bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional traits of a plant species fingerprint ecosystem productivity along broad elevational gradients in the Himalayas
Authors: Sigdel Shalik Ram , Liang Eryuan , Rokaya Maan Bahadur , Rai Samresh , Dyola Nita , Sun Jian , Zhang Lin , Zhu Haifeng , Chettri Nakul , Chaudhary Ram Prasad , Camarero J. Julio , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

It is a challenge to scale‐up from simplified proxies to ecosystem functioning since the inherent complexity of natural ecosystems hinders such an approach. One way to address this complexity is to track ecosystem processes through the lens of plant functional traits. Elevational gradients with diverse biotic and abiotic conditions offer ideal settings for inferring functional trait responses to environmental gradients globally. However, most studies have focused on differences in mean trait values among species, and little is known on how intraspecific traits vary along wide elevational gradients and how this variability reflects ecosystem productivity.

We measured functional traits of the sub‐shrub Koenigia mollis (Basionym: Polygonum molle; a widespread species) in 11 populations along a wide elevational gradient (1515–4216 m) considering from subtropical forest to alpine treeline in the central Himalayas. After measuring different traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf area, length of flowering branches, leaf carbon isotope (δ13C), leaf carbon and leaf nitrogen concentrations), we investigated drivers on changes of these traits and also characterized their relationships with elevation, climate and ecosystem productivity.

All trait values decreased with increasing elevation, except for δ13C that increased upwards. Likewise, most traits showed strong positive relationships with potential evapotranspiration, while δ13C exhibited a negative relationship. In this context, elevation‐dependent water–energy dynamics is the primary driver of trait variations. Furthermore, six key traits (plant height, length of flowering branch, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, leaf nitrogen and leaf δ13C) explained 90.45% of the variance in ecosystem productivity.

Our study evidences how elevation‐dependent climate variations affect ecosystem processes and functions. Intraspecific variability in leaf functional traits is strongly driven by changes in water–energy dynamics, and reflects changes in ecosystem productivity over elevation. K. mollis, with one of the widest elevational gradients known to date, could be a model species to infer functional trait responses to environmental gradients globally. As inferred from K. mollis, the water–energy dynamics can be a hydrothermal variable to understand the formation of vegetation boundaries, such as alpine treeline. This study sheds new insight on how plants modify their basic ecological strategies to cope with changing environments.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
More grazing, more damage? Assessed yield loss on agricultural grassland relates nonlinearly to goose grazing pressure
Authors: Buitendijk Nelleke H. , de Jager Monique , Hornman Menno , Kruckenberg Helmut , Kölzsch Andrea , Moonen Sander , Nolet Bart A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In recent decades, conflict between geese and agriculture has increased. Management practices to limit this conflict include concentrating geese in protected areas, derogation shooting or population reduction. To justify such management, we need to understand their effects on goose‐related damages, which requires an understanding of how yield loss is influenced by goose abundance and species interactions.

We combined data from monthly goose counts and GPS‐tracked geese to estimate grazing pressures by barnacle, white‐fronted and greylag geese on agricultural grassland in Fryslân, the Netherlands. Using linear mixed models, we related this to damages assessed by professional inspectors.

Our results show a positive nonlinear relationship between yield loss and barnacle goose grazing pressure, where assessed damage increases with a decelerating rate as grazing pressure increases. For white‐fronted geese, we find a negative relationship, while for greylag geese both positive and negative relationships occur. For each species, the relationship is influenced by the abundance of the other two.

