bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated risk factors for anaemia amongst pregnant women attending three antenatal clinics in Eswatini
Authors: Dodzo Rumbidzai C. , Ogunsakin Ropo E. , Ginindza Themba G. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Anaemia is a global health problem affecting about a third of the world’s population. In pregnancy, it is a public health concern with consequences for mothers and infants, including maternal death and infant mortality. In low-income countries (LICs), 25% indirect maternal mortality and 30% neonatal deaths are due to anaemia in pregnancy.Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risks associated with anaemia amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in three health facilities in Eswatini.Setting: This study was conducted in three health facilities in Eswatini, namely Mankayane, Raleigh Fitkin Memorial (RFM) and Mbabane Hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional study used non-probability sampling in three hospitals of Eswatini, to select 550 pregnant women, aged 15–49 years. Data were collected from January to March 2021, using face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 550 pregnant women were included in the study. Anaemia prevalence amongst pregnant women was 43.1% with mild, moderate and severe cases of 21.3%; 21.1% and 0.7%, respectively. Prevalence was high amongst women aged 15–19 years (53.3%). Factors associated with anaemia included living in urban areas (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.72), having anaemia 6 months before pregnancy (OR: 4.64; CI: 1.15–18.71), and gestational age at first ANC: third trimester (OR = 10.42; CI: 4.27–25.4) and second trimester (OR: 1.62; CI: 1.02–2.60).Conclusion: Anaemia remains prevalent amongst pregnant women in Eswatini. A comprehensive anaemia prevention programme would be justified and could lower the country’s burden of anaemia.
Comparing Bridging Thrombolysis with Direct Thrombectomy in Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusion- Indian Experience (LVO-Direct)
Authors: Prajapati Chintan , Huded Vikram , Mahajan Niranjan , Kulkarni Anirudh , Manual Delitia 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Intravenous thrombolysis alone has poor recanalization rates in large vessel occlusion strokes. Bridging thrombolysis has evolved as a standard treatment approach in emergent large vessel occlusions. Patients who undergo thrombectomy have a higher probability of favorable outcomes irrespective of the use of prior intravenous thrombolysis. Our aim was to compare bridging thrombolysis with direct thrombectomy in ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.

Methods:
We included patients from our stroke registry, with large vessel occlusion strokes, presenting <4.5 hr from onset. Bridging thrombolysis was the standard approach. Direct thrombectomy was done in patients with contraindications to intravenous thrombolysis. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin scale at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were National Institute of Health Stroke Scale at 24 hr post-procedure, door to puncture time, puncture to recanalization time, the extent of recanalization, and the number of passes required. Safety outcomes were any occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage or other complications related to procedure or death. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the factors affecting the outcome.

Results:
Total 76 patients were included, 29 underwent bridging thrombolysis and 47 underwent direct thrombectomy. A favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) was achieved in 19 (65.5%) patients in the bridging group and 25 (58.1%) patients in the direct group (P = 0.4, Chi-square test). There was no significant difference in any of the secondary outcomes as well. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 (2.6%) patients and a total of 10 (13.9%) were dead at 3-month follow-up, comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:
Direct thrombectomy has comparable outcomes to bridging thrombolysis in emergent large vessel occlusions.
Utility of TSH Receptor Antibodies in the Differential Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism in Clinical Practice
Authors: John Mathew , Jagesh Rejitha , Unnikrishnan Hima , Jalaja Manju Manoharan Nair , Oommen Tittu , Gopinath Deepa 
Published: April 2022

Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas. It is important to distinguish GD from other causes of hyperthyroidism for optimal management. Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) test is a commonly used test for this purpose. However, the sensitivity for this test in routine clinical practice may be affected by various factors leading to fallacies in diagnosis.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was performed to assess the utility of an automated electrochemiluminescence TRAb immunoassay (Roche) in differentiating GD from non-Graves’ disease (NGD) in routine clinical practice.Results:In 227 subjects, 146 had GD and 81 had NGD. Total T3, Total T4, Free T4, and TRAb were significantly higher in people with GD in comparison to NGD. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for the assay was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.926 to 0.984, P < 0.0001). The optimal threshold for the test derived from the ROC was 3.37 IU/L, which is more than the cut-off of 1.75 IU/L suggested by the manufacturer. The sensitivity/specificity of TRAb in the diagnosis of GD at presentation was 98.4%/62.9% at 1.75 IU/L and 91.2%/90.12% at 3.37 IU/L, respectively.Conclusion:The TRAb test is a sensitive test to differentiate between subjects with GD and NGD presenting with hyperthyroidism. However, the cutoff (1.75 IU/L) as per the kit manufacturer may lead to a lower specificity for diagnosis. A modified cut-off of 3.37 IU/L should be considered for optimizing the diagnostic efficacy of the test.
Newer Techniques for the Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Elbow Structures
Authors: Sharma Kanchan , Das Gautam , Roy Chinmoy , Dutta Debjyoti , Chandran Shalina , Naz Syeda Shaista , Hota Smruti Rekha , Basavarajaiah Sarvesh 
Published: April 2022

