bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of basket trials in drug development for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Montes Arturo , Kamboj Sana , Cacho Jorge Fonseca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug development for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) is a long, complex, and expensive enterprise. Methods to optimize drug development for NDDs are needed. Basket trials have been widely used in oncology and have been promoted by the Food and Drug Administration as a means of enhancing the efficiency of drug development.

Discussion
We reviewed clinical trials for NDDs registered on clinicaltrials.gov in the past 10 years. We identified 59 basket trials assessing the impact of treatment on more than one NDD in the trial. Forty-one of the trials were for 25 agents addressing symptoms of NDD such as motor impairment, hypotension, or psychosis. Eighteen of the trials assessed 14 disease-modifying therapies; the principal targets were mitochondrial function, tau biology, or alpha-synuclein aggregation. Basket trials are most common in phase 2 but have been conducted in phase 1, phase 3, and phase 4. The duration and size of the basket trials are highly variable depending on their developmental phase and the intent of the trial. Parkinson’s disease was the most common disorder included in basket trials of symptomatic agents, and Alzheimer’s disease was the most common disorder included in basket trials of disease-modifying therapies. Most of the basket trials of symptomatic agents were sponsored by pharmaceutical companies (29 of 41 trials); similarly, most of the basket trials investigating DMTs in basket trials were sponsored by the biopharmaceutical industry (11/17 trials).

Conclusions
Basket trials may increase drug development efficiency by reducing redundancy in trial implementation, enhancing recruitment, sharing placebo groups, and using biomarkers relevant to the mechanism of action of the treatment across NDDs. There have been relatively few basket trials including multiple NDDs in the same trial conducted over the past 10 years. The use of the basket trial strategy may represent an opportunity to increase the efficiency of development programs for agents to treat NDDs.
Stage performances as means for linking sociotechnical imaginaries and projective genres in the discourse around urban air mobility
Authors: Woznica Marcel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSociotechnical imaginaries play a crucial role in the context of urban air mobility. At the beginning of this article, I present the Pop.Up, commonly described as ‘air taxi’, as one such vision. Taking the analysis of multiple visions as an orientation, I show secondly, how other temporal figures such as projective genres fulfil different functions to establish specific visions as dominant ones. By examining a press release about the Pop.Up, I show how distant futures are constructed trough explicating the problem of congestion in metropolitan cities. With the analysis of the stage performance by stakeholders from Airbus and Italdesign during the Geneva Motor Show 2017, where the Pop.Up was unveiled for the first time, I thirdly show that different futures fulfill different functions. Sociotechnical imaginaries visualized by concept videos demonstrate necessity, whereas projective genres communicated on a stage as collaborative action plans demonstrate feasibility. Stage performances, such as the one at the motor show, where the concept video was shown, offer a framework to establish specific sociotechnical visions. This linking between different future dimensions can be described as performative discourse strategy to make an artifact, in this case the Pop.Up, communicatively connectable to political discourses. The analysis of futures such as sociotechnical imaginaries regarding the question of politicization processes is thus supplemented by a perspective that examines projective genres such as collaborative action plans.
Comparison of effects of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on renal function and glycaemic control: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammad zadeh Gharabaghi Mohammad Amin , Rezvanfar Mohammad Reza , Saeedi Nasser , Aghajani Faezeh , Alirezaei Mohammad , Yarahmadi Pourya , Nakhostin-Ansari Amin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the effects of Linagliptin and Empagliflozin on renal function and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Method
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel trial on patients aged 30 to 80 years with type 2 DM and HbA1c ≤ 9%, regardless of background medical therapy, to compare the effects of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on albuminuria, FBS, HbA1c, and eGFR. Participants were given the mentioned drugs for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests in IBM™SPSS® statistics software for windows version 24.

Results
In total, 60 patients participated in the study, thirty patients in each group. The mean age of participants was 56.8 (SD = 8.15) in the Empagliflozin group and 60.9 (SD = 7.22) in the Linagliptin group. Before the intervention, FBS, HbA1C, and albuminuria values were significantly higher in the Empagliflozin group than those in the Linagliptin group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups regarding eGFR (P = 0.271). Changes in the FBS, HbA1C, and eGFR were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05), but there was more decrease in albuminuria in the Empagliflozin group compared to the Linagliptin group (P = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.98).

