bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female Prostate Development: Morphological Analysis of the Budding Dynamic
Authors: dos Santos Fernanda C. A. , Negre Ana F. P. , Rodríguez Daniel A. O. , de Sousa Géssica C. , Rodrigues Giovanna A. , Sanches Bruno D. A. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Biancardi Manoel F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe presence of the prostate in female mammals has long been known. However, pieces of information related to its development are still lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the budding dynamic during the initial prostate development in female gerbils. Pregnant females were timed, the fetuses were euthanized, and the urogenital sinus was dissected out between the embryonic days 20 and 24 (E20–E24 groups). Newborn pups (1-day-old; P1 group) underwent the same procedures. The female prostate development was based on epithelial buds which arose far from the paraurethral mesenchyme (PAM). The epithelial buds reached the PAM at prenatal day 24, crossing a small gap in the smooth muscle layer between the periurethral mesenchyme (PEM) and the PAM. Steroid nuclear receptors such as the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha were localized in the PEM through the urethral wall, although some epithelial labeling was also present in the urogenital sinus epithelium (UGE). P63-positive cells were found only in the UGE, becoming restricted to the basal compartment after the 23rd prenatal day. The results showed that the gerbil female prostate exhibits a distinct budding pattern as compared to the male prostate development.
Historical and Comparative Research on Social Diffusion: Mechanisms, Methods, and Data
Authors: Everton Sean F. , Pfaff Steven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHistorical and comparative social scientists are increasingly interested in explaining the spread of innovations—which social scientists commonly refer to as diffusion and, broadly conceived, can include the spread of new ideas, behaviors, technologies, and institutions. However, in spite of the profusion of studies, researchers do not always specify a diffusion model or its underlying causal mechanisms. Whereas many studies document spatial diffusion, not all specify a vector, model flows of influence and information, or show how people and places are connected (tied) to one another. In reviewing some of the most important work on the spread of religion, violent conflict, and social movements over the last few decades, it is clear to us that social network analysis has revolutionized the historical study of diffusion. Even so, many studies have yet to embrace concepts, methods, and measures from social network analysis. Nevertheless, we are convinced that the combination of historical perspectives on change and innovation, new methods of historical data collection and analysis, and growing sophistication in the application of network concepts and models is shedding light on a host of historical questions and contributing to our general understanding of diffusion.
Dissolved Fe in the East China Sea Under the Influences of Land Sources and the Boundary Current With Implications for Global Marginal Seas
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhu Xunchi , Zhang Ruifeng , Ren Jingling , Wu Ying , Liu Sumei , Huang Daji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe East China Sea (ECS) lies on a wide shelf and embraces one of the world's largest rivers, Changjiang (Yangtze River), on the west and strong boundary current, Kuroshio, on the east, which can act as potentially huge sources of dissolved iron (dFe) to the overlying water. However, their magnitude, distribution, and transformation in the ECS are not yet well characterized. Here, we reported the results from the first large scale investigation of dFe concentrations in the water column from the ECS collected with an X‐Vane assemblage in August 2013. Samples from the Changjiang and other coastal rivers were also measured to constrain terrestrial fluxes. In surface waters, dFe concentrations show a strong gradient with patchy nature from the coast adjacent to the river mouth to the mainstream of the Kuroshio Current. The behavior of dFe in the ECS is closely linked to nutrient cycling and development of the sub‐surface chlorophyll maximum. Our dFe budget reveals that mass transport over the East China Sea Shelf (ECSS) is dominated by the input from the Taiwan Strait Warm Water, atmospheric deposition, and exchange with the open boundary current further offshore. The incursion of the Kuroshio Current across shelf break is a source of natural fertilization. The export of dFe from the ECSS nourishes other marginal seas (e.g., Japan Sea/East Sea) and the Kuroshio further downstream. Comparison with the literature data provides evidence that marginal seas play a critical role in bridging terrestrial and oceanic spheres in terms of Fe biogeochemistry.
