bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical note: Impact of beamline‐specific particle energy spectra on clinical plans in carbon ion beam therapy
Authors: Resch Andreas Franz , Schafasand Mansure , Lackner Niklas , Niessen Tom , Beck Staffan , Elia Alessio , Boersma David , Grevillot Loïc , Fossati Piero , Glimelius Lars , Stock Markus , Georg Dietmar , Carlino Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Local Effect Model version one (LEM I) is applied clinically across Europe to quantify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon ion beams. It requires the full particle fluence spectrum differential in energy in each voxel as input parameter. Treatment planning systems (TPSs) use beamline‐specific look‐up tables generated with Monte Carlo (MC) codes. In this study, the changes in RBE weighted dose were quantified using different levels of details in the simulation or different MC codes.MethodsThe particle fluence differential in energy was simulated with FLUKA and Geant4 at 500 depths in water in 1‐mm steps for 58 initial carbon ion energies (between 120.0 and 402.8 MeV/u). A dedicated beam model was applied, including the full description of the Nozzle using GATE‐RTionV1.0 (Geant4.10.03p03). In addition, two tables generated with FLUKA were compared. The starting points of the FLUKA simulations were phase space (PhS) files from, firstly, the Geant4 nozzle simulations, and secondly, a clinical beam model where an analytic approach was used to mimic the beamline. Treatment plans (TPs) were generated with RayStation 8B (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Sweden) for cubic targets in water and 10 clinical patient cases using the clinical beam model. Subsequently, the RBE weighted dose was re‐computed using the two other fluence tables (FLUKA PhS or Geant4).ResultsThe fluence spectra of the primary and secondary particles simulated with Geant4 and FLUKA generally agreed well for the primary particles. Differences were mainly observed for the secondary particles. Interchanging the two energy spectra (FLUKA vs. GEANT4) to calculate the RBE weighted dose distributions resulted in average deviations of less than 1% in the entrance up to the end of the target region, with a maximum local deviation at the distal edge of the target. In the fragment tail, larger discrepancies of up to 5% on average were found for deep‐seated targets. The patient and water phantom cases demonstrated similar results.ConclusionRBE weighted doses agreed well within all tested setups, confirming the clinical beam model provided by the TPS vendor. Furthermore, the results showed that the open source and generally available MC code Geant4 (in particular using GATE or GATE‐RTion) can also be used to generate basic beam data required for RBE calculation in carbon ion therapy.
Prevalence and risk factors for oral HPV16/18 and candida in Japanese people without oral cancer or premalignant lesions
Authors: Shigeishi Hideo , Ohta Kouji , Sugiyama Masaru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimCurrent studies indicate that oral human papillomavirus (HPV) and candida infection may increase the risk of developing oral cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for HPV16/18 and candida infection in the oral cavity in Japanese people without oral cancer or premalignant lesions.MethodsWe targeted 181 Japanese patients (mean age 59.8 years, range 20–89 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital. None of the patients had oral cancer or oral potentially malignant disorder. Oral rinse samples were collected after mouth rinsing. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using type‐specific primers to detect HPV16/18 DNA and Candida albicans/Candida glabrata DNA.ResultsOf the 181 participants, 20 participants (11.0%) were HPV16 DNA positive and three participants (1.7%) were HPV18 DNA positive. Smoker had significant higher positive rates of HPV16 DNA than nonsmoker (P = 0.03). Additionally, binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking was significantly associated with HPV16 DNA (odds ratio 4.11, P = 0.01). Six participants (3.3%) showed co‐infection with HPV16 and C. albicans. No significant association was found between HPV16/18 and C. albicans/C. glabrata. Logistic regression analysis revealed that denture use was significantly associated with C. glabrata (odds ratio 5.09, P = 0.003).ConclusionsTobacco smoke is an important risk factor for oral HPV16 infection. Co‐infection with oral HPV16 and C. albicans can be found in people without oral cancer. Our results highlight the importance of not smoking and regularly cleaning dentures to prevent co‐infection with HPV and candida.
Improvement of environmental stress cracking performance, load‐carrying capacity, and UV light barrier property of polyethylene terephthalate packaging material
Authors: Inaner Nihat Burhan , Demirel Bilal , Yaras Ali , Akkurt Fatih , Daver Fugen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study deals with the improvement of light barrier properties and stress cracking strength of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging materials by incorporating calcium metaborate (CaB2O4). CaB2O4 powders were synthesized by the sol–gel method. After the extrusion process produced PET/ CaB2O4 granules, the preform and bottle production was carried out by injection molding and blow molding. Compared to pure PET, UV transmittance is reduced (~88%), and it is more effective at lower wavelengths (<800 nm). Similarly, the presence of CaB2O4 improved the environmental stress cracking performance of PET packaging materials. While the burst strength increased in the range of 0.05%–0.2% CaB2O4 concentration, it decreased at higher concentrations. The load‐carrying capacity is approximately 109% higher than pure PET. Acetic acid (COOH) degradation increased with the incorporation of CaB2O4 particles, while isophthalic acid and diethylene glycol degradations did not change. The experimental data indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of the PET bottle is prevented significantly, and its mechanical performance is also improved with the incorporation of CaB2O4. Thanks to this novel product, the quality of food and beverages in PET packaging materials can be protected from the harmful effects of light, and the deformation of PET packaging materials can be prevented for various reasons.
