bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the compounding of sodium N-lauroyl glutamate and cationic cellulose
Authors: Wang Yuling , Liu Yue , He Binbin , Huang Jian , Xu Hujun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, sodium N-lauroyl glutamate (SLG) was mixed with cationic cellulose JR30 M. The rapidly occurring change in surface tension and the mass action law of the mixed (compound) system were investigated using dynamic and equilibrium surface tension methods. The behaviour of the system during phase separation was investigated by turbidimetry. The results showed that in the presence of JR30 M, the surface tension of SLG was reduced to a lower level in the given time interval due to the strong interaction compared to that of a solution with the same concentration of SLG but without JR30 M. The largest decrease was obtained with a JR30 M concentration of 0.2 g L−1, which reduced the equilibrium surface tension of SLG from 38.4 mN m−1 to 31.7 mN m−1. The rate of decrease in surface tension increased from 37.61 mN m−1 s−1 to 74.7 mN m−1 s−1. An association complex formed between SLG and JR30 M, and the equilibrium surface tension curve showed a double platform. As the concentration of JR30 M increased, the first platform broadened and the CMC value increased. The phase separation behaviour of the compound system disappeared with the increase of SLG concentration, and the area became narrower with the decrease of JR30 M concentration.
Heroes and Pilgrims: An Autoethnographic exploration of adventure motorcycle travel
Authors: Wragg Jason 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper sets out to illuminate the lived experience of the adventure motorcyclist during a multi-day trip across the Sarn Helen, a stretch of Roman road that makes up part of the Trans European Trail in Wales, which is now a rough unpaved rural road. The accompanying text first discusses autoethnography and how creating comics can be used in research. This is followed by an autoethnographic account of the journey, presented as a short comic, and a discussion of my changing philosophical stance which gives meaning to the experience.
Unpaved roads provide a “Heterotopia”, a liminal space that allows for the meaning making of experiences and the negotiation and renegotiation of identities of self. This work draws upon an autoethnographic methodology to explore the lived experience of adventure motorcycling and utilises the creation of comics as a form of analysis and presentation of data.
Through the application of the Hero’s and Pilgrim’s lens or viewpoint this autoethnographic work highlights how adventurous journeys through heterotopic spaces can provide an ighlyn of identity, sense making, as well as demonstrating both the outward physical journey and the internal emotional journey undertaken.
Die Kristallstrukturen der Komplexe von 2,6-Dimethyl-γ-Pyron mit BF3, CuCl2 und HgCl2
Authors: Engel Günther , Lissner Falk , Thomas Schleid  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The crystal structures of the complexes of 2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DMP) with BF3, CuCl2 and HgCl2 have been investigated. In all three case, the site of coordination is to the carbonyl (exocyclic) oxygen atom. DMP·BF3 (I) crystallizes with the monoclinic space group C2/c and the lattice parameters a = 1023.98(5), b = 1465.74(7), c = 1169.03(6) pm, β = 101.347(2)°. In this molecular structure the non-connected molecules are arranged in layers, which spread out parallel to the ab plane. Starting from planar BF3, this molecule is converted by coordination to a tetrahedral entity −OBF3. DMP·CuCl2 (II) belongs to the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 1952.43(9), b = 670.84(3), c = 1362.30(6) pm and two different Cu2+ cations. All atoms except the Cl− anions and two atoms of the −CH3 groups reside in mirror planes. The coordination around both Cu2+ cations is square pyramidal −OCuCl4 with the oxygen atom at the apex. The bases are planar and connected via trans-oriented edges to form a strand, running parallel to the b axis. DMP·HgCl2 (III) crystallizes with the space group P21/n and the lattice parameters a = 767.59(4), b = 1970.32(9), c = 1374.41(6) pm, β = 98.257(2)°. Its monoclinic structure is a distorted version of the orthorhombic copper(II) complex structure. The reason is the preference of Hg2+ for the short linear arrangement Cl−Hg−Cl. It is demonstrated, that the crystal structure of DMP·HgCl2 belongs to a translationsgleiche subgroup of the DMP·CuCl2 structure.
Pattern Motion Direction Is Encoded in the Population Activity of Macaque Area MT
Authors: Quaia Christian , Kang Incheol , Cumming Bruce G. 
