bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-Chiral Phosphine Sulfide Synthesis by Combination of Enzymatic Desymmetrization and Successive Deformylative P–C Cross-Couplings
Authors: Ohta Hidetoshi , Hayashi Minoru , Nakashima Yoshiki , Kayahara Kento , Hashimoto Naoki , Tanaka Ippei , Tadokoro Tomoki , Watanabe Yutaka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA process for the synthesis of P-chiral triarylphosphine sulfides via sequential Pd-catalyzed stereospecific P–C coupling reactions of P-chiral precursors prepared by enzymatic desymmetrization was developed. Three independent aryl substituents could be introduced onto the P atom by the sequential P–C couplings under mild conditions while retaining the high enantiopurity.
An Efficient Synthesis of a Highly Functionalized Dihydrobenzo­thiophene Derivative: A Ring-Contracted Analogue of the Anti-inflammatory Drug Propoxicam
Authors: Menéndez J. Carlos , Tenti Giammarco , Clerigué José , Ramos M. Teresa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA five-step route to a ring-contracted analogue of the oxicam derivative propoxicam from thiosalicylic acid, sarcosine and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine is described. The route has as key steps the base-promoted cross-Claisen coupling of protected sarcosine and thiosalicylic acid derivatives, the installation of a β-ketoamide moiety and a final Hg(II)-induced cyclization that creates the C–S bond of the benzothiophen-3-one core.
Building Chemical Probes Based on the Natural Products YM-254890 and FR900359: Advances toward Scalability
Authors: Blumer Kendall J. , Moeller Kevin D. , Medcalf Matthew R. , Krueger Ruby L. , Medcalf Zach T. , Rosston Peter A. , Zhu Yu , Kaltenbronn Kevin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biological activity of natural products YM-254890 (YM) and FR900359 (FR) has led to significant interest in both their synthesis and the construction of more simplified analogs. While the simplified analogs lose much of the potency of the natural products, they are of interest in their own right, and their synthesis has revealed synthetic barriers to the family of molecules that need to be addressed if a scalable synthesis of YM and FR analogs is to be constructed. In the work described here, a synthetic route to simplified analogs of YM is examined and strategies for circumventing some of the challenges inherent to constructing the molecules are forwarded.
Artificial intelligence using deep learning analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography images for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses
Authors: Kuwahara Takamichi , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Haba Shin , Okuno Nozomi , Kuraishi Yasuhiro , Fumihara Daiki , Yanaidani Takafumi , Ishikawa Sho , Yasuda Tsukasa , Yamada Masanori , Onishi Sachiyo , Yamada Keisaku , Tanaka Tsutomu , Tajika Masahiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Yamaguchi Rui , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background There are several types of pancreatic mass, so it is important to distinguish between them before treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a mathematical technique that automates learning and recognition of data patterns. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of our AI model using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images of multiple types of pancreatic mass (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC], pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma [PASC], acinar cell carcinoma [ACC], metastatic pancreatic tumor [MPT], neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC], neuroendocrine tumor [NET], solid pseudopapillary neoplasm [SPN], chronic pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis [AIP]).
Methods Patients who underwent EUS were included in this retrospective study. The included patients were divided into training, validation, and test cohorts. Using these cohorts, an AI model that can distinguish pancreatic carcinomas from noncarcinomatous pancreatic lesions was developed using a deep-learning architecture and the diagnostic performance of the AI model was evaluated.
Results 22 000 images were generated from 933 patients. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (95 %CI) of the AI model for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinomas in the test cohort were 0.90 (0.84–0.97), 0.94 (0.88–0.98), 0.82 (0.68–0.92), and 0.91 (0.85–0.95), respectively. The per-category sensitivities (95 %CI) of each disease were PDAC 0.96 (0.90–0.99), PASC 1.00 (0.05–1.00), ACC 1.00 (0.22–1.00), MPT 0.33 (0.01–0.91), NEC 1.00 (0.22–1.00), NET 0.93 (0.66–1.00), SPN 1.00 (0.22–1.00), chronic pancreatitis 0.78 (0.52–0.94), and AIP 0.73 (0.39–0.94).
