bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive and Hypotensive Emergencies in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Trivedi Surbhi B. , Ray Charles E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHyper- and hypotensive emergencies represent some of the most severe clinical issues that can occur during or around an interventional radiology procedure. While some patients are known to be more predisposed to cardiovascular collapse, nearly all patients are at risk for such an outcome. This is particularly true of patients undergoing moderate sedation, with the possibility of cardiovascular compromise occurring not just due to the underlying pathology for which the patient is being treated, but as a complication of sedation itself. Understanding the underlying cause of hyper- or hypotension is paramount to performing an appropriate and timely intervention. While the underlying cause is being corrected—if possible—the changes in blood pressure themselves may need to be intervened upon to maintain cardiovascular stability in these patients. Interventional radiologists must be familiar with measures taken to correct hyper- or hypotensive emergencies, including the most commonly used medications to treat these disorders. This article discusses the most common etiologies of such clinical scenarios, and the most common interventions performed for these settings.
HRI Online 2022: Leading International Experts Illustrate the Positive Impact of Increased Collaboration in Homeopathy Research
Authors: Roberts E. Rachel , Eizayaga José E. , van der Werf Esther T. , Tournier Alexander L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Homeopathy Research Institute (HRI) welcomed more than 450 people from 35 countries to their first online event on June 25, 2022. The one-day programme featured an excellent line-up of international speakers and provided a unique interactive platform in keeping with the theme of the event – Key Collaborations in Homeopathy Research. Scientists from a range of different research fields gave an exceptional insight into the current status of homeopathy research. Here we give an overview of the most significant findings in both clinical and basic research presented during HRI Online 2022.
Oncopharmacology in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Raja Junaid , Madoff David C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe broad scope of malignancies treated in interventional oncology is mirrored by the breadth of oncotherapeutics, drugs used to treat cancer. Many of these treatments are administered endovascularly, though a group of therapies can be delivered percutaneously. Perhaps the best taxonomy of oncotherapeutics is based on their biological inactivity or activity and the mechanism by which they interact with treated and targeted tissues. As the fields of interventional oncology and oncotherapeutics continue to grow and expand, this framework may provide a more organized approach in helping distinguish and select the best therapy for patients.
Oncologic Interventions: Periprocedural Medications
Authors: Boumezrag Maryam , Banovac Filip 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSignificant advances in ablative and endovascular therapies have allowed interventional radiology to play a substantial role in the management of patients with malignant neoplasms. The evolution of these procedures and the optimization of patient outcomes and experience must take into account various elements of the periprocedural period. Some of the most important considerations within the periprocedural period are the pharmacologic agents used to avoid infectious complications, decrease pain, and manage side effects. In this article, we discuss some of the most commonly used medications in interventional oncology procedures including antibiotics, narcotics, sedatives, antiemetics, and others.
Delayed Care Seeking and Outcomes of Testicular Torsion among Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ye Zihan , Chen Hongsong , Liu Xing , Wei Guanghui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), stay-at-home orders and fear caused by the pandemic have had a significant effect on the timing and outcomes of testicular torsion. However, the evidence was limited since the study results were inconsistent. This study aims to examine the hospitalization rates, timing, and outcomes of testicular torsion in children before and during the pandemic.
Materials and Methods Using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases, we conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis of studies reporting the timing and outcomes of children admitted with testicular torsion before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible sources of heterogeneity.
Result The outcomes of 899 testicular torsion patients from eight studies were evaluated. Our study found an increased hospitalization rate for patients with testicular torsion (incidence rate ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–2.03; p = 0.001). Despite a significant increase in the duration of symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic (weighted mean difference = 11.04, 95% CI: 2.75–19.33; p = 0.009), orchiectomy rates did not increase (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.85–2.10; p = 0.147).
Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalization rates for testicular torsion and the duration of symptoms among children increased significantly. Moreover, the rate of orchiectomy did not increase during the pandemic, indicating that pediatric emergency services have remained efficient and have prevented an increase in the number of orchiectomies performed despite pandemic-related closures and delays in transporting patients to medical care.
