bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A grid reinforcement approach for an optimized planning of high‐voltage distribution grids under consideration of line loading indicators
Authors: Miller Markus , Rudion Krzysztof , Nägele Haiko , Schnaars Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new time‐series‐based approach for the planning of high‐voltage distribution grids, with the aim to use the existing grid structure in the best possible way and to enable an optimal integration of renewable energies sources (RES) into the existing grid structure. For planning the grid, the required grid reinforcements should be carried out in a clearly defined manner and should be targeted to be as low as possible. For this purpose, first the developed planning method determines the line loading indicators from the number and severity of line overloadings in the time‐series‐based contingency analysis while also considering the line losses as well as the average line loading in the normal state. Then, these indicators will be used in the planning approach to automatically carry out suitable grid reinforcements and expansion measures until the grid fulfils the (n−1)‐security. This planning approach also considers the information about the grid topology, such as free‐circuits in the line route and line towers for two or four circuits, for an efficient and technically feasible grid expansion. In the end, the capability of each line loading indicators used in this work is also validated by performing an economic comparison of necessary grid reinforcement.
The chemical footprint of AGN feedback in the outflowing circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068
Authors: Huang K.-Y. , Viti S. , Holdship J. , García-Burillo S. , Kohno K. , Taniguchi A. , Martn S. , Aladro R. , Fuente A. , Sánchez-García M. 
Published: March 2022

Context. In the nearby (D = 14 Mpc) AGN-starburst composite galaxy NGC 1068, it has been found that the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND) is outflowing, which is a manifestation of ongoing AGN feedback. The outflowing gas has a large spread of velocities, which likely drive different shock chemistry signatures at different locations in the CND.
Aims. We performed a multiline molecular study using two shock tracers, SiO and HNCO, with the aim of determining the gas properties traced by these two species, and we explore the possibility of reconstructing the shock history in the CND.
Methods. Five SiO transitions and three HNCO transitions were imaged at high resolution 0.​​″5 − 0.​​″8 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We performed both LTE and non-LTE radiative transfer analysis coupled with Bayesian inference process in order to characterize the gas properties, such as the molecular gas density and gas temperature.
Results. We found clear evidence of chemical differentiation between SiO and HNCO, with the SiO/HNCO ratio ranging from greater than one on the east of CND to lower than 1 on the west side. The non-LTE radiative transfer analysis coupled with Bayesian inference confirms that the gas traced by SiO has different densities – and possibly temperatures – than that traced by HNCO. We find that SiO traces gas affected by fast shocks while the gas traced by HNCO is either affected by slow shocks or not shocked at all.
Conclusions. A distinct differentiation between SiO and HNCO has been revealed in our observations and our further analysis of the gas properties traced by both species confirms the results of previous chemical modelings.
State-of-the-Art-Bildgebung des Rektumkarzinoms
Authors: Schäfer Arnd-Oliver 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Rektumkarzinom zählt zu den aggressiven Krebsarten, da es zur Ausbildung von Metastasen und Rezidiven neigt. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand das Konzept der risikoadaptierten
Patientenselektion zu multimodalen Therapien. Das Portfolio der Auswahlkriterien wird durch die differenzierte Analyse neuester Daten kontinuierlich angepasst, wobei die spezialisierte MRT
als Gatekeeper im Zentrum der Therapieentscheidung steht.
Eigenfettinjektion bei Rhizarthrose: 5 Jahresergebnisse bei 42 Patienten
Authors: Herold Christian , Lange Janina , Rennekampff Hans Oliver , Allert Sixtus , Meyer Marcotty Max 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die bislang publizierten Kurzzeitergebnisse nach Eigenfetttransplantation zur Therapie der Rhizarthrose waren vielversprechend. Bisher lagen aber noch keine
Langzeitergebnisse über 5 Jahre vor.
Methoden In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 42 Patienten über einen durchschnittlichen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren nachuntersucht. Es war eine manuelle Liposuktion und eine Zentrifugation
der Fetttransplantate erfolgt. Nachuntersucht wurden Schmerzen nach NAS, Kraft des Faustschlusses und des Pinch-Griffes sowie eine Analyse mithilfe des DASH-Scores.
