bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace additive enhances microwave dielectric performance significantly to facilitate 5G communications
Authors: Huang Zipeng , Li Lingxia , Qiao Jianli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ZnZrNb2O8 + x wt% LiF, MgF2, CuO (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10), and Zn1−xCuxZrNb2O8 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.050) ceramics were synthesized through solid‐state reaction. Compared with pure ZnZrNb2O8 ceramic, the quality factor and microstructure densification of the specimens with the addition of trace additives were significantly improved. When CuO was utilized as a sintering additive, is mostly impacted by relative density, whereas Q f value is primarily influenced by grain size. When CuO was employed as a dopant, is strongly connected to the dielectric polarizability and lattice vibration, Q f value is driven mostly by chemical bond covalency, and value is primarily dictated by variations in Nb–O bond energy and bond valence. Notably, the ceramics demonstrated excellent characteristics ( = 27.404, Q f = 74 213 GHz, = −52.779 ppm/°C, ZnZrNb2O8 + 0.06 wt% CuO; = 27.448, Q f = 72  520 GHz, = −53.143 ppm/°C,Zn0.997Cu0.003ZrNb2O8), and these make them promising for use in fifth generation communications.
Primary healthcare nurses' experiences of addressing intimate partner violence in supportive legal and health system contexts
Authors: Maquibar Amaia , Estalella Itziar , Romero‐Serrano Rocío , Macías‐Seda Juana , Gil‐García Eugenia , Lancharro‐Tavero Inmaculada 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of primary healthcare (PHC) nurses caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in a context of institutional support for the management of this health issue.DesignSecondary qualitative analysis.MethodsA purposeful sample (n = 19) of registered nurses, working in a PHC setting, with experience providing care to women who had disclosed intimate partner violence completed an in‐depth interview. Thematic analysis was used to code, categorize and synthesize the data.ResultsFour themes were developed from the analysis of the interview transcripts. The first two themes address the characteristics of the type of violence most frequently encountered by participants, and how these characteristics shape the needs of women and the care nurses provide them. The third theme encompasses uncertainties and strategies developed to deal with the aggressor during the consultations as the woman's companion or as the patient himself. Finally, the fourth theme reflects the positive and negative consequences of caring for women exposed to intimate partner violence.ConclusionWhen there is a supportive legal framework and health system to address IPV, nurses are able to implement evidence‐based best practices in caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence. The predominant type of violence experienced by women at the time they enter the healthcare system shapes their needs and the service/unit they reach. These varying needs should be considered in the development of training programmes for nurses and should be adapted for different healthcare services. Caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence implies an emotional burden even in an institutional supportive context. Therefore, actions to prevent nurses' burnout should be considered and implemented.ImpactLack of institutional support usually hinders the potential role nurses can play in the care provided to women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Findings from this study demonstrated that primary healthcare nurses are able to implement evidence‐based best practices in the care for women experiencing intimate partner violence when there is a supportive legal framework and the health system context is openly favourable to addressing intimate partner violence. Findings from this study could inform the design and implementation of programmes and/or policies to improve nurses' responses to intimate partner violence in primary healthcare services.
Effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi‐color polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network material
Authors: Ruiz‐López Javier , Espinar Cristina , Lucena Cristina , de la Cruz Cardona Juan , Pulgar Rosa , Pérez María M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi‐color polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network (PICN) material.MethodsSpecimens of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mm thicknesses were obtained by sectioning VITA ENAMIC® multiColor (E‐MC) High Translucent CAD‐CAM blocks (1M1‐HT, 1M2‐HT, 2M2‐HT, 3M2‐HT, and 4M2‐HT). Spectral reflectance and color coordinates were measured on white and black backgrounds using a spectroradiometer, CIE D65 illuminant and CIE 45°/0° geometry. CIEDE2000 color and translucency differences (ΔE00 and ΔTP00) between thicknesses and adjacent layers were evaluated using their respective 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT00 and AT00).ResultsIn general, ΔE00 between thicknesses for all shades and layers were above AT00 in general. Chroma decreased from cervical to incisal layers with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), and ΔE00 between sequential layers were above PT00, for all shades and thicknesses. TP00 decreased from 0.5 to 1.5 mm and increased from cervical to incisal layers for all shades with statically significant translucency differences (p < 0.05). In general, for all thicknesses, TPT00 < ΔTP00 < TAT00 for sequential layers.ConclusionsThe gradient in color and translucency of E‐MC PICN material was influenced by the thickness of the CAD‐CAM block. In addition, color and TP transition values between the layers depends on the thickness and shade.Clinical significanceThe effect of thickness must be taken into account by dental technicians and dentists when CAD‐CAM multicolor PICN materials are used.