Conclusions Our developed AI model can distinguish pancreatic carcinomas from noncarcinomatous pancreatic lesions, but external validation is needed.
Prevalence of Proximal Contact Loss between Implant-Supported Prostheses and Adjacent Natural Teeth: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Mosharraf Ramin , Ebadian Behnaz , Javan Mehdi , Isler Sabire , Dezaki Sara Nasrollahi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContact loss between the implant prosthesis and adjacent natural teeth is a clinical complication whose overall prevalence is uncertain. Therefore, the main purpose of this umbrella study was to evaluate the extent of contact loss between implant prostheses and adjacent natural teeth. Electronic database of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was searched until August 2021 without considering language restrictions and according to Preferred Report Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis guidelines (preferential reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis). Inclusion criteria were systematic/meta-analysis review articles related to contact loss between implant prostheses and adjacent natural teeth. Inclusion criteria and risk of bias for the selected systematic/meta-analysis review studies were assessed by two or three qualified researchers, and the fourth researcher was used to resolve the ambiguities. From 43 eligible articles, five systematic/meta-analysis review studies were selected for this study. Important information such as the range of contact points, the prevalence, and the location of the contact loss was extracted. Three research studies had a low risk of bias and were considered clinical evidence. Analysis of low-risk studies showed that the superiority of open contact loss was excessive. Prevalence of proximal contact loss was more in mesial contact, especially in the mandibular arch. No significant differences were reported in sex or between the posterior and anterior regions.
Randomized Trial to Compare Nasoduodenal Tube and Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Infants with Bronchiolitis on High-Flow Nasal Cannula
Authors: Parlar-Chun Raymond L. , Lafferty-Prather Meaghan , Gonzalez Veronica M. , Huh Hanna S. , Degaffe Guenet H. , Evangelista Monaliza S. , Gavvala Sheela , Khera Sofia , Gourishankar Anand 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives In this article, we aimed to determine if there is a difference in length of respiratory support between nasoduodenal (NDT) and nasogastric tube (NGT) feedings in patients with bronchiolitis on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC).
Methods A single-center nonblinded parallel randomized control trial at a tertiary care hospital was designed. Pediatric patients ≤ 12 months old with bronchiolitis, on HFNC, requiring nutrition via a feeding tube were eligible. Patients were randomized to NGT or NDT and stratified into low- and high-risk groups. Length of respiratory support was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, number of emesis events, maximum level of respiratory support, number of X-rays to confirm tube placement, number of attempts to place the tube by staff, adverse events during placement, instances of pediatric intensive care unit admission, and emergency room visits and hospital readmissions within 7 and 30 days after discharge.
Results Forty patients were randomized, 20 in each arm. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. We found no significant difference in length of respiratory support between the two groups (NGT 0.84 incidence rate ratio [0.58, 1.2], p = 0.34). None of the secondary outcomes showed significant differences. Each arm reported one adverse event: nasal trauma in the NGT group and pneumothorax in the NDT group.
Conclusion For infants with bronchiolitis on HFNC that need enteric tube feedings, we find no difference in duration of respiratory support or other clinically relevant outcomes for those with NGT or NDT. These results should be interpreted in the context of a limited sample size and an indirect primary outcome of length of respiratory support that may be influenced by other factors besides aspiration events.
A Retrospective Study of Association of Tumor Budding, Tumor Microenvironment, and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Singh Tanwi , Chandra Kalpana , Kumar Nidhish , Mishra Anuja , Singh Sanjeet , Singh Anju , Kumar Umesh , Kumar Praveen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Tumor budding (TB) has been identified in many solid cancers and thought to be involved in invasion and is the initial step in the metastatic process. Limited information is available documenting the role of tumor budding in breast carcinoma. With this aim, the present study evaluates the association of tumor budding, tumor microenvironment, and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters.
Materials and Methods A total of 102 cases were archived and evaluated for peripheral and intra tumoral budding along with tumor microenvironment on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides.
