bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Mechanisms of thermal energy transfer through carbon-based materials
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can exhibit unique ability to conduct heat. However, the effects of different factors on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes are still poorly understood. The effects of different factors on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes are investigated to understand the mechanisms of transfer of thermal energy through carbon-based materials. Carbon nanotube films and fibers are produced, and the parallel thermal conductance technique is employed to determine the thermal conductivity. The importance of cross-sectional area is determined experimentally. The results indicated that the prepared carbon nanotube films and fibers are very efficient at conducting heat. The structure, purity, and alignment play a fundamentally important role in determining the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes. Single-walled carbon nanotube films and fibers generally have high thermal conductivity. The presence of non-carbonaceous impurities degrades the thermal performance due to the low degree of bundle contact. The carbon nanotubes are of the order of several hundred microns, which is significantly greater than the mean free path of phonons. Acoustic phonons exhibit a linear relationship between frequency and phonon wave-vector for long wavelengths. At room temperature, a maximum specific thermal conductivity is obtained but Umklapp scattering occurs. Heat transport in both amorphous and crystalline dielectric solids is by way of elastic vibrations of the lattice. This transport mechanism is theorized to be limited by the elastic scattering of acoustic phonons at lattice defects. The specific thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube fibers is significantly higher than that of carbon nanotube films due to the increased degree of bundle alignment.
Information factors affecting political socialization of Russian youth
Authors: Nazarova E. A. 
Published: June 2022

The paper considers the peculiarities of the process of the political socialization in modern conditions, i.e. in complication of all spheres of human life and society, primarily the informational and socio-cultural component of this process, which is now dominated by non-linear trends – traumas and gaps. The author (1) represents the informational and social factors of risks and vulnerabilities for the system of interactions of the agents of political socialization under the conditions of pluralization of meanings, simulacres, and the artificial creation of “non-events” and “post-truth”; (2) substantiates the necessity of preservation of value components of socialization of youth as a social group with specific socio-psychological characteristics manifested in social and political spheres; (3) attempts to systematize social and digital information factors that influence the political consciousness and the process of purposeful socialization of young people, their civic activity and involvement in the political processes of the country.The empirical study was aimed at identifying the degree of media activity of non-party youth associations and their influence on the political consciousness of Russian youth. The contentanalysis was conducted on the Medialogia media monitoring system to identify the quantitative characteristics of the publication and media activity of several of the most popular youth social movements and structures (the Nashi Youth Movement, the Revolutionary Communist Youth Union, the Yunarmiya Movement), as well as the Federal agencies for youth affairs of the Russian Federation, the Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on youth policy and the National Council of Youth and Children’s Associations of Russia. The sample included more than 140,000 materials published between February 2019 and February 2022 in print media, radio, TV, Internet and news agencies at the federal level.
Recent Advances in the Development of Antidepressants Targeting
the Purinergic P2X7 Receptor
Authors: Lee Shinyoung , Ha Hyunsoo , Jang Jaebong , Byun Youngjoo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)--
gated cation channel protein. Although extracellular ATP (eATP) is maintained at the
nanomolar concentration range under normal conditions, it is elevated to micromolar levels
in response to cell stress or damage, resulting in activation of P2X7R in the brain.
The binding of eATP to P2X7R in glial cells in the brain activates the NLRP3 inflammasome
and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNFα.
Depression has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with neuroinflammation activated
by P2X7R. Therefore, P2X7R is an attractive therapeutic target for depression.
Multinational pharmaceutical companies, including AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline,
Janssen, Lundbeck, and Pfizer, have developed CNS-penetrating P2RX7 antagonists.
Several of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. This review summarizes the recent
development of P2X7R antagonists as novel antidepressant agents in terms of structural
optimization, as well as in vitro/in vivo evaluation and physicochemical properties of representative
compounds.
Congenital Solitary Functioning Kidney: A Review
Authors: Wakabayashi Eduarda Almeida , Pantaleão Alexandre Negrão , Avendanha Renata Araújo , Brunheroto Felipe Baptista , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Solitary functioning kidney (SFK) is a subgroup of the Congenital
Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT). Although the prognosis of these
patients was considered good in the past, numerous studies have shown different levels
of kidney damage associated with this condition. Serum creatinine measurement is
still the most used marker to assess renal function, even though the limitations are widely
known.

