bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating thermoelectric power plant water use into multi-objective optimal power flow
Authors: Kravits Jacob , Kasprzyk Joseph R , Baker Kyri , Stillwell Ashlynn S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Traditionally, power systems have been operated to minimize cost while maintaining reliability. However, extreme weather and demand events can affect traditional thermoelectric power generation operations due to their reliance on water for cooling. This paper contributes a novel multi-objective formulation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem where cost, water withdrawal, and water consumption are minimized. Through this formulation, we assign optimization weights to water withdrawn and consumed, which can be directly incorporated into existing OPF formulations. We apply this formulation with a global mapping sensitivity analysis to a realistic case study to first demonstrate its general effectiveness under extreme climatic, hydrologic, and operational scenarios. Then, we apply a global ranking sensitivity analysis to determine the most influential generators for system performance. Through this operational scenario analysis framework, analysts can gain insights into potential system-level and component-level vulnerabilities within power systems. Such insights can be useful for informing both short-term operations as well as long-term power system planning.
A sharp discrepancy bound for jittered sampling
Authors: Doerr Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

For

m
,
d
∈

N

m, d \in {\mathbb N}

, a jittered (or stratified) sampling point set

P
P

having

N
=

m
d

N = m^d

points in

[
0
,
1

)
d

[0,1)^d

is constructed by partitioning the unit cube

[
0
,
1

)
d

[0,1)^d

into

m
d

m^d

axis-aligned cubes of equal size and then placing one point independently and uniformly at random in each cube. We show that there are constants

c
>
0

c > 0

and

C
C

such that for all

d
d

and all

m
≥
d

m \ge d

the expected non-normalized star discrepancy of a jittered sampling point set satisfies
\[

c

d

m

d
−
1

2

1
+
log
⁡
(

m
d

)

≤

E

D
∗

(
P
)
≤
C

d

m

d
−
1

2

1
+
log
⁡
(

m
d

)

.

c \,dm^{\frac {d-1}{2}} \sqrt {1 + \log (\tfrac md)} \le {\mathbb E} D^*(P) \le C\, dm^{\frac {d-1}{2}} \sqrt {1 + \log (\tfrac md)}.

\]
This discrepancy is thus smaller by a factor of

Θ

(

(

1
+
log
⁡
(
m

/

d
)

m

/

d

)

1

/

2

)

\Theta \big (\big (\frac {1+\log (m/d)}{m/d}\big )^{1/2}\big )

than the one of a uniformly distributed random point set (Monte Carlo point set) of cardinality

m
d

m^d

. This result improves both the upper and the lower bound for the discrepancy of jittered sampling given by Pausinger and Steinerberger [J. Complexity 33 (2016), pp. 199–216]. It also removes the asymptotic requirement that

m
m

is sufficiently large compared to

d
d

.
Taken to heart—arrhythmic potential of heart-leaf sida, a banned ephedrine alkaloid: a case report
Authors: Cheng Evaline , Hsiao Ruth , Feliciano Zenaida , Betancourt Jaime , Han Janet K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Ephedra and ephedrine alkaloids were commonly used in herbal supplements before being prohibited by the European Commission and US Food and Drug Administration. However, ongoing, unknowing use by consumers can lead to potential adverse cardiovascular effects, such as arrhythmias.

Case summary
A 65-year-old-man with a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis status post-right single lung transplant was admitted for dizziness and resting tachycardia. Electrocardiogram showed a narrow complex, long R-P tachycardia with upright P-waves in lead V1. An initial workup suggested an arrhythmia associated with the consumption of an herbal supplement containing heart-leaf sida, a banned botanical ephedrine alkaloid. After the supplement was discontinued, the patient’s heart rate abruptly decreased without other intervention. Electrocardiogram showed a change in P-wave morphology in lead V1 from upright to biphasic (+/−) after conversion to normal sinus rhythm. Thus, a diagnosis of atrial tachycardia originating at or near the donor right superior pulmonary vein was favoured.

