bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections Associated With Left Ventricular Assist Devices in 3 Patients
Authors: Singh Manavotam , Krishnan Mrinalini , Ruiz Maria Elena , Sheikh Farooq H. 
Published: July 2022

Durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) provide circulatory support in patients with end-stage heart failure; however, complications include infection of the driveline exit site. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are rare in patients with LVADs, but they should be considered in those who have undergone device exchanges and have bacterial infections with driveline exit-site discharge but no fever or leukocytosis.
We reviewed the charts of patients who had an LVAD implanted at our institution from January 2009 through December 2019, to identify those with a device-related nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Collected data included patient demographics, premorbid conditions, infection type, previous device complications, treatment, and outcomes. We identified infections in 3 patients (mean age, 41 yr): Mycobacterium abscessus in 2 and M. chimaera in 1. All had a HeartMate II device and had undergone device exchanges for pump thrombosis or for driveline fault or infections. All presented with driveline exit-site discharge without fever or leukocytosis. The mean time between initial device implantation and diagnosis of a nontuberculous mycobacterial infection was 55 months. All 3 patients were treated with antibiotics and underwent localized surgical débridement; one underwent an additional device exchange. The M. abscessus infections disseminated, and both patients died; the patient with M. chimaera infection continued to take suppressive antibiotics.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, warranting prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Capital Transformation in the Ethnic Restaurant Brand in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to examine the capital form and transformation in ethnic restaurant brands in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Bourdieu’s concept of forms of capital was used to appraise cultural production in six ethnic restaurant brands, including Kim Teng, Ayam Penyet Pemuda Semarang, Bare Solok, Sultan Resto, Pondok Patin, and Koki Sunda. Direct observations and in-depth ethnographic interviews with restaurant owners were conducted. The results revealed that the forms of capital in ethnic restaurant brands are closely related to ethnicity and the restaurant industry forms a culture of production. Moreover, the six restaurants produce four different aspects of cultural production, including community, identity, culture and history, and partnership. Their transformation forms economic capital as the restaurants were established for financial benefits. Hence, it can be inferred that economic capital needs to be supported by symbolic, social, and cultural capital for financial benefits.
On the degree of restrictions of q-valued logic vector functions to linear manifolds
Authors: Ryabov Vladimir G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We obtain estimates for the probability that for a randomly selected k-dimensional n-place q-valued logic vector function there exists a linear manifold of fixed dimension such that the degree of the restriction of the function to this manifold is not larger than the given value. The asymptotics of the number of manifolds on which the restrictions are affine is obtained. It is shown that if n → ∞ and k ≤ n/q, then for almost all k-dimensional n-place vector functions the maximum dimension of a manifold on which the restriction is affine lies in the interval

[
⌊

log
q

n
k

+

log
q

log
q

n
k

⌋
,
⌈

log
q

n
k

+

log
q

log
q

n
k

⌉
]

$ [\lfloor \log_q \frac{n}{k}+\log_q \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rfloor, \lceil \log_q \frac{n}{k}+\log_q \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rceil] $

, while the analogous parameter for the case of fixed variables lies in the range

[
⌊

log
q

n
k

⌋
,
⌈

log
q

n
k

⌉
]

$ [\lfloor \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rfloor, \lceil \log_q \frac{n}{k} \rceil] $

