bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A248 THE ROLE OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN IN INDOLE AND KYNURENINE PRODUCTION AND IMMUNE MODULATION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Rueda G H , Causada-Calo N , Nardelli A , Pinto-Sanchez M I , Borojevic R , Libertucci J , Loonen L , Wells J , Sokol H , Verdu E , Bercik P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Natural supplements are widely consumed by the general public, with little evidence of mechanistic support. Tryptophan has gained central attention, being transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity and mood. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Tryptophan has been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, however the clinical data to support this are missing.

Aims
To investigate clinical, immune, and metabolic parameters in response to tryptophan supplementation, in healthy subjects on a low tryptophan diet.

Methods
We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 healthy volunteers (18 - 75 years old). Subjects were instructed to start a low tryptophan diet and then randomly assigned to a 3-week tryptophan supplementation (3g/day) or placebo, in enteric coated capsules. After a 2-week washout period, subjects crossed over to the opposite intervention arm. Questionnaires were used to assess bowel symptoms, anxiety, depression and stress levels (GSRS, HADS and DASS21, respectively). Stool, urine, blood and duodenal aspirates were collected to measure tryptophan metabolites and cytokines.

Results
Tryptophan supplementation had no changes in gastrointestinal symptoms or behavioral parameters. Compared with placebo, tryptophan increased urinary and plasma levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/kynurenine (p= 0.002 and p= 0.02, respectively) and indoles (p= 0.001 and p= 0.01, respectively), suggestive of activation of host and microbial metabolic pathways. Urinary and plasma metabolites were higher than in feces (p=&lt;0.05), suggesting their active absorption in the small intestine. There were no differences in AhR activity in duodenal aspirates or in stool. Although no changes in the cytokine production were detected, serum kynurenine pathway metabolites negatively correlated with IL-8 levels (R=-0.72; p=0.001). Fecal tryptophan metabolites levels positively correlated with anxiety and depression scores, suggesting that the microbial metabolism of dietary tryptophan in the colon impacts host behavior.

Conclusions
Tryptophan supplementation in healthy individuals was safe and had a measurable influence on microbial and host metabolism, mainly kynurenine and indole pathways, with known immunomodulatory properties. Tryptophan was metabolized and absorbed in the small intestine, reflected by the high metabolite levels in plasma and urine. Fecal metabolites correlating with clinical parameters reflect subjects’ long-term diet. Further studies are warranted to study tryptophan supplementation in disorders with altered AhR pathways.

Funding Agencies
CIHR
A250 NUTRISUP-PPN; PILOT RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL OF ORAL AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN MALNOURISHED HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Authors: Rahman A , Mrkobrada M , Patel A , Chakroborty A , Stephanie H , Armstrong D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Hospitalized malnourished patients experience poor outcomes. Despite this, health care practitioners are poor in identifying, monitoring and treating hospital malnutrition.

Aims
Our study determined the feasibility of a novel nutrition care pathway which both rapidly identifies and treats malnourished medical inpatients accounting for the obstacles for nutritional optimization by utilizing both peripheral parental nutrition (PPN) followed by oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on a composite outcome of 30 day readmission, mortality and continued admission, as well other important clinical and nutritional outcomes. The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02632630

Methods
NutriSUP-PPN was a 2x2 factorial pilot randomized trial. In two large Canadian hospitals, we recruited 100 adult patients &gt; 18 years, &lt; 48 hours from admission to a general medicine ward who were moderately or severely malnourished. Patients received: 1. PPN for 5 days and then enhanced ONS until 30 days post randomization; 2. PPN for 5 days and then standard ONS until 30 days; 3. Standard care for intravenous (IV) fluid administration for 5 days and then enhanced ONS until 30 days; 4. Standard care for IV fluid administration for 5 days and standard ONS until 30 days.

Results
There was no significant differences between a composite outcome of 30 day readmission, continued admission or mortality between any interventional group and control. We did however note a trend in the PPN + ONS arm where only 4/22 patients versus 10/24 patients (p=0.16) in the control (no PPN, no enhanced ONS) experienced an adverse outcome which was largely driven by a reduction of readmission in the ONS + PPN arm We demonstrated feasibility in recruitment, adherence to protocol, and safety. The incidence of sepsis was greater in the PPN arm compared to control (15.5% versus 4.2%) but was not statistically significant. Improvement in nutritional status for interventional arms were not significant compared to control. However, there was a trend of improvement in preventing decline of nutritional status in both the enhanced ONS arm and PPN + enhanced ONS arm.

Conclusions
There are signals in our data, which suggest that the combination of PPN with ONS may improve both clinical and nutritional outcomes compared to PPN or ONS alone. We posit that a large, multi-center, definitive randomized control trial is now justified to determine if PPN for up to 5 days along with 30 days of ONS, versus standard of care, will improve a composite outcome of death, continued admission, and readmission at 30 days.

