bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapsed Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an HIV-Infected Patient—Experience of High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Rescue: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: M. Ganapathi Bhat , Jain Reetu , Shah Samir S. , Shaikh Fahad Afzal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with dismal outcome despite multidrug chemotherapy regimen leading to high rates of disease recurrence. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (HDCT/ASCR) is an effective salvage therapy in patients with chemo-sensitive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report a case of 38 years old male with relapsed PBL associated with underlying HIV infection, who underwent HDCT/ASCR. He presented with low-grade fever and abdominal discomfort. He was evaluated with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan followed by omental biopsy that confirmed disease relapse. He received second-line therapy containing bortezomib and daratumumab and achieved remission (CR2). Subsequently, he underwent HDCT/ASCR. He has been clinically asymptomatic in good general condition having disease-free survival of 18 months after HDCT/ASCR. Our objective of presenting this case report is its complexity from presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. We take this opportunity to review the epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of PBL, as well as discuss the advancements in therapeutic options of this challenging disease.
Changes in Migratory Speed Rate of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells Cultured in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Margono Anggraini , Bagio Dini Asrianti , Yulianto Indah , Dewi Siti Utami 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective Migratory speed rate evaluation of human dental pulp stromal cells (hDP-SCs) is one of the important steps in dental pulp regeneration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze various concentrations of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) culture media toward hDP-SCs' migratory speed rate evaluations.Materials and Methods The hDP-SCs were divided into four groups: control: hDP-SCs in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium + 10% fetal bovine serum group; hDP-SCs in 1% A-PRF group; hDP-SCs in 5% A-PRF group; and hDP-SCs in 10% A-PRF group, which were planted in 24-well (5 × 104 cell/well). The migratory speed rate of all groups was measured by using cell migration assay (scratch wound assay) after 24 hours. Cell characteristics were evaluated under microscope (Inverted microscope, Zeiss, Observer Z1, UK) that can be read through image-J interpretation. This image J represented the measurement of migratory speed rate (nm/h) data. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane's test (p < 0.05) (IBM SPSS Statistics Software, version 22.0).Results There was a statistically significant difference in the migratory speed rates of hDP-SCs among various concentration groups of A-PRF (1, 5, and 10%) compared with the control group.Conclusion The increase in the migratory speed rate of hDP-SCs was highest in 10% A-PRF group.
Soft-Tissue Analysis of Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns Using the Geometric Morphometric Method
Authors: Sazgar Tamana , Al-Jaf Nagham M. , Norman Noraina Hafizan , Alias Aspalilah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the size and shape variations of soft-tissue patterns in different sagittal skeletal patterns using the geometric morphometrics method (GMM) obtained from lateral cephalograms.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study, where the sample comprised of 188 Malaysian Malay subjects aged between 18 and 40 years and with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Overall, 71 males and 117 females were gathered for all size and shape analyses. This study incorporated 11 soft-tissue landmarks, which underwent landmark application using tpsDig2 software version 2.31, while the shape analysis was done using MorphoJ software version 1.07a.
Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences in some of the parameters between the landmarks. Length D, Length E, Length F, Length H, and Length I showed significant differences (p < 0.05), while other parameters showed no difference (p > 0.05).
Results The shape variation of soft-tissue landmarks in different skeletal patterns existed in 18 different dimensions which showed by 18 principal components (PCs). Procrustes ANOVA and canonical variate analysis showed the size and shape differences of soft-tissue patterns between Class II and III and gender groups (p < 0.0001). In discriminant function analysis for Class II subjects, the classification accuracy was 98.4%, whereas subsequent to cross-validation, the classification accuracy was 90.6%. For Class III subjects, the classification accuracy was 96.6%, while after cross-validation, the classification accuracy was 90%.
Conclusion Different sagittal skeletal patterns demonstrated different soft-tissue shape variations. Class III showed the most protrusive upper and lower lips, while Class II demonstrated the most retrusive lower lip.
The Effect of Educational Video on COVID-19 and Dental Emergency Literacy among Students during Pandemic Era
Authors: Novrinda Herry , Darwita Risqa Rina , Subagyo Khumaira Adienia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives To determine (1) the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and dental emergency (DE) along with the factors that might be associated (2) with the effect of educational video on the level of knowledge among nondental students.
Materials and Methods This online pre-experimental study used an educational video regarding COVID-19 and DE with a one-group pretest–posttest design toward the undergraduate nondental students (n = 363) from six public universities in West Java Province, Indonesia, aged 18 to 22 years. A Google Form was used and convenience sampling was undertaken.
Statistical Analysis The chi-squared, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Spearman correlation tests were performed. Cohen's d
effect size was used to assess the effect of videos.
Results Most of the respondents were females around 20.36 ± 0.94 years. There is a statistically significant difference between the pre- and posttest knowledge score for COVID-19 (p <0.001) and DE (p <0.001). The “with dental school” group had a significantly higher pretest score in DE literacy than the “without dental school” group. There is a significantly positive linear relationship between the frequency of watching videos and the posttest score. The effect size was 1.03 and 0.8 for COVID-19 and DE, respectively. The majority of students agreed (agree and very agree) with all statements regarding video education.
