bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oral or injectable supplementation with cobalamin in dogs with hypocobalaminemia caused by chronic enteropathy or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Chang Chee‐Hoon , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Joerg M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown similar efficacy of oral supplementation of cobalamin compared to injectable supplementation in dogs, but few prospective, randomized studies have been published.ObjectivesTo evaluate efficacy of oral or injectable supplementation with cobalamin in normalizing serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in dogs with hypocobalaminemia caused by either chronic enteropathy (CE) or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).AnimalsForty‐six client owned dogs with hypocobalaminemia.MethodsProspective randomized clinical trial. Dogs were divided into 2 groups (CE or EPI), and randomized to receive oral or injectable supplementation of cobalamin. Each dog had 3 visits and serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations were measured at each visit.ResultsIn dogs with CE, serum cobalamin concentrations increased with oral (P = .02; median 149 [range 149‐231] to 733 [166‐1467] ng/L, median difference 552 [95% CI: 181‐899] ng/L) or injectable (P < .01; 168 [149‐233] to 563 [234‐965] ng/L, 367 [187‐623] ng/L) supplementation. In dogs with EPI, serum cobalamin concentrations increased with oral (P = .01; 162 [149‐214] to 919 [643‐3863] ng/L, 705 [503‐3356] ng/L) or injectable (P = .01; 177 [149‐217] to 390 [243‐907] ng/L, 192 [89‐361] ng/L) supplementation. Serum MMA concentrations decreased with oral or injectable supplementation in dogs with CE, but only with oral supplementation in dogs with EPI.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOral supplementation is an alternative for cobalamin supplementation in dogs with hypocobalaminemia caused by CE or EPI.
Susceptibility to a sexually transmitted disease in a wild koala population shows heritable genetic variance but no inbreeding depression
Authors: Cristescu Romane H. , Strickland Kasha , Schultz Anthony J. , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , de Villiers Deidre , Frère Céline H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe koala, one of the most iconic Australian wildlife species, is facing several concomitant threats that are driving population declines. Some threats are well known and have clear methods of prevention (e.g., habitat loss can be reduced with stronger land‐clearing control), whereas others are less easily addressed. One of the major current threats to koalas is chlamydial disease, which can have major impacts on individual survival and reproduction rates and can translate into population declines. Effective management strategies for the disease in the wild are currently lacking, and, to date, we know little about the determinants of individual susceptibility to disease. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of variation in susceptibility to chlamydia using one of the most intensively studied wild koala populations. We combined data from veterinary examinations, chlamydia testing, genetic sampling and movement monitoring. Out of our sample of 342 wild koalas, 60 were found to have chlamydia. Using genotype information on 5007 SNPs to investigate the role of genetic variation in determining disease status, we found no evidence of inbreeding depression, but a heritability of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06–0.23) for the probability that koalas had chlamydia. Heritability of susceptibility to chlamydia could be relevant for future disease management, as it suggests adaptive potential for the population.
Effect of creatinine metrics on outcome after transplantation of marginal donor kidneys
Authors: Scurt Florian G. , Ernst Angela , Hammoud Ben , Wassermann Tamara , Mertens Peter R. , Schwarz Anke , Becker Jan U. , Chatzikyrkou Christos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPredicting outcome after transplantation of marginal kidneys is a challenging task. Donor creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are integral components of the respective risk scores. However, there is uncertainty on which of their values obtained successively during procurement is the most suitable.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective study of 221 adult brain death donors with marginal kidneys, transplanted in 223 recipients. We applied logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between initial (at hospital admission), nadir (lowest), zenith (highest) and terminal (at recovery) donor eGFR with primary non‐function (PNF), delayed graft function (DGF), 3‐ and 12‐month graft function and 1‐ and 3‐year patient‐ and death‐censored graft survival.ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, admission, terminal, and the lowest donor eGFR could most accurately predict DGF. The respective ORs [95% CI] were: 0.875 [0.771–0.993], 0.818 [95% CI: 0.726–0.922] and 0.793 [0.689–0.900]. Although not being significant for DGF (OR 0.931 [95% CI: 0.817–1.106]), the highest eGFR was the best predictor of 3‐month graft function (adjusted b coefficient 1.161 [95% CI: 0.355–1.968]). Analysis of primary nonfunction showed that determination of initial and the highest eGFR proved to be the best predictors. The respective ORs [95% CI] were: 0.804 [0.667–0.968] and 0.750 [0.611–0.919]. There were no differences in the risk associations of each of the four eGFR recordings with patient‐ and graft survival.ConclusionThe various eGFR recordings determined during the procurement process of marginal donors can predict PNF, DGF and 3‐ and 12‐month graft function. Regarding short‐term patient‐ and graft survival, there appears to be impacted by recipient factors rather than donor kidney function.
