bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reduced model for the ITER divertor based on SOLPS solutions for ITER Q = 10 baseline conditions: B. A reduced model based on reversed-direction two point modeling
*
Authors: Stangeby P.C. , Lore J.D. , Pitts R.A. , Canik J.M. , Bonnin X. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Edge codes such as SOLPS coupled to neutral codes such as EIRENE have become so comprehensive and sophisticated that they now constitute, in effect, ‘code-experiments’ that, as for actual experiments, can benefit from interpretation using simple models and conceptual frameworks, i.e. reduced models. The first task is the identification of options for the reduced model control parameters that are best suited for control of the action of the divertor, i.e. for control of target power loading and sputter–erosion, primarily. A strong correlation between the electron temperature at the divertor target, T
e,t, and the neutral deuterium D2 density at the target, n
D2,t, flux-tube resolved, has recently been reported for a number of code studies including SOLPS-4.3 modeling of a set of ∼50 ITER baseline cases: Q
DT = 10, q
95 = 3, P
SOL = 100 MW, metallic walls, and Ne seeding (Pitts et al 2019). Part A of the present study reports new results for largely the same ITER cases, confirming the strong correlation reported earlier between local values of T
e,t, and (i) n
D2,t, and (ii) normalized volumetric losses of power and pressure in the divertor. Strong correlations have now also been found, and are reported here for the first time, between T
e,t and all of the divertor target quantities of practical interest. A physical explanation for this surprising result has not as yet been fully identified; nevertheless it has encouraging implications for reduced modeling of the ITER divertor. For such ITER conditions, (i) the global Ne injection rate, InjNe (Ne s−1), and (ii) the electron temperature at the location on the target where the peak power deposition occurs, T
e,t@q⊥,pk (eV), are found to be promising reduced model control parameters. In this part B, a reduced model for the ITER divertor is developed and described in detail, based on reversed-direction two point modeling, Rev2PM. The input to the reduced model is a value of the variable pair

