bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Redox Chemistry of a Homoleptic Iron Arsenic Prismane Cluster
Authors: Riesinger Christoph , Dütsch Luis , Scheer Manfred 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe redox chemistry of the homoleptic iron prismane cluster [{Cp*Fe}3(μ3,η4:4:4‐As6)] (A, Cp*=C5Me5) is investigated both electrochemically and synthetically. While its first oxidation leads to the diamagnetic species [{Cp*Fe}3(μ3,η4:4:4‐As6)][X] ([1][TEF], [1][FAl], [TEF]−=[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−, [FAl]−=[FAl{O(1‐C6F5)C6F10}3]−), the second oxidation yields the paramagnetic [{Cp*Fe}3(μ3,η4:4:4‐As6)][TEF]2 ([2][TEF]2). The reduction of A leads to the monoanionic compound [K@[2.2.2]‐cryptand][{Cp*Fe}3(μ3,η4:4:4‐As6)] ([K@crypt][3]), while a second reduction could only be traced spectroscopically. All compounds were comprehensively characterized, revealing the structural changes accompanying the described redox processes. All findings are supported by spectroscopic as well as computational studies.
Introduction: Game History and the Local
Authors: Swalwell Melanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLocality has largely been left out of game history. That many histories have been written by journalists and ‘insiders’, largely accepting the game industry’s ‘global’ rhetoric, has no doubt contributed to this situation. An appreciation of socio-cultural and geographic specificity is important to develop if other histories are to be told. But the local also needs to be critically situated if it is not to simply become a new orthodoxy, celebrated for its own sake. This chapter critiques game history’s silence with respect to locality, poses questions about the critical potential of locality for game history, and surveys the different figures of locality that are brought together in the anthology.
Closing Thoughts
Authors: Marcus Pamela M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost researchers believe that earlier detection due to cancer screening has led to some reduction in cancer mortality, though there is widespread disagreement as to the degree of its impact. There is general agreement, however, that cancer screening programs impact health care spending and availability of resources yet benefit only a few of those who are screened. There is less agreement regarding what constitutes benefit and harm, and even less regarding the acceptable ratio of harm to benefit. The predominant feeling among individuals in the general public is that cancer screening is important and worthwhile, an assumption that in reality is often tenuous. Appreciation of the material presented in this primer is key to making informed decisions about cancer screening practices.
Digitales Lernen – Welche Rolle spielt die Privatheit der Daten von Schüler:innen bei der Nutzung von Lernsoftware?
Authors: Meinert Judith , Krämer Nicole C. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung von Smartphones und Tablets ermöglicht auch den Zugang zu Applikationen zum Lernen und Vertiefen von Schulinhalten. Allerdings werden dabei zwangsläufig eine große Anzahl persönlicher Daten gesammelt. Hierbei kann es sich um demografische Daten, administrative Informationen, Daten aus Interaktionen und individuelle Daten wie das Vorwissen oder Testergebnisse handeln. Da die Funktionsweise solcher Lernsysteme oftmals intransparent ist, stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Kinder und Jugendliche die Bedrohung ihrer Privatheit in horizontaler (durch die Einblicke von Lehr:innen, Eltern und Mitschüler:innen in sensible Leistungsdaten) und vertikaler (durch die kommerzielle Nutzung und Weitergabe an Unternehmen) Hinsicht wahrnehmen. Im Rahmen einer empirischen Befragung von Schüler:innen sowie von Lehrkräften und Eltern wird deshalb untersucht, in welchem Umfang Lernsoftware in den Schulen und Zuhause genutzt wird, und, ob Kenntnisse über potenzielle Bedrohungen der persönlichen Daten durch die Speicherung und Weitergabe bei der Nutzung von Lernsoftware existieren und welche Schutzmaßnahmen im Zuge dessen ergriffen werden, um die eigenen Daten zu schützen.
