bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of acute disturbance: The intravenous route
Authors: Castro M. , Butler M. , Thompson A. , Gee S. , Posporelis S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe intravenous (IV) is one of the main parenteral routes for drug administration. Rapid onset of action, precise titration, patient-specific dosing and bypass of liver metabolism are a few of its advantages, while hypersensitivity reactions, adverse effects, infection risk and a higher overall cost some of its most debated downsides. Unlike other areas of Medicine, IV has been significantly under-utilized in Psychiatry.ObjectivesThis systematic review analyzed the evidence for effectiveness and safety behind the use of IV medication used for the management of acute disturbance.MethodsAPA PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible studies. Studies were included if they used IV medication to treat acute disturbance, in English language, had participants aged >18. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality checklist.Results17 studies were deemed eligible. Data analysis was limited to narrative synthesis since primary outcome measures varied significantly between each study. Findings showed strong evidence for efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine, droperidol, midazolam, and olanzapine. These medications displayed a short time to sedation, reduction in agitation levels, or large percentage of patients adequately sedated with a low number of adverse events. Results did not provide enough evidence for the use of IV ketamine, haloperidol, diazepam, lorazepam, and promethazine.ConclusionsThis review supports dexmedetomidine, droperidol, midazolam, and olanzapine as safe and efficacious options for managing acute disturbance via the intravenous route, particularly in special clinical settings where trained staff, optimal monitoring, resuscitation equipment and ventilators are all at hand.
Evaluation of a newly implemented crisis-resolution and home-treatment team in munich – a mixed-methods-analysis
Authors: Boyens J. , Brieger P. , Hamann J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChallenged by the lack of collaboration between treatment sectors in psychiatric care in Germany, a legal basis for the implementation of Stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB), a programme for crisis resolution and home treatment (CRHT), was formed in 2017. It offers intensive care to patients with severe mental illness in their own living environments, carried out by a team of diverse professionals.ObjectivesThe present analysis is the first to evaluate the CRHT-program that has been established in the greater Munich area in 2018.MethodsQualitative and quantitative data were collected within the framework of a mixed-methods-analysis. Records of all patients (N=139) included in the CRHT over a thirteen-month period (’18–’19) were examined regarding sociodemographic, clinical parameters, and treatment data. A focus group with StäB-employees (N=8) and individual interviews with patients (N=10) were conducted, then transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.Results139 patients (74% female) were treated in 164 cases for 38 days on average. Main diagnoses were schizophrenic diseases (43%) and mood disorders (35%), with patients ranging from markedly to severely ill (mean CGI-S: 5.8). 9.4% were in postpartum. Qualitative analysis is still in progress. Preliminary results demonstrate positive responses to individual treatment and environmental integration, whereas frequently changing contacts and the logistical effort were seen critically.ConclusionsWork is still in progress. We expect StäB to be an adequate alternative to inpatient treatment for women in puerperium and a new opportunity for patients who need intensive treatment but refuse hospitalisation.
The landscape of schizophrenia on twitter
Authors: Rodrigues T. , Guimarães N. , Monteiro J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPeople with schizophrenia experience higher levels of stigma compared with other diseases. The analysis of social media content is a tool of great importance to understand the public opinion toward a particular topic.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to analyse the content of social media on schizophrenia and the most prevalent sentiments towards this disorder.MethodsTweets were retrieved using Twitter’s Application Programming Interface and the keyword “schizophrenia”. Parameters were set to allow the retrieval of recent and popular tweets on the topic and no restrictions were made in terms of geolocation. Analysis of 8 basic emotions (anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise, and trust) was conducted automatically using a lexicon-based approach and the NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon.ResultsTweets on schizophrenia were heterogeneous. The most prevalent sentiments on the topic were mainly negative, namely anger, fear, sadness and disgust. Qualitative analyses of the most retweeted posts added insight into the nature of the public dialogue on schizophrenia.ConclusionsAnalyses of social media content can add value to the research on stigma toward psychiatric disorders. This tool is of growing importance in many fields and further research in mental health can help the development of public health strategies in order to decrease the stigma towards psychiatric disorders.
