bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ synthesis, microstructure, and properties of NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coatings by plasma spraying
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Yang Yong , Jia Shitong , Wang Yanwei , Ma Yuduo , Cui Yuhang , Wang Xingyu , Sun Wenwei , Wang Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe high melting point and strong chemical bonding of NbB2 pose a great challenge to the preparation of high-density nanostructured NbB2 composite coating. Herein, we report a novel, simple, and efficient method to fabricate in-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating by plasma spraying Nb2O5-B4C-Al composite powder, aiming at realizing the higher densification and ultra-fine microstructure of NbB2 composite coating. The microstructure and properties of in-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating were studied comparatively with ex-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating (plasma spraying NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite powder). The reaction mechanism of Nb2O5-B4C-Al composite powder in plasma jet was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the in-situ nanostructured NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating presented a lower porosity and superior performance including higher microhardness, toughness and wear resistance compared to the plasma sprayed ex-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 coating and other boride composite coatings. Densification of the in-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 coating was attributed to the low melting point of Nb2O5-B4C-Al composite powder and the exothermic effect of in-situ reaction. The superior performance was ascribed to the density improvement and the strengthening and toughening effect of the nanosized phases. The in-situ reaction path could be expressed as: Nb2O5 + Al → Nb + Al2O3, and Nb + B4C → NbB2 + NbC.
Automatic hypocenter determination with the IPFx method for the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence
Authors: Yamada Masumi , Chen Da-Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extended integrated particle filter (IPFx) method is an automatic source determination algorithm designed for the Japanese earthquake early warning (EEW) system. The method improved earthquake source determination during active seismicity by incorporating the smart phase association scheme. We applied this method to the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence and evaluated its performance by comparing it to the manual catalog. We used 1-month continuous waveforms from February 2018 at 170 stations. Owing to the higher noise level, we improved the phase association algorithm to avoid noise contamination. Out of 127 earthquakes with a seismic intensity ≥ 4, 105 were successfully detected in one month, of which 103 had good accuracy with a location error of < 30 km. The detectability of earthquakes decreased immediately following large events. The IPFx method showed good performance in detecting earthquakes with seismic intensity ≥ 4 during the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence. The method was also applied to the 1-day continuous data on April 18, 2021, and detected 14 earthquakes with a magnitude ~ 2 that were not on the manual catalog. Currently, the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan uses the effective epicenter method to locate earthquakes for the EEW system. However, source determination for offshore events is difficult as most of the stations are on land. We expect the IPFx method to provide better location estimates for offshore earthquakes and during the period of active seismicity. It also provides an earlier warning as it sends the first message when three stations are triggered. This new method can potentially improve the speed and accuracy of the Taiwanese EEW system.
Engagement with Activity Monitoring During a Behavioral Activation Intervention: A Randomized Test of Monitoring Format and Qualitative Evaluation of Participant Experiences
Authors: Fazzino Tera L. , Kunkel Adrianne , Bellitti Joseph , Romine Rebecca Swinburne , Yi Richard , McDaniel Courtney , Lejuez Carl W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBehavioural activation (BA) is an efficacious treatment approach. Activity monitoring is a key component of brief BA treatments; however, no studies have examined the most efficacious format for monitoring. The present pilot study tested brief versus intensive activity monitoring approaches during a BA intervention administered in a college orientation course. Outcomes characterised (1) engagement with the treatment protocol via activity monitoring and (2) participant qualitative experiences with monitoring and the intervention as reported during focus group interviews. Four course sections were randomly assigned to receive monitoring forms that were brief (assessed activities three times daily) or intensive (assessed activities hourly). Forms were provided electronically to students via a web-based platform which tracked completion. There were no significant differences in monitoring frequency (38.0 vs. 23.0 days; p = .154) or the duration of monitoring engagement (62.0 vs. 36.0 days; p = .054) between the brief and intensive conditions. Qualitative findings suggested that participants in both conditions found utility in activity monitoring, particularly during the first month as they transitioned to college. Overall, findings indicated that participants may find utility in monitoring during the first month of a BA intervention using either brief or intensive monitoring forms.Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT04038190
prepOSCE: A Virtual, Scalable Solution to Prepare Residents for Their OSCE Examination
Authors: Garofalo Laura E. , Gaikwad Nitin , Menzies Stuart , Thomas Carol , Curtis Colleen , Parpal Hélène 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:The Royal College Comprehensive Objective Examination in Neurology provides certification for Canadian neurologists and consists of a written examination and the Observed Structured Clinical Encounter (OSCE). The OSCE portion of the certification involves residents visiting several patient stations where they address case scenarios with an examiner. Unfortunately, residents lack exam preparation time due to demanding work hours. In response to resident needs, we created a novel, virtual preparation OSCE program – “prepOSCE” – and evaluated its efficacy. The prepOSCE program employed a proprietary virtual solution from CTC Communications Corp. Ten virtual sessions accommodated 70 residents totally. Seven Canadian physicians and two co-chairs created case scenarios for the stations. On session day, seven residents arrived in a virtual plenary room for briefing followed by assignment to a station by CTC. Residents then moved virtually through prepOSCE stations a different examiner and case scenario in each. Following their session, residents and evaluators were surveyed to capture experiences. The average program rating was 4.22 out of 5 (n= 36 residents of 70 residents who participated in the program) and 4.35 (n= 17 evaluators). Ninety-two percent of residents agreed or strongly agreed that they would recommend this program to their peers; they would like prepOSCE to continue next year; and the program was relevant and added value to their studies. The positive feedback received from prepOSCE participants indicates there is a need for a program like prepOSCE. This model has potential for expansion and it is hoped that specialties outside of neurology could benefit from a similar program.