Biomagnetic Characterization of Air Pollution Particulates in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh H. A. , Maher B. A. , Karloukovski V. , Lampronti G. I. , Harrison R. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report the characterization of anthropogenic magnetic particulate matter (MPM) collected on leaves from roadside Callistemon (bottlebrush) trees from Lahore, Pakistan, and on known sources of traffic‐related particulates to assess the potential of first‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams to discriminate between different sources of anthropogenic magnetic particles. Magnetic measurements on leaves indicate the presence of surface‐oxidized magnetite spanning the superparamagnetic (<30 nm) to single domain (∼30–70 nm) to vortex size range (∼70–700 nm). Fe‐bearing particles are present both as discrete particles on the surface of larger mineral dust or carbonaceous particles and embedded within them, such that their aerodynamic sizes may be decoupled from their magnetic grain sizes. FORC diagrams of brake‐pad residue specimens show a distinct combination of narrow central ridge, extending from 0 to 200 mT, and a low‐coercivity, vertically spread signal, attributed to vortex and multi‐vortex behavior of metallic Fe. This is in agreement with scanning electron microscopy results that show the presence of metallic as well as oxidized Fe. Exhaust‐pipe residue samples display a more conventional “magnetite‐like” signal comprising a lower coercivity central ridge (0–80 mT) and a tri‐lobate signal attributed to vortex state and/or magnetostatic interactions. The FORC signatures of leaf samples combine aspects of both exhaust residue and brake‐pad endmembers, suggesting that FORC fingerprints have the potential to identify and quantify the relative contributions from exhaust and non‐exhaust (brake‐wear) emissions. Such measurements may provide a cost‐effective way to monitor the changing contribution; of future particulate emissions as the vehicle fleet is electrified over the coming years.
Sedimentary Record of Glacial Impacts and Melt Water Discharge off the East Siberian Continental Margin, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhao Song , Liu Yanguang , Dong Linsen , Shi Xuefa , Polyak Leonid , Zou Xinqing , Wang Weiguo , Wu Dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe East Siberian Continental Margin is a major constituent of the western Arctic Ocean, ideal for studying the evolutionary history of the Siberian Ice Sheet (SIS) based on its unique geographical location and medium‐depth bathymetry. For this study, the sedimentary core CHINARE‐ARC07‐E25 (E25) was analyzed, revealing nearly continuous stable oxygen isotope and mineralogy records that preserved scenarios of the SIS development. Lithostratigraphic evidence suggests that the stratigraphic range of E25 extends to marine isotope stage (MIS) 7. Stable oxygen isotope analysis reveals multiple strong, light‐oxygen isotopic excursions since the penultimate glacial, accompanied by multiple patterns of ice rafted debris content and mineralogy. Based on these isotopic events, the potential factors causing the excursions and the provenance of drainage were evaluated. It was found that the excursion events recorded in pink‐white carbonate detritus layers could be related to the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The most typical events, occurring during the deglaciation periods of MIS6/5e and MIS4/3 to early MIS3, were characterized by involving a mixture of two or more sources, and could be used to trace the activity of the SIS, which has been ignored in previous studies. Findings of this study are expected to advance the understanding of SIS contribution to the western Arctic Ocean basin development, which is important for interpreting global climate change behavior of similar ice sheets in the Arctic region.
