bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale electrical characterization of graphene-based materials by atomic force microscopy
Authors: De Silva K. Kanishka H. , Huang Hsin-Hui , Viswanath Pamarti , Joshi Rakesh , Yoshimura Masamichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGraphene, an atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) material, exhibits outstanding electrical properties and thus has been employed in various electronic devices. However, the device performance strongly depends on the structural variations present in the graphitic lattice, such as crystal domains, grain boundaries, lattice imperfections, dopants, etc., which are nanoscopic in nature. Hence, understanding the correlation between the structure and the electrical properties in the nanoscale is essential. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques provide the best way to picture such relationships, which is particularly in demand for future miniaturized devices. This review article highlights the characterization of the electrical properties of graphene-based materials via AFM-based techniques such as conductive AFM, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, electrostatic force microscopy, and piezoresponse force microscopy that is certainly beneficial for a broad research community not only working on graphene-based materials but also in the fields of other 2D materials and scanning probe microscopy.
Graphical abstract
León XIII y la vida política europea
Authors: Laboa Juan María 
Published: October 2022

León XIII se propuso recristianizar la sociedad y el mundo contemporáneo. Para conseguirlo, decidió entablar relaciones con los diferentes gobiernos. Estaba persuadido de que la libertad de la Iglesia y su posible influjo dependían no tanto de la política sino de la vitalidad de las asociaciones y obras católicas. Al mismo tiempo, la Secretaría de Estado decidió apelar a las masas católicas con el fin de mejorar la opinión pública europea en favor de la Santa Sede.
El Papa estaba convencido de que la situación política francesa y de los demás regímenes liberales era irreversible; pero, consideraba que su actitud antieclesiástica podía ser corregida. Para ello se esforzó por mejorar las relaciones con esos regímenes, comenzando por reconocer los resultados políticos de las revoluciones liberales.
Cómo se ha entendido el «modernismo teológico». Discusión historiográfica
Authors: Izquierdo César 
Published: October 2022

El presente trabajo toma como punto de referencia la encíclica Pascendi Dominici gregis, de Pío X, y el Decreto Lamentabili sane exitu, publicados ambos en 1907, mediante los cuales se condenaba el modernismo teológico. A partir de estos documentos magisteriales, se dirige la mirada al antes, es decir a la existencia y naturaleza del modernismo; y al después, examinando la recepción de la doctrina de Pascendi y Lamentabili, y revisando la actitud histórico-teológica con que se reciben e interpretan esos documentos.
El autor considera que el modernismo teológico tuvo una identidad histórica propia en algunos países europeos, especialmente en Francia, Italia, Gran Bretaña y Alemania. Para la comprensión del modernismo y de los documentos que lo condenaron propone la distinción entre actitud, movimiento y crisis modernistas.
En el trabajo se examina la forma como –teniendo detrás la experiencia del modernismo– se aplica el principio de modernidad a la fe cristiana. Tras analizar –también históricamente– el concepto de modernidad, remite a una reciente reflexión de Benedicto XVI a propósito de la interpretación del Vaticano II, que resulta iluminadora para el juicio sobre el modernismo y los documentos que lo censuraron.
La antropología de Mectildis de Magdeburgo (s. XIII)
Authors: Reinhardt Elisabeth 
Published: October 2022

