bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined heat‐ and light‐induced shape memory behavior of RPVB/SMA/NRGO composites by reactive melt blending
Authors: Zhang Chenchen , Gao Yuan , Gao Huajie , Cao Yanxia , Wang Jianfeng , Yang Yanyu , Wang Wanjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecycled polyvinyl butyral film (RPVB) is reactive blending with different dosages of styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) in a torque rheometer. The shape memory properties of the RPVB/SMA blends are studied. The cross‐linked reaction between RPVB and SMA is the main factor affecting the shape memory properties of the binary blends. When the RPVB and SMA blending ratios are 3:1 and 4:1, both blends exhibit superior shape memory properties (the shape fixation ratios are above 96% at room temperature, and the shape recovery ratios are over 99% at 80°C). Furthermore, the RPVB/SMA/NRGO composites are prepared by adding the NH2‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) with an excellent thermal stability. The introduction of NRGO not only improves the tensile properties of the composites, but also endows them with an excellent light‐induced shape memory function.
Modified estimation and confidence intervals of an asymmetric loss‐based process capability index Cpm′$\mathcal {C}^{\prime }_{pm}$
Authors: Dey Sanku , Wang Liang , Saha Mahendra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we are interested to estimate a new capability index , which is based on asymmetric loss function (linear‐exponential) when the underlying process follows normal distribution. We estimate the parameters of the model using maximum likelihood method, bias‐corrected maximum likelihood method and bootstrap bias‐corrected maximum likelihood method and subsequently the process capability index (PCI) using the cited methods. Through extensive simulation studies, we compare the performances of the aforementioned methods of estimation for the PCI in terms of their absolute bias (AB) and MSEs. Besides, four bootstrap methods are employed for constructing the confidence intervals for the index by using the considered methods of estimation. The performances of the bootstrap confidence intervals (BCIs) are also compared in terms of average widths (AWs) and coverage probabilities (CPs) using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods of estimation and BCIs, two real data sets from electronic industries are analyzed. All these data sets show that width of bias‐corrected accelerated bootstrap interval is minimum among all other considered BCIs.
On the Fault‐Tolerance Threshold for Surface Codes with General Noise
Authors: Chai Jing Hao , Ng Hui Khoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFault‐tolerant quantum computing based on surface codes has emerged as a popular route to large‐scale quantum computers capable of accurate computation even in the presence of noise. Its popularity is, in part, because the fault‐tolerance or accuracy threshold for surface codes is believed to be less stringent than competing schemes. This threshold is the noise level below which computational accuracy can be increased by increasing physical resources for noise removal, and is an important engineering target for realizing quantum devices. The current conclusions about surface code thresholds are, however, drawn largely from studies of probabilistic noise. While probabilistic noise is a natural assumption, current devices experience noise beyond such a model, raising the question of whether conventional statements about the thresholds apply. This work attempts to extend past proof techniques to derive the fault‐tolerance threshold for surface codes subjected to general noise with no particular structure. Surprisingly, no nontrivial threshold is found, i.e., there is no guarantee the surface code prescription works for general noise. While this is not a proof that the scheme fails, it appears that current proof techniques are likely unable to provide an answer. A genuinely new idea is needed to reaffirm the feasibility of surface code quantum computing.
Radiographic findings useful for diagnosis of primary chest wall lymphoma without preceding pleural disease: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Masanori , Fujimoto Daichi , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Sumikawa Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 70‐year‐old man with no history of pleural diseases had a dumbbell‐shaped chest wall mass extending from the thoracic cavity to the spinal canal at the intervertebral foramen without bone destruction. Computed tomography revealed a positive a ‘pleural sandwich sign’, where the intercostal artery was enveloped by the mass. A high maximum standard uptake value was noted on fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography. No lesions were found in areas other than the chest wall. CT‐guided biopsy was performed and he was diagnosed with primary chest wall lymphoma. This case report suggests that these radiographic findings may be helpful for diagnosing chest wall lymphomas even in patients without prior pleural disease.
Estimation of dual‐mode nonlinear stochastic systems with unknown parameters
Authors: Ji Ruiping , Liang Yan , Xu Linfeng , Wei Zhenwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article proposes the problem of state estimation for dual‐mode nonlinear stochastic systems with unknown parameters, that is, the possible state evolution is described by unknown switch between normal and abnormal modes, and the mismatch term of abnormal mode deviating from the normal one is parameterized as a linear stochastic transformation of state with unknown transformation matrix and modeling error covariance to generalize various abnormal state evolution. For this complex estimation problem involving unknown states, modes, and parameters (i.e., transformation matrix and covariance), a Bayesian learning based filter is first derived to update the joint posterior of state and unknown parameters in abnormal mode by exploiting sequential Monte Carlo, conjugate prior and marginalization. Then a switching output strategy of normal/abnormal mode filters based on likelihood‐ratio test is designed to reduce the conservatism of abnormal mode filter to normal mode state estimation. Finally, simulation study on a benchmark of maneuvering target tracking shows the superiority of the proposed method compared with existing ones.
