bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of essential oils on methane emissions, milk yield and feed efficiency and resulting influence on the carbon footprint of dairy production systems
Authors: Becker Franziska , Spengler Katrin , Reinicke Frank , Diepen Clara Heider-van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reducing CO2 emissions is one of the highest priorities in animal production. Regarding methane reduction, feed additives are of growing importance. As shown in a meta-analysis, the use of the essential oil (EO) blend Agolin Ruminant affects methane production per day (-8.8%), milk yield (+4.1%) and feed efficiency (+4.4%). Building on these results, the present study investigated the effect of varying individual parameters on the carbon footprint of milk. The environmental and operational management system REPRO was applied to calculate the CO2 emissions. It enables a scenario suitability on the smallest investigation level (feeding group) and an indicator-based assessment of climate-relevant environmental impacts. Within the farm, CO2 emissions include potential emissions of enteric and storage-related CH4, storage- and pasture-related N2O as well as direct and indirect energy expenditures for the housing system. Three feed rations were created, differing in their basic feed components such as grass silage, corn silage and pasture. Due to the reducing effect of EO on enteric methane production alone, a reduction potential of up to 6% could be calculated for all rations. Considering other variable parameters, such as the positive effects on ECM yield and feed efficiency, a GHG reduction potential of up to 10%. Modeling showed that indirect methane reduction strategies are important contributors to environmental impacts. To provide a context for interpretation, it can be assumed that reduction of enteric methane emissions is fundamental, as they account for the largest share of GHG emissions from dairy production.
Frailty Driven Therapy Decisions in the Age of the Patient Driven Payment Model: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Homan Robin , Buslovich Steven , Sayers Margaret , Tuan Wen-Jan , Griffiths Jessica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In the absence of guidance from clinicians identifying patients who have the greatest potential to improve function as a benefit of skilled therapy, and writing orders to assure adequate therapy minutes, rehabilitation for the most vulnerable might not have been possible without objective assessment tools. The Frailty Index (FI) is one objective metric for identifying rehabilitation potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of routinely collected data and predictive analytics of FI related to function to estimate rehabilitative potential.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients admitted into a large urban skilled nursing facility (SNF) in Western New York for post-acute rehabilitation over a nine-month period (N = 341). Using data collected in the Minimum Data Set (MDS), the change in the GG function scores from admission to discharge (GG AvD/C) was computed for each patient. The study utilized a multiple regression modeling approach to evaluate the variation of the GG AvD/C score across the different categories of frailty.
Results
The results of this analysis suggest that by observing a patient's FI near time of admission, the clinician can make a recommendation, based on an objective metric, when ordering patient treatment frequencies and time, based on the patient’s potential for functional gains.
Conclusions
Using a FI to categorize patients into Frailty Risk Groups provides an opportunity to predict the amount of functional improvement from start of care to discharge as measured using MDS GG functional scores.
In silico ADMET, molecular docking and molecular simulation-based study of glabridin’s natural and semisynthetic derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors
Authors: kumari Arti , Kumar Rakesh , Sulabh Gira , Singh Pratishtha , Kumar Jainendra , Singh Vijay Kumar , Ojha Krishna Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hyper-pigmentation conditions may develop due to erroneous melanogenesis cascade which leads to excess melanin production. Recently, inhibition of tyrosinase is the main focus of investigation as it majorly contributes to melanin production. This inhibition property can be exploited in medicine, agriculture, and in cosmetics. Present study aims to find a natural and safe alternative molecule as tyrosinase inhibitor.
Methods
In this study, human tyrosinase enzyme was modelled due to unavailability of its crystal structure to look into the degree of efficacy of glabridin and its 15 derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitor. Docking was performed by Autodock Vina at the catalytic core enzyme. Glabridin effects on melanoma cell lines was also elucidated by analysing cytotoxicity and effect on melanin production. Computational ADME analysis was done by SwissADME. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed to further evaluate the interaction profile of these molecules and kojic acid (positive inhibitor) with respect to apo protein.
Results
Notably, four derivatives 5’-formylglabridin, glabridin dimer, 5’-prenyl glabridin and R-glabridin exhibited better binding affinity than glabridin. Glabridin effectively inhibited melanin production in a dose dependent manner. Among these, 5’-formylglabridin displayed highest binding affinity with docking score – 9.2 kcal/mol. Molecular properties and bioactivity analysis by Molinspiration web server and by SwissADME also presented these molecules as potential drug candidates.
Conclusion
The study explores the understanding for the development of suitable tyrosinase inhibitor/s for the prevention of hyperpigmentation. However, a detailed in vivo study is required for glabridin derivatives to suggest these molecules as anti-melanogenic compound.
