bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Lake Emergent Aquatic Vegetation for Estimating Arctic‐Boreal Methane Emissions
Authors: Kyzivat Ethan D. , Smith Laurence C. , Garcia‐Tigreros Fenix , Huang Chang , Wang Chao , Langhorst Theodore , Fayne Jessica V. , Harlan Merritt E. , Ishitsuka Yuta , Feng Dongmei , Dolan Wayana , Pitcher Lincoln H , Wickland Kimberly P. , Dornblaser Mark M. , Striegl Robert G. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Butman David E. , Gleason Colin J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAreas of lakes that support emergent aquatic vegetation emit disproportionately more methane than open water but are under‐represented in upscaled estimates of lake greenhouse gas emissions. These shallow areas are typically less than ∼1.5 m deep and can be detected with synthetic aperture radar (SAR). To assess the importance of lake emergent vegetation (LEV) zones to landscape‐scale methane emissions, we combine airborne SAR mapping with field measurements of vegetated and open‐water methane flux. First, we use Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR data from the NASA Arctic‐Boreal Vulnerability Experiment to map LEV in 4,572 lakes across four Arctic‐boreal study areas and find it comprises ∼16% of lake area, exceeding previous estimates, and exhibiting strong regional differences (averaging 59 [50–68]%, 22 [20–25]%, 1.0 [0.8–1.2]%, and 7.0 [5.0–12]% of lake areas in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Yukon Flats, and northern and southern Canadian Shield, respectively). Next, we account for these vegetated areas through a simple upscaling exercise using paired methane fluxes from regions of open water and LEV. After excluding vegetated areas that could be accounted for as wetlands, we find that inclusion of LEV increases overall lake emissions by 21 [18–25]% relative to estimates that do not differentiate lake zones. While LEV zones are proportionately greater in small lakes, this relationship is weak and varies regionally, underscoring the need for methane‐relevant remote sensing measurements of lake zones and a consistent criterion for distinguishing wetlands. Finally, Arctic‐boreal lake methane upscaling estimates can be improved with more measurements from all lake zones.
Along‐Strike Variation in the Initiation Timing of the North‐Trending Rifts in Southern Tibet as Revealed From the Yadong‐Gulu Rift
Authors: Bian Shuang , Gong Junfeng , Zuza Andrew V. , Yang Rong , Chen Lin , Ji Jianqing , Yu Xiangjiang , Tian Yihong , Yu Zhiquan , Cheng Xiaogan , Lin Xiubin , Chen Hanlin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA key issue in the Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan plateau is the geodynamic drivers for north‐trending rifting in southern Tibet. Recent studies have demonstrated an eastward propagation pattern for rift initiation, but the along‐strike variations remain poorly resolved. Two models that predict different north‐south rift kinematics include northward underthrusting or southward tearing of the Indian lithospheric slab, predicting a northward or southward propagation trend of individual rifts along strike, respectively. The Yadong‐Gulu rift (YGR) is an ideal case to investigate this issue due to its long strike length (∼500 km) and location above proposed slab‐tear structures. Here, we compile constraints on both rift initiation and acceleration, and report new apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He thermochronological data along the southern segment of YGR. Our main findings are as follows. First, the rifts west of the YGR initiated simultaneously along strike, which we suggest is at odds with predictions of either slab‐tear or slab‐underthrusting models. However, most of these rifts show a northward younging pattern in rift acceleration, which may be governed by low‐angle Indian slab underthrusting released by slab tearing. Second, the initiation timing of the Yadong rift is constrained at ∼13–11 Ma. Combined with published constraints along strike, we demonstrate a clear northward propagation in rift initiation along the YGR. This kinematic pattern may be affected by its orientation of the most oblique northeast‐trending among all rift systems or the outward expansion of the Himalayan arc.
Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation
Authors: Tang Hao , Niu Jiaqi , Jin Han , Lin Shujing , Cui Daxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPassive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
Smartphone gaming induces dry eye symptoms and reduces blinking in school-aged children
Authors: Chidi-Egboka Ngozi Charity , Jalbert Isabelle , Golebiowski Blanka 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Smartphone use by children is rising rapidly, but its ocular surface impact is unknown. This study examined the effect of smartphone use on blinking, symptoms, and tear function in children.

