bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early alterations of CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells (Bregs) in patients with sepsis
Authors: Bai Jianwen , Wang Chunmei Chunmei , Xu Huihui , Leng Fengying , Huo Fangjie , Li Yinzhen , Liu Siting , Xu Mingzheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Sepsis still remains a major challenge in intensive care medicine with unacceptably high mortality in patients with septic shock. Due to the current limitations of human CD20+CD24+CD38+ Breg (Breg) cells studies among sepsis, here, we tried to evaluate the early alterations of Breg cells and its severity and prognostic value in patients with sepsis.Methods: Peripheral blood from 58 patients with sepsis and 22 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry to evaluate the frequency and numbers of Breg cells. All cases were divided into the sepsis group and septic shock group according to sepsis 3.0 criteria and were grouped according to whether they non-survived (dead group) or survived (alive group) followed up until death or 28 days after enrollment and were compared the differences of Breg cells frequency and numbers, separately. Interleukin (IL)-10 serum levels were measured by ELISA. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed on the Breg cell frequency and clinical indices. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Breg cells for the prognosis of sepsis. Survival curve analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to estimate the value of Breg cells in prognosis among cases with sepsis. Results: Compared to controls, sepsis patients had decreased proportions and numbers of Breg cells in their peripheral blood and increased serum levels of IL-10. The sepsis patients with low frequency of Breg cells were associated with an increased risk of septic shock. Breg cells frequency is inversely associated with lactate, SOFA and APACHE II and positively correlated with Treg frequency. Low levels of Breg cells were associated with an increased risk of death in patients with sepsis. The patients with lower Breg cells frequency and numbers showed a shorter overall survival. Numbers of Breg cells were prediction factors for poor prognosis.Conclusions: For sepsis patients, the frequency and numbers of Breg cells were decreased, and low frequency and numbers of Breg cells revealed poor prognosis. Breg cells may be used as a reliable resource in the determination of sepsis severity and prognosis.
Impact of different unconditional monetary incentives on survey response rates in men with prostate cancer: a 2-arm SWAT
Authors: McIntosh Megan , Opozda Melissa J , O’Callaghan Michael , Vincent Andrew D , Galvão Daniel A. , Short Camille E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Men are often viewed as a difficult group to recruit for psychological research, including in psycho-oncology. Whilst research has demonstrated the effectiveness of monetary incentives for encouraging research participation, little research has examined different large unconditional incentive amounts. Larger unconditional incentives may result in increased participation of men in psychological research. This randomised study within a case-control trial of men diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer aimed to investigate whether (a) response rates to a 30-minute questionnaire completed via mail, online, or phone would vary with different unconditional incentive amounts, and (b) demographics would vary in those who responded within the different incentive groups. Methods: We conducted this randomised study within a case-control cross-sectional study aiming to identify the social-ecological factors influcing treatment discontinuation in prostate cancer patients. A total of 238 participants from the cross-sectional study were randomised to receive one of two unconditional incentives (n=121 received AUD$10, n=117 received AUD$20) with the study materials (consent form and survey). Results: Overall, 113 (47%) responded; n=61/121 (50.4%) in the AUD$10 group, and n=52/117 (44.4%) in the AUD$20 group. No difference was found in response rates by incentive group (odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI=0.76-2.12, p=0.36). Additionally, there were no differences in the demographics of the responders vs. non-responders within each incentive group (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Unlike previous research, we were unable to show that higher monetary incentives were more effective for increasing response rates. An AUD$20 unconditional incentive may be no more effective than a lesser amount for encouraging prostate cancer survivors to participate in research involving long questionnaires. Future research should consider the cost-benefits of providing large unconditional incentives, as non-responses will result in lost resources perhaps better utilised in other engagement strategies.
