bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental software product line verification - A performance analysis with dead variable code
Authors: Kröher Christian , Flöter Moritz , Gerling Lea , Schmid Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVerification approaches for Software Product Lines (SPL) aim at detecting variability-related defects and inconsistencies. In general, these analyses take a significant amount of time to provide complete results for an entire, complex SPL. If the SPL evolves, these results potentially become invalid, which requires a time-consuming re-verification of the entire SPL for each increment. However, in previous work we showed that variability-related changes occur rather infrequently and typically only affect small parts of a SPL. In this paper, we utilize this observation and present an incremental dead variable code analysis as an example for incremental SPL verification, which achieves significant performance improvements. It explicitly considers changes and partially updates its previous results by re-verifying changed artifacts only. We apply this approach to the Linux kernel demonstrating that our fastest incremental strategy takes only 3.20 seconds or less for most of the changes, while the non-incremental approach takes 1,020 seconds in median. We also discuss the impact of different variants of our strategy on the overall performance, providing insights into optimizations that are worthwhile.
Lipidomics of Thalassiosira pseudonana as a function of valve SDV synthesis
Authors: Schwarz Philipp , Herrfurth Cornelia , Steinem Claudia , Feussner Ivo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Silica polycondensation occurring in diatom organelles called silica deposition vesicles (SDVs) leads to valve and girdle band formation to complete the biosilica cell wall after cell division. As SDVs have as yet not successfully been isolated, the role of SDV membranes in silica biogenesis is still largely unexplored. Here we used the possibility of synchronizing the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to produce two synchronized cultures in different cell cycle stages that differ in their valve SDV production. Lipid subclass fold changes between valve SDV-enriched samples and cells in the G1 state are interpreted as indications for SDV-relevant membrane lipids. The lipid classes phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were found to be elevated in valve SDV-enriched cells, also showing accumulation of the very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It is conceivable that PA and LPC are preferentially found in SDV regions with high membrane curvature like the rims of the pancake-shaped valve SDV, while PC and PE molecules are presumably found in the planar regions of the SDVs. In addition, DHA-enriched phospholipids are known to form highly disordered membrane domains, which might be involved in membrane protein localization, possibly used for cytoskeleton-mediated positioning of the SDV.
Multiphoton Phosphorescence of Simple Ketones by Visible-light Excitation and Its Consideration for Active Sensing in Space
Authors: de Prinse Thomas , Klantsataya Elizaveta , Tsiminis Georgios , Payten Thomas , Moffatt Jillian , Kee Tak W. , Spooner Nigel A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcetone and butanone were seen to emit blue light around 450 nm when excited in the green by a high intensity pulsed laser. The pathway of this anti-Stokes emission is believed to be multiphoton absorption followed by phosphorescence, with emission being observed in the samples at cryogenic temperatures below their melting point and not seen from either ketone in their cold liquid state. Given the widespread nature of these simple ketones in off-world bodies and their potential importance as an organic resource for Space Resource Utilization, signals which enable the identification and tracing of these materials are of use in applications from remote sensing and mapping to monitoring during extraction processes. While the excitation process has a low efficiency, the ability to use visible light for sensing of these targets has advantages over UV sources, such as the wider availability of high-powered lasers which could be utilized.
Improving Superconductivity, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties by Substituting Different Ionic Pb Elements to Bi and Ca Elements in Bi-2223 Superconductors
Authors: Saritekin N. K. , Üzümcü A. T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this detailed study, the changes of microstructural, mechanical, and superconducting features of bulk Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2.0Ca1.8Pb0.2Cu3Oymaterials prepared at different milling time intervals (0.5 h ≤ x ≤ 8 h) were investigated in the most precise manner. The measurements of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Vickers microhardness (Hv) were designed to scrutinize the bulk BSCCO samples. All the results of the measurements and calculations show that the characteristics responsible for the applications of the technology, industry, and engineering are significantly improved up to the 3 h milling time beyond that they tend to deteriorate. The enhancement of the characters is generally related to the transition from underdoped level of the (Bi, Pb)-2223 to the optimum level with the milling duration and this event approves that sufficient Pb nanoparticles penetrate the crystal structure. On the other hand, some of the reasons for the suppression in the superconducting properties are the presence of the porosity, disorder, defects, and the localization problem in the Cu-O2consecutively stacked layers. In addition to those mentioned above, the other reasons are degradation in the crystallinity, reduction in the average crystallite size, and decrease in mobile hole concentration in the Cu-O2layers. Similarly, the Pb inclusion rises the artificial random dislocations and grain boundary weak-links in the (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconducting system. Vickers microhardness measurements show that (Bi, Pb)-2223 bulk superconducting specimens exhibit typical indentation size behavior depending on the presence of both elastic and plastic deformations in the system. The results obtained from the hardness measurements have been analyzed by using Meyer law, PRS model, MPRS model, elastic–plastic deformation model, and Hays-Kendall approach. As a result, the Hays-Kendall approach was identified as the most successful model in describing the mechanical properties of the samples.
