bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital twins for the underwater shake table array facility
Authors: Li Ning , Li Zhong‐Xian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the three‐dimensional six‐degree‐of‐freedom underwater shaking table array facility for seismic simulation, which is built in Tianjin University, China, is taken as the research object. A digital twin of the shaking table is constructed. First, the components of the underwater shaking table array are introduced. And the simplified mechanical property of different components is illustrated. By using the system identification algorithm based on the measured dynamic responses, the basic model parameters, including the dynamics of the servo‐valve, the horizontal and vertical effective mass, the effective stiffness and damping coefficient of the actuators, the accumulators, and the friction of each actuator in the system are identified. The suitability of various experimental data sets used to identify the digital twin's model parameters is described. The prediction of various shaking table testing instances, as well as the comparison of digital twin and real system performance, are then presented. The digital twins shaking table system's performance and accuracy are examined. The shaking table's performance for various reproduction signals is compared to the digital twins model, which validates the suggested model's feasibility. Finally, the digital twins model is adopted and tried to tune the facility offline meanwhile the shaking table facility is configured iteratively. These findings highlight the applicability of the digital twins technique, which is the next research direction.
Mapping rill soil erosion in agricultural fields with UAV‐borne remote sensing data
Authors: Malinowski Radek , Heckrath Goswin , Rybicki Marcin , Eltner Anette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil erosion by water is a main form of land degradation worldwide. The problem has been addressed, among others, in the United Nations Sustainability Goals. However, for mitigation of erosion consequences and adequate management of affected areas, reliable information on the magnitude and spatial patterns of erosion is needed. Although such need is often addressed by erosion modelling, precise erosion monitoring is necessary for the calibration and validation of erosion models and to study erosion patterns in landscapes. Conventional methods for quantification of rill erosion are based on labour‐intensive field measurements. In contrast, remote sensing techniques promise fast, non‐invasive, systematic and larger‐scale surveying. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate automated and transferable methodologies for mapping the spatial extent of erosion rills from a single acquisition of remote sensing data. Data collected by an uncrewed aerial vehicle was used to deliver a highly detailed digital elevation model (DEM) of the analysed area. Rills were classified by two methods with different settings. One approach was based on a series of decision rules applied on DEM‐derived geomorphological terrain attributes. The second approach utilized the random forest machine learning algorithm. The methods were tested on three agricultural fields representing different erosion patterns and vegetation covers. Our study showed that the proposed methods can ensure recognition of rills with accuracies between 80 and 90% depending on rill characteristics. In some cases, however, the methods were sensitive to very small rill incisions and to similar geometry of rills to other features. Additionally, their performance was influenced by the vegetation structure and cover. Besides these challenges, the introduced approach was capable of mapping rills fully automatically at the field scale and can, therefore, support a fast and flexible assessment of erosion magnitudes.
Study of combined effect of natural convection and radiation heat transfer from annular finned vertical cylinder
Authors: Pradhan Satish Ranjan , Behera Vishwa Mohan , Rathore Sushil Kumar , Senapati Jnana Ranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present numerical study reports the combined effect of natural convection and radiation heat from a vertical cylinder with annular fins. The study involves simulation for laminar as well as turbulent regimes. For the present study, Rayleigh's number is varied in the range , emissivity in the range , and the fin spacing ratio (s/d) in the range . The radiation heat transfer has been found to share a considerable amount in the total heat transfer of the system for the laminar regime, but in the turbulent regime, its effect is minimal and can be neglected. When the fin spacing ratio is reduced, the total heat transfer increases for both the turbulent and laminar flow conditions. But the radiation heat increases with a reduction in fin spacing ratio for laminar and in case of turbulent flow radiation heat rate reduces with a reduction in s/d ratio. For the range of Rayleigh numbers considered in the present study, the Nusselt number increases with the increment of the fin spacing ratio. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a remarkable enhancement in the heat transfer rate in laminar cases with the fins. For turbulent cases, the fin efficiency lies between 40% and 50%.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the BRI success
Authors: Chen Yongjun , Guo Chenglong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a general theoretical framework for understanding the Belt‐and‐Road Initiative (BRI). We begin with an introduction to the connotations of the BRI and a review of the initiative's main achievements since its inception. From these achievements, we identify the existence of a potential match between supply and demand in jointly building the BRI to be the foremost necessary condition for win–win cooperation for participating countries. Several features of China's contemporary economic structure are shown to provide the huge potential of supply that matches the massive demand of many Belt‐and‐Road countries for infrastructure development. To unleash the full potential of the BRI, a series of sufficient conditions must be met so that supply and demand interact in a virtuous manner. In the first stage of jointly building the BRI, the key to turn the initiative's potential into reality is to develop the “Five Links” of policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people‐to‐people bond. Now that the BRI has entered the high‐quality development stage, we demonstrate that China has taken or needs to work on policy measures in 10 areas to ensure the continuing and sustainable success of the BRI construction.
