bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A soil stratigraphic unit provides evidence for Late Quaternary climate change in the Chobe Enclave, northern Botswana
Authors: Eze Peter N. , Molwalefhe Loago N. , Kebonye Ndiye M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A quarry in the Chobe Enclave, northern Botswana, exposes a prominent pedostratigraphic unit of approximately 8 metres consisting of two pedostratigraphic levels (PL), older PL1 and younger PL2. In a region where proxies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction are terribly lacking, this study assessed the potentials of paleosols (fossil soils) to answer fundamental questions about weathering, pedogenic intensity and environmental change using macromorphology, geochemistry and clay mineralogy. SiO2 is the dominant major oxide (40.6- 98.9 wt. %) followed by CaO (0.02-29.6 wt. %), Fe2O3 (0.48- 2.64 wt. %), MgO (0.14 – 1.81 wt. %) and Al2O3 (0.29 – 0.93 wt. %). The clay-sized minerals present in the paleosols are sepiolite, quartz, calcite and kaolinite. The carbonates had strong positive correlation with Sr (R2 = 0.935), while Fe2O3 had weak positive correlation with TiO2 (R2 = 0.0187). PL1 developed on materials of fluvial origin and is genetically immature with A/C horizons. In comparison with modern soil, PL1 would qualify as Entisols (Fluvent or Fluvaquent in Soil Taxonomy). PL2 is comparable to modern Calsisol and formed from protracted period of post burial dissolution, downward translocation and recrystallization of the palustrine carbonates to form pedogenic carbonates. Calcification, incipient ferralization and leaching of soluble salts are the dominant pedogenic processes in the pedostratigraphic section. Weathering and pedogenesis were generally incipient in the unit. Late Quaternary hydrological dynamics in the Chobe Enclave was the major driver for the formation of the soil stratigraphic unit. This study demonstrates the applicability of paleosols for reconstructing and discerning palaeoenvironmental and climate dynamics and gives the possibility of connecting pedosedimentary processes in the area to regional palaeoenvironmental archives.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Risk Factors for an Undesirable Buccal Split During Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Fujii Yasuyuki , Hatori Ayano , Sugiyama-Tamura Tomoko , Hamada Hayato , Sugisaki Risa , Kanno Yuki , Sato Marika , Kono Michihide , Hasegawa On , Kawase-Koga Yoko , Chikazu Daichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) sometimes induces an irregular split pattern referred to as a bad split. We investigated the risk factors for bad splits in the buccal plate of the ramus during SSRO. Methods: Ramus morphology and bad splits in the buccal plate of the ramus were assessed using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography images.Results: Of the 53 rami analyzed, 45 had a successful split, and 8 had a bad split in the buccal plate. Horizontal images at the height of the mandibular foramen showed that there were significant differences in the ratio of the forward thickness to the backward thickness of the ramus between patients with a successful split and those with a bad split. In addition, the distal region of the cortical bone tended to be thicker and the curve of the lateral region of the cortical bone tended to be smaller in the bad split group than in the control group. Conclusion: These results indicated that a ramus shape in which the width becomes thinner towards the back frequently induces bad splits in the buccal plate of the ramus during SSRO, and more attention should be paid to patients who have rami of these shapes in future surgeries.
A Protocol For Chenopodium Quinoa Pollen Germination
Authors: Castillo S. Elizabeth , Tovar Jose C. , Shamin Anastasia , Gutirerrez Jorge , Pearson Paige , Gehan Malia A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Quinoa is an increasingly popular seed crop frequently studied for its tolerance to various abiotic stresses as well as its susceptibility to heat. Estimations of quinoa pollen viability through staining methods have resulted in conflicting results. A more effective alternative to stains is to estimate pollen viability through in vitro germination. Here we report a method for in vitro quinoa pollen germination that could be used to understand the impact of various stresses on quinoa fertility and therefore seed yield or to identify male-sterile lines for breeding. Results: A semi-automated method to count germinating pollen was developed in PlantCV, which can be widely used by the community. Pollen collected on day 4 after first anthesis at ZT5 was optimum for pollen germination with an average germination of 68% for accession QQ74 (PI 614886). The optimal length of pollen incubation was found to be 48 hours, because it maximizes germination rates while minimizing contamination. The pollen germination medium’s pH, boric acid, and sucrose concentrations were optimized. The highest germination rates were obtained with 16% sucrose, 0.03% boric acid, 0.007% calcium nitrate, and pH 5.5. This medium was tested on quinoa accessions QQ74, and cherry vanilla with 68%, and 64% germination efficiencies, respectively. Conclusions: We provide an in vitro pollen germination method for quinoa with average germination rates of 64 and 68% on the two accessions tested. This method is a valuable tool to estimate pollen viability in quinoa, and to test how stress affects quinoa fertility. We also developed an image analysis tool to semi-automate the process of counting germinating pollen. Quinoa produces many new flowers during most of its panicle development period, leading to significant variation in pollen maturity and viability between different flowers of the same panicle. Therefore, collecting pollen at 4 days after first anthesis is very important to collect more uniformly developed pollen and to obtain high germination rates.
