bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourier Ptychography Part II: Phase Retrieval and High-Resolution Image Formation
Authors: Loetgering Lars , Aidukas Tomas , Zhou Kevin C , Wechsler Felix , Horstmeyer Roarke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
This article is the second within a three-part series on Fourier ptychography, which is a computational microscopy technique for high-resolution, large field-of-view imaging. While the first article laid out the basics of Fourier ptychography, this second part sheds light on its algorithmic ingredients. We present a non-technical discussion of phase retrieval, which allows for the synthesis of high-resolution images from a sequence of low-resolution raw data. Fourier ptychographic phase retrieval can be carried out on standard, widefield microscopy platforms with the simple addition of a low-cost LED array, thus offering a convenient alternative to other phase-sensitive techniques that require more elaborate hardware such as differential interference contrast and digital holography.
Early Childhood Integrated Behavioral Health: A Promoter of Equity in Pediatric Care
Authors: Margolis Kathryn L. , Buchholz Melissa , Charlot-Swilley Dominique , Serrano Verenea , Herbst Rachel , Meiselman Elizabeth , Talmi Ayelet 
Published: September 2022

Objective: This topical review examines an equity-focused parenting intervention and how it addresses structural problems in health care that perpetuate inequities for marginalized groups. Methods: Four domains of pediatric primary care (PPC) that perpetuate health inequities are discussed, including (a) acontextual, individual patient focus of health care; (b) fragmented and siloed networks of care; (c) limited cultural awareness in care; and (d) diagnosis-driven health care benefits. Next, a model of two-generational primary care behavioral health is discussed as a way to mitigate structural aspects of PPC that contribute to inequities. Results: Integrating early childhood behavioral health into PPC, a system designed to provide universal prevention and health promotion, can enact a transformative impact on a traditionally racist system of health care. The following specific mechanisms of this model are discussed: (a) expanding the acontextual, individual patient focus; (b) providing care coordination that mitigates fragmented and siloed networks of care; (c) engaging in reflective practice to enhance cultural awareness in care; and (d) shifting from diagnosis-driven to family-centered paradigms. Conclusions: Implications for practice, clinic transformation, and systems-related policy changes that can shift structural policies that perpetuate racism and oppression are discussed. Implications for Impact Statement Certain structures within pediatric primary care perpetuate race-based inequities. Integrated behavioral health for families with young children is one strategy to promote antiracism and health equity in pediatric care. HealthySteps, an evidence-based model of caregiver-focused, early childhood behavioral health, is offered as an example of equity-promoting care.
Cav2.2-NFAT2-USP43 axis promotes invadopodia formation and breast cancer metastasis through cortactin stabilization
Authors: Xue Ying , Li Min , Hu Jie , Song Yuanlin , Guo Wei , Miao Changhong , Ge Di , Hou Yingyong , Wang Xuefei , Huang Xingxu , Liu Tianshu , Zhang Xiaoping , Huang Qihong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDistant metastasis is the main cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. Using the breast cancer genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified brain specific Cav2.2 as a critical regulator of metastasis. Cav2.2 expression is significantly upregulated in breast cancer and its higher expression is inversely correlated with survival suggesting a previously unappreciated role of Cav2.2 in breast cancer. Cav2.2 is required for breast cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, Cav2.2 promotes invadopodia formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation through the stabilization of invadopodia component cortactin in a proteosome-dependent manner. Moreover, deubiquitinating enzyme USP43 mediated the functions of Cav2.2 in cortactin stabilization, invadopodia formation, ECM degradation, and metastasis. Interestingly, Cav2.2 upregulates USP43 expression through NFAT2 dephosphorylation and nuclear localization. Our study uncovered a novel pathway that regulates cortactin expression and invadopodia formation in breast cancer metastasis.
