bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Channel EEG Features Reveal an Association With Cognitive Decline in Seniors Performing Auditory Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Molcho Lior , Maimon Neta B. , Regev-Plotnik Noa , Rabinowicz Sarit , Intrator Nathan , Sasson Ady 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCognitive decline remains highly underdiagnosed despite efforts to find novel cognitive biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG) features based on machine-learning (ML) may offer a non-invasive, low-cost approach for identifying cognitive decline. However, most studies use cumbersome multi-electrode systems. This study aims to evaluate the ability to assess cognitive states using machine learning (ML)-based EEG features extracted from a single-channel EEG with an auditory cognitive assessment.MethodsThis study included data collected from senior participants in different cognitive states (60) and healthy controls (22), performing an auditory cognitive assessment while being recorded with a single-channel EEG. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to designate groups, with cutoff scores of 24 and 27. EEG data processing included wavelet-packet decomposition and ML to extract EEG features. Data analysis included Pearson correlations and generalized linear mixed-models on several EEG variables: Delta and Theta frequency-bands and three ML-based EEG features: VC9, ST4, and A0, previously extracted from a different dataset and showed association with cognitive load.ResultsMMSE scores significantly correlated with reaction times and EEG features A0 and ST4. The features also showed significant separation between study groups: A0 separated between the MMSE &lt; 24 and MMSE ≥ 28 groups, in addition to separating between young participants and senior groups. ST4 differentiated between the MMSE &lt; 24 group and all other groups (MMSE 24–27, MMSE ≥ 28 and healthy young groups), showing sensitivity to subtle changes in cognitive states. EEG features Theta, Delta, A0, and VC9 showed increased activity with higher cognitive load levels, present only in the healthy young group, indicating different activity patterns between young and senior participants in different cognitive states. Consisted with previous reports, this association was most prominent for VC9 which significantly separated between all level of cognitive load.DiscussionThis study successfully demonstrated the ability to assess cognitive states with an easy-to-use single-channel EEG using an auditory cognitive assessment. The short set-up time and novel ML features enable objective and easy assessment of cognitive states. Future studies should explore the potential usefulness of this tool for characterizing changes in EEG patterns of cognitive decline over time, for detection of cognitive decline on a large scale in every clinic to potentially allow early intervention.Trial RegistrationNIH Clinical Trials Registry [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT04386902], identifier [NCT04386902]; Israeli Ministry of Health registry [https://my.health.gov.il/CliniTrials/Pages/MOH_2019-10-07_007352.aspx], identifier [007352].
Effects of Sex on the Relationship Between Apolipoprotein E Gene and Serum Lipid Profiles in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fu Jiajia , Huang Yan , Bao Ting , Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Chen Yongping , Yang Jing , Chen Xueping , Shang Huifang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundSex is an important factor in studying the relationship between the APOE gene, lipid profiles, and AD. However, few studies have focused on the effect of sex on lipids in AD and normal controls with different APOE genes.Materials and MethodsA total of 549 participants, including 298 AD patients and 251 body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls (HCs), were enrolled. Lipid profiles and APOE genes in both AD patients and HCs were determined.Results(1) TC and LDL were higher in AD patients than in HCs, only in APOEε4 carrying populations, but not in non-carrying populations. (2) TC and LDL were higher in APOEε4 allele carriers than in non-carriers, only in AD populations, but not in HCs. (3) The TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers in the male AD population, but not in the female AD population, female HCs, and male HCs. (4) The increased LDL level may increase the risk of AD in female people carrying APOEε4.ConclusionThe TC and LDL levels of APOEε4 carriers were higher than those of non-carriers, and the effect was more significant in the female AD population. The TC levels in APOEε2 carriers were lower than those in non-carriers, which was more significant in the male AD population.
