bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape of spectrum of galactic cosmic ray intensity fluctuations
Authors: Starodubtsev Sergei 
Published: June 2022

The impact of solar wind plasma on fluxes of galactic cosmic rays (CR) penetrating from the outside into the heliosphere with energies above ~1 GeV leads to temporal variations in the CR intensity in a wide frequency range. Cosmic rays being charged particles, their modulation occurs mainly under impacts of the interplanetary magnetic field.
It is well known that the observed spectrum of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) fluctuations in a wide frequency range ν from ~10–7 to ~10 Hz has a pronounced falling character and consists of three sections: energy, inertial, and dissipative. Each of them is described by the power law PIMF(ν)~ν–α, while the IMF spectrum index α increases with increasing frequency. The IMF fluctuations in each of these sections are also characterized by properties that depend on their nature.
Also known are established links between fluctuation spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field and galactic cosmic rays in the case of modulation of the latter by Alfvén or fast magnetosonic waves. The theory predicts that fluctuation spectra of cosmic rays should also be described by the power law PCR(ν)~ν–γ. However, the results of many years of SHICRA SB RAS research into the nature and properties of cosmic ray intensity fluctuations based on data from neutron monitors at stations with different geomagnetic cut-offs RC from 0.5 to 6.3 GV show that the observed spectrum of fluctuations in galactic cosmic ray intensity in the frequency range above 10–4 Hz becomes flat, i.e. it is similar to white noise. This fact needs to be realized and explained.
This paper reports the results of research into the shape of the spectrum of galactic cosmic ray intensity fluctuations within a frequency range ν from ~10–6 to ~1 Hz and compares them with model calculations of white noise spectra, using measurement data from the neutron monitor of the Apatity station. A possible physical explanation has been given for the observed shape of the cosmic ray fluctuation spectrum on the basis of the known mechanisms of their modulation in the heliosphere.
Flat location and size as a determinant of homeownership duration
Authors: Foryś Iwona 
Published: June 2022

Motivation: Both the research on the residential market focuses primarily on analyses of the size and quality of the housing stock, or seeking dependencies with socio-economic factors. The second research area is the analysis of prices and construction of residential price indices. As an equally important issue is assessing the intensity of trade in particular types of flat and location. A standard view is that those small flats are more frequently traded on the market than large ones.
Aim: The study concerns analysis of ownership duration of a flat by the same owner (from the day of purchase to the sale day). It depends on the characteristics of the dwelling, including the location and size. The research will verify the hypothesis of a shorter duration for small units and its location. The study relies on the example of one local housing market. The study use regression analysis to examine the property value on the city’s districts and duration analysis to explore ownership duration time, and nonparametric models of a proportional model Cox gambling with explanatory variables dependent on time.
Results: This research is significant in socio-spatial connection to the housing market. It shows that the current practice of buying a small flat as an investment in the housing market is appropriate. Due to the rapid price increase of small flats and high turnover, the chances for a good investment are increasing. With the help of the Cox model, the study shows that on the local market poor location in the old city housing estate and a larger floor area decreased the odds of a property to be sold quickly. The study results are valuable due to the unique role of housing on investing in the local market.
Legal and economic determinants of restructuring processes in health care entities in Poland
Authors: Głód Grzegorz , Langer Maciej 
Published: June 2022

Motivation: The majority of problems in the health care system originate in the limited financial resources, but the efficiency of the system is also — indirectly — affected by the management of these resources, which is sometimes not as effective as it might be. These problems become particularly apparent in the Polish public health care, undergoing constant reforms. This brings into focus the issue relating to restructuring processes, which are determined by relevant legal regulations and the competences of people in charge, who need to maintain the consistency of implementation.
Aim: The article aims to analyse legal and economic determinants in the restructuring of health care entities in Poland, with particular emphasis on the possible application of restructuring proceedings to these entities. Further, it identifies key success factors for restructuring processes from the perspective of management. The following legal acts were included in the analysis: the Act of 15 May 2015 the Restructuring Law, the Act of 15 April 2011 on medical activity, the Act of 23 April 1964 the Civil Code, the Act of 28 February 2003 the Bankruptcy Law. The review of good management practices in the research area was presented.
Results: Based on the analysis, recommendations concerning the implementation of restructuring processes in health care entities were formulated. The benefits stemming from the application of restructuring proceedings to health care entities were discussed. The key elements of the restructuring plan, accompanied with practical guidelines, were presented.
Central ICT system SL2014: the way to reduce the transaction costs of European projects
Authors: Kępa Marcin 
Published: June 2022