Prevalence and Predictors of Mental Illness Among Inmates in Northwestern Ethiopia: a New Look Into the Roles of Rehabilitation Service Use.
Authors: Yesuf Yassin Mohammed , Birhan Amlaku Alemu , Birara Addisu Gedlu , Adimas Bewket Dereje , Bezabeh Abebe Bahiru , Agmase Nega Gedfaw 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundData over the magnitude of mental illnesses and associated factors among inmates in Ethiopia in general and in Amhara region in particular are scares. The available studies either focused on specific type of mental illness or include inmates from a single correctional center and leave aside the role of rehabilitation service use in inmates’ mental illness. Therefore, the present study was conducted to look into the prevalence of mental illnesses and to examine the associated demographic, imprisonment related and rehabilitation service use related factors that predict the mental illnesses of inmates in Northwestern Ethiopia. MethodsThe study employed cross-sectional, descriptive and explanatory research design where data was collected from 422 inmates from three randomly selected prisons. Inmates' mental illness was assessed using the Self Report Questionnaire (SQR-20). Frequency, percentage, bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the collected data. ResultsIn the study it was revealed that 74.6% of the inmates in Northwestern Ethiopia have mental illnesses. Feeling unhappy, difficulty to play important role in life, headaches and bad sleep were experienced by majority of the respondents. Male inmates (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.07 - 5.37) and inmates who participate in the educational training services (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.36 - 3.55) were found to have higher chances of having mental illnesses. On the other hand, inmates who participate in life skill training programs (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28 - 0.74) and inmates who participate in recreational and cultural activities (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14 - 0.46) were found to have lower odds of developing mental illnesses. ConclusionHigher prevalence of mental illnesses among inmates was found in Northwestern Ethiopia and inmates' participation in rehabilitation services were important predictors of their mental health. Thus prison administrators and policy makers need to initiate large scale studies thereby interventions that could reform the rehabilitation services provisions, including mental health services.
The Plastic Hinge Length Prediction of RC Members by Using ANN
Authors: Bayrak Baris , KAPLAN Gökhan , Akarsu Oğuzhan , AYDIN Abdulkadir Cüneyt 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For many years, plastic hinges have been a very interesting and complex topic for researchers and engineers due to plastic deformations. Nonetheless, both standards and empirical relations are insufficient to determine the length of plastic hinges attached to concrete flexural elements. This study aims to analyze studies and formulas used for the calculation of plastic hinges in reinforced concrete (RC) columns and RC sheer walls. In addition, the study also evaluated the effect of plastic hinge behavior on other structural members. The study also evaluated plastic hinge length formulas and plastic hinge formulas of flexure elements either created with numerical modelling or presented with numerical models supported by empirical data. In addition, the data for columns and/or shear walls included in the literature have been evaluated in order to develop a unique formula that anticipates the length of plastic hinges of columns and/or shear walls. In this study, the use of Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN) models in estimating the plastic hinge length of columns and shear walls was investigated. It was observed that the R2 values of the model outputs are greater than 0.98. It has been determined that the developed ANN model is a practical and useful method for estimating the plastic hinge length of columns and shear walls, both.
Can the decline in happiness in Europe be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and its interaction with the budget deficit?
Authors: Armand Gilbert Noula , Avom Désiré , Nguekam Orfé Chouafi , Deffo Salomon Leroy Ghamsi , Kenfack Martial Aimé , AHMED Ali Salim NGNEMADOM 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a great slump in the world. There has been an alarming increase in mortality rate, number of infections, and deterioration of macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, which have worsened the happiness and well-being of the population, despite the multi-faceted restraint and supports measures implemented by several governments to curb the spread of the virus. Using sample of 31 European countries as a dataset, this paper analyzes the effect of the worsening COVID-19 budget deficit on people's happiness in the year 2020. The main idea is to determine, independently of a country's characteristics, the duration of the pandemic or the containment regulations; whether the effect of the pandemic on happiness is increased by the worsening of the budget deficit. The Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimation shows that death tolls and infected cases of COVID-19 are key determinants that significantly worsen individuals' happiness. In addition, its interaction with fiscal deficit further decreases people's life satisfaction, since the budgetary situation of these countries was already unsustainable long before the pandemic. Hence, there is urgency for States to provide for a community solidarity fund for the resources necessary for crisis management in their budget line.
Is the pitching moment acting on a Javelin always nose-down?
