bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels
Authors: Giarola Joseane M. , Avila Julian A. , Cintho Osvaldo M. , Pinto Haroldo C. , de Oliveira Marcelo F. , Bose Filho Waldek W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrogen embrittlement (HE) leads to severe steel degradation of mechanical properties. The hydrogen atoms diffuse into the steel and get positioned into reversible and irreversible trap sites. The pipe to transport oil and gas needs to be welded to construct long‐distance pipeline projects; thus, friction‐stir welding (FSW) has proven an excellent alternative to joining these pipelines. Therefore, this work assessed and analyzed the influence of hydrogen on the microstructure and fracture toughness of API 5L X70 steel welded by friction‐stir welding. The in‐service conditions were simulated by charging the specimen electrolytically in a 3.5% NaCl water solution with an intensity current of 2 mA·cm−2. According to fracture toughness tests, the base metal (BM) was more affected by hydrogen embrittlement than the friction‐stir zone (SZ), with a fracture toughness reduction of 20% after hydrogen charging. The SZ fracture toughness did not statistically show changes in hydrogen charging by the used times; however, the fracture mechanism changed from ductile to brittle‐like after 4 days of charging. The SZ depicted a better fracture toughness than BM due to the bainitic microstructure, a significant amount of irreversible hydrogen trapping.
pRB immunostaining in the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and glioblastoma with giant cells
Authors: Barresi Valeria , Simbolo Michele , Ciaparrone Chiara , Pedron Serena , Mafficini Andrea , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: August 2022

AimsPleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare circumscribed glioma, characterized by frequent BRAF p. V600E mutation, and classified as grade 2 or 3. Owing to overlapping clinical–pathological features, the histological distinction from glioblastoma (GBM) with giant cells (GCs) is challenging. Based on the high frequency of TP53 and RB1 alterations in the latter, this study aimed to assess the value of BRAF, p53, and pRB immunostainings in the differential diagnosis.Methods and resultsIn 37 GBMs with ≥30% GCs and in eight PXAs, we assessed the alterations of 409 cancer‐related genes and immunostainings for BRAF, p53, and pRB. GBMs with GCs were TP53‐mutated in 30 cases, RB1‐altered in 11, and BRAF‐mutated in none. PXAs were BRAF‐mutated in six cases, TP53‐mutated in three, and RB1‐altered in none. pRb immunostaining was lost in 25 GBMs (11 RB1‐altered and 14 RB1‐unaltered), retained in all PXAs and six GBMs, and inconclusive in six GBMs. pRb loss had 100% specificity and 80.6% sensitivity for GBM with GCs. P53 immunostaining was observed in 22 TP53‐mutated GBMs and in one TP53‐mutated PXA. It showed 87.5% specificity and 60% sensitivity to identify GBM with GCs. BRAF immunostaining corresponded to BRAF mutation status and it had 100% specificity and 75% sensitivity for detecting PXA.ConclusionThis study shows for the first time that loss of pRB immunostaining is sensitive and specific for distinguishing GBM with GCs from PXA in routine practice. Thus, it could complement an immunohistochemical panel that includes BRAF and p53 immunostainings for the differential diagnosis.
Impact of workplace violence on South Korean nurses' turnover intention: Mediating and moderating roles of depressive symptoms
Authors: Pang Yanghee , Dan Hyunju , Jeong Hyunseon , Kim Oksoo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo identify the mediating and moderating roles of depressive symptoms in the relationship between workplace violence and nurses' turnover intention in South Korea.BackgroundWorkplace violence and depressive symptoms are known to influence turnover intentionsof employees.IntroductionAmong healthcare workers, nurses may be at the greatest risk of exposure to workplace violence because they have frequent contact with patients and families of patients. Depressive symptoms reported to be related to workplace violence are one set of factors affecting turnover intention.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was designed and employed to investigate mediation and moderation roles of depressive symptoms between workplace violence and turnover intention.ResultsVerbal violence and sexual harassment increased depressive symptoms, which in turn increased turnover intentions in a sample of Korean nurses. Depressive symptoms showed partial mediation effects between verbal violence and sexual harassment and turnover intention. Depressive symptoms showed moderating effects on sexual harassment and turnover intention.DiscussionIt is necessary to reduce turnover intention not only by preventing violence but also by managing depressive symptoms in nurses who have experienced verbal violence and sexual harassment.ConclusionDepressive symptoms were shown to have a mediating and moderation roles on the relationship between WPV and turnover intention.Implications for nursing and health policyHospital managers such as hospital and nursing directors should provide effective policies to prevent verbal violence and sexual harassment to reduce turnover intention in the workplace. It is needed to educate patients and patient caregivers about the importance of preventing violence against nurses. Policies should be established to provide regular check‐ups for depressive symptoms and psychological support for nurses who have experienced WPV.
