bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-Function Relationship in Glaucoma: Optical Coherence Tomography En Face Imaging vs. Red-Free Fundus Photography
Authors: Bak Eunoo , Choi Hyuk Jin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: To analyze retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect measurements obtained from red-free fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) en face imaging, respectively, and to compare them for the strength of the structure–function association.
Subjects/Methods: Two hundred and fifty-six glaucomatous eyes with localized RNFL defect on red-free fundus photography were enrolled. A subgroup analysis included 81 highly myopic eyes (≤–6.0 diopters). Angular width of RNFL defect was compared between red-free fundus photography (i.e., red-free RNFL defect) and OCT en face imaging (i.e., en face RNFL defect). The correlation between angular width of each RNFL defect and functional outcomes, reported as mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), were assessed and compared.
Results: The angular width of en face RNFL defect was measured smaller than that of red-free RNFL defect in 91.0% eyes (mean difference, 19.98°). The association of en face RNFL defect with MD and PSD was stronger (R2=0.311 and R2=0.372, respectively) than that of red-free RNFL defect with MD and PSD (R2=0.162 and R2=0.137, respectively) (P < 0.05 for all). Especially in highly myopic eyes, the association of en face RNFL defect with MD and PSD was much stronger (R2=0.503 and R2=0.555, respectively) than that of red-free RNFL defect with MD and PSD (R2=0.216 and R2=0.166, respectively) (P < 0.05 for all).
Conclusions: En face RNFL defect showed a higher correlation with severity of visual field loss than did red-free RNFL defect. The same dynamic was observed for highly myopic eyes.
Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Human Vocal Fold Fibroblast Cell Lines
Authors: Chu Yinying , Fang Yi , Wu Haitao , Cheng Lei , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose Vocal fold scarring is abnormal scar tissue in the lamina propria layer of the vocal fold. To facilitate investigation of vocal fold scarring, we established and characterized immortalized human vocal fold fibroblast (iHVFF) cell lines.
Methods Human vocal fold fibroblasts were immortalized by introducing Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40TAg) by transfection. Successfully transfected fibroblasts were sorted using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blot were applied to analyze the expression of fibronectin, vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Cell proliferation rate was measured by CCK-8 assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression level.
Results The iHVFFs continued to proliferate for more than 30 generations and appeared spindle-shaped. The expression of Vimentin and α-SMA were detected in both iHVFFs and primary fibroblasts, and enhanced expression of FAP was observed in iHVFFs. Furthermore, iHVFFs exhibited an increased proliferative capability compared with the primary fibroblasts. RT-qPCR results suggested that collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the iHVFFs significantly increased, whereas transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), elastin and matrix metallopeptidase-1 (MMP-1) expression significantly downregulated. No differences in mRNA expression of α-SMA, fibronectin and collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) were noted between iHVFFs and primary fibroblasts.
Conclusion iHVFFs can be used as a novel tool cell for future researches on the mechanisms of pathogenesis and treatment of vocal fold scarring.
Neuronal injury assessment with early-phases of [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET versus [18F]flutemetamol β-amyloid-PET recordings
Authors: Völter Friederike , Beyer Leonie , Eckenweber Florian , Scheifele Maximilian , Bui Ngoc , Patt Marianne , Barthel Henryk , Katzdobler Sabrina , Palleis Carla , Franzmeier Nicolai , Levin Johannes , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Sabri Osama , Hong Jimin , Cumming Paul , Rominger Axel , Shi Kuanyu , Bartenstein Peter , Brendel Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Characteristic features of β-amyloid-PET (A), tau-PET (T) and FDG-PET (N) can serve for the A/T/N classification of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies showed that the early, perfusion-weighted phases of β-amyloid- or tau-PET recordings serve as surrogates for cerebrometabolic deficits to FDG-PET, therefore indicate neuronal injury. As such, two channels of diagnostic information can be obtained in the setting of a single PET scan. However, there has hitherto been no comparison of early-phase β-amyloid- and tau-PET as surrogates for deficits in perfusion/metabolism. Therefore, we undertook to compare [18F]flutemetamol β-amyloid-PET and [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET as “one-stop shop” dual purpose tracers for detection of neurodegenerative disease.
Methods
We obtained early-phase PET recordings with [18F]PI-2620 (0.5–2.5 min p.i.) and [18F]flutemetamol (0–10 min p.i.) in 66 patients with suspected neurodegenerative disease. We contrasted global mean normalized images (SUVr) in the patients with a normal cohort of 15 volunteers without evidence of increased pathology to β-amyloid- and tau-PET examinations. Regional group differences of tracer uptake (z-scores) of 246 Brainnetome volumes-of-interest were calculated for both tracers, and the correlations of the z-scores were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Lobar compartments, regions with significant neuronal injury (z-scores < -3) and patients with different neurodegenerative disease entities (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease or 4R-tauopathies) served for subgroup analysis. Additionally, we used partial regression to correlate regional neuronal injury with clinical tests.