Clinicopathological characteristics of advanced gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Tokura Junki , Namikawa Ken , Nakano Kaoru , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Nunobe Souya , Yamaguchi Kensei , Kawachi Hiroshi , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has become popular as it prevents the development of gastric cancer. There have been no comprehensive studies on advanced gastric cancer (AGC) after eradication; thus, the clinical characteristics remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of AGC after eradication and with current H. pylori infection and evaluate the esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) follow‐up after eradication.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective study included 261 consecutive patients diagnosed with AGC through EGD. The patients were grouped based on their H. pylori status: eradication (n = 48) and infection (n = 213) groups. Univariate analysis was conducted to compare clinicopathological characteristics between groups. The clinical course of the eradication group was analyzed by dividing the patients into three groups according to the interval from the last EGD until AGC detection: short‐interval (<1 year), intermediate‐interval (2–3 years), and long‐interval (4–5 years) groups.ResultsThe radical resection (R0) rate was higher in the eradication group. In surgical cases, the median tumor diameter was shorter in the eradication group. Analysis of EGD surveillance after eradication in 36 available cases showed that 24 (66.7%) were detected within 5 years after eradication, and 3 (8.3%) were diagnosed as AGC > 20 years after eradication. The R0 rates in the short‐, intermediate‐, and long‐interval groups were 83.3%, 71.4%, and 60%, respectively.ConclusionsAGC after eradication was more often detected at the phase in which R0 resection was possible. EGD follow‐up with tight intervals of at least 5 years after eradication is advisable.
Prognosis of patients with laryngeal contact granuloma: Development and validation of RCGSG score
Authors: Pan Yufei , Li Jinrang , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jinhong , Zhang Chun , Liu Zhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an objective and simple score for predicting the prognosis of patients with laryngeal contact granuloma (LCG) treated with local glucocorticoid injection combined with oral proton pump inhibitor (GI + PPI).MethodsCox regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of baseline variables on the prognosis of 507 patients with LCG treated with GI + PPI. An easy‐to‐apply RCGSG (Reflus, Cough, Gender, and Surgery in GI + PPI therapy) score was developed based on the independent risk factors selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The score was internally validated by receiver‐operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.ResultsAfter univariate and multivariate analyses, male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 0.546, p < .001), laryngopharyngeal reflux (HR 0.702, p = .001), chronic cough (HR 0.709, p = .001), and history of surgical resection (HR 0.433, p < .001) were found to be the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of LCG. According to the score, the median cure time was 3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.81–3.19) in the low‐risk group, 4 months (95% CI 3.74–4.26) in the moderate‐risk group, and 5 months (95% CI 4.76–5.24) in the high‐risk group. The bootstrap method was used to plot calibration curves for internal validation.ConclusionThe RCGSG score, developed based on laryngopharyngeal reflux, chronic cough, gender, and surgical resection history, has been internally verified to be a good predictor of the prognosis of patients with LCG receiving GI + PPI treatment.Level of evidenceLevel 4.
Sentinel node restoration by vascularized lymph node transfer in mice
Authors: Kusajima Erika G. , Yamamoto Yuhei , Ishikawa Kosuke , Miura Takahiro , Funayama Emi , Osawa Masayuki , Takagi Ryo , Maeda Taku 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports have indicated that vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) may improve the impaired immunity in lymphedema but there has been no report concerning anti‐cancer immunity. In the early tumor immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) participate in tumor recognition and antigen presentation in local lymphatics. Here, we investigated the impact of VLNT on DC dynamics against cancer in mouse models.MethodsForty‐seven 8‐week‐old C57BL/6 N male mice were divided into three surgical groups: a VLNT model in which a vascularized inguinal lymph node (LN) flap was transferred into the ipsilateral fossa after a popliteal LN was removed; a LN dissection (LND) model in which the popliteal LN was dissected; and a control model in which a skin incision was made at the popliteal fossa and an ipsilateral inguinal LN was removed. Postoperative lymphatic flows were observed by indocyanine green lymphography and B16‐F10‐luc2 mouse melanoma were implanted into the ipsilateral footpad. The proportion of DCs in the transplanted nodes was measured by CD11c immunohistochemistry using digital imaging analysis 4 days after cancer implantation. Metastases to the lungs and LNs were quantitatively evaluated by luciferase assay 4 weeks after cancer implantation.ResultsAfter VLNT, lymphatic reconnection was observed in 59.2% of mice. The proportion of DCs was significantly higher in the VLNT group with lymphatic reconnection (8.6% ± 1.0%) than in the naïve LN (4.3% ± 0.4%) (p < .001). The tumor burden of lung metastases was significantly less in the VLNT group with lymphatic reconnection compared with the LND group (p = .049).ConclusionsMetastasis decreased in mice with reconnected lymphatics after VLNT. A possible explanation was that lymphatic restoration may have contributed to the tumor immune response by allowing DC migration to LNs.
