bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of topical pharmacological, oral pharmacological, physical and combined treatments for acne vulgaris
Authors: Mavranezouli Ifigeneia , Welton Nicky J. , Daly Caitlin H. , Wilcock Jane , Bromham Nathan , Berg Laura , Xu Jingyuan , Wood Damian , Ravenscroft Jane C. , Dworzynski Katharina , Healy Eugene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common skin condition that may cause psychosocial distress. There is evidence that topical treatment combinations, chemical peels and photochemical therapy (combined blue/red light) are effective for mild-to-moderate acne, while topical treatment combinations, oral antibiotics combined with topical treatments, oral isotretinoin and photodynamic therapy are most effective for moderate-to-severe acne. Effective treatments have varying costs. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England considers cost-effectiveness when producing national clinical, public health and social care guidance.AimTo assess the cost-effectiveness of treatments for mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe acne to inform relevant NICE guidance.MethodsA decision–analytical model compared costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of effective topical pharmacological, oral pharmacological, physical and combined treatments for mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe acne, from the perspective of the National Health Service in England. Effectiveness data were derived from a network meta-analysis. Other model input parameters were based on published sources, supplemented by expert opinion.ResultsAll of the assessed treatments were more cost-effective than treatment with placebo (general practitioner visits without active treatment). For mild-to-moderate acne, topical treatment combinations and photochemical therapy (combined blue/red light) were most cost-effective. For moderate-to-severe acne, topical treatment combinations, oral antibiotics combined with topical treatments, and oral isotretinoin were the most cost-effective. Results showed uncertainty, as reflected in the wide confidence intervals around mean treatment rankings.ConclusionA range of treatments are cost-effective for the management of acne. Well-conducted studies are needed to examine the long-term clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the full range of acne treatments.
Microsurface Transformations
Authors: Atanasov A. , Koylazov V. , Dimov R. , Wilkie A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe derive a general result in microfacet theory: given an arbitrary microsurface defined via standard microfacet statistics, we show how to construct the statistics of its linearly transformed counterparts. A common use case of such transformations is to generate anisotropic versions of a given surface. Traditional anisotropic derivations based on varying the roughness of an isotropic distribution in an ellipse have a general closed‐form formula only for the subclass of shape‐invariant distributions. While our formulation is equivalent to these specific constructs, it is more general in two aspects: it leads to simple closed‐form solutions for all distributions, including shape‐variant ones, and works for all invertible 2D transform matrices. The latter is of particular importance in case of deformation of the macrosurface, since it can be approximated locally by a linear transformation in the tangent plane. We demonstrate our results using the Generalized Trowbridge‐Reitz (GTR) distribution which is shape‐invariant only in the special case of the popular Trowbridge‐Reitz (GGX) distribution.
Controlling Material Appearance by Examples
Authors: Hu Yiwei , Hašan Miloš , Guerrero Paul , Rushmeier Holly , Deschaintre Valentin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the ubiquitous use of materials maps in modern rendering pipelines, their editing and control remains a challenge. In this paper, we present an example‐based material control method to augment input material maps based on user‐provided material photos. We train a tileable version of MaterialGAN and leverage its material prior to guide the appearance transfer, optimizing its latent space using differentiable rendering. Our method transfers the micro and meso‐structure textures of user provided target(s) photographs, while preserving the structure and quality of the input material. We show our methods can control existing material maps, increasing realism or generating new, visually appealing materials.
Recolorable Posterization of Volumetric Radiance Fields Using Visibility‐Weighted Palette Extraction
Authors: Tojo Kenji , Umetani Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVolumetric radiance fields have recently gained significant attention as promising representations of photorealistic scene reconstruction. However, the non‐photorealistic rendering of such a representation has barely been explored. In this study, we investigate the artistic posterization of the volumetric radiance fields. We extend the recent palette‐based image‐editing framework, which naturally introduces intuitive color manipulation of the posterized results, into the radiance field. Our major challenge is applying stylization effects coherently across different views. Based on the observation that computing a palette frame‐by‐frame can produce flickering, we propose pre‐computing a single palette from the volumetric radiance field covering its entire visible color. We present a method based on volumetric visibility to sample visible colors from the radiance field while avoiding occluded and noisy regions. We demonstrate our workflow by applying it to pre‐trained volumetric radiance fields with various stylization effects. We also show that our approach can produce more coherent and robust stylization effects than baseline methods that compute a palette on each rendered view.