Vertex effects in describing the ionization energies of the first-row transition-metal monoxide molecules
Authors: Wang Yanyong , Ren Xinguo 
Published: November 2022

The GW approximation is considered to be the simplest approximation within Hedin’s formulation of many-body perturbation theory. It is expected that some of the deficiencies of the GW approximation can be overcome by adding the so-called vertex corrections. In this work, the recently implemented G0W0Γ0(1) scheme, which incorporates the vertex effects by adding the full second-order self-energy correction to the GW self-energy, is applied to a set of first-row transition-metal monoxide (TMO) anions. Benchmark calculations show that results obtained by G0W0Γ0(1) on top of the B3LYP hybrid functional starting point (SP) are in good agreement with experiment data, giving a mean absolute error of 0.13 eV for a testset comprising the ionization energies (IEs) of 27 outer valence molecular orbitals (MOs) from nine TMO anions. A systematic SP-dependence investigation by varying the ratio of the exact exchange (EXX) component in the PBE0-type SP reveals that, for G0W0Γ0(1), the best accuracy is achieved with 20% EXX. Further error analysis in terms of the orbital symmetry characteristics (i.e., σ, π, or δ) in the testset indicates the best amount of EXX in the SP for G0W0Γ0(1) calculations is independent of MO types, and this is in contrast with the situation in G0W0 calculations, where the best EXX ratio varies for different classes of MOs. Despite its success in describing the absolute IE values, we, however, found that G0W0Γ0(1) faces difficulties in describing the energy separations between certain states of interest, worsening the already underestimated G0W0 predictions.
The optimal tuning of electronic structure, magnetic, and optical properties of (Fe, V + VO/VSn) co-doped SnO2 via first-principles calculations
Authors: Gao Yu , He Jianhong , Guo Huazhong 
Published: November 2022

Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) with both charge and spin degrees of freedom have emerged as promising candidates in the spintronic industry. However, the Curie temperature below room temperature and uncertainty about the origin of ferromagnetism hinder the application of DMSs. To address these issues, we explored a better SnO2-based co-doped method (Fe, V + VSn) using ab initio calculations. The calculation results show that the Sn13FeVO32 (Fe, V + VSn) has a high Curie temperature (716 K), good ferromagnetic properties, stronger covalency of bonds, and better optical transparency in the visible light range. In addition, the holes or electrons generated by the complexes in the (Fe, V + VO/VSn) co-doped system cause a spin-polarized double exchange effect in the Fe-3d, V-3d, and O-2p orbitals, which leads to magnetism of the co-doped systems. The static dielectric constant ɛ1(0) of the system increases after doping. Among them, Sn14FeVO31 (Fe, V + VO) has the largest ɛ1(0), indicating that Sn14FeVO31 has the strongest polarization ability and better photocatalytic properties. In Sn14FeVO31, the imaginary part of the dielectric function and the absorption spectrum all have new peaks in the low-energy region, which are caused by the jump of electrons from the guide band of the spin-polarized impurity energy level. This paper proposes a new method for preparing dilute magnetic semiconductors in spin electronic devices with high room temperature ferromagnetic properties and excellent optical properties through the (Fe, V + VO/VSn) co-doped SnO2.
Importance of humidity and temperature in breech strike of Merino sheep
Authors: Greeff J. C. , Schlink A. C. , Karlsson L. J. E. , Vercoe P. E. , Gilmour A. R. 
Published: November 2022

Context Breech strike is a serious disease particularly in wool sheep. Skin wrinkle and dags are known predisposing factors for breech strike, although a large part of the variation between sheep is unexplained. Aims We used sensor buttons to determine whether there were differences in humidity and temperature in the breech area of Merino sheep exposed to blowflies without traditional preventive measures being used in the flock. Methods Sixty-two Merino rams and 62 Merino ewes that had high or low breeding values for breech strike were each fitted with a sensor button to record hourly temperature and humidity in the breech over 49 days. The sensors were fitted before the onset of the blowfly season. The sensor was tied to a wool staple close to the skin in the breech and was removed when a sheep was struck. All remaining buttons were removed prior to shearing. Breech wrinkle, neck wrinkle, breech cover and faecal soiling (dags) were recorded on all the sheep. A total of 98 213 hourly temperature and humidity records were analysed with cubic smoothing splines to assess how humidity and temperature differed between struck and unstruck sheep, and whether the breech indicator traits affect temperature and humidity in the breech. Results Time of day and day-to-day variation prior to being struck explained most of the variation of temperature and humidity in the breech of the sheep. Humidity and temperature increased with an increase in breech cover. The humidity in the breech area was, on average, 2% higher in struck sheep prior to being struck. There was a sharp increase in humidity in struck sheep in the 8 days leading up to detection of breech strike relative to unstruck animals, most probably due to exudate from the wound. Conclusions Sheep prone to be struck have higher humidity in the breech than sheep less prone to be struck. Implications Temperature in the breech does not qualify as a potential indicator trait for breech strike in wool sheep, whereas humidity needs further research to determine its effectiveness as a potential indicator trait.
