bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Studies on Dexketoprofen
Authors: Kuczyńska Joanna , Pawlak Angelika , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Dexketoprofen(DEX) belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. DEX is an enantiomer of ketoprofen (S+) and has a stronger effect than ketoprofen. It is highly effective even after the administration of small doses. The therapy with DEX does not cause serious side effects and is additionally tolerated by the body.
Aim. The review aimed to find original scientific publications on DEX in recent years and its therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability.
Method. A systematic review of scientific articles published no earlier than 2015 was carried out. Materials from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline Complete databases were used. The literature review was carried out in November 2021. Among the publications found, 28 scientific articles were selected for analysis.
Results and discussion. Over the recent years, there have been many publications about DEX. Articles describing new data on DEX in the treatment of pain were analyzed, compared with other drugs and mesotherapy, the latest reports of its combination with tramadol and thiocolchicoside were reviewed, and a new slow release form of DEX and new therapeutic applications of this drug were investigated. After analyzing all the studies, it was found that DEX produced similar or more effective analgesia compared to other drugs and reduced the need for emergency medications. In addition, it was noted that using DEX in combination therapy was far better than taking it alone, and was also found to be effective in raising the epileptic threshold. Mesotherapy achieved higher results in the treatment of pain symptoms compared to DEX. The side effects that appeared as a result of the use of DEX therapy were not life-threatening.
Conclusion. The results of the review confirm that DEX is a very good analgesic, which is more potent than paracetamol and diclofenac sodium while having similar effects to dexmedetomidine and lidocaine. DEX in combination with tramadol or thiocolchicoside is more effective than when the two drugs are used alone. Scientists are working on the long-acting DEX and are looking for new applications of the drug in epilepsy and oncology.
Uvaria clementis (Merr.) Attan., I. M. Turner and R. M. K. Saunders (Annonaceae), a New Record for the Flora of Vietnam
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Van , Hung Lai Viet , Truong Phan Van , Tu Dang Minh , Huyen Pham Thanh , Nga Nguyen Quynh , Ngoc Pham Thi , Khoi Nguyen Minh , Trung Vo Quang , Hao Nguyen Hoang , Mui Tran Van 
Published: October 2022

The genus Uvaria Juss. is distinguished other genus of Annonaceae especially: Stellate or caespitose hairs, flowers bisexual opposite to leaves, flower are solitary or cymose. Sepal 3, valvate,… Uvaria clementis (Merr.) Attan., I.M. Turn&R.M.K Saunders distributed from Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei to Thailan, Campuchia,… The specimen which collected at Dongnai province and saved at The Hebarium National Instiute of Medicinal Materialis is newly recorded for the flora of Vietnam. This study, we are described, illustrated and notes on taxonomy of Uvaria clementis Teaching and scientific research are two main.
ألفاظ الشهادة وصيغها عند رواية الحديث ودلالاتها الحديثية – دراسة تطبيقية-
Authors: Muhammad al-Jubouri Mozahem Nayef Ibrahim 
Published: October 2022

