bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Sritharan Kobika , Tree Alison 
Published: January 2022

Advances in radiotherapy technology have increased precision of treatment delivery and in some tumour types, improved cure rates and decreased side effects. A new generation of radiotherapy machines, hybrids of an MRI scanner and a linear accelerator, has the potential to further transform the practice of radiation therapy in some cancers. Facilitating superior image quality and the ability to change the dose distribution online on a daily basis (termed “daily adaptive replanning”), MRI-guided radiotherapy machines allow for new possibilities including increasing dose, for hard to treat cancers, and more selective sparing of healthy tissues, where toxicity reduction is the key priority.
These machines have already been used to treat most types of cancer, although experience is still in its infancy. This review summarises the potential and current evidence for MRI-guided radiotherapy, with a predominant focus on prostate cancer. Current advantages and disadvantages are discussed including a realistic appraisal of the likely potential to improve patient outcomes. In addition, horizon scanning for near-term possibilities for research and development will hopefully delineate the potential role for this technology over the next decade.
From Alternative Facts to Tentative Truths: Towards a Post-postmodern Dialogic Epistemology
Authors: Hoggan Chad , Hoggan-Kloubert Tetyana 
Published: January 2022

Drawing attention to today’s epistemic crisis, this article seeks to reflect on the role of adult education in addressing this crisis and thereby fostering our democracies. We argue for the need of developing a new shared epistemic basis, a post-postmodern dialogic epistemology. This article presents three core components for this: (1) universalism and particularism, (2) embracing epistemic humility, and (3) seeking for dialogue and the public use of reason. Starting with recognizing the value of postmodern critiques on the Enlightenment ideas of rational thinking and its practices of rigid categorizations, we update key concepts of Enlightenment thinking, such as the power of judgment, human epistemic fallibility, and public reasoning. The modern value of the Enlightenment lies for us predominantly in the democratic educational project that it started. In this light, we see adult education as a (public) space dedicated to developing epistemic responsibility.
Από αρχάριος, …ειδικός: Τροχιές απόκτησης δεξιοτήτων κατά την εργασία
Authors: Lintzeris Paraskevas 
Published: January 2022

Η εργασία συνιστά, από την ίδια της τη φύση, τη χωροχρονική λειτουργία και τον ρόλο της στην κοινωνική ζωή, ένα πεδίο ανθρώπινης αλληλεπίδρασης που λειτουργεί ως πηγή εμπειριών οι οποίες επηρεάζουν εξελικτικά και μεταμορφωτικά το σώμα των γνώσεων, δεξιοτήτων και ικανοτήτων που κάθε άτομο διαθέτει και ενεργοποιεί κατά την άσκησή της. Το κείμενο εξετάζει τρεις θεωρίες που αναφέρονται στους τρόπους που συντελείται η απόκτηση δεξιοτήτων για τη μετάβαση από την κατάσταση του αρχάριου σε αυτήν του ειδικού: τη θεώρηση των S.E. Dreyfus & H.L. Dreyfus, την ανάλυση του Richard Sennett και την προσέγγιση των Chris Argyris και Donald Schön. Υπογραμμίζεται η σημασία της πρακτικής εργασιακής εμπειρίας και ειδικότερα της επίλυσης προβλημάτων ώστε να υπάρξει υποκειμενική πρόσληψη, εσωτερίκευση και εμπέδωση της θεωρητικής γνώσης. Παράλληλα όμως τονίζεται η κρισιμότητα της θεωρητικής, επιστημονικής γνώσης για την κατανόηση, τον έλεγχο και τη γενίκευση της πρακτικής εμπειρίας.
Diverging destinies: ‘social’ data within the TwinsUK cohort
Authors: Bowyer Ruth C E , Abbasian Golboo , García María Paz , Anastasiou Andrew , Lachance Genevieve , Thompson Ellen J , Hart Deborah , Dowd Jennifer B , Steves Claire J 
Published: January 2022

