bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The motherhood effect on labour market outcomes: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Kim Anna , Hahn Youjin 
Published: October 2022

We examine mothers' relative labour market outcomes around the first childbirth in South Korea, a country with the highest gender pay gaps and the lowest fertility rate among the OECD countries. Using an event study approach, we find that while fathers remain unaffected, mothers' earnings drop sharply by 66.2 per cent over the long run, mostly driven by a reduction in labour force participation. For women who continue to work, motherhood lowers the probability of entering male‐dominated occupations and industries but increases the probability of working in female‐dominated occupations and industries. Finally, we find that motherhood has a stronger negative effect on labour market outcomes for less‐educated mothers, young mothers, mothers who first bear children within two years of marriage, and mothers with three or more children.
Factor VII deficiency in China: Phenotype, genotype and current status of management
Authors: Qu Cuiyun , Liu Wei , Chen Lingling , Zhang Lei , Xue Feng , Yang Renchi 
Published: October 2022

SummaryCongenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder characterised by a wide molecular and clinical heterogeneity. We investigated the clinical phenotype of 193 patients and F7 genotype of 55/193 patients with FVII deficiency throughout China and showed their current status of management. The most frequent bleeding symptoms were epistaxis (44.6%), cutaneous (38.9%), oral cavity (40.4%) bleeding and menorrhagia (44.3% of females of reproductive age). Fatal central nervous system bleeding and disabling joint bleeding occurred in three patients each. The majority of patients (89.6%) had FVII activity (FVII:C) ≤10% and the proportion of symptomatic patients in this group (79.8%) was significantly higher than that in the groups with FVII:C >10%–25% (41.7%) and >25%–50% (37.5%) (χ2 = 13.641, p = 0.001). Major bleeds occurred only in patients with FVII:C ≤10%. In total 55 patients underwent genotype analysis: most variants were missense (62.5%) and most patients had homozygous/compound heterozygous (85.4%) variants. Prothrombin complex concentrates (72.4%) were the most frequently used on‐demand replacement therapy. Prophylaxis before delivery decreased the risk of postpartum bleeding in women (χ2 = 69.243, p = 0.000). Our study provides useful information on the phenotype, genotype and current status of FVII‐deficiency patients management and may promote further exploration and care of this population in the future.
Real‐life outgroup exposure, self‐reported outgroup contact and the other‐race effect
Authors: Stelter Marleen , Simon Deja , Calanchini Jimmy , Christ Oliver , Degner Juliane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeople are better at recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group compared with faces from other racial or ethnic groups, known as the other‐‘race’ effect (ORE). Several theories of the ORE assume that memory for other‐race faces is impaired because people have less contact with members of other racial or ethnic groups, resulting in lower visual expertise. The present research investigates contact theories of the ORE, using self‐report contact measures and objective measures of potential outgroup exposure (estimated from participants' residential location and from GPS tracking). Across six studies (total N = 2660), we observed that White American and White German participants displayed better memory for White faces compared with Black or Middle Eastern faces, whereas Black American participants displayed similarly equal or better memory for White compared with Black faces. We did not observe any relations between the ORE and objective measures of potential outgroup exposure. Only in Studies 2a and 2b, we observed very small correlations (rs = −.08 to .06) between 4 out of 30 contact measures and the ORE. We discuss methodological limitations and implications for theories of the ORE.
An intertriginous hyperpigmented macular eruption
Authors: Harnett Clare , Meah Nekma , Low Su Enn , Eustace Karen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 23-year-old woman presented with a hyperpigmented intertriginous eruption unresponsive to topical steroids and to topical and systemic antifungals. Histopathological assessment demonstrated patchy inflammatory infiltrate at the demoepidermal junction with pigment incontinence.