تأتي أهمية هذه الدراسة من المحتوى الاعتباري والدلالي لمنطوق لفظ الشهادة والاشهاد وصيغ ادائها عند رواية الحديث النبوي الشريف ، وما تتضمنه الشهادة باعتبارها احدى أهم قرائن الاثبات ؛ في عصور النقد والتحقيق وضبط الروايات الحديثية وتحرير الفاظها.
هدف الدراسة: تهدف الدراسة الى الوقوف على الاساليب والطرق التي اتبعها علماء الحديث في اثبات صدق الراوي والمخبر عند نقل المحتوى الحديثي ، والافادة من منهج اعتبار قرائن الاثبات عند المحدثين وتطبيقاته العملية في حياة المسلم اليومية وما يتعرض له من نقل الاخبار والاحداث وغيرها.
اشكالية الدراسة: تناقش هذه الدراسة في محتواها ومضمونها التطبيقي قضية ( الشهادة) وضرورتها لإثبات صدق الناقل من خلال الاجابة عن تساؤلين الاول : هل ان لفظ الشهادة واجب عند رواية الحديث النبوي الشريف؟ والثاني: هل يعتبر التلفظ بالشهادة دليلاً على مصداقية ناقل الخبر أم انها اضافة من الراوي على سبيل التحقيق ودفع التشكيك بالخبر ؟.
سبب اختيار الموضوع: لسببين احدهما: اظهار دقة ورصانة منهج نقاد الحديث في اثبات صدق وعدالة الرواة في المباحث الرجالية أي ( نقد الاسانيد وعلم الرجال)، والثاني: هو ان لفظ ( الشهادة) من قرائن الاثبات المشتركة بين المحدثين والفقهاء ؛فلا يمكن تحقيقها واعتبار العمل بها مالم يكن صاحبها ممن توفرت فيه شروط العدالة المعتبرة عندهم جميعا, كلّ بحسبه, لان شروط العدالة تختلف بينهم.
حدود الدراسة: تناولت هذه الدراسة احد ابواب كتاب: (المحدث الفاصل بين الراوي والواعي لابن خلاد الرامهرمزي) باب: مَنْ قَالَهُ عَلَى لَفْظِ الشَّهَادَةِ
منهج وخطة البحث: اتبعت المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي اضافة الى المنهج التطبيقي ، وقسمت البحث الى مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث: الاول : تمهيد وتعريفات مهمة، والثاني : التعريف بالإمام الرامهرمزي وكتابه" المحدث الفاصل بين الراوي والواعي" والثالث :انواع صيغ الشهادة وتطبيقاتها واغراضها عند المحدثين، ثم خاتمة بأهم النتائج. الكلمات المفتاحية: (لفْظُ الشَّهادَة عند المحدثين)( لفْظُ الشَّهادَة في صِيَغ الأَدَاء)( لفْظُ الشَّهادَة عند الرامهرمزي)( المسَلْسَلُ بلفْظُ الشَّهادَة في الأَدَاء).
تحليل العلاقة المكانية لتوزيع حيوانات الماشية والاراضي الزراعية والمراعي الطبيعية في محافظة صلاح الدين
Authors: Muhammad Adnan Attia 
Published: October 2022

يتضمن البحث دراسة تحليل العلاقة المكانية بين توزيع الماشية والاراضي الزراعية والمراعي الطبيعية في محافظة صلاح الدين ، ومن اجل الوصول الى النتائج تمت دراسة تأثير العوامل الجغرافية على توزيع حيوانات الماشية . كما تم دراسة واقع التوزيع الجغرافي لحيوانات الماشية والاراضي الزراعية المستثمرة والمراعي الطبيعية ، لتحليل خصائص العلاقة بينها وبين توزيع حيوانات الماشية لتصل الدراسة الى معرفة اتجاه توزيعها وبيان مركز الثقل المكاني لتوزيعها . واظهرت الدراسة تباين توزيع حيوانات الماشية بين اقضية منطقة الدراسة اذ احتل قضاء بلد المركز الاول في اعدادها، واحتل قضاء تكريت المركز الثاني بينما جاء قضاء الدور بالمركز الاخير . كما ظهر ان مركز الثقل المكاني الموزون لتوزيع الماشية يقع في جنوب قضاء تكريت وذلك لتركز 55% منها في وسط وشمال منطقة الدراسة، ومركز الثقل المكاني للاراضي الزراعية وقع في وسط وجنوب قضاء سامراء لانها تقع ضمن منطقة السهل الرسوبي التي تتميز بسعة مساحات الاراضي الزراعية الصالحة للزراعة والمستغلة . وعند دراسة مركز الثقل المكاني لتوزيع الماشية والمراعي الطبيعية تبين ان مركز الثقل المكاني للماشية وقع في جنوب قضاء تكريت وذلك لتركز اعداد كبيرة من الماشية بالقرب من هذه المنطقة ، بينما وقع مركز الثقل المكاني للمراعي الطبيعية في قضاء الدور والاقضية المجاورة له وذلك لسعة المساحات المستوية ضمن هذه الناطق والتي شكلت نسبة 64% من مساحة المراعي في منطقة الدراسة. وظهر ان العلاقة بين اتجاه التوزيع الجغرافي للماشية والاراضي الزراعية يأخذ شكلا بيضويا يمتد بين الجنوب الشرقي والشمال الغربي ويمكن ارجاع سبب ذلك الى تركز مصادر الاعلاف حول نهر دجلة حيث المورد المائي فضلا عن التربة الملائمة . كما ظهر ان توزيع الماشية اكثر اتساعا من توزيع الاراضي الزراعية بسبب حركة الرعاة باتجاه مناطق توفر العلف بين قضاء واخر.
أثر برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي قائم على انموذج اديلسون في تحصيل طلاب الصف الثاني متوسط في مادة الاجتماعيات وتفكرهم الشمولي
Authors: AL.SAMMARRAIE HUDA Hadi KHMEES 
Published: October 2022