Background: Twins offer social scientists a unique opportunity to understand the interplay of social factors and physical and mental well-being. TwinsUK is the largest UK registry of adult mono- and dy-zygotic twins, but most of the research that utilises the cohorts’ data to date has focused on the genetic underpinnings of complex disease. Methods: Following formal unstructured discussions with social scientists we identified key areas of research interest and annotated the historical data collections in TwinsUK where they could be applied to these research aims. Results: We present a summary of variables identified as of key interest to researchers from the social science sphere, spanning the following domains: 1: Parenting, child rearing and pregnancies; 2: Working habits and patterns; 3: Sleeping habits and patterns; 4: Social support; 5: Negative life events; 6: Spousal relationships. Conclusions: TwinsUK has a wide range of genetic and health data that would allow investigation of research questions focusing on these domains.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe
Authors: Moreno-Martos David , Verhamme Katia , Ostropolets Anna , Kostka Kristin , Duarte-Sales Talita , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Alshammari Thamir M , Alghoul Heba , Ahmed Waheed-Ul-Rahman , Blacketer Clair , DuVall Scott , Lai Lana , Matheny Michael , Nyberg Fredrik , Posada Jose , Rijnbeek Peter , Spotnitz Matthew , Sena Anthony , Shah Nigam , Suchard Marc , Chan You Seng , Hripcsak George , Ryan Patrick , Morales Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Background: Characterization studies of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in size and scope. The aim of the study is to provide a large-scale characterization of COVID-19 patients with COPD. Methods: We included thirteen databases contributing data from January-June 2020 from North America (US), Europe and Asia. We defined two cohorts of patients with COVID-19 namely a ‘diagnosed’ and ‘hospitalized’ cohort. We followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes among COPD patients with COVID-19. Results: The study included 934,778 patients in the diagnosed COVID-19 cohort and 177,201 in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort. Observed COPD prevalence in the diagnosed cohort ranged from 3.8% (95%CI 3.5-4.1%) in French data to 22.7% (95%CI 22.4-23.0) in US data, and from 1.9% (95%CI 1.6-2.2) in South Korean to 44.0% (95%CI 43.1-45.0) in US data, in the hospitalized cohorts. COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort had greater comorbidity than those in the diagnosed cohort, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality was higher in COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort and ranged from 7.6% (95%CI 6.9-8.4) to 32.2% (95%CI 28.0-36.7) across databases. ARDS, acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and sepsis were the most common outcomes among hospitalized COPD patients. Conclusion: COPD patients with COVID-19 have high levels of COVID-19-associated comorbidities and poor COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is required to identify patients with COPD at high risk of worse outcomes.
High spectral contrast chiral second-harmonic generation from multilayer gallium selenide coupled to silicon holey disk metasurfaces
Authors: Deka Jayanta , Raghunathan Varun 
Published: January 2022

We present electromagnetic design and analysis of hybrid metasurfaces composed of multilayer gallium selenide (GaSe) coupled to silicon holey disk arrays for achieving high spectral contrast chiral second-harmonic generation (SHG). The silicon holey disk structures are designed to support electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like optical resonances in the 1.5–1.8 µm wavelength range in the vicinity of electric and toroidal dipole scattering modes. The fundamental electric field enhancement above the silicon structures shows right-circularly polarized (RCP)- and left-circularly polarized (LCP)-like characteristics at distinct wavelengths resulting in two prominent peaks for the LCP and RCP resolved SHG from the GaSe layer above the holey disks. This results in high contrast SHG degree of circular polarization spanning

−

1

to

+

1

over the fundamental excitation spectral range considered. The chiral SHG response is also found to be strongly influenced by the unit-cell lattice arrangement with square or hexagonal lattice exhibiting very different chiral SHG response. This observation is consistent with the circular polarization state selection rules for the harmonic generation process considering the rotational symmetry of the underlying metasurface lattice arrangement. Two-dimensional (2D) material–dielectric resonant metasurface hybrid systems exhibit nonlinear optical polarization selection rules, which differ from the native 2D material, making them an interesting platform for realizing engineered chiral nonlinear photonic devices.
Optical Ramsey spectroscopy on a single molecule
Authors: Wang Yijun , Bushmakin Vladislav , Stein Guilherme Alexander , Schell Andreas W. , Gerhardt Ilja 
Published: January 2022

