bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Oil and Gas Industry in Meeting Climate Goals Through Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization CCUS
Authors: Islam Raka , Sohel Rayhana Nayema , Hasan Faruque 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The near-linear relationship between anthropogenic CO2 emission and global warming is a major cause of concern among scientists. Achieving a low carbon future requires a new approach to providing energy solutions. This paper reviews the advancements in CCUS technology and actions of the oil and gas industry actively participating in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS). CCUS has been identified to play a key role in achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement.
Oil and gas industry has been using CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) for many years which removes some CO2 permanently from the atmosphere. Currently there are more than 150 CO2 EOR projects in place worldwide. Additionally, the major oil and gas companies are stepping up to further remove CO2 from the environment through Direct Air Capture (DAC), Carbonate Fuel Cells etc.
This paper discusses a few of the CCUS projects undertaken by some major oil and gas companies. Many companies are investing in startups, national research institutes and other ventures with proven viable technologies for carbon capture such as DAC and fuel cell technology. It is too early to say which of these technologies will emerge as the most superior one. Therefore, investing in different technologies and continuing with the established practices is the more fitting approach. The recent changes in 45Q tax credit in the USA is going to entice even more investors to approach CCUS as a commercially attractive venture.
There is currently a lot of pressure from government and public to minimize CO2 emission in all industries and this will only increase with time. Oil and Gas industry is investing heavily on CCUS projects and are therefore best equipped to transition to carbon management companies. The end goal is to make the industry profitable while also safeguarding the environment.
Reduction of Casing Failure Risk via SMART Adjustment of Casing Design and/or Downhole Practices
Authors: Noshi Christine Ikram , Amani Mahmood 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Casing failure incidents have been on the rise since the 70's. An alarming rate of up to 50% of offshore wells in GOM have experienced some degree of casing failure, not to mention, numerous reports of onshore and offshore incidents worldwide. What has been done to mitigate its aftermaths? Most of the attempts to flag or mitigate casing failures were physics-based solutions; analytical, experimental, or numerical, that tackles one or few aspects on a small scale. However, those former studies were found to perform unreliably and did not attain wide-scale execution, mainly, due to the dynamic complexity of the underlying problem. One cannot help but wonder till when the industry is going to turn a blind eye to this global problem.
What am I bringing to the table, then? Simply, an automated solution, based on ensemble models focusing on resolving the infamous casing fatigue problem. This avant-garde solution accounts for potential risk factors and their impact on the probability of casing failure, using them to construct the proposed automated casing failure mitigation framework based on a two-step prediction-correction procedure. This research proposes two different schemes or scenarios that can be followed for mitigating casing failure. Namely, adjusting downhole practices (e.g., Doglegs, Frac. Temp., Cement Support, etc.) that impose high risk of casing failure while maintaining the initial casing string design or adjusting casing design (e.g., Size, Length, Grade, etc.) according to encountered downhole conditions while maintaining downhole practices as is. However, the workflow proposed in this paper is based on Scheme I, where downhole practices is adjusted based upon downhole conditions during cyclic operations. As such, the focus of the study is on highlighting potential casing fatigue estimators for different parts of the casing during such operations. The model uses data aggregated from several sources from both failed and non-failed wells and has been tested on the data set managing to reduce the overall outcome occurrence to "Low".
It is the feedback step in the adopted "prediction-correction" scheme that gives the edge to the proposed workflow in this study over other data-driven workflows existing in literature, specifically, in the area of tubular and casing failures. Following this two-step procedure, the proposed tool can handle the risk of casing failure proactively rather than reactively. This, in turn, could potentially give the allowance for drillers and drilling engineers to adjust their design specifications in to avoid or mitigate potential casing failure.
Analysis of Crossdipole Sonic Data for an Intelligent Targeting of Stack Pay in the Permian Basin
Authors: Sinha Bikash , Mohamed Farid , Xu Lili , Malpani Raj , Fisher Kevin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Horizontal placement of a producer well plays an important role in the efficient production of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs. The preferred placement of a producer well is based on the available information about the presence of natural fractures and formation stresses. Identifying the depth intervals with natural fractures and the relative magnitudes of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses enables us to intelligently place a producer well that will support effective hydraulic fractures for enhanced hydrocarbon production.
