bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
148 Racial Disparities in Sexual Health Care Received by Kidney Transplant Recipients in a Metropolitan Area
Authors: Santamaria A , Yoffe DA , Modiri N , Shahinyan R , Jayadevan R , Islam M , Eleswarapu S , Mills J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Issues regarding disparities in urologic health care delivery and access among different racial and ethnic groups in the United States is well described in oncologic care. Such issues also exist in male sexual health care and kidney transplantation, but are less studied when these areas overlap. As a result of improved outcomes with kidney transplants (KT), quality of life (QOL) metrics become increasingly important to address. Sexual function is one such QOL domain in which KT recipients are particularly affected.

Objective
This study aims to elucidate the racial composition of male KT recipients with and without a sexual health issue, how that compares to the racial breakdown of the metropolitan area, and whether a particular racial group is more likely to be diagnosed with sexual dysfunction before versus after their transplant surgery.

Methods
After obtaining IRB approval we retrospectively reviewed the charts of men age 18 and older who received a KT at a single institution in a metropolitan city between January 2016 and February 2020. We sought to identify those with a diagnosis of ED, low or decreased libido, hypogonadism, ejaculatory dysfunction, Peyronie's disease (PD), or male factor subfertility. Demographic information, time of initial diagnosis of ED, and treatment profile were documented. The causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD) were obtained, but not controlled for.

Results
A total of 833 men received KT's during this time, 43% of which identified as Hispanic or Latino, 26% white (non-Hispanic or Latino), 13% Asian, and 12% Black. Of the men with a sexual dysfunction diagnosis, 26% identified as Hispanic or Latino, 31% white (non-Hispanic or Latino), 14% Asian, and 23% Black (Figure 1). No men were found to have a diagnosis of ejaculatory dysfunction, PD, or male factor subfertility. Latino men were more likely to have a diagnosis of sexual dysfunction after receiving a KT when compared to their non-Latino counterparts (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: [0.41 to 20.90]). Finally, there was no statistically significant difference in treatment patterns for ED between racial groups.

Conclusions
In this study we show that the overall racial composition of men age 18 and over who received a KT is representative of the demographics in its corresponding metropolitan city. However, we do note that Latino men are underdiagnosed for sexual dysfunction issues when compared to their non-Latino counterparts. Latino men are also more likely to have a diagnosis of sexual dysfunction after their transplant, likely implying they suffer from these conditions longer than men of other races. These findings highlight the need for continued research to reduce and eliminate health care disparities in the sexual health arena, specifically for patients with ESRD.

Disclosure
No
150 When to Suspect Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Erosion: An Analysis of Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Authors: Diao L , Nealon S , Wolfe A , Dropkin B , Joice G , Sanders S , Hudak S , Morey A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Presenting signs and symptoms of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) cuff erosion are not well established in the urological literature.

Objective
We sought to characterize the most common presentation and clinical risk factors for erosion to distinguish the relative frequency of symptoms that should trigger further evaluation in these unfortunate patients.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed our large tertiary center database to identify men who presented with cuff erosion between 2007 and 2020. A similar cohort of men who underwent AUS placement without erosion were randomly selected from the same database for comparison. Risk factors for cuff erosion – pelvic radiation, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥ 8) – were recorded for each patient. Presenting signs and symptoms of erosion were grouped into three categories: obstructive symptoms, worsening incontinence, and localized scrotal inflammation (“pump-itis”).

Results
Of 893 men who underwent AUS placement during the study interval, 61 (6.8%) suffered cuff erosion. The vast majority of erosion patients (66%) presented with scrotal inflammatory changes including tenderness, erythema, and swelling (Figure). Fewer men reported obstructive symptoms (26/61, 43%) and worsening incontinence (21/61, 34%). Men with worsening incontinence presented significantly later than those with pump-itis or obstructive symptoms (37 ± 48 vs. 14 ± 18 vs. 15 ± 16 months after AUS insertion, p&lt;0.01). Relative to the non-erosion control group (n=95), men who suffered erosion had a higher prevalence of pelvic radiation (71 vs. 53%, p=0.03). Rates of ADT (41 vs. 40 %, p = 0.96) and high-grade prostate cancer (39 vs. 38 %, p = 0.91) were similar. There was no difference in age at AUS placement (73 ± 7 vs 68 ± 7 years, p=0.70).

