bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Oxadiazon and Oxyfluorfen for Weed Control in Container-Grown Ornamentals1
Authors: Creager R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During 1978 and 1979, oxadiazon [2-ferf-butyl-4-(2-,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] were evaluated on 7 species of container-grown ornamentals for full season weed control, phytotoxicity, and final plant size. Based on these experiments, both herbicides provided 75% or better weed control for a 4 month period when applied at recommended and higher rates. Neither herbicide caused any significant plant injury to the 7 species when applied at 4 times the recommended rate. The largest plants were produced in containers treated with the herbicide rates providing the best weed control, and also in the weeded controls.
Influence of Potassium on the Growth, Flowering, and Chemical Composition of Greenhouse Roses Grown in Recirculating Nutrient Solutions1
Authors: Woodson William R. , Boodley James W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Forever Yours’ roses (Rosa Hybrid Tea) were grown in recirculating nutrient solutions at 0.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 meq K/liter. Low K supply (0.25 and 2.5 meq/liter) reduced growth, flower production, and length of flowering stems. Leaf K concentration was reduced at the lowest K concentration in solution. Increasing K concentration in solution from 0.25 to 10.0 meq/liter had no antagonistic effect on the accumulation of Ca or Mg in the leaves. Plants which received 0.25 meq K/liter developed K deficiency symptoms after 5 weeks of growth in treatment solutions.
Influence of Production and Postharvest Light Levels on the Interior Performance of Two Species of Scheffleras1
Authors: Braswell John H. , Blessington Thomas M. , Price James A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brassaia actinophylla Endl. was larger in growth and better in quality when produced under 828 and 414 μE m−2s−1. Schefflera arboricola Hayata ex Kanehira increased in growth and quality when produced under 414 and 276 μE m−2s−1. Both species increased in growth and generally maintained good quality after a post holding period in an interior environment. Plants produced under the lower production light levels maintained good growth after 3 months indoors under interior light levels of 24, 16 and 8 μE m−2s−1. S. arboricola maintained better quality than B. actinophylla when hdd under the lowest interior light level.
Ecotypic Differences in Heat Resistance of Aspen Leaves1
Authors: Peck Kathleen M. , Wallner Stephen J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heat resistance of aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves was assessed by stressing leaf discs in vitro and measuring electrolyte leakage. Leaves were obtained from trees growing at elevations of 1960, 2195, and 2454 m. Heat tolerance was greatest in leaf samples from trees growing at the lowest site. Trees propagated from these sites and grown at 1520 m for 2 years showed some increase in heat tolerance, but apparent ecotypic differences persisted.
Relationship between Guard Cell Length and Ploidy in Vaccinium1
Authors: Chandler C. K. , Lyrene P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Guard cells tended to be shortest for diploid species and longest for hexaploids, but there was so much plant-to-plant variation both within ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid) and within species that guard cell length was not a reliable indicator of ploidy level of individual plants.
Germination of Stored Cranberry Seed on Three Media
Authors: Stone Eric G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of 4 cranberry lines (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) stored for 9 months at 2–5°C germinated similarly on media of sand, sphagnum peat, and 1:1 sand-peat mixture under greenhouse mist. Differences among selections were attributed to dormancy.
Surface Features of a Novel Peach X Nectarine Hybrid1
Authors: Okie W. R. , Prince V. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit of 3 of 70 trees from a cross of ‘Pekin’ peach x ‘Durbin’ nectarine [(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)] had a dull, slightly rough surface intermediate in appearance to the shiny, smooth surface of a nectarine and the pubescent surface of a peach. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the epidermis revealed short, often multicellular, papillae 20–80 μm in length but no long hairs of the normal 200–500 μm length. Fruit buds on the three trees were glabrous in contrast to the pubescent buds of peaches and nectarines.
Supercooling Young Developing Fruit and Floral Buds in Deciduous Orchards1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Andrews P. K. , Gross Dennis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Young developing fruit of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch], sweet cherry (P. avium L.), plum (P. domestica L.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.), supercooled to −5 to −8°C if detached from the woody tissues whereas attached fruit supercooled only to −2 to −3.8°. Ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria raised the nucleation temperature of detached fruit. Ice crystals appeared to form within the vascular system and then advance by progressive crystal growth into all the fruit on a single stem. In peach attached buds lost their ability to supercool when they reached full bloom.
