bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التحليل المكاني للسكن العشوائي في مدينة بغداد
Authors: فليح مهيب 
Published: February 2022

لقد رافقت ظاهرة السكن العشوائي تطور المدينة منذ القرن التاسع عشر، وخصوصا بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية ، ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤرار ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل الاسر الجديدة، ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ تركوا الحياة ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ بالسكن ﻤﻊ عوائلهم. فقد ظهرت هذه الحالات بشكل واضح في المدن الغربية خلال وبعد الثورة الصناعية ، ولكن هذه المشكلة استفحلت حتى وصلت إلى دول العالم الثالث في الخمسينات من القرن الماضي، فأصبحت بذلك مشكلة عالمية ، ولاقت اهتمام من قبل الباحثين على كافة اختصاصاتهم . ففي منتصف الخمسينات وبداية الستينات من القرن الماضي ازدادت هجرة السكان في دول العالم الثالث من الريف إلى المدنية بشكل كبير جدا ، مما أدى إلى التضخم الكبير للمدن واتساع رقعة المخالفات العشوائية فيها.
ولعل مشكلة السكن العشوائي من اكبر المشاكل التي تعاني منها مدينة بغداد كون ان هذه المشكلة تمس بالدرجة الاولى الحاجة الاولوية للانسان الا وهي السكن المريح والصحي ، كما وان السكن العشوائي يشكل عائق كبير ومحدد امام تنفيذ العديد من الخطط الاستراتيجية للمدينة ظهيرها.
EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN TRIPTOFAN PADA PAKAN KOMERSIL UNTUK MENEKAN TINGKAT KANIBALISME UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Ardina Dhea Salsa , Supono Supono , Santoso Limin 
Published: February 2022

The obstacle in vaname cultivation is the high death rate due to cannibalism. The effort that can be done is giving tryptophan. Tryptophan as serotonin synthesis in the brain so that it helps suppress the level of aggressiveness thereby reducing shrimp cannibalism. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of cannibalism, growth and survival of vaname shrimp fed tryptophan in feed, and to determine the optimal dose in the addition of tryptophan to comercial fed. Design in this research used a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 4 replications: (A) Control (without tryptophan), (B) 1,0% tryptophan/kg feed, (C) 1,5% tryptophan/kg feed. Parameters observed were cannibalism rate, absolute weight growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio and water quality. The results showed that the addition of tryptophan to commercial feed had a significant effect (P?0.05) on each treatment. Treatment C, which is the addition of 1,5% tryptophan, is the most optimal treatment where the vannamei shrimp cannibalism rate has the lowest value of 2,50%, absolute weight growth of 0,38 grams, survival rate of 94%, and feed conversion ratio of 0,50. Water quality parameters are in a good range for vaname shrimp culture. Key words : canibalism, tryptophan, Vannamei shrimp
UPGRADING BATUBARA SUB-BITUMINOUS MENGGUNAKAN COATING CONDENSATE NATURAL GAS
Authors: Safriza I. , Handayani H.E. Eko , Bahrin D. 
Published: February 2022

Batubara di Indonesia pada umumnya memiliki kandungan air cukup tinggi rata-rata antara 30-50%. Apabila nilai kalornya dapat ditingkatkan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi tertentu sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah kandungan airnya secara signifikan, batubara jenis ini akan sangat diminati pasar karena masuk kategori batubara bersih (clean coal). Salah satu zat yang dapat ditambahkan ke dalam batubara adalah Condensate Natural Gas. Condensate Natural Gas merupakan hasil pemisahan dari Natural Gas yang merupakan bahan bakar alternatif sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan. Nilai kalori dari Condensate Natural Gas sekitar 10.000-12.000 kalori/gram. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi upgrading batubara yang menggunakan jenis batubara sub-bituminous. Hasil analisis menunjukkan batubara setelah proses upgrading dan diberikan coating condensate natural gas, kadar air bawaan mengalami mengalami penurunan menjadi 15,19%, abu 7,23%, zat terbang 34,81%, karbon padat 42,77%. Hasil analisis ultimat batubara Tanjung Enim sesudah diberikan coating condensate natural gas, yaitu karbon dengan nilai 54,09%, hidrogen 7,73%, nitrogen 0,81%, dan sulfur 0,52%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa batubara yang diberikan coating condensate natural gas mengalami kenaikan kalori dari nilai 5253 kal/gr menjadi 6291 kal/gr.
