bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the Microstructure, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Al Matrix Reinforced with Bi-Modal Particles Coated with Either Ni or Cu
Authors: Fadel Ghada , Mohamed Lamiaa Z. , Elkady Omayma A. , Elhabak Aiea A. , Adly Mahmoud A. , Abolkassem Shimaa A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPowder metallurgy was used to fabricate Al/(SiC-Y2O3)/Ag/Cu or Ni nanocomposite. The ratio of SiC to Y2O3 was 50:50. SiC-Y2O3 particles were coated with 10 wt% nano-Ag, followed by coating with another layer of 10% nano-Ni or nano-Cu by an electroless chemical deposition technique. All samples were compacted by a uniaxial press under 480 MPa and then sintered in a vacuum furnace at 600 °C for 1 h holding time. Coated samples with nano-Cu have the highest densification values. The microstructure of nano-Cu-coated composites is more homogenous than nano-Ni ones. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicated the presence of Al peaks as a major phase, and Al3NiSi and AlCu intermetallics are detected. Also, traces of SiC and Y2O3 peaks are recorded. Hardness results showed that (SiC-Y2O3)/ nano-Ag/nano-Cu samples have higher hardness values than nano-Ni samples. Also, both the electrical and thermal conductivities are higher for nano-Cu-coated samples than for nano-Ni coated ones.
The Effects of a Tailored Mindfulness-Based Program on the Positive Mental Health of Resident Physicians—a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aeschbach Vanessa M. , Fendel Johannes C. , Göritz Anja S. , Schulze-Marmeling Charlotte , Schmidt Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Medical residency is a challenging phase that puts the mental health of resident physicians at risk. This study explores the effects of a tailored mindfulness-based program on the positive mental health of resident physicians.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal randomized controlled trial with an active control group. The intervention group took part in an 8-week mindfulness-based program (MBP) that included a course book and was followed by a 4-month maintenance phase. The control group only received the course book for self-study. Participants were assessed at 0, 2, 6, and 12 months. Assessments included self-report measures (positive affect, life-satisfaction, self-compassion, flourishing, self-esteem, feeling loved, self-attributed mindfulness, time perception, “Muße” (i.e., feeling at ease and free of pressure), thriving at work, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, self-esteem), as well as Goal Attainment Scaling.

Results
A total of 147 resident physicians were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. In linear mixed models, we found small to medium effects for the interaction of time × group across various time points for self-compassion, flourishing, mindfulness, Muße, thriving at work, and indirect negative affect with effect sizes ranging between d = 0.25 and 0.88. Goal Attainment Scaling revealed a greater goal attainment in the intervention group compared to the control group (d = 1.50).

Conclusions
We conclude that a tailored MBP may improve certain aspects of resident physicians’ positive mental health.

