bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial separation of prey from livestock facilitates coexistence of a specialized large carnivore with human land use
Authors: Xiao L , Hua F , Knops J M H , Zhao X , Mishra C , Lovari S , Alexander J S , Weckworth B , Lu Z 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing emphasis in conservation strategies for large carnivores on facilitating their coexistence with humans. Justification for coexistence strategies should be based on a quantitative assessment of currently remaining large carnivores in human‐dominated landscapes. An essential part of a carnivore's coexistence strategy has to rely on its prey. In this research, we studied snow leopards Panthera uncia whose habitat mainly comprises human‐dominated, unprotected areas, to understand how a large carnivore and its primary prey, the bharal Pseudois nayaur, could coexist with human land use activities in a large proportion of its range. Using a combination of livestock census, camera trapping and wildlife surveys, across a broad gradient of livestock grazing intensity in a 363 000 km2 landscape on the Tibetan Plateau, we found no evidence of livestock grazing impacts on snow leopard habitat use, bharal density and spatial distribution, even though livestock density was 13 times higher than bharal density. Bharal were found to prefer utilizing more rugged habitats at higher elevations with lower grass forage conditions, whereas livestock dominated in flat valleys at lower elevations with higher productivity, especially during the resource‐scarce season. These findings suggest that the spatial niche separation between bharal and livestock, together with snow leopards' specialized bharal diet, minimized conflicts and allowed snow leopards and bharal to coexist in landscapes dominated by livestock grazing. In recent years, reduced hunting and nomadic herder's lifestyle changes towards permanent residence may have further reinforced this spatial separation. Our results indicated that, for developing conservation strategies for large carnivores, the niche of their prey in relation to human land‐use is a key variable that needs to be evaluated.
Intravenous hypertonic saline to reduce intraocular pressure: the effect of splitting the bolus
Authors: Inborr Pia , Harju Mika , Kivelä Tero T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare intraocular pressure (IOP) and pain after a single versus split bolus of intravenous hypertonic saline (IVHTS).MethodsIn a prospective, randomized, interventional trial, we enrolled patients with an IOP of 22–34 mmHg. Twenty patients in Group 1 received IVHTS as a single bolus of 1 mmol/kg 23.4% sodium chloride, and 13 patients in Group 2 received two boli of 0.5 mmol/kg separated by 10 min. They graded pain at the infusion site. We measured IOP, heart rate and blood pressure before and 10 and 20 min after IVHTS.ResultsEighteen patients (90%) in Group 1 felt pain (median, 6.5; range, 0–10). In Group 2, 11 patients (85%) felt pain after the first bolus (median, 6.0; range, 0–8) and 12 (92%) after the second one (median, 8; range, 0–10). We found no difference in pain grade between the groups after their first bolus (p = 0.33) or between the first bolus of Group 1 and the second bolus of Group 2 (p = 0.47). The median IOP reduction in Group 1 was 6.5 mmHg (range, 2–16) at 10 min and 7.0 mmHg (range, 4–16) at 20 min (p < 0.001 for both). In Group 2, the corresponding reductions after the second bolus were 9.0 mmHg (range, 4–10; p = 0.002) and 8.0 mmHg (range, 6–11; p = 0.002). The IOP reduction at 10 and 20 min was comparable between groups (p = 0.094 and p = 0.41, respectively).ConclusionSplitting the bolus did not reduce pain associated with IVHTS. Single bolus is consequently recommended.
