bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School foodservice directors' national training practices
Authors: Reynolds Joel , Jeong Heejin , Nam Chang S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the United States, over 29 million students daily are consuming meals at school. This number continues to increase as more diverse meal options are presented and increased demand for meal assistance. Very young students (under the age of 5) are considered a high‐risk population for foodborne illness. Though numerous interventions have been implemented previously, several predominant food safety violations continue to persist. To better understand and improve targeted food safety trainings and interventions this study aimed to conduct a needs assessment of school foodservice directors' training programs and topics. A total of 1,250 electronic surveys were sent nationally to K‐12 school foodservice directors. Of that, 264 useable responses were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics, as well as identified training methods and topics. Structural modeling was used to identify relatedness ratings between training methods. Approximately 67% of directors reported currently make less than 40% of the menu items from scratch. On‐the‐job training (94%) was the most frequent training method, while augmented reality and virtual reality were the least with 1.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Structural modeling identified two central nodes, on‐the‐job (six pairings) and lecture‐style (four pairings). All other modalities had one to three relationship pairings. For the majority (73%), the average length of training is less than 2 hr. The top two training topics school foodservice directors reported providing were: food safety (95.5% very likely/likely) and food production (94.3% very likely/likely). Study results provide insights into current training methods and topics provided by school foodservice directors at the time of the survey.
Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses atopic dermatitis‐like symptoms by regulating the immune balance
Authors: Hou Dian‐Dong , Wang Xin‐Xin , Li Si‐Jia , Wang De‐Cheng , Niu Yuan , Xu Zi‐Ran , Jin Zhuo‐Qun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlycyrrhiza is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines in China. Its main bioactive ingredient glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has the potential to be used as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) because it has similar actions to steroids, but with relatively few side effects.AimsThe objective of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of GA on AD mice model.MethodsCalcipotriol, a vitamin D3 analogue (MC903) was applied topically to establish AD mouse model. Mice were intraperitoneally administrated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), 25 or 50 mg/kg GA for 15 days. After mice were executed, skin tissues were collected and detected the expression levels of IL‐4, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). The percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17, langerhans cells (LCs) in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsOur data demonstrated that GA improved the symptoms of AD by exerting anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic functions in vivo. We found that GA treatment decreased the level of total IgE in serum, suppressed ear swelling, reduced the infiltration of mast cells in skin lesions and decreased expressions of IL‐4, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and TSLP in skin lesions. Furthermore, our experimental results demonstrated that GA suppressed the Th1/Th2/Th17‐immune responses in the dLNs, inhibited the migration of LCs in dLNs.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings suggested potential therapeutic effects of GA against MC903‐induced AD‐like skin lesions in mice.
Ethnic and Islamist populism in Turkey and its impact on Kurdish nationalism
Authors: Kalaycı Hüseyin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRather than addressing the Kurdish conflict in Turkey directly, this study focuses on how the rising nationalist populism bears on Kurdish voters supporting the pro‐Kurdish party HDP. There are very few studies on how Kurds are affected by the nationalist populism often expressed in Turkey by the governing People's Alliance (Cumhur İttifakı) with its slogan “domestic and national,” even though the literature offers a broad variety of studies on the Kurdish conflict. To fill this gap, this study is supported by focus group discussions with the Kurds in Turkey who support the HDP, based on a sample of the Kurds living in Istanbul, which is sometimes referred to as the “largest Kurdish city.” This study claims that the populist slogan of the “domestic and national” not only marginalises the Kurdish interviewees but also weakens their sense of belonging to Turkey, thus encouraging them to establish their own national identities. An important result of the focus group meetings is that AKP's polarising policy not only causes polarisation among Turks but also among the Kurds.
Toward a multifunctional nature‐based coastal defense: a review of the interaction between beach nourishment and ecological restoration
Authors: Kindeberg Theodor , Almström Björn , Skoog Mona , Olsson Pål Axel , Hollander Johan 
Published: September 2022

