bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disk type planter of potato planter
Authors: Latypov R M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of ensuring the uniformity of the layout of potato tubers during planting, a disk-type planting device is proposed, and the movement of a potato tuber relative to the planting device of a potato planter is investigated. The results of calculations are obtained from the moment the tuber hits the drum until it falls on the soil, and the equation for the movement of the center of mass of the tuber relative to the disk-type planter is presented. It was found that an increase in the radius of the tuber by 2 mm increases the distance of the center of mass of the tubers by 8 mm at a fixed angle between the disks a=30 deg.
Regional aspect of digitalization of the agricultural sector in modern conditions
Authors: Starykh S A , Perepelkin I G , Raspopin D I , Kuzmicheva I G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Digitalization of agriculture is necessary to improve the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning through radical changes in the quality of management of both technological processes and decision-making processes at all levels of the hierarchy, based on modern ways of production and further use of information on the state and forecasting of possible changes in managed elements and subsystems, as well as economic conditions in agriculture. The world practice and experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the application of modern digital technologies allows to form optimal soil-agro-technical and organizational-territorial conditions, ensuring during the whole life cycle of agricultural products a significant increase in yield and productivity, reduction of material costs for fuel and lubricants, electricity, plant protection products, labor and other types of expenses, conservation of soil fertility and environmental protection. However domestic producers of agricultural products and foodstuffs lag behind agricultural producers of countries with developed agroindustrial complex in such significant indicators as labor productivity, crop yields etc. due to the long absence of conditions for investments and the low level of provision with modern information technologies existing at the moment. This article examines the current state and directions of development of the digitalization of the agricultural sector of Kursk region. The problems of digitalization of the agroindustrial complex are identified, and the key directions of digitalization of agriculture are described.
Comparative analysis of weeds species composition in the crops of spring soft wheat cultivated using organic and intensive technologies (on the example of Altai Krai)
Authors: Zavalishin S I , Kosachev I A , Chernyshkov O V , Sokolova L V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this research, we investigated the comparative analysis of weeds species composition in the crops of spring soft wheat cultivated using organic and intensive technologies (on the example of Altai Krai) in 2019-2020. On average, over two years, the intensive technology of growing spring wheat has shown better results than the organic one. So, weediness in crops with organic technology was 4 times higher than with intensive technology. Annual monocotyledonous prevailed 133.2 psc/m2 (organic technology), with intensive technology there were 98.4 psc/m2 less. Without the use of chemicals for plant protection and fertilization, in our experience, not only there were more weeds, but this directly influenced the yield of this crop.
The firefighting soil-thrower for laying mineralized strips and extinguishing wildfires
Authors: Tsarev E M , Anisimov S E , Rukomojnikov K P , Gilyazova T A , Anisimov N S , Anisimov I S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article provides satellite monitoring of the fire situation in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Mari El. The methods of fighting forest fires are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the use of soil for the direct fight against forest fires by throwing it with special devices (firefighting soilthrow machine), which are perspective, especially when extinguishing low forest fires. The design of a firefighting soilthrow machine for extinguishing forest fires by creating (laying) mineralized strips and filling the edge of a moving fire with soil (low fires) is proposed.
Polymorphism of the leaf and fruit of the Sargent’s apple tree (Malus sargentii Rehd) under the conditions of Sakhalin and the Moscow region
Authors: Donskih V G , Aniskina T S , Ladyzhenskaya O V , Kryuchkova V A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article summarizes the materials on the assessment of the variability of the characteristics of the Sargent’s apple tree (Malus sargentii), which is widely used in breeding, is a donor of immunity to scab and powdery mildew, and is also used in ornamental horticulture. The objects of study are the leaves and fruits of the Sargent apple tree, collected in the botanical garden on Sakhalin and in Moscow. The polymorphism score of 10 quantitative traits of the flower and fruit was determined by calculating the coefficients of variation. It was found that in both regions, leaf length, leaf blade length, stalk length, fruit length and fruit diameter have very low polymorphism (7-15%). The length of the petiole and the number of fruits in the corymb in samples from Sakhalin has an increased variation (31.4% and 25.5%, respectively), while in samples from Moscow, these indicators are medium (19.2%) and low (14.3%) polymorphism. Analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of the region of growth on the leaf length (the share of the influence of the conditions of the region is 71%), the length of the leaf blade (56%), the maximum width of the leaf (68%), the petiole length (28%), fruit weight (77%), fruit length (81%), fruit diameter (54%). By comparing pairwise differences with the least significant difference (LSD05), it was found that the samples from Sakhalin have significantly greater leaf length, leaf blade length, petiole length, while significantly less than the maximum leaf width, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, as well as the number fruit in a shield.
