bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It seemed like my fault for wanting to become a mother …”—Experiences and perceptions related to motherhood in women with severe mental illness
Authors: Banerjee Debanjan , Arasappa Rashmi , Chandra Prabha S. , Desai Geetha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen with mental illness experience unique challenges during their motherhood. However, little is known about their own perceptions and unmet needs in the process of childbearing. A qualitative study design with a social constructivist paradigm was used to explore lived experiences of mothers with severe mental illness (SMI) during the childbearing period.MethodsSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 30 mothers recruited through purposive sampling. This was followed by inductive thematic analysis. Rigor was established through triangulation and respondent validation. This paper focuses on the perceptions during the pre‐conception and pregnancy period.ResultsEmergent categories (themes) were thoughts/feelings about childbearing (ambivalence about being a mother/having a baby, fantasies about childbearing/rearing, guilt about pregnancy), the impact of mental illness (stigma, effect of symptoms on their self‐care including healthcare, concerns about effect of medications on fetus), unmet needs (lack of emotional support, unanswered doubts about effects of illness on pregnancy, child and motherhood, wanting to be considered as “potential mothers”), and caregivers' reactions (discrimination, anger/abuse, selective support). The centrality of motherhood and balancing the “dual role” of a patient and mother were the overarching categories after analysis.ConclusionMothers with SMI prize motherhood but navigate through it with various adverse experiences. The results of this study, grounded in their voices, provide critical insights for service and policy provisions in perinatal psychiatry.
Optimal Multiple Testing and Design in Clinical Trials
Authors: Heller Ruth , Krieger Abba , Rosset Saharon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA central goal in designing clinical trials is to find the test that maximizes power (or equivalently minimizes required sample size) for finding a false null hypothesis subject to the constraint of type I error. When there is more than one test, such as in clinical trials with multiple endpoints, the issues of optimal design and optimal procedures become more complex. In this paper, we address the question of how such optimal tests should be defined and how they can be found. We review different notions of power and how they relate to study goals, and also consider the requirements of type I error control and the nature of the procedures. This leads us to an explicit optimization problem with objective and constraints that describe its specific desiderata. We present a complete solution for deriving optimal procedures for two hypotheses, which have desired monotonicity properties, and are computationally simple. For some of the optimization formulations this yields optimal procedures that are identical to existing procedures, such as Hommel's procedure or the procedure of Bittman et al. (2009), while for other cases it yields completely novel and more powerful procedures than existing ones. We demonstrate the nature of our novel procedures and their improved power extensively in a simulation and on the APEX study (Cohen et al., 2016).
Time from diagnosis to treatment is associated with survival in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: An analysis of 55 985 patients from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Alsouqi Aseel , Rothenberger Scott D. , Boyiadzis Michael , Lontos Konstantinos 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is conventionally thought of as a medical emergency. However, several studies on the association of time from diagnosis to treatment with survival did not have concordant results. Here we analyse 55 985 AML patients from the National Cancer Database, and we show that in patients less than 60 years old a five‐day delay in chemotherapy initiation leads to worse long‐term survival. The difference is small [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.09 in multivariate analysis] but statistically significant. This study raises the issue of power to detect small differences in retrospective studies.
The effect of changes in public sector bargaining laws on teacher union membership
Authors: Han Eunice S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study uses a simple model of demand for and supply of union services to analyse the effect of public sector bargaining laws on teacher unionization. Relying on a nationally representative dataset covering 2001–2018, I exploit natural experiments that occurred in several US states to identify the effect of legal and institutional changes weakening collective bargaining rights of teachers on their union membership rate. Based on both difference‐in‐difference estimation and synthetic control method, I find that the new legislation significantly reduces teachers’ union membership and that the impact of the anti‐union bills on unionization evolves, growing in magnitude, over time. I also find that the magnitudes of the impacts are greater for female, younger and minority teachers.