هدف البحث الى التعرف على اثر برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي قائم على انموذج اديلسون في تحصيل طلاب الصف الثاني متوسط في مادة الاجتماعيات ، وتكونت عينة البحث من (64) طالبا من طلاب الصف الثاني متوسط تم تقسيمهم بصورة عشوائية الى مجموعتين مكونة من (32) طالب تم تدريسهم باستخدام برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي قائم على انموذج اديلسون ، وضابطة (32) دراسة درسوا وفق الطريقة التقليدية ،قامت الباحثة بإعداد اختبار تحصيل تكون من (25) فقرة اختبارية ، وكذلك اعدت اختبار التفكير الشمولي وتكون من (40) فقرة اختبارية والتي تقيس مهارة : (التفسير-الاستنتاج-الاستنباط-الطلاقة-المرونة-الاصالة-التنبؤ- والتوقع- التعرف على الافتراضات )وتم التحقق من صدق وثبات الادوات وحيث استخدمت الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة.
الفراغ الوجودي وعلاقتهُ بنمطي الشخصية( A-B) لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: Ahmed Mahdi Shihab 
Published: October 2022

إن مشاعر اللاجدوى والفراغ والملل والخواء التي تسيطر على الانسان في نواحي عديدة من حياته من المشكلات التي يعاني منها الانسان في هذا الزمن أكثر من أي وقت آخر كما أن لتراكم الضغوط النفسية ورتابة البيئة المحيطة به وافتقارها من المظاهر الانسانية من شأنها أن توجه الانسان نحو حياة خالية من المعاني والقيم. هدف البحث الحالي للتعرف على مستوى الفراغ الوجودي لدى طلبة الجامعة وهل يوجد فروق بين الجنسين والعلاقة بين الفراغ الوجودي ونمطي الشخصية. حيث تكونت عينة البحث من (200) طالب وطالبة من طلبة الجامعة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية ، وبعد استكمال اجراءات اعداد المقاييس الخاصة بالبحث واستخدام الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة وتوصل الباحث الى النتائج التالية : إنَّ طلبة الجامعة يتمتعون بالفراغ الوجودي بمستوى متوسط .ووجود فرق في مقياس الفراغ الوجودي لطلاب الجامعة لصالح الذكور. إن السبب في ذلك هو نتيجة لتعرض الذكور إلى الأزمات والمعوقات ومواقف التحدي أكثر من تلك التي تعترض الاناث , مما ولد لهم الشعور بخواء معنى الحياة والفراغ في حياتهم من المعنى, وكذلك لضعف قدرتهم في اشباع حاجاتهم نتيجة لقلة الفرص التي يوفرها المجتمع من حولهم .وأوصى الباحث الى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات .
The Importance of Figurative Speech in Teaching Short Story
Authors: Al – Azzawi Istabraq Tariq , Salih Al-Jubouri Ibraheem Khalaf 
Published: October 2022

Figurative language is significant in the comprehension of any literary text. It affects the understanding of each idea that it reflects. This study aims to:

Show if there is a difficulty in figurative language through studying short story.
State which kind of figurative language causes difficulty for EFL University students in studying short story.

