bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Problems of the Retail Price Ceiling II. Problems of the Retailer
Authors: Heywood P. K. 
Published: October 2022

The subject allotted to me was “Retail Business Under the Price Ceiling,” which I propose to deal with under three general headings: (1) some of the immediate problems that arose; (2) the effects of this legislation to date; (3) some problems we see ahead.Let us keep in mind that price ceiling legislation is only one of several methods that the government is using to avoid inflation, and that all are interdependent to some degree. Constantly increasing taxation in all its forms, and borrowing, in war savings stamps, certificates, and bonds, is siphoning off some of the excess spending power. Industrial rationing and priorities have been in effect for some time. Subsidies to agriculture, importers, and primary producers are now being paid. But there are already grave doubts if even all of these controls are enough. Forced savings, direct rationing to consumers, and many other controls may be just around the corner.It is well to remember, too, that price ceiling legislation is even now less than six months old. It is still in the heat of a distilling process. The outbreak of war in the East and the tremendous loss of supply occasioned thereby was, and still is, a severe jolt. That it has withstood this shock so well up to date is at least encouraging. That the United States has adopted the Canadian plan with very few changes is evidence that they consider our controls effective so far and had no better ideas to offer. It seems reasonable to expect that both countries working on the same plan will relieve some of our difficulties, and our services as the guinea pig of experimentation should be of some assistance to them. In any comparisons, however, that may be made between the two countries, it must be remembered that the United States's spiral of prices was much more rapid than ours and continued for a longer period. Their ceiling prices are, therefore, on a generally higher level in most commodities.
Evaluating SLIM-based human error probability for ECDIS cybersecurity in maritime
Authors: Kayisoglu Gizem , Bolat Pelin , Tam Kimberly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is an undeniable recognition that maritime cybersecurity risk management should involve process, technology, and people. However, thus far, most studies have focused on the technical and process aspects of maritime cybersecurity, more than on the human element. On a vessel, the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is, amongst all the electronic devices on the bridge, a complex and indispensable maritime sociotechnical system that must consider both technical and human aspects. In the context of maritime cyber resilience, it is important to note that when developing strategies for maritime cybersecurity, one cannot only consider technical security measures and ignore human error, as this does not adhere to good cybersecurity practice. To address this, this study aims to identify the navigating officers’ responsibilities for ECDIS cybersecurity and find the human error probabilities during these tasks via the SLIM-based human reliability analysis method. The outputs of this study provide an insight for industrial policies and best practices, in ECDIS cybersecurity risk management in terms of the behavioural and cultural aspects of shipping.
Comment on “The PC Index Variations During 23/24 Solar Cycles: Relation to Solar Wind Parameters and Magnetic Disturbances” by Troschichev et al.
Authors: Stauning Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExamination of the contribution from O. A. Troshichev, S. Dolgacheva, N. A. Stepanov, and D. A. Sormakov: “The PC index variations during 23/24 solar cycles: relation to solar wind parameters and magnetic disturbances,” https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028491 has disclosed inconsistencies in the applied methods and errors in the calculated values. Some of the discrepancies reported in the present commentary affect directly the illustrations presented in their contribution while other possible errors may not be apparent since the use of relative values in their presentation makes thorough assessments difficult.
A Generative Deep Learning Approach to Stochastic Downscaling of Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Harris Lucy , McRae Andrew T. T. , Chantry Matthew , Dueben Peter D. , Palmer Tim N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite continuous improvements, precipitation forecasts are still not as accurate and reliable as those of other meteorological variables. A major contributing factor to this is that several key processes affecting precipitation distribution and intensity occur below the resolved scale of global weather models. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been demonstrated by the computer vision community to be successful at super‐resolution problems, that is, learning to add fine‐scale structure to coarse images. Leinonen et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2020.3032790) previously applied a GAN to produce ensembles of reconstructed high‐resolution atmospheric fields, given coarsened input data. In this paper, we demonstrate this approach can be extended to the more challenging problem of increasing the accuracy and resolution of comparatively low‐resolution input from a weather forecasting model, using high‐resolution radar measurements as a “ground truth.” The neural network must learn to add resolution and structure whilst accounting for non‐negligible forecast error. We show that GANs and VAE‐GANs can match the statistical properties of state‐of‐the‐art pointwise post‐processing methods whilst creating high‐resolution, spatially coherent precipitation maps. Our model compares favorably to the best existing downscaling methods in both pixel‐wise and pooled CRPS scores, power spectrum information and rank histograms (used to assess calibration). We test our models and show that they perform in a range of scenarios, including heavy rainfall.