Coastal protection has evolved from focusing on hard solutions such as breakwaters and groynes to include soft or nature‐based solutions (NbS). NbS have been proposed as cost‐effective means to offer long‐term coastal protection and at the same time strengthen coastal resilience and biodiversity. However, projects utilizing NbS for coastal protection have often focused on a single solution and the evidence of improved biodiversity remain equivocal.In this paper, we review solutions traditionally used for disparate purposes – namely beach nourishment and the establishment of vascular plants such as seagrass and dune grass. The main incentives behind large‐scale beach nourishment projects are often the cost‐effectiveness, multifunctionality and dynamic shoreline protection whereas the focus of vegetation restoration has typically been on recreating important habitats and not specifically as a coastal protection measure. Based on previous studies and an on‐going large‐scale coastal adaptation project in southern Sweden, we investigate the feasibility of combining these seemingly dichotomous management strategies to yield a viable physical defense and at the same time strengthen coastal biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Given the urgency in combatting biodiversity loss and adapting to a changing climate, management interventions for coastal protection should explicitly incorporate ecological values into every coastal protection measure and seek innovative, integrated approaches that consider both geomorphological and ecological values and the possible complementarity between the two.
Brassinosteroids mediate moderate soil‐drying to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature during meiosis of rice
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Huang Hanghang , Zhou Yujiao , Zhu Kuanyu , Wu Yunfei , Xu Yunji , Wang Weilu , Zhang Hao , Gu Junfei , Xiong Fei , Wang Zhiqin , Liu Lijun , Yang Jianchang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate moderate soil‐drying (MD) to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature (HT) stress during meiosis of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A rice cultivar was pot‐grown and subjected to normal temperature (NT) and HT treatments during meiosis, and two irrigation regimes including well‐watered (WW) and MD were imposed to the plants simultaneously. The MD effectively alleviated the spikelet degeneration and yield loss under HT stress mainly via improving root activity and canopy and panicle traits including higher photosynthetic capacity, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and antioxidant capacity than WW. These parameters were regulated by BRs levels in plants. The decrease in BRs levels at HT was due mainly to the enhanced BRs decomposition, and the MD could rescue the BRs deficiency at HT via enhancing BRs biosynthesis and impeding decomposition. The connection between BRs and HT was verified by using rice BRs‐deficient mutants, transgenic rice lines, and chemical regulators. Similar results were obtained in the open‐air field experiment. The results suggest that BRs can mediate the MD to alleviate spikelet degeneration under HT stress during meiosis mainly via enhancing root activity, canopy traits, and young panicle traits of rice.
Twin reduction in the late embryonic period prevents the condition of freemartin in dairy cattle
Authors: Garcia‐Ispierto Irina , Palacín‐Chauri Roger J. , López‐Gatius Fernando 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe condition of freemartinism occurs in the bovine heterosexual twin foetuses and refers to the resulting infertile female. Vascular anastomoses of the foetal membranes are the major reason of this anomaly. This study examines whether single born heifers following induced twin reduction at 28–34 days of pregnancy could develop normal reproductive functions. The study population derived from 367 lactating dairy cows carrying: unilateral twins (n = 178), bilateral twins (n = 174) or triplets (n = 15), in which manual embryo reduction was performed. The final study population was constituted of 95 single born twin females that reached 12 months of life and entered into the AI period. Of these heifers, 40 have had one unilateral co‐twin, 49 one bilateral co‐twin, and 6 two contralateral co‐twins. A total of 1688 heifers inseminated during the same period were used as controls to compare the rates of pregnancy at 15 months of age, culling due to infertility and birth before the age of 24 months. No differences were detected between groups. With an accepted incidence rate of 50% heterosexuality for all twin sets, we should assume that half of our study population had a male co‐twin. Our results indicate lack of effect of the male co‐twin on normal development of the gonads and genital tract of his female partner during the late embryonic period.
Recellularized bovine pericardium with autologous mesenchymal stem cells reduces immune activation
Authors: Bozso Sabin J. , Kang Jimmy J. H. , EL‐Andari Ryaan , Boe Dana , Hedtke Hannah , Moon Michael C. , Freed Darren H. , Nagendran Jayan , Nagendran Jeevan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrent bioprosthetic heart valve replacement options are limited by structural valvular deterioration (SVD) due to an immune response to the xenogenic scaffold. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recellularization is a method of concealing xenogenic scaffolds, preventing recipient immune recognition of xenogenic tissue heart valves, and potentially leading to reduction in SVD incidence. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of autologous MSC recellularized tissue on the immune response of human whole blood to bovine pericardium (BP). We hypothesized that autologous MSC recellularization of BP will result in reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine production equivalent to autologous human pericardium.MethodsBone marrow, human pericardium, and whole blood were collected from adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Decellularized BP underwent recellularization with autologous MSCs, followed by co‐incubation with autologous whole blood. Immunohistochemical, microscopic, and quantitative immune analysis approaches were used.ResultsWe demonstrated that native BP, exposed to human whole blood, results in significant TNF‐α and IL1β production. When decellularized BP is recellularized with autologous MSCs and exposed to whole blood, there is a significant reduction in TNF‐α and IL1β production. Importantly, recellularized BP exposed to whole blood had similar production of TNF‐α and IL1β when compared to autologous human pericardium exposed to human whole blood.ConclusionOur results suggest that preventing initial immune activation with autologous MSC recellularization may be an effective approach to decrease the recipient immune response, preventing recipient immune recognition of xenogeneic tissue engineered heart valves, and potentially leading to reduction in SVD incidence.
Uranium Price Expectations and Stabilization Policy Formation in the Manhattan Project: An Institutional Economics Approach
