bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 6-Year Update on the Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lawal Opeyemi Uwangbaoje , Ayobami Olaniyi , Abouelfetouh Alaa , Mourabit Nadira , Kaba Mamadou , Egyir Beverly , Abdulgader Shima M. , Shittu Adebayo Osagie 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of hospital-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) infections globally. The multi-drug resistant nature of this pathogen and its capacity to cause outbreaks in hospital and community settings highlight the need for effective interventions, including its surveillance for prevention and control. This study provides an update on the clonal distribution of MRSA in Africa.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by screening for eligible English, French, and Arabic articles from November 2014 to December 2020, using six electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar). Data were retrieved and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (registered at PROSPERO: CRD42021277238). Genotyping data was based primarily on multilocus sequence types (STs) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. We utilized the Phyloviz algorithm in the cluster analysis and categorization of the MRSA STs into various clonal complexes (CCs).ResultsWe identified 65 studies and 26 publications from 16 of 54 (30%) African countries that provided sufficient genotyping data. MRSA with diverse staphylococcal protein A (spa) and SCCmec types in CC5 and CC8 were reported across the continent. The ST5-IV [2B] and ST8-IV [2B] were dominant clones in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), respectively. Also, ST88-IV [2B] was widely distributed across the continent, particularly in three Portuguese-speaking countries (Angola, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe). The ST80-IV [2B] was described in Algeria and Egypt, while the HA-ST239/ST241-III [3A] was only identified in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. ST152-MRSA was documented in the DRC, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive MRSA was observed in several CCs across the continent. The median prevalence of PVL-positive MRSA was 33% (ranged from 0 to 77%; n = 15).ConclusionWe observed an increase in the distribution of ST1, ST22, and ST152, but a decline of ST239/241 in Africa. Data on MRSA clones in Africa is still limited. There is a need to strengthen genomic surveillance capacity based on a “One-Health” strategy to prevent and control MRSA in Africa.
Beneficial Effects of a Low-Glycemic Diet on Serum Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Obese Women With Prevotella and Bacteriodes Enterotypes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hur Haeng Jeon , Wu Xuangao , Yang Hye Jeong , Kim Min Jung , Lee Kyun-Hee , Hong Moonju , Park Sunmin , Kim Myung-Sunny 
Published: May 2022

Generalized healthy eating patterns may not benefit everyone due to different genetics and enterotypes. We aimed to compare the effects of a low-glycemic diet representing the Korean traditional balanced diet (Low-GID) and westernized diet as a control diet (CD) on anthropometry, serum metabolites, and fecal bacteria in a randomized clinical trial according to enterotypes. We recruited 52 obese women aged 30–50 years, and they consumed Low-GID and CD meals for 1 month, with a 1-month washout period, in a crossover randomized clinical trial. The Low-GID was mainly composed of whole grains with fish, vegetables, seaweeds, and perilla oil, whereas CD contained refined rice, bread, noodles, meats, and processed foods. Serum lipid profiles, metabolomics, serum short-chain fatty acids, and fecal bacteria were analyzed. The important variables influenced by Low-GID and CD were determined by SHAP value in the XGBoost algorithm according to Bacteroides (ET-B) and Prevotella (ET-P). Low-GID and CD interventions did not change the enterotypes, but they modified serum metabolites and some fecal bacterial species differently according to enterotypes. The 10-fold cross-validation of the XGBoost classifier in the ET-P and ET-B clusters was 0.91 ± 0.04 and 0.8 ± 0.07, respectively. In the ET-P cluster, serum L-homocysteine, glutamate, leucine concentrations, and muscle mass were higher in the CD group than in the Low-GID group, whereas serum 3-hydroxybutyric acid concentration was significantly higher in the Low-GID group than in the CD group (p &lt; 0.05). In fecal bacteria, Gemmiger formicilis, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Escherichia coli were higher in the CD group than in the Low-GID group. In the ET-B cohort, serum tryptophan and total cholesterol concentrations were higher in the CD group than in the Low-GID group, whereas serum glutathione and 3-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were significantly higher in the Low-GID group than in the CD group (p &lt; 0.05). However, Bifidobacterium longum was higher in CD than Low-GID in the ET-B cluster, but serum butyric acid levels were higher in the Low-GID than in the CD group. In conclusion, Low-GID can be recommended in obese women with both ET-P and ET-B enterotypes, although its efficacy was more effective in ET-P.Clinical Trial Registration[https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/17398], identifier [KCT0005340].
