bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various Management Modalities and Radiographic Outcomes of Condylar Fractures: A Single Centric Retrospective Study
Authors: Aurora Jitender K , Dubey Krishna Nand , Panda Barsarani , Tandon Parul , Chauhan Himanshu , Tiwari Shamita , Srivastava Amartya Prakash , Saxena Mohit 
Published: June 2022

Background: The mandibular condylar fracture is second most frequent maxillofacial fracture but still the management remains controversial. Aim: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the clinical as well as radiographic outcomes of different types of management modalities in various mandibular condyle fractures during 6 months of follow-up. Material and Method: This retrospective study consisted of 17 patients of which 11 were male (65%) and 6 female (35%). These included 12 unilateral condylar fractures (70%) and 5 bilateral fractures (30%). Anatomically, these fractures were 13 condylar neck fractures (59%) while 9 were subcondylar fractures (41%). Depending on the anatomic position, type, displacement/dislocation/deviation of condyle, and associated fractures, 5 closed reduction (23%) and 17 open reduction and internal fixations (77%) were performed. Fixation was done with lag screw in 1 patient, 3-D strut plate in 2 patients, and single miniplate fixations in 14 patients. Orthopantomograms were taken preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively to evaluate the radiographic changes. Results: Preoperatively, the average ramus height was 62.07 ± 4.13 (in mm) while condylar angulation was 18.23 ± 4.38 (in degree) while immediate postoperatively these were 66.98 ± 5.03 (in mm) and 25.67 ± 4.07 (in degree), respectively. After 6 months, the value was 66.43 ± 4.97 (in mm) and 25.24 ± 3.94 (in degree) which is statistically significant (P < .5). Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation allows better maintenance in function and anatomical repositioning of condyle as compared to closed reduction.
Evaluation of Primary Stability in Immediate Loading of Dental Implants
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Kumar Abhigyan 
Published: June 2022

Study Design: With the patient’s desire to shorten the treatment time and to avoid an edentulous condition, immediate loading of implants has emerged as an alternative approach as compared to delayed loading implants for replacing missing natural teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the primary stability in immediate loading of dental implants. Objective: To evaluate primary stability and postoperative complications clinically and radiographically. Method: Total 50 patients were treated with immediate loading dental implants. Withdrawal criteria includes patients not returning for checkup, follow-up, or documentation, and patients not following postoperative instruction. Result: Primary stability increases in immediate loading protocol; mean stability was 57 which was adequate at the time of surgery and during healing period. Conclusion: Our study concludes that under appropriate circumstances, medical condition and maintenance of good oral hygiene provide better primary stability in immediate loading protocol.
Role and Reliability of Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap in Oro Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Kumar Abhigyan , Gupta Anup Kumar , Agrawal Amiya , Chandel Siddhartha 
Published: June 2022