Ergebnisse Die Schmerzen im gesamten Patientengut konnten von 8,0 ± 1, 6 auf 4,0 ± 3,0 5 Jahre nach Eigenfetttransplantation reduziert werden. Die Kraft des Grobgriffes betrug 71%
und des Pinch-Griffes 60% im Vergleich zu der nicht operierten Seite präoperativ. Die Kraft konnte durch die Eigenfettinjektion verbessert werden. Die Kraft des Grobgriffes betrug 100% und
die des Pinch-Griffes 96% im Vergleich zu der nicht operierten Seite zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt. Die Verbesserungen des DASH-Scores zeigten sich in vergleichbarer Weise. Die
Schmerzreduktion sowohl bei Belastung als auch in Ruhe, die Verbesserungen der Greifkraft sowohl für den Pinch-Griff als auch für die Grobkraft und des DASH-Scores waren statistisch
signifikant. Komplikationen traten nicht auf.
Zusammenfassung Die Eigenfetttransplantation ist eine echte Alternative zur Trapezektomie bei der Therapie der Rhizarthrose – auch im Langzeitverlauf. Die geringe Invasivität der
Prozedur und die schnelle Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten im Vergleich zu Resektionsarthroplastiken und die deutlich besseren Langzeitergebnisse in Vergleich zu anderen Injektionstherapien
erlauben es, die Eigenfetttransplantation als First-Line-Therapie bei der Daumensattelgelenksarthrose anzubieten, da sie stabile Langzeitergebnisse und eine hohe Patientenzufriedenheit
bietet.
Arzt und Gesellschaft: Zum Wandel des Berufsbildes Arzt in der Mitte
des 19. Jahrhunderts, ein sozialmedizinisches Konzept von Salomon
Neumann
Authors: Gostomzyk Johannes 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer ärztliche Beruf ist kein Gewerbe, er ist seiner Natur nach ein freier
Beruf. (Bundesärzteordnung). Die Institution Arztpraxis und der
Arztberuf unterliegen jedoch jeweils aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen,
derzeit besonders geprägt von den Regeln der Gesundheitsökonomie
und der Digitalisierung. Salomon Neumann, er gilt mit Rudolf Virchow als
Begründer der Sozialmedizin in Deutschland, veröffentlichte 1847
die Vision der Befreiung akademisch ausgebildeter Ärzte aus der
für Handwerker und andere Berufe geltenden Gewerbeordnung. Er
konzipierte, auf der für öffentliches Handeln geltenden Basis
von Recht und Vernunft, die Gründung einer Assoziation, einer neuen
Standesvertretung der bisher isoliert tätigen Ärzte in Freiheit,
solidarischer Ordnung und Selbstverwaltung. Das Scheitern der
bürgerlichen Revolution 1849 mit anschließender
gesellschaftlicher Restauration verzögerten innovative Entwicklungen.
Die Professionalisierung der Ärzteschaft beginnt mit der Bildung eines
ärztlichen Einheitsstandes 1852, der Bildung von Ärztekammern in
den 1860er Jahren, der Gründung des Deutschen Ärztevereinsbundes
1872 als Dachorganisation und der Gründung von
Landesärztekammern 1948 als Körperschaften öffentlichen
Rechts.
Characteristics of Interferon-Associated Diabetes Mellitus in Past 30 Years: A Review
Authors: Wang Linghuan , Chen Kang , Wang Meirong , Lv Zhaohui , Gu Weijun , Wang Xianling , Ni Qi , Mu Yiming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterferon (IFN) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that activates cell surface receptors and causes cells to produce antiviral proteins, inhibiting viral replication. Interferon use has long been associated with diabetes. The PubMed database was searched for articles related to diabetes and interferon from March 30, 2020. Patients were divided into type 1 diabetes group and type 2 diabetes group. We reviewed the relevant literature to compare interferon-associated T1D and interferon-associated T2D differences. Interferon treatment shortened the incubation period of T2D and changed the original T2D to T1D. The onset of interferon-associated T1D required longer periods of IFN treatment than interferon-associated T2D, and the interferon-associated T1D group had higher GADA positive rates, lower BMI, lower fasting blood glucose, and greater insulin dependence (p<0.05). More patients in the T1D group were positive for HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*03, DRB1*09, DRB1*14, HLA-DQB1*04, HLA-DQB1*02, HLA-DQB1*03, and HLA-DQB1*05. The combined detection of GAD antibodies and HLA alleles may be an effective method to predict the incidence of T1D after IFN treatment.
