bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AIRPOWER TO COUNTER NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS
Authors: Bhatti Amjad Mahmood 
Published: October 2022

The early theorists had conceived airpower to break the adversary's will and achieve decisive impact; however, technological deficiencies and weak strategies prevented airpower from doing so. Later, especially in the second half of the 20th century, advancements in technology and the advent of new concepts developed airpower as a military tool of the first choice to achieve strategic advantages. Traditionally, states remained the referent objects and a prime focus for national security, but post-cold war developments witnessed the emergence of a non-traditional security paradigm, increasingly making individuals referent objects of security. This security dimension primarily affected individuals and ideational aspects and led to the developing of a new identity-based construct with increasing political, economic, military, environmental, and societal influences. This paper highlights that despite the remarkable advancements in airpower technology and its ever-increasing role as a critical military instrument, its effectiveness in dealing with security threats and achieving a decisive victory in situations complexed by non-traditional threats remains ambiguous. Considering terrorism as a social construction allows investigation into unthinkable policies to counter it. Nevertheless, the main objective of the policy perhaps can be the deconstruction of the undesirable construct whereby airpower, enabled with modern technology, can act as a leading military component.

Bibliography Entry
Bhatti, Amjad Mahmood. 2022. "Conceptual Framework for Airpower to Counter Non-traditional Security Threats." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 47-60.
INDIAN MILITARY DOCTRINE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOUTH ASIA’S STRATEGIC STABILITY
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Bukhari Syed Mussawar Hussain 
Published: October 2022

India’s aggressive military doctrine exploits the questionable space for a limited war under a nuclear overhang. This doctrine is designed to dilute, if not fully compromise, the notion of nuclear deterrence. Indian military high command has often boasted about waging a conventional war against Pakistan. India’s unilateral decision to repeal Kashmir’s special constitutional status has further exacerbated the volatility of the hitherto conflict-prone environment in South Asia. India’s doctrine manifests in the offensive deployment of S-400 missile systems along Pakistan’s border, further supplemented by the positioning of Dassault Rafale fighter jets. While it might temporarily alter the region’s strategic stability equation, Pakistan must rebalance this shift in its strategic stability. There is a need to review the notion of strategic stability as it applies to the region’s nuclear balance of power. This paper analyses India’s aggressive military doctrine fuelling its desire to wage a limited conventional war against Pakistan, examines the effects of growing military asymmetry, evaluates the impact of the short but swift military action in February 2019, and finally endeavours to determine the stabilizing impact of the nuclear deterrent on South Asia’s strategic stability.

Bibliography Entry
Ali, Muhammad, and Syed Mussawar Hussain Bukhari. 2022. "Indian Military Doctrine and Its Impact on South Asia’s Strategic Stability." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 74-84.
Peran Ecclesia Domestica Dalam Medidik Moral dan Agama Anak Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Stasi St.Benedictus Teluk Siak Estate (TSE)
Authors: Valentina Marpaung  , Anselmus Joko P  , Andarweni Astuti  
Published: October 2022

Adanya kebijakan stay at home memaksa keluarga kristiani untuk melakukan kegiatan keagamaan dari rumah seperti beribadah di rumah, melakukan kegiatan rohani, memberikan ajaran agama katolik pada anak, mengajarkan moral dasar pada anak. Persoalan yang muncul sejauh mana tingkat kesadaran keluarga katolik menyadari perannya sebagai Ecclesia Domestica dalam memberikan pendidikan moral dan agama pada anak, bagaimana aktivitas keluarga katolik melaksanakan pendidikan moral dan agama pada anak di masa pandemi, dan hambatan bagi orangtua dalam menerapkan pendidikan agama dan moral di masa pandemi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif Deskriptif, 15 KK Stasi St. Benedictus TSE. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode koesioner, wawancara, dokumentasi. Tingkat kesadaran keluarga katolik sebagai Ecclesia domestica memberikan pendidikan agama dan moral pada anak memperoleh angka 71%, aktivitas keluarga katolik dimasa pandemi memperoleh angka 70%, hambatan yang dihadapi orangtua dalam mendidik moral dan agama anak memperoleh angka 68%. Hasil menunjukan bahwa peran Ecclesia domestica yang dikatakan sebagai Gereja Rumah Tangga untuk mendidik moral dan agama anak sudah cukup baik. Hasil wawancara dari ketiga variabel menyatakan tingkat kesadaran keluarga katolik didukung dengan adanya keterbukaan terhadap anggota keluarga. Aktifitas yang dilakukan dalam selama masa pandemi dengan mengajarkan nilai moral dasar, dan melakukan kegiatan rohani. Beberapa hambatan yang dialami keluarga katolik tidak bisa membagi waktu dan faktor lingkungan.
"POR QUEM OS SINOS DOBRAM?" UM OLHAR SÓCIO-HISTÓRICO SOBRE A PANDEMIA NA CIDADE DE CAJAZEIRAS/PB
Authors: Lima Thalyta de Paula Pereira , Pereira Jamily Santos , Leite Maria Heloísa Gonçalves Pires , Limeira Wellen Jordana Jordão , CARREIRO B. O. 
Published: October 2022

