bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerous uncertainties in the multifaceted global trade in frogs&rsquo; legs with the EU as the major consumer
Authors: Auliya Mark , Altherr Sandra , Nithart Charlotte , Hughes Alice , Bickford David 
Published: September 2022

The commercial trade in frogs and their body parts is global, dynamic, and occurs in extremely large volumes (in the thousands of tonnes/yr or billions of frogs/yr). The European Union remains the single largest importer of frogs’ legs, with most frogs still caught from the wild. Among the many drivers of species extinction or population decline (e.g., due to habitat loss, climate change, disease, etc.), overexploitation is becoming increasingly more prominent. Because ofglobal declines and extinctions, new attention is being focused on these markets, in part to try to ensure sustainability. While the trade is plagued by daunting realities of data deficiency and uncertainty, and the conflicts of commercial interests associated with these data, one of the only things that is clear is that EU countries are most responsible for the largest portion the international trade in frogs’ legs of wild species. Over decades of exploitation, the EU imports have contributed to a decline in wild frog populations in an increasing number of supplying countries, such as India and Bangladesh, as well as Indonesia, Turkey, and Albania more recently. However, there have been no concerted attempts by the EU and the export countries to ensure sustainability of this trade. Further work is needed to validate species identities, secure data on wild frog populations, establish reasonable monitored harvest/export quotas and disease surveillance, and ensure data integrity, quality, and security standards for frog farms. Herein, we call upon those countries and their representative governments, to assume responsibility for the sustainability of the trade. The EU should take immediate action to channel all imports through a single centralized database and list sensitive species in the Annexes of the EU Wildlife Trade Regulation. Further listing in CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) can enforce international trade restrictions. More joint-efforts are needed to improve regional monitoring schemes before the commercial trade causes irreversible extinctions of populations and species of frogs.
The feasibility and acceptability of clean fuel use among rural households. A pilot study in Central Ghana
Authors: Tawiah Theresa , Iddrisu Seidu , Gyaase Stephanie , Twumasi Mieks , Asante Kwaku Poku , Jack Darby 
Published: September 2022

Background: 76% of the population in Ghana uses solid fuels as their primary source of cooking energy, including 41.3% firewood and 31.5% charcoal. Consequently, household air pollution (HAP) continues to be the leading risk factor for the majority of illness burden in the country. In the past, aggressive LPG distribution and adoption schemes have been implemented to reduce HAP in Ghana. Nevertheless, just 22% of Ghanaian households utilize LPG for cooking.Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the viability and acceptability of four clean fuels among rural households in central Ghana, both separately and in combination.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to conduct this study. The Kintampo Health Demographic Surveillance System was used to randomly pick ten homes who exclusively utilized biomass fuel. For each family (n = 10), we gave four stove and fuel combinations that were both clean. The stoves were utilized for two weeks, and free fuel was supplied. After each two-week trial period, interviews were conducted to gauge stove acceptance, with an emphasis on finding the specific energy requirements that each stove satisfied.Conclusions: LPG and ethanol stoves were the most popular among rural families, according to our data. In comparison to Mimi Moto and electric induction stoves, the two stoves were favoured because they were easier to use and clean, cooked faster, were deemed safer, and enabled a variety of cooking styles. Participants’ stove preferences appear to be primarily influenced by two domains: 1) realizing the benefits of clean stove technology and 2) overcoming early anxiety of clean stove use, particularly LPG.
The Diagnostic Yield and Characteristics of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Suspected Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kajikawa Shigehisa , Fujishiro Eisuke , Kato Toshio , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Etsuro , Kubo Akihito , Ito Satoru 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has widely been used to manage respiratory diseases including respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of BAL for detecting nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 54 patients who underwent bronchoscopy due to suspected NTM pulmonary disease. Positive culture results of respiratory specimens were defined as NTM pulmonary disease. For BAL, two or three aliquots of 50 mL (total 100 or 150 mL) of sterile normal saline were instilled through bronchoscope.

