bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divertor detachment of high β

N
H-mode discharges with the HL-2A closed divertor geometry
Authors: Gao J M , Cai L Z , Cao C Z , Ma H C , Ke R , Zhong W L , Wu N , Hu Y , Gao X Y , Cui C H , Huang Z H , Nie L , Liu L , Yang Z C , Yu X , Li Y G , Jiang M , Xue G Q , Shi Z B , Yan L W , Ji X Q , Liu X L , Wei H L , Wang Y Q , Xu M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Divertor detachment of high

β

N

H-mode discharges has been achieved by the injection of radiating impurities in the very closed divertor geometry of HL-2A. Non-intrinsic impurity is injected into the outer divertor chamber, and enhanced volumetric energy loss in the divertor and decreased divertor heat flux are then observed. Divertor detachment leads to a little degradation of the core confinement, characterized by slight decrease of plasma stored energy and pedestal pressure as well as increase of edge localized mode (ELM) frequency, but the high

β

N

H-mode is still sustained with

β

N

> 2 and H98 > 1. After impurity injection, the pedestal density fluctuation is increased, implying that the enhanced pedestal transport might be responsible for the degradation. During divertor detachment phase, the impurities are well controlled in the divertor without strong radiation losses near X-point region, and the main plasma density does not increase, but decreases slightly, which could be contributed by the very closed divertor geometry. These results are encouraging to achieve better heat load control and high plasma performance simultaneously for tokamak operations and to evaluate the effect of the divertor geometry for future tokamak devices.
Electronic and nonlinear optical absorption of an off-center hydrogenic donor impurity in GaAs/GaAlAs hexagonal quantum dot under electric field
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hai , Yuan Jian-Hui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the energy levels and nonlinear optical properties modulated by the applied electric field are analytically investigated where a hydrogenic impurity is confined in the GaAs/GaAlAs hexagonal quantum dot(QD). The linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients(OACs) have been obtained by using the compact density matrix and iterative approach. In the one electron approximation, an off-center hydrogenic donor impurity is considered, and the results show that the energy levels and nonlinear optical absorption of the dot depend strongly on the hydrogenic impurity. Especially, The overall results show that the geometric parameter and the magnitude of confinement potential of hexagonal QD, and the applied electric field act a very important role in the electronic and optical properties of hexagonal QD.
Effect of Cementious Materials on Corrsion in Carbonated Concrete
Authors: Uma Maheshwari K. , Venkat Rao N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reinforced Concrete(RC) is an world wide used material than any other man made material in construction. Today civil engineers are facing a major issue with corrosion in RC. The usage of cementious material in concrete prevents the economics loss and damage of structure. Under condition of carbonated concrete, the quantification of corrosion is determined by using condition evaluation methods like galvanostatic method. By using cementious substances like Silica Fume(SF), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), the galvanostatic method will catalyze long lasting and sustainable concrete for the assessment of carbonation induced corrosion. This paper mainly reports on the study of Corrosion Assessment in carbonated and non carbonated specimens. This investigation includes four series (one carbonated and three non-carbonated) of cubes and beams in standard sizes. The reinforcement provided with 12mm diameter as main reinforcement and 8mm diameter as vertical stirrups. The proportions includes M30 Grade of concrete with GGBS (50%), Silica Fume(3%, 5%,10%) as a cement replacements along with superplasticizers. The methodology was adopted by conducting various test like flexural strength, compressive strength, corrosion rate, degree of corrosion, carbonation depth. The results found were effective, as flexural strength and compressive strength were increased due to the addition of cementious materials, where as carbonation depth and corrosion rate decreased.
Non linear static analysis of stiffness irregular RC structures
