bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The patterns and diagnostic significance of the lack of surface immunoglobulin light chain on mature B cells in clinical samples for lymphoma workup
Authors: Huang Sara L. , Fennell Thomas , Chen Xia , Huang James Z. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurface immunoglobulin (sIg) light chains are not always detected on mature B cells. This may present as a challenge for clonality determination in clinical flow cytometry.MethodsTo explore the mechanism and diagnostic significance of sIg negative mature B cells, we retrospectively studied 14 cases of sIg negative reactive B‐cell lymphocytosis and 89 cases of sIg negative mature B‐cell lymphomas. The expression patterns of sIg and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) light chains were studied by flow cytometry using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.ResultsThese 14 cases of sIg negative reactive B‐cell lymphocytosis were proven to be polytypic based on cytoplasmic light chain studies. In 89 cases of sIg negative mature B‐cell lymphomas, we described four distinct patterns of abnormal light chain expression including partial or complete loss of sIg or cIg, suggesting different underlying mechanisms.ConclusionsThis study represents the first reported series of body or cystic fluids where reactive B cells do not have detectable sIg, arguing strongly against making a diagnosis of B‐cell lymphoma based on lack of sIg in mature B cells. Since the lack of sIg does not always predict clonal/neoplastic mature B‐cell proliferation, further cIg evaluation should be performed when sIg expression is not detected in mature B cells. The lack of both sIg and cIg in mature B cells may serve as a reliable surrogate clonality/neoplastic marker.
ortho‐Quinols in (Bio)Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Wloch Morgan , Valzer Emmanuel , Pouységu Laurent , Quideau Stéphane 
Published: November 2022

Abstract6‐Alkyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohexa‐2,4‐dienone derivatives, commonly referred to as ortho‐quinols, and their simple ester and ether variants constitute a class of organic compounds that aroused much interest amongst chemists over the past 70 years for several reasons related to organic synthesis, natural product chemistry and biochemistry. It was very early on that organic chemists understood the potential of the unique yet versatile chemical reactivity of such compounds to synthesize more complex structures, and it soon emerged that ortho‐quinols could constitute key intermediates in the biosynthesis of certain natural products of various origins. This minireview discusses the chemistry of ortho‐quinols from the point of view of their role in the synthesis and biosynthesis of natural products. Examples of completed syntheses of natural products mostly taken in the literature of the last 20 years or so, together with some chosen pieces from older but pioneering and most remarkable works, are highlighted to illustrate this discussion.
Electrophoretic mobilization in capillary isoelectric focusing by a weak acid or an acidic ampholyte as catholyte assessed by computer simulation
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCapillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with cationic electrophoretic mobilization induced via replacing the catholyte with the anolyte or a solution of another acid or amino acid was investigated by computer simulation for a wide range pH gradient bracketed between two amphoteric spacers and short electrode vials with a higher id than the capillary. Dynamic simulations provide insight into the complexity of the mobilizing process in a hitherto inaccessible way. The electrophoretic mobilizing process begins with the penetration of the mobilizing compound through the entire capillary, is followed by a gradual or steplike decrease of pH, and ends in an environment with a non‐homogenous solution of the mobilizer. Analytes do not necessarily pass the point of detection in the order of decreasing pI values. Cationic mobilization encompasses an inherent zone dispersing and refocusing process toward the capillary end. This behavior is rather strong with phosphoric acid and citric acid, moderate with aspartic acid, glutamic acid (GLU), formic acid, and acetic acid and less pronounced in the absence of the cathodic spacer. The data reveal that optical detectors should not be placed before 90% of capillary length. Aspartic acid, GLU, formic acid, and acetic acid provide an environment with a continuously decreasing pH that explains their successful use in optimized two‐step CIEF protocols.
