bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disenfranchised grief and early pregnancy loss – apropos a clinical case
Authors: Ramos S. Freitas , Jesus B. , Vaz Soares M.I. Fonseca Marinho , Correia J. Martins , Mendes J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPerinatal death includes losses such as ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Perinatal loss has well documented negative effects on the health of the bereaved parents. Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is the spontaneous death of a fetus within the first 20 weeks of gestation.ObjectivesTo describe a clinical case of disenfranchised grief following EPL and to review the literature.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical file of a patient presenting to the psychiatry outpatient clinic with disenfranchised grief. We conducted a non-systematic review on PubMed and Google Scholar.ResultsA 29-years-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic with depressive symptoms and thoughts of death. The symptoms had begun 4 months earlier, following the loss of pregnancy at 14 weeks. She felt her grief was not accepted by her family and social network. Progressively, her relationships deteriorated, and she felt more and more isolated. She experienced marked difficulty in caring for her older child. Compared to other types of mourning, the loss of a child is associated with grief experience that is particularly severe and complicated. Despite the high prevalence of EPL, many women suffer in silence due to the common belief these losses are insignificant and may develop complicated grief.ConclusionsPerinatal loss of an infant has the potential to have a large impact on the mental health of the bereaved parents. Literature on the efficacy of different interventions is still scarce. Further studies are necessary on prevention strategies and interventions for parents already suffering from complicated grief or depressive disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mental health of Tunisian women during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sediri S. , Zgueb Y. , Aissa A. , Ouali U. , Nacef F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a situation of general distress. Although the focus has been initially more on the physical health during the pandemic, mental health concerns linked to the lockdown have quickly risen.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on Tunisian women’s mental health.MethodsAn online survey was conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21). We also collected sociodemographic information and mental health status.ResultsA total of 751 women completed the questionnaire. More than half of the participants (57.3%) reported extremely severe distress symptoms, and 53.1% had extremely severe stress symptoms as per the DASS-21. Those who had a history of mental illness were found to have more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress.ConclusionsAs this study was the first one to evaluate the acute impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Tunisia, Arab world and in Africa, it may be a sound basis for developing an effective psychological intervention aimed at women in these regions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Problematic facebook use during COVID-19 pandemic among Tunisian women
Authors: Sediri S. , Zgueb Y. , Aissa A. , Ouali U. , Nacef F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDue to COVID-19 pandemic, the Tunisian government officially announced a lockdown on March 2020. This decision caused a significant change in the everyday life of Tunisians such as movement restriction revealing the psychosocial aspect of this crisis.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Tunisian women and its association with social media addiction.Methods
This study was conducted using an online survey, between April 25 and May 6, 2020. Women were asked about sociodemographic information, lockdown conditions. The Facebook Bergen Addiction Scale (FBAS) was used to evaluate addiction to Facebook and social media. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress.Results
We included 751 participants. Scores of the FBAS ranged from 6 to 30 and the mean score was 16.49 (± 5.4). Forty percent (n = 300) of respondents might have facebook addiction, as per the scale. A significant positive correlation was found between Facebook addiction score and DASS scores of depression (p = 0.001, r = 0.43), anxiety (p = 0.001, r = 0.39) and stress (p = 0.001, r = 0.41).ConclusionsWomen who have higher rates of distress are more likely to have a problematic Facebook use during the COVID-19 pandemic which suggests that smartphone and internet use may be part of coping strategies implemented for the emotional distress secondary to this pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A review of pregnancy counseling with abnormal fetuses
Authors: Haqshenas S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThis review study examines the cases of improving the therapeutic skills of therapists and areas of counseling and the important cases that midwives have to provide services and manage conditions if Diagnosis of an abnormal fetus requires attention.ObjectivesWe aim to find the best ways of counseling for helping parents with diagnosed abnormal fetusesMethodsA search conducted by using the keywords congenital anomalies, psychological counseling, prenatal counseling in PubMed, science direct, clinical key and Google scholar search engine. after screening, the complete data of 20 articles were included in this review article.ResultsThe results showed that pregnancy counseling with abnormal fetuses includes medical and psychological counseling. In medical counseling, knowledge of the types of tests and their interpretation is important, and prenatal screening training programs for health care providers should be revised based on their educational needs. In psychological counseling, to meet the needs of a changing population of clients Midwives in the context of the wider healthcare system need accurate knowledge of religious beliefs and cultural contexts of their clients in order to take the best approach to relevant care. The occurrence of a diagnosis of congenital anomaly during transmission to parents adds to the accumulation of stress-related events that may increase the risk of developing psychological symptoms in the early stages after diagnosis.ConclusionsConsidering the different cultures of different countries of the world, midwifery counseling skills play an important part in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Therefore, creating extraordinary educational programs on university education is needed for midwives.