Ethylene and polyamines interact in rice spikelet degeneration in response to water stress during meiosis
Authors: Chu Guang , Chen Song , Xu Chunmei , Liu Yuanhui , Zhang Xiufu , Wang Danying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether an interaction existed between ethylene and polyamines (PAs), which mediated the effects of water stress (WS) during meiosis on rice (Oryza sativa L.) spikelet degeneration. Two indica hybrid rice cultivars, HY113 (a drought-resistant rice cultivar) and ZZY8 (a drought-susceptible rice cultivar), were used in the present study, which were exposed to two soil moisture treatments: well water (WW) and WS. The spikelet degeneration rate (SDR) in WS plants increased by 12.1% for HY113 and 29.5% for ZZY8 compared with WW plants. The concentration of free spermidine (Spd) and free spermine (Spm) and the activities of S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase and Spd synthase were all significantly reduced in young panicles by the WS, with more reduction for ZZY8 than for HY113. The ethylene evolution rate, the concentrations of putrescine (Put), 1-aminocylopropane-1-car-boxylic acid (ACC), and H2O2, and the activities of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase in young panicles significantly increased for both cultivars under WS treatment, with more increase for ZZY8 than for HY113. Furthermore, when Spd or aminoethoxyvinylglycine (an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis) was applied to the young panicles of WS plants in the pollen mother cell meiosis prophase, the SDR significantly reduced. An opposite effect was observed when ACC or methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis) was applied to young panicles of WS plants. The results of the present study suggested the existence of an antagonistic interaction between ethylene and PA biosynthesis, which likely mediated the effect of WS during meiosis on rice spikelet degeneration.
KIT-c-Jun Signaling Up-regulated HMGCS1 to Promote Colorectal Cancer Development
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Khawar , Yang Liu , Sun Haimei , Sun Tingyi , Wu Bo , Ma Jian , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Yang Shu , Zhou Deshan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks 2nd in morbidity and 3rd in mortality among all cancers worldwide. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) is ubiquitously expressed in humans. Remarkably, the mevalonate pathway is often dysregulated in many cancers, suggesting tumor dependency on this classic metabolic pathway. In addition to altered substrates in the mevalonate pathway, it was recently found that HMGCS1 was highly expressed in prostate, melanoma and breast cancers. The transmembrane glycoprotein KIT is critical for the survival and development of various cells through activating downstream pathways and targets. Our previous research has proved that KIT is hyper-expressed in CRC and promotes CRC progression. However, whether HMGCS1 mediates the tumor-promoting effect of KIT signaling has not been unclosed.
Material and Methods
We investigated the regulatory mechanism of KIT signaling on HMGCS1 expression and the role of increased HMGCS1 in CRC development by the use of gene over-expression and knock-down techniques in CRC cells, biological function tests, protein-DNA binding detection, bioinformatics, database analysis and c-kit loss-of-function mutant mice (Wadsm/m).
Results
HMGCS1 was up-regulated by KIT-JNK-c-Jun signaling in CRC cells and could be a biomarker for CRC. Highly expressed HMCGS1 promoted CRC cell proliferation and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis. Our results provided evidence for the role of HMGCS1 in CRC progression and suggested that blocking KIT-JNK-c-Jun-HMGCS1 might be a new strategy for treating CRC patients.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that KIT signaling could up-regulate HMGCS1 in CRC mediated by Ap-1/c-Jun. Hyper-expressed HMGCS1 promotes CRC cell proliferation and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis.
Knowledge, Impact and Ethical Issues of Cancer Genomics among Oncologists
Authors: Sharawy Iman , Yassin Mohamed , Kelany Mohamed , Mostafa Ahmad , Orabi Mohamed El , Wasly Nancy El 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rapid advances in cancer genomic technologies not only affected testing and treatment but also have resulted in innumerable possibilities for research. This study was conducted to assess current knowledge of clinical cancer genomics, research, related ethical issues, and future impact among oncologists to help direct tailored competency-based curriculum development. A web-based survey was developed and organized into four sections: demographic information, cancer genomics knowledge, oncologists' perception of cancer genomics' future impact; and related ethical issues. Ninety percent of respondents were Egyptians, 83% knew what cancer genomics is and 66% knew its basic areas. Eighty-three % thought that cancer genomics will have an impact in the next 5 years. Nearly half (46%) of the respondents thought that there is a clear boundary between cancer genomics research and clinical care. Most oncologists refused using genetic data sharing (80%) or data transfer (79%) to third parties without consent. The core competencies of the proposed curriculum were then developed. There were 20 core competencies organized in two main domains: knowledge and skills (12 on knowledge and 8 on skills) for cancer genomics and associated ethics. Our findings could benchmark standards for postgraduate curriculum development of cancer genomics and its related ethics issues.
