bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring complementarity among interdependent pastoral institutions in Mongolia
Authors: Kasymov Ulan , Ring Irene , Gonchigsumlaa Ganzorig , Dejid Nandintsetseg , Drees Lukas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article combines Aoki’s institutional complementarity concept with actor-centered institutional analysis of action situations to study herder behavior and institutional change in a complex pastoral social–ecological system. Transformation of the Mongolian Steppe Ecosystem in the face of climate and social change has led to a decline in pastoral mobility, which in turn is making the ecosystem less sustainable. Responding to this concern, Mongolian policymakers have designed pasture use and conservation policies. We evaluate whether the enacted policies are complementary to herders’ strategic choices. First, we reconstruct institutional choices herders make in the commons domain, where herders interact to use common pastures. Second, we track this process in the political economy domain, where pasture users support or resist government policies. Finally, we evaluate the complementarity of the strategic choices and resulting institutions in the interdependent action situations of both domains. In combination with game-theoretic model building, we have employed the process tracing method during field research in Mongolia. We have not identified any evident, stable institutional complementarity between high pastoral mobility and support for a policy of leasing and certification of land for winter and spring camps. Conversely, our findings do suggest that policies for establishing pasture user groups and pasture use planning can be effective. A critical mass of herders choosing to comply with these policies and engage in pastoral mobility will be crucial for sustaining the ecosystem. This will strengthen conditions for institutional complementarity and create a new institutional arrangement overall.
Impact of surgical factors on delayed hyponatremia in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma after endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal procedure
Authors: Tanaka Haku , Nishimura Fumihiko , Nakase Kenta , Kakutani Miho , Yokoyama Shohei , Morimoto Takayuki , Kim Taekyun , Park Young-Soo , Nakagawa Ichiro , Yamada Shuichi , Tamura Kentaro , Matsuda Ryosuke , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Kotsugi Masashi , Nakase Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Delayed hyponatremia can occur after pituitary surgery, resulting in prolonged hospitalization. However, the influence of surgical factors after such a procedure has not been well established. The impact of surgery and related factors on delayed hyponatremia was investigated.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of 137 consecutive patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma between 2008 and 2019. Preoperative (demographics, comorbidities), intraoperative (resection extent, operation time, blood loss volume, cerebrospinal fluid leak, tumor consistency), and postoperative [hematoma, meningitis, diabetes insipidus (DI), hormonal assessment] data were collected, with statistical analysis of each factor performed.

