bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Much to do about identity: Successful women in science reflect on their school years
Authors: Hall Jonathan L. , Butler Malcolm B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study presents the recollections of 12 successful women in science during their school years before postsecondary education. The participants shared detailed descriptions of their science experiences through three semi‐structured interviews. An identity works conceptual framework consisting of figured worlds, positioning, and agency constructs to portray the complex dynamics of their experiences was used to analyze the data. The following four themes emerged from the data analysis: participants had an early interest in mathematics and science; they were “stubbornly” persistent in science‐figured worlds; they engaged in science‐figured worlds beyond school; and they positioned themselves as science leaders. These findings add to the evolution of science identity development theoretical models because they are from a nondeficit perspective. Participants engaged in identity work that advanced their science identities despite the gender biases in science‐figured worlds. From a practical stance, girls and women could employ the agentic and positive positioning identity work that the findings show to develop their science identity in educational contexts. Science educators and researchers are encouraged to structure figured worlds where girls feel empowered to enact identity work to build strong science identities.
The Arabidopsis transcription factorTCP9modulates root architectural plasticity, reactive oxygen species‐mediated processes, and tolerance to cyst nematode infections
Authors: Willig Jaap‐Jan , Guarneri Nina , van Steenbrugge Joris J. M. , de Jong Willem , Chen Jingrong , Goverse Aska , Lozano Torres José L. , Sterken Mark G. , Bakker Jaap , Smant Geert 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYInfections by root‐feeding nematodes have profound effects on root system architecture and consequently shoot growth of host plants. Plants harbor intraspecific variation in their growth responses to belowground biotic stresses by nematodes, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that the transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR‐9 (TCP9) modulates root system architectural plasticity inArabidopsis thalianain response to infections by the endoparasitic cyst nematodeHeterodera schachtii. Young seedlings oftcp9knock‐out mutants display a significantly weaker primary root growth inhibition response to cyst nematodes than wild‐type Arabidopsis. In older plants,tcp9reduces the impact of nematode infections on the emergence and growth of secondary roots. Importantly, the altered growth responses bytcp9are most likely not caused by less biotic stress on the root system, because TCP9 does not affect the number of infections, nematode development, and size of the nematode‐induced feeding structures. RNA‐sequencing of nematode‐infected roots of thetcp9mutants revealed differential regulation of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress. We also found that root and shoot growth oftcp9mutants is less sensitive to exogenous hydrogen peroxide and that ROS accumulation in nematode infection sites in these mutants is reduced. Altogether, these observations demonstrate that TCP9 modulates the root system architectural plasticity to nematode infections via ROS‐mediated processes. Our study further points at a novel regulatory mechanism contributing to the tolerance of plants to root‐feeding nematodes by mitigating the impact of belowground biotic stresses.
Do imports of intermediate inputs generate higher productivity? Evidence from Ecuadorian manufacturing firms
Authors: Camino‐Mogro Segundo , Carrillo‐Maldonado Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the causal effect of importing on firm productivity. We use an augmented Cobb–Douglas production function in which the static and dynamic effects of importing and exporting are estimated for formal manufacturing firms in Ecuador. We use a rich administrative data set that covers the period 2007–2018 and estimate total factor productivity (TFP) at the firm level. Our results show that both static and dynamic effects are important sources of gains from importing. We find that static and dynamic gains in productivity from importing intermediates are higher in more innovative industries than in less innovative industries, which implies an industrial heterogeneity effect. We also find that the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestic intermediates in all the industries are substitute inputs. Finally, we provide robust evidence in favour of self‐selection on the entry and exit side sides of the market. Our estimation results provide support to the learning‐by‐importing hypothesis.