Advantages of in vivo measurement of human skin thermal conductance using a calorimetric sensor
Authors: Rodríguez de Rivera Pedro Jesús , Rodríguez de Rivera Miriam , Socorro Fabiola , Calbet Jose A. L. , Rodríguez de Rivera Manuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThermal conductivity of the skin has been measured by in vivo procedures since the 1950s. These devices usually consist of temperature sensors and heating elements. In vivo measurement of skin thermal conductivity entails several difficulties. It is necessary to adequately characterize the excitation produced by the measurement. In addition, the thermal penetration depth of each instrument is different. These factors have led to the development of a multitude of techniques to measure the thermal conductivity or related magnitudes such as thermal conductance. In our case, we have built a calorimetric sensor designed to measure this magnitude directly and non-invasively. The device implements the basic principles of calorimetry and is capable of characterizing the thermal magnitudes of a 2 × 2 (4) cm2 skin region. The sensor consists of a measuring thermopile with a thermostat cooled by Peltier effect. Several skin measurements performed under different conditions resulted in a thermal conductance ranging from 0.017 to 0.050 WK−1. This magnitude, measured in vivo, is different in each studied area and depends on several factors, such as physical activity and the physiological state of the subject. This new sensor is a useful tool for studying the human body thermoregulatory response.
Why do wantrepreneurs fail to take actions? Moderators of the link between intentions and entrepreneurial actions at the early stage of venturing
Authors: Mackiewicz Michał 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThriving entrepreneurship is a necessary condition of long-term sustainability in all modern economies. However, many entrepreneurs-to-be fail to take real actions in their transition from dreamers to doers. In this paper, we demonstrate that there are significant gaps in the current understanding of the important pre-entrepreneurship stages of starting new companies. In particular, these gaps include a proper understanding of moderators such as procrastination, commitment, and acquiring entrepreneurial knowledge from informal and unstructured sources. A promising way to fill these gaps is researching a promising yet little-known group – wantrepreneurs. Our qualitative study of a group of wantrepreneurs who seriously consider becoming entrepreneurs but fail to take any concrete steps allowed us to propose a number of hypotheses in this area and propose an extension of the Entrepreneurial Event Model.
Industrial policy, innovative entrepreneurship, and the human capital of founders
Authors: Grilli Luca , Mrkajic Boris , Giraudo Emanuele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrior research shows that entrepreneurship enhances economic development. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that it is not the number of new startups that matter but rather their quality. This study investigates the effect of a comprehensive industrial policy intervention targeting innovative startups, i.e., the Italian Startup Act, on the composition of innovative entrepreneurs in terms of their human capital endowment. By decomposing the impact of lowering entry and growth barriers and by comparing the “before” and the “after” of the reform, we explore if the industrial policy has modified the composition of innovative entrepreneurs in terms of their human capital characteristics. The findings indicate that the reform, and in particular lowering growth barriers, was particularly able to push individuals with a relatively higher level of industry-specific, managerial, and entrepreneurial experience towards the creation of a new innovative venture. Overall, we show that a policy reform that decreases barriers to innovative entrepreneurship may attract entrepreneurs endowed with greater specific human capital than what occurred before the reform.
The nobel prize in physiology or medicine — 2021
Authors: Hagymási Krisztina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. TRP and Piezo channels also have several additional physiological functions, so targeting their functions could be a promising therapeutic target for different diseases, including the management of pain.
