bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homo-and heterofermentative lactobacilli are differently affected by lignocellulosic inhibitory compounds
Authors: Giacon Thamiris Guerra , Cunha Gabriel Caetano de Gois e , Eliodório Kevy Pontes , Oliveira Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza , Basso Thiago Olitta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Second generation (2G) ethanol is produced using lignocellulosic biomass. However, the pre-treatment processes generate a variety of molecules (furan derivatives, phenolic compounds, and organic acids) that act as inhibitors of microbial metabolism, and thus reduce the efficiency of the fermentation step in this process. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of furan derivatives on the physiology of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that are potential contaminants of ethanol production.
Methodology:
Homofermentative and heterofermentative strains of laboratory LAB and isolated from first generation ethanol fermentation were used. LAB strains were challenged to grow in the presence of furfural and hydroxymethyylfurfural (HMF).
Results
We found that the effect of HMF and furfural on the growth rate of LAB is dependent of the metabolic type, and growth kinetics in the presence of these compounds is enhanced for heterofermentative LAB, whereas is inhibitory to homofermentative LAB. Sugar consumption and product formation were also enhanced in the presence of furaldehydes in heterofermentative LAB, that displayed effective detoxification kinetics when compared to the homofermentative LAB.
Conclusion
This knowledge is important because lactic acid bacteria can be explored within the scope of bio-detoxification, as well as to guide metabolic engineering strategies to yeast biocatalysts based on the mechanisms used by these bacteria.
Focusing characteristics of high voltage electron gun under variable electromagnetic and beam source parameters
Authors: SHENGBO LI , YUFAN QIU , SHENGPING FU , DENIS SHUTIN , YE SONG , JIAWEI CHANG , FENGMIN BAI 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The focusing characteristics of electron guns sufficiently affect the quality of electron beam welding. At present, no systematic theoretical method calculates the beam waist and beam spot parameters that reflect the focusing characteristics of electron gun. Aiming at this problem, this paper contains a theoretical analysis of the relationship among the potential on the electron gun axis, the diameter of beam waist, and the trajectory of charged particles that pass through the focusing coil. A simulation model based on a F19-01 high-voltage electron gun for this study is developed using the CST simulation platform. The model simulates the variation of electron beam waist and beam spot diameter under different electrostatic focusing and magnetic focusing parameters. Results of a single-parameter study show that an increase in the cathode-to-anode distance leads to the increment in the beam spot diameter, whereas an increase in the bias cup aperture, as well as increases in anode aperture and focusing current, cause its decrease. An orthogonal test confirms that the aspect ratio of the electron beam welding seam under the same power can be improved effectively by selecting the cathode-to-anode distance of 28.4 mm, the bias cup aperture of 6 mm, and the anode aperture of 10 mm. Thus, the experimental data prove the correctness of the theoretical and simulation analyses.
