bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of hybrid aluminum-air battery fuel-cell system
Authors: Tan Weng Cheong , Saw Lip Huat , Yew Ming Chian , Pei-Yu Kuo , Khor Zheng Yu , Sun Dongyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Industrial 4.0 accelerates the need to introduce clean energy to accommodate the increase in electricity demand globally without causing environmental issues. Metal-air battery is a new type of energy storage system in which the metal anode is consumed to generate electricity through the electrochemical reaction. Among various types of the metal anode, aluminum is a promising energy carrier. Aluminum-air battery shows advantages such as high capacity, abundance, low cost, and being environmentally friendly. Traditional aqueous aluminum-air battery experiences restriction from application due to its self-corrosion issues. In this study, instead of reducing or limiting the self-corrosion issues, a different approach is proposed so to make use of the self-corrosion issues of the aluminum-air battery. By incorporating an additional hydrogen-air subcell to the aluminum-air battery, this hybrid system turned the self-corrosion issue into a beneficial reaction by utilizing the hydrogen gas produced from the aluminum anode as the fuel to power the hydrogen-air fuel cell and improving the overall power performance. The electrical performance of each system is studied experimentally using potassium hydroxide electrolytes. The hybrid system shows a great improvement as compared to a single system. The maximum power is improved by more than 40%. This study shows that the hybrid design is feasible in enhancing the aluminum-air battery performance and yet, maintaining low cost and low weight in nature.
Low-velocity impact behavior of sandwich composite structure with 3D printed hexagonal honeycomb core: varying core materials
Authors: Nur Ainin F , Azaman M D , Abdul Majid M S , Ridzuan M J M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technology is extensively used in aeronautical applications, especially in designing the sandwich composite structures for repair tasks. However, the composite structures are vulnerable to impact loadings because of their exposure to, for instance, loading field carriages, flying debris, and bird strikes. This may lead to crack propagation and ultimately the structural failure. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanical behavior of sandwich composite structures under low-velocity impact. In this research, carbon fiber fabric reinforced 3D-printed thermoplastic composite of hexagonal honeycomb cores structures were fabricated with different unit cells (6, 8, and 10 mm) and varying materials (polylactic acid (PLA), PLA-Wood and PLA-Carbon). A drop weight impact test was performed under impact energies (5, 8, and 11 J) to determine the energy absorption performance of the structures whereas the surface morphology was analyzed using a high-intensity optical microscope. Comparing unit cells of materials used, it is observed that the unit cell of 8 mm is the best configuration for lightweight materials with impressive energy absorption capabilities. Under an impact energy of 11 J, the PLA-Wood of unit cell 8 mm shows 9.22 J higher in energy absorption than unit cell 10 mm which is 7.44 J due to intermediate stiffness that resists further deformation. While the filled PLA shows the PLA-Wood material offers better performance in energy absorption capability compared to PLA-Carbon. The PLA-Wood demonstrates 9.22 J more energy absorption for an unit cell 8 mm under an impact energy of 11 J than the PLA-Carbon, which is 8.49 J. This is due to the good compatibility between the hydroxyl groups of the polymer matrix and lignocellulose filler, which translates to better stiffness.
A Legal and Political Assessment of Challenges to Abortion Laws by Anti-choice Activists in Australia and the Progression of Abortion Law in Australia and the United States
Authors: O’Rourke Anne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Historically, in Australia the issue of abortion had not attracted the violent protests that are frequently part of the American political landscape. Nor had it featured prominently in parliamentary debates. This began to change in 2004 when the issue was put on the political agenda by a small but vocal group of conservative members of the Federal Parliament. It also emerged as an issue at the state government level between 2008 and 2019 with the decriminalization of abortion in four Australian states and one territory. These changes in turn, led to a response by opponents along three lines as follows: first, legal challenges to safe access zones around fertility clinics; second, the pursuit of legal recognition of fetal personhood in state parliaments; and third, ongoing attempts to prevent Medicare (public) funding of abortions in relation to the occurrence of sex-selection abortion. All three strategies have been influenced by, or are copies of, the actions of antiabortion activists in the United States. To date, none of these strategies have proven successful in Australia. Nonetheless, anti-abortion activists are resolute in their desire to overturn recent gains in decriminalising abortion law in Australia. While Australian developments are in conformity with global trends towards liberalization of abortion law, the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade by the Supreme Court of the United States and the restrictions introduced across various states in America, has emboldened opponents of abortion who hope to replicate similar bans and restrictions in Australia.
Moving the field forward: detection of epileptiform abnormalities on scalp electroencephalography using deep learning—clinical application perspectives
Authors: Janmohamed Mubeen , Nhu Duong , Kuhlmann Levin , Gilligan Amanda , Tan Chang Wei , Perucca Piero , O’Brien Terence J , Kwan Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The application of deep learning approaches for the detection of interictal epileptiform discharges is a nascent field, with most studies published in the past 5 years. Although many recent models have been published demonstrating promising results, deficiencies in descriptions of data sets, unstandardized methods, variation in performance evaluation and lack of demonstrable generalizability have made it difficult for these algorithms to be compared and progress to clinical validity. A few recent publications have provided a detailed breakdown of data sets and relevant performance metrics to exemplify the potential of deep learning in epileptiform discharge detection. This review provides an overview of the field and equips computer and data scientists with a synopsis of EEG data sets, background and epileptiform variation, model evaluation parameters and an awareness of the performance metrics of high impact and interest to the trained clinical and neuroscientist EEG end user. The gold standard and inter-rater disagreements in defining epileptiform abnormalities remain a challenge in the field, and a hierarchical proposal for epileptiform discharge labelling options is recommended. Standardized descriptions of data sets and reporting metrics are a priority. Source code-sharing and accessibility to public EEG data sets will increase the rigour, quality and progress in the field and allow validation and real-world clinical translation.
The association between acute kidney injury and outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Siriopol Dimitrie , Yildiz Abdullah Burak , Berkkan Metehan , Popa Raluca , Hasbal Nuri Baris , Ortiz Alberto , Perazella Mark A 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that have changed the landscape of cancer therapy but also have some considerable drawbacks. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these potential complications that may have effects on patient outcomes. In this review, we assessed the effect of AKI on mortality outcomes in cancer patients receiving this immunotherapy.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, retrospective, randomized and non-randomized studies, which examined the effects of AKI in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We searched through PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases.