Statistical Analysis Correlation between tumor budding, tumor microenvironment, and other classical clinicopathological parameters was studied by Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results Females constituted 99 cases out of 102 and 3 were males. We found 55.9% and 44.1% of patients in the age group less than or equal to 50 and greater than 50, respectively. Also, 65.6% of cases presented with small tumor size less than or equal to 5 cm, 80.39% with lymph node metastasis, and 76.4% with lympho-vascular emboli. High peripheral tumoral budding (PTB) was seen in 45.10%, low peripheral tumoral budding in 54.9%, high ITB in 53.9%, and low ITB in 46.1%. Necrosis was found only in 39.21%. Significant statistical association of PTB was found with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular emboli, and tumor necrosis, whereas ITB with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lympho-vascular emboli, and necrosis. Both PTB and ITB showed no statistically significant correlation with age and size of the tumor.
Conclusion Tumor budding is an independent adverse prognostic factor in invasive breast carcinoma. However, further work is needed to establish a standard method for the quantification of this parameter, which will help in effective stratification of patients in terms of disease-free survival and likely outcome.
Evaluation of Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection as a Single Diagnostic Test and When Combined with C-Reactive Protein Level or Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Suspected COVID-19 Subjects
Authors: Mashaly Mervat , El-Emshaty Wafaa M. , Saudy Niveen , El-Deeb Douaa R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Rapid antigen detection tests of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) play a crucial role in the control of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data about the real diagnostic performance of such tests is still insufficient and hence their evaluation is of high priority.
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of BIOCREDIT COVID-19 antigen test alone and in combination with either C-reactive protein (CRP) or neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in comparison to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, we investigated the selection criteria of the suspect for best performance of the antigen test.
Materials and Methods Paired nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected from 200 suspected COVID-19 subjects for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR and for antigen detection by BIOCREDIT test. Simultaneously, for all suspect, clinical presentations were recorded as well as CRP level and NLR were determined.
Results Among 200 tested NP swabs, 125 (62.5%) were RT-PCR positive. Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of BIOCREDIT test were 34.4, 98.7, and 58.5%, respectively. Sensitivity of the BIOCREDIT test was higher in COVID-19 suspect, with high viral load (100%), severely ill (56.2%), with fever alone (40%), elevated CRP (41.1%), and high NLR (36.2%). In combination with NLR or CRP, sensitivity of BIOCREDIT test increased to 89.4 and 81.6%, respectively, while its specificity decreased to 67 and 59%, respectively.
Conclusion The overall low sensitivity of BIOCREDIT/COVID-19 antigen test does not permit its use as a single diagnostic test for COVID-19. However, its use should be restricted only if it is combined with either CRP or NLR in suspect with certain criteria.
Fraturas na criança: Estamos ficando mais cirúrgicos?
Authors: Cunha Luiz Antônio Munhoz da , Pontes Mariana Demétrio de Sousa 
Published: June 2022

ResumoHistoricamente, as cirurgias no esqueleto imaturo eram reservadas às fraturas expostas ou articulares. Nos últimos anos, a melhora na qualidade e segurança das anestesias, novos equipamentos de imagem, implantes desenhados especialmente para fraturas pediátricas, associados à possibilidade de menor tempo de hospitalização e rápido retorno ao convívio social vêm demonstrando uma nova tendência de avaliar e tratar fraturas na criança. O objetivo deste artigo de atualização é responder às seguintes questões: (1) estamos realmente ficando mais cirúrgicos na abordagem das fraturas em crianças? (2) Caso isto seja verdadeiro, esta conduta cirúrgica está baseada em evidências científicas? De fato, nas últimas décadas, a literatura médica demonstra artigos que suportam melhor evolução das fraturas na criança com o tratamento cirúrgico. Nos membros superiores, isto fica muito evidente na sistematização da redução e fixação percutânea das fraturas supracondilianas do úmero e das fraturas de ossos do antebraço. Nos membros inferiores, o mesmo ocorre com fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e tíbia. No entanto, há lacunas na literatura. Os estudos publicados são geralmente com baixa evidência científica. Assim, pode-se deduzir que, mesmo sendo a abordagem cirúrgica mais presente, o tratamento de fraturas pediátricas deve ser sempre individualizado e conduzido de acordo com o conhecimento e experiência do médico profissional, levando em conta a presença de recursos tecnológicos disponíveis para o atendimento do pequeno paciente. Deve-se incluir todas as possibilidades, não cirúrgicas e/ou cirúrgicas, sempre instituindo ações baseadas na ciência e em concordância com os anseios da família.