Gut Microbiome Was Highly Related to the Regulation of Metabolism in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Wang Sheng , Chen Huachun , Yang Huizhen , Zhou Kejin , Bai Fan , Wu Xiaoyu , Xu Hanwen 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most predominant subtypes of lung cancer. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in the pathophysiological processes of various diseases, including cancers.MethodsIn the study, 100 individuals were enrolled. In total 75 stool and blood samples were analyzed with 16s-rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics (30 from healthy individuals (H); 45 from LUAD patients). In addition, 25 stool samples were analyzed with metagenomics (10 from H; 15 from LUAD). The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) and logistic regression analysis were applied to identify biomarkers’ taxa and develop a diagnostic model. The diagnostic power of the model was estimated with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) by comparing the area under the ROC (AUC). The correlation between biomarker’s taxa and metabolites was calculated using the Spearman analysis.ResultsThe α and β diversity demonstrated the composition and structure of the gut microbiome in LUAD patients were different from those in healthy people. The top three abundance of genera were Bacteroides (25.06%), Faecalibacterium (11.00%), and Prevotella (5.94%). The LefSe and logistic regression analysis identified three biomarker taxa (Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, and Ruminococcus gnavus group) and constructed a diagnostic model. The AUCs of the diagnostic model in 16s-rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics were 0.852 and 0.841, respectively. A total of 102 plasma metabolites were highly related to those three biomarkers’ taxa. Seven metabolic pathways were enriched by 102 plasma metabolites, including the Pentose phosphate pathway, Glutathione metabolism.ConclusionsIn LUAD patients, the gut microbiome profile has significantly changed. We used three biomarkers taxa to develop a diagnostic model, which was accurate and suitable for the diagnosis of LUAD. Gut microbes, especially those three biomarkers’ taxa, may participate in regulating metabolism-related pathways in LUAD patients, such as the pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione metabolism.
Missed Opportunities: Healthcare Encounters Prior to Sudden Unexpected Infant Death
Authors: Salada Katherine O. , Badke Colleen M. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionSudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is the leading cause of death in children 28 days to 1 year of age. The study aim was to identify opportunities for healthcare professionals to provide families with education on sleep and prevention of SUID.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of SUID infants over 10 years (12/2010–12/2020). The study included patients 0–12 months who presented to single institution with SUID (including asphyxia, suffocation, and SIDS). Baseline descriptive characteristics, sleep patterns (location, position, co-sleeping, presence of pillows/blankets), and prior healthcare encounters (type, duration, frequency, timing) were described.ResultsThirty-five infants met inclusion criteria. Twenty-three percent of families routinely practiced unsafe sleep, while 63% practiced unsafe sleep at the time of SUID. All unsafe sleep behaviors increased during the SUID event compared to routine, including inappropriate location (60%), co-sleeping (46%), and inappropriate position (37%) at the time of SUID. There were 54 total healthcare encounters (mean 1.5 per patient +/− 2.1) prior to SUID. Primary care physicians (57%) and NICU (29%) were the most frequent prior healthcare encounters, however visits spanned multiple specialties. Twenty-six percent had a healthcare encounter within 7 days of their death.DiscussionWe demonstrated the frequency and variability in healthcare encounters among SUID infants prior to their death. Majority of infants had prior healthcare encounters, with 26% seen by healthcare professionals within 7 days of their death. These results highlight the important role healthcare professionals across all specialties have the potential to play in educating families about safe sleep and SUID.
