bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil spills adsorption and cleanup by polymeric materials: A review
Authors: Haridharan Neelamegan , Sundar Dhivyasundar , Kurrupasamy Lakshmanan , Anandan Sambandam , Liu Chen‐Hua , Wu Jerry J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOil spills are environmental disasters that impact human, plants, and wild life, such as birds, fish, and mammals. This article has comprehensively reviewed the progress made in oil spills remediation especially by polymeric adsorbents. Various methodologies involved in oil sorption using porous polymer network and its recovery are thoroughly discussed. In addition, new concepts and development in synthesizing sponge, fiber, graft, and crosslinked polymer networks are also collected briefly and future perspectives are suggested. With their unique physical and mechanical properties coupled with their very high surface area and small pore sizes, polymer‐based adsorbents can be used as advanced materials for cleaning up oil spills.
Improved water flux in optimized electrospun polysulfone/nanoclay membranes
Authors: Vahedi Mehran , Sherafat Zahra , Bagherzadeh Elham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWater crisis is undoubtedly one of the main global challenges and water membranes can be used to tackle this issue. In this study, electrospun polysulfone (PSU)/nanoclay membranes were fabricated. The fabrication process was optimized to achieve desirable fibers using response surface methodology, considering nanoclay concentration, electrospinning feeding rate, and voltage as the influencing factors on the membrane properties. SEM images was used to determine the average fiber diameter and imperfection factor of the fibrous composites and their hydrophilicity was assessed based on their water contact angle (CA) values. A suitable model was proposed for each property to predict its variation with the influencing parameters. The results showed that the voltage and feed rate are directly related to the average fiber diameter and CA of the membranes. Moreover, introducing hydrophilic nanoclay to the membranes improved their wettability. The optimum properties were achieved in the membrane containing 5.63 wt% nanoclay, which was electrospun at a feed rate and voltage of 0.7 mL/h, and 16 kV, respectively. Comparing the mechanical properties and water flux performance of pure PSU membranes with the optimal sample confirmed that the presence of nanoclay improved the mechanical strength and toughness of the membranes and enhanced the attainable water flux.
Charge transfer complexes as dual thermal/photo initiators for free‐radical frontal polymerization
Authors: Gary Daniel P. , Ngo Douglas , Bui Amber , Pojman John A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrontal polymerization is a process in which a localized reaction zone propagates from the coupling of thermal transport and the Arrhenius rate dependence of an exothermic polymerization; monomer is converted into polymer as the front passes through an unstirred medium. Herein we report the first study of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) as photo/thermal initiators for free‐radical frontal polymerization. Front velocity was studied as a function of mole ratio between an aromatic amine, such as dimethyl‐p‐toluidine or dimethylaniline, and an iodonium salt. It was found that the front velocity reached a maximum at a certain mole ratio of amine to iodonium salt. The velocity remained constant upon increasing the ratio of amine to iodonium salt past this critical ratio. Fronts were also studied using N‐phenyl glycine as an electron donor, but its utility was limited by low solubility. Lastly, the steric and electronic effects of the iodonium salt and counter anion were explored. It was found that CTCs using iodonium salts with less nucleophilic anions gave higher front velocities. In terms of intrinsic reactivity, the CTC composed of N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐toluidine and bis[4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl]iodonium tetra(nonafluoro‐tert‐butoxy)aluminate gave the highest front velocity per molal of iodonium salt.
The gut commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 contributes to defending against Nosema bombycis infection in Bombyx mori
Authors: Zhang Xiancui , Feng Huihui , He Jintao , Liang Xili , Zhang Nan , Shao Yongqi , Zhang Fan , Lu Xingmeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrosporidia, a group of obligate intracellular fungal‐related parasites, have been used as efficient biocontrol agents for agriculture and forestry pests due to their host specificity and transovarial transmission. They mainly infect insect pests through the intestinal tract, but the interactions between microsporidia and the gut microbiota of the host have not been well demonstrated.RESULTSBased on the microsporidia–Bombyx mori model, we report that the susceptibility of silkworms to exposure to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis was both dose and time dependent. Comparative analyses of the silkworm gut microbiome revealed substantially increased abundance of Enterococcus belonging to Firmicutes after N. bombycis infection. Furthermore, a bacterial strain (LX10) was obtained from the gut of B. mori and identified as Enterococcus faecalis based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. E. faecalis LX10 reduced the N. bombycis spore germination rate and the infection efficiency in vitro and in vivo, as confirmed by