Colloidal Active Matter Mimics the Behavior of Biological Microorganisms—An Overview
Authors: Nsamela Audrey , Garcia Zintzun Aidee Itandehui , Montenegro‐Johnson Thomas D. , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article provides a review of the recent development of biomimicking behaviors in active colloids. While the behavior of biological microswimmers is undoubtedly influenced by physics, it is frequently guided and manipulated by active sensing processes. Understanding the respective influences of the surrounding environment can help to engineering the desired response also in artificial swimmers. More often than not, the achievement of biomimicking behavior requires the understanding of both biological and artificial microswimmers swimming mechanisms and the parameters inducing mechanosensory responses. The comparison of both classes of microswimmers provides with analogies in their dependence on fuels, interaction with boundaries and stimuli induced motion, or taxis.
Versatile Surface Patterning with Low Molecular Weight Photoswitches
Authors: Meteling Henning J. , Bosse Florian , Schlichter Lisa , Tyler Bonnie J. , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurface patterning of functional materials is a key technology in various fields such as microelectronics, optics, and photonics. In micro‐ and nanofabrication, polymers are frequently employed either as photoreactive or thermoresponsive resists that enable further fabrication steps, or as functional adlayers in electronic and optical devices. In this article, a method is presented for imprint lithography using low molecular weight arylazoisoxazoles photoswitches instead of polymer resists. These photoswitches exhibit a rapid and reversible solid‐to‐liquid phase transition upon photo‐isomerization at room temperature, making them highly suitable for reversible surface functionalization at ambient conditions. Beyond photo‐induced imprint lithography with multiple write‐and‐erase cycles, prospective applications as patterned matrix for nanoparticles and etch resist on gold surfaces are demonstrated.
Deflection analysis of welded steel I‐girders with corrugated webs based on first yield
Authors: Zhang Xutong , Far Harry , Lin Xuqun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSinusoidal corrugated profile webs have been popularly used in steel structural designs to replace the flat webs in conventional welded beams, while there are better performances in corrugated web beams (CWBs) regarding more stability and less material used to against beam failures caused by buckling. Previous studies have provided that CWBs enabled numerous favourable benefits to be recognised as alternatives to the traditional weld beams in designing structures. Furthermore, as CWBs are proposed as the major load‐carrying elements, the maximum deflection in the elastic range is one of the important beam properties that should be precisely estimated and calculated. To find an appropriate method in computing the maximum deflection of CWBs based on the first yield for civil communities in Australia, proposed equations based on other standards will be employed to calculate the theoretical results for the comparisons with simulation‐based results. While applying the linear analysis simulations provided by SAP 2000, ultimate limit state design theory has also been used with requirements stated by AS 4100. In this study, the results in theoretical calculations and numerical simulations have been compared to conclude that the highly defined equations by ASTM [37] and Sause et al. [38] could precisely estimate the maximum deflections of CWBs based on the first yield in conjunction with requirements and limitations in Australian standards, which could be adequate for the structural design calculations in Australian design fields.
Genome‐wide marker effect heterogeneity is associated with a large effect dormancy locus in winter malting barley
Authors: Rooney Travis E. , Kunze Karl H. , Sorrells Mark E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrediction of trait values in plant breeding populations typically relies on assumptions about marker effect homogeneity across populations. Evidence is presented for winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germination traits that a single, causative, large‐effect gene in the Seed dormancy 1 region on Chromosome 5H, HvAlaAT1 (Qsd1), leads to heterogeneous estimated marker effects genome wide between groups of otherwise related individuals carrying different Qsd1 alleles. This led to reduced prediction accuracy across alleles when a model was trained either on individuals carrying both alleles or one allele. Several genomic prediction models were tested to increase prediction accuracy within the Qsd1 allele groups. Small gains (5–12%) in prediction accuracy were realized using structured genomic best linear unbiased predictor models when information about the Qsd1 allele was used to stratify the population. We concluded that a single large‐effect locus can lead to heterogeneous marker effects in the same breeding family. Variance partitioning based on large‐effect loci can be used to inform best practices in designing genomic prediction models; however, there are likely few cases for which it may be practical to do this. For malting barley, if germination traits are highly associated with malting quality traits, then similar steps should be considered for malting quality trait prediction.