Published: November 2022

Direction selective neurons in macaque primary visual cortex are narrowly tuned for orientation, and are thus afflicted by the aperture problem. At the next stage of motion processing, in the middle temporal (MT) area, some cells appear to solve this problem, responding to the pattern motion direction of plaids. Models have been proposed to account for this computation, but they do not replicate the diversity of responses observed in MT. We recorded from 386 cells in area MT of two male macaques, while presenting a wide range of random-line stimuli and their compositions into noise plaids. As we broadened the range of stimuli used to probe the cells, yielding ever more challenging conditions for extracting pattern motion, the diversity of the responses observed increased, and the fraction of cells that faithfully encoded pattern motion direction shrank. However, we show here that a pattern motion signal is present at the population level. We identified four mechanisms, one never proposed before, that together might account for the observed diversity in single-cell responses. Pattern motion is thus extracted in area MT, but it is encoded across the population, and not in a small subset of pattern neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSome neurons in the middle temporal area of macaques solve the aperture problem, signaling the direction of motion of complex patterns. As the number of pattern types used to probe this mechanism is increased, fewer and fewer cells retain this capability. We show here that different cells fail in different ways, and that simply summing their responses averages away their failures, yielding a clear pattern motion signal. Similar encodings, which unequivocally violate the “neuron as a feature detector” hypothesis that has dominated sensory processing theories for the past 50 years, might apply throughout the brain.
Simultaneous component analysis as an interesting preliminary data analysis method in GC-MS – An example of headspace screening of Polish grasses
Authors: Wróbel-Szkolak Joanna , Cwener Anna , Pietraś Rafał , Komsta Łukasz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract70 species of grasses family (Poaceae), coming from genera: Agrostis, Alopecurus, Anthoxanthum, Apera, Arrhenatherum, Avena, Brachypodium, Briza, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Corynephorus, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Danthonia, Deschampsia, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Elymus, Eragrostis, Festuca, Glyceria, Helictotrichon, Hierochloe, Holcus, Hordeum, Koeleria, Leymus, Lolium, Milium, Molinia, Nardus, Panicum, Phalaris, Phleum, Phragmites, Poa, Saccharum and Setaria, collected mostly from natural stands in Poland during 2020 season, were subjected to GC-MS fingerprinting of headspace volatile fraction above dried material. Obtained mass spectrometry data were analyzed by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Five species: Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum jubatum L., Bromus tectorum L. and Bromus secalinus L. were identified as outliers, which is consistent with our earlier analysis by thin layer chromatography. These species deserve further look and their outliance is orthogonal to coumarin content, which was independently observed for odorant species of grasses.
Classifying AEC enterprises in the South Transdanubia region, Hungary
Authors: Altamimi Motasem , Zagorácz Márk Balázs , Halada Miklós 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper classifies the architecture, engineering, and construction enterprises in the South Transdanubia Region, Hungary, according to the size and function of the firms. It is a primary step for later investigation about the implementation of building information modeling in small and medium-sized enterprises within the region. It introduces digital construction in the sector, includes most construction firms based in the region, and systematically gathers data. It analyzes the data to introduce a new sorting method based on the local construction market, unlike the international classification, which leans on the global perspective.
KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI HETEROTROF PADA TAMBAK DENGAN JENIS MANGROVE YANG BERBEDA DI PULOKERTO PASURUAN
Authors: Setyastuti Tri Ari , Puspitasari Indah - , Sukamto Dwi , Asmarany Anja 
Published: November 2022

Pusat Studi Mangrove merupakan pengembangan tambak sylfofisheries dengan beberapa jenis mangrove diantaranya adalah Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba dan Sonneratia alba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi bakteri pada tutupan mangrove yang berbeda. Serasah yang berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan menumpuknya bahan organik dan meningkatkan derajat keasaman perairan pada tambak silvofishery. Namun keberadaan bakteri heterotroph yang mampu menguraikan bahan organik diperairan memiliki peran penting dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan ekosistem tambak silvofishery terutama pada petakan dengan persentase tutupan mangrove yang tinggi (>50%). Perencanaan tambak silvofishery dengan menggunakan jenis mangrove yang berbeda diduga akan memberikan hasil yang berbeda, karena adanya perbedaan pada jumlah serasah yang jatuh serta kandungan bahan aktif yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri yang dimiliki jenis mangrove yang berbeda pula.Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental skala lapangan dengan parameter Kelimpahan bakteri Heterotrof di perairan dan Kualitas Air yang meliputi pH, suhu dan salinitas.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Kelimpahan bakteri heterotroph pada petakan silvofisheries dengan mangrove Avicennia marina lebih tinggi daripada petakan silvofisheries mangrove Rhizophora mucronata dan parameter kualitas air yang mempengaruhi kelimpahan bakteri heterotroph adalah pH, sedangkan suhu serta salinitas tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kelimpahan bakteri heterotroph pada petakan silvofisheries.
