bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Plant Vigor by in Vitro Propagation of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. from Sub-epidermal Tissue1
Authors: Bilkey P. C. , Cocking E. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Differential regeneration capacities of epidermal and sub-epidermal tissues of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. ‘Georgia’ were dependent on the basal salts used in the tissue culture medium. Murashige and Skoog salts medium containing 0.1 mg/liter a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/liter benzyamino purine (BA) induced callus from petiole cross-sections and similar cross-sections with their epidermis removed. Shoot regeneration occurred only on the explants containing an epidermis. B5 salts medium, with the same growth hormone concentrations, induced shoot regeneration from both explant types. When grown to flowering, plants derived from sub-epidermal tissues were more vigorous, became 25% greater in fresh weight, 11% larger in diameter, and produced 28% more leaves, which were 14% wider with petioles 18% longer, than their epidermal derived counterparts.
In Vitro Propagation of Hyacinth1, 2
Authors: Kim Y. -J. , Hasegawa P. M. , Bressan R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Numerous bulblets were obtained directly from flower bud tissue of Hyacinthus orientalis L. cvs. Anna Marie and Delft Blue on medium containing Murashige and Skoog salts, vitamins, glycine, i-inositol, sucrose, and agar plus 3 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and 0.3 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), both in darkness and in light. Root formation occurred when individual bulblets were separated and transferred to a medium containing 0.1 mg/liter NAA. Over 90% of bulblets of both cultivars grown on this medium were successfully transferred to a soil mixture.
Sensitivity of Ginseng to Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: A. Proctor J. T. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), was injured by exposure to 20 pphm ozone and/or 50 pphm (v/v) sulfur dioxide for 6 hr daily for 4 days. Ozone induced upper surface leaflet stippling along the veins and interveinaily, and sulfur dioxide induced mild chlorosis to irregular necrotic areas. Ginseng was less sensitive to ozone and as sensitive to sulfur dioxide as ‘Cherry Belle’ radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and ‘Bel W-3’ tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).
Rootstock Influences on ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’ Anjou’ Pear Fruit Quality at Harvest and after Storage1
Authors: Fallahi Esmaeil , Larsen Fenton E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Maturity and storage characteristics of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’ Anjou’ fruits from trees planted in 1965 on 8 Pyrus rootstocks were studied in 1977, with all fruits of a cultivar harvested on the same date. Fruits of ‘Bartlett’/Old Home (OH) had high soluble solids, low weight loss, and rapid change of color from green to yellow after 3 months storage, indicating that these fruits were harvested at optimum maturity. Fruits of ‘d’ Anjou’/OH were also high in soluble solids at harvest and after storage for 3 and 4 months and changed color properly after storage. Fruits from ‘Bartlett’/P. betulaefolia Bunge, changed color slowly and had high weight loss and firmness after storage, indicating immaturity at harvest. Fruit of ‘d’ Anjou’/P. ussuriensis Maxim, were firmest at harvest but relatively soft after 3 and 4 months of storage. Fruit of ‘d’ Anjou’/P. betulaefolia were firm after storage with moderate weight loss, low soluble solids, and cork spot. Fruit of ‘d’ Anjou’/P. betulaefolia and P. ussuriensis were high in cork spot but low in scald. Some of these changes reflect an apparent rootstock influence on fruit maturation.
Yield and Growth Response of ‘Heritage’ Raspberry to Daminozide and Ethephon1
Authors: Crandall P. C. , Garth J. K. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydroxide) (daminozide) at concentrations ranging from 2000-8000 ppm applied when primocanes were 45 cm tall (12–16 nodes) greatly increased the early yield of ‘Heritage’ raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.). The addition of (2-chlorethyl)phosphoric acid (ethephon) at 300 ppm tended to further increase the effectiveness of the daminozide treatments. None of the treatments significantly affected the total primocane height. Microscopic examination of the axillary buds of untreated primocanes revealed that first signs of floral development occurred soon after the growth regulators were applied.