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Altered dynamic functional network connectivity in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Si Qianqian , Gan Caiting , Zhang Heng , Cao Xingyue , Sun Huimin , Wang Min , Wang Lina , Yuan Yongsheng , Zhang Kezhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to clarify the dynamic neural activity of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsUsing dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis, we evaluated 41 PD patients with LID (LID group) and 34 PD patients without LID (No‐LID group). Group spatial independent component analysis and sliding‐window approach were employed. Moreover, we applied a k‐means clustering algorithm on windowed functional connectivity (FC) matrices to identify reoccurring FC patterns (i.e., states).ResultsThe optimal number of states was determined to be five, the so‐called State 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In ON phase, compared with No‐LID group, LID group occurred more frequently and dwelled longer in strongly connected State 1, characterized by strong positive connections between visual network (VIS) and sensorimotor network (SMN). When switching from OFF to ON phase, LID group occurred less frequently in State 3 and State 4. Meanwhile, LID group dwelled longer in State 2 and shorter in State 3. No‐LID group occurred more frequently in State 5 and less frequently in State 3. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated that dyskinesia's severity was associated with frequency of occurrence and dwell time in State 2, dominated by inferior frontal cortex in cognitive executive network (CEN).ConclusionUsing dFNC analysis, we found that dyskinesia may be related to the dysfunctional inhibition of CEN on motor loops and excessive excitation of VIS and SMN, which provided evidence of the changes in brain dynamics associated with the occurrence of dyskinesia.
Measuring benefit from non‐surgical interventions in otolaryngology for different conditions, using the revised 5‐factor Glasgow Benefit Inventory
Authors: Kubba Haytham , Whitmer William M. , Browning George G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) has been extensively used to report the benefit from otolaryngological surgery. Benefit from non‐surgical management has not been reported, despite this being the outcome of most otolaryngology and audiology consultations.DesignGBI responses from 4543 adults from the Scottish ENT Outcome Study were categorised by diagnosis. Benefit scores for different interventions within diagnostic categories for which surgery was not a potential management are reported using the revised 5‐factor Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI‐5F; 15 questions and 5 factors).SettingAdult otolaryngology outpatient clinics in six university hospitals.ParticipantsAdults seen with conditions that had no surgical option and given non‐surgical management.ResultsOverall, 80% of participants managed in Scottish Ear Nose and Throat Outcome Study (SENTOS) did not have surgery. A total of 1373 (30%) participants with various diagnoses were given reassurance and advice with no active intervention. There was no change in their GBI‐5F total or factor scores, suggesting that they did not come to harm from their lack of active intervention. Hearing aids for bilateral sensorineural hearing loss gave greater benefit than reassurance in all factors, though individuals with a conductive impairment reported greater benefit in the Quality of life factor than those with a sensorineural impairment. Hearing aids and maskers produced benefit in the Support factor for patients with tinnitus. Epley's manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo gave benefit in the total score and the Quality of life factor compared with reassurance. Systemic medication for laryngo‐pharyngeal reflux and topical medication for otitis externa gave no greater benefit in any factor or the total score compared with reassurance.ConclusionThe GBI‐5F and its five factors give useful information for reporting the benefit of non‐surgical interventions in adult otolaryngology and audiology clinics.
