bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Evidence Underpinning Management Recommendations in Tobacco Use Disorder Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Streck Sam , McIntire Ryan , Canale Lawrence , Michael Anderson J , Hartwell Micah , Torgerson Trevor , Dunn Kelly , Vassar Matt 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs) are important tools for medical decision-making. Given the high prevalence and financial burden associated with tobacco use disorder(TUD), it is critical that recommendations within CPGs are based on robust evidence. Systematic reviews(SRs) are considered the highest level of evidence, thus, we evaluated the quality of SRs underpinning CPG recommendations for TUD.

Methods
We used PubMed to search for CPGs relating to TUD published between January 1, 2010 and May 21, 2021. SRs were extracted from CPG references and evaluated using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR-2) tools. We then compared SRs conducted by the Cochrane Collaboration with non-Cochrane SRs using a Mann-Whitney U test and determined associations between PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 extracted characteristics using multiple regression.

Results
Our search generated 10 CPGs with 98 SRs extracted. Mean PRISMA completion was 74.7%(SD = 16.7) and mean AMSTAR-2 completion was 53.8%(SD = 22.0) across all guidelines. Cochrane SRs were more complete than non-Cochrane studies in the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 assessments. The regression model showed a statistically significant association between PRISMA completion and AMSTAR-2 rating, with those classified as “low” or “moderate” quality having higher PRISMA completion than those with “critically low” ratings.

Conclusion
We found substandard adherence to PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 checklists across SRs cited in TUD CPGs. A lack of recent SRs in CPGs could lead to outdated recommendations. Therefore, frequent guideline updates with recently published evidence may ensure more accurate clinical recommendations and improve patient care.

Implications
Systematic reviews used to underpin clinical practice guideline recommendations influence treatment decisions and, ultimately, patient outcomes. We found that many systematic reviews underpinning tobacco use disorder guideline recommendations were out of date and unsatisfactory in reporting and quality. Thus, including newer systematic reviews containing more recently conducted trials and better reporting could alter recommendations and improve the rate of successful tobacco cessation attempts.
Impact of Covid-19 on Caller Characteristics and Quit Rates: Experience of Regional Tobacco Quitline From India
Authors: Pradeepkumar P C , Murthy Pratima , Lohit R P , Hegde Sudarshan , Chand Prabhat , Sethuraman Lakshmanan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The tobacco epidemic is a major health concern amplified by Covid-19. We aimed to study differences in caller profiles to the regional tobacco quitline services of South India during the Covid-19 pandemic in comparison with the prepandemic.

Method
Using a descriptive cross-sectional research design, we examined registered caller profiles to the quitline between March and July 2019 (Prepandemic N = 7845) and the same months in 2020 (Covid-19 pandemic phase N = 6447) phases.

Results
The proportion of registered callers with an expressed intent to quit tobacco increased by 1.73 times during pandemic (16.7% versus 9.6%). Health concerns were cited as the major reason (93.25%) to quit tobacco in 2020 as compared to 2019 (88.02%). Cough (28.50%) and psychological difficulties (14.20%) were reported significantly more by RCs in 2020. Self-reported quit rates were significantly higher among RCs in 2020 as compared to 2019 on the quit day (2019—47.37% & 2020—77.54%, p = .001), at one week (2019—25.17% and 2020—56.06%, p = .001) as was one-month continuous abstinence (2019—11.88% and 2020—39.60%, p = .001).

Conclusion
The pandemic resulted in a greater intent to quit among registered callers to the quitline. However, awareness about the quitline services as well as other tobacco cessation services needs to be expanded to reach more tobacco users.