Point‐Pattern Synthesis using Gabor and Random Filters
Authors: Huang Xingchang , Memari Pooran , Seidel Hans‐Peter , Singh Gurprit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPoint pattern synthesis requires capturing both local and non‐local correlations from a given exemplar. Recent works employ deep hierarchical representations from VGG‐19 [SZ15] convolutional network to capture the features for both point‐pattern and texture synthesis. In this work, we develop a simplified optimization pipeline that uses more traditional Gabor transform‐based features. These features when convolved with simple random filters gives highly expressive feature maps. The resulting framework requires significantly less feature maps compared to VGG‐19‐based methods [TLH19; RGF∗20], better captures both the local and non‐local structures, does not require any specific data set training and can easily extend to handle multi‐class and multi‐attribute point patterns, e.g., disk and other element distributions. To validate our pipeline, we perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on a large variety of point patterns to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Finally, to better understand the impact of random filters, we include a spectral analysis using filters with different frequency bandwidths.
Scoring system for predicting the prognosis of elderly gastric cancer patients after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Ito Nobuhito , Funasaka Kohei , Fujiyoshi Toshihisa , Nishida Kazuki , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Kakushima Naomi , Furune Satoshi , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Horiguchi Noriyuki , Shibata Tomoyuki , Miyahara Ryoji , Haruta Jun‐Ichi , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesComprehensive assessments of the long‐term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) in the elderly are unavailable. We aimed to create a scoring system to predict the long‐term prognosis after ESD for EGC among patients aged ≥75 years.MethodsWe conducted retrospective studies of two cohorts: a single‐center cohort (2006–2011) for developing the scoring system, and a multicenter cohort for validating the developed system (2012–2016). In the development cohort, factors related to death after ESD were identified using multivariable Cox regression analysis, and a predictive scoring system was developed. In the validation cohort, the scoring system was validated in 295 patients.ResultsIn the development cohort, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥3 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.017), high psoas muscle index (PMI) (HR 2.206), and age ≥80 years (HR 1.978) were significantly related to overall survival after ESD. Therefore, high CCI, low PMI, and age ≥80 years were assigned 1 point each. The patients were categorized into low (≤1 point) and high (≥2 points) score groups based on their total scores. In the validation cohort, 184 and 111 patients were assigned to the low‐ and high‐score groups, respectively. In comparisons based on Kaplan–Meier curves, the 5‐year survival rate was 91.5% in the low‐score group and 57.8% in the high‐score group (log‐rank test; P < 0.001).ConclusionOur scoring system including high CCI, low PMI, and age ≥80 years could stratify the long‐term prognosis of elderly patients aged ≥75 years after ESD for EGC.
Salivary noncoding RNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Koopaie Maryam , Kolahdooz Sajad , Fatahzadeh Mahnaz , Aleedawi Zainab Abdulkareem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer is considered one of the most deadly malignancies, primarily because of its diagnostic challenges. We performed a systematic review and diagnostic meta‐analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of noncoding salivary RNAs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis.MethodsOur investigation involved pertinent studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LIVIVO, Ovid and also the Google Scholar search engine. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated, as were positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The summary receiver‐operating characteristics and area under the curve were plotted and assessed.ResultsThis meta‐analysis and systematic review involved and examined five studies that contained 145 study units with a total of 2731 subjects (1465 pancreatic cancer patients versus 1266 noncancer controls). The pooled specificity, sensitivity, NLR, PLR and DOR were 0.783 (95% CI: 0.759–0.805), 0.829 (95% CI: 0.809–0.848), 0.309 (95% CI: 0.279–0.343), 3.386 (95% CI: 2.956–3.879) and 18.403 (95% CI: 14.753–22.954), respectively, with the area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.882. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the saliva type (unstimulated and stimulated), mean age of patients, sample size, type of control, serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19‐9) level and type of salivary noncoding RNA (microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)).ConclusionsThe results of our systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that noncoding RNA biomarkers in the stimulated saliva could be a promising approach for accurate pancreatic cancer diagnosis in the early stages.