The Utility of the CADISS® System in the Dissection of Epidural Fibrosis in Revision Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Collard Xavier , De Witte Olivier , Lubansu Alphonse 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Spine surgery and spinal fusion surgery are rising. Revision rates following initial surgery are between 8 and 45%. Epidural fibrosis is a common response to spine surgery for most patients and increases complications in revision surgery. Previous research suggests using MESNA (Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) in combination with mechanical blunt dissection safely reduces surgical complications. MESNA is a mucolytic agent which selectively cleaves disulphide bonds involved in the adherence and strength of fibrosis, meaning cutting instruments are not needed. The Chemically Assisted DISSection (CADISS®) System is an optimised non-cutting surgical device, consisting of a reconstitution cartridge for MESNA preparation, irrigated surgical instruments, and a footswitch to control MESNA release. This is the first study to investigate the use of the CADISS® System in revision spine surgery. Methods: This was a prospective, open label, observational case study. We enrolled 21 patients for revision spine surgery with the CADISS® System at two Belgium sites. The primary assessment was the number of successful removals of epidural fibrosis without cutting. The amount of MESNA used, total dissection and procedure time were recorded. For secondary criterion, the surgeons assessed global satisfaction, facilitation of dissection, quickness of action, usability, bleeding reduction and visualisation of the cleavage plane using an 11-point Likert scale (0-10). Due to the exploratory nature, no formal statistical analysis was planned. We calculated the percentage and confidence interval of successful procedures, the medians and corresponding interquartile range of the Likert criterion, and the mean (±SD) of the amount of MESNA used, CADISS® dissection time and total procedure time. Results: 24 fibrosis dissections were performed in 19 patients and 23 were successful (95.8%, CI: 78.9%; 99.9%). The mean amount of MESNA used, mean dissection time and procedure time were 16 ml (± 4.94), 16.5 minutes (±16.1) and 86.3 minutes (±25.1), respectively. No dural tears were reported. The mean global satisfaction score was 9.0 (8.0-9.0). All other Likert criterion had scores of 8.0 or 9.0, excluding quickness of action, which scored 7.0 (6.0-9.0).Conclusions: The CADISS® System in revision spine surgery has potential to effectively reduce dissection complications. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05016739 - first registration: 23/08/2021 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05016739
High-normal versus low-normal mean arterial pressure thresholds in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Rikhraj Kiran J K , Ronsley Claire , Sekhon Mypinder S , Mitra Anish R , Griesdale Donald E G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Targeted blood pressure thresholds remain unclear in critically ill patients. Two prior systematic reviews have not demonstrated differences in mortality with a high mean arterial pressure (MAP) threshold but they only included patients with septic shock. Thus, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of a high-normal versus low-normal MAP on mortality in all pertinent disease states for critically ill patients. We searched six databases from inception until September 5th 2021 for RCTs of critically ill patients targeted to either a high-normal (≥ 65 mm Hg) versus a low-normal (≥ 60 mm Hg) MAP threshold for at least 24-hours. We assessed study quality using the RoB-2 tool and the risk ratio (RR) was used as the summary measure of association. We included 7 RCTs with 3772 patients. Three trials were conducted in patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, two in distributive shock, one in septic shock, and one in hepatorenal syndrome. The pooled RR for mortality was 1.06 (95%CI 0.98 to 1.17). There was no significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, 95%CI: 0 to 47%). Furthermore, there was no difference in the rates of favourable neurologic outcome or renal replacement therapy between the high-normal versus low-normal MAP groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that there is no difference in mortality amongst critically ill patients targeted to a high-normal versus low-normal MAP target.
Our Voice in a Rural Community: Empowering Colombian Rural Adolescents to Advocate for Community Well-being through Citizen Science
Authors: Montes Felipe , Guerra Ana María , Higuera-Mendieta Diana , Vega-Taboada Eduardo , King Abby C. , Banchoff Ann , Maturana Augusto César Rodríguez , Sarmiento Olga L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Backround: Santa Ana is home to an Afro-descendant rural population of the island of Barú in Cartagena, Colombia. While a popular area for tourism, Santa Ana’s population is affected by multidimensional poverty, precarious work conditions, homelessness, broken streets and sewer systems, limited quality education, and lack of recreation and sport spaces. While Santa Ana’s Community Action Board aims to unify efforts and resources to solve these problems, the state’s capacity to meet the requirements of the Board is limited. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between healthy lifestyles and characteristics of Santa Ana’s school using the Our Voice Citizen Science Research Method. This systemic approach combines information and communication technologies with group facilitation to empower adolescents to: 1) collect and discuss data about factors in their local environments that facilitate or hinder well-being within their school community; 2) identify relevant local stakeholders who could help to address the issues identified; and 3) advocate collectively for local improvements to support increased well-being at a community level. Results: Eleven citizen scientists ages 13 to 17 years from the science club of Institución Educativa Santa Ana were recruited and together conducted 11 walks within the school to collect data about the facilitators and barriers to student well-being. They identified barriers to well-being related to school infrastructure, furniture, bathrooms, and sense of belonging. They then advocated with school stakeholders and reached agreements on concrete actions to address identified barriers, including fostering a culture among students of caring for school property, and presenting their findings to the community action board. This methodology allowed the community to realize how students can become agents of change and take collective action when motivated by practice-focused methodologies such as Our Voice. Project ripple effects, including greater empowerment and participation in collective actions by students, also were observed. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of the school’s built environment in the well-being of students in rural areas. The Our Voice method provided the opportunity to inform school-based interventions, and promoted ripple effects that expanded productive dialogue to the community level and generated systemic actions involving actors outside of the school community.
