bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Sequence and Transcriptome Analysis of the Medicinal Fungus Keithomyces neogunnii
Authors: Long Liangkun , Liu Zhen , Deng Chunying , Li Chuanhua , Wu Liangliang , Hou Beiwei , Lin Qunying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The filamentous fungus Keithomyces neogunnii can infect the larvae of Lepidoptera (Hepialus sp.) and form an insect–fungi complex, which is utilized as an important traditional Chinese medicine. As a valuable medicinal fungus, K. neogunnii produces diverse bioactive substances (e.g., polysaccharide, vitamins, cordycepic acid, and adenosine) under cultivation conditions. Herein, we report the first high-quality genome of the K. neogunnii single-spore isolate Cg7.2a using single-molecule real-time sequencing technology in combination with Illumina sequencing. The assembled genome was 32.6 Mb in size, containing 8,641 predicted genes and having a GC content of 52.16%. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the maximum number of differentially expressed genes in the fungus during the stroma formation stage compared with those during the mycelium stage. These data are valuable to enhance our understanding of the biology, development, evolution, and physiological metabolism of K. neogunnii.
mTOR pathway repressing expression of FoxO3 is a potential mechanism involved in neonatal white matter dysplasia
Authors: Liu Xiuyun , Dong Chen , Liu Kaiyi , Chen Huiyao , Liu Bo , Dong Xinran , Qian Yanyan , Wu Bingbing , Lin Yifeng , Wang Huijun , Yang Lin , Zhou Wenhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neonatal white matter dysplasia (NWMD) is characterized by developmental abnormity of CNS white matter, including abnormal myelination. Besides environmental factors such as suffocation at birth, genetic factors are also main causes. Signaling pathway is an important part of gene function and several signaling pathways play important roles in myelination. Here, we performed genetic analysis on a cohort of 138 patients with NWMD and found that 20% (5/25) cause genes which referred to 28.57% (8/28) patients enriched in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Depletion of mTOR reduced genesis and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) during embryonic stage and reduced myelination in corpus callosum besides cerebellum and spinal cord during early postnatal stages which is related to not only differentiation but also proliferation of oligodendrocyte (OL). Transcriptomic analyses indicated that depletion of mTOR in OLs upregulated expression of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), which is a repressor of expression of myelin basic protein, and downregulating expression of FoxO3 by short interfering RNA promoted OPCs develop into MBP+ OLs. Thus, our findings suggested that mTOR signaling pathway is NWMD-related pathway and mTOR is important for myelination of the entire CNS during early developmental stages through regulating expression of FoxO3 at least partially.
The Negative Effect of Preexisting Immunity on Influenza Vaccine Responses Transcends the Impact of Vaccine Formulation Type and Vaccination History
Authors: Moritzky Savannah A , Richards Katherine A , Glover Maryah A , Krammer Florian , Chaves Francisco A , Topham David J , Branche Angela , Nayak Jennifer L , Sant Andrea J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The most effective measure to induce protection from influenza is vaccination. Thus, yearly vaccination is recommended, which, together with infections, establishes diverse repertoires of B cells, antibodies, and T cells. We examined the impact of this accumulated immunity on human responses in adults to split, subunit, and recombinant protein-based influenza vaccines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays, to quantify serum antibodies, and peptide-stimulated CD4 T-cell cytokine ELISpots revealed that preexisting levels of hemagglutinin (HA)-specific antibodies were negatively associated with gains in antibody postvaccination, while preexisting levels of CD4 T cells were negatively correlated with vaccine-induced expansion of CD4 T cells. These patterns were seen independently of the vaccine formulation administered and the subjects’ influenza vaccine history. Thus, although memory CD4 T cells and serum antibodies consist of components that can enhance vaccine responses, on balance, the accumulated immunity specific for influenza A H1 and H3 proteins is associated with diminished future responses.
Utility of Induced Sputum in Assessing Bacterial Etiology for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Green Amanda , Cockroft Jody L , Kaufman Robert A , McCullers Jonathan A , Arnold Sandra R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic testing for bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is insensitive. Induced sputum (IS) is an attractive option for the evaluation of the lower respiratory tract.

Methods
Children aged 0-18 years with CAP were enrolled in the Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study between 2010 and 2012. Blood and respiratory specimens were assessed by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The radiographic CAP was determined by a study radiologist. Sputum was induced with hypertonic saline. IS specimen was high quality (HQ) if Gram stain showed &gt;25 white blood and &lt;10 epithelial cells per low-powered field; all others were low quality (LQ). We compared IS pathogen prevalence between HQ and LQ IS, and by radiographic pneumonia. Pathogen concordance with EPIC etiology was assessed. Length of stay (LOS) was compared by receipt of IS pathogen-concordant antibiotics.

