bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositing prevulcanized natural rubber with multiwalled carbon nanotubes to make antistatic films
Authors: Wiroonpochit Panithi , Keawmaungkom Sutthinee , Chisti Yusuf , Hansupalak Nanthiya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNatural rubber was prevulcanized using ultraviolet (UV) light and the resulting prevulcanized natural rubber (PVNR) was composited with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a conductive filler, to make films suitable for antistatic gloves. These films were characterized in terms of mechanical properties and electrical resistivity. Effects of type of UV radiation and other specifics of the production process, on mechanical properties of neat PVNR were first investigated. This was followed by an investigation of the effects of surfactant type on the dispersion of MWCNT in water and the PVNR matrix. Four surfactants with different headgroups were used in preparing MWCNT dispersions that were then mixed with the PVNR latex to form the different films. As a consequence of its milk‐like turbidity, the natural rubber latex was found to require deeply penetrating UVA light for satisfactory prevulcanization. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was the best surfactant for dispersing MWCNT both in water and in PVNR matrix. SDS resulted in MWCNT–PVNR composite films with the least electrical resistivity and good mechanical properties for making antistatic gloves. SDS did not interfere with stress transfer at NR–MWCNT interface. SDS was superior to the other surfactants because its head group had a charge opposite to that on the NR surface and lacked a benzene ring that would have interacted strongly with the hydrophobic surface of MWCNT.
Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of cyanate ester/hyperbranched benzoxazine copolymers
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Li Runjie , Qin Qirui , Al Hassan Mohamadou , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Liu Wenbin , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the current study, three different curing kinetics models were used to analyze the curing kinetics of hyperbranched benzoxazine (HB‐PED230) and monofunctional benzoxazine (P‐a) modified cyanate ester (CE) resin by non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimeter. Moreover, the effects of two benzoxazines on the copolymerization behavior, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of CE resin were studied. Compared with the P‐a modified CE resin, HB‐PED230 greatly reduces the curing temperature of the copolymer, while improving the bending strength and impact strength. The curing temperature of HB‐PED230 modified CE resin was 79°C lower than neat CE resin, while the CE/P‐a blended resin only reduce 48°C. As the amount of HB‐PED230 increased, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the copolymers were improved. Surprisingly, when 7 wt% of HB‐PED230 was added, the impact strength of the copolymer was increased by 177.6%, implying that the toughness of CE resin had been greatly improved. Moreover, the fracture morphology of the copolymers was observed by scanning electron microscope. In summary, a small amount of HB‐PED230 blending can effectively improve the overall performance of CE resin.
Extra‐cardiac diagnoses and postnatal outcomes of fetal tetralogy of fallot
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Niederhoffer Karen Y. , Caluseriu Oana , Cooke Christy‐Lynn , Hornberger Lisa K. , He Rose , Eckersley Luke , Lin Lily , Rushfeldt Michelle , McBrien Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivePast studies of fetal tetralogy of fallot (ToF) have reported extra‐cardiac anomalies (ECAs) in 17%–45%, genetic syndromes in as low as 20% and poor postnatal outcomes. This study sought to examine these factors in a contemporary cohort.MethodsA retrospective review examining 83 fetuses with ToF diagnosed 2012–2019. Referral indication, ToF subtype, additional cardiac, extra‐cardiac and genetic diagnoses, pregnancy outcomes and survival were documented.ResultsThe mean gestational age at diagnosis was 23 ± 4 weeks. Of 94% (78/83) with genetic testing (GT), 30% (23/78, 95%CI 21%–40%) had genetic anomalies (GA), including Trisomy 21 (39%, 9/23), 22q11 deletion (35%, 8/23), Trisomy 13 or 18 (17%, 4/23) and 9% (2/23) others. A further 4% (3/78) had VACTERL association. Forty–one percent (34/83, 95%CI 31%–52%) had ≥1 major ECA of whom 41% (14/34) also had a genetic anomaly. Outcomes: 22% (18/83) pregnancy termination, 5% (4/83) intrauterine death and 72% (60/83) live birth. Of live births, 3% (2/60) experienced neonatal death, 7% late death (4/60) and 90% (54/60) were alive at last follow‐up (mean age 3.5 ± 2.4 years).ConclusionIn a cohort of fetuses with ToF and high rates of GT, compared to previous reports, GA were more common and there were similar rates of ECAs.
