bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancrer le droit à un environnement sain au niveau supranational : pour une action renforcée du Conseil de l’Europe sur les changements climatiques
Authors: Le Bris Catherine 
Published: March 2022

Le présent article constitue une version, quelque peu remaniée, de l’audition présentée par l’auteure devant l’Assemblée Parlementaire du Conseil de l’Europe le 1 er décembre 2020 lors de la session « Ancrer le droit à un environnement sain : la nécessité d’une action renforcée du Conseil de l’Europe ». En effet, cette organisation envisage, actuellement, l’adoption d’un traité reconnaissant le droit à l’environnement. Deux voies s’ouvrent à cette organisation pour mener à bien ce projet. La première, classique, consiste dans l’adoption d’un protocole additionnel à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme qui reconnaîtrait un droit individuel à un environnement sain. La seconde, plus ambitieuse, s’oriente vers un nouvel instrument obligatoire, présentant un caractère autonome, avec pour objectif de consacrer un droit collectif de l’humanité à un environnement viable.
La liberté de réunion pacifique, garante d’un espace civique menacé : commentaire en marge de l’observation générale n o 37 du Comité des droits de l’homme
Authors: Zimmermann Nesa 
Published: March 2022

Adoptée en ligne en raison du Covid-19, l’observation générale n o 37 intervient dans un contexte global caractérisé par des restrictions sans précédent à la liberté de réunion. Elle affirme l’importance cruciale de cette liberté pour l’espace démocratique, en rappelant que les restrictions doivent rester l’exception, et en concrétisant les obligations étatiques en la matière. Cet article situe l’observation générale dans son contexte et en présente les principaux apports.
Des personnes vulnérables aux situations de vulnérabilité : à quoi sert le droit en temps de Covid ?
Authors: Hachez Isabelle , Hardt Mathilde , Losseau Laurie , Nederlandt Olivia , Saroléa Sylvie , Triaille Louis 
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution examine les réponses publiques qui, en temps de Covid, ont été apportées à quatre situations de vulnérabilité : celles auxquelles sont confrontées les personnes âgées, les personnes en situation de handicap, les personnes incarcérées et les personnes étrangères. Les auteur(e)s tentent de déterminer, sous le prisme du droit des droits fondamentaux, si la vulnérabilité des catégories de personnes envisagées a conduit durant la pandémie, au sein de l’ordre juridique belge, à un surcroît de protection, à un déficit de protection ou à l’un et l’autre à la fois, dans des proportions variables selon les lieux et les circonstances.
La détention au temps du Covid sous le regard de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: Beernaert Marie-Aude 
Published: March 2022

