bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The memory time effects for unsteady seas and oceans water flow through the limestone porous medium in the presence of chemical reaction and Soret effects
Authors: Abd El‐Latief A. M. , Abd‐elhameid A. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study the effects of the thermal and diffusion memories in the seas and oceans water using the methodology of fractional calculus for modeling a viscous fluid. In our model, we derive a model with two fractional parameters representing the thermal and diffusion effects for this type of fluid. We formulate a problem of mixed convection heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid through a Limestone porous medium in a vertical channel whose walls are kept at variable temperature and concentration. The influences of heat‐mass memories in the presence of chemical reaction, heat generation/absorption and, the Soret effect are discussed and represented graphically on all variables fields. Also, the influences of Darcy, Prandtl, Schmidt, Grashof parameters are compared with the effect of fractional parameters.
A bispinor formalism for spinning Witten diagrams
Authors: Binder Damon J. , Freedman Daniel Z. , Pufu Silviu S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We develop a new embedding-space formalism for AdS4 and CFT3 that is useful for evaluating Witten diagrams for operators with spin. The basic variables are Killing spinors for the bulk AdS4 and conformal Killing spinors for the boundary CFT3. The more conventional embedding space coordinates XI for the bulk and PI for the boundary are bilinears in these new variables. We write a simple compact form for the general bulk-boundary propagator, and, for boundary operators of spin ℓ ≥ 1, we determine its conservation properties at the unitarity bound. In our CFT3 formalism, we identify an $$ \mathfrak{so} $$
so
(5, 5) Lie algebra of differential operators that includes the basic weight-shifting operators. These operators, together with a set of differential operators in AdS4, can be used to relate Witten diagrams with spinning external legs to Witten diagrams with only scalar external legs. We provide several applications that include Compton scattering and the evaluation of an R4 contact interaction in AdS4. Finally, we derive bispinor formulas for the bulk-to-bulk propagators of massive spinor and vector gauge fields and evaluate a diagram with spinor exchange.
Monodromy defects from hyperbolic space
Authors: Giombi Simone , Helfenberger Elizabeth , Ji Ziming , Khanchandani Himanshu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study monodromy defects in O(N) symmetric scalar field theories in d dimensions. After a Weyl transformation, a monodromy defect may be described by placing the theory on S1 × Hd−1, where Hd−1 is the hyperbolic space, and imposing on the fundamental fields a twisted periodicity condition along S1. In this description, the codimension two defect lies at the boundary of Hd−1. We first study the general monodromy defect in the free field theory, and then develop the large N expansion of the defect in the interacting theory, focusing for simplicity on the case of N complex fields with a one-parameter monodromy condition. We also use the ϵ-expansion in d = 4 − ϵ, providing a check on the large N approach. When the defect has spherical geometry, its expectation value is a meaningful quantity, and it may be obtained by computing the free energy of the twisted theory on S1 × Hd−1. It was conjectured that the logarithm of the defect expectation value, suitably multiplied by a dimension dependent sine factor, should decrease under a defect RG flow. We check this conjecture in our examples, both in the free and interacting case, by considering a defect RG flow that corresponds to imposing alternate boundary conditions on one of the low-lying Kaluza-Klein modes on Hd−1. We also show that, adapting standard techniques from the AdS/CFT literature, the S1 × Hd−1 setup is well suited to the calculation of the defect CFT data, and we discuss various examples, including one-point functions of bulk operators, scaling dimensions of defect operators, and four-point functions of operator insertions on the defect.
Radiative semileptonic $$ \overline{B} $$ decays
Authors: Papucci Michele , Trickle Tanner , Wise Mark B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the form factors for the radiative semileptonic decays $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

