bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Transportation Insecurity Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Graboyes Evan M , Chaiyachati Krisda H , Sisto Gall Jennifer , Johnson Wenora , Krishnan Jerry A , McManus Sapna S , Thompson Letitia , Shulman Lawrence N , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Health-care–related transportation insecurity is common in the United States. Patients with cancer are especially vulnerable because cancer care is episodic in nature, occurs over a prolonged period, is marked by frequent clinical encounters, requires intense treatments, and results in substantial financial hardship. As a result of transportation insecurity, patients with cancer may forego, miss, delay, alter, and/or prematurely terminate necessary care. Limited data suggest that these alterations in care have the potential to increase the rates of cancer recurrence and mortality and exacerbate disparities in cancer incidence, severity, and outcomes. Transportation insecurity also negatively impacts at the informal caregiver, provider, health system, and societal levels. Recognizing that transportation is a critical determinant of outcomes for patients with cancer, there are ongoing efforts to develop evidence-based protocols to identify at-risk patients and address transportation insecurity at federal policy, health system, not-for-profit, and industry levels. In 2021, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine sponsored a series of webinars addressing key social determinants of health including food, housing, and transportation among patients with cancer. This commentary summarizes the formal presentations and discussions related to transportation insecurity and will 1) discuss the heterogeneous nature of transportation insecurity among patients with cancer; 2) characterize its prevalence along the cancer continuum; 3) examine its multilevel consequences; 4) discuss measurement and screening tools; 5) highlight ongoing efforts to address transportation insecurity; 6) suggest policy levers; and 7) outline a research agenda to address critical knowledge gaps.
Food Insecurity Among People With Cancer: Nutritional Needs as an Essential Component of Care
Authors: Raber Margaret , Jackson Ann , Basen-Engquist Karen , Bradley Cathy , Chambers Shonta , Gany Francesca M , Halbert Chanita Hughes , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Seligman Hilary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A cancer diagnosis can upend work and family life, leading patients to reallocate resources away from essentials such as food. Estimates of the percentage of people navigating a cancer diagnosis and food insecurity range between 17% and 55% of the cancer patient population. The complexity of addressing food insecurity among those diagnosed with cancer during different phases of treatment is multifactorial and often requires an extensive network of support throughout each phase. This commentary explores the issue of food insecurity in the context of cancer care, explores current mitigation efforts, and offers a call to action to create a path for food insecurity mitigation in the context of cancer. Three programs that address food insecurity among those with cancer at various stages of care are highlighted, drawing attention to current impact and actionable recommendations to make programs like these scalable and sustainable. Recommendations are grounded in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine social care framework through 5 essential domain areas: awareness, adjustment, assistance, alignment, and advocacy. This commentary seeks to highlight opportunities for the optimization of cancer care and reframe food access as an essential part of treatment and long-term care plans.
Housing Insecurity Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Fan Qinjin , Keene Danya E , Banegas Matthew P , Gehlert Sarah , Gottlieb Laura M , Yabroff K Robin , Pollack Craig E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial determinants of health are the economic and environmental conditions under which people are born, live, work, and age that affect health. These structural factors underlie many of the long-standing inequities in cancer care and outcomes that vary by geography, socioeconomic status, and race and ethnicity in the United States. Housing insecurity, including lack of safe, affordable, and stable housing, is a key social determinant of health that can influence—and be influenced by—cancer care across the continuum, from prevention to screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. During 2021, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine sponsored a series of webinars addressing social determinants of health, including food, housing, and transportation insecurity, and their associations with cancer care and patient outcomes. This dissemination commentary summarizes the formal presentations and panel discussions from the webinar devoted to housing insecurity. It provides an overview of housing insecurity and health care across the cancer control continuum, describes health system interventions to minimize the impact of housing insecurity on patients with cancer, and identifies challenges and opportunities for addressing housing insecurity and improving health equity. Systematically identifying and addressing housing insecurity to ensure equitable access to cancer care and reduce health disparities will require ongoing investment at the practice, systems, and broader policy levels.
Can Sunlight Disperse Mistrust? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Transparency on Citizens’ Trust in Government
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Guan Zhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransparency has often been hailed as a golden tool to bolster citizens’ trust in government and improve public governance. However, there is a considerable disparity in theoretical reasoning and empirical findings. Through a meta-analysis of 49 studies with 436 effect sizes, this study provides novel perspectives for understanding the effect of transparency on citizens’ trust in government. To test these mechanisms, we draw on various social science theories such as agency theory, deliberative democracy theory, procedural justice theory, a disappointment effect view, and a misinformation/information overload view. The meta-analysis indicates that the overall effect of transparency on trust is positive and significant, with an average effect size being 0.13 points. The meta-regression results further show that the impact of transparency on trust is negatively moderated by computer-mediated transparency and decision-making transparency, and it varies in a non-linear pattern with the level and the color of transparency. The findings from this article advance the theoretical development of the contextual conditions under which transparency may or may not lead to more trust in government. They also suggest helpful strategies for governments to foster a trusting relationship with their citizens.