Stable sums to infer high return levels of multivariate rainfall time series
Authors: Buriticá Gloria , Naveau Philippe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeavy rainfall distributional modeling is essential in any impact studies linked to the water cycle, for example, flood risks. Still, statistical analyses that both take into account the temporal and multivariate nature of extreme rainfall are rare, and often, a complex de‐clustering step is needed to make extreme rainfall temporally independent. A natural question is how to bypass this de‐clustering in a multivariate context. To address this issue, we introduce the stable sums method. Our goal is to incorporate time and space extreme dependencies in the analysis of heavy tails. To reach our goal, we build on large deviations of regularly varying stationary time series. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our novel approach enhances return levels inference in two ways. First, it is robust concerning time dependencies. We implement it alike on independent and dependent observations. In the univariate setting, it improves the accuracy of confidence intervals compared to the main estimators requiring temporal de‐clustering. Second, it thoughtfully integrates the spatial dependencies. In simulation, the multivariate stable sums method has a smaller mean squared error than its component‐wise implementation. We apply our method to infer high return levels of daily fall precipitation amounts from a national network of weather stations in France.
Changes in emotion regulation skills of school age children from the eyes of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Karaaslan Bedriye Tuğba , Akoğlu Gözde , Özyurt Gonca , Oral Elif 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWhile health workers were affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic on an individual and professional basis, their families and especially their children were directly or indirectly exposed to similar factors. This study aims to compare the emotion regulation competencies of school‐age children of healthcare workers in Turkey, before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to investigate their emotion regulation competencies during the pandemic in terms of care conditions, daily life activities and overall health.MethodsThis study used the purposeful sampling technique and was designed as a cross‐sectional and relational survey study. To conduct this study, permission was received from the Ministry of Health Directorate‐General for Health Services, COVID‐19 Research Evaluation Commission, and İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University Non‐Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date/Decision no: 04.03.2021/0090). The data‐collection process was carried out online between March and July, 2021. A total of 106 healthcare workers who serve in pandemic clinics or fields participated in this study. In addition to the information forms prepared by the researchers of this study, the Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS), which was adapted into Turkish, was used. One‐way analysis of variance for independent samples was used for the analysis of variables, and paired samples t‐test was used to compare emotion regulation competencies before and during the pandemic.ResultsThe children's total ERS scores increased during the pandemic (47.70 ± 8.35) when compared with their pre‐pandemic scores (44.86 ± 9.25), and furthermore this difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.000). The total mean ERS score of children with a healthcare worker parent increased significantly during the pandemic compared with the scores before the pandemic, which revealed that emotion regulation occurred at a lower level for these children.ConclusionThe effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the emotion regulation competencies of children whose parents are healthcare workers is evident.
Differential expression of Chitinase 3‐Like 1 protein in appendicitis and appendix carcinomas
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Yanping , Li Fei , Li Lingxing , Wang Chaoqun , Wang Han , Chen Yun , Zhang Chunling , Zhang Yi , Wang Wenyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChitinase 3‐Like 1 (CHI3L1) has been used as an inflammatory biomarker for a variety of diseases, but its expression in acute appendicitis and appendix carcinomas remains unclear.MethodsSixty cases of patients were studied, including 46 acute appendicitis and 14 appendix carcinomas. We divided the acute appendicitis group into acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA), suppurative appendicitis (SA), and gangrenous appendicitis (GA). The appendix carcinoma group was divided into appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (ANENs) and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN). Controls were 32 healthy donors. Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CHI3L1, C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in the patients. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to identify the expression level and location of CHI3L1 in different cell types in appendix tissues.ResultsCompared with the controls, CHI3L1 serum levels were up‐regulated in SA, GA, and AMN groups, while no significant difference was observed in the AUA and ANEN groups. Immunofluorescence revealed that CHI3L1 expression was high in macrophages and adenocarcinoma cells of appendix tissues but not in the neuroendocrine carcinoma tissues. Moreover, levels of NLR and CRP in the SA and GA groups were considerably higher than in the control group. IL‐6 and SAA in SA, GA, ANENs, and AMN groups were also increased compared with the control group. In addition, CHI3L1 displayed good performance in predicting appendicitis, with an AUC of 0.862.ConclusionCHI3L1 was highly expressed in acute appendicitis and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, which can be used as a novel biomarker predicting appendicitis.
