bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of in‐situ cryogenic testing temperature and ex‐situ cryogenic aging on the mechanical performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with waste short carbon fibers as secondary reinforcements
Authors: Dasari Srinivasu , Patnaik Satyaroop , Ray Bankim Chandra , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComposite components' fabrication generates vast amounts of fiber wastes. This research suggests using short carbon fibers (SCFs) as secondary reinforcement in glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite for cryogenic application. The SCFs (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) were embedded in GFRP composites. Flexural test was performed to assess the integrity and durability of composites at in‐situ cryogenic temperature (CT), and after ex‐situ cryo‐aging in liquid nitrogen for various time intervals (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 h). The composite with 0.1 wt% of SCFs showed the highest enhancement in flexural performance in all testing conditions, ∼16% at Room Temperature (RT), ∼12% at Cryogenic Temperature (CT, and between 13% and 39% after cryo‐aging. Composites with SCFs retained their strength at CT and after cryo‐aging, suggesting that the waste fibers could be economically reused and preferred over other expensive nanofillers as secondary reinforcements in GFRP composites for cryogenic applications.
An experimentally validated model for predicting the tensile modulus of tubular biaxial and triaxial hybrid braids
Authors: Ghamkhar Ghazal , Johari Majid Safar , Toudeshky Hossein Hosseini , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBraiding is a versatile and cost‐effective approach to generating various composite structures for mechanical, sports, and biomedical engineering applications, which are different from each other. For example, a stent is a braided structure and blood penetration in it is essential as much as the right function. Predicting the tensile responses is a prerequisite for the success of implementation of braided structures, and it is usually performed via destructive mechanical testing that might be costly and/or time‐consuming. Therefore, it is essential to provide a model that can accurately predict the tensile modulus. In this research, a theoretical model is developed using the simplification of a braided structure and is validated via testing of biaxial and triaxial braids composed of polyester, glass, and basalt yarns on a 16‐carrier vertical braiding machine. Experimental results not only are used for the model validation but also show the effectiveness of axial yarn presence, hybridization, and the presence of high‐performance yarn in the braided structures on the tensile properties. A good correlation between theoretical values and experimental results is observed approving the high accuracy of the proposed model. This paper is likely to fill a gap in the state of the art and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of hybrid‐braided structures with minimum computational/experimental effort. The research innovation centers on the use of two different yarns to make hybridization, simplicity of the model to be used for biaxial and triaxial braided structures, and a start to omit destructive tests.
Transfer of antibiotics and their metabolites in human milk: Implications for infant health and microbiota
Authors: Thomas Sydney P. , Denizer Erce , Zuffa Simone , Best Brookie M. , Bode Lars , Chambers Christina D. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Liu George Y. , Momper Jeremiah D. , Nizet Victor , Tsunoda Shirley M. , Tremoulet Adriana H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntibiotics are an essential tool for perinatal care. While antibiotics can play a life‐saving role for both parents and infants, they also cause collateral damage to the beneficial bacteria that make up the host gut microbiota. This is especially true for infants, whose developing gut microbiota is uniquely sensitive to antibiotic perturbation. Emerging evidence suggests that disruption of these bacterial populations during this crucial developmental window can have long‐term effects on infant health and development. Although most current studies have focused on microbial disruptions caused by direct antibiotic administration to infants or prenatal exposure to antibiotics administered to the mother, little is known about whether antibiotics in human milk may pose similar risks to the infant. This review surveys current data on antibiotic transfer during lactation and highlights new methodologies to assess drug transfer in human milk. Finally, we provide recommendations for future work to ensure antibiotic use in lactating parents is safe and effective for both parents and infants.