Influence of Nonseasonal River Discharge on Sea Surface Salinity and Height
Authors: Chandanpurkar Hrishikesh A. , Lee Tong , Wang Xiaochun , Zhang Hong , Fournier Severine , Fenty Ian , Fukumori Ichiro , Menemenlis Dimitris , Piecuch Christopher G. , Reager John T. , Wang Ou , Worden John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRiver discharge influences ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry. Due to the lack of a systematic, up‐to‐date global measurement network for river discharge, global ocean models typically use seasonal discharge climatology as forcing. This compromises the simulated nonseasonal variation (the deviation from seasonal climatology) of the ocean near river plumes and undermines their usefulness for interdisciplinary research. Recently, a reanalysis‐based daily varying global discharge data set was developed, providing the first opportunity to quantify nonseasonal discharge effects on global ocean models. Here we use this data set to force a global ocean model for the 1992–2017 period. We contrast this experiment with another experiment (with identical atmospheric forcings) forced by seasonal climatology from the same discharge data set to isolate nonseasonal discharge effects, focusing on sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea surface height (SSH). Near major river mouths, nonseasonal discharge causes standard deviations in SSS (SSH) of 1.3–3 practical salinity unit (1–2.7 cm). The inclusion of nonseasonal discharge results in notable improvement of model SSS against satellite SSS near most of the tropical‐to‐midlatitude river mouths and minor improvement of model SSH against satellite or in‐situ SSH near some of the river mouths. SSH changes associated with nonseasonal discharge can be explained by salinity effects on halosteric height and estimated accurately through the associated SSS changes. A recent theory predicting river discharge impact on SSH is found to perform reasonably well overall but underestimates the impact on SSH around the global ocean and has limited skill when applied to rivers near the equator and in the Arctic Ocean.
Metabolic biomarkers related to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Spinu Mihail , Socaciu Carmen , Budisan Livia , Leucuta Daniel-Corneliu , Popa Stefan-Lucian , Chis Bogdan Augustin , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Olinic Dan Mircea , Dumitrascu Dan L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Hepatic steatosis is associated with cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, we evaluated metabolites and their potential cardiovascular effects in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Materials and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 75 participants (38 MAFLD and 37 controls). Hepatic steatosis was confirmed by hepatic ultrasonography and SteatoTestTM. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. Metabolomic analysis was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results
The median age for participants’ age was 45 (IQR 30–56.5), with gender distribution of 35 males and 40 females. MAFLD patients had lower levels of glycyl tyrosine (p-value < 0.001), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:2/0:0) (p-value < 0.001), LPC (22:6) (p-value < 0.001), and ceramide (Cer) (d18:0/23:0) (p-value 0.003) compared to controls. MAFLD patients presented lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), E/A ratio, E/e′ ratio, and average global longitudinal strain (GLS) values, with a p-value of 0.047, <0.001, 0.008, and <0.001, respectively. Decreased glycyl tyrosine levels were significantly correlated with reduced LVEF, even after performing multiple linear regression with 95% CI (1.34–3.394, p-value < 0.001). Moreover, decreased LPC (18:2/0:0) levels remained significantly associated with E/A ratio, even after adjusting for confounding factors with 95% CI (0.008–0.258, p-value = 0.042).

Conclusion
MAFLD patients are at risk for developing cardiac systolic and subclinical systolic dysfunctions, as well as diastolic dysfunction. Decreased glycyl tyrosine levels correlate with reduced LVEF and LPC (18:2/0:0) levels with diastolic dysfunction, even after adjusting for confounding factors, suggesting their potential to be used as metabolic biomarkers in detecting cardiovascular risk.
The self on its axis: a framework for understanding depression
Authors: Davey Christopher G. , Harrison Ben J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe self is experienced differently in depression. It is infused with pervasive low mood, and structured by negative self-related thoughts. The concept of the self has been difficult to define—one of the reasons it is now infrequently an object of enquiry for psychiatry—but findings from functional brain imaging and other neuroscience studies have provided new insights. They have elucidated how the self is supported by complex, hierarchical brain processes. Bodily sensations rise through the spinal cord, brainstem, and subcortical regions through to cortical networks, with the default mode network sitting at the apex, integrating interoceptive signals with information about the extended social environment. We discuss how this forms a “self axis”, and demonstrate how this axis is set awry by depression. Our self-axis model of depression establishes a new perspective on the disorder. It emphasises the multi-level nature of depression, and how impacts made at different explanatory levels influence others along the axis. It suggests that diverse treatments might be effective for depression, from lifestyle interventions to psychotherapies to medications: they target different aspects of the self, but changes at one level of the self axis can affect others along it. Our framework for depression establishes a central role for the self, which might again become a useful focus of investigation.
