bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work Group 4 Position Paper: Formal, Non-formal and Informal Aspects of Physics Education at the Primary Level
Authors: Giliberti M , Čepič M , Sokolowska D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Physics teachers’ training and professional development play a crucial role in preparing schools for the countless challenges they face. One of the central issues in the preparation of teachers is to provide them with tools, strategies, and methods to be able to build bridges between school and society, particularly to find fruitful links between formal, non-formal, and informal teaching, starting from primary school. In this paper, we report on some discussions developed during the Malta 2020 webinar by the Work Group 4 (WG4) participants, together with some questions and answers that emerged.
Neutron stars for training high-school teachers
Authors: Giliberti E , Perotti L , Giliberti M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this period of COVID-19 emergency, online inquiry-based educational paths are of crucial importance for school. Here, we present a didactic path for training high-school teachers to be developed online, using as a starting point the physics of neutron stars. Our aim is to train teachers in performing at distance inquiry activities based on real experimental data and in acquiring the skills to use such activities in classwork. The path is scheduled to be tested for the first time in Spring 2021.
Monitoring PCK physics teachers’ strategies for Math and Physics Languages Integration: the teacher footprint.
Authors: Bologna V , Longo F , Peressi M , Sorzio P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The last twenty years of research in Physics Education have underlined the important role of the so-called Phys-Math interplay. The lack of students’ ability, at different ages and levels, to construct the mathematical model of physical processes or to describe the physical meaning of mathematical constructs has been emphasized. The main research work is currently attributing this difficulty to the way in which these subjects are taught, with a direct connection to the teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the role of the physics teachers’ PCK in this interplay at the early stage of the physics study. To this aim, teachers’ and classes’ activities in different high schools have been observed. We report here the results of such observations, focusing in particular to the integration of the two disciplines’ languages.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 15: The multi-Regge limit
Authors: Del Duca Vittorio , Dixon Lance J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We review the Regge and multi-Regge limit of scattering amplitudes in gauge theory, focusing on QCD and its maximally supersymmetric cousin, planar

N
=
4

super-Yang–Mills theory. We identify the large logarithms that are developed in these limits, and the progress that has been made in resumming them, towards next-to-next-to-leading logarithms for BFKL evolution in QCD, as well as all-orders proposals in planar