Epoxidized natural rubber/acid functionalized carbon nanotubes composites for enhanced thermo‐mechanical and oxygen barrier performance
Authors: Karanath Balendran Bhavitha , Yaragalla Srinivasarao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, acid functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) reinforced epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25) composites with 25% epoxidation are studied with particular reference to the effect of FCNTs on microstructural development along with their effect on thermo‐mechanical and gas barrier properties. Excellent improvement in tensile strength, that is, 128% and 118%, was observed with the addition 1 and 2 wt% of FCNTs, respectively, without compromising the elongation at break. A 76% improvement in oxygen impermeability was found for 2 wt% of FCNTs. Chemical interactions among FCNTs and ENR 25 altered the composite morphology and led to good dispersion, both of which contribute to the excellent thermo‐mechanical and gas barrier properties of the composites. The distribution of the filler inside ENR 25 has been characterized with scanning electron microscopy, which unveiled segregated FCNTs. The obtained experimental gas permeability values were correlated with the well‐known Bharadwaj model. The fabricated functional composites could find applications in automobiles, packaging, and other demanding engineering sectors.
Fabrication and characterization of interpenetrating network hydrogels based on sequential amine‐anhydride reaction and photopolymerization in water
Authors: Liu Zijun , Wei Hongliang , Liu Yuhua , Li Weikun , Li Songmao , Wang Gang , Guo Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels were successfully prepared for the first time through integrating two cross‐linking reactions in water in one pot, including amine‐anhydride reaction and subsequent photopolymerization. First, the polymer containing anhydride groups was prepared via free radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride and acrylamide. Second, the as‐prepared polymer was dissolved in water with polyacrylamine hydrochloride,N‐isopropylacrylamide, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid, and photoinitiator to obtain a homogeneous transparent solution. Third, the mixed solution was put in water bath of 50°C for 1 h to obtain the first network via the amine‐anhydride click reaction. Afterward, the second network was formed by photopolymerization. Finally, the swelling and drug release behavior of the hydrogels were studied with isoniazid as a model drug. The results show the IPN hydrogel possesses pH and temperature sensitivity and their controlled‐release behavior can be tuned via adjusting pH and temperature. In view of the advantages of amine‐anhydride reaction and photopolymerization, the strategy described here is of significance for the preparation of IPN hydrogel.
Ultrathin GaAs solar cells with a high surface roughness GaP layer for light‐trapping application
Authors: van der Woude Daan , van der Krabben Luc , Bauhuis Gerard , van Eerden Maarten , Kim Jae Jin , Mulder Peter , Smits Joost , Vlieg Elias , Schermer John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy reducing the thickness of the absorber layers, ultrathin GaAs solar cells can be fabricated in a more cost‐effective manner using less source material and shorter deposition times. In this work, ultrathin GaAs solar cells are presented with a diffuse scattering layer based on wide bandgap GaP grown directly on the device layers of the cells with MOCVD. The roughness and surface morphology are quantified using atomic force microscopy and the resulting diffuse scattering capability is assessed using wavelength‐dependent reflectance measurements. Ohmic rear contacts are made using contact points etched through the GaP layer, for which an etching procedure using I2:KI was developed and optimized. The performance of the GaP textured ultrathin GaAs cells are compared with equivalent planar cells using current density‐voltage measurements and external quantum efficiency measurements, where the GaP textured cells demonstrate an increase of 6.7% in the short‐circuit current density (JSC), which was found to be as high as 21.9 mA·cm−2 as a result of increased photon absorption by light‐trapping.
