bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing salinity stress decreases the thermal tolerance of amphibian tadpoles in coastal areas of Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Ming-Feng , Cheng Yu-Jie , Andersen Desiree , Borzée Amaël , Wu Chi-Shiun , Chang Yuan-Mou , Yang Yi-Ju , Jang Yikweon , Kam Yeong-Choy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is the main cause for the rise of both global temperatures and sea-level, both major variables threatening biodiversity. Rising temperatures threaten to breach the thermal limits of organisms while rising sea-level threatens the osmotic balance of coastal animals through habitat salinization. However, variations in thermal tolerance under different salinity stresses have not yet been thoroughly studied. In this study, we assessed the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of amphibian tadpoles in different salinity conditions. We collected tadpoles ofDuttaphrynus melanostictus,Fejervarya limnocharisandMicrohyla fissipesfrom coastal areas and housed them in freshwater, low, and high salinity treatments for 7 days of acclimation. The CTmax, survival rate, and development rate of tadpoles in high salinity treatments were significantly lower than that of the two other treatments. Our results indicate that physiological performances and heat tolerances of tadpoles are negatively affected by salinization. Maximum entropy models showed that CTmax and sea-level rise are predicted to negatively affect the distribution of the three focal species. The present results suggest that global warming can lead to negative dual-impacts on coastal animals because of reduced thermal tolerances at elevated salinity. The impacts of global warming on anurans in coastal areas and other habitats impacted by salinization may be more severe than predicted and it is likely to cause similar dual-impacts on other ectotherms.
Congenital sideroblastic anemia model due to ALAS2 mutation is susceptible to ferroptosis
Authors: Ono Koya , Fujiwara Tohru , Saito Kei , Nishizawa Hironari , Takahashi Noriyuki , Suzuki Chie , Ochi Tetsuro , Kato Hiroki , Ishii Yusho , Onodera Koichi , Ichikawa Satoshi , Fukuhara Noriko , Onishi Yasushi , Yokoyama Hisayuki , Yamada Rie , Nakamura Yukio , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Harigae Hideo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractX-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA), the most common form of congenital sideroblastic anemia, is caused by a germline mutation in the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2) gene. In XLSA, defective heme biosynthesis leads to ring sideroblast formation because of excess mitochondrial iron accumulation. In this study, we introduced ALAS2 missense mutations on human umbilical cord blood-derived erythroblasts; hereafter, we refer to them as XLSA clones. XLSA clones that differentiated into mature erythroblasts showed an increased frequency of ring sideroblast formation with impaired hemoglobin biosynthesis. The expression profiling revealed significant enrichment of genes involved in ferroptosis, which is a form of regulated cell death induced by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Notably, treatment with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, caused a higher proportion of cell death in XLSA clones. XLSA clones exhibited significantly higher levels of intracellular lipid peroxides and enhanced expression of BACH1, a regulator of iron metabolism and potential accelerator of ferroptosis. In XLSA clones, BACH1 repressed genes involved in iron metabolism and glutathione synthesis. Collectively, defective heme biosynthesis in XLSA clones could confer enhanced BACH1 expression, leading to increased susceptibility to ferroptosis. The results of our study provide important information for the development of novel therapeutic targets for XLSA.
Comparison of sleep quality deterioration by subgroup of painful temporomandibular disorder based on diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Auh Q-Schick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic pain conditions, including temporomandibular disorders, are closely related to poor sleep quality. This study investigated whether sleep deterioration in patients with painful temporomandibular disorder differed depending on the origin of pain, and also analyzed which clinical disease characteristics and whether psychological distress affected sleep quality. A total of 337 consecutive patients (215 women; mean age, 33.01 ± 13.01 years) with painful temporomandibular disorder (myalgia [n=120], temporomandibular joint arthralgia [n=62], mixed joint–muscle temporomandibular disorder pain [n=155]), who were assessed and classified based on the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (DC/TMD), were enrolled. They completed a battery of standardized reports on clinical sign and symptoms, and answered questions on sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and patients’ psychological status. The mean global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly higher in the mixed temporomandibular disorder pain group (6.97 ± 3.38) and myalgia group (6.40 ± 3.22) than in the arthralgia group (5.16 ± 2.94) (p=0.001). Poor sleepers were significantly more prevalent in the mixed temporomandibular disorder pain group (76.8%) and myalgia group (71.7%) than in the arthralgia group (54.8%) (p=0.006). The presence of psychological distress in the myalgia group (β=1.236, p=0.022), global severity index of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised in the arthralgia group (β=1.668, p=0.008), and presence of headache (β=1.631, p=0.002) and self-reported sleep problems (β=2.849, p<0.001) in the mixed temporomandibular disorder pain group were associated with an increase in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score. Ultimately, as the source of pain in painful temporomandibular disorder can affect and determine sleep quality and contributing factors, and as the complex interplay between sleep and pain can vary, a comprehensive treatment approach is necessary because good sleep is required by patients.
