bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical course and decision‐making in heart failure by preload stress echocardiography: a preliminary study
Authors: Kusunose Kenya , Yamada Hirotsugu , Saijo Yoshihito , Nishio Susumu , Hirata Yukina , Ise Takayuki , Yamaguchi Koji , Fukuda Daiju , Yagi Shusuke , Soeki Takeshi , Wakatsuki Tetsuzo , Sata Masataka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsAbnormal left ventricular diastolic response to preload stress can be an early marker of heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to assess clinical course in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) who underwent preload stress echocardiography. In the subgroup analysis, we assessed the prognosis of patients with unstable signs during preload stress classified by treatment strategies.Methods and resultsWe prospectively conducted preload stress echocardiographic studies between January 2006 and December 2013 in 211 patients with HFpEF. Fifty‐eight patients had abnormal diastolic reserve during preload stress (unstable impaired relaxation: unstable IR). Of 58 patients with unstable IR, 19 patients were assigned to additional therapy by increased or additional therapy and 39 patients were assigned to standard therapy. Composite outcomes were prespecified as the primary endpoint of death and hospitalization for deteriorating HF. During a median period of 6.9 years, 19 patients (33%) reached the composite outcome. Unstable group with standard therapy had significantly shorter event‐free survival than stable group. Patients with uptitration of therapy had longer event‐free survival than those with standard therapy group after adjustment of laboratory data (hazard ratio, 0.20, 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.90; P = 0.036); the 10 year event‐free survival in patients with and without uptitration of therapy was 93% and 51%, respectively (P = 0.023).ConclusionsPatients with unstable sign had significantly shorter event‐free survival than patients with stable sign. After additional therapy, the prognosis of patients with unstable signs improved. This technique may impact decision‐making for improving their prognosis.
Designing multinary noble metal‐free catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Saidi Wissam A. , Nandi Tarak , Yang Timothy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the key reaction for electrocatalytic production of hydrogen, is of fundamental importance due to its simplicity yet is very important for renewable energy. Notwithstanding, Pt is still the main catalyst for this reaction, which is not practical for the industrial deployment of this technology owing to the high cost and scarcity of Pt. The successful synthesis of high entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles opens a new frontier for the development of new catalysts. Herein we investigate the design of a multinary noble metal‐free HER catalyst based on earth‐abundant elements Co, Mo, Fe, Ni, and Cu. Using a machine learning (ML) approach in conjunction with first‐principles methods, we build a model that can rapidly compute the hydrogen adsorption energy on the alloyed surfaces with high fidelity. Within the large composition space of the CoMoFeNiCu HEA, a large number of alloy combinations are shown to optimally bind hydrogen with a high probability. Further, most of these alloy compositions are found stable against dissociation into intermetallics, and hence synthesizable as a solid solution, by virtue of a large mixing entropy compared to mixing enthalpy and a small lattice mismatch between the elements. This finding is partly consistent with recent experimental results that synthesized five different CoMoFeNiCu HEA compositions. Our study underscores the significant impact that computational modeling and ML can have on developing new cost‐effective electrocatalysts in the nearly‐infinite materials design space of HEAs, and calls for experimental validation.
