bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Import Operations into the European Union Require Established Operators (Or Identification of an Indirect Customs Representative)
Authors: Fruscione Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Circular no. 40 of 2021 of the Italian Customs Agency is important, as it addresses a significant problem for non-established economic operators who must carry out import operations into a Member State of the European Union, as it emphasizes the need to have a VAT (Value Added Tax) number and a tax representative who fulfils the formalities connected with the payment of the duties; from the customs point of view, this person is regarded as the importer and therefore able to provide all the information required for the procedure of release for free circulation and will be identified through the EORI (acronym for Economic Operator Registration and Identification) code that will be assigned to them by the customs authority at the time of the first relevant transaction. However, operators not established in the Union territory will be required, in order to be able to submit a customs declaration (in the specific case, of release for free circulation), to assign a mandate without representation to an established subject, in order for the latter to carry out this fulfilment, remaining jointly and severally obliged with its principal for the obligation deriving from the presentation of the declaration for the release for free circulation regime.
Importer, non-established, mandate, representation, declaration, person, territory, obligations, duties
Empirical Analysis of National Courts Vacatur and Enforcement of International Commercial Arbitration Awards
Authors: Alford Roger P. , Baltag Crina , E.K. Hall Matthew , Sasson Monique 
Published: June 2022

The empirical research in this article relies on a data set including all national court decisions on recognition, enforcement and setting aside (vacatur) of international commercial arbitration awards available in the Kluwer database that were rendered from 1 January 2010 to 1 June 2020.Within the time parameters of this study, there were 504 vacatur actions and 553 offensive recognition and enforcement actions. Those decisions were rendered by national courts in 74 different jurisdictions. The research coded every argument raised by defendants challenging the recognition and enforcement of awards based on grounds set forth in Article V of the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, as well as every argument raised by claimants to challenge awards based on the grounds set forth in Article 34 of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. In addition to these grounds, several others, outside the two instruments mentioned above, have been identified in the data set. The results of the research are presented in the article below. An overarching conclusion would be that courts overwhelmingly enforce foreign arbitration awards, in 73% of the cases in the data set, without significant variations between courts in various jurisdictions, and, respectively, overwhelmingly refuse to vacate arbitral awards, with courts vacating in only 23% of cases, again without significant variations between courts in various jurisdictions.
arbitral award, national court, set aside, vacatur, recognition and enforcement, public policy, UNCITRAL, New York Convention, due process, arbitrationRoger
Article V(1)(e) of the New York Convention: To Enforce orNot to Enforce Set Aside Arbitral Awards?
Authors: Baltag Crina 
Published: June 2022

The recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards which are set aside at the seat continues to be a ‘hot’ topic, triggered by the increasing number of cases in which the prevailing party in the arbitration attempts to enforce such award in various jurisdictions where the assets of the award debtor are located. Such jurisdictions may have different approaches to the application of Article V(1)(e) of theNew York Convention providing for the possibility that courts refuse recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards already set aside. Kluwer Research confirms, that, first, this ground under Article V(1)(e), while the most successfully argued ground under Article V of the New York Convention, is only upheld in 34% of the cases, and that, second, there are diverse approaches of the national courts in assessing such ground, ranging from deference to the courts of the seat of arbitration, to a truly delocalized, transnational approach to the recognition and enforcement of awards.
set aside, recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, arbitral awards, local standard annulment, international standard annulment, annulment, seat of arbitration, arbitration
Article: Uganda’s Tax System: Key Challenges and Prospects for Improvement
Authors: Bachmann Carmen , Gebhardt Johannes , Kayongo Patrick Sunday 
Published: June 2022

Most studies on tax research have focused on the developed countries, and those on developing countries concentrate on subjects of general application. As a result, research on many aspects of tax applicable to low-income countries (LICs) has been neglected. By presenting an in-depth analysis of Uganda’s tax system, this study seeks to address this gap. The authors analysed panel data spanning over seventeen years to identify the key system gaps. The findings revealed that Uganda’s tax system conforms to the generally accepted international standards, and its economic performance during the period was above the regional sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) average. However, tax revenue performance still remains poor. The main reasons include: unrealistic tax expenditures, corruption, poor governance, low tax morale, overdependence on international trade tax revenues, and structural system weaknesses. To address those challenges, mitigation measures including creating a firm and all-inclusive political settlement; enforcing anti-corruption measures; streamlining the tax system to eliminate system inefficiencies; and systematically formalizing the agricultural and informal sectors to widen the tax base are proposed. It is hoped that the findings provide valuable insights to tax policymakers in formulating policies for improving revenue performance in Uganda and related LICs.
Uganda, taxation, tax system, tax reform, tax challenges, revenue mobilization, revenue performance, low-income countries, corruption, political settlement.
The US and EU Solar Trade Remedies Saga: The Globalization of Mercantilism
Authors: López Julio Antonio García , Sancho María Moreno 
Published: June 2022

