bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let’s Stick Together: Peer Effects in Secondary School Choice and Variations by Student Socio-Economic Background
Authors: Zwier Dieuwke , Geven Sara , Bol Thijs , van de Werfhorst Herman G 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the vast body of research focusing on peer effects in education, the role of the immediate peer environment in school choice has been understudied to date. We study the extent to which students from the same primary school cluster in the same secondary school, and how this effect varies by a student’s socio-economic background. We use register data from the Netherlands, covering six cohorts of students (2013–2019), that enable us to account for selection into primary schools and other endogeneity issues when identifying peer effects. The results indicate that students are more likely to choose a secondary school when students from their primary school cohort also choose this school, even after accounting for school popularity trends. We find evidence that students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to cluster in the same secondary school as their primary school peers, yet these differences are small.
Examination of vertical transmission of Bartonella quintana in body lice following multiple infectious blood meals
Authors: Kress Lauren , Potts Rashaun , Pietri Jose E 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Bartonella quintana is a re-emerging louse-borne pathogen. Horizontal transmission from the body louse vector (Pediculus humanus humanus) to a human host occurs through contact with infectious louse feces containing a high concentration of the bacteria. However, questions have remained about whether vertical transmission from infected vectors to their progeny, which could significantly influence the dynamics of transmission to humans, occurs in body lice. To address this subject, we performed a series of controlled laboratory experiments that examined the presence of B. quintana on the surface of and within eggs produced by female body lice that were provisioned multiple infectious blood meals to recapitulate the natural pathogen acquisition process. Our results demonstrate that B. quintana DNA can be detected from the surface of eggs by qPCR due to vertical transfer of infectious feces to the egg sheath during or after oviposition. However, viable B. quintana could not be cultured from the hemolymph of adult female lice or from within eggs that were surface sterilized, indicating a lack of true transovarial transmission. Based on this evidence, vertical transfer of B. quintana from infected adult lice to their eggs probably has a limited impact on the dynamics of transmission to humans.
ADVANCE-C: A Qualitative Study of Experiences Caring for Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hendricksen Meghan , Mitchell Susan L , Palan Lopez Ruth , Roach Ashley , Hendrix Rogers Anita , Akunor Harriet , McCarthy Ellen P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Assessment of Disparities and Variation for Alzheimer’s disease Nursing home Care at End of life (ADVANCE) is a multisite qualitative study of regionally diverse Nursing homes (NHs; N = 14) providing varied intensity of advanced dementia care. ADVANCE-C explored the experiences of NH staff and proxies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Data collection occurred in five of the ADVANCE facilities located in Georgia (N = 3) and New York (N = 2). Semistructured qualitative interviews with NH staff (N = 38) and proxies of advanced dementia residents (N = 7) were conducted. Framework analyses explored five staff domains: care processes, decision making, organizational resources, vaccinations, and personal experience, and five proxy domains: connecting with residents, NH response, communicating with NH, decision making, and personal impact of the pandemic.

Results
Staff mentioned difficulties implementing infection control policies specifically for advanced dementia residents. Staff reported trust between the facility and proxies as critical in making decisions during the pandemic. All staff participants spoke about “coming together” to address persistent staffing shortages. Proxies described their role as an “emotional rollercoaster,” emphasizing how hard it was being separate from their loved ones. The accommodations made for NH residents were not beneficial for those with advanced dementia. The majority of proxies felt NH staff were doing their best and expressed deep appreciation for their care.

Discussion
Caring for advanced dementia residents during the COVID-19 pandemic had unique challenges for both staff and proxies. Strategies for similar future crises should strive to balance best practices to contain the virus while maintaining family connections and person-centered care.
Time-varying uplift in Svalbard—an effect of glacial changes
Authors: Kierulf Halfdan Pascal , Kohler Jack , Boy Jean-Paul , Geyman Emily C , Mémin Anthony , Omang Ove C D , Steffen Holger , Steffen Rebekka 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYWe analyse Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from Svalbard to understand how uplift rates are controlled by the elastic and viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to changes in glacier mass on annual, interannual, decadal, centennial and millennial timescales. To reveal local patterns of deformation, we filter the GNSS time-series with an enhanced common-mode filtering technique where the non-tidal loading signal is incorporated. This technique reduces the estimated uncertainties for 5-yr time-series from 0.8 to 0.3 mm yr–1. Analysis of the GNSS data with different software–GAMIT, GipsyX, and GINS–produce consistent results that all indicate large temporal variations in uplift. For example, at the Ny-Ålesund GNSS station, uplift varies between 6 and 12 mm yr–1 for different 5-yr periods, and also shows a significant increase in the last 15 yr. We show that this increase is due to climate change-related ice mass loss in Svalbard. We constrain recent glacier retreat on Svalbard using a series of digital elevation models, and then correct the GNSS-derived uplift records for the elastic signal from these ice mass changes. The residual uplift signal is relatively constant, confirming the hypothesis that current ice mass changes exert a strong influence on GNSS observations. The relatively constant record of residual uplift can be used to constrain other geophysical signals such as the viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to ice loading during the Little Ice Age and the Last Glacial Period. We review uplift results from previous viscoelastic modelling studies and show that the residual signal cannot yet be fully explained. Our new uplift results thus motivate the need for new viscoelastic modelling of the glacial isostatic adjustment process in Svalbard.
