bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐year persistent symptoms and functional impairment in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive and negative individuals
Authors: Nehme Mayssam , Braillard Olivia , Chappuis François , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Kaiser Laurent , Soccal Paola M. , Reny Jean‐Luc , Assal Frederic , Bondolfi Guido , Tardin Aglaé , Graf Christophe , Zekry Dina , Stringhini Silvia , Spechbach Hervé , Jacquerioz Frederique , Salamun Julien , Lador Frederic , Coen Matteo , Agoritsas Thomas , Benzakour Lamyae , Favale Riccardo , Genevay Stéphane , Lauper Kim , Meyer Philippe , Poku Nana K. , Landis Basile N. , Baggio Stéphanie , Grira Marwène , Sandoval José , Ehrsam Julien , Regard Simon , Genecand Camille , Kopp Garance , Guerreiro Ivan , Allali Gilles , Vetter Pauline , Guessous Idris ,   CoviCare Study Team
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 are prevalent weeks to months following the infection. To date, it is difficult to disentangle the direct from the indirect effects of SARS‐CoV‐2, including lockdown, social, and economic factors.ObjectiveThe study aims to characterize the prevalence of symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life at 12 months in outpatient symptomatic individuals tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to individuals tested negative.MethodsFrom 23 April to 27 July 2021, outpatient symptomatic individuals tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 at the Geneva University Hospitals were followed up 12 months after their test date.ResultsAt 12 months, out of the 1447 participants (mean age 45.2 years, 61.2% women), 33.4% reported residual mild to moderate symptoms following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared to 6.5% in the control group. Symptoms included fatigue (16% vs. 3.1%), dyspnea (8.9% vs. 1.1%), headache (9.8% vs. 1.7%), insomnia (8.9% vs. 2.7%), and difficulty concentrating (7.4% vs. 2.5%). When compared to the control group, 30.5% of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive individuals reported functional impairment at 12 months versus 6.6%. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with the persistence of symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1; 2.60–6.83) and functional impairment (aOR 3.54; 2.16–5.80) overall, and in subgroups of women, men, individuals younger than 40 years, those between 40–59 years, and in individuals with no past medical or psychiatric history.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 infection leads to persistent symptoms over several months, including in young healthy individuals, in addition to the pandemic effects, and potentially more than other common respiratory infections. Symptoms impact functional capacity up to 12 months post infection.
Evaluation of Delivering Breakfast After the Bell and Academic Performance Among Third‐Grade Children: An Application of the Synthetic Control Method
Authors: Cuadros‐Meñaca Andres , Thomsen Michael R. , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBreakfast after the bell (BAB), an alternative way to deliver breakfast after the school day begins, has been shown to increase participation in the School Breakfast Program. However, BAB occupies time that could otherwise be used for instruction and may affect academic performance. This study examined whether BAB affects math and literacy scores in third grade, an age not adequately studied in earlier literature.METHODSUsing data on Arkansas students, we compared schools adopting BAB to corresponding “synthetic” control schools by minimizing preadoption differences in observables that can influence test scores.RESULTSWe found little evidence of positive or negative effects on test scores. We also found little evidence of meaningful program effects over subsamples of schools by district enrollment size and BAB delivery method. Schools that adopted grab‐and‐go delivery and schools in districts with small enrollments, less than 600 students, showed statistically negative effects on math after BAB adoption. However, these effects were transitory and no longer present by the time the first fully exposed cohort reached third grade.CONCLUSIONSBAB can be incorporated into the school day without adversely impacting academic achievement, especially if adopting schools seek input from educators and nutrition personnel already experienced with BAB.