.
The limited deficit method and the problem of constructing orthomorphisms and almost orthomorphisms of Abelian groups
Authors: Menyachikhin Andrey V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe limited deficit method is described, which allows constructing new orthomorphisms (almost orthomorphisms) of groups with the use of those already known. A class of transformations is described under which the set of all orthomorphisms (almost orthomorphisms) remains invariant. It is conjectured that the set of all orthomorphisms (almost orthomorphisms) is generated by transformations implemented by the limited deficit method. This conjecture is verified for all Abelian groups of order at most 12. The spectral-linear method and the spectral-differential method of design of permutations over the additive group of the field 𝔽2m(m= 4, …, 8) are used to construct orthomorphisms with sufficiently high values of the most important cryptographic parameters.
A method of construction of differentially 4-uniform permutations overVmfor evenm
Authors: Davydov Stepan A. , Kruglov Igor A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA generalization of the method of C. Carlet for constructing differentially 4-uniform permutations of binary vector spaces in even dimension 2kis suggested. It consists in restricting APN-functions in 2k+1 variables to a linear manifold of dimension 2k. The general construction of the method is proposed and a criterion for its applicability is established. Power permutations to which this construction is applicable are completely described and a class of suitable not one-to-one functions is presented.
Approximation of restrictions of q-valued logic functions to linear manifolds by affine analogues
Authors: Ryabov Vladimir G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For a finite q-element field F

q
, we established a relation between parameters characterizing the measure of affine approximation of a q-valued logic function and similar parameters for its restrictions to linear manifolds. For q > 2, an analogue of the Parseval identity with respect to these parameters is proved, which implies the meaningful upper estimates q

n−1(q − 1) − q

n/2−1 and q

r−1(q − 1) − q

r/2−1, for the nonlinearity of an n-place q-valued logic function and of its restrictions to manifolds of dimension r. Estimates characterizing the distribution of nonlinearity on manifolds of fixed dimension are obtained.
Multiaffine polynomials over a finite field
Authors: Selezneva Svetlana N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider polynomials f(x
1, …, xn
) over a finite field that possess the following property: for some element b of the field the set of solutions of the equation f(x
1, …, xn
) = b coincides with the set of solutions of some system of linear equations over this field. Such polynomials are said to be multiaffine with respect to the right-hand side b. We obtain the properties of multiaffine polynomials over a finite field. Then we show that checking the multiaffinity with respect to a given right-hand side may be done by an algorithm with polynomial (in terms of the number of variables and summands of the input polynomial) complexity. Besides that, we prove that in case of the positive decision a corresponding system of linear equations may be recovered with complexity which is also polynomial in terms of the same parameters.
Large deviations of branching process in a random environment. II
Authors: Shklyaev Aleksandr V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider the probabilities of large deviations for the branching process Zn
in a random environment, which is formed by independent identically distributed variables. It is assumed that the associated random walk Sn
= ξ
1 + … + ξn
has a finite mean μ and satisfies the Cramér condition E
ehξi

< ∞, 0 < h < h
+. Under additional moment constraints on Z
1, the exact asymptotic of the probabilities P (ln Zn
∈ [x, x + Δn
)) is found for the values x/n varying in the range depending on the type of process, and for all sequences Δn
that tend to zero sufficiently slowly as n → ∞. A similar theorem is proved for a random process in a random environment with immigration.
Assessment of tramadol pharmacokinetics in correlation with CYP2D6 and clinical symptoms
Authors: Ahmadimanesh Mahnaz , Naeini Mehri Bemani , Rouini Mohammad-Reza , Shadnia Shahin , Ghazi-Khansari Mahmoud 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Due to lack of adequate data on tramadol kinetic in relevance of CYP2D6 toxicity, this study was designed to investigate the effect of CYP2D6 phenotype in tramadol poisoning. The saliva, urine and blood samples were taken at the admission time. Consequently, concentration of tramadol and its major metabolites were measured.

Methods
A pharmacokinetic and metabolic study was developed in cases of tramadol poisoned (n=96). Cases of tramadol poisoned evidenced seizure, hypertension, dizziness, nausea and vomiting symptoms participated.

Results
Female cases showed higher N-desmethyltramadol (M2) tramadol concentrations than male cases: in urine (40.12 ± 124.53 vs. 7.3 ± 7.13), saliva (16.91 ± 26.03 vs. 5.89 ± 7.02), and blood (1.11 ± 1.56 vs. 0.3 ± 0.38) samples. Significant correlation between blood, saliva, and urine concentrations were found (r = 0.5). Based on the metabolic ratio of O-desmethyltramadol (M1) of male (0.53 ± 0.22) and female (0.43 ± 0.26), poisoning and severe symptoms like seizure in female occurs statistically fewer (13.04%) than in male (50.6%). Assessment of CYP2D6 phenotype showed all of the participants were extensive metabolizers (EM) and their phenotype was associated with clinical symptoms.