Detection of infestation by striped stem‐borer (Chilo suppressalis) in rice based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wan Qiming , Ouyang Aiguo , Liu Yande , Xiong Zhiyi , Li Xiong , Li Lisha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStriped stem‐borer (SSB) larvae are one of the most serious insect pests that damages rice. In this study, the combined hyperspectral imaging and chemometric method are proposed detect the early SSB larvae infestation in rice stems. Firstly, hyperspectral reflectance data (390–1040 nm) of rice stems were collected for normal, 3 days of infection, 6 days of infection, and 9 days of infection, respectively. On the spectra, the average spectra of the region of interest of the rice stalk samples were extracted, and 19 characteristic wavelengths were screened by the successive projection algorithm (SPA). Morphological processing was performed on the pseudo‐color (generally known as RGB) images of rice stalk samples on the images. Then five image texture features based on the gray‐scale co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and nine image color features based on color moments were obtained. The evaluation models of SSB larval infestation based on full spectra, characteristic wavelengths, GLCM, color moments, and data fusion were developed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), respectively. The results show that performance of the PLS‐DA model based on the fusion of characteristic wavelengths and GLCM is best. The accuracy of both the comprehensive modeling set and the prediction set is above 97%. The accuracy of the degree of infestation classification is good for all categories, and only the samples on the third day of infection are slightly less accurate. In conclusion, the hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to effectively detect the infection degree situation of early SSB larval infestation.Practical ApplicationsChemical control using insecticides to manage SSB infestation on rice is still the farmers' first choice. However, in the middle and late stages of rice growth, SSB larvae may moth into the inside of the rice stalk, and the rice provides a shelter for SSB so that the sprayed pesticides cannot reach SSB larvae, which produce a large number of overwintering SSB. This leads to the misuse of chemical pesticides, which causes serious pollution to the environment, pesticide residues also cause serious harm to the human body, and it also makes the pest resistance to pesticides rapidly increase. Therefore, it is necessary to find a rapid and effective detection method to detect the early infestation of SSB larvae on rice to reduce the use of pesticides and improve rice yield.
Protective effects of prior third dose mRNA vaccination in rural nursing home residents during SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks
Authors: Rhynold Elizabeth S. , Quan Samuel , Orr Pamela H. , LaBine Lisa , Singer Alexander , St John Philip D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Canada, mortality due to SARS‐CoV‐2 disproportionately impacted residents of nursing homes (NH). In November 2021, NH residents in the Canadian province of Manitoba became eligible to receive three doses of mRNA vaccine but coverage with three doses has not been universal. The objective of this study was to compare the protection from infection conferred by one, two, and three doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine compared to no vaccination among residents of nursing homes experiencing SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks.MethodsInfection Prevention and Control reports from 8 rural nursing homes experiencing outbreaks of SARS‐CoV‐2 between January 6, 2022, and March 5, 2022, were analyzed. Attack rates and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) were calculated.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 attack rate was 65% among NH residents not vaccinated, 58% among residents who received 1–2 doses of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, and 28% among residents who had received 3 vaccine doses. The NNV to prevent one nursing home resident from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during an outbreak was 3 for a vaccination with 3 doses and 14 for 1–2 doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine. The superiority of receiving the third dose was statistically significant compared to 1–2 doses (Chi‐Squared, p < 0.00001).ConclusionsNursing home residents who received three doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine were at lower risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared to those who received 1–2 doses. Our analyses lend support to the protective effects of the third dose of mRNA vaccine for NH residents in the event of a SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak.