In search of a (Sufi) ethics of vulnerability and care: Treason, friendship, and the First World War in Stephen Daisley’s Traitor
Authors: Branach‐Kallas Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article offers an analysis of the representation of an enemy encounter in Traitor (2010), a novel by Stephen Daisley, which depicts the relationship between a young New Zealander, David, and a Turkish doctor, Mahmoud, during the First World War. In my interpretation, I show the multiple facets of Sufi ethics as embraced by David under the influence of his Ottoman friend. Applying theoretical approaches rooted in the philosophy of politics, I argue that friendship between enemies in Daisley's novel is a political claim that challenges dichotomous ways of thinking and questions the meaning of such concepts as traitor, friend and enemy. Furthermore, I approach the protagonist's dissent and conscientious objection as deeply ethical acts of embodied resistance. Finally, I demonstrate that the novel represents an intriguing intervention in Australia and New Zealand's Anzac commemorative discourse, thus contributing to a twenty‐first‐century reassessment of the memory of the First World War.
Lateral Compression Type 2 Pelvic Fractures—A Clinical Study of Fracture Displacement Measurement and Closed Reduction
Authors: Wu Yan , Chen Hua , Zhou Xuefeng , Tang Peifu 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the displacement in four lateral compression type 2 (LC2) fracture subtypes (iliac wing and three kinds of crescent fractures) and to investigate the appropriate closed reduction for treatment using a pelvic reduction frame.MethodsA total of 71 patients with LC2 pelvic fractures from February 2014 to November 2019 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Preoperative X‐ray and computed tomography data were used to assess the direction of the fracture displacement and the sacroiliac joint dislocation. The fractures in all patients were reduced with a pelvic reduction frame and fixed with percutaneous screws as well as an anterior subcutaneous pelvic ring internal fixator. Two different closed reduction strategies were adopted, one was first longitudinal traction and then transverse traction, the other was first transverse traction then longitudinal and LC2 traction. The Matta score system was used to evaluate the postoperative X‐ray and the Majeed score system was used for follow‐up evaluation.ResultsA total of 13 iliac wing fractures (86.7%) and 16 Day type 1 fractures (94.1%) were vertically stable with only internal displacement, the ring width displacements were 5 (3, 8.75) and 8 (4, 12) mm, the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) differences were 0 (0, 0) mm and 0 (0, 0) mm. A total of 21 Day type 2 fractures (95.5%) and 16 Day type 3 fractures (94.1%) were characterized by cephalic and dorsal fracture dislocation on the basis of internal displacement, the ring width displacements were 6 (4.25, 12) and 4 (0, 7.5) mm and the PSIS differences were 4 (2, 5) and 0 (0, 3.75) mm. Based on the Matta scores, excellent reduction was achieved in 51 patients, good reduction in 17 patients, and poor reduction in three patients. The average Majeed score was 91.6, with a minimum outpatient follow‐up of 12 months (average 31.6 months).ConclusionLC2 fractures involve two different kinds of fracture displacement: internal displacement only and a combination of internal, cephalic, and dorsal dislocation through the sacroiliac joint. Good clinical outcomes can be achieved for LC2 fractures using two different closed reduction strategies.
From reciprocity to welfare: Rerum Novarum, Catholicism, and early social security in Latin America
Authors: Biehl Andrés , Pérez de Arce Rodrigo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores the role of Catholicism after the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891), in shaping early Latin American social security. While social security is often interpreted as the outcome of organized distributional struggles, recent scholarship has begun to pay attention to the religious origins of a variety of social security systems. Building on this “religious turn”, the article reviews how research on religious traditions and the welfare state illuminate Latin American early developments of social security. By placing these experiences within welfare research at the beginning of the 20th century, this review aims to shed light on two understudied themes. First, new questions emerge connecting cultural understandings to their institutionalization through social policy. Second, Rerum Novarum and the social doctrines of the Catholic Church provided a vocabulary to nurture and legitimize secular state interventions in line with traditional ideas of reciprocity and charity. Social security models inspired by early German and French experiences, through the recommendations of the International Labour Organization, were adapted to local realities without challenging previous forms of social organizations that favored Catholic notions of in‐kind support and encouraged personal relationships. Building on recent scholarship, the article ends by calling for further research on how Catholic in‐built conceptions of reciprocity shape secular policies.
