bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: A 9-year experience at a single center
Authors: Shen Hsiang-Shi , Lin Fang-Chi , Tung Su-Mei , Chang Chih-Yueh , Chen Yuh-Min , Chao Heng-Sheng 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is valuable for diagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA and cytology in sarcoidosis during the first 9 years at our institution.

Methods:
Patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for suspected sarcoidosis between January 2011 and November 2019 were identified retrospectively. EBUS-TBNA was performed with rapid on-site cytological evaluation of the samples. The final diagnosis was based on the pathology and/or cytology results, radiologic features, and clinical follow-up findings. The yield rate was analyzed annually.

Results:
Eighty patients underwent 83 EBUS-TBNA procedures for suspected sarcoidosis. In total, 136 lymph nodes were sampled. The mean number of lymph node stations sampled was 2.0 ± 0.6; the mean number of needle passes per lymph node was 3.5 ± 0.8. Sixty-five patients were diagnosed with sarcoidosis, with a total of 68 procedures. Nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation was detected in the EBUS-TBNA samples from 49/68 procedures (yield rate: 72.1%). Of 19 patients with sarcoidosis who did not obtain a pathological diagnosis with EBUS-TBNA, epithelioid cells and/or multinuclear giant cells suggestive of granulomatous inflammation were detected in five. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) for pathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis using EBUS-TBNA were 72.1%, 100%, 100%, and 24.0%, respectively. On using cytology, the sensitivity and NPV increased to 79.4% and 26.3%, respectively. The yield rate did not increase until 2016.

Conclusion:
EBUS-TBNA is useful for diagnosing sarcoidosis. Cytology resulted in an additional yield rate of 7.3%, which improved as the number of cases increased.
Reciprocal Donor-recipient Strain Combinations Present Different Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Outcomes in Rodent Models
Authors: Cheng Hui-Yun , Lin Chih-Fan , Anggelia Madonna Rica , Lai Ping-Chin , Shih Ling-Yi , Liu Shiao-Chin , Wei Fu-Chan , Lin Cheng-Hung 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Although vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has been the focus of many animal studies, further research is needed to determine the potential for a generalized model and immunosuppression regimen that applies across different donor-recipient combinations. Herein, we evaluated the outcome of VCAs performed on reciprocal rodent donor-recipient combinations.

Methods:
VCA was performed in rats using Lewis (LEW) and Brown Norway (BN) donor-recipient pairs, under the previously reported anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS)/cyclosporine (CsA)/adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) regimen. Similarly, a published costimulatory blockade (CoB)/rapamycin regimen was performed on the mice VCA model between Balb/C and C57BL/6 strains.

Results:
To accommodate the active behaviours of BN recipients, the allograft had to be modified and inset to the neck instead of to the groin. The tolerogenic regimen did not provide the same benefits for BN rats as it did for LEW recipients. Increasing ALS dose and extending the duration of CsA administration from 10 to 21 days significantly prolonged allograft survival and induced donor-specific tolerance. In mice, the CoB/rapamycin regimen produced inferior VCA outcomes in BALB/c recipients than in C57BL/6 recipients. In both rats and mice, we identified an association between the tolerance outcome and the peripheral chimerism measured on post-operative day (POD) 30.

Conclusion:
Reciprocal donor-recipient combinations led to different responses toward the immunosuppression regimen and varied VCA outcomes. Sustained donor chimerism that remained in circulation for one month after surgery supported long-term VCA survival. Modification of the model and immunosuppression regimen accordingly is recommended.
