bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin decreases fecundity in the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi by inhibiting the target of rapamycin signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Shasha , Wang Luhan , Liu Tingting , Yang Xuesen , Hu Xiaobing , Wang Ying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Mosquito-borne diseases threaten human health, but mosquito control faces various challenges, such as resistance to chemical insecticides. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective and environment-friendly control agents. Capsaicin can downregulate the mTOR signaling pathway of tumor cells. The TOR signaling pathway can mediate the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) to regulate the fecundity of insects. Whether capsaicin has the potential to inhibit fecundity of mosquitoes by regulating TOR pathway and Vg expression is currently unclear.

Methods
Anopheles stephensi were fed with blood of mice administered capsaicin by gavage or sugar containing capsaicin followed by a blood feeding with normal mice. Then, the engorged female mosquitoes were tubed individually and underwent oviposition. The eggs and individuals in the subsequent development stages, including larvae, pupae, and emerging adults, were counted and compared between the capsaicin treatment and control groups. Additionally, total RNA and protein were extracted from the engorged mosquitoes at 24 h post blood feeding. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the transcriptional level and protein expression of the key fecundity-related molecules of mosquitoes. Finally, TOR signaling pathway was inhibited via rapamycin treatment, and changes in fecundity and the key molecule transcription and protein expression levels were examined to verify the role of TOR signaling pathway in the effect of capsaicin on mosquito fecundity.

Results
The laid and total eggs (laid eggs plus retained eggs) of An. stephensi were significantly reduced by feeding on the blood of capsaicin-treated mice (P < 0.01) or capsaicin-containing sugar (P < 0.01) compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the transcription and protein expression or phosphorylation levels of fecundity-related molecules, such as Akt, TOR, S6K, and Vg, were significantly decreased by capsaicin treatment. However, the effects disappeared between control group and CAP group after the TOR signaling pathway was inhibited by rapamycin.

Conclusions
Capsaicin can decrease the fecundity of An. stephensi by inhibiting the TOR signaling pathway. These data can help us to not only understand the effect of capsaicin on the reproductive ability of An. stephensi and its underlying mechanism, but also develop new efficient, safe, and pollution-free mosquito vector control agents.

Graphical Abstract
Delayed percutaneous coronary intervention for an extensive iatrogenic left main coronary artery dissection: a case report
Authors: Varlamos Charalampos , Varytimiadi Efthymia , Benetou Despoina-Rafailia , Alexopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Iatrogenic left main coronary artery dissection is a rare but serious complication that can occur both during diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. Early diagnosis and choice of optimal management are of crucial importance for patient’s outcome while representing a challenge for clinicians.

Case presentation
We present a case of iatrogenic left main coronary artery dissection occurring during diagnostic coronary angiography in a 53-year-old Greek woman with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Although dissection was greatly extending to mid left anterior descending artery, delayed percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully performed by carefully wiring the true lumen.

Conclusions
Delayed percutaneous coronary intervention, performed 25 days following the index event, proved to be a feasible and effective strategy for treating a widely extended left main coronary artery iatrogenic dissection.
Steganographic secret sharing via AI-generated photorealistic images
Authors: Gao Kai , Chang Ching-Chun , Horng Ji-Hwei , Echizen Isao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSteganographic secret sharing is an access control technique that transforms a secret message into multiple shares in a steganographic sense. Each share is in a human-readable format in order to dispel suspicion from a malicious party during transmission and storage. Such a human-readable format can also serve to facilitate data management. The secret can be reconstructed only when a sufficient number of authorized shareholders collaborate. In this study, we use neural networks to encode secret shares into photorealistic image shares. This approach is conceptually related to coverless image steganography in which the data are transformed directly into an image rather than concealed into a cover image. We further implement an authentication mechanism to verify the integrity of the image shares presented in the decoding phase. All coverless image steganography schemes can be used to achieve steganographic secret sharing, but our detection mechanism can further improve the robustness of these schemes. Experimental results confirm the robustness of the proposed scheme against various steganalysis and tampering attacks.
The teaching and learning of communication skills for social work students: a realist synthesis protocol
Authors: Reith-Hall Emma 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Good interpersonal communication is the cornerstone of social work practice, enhancing the outcomes of people in receipt of its services. Social workers’ communication skills are often identified as an area of concern. Communication skills can be developed and refined through training or education. The teaching and learning of communication skills is firmly embedded in many social work qualifying courses; however, considerable heterogeneity exists regarding such complex interventions and the theoretical underpinnings of which have not been made explicit. Realist synthesis can help explain how, why, for whom and in what circumstances an intervention might work, which is an important first step for helping educators to tailor courses to meet the needs of different learner groups and, where applicable, the employing agencies and government departments who fund them.

