bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Scales Between Twin Level and Component Level Models of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Courant Robert , Maas Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article establishes a connection between twin level and component level models of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA). Their magneto-mechanical behavior is characterized by the reorientation of martensitic variants along twin boundaries to minimize the energy with respect to the applied mechanical and magnetic loads. This reorientation is impaired by the dissipative nature of the so-called twinning stress, which results in a hysteretic behavior. For individual twin domains, the hysteresis can be directly described using meaningful inequalities. On component level, phenomenological hysteresis models are typically used, which can be more easily integrated in control schemes. This paper shows the conversion of the twinning stress distribution on twin level into the Everett-function for a generic Preisach-type phenomenological model describing the component level and vice versa. The proposed bidirectional approach bridges the different model scales for mechanical and magnetic loads by combining their corresponding parameters. The parameter conversion is validated using a numerical model on twin level that fully implements the switching domains.
Economic evaluation of FLOT and ECF/ECX perioperative chemotherapy in patients with resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Hanqing , Wang Chunjiang , Song Li-Ying , Jia Su-Jie , Zeng Xiaohui , Liu Qiao 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin plus docetaxel (FLOT) was recommended by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for gastric cancer (2018 edition) for patients with resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (class IIA). However, the economic impact of FLOT chemotherapy in China remains unclear. The analysis aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of FLOT versus epirubicin, cisplatin plus fluorouracil or capecitabine (ECF/ECX) in patients with locally advanced resectable tumours.DesignWe developed a Markov model to compare the healthcare and economic outcomes of FLOT and ECF/ECX in patients with resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Costs were estimated from the perspective of Chinese healthcare system. Clinical and utility inputs were derived from the FLOT4 phase II/III clinical trial and published literature. Sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the robustness of our result. The annual discount rate for costs and health outcomes was set at 5%.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) was calculated as the cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).ResultsThe base-case analysis found that compared with ECF/ECX, the use of FLOT chemotherapy was associated with an additional 1.08 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of US$851/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis results suggested that the HR of overall survival and progression-free survival had the greatest impact on the ICER. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that FLOT was more likely to be cost-effective compared with ECF/ECX at a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$31 513/QALY.ConclusionsFor patients with locally advanced resectable tumours, the FLOT chemotherapy is a cost-effective treatment option compared with ECF/ECX in China.Trial registration numberNCT01216644.
Study protocol of the PROUD48 study comparing the effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on ApoB-48 in statin-treated patients with dyslipidaemia: a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel group trial in Japan
Authors: Takeda Yasutaka , Sakuma Ichiro , Hiramitsu Shinya , Okada Mizuho , Ueda Shinichiro , Sakurai Masaru 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThis study will compare the lowering effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on fasting apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48), a surrogate marker reflecting postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, which is a residual risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with statin treatment.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel group, comparative trial. Adult Japanese patients with dyslipidaemia receiving statin treatment for more than 4 weeks with a fasting triglyceride level ≥177 mg/dL will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive pemafibrate (0.4 mg orally per day) or omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (4 g orally per day) for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint is the percentage change in fasting apoB-48 from baseline to 16 weeks. The key secondary endpoints include the change in fasting apoB-48 from baseline to 16 weeks, the percentage changes in clinical variables from baseline to 16 weeks and the incidence of adverse events. A total sample size of 128 was set by considering the increased drop-out rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to estimation based on a two-sided alpha of 0.05 and a power of 0.8 for apoB-48.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Certified Review Board of the University of the Ryukyus for Clinical Research Ethics (No. CRB7200001) and will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of the study will be disseminated through publications and conference presentations to participants, healthcare professionals and the public.Trial registration numberjRCTs071200011.
Slow change since the Little Ice Age at a far northern glacier with the potential for system reorganization: Thores Glacier, northern Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Kochtitzky Will , Copland Luke , Wohlleben Trudy , Iqaluk Pilipoosie , Girard Catherine , Vincent Warwick F. , Culley Alexander I. 
Published: November 2022

