bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cyclically Restored in Situ Petrophysics CRISP Method for Analysis of Petrophysical Properties of Unconsolidated Oil Sands Reservoirs: Overview and Testing Update
Authors: Spray Graham , Cui Xiaojun , Brabant Darcy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Routine core analyses of unconsolidated oil sands often yield unreliable and inconsistent porosity and permeability values due to the destruction of in situ textures or fabrics during core retrieval and sampling processes. To overcome the drawbacks of routine core analysis we developed a new method, namely "Cyclically Restored In Situ Petrophysics (CRISP)", for analysis of petrophysical properties of unconsolidated oil sand reservoirs. The new approach begins with a replication of in situ texture via cyclic compaction of unconsolidated oil sands in a uniaxial piston cell with incremental higher axial loadings that mimic historic overburden pressure cycling induced by glacial cycles through the Pleistocene. After the texture restoration, the sample is flooded in situ with various liquids and/or solvents and gases to obtain multiple porosity and permeability data points. Forward and backward flow can be applied to test permeability in both directions. After analysis the sample is dried, weighed, and the grains can be further analyzed for particle size distribution, mineralogy, or other parameters.
The preliminary test program investigated the accuracy and precision of the new method (CRISP) and compared CRISP to the commonly-used sleeved-plug net overburden analysis (NOB) method. Results indicate that CRISP permeability measurements to simulated formation brine are highly repeatable, with variance of 0.71% (mDarcy) for a study of 531 samples from McMurray Formation, and of 0.15% (mDarcy) in a 150 sample Lloydminster Fm. study. For both sets of samples, the brine permeabilities range from 1 to 5000 mD. The preliminary results also show that CRISP outperforms the sleeved-plug net overburden method (NOB) in precision, with vastly better conformance between repeated samples, and also yields lower porosities that agree more closely with presumed in situ porosities given geological constraints and geophysical log data than the NOB method. Further, CRISP requires equivalent time for analysis as the NOB approach, and uses the same format of samples. CRISP therefore represents a significant improvement for petrophysical properties analysis in unconsolidated oil sand reservoirs for better and more realistic reservoir evaluation and subsequent engineering development.
A General Anisotropic Effective Medium Model for Laminated Sequence
Authors: Zhan Qiwei , Shetty Sushil , Boyd Austin , Liang Lin 
Published: March 2022

SummaryEffective medium rock physics model is the basis for the quantitative petrophysical interpretation of seismic and borehole acoustic measurements, because it links the formation petrophysical parameters with elastic properties, and the latter can be directly inferred from relevant measurements. Many existing works are based on conventional effective medium theories assuming isotropic underground formations, which may lead to erroneous estimates of formation properties. In this work, we extend the existing theories and develop a novel general anisotropic effective medium model to obtain the elastic constants of underground rocks. Three anisotropic effective medium theories are studied: self-consistent approximation (SCA), differential effective medium (DEM), and their combination. A newly extended Kuster-Toksöz (KT) model is also presented for the isotropic effective model. All these effective theories for elastic moduli are verified and validated with independent numerical results and experimental data. Then three workflows are implemented to obtain general stiffness coefficients for different formation models including the shaly sand model, the cracked sand model, and the shaly sand model with cracks. Furthermore, we also study the sensitivity of elastic moduli with respect to variations in pore aspect ratios.
The Potential of Ultrahigh Strength Gel through Novel Multistage Reinforcement Method for Sealing Operations in Medium to Ultralow Temperature Reservoirs
Authors: Jia Hu , Kang Zheng , Li Zhijie , Zhao Jinzhou 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Polymer gels are widely used in sealing operations in the oil and gas industry. Gel with high strength is strongly needed to perform such operations as fluid loss control, temporary plugging, casing integrity treatment, and water shutoff, etc. In this paper, a simple method is proposed to obtain ultrahigh strength gel (USGel), which is called multistage reinforcement method (MRM) and implies the philosophy of noncompetitive crosslinking, multistage reinforcement of molecular chains, and increased entanglement. By this method, acrylamide (AM), xanthan (XC), and two crosslinkers [N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), chromium acetate (Cr3+)] are selected to develop an USGel with potential for medium to ultralow temperature reservoir applications. The thermal stability and sealing performance of USGel are evaluated. The effect of component concentration, gelant pH, and temperature on the strength and gelation time of USGel are investigated. Counterintuitively, adding solid materials even reduces USGel strength. The strength of USGel exceeds other gels by comparison with reported stress-strain data from similar literature. After data fitting analysis, without considering the XC concentration, 1% Cr3+ can increase the strength of the gel by 78.32 times, while other gels with 1% reinforcement material (e.g., solid materials) can only increase by 1.09 to 1.35 times. At low concentrations (0.4% XC and 0.2% Cr3+), USGel strength can also reach 84.59–383.21 kPa at 15°C to 105°C when strain = 60%. Environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM) and gelation data are used to further reveal the multistage reinforcement mechanism of USGel and the reason for strength reduction owing to adding solid materials. USGel is promising to be applied in sealing operations in medium to ultralow temperature reservoirs.