bioassay tests and histopathological analyses. In addition, after simultaneous oral feeding with E. faecalis LX10 and N. bombycis, gene (Akirin, Cecropin A, Mesh, Ssk, DUOX and NOS) expression, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide levels, and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity showed different degrees of recovery and correction compared with those under N. bombycis infection alone. Finally, the enterococcin LX protein was identified from sterile LX10 fermentation liquid based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis.CONCLUSIONAltogether, the results revealed that E. faecalis LX10 with anti‐N. bombycis activity might play an important role in protecting silkworms from microsporidia. Removal of these specific commensal bacteria with antibiotics and utilization of transgenic symbiotic systems may effectively improve the biocontrol value of microsporidia. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Reusable Nano Catalysed Synthesis of Heterocycles: An Overview
Authors: Sonawane Harshad R. , Deore Jaydeep V. , Chavan Pravin N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe field of reusable nano‐catalysts has grown rapidly over the last decade. Recently, transition metal catalysed organic reactions have attracted considerable interest from the pharmaceutical and organic chemistry fields. Synthetic procedures based on such heterogeneous nanocatalysts are easier, less expensive, non‐toxic, and eco‐friendly, producing only the most desirable products in higher yields and allowing for easy catalyst separation. Heterogeneous nano‐catalysts were highly preferred over homogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds due to their effective separation processes for both products and catalysts. According to recent studies, nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of heterocyclic compounds. Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in a variety of organic reactions due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio. Most importantly, after the reaction is complete, easy magnetic separation of the catalyst minimises the requirement for catalyst filtration. Additionally, magnetic NPs, particularly supported magnetic nanocatalysts, have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial research due to their effectiveness as alternatives to traditional materials, their ease of separation via an external magnet, and their high degree of chemical stability in a variety of organic and inorganic solvents. To reach its depth, this review is focused on the most recent examples, their preparation, synthetic strategies and recycling studies of highly excited catalytic systems used for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
Structure and Low‐temperature Performance of Waste Graphite Used in Lithium‐ion Battery Anode
Authors: Dong Wei , Wang Wenbo , Shen Ding , Sun Wen , Zhao Mingyuan , Meng Lingqiang , Yang Shaobin , Zhu Xuanyi , Chi Hailong , Dong Liang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGraphite is a very important mineral resource and strategic resource. With the continuous decrease of graphite resources consumption, the recycling of graphite is getting more and more attention. In this work, lithium‐ion battery anode materials were prepared from discarded high‐purity graphite crucibles by crushing, shaping, purification and coating processes, and structural and electrochemical properties of materials were investigated, as well as the low‐temperature charging and discharging performance.The results show that, the initial discharge capacity of TCH sample is 419.4 mAh/g, and the initial coulombic efficiency is 80.4 %. The initial coulombic efficiency reached 88.1 % and the capacity is 345.9 mAh/g after 100 cycles, when the coating amount was 10 wt%. The initial coulombic efficiency, polarization and low temperature properties of carbon coating materials are obviously improved.First‐principles calculations reveal that the reason for the improvement of electrochemical performanceduetothe coating reduces the Li‐ion diffusion barrier.
Electrolyte Engineering Enables High Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Wang Zhijie , Yang Fuhua , Liu Sailin , Zhang Shilin , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) feature high safety, low cost, environmental‐friendliness, and promising electrochemical performance, and are therefore regarded as a potential technology to be applied in large‐scale energy storage devices. However, ZIBs still face some critical challenges and bottlenecks. The electrolyte is an essential component of batteries and its properties affect the mass transport, energy storage mechanisms, reaction kinetics, and side reactions of ZIBs. The adjustment of electrolyte formulas usually has direct and obvious impacts on the overall output and performance. In this review, advanced electrolyte strategies are overviewed for optimizing the compatibility between cathode materials and electrolytes, inhibiting anode corrosion and dendrite growth, extending electrochemical stability windows, enabling wearable applications, and enhancing temperature tolerance. The underlying scientific mechanisms, electrolyte design principles, and recent progress are presented to provide a better understanding and inspiration to readers. In addition, a comprehensive perspective about electrolyte design and engineering for ZIBs is included.
Exposure to neonicotinoids and serum testosterone in men, women, and children