Ausprägungen von Uploadfiltern
Authors: Steinebach Martin 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungUploadfilter sind in der jüngeren Vergangenheit Gegenstand von zahlreichen Diskussionen geworden, die teilweise verschiedene Aus-prägungen dieser Systeme vermischen und oft nur unzureichend auf die Herausforderungen und Limitierungen eingehen. In diesem Beitrag soll daher das Thema strukturiert werden, um die Möglichkeiten und Risiken, die bei einem Einsatz von Uploadfiltern entstehen, zu strukturieren. Diese Filter können entweder Inhalte wiedererkennen, was vergleichsweise einfach ist und niedrige Fehlerraten aufweist, oder sie sollen auch Ähnlichkeit erkennen können, wodurch die Fehler ansteigen. Wiedererkennen ist eine beispielsweise Aufgabe bei Urheberrechtsverletzungen, Ähnlichkeit bei Hate Speech. Die Fehlerraten reichen dabei vom Promille bei zu zweistelligen Prozenten und haben dadurch deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Praktikabilität und Auswirkungen der Lösungen. So kann ein autonomer Einsatz in sozialen Medien zu einer hohe Anzahl Fehleinschätzungen führen, was wiederum manuelle Kontrolle erfordert.
Subleading bounds on chaos
Authors: Kundu Sandipan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chaos, in quantum systems, can be diagnosed by certain out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) that obey the chaos bound of Maldacena, Shenker, and Stanford (MSS). We begin by deriving a dispersion relation for this class of OTOCs, implying that they must satisfy many more constraints beyond the MSS bound. Motivated by this observation, we perform a systematic analysis obtaining an infinite set of constraints on the OTOC. This infinite set includes the MSS bound as the leading constraint. In addition, it also contains subleading bounds that are highly constraining, especially when the MSS bound is saturated by the leading term. These new bounds, among other things, imply that the MSS bound cannot be exactly saturated over any duration of time, however short. Furthermore, we derive a sharp bound on the Lyapunov exponent λ2 ≤ $$ \frac{6\pi }{\beta } $$

6
π

β

of the subleading correction to maximal chaos.
Boosted decision trees in the era of new physics: a smuon analysis case study
Authors: Cornell Alan S. , Doorsamy Wesley , Fuks Benjamin , Harmsen Gerhard , Mason Lara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMachine learning algorithms are growing increasingly popular in particle physics analyses, where they are used for their ability to solve difficult classification and regression problems. While the tools are very powerful, they may often be under- or mis-utilised. In the following, we investigate the use of gradient boosting techniques as applicable to a generic particle physics problem. We use as an example a Beyond the Standard Model smuon collider analysis which applies to both current and future hadron colliders, and we compare our results to a traditional cut-and-count approach. In particular, we interrogate the use of metrics in imbalanced datasets which are characteristic of high energy physics problems, offering an alternative to the widely used area under the curve (auc) metric through a novel use of theF-scoremetric. We present an in-depth comparison of feature selection and investigation using a principal component analysis, Shapley values, and feature permutation methods in a way which we hope will be widely applicable to future particle physics analyses. Moreover, we show that a machine learning model can extend the 95% confidence level exclusions obtained in a traditional cut-and-count analysis, while potentially bypassing the need for complicated feature selections. Finally, we discuss the possibility of constructing a general machine learning model which is applicable to probe a two-dimensional mass plane.
Brownian Motion, Martingales and Itô Formula in Clifford Analysis
Authors: Bernstein Swanhild , Legatiuk Dmitrii 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClifford analysis has been the field of active research for several decades resulting in various methods to solve problems in pure and applied mathematics. However, the area of stochastic analysis has not been addressed in its full generality in the Clifford setting, since only a few contributions have been presented so far. Considering that the tools of stochastic analysis play an important role in the study of objects, such as positive definite functions, reproducing kernels and partial differential equations, it is important to develop tools for the study of these objects in the context of Clifford analysis. Therefore, in this work-in-progress paper, we present further steps towards stochastic Clifford analysis by studying random variables, martingales, Brownian motion, and Itô formula in the Clifford setting, as well as their applications in Clifford analysis.