Conclusions
AUS cuff erosion most commonly presents as scrotal inflammatory symptoms. Obstructive voiding symptoms and worsening incontinence are also common. Any of these symptoms should prompt further investigation of cuff erosion.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Boston Scientific and Coloplast
The Pleasure Problem and the Spriggean Solution
Authors: PALLIES DANIEL 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome experiences—like the experience of eating cheesecake—are good experiences to have. But when we try to explain why they are good, we encounter a clash of intuitions. First, we have an objectivist intuition: plausibly, the experiences are good because they feel the way that they do. Second, we have a subjectivist intuition: if a person were indifferent to that kind of experience, then it might fail to be good for that person. Third, we have a possibility intuition: for any kind of experience, possibly there is a subject who is indifferent to that kind of experience. The pleasure problem is the problem we face in reconciling these three claims. I explain the problem and argue for a solution. I argue that we ought to reject the most common solutions: rejecting the objectivist or subjectivist intuitions. Instead, we ought to follow Timothy Sprigge in rejecting the possibility claim. We should embrace the view that experiences bear necessary connections to our attitudes.
Risk factors and outcomes associated with external ventricular drain infections
Authors: Walek Konrad W. , Leary Owen P. , Sastry Rahul , Asaad Wael F. , Walsh Joan M. , Horoho Jean , Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is a common neurosurgical procedure which may lead to serious complications including infection. Some risk factors associated with EVD infection are well established. Others remain less certain, including specific indications for placement, prior neurosurgery, and prior EVD placement.Objective:To identify risk factors for EVD infections.Methods:We reviewed all EVD insertions at our institution from March 2015 through May 2019 following implementation of a standardized infection control protocol for EVD insertion and maintenance. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for EVD infections.Results:479 EVDs placed in 409 patients met inclusion criteria, and 9 culture-positive infections were observed during the study period. The risk of infection within 30 days of EVD placement was 2.2% (2.3 infections/1,000 EVD days). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified in 6 of the 9 EVD infections). EVD infection led to prolonged length of stay post–EVD-placement (23 days vs 16 days; P = .045). Cox regression demonstrated increased infection risk in patients with prior brain surgery associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion (HR, 8.08; 95% CI, 1.7–39.4; P = .010), CSF leak around the catheter (HR, 21.0; 95% CI, 7.0–145.1; P = .0007), and insertion site dehiscence (HR, 7.53; 95% CI, 1.04–37.1; P = .0407). Duration of EVD use >7 days was not associated with infection risk (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.07–5.45; P = .669).Conclusion:Risk factors associated with EVD infection include prior brain surgery, CSF leak, and insertion site dehiscence. We found no significant association between infection risk and duration of EVD placement.
Campus Fiction and Critical University Studies from Below: Disgrace, Welcome to Our Hillbrow, and the Postcolonial University at the Millennium
Authors: Gulick Anne W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo of South African literature’s best-known titles from the turn of the twenty-first century are works of campus fiction that rarely get recognized as such. In this article I read J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999) and Phaswane Mpe’s Welcome to Our Hillbrow (2001) as novels whose figuration of the university is far more central to their treatment of the contradictions and ambiguities that characterize postapartheid South Africa than is generally acknowledged. In the course of narratives that seem largely focused on other things, these texts offer up a distinctly South African but also distinctly postcolonial variety of campus fiction, and a critical engagement with the neoliberal university and the conditions under which upward mobility and intellectual inquiry take shape in the twenty-first-century global south. Coetzee and Mpe suggest capacious and transformative, if also deeply ambivalent, ways of imagining an as-yet unrealized decolonial future for universities.
Relationship between subjective report and objective assessment of neurocognitive functioning in persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Garrett A. , Riegler Kaitlin E. , Bradson Megan L. , O’Shea Dede U. , Arnett Peter A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction. Considering the impact and potential ramifications of cognitive dysfunction, it is important that cognition is routinely assessed in PwMS. Thus, it is also important to identify a screener that is accurate and sensitive to MS-related cognitive difficulties, which can inform decisions for more resource-intensive neuropsychological testing. However, research focused on available self-report screeners has been mixed, such as with the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ). This study aims to clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment of cognitive functioning in MS by examining domain-specific performance and intraindividual variability (IIV).Methods:87 PwMS (F = 65, M = 22) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery which included self- and informant-report measures of neurocognitive functioning. Scores were examined in relation to mean performance on five domains of cognitive functioning and two measures of IIV.Results:The MSNQ-Self was inversely associated with executive function, verbal memory, and visual memory; it was not associated with IIV. The MSNQ-Informant was inversely associated with executive function and verbal memory, and positively associated with one measure of IIV. The MSNQ-Self showed a correlation of moderate effect size with depression (r = .39) while the MSNQ-Informant did not.Conclusions:Results suggest that the MSNQ-Self and MSNQ-Informant show similar utility. Our findings also suggest that domains of executive function and memory may be most salient, thus more reflected in subjective reports of cognitive functioning. Future work should further examine the impact of mood disturbance with cognitive performance and IIV.
