bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in an adolescent with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid major depression disorder with anxiety symptoms: A case study
Authors: Nystazaki M. , Kalimeris S. , Tsakiri A. , Tsalamanios E. , Gkikas P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychiatric comorbidities, including depressive and anxiety disorders, are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Use of conventional therapies for treating depression and anxiety are of limited efficacy in individuals with ASD making treatment a challenging field. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and efficacious technique in major depressive disorder, and a similar approach could yield therapeutic benefits in ASD.ObjectivesThe aim of this case study is to present the effectiveness of rTMS in a 17 year old patient diagnosed with ASD and comorbid major depression disorder with anxiety symptoms.MethodsThis is a case study of a male adolescent aged 17, diagnosed with ASD and comorbid major depression disorder with anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation and aggressive behavior. The protocol applied was 4 weeks of daily rTMS sessions. This involved rTMS to the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (10 Hz, 3.000 pulses/120% motor threshold) to treat depressive symptoms and to the right (50Hz, 600 pulses/ 120%motor threshold) to treat anxiety symptoms. Assessments were conducted using the BDI, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales at baseline and one month follow up. Suicidal ideation and aggressive behavior were assessed by a clinician at same intervals.ResultsPatient showed overall improvement in scores both in depression and anxiety scales. Suicidal Ideation and aggressive behavior showed significant reduction. No side effects were recorded during therapy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the use of rTMS therapy in adolescents in the autistic spectrum and comorbid major depression disorder and anxiety symptoms is an efficacious and safe therapeutic treatment option.
Self and parent-reported sleep difficulties of adolescents with childhood conduct problems and comorbid psychological problems
Authors: Tomasiello M. , Martin-Storey A. , Bégin V. , Déry M. , Poirier M. , Temcheff C. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Children with conduct problems (CP) exhibit problematic externalizing behaviors that violate the rights of others and/or societal norms, are likely to present with comorbid psychological problems, engage in high-risk behaviours during adolescence and in turn, display poorer prospective health in adulthood. However, little known about their adolescent quotidian behaviors, such as their sleep behaviours, which may contribute to these poorer outcomes.ObjectivesUsing a sample designed to assess the longitudinal consequences of CP, the current study examines how histories of CP and comorbidity with depressive symptoms and/or attention-hyperactivity problems are associated with sleep difficulties during adolescence.Methods744 participants from an ongoing longitudinal study in Québec, Canada were assessed for CP and comorbidities when they were 6 to 10-years-old. They were classified as without CP, CP only, CP and depressive symptoms, CP and attention-hyperactivity problems, or CP, depressive symptoms and attention-hyperactivity problems based on parent and teacher-reported indices. Sleep difficulties were assessed 7 years later, using self and parent-reported indices. Regression analyses controlling for sex, age, family income, maternal education and medications were conducted.Resultsdemonstrated that youth and parents from all CP groups reported more sleep difficulties than youth without histories of CP. Participants from the CP, depressive symptoms and attention-hyperactivity problem group reported more sleep difficulty than all other groups, while their parents did not.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that histories of CP, regardless of comorbidity, predispose youth to future sleep difficulties and highlight the importance of incorporating self and parental indices of sleep as well as examining the effect of comorbidity.
The challenges of psychopharmacological treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in lombardy
Authors: Vita A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Public Mental Health Services in Lombardy (Italy) has 27 Departments for Mental Health and Addiction Services and a number of private residential facilities. With the reorganization of the entire Healthcare system to deal with COVID-19, Regional Health Authorities recognized mental health as a priority and authorized the continuation of mental health services for the general population. Objectives: To review the initiatives and procedures implemented in Lombardy during the Covid-19 pandemic in relation to the organization of Psychiatric Services and continuity of psychopharmacological treatment. Results: Hospital admissions for acute psychiatric disorders in patients positive for COVID-19 required a dedicated area in the psychiatric ward or alternatively, a medical ward supported by psychiatric staff. Psychiatric hospital activity for patients negative for Covid-19 has been maintained as usual. The activity in the Mental Health Centers has been maintained in patients suffering from severe mental disorders as well as in those with serious social problems or judicial sentences. Particular attention was paid to patients’ clinical monitoring and drug administration. Long-acting Injection antipsychotics were often preferred to oral treatment to ensure adherence and continuity of care. Appropriate e-health technologies were used to reach patients and their families, for monitoring patients and avoiding drop-outs of patients with serious diseases. Conclusions: Maintaining continuous monitoring of patients in contact with mental health services is essential for a careful assessment of their condition from both a psychopathological and medical point of view during pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Behaviour in childhood is associated with distinct patterns of partnering in adulthood
Authors: Vergunst F. , Zheng Y. , Domond P. , Vitaro F. , Tremblay R. , Nagin D. , Park J. , Cote S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChildhood behavioral problems are highly prevalent in school-aged children and are associated with poor long-term outcomes. Yet little is known about their association with patterns of partnering in adulthood.ObjectivesTo (1) describe patterns of partnering from age 18-35 years in a large population-based sample, and (2) examine the association between childhood behavioural problems and adult partnering patterns.MethodsBehavioural ratings were prospectively obtained from teachers when children (n=2960) were aged 10-12 years – for inattention, hyperactivity, aggression-opposition, anxiety and prosociality – and linked to their tax return records from age 18-35 years. We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify distinct trajectories of partnering (married or cohabitating) and multinomial regression models to examine the association between childhood behaviour and trajectory group membership.Results