The sample of this study is 93 students at the second grade of English Department at Tikrit University in the academic year 2020/2021. The data is gathered using an achievement test to determine students' short story achievement. The test includes two questions with 10 items for each.
Finally, to analyze the obtained data, suitable statistical methods are used to analyze the results of the test. The results revealed that the majority of students face some difficulties in using figurative language through studying short story and metaphor and hyperbole are the most difficult rather than the others.
Prevalence of Pediculosis in Baquba City, Diyala Province
Authors: Jameel Abbod , Raghad , Ghazal Noaman Nadhim 
Published: October 2022

Background: Pediculosis capitis is an infectious disease caused by an ectoparasite human insect, can be seen with the naked eye, which often causes scalp itching, it is not a dangerous disease but annoying diseases. Pediculosis capitis is an endemic parasitosis affecting many countries of the world ,also it is prevalent in Iraq, often affects the children ,it is an ubiquitous problem in children have high resistance to some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of pediculosis in Baquba city and to determine certain epidemiological criteria related to pediculosis.
Patients and Methods: This cross-section study has been done on 155 patients affected by lice who were visit dermatological clinical out patient in Baquba teaching hospital Diyala, Iraq, from the first of November 2020 to the thirty of August 202, history and physical examination was done by the dermatologist, and a sheet of special questionnaire was used for every patient.
Results: The results show that children less than 10 years were 59(38.06%) out of 155 who were mostly affected. It was more in females, they were 123(79.35%), while males they were 32(20.64%). Girls less than 10 had a higher percentage, 39(25.16%) out of 123 females, than other age groups. People living in urban and rural areas were equally affected; in urban areas they were 73(47.09%) while in rural areas they were 82(52.90%). Pediculosis was highly distributed among students; they were 58(37.41%) out of 155.The most significant symptom of pediculosis was scalp itching people who suffered from itching were 131(84.51%) while people who had no symptom were 24(15.48%). There was no relationship between pediculosis capitis infections and the family size. It was more prevalent in families living in overcrowded homes; they were 76(49.03%) out of 155 who had only two bedrooms. Pediculosis capitis was more common in summer months in April they were 21(15.54%) in May they were 24(16.48%) in June they were 21(15.54%) in July they were 22(14.19%).
Conclusion: Pediculosis were more prevalent among school-age children, so we must spread awareness among the student about how lice are transmitted not to share hair comb or hair clips, also raising awareness of parents about the use of effective and beneficial treatments to eliminate the disease.
The presentation and the outcome of penetrating abdominal bullet injuries – Iraqi hospital based study
Authors: Jarullah Abdullah , Fouad , Akram Abed , Bashar , Saleh Ibrahim Nazar 
Published: October 2022

Background: In Iraq penetrating injuries to the abdomen caused by firearm are more common than stab wounds with remarkable mortality and morbidity. Early recognition of the injuries and immediate treatment are mandatory in saving the lives of many of those patients.
Objective: To review the presentation and evaluate the early post-operative morbidity and mortality of abdominal bullet injuries in Baghdad teaching hospital.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 132 patients admitted to second surgical unit in Baghdad teaching hospital after sustaining bullet injury to the abdomen during the time period of one year from October 2013 to September 2014.
Results: The most vulnerable age group involved, between 21-30 years comprised 71.2% of total. Male to female ratio was 43:1(male comprised 97.73%). It was observed that the majority of the injured patients were military personnel (83%), associated with high velocity missiles (81%). It was seen that 96.6% of patients had positive findings during laparotomy; small intestine was involved in the majority of the patients 42.6% followed by large intestine in 35.65%, then liver in 20.86%. Majority of the patients had involvement of two organs (42%), followed by one organ in (28%). The major postoperative complications were wound infection (28.6%), followed by chest infection in (24.4%). The major cause of death was septicaemia in 80%.
Conclusion: Explorative laparotomy continues to be the most accurate method used to diagnose the presence of penetrating intra-abdominal injuries with a negative laparotomy rate of 3.4%. The mortality rate tended to be related to the number of intra-abdominal organs injuries; high rates of surgical site and chest infections were found and septicaemia was the chief cause of death after 48 hours. Hospital stays in our study were prolonged in comparison to other developed countries.
Interleukin 10 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Jumaa Abd-Alkareem , Suhad , Luaiby Atrooz , Ahmed , Dhia Hasan Noor 
Published: October 2022