Context:
Ultrasound is an excellent modality for the evaluation of the soft tissue structures as well as articular pathologies of the elbow joint. Higher resolution transducers along with the superficial location of the elbow structures make them amenable for easy visualisation However, the long learning curve and the operator dependency can limit its use.

Aims:
The aim of this article is to describe and demonstrate novel techniques to image distal biceps tendon, lateral ulnar collateral ligament and radial nerve at elbow joint with ease.

Design:
Technical advancement.

Methods:
The elbow joint ultrasound examination was performed on ten asymptomatic volunteers, 20–40 years old, using a linear probe of 3–13 MHz frequency. The scanning was started from the anterior elbow, the distal biceps tendon was visualised first with anterior to the medial approach followed by the lateral ulnar collateral ligament with one finger technique and radial nerve with first bone technique respectively.

Conclusion:
We consider our techniques as an easy approach to identify the distal biceps tendon, lateral ulnar collateral ligament and radial nerve.
The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is a novel prognostic factor for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Vlatka Periša , Marko Lucijanić , Stefan Mrđenović , Dorian Laslo 
Published: April 2022

Context:
The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is a prognostic marker in several types of malignant tumors. The prognostic value of HALP score in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unknown.

Aim:
We aimed to determine the prognostic value of baseline HALP score in DLBCL patients.

Subjects and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data from 153 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like regimens at our university hospital center. We evaluated the significance of HALP score as a predictor of response to treatment, overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS).

Results:
The median follow-up time for all patients was 40 months. Lower HALP score was found in patients with advanced stages of disease (P = 0.005) and in those with poor response to therapy (P = 0.004). Patients with a HALP score ≤20.8 had significantly worse 5-year OS (47.3% vs. 79.5%, P < 0.001) and 5-year EFS (40.6% vs. 76.7%, P < 0.001). These observations remained statistically significant in the multivariate Cox regression models independently of International Prognostic Index (IPI) and age.

Conclusion:
Lower HALP is associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics of DLBCL and seems to be an IPI independent negative prognostic factor. HALP score can be easily and inexpensively applied to timely recognize DLBCL patients under higher risk of unwanted outcomes in everyday clinical practice.
Role of indole curcumin in the epigenetic activation of apoptosis and cell cycle regulating genes
Authors: Chandramohan Sathyapriya , Chatterjee Oishi , Pajaniradje Sankar , Subramanian Srividya , Bhat Suhail Ahmad , Rajagopalan Rukkumani 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with the epigenetic silencing of various genes such as DAPK, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), BRCA1, p16INK4a, pVHL, p16, and RASSF1A. The most common epigenetic change observed in these genes is DNA methylation that directs the studies toward finding inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the protagonist in the action. The present study focuses on analyzing the possibility whether indole curcumin can reverse epigenetic changes of the various tumor suppressor genes, characteristically silenced by methylation, by inhibiting the major methylation enzyme DNA methyltransferase 1 or DNMT1.

Materials and Methods:
The cytotoxic effects of indole curcumin were studied through the MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. To determine the apoptosis-mediated death of HEp-2 cells, fluorescence imaging using different stains was done. Gene or mRNA expression analysis was done for p53, ATM, and DAPKstatus of gene promoter sequence genes.

Results:
The results obtained from this study clearly indicate that the indole analog of curcumin plays a remarkable role in activating genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction through epigenetic regulation. The influence that the drug has on the methylation status of gene promoter sequence of the ATM gene is also very significant.

Conclusion:
Indole curcumin, being an analog of curcumin, promises to be a very useful drug molecule having various potential targets. The target selected for this study was DNMT1 enzyme and the drug seems to actually show the effects; it was predicted to be having on the target molecule.
Effective proliferation control of MCF7 breast cancer using microsecond duration electrical pulse
Authors: Kumar Gyanendra , Sarathi R. , Sharma Archana 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Electro-permeablization using a pulse generator is a novel non-invasive approach for cancer therapy. It serves as a cell permeability enhancing agent for cancer treatment.