Background Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap has been used in head and neck reconstruction since its initial description. Its reliability and versatility made it the workhorse flap until the widespread rise of the microvascular surgery. The vascular supply to the pectoralis major is based on branches of the axillary artery. The skin overlying the pectoralis major receives most of its blood supply from fasciocutaneous perforators. In the literature, the flap is also associated with a high incidence of complications in addition to its large bulk. This case report shows the reliability and indication of this flap in the reconstruction of the oral defects. Case Report A 42-year-old male patient reported with the chief complaint of increasing pain and nonhealing ulcer in his left lower posterior teeth region with reducing ability to open mouth. On clinical examination, an ulceroproliferative lesion was found on the left retromolar trigone region (RMT). Biopsy was performed which demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma of left RMT. Modified radical neck dissection type II was performed with hemimandibulectomy without disarticulation with reconstruction with the PMMC flap. Conclusion It can be concluded that the flap-related complications can be minimized by proper planning with regard to the length of the PMMC flap, the defect location, and the type of mandibular osteotomy. There are some situations in which pectoralis major still appears as a valuable option even in facilities performing free flaps and for patients in good general conditions.
Diagnostic Applications of Ultrasonography in Myofascial Trigger Points: A Scoping Review and Critical Appraisal of Literature
Authors: Elbarbary Mohamed , Sgro Adam , Goldberg Michael , Tenenbaum Howard , Azarpazhooh Amir 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are pathognomonic of myofascial pain syndrome. The detection ability of MTrPs via ultrasonography is underreported and the characteristics of MTrPs are not sufficiently standardized. The objective was to summarize the characteristics and diagnostic abilities of ultrasonography for MTrP investigations. Materials and Methods: A multi-database, and bibliography hand-search was implemented. Studies of ≥10 patients, published after 1980, appraising ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid for myofascial pain syndrome were included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the included studies. Results: Six cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. The back and trapezius muscles were the most studied locations. The diagnostic studies were of low-medium risk of bias. The studies reported a large range of diagnostic metrics (accuracy 58%–100%, sensitivity 33%–91%, specificity 75%–100%, positive predictive value 91%–100%, negative predictive value 47%–97%, positive likelihood ratio 3.6, and negative likelihood ratio 0.12–0.67). Conclusion: This review found low-medium risk of bias evidence in support of ultrasonography for MTrP investigations. The clinical studies identified in the scoping review used gray-scale ultrasound equipment systems with a 5 to 14 MHz transducer to diagnose MTrPs and the local twitch response, and MTrPs were visualized mostly as hypoechoic nodules.
Genomic characterization of lymphomas in patients with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Maglione Paul J. , Wehr Claudia , Li Xiaobo , Wang Yating , Abolhassani Hassan , Deripapa Elena , Liu Dongbing , Borte Stephan , Du Likun , Wan Hui , Plötner Andreas , Giannoula Yvonne , Ko Huai-Bin , Hou Yong , Zhu Shida , Grossman Jennifer K. , Sander Birgitta , Grimbacher Bodo , Hammarström Lennart , Fedorova Alina , Rosenzweig Sergio D. , Shcherbina Anna , Wu Kui , Warnatz Klaus , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have a higher risk of developing cancer, especially lymphoma. However, the molecular basis for IEI-related lymphoma is complex and remains elusive. Here, we perform an in-depth analysis of lymphoma genomes derived from 23 IEI patients. We identified and validated disease-causing or -associated germline mutations in 14 of 23 patients involving ATM, BACH2, BLM, CD70, G6PD, NBN, PIK3CD, PTEN, and TNFRSF13B. Furthermore, we profiled somatic mutations in the lymphoma genome and identified 8 genes that were mutated at a significantly higher level in IEI-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) than in non-IEI DLBCLs, such as BRCA2, NCOR1, KLF2, FAS, CCND3, and BRWD3. The latter, BRWD3, is furthermore preferentially mutated in tumors of a subgroup of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome patients. We also identified 5 genomic mutational signatures, including 2 DNA repair deficiency-related signatures, in IEI-associated lymphomas and a strikingly high number of inter- and intrachromosomal structural variants in the tumor genome of a Bloom syndrome patient. In summary, our comprehensive genomic characterization of lymphomas derived from patients with rare genetic disorders expands our understanding of lymphomagenesis and provides new insights for targeted therapy.
A novel flow cytometry procoagulant assay for diagnosis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lee Christine S.M. , Liang Hai Po Helena , Connor David E. , Dey Agnibesh , Tohidi-Esfahani Ibrahim , Campbell Heather , Whittaker Shane , Capraro David , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Donikian Dea , Kondo Mayuko , Hicks Sarah M. , Choi Philip Y.-I. , Gardiner Elizabeth E. , Clarke Lisa Joanne , Tran Huyen , Passam Freda H. , Brighton Timothy Andrew , Chen Vivien M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe prothrombotic complication of adenoviral vaccines, including the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria) vaccine. The putative mechanism involves formation of pathological anti–platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies that activate platelets via the low-affinity immunoglobulin G receptor FcγRIIa to drive thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Functional assays are important for VITT diagnosis, as not all detectable anti-PF4 antibodies are pathogenic, and immunoassays have varying sensitivity. Combination of ligand binding of G protein–coupled receptors (protease-activated receptor-1) and immunoreceptor tyrosine–based activation motif–linked receptors (FcγRIIa) synergistically induce procoagulant platelet formation, which supports thrombin generation. Here, we describe a flow cytometry–based procoagulant platelet assay using cell death marker GSAO and P-selectin to diagnose VITT by exposing donor whole blood to patient plasma in the presence of a protease-activated receptor-1 agonist. Consecutive patients triaged for confirmatory functional VITT testing after screening using PF4/heparin ELISA were evaluated. In a development cohort of 47 patients with suspected VITT, plasma from ELISA-positive patients (n = 23), but not healthy donors (n = 32) or individuals exposed to the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine without VITT (n = 24), significantly increased the procoagulant platelet response. In a validation cohort of 99 VITT patients identified according to clinicopathologic adjudication, procoagulant flow cytometry identified 93% of VITT cases, including ELISA-negative and serotonin release assay–negative patients. The in vitro effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and fondaparinux trended with the clinical response seen in patients. Induction of FcγRIIa-dependent procoagulant response by patient plasma, suppressible by heparin and IVIg, is highly indicative of VITT, resulting in a sensitive and specific assay that has been adopted as part of a national diagnostic algorithm to identify vaccinated patients with platelet-activating antibodies.
Impact of AADAC gene expression on prognosis in patients with Borrmann type III advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Yufei , Fang Tianyi , Wang Yimin , Yin Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xinghai , Zhang Daoxu , Zhang Yao , Wang Xibo , Wang Hao , Xue Yingwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of Borrmann type III advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is known to vary significantly among patients. This study aimed to determine which differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are directly related to the survival time of Borrmann type III AGC patients and to construct a prognostic model.