Molecular Identification of Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium Species complex from Soil in Sudan
Authors: Mhmoud Najwa A¹ 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Species of the genus Scedosporium is a complex of ubiquitous filamentous fungal species that distributed varies according to geographic region. Several Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium species are indicator organisms of pollution in soil and water. In addition, the fungi may cause life-threatening infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. This work aimed to investigate the environmental fungal occurrence of Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium species by using morphological characters and molecular sequencing. Results: Our results demonstrate that the most frequently recovered species of Scedosporium from environmental samples belonged to the Scedosporium apiospermum species complex in soil and water collected from 18 Sudanese states. These strains were identified according to their microscopic morphology and further confirmed by BT2 gene (98-100%sequence similarity) Scedosporium apiospermum was the microorganism most commonly recovered with 1662 isolates, followed by Scedosporium. boydii with 1168 , Scedosporium aurantiacum with 192 isolates, Scedosporium dehoogii with 22 isolates and Scedosporium angustum with 15 isolates .Conclusion: In conclusion, the data herein presented suggest that the presence of high numbers of Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium boydii isolates in Sudanese environment may be relevant to their relative prevalence as causative agents of infection. Further surveys targeted at the environments of particular at risk groups patients, are indicated as are studies examining the genetic relatedness of environmental and clinical isolates using molecular-based tools.
Bee venom induced the interaction of phosphorylated histone variant, γH2AX, and intracellular location of beta actin in cancer cells
Authors: tetikoğlu sinan , uzuner Selcen çelik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bee venom is a natural compound and candidate anti-cancer agent with selective cytotoxic effect on some cancer cells. However, the cellular mechanisms of how bee venom selectively targets cancer cells remain elusive. The aim of this study was to reveal the genotoxic effect of bee venom in concordance with the location of β-actin protein throughout nucleus or/and cytoplasm. For this aim, the level of H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) and intracellular location of β-actin were assessed by immunofluorescence in liver (HEPG2) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines compared to normal fibroblasts (NIH3T3) after bee venom. Co-localisation of γH2AX and β-actin were also analysed. The results showed that the levels of γH2AX staining decreased in normal cells but increased in cancer cells. Majority of β-actin was localised within the cytoplasm of normal cells after bee venom, but it was mostly accumulated within the nucleus in cancer cells. Co-localisation of β-actin and γH2AX both in nucleus and cytoplasm was induced in each cell by different patterns. The results showed that normal and cancerous cells had different responses against bee venom, and suggested that bee venom induced a cellular response by the interaction between γH2AX and β-actin.
Remote influence on intraseasonal variability of rainfall over Vietnam. Part 1: Observed composites
Authors: Le Hong Hanh , Hall Nicholas M.J. , Ngo-Duc Thanh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Remote influences on anomalous rainfall over North, Central and South Vietnam during extended summer (May-October) are explored using a 38-year (1979-2016) global dataset. Composites of wet and dry events with lags of up to two weeks are assembled for rainfall indices over these three subregions. The moisture budget and the large-scale dynamics associated with these events are described.
The moisture budget for composite precipitation events is examined using vertically integrated moisture flux convergence, vertically integrated tendency and evaporation. Variations are mainly explained by the flux convergence, which is seen to serve as a reasonable proxy for intraseasonal variability in rainfall.
Rainfall extremes of opposing signs show markedly asymmetrical large-scale precursors and different pathways of influence. Wet and dry events in North and Central Vietnam are seen to originate from Europe and propagate at high latitudes. The exact nature of the precursors is sensitive to the definition of the composite index. There is also a pathway of influence along the Asian jet, which impacts South Vietnam, especially for wet events which often coincide with dry events in the north. South and Central Vietnam are also influenced by tropical divergent precursors, which are again asymmetric between wet and dry events.
Assessment of Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study of Bitter Melon Seed Extract from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2) Extraction in Wistar Rats
Authors: Chung Wan-Yu , Nath Hritika , Hsu Pang-Kuei , Kuan Chen-Meng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seed extracts exert hypoglycemic effects on animals and humans, but their safety and toxicological effects are still controversial in pregnant women. This study aims to assess the prenatal developmental toxicity of a bitter melon seed extract prepared from supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction in Wistar rats based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline No. 414. The extract was administered orally from gestation day (GD) 5 to 19, through gavage, to 25 mated female rats per group at the dose levels of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, and all rats were sacrificed on GD 20. There were no mortality, morbidity, and obvious clinical signs of toxicity observed in the control and treatment groups. The results of body weight, weight gain, reproductive parameters (e.g., live/dead foetuses, sex ratio, anogenital distance), fetal examination (i.e., external and visceral observations), organ weight, and thyroid hormone analysis (i.e., tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)) in all treatment groups were comparable with those of the control group. The changes in the mean body weight at GD 20, carcass weight in the middle and high groups, and the number of unossified xiphisternum in the high group were considered treatment related but non-adverse. Moreover, gross pathological examination did not find any abnormal lesions in vital organs and thyroid gland. Accordingly, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the bitter melon seed extract for maternal and developmental toxicity was determined to be 1000 mg/kg BW.