(v) → D(*)(v′)ℓ$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

ℓγ in the kinematic region where the photon momentum, k, is small enough that heavy quark symmetry (HQS) can be applied without the radiated photon changing the heavy quark velocity (i.e., v(′) ∙ k < m(b,c)). We find that HQS is remarkably powerful, leaving only four new undetermined form factors at leading order in 1/m(b,c). In addition, one of them is fixed in terms of the leading order Isgur-Wise function in the kinematic region, v(′) ∙ k < ΛQCD.
BPS indices, modularity and perturbations in quantum K-theory
Authors: Jockers Hans , Mayr Peter , Ninad Urmi , Tabler Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study a perturbation family of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 3d gauge theories and its relation to quantum K-theory. A 3d version of the Intriligator-Vafa formula is given for the quantum K-theory ring of Grassmannians. The 3d BPS half-index of the gauge theory is connected to the theory of bilateral hypergeometric q-series, and to modular q-characters of a class of conformal field theories in a certain massless limit. Turning on 3d Wilson lines at torsion points leads to mock modular behavior. Perturbed correlators in the IR regime are computed by determining the UV-IR map in the presence of deformations.
NNLO QCD corrections to weak boson fusion Higgs boson production in the H → b$$ \overline{b} $$ and H → WW* → 4l decay channels
Authors: Asteriadis Konstantin , Caola Fabrizio , Melnikov Kirill , Röntsch Raoul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We compute the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to Higgs boson production in weak boson fusion followed by its decay to a b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

