bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of collaboration among high-growth firms: results from an agent-based policy simulation
Authors: Varga-Csajkás Anna , Sebestyén Tamás , Varga Attila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to show how supporting new business formation could promote the emergence of new ties in the knowledge network. Stimulating start-ups is conducive to the innovation system and economic development, however, we show how it has additional beneficial effects by the increasing the density of the innovation network. An innovation network is a complex socioeconomic phenomenon, which emerges from the decisions of many heterogeneous agents, that justifies the use of an agent-based model (ABM). We introduce an application of an ABM that is appropriate for simulating network formation among organizations. Agents are placed in the two-dimensional abstract social space where they are moving toward each other to find cooperation partners, following the gravity principle. The attraction is determined by the mass and the distance of agents. These parameters are specified by regression analysis, the result of which shows that the geographical, social, and technological distance has a negative impact on innovation-related cooperation. For the empirical underpinning of the model, we used survey data on the Hungarian high-growth firms’ (known as gazelles) egocentric network that contains information about innovation-purpose cooperation.
MOHV21: a least squares combination of five global Moho depth models
Authors: Sjöberg L. E. , Abrehdary M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine MOHV21, a Moho depth model based on an optimal combination of five global seismic and gravimetric-isostatic models of Moho depth by a weighted least squares approach at a resolution of 1° × 1°. For proper weighting among the data, the study starts with determining (mostly missing) standard errors and correlations among the models. The standard errors among the input models range from 1.0 (in Brazil) to 6.8 km (in Peru) and from 0.1 (in Huna Bay) to 6.0 km (in East Pacific Ridge) for Moho depth on land and ocean, respectively. The correlations among the five models range between − 0.99 and + 0.90. The Moho depths for MOHV21 at land regions vary between 14.5 (at the Horn of Africa) and 75 km (in the Himalayas) and between 6.6 (in the Greenland Sea) and 51.8 (in the Gulf of Bothnia) for land and ocean regions, respectively (However, note that, the Gulf of Bothnia belongs to continental crust, while the oceanic crust is generally within 20 km). The standard errors are generally within a few km but reaches 6.8 km (9%) in the highest mountains. The shallow Moho depths along mid-ocean ridges are well exposed in the model. Notable regional Moho highs are visualized in the Tarim basin in NW China of 59 ± 6.5 km and in Central Finland of 57 ± 4.7 km. A comparison of MOHV21 with a mosaic of regional models shows large differences reaching ± 25 km in Africa, Antarctic, and parts of S. America, while the differences are relatively modest in those parts of oceans that are available in the regional models.
Current RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 may give positive results for related coronaviruses
Authors: Martínez-Murcia Antonio , García-Sirera Adrián , Navarro Aaron , Pérez Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSome weeks after the first CoVID-19 outbreak, the World Health Organization published some real-time PCR (qPCR) protocols developed by different health reference centers. These qPCR designs are being used worldwide to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the population, to monitor the prevalence of the virus during the pandemic. Moreover, some of these protocols to detect SARS-CoV-2 have widely been applied to environmental samples for epidemiological surveillance purposes. In the present work, the specificity of these currently used RT-qPCR designs was validated in vitro using SARS-CoV-2 and highly related coronaviral genomic sequences and compared to performance of the commercially available GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR Test. Assays performed with SARS-CoV-2-related genomes showed positive amplification when using some of these qPCR methods, indicating they may give SARS-CoV-2 false positives. This finding may be particularly relevant for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring of environmental samples, where an unknown pool of phylogenetically close-related viruses may exist.
Slice regular functions in several variables
Authors: Ghiloni Riccardo , Perotti Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we lay the foundations of the theory of slice regular functions in several (non-commuting) variables ranging in any real alternative $$^*$$

∗

-algebra, including quaternions, octonions and Clifford algebras. This higher dimensional function theory is an extension of the classical theory of holomorphic functions of several complex variables. It is based on the construction of a family of commuting complex structures on $${\mathbb {R}}^{2^n}$$

R

2
n

. One of the relevant aspects of the theory is the validity of a Cauchy-type integral formula and the existence of ordered power series expansions. The theory includes all polynomials and power series with ordered variables and right coefficients in the algebra. We study the real dimension of the zero set of polynomials in the quaternionic and octonionic cases and give some results about the zero set of polynomials with Clifford coefficients. In particular, we show that a nonconstant polynomial always has a non empty zero set.
A randomised, open-label, cross-over clinical study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety and tolerability profiles of tobacco-free oral nicotine pouches relative to cigarettes
Authors: Chapman Fiona , McDermott Simon , Rudd Kathryn , Taverner Victoria , Stevenson Matthew , Chaudhary Nveed , Reichmann Kerstin , Thompson Joseph , Nahde Thomas , O’Connell Grant 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Tobacco harm reduction (THR) involves encouraging adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke to transition to less harmful forms of nicotine delivery. These products must offer adult smokers reduced exposure to chemicals associated with tobacco combustion, satisfactory blood plasma nicotine levels and serve as an acceptable alternative. The most recent THR innovation is tobacco-free oral nicotine pouches.