Objective:
The present review aims to summarize and update the scientific literature on
congenital SFK, discussing its pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, prognosis,
role of novel urinary biomarkers, treatment, and follow-up.

Results:
The natural history of congenital SFK is still an unresolved issue due to several
factors. Although it has not yet been proven in humans, Brenner’s hyperfiltration hypothesis
is the most concrete theory to explain the poor renal outcomes of patients born with
one functioning kidney. The search for novel urinary biomarkers capable of assessing renal
function and predicting renal outcomes has already started, but there are still few
studies on this specific population. Among the most studied markers, Cystatin C, EGF
and NGAL have shown potential usefulness for the follow-up of these patients. The treatment
still relies on the search for kidney injury and general renoprotective measures.

Conclusion:
Further research with a longer follow-up duration is needed to better understand
the natural course of congenital SFK and the role of novel urinary biomarkers in this
specific population. Thus, it will be possible to improve the prognosis of these patients.
The Synergistic Effect of Ruthenium Complex Δ-Ru1 and Doxorubicin in a
Mouse Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Tang Xing-Guo , Lin Ke , Guo Shun-Wen , Rong Yi , Chen Dan , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Ping Feng-Feng , Wang Jin-Quan 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Doxorubicin is a significant drug for the treatment of breast cancer, but its cardiotoxicity is an obvious obstacle. Previously, we confirmed that ruthenium complex (Δ-Ru1) and doxorubicin (Δ-Ru1/Dox) combination had a synergistic effect in MCF-7 cells, but its biological ef-fect in vivo is unknown.

Purpose:
To find a way to overcome the toxicity of doxorubicin and build MCF-7 xenograft tumor mouse model to test whether this potential combination has better efficacy and less toxicity.

Methods:
The tumor model of nude mice was established to verify the synergistic antitumor effect of the drug combination in vivo. H&E staining was used to detect the toxicity of major organs in mice. Sirius red staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect cardiotoxicity. Prussian blue was used to measure iron accumulation in heart tissue. TUNEL staining was used to detect the antitumor effect in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of iron death-related pathway proteins. High-throughput sequencing techniques were used to determine the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis.

Results:
Histopathological analysis of tumor tissues indicated that the Δ-Ru1/Dox combination sig-nificantly promoted tumor cell apoptosis. Doxorubicin damaged cardiac tissue by inducing fibrosis and iron accumulation, but it was reversed by the Δ-Ru1/Dox combination treatment. Further explo-ration found that doxorubicin could regulate iron accumulation in the ferroptosis pathway and the expression of lipid peroxidation-related proteins, including upregulation of Tf, DMT1, and HO-1, and downregulation of Nrf2, SLC7A11, and GPX4.

Conclusion:
Δ-Ru1/Dox combination synergistically inhibits tumor growth, and it can significantly reduce and alleviate the toxic side effects of doxorubicin, especially cardiac injury.
The Levels of Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Resilience and their Relationships with Academic Performance in College Students
During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ram Dushad , Alammar Muath A. , Albarragi Khudhayr Nasser , Alshahrani Abdullah Saad 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Cognitive flexibility and resilience may influence academic achievement. These cognitive functions may be affected during the Covid 19 pandemic. Few studies have been conducted to examine these relationships.

Objective:
This study examined college students' cognitive flexibility and resilience and their relationships with academic achievement during the Covid 19 pandemic.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 303 students were assessed using sociodemographic and academic proforma, the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and the Cognitive Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, contingency table analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis H test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and linear regression analysis (with moderation).

Results:
Cognitive flexibility was significantly greater in those who were success-oriented, had a backlog, and studied a health science subject, whereas resilience was greater in those who had lower course competency and had encountered psychological issues. Exam scores were positively linked with students' economic status and negatively linked with students' perceptions of course competency. Cognitive resilience predicted exam performance positively, which was moderated by cognitive flexibility.