Motivation: European funds are these kinds of goods for which effective demand exceeds supply. The market value of European projects in Poland is estimated at approximately PLN 1125,44 bn, of which the EU co-financing is PLN 664,29 bn. Their effective use depends on the quality of the institutions responsible for their aggregation, allocation and proper expenditure (in accordance with the EU policies).
Aim: The analysis of mechanisms determining the market game on the European project market in Poland in the light of the new institutional economics. Particular attention will be paid to the administrative tools that facilitate efficient long-distance communication between the parties to a project co-financing contract (central ICT system SL2014).
Results: ICT systems constitute a part of a wider phenomenon commonly referred to as e-administration. It may be regarded as an institution in the meaning of the new institutional economics. This institution reduces the transaction costs related to handling European projects as well as the transaction costs in other areas connected with public governance. Wherever the e-administration can be applied (e-administration may be found useful in the case of public health emergencies that were triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic). Central ICT system SL2014 (as an element of e-administration) significantly reduced transaction costs in the field of handling European projects in the 2014–2020 financial perspective.
Pregnant women and their partners' views and experiences of reduced fetal movements: a narrative literature review
Authors: Dube Kushupika , Smyth Rebecca , Heazell Alexander , Lavender Tina 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Globally, 2 million stillbirths occur annually, 98% of which occur in low-income settings. In low-income settings, stillbirth may be associated with maternal perception of reduced fetal movements. However, little is known about maternal experiences of reduced fetal movements and subsequent engagement with health services in low-income settings. This narrative literature review initially aimed to improve understanding of views and experiences of reduced fetal movements in pregnant women in low-income settings using information synthesised from international studies. However, only a small number of articles from low-resource settings were found. Methods The literature reviewed qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies guided by a systematic approach. The findings were discussed narratively. Results A total of 40 studies were identified, only four of which were from low-income settings. The four main themes identified were: maternal perception of fetal movements, facilitators and barriers to seeking healthcare, reduced fetal movements as a predictor of fetal outcomes and knowledge of fetal movements and management strategies. Conclusions A variety of factors may influence maternal perception of reduced fetal movements and experience of care. As most studies were conducted in high-income settings, it is imperative to describe women's experiences of reduced fetal movements in low-income settings.
Male partners' involvement during antenatal care in Ekiti State, southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ade-Ojo Idowu Pius , Olofinbiyi Olusanya Rufus , Adeyanju Benedict Tolulope , Olajuyin Adebola Ayotomiwa , Yusuf Tajudeen Oluwaseun 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Male partners' involvement in the use of antenatal care services has been evaluated as a crucial determinant in the uptake of these services. This study investigated the opinion of antenatal care attendees on male partners' role in the use of antenatal care services in Ekiti State. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and data obtained through semi-structured questionnaires administered to 600 antenatal clinic attendees at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti. Results Half (51.1%) of respondents attended antenatal care clinics to promote the development and growth of their unborn babies. Over a third (40.6%) of the respondents reported that the decision to attend an antenatal care clinic was made by ‘male partners’, while 82.8% of respondents had their male partners participate in activities that facilitated their use of antenatal care services. Conclusions Male partners play an important role in the uptake of antenatal care services. The authors advocate for policies to be created to increase male partner participation in the use of antenatal care services.
Bruegger's exercises vs deep cervical flexor training in asymptomatic participants with forward head posture: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chodankar Ashma , Gurudut Peeyoosha , Welling Aarti 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Forward head posture is the most frequent postural deviation in typically healthy individuals and is associated with rounding of the shoulders. Prevention should be considered when it is at the asymptomatic stage by screening and early exercise intervention. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Bruegger's exercises compared to deep cervical flexor training in asymptomatic participants with forward head posture. Methods This randomised controlled trial included 51 participants with asymptomatic forward head posture, who were allocated to one of three groups. One group undertook Bruegger's exercises with an elastic resistance band, another group performed deep cervical flexor training with a pressure biofeedback unit and the control group performed isometric neck exercises. Outcomes measured were the craniovertebral angle, the craniocervical flexion endurance test and the Pectoralis Minor Index, which were assessed at baseline on day 1 and at the end of the 3-week intervention. Follow-up assessment was undertaken for craniovertebral angle at 6 and 9 weeks from day 1 of the intervention. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, analysis of variance and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results All three groups showed improvements in craniovertebral angle and the craniocervical flexion endurance test when compared between pre- and post-intervention. Only those in the Bruegger's exercises group showed an increase in the length of the pectoralis minor according to the Pectoralis Minor Index. Deep cervical flexor muscle endurance increased significantly (P<0.0002) for those in the Bruegger's exercises group and deep cervical flexor training group. At the end of the intervention (week 3) (P<0.0205) and follow up at week 9 (P<0.0029), individuals in the Bruegger's exercises group had maintained the craniovertebral angle correction for longer than those in the deep cervical flexor training and control group. Conclusions Bruegger's exercises with an elastic resistance band was found to be an effective intervention exercise to correct posture from head to scapula and can be included in the treatment of patients with postural head and neck issues.
The association between vaginal hygiene practices and spontaneous preterm birth: A case-control study
Authors: Janssen Laura E. , Verduin Rubin J. T. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Oudijk Martijn A. , de Boer Marjon A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide and defining its risk factors is necessary to reduce its prevalence. Recent studies have pointed out that bacterial vaginosis, a disturbance in the vaginal microbiome, is associated with SPTB. It is hypothesized that vaginal hygiene practices can alter the vaginal microbiome and are therefore associated with SPTB, but there are no studies investigating this matter.