A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of ketamine’s anxiolytic effects
Authors: Hartland Hannah , Mahdavi Kimia , Jelen Luke A , Strawbridge Rebecca , Young Allan H , Alexander Laith 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubanaesthetic doses of ketamine may be effective in treating symptoms of anxiety, but the time profile of ketamine’s anxiolytic effect is ill-defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials investigated the anxiolytic effect of ketamine at different time points across a range of clinical contexts.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to capture randomised control trials measuring the anxiolytic effects of ketamine across a range of clinical settings including mood disorders, anxiety disorders and chronic pain. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. The correlations between (1) improvements in mean anxiety and depression scores, and (2) peak dissociation and improvements in mean anxiety scores were also assessed.Results14 studies met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was high in 11 studies. Ketamine significantly reduced anxiety scores compared to placebo at the acute (<12 hours; SMD: - 1.07 [95% CI: -1.68, -0.46], p < 0.001), subacute (24 hours; SMD: -0.43 [95% CI: -0.65, -0.22], p < 0.001) and sustained (7-14 days; SMD: -0.43 [95% CI: -0.65, -0.20], p < 0.001) time points. Exploratory analyses revealed improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms correlated at both subacute (R2= 0.621,p= 0.035) and sustained time points (R2= 0.773,p= 0.021). The relationship between peak dissociation and improvement in anxiety was not significant.ConclusionsKetamine appears to offer rapid and sustained relief from anxiety symptoms across a range of clinical settings, with anxiolytic effects occurring within the first 12 hours of administration and remaining effective for one to two weeks. Future studies with improved blinding could explore ketamine maintenance therapy for anxiety.
Sports injuries and illnesses during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games in both athletes and nonathletes in the Zhangjiakou Competition Zone
Authors: Liu Zhen-long , Du Can-can , Gao Jian-li , Hou Yue-yang , Wang Ya-jie , Zhang Yu-han , Jiang Yan-fang , Yang Yu-ping 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the incidences of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Winter Olympic Games, hosted by Beijing in 2022.MethodsWe recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses in athletes and nonathletes in the polyclinic and medical venues documented by the Beijing 2022 medical staff.ResultsIn total, 35,537 athletes and nonathletes were evaluated for injuries and illnesses. The Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 725 injuries and 1119 illnesses comprising 24 injuries and 31 illnesses per 1000 athletes and nonathletes during the Winter Olympic Games. Altogether, 2.4% of the athletes and nonathletes incurred at least one injury and 3.1% had at least one illness. The injury incidence was highest in athletes (14.4%), team officials (8.8%), staff (2.1%), and volunteers (2.1%), and lowest in national and international technical officials (1.5%) and stakeholders (0.3%). The highest incidences of illness were recorded in team officials (7.5%), volunteers (4.8%), and athletes (4.6%). Seventeen percent of the illnesses and injuries affected the oral structures, 15.4% affected the gastrointestinal system, and 10.5% affected the respiratory system.ConclusionThe injury morbidity rate of athletes was 14.4%, and the illness morbidity rate was 4.6%. For nonathletes, the injury morbidity rate was 2.0%, and the illness morbidity rate was 3.1%. The incidences of injuries and illnesses varied substantially among the different categories of participants. Analyses of the injury mechanisms and illness causes in athletes and nonathletes during the Winter Olympic Games are essential to devise better injury and illness prevention strategies.Summary BoxInjury and illness rates have been reported for previous Winter Olympic Games but not for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.Previous studies of Winter Olympic Games focused on injuries in athletes, only. In this study, we evaluated injury and illness rates in both athletes and nonathletes.With the results of this study, we hoped to provide a reference for the formulation of diagnostic and treatment strategies for injuries and illnesses for athletes and nonathletes participating in the Winter Olympic Games.
