bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective stress values during radiation emergency medicine for future human resources: Findings from a survey of nurses
Authors: Iyama Keita , Sato Yoshinobu , Ohba Takashi , Hasegawa Arifumi 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Shortages of human resources in radiation emergency medicine (REM) caused by the anxiety and stress of due to working in REM, are a major concern. The present study aimed to quantify stress and identify which tasks involved in REM response are most stressful to help educate (human resource development) and effectively reduce stress in workers. Furthermore, the final goal was to reduce the anxiety and stress of medical personnel in the future, which will lead to sufficient human resources in the field of REM.

Methods
In total, 74 nurses who attended an REM seminar were asked to answer a questionnaire (subjective) survey and wear a shirt-type electrocardiogram (objective survey). Then, informed consent was obtained from 39 patients included in the analysis. In the objective survey, average stress values of participants for each activity during the seminar were calculated based on heart rate variability (HRV). The average stress value was output as stress on a relative scale of 0–100, based on the model which is the percentile of the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio derived from HRV at any point in time obtained over time.

Results
A total of 35 (89.7%) participants answered that they had little or no knowledge of nuclear disaster and 33 (84.6%) had more than moderate anxiety. Stress values observed during the decontamination process were significantly higher than those observed when wearing and removing protective gear and during the general medical treatment process (P = 0.001, 0.004, and 0.023, respectively). Stress values did not increase during general medical treatment performed in protective clothing, but increased during the decontamination process, which is the task characteristic of REM.

