bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storage variability controls seasonal runoff generation in catchments at the threshold between energy and water limitation
Authors: Grande Emilio , Zimmer Margaret A. , Mallard John M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnnual water balance calculations may elide intra‐annual variability in runoff generation, which could limit understanding of the similarities and differences between water‐ and energy‐limited catchments. This may be especially important in comparisons between catchments close to the threshold between water‐ and energy‐limitation. For this study, we examined runoff generation as a function of catchment storage in four watersheds, with focus on two that exist close to these thresholds, to identify how year‐to‐year variability in storage that results in intra‐annual variations of runoff generation efficiency. Specifically, we focused on one energy‐limited catchment in the humid subtropics and one water‐limited catchment in a Mediterranean climate. We used measured and calculated daily water balance components to calculate variations in the relative magnitude of daily storage. We isolated precipitation events to draw connections between storage and runoff generation at intra‐annual scales and compared our findings to the same metrics in two intensely energy‐limited landscapes. We observed distinct stages in daily storage across water years in watersheds at the threshold, where systems experienced wet‐up, plateau, and dry‐down stages. During the wet‐up, precipitation was partitioned to storage and runoff ratios (RR) were low. In the plateau, storage was filled and precipitation was partitioned to runoff, causing high RRs. During the dry‐down, storage decreased as precipitation was partitioned to evapotranspiration and runoff, causing low RRs. The critical role of evapotranspiration during the growing season resulted in relatively higher RRs during the wet‐up than during the dry‐down for a given storage value. Thus, the same storage amount was partitioned to evapotranspiration or runoff differently throughout the year, depending on the storage stage. Despite their different positions on opposite sides of the threshold, the similarity between the two focus catchments suggests a potential characteristic behaviour of systems at the threshold common to both humid and semi‐arid landscapes.
On the urgent need for standardization in isotope‐based ecohydrological investigations
Authors: Millar Cody , Janzen Kim , Nehemy Magali F. , Koehler Geoff , Hervé‐Fernández Pedro , Wang Hongxiu , Orlowski Natalie , Barbeta Adrià , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcohydrological investigations commonly use the stable isotopes of water (hydrogen and oxygen) as conservative ecosystem tracers. This approach requires accessing and analysing water from plant and soil matrices. Generally, there are six steps involved to retrieve hydrogen and oxygen isotope values from these matrices: (1) sampling, (2) sample storage and transport, (3) extraction, (4) pre‐analysis processing, (5) isotopic analysis, and (6) post‐processing and correction. At each step, cumulative errors can be introduced which sum to non‐trivial magnitudes. These can impact subsequent interpretations about water cycling and partitioning through the soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum. At each of these steps, there are multiple possible options to select from resulting in tens of thousands of possible combinations used by researchers to go from plant and soil samples to isotopic data. In a newly emerging field, so many options can create interpretive confusion and major issues with data comparability. This points to the need for development of shared standardized approaches. Here we critically examine the state of the process chain, reflecting on the issues associated with each step, and provide suggestions to move our community towards standardization. Assessing this shared ‘process chain’ will help us see the problem in its entirety and facilitate community action towards agreed upon standardized approaches.