Authors: Bhavani Chowdary T , Pujitha G. , Srujana N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vertical structures exhibit flexibility than ordinary structures and also they show sensitivity in earthquake excitation. As per the safety standards of construction, structures are built with simple and uniform configurations. Focusing on aesthetic view of these vertical structures, discontinuity in stiffness occurs there by resulting in soft storey. this feature is highly undesirable in buildings especially in seismic active zones. However soft storey cause large deformations at the junction of building lead a greater failure for life and property. An attempt has been made to predict seismic performance of these structures considering G+ 14 storeys. Developing soft storey at base and mid level of G+14 structure and evaluating its seismic performance under non linear static analysis by using SAP2000. A comparative study is made based on, with and without soft storey of G+14 structure and results are tabulated.
Study on fire performance characteristics of steel reinforcement in RCC structures
Authors: Uma Bharathi M , Pradeep Kumar C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The mechanical properties of the materials tend to change when they are subjected to fire. In this article, the effect of fire on the steel reinforcing bar is intended to enhance the understanding of how the rebar reacts as it is heated. In this article, the mechanical properties of steel rebar after exposure to varying elevated temperatures are analyzed in an experimental study on steel rebar. Fe500 steel bar with a diameter of 12 mm was used in this study. Here we used a total of 14 numbers of specimens, of which 7 are of steel rebar, which are embedded into cement mortar with a 25mm cover, and the other 7 are of rebar specimens of length 300mm, which are exposed to 300, 500, 600, 700, 900, and 1000 °C for 2 hours individually. After exposure to elevated temperatures in the muffle furnace, the specimens are cooled in two different cooling conditions. The first one is by cooling the samples at room temperature, and the second method is by sudden cooling. After cooling, the rebar is removed from the mortar samples. The tensile tests are conducted on all the rebar samples as per IS 1608:2005. The differences in elastic modulus, ultimate strength, and steel rebar elongation are determined, and other material behaviour requirements are also determined. All the results are compared and studied according to the temperature range exposed by the samples.
Studies on the effect of recycled concrete aggregates on concrete with mixed fibre and pozzolans
Authors: Sastri M.V.S.S. , Jagannadha Rao K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The steel fibre and synthetic fibres can entirely replace traditional rebars in concrete under specific circumstances like industrial floorings, which are subjected to dynamic loading due to movement of heavy machinery. The large scale availability of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) can be utilized to make these concrete floors. These are generally substantiated by laboratory test to ensure that the performance criteria are satisfied. The usefulness of combining RCA in high strength quaternary blended mixed fibre reinforced concrete (h-MFR-QB) in resisting compression, flexure, split tensile strength, and repetitive low-velocity drop-weight impact was evaluated in an experimental programme. The experiments were carried out on three different groups of specimens. Fly ash, micro silica, Nano silica, hooked end steel fibres, and PP fibres were used in each group. The advantages of both fibres were accomplished for efficient concrete using a volume fraction of 0.2% and 1% of PP and steel fibres, respectively, to offset the detrimental effect of adding RCA. When compared to non-fibrous concrete, the h-MFR-QB concrete material specimens exhibit a strong resistance to compression, flexure, split tensile strength, and repetitive low-velocity drop-weight impact drop-weight impact.
Study on characteristic strength of Geopolymer Aggregate Concrete
Authors: George Geena , Asha K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The stone quarrying activities to meet the demand for infrastructure development, which in turn impacts on the soil and water resources, affect the hydro-geological and hydrological regimes. Due to the increase in urbanisation and industrialization, a large quantity of industrial waste is produced in developing as well as developed countries, and the unscientific disposal of this industrial waste is creating huge environmental problems. In this study, an attempt is made to incorporate both the problems and to find an alternative for natural aggregates with industrial by-products fly ash and GGBS for manufacturing artificial aggregates by adopting the geo-polymerization technique. The characteristic strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength of geopolymer aggregate (GPA) concrete for varying percentage replacements, such as 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for natural coarse aggregates, have been studied and compared with normal concrete. Based on the test results, geopolymer aggregates could be considered as an alternate source for natural aggregates. The 28-day compressive test results showed that for 75% and 100% replacement, GPA3 concrete has been conducted with XRD analysis and SEM analysis on the microstructure of geopolymer aggregates manufactured with varying mix ratios of source materials and curing periods of X-Ray diffractograms and patterns. exhibit the formation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H compounds, which indicates the geopolymer formed has similar chemical compositions as natural rocks.
