bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Governance System that Supports City Diplomacy: The European Perspective
Authors: Kurz Peter 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Although the concept of city diplomacy is not new, we are seeing exciting developments in the ways that cities work together to address local and global challenges. This article explores how the global political system must evolve to harness the full potential of a city diplomacy that is well-integrated into global governance. In order for city diplomacy’s promise to be unlocked, we must take action in four central areas: facilitating knowledge exchange between local, national and international governance; embracing networks as an integral part of global governance; systematically expanding municipal development co-operation; and revitalising the idea of a world charter of local self-government.
Rival Eco-Anxieties: Legacy of Soviet Water Management in the Syr Darya Basin
Authors: Roberts Flora J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the security and human rights implications of the water infrastructure legacy bequeathed to the Syr Darya river basin in the border area of the Ferghana Valley, by the Soviet period. Taking an environmental history approach, I consider the complex legacy of the system of ageing dams, irrigation canals, and reservoirs which for the most part were set in place between the 1950s and 1980s. Correcting the prevailing narrative that post-Soviet water tensions are often caused by the Soviet habit of disregarding borders and republican-level interests in designing water infrastructure, I show how Soviet water policy in the region fanned and exacerbated inter-republican tensions even while the national territorial divisions were ongoing. Current tensions are therefore not a response to a sudden and unexpected hardening of borders, but the fruit of much longer processes.
Exceptionalism at the Time of covid-19: Where Nationalism Meets Irrationality
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa , Murphy-Hollies Kathleen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Exceptionalism is the view that one group is better than other groups and, by virtue of its alleged superiority, is not subject to the same constraints. Here we identify national exceptionalism in the responses made by political leaders in the United States and the United Kingdom to the covid-19 pandemic in early 2020. First, we observe that responses appealed to national values and national character and were marked by a denial of the severity of the situation. Second, we suggest an analogy between national exceptionalism and unrealistic optimism, i.e., people’s tendency to make rosier predictions about their future than is warranted by the evidence due to illusions of superiority and control. Finally, we argue that, at the national level, exceptionalism gave rise to an assumption of invulnerability that made for slow responses to the pandemic, and at the individual level, it served as a justification of people’s failures to adopt safety behaviors.
Determinants and Potential of Seafood Trade: Evidence from a Transitional Economy
Authors: Dong Chung Van , Truong Hoan Quang 
Published: February 2022

This study, by employing an augmented gravity model under the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) estimation, aims to scrutinise the determinants and potential of seafood exports from Vietnam—a transitional and emerging economy to the global market over the period of 2000–2018 at both aggregate and sectoral levels. With remarkable growth over the years, Vietnam has become the largest seafood exporter in Southeast Asia. The country’s seafood exports have been diversified in terms of export structure and export markets. The estimation results show that the size of economies and market development from importers are the main factors that are driving Vietnam’s total seafood exports. At the sectoral level, the magnitude of the effects of income per capita significantly differs among the subsectors of seafood. We find that the impacts of factors such as region, access to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the free trade agreement (FTA) establishment on Vietnam’s seafood exports are heterogeneous. We found that there is still room for the expansion of Vietnam’s seafood exports to some market destinations. This article suggests a dynamic strategy to increase Vietnam’s seafood exports in the coming years. JEL Codes: F1, F14, Q1
Diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction: pondering over the ERCP, MRCP and histology
Authors: Rațiu Iulia , Lupușoru Raluca , Lungeanu Diana , Popescu Alina , Sporea Ioan , Goldiș Adrian , Dănilă Mirela , Miuțescu Bogdan , Moga Tudor , Barbulescu Andreea , Tăban Sorina , Dema Alis , Șirli Roxana 
Published: February 2022

Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), magnetic resonance pancreatography (MRCP) and histological examination for malignant biliary obstruction. Methods This retrospective study included patients admitted for biliary obstruction caused by biliary tree malignancy that underwent ERCP, MRCP and histological examination. Data were collected from the medical records. The primary endpoints were the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value, sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of the three procedures in terms of a final diagnosis of obstructive biliary malignancy; and the agreement between ERCP, MRCP and histological examination with the final diagnosis. Results A total of 160 patients were included in the study (85 males, 53.1%; mean ± SD age, 69.31 ± 10.96 years). Considering the final diagnosis, the performance of MRCP, ERCP and histology in assessing biliary tumours produced AUROC values of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75, 0.90), 0.94 (95% CI 0.85, 0.99) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.70, 0.82), respectively. ERCP presented higher sensitivity, overall diagnostic accuracy and agreement with the final diagnosis than MRCP and histological examination. Conclusion These current data suggest that invasive methods such as ERCP with biopsy remain more reliable than non-invasive methods.
A Prospective Trial Comparing Haploidentical Donor Transplantation With Cord Blood Versus HLA-Matched Sibling Donor Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy Patients
Authors: Lu Wenyi , Jin Xin , Lyu Hairong , Bai Xue , Zhu Haibo , Li Xin , Xiao Xia , Meng Juanxia , Yuan Ting , Li Qing , Mu Juan , Lyu Cuicui , Jiang Yili , Wei Yunxiong , Xiong Xia , Zhang Meng , Zhao Mingfeng 
Published: February 2022

