bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periductal bile acid exposure causes cholangiocyte injury and fibrosis
Authors: Dotan Miri , Fried Sophia , Har-Zahav Adi , Shamir Raanan , Wells Rebecca G. , Waisbourd-Zinman Orith 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Bile duct integrity is essential for the maintenance of the structure and function of the biliary tree. We previously showed that cholangiocyte injury in a toxic model of biliary atresia leads to increased monolayer permeability. Increased epithelial permeability was also shown in other cholangiopathies. We hypothesized that after initial cholangiocyte injury, leakage of bile acids into the duct submucosa propagates cholangiocyte damage and fibrosis. We thus aimed to determine the impact of bile acid exposure on cholangiocytes and the potential therapeutic effect of a non-toxic bile acid.

Materials and methods
Extrahepatic bile duct explants were isolated from adult and neonatal BALB/c mice. Explants were cultured with or without glycochenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid. They were then fixed and stained.

Results
Explants treated with glycochenodeoxycholic acid demonstrated cholangiocyte injury with monolayer disruption and partial lumen obstruction compared to control ducts. Masson’s trichrome stains revealed increased collagen fibers. Myofibroblast marker α-SMA stains were significantly elevated in the periductal region. The addition of ursodeoxycholic acid resulted in decreased cholangiocyte injury and reduced fibrosis.

Conclusions
Bile acid leakage into the submucosa after initial cholangiocyte injury may serve as a possible mechanism of disease propagation and progressive fibrosis in cholangiopathies.
Assessment and counseling to get the best efficiency and effectiveness of the assistive technology (MATCH): Study protocol
Authors: Pousada García Thais , Groba Gonzalez Betania , Nieto-Riveiro Laura , Canosa Domínguez Nereida , Maldonado-Bascón Saturnino , López-Sastre Roberto J. , Pacheco DaCosta Soraya , González-Gómez Isabel , Molina-Cantero Alberto J. , Pereira Loureiro Javier 
Published: March 2022

Aims
To determine the psychosocial impact of assistive technology(AT) based on robotics and artificial intelligence in the life of people with disabilities.

Background
The best match between any person with disabilities and its AT only can be gotten through a complete assessment and monitoring of his/her needs, abilities, priorities, difficulties and limitations. Without this analysis, it’s possible that the device won’t meet the individual’s expectations.
Therefore, it is important that any project focused on the development of innovating AT for people with disabilities includes the perspective of outcome measures as an important phase of the research. In this sense, the integration of the assessment, implementation process and outcome measures is crucial to guarantee the transferability for the project findings and to get the perspective from the final user.

Methods
Pilot study, with prospective, longitudinal and analytical cohort. The study lasts from July 2020 until April 2023. The sample is formed by people with disabilities, ages from 2–21, that will participate from the first stage of the process (initial assessment of their abilities and needs) to the final application of outcome measures instruments (with a complete implication during the test of technology).

Discussion
Only with the active participation of the person is possible to carry out a user-centered approach. This fact will allow us to define and generate technological solutions that really adjust to the expectations, needs and priorities of the people with disabilities, avoiding the AT from being abandoned, with the consequent health and social spending.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials ID: NCT04723784; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Perilaku Baca Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Cisarua Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Rohman Asep Saeful , Prijana Prijana , Yanto Andri 
Published: March 2022