Authors: Mendy Angelico , Pinney Susan M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeonicotinoids are the most used pesticides in the world and, despite being harmful to honeybees, they are considered safe for mammals. However, they have been associated with decreasing testosterone levels in several experimental animal models. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association of urinary neonicotinoids with serum testosterone in humans. We analyzed data on 2014 male and female participants to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2015 and 2016 aged 6 or older. In linear regression adjusted for age and potential confounders, serum total testosterone was 37.78% lower with 10‐fold increase in urinary total neonicotinoids (95% CI: −58.82, −6.00), 20.81% lower with 10‐fold increase in urinary 5‐hydroxy‐imidacloprid (95% CI: −34.94, −3.62) and 25.01% lower with 10‐fold increase in urinary n‐desmethyl‐acetamiprid (95% CI: −39.80, −6.58) among males. Serum free androgen index (FAI) was also decreased with higher urinary n‐desmethyl‐acetamiprid. In females, serum total testosterone was 32.91% lower with 10‐fold increase in urinary total neonicotinoids (95% CI: −54.93, −0.13), 21.32% lower with 10‐fold increase in urinary 5‐hydroxy‐imidacloprid (95% CI: −29.31, −12.42) and 15.42% lower with urinary detection of 5‐hydroxy‐imidacloprid (95% CI: −22.80, −7.34). FAI was likewise reduced with higher urinary levels of 5‐hydroxy‐imidacloprid and N‐desmethyl‐acetamiprid. In conclusion, this study using a sample representative of the US population is the first to report that exposure to neonicotinoids is associated with decreased serum testosterone levels in humans. However, future prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Where do we stand now regarding treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders? Considerations in using magnetoelectric nanoparticles as an innovative approach
Authors: Pardo Marta , Khizroev Sakhrat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlmost 1000 million people have recently been diagnosed with a mental health or substance disorder (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Psychiatric disorders, and their treatment, represent a big burden to the society worldwide, causing about 8 million deaths per year (Walker et al., 2015). Daily progress in science enables continuous advances in methods to treat patients; however, the brain remains to be the most unknown and complex organ of the body. There is a growing demand for innovative approaches to treat psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, disorders with unknown curability, and treatments mostly designed to slow disease progression. Based on that need and the peculiarity of the central nervous system, in the present review, we highlight the handicaps of the existing approaches as well as discuss the potential of the recently introduced magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) to become a game‐changing tool in future applications for the treatment of brain alterations. Unlike other stimulation approaches, MENPs have the potential to enable a wirelessly controlled stimulation at a single‐neuron level without requiring genetic modification of the neural tissue and no toxicity has yet been reported. Their potential as a new tool for targeting the brain is discussed.This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular DiseaseTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Neurological Disease
Orthoperiodato Rhodium(III) Complex as a Possible Key to Catalytic Oxidation of Organic Dyes
Authors: He Huanyu , Albrecht Ralf , Ruck Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLight yellow, air‐sensitive single‐crystals of the rhodium(III) orthoperiodato K8[Rh(IO6)2]OH ⋅ 3H2O were synthesized starting from Rh2O3 and KIO4. The reaction was carried out in a potassium hydroxide hydroflux with a molar water‐base ratio of 1.8 at 200 °C. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed a triclinic crystal structure (space group
). The most striking feature of the structure is the [Rh(IO6)2]7− anion, a linear sequence of three face‐sharing octahedra. It can be interpreted as a rhodium(III) cation coordinated by two orthoperiodato groups. A water molecule and a hydroxide ion form an associate (H3O2)−. Together with other water molecules, they connect the [Rh(IO6)2]7− anions via hydrogen bridges to form layers. Upon heating, the compound first loses its crystal water, then the iodine is gradually reduced before evaporating during the final decomposition step, which results in K0.63RhO2. In K8[Rh(IO6)2]OH ⋅ 3H2O, the unusually short RhIII−IVII distance of only 276.38(1) pm should allow direct charge transfer in the [Rh(IO6)2]7− anion. An electron‐poor rhodium cation, accessible from the side, could be the active center in the rhodium‐catalyzed oxidation of unsaturated organic molecules by periodate.
CP violation in the rare Higgs decays via exchange of on-shell almost degenerate Majorana neutrinos, $$ H\to {v}_k{N}_j\to {v}_k{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-}U\overline{D} $$ and $$ H\to {v}_k{N}_j\to {v}_k{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}\overline{U}D $$
Authors: Cvetič Gorazd , Kim C. S. , Zamora-Saá Jiberto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate rare decays of Higgs via exchange of two almost degenerate heavy on-shell Majorana neutrinos Nj (j = 1, 2): Γ± = Γ(h → νkNj→ νkℓ±π∓), and into the open quark channels Γ± = Γ(h → νkNj→ νkℓ±UD), where UD are two jets of open quarks ($$ \overline{U}D $$

