bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Seed Coating and Granular Systemics for Flea Beetle Control, 1992
Authors: Noetzel David , Kellesvig Curt 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This was a cooperative study with Agrigenetics on their research station at Breckinridge, MN. Coated seed was made available from Grow Tec, Ltd in Nisku, Alberta, Canada. Plots were established in clay type soils and individual plots were 6 rows, 0.9 m on center, 6.10 m in length. Treatments were replicated 4 times, in a randomized complete block. Granular applications were mixed with the seed and planted on Apr 30. The at-plant broadcast liquids were applied immediately post plant and raked in lightly. First foliar applications at germination were made on 21 May. Uneven germination made it difficult to properly time these applications. Final foliar applications were made on 16 Jul.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1991
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Jenson J. M. , Chambers W. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of several insecticide treatments for control of 1st generation ECB larvae, were conducted near Chester, SD. Preapplication counts indicated a uniform infestation of 3rd-instar, or younger larvae in ca. 80% of stalks sampled. Granules were applied to corn at whorl (2 Jul, ca. 1 wk prior to tasseling) stage. Untreated controls were used to assess the performance of 11 granular and 9 liquid insecticide treatments in single row plots (16.4 cm by 30.5 m) using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Granules were placed directly into corn plant whorls using a Gandy pneumatic device powered by a 3.5 hp gasoline engine. Noble metering units attached to a modified chain-driven apparatus regulated the amount of granules released into the pneumatic device. The entire system was mounted on a Highboy applicator. Liquids were applied with a 3 gal CO2 backpack sprayer unit and a hand-held spray boom equipped with a single Teejet 8002 nozzle delivering 20 gal/acre at 39 psi. Insecticides were applied to corn at whorl stage. Approximately 1 month following application (2 August), twenty cornstalks were randomly chosen from each plot. Each plant was bisected vertically and examined for ECB stalk tunneling damage. The number and length of ECB cavities were recorded and analyzed using SAS’s GLM procedure with means being compared by DMRT.
Apple, European Red Mite and Two Spotted Spider Mite Control, 1992
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in an orchard with trees of mixed ages near Malaga, Washington. The experimental design was randomized complete block with nine treatments and four single tree replications. All trees were treated with Asana 0.66 EC at 2 oz/100 gal, 200 gal/acre on 18 Jun to eliminate predatory mites. Blocks were based on pre-treatment counts on 30 Jun. Test materials were applied on 2 Jul. Per acre rates were based on 400 gal/acre dilute application. Treatments were applied with a handgun operated at 300 psi, sprayed to the point of drip. Population density samples were 25 leaves per tree. Leaf samples were brushed onto glass plates with a leaf-brushing machine and mites were counted under a dissecting microscope.
Apple, Test of One-Tenth Rates of Asana on Galandromus Occidentals, 1992
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a mature ‘Delicious’ orchard with ‘Golden Delicious’ pollenizers. Only trees of c v. ‘Delicious’ were used in the experiment. The trees were ca. 2-2.5 m in height and were irrigated with undertree impact sprinklers. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with block assigned on the basis of pre-treatment populations of WPM. There were four single-tree replicates per treatment. Each set of 16 trees used for each timing was separated from another set by at least one buffer row. Each tree used within the row was separated by at least one buffer tree from another treated tree, with the exception of the half-inch green (HIG) treatments.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1992
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworms. Both experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Centre at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn was planted no-till on 14 May (in both experiments) using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2 row planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 x 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replication per treatment. Plants were counted on 9 Jun (Experiment 1) and 10 Jun (Experiment 2). Root damage ratings were evaluated 3 Aug (Experiment 1) and 5 Aug (Experiment 2) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 17 Nov (Experiment 2). Percent moisture was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and adjusted to 15.5%.
Corn Rootworm Control, 1992
Authors: Jarvi Keith J. , Witkowski John F. , Echtenkamp Gerald W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular and liquid insecticides were applied at planting time (P) and post plant at Concord, NE. The test plot was planted 8 May in a continuous corn field with a silty clay loam type. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Each treatment consisted of a single 16 m long row; rows were 75 cm apart. Granular materials were applied infurrow or in an 18 cm band with a John Deere 2 row planter equipped with a cone-belt insecticide distributor and incorporation tines. Cultivation treatments (C) were applied over the row on 12 Jun with a cone-belt distributor mounted on a hand powered bicycle wheel applicator. Cultivation application was followed immediately by a tractor mounted cultivator after all treatments were applied. Furadan 4 F was applied over the row at 2 different rates and 2 different times (21 May, E, and 3 Jun, L) in a 37 cm band, with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 25 psi, approximately 142 liters/ha total volume. No phytotoxicity was observed. Stand counts were not significantly different. Feeding damage was evaluated 20 and 21 Jul. Five roots were dug from each treatment row and rated by the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes of toots completely destroyed).
