bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Engaging Youth in Regional Australia (EYRA) Study
Authors: Boyd Candice P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, Boyd summarises the Engaging Youth in Regional Australia (EYRA) Study whose findings formed the basis of the touring art exhibition called ‘Finding Home’. Rooted in placed-based understandings of youth belonging and well-being, the study sought to challenge some of the long-standing assumptions about young people’s internal migration decisions in regional Australia. Specifically, the study’s findings support an enhanced understanding of regional youth engagement that takes into account the affective and material dimensions of young people’s relationships with regional places.
Barriers to attracting the best researchers: perceptions of academics in economics and physics in three European countries
Authors: Reymert Ingvild , Vabø Agnete , Borlaug Siri B. , Jungblut Jens 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recruitment is one of the main strategic tools for universities, which aim to hire the best possible candidates for their academic positions. However, not every institution can hire whom they perceive as the best. Our paper investigates what are perceived to be the most pressing hindrances to attracting the best researchers. We focus on national and disciplinary differences in researchers’ perceptions of barriers to recruiting the best scholars in their fields. We surveyed researchers in economics and physics in the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK and find that economists emphasize salary level and institutional prestige as the main barriers, while physicists underline competition from non-academic actors and career development opportunities. We further find differences by country. In Norway, limited institutional prestige is a key barrier to attracting the best researchers, while researchers in the UK highlight salary levels. Respondents at Dutch universities claim that they experience multiple, equally important barriers.
Thermoanalytical techniques for characterizing sintering processes in ferrous powder metallurgy
Authors: de Oro Calderon Raquel , Gierl-Mayer Christian , Danninger Herbert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor powder metallurgy processing, the sintering stage, i.e. the heat treatment of a the powder compact below the melting point of -at least- the major component, is decisive for establishing microstructure and properties. Thorough studying of the chemical and metallurgical processes occurring during sintering is essential for attaining optimal product properties, and sintering has therefore been the focus of investigations for many decades. Thermoanalytical techniques, at best combined with chemical analysis, enable in-situ characterization of the sintering process from many perspectives. When using these techniques in powder metallurgy, it should be considered that the very large specific surface of a powder compact, compared to a solid metallic body, results in much higher reactivity with the surrounding atmosphere. This atmosphere is on the one hand the “external” one, outside the body in the free space of the furnace, and on the other hand the “internal” one within the pore network of the specimen. This paper shows different examples of how critical information about the sintering process can be described by using thermoanalytical techniques combined with mass spectroscopy: e.g. phase transformations and liquid phase formation in the powdered compact, deoxidation and decarburization reactions, and interstitial redistribution in sintered alloy steels prepared through different alloying techniques.
Environmental policy integration in a newly established natural resource-based sector: the role of advocacy coalitions and contrasting conceptions of sustainability
Authors: Kefeli Daniel , Siegel Karen M. , Pittaluga Lucía , Dietz Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContributing a new South American case study, this paper seeks to advance the research agenda on processes of policy integration by developing a better understanding of how nascent subsystems become integrated into mature ones and the role that changing beliefs of advocacy coalitions play in fostering policy integration. The paper examines environmental policy integration in Uruguay’s forestry sector since the 1990s and is based on an inductive qualitative analysis of policy documents, sector reports, parliament hearings and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. This demonstrates that environmental policy integration has increased continuously since the 1990s, accelerating particularly during the 2000s. We can derive three insights that specifically address this path of integration: a change in the policy beliefs of the dominant advocacy coalition, international salience of the minority coalition`s beliefs and participatory policy processes that foster interactions between opposing coalitions. Despite this, the two advocacy coalitions have crystallized with fundamentally different deep core beliefs about what a sustainable forestry sector should be. While one coalition argues that commercial tree plantations are sufficiently regulated in environmental terms, the other coalition maintains that the way that the pulp industry has developed in Uruguay is fundamentally unsustainable and therefore seeks to change the forestry sector as a whole.