Results
Among the 137 patients, delayed hyponatremia occurred in 31 (22.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that those with hypertension had a significantly higher likelihood of avoiding delayed hyponatremia (p = 0.004). Although no correlations of direct surgical factors with delayed hyponatremia were found, multivariate analysis of indirect surgical factors showed that presence of a firm tumor, transient DI, and meningitis were significantly associated with delayed hyponatremia (p = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.047, respectively). There was also a significant association of severe hyponatremia with appearance of symptoms (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
There was a tendency for hypertension to be associated with delayed hyponatremia avoidance, with indirect surgical factors including tumor consistency, transient DI, and meningitis found to have an influence on delayed hyponatremia. It was concluded that attention should be given to non-hypertensive patients with a firm tumor, transient DI, or meningitis after pituitary surgery, as delayed hyponatremia may occur.
Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism should be considered a differential diagnosis in forensic cases where animal abuse is suspected
Authors: van Bruggen Leonie W. L. , Marrero Javier P. Deniz , Grinwis Guy C. M. , Endenburg Nienke , Gerretsen Reza R. R. , Nijs Hubert G. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis case description reports an adult dog with multiple rib fractures that was initially suspected to be the victim of non-accidental trauma, but eventually was diagnosed with severe chronic interstitial nephritis and renal secondary hyperparathyroidism leading to fibrous osteodystrophy and multiple pathological fractures. The importance of the specific expertise of a dedicated expert panel on animal abuse is discussed. This case illustrates the significance of the identification of normal, pathological, and breed-related variations within an animal in addition to forensic expertise, emphasizing that the presence of multidisciplinary teams in an expert panel on animal abuse is crucial.
Dendritic Morphology Affects the Velocity and Amplitude of Back-propagating Action Potentials
Authors: Tian Wu , Peng Luxin , Zhao Mengdi , Tao Louis , Zou Peng , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe back-propagating action potential (bpAP) is crucial for neuronal signal integration and synaptic plasticity in dendritic trees. Its properties (velocity and amplitude) can be affected by dendritic morphology. Due to limited spatial resolution, it has been difficult to explore the specific propagation process of bpAPs along dendrites and examine the influence of dendritic morphology, such as the dendrite diameter and branching pattern, using patch-clamp recording. By taking advantage of Optopatch, an all-optical electrophysiological method, we made detailed recordings of the real-time propagation of bpAPs in dendritic trees. We found that the velocity of bpAPs was not uniform in a single dendrite, and the bpAP velocity differed among distinct dendrites of the same neuron. The velocity of a bpAP was positively correlated with the diameter of the dendrite on which it propagated. In addition, when bpAPs passed through a dendritic branch point, their velocity decreased significantly. Similar to velocity, the amplitude of bpAPs was also positively correlated with dendritic diameter, and the attenuation patterns of bpAPs differed among different dendrites. Simulation results from neuron models with different dendritic morphology corresponded well with the experimental results. These findings indicate that the dendritic diameter and branching pattern significantly influence the properties of bpAPs. The diversity among the bpAPs recorded in different neurons was mainly due to differences in dendritic morphology. These results may inspire the construction of neuronal models to predict the propagation of bpAPs in dendrites with enormous variation in morphology, to further illuminate the role of bpAPs in neuronal communication.
A Review on the Clinical Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Stankovic Iva , Fanciulli Alessandra , Sidoroff Victoria , Wenning Gregor K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, adult-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with major diagnostic challenges. Aiming for a better diagnostic accuracy particularly at early disease stages, novel Movement Disorder Society criteria for the diagnosis of MSA (MDS MSA criteria) have been recently developed. They introduce a neuropathologically established MSA category and three levels of clinical diagnostic certainty including clinically established MSA, clinically probable MSA, and the research category of possible prodromal MSA. The diagnosis of clinically established and clinically probable MSA is based on the presence of cardiovascular or urological autonomic failure, parkinsonism (poorly L-Dopa-responsive for the diagnosis of clinically established MSA), and cerebellar syndrome. These core clinical features need to be associated with supportive motor and non-motor features (MSA red flags) and absence of any exclusion criteria. Characteristic brain MRI markers are required for a diagnosis of clinically established MSA. A research category of possible prodromal MSA is devised to capture patients manifesting with autonomic failure or REM sleep behavior disorder and only mild motor signs at the earliest disease stage. There is a number of promising laboratory markers for MSA that may help increase the overall clinical diagnostic accuracy. In this review, we will discuss the core and supportive clinical features for a diagnosis of MSA in light of the new MDS MSA criteria, which laboratory tools may assist in the clinical diagnosis and which major differential diagnostic challenges should be borne in mind.
On Unbounded Motions in a Real Analytic Bouncing ball Problem
Authors: Marò Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider the model of a ball elastically bouncing on a racket moving in the vertical direction according to a given periodic function f(t). The gravity force is acting on the ball. We prove that if the function f(t) belongs to a class of trigonometric polynomials of degree 2 then there exists a one dimensional continuum of initial conditions for which the velocity of the ball tends to infinity. Our result improves a previous one by Pustyl’nikov and gives a new upper bound to the applicability of KAM theory to this model.
Mindful Lawyering: a Pilot Study on Mindfulness Training for Law Students
Authors: Rosky Clifford J. , Roberts R. Lynae , Hanley Adam W. , Garland Eric L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Many US law schools are now offering elective courses in mindfulness training to alleviate disproportionately high levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and disordered alcohol use among law students. To date, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these courses has been lacking. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility and impact of a 13‐week mindfulness course, “Mindful Lawyering,” specifically tailored to law students. The primary hypothesis was that mindfulness training would be significantly correlated with improvements in well-being and mindfulness.