Interspecific Asymmetries in Behavioral Plasticity Drive Seasonal Patterns of Temporal Niche Partitioning in an Island Carnivore Community
Authors: Zhang Victor Y , Gagorik Calypso N , Brenner Lara J , Boser Christina L , Theimer Tad C , Buck C Loren 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Animals vary considerably in the amount of behavioral plasticity they exhibit in daily activity timing and temporal niche switching. It is not well understood how environmental factors drive changes in temporal activity or how interspecific differences in the plasticity of activity timing ultimately manifest in free-living animals. Here, we investigated the temporal structure and organization of activity patterns of two insular mammalian carnivores living in sympatry, the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) and island spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis amphiala). Using collar-mounted accelerometers, we assessed the plasticity of behavioral activity rhythms in foxes and skunks by investigating how environmental factors drive the distribution of locomotor activity across the day and year, and subsequently examined the dynamics of temporal niche overlap between the two species. We documented that foxes express phenotypic plasticity in daily activity timing across the year, ranging from nocturnal to diurnal to crepuscular rhythms depending on the individual and time of year. Most notably, foxes increased the proportion of daytime activity as seasonal temperatures decreased. Overall, activity patterns of foxes were consistent with the circadian thermoenergetics hypothesis, which posits that animals that switch their patterns of activity do so to coincide with the most energetically favorable time of day. In contrast to foxes, skunks exhibited little behavioral plasticity, appearing strictly nocturnal across the year. While the duration of skunk activity bouts increased with the duration of night, timing of activity onset and offset extended into daytime hours during summer when the duration of darkness was shortest. Analysis of temporal niche overlap between foxes and skunks suggested that niche overlap was highest during summer and lowest during winter and was dictated primarily by temporal niche switching in foxes, rather than skunks. Collectively, our results highlight how interspecific asymmetries in behavioral plasticity drive dynamic patterns of temporal niche overlap within an island carnivore community.
A framework for categorizing the interactions of offshore windfarms and fisheries
Authors: Stokesbury Kevin D E , Fay Gavin , Griffin Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The offshore windfarm industry has great potential for sustainable energy but requires space. The ability of fisheries to harvest within these windfarms varies. This has created a conflict between these two industries and discussions are hampered by differing approaches to the marine environment, a lack of understanding of what each industries requires, the significant money at stake, and the values the public place on marine conservation. To characterize, standardize, and quantify the scientific data addressing these concerns requires a framework. The framework should categorize data on spatial scales of 1 cm2 to 1 km2 (individual turbines/fishing vessels), 1–1000 km2 (companies), and &gt;1000 km2 (regions), and by their ecological, economic, cultural, and institutional impacts. The framework should be repeated over temporal scales of the windfarm: pre-development (1–3 years), construction (1–2 years), post-construction (20–40 years), and decommission. Balancing the metrics used to describe the two industries will allow people to communicate clearly in an organized systematic way, hopefully resulting in a continuing supply of sustainable sea food and renewable energy to an increasingly hungry world.
The spread of Lessepsian fish does not track native temperature conditions
Authors: D'Amen Manuela , Smeraldo Sonia , Di Franco Antonio , Azzurro Ernesto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Global warming is enabling tropical invaders to expand into regions, where unsuitable climate conditions used to prevent the survival or reproduction. Here, using the occurrence data of 22 Lessepsian fish in the Mediterranean Sea, we aimed at (1) gaining a deeper understanding of temperature match dynamics over the spatio-temporal spread of each invasion event and (2) testing the hypothesis that successful invasions require a temperature match, as assumed in several bioinvasion risk assessments. For each species, we identified the areas of the Mediterranean lacking a temperature match with native ranges over the past six decades. We found that some species, particularly recent invaders, have spread far beyond temperature matching conditions. The populations at the expanding edge of the range are often found in sites that have experienced increases in temperature. Temperature match positively correlates with species spread rate and after 1990, higher temperatures in the Mediterranean provided analogous conditions for a growing number of non-indigenous species. Our results warn against the general use of temperature-based climate matching in bioinvasion risk and provide guidance for the application of species distribution models that incorporate temperature to marine bioinvasion research.