Global Research Trends in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from 2000 to
2020: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Wei Fengxiang , Chen Xiaohang , Chen Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims This study analyzed major trends and topics in the field of
gestational diabetes mellitus research between 2000 and 2020.
Methods Studies that investigated gestational diabetes mellitus published
between 2000 and 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection
database. Data from the identified studies were analyzed using CiteSpace
software.
Results A total of 22,713 publications were retrieved, among which 21,722
publications were included in this scientometric analysis. Clustering analysis
revealed 13 themes across all fields. Physical activity is an emerging trend.
Co-word analysis showed that subject high-frequency keywords were: risk factor,
obesity, insulin resistance, prevalence, and association. Centrality indices
identified the most influential keywords to be: body mass index, risk factors,
gestational weight gain, and obesity. Burst keywords revealed that there were
six research frontier subtopics: i) prediction of adverse neonatal outcomes in
gestational diabetes mellitus; ii) postpartum period research – blood
glucose levels and insulin resistance; iii) meta-analysis –
understanding the best evidence in pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus; iv)
gene expression profiles and DNA methylation in gestational diabetes mellitus;
v) biomarkers for predicting higher birth and children weights; and vi)
discussion on diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus
classification.
Conclusion The number of studies on gestational diabetes mellitus is
increasing. For two decades, the United States has been the global leader in the
number of published studies. Studies on gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly
from developed countries, with a few of them being from developing countries. An
emerging field of research aims at elucidating the association between physical
activity and gestational diabetes mellitus.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Bone Health: State of the Art and New Recognized Links
Authors: Mendonça Fernando , Soares Raquel , Carvalho Davide , Freitas Paula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective therapy for severe obesity, which improves several comorbidities (such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others) and results in marked weight loss. Despite these consensual beneficial effects, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (the two main bariatric techniques) have also been associated with changes in bone metabolism and progressive bone loss. The objective of this literature review is to examine the impact of bariatric surgery on bone and its main metabolic links, and to analyze the latest findings regarding the risk of fracture among patients submitted to bariatric surgery.
Epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: a population-based study in the Netherlands
Authors: Reumkens Ankie , Sastrowijoto Prapto , Grabsch Heike I. , Goudkade Danny , le Clercq Chantal , Bakker Minke , Keulen Eric , de Ridder Rogier , de Herder Wouter W. , Winkens Bjorn , Sanduleanu Silvia , de Vos-Geelen Judith , Masclee Ad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) account for a small number of colorectal neoplasms. Endoscopic detection is essential for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Little is known about incidence of NENs in colonoscopy populations or the relationship between clinical, endoscopic and histopathologic features. We evaluated epidemiology, endoscopic and clinical characteristics of colorectal NENs in a population-based cohort.
Patients and methods Medical records of NEN cases were cross-linked with the national pathology database from January 2001 to December 2015, in South Limburg County, the Netherlands, covering four endoscopy units. Senior pathologists reviewed and classified NENs using World Health Organization 5th edition (2019) guidelines.
Results The number of colorectal NEN diagnoses was stable over time with 0.6 NEN per 1,000 patients. A total of NENs were detected in 85 patients: 65 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and 20 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Rectal NETs were usually small sessile/submucosal lesions with yellowish (lipoma-like) color. Colonic NETs were larger sessile/submucosal lesions with darker color compared to background. Colorectal NECs presented as large, dark-colored lesions with ulcerated/necrotizing areas.