Application of water-saving technologies for cotton irrigation in the Lower Volga region
Authors: Khodiakov E A , Milovanov S G , Popov R U , Bondarenko K V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of research in 2019-2020 in the south of Russia. There were 4 options for irrigation and 4 doses of fertilization to obtain a yield of 2 to 5 t/ha of raw cotton with different irrigation methods. It was found that a maintenance of the Soil Pre-Irrigation Moisture (SPIM) 75-75-70 % of Full Moisture Capacity (FMC) together with the doses of fertilizer N140P60K45 made it possible to achieve the minimum Irrigation Water Expenses (IWE) of 463 and 269 m3 and the Total Water Consumption (Water Total Consumption Coefficient – WTCC) of 664 and 456 m3 to obtain 1 ton of raw cotton, achieving the yield of 4.32 and 4.49 t/ha, respectively, with sprinkling and drip irrigation. An increase of the fertilizer doses to N175P75K56 contributed to rise of yield to 5.28 and 5.41 t/ha, simultaneously reducing IWE the to 378 and 224, and WTCC - to 543 and 379 m3/t. Compared to furrow irrigation, the use of sprinkling and drip irrigation made it possible to reduce IWE by 37.0 and 73.7 %, WTCC - by 47.4 and 63.7 %, increasing the yield of raw cotton to 38.0 and 43.5 %.
New solutions in the horticultural industry
Authors: Kondratieva O V , Fedorov A D , Slinko O V , Voytyuk V A , Alekseeva S A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of the production of fruits and berries, which largely depends on the level of automation and digitalization of manufacturing processes. Due to the lack of serial domestic dedicated machines fitted with the automation of a number of planting, care and harvesting operations in horticulture, Russian farmers are forced to purchase and use foreign equipment. Many foreign companies that are manufacturers of agricultural machinery use current technological solutions in their projects, such as artificial intelligence, computer vision, data analysis, etc. From seventy to eighty percent of foreign agricultural machines are equipped with sensors and automatic systems. Robotic tools are used to pick fruits and berries such as common garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) and hautbois strawberry (Fragaria moschata). At the same time, the robot can find fruits, determine the degree of ripeness, carefully pick and place them into a container. Russian companies are beginning to actively introduce digital technology in the development of modern technical means, including those intended for horticulture. An urgent area in the development of digital technology in agriculture is the use of mobile applications that allow reducing the cost of production, overdue, etc. Mobile online applications can contain the coordinates of fields, types of crops planted, data from past harvests and recommendations for subsequent operations taking into account the analysis of many current factors. The applications combine data from sensors of agricultural machinery, drones, satellites, etc. Field navigators allow for the use of precision farming technology even in poor visibility conditions. Artificial intelligence-based programs offer solutions, recommendations and consultations.
Allelopathic effect of weed extracts on vegetable seeds
Authors: Egushova E A , Anokhina O V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Protection of cultivated agricultural crops from weeds is one of the most important tasks of soil management as a science. Weed control is mainly dependent on the use of synthetic herbicides. The treatment of crops with herbicides inhibits and destroys not only weeds, but inhibits the growth and development of cultivated plants, and also affects the safety of crop production. Weed growth can be suppressed by the plants’ allelopathic effects. As a form of plant interaction in plant cenoses, allelopathy is a cycle of physiologically active substances (colins), which regulate internal and external relationships, renewal, development and change of vegetation cover in biogeocenosis. In agrophytocenosis, both cultivated and weed plants can be donors of physiologically active substances. The article presents the results of studies on the allelopathic effect of weeds on the germination energy and laboratory germination of beet and carrot seeds. It was found that extracts from Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic and Sonchus arvensis L. had the maximum inhibitory effect on the germination of carrot seeds at a concentration of 10%. An average allelopathic activity on the beet seeds’ germination energy was produced by extracts from Sonchus arvensis L. at concentrations of 5% and 10%. Seed germination ranged from 50.5 to 65.0% depending on crop varieties.
