bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A synthetic genetic array screen for interactions with the RNA helicase DED1 during cell stress in budding yeast
Authors: Carey Sara B , List Hannah M , Siby Ashwin , Guerra Paolo , Bolger Timothy A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During cellular stress it is essential for cells to alter their gene expression to adapt and survive. Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, but translation regulation is both a method for rapid changes to the proteome and, as one of the most energy-intensive cellular processes, a way to efficiently redirect cellular resources during stress conditions. Despite this ideal positioning, many of the specifics of how translation is regulated, positively or negatively, during various types of cellular stress remain poorly understood. To further assess this regulation, we examined the essential translation factor Ded1, an RNA helicase that has been previously shown to play important roles in the translational response to cellular stress. In particular, ded1 mutants display an increased resistance to growth inhibition and translation repression induced by the TOR pathway inhibitor, rapamycin, suggesting that normal stress responses are partially defective in these mutants. To gain further insight into Ded1 translational regulation during stress, synthetic genetic array analysis was conducted in the presence of rapamycin with a ded1 mutant and a library of nonessential genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify positive and negative genetic interactions in an unbiased manner. Here, we report the results of this screen and subsequent network mapping and Gene Ontology-term analysis. Hundreds of candidate interactions were identified, which fell into expected categories, such as ribosomal proteins and amino acid biosynthesis, as well as unexpected ones, including membrane trafficking, sporulation, and protein glycosylation. Therefore, these results provide several specific directions for further comprehensive studies.
Validation of a Measure of Role Overload and Gains for End-of-Life Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Turner Shelbie G , Epps Fayron , Li Minghui , Leggett Amanda N , Hu Mengyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCaregiving stress process models suggest that heterogeneous contexts differentially contribute to caregivers’ experiences of role overload and gains. End-of-life (EOL) caregivers, especially EOL dementia caregivers, facing unique challenges and care tasks, may experience role overload and gains in different ways than other caregivers. This study evaluates measurement invariance of role overload and gains between EOL caregivers and non-EOL caregivers and between EOL dementia and EOL non-dementia caregivers.MethodsWe utilized role gains and overload data from 1,859 family caregivers who participated in Round 7 of the National Study of Caregiving. We ran confirmatory factor analyses to investigate the factorial structure across all caregivers and then examined the structure’s configural, metric, and scalar invariance between (a) EOL caregivers and non-EOL caregivers and (b) EOL dementia and EOL non-dementia caregivers.ResultsAcross the entire sample, the two-factor overload and gains model had good fit (χ 2(19) = 121.37, p &lt; .0001; RMSEA = .053, 90% CI = [.044, .062]; CFI = .954; TLI = .932). Tests of invariance comparing EOL caregivers to non-EOL caregivers and EOL dementia caregivers to EOL non-dementia caregivers maintained configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance. Latent mean comparisons revealed that EOL caregivers had higher role overload (p = .0002), but no different role gains (p = .45), than non-EOL caregivers. Likewise, EOL dementia caregivers had higher role overload (p = .05), but no different role gains (p = .42), than EOL non-dementia caregivers.DiscussionResults offer both a deeper theoretical understanding of end-of-life dementia caregivers’ experiences of role overload and gains, and a practical tool to measure those experiences.
Caregiving for Foreign-Born Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Diminich Erica D , Lu Peiyi , Arévalo Sandra P , Sayed Linda , Abdelrahim Randa , Ajrouch Kristine J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines how nativity, dementia classification, and age of migration (AOM) of older foreign-born (FB) adults are associated with caregiver psychological well-being and care burden.MethodsWe used linked data from Round 1 and Round 5 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study and Round 5 of the National Study of Caregiving for a sample of nondementia caregivers (n = 941), dementia caregivers (n = 533), and matched care recipients. Ordinary least squares regression models were estimated, adjusting for caregiver characteristics.ResultsRelative to nondementia caregivers, dementia caregivers were more likely to provide care for an older FB adult (8.69% vs. 26.70%), reported more assistance with caregiving activities, worse quality of relationship with care recipients, and higher care burden than nondementia caregivers. In adjusted models, interactions of nativity status × dementia and AOM × dementia revealed that overall, caregivers of older FB adults with dementia who migrated in late life (50+) reported lower psychological well-being than those caring for older FB older adults who migrated at (20–49 years) and (0–19 years). Moderating effects of AOM on the link between dementia caregiving and care burden were not observed.DiscussionAge of migration of older FB adults with probable dementia may have unique effects on the caregiver’s psychological well-being. Our results underscore the importance of considering sociocultural factors of FB adults beyond nativity and the need for research to develop culturally appropriate interventions to enhance psychological well-being and reduce the care burden among dementia caregivers.