Reducing PV soiling and condensation using hydrophobic coating with brush and controllable curtains
Authors: Aldawoud Amer , Aldawoud Abdelsalam , Aryanfar Yashar , Assad Mamdouh El Haj , Sharma Shubham , Alayi Reza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic technology faces many challenges in climates that are characterized by arid nature with high dust frequencies and high relative humidity levels, which make dust build-up extremely problematic. Soiling and condensation affect the performance of PV systems and greatly degrades their power output. Covering the PV panels during non-operation will greatly improve the overall efficiency and reduce the PV soiling. In the present study, a motorized curtain is developed to cover the PV module surface during nights and dust storms. This system successfully reduced the impact of the condensation and the accumulation of soiling that could affect the performance of the PV panels and reduce their efficiencies. This study also experimentally investigates utilizing a superhydrophobic (Laboratory prepared nano-coating) and a superhydrophilic coating on the PV module surface to reduce the impact of soiling. These two proposals could heavily reduce the frequency of cleaning the PV panel; therefore, reducing water consumption; particularly for areas with limited water supply. This study uses experimental data as a method to demonstrate the impact of dust, humidity, and nano-coating on the performance of PV Panels. In addition, PVsyst was used to demonstrate and verify the soiling impact on the performance of PV modules.
Error estimates for the numerical approximation of optimal control problems with nonsmooth pointwise-integral control constraints
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Kunisch Karl , Mateos Mariano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The numerical approximation of an optimal control problem governed by a semilinear parabolic equation and constrained by a bound on the spatial $L^1$-norm of the control at every instant of time is studied. Spatial discretizations of the controls by piecewise constant and continuous piecewise linear functions are investigated. Under finite element approximations, the sparsity properties of the continuous solutions are preserved in a natural way using piecewise constant approximations of the control, but suitable numerical integration of the objective functional and of the constraint must be used to keep the sparsity pattern when using spatially continuous piecewise linear approximations. We also obtain error estimates and finally present some numerical examples.
The IDOze Study: The Link Between Sleep Disruption and Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Activation in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Rogando Andrea C , Weber Kathleen M , Xing Jiaqian , Xue Xiaonan , Yohannes Tsion , Morack Ralph , Qi Qibin , Clish Clary , Bullock Kevin , Gustafson Deborah , Anastos Kathryn , Sharma Anjali , Burgess Helen J , French Audrey L 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly among women with HIV (WWH), although mechanisms are unclear. We explored cross-sectional associations between sleep disruption and tryptophan-kynurenine (T/K) pathway activation, measured by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (K:T).MethodsHIV-uninfected women (HIV–) and WWH aged 35–70 years and on stable antiretroviral therapy were included. Sleep metrics were measured using wrist actigraphy. Plasma T/K pathway metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate linear regression models examined relationships between K:T and actigraphy-based sleep metrics by HIV status.ResultsWWH (n = 153) and HIV– women (n = 151) were demographically similar. Among WWH, median CD4 was 751 cells/µL; 92% had undetectable HIV RNA. Compared to HIV– women, WWH had higher K:T (P &lt; .001) and kynurenine (P = .01) levels but similar tryptophan levels (P = .25). Higher K:T was associated with more wake bouts (P = .001), more time awake after sleep onset (P = .01), and lower sleep efficiency (P = .03) in WWH only.ConclusionsHIV infection was associated with T/K pathway activation; this activation was associated with poorer sleep efficiency and more fragmented sleep. While longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the directionality of these associations, these findings may help identify treatments to reduce sleep disruption in WWH by targeting residual inflammation and T/K pathway activation.
Design and validation of a FHIR-based EHR-driven phenotyping toolbox
Authors: Brandt Pascal S , Pacheco Jennifer A , Adekkanattu Prakash , Sholle Evan T , Abedian Sajjad , Stone Daniel J , Knaack David M , Xu Jie , Xu Zhenxing , Peng Yifan , Benda Natalie C , Wang Fei , Luo Yuan , Jiang Guoqian , Pathak Jyotishman , Rasmussen Luke V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a standards-based phenotyping tool to author electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotype definitions and demonstrate execution of the definitions against heterogeneous clinical research data platforms.

Materials and Methods
We developed an open-source, standards-compliant phenotyping tool known as the PhEMA Workbench that enables a phenotype representation using the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and Clinical Quality Language (CQL) standards. We then demonstrated how this tool can be used to conduct EHR-based phenotyping, including phenotype authoring, execution, and validation. We validated the performance of the tool by executing a thrombotic event phenotype definition at 3 sites, Mayo Clinic (MC), Northwestern Medicine (NM), and Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), and used manual review to determine precision and recall.

Results
An initial version of the PhEMA Workbench has been released, which supports phenotype authoring, execution, and publishing to a shared phenotype definition repository. The resulting thrombotic event phenotype definition consisted of 11 CQL statements, and 24 value sets containing a total of 834 codes. Technical validation showed satisfactory performance (both NM and MC had 100% precision and recall and WCM had a precision of 95% and a recall of 84%).

