bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic coexposure to arsenic and estrogen potentiates genotoxic estrogen metabolic pathway and hypermethylation of DNA glycosylase MBD4 in human prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Treas Justin , Roy Priti , Singh Kamaleshwar P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreviously we reported that arsenic and estrogen cause synergistic effects in the neoplastic transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. In addition to receptor‐mediated pathways, DNA‐reactive estrogen metabolites have also been shown to play a critical role in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Both estrogen and arsenic are known prostate carcinogens, however, the effect of coexposure to these two chemicals on genes involved in estrogen metabolism is not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of arsenic and estrogen coexposure on the expression of estrogen receptors and estrogen metabolism‐associated genes. Earlier, we also reported the synergistic effect of arsenic and estrogen on decreased expression of MBD4 genes that play an important role in DNA repair through its DNA glycosylase activity. To further understand the mechanism, the promoter methylation of this gene was also analyzed.MethodsTotal RNA and protein were isolated from RWPE‐1 human prostate epithelial cells that were coexposed to arsenic and estrogen for a chronic duration (6 months). The expression of estrogen receptors, estrogen metabolism associated phase I genes (CYP 1A1, 1A2, 3A4, and 1B1) and phase II gene catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), as well as antioxidant MnSOD, were analyzed either at the RNA level by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction or at the protein level by western blot. Promoter methylation of MBD4 was analyzed by pyrosequencing.ResultsExpression of MnSOD and phase I genes that convert E2 into genotoxic metabolites 2‐OH‐E2 and 4‐OH‐E2 were significantly increased, whereas the expression of phase II gene COMT that detoxifies estrogen metabolites was significantly decreased in arsenic and estrogen coexposed cells. MBD4 promoter was hypermethylated in arsenic and estrogen coexposed cells. Coexposure to arsenic and estrogen has synergistic effects on the expression of these genes as well as in MBD4 promoter hypermethylation.ConclusionsThese novel findings suggest that coexposure to arsenic and estrogen acts synergistically in the activation of not only the estrogen receptors but also the genes associated with genotoxic estrogen metabolism and epigenetic inactivation of DNA glycosylase MBD4. Together, these genetic and epigenetic aberrations provide the molecular basis for the potentiation of carcinogenicity of arsenic and estrogen coexposure in prostate epithelial cells.
Liquiritigenin protects against myocardial ischemic by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and L‐type Ca2+ channels
Authors: Zhang Muqing , Qi Jiaying , He Qianqian , Ma Donglai , Li Jing , Chu Xi , Zuo Saijie , Zhang Yixin , Li Li , Chu Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLiquiritigenin (Lq) offers cytoprotective effects against various cardiac injuries, but its beneficial effects on myocardial ischemic (MI) injury and the related mechanisms remain unclear. In the in vivo study, an animal model of MI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (Iso, 85 mg/kg). ECG, heart rate, serum levels of CK and CK‐MB, histopathological changes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were all measured. In vitro, H9c2 cells were divided into four groups and treated for 24 hr with liquiritigenin (30 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L) followed with CoCl2 (800 μmol/L) for another 24 hr. Cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were then assessed. The L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa‐L) was detected using a patch clamp technique on isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The myocyte contraction and Ca2+ transients were measured using an IonOptix detection system. The remarkable cardiac injury and generation of intracellular ROS induced by Iso were alleviated via treatment with Lq. CoCl2 administration induced cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Ca2+ overload in H9c2; Lq reduces these deleterious effects of CoCl2. Meanwhile, Lq blocked ICa‐L in a dose‐dependent manner. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of Lq was 110.87 μmol/L. Lq reversibly reduced the amplitude of cell contraction as well as the Ca2+ transients. The results show that Lq protects against MI injury by antioxidation, antiapoptosis, counteraction mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of ICa‐L, thus damping intracellular Ca2+.