Enemies or allies? How NGOs can push the military towards transparency around the use of force
Authors: Colli Francesca , Reykers Yf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article examines the conditions under which non-governmental organisations (NGOs) gain access to defence administrations when campaigning for transparency around the use of military force. We theorise that gaining access in this traditionally secluded domain is a matter of supply and demand. NGOs can gain access through technical and political information, yet not without demand for these resources, dependent on the politicisation of concerns about the use of force. We focus on the activities of Airwars, an international NGO, and its campaign in the Netherlands (2015–20) to foster transparency about civilian casualties caused by Dutch airstrikes. Our analysis shows that their credible information about air strikes led to access to the defence administration and allowed them to effectively advocate for transparency, mediated by the politicisation of the issue through parliamentary and media attention. Our findings contribute both to the literature on NGO advocacy and to the field of civil-military relations.
Interdependent Independence: Civil Self-Sufficiency and Productive Community in Kant’s Theory of Citizenship
Authors: Vrousalis Nicholas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKant’s theory of citizenship replaces the French revolutionary triptych of liberty, equality and fraternity with freedom (Freiheit), equality (Gleichheit) and civil self-sufficiency (Selbständigkeit). The interpretative question is what the third attribute adds to the first two: what does self-sufficiency add to free consent by juridical equals? This article argues that Selbständigkeit adds the idea of interdependent independence: the independent possession and use of citizens’ interdependent rightful powers. Kant thinks of the modern state as an organism whose members are agents possessed of rightful (productive) powers, whose interdependent mode of exercise independently of unilateral permission matters for right. The empirical form of that ideal, according to Kant, is a republic of independent commodity producers. I will show that this reading of Selbständigkeit can consistently explain Kant’s disenfranchisement of women, wage labourers and landless farmers; that it offers a robust alternative to influential republican, libertarian and proprietarian interpretations of the Kantian state; and that it can buttress an original account of community as productive interdependence.
Introduction to a Two‐Way Beam Wave Method and Its Applications in Seismic Imaging
Authors: Yang Jidong , Huang Jianping , Zhu Hejun , McMechan George , Li Zhenchun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRay theory gives a high‐frequency asymptotic solution of the wave equation, which has been widely used in the seismic study because of its high computational efficiency and good physical insights for elementary waves. However, the fundamental high‐frequency assumption makes it difficult to accurately simulate the finite‐frequency effect of wave propagations. On the other hand, the Gaussian beam, as one of the advanced ray‐based methods, overcomes the amplitude singularity problem near the caustics by introducing a complex‐valued paraxial approximation. But Gaussian beams only use the velocity and up to second‐order velocity derivative of central rays and thus does not accurately simulate the response of heterogeneity away from the rays. To bridge the gap between the ray theory and wave‐equation methods, we present a two‐way beam wave method and apply it to seismic imaging. A fan of central rays are first shot to extract local ray‐centered model parameters in the global Cartesian coordinates. Then, a finite‐difference method is used to solve the acoustic wave equation in the ray‐centered coordinates to simulate wave propagations near the central rays. The beam wave method can accurately simulate the response of the velocity heterogeneities in the ray tubes and therefore produces more accurate wavefields. In addition, we discretize the ray‐centered wave equation onto a non‐orthogonal grid, which considerably reduces the computational cost. We apply the two‐way beam wave method in seismic imaging and develop a beam wave reverse‐time migration. It inherits the advantages of both ray‐based and wave equation migrations, and produces clear images for complicated structures with fewer artifacts than traditional imaging methods.
