bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions
Authors: Ventrella Domenico , Maya-Vetencourt José Fernando , Elmi Alberto , Barone Francesca , Aniballi Camilla , Muscatello Luisa Vera , Mete Maurizio , Pertile Grazia , Benfenati Fabio , Bacci Maria Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPigs are becoming an important pre-clinical animal species for translational ophthalmology, due to similarities with humans in anatomical and physiological patterns. Different models of eye disorders have been proposed, and they are good candidates to assess biocompatibility/functionality of retinal prostheses. Electroretinography is a common tool allowing to gain information on retinal function, with several types of electroretinogram (ERG) been implemented including full field (ff-ERG), multifocal (mf-ERG) and pattern (p-ERG). p-ERG represents a valuable tool to monitor Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) activity and can be used to calculate p-ERG spatial acuity. Unfortunately, scarce methodological data are available regarding recording/interpretation of p-ERG and retinal acuity in biomedical pigs yet enhancing knowledge regarding pig vision physiology will allow for more refined and responsible use of such species. Aim of this study was to record p-ERG in juvenile pigs to functionally assess visual acuity. Six female hybrid pigs underwent two p-ERG recording sessions at 16 and 19 weeks of age. Photopic ff-ERG were also recorded; optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology were used to confirm retinal integrity. ff-ERG signals were repeatable within/across sessions. All p-ERG traces consistently displayed characterizing peaks, and the progressive decrease of amplitude in response to the increment of spatial frequency revealed the reliability of the method. Mean p-ERG spatial acuities were 5.7 ± 0.14 (16 weeks) and 6.2 ± 0.15 cpd (19 weeks). Overall, the p-ERG recordings described in the present work seem reliable and repeatable, and may represent an important tool when it comes to vision assessment in pigs.
Selection in a growing colony biases results of mutation accumulation experiments
Authors: Mahilkar Anjali , Raj Namratha , Kemkar Sharvari , Saini Supreet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMutations provide the raw material for natural selection to act. Therefore, understanding the variety and relative frequency of different type of mutations is critical to understanding the nature of genetic diversity in a population. Mutation accumulation (MA) experiments have been used in this context to estimate parameters defining mutation rates, distribution of fitness effects (DFE), and spectrum of mutations. MA experiments can be performed with different effective population sizes. In MA experiments with bacteria, a single founder is grown to a size of a colony (~ 108). It is assumed that natural selection plays a minimal role in dictating the dynamics of colony growth. In this work, we simulate colony growth via a mathematical model, and use our model to mimic an MA experiment. We demonstrate that selection ensures that, in an MA experiment, fraction of all mutations that are beneficial is over-represented by a factor of almost two, and that the distribution of fitness effects of beneficial and deleterious mutations are inaccurately captured in an MA experiment. Given this, the estimate of mutation rates from MA experiments is non-trivial. We then perform an MA experiment with 160 lines of E. coli, and show that due to the effect of selection in a growing colony, the size and sector of a colony from which the experiment is propagated impacts the results. Overall, we demonstrate that the results of MA experiments need to be revisited taking into account the action of selection in a growing colony.
Selection pressure on the rhizosphere microbiome can alter nitrogen use efficiency and seed yield in Brassica rapa
Authors: Garcia Joshua , Gannett Maria , Wei LiPing , Cheng Liang , Hu Shengyuan , Sparks Jed , Giovannoni James , Kao-Kniffin Jenny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrobial experimental systems provide a platform to observe how networks of groups emerge to impact plant development. We applied selection pressure for microbiome enhancement ofBrassica rapabiomass to examine adaptive bacterial group dynamics under soil nitrogen limitation. In the 9th and final generation of the experiment, selection pressure enhancedB. rapaseed yield and nitrogen use efficiency compared to our control treatment, with no effect between the random selection and control treatments. Aboveground biomass increased for both the high biomass selection and random selection plants. Soil bacterial diversity declined under highB. rapabiomass selection, suggesting a possible ecological filtering mechanism to remove bacterial taxa. Distinct sub-groups of interactions emerged among bacterial phyla such asProteobacteriaandBacteroidetesin response to selection. Extended Local Similarity Analysis and NetShift indicated greater connectivity of the bacterial community, with more edges, shorter path lengths, and altered modularity through the course of selection for enhanced plant biomass. In contrast, bacterial communities under random selection and no selection showed less complex interaction profiles of bacterial taxa. These results suggest that group-level bacterial interactions could be modified to collectively shift microbiome functions impacting the growth of the host plant under soil nitrogen limitation.