Trial Registration
DRKS00014015 05/24/2018.
Energy efficiency and Jevons' paradox in OECD countries: policy implications leading toward sustainable development
Authors: Yu Zhang , Ponce Pablo , Irshad Ateeq Ur Rehman , Tanveer Muhammad , Ponce Katerine , Khan Abdul Rehman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnergy consumption is defined as one of the main determinants of environmental degradation. Therefore, this issue becomes one of the main points of debate to achieve sustainable development. This research examines how a set of economic factors determine the energy consumption in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, for which second-generation econometric methods have been used that control cross-sectional dependence issues. Therefore, the results, using nonlinear methods, suggest the presence of Jevons' paradox in these countries. However, under the Jevons' paradox scenario, technological innovation becomes a factor that mitigates energy demand. Contrary to the foreign direct investment that contributes significantly to the increase in energy consumption, from the results found, some policy implications are derived in the framework of achieving sustainable development.
Phenytoin-loaded bioactive nanoparticles for the treatment of diabetic pressure ulcers: formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation
Authors: Sheir Marwa M. , Nasra Maha M. A. , Abdallah Ossama Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrug repurposing offers the chance to explore the full potential of existing drugs while reducing drug development time and costs. For instance, the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PHT) has been investigated for its wound healing properties. However, its poor solubility and variability of doses used topically limit its use. Hence, the aim of this study was to improve the properties and wound healing efficacy of PHT for the treatment of diabetic bedsores. PHT was encapsulated, using a modified ionic gelation method, in either positively or negatively charged chitosan-alginate nanoparticles (NPs), which possess previously demonstrated wound healing potential. These NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. PHT-loaded NPs were evaluated in vivo for their pressure ulcers’ healing potential using diabetic rats. The prepared NPs, especially the positively charged particles, exhibited superior wound healing efficacy compared to PHT suspension, with respect to healing rates, granulation tissue formation, tissue maturation, and collagen content. The positively charged NPs resulted in a 56.54% wound closure at day 7, compared to 37% for PHT suspension. Moreover, skin treated with these NPs showed a mature dermis structure with skin appendages, which were absent in all other groups, in addition to the highest collagen content of 63.65%. In conclusion, the use of a bioactive carrier enhanced the healing properties of PHT and allowed the use of relatively low doses of the drug. Our findings suggest that the prepared NPs offer an effective antibiotic-free delivery system for diabetic wound healing applications.Graphical Abstract
Resources and reserves in a carbon-constrained world
Authors: Cook Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For many years, definition and production of non-renewable resources has been crucial to meeting industrial and societal demands for energy and materials. In the evolving energy transition, the priority is to meet not only the world’s increasing energy requirements but also societal expectations of net zero by 2050 or sooner. Renewable energy will play a key role in achieving this, but this will require key and critical minerals and materials, whether for use in wind turbines or for building new energy distribution systems. Fossil fuels will continue to be used for some energy and industrial processes and increasingly for the production of hydrogen. Essential to the energy transition will be ongoing assessment of resources and reserves, including of critical minerals, geological sites for CO2 and H2, carbon-based and carbon-free fuels. Some of the principles underpinning the traditional use of the terms reserves and resources can be usefully applied to provide rigour and uniformity to the assessment of renewable energy opportunities. Carbon offsets, negative emissions and recycling will also be used to achieve net zero. Whatever the energy transition pathway that countries choose to take, knowledge of and ready access to non-renewable resources and reserves will be essential to achieving a clean energy future.
On a class of p(x)-Laplacian-like Dirichlet problem depending on three real parameters
Authors: El Ouaarabi Mohamed , Allalou Chakir , Melliani Said 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research establishes the existence of weak solution for a Dirichlet boundary value problem involving the p(x)-Laplacian-like operator depending on three real parameters, originated from a capillary phenomena, of the following form: $$\begin{aligned} \displaystyle \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle -\Delta ^{l}_{p(x)}u+\delta \vert u\vert ^{\alpha (x)-2}u=\mu g(x, u)+\lambda f(x, u, \nabla u) &{} \mathrm {i}\mathrm {n}\ \Omega ,\\ \\ u=0 &{} \mathrm {o}\mathrm {n}\ \partial \Omega , \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$

-

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(
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where $$\Delta ^{l}_{p(x)}$$

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is the p(x)-Laplacian-like operator, $$\Omega $$
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is a smooth bounded domain in $$\mathbb {R}^{N}$$

R

N

, $$\delta ,\mu $$

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, and $$\lambda $$
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are three real parameters, and $$p(\cdot ),\alpha (\cdot )\in C_{+}(\overline{\Omega })$$

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(
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and g, f are Carathéodory functions. Under suitable nonstandard growth conditions on g and f and using the topological degree for a class of demicontinuous operator of generalized $$(S_{+})$$