Discussion
Atrial tachycardia can be precipitated by the proarrhythmic effects of ephedrine alkaloids, especially in patients with underlying risk factors and susceptible atrial anatomical substrate post-lung transplantation. Despite being banned by the European Union and the USA, ephedrine alkaloids continue to be used in over-the-counter herbal supplements and may go undetected by consumers. Ongoing vigilance for ephedrine alkaloids, more rigorous regulation, and active patient education can help reduce potential cardiovascular adverse events.
Contrasting effects of genotype and root size on the fungal and bacterial communities associated with apple rootstocks
Authors: Liu Jia , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Wasserman Birgit , Wisniewski Michael , Droby Samir , Fazio Gennaro , Mazzola Mark , Wu Xuehong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The endophytic microbiome of plants is believed to have a significant impact on its physiology and disease resistance, however, the role of host genotype in determining the composition of the endophytic microbiome of apple root systems remains an open question that has important implications for defining breeding objectives. In the current study, the bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with four different apple rootstocks planted in April, 2018 in the same soil environment and harvested in May, 2019 were evaluated to determine the role of genotype on the composition of both the bacterial and fungal communities. Results demonstrated a clear impact of genotype and root size on microbial composition and diversity. The fungal community was more affected by plant genotype whereas the bacterial community was shaped by root size. Fungal and bacterial abundance was equal between different-sized roots however, significantly higher microbial counts were detected in rhizosphere samples compared to root endosphere samples. This study provides information that can be used to develop a comprehensive and readily applicable understanding of the impact of genotype and environmental factors on the establishment of plant microbiome, as well as its potential function and impact on host physiology.
Construction of a high-density genetic map based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and identification of loci controlling anthocyanin pigmentation in Yunnan red radish
Authors: Tao Jing , Li Shikai , Wang Qian , Yuan Yi , Ma Jiqiong , Xu Minghui , Yang Yi , Zhang Cui , Chen Lijuan , Sun Yiding 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the family Brassicaceae. The Yunnan red radish variety contains relatively large amounts of anthocyanins, making them important raw materials for producing edible red pigment. However, the genetic mechanism underlying this pigmentation has not been fully characterized. Here, the radish inbred line YAAS-WR1 (white root skin and white root flesh) was crossed with the inbred line YAAS-RR1 (red root skin and red root flesh) to produce F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 populations. Genetic analyses revealed that the pigmented/non-pigmented and purple/red traits were controlled by two genetic loci. The F2 population and the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique were used to construct a high-density genetic map (1230.16 cM), which contained 4032 markers distributed in nine linkage groups, with a mean distance between markers of 0.31 cM. Additionally, two quantitative trait loci (QAC1 and QAC2) considerably affecting radish pigmentation were detected. A bioinformatics analysis of the QAC1 region identified 58 predicted protein-coding genes. Of these, RsF3′H, which is related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, was revealed as a likely candidate gene responsible for the purple/red trait. The results were further verified by analyzing gene structure and expression. Regarding QAC2, RsMYB1.3 was determined to be a likely candidate gene important for the pigmented/non-pigmented trait, with a 4-bp insertion in the first exon that introduced a premature termination codon in the YAAS-WR1 sequence. Assays demonstrated that RsMYB1.3 interacted with RsTT8 and activated RsTT8 and RsUFGT expression. These findings may help clarify the complex regulatory mechanism underlying radish anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, this study’s results may be relevant for the molecular breeding of radish to improve the anthocyanin content and appearance of the taproots.
Genomic population structure and local adaptation of the wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis
Authors: Hu Yuxi , Feng Chao , Yang Lihua , Edger Patrick P , Kang Ming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The crop wild relative Fragaria nilgerrensis is adapted to a variety of diverse habitats across its native range in China. Thus, discoveries made in this species could serve as a useful guide in the development of new superior strawberry cultivars that are resilient to new or variable environments. However, the genetic diversity and genetic architecture of traits in this species underlying important adaptive traits remain poorly understood. Here, we used whole-genome resequencing data from 193 F. nilgerrensis individuals spanning the distribution range in China to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and genomic basis of local adaptation. We identified four genetic groups, with the western group located in Hengduan Mountains exhibiting the highest genetic diversity. Redundancy analysis suggested that both environment and geographic variables shaped a significant proportion of the genomic variation. Our analyses revealed that the environmental difference explains more of the observed genetic variation than geographic distance. This suggests that adaptation to distinct habitats, which present a unique combination of abiotic factors, likely drove genetic differentiation. Lastly, by implementing selective sweep scans and genome–environment association analysis throughout the genome, we identified the genetic variation associated with local adaptation and investigated the functions of putative candidate genes in F. nilgerrensis.
The callus formation capacity of strawberry leaf explants is modulated by DNA methylation
Authors: Liu Decai , Mu Qin , Li Xianyang , Xu Sheng , Li Yi , Gu Tingting 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Shoot regeneration from leaf tissue requires the de-differentiation of cells from a highly differentiated state into an actively dividing state, but it remains unclear how this physiological transition occurs and is regulated, especially at the epigenetic level. Here, we characterized the DNA methylome represented by 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in leaf and callus tissue derived from leaf explants of woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca. We detected an overall increase in DNA methylation and distinct 5mC enrichment patterns in the CG, CHG, and CHH sequence contexts in genes and transposable elements. Our analyses revealed an intricate relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression level in leaves or leaf-derived callus. However, when considering the genes involved in callus formation and shoot regeneration, e.g. FvePLT3/7, FveWIND3, FveWIND4, FveLOG4 and FveIAA14, their dynamic transcription levels were associated with differentially methylated regions located in the promoters or gene bodies, indicating a regulatory role of DNA methylation in the transcriptional regulation of pluripotency acquisition in strawberry. Furthermore, application of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5′-azacytidine (5′-Aza) hampered both callus formation and shoot regeneration from the leaf explants. We further showed that 5′-Aza downregulated the expression of genes involved in cell wall integrity, such as expansin, pectin lyase, and pectin methylesterase genes, suggesting an essential role of cell wall metabolism during callus formation. This study reveals the contribution of DNA methylation to callus formation capacity and will provide a basis for developing a strategy to improve shoot regeneration for basic and applied research applications.
Primary care telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s choice of video versus telephone visit
Authors: Huang Jie , Graetz Ilana , Millman Andrea , Gopalan Anjali , Lee Catherine , Muelly Emilie , Reed Mary E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the association between patient characteristics and primary care telemedicine choice among integrated delivery system patients self-scheduling visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between the choice of video versus telephone and patient sociodemographic characteristics and technology access among patient-initiated primary care telemedicine visits scheduled online from March to October 2020. Among 978 272 patient-scheduled primary care telemedicine visits, 39% were video visits. Patients of Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, or living in low socioeconomic status or low internet access neighborhoods were less likely to schedule video visits. Patients 65 years or older, with prior video visit experience or mobile portal access, or visiting their own personal provider were more likely to schedule video visits. While video adoption was substantial in all patient groups examined, differences in telemedicine choice suggest the persistence of a digital divide, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a telephone telemedicine option.
Measuring intraoperative surgical instrument use with radio-frequency identification
Authors: Hill Ian , Olivere Lindsey , Helmkamp Joshua , Le Elliot , Hill Westin , Wahlstedt John , Khoury Phillip , Gloria Jared , Richard Marc J , Rosenberger Laura H , Codd Patrick J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Surgical instrument oversupply drives cost, confusion, and workload in the operating room. With an estimated 78%–87% of instruments being unused, many health systems have recognized the need for supply refinement. By manually recording instrument use and tasking surgeons to review instrument trays, previous quality improvement initiatives have achieved an average 52% reduction in supply. While demonstrating the degree of instrument oversupply, previous methods for identifying required instruments are qualitative, expensive, lack scalability and sustainability, and are prone to human error. In this work, we aim to develop and evaluate an automated system for measuring surgical instrument use.

