bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off-label use of omalizumab in a 6-year-old child with severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Alzyoud Raed 
Published: April 2022

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 3% of adults and 15%-20% of children across the world. Although the mainstay of treatment is topical corticosteroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors, a majority of patients will not achieve a control of their condition and will need systemic treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants (1). Omalizumab is a humanized anti-IgE antibody licensed by the European Medical Agency for treatment of severe allergic asthma and spontaneous chronic urticaria in children older than 6 and 12 years, respectively; and a promising efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of severe refractory AD has been shown by the ADAPT randomized clinical trial (2).
Case report: A 6-year-old male patient being treated and followed at a pediatric dermatology clinic for a diagnosis of AD since the age of 3 years, showed unresponsive disease to different topical treatment options and non-pharmacological measures. The patient was referred to our clinic for systemic treatment when his SCORAD index was 70/103. At our immunology clinic, we did an extensive workup to unveil a comorbid or underlying disease. His labs showed high IgE levels at 2500 IU/mL, hypereosinophilia, and normal IgA, IgM, and lymphocyte subsets. We started him on different lines of immunosuppressants, including cyclosporine, prednisolone, tacrolimus, and intensive topical treatment; however, the patient did not show any noticeable response for 2 years. We then started him on omalizumab 300 mg twice weekly, and the SCORAD index dropped to 57 at 12 weeks and 55 at 18 weeks. The drug is still well tolerated, and we were able to stop systemic steroids at 15 weeks of treatment.
Conclusion: Off-label use of omalizumab in a 6-year-old child with refractory severe AD was effective and safe in controlling the disease even though conventional systemic immunosuppressants proved ineffective.
Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim induced fixed drug eruption in a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Rahim Thalappil Sherin , A Al-Nesf Maryam 
Published: April 2022

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a known Primary immunodeficiency disease that results in recurrent, life-threatening bacterial, fungal infections and granuloma formation which requires lifelong antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis. Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (TMP-SMX/Septrin) is the prophylactic antibacterial drug of choice. Adverse drug reactions, including Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) to TMP-SMX in CGD patients, are challenging as it may result in serious complications and difficulties in management.
A seventeen-year-old Qatari female diagnosed with CGD was maintained on prophylactic TMP-SMX and itraconazole since childhood. She developed bullous skin lesions involving the face, neck, and trunk sparing the limbs. The skin lesion was confirmed to be FDE by skin biopsy. TMP-SMX was discontinued as it was suspected to be the causative agent. Atovaquone 1500 mg and clarithromycin 250 mg daily were started as an alternative, but the patient could not tolerate them. TMP-SMX slow graded challenge and desensitization were performed; however, the patient developed similar lesions in the previous affected areas on day 3 of desensitization, which responded well to discontinuation of TMP-SMX along with administration of steroid. FDE to TMP-SMX as the causative agent was confirmed. An MDT meeting was conducted to evaluate other available options for treatment. Also, the case was discussed with international immunology colleagues. The recommendation was to go for bone marrow transplantation to treat the primary disease. Six years post transplants, the patient is doing well and is not on any medications apart from the hormonal replacement therapy patch.
CGD predisposes to several gram-positive, gram-negative bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Serratia marcescens, Nocardia species) and fungal infections. TMP-SMX is an ideal antibiotic as it is relatively cheap with good coverage and orally available. In the medical literature, desensitization can be tried in FDE, especially if there is no alternative for the needed drug. FDE signs should be observed when administered TMP-SMX.
Hypopigmentation following intradermal allergy skin testing performed as part of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine allergy evaluation
Authors: Imameldin Asaad , Ibrahim Yaldez , Ibrahim Tayseer , Mobayed Hassan 
Published: April 2022