Prestasi akademik hampir selalu dikaitkan dengan tingkat kecerdasan yang dimiliki siswa. Kali ini dicoba melalui pendekatan yang berbeda, yakni prestasi akademik dikaitkan dengan metode baca yang digunakan. Tujuannya yakni untuk mengetahui perilaku membaca dikalangan siswa kaitannya dengan prestasi akademik yang mereka capai. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) unit dan kelompok kontrol terdiri dari 4 (empat) unit. Data dianalisa untuk menguji efek variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat, memberikan perlakuan pada variabel bebas pada kelompok eksperimen dan membandingkannya dengan kelompok kontrol yang tanpa perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan baca siswa SMA yakni pada teks 1000 kata, dan kurang berkembang pada teks 2000 kata. Faktor jenis kelamin siswa IPA memiliki hubungan non-signifikan dengan prestasi akademik. Sementara faktor jenis kelamin siswa IPS memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan prestasi akademik. Faktor boarding school siswa IPA dan IPS memiliki hubungan non-signifikan dengan prestasi akademik. Metode baca good reading belum mampu mendongkrak prestasi akademik. Sementara metode baca reading habit mampu mendongkrak prestasi akademik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa good reading sebagai metode baca memiliki koefisien keeratan tingkat moderat sampai dengan tingkat sangat kuat jika dikaitkan dengan prestasi akademik, artinya siswa cukup adaptif terhadap good reading sebagai metode baca.
Preparation of vanadium by the magnesiothermic self-propagating reduction and process control
Authors: Jisen Yan , Zhihe Dou , Ting’an Zhang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new process for preparing vanadium by direct reduction of V2O5 from the Mg–V2O5 self-propagating system is proposed in this article. The reaction behavior and path of V2O5 in the magnesiothermic reduction process were investigated using the XRD, SEM-EDS, laser particle size analyzer, and specific surface area analyzer. The experimental results show that the reaction of the V2O5–Mg system is a solid-solid reaction, and the initial reaction temperature is 570°C. Although the formation of MgV2O4 spinel cannot be predicted via the calculation of thermodynamics, the presence of MgV2O4 spinel is of great significance to the V2O5 reduction process. Taking into account the characteristics of the gradual reduction of V2O5 by Mg and the appearance of the MgV2O4 spinel phase, the limiting link of the reaction may be the transition from MgV2O4 to V. A reduction path of V2O5 beyond the thermodynamic prediction is proposed: V2O5 → V3O5 → MgV2O4 → V. The reaction temperature and the phase transformation process can be effectively controlled by adjusting the ratio of reactants and additives, and element V can be obtained by a one-step rapid self-propagating reaction and breaking through the reaction restriction link. In this experiment, the vanadium powder with a porous structure, a specific surface area of 3.44 m2 g−1, and the oxygen content of 4.86 wt% were obtained.
Attacking Agility Actions: Match Play Contextual Applications With Coaching and Technique Guidelines
Authors: Dos'Santos Thomas , McBurnie Alistair , Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A. , Harper Damian 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Attacking agility actions, such as side steps, shuffle steps, crossover cutting, split steps, spins, decelerations, and sharp turns, are important maneuvers in invasion team sports, often linked with decisive match winning moments. Generally, the aims of these actions are to (a) evade and create separation from an opponent, (b) generate high exit velocities and momentums, or (c) facilitate a sharp redirection. However, these actions are also inciting movements associated with lower-limb injury. Given the importance of agility actions for sports performance and potential injury risk, in this review, we discuss the importance and contextual applications of attacking agility actions, while providing coaching and technique guidelines to best optimize the performance-injury risk conflict.
Anemia: Considerations for the Athletic Population
Authors: Russ Brian S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Anemia is a condition characterized by too few red blood cells, leading to diminished oxygen delivery, which can significantly impact exercise participation and athletic performance. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial. Some forms of anemia develop as a result of deficiencies in specific vitamins and minerals and may be modifiable, whereas other types are inherited disorders. Although nonmodifiable, the latter may be managed with the assistance of trained medical professionals. This article will provide an overview of the pathophysiology associated with common forms of anemia and provide an introduction to diagnostic testing procedures and treatment options. Additionally, the signs and symptoms will be discussed to help strength and conditioning professionals recognize this potentially impactful condition. This article concludes with a discussion of the influence iron deficiency has on sports participation.
Practical Strategies in Developing Strength and Plyometric Training to Improve Sprinting Speed in Female Student Athletes Within a School Curriculum
Authors: Talukdar Kaushik , McGuigan Mike , Harrison Craig 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Sprinting speed plays a crucial role in many sports, and it is considered a fundamental motor skill. Various training methods can be used to improve sprinting speed. Researchers have shown strength and plyometric training (PT) to be effective in improving sprinting speed. However, most studies have reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in adults and young males. There is a paucity of research that has reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females across maturation (pre-peak height, mid-peak height, and post-peak height velocity: peak height velocity student athletes, age 10–16 years). Moreover, no previous review has provided practical strength and PT strategies for young female student-athletes that acknowledge important factors such as growth, forces, and enjoyment. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of progressive strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females and provides practical training programs that can be implemented within a school curriculum. More specifically, this review provides exercise progressions in strength and power training for an eight-week training block that can be easily implemented by strength and conditioning coaches within a school term.
The Neural Bases of Action-Outcome Learning in Humans
Authors: Morris Richard W. , Dezfouli Amir , Griffiths Kristi R. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: March 2022