A protocol for a prospective, multicentre observational study to determine if nonanaemic iron deficiency worsens postoperative outcome in patients undergoing elective surgery for resection of colorectal cancer: The NATO study
Authors: Miles Lachlan F. , Pac Soo Vanessa , Braat Sabine , Burgess Adele , Heritier Stephane , Smart Philip , Tan Nicole , Parker Anna , Burbury Kate L. , Story David A. ,   the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative absolute and functional iron deficiency anaemia is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. It is biologically plausible that “early”, or “nonanaemic” iron deficiency may also be associated with worse postoperative outcomes in similar cohorts, albeit at lesser severity than that seen for anaemia. The evidence supporting this assertion is of low quality.MethodsWe have designed a prospective, observational study to delineate associations between preoperative non‐anaemic iron deficiency and postoperative outcomes after surgery for colorectal cancer. Patients without anaemia, undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer will be allocated to an iron replete or an iron deficient group based on preoperative transferrin saturation. The primary outcome is days alive and at home on postoperative day 90. Secondary outcomes include days alive and at home on postoperative day 30, length of hospital stay, readmission to acute care, postoperative complications, health‐related quality of life scores, quality of postoperative recovery, and requirement for allogeneic blood transfusion. The planned sample size is 422 patients, which has 80% power to detect a two‐day difference in the primary outcome. The study commenced in May 2019.ConclusionThe results of this study will provide patients and clinicians with high‐quality evidence concerning associations between nonanaemic iron deficiency and patient‐centred outcomes after surgery for colorectal cancer. The study will be conducted in multiple urban and rural centres across Australia and New Zealand. The results will be highly generalisable to contemporary surgical practice and should be rapidly translated.
Major renal morbidity following elective rectal cancer resection by the type of diverting ostomy
Authors: Loria Anthony , Z. Becerra Adan , D. Melucci Alexa , Ghaffar Aqsa , Croft Ashley , A. Hanchett Virginia , K. Temple Larissa , J. Fleming Fergal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimPatients with rectal cancer often undergo faecal diversion, yet the existing literature cursorily reports renal sequelae by the type of ostomy. We aimed to determine whether the presence of an ileostomy or colostomy was associated with postoperative renal morbidity.MethodsWe identified patients with rectal cancer undergoing elective resection with primary anastomosis without diversion, with an ileostomy and with a colostomy by 21 possible procedures in the colectomy‐ and proctectomy‐specific National Surgical Quality Improvement Program files. The odds of major renal events (renal failure [dialysis initiated] or progressive renal insufficiency [>2 mg/dl increase in creatinine without dialysis]), progressive renal insufficiency alone and readmissions were assessed using propensity score weighting and logistic regression.ResultsOf 15 075 patients (63.7% Stage II–III, 85.7% creatinine values obtained ≤30 days preoperatively), 37.7% were not diverted, 39.5% had an ileostomy and 22.9% a colostomy. Compared to non‐diverted patients, diversion was associated with major renal events (ileostomy, odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–2.9; colostomy, OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.5), progressive renal insufficiency (ileostomy, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–3.5; colostomy, OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9), readmissions for renal failure (ileostomy, OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.1–5.0; colostomy, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6–4.1) and readmissions for fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (ileostomy, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.3; colostomy, OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6).ConclusionDiverting ostomies after elective rectal cancer resection are strongly associated with renal morbidity. The decision to divert is complex, and it is unclear whether select patients may benefit from a colostomy from a renal perspective.
Pathogen surveillance and epidemiology in endangered peninsular bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni)
Authors: Sanchez Jessica N. , Munk Brandon A. , Colby Janene , Torres Steve G. , Gonzales Ben J. , DeForge James R. , Byard Aimee J. , Konde Lora , Shirkey Nicholas J. , Pandit Pranav S. , Botta Randy A. , Roug Annette , Ziccardi Michael H. , Johnson Christine K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeninsular bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) are found exclusively in Southern California and Baja Mexico. They are federally endangered due to multiple threats, including introduced infectious disease. From 1981 to 2017, we conducted surveillance for 16 pathogens and estimated population sizes, adult survival, and lamb survival. We used mixed effects regression models to assess disease patterns at the individual and population levels. Pathogen infection/exposure prevalence varied both spatially and temporally. Our findings indicate that the primary predictor of individual pathogen infection/exposure was the region in which an animal was captured, implying that transmission is driven by local ecological or behavioral factors. Higher Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae seropositivity was associated with lower lamb survival, consistent with lambs having high rates of pneumonia‐associated mortality, which may be slowing population recovery. There was no association between M. ovipneumoniae and adult survival. Adult survival was positively associated with population size and parainfluenza‐3 virus seroprevalence in the same year, and orf virus seroprevalence in the previous year. Peninsular bighorn sheep are recovering from small population sizes in a habitat of environmental extremes, compounded by infectious disease. Our research can help inform future pathogen surveillance and population monitoring for the long‐term conservation of this population.
