bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between S1 screw loosening and postoperative outcome in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Xu Fei , Zhou Siyu , Zou Da , Li Weishi , Sun Zhuoran , Jiang Shuai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
When choosing S1 as the lowest level of instrumentation, there are many complications may come out such as S1 screw loosening. Facing this problem, there has been various techniques for the protection of S1 screw including sacropelvic fixation, bicortical or tricortical insertion of S1 screw.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the risk factors for the S1 screw loosening, then to demonstrate the relationship between S1 screw loosening and postoperative outcome for patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).

Methods
Patients who underwent lumbosacral fixation for DLS were evaluated retrospectively. They were divided into two groups according to the S1 pedicle screw at the follow-up. Age, gender, bone mineral density, body mass index, history of smoking, the number of instrumented levels, comorbidities, complications and radiological parameters were collected. We established logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors for S1 screw loosening and multiple linear regression to identify whether S1 screw loosening would influence postoperative clinical outcome.

Results
S1 screw loosening rate was up to 41.0% (32/78). Patients were older in the S1 screw loosening group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the rate of osteoporosis was higher in screw loosening group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Older age and osteoporosis were independent risk factors for S1 screw loosening (P < 0.05). In the screw loosening group, the rate of hypertension was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The relationship of S1 screw loosening and ODI was not significant in the multiple linear regression (P > 0.05). The clinical outcome was similar in the S1 screw loosening group and control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Older age and osteoporosis are independent risk factors for the S1 screw loosening. Patients with complication of S1 screw loosening are not always along with worse clinical outcome. We should consider potential benefit, complications and medical cost when choosing the lowest instrumented vertebrae for patients with DLS.
Extract of Corallodiscus flabellata attenuates renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice via the Wnt/β-catenin/RAS signaling pathway
Authors: Cao Bing , Zeng Mengnan , Si Yanpo , Zhang Beibei , Wang Yangyang , Xu Ruiqi , Huang Yanjie , Feng Weisheng , Zheng Xiaoke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Fibrosis is one of the most common pathological features of the aging process of the kidney, and fibrosis in aging kidneys also aggravates the process of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt (C. flabellata, CF) is a commonly used botanical drug in Chinese folklore. However, few studies have reported its pharmacological effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of CF ethanol extract on renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice and identify potentially active compounds.

Methods
Senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) were used as animal models, and different doses of CF were given by gavage for one month. To observe the degree of renal aging in mice using β-galactosidase staining. Masson staining and the expression levels of Col-I, α-SMA, and FN were used to evaluate the renal fibrosis in mice. The protein expression levels of Nrf2 pathway and Wnt/β-catenin/RAS pathway in the kidney were measured. And β-galactosidase (β-gal) induced NRK-52E cells as an in vitro model to screen the active components of CF.

Results
The CF ethanol extract significantly inhibited the activity of renal β-galactosidase and the expression levels of Col-I, α-SMA, and FN in SAMP8 mice, and improved Masson staining in SAMP8 mice. CF remarkably reduced urinary protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in SAMP8 mice, and significantly increased the levels of SOD and GSH-Px. Moreover, CF activated the Nrf2 pathway and blocked the Wnt/β-catenin/RAS pathway in the kidneys of mice. Besides, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (SDC-0-14, 16) and (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-[4-O-trans-caffeoyl-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (SDC-1-8) were isolated from CF, which reduced the senescence of NRK-52E cells, and maybe the active ingredients of CF playing the anti-aging role.

Conclusions
Our experiments illuminated that CF ethanol extract may ameliorate renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice via the Wnt/β-catenin/RAS pathway. And SDC-0-14,16 and SDC-1-8 may be the material basis for CF to exert anti-renal senescence-related effects.
Cost-effectiveness of comprehensive preventive measures for coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in China
Authors: Ge Xiaoyan , Cui Kai , Ma Honglin , Zhao Siqi , Meng Weihan , Wang Wenbo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) remains one of the most severe occupational diseases in China. Despite the implementation of CWP comprehensive preventive measures, the unreasonable allocation of investment by coal enterprises limits the effect of preventing CWP, especially when the health resources are inadequate. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of comprehensive measures for CWP from the perspective of coal enterprises.