Contrasting Associations Between Heart Rate Variability and Brainstem-Limbic Connectivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Dissociative Subtype: A Pilot Study
Authors: Thome Janine , Densmore Maria , Terpou Braeden A. , Théberge Jean , McKinnon Margaret C. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIncreasing evidence points toward the need to extend the neurobiological conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to include evolutionarily conserved neurocircuitries centered on the brainstem and the midbrain. The reticular activating system (RAS) helps to shape the arousal state of the brain, acting as a bridge between brain and body. To modulate arousal, the RAS is closely tied to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Individuals with PTSD often reveal altered arousal patterns, ranging from hyper- to blunted arousal states, as well as altered functional connectivity profiles of key arousal-related brain structures that receive direct projections from the RAS. Accordingly, the present study aims to explore resting state functional connectivity of the RAS and its interaction with the ANS in participants with PTSD and its dissociative subtype.MethodsIndividuals with PTSD (n = 57), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS, n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 40) underwent a 6-min resting functional magnetic resonance imaging and pulse data recording. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of a central node of the RAS – the pedunculopontine nuclei (PPN) – was investigated along with its relation to ANS functioning as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a prominent marker indexing the flexibility of an organism to react adaptively to environmental needs, with higher HRV representing greater effective adaptation.ResultsBoth PTSD and PTSD + DS demonstrated reduced HRV as compared to controls. HRV measures were then correlated with rsFC of the PPN. Critically, participants with PTSD and participants with PTSD + DS displayed inverse correlations between HRV and rsFC between the PPN and key limbic structures, including the amygdala. Whereas participants with PTSD displayed a positive relationship between HRV and PPN rsFC with the amygdala, participants with PTSD + DS demonstrated a negative relationship between HRV and PPN rsFC with the amygdala.ConclusionThe present exploratory investigation reveals contrasting patterns of arousal-related circuitry among participants with PTSD and PTSD + DS, providing a neurobiological lens to interpret hyper- and more blunted arousal states in PTSD and PTSD + DS, respectively.
Prevalence and Trends in Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement: Results From a 10-Year, Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Folwarski Marcin , Klek Stanislaw , Brzeziński Michał , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka , Wyszomirski Adam , Meyer-Szary Jarosław , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the most commonly used access for long-term enteral nutrition. Only a few studies report the prevalence and epidemiology of PEG placements. No previous data concentrated on the healthcare system issues influencing the qualification rates and professional nutritional support for individuals with PEG.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective nationwide analysis of PEG placements in Poland from 2010 to 2020. The central data on ICD-10 coding of adult patients with PEG reported to the insurance company were used for the analysis of general and regional prevalence, age, and primary and secondary diseases. Rates of patients with home enteral nutrition (HEN) were calculated with a special focus on patients with cancer. A secondary aim was to determine the causes of regional disparities among administrative regions.ResultsA total number of 90,182 PEGs were placed during the observation period. The number was increasing each year with statistical significance. Malnutrition, dysphagia, and cardiorespiratory/metabolic diseases were the most frequently reported primary diseases. A total of 11.98% of all patients were diagnosed with cancer; 49.9% of oncological patients suffered from head and neck cancer (HNC) and 19.9% from esophageal cancer. In total, 6.61% of HNC and 27.46% of patients with esophageal cancer from the Polish National Cancer Registry (NCR) had PEG. The rates of patients in more advanced ages (65–74 and over 85 years) were growing and decreased in younger groups (18–24, 45–54, and 55–64 years). Overall, 27.6% of all (11.86% of cancer) patients with PEG were reimbursed HEN. A high number of patients in nursing care facilities, lower education of citizens, and lower number of hospital beds were associated with more PEG insertions in the administrative regions.ConclusionThe number of PEG placements has been increasing, particularly in the elderly. Systemic solutions must be found to address the problems of regional disparities in PEG’s prevalence as well as the lack of inclusion criteria for nutritional support.
General Anesthesia for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Postoperative Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Analysis of 120 Patients
Authors: Hou Ruixue , Miao Fangfang , Jin Di , Duan Qingfang , Yin Cheng , Feng Qunpeng , Wang Tianlong 
Published: May 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been considered a risk factor for postoperative respiratory failure after general anesthesia. However, the association between COPD severity and postoperative respiratory failure among COPD patients is unknown. Our aim was to compare the prevalence of postoperative respiratory failure in COPD patients according to disease severity after general anesthesia.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed COPD patients undergoing spinal surgery with general anesthesia at our clinical center between January 2016 and January 2021. These subjects were divided into four groups (group I = mild COPD, group II = moderate COPD, group III = severe COPD, and group IV = very severe COPD) according to their preoperative lung function. The primary endpoint was a respiratory failure 1 week after surgery. The diagnosis of respiratory failure was made with the presence of one or more of the following criteria: prolonged ventilator dependence, unplanned postoperative intubation, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) ≤ 50 mmHg while the patient was breathing ambient air in the hospital. The extubation time, perioperative PaO2 and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), postoperative lung infection, and length of hospitalization were also compared.Results: A total of 120 patients who underwent spinal surgery with general anesthesia were included in this retrospective study. Postoperative respiratory failure occurred in 0 (0.0%) patient in group I, 1 (1.5%) patient in group II, 1 (2.5%) patient in group III, and 1 (14.5%) patient in group IV 1 week after surgery (p = 0.219). The duration of anesthesia was 243.3 ± 104.3 min in group I, 235.5 ± 78.8 min in group II, 196.0 ± 66.3 min in group III, and 173.1 ± 63.7 min in group IV (p &lt; 0.001). Preoperative PaO2, PaCO2, intraoperative oxygenation index [a ratio of PaO2 to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)], and postoperative PaO2 were significantly different among the four groups (p &lt; 0.001, 0.001, 0.046, &lt;0.001, respectively). No significant differences among the four groups were seen in extubation time, pulmonary infection, or hospital stay (p = 0.174, 0.843, 0.253, respectively). The univariate analysis revealed that higher preoperative PaO2 was associated with a lower rate of postoperative respiratory failure (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.95; p = 0.007).Conclusion: The severity of COPD as assessed with GOLD classification was not associated with the development of postoperative respiratory failure. However, lower preoperative PaO2 was associated with greater odds of postoperative respiratory failure in COPD patients.