Organic chemistry offers the potential to synthesize individual molecules for specific tasks in quantum information processing. One of their striking properties is the emission of single photons with nearly ideal coherence. Here, we implement Ramsey spectroscopy to measure the electronic state coherence of a single molecule. Conventionally, the emitter’s coherence is characterized by saturation or intensity auto-correlation measurements. However, both methods are under the steady influence of continuous interaction with the excitation laser. This influence can be eliminated by using a pump–probe sequence of two optical pulses to observe the decoherence. We have measured a near-transform-limited decoherence time of 17.6 ns, while the radiative lifetime is 10.1 ns. We also perform frequency-detuned excitation, gaining richer insights into the dephasing behavior of the molecule. The experiments exhibit that optical Ramsey spectroscopy is a promising tool for measuring the emitter’s coherence properties.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiological agents of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Africa
Authors: Wainaina Martin , Vey da Silva David Attuy , Dohoo Ian , Mayer-Scholl Anne , Roesel Kristina , Hofreuter Dirk , Roesler Uwe , Lindahl Johanna , Bett Bernard , Al Dahouk Sascha 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe awareness of non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) has been on the rise over the last decades. Therefore, we undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of causative agents of non-malarial fevers on the African continent.MethodologyWe searched for literature in African Journals Online, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify aetiologic agents that had been reported and to determine summary estimates of the proportional morbidity rates (PMr) associated with these pathogens among fever patients.FindingsA total of 133 studies comprising 391,835 patients from 25 of the 54 African countries were eligible. A wide array of aetiologic agents were described with considerable regional differences among the leading agents. Overall, bacterial pathogens tested from blood samples accounted for the largest proportion. The summary estimates from the meta-analysis were low for most of the agents. This may have resulted from a true low prevalence of the agents, the failure to test for many agents or the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods applied. Our meta-regression analysis of study and population variables showed that diagnostic methods determined the PMr estimates of typhoidalSalmonellaand Dengue virus. An increase in the PMr ofKlebsiellaspp. infections was observed over time. Furthermore, the status of patients as either inpatient or outpatient predicted the PMr ofHaemophilusspp. infections.ConclusionThe small number of epidemiological studies and the variety of NMFI agents on the African continent emphasizes the need for harmonized studies with larger sample sizes. In particular, diagnostic procedures for NMFIs should be standardized to facilitate comparability of study results and to improve future meta-analyses. Reliable NMFI burden estimates will inform regional public health strategies.
Effect of hybrid FES exercise on body composition during the sub-acute phase of spinal cord injury
Authors: Afshari Khashayar , Ozturk Erin D. , Yates Brandon , Picard Glen , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
To determine the Effect of Hybrid functional electrically stimulated (FES) Exercise on Body Composition during the Sub-acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).

Design
Randomized Clinical Trial.

Setting
Rehabilitation Hospital.

Participants
Patients within sub-acute phase (3–24 months) of SCI.

Interventions
We investigated if high-intensity exercise training via the addition of functional electrically stimulated (FES) leg muscles, provides sufficient stimulus to mitigate against body composition changes in the sub-acute phase after SCI.

Main outcome measures
We explored potential effects of FES row training (FESRT) on body fat gain, lean mass loss, and cardiometabolic parameters and compared the effects of 6-month of FESRT (n = 18) to standard of care (SOC, n = 13). Those in SOC were crossed over to FESRT.

Results
FESRT resulted in greater exercise capacity and a tendency for lesser total body fat accumulation with a significant increase in total and leg lean mass (p<0.05). In addition pelvis and total bone mineral density declines were significantly less (p<0.05). Compared to SOC, FESRT did not lead to any significant difference in insulin sensitivity or serum lipids. However, HbA1C levels were significantly decreased in SOC participants who crossed over to 6-month FESRT.