Subjective perception of time and decision inconsistency in interval effect
Authors: Ventre Viviana , Martino Roberta , Maturo Fabrizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interval effect refers to the phenomenon in which the discount rate decreases as the interval considered increases. It represents one of the many anomalies of the decision-making process in the context of intertemporal choices. This paper suggests that the latter anomaly is due to the perceived time and emotional drives involved in the moment of choice and their interaction. The study is developed through a direct comparison between empirical preferences and those predicted by the normative model, respectively determined by proper time, i.e., empirical time and normative time, which are different from objective time. Although it was known in the literature that the perception of time has a substantial impact on preferences and the phenomenon of temporal inconsistency, our study presents a measure that quantifies the decision-making bias caused by the subjective perception of time and contributes to the normalisation of choices defined as irrational. By the term normalisation, we mean to clarify the extent to which the cognitive structures of the decision-maker respect the principles of economic rationality. From an operational point of view, the present work's originality lies in proving that the same description of subjective time is not constant in the context of the interval effect. The experimental implementation provides empirical evidence of the latter considerations. The contribution of this work refers mainly to the field of behavioural finance as it aims to describe anomalies as inevitable consequences of individual cognitive processes.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling of Cu, Cd, and Pb adsorption onto tropical soils
Authors: Agbaogun Babatunde Kazeem , Olu-Owolabi Bamidele Iromidayo , Buddenbaum Henning , Fischer Klaus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoils interact in many ways with metal ions thereby modifying their mobility, phase distribution, plant availability, speciation, and so on. The most prominent of such interactions is sorption. In this study, we investigated the sorption of Pb, Cd, and Cu in five natural soils of Nigerian origin. A relatively sparsely used method of modelling soil-metal ion adsorption, i.e. adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), was applied comparatively with multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The isotherms were well described by Freundlich and Langmuir equations (R2 ≥ 0.95) and the kinetics by nonlinear two-stage kinetic model, TSKM (R2 ≥ 0.81). Based on the values delivered by the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacities (Qm*) were found to be in the ranges 10,000–20,000, 12,500–50,000, and 4929–35,037 µmol kg−1 for Cd, Cu, and Pb, respectively. The study revealed significant correlations between Qm* and routinely determined soil parameters such as soil organic carbon (Corg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), amorphous Fe and Mn oxides, and percentage clay content. These soil parameters, combined with operational variables (i.e. solution/soil pH, initial metal concentration (Co), and temperature), were used as input vectors in ANFIS and MLR models to predict the adsorption capacities (Qe) of the soil-metal ion systems. A total of 255 different ANFIS and 255 different MLR architectures/models were developed and compared based on three performance metrics: MAE (mean absolute error), RMSE (root mean square errors), and R2 (coefficient of determination). The best ANFIS returned MAEtest 0.134, RMSEtest 0.164, and R2test 0.76, while the best MLR returned MAEtest 0.158, RMSEtest 0.199, and R2test 0.66, indicating the predictive advantage of ANFIS over MLR. Thus, ANFIS can fairly accurately predict the adsorption capacity and/or distribution coefficient of a soil-metal ion system a priori. Nevertheless, more investigation is required to further confirm the robustness/generalisation of the proposed ANFIS.
Career perspectives for young cardiologists in the Netherlands: a steady increase in temporary positions
Authors: Vorselaars V. M. M. , Minneboo M. , Meijers W. C. , van der Heijden A. C. , Haroun D. , Baggen V. J. M. , Berger W. R. , van Hout G. P. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the Netherlands, concerns have been raised regarding the high unemployment rates and the lack of permanent positions for young medical specialists. In the current study, we present data on contemporary early career perspectives in the field of cardiology. We conducted a survey among 304 young cardiologists who completed their training between 2015 and 2020; the response rate was 91%. Our analysis revealed a low unemployment rate (0.3%). One, 3 and 5 years after registration, 81%, 41% and 18% of the respondents, respectively, had not gained a permanent position. Having conducted a fellowship significantly delayed the time to permanent position (hazard ratio (HR): 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34–0.67). For those who had conducted a fellowship, holding a PhD degree (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.10–3.44), age (per year increase, HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82–0.99) and training in an academic hospital (HR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.10–3.52) were of significant influence on the likelihood of having a permanent position at 3 years of follow-up. These results showed a disturbing increase in time to permanent position compared with an earlier analysis. This trend justifies close monitoring of the labour market in the coming years. Solutions for this multifactorial problem in the field of cardiology and across the entire medical specialty spectrum should be explored.
