bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Amundin Mats , Carlström Julia , Thomas Len , Carlén Ida , Koblitz Jens , Teilmann Jonas , Tougaard Jakob , Tregenza Nick , Wennerberg Daniel , Loisa Olli , Brundiers Katharina , Kosecka Monika , Kyhn Line A. , Tiberi Ljungqvist Cinthia , Sveegaard Signe , Burt M. Louise , Pawliczka Iwona , Jussi Ivar , Koza Radomil , Arciszewski Bartlomiej , Galatius Anders , Jabbusch Martin , Laaksonlaita Jussi , Lyytinen Sami , Niemi Jussi , Šaškov Aleksej , MacAuley Jamie , Wright Andrew J. , Gallus Anja , Blankett Penina , Dähne Michael , Acevedo‐Gutiérrez Alejandro , Benke Harald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKnowing the abundance of a population is a crucial component to assess its conservation status and develop effective conservation plans. For most cetaceans, abundance estimation is difficult given their cryptic and mobile nature, especially when the population is small and has a transnational distribution. In the Baltic Sea, the number of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) has collapsed since the mid‐20th century and the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN and HELCOM; however, its abundance remains unknown. Here, one of the largest ever passive acoustic monitoring studies was carried out by eight Baltic Sea nations to estimate the abundance of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise for the first time. By logging porpoise echolocation signals at 298 stations during May 2011–April 2013, calibrating the loggers’ spatial detection performance at sea, and measuring the click rate of tagged individuals, we estimated an abundance of 71–1105 individuals (95% CI, point estimate 491) during May–October within the population's proposed management border. The small abundance estimate strongly supports that the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is facing an extremely high risk of extinction, and highlights the need for immediate and efficient conservation actions through international cooperation. It also provides a starting point in monitoring the trend of the population abundance to evaluate the effectiveness of management measures and determine its interactions with the larger neighboring Belt Sea population. Further, we offer evidence that design‐based passive acoustic monitoring can generate reliable estimates of the abundance of rare and cryptic animal populations across large spatial scales.
Sapling growth gradients interact with homogeneous disturbance regimes to explain savanna tree cover discontinuities
Authors: Holdo Ricardo M. , Donaldson Jason E. , Rugemalila Deusdedith M. , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSavanna tree cover often exhibits sudden discontinuities across space. It has been proposed that local spatial processes imposed by variation in tree cover itself (as opposed to by external drivers such as edaphic variation) can reinforce such discontinuities. Despite this, we generally lack data on tree demography and the environmental drivers affecting the former as a function of tree neighborhoods in these systems. Given the importance of disturbance traps in savannas, spatial processes affecting the likelihood of escape from the seedling/sapling stage to the adult tree stage are likely to be critical. In a longitudinal survey of 800 saplings distributed along eight 1‐km transects spanning woodland–grassland transitions in Serengeti National Park, we found a positive association between tree cover and sapling growth and survival, but no relationship with sapling abundance, maximum tree height, disturbance, or topkill. Based on microclimate and soil moisture dynamics data, we found no evidence to suggest that tree cover itself drives variation in growth. Based on a prior analysis of soil properties along these transects, we hypothesized that underlying edaphic conditions may be responsible for variation in growth. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, we used simulations to show that subtle growth rate gradients interacted with intense disturbance regimes to produce sharp discontinuities in tree cover, with strong demographic bottlenecks where growth is slowest, explaining the observed patterns of tree cover along the transects. Our results indicated that disturbance and herbivory are equally intense in areas of high and low tree cover, and that although trees have the potential to successfully establish and reach adulthood in open, grassy sites, they grow too slowly to escape disturbance traps there. Importantly, we showed that although herbivory and fire are fundamental for explaining savanna structural patterns, their effects are not necessarily reinforced by tree cover itself.