Ericoid Mycorrhizas Stimulate Fruit Yield of Blueberry1
Authors: Powell C. L. , Bates P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two-year-old blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of 6 cultivars were planted into a peat soil with or without ericoid mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. At the first fruit season, inoculation increased fruit yield by 11 to 92% among the six cultivars.
Effect of BA and GA on Fruit Drop of Citrus1
Authors: Dayuan Wang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Application of gibberellic acid (GA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) on whole trees of ‘Washington Navel’ orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) during anthesis caused flower thinning and increased leaf size of the spring growth flush. BA sprayed on whole trees at the young fruit stage induced premature initiation of the summer growth flush and resulted in serious fruit drop. Application of B A on the surface of individual young fruit of ‘Washington Navel’ orange and ‘Satsuma’ mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) prevented postbloom drop, but not June drop. Neither GA nor BA had any influence on fruit-set of “Jeng” orange.
Levels of Dichlorvos on Calimyrna Figs1
Authors: Archer Thomas E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Residues of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) on Calimyrna figs (Ficus carica L.) declined to <5 ppb by day 6 after trees were pressure sprayed with 2,805 liters/ha at a rate of 2.24 kg Vaponite 2 a.i./ha for control of dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus L.) and Drosophila spp. and fruit were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 days. Very little residue (<5 to 33 ppb) was detected on fresh figs after multiple applications of 2.24 and 4.48 kg a.i./ha. All of the ground dried figs had significant residues. About 90.9% of the residues were removed after dehydration. Dichlorvos residues were on the surface of the figs but were not easily removed by surface wash only. Residues were absorbed in the surface cuticle materials of the figs and surface waxes must be dissolved to successfully remove the residues from the plant material.
Thiocyanate Ion Content in Relation to Clubroot Disease Severity in Cabbages1
Authors: Chong Calvin , Chiang M. S. , Crête R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thiocyanate ion (SCN−) content, derived from indolylglucosinolates, was analyzed in the head and roots of 3 cabbage lines (80–5, 80–38, and 80–35, all derived from interspecific hybridization between Brassica napus L. and B. oleracea L. Capitata group), segregating for degrees of susceptibility to clubroot disease incited by Plasmodiophora brassicac Wor. There was a linear increase in SCN− content in heads with increasing clubroot severity of both susceptible lines 80–5 and 80–38. The head SCN- content of line 80–35, resistant to clubroot, was not influenced by clubroot severity and was negatively correlated with head SCN− content. Root fresh weight increased with increasing clubroot severity and was positively correlated with root SCN− content.
Tomato Production and Soil Pest Control in Relation to Width of Fumigated and Mulched Bed and Soil Fumigation Rate1
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , Phatak S. C. , Johnson A. W. , McCarter S. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polyethylene mulched bed widths (28, 56, 84 and 112 cm) with methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas mixture (67-33%, 280 kg/ha) soil fumigation were evaluated in 2 tests for soil pest control and production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In 2 other tests, methyl bromide-chloropicrin rates of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg/ha applied under a 112-cm wide mulched bed were evaluated. Populations of root-knot nematodes, parasitic soil fungi, and root-gall indices decreased with increases in mulched bed width. All fumigation rates resulted in decreased populations of root-knot larvae, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and root-gall indices compared with non-fumigated plots. In greenhouse tests, tomato seedlings emerged and survived best in potted soil from mulched plots with the widest bed and those treated with the highest rate of fumigant. Marketable tomato yields increased linearly with increased bed width in 1 test whereas yields were similar among treatments in the other tests.