Pädagogisierungen der Kinderernährung zwischen Nahrungs- und Verhaltensnormierungen
Authors: Rose Lotte 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungErnährung ist nicht nur ein entscheidendes physiologisches Fundament jeglicher menschlichen Entwicklung, sondern eine soziale Praxis, die normativ hochverregelt und als Technologie der (Gesundheits‑)Prävention stark aufgeladen ist. Kinder müssen angesichts dessen lernen, die richtige gesundheitsförderliche Nahrung zu akzeptieren und zu sich zu nehmen. Sie müssen aber auch den sozialen Verhaltenserwartungen und -zwängen ‚rund ums Essen‘ genügen und die herrschenden Regeln der Erwachsenengesellschaft zu Tischmanieren, Körperdisziplin, Mäßigung, Zeittakten, Konversationsregeln automatisieren. Dabei geht es aber insofern immer auch um den Erwerb universeller gesellschaftlicher Verhaltensstandards, als die Regeln des Essens weit über das Essen selbst hinaus verweisen. Dies erklärt, warum die Normalisierungsanstrengungen zur Kinderernährung in der Vergangenheit bis heute Gegenstand pädagogischer Diskurse und Praxis sind. Der Beitrag bereitet hierzu den erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschungsstand zur Kinderernährung auf und zeichnet empirisch und theoretisch Brennpunkte der Pädagogisierungen der Kinderernährung nach. Dabei werden die Aspekte der Optimierung der Kinderkörper, der Kulturalisierung des Essensvollzugs, der nutritiven Generationenasymmetrie und schließlich der Maßnahmen der Essenserziehung fokussiert und in den kritischen Blick genommen. Zudem werden machtkritische Fragen zur Weiterentwicklung erziehungswissenschaftlicher Essensforschung aufgeworfen.
Habitat use by the endangered spotted-tailed quoll in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Henderson T. , Fancourt B. A. , Rajaratnam R. , Vernes K. , Ballard G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is an endangered mesopredator endemic to Australia. It is generally considered a forest-dependent species associated with large, intact forested habitats. In Australia’s mainland, quoll research has typically been conducted in contiguous forest, and consequently, the species’ presumed forest-dependency might reflect sampling bias rather than preferred habitat niche. Recent studies have revealed that quolls also persist in fragmented agricultural landscapes, raising questions about their true habitat requirements and preferences. In this study, we investigated quoll habitat use within a fragmented agricultural landscape in mainland Australia. We deployed 42 lured camera traps to determine quoll habitat preferences across four broad vegetation types (open grassland, grassy woodland, dry sclerophyll forest, and wet sclerophyll forest) based on quoll activity and occupancy. Quolls were detected in all vegetation types, and quoll activity indicated a preference for dry sclerophyll forest and grassy woodlands, although this preference varied depending on the time of year. Our results suggest that quoll habitat use in mainland Australia is more flexible than previously assumed, and we recommend further research on factors that may influence habitat preference such as prey availability and seasonal behavior. Understanding the factors that drive habitat use by quolls outside of contiguous forested landscapes will inform and improve conservation and management strategies to ensure critical habitat for the species is protected and retained in an increasingly fragmented landscape.
Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Decisions
Authors: Zhao Jingchen , Gómez Fariñas Beatriz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen addressing corporate sustainability challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) is a double-edged sword. AI can make significant progress on the most complicated environmental and social problems faced by humans. On the other hand, the efficiencies and innovations generated by AI may also bring new risks, such as automated bias and conflicts with human ethics. We argue that companies and governments should make collective efforts to address sustainability challenges and risks brought by AI. Accountable and sustainable AI can be achieved through a proactive regulatory framework supported by rigorous corporate policies and reports. Given the rapidly evolving nature of this technology, we propose a harmonised and risk-based regulatory approach that accommodates diverse AI solutions to achieve the common good. Ensuring an adequate level of technological neutrality and proportionality of the regulation is the key to mitigating the wide range of potential risks inherent to the use of AI. Instead of promoting sustainability, unregulated AI would be a threat since it would not be possible to effectively monitor its effects on the economy, society and environment. Such a suitable regulatory framework would not only create a consensus concerning the risks to avoid and how to do so but also include enforcement mechanisms to ensure a trustworthy and ethical use of AI in the boardroom. Once this objective is achieved, it will be possible to refer to this technological development as a common good in itself that constitutes an essential asset to human development.
Self-Modifying Nanointerface Driving Ultrahigh Bidirectional Thermal Conductivity Boron Nitride-Based Composite Flexible Films
Authors: Huang Taoqing , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Tian , Zhang Honggang , Li Yongwei , Bao Hua , Chen Min , Wu Limin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile boron nitride (BN) is widely recognized as the most promising thermally conductive filler for rapidly developing high-power electronic devices due to its excellent thermal conductivity and dielectric properties, a great challenge is the poor vertical thermal conductivity when embedded in composites owing to the poor interfacial interaction causing severe phonon scattering. Here, we report a novel surface modification strategy called the “self-modified nanointerface” using BN nanocrystals (BNNCs) to efficiently link the interface between BN and the polymer matrix. Combining with ice-press assembly method, an only 25 wt% BN-embedded composite film can not only possess an in-plane thermal conductivity of 20.3 W m−1 K−1 but also, more importantly, achieve a through-plane thermal conductivity as high as 21.3 W m−1 K−1, which is more than twice the reported maximum due to the ideal phonon spectrum matching between BNNCs and BN fillers, the strong interaction between the self-modified fillers and polymer matrix, as well as ladder-structured BN skeleton. The excellent thermal conductivity has been verified by theoretical calculations and the heat dissipation of a CPU. This study provides an innovative design principle to tailor composite interfaces and opens up a new path to develop high-performance composites.
Pore morphology effect on elastic and fluid flow properties in Bakken formation using rock physics modeling
Authors: Ozotta Ogochukwu , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Kolawole Oladoyin , Malki Mohamed Lamine , Rasouli Vamegh , Pu Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Unconventional geo-resources are critical due to their important contributions to energy production. In this energy transition and sustainability era, there is an increased focus on CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and geological CO2 storage (GCS) in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the extraction of hot fluid for energy through enhanced geothermal systems. However, these energy solutions can only be achieved through efficient stimulation to develop a complex fracture network and pore structure in the host rocks to extract heat and hydrocarbon, or for CO2 storage. Using Bakken formation well data and rock physics models, this study aimed to identify the post-depositional effect of pore structure on seismic velocity, elastic moduli, and formation fluid; and further predict the best lithofacies interval for well landing, and the implications for fluid (gas, oil, and water) recovery in naturally- and often systematically-fractured geosystems. The KT and DEM models' predictions show distinct formation intervals exhibiting needle-like pores and having higher seismic velocities (Vp and Vs) and elastic moduli (K and µ), relative to other formation intervals that exhibit moldic pores. At the same fluid concentration, the needle-like pores (small aspect ratios) have a higher impact on elastic moduli, Vp, and Vs than on the moldic spherical pores with all other parameters held constant. Vp is affected more than Vs by the properties of the saturating fluid (gas, oil, or water) with Vp being greater in Bakken formation when it is water-saturated than when it is gas-saturated. Vs exhibit the reverse behavior, with Vs greater in the gas-saturated case than in the water-saturated case. Further, analyses suggest that the middle Bakken formation will have a higher susceptibility to fracturing and faulting, and hence will achieve greater fluid (oil and water) recovery. Our findings in this study provide insights that are relevant for fluid production and geo-storage in unconventional reservoirs.