Experimental and theoretical study of optical properties of pyrromethene (PM‐597) laser dye in binary eco‐friendly solvent
Authors: Al‐shamiri Hamdan A. S. , Melhi Saad , Alosaimi Eid. H. , El‐Gammal Bilal , Elhouichet Habib , Sakr Mahmoud A. S. , Kana Maram T. H. Abou , Kandel Hamed M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interaction of pyrromethene (PM‐597) laser dye with binary mixture of [1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoro‐borate (BMIM BF4)] ionic liquid with water [BMIM BF4: H2O] as binary eco‐friendly solvent, were investigated experimentally and theoretically by means of photophysical properties, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), photostability, electronic ground state of molecular structures of PM‐597, BMIM BF4 and mixture of (PM‐597/BMIM BF4) using the density functional theory (DFT) technique, molecular orbitals, energy gap (Eg) among HOMO and LUMO, and the maps of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) for PM‐597 and mixture of (PM‐597/BMIM BF4) in gas phase were calculated using B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory. The refractive index (nD) and density (ρ) values for binary mixes of ionic liquid with water [BMIM BF4: H2O] with different ratios, increases as molecular mass of ionic liquid (BMIM BF4) in water increases. The frequency doubling Nd‐YAG laser of 532 nm was used to investigate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Aside from that, the efficiency of energy conversion was explored. Efficiency is relatively high, and 20.6% was achieved, with good photostability in case of 5 × 10−4 mol/L of PM‐597 in binary mixture of [90% BMIM BF4: 10% H2O] that was a decrease to ~48.3% of the initial amplified spontaneous emission, this output energy was observed after pumping by 72,000 shots at relatively high repetition rate (10 Hz) and pumping energy (40 mJ). In this research, we had used the mixture of [(BMIM BF4: H2O] with different ratios, as binary eco‐friendly solvent instead of harmful organic solvents.
High‐resolution stable isotopic signals of ground ice indicate freeze–thaw history in permafrost on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Yuzhong , Wu Qingbai , Jin Huijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of formation of ground ice and the freeze–thaw history of permafrost is essential when assessing the future of permafrost in a changing climate. High‐resolution ground ice records, integrating stable isotopes (δ18O, d‐excess, and δ13C), hydrochemistry (EC and pH) data, and cryostratigraphy at a depth of 4.8 m from two contrasting permafrost profiles (P‐1, P‐2) in the Source Area of the Yellow River (SAYR) on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), were investigated. The results suggested significant depth variations in the stable isotopes and hydrochemistry of the ground ice. The near‐surface ground ice (NSGI) and deep‐layer ground ice (DLGI) were characterized in terms of variations in stable isotopes and known modern active layer data. By synthesizing the measured δ18O and the modeled isotopic fractionation processes during freezing, we suggest that both the NSGI and DLGI in P‐1 were mainly formed by the segregation mechanism during permafrost aggradation. The NSGI in P‐2, however, exhibited quick freezing origins compared with the predominant ice segregation processes for the DLGI. By combining the evolution of various stable isotopes and hydrochemistry with 14C age data, four historical freeze–thaw stages were identified. Specifically, one thawing–refreezing stage (2.8–2.2 m), one freezing aggradation stage (2.2–1.6 m), and two permafrost aggradation–degradation cycle stages (4.8–2.8 m; 1.6–0.7 m) were differentiated, which emphasize the importance of climate‐induced freeze–thaw transitions and differing permafrost aggradation processes on ground ice formation and resultant isotope hydrochemical behaviors. This study is the first to use high‐resolution data in ground ice to interpret the freeze–thaw history of permafrost in the SAYR. These findings are important for further understanding of past permafrost evolution and projected future permafrost degradation trends on the QTP, and provide an alternative method to explore permafrost history.
Iterative quantum phase estimation with variationally prepared reference state
Authors: Halder Dipanjali , Prasannaa V. Srinivasa , Agarawal Valay , Maitra Rahul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe iterative quantum phase estimation algorithm (IQPE) is theoretically appealing in its wide scope of being able to handle electronic correlation. However, the quality of the initial input state strongly enhances the probability of landing on the desired eigenstate. In this work, we systematically study two different parametrization schemes of the unitary coupled cluster (UCC) ansätz in the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) framework toward the reference state preparation for IQPE. The efficacy of the UCC variants toward an appropriate state preparation is studied with prototypical H4 molecule on a circle. While the conventional UCC ansätz can lead to high success probability across various degrees of electronic complexity, a resource efficient minimally parametrized UCC ansätz consisting of active space excitations is shown to incorporate the essential static correlation in the reference state description. We demonstrate that such a carefully prepared initial state can significantly reduce the effects of noise due to sampling in the estimation of the desired eigenphase.