Paediatric dentistry trainee views on training relating to the medically compromised child and oral medicine elements of specialty training curricula
Authors: Atkin Philip Alan , Simms Melanie Louise , Reeve‐Brook Lauren Jenny , Ezzeldin Maryam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPaediatric dentists care for children who are medically compromised and with an orofacial disease; therefore, trainees need appropriate training in these areas. The prevalence of congenital and chronic diseases in children is increasing, and future specialists need an understanding of human health and disease and oral medicine. This study aimed to determine if current teaching and assessments were fulfilling these requirements.Materials and MethodsA survey distributed to the UK and Ireland specialty trainees asked their opinions on whether knowledge gained prior to entering training, and teaching and learning during training equipped them for future management of medically compromised children and those with oral medicine diagnoses.ResultsThe response rate was 51% (26 trainees). Most were aware of curriculum elements for medically compromised children and oral medicine. The majority felt that knowledge and experience gained as undergraduates and early graduates was insufficient and recognised the need for these topics in speciality training. For medically compromised children, this learning was considered a good use of time by 96% of trainees, and 88% felt that this topic should be given more attention. For oral medicine, this learning was considered a good use of time by 96% of trainees, and 69% felt that this topic should have more attention.ConclusionPaediatric dentistry specialty trainees recognise that knowledge and experience of managing patients considered medically compromised and those with oral medicine conditions are an important part of training and need greater emphasis, especially in light of changing demographics with congenital and acquired chronic disease, and children with oral medicine disorders.
First record of the parasitoid Cryptochetum jorgepastori (Cadahia, 1984) (Cryptochetidae: Diptera) from Jordan
Authors: Katbeh Bader Ahmad , Al‐Jboory Ibrhim J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCryptochetum jorgepastori (Cryptochetidae: Diptera) is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Adult flies emerged from the giant date palm mealybug, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), attacking date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, Canary Island date palm, Phoenix canariensis, and fan palms, Washingtonia sp., in Ghawr Kabid in the central Jordan Valley. The collected specimens were identified according to the original descriptions for the adult (including male and female genitalia) and the operculum of the pupa. Specimens were deposited at the University of Jordan Insects Museum. A survey to confirm the current distribution of C. jorgepastori and its hosts in Jordan is needed as well as the study of its biology and ecology and to evaluate its potential role in integrated pest management programmes.
Integrating online pronunciation instruction: The case of learners of French
Authors: Meritan Camille 
Published: August 2022

The ChallengeHow can we teach pronunciation when COVID‐19 has taken time away from in‐class interaction? Can intelligible speech be achieved through online pronunciation instruction to save time in the classroom? This article presents how homework‐based online pronunciation lessons can support intelligibility and comprehensibility in intermediate French learners.
Soil moisture–atmosphere feedback dominates land N2O nitrification emissions and denitrification reduction
Authors: Liao Jiayuan , Luo Qiqi , Hu Ang , Wan Wenkai , Tian Dian , Ma Jingwei , Ma Tian , Luo Hao , Lu Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil moisture (SM) is essential to microbial nitrogen (N)‐cycling networks in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have found that SM–atmosphere feedbacks dominate the changes in land carbon fluxes. However, the influence of SM–atmosphere feedbacks on the N fluxes changes, and the underlying mechanisms remain highly unsure, leading to uncertainties in climate projections. To fill this gap, we used in situ observation coupled with gridded and remote sensing data to analyze N2O fluxes emissions globally. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of temperature, hydroclimate on global N2O fluxes, as the result of SM–atmosphere feedback impact on N fluxes. We found that SM–temperature feedback dominates land N2O emissions by controlling the balance between nitrifier and denitrifier genes. The mechanism is that atmospheric water demand increases with temperature and thereby reduces SM, which increases the dominant N2O production nitrifier (containing amoA AOB gene) and decreases the N2O consumption denitrifier (containing the nosZ gene), consequently will potential increasing N2O emissions. However, we find that the spatial variations of soil–water availability as a result of the nonlinear response of SM to vapor pressure deficit caused by temperature are some of the greatest challenges in predicting future N2O emissions. Our data‐driven assessment deepens the understanding of the impact of SM–atmosphere interactions on the soil N cycle, which remains uncertain in earth system models. We suggest that the model needs to account for feedback between SM and atmospheric temperature when estimating the response of the N2O emissions to climatic change globally, as well as when conducting field‐scale investigations of the response of the ecosystem to warming.
