bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current gaps and opportunities in screening, prevention, and treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Rimel Bobbie J. , Kunos Charles A. , Macioce Nikeya , Temkin Sarah M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn their fiscal year 2021 reports, the US House and Senate Appropriations Committees requested that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) evaluate current research related to women's health and topics that include stagnant cervical cancer survival. In response, the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, with input from women's health experts; members of the public; representatives from NIH institutes, centers, and offices; and members of the NIH Advisory Committee on Research on Women's Health, reviewed the public health needs and current NIH activities on cervical cancer. The Advancing NIH Research on the Health of Women: A 2021 Conference held in October 2021 reviewed these findings and allowed the identification of opportunities to strengthen research. In this review, the authors summarize public health needs related to cervical cancer and NIH activities in this realm. Cervical cancer has become a rare disease in the United States, yet significant portions of the US population remain under screened or unscreened for cervical cancer, human papillomavirus vaccination rates remain low, access to high‐quality treatment remains a challenge for many, and large inequities by race and ethnicity persist. Novel, inclusive, and intentional research is needed to produce improvements in cervical cancer survival within the United States.
Lifespan changes in cannabinoid 1 receptor mRNA expression in the female C57BL/6J mouse brain
Authors: Li Xulin , Zhao Gaoyang , Huang Hongren , Ye Jialin , Xu Junfeng , Zhou Yuan , Zhu Xiaojuan , Wang Liping , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany brain functions that underlie behavior, cognition, and emotions vary with age, as does susceptibility to neuropsychological disorders. The expression of specific genes that are involved in these functions, such as the genes encoding for oxytocin, its receptors, and apolipoprotein D, varies with age across different brain regions. The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) is one of the most widely spread G‐protein coupled receptors in the central nervous system and is increasingly recognized for its important contribution to various brain functions. Although changes in CB1R expression with age have been reported in the male mouse brain, they have not been well investigated in the female brain. Here, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization to target CB1R mRNA in the whole brains of female C57BL/6J mice aged 4, 6, 12, 52 (12 months) and 86 weeks (20 months), and quantified CB1R‐positive cells in 36 brain regions across the whole brain. The results showed that CB1R‐positive cells number changed with age. Specifically, CB1R expression increased with age in some subregions of the cortex, decreased with age in the lateral septal area, and reached its lowest level at 52 weeks in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and hindbrain subregions. Cluster analysis revealed that some brain regions shared similar temporal characteristics in CB1R‐positive cell number across the lifespan. Our results provide evidence that investigation of the neural basis of age‐related characteristics of female brain functions is not only warranted but required.
A novel TCNN–Bi‐LSTM deep learning model for predicting sentiments of tweets about COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Aslan Serpil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany researchers in various disciplines have focused on extracting meaningful information from social media platforms in recent years. Identification of behaviors and emotions from user posts is examined under the heading of sentiment analysis (SA) studies using the natural language processing (NLP) techniques. In this study, a novel TCNN‐Bi‐LSTM model using the two‐stage convolutional neural network (TCNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) architectures was proposed. While TCNN layers enable the extraction of strong local features, the output of these layers feeds the Bi‐LSTM model that remembers forward‐looking information and capture long‐term dependencies. In this study, first, preprocessing steps were applied to the raw dataset. Thus, strong features were extracted from the obtained quality dataset using the FastText word embedding technique that pre‐trained with location‐based and sub‐word information features. The experimental results of the proposed method are promising compared to the baseline deep learning and machine learning models. Also, experimental results show that while the FastText data embedding technique achieves the best performance compared to other word embedding techniques in all deep learning classification models, it has not had the same outstanding success in machine learning models. This study aims to investigate the sentiments of tweets about the COVID‐19 vaccines and comments on these tweets among Twitter users by using the power of Twitter data. A new dataset collected from Twitter was constructed to be used in experimental results. This study will facilitate detecting inappropriate, incomplete, and erroneous information about vaccination. The results of this study will enable society to broaden its perspective on the administered vaccines. It can also assist the government and healthcare agencies in planning and implementing the vaccination's promotion on time to achieve the herd immunity provided by the vaccination.
Teacher agency in the reform of universal primary education in Uganda
Authors: Ogwang Tom Henry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough teacher agency is increasingly recognised by educationists in the Global South, it is not always well understood or accommodated in policy, as experienced with Universal Primary Education (UPE) reforms in Uganda. This empirical study analyses its role on the UPE reforms, the factors that shape it and its implications for curriculum making. The study adopted a qualitative case study of two UPE schools, utilising an ecological approach to understanding teacher agency. It found that UPE teachers in the selected schools were strongly achieving agency in their daily practice through different forms of ‘resistance’, ‘mitigation’ and ‘cooperation’. Their agency is being shaped by ecological factors comprising of their temporal dimensions mediated by the affordances and constraints of their cultures, structures and materials, with significant implications. The study concludes that stakeholders need to better explicate teacher agency in policy and scholarship.