Disease Progression-Related Markers for Aged Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Morimoto Kosaku , Takeuchi Yasuto , Takaki Akinobu , Wada Nozomu , Oyama Atsushi , Adachi Takuya , Onishi Hideki , Shiraha Hidenori , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose
The progression of fibrosis is recently acknowledged as an important phenomenon in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Standard markers reflecting liver fibrosis (e.g., FIB-4 index or NFS) have been shown to increase with age. This study aimed to identify fibrosis progression-related markers that are beneficial even in aged individuals.
Methods
A study population of 98 patients diagnosed with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL], n=25; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH], n=73). Their fibrosis stages were as follows: stage 1 (n=25), stage 2 (n=35), stage 3 (n=33), stage 4 (n=10). Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by a multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokines, the FIB-4 index, and APRI were analyzed to define the best approach to discriminate advanced NAFLD, even in aged (>65 years old) patients.
Results
The following markers showed significant differences between NAFL and NASH: FIB-4, APRI, IP-10, VEGF, and IL-15. The following markers showed significant differences between stage 1-2 and stage 3-4: FIB-4, APRI, IP-10, VEGF, IL-17, PDGF-BB, and RANTES. The fibrosis stage, FIB-4, APRI, PDGF-BB and RANTES were related to the prognosis. In aged patients, IP-10, GM-CSF, RANTES differed between stage 1-2 and stage 3-4.
Conclusion
FIB-4 or APRI, standard NAFLD or fibrosis progression-related markers were beneficial not only for their correlation with fibrosis but also for predicting the prognosis. However, in aged patients, the correlation diminished and RANTES (a chemokine) showed all correlations and should be regarded as beneficial marker in NAFLD.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Cancer in the Remnant Esophagus After Esophagectomy
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Kikuchi Daisuke , Iizuka Toshiro , Suzuki Yugo , Nomura Kosuke , Ochiai Yorinari , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Tanaka Masami , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsui Akira , Ohkura Yu , Haruta Shusuke , Ueno Masaki , Udagawa Harushi , Hoteya Shu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aimsTreatment of superficial cancer in the remnant esophagus after esophagectomy is highly invasive, and early detection and minimally invasive treatment are considered necessary. We performed endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial cancer in the remnant esophagus and evaluated its safety and efficacy.Patients and methodsThis study involved 28 patients (33 lesions) who underwent ESD for superficial esophageal cancer in the remnant esophagus after esophagectomy from January 2007 to December 2018. The safety and efficacy of ESD were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsThe average age of all 28 cases (24 men and 4 women) was 69.6 ± 5.3 years. The average duration of ESD from esophagectomy was 2826 ± 2197 days. Twenty-six of the 28 cases were treated under general anesthesia. All 33 lesions were resected en bloc. The complete resection rate was 81.8% (27/33). There were no serious adverse events such as perforation, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding, and pneumonia. The overall survival rate was 78.6% (22/28) with a mean observation period post-ESD of 1793 ± 1148 days. There was no local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis.ConclusionsThe ESD procedure for superficial cancer of the remnant esophagus was performed with high rate of complete resection without serious complications. In addition, there was no local recurrence and lymph node metastasis, and so ESD for superficial cancer of the remnant esophagus can be considered a safe and effective treatment.
A Prospective Clinical Study With One Year Follow Up of Deep Caries Management Using a Novel Biomaterial
Authors: Roma M , Gupta Ravi , Hegde Shreya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study was to check the outcome of the direct and indirect pulp capping procedure using MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) by comparing the pre – and post – operative pain by using VAS scale, associating the pre- and post- operative changes in intraoral periapical radiograph and clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical study 10 cases (5 for direct and 5 for indirect) with deep carious lesions (symptomatic) with no periapical changes were selected for the trial. The participants were subjected to deep caries management procedure under rubber dam where MTA is placed as pulp capping material followed by immediate restoration with sandwich technique using composite resin. The participants were followed up at recall visits of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year intervals for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Results: The results of the study, analyzing the VAS, clinical symptoms and radiographic changes did not show any signs of pain, clinical and radiographic symptoms at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year intervals. Conclusions: It was concluded that MTA can be used for deep caries management as a pulp capping material which being equivalent to calcium hydroxide.
Lifestyle changes among UAE population: cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Hosani Al , AlKetbi Latifa Baynouna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented changes to people's daily activities. The eating and physical activity were challenged by the requirements to practice self-quarantine and isolation.