(

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+

)

type and the theory of variable-exponent Sobolev spaces, we establish the existence of a weak solution for the above problem.
Consistent Quantification of Precipitate Shapes and Sizes in Two and Three Dimensions Using Central Moments
Authors: Schleifer Felix , Müller Moritz , Lin Yueh-Yu , Holzinger Markus , Glatzel Uwe , Fleck Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComputational microstructure design aims to fully exploit the precipitate strengthening potential of an alloy system. The development of accurate models to describe the temporal evolution of precipitate shapes and sizes is of great technological relevance. The experimental investigation of the precipitate microstructure is mostly based on two-dimensional micrographic images. Quantitative modeling of the temporal evolution of these microstructures needs to be discussed in three-dimensional simulation setups. To consistently bridge the gap between 2D images and 3D simulation data, we employ the method of central moments. Based on this, the aspect ratio of plate-like particles is consistently defined in two and three dimensions. The accuracy and interoperability of the method is demonstrated through representative 2D and 3D pixel-based sample data containing particles with a predefined aspect ratio. The applicability of the presented approach in integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is demonstrated by the example of γ″ microstructure coarsening in Ni-based superalloys at 730 °C. For the first time, γ″ precipitate shape information from experimental 2D images and 3D phase-field simulation data is directly compared. This coarsening data indicates deviations from the classical ripening behavior and reveals periods of increased precipitate coagulation.
Natural selection according to Darwin: cause or effect?
Authors: Bradley Ben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the 1940s, the ‘modern synthesis’ (MS) of Darwinism and genetics cast genetic mutation and recombination as the source of variability from which environmental eventsnaturally selectthe fittest, such ‘natural selection’ constituting the cause of evolution. Recent biology increasingly challenges this view by casting genes as followers and awarding the leading role in the genesis of adaptations to the agency and plasticity of developing phenotypes—making natural selection a consequence of other causal processes. Both views of natural selection claim to capture the core of Darwin’s arguments inOn the Origin of Species. Today, historians largely concur with the MS’s reading ofOriginas a book aimed to prove natural selection thecause(vera causa) of adaptive change. This paper finds the evidence for that conclusion wanting. I undertake to examine the context and meaning of all Darwin’s known uses of the phrasevera causa, documenting in particular Darwin’s resistance to the pressure to prove natural selection avera causain letters written early in 1860.His resistance underlines the logical dependence of natural selection, anunobservablephenomenon, on the causal processes producing theobservableevents captured by the laws of inheritance, variation, and the struggle for existence, established in Chapters 1–3 ofOrigin.
Flexible Example-Based Program Synthesis on Tree-Structured Function Compositions
Authors: Mucsányi Bálint , Gyarmathy Bálint , Czapp Ádám , Pintér Balázs 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe introduce a flexible program synthesis system whose task is to predict function compositions that transform given inputs to their corresponding given outputs. We process input lists in a sequential manner, allowing the system to generalize to a wide range of input lengths. We separate the operator and the operand in the lambda functions of the used higher order functions to achieve significantly wider numeric parameter ranges compared to the previous works. The evaluations show that this approach is competitive with state-of-the-art systems, while it is much more flexible in terms of the input length, the parameters of the lambda functions, and the integer range of the inputs and outputs. We extend the system to handle tree-structured function compositions by introducing two additional functions (, copy) and the ability to represent unfinished function compositions during the synthesis process. The extended system achieves state-of-the-art results while synthesizing complex function compositions with multiple forks. We believe that flexibility in these aspects is an important step towards solving real-world problems with example-based program synthesis.
Low rates of antibiotic use among ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Smith Alison G.C. , Wilber Eli , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Sharp Joseph , Kandiah Sheetal , Graciaa Daniel S. , Kempker Russell R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We assessed the prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions among ambulatory patients tested for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a large public US healthcare system and found a low overall rate of antibiotic prescriptions (6.7%). Only 3.8% of positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were associated with an antibiotic prescription within 7 days.
Emergency Medical Services Demand: An Analysis of County-Level Social Determinants
Authors: Déziel Jackson D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Variations in the demand for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) exist when observed at a local level. This unspecified heterogeneity leads to an investigation of social factors contributing to EMS demand.

