bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound findings in prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 18 associated with elevated levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Authors: Chen Yiming , Ning Wenwen , Chen Yijie , Huai Lei , Huang Anqian 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Trisomy 18, also referred to as Edwards syndrome, is the second most common autosomal trisomy syndrome. Trisomy 18 can be identified during prenatal screening by the detection of abnormal maternal serum results and one or more structural abnormalities on ultrasound. Previous studies confirmed that levels of pregnancy-related plasma protein A, alpha-fetoprotein, and free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in the serum of pregnant women carrying fetuses with trisomy 18 were lower than those in women with normal pregnancies.

Patient concerns:
A 29-year-old pregnant woman with a high risk of trisomy 18 underwent maternal serum screening at 16 weeks of gestation. The patient exhibited an elevated level of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (125 U/mL; 3.5225-fold higher than the multiple of the median). Ultrasonography revealed multiple abnormalities.

Diagnoses:
Culture of amniotic fluid cells revealed a karyotype of 47, XY, +18.

Interventions and outcomes:
The pregnancy was terminated.

Lessons:
Trisomy 18 can be identified prenatally by detection of abnormal levels of key proteins in the maternal serum, and detection of one or more structural abnormalities by ultrasound screening. Prenatal serological screening combined with ultrasound can effectively diagnose fetuses with trisomy 18 in the second trimester.
Assessing the Pathophysiology of Hyperglycemia in the Diabetes RElated to Acute Pancreatitis and Its Mechanisms Study
Authors: Dungan Kathleen M. , Hart Phil A. , Andersen Dana K. , Basina Marina , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Danielson Kirstie K. , Evans-Molina Carmella , Goodarzi Mark O. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Kalyani Rita R. , Laughlin Maren R. , Pichardo-Lowden Ariana , Pratley Richard E. , Serrano Jose , Sims Emily K. , Speake Cate , Yadav Dhiraj , Bellin Melena D. , Toledo Frederico G. S. ,   on behalf of the Type 1 Diabetes in Acute Pancreatitis Consortium (T1DAPC)
Published: October 2022

Objectives
The metabolic abnormalities that lead to diabetes mellitus (DM) after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) have not been extensively studied. This article describes the objectives, hypotheses, and methods of mechanistic studies of glucose metabolism that comprise secondary outcomes of the DREAM (Diabetes RElated to Acute pancreatitis and its Mechanisms) Study.

Methods
Three months after an index episode of AP, participants without preexisting DM will undergo baseline testing with an oral glucose tolerance test. Participants will be followed longitudinally in three subcohorts with distinct metabolic tests. In the first and largest subcohort, oral glucose tolerance tests will be repeated 12 months after AP and annually to assess changes in β-cell function, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In the second, mixed meal tolerance tests will be performed at 3 and 12 months, then annually, and following incident DM to assess incretin and pancreatic polypeptide responses. In the third, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests will be performed at 3 months and 12 months to assess the first-phase insulin response and more precisely measure β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions
The DREAM study will comprehensively assess the metabolic and endocrine changes that precede and lead to the development of DM after AP.
Evaluating the Immunopathogenesis of Diabetes After Acute Pancreatitis in the Diabetes RElated to Acute Pancreatitis and Its Mechanisms Study
Authors: Casu Anna , Grippo Paul J. , Wasserfall Clive , Sun Zhaoli , Linsley Peter S. , Hamerman Jessica A. , Fife Brian T. , Lacy-Hulbert Adam , Toledo Frederico G.S. , Hart Phil A. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Bellin Melena D. , Yadav Dhiraj , Laughlin Maren R. , Goodarzi Mark O. , Speake Cate ,   on behalf of the Type 1 Diabetes in Acute Pancreatitis Consortium (T1DAPC)
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The association between acute pancreatitis (AP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has long been established, with the initial descriptions of AP patients presenting with DM after a bout of AP published in the 1940s and 50s. However, the potential mechanisms involved, particularly those components related to the immune system, have not been well defined. The Diabetes RElated to Acute pancreatitis and its Mechanisms (DREAM) study is a multicenter clinical study designed to understand the frequency and phenotype of DM developing after AP. This article describes one objective of the DREAM study: to determine the immunologic mechanisms of DM after AP, including the contribution of β-cell autoimmunity. This component of the study will assess the presence of islet autoimmunity, as well as the magnitude and kinetics of the innate and adaptive immune response at enrollment and during longitudinal follow-up after 1 or more episodes of AP. Finally, DREAM will evaluate the relationship between immune features, DM development, and pancreatitis etiology and severity.
The Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment Score Is Prognostic of Pancreatitis Severity in Patients With Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Wagner Jason , Hernández Blanco Yllen Y. , Yu Abraham , Garcia-Rodriguez Victor , Mohajir Wasay , Goodman Colin , DuPont Andrew W. , Cash Brooks D. , Farooq Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine if the quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score assessed at and 48 hours after admission is prognostic for alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis (AAP) severity.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort review study of 161 patients admitted to a single academic hospital in Houston, TX, with the diagnosis of AAP. Receiver operator characteristics analysis and logistic regression were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic ability of the qSOFA score.