Background: Skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal test (IDT) are standard procedures in the allergy practice that are safe when performed. Individuals with a history of allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine can undergo allergy skin testing for polyethylene glycol and polysorbate 80 to determine their eligibility for the same vaccine or a safe alternative.
Hypopigmentation is an infrequent adverse effect of corticosteroids, including triamcinolone acetonide, following local and intralesional treatment. Exposure to high potency corticosteroids for a long duration and the intradermal injection route are risk factors for hypopigmentation.
In this case report, we describe the development of hypopigmentation following triamcinolone ID testing.
Case report: A 29-year-old lady with a history of immediate severe allergic reaction following the first dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer) underwent SPT and IDT for polysorbate 80 and polyethylene glycol. Triamcinolone acetonide and Prevnar 13 were used as an indicator of polysorbate 80. Following a negative SPT, IDT for triamcinolone acetonide was negative at 1:10 of 40 mg/mL and positive at 1:1 of 40 mg/mL. A few days later, she noticed hypopigmented lesions at the site of the intradermal skin test for both concentrations of triamcinolone. The lesions have increased in size since then (see image). The patient was diagnosed with steroid-induced hypopigmentation secondary to triamcinolone IDT injection.
Conclusion: Skin hypopigmentation following intraarticular and intralesional triamcinolone injection has been reported previously. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of steroid-induced hypopigmentation following intradermal skin testing. Furthermore, this report highlights that even a low dose of local triamcinolone can cause hypopigmentation. We believe that this case report regarding the rare adverse event will alert clinicians to the potential complication of corticosteroid IDT and help them counsel the patients and provide a thorough explanation before any procedure.
COMMAND STRUCTURES OF MILITARY ENGINEERING BRANCH, FROM THE ROMANIAN ARMY, IN THE PERIOD 1941-1946
Authors: CÎRJĂU Cristian Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

The situation during the years 1941-1946 was particularly complex, a period in which the Romanian Army participated in military operations, both in the Eastern campaign against the Russian Army and in the Western campaign against the German Army, which was allied to us for a time. For the leadership and coordination of military actions, the existing Romanian commands, or those established according to current needs, cooperated closely with both the German and as well as the Russian ones from the moment we turned our weapons against the Germans. During both campaigns, the structures within the Romanian commands were some newly established and others organized and reorganized according to the needs required by the current situation. Among these structures, there are those of military engineering, who led and coordinated all specific activities. In this study I aimed to identify the organization and role of military engineering structures, within the Romanian commands, in leading and coordinating engineering actions during 1941-1946, in order to make later, in another study, a comparative analysis with the military engineering structures of the Romanian Army existing at this date.
Commercialisation of human embryos and stem cells
Authors: Balakrishnan Preetham , Balu N. 
Published: April 2022

The Multinational Corporations involved in stem cell research are lined up in the race to obtain patents for stem cells and economically exploit the patent within the time span of Twenty Years. Though stem cells have the ability to change the lives of many patients, the full potential of the stem cells is yet to be unveiled. Albeit the concerns stem cells have been used in regenerative therapies, to treat COVID-19, Parkinson diseases. Hence countries like U.S, EU, Japan, South Korea have made huge investments in Research on stem cells. However, the trepidation of morality, human right concerns on using embryos for research in stem cell industry has been criticized by human right activists, Feminists, religious leaders. This article analyses whether ‘human dignity’ and ‘Human rights’ concerns in stem cell research and commercialization can be conceded to establish ‘highest standards of health’ from a right based approach.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND TACTICAL ISSUES INVESTIGATIONS OF CRIMES UNDER ARTICLE 201.1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: ЗАХАРОВА Валентина Олеговна , ГАНИЕВ Ибрагим Магаметович 
Published: April 2022

В статье обосновывается необходимость производства ряда следственных действий при расследовании преступлений, предусмотренных ст. 201.1 УК РФ, через призму организационных и тактических рекомендаций. Также даются рекомендации по планированию расследования данного состава преступления.
The article substantiates the need for a number of investigative actions in the investigation of crimes under Article 201.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation through the prism of organizational and tactical recommendations. The authors give recommendations for planning the investigation of this crime.
Effect of Fellow Involvement and Experience on Patient Outcomes in Spine Surgery
Authors: Levy Hannah A. , Karamian Brian A. , Yalla Goutham R. , Narayanan Rajkishen , Vijayakumar Gayathri , Gilmore Griffin , Canseco Jose A. , Woods Barrett I. , Kurd Mark F. , Rihn Jeffrey A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Investigations in spine surgery have demonstrated that trainee involvement correlates with increased surgical time, readmissions, and revision surgeries; however, the specific effects of spine fellow involvement remain unelucidated. This study aims to investigate the isolated effect of fellow involvement on surgical timing and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) after spine surgery and evaluate how surgical outcomes differ by fellow experience.