Background: The anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL 10), has a crucial role in periodontal diseases. The gene coding for this cytokine is pleomorphic. In the promoter region of the IL 10 gene, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IL10 1082 and IL 819, have been discovered to affect IL 10 expressions.
Objective: To investigate the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin 10 gene (IL-10-1082 G/A and IL-10-819 C/T) with CPO.
Patients and Methods: A total of 64 patients with chronic periodontitis (CPO) and another 40 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. The IL-10 gene was amplified with two specific sets of primers. Genotyping was achieved by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR).
Results: The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotypes of the SNP IL-10-1082G/A among patients was 48.44%, 42.19% and 9.37% respectively, compared with 32.5%, 35% and 32.5% respectively, among controls. Logistic regression test revealed a significant difference in the frequency of AG (OR=0.19, 95%CI=0.06-0.62, P=0.006) and GG genotype (OR= 0.24, 95%CI=0.07-0.77, p=0.016) between patients and controls. Furthermore, the haplotype block GC (G allele of IL-10-1082G/A and C allele of IL-10-819 C/T) was more common in controls than patients (36.25% vs. 33.44%) with a significant difference (OR= 0.54, 95%CI= 0.29-0.99, p= 0.048).
Conclusion: These data suggest that the IL-10-1082 G/A gene polymorphism could be a risk factor for CPO in Iraqi patients.
Chemical and microbiological properties of drinking water in the city of Baghdad
Authors: A Ghafil , Jenan , Kadem Zghair , Hameda , Khadem Zgair Ayaid 
Published: October 2022

Background: The quality of drinking water is directly related to community health. Therefore, improving the quality of drinking reflects positively on the health situation in general. The studies that deal with the quality of drinking water in the city of Baghdad in terms of chemical or microbial content are very scanty.
Objective: The current review highlights the most important studies and research articles that concern the quality of drinking water, both bottled water and tap water, in terms of chemical and biological contamination and chemophysical specifications for drinking water.
Abstract: Studies have shown that drinking water in the city of Baghdad, especially tap water, contains certain levels of heavy metals, and some bacterial species have also been diagnosed in drinking water transmitted through taps. But the levels of most of them are within the international standards. Although there are some indications of chemical and biological contamination.
Conclusion: Although the standard specifications for drinking water in the city of Baghdad are acceptable, the pollution indicators in both tap water and bottled water should be monitored seasonally.
Three-point vs one-point palpation of temporomandibular joint. A clinical trial study
Authors: A Kheder Khrwatany , Khurshid , H Shekhani , Farman , Qader Ahmed Jamal 
Published: October 2022