Floristic types of high‐Andean wetlands from northwest Argentina and their remote‐sensed characterization at a regional scale
Authors: Izquierdo Andrea E. , Blundo Cecilia , Carilla Julieta , Foguet Javier , Navarro Carlos J. , Casagranda Elvira , Chiappero María Fernanda , Vaieretti María Victoria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsHigh‐Andean vegas are key functional wetlands in the Puna ecoregion. Plant communities in combination with ecogeographic characteristics determine their functional processes. In this study, we identified groups of vegas based on their plant composition and characterized these groups with spatial and spectral variables representing their ecogeographic context.LocationArgentine Puna and High‐Andean ecoregions.MethodsWe recorded the species composition and cover of plants in 50 vegas distributed along a ecogeographic gradient. We calculated six spatial and 14 spectral variables for each vega. We performed a correspondence analysis (CA) to explore species data and used the site's scores in a k‐means analysis to identify groups of vegas. Then, we characterized each group of vegas with spatial and spectral variables with the v.test using the ‘catdes’ function in the FactoMineR package.ResultsThe CA showed five groups of vegas segregated by the plant species composition. Each group was related to different spatial and spectral variables showing an ecogeographic gradient. Vegas with Poaceas were located at higher altitude and lower latitude and longitude (Group 1, Festuca nardifolia and Deschampsia hackelii). Vegas dominated by cushion species had higher humidity (Group 2, Oxychloe andina), and higher and more stable productivity (Group 3, Eleocharis pseudoalbibracteata), while vegas with halophytic species were associated with a larger area, higher salinity, and lower humidity (Group 4, Amphiscirpus nevadensis), and lower productivity (Group 5, Lycium humile and Salicornia pulvinata).ConclusionsOur results are the first floristic classification and remote‐sensing characterization of high‐Andean vegas at a regional scale. This information shows the variation of these ecosystems and suggests that remote sensing, complemented with field information, could help to identify types of vegas at regional scales. This information is relevant for land planning and sustainable management of these key ecosystems in the context of threats of global change.
Increasing abundance of an invasive C4grass is associated with larger community changes away than at home
Authors: Hábenczyus Alida A. , Tölgyesi Csaba , Pál Róbert , Kelemen András , Aradi Eszter , Bátori Zoltán , Sonkoly Judit , Tóth Edina , Balogh Nóra , Török Péter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe evaluated stands of the invasive grass,Sporobolus cryptandrusin its native North American range and its non‐native European range, where it is a recent invader. Our aim was to reveal how the species’ increasing abundance affects functional diversity and the ecosystem service‐provisioning capacities of plant communities in both ranges.LocationSand grasslands in the Kiskunság, Hungary and in Montana, USA.MethodsAll vascular plant species and their relative abundances were recorded in a stratified random manner in 1 m × 1 m plots in each range, using the following cover categories ofSporobolusas strata: 1%–25%, 26%–50%, 50%–75%, and 75%–100%. The functional characteristics of the plant communities in the two continents were compared. We performed comparisons of the communities both with and without includingSporobolus.ResultsIncreasingSporoboluscover resulted in a lower functional diversity and species richness, reduced average specific leaf area and increased the height of whole plant communities in both ranges but these effects were significantly stronger in the non‐native stands.Sporobolusalso negatively affected the cover of insect‐pollinated plant species and the proportion of native perennials, switching the rest of the community from perennial‐dominated to annual‐dominated. In plant communities withoutSporobolus, increasingSporoboluscover led to a higher specific leaf area and seed mass in both ranges, but average height was decreasing along theSporobolusabundance gradient in the native range, whereas it was increasing in the non‐native range.ConclusionsThe spread ofSporobolus, away from its native range, leads to the impoverishment of host communities and compromises the biomass and floral resource‐provisioning capacity of the vegetation to higher trophic levels. Tackling the spread of this new invader should therefore be a priority task.