Discussion
Stress felt by medical personnel throughout the entire REM response may be effectively reduced by providing careful education/training to reduce stress during the decontamination process. Reducing stress during REM response effectively could contribute to resolving the shortage of human resources in this field.
Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en México durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Cuatlayo Meza Elisa , Luna Lopez Paola , Enriquez-Martinez Oscar Geovany , Villaseñor Lopez Karen , De Abreu Quintela Castro Fernanda Cristina , Silva Pereira Taísa Sabrina 
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de los individuos se vio afectada, debido a la pandemia por el coronavirus (COVID-19). El incremento de la inseguridad alimentaria limita a los individuos a tener una calidad de vida plena y digna. Objetivo: Evaluar el acceso y disponibilidad de la seguridad alimentaria en la población mexicana afectada por la pandemia de COVID-19 en México mediante una revisión de literatura.
Metodología: Revisión de literatura en bases de datos como: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, FAO, ONU, ENSANUT, Salud Pública de México y CONACYT. La búsqueda de información se realizó de noviembre de 2021 a mayo de 2022, se consideraron artículos publicados a partir de marzo de 2020 y en relación con el periodo de contingencia sanitaria. Para la búsqueda se empleó una ecuación de búsqueda y, además, se aplicó la evaluación metodológica de Munns y cols. Fueron incluidos artículos en idioma español e inglés, con contenido referente a México.
Resultados: Se identificaron 274 artículos en bases de datos, a partir de los criterios de elegibilidad se contemplaron encuestas y/o artículos sobre nutrición, seguridad alimentaria y estilo vida durante la pandemia en México. Se excluyeron artículos por tener otro diseño de estudio (2), título (100), resumen (82), información no relevante (54) y (9) por texto completo, debido a que no cumplían con las características propuestas. Finalmente se seleccionaron 10 artículos para la revisión de literatura. Con esto, los datos mostraron que la pandemia por COVID-19 provocó diversas afectaciones en el territorio mexicano, esto se evidenció tras un incremento de la inseguridad alimentaria y cambios en el estilo de vida.
Conclusiones: La seguridad alimentaria y nutrición de los individuos se vieron afectados en la población mexicana, debido a cuestiones económicas, cambios en los patrones alimentarios, además de pérdidas de empleo y pérdidas de ingresos.
Neuroprotective effects of crocin and crocin-loaded niosomes against the paraquat-induced oxidative brain damage in rats
Authors: Daneshvar Afsoon , Jouzdani Ali Fathi , Firozian Farzin , Asl Sara Soleimani , Mohammadi Mojdeh , Ranjbar Akram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective herbicide that induces oxidative reactions and multiple-organ failure on exposure. Crocin, a carotenoid obtained from saffron, has demonstrated many therapeutic effects against neural conditions because of its antioxidant properties. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups to evaluate the protective effects of crocin and crocin-loaded niosomes (NC) against PQ in the brain. The levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were measured as the markers of redox status. Histopathological changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were evaluated by cresyl violet staining. Results indicated that both crocin and NC were able to attenuate the adverse effects of PQ at the histopathological level, which was following the changes in LPO (P < 0.0001), TAC (P < 0.01), and TTG (P < 0.05) level. The activity of CAT (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.01) could be restored either by crocin or NC. Also, results indicated that nanoformulation of crocin in niosomes appears to be more promising. In conclusion, both crocin and NC showed favourable effects of PQ in the brain of rats, and were determined to be excellent agents to prevent acute toxicities of PQ. Furthermore, these two compounds can be known to provide neuroprotection.
Role of cerebellar cortex in associative learning and memory in guinea pigs
Authors: Li Rui , Li Qi , Chu Xiaolei , Li Lan , Li Xiaoyi , Li Juan , Yang Zhen , Xu Mingjing , Luo Changlu , Zhang Kui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Time-related cognitive function refers to the capacity of the brain to store, extract, and process specific information. Previous studies demonstrated that the cerebellar cortex participates in advanced cognitive functions, but the role of the cerebellar cortex in cognitive functions is unclear. We established a behavioral model using classical eyeblink conditioning to study the role of the cerebellar cortex in associative learning and memory and the underlying mechanisms. We performed an investigation to determine whether eyeblink conditioning could be established by placing the stimulating electrode in the middle cerebellar peduncle. Behavior training was performed using a microcurrent pulse as a conditioned stimulus to stimulate the middle cerebellar peduncle and corneal blow as an unconditioned stimulus. After 10 consecutive days of training, a conditioned response was successfully achieved in the Delay, Trace-200-ms, and Trace-300-ms groups of guinea pigs, with acquisition rates of >60%, but the Trace-400-ms and control groups did not achieve a conditioned stimulus-related blink conditioned response. It could be a good model for studying the function of the cerebellum during the establishment of eyeblink conditioning.
Optical bone densitometry insensitive to skin thickness
Authors: Miura Kaname , Khantachawana Anak , Wakamori Tsuyoshi , Matsubara Hidenori , Tanaka Shigeo M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Skin thickness, including the adipose layer, which varies from individual to individual, affects the bone density measurement using light. In this study, we proposed a method to measure skin thickness using light and to correct the bias caused by differences in skin thickness and verified the proposed method by experiments using a phantom. We measured simulated skin of different thicknesses and bovine trabecular bone of different bone mineral densities (BMDs) using an optical system consisting of lasers of 850 and 515 nm wavelengths, lenses, and slits. Although the slope of the light intensity distribution formed on the surface of the material when irradiated by the 850 nm laser is affected by the thickness of the skin phantom. The difference of the intensity distribution peaks (δy) between the 850 and 515 nm lasers was strongly correlated with the thickness of the skin phantom. The coefficient of determination between the measurements and the BMD was improved by correcting the 850 nm laser measurements with δy. This result suggests that the method is applicable to optical bone densitometry, which is insensitive to differences in skin thickness.
Effect of plasma treatment on the surface characteristics and adhesive penetration performance of heat-treated wood
Authors: Huang Yaqian , Wang Junfeng , Zhan Xianxu , Mei Changtong , Li Wanzhao , Deng Yuhe , Wang Xinzhou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study used an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment to modify the interfacial properties of heat-treated wood (HTW). The changes in the wood surface characteristics, such as the microstructure, chemical structure, and wettability, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Further, the fluorescent tracer technique was used to analyze the effect of plasma treatment on the adhesive penetration inwood. Results showed that the wettability of water and phenol-formaldehyde adhesives on the surface of HTW significantly improved after plasma treatment due to the increase in the hydrophilic and oxygen-containing functional groups. The average penetration (AP) and effective penetration (EP) of the phenolic adhesive into HTW also increased significantly after plasma treatment; the AP value of the E-E (earlywood bound to earlywood) HTW samples increased from 909 to 1674 μm, and the EP value from 60 to 183 μm upon plasma treatment. These observations indicate that the DBD plasma treatment is a promising method to improve the bonding properties of the glued HTW products.
Finding the right balance: student perceptions of using virtual simulation as a community placement
Authors: Wik Victoria , Barfield Samuel , Cornwall Morgan , Lajoie Rachel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Finding appropriate community clinical placements has been challenging in recent years, most especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 2020-2021 semesters, a university in the province of Alberta, Canada chose to use the community health virtual simulation program, Sentinel City®3.1, to provide clinical placements for three groups of undergraduate students. This expository paper, co-authored by students and faculty, sought to further explore how virtual simulation can be used to best support student learning by identifying practices that students find most helpful.

Method
Jeffries’ (2005) simulation framework was used to guide a quality improvement analysis which explored feedback received from 16 students regarding the use of Sentinel City®3.1 as a clinical placement, with additional contributions from the student co-authors.

Results
Students felt Sentinel City®3.1 was an effective tool to learn community and population health concepts, however, all students indicated that they would have preferred more opportunities to work with real communities.