Conclusion:
Cognitive resilience positively affects academic performance and is moderated by cognitive flexibility.
Proposals for development of a reference method for measuring lateral forces
Authors: Brzhezovskiy A. M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The article considers the prerequisites for choosing the most expedient reference method of experimental determination (measurement) of the lateral (horizontal transverse) force acting in the contact zone of the wheel and the rail head in relation to the procedure for establishing the conditions for the circulation of rolling stock on the railway network. This is one of the important force factors of the interaction of the rolling stock with the elements of the permanent way of the railway track. The author presents a set of methods for experimental evaluation of lateral forces based on the measurement of rail deformations, which were applied in the works of certified testing centres for railway equipment in Russia and the Commonwealth states.Materials and methods. Based on a set of known experimental techniques, the author proposed to take statistical estimates of the measurement error established by the current interstate regulations as criteria for the validity of the choice of a refe rence measurement technique. Determination of the reference measurement technique involves conducting purposeful experiments with similar conditions, including the types of rolling stock under test, the parameters of the device and structure of the permanent way of the measured section, meteorological parameters, etc. The author has applied the procedures that include the choice and justification of the reference value of the measured indicator, comparison of statistical estimates of the measurement error of lateral forces along with the requirements imposed on the conditions for conducting experiments in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents of Rosstandart.Results. As a result, the author described the methods for statistical processing of experimental information of various considered techniques for measuring lateral forces, which enabled to justify the choice of the reference measurement technique.Discussion and conclusion. The presented method for determining the reference method for measuring the lateral forces of the impact of the wheel on the rail head according to the deformations of the rail considers the requirements of the regulatory documents of Rosstandart and can be used in the experimental evaluation of interaction indicators in the mechanical wheel — rail system.
Redistribution of tractive force per axle for electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors
Authors: Shilin N. D. , Prokof'ev S. N. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Improving the traction and adhesion properties of freight electric locomotives is currently an urgent issue for the domestic locomotive industry. The increase in the mass and speed of trains enables to seek new ways and possibilities for realising the maximum tractive force of freight locomotives in order to meet the requirements of the rapidly developing transportation methods.Materials and methods. The authors carries out the analysis of existing theoretical and practical methods of adhesion control and developed the algorithm for controlling the wheelsets adhesion of a locomotive with asynchronous traction motors.Results. The authors concerning the tests analysis of a real electric locomotive, developed a mathematical model of the locomotive movement, which included algorithms for axial control of the tractive force with the redistribution of the tractive force between the axles. Calculations of a mathematical model of the movement of a locomotive with a train on a section with the redistribution algorithm both enabled and disabled, as well as with various settings of this algorithm, were carried out. The model also took into account the change in the adhesion coefficient of the wheels with the rails depending on the numerical order of a wheelset in the direction of travel, as well as the additional loading and unloading forces that arise in the undercarriage depending on the tractive force being realised. As a result of the calculations, obtained data showed good convergence with the test data of a real electric locomotive.Discussion and conclusion. The developed mathematical model allows evaluating the realisation of the tractive force of a locomotive as close as possible to that specified by the locomotive throttle under conditions of a changing adhesion coefficient and its heterogeneity under different wheelsets of the locomotive. The obtained results can be further applied in the development of promising freight electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE FACTORS OF ORIGIN MICRO VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Gurina N. I. 
Published: June 2022

The prevalence and nature of the course of microvascular complications among
1556 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The dependence between age is analyzed,
sex, place of residence, duration of the disease, age of the patient at the manifestation of diabetes, the degree of progression of microvascular complications and their relationship with
the state of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. It is shown that the frequency of all types of microvascular complications is significantly higher in patients in rural areas. Frequency
microangiopathy for diabetes does not depend on the sex of the patient. Prolonged course of the disease
and its unsatisfactory compensation are important risk factors for the development and progression of complications of diabetes
STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF INTERLEUKIN-8 AND INTERLEUKIN-17 WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Prylutsky O. S. , Kasyarum V. P. , Lesnichenko D. O. , Prylutska O. O. , Piskureva G. V. 
Published: June 2022

The levels of interleukins-8 and -17 in autoimmune thyroiditis were studied. Probably elevated concentrations of test cytokines were combined with elevated levels of specific autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase in patients
with a confirmed diagnosis of the disease. Positive correlative is established relationship between interleukins-8 and -17. Analysis of the obtained data confirms the direct participation and pathogenetic significance of the studied cytokines in the development
and disease progression
THE CHANGES IN ADOLESCENTS THYROID STATUS WITH DIFFUSE NONTOXIC GOITER ON THE STAGES OF SEXUAL MATURATION
Authors: Turchina S. I. 
Published: June 2022