Five distinct trajectories of partnering were identified: early-partnered (n=420, 14.4%), mid-partnered (n=620, 21.3%), late-partnered (n=570, 19.2%), early-separated (n=460, 15.5%), and delayed-or-unpartnered (n=890, 30.0%). After adjustment for sex and family background, children rated as being anxious or inattentive were more likely to remain unpartnered from age 18 to 35 years, while those rated as aggressive-oppositional or inattentive were more likely to separate and return to unpartnered status. Prosocial behaviours were consistently associated with earlier and more sustained partnership. Participants in the early-separated and delayed-or-unpartnered trajectories were also more likely to have left high school without a diploma and to have lower earnings.ConclusionsChildhood behavioural problems were associated with increased likelihood of being unpartnered and of partnership dissolution, which has implications for the psychological health and wellbeing of individuals and their families.
Why do mentally ill, homeless people use substances?
Authors: Elmquist L. , Henriksen M. , Nordgaard J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn the Danish social welfare system, few people are homeless solely for economic reasons. In fact, 38% of homeless people suffer from both substance use and a psychiatric disorder, making diagnostic assessment and treatment difficult. This patient group, with dual diagnoses, often fail to receive effective treatment, and the consequences are far reaching and detrimental. A more comprehensive grasp of the history and patterns of substance use in these patients may contribute to improve their treatment.ObjectivesTo identify the role and patterns of substance use in mentally ill, homeless people.Methods50 homeless, mentally ill patients are examined in comprehensive interviews, exploring the relationship between substance use, homelessness, and suffering from a mental disorder. The data are analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively using thematic analysis.ResultsPreliminary results indicate that substance use in mentally ill homeless patients is a complex phenomenon. On the one hand, substance use seems to contribute to keep the patient homeless and makes it difficult for the patient to get the necessary psychiatric help. On the other hand, substance use also appear to play an important part in coping with life on the streets by offering some kind of social contact and some relief from a desperate situation.ConclusionsIt seems that the triad of substance use, mental illness, and homelessness somehow reinforce each other and simultaneously locks the situation. New approaches for disentangling this locked situation and avoiding this ‘Bermuda triangle’ is needed.
Forced normalization and psychosis
Authors: Valadas M.T. , Freitas R. Mota 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEpilepsy is associated with a wide range of psychiatric manifestations. Forced normalization occurs when the establishment of improved seizure control in a patient with previous uncontrolled epilepsy leads to the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, which include, among others, psychotic phenomena.ObjectivesWe aim to review the literature regarding the phenomenon of forced normalization and its association with psychosis.MethodsWe performed an updated review in the PubMed database using the terms “forced normalization” and “psychosis”. The included articles were selected by title and abstract.Results
Psychosis is the most common behavioural disturbance in forced normalization, usually manifested as delusions and hallucinations. Forced normalization is more frequent in young female patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Antiepileptic drug treatment and epilepsy surgery are the most common triggers. Institution of antipsychotics and management of antiepileptic drugs are part of the treatment. Prognosis seems to be better in women, children and patients with generalized epilepsy, among other factors.ConclusionsForced normalization is an overlooked entity, the pathophysiology of which remains largely uncertain. The recognition of forced normalization by psychiatrists is crucial for adequate patient treatment including pharmacological management and consultation with a neurologist
Characteristics of hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in patients with vascular dementia of different stages of development
Authors: Maruta N. , Shevchenko-Bitenskiy K. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe most frequent and severe non-cognitive disorders in dementia are hallucinatory-paranoid disorders (HPD), which cause social dysfunction and financial burden of this pathology.ObjectivesTo study the features of HPD in vascular dementia (VD), an approach using clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, psychodiagnostic and mathematical-statistical methods was used.MethodsThe study was based on the examination of 75 patients with HPD in VD and 63 patients with VD without HPD.ResultsIn patients with VD in the middle stage of development in the structure of clinical manifestations was dominated by frequent paranoid and paranoid disorders (in 75.6% of patients, p <0.05) with a systemic delusional plot (in 70.1% of patients, p <0.01) material damage, robbery, theft (in 26.8% of patients, p <0.01), relationships (in 21.9% of patients, p <0.01) and jealousy (in 17.1% of patients, p <0, 01), which ran in the form of paranoid delusional disorder (63.4%), acute paranoia (12.2%) and hallucinations (24.4%). In patients with VD in the late stage of development, the clinical and psychopathological structure of GPR was characterized by a predominance of frequent, hallucinatory disorders (82.4% of patients, p <0.01) in the form of healthy (23.5%, p <0.1), tactile (20.6%, p <0.01) and auditory (26.5%, p <0.5) hallucinations, which took the form of hallucinations (44.2%, p <0.05), confusion (61.5 %, p <0.05) and paranoid delusional disorder (17.6%, p <0.01).ConclusionsThe study of the clinical and psychopathological structure of HPD in patients with dementia of different stages of development revealed their dependence on the stage of development of the pathological process.