“Word and World: Luther Across Borders” The 14th International Congress for Luther Research, Thousand Oaks, California, 2022
Authors: Leppin Volker , Stjerna Kirsi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReporting on the 14th International Congress for Luther Research, "Word and World: Luther across Borders," held in Thousand Oaks, California, on August 14–19, 2022, with brief reflections on the history, rationale, and organization of the Congress, as well as on future opportunities for Luther scholarship to engage.
A case of fetal isolated ventricular noncompaction with TNNT2 gene mutation and literature review
Authors: Zhang Huijing , Guo Yongbing , Kang Jinling , He Yingdong , Yang Huixia , Sun Yu , Fan Lixin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundVentricular noncompaction (VNC) is a cardiomyopathy characterized by overdeveloped ventricular trabeculaes and deep recess, which has been rarely reported.Case presentationA 29‐year‐old Chinese pregnant woman with no obvious fetal abnormality in regular prenatal examination during first and second trimester. However, at 32 weeks of gestation, both obstetric growth scan and fetal echocardiogram revealed an enlarged heart with grid‐like changes at the apical region. Eventually, the genetic and autopsy findings indicated the deceased infant with VNC.ConclusionIsolated VNC could be detected prenatally, even during the late pregnancy. Fetuses suspected of VNC should be offered genetic tests.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of zirconia stabilized with increasing Y2O3, for use in dental restorations
Authors: Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Moschovas Dimitrios , Agathopoulos Simeon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present in vitro study aims at characterizing dental zirconia ceramics, which are stabilized with a high amount of Y2O3. Two groups of specimens were fabricated by computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing technique. The specimens of each group were divided into two subgroups (SGs): SGs 1a and 2a contained a relatively low amount of Y2O3 (6–8 wt.%), whereas SGs 1b and 2b contained a higher amount of Y2O3 (8–10 wt.%). The influence of yttria content on their microstructure and mechanical properties was experimentally determined. The statistical significance of the differences in the mechanical properties between the SGs was evaluated by the t‐test (p < 5% was considered statistically significant). Homogeneous and dense ceramics with fine nanostructure, comprising grains of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal and cubic zirconia, sized between ∼160 and ∼800 nm, were produced. The increase of yttria content, which causes an increase in grain size, favors the formation of cubic zirconia, resulting in mechanical properties’ slight reduction; yet, the differences were not statistically significant. Consequently, the mechanical properties (HV 11.74–12.91 GPa, and KIC 2.66–4.25 MPa m0.5) and the good esthetics of the investigated zirconia ceramics stabilized with high yttria content qualify these zirconia materials for fabricating dental restorations, because they can approach the properties and the esthetics of dental hard tissues as well as the tooth structure.
