bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered colorectal cancer tissue recapitulates key attributes of a patient-derived xenograft tumor line
Authors: Hassani Iman , Anbiah Benjamin , Kuhlers Peyton , Habbit Nicole L , Ahmed Bulbul , Heslin Martin J , Mobley James A , Greene Michael W , Lipke Elizabeth A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of physiologically relevant in vitro colorectal cancer (CRC) models is vital for advancing understanding of tumor biology. Although CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate key patient tumor characteristics and demonstrate high concordance with clinical outcomes, the use of this in vivo model is costly and low-throughput. Here we report the establishment and in-depth characterization of an in vitro tissue-engineered CRC model using PDX cells. To form the 3D engineered CRC-PDX (3D-eCRC-PDX) tissues, CRC PDX tumors were expanded in vivo, dissociated, and the isolated cells encapsulated within PEG-fibrinogen hydrogels. Following PEG-fibrinogen encapsulation, cells remain viable and proliferate within 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues. Tumor cell subpopulations, including human cancer and mouse stromal cells, are maintained in long-term culture (29 days); cellular subpopulations increase ratiometrically over time. The 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues mimic the mechanical stiffness of originating tumors. Extracellular matrix protein production by cells in the 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues resulted in approximately 57% of proteins observed in the CRC-PDX tumors also being present in the 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues on day 22. Furthermore, we show congruence in enriched gene ontology molecular functions and Hallmark gene sets in 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues and CRC-PDX tumors compared to normal colon tissue, while prognostic Kaplan–Meier plots for overall and relapse free survival did not reveal significant differences between CRC-PDX tumors and 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues. Our results demonstrate high batch-to-batch consistency and strong correlation between our in vitro tissue-engineered PDX-CRC model and the originating in vivo PDX tumors, providing a foundation for future studies of disease progression and tumorigenic mechanisms.
A biodegradable 3D woven magnesium-based scaffold for orthopedic implants
Authors: Xue Ju , Singh Srujan , Zhou Yuxiao , Perdomo-Pantoja Alexander , Tian Ye , Gupta Nehali , Witham Timothy F , Grayson Warren L , Weihs Timothy P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Porous Magnesium (Mg) is a promising biodegradable scaffold for treating critical-size bone defects, and as an essential element for human metabolism, Mg has shown sufficient biocompatibility. Its elastic moduli and yield strengths are closer to those of cortical bone than common, inert metallic implants, effectively reducing stress concentrations around host tissue as well as stress shielding. More importantly, Mg can degrade and be absorbed in the human body in a safe and controlled manner, thereby reducing the need for second surgeries to remove implants. The development of porous Mg scaffolds via conventional selective laser melting techniques has been limited due to Mg’s low boiling point, high vapor pressures, high reactivity, and non-ideal microstructures in additively manufactured parts. Here we present an exciting alternative to conventional additive techniques: 3D weaving with Mg wires that have controlled chemistries and microstructures. The weaving process offers high throughput manufacturing as well as porous architectures that can be optimized for stiffness and porosity with topology optimization. Once woven, we dip-coat the weaves with polylactic acid to enhance their strength and corrosion resistance. Following fabrication, we characterize their mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and cell compatibility in vitro, and we use an intramuscular implantation model to evaluate their in vivo corrosion behavior and tissue response.
Long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Griesbach Julia , Ganeyev Marsel , Zehnder Anna-Katharina , Zeng Peng , Schädli Gian Nutal , Leeuw Anke de , Lai Yuxiao , Rubert Marina , Müller Ralph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mechanical loading has been shown to influence various osteogenic responses of bone-derived cells and bone formation in vivo. However, the influence of mechanical stimulation on the formation of bone organoid in vitro is not clearly understood. Here, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted human mesenchymal stem cells-laden graphene oxide composite scaffolds were cultured in a novel cyclic-loading bioreactors for up to 56 d. Our results showed that mechanical loading from day 1 (ML01) significantly increased organoid mineral density, organoid stiffness, and osteoblast differentiation compared with non-loading and mechanical loading from day 21. Importantly, ML01 stimulated collagen I maturation, osteocyte differentiation, lacunar-canalicular network formation and YAP expression on day 56. These finding are the first to reveal that long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Such 3D bone organoids may serve as a human-specific alternative to animal testing for the study of bone pathophysiology and drug screening.
Adsorption characteristics of bovine serum albumin onto α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles prepared via the alcohol solution combustion process of ferric nitrate
Authors: Li Yongjin , Zhu Ziye , Lv Zhixiang , Wang Zhou , Chen Yuefang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared via the alcohol solution combustion process of ferric nitrate. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were taken to characterize the prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The average particle sizes of the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were approximately 180 nm, and their magnetic property was approximately 0.42 emu·g−1 after the measurement. The different concentrations of BSA solutions and the adsorption times were investigated to investigate the adsorption characteristics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. For larger adsorption capacity and higher removal rate, the dose of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in aqueous solution was selected at 2.5 mg·ml−1. The adsorption process of BSA onto α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. While, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the Temkin isothermal model was higher than Langmuir model and Freundlich isothermal model, suggesting that the isothermal model of BSA onto α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was more in line with Temkin isotherm model. Which suggested that the adsorption behavior of magnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for BSA belonged to multi-molecular layer chemisorption. When BSA concentration was 600 mg·l−1 and the pH of solution was 5, the adsorption capacity of BSA onto magnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles achieved 114.2 mg·g−1, and the adsorption rate could still reach 70.3% of the first time after 7 cycles.
Study on divertor heat flux under n = 3 and n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations using infrared thermography diagnostic in EAST
Authors: LIANG Ruirong , GONG Xianzu , ZHANG Bin , YANG Zhendong , JIA Manni , SUN Youwen , MA Qun , ZHANG Jiayuan , HU Yunchan , QIAN Jinping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with high toroidal mode number n are considered for controlling edge-localized modes (ELMs) and divertor heat flux in future ITER H-mode operations. In this paper, characteristics of divertor heat flux under high-n RMPs (n = 3 and 4) in H-mode plasma are investigated using newly upgraded infrared thermography diagnostic in EAST. Additional splitting strike point (SSP) accompanying with ELM suppression is observed under both RMPs with n = 3 and n = 4, the SSP in heat flux profile agrees qualitatively with the modeled magnetic footprint. Although RMPs suppress ELMs, they increase the stationary heat flux during ELM suppression. The dependence of heat flux on