T

e
,
t

@

q

⊥
,
p
k

,
I
n

j

Ne

for a chosen case and the output are values of the various target as well as divertor-entrance quantities of practical interest, e.g. q
⊥,pk, the electron density at the X-point, n
e,Xpt, etc. The reduced model was quantitatively characterized using one half of the code cases; it was then used to successfully predict (replicate) the code values of e.g. n
e,Xpt for the other half.
Safety Cost Estimation of Building Construction with Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Sari F A K , Latief Y 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe number of cases of construction work accidents continues to increase every year. To prevent work accidents, especially the fatality rate, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) must be implemented in the construction project. Implementation of OHS can be a success if the availability of the budget is allocated explicitly for implementing OHS in construction projects. However, respondents’ current OHS budget is currently insufficient when referring to the guidelines regarding OHS costs applied in Indonesia. This condition will increase the initial budget and cause financial losses. So it is necessary to develop a cost estimation model that can estimate costs quickly and accurately. The results from this study will help estimator make OHS cost estimates quickly and accurately so that an estimator does not need a long time to do cost estimations at the beginning of the project, and the results of the estimated cost estimates are accurate. The fuzzy method uses to classify the contract value. The output of the fuzzy process will use as input in learning with the neural network. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error of tested data set for the adapted model is highly accurate (9.906%). The model obtained has a better MAPE value than the estimated cost by using regression analysis.
Flotation of suspended solid by introducing coagulant and fine bubbles in the mobile wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Joni I Made , Sofia Dedeh Rosmaniar , Sulistio Eko , Azhary Sundoro Yoga , Wibawa Bambang Mukti , Panatarani Camellia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Turbidity is an essential process variable in water treatment processes for clean water. This study reports the development of a mobile mini wastewater treatment plant (WTTP) intended to provide clean water in flooding incidents, where access to clean water is demanding. The mobile mini-WTTP employed with a fine bubbles generator aims to provide micro and nano bubbles with longer residence in the water expected to promote an effective flotation process. The system was evaluated in removing suspended solid capability to reduce total suspended solids (TSS) or water turbidity. The system consists of a mesh trap, chemical flocculation, dissolved air flotation chamber, and activated carbon–zeolite as a mineral filter. The system was tested on the suspended solid from homogenized clay resulted from a turbid tap water effluent with adjusted turbidity up to 500 FNU on the storage tank. Alum solution with a dosage of 200 mg/L was used as a coagulant agent. In the flotation process was introduced a fine bubbles generator with a pressurized mechanism. The effluent was pumped from a storage tank into a treatment plant with a flow rate of 200 L/h, and the samples were obtained after the separation from the corresponding sub-system at the condition of steady state of water flow. A digital water quality measurement was operated to evaluate the effluent after the separation process. The results show that the separation of turbidity up to 98% was obtained at the end of the processing system. The successful flotation of the suspended solid due to the zeta potential turn to zero up on the addition of flocculants lead to effective fine bubbles flotation. Finally, clean water was achieved in the performance test of mobile mini WTTP utilized with fine bubbles.
Synthesis of boehmite from aluminum trihydrate through facile hydrothermal method
Authors: Chamida Ridha Nurul , Rois Mahardika F. , Widiyastuti W. , Setyawan Heru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Boehmite (g-AlOOH) has demonstrated to have superior performance as coating material for battery separator, especially lithium-ion battery, due to its excellent wetting ability and thermal stability. The products of Bayer process from bauxite are typically in the form of aluminum trihydrate (ATH). Observing the phase diagram of Al2O3-H2O, it was assumed that the ATH might be converted into boehmite by controlling the pressure and temperature under hydrothermal condition. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the conversion of ATH to boehmite in a hydrothermal reactor. The experiments were carried out in a 100-mL hydrothermal reactor with a liquid filling volume of 30% and 50%. The reaction time was varied from 2 to 8 h. The hydrothermally treated ATH particles were characterized by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns exhibited that the ATH has not been converted yet into boehmite at a reaction time of 2 h for all conditions. When the reaction time was prolonged to 4 h, ATH was transformed into boehmite at filling volume of 30% and 50%. It appears that liquid filling volume influences the transformation of ATH into boehmite. As observed by the SEM images, the morphology of particles also changed by the change of the crystalline phase. The particles changed from nearly spherical-shaped to cube and the particle size was typically larger
Occurrences of reciprocal sign epistasis in single- and multi-peaked theoretical fitness landscapes
Authors: Riehl Manda , Phillips Reed , Pudwell Lara , Chenette Nate 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fitness landscapes help model the theory of adaption. We consider genetic fitness landscapes abstractly as acyclic orientations of Boolean lattices under the assumptions laid out by Crona et al. We focus on occurrences of reciprocal sign epistasis (RSE) on the faces of the lattice. We computationally study which combinations of numbers of peaks and RSE faces are possible, and we determine limits on occurrences of RSE faces in both single-peaked and multi-peaked landscapes. Our main theorem extends a theorem of Poelwijk to show that any landscape with k peaks contains at least k − 1 RSE faces.