TAMFT‐3A and TAMFT‐3B2 homeologs are associated with wheat preharvest sprouting
Authors: Vetch Justin Michael , Tillett Brandon J. , Bruckner Philip , Martin John M. , Marlowe Karol , Hooker Marcus Alan , See Deven Robert , Giroux Michael J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of preharvest sprouting (PHS), caused by rain after physiological maturity and prior to harvest, negatively affects wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and end use. Investigating the genetics that control PHS resistance may result in increased control of seed dormancy. Multiple genes involved in the development of seed dormancy are associated with PHS. In this study, the TaMFT (3A, 3B1, 3B2, 3D), TaMKK3‐4A, and TaVP1‐3B genes were assessed for association with PHS in a double‐haploid line (DHL) hard red winter wheat population derived from a BC1 cross between the cultivars Loma and Warhorse, where Loma was the recurrent and PHS susceptible parent. The 162 BC1 DHL lines were grown over two field seasons and PHS susceptibility was assessed by measuring PHS resistance in physiologically mature heads. The PHS variation was associated with the TaMFT‐A and the B2 homeolog with Loma carrying mutant forms of each gene. No sequence variation between Loma and Warhorse was detected in the exons of the TaMFT‐B1 and D homeologs. No association between PHS resistance and TaMKK3‐4A or TaVp1‐3B variation was observed, though Loma and Warhorse vary for TaMKK3‐4A and TaVp1‐3B mutations reported to be PHS associated. Previous research has shown TaMFT‐3A as having a large impact on PHS resistance. In the current study, the TaMFT‐3A and TaMFT‐3B2 alleles each explained 14% of observed PHS variation. Markers for both TaMFT‐3A and TaMFT‐3B2 should be used in selecting for increased wheat dormancy and PHS resistance.
Extractive Economy and Mobilities. The Case of Large Copper Mining in the Antofagasta Region
Authors: Stefoni Carolina , Stang Fernanda , Rojas Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the relationship between mobility and the extractive economy of large copper mining in the Antofagasta region, located in the north of Chile. We will argue that extractivism generates various types of mobilities, which result in unequal processes of incorporation into the city, produced by the intersection of class, the origin of migration (internal and international), gender, ethnicity and race. On the basis of previous and ongoing research, we examined three types of mobilities to illustrate these inequalities: (i) internal migration, which played a decisive role in the settlement of the city and the region: (ii) circular internal mobility, under the figure of commuters: professionals, technicians and operators, mainly men, with different working conditions; and (iii) international migration from Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and other countries, attracted by job opportunities in the formal and informal sector, with good, medium or bad conditions depending on the ethno-national, “racial”, class and gender “marks”.
Contradictions and Shifts in Discourse and Application of the Refugee System in a Mixed-Migration Context: The Ecuadorian Case
Authors: Moya Jennifer , Sánchez Bautista Consuelo , Pugh Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe refugee system in the Americas is codified in instruments like the Refugee Convention and Protocol, the Cartagena Declaration, the Mexico Action Plan and Brazil Declaration, and implementing legislation within member states. However, there is a widely recognized gap between institutional protections and implementation in practice. This chapter traces the case of Colombian forced migration in Ecuador to advance the argument that the conceptualization and application of the refugee system has shifted considerably over the past decade. Domestic political incentives, international reputation, and populist imaginaries of el pueblo have led to a discourse of openness that relies on generosity, globalism, and solidarity narratives that mask the regression of a rights-based refugee regime, exposing contradictions in the system. The chapter draws on discourse analysis of political speeches and media stories in Ecuador, as well as interviews with key stakeholders in the UN system, NGOs, the state, and migrants in Ecuador.
When Migrant Pain Does Not Deserve Attention: Institutional Racism in Chile’s Public Health System
Authors: Merino María Emilia Tijoux , Cortés Constanza Ambiado 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the institutional racism that affects immigrants in Chile in the public health sector, in addition to the ways in which they endure and resist it. The concept of institutional racism gestures towards a hidden racism, consolidated in the very functioning of institutions, which also becomes expressed in everyday interactions between public health professionals and immigrant patients. These interactions reflect how administrative difficulties, pitfalls in resource allocation, and the power of “expertise” in healthcare push immigrants out of the system or compel them to invent new ways of confronting a system that racializes them. Through a qualitative approach, we present some findings with respect to expressions of institutional racism against immigrants in Chile today.
On an Equivalence of Divisors on $\overline {\text {M}}_{0,n}$ from Gromov-Witten Theory and Conformal Blocks
Authors: Chen L. , Gibney A. , Heller L. , Kalashnikov E. , Larson H. , Xu W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider a conjecture that identifies two types of base point free divisors on $\overline {\text {M}}_{0,n}$