The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abdel Rhman Mahasin , Owira Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an end-point macrovascular complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in 12% of diabetic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can act as cardioprotective or cardiotoxic agents in DCM.

Methods
We used PubMed as a search engine to collect and analyse data in published articles on the role of miRNAs on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of DCM.

Results
MiRNAs play an essential role in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of DCM due to their distinct gene expression patterns in diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals. Advances in gene therapy have led to the discovery of potential circulating miRNAs, which can be used as biomarkers for DCM diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, targeted miRNA therapies in preclinical and clinical studies, such as using miRNA mimics and anti-miRNAs, have yielded promising results. Application of miRNA mimics and anti-miRNAs via different nanodrug delivery systems alleviate hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
MiRNAs serve as attractive potential targets for DCM diagnosis, prognosis and treatment due to their distinctive expression profile in DCM development.
A case of cerebral infarction due to aplastic or twig-like middle cerebral artery after lung cancer surgery
Authors: Hato Tai , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Sugiyama Ato , Aoki Kohei , Fukuda Hiroki , Kohno Mitsutomo , Nakayama Mitsuo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aplastic/twig-like middle cerebral artery is a rare vascular abnormality. We report a case of postoperative cerebral infarction caused by this disease. The patient is a male in his 40s. A 9-cm tumour was revealed to have invaded the superior vena cava from his right lung. He underwent right upper and middle bilobectomy. Due to the vascular invasion, the intraoperative bleeding exceeded 2 litres. Mechanical ventilation was required for postoperative pneumonia. After extubation, he was unable to write and was found to have cerebral infiltration in the left middle cerebral artery region. The cause of the cerebral infarction was investigated, but no thrombus in the left atrium or arteriosclerosis was found. No atrial fibrillation was observed during or after the surgery. Magnetic resonance angiography of the brain revealed an aplastic/twig-like middle cerebral artery.
Blockchain and energy commodity markets: legal issues and impact on sustainability
Authors: Lee Joseph , Khan Vere Marie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, we explore the application of blockchain, a type of distributed ledger technology (DLT), in the field of energy trading. Specifically, we focus on crude oil trade. We argue that the application of blockchain technology and supplementary smart contracts supports responsible sourcing in complex supply chains and helps reduce information asymmetry in both the physical trade and paper trade of energy commodities markets. In order to apply blockchain technology to the energy market, we begin with a discussion on the architecture of blockchain and the different types of blockchain that might be applied in this sector. Further to this, we examine the current oil trading markets, particularly their relevant components, as part of the discussion on blockchain application. Subsequently, we look at how the various types of blockchain may be applied to the markets and examine their advantages and disadvantages. In conclusion, we look at the legal issues that may arise from such application, the potential solutions, and the potential impact of blockchain technology on the United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goals in the future and how a green fintech application can be developed.
Feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto in Southern Thailand: phenotypic characterization, molecular identification, and antifungal susceptibility
Authors: Indoung Saowakon , Chanchayanon Baramee , Chaisut Mananya , Buapeth Kanok-on , Morteh Rajeef , Jantrakajorn Sasibha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Feline sporotrichosis caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex is a global subcutaneous mycosis, having higher prevalence in Latin America and Malaysia. However, its etiological agents have not been elucidated in Thailand, a neighboring country of Malaysia, where the cases are increasing. This study identified 38 feline isolates of S. schenckii from Southern Thailand, collected between 2018 and 2021, using phenotypic characterization and molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing of partial calmodulin (CAL) and ß-tubulin (Bt2) genes. Phenotypic characteristics proved that the isolates were S. schenckii sensu lato, with low thermotolerance. Based on partial CAL and Bt2-PCR sequencing, all isolates were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates were clustered with S. schenckii sensu stricto isolated from the cats in Malaysia. A low degree of genetic diversity was observed among the Thai feline isolates. The antifungal susceptibility of these isolates to antifungal agents, including itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KTC), fluconazole (FLC), and amphotericin B (AMB), was investigated according to the M27-A3 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results showed low ITC, KTC, and AMB activities against S. schenckii sensu stricto isolates, with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges of 1–8, 1–8, and 2–16 μg/ml, respectively, whereas FLC exhibited MICs of 64 and &gt; 64 μg/ml. This study indicated that S. schenckii sensu stricto is the causative agent responsible for feline sporotrichosis in Southern Thailand. Their phenotypic characteristics and in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles will help to improve our understanding of this mycosis in Thailand.
