bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The exact statistical properties of a signed‐rank‐based adaptive exponential weighted moving average chart
Authors: Tang Anan , Ma Yuanman , Hu Xuelong , Huang Weidong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe adaptive exponential weighted moving average (AEWMA) monitoring technique has recently received increasing attention as a robust alternative requiring no knowledge of the actual shift magnitudes. In this paper, we develop a discrete state nonparametric AEWMA chart based on the Wilcoxon signed‐rank statistics. The major characteristic of this monitoring scheme is that it takes into account the discrete nature in terms of the statistics being used as well as the chart structure design. Moreover, an accurate evaluation of the chart's statistical properties is provided using an appropriate Markov chain approach. Simulation results show that this AEWMA signed‐rank scheme performs robustly across a diverse variety of distributions, and it can also provide an effective performance for detecting both small and large shifts. Finally, a real data example is cited for showing practical implications of our monitoring scheme.
Controllable Triboelectric Series Using Gradient Positive and Negative Charge‐Confinement Layer with Different Particle Sizes of Mesoporous Carbon Materials
Authors: Cha Seokjun , Cho Yujang , Kim Jong Gyeong , Choi Hyeongsub , Ahn Dahye , Sun Jingzhe , Kang Dong‐soo , Pak Chanho , Park Jong‐Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a method to maximize the energy efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), high‐voltage charge injection (HVCI) on the surface is a simple and effective method for increasing surface charge densities. In this study, positive and negative triboelectric series are controlled using a 3‐layer gradient charge‐confinement wherein the particle sizes of the mesoporous carbon spheres (mCSs) are sequentially arranged depending on the external surface area of the mCSs. In the gradient charge‐confinement layers of this study, the mCS with different sizes perform charge transport from the surface to a deep position during HVCI while mitigating the charge loss through charge confinement to induce the high space charge densities. Through this process, the output voltage—which is initially 15.2 V—is measured to be 600 V after HVCI, thus representing an increase of about 40 times. Further, to amplify the low output current, which is a disadvantage of triboelectric energy, two types of electrical energy—triboelectric and electromagnetic energy—are produced in single mechanical motion. As a result, the output current produced by the cylindrical TENG and electromagnetic generator is recorded as being 1300 times higher, increasing from 12.8 µA to 17.5 mA.
Unexpected hyperkalaemia in an anaesthetised calf undergoing umbilical fistula resection
Authors: Gonzalez Gomez Ana , Auckburally Adam , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDevelopment of unanticipated intraoperative hyperkalaemia in otherwise healthy veterinary patients is an uncommon phenomenon that has gained attention over recent years. Previous reports describe this complication as progressive over time, with greyhounds and wild felids under general anaesthesia being predisposed.This case report describes for first time, the development of acute unanticipated hyperkalaemia in a 9‐month‐old calf undergoing anaesthesia for umbilical fistula resection. Despite an acute increase of serum potassium concentration, no electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed at the time of diagnosis; possible causes and treatment are discussed. This case highlights that hyperkalaemia can develop unexpectedly in anaesthetised ruminants.
Challenges and Opportunities for Open, Distance, and Digital Education in the Global South
Authors: Mays Tony 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores some of the challenges and opportunities for expansion of open, distance, and digital education in the global south. The discussion begins by defining the terms as used in the chapter and explains why such approaches are of relevance to the diverse countries involved. The chapter then provides some current examples of open, distance, and digital education provision and how some of these practices have been adapted in response to external factors such as climate, financial, and pandemic crises. The chapter then discusses the challenges and opportunities indicated both by current practice and by current research into issues such as open pedagogy, technology-enabled learning, and educational financing. The chapter then makes an argument for the development of more resilient, future-directed education provision, drawing heavily on the experience of the Commonwealth of Learning in its efforts to support sustainable development through learning.
Charakterisierung von Sonnenschutzleistung: Quo vadis?
Authors: Osterwalder Uli , Surber Christian 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Aufgabe der ersten Sonnenschutzmittel war es, die Entstehung von Sonnenbrand zu verhindern und, dem Zeitgeist der 1950/60er-Jahre folgend, die Bräunung der Haut nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Schnell entstand die Notwendigkeit, die Schutzleistung zu quantifizieren. Ursprünglich unter Zuhilfenahme des natürlichen – heute eines künstlichen – Sonnenlichts wurde eine Methode zur Bestimmung eines Sonnenschutzfaktor (SPF) entwickelt. Dieser ist heute formal als das Verhältnis zwischen minimaler erythemwirksamer UV-Dosis auf mit Sonnenschutzmittel geschützter und minimaler erythemwirksamer UV-Dosis auf ungeschützter Haut definiert (ISO 24444:2019). Drei Beobachtungen stellen die Eignung der Methode infrage: 1) Zwischen-Labor-Variabilität: Trotz strenger Normierung sind Resultate von SPF-Bestimmungen aus verschiedenen Labors und Regionen sehr großen Schwankungen unterworfen. 2) Natürliches vs. künstliches Sonnenlicht: Das Strahlungsspektrum des künstlichen Sonnenlichts unterscheidet sich von dem des natürlichen Sonnenlichts. Die mit künstlichem Sonnenlicht bestimmten SPFs (wie auf allen derzeit im Handel befindlichen Sonnenschutzmitteln abgebildet) sind im Vergleich zur SPF-Bestimmung mit natürlichem Sonnenlicht deutlich zu hoch. 3) Erythembelastung: Bei der Bestimmung des SPF werden die Probanden potenziell schädlicher Strahlung ausgesetzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden alternative Methoden – In-vitro-SPF, hybride diffuse Reflexionsspektroskopie (HDRS) und In-silico-Berechnungen – vorgestellt. Diese haben das Potenzial, die heutige mit erheblichen Einschränkungen verbundene Methode abzulösen. Als Sofortmaßnahme wird die Rückbesinnung auf die für alle verständliche Beschreibung niedriger, mittlerer, hoher und sehr hoher Schutz empfohlen, in Zukunft unter Berücksichtigung des Spektrums des natürlichen Sonnenlichtes.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Nana , Fritzsche Kurt , Pan Yiqi , Löhlein Johanna , Leonhart Rainer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at investigating five dimensions of the psychological impact (post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance or profession-related burnout) of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCW) in China.