Crossdipole sonic data can be processed to output the fast- and slow-dipole flexural dispersions. The fast dipole flexural dispersion can be inverted to obtain C55, C66, C33, and C13, whereas the slow dipole flexural dispersion can be inverted to obtain C44 (&lt;C55) and C23. Relative magnitudes of the three shear moduli C44, C55, and C66 provide orientations of the natural fractures primarily_oriented along the axial or cross-sectional planes of the vertical pilot well superposed on the transversely isotropic (TI) constants C44 = C55, and C66 for an organic shale reservoir. Relative magnitudes of C23 and C13 can help to identify the ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses as a function of depth.
This workflow has been applied to crossdipole sonic data acquired in a vertical pilot well drilled in the Permian Basin. This well traverses several identifiable lithologies with varying amounts of illite, chlorite, quartz, calcite, dolomite, kerogen, oil saturation, and unbounded water. The upper portion of the logged interval exhibits crossdipole slowness anisotropy, implying C55 &gt; C44. The presence of crossdipole shear slowness anisotropy indicates a dominance of vertically aligned fractures in this logged interval. The lower portion of the logged interval displays TI constants typically associated with an organic shale reservoir characterized by C66 &gt; C55 = C44. In contrast, the upper portion of the logged interval is characterized by C66 nearly equal to C55 or even less than C55, caused by the presence of vertical fractures dominating the TI anisotropy effects on the shear moduli. Moreover, differences between C13 and C23 are more pronounced in the upper fractured interval, implying differences between the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses.
More detailed 3D finite-element stress analysis of horizontal stress distributions in an upper depth interval confirms the presence of interspersed stiff and compliant layers. Significant variations of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses in these layers are potential barriers to the hydraulic fracture propagation in the vertical direction. These observations suggest a need to account for such variations in the hydraulic fracture models and might require multiple laterals for an efficient drainage of hydrocarbons from this reservoir.
The Use of Localized Well-Drainage Reservoir Pressure Model in Optimum Fracture Design
Authors: Ekeregbe Merit P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study is to determine the effective use of localized reservoir pressure of each well drainage area in a multi-well reservoir system model to determine optimum fracturing design for production improvement.
A static bottom-hole pressure (BHP) survey may present different values for each well draining from the same reservoir but these different pressure values have not been incorporated into determining the performance of each individual well based on the pressure as seen by each well, rather an indeterminate average reservoir pressure is used. Fracturing as a concept of increasing reservoir permeability will further expose the well to reservoir pressure as seen by the individual well than the assumed single-value reservoir-wide pressure. This is so except when the fracture half-length is equal to the drainage length of the reservoir, connecting the whole reservoir to justify the single reservoir pressure effect if it is a single-well reservoir system. In reality, many reservoirs are multi-well reservoir systems and this simplified assumption may pose some drawbacks. The damaged wellbore area may truly be more exposed to the localized reservoir pressure as seen by the well than the apparent reservoir single value pressure assumed to determine drawdown and damage. In a multi-well reservoir system with each well-drainage area subjected to different reservoir pressures than the single reservoir pressure, fracturing and stimulation candidates screening may not present the actual effect of each well-drainage area static reservoir pressure.
This paper is to present a new model that incorporates the average reservoir pressure for whole reservoir system and the reservoir pressure as seen by individual wells in the determination of the drawdown and damage. The knowledge of the different pressures in different well locations in the reservoir system will be utilized to present a linear flow model in well fracturing to enhance better well performance.
With this new model, the actual and more realistic damage estimation and ways to achieve a linear flow for optimum performance through fracturing will be better understood. The effect of other flowing wells on the skin of the candidate well will enhance a better planning than is done now because the existing formulations are done with a single-well reservoir system in mind; no account for contributing skin of other flowing wells in the industry applied model approaches.
Implementation of an Optimized Solution using a Cloud-Based Production Data Management System for Production Operations
Authors: Tello Bahamon Cristhian Camilo , Claib Meinhardt Amin Adolfo , Perez de la Cruz Francisco , Ramirez Olarte Hector Eric , Soberanes Hernandez Roberto Eduardo , Lozano Henry Andrey , Sena de Lima Jesley , Vasquez Garcia Claudia , Garibay Francisco , Gomez John , Gonzalez Ordonez Abraham , Parra Javier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Major oil and gas operators often face performance issues related to on-premises applications when dealing with huge amounts of data. A cloud-based digital solution was developed for an oil and gas company in Colombia to upgrade the production data management system (PDMS) by migrating from on-premises to a secure cloud-based environment, enhancing the performance of the solution and the remote access experience for end users.