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An overview of the psychological effects of common contraceptive methods on women
Authors: Haqshenas S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe psychological effects of using any method of contraception are not hidden from anyone but in different methods, they have different effects.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate the different psychological effects of common contraceptive methods in women.MethodsA search conducted by keywords “contraception”, “psychological effects” and “women” in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Clinical Key and Google Scholar search engine. Finally, data from 12 articles were used for this review study.ResultsThe positive and negative psychological effects were slightly different in consumers. The effect of OC and IUD and sterilization on sex life compared to condoms was reported to be positive and in menstrual experiences, OC consumers reported higher satisfaction than other methods, in particular, IUD. The regret in using sterilization was higher than in other methods. Psychopathological disorders and psychological disorders developed while using these methods should be differentiated. Negative psychological effects of women using contraceptive methods are often due to their mental background to a mother’s role and fertility and the conflict that exists in these methods with their mental image. Also, cooperation and understanding of spouses on the acceptance of these methods and their positive or negative impact has been reported to be very effective.ConclusionsBefore providing any method of contraception, it is recommended to provide comprehensive counseling on each method and follow up with women while consuming to reduce these symptoms and improving their effectiveness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Galactorrhoea as a side effect due to Bupropion- a case report
Authors: Bhandutia D. , Nayok S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBupropion is a NDRI antidepressant with action on both serotonin and nicotinic receptors. Endocrine and sexual adverse effects are very rare and hence very unlikely to cause hyperprolactinemia. We report a case of a patient who developed galactorrhoea following Bupropion augmentation of Escitalopram. A 24 yr old unmarried nulliparous female was brought with complaints of low mood, loss of interest, decreased concentration in studies from 20 days. She was also reported to be smoking cigarettes since 2 years with occasional alcohol use. There was no menstrual abnormalities nor any use of regular medication. On MSE there was depressed affect with negative cognition and occasional death wishes with normal perception. HAM-D Score was 17-19. She was started on Escitalopram 10 mg/day and Clonazepam 0.5 mg/day. Depressive symptoms improved and 2 weeks later Bupropion 150 mg/day was added as anti-craving and for augmentation owing to residual depressive symptoms.ObjectivesBupropion induced GalactorrhoeaMethodsCross-sectionalResultsWithin 2 weeks of starting Bupropion, she reported with complaint of galactorrhoea. Prolactin level came out to be 28.67 ug/L. Brain imaging was also reported to be normal. Escitalopram was stopped and substituted with Mirtazapine 7.5 mg/day, continued for a week. There was no improvement, hence Mirtazapine and Bupropion were discontinued and started on Sertraline 25 mg/day. Galactorrhoea started reducing within next 4-5 days and completely subsided within a week of stopping Bupropion.ConclusionsBupropion has action on serotonin receptors which might be hypothesized as cause. Also, it is a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor, causing increase levels of Escitalopram.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Depressive disorders after mild craniocerebral injuries in young females
Authors: Syrmos N. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:Craniocerebral injuries are serious traumatic situationsObjectives:Aim of this study is to present cases of deppresive disorders after mild craniocerebral injuries in young femalesMethods:8 cases are presented. Range of age between 15 and 30 years old. All of them reported depressive disorders during the post traumatic period after mild craniocerebral injuries mainly due to road traffic accidents.Results:All of them they receive appropriate neurological, psychiatric, psycological and rehabilitation support and treatment. They managed to have a good outcome after 12 months follow up.Conclusions:The development of depressive disorders after such traumatic events remains a strong predictor of a variety of difunctions (social, personal, work etc). The emergence of depressive disorders in many cases remains unexplored and poorly understood. The effect into the the overall health remains a very important factor to investigate. The combination and collaboration of the various medical disciplines is essential in order to help young people.Disclosure:No significant relationships.