Conclusions Our population-based data point to a stable and low incidence of 0.6 NEN per 1,000 patients in the Netherlands. Rectal NETs mainly present as small sessile yellowish lesions. Colonic NETs present as larger and darker lesions than background mucosa and NECs as darker lesions than background with ulceration/necrosis. Standardized endoscopic characterization of colorectal NENs is necessary to improve recognition of these lesions and provide a basis for evidence-based treatment and surveillance recommendations.
Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Annulation Cascade Reaction of N-Chlorobenzamides with 2-Acetylenic Ketones at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Yong , Wu Zhouping , Zheng Qinwen , Lv Guanghui , Lai Ruizhi , Hu Yao , Hai Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA mild cascade annulation of Co(III)-catalyzed N-chlorobenz­amides with 2-acetylenic ketones at room temperature is reported. This reaction sets N–Cl bond of N-chlorobenzamide as an internal oxidant, displaying broad functional group tolerance and excellent reverse selectivity of alkyne insertion under mild and safe conditions. The cascade reaction offers a straightforward and mild protocol to construct isoquinolones in high yields at room temperature.
The Povarov Reaction: A Versatile Method to Synthesize Tetrahydroquinolines, Quinolines and Julolidines
Authors: de Fátima Ângelo , Fernandes Sergio Antonio , Ferreira de Paiva Walysson , de Freitas Rego Yuri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe multicomponent Povarov reaction represents a powerful approach for the construction of substances containing N-heterocyclic frameworks. By using the Povarov reaction, in addition to accessing tetrahydroquinolines, quinolines and julolidines in a single step, it is possible to form the following new bonds: two Csp 3–Csp 3 and one Csp 3–Nsp 3, two Csp 2–Csp 2 and one Csp 2–Nsp 2, and four Csp 3–Csp 3 and two Csp 3–Nsp 1, respectively. This short review discusses the main features of the Povarov reaction, including its mechanism, the reaction scope by employing different catalysts and substrates, as well as stereoselective versions.1 Introduction2 Mechanism of the Povarov Reaction3 Tetrahydroquinolines4 Quinolines5 Julolidines6 Concluding Remarks
Ionic Liquid Driven Nucleophilic Substitution of Squaric Acid to Squaramides
Authors: Acharasatian Peera , Soonthonhut Siraporn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolubility is a crucial encumbrance for the synthesis of squaramides through nucleophilic substitution of squaric acid. The reactions must be performed in an aqueous medium since squaric acid is insoluble in virtually all organic solvents. The scope of amine nucleophiles was consequently restricted to those amines soluble in water. Owing to remarkable solvating ability of ionic liquid, reactions of squaric acid with a variety of structurally diverse amine nucleophiles were achieved. Interestingly, a catalyst-free reaction in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [bmim]Cl could produce squaramides up to 99% yield. With the same efficacies, [bmim]Cl could be reused for at least three cycles. The catalyst-free, ionic liquid mediated approach expanded the reactant scope and offered a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly synthesis of squaramides.
Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy: Cardiac Troponin Assessment
Authors: Kotsis Thomas , Christoforou Panagitsa , Tsekoura Dorothea , Nastos Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is an eversion carotid endarterectomy (eCEA) complication, but most events are unknown, and true incidence and correlation remain controversial. Routine cardiac troponin measurement is a commonly used method for assessing early identification and treatment of MI and stratifying high-risk patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of troponin elevation levels following eCEA and to investigate a possible correlation between adverse cardiovascular events and the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction following emergent vascular surgery. The study included 54 patients who underwent eCEA. High-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI) levels were routinely monitored pre- and postoperatively, with an upper reference range of 34.5 pg/mL for men and 15.6 pg/mL for women. Increases were correlated with demographic and clinical risk factors, as well as clinical or subclinical cardiovascular events. hsTnI was increased in percentage (13%) postoperatively, and non-ST segment elevation MI was diagnosed in eight patients. No patient had clinical symptoms of MI and only two of them presented with simultaneous electrocardiographic changes. Increased levels did not correlate with comorbidities or other surgical risk factors. hsTnI elevation may occur in patients after eCEA and mostly correlates with silent non-ST segment elevation MI that occurred in the early postoperative phase, indicating a possible value as a tool for cardiovascular event diagnosis during the patient's hospitalization.