Results
Out of 977 children, 916 (94%) children enrolled in Memphis, Tennessee, produced IS; 794 (87%) had radiographic CAP and 174 (19%) were HQ. HQ IS yielded pathogenic bacteria more often than LQ (64% vs 44%; P &lt; .01); however, pathogens were isolated at similar rates in HQ IS in patients with and without radiographic CAP (64% vs. 63%; P = .6). Pathogens from study specimens matched an IS pathogen in only 9/42 (21%) patients with radiographic CAP. Median LOS was similar among patients with radiographic CAP regardless of receipt of IS pathogen-concordant antibiotics (3.1 days), non-pathogen-concordant antibiotics (2.7 days), or no antibiotics (3.2 days; P = .5).

Conclusions
Bacterial pathogens were isolated from most IS cultures regardless of radiographic CAP and quality of IS. IS cultures infrequently corresponded with sterile site cultures. Isolation of pathogens from pediatric IS reflects oropharyngeal carriage and is insufficient to determine bacterial etiology of CAP.
Skills for Feeling
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Dick-Siskin Leah P. , Bilbrey Ann Choryan , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
CBT involves attention to clients’ emotional experiences, both within and between psychotherapy sessions. This workbook module of Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach promotes emotional literacy and flexible use of emotional regulation strategies that are consistent with clients’ personal values and strengths. Easy-to-read, large-print Learn pages are selected by behavioral health providers to help middle-aged and older adults understand and describe their feelings and moods, nurture positive emotions, reduce anxiety through application of relaxation skills, and defuse unhelpful reactions to anger and frustration. Practice forms are provided for clients’ use between sessions to practice, remember, and use these affective skills. Clinicians must attend to the ways that cultural and generational norms and beliefs impact the type of emotions that aging clients experience, how these are expressed, and the degree to which these influence behaviors. Practitioners are encouraged to apply strategies that are responsive to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients..
Skills for Healthy Sleep
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Dick-Siskin Leah P. , Bilbrey Ann Choryan , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Clinical depression can disrupt sleep patterns, and chronic insomnia contributes to the development of depressive symptoms in later-life. This personalized workbook module of Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach promotes skills to regulate sleep patterns and develop healthy sleep habits. Easy-to-read, large-print Learn pages are selected by behavioral health clinicians to support psychoeducation about sleep to shape expectations and help aging clients use circadian rhythms to support healthy sleep, build sleep debt, and reduce nightime arousal. Practice forms are provided for use between sessions to practice, remember, and use these skills. Sleep routines are embedded within social contexts and environments. Practitioners are encouraged to apply strategies that are responsive to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients.
Module 2: Skills for Feeling: Recognizing and Managing Strong Emotions
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter supports practitioners as they help older clients develop emotional literacy and emotional regulation strategies. Module 2: Skills for Feeling: Recognizing and Managing Strong Emotions contains material to help aging clients understand and describe their feelings and moods, nurture positive emotions, reduce anxiety through relaxation skills, and defuse unhelpful reactions to anger and frustration. This chapter also describes the Practice forms provided for clients’ use between sessions to remember and use these affective skills. Cultural and generational norms and beliefs impact the type of emotions that aging clients experience, how these emotions are expressed, and the degree to which these emotions influence behaviors. Clinicians can use recommended strategies from this chapter to respond to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients, including within telehealth clinical practice.
Session 2: Relax Your Self and Your World
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 (Session 2) will help youth understand how and why the body responds to stress in certain ways. Youth will learn about the fight or flight response, how it can keep us safe in dangerous situations, and how sometimes our bodies and minds may react strongly even when we are not in situations that are truly dangerous. Youth learn different ways of dealing with the body’s response to stress, including ways to Relax Your Self (i.e., relax your body using deep breaths and by tensing and relaxing the muscles, and relax your mind using a technique called guided imagery) and Relax Your World (i.e., improve mood by doing things that are fun and relaxing). This chapter includes handouts and worksheets to help youth identify how their own body responds to stress and develop a relaxation plan for the week.
Subsonic wind accretion
Authors: Gruzinov Andrei 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The rate of subsonic wind accretion (accretion on a point Newtonian mass moving through uniform gas) is shown to be independent of the wind velocity and equal to the spherical Bondi rate – for the adiabatic index equal to 5/3. A (very accurate) numerical calculation of the accretion flow, confirming this result, is also presented.