Photon-counting statistics-based support vector machine with multi-mode photon illumination for quantum imaging
Authors: Kim Jin-Woo , Cho Jeong-Sik , Sacarelo Christian , Fitri Nur Duwi Fat , Hwang Ju-Seong , Rhee June-Koo Kevin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a photon-counting-statistics-based imaging process for quantum imaging where background photon noise can be distinguished and eliminated by photon mode estimation from the multi-mode Bose–Einstein distribution. Photon-counting statistics show multi-mode behavior in a practical, low-cost single-photon-level quantum imaging system with a short coherence time and a long measurement time interval. Different mode numbers in photon-counting probability distributions from single-photon illumination and background photon noise can be classified by a machine learning technique such as a support vector machine (SVM). The proposed photon-counting statistics-based support vector machine (PSSVM) learns the difference in the photon-counting distribution of each pixel to distinguish between photons from the source and the background photon noise to improve the image quality. We demonstrated quantum imaging of a binary-image object with photon illumination from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) source. The experiment results show that the PSSVM applied quantum image improves a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gain of 2.89dB and a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) gain of 27.7% compared to the conventional direct single-photon imaging.
The elevation of different myocardial biomarkers on admission is associated with disease features and different outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Cai Chengzhi , Fei Jiang , Luo Song , You Chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTest of different myocardial biomarkers is commonly arranged in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We sought to figure out whether different myocardial biomarkers' elevation is related to characteristics of ruptured aneurysms and patients' clinical outcomes. Patients with aSAH admitted in the Neurosurgery Department of West China Hospital from September 2019 to March 2020 were screened. Those who have one clear responsible aneurysm and met inclusion criteria were included. Clinical characteristics, site and size of the aneurysm, modified Fisher scale, troponin T (TPN-T), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin (Myo) levels at admission, clinical outcomes (3-month mRS) were collected and compared. The study included 124 patients. After multivariate logistic regression, Hunt & Hess grade (per unit grade, OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.49), the size of ruptured aneurysm (equal to or more than 7 mm, OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.32–7.10) was highly predictive of myocardial biomarker elevation. All three biomarkers (TPN-T, CK-MB, Myo) were associated with unfavorable prognoses. Higher mortality (37.2% vs. 18.6%, P = 0.036) and a lower rate of good outcomes (41.9% vs. 71.2%, P = 0.003) were observed in patients with any positive myocardial biomarkers at admission. The clinical outcomes of patients with positive troponin T and negative creatine kinase MB were especially unfavorable. Our study demonstrates that the degree of neurological injury and size of ruptured aneurysm are strong predictors of myocardial biomarkers elevation, the site of ruptured aneurysm may not be associated with heart injury after SAH. The outcomes of patients with different combinations of abnormal biomarker levels may have significant differences and deserve further study.
Influence of Huangqin Decoction on the immune function and fecal microbiome of chicks after experimental infection with Escherichia coli O78
Authors: Wang Junyan , Li Rui , Zhang Minai , Gu Chensheng , Wang Haili , Feng Jianjian , Bao Linjie , Wu Yihe , Chen Shuming , Zhang Xichun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuangqin Decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula from the Shang Han Lun written by Zhang Zhongjing, has been used in China for nearly two thousand years. According to the traditional Chinese medicine and previous literature, HQD has the effect of clearing heat, removing toxins, relieving diarrhea and pain. Therefore, HQD was used to prevent or cure many diseases, such as inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, and other acute or chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The effect of HQD, one-herb-absent HQD treatments and enrofloxacin (ENR) on the average daily gain (ADG), mortality rates, visceral index and toll-like receptors (TLRs), inflammatory factors and intestinal microflora in E. coli O78-inoculated chicks were investigated. HQD supplementation increased ADG and reduced the mortality rates caused by E. coli challenge, decreased the heart, liver, bursa of Fabricius (BF) and spleen index. HQD supplementation decreased the serum lysozyme (LZM), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 level, down-regulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, -5 and -15 in the spleen by E. coli challenged chicks, and up-regulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, -5 and -15 in BF. At the phylum level, HQD supplementation reversed the increase of Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs), decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Proteobacteria, increased the relative abundance of probiotic bacteria Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. At the genus level, HQD decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudomonas. It means that HQD treatment reversed the change of the gut microbiota structure. Compared with HQD, HQD-DZ and HQD-HQ increased the mortality rates. HQD-HQ decreased the ADG and liver index. HQD-GC decreased the spleen index. All herb-absent increased the serum IL-6, but only the HQD-HQ and HQD-SY increased the serum TNF-α. All herb-absent did not activate the TLRs signaling pathways in spleen and BF of chicks. The harmful bacteria Escherichia-Shigella were increased in HQD-HQ and HQD-DZ treatments. HQD-DZ treatment also increased the level of Proteobacteria. The results showed that dietary supplementation with HQD, by down-regulating the mRNA expression of TLR4, -5 and -15 in the spleen, further decreasing the serum LZM and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 level, improves the immune function and reverses the change of fecal microbiome in chicks challenged with E. coli. In herb-absent supplementation, the results showed that SY and DZ play a key role in reducing the levels of inflammatory factors and keeping fecal microbiome balance respectively. More importantly, HQ is indispensable in HQD, not only play a key role in reducing the level of inflammatory factors, but also in keeping the balance of fecal microflora.
