bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Queueing and risk models with dependencies
Authors: Boxma O. J. , Mandjes M. R. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes various stochastic recursions that arise in queueing and insurance risk models with a ‘semi-linear’ dependence structure. For example, an interarrival time depends on the workload, or the capital, immediately after the previous arrival; or the service time of a customer depends on her waiting time. In each case, we derive and solve a fixed-point equation for the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of a key performance measure of the model, like waiting time or ruin time.
Validation of the EQ-5D-5L and psychosocial bolt-ons in a large cohort of people living with multiple sclerosis in Australia
Authors: Campbell Julie A. , Ahmad Hasnat , Chen Gang , van der Mei Ingrid , Taylor Bruce V. , Claflin Suzi , Henson Glen J. , Simpson-Yap Steve , Laslett Laura L. , Hawkes Kirsty , Hurst Carol , Waugh Hilary , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system which results in disability over time and reduced quality of life. To increase the sensitivity of the EQ-5D-5L for psychosocial health, four bolt-on items from the AQoL-8D were used to create the nine-item EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial. We aimed to externally validate the EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial in a large cohort of people with MS (pwMS) and explore the discriminatory power of the new instrument with EQ-5D-5L/AQoL-8D.MethodsA large representative sample from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study completed the AQoL-8D and EQ-5D-5L (including EQ VAS) and both instruments health state utilities (HSUs) were scored using Australian tariffs. Sociodemographic/clinical data were also collected. External validity of EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial scoring algorithm was assessed with mean absolute errors (MAE) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Discriminatory sensitivity was assessed with an examination of ceiling/floor effects, and disability severity classifications.ResultsAmong 1683 participants (mean age: 58.6 years; 80% female), over half (55%) had moderate or severe disability. MAE (0.063) and the distribution of the prediction error were similar to the original development study. Mean (± standard deviation) HSUs were EQ-5D-5L: 0.58 ± 0.32, EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial 0.62 ± 0.29, and AQoL-8D: 0.63 ± 0.20.N = 157 (10%) scored perfect health (i.e. HSU = 1.0) on the EQ-5D-5L, but reported a mean HSU of 0.90 on the alternative instruments. The Sleep bolt-on dimension was particularly important for pwMS.ConclusionsThe EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial is more sensitive than the EQ-5D-5L in pwMS whose HSUs approach those reflecting full health. When respondent burden is taken into account, the EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial is preferential to the AQoL-8D. We suggest a larger confirmatory study comparing all prevalent multi-attribute utility instruments for pwMS.
Sex differences in quality of life of patients following percutaneous coronary intervention in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Hoa , Norman Richard , Pham Ngoc M. , Nguyen Hoai T. T. , Pham Hung M. , Nguyen Quang N. , Do Loi D. , Reid Christopher M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Data regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in men and women after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in low-and-middle incomes countries remains scarce. To investigate sex difference in the HRQoL at 30 days and 12 months post PCI in Vietnam.

Methods
We used data from a single percutaneous coronary registry established in the Vietnam National Heart Institute. The HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-3L instrument via telephone interviews, and information about demographics, clinical presentation and procedures was obtained through face-to-face interviews and medical records. The HRQoL between men and women were compared using independent samples t tests, the Mann–Whitney U test or univariate/multivariate logistic regression.

Results
There were 866 patients included in this cohort, with the proportion of women being nearly half of men (32.1 vs 67.9%). Women were 3.5 years older, had lower income and educational levels but greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. At 30 days, women significantly had more problems in mobility, personal care and pain/discomfort compared to men. At 12 months, women had more problem than men in usual activity. The geometric means of HRQoL was lower in women at 30 days, but not in 12 months. From 30 days to 12 months after discharge, women showed better recovery in mobility compared to men, but not in other dimensions.

Conclusions
In this first insight of sex differences in HRQoL following PCI in Vietnam, women appeared to have worse quality of life, especially at 30 days after discharge but they showed better recovery in mobility at 12 months compared to men.
Percolativity of Porous Media
Authors: Hilfer R. , Hauskrecht J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConnectivity and connectedness are nonadditive geometric functionals on the set of pore scale structures. They determine transport of mass, volume or momentum in porous media, because without connectivity there cannot be transport. Percolativity of porous media is introduced here as a geometric descriptor of connectivity, that can be computed from the pore scale and persists to the macroscale through a suitable upscaling limit. It is a measure that combines local percolation probabilities with a probability density of ratios of eigenvalues of the tensor of local percolating directions. Percolativity enters directly into generalized effective medium approximations. Predictions from these generalized effective medium approximations are found to be compatible with apparently anisotropic Archie correlations observed in experiment.