Depression and anxiety disorders in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Bouali W. , Gniwa R. Omezzine , Soussia R. Ben , Mohamed A. Hadj , Zarrouk L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression and anxiety are among the most common comorbid illnesses in people with end-stage renal disease. They are under-recognized in hemodialysis (HD) patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among HD patients and its associated factors.Methods
A cross-sectional study including patients on hemodialysis at the dialysis unit of the University Medical Center of Mahdia, Tunisia, conducted from December 2016 to January 2017. A standard self-administered questionnaire-the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used in the study to measure the presence and severity of anxiety and depression in the study population.Resultswere collated from 55 patients. Overall, 32.7% of patients reported depression and 23.6% reported anxiety. Among symptoms, depression had a significant correlation with diabetes, high blood pressure, and duration of dialysis (p<0.05). Regarding anxiety, this significant correlation was only seen with the duration of dialysis.ConclusionsThe current study showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients is important and correlates with clinical variables, so effective interventions for mental health should be taken into consideration and the impact of these interventions should be investigated.
Depression and anxiety among older people in central africa: Epidemca population-based study
Authors: Gbessemehlan A. , Guerchet M. , Adou C. , Clément J.-P. , Ndamba-Bandzouzi B. , Mbelesso P. , Houinato D. , Preux P.-M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe burden of depression and anxiety is poorly documented in Central African populations.ObjectivesTo present the epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders among older people in two Central African countries.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in Republic of Congo (ROC) and Central African Republic (CAR) between 2011 - 2012 among people aged ≥ 65 years (EPIDEMCA study). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and participants underwent a brief physical examination. Depression and anxiety symptoms were ascertained using a community version of the Geriatric Mental State (GMS-B3). Probable cases were defined as having a GMS-AGECAT score ≥ 3. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between potential risk factors collected and presence of at least one of both symptoms.ResultsOverall 2002 participants were included in the EPIDEMCA study. Median age of the participants was 72 years [interquartile range: 68 – 78 years] and 61.8% were females. Prevalence was 38.1% (95% Confidence Interval: 35.9% - 40.2%) for depression, 7.7% (95% CI: 6.5% - 8.9%) for anxiety. In total 40.1% had least one of both symptoms. In multivariable models, the following factors were associated with the presence of at least one of both symptoms: female sex, residence area, frailty, cognitive disorders, a high happiness score (protective) and hypertension (adjusted Odds Ratios from 1.3 to 1.7; p<0.01).ConclusionsIn light of the high prevalence of both psychiatric symptoms among Central African older people, evidence on their epidemiology is important for better management and policy planning.
Somatic disorders in psychiatric inpatients : Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Turki M. , Abid W. , Bouzid O. , Ellouze S. , Ouali R. , Halouani N. , Aloulou J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElevated prevalence of somatic disorders (SD) in patients with mental diseases is well recognized and studied since latest years. However, their detection remains too late, which darken the prognosis of both diseases, and complicate the therapeutic management.Objectives
We aimed to determine the prevalence of SD in psychiatric inpatients, and to assess relationships between the two diseases.MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the medical records of 94 male patients hospitalized for the first time in psychiatry “B” department, Hedi Chaker hospital (Sfax, Tunisia), in the period from January 1st until December 31st, 2019.Results
The mean age of patients was 36.88 years. Among them, 22.3% used cannabis and 37.2% consumed alcohol. Schizophrenia (41,5%) and bipolar disorders (20.2%) were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. During their hospitalization, at list one SD was noted in 53.2%: cardiovascular diseases 21.3% (electrocardiographic anomalies 19,1%); infections 9.6% and hepatic pathologies 8.5 %. The SD was comorbid with psychiatric disease in 90%, and represented a side effect of psychotropics in 10% of patients with SD. Older Patients were more likely to present SD during hospitalization, without a significant association. Patients with schizophrenia were significantly more likely to present infections (p=0.031). Repolarization disorders are more common in patients with cannabis use (p = 0.006).ConclusionsOur study pointed the high prevalence of SD in patients with mental illnesses, especially in those with schizophrenia and cannabis use. Thus, the somatic assessment should be a systematic practice to identify patients at risk for somatic complications and ensure timely their transfer to a specialized setting.