Virtual special issue: Insights from a landscape ecological perspective for tropical biology and conservation
Authors: Watling James I. , Urbina‐Cardona J. Nicolás 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conducted a keyword search to sample a subset of research on landscape ecology published in Biotropica between 2016 and mid‐2021. Our search returned 112 studies, which we summarize in terms of focal taxon and habitat. From this pool of studies, we selected 14 papers for the virtual special issue “Insights from a Landscape Ecological Perspective for Tropical Biology and Conservation.” The 14 papers selected exemplify notable trends in recent research in landscape ecology and provide an opportunity to highlight suggestions for high‐impact future research: 1) continuing to expand how we think about responses to landscape change by embracing new measures of immunology and gene expression, 2) documenting the conservation value of small habitats as essential reservoirs of biodiversity, 3) clarifying the relative impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation, with particular emphasis on cross‐scale studies from a variety of landscapes and taxonomic groups.
Investigation into the enablers and barriers of career satisfaction among Australian oral health therapists
Authors: Chen Dennis , Hayes Melanie J , Holden Alexander C L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis qualitative study explored the enablers and barriers of career satisfaction among Australian oral health therapists (OHTs) and the reasons behind career changes.MethodsParticipants were recruited in 2 ways: 1) recruitment posts were made on the Facebook pages of two professional groups; and 2) an email was sent to the Doctor of Dental Medicine students of the University of Sydney School of Dentistry, inviting those with OHT qualifications to participate. Each participant completed a semi‐structured interview which was guided by open‐ended questions. The average interview length was 45 min. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and manually coded. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was completed using an inductive approach.ResultsTwenty‐one OHTs participated in this study. The enablers of OHT career satisfaction include clinical practice, job variety, career flexibility, being in a supportive team environment and the opportunity for constant learning and growth. The barriers to career satisfaction include musculoskeletal problems, restrictions on the scope of practice use, psychological stress and lack of recognition from others. OHTs remain in the profession due to stable income and employment opportunities. The main reasons for retirement were burnout and pursuing dentistry. OHTs pursue dentistry to expand their scope of practice.ConclusionThis study revealed the enablers and barriers of OHT career satisfaction in an Australian context. OHTs are an important component of modern dental workforces, and reasons for attrition within the workforce are essential for maintaining responsiveness to community oral health needs.
Factors associated with weight gain prevention in young adults with serious mental illness
Authors: Browne Julia , Xie Haiyi , Wolfe Rosemarie S. , Naslund John A. , Gorin Amy A. , Aschbrenner Kelly A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with weight gain prevention among young adults with serious mental illness who participated in the Fit Forward randomized controlled trial evaluating lifestyle interventions adapted for this high‐risk group. The aims were to: (1) examine baseline differences between participants that gained weight and those that lost or maintained weight at six and 12 months, and (2) evaluate whether changes in weight control strategies were associated with weight gain prevention at 6 and 12 months.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of the Fit Forward Study. Participants were young adults (age 18–35) with a serious mental illness and a body mass index in the overweight or obese range. Participants completed assessments at baseline and 6 and 12 months. t‐Tests and chi‐squared tests were used to examine baseline differences between those that gained weight and those that lost/maintained weight. Logistic regression was used to evaluate whether changes in weight control strategies were associated with weight gain prevention in the sample overall.ResultsLower baseline BMI was significantly associated with weight gain prevention at six and 12 months. Greater increases in weight control strategies total score and psychological coping subscale were significantly associated with weight gain prevention at six and 12 months.ConclusionsWeight control strategies, particularly psychological coping tools that support positive thinking and reduce negative self‐talk should be considered as core strategies in healthy lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing weight gain in young adults with serious mental illness.