Methods
Prospective intervention study where 36 children aged 6–15years (14 M:22 F) played games on a smartphone continuously for one hour. Symptoms (SANDE, IOSS, NRS) and tear film (lipid layer thickness, tear secretion, stability) were assessed before and after gaming. Blink rate and interblink interval were measured in situ using an eye tracking headset, before (during conversation) and continuously throughout gaming. Symptoms and tear film changes were examined using paired t-tests. Changes in blinking throughout one hour were examined using repeated measures ANOVA, post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Associations examined using Pearson bivariate correlation. Significance level was 0.05.

Results
Symptoms worsened following one hour smartphone gaming (SANDE + 8.2units, p = 0.01; IOSS + 1.3units, p < 0.001; NRS-average +6.3units, p = 0.03; NRS-comfort +7.6units, p = 0.04; NRS-tiredness +10.1units, p = 0.01), but tear film remained unchanged. Blink rate reduced from 20.8 blinks/min to 8.9 blinks/min (p < 0.001) and interblink interval increased from 2.9 s to 8.7 s (p = 0.002) within the first minute of gaming relative to baseline conversation, and this effect remained unchanged throughout one hour of gaming.

Conclusions
Smartphone use in children results in dry eye symptoms and immediate and sustained slowing of blinking, with no change in tear function evident up to one hour. Given the ubiquitous use of smartphones by children, future work should examine whether effects reported herein persist or get worse over a longer term causing cumulative damage to the ocular surface.
Unexpected response of nitrogen deposition to nitrogen oxide controls and implications for land carbon sink
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Shang Fang , Lu Xingjie , Huang Xin , Song Yu , Liu Bing , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xuejun , Cao Junji , Xu Tingting , Wang Tiantian , Xu Zhenying , Xu Wen , Liao Wenling , Kang Ling , Cai Xuhui , Zhang Hongsheng , Dai Yongjiu , Zhu Tong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems in China receive the world’s largest amount of reactive nitrogen (N) deposition. Recent controls on nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions in China to tackle air pollution are expected to decrease N deposition, yet the observed N deposition fluxes remain almost stagnant. Here we show that the effectiveness of NOxemission controls for reducing oxidized N (NOy = NOx + its oxidation products) deposition is unforeseen in Eastern China, with one-unit reduction in NOxemission leading to only 55‒76% reductions in NOy-N deposition, as opposed to the high effectiveness (around 100%) in both Southern China and the United States. Using an atmospheric chemical transport model, we demonstrate that this unexpected weakened response of N deposition is attributable to the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity by NOxemissions reductions. The decline in N deposition could bear a penalty on terrestrial carbon sinks and should be taken into account when developing pathways for China’s carbon neutrality.
Nonlinear co-generation of graphene plasmons for optoelectronic logic operations
Authors: Li Yiwei , An Ning , Lu Zheyi , Wang Yuchen , Chang Bing , Tan Teng , Guo Xuhan , Xu Xizhen , He Jun , Xia Handing , Wu Zhaohui , Su Yikai , Liu Yuan , Rao Yunjiang , Soavi Giancarlo , Yao Baicheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurface plasmons in graphene provide a compelling strategy for advanced photonic technologies thanks to their tight confinement, fast response and tunability. Recent advances in the field of all-optical generation of graphene’s plasmons in planar waveguides offer a promising method for high-speed signal processing in nanoscale integrated optoelectronic devices. Here, we use two counter propagating frequency combs with temporally synchronized pulses to demonstrate deterministic all-optical generation and electrical control of multiple plasmon polaritons, excited via difference frequency generation (DFG). Electrical tuning of a hybrid graphene-fibre device offers a precise control over the DFG phase-matching, leading to tunable responses of the graphene’s plasmons at different frequencies across a broadband (0 ~ 50 THz) and provides a powerful tool for high-speed logic operations. Our results offer insights for plasmonics on hybrid photonic devices based on layered materials and pave the way to high-speed integrated optoelectronic computing circuits.