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Fall Armyworm and Bollworm on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1992
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted in a Wagram loamy sand on 28 Apr near Gibson, NC. The fertility and weed management programs followed NCSU recommendations with 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15 G applied in furrow at planting. Plot size was 6 rows (38 inch centers) x 50 ft with 10 ft alleys. A randomized complete block was used with 5 replicates. Treatments were applied via a backpack-type CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gal total volume-per acre at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spraying Systems® nozzle per row. Initial treatment was based upon exceeding a threshold of 10 eggs per 100 terminals, with the 2nd application 5 d later. The 3rd and final application was triggered by meeting a larval threshold of 3 percent BW or FAW in fruit. Application dates were 25 and 30 Jul and 21 Aug. Twenty-five squares and bolls per plot were inspected for live caterpillars and damage on 4 Aug and 3 Sep. Yields were picked with a 2 row John Deere mechanical harvester. Insect and yield data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT (P = 0.05).
Evaluation of Ac 303630 for Control of Selected Cotton Pests, 1991
Authors: Burris E. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton seed was planted 13 May on a Bruin silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots were 6 rows (1.02 m wide) x 19.8 m, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an infurrow treatment of Temik 15 G, 0.56 kg (AI)/ha, and Terraclor Super-X 12.5 G, 0.28 + 1.1 kg (AI)/ha. The plots were treated for boll weevils with methyl parathion 4 E on 19 Jun, and Guthion 2 L on 28 Aug. The test treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. The spray volume was calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha with 2, X-18 hollow-cone nozzles/row. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows of the plots. Applications were made on 9, 12, 15, 29 Jul, 5, and 13 Aug. Bollworm-tobacco budworm (BW-TBW) terminal damage, BW-TBW square damage, boll weevil square damage and secondary pests were sampled on 12, 17, 23, 31, Jul, 1, and 7 Aug by sampling either 6 meters/plot, 25 squares/plot, 100 squares/plot, or counting 20 washed terminal leaves and 5 leaves collected from the middle of the plant. Secondary pests were counted using a binocular microscope. Yields were determined by harvesting the 4 center rows of each plot with a mechanical harvester on 27 Sep.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1992
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 4 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on 10 Jul (Trials 1 and 2) and 28 Jul (Trial 3) with a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gal/acre at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2, TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. In Trial 1, a pretreatment survey on 9 Jul indicated a moderate aphid infestation. In Trial 2, pretreatment counts were made on 9 Jul. Posttreatment aphid counts in both trials were made on 13 Jul and 17 Jul. In Trial 3, pretreatment counts were made on 28 Jul; posttreatment aphid counts were made on 3 Aug. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by counting aphids within 1.0 inch2 on the under surface of a leaf in the top, middle and bottom ⅓ of 40 randomly chosen plants/treatment (Trials 1 and 2) or, similarly, only in the top and middle ⅓ portions (Trial 3)
Control of Tpb and Eas on Semi-Dwarf Apple Trees, 1992
Authors: Bostanian N. J. , Racette G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three treatments and three replications in a small plot of 0.36 ha. Each replication was three rows wide and 11 trees long (0.04 ha). TPB activity was monitored by 4 sticky traps (white boards covered with tangle trap) place at the four corners of the plot. The traps were about 1 m above ground and placed on an outside branch. At tight cluster (11 May), 18 TPB were caught on the four traps and control measures were initiated the following morning. Treatments were applied with a Swanson® airblast sprayer adjusted to deliver 450 1/ha (47.4 gallons/acre) at 1034 KPA (150 PSI). Spray drift from one row to the other was eliminated with the use of a screen (12 x 16 ft) mounted on a trailer and pulled along by a second tractor running parallel with the sprayer in the adjacent passageway. At harvest 250 apples were collected from the center row of each replicate (750 apples per treatment) and scored for TPB and EAS injury. An analysis of variance was carried out on the actual data.
