bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Screen Time and Myopia
Authors: Ha Ahnul , Lee Yun Jeong , Lee Marvin , Shim Sung Ryul , Kim Young Kook 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceThe association of digital screen time with myopia has been documented, but the dose-response association and safe exposure threshold remain unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the dose-response association of time spent on digital screens with myopia risk.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for full-length articles from peer-reviewed journals without restrictions on study design, publication date, or language from inception to November 25, 2024.Study SelectionPrimary research articles investigating the association of exposure to digital screen devices (ie, smartphones, tablets, game consoles, computers, or television) with myopia-related outcomes (ie, prevalent or incident myopia and the rate of myopia progression) were identified by reviewers.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized procedure in accordance with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. A random-effects, dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) was utilized to examine the pattern of the association of screen time with myopia.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncreased odds of myopia per hour of daily screen time.ResultsIn the linear DRMA of 45 studies with 335 524 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.3 [4.3] years), an additional hour of daily screen time was associated with higher odds of myopia (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.30). The nonlinear DRMA of 34 studies with 314 910 participants also indicated higher odds of myopia with increasing screen time, ranging from 1 hour of daily exposure (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09) to 4 hours (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.56-2.40). The dose-response curve showed myopia risk increasing significantly between 1 to 4 hours of daily screen time, and then rising more gradually after 4 hours.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and DRMA, a daily 1-hour increment in digital screen time was associated with 21% higher odds of myopia and the dose-response pattern exhibited a sigmoidal shape, indicating a potential safety threshold of less than 1 hour per day of exposure, with an increase in odds up to 4 hours. These findings can offer guidance to clinicians and researchers regarding myopia risk.
Long‐term Outcomes of Children Born to Anti‐Ro Antibody Positive Mothers with and without Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Diaz Talia , Danguecan Ashely , Dominguez Daniela , Knight Andrea , Laskin MD Carl A. , Levy Deborah M. , Jaeggi Edgar , Misztal Melissa , Mandhane Piushkumar , Moraes Theo , Ng Lawrence , Silverio Franklin , Silverman Earl D. , Simons Elinor , Turvey Stuart E. , Subbarao Padmaja , Hiraki Linda T. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveEstimate the prevalence of allergic, neurodevelopmental, and autoimmune diagnoses in children born to anti‐Ro antibody positive mothers.MethodsA cohort study of children born to anti‐Ro antibody positive mothers followed in the Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus clinic (NLE) at SickKids Hospital. Participants ≥ 1 year of age were invited to complete a health status questionnaire. Prevalence of allergic, neurodevelopmental, and autoimmune disease diagnoses were compared between from the NLE cohort and the non‐NLE population‐based CHILD Cohort Study. Descriptive statistics were used for demographics, NLE manifestations and outcomes. Fisher's exact tests compared the prevalence of diagnoses between subgroups. We tested the association between allergies and neurodevelopmental conditions and NLE with logistic regression models. A P‐value of <0.006 was considered significant.ResultsWe included 321 participants with anti‐Ro antibody positive mothers. Median age at survey completion: 6 years, 51% female, 50% (n=162) NLE. No significant difference in any disease prevalence between children with and without NLE manifestations (p = 0.57) nor between children born to mothers with and without a rheumatic disease (p = 0.11). Disease prevalence was similar between the NLE and CHILD cohorts, allergic disease 30% vs 22%, p= 0.25, neurodevelopmental conditions 5% vs 2%, p=0.45, autoimmune disease 4% vs 2%, p=0.68.ConclusionsIn a large, multiethnic cohort of infants born to anti‐Ro antibody positive mothers, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of allergic, neurodevelopmental, or autoimmune diseases between children with and without NLE, nor between those born to anti‐Ro antibody positive mothers and a population‐based, non‐NLE cohort.
Programmable Logic Functions‐Integrated Acoustic In‐Sensor Computing
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tan Ting , Chen Yinghua , Yan Zhimiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn‐sensor computing supports edge computing by reducing data transmission, but logic and arithmetic operations are still underdeveloped in acoustic sensors. Mechanical computing with metamaterials integrates these functions directly into sensors by responding to external stimuli, offering a promising solution. However, current mechanical logic switching depends on structural transformations, limiting logic function density. Therefore, a reprogrammable logic method is proposed using a geometrically imbalanced graded phononic crystal (GiGPnC). By designing graded unit cells, the structure produces two types of asymmetric scattering effects on antisymmetric Lamb waves, and creating constructive and destructive interference at the point defect. These four acoustic frequency responses correspond to all input‐output mappings of a two‐input one‐output system, enabling mechanical computing. Then, reprogrammable realizations of seven basic logic gates and combinational logic are experimentally demonstrated, including a 1‐bit half‐subtractor and a 4‐bit even parity generator, on a single GiGPnC. This frequency‐response‐based reprogrammable method can be extended to more complex logic functions. This reprogrammable design paradigm is expected for acoustic in‐sensor computing centered on mechanical computing can promote the development of edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT).