Results
Seven studies were included in the final analysis, with a total number of patients of 761. Overall, the risk of death was higher in patients that developed AKI during ICPI treatment [hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.92, P = 0.02; heterogeneity χ2 = 11.68, I2 = 66%, P = 0.02] compared with patients that did not develop AKI. In addition, there was a trend to a better survival in those with less severe AKI patients compared with those with more severe AKI (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.99–1.83, P = 0.05). Lastly, it was seen that patients with persistent kidney dysfunction (non-recovery) had an increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.41–6.08, P = 0.004; heterogeneity χ2 = 0.53, I2 = 0%, P = 0.47).

Conclusions
Development of AKI in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with increased risk of mortality.
Cross-country collaboration for physical activity promotion: experiences from the European Union Physical Activity Focal Points Network
Authors: Tcymbal Antonina , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Messing Sven , Whiting Stephen , Wickramasinghe Kremlin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
An analysis of currently existing partnerships and cross-country collaboration for physical activity (PA) promotion is valuable for understanding how such partnerships operate, and how they impact national PA promotion efforts. This study aimed to outline the formation and development of the European Union’s (EU) Physical Activity Focal Points Network, to evaluate its outputs and benefits and to describe its potential and challenges.

Methods
A mixed methods approach were employed, including document analysis, semi-structured interviews with key officials and an online evaluation survey with the focal points.

Results
The network was founded in 2014. Its main task is to coordinate the national collection of information for the EU’s Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) Monitoring Framework. Besides collecting data, focal points usually meet twice a year to share best practices and plan activities for the promotion of PA within the EU. The results of the evaluation survey show that participation in the network helped members specify goals for PA promotion, gain more knowledge regarding how to promote PA, identify more opportunities to promote PA in their country and to join a collaborative project with other countries.