pair or to a pair of leptonically-decaying W bosons. Our calculation allows us to compute realistic fiducial cross sections and assess the impact of fiducial cuts applied to the Higgs boson decay products on the magnitude of QCD radiative corrections in weak boson fusion.
Dark matter freeze-out during SU(2)L confinement
Authors: Howard Jessica N. , Ipek Seyda , Tait Tim M. P. , Turner Jessica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore the possibility that dark matter is a pair of vector-like fermionic SU(2)L doublets and propose a novel mechanism of dark matter production that proceeds through the confinement of the weak sector of the Standard Model. This confinement phase causes the Standard Model doublets and dark matter to confine into pions. The dark pions freeze-out before the weak sector deconfines and generate a relic abundance of dark matter. We solve the Boltzmann equations for this scenario to determine the scale of confinement and constituent dark matter mass required to produce the observed relic density. We determine which regions of this parameter space evade direct detection, collider bounds, and successfully produce the observed relic density of dark matter. For a TeV scale pair of vector-like fermionic SU(2)L doublets, we find the weak confinement scale to be ∼ 700 TeV.
Structure and function of an atypical homodimeric actin capping protein from the malaria parasite
Authors: Bendes Ábris Ádám , Kursula Petri , Kursula Inari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApicomplexan parasites, such as Plasmodium spp., rely on an unusual actomyosin motor, termed glideosome, for motility and host cell invasion. The actin filaments are maintained by a small set of essential regulators, which provide control over actin dynamics in the different stages of the parasite life cycle. Actin filament capping proteins (CPs) are indispensable heterodimeric regulators of actin dynamics. CPs have been extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes, but their role and functional mechanism in Apicomplexa remain enigmatic. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a homodimeric CP from the malaria parasite and compare the homo- and heterodimeric CP structures in detail. Despite retaining several characteristics of a canonical CP, the homodimeric Plasmodium berghei (Pb)CP exhibits crucial differences to the canonical heterodimers. Both homo- and heterodimeric PbCPs regulate actin dynamics in an atypical manner, facilitating rapid turnover of parasite actin, without affecting its critical concentration. Homo- and heterodimeric PbCPs show partially redundant activities, possibly to rescue actin filament capping in life cycle stages where the β-subunit is downregulated. Our data suggest that the homodimeric PbCP also influences actin kinetics by recruiting lateral actin dimers. This unusual function could arise from the absence of a β-subunit, as the asymmetric PbCP homodimer lacks structural elements essential for canonical barbed end interactions suggesting a novel CP binding mode. These findings will facilitate further studies aimed at elucidating the precise actin filament capping mechanism in Plasmodium.
Alterations in calmodulin-cardiac ryanodine receptor molecular recognition in congenital arrhythmias
Authors: Dal Cortivo Giuditta , Barracchia Carlo Giorgio , Marino Valerio , D’Onofrio Mariapina , Dell’Orco Daniele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous and highly conserved Ca2+-sensor protein involved in the regulation of over 300 molecular targets, has been recently associated with severe forms of lethal arrhythmia. Here, we investigated how arrhythmia-associated mutations in CaM localized at the C-terminal lobe alter the molecular recognition with Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), specifically expressed in cardiomyocytes. We performed an extensive structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic characterization of the variants D95V/H in the EF3 Ca2+-binding motif and of the D129V and D131H/E variants in the EF4 motif, and probed their interaction with RyR2. Our results show that the specific structural changes observed for individual CaM variants do not extend to the complex with the RyR2 target. Indeed, some common alterations emerge at the protein–protein interaction level, suggesting the existence of general features shared by the arrhythmia-associated variants. All mutants showed a faster rate of dissociation from the target peptide than wild-type CaM. Integration of spectroscopic data with exhaustive molecular dynamics simulations suggests that, in the presence of Ca2+, functional recognition involves allosteric interactions initiated by the N-terminal lobe of CaM, which shows a lower affinity for Ca2+ compared to the C-terminal lobe in the isolated protein.
Born digital or fossilised digitally? How born digital data systems continue the legacy of social violence towards LGBTQI + communities: a case study of experiences in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Donnelly Noeleen , Stapleton Larry , O’Mahoney Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe AI and Society discourse has previously drawn attention to the ways that digital systems embody the values of the technology development community from which they emerge through the development and deployment process. Research shows how this effect leads to a particular treatment of gender in computer systems development, a treatment which lags far behind the rich understanding of gender that social studies scholarship reveals and people across society experience. Many people do not relate to the narrow binary gender options of male or female, and many people express their gender identity in much richer ways than the sex/gender binary female/woman and male/man Boolean terms will allow. We ask: are “born-digital” gendered datasets in digital systems experienced as marginalising by those who express their identity beyond the male/female binary? Case Study: Ireland. To answer this universal question, this paper presents the findings of an empirical case study of people in Ireland with diverse gender identities and expressions, and their experiences with public data systems and new technologies. In spite of great social changes in Ireland which have led to constitutional change in favour of LGBTQI + people, born-digital systems were experienced by respondents as embodying socio-cultural values which were no longer accepted in society at large. For many of the respondents, digital technologies routinely marginalise them in all kinds of ways. These systems keep alive violence and oppression long after civil rights have been enshrined in constitutional law. This study is just one example of the way assumptions about digital are disengaged from society-at-large. It is a call to arms to all who are passionate about socially-responsible technology.
Optimal crashworthiness design of vehicle S-frame using macro-element method and evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Pyrz Mariusz , Krzywobłocki Marek , Wolska Natalia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the crashworthiness optimization of a thin-walled frame applied as energy-absorbing element in a car structure. Crushing parameters of S-frame are modeled using the macro-element methodology. This method is implemented in the Visual Crash Studio software that enables very fast simulation of structural behavior during the impact. The objective is to determine the optimal dimensions of the frame cross-section to achieve the maximal energy absorption. Moreover, the selection of the best angle between the frame segments is investigated. In the formulation of the optimization problem, constraints related to the progressive collapse of deformation zones, required by the macro-element modeling, have been introduced. An Evolutionary Algorithm was applied to search the best solution. A real-life example of thin-walled S-frame is investigated in numerical examples. An attempt to find the solution by solving a sequence of simpler problems with reduced number of design variables is investigated. This approach is compared to the best result obtained for the problem including all design variables at the same time. This study illustrates the potential of the optimization in early-design stages of the vehicle development process and prepares perspectives for the optimization of complex energy-absorbing systems.
Metabolomics changes in brain-gut axis after unpredictable chronic mild stress
Authors: Xu Qiuyue , Jiang Mingchen , Gu Simeng , Zhang Xunle , Feng Guangkui , Ma Xianjun , Xu Shijun , Wu Erxi , Huang Jason H , Wang Fushun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting up to 17 % of the general population. The neural mechanisms of depression, however, are yet to be uncovered. Recently, attention has been drawn to the effects of dysfunctional brain-gut axis on depression, and many substances have been suggested to be involved in the communication between the gut and brain, such as ghrelin.

