bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation history using machine learning
Authors: Chen Guoxiong , Cheng Qiuming , Lyons Timothy W. , Shen Jun , Agterberg Frits , Huang Ning , Zhao Molei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReconstructing historical atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels at finer temporal resolution is a top priority for exploring the evolution of life on Earth. This goal, however, is challenged by gaps in traditionally employed sediment-hosted geochemical proxy data. Here, we propose an independent strategy—machine learning with global mafic igneous geochemistry big data to explore atmospheric oxygenation over the last 4.0 billion years. We observe an overall two-step rise of atmospheric O2 similar to the published curves derived from independent sediment-hosted paleo-oxybarometers but with a more detailed fabric of O2 fluctuations superimposed. These additional, shorter-term fluctuations are also consistent with previous but less well-established suggestions of O2 variability. We conclude from this agreement that Earth’s oxygenated atmosphere may therefore be at least partly a natural consequence of mantle cooling and specifically that evolving mantle melts collectively have helped modulate the balance of early O2 sources and sinks.
A neuronal prospect theory model in the brain reward circuitry
Authors: Imaizumi Yuri , Tymula Agnieszka , Tsubo Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Masayuki , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProspect theory, arguably the most prominent theory of choice, is an obvious candidate for neural valuation models. How the activity of individual neurons, a possible computational unit, obeys prospect theory remains unknown. Here, we show, with theoretical accuracy equivalent to that of human neuroimaging studies, that single-neuron activity in four core reward-related cortical and subcortical regions represents the subjective valuation of risky gambles in monkeys. The activity of individual neurons in monkeys passively viewing a lottery reflects the desirability of probabilistic rewards parameterized as a multiplicative combination of utility and probability weighting functions, as in the prospect theory framework. The diverse patterns of valuation signals were not localized but distributed throughout most parts of the reward circuitry. A network model aggregating these signals reconstructed the risk preferences and subjective probability weighting revealed by the animals’ choices. Thus, distributed neural coding explains the computation of subjective valuations under risk.
Coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2
Authors: Dong Xiyu , Kathayat Gayatri , Rasmussen Sune O. , Svensson Anders , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Li Hanying , Sinha Ashish , Xu Yao , Zhang Haiwei , Shi Zhengguo , Cai Yanjun , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Baker Jonathan , Zhao Jingyao , Spötl Christoph , Columbu Andrea , Ning Youfeng , Stríkis Nicolás M. , Chen Shitao , Wang Xianfeng , Gupta Anil K. , Dutt Som , Zhang Fan , Cruz Francisco W. , An Zhisheng , Lawrence Edwards R. , Cheng Hai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur understanding of climate dynamics during millennial-scale events is incomplete, partially due to the lack of their precise phase analyses under various boundary conditions. Here we present nine speleothem oxygen-isotope records from mid-to-low-latitude monsoon regimes with sub-centennial age precision and multi-annual resolution, spanning the Heinrich Stadial 2 (HS2) — a millennial-scale event that occurred at the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggests that the Greenland and Antarctic ice-core chronologies require +320- and +400-year adjustments, respectively, supported by extant volcanic evidence and radiocarbon ages. Our chronological framework shows a synchronous HS2 onset globally. Our records precisely characterize a centennial-scale abrupt “tropical atmospheric seesaw” superimposed on the conventional “bipolar seesaw” at the beginning of HS2, implying a unique response/feedback from low-latitude hydroclimate. Together with our observation of an early South American monsoon shift at the HS2 termination, we suggest a more active role of low-latitude hydroclimate dynamics underlying millennial events than previously thought.
