bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of the nation‐state during the Age of Revolution: Revisiting the debate on the roots of nations and nationalism
Authors: Storm Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent historical studies tend to confirm the antimodernist interpretation, emphasizing the strong premodern roots of nations and nationalism. However, a broad comparative analysis of the rise of the nation‐state during the Age of Revolution shows that earlier notions of nationhood did not have a significant role in the creation of nation‐states in Europe and the Americas. They were not the consequence of a glorious national revolt, but of a clash between the Old Regime and new ideals of political legitimacy. Many of these conflicts led to civil wars and the survival of the nation‐state was mostly determined by the geopolitical constellation. The boundaries of the nation were defined in terms of civilization, whereas language and culture were largely irrelevant. Within these new nation‐states, a universalist nationalization process began. In many instances, citizenship was awarded easier to foreigners than to “uncivilized” inhabitants, while Classical Antiquity was preferred over the national past.
Consistent diurnal pattern of leaf respiration in the light among contrasting species and climates
Authors: Faber Andreas H. , Griffin Kevin L. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Pagter Majken , Yang Jinyan , Bruhn Dan 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Leaf daytime respiration (leaf respiration in the light, RL) is often assumed to constitute a fixed fraction of leaf dark respiration (RD) (i.e. a fixed light inhibition of respiration (RD)) and vary diurnally due to temperature fluctuations.

These assumptions were tested by measuring RL, RD and the light inhibition of RD in the field at a constant temperature using the Kok method. Measurements were conducted diurnally on 21 different species: 13 deciduous, four evergreen and four herbaceous from humid continental and humid subtropical climates.

RL and RD showed significant diurnal variations and the diurnal pattern differed in trajectory and magnitude between climates, but not between plant functional types (PFTs). The light inhibition of RD varied diurnally and differed between climates and in trajectory between PFTs.

The results highlight the entrainment of leaf daytime respiration to the diurnal cycle and that time of day should be accounted for in studies seeking to examine the environmental and biological drivers of leaf daytime respiration.
Life course traumas and cardiovascular disease—the mediating role of accelerated aging
Authors: Cao Xingqi , Zhang Jingyun , Ma Chao , Li Xueqin , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Levine Morgan E. , Hu Guoqing , Allore Heather , Chen Xi , Wu Xifeng , Liu Zuyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complex relationship between life course traumas and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the underpinning pathways are poorly understood. We aimed to (1) examine the associations of three separate assessments including childhood, adulthood (after 16 years of age), and lifetime traumas (childhood or adulthood) with CVD; (2) examine the associations between diverse life course traumatic profiles and CVD; and (3) examine the extent to which PhenoAge, a well‐developed phenotypic aging measure, mediated these associations. Using data from 104,939 participants from the UK Biobank, we demonstrate that subgroups of childhood, adulthood, and lifetime traumas were associated with CVD. Furthermore, life course traumatic profiles were significantly associated with CVD. For instance, compared with the subgroup experiencing nonsevere traumas across life course, those who experiencednonsevere childhood and severe adulthood traumas,severe childhood and nonsevere adulthood traumas, orsevere traumas across life coursehad significantly higher odds of CVD (odds ratios: 1.07–1.33). Formal mediation analyses suggested that phenotypic aging partially mediated the above associations. These findings suggest a potential pathway from life course traumas to CVD through phenotypic aging, and underscore the importance of policy programs targeting traumas over the life course in ameliorating inequalities in cardiovascular health.
Disagreement, the Independence Thesis, and the Value of Repeated Reasoning
Authors: Brauer Ethan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe problem of peer disagreement is to explain how you should respond when you and a peer have the same evidence bearing on some proposition and are equally competent epistemic agents, yet have reached opposite conclusions about . According to Christensen's Independence Thesis, in assessing the effect of your peer's disagreement, you must not rely on the reasoning behind your initial belief. I note that ‘the reasoning behind your initial belief’ can be given either a token or type reading. I argue that the type reading is false, but the token reading is extremely weak.