Cervical Flexor–Extensor Muscle Disparity in Monomelic Amyotrophy (Hirayama Disease): Evidence from a Comprehensive Morphometric Evaluation of Subaxial Paraspinal Musculature
Authors: Thakar Sumit , Rajagopal Niranjana , Alle Prashanth , Aryan Saritha , Hegde Alangar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Monomelic amyotrophy (Hirayama disease) has been established to have accompanied biomechanical abnormalities such as flexion hypermobility and sagittal imbalance. Paraspinal muscles, the major contributor to cervical biomechanics, have, however, not been comprehensively evaluated in the disease. The objective of this study was to compare the morphology of the subaxial cervical paraspinal musculature in patients with and without Hirayama disease.
Materials and Methods A retrospective case-control study of 64 patients with Hirayama disease and 64 age- and sex-matched controls was performed. Cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the superficial and deep flexors and extensors from C3 to C7 were measured on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Student's t-test was used to compare differences between the paraspinal muscle CSAs in the study and control groups.
Results Compared with controls, patients with Hirayama disease were found to have larger flexors and smaller extensors at all levels. The overall subaxial muscle area values for superficial flexors and deep flexors were significantly larger (p < 0.0001) in patients, while the corresponding superficial extensor and deep extensor area values were significantly smaller than in controls (p = 0.01 and < 0.0001, respectively). The patient group demonstrated stronger subaxial deep flexor–deep extensor, superficial flexor–superficial extensor, and total flexor–total extensor ratios (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Patients with Hirayama disease have morphometric alterations at all levels of their subaxial cervical paraspinal musculature. These patients have abnormally large flexors and small extensors compared with controls. This flexor–extensor muscle disparity could be utilized as a potentially modifiable factor in the management of the disease.
Anatomia do ligamento meniscotibial medial do joelho: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Neto Jonatas Brito de Alencar , Santos Amanda Progênio dos , Lopes Márcio Bezerra Gadelha , Lima Lana Lacerda de , Clazzer Renata , Ariel de Lima Diego 
Published: June 2022

Resumo
Objetivos Fazer uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a anatomia dos ligamentos meniscotibiais (LMTs) mediais, e apresentar os achados mais aceitos e a evolução das informações anatômicas sobre essa estrutura.
Materiais e Métodos A busca eletrônica foi realizada nos bancos de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE e Cochrane, sem restrições de data. Os seguintes termos de indexação foram utilizados: anatomy AND meniscotibial AND ligament AND medial. A revisão seguiu as recomendações da declaração de Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA, em inglês). Foram incluídos estudos anatômicos do joelho, como dissecções de cadáveres, investigações histológicas e/ou biológicas, e/ou imagens da anatomia do LMT medial.
Resultados Oito artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados. O primeiro foi publicado em 1984, e o último, em 2020. A amostra total nos 8 artigos foi de 96 pacientes. A maioria dos estudos é puramente descritiva em relação aos achados morfológicos macroscópicos e histológicos microscópicos. Dois estudos avaliaram os aspectos biomecânicos do LMT, e um analisou a correlação anatômica com o exame de ressonância magnética.
Conclusão A principal função do LMT medial, ligamento que se origina na tíbia e se insere no menisco inferior, é estabilizar e manter a posição do menisco no platô tibial. No entanto, há poucas informações sobre LMTs mediais, principalmente em termos de anatomia, vascularização e inervação.
Impacto da COVID-19 no momento de reparo do manguito rotador e método de acompanhamento pós-operatório
Authors: Wang Kevin C. , Butler Liam R. , White Christopher A. , Patel Akshar V. , Parsons Bradford O. , Cagle Paul J. 
