bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ measurement of the fragmentation behavior of Al/PTFE reactive materials subjected to explosive loading, Part 1: Fragment size measurements
Authors: Youngblood Stewart H. , Palmer Sean , Avalos Violante David A. , Kimberley Jamie , Hargather Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed optical diagnostics and image analysis methods are applied here to measure the size, velocity, and trajectory of Al/PTFE fragments produced by explosively loading cylindrical specimens. The imaging utilizes high‐speed digital cameras and focused shadowgraphy to capture time‐resolved images of the accelerated fragment field. In Part 1, high‐fidelity fragment size distributions are measured from visual timelines assembled from the high‐speed images through a phase correlation stitching process. The in situ measurements are compared to fragment size distributions measured from images of fragments recovered using a traditional snow soft catch. The two methods show similar size distributions, with the in situ measurement capturing essentially all of the fragment mass whereas the soft catch recovered less than 70 % of the initial sample mass. The fragment mass‐size distributions were fit to a fragmentation model. The model fit showed consistency across tests and a value of the scaling parameter approximately equal to the proposed universal value. In Part 2, a two‐dimensional Kalman filter‐based automated tracking methodology is presented that is used to determine trajectories and velocities of fragments greater than 1 mm. The measured velocities are compared to velocity estimates from the bulk fragment displacement calculated using a phase correlation routine. Bivariate histograms describing the diameter‐velocity variations are presented for the explosive fragmentation and acceleration of these Al/PTFE samples.
Measured efficacy, bioaccumulation, and leaching of a transfluthrin‐based insecticidal paint: a case study with a nuisance, nonbiting aquatic insect
Authors: Cavallaro Michael C. , Sanders Corey J. , Hladik Michelle L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPest management professionals will require a diverse, adaptive abatement toolbox to combat advanced challenges from disease vector and nuisance insect populations. Designed for post‐application longevity, insecticidal paints offer extended residual effects on targeted insect pest populations; a measured understanding of active ingredient bioavailability over time is valuable to fully assess treatment efficacy and potential environmental risks. This study was initiated because a nuisance net‐spinning caddisfly, Smicridea fasciatella, is lowering the quality of life for riverfront residents at the type locality.RESULTSWe tested the efficacy and potential mobility of a transfluthrin‐based paint (a.i. 0.50%), comparing the impacts of UV exposure and substrate texture over time. Direct UV exposure decreased efficacy (β ± S.E. = 0.008 ± 0.001, P < 0.001) and a coarse texture maintained greater efficacy (β ± S.E. = −3.7 ± 1.3, P = 0.004) over time. Notably, the coarse texture + indirect UV treatment maintained 100% mortality after 240 days. UV exposure and substrate texture did not have a significant impact on leachate concentrations over time, and successive immersion tests indicated a two‐phase emission pattern. Bioaccumulation increased with time on the cuticle of dead adult S. fasciatella; after 24 h of direct exposure the concentration of transfluthrin was 25.3 ± 0.9 ng/caddisfly with a maximum concentration of 345 ng/caddisfly after 7 days.CONCLUSIONOur predictions were validated with measured, time‐dependent impacts on efficacy, leachability, and bioaccumulation. Because of the mobility of active ingredient in the environment, insecticidal paints merit low‐impact protocols to improve public health outcomes and environmental safety. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanism of enhanced sensitivity of mutated β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor to amitraz in honeybee Apis mellifera: An insight from MD simulations
Authors: Li Mengrong , Bao Yiqiong , Xu Ran , Zhang Xiaoxiao , La Honggui , Guo Jingjing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmitraz is one of the critical acaricides/insecticides for effective control of pest infestation of Varroa destructor mite, a devastating parasite of Apis mellifera, because of its low toxicity to honeybees. Previous assays verified that a typical G protein‐coupled receptor, β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor (Octβ2R), is the unique target of amitraz, but the honeybee Octβ2R resists to amitraz. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the enhanced sensitivity or toxicity of amitraz to mutated honeybee Octβ2RE208V/I335T/I350V is not fully understood. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to explore the implied mechanism of the enhanced sensitivity to amitraz in mutant honeybee Octβ2R.RESULTSWe found that amitraz binding stabilized the structure of Octβ2R, particularly the intracellular loop 3 associated with the Octβ2R signaling. Then, it was further demonstrated that both mutations and ligand binding resulted in a more rigid and compact amitraz binding site, as well as the outward movement of the transmembrane helix 6, which was a prerequisite for G protein coupling and activation. Moreover, mutations were found to promote the binding between Octβ2R and amitraz. Finally, community analysis illuminated that mutations and amitraz strengthened the residue–residue communication within the transmembrane domain, which might facilitate the allosteric signal propagation and activation of Octβ2R.CONCLUSIONOur results unveiled structural determinants of improved sensitivity in the Octβ2R‐amitraz complex and may contribute to further