bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco‐physiological and morphological traits explain alpine plant species' response to warming
Authors: Visakorpi Kristiina , Block Sebastián , Pellissier Loïc , Levine Jonathan M. , Alexander Jake 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Understanding the traits mediating species' responses to climate change is a cornerstone for predicting future community composition and ecosystem function.

Although species' eco‐physiological properties determine their response to environmental change, most trait‐based studies focus on a small subset of easily measured morphological traits as proxies for physiology. This choice may limit our ability to predict the impacts of climate change on species' demography, and obscure the underlying mechanisms.

We conducted a transplantation experiment along a 1000‐m elevation gradient in the Alps to quantify the degree to which changes in plant abundance due to climate warming were predicted by eco‐physiological performance versus common morphological traits.

Physiological measurements revealed that warming favoured species with a conservative leaf‐level water use strategy whereas species whose leaf‐level water use was more ‘wasteful’ were more likely to suffer from the warmer and drier climate. Nevertheless, the predictive power of physiological traits did not exceed that of morphological traits.

Our results, therefore, show that while easily measured morphological traits can successfully predict plant abundance responses to climate, eco‐physiological approaches are needed to understand the underlying mechanism.

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Innate immune function and antioxidant capacity of nestlings of an African raptor covary with the level of urbanisation around breeding territories
Authors: Nwaogu Chima Josiah , Amar Arjun , Nebel Carina , Isaksson Caroline , Hegemann Arne , Sumasgutner Petra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Urban areas provide breeding habitats for many species. However, animals raised in urban environments face challenges such as altered food availability and quality, pollution and pathogen assemblages. These challenges can affect physiological processes such as immune function and antioxidant defences which are important for fitness.

Here, we explore how levels of urbanisation influence innate immune function, immune response to a mimicked bacterial infection and antioxidant capacity of nestling Black Sparrowhawks Accipiter melanoleucus in South Africa. We also explore the effect of timing of breeding and rainfall on physiology since both can influence the environmental condition under which nestlings are raised. Finally, because urbanisation can influence immune function indirectly, we use path analyses to explore direct and indirect associations between urbanisation, immune function and oxidative stress.

We obtained measures of innate immunity (haptoglobin, lysis, agglutination, bactericidal capacity), indices of antioxidant capacity (total non‐enzymatic antioxidant capacity (tAOX) and total glutathione from nestlings from 2015 to 2019. In addition, in 2018 and 2019, we mimicked a bacterial infection by injecting nestlings with lipopolysaccharide and quantified their immune response.

Increased urban cover was associated with an increase in lysis and a decrease in tAOX, but not with any of the other physiological parameters. Furthermore, except for agglutination, no physiological parameters were associated with the timing of breeding. Lysis and bactericidal capacity, however, varied consistently with the annual rainfall pattern. Immune response to a mimicked a bacterial infection decreased with urban cover but not with the timing of breeding nor rainfall. Our path analyses suggested indirect associations between urban cover and some immune indices via tAOX but not via the timing of breeding.