Although haploidentical donor (HID) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has achieved similar survival to HLA-identical sibling donor (ISD) transplantation, the delayed hematopoietic engraftment as well as higher incidence of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), results in prolonged hospitalization, higher costs, and increased morbidity. In this study, a prospective, non-randomized clinical study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent HID HSCT supported by cord blood or ISD HSCT. Between May 2017 and November 2020, 113 patients were enrolled to undergo HID HSCT supported by cord blood (n=88) or ISD HSCT (n=25). The cumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment at 30days was comparable in these two groups. Importantly, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD at 100days (20.5% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2%–28.8%] versus 12.0% [95% CI: 0.2%–23.8%], P = 0.32) and cGVHD at 1 year (19.5% [95% CI: 11.2%–27.8%] versus 16.6% [[95% CI: 1.3%–31.9%] P = 0.70) between the two groups. Among the HID and ISD groups, the 2-year disease free survival was 76.8 and 80.0% ( P = 0.83), the 2-year overall survival was 82.4 and 88.0% ( P = 0.66), the 2-year GVHD-free, relapse-free survival was 68.9 and 75.3% ( P = 0.62), respectively. Our results indicate that HID transplantation supported by cord blood may offer a good alternative to ISD HSCT for patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Trial registration: Effect of co-infusion third party umbilical cord blood stem cells on haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation https://www.chictr.org.cn Reg. No. ChiCTR-OIN-17011426.
Hospital Discharge During COVID-19: The Role of Social Resources
Authors: Schmutz Kirsten E. , Wallace Andrea S. , Bristol Alycia A. , Johnson Erin Phinney , Raaum Sonja E. 
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 social distancing recommendations potentially disrupted support provided to patients after hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to use the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory to understand the effect the COVID-19 pandemic had on patients’ abilities to obtain and receive support after hospital discharge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 patients discharged from medical or surgical services. Qualitative description was used to identify salient themes. Most participants described little impact from COVID-19 on their ability to obtain and receive support from informal and formal resources. These experiences fell in contrast to one participant, whose changes in support dramatically affected her post-discharge experience. While social disruptions occurred for patients transitioning home after hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings indicate that strong pre-existing support networks are resilient and protective. All patients should be provided with resources on what to do if unexpected events occur post-discharge. Clinical Trial Registration This study is a part of a parent study: Social Needs and Resources in the Evaluation and Enhancement of Discharge Support. The trial registry is clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT04248738. Initial release was 1/27/2020 and the first participant was enrolled on 2/4/2020. Link to the information on the registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04248738
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Sternotomy Pain After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Patel Janki , Medas Ryan , Donnelly Julianne , Mullins Brandon 
Published: February 2022

Background: Multimodal analgesia is a cornerstone of postoperative pain management. Different formulations of local anesthetics are available. Data to support these treatment options are limited. Objective: To determine the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine compared with bupivacaine or ropivacaine in patients undergoing sternotomy for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve surgery. Methods: Single-center, retrospective, observational study at a community teaching hospital. Patients included were 18 years of age or older undergoing CABG and/or valve surgery via median sternotomy and received either liposomal bupivacaine or an active comparator. The primary outcome was opioid utilization in morphine milligram equivalent (MME) from 0 to 72 hours. Results: A total of 376 patients were included, 223 in the liposomal bupivacaine arm and 153 in the active comparator arm. There was no difference in the MME use from 0 to 72 hours among patients in the liposomal bupivacaine group compared with the comparator group (114.2 mg [75.55] vs 107.6 mg [68.4], P = 0.38). After Bonferroni correction, there was no difference in pain scores at individual time points. At 24- and 48-hour post-op, pain scores were higher with liposomal bupivacaine at 4.4 (2.7) vs 3.5 (2.8) ( P = 0.01) and 3.1 (2.9) vs 2.4 (2.6) ( P = 0.02). Conclusion and Relevance: Based on these findings and previous studies, liposomal bupivacaine should not be routinely used for CABG and/or valve surgery through a median sternotomy given lack of superiority. This helps inform surgical practice to the role of anesthetics as part of the multimodal analgesia regimen.
Safety and Efficacy of an Intensive Care Insulin Infusion Protocol Targeting a Blood Glucose of 140 to 180 mg/dL
Authors: Chatley Michelle M. , Thuyns Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