Persistent increase of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 with an unknown reason: A seven‐year follow‐up case
Authors: Zhao Wei , Duan Lei , Fang Long , Li Jinghua , Li Shirui , Wang Lina , Zhang Jingying , Zhang Wan , Cao Yongtong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe described a patient who exhibited a gradual increase in carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) concentrations for 4 years at three hospitals, with no associated clinical manifestations; however, we were unable to define the cause of this increase, forcing us to consider whether it was a false‐positive result.MethodsGiven the potential for interference, this study used multiple system detection, gradient dilution, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and heterophilic antibody blocking assay to evaluate the reliability of CA19‐9 concentration increase.ResultsAnalysis of the patient sample using multiple systems indicated that CA19‐9 concentrations showed an obvious increase (154.0, and 889.2 IU/ml, respectively) using the Cobas E602 and Advia Centaur XP systems, and were within the reference ranges (<10 IU/ml) on other modules. PEG precipitation on the Cobas E602 and Advia Centaur XP systems reduced the CA19‐9 concentration, as did heterophilic blocking tube (HBT‐6, HBT‐1) blockade.ConclusionCA19‐9 was incorrectly identified to increase due to the presence of heterophilic antibodies. We recommend that heterophilic antibodies should be evaluated in cases with elevated CA19‐9 level but no associated clinical manifestations to prevent false positives.
Indirect evaluation of amyloid deposition by ultrasonography and its relationship with MEFV gene mutation in FMF patients
Authors: Urfali Mine , Yilmaz Gürkan , Özkul Bahattin , Urfali Furkan Ertürk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe most significant complication in familial mediterranean fever (FMF) patients is dysfunction and organ failure developing depending on amyloid deposition in organs. The golden standard for showing amyloid deposition is the biopsy; however, tissue stiffness was examined by shear wave elastography as a non‐invasive method in a restricted number of studies conducted, and it is considered that amyloid deposition can be shown indirectly. In our study, we aimed to indirectly evaluate amyloid deposition in organs with Shear wave and Doppler ultrasonography and to reveal its relationship with MEFV gene mutation analysis.Method42 FMF patients with normal thyroid and renal function tests and 35 participants with no FMF symptoms were included in our study. FMF patients were grouped depending on their MEFV mutation analyses. Thyroid, salivary glands, and renal parenchymal tissue stiffness were evaluated by shear wave elastography. Thyroidal artery and both renal artery resistances were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography.ResultsBoth parotis gland, thyroid and renal parenchymal stiffness and arterial vascular resistances in the patient group were found higher than the control group. A significant difference was not found in any parameters in classification based on gender. Tissue stiffness and vascular resistance values in the patient group with M694V homozygote mutation were found statistically significantly higher than the other mutation groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study shows that identifying genetic mutation type in FMF patients will help determine possibly amyloidosis risk. Imaging of tissue stiffness by shear wave elastography and evaluation of vascular resistance by Doppler can be useful for routine screening of those patients.