Le 23 mars 2021, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a rendu une décision d’irrecevabilité partielle en cause de Fenech c. Malte , dans laquelle elle était amenée à se prononcer sur les mesures de suspension des procédures pénales décidées au plus fort de la crise du Covid-19 et leur impact quant à la régularité du maintien en détention préventive d’un accusé. Au-delà des spécificités du cas d’espèce, cette affaire est aussi l’occasion de revenir plus largement sur les diverses mesures qui ont été adoptées à l’égard des détenus durant la crise sanitaire que nous avons traversée, et de questionner leur compatibilité avec la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme.
A Review of Camera-Trapping Methodology for Eastern Spotted Skunks
Authors: Dukes Casey G. , Jachowski David S. , Harris Stephen N. , Dodd Luke E. , Edelman Andrew J. , LaRose Summer H. , Lonsinger Robert C. , Sasse D. Blake , Allen Maximilian L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eastern spotted skunks Spilogale putorius are an understudied species that has experienced range-wide declines. Over the past 16 y, camera traps have become an increasingly common tool to monitor and understand their current distribution. To inform best surveying practices, we reviewed 16 camera-trap studies specifically targeting this species. We focused on reported latency to initial detection and three main aspects of study design: seasonality of detections, baits and lures, and camera-trap brands. Latency to initial detection ranged from 1 to 82 d with a mean of 17.1 d (SD = 9.1). Attractants varied among projects, but most (75%) used sardines as bait. The percentage of skunk detections tended to vary across the year, with the highest percentage of skunk detections occurring in March (92%). We conclude by suggesting best practices and directions for future research techniques that will aid in developing more efficient methods to address key knowledge gaps for this elusive species. Given the long timeframes for latency to initial detection, monitoring individual sites for at least 4 wk, with the use of bait, is likely the best strategy to detect eastern spotted skunks. We encourage further experimental approaches on the effectiveness of different baits and lures, and methods to increase latency to initial detection. Collectively, we hope this leads to the development of a standardized monitoring approach that researchers can implement across studies and states within the eastern spotted skunk's range.
Les paysages de l’héritage industriel
Authors: Fluck Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Le paysage de l’industrie n’existe plus dans nos mondes occidentaux. Outre sa disparition physique, ruines des architectures et transformations des lieux, c’est tout le spectre de ses dimensions perceptives, celles-là même perçues par nos sens, qui ont quitté la scène. Il nous reste pour nous en rapprocher l’iconographie, qui nous montre l’industrie « en position de vie », ou l’enquête de l’archéologue, chacune exigeant un effort de représentation mentale. Ce paysage est donc un paléopaysage ; ce qui nous en reste, filtré par les effets du temps, peut être qualifié de métapaysage. L’Alsace s’est révélée tout sauf vertueuse dans la gestion de son héritage industriel, se défaisant de pans entiers de sites patrimoniaux. Dans une deuxième partie, nous proposons une typologie des paléopaysages en fonction de trois paramètres qui ont joué un rôle majeur dans les localisations industrielles : la présence d’eau motrice, celle de ressources naturelles (autres que l’eau motrice), celle de concentrations humaines (villages, villes). Un exercice ludique en découle : localiser différents cas d’école régionaux dans une représentation triangulaire. La troisième partie décline des formes représentatives de systèmes paysagers hérités du fait industriel, qu’illustrent divers exemples empruntés à l’histoire de l’Alsace, territoire d’application idoine où étudier ces marques de l’Anthropocène.
Le pays de Pechelbronn
Authors: Schwarz Frank 
Published: March 2022

Utilisée depuis le Moyen Âge pour ses vertus curatives et pour le graissage des essieux de véhicules, l’huile asphaltique qui suinte du sous-sol de Pechelbronn est exploitée industriellement dès 1735.Différents types d’exploitation se succèdent et s’additionnent au cours des 220 années d’exploitation du gisement. Celle-ci prend fin en 1962 et la raffinerie cesse toute activité en 1970, ouvrant la voie à la démolition des installations industrielles.Le legs de cette aventure pétrolière reste cependant bien visible et concourt à forger l’identité de ce territoire rural. Les terrils des anciens carreaux dressent leur haute stature aux arêtes caractéristiques dans un paysage de collines au profil ondoyant. Le siège Clemenceau, promis à un nouvel avenir, conserve la majeure partie de ses bâtiments d’exploitation d’une remarquable unité architecturale.Les divers bâtiments d’habitation, caractérisés par la duplication d’un même module, ont puissamment contribué à modifier la trame bâtie traditionnelle de Merkwiller-Pechelbronn. Enfin, si le site de la raffinerie ne conserve que des constructions éparses, le vaste terrain vague laissé par la démolition de ses installations, impose, en creux, sa présence dans le paysage.Cet héritage recèle aussi sa part d’ombre avec les effluents des industries chimiques de la région, déversés jusqu’en 1975 dans les puits désaffectés et les dangers liés à l’instabilité du terrain aux abords des carreaux miniers.
A Comparative Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Bupivacaine with Ketamine Versus Bupivacaine with Magnesium Sulphate in Parturients Undergoing Elective Caesarian Sections
Authors: Alur Jagadish , Korikantimath Vishwajeet V. , Jyoti B. , Sushma K. S. , Mallayyagol Nataraj V. 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Spinal anaesthesia is the most preferred technique of anaesthesia in parturient, undergoing lower segment caesarean sections (LSCS) which provides effective pain relief during intra operative and early postoperative period. However, recent studies demonstrate that about 50%–70% of patients experience moderate to severe pain after LSCS indicating that postoperative pain remains poorly managed. The aim of our study was to compare intrathecal magnesium sulphate (Mgso4) and ketamine as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine in parturients posted for elective caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia to determine their effectiveness in extending the duration of analgesia

Materials and Methods:
After institutional ethical committee approval, 82 parturient undergoing elective LSCS were enrolled into the prospective randomized double blinded study. Group BK (n = 41) received intrathecal ketamine (25 mg) as additive to hyperbaric bupivacaine and group BM (n = 41) received magnesium sulphate (75 mg) as additive to hyperbaric bupivacaine. Time of onset of sensory analgesia, motor blockade, duration of analgesia was noted down. Intraoperative hemodynamics and any adverse effects of study drugs were noted.