Data standardization of plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Salim José A , Saraiva Antonio M , Zermoglio Paula F , Agostini Kayna , Wolowski Marina , Drucker Debora P , Soares Filipi M , Bergamo Pedro J , Varassin Isabela G , Freitas Leandro , Maués Márcia M , Rech Andre R , Veiga Allan K , Acosta Andre L , Araujo Andréa C , Nogueira Anselmo , Blochtein Betina , Freitas Breno M , Albertini Bruno C , Maia-Silva Camila , Nunes Carlos E P , Pires Carmen S S , dos Santos Charles F , Queiroz Elisa P , Cartolano Etienne A , de Oliveira Favízia F , Amorim Felipe W , Fontúrbel Francisco E , da Silva Gleycon V , Consolaro Hélder , Alves-dos-Santos Isabel , Machado Isabel C , Silva Juliana S , Aleixo Kátia P , Carvalheiro Luísa G , Rocca Márcia A , Pinheiro Mardiore , Hrncir Michael , Streher Nathália S , Ferreira Patricia A , de Albuquerque Patricia M C , Maruyama Pietro K , Borges Rafael C , Giannini Tereza C , Brito Vinícius L G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has promoted great advances in biological data sharing and aggregation, supporting large-scale studies and science-based public policies. However, these standards are currently not suitable to fully support interaction data sharing.

Results
Here we present a vocabulary of terms and a data model for sharing plant–pollinator interactions data based on the Darwin Core standard. The vocabulary introduces 48 new terms targeting several aspects of plant–pollinator interactions and can be used to capture information from different approaches and scales. Additionally, we provide solutions for data serialization using RDF, XML, and DwC-Archives and recommendations of existing controlled vocabularies for some of the terms. Our contribution supports open access to standardized data on plant–pollinator interactions.

Conclusions
The adoption of the vocabulary would facilitate data sharing to support studies ranging from the spatial and temporal distribution of interactions to the taxonomic, phenological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of plant–pollinator interactions. We expect to fill data and knowledge gaps, thus further enabling scientific research on the ecology and evolution of plant–pollinator communities, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and the development of public policies. The proposed data model is flexible and can be adapted for sharing other types of interactions data by developing discipline-specific vocabularies of terms.
Making Common Fund data more findable: catalyzing a data ecosystem
Authors: Charbonneau Amanda L , Brady Arthur , Czajkowski Karl , Aluvathingal Jain , Canchi Saranya , Carter Robert , Chard Kyle , Clarke Daniel J B , Crabtree Jonathan , Creasy Heather H , D'Arcy Mike , Felix Victor , Giglio Michelle , Gingrich Alicia , Harris Rayna M , Hodges Theresa K , Ifeonu Olukemi , Jeon Minji , Kropiwnicki Eryk , Lim Marisa C W , Liming R Lee , Lumian Jessica , Mahurkar Anup A , Mandal Meisha , Munro James B , Nadendla Suvarna , Richter Rudyard , Romano Cia , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Schor Michael , Schuler Robert E , Tangmunarunkit Hongsuda , Waldrop Alex , Williams Cris , Word Karen , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Ma'ayan Avi , Wagner Rick , Foster Ian , Kesselman Carl , Brown C Titus , White Owen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Common Fund Data Ecosystem (CFDE) has created a flexible system of data federation that enables researchers to discover datasets from across the US National Institutes of Health Common Fund without requiring that data owners move, reformat, or rehost those data. This system is centered on a catalog that integrates detailed descriptions of biomedical datasets from individual Common Fund Programs’ Data Coordination Centers (DCCs) into a uniform metadata model that can then be indexed and searched from a centralized portal. This Crosscut Metadata Model (C2M2) supports the wide variety of data types and metadata terms used by individual DCCs and can readily describe nearly all forms of biomedical research data. We detail its use to ingest and index data from 11 DCCs.
How not to manage crises in the European Union
Authors: Sottilotta Cecilia Emma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The process of European integration has often been used as either a model or an anti-model for other regional integration experiences. This article discusses the European Union's shortcomings in crisis management, arguing that valuable ‘how not to’ lessons can be drawn by dissecting the initial stages of the eurozone crisis and the COVID–19 pandemic as ‘moments of truth’. The main policy mistakes committed at the onset of both crises are explored devoting special attention to the role played by the hiatus between research and policy, as well as the inadequacies, biases and hubris of academic analyses. Ideally, comprehensive reforms would be required to equip the EU with the competences and tools needed for effective crisis management. The article concludes that, in the absence of such comprehensive reforms, the only option left to policy-makers engaging in crisis management will be to seek a pragmatic middle ground between supranationalism and intergovernmentalism on a case-by-case basis.
