bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of short-term intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injection of Conbercept in patients with diabetic macular edema
Authors: Hu Yunyan , Zeng Yunkao , Yang Jing , Zeng Xiaomin , Cao Dan , Ou Biqun , Zhang Guanrong , Zhang Liang 
Published: December 2022

Background: The study concerning the influence of Conbercept, which is an anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, in intraocular pressure (IOP) spike is limited and warrants further investigation. The current study aimed to investigate the changes of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection (IVI) of Conbercept and evaluate the risk factors associated with intraocular pressure spikes.Methods: Patients with diabetic macular edema receiving intravitreal injection of 0.05 ml (0.5 mg) Conbercept were involved in the study. All patients underwent slit lamp examination to determine the status of phakia/pseudophakia. The axial length was measured using IOL Master 500 before intravitreal injection. Patients underwent a Conbercept intravitreal injection with a 30-gauge needle in a standard fashion. The intraocular pressure was measured 2 min before injection, and 2, 10, 30 min, 1, 2, 5, 24 h after injection using a rebound tonometer. The changes of intraocular pressure and the relevant risk factors were evaluated. Patients were subdivided into phakic group and pseudophakic group to analyze the effect of lens status on intraocular pressure changes.Results: Forty patients with a mean age of 62.48 ± 12.22 years were included in the study. The mean intraocular pressure values at baseline and 2, 10, 30 min, 1, 2, 5, 24 h after injection were 14.81 ± 3.13 mmHg, 26.80 ± 9.43 mmHg, 18.76 ± 6.16 mmHg, 16.54 ± 5.94 mmHg, 15.64 ± 3.75 mmHg, 14.46 ± 3.03 mmHg, 14.10 ± 1.88 mmHg, 14.23 ± 2.71 mmHg respectively. The intraocular pressure after injection for 2, 10 min was significantly higher than baseline (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). The intraocular pressure between baseline and post-injection for 30 min or beyond were comparable (all p &gt; 0.05). No significant difference was found between the phakic group and pseudophakic group (p = 0.422). The changes of intraocular pressure were positively correlated with age (r = 0.329, p = 0.038), but negatively with axial length (r = −0.472, p = 0.002).Conclusion: intravitreal injection of Conbercept may cause rapid spike of intraocular pressure, but is safe with respect to short-term changes. The intraocular pressure in patients with older age and shorter axial length is more likely to be higher after intravitreal injection.
Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia
Authors: Fabries Pierre , Gomez-Merino Danielle , Sauvet Fabien , Malgoyre Alexandra , Koulmann Nathalie , Chennaoui Mounir 
Published: December 2022

In the course of their missions or training, alpinists, but also mountain combat forces and mountain security services, professional miners, aircrew, aircraft and glider pilots and helicopter crews are regularly exposed to altitude without oxygen supplementation. At altitude, humans are exposed to systemic environmental hypoxia induced by the decrease in barometric pressure (&lt;1,013 hPa) which decreases the inspired partial pressure of oxygen (PIO2), while the oxygen fraction is constant (equal to approximately 20.9%). Effects of altitude on humans occur gradually and depend on the duration of exposure and the altitude level. From 1,500 m altitude (response threshold), several adaptive responses offset the effects of hypoxia, involving the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems, and the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. Fatigue and cognitive and sensory disorders are usually observed from 2,500 m (threshold of prolonged hypoxia). Above 3,500 m (the threshold for disorders), the effects are not completely compensated and maladaptive responses occur and individuals develop altitude headache or acute altitude illness [Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)]. The magnitude of effects varies considerably between different physiological systems and exhibits significant inter-individual variability. In addition to comorbidities, the factors of vulnerability are still little known. They can be constitutive (genetic) or circumstantial (sleep deprivation, fatigue, speed of ascent.). In particular, sleep loss, a condition that is often encountered in real-life settings, could have an impact on the physiological and cognitive responses to hypoxia. In this review, we report the current state of knowledge on the impact of sleep loss on responses to environmental hypoxia in humans, with the aim of identifying possible consequences for AMS risk and cognition, as well as the value of behavioral and non-pharmacological countermeasures.
Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study
Authors: Kienast Camilla , Biere Katharina , Coker Robert H. , Genov Nikolai N. , Jörres Marc , Maggioni Martina Anna , Mascarell-Maricic Lea , Schalt Adriane , Genov Magdalena , Gunga Hanns-Christian , Steinach Mathias 
Published: December 2022