Methods
Realist synthesis is an interpretive, theory-driven and explanatory approach that aims to explain the interplay between the context, mechanisms and outcomes of interventions. This realist synthesis seeks to understand and explain to what extent, how, why, for whom and in what circumstances complex educational interventions aimed at teaching communication skills to social work students produces its effects. A five-step process will be followed iteratively. In step 1, the initial programme theory will be developed. Step 2 will involve searching for evidence. In step 3, selection and appraisal will take place. Step 4 requires data to be extracted and organised, and in step 5, data will be analysed and synthesised.

Discussion
The teaching and learning of communication skills in social work education is under theorised. The findings from this realist synthesis aim to help policymakers and educators make informed decisions about the design and delivery of complex educational interventions aimed at improving the communication skills of social work students. The realist synthesis will be conducted and reported in accordance with the RAMESES guidelines and standards.

Systematic review registration
The review is registered with the Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BYHC7
Management of symptomatic cholelithiasis: a systematic review
Authors: Shenoy Rivfka , Kirkland Patrick , Hadaya Joseph E. , Tranfield M. Wynn , DeVirgilio Michael , Russell Marcia M. , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Symptomatic cholelithiasis is a common surgical disease and accounts for half of the over one million cholecystectomies performed in the USA annually. Despite its prevalence, only one prior systematic review has examined the evidence around treatment strategies and it contained a narrow scope. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze the clinical effectiveness of treatment options for symptomatic cholelithiasis, including surgery, non-surgical therapies, and ED pain management strategies.

Methods
Literature search was performed from January 2000 through June 2020, and a narrative analysis was performed as studies were heterogeneous.

Results
We identified 12 publications reporting on 10 trials (9 randomized controlled trials and 1 observational study) comparing treatment methods. The studies assessed surgery, observation, lithotripsy, ursodeoxycholic acid, electro-acupuncture, and pain-management strategies in the emergency department. Only one compared surgery to observation.

Conclusion
This work presents the existing data and underscores the current gap in knowledge regarding treatment for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. We use these results to suggest how future trials may guide comparisons between the timing of surgery and watchful waiting to create a set of standardized guidelines. Providing appropriate and timely treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis is important to streamline care for a costly and prevalent disease.

Trial registration
PROSPERO Protocol Number: CRD42020153153
The inverse problem for the heat equation with reflection of the argument and with a complex coefficient
Authors: Mussirepova Elmira , Sarsenbi Abdissalam , Sarsenbi Abdizhahan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper is devoted to finding a solution and restoring the right-hand side of the heat equation with reflection of the argument in the second derivative, with a complex-valued variable coefficient. We prove a theorem on the Riesz basis property for eigenfunctions of the second-order differential operator with involution in the second derivative. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the studied problems by the method of separation of variables
The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome
Authors: Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Hu Hang-Wei , Maestre Fernando T. , Guerra Carlos A. , Eisenhauer Nico , Eldridge David J. , Zhu Yong-Guan , Chen Qing-Lin , Trivedi Pankaj , Du Shuai , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Verma Jay Prakash , Gozalo Beatriz , Ochoa Victoria , Asensio Sergio , Wang Ling , Zaady Eli , Illán Javier G. , Siebe Christina , Grebenc Tine , Zhou Xiaobing , Liu Yu-Rong , Bamigboye Adebola R. , Blanco-Pastor José L. , Duran Jorge , Rodríguez Alexandra , Mamet Steven , Alfaro Fernando , Abades Sebastian , Teixido Alberto L. , Peñaloza-Bojacá Gabriel F. , Molina-Montenegro Marco A. , Torres-Díaz Cristian , Perez Cecilia , Gallardo Antonio , García-Velázquez Laura , Hayes Patrick E. , Neuhauser Sigrid , He Ji-Zheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs.