La beguina Mectildis de Magdeburgo es conocida por su libro Das fließende Licht der Gottheit que recoge sus vivencias espirituales e, implícitamente, un programa de reforma de la vida eclesial. Por estar escrito en lengua vernácula alcanzó amplia difusión.
Este estudio presenta de modo sistemático la antropología presente en su obra, teniendo en cuenta el contexto histórico y teológico. Aunque el estilo es narrativo y a veces dialógico, con un lenguaje imaginativo y poético, coincide sustancialmente con la antropología elaborada por la teología especulativa de su tiempo, próxima al agustinismo medieval. Tiene un carácter existencial, pero no subjetivo. Es una muestra de que, paralelamente a la teología escolástica, se iba transmitiendo una teología radicada en la religiosidad popular y en la teología monástica del siglo XII.
Transparencia y literalidad
Authors: Pozo José Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Además de ser uno de los materiales distintivos de la arquitectura moderna, a la que aporta su transparencia, y con ella la dilatación espacial, el cristal es también muy rico espacialmente por los reflejos que se producen sobre él.
El artículo es una reflexión acerca del papel compositivo jugado por los reflejos en obras significativas de la arquitectura moderna, en las cuales se analizan las notas que definen los distintos modos de entender su empleo arquitectónico.
En varias obras de Mies van der Rohe se estudia el reflejo dinámico, que dominan los valores de la ambigüedad y la transparencia que surgen con el movimiento, y en varios interiores loosianos se analiza el reflejo estátic, que se sirve de la literalidad de la duplicación especular cuidadosamente estudiados para la creación de espacios ficticios verosímiles.
Completan el artículo unas consideraciones acerca de varias obras más en las que se aprecia una cierta superación sintética de esa dualidad enunciada.
Después del deconstructivismo o la transgresión de la transgresión
Authors: Otxotorena Juan Miguel 
Published: October 2022

Acostumbrados como estamos en los últimos tiempos a los balances de coyuntura y los diagnósticos epocales, quizá debamos aceptar vernos inmersos en una especie de nuevo momento 'post', referido a la denominada deconstrucción. Si hubiera que aplicarse al ejercicio de la síntesis, cabría seguramente consensuar al respecto una exposición conclusiva del orden de la siguiente: la deconstrucción no es en el ámbito de la arquitectura un simple estilo, ni una ocasional estrategia profesional y publicística dependiente de las cambiantes circunstancias del mercado, sino un resorte conceptual y un proceso cultural correlativos de una actitud disciplinar de connotaciones históricas precisas y de hondas y significativas raíces ideológicas y consecuencias culturales.
El fenómeno de la deconstrucción, a la postre, se manifiesta ya de alguna manera en momentos previos a la reducción del arte edilicia a ese discurso gráfico que parecen explotar y propugnar las contemporáneas celebraciones de la arquitectura dibujada, a las cuales tales momentos preceden de hecho como preparatorios y anunciadores.
Al fin y al cabo, podría decirse, todo cuestionamiento interno de los supuestos del diseño forma parte de su deconstrucción en tanto pueda convertirse a su vez, como tal cuestionamiento, en pauta y ley para el diseño.
Objeto, imagen, aura. Le Corbusier y la arquitectura de la fotografía
Authors: Naegele Daniel 
Published: October 2022