Almond peel‐derived iron‐induced activated carbon for high energy and long‐life supercapacitor in organic electrolyte
Authors: Gunasekaran Sivagaami Sundari , Badhulika Sushmee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) are prepared by the conventional KOH activation method that entails several steps at higher temperatures resulting in low‐energy density. Herein, we report one‐step facile carbonization and low‐concentration‐activation aided synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from Prunus dulcis (almond) peel (AP) by using three activating agents, namely (a) KOH (AC‐K1); (b) KOH with K3[Fe(CN)6] (AC‐K2); (c) KOH with K3[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Fe(CN)6] (AC‐K3) for high‐performance symmetric supercapacitor (SSCs) applications in 6 M KOH and 1 M TEABF4 electrolytes. Detailed structural and chemical characterization studies were performed on the as‐prepared AC‐K1/K2/K3 samples and optimization studies revealed that AC‐K3 electrode delivers the highest performance due to the presence of trace amount of iron salts in the carbon network that acts as a catalyst and induces fast charge‐transfer for electrochemical reactions. The BET surface area of AC‐K1, AC‐K2, and AC‐K3 are found to be 408.89 m2 g−1, 819.79 m2 g−1, and 1061.6 m2 g−1, respectively. AC‐K3 electrode delivers an outstanding half‐cell specific capacitance of 320 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH. The SC device with AC‐K3 electrode delivers full‐cell specific capacitance of 290 F g−1 and 370.37 F g−1 in 6 M KOH and 1 M TEABF4, respectively. The highest energy density of 41.24 Wh kg−1 at 1349 W kg−1 power with the extended potential of ~2.7 V is delivered by the AC‐K3 electrode in 1 M TEABF4, which is considerably higher and unprecedented compared to other reported carbon materials. After 10 000 cycles, there is a ~100% capacitance retention. As a result of this study, the abundant bio‐derived AC‐K3 is found to be a potential long‐term electrode material for high‐energy SC applications.
Learning‐related changes in cellular activity within mouse dentate gyrus during trace eyeblink conditioning
Authors: Miller Lisa N. , Weiss Craig , Disterhoft John F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBecause the dentate gyrus serves as the first site for information processing in the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit, it an important structure for the formation of associative memories. Previous findings in rabbit had recorded populations of cells within dentate gyrus that may bridge the temporal gap between stimuli to support memory formation during trace eyeblink conditioning, an associative learning task. However, this previous work was unable to identify the types of cells demonstrating this type of activity. To explore these changes further, we did in vivo single‐neuron recording in conjunction with physiological determination of cell types to investigate the functional role of granule cells, mossy cells, and interneurons in dentate gyrus during learning. Tetrode recordings were performed in young‐adult mice during training on trace eyeblink conditioning, a hippocampal‐dependent temporal associative memory task. Conditioned mice were able to successfully learn the task, with male mice learning at a faster rate than female mice. In the conditioned group, granule cells tended to show an increase in firing rate during conditioned stimulus presentation while mossy cells showed a decrease in firing rate during the trace interval and the unconditioned stimulus. Interestingly, populations of interneurons demonstrated learning‐related increases and decreases in activity that began at onset of the conditioned stimulus and persisted through the trace interval. The current study also found a significant increase in theta power during stimuli presentation in conditioned animals, and this change in theta decreased over time. Ultimately, these data suggest unique involvement of granule cells, mossy cells, and interneurons in dentate gyrus in the formation of a trace associative memory. This work expands our knowledge of dentate gyrus function, helping to discern how aging and disease might disrupt this process.
Predictors of eHealth literacy in pregnant women: A structural equation model analysis
Authors: Şahin Ebru , Çatıker Aslıhan , Özdil Kamuran , Bulucu Büyüksoy Gizem Deniz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and evaluate a theoretical model to explain the relationships between eHealth literacy and perception of health, and perception of pregnancy risk in pregnant women.MethodThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with 238 pregnant women in one of the hospitals in Turkey between March 15, 2021 and May 15, 2021. Data were collected using an Information Form, eHealth Literacy Scale, Perception of Health Scale, and Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire.ResultsThe mean scores of the pregnant women participating in the study on eHealth literacy and perception of health were 30.45 ± 6.56 and 51.42 ± 6.91, respectively and their mean score on perception of pregnancy risk was 42.6 ± 29.38. The direct effect of the eHealth Literacy Scale on the “Risk for Baby” subscale of the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire was insignificant whereas the scale's effect became significant with the Perception of Health Scale (β = −0.006; 0.057).ConclusionTo reduce the perception of risk in pregnant women, it is important to improve not only their eHealth literacy but also their knowledge and attitudes about being healthy.