Results:
The mean duration of analgesia in group BK was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than in Group BM. The onset of sensory and motor blockade was significantly early in Group BK compared to Group BM. Hemodynamics was better maintained in Group BK with less requirement of ephedrine compared to Group BM. The visual analog scale scores were significantly lower without side effects in both the groups.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated that the duration, quality of analgesia, hemodynamic stability was better with intra thecal ketamine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine compared to intrathecal MgSo4 without any significant side effects on mother and child.
Comparison of Trocar Site versus Trocar Site Plus Intraperitoneal Instillation of Local Anesthetic for Shoulder Pain Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Lysander Sheerin Sarah , Kumar G. Dilip , Balasubramanian Anusha , Krishnan Rajarajeswaran , Raghuraman M. S. , Narayanan S. Vijay 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Laparoscopic surgery in recent times has noteworthy advantages over conventional surgery, yet recovery is prolonged due to debilitating shoulder tip pain (STP) and operated site pain. Various studies have compared the effect of trocar site, intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetic (LA) for pain relief while only a few studies have tested the combination of these two techniques. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the combination of these two techniques versus trocar site alone for STP particularly.

Subjects and Methods:
This prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted on 52 patients who were undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery. The patients were allocated into either of the two groups. Group I (n = 26): trocar site infiltration (20 mL) and intraperitoneal instillation (20 mL) of 0.25% levobupivacaine and Group II (n = 26): trocar site infiltration (20 mL) of 0.25% levobupivacaine and saline (20 mL) intraperitoneally. Postoperative STP was the primary outcome while surgical site pain, nausea, and vomiting were secondary outcomes.

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to shoulder pain, surgical site pain, total rescue analgesics, and incidence of nausea and vomiting (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Trocar site infiltration with intraperitoneal instillation of LA or trocar site infiltration alone was found to be equally effective. However, we suggest that it is better to provide a combination of trocar site infiltration plus intraperitoneal instillation of LA if we have to restrict opioid usage such as in day-care surgeries.
“Gradualmente, o aprazível universo o foi abandonando”: “encegamento” e mediação cultural em “O Fazedor”, de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Oliveira Aline Cristina de , Almeida Rodrigo Batista de 
Published: March 2022

O escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) ganhou projeção mundial a partir do reconhecimento literário de sua obra. Com problemas de visão que o acompanharam por toda a vida, torna-se completamente cego por volta dos 55 anos, mas esse acontecimento não determinou o fim da sua produção artística. Este trabalho objetivou analisar como o processo de “encegamento” permeou a obra de Borges, a partir da análise do conto homônimo do livro O fazedor, produzido no período de perda da visão. Como aporte teórico, foi adotada a teoria das transferências culturais de Espagne e Werner (1988). Diversas marcas do processo de “encegamento” foram encontradas no texto analisado, sendo possível identificar diferentes tipos de transferências culturais, sobretudo para entender de que modo as leituras de Borges feitas ao longo da vida surgem e são remodeladas na sua produção. Diferentes percepções diante da perda da visão puderam ser observadas e isso pode servir de suporte para, sobretudo, videntes compreenderem como a cegueira afeta o sujeito, indicando possíveis formas de promover acessibilidade no meio social que repercuta na maximização da inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual.
Palavras-chave: Jorge Luis Borges; O fazedor; cegueira na literatura; “encegamento”
REFUGIO PARA BUQUES NECESITADOS DE ASISTENCIA: UNA MIRADA DESDE CUBA.
Authors: Valdés-Miranda Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