La fotografía es una ‘imagen objetiva’, tanto una realidad como una representación. Su esencia es una ilusión. A lo largo de todo el siglo XX, la fotografía ha interpretado gradualmente la arquitectura como imagen. Al principio liberadora y luego ‘imagen’, despreció la autoridad del objeto arquitectónico, borrando su ‘aura’.
Al enfrentarse a este dilema y cautivado por su intencionada ambigüedad visual, Le Corbusier, el arquitecto de mayor influencia del siglo, unió el objeto y la representación. Aumentó la fotografía convirtiéndola en arquitectura y llevó su espacio —el espacio ilusorio de la representación— hasta un diálogo con el espacio de la realidad. Llegó a una nueva arquitectura de espacios de ilusionista, a una arquitectura ‘aparentemente auténtica’ que accedía al valor de culto —el aura— a través de la ilusión de los medios de exhibición.
Surgical treatment of distal cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Senko I. V. , Krylov V. V. , Dashyan V. G. , Grigoriev I. V. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Distal cerebral aneurysms are very rare. To date, there are very few publications on distal cerebral aneurysms and they are mostly limited to clinical case series.Aim. To analyze anatomical characteristics of distal cerebral aneurysms and surgical outcomes, as well as to identify risk factors for a poor outcome and develop a treatment algorithm on this basis; to determine the role of neuronavigation and revascularization in the surgical treatment of distal cerebral aneurysms.Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes of 153 patients with distal cerebral aneurysms treated in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (Moscow Healthcare Department) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019.Results. Distal cerebral aneurysms were identified in 4.5 % cases of all cerebral aneurysms; 81.7 % of patients with distal cerebral aneurysms were admitted to the hospital with ruptured aneurysms. The most frequent locations of distal cerebral aneurysms were pericallosal and middle cerebral arteries. Distal cerebral aneurysms were usually small (77.5 %), had a wide neck (31.8 %), and fusiform structure (15.7 %). Aneurysm clipping was performed in 74.5 % cases; parent artery trapping, in 23.5 % of patients; revascularization, in 5.9 % of patients. The main risk factors for a poor outcome included aneurysm size and location, patient grade on the modified scale of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (mWFNS), and presence of severe vasospasm.Conclusion. The developed surgical algorithm for distal cerebral aneurysms (based on the assessment of a poor outcome risk factors, the use of neuronavigation, arterial patency control, and revascularization) could improve surgical outcomes of patients with distal cerebral aneurysms.
Organization and current understanding of speech function of the brain: literature review
Authors: Ismailov A. M. , Zuev A. A. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. History of study of speech function of the brain has started in the middle of the 19th century. First studies discovered cortical representations of speech in the brain, proposed different theories of speech function structure. Technological breakthroughs of the 20th century allowed to study not only cortical representations of speech function but also complex connections of the white matter important for practical work of neurosurgeons. Deeper studies of speech led to revisions of the old theories, proposals of new theories. Current study methods showed complexity of speech organization, multifunctionality of speech tracts.Aim. To analyze and systemize historical and current scientific data on organization of speech function of the brain, as well as methods of preoperative evaluation and intraoperative techniques of identification of speech zones in the cerebral cortex.Materials and methods. As a results of data search in the PubMed database, 77 articles published between 1954 and 2020 were selected.Results. Studies of characteristics of speech function are widely represented in current scientific literature, and their number grows every year. Some researchers study individual speech aspects: cortical representation, individual speech tracts. Others deal with general consequences of speech impediments after tumor resection, strokes, traumas. The authors cross-linked and systemized numerous data from different sources of information.Conclusion. Speech function of the brain is one of the most complexly organized aspects of the higher nervous function, and it is being actively researched worldwide. Implementation of such revolutionary examination techniques as intraoperative mapping of the cerebral cortex, magnetic resonance tractography provided a plethora of new information on morphofunctional characteristics of speech function. Further studies of speech function of the brain and systematization of the obtained data are necessary for deeper understanding of the details of speech organs' functionality. Advances in this direction will help surgeons avoid unwanted neurological deficit in communication ability, one of the most important abilities, and improve patients' quality of life.
Legal Framework for Combating Climate Change in Nigeria
Authors: Kehinde A. O. , Abifarin O. 
Published: October 2022

A very important issue that needs to be addressed urgently across the globe is the issue of climate change. Nigeria as a country is not left out in the battle against climate change. One of the major things that results in the change in climate is the low level or inadequate laws governing activities which lead to climate change. The laws available are ineffective as the level of compliance with the existing laws is extremely low; ignorance on the part of Nigerians is another major issue as an average Nigerian is not aware that his/her day-to-day activities might result in a change in climatic condition. The concept of climate change is a concept in Nigeria that has received a bit of recognition but has not been addressed as it ought to be. This paper examines the effects of climate change on Nigerians and the Nigeria environment in its totality; it further makes an overview of the international conventions on climate change while evaluating the adoption of the international conventions by Nigeria. It examines the laws put in place by the Nigeria government in relation to environmental protection generally and further considers their effectiveness. It concludes that there is no solid legal framework to combat climate change in Nigeria and that the laws put in place to govern environmental protection in Nigeria are grossly inadequate. It protection in Nigeria are grossly inadequate. It recommends that new laws should as a matter of urgency be promulgated to tackle the menace of climate change in Nigeria.
Simulation of Tsunami Inundation for the Island of Martinique to Nearby Large Earthquakes
Authors: Colon Useche Sirel , Clouard Valérie , Ioualalen Mansour , Audemard Franck , Monfret Tony 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In this article, we estimate the tsunami hazard in Martinique due to tsunamis generated by earthquakes associated with the Lesser Antilles subduction zone. Using a deterministic approach based on reliable earthquake scenarios, we use high-resolution bathymetric and topographic data to model tsunami propagation and inundation with Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami model. An extreme earthquake subduction scenario of magnitude Mw 8.0 is tested, and a further realistic scenario of lower magnitude Mw 7.5, thus of different tsunami frequency content, is also processed to test the possible appearance of bay resonances. We find that the western coast of the island is relatively sheltered, because it represents a shadow area to diffraction, in particular, for the major city of Fort de France. Because of its very gentle slope, the eastern coast is prone to numerous floodings with meter scale wave amplitudes; most of the inundated zones consist of mangroves and geological depressions t are naturally regularly flooded by tides or storm surges. Hence such areas are often not exploited, the mangroves being let in their natural state, enhancing the protection of the surrounding communities. However, some strategic inhabited areas are subject to severe inundation. Finally, comparing our results with studies of the 1755 Lisbon transoceanic tsunami reveals a tsunami hazard close to our local Mw 7.5 scenario. It suggests the possibility to generalize our local tsunami hazard assessment in Martinique to other tsunami contexts and enlarge its validity. This issue is crucial for minimizing the efforts and increasing the efficiency of tsunami preparedness.
Survey of patient\'s opinion on eyeglasses and eye care in the semi-urban population of South-Delhi India
Authors: Sharma Komal , Bushra Danish , Kamat Om Shankar , Bharti Dipti , Khan Moin , Goel Mridul 
Published: October 2022