This implementation was carried out under a cloud-based infrastructure using a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) scheme, which includes middleware, database management systems, and backup services. The user access to the PDMS is through virtual desktop services, which enables load balancing of the users to avoid performance issues. The performance of the previous infrastructure was evaluated and considered when designing the new architecture, the database sizing, licensing, and integration with third-party applications. The data from the on-premises solution were analyzed and validated to guarantee correspondence with the cloud-based solution, and both solutions were run in parallel to verify consistency and reliability. The release of the cloud-based application was done in stages, with a stabilization period during which any issues could be detected and corrected.
The PDMS solution was improved by faster data processing, reducing the execution time of calculation and allocation processes by 50%, while some heavy processes as data carry forward reached a 90% reduction. Enhancements included the generation of complex reports, such as hierarchy production allocation results, that did not run on the on-premises servers. As a result of this implementation, the application can be accessed from a personal computer as well as from a mobile phone, allowing the user access from any place or device, without security risks. The cloud-based solution reduced OPEX and increased flexibility due to lower maintenance costs for physical infrastructure and the cloud server's capacity based on demand.
The conformational impact of eliminating the C-terminal peptide extension from IMPDH1- 604 retinal isoform via experimental and molecular dynamics simulation approaches
Authors: Ebli Parisa Elyasi , Yazdanparast Razieh , Gharaghani Sajjad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa, a blindness with acquired and hereditary origins, includes 2 percent of global cases of blindness. RP10, a gene involved in autosomal dominant form of the RP, encodes for isoform 1 of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH1). IMPDH1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the purine nucleotide de novo synthesis pathway, retinal isoforms are identified as the root cause of observing diverse phenotypes of IMPDH1 mutations in other tissue cells in comparison to the retinal photoreceptors. Considering previously reported significant varied kinetic activity among retinal isoforms, the central focus of the current article is prediction of possible structural explanations. The recombinant 604-isoform lacking carboxyl terminus peptide fragment has been used in proteolytic digestion with α-Chymotrypsin as a means of detecting intermolecular interactions. Dimer models of wild type 604-isoform were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our results indicated that a 604-isoform lacking C-terminal peptide tends to have a more accessible surface and thus a more rapid proteolysis. Our computational data predict a possible spontaneous inhibition due to formation of a novel helix in GTP binding site in the engineered protein.
Culture Negative Extra Pulmonary Spinal Tuberculosis – a New Challenge
Authors: Taha Ali , Houston Angela , Ajayi Bisola , Hamdan Thamer , Bishop Timothy , Bernard Jason , Lui Darren F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary Tuberculosis(TB) can be detected by sputum cultures. However, Extra-Pulmonary Spinal Tuberculosis(EPSTB), diagnosis is challenging as it relies on retrieving samples. It is usually discovered in the late stages of presentation due to its slow onset and vague early presentation. Difficulty in detecting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria from specimens is well documented. Diagnostic imaging is helpful to initiate therapy, but growing incidence of multi-drug resistant TB adds further challenges. MethodsA retrospective analysis of cases from the Infectious Disease database with EPSTB between 01/01/2015 to 31/01/2020. Two groups were compared, Culture-Negative TB(CNTB) and Culture-Positive TB(CPTB). Results31 cases were identified with EPSTB. 68%(n=21) were male. 55%(n=17) were Asian, 19%(n=6) were black and 16%(n=5) were white. 90.4%(n=28) patients presented with isolated EPSTB symptoms. No patient had evidence of HBV/HCV/HIV infections. CPTB Group was 51.6%(n=16) compared to CNTB with 48.4%(n=15) 48%(15) lumbar involvement, 42%(n=13) thoracic and 10%(n=3) cervical. 38.7%(n=12) patients presented with late neurology, equally in both groups. 56% CPTB patients showed signs of vertebral involvement on X-rays compared to 13.3% in CNTB patients. 68.7% CPTB patients had pathological changes seen on CT scan compared to 53.3% of CNTB patients. 81% of CPTB showed positive MRI and 86% in CNTB. Both groups were treated with Anti-TB medications. 83% patients were followed up till the end of the treatment course. 22.5%(n=7) patients had Ultrasound-guided aspiration.29%(n=9) patients required surgery. ConclusionTB continues to be a growing problem in the developed world specially with patients travelling from endemic regions. Thoracolumbar region was most commonly affected(90%). Approximately 50% of cases of extrapulmonary spinal TB were culture negative. Neurological deficit occurred in 40% patients. 30% of patients required surgery. Anti-TB treatment was however effective in all cases. No drug-resistant variants noted. MRI imaging remains the superior diagnostic test in the presence of high CN EPSTB.