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Ulcers of Lower Limbs: Ultrasound Findings in 156 Patients
Authors: Garavello Alberto , Gilardi Stefania , Fiamma Paola , Toti Valentina , Tozzi Massimo , Fransvea Pietro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVenous ulcers (VUs) of lower limbs affect 1% of Western population. In most cases, ultrasounds show only superficial venous insufficiency (SVI), but a deep venous insufficiency (DVI) may also be present without a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). To assess SVI and DVI in DVT-positive and DVT-negative patients with VU, a retrospective cohort of 123 patients entered the study (50 male and 73 female, minimum age 29 years and maximum age 90 years, and mean 70.6 years). In 56 patients (45.5%), ulcer was on the right leg, in 52 (42.3%) on the left leg, and in 15 patients (12.2%), ulcer was bilateral, resulting in a total number of 138 limbs in the study. Sixty-six patients suffered DVT, while in 72 anamnesis was negative. Color duplex ultrasound was performed on both limbs, which revealed insufficiencies of superficial and/or deep veins in 18 limbs which had not been affected by an ulcer or a previous DVT. So the study was on 156 limbs. SVI were substantially overlapping in two groups (p-value = 0.593), while combined SVI and DVI was 72.5% in DVT positive limbs (p-value = 0.001). In 70% of cases with a femoral vein insufficiency (p-value = 0.036) or popliteal vein insufficiency (PVI) (p-value 0,003), a DVT history was present. Of 18 limbs, although not affected by ulcer or previous DVT, eight were positive for DVI (two femoral veins and six popliteal veins). In the patient with VU, the history of DVT is a strong predictor of DVI insufficiency. In DVT-positive patients with ulcer, the number of “combined superficial and deep insufficiencies” appears to be particularly significant and surgical treatment must take this into account. A previous DVT has a low impact on great and small saphenous insufficiencies in ulcer patients; these were substantially overlapping in DVT-positive and DVT-negative patients. The 18 limbs with DVI and SVI without ulcer and DVT history were unexpected result. We think these patients must have a close follow-up to avoid the onset of a VU.
Association between Family Functionality, Sociodemographic Factors, and Severity of Depression in Women with Infertility Attending a Gynecology Clinic in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Rufai Ahmad Idris , Grema Bukar Alhaji , Bello Musa Muhammad , Michael Godpower Chinedu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background Depression is a common psychological disorder in women with infertility, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Little attention is currently given to depression by health care providers who manage infertility, and there is a scarcity of studies on depression among women with infertility in northern Nigeria.

Objective This study aimed at assessing the association between family functionality, sociodemographic factors, and depression severity in women with infertility attending a gynecology clinic in northwest Nigeria.

Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 415 females systematically selected from women with infertility attending a gynecology clinic in a Nigerian hospital. They were interviewed using Beck's Depression Inventory and Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve) questionnaires over 12 weeks. Data regarding participants' sociodemographic and infertility characteristics were also collected. The association between categorical variables was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The determinants of depression severity were assessed using logistic regression analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results The mean age of respondents was 30.9 ± 6.6 years; the prevalence of depression was 44.6% (32.5% were of mild severity). Most families (73.5%) were highly functional. Association between family functionality and depression severity was not statistically significant (chi-square =5.143, p = 0.259). Respondents' religion (chi-square = 10.813, p = 0.029), education (chi-square = 36.835, p = 0.001), and monthly income (chi-square = 9.261, p = 0.010) were associated with depression severity. Being a Muslim (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–5.6, p = 0.001) and having formal education (OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 4.7–16.5, p = 0.001) were determinants of depression severity.

Conclusion The prevalence of depression was high among the respondents. Although no association was found between family functionality and depression severity, respondents who are Muslims or had formal education were at increased risk of depression. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for depression and holistic care is required to manage women with infertility.