bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality control and purification of ready-to-use conjugated gold nanoparticles to ensure effectiveness in biosensing
Authors: Wang Junjie , Giordani Stefano , Marassi Valentina , Roda Barbara , Reschiglian Pierluigi , Zattoni Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their conjugates are used for many applications in the field of sensors. Literature lacks procedures able to separate, purify and characterize these species in native conditions without altering them while assuring a high throughput. This technological gap can be reduced by exploiting Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation multidetection platforms (AF4 multidetection).Method: This work describes a complete set of strategies based on the AF4 system, from nanoparticle synthesis to separative method optimization to conjugates screening and characterization, achieving quantitative control and purification of ready-to-use conjugated Gold nanoparticles and ensuring effectiveness in biosensing.Results and Discussion: AF4-multidetection was used to study AuNPs with different types of surface coating [Poly ethylene glycol, (PEG) and Citrate], their binding behaviour with protein (Bovine serum albumin, BSA) and their stability after conjugation to BSA. A robust but flexible method was developed, able to be applied to different AuNPs and conjugating molecules. The morphology and conjugation mechanism of AuNPs-BSA conjugates were evaluated by combining online Multiangle light scattering (MALS) and offline Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measures, which provided an important feature for the quality control required to optimize bio-probe synthesis and subsequent bioassays.
Kinematics of the diffuse intragroup and intracluster light in groups and clusters of galaxies in the local universe within 100 Mpc distance
Authors: Arnaboldi Magda , Gerhard Ortwin 
Published: December 2022