Method
This cross-sectional online-based survey study investigated the effect of quarantine on different lifestyle habits. Demographic features and questions related to weight change, lifestyle habits such as physical activity, and smoking were collected. It also included the PHQ2 questionnaire. Adults and children were the targets of the study.
Results
The general tendency of the weight among the study population was towards weight gain especially in children. Female participants in the housewife group were more likely to lose weight. About a third of the adult population reported high depression scores and 21% of children. Physical activity significantly decreased among adults (p-value 0.018) during the quarantine. Among male smokers, 8.6% reported a decrease in smoking frequency or quitting while 6.8% reported increased frequency.
Conclusion
Weight changes were more among females especially housewives and had a significant relationship to depression risk. No such relation was found between the low physical activity trends and the mental wellbeing.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Cell Binding and Cross-reactive Region on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang Hanlu , Yang Tiantian , Jiang Wenhong , Qin Meng , Sun Ziyong , Dai Wei , Jiang Yongping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Given that COVID-19 continues to wreak havoc around the world, it is imperative to search for a conserved region involved in viral infection so that effective vaccines can be developed to prevent the virus from rapid mutations. We have established a twelve-fragment library of recombinant proteins covering the entire region of spike protein of both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV from E. coli. IgGs from murine antisera specifically against six spike protein fragments of SARS-CoV-2 were produced, purified, and characterized. We found that one specific IgG against the fusion process region, named COVID19-SF5, serologically cross-reacted with all twelve S-protein fragments. COVID19-SF5, with amino acid sequences from 880 to 1084, specifically bound to VERO-E6 and BEAS-2B cells, with Kd values of 449.1 ± 21.41 and 381.9 ± 31.53 nM, and IC50 values of 761.2 ± 28.2 nM and 862.4 ± 32.1 nM, respectively. In addition, COVID19-SF5 greatly enhanced binding of the full-length CHO cell-derived spike protein to the host cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, COVID19-SF5 and its IgGs inhibited the infection of the host cells by pseudovirus. The combined data from our studies reveal that COVID19-SF5, a novel cell-binding fragment, may contain a common region(s) for mediating viral binding during infection. Our studies also provide valuable insights into how virus variants may evade host immune recognition. Significantly, the observation that the IgGs against COVID19-SF5 possesses a cross-reactivity to all other fragments of S protein suggests that it is possible to develop universal neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to curb rapid mutations of COVID-19.
Manufacturing resources modeling based on features for manufacturability
Authors: Zhao Changlong , Ma Chen , Zhang Haifeng , Ma Zhenrong , Yang Junbao , Li Ming , Wang Xuxu , Lv Qiyin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Manufacturability evaluation is the effective way to shorten the period of development, optimize the manufacturing process and reduce the product costs. The manufacturability of a product depends on the processing ability of specific manufacturing resources. The building of the manufacturing resources model is the foundation for manufacturability evaluation. To better utilize the information of manufacturing resources, the hybrid algorithm of fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM) and genetic algorithm (GA) is implemented in this paper to group manufacturing resources based on manufacturing and geometric features. The information model of manufacturing resources is built by using the object-oriented method and the framework of manufacturability evaluation based on the manufacturing resources is defined. An application sample is exploited and its results are analyzed. The grouping result shows that the hybrid algorithm is reliable and effective.
Towards less invasive molecular diagnostics for endometrial cancer: massively parallel sequencing of endometrial lavage specimens in women attending for an office hysteroscopy
Authors: Chao Angel , Wu Kai-Yun , Lin Chiao-Yun , Lee Yun-Shien , Huang Huei-Jean , Tang Yun-Hsin , Weng Cindy Hsuan , Chao An-Shine , Chang Ting-Chang , Lai Chyong-Huey , Wu Ren-Chin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We aimed to detect endometrial cancer (EC)-associated mutations in endometrial lavage specimens collected in an office setting, and to compare the detected mutations with those identified in tissue samples. Participants included 16 women attending for an office hysteroscopy because of suspected EC between July 2020 and October 2021. Massively parallel sequencing was conducted using the targeted 72 cancer-associated genes. Endometrial lavage specimens, endometrial tissue samples, and blood samples were simultaneously sequenced to establish the concordance of genetic alterations. In this study, the vast majority of EC-associated mutations identified in lavage samples (R2 = 0.948) were identical to those detected in endometrial tissues. Of the 13 patients with EC, 12 (92.3%) had at least one mutation identified in endometrial lavage samples. Notably, no mutations in lavage samples were identified in the two patients with a previous history of EC but no actual endometrial lesions, supporting a high negative predictive value of the test. A patient previously diagnosed with EC and with current evidence of atypical hyperplasia showed persisting PTEN, PIK3R1, and KRAS mutations in her endometrial lavage specimen. PTEN was the most commonly mutated gene, followed by PIK3R1, ARID1A, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and KRAS. In conclusions, our study provides pilot evidence on the actionability of uterine lavage samples sequencing to detect EC-associated mutations in women with suspected endometrial lesions. In a precision medicine framework, the high mutational concordance between uterine lavage samples and tissue specimens may help inform less invasive diagnostic protocols and the need for ongoing surveillance in patients with EC who wished for fertility-preserving treatment.