This article explores the different trade-restrictive measures and legal strategies carried out by the United States and the European Union during the solar trade remedies saga. It focuses on the US and EU use of rules of origin as a protectionist device against the alleged circumvention of anti-dumping and countervailing duties, as well as on the cartelizing effect of US and the EU legal strategies with respect to solar trade remedies. It concludes that the US and EU solar trade remedies saga has resulted in the globalization of mercantilism. The elimination of trade remedies on products used in renewable energy is hereby proposed
trade remedies, trade-restrictive measures, anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, safeguard measures, circumvention, globalization, environment, solar trade remedies, CSPV cells products
International Trade in the CFS Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition: A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Alabrese Mariagrazia , Coli Francesca 
Published: June 2022

In February 2021, the members of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) endorsed the first-ever Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition (VGFSyN) aimed at supporting countries in their efforts to eradicate all forms of hunger and malnutrition, while strengthening the process towards sustainable food systems. This article investigates whether and how the VGFSyN address international trade, whose role in the functioning of food systems is clearly highlighted in current global policy initiatives. The analysis examines the relationship between trade policies and food security and nutrition. It highlights the most important positions on the matter of the members of the CFS during the preparation of the guidelines. We argue that the CFS missed the opportunity to include trade and its profound effect on nutrition in the supposedly systemic approach adopted in the guidelines. We believe that the VGFSyN would have been an ideal opportunity to emphasize the relationship between trade and food and nutrition security, and to call attention to the importance of trade in the transition towards sustainable food systems.
world food security, nutrition security, food systems, sustainable food systems, trade policies, Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition (VGFSyN), WTO Agreement on Agriculture, non-trade concerns, agricultural trade liberalization, right to food
Identifying Optimal Parameters And Their Impact For Predicting Credit Card Defaulters Using Machine-Learning Algorithms
Authors: Muhammad Qasim Idrees  , Humaira Naeem  , Muhammad Imran  , Asma Batool  , Nadia Tabassum  
Published: June 2022

Data mining and Machine learning are the emerging technologies that are rapidly spreading in every field of life due to their beneficial aspects. The financial sector also makes use of these technologies. Many research studies regarding banking data analysis have been performed using machine learning techniques. These research studies also have many Problems as the main focus of these studies was to achieve high accuracy and some of them only perform comparative analysis of different classifier's performance. Another major drawback of these studies was that they do not identify any optimal parameters and their impact. In this research, we have identified optimal parameters. These parameters are valuable for performing the credit scoring process and might also be used to predict credit card defaulters. We also find their impact on the results. We have used feature selection and classification techniques to identify optimal parameters and their impact on credit card defaulters identification. We have introduced three classifiers which are Kstar, SMO and Multilayer perceptron and repeat the process of classification and feature selection for every classifier. First, we apply feature selection techniques to our dataset with each classifier to find out possible optimal parameters and In the next phase, we use classification to find the impact of possible optimal parameters and proved our findings. In each round of classification, we have used different parameters available in the dataset every time we include and exclude some parameters and noted the results of each run of classification with each classifier and in this way, we identify the optimal parameters and their impact on the results Whereas we also analyze the performance of classifiers. To perform this research study, we use the “credit card defaults” dataset which we obtained from UCI Machine learning online repository. We use two feature selection techniques that include ranker approach and evolutionary search method and after that, we also apply classification techniques on the dataset. This research can help to reduce the complexities of the credit scoring process. Through this study, we identify up to six optimal parameters and also find their impact on the performance of classifiers. Further We also identify that multilayer perceptron was the best performing classifier out of three. This research work can also be extended to other fields in the future where we use this mechanism to find out optimal parameters and their impact can help us to predict the results.
The Effect of Drinking Cold Water on Nausea and Vomiting among Patient with Post-Chemotherapy Breast Cancer
Authors: Juartika Wella 
Published: June 2022