Machine Learned Structure‐Property Correlation Between Nanohelices and Circular Dichroism
Authors: Wu Juanshu , Pu Yingming , Wang Jin , Gu Bing , Chen Xin , Chen Hongyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRational design of chiral nanostructures with desired Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra requires a quantitative structure‐property relationship, which has so far been unavailable. Using a data‐driven method, the aim is to establish such a relationship for nanohelices, a prevalent structural element of chiral nanostructures. Given the challenges in synthesizing nanohelices and separating racemic mixtures, obtaining extensive CD data has been difficult. Instead, CD spectra of 1260 nanohelices are stimulated using finite‐difference time‐domain method. This dataset is used to train a convolutional neural network that can accurately predict the CD spectra using a few key structural parameters such as pitch and curl. Moreover, an inverse design model is developed that can generate the right helix with the desired CD. To establish quantitative relationships, Shapley Additive explanations analysis and case studies are devised for the prediction model. The algorithm efficiently analyzes the structure‐property correlation, revealing the specific degrees of structural influence on the spectroscopic characteristics. Furthermore, the neural‐network‐based model can be extended via transfer learning to predict CD spectra of nanohelices made of other noble metals (Ag, Cu). It is believed that AI‐based approaches can significantly broaden the scope of wet‐chemistry nanosynthesis and computational techniques in the design of chiral nanostructures.
Self‐Powered Frequency‐Selective Acoustic Sensor Based on Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Song Chao , Huang Sibo , Ma Hongyu , Xie Shuhuan , Tsai Din Ping , Zhu Jie , Li Yong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSound is a clean, renewable, and abundant energy source present ubiquitously in nature. However, it is often underutilized due to its low energy density in most environments. This study introduces a two‐state system that supports a Friedrich–Wintgen bound state in the continuum (BIC), achieving an unprecedented enhancement in sound energy density—up to 1849 times the incident sound intensity. By integrating this BIC‐supporting system with energy conversion mechanisms, such as piezoelectric films, high‐performance acoustic energy harvesting and sensing is realized. As a proof‐of‐concept, a self‐powered acoustic sensor system is developed. This sensor leverages the high‐quality‐factor nature of a BIC, providing exceptional passive frequency selectivity and the ability to activate a light‐emitting diode (LED) at the target frequency of 501 Hz with an offset of only 4 Hz. This work represents a groundbreaking advancement in sound‐energy enhancement, paving the way for BIC‐induced acoustic harvesters and sensors, with promising applications in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things.
Hybrid Self‐Assembled Molecular Interlayers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cao Shuguang , Luo Shizi , Zheng Tongjun , Bi Zhuoneng , Mo Jiamei , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Ozerova Victoria V. , Slesarenko Nikita A. , Gutsev Gennady L. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Sun Fangyuan , Tian Yanqing , Ramachandran Bala R. , Troshin Pavel A. , Xu Xueqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSelf‐assembled molecules (SAMs) have been widely employed as hole transport layers (HTLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the carbazole core of [4‐(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me‐4PACz) is insufficiently effective for passivating defects at the “bottom” of perovskite films, and the weak anchoring ability of phosphate groups toward the NiOx substrate appears to promote the formation of dimers, trimers, and higher‐order oligomers, resulting in molecular accumulation. Herein, a novel technique is proposed to combine Me‐4PACz with different thiol molecules to modify the buried interface of PSCs. Molecular dynamics simulations and infrared scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy (IR s‐SNOM) results show that co‐depositing Me‐4PACz with thiol molecules forms hybrid SAMs that densely and uniformly cover the NiOx surface. The island‐like structure of the hybrid SAMs serves as a template for forming the perovskite bulk heterojunction composed of interpenetrating networks of MA‐rich and FA‐rich domains, enabling efficient charge generation and suppressed bimolecular recombination. Particularly, (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) effectively prevents Me‐4PACz aggregation by forming a multi‐dentate anchor on the NiOx surface through hydrolytic condensation of ─OCH3 groups, while its ─SH groups passivate uncoordinated Pb2+ at the perovskite/HTL interface. Consequently, the resulting hybrid SAMs‐modified PSC achieve a champion photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% and demonstrated better operational stability.