Predictive factors for recurrent suicide attempts: Evidence from the ACTION‐J study
Authors: Tachikawa Hirokazu , Takahashi Sho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Yonemoto Naohiro , Oda Hiroyuki , Miyake Yasufumi , Hirayasu Yoshio , Arai Tetsuaki , Kawanishi Chiaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimRisk factors for attempted suicide have been widely studied. However, there is limited evidence on predictive factors for suicide reattempts. We aimed to identify these in suicide attempters admitted to emergency departments.MethodsThis is the second analysis from a randomized controlled multicenter trial, ACTION‐J. Patient characteristics were extracted from baseline demographic data and clinical data of participants. Predictive factors for a recurrent suicide attempt in each gender were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Dependent variables were months from trial entry to the first reattempt. Independent variables were characteristics regarded as potential predictive factors.ResultsThe study included 914 adults (400 men and 514 women). A visit to a psychiatrist within a month of the suicide attempt was significantly associated with reattempts in men (hazard ratio [HR] 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–5.25). Substance‐related disorders (HR 3.65, 95% CI 1.16–7.9.60), drinking alcohol less than once per month (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.17–0.88), previous suicide attempts (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.40–3.87), and taking a drug overdose for the first suicide attempt (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.14–3.01) were significantly associated with reattempts in women.ConclusionOur data highlight the importance of visits to a psychiatrist a short time before the first suicide attempt in men and substance‐related disorder, previous suicide attempts, and drug overdose in the first suicide attempt in women as predictive factors for future suicide reattempts.
Impacts of ecological succession and climate warming on permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins of the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Lantz Trevor C. , Zhang Yu , Kokelj Steven V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapidly increasing air temperatures will alter permafrost conditions across the Arctic, but variation in soils, vegetation, snow conditions, and their effects on ground thermal regime complicate prediction across spatial and temporal scales. Processes that result in the emergence of new surfaces (lake drainage, channel migration, isostatic uplift, etc.) provide an opportunity to assess the factors influencing permafrost aggradation and terrain evolution under a warming climate. In this study we describe ground temperatures, vegetation, and snow and soil conditions at six drained lake basins (DLBs) that have exposed new terrain in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands in the last 20–100 years. We also use one‐dimensional thermal modeling to assess the impact of ecological succession and future climate scenarios on permafrost conditions in historical and future DLBs. Our field observations show that deep snow pack and shallow organic layers at shrub‐dominated DLBs promote increased thaw depth and ground temperatures compared to a sedge‐dominated DLB and two ancient DLB reference sites. Modeling of past and future drainages shows that climate warming projected under RCP 8.5 will reduce rates of permafrost aggradation and thickness, and drive top‐down thaw that could degrade permafrost in shrub‐dominated DLBs by the end of the century. Permafrost at sedge‐dominated sites was more resilient to warming under RCP 8.5, with the onset of top‐down thaw delayed until about 2080. Together, this indicates that the effects of ecological succession on organic soil development and snow drifting will strongly influence the aggradation and resilience of permafrost in DLBs. Our analysis suggests that DLBs and other emergent landscapes will be the first permafrost‐free environments to develop under a warming climate in the continuous permafrost zone.
Inhibition of epigenetic reader proteins by apabetalone counters inflammation in activated innate immune cells from Fabry disease patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Fu Li , Wasiak Sylwia , Tsujikawa Laura M. , Rakai Brooke D. , Stotz Stephanie C. , Wong Norman C. W. , Johansson Jan O. , Sweeney Michael , Mohan Connie M. , Khan Aneal , Kulikowski Ewelina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFabry disease (FD) is a rare X‐linked disorder of lipid metabolism, characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to defective the lysosomal enzyme, α‐galactosidase. Gb3 deposits activate immune‐mediated systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to life‐threatening consequences in multiple organs such as the heart and kidneys. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the standard of care, is less effective with advanced tissue injury and inflammation in patients with FD. Here, we showed that MCP‐1 and TNF‐α cytokine levels were almost doubled in plasma from ERT‐treated FD patients. Chemokine receptor CCR2 surface expression was increased by twofold on monocytes from patients with low eGFR. We also observed an increase in IL12B transcripts in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) over a 2‐year period of continuous ERT. Apabetalone is a clinical‐stage oral bromodomain and extra terminal protein inhibitor (BETi), which has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and kidney disease related pathways including inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that apabetalone, a BD2‐selective BETi, dose dependently reduced the production of MCP‐1 and IL‐12 in stimulated PBMCs through transcriptional regulation of their encoding genes. Reactive oxygen species production was diminished by up to 80% in stimulated neutrophils following apabetalone treatment, corresponding with inhibition of NOX2 transcription. This study elucidates that inhibition of BET proteins by BD2‐selective apabetalone alleviates inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in innate immune cells in general and in FD. These results suggest potential benefit of BD2‐selective apabetalone in controlling inflammation and oxidative stress in FD, which will be further investigated in clinical trials.