A cross‐sectional study of community‐level physician retention and hospitalization in rural Ontario, Canada
Authors: Mathews Maria , Ouédraogo Alexandra M. , Lam Melody , Gozdyra Peter , Green Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeMany rural communities experience poor family physician retention. We examined the association between community‐level physician retention and hospitalization for all causes and ambulatory care‐sensitive conditions (ACSCs) in 2017 among residents of rural communities in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study by linking administrative data from the public health insurance program in Ontario. To create the physician retention measure for each rural community, we divided the number of family physicians who worked in the community in both 2016 and 2017 by the total number of unique family physicians in the community in either year. We grouped retention level by tertile and added a fourth category, “no physician” to include communities that did not have any residing physicians in either 2016 or 2017. Outcomes were all‐cause hospitalization and ACSC hospitalization between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2018.FindingsAmong 1,436,794 rural residents, there were 93,752 all‐cause hospitalizations and 8,691 ACSC hospitalizations in 2017. After controlling for other predictors, compared to residents in low‐retention communities, residents of medium‐ and high‐retention communities were 0.888 (95% CI: 0.868‐0.909) and 0.937 (95% CI: 0.915‐0.960) times as likely to have all‐cause hospitalization, and residents of high‐retention communities were 0.918 (95% CI: 0.858‐0.981) times as likely to have ACSC hospitalization in 2017.ConclusionsCommunity‐level physician retention is significantly associated with all cause and ACSC hospitalization in rural communities in Ontario, and may serve as an alternate measure to assess the impact of disrupted continuity of care.
Evaluation of two spawning induction methods and effect of stocking density and microalgal diet composition on larval growth and survival of Pacific clam, Asaphis violascens (Forsskål, 1775)
Authors: Bolasina Sergio N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPacific clam, Asaphis violascens is a benthic species present in the Indo‐pacific region. It is very much appreciated as food by the local community and its population is diminishing due to overfishing. The aim of this research is to establish suitable rearing conditions for its spawning and larviculture. Two different spawning induction methods were used, emersion and thermal shock. Two stocking densities of larvae were tested (10 and 20 larvae/mL) and three different microalgae diets, one consisting of Tisochrysis lutea as a single species diet and the other two with Ti. lutea combined with Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis suecica. Emersion of clams was established as a successful spawning induction method. Larval development of A. violascens is similar to other tropical bivalves, having a 10‐day planktonic period at 28°C. An initial stocking density of 10 larvae/mL showed significantly higher (p < .05) survival rate. No significant differences (p > .05) in growth and survival were found between the diets, proving that the use of Ti. lutea alone or mixed is suitable for their nutrition. The results presented could contribute to the implementation of restorative aquaculture farms in the region, helping to mitigate food security issues in the communities and collaborating with the establishment of healthier coastal ecosystems.
Association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of dementia: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Gi‐Ae , Oh Chi Hyuk , Kim Jung Wook , Jeong Su Jin , Oh In‐Hwan , Lee Jin San , Park Key‐Chung , Shim Jae‐Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsLittle is known about the association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Given that hepatic steatosis is linked to abnormal fat metabolism, and fat dysregulation in the brain is related to dementia, we aimed to investigate whether NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of dementia.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study involving 4 031 948 subjects aged 40–69 years who underwent ≥2 health check‐ups provided by the National Health Insurance Service in Korea between January 2004 and December 2007. Based on the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), subjects were categorized into non‐NAFLD (HSI <30 at all check‐ups) and NAFLD (HSI >36 at one or more check‐ups). Dementia defined by ICD‐10 codes with prescription data was followed up until December 2017. Cox proportional hazards regression models analysed the dementia risk.ResultsAt baseline, 31.3% had NAFLD. During the median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 138 424 in NAFLD group and 69 982 in non‐NAFLD group developed dementia. NAFLD group was associated with a higher risk of dementia than non‐NAFLD group on multivariable‐adjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; p < .001), competing risk analysis (HR, 1.08; p < .001) and propensity‐score matched analysis (HR, 1.09; p < .001). The association between NAFLD and dementia risk was more prominent among females (HR, 1.16; p < .001). The association was stronger among non‐obese NAFLD subjects (BMI <25 kg/m2, HR, 1.09; p < .001) than obese NAFLD subjects.ConclusionsThis nationwide study found that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of dementia. The association was prominent among females and non‐obese NAFLD subjects.