Early career psychiatrists in europe during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results of the EPA ECPC-EFPT cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gondek T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyThe COVID-19 outbreak has left its mark on the work of mental health care staff. Many professionals had to radically change their working conditions or were delegated to work in different facilities, in many cases taking on different responsibilities with little time for training. Many psychiatrists overnight had to partially or fully start working within telemedicine. Due to the lockdown, psychiatric trainees in many countries were not able to complete their training as planned. The measures taken by the governments to limit the impact of the pandemic also affected the capacity to conduct research studies and directions of new research initiatives. Dr. Gondek will present the results of the EPA ECPC-EFPT Cross-sectional survey on the effects of the outbreak on work and wellbeing of Early Career Psychiatrists in Europe.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Presentation and outcomes of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in females and males
Authors: Kilic O. , Young S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Its primary clinical features include symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, although young people often present with emotional dysregulation, excessive mind-wandering and executive dysfunction. Symptoms of ADHD often persist into adulthood together with high rates of comorbidity and significant psychosocial impairment across the lifespan. Berry, Shaywitz and Shaywitz proposed over 30 years ago that girls with ADHD form a ‘silent minority’ with greater internalized behavior which leads them to be under-identified. Even when referred for clinical assessment, their ADHD symptoms are missed or misdiagnosed for other conditions such as anxiety, depression and personality disorder. This means they will not receive the treatment they need. Compared with controls, they may be especially vulnerable to childhood adversities and health problems and they may cope with these difficulties with dysfunctional strategies (eg. with substance misuse and/or deliberate self-harming behaviours). If we are to enhance long-term outcomes in girls and women with ADHD, healthcare practitioners need to better understand the presentation of ADHD in females, improve detection and assessment of ADHD in order that they may access appropriate treatment. This workshop will focus on the differences in presentation and outcomes between males and females with ADHD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neuroimaging in ADHD: How far are scanners from clinical psychiatry?
Authors: Pereira-Sanchez V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyDecades of neuroimaging research in attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have yielded a few apparently firm findings and many open questions. The long-term objective of these efforts is to uncover the underlying brain pathophysiology of the disorder, to reveal reliable biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response, striving for personalized medicine. Unfortunately, neuroimaging research in ADHD and other psychiatric disorders is still unable to inform clinical practice. This presentation will provide an up-to-date overview of neuroimaging in ADHD, highlighting the most promising results and current challenges of structural and functional research with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Evidence from large, multicentric studies and from highly-sophisticated resting-state functional MRI techniques will be presented; methodological and reproducibility limitations in current literature will be introduced, and the way forward to bring this area of research closer to clinical practice with patients with ADHD will be discused. Dr. Pereira-Sanchez is conducting original research using resting-state functional MRI to study potential correlates of treatment response to stimulants in children and adolescents with ADHD; he has also recently published two literature reviews of MRI studies in ADHD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pharmacological approaches of ADHD
Authors: Cooper R. , Williams E. , Seegobin S. , Tye C. , Kuntsi J. , Asherson P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyAdults with ADHD describe self-medicating with cannabis. A small number of psychiatrists in the US prescribe cannabis medication for ADHD, despite there being no evidence from trials. The EMA-C trial (Experimental Medicine in ADHD-Cannabinoids) was a pilot randomised placebo-controlled experimental study of a cannabinoid medication, Sativex Oromucosal Spray, in 30 adults with ADHD. The primary outcome was cognitive performance and activity level using the QbTest. Secondary outcomes included ADHD and emotional lability (EL) symptoms. From 17.07.14-18.06.15, 30 participants were randomly assigned to the active (n=15) or placebo (n=15) group. For the primary outcome, no significant difference was found in the intent-to-treat analysis although the overall pattern of scores was such that the active group usually had scores that were better than the placebo group (Est=-0.17,95%CI-0.40-0.07, p=0.16, n=15/11 active/placebo). For secondary outcomes Sativex was associated with a nominally significant improvement in hyperactivity/impulsivity (p=0.03) and a cognitive measure of inhibition (p=0.05), and a trend towards improvement for inattention (p=0.10) and EL (p=0.11). Per-protocol effects were higher. Results did not meet significance following adjustment for multiple testing. One serious (muscular seizures/spasms) and three mild adverse events occurred in the active group and one serious (cardiovascular problems) adverse event in the placebo group. Adults with ADHD may represent a subgroup of individuals who experience a reduction of symptoms and no cognitive impairments following cannabinoid use. While not definitive, this study provides preliminary evidence supporting the self-medication theory of cannabis use in ADHD and the need for further studies of the endocannabinoid system in ADHD.DisclosureDuring this work-RC was a Ph.D. student funded by a grant to PA from Vifor Pharma. PA received funds (consultancy/sponsored talks/research/education) from Shire, Lilly, Novartis, Janssen, PCMScientific, Vifor Pharma, QBTech. Sativex was free from GW Pharm