Dihydroarteannuin Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis Via Inhibiting B Cell Activation by Activating the FcγRIIb/Lyn/SHP-1 Pathway
Authors: Hu Congqi , Wu Danbin , Yu Jiahui , Xu Jia , Liu Lijuan , Zhang Mingying , Jiao Wei , Chen Guangxing 
Published: May 2022

Background: Dihydroarteannuin (DHA), which is extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua L, exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Strong evidence indicates that B cells act as an essential factor in the pathogenesis of RA, but research on the immunosuppressive function of DHA in regulating B cells is limited.Objective: To investigate the modulatory effects of DHA on joint destruction, proinflammatory cytokine production, activation, apoptosis and proliferation of B cells and to explore the possible associated mechanism in RA treatment.Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established. Weight and joint oedema were record weekly, and joint damage was detected by micro-CT scan. Human Burkitt B lymphoma cells lacking endogenous Fc gamma receptor b (FcγRIIb) gene were transfected with a 232Thr loss-of-function mutant to construct a mutant cell model ST486. The proliferation of ST486 cells was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8. Apoptosis and activation were tested by flow cytometry. The effects of DHA on the activation of FcγRIIb, protein tyrosine kinases (Lyn), and SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) signaling pathways were determined by western blotting.Results: In comparison to model group, bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) were increased, whereas joint oedema was decreased in both of the DHA and MTX group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were decreased after treatment with DHA. In addition, DHA treatment promoted the apoptosis, inhibited the activation and proliferation of ST486 cells. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of FcγRIIb, SHP-1, and Lyn were increased after treatment with DHA. Moreover, the expression of phosphorylated CD19 was also inhibited by DHA.Conclusion: We provide the first evidence that DHA may alleviate collagen-induced arthritis by activating the FcγRIIb/Lyn/SHP-1 signaling pathway in B cell, indicating that DHA is a novel and valuable candidate for RA therapy.
Low-Frequency Dual-Band Sound Absorption by Ultrathin Planar Wall Embedded With Multiple-Cavity Resonators
Authors: Xu Yu-wei , Guan Yi-jun , Yin Jia-li , Ge Yong , Sun Hong-xiang , Yuan Shou-qi , Liu Xiao-jun 
Published: May 2022

We report the numerical and experimental realization of a type of ultrathin planar wall with low-frequency dual-band sound absorption. The proposed planar wall is constructed by a periodic subwavelength unit cell (with a thickness of λ/19) which consists of two different multiple-cavity resonators embedded into a plate structure with a groove. The sound absorption of the wall exists in two working bands (IandII) below 600 Hz which are created by two different mechanisms. In addition to the band I created by a conventional resonance coupling of the two multiple-cavity resonators, it is worth noting that the band II is realized by a mutual resonance coupling between the resonators and groove structure. The fractional bandwidths of the bands I and II can reach about 34.1 and 10.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of the proposed ultrathin planar wall in the design of a barrier-free anechoic room with omnidirectional low-frequency dual-band sound absorption is further discussed in detail. The proposed planar wall has the advantages of ultrathin planar structure and omnidirectional low-frequency dual-band sound absorption, which provides diverse routes to design advanced sound-absorption structures in noise control and architectural acoustics.
Scattering Cancellation Coating Composed of Periodical Subwavelength Structures
Authors: Kan Weiwei , Tian Cong , Chen Yikai 
Published: May 2022

We propose to cancel the scattered wave using two layers of periodical subwavelength structures by coating the scattering object with the designed composite material. As a demonstration, it is possible to obtain such scattering cancellation effect for a fiber optical nanoprobe, and fabricate the coating layers by simply etching cylinders or doping elements in silicon/SOI wafer. The required quasistatic parameters of the coating material are homogeneous and isotropic. The simulation results show that the 632.8 nm TE polarized light travels through the coated fiber optical nanoprobe with the wavefront undisturbed, and serve as evidence of the effectiveness of the designed invisibility coating. The proposed scattering cancellation scheme could be useful in non-invasive probing applications at visible and near-infrared wavelengths.