Authors: Mendoza España Alberto D'Ansi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGovernments, and uranium producers and buyers assess policy implications for uranium markets by understanding the price of uranium and the role of government policy over time. To understand the key elements in the formation of price and policy in uranium markets, this study uses the institutional economics method to investigate the institutional arrangements used for procuring uranium in the Manhattan Project (1942–1946). Throughout this period, the formation of price expectations was bounded by the opportunities to receive revenue from selling uranium ore as a by-product and as a main product. In regards to policy formation, price expectations were guided by the need to secure ore for customers, to secure income stability for producers, and to maintain competitive conditions in establishing price stabilization as the main policy. Similar pricing rules and concerns with price stabilization were adopted throughout the uranium market history. These recurring similarities in customs, which are understood through the underlying competitive behavior, are expected to be adapted to contemporary trends, such as global climate change, the joint ownership of mines, and the creation of the Low Enriched Uranium Bank. The contemporary trends represent the new negotiating circumstances for uranium market participants. Therefore, elements in understanding the formation of pricing and price stabilization policy during the Manhattan Project may be adapted to frame future assessments of uranium markets as participants consider advanced nuclear reactors and various nuclear fuel cycles as an option in adapting to contemporary trends.
High-Precision Trajectory Tracking Control of a Multifrequency Whirling Orbit Using Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation for the Efficient Experimental Estimation of Fluid Force
Authors: Ota Atsuhiro , Yabui Shota , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Heya Akira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a demand for turbomachinery with increasing speed, pressure, and compactness owing to the increasing demand for high output and efficiency. Consequently, various shaft vibration problems have become apparent. The rotor dynamic (RD) forces are one of the causes of these axial vibrations, which can lead to instability of the rotor system. To ensure the reliability of turbomachinery, the effect of RD fluid force should be analyzed at the design stage. In this study, high-precision tracking control of a complex orbit was analyzed using an experimental approach, and a highly efficient and low-dispersion estimation of the RD fluid force was achieved. The target was a parallel annular seal, and an experimental system was developed to control the rotor position using a piezo-electric actuator. Using the adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC), we suppressed the periodic disturbance caused by rotation, whirling, and disturbances, such as noise that existed uniformly at all frequencies. Thus, a high-precision tracking control with an orbit tracking error of approximately 1 μm was achieved. The RD fluid force was estimated from the output signal of the AFC during high-precision tracking control, and the RD coefficient was calculated using spectral analysis. Consequently, a highly accurate RD fluid force estimation with reduced dispersion was achieved. In addition, a multifrequency orbit control and RD fluid force estimation method were developed to improve the efficiency of the RD force estimation, which agreed well with the results of a single-frequency orbit.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intranasal or intravenous administration of nalbuphine in infants
Authors: Pfiffner Miriam , Gotta Verena , Pfister Marc , Vonbach Priska , Berger-Olah Eva 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesIntranasal nalbuphine could be a safe, efficacious and non-invasive alternative to parenteral pain medication in infants. We aimed to assess pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of intranasal and intravenous nalbuphine administration in infants.MethodsProspective open-label study including infants 1–3 months of age admitted to the emergency department, receiving nalbuphine for procedural pain management. Patients were alternately allocated to a single nalbuphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg intravenously or 0.1 mg/kg intranasally. Nalbuphine PK samples were collected 15, 30 and 120–180 min after dosing. Area under the concentration time curve (AUC0-Tlast) was calculated by non-compartmental analysis (NCA) and compared by Wilcoxon test. Neonatal Infant Pain Score was assessed during nalbuphine administration and the following interventions: venous access, urinary catheterisation, lumbar puncture.ResultsOut of 52 study subjects receiving nalbuphine, 31 were eligible for NCA (11 intravenous, 20 intranasal). Median AUC0-Tlastafter 0.05 mg/kg intravenously was 8.7 (IQR: 8.0–18.6) µg×L/hour vs 7.6 (5.4–10.4) µg×L/hour after intranasal administration of 0.1 mg/kg (p=0.091). Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was observed 30 min after intranasal administration (3.5–5.6 µg/L). During intravenous and intranasal nalbuphine administration, mild to no pain was recorded in 71% and 67% of study subjects, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first study investigating intranasal administration of nalbuphine in infants suggesting an intranasal bioavailability close to 50%. Non-invasive intranasal application was well tolerated. Additional studies are warranted to optimise dosing and timing of interventions as Cmaxis delayed by half an hour after intranasal administration.Trial registration numberNCT03059511.
New, long-term opioid use after lung cancer surgery is associated with reduced 2-year survival: a retrospective population-based cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Kim Hyeong Geun , Song In-Ae 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the proportion and associated factors for new long-term opioid use and its long-term effects after lung cancer surgery.MethodsThe South Korean National Health Insurance Database was used as a nationwide registration data source. All patients undergoing lung cancer surgery between 2011 and 2018 were included, and patients who were preoperative opioid users were excluded from the analysis. New long-term opioid use was defined as an active opioid prescription at 6 months postoperatively.ResultsIn total, 54 509 patients were included in the final analysis. At 6 months postoperatively, 3325 (6.1%) patients who were newly prescribed opioids comprised the new long-term opioid user group. Older age, male sex, wider surgical extent, open thoracotomy, increased Charlson Comorbidity Index score, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, preoperative anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder were associated with a higher rate of new long-term opioid use. The new long-term opioid user group showed a 40% (HR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.53; p<0.001) higher risk of 2-year all-cause mortality. Moreover, the new long-term potent opioid user and less potent opioid user groups showed a 92% (HR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.67 to 2.21; p<0.001) and 22% (HR, 1.22; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.36; p<0.001) higher risk of 2-year all-cause mortality, respectively.ConclusionsAmong preoperative opioid-naive patients in South Korea, 6.1% became new long-term opioid users after lung cancer surgery. Certain factors are potential risk factors for new long-term opioid use, which could be associated with poorer long-term survival outcomes.
Dynamics and uncertainty for maximally entangled bipartite system constrained on a helicoid
Authors: Bashir Asma , Wasay M. A. , Al-Mogeeth A. , Liu Q. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe classical and quantum dynamics of particles constrained on a right helicoid is discussed via Dirac approach. We show how the uncertainty in measurement for observables of maximally entangled system is affected by the total number of constrained particles $$\sigma $$
σ
, external magnetic field $$\vec {\mathcal {B}}$$

