bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum chaos, scrambling and operator growth in $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformed SYK models
Authors: He Song , Lau Pak Hang Chris , Xian Zhuo-Yu , Zhao Long 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the quantum chaos in various $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed SYK models with finite N, including the SYK4, the supersymmetric SYK4, and the SYK2 models. We numerically study the evolution of the spectral form factor (SFF), the out-of-time ordered correlator (OTOC), and the Krylov complexity. We find that the characteristic evolution of the SFF, OTOC and K-complexity of both the SYK4 and SSYK4 models remains unchanged under the deformation, which implies that the properties of quantum chaos is preserved. We also identify a many-body localization behavior in the deformed SYK2 model.
A possible subthreshold pole in S11 channel from πN Roy-Steiner equation analyses
Authors: Cao Xiong-Hui , Li Qu-Zhi , Zheng Han-Qing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The hyperbolic version of Roy-Steiner equation describing low energy πN scatterings, with larger analyticity domain in the complex s plane is solved. The numerical results on phase shifts of low partial waves are in agreement with that of Hoferichter et al. [Phys. Rept.625 (2016) 1]. A subthreshold pole in S11 channel is found located at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= (918 ± 3) − i(163 ± 9) MeV.
Autoimmunenzephalitis – ein Update
Authors: Heine Josephine , Duchow Ankelien , Rust Rebekka , Paul Friedemann , Prüß Harald , Finke Carsten 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis von Autoantikörpern gegen Nerven- oder Gliazellen ermöglicht heute bei zahlreichen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Symptomkomplexen die frühe und spezifische Diagnose einer Autoimmunenzephalitis. Damit hat sich auch die Herangehensweise an die immuntherapeutische Behandlung dieser Krankheitsgruppe fundamental verändert, ebenso wie das Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Pathophysiologie und der auslösenden Faktoren. Die noch immer wachsende Zahl neuer Autoantikörper erfordert ein regelmäßiges Update über den Stand der Antikörperdiagnostik, die Häufigkeit assoziierter Tumoren sowie das antikörperspezifische Spektrum klinischer Symptome, die von Wesensänderungen und kognitiven Störungen über epileptische Anfälle und Bewegungsstörungen bis hin zu vegetativen und Bewusstseinsstörungen führen. Der Beitrag fasst die aktuellen Neuerungen zusammen, die sich im klinischen Spektrum von Enzephalitiden, in der bildgebenden und Liquordiagnostik, in der Prognoseabschätzung, in der Etablierung innovativer Immuntherapien, in der Anwendung diagnostischer Pfade bereits vor dem Eintreffen des Antikörperbefundes und im Verständnis der Krankheitsentstehung ergeben.
Interaction between different mixing aerosol direct effects and East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Zhuang Bingliang , Gao Yiman , Hu Yaxin , Chen Huimin , Wang Tijian , Li Shu , Li Mengmeng , Xie Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAerosol mixtures, which are still unclear in current knowledge, may cause large uncertainties in aerosol climate effect assessments. To better understand this research gap, a well-developed online coupled regional climate-chemistry model is employed here to investigate the influences of different aerosol mixing states on the direct interactions between aerosols and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The results show that anthropogenic aerosols have high-level loadings with heterogeneous spatial distributions in East Asia. Black carbon aerosol loading accounts for more than 13% of the totals in this region in summer. Thus, different aerosol mixing states cause very different aerosol single scattering albedos, with a variation of 0.27 in East Asia in summer. Consequently, the sign of the aerosol instantaneous direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere is changed, varying from − 0.95 to + 1.50 W/m2 with increasing internal mixing aerosols. The influence of aerosol mixtures on regional climate responses seems to be weaker. The EASM circulation can be enhanced due to the warming effect of anthropogenic aerosols in the lower atmosphere, which further induces considerable aerosol accumulation associated with dynamic field anomaly, decrease in rainfall and so on, despite aerosol mixtures. However, this interaction between aerosols and the EASM will become more obvious if the aerosols are more mixed internally. Additionally, the differences in aerosol-induced EASM anomalies during the strongest and weakest monsoon index years are highly determined by the aerosol mixing states. The results here may further help us better address the environmental and climate change issues in East Asia.