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar dados da Secretaria de Saúde de Cajazeiras sobre a Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), avaliando a sua prevalência e mortalidade. Através de uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter documental, realizamos uma análise sócio-histórica dos dados, tendo por referencial teórico: Achille Mbembe, Boaventura Sousa Santos, Lilia Schwarcz e Zygmunt Bauman, entre outros. Partimos de observações preliminares dos sites informativos de saúde sobre o avanço da doença entre populações de regiões periféricas. Isso foi verificado quando comparados os números de infectados e mortos nos bairros mais ricos das cidades não somente no Brasil, mas também em outros países. Quanto mais pobre a população, maior a porcentagem encontrada e a vulnerabilidade ao contágio e morte por infecções virais em pessoas negras. Apesar do número de contaminados da população feminina permanecer superior ao da masculina, observamos maior número de óbitos do sexo masculino prevalecendo acima de 60 anos. Essa constatação também ocorreu entre os autodeclarados pardos e nas populações de bairros periféricos. Concluímos que a disseminação da COVID-19 entre as camadas mais pobres da sociedade possui características que dialogam com questões históricas, políticas e sociais enraizadas ao passado colonial do Brasil, como: escravidão, exclusão, desigualdade e racismo.
SANEAMENTO BÁSICO NO BRASIL - 1995 a 2020: DINÂMICA SETORIAL E GOVERNANÇA
Authors: De Siqueira Tagore Villarim 
Published: October 2022