Fatal nocardiosis infection in a pediatric patient with an immunodeficiency after heart re‐transplantation
Authors: Mai Daniel H. , Sedler Jennifer , Weinberg Kenneth , Bernstein Daniel , Schroeder Alan , Mathew Roshni , Chen Sharon , Lee Donna , Dykes John C. , Hollander Seth A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNocardia infections are rare opportunistic infections in SOT recipients, with few reported pediatric cases. Pediatric patients with single ventricle congenital heart defects requiring HT may be more susceptible to opportunistic infections due to a decreased T‐cell repertoire from early thymectomy and potential immunodeficiencies related to their congenital heart disease. Other risk factors in SOT recipients include the use of immunosuppressive medications and the development of persistent lymphopenia, delayed count recovery and/or lymphocyte dysfunction.MethodsWe report the case of a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent neonatal congenital heart surgery (with thymectomy) prior to palliative surgery and 2 HTs.ResultsAfter developing respiratory and neurological symptoms, the patient was found to be positive for Nocardia farcinica by BAL culture and cerebrospinal fluid PCR. Immune cell phenotyping demonstrated an attenuated T and B‐cell repertoire. Despite antibiotic and immunoglobulin therapy, his symptoms worsened and he was subsequently discharged with hospice care.ConclusionPediatric patients with a history of congenital heart defects who undergo neonatal thymectomy prior to heart transplantation and a long‐term history of immunosuppression should undergo routine immune system profiling to evaluate for T‐ and B‐cell deficiency as risk factors for opportunistic infection. Such patients could benefit from long‐term therapy with TMP/SMX for optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis, with desensitization as needed for allergies. Disseminated nocardiosis should be considered when evaluating acutely ill SOT recipients, especially those with persistent lymphopenia and known or suspected secondary immunodeficiencies.
Progress and prospects of C4 trait engineering in plants
Authors: Pradhan B. , Panda D. , Bishi S. K. , Chakraborty K. , Muthusamy S. K. , Lenka S. K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncorporating C4 photosynthetic traits into C3 crops is a rational approach for sustaining future demands for crop productivity. Using classical plant breeding, engineering this complex trait is unlikely to achieve its target. Therefore, it is critical and timely to implement novel biotechnological crop improvement strategies to accomplish this goal. However, a fundamental understanding of C3, C4, and C3–C4 intermediate metabolism is crucial for the targeted use of biotechnological tools. This review assesses recent progress towards engineering C4 photosynthetic traits in C3 crops. We also discuss lessons learned from successes and failures of recent genetic engineering attempts in C3 crops, highlighting the pros and cons of using rice as a model plant for short‐, medium‐ and long‐term goals of genetic engineering. This review provides an integrated approach towards engineering improved photosynthetic efficiency in C3 crops for sustaining food, fibre and fuel production around the globe.
Do water and soil nutrient scarcities differentially impact the performance of diploid and tetraploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod, Asteraceae)?
Authors: Walczyk A. M. , Hersch‐Green E. I. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Plants require water and nutrients for survival, although the effects of their availabilities on plant fitness differ amongst species. Genome size variation, within and across species, is suspected to influence plant water and nutrient requirements, but little is known about how variations in these resources concurrently affect plant fitness based on genome size. We examined how genome size variation between autopolyploid cytotypes influences plant morphological and physiological traits, and whether cytotype‐specific trait responses differ based on water and/or nutrient availability.

Diploid and autotetraploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) were grown in a greenhouse under four soil water:N+P treatments (L:L, L:H, H:L, H:H), and stomata characteristics (size, density), growth (above‐ and belowground biomass, R/S), and physiological (Anet, E, WUE) responses were measured.

Resource availabilities and cytotype identity influenced some plant responses but their effects were independent of each other. Plants grown in high‐water and nutrient treatments were larger, plants grown in low‐water or high‐nutrient treatments had higher WUE but lower E, and Anet and E rates decreased as plants aged. Autotetraploids also had larger and fewer stomata, higher biomass and larger Anet than diploids.

Nutrient and water availability could influence intra‐ and interspecific competitive outcomes. Although S. gigantea cytotypes were not differentially affected by resource treatments, genome size may influence cytogeographic range patterning and population establishment likelihood. For instance, the larger size of autotetraploid S. gigantea might render them more competitive for resources and niche space than diploids.
COVID‐19, asylum seekers, and migrants on the Mexico–U.S. border: Creating states of exception
Authors: Garrett Terence M. , Sementelli Arthur J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic illuminates possibilities for creating states of exception while simultaneously destabilizing the Mexico–U.S. border through the politics of fear. Specifically, the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), Zero Tolerance Policy (ZTP), COVID‐19 CAPIO, Asylum Cooperative Agreements (ACA), and Title 42—using the pandemic under an arcane section of U.S. law to immediately expel asylum seekers and refugees, in particular—highlight the formation of a state of exception consistent with the work of Agamben. They also document how the politics of fear is used to reinforce hegemonic narratives targeting asylum seekers while attempting to reinforce political agendas that lean toward a specific brand of nationalism using the lens of public health as a context. The U.S. government under the Trump administration, and the Biden administration to a lesser extent, constructed these policies aimed primarily at refugees and asylum seekers from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico, thereby violating laws and international treaty obligations.Related ArticlesCorrea‐Cabrera, Guadalupe. 2013. “Security, Migration, and the Economy in the Texas–Tamaulipas Border Region: The ‘Real’ Effects of Mexico's Drug War.” Politics & Policy 41(1): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12005.Duman, Yoav H. 2014. “Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 187–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12065.Garrett, Terence M. 2020. “The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump's Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 372–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348.