Vine Production from Tuber Pieces of Various Sizes and Sections of Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)1
Authors: Quamina J. E. , Phills B. R. , Hill W. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vine production from proximal and middle tuber sections of yam (Dioscorea alata L.), subdivided into whole, half and quarter pieces increased with tuber size. Vines produced from proximal, middle and distal tuber sections decreased significantly with distance from the proximal end. Smaller pieces collectively resulted in greater total vine length.
Calcium Infiltration Inhibits Greening in ‘Katahdin’ Potatoes1
Authors: Arteca Richard N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vacuum infiltration of 1 or 2% CaCl2 reduced chlorophyll accumulation in ‘Katahdin’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) 50 to 60% and 70 to 80%, respectively, relative to the controls. CaCl2 at 3 or 4% induced internal breakdown. Maximal uptake of CaCl2 was obtained by placing the tubers under vacuum (−0.9 atmospheres) for 30 minutes with a soak time of 15 minutes. Ca+ + infiltration helped maintain tuber quality in light allowing consumers maximum visibility of the product.
Stimulation of Root Initiation from Cultured Rose Shoots through the Use of Reduced Concentrations of Mineral Salts1
Authors: Hyndman Scott E. , Hasegawa Paul M. , Bressan Ray A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In vitro-derived shoots of ‘Improved Blaze’ rose (Rosa hybrida L.) were used to investigate the cause of improved root initiation obtained by lowering the concentration of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt formulation in the nutrient medium. The number and length of roots per explant increased as the concentration of total nitrogen in the MS salt formulation was reduced from 60 to 7.5 mm. There was no effect on rooting with as much as a 16-fold reduction in the concentration of the remaining MS salts from that of the normal MS formulation, when total nitrogen was kept at a constant 7.5 mm. When nitrogen was maintained at 7.5 mm and the concentrations of the remaining salts were maintained at 1/2 times that of the MS salt formulation, rooting was unaffected by raising the total solute concentration with NaCl to that when the medium contained the full MS nitrogen salt complement. These results show that lowering the total mineral salt level in the nutrient medium provides a more favorable nitrogen salts concentration for rhizogenesis than that provided by the MS salt formulation.
In Vitro Propagation of F. piphyllum chrysocardium1
Authors: Lazarte J. E. , Gaiser M. S. , Brown O. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Optimum shoot development of Epiphyllum chrysocardium Alexand. stem cutting was obtained on a modified half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA). Best rooting occurred after subculturing excised shoots on half-strength MS supplemented with 0.01 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA).
In Vitro Propagation of Fig through Shoot Tip Culture1
Authors: Muriithi L. M. , Rangan T. S. , Waite B. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips excised from cultivars of Ficus carica L. with symptoms of fig mosaic virus, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.18 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg/liter 6-benzvlamino purine (BA) and 0.03 mg/liter gibberellic acid (G A) developed into shoots. These shoots were induced to root on MS containing 0.5 mg/liter NAA and 0.5 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA) and subsequently transferred to soil, maintained in the green house, and were free of virus symptoms, even after 15 months.
Asexual Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development in Anther Culture of Cucumis sativus L.1
Authors: Lazarte J. E. , Sasser C. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Callus developed from anther explants of Cucumis sativus L. cultured an modified Nitsch and Nitsch and on Murashige and Skoog basal media. Meristemoids and embryoids were induced when callus was recultured on solidified Nitsch medium containing 20 g/liter rafflnose. Embryoids developed into seedlings.
Laboratory Exercises with Spring-flowering Bulbs1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exercises are described to familiarize horticultural students with the ‘Standard Forcing’ of potted tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, Iris reticulata, Crocus and grape hyacinths as well as cut tulips and daffodils. Procedures are outlined for ‘Special Precooling’ of tulips and Dutch iris as cut flowers. In addition, a simplified list of readily available cultivars of the spring-flowering bulbs covered is provided. The exercises utilize Valentine’s Day as the marketing holiday.