Conclusions
We demonstrate that the PhEMA Workbench can facilitate EHR-driven phenotype definition, execution, and phenotype sharing in heterogeneous clinical research data environments. A phenotype definition that integrates with existing standards-compliant systems, and the use of a formal representation facilitates automation and can decrease potential for human error.
Field Comparison of Removed Substrate Sampling and Emergence Traps for EstimatingCulicoidesOrbivirus Vectors in Northern Florida
Authors: Black Theodore Vincent , Quaglia Agustin Ignacio , Wisely Samantha , Burkett-Cadena Nathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe larval ecology of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) influences their spatial distributions and the pathogens they transmit. These features are of special concern for deer farmers in Florida where epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a major source of mortality in captive herds. Rarity of larval morphological expertise leads many researchers to study larval ecology by quantifying emergence, either with field emergence traps or removing substrate from the field for observation under laboratory conditions. We investigated the comparability of these methods in Florida seepages where two recently implicated EHDV vectors, Culicoides stellifer Coquillett and Culicoides venustus Hoffman, are common. We compared the abundance and composition of emerging Culicoides collected from emergence traps with removed substrate samples (soil plugs) at three seepages. Soil plugs were sampled adjacent to the emergence trap and from underneath the trap footprint, and then monitored under laboratory conditions for 11–13 wk to compare the methods and to assess the role of incubation period for removed substrate samples. Emergence traps and removed substrate sampling largely agreed on community compositions and trends within different seepages. However, comparatively large numbers of C. stellifer emerged later than expected and well into the incubation period with emergence still occurring after 13 wk (90 d). Removed substrate samples were more similar to emergence traps at shorter incubation times. The importance of time for the capture of Culicoides in removed substrate sampling was more pronounced than we anticipated and is important from both a methodological and biological perspective.
Neuroprotection by Trans-Resveratrol in Rats With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Insights into the Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors
Authors: Abd. Aziz Noor Azliza Wani , Iezhitsa Igor , Agarwal Renu , Bakar Nor Salmah , Abd. Latiff Azian , Ismail Nafeeza Mohd 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Given the neuroprotective effects of trans-resveratrol (RV), this study aimed to investigate the involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in RV-mediated neuroprotection in a rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model induced by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. Rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) sham-operated, (3) ICH pretreated with vehicle, (4) ICH pretreated with RV, and (5) ICH pretreated with RV and the A1R antagonist DPCPX. At 48 hours after ICH, the rats were subjected to neurological testing. Brain tissues were assessed for neuronal density and morphological features using routine and immunohistochemical staining. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-3, and RIPK3 proteins was examined using ELISA. A1R, MAPK P38, Hsp90, TrkB, and BDNF genes were examined using RT-qPCR. RV protected against neurological deficits and neuronal depletion, restored the expression of TNF-α, CASP3, RIPK3, A1R, and Hsp90, and increased BDNF/TrkB. DPCPX abolished the effects of RV on neurological outcomes, neuronal density, CASP3, RIPK3, A1R, Hsp90, and BDNF. These data indicate that the neuroprotection by RV involves A1R and inhibits CASP3-dependent apoptosis and RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in the perihematoma region; this is likely to be mediated by crosstalk between A1R and the BDNF/TrkB pathway.
Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Closing the Type 2 Immunity Gap in Vietnam
Authors: Huyen Dang Thi Thanh , Anh Dang Duc , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Hong Duong Thi , Thanh Tran Trung , Truong Luong Ngoc , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Lopez Cavestany Rocio , Hendley William S , Mainou Bernardo A , Mach Ondrej 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This was a cross-sectional community-based serological survey of polio antibodies assessing the immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) focusing on poliovirus serotype 2. IPV was administered to 5-month-old children. Type 2 antibody seroprevalence when measured 1 month after IPV administration was &gt;95%. One IPV dose successfully closed the immunity gap.
Stool Toxin Concentration Does Not Distinguish Clostridioides difficile Infection from Colonization in Children Less Than 3 Years of Age
Authors: Sandora Thomas J , Williams David N , Daugherty Kaitlyn , Geer Christine , Cuddemi Christine , Kociolek Larry K , Chen Xinhua , Xu Hua , Savage Timothy J , Banz Alice , Garey Kevin W , Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Kelly Ciarán P , Pollock Nira R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a prospective cohort study, stools from children &lt;3 years with and without diarrhea who were Clostridioides difficile nucleic acid amplification test-positive underwent ultrasensitive and quantitative toxin measurement. Among 37 cases and 46 controls, toxin concentration distributions overlapped substantially. Toxin concentration alone does not distinguish C. difficile infection from colonization in young children.