Effect of powdered vancomycin on stopping surgical site wound infections in neurosurgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Bo , He Yanli , Han Zian , Liu Tianjing , Zhang Xingye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of powdered vancomycin on stopping surgical site wound infections in neurosurgery. A systematic literature search up to July 2022 was performed and 24 137 subjects with neurosurgery at the baseline of the studies; 10 496 of them were using the powdered vancomycin, and 13 641 were not using the powdered vancomycin as a control. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of powdered vancomycin on stopping surgical site wound infections in neurosurgery using dichotomous methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. The powdered vancomycin had significantly lower surgical site wound infections after spinal surgery (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.70, P < .001), deep surgical site wound infections after spinal surgery (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.57, P < .001), superficial surgical site wound infections after spinal surgery (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43‐0.83, P = .002), and surgical site wound infections after cranial surgery (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.61, P < .001) compared to control in subjects with neurosurgery. The powdered vancomycin had significantly lower surgical site wound infections after spinal surgery, deep surgical site wound infections after spinal surgery, superficial surgical site wound infections after spinal surgery, and surgical site wound infections after cranial surgery compared to control in subjects with neurosurgery. The analysis of outcomes should be done with caution even though the low number of studies with low sample size, 3 out of the 42 studies, in the meta‐analysis, and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Changes in the foliar fungal community between oak leaf flushes along a latitudinal gradient in Europe
Authors: Gaytán Álvaro , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Faticov Maria , Moreira Xoaquín , Castagneyrol Bastien , Van Halder Inge , De Frenne Pieter , Meeussen Camille , Timmermans Bart G. H. , Ten Hoopen Jan P. J. G. , Rasmussen Pil U. , Bos Nick , Jaatinen Raimo , Pulkkinen Pertti , Söderlund Sara , Gotthard Karl , Pawlowski Katharina , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimLeaves support a large diversity of fungi, which are known to cause plant diseases, induce plant defences or influence leaf senescence and decomposition. To advance our understanding of how foliar fungal communities are structured and assembled, we assessed to what extent leaf flush and latitude can explain the within‐ and among‐tree variation in foliar fungal communities.LocationA latitudinal gradient spanning c. 20 degrees in latitude in Europe.TaxaThe foliar fungal community associated with a foundation tree species, the pedunculate oak Quercus robur.MethodsWe examined the main and interactive effects of leaf flush and latitude on the foliar fungal community by sampling 20 populations of the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across the tree's range. We used the ITS region as a target for characterization of fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding.ResultsSpecies composition, but not species richness, differed between leaf flushes. Across the latitudinal gradient, species richness was highest in the central part of the oak's distributional range, and foliar fungal community composition shifted along the latitudinal gradient. Among fungal guilds, the relative abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites was lower on the first leaf flush, and the relative abundance of plant pathogens and saprotrophs decreased with latitude.ConclusionsChanges in community composition between leaf flushes and along the latitudinal gradient were mostly a result of species turnover. Overall, our findings demonstrate that leaf flush and latitude explain 5%–22% of the small‐ and large‐scale spatial variation in the foliar fungal community on a foundation tree within the temperate region. Using space‐for‐time substitution, we expect that foliar fungal community structure will change with climate warming, with an increase in the abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites at higher latitudes, with major consequences for plant health, species interactions and ecosystem dynamics.
Patterns of students' collaborations by variations in their learning orientations in blended course designs: How is it associated with academic achievement?
Authors: Han Feifei , Ellis Robert A. , Guan Enjing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile a number of learner factors have been identified to impact students' collaborative learning, there has been little systematic research into how patterns of students' collaborative learning may differ by their learning orientations.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate: (1) variations in students' learning orientations by their conceptions, approaches, and perceptions; (2) the patterns of students' collaborations by variations in their learning orientations and (3) the contribution of patterns of collaborations to academic achievement.MethodsA cohort of 174 Chinese undergraduates in a blended engineering course were surveyed for their conceptions of learning, approaches to learning and to using online learning technologies, and perceptions of e‐learning, to identify variations in their learning orientations. Students' collaborations and mode of collaborations were collected through an open‐ended social network analysis (SNA) questionnaire.Results and ConclusionsA hierarchical cluster analysis identified an ‘understanding’ and ‘reproducing’ learning orientations. Based on students' learning orientations and their choices to collaborate, students were categorized into three mutually exclusive collaborative group, namely Understanding Collaborative group, Reproducing Collaborative group and Mixed Collaborative group. SNA centrality measures demonstrated that students in the Understanding Collaborative group had more collaborations and stayed in a better position in terms of capacity to gather information. Both students' approaches to learning and students' average collaborations significantly contributed to their academic achievement, explaining 3% and 4% of variance in their academic achievement respectively. The results suggest that fostering a desirable learning orientation may help improve students' collaborative learning.