Biomolecular Regulation of Zinc Deposition to Achieve Ultra‐Long Life and High‐Rate Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhu Jinlin , Deng Wenjun , Yang Na , Xu Xianqi , Huang Chao , Zhou Yi , Zhang Man , Yuan Xinran , Hu Jun , Li Chang , Li Rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been extensively studied due to their inherent safety and high energy density for large‐scale energy storage. However, the practical application is significantly limited by the growing Zn dendrites on metallic Zn anode during cycling. Herein, an environmental biomolecular electrolyte additive, fibroin (FI), is proposed to guide the homogeneous Zn deposition and stabilize Zn anode. This work demonstrates that the FI molecules with abundant electron‐rich groups (NH, OH, and CO) can anchor on Zn anode surface to provide more nucleation sites and suppress the side reactions, and the strong interaction with water molecules can simultaneously regulate the Zn2+ coordination environment facilitating the uniform deposition of Zn. As a consequence, only 0.5 wt% FI additive enables a highly reversible Zn plating/stripping over 4000 h at 1 mA cm−2, indicating a sufficient advance in performance over state‐of‐the‐art Zn anodes. Furthermore, when applied to a full battery (NaVO/Zn), the cell exhibits excellent capacity retention of 98.4% after 1000 cycles as well as high Coulombic efficiency of 99%, whereas the cell only operates for 68 cycles without FI additive. This work offers a non‐toxic, low‐cost, effective additive strategy to solve dendrites problems and achieve long‐life and high‐performance rechargeable aqueous ZIBs.
A late Asbian (Mississippian) stratotype for England: Trowbarrow Quarry, Cumbria, UK
Authors: Cózar Pedro , Somerville Ian D. , Hounslow Mark W. , Kamenikova Tereza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA detailed biostratigraphy is established, using the high foraminiferal abundance and diversity at Trowbarrow Quarry, which is also proposed as a stratotype section for the late Asbian (late Visean), a substage not previously formally subdivided. The foraminiferal assemblages suggest that the early Asbian has to be revised, which has implications for the chronostratigraphy of many late Visean outcrops in Britain, which are probably erroneously interpreted. From the upper part of the Park Limestone Formation at Trowbarrow Quarry, near the base of the section, the transition between foraminifers assigned to the early and late Asbian (Cf6α–β to Cf6γ subzones) is identified. The Urswick Limestone Formation contains excellent biostratigraphic records of many important taxa, enabling the subdivision of the formation into five foraminiferal assemblage zones for the late Asbian, namely Cf6γ1a, Cf6γ1b, Cf6γ2a, Cf6γ2b and Cf6γ2c. The last assemblage is currently recognized only in the North Pennines and at Trowbarrow. These assemblages enable revision of the stratigraphic range of many taxa used as biostratigraphic markers in Britain and Ireland. Owing to its excellent foraminiferal record, the late Asbian subdivisions will significantly facilitate the reinterpretation of other well‐known Asbian platform carbonate successions in Britain. Although there are some faunal differences, the base of the late Asbian can be confidently correlated to other European zonal schemes, with its base being equivalent to the base of the former V3bγ or more recent MFZ14 foraminiferal zones of Belgium, and the base of the Mikhailovian Substage in Russia.
Compositional Changes in Potato Carbohydrates and Polyphenols during In vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion
Authors: Thakur Nitasha , Raigond Pinky , Jayanty Sastry S. , Goel Gunjan , Dutt Som , Singh Brajesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEffect of processing method on in vitro bioaccessibility of carbohydrates and polyphenolics is investigated using three Indian potato varieties. Results show that boiling and microwaving breakdown the starch to maximum extent (up to 98%). Bioaccessibility of reducing sugars was 10‐times and 13‐times high, and sucrose was 2‐times and 4‐times higher with boiled and microwaved potatoes, respectively compared to undigested forms. Boiling and microwaving significantly decreases the polyphenolics by 26% and 10%, respectively. Though boiling significantly decreased the concentration of chlorogenic acid (29%), caffeic acid (20%) andrutin (6%), microwaving significantly increased chlorogenic acid (3‐fold), caffeic acid (3.4‐fold) and rutin (1.7‐fold). Polyphenolics (41 mg/100 g FW), chlorogenic acid (251 µg/g FW), caffeic acid (58 µg/g FW) and sugars are most bioaccessible from microwaved potatoes; and rutin (20 µg/g FW) from boiled potatoes. Principal component analysis indicates that microwaving releases more polyphenolics. Hence microwaving can be recommended as the best cooking method, though high sugar bioaccessibility also needs to be kept in mind. The study indicates that during bioaccessibility studies of phytonutrients in starchy foods, carbohydrate bioaccessibility should not be ignored. The finding of this study needs to be confirmed through cell uptake model and through in vivo studies to further conclude the present results.