Strength Properties of Concrete Having Marble Dust Powder, Calcium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate
Authors: Balaji S , SaiMadupu LNK 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Marble dust powder is a by product of the marble industry, which produces it. Environmental contamination occurs when marble dust powder is thrown away. Concrete using MDP was tested for strength after it was mixed in as a cement substitute to see how well it held up. It is possible to replace up to 10% of concrete with MDP and still have the same degree of strength. Higher amounts of replacement (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) result in lower compressive strength. Compressive strength of marble dust concrete may be increased by 30 percent by adding calcium hydroxide (C) and sodium silicate (S). Tensile strength is little impacted by MDP. When MDP is added, the flexural strength decreases significantly.
Nonlinear Analysis of a RC Structure for Different Damping Models
Authors: Anjana Aishwarya M , Srujana N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Damping is an important property of the structure as it helps in the dissipation of vibratory energy which is generally caused by the dynamic loads acting on the structure. Limiting the response amplitudes that are caused due to imposed vibrations is always challenging for the structure’s stability and safety. Three types damping models; viscous damping, structural damping and coulomb friction damping are proposed so far in the literature. Among these models viscous damping is highlighted due to the fact of high energy dissipation in the structure. In the present analysis, comparison of these three damping models in a G+5 RCC structure with respect to the energy dissipation by considering strain energy. The structure is analysed for the response amplitudes for the different damping models. The damping coefficient present in the structure is identified using linear time history analysis. Non-linear time history analysis is performed using time stepping methods to assess the response amplitudes of the structure. Using the non- linear responses, the amount of energy dissipated in each model and the loss factors are estimated. Also, the energy dissipations in the structure are compared for two different ground motions. Viscous damping model is found to be the suitable model in reducing effect of vibrations coming to the structure. For the structure having viscous damping model, frequency response curves of response amplification and phase angle are plotted. Therefore, non-linear behaviour of the structure can be estimated to some extent.
Effect of bio-cementation process on sandy soil
Authors: Kumar Bojja Vinod , Charpe Anuja , Krishnamurthy N R , Raut Ashwin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Microorganisms are used in microbial geo-technology to amend the stability and bearing capacity of soil. In this research, bio-cementation process is induced in sand by using the microbial solution, calcium hydroxide and urea to enhance the physical features of the soil. Stabilization of buildings built on sandy soils using cementitious materials is an effective technique utilized all over the world to boost bearing capacity. The microbial solution was prepared using different natural elements and the sandy soil is cured in the solution for different intervals. The effects of mechanical properties of the sandy soil were observed. The parameters like California bearing ratio, direct shear strength and water permeability test were tested. Considerable improvement was observed in the various properties of sandy soil.
Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation Resting on Cohesionless Soil Using Different Methods: A Case Study of Vizag City
Authors: Kamani Saikiran , Ramya Krishna V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The foundation is the part of a building that rests on the ground. The net safe bearing capacity (qns