Results
The z-scores of perfusion-weighted images of both tracers showed high correlations across brain, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes, which were the brain regions with pronounced neuronal injury (R = 0.83 ± 0.08; range: 0.61–0.95). Z-scores of individual patients correlated well by region (R = 0.57 ± 0.15; range: 0.16–0.90), notably when significant neuronal injury was present (R = 0.66 ± 0.15; range: 0.28–0.90).
Conclusion
The early perfusion phases of tau- and β-amyloid-PET are roughly equivalent indices of perfusion defect indicative of regional and lobar neuronal injury in patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. As such, either tracer may serve as a comparable diagnostic channel in the A/T/N classification framework.
The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during exercise stress testing: a focus on patients with severe obesity undergoing sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Vecchiato Marco , Quinto Giulia , Neunhaeuserer Daniel , Battista Francesca , Bettini Silvia , Gasperetti Andrea , Vettor Roberto , Busetto Luca , Ermolao Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) is a common bariatric surgery with beneficial effects on weight loss and comorbidities. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of arrhythmias during maximal exercise testing in patients with moderate-severe obesity and to evaluate the impact of SG on these arrhythmic events.
Methods: All patients with moderate or severe obesity who were considered suitable candidates for SG between June 2015 and September 2020 were recruited. Each patient underwent three incremental, maximal, ECG-monitored cardiopulmonary exercise test one month before and six and twelve months after SG; the frequency and complexity of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) and atrial premature beats (APBs) have been evaluated during rest, exercise and recovery phases.
Results: 50 patients with severe obesity (BMI 46.39 ±7.89 kg/m2) were included in the study. After SG, patients presented a decreased BMI (34.15 ± 6.25 kg/m2 at six months post-SG and 31.87 ± 5.99 kg/m2 at twelve months post-SG). At six months post-SG, an increase in VPBs, mainly during the recovery phase, was observed. At twelve months post-SG, a reduction in VPBs compared with the six months evaluation was showed.
Conclusion: Although in the early post-surgical phase the risk of exercise-induced arrhythmias may be higher, SG does not seem to increase the occurrence of arrhythmias in the long-term. No life-threating arrhythmias were found during post-SG evaluations.
Parental experiences of recontacting for extended genetic testing after a terminated pregnancy for congenital malformations
Authors: slegers ileen , Keymolen Kathelijn , Kim Van Berkel , Dimitrov Boyan , Dooren Sonia Van , Cooreman Rani , Hes Frederik , Fobelets Maaike 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Rapid advances in genetic testing techniques increase the possibility of finding a genetic diagnosis. In the case of couples who underwent a termination of pregnancy (TOP) due to foetal congenital malformations, these techniques might reveal the cause and meet the parent's need to know. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the experiences of couples with being recontacted after TOP for congenital malformations, as well as the reasons for participating. A retrospective cohort of 31 couples was recontacted for additional genetic testing by sending a standardized letter followed by a telephone call. Fourteen couples (45%) agreed to participate. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews at the genetics department of the hospital (UZ Brussel). Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. We found that, despite the years that passed since the TOP, participants were still interested to perform novel genetic testing. They appreciated that the initiative for recontacting came from the medical team and described it as a sensitive approach. Both intrinsic (searching for answers for themselves and their children) and extrinsic motivators (contributing to science and helping other parents) were identified as important drivers of participation. These results show that, even after several years, many couples are still interested and motivated to be recontacted for further genetic testing. The results of this study can offer guidance in current debate on recontacting patients in the field of genetics.
Model Risk Scores May Underestimate Rate of Biochemical Recurrence in African American Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Cohort Analysis of Over 3000 Men
Authors: Reese Adam , Epstein Matthew , Syed Kaynaat , Danella John , Ginzburg Serge , Belkoff Laurence , Tomaszewski Jeffrey , Trabulsi Edouard , Singer Eric , Jacobs Bruce , Raman Jay , Guzzo Thomas , Uzzo Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
This study aims to determine if there is a difference in the CAPRA and Kattan model-adjusted risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and/or adverse pathology between African American (AAM) and Caucasian men (CM) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).
Methods:
We identified men in the Pennsylvania Urologic Regional Collaborative (PURC) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the rate of BCR after RP between CM and AAM adjusting for the CAPRA, CAPRA-S, and pre- and post-operative Kattan model score. Logistic regression models were used to compare the rate of adverse pathology after RP between CM and AAM, adjusting for the same models.