Implications
Pandemics offer an opportunity to change health risk behaviors. During the Covid-19 pandemic, callers to the tobacco quitline were more motivated to quit tobacco and attributed it to concerns about the health risks from tobacco use, particularly during the pandemic. Quit rates also increased significantly during the pandemic as compared to before. These gains in encouraging tobacco cessation need to be maintained beyond the pandemic by strengthening existing quitlines and other supports for tobacco cessation.
What’s Constitutional about Revolutions?
Authors: Arban Erika , Samararatne Dinesha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Theorists have flirted with the idea of revolution for quite some time, mainly exploring the political, social and constitutional implications of this idea. Revolutions are easily associated with images of violent upsurges, social unrest and overturning of ruling leaders. However, there is a close link between revolutions and constitutionalism more generally: in fact, a revolution is often followed by a new constitutional moment, and the idea of ‘revolution’ has even been used in the context of judicial decision making. In theoretical terms, the intersection between constitutions, constitutionalism and revolution has emerged as a theme in academic legal scholarship in the past few years.1 In this review article, we engage with one of the latest publications in this area, Constitutional Revolution by Jacobsohn and Roznai whose purpose is to offer a theoretical and comparative account of the concept of revolution as applied in/to constitutional law.
The article is structured as follows. First, we consider the central claim made in the book, and then comment on some of the methodological choices made by the authors. Next, we situate the book within the broader scholarship on revolutions, exploring the resurgence of the idea of (constitutional) revolutions as unfolded in the social sciences. We then try to ‘recast’ the concept of revolution in constitutional theory by exploring the analytical value of the theorisation and some limits to its application, reflecting on some of the tensions that emerge from such conceptualisation. Finally, we test the theory through the constitutional experiences of two jurisdictions not considered in the book: Sri Lanka and Italy.
Evaluation of Tumor DNA Sequencing Results in Patients with Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Stratified by TP53 Mutation Status
Authors: Wood Anthony C , Zhang Yonghong , Mo Qianxing , Cen Ling , Fontaine Jacques , Hoffe Sarah E , Frakes Jessica , Dineen Sean P , Pimiento Jose M , Walko Christine M , Mehta Rutika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJ) are molecularly diverse. TP53 is the most frequently altered gene with approximately 50% of patients harboring mutations. This qualitative study describes the distinct genomic alterations in GCs and GEJs stratified by TP53 mutation status.

Patients and Methods
Tumor DNA sequencing results of 324 genes from 3741 patients with GC and GEJ were obtained from Foundation Medicine. Association between gene mutation frequency and TP53 mutation status was examined using Fisher’s exact test. Functional gene groupings representing molecular pathways suggested to be differentially mutated in TP53 wild-type (TP53WT) and TP53 mutant (TP53MUT) tumors were identified. The association of the frequency of tumors containing a gene mutation in the molecular pathways of interest and TP53 mutation status was assessed using Fisher’s exact test with a P-value of &lt;.01 deemed statistically significant for all analyses.

Results
TP53 mutations were noted in 61.6% of 2946 GCs and 81.4% of 795 GEJs (P &lt; .001). Forty-nine genes had statistically different mutation frequencies in TP53WT vs. TP53MUT patients. TP53WT tumors more likely had mutations related to DNA mismatch repair, homologous recombination repair, DNA and histone methylation, Wnt/B-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and chromatin remodeling complexes. TP53MUT tumors more likely had mutations related to fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, other receptor tyrosine kinases, and cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases.