) is a significant factor in foundation design. There are several ways published in previous studies to determine the net safe bearing capacity, however choosing the best method governs the stability of the structure when it is loaded beyond its capacity. The emphasis of this concern is investigated and presented in this paper by comparing the net safe bearing capacity of shallow foundations determined by three distinct approaches. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) on cohesion-less soil was carried out in several regions of Vizag to assess penetration resistance of the soil. The findings of this test were subjected to possible corrections, which eliminated the possibility of overestimating the resistance to penetration. Teng’s, Terzaghi’s, and the IS code approach were used to calculate net safe bearing capacity (qns
) using these test parameters. According to the final results of this study, the net safe bearing capacity of Terzaghi’s and IS code methods were 1.2 times and 2 times higher than the Teng’s method. As a result, the IS code method overstated the net safe bearing capacity by two folds, which may potentially cause the structure to fail and increase the structure’s economy. As a result of these findings, Teng’s method was reported to be the best approach for determining the net safe bearing capacity of cohesion-less soils.
Stabilizing Expansive Soil with Industrial Waste of Coir and Terrasil
Authors: Aswari S B , Prasada Raju G V R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Black cotton soils either swell or shrink on seasonal variation of water content. Soil swells if it absorbs water and shrinks once the water evaporates. Constructions on expansive soil pose several difficulties such as settlements, cracks in the superstructures, low strength, and high volume change. Different stabilization techniques have been used to alter the properties of soil. Stabilizing black cotton soil with industry waste is an economical way to enhance the soil for construction purposes. This study discusses the use of coir and terrasil chemical to improve the subgrade properties of expansive soil. Experiments are conducted on black cotton soil with and without admixtures. Various combinations of coir (0.25%, 0. 5% and 0.75%) and terrasil (0.04%, 0.06% and 0.08%) have been mixed with the soil, and the optimum proportion have arrived. The addition of soil blended with optimum percentages of coir (0.75%) and terrasil (0.06%) gave better strength characteristics to the subgrade. This combination reduces the construction cost and enhances durability. IS code methods are used, to obtained Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) 28%, Maximum Dry Density (MDD) 18.25kN/m2, and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) 197.36 kPa. Adding these admixtures reduces the plasticity property of the original soil and finally, it modifies as less plastic material and offers more strength.
Comprehensive Study for Engineering usage of Sustainable Concrete using Recycled Coarse Aggregates, Crumb Rubber and Steel Fibers
Authors: Nagaraja Kandagal , PraveenGannavaram Venkat , Kavali Maneesha , Naidu Katta Narender , Sadhvika Palle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As per records of Transparency Market Research, yearly construction waste is expected to reach 2.20 billion tons by the year 2025. With such a large volume of construction and demolition trash, the 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) play a vital role in waste management. According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), C&D garbage rose by 220 percent in metropolitan cities from 1990 to 2018. The present study focuses on usage of substitution by recycled coarse aggregate with natural coarse aggregates on the outskirts of major metropolitan centers, as well as crumb rubber, a waste created by tire waste disposal, to make the concrete more inexpensive and eco-friendlier. The study also supports the usage of crumb rubber waste that can be safely used for hydraulic structures with less load, such as weir structures or smaller check dams, while a 50 percent replacement of recycled coarse aggregate with natural coarse aggregate had the same strength as normal concrete, which is useful in sustainable concrete practices and can help reduce the generation of C & D waste. In this study, the concrete made up of using recycled aggregate is also mixed with steel fibers to enhance its workability.
Growth of nonpolar a-plane AlGaN epilayer on Al-composition graded-AlGaN buffer layer and characterization of its surface morphology and crystalline quality
Authors: Nasir Abbas , Xu Bin , Ali Irshad , akbar Jehan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition was successfully used to grow un-doped nonpolar a-plane AlGaN on an r-plane sapphire substrate. High-resolution x-ray (HR-XRD), atomic force microscopy, Polarization Indirect Microscopic Imaging, and Hall effect measurement were used to investigate the effect of the nonpolar a-plane AlGaN layer on the graded AlGaN buffer layer. The results reveal that inserting the AlGaN-graded layer improves the crystalline quality and morphology of the surface. The root means the square value was less than 1.47 nm, while the background electron concentration was