Results:
The 2-year BCR free survival was lower in AAM (72.5%) compared to Caucasian men (CM) (79.0%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.38 (95% CI 1.16-1.63, p<0.001). The rate of BCR was significantly greater in AAM compared to CM after adjustment for pre-op Kattan (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08-1.53; p=0.004), and post-op Kattan scores (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.05-1.49; p<0.001). There was a trend towards higher BCR rates among AAM after adjustment for CAPRA (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.95-1.35; p=0.17) and CAPRA-S (HR 1.11; 95% 0.93-1.32; p=0.25), which did not reach statistical significance. The overall rate of adverse pathology was similar between AAM (38.4%) and CM (37.8%) (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.89-1.17; p=0.72) but was significantly greater in AAM compared to CM after adjusting for CAPRA (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.10-1.50; p=0.001) and Kattan scores (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.06-1.43; p=0.007).
Conclusion:
Our analysis from a large multicenter real world cohort provides further evidence that African American men may have a greater-than predicted rate of BCR and adverse pathology after RP than is currently predicted by CAPRA and Kattan models. Accordingly, AAM may benefit from more frequent use of adjuvant therapies.
Mapping of genomic regions linked to stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.) resistance in lentil using linkage mapping and marker-trait association analysis
Authors: Adobor Stanley , Gela Tadesse S , Banniza Sabine , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium botryosum, is a foliar disease of lentil. It affects the productivity and milling quality of lentil crops, mainly in South Asia and Canada. Development of stemphylium blight resistant cultivars by introgression of resistance alleles from crop wild relatives of lentil, such as Lens ervoides, is one strategy of disease control. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with stemphylium blight resistance by combining linkage mapping and marker-trait association analysis. A total of 182 genotypes of a lentil advanced backcross population (LABC-01) developed from the backcross of the interspecificL. culinaris ´ L. ervoides line LR-59-81 (donor) and cultivar CDC Redberry (recurrent) and 101 diverse lentil accessions selected by stratified random sampling from a lentil diversity panel were genotyped and evaluated for stemphylium blight reactions. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified four loci contributing to stemphylium blight resistance on lentil chromosomes 2, 4 and 5. Marker trait association analysis detected five significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with stemphylium blight resistance within QTLs regions and seven SNP markers outside the QTLs regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. The markers associated with stemphylium blight resistance may be useful for marker-assisted selection of resistant cultivars after validation.
Determinants of Enrolment in Community Based Health Insurance program among households in East Wollega Zone, west Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Desalegn Mengistu , Lemu Teferi , Tadesse Bekuma , Olana Tariku , Kaba Zalalem , Tolossa Tadesse 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background: Ethiopia has launched a community-based health insurance (CBHI) since 2011, which is a principal and innovative financing mechanism to enhance domestic resource mobilization and sustainable health financing. However, CBHI implementation has just started in East Wollega zone with an estimated household of 345,851 households (HHs), and a very low enrolment rate of roughly 19% far from the regional and national target coverage of 80% set for districts.
Objective: To assess determinants of CBHI enrolment among HHs of East Wollega zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022.
Method and materials: Community based unmatched 1:2 case-control study design was conducted between Jan 7and Feb 5/2022 among 428 HHs (144 cases and 284 controls). Cases were selected from HHs who registered for CBHI and currently using CBHI. Controls were from those who do not registered for CBHI membership. Data collected using a semi-structured, interview administered questionnaire. Data coded and entered into SPSS version 25 for analysis. All candidate variables were entered into multivariable analysis done in stepwise back ward LR to declare statistical significant association at P-value <0.05, 95%CI.
Result: Data from 428 (144 enrolled and 284 non-enrolled to CBHI) was collected yielding a response rate of 98.8%. Statistically lower odds of CBHI enrolment was observed among HHs who have poor knowledge [AOR=0.48 (95%CI:0.27,0.85)], perceived not respectful care [ AOR=0.44 (95%CI :0.24,0.81)], unavailability of laboratory services [AOR=0.37(95%CI:0.21,0.66)], inappropriate time of premium payment [AOR=0.31(95%CI:0.18,0.52)]. In addition, medium wealth status category [AOR=0.11(95%CI: 0.03, 0.45)]. Higher odd of CBHI enrolment observed among who have formal education [AOR=2.39(95%CI: 1.28, 4.48)].
Conclusion and recommendation: Educational level, knowledge, time of membership payment, laboratory test availability, perception on respectful care and wealth status were significant determinants of CBHI enrolment status. Therefore, the responsible bodies should discuss and decide with community on the appropriate time of premium payment collection, enhance community education and knowledge on CBHI benefit package. Tracing the continuity of laboratory services, focus on respectful care provision of health care work force and convince the medium and above wealth status classes that the objective of CBHI is to have solidarity of helping each other.