Kiwifruit MYBS1‐like and GBF3 transcription factors influence l‐ascorbic acid biosynthesis by activating transcription of GDP‐L‐galactose phosphorylase 3
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Wu Rongmei , Bulley Sean M. , Zhong Caihong , Li Dawei 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Plant‐derived Vitamin C (l‐ascorbic acid (AsA)) is crucial for human health and wellbeing and thus increasing AsA content is of interest to plant breeders. In plants GDP‐l‐galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is a key biosynthetic control step and here evidence is presented for two new transcriptional activators of GGP.

AsA measurement, transcriptomics, transient expression, hormone application, gene editing, yeast 1/2‐hybrid, and electromobility shift assay (EMSA) methods were used to identify two positively regulating transcription factors.

AceGGP3 was identified as the most highly expressed GGP in Actinidia eriantha fruit, which has high fruit AsA. A gene encoding a 1R‐subtype myeloblastosis (MYB) protein, AceMYBS1, was found to bind the AceGGP3 promoter and activate its expression. Overexpression and gene‐editing show AceMYBS1 effectively increases AsA accumulation. The bZIP transcription factor AceGBF3 (a G‐box binding factor), also was shown to increase AsA content, and was confirmed to interact with AceMYBS1. Co‐expression experiments showed that AceMYBS1 and AceGBF3 additively promoted AceGGP3 expression. Furthermore, AceMYBS1, but not GBF3, was repressed by abscisic acid, resulting in reduced AceGGP3 expression and accumulation of AsA.

This study sheds new light on the roles of MYBS1 homologues and ABA in modulating AsA synthesis, and adds to the understanding of mechanisms underlying AsA accumulation.
Tandem mass tag‐based proteomic analysis of endoplasmic reticulum proteins in mulberry leaves under ultraviolet‐B and dark stress
Authors: Liu Shengzhi , Ou Yuting , Li Yaohan , Sulaiman Kaisa , Tao Minglei , Shawky Eman , Tian Jingkui , Zhu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulberry leaves have been used in traditional Chinese medicine due to their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic properties. A previous study showed that ultraviolet‐B radiation followed by dark incubation could improve the contents of active ingredients in mulberry leaves, such as moracin N and chalcomoracin. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a protein quality control center and the location for protein synthesis, which is involved in the response to the environmental stress in plants. To investigate the mechanisms in response to ultraviolet‐B radiation followed by dark incubation (UV + D), ER proteomics was performed on mulberry leaves. The ER protein markers, glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78), and calnexin (CNX), were significantly higher in the ER fraction than in the total protein fraction, indicating that the ER was purified. Compared to the control, the abundance of protein disulfide isomerase, UDP‐glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, CNX, and calreticulin proteins decreased, while of the abundance of heat shock‐related proteins increased under stress. P450 enzyme system‐related proteins and ribosomal proteins showed significant increases. These results suggest that under UV + D stress, mulberry leaves activated the cell redox and ER quality control systems, enhancing protein synthesis and weakening N‐glycan biosynthesis in the ER to resist the damage.
Trade liberalization, domestic reforms, and income inequality: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Liu Judith , Lai Mei‐Ying , Liu Zong‐Shin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates the effects of trade liberalization on household income inequality and investigates whether trade liberalization or domestic reforms are the main factors influencing increasing inequality in Taiwan, a middle‐income open economy. We construct an empirical model by decomposing the sources of household disposable income in the quintile ratio and separate trade partners into OECD (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development) and non‐OECD countries. Using time‐series data to estimate the long‐run effect, we find that net exports to OECD countries increase inequality, whereas net exports to non‐OECD countries insignificantly decrease inequality. This finding diverges from the prediction based on the Stolper–Samuelson theorem. Overall, trade liberalization increases income inequality, and the effect is mainly attributed to net exports to OECD countries. Moreover, we provide evidence that domestic reforms, particularly technological progress in favor of skilled labor and industrial structural change, rather than trade liberalization, are the main driving forces of income inequality.