Longer‐term impact of COVID‐19 among individuals with self‐reported eating disorders in the United States, the Netherlands, and Sweden
Authors: Termorshuizen Jet D. , Sun Quan , Borg Stina , Mantilla Emma F. , Goode Rachel W. , Peat Christine M. , Thornton Laura M. , Watson Hunna , van Furth Eric F. , Birgegård Andreas , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed eating disorder (ED) illness status, symptomatology, treatment access, anxiety, and depression in the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic among individuals with a pre‐existing ED in the United States (US), the Netherlands (NL), and Sweden (SE).MethodsParticipants completed online surveys in April–July 2020, at the early stage of the pandemic, and one year later. At one‐year follow‐up, we added questions addressing retrospective changes in ED symptoms, treatment, and anxiety/depression since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We present descriptive statistics and assess change in ED symptomatology, treatment, and anxiety/depression among those with an active or lingering ED.ResultsParticipants (US n = 132; NL n = 219; SE n = 702) were mostly young and female with a history of anorexia nervosa (>60% in all three countries). Across countries, respondents reported impact of COVID‐19 on ED symptoms at both time points, with improvement in US and NL at one‐year follow‐up, and stable but less impact on ED symptoms in SE. Furthermore, at one‐year follow‐up, roughly half of those in treatment reported reduced treatment access and quality, and the majority of the sample reported increased anxiety and depressive mood since the start of the pandemic.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the self‐perceived impact of COVID‐19 changed over time but remained concerning even one year after the start of the pandemic. Clinicians, community organizations, and policy makers are encouraged to address potentially changing treatment needs in the face of public health emergency events.Public SignificanceOur findings suggest that the impact of COVID‐19 on individuals with eating disorders decreased over time but remained concerning even one year after the start of the pandemic and that the impact differed across countries. Clinicians, community organizations, and policy makers are encouraged to incorporate this knowledge to address potentially changing treatment needs in the face of public health emergency events.
Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation by combination of light illumination and bias voltages toward anti‐virus coating applications
Authors: Shimakura Keita , Saeki Sho , Segawa Yuta , Kobayashi Taizo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, oxidative decomposition reaction of organic reactant on TiO2 surface was investigated under soaking conditions by combination of applying voltages and light illumination. Since carriers of TiO2 thin films originate from point defects such as oxygen vacancies, reactive carriers possibly exist on TiO2 thin films even under room light illuminating condition and dark condition. Thus, enhancement degrees of photooxidation by applying bias voltages onto TiO2 thin films were compared under dark, visible light illumination and UV illumination conditions. Bias voltages were applied to localize the photogenerated carriers at the vicinity of TiO2 surface for enhancing photooxidation. Sol‐gel derived TiO2 thin films with porous nano structure exhibited a stronger oxidative decomposition reaction than sputter‐deposited TiO2 thin films.
Microfabrication of surface acoustic wave devices with AlN thin film deposited on half‐inch quartz wafer
Authors: Nagano Asahi , Kitamura Kanato , Noda Shuichi , Murakami Sunao , Iguchi Kohei , Khumpuang Sommawan , Hara Shiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we have fabricated surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with six sets of interdigital transducers (IDTs) on half‐inch wafers of quartz with deposited thin films of aluminum nitride (AlN). Firstly, AlN thin films have been deposited by reactive sputtering in Ar‐N2gas mixture at 400°C with the high‐power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) system which was developed for microfabrication process in the localized clean environment with half‐inch wafer (Minimal Fab). After that, IDTs of Al thin films have been prepared on the AlN thin films. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the AlN thin films shows that the AlN films havec‐axis (002) orientation. Furthermore, the frequency responses have been measured with four paired IDTs of the SAW devices, which were selected from six sets of IDTs as an input electrode and an output electrode. These results show device properties responding to the design of the IDTs and also suggest the potential of the fabricated SAW devices as the four‐paralleled frequency filter and/or sensing system.