Background: Nausea, vomiting after chemotherapy is still major problem that interferes with the process of treating cancer, especially breast cancer. There are 2 things that can be done to reduce nausea, vomiting, pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Drinking cold water is one of the non-pharmacological ways for patients who experience nausea, vomiting after chemotherapy. These actions can reduce acute nausea and vomiting delayed due to chemotherapy
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drinking cold water on nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients in RSUP M. Djamil Padang.
Methods: This research was a time series. Sampling by consecutive sampling and determination of intervention and control groups by randomization of simple subject allocations. The research sample consisted of 38 respondents, consisting of 19 respondents as an intervention group who were treated with cold drinking water for 3 days and 19 respondents as a control group
Results: Testing the difference in the decrease in the average score of nausea and vomiting in the intervention group using the repeated measure ANOVA test. The results showed an average decrease in the intervention group of < 0.001.
Conclusions: The conclusion significantly drinking cold water can reduce nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients in RSUP M. Djamil Padang. It is recommended that drinking cold water be applied as part of nursing intervention in providing nursing care to patients who experience nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy.
KINDS OF TRANSLATION USED IN TRANSLATING BUDI DOREMI’S SONG ENTITLED “MELUKIS SENJA” TRANSLATED BY EMMA HEESTERS
Authors: Sari Wati Purnama 
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to identify the kinds of translation used in translating Budi Doremi’s song entitled “Melukis Senja” translated by Emma Heesters. The method used in this research is a descriptive-qualitative method. In analyzing the data, the researcher used kinds of translation theory advocated by Larson. The research results indicated that there are 19 data found in the translation of Budi Doremi’s song entitled “Melukis Senja” translated by Emma Heesters. From 19 data, there are 3 kinds of translation used namely modified literal translation (7 data), idiomatic translation (2 data) and unduly free translation (10 data). The unduly free translation is mostly used in translating the song lyrics because the translator added information in the target language and changed the meaning of the source language to the target language in order to create specific reactions for the target language listeners.
Kvalitetsreformens konsekvenser - endringer i arkeologiundervisningen?
Authors: Nilsen Gørill 
Published: June 2022

The Bologna and the European Qualification Framework Process, a series of agreements between European countries aiming at securing comparability in standards and quality in higher education, have set their footprints on Norwegian higher education. As of 2012 all Norwegian universities and colleges have implemented the Norwegian qualifications framework (NKR). The NRK’s core is seven reference levels of qualification. Level 6, 7 and 8 correspond with the BA, MA and Ph.D. degrees, both in Norway and within the European Higher Education Area. To assess the implementation, NOKUT – the Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurances in Education – undertook a control evaluation of Master studies in historical-philosophical disciplines in 2012-2014. These processes constitutes the background for the investigation of the following questions: Does the NKR framework initiate changes in higher education? Are there other political processes strengthening the effect of the implementation of the NKR? Is there a need for a general debate about the character of archaeological education in Norway?
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars 
Published: June 2022

Selvmord er et tema som vi nok aldri vil kunne snakke like ubesværet om som andre menneskelige fenomener. Det skyldes først og fremst alle de vonde assosiasjonene som temaet vekker; mennesker vi kjente som tok sitt liv, mennesker som ble etterlatt og alle de vanskelige spørsmålene som vi alle blirsittende igjen med. Dette kommer vi ikke bort fra. Men vanskene med å snakke om det store samfunnsproblemet selvmord har flere årsaker – blant annet de mange mytene som knytter seg til selvmord. For eksempel myten om at det å spørre et annet menneske om han tenker på selvmord kan øke sannsynligheten for at han vil ta sitt eget liv. En myte uten faktagrunnlag. Et annet hinder for åpen kommunikasjon er stigmaene knyttet til det å være suicidal eller det å være i behov for hjelp i en krise. Slike stigma fører som regel til økt skamfølelse, noe som er et alvorlig hinder for at personer som trenger hjelp i en selvmordskrise vil søke hjelp. Men dersom vi klarer å redusere myter, skam og stigma vil trolig flere våge å snakke om selvmord, både for å gi hjelp og søke hjelp. Derfor er åpenhet viktig. Heldigvis har det skjedd mange positive endringer de senere år når det gjelder åpenhet om selvmord.Massemediene har her bidratt med mange gode saker som har åpnet temaet på en helt annen måte enn tidligere. Samtidig har mediene stort sett vært seg bevisst at ikke alle typer medieomtale av selvmord er av det gode sett i et selvmordsforebyggingsperspektiv. Vi har hatt en løpende debatt om hvordan finne den gode balansen mellom åpenhet og varsomhet i omtalen av selvmord i det offentlige rom.
Denne balansen er også viktig i tiden som kommer når det skal satses mer systematisk på folkeopplysning om selvmord og -forebygging i vårt land i regi av Regjeringens nye handlingsplan. I dette nummeret av Suicidologi bringer vi mye stoff som handler om disse temaene. Vi tror åpenhet på dette feltet er viktig; både for å sette selvmord som samfunnsproblem høyere opp på dagsordenen, men også for å nå fram til mennesker som trenger hjelp og som vi i dag ikke klarer å hjelpe.
God sommer!Lars Mehlumredaktør
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Terhadap Seks Pranikah dan Penularan Hiv/Aids pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah Angkatan 2020
Authors: Rosadi Arta Tri , Rahmadhoni Berri , Primawati Irma 
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan gejala dan infeksi atau sindrom yang timbul akibat rusaknya sistem imun pada manusia akibat infeksi virus HIV atau infeksi virus-virus lain yang dapat menurunkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Virus penyebab AIDS tersebut adalah Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV merupakan virus yang dapat memperlemah sistem imunitas manusia. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kategorik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah dengan 92 sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan mengikuti kriteria inklusi, menggunakan data primer dengan mengisi kuisioner dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Usia terbanyak adalah 19 Tahun dengan pengetahuan baik yaitu (29,3%). Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah perempuan dengan pengetahuan baik yaitu (34,8%), sedangkan jenis kelamin laki-laki juga memiliki pengetahuan baik yaitu (21,7%). Usia terbanyak adalah 19 tahun memiliki sikap positif atau tidak mendukung adanya seks pranikah yaitu (40,2%), dan juga pada usia 18 tahun memiliki sikap positif yaitu (16,3%), sedangkan pada usia 20 tahun memiliki sikap negatif yaitu (9,8%). Jenis kelamin laki-laki memiliki sikap negatif yaitu (18,5%), sedangkan pada perempuan memiliki sikap positif yaitu (52,5%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa yang pengetahuan kurang lebih banyak pada usia 19 tahun dibandingkan usia 18 dan 20 tahun, sikap negatif lebih banyak pada usia 18 tahun dibandingkan usia 19 dan 20 tahun, mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, dan sikap negatif lebih banyak pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.
AS DIMENSÕES DA EXISTÊNCIA NO PENSAMENTO DE SØREN KIERKEGARD E ALBERT CAMUS
Authors: Silva Tales Macêdo da , Oliveira Alberto Luiz Silva de 
Published: June 2022