Conclusion
The mutational profiles of GCs and GEJs varied according to TP53 mutation status. These mutational differences can be used when designing future studies assessing the predictive ability of TP53 mutation status when targeting differentially affected molecular pathways.
Efficacy of Infliximab Dose Escalation in Patients with Refractory Immunotherapy-Related Colitis: A Case Series
Authors: Harris Jessica P , Postow Michael A , Faleck David M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis is a common complication of immunotherapy use in patients with cancer. Current guidelines recommend treatment with standard dose infliximab (IFX) for corticosteroid-refractory colitis; however, this case series suggests IFX dose escalation may be a viable treatment option for refractory cases.
Chlorophyll and Pheophytin Dephytylating Enzymes Required for Efficient Repair of PSII in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
Authors: Takatani Nobuyuki , Uenosono Makoto , Hara Yuriko , Yamakawa Hisanori , Fujita Yuichi , Omata Tatsuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Chlorophyll Dephytylase1 (CLD1) and pheophytinase (PPH) proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana are homologous proteins characterized respectively as a dephytylase for chlorophylls (Chls) and pheophytin a (Phein a) and a Phein a-specific dephytylase. Three genes encoding CLD1/PPH homologs (dphA1, dphA2 and dphA3) were found in the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and shown to be conserved in most cyanobacteria. His6-tagged DphA1, DphA2 and DphA3 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to near homogeneity, and shown to exhibit significant levels of dephytylase activity for Chl a and Phein a. Each DphA protein showed similar dephytylase activities for Chl a and Phein a, but the three proteins were distinct in their kinetic properties, with DphA3 showing the highest and lowest Vmax and Km values, respectively, among the three. Transcription of dphA1 and dphA3 was enhanced under high-light conditions, whereas that of dphA2 was not affected by the light conditions. None of the dphA single mutants of S. elongatus showed profound growth defects under low (50 µmol photons m−2 s−1) or high (400 µmol photons m−2 s−1) light conditions. The triple dphA mutant did not show obvious growth defects under these conditions, either, but under illumination of 1,000 µmol photons m−2 s−1, the mutant showed more profound growth retardation compared with wild type (WT). The repair of photodamaged photosystem II (PSII) was much slower in the triple mutant than in WT. These results revealed that dephytylation of Chl a or Phein a or of both is required for efficient repair of photodamaged PSII.
Defining the minimal important change (MIC) and meaningful change value (MCV) for the Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) in a routine practice cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Mulder Michelle L M , Bertram Anouk M , Wenink Mark H , Vriezekolk Johanna E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the Minimal Important Change (MIC) values and Meaningful Change (MCV) values for the Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) and the Standard Error of Measurement (s.e.m.) of the PASDAS.

Methods
The routine practice data for 544 patients with PsA was available for analysis. An anchor-based method using linear regression analyses was used to determine the MICs and MCVs for the PASDAS. With this anchor-based method, we compared changes in the PASDAS score with an external reference (anchor). The anchor question inquired whether the patient’s well-being had changed since their previous visit. It consisted of a 7-point Likert scale (range: very much improved to very much deteriorated). Interperiod correlation matrix analysis was performed to determine the s.e.m.

Results
The overall MIC and MCV for the PASDAS were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.79) and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.46), respectively. Results for improvement and deterioration were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.83) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.93) for the MIC, respectively, and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.48) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.64) for the MCV, respectively. The s.e.m. was determined at 0.81.

Conclusion
The MIC for the PASDAS is a tool for physicians treating patients with PsA enabling them to give context to the patient’s perspective of disease activity, while the MCV might aid the use of the PASDAS in PsA clinical trials.
The Womb in Labour: Representing the Woman’s Body as an Active Vessel in Hildegard of Bingen’s Cause et Cure
Authors: Lee Minji 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Hildegard of Bingen was a German nun who wrote medical treatises in the Middle Ages that interpreted the female body as a positive and purifying agent of God’s creation and salvation at a time when negative connotations of female physicality prevailed in medicine. In particular, she described the female body as an active vessel, in opposition to the predominant image of the female body as passive. Her explanations of conception, pregnancy and childbirth in her medical book Cause et Cure represent the female body as actively advancing, nourishing, purifying and caring for future generations in the form of the baby, creating an analogy between the woman’s power of reproduction and God’s power of creation. This article concludes that Hildegard’s vessel imagery is a result of her high regard for the female body and its capacity for reproduction. Hildegard’s novel interpretation of the vessel provides a uniquely woman-empowering image for discussing the broader complex of gender and body in medieval medicine.
Unreported mixed Plasmodium species infection may increase vivax malaria in India: a challenge for malaria elimination
Authors: Nema Shrikant , Singh Akansha , Krishna Sri , Poriya Rajan , Dubey Shivangi , Ali Nazia A , Singh Mrigendra Pal , Verma Anil Kumar , Das Aparup , Bharti Praveen Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
In India, there are several malaria-endemic regions where non-falciparum species coexist with Plasmodium falciparum. Traditionally, microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests are used for the diagnosis of malaria. Nevertheless, microscopy often misses the secondary malaria parasite in mixed-infection cases due to various constraints. Misdiagnosis/misinterpretation of Plasmodium species leads to improper treatment, as the treatment for P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax species is different, as per the national vector-borne disease control program in India.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from malaria-endemic regions (Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Telangana) of India covering almost the entire country. Molecular diagnosis of Plasmodium species was carried out among microscopically confirmed P. falciparum samples collected during a therapeutic efficacy study in different years.