Objectives
This study aimed to compare pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety and tolerability profiles of two nicotine pouch variants (ZoneX #2 (5.8 mg nicotine/pouch); ZoneX #3 (10.1 mg nicotine/pouch)) with cigarette to assess the pouches’ THR potential.

Methods
This was a controlled use, randomised, open-label, cross-over clinical study with 24 healthy adult traditional tobacco users. Pharmacokinetic (plasma nicotine levels; up to 8 h post-use), pharmacodynamic (urge to smoke, product liking; up to 4 h post-use) and short-term safety and tolerability profiles were assessed.

Results
Distinct nicotine pouch pharmacokinetic profiles indicated nicotine absorption via the oral mucosa. Plasma nicotine levels were lower, and time to peak slower, for the nicotine pouches compared to cigarette (Cmax cigarette: 11.6 ng/ml vs. #2: 5.2 ng/ml, p < 0.0001; #3: 7.9 ng/ml, p < 0.0003) (Tmax cigarette: 8.6 min vs. #2: 26 min; #3: 22 min). All products effectively reduced subjects’ urge to smoke and presented favourable product liking scores; nicotine pouches were also well tolerated following short-term use (no serious adverse events).

Conclusions
Overall, the assessed ZoneX nicotine pouches may offer an acceptable alternative for adult smokers to achieve satisfactory levels of nicotine delivery and, based on the pharmacokinetic parameters and under the study conditions, likely have a lower abuse liability and addictive potential for current adult smokers compared to continued cigarette smoking.
Clinical trial identifier: NCT04891406 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Validation of the radiological detection of the chorda-facial angle: impact on the round window accessibility during pediatric cochlear implantation
Authors: Elzayat Saad , Elfarargy Haitham H. , Lotfy Rasha , Soltan Islam , Lasheen Hisham N. , Margani Valerio , Covelli Edoardo , Barbara Maurizio , Mandour Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The facial recess, an essential landmark for the posterior tympanotomy approach, is limited by the facial nerve and the chorda tympani, with a complicated relationship. This study tried to find the most appropriate radiological method to evaluate the chorda-facial angle (CFA). We also checked the effect of this angle on the round window accessibility during cochlear implantation.

Methods
It was a retrospective study that included cochlear implant surgeries of 237 pediatric patients, from September 2016 to April 2021. Two physicians evaluated the CFA in the para-sagittal cut of the preoperative HRCT. The round window accessibility was assessed in the unedited surgery videos.

Results
The CFA ranged from 21° to 35° with a mean of 27.14 ± 3.5°. It was detected in all cases with a high agreement between the two CT reviewers’ measurements. The CFA differed significantly between the accessible group and the group with difficult accessibility (p value < 0.001). Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed a strong correlation between the CFA and the intraoperative round accessibility. 25.5° was the best cutoff point; below this angle, difficult accessibility into the RW was expected, with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy

Conclusions
Our study on a relatively large number of cases provided a precise, valid, reliable, and applicable method to evaluate the CFA in the HRCT scan. We found a significant-close relation between the CFA and the round window accessibility; the difficulty increased with a need for posterior tympanotomy modification when the angle decreased.

Key Points
• Radiological detection of the chorda-facial angle was always problematic, without a previous straightforward method in the literature.
• We used the para-sagittal cut of the high-resolution CT scans to evaluate the CFA. This cut was beneficial to seeing the chorda tympani nerve in every examined case. There was a high agreement between the two CT reviewers’ measurements.
• Preoperative evaluation of the CFA in the HRCT accurately predicted the round window accessibility. Patients with CFA less than 25.5°were expected to have difficult accessibility into the round window during cochlear implantation.
Ensemble mapping as an alternative to baseline seafloor sediment mapping and monitoring
Authors: Galvez Daphnie S. , Papenmeier Svenja , Sander Lasse , Bartholomä Alexander , Wiltshire Karen Helen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Seafloor sediment mapping traditionally relies on the experience and expertise of practitioners to classify sediment classes based on acoustic backscatter data and ground-truth information. However, recent advancements in automated seafloor mapping present a major development in objective methods that offer practical application for seafloor mapping and monitoring campaigns. In this study, a class-specific approach of ensemble modelling (ensemble mapping) was used to classify the sediment classes of a large-scale seafloor area (1550 km2) in the western Sylt Outer Reef, German North Sea. A pixel-by-pixel comparison of the modelled map and manually digitized map was also conducted to assess the efficiency of the ensemble mapping approach. The resulting seafloor sediment map, with an overall accuracy of 73%, demonstrates five sediment classes that represent most of the seabed of the German North Sea. The manually classified and ensembled maps were 63% identical, but mismatches were observed in the transitional boundaries of soft sediment classes and in stony areas that were not predicted in manual classification. The inconsistencies between the two maps was attributed to the different interpretation of sediment boundaries, the simplification of the sediment classification scheme, and the ability of ensemble mapping to classify more areas than manual classification. This study found that ensemble mapping performs better in characterizing coarse materials and produces maps that are comparable to the maps produced by manual classification, while the production time and degree of subjectivity in the analysis are minimal. Hence, ensemble mapping is a viable alternative to create baseline seafloor sediment maps that can be used for environmental monitoring and resource planning.
MOG encephalomyelitis after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2): case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Jarius S. , Bieber N. , Haas J. , Wildemann B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In around 20% of cases, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin (IgG)-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; also termed MOG antibody-associated disease, MOGAD) first occurs in a postinfectious or postvaccinal setting.