PENS approach for breaking bad news in the oncology outpatient setting: a real-world report
Authors: Mailankody Sharada , Sherigar Prathika , Pai Ananth , Shenoy Ramnath , Udupa Karthik , Lewis Shirley , Rao Seema R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Breaking bad news (BBN) is a vital part of oncology practice. We conducted this study to assess an abbreviated PENS protocol [Patient preference, Explanation, Next appointment, and Support] for BBN in oncology outpatient (OP) settings.

Methods
This observational study was conducted in a university teaching hospital, including cancer patients who were unaware of their condition and willing to discuss their disease status. The duration of BBN was the primary outcome. After the BBN session, patients filled a validated questionnaire; response scores of ≤ 13 were classified as content with BBN.

Results
Fifty patients (mean age 53.7 years, range 28–76) were included in the study. The average duration of BBN was 6.1 (range 2–11) min. Assessed by the response score sum, 43 (86%) patients were satisfied with BBN. Only three (6%) of the discontented patients felt that the BBN duration was too short. Most (94%) of patients reported that they understood the information imparted during the BBN session. After the session, 36 (72%) patients admitted to either feeling the same or reassured compared to before the session. The oncologists also were comfortable with PENS.

Conclusions
The PENS approach is a practical method for BBN, especially when the oncologists have higher OP workloads. More extensive trials are required to validate the protocol in other settings.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2021/07/034707).
Perceived stress, coping strategies, and mental health status among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland: a longitudinal study
Authors: Foster Simon , Estévez-Lamorte Natalia , Walitza Susanne , Dzemaili Shota , Mohler-Kuo Meichun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal, prospective study investigated associations between perceived COVID-19-related stress, coping strategies, and mental health status among adolescents during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic and one year after the lockdown in Switzerland within a large, national sample. A self-report on-line survey was completed by 553 adolescents (age-range 12–18 years in 2021) in the summers of 2020 and 2021, assessing symptoms of various mental health problems, perceived COVID-19-related stressors, and coping strategies. Overall, participants reported less COVID-19 related stress one year after the lockdown, though mental health status remained stable. ‘Challenges at home or with others’ were significantly associated with mental health problems in both genders, whereas ‘trouble getting medical care or mental health services ‘was associated with mental health problems in girls. Perceived stress and pre-existing psychiatric problem were significantly linked to all mental health outcomes at both time points. Parents’ poor relationships with partners during the lockdown was associated with increased anxiety symptoms in their children. Using cognitive restructuring to cope with stress was associated with less, while negative coping was associated with more anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms one year post lockdown. Girls appear to have been more affected by the pandemic than boys, with youths with pre-existing psychiatric problems especially vulnerable to its detrimental effects. Healthcare and school professionals should support to identify high-risk adolescents with negative and avoidant coping strategies and train youths to use positive coping strategies.
C-sections and hospital characteristics: a long term analysis on low-risk deliveries
Authors: Joaquim Inês , Pereira Luís Nobre , Nunes Carla , Mateus Céu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Policymakers aim to reduce C-section (CS) rates, due to well documented overtreatment. However, little is known about how hospital characteristics relate to their c-section rates on low-risk deliveries (CSR-LRD).

Methods
CSR-LRD were computed using inpatient data from all Portuguese National Health Service hospitals (2002-2011). Linear and Fractional Response Models were estimated to quantify the relationship between CSR-LRD and a set of hospital characteristics: hospital size, type (exclusively obstetrics or not), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) availability, obstetrician-to-obstetric bed ratio, and teaching status.

Results
CSR-LRD increased from 11.7% (2002) to 14.1% (2008), declining to 12.5% in 2011. While larger hospitals and hospitals with NICU had higher CSR-LRD rates, teaching status and obstetrician-to-obstetric bed ratio had no significant effect. Adjusted estimates, controlling for those four characteristics, indicate 91% of the variation in the CSR-LRD is left unexplained.