Methods:
Data for this study were collected from publicly available EMS reports from Florida and Oklahoma for 2009 - 2015. Health and social data were gathered from County health rankings and roadmap reports. Data were combined into a single dataset, and pooled ordinary-least-squares models with time-fixed effects were utilized for tests of inference. EMS call volume was log-transformed to derive a semi-elasticity function.

Results:
A total of 874 county-year observations were analyzed. Increases in poor/fair health (95% CI: 0.6% - 3.9%), binge drinking (95% CI: 1.6% - 3.5%), teen birth rate (95% CI: 1.1% - 5.2%), unemployment rate (95% CI: 0.5% - 3.9%), and violent crime rate (95% CI: 1.0% - 3.0%) were associated with an increase in the EMS demand rate.

Conclusion:
The data supports the notion that some community measures have an effect on EMS demand as counties with higher levels of poor health, binge drinking, teen births, unemployment, and violent crime saw higher EMS demand. These factors may have been treated as spurious, or overlooked by policy makers and EMS leadership.
Has Zika Been Forgotten? Findings From Nationwide Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Mosquito Preventive Practices in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Alias Haridah , Lee Hai Yen , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess knowledge and attitudes toward Zika virus disease (ZVD) as well as mosquito prevention practices in Malaysia at a nationwide level.

Methods:
Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted between June 2019 and February 2020.

Results:
There are gaps in knowledge about the symptoms, mode of transmission, and risk of microcephaly. The mean for the Zika-related knowledge score was 5.9 (SD ± 4.4) out of a possible score of 14. The majority perceived little or no risk of getting ZVD (75.0%) and 75.5% were a little or not at all worried about ZVD. A high proportion reported the use of insect sprays or mosquito coils to prevent mosquito bites; however, a relatively lower proportion of people reported fixing mosquito netting on doors and windows, and using mosquito bed nets. The mean for the mosquito prevention practices score was 11.9 (SD ± 4.7) out of a possible score of 27. Important factors influencing mosquito prevention practices include household income, environment factors, risk perception, and Zika-related knowledge.

Conclusion:
Zika prevention measures should be targeted in priority toward residents in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods. Campaigns should focus on messages highlighting the high risk of getting dengue.
Winter Storms and Unplanned School Closure Announcements on Twitter: Comparison Between the States of Massachusetts and Georgia, 2017–2018
Authors: Evans Haley I. , Handberry Maya T. , Muniz-Rodriguez Kamalich , Schwind Jessica S. , Liang Hai , Adhikari Bishwa B. , Meltzer Martin I. , Fung Isaac Chun-Hai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This project aimed to quantify and compare Massachusetts and Georgia public school districts’ 2017–2018 winter-storm-related Twitter unplanned school closure announcements (USCA).

Methods:
Public school district Twitter handles and National Center for Education Statistics data were obtained for Georgia and Massachusetts. Tweets were retrieved using Twitter application programming interface. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted to compare the rates of winter-storm-related USCA.

Results:
Massachusetts had more winter storms than Georgia during the 2017–2018 winter season, but Massachusetts school districts posted winter-storm-related USCA at a 60% lower rate per affected day (adjusted rate ratio, aRR = 0.40, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.30, 0.52) than Georgia school districts after controlling for the student enrollments and Twitter followers count per Twitter account. A 10-fold increase in followers count was correlated with a 118% increase in USCA rate per affected day (aRR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.74, 2.75). Georgia school districts had a higher average USCA tweet rate per winter-storm-affected day than Massachusetts school districts. A higher number of Twitter followers was associated with a higher number of USCA tweets per winter-storm-affected day.