Funding Agencies
CAGAMOSO
Chemical Ecology of Oviposition Dynamics inDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Littler Aerianna , Pandey Pritika , O’Dell Kenneth L , Syed Zainulabeuddin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMassive economic damage by spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, results from their unique egg laying behavior wherein a gravid fly pierces a ripening fruit to lay a number of eggs. Gravid SWD flies employ a complex suite of behaviors to find a fruit with the optimum firmness and chemistry. We investigated chemosensory cues potentially contributing to the oviposition behavior of SWD. In a series of experiments, we studied how the fruit ripeness and the underlying volatile chemistry influence oviposition. We tested the comparative attraction of three common fruits implicated in oviposition and determined raspberries to be most attractive in the trap choice assays that strictly measured olfactory preference. Since SWD oviposit in ripening fruits and appear to avoid the overripe fruit, we further evaluated the effect of ripeness on gravid fly attraction. Overripe fruits were significantly more attractive compared to the ripe fruits. The trap choice assays were repeated in an olfactory T-maze paradigm that provided a complex odor environment, potentially experienced by the gravid flies, and the results were mostly comparable. Since our behavioral paradigms indicated a clear olfactory preference for specific ripeness stages (ripe and overripe), we analyzed the constituent volatile odorants from the three ripening stages, revealing discrete odor profiles. Finally, we quantified the total soluble sugars and carbon dioxide concentrations from field-collected raspberries in underripe, ripe, and overripe conditions, revealing that the overripe stage is the most sugar-rich. Together, our results indicate unique chemosensory adaptations in gravid SWD flies for successfully exploiting optimal oviposition resources.
Upper gastrointestinal tumors are unrelated to the APC genotype in APC-associated polyposis
Authors: Takao Akinari , Koizumi Koichi , Takao Misato , Inokuchi Takuhiko , Iijima Takeru , Kojika Ekumi , Urushibara Makiko , Horiguchi Shin-ichiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
In patients with APC-associated polyposis, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tumors and the relationship between these and Helicobacter pylori infection have not been clarified in detail. The present study aimed to clarify the features of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with APC-associated polyposis.

Methods
Consecutive patients with APC-associated polyposis who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2004 and 2018 were recruited.

Results
In total, 36 patients were enrolled. The types of gastrointestinal tumor observed were fundic gland polyposis in 28 patients (77.8%), gastric adenoma in 15 patients (41.7%), duodenal adenoma in 27 patients (75.0%) and periampullary adenoma in 20 patients (55.6%). The phenotype of these upper gastrointestinal tumors was not necessarily the same in patients belonging to the same family. Germline variants in the APC gene were distributed across various sites, regardless of the presence or absence of upper gastrointestinal lesions, and none of the tumors correlated with the genotype or phenotype of upper gastrointestinal tumors. Fundic gland polyposis was observed in 28 of 31 patients without a H. pylori infection and in none of the patients with a H. pylori infection (P = 0.00015). After eradication therapy for H. pylori, fundic gland polyposis developed in one, previously infected patient.

Conclusion
The upper gastrointestinal tumor phenotype was not associated with the genotype in patients with APC-associated polyposis. Ascertaining the H. pylori infection status is helpful for endoscopic surveillance of upper gastrointestinal tumors in patients with APC-associated polyposis.
Seasonality and Biting Behavior ofMansonia(Diptera, Culicidae) in Rural Settlements Near Porto Velho, State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Galardo Allan Kardec R , Hijjar Andréa V , Falcão Liliane Leite O , Carvalho Dario P , Ribeiro Kaio Augusto N , Silveira Guilherme A , Neto Noel Fernandes S , Saraiva José F 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMansonia (Diptera: Culicidae) are known to cause discomfort to the local populations of Amazon. Considering the fact that the effective control of these mosquitoes can only be obtained by understanding their ecology and behavior, entomological monitoring becomes essential. In view of this, mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia were collected by human landing catches (HLC) from 2015 to 2019, in four locations of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. The collections were performed inside and outside the homes, once in every four months, uninterrupted for 24 hr. Human bite indices/hour was used to analyze the hourly activity of the species for different seasons and environment (indoor and outdoor). Moreover, nonparametric Mann–Whitney tests were conducted to indicate if there were differences between exophagic and endophagic behavior. The seasonality of Mansonia species was also analyzed. Overall, 96,766 specimens were collected over five years of sampling. Mansonia titillans (Walker) was found to be the most abundant species (76.9%). The highest percentage of mosquitoes was collected in February (48.4%), followed by October (39.6%) and June (12.0%). The biting activity of the two most abundant species showed peak host seeking activity/behavior during twilight and night, more perceptible in the outdoor environment (peridomiciliary). In general, seasonality showed a tendency towards a reduction in the abundance of Mansonia in the years after 2015. Our results will be essential in the formulation of effective control methodology for Mansonia in the studied area.
Tubastatin A suppresses the proliferation of fibroblasts in epidural fibrosis through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Ruihong , Han Huimin , Li Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to explore the effect of tubastatin A (Tub A) on epidural fibrosis and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-overexpressed fibroblasts were constructed, and the effect of Tub A on the proliferation of activated fibroblasts was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and cell cycle assay. Besides, 20 Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to animal laminectomy model construction and then randomly treated with 4% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (diluted in 0.9% saline) or Tub A (10 mg/kg/day), separately. The expression of HDAC6 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway-related proteins was measured in epidural fibrosis tissues.