Considerando as dimensões sobre a existência que se apresentam na história da filosofia, este artigo tem por objetiva compreender o que os filósofos Søren Kierkegaard e Albert Camus desenvolveu sobre as concepção do existir, perpassando pelos temas da estádios existenciais, em Kierkegaard, e a noção do absurdo, em Camus. Para tanto, torna-se interessante dialogar com algumas obras desses autores, explicitamente O conceito de angústia, O desespero humano e O mito de Sísifo, para assim perceber que há ecos kierkegaardianos no pensamento filosófico de Camus. Desse modo, observa-se que há semelhanças nas dessemelhanças entre a concepção de existência ou condição humana desses pensadores, isto é, há uma certa influência de Kierkegaard, porém com um certo de jogo de crítica ao pensador dinamarquês. Assim, permite concluir que há uma possível leitura feita do filósofo argelino, Albert Camus, aos escritos do dinamarquês, Søren Kierkegaard tanto para arcar ou criticar o pensamento do mesmo.
ALTEROCÍDIO E NECROPOLÍTICA
Authors: Teixeira Thiago , Luz Thaís 
Published: June 2022

: A partir das compreensões do filósofo camaronês Achille Mbembe, nós traçaremos um caminho de análise sobre a construção do inimigo como uma das prerrogativas centrais das políticas de extermínio. O alterocídio como a demarcação do outro como um dessemelhante radical opera, no intramundo das políticas de morte, uma designação da injúria e, por consequência, da neutralidade e do extermínio. O interesse pela morte, simbólica e objetiva, de sujeitos negros está diretamente ligada aos interesses bélicos do necropoder que transformam corpos, narrativas e sentidos de sujeitos negros, em alvos. A dessubjetivação de mulheres negras e homens negros, em sua pluralidade, indicam que o pacto entre os semelhantes, aporte político da modernidade, recusa a dessemelhança — indicativo de sujeitos negros reificados e submetidos à toda sorte de violência. A alteridade, enquanto princípio ético do reconhecimento, a partir das lógicas do necropoder, dá lugar aos interesses vis de uma política que apresenta a morte de sujeitos negros como uma regra intransponível. Estamos interessados e interessadas em perceber como a construção do negro enquanto inimigo radical serve às insígnias do necropoder.
DESPERTANDO ODIOS, PERPETUANDO OPRESIONES: La influencia de los medios de comunicación en la política criminal de las violencias de género
Authors: Sanz Fuentes Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Entre los asuntos abordados con frecuencia por los medios de comunicación destaca la criminalidad y, en concreto, las violencias de género. Estos seleccionan y deciden cómo se emite cada noticia, por lo que influyen en la opinión de la población. Esto puede ocasionar miedos, preocupaciones y diferentes demandas como modificaciones en la política criminal. El presente estudio realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre cómo el planteamiento de las noticias y la controversia respecto a las violencias contra las mujeres puede derivar en una política criminal simbólica y punitivista. Asimismo, ofrece un enfoque novedoso sobre cómo ello puede moldear una sociedad que desconfía del sistema y en la que se perpetúan las opresiones de las mujeres. La construcción de un marco teórico complejo permitirá que la criminología realice estudios empíricos más elaborados sobre el impacto de los medios en la política-criminal de las violencias de género. Además, posibilitará proponer medidas preventivas implicando a los medios, ya que podrían contener las claves para producir un cambio.