Results
We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs.

Conclusions
Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome.
Distribution of Lewy-related pathology in the brain, spinal cord, and periphery: the population-based Vantaa 85 + study
Authors: Raunio Anna , Kivistö Ville , Kero Mia , Tuimala Jarno , Savola Sara , Oinas Minna , Kok Eloise , Colangelo Kia , Paetau Anders , Polvikoski Tuomo , Tienari Pentti J. , Puttonen Henri , Myllykangas Liisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvolving evidence has supported the existence of two anatomically distinct Lewy-related pathology (LRP) types. Investigation of spinal cord and peripheral LRP can elucidate mechanisms of Lewy body disorders and origins of synuclein accumulation. Still, very few unselected studies have focused on LRP in these regions. Here we analysed LRP in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and adrenal gland in the population-based Vantaa 85 + study, including every ≥ 85 years old citizen living in the city of Vantaa in 1991 (n = 601). Samples from spinal cord (C6-7, TH3-4, L3-4, S1-2) were available from 303, lumbar dorsal root ganglion from 219, and adrenal gland from 164 subjects. Semiquantitative scores of LRP were determined from immunohistochemically stained sections (anti-alpha-synuclein antibody 5G4). LRP in the ventral and dorsal horns of spinal cord, thoracic intermediolateral column, dorsal root ganglion and adrenal gland were compared with brain LRP, previously determined according to DLB Consortium criteria and by caudo-rostral versus amygdala-based LRP classification. Spinal LRP was found in 28% of the total population and in 61% of those who had LRP in the brain. Spinal cord LRP was found only in those subjects with LRP in the brain, and the quantity of spinal cord LRP was associated with the severity of brain LRP (p < 0.001). Unsupervised K-means analysis identified two cluster types of spinal and brain LRP corresponding to caudo-rostral and amygdala-based LRP types. The caudo-rostral LRP type exhibited more frequent and severe pathology in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion and adrenal gland than the amygdala-based LRP type. Analysis of specific spinal cord regions showed that thoracic intermediolateral column and sacral dorsal horn were the most frequently affected regions in both LRP types. This population-based study on brain, spinal and peripheral LRP provides support to the concept of at least two distinct LRP types.
Counting microalgae cultures with a stereo microscope and a cell phone using deep learning online resources
Authors: Proença Maria da Conceição , Barbosa Miguel , Amorim Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This work presents an experience done to evaluate the number of very small objects in the field of view of a stereo microscope, which are usually counted by direct observation, with or without the use of grids as visual aids. We intend to show that deep learning recent algorithms like YOLO v5 are adequate to use in the evaluation of the number of objects presented, which can easily reach the 1000 s. This kind of algorithm is open-source software, requiring a minimum of skills to install and run on a regular laptop. We further intend to show that the robustness of these kinds of approaches using convolutional neural networks allowed for the use of images of less quality, such as the images acquired with a cell phone.

Results
The results of training the algorithm and counting microalgae in cell phone images were assessed through human curation in a set of test images and showed a high correlation, showing good precision and accuracy in detections.