A scoping review of evaluations of and recommendations for default uncertainty factors in human health risk assessment
Authors: Johanson Gunnar , Moto Tshepo Paulsen , Schenk Linda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUncertainty factors (UFs) are used to account for uncertainties and variability when setting exposure limits or guidance values. Starting from a proposal of a single UF of 100 to extrapolate from an animal NOAEL to a human acceptable exposure, the aspects of uncertainty and number of UFs have diversified and today there are several risk assessment guidelines that contain schemes of default UFs of varying complexity. In the present work, we scoped the scientific literature on default UFs to map developments regarding recommendations and evaluations of these. We identified 91 publications making recommendations for one or several UFs and 55 publications evaluating UFs without making explicit recommendations about numerical values; these were published between 1954 and 2021. The 2000s was the decade with the largest number of publications, interspecies differences and intraspecies variability being the most frequent topics. The academic sector has been the most active (76 out of 146 publications). Authors from the private sector more often presented UF recommendations, but differences between sectors regarding size of recommendations were not statistically significant. The empirical underpinning of the reviewed recommendations ranges from four to 462 chemicals, that is, relatively low numbers compared with the range of chemicals these default UFs are expected to cover. The recommended UFs have remained remarkably constant, with merely a slight decrease over time. Although chemical specific UFs are preferable, the widespread use of default UFs warrants further attention regarding their empirical and normative basis.
Muscle strength, but not body mass index, is associated with mortality in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai , Karaketklang Khemajira , Aekplakorn Wichai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether adiposity and muscle function are associated with mortality risk in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. We examine the independent and combined associations of body mass index (BMI) and muscle strength with overall mortality in individuals with NAFLD.MethodsWe analysed data from 7083 participants with NAFLD in the Thai National Health Examination Survey and their linked mortality. NAFLD was defined using a lipid accumulation product in participants without significant alcohol intake. Poor muscle strength was defined by handgrip strength of <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women, according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. The Cox proportional‐hazards model was constructed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for overall mortality.ResultsThe mean age was 49.3 ± 13.2 years, and 69.4% of subjects were women. According to the Asian‐specific criteria, 1276 individuals (18.0%) were classified as lean NAFLD (BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2), 1465 (20.7%) were overweight NAFLD (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2), and 4342 (61.3%) were obese NAFLD (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Over 60 432 person‐years, 843 participants died. In Cox models adjusted for physiologic, lifestyle, and comorbid factors, individuals with lean NAFLD [aHR 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–1.48; P = 0.138] and subjects with overweight NAFLD (aHR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.89–1.84; P = 0.158) had mortality risk estimates similar to their obese counterparts, whereas participants with lower handgrip strength had significantly higher mortality risk than those with higher handgrip strength in men and women. Compared with obese individuals with the highest handgrip strength, elevated mortality risk was observed among men (aHR 3.21, 95% CI: 1.35–7.62, P = 0.011) and women (aHR 2.22, 95% CI, 1.25–3.93, P = 0.009) with poor muscle strength. Among men, poor muscle strength was associated with increased risk of mortality with obese NAFLD (aHR 3.94, 95% CI, 1.38–11.3, P = 0.013), overweight NAFLD (aHR 2.93, 95% CI, 1.19–7.19, P = 0.021), and lean NAFLD (aHR 2.78, 95% CI, 0.93–8.32, P = 0.065). Among women, poor muscle strength was associated with increased mortality risk with obese NAFLD (aHR 2.25, 95% CI, 1.06–4.76, P = 0.036), overweight NAFLD (aHR 1.69, 95% CI, 0.81–3.51, P = 0.153), and lean NAFLD (aHR 2.47, 95% CI, 1.06–5.73, P = 0.037).ConclusionsIn this nationwide cohort of individuals with NAFLD, muscle strength, but not BMI, was independently associated with long‐term overall mortality. Measuring handgrip strength can be a simple, non‐invasive risk stratification approach for overall mortality in patients with NAFLD.