A aprovação da Lei 14.026, em julho de 2020, estabeleceu a base legal para o início de uma nova era no setor de saneamento básico no país, com destaque para o estabelecimento da concorrência pelos contratos com os municípios por meio de licitação, a definição da concessão por blocos regionais de municípios e a definição de metas para universalizar o atendimento da demanda até 2033. O movimento dos municipios pela maior autonomia no processo de modernização do setor teve início nos anos 1990, com a emergência da participação municipal se caracterizando pelo objetivo de universalizar o atendimento da população com mais eficiencia e eficácia. Nesse sentido, este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre esse período de mudanças no setor de saneamento do país, destacando a importância da contribuição municipal e os beneficios proporcionados, como a mitigação de problemas nas áreas da saúde pública e ambiental, bem como o fortalecimento dos principios do desenvolvimento sustentável no país. Tais inciativas contribuíram para uma melhor adequação do país aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2030 (ODSs) da ONU, entre os quais se encontra a universalização no atendimento da população em saneamento básico. Dessa forma, poderíamos afirmar que essas iniciativas estão ajudando o país nas negociações internacionais relacionadas as mudanças do clima à medida que ajudam a reduzir as emissões de gases poluentes, como CO2 e metano.
Seguimiento a la ejecución de compras conjuntas y apoyo a la compra de medicamentos del plan obligatorio de salud y otros insumos hospitalarios esenciales en los hospitales adscritos a la Secretaría Distrital de Salud
Authors: Ocampo Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Investigación por demanda dentro de la línea de desarro- 11o de servicios, cuyo objetivo general es determinar la relación costo-efectividad del mejoramiento del proceso de suministro en la negociación conjunta realizada para la compra de algunos insumos en el año 1997. Sus objetivos específicos fueron: consolidar y analizar la información necesaria para la compra de los medicamentos seleccionados del listado de medicamentos del plan obligatorio de salud y otros insumos hospitalarios esenciales, a través de la comisión de suministro creada para tal fin; recolectar, consolidar y analizar la información necesaria para la negociación conjunta de compra de medicamentos del plan obligatorio de salud y otros insumos que determine la comisión de suministros; generar elementos que contribuyan al proceso de toma de decisión en la comisión de suministro; identificar estrategias para la orientación de la inversión de los recursos ahorrados a través de la negociación conjunta.El sistema general de seguridad social en salud, creado por la ley 100 de 1993, establece las condiciones de acceso a un plan obligatorio de salud, que permitirá la protección integral de los habitantes del territorio nacional. Dentro de este plan se encuentra contemplada la fase de tratamiento que da origen a un listado básico de medicamentos esenciales para los servicios que cubran el nivel básico de atención.Con este estudio la Secretaría Distrital de Salud podrá determinar la efectividad de las compras conjuntas, mediante la consolidación y análisis de la información suministrada por los hospitales participantes.Dará soportes a las decisiones de los hospitales asociados e identificará la magnitud de los recursos ahorrados y su destinación.Determinará el presupuesto asignado para el área de suministros de cada hospital. Establecerá el gasto de suministros discriminado por tipo de insumo, específicamente para los IHE (medicamentos, material médico-quirúrgico, laboratorio clínico, odontología e imaginología. Creará mecanismos de comunicación y coordinación permanente de la comisión de suministros y de los hospitales participantes en la negociación conjunta. Diseñará indicadores que permitan el seguimiento a la ejecución de las compras determinadas en la negociación conjunta.
World’s first black-seeded high yielding mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties ‘NIFA Sikaram-21 and NIFA Spinghar-21’
Authors: Gul Sanat Shah Khattak  , Saeed Iqbal , Shahzad Ahmad  , Muhammad Ibrar  , Muhammad Mansoor  
Published: October 2022

