bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on behaviors of composite laminates with initial delamination defects under impact and compression after impact
Authors: Han Xuecheng , Cai Hongneng , Sun Jie , Wei Zhiyuan , Huang Yaping , Meng Lingqi , Wang Ang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe initial delamination defects may arise during the preparation of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates, so its effects need to be considered in the evolution of mechanical properties. In this article, the behaviors of composite laminates with initial delamination defects under impact and compression after impact (CAI) are investigated by numerical method. The simulation framework composed of the micromechanics of failure (MMF) theory and the mixed mode exponential cohesive zone model (ECZM) is constructed. The numerical analysis compares the effects of the interaction between four different initial delamination defects and impact loading on impact response and CAI strength at two impact velocity levels (1.336 and 2.314 m/s). Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of laminates with initial delamination defect are disclosed under CAI loading. The findings indicate that the difference in impact response is minor. The CAI strength is reduced from 250.5/173.5 to 191.5 MPa/139.1 MPa. The sufficient condition for the further significant reduction of CAI strength is that the initial delamination defects merge with the impact‐induced delamination cracks in the width direction of laminates. Moreover, the failure mechanism for CAI condition is mostly matrix damage and interlaminar crack propagation. This work provides a valuable reference for engineering failure analysis of composite laminates.
Text‐based representations with interpretable machine learning reveal structure–property relationships of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons
Authors: Fite Shachar , Wahab Alexandra , Paenurk Eno , Gross Zeev , Gershoni‐Poranne Renana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNew tools are developed and applied to enable the use of interpretable machine learning for investigation of structure–property relationships in polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs). A textual molecular representation, which is based on the annulation sequence of PBHs, is shown to be of utility either in its textual form or as a basis for a curated feature vector. Both forms display interpretability exceeding those achievable by standard SMILES representation; and the former also has increased predictive accuracy. A recently developed model, CUSTODI, was applied for the first time as an interpretable model, identifying important structural features that impact various electronic molecular properties. The resulting insights not only validate several well‐known “rules of thumb” of organic chemistry but also reveal new behaviors and influential structural motifs, thus providing guiding principles for rational design and fine‐tuning of PBHs.
The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on caregiver‐oriented outcomes in caregivers of adult cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kusi Grace , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Boamah Mensah Adwoa Bemah , Lee Charlotte T. , Viswabandya Auro , Puts Martine , Mayo Samantha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveCancer caregiving can result in increased psychosocial distress and poor health‐related quality of life (QOL). Psychoeducation has been shown to be effective in enhancing caregiving‐oriented outcomes. A systematic assessment of the overall effect of psychoeducational intervention (PEI) and identification of individual intervention characteristics that may contribute to the effectiveness of PEI is needed.MethodsFor this meta‐analysis, relevant articles were identified through electronic databases using key search terms and their medical subject heading such as “family caregiver,” “cancer,” and “psychoeducational intervention.”ResultsTwenty‐eight controlled trials with 3876 participants were included. PEIs had beneficial effect on depression (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] −0.26; 95% CI = −0.50 to −0.01, p < 0.04), anxiety (SMD −0.41; 95% CI = −0.82 to 0.01, p < 0.05), caregiver burden (SMD −0.84; 95% CI = −1.22 to −0.46, p < 0.0001) and QOL (SMD 0.59, 95% CI 0.24–0.93; p < 0.0009) at the immediate post‐intervention period. At longer‐term follow‐up, the effectiveness of PEI was maintained on QOL (SMD 0.39, 95% CI = −0.00 to −0.77, p < 0.05), and anxiety (SMD −0.57; 95% CI = −1.09 to −0.06, p < 0.03). Moderation analysis showed that intervention characteristics such as studies conducted in high‐income countries, group intervention and studies that focused on specific and mixed cancers explain some of the high variations observed among the included studies.ConclusionsPEI may benefit caregivers of cancer patients through the significant effects on caregiver burden, QOL, anxiety, and depression. The findings from the moderation analysis may be important for the design of future interventions.