Conclusions
Regardless of baseline albuminuria, eGFR, or HbA1c, Empagliflozin 10 mg daily significantly reduced albuminuria at 12 weeks compared to Linagliptin 5 mg daily in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20200722048176N1. Registered 3 August 2020.
Intraoperative Corticobulbar Motor Evoked Potential in Cerebellopontine Angle Surgery: A Clinically Meaningful Tool to Predict Early and Late Facial Nerve Recovery
Authors: Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Stifano Vito , D'Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Menna Grazia , Burattini Benedetta , Di Domenico Michele , Izzo Alessandro , D'Ercole Manuela , Lauretti Liverana , Olivi Alessandro , Montano Nicola 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative neuromonitoring is crucial for facial nerve preservation in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgery. Among the available techniques, the role of intraoperative corticobulbar facial motor evoked potentials (FMEPs) is unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the significance of intraoperative FMEPs as indicators for early and late postoperative facial nerve function (FNF) in CPA tumor resection and the feasibility of their integration with standard monitoring techniques.

METHODS:
An institutional series of 83 patients who underwent surgery under intraoperative monitoring for CPA extra-axial tumor resection was reported. A pair of needle electrodes was used to record FMEP from orbicularis oculi (OOc) and orbicularis oris (OOr) muscles at baseline, at the end of surgery and minimum values recorded. From FMEP amplitudes, minimum-to-baseline amplitude ratio (MBR), final-to-baseline amplitude ratio (FBR), and recovery value, intended as FBR minus MBR, were calculated. These indices were correlated with early and late postoperative FNF.

RESULTS:
Our analysis demonstrated that higher FBR (both from OOc and OOr) and MBR (from OOr only) were associated with a good early and late FNF; a higher MBR from OOc was significantly associated with a good late FNF. The most accurate index in predicting early FNF was FBR measured from OOr with a cutoff of 35.56%, whereas the most accurate index in predicting late FNF was FBR as measured from OOc with a cutoff of 14.29%.

CONCLUSION:
Our study confirmed that FMEPs are reliable predictors of early and late postoperative FNF in CPA surgery and could be easily integrated with standard intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques.
Difluorocarbene-based [4 + 1] Cycloaddition Strategy for Synthesizing Derivatives of 5-Fluorinated Thiazoles and Oxazoles
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Morota Yuki , Miura Takaya , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
When treated with difluorocarbene, which was generated from FSO2CF2CO2SiMe3 with a 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene catalyst, N-(thioacyl)amidines underwent [4 + 1] cycloaddition to afford the corresponding amino-substituted 5,5-difluorothiazolines. Both dehydrofluorination and a Hofmann elimination/SN2′-type reaction sequence enabled the aromatization of the obtained products, affording 5-fluorothiazoles. The [4 + 1] cycloaddition strategy was also applied to N-acylamidines, affording the corresponding 5-fluorooxazole derivatives.
Resistance Exercise Increases Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Markers of Gut Permeability, and Damage in Resistance-Trained Adults
Authors: HART TRICIA L. , TOWNSEND JEREMY R. , GRADY NATALIE J. , JOHNSON KENT D. , LITTLEFIELD LAUREL A. , VERGNE MATTHEW J. , FUNDARO GABRIELLE 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the influence of acute resistance exercise (RE) and biological sex on subjective gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, GI epithelial damage, and GI permeability in resistance-trained males and females.

Methods
Thirty resistance-trained men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) completed an RE bout and a nonexercise control (CON) session in a randomized counterbalanced design. The RE protocol used a load of 70% one-repetition maximum for 4 sets of 10 repetitions with a 90-s rest period length between sets and a 120-s rest period between exercises (squat, seated shoulder press, deadlift, bent-over row, and leg press). Blood samples were collected before exercise (PRE), immediately postexercise (IP), and 15-, 30-, and 60-min postexercise. Participants completed GI symptom questionnaires to assess subjective GI symptoms PRE, IP, and 60-min postexercise. Blood samples were assayed to quantify small intestine damage (I-FABP) and GI permeability (lactulose–rhamnose [L/R] ratio). Data were analyzed via separate repeated-measures ANOVA, and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were completed via one-way ANOVA.

Results
Participants reported greater GI symptoms in RE at IP compared with CON (P < 0.001) with 70% of participants reporting at least one GI symptom with no differences between sexes. Nausea was the most reported GI symptom (63.3%), followed by vomiting (33.3%). I-FABP and L/R ratio did not exhibit differential responses between conditions. However, L/R ratio AUC was greater in males after RE than male CON (P = 0.002) and both conditions for females (P < 0.05). Furthermore, I-FABP AUC in the male RE condition was greater than both female conditions (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Resistance-trained individuals experience GI distress after RE, with males incurring the greatest increases in markers of GI damage and permeability.
Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls: Evidence from the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2015-2019
Authors: Caira-Chuquineyra Brenda , Fernandez-Guzman Daniel , Meza-Gómez Adria , Luque-Mamani Beatriz Milagros , Medina-Carpio Shawny Luz , Mamani-García Carlos S. , Romani-Peña Marilia , Díaz-Vélez Cristian 
Published: May 2022