Chemical Modifications of Turmeric Starch by Oxidation, Phosphorylation, and Succinylation
Authors: Nakkala Komalatha , Godiyal Shilpa , Ettaboina Santhosh Kumar , Laddha K. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study is to determine how different properties of turmeric starch are changed with oxidation, succinylation, and phosphorylation. These chemical reagents include sodium hypochlorite, octenyl succinic anhydride, sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), and sodium tripolyphosphate, using the appropriate reagents (STPP). The isolated starch is modified using several chemical reagents, affecting the turmeric starch physicochemical, functional, thermal, and morphological properties. In hydration properties, all modified starches, are observed non‐significant changes, but in the case of swelling power, lower results are observed in oxidized starch, but substantially raised in the remaining both modifications. In all modifications, the amylose content is lower than native starch (31.380.98). Although there is little variation in pH, the modified starches have higher water and oil binding capabilities than native starch. Native starch (26.02 ± 0.04) and oxidized starch (15.46 ± 0.12) result in the highest and lowest percent syneresis respectively, hence modifications lead more stable starches. SEM research reveals particle aggregation and depressions in the structural form of some modified starches. In terms of viscosity metrics, distarch phosphate (6.3898 Pa s) has the highest viscosity while oxidized starch has the lowest viscosity (3.2623 Pa s). The current paper specifies methods for modification of the turmeric starch including oxidation, succinylation, and phosphorylation. The degree of substitution and percentage content of modified starches are calculated and those are carboxyl/carbonyl content in oxidized starch, octenyl succinate content in succinylated starch, and phosphate content in phosphorylated starch. These properties of modified starches would facilitate more applications in the food as well as non‐food industry.
Configuration influence in relation to fluid flow of venturi system
Authors: Reda Hamed Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to its simplicity and accurately measuring the flow rate, the venturi system is a special kind of pipe that is widely used in various applied fluid mixtures. One of the venturi system's important applications is ejectors devices that accurately facilitate adding air to water to sustain oxygen demand target levels in many waterworks engineering systems. This study aims to improve venturi system measurement accuracy through experimental investigation and analytical analysis for the venturi system conditional configuration parameters effect on target aeration operational efficiency. In the experiment work, different runs are implemented to characterize the performance of such aerators by describing the impact of venturi characteristics and configurations, including water flow rate, air inlets orifices diameters, inlet velocities, throat lengths, inlet angles, outlets angles, and outlet diameters on aeration efficiency. Results show that the venturi air vent diameter is an important governing parameter for determining aeration performance value. Additionally, an indicated increase in aeration performance with an increasing throat length to its diameter ratio. Meanwhile, the results revealed a varying noted effect of the venturi system characteristics and configurations on aeration performance. Moreover, the equations that relate venturi system configuration and Reynolds numbers with the aeration operational performance are developed to facilitate the target accurate aeration efficiency estimation.