How not to sanction
Authors: Drezner Daniel W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the past century economic sanctions have emerged as a prominent ‘off the shelf’ tool of diplomacy. This article examines two of the most high-profile failures in the history of economic sanctions: the United Nations sanctions against Iraq between the two Gulf wars, and the Trump administration's re-imposition of sanctions on Iran beginning in 2018. The technology of economic statecraft changed considerably between these two cases, indicating significant policy learning. In both instances, however, the sanctions imposed crippling costs on the target state without any observable concessions. In neither case was the primary goal achieved, and the negative policy externalities were considerable. An autopsy of these failures reveals three cautionary warnings. First, the recipe for sanctions success is not merely a function of the ability to impose costs on the target state. Second, an underappreciated impediment to the successful use of economic statecraft is a failure to articulate clear and consistent demands. Third, tight linkages between scholars and policy-makers can lead to improved policies in the short term, but long-term political imperatives within great powers can pervert such successes.
How not to deal with a rising China: a US perspective
Authors: Nye Joseph S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Will China displace the United States as the world's leading power by the centenary of Communist rule in 2049? The outcome will depend on many unknowns including what the two countries do over the next three decades. US leaders are likely to rely on their mental maps of how the world works. The primary sources of their mental maps tend to come from historical analogies and from international relations theories. Both are highly imperfect representations of reality. Historical metaphors and analogies are rife in the debate over how to understand the current rise of China, but three are particularly salient: a Thucydides trap; a new Cold War; and 1914 sleepwalkers. This article discusses the merits and demerits of relying on each of these analogies in turn, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of prior mental maps that guided US policy-makers during the post-Cold War era. Chinese elites expect to replace the US as the leading global power by 2049. How should the US respond? Two prevalent historical analogies are misleading: a Thucydides trap about power transition, and a new Cold War that ignores the three-dimensional nature of US–China interdependence. More promising is the cautionary narrative of sleepwalking into the First World War. A successful strategy must lay out conditions for a cooperative rivalry starting with a careful net assessment of power resources and the formulation of feasible goals.
How not to war
Authors: Carvin Stephanie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While the Cold War seemingly ended the prospect of nuclear annihilation, in the West it also brought about renewed belief in the utility of force. A warming international political environment and developments in precision technology (as demonstrated by the 1990–91 Gulf War) appeared to create a permissive environment in which western states, particularly the United States, armed with smart weapons, international resolutions and a capacity to engage anywhere and whenever they want to—and all at a low cost—could bring about improvements in some of the most desperate and war-torn places on the planet. Nations who possessed a large, technologically precise and sophisticated hammer could suddenly view world problems as convenient, easily fixed nails. The end result of this vision, however, has been disaster—resulting in flawed intervention after failed intervention, including Somalia, the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya. Indeed, these supposedly ‘easy wars’ have become ‘forever wars’. The question is: why has the West continually failed to learn this lesson? This article explores how the chaos that ensues in the wake of ‘easy war’ conflicts has reinforced a tendency within Washington policy-circles to utilize weapons that are more automated and/or remove individuals from the battlefield entirely. The lesson that technology cannot conquer the ‘fog of war’ to create costless victory or replace the hard work of politics and diplomacy is never learned. And even as President Joe Biden's administration begins to pivot towards Russia and Asia, it is likely that this tendency will endure.
How not to interfere in another country's domestic politics
Authors: Istomin Igor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Foreign interference poses an increasing threat in the current tensions among major powers, given pervasive expectations regarding its strategic effects and low costs. Transborder operations seeking to undermine a government or reinforce it against opposition emerge as a safer alternative to forcible coercion. Such operations incorporate assistance to political groups and individuals within a target state aiming to reorient its foreign policy, weaken its capabilities or promote one's ideology. However, this article exposes their deficiencies. It indicates the low chances of proxies to establish their rule, the difficulties in converting such accomplishments into benefits for an interfering state, and the emotional grievances from unfulfilled expectations. By delegating responsibilities, an interfering state loosens its operational control. The article strongly warns against targeting major powers as they are hard to subvert and supply proxies with opportunities to defect. The record of Soviet assistance to the Chinese Communists reveals the negative repercussions of the seemingly successful interference. It is a rare instance where interference targeting a major power produced a change in its government. For several years the People's Republic of China remained a military ally and ideological disciple to Moscow, but these accomplishments were unsustainable. Soviet leverage dissipated as the Chinese Communists consolidated their rule, while disagreements over standing and past wrongs precipitated the breakdown of cooperation. Although the recent debates on interference emphasize anxiety over the technological transformations, this article focuses on fundamental political limitations, ensuring applicability of its lessons in spite of potential changes in means employed by interfering states.