Identifying the wide diversity of extraterrestrial purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in carbonaceous meteorites
Authors: Oba Yasuhiro , Takano Yoshinori , Furukawa Yoshihiro , Koga Toshiki , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. , Naraoka Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe lack of pyrimidine diversity in meteorites remains a mystery since prebiotic chemical models and laboratory experiments have predicted that these compounds can also be produced from chemical precursors found in meteorites. Here we report the detection of nucleobases in three carbonaceous meteorites using state-of-the-art analytical techniques optimized for small-scale quantification of nucleobases down to the range of parts per trillion (ppt). In addition to previously detected purine nucleobases in meteorites such as guanine and adenine, we identify various pyrimidine nucleobases such as cytosine, uracil, and thymine, and their structural isomers such as isocytosine, imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, and 6-methyluracil, respectively. Given the similarity in the molecular distribution of pyrimidines in meteorites and those in photon-processed interstellar ice analogues, some of these derivatives could have been generated by photochemical reactions prevailing in the interstellar medium and later incorporated into asteroids during solar system formation. This study demonstrates that a diversity of meteoritic nucleobases could serve as building blocks of DNA and RNA on the early Earth.
Investigating the upper bound of high-frequency electromagnetic waves on unshielded twisted copper pairs
Authors: Dinc Ergin , Bukhari Syed Sheheryar , Rawi Anas Al , de Lera Acedo Eloy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the behaviour of the ubiquitous twisted pairs at high frequencies and wideband excitation of twisted pairs up to 12 GHz. Higher carrier frequencies on twisted pairs can enable the data rates required by the future communication networks; hence, the existing copper infrastructure can be utilised on the last mile complementing the fibre networks. In this paper, we show a fundamental limit on the operating frequency of twisted pairs beyond which twisted pairs start to radiate and behave like an antenna. To validate our theoretical derivations through measurements, we designed a microstrip balun to excite the differential mode on the twisted pairs. At the end, we demonstrate that the standard twisted pairs used in the UK can be used up to 5 GHz carrier frequency without any radiation effect and this upper-bound can be moved to higher frequencies by decreasing the twist lengths.
Automated exploitation of the big configuration space of large adsorbates on transition metals reveals chemistry feasibility
Authors: Gu Geun Ho , Lee Miriam , Jung Yousung , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanistic understanding of large molecule conversion and the discovery of suitable heterogeneous catalysts have been lagging due to the combinatorial inventory of intermediates and the inability of humans to enumerate all structures. Here, we introduce an automated framework to predict stable configurations on transition metal surfaces and demonstrate its validity for adsorbates with up to 6 carbon and oxygen atoms on 11 metals, enabling the exploration of ~108 potential configurations. It combines a graph enumeration platform, force field, multi-fidelity DFT calculations, and first-principles trained machine learning. Clusters in the data reveal groups of catalysts stabilizing different structures and expose selective catalysts for showcase transformations, such as the ethylene epoxidation on Ag and Cu and the lack of C-C scission chemistry on Au. Deviations from the commonly assumed atom valency rule of small adsorbates are also manifested. This library can be leveraged to identify catalysts for converting large molecules computationally.
Knockdown of GABAA alpha3 subunits on thalamic reticular neurons enhances deep sleep in mice
Authors: Uygun David S. , Yang Chun , Tilli Elena R. , Katsuki Fumi , Hodges Erik L. , McKenna James T. , McNally James M. , Brown Ritchie E. , Basheer Radhika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdentification of mechanisms which increase deep sleep could lead to novel treatments which promote the restorative effects of sleep. Here, we show that knockdown of the α3 GABAA-receptor subunit from parvalbumin neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing increased the thalamocortical delta (1.5–4 Hz) oscillations which are implicated in many health-promoting effects of sleep. Inhibitory synaptic currents in thalamic reticular parvalbumin neurons were strongly reduced in vitro. Further analysis revealed that delta power in long NREM bouts prior to NREM-REM transitions was preferentially affected by deletion of α3 subunits. Our results identify a role for GABAA receptors on thalamic reticular nucleus neurons and suggest antagonism of α3 subunits as a strategy to enhance delta activity during sleep.