Oral microbial extracellular DNA initiates periodontitis through gingival degradation by fibroblast-derived cathepsin K in mice
Authors: Kondo Takeru , Okawa Hiroko , Hokugo Akishige , Shokeen Bhumika , Sundberg Oskar , Zheng Yiying , McKenna Charles E. , Lux Renate , Nishimura Ichiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeriodontitis is a highly prevalent disease leading to uncontrolled osteoclastic jawbone resorption and ultimately edentulism; however, the disease onset mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here we propose a mechanism for initial pathology based on results obtained using a recently developed Osteoadsorptive Fluogenic Sentinel (OFS) probe that emits a fluorescent signal triggered by cathepsin K (Ctsk) activity. In a ligature-induced mouse model of periodontitis, a strong OFS signal is observed before the establishment of chronic inflammation and bone resorption. Single cell RNA sequencing shows gingival fibroblasts to be the primary cellular source of early Ctsk. The in vivo OFS signal is activated when Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand or oral biofilm extracellular DNA (eDNA) is topically applied to the mouse palatal gingiva. This previously unrecognized interaction between oral microbial eDNA and Ctsk of gingival fibroblasts provides a pathological mechanism for disease initiation and a strategic basis for early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
Human placental lipid content and lipid metabolic enzyme abundance in obesity and across gestation
Authors: Bidne Katie L. , Uhlson Charis , Palmer Claire , Zemski-Berry Karin , Powell Theresa L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Changes in placental lipid metabolism influence the delivery of lipids critical for fetal development and fetal requirements for lipids change across gestation. We hypothesized that placental lipid content and metabolic enzyme protein levels increase across gestation and are elevated in obesity. Placentas (4–40 weeks’ gestation) were collected from control (body mass index, BMI = 18.5–24.9, n=37) and obese (BMI &gt; 30, n=19) pregnant women. Trophoblast villous tissue was homogenized and subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for phospholipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis and western blot for protein quantification. The placental content of TAG species and nine of 35 identified phosphatidylcholines (PC) were significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in first trimester (28–79%, 10-47%, respectively). Furthermore, two TAG and three PC differed by maternal BMI and were significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) in the obese group in first trimester (72–87%, 88–119%, respectively). Placental protein abundance of glycerol-2-phosphate (GPAT3) and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), involved in de novo synthesis of PC and TAG, were higher (P&lt;0.05) in the first trimester (66 and 74%, respectively). The protein abundance of the PC-remodeling enzyme PLA2G4c was also higher (63%) in first trimester (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the placental content of many phospholipid and TAG species and the protein level of associated synthesis enzymes are higher in first-trimester human placenta. The high PC content may be related to the rapid membrane expansion in early pregnancy and the low placental oxygen tension may promote the accumulation of tissue TAGs in first trimester. Maternal obesity had only limited impact on placental lipid content and metabolic enzyme protein abundance.
Analysis of interactive manufacturing systems: Towards a performance‐based assessment methodology
Authors: Mulet alberola Jose Antonio , Fassi Irene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent manufacturing systems are forced to meet the most dynamic market demands under sustainable factors. However, not only technical transformations will address the challenge but, to fully cover social needs, the analysis of the human role in highly interactive systems is still decisive, following a socially sustainable approach. To fully extract the most from both agents under a performance point of view, the main added value of agents in the work environment needs to be carefully analysed, captured, and boosted. The context shapes a specific operation or task, which consequently drives the final outcome according to individual necessities. Furthermore, a methodology that potentially helps a proper assessment of these performance‐based interactions is still missing. The contribution focusses on the definition of a novel human‐centric methodology under a holistic point of view to analyse performance‐based interactions and to define appropriate indices and metrics that helps assessing the human‐system interactions in the manufacturing domain. The methodology is applied in a case study to guide practitioners with its use.