Methods
Studies that evaluated at least one of the five target dimensions of the psychological impact of COVID-19 on HCW in China were included. Studies with no data of our interest were excluded. Relevant Databases were searched from inception up to June 10, 2020. Preprint articles were also included. The methodological quality was assessed using the checklist recommended by AHRQ. Both the rate of prevalence and the severity of symptoms were pooled. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020197126) on July 09, 2020.

Results
We included 44 studies with a total of 65,706 HCW participants. Pooled prevalence rates of moderate to severe PTSS, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances were 27% (95% CI 16%-38%), 17% (13–21%), 15% (13–16%), and 15% (7–23%), respectively; while the prevalence of mild to severe level of PTSS, anxiety, and depression was estimated as 31% (25–37%), 37% (32–42%) and 39% (25–52%). Due to the lack of data, no analysis of profession-related burnout was pooled. Subgroup analyses indicated higher prevalence of moderate to severe psychological impact in frontline HCW, female HCW, nurses, and HCW in Wuhan.

Conclusion
About a third of HCW in China showed at least one dimension of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the prevalence of moderate and severe syndromes was relatively low. Studies on profession-related burnout, long-term impact, and the post-stress growth are still needed.
LeiP#netz 2.0: mapping COVID-19-related changes in mental health services in the German city of Leipzig
Authors: Duden Gesa Solveig , Gersdorf Stefanie , Trautmann Kai , Steinhart Ingmar , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Stengler Katarina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in psychosocial and psychiatric services in the German city of Leipzig during the COVID-19-pandemic.

Methods
A participatory, mixed-methods study was used involving a quantitative online survey and qualitative semi-structured interviews with professionals. Quantitative findings were reported with descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative data.

