bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of tyrosinaemia during nitisinone therapy in alkaptonuria
Authors: Ranganath L. R. , Milan A. M. , Hughes A. T. , Davison A. S. , M Khedr , Norman B. P. , Bou-Gharios G. , Gallagher J. A. , Imrich R. , Arnoux J. B. , Rudebeck M. , Olsson B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNitisinone (NIT) produces inevitable but varying degree of tyrosinaemia. However, the understanding of the dynamic adaptive relationships within the tyrosine catabolic pathway has not been investigated fully. The objective of the study was to assess the contribution of protein intake, serum NIT (sNIT) and tyrosine pathway metabolites to nitisinone-induced tyrosinaemia in alkaptonuria (AKU). Samples of serum and 24-h urine collected during SONIA 2 (Suitability Of Nitisinone In Alkaptonuria 2) at months 3 (V2), 12 (V3), 24 (V4), 36 (V5) and 48 (V6) were included in these analyses. Homogentisic acid (HGA), tyrosine (TYR), phenylalanine (PHE), hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA), hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA) and sNIT were analysed at all time-points in serum and urine. Total body water (TBW) metabolites were derived using 60% body weight. 24-h urine and TBW metabolites were summed to obtain combined values. All statistical analyses were post-hoc. 307 serum and 24-h urine sampling points were analysed. Serum TYR from V2 to V6, ranging from 478 to 1983 µmol/L were stratified (number of sampling points in brackets) into groups < 701 (47), 701–900 (105), 901–1100 (96) and > 1100 (59) µmol/L. The majority of sampling points had values greater than 900 µmol/L. sPHE increased with increasing sTYR (p < 0.001). Tyrosine, HPPA and HPLA in serum and TBW all increased with rising sTYR (p < 0.001), while HPLA/TYR ratio decreased (p < 0.0001). During NIT therapy, adaptive response to minimise TYR formation was demonstrated. Decreased conversion of HPPA to HPLA, relative to TYR, seems to be most influential in determining the degree of tyrosinaemia.
Transformer and group parallel axial attention co-encoder for medical image segmentation
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Wang Liejun , Li Yongming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractU-Net has become baseline standard in the medical image segmentation tasks, but it has limitations in explicitly modeling long-term dependencies. Transformer has the ability to capture long-term relevance through its internal self-attention. However, Transformer is committed to modeling the correlation of all elements, but its awareness of local foreground information is not significant. Since medical images are often presented as regional blocks, local information is equally important. In this paper, we propose the GPA-TUNet by considering local and global information synthetically. Specifically, we propose a new attention mechanism to highlight local foreground information, called group parallel axial attention (GPA). Furthermore, we effectively combine GPA with Transformer in encoder part of model. It can not only highlight the foreground information of samples, but also reduce the negative influence of background information on the segmentation results. Meanwhile, we introduced the sMLP block to improve the global modeling capability of network. Sparse connectivity and weight sharing are well achieved by applying it. Extensive experiments on public datasets confirm the excellent performance of our proposed GPA-TUNet. In particular, on Synapse and ACDC datasets, mean DSC(%) reached 80.37% and 90.37% respectively, mean HD95(mm) reached 20.55 and 1.23 respectively.
DNA walking system integrated with enzymatic cleavage reaction for sensitive surface plasmon resonance detection of miRNA
Authors: Chen Sijia , He Yuhan , Liu Lin , Wang Jianxiu , Yi Xinyao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbnormal expression levels of miRNA are associated with various tumor diseases, for example, glioma tumors are characterized by the up-regulation of miRNA-182. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay for miRNA-182 from glioma patients was performed via DNA walking amplification strategy. The duplex between aminated swing arm DNA (swDNA) and block DNA (blDNA), and aminated track DNA (trDNA) with a biotin tag were tethered on the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified chips. Upon formation of miRNA/blDNA duplex, the SPR signal decreased with the walking process of swDNA, as the biotinylated fragment of trDNA (biotin-TTGGAGT) was detached from the sensor surface caused by the nicking endonuclease Nb.BbvCI. Such a repeated hybridization and cleavage cycle occurred continuously and the detachment of more biotinylated fragments of trDNA from the chips led to the attachment of fewer streptavidin (SA) molecules and then smaller SPR signals. MiRNA-182 with concentrations ranging from 5.0 fM to 1.0 pM could be readily determined and a detection limit of 0.62 fM was achieved. The proposed method was highly selective and possessed remarkable capability for evaluating the expression levels of miRNA-182 in serum samples from healthy donors and glioma patients. The sensing protocol holds great promise for early diagnosis of cancer patients.