Chilling Injury of Germinating Seeds and Seedlings
Authors: Wolk William D. , Herner Robert C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
History. In 1897, Molisch first suggested the term that was translated as chilling injury to describe the injurious effects of low but non-freezing temperatures on certain plant species (40). More than 50 years were to pass, however, before it was recognized that a similar low-temperature injury might be sustained by germinating seeds. Earlier in this century, Kidd and West (32, 33) reported that soaking seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. at 10°C increased the amount of material leached from them and decreased germination compared with seeds soaked at 20°. In 1926, Kotowski (34) noted that the seeds of several warm-season vegetable crops would not germinate below 18°. During this period, it was generally acknowledged that reduced low-temperature germination as exhibited by seeds of most tropical and subtropical species was a consequence of seed infestation by soil-borne pathogens. For example, Leach (37) suggested that many soil organisms had lower optimum growth temperatures than the minimum temperature for seed germination. Thus, while seed germination was inhibited by low soil temperature, soil pathogens could readily grow, multiply and attack the seed.
In Vitro Protection of Indoleacetic Acid during Thin Layer Chromatography1
Authors: Beyl Caula A. , Mitchell Cary A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The antioxidant sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) was evaluated for use as a protectant of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during application onto cellulose thin layer strips as well as during subsequent ascending chromatographic development. An IAA standard of 5 μg, applied directly over a 100 μg pretreatment spot of DDC at the origin, revealed eightfold more auxin activity than did 5 μg of IAA alone as determined by the Avena coleoptile bioassay. However, DDC alone at this dosage produced an inhibitory biological response at the same chromatographic zone where auxin banded in an isopropanol, ammonia, water (10:1:1 by volume) solvent system. Reduction of the DDC dosage to 1 μg spot−1 gave threefold greater net auxin activity than did 100 μg DDC, and 20% better protection than did 0.5 μg DDC, while eliminating its own inhibitory action at this lower dosage level.
In Vitro Propagation of Crabapple Cultivars1
Authors: Singha Suman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rapid propagation of crabapple (Malus spp.) cultivars was achieved in vitro. Proliferation of shoot tips was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Rapid shoot proliferation was obtained at 1 or 2 mg/liter BA. Higher levels (4 or 8 mg/liter) resulted in good shoot proliferation, but a greater percentage of shoots were small or rosetted. Rooting was achieved by transferring individual shoots to MS medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Low NAA levels (0.1 or 0.2 mg/liter) resulted in good root development. Plantlets were successfully transferred to soil.
Ammonium Toxicity of Impatiens platypetala1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Taber H. G. , Dunston S. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings of Impatiens platypetala Lindl. were grown in modified Hoagland’s solution at 100 mg N/liter but with varying NH4+/NO3− ratios so that the percentage of N from NH4+ varied from 0 to 60 %. Plant fresh weight decreased significantly as the percentage of NH4+ increased. Plants were visually inferior when at least 30% of their N was received as NH4+. When cuttings were grown in a medium of 1 soil: 1 sphagnum peatmoss: 3 perlite, N source had little effect on the fresh weight of the above-ground portion of the plant, but plants receiving NH4+ had more misshapen leaves than those in other treatments. Nitrapyrin (Np), a nitrification inhibitor, did not change response to N sources significantly, but Np tended to lower soil NO3−-N concentration.
A Comparison of Oxyfluorfen and Oryzalin in Container-grown Woody Ornamentals1
Authors: Creager Richard A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During 1979 and 1980, oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] were evaluated on 7 species of container-grown woody ornamentals for full-season weed control, phytotoxicity, and final plant size. These 7 species included cultivars of cotoneaster, euonymus, holly, juniper, privet, pyracantha, and rhododendron. Both oryzalin and oxyfluorfen at the 2.2 kg/ha rate provided 75% or better weed control with little to no injury for 2 months. Oxyfluorfen provided a longer period of weed control than oryzalin on some ornamentals. Higher rates of oxyfluorfen (4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha) increased weed control to provide full 4-month efficacy with limited or no injury and satisfactory plant size. Plant size was proportional to the degree of weed control obtained.