Results
Fifty professionals from various mental health services participated in the survey and eleven professionals were interviewed. Quantitative findings showed that some services were closed intermittently and that there was a stiff increase in use of digital/telephonic service and a decrease in face-to-face services. Staff or funding did not change considerably during the pandemic. Psychosocial groups were suspended or reduced, while access to services became more difficult and professional training for staff was stopped. Thematic analysis of the interviews showed that professionals experienced different phases and levels of change during the pandemic, including changes on a structural level, on the users’ level, and on the staff’ level. Professionals particularly criticised the equivocality of COVID-19 regulations, a defective flow of information and lack of attention for mental healthcare in public policies. They also saw positive aspects, such as the capacity of users and the outpatient care system to adapt to the new situation.

Conclusion
This study suggests directions for policy and service development, such as communicating clearly in infection-control measures, fostering outpatient care and networks between services.
Geometric cycles and bounded cohomology for a cocompact lattice in $${{\,\mathrm{SL}\,}}_n(\mathbb R)$$
Authors: Wang Shi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show there exists a closed locally symmetric manifold M modeled on $${{\,\mathrm{SL}\,}}_n(\mathbb R)/{{\,\mathrm{SO}\,}}(n)$$

SL

n

(
R
)

/

SO

(
n
)

, and a non-trivial homology class in degree $$\dim (M)-{{\,\mathrm{rank}\,}}(M)$$

dim
(
M
)
-

rank

(
M
)

represented by a totally geodesic submanifold that contains a circle factor. As a result, the comparison map $$c^k:H_b^k(M,\mathbb R)\rightarrow H^k(M,\mathbb R)$$

c
k

:

H
b
k

(
M
,
R
)

→

H
k

(
M
,
R
)

is not surjective in degree $$k=\dim (M)-{{\,\mathrm{rank}\,}}(M)$$

k
=
dim
(
M
)
-

rank

(
M
)

. This provides a counterpart to a result of Lafont and Wang (J Eur Math Soc (JEMS) 21(2):381–403, 2019) which states that $$c^k$$

c
k

is always surjective in degree $$k\ge \dim (M)-{{\,\mathrm{rank}\,}}(M)+2$$

k
≥
dim
(
M
)
-

rank

(
M
)
+
2

.
Quantification of tocochromanols in vitamin E dietary supplements by instrumental thin-layer chromatography
Authors: Kröpfl Alexander , Schweizer Sina , Vetter Walter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA variety of vitamin E dietary supplement capsules (DSC) based on different natural oils or synthesis products are currently found on the market whose vitamin contents need to be controlled before and after marketing. Here, we present an instrumental thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method which allows a direct determination of all tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) as well as α-tocopherol acetate simultaneously in one run with short analysis time. For this purpose, contents of the DSC were extracted, applied on silica gel 60 plates, and developed with n-hexane/ethyl acetate/acetic acid, 90:10:2 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. The UV scan of the plate at 293 nm was used for quantification based on the peak height. Following the scan, the plate was treated with 10% sulphuric acid in methanol which led to characteristic yellow-to-brown colouring of the tocochromanol spots which allowed to distinguish tocochromanols from matrix components with similar Rf values. In most cases, determined vitamin E contents matched well with the information listed on the label of the investigated DSC samples. The method is fast, easy to perform and gently treats the analytes as it requires no thermal treatment prior to quantification, which makes it suitable as a screening method.
Brain herniation (encephalocele) into arachnoid granulations: prevalence and association with pulsatile tinnitus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Smith Eric R. , Caton M. Travis , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E. , Remer Justin , Eisenmenger Laura B. , Baker Amanda , Shah Vinil N. , Tu-Chan Adelyn , Meisel Karl , Amans Matthew R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Brain herniation into arachnoid granulations (BHAG) of the dural venous sinuses is a recently described finding of uncertain etiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of BHAG in a cohort of patients with pulsatile tinnitus (PT) and to clarify the physiologic and clinical implications of these lesions.