Intensified Likelihood of Concurrent Warm and Dry Months Attributed to Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Chiang Felicia , Greve Peter , Mazdiyasni Omid , Wada Yoshihide , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDetection and attribution studies generally examine individual climate variables such as temperature and precipitation. Thus, we lack a strong understanding of climate change impacts on correlated climate extremes and compound events, which have become more common in recent years. Here we present a monthly‐scale compound warm and dry attribution study, examining CMIP6 climate models with and without the influence of anthropogenic forcing. We show that most regions have experienced large increases in concurrent warm and dry months in historical simulations with human emissions, while no coherent change has occurred in historical natural‐only simulations without human emissions. At the global scale, the likelihood of compound warm‐dry months has increased 2.7 times due to anthropogenic emissions. With this multivariate perspective, we highlight that anthropogenic emissions have not only impacted individual extremes but also compound extremes. Due to amplified risks from multivariate extremes, our results can provide important insights on the risks of associated climate impacts.
Energetic Electron Microinjections Observed by MMS in the Dusk Plasma Sheet and Drift Resonance Interpretation
Authors: Luo Zhekai , Xie Lun , Fu Suiyan , Pu Zuyin , Xiong Ying , Zhou Xuzhi , Zong Qiugang , Li Li , Russell C. T. , Ergun R. E. , Burch J. L. , Blake J. B. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroinjection phenomena, characterized by dispersive oscillations of electron fluxes at the Pc5 period and bi‐directional pitch angle anisotropy, are frequently observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale in the dusk to midnight plasma sheet. In this paper, two such events are analyzed and the features of toroidal mode drift resonance measured meanwhile are shown in detail. The prominent observation is that the fluctuations of the electron flux and the electric field have either −90° or +90° phase difference at the resonant energy, and the phase difference rises as the energy increases. We extend the present theory for drift resonance of toroidal mode wave with only the equatorial moving electrons in a dipole field to include bouncing electrons. The predicted phase differences based on the new theory are consistent well with the observations in the microinjection events. It is thus suggested that drift resonance may act as the forming mechanism for the observed microinjections.
Electron Energization by High‐Amplitude Turbulent Electric Fields: A Possible Source of the Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Usanova M. E. , Ergun R. E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe turbulent energy cascade that is characteristic of bursty bulk flow (BBF) braking regions in the Earth's magnetotail has been shown to be the energy source of large‐amplitude electric fields (>50 mV/m) which can, in turn, result in local energetic electron acceleration. These pre‐energized electrons can move inward to stronger magnetic fields being further accelerated and can eventually supply an energetic tail to electron distributions in the outer radiation belt. Using wave and plasma measurements from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites during four tail seasons from 2015 to 2019, we study the process of BBF magnetic and kinetic energy being transferred to electrons by turbulent electric fields from a statistical perspective. We identify turbulent BBF regions by the presence of high‐amplitude electric fields. We show that the high‐amplitude electric fields are associated with an increase in electron temperature by three times compared to quiet times and with a ten‐fold increase in temperature fluctuations. They are also associated with strong variations of energetic electron fluxes, indicative of local acceleration. We further discuss the implications of these findings and the role of this pre‐energized electron population in supplying the outer radiation belt.
The Permeability of Porous Volcanic Rock Through the Brittle‐Ductile Transition
Authors: Heap Michael J. , Meyer Gabriel G. , Noël Corentin , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Baud Patrick , Violay Marie E. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe permeability of volcanic rock controls the distribution of pore fluids and pore fluid pressure within a volcanic edifice, and is therefore considered to influence eruptive style and volcano deformation. We measured the porosity and permeability of a porous volcanic rock during deformation in the brittle and ductile regimes. In the brittle regime, permeability decreases by a factor of 2–6 up to the peak stress due the closure of narrow pore throats but, following shear fracture formation, remains approximately constant as strain is accommodated by sliding on the fracture. In the ductile regime, permeability continually decreases, by up to an order of magnitude, as a function of strain. Although compaction in the ductile regime is localized, permeability is not reduced substantially due to the tortuous and diffuse nature of the compaction bands, the geometry of which was also influenced by a pore shape preferred orientation. Although the evolution of the permeability of the studied porous volcanic rock in the brittle and ductile regimes is qualitatively similar to that for porous sedimentary rocks, the porosity sensitivity exponent of permeability in the elastic regime is higher than found previously for porous sedimentary rocks. This exponent decreases during shear‐enhanced compaction toward a value theoretically derived for granular media, suggesting that the material is effectively granulating. Indeed, cataclastic pore collapse evolves the microstructure to one that is more granular. Understanding how permeability can evolve in a volcanic edifice will improve the accuracy of models designed to assist volcano monitoring and volcanic hazard mitigation.