MCL1 nuclear translocation induces chemoresistance in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Fu Dechen , Pfannenstiel Luke , Demelash Abeba , Phoon Yee Peng , Mayell Cameron , Cabrera Claudia , Liu Caini , Zhao Junjie , Dermawan Josephine , Patil Deepa , DeVecchio Jennifer , Kalady Matthew , Souers Andrew J. , Phillips Darren C. , Li Xiaoxia , Gastman Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadliest forms of cancer. Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL1), a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 protein family is associated with chemo-resistance in CRC. The ability of MCL1 to inhibit apoptosis by binding to the BH3 domains of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members is a well-studied means by which this protein confers resistance to multiple anti-cancer therapies. We found that specific DNA damaging chemotherapies promote nuclear MCL1 translocation in CRC models. In p53null CRC, this process is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the mechanism of which is distinct from the classical mitochondrial protection. We previously reported that MCL1 has a noncanonical chemoresistance capability, which requires a novel loop domain that is distinct from the BH3-binding domain associated with anti-apoptotic function. Herein we disclose that upon treatment with specific DNA-damaging chemotherapy, this loop domain binds directly to alpha-enolase which in turn binds to calmodulin; we further show these protein−protein interactions are critical in MCL1’s nuclear import and chemoresistance. We additionally observed that in chemotherapy-treated p53−/− CRC models, MCL1 nuclear translocation confers sensitivity to Bcl-xL inhibitors, which has significant translational relevance given the co-expression of these proteins in CRC patient samples. Together these findings indicate that chemotherapy-induced MCL1 translocation represents a novel resistance mechanism in CRC, while also exposing an inherent and targetable Bcl-xL co-dependency in these cancers. The combination of chemotherapy and Bcl-xL inhibitors may thus represent a rational means of treating p53−/− CRC via exploitation of this unique MCL1-based chemoresistance mechanism.
Make it easier: 3-word strategies to help children with cerebral visual impairment use their vision more effectively
Authors: Pilling Rachel F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the United Kingdom. Management relies on identifying strategies and adaptations which enable the child to use their vision effectively and efficiently. The majority of published strategies involve lengthy inventories used in a specialist setting. Feedback from parent support groups cite the provision of immediate advice on strategies at the time of diagnosis as a key indicator of good care. The aim of the study was to use the Delphi technique to construct a set of three-word phrases to succinctly describe strategies for common visual dysfunctions in children with CVI.

Method
A panel of twelve experts across health, education and those with lived experience was recruited. Four rounds of questionnaires were used to reach consensus on candidates symptoms and suggestions for 3-word-phrases. Consensus was defined as 70% agreement.

Results
Response rates were 92, 67, 92 and 91% for each round respectively. The 3-word phrases reaching consensus were: Big Bold Bright; Keep it Still; Eyes or Ears; Show It High; Better on Left/Right; Clear the Clutter; Keep It Short; Give Me Time, My Vision Varies, Just One Thing.

Conclusion
The intention is for the phrases presented to act as a ‘starter’ at the point of diagnosis and are appropriate for children of any developmental or visual ability. The real-life validation of this set of expert-consensus phrases will require further studies, evaluating both their effectiveness in terms of mapping to an intervention and impact on visual development.