Methods
The imaging and charts of consecutive PT patients were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were examined with MRI including pre- and post-contrast T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Images were reviewed separately by three blinded neuroradiologists to identify the presence of BHAG. Their location, signal intensity, size, presence of arachnoid granulation, and associated dural venous sinus stenosis were documented. Clinical records were further reviewed for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, history of prior lumbar puncture, and opening pressure.

Results
Two hundred sixty-two consecutive PT patients over a 4-year period met inclusion criteria. PT patients with BHAG were significantly more likely to have idiopathic intracranial hypertension than PT patients without BHAG (OR 4.2, CI 1.5–12, p = 0.006). Sixteen out of 262 (6%) patients were found to have 18 BHAG. Eleven out of 16 (69%) patients had unilateral temporal or occipital lobe herniations located in the transverse sinus or the transverse-sigmoid junction. Three out of 16 (19%) patients had unilateral cerebellar herniations and 2/16 (13%) patients had bilateral BHAG.

Conclusion
In patients with PT, BHAG is a prevalent MRI finding that is strongly associated with the clinical diagnosis of IIH. The pathogenesis of BHAG remains uncertain, but recognition should prompt comprehensive evaluation for IIH.
Behavioral Variables to Assess the Toxicity of Unionized Ammonia in Aquatic Snails: Integrating Movement and Feeding Parameters
Authors: Alonso Álvaro , Gómez-de-Prado Gloria , Romero-Blanco Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBehavioral endpoints are important parameters to assess the effects of toxicants on aquatic animals. These endpoints are useful in ecotoxicology because several toxicants modify the animal behavior, which may cause adverse effects at higher levels of ecological organization. However, for the development of new bioassays and for including the behavior in ecotoxicological risk assessment, the comparison of sensitivity between different behavioral endpoints is necessary. Additionally, some toxicants remain in aquatic environments for a few hours or days, which may lead to animal recovery after toxicant exposure. Our study aimed to assess the effect of unionized ammonia on the movement and feeding behaviors of the aquatic gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Tateidae, Mollusca) and its recovery after exposure. Four treatments were used: a control and three nominal concentrations of unionized ammonia (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg N-NH3/L). Each treatment was replicated eight times, with six animals in each replicate. Animals were exposed to unionized ammonia for 48 h (exposure period) and, subsequently, to control water for 144 h (post-exposure period). Two movement variables were monitored without food and five feeding behavioral variables were monitored in the presence of food. Some of the feeding behavioral variables showed higher sensitivity (LOEC = 0.25–0.5 mg N-NH3/L) than the movement behavior variables monitored without food (LOEC = 1 mg N-NH3/L). After exposure to unionized ammonia, animals showed a recovery of most behavioral endpoints. The inclusion of post-exposure period and feeding behaviors in bioassays may make studies more realistic, which is crucial for a proper ecotoxicological risk assessment.
Feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT for detection of nodal and hematogenous spread in high-grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Unterrainer Lena M. , Lindner Simon , Eismann Lennert , Casuscelli Jozefina , Gildehaus Franz-Josef , Bui Vinh Ngoc , Albert Nathalie L. , Holzgreve Adrien , Beyer Leonie , Todica Andrei , Brendel Matthias , Cyran Clemens C. , Karl Alexander , Stief Christian G. , Ledderose Stephan T. , Unterrainer Marcus , Bartenstein Peter , Wenter Vera , Kretschmer Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
[68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that targets fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression as FAP inhibitor (FAPI) and could already show promising results in several tumor entities. It could be demonstrated that an increased FAP expression correlates with tumor aggressivity in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Given the limited value of [18F]FDG in UC, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 could add diagnostic information in staging and response assessment in UC. We present the first data of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET imaging in a pilot cohort of UC patients evaluating uptake characteristics in metastases and primary tumors.

Methods
Fifteen patients with UC prior to or after local treatment underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT imaging for detection of metastatic spread. We compared the biodistribution in non-affected organs and tumor uptake of UC lesions by standard uptake value measurements (SUVmean and SUVmax). Additionally, metastatic sites on PET were compared to its morphological correlate on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).