Artificially sporulated Escherichia coli cells as a robust cell factory for interfacial biocatalysis
Authors: Sun Zhiyong , Hübner René , Li Jian , Wu Changzhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe natural bacterial spores have inspired the development of artificial spores, through coating cells with protective materials, for durable whole-cell catalysis. Despite attractiveness, artificial spores developed to date are generally limited to a few microorganisms with their natural endogenous enzymes, and they have never been explored as a generic platform for widespread synthesis. Here, we report a general approach to designing artificial spores based onEscherichia colicells with recombinant enzymes. The artificial spores are simply prepared by coating cells with polydopamine, which can withstand UV radiation, heating and organic solvents. Additionally, the protective coating enables living cells to stabilize aqueous-organic emulsions for efficient interfacial biocatalysis ranging from single reactions to multienzyme cascades. Furthermore, the interfacial system can be easily expanded to chemoenzymatic synthesis by combining artificial spores with metal catalysts. Therefore, this artificial-spore-based platform technology is envisioned to lay the foundation for next-generation cell factory engineering.
Lanthanum nitrate as aqueous electrolyte additive for favourable zinc metal electrodeposition
Authors: Zhao Ruirui , Wang Haifeng , Du Haoran , Yang Ying , Gao Zhonghui , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries are appealing devices for cost-effective and environmentally sustainable energy storage. However, the zinc metal deposition at the anode strongly influences the battery cycle life and performance. To circumvent this issue, here we propose the use of lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3) as supporting salt for aqueous zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) electrolyte solutions. Via physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations, we demonstrate that this peculiar electrolyte formulation weakens the electric double layer repulsive force, thus, favouring dense metallic zinc deposits and regulating the charge distribution at the zinc metal|electrolyte interface. When tested in Zn||VS2full coin cell configuration (with cathode mass loading of 16 mg cm−2), the electrolyte solution containing the lanthanum ions enables almost 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1(after 5 activation cycles at 0.05 A g−1) with a stable discharge capacity of about 90 mAh g−1and an average cell discharge voltage of ∼0.54 V.
Catalytic activity imperative for nanoparticle dose enhancement in photon and proton therapy
Authors: Gerken Lukas R. H. , Gogos Alexander , Starsich Fabian H. L. , David Helena , Gerdes Maren E. , Schiefer Hans , Psoroulas Serena , Meer David , Plasswilm Ludwig , Weber Damien C. , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanoparticle-based radioenhancement is a promising strategy for extending the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. While (pre)clinical results are encouraging, sound mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle radioenhancement, especially the effects of nanomaterial selection and irradiation conditions, has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigate the radioenhancement mechanisms of selected metal oxide nanomaterials (including SiO2, TiO2, WO3and HfO2), TiN and Au nanoparticles for radiotherapy utilizing photons (150 kVp and 6 MV) and 100 MeV protons. While Au nanoparticles show outstanding radioenhancement properties in kV irradiation settings, where the photoelectric effect is dominant, these properties are attenuated to baseline levels for clinically more relevant irradiation with MV photons and protons. In contrast, HfO2nanoparticles retain some of their radioenhancement properties in MV photon and proton therapies. Interestingly, TiO2nanoparticles, which have a comparatively low effective atomic number, show significant radioenhancement efficacies in all three irradiation settings, which can be attributed to the strong radiocatalytic activity of TiO2, leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, and nuclear interactions with protons. Taken together, our data enable the extraction of general design criteria for nanoparticle radioenhancers for different treatment modalities, paving the way to performance-optimized nanotherapeutics for precision radiotherapy.