Conclusions
The study shows that the EU Physical Activity Focal Points Network may serve as an example of successful cross-country collaboration in PA promotion. The network has been able to make a contribution to monitoring the implementation of the EU Council Recommendation on HEPA across sectors in particular and of PA promotion in the EU in general.
S02-4 Physical activity and screen time during the COVID-19 lockdown in Europe: repeated cross-sectional study in 10 countries
Authors: Kovacs Viktoria A , Brandes Mirko , Suesse Thomas , Blagus Rok , Csanyi Tamas , Kaj Monika , Starc Gregor , Rocha Paulo , Okely Anthony D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
To date, few multi-country data on how the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions affected children’s physical activity have been published, and most reports originate outside Europe. This repeated cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and correlates of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) in a large sample of European children during the COVID-19 pandemic in January-February 2021, and compared the data to the first lockdown in May-June 2020.

Methods
Data from two online survey rounds were analysed. A total of 8,395 children aged 6-18 years were included in Round 1 (May-June 2020) and 24,302 in Round 2 (Jan-Feb 2021). PA and ST were assessed by 7-day recall measure.

Results
Overall, 9.3% of children (95%CI, 6.9-11.7) met the WHO PA recommendation, which is half of what was observed in Spring 2020 (19.0% [18.2-19.9]). Exceeding ST recommendations was also prevalent in both data collection rounds. Playing outdoors more than 2 hours/day, following a daily routine and being active in online P.E. increased the odds of healthy levels of physical activity and screen time. We also observed a large variability in curriculum time allocated for P.E. In many countries this was lower than the compulsory requirements.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that lockdown in winter has greater negative impact than in spring. Promoting safe and responsible outdoor activities, safeguarding P.E. lessons during distance learning and setting pre-planned, consistent daily routines are important in helping children maintain healthy active lifestyle in pandemic situation. These factors should be prioritised by policymakers, schools and parents.
S06-2 GAP: The Girls Active Project
Authors: McQuinn Sara , Belton Sarahjane , Staines Anthony , Sweeney Mary Rose 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Adolescent females Physical Activity (PA) participation rates are low globally, particularly among females of lower Socio-Economic Status (SES). Evidence suggests theory-based, multi-component interventions are most effective at improving PA levels. This research aimed to co-design, with adolescent females, a theory-driven, multi-component, extracurricular school-based PA intervention, the Girls Active Project (GAP) and assess its feasibility.

Setting
One single-sex, females-only, designated disadvantaged post-primary school in Dublin, Ireland.

Methods
The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) were used to develop the GAP. Mixed-methods with students (n = 287, aged 12-18) and teachers (n = 7) captured students’ self-reported PA levels and identified factors influencing PA behaviour at school. These data were subsequently used in discussion groups with PPI contributors (n = 8, students aged 15-17) to co-design the intervention. Mixed-methods were applied with multiple stakeholders to assess the feasibility of implementing and evaluating the GAP programme over a 12-week single-arm feasibility trial.

Results
Just 1.4% of the students in this sample (n = 287) reported meeting the recommended PA guidelines. Time, social influences, beliefs about capabilities, environmental context and resources, goals, reinforcement, and behavioural regulation emerged from the data as factors influencing PA behaviour. A peer-led, after-school PA programme was co-designed. The feasibility study encountered significant contextual barriers and challenges with recruitment. Recruitment (n = 8, 10%) was low, yet retention (88%) was high. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic hindering implementation, results suggested the GAP programme was implemented with high fidelity (87%), well-received by stakeholders and perceived as compatible with the after school-setting.

Conclusions
PA levels of females in this sample were far below recommended guidelines for optimum health. The novel approach applied to systematically co-design the intervention could facilitate future replication. Whilst further thought must be given on how to increase enrolment, the in-person delivered PA programme showed promise as an intervention that can be feasibly implemented and evaluated. Future research should examine the GAP’s preliminary-effectiveness at increasing PA levels in a pilot-cluster randomised controlled trial.
S06-5 The Walking In ScHools (WISH) study: Development and evaluation of a peer-led school-based walking intervention in adolescent girls from pilot to fully-powered trial
Authors: Murphy Marie H , Gallagher Alison M , Carlin Angela , Maria O’ Kane S , Doherty Leanne C , McDermott Gary , Lahart Ian M , Jago Russell , Faulkner Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Walking interventions, delivered within the school setting, have the potential to increase physical activity (PA) in adolescents. Previous research has shown that walking is an acceptable form of PA for adolescent girls, and that walking interventions may be effective at increasing PA in this group. Findings from the Walking In ScHools (WISH) pilot study (n199 female participants) found the intervention was effective in increasing light intensity PA in adolescent girls, but further research is needed to examine the effects of walking on overall PA and the role of peer leaders in delivering school-based interventions. The present study aims to build upon this pilot work and evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, low-cost, peer-led school-based walking intervention, delivered across the school year, at increasing accelerometer-measured PA levels of adolescent girls.