Conclusion
Virtual simulation programs like Sentinel City®3.1 might be best as a learning supplement rather than as students’ sole clinical placement experience.
The Political Economy of Bilateral Lending from Emerging Creditors
Authors: Morgan Pippa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A paucity of data has thus far made systematic comparative analysis of emerging bilateral creditors a major challenge. In this study I take advantage of new World Bank data on the sovereign creditors of low- and middle-income countries to map the distribution of lending from the key emerging bilateral official creditors during the 21st century, focusing on the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). I then statistically analyze the political and economic factors that drive BRICs’ lending and investigate whether their motivations and terms are different from each other and from “traditional” creditors. The results suggest that concerns about the BRICs using bilateral credit as a foreign policy tool may be overblown. Instead, BRICs official loan commitments are driven by their trading ties with borrowers, and are complements to rather than substitutes for traditional lenders. However, the results also show that countries which borrow proportionately more from the BRICs face significantly less concessional terms on their official external debts compared to borrowing from traditional OECD lenders. Given the growing importance of emerging bilateral creditors, systematic comparative understanding of their motives and behavior has substantial policy relevance, in particular amid COVID-19 induced economic distress across much of the developing world.
Assessing the vibration response of foundation embedment in gypseous soil
Authors: Hussein Mazin Ali , Zedan Adnan Jayed , Al-Obaydi Moataz A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the most critical engineering problems that occur in the foundations of machines resting on soil is the problem of the transmission of vibration from the machine to the foundation and then to the soil. This leads to increased stresses on the soil layers and increased settlement as well. In this article, an experimental model of the foundation of a rotary machine foundation located on gypseous sandy soil (36% gypsum content) has been studied. The weight of the machine model with the foundation was 26 kPa subjected to 10 Hz frequency. The study comprises investigating the effect of embedment depth on the behavior of the rotary machine foundation. The results indicated that resting the foundation on the surface of the soil leads to an increase in the amplitude displacement and the pressure in the region under the foundation. The increased embedment of the foundation to half the thickness of the foundation (0.5H) leads to a reduction in the displacement of the foundation. The amplitude displacement values remained within the permissible limits, while the settlement decreased about 37%. The increased embedment of the foundation to 1.0H gives more stability to the foundation, and increases the pressure in the soil layers, while the settlement decreases about 50%.
A Note on Law and Economics of Legal Deposit Systems
Authors: Shiozaki Ryo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow can documentary heritage institutions protect the rights of publishers and creators while archiving their digital works for future generations? Is such an intervention of collecting, archiving and making available digital work justifiable and, if so, why? A legal deposit system is implemented in most national libraries to balance protecting rights holders and guaranteeing public interest. However, the expansion of collection coverage such as e-books and social media content has resulted in legal and ethical conflicts. Legal and economic approaches can convert legal conflicts into analysable trade-off phenomena. Therefore, we explore whether and to what extent economic reasoning applies to the legislative process. This is primarily for electronic legal deposit systems, specifically focusing on copyright and privacy issues. For copyright, legal deposits serve a public domain function and a correction function for market failures. Preserving the function of legal deposits can mitigate legal and ethical risks over time. However, such risks remain, as long as privacy is subjective and contextual. Even if documentary heritage institutions are granted legislative authority to collect digital work mandatorily, they must pursue other methods to minimise such risks. This suggests that collection coverage diversifies between countries and regions.
A duality of belief in conspiracy theories amplification: how active communicative actions work differently by trust in the Trump and Biden administrations
Authors: Lee Hyelim , Andreu Perez Loarre , Kim Jeong-Nam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe digital setting empowers users to actively engage in communicative actions. The problem is that this active communication can increase misjudgment in determining the facts around social issues. When this communication is integrated with partisan biases, the effects can be particularly detrimental. Our study tested whether active communication actions regarding social issues and different trust levels toward presidential administrations (Trump vs. Biden) would increase belief in conspiracy theories.Design/methodology/approachTo examine this, the study used online survey datasets (Amazon Mechanical Turk,N = 1355) collected during July and August 2021 concerning three political issues: the Afghanistan issue, the Black Lives Matter issue, and the Voter Fraud issue.FindingsThe findings show that among participants with more active communication actions, the higher Trump government trust is and the lower Biden government trust is, the more belief in conspiracy theories increases. Interestingly, interaction effects of trust in government and active communicative actions were found among both Trump and Biden supporters.Practical/Social ImplicationsCombined with preexisting efforts to tackle misinformation online, there are extensive efforts underway to educate laypeople about the dangers of misinformation. People must understand that any person could fall into belief in conspiracy theories if they do not carefully diagnose their information behaviors.Originality/ValueOur study can increase knowledge about people’s situational belief in conspiracy theories based on their political stance. The study can support future research, promoting a deeper understanding of belief in conspiracy theories.
Constructing future parental suitability: prospective adoptive parents’ communicative strategies in adoption assessment interviews
Authors: Wirzén Madeleine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines how Swedish prospective adoptive parents display parental suitability in assessment interviews with social workers. In adoption assessment interviews, applicants are invited, through question-and-answer sequences, to present their knowledge about adoption-related issues and demonstrate their suitability as future adoptive parents. Adoption applicants are also faced with social workers’ attempts to prepare them for future parenthood with advice and guidance. In this high-stakes interaction, however, guidance might indicate the applicants’ lack of central knowledge or insights, which can have potential face-threatening consequences. The data consist of 36 hours of audio recorded assessment interviews. Using interaction analytical methods, the analysis shows how adoption applicants engage in the multi-layered task of managing social workers’ guidance while also demonstrating parental suitability. Adoption applicants are found to take on the perspectives presented by social workers, and simultaneously to maintain their own standpoint, using a two-step procedure: (i) they eagerly claim their knowledge and align with the social worker, and (ii) they demonstrate their adoption-specific knowledge or personal characteristics that support the presentation of their parental suitability. The findings provide insights into the practice of assessing prospective adoptive parents and contribute to the understanding of how applicants establish their self-presentations as suitable future parents while adjusting to institutional requirements in situ.
Modernising the village
Authors: Kunkel Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article analyses the development of state-controlled farms in Ghana in the 1960s. To boost the economy of the new nation, Nkrumah focused on agricultural development for the export and domestic markets to increase national revenue but also availability of affordable foodstuffs through state farms and co-operative farms. These farms became rural sites of modernisation, as modern and mechanised agricultural farming methods were implemented. Farm machinery and vehicles were visible and tangible signs of progress and modernity. This in combination with the unprecedented employment opportunities on state-controlled farms created support for Nkrumah in rural areas, thereby fostering state-society relations. The article is specifically interested in state-led post-independence agricultural modernisation, and contributes a rural perspective on processes of decolonisation, rural nation-building, and the transition to socialism.
The Tail of the Mouse Striatum Contains a Novel Large Type of GABAergic Neuron Incorporated in a Unique Disinhibitory Pathway That Relays Auditory Signals to Subcortical Nuclei
Authors: Ogata Shigeru , Miyamoto Yuta , Shigematsu Naoki , Esumi Shigeyuki , Fukuda Takaichi 
Published: September 2022