Photoaging of polystyrene microspheres causes oxidative alterations to surface physicochemistry and enhances airway epithelial toxicity
Authors: Hayek Eliane El , Castillo Eliseo , In Julie G. , Parra Amalia S. , Garcia Marcus , Cerrato Jose , Brearley Adrian , Gonzalez-Estrella Jorge , Herbert Guy , Bleske Barry , Benavidez Angelica , Hsiao Hsuan , Yin Lei , Campen Matthew J. , Yu Xiaozhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Microplastics represent an emerging environmental contaminant, with large gaps in our understanding of human health impacts from the myriad types of plastics. Furthermore, environmental factors may modify the plastic chemistry, further altering the toxic potency. Ultraviolet light is an unavoidable factor for airborne microplastic particulates and a known modifier of polystyrene surface chemistry. How such modifications impact the toxicity of polystyrene microparticles is unclear. As an experimental model, we aged commercially-available polystyrene microspheres for five weeks with ultraviolet radiation, then compared the cellular responses in A549 lung cells to both pristine and irradiated particulates. Results: Photoaging altered the surface morphology of irradiated microspheres and increased the intensities of polar groups on the near-surface region of the particles as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and by fitting of high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy C 1s spectra, respectively. Even at low concentrations (1-30 µg/ml), photoaged microspheres at 1 and 5 µm in diameter exerted more pronounced biological responses in the A549 cells than was caused by pristine microspheres. High-content imaging analysis revealed S and G2 cell cycle accumulation and morphological changes, which were also more pronounced in A549 cells treated with photoaged microspheres, and further influenced by the size, dose, and time of exposures. Polystyrene microspheres reduced intracellular barrier integrity and slowed regrowth in a wound healing assay in a manner dependent on dose, photoaging, and size of the microsphere. Conclusions: UV-photoaging enhanced the toxicity of polystyrene microspheres in A549 cells. Understanding the influence of weathering and environmental aging, along with size, shape, and chemistry, on biocompatibility of microplastics may be an essential consideration for incorporation of different plastics in products.
A seven-year surveillance of epidemiological trends of Serratia marcescens with different infection types in a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhu Qingtang , Chen Caiyun , Ge Zijun , Zang Feng , Yang Yue , Zhang Yongxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the trend of detection and antimicrobial resistance of Serratia marcescens with different infection types for 7 consecutive years, to provide a reference for future studies for the control of S. marcescens infections and a rational selection of antibiotics.Methods: S. marcescens isolates were collected from 2014 to 2020, and the trend of detection and antimicrobial resistance were analyzed according to different types of infection.Results: For 7 consecutive years, the data showed that patients with S. marcescens infections were mainly from the intensive care unit (ICU) (384 isolates, 40.98%), and the isolates recovered were mainly from sputum samples (743 isolates, 79.30%). The number of isolated strains increased every year, and the average rate of detection ranged from 0.60% to 0.80%. The detection rate of S. marcescens with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) showed a downward trend and that of S. marcescens with colonization showed an upward trend. The detection rate of multidrug-resistant S. marcescens fluctuated between 8.33%–16.89%. The resistance rate of S. marcescens to piperacillin was 17.0%–29.06% and the resistance rate to piperacillin tazobactam was 2.95%–13.13%. For cephalosporin antibiotics, the resistance rates of S. marcescens to cefuroxime and cefazolin were >99% and the resistance rates to ceftazidime and cefepime were <13%. The resistance rate of S. marcescens to aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially amikacin, was the lowest. The resistance rate of S. marcescens with community-acquired infections (CAI) to carbapenems was higher than that with HAI and colonization.Conclusion: The different infection types of S. marcescens have different detection and epidemic trends. In addition, resistance to carbapenems is different across the strains.
RETRACTED: Prioritization of critical areas on hydrological response unit level for sediment and nutrient loss control in a river basin of India
Authors: Khalkho Dhiraj , Tripathi M. P. , Patel S , Kumar Rohitashw , Kumar Love , Sagar Atish , Singh Prashant , Singh Vijay Kumar , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Elbeltagi Elbeltagi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.