Results
The polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a high prevalence (18%) of mixed malaria parasite infections among microscopically confirmed P. falciparum samples from malaria patients that are either missed or left out by microscopy.

Conclusions
Deployment of molecular tools in areas of mixed species infection may prove vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Further, it will help in achieving the goal of malaria elimination in India.
Recent advances in radiosensitivity determinants in melanoma
Authors: Krayem Mohammad , Ghanem Ghanem E. , Van Gestel Dirk 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Radiotherapy has been proven to be useful but insufficient in melanoma management due to the intrinsic radioresistance of melanoma cells. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and pathways related to resistance/sensitivity to radiotherapy in melanoma is of paramount importance. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent ‘discoveries’ and advances in radiosensitivity determinants in melanoma.

Recent findings
The different levels of radiosensitivity among the various melanoma tumors could be attributed to the DNA damage signaling and repair proteins, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, cell metabolism, glutathione and redox balance, protein kinase signaling pathways as well as pigmentation and melanin content.

Summary
It is therapeutically important to elucidate the factors involved in radiation resistance/sensitivity of melanoma. More importantly, improving radiosensitivity may ‘widen the clinical utility’ in melanoma of this important therapeutic modality.
Association of sleep disturbance with Parkinson disease: evidence from the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Beydoun Hind A. , Naughton Michelle J. , Beydoun May A. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Brunner Robert L. , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Espeland Mark , Shumaker Sally A. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the association of sleep disturbance with Parkinson disease (PD) during 10+ years of follow-up among postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age at baseline.

Methods:
Longitudinal data on 130,502 study-eligible women (mean ± standard deviation baseline age = 63.16 ± 7.20 y) from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were analyzed. The cohort was followed for 15.88 ± 6.50 years, yielding 2,829 (2.17%) PD cases. Sleep disturbance (habitual sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, obstructive sleep apnea risk factors, sleep aids among those with WHI Insomnia Rating Scale scores (WHIIRS) > 9) was measured at baseline and one follow-up time by September 12, 2005. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated relationships controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics.

Results:
PD was significantly associated with long sleep duration (≥9 h) versus a benchmark of 7 to 8 hours (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.296, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.153-1.456), WHIIRS (>9 vs ≤9) (HR = 1.114, 95% CI:1.023-1.214), and use of sleep aids (yes vs no) (HR = 1.332, 95% CI:1.153-1.539) among those with WHIIRS > 9. Compared with 7 to 8 hours, short (<7 h) sleep duration was unrelated to PD. Finally, the presence of obstructive sleep apnea risk factors was not associated with PD.

Conclusions:
Among postmenopausal women, sleep disturbance was associated with approximately 10% to 30% increased PD risk after ∼16 years follow-up. Prospective cohort studies with objective exposures and adjudicated outcomes that include men and women of diverse backgrounds are required to confirm and extend these findings.
Current evidence for focal laser ablation and vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy for localized prostate cancer: review of literature published in the last 2 years
Authors: Candela Luigi , Kasraeian Ali , Barret Eric 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Currently, a significant number of patients are diagnosed with unilateral and apparently unifocal low or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). These patients are suitable for focal therapy, thus preventing radical treatment side effects without affecting cancer control. Among focal therapy energy sources, laser-based technologies have shown promising outcomes. We aimed to summarize recent data on focal laser ablation (FLA) and vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) for PCa.