Trend effects on perceived avalanche hazard
Authors: Terum Jens Andreas , Mannberg Andrea , Hovem Finn Kristoffer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHazard‐level forecasts constitute an important risk mitigation tool to reduce loss of economic values and human life. Avalanche forecasts represent an example of this. As for many other domains, avalanche risk is communicated using a color‐coded, categorical risk scale aimed at informing the public about past, current, and future risk. We report the results from three experiments in which we tested if an irrelevant past trend in forecasted avalanche danger affects perceptions of current and future avalanche risk. Our sample consisted of individuals from three different populations targeted by national avalanche warning services. All three experiments showed that the perception of avalanche risk is influenced by the trend, but that the effect is opposite for perceptions of current and expectations of future avalanche risk. While future avalanche risk is extrapolated in the same direction as the change from the previous day, we found that perceived current risk appears to be based on an average of past and current risk. These effects diminish when we provide participants with a scale indicating the exact level of avalanche danger. For most of our measurement instruments, however, the effects remain significant. These results imply that targeted populations may consider historic information more than was intended by the sender. As such, our results have implications for both avalanche warning services and risk communication in general.
On the determinants and interrelationship of components of government spending
Authors: Obeng Samuel K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper examines the determinants and interrelationship of components of government spending using data for up to 142 countries over the period 1990–2017. We make use of two‐way fixed effect estimator with Driscoll‐Kraay standard errors, which accounts for cross‐sectional dependence and a system generalized method of moments estimator to examine the determinants of components of spending. We then adopt the seemingly unrelated regression estimation technique to examine the interrelationship between government spending types. From our results, there is little evidence of Wagner's Law as the coefficient of income is negative and statistically significant for most measures of spending. Further, we find that a reduction in overall government spending tends to reduce the share of almost all components of government spending except spending on economic services, non‐productive spending, and spending on transfers. In examining the interrelationship between government spending types, we find that government spending types under the Classification of Functions of Government (COFOG) classification, which may be described as “pure public goods” and “merit public good provision,” have complementary relationships. However, government spending on pure public good vs merit public goods, pure public goods vs economic services, and pure public goods vs transfers could be considered substitutes.
Analyzing vulnerability to poverty and assessing the role of universal public works and food security programs to reduce it: Evidence from an eastern Indian state
Authors: Khosla Sunil , Jena Pradyot Ranjan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial protection (SP) programs have become a widespread intervention to strengthen coping strategies in developing countries to improve the well‐being of vulnerable households. Past studies have identified the positive impact of SP on ex‐post poverty reduction. However, there is relatively scant evidence of the role of SP in reducing vulnerability to poverty (VtP). This study estimates the role of SP, in particular, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and public distribution system (PDS) in reducing household VtP in the eastern Indian state of Odisha. Firstly, the household VtP was estimated using the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method. Secondly, the role of SP in reducing household VtP was analyzed using the quantile regression (QR) approach. This study utilizes cross‐sectional data of 1506 rural households from the State of Odisha. The FGLS estimates show that the household VtP rate is 42.43% as opposed to the current poverty rate of 32.87% in the state. The QR results demonstrate that the households that participated in the MGNREGA program are less likely to fall into poverty than those without it. However, household access to the PDS is observed to have no significant association with vulnerability.
Tau‐function formulation for bright, dark soliton and breather solutions to the massive Thirring model
Authors: Chen Junchao , Feng Bao‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, we are concerned with the link between the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Toda (KP–Toda) hierarchy and the massive Thirring (MT) model. First, we bilinearize the MT model under both the vanishing and nonvanishing boundary conditions. Starting from a set of bilinear equations of two‐component KP–Toda hierarchy, we derive multibright solution to the MT model. Then, considering a set of bilinear equations of the single‐component KP–Toda hierarchy, multidark soliton and multibreather solutions to the MT model are constructed by imposing constraints on the parameters in two types of tau function, respectively. The dynamics and properties of one‐ and two‐soliton for bright, dark soliton and breather solutions are analyzed in details.
Response‐dependence and normativity
Authors: Sun Yifan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA non‐normative, response‐dependent view about morality can avoid metaphysical extravagance and explain why the extension of some non‐normative concepts can non‐accidentally match the extension of moral concepts. These features make it a plausible reductive account of moral properties. However, some philosophers believe that a response‐dependent account of morality must contain an irreducibly normative component. I argue that it is impossible to defend such a position while retaining the response‐dependent nature of morality in the ordinary sense. However, I believe that philosophers' motivation for engaging in such a philosophical project should be taken seriously. The underlying concern is that the plausibility of a response‐dependent view makes people's strong commitment to irreducible normativity a puzzle that requires an explanation. I explain why people systematically fail to give up this commitment without claiming that they rationally cannot give it up, which means a non‐normative response‐dependent view is immune from such a challenge.
Freedom's values: The good and the right
Authors: Intropi Pietro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow is freedom valuable? And how should we go about defining freedom? In this essay, I discuss a distinction between two general ways of valuing freedom: one appeals to the good (e.g., to freedom's contribution to well‐being); the other appeals to how persons have reason to treat one another in virtue of their status as purposive beings (to the right). The analysis of these two values has many relevant implications and it is preliminary to a better understanding of the relationships between freedom and justice. First, it contributes to shed light on the relationship between trust and the value of freedom, and on two attitudes towards freedom – promoting and respecting freedom. Second, it disambiguates between two versions of the claim that freedom has non‐specific/content‐independent value: one appeals to the good, the other to the right. And third, I show that certain implications concerning the definition of freedom follow from assuming an account of the value of freedom that exclusively appeals to the right, illustrating how the value of freedom can shape what freedom is.