Chronic reduction of store operated Ca2+ entry is viable therapeutically but is associated with cardiovascular complications
Authors: Yu Fang , Courjaret Raphael , Elmi Asha , Adap Ethel Alcantara , Orie Nelson N. , Zghyer Fawzi , Hubrack Satanay , Hayat Sajad , Asaad Nidal , Worgall Stefan , Suthanthiran Manikkam , Ali Vidya Mohamed , Machaca Khaled 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLoss of function mutations in store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) are associated with severe paediatric disorders in humans, including combined immunodeficiency, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, anhidrosis and muscle hypotonia. Given its central role in immune cell activation, SOCE has been a therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Treatment for such chronic diseases would require prolonged SOCE inhibition. It is, however, unclear whether chronic SOCE inhibition is viable therapeutically. Here we address this issue using a novel genetic mouse model (SOCE hypomorph) with deficient SOCE, nuclear factor of activated T cells activation, and T cell cytokine production. SOCE hypomorph mice develop and reproduce normally and do not display muscle weakness or overt anhidrosis. They do, however, develop cardiovascular complications, including hypertension and tachycardia, which we show are due to increased sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity and not cardiac or vascular smooth muscle autonomous defects. These results assert that chronic SOCE inhibition is viable therapeutically if the cardiovascular complications can be managed effectively clinically. They further establish the SOCE hypomorph line as a genetic model to define the therapeutic window of SOCE inhibition and dissect toxicities associated with chronic SOCE inhibition in a tissue‐specific fashion.
imageKey points
A floxed stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) hypomorph mouse model was generated with significant reduction in Ca2+ influx through store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), resulting in defective nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytokine production and inflammatory response. The hypomorph mice are viable and fertile, with no overt defects.
Decreased SOCE in the hypomorph mice is due to poor translocation of the mutant STIM1 to endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites resulting in fewer STIM1 puncta.
Hypomorph mice have similar susceptibility to controls to develop diabetes but exhibit tachycardia and hypertension. The hypertension is not due to increased vascular smooth muscle contractility or vascular remodelling.
The tachycardia is not due to heart‐specific defects but rather seems to be due to increased circulating catecholamines in the hypomorph.
Therefore, long term SOCE inhibition is viable if the cardiovascular defects can be managed clinically.
Higgs-mass prediction in the NMSSM with heavy BSM particles
Authors: Bagnaschi Emanuele , Goodsell Mark , Slavich Pietro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe address the prediction for the mass of the SM-like Higgs boson in NMSSM scenarios where all BSM particles, including the singlets, have masses at the TeV scale. We provide a full one-loop computation of the matching condition for the quartic Higgs coupling in the NMSSM, supplemented with the two-loop contributions that involve the strong gauge coupling. We discuss the impact of the one- and two-loop corrections that are specific to the NMSSM on the prediction for the Higgs mass, and propose a method to estimate of the uncertainty associated with the uncomputed higher-order terms. Finally, we illustrate how the measured value of the Higgs mass can be used to constrain some yet-unmeasured parameters of the NMSSM.
Construction of Nomogram-Based Prediction Model for Clinical Prognosis of Patients with Stage II and III Colon Cancer Who Underwent Xelox Chemotherapy after Laparoscopic Radical Resection
Authors: Sun Qiang , Xu Kai , Teng Shifeng , Wang Wenqiang , Zhang Wei , Li Xinxing , Hu Zhiqian 
Published: October 2022