Objective:
In this article in vitro investigation of the effect of 1.0 kV/cm, 1.5 kV/cm and 2.0 kV/cm, 50 µs duration pulsed electric field on MCF-7 cell line has been done. Furthermore, combinational therapy of curcumin and electrical pulses has been also investigated.

Material and Method:
A variable voltage (100 V-1200 V, 100 V step) and 50 µs duration pulse generator has been designed, which is further used for the investigation of electroporation and destructive electrical field intensity. Investigation of the effect of electrical pulses on cancer cells has been performed using Trypan Blue Exclusion Test, MTT Assay and Clonogenic Assay.

Results:
It has been observed that electrical field intensity of 2 kV/cm, 50 µsec duration, 10 pulses at repetition rate of 1 pulse per second corresponding to total energy of 4 J is more than enough for causing necrotic cell death due to permanent damage of cell membrane of the cancer cell. Also, it has been observed that electrical pulse application enhances curcumin uptake by cells.

Conclusion:
Electrical pulses can effectively inhibit the cancer cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, observation shows that electroporation enhances the curcumin uptake, therefore, it can be used for therapeutic purposes.
Potentiated action on the progression of OSMF by hypoxia mediated signaling pathway by the epithelial mesenchymal transition and angiogenic apparatus
Authors: Gupta Sanjana , Shetty Devi Charan , Gulati Nikita , Juneja Saurabh , Jain Anshi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process, in which epithelial cells acquire the characteristics of invasive mesenchymal cells. EMT has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis as well as the formation of many tissues and organs during development.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of hypoxia-mediated signaling pathways influencing EMT and angiogenesis in progression of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Materials and Methods:
Evaluation of the immunoexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, vimentin, and factor VIII receptor antigen in OSMF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arising from OSMF was done. Differences between the different variables were analyzed using ANOVA test and Pearson’s Chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney test was also calculated.

Results:
The mean α-SMA positive myofibroblasts increased from Group 1 (OSMF) to Group 2 (OSCC), especially those in the deeper connective tissue stroma. The mean labeling index of vimentin and mean vessel density immunoexpression was more in Group 2 (OSCC) as compared to Group 1 (OSMF). Mean α-SMA correlated negatively with E-cadherin expression and positively with vimentin and factor VIII immunoexpression. E-cadherin expression correlated negatively with factor VIII and positively with Vimentin expression.

Conclusions:
The molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of OSCC in patients with OSMF require unification of multiple progressive pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease.
Dosimetric impact of different multileaf collimators on cardiac and left anterior descending coronary artery dose reduction
Authors: Mahani Leili , Kazemzadeh Arezoo , Saeb Mohsen , Kianinia Mahsa , Akhavan Ali 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Radiotherapy (RT) may increase the dose of heart structure like left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the impact of various multileaf collimators (MLCs) in shielding organ at risks (OARs), especially LAD, of patients with left breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five patients with left breast cancer were selected. The treatment plans were created applying three techniques for all patients. In the first plan (uncovered LAD), the treatment plan was made without considering LAD as OARs. In the two other plans, two MLCs with different leaf widths (6.8 mm and 5 mm) were used to shield the LAD. For all plans, MLC was shielded as much of OAR as possible without compromising planning target volume (PTV) coverage. Dosimetric parameters of the heart, LAD, and ipsilateral lung were assessed.

Results:
Compared to other plans, the covered LAD plan 1(CL1) obtained lower lung, cardiac, and LAD doses with the same PTV coverage. On average, the mean heart dose decreased from 6.2 Gy to 5.4 Gy by CL1, and the average mean dose to the LAD was reduced from 36.4 Gy to 33.7 Gy, which was statistically significant. The average lung volume receiving >20 Gy was significantly reduced from 24.6% to 23.4%. Moreover, the results show that covered LAD plan 2(CL2) is less useful for shielding OARs compared to CL1.

Conclusion:
CL1 plans may reduce OAR dose for patients without compromising the target coverage. Hence, the proper implementation of MLC can decrease the side effects of RT.
Authorship for Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Kakodkar Pradnya , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Authorship disputes are not rare when it is interdisciplinary research involving multiple researchers from different disciplines.

Aim:
The aim of this artilce is to recommend authorship guidelines for interdisciplinary research through a review of literature.

Materials and Methods:
Literature was searched using the search terms “Interdisciplinary research” and “authorship” in Medline since 2000–2020 and using Google. The literature was read and compiled. Based on the available literature suggestions and the present-day journal guidelines, recommendations are proposed.