To learn about people's day-to-day perspectives and knowledge of eyeglasses and eye health and to understand the level of awareness about the use of eyeglasses and eye/care among the population of South Delhi.An open online survey questionnaire was distributed to people via social media platforms (email, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram, and so on). Males participated more than females, with 51%. At 45%, the 18–30 age group was found to participate more, and at 40 years of age, survey was taken by 14%. Most individuals visit an ophthalmologist when they notice some problem (48%). Both metal and plastic-quality eyeglasses were used by the population. at a rate of 44%. The same percentile for optical purposes with single vision corrective lenses at 28% was found. 67% of population were found to be well-satisfied population after wearing spectacles. It was discovered that it would be beneficial to provide basic education on the types of refractive error and other causes of low vision, how eyeglasses may or may not help, a discussion of common treatments for eye problems, and clear instructions on when and when not to wear eyeglasses.
A mixed method to evaluate the importance of visual health awareness among health care students
Authors: Ikram Syeda Sadiya , Mounika B  , Puri Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: October 2022

The study was done to assess the pre and post awareness of eye health care and importance of regular eye test to detect ocular and systemic conditions which may be asymptomatic.This study done on 278 subjects, age group between 18-30years. 65% of the subjects are females and 35% of them are males are included. In this questionnaire study, pre and post data is collected among health care students on pre-eye examination, participants were asked questions on their demographic detail, Eye examination, visual symptoms, ocular symptoms, visual aids, safety eye wear, importance of eye examination and a pamphlet is shown to create knowledge, awareness after which post awareness data is collected.A total of 278 subjects were participated, our result showed a significant improvement in increasing awareness, knowledge level in post intervention of health care students regarding visual health awareness and eye care. Overall knowledge before intervention was low 55.43% and was increased to 87.1% after intervention.Awareness programs in eye care can have a positive effect on raising the profile of eye health services within health systems, thereby increasing the knowledge, confidence, and motivation in health care students.
Comparing accommodative function between dominant and non-dominant eye
Authors: Ikram Syeda Sadiya , Priya S Jaya , Puri Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to compare accommodative functions between the dominant and non dominant eyes.A comparative study done in 50 healthy subjects include both males and females with age group ranging between (18 -25 years). It was a hospital-based study conducted in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology. The comparison of accommodative function between dominant and non-dominant eyes is measured to determine which eye shows a higher level of accommodative function. This study has been approved by IRB committee, before beginning this study informed consent has been given and the procedure has been explained clearly, 50 Young emmetropic adults were included. All participants were subjected to comprehensive ophthalmic examination including vision, refraction, Intraocular pressure measurements, slit-lamp examination, the dominance of eye is determined using the hole in the card method and Accommodative functions like the Monocular estimated method (MEM), Near the point of accommodation (NPA) and Accommodative facility (AF) done to find out the ocular dominance.This study shows a higher level of accommodative function in all aspects of accommodative factor such as Monocular estimated method (MEM), near the point of accommodation (NPA) and accommodative facility in the dominant eye. The Mean and Standard deviation value shows a significant difference in all parameters in the dominant eye with a t-value of 7.055(p=.000) when comparing with the Non dominant eye.Comparing the accommodative function between the Dominant and Non dominant eye we concluded that the Near Point of accommodation and accommodation facility were observed more in the dominant eye as compared with the non dominant eyes. The mean accommodative lead was found to be greater than the normal individual (dominant eye). Hence, it is concluded that the dominant eye has a better accommodative function than the non dominant eye.
Choroidal neovascularization caused by angioid streaks: seven-year follow-up
Authors: Aliyeva Aygun , Rustambayova Gunay 
Published: October 2022