Conclusions
According to our results, M1 as a high potent metabolite has an important role in toxicity and the likelihood of poisoning in people with EM phenotype. Finally, tramadol metabolic ratio may justify the cause of various symptoms in human tramadol poisoning.
Adansonia digitata L. leaf extract attenuates lead-induced cortical histoarchitectural changes and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex of adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Atuadu Vivian , Benneth Ben-Azu , Oyem John , Esom Emmanuel , Mba Chris , Nebo Kate , Ezemeka Godswill , Anibeze Chike 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Adansonia digitata L. is popularly known for the management of various neurological diseases in ethno-medicine. Studies have shown that lead toxicity is a possible risk factor for early onset of neurodegenerative disease. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. digitata aqueous leaf extract (ADALE) against lead-induced oxidative stress and histo-architectural changes in the prefrontal cortex of adult Wistar rats.

Methods
Saline (10 mL/kg), ADALE (500 and 1000 mg/kg) and EDTA (55 mg/kg) were pretreated orally 30 min prior to lead acetate (LA) (120 mg/kg) administration to male Wistar rats (n=7) for 21 days. Thereafter, standard biochemical (superoxide dismutate, catalase, glutathionxe and malondialdehyde), histological (H&E) and histochemical assessment (crystyl fast violet stain for nissil substance) were carried out in the prefrontal cortex.

Results
ADALE significantly (p<0.05) reversed LA-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and oxidized glutathione levels, and decreased malondialdehyde concentration in the prefrontal cortex. Also, the increase chromatolysis and neuronal pyknosis of the pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex were significantly attenuated by ADALE.

Conclusions
The result of this study showed that A. digitata aqueous leaf extract attenuated lead acetate-induced cortical neurodegeneration via inhibition of oxidative stress.
Herbal preparations in the management of hypothyroidism in Unani medicine
Authors: Alam Md Anzar , Quamri Mohd Aleemuddin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affects women more frequently, and incidence increases with age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4–5%, whereas, in India, it is about 11%. The common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, change in voice, and dry skin. It can affect all systems of the body. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical history and laboratory investigations. Untreated hypothyroidism increases morbidity and mortality. In conventional medicine, the treatment of choice is Levothyroxine, whereas in Unani System of Medicine, pharmacotherapy consists of single and compound drugs. Single drugs are selected as per the constitution (Mizaj) of drugs as opposed to the abnormal constitution (Su-e-Mizaj) of disease and its pathology. Some drugs increase the basal metabolic rate whereas some evacuate the morbid material from the body by the action of purgation. The drugs are used either in a single form or as a prescription of more than one drug in the form of decoction (Joshandah), infusion (Kheshandah), or powder (Safoof). This review aims at providing comprehensive information regarding various drugs used in Unani system of medicine that is used in the management of thyroid dysfunction.
Spinal and general anesthesia produces differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in orthopedic patients
Authors: Aremu Peter A. , Ajayi Abayomi M. , Ben-Azu Benneth , Orewole Olayinka T. , Umukoro Solomon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The contribution of anesthetic procedure to surgical stress and postoperative complications has been attributed to increased oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in patients with general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) that underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in orthopedic surgery at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria were investigated.

Methods
Forty patients were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 20) namely GA and SA. Blood samples were collected before and after surgery for estimation of glucose, oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione, catalase and nitrile) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6) levels.