Methods and findings
A case-control study was conducted between August 2018 and July 2021 in two affiliated university medical centers in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We included a total of 79 women with a SPTB and compared them with 156 women with a term birth. Women with uterine anomalies, a history of cervical surgery or major congenital anomalies of the fetus were excluded. All participants filled in a questionnaire about vaginal washing with water, soap or gel, the use of intravaginal douches and vaginal steaming, both before and during pregnancy. Most women washed vaginally with water, 144 (61.3%) women before pregnancy and 135 (57.4%) women during pregnancy. A total of 43 (18.3%) washed with soap before and 36 (15.3%) during pregnancy. Before pregnancy, 40 (17.0%) women washed with vaginal gel and 27 (11.5%) during pregnancy. We found that the use of vaginal gel before pregnancy (aOR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.08–4.84) and even more during pregnancy, was associated with SPTB (aOR 3.45, 95% CI: 1.37–8.67). No association was found between washing with water or soap, intravaginal douching, or vaginal steaming and SPTB.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the use of vaginal gel is associated with SPTB. Women should be informed that vaginal use of gels might not be safe.
Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase 2 (CCBL2) expression as a prognostic marker of survival in breast cancer patients
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Wang Ling , He Miao , Yang Zhaoying , Jiao Yan , Hu Yubo , Wang Keren 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase 2 (CCBL2), also known as kynurenine aminotransferase 3 (KAT3) or glutamine transaminase L (GTL), plays an essential role in transamination and cytochrome P450. Its correlation with some other cancers has been explored, but breast cancer (BC) not yet.

Methods
The mRNA and protein expression of CCBL2 in BC cell lines and patient samples were detected by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). BC patients’ clinical information and RNA-Seq expression were acquired via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients were categorized into high/low CCBL2 expression groups based on the optimal cutoff value (8.973) determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We investigated CCBL2 and clinicopathological characteristics’ relationship using Chi-square tests, estimated diagnostic capacity using ROC curves and drew survival curves using Kaplan–Meier estimate. We compared survival differences using Cox regression and externally validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We evaluated enriched signaling pathways using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), explored CCBL2 and relevant genes’ relationship using tumor immunoassay resource (TIMER) databases and used the human protein atlas (HPA) for pan-cancer analysis and IHC.

Results
CCBL2 was overexpressed in normal human cell lines and tissues. CCBL2 expression was lower in BC tissues (n = 1104) than in normal tissues (n = 114), validated by GEO database. Several clinicopathologic features were related to CCBL2, especially estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and clinical stages. The low expression group exhibited poor survival. CCBL2’s area under curve (AUC) analysis showed finite diagnostic capacity. Multivariate cox-regression analysis indicated CCBL2 independently predicted BC survival. GSEA showed enriched pathways: early estrogen response, MYC and so on. CCBL2 positively correlated with estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors. CCBL2 was downregulated in most cancers and was associated with their survival, including renal and ovarian cancers.