A comparison between hospital follow‐up and collaborative follow‐up in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Washida Koichi , Kato Takao , Ozasa Neiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Seko Yuta , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Shiba Masayuki , Kitai Takeshi , Yamashita Yugo , Taniguchi Ryoji , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Kawase Yuichi , Nishimoto Yuji , Kuragaichi Takashi , Hotta Kozo , Morinaga Takashi , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThere are no previous studies focusing on collaborative follow‐ups between hospitals and clinics for patients discharged after acute heart failure (AHF) in Japan. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of collaboration between hospitals and clinics for patients with AHF in Japan and to compare patient characteristics and clinical outcomes using a large Japanese observational database.Methods and resultsOf 4056 consecutive patients hospitalized for AHF in the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry, we analysed 2862 patients discharged to go home, who were divided into 1674 patients (58.5%) followed up at hospitals with index hospitalization (hospital follow‐up group) and 1188 (41.5%) followed up in a collaborative fashion with clinics or other general hospitals (collaborative follow‐up group). The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization within 1 year after discharge. Previous hospitalization for HF and length of hospital stay longer than 15 days were associated with hospital follow‐up. Conversely, ≥80 years of age, hypertension, and cognitive dysfunction were associated with collaborative follow‐up. The cumulative 1‐year incidence of the primary outcome, all cause death, and cardiovascular death were similar between the hospital and collaborative follow‐up groups (31.6% vs. 29.6%, P = 0.51, 13.1% vs, 13.9%, P = 0.35, 8.4% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.96). Even after adjusting for confounders, the difference in risk for patients in the hospital follow‐up group relative to those in the collaborative follow‐up group remained insignificant for the primary outcome, all‐cause death, and cardiovascular death (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.97–1.27, P = 0.14, HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.91–1.33, P = 0.33, HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.87–1.05, P = 0.33). The cumulative 1‐year incidence of HF hospitalization was higher in the hospital follow‐up group than in the collaborative follow‐up group (25.5% vs. 21.3%, P = 0.02). The risk of HF hospitalization was higher in the hospital follow‐up group than in the collaborative follow‐up group (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn patients hospitalized for AHF, 41.5% received collaborative follow‐up after discharge. The risk of HF hospitalization was higher in the hospital follow‐up group than in the collaborative follow‐up, although risk of the primary outcome, all‐cause death, and cardiovascular death were similar between groups.
Identification of differential methylome signatures of white pigmented skin patches in Nili Ravi buffalo of India
Authors: Gurao Ankita , Vasisth Rashi , Singh Ravinder , Dige Mahesh S. , Vohra Vikas , Mukesh Manishi , Kumar Sanjay , Kataria Ranjit S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe DNA methylation events mark a major epigenetic change in the genome, reflecting non‐genetic disease developments and varied phenotypes. The water buffalo is a dairy production animal with wide agro‐climatic distribution in India. Breed‐wise the coat color of water buffalo varies from ash‐gray to jet black. A typical pigmentation pattern is found in one of the breeds of North India, Nili Ravi, with variedly distributed white patches. The DNA methylation pattern could potentially reveal the epigenetic factors responsible for the pigmentation patterns. To address this question, the DNA isolated from the skin tissues of Nili Ravi with varied white pigmentation and black Murrah buffaloes was subjected to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. DNA methylation analysis revealed, 68.44%, 63.39%, and 47.94% of the promoter regions were hypermethylated in Nili Ravi over‐white versus Murrah, Nili Ravi under‐white versus Murrah, and Nili Ravi under‐white versus Nili Ravi over‐white, respectively. Major genes identified to be differentially methylated among over‐white and under‐white skin tissues in Nili Ravi included TBX2, SNAI2, HERC2, and CITED1. Overall the results have indicated differential methylation patterns to be potentially involved in hyper or hypopigmentation in Nili Ravi and Murrah buffaloes.
A numerical investigation of injector hole configuration and injection parameters in a dimethyl ether fueled DICI engine
Authors: Sahu Balram , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe lower calorific value of dimethyl ether (DME) is approximately 65% of that of diesel; therefore, a higher quantity of DME must be supplied per cycle to generate the same magnitude of power. A retrofitted DME‐fueled engine generally uses a longer fuel injection duration to provide the excess fuel mass. The present work seeks to find the most appropriate way to increase the mass flow rate of a DME‐fueled direct‐injected compression ignition engine by varying the number of nozzle holes, nozzle hole diameter, and injection pressure. The results show that increasing mass flow rate increases peak combustion pressure and heat release rate but decreases combustion duration. Increasing the number of injector holes increases indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) and exhaust emissions (NOx, HC, and CO) due to mixing between unburned fuel spray and neighboring combustion products. Increasing the nozzle hole diameter or fuel injection pressure increases spray tip penetration and improves fuel‐air mixing before combustion initiates. Increasing the nozzle hole diameter by merely 22 μm than the baseline injector reduces ISFC and exhaust emissions at a slightly retarded start of injection (SOI). However, the lowest ISFC was found at the 30 MPa injection pressure at the most advanced SOI, at the expense of higher NOx.