Two DNA vaccines protect against severe disease and pathology due to SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Babuadze George Giorgi , Fausther-Bovendo Hugues , deLaVega Marc-Antoine , Lillie Brandon , Naghibosadat Maedeh , Shahhosseini Nariman , Joyce Michael A. , Saffran Holly A. , Lorne Tyrrell D. , Falzarano Darryl , Senthilkumaran Chandrika , Christie-Holmes Natasha , Ahn Steven , Gray-Owen Scott D. , Banerjee Arinjay , Mubareka Samira , Mossman Karen , Dupont Chanel , Pedersen Jannie , Lafrance Mark-Alexandre , Kobinger Gary P. , Kozak Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an ongoing threat to global health, and wide-scale vaccination is an efficient method to reduce morbidity and mortality. We designed and evaluated two DNA plasmid vaccines, based on the pIDV-II system, expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike gene, with or without an immunogenic peptide, in mice, and in a Syrian hamster model of infection. Both vaccines demonstrated robust immunogenicity in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, the shedding of infectious virus and the viral burden in the lungs was reduced in immunized hamsters. Moreover, high-titers of neutralizing antibodies with activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants were generated in immunized animals. Vaccination also protected animals from weight loss during infection. Additionally, both vaccines were effective at reducing both pulmonary and extrapulmonary pathology in vaccinated animals. These data show the potential of a DNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and suggest further investigation in large animal and human studies could be pursued.
Influence of roundness errors of bearing components on rotational accuracy of cylindrical roller bearings
Authors: Yu Yongjian , Li Jishun , Xue Yujun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of bearing component roundness errors and roller number on the rotational accuracy of rolling bearings is crucial in the design of high precision bearings. The rotational accuracy of an assembled bearing is dependent upon roller number and roundness errors of the bearing components. We propose a model for calculating the rotational accuracy of a cylindrical roller bearing; we experimentally verified the effectiveness of the model in predicting the radial run-out of the inner ring proposed in the previous paper in this series. We sought to define the key contributing factors to the rotational accuracy by studying both the influence of the coupling effect of the roller number and the influence of the roundness errors in the inner raceway, outer raceway, and rollers on the motion error. The model and results will help engineers choose reasonable manufacturing tolerances for bearing components to achieve the required rotational accuracy.
Integrative analysis of TCGA data identifies miRNAs as drug-specific survival biomarkers
Authors: Lin Shuting , Zhou Jie , Xiao Yiqiong , Neary Bridget , Teng Yong , Qiu Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiomarkers predictive of drug-specific outcomes are important tools for personalized medicine. In this study, we present an integrative analysis to identify miRNAs that are predictive of drug-specific survival outcome in cancer. Using the clinical data from TCGA, we defined subsets of cancer patients who suffered from the same cancer and received the same drug treatment, which we call cancer-drug groups. We then used the miRNA expression data in TCGA to evaluate each miRNA’s ability to predict the survival outcome of patients in each cancer-drug group. As a result, the identified miRNAs are predictive of survival outcomes in a cancer-specific and drug-specific manner. Notably, most of the drug-specific miRNA survival markers and their target genes showed consistency in terms of correlations in their expression and their correlations with survival. Some of the identified miRNAs were supported by published literature in contexts of various cancers. We explored several additional breast cancer datasets that provided miRNA expression and survival data, and showed that our drug-specific miRNA survival markers for breast cancer were able to effectively stratify the prognosis of patients in those additional datasets. Together, this analysis revealed drug-specific miRNA markers for cancer survival, which can be promising tools toward personalized medicine.
Recovery of hydrothermal wustite-magnetite spherules from the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean
Authors: Agarwal Deepak K. , Palayil John Kurian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA sediment sample with high abundance (19 spherules in ~ 85 g) of spherules was recovered from Central Indian Ridge (CIR) segment S2 (70° 54′ E, 25° 14′ S to 70° 50′ E, 24° 41′ S), ~ 85 km north of Rodrigues triple junction (RTJ). On the external surface of the spherules, magnetite appears as crystals, whereas wustite mostly appears as a homogenous glass phase. These spherules are composed of wustite and magnetite hosting Mn, unlike micrometeorites which essentially host Ni. Mn is more heterogeneously distributed with a relatively higher concentration in the wustite phase than the magnetite, suggesting hydrothermal origin. Furthermore, the presence of sulfide nano-particles in the wustite phase and a minor quantity of Pb and S in the ferrihydrite matrix points to the fact that CIR spherules are of hydrothermal origin. The CIR spherules could have formed either by the interaction of the reduced hydrothermal fluids with the ultramafic/basaltic rocks or silica-undersaturated magmatic melts, or by alteration of original particles (such as cosmic spherules, volcanic spherules, or even foraminifera) via Mn-bearing hydrothermal fluids, such as released during the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. The finding of Mn hosting wustite-magnetite assemblage suggests an hydrothermal system in the near vicinity and can be considered as an additional proxy for indication of hydrothermal activity.