E-Cigarette Use and Intentions Related to Psychological Distress During the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cabral Patricia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study examines associations between psychological distress, intentions to use e-cigarettes, and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis consumption through e-cigarette use among a diverse sample of U.S. young adults
Procedures
: Young adults (N = 405; 72.5% female) were recruited to complete an online survey during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
Associations between psychological distress and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, cannabis vaping, and intentions to use e-cigarettes were found. Current e-cigarette use (OR = 1.23) and cannabis vaping (OR = 2.03) was higher among female, possibly due to the significantly higher psychological distress reported among females. Intentions to use e-cigarettes moderated the relationship between psychological distress and all smoking and vaping behaviors.
Conclusions
Public health efforts should increase focus on improving psychological services for young adults to improve coping strategies that are alternative to smoking and vaping behaviors.
Development of Quality Indicators in the Management of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Atuwo-Ampoh Vivian Della , Ofori Eric Kwasi , Engil-Hills Penelope , Gyapong Margaret , Boadu Mary , Donkor Andrew , Davies Elizabeth , Tetteh Klenam , Addo Patience , Yarney Joel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Current evidence suggests a gap between what is understood to be standard breast cancer management and what happens in clinical practice. The development and implementation of breast quality indicators (QIs) for breast cancer management is one way to achieve better care. This systematic review aimed to identify QIs developed for the management of breast cancer and to summarize characteristics and range of measures uncovered.
Methods
Studies related to the development of QIs for management and monitoring of breast cancer care were systematically searched, extracted and reviewed using four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) following a Prospero Protocol Registration (CRD42020207945). The study was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). This review reported on the development of QIs in the management of breast cancer and Donabedian’s framework was adopted as the analytical framework.
Results
Out of 1161 potentially relevant articles identified, eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were directly concerned with QI development for breast cancer care. These included two papers from China and one each from; The Netherlands, Belgium, Scotland and Canada. The remaining two were a collaboration among the European Society of Breast cancer Specialists (EUSOMA). The methods used by these studies to identify and develop QIs included a comprehensive literature review, medical records review, clinical guidelines, and Delphi consensus using an expert panel discussion. A total of 38 QIs were identified and classified as: structure (n = 3); process (n = 30); and outcome (n = 5). Structure indicators included: the availability of Multi-Disciplinary Team Meeting (MDT), medical records and breast cancer research infrastructure. Process indicators included eight diagnostic QIs, 22 treatment QIs and seven follow-up QIs. The outcome indicator focused mainly on the overall five-year survival statistics.
Conclusions
The development of QIs appears relevant to monitor clinical management and performance but is currently limited to higher income countries. Development and implementation of QIs in LMICs countries will improve practice.
Screening Wild Brassica Species Against Alternaria Brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltsh for Breeding Alternaria Leaf Spot Resistance in Brassica Vegetables
Authors: Singh Shrawan , Sagar Sushma , Rao Mahesh , Saroha Sandhya , Garg Pooja , Prasad Lakshman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Alternaria leaf spot (ALS) is a major disease of Brassica crops, and it causes huge economic losses to both the cultivated oilseed-and vegetable- Brassicas . The present study was aimed to develop a non-destructive robust method for screening of wild Brassica species and to find resistant wild species against Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltsh available in the germplasm. For this, 38 wild Brassica species were screened at adult plant stage by an in vitro detached leaf inoculation method in three consecutive years i.e. 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22. The new screening protocol provides favourable environment (temperature 25±2 °C; relative humidity >90%) for the pathogen and retained the host leaves in condition (by placing sucrose 5% w/v in petiolar base) for disease development. The consistency in reactions of the species against A. brassicicola during all three years of testing indicates the robustness of the protocol. Further, the multiple parameters were recorded on leaf condition and disease response of the wild species. Complete resistance was observed in Capsella while resistance in Lepidium , Camelina and Biscutella . Both Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medik (early) and C. bursa pastoris (late) were symptomless resistant. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC and Diplotaxis gomez-campoi Mart.-Laborde were found to be resistant against A. brassicicola . The significant correlation between disease parameters indicates the robustness and effectiveness of the screening protocol for wild Brassica species.