Results:
NTM was detected in 31 of 54 (57.4%) patients. The detection rates were not different between the patients who underwent bronchoscopy with BAL (24 of 39, 61.5%) and those without (7 of 15, 46.7%) (P = 0.437). BAL fluid was mostly neutrophil dominant in both positive and negative NTM culture groups. In the subgroup analysis of 33 patients who underwent both the BAL and anti- glycopeptidolipid (GPL)-core immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody measurements, 12 of 19 (63.2%) positive Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) culture patients and 8 of 14 (57.1%) negative MAC culture patients were positive for anti-GPL-core IgA antibody (seropositive) (P = 0.991). There was no severe complication related to BAL.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic yield of BAL with ≥100 mL sterile saline was not superior to that of bronchial wash or sputum aspiration in patients with suspected NTM pulmonary disease. Patients with seropositive but negative culture results for MAC suggest pseudonegative for pulmonary MAC disease.
Treatment Outcomes of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Indarti Hardini Tri , Kristin Erna , Soedarsono Soedarsono , Endarti Dwi 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The drug regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has lower potency, is more costly, and has a greater risk of adverse effects than first-line anti-TB drugs. We aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of patients using standard shorter regimen (STR regimen) versus bedaquiline (BDQ)-containing individual regimen in a high TB-burden setting.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the medical records in the hospital. The study population were patients with MDR-TB who started treatment in 2016–2018. Treatment outcomes were classified as successful (cured/completed treatment) or unsuccessful (failure/death/loss to follow-up/not evaluated). Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentage, whereas continuous data were presented as mean± standard deviations. Risk ratio (RR) was obtained by using the Chi-square statistical test with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P < 0.05 set as a significant result.

Results:
We included 99 patients out of 444 registered patients in 2016–2018. The overall success proportion was 41.4%. Success was more likely in patients who received BDQ regimen than those receiving STR regimen (52.9% vs. 35.4%, RR: 1.496, 95% CI: 0.948–2.362). Factors that influenced the treatment outcomes were smear status and sputum culture status.

Conclusions:
The success rate of the STR regimen and the BDQ regimen in this study is still below the national and global figures due to the high rate of lost to follow-up. The success was higher in the BDQ regimen, although not statistically significant. Further research is needed on adverse effects, quality of life, and costs during treatment.
Tobacco cessation center in a dental college: An 8 year institution-based study
Authors: Gupta Swati , Srivastava Nikhil , Goel Sumit , Kamarthi Nagaraju , Malik Sangeeta , Sharma Abhinav , Bhalla Khushboo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Oral cancer is a major health concern in the Indian subcontinent, where it ranks among the top three types of cancer in the country. Tobacco and its products have been implicated as a major etiologic factor behind cancers. It is believed that tobacco is an epidemic in itself taking the death toll to 7 million globally. In India alone, mortality because of tobacco is more than 1.3 million. Dentists are the first to notice any change in the oral cavity or come across any suspicious looking oral lesion and therefore are instrumental in primary prevention and care.

Methods:
The present study data are of the patients enrolled in a Tobacco Cessation Center(TCC) at a Dental College in Meerut in Meerut from May 2012 (since its inception) to March 2020. The following methods of counseling were carried out: group counseling, interactive sessions, audio–visual aids, and individual counseling sessions. Self-training for oral cavity examination was also given after every group counseling session. Behavioral counseling and pharmacological intervention were given as per Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. At the end of 1 year, patients who quit were graded into 0, 1, and 2, with 0 for those who failed to quit, 1 for those who did completely quit, and 2 for those who reduced their habit by more than 50%.

Results:
The quit rate achieved was 57.6% (complete responders -43.2% and partial responders 14.4%). The relapse reported was 1.8%.

Conclusion:
A Tobacco cessation Center set up in a Dental College could be of great help in the primary prevention of oral cancer and can bring a drastic increase in quit rates. Proper counseling skills once nurtured in young under-graduates can boost the tobacco-free India campaign.
Relationship between Psychological Status and Self-Perception of Halitosis among Young Adults with Moderation by Oral Health Status in Bengaluru City
Authors: Rani R. Sudha , Puranik Manjunath P. , Uma S. R. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Halitosis is a term defining a common concern of individuals with a bad odor originating from their mouth. Halitosis is a symptom related to both somatic and emotional status. There is a need to investigate the relationship between psychological status and halitosis with the moderation by oral health.

Aim:
To assess the relationship between psychological status and self-perception of halitosis among young adults with moderation by oral health status (OHS).

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 self-perceived halitosis (SPH) and 160 halitosis suggestive (HS) young adults in Bengaluru city. Questionnaire for self-perception of halitosis and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire for psychological status were used. Halitosis was measured using organoleptic test. OHS was assessed using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment form for Adults, 2013. Independent t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate linear regression were performed. A moderation analysis was carried out to examine the effect of OHS. The P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The mean age was 21.56 ± 1.84 years and 23.8 ± 1.93 years in the self-perceived halitosis and HS groups, respectively. Questionnaire for self-perception of halitosis majority of them experienced bad breath for the past 3 months; were hesitant to talk to others; felt uneasy; avoided social interaction, and the workplace was affected. The mean SCL-90-R score of SPH (291.46 ± 13.17) was significantly greater than HS (137.06 ± 25.09) (P < 0.001). Most of the participants in SPH had malodor and 50% had no odor in HS group. The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth were 2.37 ± 3.92 and 1.87 ± 2.86 in SPH and HS groups, respectively (P = 0.19). The mean of teeth with gingival bleeding was significantly higher in SPH (3.46 ± 3.87) when compared to HS groups (1.61 ± 2.44) (P < 0.001). On multivariate linear regression, there was a significant relationship noted between the self-perceived halitosis group and SCL-90-R (R
2 = 0.07; P < 0.001). In the moderation analysis, the effect of oral health and self-perception of halitosis was significant with psychological status.