Living with endometriosis: Comorbid pain disorders, characteristics of pain and relevance for daily life
Authors: Leuenberger Janine , Kohl Schwartz Alexandra Sabrina , Geraedts Kirsten , Haeberlin Felix , Eberhard Markus , von Orellie Stefanie , Imesch Patrick , Leeners Brigitte 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain plays a central role in endometriosis. The complex relationship among pain characteristics, comorbid pain disorders and daily life represents a challenge for medical support. This multicentre cross‐sectional case–control study analysed the association between endometriosis‐related chronic pain and functions of daily life in 510 women with endometriosis, 265 (52%) who experienced chronic pain, either from endometriosis alone (N = 134, 26.3%) or in association with additional pain disorders (N = 131, 25.7%).MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaires from the Brief Pain Inventory and the Pain Disability Index were used to investigate associations between pain characteristics (frequency, duration, intensity) and daily life. Also, associations between different endometriosis characteristics (rASRM stage, presence of adhesions, localisation of lesions) and pain were evaluated.ResultsChronic pain is negatively associated with almost all (12/14) aspects of daily life investigated, including standing, walking, sitting, defaecation, sleep, sports activities, family and domestic responsibilities, sexuality, social functioning, professional life, mood, and joy of life. Altogether, 33.7% of women with chronic pain reported moderate and 27.5% severe limitations. Comorbid pain disorders resulted in significantly more limitations. The length of pain episodes showed a particularly important influence, especially for family/domestic responsibilities (OR 22.94, p < 0.001), professional life (OR 16.56, p < 0.001) and social functioning (OR 41.03, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur data confirm that despite treatment, about 50% of women experience pain. Pain was associated with at least moderate negative effects on almost all areas of daily life; additional pain comorbidities increased limitations. Improving pain management is essential for improving quality of life in women with endometriosis.SignificanceThe study provides an accurate overview of the impact of endometriosis‐associated pain on daily life. This is important because pain plays a central role in women living with endometriosis, and despite modern therapies, many women continue to suffer from chronic pain. The detailed analysis of its impact with a comprehensive survey of all aspects of daily life in a very large study population is unique. We expect an improved understanding of consequences of pain to significantly advance medical support in these patients.
Enzyme based field effect transistor: State‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives
Authors: Sarcina Lucia , Macchia Eleonora , Tricase Angelo , Scandurra Cecilia , Imbriano Anna , Torricelli Fabrizio , Cioffi Nicola , Torsi Luisa , Bollella Paolo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe review discloses the historical and technological evolution of enzyme‐based field‐effect transistors (EnFETs) underlying the importance of gate electrode modification toward the implementation of novel FETs configurations such as extended‐gate FET (EG‐FETs) or EG organic FETs (EG‐OFETs). The working principle of the EnFETs as postulated by Bergveld in 1970, who defined the EnFET as an ion‐selective FET (ISFET) modified with enzyme‐membrane, is also discussed considering the analytical equations related to the EnFET output response. For each category, namely EnFETs, EG‐FETs, and EG‐OFETs, we reviewed the key devices’ configurations that addressed the research in this field in the last 40 years with particular attention to the analytical figures of merit.
Shear‐controlling rocking‐isolation podium system for enhanced resilience of high‐rise buildings
Authors: Zhong Chiyun , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRapid urban growth has been paired with a rapid increase in the demand for high‐rise buildings, and has accelerated the need for developing more resilient high‐rise buildings in earthquake‐prone regions. Current best practices for the seismic design of high‐rise buildings follow a performance‐based design approach that allows the designer to use innovative structural systems, select performance objectives, and verify seismic performances targeted at multiple levels of seismic intensity. As shortcomings in conventional code‐designed high‐rise buildings continue to be revealed by strong earthquakes, the importance of more resilient high‐rise systems is increasingly evident. Several high‐performance systems have been proposed to limit the excessive seismic demands attributed to higher‐mode effects in high‐rise buildings. However, these systems still face design challenges associated with distributed damage and residual deformations. This paper proposes a novel self‐centering base mechanism for high‐rise buildings that independently limits both shear forces and overturning moments at the base to mitigate higher‐mode effects, while eliminating residual deformations and controlling concentrated stresses within the structure that otherwise would need to be designed for. The schematic overview of the proposed system is first introduced, followed by the detailed design of a physical embodiment developed based on a reference 42‐story RC core wall building. Results of a numerical case‐study comparison confirm that an enhanced seismic performance is achieved through the proposed system with minimum damage and negligible residual deformations even following major seismic loading. The proposed system, with further investigations, also has the potential to be applied to a wider range of structural systems.