Structure‐conditioned amino‐acid couplings: How contact geometry affects pairwise sequence preferences
Authors: Holland Jack , Grigoryan Gevorg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRelating a protein's sequence to its conformation is a central challenge for both structure prediction and sequence design. Statistical contact potentials, as well as their more descriptive versions that account for side‐chain orientation and other geometric descriptors, have served as simplistic but useful means of representing second‐order contributions in sequence–structure relationships. Here we ask what happens when a pairwise potential is conditioned on the fully defined geometry of interacting backbones fragments. We show that the resulting structure‐conditioned coupling energies more accurately reflect pair preferences as a function of structural contexts. These structure‐conditioned energies more reliably encode native sequence information and more highly correlate with experimentally determined coupling energies. Clustering a database of interaction motifs by structure results in ensembles of similar energies and clustering them by energy results in ensembles of similar structures. By comparing many pairs of interaction motifs and showing that structural similarity and energetic similarity go hand‐in‐hand, we provide a tangible link between modular sequence and structure elements. This link is applicable to structural modeling, and we show that scoring CASP models with structured‐conditioned energies results in substantially higher correlation with structural quality than scoring the same models with a contact potential. We conclude that structure‐conditioned coupling energies are a good way to model the impact of interaction geometry on second‐order sequence preferences.
A Bursaphelenchus xylophilus pathogenic protein Bx‐FAR‐1, as potential control target, mediates the jasmonic acid pathway in pines
Authors: Wen Tong‐Yue , Wu Xiao‐Qin , Ye Jian‐Ren , Qiu Yi‐Jun , Rui Lin , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a devastating forest disease and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Secreted enzymes and proteins are important pathogenicity determinants and Bx‐FAR‐1 is an important pathogenic protein involved in the interaction between pine and B. xylophilus. However, the function of the Bx‐FAR‐1 protein in monitoring and prevention PWD remains unknown.RESULTSWe found a small peptide of B. xylophilus effector Bx‐FAR‐1 is sufficient for immunosuppression function in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transient expression of Bx‐FAR‐1 in N. benthamiana revealed that nuclear localization is required for its function. The results of the ligand binding test showed that Bx‐FAR‐1 protein had the ability to bind fatty acid and retinol. We demonstrated that Bx‐FAR‐1 targeted to the nuclei of Pinus thunbergii using the polyclonal antibody by immunologic approach. The content of jasmonic acid (JA) was significantly increased in P. thunbergii infected with B. xylophilus when Bx‐FAR‐1 was silenced. We identified an F‐box protein as the host target of Bx‐FAR‐1 by yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation. Moreover, we found that Pt‐F‐box‐1 was up‐regulated during B. xylophilus infection and the expression of Pt‐F‐box‐1 was increased in Bx‐FAR‐1 double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐treated host pines.CONCLUSIONThis study illustrated that Bx‐FAR‐1 might mediate the JA pathway to destroy the immune system of P. thunbergii, indicating that PWN likely secretes effectors to facilitate parasitism and promote infection, which could better reveal the pathogenesis mechanisms of B. xylophilus and would be beneficial for developing disease control strategies.
18F‐FDG uptake in accessory respiratory muscles shows the respiratory effort of patients with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Okabayashi Hiroko , Machida Hiroko , Masunaga Aiko , Ichiyasu Hidenori , Sakagami Takuro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) have severe breathlessness even with mild hypoxaemia. In patients with PPFE, accessory respiratory muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles, are used to maintain ventilation. An intense 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in accessory respiratory muscles using positron emission tomography/computed tomography reflects the strong respiratory effort of patients with PPFE.