Endocytosis-like DNA uptake by cell wall-deficient bacteria
Authors: Kapteijn Renée , Shitut Shraddha , Aschmann Dennis , Zhang Le , de Beer Marit , Daviran Deniz , Roverts Rona , Akiva Anat , van Wezel Gilles P. , Kros Alexander , Claessen Dennis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer in bacteria is widely believed to occur via conjugation, transduction and transformation. These mechanisms facilitate the passage of DNA across the protective cell wall using sophisticated machinery. Here, we report that cell wall-deficient bacteria can engulf DNA and other extracellular material via an endocytosis-like process. Specifically, we show that L-forms of the filamentous actinomycete Kitasatospora viridifaciens can take up plasmid DNA, polysaccharides (dextran) and 150-nm lipid nanoparticles. The process involves invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane, leading to formation of intracellular vesicles that encapsulate extracellular material. DNA uptake is not affected by deletion of genes homologous to comEC and comEA, which are required for natural transformation in other species. However, uptake is inhibited by sodium azide or incubation at 4 °C, suggesting the process is energy-dependent. The encapsulated materials are released into the cytoplasm upon degradation of the vesicle membrane. Given that cell wall-deficient bacteria are considered a model for early life forms, our work reveals a possible mechanism for primordial cells to acquire food or genetic material before invention of the bacterial cell wall.
Synthesis, properties, and material hybridization of bare aromatic polymers enabled by dendrimer support
Authors: Fujiki Shusei , Amaike Kazuma , Yagi Akiko , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAromatic polymers are the first-choice platform for current organic materials due to their distinct optical, electronic, and mechanical properties as well as their biocompatibility. However, bare aromatic polymer backbones tend to strongly aggregate, rendering them essentially insoluble in organic solvent. While the typical solution is to install many solubilizing substituents on the backbones, this often provokes undesired property changes. Herein, we report the synthesis of bare aromatic polymers enabled by a dendrimer support. An initiator arene containing a diterpenoid-based dendrimer undergoes Pd-catalyzed polymerization with monomers bearing no solubilizing substituents to furnish bare aromatic polymers such as polythiophenes and poly(para-phenylene)s. The high solubility of dendrimer-ligated polymers allows not only the unveiling of the properties of unsubstituted π-conjugated backbone, but also mild release of dendrimer-free aromatic polymers and even transfer of aromatic polymers to other materials, such as silica gel and protein, which may accelerate the creation of hybrid materials nowadays challenging to access.
Context-dependent selectivity to natural images in the retina
Authors: Goldin Matías A. , Lefebvre Baptiste , Virgili Samuele , Pham Van Cang Mathieu Kim , Ecker Alexander , Mora Thierry , Ferrari Ulisse , Marre Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRetina ganglion cells extract specific features from natural scenes and send this information to the brain. In particular, they respond to local light increase (ON responses), and/or decrease (OFF). However, it is unclear if this ON-OFF selectivity, characterized with synthetic stimuli, is maintained under natural scene stimulation. Here we recorded ganglion cell responses to natural images slightly perturbed by random noise patterns to determine their selectivity during natural stimulation. The ON-OFF selectivity strongly depended on the specific image. A single ganglion cell can signal luminance increase for one image, and luminance decrease for another. Modeling and experiments showed that this resulted from the non-linear combination of different retinal pathways. Despite the versatility of the ON-OFF selectivity, a systematic analysis demonstrated that contrast was reliably encoded in these responses. Our perturbative approach uncovered the selectivity of retinal ganglion cells to more complex features than initially thought.