Relatively little is known about the glaciers of northern Ellesmere Island, Canada. Here we describe the first field and remote sensing observations of Thores Glacier, located 50 km inland from the Arctic Ocean. The glacier is slow-moving, with maximum velocities of 26 m a−1 and a maximum observed thickness of 360 ± 4.3 m. There has been little change in terminus position since at least 1959, with a maximum advance of 170 m at the northwest terminus ending on land and retreat up to 130 m at the southeast terminus ending in Thores Lake. There is little evidence for change since the Little Ice Age as bedrock weathering patterns suggest retreat of no more than 20–30 m around most of the glacier margin. The supraglacial drainage network is generally poorly developed, without moulins and with few crevasses, and therefore no evidence of water reaching the glacier bed. This is supported by one-dimensional modelling, which suggests current basal temperatures of −7.0 °C to −12.0 °C along the centerline. Thores Glacier currently dams Thores Lake, which causes drainage to flow to the southeast. However, if the glacier thins or retreats sufficiently, regional drainage will reverse and flow to the north, and Thores Lake would no longer exist.
Energy reconstruction for large liquid scintillator detectors with machine learning techniques: aggregated features approach
Authors: Gavrikov Arsenii , Malyshkin Yury , Ratnikov Fedor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge-scale detectors consisting of a liquid scintillator target surrounded by an array of photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in the modern neutrino experiments: Borexino, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the upcoming JUNO with its satellite detector TAO. Such apparatuses are able to measure neutrino energy which can be derived from the amount of light and its spatial and temporal distribution over PMT channels. However, achieving a fine energy resolution in large-scale detectors is challenging. In this work, we present machine learning methods for energy reconstruction in the JUNO detector, the most advanced of its type. We focus on positron events in the energy range of 0–10 MeV which corresponds to the main signal in JUNO – neutrinos originated from nuclear reactor cores and detected via the inverse beta decay channel. We consider the following models: Boosted Decision Trees and Fully Connected Deep Neural Network, trained on aggregated features, calculated using the information collected by PMTs. We describe the details of our feature engineering procedure and show that machine learning models can provide the energy resolution $$\sigma = 3\%$$

σ
=
3
%

at 1 MeV using subsets of engineered features. The dataset for model training and testing is generated by the Monte Carlo method with the official JUNO software.
On the expected performance of the SORGENTINA-RF fusion neutron source
Authors: Fonnesu Nicola , Scaglione Salvatore , Spassovsky Ivan Panov , Zito Pietro , Pietropaolo Antonino ,   The SRF Collaboration, Agostini Pietro , Angiolini Massimo , Alberghi Ciro , Candido Luigi , Capogni Marco , Capone Mauro , Cataldo Sebastiano , Contessa Gian Marco , D’Annibale Francesco , D’Arienzo Marco , Del Dotto Alessio , Diamanti Dario , Dongiovanni Danilo , Farini Mirko , Ferrari Paolo , Fiore Angela , Flammini Davide , Frisoni Manuela , Gadani Gianni , Gentili Angelo , Grasso Giacomo , Guardati Manuela , Guidoni David , Lamberti Marco , Lepore Luigi , Mancini Andrea , Mariani Andrea , Marinari Ranieri , Marzo Giuseppe A. , Mastroianni Bruno , Moro Fabio , Orefice Agostina , Orsetti Valerio , Pinna Tonio , Rizzo Antonietta , Rydzy Alexander , Salvi Stefano , Santoli Demis , Santucci Alessia , Saraceno Luca , Sartorio Camillo , Sermenghi Valerio , Serra Emanuele , Simonetti Andrea , Terranova Nicholas , Tosti Silvano , Ubaldini Alberto , Utili Marco , Voukelatou Konstantina , Zola Danilo , Zummo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA study devoted to assessing the neutronic performance of the SORGENTINA-RF fusion neutron source is here presented. The calculation is performed considering the characteristics of the accelerated mixed deuterium/tritium ion beam from the ion source, the transport of ions into the titanium layer that constitutes the ion beam target, their implantation and the fusion reaction cross section. An investigation has been done by varying the ion composition of the beam in order to assess if and to what extent diatomic and triatomic ion species affect the neutron emission rate of the plant. This calculation is also instrumental to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of equipping the ion source with a filtering system to remove secondary ions from the beam.
Metrology with synchrotron radiation at PTB
Authors: Gottwald Alexander , Krumrey Michael , Scholze Frank , Richter Mathias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is the national metrology institute of the Federal Republic of Germany and has been using synchrotron radiation (SR) for more than 40 years. Starting at the former facility BESSY I, the storage ring BESSY II (see corresponding article in this volume) has been used for this purpose since 1998, especially in the X-ray range, as well as PTB's own metrology light source (MLS) for lower photon energies since 2008. Both facilities are located in Berlin-Adlershof and are operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin within the framework of contractual agreements with PTB. The basic motivation of the work is radiometry. The two storage rings MLS and BESSY II are used as primary source standards and cryogenic radiometers as primary detector standards. The article gives a brief overview of the present status, scientific highlights, the technological development and upgrade plans for the decade 2023–2033 as well as a perspective of next scientific challenges.
Helping Each Other Quit Online: Understanding User Engagement and Real-life Outcomes of the r/StopSmoking Digital Smoking Cessation Community
Authors: De Santo Alessio , Moro Arielle , Kocher Bruno , Holzer Adrian 
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of prevention, tobacco addiction is still a widespread health concern responsible for around 8 million deaths per year. Existing digital smoking cessation solutions such as social media are becoming increasingly popular and represent a novel approach to find community support. However, little is known about how they affect smoking behavior. This research aims to understand what motivates people to join online communities and how their participation affects their attitudes and behaviors. To do so, this article conducts an in-depth analysis of the popular Reddit r/StopSmoking thread through three complementary studies. Using the transtheoretical model and the uses and gratification theory, Study 1 aims at understanding the link among motivation factors, engagement, and outcomes through a user survey. Study 2 aims at understanding the engagement by analyzing the content of 10 years of user interaction data. Study 3 attempts to gain further knowledge of interactions by examining the reaction of the community to a crisis situation such as that of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Findings convey the fact that participation in such communities has a favorable impact on the change process toward quitting. Results show that providing social support to others is the biggest contributing factor for participating in the community. User interactions analysis confirmed that survey responses were accurate reflections of actual user activity. Regarding the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, results suggest that it increased levels of stress and depression in the community while decreasing active engagement, indicating that there may be opportunities for improvement in dealing with tough situations.
OncoLoop: A Network-Based Precision Cancer Medicine Framework
Authors: Vasciaveo Alessandro , Arriaga Juan Martín , de Almeida Francisca Nunes , Zou Min , Douglass Eugene F. , Picech Florencia , Shibata Maho , Rodriguez-Calero Antonio , de Brot Simone , Mitrofanova Antonina , Chua Chee Wai , Karan Charles , Realubit Ronald , Pampou Sergey , Kim Jaime Y. , Afari Stephanie N. , Mukhammadov Timur , Zanella Luca , Corey Eva , Alvarez Mariano J. , Rubin Mark A. , Shen Michael M. , Califano Andrea , Abate-Shen Cory 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Prioritizing treatments for individual patients with cancer remains challenging, and performing coclinical studies using patient-derived models in real time is often unfeasible. To circumvent these challenges, we introduce OncoLoop, a precision medicine framework that predicts drug sensitivity in human tumors and their preexisting high-fidelity (cognate) model(s) by leveraging drug perturbation profiles. As a proof of concept, we applied OncoLoop to prostate cancer using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) that recapitulate a broad spectrum of disease states, including castration-resistant, metastatic, and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Interrogation of human prostate cancer cohorts by Master Regulator (MR) conservation analysis revealed that most patients with advanced prostate cancer were represented by at least one cognate GEMM-derived tumor (GEMM-DT). Drugs predicted to invert MR activity in patients and their cognate GEMM-DTs were successfully validated in allograft, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of tumors and metastasis. Furthermore, OncoLoop-predicted drugs enhanced the efficacy of clinically relevant drugs, namely, the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab and the AR inhibitor enzalutamide.