Trump's tweets as policy narratives: Constructing the immigration issue via social media
Authors: Merry Melissa K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study uses the Narrative Policy Framework to examine President Trump's tweets about immigration policy from 2011 to 2020. Based on a content analysis of 1733 tweets, I show that Trump's policy narratives centered on the villain character type, though the actual villains varied over time, and that the hero character became increasingly prominent throughout Trump's administration. While the characters, settings, and solutions in Trump's immigration policy tweets fluctuated, they were consistent with a narrative strategy of conflict expansion, focusing on threats from dangerous “outsiders” and the neutralization of those threats by Trump and his allies in the Republican Party and law enforcement. I demonstrate that tweets featuring villains and victims were positively associated with retweets and replies, while tweets featuring heroes were negatively associated with retweets and replies. This research suggests that Trump's immigration policy tweets were strategic, though his efforts to shape immigration policy may have been secondary to his political goals of securing electoral victories and amassing power.Related ArticlesChang, Katherine T., and Elizabeth A. Koebele. 2020. “What Drives Coalitions' Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 618–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12367.Garrett, Terence Michael. 2020. “The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump's Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 372–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348.Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x.
You can't be what you can't see: The role of gender in the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship
Authors: Oggero Noemi , Devicienti Francesco , Rossi Mariacristina , Vannoni Davide 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship varies between sons and daughters and whether such a process depends on living in a country characterized by a high gender gap. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe data set, we find that the effect on daughters' entrepreneurial choices of having an entrepreneur as father is lower than the one on sons only in countries with a high gender gap. Moreover, it is just in countries with high gender inequality that the effect of having an entrepreneurial mother is different between sons and daughters, with the impact being positive for daughters only. We also develop an individual‐level indicator of gender gap within countries that corroborates our findings, which we interpret as evidence of the presence of a role‐modeling mechanism. However, we find evidence of convergence across time of the intergenerational transmission process to the gender‐independent transfer typical of more gender‐equal countries.
Characterization and ex vivo evaluation of excised skin samples as substitutes for human dermal barrier in pharmaceutical and dermatological studies
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya , Klang Victoria , Schweiger Eva‐Maria , Varga‐Medveczky Zsófia , Mihály Anna , Pongor Csaba , Révész Zsolt , Somogyi Zoltán , Erdő Franciska 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcised animal and human skins are frequently used in permeability testing in pharmaceutical research. Several factors exist that may have influence on the results. In the current study some of the skin parameters that may affect drug permeability were analysed for human, mouse, rat and pig skin.Materials and methodsClassic biophysical skin parameters were measured (e.g. pH, hydration, permittivity, transepidermal water loss). Physiological characteristics of the skins were also analysed by confocal Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and two‐photon microscopy.ResultsBased on biophysical testing, skin barrier function was damaged in psoriatic mouse skin and in marketed pig skin. Hydration and pH values were similar among the species, but freezing and thawing reduced the water content of the skins and shifted the surface pH to acidic. Aging reduced hydration and permittivity, resulting in impaired barrier function. Mechanical sensitization used in permeability studies resulted in proportional thinning of dead epidermis.DiscussionResults indicate that depending on the scientific question it should be considered whether fresh or frozen tissue is used, and for certain purposes rodent skins are well usable. The structure of the skin tissue (ceramide, cholesterol, keratin, natural moisturizing factor or urea) is similar in rats and mice, but due to the higher skin thickness the lipid distribution is different in porcine skin. Psoriasis led to irregular chemical composition of the skin.ConclusionA comprehensive evaluation of skin samples of four species was performed. The biophysical and microscopic observations should be considered when selecting drug penetration models and experimental conditions.