Gain-of-function mutations in KCNK3 cause a developmental disorder with sleep apnea
Authors: Sörmann Janina , Schewe Marcus , Proks Peter , Jouen-Tachoire Thibault , Rao Shanlin , Riel Elena B. , Agre Katherine E. , Begtrup Amber , Dean John , Descartes Maria , Fischer Jan , Gardham Alice , Lahner Carrie , Mark Paul R. , Muppidi Srikanth , Pichurin Pavel N. , Porrmann Joseph , Schallner Jens , Smith Kirstin , Straub Volker , Vasudevan Pradeep , Willaert Rebecca , Carpenter Elisabeth P. , Rödström Karin E. J. , Hahn Michael G. , Müller Thomas , Baukrowitz Thomas , Hurles Matthew E. , Wright Caroline F. , Tucker Stephen J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSleep apnea is a common disorder that represents a global public health burden. KCNK3 encodes TASK-1, a K+ channel implicated in the control of breathing, but its link with sleep apnea remains poorly understood. Here we describe a new developmental disorder with associated sleep apnea (developmental delay with sleep apnea, or DDSA) caused by rare de novo gain-of-function mutations in KCNK3. The mutations cluster around the ‘X-gate’, a gating motif that controls channel opening, and produce overactive channels that no longer respond to inhibition by G-protein-coupled receptor pathways. However, despite their defective X-gating, these mutant channels can still be inhibited by a range of known TASK channel inhibitors. These results not only highlight an important new role for TASK-1 K+ channels and their link with sleep apnea but also identify possible therapeutic strategies.
Socio-demographic factors and healthy lifestyle behaviours among Malaysian adults: National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019
Authors: Khaw Wan-Fei , Nasaruddin Nur Hamizah , Alias Nazirah , Chan Yee Mang , Tan LeeAnn , Cheong Siew Man , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Yong Heng Yaw 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and designated healthy lifestyle behaviours in a nationally-representative sample of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. Secondary data involving 7388 participants aged 18–96 years from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, a national cross-sectional survey, was used in this study. A healthy lifestyle score (0–5 points) was calculated based on five modifiable lifestyle factors: non-smoker, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, physically active, moderate (or less) alcohol intake, and daily consumption of ≥ 5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Associations between socio-demographic factors and healthy lifestyle behaviours were examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for sampling design. About 30.6% of the participants met at least four out of the five healthy lifestyle factors. In multinomial model, subjects who were female (aOR = 3.26, 95%CI = 2.58, 4.12), of Chinese (aOR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.62, 3.30 or other ethnicity (aOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05, 1.98), and aged 18–30 years (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.71) showed significant association with achieving healthy lifestyle compared to male, Malay and ≥ 61 years old as reference categories. Our results indicated that gender, age and ethnicity associated with healthy lifestyle behaviours. Information on the influence of socio-demographic factors on the prevalence of healthy lifestyles will facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies to improve the adaptation of healthy lifestyle practices.
Structural measures of similarity and complementarity in complex networks
Authors: Talaga Szymon , Nowak Andrzej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe principle of similarity, or homophily, is often used to explain patterns observed in complex networks such as transitivity and the abundance of triangles (3-cycles). However, many phenomena from division of labor to protein-protein interactions (PPI) are driven by complementarity (differences and synergy). Here we show that the principle of complementarity is linked to the abundance of quadrangles (4-cycles) and dense bipartite-like subgraphs. We link both principles to their characteristic motifs and introduce two families of coefficients of: (1) structural similarity, which generalize local clustering and closure coefficients and capture the full spectrum of similarity-driven structures; (2) structural complementarity, defined analogously but based on quadrangles instead of triangles. Using multiple social and biological networks, we demonstrate that the coefficients capture structural properties related to meaningful domain-specific phenomena. We show that they allow distinguishing between different kinds of social relations as well as measuring an increasing structural diversity of PPI networks across the tree of life. Our results indicate that some types of relations are better explained by complementarity than homophily, and may be useful for improving existing link prediction methods. We also introduce a Python package implementing efficient algorithms for calculating the proposed coefficients.