N
=
4

super-Yang–Mills theory and the perturbative checks of those proposals. We also cover the application of single-valued multiple polylogarithms to this important kinematical limit of particle scattering.
Plastic waste mapping and monitoring using geospatial approaches
Authors: Zulkifli A.N. , Shafri H. Z. M. , Hirose K. , Noor N. M. , Maulud K. N. A. , Asmawi M. Z. , Mokraoui L. , Ang Y. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Riverine plastic pollution has received worldwide attention due to numerous challenges associates with it. This study is premised on the need to reduce plastic leakage from land-based sources into the ocean. Geospatial technology was used to model plastic leakage in Sungai Pinang, Pulau Pinang. This study proposed a citizen-based approach because the plastic waste project requires public participation. Citizen science application was used for plastic waste tracking along the river stretch. Collected data was then used to analyze plastic waste hotspot at the study area. The hotspot map shows that area has higher plastic waste at the middle of the study area which related to residential and recreational areas. Waste collection route was analyzed using the geographical information system (GIS) tool which is Network Analyst to identify the most efficient route collection from the waste point to Pulau Burung sanitary landfill. This GIS-based research method can be applied to other regions and data on the distribution can be used elsewhere. This paper shows how plastic tracking can be used to obtain information on riverine plastic pollution. Our research demonstrated that a combination of citizen science and a GIS technique can be utilized to improve public participation in raising awareness of marine plastic pollution.
What would be better for urban mapping in the Klang Valley? SPOT or Sentinel-1
Authors: Wahab M A , Md-Zin S M , Yaban@Julius M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Klang Valley is undergoing rapid urbanization. Many cities in Klang Valley are developing to cope with the trend for migration to more urbanized areas. At the current pace and magnitude of urbanization, land expansion is one of the most visible, irreversible forms of land use and land cover change. Thus, Remote Sensing is regarded as an essential tool in these contexts that are important for urban studies and planning. In the past, many studies have relied on optical Remote Sensing rather than synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Some have argued that SAR is a poor choice because of its speckle noise and requires complex pre-processing, but countries in the tropics, where clouds are a big problem, cannot always rely on optical. The present work utilizes the interferometric coherence method with the C-band datasets acquired from the Sentinel-1 and compares it with the vegetation index method on the SPOT datasets for 2016 and 2021. Once adequately processed and classified, the SAR images resulted in significant textures on urban areas with respect to the map generated from vegetation index of SPOT images. Hence, these findings may prove beneficial in developing an effective urban planning strategy and policy formulation for the Klang Valley.
Identifying Shoreline Changes in Tanjung Burung Forest Reserve and its Impact on Mangrove Stands Using Geospatial Technique
Authors: Fuazi Mohd Fairuz , Patah Norizan Abdul , Shahar Jamal Shuhaily 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia (FDPM) has received reports of coastal erosion and the death of mangrove trees in some parts of Tanjung Burung Forest Reserve, in the Kinta/Manjung area. This forest reserve especially on the southern part serves as a natural protector to Pantai Remis – an economically important coastal town in that area. To investigate the shoreline changes and its impact on mangrove stands, eight scenes of Landsat and SPOT-6 images from 1988 to 2020 were used. Shoreline extraction was performed using the classification technique and reclassify function, while statistics of shoreline change rate were measured using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool. Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis was also conducted to assess the condition of mangrove stands in the study area. Shoreline changes in the study area showed an erosion trend of up to 733.33 m with rate of change from -3.01 m/y to -23.43 m/y. This indicates many areas are experiencing critical erosion according to National Coastal Erosion Study (NCES) 2015. The results of this study can provide an overview of the current coastal erosion as well as an input for the authorities in taking appropriate necessary measures to protect this forest reserve.
Vessel charges estimation by using geospatial approach for Kuantan Port, Pahang
Authors: Kadir W H K , Zulkarnain M Z A , Khanan M F A , Ariffin A , Rambat S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rapid changes in global shipping transportation introduce numerous technologies, among them known as “Automated Identification System (AIS)”. AIS is a transponder system that continuously transmits vessel information data between nearby vessels and shore stations via “Very High Frequency (VHF)” signals channels. In the recent past, a majority of the ports in the world use AIS to monitor and handle vessel activities within their jurisdiction. Nevertheless, there are integration issues with other information systems such as Geographic Information System (GIS) for marine and maritime environments. In regards to these issues, this study highlights the study of vessel charges estimation by using a geospatial approach for Port Kuantan, Pahang. The methodology involves tasks such as reviewing the current practice of vessel port charges estimation, undertaking geospatial analysis for vessel movement charges, estimating and validating charges for selected vessels. The result shows the information of vessel movement that is used to estimate specific vessel charges where finally this result is validated using Kuantan Port Consortium (KPC) charges system known as “Estimation Charges”. To conclude, the vessel charges estimation enables the integration between AIS and GIS in solving the problem of maritime transportation at port industries.
Uncertainty analysis in spatial planning application based on geographical information system (GIS) in Malang City
Authors: Arief M. Habibullah , Ramdani Fatwa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic analysis of the spatial information system based on Web-GIS in Malang city, Indonesia, related to the sources and types of uncertainty that happened, so that they do not have a negative effect on decision making. Process uncertainty analysis considering the various components of the so-called domains, which include Production-Oriented Uncertainty, Transformation-Oriented Uncertainty, and Application-Oriented Uncertainty. Based on the results of the analysis, obtained the uncertainty on the domain Production-Oriented form of vagueness and ambiguity caused by the non-synchronization of data between the central government and the city of Malang. Uncertainty on the Transformation-Oriented domain focuses on topological errors with an area gap value of 4,85 Km2, RMSE = 1,027, and a topology error percentage of 6.39%. Uncertainty in the Application-Oriented domain found an ambiguity due to the effect of the vagueness on Production-Oriented. It can be concluded that the source of uncertainty from the spatial information system based on Web-GIS in Malang city, Indonesia, is processed data in the Production-Oriented domain. Uncertainty in geographic information at this time should be considered an integral part of what must be built into our knowledge. Thus we can find out the complex nature of uncertainty in the spatial modeling sphere.
A Real-Time Distance Prediction via Deep Learning and Microsoft Kinect
Authors: Tham Hwee Sheng , Hussin Razaidi , Ismail Rizalafande Che 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