Concordance of the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity assessed by quantitative ultrasound lung texture analysis in fetuses of twin pregnancies
Authors: Moreno-Espinosa Ana L. , Hawkins-Villarreal Ameth , Burgos-Artizzu Xavier P. , Coronado-Gutierrez David , Castelazo Santiago , Lip-Sosa Diana L. , Fuenzalida Javiera , Gallo Dahiana M. , Peña-Ramirez Tatiana , Zuazagoitia Paula , Muñoz Miriam , Parra-Cordero Mauro , Gratacòs Eduard , Palacio Montse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the concordance of the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity (NRM) assessed by quantitative ultrasound lung texture analysis (QuantusFLM) between twin fetuses of the same pregnancy. Prospective study conducted in twin pregnancies. Fetal ultrasound lung images were obtained at 26.0–38.6 weeks of gestation. Categorical (high or low) and continuous results of the risk of NRM were compared between twins. Fetal ultrasound lung images from 131 pairs (262 images) of twins were included. The images were classified into three gestational age ranges: Group 1 (26.0–29.6 weeks, 78 images, 39 pairs [29.8%]); Group 2 (30.0–33.6 weeks, 98 images, 49 pairs [37.4%]) and Group 3 (34.0–38.6 weeks, 86 images, 43 pairs [32.8%]). Concordance was good in Groups 1 and 3 and moderate in Group 2. In Groups 2 and 3 at least one fetus presented high-risk results in 26.5% and 11.6% of twin pairs, respectively. Only gestational age < 32 weeks, gestational diabetes mellitus, and spontaneous conception were associated with a high risk of NRM in Group 2. There was good concordance of the risk of NRM between twins < 30.0 weeks and > 34.0 weeks. From 30.0 to 33.6 weeks 26.5% of the twin pairs had discordant results, with moderate concordance of the risk of NRM.
A study of the oxidative processes in human plasma by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Wybranowski Tomasz , Ziomkowska Blanka , Cyrankiewicz Michał , Bosek Maciej , Pyskir Jerzy , Napiórkowska Marta , Kruszewski Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the evaluation of the oxidative processes in human plasma. To investigate the impact of oxidative stress on the fluorescence of plasma, five studied markers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, ischemia modified albumin, carbonyl groups, hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products) were chosen as oxidative damage approved markers. Our method presents several advantages over traditional methods as it is a direct, non-time-consuming, repeatable, and non-invasive technique that requires only simple pre-treatment of samples without additional reagents and the sample size needed for analysis is small. In principle, each modification of the protein in plasma can be expected to modify its fluorescence properties and hence its lifetime or intensity. The study involved 59 blood donors with no evidence of disease. The research was conducted at excitation wavelengths of 280 nm and 360 nm, and emission was measured at wavelengths of 350 nm and 440 nm, respectively. Our results, although preliminary, suggest that the application of fluorescence measurements can be considered as an effective marker of oxidative stress. Regression analyses showed that a notable growth in fluorescence intensity at 440 nm and a simultaneous decrease in fluorescence intensity and mean fluorescence lifetime at 350 nm are associated with higher levels of oxidative stress.
Deep learning body-composition analysis of clinically acquired CT-scans estimates creatinine excretion with high accuracy in patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Pieters Tobias T. , Veldhuis W. B. , Moeskops P. , de Vos B. D. , Verhaar M. C. , Haitjema S. , Huitema A. D. R. , Rookmaaker M. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssessment of daily creatinine production and excretion plays a crucial role in the estimation of renal function. Creatinine excretion is estimated by creatinine excretion equations and implicitly in eGFR equations like MDRD and CKD-EPI. These equations are however unreliable in patients with aberrant body composition. In this study we developed and validated equations estimating creatinine production using deep learning body-composition analysis of clinically acquired CT-scans. We retrospectively included patients in our center that received any CT-scan including the abdomen and had a 24-h urine collection within 2 weeks of the scan (n = 636). To validate the equations in healthy individuals, we included a kidney donor dataset (n = 287). We used a deep learning algorithm to segment muscle and fat at the 3rd lumbar vertebra, calculate surface areas and extract radiomics parameters. Two equations for CT-based estimate of RenAl FuncTion (CRAFT 1 including CT parameters, age, weight, and stature and CRAFT 2 excluding weight and stature) were developed and compared to the Cockcroft-Gault and the Ix equations. CRAFT1 and CRAFT 2 were both unbiased (MPE = 0.18 and 0.16 mmol/day, respectively) and accurate (RMSE = 2.68 and 2.78 mmol/day, respectively) in the patient dataset and were more accurate than the Ix (RMSE = 3.46 mmol/day) and Cockcroft-Gault equation (RMSE = 3.52 mmol/day). In healthy kidney donors, CRAFT 1 and CRAFT 2 remained unbiased (MPE = − 0.71 and − 0.73 mmol/day respectively) and accurate (RMSE = 1.86 and 1.97 mmol/day, respectively). Deep learning-based extraction of body-composition parameters from abdominal CT-scans can be used to reliably estimate creatinine production in both patients as well as healthy individuals. The presented algorithm can improve the estimation of renal function in patients who have recently had a CT scan. The proposed methods provide an improved estimation of renal function that is fully automatic and can be readily implemented in routine clinical practice.
