bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Being certain about uncertainties: A robust evaluation method for high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy treatment plans including the combination of uncertainties
Authors: Kennedy Andrew Christopher , Douglass Michael J. J. , Santos Alexandre M. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy the combined effect of uncertainties cause a range of possible dose distributions deviating from the nominal plan, and which are not considered during treatment plan evaluation. This could lead to dosimetric misses for critical structures and overdosing of organs at risk. A robust evaluation method to assess the combination of uncertainties during plan evaluation is presented and demonstrated on one HDR prostate ultrasound treatment plan retrospectively. A range of uncertainty scenarios are simulated by changing six parameters in the nominal plan and calculating the corresponding dose distribution. Two methods are employed to change the parameters, a probabilistic approach using random number sampling to evaluate the likelihood of variation in dose distributions, and a combination of the most extreme possible values to access the worst-case dosimetric outcomes. One thousand probabilistic scenarios were run on the single treatment plan with 19.0% of scenarios passing all eight clinical objectives. The prostate D90 had a standard deviation of 4.7%, with the worst case decreasing the dose by up to 27.6%. The urethra D10 was up to 38% higher than planned in the worst case. All DVH metrics in the probabilistic scenarios were found to be within acceptable clinical constraints for the plan under statistical tests for significance. The clinical significance of the results from the robust evaluation method presented on any individual treatment plan needs to be compared in the context of a historical data set that contains patient outcomes with robustness analysis data to ascertain a baseline acceptance.
Study on the effect of vertical control on the changes in the upper airway size and tongue and hyoid position in adult patients with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II
Authors: Liu Yining , Chen Wenyuanfeng , Zhang Guorui , Zhang Xinzhu , Zhang Kunwu , Li Duhong , Cao Baocheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the effect of vertical control therapy on the size of the upper airway and position of the tongue and hyoid bone in adult patients with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II.
Methods
Overall, 15 adults with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II and normal occlusion, respectively, were selected as the experimental and control groups. The angle and line of the craniofacial structure, upper airway, and hyoid bone position were measured using the Uceph 4.2.1 standard version software. The three-dimensional (3D) upper airway index was measured using Mimics 21.0. The paired t-test, Wilcoxon symbol rank test of two related samples, t-test of two independent samples, two independent sample nonparametric tests, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed, and the statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.
Results
After treatment, the S-Go/N-Me (%) and the MP-SN and XiPm-SN angles were significantly different (P༜0.01). The U-MPW and PAS significantly increased (P < 0.05), sagittal diameter L2 increased significantly, and transverse diameter L2 decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Although no significant correlation was observed between the vertical change in the jaw and that in U-MPW and PAS, the sagittal diameter L2 showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences between the Hv and sagittal diameter L1 (P < 0.05) were observed before and after treatment.
Conclusions
After the vertical control therapy in patients with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II, the sagittal size in the two-dimensional region near the mandible increased significantly. However, the 3D indices of the upper airway and the positions of the tongue and hyoid bone did not change significantly, but the upper airway only underwent adaptive changes during treatment. Furthermore, compared with normal occlusion, the velopharyngeal segment airway of patients with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II remains narrow and long after treatment.
The Way Toward Growth: A Time-series Factor Decomposition of Socioeconomic Impulses and Urbanization Trends in a Pre-crisis European Region
Authors: Giacalone Massimiliano , Turco Rosario , Mosconi Enrico Maria , Salvati Luca 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study investigates long-term urbanization and suburbanization trends - and the consequent impact on economic expansion and social change - in a divided region of Mediterranean Europe (Attica, Greece) by performing a time series (1965–2008) dynamic factor analysis of 14 socioeconomic indicators that reflect different aspects of metropolitan growth. Attica was partitioned in two spatial domains, the ‘Greater Athens’ area (hereafter the ‘core’ district) and the rest of the region (hereafter the ‘ring’ district) with the aim at quantifying the (possible bi-directional) spatio-temporal propagation of socioeconomic impulses to metropolitan growth. The exploratory scheme, integrating Multi-way Factor Analysis (MFA) with Continuous Wavelength Transform (CWT) and rapidity-of-change metrics grounded on complex thinking, delineates latent mechanisms of urban expansion, indicating substantial divergences in the development path of the two districts. While the ‘core’ district experienced population increase and settlement densification, the ‘ring’ district underwent a suburbanization process resulting in a moderate – and slower – concentration of economic functions. Reflecting – at least in part – growth impulses’ propagation from urban to rural areas, the economic interplay between ‘core’ and ‘ring’ areas delineates a complex development path accelerating spatial polarization in central and peripheral locations. Our results definitely highlight the importance of ‘system thinking’ in regional studies and applied economics.