Incubation characteristics, growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Saxonian Chicken and German Langshan bantam breeds in a free‐range rearing system
Authors: Freick Markus , Herzog Marion , Rump Stefan , Vogt Isabelle , Weber Jim , John Wolfram , Schreiter Ruben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground/introductionIn the absence of evidence‐based findings for Saxonian Chicken (SaChi) and German Langshan bantam (GLB), which are indigenous endangered German fancy chicken breeds, the objective of the present study was to characterise their growth performance and meat potential in an extensive free‐range systemMethodsA total of 340 hatching eggs from SaChi and 439 eggs from GLB were provided by private breeders, from which 263 SaChi (77.3%) and 174 GLB (39.6%) hatched (p < 0.001)ResultsBy week 20, SaChi reached body weights of 2362.3 ± 315.3 g (mean ± SD; roosters) and 1624.7 ± 158.9 g (hens), while GLB weighed 1089.7 ± 148.3 g (roosters) and 820.4 ± 89.5 g (hens). Fitting the non‐linear regression of growth data to the Gompertz function estimated asymptotic body weights of 3131.4, 2363.9, 1359.2 and 1107.3 g, with inflection point times of 10.5, 10.3, 9.2 and 9.3 weeks in male SaChi, female SaChi, male GLB and female GLB, respectively. Moderate plumage damage was observed on days 18, 35, 53, 70 and 105 in SaChi and on days 53, 70 and 105 in GLB, while all birds presented completely intact plumage on day 140. Using a binary logistic regression model, breed, age and sex were shown to affect the plumage condition (p < 0.001 each). Roosters were slaughtered in week 20. No breed effects were detected in the carcass yield (SaChi: 68.8 ± 1.7%, GLB: 69.7 ± 1.8%) (p = 0.135) or abdominal fat share (SaChi: 0.89 ± 0.15%, GLB: 1.08 ± 0.14%) (p = 0.281). The percentage of valuable cuts (breast fillets and legs) in the carcass was 43.8 ± 1.9% for SaChi and 43.1 ± 3.0% for GLB (p = 0.490)Discussion/conclusionsIn conclusion, this study provides insights into the performance traits and welfare indicators during the rearing of two endangered German chicken breeds.
Two decades of Martini: Better beads, broader scope
Authors: Marrink Siewert J. , Monticelli Luca , Melo Manuel N. , Alessandri Riccardo , Tieleman D. Peter , Souza Paulo C. T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Martini model, a coarse‐grained force field for molecular dynamics simulations, has been around for nearly two decades. Originally developed for lipid‐based systems by the groups of Marrink and Tieleman, the Martini model has over the years been extended as a community effort to the current level of a general‐purpose force field. Apart from the obvious benefit of a reduction in computational cost, the popularity of the model is largely due to the systematic yet intuitive building‐block approach that underlies the model, as well as the open nature of the development and its continuous validation. The easy implementation in the widely used Gromacs software suite has also been instrumental. Since its conception in 2002, the Martini model underwent a gradual refinement of the bead interactions and a widening scope of applications. In this review, we look back at this development, culminating with the release of the Martini 3 version in 2021. The power of the model is illustrated with key examples of recent important findings in biological and material sciences enabled with Martini, as well as examples from areas where coarse‐grained resolution is essential, namely high‐throughput applications, systems with large complexity, and simulations approaching the scale of whole cells.This article is categorized under:Software > Molecular ModelingMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo MethodsStructure and Mechanism > Computational Materials ScienceStructure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
On dual solutions of the three‐dimensional Hiemenz flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet
Authors: Sarkar Golam Mortuja , Sahoo Bikash 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe steady three‐dimensional Hiemenz flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet of a viscous incompressible fluid is studied. In a very recent paper, Weidman in 2020 has modified the two‐dimensional Hiemenz flow by adding some periodic terms onto the outer potential flow and made it three‐dimensional Hiemenz flow over a rigid plate. Suppose we replace the rigid plate with a stretching sheet that gives a new family of three‐dimensional viscous stagnation‐point flows depending on the shear‐to‐strain rate parameter γ and stretching parameter λ. The similarity equations are solved numerically with the shooting technique. Numerical solutions for the sheet shear stress parameters and displacement thicknesses are reported and compared with asymptotic solutions behaviors. Dual solutions of the similarity equations are found numerically in both the stretching and shrinking cases. A linear temporal stability analysis is conducted to determine the physically reliable solution, revealing that the “First solution” is stable. Sample similarity velocity profiles are also presented for both the solutions and discussed in detail.