Three-dimensional racetrack memory devices designed from freestanding magnetic heterostructures
Authors: Gu Ke , Guan Yicheng , Hazra Binoy Krishna , Deniz Hakan , Migliorini Andrea , Zhang Wenjie , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructures is key to the development of next-generation nanoelectronic devices with a low device footprint. Magnetic racetrack memory encodes data in a series of magnetic domain walls that are moved by current pulses along magnetic nanowires. To date, most studies have focused on two-dimensional racetracks. Here we introduce a lift-off and transfer method to fabricate three-dimensional racetracks from freestanding magnetic heterostructures grown on a water-soluble sacrificial release layer. First, we create two-dimensional racetracks from freestanding films transferred onto sapphire substrates and show that they have nearly identical characteristics compared with the films before transfer. Second, we design three-dimensional racetracks by covering protrusions patterned on a sapphire wafer with freestanding magnetic heterostructures. We demonstrate current-induced domain-wall motion for synthetic antiferromagnetic three-dimensional racetracks with protrusions of up to 900 nm in height. Freestanding magnetic layers, as demonstrated here, may enable future spintronic devices with high packing density and low energy consumption.
Flavour-selective localization in interacting lattice fermions
Authors: Tusi D. , Franchi L. , Livi L. F. , Baumann K. , Benedicto Orenes D. , Del Re L. , Barfknecht R. E. , Zhou T.-W. , Inguscio M. , Cappellini G. , Capone M. , Catani J. , Fallani L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA large repulsion between particles in a quantum system can lead to their localization, an effect responsible for the Mott insulator phases in strongly correlated materials. In a system with multiple orbitals, an orbital-selective Mott insulator can form, where electrons in some orbitals are predicted to localize while others remain itinerant. Here we demonstrate a more general version of this phenomenon by observing flavour-selective localization in an atom-based quantum simulator. Our experiment realizes Fermi–Hubbard models with an SU(3) symmetry that can be broken using a tunable coupling between flavours. We observe an enhancement of the localization associated with a selective Mott transition and the emergence of flavour-dependent correlations. Our realization of flavour-selective Mott physics demonstrates the potential of cold atoms to simulate interacting multicomponent materials such as superconductors and topological insulators.
Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Xu Evan , Xie Yan , Al-Aly Ziyad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe neurologic manifestations of acute COVID-19 are well characterized, but a comprehensive evaluation of postacute neurologic sequelae at 1 year has not been undertaken. Here we use the national healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to build a cohort of 154,068 individuals with COVID-19, 5,638,795 contemporary controls and 5,859,621 historical controls; we use inverse probability weighting to balance the cohorts, and estimate risks and burdens of incident neurologic disorders at 12 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results show that in the postacute phase of COVID-19, there was increased risk of an array of incident neurologic sequelae including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cognition and memory disorders, peripheral nervous system disorders, episodic disorders (for example, migraine and seizures), extrapyramidal and movement disorders, mental health disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, sensory disorders, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and encephalitis or encephalopathy. We estimated that the hazard ratio of any neurologic sequela was 1.42 (95% confidence intervals 1.38, 1.47) and burden 70.69 (95% confidence intervals 63.54, 78.01) per 1,000 persons at 12 months. The risks and burdens were elevated even in people who did not require hospitalization during acute COVID-19. Limitations include a cohort comprising mostly White males. Taken together, our results provide evidence of increased risk of long-term neurologic disorders in people who had COVID-19.
A systematic study of arsenic adsorption and removal from aqueous environments using novel graphene oxide functionalized UiO-66-NDC nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Naik T. S. Sunil Kumar , U Basavaraju , Khan Nadeem A. , Wani Abdul Basit , Behera Sushant Kumar , Nath Bidisha , Bhati Shipra , Singh Joginder , Ramamurthy Praveen C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the removal of As(V) from aqueous media using water stable UiO-66-NDC/GO prepared via the solvothermal procedure. The synthesized material was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) support its applicability as a super-adsorbent for the adsorption of As(V) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of various parameters, including initial ion concentration, temperature, adsorbent dose, and pH on the adsorption of As(V) was studied to recognize the optimum adsorption conditions. The qmax obtained for this study using Langmuir isotherms was found at 147.06 mg/g at room temperature. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° were also calculated and negative values of ΔG° represent that the As(V) adsorption process occurred exothermically and spontaneously. Meanwhile, theoretical density functional simulation findings are accommodated to support these experimental results. It is observed that the dynamic nature of graphene oxide and the UiO-66 NDC nanocomposite system becomes superior for adsorption studies due to delocalized surface states. UiO-66-NDC/GO also showed high reusability for up four regeneration performances using 0.01 M HCl as a regenerant.