Methods
We herein systematically examined the changes of metabolomics after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)–induced depression-like behaviors in rats and compared the altered metabolites in the hippocampus and jejunum samples.

Results
Our results show that many metabolites significantly changed with UCMS both in the hippocampus and jejunum, such as L-glutamine, L-tyrosine, hydroxylamine, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Further studies suggested that these changes are the reasons for anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors in UCMS rats and also are the reasons for hippocampal neural plasticity.

Conclusions
Coexistence of brain and gut metabolic changes in UCMS-induced depressive behavior in rats suggests a possible role of brain-gut axis in depression. This study provides insights into the neurobiology of depression.
Age-Progressive and Gender-Dependent Bone Phenotype in Mice Lacking Both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in Prrx1-Expressing Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Nieminen-Pihala Vappu , Rummukainen Petri , Wang Fan , Tarkkonen Kati , Ivaska Kaisa K. , Kiviranta Riku 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEbfs are a family of transcription factors regulating the differentiation of multiple cell types of mesenchymal origin, including osteoblasts. Global deletion of Ebf1 results in increased bone formation and bone mass, while global loss of Ebf2 leads to enhanced bone resorption and decreased bone mass. Targeted deletion of Ebf1 in early committed osteoblasts leads to increased bone formation, whereas deletion in mature osteoblasts has no effect. To study the effects of Ebf2 specifically on long bone development, we created a limb bud mesenchyme targeted Ebf2 knockout mouse model by using paired related homeobox gene 1 (Prrx1) Cre. To investigate the possible interplay between Ebf1 and Ebf2, we deleted both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in the cells expressing Prrx1. Mice with Prrx1-targeted deletion of Ebf2 had a very mild bone phenotype. However, deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in mesenchymal lineage cells lead to significant, age progressive increase in bone volume. The phenotype was to some extent gender dependent, leading to an increase in both trabecular and cortical bone in females, while in males a mild cortical bone phenotype and a growth plate defect was observed. The phenotype was observed at both 6 and 12 weeks of age, but it was more pronounced in older female mice. Our data suggest that Ebfs modulate bone homeostasis and they are likely able to compensate for the lack of each other. The roles of Ebfs in bone formation appear to be complex and affected by multiple factors, such as age and gender.
Diagnostische und prädiktive Marker in der Harntraktzytologie
Authors: Vlajnic Tatjana , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Routinediagnostik spielt die Mehrfach-Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) nach wie vor die führende Rolle in der Abklärung unklarer Atypien in der Harntraktzytologie. Die Paris-Klassifikation (The Paris System, TPS) bildet eine wichtige Grundlage zur gezielten Indikationsstellung der FISH und untermauert die Bedeutung der morphologischen Korrelation für eine integrative Diagnosestellung. Die Next-Generation-Sequencing-Technologie, welche durch gleichzeitigen Nachweis multipler genetischer Alterationen eine hohe Sensitivität erzielt, wird in naher Zukunft auch in der Harntraktzytologie Anwendung finden.
On Discretizing Uniform Norms of Exponential Sums
Authors: Kroó András 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the uniform norm discretization problem for general real multivariate exponential sums $$p({{\mathbf{w}}})=\sum _{0\le j\le n}c_je^{\langle \mu _j, {{\mathbf{w}}}\rangle }, \;\;\mu _j, {{\mathbf{w}}}\in \mathbb {R}^d$$

p

(
w
)

=

∑

0
≤
j
≤
n

c
j

e

⟨

μ
j

,
w
⟩

,

μ
j

,
w
∈

R

d

. Given arbitrary $$0<\tau \le 1$$

0
<
τ
≤
1

this problem consists in finding discrete point sets $$ {{\mathbf{w}}}_j\in K, 1\le j\le N$$

w
j

∈
K
,
1
≤
j
≤
N

in the compact domain $$K\subset \mathbb {R}^d, d\ge 1$$

K
⊂

R

d

,
d
≥
1

so that for every $$p({{\mathbf{w}}})$$

p
(
w
)

as above we have $$\begin{aligned} \max _{{{\mathbf{w}}}\in K}|p({{\mathbf{w}}})|\le (1+\tau )\max _{1\le j\le N}|p({{\mathbf{w}}}_j)|. \end{aligned}$$

max

w
∈
K

|
p

(
w
)

|

≤

(
1
+
τ
)

max

1
≤
j
≤
N

|
p

(

w
j

)

|

.

