bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-destructive examination (NDE) methods for dynamic subsea cables for offshore renewable energy
Authors: Nicholls-Lee R , Thies P R , Dulieu-Barton J M , Ólafsson G , Hughes R , Hernandez Arroyo A , Xu G , Cartlidge N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Offshore renewable energy installations are moving into more challenging environments where fixed foundations are not economically viable, forcing the development of floating platforms. Subsea cables are critical for transfer of the power generated back to shore. The electrical capabilities of subsea cables are well understood; however, the structural capabilities are not, subsea power cable failures accounting for a significant proportion of insurance claims. Cables are challenging to repair, with specific vessels and good weather windows required, therefore making operations very costly. A good understanding of the internal structure of a subsea cable, and interaction between the layers, is integral to the development of robust and reliable, high voltage, dynamic, subsea cables. A requirement therefore exists for non-destructive examination (NDE) of live subsea cables to determine locations, and identify the causes, of faults and classify their type. An NDE framework such as this would assist in planning operations and reduce the risk and cost inherent to delivering offshore power. Improved understanding of subsea cable failure modes and mechanisms could also be achieved through us of NDE during onshore, dry, experimental testing. Three currently available NDE methods are considered, developed for use in other disciplines, for the purpose of structural monitoring of subsea power cables during onshore evaluation testing. The NDE methods were: (a) thermography, (b) eddy current testing (ECT), (c) spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR). The methods are assessed with regards to the information that could be obtained from both a static and oscillating cable in pilot physical tests. The results of the testing were promising, with cable motions and interlayer movements being detected by all techniques to various degrees.
Trends in wildfire-related bills in California, 2001–2020
Authors: Miller Rebecca K , Shi Lin , Wulf David A , Mach Katharine J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCalifornia has recently experienced severe and destructive wildfire seasons, prompting new policy proposals from the California State Legislature. Here, we examine proposed state wildfire-related legislation from the ten two-year legislative sessions between 2001–2002 and 2019–2020 to track trends and factors influencing wildfire-related legislative priorities. We first use Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling to identify 29 wildfire topics from the text of 294 bills. We next determine the degree to which legislators’ backgrounds, legislative procedures, and bill intent are correlated with bill topic. We find individual correlations but no overarching correlations between legislators’ personal and political backgrounds (e.g. political party, legislative experience, home district, bipartisanship), legislative procedures (i.e. committee review, state mandates, urgency measures), and bill intent (i.e. wildfire stage, commemorative bill, focus on specific geographic area or vulnerable group) with bill topics. However, we find that successful bills are correlated with review by Appropriations Committees, review by multiple committees, and a focus on specific geographic location. In the 2019–2020 legislative session, bill passage was correlated with Democratic sponsorship. Legislators tend to propose bills related to the dominant challenge or crisis of that legislative session (such as loss of homeowners’ insurance coverage or need for more fuels management), indicating the reactiveness of the legislature to statewide issues with new proposed legislation. These findings provide important insights into how legislative priorities change over time and the policy enablers and barriers for urgent climate change adaptation. Our results indicate a potentially fundamental policy shift in response to recent wildfires in California.
American Political Parties and Elections: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
American Political Parties and Elections: A Very Short Introduction examines the electoral process in the United States and explains why it is widely misunderstood. Why is participation in elections so much lower in the United States than in other mature democracies? What role do the political parties play in the electoral process? And why do unregulated groups such as 527 advocacy organizations have as much, if not more, influence than candidates’ campaign organizations? This VSI examines these and other issues to provide an insider’s view of how the system works and why there remain only two main political parties, despite the fact that many citizens claim allegiance to neither and think badly of both.
Far from the perfect democracy
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Americans, even those familiar with the details of the electoral process, remain convinced that American democracy represents the ideal toward which others should strive. “Far from the Perfect Democracy” examines some of the continuing flaws in the system that sees such low levels of participation, the unsatisfactory nomination process and election campaigns, and the huge costs and lack of competition in the process. While these flaws have been pointed out by many reformers, solutions are not necessarily easy to come by without creating new problems, and few politicians relish the challenge of putting aside their own political interests to address these issues.