Authors: Seo Kazuya , Okuizumi Hiroyuki , Konishi Yasufumi , Kobayashi Takuto , Hasagawa Hiroaki , Obayashi Shigeru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rules governing the dimensions of the Javelin were substantially changed in 1986. It was considered that this new design guaranteed there was zero pitching moment at 0° angle of attack and that the pitching moment decreased (became negative) with increasing angle of attack. The objective of this study is to investigate if the pitching moment remains always negative (nose-down rotation). To measure accurate aerodynamic forces acting on a Javelin, the world’s largest 1m magnetic suspension and balance system was used. The magnetic suspension and balance system was able to measure aerodynamic forces without support interference in the wind tunnel. In addition, computational fluid dynamics were carried out to estimate the pitching moment coefficients. It was found that the pitching moment coefficient of a commercially available Javelin becomes positive (nose-up rotation) at lower angles of attack, less than 12°. The pitching moment becomes positive if the upstream side of the center of gravity receives more inflow than the downstream side. This situation can be attained by, for example, increasing the thickness of the upstream side when compared with that of the downstream side.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in the Rat Model
Authors: Zhang Na , Yuan Yanping , Yang Liping , Wang Guowei , Yang Huan , Wang Zhao , Li Xiaocong , Yu Liming , Zhang Denger , Wang Huanyu , Wang Zhenhai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Guillain–Barré Syndrome Associated with Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) infection,the mechanism of JEV which caused peripheral nerve injury remains unknown.Recently, it has been suggested that an altered sphingolipid metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy. In light of the emerging evidence of peripheral nerve injury when JEV infected and the evidence in the pathogenesis of neuroimmunity, we aimed to make a rat model which peripheral nerve injury after JEV infection and investigate relevant damage mechanism. Methods: We investigated the infected rat with peripheral neuropathy induced by JEV. The rat exhibited behavioral and pathological signs of peripheral nervous injury. The motor function of rats were determined by clinical scoring and tissue examination.Electrophysiological measurements and transmission electron microscopy was used on sciatic nerves to assess peripheral peripheral nervous injury.ELISA were used to evaluate IFNγ, IL-17,ceramide and acid sphingomyelinase level. Immunofluorescence was performed on sciatic nerves to assess the expression and localization of ceramide and matrix metalloproteinase-9.Results: Japanese encephalitis virus induced peripheral neuropathy in rat,evidenced by the aggravated clinical scores, electrophysiological,transmission electron microscopy,circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histological anomalies, suggesting that demyelination and axonal damage of sciatic nerves. JEV destroyed the tight junction structure of rat’s blood nerve barrier and increased ceramide and matrix metalloproteinase-9.Conclusion:These data suggest that JEV is a potential reason caused peripheral nerve injury in rat model and this model can be used for the investigation of the roles of various cytokines and acid sphingomyelinase,ceramide system in infection-induced peripheral neuropathy. Further investigation of this model could give a better understanding and lead to more effective evidences for JEV infection-associated peripheral neuropathy.
Mental health of working parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Can resilience buffer the impact of psychosocial work stress on depressive symptoms?
Authors: Garthus-Niegel Susan , Brym Stephanie , Mack Judith T. , Weise Victoria , Kopp Marie , Steudte-Schmiedgen Susann 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has confronted working parents with an accumulation of stressors regarding changes in work, family, and social life, putting their mental health at risk. Stressors include altered working conditions such as working from home or changes in working hours as well as the difficulty to reconcile work and childcare due to the closure of childcare facilities. The present study examined the relationship of psychosocial work stress (i.e., work-privacy conflict and effort-reward imbalance at work) and depressive symptoms in working parents and whether this association was moderated by individual resilience.Methods: Data of the present study (n = 452) were collected in Germany between May and June 2020 as part of the DREAMCORONA study. A subsample of working mothers (n = 191) and fathers (n = 261) completed the subscale for work-privacy conflict (WPC) of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple linear regression analyses including moderation were performed, controlling for gender, working hours per week, and a lifetime history of depression as potential confounders.Results: Both WPC (β = 0.336, p < .001) and ERI (β = 0.254, p < .001) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Resilience moderated the relationship between ERI and depressive symptoms (β = -0.101, p = .018), indicating that higher resilience weakened the relationship. However, this effect was not found regarding the relationship between WPC and depressive symptoms (β = 0.055, p = .167). Conclusions: The results highlight the need for measures to reduce psychosocial work stressors such as WPC and ERI during the COVID-19 pandemic on the one hand and to promote resilience on the other hand. The findings partially support the potential protective role of resilience buffering the association of psychosocial stress and mental health in working parents. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this effect.