Incorporation of machine learning and deep neural network approaches into a remote sensing-integrated crop model for the simulation of rice growth
Authors: Jeong Seungtaek , Ko Jonghan , Shin Taehwan , Yeom Jong-min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) and deep neural network (DNN) techniques are promising tools. These can advance mathematical crop modelling methodologies that can integrate these schemes into a process-based crop model capable of reproducing or simulating crop growth. In this study, an innovative hybrid approach for estimating the leaf area index (LAI) of paddy rice using climate data was developed using ML and DNN regression methodologies. First, we investigated suitable ML regressors to explore the LAI estimation of rice based on the relationship between the LAI and three climate factors in two administrative rice-growing regions of South Korea. We found that of the 10 ML regressors explored, the random forest regressor was the most effective LAI estimator, and it even outperformed the DNN regressor, with model efficiencies of 0.88 in Cheorwon and 0.82 in Paju. In addition, we demonstrated that it would be feasible to simulate the LAI using climate factors based on the integration of the ML and DNN regressors in a process-based crop model. Therefore, we assume that the advancements presented in this study can enhance crop growth and productivity monitoring practices by incorporating a crop model with ML and DNN plans.
Radiation shift from triple to quadruple frequency caused by the interaction of terahertz pulses with a nonlinear Kerr medium
Authors: Artser Ilya , Melnik Maksim , Ismagilov Azat , Guselnikov Mikhail , Tcypkin Anton , Kozlov Sergei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh-intensity optical radiation propagation in a transparent dielectric medium causes the phenomena of pulse self-action and radiation generation at triple frequencies due to the cubic nonlinearity of the medium. However, quadratic nonlinear effects usually outshine the cubic ones in anisotropic nonlinear crystals. In this work, we demonstrate that for certain experimental parameters the nonlinear effect of the third order can be stronger than the second order one in the MgO:$$\hbox {LiNbO}_3$$

LiNbO
3

crystal for terahertz frequency range. We experimentally and theoretically show that this effect can lead to the significant modification of the classical phenomenon of radiation generation at triple frequencies in the case when the pulse represents only one complete oscillation of the optical field. The experiment demonstrated that the phenomenon of generation of radiation at triple frequencies with respect to the frequency of the maximum spectral density in a nonlinear medium of the pulse disappears, and it is replaced by the generation of radiation at quadruple frequencies. The analysis confirms that this effect is based on the asymmetry and large width of the initial spectrum of such extremely short pulses in terms of the number of oscillations.
Chord: an ensemble machine learning algorithm to identify doublets in single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Xiong Ke-Xu , Zhou Han-Lin , Lin Cong , Yin Jian-Hua , Kristiansen Karsten , Yang Huan-Ming , Li Gui-Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a popular method, but it is accompanied by doublet rate problems that disturb the downstream analysis. Several computational approaches have been developed to detect doublets. However, most of these methods may yield satisfactory performance in some datasets but lack stability in others; thus, it is difficult to regard a single method as the gold standard which can be applied to all types of scenarios. It is a difficult and time-consuming task for researchers to choose the most appropriate software. We here propose Chord which implements a machine learning algorithm that integrates multiple doublet detection methods to address these issues. Chord had higher accuracy and stability than the individual approaches on different datasets containing real and synthetic data. Moreover, Chord was designed with a modular architecture port, which has high flexibility and adaptability to the incorporation of any new tools. Chord is a general solution to the doublet detection problem.
Enhancement and manipulation of optical interaction between coupled nano-waveguides in hollow-core fibers
Authors: Xie Shangran , Gao Ran , Jiang Yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptomechanical forces between evanescently coupled nano-waveguides serve as useful mechanisms to configure versatile functionalities of macro- and nano-devices. Strategies for boosting the optomechanical interaction strength are particularly compelling for the field of nanotechnologies. Here we show that the optical coupling strength between nano-waveguides can be enhanced by orders of magnitude when they are confined in hollow-core fibers. The presence of hollow core greatly increases the overlap integral between the nano-waveguides through excitation of the core modes. The excited higher-order core modes are able to mediate a long-range optomechanical interaction between the waveguides even though they are separated by tens of optical wavelength. It is found that the optical forces between the nanofibers can be switched from attractive to repulsive ones purely by tuning the gap between the nanofibers due to the optomechanical back-action effect induced by the higher-order core modes. The enhanced optomechanical coupling can be exploited to manipulate the collective eigenfrequencies of the coupled nano-waveguides via the optical spring effect. Our observation may find applications on the design of waveguide couplers embedded in the hollow core, or to realize miniaturized acoustic sensors.