Angioid streaks are irregular lines that radiate away from the optic disc to the retinal periphery, lying deep into the retina. They indicate the breaks in the calcified Bruch’s membrane. The most common complication of angioid streaks is choroidal neovascularization. They appear primarily bilaterally and are asymmetrical in nature.We report a 29-year-old man with choroidal neovascularization caused by angioid streaks. The study emphasizes seven years of follow-up of the disease treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and aflibercept injections. There were no injection related complications. Anti-VEGF treatment can help the clinician to stabilize the disease and achieve gradual progression. Nonetheless, it cannot help to prevent significant vision loss in long-term follow-up in all cases.
Exponentes críticos estáticos, efectos de anisotropía, Hall y magneto-calórico, e interacciones magnéticas en cintas de aleaciones basadas en FeCr, FeCo y MnFe
Authors: Rosales-Rivera Andrés 
Published: October 2022

Se presenta aquí un estudio comparativo de los exponentes críticos (β, γ, δ), de la temperatura crítica Tc, la anisotropía magnética, el efecto Hall y el magneto-calórico, así como las interacciones agnéticas para las aleaciones [(Fe50Co50)75B20Si5]96Nb4, Fe65.5Cr8Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, y Mn50Ni36Fe5Sn9, preparadas mediante la técnica denominada hilado en estado de fusión (meltspinning). Los anteriores parámetros críticos y el efecto magneto-calórico se determinaron a partir de mediciones de magnetización. Los valores (β, δ, TC) para [(Fe50Co50)75B20Si5]96Nb4 y Fe65.5Cr8Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 fueron (0,34 ± 0,09; 4,50 ± 0,45; 660 ± 30 K), (0,52 ± 0,04; 3,62 ± 0,06; 481 ± 2 K), respectivamente, y para Mn50Ni36Fe5Sn9 fue (0,51 ± 0,03; 2,97 ± 0,03; 318 ± 8 K). Las curvas de resistividad Hall Vs. H exhiben un campo de inflexión HS, campo por debajo del cual se observan los efectos Hall ordinario y extraordinario. Por encima de HS, el efecto Hall ordinario predomina, en tanto que el extraordinario no se observa más. El valor de HS para [(Fe50Co50)75B20Si5]96Nb4 y Fe65.5Cr8Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 fue 8 kOe y 4,42 kOe, respectivamente, y para Mn50Ni36Fe5Sn9 fue 1,84 kOe. El número de portadores de carga nc se determinó para H > HS, y su valor para Fe65.5Cr8Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 y Mn50Ni36Fe5Sn9 fue 2,71 x 1019 cm-3 y 129 x 1019 cm-3, respectivamente. El cambio en la entropía magnética y la capacidad de enfriamiento relativa debido a un cambio de campo de 10 kOe se evaluaron y sus valores máximos en la proximidad de TC para [(Fe50Co50)75B20Si5]96Nb4, Fe65.5Cr8Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, y Mn50Ni36Fe5Sn9 fueron (0,6; 0,75; 0,5) Jkg-1K-1 y (57,4; 56,6; 25,1) Jkg-1, respectivamente. Se analizaron los posibles efectos de las interacciones de intercambio y espín-orbita en los resultados anteriores.