Objective. To construct a nomogram-based prediction model for the clinical prognosis of patients with stage II and III colon cancer who underwent Xelox chemotherapy after laparoscopic radical resection based on large data sets. Methods. A total of 7,832 patients with colorectal cancer who received postoperative Xelox-based chemotherapy were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (USA) as the training data set. In addition, 348 domestic patients were screened as the validation data set. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify variables for inclusion in the nomogram-based prediction model. The predictive accuracy of the model was assessed using C-index and calibration curve. Results. Age, cell differentiation, nerve invasion, T and N stages of tumours, number of dissected lymph nodes, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level were found to influence the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy. The nomogram-based prediction model was successfully constructed. The C-index of both the training set and validation set were higher than those of the 7th edition of TNM staging system published by the American Joint Commission on Cancer (

C
−
index

of

training

data

set
=
0.728

,

C
−
index

of

validation

data

set
=
0.734

). The prediction results of the model in the calibration curve showed a good fit with the actual situation. Conclusion. We successfully constructed a nomogram-based model to predict the clinical prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer receiving postoperative Xelox-based chemotherapy after laparoscopic radical resection, which showed good clinical application value for predicting the efficacy of postoperative Xelox-based chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer.
Evaluation of xylem maturation and among-site variation in the anatomical characteristics of Betula platyphylla growing naturally in Mongolia
Authors: Erdene-Ochir Togtokhbayar , Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Tumenjargal Bayasaa , Baasan Bayartsetseg , Chultem Ganbaatar , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, a fast-growing pioneer tree, is an important species for wood resources in boreal regions and steppe areas in Mongolia. We examined the anatomy and maturation of wood in 30 B. platyphylla trees growing in natural populations in three different sites in Mandal, Selenge, Mongolia to clarify the relationship between tree growth and wood formation. Core samples, 5 mm in diameter, were collected from 30 trees with the mean stem diameter at each site. The radial variations in the anatomical characteristics were evaluated using linear or nonlinear mixed-effects models. Almost all measured anatomical characteristics increased from the pith to the bark. Fiber length showed an annual increase of over 1% up to about the 20th annual ring from the pith, beyond which the increase was less than 1%, suggesting that xylem maturation started around the 20th annual ring. The growth rate at the early growth stage did not affect the annual ring number where xylem maturation began. The linear mixed-effects model revealed a site variation in wood fiber wall thickness. Thus, in combination with previous research results with this species, we believe that the selection of superior trees with thicker fiber walls might be possible for future tree breeding programs aimed at improving wood quality for pulp and paper raw materials and the production of solid wood and wood-based materials.
Wood anatomy of 13 species from a successional tropical dry forest: description and ecological implications
Authors: Romero Eunice , Terrazas Teresa , González Edgar J. , Meave Jorge A. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Successional tropical dry forest (TDF) species face water scarcity in the harsh dry season. Wood features provide insight into potential hydraulic stress coping mechanisms. Here, we describe the wood anatomy of 13 species occurring frequently in successional TDF. Given the marked rainfall seasonality of TDF, we expected these species to share conspicuous growth rings boundaries and drought-adapted anatomical features such as paratracheal parenchyma; although given the taxonomic and phenological diversity, a high wood diversity was also expected. Most species have diffuse-porosity. Axial parenchyma is diversely associated with vessels. Simple perforation plates are common and exclusive to all species. Different features poorly delimit growth boundaries, as previously observed in other tropical species. The main ground tissue is diverse, including nonseptate fibers, septate living fibers, or exclusively parenchyma. Axial and radial parenchyma may be scarce, abundant, or represent the main and unlignified ground tissue component. Vessel grouping ranges from solitary and 2–29 vessels per group. The mean vessel diameter range is ⩽50–200 μm; fiber walls are very thin to very thick. The anatomical features recorded among successional TDF species suggest different water stress coping mechanisms resulting from various anatomical combinations. Seven species exhibit wood features associated with drought tolerance (higher hydraulic redundancy, higher mechanical resistance, with vessel-ray connectivity likely given by banded parenchyma), whereas six species share xylem features associated with drought avoidance (taller and wider rays indicating higher water storage capacity). The complexity and multifunctionality of stem woody tissue should caution us against oversimplifying the relationship between anatomy, function, and ecological performance of TDF species.
Do All Languages Share the Same Conceptual Structure?
Authors: Bacelar Valente Mario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, we consider the views of three exponents of major areas of linguistics – Levelt (psycholinguistics), Jackendoff (theoretical linguistics), and Gil (field linguistics) – regarding the issue of the universality or not of the conceptual structure of languages. In Levelt’s view, during language production, the conceptual structure of the preverbal message is language-specific. In Jackendoff’s theoretical approach to language – his parallel architecture – there is a universal conceptual structure shared by all languages, in contradiction to Levelt’s view. In Gil’s work on Riau Indonesian, he proposes a conceptual structure that is quite different from that of English, adopted by Jackendoff as universal. We find no reason to disagree with Gil’s view. In this way, we take Gil’s work as vindicating Levelt’s view that during language production preverbal messages are encoded with different conceptual structures for different languages.
Suprasegmentals: An Exercise in Cognitive Phonology
Authors: Hamawand Zeki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study provides an analysis of suprasegmental units in English within the framework of Cognitive Phonology, including stress, intonation and juncture. In this regard, two aspects are explained. The first is integration: the way the subparts are combined to form a composite structure. This is done by means of pivotal mechanisms, where the integration of segmentals and suprasegmentals are subject to correspondence, determinacy, elaboration and constituency. The second is interpretation: the way the meaning of the resulting composite structure is explained. This is done by means of construal, where the use of a suprasegmental unit is the outcome of the specific construal the speaker chooses to describe a situation. The aim is to show, through examples, that the use of a suprasegmental unit is a manifestation of a communicative intention. The implication is that suprasegmental units are essential; they are cognitive operations carried out on the baseline, and so conveyors of meaning. As an aspect of language, suprasegmental units can be described as an instance of B/E organization, where a word, phrase or sentence represents the baseline, while the suprasegmenal unit represents the elaboration.
Resident Perspectives on the Value of Rural General Surgery Rotations: It’s Not Just About the Cases
Authors: Hughes Dorothy , Wood Rebekah , Woods Randy , Sarap Michael 
Published: October 2022