q

95

during ELM suppression is preliminarily investigated, and further splitting in the original strike point is observed at

q

95

=
4

during ELM suppression. In terms of ELM pulses, the presence of RMPs shows little influence on transient heat flux distribution.
The effects of dilution gas on nanoparticle growth in atmospheric-pressure acetylene microdischarges
Authors: LIU Xiangmei , DONG Xiaotian , LI Hongying , ZHAO Shuxia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A two-dimensional multi-fluid model is developed to investigate the effects of dilution gas on microplasma properties and nanoparticle behavior in atmospheric-pressure radio-frequency acetylene discharges. The percentage of dilution gases (argon and helium) percentage varied from 0% to 90%, with the pressure kept constant. Simulation results show that the dilution gas percentage has a significant influence on the spatial distributions of the electron density and temperature, as well as on the formation of nanoparticles in acetylene microplasmas. With increasing dilution gas percentage, the electron density profile changes continuously from being high at the edge to high in the center. A mode transition from a mixed discharge mode with both α regime and drift-ambipolar regime into α regime occurs, which is associated with a sudden decrease in the electron density of the presheaths and an increase in the electron temperature of the bulk plasma. The mode transition point corresponds to the lowest number density ratio of hydrocarbon ions to acetylene. The highest number density ratio is observed at a dilution percentage of 90%, and causes more effective nucleation and coagulation of nanoparticles. Furthermore, owing to the high ionization potential of helium, the transition point moves to a larger dilution gas percentage in

C

2

H

2

/He microplasmas. Finally, the growth of nanoparticles via coagulation is studied.
An optimal gap theorem for scalar curvature of CMC hypersurfaces in a sphere
Authors: Lei Li , Xu Hongwei , Xu Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2022

Let

M
n

M^n

be a closed hypersurface with constant mean curvature and constant scalar curvature in the unit sphere

S

n
+
1

\mathbb {S}^{n+1}

. Denote by

S
S

and

H
H

the squared length of the second fundamental form and the mean curvature of

M
M

, respectively. For a fixed integer

k
k

, where

1
≤
k
≤
n
−
2

1\leq k\leq n-2

, we prove that there exists a positive constant

γ
(
n
)

\gamma (n)

depending only on

n
n

, such that if

|

H

|

>
γ
(
n
)

|H|>\gamma (n)

and

α
k

(
n
,
H
)
≤
S
≤

α

k
+
1

(
n
,
H
)

\alpha _k(n,H)\leq S \leq \alpha _{k+1}(n,H)

, then either

S
=

α
k

(
n
,
H
)

S=\alpha _k(n,H)

and

M
M

must be the Clifford torus

S

n
−
k

(

1

1
+

λ
k
2

)

×

S

k

(

λ
k

1
+

λ
k
2

)

\mathbb {S}^{n-k}\big (\frac {1}{\sqrt {1+\lambda _k^2}}\big )\times \mathbb {S}^{k}\big (\frac {\lambda _k}{\sqrt {1+\lambda _k^2}}\big )

, or

S
=

α

k
+
1

(
n
,
H
)

S=\alpha _{k+1}(n,H)

and

M
M

is the Clifford torus

S

n
−
k
−
1

(

1

1
+

λ

k
+
1

2

)