Conclusions The level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and DE increased from 5.30 to 6.75 and 6.58 to 8.02, respectively. The associated factors were the type of university and the frequency of watching videos. Educational intervention seems to have a great effect in increasing the knowledge of nondental students.
Impact of Guidance and Multitasking on Manual Dexterity Skills in Dentistry
Authors: El-Kishawi Mohamed , Khalaf Khaled , Murray Colin , Odeh Ruba , Winning Tracey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the effect of learning by observation on the development of fine motor skills related to endodontic manual instrumentation. We evaluated if learning by observation with guidance had any influence upon operator performance under tense or taxing conditions.
Materials and Methods Dental students prepared standardized simulated root canals of varying morphology. Learning involved silent video with hand guidance (n = 23), audiovisual combined with oral instructions (n = 23), or silent video (n = 13). Undergraduates who previously completed conventional preclinical endodontics provided comparative data as a control group (n = 16). During investigations, a root canal of a lower molar plastic tooth was shaped, beginning with a primary task, and followed by multitasking conditions. The performance of the students was assessed by evaluating the accuracy of dental canal shaping and time taken to complete the task.
Statistical Analysis Differences were analyzed using ANOVA (p < 0.05).
Results Performance was similar during learning between the three experimental groups. Accuracy of the performance did not differ within each group for the two tests nor between the groups at each test (p > 0.05).
Conclusions These findings demonstrated that performance subsequent to learning by observation without instructions was comparable to learning with instructed observation. The results also identified that the performance of the experimental group (1.5- to 2-hour practice) was comparable with the conventional control group (15- to 20-hour practice). Alternative approaches to learning dexterity skills in dentistry may provide improved outcomes, especially in demanding situations.
Adductor Canal Block Does not Confer Better Immediate Postoperative Pain Relief after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Padki Akshay , Vemula Vishnu , Purnomo Glen , Lim Jason Beng Teck , Liow Lincoln Ming Han , Yeo Seng Jin , Chen Jerry Yongqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe adductor canal block (ACB) is a useful adjunct to control postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of our study was to compare postoperative day 1 (POD1) pain scores, ambulation distance, range of motion, active straight leg raise (SLR), and length of stay (LOS) in TKA patients receiving no ACB (NACB), ACB by surgeon (ACBS), or ACB by anesthetist (ACBA). After obtaining institutional ethics approval, a retrospective review of 135 patients who underwent TKA between September 2020 and March 2021 was performed. All patients underwent TKA by the same surgeon and received the same standardized postoperative rehabilitation. Operating theater time was shortest in the NACB group with 129.3 ± 23.1 minutes compared with 152.4 ± 31.6 minutes in ACBA and 139.2 ± 29.4 minutes in ABCS (p = 0.001). For the POD1 pain score after therapy, the NACB group scored 4.9 ± 3.1 compared with 3.5 ± 2.2 and 3.9 ± 1.8 scored by the ACBA and ACBS groups, respectively (p = 0.302). The mean POD1 ambulation distance was 21.1 ± 15.2 m in the NACB group compared with 15.4 ± 1.3 and 17.8 ± 13.2 m in the ACBA and ACBS groups (all p > 0.05), respectively. There were no significant differences in the median LOS between three groups or ability to perform active SLR (all p > 0.05). Our study found no significant differences when comparing ACBS and ACBA by POD1 pain score, ambulation distance, range of motion, and LOS. We recommend against the use of ACB and instead recommend surgeons to perform an adequate periarticular cocktail injection.
Glycemic Status and Maternal Outcome among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frank Reena Wilma , Rodrigues Devina E. , Kaipangala Rajagopal , Leena Kunnath Chacko , Cunha Prema D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. GDM can adversely affect the short- and long-term health of mothers and their newborns.
Aim This study aims to determine the association between maternal glycemic parameters with adverse maternal outcomes and baseline characteristics among women with GDM.
Settings and Design Observational, prospective study.
Materials and Methods Sixty-six pregnant women visiting outpatient department of a parent hospital who were diagnosed with GDM by an obstetrician were included in the study. Glycemic parameters were documented at the time of diagnosis (at 24 weeks of pregnancy). The maternal outcomes were studied after 24 hours of delivery.
Results The mean age of the women was 29.05 ± 3.98 years and 36.4% of the women were primipara. Among 66 women, 47% had a family history of diabetes mellitus, and that 48.28% of them belonged to first-degree relatives. Body mass index indicated in prepregnancy status 39.4% of them were overweight. In glycemic parameters, 63.6 and 93.9% of the women had increased fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar values, respectively. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was elevated in 45.5% of the women. The maternal outcome showed that 30.30% of the women underwent cesarean section, 18.18% had preeclampsia, and 15.16% of them had increased weight gain (>11kg). There was a significant association between HbA1c and preeclampsia, p = 0.044.
Conclusions The study reiterates that GDM has a poor maternal outcome, the mother is at risk to develop preeclampsia, increased maternal weight gain, and interference of cesarean section is more.
Clinical Significance During the antenatal period among GDM mothers' glycemic control is very essential. Any variation in the glycemic parameters of the mother will lead to poor maternal outcomes.
Electronic energies from coupled fermionic “Zombie” states' imaginary time evolution
Authors: Bramley Oliver A. , Hele Timothy J. H. , Shalashilin Dmitrii V. 
Published: April 2022

