bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy and percutaneous drainage for distal biliary obstruction
Authors: Sawas Tarek , Bailey Natashay J. , Yeung Kit Ying Kitty Au , James Theodore W. , Reddy Sumana , Fleming Chad J. , Marya Neil B. , Storm Andrew C. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Petersen Bret T. , Martin John A. , Levy Michael J. , Baron Todd H. , Bun Teoh Anthony Yuen , Chandrasekhara Vinay 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CD) are alternate therapies to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stent placement for biliary decompression. The primary outcome of this study is to compare the technical and clinical success of PTBD to EUS-CD in patients with distal biliary obstruction. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs), need for reintervention, and survival.

Methods:
A multicenter retrospective cohort study from three different centers was performed. Cox regression was used to compare time to reintervention and survival and logistic regression to compare technical and clinical success and AE rates. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO).

Results:
A total of 86 patients (58 PTBD and 28 EUS-CD) were included. The two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, and cause of biliary obstruction, with malignancy being the most common etiology (80.2%). EUS-CD utilized lumen-apposing metal stents in 15 patients and self-expandable metal biliary stents in 13 patients. Technical success was similar been EUS-CD (100%) and PTBD (96.6%; P = 0.3). EUS-CD was associated with higher clinical success compared to PTBD (84.6% vs. 62.1%; P = 0.04). There was a trend toward lower rates of AEs with EUS-CD 14.3% versus PTBD 29.3%, odds ratio: 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–1.33, P = 0.14). The need for reintervention was significantly lower among patients who underwent EUS-CD (10.7%) compared to PTBD (77.6%) (hazard ratio: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.24; P < 0.001). A sensitivity analysis of only patients with MBO demonstrated similar rate of reintervention between the groups in individuals who survived 50 days or less after the biliary decompression. However, reintervention rates were lower for EUS-CD in those with longer survival.

Conclusion:
EUS-CD is a technically and clinically highly successful procedure with a trend toward lower AEs compared to PTBD. EUS-CD minimizes the need for reintervention, which may enhance end-of-life quality in patients with MBO and expected survival longer than 50 days.
Efficacy of laser photobiomodulation pulpotomy in human primary teeth
Authors: Yavagal Chandrashekar Murugesh , Lal Akshaya , Chavan Patil Viplavi Vijaysinh , Yavagal Puja C. , Neelakantappa Kiran Kumar , Hariharan Madhu 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Laser photobiomodulation (LPBM), also called Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), has shown potential to reduce the pulpal inflammation and to preserve the dental pulp vitality, thereby improving healing. Lasers being minimally invasive, safe, and patient friendly prompt its application in pediatric dentistry.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of LPBM and formocresol pulpotomy at 9 months post intervention in human primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled, split-mouth study design was followed involving children aged 4–7 years with at least two primary molars indicated for pulpotomy. Sixty-eight eligible primary molars were randomly allocated to two interventions – formocresol pulpotomy (Group I) and LPBM pulpotomy (Group II).

Statistical Analyses:
Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis fixing significance level at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical success rates between the formocresol group (97.05%) and the photobiomodulation group (94.1%) (χ2 = 0.34, P = 0.55); however, the radiographic success rate was significantly high in the laser group (94.1%) compared to the formocresol group (58.82%) (χ2 = 11.76, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
LPBM could be a viable nonpharmaceutical alternative for formocresol pulpotomy in human primary teeth
Evaluating the accuracy of two different age estimation methods in growing children in Navi Mumbai using Orthopantomograph
Authors: Naik Shilpa , Rajadhyaksha Nithi , Ghule Kiran Dattatray 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Age estimation through dental maturity indicators is relatively more accurate, reliable, and valid for living as well as dead individuals. It acts as an important tool in diagnosis and treatment planning in clinical as well as in forensic dentistry. There are various methods to estimate the dental age. Out of which, Demirjian's method has been widely used in various populations. However, there is a dearth of literature on Indian population comparing Demirjian's method to Cameriere's method.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian's and Cameriere's age estimation methods to chronological age in growing children using orthopantomograph (OPG).