Maribavir Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Participants With Moderate Hepatic Impairment: A Phase 1, Open‐Label, Single‐Dose, Parallel Group Study
Authors: Song Ivy , Chen Grace , Wu Jingyang , Ilic Katarina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaribavir, an orally bioavailable antiviral, has shown superior activity against posttransplant cytomegalovirus infection compared with conventional antivirals. It is primarily metabolized in the liver. This open‐label, single‐center study evaluated the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of maribavir in nontransplant participants. A single 200‐mg dose of maribavir was administered orally under fasting conditions to participants with moderate hepatic impairment (Child–Pugh class B) (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10) matched for age, weight, sex, and smoking status. Compared with participants with normal hepatic function, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to infinity values for maribavir in participants with moderate hepatic impairment were 1.346‐fold (90%CI of geometric mean ratio, 1.091–1.660) and 1.261‐fold (0.889–1.787) higher, respectively. However, Cmax and AUC values for unbound maribavir were comparable. For VP 44469, the main metabolite of maribavir, the Cmax and AUC from time 0 to infinity values were 1.190‐fold (0.836–1.693) and 1.309‐fold (1.007–1.702) higher, respectively, in participants with moderate hepatic impairment. In total, 7 mild treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported, all in the moderate hepatic impairment group. Dysgeusia was the most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse event, at a frequency of 50%. These results indicated that total maribavir concentrations were mildly increased in participants with moderate hepatic impairment, while unbound concentrations were unaffected. Similar maribavir pharmacokinetics in participants with moderate hepatic impairment and normal hepatic function suggest that dose adjustment may not be required for patients with moderate hepatic impairment.
Perspectives of medical students on future work‐life balance in Japan: A qualitative study using postlecture comments
Authors: Matsui Tomoko , Inoue Machiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, work‐life balance (WLB) has grown in popularity among medical professionals, and an increasing number of institutions are including WLB lectures into medical school curricula. In Japan, medical student lectures concerning WLB were given in at least 50% of universities. However, with these changes in social awareness, it is not fully clear how current medical students view WLB. The purpose of this study is to explore how Japanese medical students think about their future WLB from the perspective of constructivism.MethodWe used one of the present authors' work career and life cycle as an example of a physician's career in a lecture for medical students on community medicine in 2020. Students were asked to remark on their thoughts on the talk and their views on future WLB, and we analyzed their comments qualitatively to understand the current male and female medical students' perspectives on future WLB.ResultWe used the feedback of 119 participants (71 males and 48 females). Most students, regardless of gender, thought WLB was essential, but the factors they mentioned as being connected to WLB mirrored the continuing traditional notions of gender‐based division of labor and doctors' fixed‐job image. Male students' views, on the other hand, were more varied, reflecting recent generational shifts.ConclusionsFor the improved WLB in medical doctors, it would be required to tackle the problem from several angles, including not just increasing support for WLB but also fostering an awareness of the essence of WLB in pregraduate medical school.
Rapid and reliable inactivation protocols for the diagnostics of emerging viruses: The example of SARS‐CoV‐2 and monkeypox virus
Authors: Quéromès Grégory , Frobert Emilie , Bouscambert‐Duchamp Maude , Oblette Antoine , Valette Martine , Billaud Geneviève , Escuret Vanessa , Lina Bruno , Morfin Florence , Gaymard Alexandre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe emergence and sustained transmission of novel pathogens are exerting an increasing demand on the diagnostics sector worldwide, as seen with the ongoing severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic and the more recent public health concern of monkeypox virus (MPXV) since May 2022. Appropriate and reliable viral inactivation measures are needed to ensure the safety of personnel handling these infectious samples. In the present study, seven commercialized diagnosis buffers, heat (56°C and 60°C), and sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent (2.0%, 1.0%, and 0.5% final concentrations) were tested against infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 and MPXV culture isolates on Vero cell culture. Cytopathic effects were observed up to 7 days postinoculation and viral load evolution was measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. The World Health Organization recommends an infectious titer reduction of at least 4 log10. As such, the data show efficacious SARS‐CoV‐2 inactivation by all investigated methods, with >6.0 log10 reduction. MPXV inactivation was also validated with all investigated methods with 6.9 log10 reductions, although some commercial buffers required a longer incubation period to yield complete inactivation. These results are valuable for facilities, notably those without biosafety level‐3 capabilities, that need to implement rapid and reliable protocols common against both SARS‐CoV‐2 and MPXV.