Background: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of adolescent pregnancy in Peru, 2015-2019. Methods: A population-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from the Demographic and Family Health Surveys of Peru 2015-2019. A total weighted sample of 6892 adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years with a history of sexual intercourse were included. Finally, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported to determine the factors that were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Results: The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Peru was 30.1% (95%CI: 28.4–31.8%). In the multivariable analysis; being 17-19 years (aPR: 1.38; 95%CI :1.22–1.56), having a partner (aPR: 4.08; 95%CI: 3.46–4.81) and belonging to the Quechua ethnicity group (aPR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.09–1.32), were associated with a higher prevalence. Whereas, having an occupation (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.75–0.88), currently studying (aPR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.36–0.49), belonging to the second (aPR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.84–0.98), third (aPR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.72–0.89), fourth (aPR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.64–0.89) and fifth (aPR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.41–0.73) wealth quintile, initiating sexual relations between 17-19 years (aPR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.46–0.59), perceiving a future pregnancy as a problem (aPR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.70–0.83) and knowledge of the moment in the cycle when she could become pregnant (aPR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.76–0.93), were associated with a lower prevalence of pregnancy. Conclusions: About three in 10 adolescents who initiated their sexual life presented with at least one pregnancy. Age, marital status, employment, education, wealth, ethnicity, age at first intercourse, knowledge of when in the cycle she may become pregnant, and perception of future pregnancy were associated with adolescent pregnancy. It is necessary to increase national policies on family planning and sex education among adolescents to reduce the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Peru.
Phenomenological analysis of depressive and anxious manifestations in patients who underwent cardiosurgery
Authors: Mankovskyi D. 
Published: May 2022

Among the undeniable advantages of surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with various forms of cardiovascular disease, there are problematic issues, including neurological complications, especially cerebrovascular disorders and postoperative encephalopathy, and often associated psychopathological disorders based on postoperative hypoxiс-ischemic lesions, which remain one of the most difficult and dangerous complications of operations under the conditions of artificial circulation (AC).
The aim was to carry out clinical and phenomenological analysis of psychopathological manifestations of depression and anxiety in patients who underwent cardiac surgery (CS) with AC in the postoperative period, both in general and in terms of individual types of vascular and neurological pathology, to determine further directions of their rehabilitation.
Material and research methods. Using the approach of a structured clinical-diagnostic interview with the help of a specially developed questionnaire, we clinically examined 700 patients who were treated at the Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and who underwent CS under the conditions of AC. Among the examined patients, there were 86 patients (12.3%) with cerebral infarction (CI), 217 patients (31.0%) with the signs of postoperative encephalopathy and 504 patients (72.0%) with manifestations of cognitive dysfunction.
Results. It has been established that patients who underwent cardiac surgery had the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The most severe depressive and anxiety manifestations are characteristic of patients with cerebral infarction in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery; they are less significant in patients with signs of postoperative encephalopathy. They are the least significant in patients with signs of cognitive dysfunction. At the same time, the severity of depressive and anxiety phenomena in patients with this pathology was significantly (p<0.01) higher than in patients who underwent cardiac surgery without the corresponding pathology.
Conclusion. The identified patterns should be considered when developing treatment, rehabilitation and preventive measures for patients who underwent cardiac surgery with postoperative neurological complications.
The dynamics of cytolytic syndrome parameters in the period of late manifestations of cranioskeletal trauma in case of concomitant chronic hepatitits and the effectiveness of armadine correction
Authors: Prokhorenko O. 
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Cranioskeletal trauma has the most severe lesions and is accompanied by significant mortality. The impact of comorbidities caused by the cardiovascular system, in particular diffuse lesions of internal organs are not fully investigated under this condition. A common mechanism of pathogenesis of these pathological processes is the development of cytolytic syndrome.
Goal of study: is to determine the dynamics of markers of cytolysis in the period of late manifestations of cranioskeletal trauma in conditions of concomitant chronic hepatitis and to evaluate the effectiveness of armadine correction.
Materials and methods. Cranioskeletal trauma, chronic hepatitis, and its combinations were modelled in separate groups of nonlinear white male rats. Armadine at a dose of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally was used to correct the group with combined lesions. The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases was determined in the serum of experimental animals on 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after injury.
Results and its discussion. The application of cranioskeletal trauma in the late manifestations of traumatic disease is accompanied by increased cytolysis. The activity of alanine and ampartate aminotransferase in the serum of injured animals is increased after 14 days of the post-traumatic period and continues to increase up to 21 days with a subsequent decrease. Moreover, up to 35 days only the activity of aspartate aminotransferase reaches the level of control, while the activity of alanine aminotransferase continues to remain significantly higher. The use of armadin under these conditions from the 21st day of the experiment causes a decrease in the changes of the studied parameters compared with the group of animals without correction.
Conclusions. The application of cranioskeletal trauma on the background of chronic hepatitis in the late manifestations of traumatic disease is accompanied by a greater change of cytolysis than in the group of injured animals without concomitant liver damage. The use of armadine causes a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of the detected disorders, starting from 21 days of the experiment.
Current methods to realize the reproductive function in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and chronic endometritis
Authors: Malanchuk L. , Khmil Doswald A. 
Published: May 2022