Methods
The design was a non-randomized, quasi-experimental study involving 64 law students. The mindfulness group was 31 students taking Mindful Lawyering; the comparison group was 33 students taking other law school courses. Outcome measures were the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; the Positive and Negative Affect Scale; the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire.

Results
Results provide promising evidence to support the hypothesis. The mindfulness group showed significantly greater improvement on measures of stress (p < .001, d = 1.15), anxiety (p < .001, d = . 90), depression (p = .012, d = .66), negative affect (p = .002, d = .81), disordered alcohol use (p = .011, d = .67), and mindfulness (p < .001, d = 1.32) from pre to post relative to the comparison group. The course was well accepted and feasible for law students.

Conclusions
Findings from the current study suggest that mindfulness training may occasion improvements in the well-being of law students. More research is needed to replicate these findings in larger, randomized samples of law students.
Artificial Intelligence Increases the Agreement among Physicians Classifying Focal Skeleton/Bone Marrow Uptake in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients Staged with [18F]FDG PET/CT—a Retrospective Study
Authors: Sadik May , López-Urdaneta Jesús , Ulén Johannes , Enqvist Olof , Andersson Per-Ola , Kumar Rajender , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Classification of focal skeleton/bone marrow uptake (BMU) can be challenging. The aim is to investigate whether an artificial intelligence–based method (AI), which highlights suspicious focal BMU, increases interobserver agreement among a group of physicians from different hospitals classifying Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) patients staged with [18F]FDG PET/CT.

Methods
Forty-eight patients staged with [18F]FDG PET/CT at Sahlgenska University Hospital between 2017 and 2018 were reviewed twice, 6 months apart, regarding focal BMU. During the second time review, the 10 physicians also had access to AI-based advice regarding focal BMU.

Results
Each physician’s classifications were pairwise compared with the classifications made by all the other physicians, resulting in 45 unique pairs of comparisons both without and with AI advice. The agreement between the physicians increased significantly when AI advice was available, which was measured as an increase in mean Kappa values from 0.51 (range 0.25–0.80) without AI advice to 0.61 (range 0.19–0.94) with AI advice (p = 0.005). The majority of the physicians agreed with the AI-based method in 40 (83%) of the 48 cases.