Methods
We selected 25 patients with Borrmann type III AGC who underwent radical gastrectomy. According to the difference in overall survival (OS), the patients were divided into group A (OS<1 year, n=11) and group B (OS>3 years, n=14). DEGs related to survival time in patients with Borrmann type III AGC were determined by mRNA sequencing. The prognosis and functional differences of DEGs in different populations were determined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public databases. The expression of mRNA and protein in cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect protein expression in the paraffin-embedded tissues of 152 patients with Borrmann type III AGC who underwent radical gastrectomy. After survival analysis, nomograms were constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with Borrmann type III AGC.

Results
Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) is a survival-related DEG in patients with Borrmann type III AGC. The higher the expression level of its mRNA and protein is, the better the prognosis of patients. Bioinformatics analysis found that AADAC showed significant differences in prognosis and function in European and American populations and Asian populations. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of AADAC were high in differentiated gastric cancer (GC) cells. We also found that AADAC was an independent prognostic factor for patients with Borrmann type III AGC, and its high expression was significantly correlated with better OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Nomogram models of AADAC expression level combined with clinicopathological features can be used to predict the OS and DFS of Borrmann type III AGC.

Conclusion
AADAC can be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of Borrmann type III AGC and has the potential to become a new therapeutic target for GC.
YAP1 is essential for malignant mesothelioma tumor maintenance
Authors: Calvet Loreley , Dos-Santos Odette , Spanakis Emmanuel , Jean-Baptiste Véronique , Le Bail Jean-Christophe , Buzy Armelle , Paul Pascal , Henry Christophe , Valence Sandrine , Dib Colette , Pollard Jack , Sidhu Sukhvinder , Moll Jürgen , Debussche Laurent , Valtingojer Iris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma, a tumor arising from the membrane covering the lungs and the inner side of the ribs, is a cancer in which genetic alterations of genes encoding proteins that act on or are part of the Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway are frequent. Dysfunctional Hippo signaling may result in aberrant activation of the transcriptional coactivator protein YAP1, which binds to and activates transcription factors of the TEAD family. Recent studies have associated elevated YAP1 protein activity with a poor prognosis of malignant mesothelioma and its resistance to current therapies, but its role in tumor maintenance is unclear. In this study, we investigate the dependence of malignant mesothelioma on YAP1 signaling to maintain fully established tumors in vivo. We show that downregulation of YAP1 in a dysfunctional Hippo genetic background results in the inhibition of YAP1/TEAD-dependent gene expression, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro. The conditional downregulation of YAP1 in established tumor xenografts leads to the inhibition of YAP1-dependent gene transcription and eventually tumor regression. This effect is only seen in the YAP1-activated MSTO-211H mesothelioma xenograft model, but not in the Hippo-independent HCT116 colon cancer xenograft model. Our data demonstrate that, in the context of a Hippo pathway mutated background, YAP1 activity alone is enough to maintain the growth of established tumors in vivo, thus validating the concept of inhibiting the activated YAP1-TEAD complex for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients.
Anterior synechiae after penetrating keratoplasty in infants and children with Peters’ anomaly
Authors: Yang Yujing , Xiang Jun , Xu Jianjiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate anterior synechiae after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with Peters’ anomaly using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The medical records of patients diagnosed with Peters’ anomaly who underwent PK between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. In addition to basic ophthalmic examinations, images of anterior segment structures were obtained via spectral-domain OCT at baseline and during the postoperative follow-up period. The profiles of postoperative anterior synechiae and multiple potential risk factors were analyzed.

Results
Seventy-one eyes of 58 patients, aged 5 to 23 months, were included. Various extent of postoperative anterior synechiae was observed in 59 eyes (83.1%). OCT findings revealed graft-host junction synechiae, peripheral anterior synechiae, and a combination of both. Disease severity and malposition of the internal graft-host junction were significantly associated with the formation of postoperative synechiae. Multivariate regression analysis found that preexisting iridocorneal adhesion [odds ratio (OR) = 16.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.494–185.294, p = 0.022] was positively correlated with postoperative anterior synechiae, whereas anterior chamber depth (OR = 0.009, 95% CI 0.000–0.360, p = 0.012) and graft size (OR = 0.016, 95% CI 0.000–0.529, p = 0.020) were negatively correlated with postoperative synechiae. In addition, quadrants of preexisting iridocorneal adhesion and width of the host corneal bed were identified as risk factors for increased postoperative anterior synechiae.