ANALISA MATEMATIS DISTRIBUSI TEMPERATUR DENGAN VARIASI SUDUT ATAP PADA LEMARI PENGASAP IKAN
Authors: Nugroho Setyawan Dwi , Alviani A Marsha 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui temperatur disetiap titik ruang pengasap pada lemari pengasap ikan sehingga dapat dilakukan rancang bangun lemari pengasap ikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan standar pengasapan ikan yaitu SNI 2725.1.2009. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan 3 (tiga) variasi sudut atap lemari pengasap ikan yaitu 15°, 45° dan 60° dengan pengambilan data tanpa beban antara lain temperatur lingkungan 31°C, temperature ruang bakar 470°C. Pada lemari pengasap ikan dengan sudut atap 15°, 45° dan 60° secara berurutan didapatkan temperatur pada atap lemari pengasap ikan dan kecepatan gas asap adalah 46°C dan 1,2 m/s , 49°C dan 1,1 m/s, serta 64°C dan 0,7 m/s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan perhitungan dengan metode definite-difference technique dengan penyelesaian analisis numerik, membagi ruang pengasap ikan menjadi 12 node (T1 sd T12) maka nilai ruang pengasap ikan dengan sudut atap 15º, 45ºC dan 60ºC adalah 40,72ºC s/d 264,65ºC, dan 38,92ºC s/d 264,45ºC serta 38,36ºC s/d 264,05ºC. Lemari pengasap ikan dengan sudut atap berbeda dengan perhitungan yang dihasilakan maka disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar sudut atap lemari pengasap ikan maka temperature didalam ruang pengasap semakin kecil. Distribusi temperatur didalam ruang pengasap ikan secara vertical pada bagian tengah menunjukkan temperatur lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada bagian yang mendekati lapis batas secara vertical
PENGARUH FORTIFIKASI JENIS IKAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP TINGKAT KESUKAAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIK MI BASAH
Authors: Valentina Adelia , Masirah Masirah , Lailatussifa Radipta 
Published: November 2022

Mi merupakan salah satu produk pangan yang populer dan disukai oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat di Indonesia. Kandungan mi pada umumnya memiliki karbohidrat yang tinggi, rendah lemak, dan kandungan protein rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kadar protein dilakukan fortifikasi dengan penambahan ikan dalam bentuk tepung. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan dan karakteristik fisik mi basah yang difortifikasi dengan jenis ikan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu tanpa penambahan ikan sebagai kontrol, penambahan tepung ikan lele, tepung ikan gurame dan tepung ikan patin. Konsentrasi tepung ikan yang ditambahkan yaitu 15%. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada mi basah meliputi uji organoleptik yaitu aroma, warna, tekstur dan rasa. Sedangkan uji fisik meliputi uji benda asing dan dayaserap air (DSA). Penambahan jenis tepung ikan yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kesukaan aroma, warna, tekstur dan rasa mi basah yang dihasilkan. Pada uji fisik DSA (daya serap air) menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada uji fisik benda asing tidak menunjukkan adanya benda asing seperti pasir, tanah atau debu pada mi basah. Penambahan tepung ikan menghasilkan nilai DSA rata-rata 110%, sedangkan pada kontrol daya serap air pada mi ikan sebesar 80%.