Behavioural and electrophysiological analyses of written word processing in spoken and literary Arabic: New insights into the diglossia question
Authors: Andria Samer , Madi‐Tarabya Bahaa , Khateb Asaid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiglossia in Arabic describes the existence and the use of two varieties of the same language: spoken Arabic (SA) and literary Arabic (LA). SA, the dialect first spoken by Arabic native speakers, is used in non‐formal situations for everyday conversations, and varies from one region to another in the Arabic world. LA, acquired later in life when the children learn to read and write at school, is used for formal purposes such as media, speeches in public and religious sermons. Previous research showed that, in the auditory modality, SA words are processed faster than LA ones. In the visual modality, written LA words are processed faster than SA ones, the latter comparing with low‐frequency words. This study analysed event‐related potentials (ERPs) during the processing of high‐frequency (LAHF), LA low‐frequency (LALF) and SA high‐frequency words (SAHF) in a visual lexical decision task. Faster reaction times were observed for LAHF, followed by SAHF and then by LALF. ERPs showed a modulation of the early components starting from the P100 component and of the late P600 component, supposedly related to memory processes. These findings, indicating that processing written SAHF words was largely comparable with processing of LALF, are discussed in the context of Arabic diglossia.
Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal‐rich Technosols
Authors: Bonhage Alexander , Raab Thomas , Schneider Anna , Fischer Thomas , Ramezany Shaghayegh , Ouimet William , Raab Alexandra , Hirsch Florian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCharcoal‐rich Technosols on century‐old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long‐term influence of biochar amendment and the post‐wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north‐western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy‐based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA‐derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self‐humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA‐derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non‐pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now.Highlights
BC to TOC ratio and high resolution vertical SOC distribution in 52 RCH sites were studied.
RCH soils non‐BC pool was potentially different to reference soils.
RCH soils feature TOC accumulation in the topmost horizon.
There is BC translocation into buried soils on RCH sites.
Men's experiences of receiving a prostate cancer diagnosis after opportunistic screening—A qualitative descriptive secondary analysis
Authors: Gellerstedt Linda , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Kelmendi Nazmije , Sundberg Kay , Craftman Åsa G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and could occur without symptoms. Screening has been debated but remains controversial and, in most countries, organized population‐based screening does not exist. The aim of this study was to describe men's experiences of receiving a prostate cancer diagnosis after opportunistic screening.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis from interviews with 17 men (aged 56–80 years) who had undergone curative treatment for prostate cancer. Data were collected in an urban region of Sweden through interviews conducted face to face or by telephone. An inductive content analysis was used with Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research as a reporting checklist.ResultsTwo main categories were identified. Screening is a lifesaver enclosed by ethical dilemmas reflects how men considered screening as a lifesaving test. Testing was surrounded by injustice and an eagerness to encourage other men to undergo screening. Facing challenges during diagnosis reflects the men's experiences of being in an unknown field yet expected to engage in decision‐making concerning appropriate treatment. Receiving the diagnosis rendered mixed emotions about having a cancer disease, that the treatment could cause lifelong symptom distress and the men described being hesitant to talk about their diagnosis.ConclusionsThe findings highlight men's opinions about screening and that the lack of routine screening represents injustice. The men considered this as an ethical question of lifesaving justice, while stakeholders may argue that screening could lead to unnecessary suffering and overtreatment. Men do not always talk openly about their diagnosis, linked to the fact that it concerns intimate areas. It is important to balance the information in relation to shared decision‐making regarding treatment. Health care professionals have an ethical responsibility to support and coach the patient in their decision.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was based on interviews with men who had experienced a diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Fabrication of soybean protein‐based meat with two‐phases
Authors: Zhan Zerun , Zhou Yinglin , Cai Xingzhe , Liu Hongsheng , Chen Ling , Yu Long 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPlant protein‐based meats have attracted great attention and their market is expanding rapidly. So far, most the plant protein‐based meats in the market are single phase, thus their textures are somewhat different from real meats that contains multiphases including muscle (fibre) and fat (soft). In this work, soybean protein‐based meats with two‐phases (fibre and fat texture) were firstly developed. A unique fabrication processing including freeze‐dry and second coagulation was designed and developed. The fibre fragment was prepared firstly by freeze drying bean curd (tofu); then it was immersed into fully absorbed soybean suspension containing a coagulant at lower temperature. Secondly, the fragment containing the soybean suspension was heated to 80 °C for second coagulation and then pressed to remove moisture. The mechanical properties of the final products depend on both the protein fragment and soybean hydrogel that were added.