Conclusion:
Twitter accounts of school districts in Massachusetts had a lower tweet rate for USCA per winter-storm-affected days than those in Georgia.
Leading-edge vortex dynamics on plunging airfoils and wings
Authors: Son O. , Gao A.-K. , Gursul I. , Cantwell C.D. , Wang Z. , Sherwin S.J. 
Published: April 2022

The vortex dynamics of leading-edge vortices on plunging high-aspect-ratio (AR = 10) wings and airfoils were investigated by means of volumetric velocity measurements, numerical simulations and stability analysis to understand the deformation of the leading-edge vortex filament and spanwise instabilities. The vortex filaments on both the wing and airfoil exhibit spanwise waves, but with different origins. The presence of a wing-tip causes the leg of the vortex to remain attached to the wing upper surface, while the initial deformation of the filament near the wing tip resembles a helical vortex. The essential features can be modelled as the deformation of an initially L-shaped semi-infinite vortex column. In contrast, the instability of the vortices is well captured by the instability of counter-rotating vortex pairs, which are formed either by the trailing-edge vortices or the secondary vortices rolled-up from the wing surface. The wavelengths observed in the experiments and simulations are in agreement with the stability analysis of counter-rotating vortex pairs of unequal strength.
THE PERSISTENT BONDS OF THEOIKOSIN EURIPIDES’HERACLES
Authors: Moore Jocelyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInterpretations of Euripides’Heraclesoften focus on Theseus’ and Heracles’ cooperative social values in the final scene as a culmination of themes ofphilia. I argue that the relationship Theseus forges competes with Heracles’ attachment to his household,oikos, which is the central social relationship Euripides describes. The drama consistently develops Heracles as his household's leader by inviting the audience to compare Heracles with interim caretakers Megara and Amphitryon, and later through the protagonist's performance of emotional attachment before and after his madness. The closing scene continues to reveal the value and vulnerability of household attachment by accentuating Heracles’ exclusion from the identity of human family member. This trajectory suggests a painful misalignment between Heracles’ experience in theoikosand the public position Theseus offers at Athens: of a semi-divine hero receiving public cult and honours. Euripides emphasizes this tension to distinguish the experience ofoikos-membership.
In Pursuit of Laicized Urban Administration: The Muhtar System in Istanbul and Ottoman Attitudes toward Non-Muslim Religious Authorities in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Ueno Masayuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Ottoman Empire introduced the muhtar system in Istanbul in 1829, appointing lay headmen, called muhtar, to the lowest levels of urban administration: Muslim neighborhoods; Orthodox, Armenian, and Catholic parishes; and Jewish congregations. This reform resulted in the overlapping of state responsibilities and those of non-Muslim religious authorities, later leading to disputes between the groups. This article investigates such disagreements in an effort to understand how state officials perceived non-Muslim religious authorities’ participation in imperial governance. In so doing, this article argues that, as non-Muslim political movements began developing during the late nineteenth century, state officials adopted a cautious attitude toward non-Muslim clergy, viewing the latter as requiring more careful handling than the layman. This take on clergymen was a shift, a reconsideration of the exceptional treatment they had previously enjoyed, and ignited a growing desire to sever the ties, formerly tolerated, between muhtars and religious authorities.
Proficiency of allocentric and egocentric wayfinding: a comparison of schoolchildren with young adults and older adults
Authors: Rinne Klara , Memmert Daniel , Bock Otmar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWayfinding skills decay in old age, more so for wayfinding in an allocentric than an egocentric reference frame. This study investigates whether wayfinding deficits of schoolchildren mimic those of older adults. Schoolchildren were tested on two wayfinding tasks: one could only be mastered in an allocentric, and the other only in an egocentric reference frame. The results were compared with those from a previous study of young and older adults who had been tested on the same two wayfinding tasks. It was found that wayfinding performance improved somewhat from school age to young adulthood and that this improvement proceeded more or less in parallel for the allocentric and the egocentric tasks. It was further found that wayfinding performance decayed from young to older adulthood and that this decay was more dramatic for the allocentric than for the egocentric task. This pattern of findings does not support the hypothesis that the wayfinding performance of schoolchildren mimics that of older adults.