bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear and Fracture Resistance of 3D‐Printed Denture Teeth: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Alghamdi Rahaf , Al‐Ghamdi Raghad , Al‐Jefri Alaa , Akhtar Sultan , Khan Soban Qadir , Alalawi Haidar , al‐Qarni Faisal D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThe longevity of removable prostheses is mostly influenced by the properties of the used materials. The ability of the material to withstand high occlusal loads without deformation can enhance patient satisfaction and quality of life. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the wear and fracture resistance of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed teeth compared with commercially available acrylic resin teeth.Materials and methodsA total of 40 prefabricated acrylic teeth and 40 3D‐printed teeth were prepared in two forms: anatomical for fracture resistance or flat for wear resistance (n = 10). For wear evaluation, specimens were scanned at baseline and then subjected to thermal cycling (10,000 cycles). This was followed by a chewing simulator (60,000 cycles) against either metal or natural tooth. Then, the specimens were scanned again. Wear analysis was performed by superimposing the standard tessellation language (STL) files from baseline and the final scans with the aid of GOM Inspect 2020 software. Fracture resistance was assessed with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min before and after thermal cycling. Data were analyzed with two‐independent t‐test and two‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05).ResultsThe 3D‐printed teeth showed significantly lower wear resistance than the prefabricated ones with both antagonists (metal, p = 0.049; natural tooth, p = 0.021). The fracture resistance of the 3D‐printed teeth was significantly higher than that of the prefabricated teeth before thermocycling (p = 0.042). After thermal cycling, the fracture resistance of both groups was decreased with no significant differences between them (p = 0.266).ConclusionsThe 3D‐printed teeth showed lower wear resistance and higher fracture resistance than the prefabricated ones. Thermal cycling negatively affected the fracture resistance of 3D‐printed teeth.
Self‐Reported Anxiety Ratings in Children With and Without Food Allergies and Teacher Knowledge of Food Allergies
Authors: Kanter Ashley B. , Yasik Anastasia E. , Zaccario Michele L. , Saviano Jenna C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearchers have found a relationship between having food allergies and anxiety in children. Anxiety may relate to others' lack of food allergy knowledge. This study investigated the relationship between having a food allergy and self‐reported anxiety among children. Furthermore, knowledge of food allergies among children without food allergies and teachers was explored.METHODSChildren with food allergies and their parents each completed a perceived food allergy severity questionnaire. Children without food allergies completed a food allergy knowledge measure. All children completed a self‐reported anxiety measure. Teachers completed a questionnaire investigating knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about food allergies. Correlational analyses and analyses of variance were conducted.RESULTSOverall anxiety was significantly higher in children with food allergies than in children without food allergies. When controlling for the effects of sex and age, children with food allergies had significantly higher social phobia and school phobia. Teachers correctly answered 69.7% of knowledge‐based questions about food allergies; children without food allergies correctly answered 62.7%.CONCLUSIONSFindings highlight the need for an integrated approach in which families, school personnel, psychologists and other mental health professionals, and medical professionals work together to increase awareness about the multifaceted needs of children with food allergies.
Antiviral activities of Glycyrrhiza uralensis components against Singapore grouper iridovirus
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Liu Mingzhu , Wei Hongling , Huang Lin , Yu Qing , Huang Shuaishuai , Li Jingyuan , Li Pengfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSingapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a serious pathogen that negatively impacts grouper aquaculture. Because of its 90% fatality rate, effective medications that control SGIV infection are urgently needed. Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a well‐known medicinal plant that contains active ingredients with antiviral, antibacterial, and other biological activities. In this study, we evaluated the application of G. uralensis components against SGIV infection. The safe working concentrations of G. uralensis components, which were identified by light microscope observation and CCK‐8 detection, were as follows: aqueous extract (GUF) ≤ 10 mg/ml, glycyrrhizin ≤ 100 μg/ml, glycyrrhetinic acid ≤ 50 μg/ml, liquiritin ≤ 25 μg/ml, isoliquiritigenin ≤ 10 μg/ml, and liquiritigenin ≤ 10 μg/ml. The ingredients did not have significant effects against SGIV infection, whereas GUF showed significant anti‐SGIV infection activity in a concentration‐dependent manner, and it also destroyed the structure of virus particles. Therefore, GUF might impact the binding of virus particles to cell receptors and the stage of virus replication in host cells. These results show that G. uralensis aqueous extracts have good anti‐SGIV effects and great potential for treating SGIV infection.