Setting and Design:
The sample consisted of digital OPGs of 280 children in Navi Mumbai aged 5–16 years.

Materials and Methods:
Digital OPGs were used to assess the dental maturity of seven mandibular left teeth using Demirjian and Cameriere's method and were compared to the chronological age.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using Student's t tests.

Result:
Irrespective of gender, dental age estimated by Cameriere's method (mean 10.23 ± 2.79 years), underestimated the chronological age (mean 11.74 ± 2.86 years) for overall population which showed statistically significant difference. Demirjian's method overestimated (mean 12.24 ± 3.06 years) the chronological age for the overall population but was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
Demirjian's method is more closely in correlation with the chronological age of growing children as compared to the Cameriere method when applied to children of age 5–16 years in Navi Mumbai.
A comparative evaluation of probiotic formulations in prevention of dental caries
Authors: Sakhare Sneha , Shantanu Choudhari , Mopagar Viddyasagar , Hadpe Hrushikesh Sanjeev , Choughule Kishor , Dahapute Swapnil , Shetty Shridhar , Joshi Sourabh 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Caries is a multifactorial disease, microbes being an important etiological factor. “Probiotics” are nonpathogenic microbes which can stimulate health-promoting flora and suppress pathogens. It's the era of prevention, clinical approach toward prevention by altering bacterial ecology is the need of the hour. The aim of the study was to evaluate anticariogenic effect of probiotic curd (Amul's Probiotic Dahi) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La5) and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb12) in 6–12 years of age group.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, randomized, nonblinded study conducted on school children aged between 6 and 12 years having Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and/or deft ≥2. Selected subjects were divided into two groups of 31 each, study group received probiotic curd (“Amul's Probiotic Dahi”) two times a day in a quantity of 100 g, respectively, for 21 days and control group did not receive any intervention. Salivary Streptococcus mutans count and salivary pH estimation were done at the baseline, after 7 days and at the end after 24 days, for comparison.

Results:
No statistical difference was seen in salivary S. mutans count between both groups, after intervention of 7 days. However, there was significant difference in salivary S. mutans count at the end of 24 days. There was no statistical difference in salivary pH between both groups.

Conclusion:
The present study concludes that probiotics substitute decreases salivary S. mutans count after continuous consumption for 3 weeks and there is no short-term effect on salivary pH.
A cross-sectional cariogram-based comparison of caries risk profile in children with various levels of intellectual disability
Authors: Iype Priya Annie , Patil Sandya S. , Kakanur Madhu , Kumar Ravi S. , Srinivas L. S. , Nellamakkada Krithi , Thakur Rachna , More Snehalika Ashok 
Published: January 2022

Aim:
To compare the caries risk profile in children with mild, moderate, and severe intellectual disability (ID) using cariogram.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare caries risk profile using cariogram among 150 children aged 6–18 years, with various levels of ID (50 each in Mild ID, Moderate ID, and Severe ID groups), attending special schools in Bengaluru city. The risk assessment consisted of: a questionnaire, an interview, estimation of oral hygiene, saliva sampling, microbial evaluation and clinical examination. Statistical analysis of the results obtained was performed using Chi-square/Fischer's exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test.

Results:
The overall comparison showed significant differences between the groups across all parameters except diet (P = 0.131), fluoride exposure (P = 1), salivary flow rate (P = 0.3), and buffer capacity (P = 1). Caries risk was high among children with severe intellectually disability while the actual chance to avoid caries was found to be high in the Mild ID group. Bacteria was one of the dominant caries risk sectors followed by susceptibility, circumstances, and diet.