3D(Dimension) understanding has become the herald of computer vision and graphics research in the era of technology. It benefits many applications such as autonomous cars, robotics, and medical image processing. The pros and cons of 3D detection bring convenience to the human community instead of 2D detection. The 3D detection consists of RGB (Red, Green and Blue) colour images and depth images which are able to perform better than 2D in real. The current technology is relying on the high costing light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, the use of Microsoft Kinect has replaced the LiDAR systems for 3D detection gradually. In this project, a Kinect camera is used to extract the depth of image information. From the depth images, the distance can be defined easily. As in the colour scale, the red colour is the nearest and the blue colour is the farthest. The depth image will turn black when reaching the limitation of the Kinect camera measuring range. The depth information collected will be trained with deep learning architecture to perform a real-time distance prediction.
The influence of tool’s surface topography on mechanical properties of injection moulded product
Authors: Ovsik Martin , Stanek Michal , Dockal Adam , Reznicek Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This publication deals with influence of tool topography (injection mould) on properties of a product. Surface of the mould was machined by various finishing technologies (milling, grinding, polishing and electrical discharge machining) which resulted in varying surface quality of the tool. The tested topography had an effect on the flow length of polymer and topographical and mechanical properties of the specimen. Examined properties (surface topography and mechanical properties) were measured in several places along the length of the product (starting at the gate and finishing at the end of the specimen). The results show that increase of the tool’s surface roughness leads to longer flow length. These findings disprove the necessity for polishing of each and every shaping part of the mould when manufacturing non-visual products. Thus, from economical and manufacturing perspective the milled or grinded tool surfaces are sufficient. Furthermore, replication of the tool’s topography is non-homogenous, which results in varying mechanical properties throughout the product. The discrepancy in mechanical properties along the length of the product is caused by differing cooling speeds in the mould. In practice, guided cooling can be used to achieve varying mechanical properties in desired places of the injected article. For example, highly stressed parts can be manufactured with the goal of having improved mechanical properties in specific places of the product. Future application of these findings poses a significant benefit for industrial practice, as it could lower the manufacturing cost of the injection mould in order of tens of percent.
Optimal charging of a superconducting quantum battery
Authors: Hu Chang-Kang , Qiu Jiawei , Souza Paulo J P , Yuan Jiahao , Zhou Yuxuan , Zhang Libo , Chu Ji , Pan Xianchuang , Hu Ling , Li Jian , Xu Yuan , Zhong Youpeng , Liu Song , Yan Fei , Tan Dian , Bachelard R , Villas-Boas C J , Santos Alan C , Yu Dapeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Quantum batteries are miniature energy storage devices and play a very important role in quantum thermodynamics. In recent years, quantum batteries have been extensively studied, but limited in theoretical level. Here we report the experimental realization of a quantum battery based on superconducting qutrit. Our model explores dark and bright states to achieve stable and powerful charging processes, respectively. Our scheme makes use of the quantum adiabatic brachistochrone, which allows us to speed up the battery ergotropy injection. Due to the inherent interaction of the system with its surrounding, the battery exhibits a self-discharge, which is shown to be described by a supercapacitor-like self-discharging mechanism. Our results paves the way for proposals of new superconducting circuits able to store extractable work for further usage.
Nondifferential Treatment Misclassification Biases Toward the Null? Not a Safe Bet for Active Comparator Studies
Authors: Ross Rachael K , Su I-Hsuan , Webster-Clark Michael , Jonsson Funk Michele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Active comparator studies are increasingly common, particularly in pharmacoepidemiology. In such studies, the parameter of interest is a contrast (difference or ratio) in the outcome risks between the treatment of interest and the selected active comparator. While it may appear treatment is dichotomous, treatment is actually polytomous as there are at least 3 levels: no treatment, the treatment of interest, and the active comparator. Because misclassification may occur between any of these groups, independent nondifferential treatment misclassification may not be toward the null (as expected with a dichotomous treatment). In this work, we describe bias from independent nondifferential treatment misclassification in active comparator studies with a focus on misclassification that occurs between each active treatment and no treatment. We derive equations for bias in the estimated outcome risks, risk difference, and risk ratio, and we provide bias correction equations that produce unbiased estimates, in expectation. Using data obtained from US insurance claims data, we present a hypothetical comparative safety study of antibiotic treatment to illustrate factors that influence bias and provide an example probabilistic bias analysis using our derived bias correction equations.
Enhancement of PET degradation by PET depolymerase with the microbe addition
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Aoki Wataru 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by modified PET depolymerase has recently attracted much attention. We found that mixing a PET depolymerase with non-genetically modified Thermus sp. can enhance its PET-degrading activity by 7.7-fold. This approach is attractive for constructing a sustainable PET recycling system.
Dual Liminars: Teenagers and Young People with a Family Member in Prison
Authors: Deacon Kirsty 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Young people’s voices are rarely heard within research or policy discourse, including in respect of familial imprisonment. This article centralizes their voices and specific experiences of parental and/or sibling imprisonment by drawing on in-depth interviews with 17 young people aged 17–25 at the time of interview, though also reflecting back on when they were younger. Drawing on the concept of liminality, and specifically dual liminality, it argues that in order to fully recognize and understand these experiences, we must consider the interactions between the multiple forms of liminality they are subject to – in places, as people with a family member in prison and as adolescents – in order to understand their experiences as the family member of a prisoner and as young people.
Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Lassa Fever: An Observational Clinical Study at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Groger Mirjam , Akhideno Peter , Kleist Christine J , Babatunde Femi O , Edeawe Osahogie , Hinzmann Julia , Akhigbe ThankGod , Nwatuzor Joy , Eifediyi Gloria , Müller Jonas , Hinrichs Mette , Pahlmann Meike , Sarpong Francisca Naana , Wagner Christine , Thielebein Anke , Aihonwalan Louis , Koch Till , Riedner Maria , Ogbaini-Emovon Ephraim , Okogbenin Sylvanus , Günther Stephan , Wicha Sebastian G , Ramharter Michael , Oestereich Lisa , Duraffour Sophie , Erameh Cyril 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Lassa fever is endemic in large parts of West Africa. The recommended antiviral treatment is ribavirin. Two treatment regimens are currently endorsed in Nigeria: the “McCormick regimen” based on a study published in 1986 and the “Irrua regimen” constituting a simplified schedule developed at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Evidence for the safety and efficacy of ribavirin in Lassa fever patients is poor and pharmacokinetic data for both regimens are lacking