Our results show that early‐life development in an urban environment is associated with variation in immune and antioxidant functions. The direct association between urbanisation and antioxidant capacity and their impact on immune function is likely an important factor mediating the impact of urbanisation on urban‐dwelling animals. Future studies should explore how these results are linked to fitness and whether the responses are adaptive for urban‐dwelling species.
Establishment of Arthrobotrys flagrans as biocontrol agent against the root pathogenic nematode Xiphinema index
Authors: Wernet Valentin , Fischer Reinhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant‐parasitic nematodes cause devastating agricultural damage worldwide. Only a few synthetic nematicides can be used and their application is limited in fields. Therefore, there is a need for sustainable and environment‐friendly alternatives. Nematode‐trapping fungi (NTF) are natural predators of nematodes. They capture and digest them with their hyphae and are starting to being used as bio‐control agents. In this study, we applied the NTF Arthrobotrys flagrans (Duddingtonia flagrans) against the wine pathogenic nematode Xiphinema index. A. flagrans reduced the number of X. index juveniles in pot cultures of Ficus carica, an alternative host plant for X. index, significantly. Sodium‐alginate pellets with A. flagrans spores were produced for vineyard soil inoculation under laboratory conditions. The NTF A. conoides, A. musiformis and A. superba were enriched from several soil samples, showing their natural presence. Trap formation is an energy‐consuming process and depends upon various biotic and abiotic stimuli. Here, we show that bacteria of the genus Delftia, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Serratia induced trap formation in NTF like A. conoides and A. oligospora but not in A. flagrans in the absence of nematodes. The application of NTF along with such bacteria could be a combinatorial way of efficient biocontrol in nematode‐infested soil.
RNAi‐mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone esterase causes mortality and malformation in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Xu Zhanyi , Yan Ru , Qian Jiali , Chen Dongping , Guo Yirong , Zhu Guonian , Wu Huiming , Chen Mengli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRNA interference is an efficient approach for gene function identification and a potential novel strategy for selectively controlling pests. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major global storage pest, which causes great economic loss. Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), a carboxylesterase, is responsible for the degradation of juvenile hormone. However, the knockdown effect of jhe on metamorphosis of pupae or adult in T. castaneum is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of Tcjhe in the larval stage, we found that Tcjhe was expressed throughout the whole larval instars and the expression levels were relatively high right after molting. Furthermore, we knocked down the expression of Tcjhe by injecting dsTcjhe, which significantly increased the mortality of adults and decreased the eclosion rate. In addition, abnormal developmental phenotypes, including wing deformitity, pupal–adult monsters and shrunken adults, were observed. Our finding indicates that JHE plays an important role in the metamorphosis and development in T. castaneum, suggesting that Tcjhe could be used as a potential target for the development of RNAi‐based control strategies in T. castaneum.
A single‐center study of thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of pediatric mediastinal neurogenic tumors
Authors: Zhang Qiangye , Zhou Tingting , Hou Peimin , Mu Weijing , Wang Dongming , Fang Jun , Li Aiwu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of pediatric mediastinal neurogenic tumors, and summarize the treatment experiences and surgical skills.MethodsA single‐center retrospective analysis of 37 patients with pediatric mediastinal neurogenic tumors was conducted. Clinical charactersistics and postoperative complications were all analyzed.ResultsAll the operations were successfully completed. There was no statistically significant difference in tumor diameter between the two groups (p > 0.05). The open surgery group had an average operation time of 96.5 ± 32.38 min, while the thoracoscopic surgery group had an average operation time of 78.3 ± 24.51 min (p < 0.05). The thoracoscopic surgery group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss than the open surgery group (p < 0.05). In addition, the duration of the postoperative thoracic drainage tube was 5.43 ± 0.76 days in the open surgery group, which was longer than the 2.38 ± 0.87 days in the thoracoscopic surgery group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the postoperative length of hospital stay was an average of 10.23 ± 1.43 days for the open surgery group, longer than for the thoracoscopic surgery group (4.36 ± 0.87 days) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThoracoscopic surgery has several advantages in the treatment of pediatric mediastinal neurogenic tumors and is worthy of clinical popularization and application. For giant mediastinal malignant neurogenic tumors, puncture biopsy and adjuvant chemotherapy can be performed before surgery to lessen the tumor volume and enlarge the operation space, which would reduce bleeding and complications.
Centralization and prospective audit of cystectomy are necessary: a commentary on the case for centralization, supported by a contemporary series utilizing the ANZUP cystectomy database
Authors: Viswambaram Pravin , McCombie Steve P. , Hawks Cynthia , Wallace D. Michael A. , Sengupta Shomik , Hayne Dickon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) outcomes are unacceptably poor. In Australia, BC survival is actually deteriorating. There is an urgent need to improve outcomes in BC patients, which requires a multipronged approach. One area deserving closer scrutiny is radical cystectomy. Audit is necessary to identify areas for improvement and without it, outcomes remain unknown. Evidence convincingly shows high‐volume surgeons and centers improve cystectomy outcomes including overall survival, yet centralization has still not occurred. The Australia and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group cystectomy database has been established to facilitate cystectomy audit in Australia and New Zealand. We present initial data from the ANZUP cystectomy database from a single high‐volume center, discuss the benefits of centralization and its challenges in the Asia‐Pacific context.
Letter: vaccination for global control of hepatitis B—from prevention to elimination. Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: November 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17120 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17213
Prevalence and predictors of benevolent childhood experiences among a representative sample of young people
Authors: Redican Enya , McBride Orla , Bunting Lisa , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmerging research evidence suggests that benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may partly explain more favourable mental health outcomes among individuals affected by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, much of this research has focused on adult populations. Consequently, this study sought to provide the first rigorous assessment of the prevalence and predictors of BCEs using a nationally representative sample of young people from Northern Ireland (NI). Participants were 11–19‐years‐olds (N = 1293) who participated in the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (NI‐YWS, 2020). Prevalence rates, gender differences and predictors of BCEs were investigated. Results revealed how most of the sample experienced multiple BCEs (95%, n = 1084), with females reporting higher levels of BCEs. Significant positive predictors of BCEs were female gender, parental education, living with both biological parents, and living in areas with lower deprivation, while significant negative predictors of BCEs included family being in receipt of social welfare and older age. Overall, this study highlights how BCEs are common, while the identification of factors associated with likelihood of having positive experiences during early development provides novel insights into those young people who may be at greater risk for maladaptive psychological outcomes.
Characterization of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced cardiotoxicity reveals interleukin‐17A as a driver of cardiac dysfunction after anti‐PD‐1 treatment
Authors: Gergely Tamás G. , Kucsera Dániel , Tóth Viktória E. , Kovács Tamás , Sayour Nabil V. , Drobni Zsófia D. , Ruppert Mihály , Petrovich Balázs , Ágg Bence , Onódi Zsófia , Fekete Nóra , Pállinger Éva , Buzás Edit I. , Yousif Laura I. , Meijers Wouter C. , Radovits Tamás , Merkely Béla , Ferdinandy Péter , Varga Zoltán V. 
Published: November 2022