×

S

k
+
1

(

λ

k
+
1

1
+

λ

k
+
1

2

)

\mathbb {S}^{n-k-1}\big (\frac {1}{\sqrt {1+\lambda _{k+1}^2}}\big )\times \mathbb {S}^{k+1}\big (\frac {\lambda _{k+1}}{\sqrt {1+\lambda _{k+1}^2}}\big )

. Here

α
k

(
n
,
H
)
=
n
+

n
3

2
k
(
n
−
k
)

H
2

−

n
(
n
−
2
k
)

2
k
(
n
−
k
)

n
2

H
4

+
4
k
(
n
−
k
)

H
2

\alpha _k(n,H)=n+\frac {n^3}{2k(n-k)}H^2-\frac {n(n-2k)}{2k(n-k)}\sqrt {n^2H^4+4k(n-k)H^2}

and

λ
k

=

n

|

H

|

+

n
2

H
2

+
4
k
(
n
−
k
)

2
(
n
−
k
)

\lambda _k=\frac {n|H|+\sqrt {n^2H^2+4k(n-k)}}{2(n-k)}

.
Early Introduction and Rise of the Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant in Highly Vaccinated University Populations
Authors: Petros Brittany A , Turcinovic Jacquelyn , Welch Nicole L , White Laura F , Kolaczyk Eric D , Bauer Matthew R , Cleary Michael , Dobbins Sabrina T , Doucette-Stamm Lynn , Gore Mitch , Nair Parvathy , Nguyen Tien G , Rose Scott , Taylor Bradford P , Tsang Daniel , Wendlandt Erik , Hope Michele , Platt Judy T , Jacobson Karen R , Bouton Tara , Yune Seyho , Auclair Jared R , Landaverde Lena , Klapperich Catherine M , Hamer Davidson H , Hanage William P , MacInnis Bronwyn L , Sabeti Pardis C , Connor John H , Springer Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. The dynamics that govern its establishment and propensity toward fixation (reaching 100% frequency in the SARS-CoV-2 population) in communities remain unknown. Here, we describe the dynamics of Omicron at 3 institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the greater Boston area.MethodsWe use diagnostic and variant-specifying molecular assays and epidemiological analytical approaches to describe the rapid dominance of Omicron following its introduction into 3 IHEs with asymptomatic surveillance programs.ResultsWe show that the establishment of Omicron at IHEs precedes that of the state and region and that the time to fixation is shorter at IHEs (9.5–12.5 days) than in the state (14.8 days) or region. We show that the trajectory of Omicron fixation among university employees resembles that of students, with a 2- to 3-day delay. Finally, we compare cycle threshold values in Omicron vs Delta variant cases on college campuses and identify lower viral loads among college affiliates who harbor Omicron infections.ConclusionsWe document the rapid takeover of the Omicron variant at IHEs, reaching near-fixation within the span of 9.5–12.5 days despite lower viral loads, on average, than the previously dominant Delta variant. These findings highlight the transmissibility of Omicron, its propensity to rapidly dominate small populations, and the ability of robust asymptomatic surveillance programs to offer early insights into the dynamics of pathogen arrival and spread.
A yeast cell cycle model integrating stress, signaling, and physiology
Authors: Adler Stephan O , Spiesser Thomas W , Uschner Friedemann , Münzner Ulrike , Hahn Jens , Krantz Marcus , Klipp Edda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cell division cycle in eukaryotic cells is a series of highly coordinated molecular interactions that ensure that cell growth, duplication of genetic material, and actual cell division are precisely orchestrated to give rise to two viable progeny cells. Moreover, the cell cycle machinery is responsible for incorporating information about external cues or internal processes that the cell must keep track of to ensure a coordinated, timely progression of all related processes. This is most pronounced in multicellular organisms, but also a cardinal feature in model organisms such as baker's yeast. The complex and integrative behavior is difficult to grasp and requires mathematical modeling to fully understand the quantitative interplay of the single components within the entire system. Here, we present a self-oscillating mathematical model of the yeast cell cycle that comprises all major cyclins and their main regulators. Furthermore, it accounts for the regulation of the cell cycle machinery by a series of external stimuli such as mating pheromones and changes in osmotic pressure or nutrient quality. We demonstrate how the external perturbations modify the dynamics of cell cycle components and how the cell cycle resumes after adaptation to or relief from stress.
The Firm
Authors: Morgan Glenn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to focus on firms as political actors engaging with states and markets in order to shape markets and favorable outcomes at the level of the international political economy. The chapter distinguishes between different forms of power which firms can exercise in these arenas—lobbying power, structural power, and the power of expertise. This in turn is affected by, first, forms of ownership and governance, emphasizing the difference between shareholder-driven firms, stakeholder firms, family- and privately-owned firms, and state-owned firms. Secondly, multinational corporations (MNCs) vary significantly in terms of the political arenas which are relevant to them, and where they seek to exercise power, reflecting different sectoral conditions of competition e.g., manufacturing, finance, professional services, agribusiness and extractive industries, and platform/IT companies. The chapter provides a framework for understanding the role of different sorts of multinationals in shaping markets and international economic regimes through their influence over states and international organizations.
Treating patients with acute COPD in the ED
Authors: O'Hara Ryan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
ED clinicians typically discharge patients on 5-day regimens of azithromycin and corticosteroids after an acute COPD exacerbation. This article discusses various studies that evaluated chronic azithromycin therapy to prevent exacerbations in patients with COPD. Although ED clinicians typically do not prescribe chronic medications, they can provide patient-centered care and determine a patient's follow-up to see if chronic azithromycin is needed.
Atrioesophageal fistula
Authors: Jones Sarah , Kara Areeba 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Atrioesophageal fistula with resulting air emboli is a rare but potentially fatal complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation. Patients typically present within 60 days after RFCA with fever, neurologic deficits, chest pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Chest CT with IV contrast reveals the atrioesophageal fistula in most cases, and CT of the head or MRI of the brain commonly reveals signs of air emboli. Early diagnosis, initiation of antibiotics, and immediate surgical intervention may improve patients' chances of survival.
A brief introduction to PAs in Germany
Authors: Heistermann Peter , Lang Tamika , Heilmann Claudia , Meyer-Treschan Tanja 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The first German physician assistant (PA) program began in 2005 at Steinbeis University in Berlin. Since 2005, there has been a rapid expansion of PA education, and 22 German universities have opened or are planning to develop PA programs. In fall 2021, about 1,100 PAs worked in Germany, mostly in the inpatient setting, with a scope of practice focused on delegation and the performance of medical and administrative activities. After completing a PA program, students are awarded a bachelor of science; programs also offer options for specialization. With no formal PA program-specific accreditation processes, the universities are responsible for ensuring the quality and content of PA courses. The profession is not regulated in Germany, and laws to guide PA education and scope of practice are necessary for the further development of the profession.
Costs and benefits of routine hemoglobin A1c screening prior to total joint arthroplasty: a cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Zhuang Thompson , Shapiro Lauren M. , Amanatullah Derek F. , Maloney William J. , Kamal Robin N. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). While institutional protocols include hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) screening in TJA patients, the costs and benefits of routine preoperative screening have not been described.

