bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urethral Stents. Indications, Complications and Adverse Effects
Authors: de Graaf Petra , Yachia Daniel , Soria Federico , Rako Duje 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUrethral stents have been used for decades. Although this relatively low invasive treatment gave good results in the beginning, later revealed recurrence of the obstruction and serious adverse effect. In this chapter we provide an overview of the introduction of urethral stents in clinical practice and review the literature on studies using stents to relieve obstruction in the male urethra caused by benign and malignant prostatic enlargement or urethral stricture disease in the human adult male population.For this book chapter we screened the Embase and PubMed databases for publications on stents used in the urethra. We excluded papers on stents elsewhere in the urinary system, including the bladder neck. The primary endpoint was cause and rate of complications and secondary endpoint was patency rate. After careful selection 118 publications were included in this review.Stenting of the urethra, including the prostatic urethra, is prone to adverse effects including dislocation of the stent, dysuria, recurrence of obstruction, urinary incontinence, encrustation and patient discomfort. For urethral stricture disease, open urethral reconstruction is the treatment of choice, for prostate hyperplasia, surgical intervention [e.g. TURP] or pharmaceutical treatment are preferred over stenting. However, patients unfit for this major open surgery, may still benefit from urethral stenting as palliative solution. With this important patient population, research must continue for a better biocompatible stent.
Neutrino bound states and bound systems
Authors: Smirnov Alexei Yu. , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yukawa interactions of neutrinos with a new light scalar boson ϕ can lead to formation of stable bound states and bound systems of many neutrinos (ν-clusters). For allowed values of the coupling y and the scalar mass mϕ, the bound state of two neutrinos would have the size larger than 1012 cm. Bound states with sub-cm sizes are possible for keV scale sterile neutrinos with coupling y > 10−4. For ν-clusters we study in detail the properties of final stable configurations. If there is an efficient cooling mechanism, these configurations are in the state of degenerate Fermi gas. We formulate and solve equations of the density distributions in ν-clusters. In the non-relativistic case, they are reduced to the Lane-Emden equation. We find that (i) stable configurations exist for any number of neutrinos, N; (ii) there is a maximal central density ∼ 109 cm−3 determined by the neutrino mass; (iii) for a given mϕ there is a minimal value of Ny3 for which stable configurations can be formed; (iv) for a given strength of interaction, Sϕ = (ymν/mϕ)2, the minimal radius of ν-clusters exists. We discuss the formation of ν-clusters from relic neutrino background in the process of expansion and cooling of the Universe. One possibility realized for Sϕ > 700 is the development of instabilities in the ν-background at T < mν which leads to its fragmentation. For Sϕ ∈ [70, 700]) they might be formed via the growth of initial density perturbations in the ν-background and virialiazation, in analogy with the formation of Dark Matter halos. For allowed values of y, cooling of ν-clusters due to ϕ-bremsstrahlung and neutrino annihilation is negligible. The sizes of ν-clusters may range from ∼ km to ∼ 5 Mpc.
Nonperturbative test of the Maldacena-Milekhin conjecture for the BMN matrix model
Authors: Pateloudis Stratos , Bergner Georg , Bodendorfer Norbert , Hanada Masanori , Rinaldi Enrico , Schäfer Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We test a conjecture by Maldacena and Milekhin for the ungauged version of the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) matrix model by lattice Monte Carlo simulation. The numerical results reproduce the perturbative and gravity results in the limit of large and small flux parameter, respectively, and are consistent with the conjecture.
Efficacy and toxicity of hydroxyurea in mast cell activation syndrome patients refractory to standard medical therapy: retrospective case series
Authors: Weinstock Leonard B. , Brook Jill B. , Molderings Gerhard J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Determine efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of hydroxyurea (HU) in mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) patients who were refractory to standard medical therapy. An electronic chart review was performed to find MCAS patients who received HU in a MCAS medical practice. Diagnosis of MCAS was established on the basis of mast cell (MC) activation symptoms in ≥ 5 systems plus ≥ 1 abnormal MC mediators and/or ≥ 20 MC/high power field on duodenal biopsies. Medicines not providing significant clinical improvement prior to HU were tabulated. The following symptoms were evaluated by patients on a 0–10 scale prior to and at the study conclusion: bone pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and nausea. Safety labs were obtained on a regular basis. Twenty out of three hundred ten (8.4%) MCAS patients received HU. Patients included 22 females, average age 42.4 years. Dysautonomia was present in 60%. An average of 10.6 (SD 1.7, range 8–13) medications were used prior to adding HU to various concomitant medications. Average dose of HU was 634 mg. In 20 patients who continued therapy for ≥ 2 months, there was statistically significant reduction of bone pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and nausea. Fourteen patients noted prolonged success with therapy. Six patients stopped HU within 6 weeks owing to AEs. Four patients treated ≥ 2 months had AEs and 2 led to HU cessation. All AEs were reversible. Refractory MCAS patients showed clear significant improvement in bone pain and gastrointestinal symptoms on HU. Systematic monitoring was effective in preventing the occurrence of severe HU-induced adverse events.
Obstetric fractures in caesarean delivery and risk factors as evaluated by paediatric surgeons
Authors: Ulici Alexandru , Herdea Alexandru , Dragomirescu Mihai-Codrut , Lungu Claudiu N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obstetric fractures usually occur after complicated births and are sent to paediatric orthopaedics for treatment and follow-up. Clavicle fractures represent the most common orthopaedic birth injury, involving approximately 0.2 to 3.5% of births.