IL-33 promotes double negative T cell survival via the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Sun Xiaojing , Zhang Chunpan , Sun Fanqi , Li Shuxiang , Wang Yaning , Wang Tingting , Li Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
IL-33, which is a crucial modulator of adaptive immune responses far beyond type 2 response, can enhance the function of several T cell subsets and maintain the immune homeostasis. However, the contribution of IL-33 to double negative T (DNT) cell remains unappreciated. Here, we demonstrated that the IL-33 receptor ST2 was expressed on DNT cells, and that IL-33 stimulation increased DNT cell proliferation and survival in vivo and in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing analysis also demonstrated that IL-33 enhanced the biological function of DNT cells, especially their effects on proliferation and survival. IL-33 promoted DNT cells survival by regulating Bcl-2 and Survivin expression. IL-33-TRAF4/6-NF-κB axis activation promoted the transmission of essential division and survival signals in DNT cells. However, IL-33 failed to enhance the expression of immunoregulatory molecules in DNT cells. DNT cell therapy combined with IL-33 inhibited T cell survival and further ameliorated ConA-induced liver injury, which mainly depended on the proliferative effect of IL-33 on DNT cells in vivo. Finally, we stimulated human DNT cells with IL-33, and similar results were observed. In conclusion, we revealed a cell intrinsic role of IL-33 in the regulation of DNT cells, thereby identifying a previously unappreciated pathway supporting the expansion of DNT cells in the immune environment.
Use of artificial intelligence in the classification of elementary orallesions from clinical images
Authors: Gomes Rita Fabiane Teixeira , Schmith Jean , de Figueiredo Rodrigo Marques , Freitas Samuel Armbrust , Machado Giovanna Nunes , Romanini Juliana , Carrard Vinicius Coelho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The Artificial Intelligence has generated a significant impact in health´s field. The aim of this study was to perform the training and validation of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based model to automatically classify six clinical representations categories of oral lesions images.
Method: The CNN model was developed with the objective of automatically classifying the images into six categories of elementary lesions, which are: 1) papule/nodule; 2) macule/spot; 3) vesicle/bullae; 4) erosion; 5) ulcer and 6) plaque. We selected four architectures and using our dataset, we decided to test the following ones: ResNet-50, VGG16, InceptionV3 and Xception. We used the confusion matrix as the main metric for the CNN evaluation and discussion.
Results: A total of 5069 images of oral mucosa lesions were used. The oral elementary lesions classification reached the best result using an architecture based on InceptionV3. After the hyperparameters optimisation, we reached more than 71% of correct predictions in all the six lesion classes. The classification achieved 95.09% as average accuracy on our dataset.
Conclusions: We reported the development of an artificial intelligence model for the automated classification of elementar lesions from oral clinical images, achieving satisfactory performance. Future directions is the study of including trained layers to establish patterns of characteristics that determine benign, potentially malignant and malignant lesions. Clinical Relevance:
Clinical Relevance: Its application in the classification of disease-related images for diagnostic purposes have achieved promising results, capable of recognising patterns in images, supporting the clinician’s decision at the time of evaluation.
Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Zhou Zilin , Li Bin , Jiang Jiaxin , Li Hailong , Cao Lingxiao , Zhang Suming , Gao Yingxue , Zhang Lianqing , Qiu Changjian , Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The function of insula has been increasingly mentioned in the neurocircuitry models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for its role in affective processing and regulating anxiety and its wide interactions with classic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit. However, the insular resting-state functional connectivity patterns in OCD remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate characteristic intrinsic connectivity alterations of insula in OCD and their associations with clinical features.
Methods
We obtained the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 85 drug-free OCD patients and 85 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). We performed the general linear model to compare the whole-brain intrinsic functional connectivity maps of the bilateral insula between OCD and HC groups. In addition, we further explored the relationship between the intrinsic functional connectivity alterations of insula and clinical features using partial correlation analysis.
Results
Compared with HC, patients with OCD exhibited the increased intrinsic connectivity between the bilateral insula and bilateral precuneus gyrus extending to inferior parietal lobule and supplementary motor area. While we only found the decreased intrinsic connectivity between the right insula and bilateral lingual gyrus in OCD patients relative to HC subjects, which was negatively correlated with the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms in the OCD group.
Conclusions
In the current study, we identified the impaired insular intrinsic connectivity in OCD patients, and the dysconnectivity of right insula and bilateral lingual gyrus was associated with the anxiety and depressive severity of OCD. These findings provide the neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of insula in OCD and emphasize its considerable role in the anxiety or depressive symptoms of OCD.