La práctica de los Estados costeros de ofrecer refugio a embarcaciones en peligro se ha ido modificando con el transcurso del tiempo. Los cambios en la industria naviera y en el marco jurídico internacional han provocado que los Estados se nieguen, cada vez con más frecuencia, a acoger a navíos con carga peligrosa o contaminante, que puedan afectar sus costas y perjudicar sus intereses económicos. Esta conducta puede conducir a una crisis ambiental de proporciones considerables. El presente trabajo se propone analizar los principales presupuestos jurídicos que sustentan en el ordenamiento jurídico internacional el refugio de buques en peligro, y a la luz de los mismos valorar el tratamiento de la institución en Cuba. Partiendo de las fuentes formales del Derecho objetivo - fundamentalmente los tratados y la costumbre internacional - se analizará en sede teórica el ordenamiento internacional. Asimismo, se realiza un estudio doctrinal de la institución jurídica en cuestión. En otro orden, se interpreta y analiza críticamente la normativa y la práctica cubana relacionada con el objeto de estudio, para valorar su correspondencia con los presupuestos jurídicos internacionales que resultarían de aplicación al refugio de buques en la Isla.
Effect of forage combinations, cutting age and season on biomass of Panicum maximum intercropped with Stylosanthes guianensis and Stylosanthes hamata in the derived savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole S. T. , Aderinola O. A. 
Published: March 2022

Fluctuations in forage quantity especially in dry season necessitate a strategic fodder production. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of five forage combinations, three harvest ages (5, 10 and 15 weeks) post planting (PP) and seasons (early and late rain). The forage combinations were Panicum maximum (Pm), Stylosanthes guianensis (Sg), Stylosanthes hamata (Sh), Pm and Sg (PmSg) and Pm and Sh (PmSh) using Split-Plot design. Data were collected on total biomass yield (TBY) and land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest (p<0.05) TBY was recorded from PmSg and PmSh (0.96 and 1.02tDMha1, respectively) while the higher LER was observed for PmSh. Highest TBY (0.84tDMha-1 ) and LER (1.79) were recorded at 10 and 15 weeks PP respectively while early rain had significantly (p<0.05) higher TBY (0.91tDMha-1 ) but similar LER between the seasons. In conclusion, Panicum maximum with Stylosanthes guianensis or Stylosanthes hamata, harvested at 10 weeks post planting in early or late rainy season improved biomass yield and maximize land equivalent ratio. Thus, these can serve as fodders for ruminant production in dry season.