Conclusions
Low CCBL2 expression is a promising poor BC survival independent prognostic marker.
Prevalence of probable depression and factors associated with mean Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) depression score among young women at high risk aged 15–24 years in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kamacooko Onesmus , Bagiire Daniel , Kasujja Francis Xavier , Mirembe Miriam , Seeley Janet , King Rachel 
Published: June 2022

Background
In populations at high risk of HIV infection, rates of depression can be elevated with far-reaching effects on overall well-being. There is limited research on depression among young women engaged in high-risk sexual behaviour in low and middle-income settings. We investigated the prevalence, correlates and factors associated with mean HSCL depression score among young women at high risk (aged 15–24 years old) in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a baseline analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Probable depression was measured using the 15-item Hopkins Symptoms Checklist for depression (HSCL). This checklist has been validated in Ugandan populations, and our reliability test gave a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.89. The test was administered to all the participants. Participants whose HSCL mean score was greater than 1.75 were categorized as having probable depression. Socio-demographics and behaviour data were collected and factors associated with mean HSCL depression score were analysed using multiple linear regression.

Results
Data was available for 600 participants, mean age 20.4 (SD±2.44) years. The prevalence of probable depression was 56% (95% CI, 52%-60%). Probable depression symptoms were most prevalent among those who reported ever-experiencing violence from a sexual partner (64.7%), those aged between 20–24 years (58.2%) and those who reported more than 10 sexual exposures in the month prior to the interview (56.8%). At the adjusted analysis level, condom use during their last sexual intercourse prior to the survey decreased probable depression symptoms by 0.147 units compared to those who never used condoms (β = -0.147, 95% CI -0.266–0.027). Having experienced physical violence by a sexual partners increased mean HSCL depression score by 0.183 units compared to those who have never experienced violence (β = 0.183, 95% CI 0.068–0.300). Participants who reported ever using drugs of addiction had their mean HSCL depression scoreincrease by 0.20 units compared to those who have never used (β = 0.20,95% CI 0.083–0.317).

Conclusions
Probable depression is high in this population and increased mean HSCL depression score is related to violence. Periodic screening for depression and interventions targeting depression, partner violence and risky sexual behaviours are recommended.
A shaky memory: the function of unreadable signs as Chinese online activism in the case of relaying The Whistle-Giver
Authors: Lai Yaqian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
On 10 March 2020, The Whistle-Giver 發哨子的人, an online report published by a Chinese state-run magazine, was deleted from WeChat and Weibo. Prior to its deletion, the report was translated, reposted, and widely circulated by Chinese netizens on Chinese social media. This ordinary (to the Western eye, at least) content sharing on social media was carried out in defiance of state censorship. The information contained in the report, which would have been erased were it not for the voluntary transmission of the message, is now part of the collective memory. This research article investigates the functions of unreadable signs in the transformation and diffusion of the original report as a tool of resistance to censorship. These signs ostensibly consist of scrambled codes as well as texts with concrete meanings. This article attempts to elucidate the interrelation between these unreadable signs, their mechanisms of action, and the particulars of this incident. These signs are the means by which the reposts circumvented censorship as they recorded, shaped, and revived memories of this incident. From the perspectives of linguistics, iconology, and rhetoric, the author argues that these signs resisted censorship by repackaging Dr Ai Fen’s individual memories, as contained in the original report. This collection of abstract images then came to constitute a collective memory. Ultimately this kind of activism means that not only the event itself, but also the whole process of transformation will eventually become inaccessible and will be of little help in future. This article aims to resolve the paradox that seems to arise when unreadable signs are intentionally used as a form of activism to resist censorship. Through this analysis, the author aims to provide greater insight into how the link between censorship and forgetting is severed. Finally, this article will demonstrate that translating and relaying, as a form of resistance and online activism, also carry an inherent risk of forgetting.
Auxiliary diagnosis study of integrated electronic medical record text and CT images
Authors: Yuanchuan Duan , Hang Diao , Shi Li , Kailin Liu , Yijie Feng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
At present, most of the research in the field of medical-assisted diagnosis is carried out based on image or electronic medical records. Although there is some research foundation, they lack the comprehensive consideration of comprehensive image and text modes. Based on this situation, this article proposes a fusion classification auxiliary diagnosis model based on GoogleNet model and Bi-LSTM model, uses GoogleNet to process brain computed tomographic (CT) images of ischemic stroke patients and extract CT image features, uses Bi-LSTM model to extract the electronic medical record text, integrates the two features using the full connection layer network and Softmax classifier, and obtains a method that can assist the diagnosis from two modes. Experiments show that the proposed scheme on average improves 3.05% in accuracy compared to individual image or text modes, and the best performing GoogleNet + Bi-LSTM model achieves 96.61% accuracy; although slightly less in recall, it performs better on F1 values, and has provided feasible new ideas and new methods for research in the field of multi-model medical-assisted diagnosis.