Therapeutic Role and Potential Mechanism of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao) in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis – Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Jiang Huanyu , Zhou Rui , An Liping , Guo Junfeng , Hou Xinhui , Tang Jiao , Wang Fei , Du Quanyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic disease with unclear etiology and no effective treatment. This study aims to reveal the pathogenetic mechanism networks of multiple targets and pathways of IPF. Extract and metabolites of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Radix paeoniae rubra (RPR), two well-known traditional Chinese medicine have been proven to be effective in IPF. However, the underlying mechanisms of AM and RPR in remain unclear. Based on network pharmacology analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of IPF were obtained from the GEO database. Targets of Astragalus membranaceus and Radix paeoniae rubra were identified using TCM Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and SwissTargetPrediction. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built and analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed using Metascape. Further, a component-target-pathway network and a Sankey diagram were used to obtain main active components and molecular docking was performed between the key active components and proteins encoded by key targets. Finally, in vivo studies were carried out based on network pharmacology. 117 common targets between DEGs of IPF and targets of drugs were screened out and included in the PPI network, in which AKT1, MAPK3, HSP90AA1, VEGFA, CASP3, JUN, HIF1A, CCND1,PTSG2 and MDM2 were predicted as the key targets. 117 targets were enriched in PI3K-AKT pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis and MicroRNAs in cancer. Astragaloside III, (R)-Isomucronulatol, Astragaloside I, Paeoniflorin and β-sitosterol were selected as the main active components. The docking scores ranged from − 4.7 kcal/mol to -10.7 kcal/mol, showing a good binding affinity between main active compounds and key targets. In vivo studies indicated that AM and RPR ameliorated pathological lung fibrotic damage caused by bleomycin and reduced mRNA level of AKT1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, MAPK3 and VEGFA. In conclusion, this study identified AM and RPR as potential therapeutic agents for IPF via regulating AKT1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, MAPK3 and VEGFA.
Inner filter effect mediated fluorescence properties as a tool to monitor the quantity of grape-must caramel in balsamic vinegar
Authors: Shamsi Ehsan , Khalilabadi Fatemeh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
E-150d caramel, known as grape-must caramel in the vinegar industry, may be added legally and without restriction to balsamic vinegar to improve the final color. Although its quantification in vinegar was studied with other techniques, a straightforward and quick method is lacking. Hence, the inner filter effect (IFE) was proposed to be mediated by concentration-dependent Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) intensity and could be used to quantify caramel in balsamic vinegar.
A novel azo compound derived from ethyl-4-amino benzoate: synthesis, nonlinear optical properties and DFT investigations
Authors: Hassan Qusay M.A. , Al-Asadi Rafid H. , Sultan H. A. , Abdullmajed Hasanain A. , Ali Asaad A. , Emshary C. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel azo dye compound, Ethyl (E)-4-((5-hydroxy-3,4-bis(hydroxyl methyl)-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)diazenyl)benzoate (EAB), have been synthesized by the coupling reaction and characterized by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, Mass, and UV-visible spectroscopies. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the EAB compound via the finding of the nonlinear refractive index (NRI) using continuous wave (cw), low power 473 nm, TEM00 mode laser beam have been studied via the diffraction patterns (DPs) and the Z-scan. Effect of power input of the laser beam, types of beam wavefront and temporal variation of the DPs are discussed. The all-optical switching (AOS) using two laser beams is proved to occur in this compound.
Transfer Learning Application of Self-supervised Learning in ARPES
Authors: Ekahana Sandy Adhitia , Winata Genta Indra , Soh Yona , Aeppli Gabriel , Radovic Milan , Shi Ming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent development in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) technique involves spatially resolving samples while maintaining the high-resolution feature of momentum space. This development easily expands the data size and its complexity for data analysis, where one of it is to label similar dispersion cuts and map them spatially. In this work, we demonstrate that the recent development in representational learning (self-supervised learning) model combined with k-means clustering can help automate that part of data analysis and save precious time, albeit with low performance. Finally, we introduce a few-shot learning (k-nearest neighbour or kNN) in representational space where we selectively choose one (k=1) image reference for each known label and subsequently label the rest of the data with respect to the nearest reference image. This last approach demonstrates the strength of the self-supervised learning to automate the image analysis in ARPES in particular and can be generalized into any science data analysis that heavily involves image data.
Fractionation of fish waste oil through low-temperature crystallization in acetone followed by urea complexation
Authors: Rastegari Hajar , Espootin Simin , Ghaziaskar Hassan S. , Yatim Norhafiza Ilyana , Ali Nora’aini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fatty acids fractionation has enabled the introduction of many fatty acids into new food/feed applications. Yet, a simple, efficient, and low-cost process to separate biomass oily feedstocks into valuable fatty acids fractions remains a challenge. Herein, a new, efficient, and simple fractionation method is developed to obtain enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids fraction from fish waste oil using acetone for crystallization at low-temperature followed by urea complexation. This method obtained two fractions, one enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the other enriched in saturated fatty acids. The fraction enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids contained oleic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids with mass percentages of 58, 20, and 22%, respectively. While the fraction enriched in saturated fatty acids contained 78, 12, 5, and 5 wt.% palmitic, myristic, oleic, and stearic acids. The solvent was recovered from the liquid phase with an efficiency of 80% and reutilization of it obtained almost identical results.