Investigating the allosteric response of the PICK1 PDZ domain to different ligands with all‐atom simulations
Authors: Stevens Amy O. , Kazan I. Can , Ozkan Banu , He Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe PDZ family is comprised of small modular domains that play critical roles in the allosteric modulation of many cellular signaling processes by binding to the C‐terminal tail of different proteins. As dominant modular proteins that interact with a diverse set of peptides, it is of particular interest to explore how different binding partners induce different allosteric effects on the same PDZ domain. Because the PICK1 PDZ domain can bind different types of ligands, it is an ideal test case to answer this question and explore the network of interactions that give rise to dynamic allostery. Here, we use all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to explore dynamic allostery in the PICK1 PDZ domain by modeling two PICK1 PDZ systems: PICK1 PDZ‐DAT and PICK1 PDZ‐GluR2. Our results suggest that ligand binding to the PICK1 PDZ domain induces dynamic allostery at the αA helix that is similar to what has been observed in other PDZ domains. We found that the PICK1 PDZ‐ligand distance is directly correlated with both dynamic changes of the αA helix and the distance between the αA helix and βB strand. Furthermore, our work identifies a hydrophobic core between DAT/GluR2 and I35 as a key interaction in inducing such dynamic allostery. Finally, the unique interaction patterns between different binding partners and the PICK1 PDZ domain can induce unique dynamic changes to the PICK1 PDZ domain. We suspect that unique allosteric coupling patterns with different ligands may play a critical role in how PICK1 performs its biological functions in various signaling networks.
Population pharmacokinetics modeling and exposure‐response analyses of cemiplimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer
Authors: Nguyen Jenny‐Hoa , Epling Daniel , Dolphin Nancy , Paccaly Anne , Conrado Daniela , Davis John D. , Al‐Huniti Nidal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was previously developed for cemiplimab in patients with solid tumors, including advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Here, we update the existing PopPK model and characterize exposure‐response relationships using efficacy and safety data obtained in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (R/M CC). To improve model stability and robustness of the existing PopPK model in 1062 patients, the random‐effect error model was revised, and structural covariates were removed from the base model to be tested in the covariate analysis. The updated model was used for external validation of cemiplimab pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with R/M CC on cemiplimab monotherapy (350 mg every 3 weeks intravenously) from a phase III study (NCT03257267). Exposure‐response relationships for cemiplimab efficacy (overall survival [OS], progression‐free survival [PFS], duration of response [DOR], objective response rate [ORR]), and safety (immune‐related adverse events [irAEs]) were analyzed in 295 patients with R/M CC from the aforementioned study. The updated PopPK model showed improved stability with 94.8% successful bootstrap runs vs. 47.6% in the prior model. Cemiplimab exposure was similar across tumor types, including basal cell carcinoma, CSCC, and non‐small cell lung cancer. External validation showed the updated model adequately described cemiplimab PK in patients with R/M CC. In exposure‐response efficacy analyses, Cox proportional hazard modeling (CPHM) showed no trend between exposure and OS, Kaplan–Meier plots showed no trend between exposure and PFS or DOR, and logistic regression analyses conducted on ORR showed no exposure‐response relationship. In exposure‐response safety analyses, CPHM showed no trend between exposure and irAEs.