At the intersection of language, conflict, and security
Authors: Medda-Windischer Roberta , Carlà Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile conflicts involving language are always intertwined with other issues such as ethnic and racial identity, religion, and democratic participation, the importance of the linguistic dimension is often underestimated, along with the difficulties of achieving effective, just and sustainable solutions through language legislation and policy. Language policies have political and social consequences; they can reinforce or diffuse conflicts and social unrest between language groups, they can accelerate language loss or facilitate language revitalization, and they can be instruments of inclusion or exclusion affecting the stability and security of the society. Against this background, this Special Issue aims to shed light on how language diversity impacts conflict and security. In particular, the SI will look at how issues revolving around language diversity interplay with security concerns and which dynamics trigger processes of securitization of language issues. How to balance language diversity to prevent conflict and promote security of linguistic majorities and minorities? How to reconcile the demands for linguistic diversity and political stability and unity? What is the role of international organizations in these processes? And how can the risk of the essentialization of linguistic communities and minority cultures leading to the division of societies into us-versus-them antagonisms thereby be overcome?
Quantitative research methods in ISLA
Authors: Li Shaofeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive, in-depth discussion of quantitative research methods in ISLA. It starts by informing the reader of the basic elements and principles of quantitative ISLA research and the major research questions examined. It then identifies three categories of ISLA research: experimental, correlational, and observational, followed by a discussion of the methods for evaluating the quality of quantitative research from the perspectives of construct validity, internal validity, external validity, and statistical conclusion validity. The chapter proceeds to offer advice for future researchers on how to carry out original and robust quantitative research and propose strategies to address common methodological issues. A conclusion is offered at the end.
Replication research in instructed SLA
Authors: McManus Kevin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Replication is a research methodology designed to verify, consolidate, and advance knowledge and understanding within empirical fields of study. By repeating a study’s methodology (with or without change), a replication aims to better understand the nature and generalizability of a previous study’s findings. This chapter introduces readers to the replication research process, beginning with a description of what replication research is, what the most common types of replication research are, and why carrying out replication is important. Close attention is paid to the types of research questions that replication studies are designed to investigate. This is followed by an overview of replication in the field of ISLA, with links to studies and resources. In addition, specific guidelines are provided for carrying out and reporting replication studies. Recommendations for future replications in ISLA are suggested as well as ways in which researchers can integrate replication into future programs of research.
Pragmatics
Authors: Taguchi Naoko , Youn Soo Jung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The field of instructed SLA (ISLA) has grown rapidly in recent years to examine how systematic manipulations of instructional conditions can lead to the development of second language (L2) knowledge and use (Loewen & Sato, 2017). Following this trend, L2 pragmatics researchers have implemented various instructional methods and examined their effectiveness using experimental designs (Taguchi, 2015; Taguchi & Roever, 2017). The critical issue in this practice is how to assess learning outcomes in order to make a claim that certain instructional methods can produce robust pragmatic knowledge. To address this question, this chapter presents an overview of assessment methods used in analyzing pragmatics learning outcomes. The chapter surveys instructed L2 pragmatics studies published in the last four decades to identify common assessment methods (i.e., discourse completion tasks and role-play tasks). We provide step-by-step illustrations of expert studies in order to demonstrate how researchers design an assessment task, evaluate learning, and interpret results. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenges and limitations of current methods and provides direction for addressing such challenges in pragmatics research.
Vocabulary
Authors: Iwaizumi Emi , Webb Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Acquiring vocabulary knowledge is a vital part of L2 learning because vocabulary plays a significant role in every mode of communication (reading, listening, writing, and speaking). For learners to become independent users of a L2, they must know many thousands of words and learn how to use them well in communication. For example, learners of English must acquire up to 9,000 words (e.g., happy) and their morphologically-related forms (e.g., happiness, unhappy, happily) to comprehend spoken and written texts (e.g., conversation, television programs, films, novels, and newspapers) (Nation, 2006; Webb & Rodgers, 2009a, 2009b). Moreover, acquisition of L2 vocabulary entails learning different aspects of word knowledge such as word parts, collocations, and associations, not only learning form-meaning connections. Thus, the teaching, learning, and researching of L2 vocabulary can be highly complex. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a guide to researching instructed second language vocabulary acquisition. The chapter sets out to provide (1) an overview of key concepts in vocabulary research, (2) a brief overview of L2 vocabulary research focusing on intervention studies, (3) an overview of a frequently employed study design (pretest-posttest design), different measures for assessing L2 vocabulary knowledge as well as options and cautions for interpreting data, (4) advice for future vocabulary researchers, and (5) tips to overcome potential challenges.