Effects of Mechanical Harvest and Defoliation on Subsequent Performance of Three Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Pelofske P. J. , Martin Lloyd W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Linn’, ‘Olympus’, and ‘Totem’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were defoliated on various dates in 1979 during mechanical harvest or by leaf mowing after hand harvest, and numbers of crown divisions, runners, and inflorescences as well as berry size, fruit rot, and yield were measured in 1980. The only difference attributable to defoliation dates was berry size in ‘Olympus’ and ‘Totem’. Defoliation by mechanical harvest did not adversely affect subsequent plant growth and yield.
Effects of Fruiting on Net Photosynthesis and Dark Respiration of ‘Hecker’ Strawberries1
Authors: Choma M. E. , Garner J. L. , Marini R. P. , Barden J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During a 6-week fruiting cycle of a day-neutral strawberry, (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Hecker), net photosynthesis (Pn) was significantly greater on fruiting plants than deblossomed plants on 5 of 6 measurement dates. The presence of fruit did not affect dark respiration (Rd). Pn tended to decline during the fruiting cycle while Rd tended to increase. Removal of inflorescences from fruiting plants resulted in a significant decline in Pn while Rd was unaffected.
Influence of Crop Load on the Response of Cherry Fruit Growth and Size to Antitranspirant1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Uriu K. , Hagan R. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit growth and final size were greater on lightly cropped than on moderately heavily cropped cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. Buriat) trees. A wax-based antitranspirant (AT), sprayed 1 week before harvest, increased fruit size on both lightly and moderately heavily cropped trees. Although the lightly cropped AT-treated trees had the largest fruit at harvest, the response to AT was greatest on the moderately heavily cropped trees. Thus, AT can improve fruit grade-size, and probably monetary returns, particularly on heavily cropped trees. High rates of AT application, however, can adversely affect fruit appearance.
A Commercial Bee Attractant Ineffective in Enhancing Apple Pollination1
Authors: Rajotte E. G. , Fell R. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkch.) were sprayed with a high-con version corn syrup consisting of 38–40% glucose, 28% maltose, 10% maltotriose, and 22% higher sugars plus, strawberry flavoring, red dye, and a preservative (Beelure) designed to increase plant attractiveness to honey bees. No difference was found between the number of foraging bees or the percentage of bees collecting pollen on sprayed versus unsprayed trees or in fruit set. Bees were not attracted to non-floral foliage in sprayed blocks.
Response of Apple Seedlings in Fumigated Soil to Phosphorous and Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhiza1
Authors: Koch B. L. , Covey R. P. , Larsen H. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Incorporation of phosphorous into fumigated soil at planting increased the height, dry weight, and P level in seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Non-mycorrhizal plants exhibited a twenty-fivefold growth response to P and obtained maximum size at 200 mg additional P/kg soil. Mycorrhizal plants exhibited less growth response to P (3.2 × increase) but had greater maximum growth (78.0 vs. 67.9 cm) than nonmycorrhizal plants. Maximum growth of mycorrhizal plants occurred with the addition of 100-200 mg P/kg soil.
Effects of an Infestation of Blackmargined Aphid on Carbohydrates in Mature ‘Stuart’ Pecan1
Authors: Wood B. W. , Tedders W. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twenty-one days of foliar feeding in late spring by the blackmargined aphid [Monellia caryella (Fitch)] on a mature ‘Stuart’ pecan tree [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] reduced soluble sugars and starch in leaves to 82% and 79%, respectively, of the aphid-free control. Chlorophyll levels were unaffected. Sugars were reduced to 75% of the control in both 1- and 2-year-old branches. Starch in 1-year-old branches was reduced to 71%, but was unchanged in 2-year-old branches.