Background:The Montane®Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is one of the longest (690 km) and coldest (+10.6°C–43.9°C) ultramarathons worldwide. Taking part in an ultramarathon is associated with great physiological and psychological stress, which can affect one’s mood, level of hormones, and peptides. The current study aimed to identify relationships between peptides, hormones, and mood states in participants during this ultramarathon.Methods:The study cohort consisted of 36 participants (19 men, 17 women, 38.64 ± 9.12 years) split into a finisher (n= 10), non-finisher (n= 19), and control group (n= 7). Data were collected at four time points: baseline (PRE), during (D1 after 277 km, D2 after 383 km), and after the race (POST). Questionnaires were used to assess ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), total quality of recovery (TQR), and profile of mood states (POMS-SF). Serum NPY, leptin, adiponectin, and cortisol were measured.Results:Among non-finishers, scores for confusion, anger, depression, and tension-anxiety (PRE vs. D2,p&lt; 0.05) increased, while vigor decreased (PRE vs. D1,p&lt; 0.05). In contrast, finishers’ tension-anxiety scores decreased (PRE vs. D1,p&lt; 0.05). Fatigue increased in finishers (PRE vs. POST,p&lt; 0.05) and non-finishers (PRE vs. D1,p&lt; 0.05). In non-finishers, depressive mood correlated positively with leptin, anger, and confusion at several time points (p&lt; 0.001). In finishers, NPY correlated with TQR at PRE (p&lt; 0.05), while leptin correlated negatively with TQR at POST (p&lt; 0.05). Tension-anxiety correlated highly with perceived exertion in non-finishers (p&lt; 0.001) and with cortisol in finishers (p&lt; 0.05) and non-finishers (p&lt; 0.001). In finishers, confusion correlated negatively with NPY (p&lt; 0.01).Conclusion:The study reveals an essential interplay between hormones and mood states affecting performance: Leptin was associated with anger and a depressive mood state in non-finishers and worse recovery in finishers. In contrast, NPY appeared linked to a lower confusion score and heightened recovery in finishers. A simultaneous increase in depressed mood, anger, tension-anxiety, and confusion might harm performance and lead to race failure.
A nomogram for predicting lung-related diseases among construction workers in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Xuyu , Yin Wenjun , Wu Jie , Luo Yongbin , Wu Jing , Li Guangming , Jiang Jinfeng , Yao Yong , Wan Siyu , Yi Guilin , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo develop a prediction nomogram for the risk of lung-related diseases (LRD) in construction workers.MethodsSeven hundred and fifty-two construction workers were recruited. A self- designed questionnaire was performed to collected relevant information. Chest X-ray was taken to judge builders' lung health. The potential predictors subsets of the risk of LRD were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and univariate analysis, and determined by using multivariate logistic regression analysis, then were used for developing a prediction nomogram for the risk of LRD. C-index, calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve analysis (CICA) were used to evaluation the identification, calibration, predictive ability and clinical effectiveness of the nomogram.ResultsFive hundred and twenty-six construction workers were allocated to training group and 226 to validation group. The predictors included in the nomogram were symptoms, years of dust exposure, work in shifts and labor intensity. Our model showed good discrimination ability, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.931 (95% CI = 0.906–0.956), and had well-fitted calibration curves. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram were (95% CI = 0.906–0.956) and 0.945 (95% CI = 0.891–0.999) in the training and validation groups, respectively. The results of DCA and CICA indicated that the nomogram may have clinical usefulness.ConclusionWe established and validated a novel nomogram that can provide individual prediction of LRD for construction workers. This practical prediction model may help occupational physicians in decision making and design of occupational health examination.
The experience of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fan Carolyn A. , Hara-Hubbard KeliAnne K. , Barrington Wendy E. , Baquero Barbara 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionRacism is a root cause of ill health for communities of color, and hate incidents are one manifestation of racism. Marginalized racial and ethnic groups, including but not limited to Asian Americans, have been the target of highly publicized violence, hate, and discrimination which has been amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesThis paper investigates (1) the prevalence of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups, and (2) the relationship between race and ethnicity and hate incidents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also seek to (3) situate study findings within theories of racism.MethodsThis study utilizes national data from the Understanding America Study (UAS) COVID-19 Longitudinal Survey from June 10, 2020 to March 30, 2021 (n = 8,436). Hate incidents in six categories were examined: being treated with less courtesy, receiving poorer service, others acting as if they were not smart, others acting as if they were afraid of them, being threatened or harassed, and experiencing any of the previous categories of hate incidents. Main analyses were conducted via population averaged logistic panel regression.ResultsThe majority of members of all six marginalized racial and ethnic groups reported at least one hate incident during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, all marginalized racial or ethnic groups had statistically significant higher odds of experiencing at least two categories of hate incidents compared to white individuals. Asian, AI/AN, Black, and Multiracial groups had significantly higher odds of experiencing each category of hate incident. All marginalized racial and ethnic groups had significantly higher odds of receiving poorer service and others acting as if they were afraid of them.ConclusionAll marginalized racial and ethnic groups experienced significant levels of hate incidents within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The public health community must continue to research, monitor, treat, and prevent hate incidents as a public health issue while recognizing the social and historical contexts of structural and interpersonal racism in the US.
Morphological Variation of Strychnos spinosa Lam. Morphotypes: A Case Study at Bonamanzi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mbhele Zoliswa , Zharare Godfrey E. , Zimudzi Clemence , Ntuli Nontuthuko R. 
Published: December 2022