Les fluctuations de la quantité de fourrage, en particulier en saison sèche, nécessitent une production fourragère stratégique. Par conséquent, cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier l'effet de cinq combinaisons fourragères, trois âges de récolte (5, 10 et 15 semaines) après la plantation (PP) et les saisons (pluies précoces et tardives). Les combinaisons fourragères étaient Panicum maximum (Pm), Stylosanthes guianensis (Sg), Stylosanthes hamata (Sh), Pm et Sg (PmSg) et Pm et Sh (PmSh) en utilisant la conception Split-Plot. Des données ont été recueillies sur le rendement total de la biomasse (RTB) et le rapport équivalent-terre (RET). Le RTB le plus élevé (p <0, 05) a été enregistré pour PmSg et PmSh (0, 96 et 1, 02 tDMha-1, respectivement) tandis que le RETle plus élevé a été observé pour PmSh. Le RTB le plus élevé (0,84 tDMha-1) et le RET (1,79) ont été enregistrés respectivement à 10 et 15 semaines PP, tandis que les pluies précoces avaient un RTB significativement (p<0,05) plus élevé (0,91 tDMha-1) mais un RET similaire entre les saisons. En conclusion, Panicum maximum avec Stylosanthes guianensis ou Stylosanthes hamata, récolté 10 semaines après la plantation au début ou à la fin de la saison des pluies, a amélioré le rendement de la biomasse et maximisé le rapport équivalent-terre. Ainsi, ceux-ci peuvent servir de fourrages pour la production de ruminants en saison sèche.
Technical note: Real-time diagnosis of the hygroscopic growth micro-dynamics of nanoparticles with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Wei Xiuli , Dai Haosheng , Gui Huaqiao , Zhang Jiaoshi , Cheng Yin , Wang Jie , Yang Yixin , Sun Youwen , Liu Jianguo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Nanoparticles can absorb water to grow, and this process will affect the
light-scattering behavior, cloud condensation nuclei properties, lifetime,
and chemical reactivity of these particles. Current techniques for
calculation of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) usually restrict the size
of particles to be within a certain range, which may result in a large uncertainty
when the particle size is beyond the specified range. Furthermore, current
techniques are difficult to use to identify the intermolecular interactions of
phase transition micro-dynamics during particles' hygroscopic growth process
because their limited temporal resolutions are unable to capture complex
intermediate states. In this study, the hygroscopic growth properties of
nanoparticles with electrical mobility diameters (Dem) of ∼ 100 nm and their phase transition micro-dynamics at the molecular level are
characterized in real time by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopic technique. We develop a novel real-time method for ALWC
calculation by reconstructing the absorption spectra of liquid water and
realize real-time measurements of water content and dry nanoparticle mass
to characterize hygroscopic growth factors (GFs). The calculated GFs
are generally in good agreement with the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model
(E-AIM) predictions. We also explore the phenomenon that the deliquescence
points of the ammonium sulfate / sodium nitrate (AS/SN) mixed nanoparticles
and the AS / oxalic acid (AS/OA) mixed nanoparticles are lower than that of
the pure AS. We further normalize the FTIR spectra of nanoparticles into
2D IR spectra and identify in real time the hydration interactions and the
dynamic hygroscopic growth process of the functional groups for AS, AS/SN, and
AS/OA nanoparticles. The results show that both SN and OA compounds can
lower the deliquescence point of AS, but they affect AS differently. The SN
can change but OA cannot change the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of AS during the
hygroscopic growth process. Compared with previous studies, we captured more
complex processes and the intermediate state of the hygroscopic growth of
nanoparticles. This study not only can provide important information with
respect to the difference in the phase transition point under different
conditions but also can improve current understanding of the chemical
interaction mechanism between nanoparticles (particularly for organic
particles) and the surrounding medium, which is of great significance for
investigation of haze formation in the atmosphere.
Bangladesh's vulnerability to cyclonic coastal flooding
Authors: Bernard Aurélia , Long Nathalie , Becker Mélanie , Khan Jamal , Fanchette Sylvie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta, covering most of Bangladesh, more than 165 million people live in low-lying coasts facing major extreme climatic events, such as cyclones. This article reviews the current scientific literature publications (2007–2020) in order to define
vulnerability in the context of coastal Bangladesh facing cyclonic flooding. Based on this review, a new metric, called the socio-spatial vulnerability index (SSVI), is defined as function of both the probability of the cyclonic flood hazard and the sensitivity of delta inhabitants. The main result shows that the districts of Shariatpur, Chandpur and Barisal situated in the tidal floodplain of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta are in the fourth quartile, i.e., highest category, the most vulnerable areas. These districts are very densely populated (from 870 up to 1400 inhabitants per square kilometer) and exposed to inundation hazards with a large number of vulnerability factors. Finally, the delta's mouth was identified as a very vulnerable area to cyclonic flooding as well.
Post-Covid-19 mental health issues in Obstetrics & Gynecology health care professionals of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Zahoor Farnaz , Yasmeen Sumeira 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pandemics and Epidemics are usually known for acute anxiety and even panic states, yet it has been documented that psychological effects remain in the post-pandemic period as well. These effects can impact not only the working capacity of individuals, but also their general and social wellbeing.
Objective: To assess the mental health in terms of anxiety and depression in health care professionals (HCP) who have recovered from COVID 19.
Materials & Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from March to August 2020 on 34 health care workers who had confirmed COVID 19 (positive PCR on nasopharyngeal swab) and recovered by repeat negative PCR on nasopharyngeal swab, had joined their duties, and were 3 months post-covid. Persons with prior mental health issues and on psychiatric medication were excluded. After permission from Hospital Ethical Board, informed consent for inclusion in the study was taken from subjects. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), was filled by all subjects; they were categorized as either suffering from anxiety/depression or normal based on the inbuilt scoring system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for descriptive statistics.
Results: Anxiety and depression scores based on HADS questionnaire were calculated and following are the percentages of participants with borderline anxiety score (32.5%), abnormal anxiety score (23.4%), borderline depression score (26.5%), and abnormal depression scores (32.4%).
Conclusion: Post-covid mental health assessment is likely to reveal a sizeable number of health care workers showing long term effects of Covid-19, who could be candidates for rehabilitation psychotherapy.