A hybrid approach for deriving horizontal site amplification factors considering both the similarity of HVSRE and the vertical amplification correction function
Authors: Wang Ziqian , Nakano Kenichi , Ito Eri , Kawase Hiroshi , Matsushima Shinichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnder hypothetical and idealized conditions, the horizontal site amplification factor (HSAF) is defined as the ratio of the horizontal Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) at a point on the Earth's surface with respect to the horizontal FAS at the identical location but on the outcropping seismological bedrock. The HSAF reflects the profile of local sedimentary soils and weathered rock formations, indicating site effects. In most cases, such an idealized HSAF is difficult to measure directly. Thus, quantitatively estimating a HSAF value is a crucial task in strong‐motion prediction over the last century. Fortunately, many strong‐motion stations have been constructed throughout Japan, facilitating the characterization of HSAFs down to seismological bedrock at more than 1600 observational sites by the generalized inversion technique (GIT). First, this study reported the similarity distribution of the HSAF and the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio of earthquakes (HVSRE). Subsequently, we proposed a hybrid method from a novel aspect for estimating HSAF in terms of the observed similarity distribution and the vertical amplification correction function (VACF) proposed previously. Compared with the direct use of HVSRE for substituting HSAF, the hybrid method proposed herein demonstrated an improvement of greater than 30% in terms of the residuals between estimated HSAFs and those separated from observations.
Mahuika‐Auckland: A spatially and temporally resolved fossil fuel CO2 emissions data product for Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Keller Elizabeth D. , Hilton Timothy W. , Benson Adrian , Karalliyadda Sapthala , Xie Shanju , Gurney Kevin R. , Turnbull Jocelyn C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccurate, high‐resolution and sector‐specific greenhouse gas emissions information is increasingly needed for the development of local, targeted mitigation policies. We describe a detailed, spatially and temporally resolved CO2 emissions data product, Mahuika‐Auckland, for Auckland, New Zealand, based on Auckland's regional greenhouse gas and air emissions inventories. Emissions are provided at 500 m spatial resolution and at a 1‐hr time step, a level of detail not previously available for any New Zealand city. We divide fossil fuel emissions into six sectors that comprise the majority of Auckland Region's CO2 emissions profile: on‐road transport, industrial non‐point buildings and point sources, commercial non‐point buildings, residential non‐point buildings, air transport and sea transport. We also include separate layers representing biogenic CO2 emissions (primarily waste and wood burning), as these are significant sources in Auckland. We distribute emissions spatially and temporally based on activity data, energy and fuel consumption patterns, and population statistics. The code to generate Mahuika‐Auckland has been designed to be flexible so that updated information and/or data from more recent years can easily be incorporated. This data product improves upon New Zealand's current inventories that are only resolved at the regional and annual scale, providing a new level of detail that can be used as a prior estimate for atmospheric inversions, to inform emissions reduction policies and to guide the development of zero carbon pathways.
International environmental complexity and the demand for generalists and specialists in executive selection
Authors: Vallone Tommaso , Elia Stefano , Greve Peder 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study investigates the selection of generalists and specialists as an organizational response to the complexity of firms' international operations. Drawing on the concept of executive job demands, we identify institutional ambiguity and economic sophistication as two distinct sources of country environmental complexity resulting from a firm's foreign investment and predict how they affect the selection of new executives at multinational firms. Our hypotheses associate institutional ambiguity and economic sophistication with the appointment of executives with generalist and specialist backgrounds, respectively. We also examine how the two sources of environmental complexity interact and test multiple alternative specifications to enhance our understanding of environmental complexity as a determinant of executive job demands in the context of international business. Our empirical analyses are performed on a sample of 436 executive appointments occurring in 132 UK‐based manufacturing firms, observed between 2008 and 2018. Findings show general support for our main hypotheses. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings as well as directions for future research.Managerial SummaryThis study suggests that companies operating across different international environments through their subsidiary operations will be exposed to distinct demands that vary according to the type of environmental complexity. Our results reveal that companies tend to appoint top managers with specialist backgrounds when their focus is on economically sophisticated environments, whereas top managers with generalist backgrounds tend to be preferred in institutionally ambiguous environments. Our findings enhance our understanding of the demand for executive generalists and specialists in the international business context by showing that top managers' backgrounds are matched with the prevailing type of complexity deriving from the international operations of the firm, thus, questioning the widely held notion that executive generalists are generally preferred over specialists. Our study has important implications for the composition of top management teams and the shaping of executive career paths at multinational firms.