Growth chemistry of cobalt nitride by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: O’Donnell S , Snelgrove M , Shiel K , Weiland C , Hughes G , Woicik J , O’Neill D , Jose F , McFeely C , O’Connor R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
State-of-the-art atomic layer deposition (ALD) and photoemission characterisation are applied to grow and characterise cobalt nitride, a material that has applications in renewable energy and semiconductor technologies. The growth process is characterised using an in situ cycle-by-cycle methodology to identify the main factors which underpin optimal material growth. The role of co-reactant dosing and substrate temperature is analysed in detail to demonstrate the impact these parameters have on the overall composition of the film. The in situ approach, combined with high-energy synchrotron-based photoemission studies of the resulting films, enables understanding of the bulk chemical properties without need for physical removal of material by sputtering. The results provide an insight into optimising plasma assisted ALD processes for deposition of cobalt nitride, and strategies for minimizing carbon incorporation into the film from the precursor ligands.
The nuanced nature of mesic refugia in arid landscapes: a tale of two peas
Authors: Bradbury Donna , Binks Rachel M , van Leeuwen Stephen , Coates David J , McArthur Shelley L , Macdonald Bronwyn M , Hankinson Margaret , Byrne Margaret 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsUnderstanding how genetic diversity is distributed and maintained within species is a central tenet of evolutionary and conservation biology, yet is understudied in arid regions of the globe. In temperate, glaciated environments, high genetic diversity in plant species is frequently found in refugial areas, which are often associated with southern non-glaciated landscapes. In arid, unglaciated environments, landscape features providing mesic conditions are likely to be refugia, although our understanding needs more refinement in these biomes. We test whether refugia and nuclear diversity hotspots occur in high-elevation, topographically complex areas for co-distributed shrubs (Petalostylis labicheoides and Indigofera monophylla; Fabaceae) in the ancient, arid Pilbara bioregion of north-western Australia.MethodsWe conducted extensive sampling of the Pilbara (&gt;1400 individuals from 62 widespread populations) to detect patterns in nuclear diversity and structure based on 13–16 microsatellite loci. Evidence of historical refugia was investigated based on patterns of diversity in three non-coding chloroplast (cp) sequence regions for approx. 240 individuals per species. Haplotype relationships were defined with median-joining networks and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees.Key ResultsWe found cpDNA evidence for a high-elevation refugium in P. labicheoides but not for I. monophylla that instead exhibited extraordinary haplotype diversity and evidence for persistence across a widespread area. Nuclear diversity hotspots occurred in, but were not exclusive to, high-elevation locations and extended to adjacent, low-elevation riparian areas in both species.ConclusionsPhylogeographic refugia in arid environments may occur in high-elevation areas for some species but not all, and may be influenced by species-specific traits: a mesic montane refugium in P. labicheoides could be related to its preference for growth in water-gaining areas, while a lack of such evidence in I. monophylla could be related to maintenance of cpDNA diversity in a large soil seed bank and dynamic evolutionary history. Mesic environments created by the intersection of topographically complex landscapes with riparian zones can be contemporary reservoirs of genetic diversity in arid landscapes.
Social buffering diminishes fear response but does not equal improved fear extinction
Authors: Gorkiewicz Tomasz , Danielewski Konrad , Andraka Karolina , Kondrakiewicz Kacper , Meyza Ksenia , Kaminski Jan , Knapska Ewelina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial support during exposure-based psychotherapy is believed to diminish fear and improve therapy outcomes. However, some clinical trials challenge that notion. Underlying mechanisms remain unknown, hindering the understanding of benefits and pitfalls of such approach. To study social buffering during fear extinction, we developed a behavioral model in which partner’s presence decreases response to fear-associated stimuli. To identify the neuronal background of this phenomenon, we combined behavioral testing with c-Fos mapping, optogenetics, and chemogenetics. We found that the presence of a partner during fear extinction training causes robust inhibition of freezing; the effect, however, disappears in subjects tested individually on the following day. It is accompanied by lowered activation of the prelimbic (PL) and anterior cingulate (ACC) but not infralimbic (IL) cortex. Accordingly, blocking of IL activity left social buffering intact. Similarly, inhibition of the ventral hippocampus–PL pathway, suppressing fear response after prolonged extinction training, did not diminish the effect. In contrast, inhibition of the ACC–central amygdala pathway, modulating social behavior, blocked social buffering. By reporting that social modulation of fear inhibition is transient and insensitive to manipulation of the fear extinction-related circuits, we show that the mechanisms underlying social buffering during extinction are different from those of individual extinction.
Improved Survival After Liver Transplantation for Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HIV/Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in the Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor and Direct-Acting Antiviral Eras
Authors: Jacob Jake Sheraj , Shaikh Anjiya , Goli Karthik , Rich Nicole E , Benhammou Jihane N , Ahmed Aijaz , Kim Donghee , Rana Abbas , Goss John A , Naggie Susanna , Lee Tzu-Hao , Kanwal Fasiha , Cholankeril George 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection had poor outcomes after liver transplant (LT). Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have changed the treatment landscape for HIV and HCV, respectively, but their impact on LT outcomes remains unclear.