Apple, Concentrate and Dilute Acaricide Evaluation Test, 1992
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 3 replicates of ‘Yorking’ and 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’. Trees were planted to a spacing of 20 x 20 ft and were 19 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre, driven at 2 mph, except for HHE-3736 70 WG and Savey 50 WP which were applied dilute to run-off with a high pressure handgun at approximately 4 gal of spray per tree. Application dates varied between treatments and are as listed in the tables. All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (captan 50 WP, Nova 40 WP, Penncozeb 80 WP and Topsin 85 DF) and nutrients (Solubor and CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 35 WP, Lannate 1.8 L) were applied at 1- to 2-wk intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. Effectiveness of treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree (125 leaves/treatment). Effects of treatments on SP were measured by 3 minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of trees. Russet ratings are based on 30 ‘Golden Delicious’ apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51% russeted surface). Possible ranges are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface).
Apple, Oblique-Banded Leafroller Control with Insecticides, 1992
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Douglas, MI (‘D’ Block) at a rate of 150 gal/acre with a CP 3000 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized units consisting of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made on 2, 15 and 22 Jul. Streptomycin, Dithane, Captan and Nova were applied separately to all treatments. A terminal evaluation was made on 7 Aug by randomly selecting 50 terminals per tree (200 per treatment) and counting terminals with leafroller larvae or feeding damage. A harvest fruit evaluation was made on 10 Sep with 100 fruit taken randomly from the periphery of the tree (400 per treatment) and inspected for leafroller damage.
Pear, Grape Mealybug Control, 1992
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature pear trees were sprayed with a handgun operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of GMB. Plots consisted of 8 single-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated by counting GMB on 10 shoots per replicate on 2 Jun and by rating 25 fruits per replicate at harvest for presence of nymphs in the calyx and fruit russet from honeydew. All early season treatments except AC 303630 were applied twice, at clusterbud (CB) stage (26 Mar) and petal fall (PF) stage (17 Apr) of tree development. AC 303630 was applied only once at PF. Three of the treatments were applied only at the time of summer generation crawlers activity (1 Jul).
Pear, Insecticide Evaluations, 1992
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature ‘Bartlett’ pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of 5 single-tree replicates in randomized block design. All treatments except Agridyne and NTN 33893 at 6.7 oz were applied 23 Apr, 19 May and 20 Jul. Agridyne was applied 23, 30 Apr, 7 May and 1, 8, 15 Jun. NTN 33893 at 6.7 oz was applied 23 Apr and 19 May. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by counts made at 2-wk intervals. Adult PP were counted from a 5-beating-tray sample per replication. PP nymphs were counted from a 25-leafsample per replicate. Samples prior to 26 May consisted of fruiting spur leaves, those during the remainder of the season consisted of the proximal leaf, distal leaf and 3 leaves from the middle of 5 terminal shoots. Leaves were brushed and resulting slides were examined under 10 X magnification. Fruit damage by insects and mites was rated according to US grade standards for fresh market ‘Bartlett’ pears on 2 samples of 25 mature fruits per replication. Factors of fruit quality including firmness, soluble solids and size were evaluated from 2 10-fruit samples per replicate at normal harvest maturity. Fruit and foliage were examined for phytotoxicity after each spray.
Pear, Summer Control of Pear Psylla and Pear Rust Mite, 1992
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature Bartlett trees in Fennville, MI (VanVorhees-Middle Block) were sprayed with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer at 100 921/acre of finished spray. Trees were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Materials were applied as indicated in the table on 6 May (white bud), 14 May (petal fall), 27 May (IC), 8 Jun (2C), 22 Jun (3C), and 2 Jul (4C). Streptomycin, Ferbam, Bee-scent, and Dodine were applied to all treatments separately. Dates of PP and PRM evaluation were 20 May, 2, 9, 16, and 23 Jun, 2, 9, 15, 24, and 30 Jul, 6, 13, and 21 Aug. At each evaluation, 50 leaves/replication (200 per treatment) were picked and brushed in a mite brushing machine. Resulting plates were examined under a stereo microscope for PRM adults. Twenty-five of the 50 leaves were also evaluated under a stereo microscope for PP nymphs and eggs. PP adults were not evaluated. At harvest on 25 Aug, 50 fruit per replicate (200 per treatment) were examined for Sooty mold and Russeting. Evaluations were based on visual inspection, with the scoring criteria listed on the table.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Eastern Grape Leafhopper, 1991
Authors: Muza Andrew J. , Saunders Michael C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a mature vineyard at the Erie County Field Research Laboratory in North East, PA. Treatments were applied to Concord grapes trained to the single curtain (no tie) system. Treatments consisted of 6-vine plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Each treatment row was separated by 2 untreated buffer rows. Applications were made using a Friend, small plot sprayer equipped with an FMC, vineyard boom. Treatments were applied at 100 gal/acre with pressure adjusted to 100 psi. The treatments were applied on 12 Jul. Precipitation for Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep was 3.64, 1.00, 0.75, 3.49, 3.07 and 3.25 inches, respectively. A pre-treatment count of leafhopper nymphs was taken on 9 Jul. Post-treatment evaluations was conducted 5, 14, 21 and 31 days after application. Evaluations consisted of randomly selecting 10 injured leaves per plot and recording the number of leafhopper nymphs.