M

¯

0
,
n

. The first arises from Gromov-Witten theory of a Grassmannian. The second comes from first Chern classes of vector bundles associated with simple Lie algebras in type A. Here we reduce this conjecture on $\overline {\text {M}}_{0,n}$

M

¯

0
,
n

to the same statement for n = 4. A reinterpretation leads to a proof of the conjecture on $\overline {\text {M}}_{0,n}$

M

¯

0
,
n

for a large class, and we give sufficient conditions for the non-vanishing of these divisors.
Validation and translation of the Hungarian version of the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ-H)
Authors: Hock Márta , Tiringer István , Ambrus Eszter , Németh Zoltán , Farkas Bálint 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aims of the study were the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of self-administered Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ) on a Hungarian population.

Methods
The validation was performed in 294 women over 18 who agreed to answer the Hungarian version of the APFQ. The validation of the questionnaire included evaluation of content/face validity, internal consistency, construct validity, test-retest reproducibility, discriminant validity and convergent validity.

Results
Acceptable and good internal consistency was observed in all four dimensions [McDonald’s ω (95% confidence interval) coefficients were > 0.7 for each dimension: bladder 0.888, bowel 0.790, prolapse 0.895 and sexual function 0.738]. Test-retest analyses revealed high reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficients (bladder 0.83, bowel 0.92, prolapse 0.96 and sexual function 0.87). Prolapse symptom score correlated significantly with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q), and bladder score correlated significantly with the results of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ UI SF) (convergent validity). Scores distinguished between patients with pelvic floor disorders and controls (high discriminant validity).

Conclusions
Hungarian version of the self-administered APFQ is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating symptom severity and impact of pelvic floor dysfunction on the quality of life of Hungarian women.
Poisoning cases in the German crime series Tatort (crime scene) from 1974 to 2022
Authors: Ellerbeck Rachel , Seifert Roland 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoisoning occurs frequently in TV crime series but, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been analyzed scientifically. This study examines the plausibility of poisoning cases in Germany’s most popular crime series, Tatort (crime scene), from 1974 to 2022. In the TV series, the increasing rate of poisoning in Germany as well as the increasing variety of substances leading to poisoning over the years are depicted. Largely in line with reality, similar substance categories and routes of administration are presented. However, poisoning outcomes in Tatort differ from reality: over 50% of the victims die in Tatort, whereas in reality, more than 80% survive. In > 95% of the episodes, the mechanism of action of a poison is not explained, omitting an important opportunity for raising public awareness. The TV series also deviates from reality in terms of the etiology of poisonings: External poison delivery is largely overrepresented, while the high rate of accidental poisonings in real life is underrepresented. Almost no accidental poisonings occur in Tatort, although this is the most frequent type of poisoning in real life. In Tatort, men are overrepresented as offenders and victims of poisoning compared to reality. Thus, the crime series does not convey the message that anyone can be a potential victim of poisoning and that particularly vulnerable groups need proper education and the best possible protection. This paper discusses the conflict between detailed, plausible episodes with cases of poisoning and the potential for imitation that they may cause.
How similar are responses to background motion and target displacements?
Authors: Crowe Emily M. , Vellekoop Patou , van Meteren Chermaine , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Brenner Eli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen making a goal-directed movement towards a target, our hand follows abrupt background motion. This response resembles that of a shift in the target’s position. Does background motion simply change the position towards which the movement is guided? If so, the response to background motion should resemble the response to a target displacement. To find out whether this is the case, we ran two exploratory studies where we asked participants to hit a moving target at a specified moment. At various times during the hand’s movement, the background could move briefly at one of several speeds, and for various durations. The response to abrupt background motion was larger when the background moved later in the movement and when the background moved faster, in line with known responses to target displacements. The response to a second epoch of background motion was smaller than it would have been if there had been no first epoch, in contrast to responses to multiple target displacements. If the background was already moving before the target appeared, the hand even moved in the opposite direction. Thus, the response to background motion and that to a target displacement are clearly not identical, but they do share several features.
Preparation of N-doped carbon materials from cellulose:chitosan blends and their potential application in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Wittmar Alexandra S. M. , Ropertz Marcus , Braun Michael , Hagemann Ulrich , Andronescu Corina , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are prepared by a direct pathway including a two-step thermal treatment process applied to porous spheres of natural biopolymer blends. Cellulose blends with chitosan are first thermally treated at moderate temperatures (e.g., 200 °C), then pyrolyzed at elevated temperature (800–1000 °C), both steps under a constant nitrogen flow. By blending of cellulose with chitosan, the nitrogen content in the final carbon-based catalyst can be considerably increased. The influence of the composition of the precursor biopolymer blend on the ORR electrocatalytic activity is analyzed in correlation with the elemental composition and other structural features of the catalyst. The polymer blend containing cellulose:chitosan = 75:25, thermally treated 1 h at 200 °C and pyrolyzed 1 h at 800 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, shows the highest electrocatalytic ORR activity. This is attributed to an increased surface area combined with relatively high nitrogen content and a higher pyridinic/pyrrolic species ratio.