Methods:
The authors created a decision tree model to evaluate short-term costs and risk reduction for PJIs with routine screening of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Probabilities and costs were obtained from published sources. They calculated net costs and absolute risk reduction in PJI for routine screening versus no screening. The authors also performed sensitivity analyses of model inputs including probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) consisting of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations.

Results:
In patients with DM, routine screening before THA resulted in net cost savings of $81 per patient with 286 patients needing to be screened to prevent 1 PJI, while screening before TKA incurred net additional costs of $25,810 per PJI prevented. Routine screening in patients with DM undergoing THA or TKA was cost-saving across 75.5% or 21.8% of PSA simulations, respectively. In patients with no history of DM, routine screening before THA or TKA incurred net additional costs of $24,583 or $87,873 per PJI prevented, respectively.

Conclusions:
Routine HbA1c screening in patients with DM prior to THA with referral of patients with elevated HbA1c for glycemic optimization may prevent PJI and reduce healthcare costs. In contrast, routine screening in patients with DM prior to TKA or in patients with no history of DM is not cost-saving.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level IV.
Factor V Leiden
Authors: Morrow Morgan , Lynch-Smith Donna 
Published: May 2022

Background
Factor V Leiden (FVL) is a hereditary thrombophilia, which causes the blood to be more hypercoagulable; in essence, the blood tends to clot more easily, especially under certain circumstances. It is the most common genetic mutation, causing thrombophilia in patients of white background. Patients that have FVL are at a higher risk to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) after surgery and trauma.

Objective
The purpose of this review is to identify FVL as a risk factor, which may impede optimum acute cardiopulmonary management which may contribute to a longer length of stay (LOS) in the hospital.

Methods
This article is a systematic review of the literature involving research printed in peer-reviewed journals from 2015 to 2018. The University of Tennessee Health Science Center online library, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used for the literature search.

Results
The results of this study determined that although FVL is in fact a risk factor, which may impede optimum acute cardiopulmonary management which may contribute to a longer LOS, management of VTE is no different for a person with FVL compared with those without FVL.

Conclusion
Factor V Leiden is a risk factor for the development of VTE, specifically deep vein thrombosis, in surgical, trauma, pregnant, and hormone replacement therapy patients, thus increasing LOS and recurrence of such events. Regardless of FVL status, management of VTE should be initiated promptly and discontinued when appropriate.