An automatic extraction method on medical feature points based on PointNet++ for robot‐assisted knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Weiya , Zhou Haifeng , Yan Yuxin , Cheng Xiao , Yang Peng , Gan Liangzhi , Kuang Shaolong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundImage registration is a crucial technology in robot‐assisted knee arthroplasty, which provides real‐time patient information by registering the pre‐operative image data with data acquired during the operation. The existing registration method requires surgeons to manually pick up medical feature points (i.e. anatomical points) in pre‐operative images, which is time‐consuming and relied on surgeons experience. Moreover, different doctors have different preferences in preoperative planning, which may influence the consistency of surgical results.MethodsA medical feature points automatic extraction method based on PointNet++ named Point_RegNet is proposed to improve the efficiency of preoperative preparation and ensure the consistency of surgical results. The proposed method replaces the classification and segmentation layer of PointNet++ with a regression layer to predict the position of feature points. The comparative experiment is adopted to determine the optimal set of abstraction layers in PointNet++.ResultsThe proposed network with three set abstraction layers is more suitable for extracting feature points. The feature points predictions mean error of our method is less than 5 mm, which is 1 mm less than the manual marking method. Ultimately, our method only requires less than 3 s to extract all medical feature points in practical application. It is much faster than the manual extraction way which usually requires more than half an hour to mark all necessary feature points.ConclusionOur deep learning‐based method can improve the surgery accuracy and reduce the preoperative preparation time. Moreover, this method can also be applied to other surgical navigation systems.
High concentration of dopamine treatment may induce acceleration of human sperm motility
Authors: Kanno Hiroki , Kurata Shouhei , Hiradate Yuuki , Hara Kenshiro , Yoshida Hiroaki , Tanemura Kentaro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeIn humans, catecholamines (including dopamine) have been identified in semen and fallopian tubes, while dopamine D2 receptors (D2DR) are found in the sperm midpiece region. How dopamine dose affects human sperm function and whether dopamine treatment is useful in assisted reproductive technology is unclear.MethodsSperm samples were obtained from patients with normal semen parameters undergoing fertility treatment. We investigated the effects of dopamine treatment on tyrosine phosphorylation and sperm motility. Sperm motility was analyzed using the computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system.ResultsThis study revealed that various dopamine concentrations (0.1–100 μM) did not increase sperm tyrosine phosphorylation. Progressive motility increased substantially when treated with high concentrations of dopamine (10 and 100 μM) and was blocked by raclopride (a D2DR antagonist). After 24‐h sperm culture, the addition of 10 μM dopamine significantly increased curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement, which are indicators of hyperactivation.ConclusionDopamine did not affect tyrosine phosphorylation, but increased sperm motility. High concentrations of dopamine were more effective to accelerate sperm motility in cases where sperm motile capacity was low.
Prestrain Programmable 4D Printing of Nanoceramic Composites with Bioinspired Microstructure
Authors: Li Tian , Liu Quyang , Qi Haobo , Zhai Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFour‐dimensional (4D) printing enables programmable, predictable, and precise shape change of responsive materials to achieve desirable behaviors beyond conventional three‐dimensional (3D) printing. However, applying 4D printing to ceramics remains challenging due to their intrinsic brittleness and inadequate stimuli‐responsive ability. Here, this work proposes a conceptional combination of bioinspired microstructure design and a programmable prestrain approach for 4D printing of nanoceramics. To overcome the flexibility limitation, the bioinspired concentric cylinder structure in the struts of 3D printed lattices are replicated to develop origami nanoceramic composites with high inorganic content (95 wt%). Furthermore, 4D printing is achieved by applying a programmed prestrain to the printed lattices, enabling the desired deformation when the prestrain is released. Due to the bioinspired concentric cylinder microstructures, the printed flexible nanoceramic composites exhibit superior mechanical performance and anisotropic thermal management capability. Further, by introducing oxygen vacancies to the ceramic nanosheets, conductive nanoceramic composites are prepared with a unique sensing capability for various sensing applications. Hence, this research breaks through the limitation of ceramics in 4D printing and achieves high‐performance shape morphing materials for applications under extreme conditions, such as space exploration and high‐temperature systems.
Quantifying the Anomalous Local and Nanostructure Evolutions Induced by Lattice Oxygen Redox in Lithium‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Zhao Enyue , Wu Kang , Zhang Zhigang , Fu Zhendong , Jiang Hanqiu , Ke Yubin , Yin Wen , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya , Wang Fangwei , Zhao Jinkui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to their accessible lattice oxygen redox (l‐OR) at high voltages, Li‐rich layered transition metal (TM) oxides have shown promising potential as candidate cathodes for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries. However, this l‐OR process is also associated with unusual electrochemical issues such as voltage hysteresis and long‐term voltage decay. The structure response mechanism to the l‐OR behavior also remains unclear, hindering rational structure optimizations that would enable practical Li‐rich cathodes. Here, this study reveals a strong coupling between l‐OR and structure dynamic evolutions, as well as their effects on the electrochemical properties. Using the technique of neutron total scattering with pair distribution function analysis and small‐angle neutron scattering, this study quantifies the local TM migration and formation of nanopores that accompany the l‐OR. These experiments demonstrate the causal relationships among l‐OR, the local/nanostructure evolutions, and the unusual electrochemistry. The TM migration triggered by the l‐OR can change local oxygen coordination environments, which results in voltage hysteresis. Coupled with formed oxygen vacancies, it will accelerate the formation of nanopores, inducing a phase transition, and leading to irreversible capacity and long‐cycling voltage fade.