−
3.9
×

10

17

cm

−
3

.

In addition, the HR-XRD full width at half maximum indicates improved crystalline quality.
Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of unaged and hygrothermally aged discontinuous Bouligand structured CFRP composites
Authors: Nwambu Chidume , Robert Colin , Alam Parvez 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A dynamic mechanical thermal analyser operating in the single cantilever mode was used to examine the dynamic mechanical properties of unaged and hygrothermally aged discontinuous asymmetric helicoidal (Bouligand) carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites as a function of fibre architecture. The discontinuous Bouligand was manufactured using two major pitch angles as independent variables: 90° and 120° and from each major pitch angle, minor interply pitch angles were used as independent variables ranging 5°–25°. The composites were tested as either dry unaged specimens or following hygrothermal ageing in seawater at the constant temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C for over 2000 h. We find that the viscoelastic properties E′ and E″ are adversely affected by both hygrothermal aging and the minor pitch angle, but not the major pitch angle. Higher hygrothermal ageing temperatures and increasing minor pitch angles are found to decrease the energy absorption and dissipation capacities of discontinuous Bouligand structured CFRP composites. The tan-δ curves also indicate that hygrothermal ageing increases the heterogeneity of discontinuous Bouligand structured composites, with separate viscoelastic phases and glass transition temperatures.
A note on decay property of nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Fan Chenjie , Zhao Zehua 
Published: October 2022

In this note, we show the existence of a special solution

u
u

to defocusing cubic NLS in

3
d

3d

, which lives in

H

s

H^{s}

for all

s
>
0

s>0

, but scatters to a linear solution in a very slow way. We prove for this

u
u

, for all

ϵ
>
0

\epsilon >0

, one has

sup

t
>
0

t

ϵ

‖
u
(
t
)
−

e

i
t
Δ

u

+

‖

H
˙

1

/

2

=
∞

\sup _{t>0}t^{\epsilon }\|u(t)-e^{it\Delta }u^{+}\|_{\dot {H}^{1/2}}=\infty

. Note that such a slow asymptotic convergence is impossible if one further pose the initial data of

u
(
0
)

u(0)

be in

L

1

L^{1}

. We expect that similar construction hold the for other NLS models. It can been seen the slow convergence is caused by the fact that there are delayed backward scattering profile in the initial data, we also illustrate why

L

1

L^{1}

condition of initial data will get rid of this phenomena.
Rethinking self-reliance and economic inclusion of refugees through a distributive lens: A case study from Uganda
Authors: Omata Naohiko 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
This article examines trends in Uganda’s refugee protection model based on self-reliance and economic inclusion. It does this through a lens of distribution. While self-reliance and economic inclusion are increasingly centralised in the international refugee regime as tools of empowerment that benefit both refugees and their hosts, policymakers largely fail to consider the distribution and availability of local resources in promoting these ideas. Between 2013 and 2018, Uganda experienced a steep rise in the number of refugees within the country. Notwithstanding the global celebration of the Ugandan refugee policy, the empirical data demonstrate an increasingly demanding situation for refugees’ economic lives and ensuing difficulties in pursuing self-reliance. Implementing the Ugandan model without distributive thinking risks detrimental effects even for neighbouring host populations, who are also resource poor. Based on the perspectives of both refugees and host people, the article advances a debate about the efficacy of Uganda’s self-reliance and inclusion policies and concludes by pointing to the risks of framing the current Ugandan model as a ‘success’ for Africa’s refugee protection.
IX—In Defence of Individual Rationality
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCommon-sense (or folk) psychology holds that (generally) we do what we do for the reasons we have. This common-sense approach is embodied in claims like ‘I went to the kitchen because I wanted a drink’ and ‘She took a coat because she thought it might rain and hoped to stay dry’. However, the veracity of these common-sense psychological explanations has been challenged by experimental evidence (primarily from behavioural economics and social psychology) which appears to show that individuals are systematically irrational—that often we do not do what we do because of the reasons we have. Recently, some of the same experimental evidence has also been used to level a somewhat different challenge at the common-sense view, arguing that the overarching aim of reasoning is not to deliver better or more reason-governed decisions for individual reasoners, but to improve group decision making or to protect an individual’s sense of self. This paper explores the range of challenges that experimental work has been taken to raise for the common-sense approach and suggests some potential responses. Overall, I argue that the experimental evidence surveyed should not lead us to a rejection of individual rationality.