Genome‐wide meta‐analysis identifies susceptibility loci for autoimmune hepatitis type 1
Authors: Li You , Sun Ying , Liu Yanmin , Wang Bangmao , Li Jia , Wang Hanxiao , Zhang Haiping , Wang Xiaoyi , Han Xu , Lin Qiuxiang , Zhou Yang , Hu Lilin , Song Yuhu , Bao Jie , Gong Ling , Sun Mengying , Yuan Xiaoling , Zhang Xinhe , Lian Min , Xiao Xiao , Miao Qi , Wang Qixia , Li Ke‐Ke , Du Shiyu , Ma Anlin , Li Yiling , Xu Jie , Tang Shanhong , Shi Junping , Xu Yun , Yang Ling , Zhang Jiming , Huang Zuxiong , Zhou Lu , Cui Yong , Seldin Michael F. , Gershwin M. Eric , Yan Huiping , Zou Zhengsheng , Zuo Xianbo , Tang Ruqi , Ma Xiong ,   the Chinese AIH Consortium
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare and chronic autoimmune liver disease. While genetic factors are believed to play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of AIH, our understanding of these genetic risk factors is still limited. In this study, we aimed to identify susceptibility loci to further understand the pathogenesis of this disease.

Approach and Results
We conducted a case–control association study of 1,622 Chinese patients with AIH type 1 and 10,466 population controls from two independent cohorts. A meta‐analysis was performed to ascertain variants associated with AIH type 1. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region showed the strongest association with AIH (rs6932730: OR = 2.32; p = 9.21 × 10−73). The meta‐analysis also identified two non‐HLA loci significantly associated with AIH: CD28/CTLA4/ICOS on 2q33.3 (rs72929257: OR = 1.31; p = 2.92 × 10−9) and SYNPR on 3p14.2 (rs6809477: OR = 1.25; p = 5.48 × 10−9). In silico annotation, reporter gene assays, and CRISPR activation experiments identified a distal enhancer at 2q33.3 that regulated expression of CTLA4. In addition, variants near STAT1/STAT4 (rs11889341: OR = 1.24; p = 1.34 × 10−7), LINC00392 (rs9564997: OR = 0.81; p = 2.53 × 10−7), IRF8 (rs11117432: OR = 0.72; p = 6.10 × 10−6), and LILRA4/LILRA5 (rs11084330: OR = 0.65; p = 5.19 × 10−6) had suggestive association signals with AIH.

Conclusions
Our study identifies two novel loci (CD28/CTLA4/ICOS and SYNPR) exceeding genome‐wide significance and suggests four loci as potential risk factors. These findings highlight the importance of costimulatory signaling and neuro‐immune interaction in the pathogenesis of AIH.
The assessment of a growing mobile anesthesia practice from 2016 to 2019: A retrospective observational cohort study of 89,999 cases comparing ambulatory surgery (ASC) and office‐based surgery (OBS) centers using a high‐fidelity, anesthesia‐specific electronic medical record (EMR)
Authors: Shapiro Fred E. , Park Brian H. , Levy Tal S. , Osman Brian M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOffice‐based surgery (OBS) has emerged as a significant subspecialty of ambulatory surgery. There are few clinical trials and limited published data on patient characteristics, anesthesia, or outcomes distinguishing OBS from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). We examined retrospective data from a large mobile anesthesia practice for 89,999 procedures from 2016 to 2019. Data was abstracted from billing and an anesthesia‐specific electronic medical record, segregating procedures performed in ASCs versus OBS. The number and breadth of procedures increased substantially. Compared to ASCs, OBS patients were more likely male (52% vs. 48%), older (61 years vs. 55 years), and to have a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASAs) status (33% vs. 20% ASA 3 or higher). The procedure mix varied substantially between the two settings. The major complication rate was 0.07% for the ASCs and 0.24% for OBS (p = 0.2, confidence interval [CI] −0.15 to 0.04). Minor complications were 11.2% in OBS versus 17.3% the ASCs (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 5.2–7). The practice demonstrates a low rate of complications, and despite the limitations of this study, the organization and structure of this large mobile anesthesia practice serves as a template for effective risk mitigation and patient safety.