Effectiveness of autocidal gravid trapping and chemical control in altering abundance and age structure of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Figurskey Anastasia C. , Hollingsworth Brandon , Doyle Michael S. , Reiskind Michael H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAedes albopictus is a nuisance pest mosquito of public health importance commonly managed with adulticides and larvicides. We investigated whether adding Gravid Aedes Traps (GATs), Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps (AGOs) or In2Care traps would extend the effectiveness of chemical control methods in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, by combining barrier sprays and larval habitat management (LHM) with each trap type at suburban households. We compared these three treatment groups to untreated controls and to backyards treated only with barrier sprays and LHM. Once a week, for ten weeks, we collected adult mosquitoes at each house using lure‐baited surveillance traps and dissected a portion of Ae. albopictus females to determine parity.ResultsBarrier sprays and LHM alone or combined with any supplemental autocidal ovitrap significantly reduced female Ae. albopictus through Week 3 post‐treatment. GATs significantly extended chemical control effectiveness for the duration of the study. Compared to the untreated control, the AGO and GAT treatment groups had significant overall female Ae. albopictus reductions of 74% and 80.4%, respectively, with populations aging significantly slower at houses treated with AGOs.ConclusionThis household‐level study, though limited in size, observed significant reductions in nuisance Ae. albopictus when combining AGOs and GATs with chemical controls for an eight‐week period. Delayed population aging in AGO‐treated yards suggests that traps also could mitigate disease transmission risk. Future studies should test these control methods at the neighborhood level to evaluate large‐scale effectiveness as well as assess the effect of autocidal ovitraps without chemical intervention. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Stability and change in China's geography of intercity migration: A network analysis
Authors: Wu Shuang , Liu Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChina's migration boom has reshaped its domestic economic pattern and social structure, resulting in a typical urbanization model dominated by massive internal migration. By using the 1% National Population Sample Survey data in 2005 and 2015, this study depicts and analyses the spatial pattern of intercity migration in China and its changes using the Gini index, network analysis approach, and gravity model. Individual‐level data enable us to reveal that the distribution of migrants among destinations and origins has become considerably balanced over the decade, although destinations are markedly more concentrated than origins. The migration network is stable but also becomes significantly disperse owing to the increasing short‐distance and intra‐provincial migration. Even with a burgeoning railway system, migration distance generally matters more than before, particularly for migration from Central and Western China. The results provide new insights to universal migration theories and implications to regional development and population redistribution.
Hidden Single‐Qubit Topological Phase Transition without Gap Closing in Anisotropic Light‐Matter Interactions
Authors: Ying Zu‐Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConventionally the occurrence of topological phase transitions (TPTs) requires gap closing, whereas there are also unconventional cases without need of gap closing. Although traditionally TPTs lie in many‐body systems in condensed matter, both cases of TPTs may find analogs in few‐body systems. Indeed, the ground‐state node number provides a topological classification for single‐qubit systems. While the no‐node theorem of spinless systems is shown to restrict the fundamental quantum Rabi model in light‐matter interactions, it is demonstrated that the limitation of the no‐node theorem can be broken not only in small counter‐rotating terms (CRTs) but also in the large‐CRT regime, which striates a rich phase diagram with different TPTs. While these transitions are mostly accompanied with gap closing and parity reversal, a hidden node‐phase transition is revealed that has neither gap closing nor parity change, which turns out to be an analog of the unconventional TPT in condensed matter. A hysteresis sign for the unconventional TPT is unveiled via the transition from phase squeezing to amplitude squeezing in the gapped phase. The imprints in the Wigner function are also addressed. The clarified mechanisms provide some special insights for the subtle role of the CRTs.