Methods:
All patients aged 18 years or older who underwent primary or revision decompression or fusion for degenerative diseases and/or spinal deformity between 2017 and 2019 at a single academic institution were retrospectively identified. Patient demographics, surgical factors, intraoperative timing, transfusion status, length of stay (LOS), readmissions, revision rate, and preoperative and postoperative PROMs were recorded. Surgeries were divided based on spine fellow participation status and occurrence in the start or end of fellowship training. Univariate and multivariate analyses compared outcomes across fellow involvement and fellow experience groups.

Results:
A total of 1,108 patients were included. Age, preoperative diagnoses, number of fusion levels, and surgical approach differed markedly by fellow involvement. Fellow training experience groups differed by patient smoking status, preoperative diagnosis, and surgical approach. On univariate analysis, spine fellow involvement was associated with extended total theater time, induction start to cut time, cut to close time, and LOS. Increased spine fellow training was associated with reduced cut to close time and LOS. On regression, fellow involvement predicted cut to close extension while increased fellow training experience predicted reduction in cut to close time, both independent of surgical factors and assisting residents or physician assistants. Transfusions, readmissions, revision rate, and PROMs did not differ markedly by fellow involvement or experience.

Conclusion:
Spine fellow participation predicted extended procedural duration. However, the presence of a spine fellow did not affect long-term postoperative outcomes. Furthermore, increased fellow training experience predicted decreased procedural time, underscoring a learning effect.

Availability of Data and Material:
The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3
UJI AKTIVITAS DAUN MAREME (Glochidion Borneense (Müll Arg) Boerl) SEBAGAI ANTIDIARE PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR SWISS WEBSTER
Authors: Anggraeni Reza , Alfiar Ilham , Suhendi Hendy 
Published: April 2022

Diare merupakan gangguan air besar (BAB) pada tubuh dimana bisa ditandai dengan frekuensi buang air besar (BAB) lebih dari 3 kali sehari dengan konsistensi fesesnya yang berbentuk cair. Pemanfaatan daun mareme secara empiris sebagai antidiare telah dilakukan oleh masyarakat sekitar daerah Banjarsari. Penggunaan daun mareme menggunakan jumlah helaian daun yang berjumlah ganjil. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui aktivitas dari daun mareme dan pada dosis berapakah yang memberikan aktivitas sebagai antidiare. Metode yang digunakan adalah induksi Oleum ricini pada mencit jantan Galur Swiss Webster. Esktrak etanol daun mareme diberikan sebanyak 0,39 mg /20 gram BB mencit, 0,78 mg /20 gram BB mencit, dan 1,56 gram /20 gram BB mencit. Sebagai pembanding digunakan loperamid HCL sebanyak 5,2 mg. Hasil aktivitas antidiare daun mareme pada parameter frekuensi feses menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada dosis 0,39 mg /20 gram BB mencit dan dosis 1,56 mg /20 gram BB mencit. Parameter konsistensi feses, bobot feses dan waktu muncul feses terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) untuk dosis 0,39 mg /20 gram BB mencit, dosis 0,78 mg /20 gram BB mencit dan dosis 1,56 mg /20 gram BB mencit. Dosis yang memberikan aktivitas antidiare yang paling baik yaitu kelompok dosis 0,39 mg/20 gram BB mencit.
Antituberculosis Drug Repurposing: A New Hope for Tackling Multi-Challenging TB in Timely Manner
Authors: Majeed Shahnawaz , Mehraj Safiya , Ahmad Zahoor 
Published: April 2022