Studies on the mechanism of energy metabolism via AMPK/PGC‐1α signaling pathway induced by compatibility of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and Gastrodia
Authors: Ni Ni , Yang Lu‐Ping , Lin Xiao , Hong Yan‐long , Shen Lan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates overall energy consumption and energy intake through cytokines. Ligusticum striatum DC (CX) combined with Gastrodia elata Blume (TM) has been used for migraine treatment for millennia. When used alone in clinical practice, CX causes symptoms of thirst, irritability, and yellow urine and has influenced the levels of cytokines such as AMP that activate the AMPK pathway of energy metabolism. However, relationships between this compatibility prescription, integral biological energy metabolism, and the AMPK pathway remain unclear. Studies were performed by treating normal rats with physiological saline, CX extract, CX coupled TM extract, and TM extracts separately for 4 weeks. Food intake, water intake, urine output, stool output, and body weight were monitored once a week by the metabolic cage method. Values of FBG, BUN, TP, TC and TG in blood samples were detected approaching the whole blood automatic detector from 1 to 4 weeks. Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐ATPase, cAMP, and cGMP activity were determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the biological samples that were obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after drug administration were tested by GC‐TOF‐MS. Then real‐time PCR and Western Blot were applied to detect changes in expression of some substances involved in energy metabolism. The results demonstrated that administering CX alone increased energy input, mobility, and respiratory exchange ratio, accelerated energy consumption, and caused inflammatory infiltration in the liver. CX coupled with TM led to lower energy metabolism and liver damage in comparison with CX used alone. Moreover, CX‐treated rats harbored higher levels of differential metabolites (including pyrophosphate, oxaloacetic acid, and galactinol). Glycerophospholipid metabolism and the citrate cycle are closely related to the differential metabolites above. In addition, CX‐induced unbalanced energy metabolism depends on cAMP activation mediated by the AMPK/PGC‐1α pathway in rats. Our findings suggest that CX‐induced energy metabolism imbalance was corrected after coupling with TM by mediating the AMPK/PGC‐1α pathway.
A multi‐module soft robotic arm with soft actuator for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Zhang Yin , Liao Jianyi , Chen Minghong , Li Xin , Jin Guoqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompared to traditional rigid robotic arms, soft robotic arms are flexible, environmentally adaptable and biocompatible. Recently, most minimally invasive cardiac procedures still rely on traditional rigid surgical tools. However, rigid tools lack sufficient bending angles, which are high‐risk in terms of contact with tissues and organs.MethodsA soft robotic arm with multiple degrees of freedom was designed to repair atrial septal defects in cardiac surgery. The developed multi‐module soft robotic arm consists of four different units, including a bending unit, a turning unit, a stretching unit and gripper units. The three movement units can reach the specified position, and the gripper units can hold a surgical tool stably, such as a suture needle in cardiac surgery.ResultsA cardiac surgery to repair an atrial septal defect has been completed, validating the reliability and functionality of the developed multi‐module soft robotic arm.ConclusionsThe multi‐module flexible soft robotic arm for minimally invasive surgery proposed in this paper can reach the designated surgical area during surgery to repair Atrial Septal Defects. Meanwhile, the design of the actuator of the robot arm was used a completely soft silicone material replacing the rigid material, which releases the contact trauma of the organs during the surgery.
Continuum robots for endoscopic sinus surgery: Recent advances, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Cao Yongfeng , Shi Yuxuan , Hong Wuzhou , Dai Peidong , Sun Xicai , Yu Hongmeng , Xie Le 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been recognized as an effective treatment modality for paranasal sinus diseases. Over the past decade, continuum robots (CRs) for ESS have been studied, but there are still some challenges. This paper presents a review on the scientific studies of CRs for ESS.MethodsBased on the analysis of the anatomical structure of the paranasal sinus, the requirements of CRs for ESS are discussed. Recent studies on rigid robots, handheld flexible robots, and CRs for ESS are presented. Surgical path planning, navigation, and control are also included.ResultsConcentric tube CRs and cable‐driven CRs have great potential for applications in ESS. The CRs incorporated with multiple replaceable arms with different functions are preferable in ESS.ConclusionFurther study on navigation and control is required to improve the performance of CRs for ESS.