Conclusion
FESRT early after SCI provides a sufficient stimulus to mitigate against detrimental body composition changes. This may lead to prevention of losses in lean mass, including bone.
USOS E APROPRIAÇÕES DAS DANÇAS POPULARES NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DE VITÓRIA/ES
Authors: Bolzan Érica , Martins Rodrigo Lema Del Rio , Mello André da Silva 
Published: January 2022

Analisa os usos e as apropriações que os dinamizadores de Artes e Educação Física fazem das danças populares na Educação Infantil de Vitória/ES. Utiliza o método descritivo-interpretativo, com a aplicação de questionários para 24 docentes que atuam nos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil (CMEIs). Os resultados apontam que os dinamizadores fazem diferentes usos destas danças em seus cotidianos, em estreita articulação com os projetos institucionais dos CMEIs. Contudo, são poucas as mediações que valorizam as agências das crianças, pois as danças populares estão mais presentes nos momentos de apresentações do que ao longo do ano letivo. Dentre os fatores que dificultam o trabalho com as danças populares, sobressai a questão da religiosidade, pela crença de que a prática dessas manifestações evoca a devoção. Conclui-se que as danças populares se apresentam como conhecimentos potentes para tematizações e reflexões sobre as questões étnico-raciais nas instituições infantis.
Prescribing Morse scalar curvatures: Critical points at infinity
Authors: Mayer Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The problem of prescribing conformally the scalar curvature of a closed Riemannian manifold as a given Morse function reduces to solving an elliptic partial differential equation with critical Sobolev exponent.
Two ways of attacking this problem consist in subcritical approximations or negative pseudogradient flows.
We show under a mild nondegeneracy assumption the equivalence of both approaches with respect to zero weak limits, in particular a one-to-one correspondence of zero weak limit finite energy subcritical blow-up solutions, zero weak limit critical points at infinity of negative type and sets of critical points with negative Laplacian of the function to be prescribed.
The near-infrared observations at the Tower Solar Telescope TST-2 of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
Authors: Andreeva Olga , Malashchuk Valentina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Observations in the near-infrared wavelength range have been regularly carried out at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO) on the Tower Solar Telescope (TST-2). It began in the late 1990s by putting into operation the Universal Spectrophotometer (USPh) at the TST-2 and it continues up to the present time. In 2020 the observation process was modernized - the mirror control electronics and software were replaced. Work is currently underway to create a catalog of solar disk images obtained before the modernization of TST-2. Here we present fragments of the catalog - several examples of a full solar disk in He i 1083 nm from the USPh/TST-2 instrument and a brief description of the future catalog.
Weak martingale Hardy-type spaces associated with quasi-Banach function lattice
Authors: Long Long , Silas Niyonkuru , Xie Guangheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the authors introduce weak martingale Hardy-type spaces associated with a quasi-Banach function lattice. The authors then establish the atomic characterizations of these weak martingale Hardy-type spaces. As applications, the authors give the sufficient conditions for the boundedness of σ-sublinear operators from weak martingale Hardy-type spaces to a quasi-Banach function lattice. Furthermore, the authors clarify the relation among different weak martingale Hardy-type spaces in the framework of a rearrangement-invariant quasi-Banach function space. Finally, the authors apply these results to the weighted Lorentz space and the generalized grand Lebesgue space.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal umbilical vein flow and cardiac function: a prospective study
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Mappa Ilenia , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Lu Jia Li Angela , Makatsarya Alexander , D’Antonio Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To explore whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) and fetal cardiac function.

Methods
Prospective case-control study of consecutive pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second half of pregnancy matched with unaffected women. Measurements of UVBF normalized for fetal abdominal circumference (UVBF/AC), atrial area (AA) and ventricular sphericity indices (SI) were compared between the two study groups. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests were sued to analyze the data.