Clinically meaningful change for the chair stand test: monitoring mobility in integrated care for older people
Authors: Gonzalez‐Bautista Emmanuel , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Salinas‐Rodriguez Aaron , Manrique‐Espinoza Betty , Rolland Yves , Andrieu Sandrine , Vellas Bruno ,   for the MAPT/DSA group
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinically meaningful changes in the five‐repetition chair stand test are essential for monitoring mobility in integrated care for older people. Recommendations for the clinically meaningful change of the chair stand test are not well known. Our study aimed to estimate the absolute and relative clinically meaningful changes for older adults' five‐repetition chair stand test.MethodsWe applied distribution‐based and anchor‐based methods in addition to receiver operator characteristics analyses to a population‐based study of community‐dwelling adults (SAGE Mexico study, n = 897) to derive the clinically meaningful change in the chair stand test. We used three self‐reported clinical anchors: moving around, vigorous activities, and walking 1 km. Our primary outcome was the incidence of disability for basic activities of daily living (ADL). Secondly, we examined our estimates of clinically meaningful change in a clinical trial population of healthy volunteers (MAPT, France, study n = 1575) concerning the risk of incident ADL disability.ResultsThe age of SAGE Mexico participants ranged from 60 to 96 years; mean (SD) = 69.0 (6.2); 54.4% were female. Their baseline chair stand time averaged 12.1 s (SD = 3 s). Forty‐eight participants (5.6%) showed incident disability over 3 years. The absolute and relative clinically meaningful change cut points found over 3 years of follow‐up were 2.6 s and 27.7%, respectively. Absolute clinically meaningful change ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 s, depending on the estimation method. Relative clinically meaningful change ranged from 9.6 to 46.2%. SAGE Mexico participants with absolute and relative clinically meaningful declines (increasing 2.6 s and 27.7% from baseline time, respectively) showed an increased risk of ADL disability [aRR = 1.93; P = 0.0381; 95% CI (1.05, 3.46) and aRR = 2.27; P = 0.0157; 95% CI (1.22, 4.10)], respectively, compared with those without a clinically meaningful decline. MAPT participants [age range = 70–94; mean (SD) = 75.3 (4.4); 64.8% female; incident ADL disability over 5 years = 145(14.8%)] with a relative clinically meaningful decline (≥27.7% from baseline over 3 years) had a 74% higher risk of incident ADL disability than their counterparts [aHR = 1.74; P = 0.016; CI95% (1.11, 2.72); mean follow‐up of 58 months].ConclusionsCommunity‐dwelling older adults with an increase of 3 s or 28% in chair stand test performance over 3 years (approximately 1 s or 10% per year) could be the target of interventions to enhance mobility and prevent incident disability.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of primary hepatic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Authors: Wang Zhongqing , Xiao Ying , Zhang Bo , Xiaosong Li , Shao Jing , Liao Jingtang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the ultrasonographic features of primary hepatic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) to increase the rate of accurate clinical diagnosis.MethodsWe analyzed all (n = 7) primary hepatic UPS cases who attended Our Hospital from 2010 to 2021 in terms of morphology, size, echogenicity, borders, blood flow signal, posterior echoes, and other ultrasonographic features.ResultsAll studied masses were solitary and mainly invaded one lobe of the liver. All the masses had diameters exceeding 5.0 cm and were nonencapsulated. They mostly had clear borders and regular morphologies (6 of 7 [85.7%]). Echogenicity was hypoechoic (2 of 7 [28.6%]) or heterogeneous (5 of 7 [71.4%]). Echogenicity was enhanced at the posterior aspect in all cases. None of the cases exhibited calcification, but some showed mass liquefaction (2 of 7 [28.6%]). Blood flow signal from the mass was rich (2 of 7 [28.6%]), mild (2 of 7 [28.6%]) or minimal (3 of 7 [42.9%]). One case in this study underwent CEUS. The margins and the internal septa, and mural or septal nodules of the mass showed mild hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and portal venous phase, but mild hypoenhancement in late phase. There were large nonenhancing areas in all three phases.ConclusionWhen ultrasonography reveals a solitary, relatively large, regular, and nonencapsulated mass, primary hepatic UPS should be a differential diagnosis. Combining clinical findings with imaging modalities can increase the likelihood of an accurate diagnosis.