Femtosecond laser induced amorphization of quantum dots and application in three‐dimensional optical data storage
Authors: Sun Shengzhi , Wang Chao , Yan Chaoyue , Song Juan , Man Tao , Feng Wenju , Wang Huafeng , Qian Bin , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe information burst in modern society poses new challenges to information preservation technology, both in storage efficiency, capacity, and security. Multi‐dimensional optical data storage based on the femtosecond laser direct writing technique is a promising way to face these challenges. Herein, a new optical storage method based on femtosecond laser‐induced local darkening of CdSe quantum dots doped glass is reported. Photoluminescence image and spectrum indicate that highly luminescent well‐crystallized CdSe quantum dots can be amorphized by a single femtosecond laser pulse and reconstructed by thermal treatment, resulting in reversible luminescence modulation, in which the luminous efficacy of CdSe quantum dots in glass matrix was well recovered after each cycle of writing and erasing. Complicated patterns written inside the glass and multi‐layer information are also successfully inscribed and well demonstrated. Data bit could be written by just one 380 fs single pulse with pulse energy as low as 100 nJ. The present work provides a potential way for three‐dimensional optical information storage and data encryption with low power consumption, fast writing speed, large capacity, and high security.
A new optical temperature sensor based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of Mn2+ and Mn4+
Authors: Shi Lin‐Ying , Zhao Dan , Zhang Rui‐Juan , Yao Qing‐Xia , Liu Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the course of preparing Mn‐doped phosphors, the mix‐valence state of Mnn+ ions may be obtained with associated interesting properties. This work prepared a new phosphor Ba3MgSb2O9:Mn (BMS:Mn) by a traditional high‐temperature solid‐state synthesis method. In this structure, Mnn+ can replace Mg2+ site as Mn2+ oxidation state or Sb5+ site as Mn4+. Moreover, the emitting bands of Mn2+ and Mn4+ at around 596 and 758 nm are simultaneously observed by using 350 nm as exciting wavelength. Interestingly, the temperature‐dependent emitting intensities corresponding to Mn2+ and Mn4+ are different at temperatures from 10 to 300 K. With increasing temperature, the intensity of Mn2+ luminescence has some enhancement at 10–200 K and then decreases gradually, whereas Mn4+ luminescence goes into rapid decline. By using this character, BMS:0.01Mn can be used as an optical temperature sensor at 10–300 K based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of Mn2+ and Mn4+. The maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) at 125 K is as high as 1.51% K−1.
Natamycin as a safe food additive to control postharvest green mould and sour rot in citrus
Authors: Du Yujie , Li Yajuan , Tian Zhonghuan , Cheng Yunjiang , Long Chao-an 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
The purpose of this study was to explore the potential inhibitory mechanism and assess the feasibility of natamycin as an antifungal agent in the utilization of citrus storage.

Methods and Results
In this study, the mycelial growth, spore germination as well as germ tube elongations of Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Penicillium digitatum were significantly inhibited by natamycin treatment. The relative conductivities of G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum mycelia were increased as time went by and the damages of plasma membranes were up to 17.43% and 28.61%. The mitochondria abnormalities and vacuolation were also observed in the TEM. Moreover, the sour rot and green mould decay incidences were reduced to 18.33% and 10% post incubation with G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum under 300 mg L−1 natamycin application, respectively. For the citrus storage experiment, there was no significant difference in edible rate, juice yield, total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acid (TA) and decay incidences of the ‘Newhall’ navel orange fruit treated with 300 mg L−1 natamycin stored for 90 d.

