bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Lipidomics in Human Plasma: Cardiometabolic Disease Risk and Effect of Dietary Fat Modulation
Authors: Eichelmann Fabian , Sellem Laury , Wittenbecher Clemens , Jäger Susanne , Kuxhaus Olga , Prada Marcela , Cuadrat Rafael , Jackson Kim G. , Lovegrove Julie A. , Schulze Matthias B. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In blood and tissues, dietary and endogenously generated fatty acids (FAs) occur in free form or as part of complex lipid molecules that collectively represent the lipidome of the respective tissue. We assessed associations of plasma lipids derived from high-resolution lipidomics with incident cardiometabolic diseases and subsequently tested if the identified risk-associated lipids were sensitive to dietary fat modification.

Methods:
The EPIC Potsdam cohort study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) comprises 27 548 participants recruited within an age range of 35 to 65 years from the general population around Potsdam, Germany. We generated 2 disease-specific case cohorts on the basis of a fixed random subsample (n=1262) and all respective cohort-wide identified incident primary cardiovascular disease (composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke; n=551) and type 2 diabetes (n=775) cases. We estimated the associations of baseline plasma concentrations of 282 class-specific FA abundances (calculated from 940 distinct molecular species across 15 lipid classes) with the outcomes in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. We tested the effect of an isoenergetic dietary fat modification on risk-associated lipids in the DIVAS randomized controlled trial (Dietary Intervention and Vascular Function; n=113). Participants consumed either a diet rich in saturated FAs (control), monounsaturated FAs, or a mixture of monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs for 16 weeks.

Results:
Sixty-nine lipids associated (false discovery rate<0.05) with at least 1 outcome (both, 8; only cardiovascular disease, 49; only type 2 diabetes, 12). In brief, several monoacylglycerols and FA16:0 and FA18:0 in diacylglycerols were associated with both outcomes; cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, and sphingolipids were largely cardiovascular disease specific; and several (glycero)phospholipids were type 2 diabetes specific. In addition, 19 risk-associated lipids were affected (false discovery rate<0.05) by the diets rich in unsaturated dietary FAs compared with the saturated fat diet (17 in a direction consistent with a potential beneficial effect on long-term cardiometabolic risk). For example, the monounsaturated FA-rich diet decreased diacylglycerol(FA16:0) by 0.4 (95% CI, 0.5–0.3) SD units and increased triacylglycerol(FA22:1) by 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4–0.7) SD units.

Conclusions:
We identified several lipids associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. A subset was beneficially altered by a dietary fat intervention that supports the substitution of dietary saturated FAs with unsaturated FAs as a potential tool for primary disease prevention.
Role of Abdominal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pregnant Women Presenting With Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Marquez Alexa , Wasfie Tarik , Korbitz Holland , Wong Victor , Pearson Eric , Holsinger Hunter , Hella Jennifer , Barber Kimberly 
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Abdominal pain during pregnancy is quite common; however, surgical pathology such as acute appendicitis as a cause of such pain is not. Diagnostic tests used in addition to history and physical examination (PE) are ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We elected to find the role of these tests in pregnant patients who presented to our emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 136 pregnant women with acute abdominal pain presented to the emergency department (ED). We reviewed PE, US, MRI, gestational age, comorbid conditions, and length of stay. Statistical analysis was done using student’s t-test and chi-square test. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Results: Mean age was 26 (±4.6) and the mean gestational age was 24 (±9.9) weeks. Of those patients, there were 81 patients who had an US and MRI performed. The US was positive in 16 patients, while the MRI was positive in 25 patients. Three patients went for appendectomy. The US sensitivity was 0% and specificity 79%. Positive predictive value for US was 0% and negative predictive value was 95%, which was less than 100%. The MRI likelihood ratios were calculated for each test’s clinical application and demonstrated that the US test result was indeterminate for ruling in and for ruling out appendicitis while the MRI allowed for high ability to rule out the disease. Conclusion: In pregnant women with acute abdominal pain and a positive PE highly suggestive of surgical pathology, US had limited value and patients should proceed to MRI.
The Forces of Ecosystem Evolution
Authors: Holgersson Marcus , Baldwin Carliss Y. , Chesbrough Henry , Bogers Marcel L. A. M. 
Published: April 2022