Cotyledon Shading and Seedling Growth of Pumpkin1
Authors: Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir, cv. Dickinson Field) seedlings were grown in the light, in the dark, or in the light with the cotyledons covered. Cotyledons kept in the dark or covered, lost a fourth of their dry weight to support axis tissue growth and were dead 25 days after planting. Dry weight of light-grown cotyledons decreased initially but by 25 days after planting equaled their initial dry weight. Dry weight of dark-grown axis tissue increased for 9 days and then remained constant. The weight of axis tissue of plants grown in the light at 25 days was 4-fold greater than axis tissue from plants whose cotyledons were covered. The data show that shading of the cotyledons dramatically affect the growth of the axis tissue of the young pumpkin seedling.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Diseases of Begonia, Chrysanthemum, Poinsettia, and Rose1
Authors: Sammons Bernard , Rissler Jane F. , Shanks James B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seven growth regulators representing ethylene-generating materials, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and inhibitors were applied prior to inoculation with selected pathogens of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), begonia (Begonia X hiemalis Fotech.), rose (Rosa hybrida L.), and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). (2-ChloroethyI)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) increased the incidence of Ascochyta ray blight (incited by Ascochyta chrysanthemi Stevens) on ‘Ritz’ chrysanthemum but the other materials had no effect. None of the growth regulators influenced powdery mildrew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lev.] of rose, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.) of begonia, or grey mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) of poinsettia.
Factors Affecting Predisposition of Flowering Dogwood Trees to Attack by the Dogwood Borer1
Authors: Potter D. A. , Timmons G. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Factors affecting natural infestation of flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.) by the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula Harris (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), were studied in an urban cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. Two tree characteristics, severity of trunk wounding and exposure to sun, were most important in determining the probability of borer attack. Degree of crown dieback or color of bloom did not significantly affect the rate of infestation. There was no correlation between tree diameter and probability of attack, but height of attack sites increased linearly with increasing tree size.
Cold Hardiness of Bermudagrass and Paspalum vaginatum Sw.1
Authors: Ibitayo O. O. , Butler J. D. , Burke M. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Field and laboratory tests of cold hardiness were conducted on 8 cultivars of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and 2 cultivars of Paspalum vaginatum. The cultivars of bermudagrass were more cold hardy than those of Paspalum. ‘Brookings’ bermudagrass was the hardiest turfgrass.
‘Trost Prince’ and ‘Frost Princess’ Camellias1
Authors: Ackerman W. L. , Williams Margot 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Camellias are grown out-of-doors along the East Coast from Maryland to Florida, westward through the Gulf States to Texas, and along the West Coast from southern California to coastal Oregon and Washington. This region, described roughly as the “Camellia Belt” is responsible for most of the camellias grown in the United States. Beyond this region there are scattered plantings, usually under protected microclimatic conditions, subject to severe winterkill during periodic colder than normal winters.
The National Plant Germplasm System1
Authors: Jones Quentin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plant germplasm is the base for a productive agriculture. It is the genetic raw material required by breeders for the development of new, superior cultivars that can insure a stable, plentiful supply of food, feed, and fiber having desirable qualities. The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), a network of public and private workers and facilities around the United States, is the steward for this irreplaceable resource. Over 450,000 samples in the form of seed or growing plants (propagated as clones) are contained within the system; more than 200,000 sub-samples of these are distributed to breeders and other users each year. The collection is expanding at the rate of 7,500 new introductions annually.
Collegiate Branch Forum Papers
Authors: Wetzstein Hazel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Collegiate Branch Forum is an excellent means for undergraduate students to gain experience in presenting papers and to become involved in research. Students need much time and guidance at the undergraduate level. However, considering the purpose behind collegiate branch papers, I elected not to co-author their papers. This was also the case in some of the other collegiate papers in which only the student's name appears. I question whether a paper belongs in the collegiate division if several faculty names appear as co-authors. Perhaps a concensus should be made concerning the number of students allowed on a single paper and whether faculty advisors are to be co-authors. One paper given this year had seven co-authors.
Extension Response to a Serious Freeze in Florida1
Authors: Jackson L. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The severe freeze of January 12–14, 1981 gave Florida Fruit Crops Extension faculty some serious challenges and unique opportunities in ensuing months. Record-breaking low temperatures throughout peninsular Florida severely damaged much of Florida’s citrus and growers were faced with many problems dealing with rehabilitation and care of frozen fruit and trees. Within 24 hours after the severity of the freeze was apparent, Extension faculty of the University of Florida's Department of Fruit Crops had formulated a massive state-wide effort of intensive Extension to help growers cope with their problems. This paper outlines the procedure used to formulate this educational program.