Conclusions
Natamycin could decrease the expansions of green mould and sour rot and maintain quality and improve storability on citrus fruit.

Significance and Impact of the study
This work explores the potential inhibition mechanism of natamycin G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum and assesses the feasibility of natamycin as an antifungal agent in the utilization of citrus storage.
Effect of periodontal treatment on glycated haemoglobin and metabolic syndrome parameters: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Milanesi Fernanda C. , Greggianin Bruna F. , dos Santos Gabriela O. , Toniazzo Mirian P. , Weidlich Patricia , Gerchman Fernando , Oppermann Rui V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of periodontal treatment on HbA1c and diagnostic parameters of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Materials and MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight patients with MetS and moderate and severe periodontitis were included. They were randomized into a test group (n = 79), which received non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and a control group (n = 79), which received no treatment. Medical treatment was delivered to both groups. Clinical periodontal, anthropometric and serological parameters were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The main outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the secondary outcomes were changes in the MetS parameters, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and HOMA indexes.ResultsSignificant reductions in all periodontal parameters were observed in the test group, compared with the control group, at 3 and 6 months (p < .001). HbA1c levels, MetS parameters, CRP and HOMA indexes showed no significant differences between the test group and the control group at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionsPeriodontal treatment led to a substantial reduction in periodontal inflammation, although there was no significant effect on the parameters used for MetS diagnosis in patients with early diagnosed and well‐controlled MetS.
Quantifying teleost discards in the shark fisheries of Western Australia
Authors: Braccini Matias , Bartes Saia , Coulson Peter G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantifying discards is essential for assessing the impact of fisheries on non‐target species and the ecosystems in which these fisheries operate. In Western Australia (WA), fishers are required only to report catches of retained species. For the currently operating shark fisheries of WA, the authors quantified catch time series of discarded teleosts using data from at‐sea observers collected since 1993. Sixty‐two teleost species were observed in the catch of which 20 were routinely discarded. The most commonly discarded teleosts were western buffalo bream/silver drummer, Kyphosus cornelii/K. sydneyanus, and dusky morwong, Dactylophora nigricans. Annual discards peaked in the 1990s; nonetheless, current discard levels, 36.9 ± 2.1 (S.E.) t year−1, are much lower than the overall annual retained catches (c. 1000 t year−1). The catch time series reconstructed in this study are important inputs for assessing the ecosystem‐based approach used for managing WA's shark fisheries.
Peri‐procedural code status for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Absence of program policies and standard practices
Authors: Bernacki Gwen M. , Starks Helene , Krishnaswami Ashok , Steiner Jill M. , Allen Matthew B. , Batchelor Wayne B. , Yang Eugene , Wyman Janet , Kirkpatrick James N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about policies and practices for patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) who have a documented preference for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) status at time of referral. We investigated how practices across TAVR programs align with goals of care for patients presenting with DNR status.MethodsBetween June and September 2019, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with TAVR coordinators from 52/73 invited programs (71%) in Washington and California (TAVR volume > 100/year:34%; 50–99:36%; 1–50:30%); 2 programs reported no TAVR in 2018. TAVR coordinators described peri‐procedural code status policies and practices and how they accommodate patients' goals of care. We used data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry, stratified by programs' DNR practice, to examine differences in program size, patient characteristics and risk status, and outcomes.ResultsNearly all TAVR programs (48/50: 96%) addressed peri‐procedural code status, yet only 26% had established policies. Temporarily rescinding DNR status until after TAVR was the norm (78%), yet time frames for reinstatement varied (38% <48 h post‐TAVR; 44% 48 h‐to‐discharge; 18% >30 days post‐discharge). For patients with fluctuating code status, no routine practices for discharge documentation were well‐described. No clinically substantial differences by code status practice were noted in Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality risk score, peri‐procedural or in‐hospital cardiac arrest, or hospice disposition. Six programs maintaining DNR status recognized TAVR as a palliative procedure. Among programs categorically reversing patients' DNR status, the rationale for differing lengths of time to reinstatement reflect divergent views on accountability and reporting requirements.ConclusionsMarked heterogeneity exists in management of peri‐procedural code status across TAVR programs, including timeframe for reestablishing DNR status post‐procedure. These findings call for standardization of DNR decisions at specific care points (before/during/after TAVR) to ensure consistent alignment with patients' health‐related goals and values.