Recent findings
We selected eight studies reporting data on 1155 patients with PCa who underwent laser-based focal therapy. Five studies were on FLA and three on VTP (six prospective and two retrospective series); four reported both oncologic and functional outcomes whereas in three only oncologic and one only functional outcomes were discussed. Follow-up protocols and durations varied widely among the studies. PCa recurrence rates ranged between 20 and 56%. Urinary and erectile function were preserved after treatment, and complications were mild and transient. A lack of high-quality data on long-term oncological outcomes still remains, thus further highlighting the need for prospective controlled studies.

Summary
FLA and VTP are well tolerated procedures with excellent functional outcomes. However, both procedures showed a significant rate of PCa recurrence, thus demonstrating a certain grade of oncologic control failure of the procedure and/or nonoptimal patients’ selection.
Retrograde intrarenal surgery: laser showdown (Ho:YAG vs thulium fiber laser)
Authors: Corrales Mariela , Traxer Olivier 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has always been recommended for large stones > 20 mm, using the Ho:YAG laser. The introduction of a new technology in the urological market, the thulium fiber laser (TFL) has revolutionized the endourology world because of its characteristics and significantly shorter laser-on time (LOT) and operative time, without scarifying the champ vision. The aim of this review is to evaluate the most relevant findings of the last 2 years of each laser technology, confronting Ho:YAG vs TFL, analyzing who is more suitable for performing an efficient RIRS.

Recent findings
Five full clinical trials using TFL for RIRS were found. Median LOT was between 2.8 and 34 min. All stones were similar in terms of stone volume, >500 mm3, and stone density, > 800 HU. Low complication rate, mostly Clavien-Dindo grade I and II and not related to the laser itself. One clinical trial only analyzed the efficacy of TFL for > 20 mm renal stones.

Summary
Based on this review, TFL performs a more efficient RIRS than the Ho:YAG laser with similar safety.
Reduced Levels of NAD in Skeletal Muscle and Increased Physiologic Frailty Are Associated With Viral Coinfection in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Tran Thanh , Pencina Karol M. , Schultz Michael B. , Li Zhuoying , Ghattas Catherine , Lau Jackson , Sinclair David A. , Montano Monty 
Published: January 2022

Background:
People living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionately burdened with multimorbidity and decline in physiologic function compared with their uninfected counterparts, but biological mechanisms that differentially contribute to the decline in muscle function in PLWH compared with uninfected people remain understudied.

Setting:
The study site was Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Methods:
We evaluated skeletal muscle tissue for levels of total nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), NAD+, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in middle-aged asymptomatic PLWH, coinfected with hepatitis C virus and/or cytomegalovirus and compared them with uninfected control participants.

Results:
Of the 54 persons with muscle biopsy data, the mean age was 57 years with 33% women. Total NAD levels declined in skeletal muscle in association with HIV infection and was exacerbated by hepatitis C virus and cytomegalovirus coinfection, with lowest levels of total NAD, NAD+, and NADH among persons who were coinfected with all 3 viruses (P = 0.015, P = 0.014, and P = 0.076, respectively). Levels of total NAD, NAD+, and NADH in skeletal muscle were inversely associated with inflammation (P = 0.014, P = 0.013, and P = 0.055, respectively). Coinfections were also associated with measures of inflammation (CD4/CD8 ratio: P < 0.001 and sCD163: P < 0.001) and immune activation (CD38 and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on CD8 T cells: P < 0.001). In addition, coinfection was associated with increased physiologic frailty based on the Veteran Aging Cohort Study 1.0 index assessment (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Further research is warranted to determine the clinical relevance of preclinical deficits in NAD metabolites in skeletal muscle in association with viral coinfection and inflammation, as well as the observed association between viral coinfection and physiologic frailty.