Results
The post-operative blood glucose level was higher than the pre-operative value (p<0.5) in the two groups. There were significant (p<0.05) changes in MDA concentration and catalase activity in patients with GA in the post-operative stage relative to preoperative phase. There were no significant differences in glutathione, nitrite and interleukin-6 contents between the two groups. The patients with SA had higher levels of TNF-α in the post-operative stage.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that anesthesia has differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in patients with ORIF orthopedic surgery.
Ascorbic acid improves extrapyramidal syndromes and corpus striatal degeneration induced by dopamine-2 receptor inhibition in Wistar rats
Authors: Mujittapha Sirajo U. , Kauthar Murtala , Azeez Ishola O. , Oyem John C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The prolonged uses of fourth-generation antipsychotics have been implicated in inducing extrapyramidal syndromes characterized by the motor deficit. This was attributed to the loss of dopamine-2 receptor (D2R) signaling. However, ascorbic acid (SVCT2R stimulation) in the brain is proposed to modulate D2R activity. We, therefore, investigated the beneficial roles of ascorbic acid in improving the extrapyramidal symptoms seen in D2R loss.

Methods
Twenty adult male Wistar rats of average weight 200 g were distributed randomly into four groups. The control (NS) received normal saline for 28 days, Untreated D2R inhibition group (−D2R) received normal saline for seven days and then subsequently received chlorpromazine for 21 days, D2R inhibition group treated with ascorbic acid (−D2R+SVCT2R) received chlorpromazine for 21 days and was subsequently treated with ascorbate for seven days while the withdrawal group (WG) received chlorpromazine for 21 days and subsequently received normal saline for seven days. Motor deficits were assessed using a rotarod and cylinder test. The corpus striatum was harvested, processed, and stained using H&E and Nissl stains. Cellular density was analyzed using Image J software 1.8.0.

Results
Motor deficit was observed in −D2R animals administered chlorpromazine with less improvement in WG compared to control (p<0.05) in both rotarod and cylinder test. Ascorbic acid (SVCT2R stimulation) significantly (p<0.001) improved the latency of fall and climbing attempts observed in −D2R animals. The density of basophilic trigoid bodies was significantly (p<0.001) restored in −D2R+SVCT2R group, suggesting recovery of neural activity in the corpus striatum. Moreover, the hallmarks of neuronal degeneration were less expressed in the ascorbic acid treatment groups.

Conclusions
Ascorbic acid putatively ameliorates extrapyramidal symptoms observed in D2R blockage by chlorpromazine in Wistar rats.
Immunogenicity of antitumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Mahmoud Ines , Rouached Leila , Ben Tekaya Aicha , Saidane Olfa , Bouden Selma , Jradi Saoussen , Sfar Imen , Tekaya Rawdha , Ben Abdelghani Kawther , Lakhoua Gorgi Yousr , Abdelmoula Leila 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the serum dosage of the biomedicine (DBM) and the incidence of antidrug antibody (ADA) against antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) in spondyloarthritis, and to demonstrate the influence of these parameters on the clinical efficiency.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional multicentric study including patients with spondylarthritis (SpA) under antiTNF (infliximab [INF], etanercept [ETA] and adalimumab [ADL]) for at least 6 months. A dosage of the ADA and DBM were practiced by the immuno-enzymatic essay.

Result
Seventy one patients were recruited. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were associated with anti-TNF in 30%. ADA was positive in 54% for INF, 33% for ADL and 0% for ETA with a significant difference(p<0.0001). Immunogenicity was correlated to a bad therapeutic response (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI]≥4)(p=0.04). The DBM was inversely correlated with the rate of ADA for patients treated with INF(p<0.0001) and ADL(p<0.0001). The DBM was also inversely correlated with BASDAI of INF(p=0.03) and ADL (p=0.01). ADA was significantly associated with an anterior switch of anti TNF(p=0.04), the use of INF(p=0.002), presence of coxitis(p=0.01) and higher body mass index (BMI)(p=0.007). DMARDs associated with anti TNF were not a protective factor for positive ADA. In a multivariate study, only INF and BMI were independent factors of positive ADA.