SepF supports the recruitment of the DNA translocase SftA to the Z‐ring
Authors: Saaki Terrens N. V. , Teng Zihao , Wenzel Michaela , Ventroux Magali , Carballido‐Lόpez Rut , Noirot‐Gros Marie Francoise , Hamoen Leendert W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn many bacteria, cell division begins before the sister chromosomes are fully segregated. Specific DNA translocases ensure that the chromosome is removed from the closing septum, such as the transmembrane protein FtsK in Escherichia coli. Bacillus subtilis contains two FtsK homologues, SpoIIIE and SftA. SftA is active during vegetative growth whereas SpoIIIE is primarily active during sporulation and pumps the chromosome into the spore compartment. FtsK and SpoIIIE contain several transmembrane helices, however, SftA is assumed to be a cytoplasmic protein. It is unknown how SftA is recruited to the cell division site. Here we show that SftA is a peripheral membrane protein, containing an N‐terminal amphipathic helix that reversibly anchors the protein to the cell membrane. Using a yeast two‐hybrid screen we found that SftA interacts with the conserved cell division protein SepF. Based on extensive genetic analyses and previous data we propose that the septal localization of SftA depends on either SepF or the cell division protein FtsA. Since SftA seems to interfere with the activity of SepF, and since inactivation of SepF mitigates the sensitivity of a ∆sftA mutant for ciprofloxacin, we speculate that SftA might delay septum synthesis when chromosomal DNA is in the vicinity.
The apple FERONIA receptor‐like kinase MdMRLK2 negatively regulates Valsa canker resistance by suppressing defence responses and hypersensitive reaction
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Zhan Minghui , Li Chunrong , Pei Tingting , Wang Qi , Li Pengmin , Ma Fengwang , Liu Changhai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractValsa canker, caused by the fungus Valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in China and other East Asian countries. The plant receptor‐like kinase FERONIA is involved in plant cell growth, development, and immunity. However, little is known about the function of FERONIA in apple defence against V. mali. In this study, we found that MdMRLK2 was highly induced by V. mali in twigs of V. mali‐susceptible Malus mellana but not in those of the resistant species Malus yunnaensis. 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants showed compromised resistance relative to wild‐type (WT) plants. Further analyses indicated that 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants had enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) levels and reduced salicylic acid (SA) levels relative to the WT on V. mali infection. MdMRLK2 overexpression also suppressed polyphenol accumulation and inhibited the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), β‐1,3‐glucanase (GLU), and chitinase (CHT) during V. mali infection. Moreover, MdMRLK2 interacted with MdHIR1, a hypersensitive‐induced response protein, and suppressed the MdHIR1‐mediated hypersensitive reaction (HR), probably by impairing MdHIR1 self‐interaction. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that overexpression of MdMRLK2 compromises Valsa canker resistance, probably by (a) altering ABA and SA levels, (b) suppressing polyphenol accumulation, (c) inhibiting PAL, GLU, and CHT activities, and (d) blocking MdHIR1‐mediated HR by disrupting MdHIR1 self‐interaction.
The evolutionary and molecular features of the broad‐host‐range plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Derbyshire Mark C. , Newman Toby E. , Khentry Yuphin , Owolabi Taiwo Akeem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum is a pathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species, including many of the world's most important crops. Key features of S. sclerotiorum include its extraordinary host range, preference for dicotyledonous plants, relatively slow evolution, and production of protein effectors that are active in multiple host species. Plant resistance to this pathogen is highly complex, typically involving numerous polymorphisms with infinitesimally small effects, which makes resistance breeding a major challenge. Due to its economic significance, S. sclerotiorum has been subjected to a large amount of molecular and evolutionary research. In this updated pathogen profile, we review the evolutionary and molecular features of S. sclerotiorum and discuss avenues for future research into this important species.