Application of an improved naive Bayesian analysis for the identification of air leaks in boreholes in coal mines
Authors: Pan Hong-yu , He Sui-nan , Zhang Tian-jun , Song Shuang , Wang Kang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBorehole extraction is the basic method used for control of gases in coal mines. The quality of borehole sealing determines the effectiveness of gas extraction, and many influential factors result in different types of borehole leaks. To accurately identify the types of leaks from boreholes, characteristic parameters, such as gas concentration, flow rate and negative pressure, were selected, and new indexes were established to identify leaks. A model based on an improved naive Bayes framework was constructed for the first time in this study, and it was applied to analyse and identify boreholes in the 229 working face of the Xiashijie Coal Mine. Eight features related to single hole sealing sections were taken as parameters, and 144 training samples from 18 groups of real-time monitoring time series data and 96 test samples from 12 groups were selected to verify the accuracy and speed of the model. The results showed that the model eliminated strong correlations between the original characteristic parameters, and it successfully identified the leakage conditions and categories of 12 boreholes. The identification rate of the new model was 98.9%, and its response time was 0.0020 s. Compared with the single naive Bayes algorithm model, the identification rate was 31.8% better, and performance was 55% faster. The model developed in this study fills a gap in the use of algorithms to identify types of leaks in boreholes, provides a theoretical basis and accurate guidance for the evaluation of the quality of the sealing of boreholes and borehole repairs, and supports the improved use of boreholes to extract gases from coal mines.
Band structures and scattering properties of the simplest one-dimensional $${\mathscr {P}}{\mathscr {T}}$$-symmetric photonic crystal
Authors: Wang Tiecheng , Gou Xiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe elucidate the band structures and scattering properties of the simplest one-dimensional parity–time ($${\mathscr {P}}{\mathscr {T}}$$

P
T

)-symmetric photonic crystal. Its unit cell comprises one gain layer and one balanced loss layer. Herein, the analytic expressions of the band structures and scattering properties are derived, and based on these relations, we reveal and explain the following phenomena: Exceptional point pairs appear from Brillouin boundaries at a nonzero non-Hermiticity. With an increase in non-Hermiticity, each of these pairs moves toward the Brillouin center, finally coalescing into a single point at the Brillouin center at a critical non-Hermiticity value. Near the exceptional point, singular scattering is observed and explained. This refers to the phenomenon whereby transmittances and reflectances for left and right incidences reach exceptionally large values simultaneously. Moreover, these are infinite at some discrete points at which poles and zeros of the scattering matrix are attained. In forbidden gaps, unidirectional weak visibility, where transmittances are zero, is disclosed and analyzed: specifically, the reflectance for incidence from one side is very large, whereas that for incidence from the other side is very small. In this phenomenon, the eigenstates of the scattering matrix are the incident waves from the left and right sides, and their eigenvalues are the corresponding reflectances. Our results are important as new functional optical devices can potentially be developed by utilizing these novel phenomena.
Blood–brain barrier opening in a large animal model using closed-loop microbubble cavitation-based feedback control of focused ultrasound sonication
Authors: Chien Chih-Yen , Xu Lu , Pacia Christopher Pham , Yue Yimei , Chen Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFocused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubbles has been established as a promising technique for noninvasive and localized Blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening. Real-time passive cavitation detection (PCD)-based feedback control of the FUS sonication is critical to ensure effective BBB opening without causing hemorrhage. This study evaluated the performance of a closed-loop feedback controller in a porcine model. Calibration of the baseline cavitation level was performed for each targeted brain location by a FUS sonication in the presence of intravenously injected microbubbles at a low acoustic pressure without inducing BBB opening. The target cavitation level (TCL) was defined for each target based on the baseline cavitation level. FUS treatment was then performed under real-time PCD-based feedback controller to maintain the cavitation level at the TCL. After FUS treatment, contrast-enhanced MRI and ex vivo histological staining were performed to evaluate the BBB permeability and safety. Safe and effective BBB opening was achieved with the BBB opening volume increased from 3.8 ± 0.7 to 53.6 ± 23.3 mm3 as the TCL was increased from 0.25 to 1 dB. This study validated that effective and safe FUS-induced BBB opening in a large animal model can be achieved with closed-loop feedback control of the FUS sonication.