Advocacy and policy in action: Developing a financial and healthcare safety net for nurses
Authors: Brennan Noreen B. , Gallagher Mary Anne , Elliott Deborah , Michela Nancy , Sellers Kathleen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has opened a dialogue regarding advocacy and policy changes that need to occur at the federal, state, and local levels to ensure provisions for the financial and healthcare well‐being of nurses. Often nurses struggle as the “breadwinners” in their families caring for multiple generations, thus leading them to live paycheck to paycheck.DesignA review of current and proposed policy changes. The pandemic demonstrated clearly through governmental executive orders that laws and regulations could be changed more rapidly than the traditional routes, illustrating an ability to enact change in nursing practice. At the federal level, provisions are not made to ensure that nurses who risk their lives during pandemic times are adequately compensated monetarily and through extended healthcare benefits, often provided for police, fire, and other emergency personnel.Results/ConclusionsSuggestions for new policy and advocacy agendas are proposed based on the gap in coverage noted during and after this pandemic.Clinical RelevanceCOVID‐19 has brought to the forefront gaps in the financial and healthcare safety nets for nurses in the United States. Opportunities exist to inform via advocacy and policy reform at the federal, state, and local governmental agencies regarding the need for extended financial and healthcare provisions for nurses.
Enhanced anti‐wrinkle activity of adlay bran fermented with Lactobacillus brevis MJM60390
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thi , Choi Yun‐Hyeok , Choi Chun Whan , Suh Joo‐Won , Cheng Jinhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to screen the lactic acid bacteria for fermentation of adlay bran and evaluate the anti‐wrinkle effect of fermented and non‐fermented adlay bran.MethodsAdlay bran was fermented with candidate LAB and extracted with 70% ethanol. The extracts from LAB‐fermented adlay bran and non‐fermented adlay bran were evaluated for the anti‐wrinkle effects by measuring the hyaluronan, collagen, and elastin production in cells using ELISA kit. The molecular anti‐wrinkle mechanism was investigated by RT‐qPCR. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content were also determined.ResultsAmong the tested LAB, Lactobacillus brevis MJM60390 was selected for the highest glycosidase activity. Both extracts from adlay bran (NFAB) and L. brevis MJM60390‐fermented adlay bran (LBFAB) showed anti‐wrinkle effect, and LBFAB showed higher activity. Compared with control, hyaluronan production was increased by 24.73% and 59.38%, collagen production was increased by −13.08% and 34.19%, and the elastin production was increased by 29.78% and 53.73% by NFAB and LBFAB treatment, respectively. Investigation on the mRNA expression showed that LBFAB upregulated the expression of Has 2 and Has 3 and downregulate HYAL1 and HYAL2. LBFAB also upregulated the mRNA expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, ELN and inhibited the expression of collagenase and elastase. However, not all of these genes were regulated by NFAB. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was significantly increased after fermentation, and the content of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds also increased in the LBFAB.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated that fermentation of adlay bran with L. brevis MJM60390 enhanced the anti‐wrinkle activity through increasing the hyaluronan synthesis in keratinocytes and improving collagen and elastin production in dermal fibroblasts.