Results
A qSOFA score of 2 or higher at and 48 hours after admission had a specificity of 94% or greater and sensitivity of 33% or higher for pancreatitis severity and need for intensive care admission, intubation, or vasopressors. The qSOFA score at and 48 hours after admission was prognostic of intensive care unit admission by an adjusted odds ratio of 48.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4–1013.3; P < 0.001) and 18.8 (95% CI, 2.2–467.3; P < 0.05), respectively. The qSOFA score at admission was prognostic of severe pancreatitis by an adjusted odds ratio of 35.3 (95% CI, 7.2–224.3; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A qSOFA score of 2 or higher is highly specific and prognostic of multiple clinical outcomes both at and 48 hours after admission in patients with AAP.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Campagna Vivian , Mitchell Ellen , Krsnak Jean 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Social determinants of health (SDOH) continue to gain attention as the factors that weigh heavily on physical and mental health. In response, professional case managers need to develop a deeper understanding of the entrenched nature of SDOH, particularly the spiraling and compounding effects of economic, environmental, and social factors on the health and well-being of individuals and populations. Professional case managers are essential to helping identify both the barriers experienced by individuals in accessing and receiving the care they need and the resources to eliminate or mitigate those barriers. These responsibilities should be most keenly felt by case managers who are board-certified and therefore held accountable by codes of ethics to ensure justice and fairness. By embedding greater awareness of SDOH into the case management process—from intake and assessment through implementation, evaluation, and across care transitions—case managers can establish rapport with clients (known as “patients” in some care settings) and support improved outcomes through best practices in care coordination, thus contributing to the Triple Aim of improving the health of people and populations and reducing the per capita cost of care.

Primary Practice Settings:
SDOH impact individuals across the health and human services, including acute care, subacute care, primary care, community-based care, and workers' compensation.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Case management plays a vital role in providing people with episodic care and ensuring adequate follow-up. The latter includes if and how people are able to access the ongoing care they need, including medications (access and affordability), doctors' visits, therapies and other services, healthy nutrition, and more. However, a lack of affordability undermines an individual's ability to receive preventive care and treatment of chronic illnesses and potentially more serious and life-threatening conditions such as cancer. Compounding the impact of affordability can be a lack of transportation that inhibits access to health care professionals, which can affect individuals in both rural and inner-city environments. Although poverty and homelessness play a direct role in SDOH, case managers cannot assume which clients are impacted by these factors and which are not. Higher costs of living, loss of job or reduced income, unexpected expenses, and death of, or divorce from, a partner/spouse can negatively impact a client's ability to access and afford care. With this understanding, case managers can meet individuals where they are to explore how SDOH affects their lives, without judgment, bias, or assumption.
“Fluidic device system for mechanical processing and filtering of human lipoaspirate ex vivo enhances recovery of mesenchymal stem cells in comparison to standard nanofat processing.”
Authors: Lombardo Jeremy A , Banyard Derek A , Widgerow Alan D. , Haun Jered B. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Adipose tissue is an easily accessible source of stem and progenitor cells that offers exciting promise as an injectable autologous therapeutic for regenerative applications. Mechanical processing is preferred over enzymatic digestion, and the most common method involves shuffling lipoaspirate (LA) between syringes and filtering to produce nanofat (NF). While NF has shown exciting clinical results, we hypothesized that new device designs could enhance recovery of stem/progenitor cells through optimization of fluid dynamics principles, integration, and automation.