Expanding the diversity ofAccumulibacterwith a novel type and deciphering the transcriptional and morphological features among co-occurring strains
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Song Wei , Zhang Xue , Zheng Minjia , Li Hao , Yu Ke , Guo Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccumulibacteris the major polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) in global wastewater treatment systems. Its phylogenetic and functional diversity has been continuously updated in recent years. In addition to its widely recognized two sublineages, Types I and II, here we discovered a novel type enriched in laboratory bioreactors. Core gene- and machine learning-based gene feature profiling supported that Type IIIAccumulibacterwas potential PAO with the unique function of using dimethyl sulfoxide as electron acceptor. On the basis of the correlation between the similarity ofppk1and genome, the number ofppk1-representedAccumulibacterspecies was estimated to be over one hundred, suggesting that the currently recognized species are only the tip of the iceberg. Meanwhile, multipleAccumulibacterstrains co-occurring in a bioreactor were investigated for their inter-strain transcriptional and morphological features. Metatranscriptomics of seven co-occurring strains indicated that the expression level and interphasic dynamics of PAO phenotype-related genes had minimal correlation with their phylogeny. In particular, expression of denitrifying and poly-P metabolism genes had higher inter-strain and interphasic divergence compared with glycogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates metabolic genes. A strategy of cloning rRNA genes from different strains based on similar genomic synteny was successfully applied to differentiate their morphology via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our study further expanded the phylogenetic and functional diversity ofAccumulibacter. We also proposed that deciphering the function and capability of certainAccumulibactershould be environment- and population-specific.ImportanceAccumulibacter, as the core functional but uncultured taxa for enhanced biological phosphorus removal, has attracted much attentions on its phylogenetic and functional diversity and intra-genus niche differentiation in the last two decades. It was well-known that this genus had two sub-lineages (Type I and II) since 2002. In this study, a novel type (Type III) with proposed novel functional feature was discovered by the metagenomic approach. By linking average nucleotide identity ofAccumulibactergenomes and the similarity of theppk1sequences, a phylogenetic biomarker that has been largely deposited in database, we estimated that its global species-level diversity was higher than 100. Moreover, as we found the co-occurrence of multipleAccumulibacterstrains in one bioreactor, the simultaneous transcriptional divergence of the co-occurring strains was interesting for understanding their niche differentiation in a single community. The results suggested the decoupling feature between transcriptional pattern with phylogeny for co-occurring strains.
Exploring the interaction between immune cells in the testicular microenvironment of azoospermia combining RNA-seq and scRNA-seq
Authors: Wu YuanYuan , Huang JinGe , Ding Nan , Lu MengHao , Wang Fang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNon-obstructive azoospermia is the most serious cause of male infertility. The testis has a special immunological environment, but the relationship between immune cells in the testicular microenvironment is still unclear. Therefore, it is urgent to identify the interaction mechanism and molecular determinants of immune cells in the testicular microenvironment. To further elucidate the etiology of azoospermia and provide a reference for the treatment of azoospermia. The GSE145467 and GSE9210 datasets were analyzed by Limma package, and then the differential genes were analyzed by enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. In addition, we combined single-cell analysis(scRNA) to identify immune cell types and verified the expression of Hub genes in these immune cells. Finally, CellChat was used for cell-to-cell communication analysis. We found the distribution of immune cells in the microenvironment of Y chromosome AZF region microdeletions (AZFa_Del), idiopathic NOA (iNOA), and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) was significantly different from that of normal adults, especially monocytes/macrophages. In normal subjects, monocytes/macrophages mainly played the role of the signal source, while in patients with azoospermia, monocytes/macrophages mainly received signals from other immune cells. Monocytes/macrophages in AZFa_Del, iNOA, and KS communicated with other immune cells mainly through MDK-LRP1, PTN-NCL, and MDK-NCL ligand-receptor pairs respectively. Our research provides new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of azoospermia.Author SummaryThis article uses the datasets in the public database, including RNA-seq and scRNA-seq. It is a secondary analysis of these databases. Previous studies have found the destruction of Sertoli cells in the testicular microenvironment using scRNA datasets. We have analyzed immune cells in the testicular microenvironment based on previous studies. Found huge changes in macrophages and abnormal macrophages communication through cell communication analysis, The receptor-ligand pairs were screened to provide a basis for the study of macrophages in the testicular microenvironment and the treatment of azoospermia.