Triple-renewable energy system for electricity production and water desalination
Authors: Abdelsalam Emad , Almomani Fares , Alnawafah Hamza , Alrashed Radi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work presents a novel triple-renewable energy system (TRES) that is based on integrating the photovoltaic panels (PVPs), conventional solar chimney (CSC), and cooling tower (CT) in one structure. The ultimate objective of the proposed TRES system is to produce electrical power (Pelc), desalinated water (Dw), and if required cooling utilities. The components of the system include a chimney tower, collector, base, PVPs, water pool, bi-directional turbine, and water sprinklers. The TRES system can be operated as CSC during the daytime and CT at night providing 24-h operation. The PVPs were integrated within the structure to increase the Pelc production and enhance the process performance by heating the air inside the system. The TRES structure increased the efficiency to 0.860% in comparison with the CSC (0.313%). The annual Pelc production from the TRES system was found to be 792 MWh compared with only 380 MWh generated by the CSC achieving 2.1 folds overall improvement. The CSC-PV and CT contributed to 47% (494 MWh) and 24% (253 MWh) of the Pelc production, respectively. The annual Dw production was found to be 1.2-fold higher (163,142 tons) higher than the CSC (139,443 tons). The newly developed TRES system offers a great potential to produce Pelc and Dw and save fossil fuel consumption while reducing the emissions of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) to the atmosphere.
Ice Lenses Beneath Hummocks in a Temperate Rich Fen
Authors: Jabłońska Ewa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study documents a process of ice lenses persistence under hummocks during spring snowmelt in a rich fen in Poland. Air temperature, as well as the temperature under vascular plant litter, Hamatocaulis vernicosus mat, Tomentypnum nitens hummocks and Sphagnum teres hummocks, was measured from December to March using temperature data loggers. The Capital Asset Pricing Model was adapted to analyse relationships between air temperature and temperature under litter and mosses. Sphagnum teres best insulated the temperature of the upper peat layer from changing air temperatures and maintained frozen peat under its hummocks the longest (for about a month after the frost had stopped). Tomentypnum nitens insulated similarly effectively in winter, also maintaining the ice lenses under its hummocks, but less effectively in warmer spring, which may be due to differences in hummock structure between the two species. The observed phenomenon may soon disappear due to global warming, which may affect the fen functioning.
Noninvasive Assessment of Sex Differences in Arterial Load in Healthy Adults
Authors: Lu Jing , Yin Lixue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Women have higher risk of heart failure than their male counterparts. Although the mechanical inefficiency of myocardium against an excessive afterload is an important reason of heart failure, little attention has been paid to the sex differences in arterial load and its clinical relevance.

Results
The effective arterial elastance index (EaI), total arterial compliance index (TACI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were determined using transthoracic echocardiography combined with cuff-measured brachial blood pressure in 460 healthy adults (230 men). The sex differences in these arterial load indexes were analyzed. No statistical difference was found in the age, heart rate, and stroke volume index (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for the cuff-measured blood pressure; the estimated marginal means (95% CIs) of the EaI was higher in women than in men [0.972 (0.952–0.991) vs 0.743 (0.724–0.763) mmHg m2/mL, P < 0.001], the TACI was lower in women than in men [0.924 (0.905–0.944) vs 1.055 (1.036–1.075) mL/mm Hg m2, P < 0.001], and no statistical difference was found in the SVRI between sexes (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
For any given cuff-measured blood pressure, greater integrated and pulsatile arterial load are imposed on left ventricle in women than in men, which is a piece of evidence that women have higher risk of heart failure than their counterparts.
The Political Economy of NGO Service Provision
Authors: Springman Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe share of basic services that NGOs deliver has grown dramatically in developing countries due to increased receipt of aid and philanthropy in these countries. Many scholars and practitioners worry that NGOs reduce reliance on government services and, in turn, lower demand for government provision and undermine political engagement. Others argue that NGOs prop-up poorly performing governments that receive undeserved credit for the production, allocation, or welfare effects of NGO services. Using original surveys and a randomized health intervention, implemented in parallel to a similar universal government program, this article investigates the long-term effect of NGO provision on political attitudes and behavior. Access to NGO services increased preferences for NGO, relative to government, provision. However, political engagement and perceptions of government legitimacy were unaffected. Instead, the intervention generated political credit for the incumbent president. This study finds that citizens see NGOs as a resource that powerful government actors control, and they reward actors who they see as responsible for allocation of those resources.