The Global Rate of Post-Stroke Aphasia
Authors: Frederick Ayanna , Jacobs Molly , Adams-Mitchell Candice J. , Ellis Charles 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:Aphasia is a devastating communication disorder that negatively impacts an individual's ability to engage in society. Despite the frequent occurrence after stroke, little is known about the frequency that aphasia occurs worldwide. To date, reports of aphasia have primarily emerged from high-income countries. This review explores the frequency of aphasia worldwide.Method:An integrative review examined rates of aphasia from 2000 to 2021. We primarily identified stroke studies that reported the number or percentage of participants with aphasia. Secondly, we identified journals that frequently published studies of stroke that included individuals with aphasia. This was supplemented by a country + stroke + aphasia via Google and Google Scholar search to identify those studies primarily focused on stroke outcomes that potentially reported the percentage of individuals with aphasia.Results:Seventy-five articles from 43 different countries published between 2000 and 2021 reported presence of aphasia in 7%–77% of all individuals with stroke. Rates were similar between high- and middle-income countries; however, no studies were identified from low-income countries.Conclusions:Rates of reported aphasia are highly variable and likely reflect different diagnostic approaches and timing of identification of the condition. Understanding differences in the presence of aphasia among stroke survivors across countries is critical in the effort to advocate for the resources needed to improve long-term outcomes.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21183478
Control of switched systems with delayed states: A direct AFSMC approach
Authors: Markazi Amir Hossein Davaie , Khodadadi Mohsen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis research focuses on controlling a class of MIMO state‐delayed nonlinear systems with switching conditions that depend on the delayed states. The key concept is to consider the dynamic changes brought by switching between sub‐systems as an uncertainty bounded by a certain polynomial of the delayed states norm. The challenge of managing a delayed switched system is changed to the simpler problem of controlling a delayed non‐switched system via an extended AFSMC approach with just one sliding surface. New adaptation laws are proposed within the general framework of the direct AFSMC scheme to estimate unknown coefficients of the uncertainty bound polynomial and parameters of a central fuzzy controller, which mimics the behavior of a feedback linearized controller in the conventional SMC approach. Using the method of multiple lyapunov‐krasovskii functions (MLKF), closed‐loop stability is proven. Several examples are elaborated to show the effectiveness of the method compared to the previously proposed no‐delay AFSMC method and also to the conventional feedback linearization approach. In particular, the proposed control scheme is applied to a benchmark high‐speed super cavitation underwater vehicle. The efficacy of the proposed method is depicted, while minimal information about the plant dynamics is needed in the control design stage.
Osteosynthese bei proximalen Femurfrakturen – Wie entscheidend sind Reposition und die Wahl des Implantats?
Authors: Gathen Martin , Burger Christof , Kasapovic Adnan , Kabir Koroush 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungProximale Femurfrakturen sind häufige und gleichsam komplexe Verletzungen, die einer zeitnahen Versorgung bedürfen. Ziel der operativen Therapie ist stets die rasche Wiederherstellung einer schmerzfreien und belastungsstabilen Extremität. Betroffen sind meist ältere, multimorbide Patienten mit einer hohen postoperativen Komplikations- und Mortalitätsrate. Bei gleichzeitig steigender Inzidenz besteht eine hohe medizinische und volkswirtschaftliche Relevanz der Thematik. In dieser Arbeit soll anhand der aktuellen Literatur die Reposition und Implantatwahl bei der Osteosynthese von proximalen Femurfrakturen in Abhängigkeit von der Frakturmorphologie untersucht werden. Zur Standardversorgung gehören neben der Schraubenosteosynthese (SO) die Versorgung mit einer Dynamischen Hüftschraube (DHS) und die intramedulläre Nagelosteosynthese (IN). Des Weiteren wird der Einfluss der Implantatpositionierung, Frakturreposition und additiver Maßnahmen wie einer Zementaugmentation auf das
Ergebnis bewertet und diskutiert. Vorrangig für die Vermeidung von Komplikationen sind eine sorgsame Frakturreposition und die regelhafte Implantatpositionierung.
Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of Coumarinolignoids from Cleome viscosa in Small Animals for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Babu Vineet , Singh Rupali , Kashyap Praveen K. , Washimkar Kaveri R. , Mugale Madhav N. , Tandon Sudeep , Bawankule Dnyaneshwar Umrao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to explore the possible pharmacological potential of Cleome viscosa Linn (Cleomaceae), an annual weed, into therapeutic value-added products. In the present study, we
have explored the pharmacological and toxicological profile of coumarinolignoids isolated from Cleome viscose for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related complications in a
small animal model. To avoid the biasness during experiments on animals, we have coded the isolated coumarinolignoids as CLIV-92 to perform the experimental pharmacological study.
CLIV-92 was orally administrated (30,100, 300 mg/kg) to animal models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, thermal and chemical-induced pain,
and Brewerʼs yeast-induced pyrexia. Oral administration of CLIV-92 significantly decreases the arthritis index, arthritis score, and increases the limb withdrawal threshold in the CIA
model in experimental rats. The anti-arthritis studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of CLIV-92 was associated with inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators
like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, MMP-1, MMP-9, Nitric oxide, and C-RP in CIA ratʼs serum, and also reduced the NFкB-p65 expression as evidence of immunohistochemistry in knee joint
tissue of CIA rats, in a dose-dependent manner. Further individual experiments related to arthritis-related complications in experimental animals demonstrated the analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic potential of CLIV-92 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, an in-vivo acute oral toxicity study concluded that CLIV-92 is safe in
experimental animals up to 2,000 mg/kg dose. The results of this study suggested that the oral administration of CLIV-92 may be a therapeutic candidate for further investigation in
the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related complications.
Mögen mich die anderen und ermutigen sie mich, ich selbst zu
sein? Eine Propensity-Score-Analyse zum Effekt dauerhafter gesundheitlicher
Beeinträchtigungen auf das arbeitsbezogene
Inklusionserleben
Authors: Chakraverty Veronika , Zimmer Heinz , Niehaus Mathilde 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Unsere Studie untersuchte den Effekt dauerhafter gesundheitlicher
Beeinträchtigungen auf das arbeitsbezogene Inklusionserleben.
Methodik Über einen Online-Fragenbogen erfassten wir dazu das
Inklusionserleben Arbeitnehmender (1807 mit und 540 ohne
Beeinträchtigungen) und identifizierten durch Propensity-Score-Matching
passende Paare.
Ergebnisse Arbeitnehmende mit Beeinträchtigungen gaben ein
geringeres Inklusionserleben an als ihre gematchten Paare ohne
Beeinträchtigungen, jedoch nur dann, wenn sie ihre
Arbeitstätigkeit als stark eingeschränkt oder ihre
Beeinträchtigung als stark stigmatisiert erlebten.
Einschränkungen und Stigmata erwiesen sich dabei als voneinander
unabhängige negative Prädiktoren für das
Inklusionserleben.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse legen einen Bedarf an Maßnahmen
zur Verbesserung des arbeitsbezogenen Inklusionserlebens von Menschen mit
dauerhaften gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen nahe. Solche
Maßnahmen sollten sowohl auf die Optimierung von Arbeitsplatzanpassungen
als auch auf die Änderung leistungsbezogener sozialer Normen in
Organisationen und stereotyper Vorannahmen über Arbeitnehmende mit
dauerhaften gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen abzielen.
Narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörung und Sucht
Authors: Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungÜber ein Drittel der Betroffenen mit einer narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung weist eine komorbide Substanzgebrauchstörung auf. Die Gründe für das häufige gemeinsame Auftreten beider Störungsbilder hängen u. a. mit den typischen Merkmalen der narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung zusammen. Zur Behandlung der Komorbidität der narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung und der Substanzgebrauchsstörung bestehen unterschiedliche Ansätze. Empohlen werden kann eine zweischrittige Behandlung im Sinne der Klärungsorientierten Psychotherapie: Während die erste Phase vor allem dem Aufbau von Abstinenzmotivation und der Stabilisierung der Abstinenz dient, fokussiert die zweite Phase auf die Behandlung der narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung, von der anzunehmen ist, dass sie die Substanzgebrauchsstörung (mit-)versursacht hat und aufrecht erhält.
Investigation of Alkyl–Aryl Interactions Using the Azobenzene Switch – The Influence of the Electronic Nature of Aromatic London Dispersion Donors
Authors: Schatz Dominic , Kunz Anne , Wegner Hermann A. , Raab Aileen R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis of nonsymmetrically substituted azobenzene derivatives with meta-alkyl substituents on one side and meta-aryl moieties with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups on the other side. The half-lives for the thermal (Z)- to (E)-isomerization of these molecules were measured in n-octane, which allows investigation of the strength of the aryl–alkyl interactions between their substituents. It was found that the London dispersion donor strength of the alkyl substrate is the decisive factor in the observed stabilization, whereas the electronic structure of the aryl fragment does not influence the isomerization in a significant way.
Synthesis of α-Hydroxy and α-Alkoxy Esters Enabled by a Visible-Light-Induced O–H Insertion Reaction of Diazo Compounds
Authors: Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong , Bai Jinrui , Qi Dan , Song Zhuoheng , Li Bin , Guo Lin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA visible-light-induced O–H insertion reaction of diazo compounds is reported. This synthetic method, unlike conventional pathways, does not rely on transition metals, Lewis acids, or Brønsted acids; does not use any catalyst; and produces valuable α-hydroxy and α-alkoxy esters in good yields of up to 98%. The protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance. Notably, a gram-scale synthesis has been performed in a photochemical continuous-flow mode.
Real-Time Patient Portal Use Among Emergency Department Patients: An Open Results Study
Authors: Turer Robert W. , Martin Katherine R. , Courtney Daniel Mark , Diercks Deborah B. , Chu Ling , Willett DuWayne L. , Thakur Bhaskar , Hughes Amy , Lehmann Christoph U. , McDonald Samuel A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives We characterized real-time patient portal test result viewing among emergency department (ED) patients and described patient characteristics overall and among those not enrolled in the portal at ED arrival.
Methods Our observational study at an academic ED used portal log data to trend the proportion of adult patients who viewed results during their visit from May 04, 2021 to April 04, 2022. Correlation was assessed visually and with Kendall's τ. Covariate analysis using binary logistic regression assessed result(s) viewed as a function of time accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, race, language, insurance status, disposition, and social vulnerability index (SVI). A second model only included patients not enrolled in the portal at arrival. We used random forest imputation to account for missingness and Huber-White heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors for patients with multiple encounters (α = 0.05).
Results There were 60,314 ED encounters (31,164 unique patients). In 7,377 (12.2%) encounters, patients viewed results while still in the ED. Patients were not enrolled for portal use at arrival in 21,158 (35.2%) encounters, and 927 (4.4% of not enrolled, 1.5% overall) subsequently enrolled and viewed results in the ED. Visual inspection suggests an increasing proportion of patients who viewed results from roughly 5 to 15% over the study (Kendall's τ = 0.61 [p <0.0001]). Overall and not-enrolled models yielded concordance indices (C) of 0.68 and 0.72, respectively, with significant overall likelihood ratio χ
2 (p <0.0001). Time was independently associated with viewing results in both models after adjustment. Models revealed disparate use between age, race, ethnicity, SVI, sex, insurance status, and disposition groups.
Conclusion We observed increased portal-based test result viewing among ED patients over the year since the 21st Century Cures act went into effect, even among those not enrolled at arrival. We observed disparities in those who viewed results.