Biogenesis and Characterization of Proficient Silver Nanoparticles Employing Marine Procured Fungi Hamigera Pallida and Assessment of their Antioxidative, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Potency on Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cell Line
Authors: Mistry Harsh , Thakor Rashmi , Bariya Himanshu S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the anticancer potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using marine derived fungi Hamigera pallida with their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Results
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was assessed by the change in color from bright yellow to dark brown. UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed its stability at 429 nm; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the functional group responsible for its production; X-Ray Diffraction revealed its crystalline FCC structure resembling the peaks in the XRD pattern, corresponding to (110), (111), (200), and (311) planes; TEM imaging revealed its spherical morphology with an average particle size of 5.85 ± 0.84 nm ranging from 3.69 to 16.11 nm and Tauc's plot analysis revealed a band gap energy of 2.22 eV, revealing aptitude of AgNPs as a semiconductors. The subsequent characterization results revealed the effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs were found to have significant antimicrobial effect against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. They also demonstrated higher antioxidative potential by demonstrating strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). AgNPs showed highest anticancer activity (62.69 ± 1.73%) against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line at 100 µg/mL with the IC50 value of 66.07 ± 2.17 µg/mL.
Conclusions
This study revealed the prospect for further utilization of AgNPs by Cell free filtrate (CFF) of Hamigera pallida as an antibacterial, antioxidative and anticancer agents.
Catalpol prevents glomerular angiogenesis induced by advanced glycation end products via inhibiting Galectin-3
Authors: Sun Weixiang , Gao Yuyan , Cao Ying , Lu Jinfu , Lv Gaohong , Xu Huiqin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The main characteristics of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) at the early stage is abnormal angiogenesis of glomerular endothelial cells and macrophage infiltration. Galectin-3 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DN via binding with its ligand, Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs). Catalpol (Cat.), an iridoid glucoside extracted fromRehmannia glutinosa, has been found to ameliorate vascular inflammation, reduce endothelial permeability and protect endothelial damage upon diabetic milieu. However, little is known about whether Cat. could exert anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation effect induced by AGEs. Methods:The anti-angiogenic mechanisms of Cat. were examined by incubating mouse glomerular endothelial cells (mGECs) and RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by AGEs. The expression of Galectin-3 and correlated molecules were also detected in diabetic rats treated with Cat.Key findings: We observed that Galectin-3/Hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)was activated by AGEs in mGECs and RAW 264.7 macrophages, catalpol significantly inhibited the proliferation of the mGECs and RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro.Meanwhile, it also ameliorateddiabetes-induced renal damage via inhibiting Galectin-3/VEGF/HIF-1α pathways in vivo.Conclusions: Altogether, our findings demonstrated that Cat. prevent the angiogenesis of mGECs and macrophages proliferation via inhibiting Galectin-3. We suggest that Cat.contributes to block the pathogenic development of diabetes-induced renal damage.
Efficacy and Safety of Delivery Timolol Maleate via Nanometer Microneedles among Superficial Infantile Hemangioma: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Yuan Lulu , Wang Xukai , Wang Weiren , Zhang Xujie , Wang Jia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Infantile hemangioma is common and affects multidemensionally. Drug therapy is a commonly used method in clinical practice, but its effect needs to be improved. The main challenge derives from the drug penetration and safety. The emergence of nanometer microneedle technology seems to solve these problems. The proposed study aims to review the efficacy and safety of the nano-microneedle by comparing with other drug therapy methods.Methods: A retrospective study reviewed patients with infantile hemangioma who were admitted to a tertiary stomatological hospital from January 2014 to October 2021. The cases were divided into three groups according to the different drugs and the different methods of drug administration, namely timolol maleate solution introduced by nanometer microneedle technology (NM), timolol maleate drops dipped with a medical swab (MS), and propranolol orally (PO). The effective rate, the cure rate, the rate of adverse reactions, and the time for treatment to be effective were recorded and compared.Results：A total of 307 cases were reviewed in the study (NM=97, MS=107, PO=103). The total effective rate, total cure rate, total rate of adverse reactions were 87.6%, 65.2%, 9.4%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the effective rate, the cure rate, the rate of adverse reactions, the time for treatment to be effective between the three groups. The results of the pairwise comparison showed that the effective rate of NM was higher than that of MS (P＜0.05), the cure rate of NM was higher than that of MS (P＜0.05), the rate of adverse reactions of OP was higher than that of MS (P＜0.05), the time for treatment to be effective of NM was shorter than that of MS and OP (P＜0.05).Conclusions: Our study revealed that delivery timolol maleate via nanometer microneedle is an efficacy and safety in infantile with superficial hemangioma. It has the highest effective rate and cure rate, lower incidence of adverse reactions, and shortest time for treatment to be effective.
UAV Target Identification Based on Information fusion of Computer Vision and Radar Signals
Authors: Wei Yuan , Hong Tao , Fang Chaoqun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the increasing pressure of air traffic management and airspace security, it is a challenge to achieve effective UAV target detection. Computer vision and radar signal detection are two commonly used technologies in this field. Computer vision is limited by meteorological conditions and the radar signal is affected by ground clutter at low altitudes. In response to these problems, this paper describes the information fusion method from two different levels of data-level fusion and decision-level fusion. In this method, Computer vision and radar signals complement each other to improve the detection accuracy. For each level, the method of information fusion is introduced in detail. Besides, the effectiveness of the method is proved by comprehensive experiment. The results show that the accuracy of the fusion method is improved, with a maximum of 9.0%.