Improving the identification of large vessel occlusion stroke during the emergency call: a protocol of the LESTOR study
Authors: Rau Diana , Zimmermann Nicole , Schuchardt Florian , Nau Anne , Meier Simone , Herrmann Matthias L. , Bergmann Ulrike , Brich Jochen , Farin-Glattacker Erik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLarge vessel occlusions (LVO) cause up to 30% of acute ischemic strokes. Mechanical thrombectomy is the first line treatment performed by neurointerventionalists. In Germany, neurointerventionalists are mostly situated in comprehensive stroke centres (CSC). Thus, long transport distances to CSCs may be necessary. The aim of this study is to design, implement and evaluate an intervention that involves lay first responders (LFR) in the early identification of LVO, followed by a direct assignment to a CSC.Methods This controlled study with a stepped-wedge design and clustering of six emergency control centres in southwest Germany will stepwise implement LVO screening performed during the emergency call. Individuals with suspected LVO in both the control and intervention group (n=250) will undergo the usual treatment. In addition, emergency medical service dispatchers will screen patients in the intervention group for cortical stroke symptoms and refer those patients with suspected LVO to a CSC, either by ambulance or air rescue. The primary endpoint is the clinical outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale 90 days post-stroke. In addition, we will perform a qualitative process evaluation.Discussion We will assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of a systematic screening for symptoms of LVO stroke implemented at the emergency control centre. The process evaluation will provide additional insight into how the participating emergency professionals perceive the intervention and the psychological impact on LFR.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that early, pre-hospital identification of LVO patients and an optimized rescue chain will enable earlier treatment - especially in rural areas. We expect improved clinical outcomes for LVO patients and a better understanding for future studies with larger sample sizes.Trial registrationDRKS, DRKS-ID: DRKS00022152. Registered 19th October 2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022152; WHO UTN: U1111-1253-5758.
M1A Regulator-Mediated Methylation Modification And Gene Signatures And Their Prognostic Value In Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fu Jiaqi , Han Xingjun , Gao Wei , Cui Jinwei , Yu Manya , Cui Xing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: N1‑methyladenosine (m1A), a methylation modification on RNA, is gaining attention for its role across diverse biological processes. However, the potential roles of m1A regulator-mediated methylation modification in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unclear.Methods: We investigated the mRNA expression of m1A regulators in normal plasma (NP, n = 9) and MM (n = 174) bone marrow plasma cells and comprehensively evaluated the m1A modification patterns of 559 MM samples based on the expression of 10 m1A-related regulatory genes. A univariate Cox regression model, Kaplan–Meier survival curve, unsupervised clustering and gene enrichment analysis were used to explore the associations between m1A‑related regulatory genes and MM patient survival and prognosis. Additionally, the m1Ascore was constructed to quantify m1A modification patterns of individual tumors using the principal component analysis algorithm.Results: Compared with NP, the expression of five genes (TRMT61A, TRMT61B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3) was upregulated in MM patients. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed the high expression of the above five genes was associated with shorter overall survival. Three distinct m1A modification patterns were determined, of which cluster B showed the worst outcome; the expression of ALKBH3, YTHDF2, TRMT10C, TRMT6, and TRMT61B was high and the expression of ALKBH1 and YTHDC1 was low in cluster B. In addition, the relationships between the m1Ascore and survival, m1Aclusters, m1A gene clusters, and PD-L1 expression all indicated that high m1Ascore was associated with clinical benefits and therapeutic advantages.Conclusion: These findings indicate that m1A‑related regulatory genes play a crucial role in regulating MM progression and that the m1Ascore could be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
Cascade of care, awareness and treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Malaysia- findings from a community-based screening campaign
Authors: Lim Zhuo-zhi , Teo Jau shya , Tan Ah Choon , Lim Teck Onn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction In 2016 the World Health Organization (WHO) had adopted a global strategy to eliminate Hepatitis B (HBV) by 2030 through five core interventions. One of which is the “cascade of care”, the continuum of services that persons with chronic HBV should receive as they progress from screening to diagnosis to treatment to chronic care. We determined the prevalence of the awareness and treatment of chronic HBV in Malaysia based on a large sample data from a screening campaign.Methods A total of 10,436 subjects participated in the HBV screening campaign organized by the Hepatitis Free Pahang Malaysia (HFPM) in 2018 and 2019. All screen-positive subjects were recalled to undergo laboratory-based HBsAg and HBV DNA tests. Patients with confirmed chronic HBV were referred to local health services, while continued being monitored by HFPM. ResultsWe estimated 13.1% of Malaysian adults aged 20 or older with chronic HBV were aware of their HBV status, and of those only 0.7% had received prior anti-viral treatment, but among those with baseline HBV DNA level>20,000 IU/ml, 15.6% were subsequently treated. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was the only medicine used on all treated patients. ConclusionFew Malaysian adults with HBV were aware of their infection and even less received anti-viral therapy. Concerted public health efforts are urgently needed to improve HBV screening and care cascade in order to meet WHO’s targets for HBV elimination.