Strychnos spinosa Lam. of the Loganiaceae family is associated with versatility, poverty eradication, and rural economic development. However, the morphological diversity of S. spinosa is not well documented. This limits efforts toward its improvement and commercial exploitation. This study aimed to characterize the variability, vegetative and reproductive traits, and heritability of S. spinosa morphotypes at Bonamanzi Game Reserve. The majority of the morphotypes had green, rough, round immature fruits with dark green, elongated, open fully developed leaves. Fruits varied between roundish and pyriform shape as well as green and purple colour. Positive correlation was mainly seen between fruit and seed traits. Principal component analysis indicated fruit and seed traits as major discriminating factors for morphotypes, followed by leaf size and seed thickness. A dendrogram primarily grouped morphotypes according to fruit texture. Genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variation were higher than environmental variance and environmental coefficient variation in reproductive traits of S. spinosa. A rough pericarp texture and purple tinge on the immature leaves of some morphotypes was recorded for the first time. Differences in morphological features across S. spinosa morphotypes indicate a high level of diversity that could be utilized by breeders to generate new cultivars. This first report on variability and heritability among S. spinosa morphotypes forms the basis of available germplasm essential for future breeding programs.
The Influence of Annealing on the Microstructural and Textural Evolution of Cold-Rolled Er Metal
Authors: Chen Shiying , Wang Yixuan , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Jinying , Li Zongan , Yang Wensheng , Wu Daogao , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Dehong , Mao Ning 
Published: December 2022

The microstructural and textural evolution of 60% cold-rolling-deformation Er metal (purity ≥ 99.7%) during annealing were investigated by electron-backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The research results showed that the texture of the (0001) plane orientation was strengthened, but there was no apparent enhancement of the (011¯0) and (1¯21¯0) plane orientations with increasing the annealing temperature. The recrystallization frequency and grain sizes gradually stabilized after the annealing duration of more than 1 h at 740 °C; the annealing duration and the recrystallization frequency were fitted to the equation: y=1 − exp (−0.3269x0.2506). HAGBs were predominant, and the distribution of grain sizes was the most uniform after annealing at 740 °C × 1 h, which was the optimal annealing process of the Er metal with 60% cold-rolling deformation. However, the recrystallization was transferred to the substructure due to grain boundary migration and twining under an excessive annealing temperature and duration.
Finding of Novel Galactose Utilizing Halomonas sp. YK44 for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production
Authors: Jung Hee Ju , Kim Su Hyun , Cho Do Hyun , Kim Byung Chan , Bhatia Shashi Kant , Lee Jongbok , Jeon Jong-Min , Yoon Jeong-Jun , Yang Yung-Hun 
Published: December 2022

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable bioplastic with potential applications as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics. However, efficient PHB production remains difficult. The main cost of PHB production is attributed to carbon sources; hence, finding inexpensive sources is important. Galactose is a possible substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoate production as it is abundant in marine environments. Marine bacteria that produce PHB from galactose could be an effective resource that can be used for efficient PHB production. In this study, to identify a galactose utilizing PHB producer, we examined 16 Halomonas strains. We demonstrated that Halomonas cerina (Halomonas sp. YK44) has the highest growth and PHB production using a culture media containing 2% galactose, final 4% NaCl, and 0.1% yeast extract. These culture conditions yielded 8.98 g/L PHB (78.1% PHB content (w/w)). When galactose-containing red algae (Eucheuma spinosum) hydrolysates were used as a carbon source, 5.2 g/L PHB was produced with 1.425% galactose after treatment with activated carbon. Since high salt conditions can be used to avoid sterilization, we examined whether Halomonas sp. YK44 could produce PHB in non-sterilized conditions. Culture media in these conditions yielded 72.41% PHB content. Thus, Halomonas sp. YK44 is robust against contamination, allowing for long-term culture and economical PHB production.
A BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF KEY CONCEPTS THAT APPLY TO INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Authors: BARDINOV A. , BARDINOVA A. 
Published: December 2022

