bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus subtilis BR4 derived stigmatellin Y interferes Pqs‐PqsR mediated quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Boopathi Seenivasan , Vashisth Rajesh , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Jia Ai‐Qun , Sivakumar Natesan , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCell‐to‐cell communication is essentially required in bacteria for the production of multiple virulence factors and successful colonization in the host. Targeting the virulence factors production without hampering the growth of the pathogens is a potential strategy to control pathogenesis. To accomplish this, a total of 43 mangrove isolates were screened for quorum quenching (QQ) activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), in which eight bacteria have shown antibiofilm activity without hampering the growth of the PA. Prominent QQ activity was observed in Bacillus subtilis BR4. Previously, we found that BR4 produces stigmatellin Y, a structural analogue of PQS signal of PA, which could competitively bind with PqsR receptor and inhibits the quorum sensing (QS) system of PA. Further, stigmatellin Y containing ethyl acetate extract (S‐EAE) (100 µg ml−1) of BR4 significantly inhibits (p < 0.001) the biofilm formation of PA. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis also fortified the QQ activity of BR4. Furthermore, S‐EAE of BR4 (500 µg ml−1) has significantly reduced the production of virulence factors, including protease, elastase, pyocyanin and extracellular polysaccharides substances. Furthermore, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)/MS analysis affirms that BR4 intercepts the PQS‐mediated QS system by reducing the synthesis of as many PQS signals, including precursor molecule (243.162313 Da) of PQS signal. Thus, S‐EAE of B. subtilis BR4 could be used as a promising therapeutic agent to combat QS system‐mediated pathogenesis of PA. Further therapeutic potentials of stigmatellin Y to be evaluated in clinical studies for the treatment of multidrug resistant PA.
Attention‐control training as an early intervention for veterans leaving the military: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Metcalf Olivia , O'Donnell Meaghan L. , Forbes David , Bar‐Haim Yair , Hodson Stephanie , Bryant Richard A. , McFarlane Alexander C. , Morton David , Poerio Loretta , Naim Reut , Varker Tracey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransitioning out of the military can be a time of change and challenge. Research indicates that altered threat monitoring in military populations may contribute to the development of psychopathology in veterans, and interventions that adjust threat monitoring in personnel leaving the military may be beneficial. Australian Defence Force personnel (N = 59) transitioning from the military were randomized to receive four weekly sessions of either attention‐control training or a placebo attention training. The primary outcome was symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) at posttreatment. Following training, participants who received attention‐control training reported significantly lower levels of PTSD symptoms, Hedges’ g = 0.86, 95% CI [0.37, 1.36], p = .004, and significantly improved work and social functioning, Hedges’ g = 0.93, 95% CI [0.46, 1.39], p = .001, relative to those in the placebo condition. Moreover, no participants who received attention‐control training worsened with regard to PTSD symptoms, whereas 23.8% of those who received the placebo attention training experienced an increase in PTSD symptoms. The preliminary findings from this pilot study add to a small body of evidence supporting attention‐control training as a viable indicated early intervention approach for PTSD that is worthy of further research.
Challenges and opportunities for estimating abundance of a low‐density moose population
Authors: Hinton Joseph W. , Wheat Rachel E. , Schuette Paul , Hurst Jeremy E. , Kramer David W. , Stickles James H. , Frair Jacqueline L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonitoring large herbivores across their core range has been readily accomplished using aerial surveys and traditional distance sampling. But for peripheral populations, where individuals may occur in patchy, low‐density populations, precise estimation of population size and trend remains logistically and statistically challenging. For moose (Alces alces) along their southern range margin in northern New York, USA, we sought robust estimates of moose distribution, abundance, and population trend (2016–2019) using a combination of aerial surveys (line transect distance‐sampling), repeated surveys in areas where moose were known to occur to boost the number of detections, and density surface modeling (DSM) with spatial covariates. We achieved a precise estimate of density (95% CI = 0.00–0.29 moose/km2) for this small population (656 moose, 95% CI = 501–859), which was patchily distributed across a large and heavily forested region (the 24,280‐km2Adirondack Park). Local moose abundance was positively related to active timber management, elevation, and snow cover, and negatively related to large bodies of water. As expected, moose abundance in this peripheral population was low relative to its core range in other northern forest states. Yet, in areas where abundance was greatest, moose densities in New York approached those where epizootics of winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) have been reported, underscoring the need for effective and efficient monitoring. By incorporating autocorrelation in observations and landscape covariates, DSM provided spatially explicit estimates of moose density with greater precision and no additional field effort over traditional distance sampling. Combined with repeated surveys of areas with known moose occurrence to achieve viable sample sizes, DSM is a useful tool for effectively monitoring low density and patchy populations.