USP12 positively regulates M‐MDSC function to inhibit antitumour immunity through deubiquitinating and stabilizing p65
Authors: Zhan Xiaoxia , He Qiuying , Sheng Junli , Jiang Xiaobing , Lin Letao , Huang Yulan , He Shitong , Chen Yitian , Li Laisheng , Zeng Zhijie , Hu Shengfeng , Wang Peng , Zhang Yanling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe relative abundance of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) compared to cytotoxic T cells determines the outcomes of diseases and the efficacy of immunotherapy. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 12 (USP12), a member of the USP family of deubiquitinases, targets multiple signalling pathways and regulates diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation and survival. It is well known that ubiquitylation is an important mechanism for regulating the immune response. However, it is unclear whether USP12 regulates tumour growth by influencing MDSCs. In the present study, we reported that USP12 deficiency decreased infiltration and impaired the suppressor function of monocytic (M)‐MDSCs, resulting in increased CD8+ T‐cell response and decelerated tumour growth. USP12‐knockout M‐MDSCs were less potent in inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and their ability to secrete IFN‐γ. Furthermore, USP12 deficiency inhibited the suppressor function of M‐MDSCs by downregulating the negative regulatory molecules inducible nitric oxide synthase and PD‐L1, through deubiquitinating and stabilizing p65. Our results suggest that USP12 is a positive regulator of M‐MDSCs and may serve as a potential target for antitumor therapy.
Facilitating systemic eco‐innovation to pave the way for a circular economy: A qualitative‐empirical study on barriers and drivers in the European polyurethane industry
Authors: Schultz Felix Carl , Reinhardt Robert Jaroslav 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScholars, politicians, and practitioners have recently advocated that eco‐innovation (EI) is critical to achieve the circular economy (CE) vision. While much of the available body of knowledge on EI has predominantly focused on “eco‐efficient” incremental technological innovation, a successful CE transition requires systemic “eco‐effective” CE innovation. Yet, little is known about what barriers and drivers are stimulating systemic CE innovation in different sectors and regions. This research aims to deliver an identification of major CE barriers and drivers that impede or facilitate systemic “eco‐effective” CE innovation in the European polyurethane plastics industry. A hybrid research approach is applied using an original combination of the inductive GABEK method (“GAnzheitliche BEwältigung von Komplexität”—holistic processing of complexity) with deductive consideration of existing theories. Novel findings indicate that barriers to CE innovation largely materialize on individual firm and intra‐industrial levels, while drivers to CE innovation primarily manifest beyond immediate industrial boundaries (inter‐/cross‐industrial). The key contribution lies on revealing the necessity to reframe the focus from mere individual “optimization”, which has been primarily discussed in the contemporary EI literature, to a collective (horizontal) “coordination” challenge across industries to enable a functional CE innovation. In addition, five strategic deliberations are proposed to facilitate and further advance the management of systemic CE innovation activities.
Pathways of personality and learning risk for addictive behaviors: A systematic review of mediational research on the acquired preparedness model
Authors: Halvorson Max A. , Lengua Liliana J. , Smith Gregory T. , King Kevin M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Acquired Preparedness (AP) model proposes that impulsive personality traits predispose some individuals to learn certain behavior‐outcome associations (expectancies), and that these expectancies in turn influence the escalation of risky behaviors. This theory has been applied to the development of behaviors such as drinking, drug use, gambling, and disordered eating. In the current study, we aimed to summarize empirical tests of this model over the 20 years since it was proposed.MethodWe used a descriptive approach to summarize tests of mediation across 50 studies involving n = 21,715 total participants.ResultsWe observed a consistent effect of personality on expectancies (median effect size = .22), of expectancies on behavior (.24), and a small mediated effect (.05) of personality on behavior via expectancies. Impulsive traits that involve positive or negative affect showed the most consistent support for AP, as did positive expectancies. Most studies testing AP focused on alcohol, but research on other behaviors also showed support for AP.ConclusionsThe literature appears to support a small mediated effect consistent with the AP model. Future research should continue to clarify which AP pathways are most influential in explaining risky behaviors, and supplement correlational research with experimental and quasi‐experimental designs.
