bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing innovative approaches for global health capacity building in fragile settings in the MENA region: development of the evaluation of capacity building (eCAP) program
Authors: Saleh Shadi , Mansour Rania , Daou Tracy , Brome Dayana , Naal Hady 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven the magnitude and frequency of conflicts in the MENA region along with their devastating impact on health responses and outcomes, there exists a strong need to invest in contextualized, innovative, and accessible capacity building approaches to enhance leadership and skills in global health. The MENA region suffers from limited (1) continued educational and career progression opportunities, (2) gender balance, and (3) skill-mix among its health workforce, which require significant attention.Main textThe Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut incepted the Academy division to develop and implement various global health capacity building (GHCB) initiatives to address those challenges in fragile settings across low-and middle-income countries in the MENA region. These initiatives play a strategic role in this context, especially given their focus on being accessible through employing innovative learning modalities. However, there exists a dearth of evidence-based knowledge on best practices and recommendations to optimize the design, implementation, and evaluation of GHCB in fragile settings in the MENA region. The present paper describes the development of the evaluation of capacity building program (eCAP), implemented under the Academy division, to assess the effectiveness of its initiatives. eCAP is composed of 3 phases: (1) a situational assessment, followed by (2) production of multiple case studies, and finally (3) a meta-assessment leading to model development. The goal of eCAP is not only to inform the Academy’s operations, but also to synthesize produced knowledge into the formation of an evidence-based, scalable, and replicable model for GHCB in fragile settings.ConclusioneCAP is an important initiative for researchers, educators, and practitioners interested in GHCB in fragile settings. Several lessons can be learned from the outcomes it has yielded so far in its first two phases of implementation, ranging from the situational assessment to the production of evaluation case studies, which are expanded on in the manuscript along with pertinent challenges.
A mixed methods study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition in fragile and conflict-affected settings
Authors: Rodo Mariana , Singh Lucy , Russell Neal , Singh Neha S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impacts of COVID-19 are unprecedented globally. The pandemic is reversing decades of progress in maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition (MNCHN), especially fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS) whose populations were already facing challenges in accessing basic health and nutrition services. This study aimed to investigate the collateral impact of COVID-19 on funding, services and MNCHN outcomes in FCAS, as well as adaptations used in the field to continue activities.MethodsA scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 1st March 2020–31st January 2021 was conducted. We analysed 103 publications using a narrative synthesis approach. 39 remote semi-structured key informant interviews with humanitarian actors and donor staff within 12 FCAS were conducted between October 2020 and February 2021. Thematic analysis was undertaken independently by two researchers on interview transcripts and supporting documents provided by key informants, and triangulated with literature review findings.ResultsFunding for MNCHN has been reduced or suspended with increase in cost of continuing the same activities, and diversion of MNCHN funding to COVID-19 activities. Disruption in supply and demand of interventions was reported across different settings which, despite data evidence still being missing, points towards likely increased maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Some positive adaptations including use of technology and decentralisation of services have been reported, however overall adaptation strategies have been insufficient to equitably meet additional challenges posed by the pandemic, and have not been evaluated for their effectiveness.ConclusionsCOVID-19 is further exacerbating negative women’s and children’s health outcomes in FCAS. Increased funding is urgently required to re-establish MNCHN activities which have been deprioritised or halted. Improved planning to sustain routine health services and enable surge planning for emergencies with focus on the community/service users throughout adaptations is vital for improved MNCHN outcomes in FCAS.
Bodily expression of psychological distress in adolescents: a qualitative study
Authors: Ludot-Grégoire Maude , Harf Aurélie , Ibrahim Nour , Merlo Médérick , Hassler Christine , Rietsch Joanne , de Bucy Charlotte , Lefèvre Hervé , Sibeoni Jordan , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The bodily expression of psychological disorders is one of the leading motives for consultations in adolescent medicine. The diagnostic entity corresponding to DSM-5 "Somatic symptom and related disorders" is sparsely used in the English-language literature, especially for adolescents. Qualitative studies on this topic mostly concern the experiences of healthcare professionals. This study seeks to explore the experience of adolescents expressing psychological distress through their body.

Methods
This exploratory research took place in a Paris hospital department of adolescent medicine. Our sampling method was purposive. For inclusion, patients had to be aged 11–24 years, with a "somatic symptom disorder" meeting the DSM-5 criteria. Semi-directive interviews were proposed with visual narration inspired by photoelicitation. Thematic analysis allowed us to explore the data with an inductive approach.

Results
Thirty adolescents were interviewed; they were 14–22 years old and mostly had somatic symptom or functional neurological disorders. Three principal themes emerged from our analysis of the interview contents: the personal, including bodily, experience of the disorder, the experience of relationships, and the question of what is visible through the body.