Robustness guarantees for structured model reduction of dynamical systems with applications to biomolecular models
Authors: Pandey Ayush , Murray Richard M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractModel reduction methods usually focus on the error performance analysis; however, in presence of uncertainties, it is important to analyze the robustness properties of the error in model reduction as well. This problem is particularly relevant for engineered biological systems that need to function in a largely unknown and uncertain environment. We give robustness guarantees for structured model reduction of linear and nonlinear dynamical systems under parametric uncertainties. We consider a model reduction problem where the states in the reduced model are a strict subset of the states of the full model, and the dynamics for all of the other states are collapsed to zero (similar to quasi‐steady‐state approximation). We show two approaches to compute a robustness guarantee metric for any such model reduction—a direct linear analysis method for linear dynamics and a sensitivity analysis based approach that also works for nonlinear dynamics. Using the robustness guarantees with an error metric and an input‐output mapping metric, we propose an automated model reduction method to determine the best possible reduced model for a given detailed system model. We apply our method for the (1) design space exploration of a gene expression system that leads to a new mathematical model that accounts for the limited resources in the system and (2) model reduction of a population control circuit in bacterial cells.
Detecting gold mining impacts on insect biodiversity in a tropical mining frontier with SmallSat imagery
Authors: Stoll Eric , Roopsind Anand , Maharaj Gyanpriya , Velazco Sandra , Caughlin T. Trevor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGold mining is a major driver of Amazonian forest loss and degradation. As mining activity encroaches on primary forest in remote and inaccessible areas, satellite imagery provides crucial data for monitoring mining‐related deforestation. High‐resolution imagery, in particular, has shown promise for detecting artisanal gold mining at the forest frontier. An important next step will be to establish relationships between satellite‐derived land cover change and biodiversity impacts of gold mining. In this study, we set out to detect artisanal gold mining using high‐resolution imagery and relate mining land cover to insects, a taxonomic group that accounts for the majority of faunal biodiversity in tropical forests. We applied an object‐based image analysis (OBIA) to classify mined areas in an Indigenous territory in Guyana, using PlanetScope imagery with ~3.7 m resolution. We complemented our OBIA with field surveys of insect family presence or absence in field plots (n = 105) that captured a wide range of mining disturbances. Our OBIA was able to identify mined objects with high accuracy (>90% balanced accuracy). Field plots with a higher proportion of OBIA‐derived mine cover had significantly lower insect family richness. The effects of mine cover on individual insect taxa were highly variable. Insect groups that respond strongly to mining disturbance could potentially serve as bioindicators for monitoring ecosystem health during and after gold mining. With the advent of global partnerships that provide universal access to PlanetScope imagery for tropical forest monitoring, our approach represents a low‐cost and rapid way to assess the biodiversity impacts of gold mining in remote landscapes.
Polydopamine‐Induced Multilevel Engineering of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fiber for Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Chen Wei , Miao Hao , Meng Guoqing , Huang Kailun , Kong Lingqing , Lin Zaifu , Wang Xudong , Li Xiaobao , Li Jinghan , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Lin Naibo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolid photothermal materials with favorable biocompatibility and modifiable mechanical properties demonstrate obvious superiority and growing demand. In this work, polydopamine (PDA) induced functionalization of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fibers has satisfactory photothermal conversion ability and flexibility. Based on multilevel engineering, RSF solution containing PDA nanoparticles is wet spun to PDA‐incorporating RSF (PDA@RSF) fibers, and then the fibers are coated with PDA via oxidative self‐polymerization of dopamine to form PDA@RSF‐PDA (PRP) fibers. During the wet spinning process, PDA is to adjust the mechanical properties of RSF by affecting its hierarchical structure. Meanwhile, coated PDA gives the PRP fibers extensive absorption of near‐infrared light and sunlight, which is further fabricated into PRP fibrous membranes. The temperature of PRP fibrous membranes can be adjusted and increases to about 50 °C within 360 s under 808 nm laser irradiation with a power density of 0.6 W cm−2, and PRP fibrous membranes exhibit effective photothermal cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Under the simulated sunlight, the temperature of PRP fiber increases to more than 200 °C from room temperature and the material can generate 4.5 V voltage when assembled with a differential thermal battery, which means that the material also has the potential for flexible wearable electronic devices.