Nearly all intragroup (IGL) and intracluster light (ICL) comes from stars that are not bound to any single galaxy but were formed in galaxies and later unbound from them. In this review we focus on the physical properties–phase space properties, metallicity and age distribution–of the ICL and IGL components of the groups and clusters in the local universe, within 100 Mpc distance. Kinematic–information on these very low surface brightness structures mostly comes from discrete tracers such as planetary nebulae and globular clusters, showing highly unrelaxed velocity distributions. Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations provide key predictions for the dynamical state of IGL and ICL and find that most IC stars are dissolved from galaxies that subsequently merge with the central galaxy. The increase of the measured velocity dispersion with radius in the outer halos of bright galaxies is a physical feature that makes it possible to identify IGL and ICL components. In the local groups and clusters, IGL and ICL are located in the dense regions of these structures. Their light fractions relative to the total luminosity of the satellite galaxies in a given group or cluster are between a few to ten percent, significantly lower than the average values in more evolved, more distant clusters. IGL and ICL in the Leo I and M49 groups, and the Virgo cluster core around M87, has been found to arise from mostly old (≥10 Gyr) metal-poor ([Fe/H] &lt;-1.0) stars of low-mass progenitor galaxies. New imaging facilities such as LSST, Euclid, and the “big eyes’’ on the sky–ELT and JWST with their advanced instrumentation–promise to greatly increase our knowledge of the progenitors of the IGL and ICL stars, their ages, metal content, masses and evolution, there by increasing our understanding of this enigmatic component.
Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment - Observation (PPLA-O) for adolescents (15–18 years) from grades 10–12: Development and initial validation through item response theory
Authors: Mota João , Martins João , Onofre Marcos 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAims of these studies were to develop the Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Observation instrument (PPLA-O) to assess the physical and part of the cognitive domain of Physical Literacy (PL) through data collected routinely by Physical Education (PE) teachers; and to assess the construct validity (dimensionality, measurement invariance, and convergent and discriminant validity) and score reliability of one of its modules [Movement Competence, Rules, and Tactics (MCRT)].MethodsContent analysis of the Portuguese PE syllabus and literature review were used for PPLA-O domain identification. Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) models were used to assess construct validity and reliability, along with bivariate correlations in a sample of 515 Portuguese grade 10–12 students (Mage = 16, SD = 1).ResultsPPLA-O development resulted in an instrument with two modules: MCRT (22 physical activities) and Health-Related Fitness (HRF; 5 protocols); both assessed with teacher-reported data entered in a spreadsheet. A two correlated dimensions Graded Response Model (Manipulative-based Activities [MA], and Stability-based Activities [SA]) showed best fit to the MCRT data, suggesting measurement invariance across sexes, and adequate to good score reliabilities (MA = .89, and SA = .73). There was a moderate to high correlation (r = .68) between dimensions, and boys had higher scores in both dimensions. Correlations among MCRT scores and HRF variables were similar in magnitude to previous reports in meta-analysis and systematic reviews.ConclusionsPPLA-O is composed of two modules that integrate observational data collected by PE teachers into a common frame of criterion-referenced PL assessment. The HRF module uses data collected through widely validated FITescola® assessment protocols. The MCRT makes use of teacher-reported data collected in a wide range of activities and movement pursuits to measure movement competence and inherent cognitive skills (Tactics and Rules). We also gathered initial evidence supporting construct validity and score reliability of the MCRT module. This highly feasible instrument can provide Portuguese grade 10–12 (15–18 years) PE students with feedback on their PL journey, along with the other instrument of PPLA (PPLA-Questionnaire). Further studies should assess inter and intra-rater reliability and criterion-related validity of its two modules.
Transfer of sustainability training in land and conservation agriculture project: A behavioral study in Iran
Authors: Ataei Pouria , Sadighi Hassan , Abbasi Enayat , Chizari Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe transfer of sustainability training means applying the skills, attitudes, and knowledge acquired from training to the workplace to help sustainability and environmental protection. This study aimed to conduct a behavioral analysis of sustainability training transfer among farmers that had attended extension-training courses on the Land and Conservation Agriculture Project (LCAP) in Iran.MethodsThis research is quantitative and applied research that was carried out via a standardized survey. The research population was composed of all farmers who attended LCAP extension training courses in the three provinces of Golestan, Fars, and Khouzestanin, Iran (N=1204). 291 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A panel of experts established the content and face validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to check the reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha.Results and discussionFindings indicated that most farmers had sustainability training transfer at a high level. The analysis with a structural equation model revealed that perceived content validity, transfer design, opportunity to use, supervisor support, trainer characteristics, peer support, motivation to transfer, transfer effort -performance expectations, performance coaching, and personal capacity for transfer influenced farmers' intention to transfer sustainability training significantly and positively. Furthermore, farmers' intentions had a significant effect on their transfer of sustainability training. It can be concluded that a sustainability training transfer system is applicable to a training context related to sustainable agriculture and can provide a useful instrument for agricultural education organizations when investing in farmers' training.