Grammar
Authors: Toth Paul D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Meaningfully assessing the effect of instruction on second language (L2) grammatical development requires research that credibly relates observed learner behaviors to relevant theories of language and language learning. After defining the role of grammar in meaningful language use, this chapter compares cognitive and social views of grammatical development to identify key constructs for exploration in ISLA research. It illustrates the relationship between theory and L2 elicitation strategies by first outlining general principles and then describing the design of acceptability judgment tasks and picture description tasks in detail, along with a framework for working with classroom recordings. Specific examples from the author’s research in U.S. high school L2 Spanish classrooms on explicit grammar instruction will be provided. Advice to future researchers will center on empowering readers to find optimal research designs through awareness of the questions about teaching and learning they wish to explore.
Plain-emphatic R phonemes in Arabic
Authors: Youssef Islam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rhotics exhibit considerable variability across Arabic dialects, pertaining mainly to the notorious emphatic-plain distinction. This chapter aims to establish the underlying R phonemes (and their contextually conditioned allophones) in three different varieties of spoken Arabic, evidence of which is sought in phonological distribution and processes that target or are triggered by R. Examination of such evidence reveals three patternings of R phonemes: split-R, emphatic-R, and plain-R. The analysis, which employs a minimalist model of feature geometry, shows that different phonological representations can be ascertained through the patterning of the R phoneme(s) in the particular variety. It also confirms that phonetic criteria are not sufficient to determine the representation of a sound, and in so doing provides evidence for phonetics-phonology mismatches.
Tracing the acquisition of definiteness in Emirati Arabic
Authors: Ntelitheos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents initial results on the acquisition trajectory of the definite determiner əl- in Emirati Arabic. It is shown that Emirati children follow a maturational process sporadically producing target-like fully inflected DPs early on, but dropping determiners frequently in obligatory syntactic contexts, including prepositional phrases, after demonstratives, with generic nouns and certain proper names. In addition, children add determiners in contexts where they are illicit in the target language, including new referents and possessive structures. We argue for an intact syntactic D-system in early stages of acquisition but that the DP projection is underspecified, due to pragmatic factors, i.e. the children have not yet fully mastered the complex interplay between syntactic environment and pragmatic/discourse knowledge.
Investigating the scopes of textual metrics for learner level discrimination and learner analytics
Authors: Gaillat Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the linguistic interpretation of complexity metrics in L2 proficiency assessment. By analysing 84 formulas of metrics linked to lexical diversity, readability and syntactic complexity, we identify a taxonomy of their underlying linguistic scopes. These metrics are classified according to text, sentence, clause, phrase and word scopes with attributes and methods. Homogeneity of scopes was evaluated by applying a mixed clustering PCA approach to metrics computed for 328 L2 texts. Discriminative power was evaluated with a random forest approach on the same dataset including the CEFR levels. Results show that metrics are diversely clustered but they also suggest in-cluster homogeneity. The CEFR classification shows mixed results suggesting that diversity, repetition and size in word and text scopes are significant.
Syntactic complexity measures as linguistic correlates of proficiency level in learner Russian
Authors: Kisselev Olesya , Klimov Aleksandr , Kopotev Mihail 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The study reports on the results of a corpus-based evaluation of automatically extracted syntactic complexity measures as indices of Russian as a foreign language (FL) and Russian as a heritage language (HL) writing development. A list of 12 syntactic complexity measures was tested on a set of longitudinal, classroom-based data. The analyses demonstrated that the syntactic complexity measures help delineate four proficiency levels (Intermediate Mid, Intermediate High, Advanced Low and Advanced Mid as established through the ACTFL proficiency guidelines), and that the changes in syntactic complexity indices across levels pattern slightly differently in the FL vs. HL learner groups. Our research confirms that the overall trends in interlanguage development in Russian align with the “complexification” trends found for other second languages.
Measuring lexical accuracy
Authors: Hoffmann Tim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study seeks to contribute to the dialogue about the creation and application of lexical error annotation schemes for the purpose of studying learner language. It outlines some of the common issues that the creators of such lexical error annotation schemes face on the theoretical level, as well as the less theoretical issues that annotators encounter in practice. The chapter further illustrates the importance of a clean separation of codes that pertain to error description from those that seek to explain errors. In doing so, the study also highlights the importance of the hierarchical structure of error tag sets and how this (previously under-utilized) concept has implications for the comparability of results across learner corpora and their respective annotation schemes.