Asymmetric Topological Valley Edge States on Silicon‐On‐Insulator Platform
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Sun Lu , He Yu , Tang Guojing , An Shaohua , Wang Zhen , Du Yuhan , Zhang Yong , Yuan Luqi , He Xintao , Dong Jianwen , Su Yikai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractValley‐Hall photonic topological insulators (VPTIs) provide an intriguing approach to suppress backscattering, enhance the robustness of transport, and shrink the footprints of the topological devices. However, previous works focused on the transmission characteristics of the symmetric topological waveguides with few reports on functional devices involving edge mode coupling, which hinders the implementation of various functional devices such as optical couplers/splitters, switches, filters, and etc. In this paper, a new method to manipulate the mode field distributions in topological waveguides is demonstrated by introducing asymmetric edge states, thus the mode coupling with an arbitrary coupling ratio can be achieved between topological waveguides. As an example, a topological power splitter with a 33:67 splitting ratio is demonstrated experimentally. In addition, to verify the robust transmission property of the topological photonic devices, a high‐speed data transmission experiment for a topological power splitter is performed and a high data rate of 128 Gb s−1 is achieved. These results promise a new method to manipulate the mode field distribution in topological waveguides and devices that may find wide applications in diverse fields such as optical communications, nanophotonics, and quantum information processing.
Symmetry‐Protected Spoof Localized Surface Plasmonic Skyrmion
Authors: Yang Jie , Zheng Xuezhi , Wang Jiafu , Pan Yueting , Zhang Anxue , Cui Tie Jun , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) skyrmions are an EM analogue of the skyrmions in condensed matter physics, offering new degrees of freedom to structure light and manipulate light–matter interactions and thus promising various groundbreaking applications in optics and photonics. Recently, there is a growing interest in composing EM skyrmions based on different field vectors of EM waves. Here, an EM skyrmion is realized, i.e., a spoof plasmonic skyrmion (SPS), using the electric field vectors of spoof localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in a planar microwave resonator with rotational and mirroring symmetries. The SPS is constructed by synthesizing a scalar vortex (a topological charge 0) and a polarization vortex (a topological charge 1) in the in‐plane and the out‐of‐plane component of the fields, respectively. Besides an experimental demonstration, group theory is employed and pinpoints the symmetry origin of the skyrmion. This investigation demonstrates the ubiquity of the existence of the skyrmion in any planar EM resonator holding rotational and mirroring symmetries, regardless the dimensions and the operating frequencies. This skyrmion design not only promises novel microwave applications for sensing and transferring information, but also lays down a general guideline for devising skyrmions operating over a broad range in the EM spectra.