Hypotheses
Caesarean delivery, elective or necessary, along with the type of presentation, may play a determinant role in the aetiology of obstetric fractures.

Materials and methods
We chose to do a retrospective study to determine possible risk factors for this type of injury that may manifest in either delivery. Our aim was to deepen our knowledge in order to have a better prediction and a better management of this condition. Data gathered included parity, gestity, type of delivery, presentation, shoulder dystocia, type of fracture, birth weight, and APGAR score.

Results
We followed 136 patients that were diagnosed with Allman type I clavicle fracture, 32 of them also having brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) type 1 (Duchenne-Erb). Natural birth with a pelvic presentation imposes a relative risk of 6.2 of associated pathology compared to cranial presentation. Caesarean delivery and cranial presentation increase the risk of related pathology by 5.04 compared to natural birth. Statistically, pelvic presentation is 5.54 times more likely to develop related pathology than cranial presentation. Type of delivery and presentation correlate with associated pathology of clavicle fractures.

Discussion and conclusion
Caesarean delivery brings risks for the newborn and should be practiced only when necessary. Predictive modeling in obstetrics in third-trimester evaluations may statistically predict risks of birth complications like fracture and BPBP.
Characterization of a pulsed, supersonic gas jet by absorption of high-order harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range
Authors: Hagmeister Bastian , Hemmers Dirk , Pretzler Georg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a method for determining the temporal and spatial evolution of a gas jet generated by a pulsed nozzle using high-order harmonics of a titanium–sapphire laser. This radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range (17–40 nm) is transmitted through the gas jet and becomes partially absorbed depending on its wavelength and the gas density. If the absorption in this spectral range shows a sufficiently strong dependence on the wavelength, as is the case for many gases including the noble gases argon, neon, and helium, it is possible to select a proper harmonic exhibiting an absorption strong enough to generate a detectable decrease of the transmitted light but still weak enough to allow a significant amount of radiation to be transmitted through the gas jet. In the case of radial symmetry the density profile can be reconstructed by means of the Abel inversion. We show that this method allows for the determination of argon neutral densities as low as $$10^{17}$$

10
17

cm$$^{-3}$$

-
3

and is also suited for other gases, such as neon and helium.
Patients’ perspectives on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to cancer care and social contacts in Sweden and the UK: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Edlund Karolina , Dahlström Lisen Arnheim , Ekström Anna Mia , van der Kop Mia L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to determine whether there was a difference in access to cancer-related healthcare between people living in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also describe how the pandemic affected social contact of patients undergoing treatment.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used survey data collected through the War on Cancer mobile phone application between September 5, 2020, and January 6, 2021. We included individuals with cancer diagnoses living in Sweden or the UK. The association between difficulty accessing cancer-related healthcare and country was examined using logistic regression. Frequencies were used to describe the effect of the pandemic on social contact.

Results
Of 491 individuals included in the study, 183 were living in the UK and 308 in Sweden. Living in the UK was associated with greater difficulty accessing cancer-related healthcare (n = 99/183, 54.1%) than living in Sweden (n = 100/308, 32.5%) (odds ratio 2.12, 95% CI 1.39–3.23, p < 0.001). The pandemic affected social contact for almost all patients (n = 218/238, 91.6%) undergoing treatment.