Burnout in oral health students: A scoping review
Authors: MacAulay Rebecca , Morash Julie , Kenwell Leslie S. , Haslam S. Kimberly 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudent burnout can be defined as the negative reactions that occur because of prolonged academic stress, which can result in emotional exhaustion/exhaustion (EE/EX), depersonalization/cynicism, and diminished personal accomplishment/reduced academic efficacy (DPA/RAE).ObjectiveThe purpose of this scoping review is to determine if burnout is prevalent in oral health students (OHS); identify the factors that are shown to be predicators of burnout in OHS; determine the preventive and coping strategies OHS used to mitigate the effects of burnout; and identify gaps in the literature on burnout in OHS.MethodsA systematic search was completed using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO, and ERIC. The returns were screened by all members of the team using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the studies that met the criteria were appraised.Results and discussionEighteen studies assessed burnout in OHS, 15 studied dental students, 2 studied dental hygiene students, and 1 studied both. Findings concerning the prevalence of burnout varied greatly across the literature with anywhere between 7% and 70.4% of OHS reporting suffering from burnout syndrome. The most prevalent scale of burnout in OHS was EE/EX with 10%–66.2% of OHS reporting high levels. Stressors for OHS were years of study, clinical components, and demanding academic courses. Early identification and interventions are keys to prevent the negative consequences of burnout.ConclusionBurnout in OHS can affect their mental health, empathy toward patients, and professional conduct. Therefore, educating students and faculty on the signs and symptoms of burnout is key in preventing detrimental effects that may inhibit their academic success.
Reprogramming of T cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles using IL2 surface engineering induces potent anti‐cancer effects through miRNA delivery
Authors: Jung Dokyung , Shin Sanghee , Kang Sung‐Min , Jung Inseong , Ryu Suyeon , Noh Soojeong , Choi Sung‐Jin , Jeong Jongwon , Lee Beom Yong , Kim Kwang‐Soo , Kim Christine Seulki , Yoon Jong Hyuk , Lee Chan‐Hyeong , Bucher Felicitas , Kim Yong‐Nyun , Im Sin‐Hyeog , Song Byoung‐Joon , Yea Kyungmoo , Baek Moon‐Chang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractT cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit anti‐cancer effects. However, their anti‐cancer potential should be reinforced to enhance clinical applicability. Herein, we generated interleukin‐2‐tethered sEVs (IL2‐sEVs) from engineered Jurkat T cells expressing IL2 at the plasma membrane via a flexible linker to induce an autocrine effect. IL2‐sEVs increased the anti‐cancer ability of CD8+ T cells without affecting regulatory T (Treg) cells and down‐regulated cellular and exosomal PD‐L1 expression in melanoma cells, causing their increased sensitivity to CD8+ T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Its effect on CD8+ T and melanoma cells was mediated by several IL2‐sEV‐resident microRNAs (miRNAs), whose expressions were upregulated by the autocrine effects of IL2. Among the miRNAs, miR‐181a‐3p and miR‐223‐3p notably reduced the PD‐L1 protein levels in melanoma cells. Interestingly, miR‐181a‐3p increased the activity of CD8+ T cells while suppressing Treg cell activity. IL2‐sEVs inhibited tumour progression in melanoma‐bearing immunocompetent mice, but not in immunodeficient mice. The combination of IL2‐sEVs and existing anti‐cancer drugs significantly improved anti‐cancer efficacy by decreasing PD‐L1 expression in vivo. Thus, IL2‐sEVs are potential cancer immunotherapeutic agents that regulate both immune and cancer cells by reprogramming miRNA levels.
Compound heterozygous variants within two conserved sialyltransferase motifs of ST3GAL5 cause GM3 synthase deficiency
Authors: Rudy Natasha , Aoki Kazuhiro , Ananth Amitha , Holloway Lynda , Skinner Cindy , Hurst Anna , Tiemeyer Michael , Steet Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGM3 synthase deficiency (GM3SD) is caused by biallelic variants in ST3GAL5. The ganglioside GM3, enriched in neuronal tissues, is a component of lipid rafts and regulates numerous signaling pathways. Affected individuals with GM3SD exhibit global developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, and dyskinetic movements. Hearing loss and altered skin pigmentation are also common. Most of the reported variants in ST3GAL5 are found in motifs conserved across all sialyltransferases within the GT29 family of enzymes. These motifs include motif L and motif S which contain amino acids responsible for substrate binding. These loss‐of‐function variants cause greatly reduced biosynthesis of GM3 and gangliosides derived from GM3. Here we describe an affected female with typical GM3SD features bearing two novel variants that reside in the other two conserved sialyltransferase motifs (motif 3 and motif VS). These missense alterations occur in amino acid residues that are strictly invariant across the entire GT29 family of sialyltransferases. The functional significance of these variants was confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis of plasma glycolipids, demonstrating a striking loss of GM3 and accumulation of lactosylceramide and Gb3 in the patient. The glycolipid profile changes were accompanied by an increase in ceramide chain length on LacCer. No changes in receptor tyrosine phosphorylation were observed in patient‐derived lymphoblasts, indicating that GM3 synthase loss‐of‐function in this cell type does not impact receptor tyrosine kinase activity. These findings demonstrate the high prevalence of loss‐of‐function ST3GAL5 variants within highly conserved sialyltransferase motifs in affected individuals with GM3SD.