Burnout syndrome among brazilian medical students under different educational models
Authors: Prata T. , Calcides D. , Vasconcelhos E. , Carvalho A. , De Melo E. , Costa E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMedical students are exposed to many stressors which may contribute to the onset of Burnout Syndrome (BS). It consists of a triad of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and low professional efficacy. As a result, BS may reduce academic performance, quality of life and damage future professional life.ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence and recognize associated factors of BS among medical students from two different medical schools form the same Brazilian Public University with different teaching models: School 1, with a traditional model, and School 2, with Problem-Based Learning model.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with randomly selected students between April and June 2019. A structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics and the educational process in addition to The Maslach Burnout Inventory/Student Survey (MBI-SS) were used. Statistical evaluation of multiple variables was performed through backward stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsStudy included 213 students, with an average age of 23±3.77, 50,2% were male and 62,5% belong to School 1. Among this sample, 21,6% of the students fit tridimensional criteria for BS. Burnout levels were higher in those people who rarely get emotional support they need in the course (OR=3,98, CI 95%, 1,75-9,06), who considered abandoning the course (OR= 2,88, CI 95% 1,29-6,43) and who consider their academic performance regular or weak (OR= 12,1, CI 95%, 4-36,5).ConclusionsResults suggest a high prevalence of BS with factors associated with the psychosocial and educational sphere of medical students. In our research, the teaching model was not a factor associated with BS.
Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among medical students at a university in Brazil
Authors: Prata T. , Vasconcelhos E. , Calcides D. , Carvalho A. , De Melo E. , Costa E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCommon Mental Disorders (CMD) are minor manifestations of depressive, anxious or somatoform symptoms, which do not fit the diagnostic criteria of the International Code of Diseases (ICD). In medical students, this panorama can generate even more repercussions given the complexity of the medical education process.ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence and recognize associated factors of CMD among medical at the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with randomly selected students between April and June 2019. The Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) were used, along with a questionnaire about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, personal aspects and educational process, prepared by the authors and previously tested in a pilot study. Statistical evaluation of multiple variables was performed through backward stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 80 students, equivalent to 22.59% of the total population of the studied Campus. There was an age average of 23.2 years (± 4.12), mostly female (52.5%) and single individuals (35%). The prevalence of CMD was 50% and an association was observed with the following factors: feeling of dissatisfaction with the course (p = 0.034); consider their own academic performance poor or regular (p = 0.12); lack of physical activity (p = 0.043); being anxious when not using a cell phone (p = 0.007); and the retraction pattern in the face of conflict situations in their interpersonal relationships (p = 0.025).ConclusionsResults suggest a high prevalence of CDM, associated mainly with the personal perspective about the educational process and personal habits.
To value the model of psychiatric hospital admission, from 2013 to 2017 in local health service in a 240.000 people area of northern Italy
Authors: Giacomin M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychiatric Patients Admissions in Mental health Service of Treviso (Italy) were compared from 2013 to 2017. Trends of Admissions take onto consideration, the presence of Menthal Health Service for Outpatients Care.ObjectivesTo point out the distribution of Diagnosis made in Different Years for different patients ages.MethodsFor every patient has been considered the following date : Sex, Age, Marital State, Profession, Psychiatric Diagnosis, Days of Admission, Geografic Origin and KInd of Admission (Voluntary / Involuntay).ResultsIt is noticeable the different percentage of Psychiatric Diagnosis in 2013 rather than in 2017. In 2017 it happened a more amount of Psychiatric Admission of Subjects with Substance Addiction Related Disturbs (Alcool included) and Atypical Depression Sindrome and Borderline and Cluster B Perrsonalòity Disorders. Lower amount instead was verified for Diagnosis of Schizofernia, Neurosis and Oligofrenia. Beside it was noticed, an earlier onset of Psychotic Sindrome in Young people often related with Substance Abuse. In the 2017 besides was lower the amount of Involuntary Admission (T.S.O. in Italy) compared with 2013.ConclusionsDifferent distribution of Diagnosis is explained by the Evolution Diagnosis Orientation (from D.S.M. IV to I.C.D. 10) About the increased Diagnosis of Substance Addiction Disturbs and Younger age of same subjescts seems caused by a different treatment’s Strategy with brief selective Admissions. Furthermore lesser Involonary Admission seems due to best knowledge of every patients. The most of Theese were indeed already known by Ambulatory Outpatient Mental Health Service.
Social factors and suicidal ideation in adulthood
Authors: Lirón A. Rodríguez , Gayete S. , Olaya B. , Ayuso-Mateos J.L. , Haro J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn recent years, it has been possible to corroborate that people’s social environment is a key aspect in the study of suicide risk.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the relation between suicidal ideation and social factors (loneliness, social support, trust, participation and cohabiting) in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population, comparing the effect according to sex different age groups (18-49, 50-64, ≥65 years).MethodsCross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Spanish population (n = 4,217) conducted between 2011 and 2012. Loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Social support was assessed using the OSLO-3 Social Support Scale, and participation scale and trust. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusting for sex, sociodemographic and health variables (lifestyles, depression, and multimorbidity).ResultsPrevalence rates of suicidal ideation were higher in young and middle-aged adults. In the middle-aged groups, loneliness is significantly associated with suicidal ideation in both women and man. Among man, cohabiting and trust were identified as a protective factors of suicidal ideation. Among women, only social support was identified as a protective factor. In the older adult’s group, trust acted as a protective factor of suicide ideation among women. For man was the social support. Among younger adults, cohabiting was identified as a protective factor in man.ConclusionsDue to the different results involving social factors and suicidal ideation according to age and sex, we highlight the importance of studying social factors for the detection of specific needs among the Spanish adult population.