Published: June 2022

Resumo
Objetivo O reparo do manguito rotador (RMR) é um dos procedimentos artroscópicos mais comuns. Nossa pesquisa visa quantificar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre o RMR, especificamente em pacientes com lesões agudas e traumáticas.
Métodos Os prontuários institucionais foram consultados para identificação de pacientes submetidos ao RMR artroscópico entre 1° de março e 31 de outubro de 2019 e de 2020. Dados demográficos, pré-operatórios, perioperatórios e pós-operatórios dos pacientes foram coletados de prontuários eletrônicos. Os dados foram analisados por estatística inferencial.
Resultados Totais de 72 e de 60 pacientes foram identificados em 2019 e 2020, respectivamente. Os pacientes de 2019 apresentaram menor intervalo entre a ressonância magnética (RM) e a cirurgia (62,7 ± 70,5 dias versus 115,7 ± 151,0 dias; p = 0,01). Os exames de RM mostraram menor grau médio de retração em 2019 (2,1 ± 1,3 cm versus 2,6 ± 1,2 cm; p = 0,05), mas nenhuma diferença foi observada na extensão anteroposterior da laceração entre os anos (1,6 ± 1,0 cm versus 1,8 ± 1,0 cm; p = 0,17). Em 2019, o número de pacientes atendidos por seus cirurgiões em consultas pós-operatórias por telemedicina foi menor em comparação com 2020 (0,0% versus 10,0%; p = 0,009). Não foram observadas alterações significativas nas taxas de complicação (0,0% versus 0,0%; p > 0,999), de readmissão (0,0% versus 0,0%; p > 0,999) ou de revisão (5,6% versus 0,0%; p = 0,13).
Conclusão Não houve diferenças significativas nos dados demográficos dos pacientes ou nas principais comorbidades entre 2019 e 2020. Nossos dados sugerem que, embora o intervalo entre a RM e a cirurgia tenha sido maior em 2020 e tenha havido necessidade de consultas por telemedicina, o RMR ainda foi realizado em tempo hábil e sem alterações significativas nas complicações precoces.
Nível de Evidência III.
The role of child- and auditory-related factors on speech and language indices among cochlear-implanted children
Authors: Zamani Peyman , Rezaei Mohammad , Lotfi Gohar , Farahani Farhad , Mazloomi Ehsan 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Numerous factors may affect the spoken language of children with a cochlear implant (CI). The present study is aimed to detect some of the possible predictors of speech and language outcomes among Persian-speaking cochlear-implanted children

Materials and methods
A total of 211 pre-lingual deaf children who received a cochlear implant were entered in this cross-sectional study. The Persian version of Speech Intelligibility Measurement Test and Test of Language Development (TOLD: P3) were employed to determine speech and language scores. Eight probable predictors (variables) were divided into three groups: child-related, auditory-related, and environmental factors.

Results
The use of contra-lateral hearing aid only enhanced the speech intelligibility (p = .029); while having a background of speech therapy prior to CI raised the participants’ language scores (p ≤ .041). Other factors predicted all speech and language indicators (p ≤ .025).

Conclusion
Speech-language therapists (SLTs) should inform parents about the positive or negative consequences of each pre-CI factor in post-operative speech and language outcomes.
Interaction Contrasts and Collider Bias
Authors: Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Nazemipour Maryam , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Previous papers have mentioned that conditioning on a binary collider would introduce an association between its causes in at least 1 stratum. In this paper, we prove this statement and, along with intuitions, formally examine the direction and magnitude of the associations between 2 risk factors of a binary collider using interaction contrasts. Among level one of the collider, 2 variables are independent, positively associated, and negatively associated if multiplicative risk interaction contrast is equal to, more than, and less than 0, respectively; the same results hold for the other level of the collider if the multiplicative survival interaction contrast, equal to multiplicative risk interaction contrast minus the additive risk interaction contrast, is compared with 0. The strength of the association depends on the magnitude of the interaction contrast: The stronger the interaction is, the larger the magnitude of the association will be. However, the common conditional odds ratio under the homogeneity assumption will be bounded. A figure is presented that succinctly illustrates our results and helps researchers to better visualize the associations introduced upon conditioning on a collider.