Individual‐level drivers of dietary behaviour in adolescents and women through the reproductive life course in urban Ghana: A Photovoice study
Authors: Liguori Julia , Pradeilles Rebecca , Laar Amos , Zotor Francis , Tandoh Akua , Klomegah Senam , Osei‐Kwasi Hibbah A. , Le Port Agnès , Bricas Nicolas , Aryeetey Richmond , Akparibo Robert , Griffiths Paula , Holdsworth Michelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvidence on the individual‐level drivers of dietary behaviours in deprived urban contexts in Africa is limited. Understanding how to best inform the development and delivery of interventions to promote healthy dietary behaviours is needed. As noncommunicable diseases account for over 40% of deaths in Ghana, the country has reached an advanced stage of nutrition transition. The aim of this study was to identify individual‐level factors (biological, demographic, cognitive, practices) influencing dietary behaviours among adolescent girls and women at different stages of the reproductive life course in urban Ghana with the goal of building evidence to improve targeted interventions. Qualitative Photovoice interviews (n = 64) were conducted in two urban neighbourhoods in Accra and Ho with adolescent girls (13–14 years) and women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Data analysis was both theory‐ and data‐driven to allow for emerging themes. Thirty‐seven factors, across four domains within the individual‐level, were identified as having an influence on dietary behaviours: biological (n = 5), demographic (n = 8), cognitions (n = 13) and practices (n = 11). Several factors emerged as facilitators or barriers to healthy eating, with income/wealth (demographic); nutrition knowledge/preferences/risk perception (cognitions); and cooking skills/eating at home/time constraints (practices) emerging most frequently. Pregnancy/lactating status (biological) influenced dietary behaviours mainly through medical advice, awareness and willingness to eat foods to support foetal/infant growth and development. Many of these factors were intertwined with the wider food environment, especially concerns about the cost of food and food safety, suggesting that interventions need to account for individual‐level as well as wider environmental drivers of dietary behaviours.
Mechanisms of chlorate toxicity and resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Spero Melanie A. , Jones Jeff , Lomenick Brett , Chou Tsui‐Fen , Newman Dianne K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that often encounters hypoxic/anoxic environments within the host, which increases its tolerance to many conventional antibiotics. Toward identifying novel treatments, we explored the therapeutic potential of chlorate, a pro‐drug that kills hypoxic/anoxic, antibiotic‐tolerant P. aeruginosa populations. While chlorate itself is relatively nontoxic, it is enzymatically reduced to the toxic oxidizing agent, chlorite, by hypoxically induced nitrate reductase. To better assess chlorate's therapeutic potential, we investigated mechanisms of chlorate toxicity and resistance in P. aeruginosa. We used transposon mutagenesis to identify genes that alter P. aeruginosa fitness during chlorate treatment, finding that methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr), which repair oxidized methionine residues, support survival during chlorate stress. Chlorate treatment leads to proteome‐wide methionine oxidation, which is exacerbated in a ∆msrA∆msrB strain. In response to chlorate, P. aeruginosa upregulates proteins involved in a wide range of functions, including metabolism, DNA replication/repair, protein repair, transcription, and translation, and these newly synthesized proteins are particularly vulnerable to methionine oxidation. The addition of exogenous methionine partially rescues P. aeruginosa survival during chlorate treatment, suggesting that widespread methionine oxidation contributes to death. Finally, we found that mutations that decrease nitrate reductase activity are a common mechanism of chlorate resistance.
Performance of existing clinical scores and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in critically ill, nonneutropenic, adult patients: A systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Asperges Erika , Cortegiani Andrea , Grecchi Cecilia , Rebuffi Chiara , Zuccaro Valentina , Scudeller Luigia , Bassetti Matteo ,   the FUNDICU investigators
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Fungal Infections Definitions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients (FUNDICU) project aims to provide standard sets of definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill, adult patients.ObjectivesTo summarise the available evidence on the diagnostic performance of clinical scores and laboratory tests for invasive candidiasis (IC) in nonneutropenic, adult critically ill patients.MethodsA systematic review was performed to evaluate studies assessing the diagnostic performance for IC of clinical scores and/or laboratory tests vs. a reference standard or a reference definition in critically ill, nonneutropenic, adult patients in ICU.ResultsClinical scores, despite the heterogeneity of study populations and IC prevalences, constantly showed a high negative predictive value (NPV) and a low positive predictive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of IC in the target population. Fungal antigen‐based biomarkers (with most studies assessing serum beta‐D‐glucan) retained a high NPV similar to that of clinical scores, with a higher PPV, although the latter showed important heterogeneity across studies, possibly reflecting the targeted or untargeted use of these tests in patients with a consistent clinical picture and risk factors for IC.ConclusionsBoth clinical scores and laboratory tests showed high NPV for the diagnosis of IC in nonneutropenic critically ill patients. The PPV of laboratory tests varies significantly according to the baseline patients' risk of IC. This qualitative synthesis will provide the FUNDICU panel with baseline evidence to be considered during the development of definitions of IC in critically ill, nonneutropenic adult patients in ICU.