Anthropogenic habitat modification alters calling phenology of frogs
Authors: Liu Gracie , Kingsford Richard T. , Callaghan Corey T. , Rowley Jodi J. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic habitat modification significantly challenges biodiversity. With its intensification, understanding species' capacity to adapt is critical for conservation planning. However, little is known about whether and how different species are responding, particularly among frogs. We used a continental‐scale citizen science dataset of >226,000 audio recordings of 42 Australian frog species to investigate how calling—a proxy for breeding—phenology varied along an anthropogenic modification gradient. Calling started earlier and breeding seasons lengthened with increasing modification intensity. Breeding seasons averaged 22.9 ± 8.25 days (standard error) longer in the most modified compared to the least modified regions, suggesting that frog breeding activity was sensitive to habitat modification. We also examined whether calls varied along a modification gradient by analysing the temporal and spectral properties of advertisement calls from a subset of 441 audio recordings of three broadly distributed frog species. There was no appreciable effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on any of the measured call variables, although there was high variability. With continued habitat modification, species may shift towards earlier and longer breeding seasons, with largely unknown ecological consequences in terms of proximate and ultimate fitness.
Reducing academic flying beyond COVID‐19: Drivers, alternatives, and avenues for change
Authors: van de Glind Bram , Gomez‐Baggethun Erik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to advance our understanding of the underlying reasons that sustain high levels of academic flying, and examines how a low‐carbon academia with less air travel might come about. Data from 30 interviews with academics showed that expectations of internationalisation, networking, and ideals of a productive academic stand among the strongest drivers of academic flying. These drivers come forth from underlying objectives such as pursuing excellence in research and working towards successful careers. Findings from this research suggest that institutional and cultural change are prerequisites to mainstream practical alternatives to academic flying, such as wider use of digital communication tools, grounded travelling, and low‐carbon conferences and meetings. We see a role for universities, grant‐providing authorities, and other academic organisations to include environmental standards and criteria in internationalisation strategies, the concept of excellence, and funding evaluation processes. From our analysis of academics' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we identify three factors that appear essential in determining whether digital communication tools can substitute for physical presence: (1) desired type of interaction, (2) existing social relations among participants, and (3) number of participants. Finally, we discuss whether and to what extent voluntary guidelines, the adoption of digital tools, and other soft measures may lead to cuts in academic flying at the scale and pace required for meeting climate targets, suggesting that enforcing limits on academic air travel might be unavoidable.
Therapeutic horticulture and desistance from crime
Authors: DelSesto Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA growing number of organisations and institutions are using sustainability and horticultural interventions in the correctional context for their supposed healing, rehabilitative or therapeutic benefits. This article thematically reviews a range of qualitative, quantitative, case study, meta‐analysis, and controlled experimental research studies – to compare what is known about therapeutic horticulture interventions with research on pathways to desistance from crime. It finds the following areas are both evidence‐based outcomes in therapeutic horticulture and factors that likely contribute to desistance from crime: identity transformation; education and vocational training; mental health and wellness; social support; and spirituality and religion. Overall, the review will be of interest to practitioners implementing therapeutic horticulture in correctional or community settings, and researchers studying re‐entry or resettlement programmes, therapeutic horticulture, and desistance.
New approach for hair keratin characterization: Use of the confocal Raman spectroscopy to assess the effect of thermal stress on human hair fibre
Authors: Essendoubi Mohammed , Andre Nada , Granger Bérengère , Clave Celine , Manfait Michel , Thuillier Isabelle , Piot Olivier , Ginestar Jose 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of our research was to investigate the heat‐protecting effect of a product ex vivo and in vivo on human hair fibres.MethodsA preparatory study was carried out in order to determine an optimal threshold of thermal stress. For this, the structure of cross‐sections of the hair fibre was observed by optical microscopy. Then, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) were applied to analyse ex vivo and in vivo morphological and molecular damage in hair structure after heat stress. Finally, in vivo tests were used to collect consumer perception.ResultsThe preparatory study enabled us to determine an optimal stress threshold of 10 heating cycle for SEM and 5 heating cycle for CRS. Based on spectral hierarchical classification using Ward's clustering algorithm, the ex vivo Raman results show that the spectral signature of the hair treated and heated is very close to the negative control. This shows that the product preserves the keratin structure after thermal stress. These results were also confirmed by an in vivo Raman analysis performed on hair samples from 5 donors. In concordance with Raman results, SEM shows that treated hair presents lesser “bubbles” and “crackling” on the hair surface. Finally, the in vivo studies proved that hair was more protected from heat.ConclusionThe authors concluded that the product shows protective properties with respect to morphological and molecular heat damage. We also demonstrate that the product promotes the α‐helix keratin conformation and preserves the S‐S disulfide bands.