Exploring the driving mechanism and the evolution of the low‐carbon economy transition: Lessons from OECD developed countries
Authors: Yu Bolin , Fang Debin , Kleit Andrew N. , Xiao Kun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe low‐carbon transition involves achieving the coordinated development between economic development and carbon reduction. This paper utilises an integrated decomposition and econometric framework to reveal the influence mechanism and convergence evolution of carbon emission intensity (CEI) across 29 OECD countries in the period 1992–2018. The country‐level low‐carbon transition efforts are then investigated. The results imply that: (1) The reduction in CEI is primarily attributed to the changes in economic development and energy intensity. The carbon emission coefficient effect also negatively influences CEI. The impact of energy consumption per capita, however, is negligible. (2) According to econometric analysis, energy intensity, energy mix, carbon emissions per capita and energy use per capita have positive impacts on CEI. Specially, GDP per capita shows an inverted U‐shaped curve relationship with CEI. (3) There is evidence of convergence in CEI across developed countries. Energy intensity plays a crucial role in accelerating the CEI convergence process, implying a half‐life of 3 years. (4) Fifteen European countries have made strong low‐carbon transition efforts among all countries. Denmark has made the largest efforts, South Korea the least. This study provides important implications for low‐carbon economy transition.
The West’s Teeth: IMF conditionality during the Cold War
Authors: Akerman Ariel , Pessoa João Paulo , Weller Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDid the International Monetary Fund (IMF) play a role in the United States and its Western allies efforts to contain the advance of communism during the Cold War? To answer this question, we construct a new database containing the number of conditions applied to over 500 IMF loans since 1970 and analyse how the distance from a borrowing country to its closet communist neighbour affected the IMF conditionality. We show that the Fund imposed fewer conditions on loans to countries geographically closer to the communist bloc. Results are stronger when neighbouring communist countries were not part of the Warsaw Pact. This pattern persisted during the 1990s, when the Fund helped former communist countries in their transition to market economies. However, we find no strong evidence of such discretionary treatment by the IMF after 2001, when the containment of communism had ceased to be the West's top priority.
The impact of trade preferences removal: Evidence from the Belarus Generalized System of Preferences withdrawal
Authors: Gnutzmann Hinnerk , Gnutzmann‐Mkrtchyan Arevik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnder the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), high‐income countries grant unilateral trade preferences to developing countries. These preferences are subject to political conditionality, but little is known about the trade impact of loss of preferential access. We study the EU's complete withdrawal of GSP preferences from Belarus in 2007 in response to labour rights violations to fill this void. The withdrawal caused a significant drop in trade for affected products (25%–27% trade decline) and some trade reduction at the extensive margin. For products where trade was affected at the intensive margin, there is some evidence of adjustment through falls in quantities but also through prices for larger export sectors. The impact was uneven across sectors, with textiles and plastics particularly strongly affected by the withdrawal.