Dual-Band General Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Câmara M. Cristina , O’Loughlin Ryan , Partington Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe relate dual-band general Toeplitz operators to block truncated Toeplitz operators and, via equivalence after extension, with Toeplitz operators with $$4 \times 4$$

4
×
4

matrix symbols. We discuss their norm, their kernel, Fredholmness, invertibility and spectral properties in various situations, focusing on the spectral properties of the dual-band shift, which turns out to be considerably complex, leading to new and nontrivial connections with the boundary behaviour of the associated inner function.
Effects of pH alterations on stress- and aging-induced protein phase separation
Authors: Jin Xuejiao , Zhou Min , Chen Shuxin , Li Danqi , Cao Xiuling , Liu Beidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUpon stress challenges, proteins/RNAs undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to fine-tune cell physiology and metabolism to help cells adapt to adverse environments. The formation of LLPS has been recently linked with intracellular pH, and maintaining proper intracellular pH homeostasis is known to be essential for the survival of organisms. However, organisms are constantly exposed to diverse stresses, which are accompanied by alterations in the intracellular pH. Aging processes and human diseases are also intimately linked with intracellular pH alterations. In this review, we summarize stress-, aging-, and cancer-associated pH changes together with the mechanisms by which cells regulate cytosolic pH homeostasis. How critical cell components undergo LLPS in response to pH alterations is also discussed, along with the functional roles of intracellular pH fluctuation in the regulation of LLPS. Further studies investigating the interplay of pH with other stressors in LLPS regulation and identifying protein responses to different pH levels will provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying pH-driven LLPS in cell adaptation. Moreover, deciphering aging and disease-associated pH changes that influence LLPS condensate formation could lead to a deeper understanding of the functional roles of biomolecular condensates in aging and aging-related diseases.
Antibiotikaeinsatz zu Prophylaxe und empirischer Therapie von frakturassoziierten Infektionen in Deutschland
Authors: Bärtl Susanne , Walter Nike , Lang Siegmund , Hitzenbichler Florian , Rupp Markus , Alt Volker 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Antibiotika (AB) spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Prophylaxe und Behandlung von Infektionen in der Unfallchirurgie. Dennoch scheint es gerade bei der Infektionsprophylaxe nach offenen Frakturen und auch bei der empirischen Therapie von frakturassoziierten Infektionen (FRI) große Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Kliniken zu geben.

Methodik
An deutschen Universitäts- und berufsgenossenschaftlichen Kliniken wurde eine Umfrage zu Prophylaxe und empirischer AB-Therapie von FRI durchgeführt. Die AB-Regime wurden mit dem Resistenzprofil der Erreger bei 86 FRI-Patienten verglichen, um die theoretische Wirksamkeit der jeweiligen Therapien zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse
Von 71 Kliniken antworteten insgesamt 44 (62,0 %). Bei geschlossenen Frakturen zeigte sich mit der Verwendung von Cephalosporinen in 95,5 % der Kliniken ein einheitliches Bild. Für offene Frakturen wurden 8 verschiedene AB-Regime berichtet, wobei Aminopenicilline/β-Lactamase-Inhibitor (BLI) (31,8 %) am häufigsten genannt wurden. Für die empirische Therapie der FRI wurden 12 verschiedene AB-Regime angegeben, am häufigsten Aminopenicilline/BLI (31,8 %), Cephalosporine (31,8 %) und Ampicillin/Sulbactam + Vancomycin (9,1 %). Hinsichtlich der empirischen Therapie der FRI zeigten sich niedrige Sensibilitätsraten für Cephalosporine (65,1 %) bzw. Aminopenicillinen/BLI (74,4 %). Für die Kombination Vancomycin + Meropenem ergab sich mit 91,9 % die höchste hypothetische Sensibilität.

Diskussion
Im Abgleich mit dem vorliegenden, einrichtungsspezifischen Keimspektrum erscheint die Kombinationstherapie Vancomycin + Meropenem für die empirische Therapie sinnvoll, sollte jedoch Patienten mit mehrfachen Revisionseingriffen oder septischen Infektionsverläufen vorbehalten bleiben, um die Selektion hochresistenter Keime zu vermeiden.

Graphic abstract