Caecal microbiota in horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking
Authors: Aleman Monica , Sheldon Shara. A. , Jospin Guillaume , Coil David , Stratton‐Phelps Meri , Eisen Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal‐mediated headshaking (TMHS) in horses is a form of neuropathic pain of undetermined cause that often results in euthanasia. The role of microbiota in TMHS has not been investigated in diseased horses.ObjectiveTo investigate if gastrointestinal microbiota in the cecum is different in horses with TMHS compared to a control population, during a summer season with clinical manifestations of disease.AnimalsTen castrated horses: five with TMHS and five neurologically normal controls.MethodsAll horses were sourced from our institution and kept under the same husbandry and dietary conditions. All horses were fed orchard grass hay for 30 days and then were euthanized due to chronic untreatable conditions including TMHS and orthopedic disease (control group). Caecal samples for microbiota analysis were collected within 20 min after euthanasia. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform and the microbiome was analyzed.ResultsThe caecal microbiota of horses with TMHS was similar to control horses in terms of diversity but differed significantly with Methanocorpusculum spp. having higher abundance in horses with TMHS. Conclusions and clinical importanceMethanocorpusculum spp. was more abundant in the cecum of horses with TMHS. However, its role in disease is unknown. Furthermore, it could also represent an incidental finding due to our small population size.
Toceranib phosphate in the management of canine insulinoma: A retrospective multicentre study of 30 cases (2009–2019)
Authors: Sheppard‐Olivares Sabina , Bello Nora M. , Johannes Chad M. , Hocker Samuel E. , Biller Barbara , Husbands Brian , Snyder Elizabeth , McMillan Mattison , McKee Talon , Wouda Raelene M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsulinomas are the most common tumour of the endocrine pancreas in dogs. These malignant tumours have a high metastatic rate and limited chemotherapeutic options. The multi‐receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate has benefit in the treatment of metastatic insulinoma in people. Toceranib phosphate, an analogous veterinary agent, may provide benefit for dogs.MethodsA retrospective study describing the extent and duration of clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) in dogs diagnosed with insulinoma and receiving toceranib.ResultsRecords for 30 dogs diagnosed with insulinoma and having received toceranib were identified from a medical record search of five university and eight referral hospitals. The median progression‐free interval and overall survival time were 561 days (95% confidence interval (CI): [246, 727 days]) and 656 days (95% CI: [310, 1045 days]), respectively. Of the dogs for which the canine Response evaluation criteria for solid tumours tool could be applied, the majority (66.7%) showed either a complete response, partial response or stable disease. Time to clinical progression was associated with prior intervention and type of veterinary practice. Larger dogs were at increased risk for disease progression and death. No novel AEs were reported.ConclusionsMost dogs diagnosed with insulinoma and receiving toceranib appeared to have a clinical benefit. Randomised, prospective studies are needed to better elucidate and objectively quantify the potential effect and survival benefit of toceranib therapy for management of insulinoma in dogs.
Interrogating leadership education: Why? For what? For whom?
Authors: Guthrie Kathy L. , Navarro Christine D. , Weng John , Priest Kerry L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is an exploration into the purpose of leadership education and leadership learning in higher education. It will simultaneously explore who leadership education is for and investigate privilege, identities, class, and the intersecting impact on access to these programs and content.
Leadership educators: Acknowledging our whole selves in the work
Authors: Chung Jessica , Pierre Darren E. , Navarro Christie D. , Steele Michelle Cummings , Weng John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article dives into the complexity of managing our “self” and our “roles,” and how we can acknowledge the vast multitudes contained in each of our identities in our work as leadership educators. We wanted to incorporate a more conversational format to this article by highlighting the different ways ideas can be expressed and the gifts of the co‐inquiry discussion model for gleaning deeper insights into a topic.
A call for transdisciplinary approaches to address complex challenges
Authors: Gleason Michael C. , Steele Michelle Cummings , Chung Jessica , Guthrie Kathy L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeadership education as a field of study has largely been considered multi‐ or interdisciplinary, yet many leadership educators find their programs siloed within the constructs of higher education institutions inadequate in addressing complex issues of today's world. The authors challenge organizations to embrace a truly transdisciplinary approach to equipping students with the capacity and skills to address issues of the world today.