Effects of green tide on microbial communities in waters of the Jiangsu coastal area, China
Authors: Yuan Yiming , Luo Biyun , Li Zhien , He Yanlong , Xia Lihua , Qin Yutao , Wang Teng , Ma Keyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, green tide outbreaks have resulted in severe coastal ecology and economic effects in China. Jiangsu coastal areas are usually the site of early green tide outbreaks. To clarify the effects of green tide outbreaks in Jiangsu coastal areas, this study analyzed microbial communities during green tide‐free and green tide outbreak periods (May and July, respectively) through 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequences were clustered into 4117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 1044 and 3834 of which were obtained from the May and July groups, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that green tide occurrence was closely associated with the temperature, pH, and concentrations of various nutrients. Diversity analysis revealed that the July group had a richer microbial community than the May group, in agreement with the results of propagule culture. Moreover, comparative analysis revealed that samples in the May and July groups clustered together. According to Megan analysis, the May group had much more Psychrobacter, Sulfitobacter, and Marinomonas than the July group, whereas the other genera were predominantly found in July, such as Ascidiacerhabitans, Synechococcus Hydrotalea, and Burkholderia‐Paraburkholderia. These findings suggest that green tide outbreaks affect marine microbial communities, and detecting the changes in the identified genera during green tide outbreaks may contribute to green tide forecasting.Practitioner Points
Jiangsu coastal areas are usually the site of early green tide outbreaks.
Green tide occurrence was related to the concentrations of various nutrients.
Microbial species and community structure significantly changed after green tide outbreak.
Lipid‐based nucleic acid therapeutics with in vivo efficacy
Authors: Sufian Md. Abu , Ilies Marc A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSynthetic vectors for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery are currently competing significantly with their viral counter parts due to their reduced immunogenicity, large payload capacity, and ease of manufacture under GMP‐compliant norms. The approval of Onpattro, a lipid‐based siRNA therapeutic, and the proven clinical success of two lipid‐based COVID‐19 vaccines from Pfizer‐BioNTech, and Moderna heralded the specific advantages of lipid‐based systems among all other synthetic nucleic acid carriers. Lipid‐based systems with diverse payloads—plasmid DNA (pDNA), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA)—are now becoming a mature technology, with growing impact in the clinic. Research over four decades identified the key factors determining the therapeutic success of these multi‐component systems. Here, we discuss the main nucleic acid‐based technologies, presenting their mechanism of action, delivery barriers facing them, the structural properties of the payload as well as the component lipids that regulate physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity of the resultant nanoparticles. We further detail on the formulation parameters, evolution of the manufacturing techniques that generate reproducible and scalable outputs, and key manufacturing aspects that enable control over physicochemical properties of the resultant particles. Preclinical applications of some of these formulations that were successfully translated from in vitro studies to animal models are subsequently discussed. Finally, clinical success and failure of these systems starting from 1993 to present are highlighted, in a holistic literature review focused on lipid‐based nucleic acid delivery systems.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Brazil–Japan Relationship: A Partnership?
Authors: de Oliveira Henrique Altemani , Lessa Antonio Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to reassess the Brazil–Japan relationship, with emphasis on the post-Cold War era, and including brief comments on their previous relations. To comprehend their relationship’s meaning and mutual expectations, this reinterpretation focuses on strategies, characteristics, and means of cooperation in the political, economic, commercial, and technological dimensions. Initially, we will discuss the concept of strategic partnership and the Brazil–Japan relationship during the Cold War in three moments with differing emphases. Then, we will analyze the first attempts to resume the bilateral relationship in the 1990s, highlighting the role played by the Asian financial crisis in the rapprochement during the twenty-first century, with the landmark moments of the formation of the G4 in 2004, the adoption of the Japanese Digital TV system in 2006, and the celebration of 100 years of Japanese immigration in Brazil in 2008. Finally, we will comment on the former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s efforts to consolidate the partnership after the global financial crisis (2008) and the effects of China’s growing presence in Latin America.