The WHO-5 well-being scale and its correlation to depressive and manic symptoms among outpatients with bipolar disorder or unipolar depression
Authors: Straszek S. , Christensen A.-E. , Licht R. , Østergaard S. , Nielsen R. Ernst 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is a lack of longitudinal studies of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or unipolar depression (UD) in terms of psychological well-being as measured by the WHO-5 and the correlation to symptom scores. It is of interest to investigate whether the WHO-5 is useful in monitoring patients with mood disorders over time, as a tool in measurement-based care, and as a supplement to other psychometric measures.ObjectivesIn this study we investigate the correlation at baseline between the depressive symptom scores according to the 6-item Hamilton Depression Score (HDS-6) and the WHO-5 scores in outpatients treated for BD or UD. Furthermore, in patients with BD we investigate correlations between manic symptom scores according to the modified Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (MAS-M) and the WHO-5 scores. Lastly, in patients with BD or UD, we investigate the correlations between endpoint-baseline change in WHO-5 and change in MAS-M and HDS-6.MethodsA longitudinal study of 200 outpatients diagnosed and treated for either BD or UD. Patients will be measured at baseline and at least four weeks later. Baseline data are presented as frequencies, means and standard deviations or medians with interquartile ranges as appropriate. All correlations are presented as scatter plots and a Spearman correlation analysisResultsThe study is ongoing, but the results will be available for presentation at the EPA in 2021.ConclusionsThe WHO-5 may represent a relevant outcome measure in the treatment of BD and UD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self-injurious behaviour in patients with bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder after central stimulant start– a retrospective study based on the lisie cohort
Authors: Öhlund L. , Ott M. , Lundqvist R. , Sandlund M. , Renberg E. Salander , Werneke U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCurrently, our understanding remains limited of how co-occurring bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be treated.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of central stimulant treatment on self-injurious behaviour in patients with a dual diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder and ADHD.MethodsRetrospective cohort study (LiSIE) into effects and side-effects of lithium as compared to other mood stabilisers. Here, using a mirror-image design, we compared suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury events within 6 months and 2 years before and after central stimulant treatment start.ResultsOf 1564 eligible patients, 206 patients met inclusion criteria; having a dual diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder and ADHD at first central stimulant initiation. In these, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury events decreased significantly within both 6 months (p = 0.004) and 2 years (p = 0.028) after central stimulant start. After multiple adjustments, this effect was preserved 2 years after central stimulant start (OR 0.63, 95% CI; 0.40 – 0.98, p = 0.041).ConclusionsCentral stimulant treatment may reduce the risk of self-injurious behavior in patients with a dual diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder and ADHD. However, to reduce the risk of manic switches, concomitant mood stabilising treatment remains warranted.DisclosureMichael Ott has been a scientific advisory board member of Astra Zeneca Sweden, Ursula Werneke has received funding for educational activities on behalf of Norrbotten Region (Masterclass Psychiatry Programme 2014–2018 and EAPM 2016, Luleå, Sweden): Astra
The role of affective temperaments in predicting symptom severity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Raia M. , Ciampi C. , Zinno F. , Caivano V. , Barone E. , Sampogna G. , Vecchio V. Del , Giallonardo V. , Steardo L. , Luciano M. , Fiorillo A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most burdensome psychiatric illnesses, being associated with a negative long-term outcome and high suicide rate. Although affective temperaments are considered possible mediators of outcome, their role on the course and outcome of BD remains poorly studied.ObjectivesThe aims of the present study are to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with BD more frequently associated with the different affective temperaments and to verify which affective temperaments are associated with a more severe clinical picture in a sample of patients with BD.MethodsAll patients with BD referring to the outpatient units of two Italian university sites have been recruited. Patients’ psychiatric symptoms, affective temperaments, and quality of life were investigated through validated assessment instruments.Results199 patients were recruited. 54.8% of patients had a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. 56.8% of the sample reported at least one episode of aggressive behaviours and 30.2% of suicidal attempt. Predominant cyclothymic and irritable temperaments predicted more frequent relapses, a poorer quality of life (p<;0.05), more aggressive behaviours and suicide attempts (p<;0.01). The predominant hyperthymic disposition was a protective factor for several outcome measures, including relapses and suicidality (p<;0.01), and was correlated with a less severity of psychiatric symptoms and later age at onset (p<;0.05).ConclusionsEarly identification of affective temperaments in BD patients can help clinicians to identify those who could show a worse prognosis. A screening of affective temperaments can be useful to develop early targeted integrated pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.