From an associative perspective the acquisition of new goal-directed actions requires the encoding of specific action-outcome (AO) associations and, therefore, sensitivity to the validity of an action as a predictor of a specific outcome relative to other events. Although competitive architectures have been proposed within associative learning theory to achieve this kind of identity-based selection, whether and how these architectures are implemented by the brain is still a matter of conjecture. To investigate this issue, we trained human participants to encode various AO associations while undergoing functional neuroimaging (fMRI). We then degraded one AO contingency by increasing the probability of the outcome in the absence of its associated action while keeping other AO contingencies intact. We found that this treatment selectively reduced performance of the degraded action. Furthermore, when a signal predicted the unpaired outcome, performance of the action was restored, suggesting that the degradation effect reflects competition between the action and the context for prediction of the specific outcome. We used a Kalman filter to model the contribution of different causal variables to AO learning and found that activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) tracked changes in the association of the action and context, respectively, with regard to the specific outcome. Furthermore, we found the mPFC participated in a network with the striatum and posterior parietal cortex to segregate the influence of the various competing predictors to establish specific AO associations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans and other animals learn the consequences of their actions, allowing them to control their environment in a goal-directed manner. Nevertheless, it is unknown how we parse environmental causes from the effects of our own actions to establish these specific action-outcome (AO) relationships. Here, we show that the brain learns the causal structure of the environment by segregating the unique influence of actions from other causes in the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and, through a network of structures, including the caudate nucleus and posterior parietal cortex, establishes the distinct causal relationships from which specific AO associations are formed.
The Development of Receptive Field Tuning Properties in Mouse Binocular Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Tan Liming , Ringach Dario L. , Trachtenberg Joshua T. 
Published: March 2022

The mouse primary visual cortex is a model system for understanding the relationship between cortical structure, function, and behavior (Seabrook et al., 2017; Chaplin and Margrie, 2020; Hooks and Chen, 2020; Saleem, 2020; Flossmann and Rochefort, 2021). Binocular neurons in V1 are the cellular basis of binocular vision, which is required for predation (Scholl et al., 2013; Hoy et al., 2016; La Chioma et al., 2020; Berson, 2021; Johnson et al., 2021). The normal development of binocular responses, however, has not been systematically measured. Here, we measure tuning properties of neurons to either eye in awake mice of either sex from eye opening to the closure of the critical period. At eye opening, we find an adult-like fraction of neurons responding to the contralateral-eye stimulation, which are selective for orientation and spatial frequency; few neurons respond to ipsilateral eye, and their tuning is immature. Fraction of ipsilateral-eye responses increases rapidly in the first few days after eye opening and more slowly thereafter, reaching adult levels by critical period closure. Tuning of these responses improves with a similar time course. The development and tuning of binocular responses parallel that of ipsilateral-eye responses. Four days after eye opening, monocular neurons respond to a full range of orientations but become more biased to cardinal orientations. Binocular responses, by contrast, lose their cardinal bias with age. Together, these data provide an in-depth accounting of the development of monocular and binocular responses in the binocular region of mouse V1 using a consistent set of visual stimuli and measurements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this manuscript, we present a full accounting of the emergence and refinement of monocular and binocular receptive field tuning properties of thousands of pyramidal neurons in mouse primary visual cortex. Our data reveal new features of monocular and binocular development that revise current models on the emergence of cortical binocularity. Given the recent interest in visually guided behaviors in mice that require binocular vision (e.g., predation), our measures will provide the basis for studies on the emergence of the neural circuitry guiding these behaviors.
Activity of Spinal Interneurons during Forward and Backward Locomotion
Authors: Musienko Pavel E. , Lyalka Vladimir F. , Gorskii Oleg V. , Zelenin Pavel V. , Deliagina Tatiana G. 
Published: March 2022

Higher vertebrates are capable not only of forward but also backward and sideways locomotion. Also, single steps in different directions are generated for postural corrections. While the networks responsible for the control of forward walking (FW) have been studied in considerable detail, the networks controlling steps in other directions are mostly unknown. Here, to characterize the operation of the spinal locomotor network during FW and backward walking (BW), we recorded the activity of individual spinal interneurons from L4 to L6 during both FW and BW evoked by epidural stimulation (ES) of the spinal cord at L5–L6 in decerebrate cats of either sex. Three groups of neurons were revealed. Group 1 (45%) had a similar phase of modulation during both FW and BW. Group 2 (27%) changed the phase of modulation in the locomotor cycle depending on the direction of locomotion. Group 3 neurons were modulated during FW only (Group 3a, 21%) or during BW only (Group 3b, 7%). We suggest that Group 1 neurons belong to the network generating the vertical component of steps (the limb elevation and lowering) because it should operate similarly during locomotion in any direction, while Groups 2 and 3 neurons belong to the networks controlling the direction of stepping. Results of this study provide new insights into the organization of the spinal locomotor circuits, advance our understanding of ES therapeutic effects, and can potentially be used for the development of novel strategies for recuperation of impaired balance control, which requires the generation of corrective steps in different directions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimals and humans can perform locomotion in different directions in relation to the body axis (forward, backward, sideways). While the networks that control forward walking have been studied in considerable detail, the networks controlling steps in other directions are unknown. Here, by recording the activity of the same spinal neurons during forward and backward walking, we revealed three groups of neurons forming, respectively, the network operating similarly during stepping in different directions, the network changing its operation with a change in the direction of stepping, and the network operating only during locomotion in a specific direction. These networks presumably control different aspects of the step. The obtained results provide new insights into the organization of the spinal locomotor networks.
Reliability based modeling of the performance of solar plants with multistate PV modules
Authors: ESEMEN Melek , GURLER Selma 
Published: March 2022