Key findings
HDAC6 was overexpressed in activated fibroblasts and epidural scar tissues of rat models. Cell proliferation was remarkably elevated in HDAC6-overexpressed fibroblasts, which was reflected by cell viability, EdU and flow cytometry-based cell cycle assay, and paralleled with the increased expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT and mTOR, which was remarkably reversed following Tub A treatment. 740Y-P activator addition significantly reversed the declined fibroblast proliferation induced by Tub A. The expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins were also reduced in epidural tissues in rat models with Tub A treatment.

Conclusion
Tub A could prevent epidural fibrosis formation by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation through mediating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Plant responses to climate change: metabolic changes under combined abiotic stresses
Authors: Zandalinas Sara I , Balfagón Damián , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Mittler Ron 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of abiotic stress combinations that negatively impact plants and pose a serious threat to crop yield and food supply. Plants respond to episodes of stress combination by activating specific physiological and molecular responses, as well as by adjusting different metabolic pathways, to mitigate the negative effects of the stress combination on plant growth, development, and reproduction. Plants synthesize a wide range of metabolites that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to stress. Although metabolic responses to individual abiotic stresses have been studied extensively in different plant species, recent efforts have been directed at understanding metabolic responses that occur when different abiotic factors are combined. In this review we examine recent studies of metabolomic changes under stress combination in different plants and suggest new avenues for the development of stress combination-resilient crops based on metabolites as breeding targets.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Data Release 4 and the z &lt; 0.1 total and z &lt; 0.08 morphological galaxy stellar mass functions
Authors: Driver Simon P , Bellstedt Sabine , Robotham Aaron S G , Baldry Ivan K , Davies Luke J , Liske Jochen , Obreschkow Danail , Taylor Edward N , Wright Angus H , Alpaslan Mehmet , Bamford Steven P , Bauer Amanda E , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bilicki Maciej , Bravo Matías , Brough Sarah , Casura Sarah , Cluver Michelle E , Colless Matthew , Conselice Christopher J , Croom Scott M , de Jong Jelte , D’Eugenio Franceso , De Propris Roberto , Dogruel Burak , Drinkwater Michael J , Dvornik Andrej , Farrow Daniel J , Frenk Carlos S , Giblin Benjamin , Graham Alister W , Grootes Meiert W , Gunawardhana Madusha L P , Hashemizadeh Abdolhosein , Häußler Boris , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Holwerda Benne W , Hopkins Andrew M , Jarrett Tom H , Heath Jones D , Kelvin Lee S , Koushan Soheil , Kuijken Konrad , Lara-López Maritza A , Lange Rebecca , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Loveday Jon , Mahajan Smriti , Meyer Martin , Moffett Amanda J , Napolitano Nicola R , Norberg Peder , Owers Matt S , Radovich Mario , Raouf Mojtaba , Peacock John A , Phillipps Steven , Pimbblet Kevin A , Popescu Cristina , Said Khaled , Sansom Anne E , Seibert Mark , Sutherland Will J , Thorne Jessica E , Tuffs Richard J , Turner Ryan , van der Wel Arjen , van Kampen Eelco , Wilkins Steve M 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In Galaxy And Mass Assembly Data Release 4 (GAMA DR4), we make available our full spectroscopic redshift sample. This includes 248 682 galaxy spectra, and, in combination with earlier surveys, results in 330 542 redshifts across five sky regions covering ∼250 deg2. The redshift density, is the highest available over such a sustained area, has exceptionally high completeness (95 per cent to rKiDS = 19.65 mag), and is well-suited for the study of galaxy mergers, galaxy groups, and the low redshift (z &lt; 0.25) galaxy population. DR4 includes 32 value-added tables or Data Management Units (DMUs) that provide a number of measured and derived data products including GALEX, ESO KiDS, ESO VIKING, WISE, and HerschelSpace Observatory imaging. Within this release, we provide visual morphologies for 15 330 galaxies to z &lt; 0.08, photometric redshift estimates for all 18 million objects to rKiDS ∼ 25 mag, and stellar velocity dispersions for 111 830 galaxies. We conclude by deriving the total galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) and its sub-division by morphological class (elliptical, compact-bulge and disc, diffuse-bulge and disc, and disc only). This extends our previous measurement of the total GSMF down to 106.75 M$_{\odot } \, h_{70}^{-2}$ and we find a total stellar mass density of ρ* = (2.97 ± 0.04) × 108 M$_{\odot } \, h_{70}$ Mpc−3 or $\Omega _*=(2.17 \pm 0.03) \times 10^{-3} \, h_{70}^{-1}$. We conclude that at z &lt; 0.1, the Universe has converted 4.9 ± 0.1 per cent of the baryonic mass implied by big bang Nucleosynthesis into stars that are gravitationally bound within the galaxy population.