Ex vivo comparison of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomography arthrography to identify artificial soft tissue lesions in equine stifles
Authors: Aßmann Anton D. , Ohlerth Stefanie , Suárez Sánchez‐Andráde José , Torgerson Paul R. , Bischofberger Andrea S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVETo determine the diagnostic performance of computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting artificial meniscal, meniscotibial ligament (MTL) lesions and cruciate ligament (CL) lesions in horses.STUDY DESIGNEx vivo controlled laboratory study.ANIMALSNineteen stifles from adult horses.METHODSStablike defects (n = 84) (16 mm long, 10 mm deep) were created in the menisci (n = 35), CLs (n = 24), and MTLs (n = 25) via arthroscopy prior to MRI and CTA (80 mL contrast at 85 mg/mL per joint). Two radiologists, unaware of the lesions, reached a consensus regarding the presence of lesions, based on 2 reviews of each study. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI and CTA were determined using arthroscopy as a reference and compared with McNemar's tests.RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of MRI (41% and 86% respectively) and CTA (32% and 90% respectively) did not differ (P = .65). The sensitivity (MRI: 24%‐50%; CTA:19%‐40%) and specificity (MRI: 75%‐92%; CTA 75%‐100%) of imaging modalities did not differ when detecting lesions of the menisci, MTLs, and CLs (P = .1‐1.0). The highest sensitivities were achieved when MTLs were evaluated with MRI (50%) and CLs with both modalities (40%).CONCLUSIONSThe diagnostic performance of CTA was comparable with that of MRI, with a low to moderate sensitivity and high specificity.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEComputed tomographic arthrography should be considered as an adjunct to diagnose CL injuries. This is important for equine clinicians, as the CL cannot be visualized adequately using basic imaging techniques preoperatively.
Time to kill the beast – Importance of taxa, concentration and timing during application of glyphosate to knotweeds
Authors: Kadlecová Martina , Vojík Martin , Kutlvašr Josef , Berchová‐Bímová Kateřina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKnotweeds (Fallopia spp., syn. Reynoutria spp.) are among the most invasive plants globally, mainly due to their ability to regenerate from rhizomes and their extremely high biomass production. Spraying with glyphosate is a common control method, yet little is known about its effectiveness on underground rhizomes. In addition, there are concerns about the negative environmental impact of glyphosate. Therefore, it is essential to use appropriate dosages and application times to avoid overuse. Based on a pot trial and field experiments, we assessed the effectiveness of glyphosate concentration, application time, and influence of glyphosate on rhizomes from different soil depths to determine their effect on the aboveground and belowground parts of knotweed plants of different taxa. The study demonstrates that sampling rhizomes is a more consistently accurate indicator of knotweed regeneration rate than sampling shoots. Regeneration of shoots and rhizomes was affected differently by glyphosate spraying depending on the application time. The effect on rhizomes was much greater with early season spraying than late season spraying, which primarily reduced shoot biomass. However, no differences were found between rhizome vitality at different soil depths. F. sachalinensis was sufficiently controlled by early season foliar spray with 5% glyphosate (3.65 kg a.i. ha−1) in contrast to F. japonica and F. ×bohemica. For rapid and targeted control, early season foliar spray with 8% glyphosate (5.85 kg a.i. ha−1) is needed and, in the case of the hybrid, for a minimum of two consecutive seasons.
Progresses in Particle-Laden Flows Simulations in Multistage Turbomachinery With OpenFOAM
Authors: Oliani Stefano , Friso Riccardo , Casari Nicola , Pinelli Michele , Suman Alessio , Carnevale Mauro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Numerical simulations of particle-laden flows have received growing attention in the last decade, due to the broad spectrum of industrial applications in which discrete phases prediction is of interest. Among these, ingestion of particles by turbomachinery is an area that is seeing vivid research and studies. The most common technique to tackle this kind of problem is the Eulerian–Lagrangian method, in which individual particles are tracked inside the domain. At the same time, in multistage turbomachinery simulation interfaces are needed to couple the flow solution in adjacent domains in relative motion. In this work, an open-source extension for Lagrangian simulations in multistage rotating machines is presented in the foam-extend environment. First, a thorough discussion of the implementation is presented, with particular emphasis on particle passage through general grid interfaces (GGI) and mixing planes. Moreover, a mass-conservative particle redistribution technique is described, as such a property is requested at interfaces between multiple reference frame (MRF). The peculiarities of the algorithm are then shown in a relevant test case. Eventually, three turbomachinery applications are presented, with growing complexity, to show the capabilities of the numerical code in real-life applications. Simulation results in terms of erosion and impacts on aerodynamic surfaces are also presented as examples of possible parameters of interest in particle-laden flow computations.