Development of antibody resistance in emerging mutant strains of SARS CoV‐2: Impediment for COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Beeraka Narasimha M. , Sukocheva Olga A. , Lukina Elena , Liu Junqi , Fan Ruitai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a highly infectious agent associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality. A failure to stop growth of COVID‐19‐linked morbidity rates is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations and the emergence of new highly virulent SARS‐CoV‐2 strains. Several acquired SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations reflect viral adaptations to host immune defence. Mutations in the virus Spike‐protein were associated with the lowered effectiveness of current preventive therapies, including vaccines. Recent in vitro studies detected diminished neutralisation capacity of vaccine‐induced antibodies, which are targeted to bind Spike receptor‐binding and N‐terminal domains in the emerging strains. Lower than expected inhibitory activity of antibodies was reported against viruses with E484K Spike mutation, including B.1.1.7 (UK), P.1 (Brazil), B.1.351 (South African), and new Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) with E484A mutation. The vaccine effectiveness is yet to be examined against new mutant strains of SARS‐CoV‐2 originating in Europe, Nigeria, Brazil, South Africa, and India. To prevent the loss of anti‐viral protection in vivo, often defined as antibody resistance, it is required to target highly conserved viral sequences (including Spike protein) and enhance the potency of antibody cocktails. In this review, we assess the reported mutation‐acquiring potential of coronaviruses and compare efficacies of current COVID‐19 vaccines against ‘parent’ and ‘mutant’ strains of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Kappa (B.1.617.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529)).
Baseline physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and disease outcomes in COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Shamsi Mahdieh Molanouri , Khoramipour Kayvan , Malakoutinia Fatemeh , Woo Wongi , Park Seoyeon , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmong coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients, physically active individuals may be at lower risk of fatal outcomes. However, to date, no meta‐analysis has been carried out to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and fatal outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to explore the hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality rates of COVID‐19 patients with a history of PA participation before the onset of the pandemic, and to evaluate the reliability of the evidence. A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and medRxiv was conducted for articles published up to January 2022. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to compare disease severity and mortality rates of COVID‐19 patients in physically active and inactive cases. Twelve studies involving 1,256,609 patients (991,268 physically active and 265,341 inactive cases) with COVID‐19, were included in the pooled analysis. The overall meta‐analysis compared with inactive controls showed significant associations between PA with reduction in COVID‐19 hospitalisation (risk ratio (RR) = 0.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.46–0.73, P = 0.001), ICU admissions (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.52–0.81, P = 0.001) and mortality (RR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.38–0.59, P = 0.001). The protective effect of PA on COVID‐19 hospitalisation and mortality could be attributable to the types of exercise such as resistance exercise (RR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.49, P = 0.001) and endurance exercise (RR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.74, P = 0.003), respectively. Physical activity is associated with decreased hospitalisation, ICU admissions, and mortality rates of patients with COVID‐19. Moreover, COVID‐19 patients with a history of resistance and endurance exercises experience a lower rate of hospitalisation and mortality, respectively. Further studies are warranted to determine the biological mechanisms underlying these findings.
Event‐triggered switching‐dependent integral sliding mode control for networked switched linear systems with unknown nonlinear disturbance
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Wu Caiyun , Li Jinna , Ren Junchao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the event‐triggered sliding mode control problem for uncertain networked switched systems with the external nonlinear disturbance. First, to reduce the utilization of the network bandwidth, a novel mode‐dependent continuous‐time event‐triggering scheme (ETS) including the state triggering error is proposed. A switching‐dependent auxiliary function called the triggering sliding mode function is constructed, which prevents the controller from using the extra information (the continuous state). Then, a novel switching‐dependent integral‐type switching function that depends on the states of the switching instants and includes an exponential term is proposed. Obtaining the boundary of the sliding mode region benefits from the exponential term for continuous‐time systems. Then, an event‐triggered sliding mode controller is designed, which makes the networked switched systems practical stability, and attains the sliding region around the specified sliding surface. When the constant threshold of the triggering scheme is zero, the system state can converge to zero as time goes to infinity. Moreover, it is proved that the Zeno behavior can be avoided under the proposed continuous‐time ETS. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by a switched Chua's circuit system.
Robust decoupling of uncertain subsystems
Authors: Baár Tamás , Luspay Tamás 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article presents a robust subsystem decoupling framework for uncertain linear systems with linear fractional representation, where the uncertainties are described by Integral Quadratic Constraints. The proposed method relies on the synthesis of input‐ and output transformations, which maximize the robust excitation of a selected subsystem, while minimize this effect on the other parts of the dynamics. More precisely, the notion of minimum gain is defined (and discussed) for uncertain systems, which is then maximized for the targeted subsystem. In order to achieve decoupling, the maximum sensitivity of the undesired dynamical part is minimized simultaneously. These criteria lead to an optimization problem subject to linear matrix inequality constraints, hence can be effectively solved. Numerical examples are used for demonstrating the developed method and its possible applications.