Conclusion:
Cariogram can be used as an effective tool in assessing caries prediction, thus aiding in identifying different risk groups in a community so that appropriate preventive measures can be implemented to overcome the caries risk.
Comparative evaluation of change in root canal shape and area in primary molars using ProTaper and K3 rotary systems
Authors: Sharma Pranjal , Kurthukoti Ameet J. , Sebastian Anesha , Mallikarjun Shanthala B. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Rotary instrument techniques have shown evidence of simultaneously enlarging the root canal and maintaining the canal anatomy. Protocols for the use of rotary systems in primary molars are not well established.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare root canal shape and area after ProTaper and K3 rotary instrumentation in primary molars.

Settings and Design:
Coronal access cavities with straight-line access into the root canals were prepared on primary mandibular molar teeth, extracted for therapeutic reasons. The teeth were aligned in a prefabricated template in individual self-cure acrylic blocks such that their respective positions could be reproduced later.

Subject and Methods:
Forty-two primary mandibular molar teeth selected were equally divided into three groups: instruments with stainless-steel (SS) hand K-files, ProTaper, and K3 Endo rotary system. Precomputed tomography (CT) slices were taken at predetermined levels (coronal, middle, and apical third) followed by instrumentation of canals using selected files and post-CT scan.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data obtained were evaluated using independent t-test with a 0.05 level of significance and ANOVA.

Results:
SS hand K-files and rotary ProTaper and K3 Endo of 0.04 taper produced a predominantly round shape at coronal, middle, and apical levels. ProTaper system caused the greatest increase in round-shaped canals and canal area followed by K3 Endo of 0.04 taper.

Conclusions:
Shaping abilities of both manual and rotary instrumentation systems in primary molars were similar, whereas for enlarging and maintaining anatomy, rotary systems (ProTaper and K3) were better.
Transitional Dental implant in Adolescent Patient – A Narrative Review
Authors: Hegde Rakshith , Sargod Sharan , Baliga Sudhindra , Raveendran Rubika 
Published: January 2022

Aim:
This article aims to review the literature available on transitional implants and elaborates on the same through a case report with a follow-up of 5 years.

Material and Method:
PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were screened for literature. Articles other than those in English language were excluded. For the review, the complete texts of 49 papers were acquired, with 34 of them being included in the review.

Conclusion:
Transitional implant placement could be considered as an alternative to removable or fixed resin bonded dental prosthesis in adolescents with a regular follow-up. In such patients, a detailed assessment of growth pattern and a prediction of growth completion has to be done before considering implant as a treatment option.
Effect of preconditioning the fractured coronal fragments with remineralizing agents on fracture resistance of re-attached teeth
Authors: Surekha Gadisetti Lakshmi , Vinay C , Baliga Sudhindra , Uloopi KS , RojaRamya Kakarla Sri , Penmatsa Chaitanya 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Fragment re-attachment has been considered as one of the treatment modalities for the management of fractured anterior teeth. Hydration of fractured fragments aids in inhibiting the loss of ions and maintains vitality and esthetics.

Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of preconditioning the fractured fragments with remineralizing agents on fracture resistance of re-attached teeth.

Settings and Design:
This was an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty freshly extracted noncarious human permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors were randomly allocated into three Groups of 20 each: Group 1: 2% sodium fluoride (2%NaF), Group 2: casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and Group 3: self-assembling peptide P11-4 (SAP). These were further divided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, based on contact time with remineralizing agents, i.e., 30 min and 2 h. Fractured fragments were treated with remineralizing agents for a specified contact time and then re-attached with flowable composite resin. Force required to fracture the re-attached tooth was recorded in Newtons using universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis:
Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and post hoc Tukey test were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:
A higher fracture resistance was noticed in fragments treated with 2% NaF (30 min- 215.6 N, 2 h- 188.5 N) compared to CPP-ACP (30 min- 141.3 N, 2 h- 111.1 N) and SAP (30 min- 134.8 N, 2 h- 149.5 N). At 30 min interval, it was found to be more in 2% NaF and CPP-ACP groups compared to 2 h. However, it increased with time in the SAP group. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups at both time intervals (P = 0.007 and 0.017).