Significance:
OncoLoop is a transcriptomic-based experimental and computational framework that can support rapid-turnaround coclinical studies to identify and validate drugs for individual patients, which can then be readily adapted to clinical practice. This framework should be applicable in many cancer contexts for which appropriate models and drug perturbation data are available.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247
Atmospheric Sciences Bachelor’s Degree Recipients: Trends, Early Career Earnings, and Student Debt, 2015–19
Authors: Knox John A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Data on the number and economic status of bachelor’s degree recipients are harder to access for the atmospheric sciences than for other similar fields. The U.S. Department of Education’s College Scorecard provides a new, comprehensive, and annually updated way to obtain these data. Five years of College Scorecard data are analyzed, revealing that from 2015 to 2019 the number of bachelor’s recipients in the United States was at least 700 annually, with a downward trend of about 13% over the period. Institution-specific data allow for a ranking of undergraduate programs by number of bachelor’s recipients that has been impossible to compile since the demise of the American Meteorological Society (AMS)–University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Curricula publication in the mid-2000s. Early career earnings data for federally aided students from larger programs compiled in the College Scorecard indicate that median first-year annual salaries by the end of the 2010s averaged about $35,000, with an increase to $45,000 by the third year. Median debt at graduation during the same period averaged slightly less than $25,000. In the future, College Scorecard data could be used to provide regular updates on atmospheric sciences students, graduates, and early career professionals at all degree levels. The AMS should partner with the American Institute of Physics’ Statistical Research Center to create and disseminate such reports.
The Suicidal Process and the Role of Negative Emotions in Suicidal Behavior: A Phenomenological Study Among the Baganda
Authors: Kanyange Christine Tusaba , Saetnan Ann R. 
Published: November 2022