Myosteatosis as a Shared Biomarker for Sarcopenia and Cachexia Using MRI and Ultrasound
Authors: Lortie Jevin , Rush Benjamin , Osterbauer Katie , Colgan T. J. , Tamada Daiki , Garlapati Sujay , Campbell Toby C. , Traynor Anne , Leal Ticiana , Patel Viharkumar , Helgager Jeffrey J. , Lee Kenneth , Reeder Scott B. , Kuchnia Adam J. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeEstablish bedside biomarkers of myosteatosis for sarcopenia and cachexia. We compared ultrasound biomarkers against MRI-based percent fat, histology, and CT-based muscle density among healthy adults and adults undergoing treatment for lung cancer.MethodsWe compared ultrasound and MRI myosteatosis measures among young healthy, older healthy, and older adults with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing systemic treatment, all without significant medical concerns, in a cross-sectional pilot study. We assessed each participant's rectus femoris ultrasound-based echo intensity (EI), shear wave elastography-based shear wave speed, and MRI-based proton density fat-fraction (PDFF). We also assessed BMI, rectus femoris thickness and cross-sectional area. Rectus femoris biopsies were taken for all older adults (n = 20) and we analyzed chest CT scans for older adults undergoing treatment (n = 10). We determined associations between muscle assessments and BMI, and compared these assessments between groups.ResultsA total of 10 young healthy adults, 10 older healthy adults, and 10 older adults undergoing treatment were recruited. PDFF was lower in young adults than in older healthy adults and older adults undergoing treatment (0.3 vs. 2.8 vs. 2.9%, respectively, p = 0.01). Young adults had significantly lower EI than older healthy adults, but not older adults undergoing treatment (48.6 vs. 81.8 vs. 75.4, p = 0.02). When comparing associations between measures, PDFF was strongly associated with EI (ρ = 0.75, p &lt; 0.01) and moderately negatively associated with shear wave speed (ρ = −0.49, p &lt; 0.01) but not BMI, whole leg cross-sectional area, or rectus femoris cross-sectional area. Among participants with CT scans, paraspinal muscle density was significantly associated with PDFF (ρ = −0.70, p = 0.023). Histological markers of inflammation or degradation did not differ between older adult groups.ConclusionPDFF was sensitive to myosteatosis between young adults and both older adult groups. EI was less sensitive to myosteatosis between groups, yet EI was strongly associated with PDFF unlike BMI, which is typically used in cachexia diagnosis. Our results suggest that ultrasound measures may serve to determine myosteatosis at the bedside and are more useful diagnostically than traditional weight assessments like BMI. These results show promise of using EI, shear wave speed, and PDFF proxies of myosteatosis as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of sarcopenia and cachexia.
Non-pharmacological Management of Non-productive Chronic Cough in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ilicic Ana Maria , Oliveira Ana , Habash Razanne , Kang Yejin , Kho Michelle , Goldstein Roger , Brooks Dina 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundChronic cough is a common reason for medical referral and its prevalence is on the rise. With only one pharmaceutical therapy currently under review for the treatment of refractory chronic cough, exploring non-pharmacological chronic cough management therapies is important. This systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of non-pharmacological chronic cough therapies in adults with non-productive refractory chronic cough or cough due to chronic respiratory diseases.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus from inception to September 2021. Randomized controlled trials published in English, Portuguese, or French, and examining the effects of non-pharmacological therapies in adults with chronic non-productive cough (&gt;8 weeks; &lt;2 teaspoons sputum) were included. Mean differences, medians, and odds ratios were calculated as appropriate.Results16,546 articles were identified and six articles representing five unique studies were included. Studies evaluated 228 individuals with refractory chronic cough or chronic cough due to a chronic respiratory disease [162 women (71%); 52 ± 11 to 61 ± 8 years old]. Obstructive sleep apnea was the only chronic respiratory disease studied. Non-pharmacological therapies included education, cough suppression, breathing techniques, mindfulness, and continuous positive airway pressure. When standing alone, non-pharmacological cough therapies improved cough-specific health related quality of life when not associated with interventions (mean diff MD 1.53 to 4.54), cough frequency (MD 0.59 95%CI 0.36 to 0.95), and voice outcomes (MD 0.3 to 1) when compared to control interventions.ConclusionThe evidence of non-pharmacological therapies for non-productive chronic cough is limited. Existing studies reflect the heterogeneity in study design, sample size, and outcome measures. Thus, clinical recommendations for using the most effective interventions remain to be confirmed.