Lack of TRPV1 aggravates obesity-associated hypertension through the disturbance of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Li Li , Ma Liqun , Luo Zhidan , Wei Xiao , Zhao Yu , Zhou Cui , Mou Aidi , Lu Zongshi , You Mei , He Chengkang , Ma Huan , Zhou Qing , Wang Lijuan , Cao Tingbing , Gu Yucun , Gao Peng , Zhu Zhiming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality; however, the mechanism underlying obesity-induced hypertension remains unclear. In this study, we detected the possible effects of TRPV1, a previously identified antihypertensive calcium (Ca2+) channel in adipose tissue, on the occurrence of obesity and hypertension in mice lacking UCP1, a spontaneously genetically manipulated obesity model, by generating TRPV1 and UCP1 double knockout mice. In these mice, obesity and hypertension appeared earlier and were more severe than in mice with the knockout of UCP1 or TRPV1 alone. The knockout of TRPV1 in UCP1 knockout mice further reduced functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) generation; decreased resting oxygen consumption, heat production, and locomotor activities; and was accompanied by severe mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction in BAT. Mechanistically, TRPV1, UCP1, and LETM1 acted as a complex to maintain an appropriate mitochondrial Ca2+ level, and TRPV1 knockout caused a compensatory increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via LETM1 activation. However, the compensatory response was blocked in UCP1−/− mice, resulting in dramatically reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and higher production of ATP and oxidative stress. This study provides in vivo evidence for the critical role of BAT mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in obesity-associated hypertension and indicates that the TRPV1/UCP1/LETM1 complex may be an alternative intervention target.
Maternal-fetal immune responses in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Garcia-Flores Valeria , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Theis Kevin R. , Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Miller Derek , Peyvandipour Azam , Bhatti Gaurav , Galaz Jose , Gershater Meyer , Levenson Dustyn , Pusod Errile , Tao Li , Kracht David , Florova Violetta , Leng Yaozhu , Motomura Kenichiro , Para Robert , Faucett Megan , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Zhang Gary , Tarca Adi L. , Pique-Regi Roger , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPregnant women represent a high-risk population for severe/critical COVID-19 and mortality. However, the maternal-fetal immune responses initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whether this virus is detectable in the placenta, are still under investigation. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy primarily induces unique inflammatory responses at the maternal-fetal interface, which are largely governed by maternal T cells and fetal stromal cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is also associated with humoral and cellular immune responses in the maternal blood, as well as with a mild cytokine response in the neonatal circulation (i.e., umbilical cord blood), without compromising the T-cell repertoire or initiating IgM responses. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 is not detected in the placental tissues, nor is the sterility of the placenta compromised by maternal viral infection. This study provides insight into the maternal-fetal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and emphasizes the rarity of placental infection.
Learning in continuous action space for developing high dimensional potential energy models
Authors: Manna Sukriti , Loeffler Troy D. , Batra Rohit , Banik Suvo , Chan Henry , Varughese Bilvin , Sasikumar Kiran , Sternberg Michael , Peterka Tom , Cherukara Mathew J. , Gray Stephen K. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) approaches that combine a tree search with deep learning have found remarkable success in searching exorbitantly large, albeit discrete action spaces, as in chess, Shogi and Go. Many real-world materials discovery and design applications, however, involve multi-dimensional search problems and learning domains that have continuous action spaces. Exploring high-dimensional potential energy models of materials is an example. Traditionally, these searches are time consuming (often several years for a single bulk system) and driven by human intuition and/or expertise and more recently by global/local optimization searches that have issues with convergence and/or do not scale well with the search dimensionality. Here, in a departure from discrete action and other gradient-based approaches, we introduce a RL strategy based on decision trees that incorporates modified rewards for improved exploration, efficient sampling during playouts and a “window scaling scheme" for enhanced exploitation, to enable efficient and scalable search for continuous action space problems. Using high-dimensional artificial landscapes and control RL problems, we successfully benchmark our approach against popular global optimization schemes and state of the art policy gradient methods, respectively. We demonstrate its efficacy to parameterize potential models (physics based and high-dimensional neural networks) for 54 different elemental systems across the periodic table as well as alloys. We analyze error trends across different elements in the latent space and trace their origin to elemental structural diversity and the smoothness of the element energy surface. Broadly, our RL strategy will be applicable to many other physical science problems involving search over continuous action spaces.