Methods
Comprehensive measures and two primary interventions (engineering controls and individual protective equipment) were selected. A time-dependent Markov model was developed to evaluate cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The input data were collected from the survey and literature. A hypothetical null situation, in which the currently implemented interventions were eliminated, was used as a comparator based on the generalised cost-effectiveness analysis (GCEA) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The primary outcomes of the model were reported in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Uncertainty was verified using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results
The QALYs of the comprehensive measures, engineering controls, and individual protective equipment were 17.60, 17.50, and 16.85 years, respectively. Compared with null, the ICERs of the interventions were 65,044.73, 30,865.15, and 86,952.41 RMB/QALY, respectively. Individual protective equipment was dominated by an ICER of -11,416.02 RMB/QALY compared to engineering controls. Sensitivity analysis suggested the robustness of the results.

Conclusions
The comprehensive preventive measures for CWP that are currently implemented in Chinese state-owned mines are cost-effective. In comprehensive measures, engineering controls are more cost-effective than individual protective equipment. Investment in engineering controls should be increased to improve the cost-effectiveness of preventing CWP.
Risk/benefit tradeoff of habitual physical activity and air pollution on chronic pulmonary obstructive disease: findings from a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Lan , Cai Miao , Li Haitao , Wang Xiaojie , Tian Fei , Wu Yinglin , Zhang Zilong , Lin Hualiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The combined health impact of physical activity (PA) and air pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. We investigated the joint effects of habitual PA and long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on COPD incidence in a prospective population-based cohort.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the UK Biobank. Incidence of COPD was ascertained through linkage to the UK National Health Services register. Annual mean PM2.5 concentration was obtained using land use regression model. PA was measured by questionnaire and wrist-worn accelerometer. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine the associations between PM2.5, PA, and COPD. Additive and multiplicative interactions were examined.