Tuberculosis still stands as the world’s leading infectious disease as 1/4th of the world’s population harbors Latent TB infection (LTBI) > 10 million develops active TB and ~ 1.5 million people die per year. Approximately 4,65,000 people fell ill with multidrug or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB)/year. This deadly TB scenario demands new TB drug regimens to tackle global infection reservoir, and worldwide spread of drug resistance and DS TB. Successful entry of single new drug into market is much complicated mission owing to time, cost, efficacy, and safety issues. Therefore, drug repurposing seems one reliable hope to meet the challenges of modern TB drug discovery timely, as it starts with examining market acclaimed drugs against other diseases for their efficacies against tuberculosis avoiding several lengthy and costly steps required for new molecules. Several drugs have been identified, which show potential for TB treatment. There is need for careful consideration of various trial designs to ensure that TB phase III trials are initiated for fruitful development of new TB treatment regimens. TB drug repurposing will not only give fast track novel drugs but will also serve to identify new targets for future development in cost-effective manner.
Change Detection by Monitoring Residuals from Time Series Models
Authors: Burr Tom , Kaufeld Kim 
Published: April 2022

Change detection in time series can be approached by fitting a model to the no-change, ordinary background data and then monitoring time series of residuals, where a residual is defined as residual = data – fit. In many applications, models that fit time series data lead to residuals that exhibit no patterns unless the signal of interest is present. Therefore, an effective signal or change detection approach is to first fit a time series model to the background data without any signal and then monitor the time series of residuals for evidence of the signal. This chapter briefly reviews a few time series modeling options and then focuses on statistical tests for monitoring residuals, including Page’s cumulative sum (cusum, a type of scan statistic), the ordinary cumulative sum (cumsum), the matched filter (a version of the Neyman-Pearson test statistic), and pattern tests, such as those used in quality control. Simulation and analytical approximation methods are recommended for studying test behavior, as illustrated in three examples.
An update on the spider genus Caponina Simon (Araneae: Caponiidae) with descriptions of three new six-eyed species from Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Ruiz Alexander , Martínez Leonel , Bonaldo Alexandre B. 
Published: April 2022

Three new six-eyed species of the spider genus Caponina Simon, 1891 are described, photographed, diagnosed and illustrated: C. alejandroi sp. nov. (male and female) from the Boyacá Department, C. bochalema sp. nov. (male) from the Santander Department and C. huila sp. nov. (male) from the Huila Department. Also, a emended diagnosis for the genus, a distribution map and an identification key for all species of Caponina are provided.
Antifungal Activity of Echinops echinatus and Fagonia cretica from Cholistan Desert-Pakistan
Authors: Hadi Faheem , Khawer Annum , Riaz Amna , Basharat Anaab , Habib-E-Ajmi Muhammad , Maqbool Tahir , Rafiq Muhammad , Sarwar Muhammad , Muhammad Tahir , Zahra Memoona 
Published: April 2022

Background: Fungal infections are getting worse due to their resistance against available antibiotics and have always remain a problem. Homoeopathic mother tinctures are part of therapy in clinical patients with less side effects and much efficient against pathogenic infections.
Methodology: Echinops echinatus and Fagonia cretica plant mother tinctures were performed and used to evaluate the anti-fungal potential of these plants against potentially pathogenic fungal species like Candida albicans, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus by agar disc diffusion method. Three doses were used (0.25 ml, 0.5 ml and 1 ml volume per disc) and zone of inhibition was observed in millimetres and compared with positive control Fluconazole (2 mg/ml) which is commercially available.
Results: The results indicated efficacy of both mother tinctures showed remakarble activity against pathogens with zone of inhibition ranging 17.33 – 30.33 mm.
Conclusion: Current work indicated anti-infective potential of plants which can be added in therapy of infections in future after confirmation in in-vivo models.
Best practice model for outpatient psychiatric pharmacy practice, part 2: Confirmation of the attribute statements
Authors: Lee Kelly C. , Silvia Richard J. , Payne Gregory H. , Moore Tera D. , Ansara Elayne D. , Ross Clint A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP) used multiple modalities to develop and refine 28 attribute statements to describe a best practice model for outpatient psychiatric pharmacists. Before addressing implementation, assessment, and field testing, it was necessary to finalize and confirm the statements and their supporting narratives among stakeholders. The objective of this project was to confirm the attribute statements and supporting justifications for a best practice model for outpatient psychiatric pharmacists providing direct patient care.