Conclusions:
There is a relationship between the psychological status and self-perception of halitosis with moderation by OHS.
Challenges in Understanding the Bionomics of Indian Malaria Vectors
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Rahi Manju , Sharma Amit 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT.
Many factors influence the success or failure of malaria vector control program such as political will, leadership, sustained funding, robustness of healthcare system and others. In addition, updated knowledge and information about the triad of host, parasite, and vector is of paramount importance. Vector bionomics studies that determine mosquito behavior in terms of feeding, resting, biting, mating, breeding, longevity, vectorial capacity, and response to different insecticides are a step towards enhancing our understanding. In the present work, we have compiled studies conducted in India over the past two decades (2000–2020) to identify gaps in our knowledge of malaria vector bionomics and the research that needs to be done in the future. We retrieved district-level data of India’s six primary malaria vector species. According to our findings, vector bionomics studies have been undertaken in ∼50% and ∼15% of the country’s high (annual parasite index > 1) and low (annual parasite index < 1) malaria-endemic districts respectively. Most of the research studies focused on mosquito density, insecticide susceptibility status, and parasite detection, whereas other vital bionomics parameters were neglected. Surveys conducted were incomplete, and vector bionomics data were not captured sufficiently. The absence of vector bionomics data can be a blind spot and the lack or inadequate understanding of vector bionomics can lead to use of inappropriate vector control tools. Thus, there is an urgent need to initiate comprehensive bionomics studies on India’s primary and secondary malaria vectors.
Hubungan Antara Kekurangan Energi Kronis (Kek) Dengan Kejadian Partus Lama Di Kecamatan Cantigi Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Maria Ulfah  
Published: September 2022

Ibu bersalin yang KEK secara teori memiliki resiko lebih besar untuk mengalami partus lama dibandingkan ibu bersalin tidak KEK. Menurut Manuaba (2012) ibu bersalin dengan KEK akan cenderung kekurangan energi untuk melakukan his sehingga his lemah yang dampaknya proses pengeluaran janin terhambat dan memicu terjadinya partus lama.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) dengan kejadian partus lama pada ibu bersalin di Kecamatan Cantigi Kabupaten Indramayu tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deksriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bersalin di Kecamatan Cantigi Kabupaten Indramayu dengan jumlah sampel 62 orang. Teknik samplingnya menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil uji korelasi Chi Square diketahui nilai p-value = 0,011. Karena nilai p-value 0,011 kurang dari < α 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya terbukti ada hubungan signifikan kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) dengan kejadian partus lama pada ibu bersalin di Wetan Kecamatan Cantigi Kabupaten Indramayu
Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (Tens) Terhadap Pengurangan Nyeri Pada Pasien Lansia Dengan Low Back Pain Di Fisioterapi Rumah Sakit An-Nisa Tangerang Tahun 2020
Authors: Rafika Ulandari  , Rina Puspitasari  
Published: September 2022

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh lansia adalah gangguan sistem muskuloskeletal dengan “Low Back Pain” (LPB). Berfokus pada modalitas elektroterapi yang dapat memproduksi berbagai jenis gelombang elektronik untuk meredakan rasa nyeri, termasuk pada kasus LBP. Beberapa review elektroterapi yang berbasis bukti menemukan bahwa terapi dengan Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) bermanfaat pada beberapa pasien dengan LBP. Terlepas dari adanya bukti mengenai manfaat dari terapi TENS untuk kasus LBP, TENS merupakan modalitas yang sering diberikan pada kasus LBP dikarenakan tingginya permintaan terhadap intervensi nonfarmakologis yang non invasif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh pemberian terapi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) terhadap pengurangan nyeri pada pasien lansia dengan Low Back Pain di Fiioterapi Rumah Sakit An-Nisa Tangerang Tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain quasi eksperimental design : one group pre test and post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 50 responden. Tehnik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data adalah total sampling . Hasil penelitian : Berdasarkan uji statistik di dapatkan nilai P Value yaitu 0,007 maka dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh antara pemberian terapi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) terhadap skala nyeri pada pasien lansia dengan Low Back Pain di Fisioterapi Rumah Sakit An-Nisa Tangerang. Kesimpulan : ada pengaruh antara pemberian terapi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) terhadap skala nyeri pada pasien lansia dengan Low Back Pain di Fisioterapi Rumah Sakit An- Nisa Tangerang
Faktor – Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Stres Kerja Pada Perawat Di Rs Mayapada Tangerang Tahun 2020
Authors: Kristina Natalya Rewo  , Rina Puspitasari  , Lastri Mei Winarni  
Published: September 2022