structure‐based drug design for safer and less toxic selective insecticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the role of CYP1A2 in psoralen/isopsoralen‐induced metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Cai , Fan Song , Zhao Jin‐Quan , Jiang Yan , Sun Jia‐Xing , Li Hui‐Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPsoralen and isopsoralen are the pharmacologically important but hepatotoxic components in Psoraleae Fructus. The purpose of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of psoralen/isopsoralen‐induced hepatotoxicity. Initially, we applied integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in mice treated with psoralen and isopsoralen, highlighting the xenobiotic metabolism by cytochromes P450 as a potential pathway. Then, with verifications of expression levels by qRT‐PCR and western blot, affinities by molecular docking, and metabolic contributions by recombinant human CYP450 and mouse liver microsomes, CYP1A2 was screened out as the key metabolic enzyme. Afterwards, CYP1A2 induction and inhibition models in HepG2 cells and mice were established to verify the role of CYP1A2, demonstrating that induction of CYP1A2 aggravated the hepatotoxicity, and conversely inhibition alleviated the hepatotoxic effects. Additionally, we detected glutathione adducts with reactive intermediates of psoralen and isopsoralen generated by CYP1A2 metabolism in biosystems of recombinant human CYP1A2 and mouse liver microsomes, CYP1A2‐overexpressed HepG2 cells, mice livers and the chemical reaction system using UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS. Ultimately, the high‐content screening presented the cellular oxidative stress and relevant hepatotoxicity due to glutathione depletion by reactive intermediates. In brief, our findings illustrated that CYP1A2‐mediated metabolic activation is responsible for the psoralen/isopsoralen‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Generalization of time‐varying fast initial response for exponentially weighted moving average control charts
Authors: Ajibade Ganiyu Ayodele , Riaz Muhammad , Mohammed Alshahrani , Kuboye John Olusola , Alih Ekele , Ajadi Jimoh Olawale 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor monitoring processes, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts have been found to be very powerful and reliable tools. Meanwhile, some processes require great attention at the startup to ascertain that the processes are free from any disturbances. In this article, we propose a generalized time‐varying fast initial response for EWMA control charts. This chart is a special case of the previously proposed time‐varying EWMA control chart. The proposed scheme is highly sensitive in detecting small shifts in a given process, particularly at the process startup. The proposed chart is compared with its counterparts using the zero state average run length. We also show an application of the proposed EWMA chart to a real‐life situation.
Hemothorax as a complication of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy
Authors: Michimata Haruhiko , Sumi Toshiyuki , Keira Yoshiko , Nagayama Daiki , Koshino Yuta , Watanabe Hiroki , Yamada Yuichi , Tanaka Yusuke , Chiba Hirofumi 
Published: September 2022

Key messageThere are more complications in transbronchial lung cryobiopsy than in a conventional transbronchial lung biopsy. Respiratory endoscopists should be aware of the potential complications, including rare complications such as hemothorax.
Can energy productivity gains harness the carbon dioxide‐inhibiting agenda of the Next 11 countries? Implications for achieving sustainable development
Authors: Murshed Muntasir , Khan Uzma , Khan Aarif Mohammad , Ozturk Ilhan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Next 11 countries are among the world's most rapidy emerging economies that are poised to becoming key drivers of the global economy. Nonetheless, despite progressing economically, these nations have experienced persistent deterioration in their environmental conditions. Hence, this study specifically investigates whether energy productivity gains, controlling for financial inclusion, renewable energy use, economic growth, international trade, and urbanization, can harness the carbon dioxide emissions (CO2E)‐inhibiting objectives of the Next 11 countries. The empirical analysis, using annual data spanning from 2004 to 2020, involves the application of advanced econometric tools that are robust to handling the cross‐sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity‐related issues. The results from the econometric analysis indicate that although energy productivity gains and greater renewable energy consumption reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, making the financial system more inclusive tends to amplify the emission levels. More importantly, energy productivity gains and financial inclusion are observed to jointly reduce the CO2E figures of the Next 11 countries. Thus, it can be said that making more productive use of energy can, to some extent, neutralize the adverse environmenntal impacts of financial inclusion. Additionally, higher economic growth, greater international trade participation, and urbanization are evidenced to boost CO2E in these countries while higher renewable energy use is observed to curb the emission levels. Furthermore, heterogeneous country‐specific outcomes are also witnessed. In particular, energy productivity improvement is seen to curb CO2E in eight of these nations while a simultaneous rise in the levels of energy productivity and financial inclusion is found to jointly mitigate and boost CO2E in 55% and 18% of the Next 11 nations, respectively. Hence, in line with these key findings, a set of critically important environmental development‐related policies are suggested.