For barnacle geese, the relationship can be explained by selection of fields offering the best balance between food intake and energy expenditure, and by grass regrowth, with highest grazing pressures occurring over a longer time period. The results for the other species are likely due to spatial and temporal differences in foraging preferences compared to barnacle geese, where larger species avoid areas with highest damages.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that decreasing herbivore abundance may not translate directly to decreased yield loss, and management tools such as population reduction or derogation shooting should be used with care. Management aimed at concentrating geese in refuges could help to alleviate farmer–goose conflict, although further studies are required to determine if it would lead to damage reduction. We also find that not all species contribute equally to agricultural damage; care should be taken to ensure wildlife management targets the right species.
Sex differences among patients presenting to hospital with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and shockable rhythm
Authors: Ho Felicia CS , Zheng Wayne C , Noaman Samer , Batchelor Riley J , Wexler Noah , Hanson Laura , Bloom Jason E , Al‐Mukhtar Omar , Haji Kawa , D'Elia Nicholas , Kaye David , Shaw James , Yang Yang , French Craig , Stub Dion , Cox Nicholas , Chan William 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveSex differences in patients presenting with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and shockable rhythm might be associated with disparities in clinical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study and compared characteristics and short‐term outcomes between male and female adult patients who presented with OHCA and shockable rhythm at two large metropolitan health services in Melbourne, Australia between the period of 2014–2018. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of sex on clinical outcomes.ResultsOf 212 patients, 166 (78%) were males and 46 (22%) were females. Both males and females presented with similar rates of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (44% vs 36%, P = 0.29), although males were more likely to have a history of coronary artery disease (32% vs 13%) and a final diagnosis of a cardiac cause for their OHCA (89% vs 72%), both P = 0.01. Rates of coronary angiography (81% vs 71%, P = 0.23) and percutaneous coronary intervention (51% vs 42%, P = 0.37) were comparable among males and females. No differences in rates of in‐hospital mortality (38% vs 37%, P = 0.90) and 30‐day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (composite of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and nonfatal stroke) (39% vs 41%, P = 0.79) were observed between males and females, respectively. Female sex was not associated with worse in‐hospital mortality when adjusted for other variables (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.28–1.60, P = 0.36).ConclusionAmong patients presenting with OHCA and a shockable rhythm, baseline sex and sex differences were not associated with disparities in short‐term outcomes in contemporary systems of care.
EVESTA: EmergencyVESTibularAlgorithm and its impact on the acute management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Neely Prue , Patel Hemal , McTaggart John , Bright Stephen , Wellings Tom 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesise evidence‐based research concerning the assessment and management of acute dizziness via construction of a comprehensive clinical algorithm. Assess its clinical impact with an aim to improve the acute management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) within Wyong Public Hospital ED in four key recommendations.MethodCurrent best practice models of care were synthesised into a single clinical, district‐based peer‐reviewed algorithm by a specialist focus group. An observational pre‐ and post‐implementation study was completed to assess the impact of the algorithm on the management of BPPV. A total of 162 notes (pre [control]n = 87 and post [intervention]n = 75) met the inclusion criteria. Adherence to the BPPV clinical practice guidelines statements 1a, 3a, 4a and 6 were analysed for statistical difference in practice between the two groups.ResultsFollowing implementation of the Emergency VESTibular Algorithm (EVESTA), compliance showed a significant improvement in Hallpike–Dix performed by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14–40%; defects pre‐intervention 40%: post‐intervention 13%) (P < 0.001), utilisation of neuroimaging reduced by 16% (95% CI 2–30%; 40%: 24%) (P < 0.05), repositioning techniques performed increased by 33% (95% CI 18–48%; 68%: 36%) (P < 0.001). Administration of vestibular suppressant medication reduced by 30% (95% CI 15–45%; 59%: 29%) (P < 0.001). An interrupted time series analysis confirmed significant change in BPPV admissions post‐project −4.23% (95% CI −7.20, −1.27%) (P = 0.041).ConclusionDiagnosis and management of acute dizziness is challenging within the ED. Synthesis of best practice into a clinical algorithm has improved the diagnosis and evidence‐based treatment of BPPV. There is continued opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness in the management of both central and peripheral acute dizziness within the ED.
Combinatorial biosynthesis yields novel hybrid argimycin P alkaloids with diverse scaffolds in Streptomyces argillaceus
Authors: Ye Suhui , Ballin Giovanni , Pérez‐Victoria Ignacio , Braña Alfredo F. , Martín Jesús , Reyes Fernando , Salas José A. , Méndez Carmen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoelimycin P1 and argimycins P are two types of polyketide alkaloids produced by Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces argillaceus, respectively. Their biosynthesis pathways share some early steps that render very similar aminated polyketide chains, diverging the pathways afterwards. By expressing the putative isomerase cpkE and/or the putative epoxidase/dehydrogenase cpkD from the coelimycin P1 gene cluster into S. argillaceus wild type and in argimycin mutant strains, five novel hybrid argimycins were generated. Chemical characterization of those compounds revealed that four of them show unprecedented scaffolds (quinolizidine and pyranopyridine) never found before in the argimycin family of compounds. One of these compounds (argimycin DM104) shows improved antibiotic activity. Noticeable, biosynthesis of these quinolizidine argimycins results from a hybrid pathway created by combining enzymes from two different pathways, which utilizes an aminated polyketide chain as precursor instead of lysine as it occurs for other quinolizidines.