Behaviours and Beliefs Related to Whistleblowing Against Doping in Sport: A Cross-National Study
Authors: Bondarev Dmitriy , Barkoukis Vassilis , Lazuras Lambros , Bochaver Konstantin , Oudra Despoina , Theodorou Nikolaos 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundWhistleblowing has been recognized as an important deterrent of doping in elite competitive sport. The present study examined athletes’ knowledge of external whistleblowing channels and on how and where to report doping misconduct, perceived trust in different whistleblowing reporting channels, whistleblowing behaviour and athletes’ reasons for reporting (or not) doping misconduct.MethodsAthletes from Greece (n = 480), the Russian Federation (n = 512) and the United Kingdom (n = 171) completed a structured questionnaire on demographics, knowledge of different whistleblowing channels, perceived trust in internal and external whistleblowing channels, past whistleblowing behaviour and reasons for reporting (or not) doping misconduct.ResultsThe British athletes reported greater awareness of whistleblowing reporting channels (e.g., WADA’s Speak Up and IOC’s reporting platform) than did athletes from Greece (all p &lt; 0.001) and Russia (p = 0.07, and p = 0.012) respectively. However, British athletes reported the lowest scores on knowledge of how and where to report doping misconduct, as compared to athletes from Greece and Russia. The majority of respondents reported greater trust to their coach or a club manager than to other whistleblowing channels, however, responses regarding other channels varied by country. Among athletes who detected doping misconduct 62% of athletes did not report it, while 38% reported it. Reasons for and against reporting doping misconduct reflected in eight themes that were identified using thematic analysis.ConclusionAthletes showed low awareness of external whistleblowing channels and they predominantly trusted internal whistleblowing channels. Sportspersonship, confidence in resources and personal benefits were among the reasons that facilitate reporting doping misconduct. The present findings indicate that cultural context may play a role in the ways athletes perceive whistleblowing, and this should be taken into account by future interventions to promote the reporting of doping misconduct.
Preventive Medication Patterns in Bipolar Disorder and Their Relationship With Comorbid Substance Use Disorders in a Cross-National Observational Study
Authors: Icick Romain , Melle Ingrid , Etain Bruno , Høegh Margrethe Collier , Gard Sébastien , Aminoff Sofie R. , Leboyer Marion , Andreassen Ole A. , Belzeaux Raoul , Henry Chantal , Bjella Thomas D. , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Steen Nils Eiel , Bellivier Frank , Lagerberg Trine Vik 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe potential role of sub-optimal pharmacological treatment in the poorer outcomes observed in bipolar disorder (BD) with vs. without comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) is not known. Thus, we investigated whether patients with BD and comorbid SUD had different medication regimens than those with BD alone, in samples from France and Norway, focusing on compliance to international guidelines.MethodsSeven hundred and seventy patients from France and Norway with reliably ascertained BD I or II (68% BD-I) were included. Medication information was obtained from patients and hospital records, and preventive treatment was categorized according to compliance to guidelines. We used Bayesian and regression analyses to investigate associations between SUD comorbidity and medication. In the Norwegian subsample, we also investigated association with lack of medication.ResultsComorbid SUDs were as follows: current tobacco smoking, 26%, alcohol use disorder (AUD), 16%; cannabis use disorder (CUD), 10%; other SUDs, 5%. Compliance to guidelines for preventive medication was lacking in 8%, partial in 44%, and complete in 48% of the sample. Compliance to guidelines was not different in BD with and without SUD comorbidity, as was supported by Bayesian analyses (highest Bayes Factor = 0.16). Cross national differences in treatment regimens led us to conduct country-specific adjusted regression analyses, showing that (1) CUD was associated with increased antipsychotics use in France (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4–3.9, p = 0.001), (2) current tobacco smoking was associated with increased anti-epileptics use in Norway (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.9–11, p &lt; 0.001), and (3) AUD was associated with decreased likelihood of being medicated in Norway (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.04–1.3, p = 0.038).ConclusionSUD comorbidity in BD was overall not associated with different pharmacological treatment in our sample, and not related to the level of compliance to guidelines. We found country-specific associations between comorbid SUDs and specific medications that warrant further studies.