Simultaneous determination of cis- and trans-palmitoleic acid in rat serum by UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Huang Wenwen , Zhang Yiping , Zhong Liping , Sun Chunlong , Zhang Zaiwang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPalmitoleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid which could affect glucose and lipid metabolism and reduce insulin resistance has two isomers, i.e. cis-palmitoleic acid (cPOA) and trans-palmitoleic acid (tPOA). However, the pharmacokinetic, metabolic transformation and structure–activity relationship of the two isomers have not been reported. A precise and accurate ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed to determine cPOA and tPOA simultaneously. Both the cPOA and tPOA were administered i.g. (intragastric gavage) to rats at 75 mg/kg. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for the two isomers by UPLC–MS/MS on a reverse-phase BDS C18 column equilibrated and eluted with water (A) and acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The calibration curves for cPOA and tPOA were linear over the range 0.1–12 μg/mL. Analytes were monitored by selected-reaction monitoring in negative electrospray ionization mode. The Tmax of cPOA was 0.94 ± 0.44 h and the Cmax 8.17 ± 1.97 μg/L, and the Tmax and Cmax of tPOA were 1.50 ± 0.98 h and 14.77 ± 11.91 μg/L, respectively. AUC0–24 h of cPOA and tPOA were 59.45 ± 29.83 and 113.88 ± 72.25 mg/L·h. The method was applied in pharmacokinetic study of cPOA and tPOA in rat serum successfully. Besides, the concentrations of cPOA and tPOA in rat serums were observed fluctuating with a consistent trend, which may be due to reciprocal bio-convert in the body.
Association between class of foundational medication for heart failure and prognosis in heart failure with reduced/mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Ito Miyuki , Maeda Daichi , Matsue Yuya , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Dotare Taishi , Sunayama Tsutomu , Nogi Kazutaka , Takei Makoto , Ueda Tomoya , Nogi Maki , Ishihara Satomi , Nakada Yasuki , Kawakami Rika , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Kitai Takeshi , Oishi Shogo , Akiyama Eiichi , Suzuki Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Kida Keisuke , Okumura Takahiro , Nagatomo Yuji , Kohno Takashi , Nakano Shintaro , Kohsaka Shun , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Saito Yoshihiko , Minamino Tohru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe clarified the association between changes in the number of foundational medications for heart failure (FMHF) during hospitalization for worsening heart failure (HF) and post-discharge prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed a combined dataset from three large-scale registries of hospitalized patients with HF in Japan (NARA-HF, WET-HF, and REALITY-AHF) and patients diagnosed with HF with reduced or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFr/mrEF) before admission. Patients were stratified by changes in the number of prescribed FMHF classes from admission to discharge: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers. Primary endpoint was the combined endpoint of HF rehospitalization and all-cause death within 1 year of discharge. The cohort comprised 1113 patients, and 482 combined endpoints were observed. Overall, FMHF prescriptions increased in 413 (37.1%) patients (increased group), remained unchanged in 607 (54.5%) (unchanged group), and decreased in 93 (8.4%) (decreased group) at discharge compared with that during admission. In the multivariable analysis, the increased group had a significantly lower incidence of the primary endpoint than the unchanged group (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.60; P < 0.001). In conclusion, increase in FMHF classes during HF hospitalization is associated with a better prognosis in patients with HFr/mrEF.