Circadian activity of small brown bear populations living in human-dominated landscapes
Authors: Donatelli Aurora , Mastrantonio Gianluca , Ciucci Paolo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhereas numerous studies on large carnivores have focused on analyzing spatial patterns and habitat use, the temporal dimension of their activity has been relatively little investigated, making this a topic of growing interest, especially in human-dominated landscapes. Relict and isolated Apennine brown bears (Ursus arctos marsicanus) have been living in a human-modified landscape since millennia, but no information is available on their activity patterns. By means of GPS telemetry (26,880 GPS locations collected from 18 adult Apennine brown bears) we investigated their circadian rhythms, using hourly movement rates as an index of bear activity. Based on a Bayesian modeling approach, circadian activity of Apennine brown bears was described by a bimodal curve, with peaks of activity around sunrise and sunset. We revealed seasonal effects, with bears exhibiting higher movement rates throughout the mating season, but no relevant influence of sex. In addition, bears increased their movement rate at distances < 100–500 m to roads and settlements exclusively during spring and late summer, suggesting a trade-off between foraging opportunities and risk avoidance. The absence of a marked nocturnality in Apennine brown bears suggests a relatively low degree of habitat encroachment and disturbance by humans. Yet, the occurrence of crepuscular activity patterns and the responses in proximity of anthropogenic landscape features likely indicate a coadaptation by bears to human presence through a shift in their temporal niche. Further studies should aim to unveil fitness implications of such modifications in activity patterns.
A report on the potential of Rac1/pSTAT3 protein levels in T lymphocytes to assess the pharmacodynamic effect of thiopurine therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients
Authors: Deben Debbie S. , Creemers Rob H. , van Adrichem Arjan J. , Drent Roosmarie , Merry Audrey H. H. , Leers Mathie P. G. , van Bodegraven Adriaan A. , Wong Dennis R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe thiopurine derivatives azathioprine (AZA), mercaptopurine (MP) and tioguanine (TG) remain standard treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The immune suppressive effect of thiopurines is primarily based on blocking the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) causing apoptosis of T lymphocytes by inhibition of the phosphorylated downstream transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (pSTAT3). A functional pharmacodynamic marker in T lymphocytes may be useful to predict therapeutic outcome of thiopurine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore whether protein levels of Rac1 and pSTAT3 in T lymphocytes may be applied as a specific pharmacodynamic marker for thiopurine therapy in IBD patients. Rac1 and pSTAT3 protein levels in T lymphocytes were explored in 57 IBD patients (median age 51 years, 56% female), subdivided into six groups based on IBD activity and its treatment: patients with active disease without IBD maintenance medication (1) or patients in remission on AZA/MP (2), TG (3), infliximab (IFX) (4), thiopurine and IFX combination-treatment (5) or without IBD medication (6). Reference values were obtained from healthy subjects. Rac1 and pSTAT3 protein levels in T lymphocytes from patients on thiopurine monotherapy (group 2 and 3) were compared to the other groups, and to healthy subjects. Absolute Rac1 and pSTAT3 protein levels showed no differences between the thiopurine monotherapy groups when compared to patients with active disease. However, the ratio of Rac1 and pSTAT3 protein levels was lower in thiopurine patients groups compared to patients with active disease. Rac1-corrected pSTAT3 protein levels may serve as a pharmacodynamic marker of thiopurine monotherapy and may be a potential tool to predict therapeutic effectiveness in IBD patients.