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Oleogel Properties of Wax–Wax-Hydrolyzate Mixtures
Authors: Wettlaufer Till , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, the effect of cooling rates on a wide compositional range of waxes as oleogel structurants was systematically investigated. The different waxes exhibited varying levels of wax esters (WE), fatty acids (FA), fatty alcohols (FaOH) and hydrocarbons (HC) and were systematically altered by combinations of sunflower wax (SFW), bees wax (BW) and their hydrolyzed variants (SFWh, BWh). By applying slow, medium and high cooling rates, the resulting gel properties were investigated in terms of firmness, calorimetry and microstructure. It was found that the calorimetrical signal is mainly affected by the waxes’ composition. However, due to enlarged dynamic induction times upon crystallization, a shift in dissolution temperature could be observed in heating scans. In our latest work we were able to formulate the degree of homogeneity (DoH), with which it was possible to predict the undercooling in SFW mixtures. The introduction of a novel method emerged for firmness measurements of oleogels treated with the different rates. Thus, it was possible to detect with high sensitivity for all waxes for applied cooling rates, caused by modification of microstructure. Combination of different methods further elucidated that higher rates need to be applied to further scale firmness of oleogels in industrial processes.
A system for real-time multivariate feature combination of endoscopic mitral valve simulator training data
Authors: Fuchs Reinhard , Van Praet Karel M. , Bieck Richard , Kempfert Jörg , Holzhey David , Kofler Markus , Borger Michael A. , Jacobs Stephan , Falk Volkmar , Neumuth Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
For an in-depth analysis of the learning benefits that a stereoscopic view presents during endoscopic training, surgeons required a custom surgical evaluation system enabling simulator independent evaluation of endoscopic skills. Automated surgical skill assessment is in dire need since supervised training sessions and video analysis of recorded endoscope data are very time-consuming. This paper presents a first step towards a multimodal training evaluation system, which is not restricted to certain training setups and fixed evaluation metrics.

Methods
With our system we performed data fusion of motion and muscle-action measurements during multiple endoscopic exercises. The exercises were performed by medical experts with different surgical skill levels, using either two or three-dimensional endoscopic imaging. Based on the multi-modal measurements, training features were calculated and their significance assessed by distance and variance analysis. Finally, the features were used automatic classification of the used endoscope modes.

Results
During the study, 324 datasets from 12 participating volunteers were recorded, consisting of spatial information from the participants’ joint and right forearm electromyographic information. Feature significance analysis showed distinctive significance differences, with amplitude-related muscle information and velocity information from hand and wrist being among the most significant ones. The analyzed and generated classification models exceeded a correct prediction rate of used endoscope type accuracy rate of 90%.

Conclusion
The results support the validity of our setup and feature calculation, while their analysis shows significant distinctions and can be used to identify the used endoscopic view mode, something not apparent when analyzing time tables of each exercise attempt. The presented work is therefore a first step toward future developments, with which multivariate feature vectors can be classified automatically in real-time to evaluate endoscopic training and track learning progress.
On sums of dependent random lifetimes under the time-transformed exponential model
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Pellerey Franco , Mulero Julio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor a given pair of random lifetimes whose dependence is described by a time-transformed exponential model, we provide analytical expressions for the distribution of their sum. These expressions are obtained by using a representation of the joint distribution in terms of bivariate distortions, which is an alternative approach to the classical copula representation. Since this approach allows one to obtain conditional distributions and their inverses in simple form, then it is also shown how it can be used to predict the value of the sum from the value of one of the variables (or vice versa) by using quantile regression techniques.
Modelling Three-Dimensional Microstructure Evolution Influenced by Concurrent Structural Mechanical Mechanisms
Authors: Soar Peter , Kao Andrew , Djambazov Georgi , Pericleous Koulis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interdependence between structural mechanics and microstructure solidification is an inherently three-dimensional phenomenon, where the complex physical processes and mechanical interactions can lead to dendrites growing at orientations influenced by twisting and out of plane bending. These effects can have a significant impact on the formation of defects and the overall macroscopic material properties of the structure. However, all attempts to numerically model this process so far have been limited to two-dimensional representations of the problem, which necessitates ignoring any potential behaviour that may arise from these more complex deformation events. For this reason, the two-dimensional numerical methods presented in previous papers, which couple a Finite Volume Structural Mechanics Solver to a Cellular Automata solidification solver, have been expanded so that problems may now be simulated in three dimensions. Results are presented which do not aim to predict any specific mechanism but rather highlight the new capabilities of this improved three-dimensional modelling framework.
In Utero Development and Immunosurveillance of B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Rüchel Nadine , Jepsen Vera H. , Hein Daniel , Fischer Ute , Borkhardt Arndt , Gössling Katharina L. 