A comparison of the chest radiographic and computed tomographic features of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Lau Angela , Lin Christopher , Barrie James , Winter Christopher , Armstrong Gavin , Egedahl Mary Lou , Doroshenko Alexander , Heffernan Courtney , Asadi Leyla , Fisher Dina , Paulsen Catherine , Moolji Jalal , Huang Yiming , Long Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubclinical pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a recently described intermediate state of great interest, but about which little is known. This study sought to describe and compare the frequency of key radiologic features of subclinical PTB on chest radiograph (CXR) versus computed tomographic scan (CT), and to interpret the clinical and public health relevance of the differences. Diagnostic CXRs and CT scans of the thorax and neck in a 16-year cohort of subclinical PTB patients in Canada were re-acquired and read by two independent readers and arbitrated by a third reader. Logistic regression models were fit to determine how likely CXR features can be detected by CT scan versus CXR after adjustment for age and sex. Among 296 subclinical patients, CXRs were available in 286 (96.6%) and CT scans in 94 (32.9%). CXR features in patients with and without CT scans were comparable. Lung cavitation was 4.77 times (95% CI 1.95–11.66), endobronchial spread 19.36 times (95% CI 8.05–46.52), and moderate/far-advanced parenchymal disease 3.23 times (95% CI 1.66–6.30), more common on CT scan than CXR. We conclude that the extent to which CXRs under-detect key radiologic features in subclinical PTB is substantial. This may have public health and treatment implications.
Electrodermal Activity of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter During a Child-Friendly Stroop Paradigm
Authors: Salvo Heather D. , Arnold Hayley S. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to assess whether emotional reactivity, indexed by a distinct physiological measure of sympathetic activation, differs between preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) and preschool-age children who do not stutter (CWNS) during a child-friendly Stroop task (i.e., day–night task). Additionally, researchers aimed to assess whether the Stroop task, compared to a control task, was a significant physiological stressor.

Method:
Fifteen preschool-age CWS and 22 preschool-age CWNS were asked to perform a day–night Stroop task in order to elicit psychophysiological reactivity, indexed by electrodermal response (EDR) occurrence frequency and EDR amplitude. Physiological measurements were recorded during pretask baselines, performance of the day–night Stroop task, and performance of a speech-language control task.

Results:

Findings based on EDR measures did not support the hypothesis that the child-friendly day–night Stroop task is an effective stressor as compared to a control task based on measures of physiological arousal in preschool-age children. The CWS and CWNS did not significantly differ in their EDR measures relative to the control task or Stroop task (
p
> .05). However, CWS, compared to CWNS, exhibited significantly greater EDR amplitudes during the control task baseline (
p
< .05) and the Stroop task baseline (
p
< .05).

Conclusion:
Overall, these findings may suggest that a predisposition to heightened levels of sympathetic activity prior to tasks in preschool-age CWS is important to consider with regard to the nature of developmental stuttering.
Quadrilateral broadband lens antenna to radiate simultaneous or independent four beams
Authors: Ramezani Dana , Taskhiri Mohammad Mahdi , Hadian Ebrahim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a quadrilateral broadband inhomogeneous lens is designed and realized to be used for simultaneous beams and independent multi beams applications, separately. The lens structure is realized and fabricated on a multilayer Plexiglass sheet. The results of simulations and experiments indicate good performances of the designed lens in the wide frequency bandwidth.
Adaptive detection for resolvable multipath signal under heterogeneous clutter
Authors: Cao Chun , Fan Chongyi , Du Huagui , Wang Jian , Huang Xiaotao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the urban environment, the radar is easily affected by multipath (MP) returns. The problem of detecting point‐like targets in the urban environment with the existence of resolvable MP returns under the background of heterogeneous clutter is addressed. Two adaptive detectors have been devised with a combination of prior information on the environment and echoes of target. The detectors can use the MP echoes in all MP prediction range cells for detection or in some available paths for signal detection by the available path selection algorithm that eliminates the weak signal propagation paths. Remarkably, the proposed decision schemes exhibit the desirable constant false alarm rate property with respect to the unknown parameters of the heterogeneous interference. The performance assessment, conducted on simulated data in terms of detection probability also in comparison with conventional solutions, highlights the effectiveness of the MP exploitation, while the MP signal is strong and shows the detection performance enhancement potential.