In Situ Construction of Flexible Low‐Dimensional van der Waals Material Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Yu , Liang Huanrong , Guan Xinyi , Ma Yuhang , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Ma Churong , Du Chun , Yao Jiandong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBy virtue of the excellent flexibility, conformability, portability, and aesthetics, wearable photodetectors have attracted worldwide research enthusiasm over the past decade. However, traditional bulk covalent semiconductors are difficult to be applied to wearable photodetectors due to their pronounced rigidity. Profiting from the self‐passivated surface, excellent carrier mobility, and strong light‐harvesting ability, low‐dimensional van der Waals materials (LDvdWMs) have shown immense potential for application in wearable optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the preparation of flexible photodetectors through exfoliation/transfer or solution methods has suffered from severe drawbacks spanning low production yield, severe contamination, and uncompetitive device properties. Therefore, researchers have been committed to exploring alternative preparation strategies. In response to this, the current review systematically summarizes the latest research advancements in directly constructing LDvdWM photodetectors on flexible substrates, including developing low‐melting‐point targeted materials, electron‐beam‐enabled crystallization, photonic crystallization, modified chemical vapor deposition, and pulsed‐laser deposition, with the elaboration on the fundamental mechanisms enabling in situ deposition of LDvdWMs. Finally, the tricky challenges standing in the way in this field have been epitomized and potential solutions addressing them have been proposed. On the whole, this review underscores distinctive pathways for the development of flexible LDvdWM photodetectors, which probably usher in next‐generation wearable optoelectronic technologies.
Machine Learning in Intravascular Ultrasound: Validating Automated Lesion Assessment for Complex Coronary Interventions
Authors: Galo Jason , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Al‐Qaraghuli Abdullah , Rubio Pablo M. , Zhang Cheng , Kahsay Yirga , Verma Beni Rai , Chitturi Kalyan R. , Mintz Gary S. , Waksman Ron , Case Brian C. , Hashim Hayder , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is essential for assessing complex coronary lesions, but remains underutilized in part due to difficulties in image interpretation. The AVVIGO IVUS Automated Lesion Assessment (ALA) software, which uses machine learning (ML) for automatic segmentation, promises to simplify lesion assessment. This study evaluated the agreement in stent size selection between ALA, an independent core laboratory (CL), and an expert interventional cardiologist (IC) for complex lesions.AimsThe primary endpoint was the agreement in stent size selection, within 0.25 mm, of AVVIGO ALA automatic segmentation of Class I lesions against the gold‐standard measurement by an independent CL analysis and against an expert IC, (H. H.). The secondary endpoint was to assess the relative differences between AVVIGO ALA and CL, AVVIGO ALA and IC, and CL and IC, in vessel and lumen areas.MethodsPatients with complex coronary lesions, including left main bifurcation, long, and severely calcified lesions, were retrospectively analyzed using IVUS with ALA. Stent size selection and area measurements by ALA were compared against a CL and IC using established sizing methods.ResultsIn 48 patients, ALA demonstrated high agreement with CL (92%–100%) and IC (91%–98.5%) in stent size selection across lesion subtypes using recommended sizing methods. Lumen‐based sizing achieved higher agreement than vessel‐based sizing, particularly in calcified lesions (100% vs. 87%). The variability in relative difference in measurements between ALA and CL was greater than IC and CL in distal vessel and lesion vessel areas. The relative difference in measurements between ALA and IC was greater in vessel‐based sizing compared to lumen‐based sizing in the distal reference marker.ConclusionAVVIGO ALA demonstrated high agreement in stent size selection compared to a CL and expert IC. ML's ability to automate IVUS analysis may improve operator efficiency, reduce radiation exposure, and enhance the adoption of intravascular imaging in routine practice. It remains to be seen if it will impact of adoption of IVUS to guide complex PCI.
Evolutionary LightGBM‐Based Intrusion Detection System for IoT Networks
Authors: Singal Khushi , Kandhoul Nisha , Dhurander Sanjay K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), securing interconnected devices is becoming increasingly critical. This paper introduces the LightShield intrusion detection system (IDS) to enhance intrusion detection in IoT environments using high‐performance computing. LightShield features preprocessing of IoT data, ReliefF algorithm for feature selection, and a novel detection model based on LightGBM, a gradient boosting framework. The system leverages GPU acceleration for faster model validation, enabling real‐time monitoring. By adapting to IoT characteristics, LightShield provides flexible, scalable defense against evolving cyber threats. Results show its potential to improve security in IoT ecosystems, offering valuable insights into anomaly‐based intrusion detection and the future of secure IoT networks. The binary classification model displayed exceptional precision with a 99.82% accuracy in detecting potential attacks, and the multiclass classification model achieved a commendable 97.25% accuracy in classifying distinct attack types.