Problems of introducing the results of scientific achievements into environmental protection and nature restoration activities (on the example of nanodispersed colloidal magnetorheological systems)
Authors: Kovarda V V , Laptev R A , Bukreeva T N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article reviews the examples of the potential use of the nanotechnology achievements in environmental protection and nature restoration activities, in particular, the possibility of cleaning up oil spills at sea during transportation. The introduction of magnetic levitation effect in technology can bring potential benefits for solving environmental issues. It is noted that this method was recognized as economically ineffective. The study concludes that the predominance of the economic factor over environmental aspects can lead to neglection of progressive approaches and serious changes in the ecosystem. As a result, the expected short-term positive effect can be offset by long-term negative natural consequences. The authors propose to focus on nature conservation and restoration activities, and to analyse achievements and proposals in this area with a predominance of a long-term environmental perspectives.
Sorption filtration of organic microdrops in a hydrocyclone
Authors: Lamskova M I , Filimonov M I , Novikov A E , Novikov A I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is developed a construction of a hydrocyclone with sorption filter elements, providing effective purification of irrigation water from mechanical impurities and microdrops of organic pollutants. Increasing the efficiency of water purification from various types impurities is achieved due to a larger working area of the sorption filter, varying the structure of the sorption filter by changing the number of filter layers and the distance between the layers depending on the organic pollutants nature, increasing the resource of the sorption filter and reducing the downtime of the hydrocyclone for regeneration with replacement of the sorption filter with a replaceable one. The geometric parameters of the designed hydrocyclone have been determined by the calculation method for capacity 3.5 m3/h: D = 100 mm, din = 32 mm and ddrain = 40 mm. As a sorbing material, it was adopted a carbon fiber sorbent made of viscose technical thread with carbonation, the total sorption capacity of which was 20.9 g/g.
Increasing the state regulation efficiency of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Parkhomchuk M A , Sentishcheva E A , Kuzmina V M , Golovin A A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To date the implementation of effective agro-industrial land use programs to a certain extent is situational in nature with insufficient use of complexity and systematic management. The purpose is to analyze the current situation in the agro-industrial development of the Russian Federation in order to determine further ways to improve the regulation of this industry by the state. Methods. The research materials are based on a set of economic methods: abstract-logical, analytical, computational-constructive, economic-statistical. The information basis of the study was made up of empirical materials from the official website of Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation), the results of monographic and economic research and scientific institutions. Results. The assessment of state regulation of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy in terms of achieving effective results is the result of achieving or exceeding the set values in state programs, such as the country’s Food Security Doctrine. Conclusions. Based on the changes that will have the strongest impact for the development of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy, it is necessary to implement the following motivational directions for the innovative development of this industry: cost reduction and risk minimization based on new goals, achieving leadership in the industry, maintaining competitiveness, as well as creating new products for the market.
Change in the content of Pb and Cd mobile compounds in sod-podzolic soil at application increasing doses of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Cheglakova O A , Shikhova L N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Results are presented of study of seasonal dynamics of lead and cadmium mobile compounds content in arable sod-podzolic soils of long stationary trial on application of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers. The studies revealed that the concentrations of mobile compounds of elements in the soil are insignificant and do not exceed MAC and background concentrations; this fact indicates the absence of anthropogenic contamination of the studied arable soils. During the growing seasons of two years of observation, the content of mobile Pb changed from 0.08 to 1.03 mg/kg in the first year and from 1.34 to 3.10 mg/kg in the second. The content of mobile Cd was from 0.04 to 0.10 mg/kg in the first and from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg in the second year of observation, respectively. During the growing season, the content of mobile forms of elements was very dynamic. The maximum content of mobile lead was characteristic of the initial phase of the growing season (end of May - June) at the most favorable combination of hydrothermal factors. Clear reliable patterns in changing the content of mobile forms of cadmium during the season were not revealed. The application of increasing doses of fertilizers leads to an increase in the acidity (decrease in pH) of the arable layer of soils. However, the influence of this factor on the dynamics and content of lead and cadmium was ambiguous, which indicates a complex influence of other unaccounted soil factors.
Wild berries in Tetraonidae nutrition
Authors: Yaroslavtsev A V , Obotnin S I , Kosolapova N V , Luginina E A , Egoshina T L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study involves qualitative parameters of use of most important wild growing berries by Tetraonidae birds. Share and peculiarities of use of consumed berries varies depending on geographic conditions and types of plant communities.