Conclusion
This research allowed us to discuss the reversal of generations, the function of the DSM-5 diagnosis, illuminated by sociology, and finally, cultural pathways. It shows the importance of recognizing the reality of the adolescents' bodily feelings, reassuring them by ruling out serious causes, and supporting their search for meaning. It is important to think about a specific framework of family therapy that can make effective use of this experience of the reversal of generations.
Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of a 10p11.23q11.21 duplication associated with normal phenotype
Authors: Song Jieping , Jiang Wei , Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of normal and pathogenic genome variations. Unbalanced chromosome abnormalities (UBCA) are either gains or losses or large genomic regions, but the affected person is not or only minimally clinically affected. CNVs and UBCA identified in prenatal cases need careful considerations and correct interpretation if those are harmless or harmful variants from the norm.

Case presentation
A 24-year-old, gravida 1, para 0, woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because the noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results revealed a 12.4 Mb duplication from 10p11.2 to 10q11.2. GTG-banding karyotype analysis was performed on cultured amniocytes. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) on uncultured amniocytes was performed.

Results
Chromosomal GTG-banding of the cultured amniocytes revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,dup(10)(p11.2q11.2). CMA detected a 12.5-Mb chromosomal duplication in the region of 10p11.23q11.21 (arr[GRCh37] 10p11.23q11.21(30,345,109_42,826,062) × 3).

Conclusion
The present report enlarges the known UBCA region 10p11.22-10q11.22 to 10p11.23-10q11.22. Also it highlights that an integration of prenatal ultrasound, NIPT, karyotype analysis, CMA and genetic counseling is helpful for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal deletions/duplications.
Clinical experiences with venetoclax and other pro-apoptotic agents in lymphoid malignancies: lessons from monotherapy and chemotherapy combination
Authors: Lew Thomas E. , Seymour John F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBH3-mimetics are a novel drug class of small molecule inhibitors of BCL2 family proteins which restore apoptosis in malignant cells. The only currently approved BH3-mimetic, the selective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, is highly efficacious in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and has rapidly advanced to an approved standard of care in frontline and relapsed disease in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. In this context, tumour lysis syndrome and myelosuppression are the most commonly encountered toxicities and are readily manageable with established protocols. Venetoclax is active in other lymphoid malignancies including several B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, with the highest intrinsic sensitivity observed in mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Venetoclax combination with standard regimens in follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma and aggressive B cell neoplasms has shown some promise, but further studies are required to optimize dose and scheduling to mitigate increased myelosuppression and infection risk, and to find validated biomarkers of venetoclax sensitivity. Future research will focus on overcoming venetoclax resistance, targeting other BCL2 family members and the rational design of synergistic combinations.
Mammary adipocytes protect triple-negative breast cancer cells from ferroptosis
Authors: Xie Yizhao , Wang Biyun , Zhao Yannan , Tao Zhonghua , Wang Ye , Chen Guangliang , Hu Xichun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFerroptosis, a novel non-apoptotic form of cell death, can induce tumor cell death and treatment resistance. Lipid metabolism is closely related to ferroptosis; however, the effect of mammary adipocytes on breast cancer ferroptosis remains to be elucidated. Here, we established the co-culture system of adipocyte-breast cancer cells and revealed the protection of triple-negative breast cancer from ferroptosis by adipocytes. Then, we performed the lipidomics analysis comparing lipid metabolites of co-cultured and normal-cultured cells. Mechanistically, oleic acid secreted from adipocytes inhibited lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells in the presence of ACSL3. Taken together, mammary adipocytes can protect breast cancer cells from ferroptosis through oleic acid in the presence of ACSL3. These findings could provide new ideas and targets for tumor treatment.
The Hippo pathway effector TAZ induces intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in mice and is ubiquitously activated in the human disease
Authors: Cigliano Antonio , Zhang Shanshan , Ribback Silvia , Steinmann Sara , Sini Marcella , Ament Cindy E. , Utpatel Kirsten , Song Xinhua , Wang Jingxiao , Pilo Maria G. , Berger Fabian , Wang Haichuan , Tao Junyan , Li Xiaolei , Pes Giovanni M. , Mancarella Serena , Giannelli Gianluigi , Dombrowski Frank , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Chen Xin , Evert Katja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly aggressive primary liver tumor with increasing incidence worldwide, dismal prognosis, and few therapeutic options. Mounting evidence underlines the role of the Hippo pathway in this disease; however, the molecular mechanisms whereby the Hippo cascade contributes to cholangiocarcinogenesis remain poorly defined.

Methods
We established novel iCCA mouse models via hydrodynamic transfection of an activated form of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a Hippo pathway downstream effector, either alone or combined with the myristoylated AKT (myr-AKT) protooncogene, in the mouse liver. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR were applied to characterize the models. In addition, in vitro cell line studies were conducted to address the growth-promoting roles of TAZ and its paralog YAP.