Comparison of the association between six different frailty scales and clinical events in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Imamura Keigo , Yamamoto Shohei , Suzuki Yuta , Yoshikoshi Shun , Harada Manae , Osada Shiwori , Kamiya Kentaro , Matsuzawa Ryota , Matsunaga Atsuhiko 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, no study has used various frailty assessments in patients on HD to examine their association with clinical events. In this study, we investigated the association between clinical events and six frailty scales.

Methods
Outpatients who underwent HD between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. Frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Index, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Frail Screening Index, FRAIL scale and Clinical Frailty Scale. Outcomes were clinical events, including a composite of multiple (i.e. recurrent) all-cause hospitalizations, fractures and/or all-cause mortality. The association of clinical events and the frailty scales were investigated using negative binomial regression analysis.

Results
Fried Frailty Phenotype [incident rate ratio (IRR), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49–1.76], SOF Index (IRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10–1.83), SPPB (IRR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.11–2.88) and Clinical Frailty Scale (IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.04–2.61) were significantly associated with clinical events. However, Frail Screening Index (IRR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.60–3.18) and FRAIL scale (IRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.88–1.92) showed no significant association with clinical events.

Conclusions
Objective frailty assessments (SPPB) and medical staff impression-based frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale) may be useful prognostic predictors for patients on HD. Questionnaire-based frailty assessment should be carefully considered when used as a measurement of frailty.
The Role of TRP Channels in Nicotinic Provoked Pain and Irritation from the Oral Cavity and Throat: Translating Animal Data to Humans
Authors: Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Carstens Earl , Proctor Gordon , Boucher Yves , Clavé Pere , Albin Nielsen Kent , Nielsen Thomas A , Reeh Peter W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tobacco smoking-related diseases are estimated to kill more than 8 million people/year and most smokers are willing to stop smoking. The pharmacological approach to aid smoking cessation comprises nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and inhibitors of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which is activated by nicotine. Common side effects of oral NRT products include hiccoughs, gastrointestinal disturbances and, most notably, irritation, burning and pain in the mouth and throat, which are the most common reasons for premature discontinuation of NRT and termination of cessation efforts. Attempts to reduce the unwanted sensory side effects are warranted, and research discovering the most optimal masking procedures is urgently needed. This requires a firm mechanistic understanding of the neurobiology behind the activation of sensory nerves and their receptors by nicotine. The sensory nerves in the oral cavity and throat express the so-called transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are responsible for mediating the nicotine-evoked irritation, burning and pain sensations. Targeting the TRP channels is one way to modulate the unwanted sensory side effects. A variety of natural (Generally Recognized As Safe [GRAS]) compounds interact with the TRP channels, thus making them interesting candidates as safe additives to oral NRT products. The present narrative review will discuss (1) current evidence on how nicotine contributes to irritation, burning and pain in the oral cavity and throat, and (2) options to modulate these unwanted side-effects with the purpose of increasing adherence to NRT. Nicotine provokes irritation, burning and pain in the oral cavity and throat. Managing these side effects will ensure better compliance to oral NRT products and hence increase the success of smoking cessation. A specific class of sensory receptors (TRP channels) are involved in mediating nicotine’s sensory side effects, making them to potential treatment targets. Many natural (Generally Recognized As Safe [GRAS]) compounds are potentially beneficial modulators of TRP channels.
Developing and Sustaining Police–researcher Partnerships
Authors: Stephens Darrel W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Developing and sustaining partnerships between the police and researchers has long been a challenge. There have been national federal grant programmes aimed at developing these partnerships and they have been helpful. In most cases, the partnerships lapsed when the funds are expended. Nevertheless, progress has been made over the years and there are examples of police–researcher partnerships but relatively few are sustained long-term relationships. These partnerships have become increasingly important as community advocates make demands for police reforms; many of which are not evidence based. This article identifies and discusses some of the challenges the police face and various reform proposals. It also identifies several long-term successful partnerships and includes a more detailed description of two of them—University of Cincinnati/Cincinnati Police and Arizona State University/Phoenix Police. The article discusses the author’s experience with police–researcher partnerships as a police chief and researcher over his 53-year career in policing. Finally, the article encourages police and researchers to think more deeply about three areas: funding, community engagement, and communications strategy. Funding is fundamental to sustaining the partnerships and supporting them without a total reliance on external resources is crucial. Transparency has become an essential part of establishing public trust and researchers must begin engaging the community in the process. Finally, a communications strategy as a part of the study would enhance the understanding of findings and reinforce the value of investing in research.