Effect of learning parameters on the performance of the U-Net architecture for cell nuclei segmentation from microscopic cell images
Authors: Jena Biswajit , Digdarshi Dishant , Paul Sudip , Nayak Gopal K , Saxena Sanjay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nuclei segmentation of cells is the preliminary and essential step of pathological image analysis. However, robust and accurate cell nuclei segmentation is challenging due to the enormous variability of staining, cell sizes, morphologies, cell adhesion or overlapping of the nucleus. The automation process to find the cell’s nuclei is a giant leap in this direction and has an important step toward bioimage analysis using software tools. This article extensively analyzes deep U-Net architecture and has been applied to the Data Science Bowl dataset to segment the cell nuclei. The dataset undergoes various preprocessing tasks such as resizing, intensity normalization and data augmentation prior to segmentation. The complete dataset then undergoes the rigorous training and validation process to find the optimized hyperparameters and then the optimized model selection. The mean (m) ± standard deviation (SD) of Intersection over Union (IoU) and F1-score (Dice score) have been calculated along with accuracy during the training and validation process, respectively. The optimized U-Net model results in a training IoU of 0.94 ± 0.16 (m ± SD), an F1-score of 0.94 ± 0.17 (m ± SD), a training accuracy of 95.54 and validation accuracy of 95.45. With this model, we applied a completely independent test cohort of the dataset and obtained the mean IOU of 0.93, F1-score of 0.9311, and mean accuracy of 94.12, respectively to measure the segmentation performance.
Exploring the influence of focused ion beam processing and scanning electron microscopy imaging on solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Ding Ziming , Tang Yushu , Chakravadhanula Venkata Sai Kiran , Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank , Dai Yuting , Scherer Torsten , Kübel Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Performing reliable preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples is the necessary basis for a meaningful investigation by ex situ and even more so by in situ TEM techniques, but it is challenging using materials that are sensitive to electron beam irradiation. Focused ion beam is currently the most commonly employed technique for a targeted preparation, but the structural modifications induced during focused ion beam preparation are not fully understood for a number of materials. Here, we have investigated the impact of both the electron and the Ga+ ion beam on insulating solid-state electrolytes (lithium phosphorus oxynitride, Na-β"-alumina solid electrolyte and Na3.4Si2.4Zr2P0.6O12 (NaSICON)) and observed significant lithium/sodium whisker growth induced by both the electron and ion beam already at fairly low dose, leading to a significant change in the chemical composition. The metal whisker growth is presumably mainly due to surface charging, which can be reduced by coating with a gold layer or preparation under cryogenic conditions as efficient approaches to stabilize the solid electrolyte for scanning electron microscopy imaging and TEM sample preparation. Details on the different preparation approaches, the acceleration voltage dependence and the induced chemical and morphological changes are reported.
Disability, Enhancement, and Flourishing
Authors: Eberl Jason T 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent debate among bioethicists concerns the potential to enhance human beings’ physical or cognitive capacities by means of genetic, pharmacological, cybernetic, or surgical interventions. Between “transhumanists,” who argue for unreserved enhancement of human capabilities, and “bioconservatives,” who warn against any non-therapeutic manipulation of humanity’s natural condition, lie those who support limited forms of enhancement for the sake of individual and collective human flourishing. Many scholars representing these views also share a concern over the status and interests of human beings with various types of cognitive and physical disabilities, some of which may be ameliorable by enhancement interventions. The question addressed in this paper is whether valuing the enhancement of human capabilities may be reconciled with valuing the existence and phenomenological experiences of human beings with various disabilities. Can we value enhanced capabilities without disvaluing those whose capabilities fall below a defined threshold of “normal function”? Furthermore, if certain forms of disability, particularly cognitive disabilities, negatively impact one’s flourishing, could the enhancement of one’s cognitive capacities through biotechnological means enhance one’s flourishing.
Defining Disability: Creating a Monster?
Authors: Espinoza Marissa D , Tenorio Addison S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisability is often defined as deviation from putative norms of physical, cognitive, or affective function. This definition is normatively laden, causing people with disabilities to be thought of as “different” and treated with pity. We address the predominant theme of this issue on “Disability Identity”: defining and imposing the category of “disability” and attempting to overcome it through medical intervention. The issue culminates in a call for courageous humility as the proper response to encounters with disability, providing medical professionals with the disposition to resist medicine’s inherent drive to fix what is perceived to be broken—that which strays from the norm. We hope that this issue might act as a clarion call to medical professionals to reevaluate how they see and interact with “disability” as a category, and ultimately with people with disabilities, especially with respect to what may be owed to persons with disabilities from society.