Results
Overall, 64 tumor sites were detected on PET and/or CT. The highest uptake intensity was noted at the primary site (SUVmax 20.8 (range, 8.1–27.8)) followed by lymph node metastases (SUVmax 10.6 (range, 4.7–29.1)).
In 4/15 (26.7%) patients there were [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46-positive lesions that were missed on standard routine CT imaging. On the other hand, 2/15 patients had suspicious prominent bipulmonary nodules as well as pelvic lymph nodes previously rated as suspicious for metastatic spread on CT, but without increased FAPI expression; here histopathology excluded malignancy.

Conclusion
[68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET shows distinctly elevated uptake in UC lesions. Therefore, the tracer has potential as a promising new biomarker in metastatic UC patients, as [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET might improve detection of metastatic sites compared to CT alone. These findings highly emphasize larger studies investigating FAPI imaging in UC patients.
Body Self-Perception After Breast Reconstruction in Young Female Patients Affected by Poland Syndrome
Authors: Baldelli Ilaria , Zena Monica , Vappiani Monica , Berrino Valeria , Bruzzone Marco , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Raposio Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cosmetic and social aspects of breast anomalies in Poland syndrome are not negligible. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic timing may have a positive impact on quality of life.

Methods
Females affected by Poland syndrome, who had breast reconstruction between 2014 and 2018, were asked to complete the Body Uneasiness Test and the postoperative Breast-Q. Correlation between scores was evaluated. Correlation between scores was statistically evaluated.

Results
Thirty patients who had completed breast reconstruction at 20.9 ± 6.5 yo fulfilled the questionnaires at the average age of 26.5 ± 8.1 yo. BUT scores were similar to healthy population considering different age groups, with the exception of Compulsive Self-Monitoring subscale for 16–17-year age group. A correlation between Depersonalization and “Thighs” and “Legs” was present. On average, satisfaction with breast resulted 79.1%, satisfaction with surgical outcome was 94.9%, psychosocial well-being was 78.5%, sexual well-being was 75.3%, and relative physical well-being in chest and upper body was 36.9%. Global Uneasiness, Avoidance, Weight Phobia, Body Image Concern and Depersonalization were significantly correlated with lower psychosocial well-being. Avoidance was significantly correlated with lower sexual well-being.

Conclusions
Breast reconstruction in Poland syndrome can help to improve quality of life. However, general body uneasiness can affect satisfaction with the final result.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.
Assessing the Impact of Primary Tumour Location on Survival After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Propensity Weighted Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Borakati Aditya , Froghi Farid , Shetye Alysha , Fusai Giuseppe K. , Davidson Brian R. , Mirnezami Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRight‐sided colonic tumours appear to have poorer survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases, although this may be confounded by various factors including advanced stage and emergency presentation.MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases at a single centre from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were categorised by primary tumour location (right colon, left colon, rectum). Each primary location was weighted using propensity scores to balance covariates, including staging and mode of presentation. Cox regression was then applied to derive multivariable hazard ratios (HR) of survival after liver resection. Primary outcomes were 10‐year overall survival (OS) and 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) after liver resection based on PTL.Results414 patients were included in the analysis. Left colonic tumours were significantly associated with higher rates of bilobar liver metastasis (36.2% vs. 20.1% and 30.1%) and larger maximum size of liver metastases compared with rectal and right‐sided tumours, respectively. There was no difference in rates of extra‐hepatic metastases, recurrence in the liver after resection or RAS, BRAF or p53 mutational status. After propensity weighting and Cox‐regression, right‐sided tumours were independently associated with significantly reduced 10 year OS (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.03–2.36, p = 0.04) but not 5 year DFS (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.89–2.08, p = 0.15).ConclusionsCompared with left colonic and rectal tumours, right‐sided colonic tumours are independently associated with inferior OS after resection of CRLM. This is despite higher rates of bilobar liver metastases and larger metastases with left‐sided tumours.