Stress State in the Source Region of Mw2.2 Earthquake in a Deep Gold Mine in South Africa Determined from Borehole Cores
Authors: Yabe Yasuo , Abe Shuhei , Hofmann Gerhard , Roberts Dave , Yilmaz Halil , Ogasawara Hiroshi , Ito Takatoshi , Funato Akio , Nakatani Masao , Naoi Makoto , Durrheim Raymond 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn December 2007, an Mw2.2 earthquake occurred in a gabbroic dike at 3.3 km depth in a deep gold mine in South Africa. The fore- and aftershock activity was analyzed in an effort to understand the preparation and generation processes of earthquakes; these findings have already been published. The present paper focuses on the stress state in the source region of the mainshock. A 90-m-long borehole across the mainshock fault was drilled ~ 1.5 years after the mainshock and logged by an optical televiewer. The fault can be identified by severe damage to the borehole wall at the point where the borehole intersected the aftershock cluster. Except for a 10-m section in the hanging wall of the fault, borehole cores were fully recovered. Borehole breakout (BO) and core disking (CD) were found to occur. Two stress measurement techniques [Deformation Rate Analysis (DRA) and Diametrical Core Deformation Analysis (DCDA)] were applied to the borehole cores. By combining their results with occurrence criteria for BO and CD, the principal stress state in the source region of the mainshock was determined. The principal directions in the hanging wall of the fault were nearly identical to the virgin stress state, while it was significantly disturbed in the footwall. The vertical stresses were 106 MPa and 40 MPa in the hanging wall and footwall, respectively. The significant difference in the vertical stress between the two sides of the fault can be explained by the stress redistribution associated with a nonuniform slip on a nonplanar fault.
Vertrauen als Grundlage einer erfolgreichen institutionellen Risikokommunikation
Authors: Renn Ortwin 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Erfolg der Krisen- und Risikokommunikation einer Institution beruht auf einer offenen und dialogorientierten Kommunikationspolitik sowie auf einer Kongruenz zwischen den Erwartungen, die ihr gegenüber gehegt werden, und deren Erfüllung. Zentral für die Verständigung mit anderen Akteuren und mit der Bevölkerung ist ein gegenseitiges Vertrauensverhältnis. In diesem Beitrag werden Faktoren beschrieben, die maßgeblich dafür verantwortlich sind, ob und in welchem Ausmaß Institutionen eine Vertrauensbasis und Glaubwürdigkeit schaffen können. Es wird diskutiert, wie eine vertrauensvolle Risikokommunikation auch in Krisenzeiten gelingen kann.Gelingende Risikokommunikation ist an ein Verfahren gebunden, das Glaubwürdigkeit und Kompetenz durch Offenheit der Ergebnisse, überzeugende Vermittlung von wissenschaftlicher Evidenz, den Einbezug pluraler Werte und Kriterien sowie die Synthese von System- und Orientierungswissen vermittelt. Angesichts der Unsicherheit von Wissen und der Unübersichtlichkeit der Kommunikationsvorgänge in der Gesellschaft ist diese Aufgabe nicht leicht zu erfüllen. Trotz dieser Schwierigkeiten können Institutionen der Risikobewertung und -regulierung durch geschickte Koalitionsbildung mit Organisationen und Gruppen mit hohem Vertrauenspotenzial, durch transparente, ergebnisoffene Formen der Kommunikation und durch die Einbindung von Stakeholdern und betroffenen Individuen in das Risikomanagement Vertrauen aufbauen und über die Zeit verstetigen.