Selected Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Extracts Inhibit Intestinal α-Glucosidases Activities in- vitro and Postprandial Hyperglycemia in SD Rats
Authors: Mitiku Haimanot , Kim Tae Yang , Kang Hanna , Apostolidis Emmanouil , Lee Jung-Yun , Kwon Young-In 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One of the therapeutic approaches for decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia is to retard absorption of glucose by the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase, and α-glucosidases, in the digestive organs. Coffee consumption has been reported to beneficial effects for controlling calorie and cardiovascular diseases, however, the clear efficacy and mode of action are yet to be proved well. Therefore, in this study we evaluated in- vitro rat intestinal α-glucosidases and porcine α-amylase inhibitory activities as well as in vivo (Sprague-Dawley rat model) blood glucose lowering effects of selected coffee extracts. The water extracted Sumatra coffee (SWE) showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50, 4.39 mg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner followed by Ethiopian water extract (EWE) (IC50, 4.97) and Guatemala water extract (GWE) (IC50, 5.19). Excepted for GWE all the coffee types significantly reduced the plasma glucose level at 0.5 hour after oral intake (0.5 g/kg-body weight) in sucrose and starch-loaded SD rats. In sucrose loading test SWE (p < 0.001) and EWE (p < 0.05) had significantly postprandial blood glucose reduction effect, when compared to control. The maximum blood glucose levels (Cmax) of EWE administration group were decreased by about 18% (from 222.3 ± 16.0 to 182.5 ± 15.4, p < 0.01) and 19% (from 236.2 ± 25.1 to 191.3 ± 13.2 hr·mg/dL, p < 0.01) in sucrose and starch loading tests, respectively. These results indicate that selected coffee extract may improve exaggerated postprandial spikes in blood glucose via inhibition of intestinal sucrase and thus delays carbohydrate absorption. These in vitro and in vivo studies therefore could provide the biochemical rationale for the benefit of coffee-based dietary supplement and the basis for further clinical study.
Seed Morphological and Anatomical Structures as Taxonomy Tool for Turkish Hyacinthella Schur (Asparagaceae) Taxa
Authors: EROĞLU Hüseyin , KARAİSMAİLOĞLU Mehmet Cengiz , FİDAN Mehmet , PINAR Süleyman Mesut 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper offers the first taxonomic assessment of the morphological and anatomical characters of the seeds of 11 Hyacinthella taxa from Turkey, 10 of them are endemic, with the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Macro-morphologically, the outcomes display that the species are different from each other as per seed shape and size. The studied seeds are separated into 5 shapes; triangularis, circularis, ellipticus, ellipticus-late and ovatus. Seed sizes range from 1.51 mm to 3.06 mm in length, from 1.06 mm to 2.04 mm in width. Micro-morphologically, seed surface ornamentation is grouped into 7 types: rugose, reticulate-pusticulate, verrucate, tuberculate, ruminate, reticulate-foveate and alveolate. The most common type is verrucate, as rugose (in H. acutiloba), reticulate-pusticulate (in H. campanulata), ruminate (in H. hispida) and reticulate-foveate (in H. lineata) ornamentation types are taxon specific. Anatomically, testa structures of the studied seeds are usually consisted of 1 layer, the epidermis, formed in the sclerenchymatous tissue. The epidermis layer demonstrates significant differences in cell form, comprising of crushed, flat or polygonal cells, in 1–7 layers, and has surged or straight wall form. Also, the subepidermis layer is found in some of the studied taxa (H. glabrescens, H. heldreichii and H. siirtensis). The thickness of testa layers varies between 15.77 µm (in H. micrantha) and 49.76 µm (in H. campanulata). In the systematics of the genus Hyacinthella, the seed morphological and anatomical characters are very important characteristics that reveal inter-specific relationships among the studied species. Also, a dichotomous key is provided for the identification of the examined species based on seed characters.
Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in South India during 2015 to 2017
Authors: Ramachandran Sanjay Erathodi , Joseph Josmi , Sasidharanpillai Sarita , Sheik Shahin , J Michael C , Sasidharanpillai Sabeena , S Aswathyraj , Karunakaran Kavitha , Cheerngod Shilpa , Varamballi Prasada , Jayaram Anup , Govindakaranavar Arunkumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infection caused by human enteroviruses and clinically characterised by fever with vesicular rash on hand, foot or mouth. While Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) were the major aetiologies of HFMD in India earlier, there were sparse data on recently circulating enteroviruses associated with HFMD. Here we describe the molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses associated with HFMD in South India from 2015 to 2017. We used archived enterovirus real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR positive vesicle swab and or throat swab specimens from clinically suspected HFMD cases collected from four secondary care hospitals in South India between July 2015 to December 2017. PCR amplification and sequencing were done based on 5’VP1, 3’VP1, VP2 or 5´NCR regions to identify enterovirus types. Genetic diversity among enteroviruses was inferred by phylogenetic analysis. Of the 107 enterovirus RNA real-time RT-PCR positive HFMD cases, 69 (64%) were typed as CVA6, 16 (15%) were CVA16, and 1 (1%) was CVA10. Whereas 21 (20%) cases were not typable by any of the methods used in the study. The majority of HFMD cases (89, 83%) were children below five years, while 11 (10.3%) were adults. 5’VP1 yielded the maximum number of enteroviruses genotyped and the phylogenetic analysis showed the CVA6 strains belongs to the subclade D3 while the subclades of CVA16 and CVA10 were B1c and D, respectively. The predominant etiology of HFMD in South India during 2015-2017 period was CVA6 followed by CVA16 and CVA10.
Distribution according to the European Society of Cardiology risk categories and associated risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Orsi Emanuela , Solini Anna , Bonora Enzo , Vitale Martina , Garofolo Monia , Fondelli Cecilia , Trevisan Roberto , Vedovato Monica , Cavalot Franco , Laviola Luigi , Morano Susanna , Pugliese Giuseppe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the main cause for the excess mortality in type 2 diabetes. In 2019, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) identified three risk categories, with the very high-risk category including individuals with established ASCVD and/or target organ damage (TOD) and/or ≥ 3 additional ASCVD risk factors. This classification was revised in 2021 manly by excluding the latter group from the very high-risk category. This analysis assessed the distribution according to the two ESC classifications and the associated risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicentre Study.
Methods.
This observational, prospective study enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Diabetes Clinics throughout Italy in 2006–2008. Participants were stratified based on the presence of established ASCVD, TOD (renal ± retinal), and ASCVD risk factors at baseline. Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%).
Results.
Less than 1% of participants fell in the moderate-risk category with both classifications; moreover, approximately one third fell in the high-risk and two thirds in the very high-risk category according to the 2019 classification, whereas the opposite was observed with the 2021 classification. Mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) was increased in high-risk (2.805 [0.903–8.719], P = 0.075, and 2.757 [1.311–5.795], P = 0.007) and very high-risk (6.529 [2.105–20.254], P = 0.001, and 6.865 [3.266–14.432], P < 0.0001) versus moderate-risk category according to the 2019 and 2021 classification, respectively. Among patients at very high-risk, risk of death was much lower in those with ≥ 3 additional ASCVD risk factors and almost equal in those with TOD and ASCVD ± TOD, using the 2019 classification, whereas it was much higher in those with ASCVD + TOD and, to a lesser extent, TOD only than in those with ASCVD only, using the 2021 classification.