Using certain new Bernstein–Markov type inequalities for exponential sums it will be verified that for convex polytopes and convex polyhedral cones K in $$\mathbb {R}^d, d\ge 1$$

R

d

,
d
≥
1

there exist meshes $${{\mathbf{w}}}_1,\ldots ,{{\mathbf{w}}}_N\subset K$$

w
1

,
…
,

w
N

⊂
K

of cardinality $$\begin{aligned} N\le c\left( \frac{n}{\sqrt{\tau }}\right) ^{d}\ln ^{d}\frac{\mu _n^*}{\delta \tau }, \;\;\;\mu _n^*:=\max _{1\le j\le n}|\mu _j| \end{aligned}$$

N
≤
c

n

τ

d

ln
d

μ
n
∗

δ
τ

,

μ
n
∗

:
=

max

1
≤
j
≤
n

|

μ
j

|

for which the above inequality holds for any multivariate exponential sum p with exponents satisfying the separation condition $$|\mu _{k}-\mu _j|\ge \delta , j\ne k, \delta >0$$

|

μ
k

-

μ
j

|
≥
δ
,
j
≠
k
,
δ
>
0

. In addition, the optimality of the cardinality estimates will be also discussed.
Diagnosing eyewitness identifications with reaction time-based concealed information test: the effect of observation time
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Koller Dave , Bastiaens Astrid , Verschuere Bruno 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEyewitness identification procedures rely heavily on explicit identification from lineups. Lineups have been criticized because they have a considerable error rate. We tested the potential of implicit identifications in a Concealed Information Test (CIT) as an alternative. Previous experiments have suggested that implicit identification procedures might be suited when viewing conditions were favorable. In two experiments, mock eyewitnesses (Ns = 94, 509) witnessed a videotaped mock theft with longer or shorter observation time. We derived eyewitness identifications either implicitly from CIT reaction times or explicitly from simultaneous photo lineups. In Experiment 2, we also manipulated perpetrator presence. In both experiments, the perpetrator-present CIT showed capacity to diagnose face recognition, with large effect sizes (dE1 = 0.85 [0.51; 1.18]; dE2 = 0.74 [0.52; 0.96]), as expected. Unexpectedly, no moderation by observation time was found. In line with our hypothesis, no CIT effect emerged in the perpetrator-absent condition, indicating the absence of recognition (dE2 = 0.02 [− 0.17; 0.20]). We found no compelling evidence that one method would outperform the other. This work adds to accumulating evidence that suggests that, under favorable viewing conditions and replication provided, the RT-CIT might be diagnostic of facial recognition, for example when witnesses are hesitant of making an explicit identification. Future work might investigate conditions that affect performance in one, but not the other identification method.
Yeast-based production and in situ purification of acetaldehyde
Authors: Mengers Hendrik G. , Westarp William Graf von , Brücker Daniela , Jupke Andreas , Blank Lars M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcetaldehyde is a platform chemical with a production volume of more than 1 Mt/a, but is chiefly synthesized from petrochemical feedstocks. We propose the fermentative conversion of glucose towards acetaldehyde via genetically modified S. cerevisiae. This allows for ethanol-free bioactaldehyde production. Exploiting the high volatility of the product, in situ gas stripping in an aerated reactor is inevitable and crucial due to the respiratory toxicity effects of the acetaldehyde overproduction. We devise a lab-scale setup for the recovery of the product from the off-gas. Water was chosen as a suitable solvent and the Henry coefficient of acetaldehyde in water was validated experimentally. Based on an experimentally verified capture efficiency of 75%, an acetaldehyde production rate of over 100 mg/g/h was reached in 200 mL lab-scale fermentations.