Solving the agency problem via a networked supplier social media platform
Authors: Grant Susan B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper considers the use of incentives and signals by a dominant player to solve an agency problem across a network using a social media platform. An information sharing model underpinned by reward incentives and information visibility, to drive competitive information sharing across homogenous suppliers, is proposed, and builds on early work in the area. The study was exploratory in nature and involved conducting 57 interviews and 3 workshops over a 4‐month period across a UK insurance supply chain. The data revealed that when appropriate incentives are combined with information visibility, the Principal can effectively align the suppliers interests with their own desire for supply chain wide information sharing. The research contributes to extant literature on agency theory by extending the Principal Agent (PA) issue arising in a dyadic contractual relationship, to solving agency issues across a network.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on recruitment for the working women walking program
Authors: Daniel Manju , Buchholz Susan W. , Schoeny Michael , Halloway Shannon , Kitsiou Spyros , Johnson Tricia , Vispute Sachin , Kapp Monica , Wilbur JoEllen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) affected many aspects of randomized controlled trials, including recruiting and screening participants. The purpose of this paper is to (a) describe adjustments to recruitment and screening due to COVID‐19, (b) compare the proportional recruitment outcomes (not completed, ineligible, and eligible) at three screening stages (telephone, health assessment, and physical activity assessment) pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 onset, and (c) compare baseline demographic characteristics pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 onset in the Working Women Walking program. The design is a cross‐sectional descriptive analysis of recruitment and screening data from a 52‐week sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART). Participants were women 18–70 years employed at a large urban medical center. Recruitment strategies shifted from in‐person and electronic to electronic only post‐COVID‐19 onset. In‐person eligibility screening for health and physical activity assessments continued post‐COVID‐19 onset with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention precautions. Of those who expressed interest in the study pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 onset (n = 485 & n = 269 respectively), 40% (n = 194) met all eligibility criteria pre‐COVID‐19 onset, and 45.7% (n = 123) post‐COVID‐19 onset. Although there were differences in the proportions of participants who completed or were eligible for some of the screening stages, the final eligibility rates did not differ significantly pre‐COVID‐19 versus post‐COVID‐19 onset. Examination of differences in participant demographics between pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 onset revealed a significant decrease in the percentage of Black women recruited into the study from pre‐ to post‐COVID‐19 onset. Studies recruiting participants into physical activity studies should explore the impact of historical factors on recruitment.
Targeted therapy in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: Where are we now?
Authors: De Vos Nele , Hofmans Mattias , Lammens Tim , De Wilde Bram , Van Roy Nadine , De Moerloose Barbara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJuvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare and aggressive clonal neoplasm of early childhood, classified as an overlap myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasm by the World Health Organization. In 90% of the patients with JMML, typical initiating mutations in the canonical Ras pathway genes NF1, PTPN11, NRAS, KRAS, and CBL can be identified. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) currently is the established standard of care in most patients, although long‐term survival is still only 50–60%. Given the limited therapeutic options and the important morbidity and mortality associated with HSCT, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Hyperactivation of the Ras pathway as disease mechanism in JMML lends itself to the use of targeted therapy. Targeted therapy could play an important role in the future treatment of patients with JMML. This review presents a comprehensive overview of targeted therapies already developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in patients with JMML.
Consensus definition of essential, optimal, and suggested components of a pediatric sickle cell disease center
Authors: Hulbert Monica L. , Manwani Deepa , Meier Emily Riehm , Alvarez Ofelia A. , Brown R. Clark , Callaghan Michael U. , Campbell Andrew D. , Coates Thomas D. , Frei‐Jones Melissa J. , Hankins Jane S. , Heeney Matthew M. , Hsu Lewis L. , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Quinn Charles T. , Shah Nirmish , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Thornburg Courtney , Kanter Julie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) requires coordinated, specialized medical care for optimal outcomes. There are no United States (US) guidelines that define a pediatric comprehensive SCD program. We report a modified Delphi consensus‐seeking process to determine essential, optimal, and suggested elements of a comprehensive pediatric SCD center. Nineteen pediatric SCD specialists participated from the US. Consensus was predefined as 2/3 agreement on each element's categorization. Twenty‐six elements were considered essential (required for guideline‐based SCD care), 10 were optimal (recommended but not required), and five were suggested. This work lays the foundation for a formal recognition process of pediatric comprehensive SCD centers.