Background and PurposeImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibodies, have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing the cytotoxic effects of T‐cells against tumours. However, enhanced T‐cell activity also may cause myocarditis and cardiotoxicity. Our understanding of the mechanisms of ICI‐induced cardiotoxicity is limited. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of PD‐1 inhibition on cardiac function and explore the molecular mechanisms of ICI‐induced cardiotoxicity.Experimental ApproachC57BL6/J and BALB/c mice were treated with isotype control or anti‐PD‐1 antibody.Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function. Cardiac transcriptomic changes were investigated by bulk RNA sequencing. Inflammatory changes were assessed by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry in heart, thymus, and spleen of the animals. In follow‐up experiments, anti‐CD4 and anti‐IL‐17A antibodies were used along with PD‐1 blockade in C57BL/6J mice.Key ResultsAnti‐PD‐1 treatment led to cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular dilation in C57BL/6J mice, with increased nitrosative stress. Only mild inflammation was observed in the heart. However, PD‐1 inhibition resulted in enhanced thymic inflammatory signalling, whereIl17aincreased most prominently. In BALB/c mice, cardiac dysfunction was not evident, and thymic inflammatory activation was more balanced. Inhibition of IL‐17A prevented anti‐PD‐1‐induced cardiac dysfunction in C57BL6/J mice. Comparing myocardial transcriptomic changes in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice, differentially regulated genes (Dmd,Ass1,Chrm2,Nfkbia,Stat3,Gsk3b,Cxcl9,Fxyd2, andLdb3) were revealed, related to cardiac structure, signalling, and inflammation.ConclusionsPD‐1 blockade induces cardiac dysfunction in mice with increased IL‐17 signalling in the thymus. Pharmacological inhibition of IL‐17A treatment prevents ICI‐induced cardiac dysfunction.
Overexpression of Homer1b/c induces valproic acid resistance in epilepsy
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Youbin , Wang Guangfei , Lu Jinmiao , Li Zhiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsResistance to valproic acid (VPA) is a major challenge for epilepsy treatment. We aimed to explore the mechanism underlying this resistance.MethodsPentylenetetrazol‐induced chronic epileptic rats were administered VPA (250 mg/Kg) for 14 days; rats with controlled seizure stages (seizure score14th‐before ≤0) and latent time (latent time14th‐before ≥0) were considered VPA‐responsive, while the others were considered nonresponsive. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the VPA‐responsive and nonresponsive rat hippocampus transcriptomes were identified, and their functions were evaluated. The roles of postsynaptic density (PSD) and Homer1 were also determined. Furthermore, a subtype of Homer1 (Homer1b/c) was overexpressed or silenced in HT22 cells to determine its effect on VPA efficacy. Moreover, the membrane levels of mGluR1/5 directly bound to Homer1b/c were assessed.ResultsOverall, 264 DEGs commonly enriched in the PSD between VPA‐responsive and nonresponsive rats. Among them, Homer1 was more highly expressed in the hippocampus of nonresponses compared to that of responses. Overexpression of Homer1b/c interrupted VPA efficacy by increasing reactive oxygen species production, lactate dehydrogenase release, and calcium content. Furthermore, it induced the overexpression of mGluR1 and mGluR5.ConclusionOverexpression of Homer1b/c influenced VPA efficacy, revealing it could be a target to improve the efficacy of this treatment.
Claustrum modulates behavioral sensitivity and EEG activity of propofol anesthesia
Authors: Luo Tian‐Yuan , Li Long‐Yu , Li Jia , Cai Shuang , Wang Yuan , Zhang Lin , Yu Shou‐Yang , Yu Tian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe claustrum has long been regarded as a vital center for conscious control. Electrical stimulation or damage to the claustrum can result in decreased awareness or loss of consciousness, suggesting that the claustrum may be a target for the action of general anesthetics. This study aimed to determine the role of the claustrum in propofol anesthesia.MethodsWe first applied a fiber photometry calcium signal recording system to record the claustral neuronal activity during the entire process of propofol anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustral neurones was then performed to verify their role in anesthesia. Finally, muscimol (GABAa receptor agonist) and gabazine (GABAa receptor antagonist) were microinjected into the claustrum to determine whether their GABAa receptors were involved in modulating propofol anesthesia. EEG and behavioral indicators, such as anesthetic sensitivity and efficacy, were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAn evident anesthesia‐related change in claustrum neuronal activity was suppressed during propofol‐induced unconsciousness and restored following recovery from anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustrum neurons results in attenuated propofol sensitivity, a shorter anesthesia duration, and an EEG shift toward wakefulness. Manipulation of GABAa receptors in the claustrum showed bidirectional control of propofol sensitivity, as activation decreases anesthesia efficiency while inactivation augments it. Additionally, inhibiting claustrum GABAa receptors increases cortical EEG slow waves.ConclusionsClaustrum neurones and their GABAa receptors are implicated in the modulation of propofol anesthesia in both behavioral and EEG assessments. Our findings create scope to reveal the brain targets of anesthetic action further and add to the existing evidence on the consciousness‐modulating role of the claustrum.