Air Injection Into Water‐Saturated Granular Media—A Dimensional Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ben‐Noah Ilan , Friedman Shmulik P. , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGas saturation degree and flow patterns are key factors for modeling and designing multiphase systems and operations. In turn, these factors are strongly related to the flow dynamics, which are controlled largely by the fluid and media properties. However, predicting the gas distribution and flow pattern remains elusive. Data from 11 series of steady air injection experiments into initially water‐saturated granular media, conducted with different media and flow geometries, are analyzed to identify the main factors governing air saturation and flow patterns. For air injection into otherwise water‐saturated granular media, the flow pattern is affected mainly by the ratio between the Capillary number (ratio of viscous to capillary forces) and the Bond number (ratio of gravitational to capillary forces), that is, by the ratio of viscous to gravitational forces. Moreover, the meta‐analysis presented here indicates that the steady air saturation degree is correlated strongly to flow velocity and grain diameter. Furthermore, analysis of experimental results from different studies of air injection into coarse, homogeneous, granular media (glass beads, sand) also suggests a significant effect of inertial forces. Both viscous and buoyancy forces increased air saturation, while capillary forces decreased the saturation degree. The ratio between capillary and buoyancy forces determines the air flow pattern during air injection into otherwise water‐saturated media.
eSCCIP-SP: Adapting an eHealth Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Parents of Children With Cancer
Authors: Canter Kimberly S. , Perez Ramirez Alejandra , Vega Gabriela , Bava Laura , Barrera Maru , Hildenbrand Aimee K. , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Psychosocial interventions for Latinx parents of children with cancer (PCC) are scarce, despite documented psychosocial risk in this population. This article describes the development of El Programa Electrónico de Intervención para Superar el Cancer Competentemente (eSCCIP-SP), a Spanish-language psychosocial intervention for PCC, adapted from an existent eHealth intervention for English-speaking PCC (eSCCIP). Methods: The adaptation process was multifaceted and followed best practice guidelines from the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services literature. eSCCIP intervention materials were first translated and reviewed by Spanish-speaking members of the study team, consultants, and medical interpreters. New video materials were created with Spanish-speaking families, and cultural adaptations were made to intervention materials. The completed intervention was refined via Think Aloud Testing with Spanish-speaking PCC and by expert review. Results: A user-centered, multistep adaptation process was used to develop and evaluate eSCCIP-SP. Results from Think Aloud Testing were positive, with the majority of suggested comments related to phrasing and edits. Participants provided positive feedback about the intervention and its potential impact. Conclusions: The rigorous development of eSCCIP-SP provides a model for adapting psychosocial interventions for Spanish-speaking PCC. Initial results suggest that eSCCIP-SP is an acceptable psychosocial intervention. Implications for Impact Statement eSCCIP-SP is a psychosocial eHealth intervention for Spanish-speaking parents and caregivers of children with cancer. This intervention has the potential to reduce a critical gap in care in terms of supporting this important population by providing flexible, accessible, high-quality psychosocial care to Spanish-speaking PCC.
Pharmacogenomics of Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Islam Farhana , Hain Daniel , Lewis David , Law Rebecca , Brown Lisa C. , Tanner Julie-Anne , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough clozapine is the most effective pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it is under-utilized, and initiation is often delayed. One reason is the occurrence of a potentially fatal adverse reaction, clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CIA). Identifying genetic variations contributing to CIA would help predict patient risk of developing CIA and personalize treatment. Here, we (1) review existing pharmacogenomic studies of CIA, and (2) conduct meta-analyses to identify targets for clinical implementation. A systematic literature search identified studies that included individuals receiving clozapine who developed CIA and controls who did not. Results showed that individuals carrying the HLA-DRB1*04:02 allele had nearly sixfold (95% CI 2.20–15.80, pcorrected = 0.03) higher odds of CIA with a negative predictive value of 99.3%. Previously unreplicated alleles, TNFb5, HLA-B*59:01, TNFb4, and TNFd3 showed significant associations with CIA after multiple-testing corrections. Our findings suggest that a predictive HLA-DRB1*04:02-based pharmacogenomic test may be promising for clinical implementation but requires further investigation.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 regulates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by stabilizing Keap1
Authors: Xu Qiong , Liu Mingke , Gu Jielei , Ling Sisi , Liu Xiaolin , Luo Zhenyu , Jin Yangshuo , Chai Renjie , Ou Wenchao , Liu Shiming , Liu Ningning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex pathological process that is still not fully understood. The oxidative stress response has a critical role in the occurrence and progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study investigated the specific mechanism of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) regulation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from the perspective of proteasome degradation and its relation with the Keap1 pathway, a vital regulator of cytoprotective responses to endogenous and exogenous stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrophiles. Our data indicated that USP7 expression is increased during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, while its inhibiting suppressed the generation of oxygen free radicals and myocardial cell apoptosis, reduced myocardial tissue damage, and improved heart function. Mechanistically, USP7 stabilizes Keap1 by regulating its ubiquitination. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic effect of USP7 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.