Kata kunci: Batubara sub-bituminous, proses upgrading, nilai kalor
Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Ditinjau Dari Karakteristik Umur Dan Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Sekarini Sekarini 
Published: February 2022

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi yang serius yang dapat menghambat perkembangan anak pada masa-masa berikutnya, meningkatkan resiko kesakitan dan kematian pada balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara umur dan jenis kelamin dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah puskesmas Kepanjen Kabupaten Malang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh dengan besar sampel sebanyak 438 balita menggunakan laporan hasil timbang bulan Agustus 2020. Variable independent dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin dan kategori umur balita, variable dependent adalah kejadian stunting. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Chi Square.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari setengah responden berada pada kategori usia toddler, lebih dari setengah responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki.dan responden yang pendek dan sangat pendek sejumlah 16.2%. Hasil cross tabulasi antara umur dengan kejadian stunting menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara umur balita dengan kejadian stunting dengan nilai p-value sebesar .000, namun sebaliknya tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian stunting yang dapat dilihat dari nilai p (.656) >0.005. Semakin muda usia, angka kejadian stunting semakin tinggi dan semakin bertambah usia maka kejadian stuntingnya semakin rendah.
Pendampingan yang intensif oleh tenaga kesehatan sangat dibutuhkan oleh kelompok masyarakat ibu menyusui dan ibu dengan anak dibawah usia tiga tahun mengenai ASI eksklusif, asupan nutrisi anak, asupan nutrisi ibu menyusui dan posyandu rutin sebagai upaya mencegah stunting secara dini pada anak-anak dengan usia yang lebih muda.
Gender moderates the association between chronic academic stress with top-down and bottom-up attention
Authors: Wright Bradley J. , Wilson Kira-Elise , Kingsley Michael , Maruff Paul , Li Jian , Siegrist Johannes , Horan Ben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch on the relationship between chronic stress and cognition is limited by a lack of concurrent measurement of state-anxiety, physiological arousal, and gender. For the first time, we assessed the impact of these factors on top-down/conscious (simple and choice reaction time) and bottom-up/reflexive (saccadic reaction time) measures of attention using CONVIRT virtual-reality cognitive tests. Participants (N = 163) completed measures of academic stress (effort-reward imbalance; ERI) and state-anxiety while heart-rate variability was recorded continuously throughout the experiment. Gender moderated the association between academic stress with the top-down measures (b = -0.002, t = -2.023, p = .045; b = -0.063, t = -3.080, p = .002) and higher academic stress was associated with poorer/slower reaction times only for male participants. For bottom-up attention, heart rate variability moderated the relationship between academic stress and saccadic reaction time (b = 0.092, t = 1.991, p = .048), and only female participants who were more stressed (i.e., ERI ≥ 1) and displayed stronger sympathetic dominance had slower reaction times. Our findings align with emerging evidence that chronic stress is related to hyperarousal in women and cognitive decrements in men. Our findings suggest that higher ERI and sympathetic dominance during cognitive testing was associated with poorer bottom-up attention in women, whereas for men, academic stress was related with poorer top-down attention irrespective of sympathovagal balance.
