bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of signal‐to‐noise ratio, glaucoma stage and segmentation algorithm on OCT usability for quantifying layer thicknesses in the peripapillary retina
Authors: Heikka Tuomas , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeOCT can be used for glaucoma assessment, but its usefulness may depend on image quality, disease stage and segmentation algorithm. We aimed to determine how layer thicknesses as assessed with different algorithms depend on image quality and disease stage, how reproducible the algorithms are, and if the algorithms (dis)agree.MethodsOptic disc OCT data (Canon OCT‐HS100) from 20 healthy subjects and 28 early, 29 moderate, and 23 severe glaucoma patients were assessed with four different algorithms (CANON, IOWA, FWHM, DOCTRAP). We measured retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and total retinal thickness (TRT) along the 1.7‐mm‐radius OCT measurement circle centred at the optic disc. In healthy subjects, image quality was degraded with neutral density filters (0.3–0.9 optical density [OD]); three scans were made to assess repeatability. Results were analysed with ANOVA with Bonferroni corrected t‐tests for post hoc analysis and with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis.ResultsFor all algorithms, RNFLT was more sensitive to image quality than TRT. Both RNFLT and TRT showed differences between healthy and glaucoma (all algorithms p < 0.001 for both RNFLT and TRT) and between early and moderate glaucoma (RNFLT: p = 0.001 to p = 0.09; TRT: p < 0.001 to p = 0.03); neither was able to discriminate between moderate and severe glaucoma (p = 0.08 to p = 1.0). Generally, repeatability was excellent (ICC >0.75); agreement between algorithms varied from moderate to excellent.ConclusionsOCT becomes less informative with glaucoma progression, irrespective of the algorithm. For good‐quality scans, RNFLT and TRT perform similarly; TRT may be advantageous with poor image quality.
Clinical outcomes of retention of the buccal root section combined with immediate implant placement: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Nguyen Thomas T. , Siormpas Konstantinos , Pikos Michael A. , Pohl Snjezana , Tarnow Dennis , Mitsias Miltiadis ,   Root Membrane Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionImmediate implant placement in conjunction with partial extraction therapy has been shown to result in functional osseo‐ and dento‐integration with partial preservation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in humans. Strategic buccal root retention for PDL preservation is a biologically driven procedure that maintains alveolar ridge dimensions and esthetics, while allowing for implant placement. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of longitudinal clinical outcomes of PDL‐mediated ridge preservation in conjunction with implant placement in adults, compared with conventional immediate implant placement with total extractions. The primary outcome for this study was marginal bone level (MBL) changes after strategic buccal root retention implant placement techniques.Materials and MethodsTo address a predefined PICOS question, a systematic search of randomized clinical trials and cohort studies with at least 10 participants per group and a minimum 12‐month follow‐up was conducted. A two‐phase systematic selection strategy, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, was performed independently and in duplicate. Randomized trials were quantitatively analyzed in a meta‐analysis.ResultsTen human studies fulfilled the predefined criteria and were included; three clinical trials and seven cohort studies, for a total of 506 patients and 587 implants. PDL‐mediated implant placement of single‐rooted periodontally healthy teeth was found to reduce marginal peri‐implant bone loss and buccal plate changes as compared to conventional immediate implants across studies, while implant survival and success rates were comparable between the two procedures. A meta‐analysis found that bone changes were significantly less when retention of the buccal root section was performed as compared to total extractions (standardized mean difference: [−4.53, −0.11]); the three clinical trials were, however, largely heterogeneous (I2: 93.1%; Q = 28.98, p < 0.001).ConclusionStrategic retention of the buccal root section has a benefit in terms of dimensional ridge stability over conventional immediate implantation when implemented in carefully selected cases of single‐rooted teeth.