Objective
To report a case of MOG-EM with onset after vaccination with the Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®) and to provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, electrophysiological and laboratory features as well as treatment outcomes of all published patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-associated new-onset MOG-EM.

Methods
Case report and review of the literature.

Results
In our patient, MOG-IgG-positive (serum 1:1000, mainly IgG1 and IgG2; CSF 1:2; MOG-specific antibody index < 4) unilateral optic neuritis (ON) occurred 10 days after booster vaccination with BNT162b2, which had been preceded by two immunizations with the vector-based Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 (AZD1222). High-dose steroid treatment with oral tapering resulted in complete recovery. Overall, 20 cases of SARS-CoV2 vaccination-associated MOG-EM were analysed (median age at onset 43.5 years, range 28–68; female to male ratio = 1:1.2). All cases occurred in adults and almost all after immunization with ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (median interval 13 days, range 7–32), mostly after the first dose. In 70% of patients, more than one CNS region (spinal cord, brainstem, supratentorial brain, optic nerve) was affected at onset, in contrast to a much lower rate in conventional MOG-EM in adults, in which isolated ON is predominant at onset and ADEM-like phenotypes are rare. The cerebrospinal fluid white cell count (WCC) exceeded 100 cells/μl in 5/14 (36%) patients with available data (median peak WCC 58 cells/μl in those with pleocytosis; range 6–720). Severe disease with tetraparesis, paraplegia, functional blindness, brainstem involvement and/or bladder/bowel dysfunction and a high lesion load was common, and treatment escalation with plasma exchange (N = 9) and/or prolonged IVMP therapy was required in 50% of cases. Complete or partial recovery was achieved in the majority of patients, but residual symptoms were significant in some. MOG-IgG remained detectable in 7/7 cases after 3 or 6 months.

Conclusions
MOG-EM with postvaccinal onset was mostly observed after vaccination with ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Attack severity was often high at onset. Escalation of immunotherapy was frequently required. MOG-IgG persisted in the long term.
Serum biomarker panel diagnostics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: the clinical utility of soluble interleukins, IFN-γ, TNF-α and PD-1/PD-L1 in comparison to established serum tumor markers
Authors: Dorman Klara , Gerckens Miriam , Kruger Stephan , Krueger Kimberly , Mayer Zsuzsanna , Rupp Alexander , Zhang Danmei , Weiss Lena , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Haas Michael , Guenther Michael , Ormanns Steffen , Klawonn Frank , Werner Jens , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Heinemann Volker , Boeck Stefan , Holdenrieder Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Novel biomarkers to better predict outcome and select the best therapeutic strategy for the individual patient are necessary for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
Using a panel assay, multiple biomarkers (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CEA, CA 19–9, CYFRA 21–1, HE4, PD-1 and PD-L1 levels) were measured in serum samples of 162 patients with resected, locally advanced and metastatic PDAC in this retrospective single-center study. Optimal cut-off values to differentiate prognostic subgroups with significantly different overall survival (OS) were determined by receiver operator characteristics and Youden Index analysis. Marker levels were assessed before the start of chemotherapy and correlated with OS by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis.

Results
Median OS for resected patients was 28.2 months, for locally advanced patients 17.9 months and for patients with metastatic disease 8.6 months. CYFRA 21–1 and IL-8 discriminated metastatic from locally advanced patients best (AUC 0.85 and AUC 0.81, respectively). In univariate analyses, multiple markers showed prognostic relevance in the various subgroups. However, multivariate Cox models comprised only CYFRA 21–1 in the resected group (HR 1.37, p = 0.015), IL-10 in locally advanced PDAC (HR 10.01, p = 0.014), as well as CYFRA 21–1 and CA 19–9 in metastatic PDAC (p = 0.008 and p = 0.010) as an independent prognostic marker for overall survival.