This article actualizes the problem of adaptation of internally displaced persons to the university environment.The analysis of scientific sources from the mentioned problem has been conducted, which gave grounds to be named among the key concepts applied to internally displaced persons, such as "integration", "reintegration" and "adaptation", the latter of which means the complicated process of phased entry of internally displaced persons to the conditions of the university environment.The principles of adaptation of internally displaced persons to the university environment are generalized, namely: the principle of humanism and democracy, combined with high demands and respect for the individual; principles of the subject-subjective nature of educational relationships; the principle of inculturation, based on dialogue between peoples and cultures. Through the dialogue and with it, the self-determination of culture, the identification of personal determinants, self-consciousness and self-affirmation of the individual are realized; the principle of differentiation and individualization.
MODEL OF SELF-EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE FORMATION OF THE FUTURE TECHNICIANS ELECTRICIANS
Authors: BILYK O. 
Published: December 2022

The article describes the main components of the process of future technicians’ and electricians’ self-educational competence formation in the study of electrical engineering disciplines; the model of educative process, experts in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, and various technical specialists were considered, aspects of these models are generalized, an integrated model of methodological system of teaching electrical engineering disciplines, which focuses on the formation of self-educational competence of future technicians and electricians is created. Constructed structural-functional model of the defined process integrates three blocks: methodologically-target, technological, diagnostic-corrective; methodological approaches: competence, system, active; structural components: knowledge, reflection, activity and research. The formation of self-educational competence is seen as a set of basic principles: professional direction, continuity, awareness, activity and independence. The competence approach is considered in the article as a new educational concept which provides the orientation of educative process on interdisciplinarity and the integration of disciplines and at the same time knowledge and skills are considered as a set of competences that are formed and manifested in the student’s activity during the process of self-training.Four levels of self-educational competence formation are presented: reproductive, productive, search and research.
ORGANIZATION OF THE DIFFERENTIATION-BASED FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS AT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: HONCHAROVA Ye. 
Published: December 2022

The object of the author’s investigation is the differentiation of teaching foreign language process at Higher Educational Institutions. The author reveals the positive impact of the ideas and principles of individual teaching of foreign language and differentiation of teaching as its component.The article substantiates the totality of teaching conditions, encompassing certain provisions which have to be implemented in the differentiation of learning, namely:- the formation of the motivational stimulating basis for the acquisition of potentially the greatest possible amount of professionally meaningful learning material;- the design and implementation of didactic interaction in the “teacher-student” system taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of the subjects of the differentiation-based educational process;- implementation of hierarchically ordered modular structural organization of the content of differentiation-based foreign languages teaching;- intensification of reflexive analytical activity of students with regard to professional specific training in foreign languages.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO RESEARCH THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILL
Authors: MILTO L. 
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of philosophical and methodological approaches to the development of pedagogical skill. Historical and pedagogical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of methodology of pedagogy has been carried out, the views of scientists (philosophers, teachers, psychologists) on the interpretation of the concept "methodology", "methodological approaches", reveal the ambiguity of their scientific interpretations. In the article the methodological approaches are considered: systematic-chronological and systematic approaches, historical, etc., which in the process of studying the development of ideas of pedagogical skill contributed to the creation of a system of pedagogical mastery of a teacher, which we regard as the possession of a teacher by professional knowledge and pedagogical technique. To obtain objective historical data on the selected problem, a complex of theoretical interrelated methods of historical and pedagogical research was used, namely: general science (historical and pedagogical analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, concrete search methods (terminological analysis, generalization, systematization of foreign and domestic literature on the problem under investigation). It is established that the methodological approach determines the content, character and direction of research activity, is the basis of pedagogical research, which reveals its key idea, the main idea, indicating the tendencies of education development, the direction of development of pedagogical knowledge in the historical epoch. In general, the methodological approach means the search for a method, a sequence of actions that provide a purposeful, systematic motion to the final result.The philosophical and methodological approaches of the study directed the analysis and substantiation of the development of the idea of pedagogical mastery of the teacher not as an isolated process, but as a process due to internal and external dependencies associated with the historical features of the country and the current trends in the development of European educational space. The research is based on certain principles, methods, appropriate categorical-conceptual apparatus and theoretical principles of domestic and foreign scholars related to the essence of the problem under investigation. The perspective direction of further research is the justification of the algorithm for the formation of a source base for systematic and multidimensional analysis of the history of the development of pedagogical science in a certain period of time and the methods of its research.