A new framework for advancing in drug‐induced liver injury research. The Prospective European DILI Registry
Authors: Björnsson Einar S. , Stephens Camilla , Atallah Edmond , Robles‐Diaz Mercedes , Alvarez‐Alvarez Ismael , Gerbes Alexander , Weber Sabine , Stirnimann Guido , Kullak‐Ublick Gerd , Cortez‐Pinto Helena , Grove Jane I. , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul J. , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsNo multi‐national prospective study of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) has originated in Europe. The design of a prospective European DILI registry, clinical features and short‐term outcomes of the cases and controls is reported.MethodsPatients with suspected DILI were prospectively enrolled in the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal and Iceland, 2016–2021. DILI cases or non‐DILI acute liver injury controls following causality assessment were enrolled.ResultsOf 446 adjudicated patients, 246 DILI patients and 100 had acute liver injury due to other aetiologies, mostly autoimmune hepatitis (n = 42) and viral hepatitis (n = 34). DILI patients (mean age 56 years), 57% women, 60% with jaundice and 3.6% had pre‐existing liver disease. DILI cases and non‐DILI acute liver injury controls had similar demographics, clinical features and outcomes. A single agent was implicated in 199 (81%) DILI cases. Amoxicillin‐clavulanate, flucloxacillin, atorvastatin, nivolumab/ipilimumab, infliximab and nitrofurantoin were the most commonly implicated drugs. Multiple conventional medications were implicated in 37 (15%) and 18 cases were caused by herbal and dietary supplements. The most common single causative drug classes were antibacterials (40%) and antineoplastic/immunomodulating agents (27%). Overall, 13 (5.3%) had drug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis due to nitrofurantoin, methyldopa, infliximab, methylprednisolone and minocycline. Only six (2.4%) DILI patients died (50% had liver‐related death), and another six received liver transplantation.ConclusionsIn this first multi‐national European prospective DILI Registry study, antibacterials were the most commonly implicated medications, whereas antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents accounted for higher proportion of DILI than previously described. This European initiative provides an important opportunity to advance the study on DILI.
Faith and traditions
Authors: Buchak Lara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne phenomenon arising in epistemic life is allegiance to, and break from, a tradition. This phenomenon has three central features. First, individuals who adhere to a tradition seem to respond dogmatically to evidence against their tradition. Second, individuals from different traditions appear to see the same evidence differently. And third, conversion from one tradition to another appears to be different in kind from ordinary belief shift. This paper uses recent work on the nature and rationality of faith to show that these features can all emerge from individuals acting rationally—in particular, from individuals rationally having faith in the core assumptions of their traditions. One upshot is that we don't need to employ the idea of incommensurability to explain these features.
Personality traits modulate the neural responses to handwriting processing
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Junjun , Zhang Jun , Zhou Ke , Kao Henry S. R. , Bi Hong‐Yan , Xu Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHandwriting is a vital skill for everyday human activities. It has a wealth of information about writers’ characteristics and can hint toward underlying neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, autism, dyslexia, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many previous studies have reported a link between personality and individual differences in handwriting, but the evidence for the relationship tends to be anecdotal in nature. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether the association between personality traits and handwriting was instantiated at the neural level. Results showed that the personality trait of conscientiousness modulated brain activation in the left premotor cortex and right inferior/middle frontal gyrus, which may reflect the impact of personality on orthography‐to‐grapheme transformation and executive control involved in handwriting. Such correlations were not observed in symbol‐drawing or word‐reading tasks, suggesting the specificity of the link between conscientiousness and handwriting in these regions. Moreover, using a connectome‐based predictive modeling approach, we found that individuals’ conscientiousness scores could be predicted based on handwriting‐related functional brain networks, suggesting that the influence of personality on handwriting may occur within a broader network. Our findings provide neural evidence for the link between personality and handwriting processing, extending our understanding of the nature of individual differences in handwriting.
Same‐Sex Marriage Legalization and Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Europe*
Authors: Nikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI examine how same‐sex marriage laws affect sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates, using country‐level panel data from Europe. Dynamic difference‐in‐differences models show that same‐sex marriage laws decrease the spread of shorter‐term (syphilis, gonorrhoea) and longer‐term infections (HIV, AIDS) among the general population. These effects are persistent over time and are much stronger than other same‐sex relationship recognition policies. Further investigation reveals significant heterogeneity; same‐sex marriage laws lead to sizeable decreases in all STIs among the most at‐risk population for an infection, men who have sex with men, with additional positive externalities on the health capital of heterosexual men and women.