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Mental Health App for Overseas Filipino Workers in Macao China: A Mixed-Methods Study of Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Authors: Liem Andrian , Pakingan Karmia A. , Garabiles Melissa R. , Sit Hao Fong , Burchert Sebastian , Lam Agnes I. F. , Hall Brian J. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundOverseas Filipino workers (OFWs) is one of the largest communities of international migrant workers. They face systemic barriers to fulfilling their health needs. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened this condition and provided a context to evaluate the utility of a digital mental health intervention delivered within a stepped-care model to address OFW mental health. Using an implementation science framework, this study aimed to evaluate stakeholders’ perspectives on the implementation of Kumusta Kabayan, a mobile phone-based mental health app, for OFWs in Macao.MethodsA mixed-methods convergent design was used by conducting two parallel steps, including quantitative and qualitative measures. The quantitative data was collected from Filipino team members and local non-governmental organization (NGO) staff members (N = 12). The qualitative data were gathered from interviews with OFWs in Macao who used the app (N = 25; 80% females, 76% domestic workers).ResultsFrom the online survey, the staff members of the local partner NGO and the Filipino team members strongly perceived that their organization could adapt Kumusta Kabayan to their program and generally evaluated that Kumusta Kabayan achieved its goal and was received well by OFWs. In the interviews, the OFW app users shared their experiences in using Kumusta Kabayan, which was thematically organized into six aspects of the participants’ experience: (1) promotional channel and expectation; (2) when to use the app and in what language; (3) lessons learnt; (4) memorable aspects; (5) key facilitators and barriers; and (6) suggestions.ConclusionKumusta Kabayan was well accepted and shows potential to be integrated into the existing support services for OFWs in Macao. This app has the promise of being scaled-up for OFWs in other countries by collaborating with local and overseas stakeholders. Lessons learnt from this evaluation could also be implemented in wider digital mental health services in different settings.
The Interaction Between POMC rs2071345 Polymorphism and Alcohol Dependence in Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Male Problem Drinkers
Authors: Hong Liuzhi , Wen Lutong , Niculescu Michelle , Zhou Fan , Zou Yang , Shen Guanghui , Wang Wei , Liu Yanlong , Chen Yu-Hsin , Wang Fan , Chen Li 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveAlcohol dependence can increase the level of anxiety. A growing body of research has identified a link between anxiety symptoms of problem drinkers and their genetic or environment factors, respectively. However, to date few studies have directly examined gene-environment (G × E) interaction on their anxiety symptoms during the acute alcohol withdrawal. The present study aims to examine the interaction between the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) rs2071345 polymorphism and alcohol dependence on anxiety symptoms of male problem drinkers, and further test the exact form of interaction on two competing models: the diathesis-stress model vs. the differential susceptibility model.MethodsA total of 440 male problem drinkers (Mage = 44.5 years, SD = 9.45) were recruited from nine main psychiatric hospitals of northern China during acute alcohol withdrawal. Blood samples were collected for genotyping, self-reported anxiety symptoms, and levels of alcohol dependence were assessed.ResultsResults indicated that the POMC rs2071345 polymorphism significantly moderated anxiety symptoms associated with alcohol dependence. A region of significance (RoS) test showed that male problem drinkers with T allele were more likely to experience more anxiety symptoms than those with CC homozygote when the standardized score of concurrent alcohol dependence was above 0.31. Confirmatory model evaluation indicated that the interaction effect involving POMC gene polymorphism conformed to the diathesis-stress model rather than differential-susceptibility model of person × environment interaction.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the SNP in POMC rs2071345 was associated with alcohol dependence in anxiety symptoms of male problem drinkers and further provided evidence in support of the diathesis-stress hypothesis of alcohol dependence in terms of anxiety symptoms.