Conclusions
This is a low-cost alternative available worldwide to many more facilities than expensive cameras and high-maintenance rigid set-ups, along with software packages with a slow learning curve, therefore enlarging the scope of this technique to areas of knowledge where the conditions of laboratory and human work are a limiting factor.
The skin microbiota of the axolotl Ambystoma altamirani is highly influenced by metamorphosis and seasonality but not by pathogen infection
Authors: Martínez-Ugalde Emanuel , Ávila-Akerberg Víctor , González Martínez Tanya M. , Vázquez Trejo Montserrat , Zavala Hernández Dalia , Anaya-Morales Sara Lucia , Rebollar Eria A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrobiomes have been increasingly recognized as major contributors to host health and survival. In amphibians, bacterial members of the skin microbiota protect their hosts by inhibiting the growth of the fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd). Even though several studies describe the influence of biotic and abiotic factors over the skin microbiota, it remains unclear how these symbiotic bacterial communities vary across time and development. This is particularly relevant for species that undergo metamorphosis as it has been shown that host physiology and ecology drastically influence diversity of the skin microbiome.ResultsWe found that the skin bacterial communities of the axolotlA. altamiraniare largely influenced by the metamorphic status of the host and by seasonal variation of abiotic factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. Despite high Bd prevalence in these samples, the bacterial diversity of the skin microbiota did not differ between infected and non-infected axolotls, although relative abundance of particular bacteria were correlated with Bd infection intensity.ConclusionsOur work shows that metamorphosis is a crucial process that shapes skin bacterial communities and that axolotls under different developmental stages respond differently to environmental seasonal variations. Moreover, this study greatly contributes to a better understanding of the factors that shape amphibian skin microbiota, especially in a largely underexplored group like axolotls (MexicanAmbystomaspecies).
Fast-track surgery and telerehabilitation protocol in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty leads to superior outcomes when compared with the standard protocol: a propensity-matched pilot study
Authors: De Berardinis Luca , Senarighi Marco , Ciccullo Carlo , Forte Fabiana , Spezia Marco , Gigante Antonio Pompilio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Several strategies have been devised to reduce the length of stay after orthopedic surgery. Telerehabilitation has proved effective in functional outcomes after orthopedic procedures and is appreciated by patients. There is limited information on fast-track surgery and telerehabilitation protocols for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The purpose of this pilot study was to report and compare functional outcomes and satisfaction levels during first 12 months of recovery in patients who underwent UKA according to a fast-track and telerehabilitation protocol (G1) or standard surgery and rehabilitation program (G2).

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected and reviewed for all elective UKAs from January 2018 to November 2019. A total of seven patients undergoing UKA according to the fast-track and telerehabilitation protocol were propensity score matched (1:3 ratio) to 21 patients undergoing standard surgery and rehabilitation. Patients were matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and laterality. The Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index and range of motion (ROM) were collected pre- and postoperatively in both groups for 12 months. In addition, patient’ satisfaction was collected at 40 days.

Results
The G1 group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in WOMAC index scores at 2, 15, and 40 days (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.020, respectively) and a significantly greater knee ROM after surgery and at 2, 15, 40, and 12 months (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). No patients in either group had postoperative complications. One patient was not completely satisfied in the G2, while no one in G1 reported not being completely satisfied (p = 1.000).

Conclusions
This fast-track and telerehabilitation protocol after UKA can potentially be applied to patients as it is safe and effective. At 12-months follow-up, both groups reported favorable outcomes after UKA. However, the G1 score was better regarding WOMAC and ROM when compared with the propensity score-matched G2 program. A larger study is warranted to explore the role of fast-track and telerehabilitation in clinical and functional outcomes of UKA.
Gastroprotective effects of Combretum paniculatum (Combretaceae) leaf extract and fractions on absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Emmanuel Peter Ikechukwu , Sandra Ugwu Chikamso , Marytheresa Onwuka Akachukwu , Nwakaego Mbaoji Florence , Nneoma Ofokansi Martha , Azubuike Onyeto Collins , Uzor Philip F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCombretum paniculatum(Combretaceae) Vent. is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat ulcers and gastrointestinal disorders, including distended spleens and the liver. This study investigated the gastroprotective effects ofC. paniculatumleaf extract and its fractions on absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats and explored their effects on endogenous antioxidant (SOD, MDA, GSH, and Catalase) levels. Butanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg), omeprazole (20 mg/kg), and control (3% Tween 80) were administered orally.ResultsThe methanolic extract and fractions ofC. paniculatumexhibited varying degrees of ulcer protection. MECP exhibited significant (P < 0.05) ulcer protection (55.56%) at 200 mg/kg; at 100 and 200 mg/kg, HFCP induced considerable (P < 0.01 & 0.001) ulcer reduction (64.44% and 80.00%), respectively; EAFCP offered substantial (P < 0.05) ulcer reduction (57.78%) at 200 mg/kg, whereas BFCP produced significant (P < 0.01) ulcer protection (73.33% and 68.89%) at 100 and 200 mg/kg against absolute ethanol-induced ulcer. MDA levels were substantially reduced after pretreatment with the extract and fractions, whereas SOD, GSH, and catalase levels were significantly enhanced.ConclusionThese findings suggest thatC. paniculatumleaf extract and fractions possess gastroprotective actions against ethanol-induced ulcers and exert these effects through antioxidant mechanisms. Therefore, the traditional use ofC. paniculatumleaves in the treatment of ulcers is justified.