The metabolic enzyme hexokinase 2 localizes to the nucleus in AML and normal haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to maintain stemness
Authors: Thomas Geethu Emily , Egan Grace , García-Prat Laura , Botham Aaron , Voisin Veronique , Patel Parasvi S. , Hoff Fieke W. , Chin Jordan , Nachmias Boaz , Kaufmann Kerstin B. , Khan Dilshad H. , Hurren Rose , Wang Xiaoming , Gronda Marcela , MacLean Neil , O’Brien Cristiana , Singh Rashim P. , Jones Courtney L. , Harding Shane M. , Raught Brian , Arruda Andrea , Minden Mark D. , Bader Gary D. , Hakem Razq , Kornblau Steve , Dick John E. , Schimmer Aaron D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMitochondrial metabolites regulate leukaemic and normal stem cells by affecting epigenetic marks. How mitochondrial enzymes localize to the nucleus to control stem cell function is less understood. We discovered that the mitochondrial metabolic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) localizes to the nucleus in leukaemic and normal haematopoietic stem cells. Overexpression of nuclear HK2 increases leukaemic stem cell properties and decreases differentiation, whereas selective nuclear HK2 knockdown promotes differentiation and decreases stem cell function. Nuclear HK2 localization is phosphorylation-dependent, requires active import and export, and regulates differentiation independently of its enzymatic activity. HK2 interacts with nuclear proteins regulating chromatin openness, increasing chromatin accessibilities at leukaemic stem cell-positive signature and DNA-repair sites. Nuclear HK2 overexpression decreases double-strand breaks and confers chemoresistance, which may contribute to the mechanism by which leukaemic stem cells resist DNA-damaging agents. Thus, we describe a non-canonical mechanism by which mitochondrial enzymes influence stem cell function independently of their metabolic function.
Variant to function mapping at single-cell resolution through network propagation
Authors: Yu Fulong , Cato Liam D. , Weng Chen , Liggett L. Alexander , Jeon Soyoung , Xu Keren , Chiang Charleston W. K. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Weissman Jonathan S. , de Smith Adam J. , Sankaran Vijay G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies in combination with single-cell genomic atlases can provide insights into the mechanisms of disease-causal genetic variation. However, identification of disease-relevant or trait-relevant cell types, states and trajectories is often hampered by sparsity and noise, particularly in the analysis of single-cell epigenomic data. To overcome these challenges, we present SCAVENGE, a computational algorithm that uses network propagation to map causal variants to their relevant cellular context at single-cell resolution. We demonstrate how SCAVENGE can help identify key biological mechanisms underlying human genetic variation, applying the method to blood traits at distinct stages of human hematopoiesis, to monocyte subsets that increase the risk for severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to intermediate lymphocyte developmental states that predispose to acute leukemia. Our approach not only provides a framework for enabling variant-to-function insights at single-cell resolution but also suggests a more general strategy for maximizing the inferences that can be made using single-cell genomic data.
Neural activities in music frogs reveal call variations and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Nidirana
Authors: Fang Ke , Tang Yezhong , Zhang Baowei , Fang Guangzhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe characteristics of acoustic signals co-evolve with preferences of the auditory sensory system. However, how the brain perceives call variations and whether it can reveal phylogenetic relationships among signalers remains poorly understood. Here, we recorded the neural signals from the Emei music frogs (Nidirana daunchina) in response to broadcasted calls of five different species of the same genus. We found that responses in terms of the different amplitudes of various event-related potential (ERP) components were correlated with diversification trends in acoustic signals, as well as phylogenetic relationships betweenN. daunchinaand heterospecific callers. Specifically, P2 decreased gradually along the ordinal decline of similarities in acoustic characteristics of calls compared with those from conspecifics. Moreover, P3a amplitudes showed increasing trends in correspondence with callers’ genetic distances from the subject species. These observations collectively support the view that neural activities in music frogs can reflect call variations and phylogenetic relationships within the genusNidirana.