Heritable cancer predisposition testing in pediatric cancer patients excluding retinoblastoma in a middle‐income country
Authors: El Khatib Omar , Yahya Yasser , Mahfouz Rami , Hamadeh Lama , Basbous Maya , Abboud Miguel R. , Muwakkit Samar , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Jeha Sima , Saab Raya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResource‐limited settings often have financial barriers to genetic testing for heritable cancer. This retrospective study investigated the pattern of heritable cancer predisposition testing in a middle‐income country over the period 2014–2021, excluding retinoblastoma. After establishing a specific fund in 2019, rate of tests increased from 1.1% to 10.9% of new diagnoses. Most common testing was for constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD), rhabdoid predisposition syndrome, TP53 (tumor protein 53) mutation, and hereditary cancer panel. Of 33 patients, 13 (39%) tested positive, 12 (36%) negative, and eight (24%) had variants of unknown significance. Positivity rate was 43% for a clinical phenotype and 44% for a tumor type indication.
Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of Kevlar fiber composite sandwich panel with truss core reinforced bynano‐SiO2
Authors: Nosratbakhsh Mohammad , Rostamiyan Yasser , Maddah Soroush 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present paper addresses the flexural and compressive properties of Kevlar fiber reinforced sandwich panels with a truss core reinforced by nano‐SiO2. For this purpose, a polymer composite sandwich panel with a truss core made of Kevlar fiber and resin epoxy has been fabricated in this experiment using the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding method. Afterward, polyurethane foam was injected into the empty space of the sandwich panel. In order to determine the flexural and compressive strength of the composite structures, the sandwich panels have been subjected to three‐point bending and compressive load. The main findings were: adding 1 and 3 wt% of nano‐SiO2into the Kevlar fiber had the most desirable effects on the enhancement of flexural and compressive strength of the sandwich panels, polyurethane foam has improved the mechanical strength of sandwich panels, and the novel lozenge core can well postpone the buckling and failure of the composite sandwich structures.
Thermo‐responsive dielectric pulse in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyethylene glycol fibrous mats
Authors: Zhou Weijie , Gong Yutie , Li Hairong , Huang Jing , Liu Qiongxin , Wang Wei , Qu Xiaoyuan , Jiang Ming , Sun Jiuxiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermo‐responsive dielectric materials have attracted broad attention in smart electronic device applications. Here, we present a facile one‐step fabrication technique of thermo‐responsive dielectric fibrous mats via efficient solution blow spinning of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/polyethylene glycol (PVDF/PEG). A strong room‐temperature dielectric pulse is triggered by thermally induced crystalline–amorphous phase transition of the PEG. The PVDF, serving as a host, enables the fibrous mats not only to attain solid–solid phase transition but also to spontaneously provide the self‐supportability. The dielectric pulse mechanism in PVDF/PEG based on crystalline–amorphous phase transition is clearly demonstrated. The all‐polymer dielectric pulsing composites hold great potential in next‐generation electronic engineering, exemplified by the creation of flexible, long‐service‐life, and low‐cost smart electrical devices.