Superimposed Amplified Exotherm Differential Thermal Analysis System1
Authors: Nus J. L. , Weigle J. L. , Schradle J. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Superimposed Amplified Exotherm Differential Thermal Analysis System is presented as a system used for detecting low-temperature exotherms of excised dormant flower buds. This system uses thermistors that do not penetrate the tissue and a liquid freezing medium for more uniform temperatures between the sample and reference. A test chamber is presented that can be used with a nonprogrammable freezer. Tests with Forsythia flower buds indicate 2 exotherms, the second of which is associated with a dramatic loss of tissue viability.
Movement of Granular Simazine by Wind Erosion1
Authors: Gaynor J. D. , MacTavish D. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An early spring wind storm 8 days after application of granular simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-tгiazine] to sandy loam soil reduced the amount of simazine in the treated area to 57% of that applied. The herbicide was deposited up to 2½ m downwind of the area of application at concentrations phytotoxic to susceptible crops. These results and observations made in other years suggest that herbicide loss by wind erosion may be more significant than loss by water erosion.
Leaching of EPTC, Alachlor, and Metolachlor through a Nursery Medium as Influenced by Herbicide Formulations1
Authors: Koncal J. J. , Gorske S. F. , Fretz T. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Granular and tablet formulations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), alachlor (2-chloro-2’, 6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide) were evaluated for leaching characteristics in nursery containers. The tablet formulations generally controlled the release rate of the herbicides so leaching was not a major problem. Granular formulations of the same herbicides readily leached through the medium. EPTC did not release at a favorable rate from the tablet formulation.
The Use of Silver Thiosulfate Anionic Complex as a Foliar Spray to Prevent Flower Abscission of Zygocactus1
Authors: Cameron Arthur C. , Reid Michael S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
After 4 days, zygocactus plants (Schlumbergera truncata) exposed to air containing 0.5, 5 and 50 µl/liter C2H4 or held in the dark at 26°C dropped all their buds and flowers. Foliar application of silver thiosulfate (STS) significantly reduced flower and bud abscission of zygocactus plants stressed by exposure to C2H4 or 26°C plus dark even 4 weeks after application. Phytotoxicity was negligible when the silver concentration was 2 mm or less.
Effect of Silver-thiosulfate Pretreatment on Vase Life of Cut Standard Carnations, Spray Carnations, and Gladiolus, after a Transcontinental Truck Shipment1
Authors: Mor Yoram , Hardenburg Robert E. , Kofranek Anton M. , Reid Michael S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Treatment of ‘Scania’ standard carnations and ‘Elegance’ spray carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) with silver thiosulate and the biocide Physan before shipment markedly extended shelf life in deionized water after arrival. The treatment extended vase life of ‘Scania’ and ‘Elegance’ 11.5 and 5.2 days, respectively, over controls. Pretreatment of ‘Captain Busch’ gladiolus Gladiolus × hortulanus L. H. Bailey with silver thiosulfate alone or with a 10% sucrose pulse improved the quality of the spikes but did not extend vase life after shipment.
Influence of Growth Stage and Cultivar on Symptom Expression in Marigold, Tagetes sp., Infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis1
Authors: Styer D. J. , Durbin R. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The reaction of 39 marigold cultivars to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis Young, Dye & Wilkie was determined. Three new symptoms were observed in addition to large necrotic leaf spots with or without apical chlorosis: flecks and leaf spots both surrounded by chlorotic halos and apical chlorosis without leaf spots. Symptoms develop only on vegetatively growing tissue; new symptoms do not develop on mature tissue. Tall cultivars generally were more susceptible than dwarf cultivars.