Manual and mechanical restraint and the hierarchy of coercive measures: Evidence or tradition?
Authors: Lynge M. , Dixen S. , Johansen K. , Düring S. , Parnas A. , Nordgaard J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn the continuous work to reduce the use of coercion in the psychiatric care, attention in Denmark has especially been directed towards mechanical restraint, i.e. the use of belts to fixate patients to a bed. While the use of mechanical restraint is currently decreasing, increases in other types of coercive acts are observed (e.g., forced medication and hourly episodes of manual restraint). The use of manual restraint refers to mental health workers immobilizing a patient to avoid harm to self or others. Manual restraint is generally considered less intrusive to a patient’s autonomy than the use of mechanical restraint. However, no study has yet explored if it is actually experienced as such by the patients.ObjectivesThis study explores patients’ perspectives on manual and mechanical restraint, respectively.MethodsWe are currently performing a qualitative interview study of 10 patients, who have been exposed to both types of coercion. The interviews will be transcribed verbatim and analysed for thematic content.ResultsWe expect to discover more nuanced perspectives of the intrusiveness of the different forms of coercion—perspectives that may challenge the assumption that one type of coercion is by default better than another. The study’s results will be presented.ConclusionsIn this study, we only look at two types of coercion. More investigation into the differentiation of patients and ideal type of coercive measure is paramount to the ambitions of a better and more humanistic psychiatric care.
Exercise Intolerance in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: VERA KATHRYN A. , MCCONVILLE MARY , GLAZOS ALINE , STOKES WILLIAM , KYBA MICHAEL , KELLER-ROSS MANDA 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Determine 1) if adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) exhibit exercise intolerance and 2) potential contributing mechanisms to exercise intolerance, specific to FSHD.

Methods
Eleven people with FSHD (47 ± 13 yr, 4 females) and 11 controls (46 ± 13 yr, 4 females) completed one visit, which included a volitional peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) cycling test. Breath-by-breath gas exchange, ventilation, and cardiovascular responses were measured at rest and during exercise. The test featured 3-min stages (speed, 65–70 rpm) with incremental increases in intensity (FSHD: 20 W per stage; control: 40–60 W per stage). Body lean mass (LM (kg, %)) was collected via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Results
V̇O2peak was 32% lower (24.5 ± 9.7 vs 36.2 ± 9.3 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.01), and wattage was 55% lower in FSHD (112.7 ± 56.1 vs 252.7 ± 67.7 W, P < 0.01). When working at a relative submaximal intensity (40% of V̇O2peak), wattage was 55% lower in FSHD (41.8 ± 30.3 vs 92.7 ± 32.6 W, P = 0.01), although ratings of perceived exertion (FSHD: 11 ± 2 vs control: 10 ± 3, P = 0.61) and dyspnea (FSHD: 3 ± 1 vs control: 3 ± 2, P = 0.78) were similar between groups. At an absolute intensity (60 W), the rating of perceived exertion was 63% higher (13 ± 3 vs 8 ± 2, P < 0.01) and dyspnea was 180% higher in FSHD (4 ± 2 vs 2 ± 2, P < 0.01). V̇O2peak was most strongly correlated with resting O2 pulse in controls (P < 0.01, r = 0.90) and percent leg LM in FSHD (P < 0.01, r = 0.88). Among FSHD participants, V̇O2peak was associated with self-reported functionality (FSHD-HI score; activity limitation: P < 0.01, r = −0.78), indicating a strong association between perceived and objective impairments.

Conclusions
Disease-driven losses of LM contribute to exercise intolerance in FSHD, as evidenced by a lower V̇O2peak and elevated symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue during submaximal exercise. Regular exercise participation may preserve LM, thus providing some protection against exercise tolerance in FSHD.