Construction and identification of an immortalized rat intestinal smooth muscle cell line
Authors: Chen Huiling , Li Xiaoli , Gao Liping , Zhang Dekui , Han Tiyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMCs) play an important role in the remodeling of the intestinal structure, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanisms that mediate the development and growth of ISMCs. A possible reason for this lag is the lack of cell lines that recapitulate ISMCs in vivo.MethodsIn this study, we separated the primary ISMCs from the rat intestinal tract and integrated the Simian Vacuolating virus 40 Large T antigen (SV40 LT) gene into the genome of the primary ISMC to construct an immortalized cell line named ISMC‐Hc.Key ResultsISMC‐Hc proliferated persistently without any signs of senescence up to 50 passages and without neoplasticity. Analysis of the genome isolated from ISMC‐Hc confirmed that the SV40LT gene recombined in the genome, and mRNA reverse transcription PCR suggested that SV40LT could be expressed normally. In addition, ISMC‐Hc had few morphological differences compared with the primary ISMC. Furthermore, ISMC‐Hc showed the expression of the specific protein markers (alpha‐smooth muscle actin and desmin) through immunofluorescence analysis. Further studies showed that ISMC‐Hc had enhanced contractility and expressed the glial‐derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and leukemia inhibitory factor after co‐stimulation with IL‐1 beta and TNF‐alpha.Conclusions and InferencesISMC‐Hc showed characteristics similar to that of primary ISMC and can be used as an in vitro model to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ISMC. Additionally, the immortalized ISMCs could help investigate the basic functional mechanisms of intestinal diseases.
The institutional grammar in policy process research
Authors: Siddiki Saba , Frantz Christopher 
Published: April 2022

摘要本文介绍了一系列文章，这些文章研究了被称之为制度语法(IG)的制度分析方法。过去十年，学者已从不同方式并在不同领域中应用了制度语法，以研究决策过程的关键概念和不同方面，例如政策设计、政策变革和政策执行。在此期间，公共政策和不同其他领域的学者展示了制度语法如何能用于这类评估，以及制度语法如何能与不同方法相结合，进而应对不同的研究目的。本文(i)概述了制度语法；(ii)识别了近期《政策研究杂志》出版的一系列研究制度语法应用案例的文章中呈现的交叉主题；(iii)为基于此的未来研究以及其他近期发表的制度语法文章识别了研究机遇。
On the influence of Variscan inheritance on rifting of the Western Iberian margin
Authors: Amigo Marx Begoña , Fernandez Oscar , Olaiz Antonio , Poblet Josep , Zamora Gonzalo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe passive margin of Western Iberia (WIM) developed during the Mesozoic over the pre‐existing Variscan Orogen. In the present study we use integrated interpretation and modelling to understand the distribution of Variscan basement provinces in the offshore of Iberia. The NW–SE trending fabric of the Variscan Orogen can be recognized in the WIM, and different Variscan basement provinces behaved differently during extension. Furthermore, major Variscan structures reactivated in extension, compartmentalizing rifting and having a major impact on the final architecture of the WIM.