Conclusion
This study highlights the differential impact that the pandemic may have had on patients’ access to cancer-related care in the UK and Sweden. In both countries, the pandemic overwhelmingly affected social contact of individuals undergoing cancer treatment. New ways must be found to improve access to cancer-related care and reduce social isolation for patients with cancer during a pandemic.
The social predictors of paternal antenatal mental health and their associations with maternal mental health in the Queensland Family Cohort prospective study
Authors: Dixson Barnaby J. W. , Borg Danielle , Rae Kym M. , Whittingha Koa , Gannon Brenda , McPhail Steven M. , Carter Hannah E. , Moritz Karen M. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Bora Samudragupta , Kumar Sailesh , Frater Julanne , Schweitzer Daniel , Miller Paul , Mehter Divya , Clifton Vicki L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Antenatal depression (AND) affects 1 in 10 fathers, potentially negatively impacting maternal mental health and well-being during and after the transition to parenthood. However, few studies have assessed the social predictors of paternal AND or their possible associations with maternal mental health. We analysed data from 180 couples participating in the Queensland Family Cohort longitudinal study. Both parents completed surveys measuring mental health, relationship quality, social support, and sleep quality at 24 weeks of pregnancy. Mothers also completed the same surveys 6 weeks’ postpartum. Antenatal depression, stress, and anxiety were highest among fathers reporting lower social support and higher sleep impairment. Maternal AND, stress, and anxiety were higher among mothers reporting higher physical pain and poor sleep quality. Postnatally, mothers reporting lower social support also reported higher depression, anxiety, stress, and psycho-social well-being. While there were no significant associations between AND among fathers and maternal antenatal or postnatal depression, an exploratory analysis revealed that mothers whose partners reported lower antenatal social support also reported lower postnatal social support and higher postnatal depression. Our findings highlight the importance of including data among fathers to achieve a whole family approach to well-being during the transition to parenthood.
DoWTS – Denial-of-Wallet Test Simulator: Synthetic data generation for preemptive defence
Authors: Kelly Daniel , Glavin Frank G , Barrett Enda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe intentional targeting of components in a cloud based application, in order to artificially inflate usage bills, is an issue application owners have faced for many years. This has occurred under many guises, such as: Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS), Click Fraud and even secondary effects of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. With the advent of commercial offerings of serverless computing circa 2015, a variant of the EDoS attack has emerged, termed, Denial-of-Wallet (DoW). We describe our development of a simulation tool as safe means to research these attacks as well as to generate datasets for the training of future mitigation systems to combat DoW. We believe that DoW may become increasingly prevalent as applications further utilise services based on a pay-per-invocation cost model. Given that the damage caused is purely financial, such attacks may not be disclosed as application users are not directly effected. As such, we believe that the development of an attack simulator and specific testing of security measures against this niche attack will be able to provide previously unavailable data and insights for the research community. We have developed a prototype DoW simulator that can emulate multiple months worth of API calls in a matter of hours for ease of training data generation. Our aspiration for the future of this work is to provide a system and starting point for research on this form of attack. We present our work on such a system Denial-of-Wallet Test Simulator (DoWTS) - a system that allows for safe testing of theorised DoW attacks against serverless applications via synthetic data generation. We also expand upon prior research on DoW and provide an analysis on the lack of specific safety measures for DoW.
Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Sideroblastic Anaemia with B-Cell Immunodeficiency, Periodic Fever and Developmental Delay (SIFD) Syndrome: a Systematic Review
Authors: Maccora Ilaria , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Wiseman Daniel , Marrani Edoardo , Mastrolia Maria V. , Simonini Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose
Sideroblastic anaemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fever and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome is a novel rare autoinflammatory multisystem disorder. We performed a systematic review of the available clinical and therapeutics aspects of the SIFD syndrome.

Methods
A systematic review according to PRISMA approach, including all articles published before the 30th of July 2021 in Pubmed and EMBASE database, was performed.

Results
The search identified 29 publications describing 58 unique patients. To date, 41 unique mutations have been reported. Onset of disease is very early with a median age of 4 months (range 0–252 months). The most frequent manifestations are haematologic such as microcytic anaemia or sideroblastic anaemia (55/58), recurrent fever (52/58), neurologic abnormalities (48/58), immunologic abnormalities in particular a humoral immunodeficiency (48/58), gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (38/58), eye diseases as cataract and retinitis pigmentosa (27/58), failure to thrive (26/58), mucocutaneous involvement (29/58), sensorineural deafness (19/58) and others. To date, 19 patients (35.85%) died because of disease course (16) and complications of hematopoietic cell stems transplantation (3). The use of anti-TNFα and hematopoietic cell stems transplantation (HCST) is dramatically changing the natural history of this disease.