Anarchism today
Authors: Prichard Alex 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the relative decline of Marxist-Leninism since 1989, anarchism has moved from the fringes of the left back to the centre. This chapter discusses the return of anarchism as a response to the second wave of neoliberal globalization after the end of the Cold War. From the Zapatistas, through to the so-called Battle of Seattle, and on to the global Occupy Wall Street movement, anarchism has been at the forefront of the global anti-capitalist movement. Moving on from protest movements, the chapter then shows how ubiquitous anarchist motifs and ideas are in contemporary popular culture, in particular in contemporary art, film, and music.
Creatures of difference
Authors: Belsey Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This opening chapter explains that poststructuralism groups a number of disparate theories concerning the relationship between human beings, the world, and the practice of making, reproducing, and challenging meanings. While these speculations differ from one another in important respects, they begin from certain common assumptions. On the one hand, poststructuralists affirm, consciousness is not the origin of the language we speak and the images we recognize, so much as the product of the meanings we learn and reproduce. On the other hand, communication changes all the time, with or without intervention from us, and we can choose to intervene with a view to altering the meanings—which is to say the norms and values—our culture takes for granted. The chapter proposes that poststructuralism offers a range of ways to consider our place in the world that compete with conventional explanations. It engages with the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, René Magritte, Amy Lowell, Julia Kristeva, and Roland Barthes in order to outline the importance of difference to poststructuralism.
The differed subject
Authors: Belsey Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to the theoretical work of Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, and Jacques Derrida, along with examples such as Titian’s Venus Blindfolding Cupid and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando, to examine how the subject of poststructuralism is neither unified nor an origin, and is thus a far cry from the unique individual who has traditionally represented humanity in the Free West. The difference between the terms ‘subject’ and ‘identity’ is outlined, and the chapter explores how psychoanalysis deepens poststructuralism’s questioning of the view that consciousness is an origin by redoubling consciousness with unconscious desires that exercise other determinations, according to an agenda we don’t even recognize. The free individual, poststructuralism proposes, is no longer either individual or free. Does this mean we cannot resist our own subjection and that cultural norms (about sex, gender, and binary oppositions, for example) are beyond challenge? No, though there might be a price to pay. The chapter engages with Foucault’s claim that there is by definition no power without the possibility of resistance, and it concludes with a discussion of poststructuralism’s radical edge in a world that often privileges unity and identity.
Difference or truth?
Authors: Belsey Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many people today are willing to surrender the idea that there is in all instances a single, authoritative truth to be discovered and defended. A common alternative is to hold that ‘it’s all subjective’, or that truth exists as the property of the individual. ‘It’s what I believe’, people say; ‘it’s true for me’. By this means they lay claim to a proper tolerance of other opinions, but at the same time they manage to hold on to the view that the individual consciousness is the place where ambiguities are resolved. Truth, they assume, must be a purely personal matter. Poststructuralism looks at the question differently, and this chapter examines how traditional notions of truth and knowledge are challenged by Derrida’s account of deconstruction and differance (with an a). If there are no pure, free-standing meanings, we look in vain, Derrida maintains, for the transcendental signified, the one true meaning that holds all the others in place. Metaphysical systems of belief, laying claim to the truth, appeal to a transcendental signified. But if we take meaning to be the effect of language, not its cause, these foundations lose their transcendental status. This does not reduce belief to the status of fiction, but it does undermine its anchorage in a truth beyond question. In consequence, absolute truth is no longer available as a source of authority; meaning becomes undecidable. Examples discussed include: the fiction of Jeanette Winterson, Toni Morrison, and Charles Dickens; Shakespeare’s poetry; Lévi-Strauss’s anthropology; and the art of Marcel Duchamp.