B
→

; as well as by geometric parameters like the pitch$$\rho $$
ρ
and the radial position of particles. In doing so we also highlight numeric bounds on the external field strengths to tune both intraparticle and bipartite entanglement and we remark that the bipartite entanglement is more robust to changes in the fields than the intraparticle entanglement, in this framework. We also highlight specific parameter regimes which lead the uncertainty (in measurement) to achieve respective parameter independence and, for a particular subset of commutation relations, the system remains confined in the quantum regime even in the limit $$\sigma \rightarrow \infty $$

σ
→
∞

. It is observed that the uncertainties are strongly influenced by the geometric parameters e.g., $$\rho $$
ρ
, and the strength of bipartite as well as intraparticle entanglement might be controllable through $$\rho $$
ρ
. The energy equation for this setup is obtained and the additional terms are discussed which arise due to quantum correlations, orbit–orbit interaction and the normal Zeeman effect, which leads to the splitting of the energy level into 11 non-degenerate levels. Finally we comment that, a linkage of this phenomenology with Aharonov–Bohm like effect might be possible by strictly confining $$\vec {\mathcal {B}}$$

B
→

along the central axis of the helicoid.
An Improved Parallel Prefix Sums Algorithm
Authors: Bahig Hazem M. , Fathy Khaled A. 
Published: September 2022

The prefix sums problem for an array [Formula: see text] is to compute all sums [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce an improvement for the best previous algorithm that runs in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] processors on a Sum Concurrent Read Concurrent Write, Parallel Random Access Machine (Sum-CRCW PRAM). The improvements include (1) reducing the total number of operations and (2) reducing the amount of storage required by the algorithm.
Comparison of PSA to Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein as Sorbent in QuEChERS: A Response Surface Methodology Optimization for Extraction of Some Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Food
Authors: Ramalepe Thapelo , Richards Heidi , Tutu Hlanganani , Nuapia Yannick , Chaúque Eutilério , Nyambe Imasiku , Chimuka Luke 
Published: September 2022

This work aimed at optimizing the QuEChERS method with PSA and then comparing it with Moringa Oleifera seed protein as a clean-up sorbent for the extraction of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The response surface methodology approach was used in the optimization. A design of experiment (DoE) was used to investigate the effect of the sample mass (0.5–3 g), centrifuge speed (3400–4000 rpm) and time (5–20 min), the mass of

N
a
C
l

and

MgSO

4

1
−
3

g

, and solvent extraction volume (5–10 mL). The analysis was done using GC-ECD and GC × GC TOFMS. The PSA method which was later replaced with Moringa Oleifera seed protein presented optimal values of 3 g of sample, 150 mg PSA, 4000 rpm for 6 min centrifuge conditions, including 2 g NaCl and 2 g

MgSO

4

extracted in 10 mL methanol, respectively. Moringa Oleifera seed protein gave better selectivity, and the detection limits ranged between 0.16 and 1.77

μ

g kg

−
1

with RSD values

≤
13.32
%
,

respectively. Moreover, recoveries were between 76.2

±

0.85% and 105.2

±

2.24%. Application of the developed method in food samples detected some EDCs. This study has shown that Moringa Oleifera seed protein is a promising alternative to PSA in the clean-up of food-related samples using the QuEChERS approach.