Conclusion
Hospital characteristics do not explain variation in CSR-LRD rates. Further studies considering medical practice, financial incentives to hospitals and/or physicians, and patient education are needed.
Seasonal Patterns of Greenland Ice Velocity From Sentinel‐1 SAR Data Linked to Runoff
Authors: Solgaard A. M. , Rapp D. , Noël B. P. Y. , Hvidberg C. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurate projections of the mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) require a complete understanding of the ice‐dynamic response to climate forcings on seasonal and interannual timescales and would greatly benefit from more observational evidence. Here, we analyze a 5‐year, high‐resolution data set of ice velocities of the GrIS using K‐means, an unsupervised clustering algorithm, to identify ice‐sheet wide characteristic seasonal flow patterns. We include all areas flowing >0.3 m/d and obtain an ice‐sheet wide overview of the seasonality and the interannual variability. It shows both a spatial and interannual variability in seasonal flow patterns, both along individual glaciers and between glaciers. We compare with runoff from a regional climate model and infer that the ice‐sheet wide patterns are linked to the availability of water penetrating to the base of the ice.
Sulfur Ion Implantations Into Condensed CO2: Implications for Europa
Authors: Mifsud D. V. , Kaňuchová Z. , Herczku P. , Juhász Z. , Kovács S. T. S. , Lakatos G. , Rahul K. K. , Rácz R. , Sulik B. , Biri S. , Rajta I. , Vajda I. , Ioppolo S. , McCullough R. W. , Mason N. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ubiquity of sulfur ions within the Jovian magnetosphere has led to suggestions that the implantation of these ions into the surface of Europa may lead to the formation of SO2. However, previous studies on the implantation of sulfur ions into H2O ice (the dominant species on the Europan surface) have failed to detect SO2 formation. Other studies concerned with similar implantations into CO2 ice, which is also known to exist on Europa, have offered seemingly conflicting results. In this letter, we describe the results of a study on the implantation of 290 keV S+ ions into condensed CO2 at 20 and 70 K. Our results demonstrate that SO2 is observed after implantation at 20 K, but not at the Europa‐relevant temperature of 70 K. We conclude that this process is likely not a reasonable mechanism for SO2 formation on Europa, and that other mechanisms should be explored instead.
Inter‐Model Differences in Future Summer Onset Over the Northern High Latitudes
Authors: Park Bo‐Joung , Min Seung‐Ki , Ryu Young‐Hee 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate models consistently project a significant advance of summer onset over the Northern high latitude lands in the late 21st century. However, large inter‐model differences exist, in particular, over Northwest Russia, Bering Sea region and Northeastern Canada. This study quantifies the influences of background global warming rate and regional snow‐albedo feedback on the inter‐model spreads in summer onset projections. Linear regression analysis reveals that models' transient climate response (TCR) values explain around 39%–50% of regional inter‐model variances, indicating the dominant contribution of models' global warming rate. When removing TCR influences, the summer onset and snow cover exhibit significant inter‐model correlations over Bering Sea region and Northeastern Canada, explaining 25%–30% of the inter‐model variances. These results suggest that global climate sensitivity as well as regional snow‐albedo feedback need to be considered for reliable projection of future summer season timing at regional scales.
MMS Observations of Storm‐Time Magnetopause Boundary Layers in the Vicinity of the Southern Cusp
Authors: Burkholder Brandon L. , Chen Li‐Jen , Fuselier Stephen , Gershman Daniel , Schiff Conrad , Shuster Jason , Zou Ying , Walsh Brian M. , Reiff Patricia , Petrinec Steve , Sciola Anthony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring a storm‐time interval around winter solstice, observations by the Magnetospheric Multi‐Scale (MMS) Mission show multiple distinct magnetopause boundary layers (BLs) in the vicinity of the southern cusp. The microphysics of the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction during storm times are not well understood, because the observations are relatively lacking. This event enables the opportunity to probe the storm‐time magnetopause, and observations support that MMS was near a reconnection site equatorward of the southern cusp, suggesting active reconnection in close proximity to closed magnetic flux regions in the BL. The Grid Agnostic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for Extended Research Applications global MHD simulation shows evidence for transient secondary reconnection sites near the southern cusp, demonstrating mechanisms to form closed field line regions of the BL.