Methods
The 4 phases that resulted in the 28 attribute statements and supporting narratives have been described and published elsewhere. As part of phase 5, the confirmation survey was distributed to pharmacists and resident members of AAPP in November 2021 for 3 weeks.

Results
The survey respondents (n = 74; 6.1%) were licensed pharmacists for an average of 15.6 years (SD = 12.0) and had been practicing as psychiatric pharmacists for an average of 11.3 years (SD = 10.4). Slightly more than half (54.2%) of the respondents reported practicing in the outpatient setting and three-fourths (74.3%) were Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists. For each of the 28 statements, more than 90% of respondents either agreed or agreed with minimal reservations.

Discussion
Given the high degree of agreement on the proposed practice model statements, they will be used as the basis for the outpatient psychiatric pharmacist best practice model. Next steps in developing this model include establishing implementation guidance, determining appropriate metrics for evaluation of these statements in practice, and establishing appropriate field-testing methods.
Genetics of Transposition of Great Arteries
Authors: De Ita Ley Marlon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital defect of the heart's outflow tract characterised by discordant ventricle‐arterial connections that could be described clinically as ‘regular’ or RTGA and congenital corrected TGA or CCTGA. Most patients who present transposition of the great arteries display this defect as isolated and sporadic, but familiar forms, accompanied by other defects, have also been reported. Although genetic anomalies are commonly associated with congenital heart disease, RTGA and CCTGA features differ and their aetiology is still unknown in most patients.

Key Concepts

The two presentations of
transposition of the great arteries
(
TGA
) are the
congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
(
CCTGA
) and ‘regular’ transposition of great arteries or RTGA.

Some Klinefelter syndrome patients display TGA.

22q11.2 deletion is poorly related to TGA.

TGA is related to rare
copy number variations
(
CNV
) microdeletions and microduplication as del11q21, del1q21.1 and del18p.

Kabuki and Carpenter syndromes are associated with TGA.

Ciliar function related syndromes Ellis Van Creveld, Simpson–Golabi–Behmel and Nephronophthisis, are associated with TGA.

NODAL
,
GDF1
and
MED13L
mutations are associated with TGA.

TGA remains as
congenital heart disease
(
CHD
) with an unknown aetiology.
The Role of Posttranslational Modification in Cellular Function
Authors: McDermott Connor , Gaona‐Gamboa Abril , Lee Sung Hyun , Sesco Ethan , Deppmann Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

There is a wide variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) ranging from the addition of small moieties like phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation to the removal of domains via proteolysis to the addition of other macromolecules such as sugars, lipids, and other proteins. These PTMs serve various functions, from contributing to the localisation of a modified protein to marking proteins for degradation to improving protein stability. A common feature of PTMs is the reader, writer, and eraser framework, wherein writers add a PTM, readers detect that modification and trigger a corresponding signalling cascade, and erasers remove the modification. Through focusing on the functions of these PTMs with a particular emphasis on cell function, we analyse the complex regulatory role played by PTMs and the overarching similarities between PTM systems.

Key Concepts

Cell functions can be regulated via the
posttranslational modification
(
PTM
) of proteins.

There is a wide variety of PTMs including the addition of small moieties, the linkage of other macromolecules, or cleavage.

PTMs play an integral role in protein degradation, protein localisation.

A common feature of PTMs is a system of readers, writers and erasers.

Writers add a PTM to a protein.

Readers detect a PTM and trigger a corresponding signalling cascade.

Erasers remove a PTM.

Over or under abundance of a PTM can lead to pathology.