Comparison of Two Methods of Hand-crossing Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp1
Authors: Zary K. W. , Miller J. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five lines of cowpea were crossed in a complete diallel, using 2 methods. Crossing success rate was greatly enhanced by collecting pollen donor flowers on the morning of anthesis, storing them until late afternoon, and then completing the cross on freshly emasculated flowers (method 1) as compared to utilizing pollen donor flowers for crossing immediately upon collection, early to mid-morning on the day of anthesis (method 2). Significant differences in success rate were found among cultivars used as seed parents in method 2, while no such differences were observed in method 1. Significant differences in success rate were found among cultivars used as pollen parents in both methods.
Sensitivity of Tomato Cultivars to Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Howe T. K. , Woltz S. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity of 26 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared at 2 concentrations of SO2 in specially designed exposure greenhouses. Cultivars studied included fresh market, processing, and specialty types. Insensitive and sensitive cultivars were identified by assessment of acute SO2-induced foliar necrosis. Cultivars found to be insensitive to SO2 included: ‘Ace’, ‘Bonanza’, ‘Heinz 1350’, ‘Tarquinia Tondino’, and ‘VF 145-B 7879’. Cultivars found to be sensitive to SO2 included: ‘Bellarina’, ‘Chico IIP, ‘Flora-Dade’, ‘Red Cherry Large’, ‘SubArctic Delight’, and ‘Vetomold’.
Effect of Precooling Methods and Peduncle Lengths on Soft Rot Decay of Bell Peppers1
Authors: Sherman Mark , Kasmire Robert F. , Shuler Kenneth D. , Botts Daniel A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thorough precooling of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. cv. California Wonder) to 10°C (50°F) soon after harvest delayed, but did not prevent, soft rot decay caused by Erwinia carotovora (L. R. Jones) Holland. There was little weight loss and shrivel in any of the treatments. Inoculated peppers with intact or partial peduncles had better overall visual quality and were less decayed than peppers with no peduncles.
Differences in Infestation of Pubescent and Glabrous Forms of Cucumber by Pickleworms and Melonworms1
Authors: Elsey K. D. , Wann E. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pickle worm [Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll)] and melon worm [Diaphania hyalinata (L.)] moths, released into a screenhouse, laid far more eggs on pubescent than on glabrous plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In a field test of the 2 foliage types, a total of 8 times as many melonworm larvae were found on pubescent as glabrous plants, but about the same number of pickle worm larvae were found on both types. Both melonworm and pickleworm moths laid approximately equal numbers of eggs on fiberglass insulation treated with ethanol extracts of the 2 foliage types, suggesting that the presence or absence of pubescence on the leaves determined oviposition preference.
Florida 524 Carrot Inbred1
Authors: Bassett M. J. , Strandberg J. O. , White J. M. , Peterson C. E. , Simon P. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hybrid carrots (Daucus carota L.) are gaining a larger share of the market once devoted exclusively to open-pollinated cultivars. The carrot inbred Florida 524 has been used extensively as the male parent in experimental hybrids tested in Florida, California, Wisconsin, Texas, and Arizona. These trials have revealed that Florida 524 has good combining ability for fresh market characteristics. Florida 524 is being released jointly by the University of Florida and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
‘Ohio 7870’ Tomato1
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Gould W. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7870’ is an early-main season tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suitable for machine harvest with fruit qualities for the cannery that make it especially suitable for the production of juice, sauce, and coreless whole-canned tomato (whole-pack). It was released by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, June 1981.
‘ArKing’ Strawberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ‘ArKing’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) has been released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to provide a late-ripening, red stele root-rot-re-sistant cultivar adapted to Arkansas conditions. ‘ArKing’ is similar in size and productivity to the popular ‘Cardinal’, but has greater disease resistance and later maturity.
‘Bluechip’ Blueberry1
Authors: Ballington J. R. , Mainland C. M. , Draper A. D. , Galletta G. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Bluechip’ is a cane canker-resistant midseason cultivar of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). It has very large fruit, excellent color, stem scar, firmness, and a pleasant acid flavor. The name is intended to suggest that this cultivar possesses exceptionally desirable fruit flavor and texture. Released cooperatively by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ‘Blue-chip’ is intended principally for fresh fruit production in areas subject to cane canker caused by Botryosphaeria corticis (Demaree & Wilcox) Arx & Muller.