Conclusion:
Preconditioning of fractured coronal fragments with 2% NaF showed higher fracture resistance compared to CPP-ACP and self-assembling peptide P11-4. Samples treated with SAP P11-4 exhibited good fracture resistance at 2 h contact time.
Estimation of salivary proteins in early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Suma Sogi H. P. , Shahi Prinka , Pathak Sidhant , Jain Mansi , Sidhu Tanvir 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Saliva being an important biological fluid of our body contains both specific and nonspecific protective factors which form an integral part of our immune system. Salivary proteins play a substantial role in protecting humans against infection. Their level in oral cavity is subject to constant variations which is dependent on various factors.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to compare the levels of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), glycoproteins, amylase bands, and salivary pH in children with early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis.

Materials and Methods:
The whole salivary pH, mean protein concentrations, and electrophoretic profiles of the salivary proteins were measured using sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both pre- and posttreatment groups. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 software. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to further compare the results.

Results:
The results were statistically significant in all the groups. There was variation in pre- and posttreatment values seen.

Conclusion:
Salivary proteins (glycoproteins, PRPs, and amylase) establish an imperative defense mechanism as antimicrobial agents.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy different bioactive smart composites
Authors: Chaudhari Pradnya Ramkrishna , Shashikiran N. D. , Gugawad Sachin , Gaonkar Namrata , Taur Swapnil , Hadkar Savita , Bapat Shreya 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Composites are the widely used restorative materials, and over the year, newer restorative composites have been introduced to eliminate the drawbacks of previous ones. The recent advance in restorative dentistry is bioactive restorative materials. However, bacterial plaque formation on these restorations is the primary reason for secondary caries.

Aims and objectives:
The purpose of this study was to do the comparative evaluation of bioactive restorative composites (Beautifil Flow Plus, Activa BioACTIVE, and Filtek Z250 XT as control) for their antibacterial efficacy under in vitro conditions.

Materials and Method:
Thirty material blocks were used for this evaluation. Antibacterial efficacy was checked against Streptococcus mutans and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results:
The results showed that Activa BioACTIVE shows maximum number of dead bacteria on the material surface compared to other groups.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded as it has maximum antibacterial efficacy among tested materials.
Effect of Er, Cr
Authors: Subramanian Saravana Kumar , Anbarasu Prema , Joushua R S , Jeyaraj Yamini , Iyer Sushmitha R , Bhaskar Nivethitha 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Laser etching addresses the disadvantages of conventional acid etching technique, such as enamel decalcification and formation of white spot lesions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and the surface characteristics of the samples treated with conventional acid etching and Er, Cr: YSGG laser etching with variable output power and time durations.

METHODOLOGY:
The study sample included 78 extracted teeth divided into six groups of 13 teeth each, and 3 samples from each group were utilized for analyzing etch patterns, and the remaining 10 teeth from each group were used for evaluating the shear bond strength. In Group I phosphoric acid etching was done, whereas in Group II– VI Laser etching 1.5 W/10 s, 1.5 W/15 s, 3 W/5 s, 3 W/10 s, 3 W/15 s. Statistical analysis for shear bond strength testing was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Post HOC tests.

RESULTS:
The mean shear bond strength of Group I was 7.16 Mpa and Group III of 5.43 Mpa. Group II, IV, V, and VI had mean shear bond strength of 4.93 Mpa, 3.88 Mpa, 4.05 Mpa, and 4.88 Mpa, respectively. The ARI scores Group I had a significant number of samples with scores 2 other groups showed increased Score 0. The etch pattern of groups I, II, III showed the combined dissolution of both prism cores, and peripheries were seen. In group IV, the etching pattern was irregular with the pitted type of surface. In groups V and VI, relatively flat and smooth enamel surface was seen.