Indoor Person Position Estimation With Channel State Information With Privacy Consideration
Authors: Yanagimoto Hidekazu , Tokioka Wataru , Hashimoto Kiyota , Matsuo Tokuro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a CSI‐based human detection system with commodity sensors: M5Stack. Especially, we remedy too sensitivity to individual with respect to measured CSI. Monitoring systems considering privacy proof is important for monitoring the elderly and children. In this paper, we carry out experiments on indoor human location estimation using Channel State Information (CSI). Specifically, to improve recognition accuracy in cases where training data and test data are generated from different persons, we proposed a method that includes dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PAC) as a preprocessing. In our experiments, we clarify problems of CSI‐based method and solve the problems using the proposed method. In the evaluation experiments, we achieved an improvement of 10%–30% depending on individuals.
Ornithogenic alteration of a tundra ecosystem from decades of intense herbivory and dense nesting
Authors: Kellett Dana K. , Alisauskas Ray T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMigratory animals can serve as ecological links between geographically distant ecosystems. Moreover, when seasonally linked ecosystems differ in carrying capacity of migrant species, those with high capacity may support population growth with consequences to shared ecosystems with lower capacity through trophic cascades. Agricultural production has increased carrying capacity of lesser snow (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (Anser rossii, collectively, “light geese”) in southern agricultural landscapes where these species winter and stage during migration to and from northern breeding areas, resulting in population increase. In subarctic and arctic ecosystems where carrying capacity for geese is lower, high abundance and densities of light geese have caused trophic cascades during summer breeding. This has raised concern for resilience of northern ecosystems to withstand cumulative and intense pressures of above‐ and belowground herbivory and nest construction. We investigated the empirical relationship between intensity of vegetation disturbance by multidecadal foraging and nest construction by up to ~1.3 million geese and shifts in (1) plant community composition and (2) taxon richness of freshwater plant communities near Karrak Lake, in Canada's central arctic. Intense use by nesting light geese caused shifts from lowland communities dominated by grasses and sedges (collectively, graminoids), Sphagnum spp., and willows (Salix spp.) to those comprised of exposed peat, non‐Sphagnum mosses, marsh ragwort (Tephroseris palustris), mare's tail (Hippuris vulgaris), and particularly birch (Betula glandulosa). Community change was less apparent in upland regions that were naturally less vegetated even in the absence of avian herbivores, but fruticose lichens, crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), and white heather (Cassiope tetragona) dominated undisturbed plant communities, whereas crustose lichens and bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp.) comprised disturbed communities. We did not find evidence for dominance by a limited number of species with long‐term occupancy by light geese, as taxon richness was equivocal between disturbed and undisturbed plant communities. Cessation of foraging and nesting pressure increased taxon richness and reestablishment of locally eradicated plant species. Overall, herbivory and nesting effects were not uniform across this widespread nesting colony and, together with underlying influence from abiotic gradients, increased heterogeneity in the mosaic of vegetation communities.
Substantial role of under‐ice limnological processes in diatom dynamics in the alpine lakes of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xiaosen , Han Huiru , Zhang Zhiping , Shen Zhongwei , Zhang Jingyue , Ma Keming , Liu Jianbao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent climate warming has resulted in the reduction of lake ice cover and significant changes in phytoplankton communities, but due to the traditional view of low production under lake ice in winter as well as the logistical challenges of winter conditions to field sampling, the influence of under‐ice limnological processes on winter diatom dynamics is rarely directly examined and thus remains unclear. Here, lake pelagic diatoms were monitored covering both the open‐water season and two ice‐covered winter seasons in three alpine lakes on the Chinese Loess Plateau to track diatom succession dynamics and assess the potential influences of under‐ice light and nutrient availability on diatom community. The results show clearly that diatom compositional changes during the open‐water season in all the lakes were simply linked with lake physical mixing/stratification regimes, while diatom community composition was not consistent between the two winter seasons in each lake under the combined influence of changing under‐ice nutrient and light conditions. In deep Lake Gonghai, total phosphorus (TP) explained equally the changes in winter diatom community with temperature, ice cover and associated light availability; in shallow Lake Pipahai, total nitrogen (TN) functioned as the major nutrient factor but was less important than light penetration through the ice; and in Lake Mayinghai, dissolved silica (DSi) outweighed the light effect of winter temperature and ice cover. Despite differing relative importance of nutrient factors between the different morphological types of lakes, winter diatom community changes in each lake were significantly linked with temperature, ice cover and associated changes in under‐ice light availability. This study provides a detailed picture that winter temperature and under‐ice limnological processes play a substantial role in diatom community dynamics in the alpine lakes of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and improves the understanding of limnological and ecological processes under ice and their driving mechanisms.