Behavioral Signatures of Memory Resources for Language: Looking beyond the Lexicon/Grammar Divide
Authors: Divjak Dagmar , Milin Petar , Medimorec Srdan , Borowski Maciej 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough there is a broad consensus that both the procedural and declarative memory systems play a crucial role in language learning, use, and knowledge, the mapping between linguistic types and memory structures remains underspecified: by default, a dual‐route mapping of language systems to memory systems is assumed, with declarative memory handling idiosyncratic lexical knowledge and procedural memory handling rule‐governed knowledge of grammar.We experimentally contrast the processing of morphology (case and aspect), syntax (subordination), and lexical semantics (collocations) in a healthy L1 population of Polish, a language rich in form distinctions. We study the processing of these four types under two conditions: a single task condition in which the grammaticality of stimuli was judged and a concurrent task condition in which grammaticality judgments were combined with a digit span task. Dividing attention impedes access to declarative memory while leaving procedural memory unaffected and hence constitutes a test that dissociates which types of linguistic information each long‐term memory construct subserves.Our findings confirm the existence of a distinction between lexicon and grammar as a generative, dual‐route model would predict, but the distinction is graded, as usage‐based models assume: the hypothesized grammar–lexicon opposition appears as a continuum on which grammatical phenomena can be placed as being more or less “ruly” or “idiosyncratic.” However, usage‐based models, too, need adjusting as not all types of linguistic knowledge are proceduralized to the same extent. This move away from a simple dichotomy fundamentally changes how we think about memory for language, and hence how we design and interpret behavioral and neuroimaging studies that probe into the nature of language cognition.
Seasonal variation of cytomegalovirus disease in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Kleiboeker Hanna L. , Astor Brad C. , Gentry Amy C. , Saddler Christopher M. , Smith Jeannina A. , Aziz Fahad , Mandelbrot Didier , Garg Neetika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeStudies conducted in the northern United States found cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after liver transplantation follows a seasonal pattern, with increased incidence in fall and winter. This has not been evaluated in kidney transplant recipients. Improved understanding of CMV seasonality may help guide use of preventative therapies.MethodsWe evaluated adult patients receiving a kidney transplant at our center in Wisconsin from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2018. CMV event was defined as quantifiable viral replication with clinical signs or symptoms suspicious for CMV per current consensus recommendations. Seasons were divided as follows: winter (December–February), spring (March–May), summer (June–August), and fall (September–November). The primary objective was to evaluate the annual distribution of CMV disease and determine whether this differed by season.ResultsThere were 6151 kidney transplants in the study period. A total of 913 patients had 1492 episodes of CMV. Median time from transplant to first detection was 5.51 months (interquartile range [IQR] 2.87–11.7). The observed overall incidence exceeded the expected incidence in winter (+.7%), spring (+5.5%), and fall (+3.4%) and was less than expected in summer (−9.5%) (p = .18). The incidence of CMV during summer, however, was 21% less than expected (p = .001) in recipients who were CMV positive (R+) at the time of transplantation. No such difference was observed in CMV negative recipients (R−; p = .58).ConclusionCMV after kidney transplant appears to be less common during the summer season in patients who were R+ at transplant but does not follow seasonal variation in R−. Reasons for this are unclear but are likely related to CMV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity. These findings may have clinical implications, particularly the use of non‐pharmacologic strategies to improve response to antiviral therapy.