The final frontier? Why we have been ignoring second language attrition, and why it is time we stopped
Authors: Schmid Monika S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInstructed foreign language knowledge – that is, language skills acquired exclusively in the classroom without the benefit of any significant immersion experience – remains a vastly neglected area of studies on language learning in general and language attrition in particular. There is also little consideration of foreign language attrition and maintenance as a problem for policy or pedagogy.The present talk will give an overview of what is and what is not known about second language (L2) attrition at the present time. It will then present the results from a pilot project that will hopefully serve as the foundation for larger studies of instructed L2 attrition in future years.
FORTE Measurements of Global Lightning Altitudes
Authors: Peterson Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile multiple lightning detection systems provide geographical locations of lightning events across the globe, robust lightning altitude measurements on a global scale have proven elusive. Space‐based platforms have an advantageous viewing geometry for making these measurements, but prior studies with the Fast On‐orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite were limited to a few thousand events. In this study, we apply the same technique for calculating source altitude from the previous efforts to a large catalog of hundreds of thousands of global FORTE in‐cloud lightning events that were coincident with flashes geolocated by its lightning imager between 1997 and 2003. We use this new data set to document global variations in lightning altitude. As in previous studies, we find that FORTE primarily resolves sources from the upper (positive) charge layer at ∼11 km altitude in normal thunderstorms. However, sources are also recorded from other charge layers in the storm and from leaders developing between layers. In particular, we note a pronounced increase in source altitude in the first 20 ms of FORTE flashes from the negative leader developing upward into the upper positive charge layer. Regions known for wintertime and/or stratiform lightning have increased contributions from low‐altitude sources, while tropical regions particularly around Panama and the Maritime Continent have the greatest concentrations of high‐altitude sources.
Application of Recurrent Neural Network to Modeling Earth's Global Electron Density
Authors: Huang Sheng , Li Wen , Shen Xiao‐Chen , Ma Qianli , Chu Xiangning , Ma Donglai , Bortnik Jacob , Capannolo Luisa , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Goldstein Jerry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe total electron density is a fundamental quantity in the Earth's magnetosphere and plays an important role in a number of physical processes, but its dynamic global evolution is not fully quantified yet. We present an implementation of a specific type of recurrent neural network (encoder‐decoder), which is distinct from previous models, to construct global electron density based on the multiyear data from Van Allen Probes. The history of geomagnetic indices is first encoded into a hidden state H, then together with auxiliary information (satellite location), they are decoded into the quantity of interest (total electron density in this study). In this process the input of historical geomagnetic indices is detangled from the satellite location and is processed chronologically by the encoder. As a result, time evolution of geomagnetic indices is explicitly embedded in the structure and the encoded hidden state H can be viewed as the representation of the inner magnetospheric state. The magnetospheric state is then decoded to predict global electron density evolution. Our results show that the model can capture the dynamical evolution of total electron density with the formation and evolution of stable and evident plume configurations that roughly agree with global observations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of applying recurrent neural networks to specify the inner magnetospheric state in a novel way, which will potentially improve our fundamental understanding of wave and particle dynamics in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Sensitivities of General Circulation and Waves to Horizontal Subgrid‐Scale Diffusion in Long‐Term Time Integrations of a Dynamical Core for Venus
Authors: Yamamoto M. , Takahashi M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuper‐rotation and waves are sensitive to horizontal subgrid‐scale fourth‐order diffusion in long‐term time integrations of a dynamical core under a Venus‐like condition. The rigid‐body rotation component of the super‐rotation intensifies as the diffusion strengthens, and the fluid dynamic similarity of the nondimensional winds is found among the different diffusions. In the experiments with weak diffusion, the super‐rotation is weak in the presence of strong poleward eddy heat flux, enhancing the downward angular momentum transport by the Eliassen–Palm (E–P) flux. In contrast, the strong super‐rotation is developed, and both the poleward eddy heat and vertical E–P fluxes are weak in the strong horizontal diffusion experiments. Because the waves with high zonal wave numbers and poleward heat fluxes are strongly dissipated, the vertical E–P fluxes become weak and the contribution of subgrid‐scale vertical diffusion becomes large in the momentum budget. As the horizontal diffusion strengthens, the phase velocities of the equatorial waves increase due to the faster background zonal flow (i.e., mean zonal flow). Although strong empirical diffusion produces strong super‐rotation, it is still unknown whether it is valid. Thus, we must carefully assess the robustness of the super‐rotation in the long‐term simulation based on the sensitivity test of horizontal diffusion.