Effect of Fluid Shear Stress on Apoptosis and Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Jiao Fei , Zhang Xiao , Ye Chongyang , Sun Qing , Gao Yan , Liu Chenglin , Huo Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mechanical cues, including fluid shear stress (FSS) of interstitial flow within bone cavities, induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, whether FSS leads to the apoptosis of MSCs and its relation with osteogenic differentiation are still unclear. In this study, the effect of FSS on apoptosis and osteogenesis of MSCs is investigated. FSS is applied intermittently to MSCs through a cone-plate flow chamber system for 3 d. And results show that FSS inhibits the apoptosis of MSCs. Compared with static culture group, FSS promotes osteogenesis, as shown by the expression of three osteogenic differentiation markers, namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and collagen I (COL I). Double staining of individual cells shows that the relationship of apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is mutually exclusive. YAP may mediate the FSS-inhibiting apoptosis of MSCs. The results will further elucidate the mechanism of mechanical stimulation-induced bone remodeling.
Expression of breast cancer resistant protein and P-glycoprotein in cultured primary bovine mammary epithelial cells isolated from tissue and milk
Authors: Roux-Pullen Lerica Le , de Laarschot Vienna Van , Doelen Marjolein Oosterveer-van der , Gehring Ronette 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A tight monolayer of mammary epithelial cells, in which the transporter expression is well characterised, could be a useful in vitro model for studying how chemicals cross the blood-milk-barrier (BMB) and accumulate in milk. The efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is the predominant efflux transporter in the BMB. In order for an in vitro cell culture model to mimic the in vivo BMB, the expression of BCRP should be higher than that of the efflux transporter p-glycoprotein (P-gp). The aim of the study reported in this communication was to determine the relationship between the transcription of ABCG2 and ABCB1 (encoding for BCRP and P-gp respectively) in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells in culture. Cells were sourced from both lactating udder tissue after routine slaughter of the donor, and then cryopreserved until use, as well as from fresh, raw milk of healthy cows in mid-lactation. In this study a total of 18 RNA samples from 18 individual trypsinisations, originating from 6 individual isolations (3 milk isolations and 3 udder tissue isolations) were analysed by rt-PCR. In all eighteen samples analysed, the mRNA detected for P-gp was higher per sample than the mRNA detected for BCRP. In six samples no mRNA for BCRP was detected at 40 amplification cycles. Our study showed that when pbMEC is cultured in the proliferation medium as described, P-gp mRNA expression is consistently higher than BCRP mRNA expression. This relationship is the inverse of the relationship between BCRP and P-gp in the BMB in vivo.
The mechanism of a humid climate on the joints of normal rats and collagen- induced arthritis rats: mutual effects on faecal metabolism and microbial diversity
Authors: Wang Dingnan , Zheng Zhili , Yu Han , Dou Dou , Gao Yining , Xu Shuang , Li Zhiming , Sun Lili , Qiu Xudong , Zhong Xianggen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundStudies have shown that high humidity is a condition that aggravates the pain of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the relevant mechanism is controversial. Currently, there is a lack of animal experimental studies on high humidity as an adverse factor related to the pathogenesis of RA.MethodsWe used healthy SD rats and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats to investigate the effects of high humidity on arthritis in healthy rats and CIA rats. Integrated metabolomics analyses of faeces and 16S rRNA sequencing of the faecal microbiota were performed to comprehensively analyse the results and diversity of the faecal microbiota and metabolites in healthy rats and CIA rats.ResultsIn this study, high humidity aggravated arthritis in CIA rats, including articular cartilage lesions, arthritis scores, and proinflammatory cytokines. High humidity had a certain effect on articular cartilage extent, arthritis score and proinflammatory cytokines of healthy rats. Furthermore, high humidity caused significant changes in faecal microbes and faecal metabolites in healthy and CIA rats. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA unit in faecal samples showed that high humidity aggravated inflammation-related bacteria in healthy and CIA rats. Faecal metabolomics results showed that high humidity significantly altered faecal metabolites in healthy rats and CIA rats, and the changes in biological functions were mainly related to the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Combined analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between the faecal microbiota and faecal metabolites.ConclusionHigh humidity is an adverse factor for the onset and development of RA, and its mechanism is related to the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. However, how high humidity leads to the pathogenesis of RA needs to be further determined.