Stochastic downscaling of gridded precipitation to spatially coherent subgrid precipitation fields using a transformed Gaussian model
Authors: Switanek Matthew , Maraun Douglas , Bevacqua Emanuele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate impact models often require unbiased point‐scale observations, but climate models typically provide biased simulations at the grid scale. While standard bias adjustment methods have shown to generally perform well at adjusting climate model biases, they cannot overcome the gap between grid‐box and point scale. To overcome this limitation, combined bias adjustment and stochastic downscaling methods have been developed. These methods, however, are single‐site methods and cannot represent spatial dependence. Here we propose a multisite stochastic downscaling method that can be applied to bias‐adjusted climate model output for generating spatially coherent time series of daily precipitation at multiple stations, conditional on the driving climate model. The method is based on a transformed truncated multivariate Gaussian model and can also be used to downscale to a full field at finer‐grid resolution. An evaluation for stations across selected catchments in Austria demonstrates the good performance of the stochastic model at representing marginal, temporal and spatial aspects of daily precipitation, including extreme events.
Undernutrition is associated with mortality, exacerbation, and poorer quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Gattermann Pereira Thainá , Lima Júlia , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImpaired nutrition status is recognized as a risk factor for worse clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this study were to investigate how undernutrition is diagnosed, its prevalence, and whether there is an association between this condition and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD. The search for this systematic review of observational studies (PROSPERO: CRD42020191888) was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, with no date or language restrictions. The studies had to report data on the diagnosis of undernutrition and its association with mortality, exacerbation, length of hospital stay, or quality of life in adult patients with COPD. A meta‐analysis with a random‐effects model was performed to combine data. Forty‐nine studies were included (20 of them classified as having a low risk of bias), and the most common diagnostic method of undernutrition was body mass index (BMI) (n = 36). The pooled prevalence of undernutrition was equal to 20% (95% CI, 0.15–0.25; I² = 100%), and it was associated with mortality (risk ratio = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.55–2.50; I² = 98%), exacerbation (risk ratio = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03–2.91; I² = 96%), and poorer quality of life (mean difference = 8.25; 95% CI, 5.40–11.10; I² = 79%). For all outcomes, the certainty of evidence was very low. In conclusion, undernutrition is prevalent and is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with COPD. However, undernutrition is mainly diagnosed by BMI, which underreports its prevalence, and the certainty of the evidence is very low.
Nutritional outcomes of patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease requiring ventricular assist devices
Authors: Horsley Megan , Pathak Sagar , Morales David , Lorts Angela , Mouzaki Marialena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVentricular assist devices (VADs) support children with heart failure. The objective is to report on the nutrition outcomes of children requiring VAD.MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed in a tertiary care center. All patients undergoing VAD placement from 2010 to 2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were VAD placement in outside hospitals, missing baseline anthropometrics, and death in the first 15 days post‐VAD. Clinical, demographic, and nutrition data were collected from baseline and at 2 months post‐VAD. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsOf the 52 patients who had undergone VAD placement, 49 (65% male, 80% with cardiomyopathy; median age at VAD, 8 years) met the study criteria. The median length of stay following VAD was 63 days. Eight patients (16%) had malnutrition at baseline (five mild, two moderate, and one severe). At 2 months post‐VAD, seven (of 49) patients had undergone heart transplantation and three (6%) were deceased. The proportion of patients with malnutrition was significantly different at 2 months post‐VAD (P = 0.009), with six patients showing evidence of malnutrition (three mild, two moderate, and one severe; body mass index z score at baseline vs 2 months: 0.11 (± 1.72) vs 0.43 (± 0.94), P = 0.049). The percent of required energy consumed increased from 77% at baseline to 90% at 2 months post‐VAD (P = 0.021). The proportion of patients fed solely enterally also increased (62% vs 84%, respectively; P = 0.042).ConclusionVADs are associated with improved nutrition outcomes. Future studies should investigate the impact of VADs on body composition and longer‐term outcomes.