Heterojunction bipolar transistors with a planar‐type extended base as a hydrogen‐sensitive sensor
Authors: Huang Chia‐Hua , Tan Shih‐Wei , Lo Hao , Lo Chieh , Lour Wen‐Shiung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA hydrogen sensing transistor fabricated by a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with an extended base (EB) formed by a metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) hydrogen sensor is reported. The power consumption in stand‐by mode is smaller than 2 µW. Common‐emitter characteristics show that the sensing base (collector) current gains at 25°C in 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% H2/N2 are as high as 75 (512), 134, (977), and 233 (2.89 × 103), respectively. Low‐power consumption and high‐sensitive gains are indicative that our HBT together with planar‐type MSM sensor is very promising for applications to hydrogen sensing transistors using one voltage source.
Recent advances in stable arsenic–phosphorus: preparation, properties, and application
Authors: Liu Fangqi , Xue Junfei , Yu Qiang , Shu Bowang , Lu Yan , Dai Yongping , Pang Xiuyang , Deng Haiqin , Wang Xianping , Zhu Sicong , Wu Jian , He Tingchao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) arsenic–phosphorus (AsP), as a derivative of black phosphorus (BP), has achieved great progress in regards to preparation methods, property modulation, and front application, which can be attributed to the following two points. The first is that a method has been developed of alloying BP with the congener element arsenic to produce high-quality AsP; the second is that stable AsP possesses unique electronic and optical properties. To conclude the continuous and extensive research, this review focuses on synthesis details, modulation strategies, and application advances of stable AsP. Firstly, several pathways to prepare AsP with different phases are listed. Secondly, multiple solutions to optimize the electronic properties of AsP are discussed, such as strain regulation and composition tuning, and especially composition tuning of AsP including element modification, atomic substitution, and dopant participation, which can bring about adjustments of the lattice structure, bandgaps, and electronic properties. Based on the regulated AsP, applications in infrared photodetectors, high-performance transistors, and efficient-energy storage devices and so on have been widely developed. Although there are challenges ahead, this review may bring new insights into and inspirations for further development of 2D AsP-based materials and devices.
Cr2Ge2Te6 nanoribbons with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and half metallicity: a DFT study
Authors: Ríos-Vargas Valeria , Ponce-Pérez Rodrigo , Moreno-Armenta María G , Guerrero-Sánchez Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cr2Ge2Te6 is an intrinsic ferromagnetic material with a van der Waals layered structure and it shows promise in spintronics applications. In this work, we investigated the edge effects in Cr2Ge2Te6 nanoribbons and the change in magnetic properties considering spin-orbit effects. Edge formation energies evidenced stability in nanoribbons with TeCr edges. Stability remains in these nanoribbons in presence of Te vacancies at the edge. New bonds appear in the nanoribbons due to edge effects and induce half-metal (HM) behavior. The metallic part is dominated by Te-p, Ge-p, and Cr-d orbitals. Both stable nanoribbons present perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Our results point Cr2Ge2Te6 nanoribbons as key for the construction of spintronic devices since HM materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy produce 100% spin-polarized out-of-plane current.
Organic bulk heterojunction enabled with nanocapsules of hydrate vanadium pentaoxide layer for high responsivity self-powered photodetector
Authors: Dahiya Hemraj , Agrawal Anupam , Sharma Ganesh D. , Singh Abhishek Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article demonstrates the fabrication of organic-based devices using a low-cost solution-processable technique. A blended heterojunction of chlorine substituted 2D-conjugated polymer PBDB-T-2Cl, and PC71BM supported nanocapsules hydrate vanadium penta oxides (HVO) as hole transport layer (HTL) based photodetector fabricated on an ITO coated glass substrate under ambient condition. The device forms an excellent organic junction diode with a good rectification ratio of ~200. The device has also shown excellent photodetection properties under photoconductive mode (at reverse bias) and zero bias for green light wavelength. A very high responsivity of ~6500 mA/W and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1400% have been reported in the article. The proposed organic photodetector exhibits an excellent response and recovery time of ~30 and ~40 ms, respectively.