Investigation of CryptoPS LFA-positive sera in patients at risk of cryptococcosis
Authors: Aissaoui Nesrine , Benhadid-Brahmi Yasmine , Sturny-Leclère Aude , Hamane Samia , Payet Eliane , Bonnal Christine , Munier Anne-Lise , Denis Blandine , Alanio Alexandre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCryptococcal antigen (CrAg) is a capsule polysaccharide antigen that can be detected in the fluids of patients with cryptococcal infections. Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIA), and lateral flow assay (LFA) are the main methods available. Two main commercial LFA kits are available: CryptoPS (Biosynex, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France) and CrAg LFA (IMMY, Inc. USA). In our lab, we prospectively used CryptoPS as a screening tool in serum for confirmed positive results with CALAS. We investigated the rigor of the CryptoPS test in serum in a multicentric evaluation over 3 years. To improve the specificity of CryptoPS in serum, we additionally implemented and evaluated a pretreatment protocol before CryptoPS testing. A total of 43 serum samples collected from 43 patients were investigated. We found that the CryptoPS assay is hampered by a high rate of false-positive results in serum with a high rate of CryptoPS-positive but CrAg LFA-negative and CALAS-negative sera in patients with no proof of Cryptococcus infection (n = 29). Using a simple pretreatment procedure (5 min incubation at 100°C and centrifugation) we were able to reverse false-positive results, suggesting that there could be interferent material present in the serum. Pretreatment also impacted the CryptoPS results (negative result) in two patients with the cryptococcal disease, one with isolated antigenemia and one with cryptococcal meningitis. Comparing the titers obtained with CALAS and CrAg LFA, we noticed that the titer obtained with CrAg LFA was almost 10-fold higher than those with CALAS. This study showed that Biosynex CryptoPS in serum could give false-positive results even in the absence of cryptococcal disease. These could be reduced by applying an easy pretreatment procedure to the serum before testing, with little but existing impact on the sensitivity.
The fate of baryons in counterfactual universes
Authors: Oh Boon Kiat , Peacock John A , Khochfar Sadegh , Smith Britton D 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results from nine simulations that compare the standard Lambda cold dark matter cosmology (ΛCDM) with counterfactual universes, for approximately $100\, {\rm Gyr}$ using the Enzo simulation code. We vary the value of Λ and the fluctuation amplitude to explore the effect on the evolution of the halo mass function (HMF), the intergalactic medium (IGM), and the star formation history (SFH). The distinct peak in star formation rate density (SFRD) and its subsequent decline are both affected by the interplay between gravitational attraction and the accelerating effects of Λ. The IGM cools down more rapidly in models with a larger Λ and also with a lower σ8, reflecting the reduced SFRD associated with these changes – although changing σ8 is not degenerate with changing Λ, either regarding the thermal history of the IGM or the SFH. However, these induced changes to the IGM or ionizing background have little impact on the calculated SFRD. We provide fits for the evolution of the SFRD in these different universes, which we integrate over time to derive an asymptotic star formation efficiency. Together with Weinberg’s uniform prior on Λ, the estimated probability of observers experiencing a value of Λ no greater than the observed value is 13 per cent, substantially larger than some alternative estimates. Within the Enzo model framework, then, observer selection within a multiverse is able to account statistically for the small value of the cosmological constant, although Λ in our universe does appear to be at the low end of the predicted range.
The propagation of relativistic jets in expanding media
Authors: Gottlieb Ore , Nakar Ehud 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive analytic model of relativistic jet propagation in expanding homologous media (ejecta). This model covers the entire jet evolution as well as a range of configurations that are relevant to binary neutron star mergers. These include low- and high-luminosity jets, unmagnetized and mildly magnetized jets, time-dependent luminosity jets, and Newtonian and relativistic head velocities. We also extend the existing solution of jets in a static medium to power-law density media with index α &lt; 5. Our model provides simple analytic formulae (calibrated by 3D simulations) for the jet head propagation and breakout times. We find that the system evolution has two main regimes: strong and weak jets. Strong jets start their propagation immediately within the ejecta. Weak jets are unable to penetrate the ejecta at first, and breach it only after the ejecta expands significantly, thus their evolution is independent of the delay between the onset of the ejecta and the jet launching. After enough time, both strong and weak jets approach a common asymptotic phase. We find that a necessary, but insufficient, criterion for the breakout of unmagnetized (weakly magnetized) jets is $E_{j,{\rm iso,tot}} \gtrsim 3[0.4]\, {E_{ej,{\rm tot}}}\left({\, {\theta _{j,0}}}/{0.1{\rm ~rad}}\right)^2$, where Ej, iso, tot is the jet total isotropic equivalent energy, $\, {\theta _{j,0}}$ is its opening angle, and $\, {E_{ej,{\rm tot}}}$ is the ejecta energy. Applying our model to short gamma-ray bursts, we find that there is most likely a large diversity of ejecta mass, where mass ≲10−3 M⊙ (at least along the poles) is common.
Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for activity assessment in 115 patients with carotid involvement of Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Dong Yifan , Wang Yahong , Wang Ying , Tian Xinping , Li Jing , Yang Yunjiao , Ge Zhitong , Zhang Li , Zou Mi , Wang Hongyan , Li Jianchu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in disease activity assessment of Takayasu arteritis (TA) with carotid involvement.

Methods
This is a cohort study of 115 patients of TA with carotid involvement. We investigated correlations between clinical data, sonographic features, and CEUS enhancement at the site most prominent lesion of each patient. Disease activity was assessed by the National Institute of Health Kerr criteria. Sonographic findings were compared with follow-up examinations. CEUS was repeated after a 3–7 months interval in 35 patients to evaluate change of CEUS enhancement after treatment.

Results
Extensiveness of CEUS enhancement at most prominent carotid lesions had significant correlations with disease activity by the Kerr criteria (P &lt; .001). The specificity of extensive enhancement for indicating active disease was 95%, while sensitivity was 67%. Patients with active disease showed greater arterial wall thickness and more prominent reduction of arterial wall thickness after treatment. Most of the patients (68%) with subsided active disease after treatment featured decrease of CEUS enhancement.

Conclusions
Extensiveness of enhancement by CEUS and arterial wall thickness by ultrasonography may be useful markers for initial and follow-up assessment of disease activity of TA with common carotid artery involvement.
Chromatin transitions triggered by LH density as epigenetic regulators of the genome
Authors: Portillo-Ledesma Stephanie , Wagley Meghna , Schlick Tamar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivated by experiments connecting linker histone (LH) deficiency to lymphoma progression and retinal disorders, we study by mesoscale chromatin modeling how LH density (ρ) induces gradual, as well sudden, changes in chromatin architecture and how the process depends on DNA linker length, LH binding dynamics and binding mode, salt concentration, tail modifications, and combinations of ρ and linker DNA length. We show that ρ tightly regulates the overall shape and compaction of the fiber, triggering a transition from an irregular disordered state to a compact and ordered structure. Such a structural transition, resembling B to A compartment transition connected with lymphoma of B cells, appears to occur around ρ = 0.5. The associated mechanism is DNA stem formation by LH binding, which is optimal when the lengths of the DNA linker and LH C-terminal domain are similar. Chromatin internal and external parameters are key regulators, promoting or impeding the transition. The LH density thus emerges as a critical tunable variable in controlling cellular functions through structural transitions of the genome.
A mitochondria-specific mutational signature of aging: increased rate of A &gt; G substitutions on the heavy strand
Authors: Mikhailova Alina G , Mikhailova Alina A , Ushakova Kristina , Tretiakov Evgeny O , Iliushchenko Dmitrii , Shamansky Victor , Lobanova Valeria , Kozenkov Ivan , Efimenko Bogdan , Yurchenko Andrey A , Kozenkova Elena , Zdobnov Evgeny M , Makeev Vsevolod , Yurov Valerian , Tanaka Masashi , Gostimskaya Irina , Fleischmann Zoe , Annis Sofia , Franco Melissa , Wasko Kevin , Denisov Stepan , Kunz Wolfram S , Knorre Dmitry , Mazunin Ilya , Nikolaev Sergey , Fellay Jacques , Reymond Alexandre , Khrapko Konstantin , Gunbin Konstantin , Popadin Konstantin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mutational spectrum of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) does not resemble any of the known mutational signatures of the nuclear genome and variation in mtDNA mutational spectra between different organisms is still incomprehensible. Since mitochondria are responsible for aerobic respiration, it is expected that mtDNA mutational spectrum is affected by oxidative damage. Assuming that oxidative damage increases with age, we analyse mtDNA mutagenesis of different species in regards to their generation length. Analysing, (i) dozens of thousands of somatic mtDNA mutations in samples of different ages (ii) 70053 polymorphic synonymous mtDNA substitutions reconstructed in 424 mammalian species with different generation lengths and (iii) synonymous nucleotide content of 650 complete mitochondrial genomes of mammalian species we observed that the frequency of AH &gt; GH substitutions (H: heavy strand notation) is twice bigger in species with high versus low generation length making their mtDNA more AH poor and GH rich. Considering that AH &gt; GH substitutions are also sensitive to the time spent single-stranded (TSSS) during asynchronous mtDNA replication we demonstrated that AH &gt; GH substitution rate is a function of both species-specific generation length and position-specific TSSS. We propose that AH &gt; GH is a mitochondria-specific signature of oxidative damage associated with both aging and TSSS.