Artificial selections for death‐feigning behavior in beetles show correlated responses in amplitude of circadian rhythms, but the period of the rhythm does not
Authors: Miyatake Takahisa , Abe Masato S. , Matsumura Kentarou , Yoshii Taishi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the most important survival strategies of organisms is to avoid predators. Studying one of such strategies, namely, death‐feigning behavior, has recently become more common. The success or failure of this antipredator strategy will be affected by the circadian rhythms of both prey and predator because death feigning sometimes has a diurnal rhythm. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of differences in circadian rhythms on predator‐avoidance behavior at the genetic level. Recently, the relationship between genes relating to circadian rhythm and death‐feigning behavior, an antipredator behavior, has been established at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, we compared three circadian rhythm‐related traits, the free‐running period of rhythms, amplitude of circadian rhythms, and total activity of strains of three Tribolium species that were artificially selected for the death‐feigning duration: short (S‐strains) and long (L‐strains) durations. As a result, the amplitude of circadian rhythms and total activity were significantly different between S‐ and L‐strains, but there was no difference in the free‐running periods of the rhythm between the strains in T. castaneum, T. confusum, and T. freemani. Although the relationship between death‐feigning behavior and activity has been reported for all three species, a genetic relationship between the duration of death feigning and the amplitude of circadian rhythms has been newly found in the present study. It is important to investigate the relationship between antipredator strategies and circadian rhythms at the molecular level in the future.
Efficacy of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review
Authors: Moini Jazani Arezoo , Ayati Mohammad Hossein , Nadiri Ata Allah , Nasimi Doost Azgomi Ramin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are chronic inflammatory diseases that have significant skin complications.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate the evidence obtained from human studies on the effects of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.MethodsThe present systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statements. Also, for this study databases such as Embase, PubMed, Scopus ProQuest, and sciences direct database were searched from the beginning to April 2021.ResultsAll human studies that examined the effect of balneotherapy, spa therapy, and hydrotherapy on psoriasis and atopic dermatitis were published in the form of a full article in English. In the end, only 22 of the 424 articles met the criteria for analysis. Most studies have shown that balneotherapy, spa therapy, and hydrotherapy may reduce the effects of the disease by reducing inflammation and improving living conditions. In addition, the results of the Downs and Black score show that seven studies received very good scores, three studies received good scores, nine studies received fair scores, and three studies received poor scores.ConclusionsThe results of studies also showed that hydrotherapy leads to an improvement in the PASI score index. Nevertheless, more clinical trials are needed to determine the mechanism of action of hydrotherapy on these diseases.
Ocean currents shape the genetic structure of a kelp in southwestern Africa
Authors: Assis Jorge , Neiva João , Bolton John J. , Rothman Mark D. , Gouveia Licínia , Paulino Cristina , Mohdnasir Hasliza , Anderson Robert J. , Reddy Maggie M. , Kandjengo Lineekela , Kreiner Anja , Pearson Gareth A. , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimDrivers of extant population genetic structure include past climate‐driven range shifts and vicariant events, as well as gene flow mediated by dispersal and habitat continuity. Their integration as alternative or complementary drivers is often missing or incomplete, potentially overlooking relevant processes and time scales. Here we ask whether it is the imprint of past range shifts or habitat connectivity driven by oceanographic transport that best explain genetic structure in a poorly understood model, a forest‐forming African kelp.LocationSouthwestern coast of Africa (Benguela current region).TaxonLaminaria pallida.MethodsWe estimated genetic variability along the species distributional range using 14 microsatellite markers. This genetic variability was compared to estimates of past range shifts derived from species distribution modelling for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid‐Holocene (MH) and the present, and estimates of habitat connectivity derived from oceanographic biophysical modelling.ResultsThe species is structured in two clusters, a southern cluster with much richer (allelic richness A: 10.40 ± 0.33) and unique (private alleles PA: 56.69 ± 4.05) genetic diversity, and a northern cluster (A: 4.75 ± 0.17; PA: 6.70 ± 1.45). These clusters matched well‐known biogeographical regions and their transition coincided with a dispersal barrier formed by upwelled offshore transport. No major range shifts or vicariant events were hindcasted along the present range, suggesting population stability from the LGM to the present.Main conclusionsHabitat connectivity, rather than past range shifts, explains the extant population structure. Future environmental requirements of the species along the Benguela upwelling system are projected to persist or even intensify, likely preserving the observed genetic patterns for the years to come. Yet, the differentiation and endemicity between clusters, and the isolation structured by the regional oceanography, implies high conservation value for genetic biodiversity, and even more if considering the ecological, social and economic services provided by kelp forests.
