bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the laser metal deposition of Inconel 718 superalloy using the numerical and experimental methods
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Khandaei Mehrdad , Shoja Razavi Reza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this research, a volume of fluid (VOF) model was developed to investigate the effect of laser deposition parameters on the geometry of molten pool and deposited layer in the Inconel 718 superalloy. For this purpose, the process parameters of laser power, laser beam diameter and scanning speed were considered to estimate the geometric characteristics of the molten pool and deposited layer. In the following, the laser deposition process of Inconel 718 superalloy was carried out experimentally to validate the results of simulation. It was observed that an increase in the laser power from 100 to 400 W resulted in an improvement in the length, width and depth of molten pool, while an increase in the values of laser beam diameter (from 1 to 2 mm) and scanning speed (from 2 to 10 mm s−1) was associated with a reduction in the length, width and depth of molten pool. From the results of both simulation and experiments, a reduction was observed in the wetting angle of deposited layer when the values of laser power and scanning speed increased up to 400 W and 10 mm s−1 respectively, while the increase of feeding rate from 48 to 62 mgr s−1 indicated an improvement in the wetting angle. It was also observed that the maximum penetration depth was obtained in the rear part of molten pool due to Marangoni convection currents that pushed the melt toward the end of molten pool. The comparison of the experimental results and those predicted by the VOF model indicated that the model is capable of predicting the shape of deposition layer with sensible error.
Integrate a high precision scan magnet power supply in NSRRC
Authors: Huang Jhao-Cyuan , Wong Yong-Seng , Liu Kuo-Bin , Jan Jyh-Chyuan , Lin Fu-Yuan , Chu Yun-Liang , Hsu Yang-Yang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work describes the integration of a high precision power supply in a scan magnet in National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC). Horizontal and vertical energy transmission to the scan magnet are independent. The high precision and sinewave are utilised to produce a smooth circle field. This power supply has an air cooling system and a more protective function to keep the machine and magnet from being damaged. During the scan magnet application, the maximum current is 12.5 A, and the inductor is 30 mH at 20 Hz sine wave. Accordingly, Kecpo BOP 72-14 model with a maximum current of 14 A and maximum output voltage of 72 V is chosen. Finally, an integrated high-precision scan magnet power supply is created in the laboratory. Experimental result shows the output current ripple and bandwidth, with the output current being 14 A and the maximum ripple being 0.45 A. This combination is simple because no resistor is in parallel with the magnet coils. Lastly, this work demonstrates the magnetic field, output current ripple, and frequency variation with output current to prove that this power supply meets the requirements.
Measurement catastrophe and ballistic spread of charge density with vanishing current
Authors: Zadnik L , Bocini S , Bidzhiev K , Fagotti M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the features of many-body quantum systems with Hilbert-space fragmentation are stationary states manifesting quantum jamming. It was recently shown that these are ‘states with memory’, in which, e.g. measuring a localised observable has everlasting macroscopic effects. We study such a measurement catastrophe with an example that stands out for its clarity. We show in particular that at late times the expectation value of a charge density becomes a nontrivial function of the ratio between distance and time notwithstanding the corresponding current approaching zero.
Myasthenia gravis: What does a pharmacist need to know?
Authors: Marriott Morgan , Schwery Abbey , VandenBerg Amy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeMyasthenia gravis (MG) is not commonly covered in pharmacy school curricula. However, many medications that have been reported to cause exacerbations of MG are among the top 200 most prescribed drugs. The purpose of this therapeutic update is to provide pharmacists with a general understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of MG and describe common medications with the potential to cause new onset or acute worsening of this disease.SummaryMG is an autoimmune disorder in which patients develop autoantibodies to a component of the neuromuscular junction, most frequently the acetylcholine receptor, resulting in impairment of skeletal muscle contraction. Although MG is not highly prevalent, there are up to 60,000 individuals with MG in the US, making it a disease that many pharmacists will likely encounter at least once in their career. Immunosuppressant medications and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are the mainstays of treatment, although there is limited evidence as to which agents are most efficacious. Medications that activate the immune system, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, may cause new onset of disease, while those with actions on the neuromuscular junction, such as macrolides and fluoroquinolones, can cause acute worsening of disease.ConclusionMG, although not frequently covered in pharmacy school curricula, is a disease state for which it is not uncommon for pharmacists to provide care. Treatment tends to be patient specific, and evidence is often weak. Many medications that cause new onset or worsening of MG are among the most prescribed. Key classes of medications to use with caution include macrolides, fluoroquinolones, β-blockers, and magnesium.