Adaptive intra‐pulse interference waveform generation technique based on Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network with global priority information of radar signal
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Shang Xi , Guan Lisong , Li Jinxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo adapt to the complex and changeable electromagnetic environment of radar detection, improve the jamming effect on frequency‐agile radar and low probability of intercept radar, and solve the problem of poor jamming effect caused by intra‐pulse jamming lagging behind target radar signal, a Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network jamming waveform generation method, based on prior global information of radar signal, is presented in this study. This proposed method uses two networks to generate the overall interference waveforms. One Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network derives prior global radar information from local prior radar information, which is used by the other Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network to generate interference. In the whole scheme, an algorithm to design the intra‐pulse interference waveform based on the prior global information of the radar signal is proposed. The algorithm can generate the interference waveform samples from the number and area of multiple false targets and the relative peak between multiple false targets and the real target area by the relevant parameters. Then, an evaluation system (Matched filter, Constant False Alarm Rate Detector, and Distance resolution etc.) is established to evaluate the global effect of the designed interference waveforms. Finally, the time‐domain Root Mean Squared Errors is used as the loss function to optimise the training of the network and ultimately achieve the requirement of generating intra‐pulse adaptive interference waveforms based on radar signal fragments. The principle of generating interference waveforms is based on various aspects of the evaluation of the interference effect, which enhances the time domain correlation between multiple false target areas, thereby boosting the interference effect on the radar. The experimental results show that the proposed method based on the Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network can effectively solve the problem of intra‐pulse interference lag and small effective interference area after the pulse pressure of the interference waveform matching filter. This study offers certain reference significance for the adaptive interference waveform design based on radar prior global information.
Concurrent infall of satellites
Authors: Trelles A. , Valenzuela O. , Roca-Fábrega S. , Velázquez H. 
Published: October 2022

Context. In recent years, high-quality observational data have allowed researchers to undertake an extensive analysis of the orbit of several Milky Way satellite galaxies, with the aim to constrain its accretion history. Although various research groups have studied the orbital decay of a satellite galaxy embedded inside a dark matter halo, a large variety of new physical processes have been proven to play an important role in this process, but its full scope not yet understood.
Aims. Our goal is to assess whether the orbital history of a satellite galaxy remains unchanged during a concurrent sinking. For this purpose, we analyzed the impact that the internal structure of the satellites and their spatial distribution inside the host halo may have on the concurrent sinking process due to both mass loss and the combined effect of self-friction – as processes that have not been studied before for the concurrent sinking of satellites.
Methods. We set up a set of N-body simulations that includes multiple satellites that are sinking simultaneously into a host halo and we compared them with models that include a single satellite.
Results. The main result of our work is that the satellite’s accretion history differs from the classical isolated view when we consider the collective effects. Furthermore, the accretion history of each satellite strongly depends on the initial configuration, the number of satellites present in the halo at the time of infall, and the internal properties of each satellite. We observe that compact satellites in a flat configuration fall slower than extended satellites that have lost mass, showing a non-reported behavior of dynamical self-friction; the latter is reinforced by analytical expressions that describe the orbital decay through different approaches for the dynamical friction, including (or not) the mass loss and radial dependence of the satellite. In particular, we find that such effects are maximized when satellites are located in a flat configuration. Here, we show that in a flat configuration similar to the observed vast polar structure, deviations in the apocenters can be of about 30% with respect to the isolated case, and up to 50% on the eccentricities.
Conclusions. Overall, we conclude that ignoring the collective effects produced by the concurrent sinking of satellite galaxies may lead to large errors in the determination of the merger progenitor properties, making it considerably more challenging to trace back the accretion event. Timing constraints on host density profile may be modified by the effects discussed in this paper.
Resilienz nach der Flucht: Perspektiven von Geflüchteten und
unterstützenden Praxisakteur*innen
Authors: Wulkau Linda , Bramesfeld Anke , Lindert Jutta 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Studienziel Die Studie
beabsichtigt, die Perspektiven auf Resilienz nach der Flucht von
Geflüchteten und von unterstützenden Praxisakteur*innen
zu identifizieren (Ziel 1) und die Perspektiven beider Gruppen zueinander in
Beziehung zu setzen (Ziel 2), um die inhaltliche Tiefe des
Verständnisses von Postfluchtresilienz zu erweitern und Erkenntnisse
über Beziehungen zwischen Praxisakteur*innen und
Geflüchteten bereitzustellen.