Purpose Understand the scope of cases that residents participate in during rural general surgery rotations and the value residents and program directors find in such rotations. In turn, our goal is to add to the ongoing conversation the value exposure to rural surgery brings to surgery training. Methods Qualitative study analyzed reviews of residents’ self-reported case lists and field notes from exit interviews with the site director. Results Trainees participated in an average of 105 cases during the rotation, including basic and advanced endoscopy along with exposure to a wide array of surgical cases. Residents had exposure to the rural facility and its staff and participated in a busy outpatient surgical clinic, the hospital, and community activities. We received overwhelmingly positive qualitative feedback from residents regarding how this rural rotation advanced their skills, helped prepare them for life after residency, and for some confirmed their plans to practice in a rural location. Conclusion With the decline in the number of rural general surgeons and projected continuance of this trend, it is important to understand how trainees view their residency experiences and how those experiences may be shaping their outlook on career choices. Our single-site, qualitative study showed that a rural general surgery rotation during residency has broad importance and value in general surgery resident training. Having a rural rotation also allowed residents to gain understanding of a rural lifestyle, workflow, and the social fabric including the rural surgeons’ connections with their communities.
Transcriptomic analysis of paternal behaviors in prairie voles
Authors: Duclot Florian , Liu Yan , Saland Samantha K. , Wang Zuoxin , Kabbaj Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The importance of fathers’ engagement in care and its critical role in the offspring’s cognitive and emotional development is now well established. Yet, little is known on the underlying neurobiology due to the lack of appropriate animal models. In the socially monogamous and bi-parental prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), while 60–80% of virgin males show spontaneous paternal behaviors (Paternal), others display pup-directed aggression (Attackers). Here we took advantage of this phenotypic dichotomy and used RNA-sequencing in three important brain areas to characterize gene expression associated with paternal behaviors of Paternal males and compare it to experienced Fathers and Mothers.

Results
While Paternal males displayed the same range and extent of paternal behaviors as experienced Fathers, we observed structure-specific transcriptomic differences between parental behaviors phenotypes. Using differential expression, gene set expression, as well as co-expression network analyses, we found that phenotypic differences between Paternal males and Attackers were mainly reflected by the lateral septum (LS), and to a lower extent, the nucleus accumbens (NAc), transcriptomes. In the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the profiles of gene expression mainly reflected differences between females and males regardless of their parental behaviors phenotype. Functional enrichment analyses of those gene sets associated with Paternal males or Attackers in the LS and the NAc revealed the involvement of processes related to the mitochondria, RNA translation, protein degradation processes, as well as epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

Conclusions
By leveraging the natural phenotypic differences in parental behaviors in virgin male prairie voles alongside fathers and mothers, we identified a marked structure- and phenotype-specific pattern of gene expression associated with spontaneous paternal behaviors independently from fatherhood and pair-bonding. The LS transcriptome related to the mitochondria, RNA translation, and protein degradation processes was thus highlighted as a primary candidate associated with the spontaneous display of paternal behaviors. Altogether, our observations further characterize the behavioral and transcriptomic signature of parental behaviors in the socially monogamous prairie vole and lay the groundwork to further our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of paternal behavior.
Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of maize CMS-S subtypes provides new insights into male sterility stability
Authors: Xiao Senlin , Xing Jingfeng , Nie Tiange , Su Aiguo , Zhang Ruyang , Zhao Yanxin , Song Wei , Zhao Jiuran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a trait of economic importance in the production of hybrid seeds. In CMS-S maize, exerted anthers appear frequently in florets of field-grown female populations where only complete male-sterile plants were expected. It has been reported that these reversions are associated with the loss of sterility-conferring regions or other rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and sterility stability is largely unknown.ResultsIn this study, we determined the ratio of plants carrying exerted anthers in the population of two CMS-S subtypes. The subtype with a high ratio of exerted anthers was designated as CMS-Sa, and the other with low ratio was designated as CMS-Sb. Through next-generation sequencing, we assembled and compared mitochondrial genomes of two CMS-S subtypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed strong similarities between the two mitochondrial genomes. The sterility-associated regions, S plasmids, and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) were intact in both genomes. The two subtypes maintained high transcript levels of the sterility geneorf355in anther tissue. Most of the functional genes/proteins were identical at the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence levels in the two subtypes, except forNADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(nad1). In the mitochondrial genome of CMS-Sb, a 3.3-kilobase sequence containingnad1-exon1 was absent from the second copy of the 17-kb repeat region. Consequently, we detected two copies ofnad1-exon1 in CMS-Sa, but only one copy in CMS-Sb. During pollen development,nad1transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis were induced in anthers of CMS-Sa, but not in those of CMS-Sb. We suggest that the impaired mitochondrial function in the anthers of CMS-Sb is associated with its more stable sterility.ConclusionsComprehensive analyses revealed diversity in terms of the copy number of the mitochondrial genenad1-exon1 between two subtypes of CMS-S maize. This difference in copy number affected the transcript levels ofnad1and mitochondrial biogenesis in anther tissue, and affected the reversion rate of CMS-S maize. The results of this study suggest the involvement of mitochondrial robustness in modulation of sterility stability in CMS-S maize.