Methods:
We designed and fabricated the Emulsification and Micronization Device (EMD) and the Filtration Device (FD) to replace the manual NF procedures. Using human LA samples, the EMD and FD were optimized and compared to traditional NF using ex vivo measurements of cell number, viability, and percentage of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

Results:
The EMD produced statistically similar results to NF, and these findings were confirmed for a cohort of diabetic patients. Combining the FD with the EMD was superior to manually filtered NF both in terms of recovered cell percentages (>1.5-fold) and numbers (2 to 3-fold). Differences were statistically significant for total MSCs and a DPP4+/CD55+ sub-population linked to improved wound healing in diabetes.

Conclusions:
The new EMD and FD devices improved mechanical processing of human LA in terms of MSC enrichment and number compared to traditional NF. Future work will seek to investigate the wound healing response both in vitro and in vivo, as well as refine the technology for automated operation within clinical settings.
Relationship of Exercise Capacity, Physical Function, and Frailty Measures With Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization in Lung Transplantation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bourgeois Nicholas , Shallwani Shirin M. , Al-Huda Fahad S. , Mathur Sunita , Poirier Charles , Janaudis-Ferreira Tania 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Measures of exercise capacity, frailty, and physical function are commonly used in lung transplant candidates and recipients to evaluate their physical limitations and the effects of exercise training and to select candidates for transplantation. It is unclear how these measures are related to clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization before and after lung transplantation. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe how measures of exercise capacity, physical function, and frailty are related to pre- and posttransplant outcomes.

Methods.
We considered studies of any design that included performance-based tests of exercise capacity, physical function, and frailty in adult lung transplant candidates or recipients. Outcomes of interest were clinical outcomes (eg, mortality, quality of life) and healthcare utilization.

Results.
Seventy-two articles met the inclusion criteria. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) was shown to be related to mortality on the waiting list with different distance values as cutoffs points. There were inconsistent results regarding the relationship of the 6MWT with other clinical outcomes. Few studies have examined the relationship between the cardiopulmonary exercise test or the short physical performance battery and clinical outcomes, although some studies have shown relationship with survival posttransplant and quality of life. Few studies examined the relationship between the tests of interest and healthcare utilization‚ and the results were inconsistent.

Conclusions.
Except for the relationship between the 6MWT and mortality on the waiting list, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship of performance-based measures of exercise capacity, frailty, and physical function with clinical outcomes or healthcare utilization.
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses After a 3-dose Course of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cucchiari David , Egri Natalia , Rodriguez-Espinosa Diana , Montagud-Marrahi Enrique , Casals-Urquiza Joaquim , Del Risco-Zevallos Jimena , Bodro Marta , Ventura-Aguiar Pedro , Cofan Frederic , Cacho Judit , Molina-Andujar Alicia , Rovira Jordi , Banon-Maneus Elisenda , José Ramirez-Bajo Maria , Pérez-Olmos Anna , Garcia-Pascual Marta , Pascal Mariona , Vilella Anna , Trilla Antoni , Palou Eduard , Revuelta Ignacio , Juan Manel , Campistol Josep M. , Oppenheimer Frederic , Moreno Asunción , Miró Josep M. , Bayés Beatriu , Diekmann Fritz 
Published: October 2022

Background.
In kidney transplant recipients, there is discordance between the development of cellular and humoral response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. We sought to determine the interplay between the 2 arms of adaptive immunity in a 3-dose course of mRNA-1273 100 μg vaccine.