ANALISIS POTENSI PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR NABATI E10, E30 DAN E50 PADA MOTOR BENSIN 9 HP SEBAGAI PENGGERAK MOTOR BOAT KETINTING
Authors: Nugroho Faizin Adi , Jibril Ahmad , Supriyanto Teguh 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTthe purpose of this research was to obtain the mixture performance of bioethanol and premium compared with Pertamax to power (P), torque (T), fuel consumption rate (mf), specific fuel consumption (sfc), and average effective pressure (mep) on a 9 HP gasoline engine and examined the blend performance of bioethanol-premium which is find out to gain or equivalent to Pertamax. This type of research is experimental research. The initial fuel used is P (Pure Pertamax), E-10 (10% Bioethanol and 90% Premium), E-30 (30% Bioethanol and 70% Premium), and E-50 (50% Bioethanol and 50% Premium). Data analysis used descriptive analysis, which describes the numerical data obtained from experimental testing and formula calculations. Results of this study showed that E30 was closest to Pertamax performance comparing to other fuels, and is even superior in terms of MF and SFC. Proved by stability torque from 2000-3500 rpm and more superior from Pertamax at 2000-2500 rpm, that difference value with in 0.655 and 0.065 Nm. The power of E30 was closest to Pertamax performance at 3500 rpm with in difference value of 0.11 KW. As well as had the lowest rate of fuel consumption rate (mf), most lowest specific fuel consumption (sfc), and the average effective pressure (mep) that closest to Pertamax performance at 2500 rpm, within difference of 57.69 kPa from all types of the fuel was examined. Keywords: Bioethanol, Gasoline Engine, Engine Performance ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh performa perbandingan campuran bioetanol dengan premium dibandingkan Pertamax terhadap daya (P), torsi (T), laju konsumsi bahan bakar (mf), konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik (sfc), tekanan efektif rata-rata (mep) pada motor bensin 9 HP dan meneliti performa campuran antara bioetanol-premium yang mendekati atau setara dengan performa pertamax. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah P (Pertamax murni), E-10 (10% Bioethanol dan 90% Premium), E-30 (30% Bioethanol dan 70% premium), dan E-50 (50% Bioethanol dan 50% Premium). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif yaitu mendeskripsikan data numeric yang diperoleh dari pengujian eksperimen dan perhitungan rumus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan biopremium E30 paling mendekati pertamax dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar lain bahkan lebih unggul dari segi mf dan sfc. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan torsi yang paling stabil dari rpm 2000-3500 dan lebih unggul dari pertamax pada rpm 2000-2500, selisih 0,655 dan 0,065 Nm. Daya paling mendekati pertamax pada rpm 3500 dengan selisih 0,11 KW. Laju konsumsi bahan bakar terendah dari keempat jenis bahan bakar. Konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik terendah dari keempat jenis bahan bakar. Dan tekanan efektif rata-rata paling mendekati pertamax pada rpm 2500, dengan selisih 57,69 kPa. Kata Kunci : Bioethanol, Motor Bensin, Performa mesin
Energy Efficiency Metrics in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Hollistic Overview
Authors: Orumwense Efe Francis , Afullo Thomas J , Srivastava Viranjay M 
Published: November 2022

Due to the explosive progression in the number of users for new generation wireless communication networks which includes cognitive radio networks, energy efficiency has been a fundamental factor affecting its development and performance. In order to adeptly access and analyze the energy efficiency of a cognitive radio network, a standardized metric for this purpose is required. As a starting point, in this article we provided an analysis for energy efficiency metrics of a cognitive radio network in respect to its design and operation. The performance metrics and metrics developed at the different levels of a cognitive radio network are also studied. Establishing a comprehensive metric for evaluating, measuring and reporting the energy efficiency of cognitive radio networks is a crucial step in achieving an energy-efficient cognitive radio network.
Gempa Nusantara: A Database of 7380 Macroseismic Observations for 1200 Historical Earthquakes in Indonesia from 1546 to 1950
Authors: Martin Stacey S. , Cummins Phil R. , Meltzner Aron J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new database called Gempa Nusantara, which is a collection of 7380 macroseismic observations for 1200 historical earthquakes in Indonesia between 1546 and 1950 C.E. using the European Macroseismic Scale (1998). Scrutinizing preserved original, first-hand, private, and official documentation from the colonial period in Indonesia, we could examine the completeness of this written record based on the gradual expansion of European influence in the Indonesian Archipelago. As the largest database of uniformly assessed macroseismic intensities ever assembled for Indonesia, our database can correct errors and fill gaps in other contemporary studies of historical Indonesian earthquakes, as well as paleoseismic studies such as the coral paleogeodetic record from Sumatra. Remarkably, given the presence of several major active faults, conclusive evidence of coseismic surface ruptures during the colonial period was limited to just two events in 1909 and 1933. Our reliance on original materials also allowed us to document extreme coseismic ground failure in Sumatra in 1936 with striking similarities to those observed on Sulawesi in 2018. From the perspective of seismic hazard in a rapidly urbanizing nation, we show that the frequencies of observed intensities over the duration of our database correspond with modern seismic hazard curves from recent publications by other authors for 12 Indonesian cities, including Jakarta, with some notable exceptions such as Ambon and Yogyakarta. In summary, our work on Gempa Nusantara demonstrates how a carefully vetted and well-documented historical record not only compliments studies of seismic hazard but is also itself an important standalone tool for the study of earthquake hazards in Indonesia.