Conclusion
IL-10 levels may have independent prognostic value in locally advanced PDAC, whereas CYFRA 21–1 levels are prognostic after PDAC surgery. CYFRA 21–1 and IL-8 have been identified to best discriminate metastatic from locally advanced patients.
Autoregressive count data modeling on mobility patterns to predict cases of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Zhao Jing , Han Mengjie , Wang Zhenwu , Wan Benting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAt the beginning of 2022 the global daily count of new cases of COVID-19 exceeded 3.2 million, a tripling of the historical peak value reported between the initial outbreak of the pandemic and the end of 2021. Aerosol transmission through interpersonal contact is the main cause of the disease’s spread, although control measures have been put in place to reduce contact opportunities. Mobility pattern is a basic mechanism for understanding how people gather at a location and how long they stay there. Due to the inherent dependencies in disease transmission, models for associating mobility data with confirmed cases need to be individually designed for different regions and time periods. In this paper, we propose an autoregressive count data model under the framework of a generalized linear model to illustrate a process of model specification and selection. By evaluating a 14-day-ahead prediction from Sweden, the results showed that for a dense population region, using mobility data with a lag of 8 days is the most reliable way of predicting the number of confirmed cases in relative numbers at a high coverage rate. It is sufficient for both of the autoregressive terms, studied variable and conditional expectation, to take one day back. For sparsely populated regions, a lag of 10 days produced the lowest error in absolute value for the predictions, where weekly periodicity on the studied variable is recommended for use. Interventions were further included to identify the most relevant mobility categories. Statistical features were also presented to verify the model assumptions.
Workload and job satisfaction among Austrian pediatricians: gender and generational aspects
Authors: Kohlfürst Daniela S. , Zöggeler Thomas , Karall Daniela , Kerbl Reinhold 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate different factors that may contribute to workload and job satisfaction among Austrian pediatricians.

Methods
We conducted an online survey with 16 questions and performed statistical analyses.

Results
Of 375 participating pediatricians, 61% were female, 39% male, 61% clinicians, 21% panel doctors and 12% private doctors. Overall, job satisfaction was moderate (6 ± 2.4 on a positive scale of 0–10). Higher working hours (p = 0.014) and higher patient numbers (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with lower job satisfaction. Lowest satisfaction was described for administrative or other nonmedical work. Lack of time for patient consultation was also correlated with poor satisfaction. Pediatricians older than 65 years reported the highest job satisfaction whereas pediatricians between 55 and 65 years and younger than 36 years showed the lowest scores. Although male pediatricians worked significantly more often more than 40 h per week than females (75% vs. 53%, p = 0.000), female pediatricians were less satisfied about the proportion of administrative (p = 0.015) and other nonmedical work (p = 0.014).

Conclusion
New working models considering less workload, particularly less nonmedical work and intensified collaboration between pediatric clinicians and practitioners are needed to allow more available time per patient, to increase job satisfaction and thus to raise attractivity for pediatric primary care.
Anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, and mortality among colorectal patients: 5-year follow-up
Authors: Orive Miren , Anton-Ladislao Ane , Lázaro Santiago , Gonzalez Nerea , Bare Marisa , Fernandez de Larrea Nerea , Redondo Maximino , Bilbao Amaia , Sarasqueta Cristina , Aguirre Urko , Quintana José M. ,   for the REDISSEC-CARESS/CCR group
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement represents an important outcome in cancer patients. We describe the evolution of HRQoL over a 5-year period in colorectal cancer patients, identifying predictors of change and how they relate to mortality.

Methods
Prospective observational cohort study including colorectal cancer (CRC) patients having undergone surgery in nineteen public hospitals who were monitored from their diagnosis, intervention and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year periods thereafter by gathering HRQoL data using the EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models were used.

Results
Predictors of Euroqol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) changes were having worse baseline HRQoL; being female; higher Charlson index score (more comorbidities); complications during admission and 1 month after surgery; having a stoma after surgery; and needing or being in receipt of social support at baseline. For EORTC-QLQ-C30, predictors of changes were worse baseline EORTC-QLQ-C30 score; being female; higher Charlson score; complications during admission and 1 month after admission; receiving adjuvant chemotherapy; and having a family history of CRC. Predictors of changes in HADS anxiety were being female and having received adjuvant chemotherapy. Greater depression was associated with greater baseline depression; being female; higher Charlson score; having complications 1 month after intervention; and having a stoma. A deterioration in all HRQoL questionnaires in the previous year was related to death in the following year.

Conclusions
These findings should enable preventive follow-up programs to be established for such patients in order to reduce their psychological distress and improve their HRQoL to as great an extent as possible.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT02488161