Methods
This retrospective analysis of adults with HIV monoinfection (n = 246) and HIV/HCV coinfection (n = 286) who received LT compared mortality in patients with HIV who received LT before versus after approval of INSTIs and in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection who received LT before versus after approval of DAAs. In secondary analysis, we compared the outcomes in the different eras with those of propensity score–matched control cohorts of LT recipients without HIV or HCV infection.

Results
LT recipients with HIV monoinfection did not experience a significant improvement in survival between the pre-INSTI and INSTI recipients with HIV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .36–1.34]). However, recipients with HIV/HCV coinfection in the DAA era had a 47% reduction (aHR, 0.53 [95% CI, .31–9.2] in 1-year mortality compared with coinfected recipients in the pre-DAA era. Compared to recipients without HIV or HCV, HIV-monoinfected recipients had higher mortality during the pre-INSTI era, but survival was comparable between groups during the INSTI era. HIV/HCV-coinfected recipients also experienced comparable survival during the DAA era compared to recipients without HCV or HIV.

Conclusions
Post-LT survival for people with HIV monoinfection and HIV/HCV coinfection has improved with the introduction of INSTI and DAA therapy, suggesting that LT has become safer in these populations.
Effect of preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy on postventricular assist device outcomes: an analysis of the STS Pedimacs database
Authors: Peer Syed M , Koehl Devin A , Cantor Ryan S , Kirklin James K , Sinha Pranava 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support prior to ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy is frequently used for stabilizing INTERMACS 1 and 2 paediatric patients. Data regarding outcomes with this strategy is limited.

METHODS
Patient characteristics and outcomes post-VAD therapy with and without preop ECMO support were compared. Survival and risk factor analysis was performed for all patients and INTERMACS profile 1 subgroup.