Conclusions.
Only a few patients with type 2 diabetes fall in the moderate-risk category, suggesting an overestimation of ASCVD risk. Downgrading those with ≥ 3 additional ASCVD risk factors to the high-risk category is consistent with all-cause mortality data. Risk of death is very high in the presence of TOD (namely microangiopathy), possibly due to the association with subclinical ASCVD.
Trial registration.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, 15 July, 2008.
A retrospective study on solitary deaths (kodoku-shi) from the aspects of forensic and social medine
Authors: Hashizume Yumiko , Ishigami Akiko , Ishida Yuko , Nosaka Mizuho , Kuninaka Yumi , Yamamoto Hiroki , Hata Satoshi , Matsuki Jumpei , Yasuda Haruki , Takayasu Tatsunori , Furukawa Fukumi , Kimura Akihiko , Kondo Toshikazu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated 637 forensic autopsy cases of solitary death (kodoku-shi in Japanese) and clarified the present situation of solitary death from the viewpoints of forensic medicine. Of 637 cases who had solitary death, 471 were male and 166 were female, indicating that solitary death predominantly occurred in men. This tendency increased from the age of 40 years in men and 60 years in women. Among the cases, 349 and 199 were natural death and external death, respectively. Ischemic heart disease- and fire-related fatalities were most common in natural death and external death cases, respectively. Suicidal death was more frequent in women than in men. We found two peaks of postmortem interval until finding (PMI-f): < 1 d (182 cases, 28.6%) and 7 days to < 1 month (164 cases, 25.7%). The PMI-f in female cases was significantly shorter than that in male cases. The PMI-f of external death cases was significantly shorter than that of natural death cases. Kushimoto and Shingu, located in the southern part (Kinan region), had a high solitary death rate in forensic autopsy cases because of their small population and high aging rate. Few cases were welfare recipients in solitary death cases in Kinan region (non-urban area), and 23 of 36 welfare recipients lived in Wakayama City, indicating that the economic state would contribute more to the occurrence of solitary death in Wakayama City (urban area). We identified several risk factors and regional characteristics for solitary death cases, and our observations could contribute to administrative welfare measures for the prevention of solitary deaths.
Hyperlactatemia is a predictor of mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury
Authors: Kim Seong Geun , Lee Jinwoo , Yun Donghwan , Kang Min Woo , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperlactatemia occurs frequently in critically ill patients, and this pathologic condition leads to worse outcomes in several disease subsets. Herein, we addressed whether hyperlactatemia is associated with the risk of mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to acute kidney injury.
Methods
A total of 1,661 patients who underwent CRRT for severe acute kidney injury were retrospectively reviewed between 2010 and 2020. The patients were categorized according to their serum lactate levels, such as high (≥ 7.6 mmol/l), moderate (2.1–7.5 mmol/l) and low (≤ 2 mmol/l), at the time of CRRT initiation. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of in-hospital mortality were calculated with adjustment of multiple variables. The increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the mortality risk was evaluated after adding serum lactate levels to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score-based models.
Results
A total of 802 (48.3%) and 542 (32.6%) patients had moderate and high lactate levels, respectively. The moderate and high lactate groups had a higher risk of mortality than the low lactate group, with HRs of 1.64 (1.22–2.20) and 4.18 (2.99–5.85), respectively. The lactate-enhanced models had higher AUROCs than the models without lactates (0.764 vs. 0.702 for SOFA score; 0.737 vs. 0.678 for APACHE II score).
Conclusions
Hyperlactatemia is associated with mortality outcomes in patients undergoing CRRT for acute kidney injury. Serum lactate levels may need to be monitored in this patient subset.