Antibody and T cell responses against wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 after third-dose BNT162b2 in adolescents
Authors: Mu Xiaofeng , Cohen Carolyn A. , Leung Daniel , Rosa Duque Jaime S. , Cheng Samuel M. S. , Chung Yuet , Wong Howard H. W. , Lee Amos M. T. , Li Wing Yan , Tam Issan Y. S. , Lam Jennifer H. Y. , Lee Derek H. L. , Chan Sau Man , Tsang Leo C. H. , Chan Karl C. K. , Li John K. C. , Luk Leo L. H. , Chaothai Sara , Kwan Kelvin K. H. , Chu Nym Coco , Mori Masashi , Jeevan Trushar , Kandeil Ahmed , Webby Richard J. , Tu Wenwei , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Peiris Malik , Lau Yu Lung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe high effectiveness of the third dose of BNT162b2 in healthy adolescents against Omicron BA.1 has been reported in some studies, but immune responses conferring this protection are not yet elucidated. In this analysis, our study (NCT04800133) aims to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses against wild-type and Omicron (BA.1, BA.2 and/or BA.5) SARS-CoV-2 before and after a third dose of BNT162b2 in healthy adolescents. At 5 months after 2 doses, S IgG, S IgG Fc receptor-binding, and neutralising antibody responses waned significantly, yet neutralising antibodies remained detectable in all tested adolescents and S IgG avidity increased from 1 month after 2 doses. The antibody responses and S-specific IFN-γ+ and IL-2+ CD8+ T cell responses were significantly boosted in healthy adolescents after a homologous third dose of BNT162b2. Compared to adults, humoral responses for the third dose were non-inferior or superior in adolescents. The S-specific IFN-γ+ and IL-2+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in adolescents and adults were comparable or non-inferior. Interestingly, after 3 doses, adolescents had preserved S IgG, S IgG avidity, S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding, against Omicron BA.2, as well as preserved cellular responses against BA.1 S and moderate neutralisation levels against BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Sera from 100 and 96% of adolescents tested at 1 and 5 months after two doses could also neutralise BA.1. Our study found high antibody and T cell responses, including potent cross-variant reactivity, after three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents in its current formulation, suggesting that current vaccines can be protective against symptomatic Omicron disease.
Disentangling multiple scattering with deep learning: application to strain mapping from electron diffraction patterns
Authors: Munshi Joydeep , Rakowski Alexander , Savitzky Benjamin H. , Zeltmann Steven E. , Ciston Jim , Henderson Matthew , Cholia Shreyas , Minor Andrew M. , Chan Maria K. Y. , Ophus Colin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA fast, robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological applications. Scanning electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions, but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple scattering. Deep-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals, but require a large number of training examples. We implement a Fourier space, complex-valued deep-neural network, FCU-Net, to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor images. FCU-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures, orientations, thicknesses, and microscope parameters, which are augmented with experimental artifacts. We evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets, where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis methods. Our code, models, and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems.