Cyanogenesis in Sweet and Bitter Cultivars of Cassava1
Authors: Pereira José F. , Seigier David S. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cyanide content of the leaves and roots of 6 Venezuelan cultivars of Manihot esculenta Crantz (yuca, cassava) did not necessarily coincide with their organoleptic classifications. Leaves and root periderm contained the largest amount of cyanogenic compounds. The content of cyanide in leaves and root periderm was not associated with the cyanide content of root parenchymal tissue.
Relation of Photosynthetic Rates to Yield in Sweet Potato Genotypes1
Authors: Bhagsari Ajmer S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Significant differences were observed in yield, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), percent leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll content, stomatal density and specific leaf weight in various genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) but these characters were not correlated with root yield.
‘Tuscarora’ Lagerstroemia1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Tuscarora’, with dark coral flowers (Fig.1), is the first significant flower color break recovered among L. indica L. × L. fauriei Koehne progeny. Lagerstroemia, commonly known as crapemyrtle, for the most part has been commercially distributed only in red, pink, lavender, and white flower forms. Although The Lagerstroemia Handbook/Checklist (1) enumerates numerous cultivars, few have proved superior to unnamed color forms, or have been of commercial significance, because of mildew incited by Erysiphe lagerstroemiae E. West. From earlier hybridization at the U.S. National Arboretum, 6 mildew-resistant L. indica cultivars (‘Catawba’, ‘Cherokee’, ‘Conestoga’, ‘Potomac’, ‘Powhatan’, and ‘Seminole’) have been introduced (2, 3). More recently, the profuse flowering of L. indica was recombined with the bark coloration, mildew resistance, and growth habit characteristics of L. fauriei to produce ‘Muskogee’ and ‘Natchez’ (4). ‘Tuscarora’ is another noteworthy advance in the breeding of mildew-free Lagerstroemia cultivars.
‘Sivan’ Grape1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Asaph R. , Baron I. , Sahar N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a table grape-breeding program initiated in 1968 at Bet Dagan, the progeny of a cross between the local cultivar ‘Dabouki’ and ‘Cardinal’, has proven of special interest and several selections have been made. One selection is being named ‘Sivan’.
‘Hull Thornless’ Blackberry1
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Draper A. D. , Hill R. G. , Blake R. C. , Skirvin R. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Hull Thornless’ (Rubus sp., is a vigorous and productive thornless blackberry cultivar with firm, sweet, fruit. It is named for the late John W. (Jack) Hull, formerly of the University of Maryland, the University of Arkansas, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, who spent most of his life breeding blackberries and raspberries. ‘Hull Thornless’ is the fifth in a series of tetraploid, genetically thornless blackberry hybrids developed by the USDA and cooperating agencies (4). It is adapted principally to USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6-8.
‘Explorer’ Plum1
Authors: Thompson J. M. , Prince V. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Explorer‘ plum (complex hybrid with reciprocal representations of Prunus salicina Lindl., P. americana Marsh., and P. simonii Carr.) was released by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide a large, July-maturing, amberfleshed purple plum adapted to Japanese-type plum-growing areas of the southeastern United States.
‘Redfree’ Apple1
Authors: Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Dayton D. F. , Hough L. F. , Bailey Catherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Redfree’ is an attractive high finish red apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) with field immunity to the apple scab organism (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint). The fruit is medium size. It matures 2 to 3 weeks before ‘Prima’ and 1 week before ‘Paulared’. ‘Redfree’ is released as a potential commercial cultivar for use as a summer dessert apple.
‘Capital’ Ornamental Pear1
Authors: Ackerman W. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is now more than 2 decades since the release of Pyrus calleryana Dcne. cv. Bradford by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (3, 5). During this time it has become a very popular shade tree for landscape and street planting purposes. Widely grown throughout the Mid-Atlantic States, westward to the Mississippi and in parts of the West Coast, it is listed among the “Ten Most Recommended Trees” of several states. ‘Bradford’ has a broad globular crown and may grow to over 15 m in height and in width at maturity.