Conclusions
SIFD syndrome is a novel entity to consider in a child presenting with recurrent fever, anaemia, B-cell immunodeficiency and neurodevelopmental delay. To date, therapeutic guidelines are lacking but anti-TNFα treatment and/or HCST are attractive and might modify the clinical course of this syndrome.
Tissue-specific reductions in mitochondrial efficiency and increased ROS release rates during ageing in zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata
Authors: Salmón Pablo , Millet Caroline , Selman Colin , Monaghan Pat , Dawson Neal J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage have long been suggested as critically important mechanisms underlying the ageing process in animals. However, conflicting data exist on whether this involves increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ageing. We employed high‐resolution respirometry and fluorometry on flight muscle (pectoralis major) and liver mitochondria to simultaneously examine mitochondrial function and ROS (H2O2) release rates in young (3 months) and old (4 years) zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Respiratory capacities for oxidative phosphorylation did not differ between the two age groups in either tissue. Respiratory control ratios (RCR) of liver mitochondria also did not differ between the age classes. However, RCR in muscle mitochondria was 55% lower in old relative to young birds, suggesting that muscle mitochondria in older individuals are less efficient. Interestingly, this observed reduction in muscle RCR was driven almost entirely by higher mitochondrial LEAK-state respiration. Maximum mitochondrial ROS release rates were found to be greater in both flight muscle (1.3-fold) and the liver (1.9-fold) of old birds. However, while maximum ROS (H2O2) release rates from mitochondria increased with age across both liver and muscle tissues, the liver demonstrated a proportionally greater age-related increase in ROS release than muscle. This difference in age-related increases in ROS release rates between muscle and liver tissues may be due to increased mitochondrial leakiness in the muscle, but not the liver, of older birds. This suggests that age-related changes in cellular function seem to occur in a tissue-specific manner in zebra finches, with flight muscle exhibiting signs of minimising age-related increase in ROS release, potentially to reduce damage to this crucial tissue in older individuals.
Global impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser use for major crops on aquatic biodiversity
Authors: Jwaideh Mark A. A. , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Dalin Carole 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe intensive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers on agricultural land to fertilise crops has caused eutrophication, the nutrient enrichment of waterbodies leading to excessive growth of algae, deoxygenation and loss of aquatic biodiversity. Life cycle impact assessments (LCIA) are often used to determine the environmental impacts of fertiliser use. However, the lack of suitable methodologies to estimate the fate and transport of nutrients from soils makes crop and regional impact comparisons challenging. Using a newly devised, spatially explicit nutrient fate and transport model (fate factor, FF) within an LCIA framework, this study estimates the global spatial-variability of nutrient loss from fertilisation of crops and their relative impact on aquatic biodiversity, specifically species richness.MethodThe newly devised FFs are based on the global spatially explicit nutrient model IMGE-GNM. The FF’s enable us to assess N and P’s fate and transport from indirect soil emissions (arable land, grassland and natural land) to freshwater environments. Additionally we improve the spatial resolution of existing soil FFs for N within marine environments from basin scale to 5 arcmin resolution. We applied our FF’s within current LCIA methodologies to assess the nutrient loading (midpoint indicator) and final aquatic biodiversity impact (endpoint indicator) from 17 crops.Results and discussionOur results identify strong variability in inputs, loadings and impacts due to differences in the fate, transport and impact of nutrients within the local environmental context. Such variability is translated into large differences between the popularly used nutrient use efficiency (NUE) indicator and final aquatic impacts caused by specific crops. Heavily produced crops (maize, rice, wheat, sugarcane and soybean) with the highest loading rates to receptors did not necessarily have the highest aquatic impacts. We identified rank variability exists at different metric stages (fertiliser inputs, receptor loadings, aquatic impacts) specifically for wheat and sugarcane. Our results showed high global spatial variability in aquatic biodiversity impacts with significant biodiversity loss outside of the highest production regions.ConclusionOur study identified, global hotspots for biodiversity impacts depend on the local context that exist beyond the field (e.g. the fate and transport of nutrients to receptor environments, and the receptor environment's vulnerability). Aquatic impacts from fertiliser use for specific crop commodities should be considered in decision-making for strategic fertiliser pollution control and environmentally sustainable crop-commodity trade sourcing. The development of the improved FFs should be used to aid spatially explicit and site-specific LCIA nutrient studies from soils.
Interfacial Behaviour in Ferroalloys: The Influence of FeMn Slag Composition
Authors: Bublik Sergey , Tangstad Merete , Einarsrud Kristian Etienne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study investigated the interfacial interaction between FeMn alloy and slags of different compositions and basicity from 0.4 to 1.2 in a sessile drop furnace. Interfacial tension between the FeMn alloy and the slags was measured, and the results were analyzed to assess the sensitivity of the applied methodology. The measurement of the interfacial tension was based on combining the results from experiments, multiphase flow simulations in OpenFOAM, equilibrium calculations in FactSage, and calculation of slag density and surface tension based on numerical models. The results demonstrate that the interfacial tension between the FeMn alloy and slag increases with the slag basicity. It was found that the addition of Al

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

to the slag with basicity of 0.8 and 1.2 increases the interfacial tension, while increasing MnO content from 30.0 to 45.0 wt pct does not have any statistically significant influence on the interfacial tension. EPMA analysis of slag and FeMn phases showed that slags at lower basicities and the FeMn alloy form a metal–slag emulsion due to the destabilization of the interface induced by chemical reactions, partial reduction of SiO

$$_{2}$$

2

in the slag and the mass transfer of Si across the metal–slag interface.