A cryogenic 14‐channel 13C receiver array for 3T human head imaging
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Sánchez‐Heredia Juan Diego , Olin Rie Beck , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Laustsen Christoffer , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis article presents a novel 14‐channel receive‐only array for 13C human head imaging at 3 T that explores the SNR gain by operating at cryogenic temperature cooled by liquid nitrogen.MethodsCryostats are developed to evaluate single‐coil bench SNR performance and cool the 14‐channel array with liquid nitrogen while having enough thermal insulation between the coils and the sample. The temperature distribution for the coil array is measured. Circuits are adapted to the −189°C environment and implemented in the 14‐channel array. 13C images are acquired with the array at cryogenic and room temperature in a 3T scanner.ResultsCompared with room temperature, the array at cryogenic temperature provides 27%–168% SNR improvement over all voxels and 47% SNR improvement near the image center. The measurements show a decrease of the element noise correlation at cryogenic temperature.ConclusionIt is demonstrated that higher SNR can be achieved by cryogenically cooling the 14‐channel array. A cryogenic array suitable for clinical imaging can be further developed on the array proposed. The cryogenic coil array is most likely suited for scenarios in which high SNR deep in a head and decent SNR on the periphery are required.
Cerebral 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism alteration of reward‐ and motivation‐related regions in groups of different BMI classifications
Authors: Duan Yu‐Jie , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Wu Jia‐Jia , Ma Jie , Xing Xiang‐Xin , Ma Zhen‐Zhen , Li Si‐Si , Li Yu‐Lin , Xue Xin , Hua Xu‐Yun , Xu Jian‐Guang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the relationship between BMI and regional cerebral glucose metabolism and explicitly detected regions with significant differences in cerebral metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging in the resting state.MethodsCorresponding PET images acquired from 220 participants were sorted into four groups according to Asian BMI standards: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the association between BMI and standard uptake value. The regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured in the fasted state. The PET images were analyzed using statistical parameter maps. One‐way ANOVA was used to explore differences in the standard uptake value as an indicator of regional cerebral glucose metabolism.ResultsThis study found that lower cerebral glucose metabolism in reward‐ and motivation‐related regions was accompanied by more severe obesity and that regional cerebral glucose metabolism activities were negatively correlated with BMI. In addition, more severe obesity was accompanied by a larger range of areas with significant differences independent of current dietary status.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the reward and motivation circuits may be a factor regulating energy balance and influencing the degree of obesity.
Weight loss between glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and bariatric surgery in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarma Shohinee , Palcu Patricia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists recently demonstrated 15% to 20% weight loss in adults with obesity, a range which has previously been achieved only with bariatric surgery. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compares weight loss between GLP‐1 receptor agonists and bariatric surgery.MethodsThe databases MEDLINE, MEDLINE In‐Process, MEDLINE Epubs Ahead of Print, Embase Classic + Embase (OvidSP), and Cochrane (Wiley) were searched from inception to April 21, 2021, for randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Two independent reviewers extracted data, reported risk of bias, and graded certainty of evidence. Random‐effects models were used to pool change in weight, BMI, and glycated hemoglobin.ResultsSix studies, encompassing 332 patients, were included. Among randomized controlled trials, mean difference in weight between all bariatric surgery types and GLP‐1 receptor agonists was −22.68 kg (95% CI: −31.41 to −13.96), mean difference in BMI was −8.18 kg/m2 (95% CI: −11.59 to −4.77), and mean difference in glycated hemoglobin was −1.28% (95% CI: −1.94% to −0.61%). Among observational studies, mean difference in weight was −25.11 kg (95% CI: −40.61 to −9.60), and mean difference in BMI was −10.60 kg/m2 (95% CI: −17.22 to −3.98). Only one observational study reported glycemic outcomes.ConclusionIn adults with obesity, bariatric surgery still confers the highest reductions in weight and BMI but confers similar effects in glycemic control when compared with GLP‐1 receptor agonists.