Effective deep learning for oral exfoliative cytology classification
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Tanaka Futa , Nakano Keisuke , Hara Takeshi , Yoshii Kazumasa , Yamashita Katsusuke , Ono Sawako , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: The use of sharpness aware minimization (SAM) as an optimizer that achieves high performance for convolutional neural networks (CNNs), is attracting attention in various fields of deep learning. Here, we use deep learning to perform classification diagnosis in oral exfoliative cytology and to analyze performance, using SAM as an optimization algorithm to improve classification accuracy.Methods: Oral exfoliation cytology samples were prepared at a general by oral pathologists. Whole slide images were cut into tiles. CNNs used was VGG16, and SGD and SAM were used as optimizers. Each was analyzed with and without a learning rate scheduler in 300 epochs. The performance metrics used were accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, AUC, and statistical and effect size. Results: All optimizers performed better with the rate scheduler. In particular, the SAM effect size had high accuracy (11.2) and AUC (11.0). SAM had the best performance of all models with a learning rate scheduler. (AUC = 0.9328) SAM tended to suppress overfitting compared to SGD.Conclusions: In oral exfoliation cytology classification, CNNs using SAM rate scheduler showed the highest classification performance. These results suggest that SAM can play an important role in primary screening of the oral cytological diagnostic environment.
Machine Learned Synthesizability Predictions Aided by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Lee Andrew , Sarker Suchismita , Saal James , Ward Logan , Borg Christopher , Mehta Apurva , Wolverton Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A grand challenge of materials science is the computational prediction of synthesis pathways for novel compounds. Data-driven and machine learning (ML) approaches have made significant progress in addressing a portion of this problem, namely, predicting whether a compound is synthesizable or not. However, some recent attempts to do so have not incorporated energetic or phase stability information. Here, we combine thermodynamic stability calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with composition-based features to train a ML model that predicts a material's synthesizability. We focus on compositions with ABC stoichiometry and predict synthesizability in the half-heusler (HH) structure. Our model is trained on experimentally reported ABC compositions, and achieves a cross-validated precision of 0.83 and recall of 0.85. Our model shows improvement in identifying compositions that do not form HH when compared to a similar HH synthesizability model from a previous study. Our model identifies 163 synthesizable candidates out of 4141 unreported ABC compositions. More notably, 38 stable compositions are predicted unsynthesizable while 103 unstable compositions are predicted synthesizable; these findings otherwise cannot be made using DFT stability alone. This study presents a new approach for accurately predicting synthesizability, and identifies newly synthesizable candidate HH compositions for further experimental exploration.
Regıonal Analgesıa Technıques For Effectıve Recovery To Coronary Artery Bypass Surgerıes: A Retrospective Study In A Sıngle Center Experıence
Authors: Coşarcan Sami Kaan , Sezer Ali , Gürkahraman Sami , Erçelen Ömür 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Pain after cardiac surgery is both multifocal and multifactorial. Sternotomy, sternal retraction, internal mammary dissection, posterior rib dislocation or fracture, possible brachial plexus injury, and mediastinal and pleural drains contribute to pain experienced in the immediate postoperative period. Ineffective pain management can cause systemic and pulmonary complications and significant cardiac consequences Methods: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of regional anesthesia techniques for perioperative pain management in cardiac surgery patients at our clinic. The effects of analgesic methods, in terms of contributing to recovery, have been examined.Results: Records of 229 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery between January 2015 and March 2020 were reviewed. It was also observed that none of the patients received balloon pump support, but 20 were transferred to the Cardiovascular intensive care unit while intubated. The anesthesia methods of patients transferred to intubation intensive care were examined, as regional anesthesia was used in 2 patients, while no regional anesthesia was used in 18 patients. Notably, the consumption of opioids in cases where regional anesthesia was used was statistically low. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia techniques severely limit opioid consumption during cardiac surgery. Its importance will gradually increase in terms of rapid recovery criteria. According to our study results in cardiac surgery, double injection of the erector spinae plane block seems to be the most effective. Thus, we supported the facial plane blocks during cardiac surgery.Trial Number: The study is registered with clinicaltrials. The study has an ethics committee registration and approval with the number 2021.464.IRB1.131.