Diversity and conservation of endemic true bugs for four family groups in China
Authors: Jiang Kun , Dong Xue , Zhang Jiaqing , Ye Zhen , Xue Huaijun , Zhu Gengping , Bu Wenjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimProtected areas (PAs) in China have typically been designed by considering one or several focal taxa (e.g., relict plant and vertebrate species), but the effectiveness of these “protective umbrellas” in safeguarding insects remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the distribution and diversity of endemic true bugs for four family groups (i.e., Miridae, Lygaeoidea, Pentatomidae, and Reduviidae) in China, the environmental factors shaping these diversity patterns, and the effectiveness of China's PAs in safeguarding their diversity.LocationChina.MethodsWe mapped the spatial distributions of 1028 endemic true bugs in China using stacked species distribution models and pixel grids of observed points. The environmental factors that influence diversity patterns across China were explored by generalized linear models and random forest models. The effectiveness of PAs in safeguarding species distributions was evaluated by the Zonation platform.Main resultsWe found that most (84.9%) diversity hotspots for total species were located in mountainous areas of southern China. Additionally, the diversity patterns are shaped by the combined effects of different environmental factors, with the minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, and elevation showing the strongest effects. On average, Chinese PAs covered 10.2% of the distribution areas of these endemic true bugs.Main conclusionsIn general, our research identifies the important roles of mountainous areas in southern China in maintaining species diversity. Moreover, our research also suggests that PAs in China could not provide sufficient protection for this diversity. Protecting these endemic true bugs diversity should be valued more in mountainous areas of southern China.
Measuring preservice foreign language teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education through a newly developed scale
Authors: Fernández‐Portero Ignacio 
Published: November 2022

The ChallengeNowadays, it is usual to find students with special educational needs in almost every classroom. Are foreign language teachers ready to teach them? This article provides a newly developed scale to measure their perception of inclusive education, focusing on three dimensions: training, conception of diversity, and support.
The contribution of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) breeding to whole pasture productivity under dairy cattle grazing in New Zealand. 2. Rates of gain in production traits and economic value
Authors: Chapman David F. , Ludemann Cameron I. , Wims Cathal M. , Kuhn‐Sherlock Barbara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plant breeding has delivered several high performing and broadly adapted cultivar‐endophyte (Epichloë) combinations for the New Zealand pasture‐based livestock industries. However, the trends in key traits and the potential economic value being added to farm systems have not previously been addressed systematically. Rates of gain in yield, nutritive value, phenological and morphological traits, and the economic value of those traits, were estimated among and within ryegrass functional groups (heading date, ploidy) traded commercially between 1973 and 2012. Whole pasture dry matter yield improvements of c. 80 and 60 kg DM/ha per year were identified in in late‐season heading diploids and tetraploids respectively. Trends in metabolisable energy were negative within functional groups, but positive when all cultivar‐endophyte combinations were included in the analysis due to the addition of tetraploids and late‐season heading diploids from the mid‐1990s. The estimated trend in overall economic value (all cultivar‐endophyte combinations included) was $7/ha per year based on DM yield only, about half the rate of gain previously estimated using small‐plot merit testing data. The trend increased to $15/ha per year when ME was included due to the emergence of commercial tetraploids from the early 2000s onwards. Estimated economic gains were high within late‐season heading diploids and tetraploids but not mid‐season diploids. These trends suggest that, if high performing cultivar‐endophyte combinations had been adopted in New Zealand dairy systems, then pasture utilization should have increased by ~1 t DM/ha above the current industry average. Reasons for this apparent discrepancy are discussed.
Psychometric assessment of the German version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery
Authors: Elhilali Laila , Burr Christian , Rabenschlag Franziska , Zuaboni Gianfranco , Eissler Christian , Richter Dirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPersonal recovery is important for mental health services and service users; moreover, valid and reliable assessment instruments are necessary for measuring personal recovery. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the unidimensional factor structure of the German version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery. The study was conducted using a cross‐sectional design with a convenience sample. The questionnaire was completed by 200 patients of outpatient services of two psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the unidimensional factor structure of the German version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency. The results showed an overall acceptable model fit (χ2 = 134.188, df = 90, P = 0.002; RMSEA = 0.050, 90% CI: 0.031–0.067; CFI = 0.937; TLI = 0.927) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91). These results are consistent with those of studies that have examined the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery in other languages. This study provides preliminary evidence that the German version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery is a reliable assessment instrument for measuring personal recovery among people with mental illness experiences. However, it is necessary to conduct further psychometric tests to verify the validity and reliability of the instrument. The German version of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery can be applied to both research and clinical practice, especially as a means of facilitating communication during the planning and evaluation of treatment goals.