Beyond Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol: chemical differentiation of cannabis varieties applying targeted and untargeted analysis
Authors: Monti Manuela Carla , Frei Priska , Weber Sophie , Scheurer Eva , Mercer-Chalmers-Bender Katja 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCannabis sativa (C. sativa) is commonly chemically classified based on its Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) content ratios. However, the plant contains nearly 150 additional cannabinoids, referred to as minor cannabinoids. Minor cannabinoids are gaining interest for improved plant and product characterization, e.g., for medical use, and bioanalytical questions in the medico-legal field. This study describes the development and validation of an analytical method for the elucidation of minor cannabinoid fingerprints, employing liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was used to characterize inflorescences from 18 different varieties of C. sativa, which were cultivated under the same standardized conditions. Complementing the targeted detection of 15 cannabinoids, untargeted metabolomics employing in silico assisted data analysis was used to detect additional plant ingredients with focus on cannabinoids. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate differences between varieties. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the ability of targeted and non-targeted metabolomics using the mentioned techniques to distinguish cannabis varieties from each other by their minor cannabinoid fingerprint. Quantitative determination of targeted cannabinoids already gave valuable information on cannabinoid fingerprints as well as inter- and intra-variety variability of cannabinoid contents. The untargeted workflow led to the detection of 19 additional compounds. PCA of the targeted and untargeted datasets revealed further subgroups extending commonly applied phenotype classification systems of cannabis. This study presents an analytical method for the comprehensive characterization of C. sativa varieties.
Graphical abstract
Investigating the sense of agency and its relation to subclinical traits using a novel task
Authors: Penton Tegan , Wang Xingquan , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTasks measuring the sense of agency often manipulate the predictability of action outcomes by introducing spatial deviation. However, the extent to which spatial predictability of an outcome influences the sense of agency when spatial deviation is controlled for remains untested. We used a novel task to investigate the effect of several factors (action–outcome contingency, spatial deviation, and spatial predictability when controlling for spatial deviation of action outcomes) on the sense of agency. We also investigated trait predictors of metacognition of agency—the degree to which participants’ confidence in their agency judgements corresponds to the accuracy of those judgements. Initial and replication samples completed contingency, deviation, and predictability versions of the task. Across samples, participants’ sense of agency was impacted by action–outcome contingency and spatial deviation of action outcomes. Manipulation of the spatial predictability of action outcomes did not reliably impact the sense of agency. Metacognition of agency was related to alexithymic traits—higher alexithymia scores were associated with reduced metacognition of agency.
Moisture absorption and spectroscopic studies of epoxy clay nanocomposite
Authors: Muralishwara K. , Sudhakar Y. N. , Kini U. Achutha , Sharma Sathyashankara , Gurumurthy B. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEpoxy resins are prone to serious moisture absorption inspite of their inherent advantages, which can be mitigated by the incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay that provide tortuous path to flow of moisture. Moisture absorption studies of epoxy clay nanocomposites is carried out, to analyse the effect of nanoclay content, immersion media and immersion temperature. Nanocomposites prepared in 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt% using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication and neat epoxy specimen were immersed in distilled water and artificial seawater maintained at 28 and 38 °C till saturation. Fick’s and Langmuir’s models were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters from the water absorption graphs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) characterizations were performed. Diffusivity is least for nanocomposite containing 0.5 wt% nanoclay at both temperatures in both medium. However, it is least when the medium is distilled water. As the temperature of immersion medium increases, the diffusivity also increases. Saturation moisture uptake increased with increase in nanoclay content, because of the residual hydrophilic nature of nanoclay. AFM and XRD analysis revealed better dispersion and exfoliated structure of nanoclay respectively at 0.5 wt% loading. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to identify the chemical bonds that helped in proposing the reaction mechanism of the nanocomposite synthesis. Spectra comparison of dry and wet specimens complimented the moisture absorption data by showing lower infrared transmittance in wet specimens. With Increase in nanoclay content, the transmittance decreased corresponding to increase in saturation moisture uptake for distilled water immersed specimens. SEM–EDX analysis distinguished between the cations entered from the artificial seawater and cations that were still present in the nanoclay.