Methods.
Humoral (IgG/IgM) and cellular (N- and S-ELISpot) responses were studied in 117 kidney and 12 kidney-pancreas transplant recipients at the following time points: before the first dose, 14 d after the second dose‚ and before and after the third dose, with a median of 203 and 232 d after the start of the vaccination cycle, respectively.

Results.
After the second dose, 26.7% of naive cases experienced seroconversion. Before the third dose and in the absence of COVID-19, this percentage increased to 61.9%. After the third dose, seroconversion occurred in 80.0% of patients. Naive patients who had at any time point a detectable positivity for S-ELISpot were 75.2% of the population, whereas patients who maintained S-ELISpot positivity throughout the study were 34.3%. S-ELISpot positivity at 42 d was associated with final seroconversion (odds ratio‚ 3.14; 95% confidence interval‚ 1.10-8.96; P = 0.032). Final IgG titer was significantly higher in patients with constant S-ELISpot positivity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
A substantial proportion of kidney transplant recipients developed late seroconversion after 2 doses. Cellular immunity was associated with the development of a stronger humoral response.
Predicting the outcomes of Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: a cohort study
Authors: Qi Qiao , Wang Yanfu , Wu Qijun , Su Pengjun , Wang Dajia , Li Tianyu , Zhang Zhibo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify factors associated with outcomes of Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE), and predictors of 2- and 5- year native liver survival (NLS) for infants achieved jaundice clearance (JC) within 6 months of KPE.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted on 151 patients with type III biliary atresia (BA) who underwent KPE at our center. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with NLS in infants achieved JC. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to estimate the NLS, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model identified variables most associated with 2- and 5-year NLS at 6 months post-KPE. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of these factors.ResultsThe 2- and 5-year NLS of infants achieved JC at 3 months post-KPE were not different from those achieved JC earlier. Operation age and total bile acid (TBA) were factors associated with JC. For infants who have achieved JC, DB was the only factor associated with 2-year NLS, the AUC was 0.872, the cutoff value was 14 μmol/L; ALB and DB were factors associated with 5-year NLS, the AUCs were 0.894 and 0.95, and the cutoff values were 39 g/L and 14 μmol/L, respectively.ConclusionsNLS should be estimated at 6 months post-KPE. Preoperative factors are not predictive of NLS. For infants cleared jaundice, DB and ALB can predict NLS with good performance.What’s Known on This SubjectAge, liver stiffness, and CMV infections are factors associated with outcomes of Kasai portoenterostomy. Jaundice clearance is directly associated with native liver survival; however, even with successful surgery, liver pathology in most cases will progress to end-stage cirrhosis.What This Study AddsNo preoperative factors are predictive of native liver survival (NLS). Infants cleared jaundice after 3 months of KPE can achieve the same NLS as those cleared jaundice earlier. For infants cleared jaundice, 6-month postoperative DB and Albumin are predictive of NLS.How this study might affect research, practice or policyIn this study, we argued that 6 months post-KPE was the appropriate timing for predicting NLS; direct bilirubin (DB) and albumin (ALB) at 6 months post-KPE can be used to predict 2- and 5-year NLS with good performance.Article SummaryRetrospective analysis revealed it’s difficult to predict outcomes of Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) preoperatively; jaundice clearance should be evaluated at 6 months after KPE, for infants cleared jaundice, 6-month postoperative DB and Albumin are predictive of NLS.
Z-REX: Shepherding Reactive Electrophiles to Specific Proteins Expressed either Tissue-Specifically or Ubiquitously, and Recording the Resultant Functional Electrophile-Induced Redox Responses in Larval Fish
Authors: Huang Kuan-Ting , Poganik Jesse R. , Parvez Saba , Raja Sruthi , Miller Brian , Long Marcus J. C. , Fetcho Joseph R. , Aye Yimon 
Published: October 2022