Background Despite multiple guideline recommendations of a goal blood glucose of 140 to 180 mg/dL in critically ill patients, no insulin infusion protocols (IIPs) targeting this range have been validated and published in the literature. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of an IIP targeting a blood glucose of 140 to 180 mg/dL in critically ill patients, with the ultimate goal of validating such a protocol. Methods This retrospective chart review uses data of critically ill patients admitted from August 2018 to December 2018. Patient data from August 2017 to December 2017 served as a historical comparator to further assess safety outcomes. Percent of blood glucose readings within goal was the primary outcome measurement. Relevant clinical variables, insulin requirements, hypoglycemic events, and protocol adherence were also recorded. Results A total of 88 insulin infusions were included in analysis, 34 of which served as a historical comparator. In the IIP targeting a blood glucose 140 to 180 mg/dL, once blood glucose levels decreased below 180 mg/dL, 54% of blood glucose readings were within goal (140-180 mg/dL) and 73% of blood glucose readings were within a “clinically acceptable” range (110-180 mg/dL). The number of hypoglycemic events decreased from 70 in the historical comparator group to 4 in the current IIP ( P < .0001). Conclusion and relevance This IIP is both safe and effective at targeting a blood glucose of 140 to 180 mg/dL and could be used at other institutions to achieve satisfactory glycemic control.
Observed Apixaban Anti-Xa Levels in Obese Patients
Authors: Harkness Weston , Pipitone Olivia , Joss Jacqueline , Schiedler Michael , Shagavah Santon , Moore Ryan , Hsing Jeff 
Published: February 2022

Background: Recent guidelines suggest that, for venous thromboembolism (VTE), standard doses of apixaban are appropriate in patients with body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2 or >120 kg. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is excluded from this recommendation. Objective: The goals of our study were to measure and describe anti-Xa levels of patients with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 and/or a weight ≥120 kg with a clinical indication of AF or VTE who were treated with apixaban, and to determine whether BMI or weight are associated with anti-Xa levels in this population. Methods We conducted an observational cohort study at a single health care system in Oregon, USA. Patients meeting enrollment criteria were recruited and had peak and trough apixaban anti-Xa levels drawn. Results Of 55 patients enrolled, 5 (9%) had peak anti-Xa levels below the reference range and 3 (6%) had trough anti-Xa levels below the reference range. BMI did not significantly correlate with peak or trough anti-Xa levels (r = −0.10, p = 0.45 and r = −0.14, p = 0.31). Weight had a moderate, negative correlation with peak anti-Xa levels (r = −0.42, p = 0.002) and a weak, negative correlation with trough anti-Xa levels (r = −0.32, p = 0.02). Conclusions and Relevance This study provides evidence that anti-Xa levels among obese patients are not substantially different from patients with nomral BMI and weight. This supports recent ISTH guidance for standard dosing of apixaban for VTE patients with BMI >40 kg/m2 or weight >120 kg and provides additional evidence that the standard dosing may also be appropriate in patients with AF.
The Best Choice of Oxygen Cost Prediction Equation for Computing Post-Stroke Walking Energy Expenditure Using an Accelerometer
Authors: Compagnat Maxence , Salle Jean-yves , Vinti Maria , Joste Romain , Daviet Jean Christophe 
Published: February 2022

Background The integration of oxygen cost into the accelerometer’s algorithms improves accuracy of total energy expenditure (TEE) values as post-stroke individuals walk. Recent work has shown that oxygen cost can be estimated from specific prediction equations for stroke patients. Objective The objective is to the validity of the different oxygen cost estimation equations available in the literature for calculating TEE using ActigraphGT3x as individuals with stroke sequelae walk. Method Individuals with stroke sequelae who were able to walk without human assistance were included. The TEE was calculated by multiplying the walking distance provided by an ActigraphGT3x worn on the healthy ankle and the patient’s oxygen cost estimated from the selected prediction equations. The TEE values from each equation were compared to the TEE values measured by indirect calorimetry. The validity of the prediction methods was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis (mean bias (MB) and limits of agreement (LoA) values). Results We included 26 stroke patients (63.5 years). Among the selected equations, those of Compagnat and Polese obtained the best validity parameters for the ActigraphGT3x: MBCompagnat = 1.2 kcal, 95% LoACompagnat = [−12.0; 14.3] kcal and MBPolese = 3.5 kcal, 95% LoAPolese = [−9.2; 16.1] kcal. For comparison, the estimated TEE value according to the manufacturer’s algorithm reported MBManufacturer = −15 kcal, 95% LoAManufacturer = [−52.9; 22.8] kcal. Conclusion The Polese and Compagnat equations offer the best validity parameters in comparison with the criterion method. Using oxygen cost prediction equations is a promising approach to improving assessment of TEE by accelerometers in post-stroke individuals.
Radiographic Comparison of Heterotopic Ossification After Primary Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Fourth-Generation Implants
Authors: Doyle Matthew D. , Mitchell Logan H. , Ishibashi Megan A. , Castellucci-Garza Francesca M. , Sherick Ryan M. , Rao Nilin M. 
Published: February 2022