U
¯

D
, or $$ U\overline{D} $$
U

D
¯

, where U = u, c and D = d, s). The related CP violation asymmetry ACP = (Γ−− Γ+)/(Γ− + Γ+) is studied in detail. We take into account the N1-N2 overlap and oscillation effects. We can see that for certain, presently acceptable, range of input parameters, such decays with open quark channels, and their asymmetries, could be detected in the International Linear Collider (ILC).
Magnetic quivers and line defects — On a duality between 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 unitary and orthosymplectic quivers
Authors: Nawata Satoshi , Sperling Marcus , Wang Hao Ellery , Zhong Zhenghao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Supersymmetric Sp(k) quantum chromodynamics with 8 supercharges in space-time dimensions 3 to 6 can be realised by two different Type II brane configurations in the presence of orientifolds. Consequently, two types of magnetic quivers describe the Higgs branch of the Sp(k) SQCD theory. This is a salient example of a general phenomenon: a given hyper-Kähler Higgs branch may admit several magnetic quiver constructions. It is then natural to wonder if these different magnetic quivers, which are described by 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 theories, are dual theories. In this work, the unitary and orthosymplectic magnetic quiver theories are subjected to a variety of tests, providing evidence that they are IR dual to each other. For this, sphere partition function and supersymmetric indices are compared. Also, we study half BPS line defects and find interesting regularities from the viewpoints of exact results, brane configurations, and 1-form symmetry.
Regularity results for nonlinear Young equations and applications
Authors: Addona Davide , Lorenzi Luca , Tessitore Gianmario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we provide sufficient conditions which ensure that the nonlinear equation $$\mathrm{d}y(t)=Ay(t)\mathrm{d}t+\sigma (y(t))\mathrm{d}x(t)$$

d
y
(
t
)
=
A
y
(
t
)
d
t
+
σ
(
y
(
t
)
)
d
x
(
t
)

, $$t\in (0,T]$$

t
∈
(
0
,
T
]

, with $$y(0)=\psi $$

y
(
0
)
=
ψ

and A being an unbounded operator, admits a unique mild solution such that $$y(t)\in D(A)$$

y
(
t
)
∈
D
(
A
)

for any $$t\in (0,T]$$

t
∈
(
0
,
T
]