Macromolecular Engineering and Additive Manufacturing of Polyisobutylene‐Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. II. The Poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene)/Poly(phenylene oxide) System
Authors: Shen Naifu , Bu Jinyu , Prévôt Marianne E. , Hegmann Torsten , Kennedy Joseph P. , Xu Weinan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis series of publications describes research rendering soft polyisobutylene (PIB)‐based thermoplastic elastomers 3D printable by blending with rigid chemically compatible thermoplastics. The molecular structure, morphology, physical properties, and 3D printability of such blends have been systematically investigated. The authors' first report was concerned with the rendering of soft poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS) 3D printable by blending with rigid polystyrene (PS). Here they report the macromolecular engineering of SIBS/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends for 3D printing. PPO, a rigid high‐performance thermoplastic, is compatible with the hard PS block in SIBS; however, neither PPO nor SIBS can be directly 3D printed. The microphase‐separated structures and physical properties of SIBS/PPO blends are systematically tuned by controlling blending ratios and molecular weights. Suitable composition ranges and desirable properties of SIBS/PPO blends for 3D printing are optimized. The morphology and properties of SIBS/PPO blends are characterized by an ensemble of techniques, including atomic force microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and thermal and mechanical properties testing. The elucidation of processing‐structure‐property relationship of SIBS/PPO blends is essential for 3D printing and advanced manufacturing of high‐performance polymer systems.
Cibalackrot Dendrimers for Hyperfluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wallwork Nicholle R. , Mamada Masashi , Keto Angus B. , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Shukla Atul , Adachi Chihaya , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Lo Shih‐Chun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHyperfluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (HF‐OLEDs) enable a cascading Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a suitable thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) assistant host to a fluorescent end‐emitter to give efficient OLEDs with relatively narrowed electroluminescence compared to TADF‐OLEDs. Efficient HF‐OLEDs require optimal FRET with minimum triplet diffusion via Dexter‐type energy transfer (DET) from the TADF assistant host to the fluorescent end‐emitter. To hinder DET, steric protection of the end‐emitters has been proposed to disrupt triplet energy transfer. In this work, the first HF‐OLEDs based on structurally well‐defined macromolecules, dendrimers is reported. The dendrimers contain new highly twisted dendrons attached to a Cibalackrot core, resulting in high solubility in organic solvents. HF‐OLEDs based on dendrimer blend films are fabricated to show external quantum efficiencies of >10% at 100 cd m−2. Importantly, dendronization with the bulky dendrons is found to have no negative impact to the FRET efficiency, indicating the excellent potential of the dendritic macromolecular motifs for HF‐OLEDs. To fully prevent the undesired triplet diffusion, Cibalackrot dendrimers HF‐OLEDs are expected to be further improved by adding additional dendrons to the Cibalackrot core and/or increasing dendrimer generations.
Oil–Water Separation Polypropylene Foam with Advanced Solvent‐Evaporation Induced Coexistence of Microspheres and Microporous Structure
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Mingtao , Schubert Dirk W. , Liu Xianhu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor decades, crude oil spills and oil wastewater have become the most problematic environmental pollution and damage to public health. Therefore, it is considerable to develop superhydrophobic polymer foam for separating oil from water with high selectivity and sorption capacity. Here, a new type of environmentally friendly pure polypropylene (PP) foam with superhydrophobicity is first time proposed with a particular coexistence of microspheres and microporous structure fabricated via an advanced solvent‐evaporation method. The PP foam exhibits exceptional superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 151° and the maximum saturated adsorption capacity of 26 g g−1. After more than 15 h of cyclic continuous oil–water pumping experiment, it still maintains a high oil absorption efficiency of 98%, providing the basis for practical commercial applications. More importantly, the variation of hydrophobic properties is described by Flory–Huggins polymer solution theory and Huggins interaction parameters, and the optimal solution ratio range is predicted which provides a relevant theoretical basis for actual industrial production.
Complexation of a Polyelectrolyte Brush with Oppositely Charged AB Diblock Copolymers: The Zipper Brushes
Authors: Gioldasis Christos , Gergidis Leonidas N. , Vlahos Costas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe internal stratification of a polyelectrolyte complex (zipper brush) formed by mixing of an anionic charged polyelectrolyte brush (PEB) with cationic‐neutral diblock copolymers bearing a very long neutral block is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The authors find that the fraction of the neutralized PEB units in the mixture increases as the fraction of the PEB charged units (a) increase for high grafting densities (d). Due to the charge neutralization condition, from the initial PEB through the complexation with the appropriate choice of a cationic‐neutral copolymer, neutral brush having grafting density lower, equal, or much higher than that of the PEB are obtained. The addition of monovalent salt in the mixture with concentrations 0.1 and 1 m leads to a reduction in complexed diblock copolymer chains of up to 91% and practically the initial PEB is recovered. The findings are in full agreement with existing experimental predictions and provide new insights into the structure and the shape of the coacervate. The latter progressively changes from a dense film to perforated film, to lamella, to pinned micelles, to stacks as a, d, and the molecular weights of the PEB and diblock copolymer blocks are altered.