Globally, black-seeded mungbean is cultivated only in Kuram area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) of Pakistan and adjacent areas of Afghanistan. The black-seeded mungbean land-race being cultivated in the area since unknown dates had poor genetic back-ground, and hence, low yield potential and susceptibility to diseases. In order to develop high yielding shiny black-seeded mungbean varieties for Kuram, a cross was attempted between a local Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) susceptible land-race collected from Kuram and later named as Kuram black mung (KBM) and an MYMV resistant black mottled-seeded mutant named as NIFA black mung (NBM) in the kharif season 2014 at the Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. The F1 generation was planted in spring 2015. The F2 to F5 generations were raised in kharif 2016 – spring 2019. Single plants and lines based on shiny black seed coat color, short and medium plant stature, MYMV resistance and high grain yield were selected. Elite short and medium statured lines NBM-2-2-4-5 (NIFA Sikaram-21) and NBM-5-3-7 (NIFA Spinghar-21), respectively, were selected and tested in replicated yield trials along with black-seeded parents and green-seeded check varieties at NIFA and other locations in Kuram. On an average, NIFA Sikaram-21 produced seed yield of 1716 kg ha-1 and NIFA Spinghar-21 1724 kg ha-1 against KBM (880 kg ha-1) with 94% increase over KBM. However, its yield was lower than those of the green-seeded checks as green-seeded mungbean is well adapted to the growing conditions. Shiny black seeds, bold seed size and high grain yield are the distinguishing characters of NIFA Sikaram-21 and NIFA Spinghar-21. Furthermore, these are the first-ever black-seeded mungbean approved varieties in the world. The Provincial Seed Council of the KP approved both varieties in its 40th meeting held on April 07, 2021.
Impact of Succession Planning on Sales Force Performance Under the Mediation of Human Resource Management Practices In Pakistan
Authors: Kakar Sahar Khan , Rehman Saif Ur 
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the effect on sales force performance in Pakistan of succession planning through mediation of human resources. To relate the constructs, a research model was developed in which three relations were hypothesized to be positive and significant. Data was gathered from 450 managerial level employees in the textile sector of Pakistan. There was a cross-sectional analysis. At the person level, an analysis unit was managed. The analysis of data was conducted through techniques such as descriptive statistics, chi-square test, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results of this study could be used as references for future succession planning. This study has contributed to the existing literature as it has found that there is positive relationship between succession planning and organizational sales force performance. It has also contributed and found that human resources practices have a positive impact on the organizational sales force performance. The overall finding of this study is therefore that succession planning by human resource activities has a positive effect on the performance of the organizational sales force.
Pembangunan Ekonomi Dalam Konteks Epistimologi Tawhidi String Relation
Authors: Muhammad Rizal Akbar  
Published: October 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat pembangunan dari perspektif Tawhidi String Relation (TSR). Choudhury (2002) menjelaskan bahwa TSR merupakan epistimologi yang menjadikan Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber pengetahuan yang melahirkan tatanan kehidupan. Pesan tawhid yang tertuang dalam al-quran dan sunah itu disimbolkan dengan (Ω,S), yang selanjutnya melahirkan pengetahuan yang disimbolkan dengan (θ). Pengetahuan itu berinteraksi, integrasi dan berevolusi dengan alam semesta, proses itu disimbolkan dengan X(θ) dan pada akhirnya akan memunculkan fungsi kesejahteraan yakni W (θ, X(θ))
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Anggaran Terhadap Pengembangan Pariwisata di Dinas Kebudayaan, Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga Kota Dumai Tahun 2011
Authors: Tengku Mahesa Khalid  
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan anggaran dalam pengembangan pariwisata di Dinas Kebudayaan, Pariwisata, Pemuda dan olahraga Kota Dumai Tahun 2011. Teknik analisis data yang di gunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengelolaan anggaran berpengaruh positif dalam pengembangan pariwisata, terlihat dengan anggaran yang ada namun beberapa objek wisata yang ada tidak terlihat perbaikan dan perawatannya seperti sarana prasarana di lokasi objek wisata.
Penerapan Hukum Kewarisan Islam Terhadap Sistem Pembagian Warisan Adat Melayu dan Adat Minang di Kota Dumai
Authors: Neneng Desi Susanti  
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka, yang memfokuskan perbandingan antara suku Melayu dan Minang dalam hukum kewarisan. Sistem pembagian harta warisan dalam adat melayu biasanya dilakukan dalam internal keluarga yang dikenal dengan sebutan perdamaian warisan. Sistem kewarisan Islam dengan kewarisan Minangkabau, beserta asas-asas yang terkandung dalam dua sistem kewarisan tersebut, akan terlihat bahwa kedua sistem kewarisan tersebut bertentangan satu sama lain.
Kata kunci: Kewarisan, Melayu, Minang
The fossil record of turtles from the Pleistocene of Crete (Greece)
Authors: VLACHOS Evangelos 
Published: October 2022

The Isle of Crete contains an important endemic fossil fauna that has been studied extensively in the past. An endemic fossil tortoise, Testudo marginata cretensis Bachmayer, Brinkerink & Symeonidis, 1975, had previously been named from Pleistocene cave deposits in the island, presumably being larger than the mainland species and having some important morphological differences as well. In this paper I revise these type specimens and describe for the first time numerous additional fossil specimens from the Pleistocene sites of Gerani IV, Zourida, Koumpes, Liko, Mavro Mouri IV, and Simonelli Caves (near Herakleion), Rethymnon fissure, and from the open site of Sitia in the eastern part of the Island. These specimens belong mostly to the marginated tortoise, but the presence of a terrapin is confirmed as well. These new fossils help to refute the validity of the Cretan subspecies, and change the range of the marginated tortoise during Pleistocene/Holocene times in the southern Balkans.
Identification and discrimination of vowel duration
Authors: Reinholt	Petersen Niels 
Published: October 2022

The identification and discrimination of vowel duration was investigated. The experimental results could not be unambiguously interpreted in favour of either categorial or continuous perception of the acoustic variable under study. Furthermore, the subjects' response bias in the discrimination test was examined. It turned out that the number of "false alarms" (i.e. "different" responses to pairs of physically identical stimuli) varied in a systematic manner, being considerably higher near the phoneme boundary (as established by identification tests) than within the phoneme areas. It is attempted to explain the systematic variation of response bias in terms of Fujisaki and Kawashima's model of the decision process in discrimination tasks.
On the interpretation of raw fundamental frequency tracings
Authors: Thorsen Nina 
Published: October 2022