Regional asymmetry in the response of global vegetation growth to springtime compound climate events
Authors: Li Jun , Bevacqua Emanuele , Chen Chi , Wang Zhaoli , Chen Xiaohong , Myneni Ranga B. , Wu Xushu , Xu Chong-Yu , Zhang Zhenxing , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompound climate events can strongly impact vegetation productivity, yet the direct and lagged vegetation productivity responses to seasonal compound warm-dry and cold-dry events remain unclear. Here we use observationally-constrained and process-based model data and analyze vegetation productivity responses to compound events of precipitation and temperature in spring and summer across global mid-to-high latitudes. We find regional asymmetries in direct and lagged effects of compound warm-dry events. In high-latitudes (>50°N), compound warm-dry events raise productivity. In contrast, in mid-latitudes (23.5–50°N/S), compound warm-dry events reduce productivity and compound warm-dry springs can cause and amplify summer droughts, thereby reducing summer productivity. Compound cold-dry events impose direct and lagged adverse impacts on productivity in mid-to-high latitudes, exceeding the impacts from individual cold and dry events. Our results highlight the benefits of a multivariate perspective on vegetation vulnerability as precipitation and temperature often covary and jointly drive vegetation impacts.
Influence of micro‐water on AC breakdown characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture under non‐uniform electric field
Authors: Yang Yuan , Gao Keli , Bi Jiangang , Ding Lijian , Yuan Shuai , Wang Guangzhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe application of eco‐friendly C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture has become a hot topic in the power industry. To obtain the influence law of micro‐water on the AC insulation characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture, breakdown tests were carried out under different non‐uniform electric fields and micro‐water volume fractions. With the gap distance of 1 mm and the electric field non‐uniform coefficient less than 4.42, the breakdown voltage is positively correlated with gas pressure. With the gap distance of 6 mm and the electric field non‐uniform coefficient of 9.28, the breakdown voltage shows a typical N‐type change trend with the increase of gas pressure. With the gap distance of 9 mm and the electric field non‐uniform coefficient up to 16.45, the breakdown voltage shows a typical N‐type change trend with the increase of gas pressure. Micro‐water has a negative effect on breakdown voltage under different electric fields, meanwhile the breakdown voltage of slightly non‐uniform electric field is greatly affected by micro‐water, and the influence of micro‐water on breakdown voltage is different under different gas pressures. Therefore, the influence of operating gas pressure and slightly non‐uniform electric field should be considered when the micro‐water control index of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture insulated equipment is formulated.
Comprehensive X-ray view of the active nucleus in NGC 4258
Authors: Masini A. , Wijesekera J. V. , Celotti A. , Boorman P. G. 
Published: May 2022

Context.The presence of water masers orbiting around the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 4258, one of the most studied extragalactic objects, has been crucial in developing a detailed picture of its nuclear environment. Nonetheless, its accretion rate and bolometric luminosity are still matter of debate, as there are indications that NGC 4258 may host a genuine radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF).Aims.In this context, we present a detailed broadband X-ray spectrum of NGC 4258, with the goal of precisely measuring the coronal luminosity and accretion flow properties of the AGN, in addition to tracking any possible variation across two decades of observations.Methods.We collected archivalXMM-Newton,Chandra,Swift/BAT, andNuSTARspectroscopic observations spanning 15 years and fit them with a suite of state-of-the-art models, including a warped disk model that is suspected to provide the well known obscuration observed in the X-rays. We complemented this information with archival results from the literature.Results.A clear spectral variability is observed among the different epochs. The obscuring column density shows possibly periodic fluctuations on a timescale of 10 years, while the intrinsic luminosity displays a long-term decrease by a factor of three across a time span of 15 years (fromL2−10 keV ∼ 1041erg s−1in the early 2000s toL2−10 keV ∼ 3 × 1040erg s−1in 2016). The average absorption-corrected X-ray luminosityL2−10 keV, combined with archival determinations of the bolometric luminosity, implies a bolometric correctionkbol ∼ 20; this result is intriguingly typical for Seyferts powered by accretion through geometrically thin, radiatively efficient disks. Moreover, the X-ray photon index Γ is consistent with the typical value of the broader AGN population. However, the accretion rate in Eddington units is very low, well within the expected RIAF regime.Conclusions.Our results suggest that NGC 4258 is a genuinely low-luminosity Seyfert II, with no strong indications in its X-ray emission for a hot, RIAF-like accretion flow.