A novel time‐domain numerical methodology for the electromagnetic analysis of an H‐plane tee power divider
Authors: Arab Homa , Arabsalmanabadi Bita , Dufour Steven 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA time‐domain numerical methodology for the transient analysis of multisection waveguide power dividers is proposed. Waveguide power dividers are essential components of microwave systems for high‐power applications. A numerical strategy based on the 3D discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain finite element method is used to estimate the electromagnetic propagation inside a power divider with three ports. The proposed approach leads to simulations that are fast, robust, and accurate, this being the result of a parallel local discretisation of the full‐wave time‐domain Maxwell's equations on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. The stability of the overall numerical scheme is obtained using an upwind numerical flux, an implicit second‐order accurate time integration scheme, and Whitney's edge elements. Good agreements are obtained when the computed results are compared with other HFSS simulation results, and with measurement results found in the literature.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms used to classify the asteroids observed by all-sky surveys
Authors: Klimczak H. , Oszkiewicz D. , Carry B. , Penttilä A. , Kotlowski W. , Kryszczyńska A. , Wilawer E. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Multifilter photometry from large sky surveys is commonly used to assign asteroid taxonomic types and study various problems in planetary science. To maximize the science output of those surveys, it is important to use methods that best link the spectro-photometric measurements to asteroid taxonomy.
Aims. We aim to determine which machine learning methods are the most suitable for the taxonomic classification for various sky surveys.
Methods. We utilized five machine learning supervised classifiers: logistic regression, naive Bayes, support vector machines (SVMs), gradient boosting, and MultiLayer Perceptrons (MLPs). Those methods were found to reproduce the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy at various rates depending on the set of filters used by each survey. We report several evaluation metrics for a comprehensive comparison (prediction accuracy, balanced accuracy, F1 score, and the Matthews correlation coefficient) for 11 surveys and space missions.
Results. Among the methods analyzed, multilayer perception and gradient boosting achieved the highest accuracy and naive Bayes achieved the lowest accuracy in taxonomic prediction across all surveys. We found that selecting the right machine learning algorithm can improve the success rate by a factor of >2. The best balanced accuracy (~85% for a taxonomic type prediction) was found for the Visible and Infrared Survey telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) and the ESA Euclid mission surveys where broadband filters best map the 1 µm and 2 µm olivine and pyroxene absorption bands.
Conclusions. To achieve the highest accuracy in the taxonomic type prediction based on multifilter photometric measurements, we recommend the use of gradient boosting and MLP optimized for each survey. This can improve the overall success rate even when compared with naive Bayes. A merger of different datasets can further boost the prediction accuracy. For the combination of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time and VISTA survey, we achieved 90% for the taxonomic type prediction.
Bird’s eye view of molecular clouds in the Milky Way
Authors: Spilker Andri , Kainulainen Jouni , Orkisz Jan 
Published: September 2022

Context. The kinematics of molecular gas are crucial for setting the stage for star formation. One key question related to the kinematic properties of gas is how they depend on the spatial scale.
Aims. We aim to describe the CO spectra, velocity dispersions, and especially the linewidth-size relation of molecular gas from cloud (parsec) scales to kiloparsec scales in a complete region within the Milky Way disk.
Methods. We used the census of molecular clouds within 2 kpc from our earlier work, together with CO emission data for them from the literature. We studied the kinematics and the Larson relations for the sample of individual clouds. We also mimicked a face-on view of the Milky Way and analysed the kinematics of the clouds within apertures of 0.25–2 kpc in size. In this way, we describe the scale-dependence of the CO gas kinematics and Larson’s relations.