Literature review indicates that both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and chronic endometritis (CE) have a significant role in implantation disorders, one of the main causes of infertility and unsuccessful outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies.
Study aim was to analyze the literature on current methods to recover reproductive function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic endometritis.
Materials and methods. The review analyzed scientific literature published in the past decade, as well as relevant research publications available in the online databases, which were searched using the key words "polycystic ovary syndrome", "endometritis", "comorbidity", and "infertility".
Results. While the evidence of positive effects of lifestyle changes on fertility is inconclusive, weight loss is a first-line treatment option recommended for women with PCOS. International guidelines for women with anovulatory PCOS consistently recommendas a second-line option gonadotropin therapy to induce ovulation if oral first-line induction ovulatory therapy, including aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators, fails. In regards to the treatment of CE, research supports the use of antibiotic therapy which increases the incidence of pregnancy in women with CE and repeated unsuccessful implantation, infertility of unknown ethoilogy or recurrent miscarriage.
Conclusions. Current methods of restoring reproductive function in patients with PCOS and chronic endometritis include a wide range of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments of PCOS in combination with antibiotic therapy of chronic endometritis, but their effectiveness remains low, which requires the use of assisted reproductive technologies.
Analysis of formation methods of graphic competence of future engineering teachers
Authors: Koliasa P. 
Published: May 2022

The article substantiates the need to improve the formation methods of graphic competence of future engineering teachers by means of digital technologies. To achieve the goal of the article the analysis of normative documents of training of future engineering teachers in the field of digital technologies, methods of teaching graphic disciplines in Higher Education Institutionі, prospects of improving graphic training of future engineering teachers by means of digital technologies are determined. Based on the analysis of work programs of the cycle of disciplines of graphic training, we conclude that today the method of formation of graphic competence in future engineering teachers in the field of digital technologies needs to be improved.
It is established that the most effective way to reform the system of training future engineering teachers in the field of digital technologies is the use of modern learning technologies, which include design, research, integrative technologies that provide personality-oriented learning and graphic competence of future engineering teachers in the field digital technologies. It is determined that it is necessary to improve the teaching methods of the discipline "Engineering Computer Graphics", which will include the study of two-dimensional graphics, three-dimensional spatial modeling, 3D printing technologies and the creation of 4D objects in KOMPAS-3D.
Media as a determinant of the sexuality of young Poles
Authors: Szymańska Kamila , Widłak Karolina , Pawłowski Piotr , Kościołek Aneta , Jakubowska Klaudia 
Published: May 2022

Objective of the work: The aim of this study is to learn about the influence of the media on the sexuality of young Poles.
Material and methods: The diagnostic survey method and the survey technique were used, based on the research tool which was the original questionnaire. 310 respondents, different in terms of sex, faith, place of residence and education, current family situation, aged from 16 to 21, participated in the study. Statistical analysis was carried out with the use of Exel 2019 and the SPSS Statisctics package, version 25, using the ANOVA analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney and H Kruskal-Wallis t-tests. The data collection stage was carried out in the period from October to December 2019, via the Internet.
Results and conclusions: Both men and women participating in the study view sexual, erotic and pornographic content in the mass media available to them, but women viewed pornographic content significantly less often than men. The main source of knowledge about sexuality for young Poles is the Internet. Television is relatively rare. Most of the respondents find it difficult to assess whether the media is a credible source of information on human sexuality. Most of the survey participants believe that the media content does not accelerate sexual initiation and does not affect their attitude towards sex. Believers were much less likely to support the credibility of mass media in the context of sexuality than non-believers.
Key words: sexuality, sexual behavior, youth, media
Tunable ultra-fast infrared generation in a gas-filled hollow core capillary by a four-wave mixing process: erratum
Authors: Zurita-Miranda Olivia , Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Fauquet Frederic , Darracq Frederic , Guillet Jean-Paul , Mounaix Patrick , Maillotte Herve , Bigourd Damien 
Published: May 2022

This erratum reports corrections to the temporal axes in Figs. 12 and
13 of J. Opt. Soc.
Am. B 39, 662
(2022)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.444574.