Apple, Codling Moth Control with Sevin, 1991
Authors: Brunner Jay F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sevin at different treatment schedules were compared to the standard rate and timing of Guthion for control of CM. The test orchard was located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Test trees were 17-year-old non-spur ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test design consisted of four single-tree replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. In all cases the first treatment was applied at the beginning of CM egg hatch, 28 May, 250 degree days following first capture of moths in a pheromone trap. After the first CM generation (16 Jul), 100 fruit from each replicate were examined and the number damaged by CM recorded. At harvest (29 Aug), 200 fruit were picked from each replicate and examined for damage by CM and PLR. CM damage was rated as a “sting” (an unsuccessful entry in the fruit denoted by a scar but no penetration) or a deep entry. Mites were sampled from Jun through Jul. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope.
Citrus Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1992
Authors: French J. Victor , Hernandez Elias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental acaricide, AC 303630 alone and tank mixed with NR 440 spray oil, was compared to standard Kelthane and Vendex treatments for efficacy against CRM. Treatments were randomly assigned to single tree plots and replicated 4 times in a 6-yr-old grapefruit orchard on 12 X 24 ft spacing. Treatment sprays were applied on 14 May to foliar runoff (ca. 1.7 gal/tree) using a Hypro 5200 portable high pressure handgun sprayer operating at 200 psi. At each count date, 13 fruit per replicate (52/treatment) were randomly selected and examined in situ with a 10 x handlens. All live CRM were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on the shaded side of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation.
Citrus Thrips Control and Impact on California Red Scale, 1989
Authors: Morse J. G. , Walker G. P. , Brawner O. L. , Aitken D.C.G. , Smith D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides for control of CT were evaluated during spring, 1989 on 5-year-old “Old Line” ‘Washington navel’ orange trees in Field 41-42 located at the University of California, Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, California. The effect of these treatments on CRS also was evaluated. One hundred-ten single tree plots were assigned to 10 blocks (11 trees per block) based on pretreatment levels of CRS so that the 11 trees per block had similar pretreatment infestations of CRS. One tree in each block then was assigned randomly to each of the 11 treatments. Thus, the experimental design for CRS data was a randomized complete block with 10 blocks which was analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. However, the criterion for blocking (scale infestation) was irrelevant to thrips populations, therefore, the thrips data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with 10 replicates. There were 11 treatments: an untreated control and two types of spray coverage for each of 5 insecticides. “Scale” spray coverage was high volume (ca. 1,000 gal/acre) with the objective of wetting all interior and exterior woody and foliar surfaces. This is a type of coverage used to control CRS. “Thrips” coverage was low volume (200 gal/acre) with the objective of obtaining outside coverage (i.e. wetting the exterior of the tree only).
Codling Moth Control with Insect Growth Regulators, 1992
Authors: Fouche C. F. , Steenwyk R. A. Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted on ‘Serr’ walnuts in a commercial orchard near Arbuckle, Calif. Five treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. There was a buffer tree in each direction from the experimental trees. Treatments were applied with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 300 psi and delivering 400 gal/acre of finished spray (8.3 gal/tree). RH-5992 at 0.125 lb Al/acre was applied on 15 Apr (CM egg deposition) and again on 11 May. RH-5992 at 0.25 lb Al/acre, Imidan and Lorsban (grower standard program) were applied on 27 Apr (5-10% CM egg hatch) for the overwintering generation. In addition, RH-5992 at 0.125 lb Al/acre was applied on 3 Jun (start of oviposition for the first CM generation) and again on 24 Jul, while RH-5992 at 0.25 lb Al/acre, Imidan and Guthion (grower standard program) were applied on 17 Jul (5% to 10% egg hatch of first generation). Control of the overwintering generation was evaluated by counting all CM-infested dropped nuts weekly from 26 May through 24 Jun. Control of the first generation was evaluated by inspecting 100 nuts/tree at commercial harvest on 17 Sep for CM and NOW infestation.