Dynamical Implantation of Blue Binaries in the Cold Classical Kuiper Belt
Authors: Nesvorný David , Vokrouhlický David , Fraser Wesley C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Colors and binarity provide important constraints on the Kuiper Belt formation. The cold classical objects at radial distance r = 42–47 au from the Sun are predominantly very red (spectral slope s > 17%) and often exist as equal-size binaries (∼30% observed binary fraction). This has been taken as evidence for the in situ formation of cold classicals. Interestingly, a small fraction (∼10%) of cold classicals is less red with s < 17%, and these “blue” bodies are often found in wide binaries. Here we study the dynamical implantation of blue binaries from r < 42 au. We find that they can be implanted into the cold classical belt from a wide range of initial radial distances, but the survival of the widest blue binaries—2001 QW322 and 2003 UN284—implies formation at r > 30 au. This would be consistent with the hypothesized less-red to very-red transition at 30 < r < 40 au. For any reasonable choice of parameters (Neptune’s migration history, initial disk profile, etc.), however, our model predicts a predominance of blue singles, rather than blue binaries, which contradicts existing observations. We suggest that wide blue binaries formed in situ at r = 42–47 au and their color reflects early formation in a protoplanetary gas disk. The predominantly VR colors of cold classicals may be related to the production of methanol and other hydrocarbons during the late stages of the disk, when the temperature at 45 au dropped to ≃20 K and carbon monoxide was hydrogenated.
Leptonic Nonthermal Emission from Supernova Remnants Evolving in the Circumstellar Magnetic Field
Authors: Sushch Iurii , Brose Robert , Pohl Martin , Plotko Pavlo , Das Samata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed from a number of supernova remnants (SNRs) indicates particle acceleration to high energies at the shock of the remnants and a potentially significant contribution to Galactic cosmic rays. It is extremely difficult to determine whether protons (through hadronic interactions and subsequent pion decay) or electrons (through inverse Compton scattering on ambient photon fields) are responsible for this emission. For a successful diagnostic, a good understanding of the spatial and energy distribution of the underlying particle population is crucial. Most SNRs are created in core-collapse explosions and expand into the wind bubble of their progenitor stars. This circumstellar medium features a complex spatial distribution of gas and magnetic field which naturally strongly affects the resulting particle population. In this work, we conduct a detailed study of the spectro-spatial evolution of the electrons accelerated at the forward shock of core-collapse SNRs and their nonthermal radiation, using the RATPaC code that is designed for the time- and spatially dependent treatment of particle acceleration at SNR shocks. We focus on the impact of the spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field through the efficiency of diffusion and synchrotron cooling. It is demonstrated that the structure of the circumstellar magnetic field can leave strong signatures in the spectrum and morphology of the resulting nonthermal emission.
First Results from SMAUG: Insights into Star Formation Conditions from Spatially Resolved ISM Properties in TNG50
Authors: Motwani Bhawna , Genel Shy , Bryan Greg L. , Kim Chang-Goo , Pandya Viraj , Somerville Rachel S. , Smith Matthew C. , Ostriker Eve C. , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Forbes John C. , Belfiore Francesco , Pakmor Rüdiger , Hernquist Lars 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Physical and chemical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at subgalactic (∼kiloparsec) scales play an indispensable role in controlling the ability of gas to form stars. In this paper, we use the TNG50 cosmological simulation to explore the physical parameter space of eight resolved ISM properties in star-forming regions to constrain the areas of this hyperspace where most star-forming environments exist. We deconstruct our simulated galaxies spanning a wide range of mass (M
⋆ = 107–1011
M
⊙) and redshift (0 ≤ z ≤ 3) into kiloparsec-sized regions and statistically analyze the gas/stellar surface densities, gas metallicity, vertical stellar velocity dispersion, epicyclic frequency, and dark-matter volumetric density representative of each region in the context of their star formation activity and environment (radial galactocentric location). By examining the star formation rate (SFR) weighted distributions of these properties, we show that stars primarily form in two distinct environmental regimes, which are brought about by an underlying bicomponent radial SFR profile in galaxies. We examine how the relative prominence of these regimes depends on galaxy mass and cosmic time. We also compare our findings with those from integral field spectroscopy observations and find similarities as well as departures. Further, using dimensionality reduction, we characterize the aforementioned hyperspace to reveal a high degree of multicollinearity in relationships among ISM properties that drive the distribution of star formation at kiloparsec scales. Based on this, we show that a reduced 3D representation underpinned by a multivariate radius relationship is sufficient to capture most of the variance in the original 8D space.