Results. We describe the spectra of CO gas at cloud scales and in apertures between 0.25 and 2 kpc in our survey area. The spectra within the apertures are relatively symmetric, but show non-Gaussian high-velocity wings. At cloud scales, our sample shows a linewidth-size relation σv = 1.5 · R0.3±0.1 with a large scatter. The mass-size relation in the sample of clouds is MCO = 794 · R1.5±0.5. The relations are also present for the apertures at kiloparsec-scales. The best-fit linewidth-size relation for the apertures is σv = 0.5 · R0.35±0.01, and the best-fit mass-size relation is MCO = 229 · R1.4±0.1. A suggestive dependence on Galactic environment is seen. Apertures closer to the Galactic centre and the Sagittarius spiral arm have slightly higher velocity dispersions. We explore the possible effect of a diffuse component in the survey area and find that such a component would widen the CO spectra and could flatten the linewidth-size relation. Understanding the nature of the possible diffuse CO component and its effects on observations is crucial for connecting Galactic and extragalactic data.
Learning curves in ERCP during advanced endoscopy training: a Canadian multicenter prospective study
Authors: Khan Usman , Khan Rishad , Benchimol Eric , Salim Misbah , Telford Jennifer , Enns Robert , Mohamed Rachid , Forbes Nauzer , Sandha Gurpal , Kohansal Ali , Mosko Jeffrey , Chatterjee Avijit , May Gary , Waschke Kevin , Barkun Alan , James Paul D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Growing emphasis on quality and patient safety has supported the shift toward competency-based medical education for advanced endoscopy trainees (AETs). In this study, we aimed to examine Canadian AETs learning curves and achievement of competence using an ERCP assessment tool with strong evidence of validity.
Methods This prospective study was conducted at five institutions across Canada from 2017–2018. Data on every fifth procedure performed by trainees were collected using the United Kingdom Joint Advisory Joint Advisory Group of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG) ERCP Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) tool, which includes a four-point rating scale for 27 items. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was used to create learning curves for overall supervision ratings and ERCP DOPS items by plotting scores for procedures performed during training.
Results Eleven trainees who were evaluated for 261 procedures comprised our sample. The median number of evaluations by site was 49 (Interquartile range (IQR) 31–76) and by trainee was 15 (IQR 11–45). The overall cannulation rate by trainees was 82 % (241/261), and the native papilla cannulation rate was 78 % (149/191). All trainees achieved competence in the “overall supervision” domain of the ERCP DOPS by the end of their fellowship. Trainees achieved competency in all individual domains, except for tissue sampling and sphincteroplasty.
Conclusions Canadian AETs are graduating from fellowship programs with acceptable levels of competence for overall ERCP performance and for the most specific tasks. Learning curves may help identify areas of deficiency that may require supplementary training, such as tissue sampling.
Catalytic Generation of Radicals from Nitroalkanes
Authors: Kosaka Kohei , Matsushita Naoki , Nakao Yoshiaki , Kashihara Myuto , Notsu Shunta , Osawa Ayumi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new protocol for the catalytic denitrative generation of radicals from nitroalkanes was disclosed. 9-Fluorenol acts as a single-electron transfer catalyst that reduces nitroalkanes to promote the C-NO2 bond cleavage, followed by the formation of alkyl radicals. The obtained radicals participate in diverse transformations such as hydrogenation, Giese addition, spirocyclization, and Minisci reactions by using appropriate trapping reagents. The present system outperforms conventional methods using tin hydrides in terms of cost, toxicity, and experimental operations.