High dose androgen suppresses natural killer cytotoxicity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via altering AR/circFKBP5/miRNA-513a-5p/PD-L1 signals
Authors: Tang Min , Sun Yin , Huang Chi-Ping , Chen Lei , Liu Bianjiang , You Bosen , Wang Zengjun , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially respond well to androgen deprivation therapy, but almost all eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Early studies indicated the bipolar androgen therapy via a cycling of high dose and low dose of androgen to suppress PCa growth might be effective in a select patient population. The detailed mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here we found the capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to suppress the CRPC cells could be suppressed by a high dose of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Mechanism dissection indicates that transactivated AR can increase circularRNA-FKBP5 (circFKBP5) expression, which could sponge/inhibit miR-513a-5p that suppresses the PD-L1 expression via direct binding to its 3ʹUTR to negatively impact immune surveillance from NK cells. Preclinical data from in vitro cell lines and an in vivo mouse model indicate that targeting PD-L1 with sh-RNA or anti-PD-L1 antibody can enhance the high dose DHT effect to better suppress CRPC cell growth. These findings may help us to develop novel therapies via combination of high dose androgen with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors to better suppress CRPC progression.
Imaging Cu2O nanocube hollowing in solution by quantitative in situ X-ray ptychography
Authors: Grote Lukas , Seyrich Martin , Döhrmann Ralph , Harouna-Mayer Sani Y. , Mancini Federica , Kaziukenas Emilis , Fernandez-Cuesta Irene , A. Zito Cecilia , Vasylieva Olga , Wittwer Felix , Odstrčzil Michal , Mogos Natnael , Landmann Mirko , Schroer Christian G. , Koziej Dorota 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding morphological changes of nanoparticles in solution is essential to tailor the functionality of devices used in energy generation and storage. However, we lack experimental methods that can visualize these processes in solution, or in electrolyte, and provide three-dimensional information. Here, we show how X-ray ptychography enables in situ nano-imaging of the formation and hollowing of nanoparticles in solution at 155 °C. We simultaneously image the growth of about 100 nanocubes with a spatial resolution of 66 nm. The quantitative phase images give access to the third dimension, allowing to additionally study particle thickness. We reveal that the substrate hinders their out-of-plane growth, thus the nanocubes are in fact nanocuboids. Moreover, we observe that the reduction of Cu2O to Cu triggers the hollowing of the nanocuboids. We critically assess the interaction of X-rays with the liquid sample. Our method enables detailed in-solution imaging for a wide range of reaction conditions.
Circularly polarized light-sensitive, hot electron transistor with chiral plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Namgung Seok Daniel , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Lim Yae-Chan , Lee Jong Woo , Cho Nam Heon , Kim Hyeohn , Huh Jin-Suk , Rhee Hanju , Nah Sanghee , Song Min-Kyu , Kwon Jang-Yeon , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe quantitative detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) is necessary in next-generation optical communication carrying high-density information and in phase-controlled displays exhibiting volumetric imaging. In the current technology, multiple pixels of different wavelengths and polarizers are required, inevitably resulting in high loss and low detection efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient CPL-detecting transistor composed of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles with a high Khun’s dissymmetry (g-factor) of 0.2 and a high mobility conducting oxide of InGaZnO. The device successfully distinguished the circular polarization state and displayed an unprecedented photoresponsivity of over 1 A/W under visible CPL excitation. This observation is mainly attributed to the hot electron generation in chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and to the effective collection of hot electrons in the oxide semiconducting transistor. Such characteristics further contribute to opto-neuromorphic operation and the artificial nervous system based on the device successfully performs image classification work. We anticipate that our strategy will aid in the rational design and fabrication of a high-performance CPL detector and opto-neuromorphic operation with a chiral plasmonic structure depending on the wavelength and circular polarization state.
Movable type printing method to synthesize high-entropy single-atom catalysts
Authors: Rao Peng , Deng Yijie , Fan Wenjun , Luo Junming , Deng Peilin , Li Jing , Shen Yijun , Tian Xinlong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe controllable anchoring of multiple isolated metal atoms into a single support exhibits scientific and technological opportunities, while the synthesis of catalysts with multiple single metal atoms remains a challenge and has been rarely reported. Herein, we present a general route for anchoring up to eleven metals as highly dispersed single-atom centers on porous nitride-doped carbon supports with the developed movable type printing method, and label them as high-entropy single-atom catalysts. Various high-entropy single-atom catalysts with tunable multicomponent are successfully synthesized with the same method by adjusting only the printing templates and carbonization parameters. To prove utility, quinary high-entropy single-atom catalysts (FeCoNiCuMn) is investigated as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with much more positive activity and durability than commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work broadens the family of single-atom catalysts and opens a way to investigate highly efficient single-atom catalysts with multiple compositions.