A single-cell map of dynamic chromatin landscapes of immune cells in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kourtis Nikos , Wang Qingqing , Wang Bei , Oswald Erin , Adler Christina , Cherravuru Samvitha , Malahias Evangelia , Zhang Lance , Golubov Jacquelynn , Wei Qiaozhi , Lemus Samantha , Ni Min , Ding Yueming , Wei Yi , Atwal Gurinder S. , Thurston Gavin , Macdonald Lynn E. , Murphy Andrew J. , Dhanik Ankur , Sleeman Matthew A. , Tykodi Scott S. , Skokos Dimitris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA complete chart of the chromatin regulatory elements of immune cells in patients with cancer and their dynamic behavior is necessary to understand the developmental fates and guide therapeutic strategies. Here, we map the single-cell chromatin landscape of immune cells from blood, normal tumor-adjacent kidney tissue and malignant tissue from patients with early-stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We catalog the T cell states dictated by tissue-specific and developmental-stage-specific chromatin accessibility patterns, infer key chromatin regulators and observe rewiring of regulatory networks in the progression to dysfunction in CD8+ T cells. Unexpectedly, among the transcription factors orchestrating the path to dysfunction, NF-κB is associated with a pro-apoptotic program in late stages of dysfunction in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Importantly, this epigenomic profiling stratified ccRCC patients based on a NF-κB-driven pro-apoptotic signature. This study provides a rich resource for understanding the functional states and regulatory dynamics of immune cells in ccRCC.
Plasmon-catalysed decarboxylation of dicarboxybipyridine ligands in Ru(ii) complexes chemisorbed on Ag nanoparticles: conditions, proposed mechanism and role of Ag(0) adsorption sites
Authors: Žůrková-Kokošková Markéta , Šloufová Ivana , Gajdošová Veronika , Vlčková Blanka 
Published: June 2022

Plasmon-catalyzed decarboxylation of Ru(ii)-dicarboxybipyridine complexes chemisorbed on Ag nanoparticles in hydrosol systems has been revealed and found to proceed by charge carrier mechanism in the presence of neutral Ag(0) adsorption sites.
Novel insights in endocrine and metabolic pathways in sepsis and gaps for future research
Authors: Téblick Arno , Gunst Jan , Langouche Lies , Van den Berghe Greet 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sepsis is defined as any life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It remains an important cause of critical illness and has considerable short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. In the last decades, preclinical and clinical research has revealed a biphasic pattern in the (neuro-)endocrine responses to sepsis as to other forms of critical illness, contributing to development of severe metabolic alterations. Immediately after the critical illness-inducing insult, fasting- and stress-induced neuroendocrine and cellular responses evoke a catabolic state in order to provide energy substrates for vital tissues, and to concomitantly activate cellular repair pathways while energy-consuming anabolism is postponed. Large randomized controlled trials have shown that providing early full feeding in this acute phase induced harm and reversed some of the neuro-endocrine alterations, which suggested that the acute fasting- and stress-induced responses to critical illness are likely interlinked and benefical. However, it remains unclear whether, in the context of accepting virtual fasting in the acute phase of illness, metabolic alterations such as hyperglycemia are harmful or beneficial. When patients enter a prolonged phase of critical illness, a central suppression of most neuroendocrine axes follows. Prolonged fasting and central neuroendocrine suppression may no longer be beneficial. Although pilot studies have suggested benefit of fasting-mimicking diets and interventions that reactivate the central neuroendocrine suppression selectively in the prolonged phase of illness, further study is needed to investigate patient-oriented outcomes in larger randomized trials.
Visualization of regenerating and repairing hearts
Authors: Powers Nevan , Huang Guo N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With heart failure continuing to become more prevalent, investigating the mechanisms of heart injury and repair holds much incentive. In contrast with adult mammals, other organisms such as teleost fish, urodele amphibians, and even neonatal mammals are capable of robust cardiac regeneration to replenish lost or damaged myocardial tissue. Long-term high-resolution intravital imaging of the behaviors and interactions of different cardiac cell types in their native environment could yield unprecedented insights into heart regeneration and repair. However, this task remains challenging for the heart due to its rhythmic contraction and anatomical location. Here, we summarize recent advances in live imaging of heart regeneration and repair, discuss the advantages and limitations of current systems, and suggest future directions for novel imaging technology development.