Factors associated with acute care service use after epilepsy hospitalisation in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Liao P. , Trollor J. , Reppermund S. , Cvejic R. C. , Srasuebkul P. , Vajdic C. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify factors associated with unplanned acute hospital readmission and emergency department (ED) presentation after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative datasets. We identified 3293 people with ID aged 5–64 years with a hospitalisation for epilepsy between 2005 and 2014 in New South Wales, Australia. We examined unplanned readmission and ED presentation within 30 or 365 days and associations with demographic, socio‐economic and health status variables. Modified Poisson regression with robust estimation was used to model outcomes within 30 days. Negative binomial regression was used to account for the overdispersion of the data and to model 365‐day outcome rates.ResultsAround half of the cohort had an unplanned readmission and ED presentation within 365 days of the index hospitalisation. In fully adjusted models, being female, being a young adult and having a longer or acute care index admission, mental and physical comorbidities and a history of incarceration were associated with an elevated risk of readmission or ED presentation. The strongest association was observed between history of self‐harm and 365‐day readmission (incidence rate ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.41–3.29).ConclusionsSocio‐demographic, justice and health factors are associated with unplanned readmission and ED presentation risk after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with ID. Interventions targeting improving continuity of care should be tailored for individuals and their support workers. The findings also emphasise the importance of person‐centred multidisciplinary care across different health sectors.
Determinants of financial worry
Authors: Magwegwe Frank M. , MacDonald Maurice M. , Lim HanNa , Heckman Stuart J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrounded in the transactional stress‐coping theory and the Tallis and Eysenck (1994) model of nonpathological worry, the present study sought to advance the conceptual and empirical understanding of financial worry (FW). We positioned objective financial stressors (OFS), subjective financial stressors (SFS), and coping resources as key variables in understanding the determinants of financial worry (FW). The cross‐sectional data consisted of responses from a representative sample of 19,385 adults, aged 18 and older, drawn from a large U.S. survey. Hierarchical linear regression results revealed that OFS, SFS, household income, and financial capability (FC) are all key determinants of FW. Furthermore, the results revealed adverse effects of OFS and SFS on FW. These effects were moderated by household income, FC, age, and gender. Implications for future research, employers, practitioners, and policymakers are discussed.
Mechanistic insights from molecular microbiology into the production of immunological and neuronal diversity
Authors: Dorman Charles J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacteria deal with an unpredictable, and often hostile, environment by being unpredictable themselves. This article will link some contributions made by variable DNA topology and nucleoid‐associated proteins to the generation of stochasticity in bacterial gene expression and describe how the associated mechanistic insights can elucidate the means by which diversity in antibody and neuronal cell development might be produced in humans and other higher organisms. The focus here will not be on mutation; instead, the article will address epigenetic effects on gene expression brought about by the modulation of topoisomerase activity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Transformation of Polygyny in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Chae Sophia , Agadjanian Victor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the rest of the developing world, Sub‐Saharan Africa has experienced profound transformations in the institution of marriage. Yet, unlike most other regions, polygyny has remained widespread across the subcontinent. There is, however, evidence to suggest that the practice of polygyny is declining and that selection into polygynous unions based on sociodemographic characteristics is increasing as sub‐Saharan Africa undergoes rapid sociocultural, demographic, and economic change. Using data from 111 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 27 countries since the 1990s, we study recent trends in the prevalence of polygyny among currently married women, examine sociodemographic characteristics of women in polygynous unions, and test whether selection on these characteristics into polygynous unions has increased over time. We find that, net of other factors, the likelihood of being in a polygynous union has declined in most countries. We show that women who are less educated, non‐Christian, and living in rural areas are more likely to be in a polygynous union and that in many countries, selection into polygynous unions on these characteristics has been growing. These findings contribute to the broader literature on marital and family change by providing new insights into recent trends in and patterns of polygyny across the subcontinent.
Beyond body image: what body schema and motor imagery can tell us about the way patients with anorexia nervosa experience their body
Authors: Meregalli Valentina , Tenconi Elena , Madan Christopher R. , Somà Enrica , Meneguzzo Paolo , Ceccato Enrico , Zuanon Sophia , Sala Alessandra , Favaro Angela , Collantoni Enrico 
Published: November 2022

AimRecent evidence suggests that the body image disturbance often observed in patients with anorexia nervosa also extends to the body schema. According to the embodiment approach, the body schema is not only involved in motor execution, but also in tasks that only require a mental simulation of a movement such as motor imagery, mental rotation of bodies, and visuospatial perspective‐taking. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of patients with anorexia to mentally simulate movements.MethodsThe sample included 52 patients with acute anorexia and 62 healthy controls. All participants completed three tests of explicit motor imagery, a mental rotation test and a test of visuospatial perspective‐taking.ResultsPatients with anorexia nervosa, with respect to controls, reported greater difficulties in imagining movements according to a first‐person perspective, lower accuracy in motor imagery, selective impairment in the mental rotation of human figures, and reduced ability in assuming a different egocentric visuospatial perspective.ConclusionThese results are indicative of a specific alteration in motor imagery in patients with anorexia nervosa. Interestingly, patients' difficulties appear to be limited to those tasks which specifically rely on the body schema, while patients and controls performed similarly in the 3D objects mental rotation task.