INFLUENCE OF GRAPHITE FILM THICKNESS ON ELECTRICAL AND PHOTOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE/n-Si SCHOTTKY-TYPE HETEROJUNCTION
Authors: Kuryshchuk S. I. , Mostovyi A. I. , Koziarskyi I. P. , Solovan M. M. 
Published: November 2022

Graphite /n-Si Schottky diodes were fabricated by electron beam evaporation of graphite thin films on n-type silicon substrates. The influence of the thickness of graphite films on the photoelectric and electrical properties of these diodes has been studied. It is determined that our Schottky diodes can be used as photodiodes and solar cells. The temperature dependences of shunt and series resistances of diodes were also investigated.
In the case of forward and reverse bias, the dominant mechanisms of current transfer through the studied diodes were determined. The responsivity and detectivity of graphite/n-Si Schottky diodes were also calculated.
The studied heterojunctions have pronounced diode characteristics with a rectification coefficient for a structure with a thinner film RR ≈ 5·102, and for a structure with a thicker film RR ≈ 102.
DOUBLE Ge(IV)-Co(ІІ) COMPLEXES WITH 1-HYDROXYETHYLIDENEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID AND 2,2-BIPYRIDINE
Authors: Martsinko O.E. , Seifullina I.I. 
Published: November 2022

The novel developed synthesis methods allowed to obtain three Ge(IV)-Co(II) coordination compounds with 1- hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid and 2,2`-bipyridine [{Co(bipy)3}2{Co(bipy)(H2O)4}2][{Ge(μ-OH)(μ-hedp)}6Cl2]∙2H2O (1), [Co(bipy)3]4[{Ge(μ-OH)(μ-hedp)}6Cl2]∙30H2O (2), [Co(bipy)3]3[{Ge(μ-OH)(μ-hedp)}6]⋅20Н2О⋅2CH3COOH (3). Complexes are characterized by the methods of elemental analysis, IR-, Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. All absorption bands presented in the IR-spectra of compounds 1-3 are highlighted in the Table 2. Absorption bands of the P-O bond are detected at ~1053 and ~970 сm-1, that indicates the presence of the fully deprotonated PO32- groups in the composition of complexes. Furthermore, n(OH), ν(Ge–Ophosph), d(Ge–OH) bands characteristic for all the previously synthesized compounds with [Ge6(m-OH)6(m-hedp)6]6-anion is detected in the IR spectra of 1-3. Presence of the crystal water molecules is confirmed by the ν(OH) at 3400 сm-1. A set of the bands usual for the aromatic molecules (n(C–Harom), n(C–Carom), das(CH3), ds(CH3), n(С–N)) is assigned with 2,2`-bipyridine in the structure of all compounds. A special feature of the IR-spectra of 1 is presence of COOH absorption band at 1700 сm-1, that indicates the location of solvated acetic acid. Complex 1 also contains coordination water molecules, confirmed by the d(H2O) at 1642 сm-1 in its IR-spectrum. Absorption bands of Co–N and Со-О bonds evidence that 2,2`-bipyridine and H2O molecules are coordinated to the cobalt atom. Thermal decomposition of 1-3 differs a lot. Variable interval and temperature of the first endoeffect is explained by the different nature of water in them – crystal (1-3) and coordinated (1). In the diffuse reflection spectra of compounds 1-3, two bands corresponding to the following transitions are observed: 4T1g(F)→ 4T2g (1 – 7250, 2 – 7100, 3 – 7300 сm-1), 4T1g(F)→ 4T1g(P) (1 – 13800, 2 – 14200, 3 – 14000 сm-1). Such results confirm an octahedral configuration of cobalt atom. There was also established, how composition and structure of the synthesized compounds depend from the molar ratio of the reagents and anion of the initial Co(II) salt (chloride, acetate).