Comparison of survival prediction values of different scoring models for patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portal shunt: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yuyi , Mu Zhiyong , Xiong Wei , Hu Hong , Liu Aimin , An Xuan , Xu Yuqiang , Yu Haohong , Wang Jinneng , Wang Jun , Xiao Xiao , Chen Dongfeng , Wen Liangzhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to compare the prognostic values of the Child–Pugh, integrated model for end‐stage liver disease (iMELD), albumin–bilirubin (ALBI), and Freiburg index of postsurvival (FIPS) scores in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective study including patients who underwent TIPS by collecting data from several hospitals in southwest China between January 2014 and February 2021. We compared the performance of different scoring models for survival prediction in these patients. The performance of each scoring model was assessed via area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe study included 378 TIPS patients (268 men, 110 women; median age 52 [interquartile range, 45–60] years). Age; cirrhosis etiology; ascites severity; albumin levels; international normalized ratio; total bilirubin levels; sodium levels; and Child–Pugh, iMELD, ALBI, and FIPS scores were significant prognostic factors in cirrhotic patients who underwent TIPS. The Child–Pugh, iMELD, ALBI, and FIPS scores were all independent predictors of survival in TIPS patients. Survival analysis showed that all scoring models effectively stratified the prognostic risk of these patients. The Child–Pugh score was the best predictor of postoperative survival, followed by the ALBI and FIPS scores. The iMELD score was the worst predictor. The Child–Pugh, iMELD, ALBI, and FIPS scores predicted the 1‐year postoperative survival, with AUROC values of 0.832, 0.677, 0.761, and 0.745, respectively, and the 3‐year postoperative survival, with AUROC values of 0.710, 0.668, 0.721, and 0.658, respectively. The calibration curve showed that the Child–Pugh, ALBI, and FIPS models performed well in predicting 1‐ and 3‐year survival, whereas the iMELD model was a poor predictor.ConclusionsThe four scoring models can predict survival in cirrhotic patients after TIPS and can effectively stratify prognostic risk. The Child–Pugh score may be more suitable for predicting survival after TIPS in patients with liver cirrhosis.
The crystalline behavior of poly(L‐lactide) induced by nucleating agents with amide structure: The effect of benzamide molecule symmetry
Authors: He Zejian , Shao Haifeng , Zhang Nannan , Li Jie , Xiao Hai , Weng Tianhang , Zhou Mi , Wen Bianying , Chen Yulong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmide nucleating agents have been reported to be effective in promoting poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) crystallization, while few research efforts have focused on the structure–activity relationship of the nucleating agents which is one basic issue to develop new agents. In this work, three amide nucleating agents with different symmetry were designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of the symmetry of benzamide nucleating agents on PLLA crystallization. It is found that the C3 symmetric amide structure of N, N′, N″‐tricyclohexyl‐1,3,5‐benzenetriamine (BTCA) agent can form a highly oriented structure by a triple hydrogen bond of π–π bond and benzene ring and can act as efficient nucleation sites. In addition, the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond with PLLA would further promote the crystallization of PLLA. In general, it is the self‐assembled ability and intramolecular hydrogen bonding with PLLA affects the rate and degree of PLLA crystallinity, and we find the C3 symmetric amide structure exhibits the best performance.
Multistage Electron Distribution Engineering of Iridium Oxide by Codoping W and Sn for Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: He Jing , Fu Gang , Zhang Jiaxu , Xu Ping , Sun Jianmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeveloping efficient and robust anodic electrocatalysts to implement the proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is critical for hydrogen generation. Nevertheless, the only known applicable anode catalyst IrOx in PEM electrolyzers still requires high overpotential due to the weak binding energy between oxygen intermediates and active sites, limiting its wide applications. Herein, a ternary Ir0.7W0.2Sn0.1Ox nanocatalyst synthesized through a sol–gel strategy, exhibits a low overpotential of 236 mV (10 mA cm‐2geo) for thoxygen evolution reaction (OER), accompanied with robust durability over 220 h at 1 A cm‐2geo in 0.5 m H2SO4. Moreover, the optimized Ir0.7W0.2Sn0.1Ox delivers a prominent mass activity of 722.7 A g‐1Ir at 1.53 V (vs RHE), which is around 34 times higher compared with that of IrOx. The mircrostructural analyses reveal that codoping of W and Sn stabilizes Ir with a valence state lower than 4+ through multistage charge redistribution, avoiding the overoxidation of Ir above 1.6 V versus RHE and enhancing the acidic OER performance. Additionally, density functional theory calculations reveal that codoping of W and Sn moves the d band center of Ir to the Fermi level, thus enhancing the binding energies of oxygen intermediates with Ir sites and decreasing the energy barrier toward acidic OER.