Methods
Polymerase chain reaction-confirmed Lassa fever patients with mild to moderate disease severity were invited to participate in this prospective, observational pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacokinetics of ribavirin, clinical, virologic, and clinical laboratory parameters were assessed.

Results
Using a population pharmacokinetic approach, plasma concentrations of ribavirin were best described by a 3-compartment model. Drug exposure was remarkably consistent between participants. Overall, drug clearance was 28.5% lower in female compared with male participants. Median (5th-95th percentile) time above half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 37.3% (16.9%–73.1%), 16.7% (8.2%–58.5%), and 9.6% (4.9%–38.4%) on days 1, 7, and 8, respectively. Clinical laboratory parameters indicated reduction of cell damage and development of hemolytic anemia in the course of the treatment period.

Conclusions
This observational study characterizes the pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in the treatment of Lassa fever indicating consistent exposure across patients. Whereas only a short time interval of concentrations above the IC50 implies rather low antiviral efficacy in vivo, the prominent reduction of cell damage markers might point to indirect—potentially anti-inflammatory—effects of ribavirin. The role of ribavirin in the treatment of Lassa fever requires further scrutiny.
Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multinational Case-Control Study
Authors: Mejia-Chew Carlos , Carver Peggy L , Rutjanawech Sasinuch , Camargo Luis F Aranha , Fernandes Ruan , Belga Sara , Daniels Shay-Anne , Müller Nicolas J , Burkhard Sara , Theodoropoulos Nicole M , Postma Douwe F , van Duijn Pleun J , Fariñas María Carmen , González-Rico Claudia , Hand Jonathan , Lowe Adam , Bodro Marta , Vanino Elisa , Cruz Ana Fernández , Ramos Antonio , Makek Mateja Jankovic , Mjahed Ribal Bou , Manuel Oriol , Kamar Nassim , Calvo-Cano Antonia , Carrasco Laura Rueda , Muñoz Patricia , Rodríguez Sara , Pérez-Recio Sandra , Sabé Núria , Álvarez Regino Rodríguez , Silva José Tiago , Mularoni Alessandra , Vidal Elisa , Alonso-Titos Juana , del Rosal Teresa , Classen Annika Y , Goss Charles W , Agarwal Mansi , López-Medrano Francisco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections after solid organ transplant (SOT) are not well characterized. Here we aimed to describe these factors.

Methods
Retrospective, multinational, 1:2 matched case-control study that included SOT recipients ≥12 years old diagnosed with NTM infection from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. Controls were matched on transplanted organ, NTM treatment center, and post-transplant survival greater than or equal to the time to NTM diagnosis. Logistic regression on matched pairs was used to assess associations between risk factors and NTM infections.

Results
Analyses included 85 cases and 169 controls (59% male, 88% White, median age at time of SOT of 54 years [interquartile range {IQR} 40–62]). NTM infection occurred in kidney (42%), lung (35%), heart and liver (11% each), and pancreas transplant recipients (1%). Median time from transplant to infection was 21.6 months (IQR 5.3–55.2). Most underlying comorbidities were evenly distributed between groups; however, cases were older at the time of NTM diagnosis, more frequently on systemic corticosteroids and had a lower lymphocyte count (all P &lt; .05). In the multivariable model, older age at transplant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.07), hospital admission within 90 days (aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.41–6.98), receipt of antifungals (aOR, 5.35; 95% CI, 1.7–16.91), and lymphocyte-specific antibodies (aOR, 7.73; 95% CI, 1.07–56.14), were associated with NTM infection.

Conclusions
Risk of NTM infection in SOT recipients was associated with older age at SOT, prior hospital admission, receipt of antifungals or lymphocyte-specific antibodies. NTM infection should be considered in SOT patients with these risk factors.