Robust perceptual-load-dependent audiovisual integration in adult ADHD
Authors: Schulze Marcel , Aslan Behrem , Jung Paul , Lux Silke , Philipsen Alexandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe perceive our daily-life surrounded by different senses (e.g., visual, and auditory). For a coherent percept, our brain binds those multiple streams of sensory stimulations, i.e., multisensory integration (MI). Dependent on stimulus complexity, early MI is triggered by bottom–up or late via top–down attentional deployment. Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with successful bottom–up MI and deficient top–down MI. In the current study, we investigated the robustness of the bottom–up MI by adding additional task demand varying the perceptual load. We hypothesized diminished bottom–up MI for high perceptual load for patients with ADHD. 18 adult patients with ADHD and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in this study. In the visual search paradigm, a target letter was surrounded by uniform distractors (low load) or by different letters (high load). Additionally, either unimodal (visual flash, auditory beep) or multimodal (audiovisual) flanked the visual search. Linear-mixed modeling was used to investigate the influence of load on reaction times. Further, the race model inequality was calculated. Patients with ADHD showed a similar degree of MI performance like healthy controls, irrespective of perceptual load manipulation. ADHD patients violated the race model for the low load but not for the high-load condition. There seems to be robust bottom–up MI independent of perceptual load in ADHD patients. However, the sensory accumulation might be altered when attentional demands are high.
Neurological update: consult the neurosurgical oracle for a standard operating procedure
Authors: Goedemans Taco , Verberk Janneke D. M. , van den Munckhof Pepijn , Buis Dennis R. , Vandertop W. Peter , de Korte Antonius M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStandard operating procedures (SOPs) contain general instructions and principles to standardize care, to improve effective and safe healthcare. Developing new, or updating current, SOPs is, however, challenging in fields where high-level evidence is limited. Still, SOPs alone have been shown to result in less complications. In this narrative review, we describe the process of creating a consensus-based SOP that is pragmatic for clinical practice since it can be created regardless of the current level of evidence. Through live audience engagement platforms, a group of experts will be able to both anonymously respond to a created questionnaire, and (subsequently) discuss the results within the same meeting. This modified Digital Delphi method as described here can be used as a tool toward consensus-based healthcare.
Transcriptomic and proteomic data provide new insights into cold-treated potato tubers with T- and D-type cytoplasm
Authors: Szajko Katarzyna , Sołtys-Kalina Dorota , Heidorn-Czarna Małgorzata , Smyda-Dajmund Paulina , Wasilewicz-Flis Iwona , Jańska Hanna , Marczewski Waldemar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Tuber-omics in potato with the T- and D-types of cytoplasm showed different sets of differentially expressed genes and proteins in response to cold storage.

Abstract
For the first time, we report differences in gene and protein expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers possessing the T- or D-type cytoplasm. Two F1 diploid reciprocal populations, referred to as T and D, were used. The pooling strategy was applied for detection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in tubers consisting of extreme chip colour after cold storage. RNA and protein bulks were constructed from contrasting phenotypes. We recognized 48 and 15 DEGs for the T and D progenies, respectively. DEPs were identified in the amyloplast and mitochondrial fractions. In the T-type cytoplasm, only 2 amyloplast-associated and 5 mitochondria-associated DEPs were detected. Of 37 mitochondria-associated DEPs in the D-type cytoplasm, there were 36 downregulated DEPs in the dark chip colour bulks. These findings suggest that T- and D-type of cytoplasm might influence sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato tubers in different ways. We showed that the mt/nucDNA ratio was higher in D-possessing tubers after cold storage than in T progeny. For the D-type cytoplasm, the pt/nucDNA ratio was higher for tubers characterized by dark chip colour than for those with light chip colour. Our findings suggest that T- and D-type cytoplasm might influence sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato tubers in different ways.