Escitalopram in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Artemieva M. , Danilin I. , Ziewozinska Z. , Suleimanov R. , Lazukova A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease, affecting up to 2-4% of population. The majority of investigations agree that this disease appears to be a result of confluence of genetic, allergenic and emotional factors. There is usually more than one trigger that leads to the manifestation or exacerbation of symptoms. Psychogenic factors are clearly in a pattern here. Some personality traits may lead to instability of the emotional sphere that can act alternately as a cause, then as an aftereffect of exacerbation of the chronic process, forming a so called “vicious circle” of psychosomatic disease.ObjectivesTo discover the impact of escitalopram on the symptoms of psoriasis.Methods
14 patients were diagnosed with psoriasis. All patients underwent psychiatric interviewing and psychological testing (STAI and HADS). The results revealed increased trait anxiety levels among 8 of them with moderate severity of the process according to SCORAD index. 3 cases demonstrated symptoms of clinically expressed and 4 subclinical levels of depression. Escitalopram (10 to 20 mg. daily) was administered along with common dermatologic therapy in these patients.ResultsPatients treated with escitalopram showed a reduction of anxiety and depression tests scores as well as the values some dermatological symptoms such as pruritus.Conclusions
These preliminary results of 3 months study gives us a hope of successful psychopharmacological treatment of psoriasis in cooperation with dermatologists. Finding intercommunications in pathogenesis of skin and emotional disorders could optimize the treatment and improve patient’s quality of life. The publication was prepared with the support of the “RUDN University Program 5-100”.
Mental health of people living with hiv and adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Goma F. , Papazisis G. , Papakonstantinou E. , Karakioulakis G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAdherence to antiretroviral therapy is a key factor in predicting the success or failure of treatment. Data suggest that the status of mental health and especially depression of people living with HIV can affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the mental health status of people living with HIV, to record adherence to antiretroviral therapy and to investigate whether mental health affects adherence to antiretroviral therapy.MethodsA cross-sectional mixed observational correlation study in a sample of 112 HIV-positive individuals was conducted. The Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) was used to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression, and the WHOQOL – BREF tool was used to assess mental health.Results
The results of the study showed that 58.93% of patients were found to be non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, according to the BDI scale, 10.7% of patients experienced marginal clinical depression, 10.7% experienced moderate levels of depression and 2.7% experienced severe or very severe levels of depression. Further, people living with HIV had a moderate level of mental health (M = 3.40, SD = 0.58).Conclusions
Our study showed that a high percentage of people living with HIV are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Factors that are possibly associated with decreased adherence are mental health and especially depression. Psychological support for people living with HIV and anti-depressant prevention programs could increase adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Pain as relief
Authors: Vázquez P. García , Martinez R. Gomez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDermatitis artefacta (DA) is a condition whereby self-induced skin damage is the means used to satisfy a desire to assume the sick role.ObjectivesTo describe clinical evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of an 15 years-old woman with DA.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records, including dermatology, psychiatry and Pathology.Results
A 15-year-old woman, who come to the Child Psychiatry consultations derived by the Dermatology Service, which is attended by the appearance of multiple bullous lesions throughout the body. Since August, the patient has reported a worsening of her mood, with feelings of loneliness and vital emptiness, with somatic and psychic anxiety referred. In the Dermatology office, she does not recognize self-infliction and the patient is derived to psychiatry consultation and solicited a skin biopsia. In the psychiatric interview, she recognizes that burns occur with a deodorant spray. She admitted doubts about her sexuality for months, claiming to be homosexual for the first time. When she burns, feels pleasure and relief. At the exploration: She wears a gay pride flag bracelet. Expressionless attitude. Cold contact. Approachable. Slightly collaborative. Without major affective disorders. No somatic anxiety, nor psychic. Short speech, impoverished language. Personality traits Cluster B and C. •Salamanca Questionnaire: Dependent personality, and in the background anxiety and histrionic. •Plutchik Impulsivity Scale: 14. •Toronto Alexithymia Scale: 64Conclusions
The prognosis of the condition is variable, but it has been shown that resolution of the underlying psychosocial stressor leads to improvement. Multinucleated keratinocytes, a pathognomonic lesion of cryodermatitis artefacta, are discovered in the Pathology.