Ecological and biological aspects of Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo coenopopulations in northern taiga conditions
Authors: Bushueva Yu O , Gudovskikh Yu V , Egoshina T L , Luginina E A , Yaroslavtsev A V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó is rare and protected in 25 districts of Russian Federation; it is also included in the IUCN Red List of threatened species. In studied conditions populations of D. maculata are confined to herbaceous and sedge-gramineous marshy meadows of different anthropogenic disturbance. In studied communities the species is characterized by medium quantity and relatively high variability of age groups. Average age spectrum of studied coenopopulations of D. maculata is incomplete double-humped with maximum on immature plants and local peak on generative plants. It was defined that young individuals prevail in ontogenetic spectrum of D. maculata and post-generative fraction is absent. Probably, the peculiarity is one of adaptive mechanisms of the species in conditions of anthropogenic influence and ecological status of typical biotopes in the North-East of Russia. Relatively high values of demographic and morphological parameters are defined for the plants on overgrowing technogenic area with medium disturbance. According to the hemeroby parameter, D. maculata is a species capable of tolerating moderate human impact. The results obtained in studied populations of D. maculata prove favorable conditions for the species in northern taiga ecosystems exposed to moderate or significant recreational stress, as well as sufficient reserves of the species’ stability towards anthropogenic and abiotic factors. Further monitoring of D. maculata is an essential measure necessary for determining ecological-biological peculiarities and range of the species’ tolerance towards different impacts in close-to-critical environmental conditions, which will promote conservation of the populations.
Structural and mineralogical features of the Visean coal-bearing strata at the Kama coal basin
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Barieva E R , Muzalevskaya L V , Korolev A E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sections of the coal-bearing strata of the Visean stage of the Kama coal basin in the territory of the Tatarstan republic are considered. It has been established that a coastal-marine terrigenous complex represents the coal-bearing strata. The complex is characterized by alternation of layers of coals, claystones, siltstones and sandstones. Coals lie at the base of the section, forming seams up to 10.0 m thick. Coals are allochthonous, formed due to the denudation erosion of peat deposits on land, the transfer of peat by water flows, and their sediment on the coastal part of the sea basin with normal salinity. The Visean caustobioliths can be classified as brown coals with a low degree of metamorphism. Their composition is dominated by the fusen component with scattered inclusions of liptinite and fusinite. In terms of material and petrographic composition, caustobioliths are classified as fusen varieties of gumite coals. In terms of the content of mineral impurities, the coals are low-medium ash, sulphurous.
Modernization of technological process in agriculture using the John Deere 730 Air Disk Drill
Authors: Bulavintsev R A , Konoshin I V , Bukhvostov Yu V , Minakova I V , Bukreeva T N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The authors have shared the experience of operating the John Deere 730 Air Disk Drill coupled with the John Deere 1910 Commodity Air Cart at the Scientific and educational production center ‘Integration’ (Orel, Russia). The study gives a qualitative assessment of the operation of the seeder unit taking into account field size and shape, and proposes the technology of seed sowing at the field edges. The article presents the technical characteristics of the seeder, shows the impact of seeder operating parts on the technological process, and demonstrates the results of comparative experiments of the quality of seeding down and variation curves of the distribution of intervals in terms of planting depth. The authors have noted that the evenness of seeding depth is ensured by the special characteristics of the opener with the hydraulic reloading system. It is proven that the John Deere 730 Air Disk Drill equipped with the autopilot system allows achieving productivity up to 190 hectares per day.
Assessing the reproduction of land resources in the context of achieving food security
Authors: Golovin A A , Soklakov A A , Spitsyna A O 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article conducted a study of the level of reproduction of land resources in Russia, in the conditions of the formation of food security. It was revealed that the growth of food production in Russia leads to a decrease in the potential of agricultural land. A significant part of the land occupied by agricultural crops is not fertilized. The introduced volumes of nutrients are insufficient for either simple or extended reproduction. Volumes of fertilizers close to simple reproduction are applied to grain and leguminous crops. An increase in the application of potassium would fully allow for the simple reproduction of land occupied by grain crops. The most critical situation has developed with the lands used for growing sugar beets. The lack of nutrients led to the fact that in 2019 the earth lost more than 200 kg of nitrogen and potassium. The identified situation is a threat to both food and national security. If the current trend continues, the yield will show a downward trend, which, even if costs remain at the same level, will lead to an increase in prices, and, accordingly, to a decrease in food availability. In general, there is a pronounced situation of depletion of land resources. Instead of stimulating the introduction of fertilizers and ensuring low prices for them, the country’s leadership is stimulating food exports. This situation is similar to the export of mineral resources and timber. Grain, like oilseeds, is predominantly exported in a non-processed form, which is inherently a low value-added resource commodity. But the main thing is that soil fertility is actually exported, since the applied fertilizers do not even provide simple reproduction.