Improving enteral nutrition delivery in the critically ill trauma and surgical population
Authors: McCartt Jason , Loszko Abigail , Backes Kehaulani , Cunningham Kyle , Evans Susan , Draughon Matthew , Sachdev Gaurav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill trauma and surgical patients often fail to achieve adequate enteral nutrition (EN) support. We hypothesize that implementation of an evidence‐based, multidisciplinary nutrition enhancement protocol (EP) will improve delivery of EN in critically ill trauma and surgical patients and align our institution with nationally recommended guidelines.MethodsThe study compared patients prior to protocol (PP) with patients after implementation of the EP. The primary outcome was delivery of >80% of daily prescribed EN kilocalories in critically ill trauma and surgical patients during their intensive care unit stay. Data were prospectively captured from daily rounds and the electronic health record. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare data between groups using Student t test for continuous variables and chi‐square test for categorical variables.ResultsIn total, 256 patients in the PP group (2663 EN days) were compared with 232 patients in the EP group (2059 EN days). The primary outcome of average percentage of nutrition delivered (based on 24‐h kilocalorie requirements) improved after the implementation of the EP (75.3% PP vs 85.5% EP; P < 0.01). This improvement was evident in surgical (69.9% PP vs 78.7% EP; P < 0.01) and trauma (78.2% PP vs 87.3% EP; P < 0.01) subpopulations. The secondary outcome of percentage of patients receiving >80% of nutrition goal also improved (52.7% PP vs 65.2% EP; P < 0.01).ConclusionImplementation of an EP significantly increased delivery of EN by 10.2% and achieved compliance with American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and Society of Critical Care Medicine recommended guidelines for critically ill trauma and surgical patients.
A long‐term retrospective analysis of single tooth implants and endodontic therapies in a university setting
Authors: Lee Chun‐Teh , Alfred Preston , Tran Duong , James Jennifer , Makins Scott R. , Gajjar Devanshi , Weltman Robin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare survival of single tooth implants (SI) to teeth receiving initial endodontic treatment (IET), non‐surgical (NET), and surgical endodontic retreatments (SET). The secondary aim was to determine success rate and identify factors associated with the survival and success of implant and endodontic treatments.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using electronic health records (January 1st, 1995 to April 30th, 2017) was conducted. Every case that qualified for the study in SI (n = 321), NET (n = 211), and SET (n = 79) was included and cases in IET (n = 642) were selected at random and with a 2 to 1 case ratio to SI for data extraction efficiency. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare survival rates and estimate success rates between the four groups adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe 3 year survival rates for SI, IET, NET, and SET were 99.0%, 92.1%, 90.5%, and 89.5% while the 5 year survival rates for SI, IET, NET, and SET were 99.0%, 87.6%, 84.4%, and 81.1%, respectively. Generally, the SI group had the highest survival rate and the SET group had the lowest survival rate. Short implants (≤8 mm) were significantly associated with implant failure (P < 0.01). Teeth with composite restoration had lower survival rates in IET and NET than other restorations (P < 0.01 and < 0.01).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, single tooth implants and the endodontic treatments yielded predictable survival and success in the short term but the survival and success rates in endodontic treatments dropped more rapidly than single tooth implants during the longer follow‐up period.