Results:
Twelve unique and relevant articles were selected. They were read thoroughly, and four suggestions for determining authorship in interdisciplinary research are hereby proposed: (1) according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors; (2) group authorship; (3) contributor role taxonomy with 1000-point system; and (4) co-first authorship.

Conclusion:
Interdisciplinary team to harmoniously prepare the author list using the proposed suggestions and sort it at the initial planning stages before undertaking the work to avoid displeasure at the end.
Perbandingan Efisiensi Bank Umum Pemerintah dan Bank Umum Swasta Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Meilia Puspitasari Saras 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat perbedaan efisiensi Bank Umum Pemerintah dan Bank Umum Swasta yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode penelitian tahun 2016-2019. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data yang berasal dari 34 bank umum yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode non parametrik dengan pendekatan Data Evelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan variabel input yang terdiri dari: aset, dana pihak ketiga, beban operasional, dan variabel output yang digunakan adalah kredit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,370 yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan nilai alfa yaitu 0,05. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat efisiensi Bank Umum Pemerintah dan Bank Umum Swasta.
Kata kunci : Efisiensi, bank umum pemerintah dan bank umum swasta.
Pengaruh Facebook Ads dan Elemen Brand Equity Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Tokopedia
Authors: Caprio Dior De 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari iklan facebook dan elemen brand equity terhadap keputusan pembelian tokopedia. Penelitian ini menggunakan literature reviews dengan melakukan kajian ulang dari beberapa jurnal dan penelitian terdahulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengolahan data menggunakan literature review. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini ialah iklan Facebook (X1), Elemen Brand Equity (X2), dan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini merupakan Keputusan Pembelian (Y1).
Kata kunci : Iklan Facebook, Elemen Brand Equity, Tokopedia, Keputusan Pembelian.
Pengaruh Faktor Fundamental Terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor fundamental yang terdiri dari variabel leverage, pertumbuhan penjualan, arus kas, laba per saham, likuiditas serta ukuran perusahaan terhadap rasio pembayaran dividen. Sampel penelitian adalah 36 perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur pada 2016-2018. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data laporan keuangan yang diproses menggunakan SPSS dengan metode analisis regresi panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan penjualan, arus kas dan laba per saham memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap rasio pembayaran dividen sedangkan leverage, likuiditas serta ukuran perusahaan tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi rasio pembayaran dividen.
Kata kunci : Fundamental, pertumbuhan jualan, arus kas dan rasio pembayaran dividen.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Darsono Yudi 
Published: April 2022

Maksud penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di SBU (Strategic Bisnis Unit) Aircraft Services PT. Indonesian Aerospace yang berlokasi di kota Bandung-Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Proporsional Random Sampling dan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil questioner. Popupalasi penelitian berjumlah 336 orang, sedangkan sample dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 101 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Kuantitative analisis data yang didukung oleh Kualitative analisis data. Tehnikal analisis yang diguanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa Path analysis, menggunakan software SPSS versi 17 dan minitab for windows versi 13 complete dengan macro minitab.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa :

Gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh fositif dan significant terhadap kinerja karyawan
Motivasi berpengaruh positif dan significant terhadap kinerja karyawan

Gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan significant terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pekerja Seks Komersial terhadap Prostitusi Menggunakan Media Sosial Berdasarkan Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Novrianti  , Jamba Padrisan 
Published: April 2022

Prostitusi terutama Prostitusi yang menggunakan media sosial melibatkan beberapa pihak, antara lain penyedia jasa, pengguna jasa dan pekerja seks komersial selaku pihak yang menjajakan diri. Dari ketiga pihak yang terlibat tersebut tidak semuanya dapat dikenakan aturan mengenai kejahatan prostitusi. Hal inilah yang menjadi kelemahan pemerintah dalam menanggulangi kejahatan prostitusi. Sebagai contoh dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana hanya mengatur mengenai larangan terhadap mereka yang membantu dan menyediakan pelayanan seks secara ilegal, artinya hanya penyedia jasa saja yang dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana sementara pengguna jasa dan pekerja seks komersial tidak dapat dikenakan sanksi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian adalah Pertanggungjawaban pidana pekerja seks komersial dalam tindak pidana prostitusi yang menggunakan media sosial dapat diberikan dengan menggunakan aturan hukum yang dapat mengakomodir hal tersebut. Adapun pidana penjara yang dapat diterapkan dalam menjatuhkan sanksi adalah pidana penjara minimal 6 (enam) bulan dan maksimal 6 (enam) tahun dengan denda minimal Rp. 250.000.000,- dan denda maksimal Rp. 3.000.000.000,-.