Materials and Methods
We present the first system to our knowledge that automates the collection of real-time instrument use data with radio-frequency identification (RFID). Over 15 breast surgeries, 10 carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroplasties, and 4 craniotomies, instrument use was tracked by both a trained observer manually recording instrument use and the RFID system.

Results
The average Cohen’s Kappa agreement between the system and the observer was 0.81 (near perfect agreement), and the system enabled a supply reduction of 50.8% in breast and orthopedic surgery. Over 10 monitored breast surgeries and 1 CMC arthroplasty with reduced trays, no eliminated instruments were requested, and both trays continue to be used as the supplied standard. Setup time in breast surgery decreased from 23 min to 17 min with the reduced supply.

Conclusion
The RFID system presented herein achieves a novel data stream that enables accurate instrument supply optimization.
Processions, Power, and Community Identity: East and West
Authors: Brubaker Leslie , Wickham Chris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This comparative chapter looks at the different ways in which processions (whether liturgical, triumphal, or otherwise) strengthen the social cohesion among participants and onlookers alike. As such processions are unfolding, they become flashpoints for imperial or religious authority, highly public events that serve to remind everybody involved of the social and hierarchical makeup of society. At the same time, their prescriptions and descriptions—everything from panegyrics exalting the organization to the routes to be followed within and around a city—latch on to long traditions and emphasize that any given procession is, in fact, part of a much longer process. In the right hands, processions may anchor a community to an even larger social whole by means of the persons, institutions, and buildings involved. Conversely, their highly public nature also makes them exponents for social change, whether at the hands of the authorities themselves or of those who find themselves on the outside looking in. Comparing the uses and development of this phenomenon in both the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, this chapter sheds new light on the many practices of community in the (post-)Roman world—at times uniform but also highly diversified by necessity.
Studying Jewish Resistance
Authors: Einwohner Rachel L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 opens with a description of the memorials along the Path of Remembrance in Warsaw, in what used to be the Warsaw Ghetto—home to nearly one-half million Jews during World War II. Many of these monuments honor the memory of those who participated in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943. Yet while these memorials help dispel the prevailing myth of Jewish passivity, they also call attention to something that is hard to explain. This chapter establishes the book’s overall question: rather than asking why Jews didn’t resist, it asks why they did resist. It also describes the book’s social scientific approach to answering this question, including its use of comparative-historical sociology and archived Holocaust testimonies.
Understanding Resistance
Authors: Einwohner Rachel L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 presents the book’s theoretical argument, which goes beyond existing theories of social movement emergence. Drawing on work on threat assessment and framing in social movements, it argues that the armed resistance in the ghettos rested on critical conclusions and resonant responses. First, based on their assessments of the threats facing them, Jews in each ghetto reached conclusions about whether they were likely to survive. If survival was possible then taking up arms against the Nazis was foolhardy, but a firm belief in the inevitability of their deaths made armed resistance acceptable. Second, Jews in the ghettos had to fashion responses to that perceived threat that matched meaningfully, or resonated, with how they framed their circumstances. The three-case comparison demonstrates that framing and assessments of threat varied across the three ghettos and help explain why a sustained uprising happened in Warsaw but not in Vilna or Łódź.
Competing Visions in the Vilna Ghetto
Authors: Einwohner Rachel L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 shows why members of the United Partisans Organization (Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye, or FPO), a resistance organization in the Vilna ghetto, planned for an armed ghetto uprising similar to what happened in Warsaw but were not able to achieve that goal. In Vilna, young activists both reached the critical conclusion of hopelessness and equated armed resistance with an honorable death. These assessments and frames were summarized in FPO leader Abba Kovner’s famous 1941 manifesto calling on Jews not to go “like sheep to the slaughter.” However, multiple conclusions and competing resonant responses to the threat of ghetto life prevented the activists from attracting wide support. In particular, Nazi-appointed Ghetto Chief Jacob Gens opposed resistance and encouraged the ghetto community instead to “work to live.” Rather than fight in the ghetto, the FPO fled Vilna for the nearby forests and resisted as members of partisan units.