The Effects of Tilt on the Time Variability of Millimeter and Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A*
Authors: White Christopher J. , Quataert Eliot 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using a combination of general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations and ray tracing of synchrotron emission, we study the effect of modest (24°) misalignment between the black hole spin and plasma angular momentum, focusing on the variability of total flux, image centroids, and image sizes. We consider both millimeter and infrared (IR) observables motivated by Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), though our results apply more generally to optically thin flows. For most quantities, tilted accretion is more variable, primarily due to a significantly hotter and denser coronal region well off the disk midplane. We find (1) a 150% increase in millimeter light-curve variability when adding tilt to the flow; (2) the tilted image centroid in the millimeter shifts on a scale of 3.7 μas over 28 hr (5000 gravitational times) for some electron temperature models; (3) tilted disk image diameters in the millimeter can be 10% larger (52 versus 47 μas) than those of aligned disks at certain viewing angles; (4) the tilted models produce significant IR flux, similar to that seen in Sgr A*, with comparable or even greater variability than observed; and (5) for some electron models, the tilted IR centroid moves by more than 50 μas over several hours, in a similar fashion to the centroid motion detected by the GRAVITY interferometer.
Inferred Measurements of the Zodiacal Light Absolute Intensity through Fraunhofer Absorption Line Spectroscopy with CIBER
Authors: Korngut P. M. , Kim M. G. , Arai T. , Bangale P. , Bock J. , Cooray A. , Cheng Y. T. , Feder R. , Hristov V. , Lanz A. , Lee D. H. , Levenson L. , Matsumoto T. , Matsuura S. , Nguyen C. , Sano K. , Tsumura K. , Zemcov M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Scattered sunlight from the interplanetary dust (IPD) cloud in our solar system presents a serious foreground challenge for spectrophotometric measurements of the extragalactic background light (EBL). In this work, we report on inferred measurements of the absolute intensity of the zodiacal light (ZL) using the novel technique of Fraunhofer line spectroscopy on the deepest 8542 Å line of the near-infrared Ca ii absorption triplet. The measurements are performed with the narrow band spectrometer (NBS) on board the Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment sounding rocket instrument. We use the NBS data to test the accuracy of two ZL models widely cited in the literature, the Kelsall and Wright models, which have been used in foreground removal analyses that produce high and low EBL results respectively. We find a mean reduced χ
2 = 3.5 for the Kelsall model and χ
2 = 2.0 for the Wright model. The best description of our data is provided by a simple modification to the Kelsall model, which includes a free ZL offset parameter. This adjusted model describes the data with a reduced χ
2 = 1.5 and yields an inferred offset amplitude of 46 ± 19 nW m−2 sr−1 extrapolated to 12500 Å. These measurements elude to the potential existence of a dust cloud component in the inner solar system whose intensity does not strongly modulate with the Earth’s motion around the Sun.
Intrinsic Lyα Profiles of High-velocity G, K, and M Dwarfs
Authors: Youngblood Allison , Pineda J. Sebastian , Ayres Thomas , France Kevin , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Wood Brian E. , Redfield Seth , Schlieder Joshua E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Observations of H i Lyman α, the brightest UV emission line of late-type stars, are critical for understanding stellar chromospheres and transition regions, modeling photochemistry in exoplanet atmospheres, and measuring the abundances of neutral hydrogen and deuterium in the interstellar medium. Yet Lyα observations are notoriously challenging owing to severe attenuation from interstellar gas, hindering our understanding of this important emission line’s basic morphology. We present high-resolution far- and near-UV spectroscopy of five G, K, and M dwarfs with radial velocities large enough to Doppler-shift the stellar Lyα emission line away from much of the interstellar attenuation, allowing the line core to be directly observed. We detect self-reversal in the Lyα emission-line core for all targets, and we show that the self-reversal depth decreases with increasing surface gravity. Mg ii self-reversed emission-line profiles provide some useful information to constrain the Lyα line core, but the differences are significant enough that Mg ii cannot be used directly as an intrinsic Lyα template during reconstructions. We show that reconstructions that neglect self-reversal could overestimate intrinsic Lyα fluxes by as much as 60%–100% for G and K dwarfs and 40%–170% for M dwarfs. The five stars of our sample have low magnetic activity and subsolar metallicity; a larger sample size is needed to determine how sensitive these results are to these factors.