Emerging epigenetic therapies of cardiac fibrosis and remodelling in heart failure: from basic mechanisms to early clinical development
Authors: McKinsey Timothy A , Foo Roger , Anene-Nzelu Chukwuemeka George , Travers Joshua G , Vagnozzi Ronald J , Weber Natalie , Thum Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and specifically heart failure (HF) impact global health and impose a significant economic burden on society. Despite current advances in standard of care, the risks for death and readmission of HF patients remain unacceptably high and new therapeutic strategies to limit HF progression are highly sought. In disease settings, persistent mechanical or neurohormonal stress to the myocardium triggers maladaptive cardiac remodelling, which alters cardiac function and structure at both the molecular and cellular levels. The progression and magnitude of maladaptive cardiac remodelling ultimately leads to the development of HF. Classical therapies for HF are largely protein-based and mostly are targeted to ameliorate the dysregulation of neuroendocrine pathways and halt adverse remodelling. More recently, investigation of novel molecular targets and the application of cellular therapies, epigenetic modifications, and regulatory RNAs has uncovered promising new avenues to address HF. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on novel cellular and epigenetic therapies and focus on two non-coding RNA-based strategies that reached the phase of early clinical development to counteract cardiac remodelling and HF. The current status of the development of translating those novel therapies to clinical practice, limitations, and future perspectives are additionally discussed.
Signal transduction in non-climacteric fruit ripening
Authors: Wang Wei , Fan Dingyu , Hao Qing , Jia Wensuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFleshy fruit ripening involves changes in numerous cellular processes and metabolic pathways, resulting from the coordinated actions of diverse classes of structural and regulatory proteins. These include enzymes, transporters and complex signal transduction systems. Many aspects of the signaling machinery that orchestrates the ripening of climacteric fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have been elucidated, but less is known about analogous processes in non-climacteric fruits. The latter include strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and grape (Vitis vinifera), both of which are used as non-climacteric fruit experimental model systems, although they originate from different organs: the grape berry is a true fruit derived from the ovary, while strawberry is an accessory fruit that is derived from the floral receptacle. In this article, we summarize insights into the signal transduction events involved in strawberry and grape berry ripening. We highlight the mechanisms underlying non-climacteric fruit ripening, the multiple primary signals and their integrated action, individual signaling components, pathways and their crosstalk, as well as the associated transcription factors and their signaling output.
Validation of Delvotest® Fast BT for Detection of β-Lactams and Tetracyclines in Raw Cow’s Milk: Performance Tested MethodSM 102104
Authors: Jagesar Dhiredj C , Kerkhof Jan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Delvotest® Fast BT is a rapid test for qualitative detection of β-lactams and tetracycline residues in raw, comingled cow’s milk.

Objective
The test kit was validated under the AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM certification program. Detection capabilities of penicillin G and tetracycline residues were determined. Also, the test method ruggedness, cross-reactivities, interference and masking effects by other antibiotic residues, influence of bacterial and somatic cells, product consistency, and stability of the test kit were studied.

Method
The test cassette is placed in the specially designated incubator (Delvotest® Fast Start III), the milk sample is added to the loading site, and the cassette is incubated for 7 min at 50°C. The test result is read instrumentally using a specially designated reader (Delvotest® Fast Go Max).

Results
Measurements in the method developer study and subsequent confirmation during independent laboratory study showed detection capabilities of 2.1 ppb penicillin G and 95 ppb tetracycline. Regarding robustness, no false positives nor false negatives were found in the method ruggedness, cross-reactivity, masking, and interference studies. In addition, the test performance is not affected by a high number of bacterial or somatic cells present in the milk sample. Stability studies demonstrated good performance of the kit during the shelf life of 12 months.

Conclusions
The validation study demonstrates that Delvotest® Fast BT conforms to the product performance claims and confirms the robustness of the test toward small variations in the operation parameters and normally expected variations in milk samples.

Highlights
Delvotest® Fast BT provides users in the entire milk flow logistics from grass to glass (e.g. farmers and dairies) with a rapid and easy to use method for qualitative detection of β-lactams and tetracycline residues in raw cow's milk.
Role of dual anti-HER2 therapy before liver resection for rectal metastases
Authors: Dantu Siva , Khan Asama , Dhir Mashaal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This case presents a patient with a diagnosis of metastatic colon cancer on second-line chemotherapy. He demonstrated increased HER2 expression and was placed on dual HER2 antagonists. The patient had excellent repose and was ultimately able to undergo definitive liver resection for cure. We highlight the evolving use targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer to not only extend progression-free survival, but act as a bridge to surgery.