Introduction
Authors: Drake Jamil W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Critics have discussed how the “black” underclass concept has shaped perceptions and policies on poverty and welfare in urban America after World War II. The concept was used to classify and explain deficient and pathological behaviors of black urban communities in urban ghettos. These critics have rightly traced the racially tinged concept to liberal scientists and policymakers before neoconservative scientists and policymakers popularized it to bolster their neoliberal platform of small government and mass incarceration. For many, the concept reduces policy debates on race and poverty to individual responsibility and moral and cultural behaviors. To Know the Soul of a People intervenes in the discussion by highlighting another concept that laid the foundation to the black underclass concept: Folk Negro. Early twentieth-century liberal social scientists and reformers used the folk to note the moral and cultural deficits of the Black poor communities in the rural South. By showing the folk concept in poverty debates, this chapter also notes how religion was a factor in framing the moral and cultural deficits of the black southerners. Folk is the precusor of the underclass concept.
Moralizing the Folk
Authors: Drake Jamil W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 sets the tone of the book by discussing the early social scientific work of Howard Odum, a budding progressive white southern sociologist. Born in 1884 in Bethlehem, Georgia, Howard Odum organized his two dissertations at Clark and Columbia Universities around what he considered to be his special collection of black “folk” spirituals and other religious and “secular” expressions. Odum thought that the significance of the folk songs and expressions was not about preserving a “vanishing past.” Rather, as the chapter shows, he thought they were treasures that could solve the race problem in the American South by providing progressive reformers with a scientific knowledge of the collective mind, otherwise known as soul, of the black folk (note that the opening line of his dissertation is the title of this book: To Know the Soul of a People). This chapter shows that he used folk to frame religious expressions in order to show the inherited race traits of the black masses or unrefined people. It argues that the folk category used to frame religious expressions was designed to disclose the natural mental and moral deficits of the Black southerners, an underdeveloped population. And their religion was “folk” because it did not cultivate the necessary mental and moral equipment to be a self-controlled, dependable, and efficient laboring class. But his use of the folk, as this chapter notes, was an abstraction that obscured the everyday worlds of Black southerners and their religious cultures in the small towns in Jim Crow Georgia and Mississippi.
Assimilating the Folk
Authors: Drake Jamil W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 chronicles the St. Helena study sponsored by University of North Carolina’s Institute for Research in the Social Sciences (IRSS) and the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) a year before the 1929 stock market crash. The St. Helena study was a comprehensive social scientific study that examined the Black yeoman farming families off the Carolina Coast. IRSS’s newly minted professor, Guy Benton Johnson, added to the field study by examining what he called the “folk” spirituals and beliefs of the families. Rejecting the African survivals thesis (à la J. G. Ballanta) and race traits (à la Howard Odum), Johnson instead argued that the Sea Island spirituals of the Black landowners were derived from white populations, dating back to the Protestant revivals and camp-meetings, particularly during the antebellum period. Johnson used the folk category to show how the Sea Island spirituals and broader revival Protestantism were products of their cultural and regional isolation from the modern worlds of transportation, radio, print culture, and motion pictures. His use of the folk was a part of the IRSS’s call for “social planning” to regionally develop the agricultural South, which included Black farmers, whom they considered invaluable to the region’s economic development. Examining the “Chapel Hill” group, “folk,” as used by Johnson, recycled racial hierarchy while seeking to privilege class and rural environment in the study of Black small landowners.