Results
Overexpression of TAZ in the mouse liver triggered iCCA development with very low incidence and long latency. In contrast, co-expression of TAZ and myr-AKT dramatically increased tumor frequency and accelerated cancer formation in mice, with 100% iCCA incidence and high tumor burden by 10 weeks post hydrodynamic injection. AKT/TAZ tumors faithfully recapitulated many of the histomolecular features of human iCCA. At the molecular level, the development of the cholangiocellular lesions depended on the binding of TAZ to TEAD transcription factors. In addition, inhibition of the Notch pathway did not hamper carcinogenesis but suppressed the cholangiocellular phenotype of AKT/TAZ tumors. Also, knockdown of YAP, the TAZ paralog, delayed cholangiocarcinogenesis in AKT/TAZ mice without affecting the tumor phenotype. Furthermore, human preinvasive and invasive iCCAs and mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/iCCA displayed widespread TAZ activation and downregulation of the mechanisms protecting TAZ from proteolysis.

Conclusions
Overall, the present data underscore the crucial role of TAZ in cholangiocarcinogenesis
Footwear, foot orthoses and strengthening exercises for the non‐surgical management of hallux valgus: protocol for a randomised pilot and feasibility trial
Authors: Menz Hylton B. , Lim Polly Q. , Hurn Sheree E. , Mickle Karen J. , Buldt Andrew K. , Cotchett Matthew P. , Roddy Edward , Wluka Anita E. , Erbas Bircan , Munteanu Shannon E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHallux valgus is a common and disabling condition. This randomised pilot and feasibility trial aims to determine the feasibility of conducting a fully‐powered parallel group randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted non‐surgical intervention for reducing pain associated with hallux valgus.MethodsTwenty‐eight community‐dwelling women with painful hallux valgus will be randomised to receive either a multifaceted, non‐surgical intervention (footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice, and self‐management) or advice and self‐management alone. Outcome measures will be obtained at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome is feasibility, which will be evaluated according to demand, acceptability, adherence, adverse events, and retention rate. Limited efficacy testing will be conducted on secondary outcome measures including foot pain (the Manchester‐Oxford Foot Questionnaire), foot muscle strength (hand‐held dynamometry), general health‐related quality of life (the Short Form‐12), use of cointerventions, and participants' perception of overall treatment effect. Biomechanical testing will be conducted at baseline to evaluate the immediate effects of the footwear/orthotic intervention on pressure beneath the foot and on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and hallux.DiscussionThis study will determine the feasibility of conducting a fully‐powered randomised trial of footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice and self‐management for relieving pain associated with hallux valgus and provide insights into potential mechanisms of effectiveness.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621000645853).
Diagnostic controversies in recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy: single case report with a systematic review
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Presti Santiago , Lo Bianco Manuela , Catanzaro Stefano , Marino Silvia , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Ophthalmoplegic migraine, renamed "Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy" (RPON) in 2013 by the International Headache Society is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of ophthalmoplegia associated to ipsilateral headache. The etiology is still unknown. Typical magnetic resonance imaging findings show a focal nerve thickening and contrast enhancement. In the majority of cases, there is a full recovery within days or weeks. There is no evidence supporting a specific treatment. The review defines the characteristics of the recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy in patients within 2 years of age underlying the importance of the role of magnetic resonance imaging even in presence of the first attack. Thus, an emblematic case report is presented.

Case presentation
The authors present a case of third cranial nerve paresis in a 17-month-old male child, presenting a neuroradiological pattern highly suggestive of schwannoma, aneurism or recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy. Thus, a review of the literature with the pediatric casuistry of recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy occurred within 2 years of age focusing on diagnostic considerations is presented. The authors highlight the importance to consider recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy in presence of magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical symptoms referable to aneurysm or schwannoma. Thus, the review defines the characteristics and the neuroradiological findings at the first RPON attack occurred under 2 years of age.

Conclusion
Although two attacks are necessary, the review strongly suggests to consider recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy even at the first attack, in presence of described characteristics and the aforementioned magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP): Intrafamilial phenotypic variability and early childhood refusal to walk as the presenting symptom
Authors: Karklinsky Shani , Kugler Shir , Bar-Yosef Omer , Nissenkorn Andreea , Grossman-Jonish Anat , Tirosh Irit , Vivante Asaf , Pode-Shakked Ben 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Limping and/or refusal to walk is a common complaint in the setting of the pediatric department, with a widely diverse differential diagnosis. An unusual etiology, is that of a hereditary neuropathy.
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is a recurrent, episodic demyelinating neuropathy, most commonly caused by a 17p11.2 chromosomal deletion encompassing the PMP22 gene.

Methods
We pursued chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in multiple affected individuals of a single extended family, manifesting a range of phenotypic features consistent with HNPP.