Multi‐crosslinked, ecofriendly flame‐retardant starch‐based composite aerogels with high compression‐resistance
Authors: Shi Shaokun , Jiang Yingying , Ji Quan , Xing Yacheng , Ma Xiaomei , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo achieve ecofriendly aerogels with high mechanics and fire resistance, naturally‐occurring pea starch was employed as the major substrate, and starch‐based composite aerogels were fabricated by freeze–drying method. The corresponding hydrogels were obtained through successive gelatinization/dissolution of pea starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), formation of precursor hydrogels via cyclic freeze–thawing, followed by treatment with borax aqueous solution. Borax treatment not only results in aerogels with high mechanics, but also endows the aerogels flame‐retardant property. The final aerogels show high compression‐resistance, with a maximum specific compressive modulus achieved at ~44 MPa and the yield strength 665 kPa, owing to the formation of a multi‐crosslinked hybrid network. The maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the aerogels exceeds 34. The peak heat release rate, the heat release capacity, and the total heat release decrease 74.5%, 76.2%, and 73.8% after borax treatment. Moreover, the obtained aerogels demonstrate good thermal stability and thermal insulation. The good performance is conducive for practical application.
Massereiche Sterne als Geburtshelfer
Authors: Schneider Nicola , Stutzki Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas SOFIA‐Programm FEEDBACK beobachtet galaktische Sternentstehungsgebiete in den Emissionslinien von ionisiertem Kohlenstoff (C+) bei 158 μ m und neutralem Sauerstoff bei 63 μm. Die Zielsetzung ist es, den Einfluss massereicher Sterne auf das interstellare Medium zu untersuchen. Insbesondere das Einbringen von mechanischer Energie durch Sternwind und die Heizung durch UV‐Strahlung lässt sich so erfassen. Als eines der ersten Ergebnisse haben wir expandierende Halbschalen in galaktischen Blasenregionen gefunden, die durch den Sternwind angetrieben werden. In diesen Gebieten können dann durch Gaskompression sehr schnell neue Sterne entstehen. Diese Beobachtungen liefern eine wichtige Basis für weiterführende Messungen in anderen Spektrallinien mit neuen Teleskopen wie dem JWST, ALMA oder CCAT‐prime.
Licht in Form gebracht
Authors: Droop Ramon , Ehrmanntraut Daniel , Otte Eileen , Denz Cornelia 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungStrukturiertes Licht bezeichnet maßgeschneiderte Strahlen, deren Freiheitsgrade wie Amplitude, Phase und Polarisation räumlich modifiziert sind. Ein Lichtstrahl lässt sich beispielweise durch computergesteuerte Modulatoren auf Mikrospiegel‐ oder Flüssigkristallbasis beeinflussen. Somit lassen sich dem Licht Eigenschaften wie Bereiche starker Energie durch Kaustiken in der Intensität, Drehimpuls durch optische Wirbel der Phase oder stabile Informationseinheiten durch topologisch geschützte Knoten in Polarisationszuständen aufprägen. Zukünftig sind allem voran im Bereich der Datenverarbeitung Weiterentwicklungen auf Basis von strukturiertem Licht zu erwarten. So sollte sich die Übertragungsrate in Glasfasern durch orthogonale Zustände oder Moden stark verbessern lassen. Auch in der Medizin könnten strukturierte Laserstrahlen zur Anwendung kommen. Hier bietet die berührungsfreie und äußerst präzise Wechselwirkung mit Materie eine absolut sterile und verlässliche Möglichkeit für Operationen.
Travel‐related gastrointestinal diseases: Assessment and management
Authors: Butler Dominic , McLoughlin Ramona , Flaherty Gerard T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionGastrointestinal illnesses are among the most common health problems affecting travellers returning from international travel. Its public health implications include economic healthcare costs and the risk of promoting antimicrobial resistance. This narrative review aims to critically appraise the literature concerning gastrointestinal diseases in travellers and outlines a practical approach to aid clinicians in their assessment and management.MethodsThe Medline (PubMed) and SCOPUS databases were searched for articles relating to gastrointestinal issues in returning travellers. Articles were primarily restricted to those published in the last 5 years. Only studies on human subjects were included.ResultsDiarrhoea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom experienced by approximately 40%–60% of travellers, but abdominal pain, bloating and fatigue are also common. DiarrhoeagenicEscherichia colispecies remain the most common cause of travellers’ diarrhoea (TD), with parasitic diseases predominating in those with persistent symptoms. Molecular diagnostic techniques enable highly sensitive simultaneous testing for a multitude of enteropathogens, though more research is required to confirm the pathogenic significance of organisms identified. Further research into poorly absorbable antibiotics and novel therapies such as phage treatment may help to alleviate the burden of antimicrobial resistance. There is a role for empirical anti‐parasitic therapy in selected cases.ConclusionClinicians across a range of medical specialities should be familiar with the presentation, aetiology and management of gastrointestinal illness in the returning traveller. Efforts to improve destination sanitation and hygiene infrastructure may serve to reduce the burden of preventable illness in this setting.