High quality monocular depth estimation with parallel decoder
Authors: Liu Jiatao , Zhang Yaping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonocular depth estimation aims to recover the depth information in three-dimensional (3D) space from a single image efficiently, but it is an ill-posed problem. Recently, Transformer-based architectures have achieved excellent accuracy in monocular depth estimation. However, due to the characteristics of Transformer, the model parameters are huge and the inference speed is slow. In traditional convolutional neural network–based architectures, many encoder-decoders perform serial fusion of the multi-scale features of each stage of the encoder and then output predictions. However, in these approaches it may be difficult to recover the spatial information lost by the encoder during pooling and convolution. To enhance this serial structure, we propose a structure from the decoder perspective, which first predicts global and local depth information in parallel and then fuses them. Results show that this structure is an effective improvement over traditional methods and has accuracy comparable with that of state-of-the-art methods in both indoor and outdoor scenes, but with fewer parameters and computations. Moreover, results of ablation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed decoder.
Effects of tiotropium on the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with COPD: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Shin Jiyoung , Lee Jin Hwa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) is recommended for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is still concern that LAMA may cause cardiovascular adverse events in COPD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the administration of tiotropium, the first commercially available LAMA, could increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in COPD patients through a nationwide cohort study. We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database between 2002 and 2014 for the analysis. We applied a washout period of COPD diagnosis during 2002–2003 and excluded the patients who used an inhaler before the diagnosis of COPD. We also excluded patients who were diagnosed with CHD before inhaler use. Among a total of 5787 COPD patients, 1074 patients were diagnosed with CHD. In the Cox regression models with time-dependent tiotropium usage, we found that tiotropium significantly increased the risk of CHD in a subgroup of age $$\ge \hspace{0.17em}$$

≥

55 years compared to non-users of tiotropium (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003–1.54). When analyzed by dividing into tertiles (high/middle/low) according to the cumulative tiotropium exposure, the high tertile exposure group of tiotropium was associated with a higher risk of CHD compared with the low tertile exposure group of tiotropium. Additionally, the risk of CHD was higher in the high tertile exposure group of tiotropium in the age 55 and older group and in the never smoker group. When prescribing tiotropium for COPD patients, particularly those over 55 years of age and never-smokers, it is desirable to evaluate the risk of CHD in advance and closely follow-up for CHD occurrence.
Electrophysiological correlates of masked orthographic and phonological priming in Chinese–English bilinguals
Authors: Zhang Er-Hu , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Xin-Dong , Li Defeng , Cao Hong-Wen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtensive behavioral and electrophysiological evidence has demonstrated that native translations are automatically activated when bilinguals read non-native words. The present study investigated the impact of cross-language orthography and phonology on Chinese–English bilingual lexicons with a masked priming paradigm. The masked primes and targets were either translation equivalents (TE), orthographically related through translation (OR), phonologically related through translation (PR), or unrelated control (UC). Participants retained the targets in memory and decided whether the delayed catch words matched the targets. ERP data showed significant masked translation priming effects, as reflected by decreased ERP amplitudes in the TE condition in the 300–600 ms time window from frontal to parietal electrode clusters. Importantly, compared with the UC condition, the PR rather than OR condition elicited less negative ERP waveforms in the 300–500 ms time window with a frontal distribution. Taken together, these temporal and spatial dynamics suggested an automatic cross-language co-activation at the phonological and semantic levels for different-script bilinguals.
NF-kappa B expression in resected specimen of colonic cancer is higher compared to its expression in inflammatory bowel diseases and polyps
Authors: Berkovich Liron , Gerber Mirit , Katzav Aviva , Kidron Debora , Avital Shmuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNF-Kappa B has a significant role in inflammatory processes as well as in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of NF-kappa B in colonic adenocarcinoma specimen, colonic adenomas and inflammatory colonic tissues. Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), colonic adenomas and inflammatory processes undergoing surgery were recruited. Following a routine pathological evaluation tissue samples were stained using anti NF-κB monoclonal antibodies. Expression of NF-κB was quantified using IMAGEJ program for immunohistochemistry staining. Samples were also stained and quantified for CEA expression. Fifty-six patients were included. 30 cancers, 6 polyps and 20 inflammatory processes. Expression of NF-κB was similar between polypoid and inflammation etiologies. However, it was significantly higher in CRC compared to both (p < 0.05). In cancer patients, NF-κB expression in the resection margins was correlated with positive node status. CEA expression was higher in the cancer group, less in the IBD group and the lowest in the colonic non diseased margins. Our results provide a supportive evidence that NF-κB pathway is strongly involved in colon cancer development and metastasis. Interestingly, expression of NF-κB in benign polypoid lesions was as high as in inflammatory etiologies. This support the role of NF-κB early in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. Further research is needed to evaluate the exact role of NF-κB in tumor progression in order to look for diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.