Results
Fifty-four consecutive pregnancies complicated and 108 not complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The median gestational age at infection was 30.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 26.2 34.1). General baseline and pregnancy characteristics were similar between pregnant women with compared to those without SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no difference in UVBF/AC (study groups z value −0.11 vs. 0.14 control p 0.751) values between pregnancies complicated compared to those not complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Likewise, there was no difference in the left and right AA (left 1.30 vs. 1.28 p=0.221 and right 1.33 vs. 1.31 p=0.324) and SI (left 1.75 vs. 1.77 p=0.208 and right 1.51 vs. 1.54 p=0.121) between the two groups.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect UVBF and fetal cardiac function in uncomplicated pregnancies.
Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from MoS2 monolayer with topological insulator nanoparticle
Authors: Li Dikun , Lu Hua , Li Yangwu , Shi Shouhao , Yue Zengji , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Topological insulators (TI), as a kind of fantastic nanomaterial with excellent electrical and optical properties, have attracted particular attention due to the promising applications in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we experimentally demonstrated the interaction between light and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer with an antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) TI nanoparticle. It was found that photoluminescence (PL) emission and Raman scattering signal can be boosted by 5 and 8 folds in MoS2 monolayer integrated with the TI nanoparticle, respectively. The measured and simulated dark-field scattering spectra illustrated that the enhancement of light–matter interaction could be derived from the generation of localized surface plasmons on the TI nanoparticle with distinctly boosted electric field. We also found that there exists a redshift of 5 nm for the enhanced PL peak, which could be attributed to the formation of trions in MoS2 induced by plasmon doping. This work would provide a new pathway for the applications of TI nanoparticles in the optoelectronics, especially light–matter interaction enhancement.
Early diagnosis of lung cancer using magnetic nanoparticles-integrated systems
Authors: Rastogi Ayushi , Yadav Kanchan , Mishra Archana , Singh Manu Smriti , Chaudhary Shilpi , Manohar Rajiv , Parmar Avanish Singh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has high morbidity and fatality rate that can be attributed to its poor diagnostic and monitoring facilities. Hence, there is a need to design advanced detection and monitoring systems to facilitate fast, efficient, and early diagnosis. The emerging research on novel nanotechnology-based strategies and conceptual models has made early-stage detection of LC possible by employing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to surmount the barriers of slow diagnostic efficiency. Herein, the emphasis is on the recent advancement of MNP-based detection and monitoring systems for LC diagnosis, and future perspectives in the current scenario are discussed. The integration of MNP-based advanced diagnostic tools (microfluidic chips, artificial intelligence, biosensors, biomarkers detection, machine learning, nanotheranostics, deep learning, and internet of things platform) with conventional ones bronchoscopy, computed tomography scan, positron emission tomography, distant metastases, transthoracic biopsy, and magnetic resonance imaging might help to resolve current challenges related to early diagnosis of LC.
Molecular docking and MD: mimicking the real biological process
Authors: Sharma Varruchi , Panwar Anil , Gupta Girish Kumar , Sharma Anil K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the processes of molecular docking and simulation studies; the computational techniques have a vast and significant role in drug discovery process. The rigid view in the binding of both target and ligand is the basis of modeling strategy process. More evolution to such processes with the time has lead in revealing the path of understanding the dynamic nature of binding processes. In this chapter we have focused on molecular docking along with dynamic studies in reference to biological processes.
Study on underwater vibro-acoustic characteristics of carbon/glass hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Tang Yuhang , Tang Yang , Wang Xueren , Zhou Tao , Li Haichao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
At present, in addition to the high-strength alloy steel still used in the main load-bearing structure of foreign nuclear submarines, many composite materials have been used for non-load-bearing components, and the common laminate is the main form of the composite plate and shell. The composite laminate with a carbon/glass hybrid material has excellent structural mechanical properties. The vibration and acoustic radiation theories of the composite laminate were analytically deduced, the effect of ply parameters in hybrid shell plates was analyzed, and the influence of the hybrid ratio on the stiffness of shell plate was also investigated. Furthermore, according to the theoretical description, the typical carbon/glass hybrid shell plate was designed and the experimental comparison on the vibro-acoustic properties with a steel plate was carried out. The results showed that the mass and stiffness of a 12 mm carbon/glass hybrid shell plate were only 30 and 70% compared with an 8 mm steel plate. The mass and stiffness of a 15 mm carbon/glass hybrid shell plate were about 40 and 160% of that of an 8 mm steel plate, and its vibration and noise reduction performance was far superior to the steel plate. Therefore, the composite shell plate can achieve excellent acoustic performance while meeting the structural-functional indicators.