A hybrid statistical‐dynamical prediction scheme for summer monthly precipitation over Northeast China
Authors: Ma Jiehua , Sun Jianqi , Liu Changzheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo improve the seasonal prediction of monthly precipitation in summer over Northeast China (NEC), a hybrid prediction scheme is developed to combine the advantages of statistical method with dynamical prediction information from 4 coupled general climate models (CGCMs). As the operational prediction of summer climate is performed in March or earlier, the information of CGCMs employed in this study is from the hindcast/prediction in February for June and July, and March for August. Predictors comprise observations of the preceding winter sea surface temperature and simultaneous information derived from the CGCMs. Stability and multicollinearity are fully considered in predictor selection to avoid over‐fitting. For a single model, the monthly precipitation reconstructed from the predicted time series and the observed spatial load of the leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) modes with accumulative explained covariance more than 85%. For the multi‐model ensemble (MME), the predictions with the lowest correlation coefficient were removed until the performance of the MME was optimal for the cross‐validation period. This new ensemble method shows some advantages compared to a traditional MME method. The leave‐one‐out cross‐validation for 1982–2010 and the independent validation for 2011–2016 both indicate an improvement of the new hybrid scheme in seasonal predictions of summer monthly precipitation over NEC. The observed and predicted monthly precipitation are significantly correlated with coefficients of 0.71, 0.49, and 0.73, and their hit rates are 77%, 66%, and 77% for June, July, and August precipitation, respectively for the MME over the period 1982–2016.
Comparison of nine methods of immediate breast reconstruction after resection of localized breast cancer: A cost‐effectiveness Markov decision analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Klifto Kevin M. , Tecce Michael G. , Serletti Joseph M. , Kovach Stephen J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen undergoing immediate breast reconstruction without radiation therapy have reconstruction methods available with uncertain long‐term costs associated with complications requiring surgery and revisions. We evaluated cost‐effectiveness of nine methods of immediate breast reconstruction for women with localized breast cancer.MethodsMarkov modeling was performed over 10‐years for unilateral/bilateral breast reconstructions from healthcare/societal perspectives. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched to derive data from 13,744 patients in 79 prospective studies. Complications requiring surgery (mastectomy necrosis, total/partial flap necrosis, seroma, hematoma, infection, wound dehiscence, abdominal hernia, implant removal/explantation) and revisions (fat necrosis, capsular contracture, asymmetry, scars/redundant tissue, implant rupture/removal, fat grafting) were evaluated over yearly cycles. Reconstructions included: direct‐to‐implant (DTI), tissue expander‐to‐implant (TEI), latissimus dorsi flap‐to‐implant (LDI), latissimus dorsi (LD), pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM), free TRAM, deep inferior epigastric perforator/superficial inferior epigastric artery (DIEP/SIEA), thigh‐based, or gluteal based flaps. Outcomes were incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) and net monetary benefits (NMB). Willingness‐to‐pay thresholds were $50,000 and $100,000.ResultsFrom a healthcare perspective for unilateral reconstruction, compared to LD, the ICER for DTI was −$42,109.35/quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALY), LDI was −$25,300.83/QALY, TEI was −$22,036.02/QALY, DIEP/SIEA was $8307.65/QALY, free TRAM was $8677.26/QALY, pedicled TRAM was $13,021.44/QALY, gluteal‐based was $17,698.99/QALY, and thigh‐based was $23,447.82/QALY. NMB of DIEP/SIEA was $404,523.47, free TRAM was $403,821.40, gluteal‐based was $392,478.64, thigh‐based was $387,691.70, pedicled TRAM was $376,901.83, LD was $370,646.93, DTI was $339,668.77, LDI was $334,350.30, and TEI was $329,265.84.ConclusionsAll nine methods of immediate breast reconstruction were considered cost‐effective from healthcare/societal perspectives. LD provided the lowest costs, while DIEP/SIEA provided the greatest effectiveness and NMB.