Background: Palpation is a crucial component of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) examination in identifying tenderness. One-finger one-point palpation has a high tendency for inappropriate application and misinterpretation.
Objective: To evaluate three-point vs one-point palpation in determination of TMJ tenderness.
Patients and Methods: The study included fourth and fifth-year students in the College of Dentistry/Hawler Medical University. All students were examined using both one-point and three-point techniques. Two essential elements were recorded for each TMJ: tenderness and clicking.
Results: A total of 76 students (152 TMJs); 40 female and 37 male, were included. One-point TMJ tenderness was present in 41 (26.7%) and three-point TMJ tenderness was present in 114 (75%) TMJs (P=0.0001), with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 73%. Clicking, in three-point, 14 (9.21%), in one-point, 22 (14.47%) TMJs were with (P=0.2136) with a sensitivity of 18.42% and specificity of 71%.
Conclusion: Three-point technique can be used for palpation of TMJ, especially for detection of joint tenderness. Better not to be used for clicking evaluation.
Non-closure of the peritoneum during open appendicectomy decreases postoperative analgesia requirement
Authors: Modher Khalaf Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Background: Acute appendicitis is considered the most common surgical emergency in both adults and children. Open rather than laparoscopic appendectomy is still the most commonly performed procedure.
Objective: To assess the effect of non-closure of the peritoneum during appendectomy on postoperative pain and finally on the analgesia requirement.
Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients underwent appendicectomy. The patients were divided into two equal groups; each had one hundred patients. Group 1 (control or closure Group) in which, the peritoneum is closed; in group 2 (study or non-closure Group), the peritoneum is left alone without closing it.
Results: The mean pain score in the non-closure group was less compared to that in the closure group. A significant decrease in parenteral analgesia requirements was shown in the non-closure group compared to the closure group.
Conclusion: Leaving the peritoneum not sutured during appendicectomy has a positive outcome on postoperative pain and decreases the requirement for analgesia.
Statistical Study of Cancer in Diyala Provenance
Authors: Hasoon Mohammad , Salam , A  Salman Ruaa 
Published: October 2022

Background: Malignant neoplasms are a group of illnesses involving altered cell proliferation with the ability to invade or metastasize to other sites of the body. Not all neoplasms are malignant; benign neoplasms do not metastasize to other parts of the body.
Objective: To To find out and subcategorize different types of malignant neoplasms in the Diyala and find the relationship with different criteria, including age, sex, grade….,etc.
Patients and Methods: In order to conduct this retrospective study, 158 patients with malignant neoplasmas were chosen from the pathology laboratories spread throughout Provenance-Baquba City between February 2012 and December 2016. For all cases, we do statistical analysis for age, gender, tissue affected, type of surgery, kind of malignant neoplasm, grade, stage, and history of diagnosis and find the relationship of each of these factors with each other.
Results: The highest kind of malignant neoplasm within the study was mammary carcinoma, which comprised 39 (24.9%); then dermal malignant neoplasm was 30 (18.9%); and malignant lymphoma was 12 (7.8%); the rest of the other 76 are other malignant neoplasms (48.4%).
Conclusion: Mammary carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the Diyala Region (25 %), followed by dermal carcinoma (19%), and malignant lymphoma (8 %). Age (51–60 years) is a risk factor for malignant neoplasms in the Diyala Region.
Association of smoking type, status, number times of smoking and their effect on infected people by COVID-19
Authors: Mustafa Assem , Maha , Falih Ahmed , Dalya , Badr Mahmood Maryam 
Published: October 2022

Background: Smoking has a significant role in weakening the pulmonary immune system function. Infection with infectious agents can cause more serious outcomes in the pulmonary system among people who smoke than those who do not.
Objective: To show the relationship between smoking and the progression of the infectious COVID-19.
Patients and Methods: A questionnaire the following data was gathered from both sexes using a Google form: age, smoking status, smoking habits, blood type, and medical conditions.
Results: Results: Statistical analysis indicated that there are highly significant differences between males and females, and older patients included in the study who are infected and non-infected with COVID-19 (P < 0.01), and there are significant differences among blood groups (P < 0.05). In regard to smoking status, there are highly significant differences in the disease severity between the never-smoking group compared to current smokers (P≤0.01, P≤0.05), respectively. This differences increase with the number of times of smoking, and there is no significant difference between types of smoking between infected and non-infected groups with COVID-19. Statistical analysis indicated that there are highly significant differences in the disease severity in the male and female groups who have not smoked compared to former smokers (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Recent studies have reported the real role of the virus in the health status of smokers. However, this study showed no strong relationship between the virus and smokers.