To explore the potential molecular mechanism of complex rose–bergamot essential oil on anti‐anxiety with facial spots based on network pharmacology
Authors: Xin Jin , Xu Xu , Qiaoling Ding , Liping Liu , Kunqin Ma , Yiping Zhang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of complex rose–bergamot essential oil against anxiety accompanied with facial spots through network pharmacology.MethodsThe components of rose and bergamot essential oils were determined by GC–MS and obtained from literature, and their action targets were predicted by PubChem, SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Using “Anxiety disorder” and “Facial pigmentation” as keywords, the relevant targets of anxiety disorder and facial spots were mined in the databases of DrugBank, TTD, GeneCards, and OMIM. The intersection targets of complex rose–bergamot essential oil and anxiety accompanied with facial spots diseases were obtained by making Venn diagram, respectively. Protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of intersection targets were carried out through STRING platform, Metascape, and KEGG Mapper databases. The “complex essential oil‐ component‐ target‐ pathway” network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The key active compounds and core targets were docked by AutoDock software.ResultsA total of 34 active components of complex rose–bergamot essential oil and 405 corresponding targets were obtained. The intersection targets of complex essential oil with anxiety disorder and facial spot were 88 and 34, respectively, and the related KEGG pathways were 137 and 123 items, respectively. Neroli acetate, Neroli alcohol, and Linalool in complex rose–bergamot essential oil could play a therapeutic role in anxiety disorder by regulating key targets such as SLC6A4, GRIN2B and DRD2 to participate in the neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction and serotonergic synapse and other pathways, they also could play a role in the treatment of facial spots by regulating key targets such as EGFR, VEGFA, and PIK3CA in the PI3K‐AKT, JAK–STAT and other signal pathways. The molecular docking between the key compounds and the core targets showed that the binding energy was less than 0 kcal /mol, indicating that the compound and the target could bind stably.ConclusionComplex rose–bergamot essential oil can play a role in the treatment of anxiety disorder with facial spots through the synergistic mechanism of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway.
Do time preferences explain low health insurance take‐up?
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , O'Donnell Owen , Quimbo Stella , van Wilgenburg Kim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow insurance take‐up in low‐income populations is not easily explained by the standard single‐period expected utility model of insurance that overlooks the relevance of time preference when liquidity is constrained. We design field survey instruments to elicit quasi‐hyperbolic time preferences, as well as prospect theory risk preferences, and use them to examine whether time preferences explain health insurance behavior of low‐income Filipinos. Consistent with theory, those with stronger parameterized time preference are less likely to insure and the partial association is most pronounced at low wealth where liquidity is most likely to be constrained. Among those with better understanding of insurance, lower take‐up is also associated with present bias. We do not find that insurance is significantly associated with risk preferences.
The night before night shift: Chronotype impacts total sleep and rapid eye movement sleep during a strategically delayed sleep
Authors: Reiter Andrew M. , Roach Gregory D. , Sargent Charli 
Published: August 2022

SummaryTransition to night shift may be improved by strategically delaying the main sleep preceding a first night shift. However, the effects of delayed timing on sleep may differ between chronotypes. Therefore, the study aim was to compare the impacts of chronotype on sleep quality and architecture during a normally timed sleep opportunity and a delayed sleep opportunity. Seventy‐two (36 female, 36 male) healthy adults participated in a laboratory study. Participants were provided with a normally timed sleep opportunity (23:00–08:00) and a delayed sleep opportunity (03:00–12:00) over two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. Sleep was monitored by polysomnography (PSG), and chronotype was determined from dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). A tertile split of DLMO defined early (20:24 ± 0:42 h), intermediate (21:31 ± 0:12 h), and late chronotype (22:56 ± 0:54 h) categories. Although there was no main effect of chronotype on any sleep measure, early chronotypes obtained less total sleep with delayed sleep than with normally timed sleep (p = 0.044). Intermediate and late chronotypes obtained more rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with delayed sleep than with normally timed sleep (p = 0.013, p = 0.012 respectively). Wake was more elevated for all chronotypes in the later hours of the delayed sleep opportunity than at the start of the sleep opportunity. Strategically delaying the main sleep preceding a first night shift appears to benefit intermediate and late chronotypes (i.e., more REM sleep), but not early chronotypes (i.e., less total sleep). Circadian processes appear to elevate wakefulness for all chronotypes in the later stages of a delayed sleep opportunity.