Implementing a multisite efficacy trial to facilitate maternal disclosure to children: the TRACK HIV Disclosure Intervention
Authors: Armistead Lisa , Marelich William D , Murphy Debra A , Schulte Marya T , Goodrum Nada , Kim Sae-Jin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
HIV remains prevalent, stigmatized, and requires parents to decide whether and how to disclose to their serostatus to their children. Teaching Raising And Communicating with Kids (TRACK), an intervention to support maternal disclosure of HIV status to children, demonstrated efficacy through a pilot and a full-scale multisite trial. In response to the limited availability of best practices for conducting multisite research and recognizing the importance of identification of key intervention components, the current manuscript presents the traditional elements of an implementation paper along with secondary data analyses to identify drivers of the intervention’s effects. Black, Latinx, and White mothers living with HIV (mean age = 39.27, SD = 7.89) and their children (51% female, mean age = 9.65, SD = 2.48) were recruited in Southern California and Atlanta (N = 176 dyads). Following baseline assessments, half were randomized to the intervention. Follow-up assessments occurred at 3, 9, and 15 months. Implementation and quality assurance protocols revealed the need for a broad range of recruitment and retention strategies, ongoing assessment of participants’ psychological distress, and joint initial training of study personnel with ongoing supervision. Based on linear growth modeling, key intervention components (i.e., parent–child communication, positive parent involvement and reinforcement, family routines) significantly contributed to disclosure self-efficacy, the primary intervention target. Lessons learned emphasized the need to balance fidelity to the research protocol with strategies for managing site-based differences and the importance of including all key intervention components for future implementation at clinical or community-based sites.
Reach and effectiveness of the NCI Cancer Moonshot-funded Cancer Center Cessation Initiative
Authors: D’Angelo Heather , Hohl Sarah D , Rolland Betsy , Adsit Robert T , Pauk Danielle , Fiore Michael C , Baker Timothy B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmoking cessation results in improved cancer treatment outcomes. However, the factors associated with successful implementation of cessation programs in cancer care settings are not well understood. This paper presents the reach the reach and effectiveness of cessation programs implemented in NCI-Designated Cancer Centers in the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I). An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among C3I Cancer Centers from July 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 (N = 38). Reach was calculated as the proportion of patients reporting current smoking that received cessation treatment and was analyzed overall and by organizational characteristics. Smoking abstinence rates were determined by the proportion of participants self-reporting smoking abstinence in the previous 7 and 30 days at 6 months after treatment. On average, nearly 30% of patients who smoked received any cessation treatment. In-person counseling was most implemented but reached an average of only 13.2% of patients who smoked. Although less frequently implemented, average reach was highest for counseling provided via an interactive voice response system (55.8%) and telephone-based counseling (18.7%). Reach was higher at centers with more established programs, electronic health record referral systems, and higher smoking prevalence. At 6-month follow-up, about a fifth of participants on average had not smoked in the past 7 days (21.7%) or past 30 days (18.6%). Variations in reach by organizational characteristics suggest that leadership engagement and investment in technology-facilitated programs may yield higher levels of reach. Understanding which implementation and intervention strategies facilitate greater cessation treatment reach and effectiveness could lead to improved outcomes among cancer patients who smoke.
The “Opening of the Clackamas”: Log Trucks, Access Roads, and Multiple-Use Infrastructure in Oregon’s National Forests
Authors: Rose Taylor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Driving mountain roads is a fundamental part of the modern experience in Oregon’s national forests. Building, maintaining, and overseeing forest access roads has been at the core of U.S. Forest Service land management policy since World War II. Beginning in 1942, demand for wartime lumber and the newly industrial scale of logging, particularly after the advent of log trucking, together precipitated a period of rapid infrastructure development in the previously remote resource hinterlands of the Pacific Northwest. Although initially a boon for public relations, timber productivity, and management itself, the roads quickly became fiscal and regulatory burdens for the federal agency. This article examines the story of public-lands logging and recreation—typically told as a narrative of environmental politics—through the lens of automobility. Mass road development, I argue, gradually produced a popular expectation—shared across political divisions and enduring more strongly than ever in the 2020s—that national forests were and forever should be places of easy automotive access. However, this expectation belies what it has taken to develop and maintain that access: namely, logging revenue. By following the political-economic, cultural, and environmental history of one notoriously busy road in northwest Oregon, the Clackamas River Road, historians may better understand the context in which multiple-use infrastructure took shape, as well as the difficult budgetary position in which USFS officials find themselves today, three decades after the spotted owl controversy all but ended a half century of national-forest log trucking.
Leveraging predictive analytics to reduce influenza and COVID-19-related adverse events
Authors: Annolino Heather 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Optimizing technology can help healthcare facilities better manage the risks from a potential “twindemic” of COVID-19 and influenza. This article explores the use of predictive analytics and artificial intelligence to address these risks and improve overall patient care and safety amid a simultaneous pandemic and flu season.