Imaging of Bone Marrow: From Science to Practice
Authors: Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Ayuso Benavent Carmen , Simoni Paolo , Musa Aguiar Paula , Bazzocchi Alberto , Aparisi Francisco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study of the bone marrow may pose important challenges, due to its changing features over the life span, metabolic stress, and in cases of disease or treatment. Bone marrow adipocytes serve as storage tissue, but they also have endocrine and paracrine functions, contributing to local and systemic metabolism.Among different techniques, magnetic resonance (MR) has the benefit of imaging bone marrow directly. The use of advanced MR techniques for bone marrow study has rapidly found clinical applications. Beyond the clinical uses, it has opened up pathways to assess and quantify bone marrow components, establishing the groundwork for further study of its implications in physiologic and pathologic conditions.We summarize the features of the bone marrow as an organ, address the different modalities available for its study, with a special focus on MR advanced techniques and their addition to analysis in recent years, and review some of the challenges in interpreting the appearance of bone marrow.
Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease: Imaging and Biomechanics
Authors: Lacroix Maxime , Nguyen Christelle , Burns Robert , Laporte Amandine , Rannou François , Feydy Antoine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common diagnoses encountered when considering years lived with disability. The degenerative changes of the lumbar spine include a wide spectrum of morphological modifications visible on imaging, some of them often asymptomatic or not consistent with symptoms. Phenotyping by considering both clinical and imaging biomarkers can improve the management of CLBP. Depending on the clinical presentation, imaging helps determine the most likely anatomical nociceptive source, thereby enhancing the therapeutic approach by targeting a specific lesion. Three pathologic conditions with an approach based on our experience can be described: (1) pure painful syndromes related to single nociceptive sources (e.g., disk pain, active disk pain, and facet joint osteoarthritis pain), (2) multifactorial painful syndromes, representing a combination of several nociceptive sources (such as lumbar spinal stenosis pain, foraminal stenosis pain, and instability pain), and (3) nonspecific CLBP, often explained by postural (muscular) syndromes.
Update on Interventional Radiology of the Spine
Authors: Filippiadis Dimitrios K. , Masala Salvatore , Lucatelli Pierleone , Kelekis Alexis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterventional radiologists now perform spinal interventions routinely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. New technologies for the management of spine pathologies have emerged with promising results in terms of safety and efficacy. Interventional radiology techniques in the spine include percutaneous biopsy and therapies for intervertebral disk herniation or spinal stenosis, facet and sacroiliac joint pathologies, vertebral and sacral fractures, and metastases. These techniques can also be easily combined one with the other or to further therapeutic approaches including systemic therapies, surgical approaches, and radiotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current percutaneous imaging-guided interventional radiology techniques in the spine. It will help readers become familiar with the most common indications, learn about different technical considerations during performance, and review the available evidence. Controversies concerning new products and technical approaches are also addressed.
Imaging of Spine Infections
Authors: Chianca Vito , Chalian Majid , Harder Dorothee , Del Grande Filippo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe incidence of spondylodiskitis has increased over the last 20 years worldwide, especially in the immunodepressed population, and it remains a complex pathology, both in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Because clinical symptoms are often nonspecific and blood culture negative, imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic process. Magnetic resonance imaging, in particular, is the gold standard technique because it can show essential findings such as vertebral bone marrow, disk signal alteration, a paravertebral or epidural abscess, and, in the advanced stage of disease, fusion or collapse of the vertebral elements. However, many noninfectious spine diseases can simulate spinal infection. In this article, we present imaging features of specific infectious spine diseases that help radiologists make the distinction between infectious and noninfectious processes.
The impact of regulation-based constraints on portfolio selection: The Spanish case
Authors: Grizickas Sapkute E. , Sánchez-Granero M. A. , López García M. N. , Trinidad Segovia J. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiscussion about the effect of constraints in portfolio selection is a popular topic in finance. In this paper, we test the portfolio performance under the existence of regulatory constraints. This paper tries to provide evidence of whether the existence of regulatory constraints translates into a better long-term performance of investment funds, one of the most important investment vehicles for citizens. We show the returns and their relationship with the portfolio’s risk, compared to the same set without the usage of these constraints. The results state that, when using regulation as the constraining factor, we obtain more efficient portfolios.