DEFECTIVELY ORGANIZED TRIBUTARIES 5 is not required for leaf venation patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vlad Daniela , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThe search for genetic regulators of leaf venation patterning started over 30 years ago, primarily focused on mutant screens in the eudicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana. Developmental perturbations in either cotyledons or true leaves led to the identification of transcription factors required to elaborate the characteristic reticulated vein network. An ortholog of one of these, the C2H2 zinc finger protein DEFECTIVELY ORGANIZED TRIBUTARIES 5 (AtDOT5), was recently identified through transcriptomics as a candidate regulator of parallel venation in maize (Zea mays) leaves. To elucidate how AtDOT5 regulates vein patterning, we generated three independent loss‐of‐function mutations by gene editing in Arabidopsis. Surprisingly, none of them exhibited any obvious phenotypic perturbations. To reconcile our findings with earlier reports, we re‐evaluated the original Atdot5‐1 and Atdot5‐2 alleles. By genome sequencing, we show that reported mutations at the Atdot5‐1 locus are actually polymorphisms between Landsberg erecta and Columbia ecotypes, and that other mutations present in the background most likely cause the pleiotropic mutant phenotype observed. We further show that a T‐DNA insertion in the Atdot5‐2 locus has no impact on leaf venation patterns when segregated from other T‐DNA insertions present in the original line. We thus conclude that AtDOT5 plays no role in leaf venation patterning in Arabidopsis.
Comparison of chlorhexidine and alcohol‐based antisepsis on the paralumbar fossa in cattle
Authors: Doyle Aimie J. , Saab Matthew E. , McClure J Trenton 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine skin reaction, post‐treatment reduction (immediate effect), and 1 hour post‐treatment reduction (sustained effect) of aerobic bacterial colony forming units (CFU) following three antiseptic protocols in cattle.Study designProspective, randomized experimental study.AnimalsEighteen cows.MethodsThree sites in each paralumbar fossa were clipped and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 5 minute 4% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub (CHG); 90 second 80% ethanol scrub (ET); 90 second 70% isopropyl alcohol scrub (IPA). All sites were monitored at all sampling time points and at 24 hours following treatment for adverse skin reaction. Samples were collected pre‐, immediately post‐, and 1 hour post‐treatment and plated in duplicate. Bacterial counts were shifted to eliminate zeroes, log10transformed, and averaged. ANOVA was used to compare differences in mean reduction in log10CFU/ml between groups.ResultsReduction in log10CFU/ml was more pronounced immediately after application of IPA (p = .001) and ET (p = .001) than CHG. This reduction was better sustained after preparation with CHG than ET (p = .005) but not IPA. Immediate and sustained reductions in bacterial loads did not differ after application of IPA or ET. No adverse skin reactions were noted.ConclusionsSkin preparation with alcohol‐based antiseptics was well tolerated and improved immediate bacterial reduction compared to CHG. This reduction was better sustained 1 hour after application of CHG than ET, but no difference was detected between CHG and IPA.Clinical relevanceLack of adverse skin reaction and performance provide evidence to support skin preparation with alcohol‐based antiseptics in cattle.
Responses to nutrient addition, shading and clipping in a range expanding invasive plant, Mikania micrantha
Authors: Zhu Bin , Huang Fangfang , Fan Zhiwei , Huang Qiaoqiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvasive plants often spread in their new range. During range expansion, the population density at the invasion front may be low compared to that at the invasion centre, and this may select for an acquisitive growth strategy, such as rapid growth, stronger responses to nutrient addition, less tolerance to shading and more tolerance to biomass removal. In this study, we tested this idea using 27 populations of an invasive plant, Mikania micrantha, which is spreading on Hainan island of China in the past 20 years. Nutrient addition increased biomass of M. micrantha, and shading and clipping reduced it. Population density, frequency of occurrence and their interaction with nutrient addition, shading or clipping did not influence plant biomass and root to shoot ratio (RSR). For the western populations, both population density and frequency of occurrence were negatively correlated with RSR in the shading treatment. Overall, populations of M. micrantha differed little in growth. The reasons for these results may be that the spread distance and residence time of M. micrantha on Hainan island are too short to drive any evolutionary change, strong interspecific invaders may prevent M. micrantha from acquiring abundant resources when population density and frequency are low, and long distance dispersal of seeds and pollen may potentially mix genes, preventing adaptive evolution. These results indicate that M. micrantha may not evolve to be more invasive during range expansion. Future studies can examine if populations of M. micrantha differ in other aspects, such as seed dispersal ability and competitive ability.