‘While my husband was away … ’: Gender and time in the diary of Clara Cornelia van Eijck (1790–1791)
Authors: Verhoeven Gerrit , Paklons Eleonora 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe late eighteenth century has often been portrayed as a pivotal period in the genesis of modern awareness and use of time. Despite this, empirical research to bolster such claims remains relatively thin. The same holds true for gender differences as surprisingly little is known about women's timekeeping and time‐use in early modern Europe. Drawing on evidence from the late eighteenth‐century diary of Clara Cornelia van Eijck, a Dutch burgeres who spent her days in exile in Ghent, this article provides a fresh perspective on some of the key debates on early modern awareness of time.
Hemodialysis treatment for poisoning patients in the emergency department
Authors: Orhan Ugur , Gulen Muge , Satar Salim , Acehan Selen , Nazik Hakan , Unlu Nurdan , Gediklioglu Mustafa , Isikber Cem , Sonmez Ahmet , Sonmez Gökben Oral 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the hemodialysis (HD) use in adult patients after acute poisoning in the emergency department.MethodsThe study was performed as a retrospective observational cohort study. We analyzed hospital electronic data system and patient files.ResultsA total of 55 patients were included in the study. Among the 10 toxins exposed, the most common were methanol and metformin. The most common indications for HD treatment were: 67.3% (n = 37) for toxin elimination, 20% (n = 11) for treatment‐resistant metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic disorder. The most common complication (50.9%) in all patients was central nervous system depression. Ten patients died from ingestion of methanol, one of aluminum phosphide, and one of opioid‐sympathomimetic‐hallucinogen agents.ConclusionHD is the most commonly used extracorporeal treatment method in the treatment of poisoning patients. HD should be considered without any delay in treating poisoned patients if there is no response to conventional treatments.
Correspondence between alcohol use measured by a wrist‐worn alcohol biosensor and self‐report via ecological momentary assessment over a 2‐week period
Authors: Richards Veronica L. , Barnett Nancy P. , Cook Robert L. , Leeman Robert F. , Souza Timothy , Case Stuart , Prins Cindy , Cook Christa , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransdermal alcohol biosensors measure alcohol use continuously, passively, and non‐invasively. There is little field research on the Skyn biosensor, a new‐generation, wrist‐worn transdermal alcohol biosensor, and little evaluation of its sensitivity and specificity and the day‐level correspondence between transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) and number of self‐reported drinks.MethodsParticipants (N = 36; 61% male, M
age = 34.3) wore the Skyn biosensor and completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys about their alcohol use over 2 weeks. A total of 497 days of biosensor and EMA data were collected. Skyn‐measured drinking episodes were defined by TAC > 5 μg/L. Skyn data were compared to self‐reported drinking to calculate sensitivity and specificity (for drinking day vs. nondrinking day). Generalized estimating equations models were used to evaluate the correspondence between TAC features (peak TAC and TAC‐area under the curve (AUC)) and number of drinks. Individual‐level factors (sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, human immunodeficiency virus status, and hazardous drinking) were examined to explore associations with TAC controlling for number of drinks.ResultsUsing a minimum TAC threshold of 5 μg/L plus coder review, the biosensor had sensitivity of 54.7% and specificity of 94.6% for distinguishing drinking from nondrinking days. Without coder review, the sensitivity was 78.1% and the specificity was 55.2%. Peak TAC (β = 0.92, p < 0.0001) and TAC‐AUC (β = 1.60, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with number of drinks. Females had significantly higher TAC levels than males for the same number of drinks.ConclusionsSkyn‐derived TAC can be used to measure alcohol use under naturalistic drinking conditions, additional research is needed to accurately identify drinking episodes based on Skyn TAC readings.