Summary Ecosystems are the result of a delicate balance between centripetal forces that push economic activities toward integration, and centrifugal forces that pull economic activities out onto the market. Ecosystems evolve when these forces change. For example, technological complementarities—the main source of centripetal force—are dynamic and may be commoditized, generalized, or standardized over time. Management and coordination also change: for example, open innovation practices enable firms to move innovation activities from the in-house R&D lab out into the ecosystem. This article discusses how such dynamics in technologies and management lead to ecosystem evolution.
Human papillomavirus vaccine communication materials for young people in English-speaking countries: A content analysis
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Chantler Tracey , Mounier-Jack Sandra , Audrey Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To undertake a content analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine communication materials available to young people. Design: Content analysis. Setting: Majority English-speaking countries. Methods: Between March and April 2020, a web engine was utilised to search for and retrieve relevant communication materials. Content analysis was used to describe how the following key issues were covered: (1) side effects, (2) safety, (3) practicalities related to receiving the HPV vaccine and (4) gender-specific information. Results: A total of 44 separate communication materials were retrieved, predominantly videos, webpages and leaflets. There was a focus on mild side effects of the vaccine (43.2%), with less frequent reference being made to moderate or serious side effects (22.7%). Reassurance concerning the safety profile of vaccine was communicated by referencing the widespread use of the HPV vaccine (31.8%). Information regarding formal criteria for entry into the vaccination programme emphasised country-specific eligibility criteria (59.1%), the setting in which vaccination was offered (38.6%) and the number of doses required (38.6%). Content intended to improve young people’s experiences of receiving the HPV vaccine was less often provided (22.7%). Gender-specific content usually related to specific HPV-related diseases (52.3%) and/or the availability of cervical cancer screening programmes (52.3%). Conclusion: A variety of different communication tools were retrieved encompassing a wide variety of formats and content, reflective of different vaccination programmes and the varied priorities of organisations producing the materials. Findings will inform the co-production of a tailored educational package to improve access to information by populations of young people identified as having lower HPV vaccine uptake.
Students’ experience of a college wellness course
Authors: Ward Alisa , Stedge Hannah , Tischler Dana 
Published: April 2022

Background: Studies show that lifetime wellness courses improve physical self-efficacy, which in turn increases wellness behaviour, specifically an increase in physical activity (PA). Because of this and other factors influencing overall health, it is important to understand the potential impact of health and wellness courses. The literature includes quantitative studies on activities for health promotion, reviews of pedagogical methods for teaching about health and wellness, and on the perceptions of health and wellness courses. Qualitative enquiry allows for a better understanding of general education (GE) health and wellness courses, as well as students’ experience. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify perceptions of students taking a college health and wellness course. Methods: College students who had completed a GE health and wellness course (autumn 2019) 6 months prior to the beginning of this study participated. Following a pilot study with 3 participants, 12 students from 3 different classes participated. Four individual interviews, 1 focus group with 5 students, and 1 focus group with 3 students took place over Zoom teleconferencing. Data were analysed using an interpretive thematic analytical approach aided by NVivo. Results: Five themes were developed from the data, regarding perceptions of the college health and wellness course and its impact on lifestyle choices: (1) improvement in health literacy, (2) healthier mindset and perspectives, (3) healthy relationships, (4) positive lifestyle changes, and (5) strength in numbers. Students experienced mentality shifts and improved their engagement with exercise and food. These improvements in overall well-being led towards actionable changes as many students noted that they reached out to friends and family members for inspiration and accountability. Discussion: Findings demonstrate the importance of a GE health and wellness course on overall health and well-being from a qualitative perspective. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding of students’ perceptions of health and wellness learned through foundational courses may improve future content delivery and quality. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the perceptions and experiences of students who completed a health and wellness course, showing that their knowledge and actions towards health and wellness improved as a result of the course.
Discrimination and social stigma against people with mental illnesses in Argentina
Authors: Mitelman Mijal , Chirazi Abigail , Schmollgruber Amber , Leiderman Eduardo A 
Published: April 2022