Greeting in English as a Foreign Language: A Problem for Speakers of Chinese
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z , Liu Fengguang , Liu Shiyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the phenomenon of greeting in English, which can be surprisingly challenging for speakers of other languages, such as Chinese. By ‘greeting’ we mean the seemingly ‘simple’ act of choosing conventionalized expressions at the opening of an encounter. Following pilot interviews with Chinese learners of English who reported puzzlement concerning greeting in English, we pursue a two-fold approach to explore conventions of greeting in English and Chinese. First, we use corpora to investigate pragmatic differences and similarities between conventionalized uses of English and Chinese comparable Greet expressions, examining them separately and then conducting a contrastive analysis. This step helps us capture the contextual spread of Greet expressions in English and Chinese. Second, we elicit production data from speakers of English and Chinese to investigate their behaviour in the broader opening phase of an interaction across various contexts. The results of the study help us understand in a differentiated way the puzzlement that certain groups of learners of English feel when it comes to greeting.
Plant specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere of tomatoes: secretion and effects on microorganisms
Authors: Nakayasu Masaru , Takamatsu Kyoko , Yazaki Kazufumi , Sugiyama Akifumi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPlants interact with microorganisms in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Here the roots exude plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) that have diverse biological and ecological functions. Recent reports have shown that these PSMs influence the rhizosphere microbiome, which is essential for the plant's growth and health. This review summarizes several specialized metabolites secreted into the rhizosphere of the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum), which is an important model species for plant research and a commercial crop. In this review, we focused on the effects of such plant metabolites on plant-microbe interactions. We also reviewed recent studies on improving the growth of tomatoes by analyzing and reconstructing the rhizosphere microbiome and discussed the challenges to be addressed in establishing sustainable agriculture.
Achieving improved accuracy for imputation of ancient DNA
Authors: Ausmees Kristiina , Nettelblad Carl 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivationGenotype imputation has the potential to increase the amount of information that can be gained from the often limited biological material available in ancient samples. As many widely used tools have been developed with modern data in mind, their design is not necessarily reflective of the requirements in studies of ancient DNA. Here, we investigate if an imputation method based on the full probabilistic Li and Stephens model of haplotype frequencies might be beneficial for the particular challenges posed by ancient data.ResultsWe present an implementation called prophaser and compare imputation performance to two alternative pipelines that have been used in the ancient DNA community based on the Beagle software. Considering empirical ancient data downsampled to lower coverages as well as present-day samples with artificially thinned genotypes, we show that the proposed method is advantageous at lower coverages, where it yields improved accuracy and ability to capture rare variation. The software prophaser is optimized for running in a massively parallel manner and achieved reasonable runtimes on the experiments performed when executed on a GPU.Availability and implementationThe C++ code for prophaser is available in the GitHub repository https://github.com/scicompuu/prophaser.Supplementary informationSupplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online.
Power enhancement using improved maximum power point tracking for solar photovoltaic systems under partial shading
Authors: Bhos Chandrakant D , Sayyad Javed , Nasikkar Paresh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the key reasons contributing to a reduction in the performance of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is the presence of partial shade on the solar panels. It is necessary to use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in SPV systems to get around the non-linear behaviour of photovoltaic panels. This research analyses the reduction in power output of SPV systems caused by partial shading. In the latter part of the paper, the improved dynamic behaviour-based ant colony optimization MPPT approach under the effect of module-level partial shading is implemented in MATLAB®/Simulink®. Various partial shading levels were applied to SPV modules to evaluate the system performance. The proposed system follows the maximum power point with 99.9% accuracy and a response time of 2 ms. The addition of a weight coefficient accelerates the convergence of the algorithm.
Black and White Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Have Similar Outcomes but Different Risk Factors
Authors: Ruffin Felicia , Dagher Michael , Park Lawrence P , Wanda Lisa , Hill-Rorie Jonathan , Mohnasky Michael , Marshall Julia , Souli Maria , Lantos Paul , Sharma-Kuinkel Batu K , Maskarinec Stacey A , Eichenberger Emily M , Muiruri Charles , Broadnax Brittney , Fowler Vance G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) disproportionately affects Black patients. The reasons for this disparity are unclear.

Methods
We evaluated a prospectively ascertained cohort of patients with SAB from 1995 to 2020. Clinical characteristics, bacterial genotypes, and outcome were compared among Black and White patients with SAB. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors independently associated with the outcomes.