Pelayanan instalasi rawat inap merupakan pelayanan yang sangat kompleks dan memberikan kontribusi yang paling besar bagi kesembuhan pasien rawat inap. Peranan seorang perawat saat melayani pasien di rawat inap sangatlah berpengaruh terhadap kesembuhan pasien. Tingkat stres kerja yang tinggi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja, kepuasan, produktivitas, dan perilaku caring perawat. Upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stres kerja perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari perawat dari berbagai dampak yang dapat terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan stres kerja pada perawat di RS Mayapada Tangerang tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 285 responden. Tehnik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data adalah random sampling dengan menggunakan rumus slovin sehingga sampel yang didapat sebanyak 166 orang.Hasil penelitian : Berdasarkan uji chi-square bahwa ada hubungan antara beban kerja dengan stress kerja perawat (p-value = 0,006), ada hubungan antara shift kerja dengan stress kerja perawat (p-value = 0,027), ada hubungan antara tuntunan tugas dengan stress kerja perawat (p-value = 0,014) dan ada hubungan antara kondisi kerja dengan stress kerja perawat (p-value = 0,021).Kesimpulan : terdapat hubungan antaraBeban Kerja, Kondisi Kerja, Tuntutan Tugas dan shift kerja dengan stres kerja pada perawat di RS Mayapada Tangerang tahun 2020.
MEASURING EFFICIENCY USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS: APPLICATION ON 12 POLICE PRECINCTS IN DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Sabado Jesson Rey F. , Deveza Vince Clark R. , Bausing Gabriel A. , Mohamad Jibril G. 
Published: September 2022

<p>Public security plays a vital role in a developing country. It brings positive externalities. This means that it is the function of government to ensure the protection of citizens, persons in their territory, organization, and institutions against threats. The main purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of 12 Police Precincts in Davao City, Philippines. The inputs and outputs for police performance measurement were first identified. Data Envelopment Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to measure efficiency and changes to overall services between 2015-2017. We use window analysis and output-oriented DEA models to sharpen our efficiency estimates with both constant and variable returns to scale. The problem of the presence of non-discretionary input variables is explicitly treated in the models used. Potential improvements in the technical efficiency of police precincts are examined by readjusting the output/input indicators. The analysis indicates that some differences in operating environments, especially socioeconomic factors such as residents and young people's population, significantly influence the efficiency of police precincts.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: H11; H50; H76</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0559/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
PENGAMBILAN SUMPAH UNTUK BUKTI BARU DARI TERMOHON PENINJAUAN KEMBALI PERKARA PERDATA
Authors: Sobari Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

<p align="center">Abstract</p><p>Submitting a judicial review (PK) at the Supreme Court, both criminal and civil cases, one of the material requirements is the discovery of new evidence or fresh fact or new circumstances, called novum. The material reason for the Judicial Review (Peninjauan Kembali) of criminal cases is called "new circumstances", contained in Article 263 Paragraph (2) letter a of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. The form of new evidence or novum in civil cases, referred to as "decisive evidence letters", is stated in Article 67 letter b of Law no. 14 of 1985 concerning the Supreme Court in conjunction to Law No. 5 of 2004 in conjunction to Law No. 3 of 2009 concerning the Second Amendment. Although using different terms about the novum (criminal procedure code and civil procedure code), the actual meaning is not different. The difference is that in criminal cases it is not explicitly stated about the evidence/the form of novum, where the novum was obtained, contained or attached. But new evidence or novum in civil cases is expressly called "with documentary evidence", then the new evidence or novum is documentary evidence. In criminal cases, the form of evidence for a novum is not mentioned, so the form of a new situation or novum in a criminal case can be obtained from letter evidence or witnesses. The important thing is that the contents of the novum are in the form of new conditions that previously, when the case was examined at the first level of court, the new circumstances had not been revealed in the trial of the first level court. For applicants for reconsideration (PK) Novum or new evidence in the form of a letter based on Article 69 letter b of Law no. 14 of 1985, since the discovery of the documents of evidence, the day and date of their discovery must be declared under oath and ratified by the competent authority. However, the law (No. 14 of 1985) does not regulate the Novum or new evidence held by the Respondent for Judicial Review, in the form of a counter memory from the Judicial Review with additional new evidence, whether it must be declared under oath and ratified by an authorized official. This can cause problems because of the difference in the strength of the evidence between novum of the Judicial Review of the Petitioner and the Judicial Review of the Respondent. In order to have a legally balanced strength of evidence, it is better if new evidence or novum from the Respondent from the Judicial Review is also regulated in the procedural law, which is sworn in and ratified by an authorized official.</p><p>Key word: Judicial Review; novum; new evidenc; equality before the law; The power of </p><p> evidence.</p>