Conclusions
Anterior synechiae following PK is a relatively common occurrence in Peters’ anomaly patients and is found to be associated with preexisting iridocorneal adhesion, a shallow anterior chamber, small graft size, graft-host junction malposition, and graft closer to the corneal limbus. These data indicate the need for careful consideration when performing PK on these patients.
Clinical characteristics of infants with port-wine stain and glaucoma secondary to Sturge–Weber Syndrome
Authors: Yan Honggai , Hu Man , Cui Yanhui , Li Li , Liang Tianwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Sturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare disease involving the eye, skin, and brain. Port-wine stain (PWS) and glaucoma are common clinical manifestations. This study analysed the clinical characteristics of infants with PWS and glaucoma secondary to SWS.

Methods
Children with PWS and glaucoma secondary to SWS were enrolled. Data were extracted from ophthalmic and systemic examination findings. Ocular examinations included intraocular pressure, anterior segment and fundus examination, and ocular A-scan and B-scan ultrasonography.

Results
Fifty-seven patients were included, with a mean age of 9.9 ± 11.9 months, and 34 (59.6%) patients were male. In all, 61 eyes were diagnosed with glaucoma. Forty-one patients (71.9%) had unilateral facial PWS and glaucoma occurred on the same side. Eight patients (14.0%) had Mongolian spots and ten patients (17.5%) had epilepsy. Corneal changes included corneal oedema (n = 36 eyes, 59.0%), corneal opacity (n = 15 eyes, 24.6%), and Haab lines (n = 13 eyes, 21.3%). Mean corneal diameter and thickness in the eyes with glaucoma was larger than those in the unaffected eyes (12.2 ± 0.7 mm vs 10.8 ± 0.6 mm, P < 0.001; 681.2 ± 106.4 µm vs 578.2 ± 58.2 µm, P < 0.001). The eyes with glaucoma had higher IOP and larger axial length and C/D ratio (19.3 ± 6.2 mmHg vs 11.6 ± 4.2 mmHg, P < 0.001; 21.23 ± 1.93 mm vs 19.68 ± 1.61 mm, P < 0.001; and 0.57 ± 0.18 vs 0.24 ± 0.15, P < 0.001). Thirty-three (57.9%) and 25 (43.9%) patients showed diffuse choroidal haemangioma (DCH) and conjunctival/episcleral haemangiomas, respectively. Ten patients (17.5%) showed iris anterior insertion or hyperpigmentation in the anterior chamber angles. Six of them had Mongolian spots at the same time.

Conclusions
Monocular glaucoma, DCH, and conjunctival/episcleral haemangiomas are common in SWS patients with PWS and glaucoma. Glaucomatous eyes have larger corneal diameter and axial length and thicker cornea. Patients with Mongolian spots have higher incidence of iris anterior insertion or hyperpigmentation in anterior chamber angle.
Effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis - a retrospective study
Authors: Arnason Sigurdur , Skogman Barbro H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato complex with various neurological manifestations. The recommended treatment for LNB in Swedish children has been intravenous ceftriaxone 50–100 mg/kg × 1 (< 8 years of age) or oral doxycycline 4 mg/kg × 1 (≥ 8 years of age) for 10–14 days. Studies on adult LNB patients have shown equal efficacy for ceftriaxone and doxycycline, but no such studies have been conducted on pediatric LNB patients. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate clinical outcome in children with LNB who have received intravenous ceftriaxone or oral doxycycline.ResultsClinical and laboratory data from three previously conducted prospective studies on children with LNB (1998–2014) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 321 children (1–19 years of age), who received antibiotic treatment for definite LNB or possible LNB, were included. Clinical outcome at the 2-month follow-up (recovery/non-recovery) was evaluated using Chi2test and logistic multivariate regression analysis. Out of 321 LNB patients, 194 children (60%) had received ceftriaxone and 127 children (40%) had received doxycycline. When comparing clinical outcome between treatment groups, no difference was found (p = 0,217). Results did not change when incorporating relevant clinical and laboratory data into the logistic multivariate regression analysis.ConclusionIn this large retrospective study, no difference in clinical outcome was found, independent of age, when comparing children who received ceftriaxone with those who received doxycycline, supporting an equal effectiveness for treatment of LNB pediatric patients. However, future randomized comparative treatment studies are warranted for evaluation of efficacy of antibiotic treatment in pediatric LNB patients.