Survival in canine tetanus – retrospective analysis of 42 cases (2006–2020)
Authors: Zitzl Johannes , Dyckers Jens , Güssow Arne , Lehmann Hendrik , Hazuchova Katarina 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo define factors associated with survival in dogs with tetanus and to evaluate the prognostic significance of an established severity classification scheme.MethodsMedical records of dogs with the clinical diagnosis of tetanus were retrospectively reviewed with regard to signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings on admission, wound characteristics, complications, therapeutic measures, and survival to discharge. Based on the extracted data, dogs were graded according to a previously published 4-class severity scheme. Non-parametric tests were applied for comparisons between survival categories.ResultsForty-two dogs fulfilled inclusion criteria, of which 32 survived. Of 10 non-survivors, 4 died and 6 were euthanised. Non-survivors were more often younger than 2 years of age (6/10 vs. 7/32 dogs,p= 0.023), had shorter duration of specific signs of tetanus (time from onset of typical signs to presentation) (2 vs. 4 days,p= 0.016), were prescribed less often antibiotics prior to presentation (p= 0.006), had higher tetanus severity grade (10/12 dogs in Class III or IV died,p&lt; 0.001), more often received acepromazine (p= 0.009) and atropine (p= 0.012), and more often had hyperthermia (p= 0.005) and respiratory complications (pneumonia, laryngeal spasm;p= 0.008). Wound characteristics, the use of tube feeding, metronidazole, methocarbamol, magnesium and antitoxin were not significantly different between non-survivors and survivors.Clinical significance and conclusionYoung dogs with a rapid course of severe generalized tetanus have a guarded prognosis. The previously described severity classification scheme proved valuable in predicting survival. Prospective multi-center studies are needed to clarify the prognostic significance of age, sedative usage and modified versions of an established classification scheme, including the presence of respiratory complications.
Use of a new antimicrobial consumption monitoring system (Vet-AMNet): Application to Dutch dairy sector over a 9-year period
Authors: Moura Pedro , Sanders Pim , Heederik Dick , Van Geijlswijk Ingeborg Marianne , Niza-Ribeiro João 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe urgency of preventing the increase of antimicrobial resistance has been emphasized by international authorities such as the World Health Organization, European Medicines Agency, and World Organization for Animal Health. Monitoring systems capable of reporting antimicrobial consumption data are regarded as a crucial pillar of this fight. The Vet-AMNet system was developed to collect and analyze national antimicrobial consumption data in Portuguese dairy farms to support the veterinary authority in stewardship actions and to assist both veterinarians and farmers in daily decisions related to antimicrobials.MethodsTo evaluate the robustness of the system and other identified critical success factors, it was used to analyze antimicrobial consumption data available from the Dutch dairy cow sector over the period from 2012 to 2020. The data previously used for publications by the Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute (SDa) were imported and pre-processed by the Vet-AMNet system according to the SDa's standard operating procedure and the Dutch metrics to measure antimicrobial consumption were calculated.ResultsBy comparing the outputs with the figures generated by the system established in the Netherlands, the Portuguese system was validated. Antimicrobial consumption data from the Dutch dairy sector during the 9-year period will be presented in unpublished graphs and tables, where each molecule's pharmaceutical formulation, pharmacotherapeutic group and line of choice will be related and discussed, illustrating the evolution of sectorial antimicrobial consumption against a background of a strong national antimicrobial policy initiated by public-private cooperation and supported by legislation.
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases in a Hospitalised Migrant Population in Paris, France, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Stabler Sarah , Paccoud Olivier , Duchesne Léa , Piot Marie-Aude , Valin Nadia , Decré Dominique , Girard Pierre-Marie , Lalande Valérie , Lacombe Karine , Surgers Laure 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) carriage and its risk factors in hospitalized migrants. Additionally, the prevalence of infectious diseases was evaluated, as well as symptoms of psychological trauma.Methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric cross-sectional study including all migrant patients recently arrived and hospitalised over a one-year period.Results: Among 101 patients, seventy-nine percent originated from Sub-Saharan Africa. The overall AMR carriage rate was 20.7% [95% CI: 12.4; 28.9%]. We isolated 5/92 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (5.4%) and 15/92 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16.4%). AMR carriage was associated with older age, region of origin and length of migration. Rates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection were 39.6%, 32.7%, and 5%, reflecting sampling bias linked to reasons for hospitalization. Eleven percent had serological evidence of treponemasis and 7.8% had Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Symptoms of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder were observed for more than half the patients.Conclusion: It appears essential to offer a systematic and comprehensive post-arrival screening of AMR carriage, infectious diseases and psychological trauma to subjects who experienced migration.
On the need for structuring of the Integrated Public Transport System -IPTS of Bogotá, Colombia as a Viable System
Authors: Cabrera-Moya Diego Rafael Roberto , Prieto-Rodríguez Germán Alfonso 
Published: December 2022