Methods
The WISH study is a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial targeting adolescent girls (aged 12-14 years) within the post-primary school setting. Data will be collected at four timepoints, baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and 13 months post-baseline. Following baseline data collection, schools were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 9) or control (n = 9). In intervention schools, older pupils (aged 15-18 years) were trained as walk leaders and led the younger girls in 10-15min walks before school, at break, and during lunch, across the school year (20-22 weeks). The primary outcome measure is accelerometer-measured total PA (post-intervention) and secondary outcomes include anthropometry measures, and wellbeing.

Results
Some 590 participants (mean(SD) age 12.6(0.64)years) were recruited from 18 schools across Northern Ireland (n = 9) and the Border region of the Republic of Ireland (n9). Within the intervention schools, 149 walk leaders were trained. At baseline (n = 535), mean(SD) time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 39.2(17.07)mins/day and 66 (12%) girls achieved PA guidelines of 60 minutes MVPA per day. Data collection and analysis is ongoing.

Conclusions
This research has outlined the development of a novel, peer-led walking intervention and demonstrated its effectiveness at increasing light intensity PA in adolescent girls. The ongoing fully powered trial will build upon this pilot work and further evaluate the effects of the WISH study on increasing PA in adolescent girls.
S07 How do sports clubs contribute to health? From theory to interventions
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Geidne Susanna , Rinta-Antila Katja , Gavin Kevin , Ooms Linda , Johnson Stacey , Seghers Jan , Kokko Sami 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The symposium presents last findings on health promotion interventions in sports clubs. After a short introduction about the health promoting sports clubs (HPSC), five presentations (France, Sweden, Ireland, Finland and Netherlands) will reflect upon how sports clubs can be health promoting: in theory, from youth perspectives, by increasing physical activity level as outcome or enhancing sustainability of interventions, before opening the discussion with academic experts. Presentation 1 describes an iterative international process, implicating three groups (French sport students, French and Swedish experts) to create an intervention theory, based on the HPSC model. Presentation 2 focuses on a cross-sectional study investigating 123 Swedish youth's representation of sports clubs' role towards health promotion, identifying social dimension, environment, coaches, amount and ambition of practice as key factors. Presentation 3 is a longitudinal study among 366 adolescents, followed from age 15 to age 19, questioning the participation to organised sport practice and their orientation (leisure or competitive). Results have shown that by the age of 19, 33% of boys and 43% of girls have dropped out of organised sport, where 45% of boys and 26% of girls continued participation. Adolescents with a competitive goal orientation were more likely to continue participation. Presentation 4 is a longitudinal study among 131 youth measuring objective physical activity before and in the middle of a sport season. Principal results showed a significant change across time point, as well as differences between gender (a decrease in moderate to vigorous physical activity during games for boys and an increase for girls). Presentation 5 examined factors that influenced the sustainability of 14 Dutch sporting program aimed at increasing physical activity among inactive people 6.5 years after their implementation. Interviews with representatives of Dutch National Sports Federations and sports clubs helped to identify facilitating and impeding factors, like program adaptation, evaluation, financing and factors related to human resources. Question and Answer will be organised around the key ingredients and challenges facing the development of HPSC interventions, such as implementation of theoretical background, sport participants need consideration, complexity of outcomes evaluation of HPSC and program sustainability.
S07-4 Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting
Authors: Ooms Linda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands.

Methods
Fourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008-2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n = 14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n = 17 continued the program, n = 11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017-March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis.

Results
Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (-) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (-). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (-) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (-)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist.

Conclusions
Key factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.