Zombie states are a recently introduced formalism to describe coupled coherent fermionic states that address the fermionic sign problem in a computationally tractable manner. Previously, it has been shown that Zombie states with fractional occupations of spin orbitals obeyed the correct fermionic creation and annihilation algebra and presented results for real-time evolution [D. V. Shalashilin, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 194109 (2018)]. In this work, we extend and build on this formalism by developing efficient algorithms for evaluating the Hamiltonian and other operators between Zombie states and address their normalization. We also show how imaginary time propagation can be used to find the ground state of a system. We also present a biasing method, for setting up a basis set of random Zombie states, that allows much smaller basis sizes to be used while still accurately describing the electronic structure Hamiltonian and its ground state and describe a technique of wave function “cleaning” that removes the contributions of configurations with the wrong number of electrons, improving the accuracy further. We also show how low-lying excited states can be calculated efficiently using a Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. The proposed algorithm of imaginary time propagation on biased random grids of Zombie states may present an alternative to the existing quantum Monte Carlo methods.
Scalar dark matter and muon g-2 in a

model *
Authors: Qi XinXin , Yang AiGeng , Liu Wei , Sun Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider a simple scalar dark matter model within the frame of gauged

symmetry. A new gauge boson

, as well as two scalar fields S and Φ, are introduced to the Standard Model (SM), where S and Φ are SM singlets but both carry

charge. The real component and imaginary component of S can acquire different masses after spontaneously breaking symmetry, and the lighter one can play the role of dark matter, which is stabilized by an extra

symmetry. We consider the possibility of light dark matter as well as the co-annihilation case in our model and present the current