Background: Individuals with mental and neurological illnesses face stigma and discrimination every day. There are only a few studies regarding the degree of discrimination in the comparison between the illnesses, and no recent research has been found in Argentina about this topic. Aims: The aim of this research is to study and compare stigma and discrimination toward people with mental illnesses (schizophrenia, substance use disorder, and bipolar disorder) and with neurological disorders (epilepsy) in Argentina, while analyzing the social distance toward them. The level of responsibility attributed to individuals with these disorders were also assessed and compared. Method: Individuals from Buenos Aires, Argentina, were surveyed in order to measure the social distance given to people with mental illnesses and a neurological disease. For that purpose a modified version of the Bogardus scale was used, with a sample of 500 individuals contacted online in January 2021. Results: Social distance toward people with mental illnesses was higher than those with a neurological disorder (epilepsy). A significant difference was found in the level of responsibility attributed to people with substance use disorder in comparison to the other illnesses. On the contrary, there were no significant differences of discrimination according to age or sex. Finally, the research outcomes showed that people with substance use disorder are the most discriminated against and stigmatized. Conclusion: A significant level of discrimination was found against individuals with mental disorders and, specially, toward people with substance use disorder. Moreover, they are perceived as responsible for their disorder. For this reason, anti-stigma campaigns should be directed to end the misconceptions toward the most discriminated groups. More support is needed to counteract the stigmatization and exclusion of individuals with mental and neurological disorders in our society.
Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies
Authors: Zhong Ying , Ma Huan , Liang Yu-Fen , Liao Chang-Ju , Zhang Cui-Cui , Jiang Wen-Jing 
Published: April 2022

Background: High prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students may contribute to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, and explore the influencing factors and related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE were searched for relevant literature from the inception to September 10, 2021. Using Stata software 11.0, the meta-analysis of prevalence and the influencing factors of smartphone addiction were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Nineteen articles, published between 2014 and 2019, were included, producing medical student studies from seven different Asian countries. The included studies were conducted in India ( n = 11) and Malaysia ( n = 3), with China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Nepal, and Iran each contributing one study. Among a total of 5,497 medical students, the participants included 3,214 females, of whom 2,181 were medical students with smartphone addiction. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students was 41.93% (95% CI [36.24%, 47.72%]). The influencing factors of smartphone addiction among medical students included gender, duration of smartphone use, smartphone function, and marital status. Ten studies (52.63%) explored related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction was positively correlated with poor sleep quality ( r = .17–.31), stress ( r = .30–.40), anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and general health among Asian medical students. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is highly prevalent among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction may adversely affect mental health, resulting in sleep disturbance, stress, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. It is necessary to take appropriate precautionary actions and interventions to prevent smartphone overuse among medical students.
Physical Exercise Affects Quality of Life and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Failure Submitted to Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pereira Ana Beatriz Nunes , Santana Larissa Lopes , Rocha Letícia De Barros , Cunha Katiane Da Costa , Rocha Larissa Salgado De Oliveira , Santos Marcio Clementino De Souza , Normando Valéria Marques Ferreira , Torres Daniel Da Costa , Rocha Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa 
Published: April 2022

Performing physical exercise during hemodialysis has been debated regarding safety and efficacy for improving life quality for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, we explored the influence of physical exercise during hemodialysis on both autonomic modulation of heart rate and quality of life for patients with CKF in a randomized clinical trial. We randomly allocated participants requiring hemodialysis to an experimental exercise group (EG) and a control no-exercise group (CG) and assessed their quality of life with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form—KDQOL-SF™ 1.3 and with Polar RS800CX to monitor their heart rate variability (HRV) before and three months after the end of the exercise intervention. EG participants reported a significant increase in their quality of life ( p = .05, physical function, physical aspects, pain, emotional well-being, emotional function; p = .03, energy and fatigue) and showed HRV improvement ( p = .05, RMSSD, SDNN, and SD2; p = .004, SD1) after three months of exercise. Thus, we recommend supervised physical exercise during hemodialysis for carefully selected patients.
Transitions to Family Caregiving and Latent Variables of Systemic Inflammation Over Time
Authors: Roth David L. , Bentley John P. , Mukaz Debora Kamin , Haley William E. , Walston Jeremy D. , Bandeen-Roche Karen 
Published: April 2022

Circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers may be influenced by chronic psychological stressors such as those experienced by family caregivers. However, previous studies have found mostly small and inconsistent differences between caregivers and control samples on individual measures of systemic inflammation. Latent variables of inflammation were extracted from six biomarkers collected from two blood samples over 9 years apart for 502 participants in a national cohort study. One-half of these participants transitioned into a sustained family caregiving role between the blood samples. Two latent factors, termed “up-regulation” and “inhibitory feedback,” were identified, and the transition to family caregiving was associated with a lower increase over time on the inhibitory feedback factor indexed by interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10. No caregiving effect was found on the up-regulation factor indexed primarily by IL-6 and C-reactive protein. These findings illustrate the advantages of using latent variable models to study inflammation in response to caregiving stress.
A Combinatorial Optimization Framework for Scoring Students in University Admissions
Authors: Shao Lucy , Levine Richard A. , Hyman Stefan , Stronach Jeanne , Fan Juanjuan 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives Selecting applications for college admission is critical for university operation and development. This paper leverages machine learning techniques to support enrollment management teams through data-informed decision-making in this otherwise laborious admissions processing. Research Design and Measures Two aspects of university admissions are considered. An ensemble learning approach, through the SuperLearner algorithm, is used to predict student show (yield) rate. The goal is to improve prediction accuracy to minimize over- or under-enrollment. A combinatorial optimization framework is proposed to weigh academic performance and experiential factors for ranking and selecting students for admission. This framework uses simulated annealing, and an efficacy study is presented to evaluate performance. Results The proposed framework is illustrated for selecting an incoming class by optimizing predicted graduation rate and by developing an eligibility index. Each example presents a selection process under potential academic performance and experiential factor targets a university may place on an admitted class. R code is provided for higher education researchers and practitioners to apply the proposed methods in their own settings.
Five-year outcome of non-shunting and primary closure technique during carotid endarterectomy: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Baram Aram , Mohammed Zana A. , Al-Bajalan Sarwer Jamal , Falah Fitoon 
Published: April 2022

Objective The long-term outcomes of primary carotid artery closure after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have not been sufficiently studied. This prospective study was performed to analyze the 5-year outcomes of the non-shunting and primary arterial repair technique for CEA. Methods This study involved 150 patients who underwent CEA with the primary arterial closure technique without arterial shunting and completed 5 years of follow-up. Results The patients comprised 107 men and 43 women. The 30-day postoperative course was uneventful in 147 (98.0%) patients; however, cerebrovascular accidents occurred in 3 (2.0%) patients. With respect to the long-term results, most cases of restenosis at 5 years were <50%. Two patients developed asymptomatic total internal carotid artery occlusion. Eleven deaths occurred (mortality rate of 7.3%); one death (0.7%) occurred in the first 30 days. Conclusion Primary arteriotomy closure provides very good long-term patency. Routine use of patch closure is unnecessary.
Supine PCNL in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Kasim Atar , Pal Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Aims and objectives: Standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has routinely been performed in prone position in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with nephrolithiasis. The objectives of our present study is to ensure optimum access to the renal collecting system, reducing operative time, and anesthetic morbidity during supine PCNL in ADPKD with nephrolithiasis. Methods: Seven patients were selected randomly. There were no preference for age, gender, size, location and laterality of stone, or BMI . All the patients fit into the AUA guideline criteria for management by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Preoperative, perioperative, and follow up data were collected prospectively. Results: Seven patients underwent supine PCNL in approximately 2.5 year in modified supine position. There was no intraoperative, post operative, or on follow up complications in any patient. In all the patients stones were cleared completely in single sitting. Conclusions: Supine PCNL in ADPKD with nephrolithiasis is an alternative with similar outcomes to the standard prone PCNL. It provides an additional benefit of performing the procedure in a single position, which is known to reduce total operating time, less anesthesia related complications, less neuromusculoskeletal injury, and reduce physical strain on operating
Altitude and Quality of Life of Older People in Colombia: A Multilevel Study
Authors: Pinzón-Rondón Angela Maria , Botero Juan Carlos , Mosquera-Gómez Luis Eduardo , Botero-Pinzon Maria , Cavelier Jorge Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

Objective To assess the association between municipality altitude and quality of life (QOL) of older people in Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study with data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey Older Adult Questionnaire 2015 ( N = 13,970). QOL was measured in six domains: physical health, psychological health, functional status, social relations, medical history and economic status. Regression analyses were carried out adjusting by individual and contextual level variables. Results Low altitude was associated with better QOL: physical health (OR = 1.92, 95%CI 1.47−2.52), psychological health (OR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.26−2.00), functional status (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.45−2.23), social relations (OR = 2.16 95%CI 1.73−2.70), and medical history (OR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.37−1.81). Economic status was not associated with altitude. Discussion Living at high altitude was associated with lower QOL for Colombian older adults. This finding encourages further study of high altitude and health outcomes among older adults in Colombia and other countries with populations living at high altitudes.