Conclusion
An AI-based method significantly increases interobserver agreement among physicians working at different hospitals by highlighting suspicious focal BMU in HL patients staged with [18F]FDG PET/CT.
Infrared Spectroscopy and Excess Conductivity Analysis for (Y3Fe5O12)x/Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ Composites
Authors: Rekaby M. , Awad R. , Mohammed N. H. , Ahmed M. , Abou-Aly A. I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, the influence of adding Yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) nanoparticles (NPs) on the microstructure and fluctuation-induced conductivity (FIC) of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ (CuTl-1223) superconductor was studied. Y3Fe5O12 NPs were produced by the co-precipitation technique. By solid state route, (Y3Fe5O12)x/Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ composites, with x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 wt. % were prepared. The tetragonal unit cell parameters of (Y3Fe5O12)x/Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ composites were found to be invariable with Y3Fe5O12 content. The volume fraction of the host phase was increased with Y3Fe5O12 addition till x = 0.04 wt. %. The different vibrational modes of the samples were identified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The transition from normal to the superconducting state, for the prepared composites, was done through d.c resistivity measurements from room temperature down to zero critical temperature (T0). The Aslamazov–Larkin (AL) model was used to examine fluctuation regions in resistivity-temperature curves. At high temperatures, short wave fluctuation was observed. A cross-over between short wave fluctuation and the mean-field region was spotted at lower temperatures. The mean field region for the examined composites was composed of two-dimensional fluctuations along with one-dimensional fluctuation. The coherence length along the c-axis ζc(0), interlayer coupling (J), and anisotropy parameter (γ) were estimated from the Lawrence–Doniach (LD) model as a function of Y3Fe5O12 content.
Microstructure evolution and growth mechanism of core-shell silicon-based nanowires by thermal evaporation of SiO
Authors: Liu Bing , Sun Jia , Zhou Lei , Zhang Pei , Yan Chenxin , Fu Qiangang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCore-shell structured SiC@SiO2 nanowires and Si@SiO2 nanowires were prepared on the surface of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by a thermal evaporation method using SiO powders as the silicon source and Ni(NO3)2 as the catalyst. The average diameters of SiC@SiO2 nanowires and Si@SiO2 nanowires are about 145 nm, and the core-shell diameter ratios are about 0.41 and 0.53, respectively. The SiO2 shells of such two nanowires resulted from the reaction between SiO and CO and the reaction of SiO itself, respectively, based on the model analysis. The growth of these two nanowires conformed to the vapor—liquid—solid (VLS) mode. In this mode, CO played an important role in the growth of nanowires. There existed a critical partial pressure of CO (pC) determining the microstructure evolution of nanowires into whether SiC@SiO2 or Si@SiO2. The value of pC was calculated to be 4.01×10−15 Pa from the thermodynamic computation. Once the CO partial pressure in the system was greater than the pC, SiO tended to react with CO, causing the formation of SiC@SiO2 nanowires. However, the decomposition of SiO played a predominant role and the products mainly consisted of Si@SiO2 nanowires. This work may be helpful for the regulation of the growth process and the understanding of the growth mechanism of silicon-based nanowires.
Timing and characteristics of nuclear events during conjugation and genomic exclusion in Paramecium multimicronucleatum
Authors: Zhang Xue , Lu Xiaoteng , Chi Yong , Jiang Yaohan , Wang Chundi , Al-Farraj Saleh A. , Vallesi Adriana , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCiliated protists are ideal material for studying the origin and evolution of sex, because of their nuclear dimorphism (containing both germline micronucleus and somatic macronucleus in the same cytoplasm), special sexual processes (conjugation and autogamy), and high diversity of mating-type systems. However, the study of sexual process is limited to only a few species, due to the difficulties in inducing or observing conjugation. In the present study, we investigate the conjugation process in Paramecium multimicronucleatum: (1) of the three prezygotic divisions, all micronuclei undergo the first two divisions (meiosis I, II), while a variable number of nuclei undergo the third division (mitosis); (2) the synkaryon divides three times after fertilization, giving rise to eight products that differentiate into four macronuclear anlagen and four micronuclei; (3) cells restore the vegetative stage after two successive cell fissions during which the macronuclear anlagen are distributed into daughter cells without division, while micronuclei divide mitotically; (4) the parental macronucleus begins to fragment following the first meiotic division and finally degenerates completely; (5) the entire process takes about 110 h, of which about 85 h are required for macronuclear development. In addition, we describe for the first time the process of genomic exclusion occurring between amicronucleate and micronucleate cells of P. multimicronucleatum, during which the micronucleate cell contributes a pronucleus to the amicronucleate cell, resulting in both exconjugants being homozygotes. These results provide new insights into the diversity of sexual processes and lay an important cytological basis for future in-depth studies of mating systems in ciliates.
‘It is a bloody big and responsible job’: perspectives on climate change communication from Australia-focused practitioners
Authors: Badullovich Nicholas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate change is a complex social-political issue in Australia with a history of dysfunctional conflict over climate policy. This presents challenges for the practitioners communicating about climate change to different publics. To date, academic research has focused on exploring how effective communication can be achieved but rarely has this been understood from a practitioner’s perspective. I present the findings of nineteen (n = 19) semi-structured interviews with climate change communication (CCC) practitioners in Australia. The interviews explored occupational experiences as a means to understand the state of practice, challenges, and ways forward for CCC. I explore four key themes in this analysis: the practitioners, their goals, the barriers, and their perspectives on framing. Participants spoke of the complexity in doing CCC work, including many barriers, but their focus on effective communication and engagement remains strong in the face of challenging circumstances.
Graphical abstract
Antimicrobial properties of Theruptor 3D-hydrocellular wound dressing: An in vitro study
Authors: Gupta Richie , Murthy KVNN Santosh , Bhagavan K. R. , Moharana Ashok Kumar , Rodrigues Michael , TS Deepak 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Colonized wound infections become a major public health concern. Infections may lead to delayed healing process or severe complications. Thus, the incorporation of antimicrobial agents such as silver, iodine, etc., into the dressing material provides protection against microbes. However, these agents have limited functional usage. Recently, Dimethyl tetradecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride (DTAC) based 3D-hydrocellular wound dressings have emerged. Therefore, we evaluated the short- and long-term antibacterial efficacy of Theruptor 3D-hydrocellular wound dressing.