A cross‐sectional study investigating mental health and resilience among pre‐doctoral students at a US dental school
Authors: McKenzie Carly Timmons , Kent Mallory Peyton , Volero Amy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis study explored key mental health measures as self‐reported by pre‐doctoral dental students enrolled in all four years of dental school and their relationships with a year in school and resilience.MethodsThis study utilized archival data from the National Collegiate Health Assessment (NCHA) survey administered in Fall 2020. This instrument is a compilation of validated measures assessing a broad spectrum of health‐related behaviors, including nutrition, substance use, social relationships, and mental health. The mental health measures explored in this study included validated scales assessing mental distress, suicide behavior risk, psychological well‐being, and resilience.ResultsStudents in all 4 years of dental school completed the survey (62% response rate). Most students reported high resilience, positive psychological well‐being, and moderate mental distress, with mental health challenges spiking in the D2 and D3 years. Resilience emerged as a protective factor for student mental health. Years in school did not retain a significant impact on mental health when controlling for resilience.ConclusionsResilience is important in bolstering dental students' mental health. Dental students’ mental health challenges increased during the D2 and D3 years. Dental educators may positively influence student well‐being by taking measures that foster resilience at the beginning of and midway through dental school.
Food security reduces multiple HIV infection risks for high‐vulnerability adolescent mothers and non‐mothers in South Africa: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cluver Lucie , Rudgard William E. , Toska Elona , Orkin Mark , Ibrahim Mona , Langwenya Nontokozo , Kuo Caroline , Xaba Nonhlanhla , Roehm Kai , Smith Michael , Bernardini Sara , Giordana Giovanni , Mumma Manaan , Kingori James , Yates Rachel , Sherr Lorraine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent girls and young women, including adolescent mothers, in Southern Africa have high HIV seroconversion and transmission. We need to know which risks drive HIV infections, and what can reduce these risks.MethodsWe interviewed 1712 adolescent girls and young women (11–23 years), including 1024 adolescent mothers who had conceived before age 20 and had a living child, from two health municipalities of South Africa's Eastern Cape Province between March 2018 and July 2019. Recruitment was through multiple community, school and health facility channels. Associations between adolescent motherhood and seven HIV risk behaviours (multiple sexual partners, transactional sex, age‐disparate sex, condomless sex, sex on substances, alcohol use and not in education or employment) were investigated using the generalized estimating equations method for multiple outcomes specified with a logit link and adjusting for nine covariates. Using the same model, we investigated associations between having enough food at home every day in the past week (food security) and the same seven HIV risk behaviours. When we found evidence of moderation by HIV status, we report stratum‐specific odds ratios.ResultsMean age was 17.51 years (SD: 2.54), 46% participants were living with HIV. Compared to non‐mothers, adolescent mothers had lower odds of alcohol use (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.29–0.75), but higher odds of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.35–2.74), age‐disparate sex (HIV‐uninfected AOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.03–2.91; living with HIV AOR = 5.10, 95% CI = 2.98–8.73), condomless sex (AOR = 8.20, 95% CI = 6.03–11.13), sex on substances (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.10–3.21) and not in education/employment (HIV‐uninfected AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.19–2.83; living with HIV AOR = 6.30, 95% CI = 4.09–9.69). Among non‐mothers, food security was associated with lower odds of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.26–0.78), transactional sex (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.13–0.82) and not in education/employment (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29–0.77). Among adolescent mothers, food security was associated with lower odds of transactional sex (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.10–0.28), age‐disparate sex (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47–0.92), sex on substances (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32–0.82), alcohol use (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.25–0.79) and not in education/employment (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40–0.78).ConclusionsAdolescent motherhood is associated with multiple vulnerabilities to HIV infection and transmission. Social protection measures that increase food security are likely to reduce HIV risk pathways for adolescent girls and young women, especially adolescent mothers.