Results
Among 3068 patients with SAB, 1107 (36%) were Black. Black patients were younger (median, 56 years vs 63 years; P &lt; .001) and had higher rates of diabetes (47.5% vs 34.5%, P &lt; .001), hemodialysis dependence (40.0% vs 7.3%, P &lt; .001), and human immunodeficiency virus (6.4% vs 0.6%, P &lt; .001). Black patients had higher rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (49.3% vs 44.9%, P = .020), including the USA300 hypervirulent clone (11.5% vs 8.4%, P = .007). White patients had higher rates of corticosteroid use (22.4% vs 15.8%, P &lt; .0001) and surgery in the preceding 30 days (28.1% vs 18.7%, P &lt; .001). Although the median Acute Physiology Score (APS) at the time of initial SAB diagnosis was significantly higher in Black patients (median APS, 9; interquartile range [IQR], 5–14 vs median APS, 7; IQR, 4–12; P &lt; .001), race was not associated with 90-day mortality (risk ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, .93–1.12), and rates of metastatic infection were lower among Black patients (37.2% vs 41.3% White, P = .029).

Conclusions
Despite differences in Black patients' higher APS on presentation and more risk factors, including a 5 times higher risk of hemodialysis dependence, 90-day mortality among Black and White patients with SAB was similar.
Ecological Drivers and Consequences of Bumble Bee Body Size Variation
Authors: Fitzgerald Jacquelyn L , Ogilvie Jane E , CaraDonna Paul J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Body size is arguably one of the most important traits influencing the physiology and ecology of animals. Shifts in animal body size have been observed in response to climate change, including in bumble bees (Bombus spp. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]). Bumble bee size shifts have occurred concurrently with the precipitous population declines of several species, which appear to be related, in part, to their size. Body size variation is central to the ecology of bumble bees, from their social organization to the pollination services they provide to plants. If bumble bee size is shifted or constrained, there may be consequences for the pollination services they provide and for our ability to predict their responses to global change. Yet, there are still many aspects of the breadth and role of bumble bee body size variation that require more study. To this end, we review the current evidence of the ecological drivers of size variation in bumble bees and the consequences of that variation on bumble bee fitness, foraging, and species interactions. In total we review: (1) the proximate determinants and physiological consequences of size variation in bumble bees; (2) the environmental drivers and ecological consequences of size variation; and (3) synthesize our understanding of size variation in predicting how bumble bees will respond to future changes in climate and land use. As global change intensifies, a better understanding of the factors influencing the size distributions of bumble bees, and the consequences of those distributions, will allow us to better predict future responses of these pollinators.
Gravid Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) Fails to Detect or Respond to the Presence of the Oothecal Parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Smith C M , Chicas-Mosier A M , Appel A G , Fadamiro H Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Several families of parasitic Hymenoptera have evolved traits that allow them to exploit cockroach oothecae. Cockroaches may bury and conceal their oothecae to prevent parasitoid attack. However, these protective measures require additional investment by females. We hypothesized that gravid cockroaches would reduce parental care in the absence of oothecal parasitoids and increase care when parasitoids were detected. Behavior bioassays consisted of glass jars containing a gravid American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattodea: Blattidae), expanded polystyrene (EPS), and a dog food pellet. A fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) or parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was added for the fly and parasitoid treatments, respectively. There was no significant difference among treatments in the proportion of oothecae buried or in mean cover of oothecae with EPS particles. Cover had no effect on parasitism success or failure. Electroantennogram (EAG) assays using P. americana antennae were also conducted. The EAG responses to dead parasitoid stimuli (0.111–0.124 mV) were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) greater than the negative control, but responses to living parasitoid stimuli (0.075–0.089 mV) were nonsignificant. These findings suggest that burial and concealment of oothecae is a general defensive behavior employed regardless of the presence or absence of a natural enemy. The results also indicate that gravid P. americana are unable to detect, and therefore, differentiate A. hagenowii from other insects and that A. hagenowii can successfully locate and parasitize oothecae completely concealed with EPS particles.