Identification of Trovafloxacin, Ozanimod, and Ozenoxacin as Potent c‐Myc G‐Quadruplex Stabilizers to Suppress c‐Myc Transcription and Myeloma Growth
Authors: Zhang Jinyuan , Wang Tao , Geng Xiaoju , Liu Linlin , Gao Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstractc‐Myc is a major oncogene that is estimated to result in almost all human cancers and the c‐Myc downregulation has become an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. For it is hard to design compounds that can directly interact with the c‐Myc protein, the DNA G‐quadruplex (G4) was discovered in its promoter region which was referred to as a potential drug target for controlling c‐Myc expression. In this study, a combined strategy of molecular docking‐based virtual screening, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) free energy calculation was conducted on the existing FDA‐Approved Drugs Library, eight compounds were selected for further experimental assay. Among them, five compounds exhibited dose‐dependently anticancer activities against RPMI‐8226 cells with IC50 values less than 18.4 μM. Further experiments showed that Trovafloxacin, Ozanimod, and Ozenoxacin decreased c‐Myc mRNA level obviously and downregulated c‐Myc expression significantly. In summary, compounds Trovafloxacin, Ozanimod, and Ozenoxacin might be regarded as new c‐Myc G4 stabilizers for the treatment of c‐Myc related cancers in the future.
Bayer‐Bilanz 2021: Landwirtschaft und Medizin
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDas Leverkusener Unternehmen Bayer hat im Jahr 2021 einen Nettogewinn von einer Milliarde Euro gemacht. Im Jahr 2020 hatten Glyphosat‐Klagen in der Bilanz zu zehn Milliarden Euro Verlust geführt.
Wärmespeicher: Was steckt in der Lauge?
Authors: Fumey Benjamin , Kleingries Mirko , Karger Gerhard , Offermanns Heribert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVor 140 Jahren verkehrte die Honigmannsche Natronlok in Aachen. Ihre Fahrten blieben eine Episode der Eisenbahngeschichte – ihr Wirkprinzip dagegen macht man sich aktuell bei einem thermischen Energiespeicher zunutze.
Natural history films generate more online interest in depicted species than in conservation messages
Authors: Nolan Grace , Kane Adam , Fernández‐Bellon Darío 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The greatest crises of our time are environmental. To combat the effects of climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation will require the actions of all members of society. However, despite widespread consensus from the scientific community that human actions are driving this rapid environmental degradation, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the public is receiving and engaging with conservation messages. Natural history films have been suggested as one possible medium for generating awareness of conservation issues en masse but some environmental advocates have criticised these shows for lacking strong, focused conservation messaging.

This study quantifies audience engagement with conservation themes and species depicted on screen in two BBC natural history super productions (Blue Planet II and Seven Worlds, One Planet) and a stand‐alone documentary with an explicit focus on conservation (Extinction: The Facts) by using big data analyses of Wikipedia page views during and after broadcast of each show and causal impact analysis.

Our results indicate that natural history films are more effective at generating species awareness than transmitting conservation messages, but that audience engagement generated by conservation‐focused documentaries can be comparable to that generated by entire film series focused on natural history.

With the ultimate goal of contributing to long‐term behavioural change, our results suggest that natural history films have the potential to drive mass audience engagement with conservation themes through better collaboration between filmmakers, conservationists and conservation messaging researchers. Finally, this study underscores how big data approaches can quantify the effectiveness of conservation messages across different mediums.

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