Core clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: A network analysis
Authors: Kim Shin Tae , Seo Jun Ho , Park Chun Il , Kim Hae Won , Boo Young Jun , Kim Heeyeon , Jeon Sumoa , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSuicidality in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is underestimated and it is important for clinicians to understand the factors that contribute to suicidal ideation. The present study aimed to estimate a network of the core clinical symptoms of OCD including obsessions, compulsions, and obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions, depressive symptoms, and psychological traits, and to examine which symptoms contribute to suicidal ideation in patients with a primary diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder.MethodsA total of 444 patients with OCD were assessed with the Yale–Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale, the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and various other measures. Network analysis was conducted to estimate the network of obsessive–compulsive and depressive symptoms, psychological traits including alexithymia and impulsivity, and demographic covariates. Symptoms directly related to suicidal ideation in the network were examined for their relative contribution to suicidal ideation.ResultsSuicidal ideation was directly related to degree of control over compulsive behaviors, distress associated with compulsive behaviors, time spent performing compulsive behaviors, and unacceptable thoughts, along with depressive symptoms and alexithymia. In the network of OC and depressive symptoms the most central symptoms among the former were interference due to compulsive behaviors and interference due to obsessive thoughts, and among the latter were pessimistic thoughts and reported sadness.ConclusionThe findings suggest that along with depressive symptoms and alexithymia, compulsions and unacceptable thoughts dimension may contribute to suicidality, and thus, should be carefully monitored in patients with OCD.
Rhees and the distinction between religion and science
Authors: Kinsey John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA sharp distinction between religion and science is, it is argued here, implicit in Rush Rhees's thought. This distinction is, moreover, underpinned by a view of philosophy as purely descriptive, which Rhees shares with Wittgenstein. The first half of this paper criticises both the distinction and this view of philosophy. The second half is constructive rather than critical. A pattern of reasoning in religion is explored, which offers a possibility of insight to those afflicted by the tragic and premature loss of loved ones; a pattern of a kind which is effectively denied by Rhees. Logical relations between this reasoning in religion and reasoning in physics are then discussed, which lend further support to the earlier critical arguments. These relations also exhibit aspects of the coherence of the conception of the world as a divinely created Cosmos, which is consistent with classical theism.
Association of physical activity with metabolic profile from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Lehtovirta Miia , Wu Feitong , Rovio Suvi P. , Heinonen Olli J. , Laitinen Tomi T. , Niinikoski Harri , Lagström Hanna , Viikari Jorma S. A. , Rönnemaa Tapani , Jula Antti , Ala‐Korpela Mika , Raitakari Olli T. , Pahkala Katja 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivePhysical activity benefits cardiometabolic health, but little is known about its detailed links with serum lipoproteins, amino acids, and glucose metabolism at young age. We therefore studied the association of physical activity with a comprehensive metabolic profile measured repeatedly in adolescence.MethodsThe cohort is derived from the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project. At ages 13, 15, 17, and 19 years, data on physical activity were collected by a questionnaire, and circulating metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics from repeatedly assessed serum samples (age 13: n = 503, 15: n = 472, 17: n = 466, and 19: n = 361).ResultsLeisure‐time physical activity (LTPA;MET h/wk) was directly associated with concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and inversely with the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids (−0.006SD; [−0.008, −0.003]; p < 0.0001). LTPA was inversely associated with very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentration (−0.003SD; [−0.005, −0.001]; p = 0.002) and VLDL particle size (−0.005SD; [−0.007, −0.003]; p < 0.0001). LTPA showed direct association with the particle concentration and size of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and HDL cholesterol concentration (0.004SD; [0.002, 0.006]; p < 0.0001). Inverse associations of LTPA with triglyceride and total lipid concentrations in large to small sized VLDL subclasses were found. Weaker associations were seen for other metabolic measures including inverse associations with concentrations of lactate, isoleucine, glycoprotein acetylation, and a direct association with creatinine concentration. The results remained after adjusting for body mass index and proportions of energy intakes from macronutrients.ConclusionsPhysical activity during adolescence is beneficially associated with the metabolic profile including novel markers. The results support recommendations on physical activity during adolescence to promote health and possibly reduce future disease risks.