This article is part of a phenomenological study that aimed at exploring the meanings of Deliberate Self-Harm among the Baganda in Uganda. It describes the suicidal process and the role of negative emotions among the Baganda involved in potentially suicidal self-harm behavior. Narrative interviews were conducted with 18 respondents (5 males and 13 females) aged 18–75 years who had engaged in self-harm. A case by case analysis was done using descriptive phenomenological method. The details of the narratives are described using the “suicidal process approach” proposed by van Heeringens. Comparing the narratives, we observed that most individuals found themselves unable to manage their negative emotions and for some, this situation persisted through multiple episodes. Hence, one of the suicide prevention strategy is to emphasize emotional regulation skills like self-awareness, being mindful and self-compassion in all forms of psychotherapy intervention at all levels.
Can the Fenestrated Anaconda™ salvage failed competitor endografts? An international frame of reference
Authors: Jubouri Matti , Surkhi Abdelaziz O. , Tan Sven Z.C.P. , Bailey Damian M. , Williams Ian M. , Bashir Mohamad 
Published: November 2022

Introduction An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening abnormal dilation of the abdominal aorta that can be repaired either endovascularly or with open surgery. However, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the main treatment modality for AAA due to its more optimal results. EVAR devices can either be standard, fenestrated, or branched, with fenestrated EVAR (FEVAR) seemingly achieving superior prospects. Although EVAR is associated with excellent outcomes, it still carries a risk of certain complications requiring reintervention or ‘rescue’. Several commercial EVAR devices are available on the global market, nevertheless, the Fenestrated Anaconda developed by Terumo Aortic can be considered the superior device due to the wide range of endovascular solutions that it offers along with its unique custom-made approach, excellent results and its highly promising potential to be used as a ‘rescue’ device for failed competitor endografts. Materials and methods The current study represents a 9-year cross-sectional international analysis of a custom-made Fenestrated Anaconda™ device. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 28 for Windows and R were utilised. Pearson Chi-square analysis was used to assess differences in cumulative distribution frequencies between select variables. Statistical significance for all two-tailed tests was set at p < 0.05. Results Out of 5058 EVARs performed using the Fenestrated Anaconda, 2987 (59%) were ‘rescue’ procedures for migrated Gore ( n = 252) and Medtronic ( n = 2735) devices. The Fenestrated Anaconda™ was indicated as the reintervention device either due to unsuitable/complex anatomy for the competitor ( n = 2411) or based on surgeon preference ( n = 576). Overall, the Fenestrated Anaconda was utilised to rescue 3466 (68.5%) failed previous EVARs using competitor devices. Yet, the primary endovascular solution offered by the Fenestrated Anaconda was FEVAR (91.3%), with 112 (2.2%) devices using custom-made iliac stents. Discussion The use of the Fenestrated Anaconda endograft as a ‘rescue’ device to salvage failed competitor devices is well-established in the literature with excellent clinical outcomes achieved. The evidence in the literature also highlights the distinctive custom-made approach that the Fenestrated Anaconda offers which enables it to treat extremely complex aortic anatomy.
Goals, challenges and strategies for wound and bleeding management in total knee arthroplasty: A modified Delphi method
Authors: Lyons Matthew , Nunley Ryan M , Ahmed Shokri Amran , Doneley Tyson , Han Hyuk-Soo , Harato Kengo , Kuwasawa Ayano , Lee Dae-Hee , Qi Xin , Qian Wenwei , Ratanachai Siripong , Wang Weijun , Po-Han Chen Brian , Danker Walter 
Published: November 2022

Background Surgical techniques related to soft tissue management play critical roles in optimizing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite the importance of wound closure and bleeding management approaches, no published guidelines/consensus are available. Methods Twelve orthopedic surgeons participated in a modified Delphi panel consisting of 2 parts (each part comprising two rounds) from September–October 2018. Questionnaires were developed based on published evidence and guidelines on surgical techniques/materials. Questionnaires were administered via email (Round 1) or at a face-to-face meeting (subsequent rounds). Panelists ranked their agreement with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. Consensus was achieved if ≥70% of panelists selected 4/5, or 1/2. Statements not reaching consensus in Round 1 were discussed and repeated or modified in Round 2. Statements not reaching consensus in Round 2 were excluded from the final consensus framework. Results Consensus was reached on 13 goals of wound management. Panelists agreed on 38 challenges and 71 strategies addressing surgical techniques or wound closure materials for each tissue layer, and management strategies for blood loss reduction or deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in TKA. Statements on closure of capsular and skin layers, wound irrigation, dressings and drains required repeat voting or modification to reach consensus. Conclusion Consensus from Asia-Pacific TKA experts highlights the importance of wound management in optimizing TKA outcomes. The consensus framework provides a basis for future research, guidance to reduce variability in patient outcomes, and can help inform recommendations for wound management in TKA.