Optimal ablation strategy for arrhythmia recurrence following persistent atrial fibrillation ablation; anatomy or electrophysiology?
Authors: Choudhury Moinuddin , Mahida Saagar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe optimal strategy for ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) remains to be defined. Established substrate‐based ablation techniques, particularly techniques targeting complex electrograms, with complementary linear ablation for organized atrial tachycardias, have been associated with modest success rates. Recently, the development of VoM ethanol ablation (Et‐VoM) has facilitated ablation of previously inaccessible arrhythmogenic substrate. This has allowed comparison of a standardized anatomically‐guided protocol with Et‐VOM to a traditional electrophysiology‐guided approach for PsAF ablation.
Macroeconomic Implications of Student Debt: A State‐Level Analysis
Authors: BAHADIR BERRAK , GICHEVA DORA 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing state‐level data for the 2003–2019 period, we show that the rise in outstanding student debt in the United States has contributed to lower consumption growth in the medium run. The estimated effects are larger when we use an instrumental variable approach identifying the hypothetical impact of an increase in student debt without an associated increase in educational attainment. This approach exploits variations in state appropriations for higher education, federal student loan limits, and interest rates on federal loans. We also find suggestive evidence that expansions in student loans lead to subsequent increases in credit card debt.
Sciatic nerve injury rebalances the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in rats with persistent changes to their social behaviours
Authors: Sosa M. Karmina , Boorman Damien C. , Keay Kevin A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncreased glucocorticoids characterise acute pain responses, but not the chronic pain state, suggesting specific modifications to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)‐axis preventing the persistent nature of chronic pain from elevating basal glucocorticoid levels. Individuals with chronic pain mount normal HPA‐axis responses to acute stressors, indicating a rebalancing of the circuits underpinning these responses. Preclinical models of chronic neuropathic pain generally recapitulate these clinical observations, but few studies have considered that the underlying neuroendocrine circuitry may be altered. Additionally, individual differences in the behavioural outcomes of these pain models, which are strikingly similar to the range of behavioural subpopulations that manifest in response to stress, threat and motivational cues, may also be reflected in divergent patterns of HPA‐axis activity, which characterises these other behavioural subpopulations. We investigated the effects of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) on adrenocortical and hypothalamic markers of HPA‐axis activity in the subpopulation of rats showing persistent changes in social interactions after CCI (Persistent Effect) and compared them with rats that do not show these changes (No Effect). Basal plasma corticosterone did not change after CCI and did not differ between groups. However, adrenocortical sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) diverged between these groups. No Effect rats showed large increases in basal plasma ACTH with no change in adrenocortical melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) expression, whereas Persistent Effect rats showed modest decreases in plasma ACTH and large increases in MC2R expression. In the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of Persistent Effect rats, single labelling revealed significantly increased numbers of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) +ve and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) +ve neurons. Double‐labelling revealed fewer GR +ve CRF +ve neurons, suggesting a decreased hypothalamic sensitivity of CRF neurons to circulating corticosterone in Persistent Effect rats. We suggest that in addition to rebalancing the HPA‐axis, the increased CRF expression in Persistent Effect rats contributes to changes in complex behaviours, and in particular social interactions.
Long‐Run Risk: Is It There?
Authors: LIU YUKUN , MATTHIES BEN 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper documents the existence of a persistent component in consumption growth. We take a novel approach using news coverage to capture investor concern about economic growth prospects. We provide evidence that consumption growth is highly predictable over long horizons—our measure explains between 23% and 38% of cumulative future consumption growth at the five‐year horizon and beyond. Furthermore, we show a strong connection between this predictability and asset prices. Innovations to our measure price 51 standard portfolios in the cross section and our one‐factor model outperforms many benchmark macro‐ and return‐based multifactor models.