Adolescent Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Becher-Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Adolescents differ from adults physiologically, cognitively, and emotionally. This is a unique developmental period, characterized by a time of dramatic change in the life of every person in every corner of the world. The relatively uniform growth of childhood is suddenly shifted to an increase in the speed of growth and is characterized by rapid physical and psychological changes. It is important for emerging professionals who wish to work with this population to be familiar with the developmental issues and current trends in adolescent substance use and mental health disorders. Despite improvements in prevention and treatment services, adolescent substance abuse and co-existing disorders continue to be a major public health problem. Adolescent Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders is a textbook on adolescent substance abuse and co-existing mental and behavioral disorders aimed at students seeking a degree or certificate as an addiction counselor. The book’s 13 chapters consist of an Introduction and three sections: Adolescent Development, Co-Occurring Disorders, and Interventions and Treatment. Each chapter includes core content, side-bar points of interest, summary highlights, discussion questions, and recommendations for more digging and curiosity. Several chapters include case vignettes. A learner’s test question bank is also provided.
Externalizing and Related Disorders
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the traditional disorders that comprise the cluster of externalizing disorders:—attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD)—and their prevalence among adolescents. Schizophrenia and personality disorders are also considered as affiliated externalizing disorders. Discussed are the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of each disorder, along with case studies illustrating the disorder in an adolescent. Generally, the risk of developing a substance use disorder among youth with an externalizing disorder is greater than the risk if the youth has an internalizing disorder (e.g., depression). Many treatment options are available to treat externalizing disorders, including medication, psychotherapy, and education.
Motivational Enhancement Treatment
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe counseling and treatment approach that promotes motivation to change is motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and related strategies. This counseling strategy helps a client to address their reluctance about participating in counseling and making a commitment to change. The theoretical underpinnings of MET is the transtheoretical Stage of Change (SOC) model. This model posits that the behavioral health change process involves progress through six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, relapse, and maintenance. A common clinical approach as part of MET is motivational interviewing: The therapist uses feedback to help elicit “change talk” from the youth and eventually have them make a commitment to change. MET is typically delivered in conjunction with other treatment approaches to treat adolescents with a substance use disorder and co-occurring disorders.
12-Step-Based Treatment
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Twelve-step treatment and mutual help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), are common elements in the treatment and recovery of adolescents with a substance use disorder. Adapting the 12 steps for youth is recommended; these adaptations can retain the core step concepts and yet provide a more amenable version for teenagers. There is a growing descriptive research base supporting the efficacy of 12-step programs. Whereas there are no random assignment studies of 12-step treatment when delivered in a residential setting, 12-step facilitation as an outpatient program has shown promise when studied with controlled conditions. AA/NA self-help groups are free community resources that are widely available in most parts of the country and have no restriction on length of participation. The longer and more intensive the participation, the more likely the person will remain in recovery. Participation by adolescents in self-help groups is more likely when the age composition of a meeting includes many young people.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette’s Disorder
Authors: McNeel Morgan M. , Grebe Stacey C. , Clayton Rebecca J. , Schneider Sophie C. , Viana Andres G. , Mire Sarah S. , Omar Yasmine , Goodman Wayne K. , Storch Eric A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses considerations, methods, and procedures to assist clinicians in making differential diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or Tourette’s disorder (TD). After reviewing the respective clinical presentations and comorbidities of OCD, TD, and ASD, the chapter discusses the symptom overlap of these diagnoses. The shared features among OCD, TD, and the restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities seen in ASD can make differential or dual diagnosis challenging. Two clinical case studies, assessment recommendations, and a clinical decision-making tree are included to assist readers in making accurate differential diagnoses.
Introduction
Authors: Hynan Michael T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the evolution of neonatal intensive care from the 1960s to 2020. This historical progression includes the following stages: parents excluded from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); parents as “observers/visitors” during only a few hours of the day; parents welcome for more hours (except during shift changes and rounds) as partial care providers; parents encouraged to be primary care providers for as many hours a day as possible; NICU redesign incorporating single-family rooms to facilitate skin-to-skin contact and comfort of parents; and a newborn intensive parenting unit (NIPU) culture in which the health and emotional well-being of NIPU staff and parents are valued as much as the health of the high-risk infant. During this period, the culture of newborn intensive care has changed as parents increasingly spend more time with their infant and provide more caregiving activities. Notable changes include increased skin-to-skin contact, single-family rooms, family-centered and individualized developmental care, parent-to-parent support, and a greater emphasis on psychological services for both parents and intensive care staff.