Solar energy is widely used as a renewable energy source in the world. Photovoltaic modules are the main components of a photovoltaic system to generate the solar power from the solar radiation. The photovoltaic modules may have multistate working conditions and different performance levels depending on the solar radiation. Each component can be in different states, namely, complete failure, partial working, and perfect functioning. In this study, we present a model for solar power systems with PV modules having various levels of operational performance. We develop a reliability model for the system's power regarding the $m$ threshold value that is the minimum required total performance level for the system. This model reflects the performance levels of PV modules and working probabilities of modules. The problem is considered under different conditions regarding the dependency of two types of multistate PV modules. Two numerical examples are also conducted to evaluate the reliability and power generated by two solar plants located in two different regions. Beta and Weibull distributions are used for the numerical calculations to differ solar radiation regimes in the regions.
Reseña del libro: Reseña del libro “Persona”
Authors: Jaramillo Marín Jefferson 
Published: March 2022

En 2018, el historiador, escritor y activista por los derechos humanos peruano, José Carlos Agüero Solórzano, obtuvo el Premio Nacional de Literatura de su país, en la categoría de No Ficción, con el libro Persona, publicado por el Fondo de Cultura Económica en 2017 y reimpreso en 2018.
Conocí a José Carlos en la conferencia internacional “Presencia del pasado. Urgencias del presente: los pasados autoritarios y totalitarios y los desafíos de las democracias contemporáneas” llevada a cabo en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre el 24 y 26 de junio 2019 y me impactó la lucidez de su presentación, pero, sobre todo, las conversaciones pausadas de pasillo con café, especialmente su habilidad para generar incomodidad creativa con la palabra. Luego de eso le hicimos una invitación para una charla en Bogotá el 29 de octubre de 2019, en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, que él mismo tituló “De la verdad moral a las verdades a secas. Las narrativas luego de la Comisión de Verdad y Reconciliación peruana”, charla que hizo parte de un ciclo de conferencias sobre “Pedagogías de la verdad”, organizado por el Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas junto con el Instituto Colombo-Alemán para la Paz – CAPAZ.
Improving Electronic Patient Handoff in an Orthopedic Residency using the Listrunner© Application.
Authors: Cline Justin , Nolte Jack , Mendez Gregory , Willis Jordan , Tarrant Seth , Zackula Rosalee , Dart Bradley 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Miscommunication during shift change and other handoff events is a common source of malpractice claims and patient-care errors. An efficient patient handoff system is imperative to prevent miscommunication. Owning to limitations with our current handoff system and to an ever-increasing reliance on electronic health information, our residency program sought to modernize our handoff method.
Methods. To improve handoff communication, we adopted the HIPAA-compliant application Listrunner©. Members of the orthopaedic trauma team were oriented to the new application. Change-of-shift patient handoff was then transitioned from the current email system to Listrunner©. After three months of using the new application, a web-based questionnaire was administered to all members of the care team to assess their experiences, including perceived benefits and limitations of the Listrunner© application.
Results. Seventeen orthopaedic resident physicians and three orthopaedic trauma attending physicians completed the survey. While almost half of the respondents were satisfied using email as a checkout tool, more than half of study participants indicated that it lacked security and several users believed there was a need for improvement. Most indicated that Listrunner© was easy to use, improved clinical efficiency, and improved patient care and safety. Seventeen of 20 respondents reported that they would like to continue using Listrunner© as a checkout tool.
Conclusions. The Listrunner© application was quickly adopted by our orthopaedic trauma team, whose members opined that the application increased the efficiency and accuracy of handoff when compared to the previous secure email system.