This paper describes a procedure with which complex raw fundamental frequency (Fo) tracings can be dissolved into their constituent components, namely 1) the intonation contour of the sentence, 2) the Fo patterns associated with stress groups, 3) Fo movements pertaining to individual segments (vowels), 4) intrinsic Fo differences between segments (vowels), and 5) coarticulatory Fo variations. The problems inherent in such a procedure are discussed as are assumptions of underlying physiological production models of and perceptual correlates to the physical signal.
Thoughts on analogy and some problems in interpreting phonological experiments
Authors: Over Paul 
Published: October 2022

An inconclusive pilot study in Danish phonology gives rise to questions about testible differences between explanation by analogical algorithm versus rules. The literature on analogy shows its resistance to valid limitations on its operation in terms of markedness, similarity, or on the basis of purely conceptual or grammatical considerations. It is argued that being the less constrained mechanism, it is inferior as a working hypothesis to rules. It is suggested that the convincing instances of synchronic analogy are special cases where a speaker resorts to a more basic cognitive strategy as ill-defined and hence powerful as our ability to recognize similar aspects of nonidentical complexes.
Form factors for power spectra of vowel nuclei
Authors: Stålhammar Ulf J. 
Published: October 2022

The spectrum of the vowel nucleus is, within the present framework, regarded in terms of 'Form Factor Elements'. One such element is reflected in the structure of formant clusters and may be expressed in terms of bandwidth. It is shown that in two-formant synthesis a vowel can change its identity from /i/ to /e/ (or /y/ to/ø/ with a decreased pole span) simply by an increase of the higher pole bandwidth. Prior to this discovery, and indicating its potential, a fourformant synthesis experiment was conducted. In this part of the investigation the possibility of constructing /e/ vowel spectrum envelopes containing either higher, equal or lower spectral centres of gravity, as compared to envelopes generating the auditory impression of /i/, is demonstrated. N.B. in the process of generating the power spectra for /i/ and /e/, the frequency parameters F4 , F1 and F0 were held constant. The spectrum balance was achieved either by means of only frequency adjustments of F2 and F3 or, with these frequencies "frozen", by amplitude modifications of F2, F3 and F4. The two experiments emanate from an empirically found paradoxical relationship for one female voice between such parameters as Tongue Height plus Fronting versus Second Formant Prime, (F'2) versus Centre of Gravity for the Spectral Components above F1 , (denoted here as G'2). The psychoacoustic evidence obtained focuses the attention towards the development of an "excitation area" theory of perception based on form factors.
Slit height and blowing pressure as parameters conditioning the function of the clarinet as a quasi-quarter-wave resonator
Authors: Bak Niels 
Published: October 2022

Using mechanical blowing applied both to a conventional clarinet and to experimental devices with the same reed excitation mechanism, the author has investigated the relationships referred to as "clarinet embouchure". The results confirm John Backus' statement that "Apparently, the intonation characteristics of the clarinet (and, perhaps, the other woodwinds) depend on more than just the geometry of the instrument" (Backus 1964, p. 2014) .
Acoustic-statistical analysis of voice quality
Authors: Frøkjær-Jensen Børge 
Published: October 2022

The investigation deals with long-time analyses of: (1) fundamental frequency, (2) intensity above 1000 Hz relative to the total intensity, and (3) total intensity. Data are sampled 20 times per second. For each parameter, the mean and the coefficient of variance are calculated. The method seems useful for comparisons of changes in prosody taking place e.g. during voice training. Especially the coefficient of variance seems to be a good measure for the dispersion of pitch, "voice quality" , and intensity.
Temporal relations in Danish tautosyllabic CV sequences with stop consonants
Authors: Fischer-Jørgensen Eli 
Published: October 2022

This paper presents some facts about the duration of closure and open interval in Danish stop consonants (5.1 - 5.2). 5.3 deals specifically with the relation between durations of closure, open interval and following vowel (1) in ptk vs. bdg, (2) depending on place of articulation of the consonant, (3) in connection with long and short vowels, (4) with high and low vowels, and (5) with rounded and unrounded vowels. In section 6 it is discussed whether the relations found are due to compensation within the CV sequence or to specific production mechanisms. It is suggested that only vowel length in (1) may be due to compensation.