Methodik Drei
semistrukturierte, leitfadengestützte Fokusgruppen mit
Geflüchteten (N=9) und Praxisakteur*innen (N=13)
zur Erfassung der Perspektiven beider Gruppen auf Resilienz nach der Flucht
wurden auf Deutsch durchgeführt. Sie wurden iterativ nach
Constructionist Grounded Theory ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Geflüchtete und Praxisakteur*innen berichten
Belastungsfaktoren Unsicherheit und Begrenzung, Adaptionsprozesse
Gemeinschaftlichkeit und Anstrengung sowie die Adaptionsziele Stabilität,
Verbundenheit und positive Emotionalität (Ziel 1). Die Aussagen von
Geflüchteten und unterstützenden Praxisakteur*innen zu
Resilienz nach der Flucht stimmen inhaltlich stark überein und
ergänzen sich gegenseitig. Geflüchtete berichten individualisierter
und spezifischer als Praxisakteur*innen (Ziel 2).
Diskussion Die
Aspekte der Resilienz, die Geflüchtete und unterstützende
Praxisakteur*innen nennen, replizieren Ergebnisse vorhergehender
qualitativer Studien zu Postfluchtresilienz, welche mit Geflüchteten
durchgeführt wurden. Sowohl die Belastung, adäquate
Adaptionsmöglichkeiten vor Ort z.T. nicht zu kennen, als auch Versuche,
Resilienz-förderliche Bedingungen zu schaffen, könnten
spezifisch für die Resilienz von Geflüchteten sein. Die
inhaltlichen Übereinstimmungen zwischen Geflüchteten und
Praxisakteur*innen könnten durch Erfahrungen der
Praxisakteur*innen im Rahmen von Unterstützungsprozessen oder
durch ähnliche Lebenserfahrungen der Praxisakteur*innen bedingt
sein. Die weniger individualisierte Herangehensweise an Postfluchtresilienz der
Praxisakteur*innen könnte durch ein höheres
Abstraktionsniveau, Rollenerwartungen oder Umgang mit emotionaler Belastung
verursacht sein.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten
darauf hin, dass die Resilienz Geflüchteter durch universelle und
populationsspezifische Aspekte charakterisiert ist. Dass
Praxisakteur*innen, die Geflüchtete unterstützen und
Geflüchtete inhaltlich bezüglich der Resilienz nach der Flucht
übereinstimmen, validiert die Ergebnisse bisheriger qualitativer Studien
zu Resilienz nach der Flucht. Die Studie ermittelte darüber hinaus
unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen von Geflüchteten und
Praxisakteur*innen an Postfluchtresilienz, deren Verursachung weiterer
Forschung bedarf.
Fallbericht über die Erstdiagnose einer HIV-Erkrankung eines jungen Seemanns durch 2 AIDS-definierende Erkrankungen mit letalem Intensivverlauf
Authors: Herpertz Gerrit , Haerting Matthias , Radke Oliver 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Wir sahen einen zuvor gesunden 30-jährigen südostasiatischen Seemann mit progredientem Husten und Fieber.
Untersuchungen Wir fanden eine atypische Pneumonie bei positivem HIV-Test. Im Verlauf erfolgten eine Bronchiallavage und weitere Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik etwaiger opportunistischer Infektionen. Das Labor zeigte eine Viruslast von 3340 000 Kopien/ml und eine CD4-Zellzahl von 36/µl.
Diagnose HIV-„Late Presenter“ im CDC-Stadium C3 mit Pneumocystis jirovecii und CMV-Pneumonie.
Therapie Wir therapierten mit Meropenem, Moxifloxacin, Cotrimoxazol, Ganciclovir und Genvoya.
Verlauf Es kam zu einer fulminanten kardiopulmonalen Verschlechterung, sodass die maschinelle Beatmung notwendig wurde. Letztendlich verstarb der Patient 12 Tage nach Aufnahme, trotz Intensivtherapie mit Dialyse und kinetischer Lagerungstherapie, am Multiorganversagen.
Folgerung Dieser Fall zeigt die Schwierigkeiten der Pharmakotherapie und der Medikamenten-Interaktionen bei der Behandlung eines HIV-Late Presenter mit Multiorganversagen. Die Beratung durch die Krankenhausapotheke und das Antibiotic Stewardship Team war wesentlich für die Behandlung des Patienten. Letztendlich sollten solche Patienten in spezialisierten Zentren behandelt werden.