Thermal, Mechanical and Optical Studies of Degradable Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Water Hyacinth Fiber Thin Films
Authors: Rani Seema , Gulati Kapil , Raghav Neera , Arora Sanjiv 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe focus of the present study has been to interpret thermal, mechanical, optical and bio‐degradation properties of water hyacinth fiber/carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. WHF/CMC−Na salt/PVA composites were prepared with different fiber loadings of 5 %, 7.5 %, 10 %, 12.5 % and 15 % by solution casting technique. Thermal degradation of the composites were studied at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 in nitrogen atmosphere. Degradation activation energies were calculated by using single heating rate kinetic methods viz. Broido, Horowitz‐Metzger and Coats‐Redfern. Thermal stability of composites with WHF‐5 % incorporation is increased for both the degradation stages and is also supported from activation energy data. Degradation of composites was studied in soil and compost environment. WHF‐5 % composites showed highest degradation in soil environment. Tensile strength and Young's Modulus was also evaluated for the films. Based on thermal, mechanical, degradable and optical properties, different applications of the films have been worked out.
Temperature‐Modulated Selective Detection of Part‐per‐Trillion NO2 Using Platinum Nanocluster Sensitized 3D Metal Oxide Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Song Zhilong , Tang Wenying , Chen Zhesi , Wan Zhu'an , Chan Chak Lam Jonathan , Wang Chen , Ye Wenhao , Fan Zhiyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemiconductor chemiresistive gas sensors play critical roles in a smart and sustainable city where a safe and healthy environment is the foundation. However, the poor limits of detection and selectivity are the two bottleneck issues limiting their broad applications. Herein, a unique sensor design with a 3D tin oxide (SnO2) nanotube array as the sensing layer and platinum (Pt) nanocluster decoration as the catalytic layer, is demonstrated. The Pt/SnO2 sensor significantly enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of NO2 detection by strengthening the adsorption energy and lowering the activation energy toward NO2. It not only leads to ultrahigh sensitivity to NO2 with a record limit of detection of 107 parts per trillion, but also enables selective NO2 sensing while suppressing the responses to interfering gases. Furthermore, a wireless sensor system integrated with sensors, a microcontroller, and a Bluetooth unit is developed for the practical indoor and on‐road NO2 detection applications. The rational design of the sensors and their successful demonstration pave the way for future real‐time gas monitoring in smart home and smart city applications.
Multistage‐Responsive Gene Editing to Sensitize Ion‐Interference Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Gas Therapy
Authors: Li Yayao , Pan Yongchun , Chen Chao , Li Zekun , Du Shiyu , Luan Xiaowei , Gao Yanfeng , Han Xin , Song Yujun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a promising therapeutic modality targeting cancer, gas therapy still faces critical challenges, especially in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and avoiding gas poisoning risks. Here, a pH/glutathione (GSH) dual stimuli‐responsive CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing nanoplatform combined with calcium‐enhanced CO gas therapy for precise anticancer therapy, is established. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the fast biodegradation of the CaCO3 layer via pH‐induced hydrolyzation allows glucose oxidase (GOx) to catalyze glucose for H2O2 production, which further reacts with manganese carbonyl (MnCO) and achieves the precise release of CO gas. Simultaneously, in situ Ca2+ overload from CaCO3 degradation disturbs mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, resulting in Ca2+‐driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway activation. Subsequently, by GSH‐induced cleavage of a disulfide bond, the released Cas9/sgRNA (RNP) can achieve nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene ablation to sensitize gas therapy by interfering with ROS signaling. This therapeutic modality endows codelivery of CRISPR, ions, and gas with smart control features, which demonstrates great potential for future clinical applications in precise nanomedicine.
Assessment of parameters influencing the behavior of statically indeterminate reinforced concrete slabs and beams under fire conditions
Authors: Bischof Patrick , Morf Urias , Kaufmann Walter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of material properties, boundary conditions, and related modeling and design uncertainties on the fire behavior of statically indeterminate reinforced concrete beams and slabs by means of a parametric study based on a comprehensive model. This model uses material properties specified by EN 1992‐1‐2, complemented by considerations concerning the biaxial compressive strength of concrete, strain hardening and limitations of the ultimate strain of reinforcement, as well as tension stiffening. The parametric study identifies and explains the most influential parameters governing the fire behavior of statically indeterminate reinforced concrete beams and slabs. The implementation and generalization of these parameters are evaluated and compared to current design rules in EN 1992‐1‐2 derived from the evaluation of experimental testing and real fire cases. Overall, the detailing rules given in EN 1992‐1‐2 are found to be reasonably safe, and they can be easily used for practical applications. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that model predictions for the studied statically indeterminate systems are subject to considerable uncertainty because (i) information on the used material is possibly incomplete and (ii) the models given in design codes do not (or only insufficiently) cover all relevant aspects of the thermo‐mechanical behavior. Specifically, the concrete aggregate type with its corresponding thermal expansion, the strain hardening properties of the reinforcement and tension stiffening with its detrimental effect on the ductility of the tension chord may affect the rating across several standard fire resistance times of statically indeterminate reinforced concrete members subjected to bending.
Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in Spain
Authors: Iván Mato , María Pérez , Gorka Aduriz , Pere Ordis , Javier Diéguez Fco. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report a case of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in a mixed herd (ovine/bovine). The case occurred in the Basque Country (north of Spain) in April 2021. The infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in a calf that had developed signs consistent with the ‘head and eye’ form of the disease. Just before its appearance, a group of five calves born at the farm (including the affected one), aged between 8 and 12 months, were temporarily housed in a pen adjacent to the sheep shed, and separated by a metallic fence that allowed direct contact. In Spain, there are no data on the incidence of malignant catarrhal fever, as there is no active surveillance programme in place. Furthermore, the disease is uncommonly considered in differential diagnoses.
A device to collect passive, flow‐weighted water samples from surface runoff
Authors: Maris Jacob O. , Stewart Ryan D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObtaining water quality samples from surface runoff is essential for understanding erosion and pollutant transport processes. Existing water sampling devices are expensive, require installation of extensive infrastructure or power supplies, or have limited ability to collect flow‐weighted samples. We created an inexpensive, nonpowered, flow‐weighted water sampling device that can be incorporated into runoff quantification systems like the Upwelling Bernoulli Tube (UBeTube). Our device, called the Holey Sampler, consists of a standpipe with holes drilled at specific heights. Water enters the standpipe in proportion to the water flow rate through the UBeTube and is routed to an external collection bottle. We built and tested two versions of the Holey Sampler that sampled water at an approximate ratio of 1:250 of the runoff rate. The Standard Opening Holey Sampler (Standard‐OHS) configuration was made with 1.6‐mm‐diam. holes, whereas the Miniature Opening Holey Sampler (Mini‐OHS) configuration was designed to prevent oversampling at low outflows but required drill bit of smaller diameter (0.8‐mm). Laboratory and numerical experiments demonstrated that both configurations obtained accurate flow‐weighted runoff samples when incorporated into the UBeTube. Flow rates in the Mini‐OHS were better correlated with runoff rates under constant‐flow (R2 = .992 vs. .965 for the Standard‐OHS) and variable‐flow conditions (R2 = .996 vs. .954 for the Standard‐OHS). Further modification of the Holey Sampler could also allow flow‐weighted sampling of other runoff quantification devices like flumes and weirs.
Optimal gust wind energy capture using critical tracking frequency for wind turbines
Authors: Li Kai Ming , Chan Hosea , Chan Chun Man 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGusty wind in urban areas contains significant energy potential that can be harnessed, but the existing wind turbine rotor speed control systems based on continuous wind speed tracking have a noticeable response delay as compared to the duration of the common short gusts, inducing a significant deficit in harnessed excess energy content (EEC) from gusty wind. This work scrutinizes the energy content distribution among the gusty wind components and their differential impacts on the control response to identify factors to improve response timeliness. Cross‐correlation spectrum analysis between the wind turbine response and the local wind spectrum was used to identify the critical tracking frequency that can significantly reduce the average response delay of wind turbines in gusty wind conditions while maximizing the gust energy harvesting ability was developed and validated by various time‐domain simulation results. Combining the critical tracking frequency with the theoretical estimation of the EEC of a wind turbine, the expected EEC harnessing ability of a wind turbine can be estimated before installation. For the sample Savonius wind turbine in this work, the response delay of the wind turbine was shortened by 65%, leading to 25% more harnessed EEC from gusty wind.
Extensive Investigation of High‐Pressure Tungsten Dioxide β‐WO2
Authors: Ziegler Raimund , Reimann Maximilian K. , Lammer Nadine , Rendenbach Bettina , Johrendt Dirk , Pöttgen Rainer , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRed single crystals of β‐WO2 were synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 13.1 GPa and 1693 K in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus. β‐WO2 crystallizes in the space group Pnma (Z=12) with the lattice parameters a=9.7878(5), b=8.4669(4), c=4.7980(2) Å, and V=397.62(3) Å3. The structure consists exclusively of WO6 octahedra, forming a twinned distorted rutile type structure. Temperature dependent X‐ray powder diffraction measurements at normal pressure conditions revealed an irreversible phase transition from β‐WO2 to α‐WO2 between 1173 and 1223 K. Magnetic measurements showed weakly positive susceptibility values which increase to lower temperatures. This is caused by traces of paramagnetic impurities. DFT calculations predict β‐WO2 to be a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of about 0.6 eV.