Effect of hydrothermal treatment of titanium in high concentration of AgNO3 solution on surface morphology and roughness
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso , Putra Raihan Jazmi Hares , Theodorea Citra Fragrantia , Pangesty Azizah Intan 
Published: February 2022

Development of silver (Ag) modified titanium (Ti) as an antibacterial dental implant has recently been growing. Ag demonstrated an excellent antibacterial property without the risk of bacterial resistance. Hydrothermal treatment using AgNO3 solution is one of the facile and promising methods to modify Ti surface with Ag. However, the effect of high AgNO3 concentration and the absent of a toxic reduction agent has not been clearly studied. In this study, Ti surface was hydrothermally treated in 0.01 mol/L and 0.1 mol/L AgNO3 solutions at 150oC for 24 hours. Analysis of surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis suggested the formation of non-homogenous Ag coating with a tendency to be aggregated and thicken with the increase of AgNO3 concentration. The Ag coating deposited on Ti surface were composed of mainly metallic and some oxide forms. Surface roughness of all AgNO3 treated Ti surface was comparable based on the analysis of surface roughness parameter. In conclusion, hydrothermal treatment of Ti surface in solely AgNO3 solution at high concentration produced non-homogenous Ag coating on its surface without significantly changed surface roughness. Keywords: Silver nitrate, titanium, hydrothermal, surface morphology, roughness
Current status and problems of orthopaedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar
Authors: Kasai Yuichi , Paholpak Permsak , Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Sirichativapee Winai , Oo Shwe Kyaw , Thu Si 
Published: February 2022

Background: There is no research about current experiences of orthopaedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar. Methods: A questionnaire survey was distributed among Thai and Myanmar orthopaedic residents to assess their current experiences. This study included a total of 168 participants, comprising 92 (94.8%) of 97 orthopaedic residents in Thailand, and 76 (97.4%) of 78 in Myanmar who answered the questionnaire. The survey comprised nine questions about issues such as the contents of residency training programs, current training satisfaction, and future careers. The survey was administered anonymously between October 2020 and January 2021. Results: Regarding training content, 24 residents reported being "very satisfied", 103 were "satisfied", 37 were "moderately satisfied", and four were "dissatisfied", and respondents spent a mean of 3.1 h/day reading textbooks and research papers. As for salary, five residents answered "satisfied", 46 responded "moderately satisfied", and 117 were "dissatisfied". Conclusions: Many orthopedic residents in Thailand and Myanmar were enthusiastic about and satisfied with their training. Their only problem was that the salary was low.
Efficiently Breaking the Curse of Horizon in Off-Policy Evaluation with Double Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kallus Nathan , Uehara Masatoshi 
Published: February 2022

Demystifying the Curse of Horizon in Offline Reinforcement Learning in Order to Break It Offline reinforcement learning (RL), where we evaluate and learn new policies using existing off-policy data, is crucial in applications where experimentation is challenging and simulation unreliable, such as medicine. It is also notoriously difficult because the similarity (density ratio) between observed trajectories and those generated by any new policy diminishes exponentially as the horizon grows, known as the curse of horizon, which severely limits the application of offline RL whenever horizons are moderately long or even infinite. In “Efficiently Breaking the Curse of Horizon in Off-Policy Evaluation with Double Reinforcement Learning,” Kallus and Uehara set out to understand these limits and when they can be broken. They precisely characterize the curse by deriving the semiparametric efficiency lower bounds for the policy-value estimation problem in different models. On the one hand, this shows why the curse necessarily plagues standard estimators: they work even in non-Markov models and therefore must be limited by the corresponding bound. On the other hand, greater efficiency is possible in certain Markovian models, and they give the first estimator achieving these much lower efficiency bounds in infinite-horizon Markov decision processes.
Association of stigma with mental health and quality of life among Indonesian COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Wahyuhadi Joni , Efendi Ferry , Al Farabi Makhyan Jibril , Harymawan Iman , Ariana Atika Dian , Arifin Hidayat , Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah , Levkovich Inbar 
Published: February 2022

Background and objectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors face societal stigma. The study aims to analyze the association of this stigma with the mental health and quality of life of COVID-19 survivors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we observed 547 adults who were previously documented as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) positive by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, treated in a hospital or an emergency hospital and proven to be SARS-CoV-2 negative by their latest PCR test. We adopted the Berger HIV Stigma Scale to measure stigma; the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form to measure quality of life; and the Mental Health Inventory-38 to measure mental health. The chi-square and binary logistic regression tests were used to find the correlation between the variables.ResultsThe multivariate analysis revealed that medium stigma was more likely related to quality of life and mental health than low stigma. Females were less likely to experience stigma related to mental health than men, and respondents who worked as laborers and entrepreneurs were less likely to experience stigma related to mental health than those who worked as civil workers/army personnel/teachers/lecturers. COVID-19 survivors experienced medium stigma in society and lower quality of life and mental health status. We found that quality of life and mental health were affected by stigma, sex, and occupation.ConclusionCOVID-19 survivors are a vulnerable group that is most at risk when they return to their communities. Creating a safe environment and providing respectful care, including addressing complex stigma factors, is vital for developing appropriate interventions.