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known sequela in total ankle arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the radiographic incidence of HO in fourth-generation total ankle implants including the INFINITY, CADENCE, and VANTAGE. Radiographs were assessed for the incidence and location of HO in each implant using the modified Brooker classification. Seventy-one patients were included. There were 41 INFINITY, 16 CADENCE, and 14 VANTAGE implants. The average radiographic follow-up was 19.7 months. The incidence of HO was 69.0%. Overall, the HO was Class I in 31 cases (63.3%); Class II in 7 cases (14.3%); Class III in 10 cases (20.4%); and Class IV in 1 case (2.0%). For INFINITY; n = 33 patients (80.5%), CADENCE; n = 8 patients (50%); VANTAGE n = 8 patients (57.1%). When comparing INFINITY with CADENCE/VANTAGE, there was a statistically significant difference in presence of HO (P = 0.01). When comparing INFINITY with CADENCE, there was a statistically significant difference in presence of HO (P = 0.04). In the 33 cases of INFINITY with HO, 30 had neutral or posterior coverage, and in 4 cases, the prosthesis did not extend to the posterior tibial cortex (P = 0.005). This study demonstrates a continued high rate of HO with 3 fourth-generation ankle implants in the short term, although many were Class 1 and posterior. The INFINITY had a higher overall incidence of HO. Adequate posterior cortical coverage did not play a role in radiographic presence of HO. Further research is warranted with longer-term follow-up to determine the clinical and radiographic significance of HO. Level of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective comparative
Latrine utilization and associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, North-West Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Melesse Misganaw Fikrie , Aynalem Bewket Yeserah 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This research was aimed at assessing latrine utilization and associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, North West Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on households of East Gojjam Zone, from 1 February to 30 May 2021. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 806 study participants into the study. Data were collected through pretested structured interview questionnaires and direct observation. Collected data were entered and cleaned using EPI info version 7.2 and analysed using SPSS version 23 software package. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess association of the variables and controlling the effect of confounders, respectively. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The overall latrine utilization in East Gojjam Zone was found to be 45.4% (95% confidence interval = 42.2–49.1). Occupation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.248, 95% confidence interval = 1.037–4.876), participating in model family training (adjusted odds ratio = 2.481, 95% confidence interval = 1.802–3.415), water availability (adjusted odds ratio = 2.456, 95% confidence interval = 1.514–3.983), and type of latrine (adjusted odds ratio = 2.013, 95% confidence interval 1.648–2.972) had statistically significant association with latrine utilization. Conclusion: Latrine utilization in East Gojjam Zone was found to be low relative to other studies and the country’s plan. It is very far apart from the Ethiopian latrine coverage and utilization plan (100%). Occupational status, participated in the model family training, water availability, and type of toilet were significantly associated with toilet utilization. Encouraging private latrine construction with accessibility of water and all households participating in model family training may increase latrine utilization in East Gojjam Zone. Further observational study triangulated with qualitative research should be conducted to provide more strong evidence for further improvement of household latrine utilization status in East Gojjam Zone.
Efficacy of Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Elderly With Femoral Neck Fractures: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Fulong , Xue Yang , Wang Xuefei , Zhan Yunjia 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach is a novel minimally invasive surgical technique for total hip arthroplasty (THA). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the outcomes following THA via the SuperPATH approach in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs), compared with those via traditional surgical approaches. Methods Eligible studies were retrieved through searching 7 electronic databases and manually screening related references. Objectives were surgical-related parameters, functional outcomes, and incidence of postoperative complications. Results 9 comparative studies were included. Pooled results suggested that at the cost of longer operative time (WMD: 14.25, 95% CI: 3.25 to 25.25), the SuperPATH technique was superior to traditional approaches regarding incision length (WMD: −4.51, 95% CI: −6.46 to −2.56), intraoperative blood loss (WMD: −80.47, 95% CI: −122.36 to −38.57), and hospital stays (WMD: −3.35, 95% CI: −5.05 to −1.65). SuperPATH groups exhibited significantly increased Harris Hip Scores within 1 month after surgery (7d, WMD: 9.85, 95% CI: 6.40 to 13.30; 14d, WMD: 10.68, 95% CI: 8.29 to 13.08; 1 month, WMD: 6.17, 95% CI: 3.56 to 8.78) and had a reduced incidence of overall complications (OR: .19, 95% CI: .09 to .41). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding postoperative pain relief. Conclusion Elderly patients with FNFs are potential candidates for THA treatment via the SuperPATH technique, which is associated with improved surgical outcomes, better short-term functional recovery, and lower risk of total complications as compared to traditional approaches. Additional studies are needed to further confirm our conclusions and validate the long-term efficacy of SuperPATH.