anomaly, Higgs invisible decay, dark matter relic density, and direct detection constraints on the parameter space. Direct detection gives the most stringent restriction on the model, and we found that although most of the parameter space is excluded, a mass region of a few GeV is still allowed where the co-annihilation process is also permitted in the model.
Desalination methods and their role in solving and managing the problem of salinization in Iraqi water resources
Authors: Salman Havan H. , Aswad Zahraa S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A rise in the demand for fresh water is due to population growth in desert areas where high-quality, low-salinity water is scarce has prompted a rapid development of desalination technology, which has demonstrated its ability to address as well as resolving the water shortages in many dry locations throughout the world. Despite the benefits that could be realized from desalination under the global water crisis, the majority of people, including those who work in the water sector, regard it as a novel technology due to its lack of application. Currently, Desalinated water is used by only 1% of the global total to meet their daily needs. Nonetheless, the United Nations predicts that by 2025, Water scarcity will afflict 14% of the world’s population. For the reasons indicated in this study, Iraqi water sources have undergone a quantitative and qualitative deterioration, resulting in a rise in salt concentrations.
Cadmium resistant bacteria mediated cadmium removal: a systematic review on resistance, mechanism and bioremediation approaches
Authors: Jebril Nadia , Boden Rich , Braungardt Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cadmium-resistant bacteria that are used to remove cadmium (Cd) are becoming increasingly of the most important and hygienic method. Resistant mechanisms are involved in different ways, and some of them which can be used in cadmium removal techniques based on their molecular mechanisms and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). This review summarises recent improvements in understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria are either intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to cadmium to be used as a way for cadmium removal.
Air Pollution Resulted from Coal, Oil and Gas Firing in Thermal Power Plants and Treatment: A Review
Authors: Hannun Rafid M. , Abdul Razzaq Ali H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAir pollution is a worldwide and a local issue caused by energy generation. It refers to global warming deterioration in human environmental health and local-global sustainability. This review provides information on the generation and consumption of energy with their air pollution mixture of many pollutants; gases, liquids and particles. These pollutants have become one of the leading environmental hazards to human and planet health. The components of pollutants that result from burning fossil fuels (oil and gas) and coal have been studied, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particles. Both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides interact with water to produce acid rain. Both gas and oil-fired thermal power plants emission today and in the future might be transformed to work on renewable energy sources. The results stated that gas-fired power plants are more generally faster efficient, less pollution than oil and coal power plants. A complete assessment of exhaust gas treatment was conducted. Carbon dioxide capture, desulfurization, denitrification, and particle collection were all successful as treatment control mechanisms. So, previous studies presented some methods for reducing nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides through water injection and exhaust gas recycling. The addition of nano-additives in diesel emulsion fuel (W/D) has recently been shown to increase the characteristics and performance of the fuel while reducing the quantity of emitted hydrogen chloride (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). It was determined that the best nano-additives for W/D were Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), copper(ii) oxide, magnesium oxide (MgO), manganese oxide (MnO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), among others (E10).
Water management scheme to restore and sustain the Marshes and Shatt al-Arab, Southern Iraq
Authors: Rahi Khayyun , Ali Ali Abdulkhabeer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Attempts to restore the Marshes of Southern Iraq (re-marshification) have started in the summer of 2003. After about 18 years, very little has been achieved in the restoration process. The inundated areas fluctuate on an annual basis. The water-covered areas increase during wet years and shrink during dry years. One component of the re-marshification is missing; that is a plan based on actual water flow data and supplies. As a result, the vast area of the original marshes is suffering from saline water and ecological deterioration. In this paper, sustained water supplies are specified to restore an area of about 4440 km2, about 55.5% of the marshes area of 1973, and reclaim the salinity problem of Shatt al-Arab. The basic components of the water supplies scheme come from two sources: the first is the environmental flow from the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Karkheh, and the Karun rivers, and the second is the seasonal flows generated along the eastern borderline of Iraq (i.e., The Iraq-Iran Borderline). The proposed scheme requires some engineering works to convey the water flow to the intended Marshes area and isolate Shatt al-Arab from the marshes hydraulically.
The Judicial Failsafe: American Legal Colonialism in the Philippines
Authors: Foley Timothy J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article evaluates the history of the Filipino judiciary during the period of US rule. It argues that colonial officials used the legal system to ensure US control over the islands by initiating a judicial transition, which contained a series of procedures guaranteeing US officials the power to overrule insular courts or legislatures. The judicial transition refers to the long-term transformation of Filipino law from the Spanish civil law system to an Anglo-American common law system through implementing a new code of civil procedure, changing the official language of legal proceedings to English, and importing US judges to the islands during the first part of the twentieth century. This transition masked a failsafe, which ensured that colonial administrators would retain power despite promises to cede control to the local population. Elements of this failsafe included maintaining a US majority on the Supreme Court of the Philippines, empowering the US Supreme Court to review and overturn decisions of the Filipino Supreme Court, and barring Filipino courts from ruling on matters of importance to the US government such as admiralty cases. The article contends that when taken together, this transition and failsafe constitute a strategy for the United States to maintain substantial control over the Philippines while still maintaining the facade of the benevolent colonizer.
Longitudinal Correlates of Increased Alcohol Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Pravesh , Kamath Celia , Kurani Shaheen , Pazdernik Vanessa , Kremers Hilal Maradit , St. Sauver Jennifer , Croarkin Paul , Geske Jennifer , Prasad Kavita , Patten Christi , Holland Ashely 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
The objective of this study is to longitudinally assess sociodemographic and psychological correlates of increased alcohol use during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) period among adolescents and young adults.

Methods
Pre-COVID period is defined as the 1-year period on or before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID period is defined as the period from 1st April 2020 to 30 March 2021. Univariable logistic regression models are used to evaluate the association of demographic characteristics, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), rurality, changes in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale severity, and the risk of increased alcohol consumption (binge drinking, number of drinks and drinking regularity) from pre-COVID to during-COVID period.

Results and conclusion
Our study found that worsened anxiety symptoms, older age, being in college and current cigarette smoking status were associated with increased alcohol use among youth during the pandemic year. Socioeconomic position (measured by ADI) and rural status were not found to be associated with increased alcohol use among adolescents and young adults.