Whilst there has been an increasing recognition that public transport systems are complex systems Lu and Shi (2007); (Pezzillo Iacono, Mangia, Canonico, & De Nito, 2010; Sienkiewicz & Hołyst, 2005) and therefore require of complex systems approaches to their analysis and design, there is not yet many examples in the literature to illustrate how this could be done and which would the learning be of taking such analytical approach. To contribute in this research path, this article analyses the trunk component of the Integrated Public Transport System of Bogotá (IPTS) as a business ecosystem, from the perspective of the Viable System Model (VSM). We first present the conceptual bases of the VSM and then present the methodological fundamentals to model the ITPS as a complex system under this chosen optics. Following a longitudinal analysis approach, we then model the complexity of the IPTS – and its environmental niche over the last 15 years since its inception. This preliminary analysis indicates that the development of the IPTS has not coped well with the variety of the urban development, so the IPTS does not exhibit requisite variety. A heuristic to continue this type of analysis is suggested that allows strategic systems’ design and re-development, based on this model. Finally, we present our reflections about how this research path respond to existing questions in the literature in public transport systems and OR.
La RFA mal défendue par l’OTAN ? Le point de vue d’un pacifiste ouest-allemand
Authors: Ruf Werner 
Published: December 2022

The Federal Republic of Germany ill defended by the NATO ? The point of view of a pacifist from Western Germany.
As soon as 1968, the «Greens», in FRG were a very diversified movement for the defence of ecology and peace. While the German electorate is deeply worked upon by new tendencies, huge internal and external pressures are exerted on the movement. Facing the new perspectives of peace opened by Soviet policy, Bonn’s Occidental allies, mainly France, multiply their efforts in order to trim the FRG to the Atlantic ship. But the German people might find in the present changes occurring in the USSR a matter satisfying its need of security, since the NATO does not want and cannot offer it to them.
Les mouvements sociaux en France à l’épreuve de la guerre d’Algérie
Authors: Bouayed Anissa 
Published: December 2022

Adoptant une approche chronologique, serrant au plus près les faits, l’auteur décrit comment l’opposition à la guerre coloniale, acte minoritaire en 1954, s’est peu à peu grossie pour toucher des secteurs déplus en plus importants de la société et emporter l’adhésion d’une majorité de Français qui finalement, rattrapant l’histoire ont approuvé massivement les accords d’Évian consacrant l’indépendance algérienne.
Dans la France de l’époque, les pesanteurs historiques étaient telles qu’être solidaire des Algériens qui se battaient pour leur indépendance n’allait pas de soi et supposait souvent, du moins jusqu’à l’adoption par de Gaulle du principe d’autodétermination, des combats à contre courant de l’opinion. La dimension morale, humanitaire et la défense de la République contre les factieux contribuèrent largement à étayer la stricte solidarité anticolonialiste.
Les États-Unis en quête de stratégie en Afrique
Authors: Ben Hammouda Hakim 
Published: December 2022

L’auteur commente la récente tournée diplomatique du président Clinton en Afrique. Traçant à grands traits l’évolution de l’Afrique dans le monde, il commente les grilles de lecture de la politique américaine en Afrique les plus courantes (Démocratie ; Droits de l ’ homme ; Économie de marché ; Rivalités) pour les réfuter.
Les aspects sécuritaires (lutte contre les États “terroristes ”) ou économiques lui paraissent plus explicatifs de la démarche actuelle des États-Unis. Mais le niveau du commerce américano-africain reste encore dérisoire pour faire face, dans ce domaines, à l’attente des pays africains.
Le forum de Sao Paulo : dix ans déjà !
Authors: Buresi Joaquin 
Published: December 2022

Depuis dix ans le Forum de Sao Paulo tient presque chaque année une assemblée qui réunit la plupart des courants idéologiques de la gauche d'Amérique latine. Dès son origine il s'est inscrit contre le capitalisme, contre l'impérialisme et les systèmes de démocraties restreintes sous tutelle et se réclame de l'unité d'action dans les formes de lutte.
Le Forum, dont l'axe de gravité est clairement situé à la gauche de la social-démocratie internationale, sert tout à la fois de lieu de débat, de caisse de résonance et de force d'impulsion. Depuis 1997, le Forum peine cependant à imaginer de façon consensuelle une alternative au néolibéralisme.
La «Table ronde des industriels», un lobby pas comme les autres
Authors: Chartier François 
Published: December 2022