Results
A total of 266,280 participants free of COPD at baseline were included in data analysis with an average follow-up of 10.64 years, contributing to around 2.8 million person-years. Compared with participants with low level of PA, those with higher PA levels had lower risks of COPD incidence [hazard ratio (HR): 0.769, 95% CI: 0.720, 0.820 for moderate level; HR: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.679, 0.776 for high level]. By contrast, PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of COPD (HR per interquartile range increment: 1.065, 95% CI: 1.032, 1.099). Limited evidence of interaction between habitual PA and PM2.5 exposure was found. Similar results were found for accelerometer-measured PA.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that habitual PA could reduce risk of COPD incidence, and such protective effects were not affected by ambient PM2.5 pollution exposure.
Splicing factor derived circular RNA circCAMSAP1 accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumorigenesis via a SERPINH1/c-Myc positive feedback loop
Authors: Wang Yian , Yan Qijia , Mo Yongzhen , Liu Yuhang , Wang Yumin , Zhang Shanshan , Guo Can , Wang Fuyan , Li Guiyuan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs play an important role in tumor genesis and progression, but they have not been sufficiently studied in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsThe circular RNA,circCAMSAP1,was screened in NPC cells by RNA sequencing analysis. The expression ofcircCAMSAP1in NPC tissues was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization. Wound-healing, transwell, MTT and flow cytometry assays, and nude mouse tumor models were used to explore the effect ofcircCAMSAP1on proliferation and metastasis of NPC in vitro or in vivo. The downstream proteins regulated bycircCAMSAP1were screened using mass spectrometry. The interaction betweencircCAMSAP1and theSERPINH1mRNA was identified using the circular RNA immunoprecipitation method and the luciferase reporter assay. The interaction between SERPINH1 and transcription factor c-Myc was verified through Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence. The effect of c-Myc on the generation ofcircCAMSAP1was examined through RT-qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, the splicing factors that promote the production ofcircCAMSAP1were explored by RT-qPCR and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP).ResultsWe found thatcircCAMSAP1was highly expressed in NPC tissues and promoted NPC proliferation and metastasis. Additionally,circCAMSAP1promoted SERPINH1 expression through improvedSERPINH1mRNA stability by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3’UTR) ofSERPINH1. Highly expressed SERPINH1 reduced the ubiquitination-degradation rate of c-Myc, causing increased tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, c-Myc, cooperating with splicing factor 10 (SRSF10), could also promoteCAMSAP1pre-mRNA transcription and back-splicing, forming a positive feedback ofcircCAMSAP1production, resulting in the proliferation and metastasis of NPC.ConclusionsOur findings revealed thatcircCAMSAP1promotes NPC proliferation and metastasis by binding to the 3’UTR ofSERPINH1, suggesting that the positive feedback ofcircCAMSAP1-SERPINH1-c-Myc may serve as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in patients with NPC.
The neurovascular unit in leukodystrophies: towards solving the puzzle
Authors: Zarekiani Parand , Nogueira Pinto Henrique , Hol Elly M. , Bugiani Marianna , de Vries Helga E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe neurovascular unit (NVU) is a highly organized multicellular system localized in the brain, formed by neuronal, glial (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and vascular (endothelial cells and pericytes) cells. The blood–brain barrier, a complex and dynamic endothelial cell barrier in the brain microvasculature that separates the blood from the brain parenchyma, is a component of the NVU. In a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke, dysfunctions of the NVU occurs. There is, however, a lack of knowledge regarding the NVU function in leukodystrophies, which are rare monogenic disorders that primarily affect the white matter. Since leukodystrophies are rare diseases, human brain tissue availability is scarce and representative animal models that significantly recapitulate the disease are difficult to develop. The introduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) now makes it possible to surpass these limitations while maintaining the ability to work in a biologically relevant human context and safeguarding the genetic background of the patient. This review aims to provide further insights into the NVU functioning in leukodystrophies, with a special focus on iPSC-derived models that can be used to dissect neurovascular pathophysiology in these diseases.
Lifetime prevalence and clinical correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth inpatients with eating disorders: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Arnold Sabine , Wiese Antonia , Zaid Sarah , Correll Christoph U. , Jaite Charlotte 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Youths with eating disorders (EDs) engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at higher suicide risk because EDs and NSSI are associated with suicidality. However, epidemiologic data on NSSI lacks in the vulnerable group of youth ED inpatients.

Methods
This retrospective chart review included patients up to 18 years of age with an ICD-10 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R), anorexia nervosa, binge-purge type (AN-BP), and bulimia nervosa (BN), treated at the child and adolescent inpatient department of the University Hospital in Berlin, Germany, between 1990 and 2015. Across and within ED subgroups, lifetime NSSI prevalence, methods of self-harm, and clinical correlates were evaluated. Independent correlations of demographic and clinical factors with NSSI were identified via multivariable regression models.

Results
Of 382 inpatients (median = 15.6 (range = 9–18) years, females = 97.1%), 21.5% reported lifetime NSSI, consisting of cutting = 86.6%, scratching = 12.2%, and hitting = 8.5%. NSSI was more frequent in BN (47.6%) and AN-BP (39.3%) than AN-R (8.3%) (Φ = 0.43). Across ED subgroups, NSSI was associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (AN-R: Φ = 0.55; AN-BP: Φ = 0.69; BN: Φ = 0.78), suicidal ideation (AN-R: Φ = 0.30; AN-BP: Φ = 0.38; BN: Φ = 0.29), and psychiatric medication use (AN-R: Φ = 0.23; AN-BP: Φ = 0.64; BN: Φ = 0.60). In multivariable regression analyses, NSSI was independently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (AN-R: OR = 2.93 [1.42, 6.04]; AN-BP: OR = 2.67 [1.13, 6.31]; BN: OR = 3.75 [1.71, 8.23]). Additionally, independent correlates with NSSI in AN-R included a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (OR = 0.21 [0.72, 0.64]) and less weekly weight gain (OR = 0.03 [0.02, 0.43]), while in BN, NSSI was correlated with longer inpatient treatment duration (OR = 1.01 [1.00, 1.02]).