The impact of a community health worker intervention on uptake of antenatal care: a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Regan Mathilda , Cheng Chao , Mboggo Eric , Larson Elysia , Lema Irene Andrew , Magesa Lucy , Machumi Lameck , Ulenga Nzovu , Sando David , Mwanyika-Sando Mary , Barnhart Dale A , Hong Biling , Mungure Ester , Li Nan , Siril Hellen , Mujinja Phares , Naburi Helga , Kilewo Charles , Ekström Anna Mia , Geldsetzer Pascal , Fawzi Wafaie , Bärnighausen Till , Sudfeld Christopher R , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe provision of high-quality antenatal care (ANC) is important for preventing maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity, but only around half of pregnant women in Tanzania attended four or more ANC visits in 2019. Although there is emerging evidence on the benefit of community health worker (CHW) interventions on ANC uptake, few large-scale pragmatic trials have been conducted. This pragmatic cluster-randomized trial, implemented directly through the public sector health system, assessed the impact of an intervention that trained public sector CHWs to promote the uptake of ANC. We randomized 60 administrative wards in Dar es Salaam to either a targeted CHW intervention or a standard of care. The impact of the intervention was assessed using generalized estimating equations with an independent working correlation matrix to account for clustering within wards. A total of 243 908 women were included in the analysis of our primary outcome of four or more ANC visits. The intervention significantly increased the likelihood of attending four or more ANC visits [relative risk (RR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.92] and had a modest beneficial effect on the total number of ANC visits (percent change: 7.7%; 95% CI: 0.2%, 15.5%). While slightly more women in the intervention arm attended ANC in their first trimester compared with the standard-of-care arm (19% vs 18.7%), the difference was not significant (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.22). Our findings suggest that trained CHWs can increase attendance of ANC visits in Dar es Salaam and similar settings. However, additional interventions appear necessary to promote the early initiation of ANC. This study demonstrates that routine health system data can be leveraged for outcome assessment in trials and programme evaluation and that the results are likely superior, both in terms of bias and precision, to data that are collected specifically for science.
Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care
Authors:   Prepared by the Animal Facilities Standards Committee of the Animal Care Panel
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Animal Care Panel is a nonprofit educational association of individuals and institutions concerned with the production, care, and study of laboratory animals. The entire United States and several foreign countries are represented in its membership. The Panel provides for the exchange of scientific information on all phases of laboratory animal care. It compiles and distributes information on films dealing with the handling of laboratory animals, and has initiated an animal technicians’ training program. It publishes a bimonthly journal, “Laboratory Animal Care;” sponsors annual awards designed to encourage and reward outstanding accomplishment in the improvement of the care and quality of laboratory animals; and maintains close liaison with the Institute of Laboratory Resources (National Research Council), the American Veterinary Medical Association (through the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine), the Laboratory Animal Breeders Association, and the National Society for Medical Research. Through its Animal Facilities Standards Committee, the Panel gathers and examines information that will aid in the establishment of high standards for the care of animals. The Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care was adopted by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, on January 28, 1963.
Relative bioavailability of crushed tebipenem administered through a nasogastric tube with and without enteral feeding
Authors: Fouad Aliaa , Quintiliani Richard , Nicolau David P , Asempa Tomefa E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide is an orally bioavailable carbapenem prodrug of the active agent tebipenem with broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant Enterobacterales. This study aimed to evaluate the relative bioavailability of crushed tebipenem tablets administered via nasogastric tube (NGT) with or without concomitant enteral feeds.

Methods
This Phase 1, open label study randomized 12 healthy subjects to receive a crushed tebipenem tablet via NGT (n = 6) or via NGT with concomitant Osmolite® enteral feeds (n = 6) on Study Day 1, followed by oral administration of tebipenem whole tablet (reference formulation) on Study Day 2. Tebipenem plasma concentrations were measured by LC with mass spectrometry. Bioequivalence was determined using pharmacokinetic parameters derived through non-compartmental analyses.

Results
Mean ± SD tebipenem pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma for subjects who received a crushed tablet via NGT (relative to whole tablet) and a crushed tablet with enteral feeds (relative to whole tablet) were as follows: maximum total plasma concentration (Cmax), 11.1 ± 3.9 (12 ± 3.4) and 10.2 ± 1.9 (10 ± 4) mg/L; area under the curve (AUC0–8), 17.5 ± 3.5 (17.9 ± 2.3) and 15 ± 4.3 (13.4 ± 5.3) mg•h/L. Using the 90% CI criteria, Cmaxand AUC0–8 values for tebipenem were found to be bioequivalent following alternative methods of administration compared with oral dosing of the whole tablet. The three methods of administration were well tolerated.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that tebipenem maintained bioequivalence when crushed and administered via NGT with and without accompanying enteral feeds in healthy subjects, relative to whole tablet oral administration. Data therefore support alternative methods of tebipenem administration depending on patient condition.