Application of a modified nictitating membrane flap in a fledgling feral pigeon (Columba livia domestica) with bullous keratopathy
Authors: Jung Sunjun , Rhim Haerin , Kim Namsoo , Han Jae‐Ik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA fledgling feral pigeon with systemic protozoal infection was referred with corneal protrusion in the right eye after being treated for a corneal ulcer for 12 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed a corneal bulla covering almost the entire central cornea and preventing the eyelids from closing. Gelatinous corneal stroma with numerous heterophils surrounding the corneal bulla was also detected on cytologic examination. Bullous keratopathy and melting keratitis in the right eye were diagnosed. Temporary tarsorrhaphy with topical eye drops was prescribed for a week; however, the bulla persisted. A modified nictitating membrane flap was created under general anesthesia and maintained for 2 weeks. The corneal bulla resolved, and corneal thickness was restored. The pigeon was presented again with recurrence of the corneal bulla in the right eye after 45 days. Alternative surgical options were recommended; however, the pigeon was euthanized because the protozoa‐induced intra‐oral and intra‐aural masses caused malformation of the beaks, which made voluntary feeding impossible.
Theoretical models and statistical modelling of linguistic epicentres
Authors: Bernaisch Tobias , Gries Stefan Th. , Heller Benedikt 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivated by a fundamental discussion of the relation between theoretical and statistical modelling, the present paper takes stock of the research history of linguistic epicentres in the world Englishes paradigm and seeks to provide suggestions for future epicentral studies. Based on a review of earlier research into potential epicentral constellations, we provide an overview of the genesis of the concept of linguistic epicentres, describe different methodological approaches that have been chosen and/or recommended for their study and provide statistical comments. With a view to future epicentral research, we aim at (i) refining the theoretical construct of linguistic epicentres, (ii) suggesting empirical methods that allow identifying epicentral constellations more reliably than in the past and (iii) making statistical recommendations particularly relevant to epicentral research.
Epicentral influences of Indian English on Nepali English
Authors: Götz Sandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present paper investigates India's potential role as a linguistic epicentre for Nepal by conducting a short‐term diachronic follow‐up study of Bernaisch and Lange (2012) that is based on theSouth Asian Varieties of Englishcorpus. Based on the recently updated version of the corpus with similar data from a decade later, a potential spread of the presentationalitselfconstruction with an adverbial focus, which has allegedly spread in Nepal originating in Indian English, is investigated. Also, possible instances of invariant use ofitself, that are frequently used in Indian English, will be scrutinized. While findings indeed show an increase of the adverbial focus construction, supporting India's role as an epicentre for the region, only one invariant use of the feature can be documented in Nepali English, which can tentatively be interpreted as a selection process that might be at play in the acceptance and spread of certain epicentrally induced features over others.
Epicentral effects on ‐ed/‐tinflectional variation in Australasian Englishes 1850–2020
Authors: Peters Pam , Smith Adam , Korhonen Minna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research examines the possibility of epicentral influence of AusE on NZE, focusing on morphosyntactic variation over 170 years in verb inflections (‐ed/‐t) for the past tense/participles of a set of 12 verbs includingburn,learn,spell,spoil. To obtain a diachronic perspective on them in Australasian Englishes we use historical data from 19th‐ and 20th‐century corpora, and 21st‐century data from the NOW corpus of online news. Most verbs show increasing use of‐tforms in AusE from the 19th to 20th century, and an increase in NZE in the later 20th century, which could be construed as epicentral influence from west to east. But in 21st‐century data from NOW, the‐ed/‐tbalance shifts to‐edin both Australasian varieties for eight out of 12 verbs. The fact that ‐tusage on some remains higher in contemporary NZE than AusE suggests a kind of epicentral lag.
Zoonotic Babesia microti infection in wild rodents in Erzurum province, northeastern Turkey
Authors: Guven Esin , Akyuz Muzaffer , Kirman Ridvan , Balkaya Ibrahim , Avcioglu Hamza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWild rodents are natural reservoir hosts of various pathogens, including Babesia microti. This study investigated the presence of B. microti in rodents from Erzurum province in Turkey. A total of 498 rodents and 21 rodent‐fed ticks were analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to test for the presence of B. microti. Babesia spp. were detected in three (0.6%) of the 498 rodent spleen samples. The Babesia‐positive rodent species were identified as Microtus socialis by means of molecular analysis. The rodent‐fed ticks comprised 15 Ixodes laguri and 6 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, none of which tested positive for Babesia spp. A sequence analysis of the 18S PCR amplicons confirmed the three Babesia‐positive samples to be B. microti. The Erzurum isolates were 100% identical to the zoonotic Jena strain. The results of this study indicate the existence of zoonotic B. microti strains that may constitute a potential public health risk in Erzurum province. Future studies should determine the tick vector and other reservoir rodent species of B. microti in Erzurum.