Conclusions
There is a high lifetime prevalence of NSSI among youth with AN and BN requiring inpatient treatment, especially those with binge-purge behaviors. Treatment programs must be tailored to address psychiatric comorbidities and suicidality to improve patient care and suicide prevention.
Trial registration: This study was not considered a clinical trial but a retrospective chart review based on routinely assessed clinical parameters. The study includes data from human participants, however: (1) no intervention and no prospective assignment to interventions were performed, and (2) no evaluation of an intervention on participants was accomplished.
A pan-cancer landscape of telomeric content shows that RAD21 and HGF alterations are associated with longer telomeres
Authors: Sharaf Radwa , Montesion Meagan , Hopkins Julia F. , Song Jiarong , Frampton Garrett M. , Albacker Lee A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer cells can proliferate indefinitely through telomere maintenance mechanisms. These mechanisms include telomerase-dependent elongation, mediated by TERT activation, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), linked to loss of ATRX or DAXX.

Methods
We analyzed the telomeric content of 89,959 tumor samples within the Foundation Medicine dataset and investigated the genomic determinants of high telomeric content, linking them to clinical outcomes, when available.

Results
Telomeric content varied widely by disease type with leiomyosarcoma having the highest and Merkel cell carcinoma having the lowest telomeric content. In agreement with previous studies, telomeric content was significantly higher in samples with alterations in TERC, ATRX, and DAXX. We further identified that amplifications in two genes, RAD21 and HGF, were enriched in samples with high telomeric content, which was confirmed using the PCAWG/ICGC dataset. We identified the minimal amplified region associated with high telomeric content for RAD21 (8q23.1–8q24.12), which excludes MYC, and for HGF (7q21.11). Our results demonstrated that RAD21 and HGF exerted an additive telomere lengthening effect on samples with existing alterations in canonical genes previously associated with telomere elongation. Furthermore, patients with breast cancer who harbor RAD21 alterations had poor median overall survival and trended towards higher levels of Ki-67 staining.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of the role played by RAD21 (8q23.1–8q24.12) and HGF (7q21.11) in the lengthening of telomeres, supporting unlimited replication in tumors. These findings open avenues for work aimed at targeting this crucial pathway in tumorigenesis.
Models and performance of SBAS and PPP of BDS
Authors: Chen Junping , Zhang Yize , Yu Chao , Wang Ahao , Song Ziyuan , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSatellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) is one of the services provided by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). It broadcasts four types of differential corrections to improve user application performance. These corrections include the State Space Representation (SSR) based satellite orbit/clock corrections and ionospheric grid corrections, and the Observation Space Representation (OSR) based partition comprehensive corrections. The algorithms generating these SBAS corrections are not introduced in previous researches, and the user SBAS positioning performance with the contribution of BDS-3 has not been evaluated. In this paper, we present the BDS SBAS algorithms for these differential corrections in detail. Four types of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) function models for BDS Dual-Frequency (DF) and Single-Frequency (SF) users using the OSR and SSR parameters are also proposed. One week of data in 2020 is collected at 20 reference stations including the observations of both BeiDou-2 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) and BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) satellites, and the PPP under various scenarios are performed using all the datasets and the BDS SBAS broadcast corrections. The results show that the performance of BDS-2/BDS-3 combination is superior to that of BDS-2 only constellation. The positioning errors in Root Mean Square (RMS) for the static DF PPP are better than 8 cm/15 cm in horizontal/vertical directions, while for the static SF PPP are 11 cm/24 cm. In the scenarios of simulated kinematic PPP, three Dimension (3D) positioning errors can reach 0.5 m in less than 10 min for the DF PPP and 30 min for the SF PPP, and the RMSs of the DF and SF PPP are better than 17 cm/21 cm and 20 cm/32 cm in horizontal/vertical directions. In a real-time single- and dual-frequency kinematic positioning test, the positioning errors of all three components can reach 0.5 m within 30 min, and the positioning accuracy after solution convergence in the N, E and U directions is better than 0.3 m.
Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders in Autoimmune Addison Disease
Authors: Meling Stokland Ann-Elin , Ueland Grethe , Lima Kari , Grønning Kaja , Finnes Trine E , Svendsen Margrethe , Ewa Tomkowicz Aneta , Emblem Holte Synnøve , Therese Sollid Stina , Debowska Aleksandra , Singsås Hallvard , Landsverk Rensvik Marthe , Lejon Helle , Sørmo Dag-Erik , Svare Anders , Blika Sigrid , Milova Petya , Korsgaard Elin , Husby Øystein , Breivik Lars , Jørgensen Anders P , Sverre Husebye Eystein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common endocrine comorbidity in autoimmune Addison disease (AAD), but detailed investigations of prevalence and clinical course are lacking.