Participation in a yoga intervention is associated with improved mental health among Latinx adolescents
Authors: Hospital Michelle M. , Clarke Rachel D. , Morris Staci Leon , Fernandez Sofia B. , Spadola Christine E. , Wagner Eric F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLatinx youth with mental health disorders have worse outcomes when compared to their White (non‐Hispanic) counterparts. Latinx youth also have less access to and lower utilization of mental health services. Emerging research supports the psychological and physical benefits of engaging in yoga and yoga may function as a complimentary treatment option for patients with mental health challenges. However, research assessing the efficacy of yoga and mindfulness is particularly sparse among Latinx youth, who may particularly benefit from mind body awareness activities given barriers to more traditional health approaches. The objective of this quasi‐experimental study was to examine the effects of a 12‐week Vinyasa flow‐based yoga group intervention on anxiety, depression, empathy, and life satisfaction among adolescents receiving outpatient mental health treatment. Adolescents (n = 186; 12–17 years old) were recruited to an active intervention condition (Yoga); a subsequent group of participants (n = 91) were recruited in the same manner to an assessment‐only comparison control condition (Comparison). The Yoga group participated in culturally and developmentally tailored group yoga classes for 12 weeks. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the main effect intervention response between participants in the two conditions. At the post‐intervention assessment, after controlling for baseline levels of outcome variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, empathy, and life satisfaction), on average participants in the yoga condition reported: less depression symptoms (B = −1.54, p = 0.008), less anxiety symptoms (B = −0.75, p = 0.048), greater empathy (B = 1.32, p = 0.025) and greater life satisfaction (B = 0.30, p = 0.013) as compared to the Comparison condition. Yoga interventions can be an acceptable and feasible modality for promoting well‐being and reducing mental health problems among Latinx youth.
Recent Progress of Carbon Dots for Air Pollutants Detection and Photocatalytic Removal: Synthesis, Modifications, and Applications
Authors: Zhao Jungang , Li Caiting , Du Xueyu , Zhu Youcai , Li Shanhong , Liu Xuan , Liang Caixia , Yu Qi , Huang Le , Yang Kuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRapid industrialization has inevitably led to serious air pollution problems, thus it is urgent to develop detection and treatment technologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and efficient removal of harmful pollutants. Notably, the employment of functional nanomaterials, in sensing and photocatalytic technologies, is promising to achieve efficient in situ detection and removal of gaseous pollutants. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have shown significant potential due to their superior properties, such as controllable structures, easy surface modification, adjustable energy band, and excellent electron‐transfer capacities. Moreover, their environmentally friendly preparation and efficient capture of solar energy provide a green option for sustainably addressing environmental problems. Here, recent advances in the rational design of CDs‐based sensors and photocatalysts are highlighted. An overview of their applications in air pollutants detection and photocatalytic removal is presented, especially the diverse sensing and photocatalytic mechanisms of CDs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided, emphasizing the importance of synthetic mechanism investigation and rational design of structures.
Implications of the changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a changing world
Authors: Agrawal Manasi , Jess Tine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has undergone considerable shifts since its emergence in the Western world over a century ago, especially in the last few decades, with increasing global burden of disease. IBD incidence continues to rise in developed countries in all age groups which is contributing to compounding prevalence. Further, IBD incidence is rising sharply in Asia and other recently developed and developing countries. In this review, we discuss the implications of changing trends of IBD epidemiology. First, changing patterns provide insights into IBD causes, as they occur concurrent with shifts in the environment, cultures, and attitudes. Understanding the impact of the environment on IBD risk can help towards prediction and prevention strategies. Second, we must prepare healthcare systems for the rising burden of IBD and address it at various levels towards improving outcomes and health, overall.