The most caudal part of the striatum in rodents, the tail of the striatum (TS), has many features that distinguish it from the rostral striatum, such as its biased distributions of dopamine receptor subtypes, lack of striosomes and matrix compartmentalization, and involvement in sound-driven behaviors. However, information regarding the TS is still limited. We demonstrate in this article that the TS of the male mouse contains GABAergic neurons of a novel type that were detected immunohistochemically with the neurofilament marker SMI-32. Their somata were larger than cholinergic giant aspiny neurons, were located in a narrow space adjacent to the globus pallidus (GP), and extended long dendrites laterally toward the intermediate division (ID) of the trilaminar part of the TS, the region targeted by axons from the primary auditory cortex (A1). Although vesicular glutamate transporter 1-positive cortical axon terminals rarely contacted these TS large (TSL) neurons, glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive and enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons densely covered somata and dendrites of TSL neurons, forming symmetrical synapses. Analyses of GAD67-CrePR knock-in mice revealed that these axonal boutons originated from nearby medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the ID. All MSNs examined in the ID in turn received inputs from the A1. Retrograde tracers injected into the rostral zona incerta and ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus labeled somata of TSL neurons. TSL neurons share many morphological features with GP neurons, but their strategically located dendrites receive inputs from closely located MSNs in the ID, suggesting faster responses than distant GP neurons to facilitate auditory-evoked, prompt disinhibition in their targets.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study describes a newly found population of neurons in the mouse striatum, the brain region responsible for appropriate behaviors. They are large GABAergic neurons located in the most caudal part of the striatum [tail of the striatum (TS)]. These TS large (TSL) neurons extended dendrites toward a particular region of the TS where axons from the primary auditory cortex (A1) terminated. These dendrites received direct synaptic inputs heavily from nearby GABAergic neurons of the striatum that in turn received inputs from the A1. TSL neurons sent axons to two subcortical regions outside basal ganglia, one of which is related to arousal. Specialized connectivity of TSL neurons suggests prompt disinhibitory actions on their targets to facilitate sound-evoked characteristic behaviors.