Article highlights

Integrated well log data and rock physics models.

Investigated the effect of changes in pore structure on elastic properties and fluid flow in shale.

Increase in porosity causes a reduction in elastic moduli and seismic velocities.

Vp is more affected by pore geometry than Vs depending on density and properties of saturating fluid.

Lithofacies with needle−like pores are more susceptible to fracturing than lithofacies with intragranular pores.
Examining the living metaphor in the Indian Constitution
Authors: Gangwar Shivangi , Pagedar Aishwarya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne popular understanding of the Indian Constitution is that it is a living document that evolves with time. Even though this metaphor has been used consistently by all three branches of the Indian state, its use in Indian legal texts is underexplored—as of most metaphors generally. In this article, we critically evaluate the application of the living metaphor in Indian constitutional discourse. We first provide an overview of the use of metaphors generally, and especially in the legal field. We then identify the origins and trace the use of the living metaphor by studying select Supreme Court judgments which have likened the Constitution to a living text and analyse the Court’s reasons, if any, for doing so. A comparative analysis of how the Canadian, US, and Australian courts have employed the living metaphor demonstrates how the Indian experience differs in its application of the metaphor. We find that the Supreme Court has used different variants of the living metaphor, primarily to expand the ambit of Part III of the Constitution. However, due to the inconsistent and unreliable use of this metaphor, we find that this has the potential to lead to illiberal results. We thus make a case for the formulation of a doctrine of living constitutionalism which we think will be more resilient to anti-democratic challenges.
Modeling cosmic reionization
Authors: Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Madau Piero 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transformation of cold neutral intergalactic hydrogen into a highly ionized warm plasma marks the end of the cosmic dark ages and the beginning of the age of galaxies. The details of this process reflect the nature of the early sources of radiation and heat, the statistical characteristics of the large-scale structure of the Universe, the thermodynamics and chemistry of cosmic baryons, and the histories of star formation and black hole accretion. A number of massive data sets from new ground- and space-based instruments and facilities over the next decade are poised to revolutionize our understanding of primeval galaxies, the reionization photon budget, the physics of the intergalactic medium (IGM), and the fine-grained properties of hydrogen gas in the “cosmic web”. In this review, we survey the physics and key aspects of reionization-era modeling and describe the diverse range of computational techniques and tools currently available in this field.
Wissen und Allwissenheit im Erzählen
Authors: Haferland Harald 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag problematisiert in sechs Abschnitten die Rolle von Wissen und Allwissenheit im Erzählen: In I. werden anhand von Beispielen aus modernen und mittelalterlichen Romanen/Erzählungen Wissensarten bestimmt, die gewöhnlich in Erzählungen eingehen. In II. wird nach dem Wissensträger gefragt: Es ist der Autor, zugleich aber auch ein Erzähler, dem Allwissenheit zugeschrieben wird. Die Phänomenologie dieses Wissens, das nicht auf natürliche Weise herzuleiten ist, wird in III. beschrieben und in der Geschichte des Erzählens zurückverfolgt. In IV. wird der Begriff der Allwissenheit näher bestimmt und gegen den Begriff einer omniscientia Gottes abgegrenzt. ›Entdeckt‹ hat man Allwissenheit als Eigenschaft des Erzählens in der 3. Person erst seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts – dafür werden in V. ausgewählte Belege zusammengetragen. Zum Abschluss wird in VI. problematisiert, ob der Begriff der Allwissenheit sich auf moderne Formen der Darstellung von Figurenbewusstsein beziehen lässt.