Objective
This work aimed to provide comprehensive epidemiological and clinical data on autoimmune thyroid disorders in AAD.

Methods
A nationwide registry-based study including 442 patients with AAD and autoimmune thyroid disease were identified through the Norwegian National Registry of Autoimmune Diseases.

Results
Of 912 registered AAD patients, 442 (48%) were diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid disease. A total of 380 (42%) had autoimmune hypothyroidism. Of the 203 with available thyroid function tests at time of diagnosis, 20% had overt hypothyroidism, 73% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 7% had thyroid levels in the normal range. Negative thyroid peroxidase antibodies was found in 32%. Ninety-eight percent were treated with levothyroxine, 5% with combination therapy with liothyronine or thyroid extracts, and 1% were observed without treatment. Seventy-eight patients (9%) were diagnosed with Graves disease (GD), of whom 16 (21%) were diagnosed with autoimmune hypothyroidism either before onset or after remission of GD. At the end of follow-up, 33% had normal thyroid hormone levels without antithyroid-drugs or levothyroxine treatment. The remaining had either active disease (5%), had undergone ablative treatment (41%), or had developed autoimmune hypothyroidism (21%).

Conclusion
The true prevalence of hypothyroidism in AAD is lower than reported in the current literature. Careful consideration of the indication to start thyroxin therapy is warranted. Long-term remission rates in GD patients with AAD are comparable to recent reports on long-term follow-up of patients without AAD.
Retailer Inventory Sharing in Two-Tier Supply Chains: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Davis Andrew M. , Huang Rihuan , Thomas Douglas J. 
Published: February 2022

When multiple retailers hold inventory to satisfy random demand, retailer inventory-sharing strategies can potentially reduce the supply-demand mismatch and increase overall supply chain performance. In this paper, we experimentally investigate alternative inventory-sharing strategies in a two-tier supply chain with an upstream manufacturer and two downstream retailers. In one setting, retailers act as if they are centralized and use a single quantity to fulfill joint demand. In the other, retailers are decentralized and face separate demands, but they can transfer inventory after demands are realized. In this latter decentralized scenario, we also consider whether the manufacturer or retailers have decision authority over the inventory transfer price. One key result is that when the retailers are decentralized and the manufacturer sets the transfer price, both retailers and the manufacturer earn higher profits than in the centralized retailer strategy, which runs counter to theory. We also find that when retailers are decentralized and set their own transfer price, the most equitable distribution of profits is achieved. In an effort to account for these results, we find that a model of fairness captures decisions well. Overall, by investigating how different inventory-sharing strategies affect the distribution of profits in a two-tier supply chain, our results provide guidance to firms considering how, if at all, they should enter such arrangements.This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management.Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Cornell University and the University of Virginia.Supplemental Material: The data files and electronic companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4323 .