Coupling near‐surface geomorphology with mangrove community diversity at the estuarine scale: A case study at Dongzhaigang Bay, China
Authors: Chen Guogui , Hong Wei , Gu Xuan , Krauss Ken W. , Zhao Kaiyuan , Fu Haifeng , Chen Luzhen , Wang Mao , Wang Wenqing 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTCoastal wetlands are key features of the Earth's surface and are characterized by a diverse array of coupled geomorphological and biological processes. However, the links between the distribution of biodiversity (for example, species and structural diversity) and the formation of coastal geomorphology are not well‐understood on a landscape scale most useful to coastal zone managers. This study describes the relationship between select geomorphological and biological mangrove community features (i.e. species composition and functional root type) in a landscape‐distributed coastal zone of Dongzhaigang Bay, north‐eastern Hainan Island, China. A total of 11 mangrove species and five functional aerial root types were encountered, with the location of species by root types being controlled by the elevation of the soil surface. Plank roots, prop roots and pneumatophores occupied the lowest intertidal elevations, while knee roots and fibrous roots of the mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum, preferred the highest intertidal elevations. Surface sediment deposition in areas with mangroves was greater than deposition in non‐mangrove forest zones, establishing an important biological mechanism for this large‐area response because surface erosion/compaction was also more prominent within mangrove roots. Indeed, functional root type influenced the magnitude of deposition, erosion and compaction, with knee roots and pneumatophores being more effective in promoting deposition and preventing surface erosion/compaction than prop roots. These results indicate a potential role for vegetation type (especially functional root type) to influence coastal geomorphological processes at large landscape scales. While soil surface elevation is correlated to the distribution of mangrove species and functional root types, a significant feedback exists between elevation change and the capacity of those root types to influence coastal geomorphological differentiation within sustainable intertidal elevations. An enhanced understanding of geomorphological development, mangrove species distribution and functional root type may improve management to support nature‐based solutions that adjust more effectively to sea‐level rise through feedbacks.
A comparison of models for inferring longitudinal reciprocal relationships between constructs: A case example with internalizing and externalizing problems
Authors: Shi Qinxin , Butner Jonathan E. , Kilshaw Robyn , Munion Ascher , Deboeck Pascal , Oh Yoonkyung , Berg Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDevelopmental researchers commonly utilize longitudinal data to decompose reciprocal and dynamic associations between repeatedly measured constructs to better understand the temporal precedence between constructs. Although the cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) is commonly used in developmental research, it has been criticized for its potential to produce biased estimates due to the fact of ignoring the trait‐like, time‐invariant nature of stability in constructs across people and aggregating the between‐ and within‐person effects together as a single estimate. Recently, a growing set of alternatives have emerged, but the estimates across CLPM and alternatives have rarely been compared in developmental research. The primary purpose of this article is to (a) provide a three‐component framework to help developmental researchers to select and specify the most appropriate model, and (b) illustrate how models differ in estimates with an empirical example investigating the reciprocal associations between internalizing and externalizing problems in school‐aged children. Methods: We specified CLPM, Random‐Intercept Cross‐lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM), Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM‐SR), Latent Change Score (LCS), and a Random‐Mean LCS using four waves of data from ECLS‐K: 2011 (N = 8779). Results: The CLPM provided the most evidence of significant cross‐lagged paths but the poorest fit to the data compared to other models. Alternative models had excellent fit and found either only negative temporal precedence from internalizing to externalizing problems or simply no evidence of prospective within‐person relations between internalizing and externalizing problems.
Accounting for what and to whom? Accountability tensions in collaborations addressing long‐term unemployment
Authors: Hansen Magnus Paulsen , Triantafillou Peter , Bellò Benedetta , Boon Jan , Doninck Dries Van , Downe James , Hopkins Cate , Klijn Erik Hans , Sarapuu Külli , Stevens Vidar , Verhoest Koen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcross Europe, public employment services are experimenting with more holistic and cross‐sector collaborations to tackle the wicked problem of long‐term unemployment. These collaborations operate in a context characterised by tensions produced by multiple demands for accountability. Based on case studies of the accountability relations and challenges in five such collaborations in the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Estonia, Scotland and Denmark, we found that: rigorous use of quantifiable measurement regimes made it difficult to attribute salience to important aspects of the progress made by the unemployed citizen; standardised accounts come with the risk of reductionist understandings of the citizen's social circumstances and resources; superficial participation by local politicians resulted in rather weak political accountability and a marked ambiguity of the role of the client as both accountee and accountholder.