Hard-state Optical Wind during the Discovery Outburst of the Black Hole X-Ray Dipper MAXI J1803–298
Authors: Mata Sánchez D. , Muñoz-Darias T. , Cúneo V. A. , Armas Padilla M. , Sánchez-Sierras J. , Panizo-Espinar G. , Casares J. , Corral-Santana J. M. , Torres M. A. P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present 12 epochs of optical spectroscopy taken across the discovery outburst of the black hole (BH) candidate MAXI J1803−298 with the Gran Telescopio Canarias and Very Large Telescope. The source followed a standard outburst evolution with hard and soft states. The system displays a triangular shape in the hardness intensity diagram, consistent with that seen in high-inclination BH transients and the previously reported detection of X-ray dips. The two epochs observed during the initial hard state exhibited asymmetric emission-line profiles, including a P-Cygni profile simultaneously detected in Hα and He i 6678, which indicates the presence of an optical wind in the system. The remaining spectra, obtained during the transition to the soft state and the subsequent decay, are instead characterized by narrower, double-peaked emission lines embedded into broad absorption components. One epoch (intermediate state) also includes near-infrared (NIR) coverage, revealing complex line profiles in the Paschen and Bracket series, which suggests that the outflow is still present during the outburst decay through the soft state. The growing list of low-mass X-ray binaries with optical and NIR outflow signatures indicates that these are common features. Furthermore, the lowest luminosity spectrum exhibits an Hα FWHM of 1570 ± 100 km s−1. This, together with previous constraints on the binary parameters, allows us to favor a compact object mass of ∼3–10 M
⊙, further supporting its BH nature.
Le capitalisme numérique comme système-monde
Authors: Broca Sébastien 
Published: February 2022

Cet article analyse l’actuel capitalisme numérique grâce aux notions de « système-monde » et d’« échange écologiquement inégal ». Il vise ainsi à en fournir une métacritique (L. Boltanski) articulant deux aspects : une description des relations économiques et matérielles entre espaces centraux et espaces périphériques ; une théorie de l’exploitation réalisée par les premiers au détriment des seconds. Cette approche replace le capitalisme numérique dans une histoire et une géographie globales du capitalisme. Elle se montre attentive aux interdépendances qui unissent la côte Ouest des États-Unis, et notamment la Silicon Valley, avec le reste du monde. Du point de vue empirique, elle engage à quantifier les flux de ressources biophysiques qui nourrissent l’innovation technologique et les réussites entrepreneuriales au sein des espaces centraux. Du point de vue normatif, elle ouvre la voie à une conception de l’exploitation alternative à celle proposée par les théoriciens du digital labour. L’article propose ainsi l’hypothèse selon laquelle, au sein du capitalisme numérique, la valeur économique qu’un territoire retire d’une activité tend à être inversement proportionnelle aux dommages environnementaux subis du fait de cette même activité.
Sur les débuts universitaires de Jean-Marie Carré
Authors: Pageaux Daniel-Henri 
Published: February 2022

L’essentiel de l’article porte sur la lecture d’un texte inédit de Jean-Marie Carré, une conférence donnée à Luxembourg en 1908, alors qu’il est lecteur de français à Halle. Si le sujet retenu est l’étude de la poésie de Leconte de Lisle, les réflexions que suscitent le goût de l’antique et un certain exotisme permettent de mieux comprendre certaines orientations qui vont se dessiner par la suite, tant dans les recherches universitaires que dans certains essais.
Comparatistes familialement et même familièrement
Authors: Body Jacques 
Published: February 2022

Par définition, la comparaison crée des liens. Mais aussi bien toute réflexion et toute science. Entre comparatistes comme entre chercheurs de toutes disciplines, des liens aussi préexistent, familiaux (filiation, fraternité, mariage) ou familiers (condisciples, collaborateurs, successeurs, amis). Tels sont les liens que je décris en récapitulant les souvenirs de ma carrière ; dont la RLC fut l’un des vecteurs. Petit récit mémoriel.