Durability of humoral and cell‐mediated immune response after SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine administration
Authors: Mihaylova Anastasiya , Lesichkova Spaska , Baleva Marta , Nikolova‐Vlahova Milena , Kundurzhiev Todor , Kolevski Alexander , Naumova Elissaveta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVaccination against the SARS‐Cov‐2 virus is an effective way to protect against the disease and the severe course of COVID‐19. Forty‐nine fully vaccinated with mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273) SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐naïve volunteers aged 33–89 were enrolled in the study. Evaluation of the cellular and humoral immune response was performed within 1 to 3 months (T1) and 6–9 months (T2) after the second injection, and within 2–3 months (T3) after a booster dose. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the specific immune status was made between two age groups—below 60 (n = 22) and over 60 (n = 27) years. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell response was evaluated by IFN‐γ‐producing spot forming cells (SFCs) using a standardized ELISPOT assay. Virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) against SARS‐CoV‐2 were measured by a blocking ELISA test and spike protein specific IgG (S‐IgG) and IgA (S‐IgA) antibodies—by semiquantitative ELISA. IFN‐γ‐producing SFCs, S‐IgG, S‐IgA and VNA significantly decreased 6–9 months after the second dose. After the third injection S‐IgG and S‐IgA markedly increased compared to T2 and reached the levels at T1. Of note, the highest values of VNA were observed at T3. No differences in the tested immune parameters were found between the two age groups. Data obtained showed that for a long period—6–9 months after a full course of immunization with mRNA vaccine, immune reactivity is present, but both cellular and humoral immune responses gradually decrease. The administration of a third dose mainly restores the specific humoral immune response against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
Metabolite analysis of soybean oil on promoting astaxanthin production of Phaffia rhodozyma
Authors: Li Qingru , Zhang Jing , Guan Xiaoyu , Lu Yanhong , Liu Yankai , Liu Jiahuan , Xu Na , Cai Chunyu , Nan Bo , Li Xia , Liu Jingsheng , Wang Yuhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAstaxanthin is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant property. In addition, it has anti‐cancer, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory and many other functions. The micro‐organisms that mainly produce astaxanthin are Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Compared with H. pluvialis, P. rhodozyma has shorter fermentation cycle and easier to control culture conditions, but the yield of astaxanthin in P. rhodozyma is low. This article studied how to improve the astaxanthin production of P. rhodozyma.RESULTSThe results showed that when 10 mL L−1 soybean oil was added to the culture medium, astaxanthin production increased significantly, reaching 7.35 mg L−1, which was 1.4 times that of the control group, and lycopene and β‐carotene contents also increased significantly. Through targeted metabolite analysis, the fatty acids in P. rhodozyma significantly increased under the soybean oil stimulation, especially the fatty acids closely related to the formation of astaxanthin esters, included palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), α‐linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and γ‐linolenic acid (C18:3n6), thereby increasing the astaxanthin esters content.CONCLUSIONIt showed that the addition of soybean oil can promote the accumulation of astaxanthin by promoting the increase of astaxanthin ester content. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.