Forest access restores foraging and ranging behavior in captive sifakas
Authors: Greene Lydia K. , Andriambeloson Jean‐Basile , Blanco Marina B. , Ehmke Erin E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCaptive wildlife benefit from ecologically informed management strategies that promote natural behaviors. The Duke Lemur Center has pioneered husbandry programs rooted in species' ecology for a diversity of lemurs, including housing social groups in multiacre forest enclosures. We systematically document the foraging and ranging patterns of Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) living in these forest enclosures. Coquerel's sifakas are seasonal frugo‐folivores that exhibit striking feeding flexibility in the wild. They are also one of the few members of the Indriidae family to persist in captivity. During all‐day follows in the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years, we tracked the behavior of 14 sifakas in six forest enclosures. The sifakas' ranging and foraging patterns reflected those of wild sifakas in western Madagascar: On average, DLC sifakas occupied 3‐day home ranges of 1.2 ha, traveled 473 m/day, and spent 26% of their time foraging for wild foodstuffs. The sifakas foraged most for young and mature leaves, fruits, nuts, and flowers from 39 plant species, especially red maple (Acer rubrum), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), grapevine (Vitis rotundifolia), hickory (Carya spp.), and white oak (Quercus alba). Foraging patterns varied across seasons, enclosure areas, and groups, potentially reflecting differences in phenology, microhabitats, and individual preferences. While demonstrating that captive‐bred primates express wild‐like behaviors under ecologically relevant conditions, our results underscore the feeding flexibility of the Coquerel's sifaka. Captive wildlife exhibiting the range of species‐specific behaviors are key resources for ecological research and might be best suited for future reintroductions.
The Beetles (Coleoptera) of Príncipe, São Tomé and Annobón
Authors: Nève Gabriel , Bonneau Patrick , Coache Alain , Serrano Artur , Filippi Gérard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe known beetle fauna of Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón amounts to 403 species and subspecies, of which 190 (47%) are endemic. The most diverse families of beetles are the Cerambycidae (61 species), the Tenebrionidae (57 species), the Carabidae (45 species), the Scarabaeidae (34 species), and the Coccinellidae (31 species). Most records come from São Tomé, with 297 species. In comparison, Príncipe, with 151 recorded species, and especially Annobón, with 16 recorded species, still require extensive faunistic investigations. The families Staphylinidae and Curculionidae probably hold numerous undescribed species and should be the focus of future research. Most of the endemic species live in forests. Therefore, the continued conservation of large forest areas on the islands is key to the long-term survival of their unique beetle fauna. As elsewhere, the beetle fauna will likely suffer from the effects of climatic change, and high-altitude species are likely to be the most severely affected.
Terrestrial Mollusca of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Panisi Martina , de Lima Ricardo F. , Lima Jezreel do C. , dos Santos Yodiney , Sinclair Frazer , Tavares Leonor , Holyoak David T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea are known for their remarkable endemic species richness, and the terrestrial Mollusca group is particularly distinctive. This chapter summarizes the exploration and diversity of this group, discussing biogeography, evolution, ecology, and conservation to identify persisting knowledge gaps. Terrestrial malacological studies in the Gulf of Guinea islands started at the end of the eighteenth century but have been intermittent. Recent systematic surveys have continued to find novelties, and the most recent revision lists 96 species, of which 62 are endemic: Príncipe has 40 terrestrial (60% single-island endemic) and five seashore species, São Tomé has 52 terrestrial (50% single-island endemic) and seven seashore species, Annobón has 14 terrestrial species (50% single-island endemic), 3 species are endemic to Príncipe and São Tomé, and 2 are endemic to the three islands. The islands were colonized by diverse “clades” arriving from continental Africa, which is consistent with biogeographical patterns from other taxonomic groups. However, in line with Mollusca dispersal limitations, inter-island colonization seems to be less frequent, while there are multiple cases of speciation within the same island. The land snail assemblage on São Tomé seems to be strongly structured by land-use type: endemics being associated mostly with forest and non-endemics to anthropogenically modified environments. Only 13 species have been recorded across the altitudinal range of São Tomé, suggesting altitude is also essential to determining species distribution. Habitat loss and introduced species are important threats, but so far, only the endemicArchachatina bicarinatahas been listed as threatened. Despite recent progress, further studies are still needed to better understand this unique fauna and inform conservation strategies.