Sensitive and Specific Analysis of Two Banned Phenyl Xanthene Dyes in Bottled Chili Sauce by High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Ali Hazim M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The risk of human exposure to phenylxanthene dyes is widely documented. Preliminary analysis of bottled chili sauce samples revealed the presence of two banned phenyl xanthene dyes (rhodamine B and eosin Y). Therefore, a simple, specific, and sensitive approach was implemented for the simultaneous estimation of rhodamine B (RhB) and eosin Y (EsY) in bottled chili sauce. The first high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) was used for the simultaneous estimation of RhB and EsY, based on their native fluorescence. In addition, to overcome the difference in the excitation and emission wavelengths between the two dyes and maintain their sensitivity, a zero-order emission mode was selected in the fluorescence detector (FLD) unit. The excitation wavelength was adapted at 530 nm in mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in ultrapure water (A) and methanol (B) at ratio of 30:70 v/v). Furthermore, using the Sep-Pak® C18 cartridge for solid-phase extraction method, interference from the chili sauce matrix was eliminated. Under the optimum condition, a linear calibration graphs in the range of 0.5- 300 and 0.5- 300 of RhB and EsY with r = 0.9994 and 0.9991, respectively were acquired. The limits of detection for RhB and EsY were 0.344 ng/mL (0.355 ng/g) and 0.215 ng/mL (0.222 ng/g), respectively. The recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of two analytes were obtained in the range of 98.38-101.86% and 0.83-1.66 % respectively. According to the results, the presented method offers specificity, convenience and sufficient sensitivity for the simultaneous estimation of RhB and EsY in wide variety of food matrices.
Antimicrobial resistance genes of fermented red pepper (FRP) related food in a large-scale environment: distribution pattern and risk assessment
Authors: Li Zhihua , Zhao Chi , Dong Ling , Zhang Fengju , Chen Yaxi , Zhou PingPing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are rapidly increasing numbers of difficult-to-treat infections and have been taken as a severe global health threat, which is estimated that the number of approximately 700,000 annual deaths and will exceed 10 million deaths per year by 2050 due to ARGs. Recently, ARGs involved in fermented foods have been taken more attention due to the spread of ARGs throughout the food chain. As well known, fermented red pepper (FRP) foods have been consumed widely as their unique flavor and health beneficial effects. However, knowledge gaps are still in the risk assessment of FRPs and their dissemination patterns on a large scale, which limited the development of effective methods to control and monitor the ARGs in fermented food. Here, a combination of read- and assembly-based whole genome sequencing methods as well as amplicon sequences analysis was used to investigate and reveal the ARGs dissemination patterns and risk assessment in FRPs related foods on a large-scale metagenomic data.
Results
65.38% of FRP samples contained high-risk ARGs need to be concerned. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was the highest abundant type. On average, tetL and tetracycline resistance protein account for 81.8%, followed by multidrug (7.5%), beta-lactam (5.5%), colistin (1.5%), aminoglycoside (1.1%), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (1.1%) in the highest risk level, and the corresponding host range crossed from genus to bacteria indicating high mobility. Bacillus, Enterobacter, and Pantoea were the predominant host of carrying ARGs, which involved three major classes of resistance mechanism, that is, antibiotic efflux, antibiotic inactivation, and antibiotic target alteration. In addition, various ARGs and virulence factors with significant positive or negative relationships have been revealed.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated various ARGs were present in FRPs and high-risk ARGs such as tetL, tetracycline resistance protein, multidrug, beta-lactam, colistin, aminoglycoside, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin has high mobility from genus to bacteria, which were significantly positively or negatively related to virulence factors. These results not only pave a way for understanding distribution patterns of ARGs in FRP foods on a large scale but also provide valuable knowledge to monitor and mitigate the ARGs.
Value of Central Review of RECIST v1.1 Outcomes in the AGITG INTEGRATE randomised phase 2 international trial for advanced oesophago-gastric cancer
Authors: Sjoquist Katrin M. , Martin Andrew , Pavlakis Nick , Goldstein David , Tsobanis Eric , Moses Daniel , Maher Richard , Hague Wendy , Gebski Val , Stockler Martin R. , Simes R. John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Activity estimates should be accurately evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials to ensure appropriate decisions about proceeding to phase 3 trials. RECIST v1.1. progression-free survival (PFS) is a common endpoint in oncology; however, it can be influenced by assessment criteria and trial design. We assessed the value of central adjudication of investigator-assessed PFS times of participants in a double-blind, randomised phase 2 trial evaluating regorafenib versus placebo in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer (AGITG INTEGRATE) to inform plans for central review in future trials.