Logged tropical forests have amplified and diverse ecosystem energetics
Authors: Malhi Yadvinder , Riutta Terhi , Wearn Oliver R. , Deere Nicolas J. , Mitchell Simon L. , Bernard Henry , Majalap Noreen , Nilus Reuben , Davies Zoe G. , Ewers Robert M. , Struebig Matthew J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOld-growth tropical forests are widely recognized as being immensely important for their biodiversity and high biomass1. Conversely, logged tropical forests are usually characterized as degraded ecosystems2. However, whether logging results in a degradation in ecosystem functions is less clear: shifts in the strength and resilience of key ecosystem processes in large suites of species have rarely been assessed in an ecologically integrated and quantitative framework. Here we adopt an ecosystem energetics lens to gain new insight into the impacts of tropical forest disturbance on a key integrative aspect of ecological function: food pathways and community structure of birds and mammals. We focus on a gradient spanning old-growth and logged forests and oil palm plantations in Borneo. In logged forest there is a 2.5-fold increase in total resource consumption by both birds and mammals compared to that in old-growth forests, probably driven by greater resource accessibility and vegetation palatability. Most principal energetic pathways maintain high species diversity and redundancy, implying maintained resilience. Conversion of logged forest into oil palm plantation results in the collapse of most energetic pathways. Far from being degraded ecosystems, even heavily logged forests can be vibrant and diverse ecosystems with enhanced levels of ecological function.
Microglia regulate central nervous system myelin growth and integrity
Authors: McNamara Niamh B. , Munro David A. D. , Bestard-Cuche Nadine , Uyeda Akiko , Bogie Jeroen F. J. , Hoffmann Alana , Holloway Rebecca K. , Molina-Gonzalez Irene , Askew Katharine E. , Mitchell Stephen , Mungall William , Dodds Michael , Dittmayer Carsten , Moss Jonathan , Rose Jamie , Szymkowiak Stefan , Amann Lukas , McColl Barry W. , Prinz Marco , Spires-Jones Tara L. , Stenzel Werner , Horsburgh Karen , Hendriks Jerome J. A. , Pridans Clare , Muramatsu Rieko , Williams Anna , Priller Josef , Miron Veronique E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMyelin is required for the function of neuronal axons in the central nervous system, but the mechanisms that support myelin health are unclear. Although macrophages in the central nervous system have been implicated in myelin health1, it is unknown which macrophage populations are involved and which aspects they influence. Here we show that resident microglia are crucial for the maintenance of myelin health in adulthood in both mice and humans. We demonstrate that microglia are dispensable for developmental myelin ensheathment. However, they are required for subsequent regulation of myelin growth and associated cognitive function, and for preservation of myelin integrity by preventing its degeneration. We show that loss of myelin health due to the absence of microglia is associated with the appearance of a myelinating oligodendrocyte state with altered lipid metabolism. Moreover, this mechanism is regulated through disruption of the TGFβ1–TGFβR1 axis. Our findings highlight microglia as promising therapeutic targets for conditions in which myelin growth and integrity are dysregulated, such as in ageing and neurodegenerative disease2,3.
Population-based sero-epidemiological investigation of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Authors: Mensah Benedicta Ayiedu , Ndong Ignatius Cheng , Quashie Peter Kojo , Guichet Emilande , Abuaku Benjamin , Effah-Baafi Yaw , Tapela Kesego , Asiedu Kwame , Appiedu-Addo Sekyibea Nana Ama , Obbeng Louisa Baaba , Amponsah Jones Amo , Kusi Kwadwo Asamoah , Ofori Michael , Ayouba Ahidjo , Courtin David , Tahar Rachida , Delaporte Eric , Awandare Gordon , Ndam Nicaise Tuikue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic devastated countries worldwide, and resulted in a global shutdown. Not all infections are symptomatic and hence the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community is unknown. The paper presents the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the Greater Accra Metropolis, describing the evolution of seroprevalence through time and by age group. Three repeated independent population-based surveys at 6-week intervals were conducted in from November 2020 to July 2021. The global and by age-groups weighted seroprevalences were estimated and the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity were assessed using logistic regression. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence for both spike and nucleocapsid increased from 13.8% (95% CI 11.9, 16.1) in November 2020 to 39.6% (95% CI 34.8, 44.6) in July 2021. After controlling for gender, marital status, education level, and occupation, the older age group over 40 years had a higher odds of seropositivity than the younger age group (OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.1–8.5]) in the final survey. Pupils or students had 3.3-fold increased odds of seropositivity (OR 3.2 [95% CI 1.1–8.5]) compared to the unemployed. This study reinforces that, SARS-CoV-2 infections have been significantly higher than reported.