, and we compute the blow-up rate of the norm of y(t) as $$t\rightarrow 0^+$$

t
→

0
+

. We stress that the regularity of y is independent of the smoothness of the initial datum $$\psi $$
ψ
, which in general does not belong to D(A). As a consequence we get an integral representation of the mild solution y which allows us to prove a chain rule formula for smooth functions of y.
Surgical stabilization versus nonoperative treatment for flail and non-flail rib fracture patterns in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Prins Jonne T. H. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Ali-Osman Francis , Bauman Zachary M. , Caragounis Eva-Corina , Choi Jeff , Christie D. Benjamin , Cole Peter A. , DeVoe William B. , Doben Andrew R. , Eriksson Evert A. , Forrester Joseph D. , Fraser Douglas R. , Gontarz Brendan , Hardman Claire , Hyatt Daniel G. , Kaye Adam J. , Ko Huan-Jang , Leasia Kiara N. , Leon Stuart , Marasco Silvana F. , McNickle Allison G. , Nowack Timothy , Ogunleye Temi D. , Priya Prakash , Richman Aaron P. , Schlanser Victoria , Semon Gregory R. , Su Ying-Hao , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Whitis Julie , Pieracci Fredric M. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Literature on outcomes after SSRF, stratified for rib fracture pattern is scarce in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12). We hypothesized that SSRF is associated with improved outcomes as compared to nonoperative management without hampering neurological recovery in these patients.

Methods
A post hoc subgroup analysis of the multicenter, retrospective CWIS-TBI study was performed in patients with TBI and stratified by having sustained a non-flail fracture pattern or flail chest between January 1, 2012 and July 31, 2019. The primary outcome was mechanical ventilation-free days and secondary outcomes were in-hospital outcomes. In multivariable analysis, outcomes were assessed, stratified for rib fracture pattern.

Results
In total, 449 patients were analyzed. In patients with a non-flail fracture pattern, 25 of 228 (11.0%) underwent SSRF and in patients with a flail chest, 86 of 221 (38.9%). In multivariable analysis, ventilator-free days were similar in both treatment groups. For patients with a non-flail fracture pattern, the odds of pneumonia were significantly lower after SSRF (odds ratio 0.29; 95% CI 0.11–0.77; p = 0.013). In patients with a flail chest, the ICU LOS was significantly shorter in the SSRF group (beta, − 2.96 days; 95% CI − 5.70 to − 0.23; p = 0.034).

Conclusion
In patients with TBI and a non-flail fracture pattern, SSRF was associated with a reduced pneumonia risk. In patients with TBI and a flail chest, a shorter ICU LOS was observed in the SSRF group. In both groups, SSRF was safe and did not hamper neurological recovery.
A combined experimental and numerical approach that eliminates the non-uniqueness associated with the Johnson-Cook parameters obtained using inverse methods
Authors: Ojal Nishant , Cherukuri Harish P. , Schmitz Tony L. , Devlugt Kyle T. , Jaycox Adam W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJohnson-Cook constitutive model is a commonly used material model for machining simulations. The model includes five parameters that capture the initial yield stress, strain-hardening, strain-rate hardening, and thermal softening behavior of the material. These parameters are difficult to determine using experiments since the conditions observed during machining (such as high strain-rates of the order of$$10^5$$105/sec -$$10^6$$106/sec) are challenging to recreate in the laboratory. To address this problem, several researchers have recently proposed inverse approaches where a combination of experiments and analytical models are used to predict the Johnson-Cook parameters. The errors between the measured cutting forces, chip thicknesses and temperatures and those predicted by analytical models are minimized and the parameters are determined. In this work, it is shown that only two of the five Johnson-Cook parameters can be determined uniquely using inverse approaches. Two different algorithms, namely, Adaptive Memory Programming for Global Optimization (AMPGO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), are used for this purpose. The extended Oxley’s model is used as the analytical tool for optimization. For determining a parameter’s value, a large range for each parameter is provided as an input to the algorithms. The algorithms converge to several different sets of values for the five Johnson-Cook parameters when all the five parameters are considered as unknown in the optimization algorithm. All of these sets, however, yield the same chip shape and cutting forces in FEM simulations. Further analyses show that only the strain-rate and thermal softening parameters can be determined uniquely and the three parameters present in the strain-hardening term of the Johnson-Cook model cannot be determined uniquely using the inverse method. A combined experimental and numerical approach is proposed to eliminate this determine all parameters uniquely.