Results
A 4.5 years-old boy presented for in-patient evaluation due to refusal to walk. Initial investigations including spine MRI and bone scan failed to yield a conclusive diagnosis. Following family history, which implied an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, CMA was pursued and confirmed a 17p11.2 deletion in the proband consistent with HNPP. Importantly, following this diagnosis, four additional affected family members were demonstrated to harbor the deletion. Their variable phenotypic features, ranging from a prenatal diagnosis of a 6 months-old sibling, to recurrent paresthesias manifesting in the fourth decade of life, are discussed.

Conclusions
Our experience with the family reported herein demonstrates how a thorough anamnesis can lead to a rare genetic etiology with a favorable prognosis and prevent unnecessary investigations, and underscores HNPP as an uncommon diagnostic possibility in the limping child.
Long COVID-19 in children: an Italian cohort study
Authors: Trapani Gianfranco , Verlato Giuseppe , Bertino Enrico , Maiocco Giulia , Vesentini Roberta , Spadavecchia Alessia , Dessì Angelica , Fanos Vassilios 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Long COVID-19 syndrome is a complex of symptoms that occurs after the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the absence of other possible diagnoses. Studies on Long COVID-19 in pediatric population are scanty and heterogeneous in design, inclusion criteria, outcomes, and follow-up time. The objective of the present study is to assess the prevalence of Long COVID-19 syndrome in a cohort of Italian pediatric primary care patients, observed for a period of time of 8 to 36 weeks from healing. Prevalence was also assessed in a cohort of pediatric patients hospitalized during acute infection.

Methods
Data concerning 629 primary care patients with previous acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected by a questionnaire filled in by Primary Care Pediatrician (PCP). The questionnaire was administrated to patients by 18 PCPs based in 8 different Italian regions from June to August 2021. Data concerning 60 hospitalized patients were also collected by consultation of clinical documents.

Results
Cumulative incidence of Long COVID-19 resulted to be 24.3% in primary care patients and 58% in hospitalized patients. The most frequently reported symptoms were abnormal fatigue (7%), neurological (6.8%), and respiratory disorders (6%) for the primary care cohort. Hospitalized patients displayed more frequently psychological symptoms (36.7%), cardiac involvement (23.3%), and respiratory disorders (18.3%). No difference was observed in cumulative incidence in males and females in both cohorts. Previous diseases did not influence the probability to develop Long COVID-19. The prevalence of Long COVID-19 was 46.5% in children who were symptomatic during acute infection and 11.5% in asymptomatic ones. Children aged 0 to 5 years had a greater risk to develop respiratory symptoms, while adolescents (aged 11–16 years) had a greater risk to develop neurological and psychological Long COVID-19 symptoms.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that Long COVID-19 is a reality in pediatric age and could involve even patients with mild or no acute symptoms. The results stress the importance of monitoring primary care pediatric patients after acute COVID-19 infection and the relevance of vaccination programs in pediatric population, also in order to avoid the consequences of Long COVID-19 syndrome.
Orosomucoid: a promising biomarker for the assessment of exercise-induced fatigue triggered by basic combat training
Authors: Ruan Yi , Xiang Ke-fa , Zhang Hui-min , Qin Zhen , Sun Yang , Wan Jing-jing , Gu Wei , Liu Xia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Orosomucoid (ORM) is a positive acute phase protein verified to be upregulated in various forms of exercise-induced fatigued (EIF) rodents. However, its association with EIF among human beings remained unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between serum ORM and EIF triggered by military basic combat training (BCT).

Methods
The degree of EIF were measured by Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (Borg-RPE-Scale®) as RPE score after BCT. Fifty-three male recruits were classified into three groups according to the RPE score: (1) group 1 (slight fatigue group): RPE score after BCT < 13; (2) group 2 (moderate fatigue group): RPE score after BCT = 13 or 14; (3) group 3 (severe fatigue group): RPE score after BCT > 14. The levels of blood ORM, lactate (LAC), cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined before and after BCT. The diagnostic value of ORM was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and logistic regression.

Results
After BCT, the level of LAC, CRP, and cortisol increased among all groups, but the changes had no significant between-group difference (all p > 0.05). The level of ORM had a specific significant increase in group 3 (p = 0.039), and the changes of ORM (ΔORM) had significant difference among groups (p = 0.033). ROC curve analysis showed that the estimated area under ROC curve for ΔORM was 0.724 (p = 0.009) with the recommended optimal cut-off value as 0.2565 mg/mL. Logistic analysis showed that recruits with ΔORM ≥ 0.2565 mg/mL had higher odds for suffering from severe EIF, 5.625 times (95% CI 1.542–20.523, p = 0.009) as large as those with ΔORM < 0.2565 mg/mL.

Conclusion
ORM might be a promising biomarker of severe EIF triggered by BCT among male recruits. Its potential optimal cut-off value regarding ΔORM was recommended to be 0.2565 mg/mL.