Methods:
The antimicrobial activity of the dressing was evaluated using modified method of AATCC100. Inoculums of 27 differential microbes including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungus were obtained. The fabric samples were inoculated with a different microbial sample in a sterile petri plate. The samples were incubated for short (1 min, 30 min, 1h, and 4h) and long (7, 14, and 28 days) term durations.

Results:
Initially, the growth of test microorganisms ranged between 7.9 × 106 to 2.38 × 107 CFU/ml at 0 min. After respective time intervals, the growth of all the tested microbes was significantly reduced in a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The dressing material achieved zero CFU/ml at 4 h. Moreover, it showed a significant reduction of >5 log at 1 h till 28 days.

Conclusion:
Based on the “physical kill mechanism”, Theruptor 3D-hydrocellular wound dressing not only provides protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens but for a wide-ranging time period i.e., 1 min to 28 days that ensures effective and significant wound healing. Thus, it may consider as a promising advancement in the wound care settings.

Highlights
Efficacy and safety of various oral regimens (three oral doses) and schedules (daily v. monthly) of cholecalciferol in North Indian adults with low vitamin D status: evidence from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Sidana Shivani , Baba Mohammad Salem , Sahar Tajali , Rashid Aafia , Asrar Mir Mahmood , Marwaha R K , Wani Ishfaq Ahmad , Misgar Riyaz A , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVitamin D (VD) deficiency (serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of < 20 ng/ml), in endemic proportions, demands a supplementation strategy with optimal dosing regimens. A randomised parallel-group, active-controlled trial was conducted among apparently healthy, VD-deficient subjects, aged 18–60 years who received 600 μg/d (Group A), 1000 μg/d (Group B), 2000 μg/d (Group C) and 60 000 μg/month (Group D) of oral cholecalciferol. The intervention was carried in two phases (I and II) of 12 weeks each, with same dose, separated by a washout phase of 12 weeks. Serum 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormones (iPTH), Ca, phosphorous (PO4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and spot urine Ca/Cr were measured at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 weeks following the intervention, and adverse events were recorded at each occurrence and at 12, 24 and 36 weeks. A statistically significant time–group interaction was found in serum 25(OH)D concentration (P < 0·05). Serum 25(OH)D concentration increased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks (P < 0·05) in all the groups with no change at 24 weeks but further increase at 36 weeks (P < 0·05). At the end of the study, Group C had maximum increment in serum 25(OH)D concentration, while as Groups C and D (95 %, and 90 %) had higher proportion of subjects VD sufficient than Groups A and B (65 % and 78 %) (P < 0·05). No significant time–dose interactions were observed in serum iPTH, Ca, PO4 and ALP or urine Ca/Cr ratio. Three subjects (two in Group C and one in Group D) developed transient hypercalciuria. Supplementation with daily 2000 μg or monthly 60 000 μg of oral cholecalciferol among adults seems optimal and safe.