RESULTS
Of 541 INTERMACS 1 and 2 patients enrolled in Paediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support registry, 391 received primary VAD implantation and ECMO prior to VAD therapy was utilized in 150 patients. Younger age (P &lt; 0.0001) and shock (P &lt; 0.0001) were more common in group 2, with lower survival at 1, 6 and 12 months compared to group 1 (P &lt; 0.0001). Freedom from infection (P = 0.03) was higher in group 1. Freedom from stroke (P = 0.7) was similar. Paracorporeal continuous flow devices led to poor survival in both groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.4). Implantable continuous flow (P &lt; 0.0001) and paracorporeal pulsatile devices (P = 0.007) had better survival in primary VAD group. INTERMACS profile 1, lower weight, hepatic dysfunction, renal failure, paracorporeal continuous and percutaneous devices were associated with higher mortality. Preop ECMO therapy was not associated with higher mortality (P = 0.12). Survival of INTERMACS profile 1 patient was similar at 1, 6 and 12 months in both groups (P = 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS
INTERMACS profile 1, lower weight, hepatic dysfunction, renal failure and use of paracorporeal continuous flow or percutaneous assist devices are associated with a higher postoperative mortality. Preop ECMO therapy however is not independently associated with higher postop mortality.
Multiple origins, one evolutionary trajectory: gradual evolution characterizes distinct lineages of allotetraploidBrachypodium
Authors: Scarlett Virginia T , Lovell John T , Shao Mingqin , Phillips Jeremy , Shu Shengqiang , Lusinska Joanna , Goodstein David M , Jenkins Jerry , Grimwood Jane , Barry Kerrie , Chalhoub Boulos , Schmutz Jeremy , Hasterok Robert , Catalán Pilar , Vogel John P 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe “genomic shock” hypothesis posits that unusual challenges to genome integrity such as whole genome duplication may induce chaotic genome restructuring. Decades of research on polyploid genomes have revealed that this is often, but not always the case. While some polyploids show major chromosomal rearrangements and derepression of transposable elements in the immediate aftermath of whole genome duplication, others do not. Nonetheless, all polyploids show gradual diploidization over evolutionary time. To evaluate these hypotheses, we produced a chromosome-scale reference genome for the natural allotetraploid grass Brachypodium hybridum, accession “Bhyb26.” We compared 2 independently derived accessions of B. hybridum and their deeply diverged diploid progenitor species Brachypodium stacei and Brachypodium distachyon. The 2 B. hybridum lineages provide a natural timecourse in genome evolution because one formed 1.4 million years ago, and the other formed 140 thousand years ago. The genome of the older lineage reveals signs of gradual post-whole genome duplication genome evolution including minor gene loss and genome rearrangement that are missing from the younger lineage. In neither B. hybridum lineage do we find signs of homeologous recombination or pronounced transposable element activation, though we find evidence supporting steady post-whole genome duplication transposable element activity in the older lineage. Gene loss in the older lineage was slightly biased toward 1 subgenome, but genome dominance was not observed at the transcriptomic level. We propose that relaxed selection, rather than an abrupt genomic shock, drives evolutionary novelty in B. hybridum, and that the progenitor species’ similarity in transposable element load may account for the subtlety of the observed genome dominance.
Seafloor depth controls seismograph orientation uncertainty
Authors: Sawaki Yasunori , Yamashita Yusuke , Ohyanagi Shukei , Garcia Emmanuel Soliman M , Ito Aki , Sugioka Hiroko , Takahashi Tsutomu , Shinohara Masanao , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
This study evaluates the seafloor ambient noise environment that varies with the water depth based on a correction analysis of the horizontal sensor orientation for ocean-bottom seismographs. As ocean-bottom seismographs are mainly deployed as ‘free-fall’ installations, we have no information on which direction a horizontal sensor faces at the seafloor. An accurate sensor orientation is crucial for data processing based on seismic wavefields. Among several seismological approaches that use passive sources to correct the horizontal sensor azimuth, the particle motion of teleseismic Rayleigh waves is widely used for broad-band ocean-bottom seismographs. We performed seafloor seismic observations in the Hyuga-nada region at the western end of the Nankai subduction zone and deployed broad-band and short-period seismographs. However, studies have yet to investigate whether orientation correction via the Rayleigh-wave polarization method is valid for short-period data. The results of the Rayleigh wave method from our campaign observation data showed that the estimation uncertainty of short-period sensor orientations increased with a decreasing water depth; we observed a transition depth for the uncertainty at 2200–2600 m. The measurement quality, or the cross-correlation coefficient between the radial and Hilbert-transformed vertical components, also decreased at depths shallower than 2000 m. Moreover, an analysis of the noise power spectral densities showed that ambient noise levels during long periods (&gt;10 s) increased with decreasing depth. Infragravity waves controlled vertical long-period noise levels, while ocean currents dominated horizontal long-period noise; both of these reduced the Rayleigh-wave signals as a function of environmental noise. Infragravity waves also likely distorted the Rayleigh waveforms. Both mechanisms contributed to the sudden rise in orientation uncertainty and low measurement quality at shallow stations (i.e. &lt;2000 m). We confirmed that the variation in orientation uncertainty with the water depth can be used as an index for the ambient noise environment of the seafloor.
Simulating seismic multifrequency wavefields with the Fourier feature physics-informed neural network
Authors: Song Chao , Wang Yanghua 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
To simulate seismic wavefields with a frequency-domain wave equation, conventional numerical methods must solve the equation sequentially to obtain the wavefields for different frequencies. The monofrequency equation has the form of a Helmholtz equation. When solving the Helmholtz equation for seismic wavefields with multiple frequencies, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) can be used. However, the PINN suffers from the problem of spectral bias when approximating high-frequency components. We propose to simulate seismic multifrequency wavefields using a PINN with an embedded Fourier feature. The input to the Fourier feature PINN for simulating multifrequency wavefields is 4-D, namely the horizontal and vertical spatial coordinates of the model, the horizontal position of the source, and the frequency, and the output is multifrequency wavefields at arbitrary source positions. While an effective Fourier feature initialization strategy can lead to optimal convergence in training this network, the Fourier feature PINN simulates multifrequency wavefields with reasonable efficiency and accuracy.