Published: March 2022

Opinion statementAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent type of pediatric cancer with a peak incidence at 2–5 years of age. ALL frequently begins in utero with the emergence of clinically silent, preleukemic cells. Underlying leukemia-predisposing germline and acquired somatic mutations define distinct ALL subtypes that vary dramatically in treatment outcomes. In addition to genetic predisposition, a second hit, which usually occurs postnatally, is required for development of overt leukemia in most ALL subtypes. An untrained, dysregulated immune response, possibly due to an abnormal response to infection, may be an important co-factor triggering the onset of leukemia. Furthermore, the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells and T helper (Th) cells in controlling the preleukemic cells has been discussed. Identifying the cell of origin of the preleukemia-initiating event might give additional insights into potential options for prevention. Modulation of the immune system to achieve prolonged immunosurveillance of the preleukemic clone that eventually dies out in later years might present a future directive. Herein, we review the concepts of prenatal origin as well as potential preventive approaches to pediatric B cell precursor (BCP) ALL.
Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Patients with Richter’s Syndrome
Authors: Iannello Andrea , Deaglio Silvia , Vaisitti Tiziana 
Published: March 2022

Opinion statementIn the last 10–15 years, the way to treat cancers has dramatically changed towards precision medicine approaches. These treatment options are mainly based on selective targeting against signaling pathways critical for or detrimentally activated in cancer cells in cancer cells, as well as exploiting molecules that are specifically expressed on neoplastic cells, also known as tumor-associated antigens. These considerations hold true also in the hematological field where a plethora of novel targeted agents have reached patients’ bedside, significantly improving clinical responses. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an example of how targeted therapies, such as BTK, PI3K, or Bcl-2 inhibitors as well as anti-CD20 antibodies, have improved patients’ management, even when adopted as frontline treatment. However, these advancements do not apply to Richter’s syndrome (RS), the transformation of CLL into a very aggressive and fatal lymphoma, occurring in 2–10% of patients. RS is usually a fast-growing lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell or the Hodgkin’s variant, with a dismal prognosis. Despite advancements in depicting and understanding the genetic background of RS and its pathogenesis, no significant clinical results have been registered. In the last couple of years, several studies have started to investigate the impact of novel drugs or drug combinations and some of them have opened for clinical trials, currently in phase I or II, whose results will be soon available. This review will present an overview of current and most recent therapeutic options in RS, discussing also how results coming from xenograft models may help in designing and identifying novel treatment opportunities to overcome the lack of effective therapies.
Drivers, barriers and supply chain variables influencing the adoption of the blockchain to support traceability along fashion supply chains
Authors: Moretto Antonella , Macchion Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe critical role of blockchain technology in ensuring a proper level of traceability and visibility along supply chains is increasingly being explored in the literature. This critical examination must focus on the factors that either encourage or hinder (i.e. the drivers or barriers) the implementation of this technology in extended supply chains. On the assumption that the blockchain will need to be adopted at the supply chain level, the enabling factors and the contingent variables of different supply chains must be identified and analysed. The appropriate identification of supply chain partners is becoming a critical factor of success since the globalization of supply chains makes their management and control increasingly difficult. This is particularly true of the fashion industry. Five blockchain providers and seven focal companies working in the fashion industry were interviewed to compare their different viewpoints on this topic. The results highlight which drivers, barriers, and supply chain variables impact the implementation of the blockchain and specific research propositions are formulated.
Yield Depression in New Zealand Potato Crops Associated with Soil Compaction and Soil-Borne Diseases
Authors: Sinton Sarah M. , Falloon Richard E. , Jamieson Peter D. , Meenken Esther D. , Shah Farhat A. , Brown Hamish E. , Dellow Steven J. , Michel Alex J. , Fletcher John D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn New Zealand, potato crop yields of 90 t ha−1 are achievable but at 55 t ha−1, the average is becoming economically unsustainable. In 2012/13, a grower-initiated survey found that Rhizoctonia solani and Spongospora subterranea (soil-borne pathogens) and soil compaction were widespread in 11 Canterbury potato crops. Targeted areas in these crops had measured yield losses of 0 (healthy plants) – 42 (diseased, resource constrained plants) t ha−1, limiting the farmer-measured field yield to a 56 t ha−1 average. In 2014/15, growth, water use and health of three contrasting crops were measured. Near-potential yield was achieved in one crop when disease incidence and severity were low and resources adequate. The other two crops yielded less than potential; one had an inadequate water supply and the other widespread soil-borne disease. Any suspected links between soil-borne disease, soil compaction and yield were further investigated by using them as factors in replicated experiments reported elsewhere.