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder in Chinese methamphetamine patients: Prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics
Authors: Liu Siying , Wan Jiaxue , Liang Qilin , Tian Yang , Fan Fusheng , Chen Jiajing , Fu Fabing , Zhu Rongrong , Wei Dejun , Li Yuqing , Tang Shanshan , Wang Dongmei , Cui Lixia , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMethamphetamine (MA) is one of the most common addictive substances and has become the second most commonly used drug worldwide. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to influence the effectiveness of addiction treatment, and there may be overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between OCD and addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of OCD among MA patients.MethodsA total of 457 MA patients were recruited, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale was utilized for OCD symptoms, and the Obsessive‐Compulsive Drug Use Scale was used for MA craving.ResultsThe prevalence of OCD among MA patients was 7.7%. Compared to those patients without OCD, patients with OCD had a longer length of abstinence and higher OCDUS frequency of craving subscale and total scores. Multiple regression showed that longer length of abstinence and higher MA carving were independently associated with OCD in MA patients.Discussion and ConclusionsChinese Han MA patients have a high prevalence of OCD. Some clinical parameters may be associated with OCD in MA patients.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to examine the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates of OCD in MA patients in a Chinese Han population.
Polygynandry and high genetic diversity supported by kinship and population genetics from neotropical catfish ichthyoplankton
Authors: Frantine‐Silva Wilson , Savada Camila Satie , de Almeida Fernanda Simões , Orsi Mário Luís 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKnowledge about reproductive biology is critical for understanding species ecology and evolution, hence their conservation. However, such information remains elusive for many species due to the difficulty of observing mating in nature. Herein, we coupled population and sociogenetic analysis to assess the reproductive biology of an important South American catfish, the “painted catfish” Pimelodus maculatus. We analysed the genetic diversity and kinship patterns of three wild ichthyoplankton samples identified by DNA barcoding and screened with microsatellite loci. We found the same trend in the three samples analysed: a high number unrelated larvae (r < 0.25) and potential parents involved (Ca1, 24♀:24♂; Ca2, 21♀:23♂; Cin, 24♀:25♂), as well as a high number of familial clusters (ML: 19‐21; MCMC: 23‐26). The data indicate a parental sexual proportion close to 1:1 and a polygynandrous mating system. We found high levels of genetic diversity, low GST values (GST < 0.014), but moderate DEST values between the tributary and reservoir samples (DEST > 0.25; Cin x Ca1 or Cin x Ca2), a similar pattern to the observed in adult populations. These results indicate that the mating system of P. maculatus has played an important role in minimising the loss of genetic diversity, a condition that may have favoured the species in a highly fragmented landscape.
Complex patterns shape immune genes diversity during invasion of common raccoon in Europe – Selection in action despite genetic drift
Authors: Konopiński Maciej K. , Fijarczyk Anna M. , Biedrzycka Aleksandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapid adaptation is common in invasive populations and is crucial to their long‐term success. The primary target of selection in the invasive species' new range is standing genetic variation. Therefore, genetic drift and natural selection acting on existing variation are key evolutionary processes through which invaders will evolve over a short timescale. In this study, we used the case of the raccoon Procyon lotor invasion in Europe to identify the forces shaping the diversity of immune genes during invasion. The genes involved in the defence against infection should be under intense selection pressure in the invasive range where novel pathogens are expected to occur. To disentangle the selective and demographic processes shaping the adaptive immune diversity of its invasive and expanding populations, we have developed species‐specific single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers located in the coding regions of targeted immune‐related genes. We characterised the genetic diversity of 110 functionally important immune genes in two invasive and one native raccoon genetic clusters, each presenting a different demographic history. Despite the strong effect of demographic processes in the invasive clusters, we detected a subset of genes exhibiting the diversity pattern suggestive of selection. The most likely process shaping the variation in those genes was balancing selection. The selected genes belong to toll‐like receptors and cytokine‐related genes. Our results suggest that the prevalence of selection depends on the level of diversity, that is – less genetically diverse invasive population from the Czech Republic displayed fewer signs of selection. Our results highlight the role of standing genetic variation in adapting to new environment. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms behind invasion success would enable predicting how populations may respond to environmental change.