Bacterial and Fungal Isolation from Face Masks: Newly Emerged Hygiene Issues Under COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Park Ah-Mee , Khadka Sundar , Sato Fumitaka , Omura Seiichi , Fujita Mitsugu , Hashiwaki Kazuki , Tsunoda Ikuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led people to wear face masks daily in public. Although the effectiveness of the face masks against viral transmission has been extensively studied, there is no report on potential hygiene issues due to bacteria and fungi attached to the face masks. We aimed to demonstrate 1, information of the usage duration and types of masks; 2, the number of bacteria and fungi attaching to masks; and 3, identification of the bacteria and fungi attaching to masks. We conducted a survey of 109 volunteers on their mask usage and lifestyles, and cultured bacteria and fungi on their masks. The colony numbers of bacteria were greater in the face-side than outer-side and those of fungal were fewer in the face-side than in the outer-side. A longer mask usage significantly increased the fungal colony counts, but not the bacterial colony counts. Although most identified microbes were non-pathogenic; S. epidermidis, S. aureus and Cladosporium, there were several pathogenic microbes; B. cereus, S. saprophyticus, Aspergillus, and Microsporum. We also investigated the associations between mask-attached microbes and individual lifestyles such as transportation and gargling. These findings suggest that people, especially compromised hosts, should avoid repeated use of masks to prevent microbial infection.
The paradigm based on the fractal model of granular distribution for the study of the mechanical strength of concrete.
Authors: Abdeldjalil Mhammed , Chouicha Kaddour 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Studies revealed that all the grain size-grading curves specified by concretes mix designs were all typified by an almost perfect quasi-fractal distribution of the aggregate particle size. This enabled to identify the basic granular mixture (no cement, fine or mineral addition) and determine the porosity, based on the granular fractal-identification modulus\("\text{F}\text{D}.\text{l}\text{o}\text{g}(\text{d}/\text{D})"\), comprising the fractal dimension \(\left(\text{F}\text{D}\right)\) of the aggregate involved and the granular range (\(\text{d}/\text{D}\)). The aim of this research work was to shed new light on the prediction of concrete mechanical compressive strength - as a major topic addressed by many researchers who investigated concretes - and introduce a new approach to expand the use of the \("\text{F}\text{D}.\text{l}\text{o}\text{g}(\text{d}/\text{D})"\) modulus, which explicitly addressed the aggregate granularity and implicitly determined the related compactness. The approach adopted a two-phase concrete model, where the first phase being the aggregate and the second phase referring to the paste (cement, water, mineral addition and possibly fines). The implemented granular fractal-identification modulus (GFIM) included new parameters of concretes mix designs as dosage and nature of the concrete components, comprising identical aggregates and hence similar (GFIM) and compactness values. Applying a reading array to experimental compiled results of more than 300 concretes selected from literature provided a clear correlation between the development of concrete compressive strength \({\text{R}}_{\text{C}28}\)and a combination of the classical parameters used. The approach thus established a new and more instructive as well as pedagogical paradigm for adequately assessing and controlling concretes performance on fractal basis.
Potential of two omnivorous iolinid mites as predators of the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici
Authors: Vervaet Lore , Parapurath Gokul , De Vis Raf , Leeuwen Thomas Van , De Clercq Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two iolinid predatory mites were studied in the laboratory as potential biological control agents of the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae). The development, reproduction and predation capacity of Pronematus ubiquitus and Homeopronematus anconai (Acari: Iolinidae) on A. lycopersici were investigated. Developmental time from egg to adult at 25°C averaged 9.59, 9.31 and 9.52 days for P. ubiquitus on A. lycopersici, A. lycopersici and Typha angustifolia pollen, and pollen only, respectively. H. anconai required 11.18, 10.39 and 11.90 days to complete development on the respective diets. Survival of the immature stages exceeded 83% on all diets for both iolinids. In experimental arenas, both predators caused a substantial reduction of the immature population development of A. lycopersici. The number of tomato russet mite offspring was reduced by 78% and 57% by P. ubiquitus and H. anconai, respectively. The addition of pollen to the arena lowered this population reduction to 35% and 27% for the respective predators. However, supplementing a diet of tomato russet mites with pollen significantly increased the fecundity of both predatory mites from 14–15 to 24–25 eggs over a five-day period. The results suggest that both P. ubiquitus and H. anconai have good potential to suppress A. lycopersici populations and that T. angustifolia pollen can support population establishment of the predators.