Conclusion
The ADA formation lowered the DBM and favored the therapeutic failure.
Clinical efficacy ofMajoon FalasfaandRoghan-e-Surkhin post-stroke-disability: an open labeled, pre-post analysis
Authors: Ahmad Izhar , Ahmad Tanzeel , Aleemuddin Quamri Mohd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesStroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. The estimated adjusted prevalence rate of stroke range, 84–262/100,000 in rural and 334–424/100,000 in urban areas. A deficit in motor function affects mobility, daily activity of life. Rehabilitation is the most useful method to reduce deficit motor function. Hemiplegia (Falij),is one of the most common disability resulting from stroke has been described by Unani physicians, and they treat the disease effectively on the principle ofTanqia(evacuation) andTadeel(alterative). Hence, a study contemplated to determine the effectiveness ofMajoon Falasfa(MF)and Roghan-e-Surkh(RS) in post-stroke disability.MethodsThis trail was an open labeled, pre-post analysis, carried out at the National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), on thirty (n=30) subjects of both genders, with post-stroke disability, and given MF 6 g orally with water in the morning and evening on empty stomach daily along with massage of 15 mL RS on the affected part once a day for 45 days with three follow up fortnightly (i.e. 15th, 30th, and 45th day). Patients were assessed on each follow up based on Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Pre- and post-treatment values of the scale were analyzed statistically using Student’s ‘t’ test and paired Proportion test.ResultsThe treatment difference as pre-post values determine with Barthel Index was found statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Safety parameters found within the normal range.ConclusionsFinding of this trial recommended that both Unani formulations are effective in the management of post-stroke disability, and it can be used to decrease the dependency and boost the quality of life of the patients. No adverse effect was noted during the treatment of test formulations.
Das Recht der Angst
Authors: Klein Rebekka A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Insofar as the purpose of modern law is to secure the freedom of the individual, meaning that modern law is thus a right of freedom, the question arises as to how this right of freedom relates to fear. The article first refers to the narrative of religion as a regime of fear, which is historically related to the narrative of peace through law. After analysing the religious technique of increasing and escalating the irrational and derailing moment of fear (by referring to Søren Kierkegaard and Rudolf Otto), it contrasts the religious regime of fear with the modern regime of fear in the form of law and interprets the latter as an order of immunization against fear, i.e., as a technique of securing domination by ‘taking in the hostile other’ at the price of its division (Isabell Lorey). In this perspective, law appears as a secularized version of the religiously driven escalation of fear; within the framework of a secular order of immanence it seeks to immobilize the relationship to the indeterminate and extraordinary as cultivated by fear in its abysmal nature. Consequently, fear returns to the realm of religion and superstition assigned to it in enlightened modernity. But, disturbingly, in pandemic society it continues to haunt the belief in the reality-assuring power of the normative legal order in the form of the intensifying fear of the ‘enemy in the body’.
Volatile terpene extraction of spruce, fir and maritime pine wood: supercritical CO2 extraction compared to classical solvent extractions and steam distillation
Authors: Bertaud Frédérique , Crampon Christelle , Badens Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the potential recovery rate of volatile terpenes from pulp mills, different extraction methods were performed on fir, spruce and maritime pine, and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectroscopy (GC-FID/MS). The results obtained by traditional solvent extraction in the Soxhlet and the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)® apparatus were compared with those of steam distillation technology (Clevenger), and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction was also tested as an interesting alternative to extraction with liquid organic solvents. ASE®-Dionex applied on freeze-dried samples with successive extraction with n-hexane and acetone/water (95/5) was not suitable for volatile compounds. Steam distillation applied on fresh and ground samples was very specific of volatiles, but did not allow complete extraction. Soxhlet extraction performed on fresh and ground samples with successive application of acetone and acetone/cyclohexane (1/9) gave the most representative quantification of ground wood chips, together for volatile terpenes, resins and fatty-acid-type compounds. SC-CO2 [20 and 30 MPa, 60°C modified by 5% ethanol (EtOH)] is able to extract most of the terpenes, terpenoids and fatty-acid-type compounds, but the extraction rates of volatiles were very limited because of a pre-drying step (freeze-drying and crushing). Other lipophilic extractives were also recovered to a lesser extent.