout lines validated a function for ATX1 in iron‐poor cells, again reminiscent of yeast ATX1, most likely because of an impact on metalation of the multicopper oxidase FOX1, which is an important component in high‐affinity iron uptake. We further identify other candidate ATX1 targets owing to reduced growth of atx1 mutant lines on guanine as a sole nitrogen source, which we attribute to loss of function of UOX1, encoding a urate oxidase, a cupro‐enzyme involved in guanine assimilation. An impact of ATX1 on Cu distribution in atx1 mutants is strikingly evident by a reduced amount of intracellular Cu in all conditions probed in this work.
Clinical efficacy of dual trigger with human chorionic gonadotropin and a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist for women undergoing fertility preservation
Authors: Hong Yeon Hee , Kim Seul Ki , Lee Jung Ryeol , Jee Byung Chul , Suh Chang Suk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the optimal maturation method to increase the yield of mature oocytes, especially for cancer patients with fewer chances of fertility preservation (FP) before gonadotoxic therapy.MethodsA total of 373 cycles in 293 patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for FP using a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol were enrolled. The control group (n = 225) received 250 µg of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) while the study group (n = 148) received 250 µg of rhCG and 0.2 mg of triptorelin for triggering. Subgroup analyses were performed for stimulation cycles with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR; anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels <1.1 ng/ml, n = 86), with endometrioma (n = 104), or with breast cancer and endometrial cancer using 5 mg of letrozole during the COS cycles (n = 84).ResultsThere was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics or the number of total and mature oocytes between the two groups. Subgroup analyses for women with endometrioma or DOR showed similar results. However, the dual trigger group had a significantly higher number of mature oocytes than the rhCG trigger group in breast and endometrial cancer patients using letrozole during the COS cycles (6.9 ± 6.0 vs. 4.6 ± 3.6, p = 0.034). The maturation rate was higher in the dual trigger group, although the difference was not statistically significant (59.3 ± 26.7 vs. 50.0 ± 28.0, p = 0.124).ConclusionsDual triggering can be an efficient maturation method to maximize the yield of mature oocytes in breast or endometrial cancer patients using letrozole‐combined GnRH antagonist protocol for FP.
Singularity avoidance adaptive output‐feedback fixed‐time consensus control for multiple autonomous underwater vehicles subject to nonlinearities
Authors: Su Yuanbo , Xue Hong , Liang Hongjing , Chen Duxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the singularity avoidance adaptive output‐feedback fixed‐time consensus control problem for multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) subject to nonlinearities. A distributed state observer is designed to reconstruct the unmeasurable coupling states of each AUV system. In order to handle the unknown nonlinearities of the multi‐AUV systems, the fuzzy logic systems are adopted to approximate unknown hydrodynamic parameters. By combining adaptive fixed‐time control with backstepping technology, an adaptive singularity avoidance fixed‐time consensus control algorithm is developed, where a new error switching mechanism is designed for avoiding the singularity problem caused by the differentiation of the virtual control law. Subsequently, a singularity avoidance distributed adaptive output‐feedback fixed‐time fuzzy controller is presented, under which an auxiliary function is designed to handle the difficulty of the fixed‐time stability analysis under the output‐feedback control strategy, where two types of observer errors are needed in the designed Lyapunov function to achieve the fixed‐time stability. Then, based on the fixed‐time stability criterion, it is proved that both the consensus tracking performance and the closed‐loop stability can be guaranteed in fixed time. Finally, a simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the developed control strategy.
Optimal reset law design based on guaranteed cost control method for Lipschitz nonlinear systems
Authors: Shahbazzadeh Majid , Sadati Seyed Jalil , HosseinNia S. Hassan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a systematic approach for optimal reset law design of a class of nonlinear systems. By using the guaranteed cost control method, sufficient conditions for the design of optimal reset law are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. In an offline design procedure, the reset law is computed that minimizes the upper bound of a quadratic cost function. The proposed method can be implemented for real‐time applications even with small sampling time. The simulation results verify the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Distribution, drivers and population structure of the invasive alien snail Tarebia granifera in the Luvuvhu system, South Africa
Authors: Makherana Fhatuwani , Cuthbert Ross N. , Dondofema Farai , Wasserman Ryan J. , Chauke Glencia M. , Munyai Linton F. , Dalu Tatenda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvasive alien species continue to spread and proliferate in waterways worldwide, but environmental drivers of invasion dynamics lack assessment. Knowledge gaps are pervasive in the Global South, where the frequent heavy human‐modification of rivers provides high opportunity for invasion. In southern Africa, the spatio‐temporal ecology of a widespread and high‐impact invasive alien snail, Tarebia granifera, and its management status is understudied. Here, an ecological assessment was conducted at seven sites around Nandoni Reservoir on the Luvuvhu River in South Africa. The distribution and densities of T. granifera were mapped and the potential drivers of population structure were explored. T. granifera was widespread at sites impacted to varying extents due to anthropogenic activity, with densities exceeding 500 individuals per square meter at the most impacted areas. T. granifera predominantly preferred shallow and sandy environments, being significantly associated with sediment (i.e., chlorophyll‐a, Mn, SOC, SOM) and water (i.e., pH, conductivity, TDS) variables. T. granifera seemed to exhibit two recruitment peaks in November and March, identified via size‐based stock assessment. Sediment parameters (i.e., sediment organic matter, sediment organic carbon, manganese) and water chemistry (i.e., pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity) were found to be important in structuring T. granifera populations, with overall snail densities highest during the summer season. We provide important autecological information and insights on the distribution and extent of the spread of T. granifera. This may help in the development of invasive alien snail management action plans within the region, as well as modelling efforts to predict invasion patterns elsewhere based on environmental characteristics.