Potential and problems in evaluating secular changes in the diversity of animal‐substrate interactions at ichnospecies rank
Authors: Zhang Li‐Jun , Buatois Luis A. , Mángano M. Gabriela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChanges in diversity of trace fossils through time provide information about evolutionary innovations in animal‐substrate interactions. Global ichnodiversity changes at ichnogeneric rank are useful to capture major trends, but may be insufficient to reveal minor behavioural innovations. A quantitative analysis of ichnodiversity trajectories at ichnospecies rank for bioturbation structures has been performed for the first time at a global scale to evaluate how innovations in animal‐substrate interactions may be reflected at this ichnotaxonomic hierarchy. The timing of diversification at ichnospecific rank is highly variable, but mostly linked to the Cambrian Explosion (CE) and the Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR). Nearly all top‐heavy ichnogenera diversified during the MMR and most bottom‐heavy ichnogenera illustrate innovations during the CE. Timing of diversification at ichnospecies rank refines characterization of the ichnological equivalents of the Cambrian, Palaeozoic and Modern evolutionary fauna. Evaluating the timing of ichnospecific diversification within ichnogenera is a valuable tool in evolutionary palaeoecology.
Current status of rapid bacterial detection methods for platelet components: A 20‐year review by the ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party Subgroup on Bacteria
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , Stiller Lea , McDonald Carl ,   ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBacterial contamination of platelet components (PCs) poses a safety challenge for transfusion patients. Despite mitigation interventions, the residual risk of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections remains predominant. PC safety can be improved either by pathogen reduction or by implementation of bacterial detection methods. Detection methodologies include culture methods and rapid detection methods. The current review focuses on currently available rapid detection methods.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed published manuscripts since 2000 on rapid bacterial detection methods used for PC screening with result determination within 4 h. Methods meeting this criterion included Verax PGDprime, BacTx and nucleic amplification testing. The analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of these systems were assessed.ResultsThe analytical sensitivity between the different detection methods ranged between 50 and 100,000 CFU/ml. The sample volume used by these testing systems varies between 0.5 and 1.0 ml of PCs. A delay of at least 48 h before sampling enhances detectability. All rapid detection methods generate results in a timely manner, allowing testing to be performed before transfusion with optimal sensitivity.ConclusionRapid detection methods improve PC safety regarding bacterial contamination. The assays are optimal for rapidly growing bacteria, which are more likely to cause septic transfusion reactions in patients. Because of the reduced diagnostic sensitivity, the sample collection should be late in shelf‐life and ideally just before transfusion. The major benefit of these methods is that the test result can be obtained before releasing PCs for transfusion or to be used in combination with other screening methods applied early during PC storage.
Epigenetic responses to heat: From adaptation to maladaptation
Authors: Murray Kevin O. , Clanton Thomas L. , Horowitz Michal 
Published: April 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
This review outlines the history of research on epigenetic adaptations to heat exposure. The perspective taken is that adaptations reflect properties of hormesis, whereby low, repeated doses of heat induce adaptation (acclimation/acclimatization); whereas brief, life‐threatening exposures can induce maladaptive responses.

What advances does it highlight?
The epigenetic mechanisms underlying acclimation/acclimatization comprise specific molecular programmes on histones that regulate heat shock proteins transcriptionally and protect the organism from subsequent heat exposures, even after long delays. The epigenetic signalling underlying maladaptive responses might rely, in part, on extensive changes in DNA methylation that are sustained over time and might contribute to later health challenges.

AbstractEpigenetics plays a strong role in molecular adaptations to heat by producing a molecular memory of past environmental exposures. Moderate heat, over long periods of time, induces an ‘adaptive’ epigenetic memory, resulting in a condition of ‘resilience’ to future heat exposures or cross‐tolerance to other forms of toxic stress. In contrast, intense, life‐threatening heat exposures, such as severe heat stroke, can result in a ‘maladaptive’ epigenetic memory that can place an organism at risk of later health complications. These cellular memories are coded by post‐translational modifications of histones on the nucleosomes and/or by changes in DNA methylation. They operate by inducing changes in the level of gene transcription and therefore phenotype. The adaptive response to heat acclimation functions, in part, by facilitating transcription of essential heat shock proteins and exhibits a biphasic short programme (maintaining DNA integrity, followed by a long‐term consolidation). The latter accelerates acclimation responses after de‐acclimation. Although less studied, the maladaptive responses to heat stroke appear to be coded in long‐lasting changes in DNA methylation near the promoter region of genes involved with basic cell function. Whether these memories are also encoded in histone modifications is not yet known. There is considerable evidence that both adaptive and maladaptive epigenetic responses to heat can be inherited, although most evidence comes from lower organisms. Future challenges include understanding the signalling mechanisms responsible and discovering new ways to promote adaptive responses while suppressing maladaptive responses to heat, as all life forms adapt to life on a warming planet.