CONCLUSION:
The bond strength attained by laser etching (1.5 W/10 s and 1.5 W/15 s) was comparable to that obtained by the acid etching technique.
Anthropometric measurements of peri-oral region in a sample of Iraqi thalassemic patients
Authors: Al-Taee Riad , Al-Saedi Aqeel Ibrahim Lazim , Nahidh Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Thalassemia, one of the most widespread autosomal recessive disorders, is characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of hemoglobin beta chains and is frequently coupled with variable craniofacial characteristics. Thalassemic patients suffer from severe anemia, which triggers several defense mechanisms in the body, such as bone marrow expansion, which forces the bones to expand, resulting in craniofacial bone deformities. This study aims to assess and compare the orofacial dimensions of β-thalassemia patients with those of a control group across similar ages and gender.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Three hundred Iraqi individuals agreed to participate in this study (150 non-thalassemic and 150 thalassemic patients with an equal distribution of genders). A well-trained researcher carried out five anthropometric measurements by using an electronic digital caliper. Gender and group differences were tested using an independent sample t test.

RESULTS:
Mouth width showed clinical and statistically significant group differences among all measurements in the study group.

CONCLUSIONS:
All measurements except mouth width showed nonsignificant clinical group differences.
Cytotoxicity effect of orthodontic miniscrew-implant in different types of mouthwash
Authors: Utami Wulan S. , Anggani Haru S. , Purbiati Maria 
Published: January 2022

CONTEXT:
Orthodontic miniscrew implants (OMIs) are widely used as anchorage alternatives, but recent studies revealed the corrosion behavior of OMIs when they come in contact with mouthwashes. The corrosion materials that are released can cause toxicity, allergy, and mutagenicity.

AIMS:
This study aims to analyze the cytotoxicity effects of OMIs exposed to different types of mouthwash using human gingival fibroblast (HGFs).

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Experimental laboratory research.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:
Twenty-eight samples of Ti alloy OMIs immersed separately in four groups of different types of mouthwash (chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% mouthwash (CHX), fluoridated (sodium fluoride 0.2%) mouthwash, chitosan mouthwash 1.5%, and aquadest) for 28 d. Elution of each group and the mouthwash itself were added to the cell culture and incubated for 24 h. Changes in cell viability were performed by MTT Assay.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Data were tested for normality with Shapiro–Wilk, homogeneity with Levene test, and analyzed using an independent T-test (P < 0.05).

RESULTS:
The differences between the cytotoxicity of the elution of MIO and the mouthwash solution itself in the group of CHX and Fluoride were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the group of chitosan and aquadest (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The 1.5% chitosan mouthwash can be offered to patients with Ti alloy-based OMIs rather than the 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwashes.
A correlative study of sella turcica bridging and dental anomalies related to size, shape, structure, number and eruption of teeth
Authors: Saokar Priyanka C. , Dinesh MR , Shetty Akshai 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this study is to get a wider and clearer idea about the relationship between sella turcica bridging and the type of dental anomalies related to size, shape, number, structure and eruption of teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
For the present study, 50 pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs showing complete sella turcica bridging were retrieved from the 500 existing case records of patients. The control group consisted of 50 pretreatment lateral cephalograms without sella turcica bridging retrieved from the same case records by using simple random sampling. After collection of the samples, retrospective study was performed with the analysis of patient records to assess any associated dental anomaly in patients with sella turcica bridging and patients without sella turcica bridging. Shafer's classification of morphological variations in size, shape, structure, number and eruption of teeth was used to analyze and group the dental anomalies.

RESULTS:
The incidence of dental anomalies related to number and size of teeth was found to be higher in cases with sella turcica bridging.

CONCLUSION:
Lateral cephalogram is used by orthodontist routinely for diagnosis and treatment planning; it can be used as a prediction tool for dental anomalies as well. Early detection of skeletal anomalies can be used to forecast the presence of dental anomalies later in life, which will help the clinician to adopt preventive measures.