Methods
We calculated the proportion of participants with a disagreement between the site investigator assessment and blinded independent central review and in whom central review resulted in a change, then evaluated the effect of central review on study conclusions by comparing hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS based on site review versus central review. Post-progression unblinding was assessed with similar methods. Simulation studies explored the effect of differential and non-differential measurement error on treatment effect estimation and study power.
Results
Disagreements between site assessments versus central review occurred in 8/147 (5.4%) participants, 5 resulting in amended date of progression (3.4%). PFS HRs (sites vs central review progression dates) were similar (0.39 vs 0.40). RECIST progression occurred in 82/86 (95%) of cases where post-progression unblinding was requested by the site investigator.
Conclusions
Blinded independent central review was feasible and supported the reliability of site assessments, trial results, and conclusions. Modelling showed that when treatment effects were large and outcome assessments blinded, central review was unlikely to affect conclusions.
A dansyl-based fluorescent probe for turn-off and turn-on detection of Hg 2+ in a full water system
Authors: Sha Chunming , Li Zhengkun , Lu Shengzhou , Hu Xiaolong , Xu Dongmei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A dasnyl-based fluorescent probe, 2-((5-dimethylamino)naphthalene-1- sulfonamido)acetic acid (DNSG), was synthesized from dansyl chloride and glycine. In HEPES buffer (20 mM, pH 6.7), DNSG could detect Hg2+ by fluorescence quenching. The maximal fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship with the Hg2+ concentration (0 ~ 80 µM). The detection limit was 0.33 µM. With the help of silk fibroin (0.076 g/L), DNSG could detect Hg2+ by fluorescence enhancement and blueshift. The linear concentration range for Hg2+ was 0 ~ 160 µM with a detection limit of 0.81 µM. DNSG could detect Hg2+ quickly and reversibly with excellent anti-interference ability and further could assay environmental water sample efficiently. The sensing mechanism was examined by Job’s plot, mass spectrum and 1H NMR analysis.
Effect of alternative protein blends on Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) fingerlings’ growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics
Authors: Ronke Edem Bunmi , Oluwayemisi Adeparusi Eunice 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate blends of alternative protein sources (gliricidia and moringa leaves) in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Five experimental diets containing 30% crude protein were formulated as fishmeal/soybean (FMS, control), fishmeal/moringa(FMM), fishmeal/gliricidia (FMG), fishmeal/soybean/moringa (FSM) and fishmeal/soybean/gliricidia (FSG) and fed to O. niloticus fingerlings for 10 weeks. A total of 150 fingerlings were distributed into 15 tanks in triplicates with 10 fish per tank. The findings showed fish given diets FMS, FMM, and FMG had similar weight gains, while fish fed diet FSM experienced weight gains that were significantly different (P < 0.05) from other experimental fish. However, the experimental fish's specific growth rate (SGR) and f protein efficiency ratio (PER) value did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Fish fed diet FSG had a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.12 ± 0.01, while fish fed diet FMG had an FCR of 1.23 ± 0.02. Experimental fish's carcass protein, ash and fat contents varied significantly. This study's findings showed that Nile tilapia utilized the experimental diets effectively and could be supplemented with fishmeal.
Design and simulation of a semiconductor detector-based Compton imaging system with efficiency analysis
Authors: niknami mostafa , Hosseini Seyed Abolfazl , Loushab Mahdy Ebrahimi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compton cameras have become widespread in recent years because it uses electronic collimators. One or more scatterer detectors and an absorber detector make up the Compton camera, which is sensitive to the energy and location of scattered gamma rays. It predicts the distribution of gamma-ray sources by reflecting all valid events in the image space using conical surfaces. Compton cameras are designed for specific applications and image reconstruction using various methods. Based on studies of the efficiency of the Compton camera, the current work provides a novel detector design that includes scatterer and absorber detectors. The Compton imaging system is simulated using the GEANT4 toolkit. In addition, this research uses an analytical method to reconstruct the Compton camera image. The method used for analytical reconstruction in the Compton imaging system differs slightly from the simple restoration methods used in other imaging systems. In the analytical method, the equation related to the data reflected by the image must be solved to reconstruct the image directly. In this method, C + + code required development to reconstruct images using the Compton camera. According to the results, using the analytical method to identify the best circumstances and the parameters impacting efficiency, the value of FWHM achieved was 3.7 mm with an angular uncertainty of about 2.7 at an energy of 0.662 MeV. Furthermore, the value of FWHM was decreased by 0.7 mm, compared to another (experimental) design that employed the analytical image reconstruction approach.