Bile acids, bioactive signalling molecules in interoceptive gut‐to‐brain communication
Authors: Joyce Susan A. , O'Malley Dervla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAside from facilitating solubilisation and absorption of dietary lipids and lipid‐soluble vitamins, amphipathic bile acids (BAs) also act as bioactive signalling molecules. A plethora of conjugated or unconjugated primary and bacterially modified secondary BA moieties have been identified, with significant divergence between species. These molecules are excreted into the external environment of the intestinal lumen, yet nuclear and membrane receptors that are sensitive to BAs are expressed internally in the liver, intestinal and neural tissues, amongst others. The diversity of BAs and receptors underpins the multitude of distinct bioactive functions attributed to BAs, but also hampers elucidation of the physiological mechanisms underpinning these actions. In this Topical Review, we have considered the potential of BAs as cross‐barrier signalling molecules that contribute to interoceptive pathways informing the central nervous system of environmental changes in the gut lumen. Activation of BAs on FGF19‐secreting enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells coupled to sensory nerves or intestinal immune cells would facilitate indirect signalling, whereas direct activation of BA receptors in the brain is likely to occur primarily under pathophysiological conditions when concentrations of BAs are elevated.image
Dynamics of Mobile Manipulators Using Dual Quaternion Algebra
Authors: Afonso Silva Frederico Fernandes , José Quiroz-Omaña Juan , Vilhena Adorno Bruno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents two approaches to obtain the dynamical equations of mobile manipulators using dual quaternion algebra. The first one is based on a general recursive Newton–Euler formulation and uses twists and wrenches, which are propagated through high-level algebraic operations and works for any type of joints and arbitrary parameterizations. The second approach is based on Gauss’s Principle of Least Constraint (GPLC) and includes arbitrary equality constraints. In addition to showing the connections of GPLC with Gibbs–Appell and Kane’s equations, we use it to model a nonholonomic mobile manipulator. Our current formulations are more general than their counterparts in the state of the art, although GPLC is more computationally expensive, and simulation results show that they are as accurate as the classic recursive Newton–Euler algorithm.
Postoperative survival of extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgery: a population-based cohort
Authors: Liu Wei-Wen , Tu Jian-Fei , Ying Xi-Hui , Chen Zheng-Ju , Wang Yun-Bing 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe study was designed to clarify the difference between extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in postoperative cancer-specific death.DesignPatients diagnosed with ECC and ICC after surgery, who are identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results programme, are eligible for this retrospective cohort study.SettingSurvival between groups was compared using the traditional Kaplan-Meier method and the cumulative incidence function (CIF) method. Propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was conducted to balance the differences in vital variables between groups. The HR and 95% CI for ECC relative to ICC were used to quantify the risk of death. Subgroup analysis was further used to evaluate the stability of the differences between groups.ResultsThe study included 876 patients with ECC and 1194 patients with ICC. Before PSM, with the Kaplan-Meier method, postoperative overall survival and cancer-specific death for ECC were worse than those for ICC. However, with the CIF method, no difference in postoperative cancer-specific death was found. After PSM, all differences in the considered traits were balanced, and 173 pairs of patients were retained. Survival analysis found that there was no difference in postoperative all-cause death (Kaplan-Meier method, p=0.186) or cancer-specific death (Kaplan-Meier and CIF methods, p=0.500 and p=0.913, respectively), which was consistent with subgroup analysis.ConclusionsECC and ICC showed no difference in postoperative cancer-specific death, both in the natural state and in multiple variable-matched conditions.Trial registration numberresearchregistry4175.