Symplectic coarse graining approach to the dynamics of spherical self-gravitating systems
Authors: Barbieri Luca , Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Giachetti Guido , Simon-Petit Alicia , Casetti Lapo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the evolution of the phase–space distribution function around slightly perturbed stationary states and the process of violent relaxation in the context of the dissipationless collapse of an isolated spherical self-gravitating system. By means of the recently introduced symplectic coarse graining technique, we obtain an effective evolution equation that allows us to compute the scaling of the frequencies around a stationary state, as well as the damping times of Fourier modes of the distribution function, with the magnitude of the Fourier k −vectors themselves. We compare our analytical results with N-body simulations.
Quantifying radial migration in the Milky Way: inefficient over short time-scales but essential to the very outer disc beyond ∼15 kpc
Authors: Lian Jianhui , Zasowski Gail , Hasselquist Sten , Holtzman Jon A , Boardman Nicholas , Cunha Katia , Fernández-Trincado José G , Frinchaboy Peter M , Garcia-Hernandez D A , Nitschelm Christian , Lane Richard R , Thomas Daniel , Zhang Kai 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Stellar radial migration plays an important role in reshaping a galaxy’s structure and the radial distribution of stellar population properties. In this work, we revisit reported observational evidence for radial migration and quantify its strength using the age–[Fe/H] distribution of stars across the Milky Way with APOGEE data. We find a broken age–[Fe/H] relation in the Galactic disc at r &gt; 6 kpc, with a more pronounced break at larger radii. To quantify the strength of radial migration, we assume stars born at each radius have a unique age and metallicity, and then decompose the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of mono-age young populations into different Gaussian components that originated from various birth radii at rbirth &lt; 13 kpc. We find that, at ages of 2 and 3 Gyr, roughly half the stars were formed within 1 kpc of their present radius, and very few stars (&lt;5 per cent) were formed more than 4 kpc away from their present radius. These results suggest limited short-distance radial migration and inefficient long-distance migration in the Milky Way during the last 3 Gyr. In the very outer disc beyond 15 kpc, the observed age–[Fe/H] distribution is consistent with the prediction of pure radial migration from smaller radii, suggesting a migration origin of the very outer disc. We also estimate intrinsic metallicity gradients at ages of 2 and 3 Gyr of −0.061 and −0.063 dex kpc−1, respectively.
Comparing different approaches for stellar intensity interferometry
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Zmija Andreas , Richter Stefan , Vogel Naomi , Malyshev Dmitry , Zink Adrian , Michel Thilo , Anton Gisela , von Zanthier Joachim , Funk Stefan 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTStellar intensity interferometers correlate photons within their coherence time and could overcome the baseline limitations of existing amplitude interferometers. Intensity interferometers do not rely on phase coherence of the optical elements and thus function without high-grade optics and light combining delay lines. However, the coherence time of starlight observed with realistic optical filter bandwidths ($\gt {0.1}\, {\rm nm}$) is usually much smaller than the time resolution of the detection system ($\gt {10}\, {\rm ps}$), resulting in a greatly reduced correlation signal. Reaching high signal-to-noise ratio in a reasonably short measurement time can be achieved in different ways: either by increasing the time resolution, which increases the correlation signal height, or by increasing the photon rate, which decreases statistical uncertainties of the measurement. We present laboratory measurements employing both approaches and directly compare them in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. A high-time-resolution interferometry setup designed for small-to-intermediate-sized optical telescopes and thus lower photon rates (diameters $\lt \,$some metres) is compared to a setup capable of measuring high photon rates, which is planned to be installed at Cherenkov telescopes with dish diameters of $\gt {10}\, {\rm m}$. We use a xenon lamp as a common light source simulating starlight. Both setups measure the expected correlation signal and work at the expected shot-noise limit of statistical uncertainties for measurement times between 10 min and 23 h. We discuss the quantitative differences in the measurement results and give an overview of suitable operation regimes for each of the interferometer concepts.