Summary of the Protocol ExtensionThis Protocol Extension describes the adaptation of an existing Nature Protocol detailing the use of T-REX (targetable reactive electrophiles and oxidants)—an on-demand redox targeting toolset in cultured cells. The adaptation described here is for use of REX technologies in live zebrafish embryos (Z-REX). Zebrafish embryos expressing a Halo-tagged protein of interest (POI)—either ubiquitously or tissue-specifically—are treated with a HaloTag-specific small-molecule probe housing a photocaged reactive electrophile (either natural electrophiles or synthetic electrophilic drug-like fragments). The reactive electrophile is then photouncaged at a user-defined time, enabling proximity-assisted electrophile-modification of a POI. Functional and phenotypic ramifications of POI-specific modification can then be monitored, by coupling to standard downstream assays, such as, Click chemistry-based POI-labeling and target-occupancy quantification; immunofluorescence or live imaging; RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses of downstream-transcript modulations. Transient expression of requisite Halo-POI in zebrafish embryos is achieved by mRNA injection. Procedures associated with generation of transgenic zebrafish expressing a tissue-specific Halo-POI are also described. The Z-REX experiments can be completed in <1-week using standard techniques. To successfully execute Z-REX, researchers should have basic skills in fish husbandry, imaging, and pathway analysis. Experience with protein or proteome manipulation is useful. This protocol extension is aimed at helping chemical biologists study precision redox events in a model organism and fish biologists perform redox chemical biology.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariant by a booster dose of bivalent adjuvanted subunit vaccine containing Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and BA.1 subvariants
Authors: Kuo Tsun-Yung , Lien Chia En , Lin Yi-Jiun , Lin Meei-Yun , Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Wu Chung-Chin , Tang Wei-Hsuan , Chen Charles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe dominance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC), such as the Omicron subvariants, is a threat to the current vaccination scheme due to increased resistance to immune neutralization and greater transmissibility. To develop the next generation of prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-2P) subunit vaccine adjuvanted with CpG1018 and aluminum hydroxide, mice immunized with two doses of the adjuvanted ancestral Wuhan strain (W) followed by the third dose of the W or Omicron variants (BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5) S-2P, or a combination of the above bivalent S-2Ps. Antisera from mice were tested against pseudovirus neutralization assay of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariant. Boosting with bivalent mixture of Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and W S-2P achieved the highest neutralizing antibody titers against BA.4/BA.5 subvariant pseudovirus compared to other types of S-2P as boosters.
Mitofusin-2 in nucleus accumbens D2-MSNs regulates social dominance and neuronal function
Authors: Ghosal Sriparna , Gebara Elias , Ramos-Fernández Eva , Chioino Alessandro , Grosse Jocelyn , Schneider Bernard , Zorzano Antonio , Astori Simone , Sandi Carmen 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a brain hub regulating motivated behaviors, including social competitiveness. Mitochondrial function in the NAc is critically implicated in the association between anxiety and social competitiveness, and the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in NAc neurons has been shown to regulate anxiety-related behaviors. However, it remains unexplored whether accumbal Mfn2 levels also affect social behavior and whether Mfn2 actions in the emotional and social domain are driven by distinct cell types. Here, we found that subordinate-prone highly anxious rats show reduced accumbal Mfn2 levels and that Mfn2 overexpression promotes dominant behavior. In mice, selective Mfn2 downregulation in NAc dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) induced social subordination, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial function and decreased neuronal excitability. Instead, D1-MSN-targeted Mfn2 downregulation affected competitive ability only transiently mainly by increases in anxiety-like behaviors. Our results assign dissociable cell-type specific roles to Mfn2 in the NAc in modulating social dominance and anxiety.