Physician workload and treatment choice: the case of primary care
Authors: Shurtz Ity , Eizenberg Alon , Alkalay Adi , Lahad Amnon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrimary care is a notable example of a service industry where capacity‐constrained suppliers face fluctuating demand levels. To meet this challenge, physicians trade off their time with patients with other inputs such as lab tests and referrals. We study this tradeoff using administrative data from a large Israeli HMO where the absence of colleagues generates exogenous variation in physician workload. We motivate and estimate a range of specifications, from a classic exclusion restriction within a linear model to non‐parametric, partially identified models. The results suggest that diagnostic inputs are unlikely to properly compensate for a decline in time spent with patients.
Extracapsular cataract extraction in Europe prior to Jacques Daviel
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Claoué Charles , Schwartz Stephen G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe first successful planned extracapsular cataract extraction was reported by Jacques Daviel in 1752. The history of European cataract surgery in the first half of the 18th century, immediately preceding Daviel's report, contains interesting information that explains the foundations of this accomplishment. Daviel himself credited the prior work of Francois Pourfour du Petit. Other important advances were reported by Michel Brisseau, Antoine Maitre‐Jan, Jean Méry and others. A critical insight during this time period was the realization that the cataract was, in fact, the opacified crystalline lens, rather than a membrane or opacity located anterior to the lens.
Reflecting on physical activity across 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Predictors of intention‐behavior profiles
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Sui Wuyou , Nuss Kayla , Liu Sam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected how many people engage in regular moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this study was to predict current and dynamic (across 2 years of the pandemic) intention and MVPA profiles using the multi‐process action control (M‐PAC) framework. A representative sample of 977 English‐speaking Canadians (18 + years) completed measures of reflective (instrumental attitude, affective attitude, perceived capability, and opportunity), regulatory (planning and self‐monitoring), and reflexive (habit and identity) processes, intention, and MVPA. These measures included current assessments and reflections prior to the COVID‐19 restrictions. Three current intention‐behavior profiles (nonintenders, unsuccessful intenders, and successful intenders) and five dynamic intention‐MVPA by prepandemic MVPA profiles (consistent nonintenders, relapsed nonintenders, consistent unsuccessful intenders, relapsed unsuccessful intenders, and consistent successful intenders) emerged from these data, showing few increased MVPA across the pandemic. The current and dynamic profiles were subsequently predicted by changes in specific reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes across the pandemic; however, only change in identity was the critical predictor of successful MVPA engagement in the dynamic 2‐year MVPA profiles. Collectively, the findings support the joint promotion of reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes in the choice of behavior change techniques to promote postpandemic MVPA intention and behavior.
‘She didn't know how to go back’: School attendance problems in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic—A multiple stakeholder qualitative study with parents and professionals
Authors: McDonald Brontë , Lester Kathryn J. , Michelson Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in school closures worldwide and unexcused absences have increased since schools reopened.AimsDrawing on multiple stakeholders' perspectives, we aimed to (i) develop a detailed understanding of how school attendance problems (SAPs) have manifested for primary school‐aged children in the context of COVID‐19; and (ii) identify promising community‐based intervention strategies.MethodsWe used a qualitative design with two sequential phases of data collection. Phase 1 involved insight generation using qualitative surveys with parents and professionals working in primary education settings. These results were used to guide in‐depth stakeholder interviews in Phase 2.SamplePhase 1 included 29 parents of primary‐school children experiencing SAPs and 19 professionals. Phase 2 included 10 parents and 12 professionals. Parents were recruited through social media; professionals were identified through schools and associated networks in Southern England.ResultsAttendance was particularly challenging for children with special educational needs and pre‐existing anxiety problems. Compounding factors included COVID‐related anxiety, difficulties adapting to new school routines, poor home‐school communication and collaboration, and concerns about academic catch‐up. Effective support was characterized by schools and families working closely together. Recommendations for practice improvements centred on early intervention, re‐building parent‐school relationships, peer support for parents, and improving special educational provision.ConclusionNew interventions for SAPs must be sensitive to the ongoing COVID‐19 context. Help should be easily accessible in the community and address modifiable risk and protective factors for individual children, in family systems, and at the home‐school interface.
Haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Huang Ting , Xu Lanping , Zhang Xiaohui , Chang Yingjun , Mo Xiaodong , Sun Yuqian , Huang Xiaojun , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with tumour protein p53 (TP53) mutations are often resistant to chemotherapy and have worse clinical outcomes than patients without TP53 mutations. In this study, we compared clinical outcomes of patients with AML with and without TP53 mutations who underwent haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT). For the TP53‐mutation group and TP53 wild‐type group, the 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was (39.0% vs. 21.2% respectively, p = 0.088), the 2‐year non‐relapse mortality (NRM) rate was (3.2% vs. 8.4% respectively, p = 0.370), the 2‐year leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) was (57.7% vs. 71.3% respectively, p = 0.205), the 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate was (69.9% vs. 81.3% respectively, p = 0.317), the 100‐day cumulative incidence of Grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) was (6.5% vs. 20.7% respectively, p = 0.074), the 2‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was (52.3% vs. 53.1% respectively, p = 0.493) and the 2‐year GvHD‐free/relapse‐free survival (GRFS) was (57.7% vs. 69.6% respectively, p = 0.347). Our data showed that there were no significant differences in 2‐year clinical outcomes between the two groups. Multivariable analysis showed TP53 mutations had no significant impact on CIR, NRM, OS, GvHD, LFS or GRFS. Our findings suggest that patients with AML with TP53 mutations may at least partially benefit from haplo‐HSCT. Haplo‐HSCT might be the recommended treatment for such patients.
Antibody status following booster vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in patients with haematologic malignancies
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Terao Toshiki , Fukumoto Ami , Uesugi Yuka , Tabata Rikako , Kuzume Ayumi , Tsushima Takafumi , Miura Daisuke , Narita Kentaro , Takeuchi Masami , Yamashita Takeshi , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Matsue Kosei 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAntibody titres in 462 patients with haematological malignancies after the second (D2) and third (D3) SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine were compared with those of healthy controls (HCs). Significant decay of antibody titre was observed pre D3, but titre surged post D3. The number of seronegative patients decreased from 79 (17.1%) to 44 (9.5%) from post D2 to post D3, and patients with adequate antibody titre increased from 204 (44.2%) to 358 (77.5%). Of the patients who received B‐cell‐targeted therapy, 80% were seronegative and 71% remained seronegative after D3. CD19+, CD4+, CD8+ cell counts, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were identified as independent predictors for adequate serologic response.
Categorization of emotions in dog behavior based on the deep neural network
Authors: Kowalczuk Zdzisław , Czubenko Michał , Żmuda‐Trzebiatowska Weronika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present a neural system based on stock architecture for recognizing emotional behavior in dogs. Our considerations are inspired by the original work of Franzoni et al. on recognizing dog emotions. An appropriate set of photographic data has been compiled taking into account five classes of emotional behavior in dogs of one breed, including joy, anger, licking, yawning, and sleeping. Focusing on a particular breed makes it easier to experiment and recognize the emotional behavior of dogs. To broaden our conclusions, in our research study we compare our system with other systems of different architectures. In addition, we also use modern transfer learning with augmentation and data normalization techniques. The results show that VGG16 and VGG19 are the most suitable backbone networks. Therefore, a certain deep neural network, named mVGG16, based on the suboptimal VGG16 has been created, trained and fine‐tuned with transfer (without augmentation and normalization). The developed system is then tested against an internal test dataset. In addition, to show the robustness of the system, a set of external data outside the breed is also taken into account. Being able to detect unsafe dog behavior and rely on a generalization for other breeds is worth popularizing. Equally important are the possible applications of the system to monitor the behavior of pets in the absence of their owners.
Risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism in tuberculosis: A case control study
Authors: Nan Guo Yi , Fei He , Zhen Wang , Yun Duan Tian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) patients who develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) have poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the risk factors and the prognosis of TB patients with VTE. A total of 11 267 with TB patients from the Zhejiang University‐affiliated Chest Hospital, China, were enrolled between January 2016 and January 2020. A total of 107 TB patients with VTE were selected as the VTE group. Patients in the control group were randomly screened in a 1:1 ratio between the VTE and control groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with VTE in TB patients. Of the 214 patients, 145 (60.17%) were male, 69 (32.2%) were female, with an average age of 62.21 ± 19.35. The incidence of VTE in TB patients was 0.95%. Using a univariate analysis, it was found that age, fever, dyspnea, lower limb edema, respiratory failure, malignant tumor, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D—dimer, and hemoglobin levels were different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher D‐dimer value, higher incidence of lower limb edema, and TB were risk factors for VTE; OR (95%CI) = 8.840 (2.383–32.794); OR (95%CI) = 4.957 (1.219–20.161); OR (95%CI) = 16.216 (4.779–55.025). However, the use of Rifamycin was found to be a protective factor against VTE [OR (95%CI) = 0.170(0.073–0.395)]. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve of D‐dimer (area under curve [AUC] = 0.831 ± 0.028 [95%CI: 0.776–0.886, P < 0.05]) and the cut‐off value of 1855 μg/L was obtained according to the Youden index, with a sensitivity and a specificity rate of 82.2% and 74.3%, respectively. The risks of VTE seem higher in TB patients with fever, dyspnea, lower limb edema, and D‐dimer levels of more than 1855 μg/L; therefore, it should be actively screened, and prophylactic anticoagulation given if necessary. Effective directly observed treatment plus short‐course chemotherapy (DOTS) protocol anti‐TB therapy helps reduce the probability of VTE in TB patients.