A l’heure où la question de l’adoption d’une constitution européenne occupe le devant de l’actualité et où l’orientation néo-libérale de la construction européenne est de plus en plus remise en cause, on peut se demander quelle influence ont eu les entreprises multinationales sur les grandes orientations de l’intégration européenne. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, le nombre des lobbies représentants l’industrie à Bruxelles a considérablement augmenté, mais parmi ceux-ci deux organisations ont été particulièrement active : l’UNICE le syndicat patronal européen et la Table ronde européenne des industriels ou ERT.
Le début des années 80 marque très nettement la monté een puissance des multinationales. Ainsi alors que l’UNICE représentait l’ensemble des acteurs patronaux, elle est peu à peu devenue le porte parole exclusif des grandes firmes multinationales. A la même époque un certain nombre de patrons se sont réunis pour former l'ERT afin de chercher à relancer la construction européenne en faveur de leurs intérêts. Aujourd’hui, l’UNICE et l’ERT travaillent main dans la main et exercent de manière complémentaire et très efficace, leur influence sur les institutions européennes et tout particulièrement la Commission.
Les nouveaux visages du lobbying économique en Europe
Authors: Rocbour Jean-Luc 
Published: December 2022

En Europe le lobbying économique est nécessairement discret car il n’appartient pas à la tradition culturelle et politique dominante. Il est désormais prioritairement engagé dans la bataille d’accompagnement du désengagement de l’État des systèmes de production d’échange et de répartition des richesses produites. Plus que la pression sur tel ou tel dossier le lobbying s’emploie à peser pour disqualifier l’intervention du politique et obtenir qu’il n’agisse plus en tant que tel dans le processus de décision économique en organisant la disparition de ses moyens légaux d’action.
Seule la mise en œuvre d’une exigence forte, celle de la régulation sociale, pourra inverser le cours des choses.
Concurrence, monopoles et commande publique
Authors: Saby-Fosdaj Jean-François 
Published: December 2022

La loi du marché, devenue en deux décennies l'aune incontournable à laquelle doit s’étalonner de manière quasi dogmatique l'activité humaine dans sa globalité, conduit à la marchandisation croissante du monde. Malgré cela, les politiques publiques, sous des habillages de libéralisme échevelé, ont cependant souvent pour objet d’assurer la protection des intérêts privés nationaux. Le droit positif des marchés publics, fer de lance de l’ouverture à la concurrence des monopoles publics particulièrement sur les activités de services, est à cet égard assez révélateur des contradictions profondes des appareils d’État : laisser croire à l’ouverture maximum des marchés à la concurrence tout en préservant les intérêts nationaux sous couvert d’une pseudo-régulation des échanges.
Ainsi, les bons sentiments du développement durable ou de l’altermondialisation se heurtent-ils constamment à la soif de profits des opérateurs nationaux ou transnationaux pour lesquels les règles communes de l’ouverture des marchés n’ont d’intérêt que si, dans le même temps, elles leur garantissent la protection de leurs marchés intérieurs.
Le droit du développement : grandeur et décadence
Authors: Charvin Robert 
Published: December 2022

C’est sous l’action organisée des pays sous-développés que se constitue, dans les années 70, après la décolonisation, un véritable droit du développement s’appuyant sur la création d’une série d’institutions dans le cadre des Nations unies et se voulant dérogatoire au droit international général.
Ce droit du développement constatant que le principe de l’égalité de traitement est équitable seulement entre égaux, propose de mettre en place celui de l’inégalité compensatrice. Mais les puissances industrielles mettront tout en œuvre pour le rendre inefficient et imposeront finalement un «droit des affaires» internationales favorable aux intérêts des firmes transnationales.
L’accélération du processus de mondialisation a mis un terme à la tentative d’édification de ce droit nouveau, tout comme elle remet en cause le droit international classique lui-même.
De la guerre aux élections : déni de droit en Irak
Authors: Barbancey Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Envisagée de longue date, l’intervention militaire en Irak verra ses préparatifs s’accélérer après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Sans caution de l’ONU, elle se fait dans les pires conditions et, après un rapide renversement du régime, se heurte à des résistances multiformes qui interdisent toute reconstruction du pays.
Les élections - sous occupation américano-britannique et sans observateurs internationaux - révèlent les ambitions des différents protagonistes du jeu politique irakien.