How Vaccination Rumours Spread Online: Tracing the Dissemination of Information Regarding Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Harper Tauel , Attwell Katie 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To trace the emergence and dissemination of the most prominent rumours about potential adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: We use a weekly Google Trends search to gather information about what alleged adverse events are being associated with COVID vaccines by the general population. We then use CrowdTangle and Factiva searches to examine how discussions about the five most prominent adverse events have spread through traditional media channels and Facebook.Results: Traditional mass media reporting remains crucial in both promoting and moderating discussions around alleged adverse events. While some cases illustrate that social media networks can synthesise and amplify rumours about adverse events, traditional media coverage remains crucial as a forum for exploring and debunking spurious claims.Conclusion: Traditional media stories still bear signficant responsibility as credibility markers for rumours about vaccine adverse events. Journalists should therefore be encouraged to be particularly earnest when reporting such stories, and the scientific community should aid journalists in this task by clearly responding to any rumours emerging online.
Progression Patterns in Non-Contrast-Enhancing Gliomas Support Brain Tumor Responsiveness to Surgical Lesions
Authors: Brenner Steffen , Hartzendorf Sebastian , Vogt Philip , Maier Elena , Etminan Nima , Jung Erik , Wick Wolfgang , Sahm Felix , Winkler Frank , Ratliff Miriam 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The overall benefit of surgical treatments for patients with glioma is undisputed. We have shown preclinically that brain tumor cells form a network that is capable of detecting damage to the tumor, and repair itself. The aim of this study was to determine whether a similar mechanism might contribute to local recurrence in the clinical setting.Methods: We evaluated tumor progression patterns of 24 initially non-contrast-enhancing gliomas that were partially resected or biopsied. We measured the distance between the new contrast enhancement developing over time, and prior surgical lesioning, and evaluated tumor network changes in response to sequential resections by quantifying tumor cells and tumor networks with specific stainings against IDH1-R132H.Results: We found that new contrast enhancement appeared within the residual, non-enhancing tumor mass in 21/24 patients (87.5%). The location of new contrast enhancement within the residual tumor region was non-random; it occurred adjacent to the wall of the resection cavity in 12/21 patients (57.1%). Interestingly, the density of the glioma cell network increased in all patient tumors between initial resection or biopsy and recurrence. In line with the histological and radiological malignization, Ki67 expression increased from initial to final resections in 14/17 cases.Conclusion: The non-random distribution of glioma malignization in patients and unidirectional increase of anatomical tumor networks after surgical procedures provides evidence that surgical lesions, in the presence of residual tumor cells, can stimulate local tumor progression and tumor cell network formation. This argues for the development of intraoperative treatments increasing the benefits from surgical resection by specifically disrupting the mechanisms of local recurrence, particularly tumor cell network functionality.
Pretransplant and Posttransplant Alcohol Consumption and Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Jung Hee-Yeon , Jeon Yena , Huh Kyu Ha , Park Jae Berm , Kim Myung-Gyu , Lee Sik , Han Seungyeup , Ro Han , Yang Jaeseok , Ahn Curie , Cho Jang-Hee , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Yong-Lim , Kim Chan-Duck 
Published: May 2022

The impact of pretransplant and posttransplant alcohol consumption on outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is uncertain. Self-reported alcohol consumption was obtained at the time of transplant and 2 years after transplant in a prospective cohort study. Among 907 KTRs, 368 (40.6%) were drinkers at the time of transplant. Compared to non-drinkers, alcohol consumption did not affect the risk of death-censored graft failure (DCGF), biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), cardiovascular events, or all-cause mortality. Compared to persistent non-drinkers, the development of DCGF, BPAR, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, or posttransplant diabetes mellitus was not affected by the alcohol consumption pattern (persistent, de novo, or stopped drinking) over time. However, de novo drinkers had a significantly higher total cholesterol (p &lt; 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.005) compared to persistent non-drinkers 5 years after transplant, and had significantly higher total cholesterol levels (p = 0.002) compared to the stopped drinking group 7 years after transplant, even after adjusting for the use of lipid-lowering agents, age, sex, and body mass index. Although pretransplant and posttransplant alcohol consumption were not associated with major outcomes in KTRs during the median follow-up of 6.0 years, a new start of alcohol use after KT results in a relatively poor lipid profile.Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02042963.