The study of thyroid status in adolescents of 10-17 years old with diffuse nontoxic goiter allowed to determine of sex differences in rates of thyroid profile in adolescents with different levels of pubertal development. The period of early puberty in girls is characterized by a higher rate of TTG and in boys it is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of free thyroxine. The signs of minimal thyroid insufficiency and subclinical hypothyroidism can be registered more often in boys with diffuse nontoxic goiter of senior age than in menstruating girls what can be evidenced by the marked reduction of the integral rate of the thyroid with increased rate of TTG/fT4.
Therapist-Delivered Versus Care Ally–Assisted Massage for Veterans With Chronic Neck Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Munk Niki , Daggy Joanne K , Evans Erica , Kline Matthew , Slaven James E , Laws Brian , Foote Trevor , Matthias Marianne S , Bair Matthew J 
Published: June 2022

Background
Chronic neck pain (CNP) is prevalent, and it reduces functional status and quality of life and is associated with deleterious psychological outcomes in affected individuals. Despite the desirability of massage and its demonstrated effectiveness in CNP treatment, multiple accessibility barriers exist. Caregiver-applied massage has demonstrated feasibility in various populations but has not been examined in Veterans with CNP or compared in parallel to therapist-delivered massage.

Objective
This manuscript described the original study design, lessons learned, and resultant design modifications for the Trial Outcomes for Massage: Care Ally–Assisted Versus Therapist-Treated (TOMCATT) study.

Methods
TOMCATT began as a 3-arm, randomized controlled trial of 2 massage delivery approaches for Veterans with CNP with measures collected at baseline, 1 and 3 months after intervention, and 6 months (follow-up). Arm I, care ally–assisted massage, consisted of an in-person, 3.5-hour training workshop, an instructional DVD, a printed treatment manual, and three 30-minute at-home care ally–assisted massage sessions weekly for 3 months. Arm II, therapist-treated massage, consisted of two 60-minute sessions tailored to individual pain experiences and treatments per week for 3 months. The treatments followed a standardized Swedish massage approach. Arm III consisted of wait-list control.

Results
Retention and engagement challenges in the first 30 months were significant in the care ally–assisted massage study arm (63% attrition between randomization and treatment initiation) and prompted modification to a 2-arm trial, that is, removing arm I.

Conclusions
The modified TOMCATT study successfully launched and exceeded recruitment goals 2.5 months before the necessary COVID-19 pause and is expected to be completed by early 2023.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03100539; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03100539

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/38950
ECONOMIA URBANA E DESENVOLVIMENTO MUNICIPAL NA METADE SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Faustino de Oliveira Osmar , Ferrera de Lima Jandir 
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o dinamismo da economia urbana e o grau de desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios da região Metade Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil no período 2006 a 2016. O procedimento metodológico foi a construção de indicadores de centralidade e disparidade do desenvolvimento socioeconômico utilizando dados do Produto Interno Bruto, população, educação, saúde, renda e emprego. Os resultados apontaram que um conjunto de municípios conseguiu avançar de forma significativa no crescimento econômico, porém isso não resultou em ganhos no nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. O êxodo da população e o crescimento de atividades produtivas que tiveram pouco impacto na geração de emprego e renda demonstram a necessidade de políticas públicas mais focalizadas na região.
Substantiation of Typical Agricultural Areas As a Methodological Basis for the Development of Regional Machine Systems
Authors: Zhalnin E. V. , Zubina V. A. 
Published: June 2022

It was shown that when developing regional systems of technologies and machines, it is important to take into account all natural agro-climatic conditions and production capabilities in each region’s agricultural sector.Research purpose To develop a methodology for substantiating typical agricultural territories in each agricultural region so that the calculation results obtained for this territory are then generalized for the entire region.Materials and methods The production potential of the region was monitored, the basic assessment criteria were statistically processed and typical agricultural territories were selected according to the minimum deviation of the criteria particular values for the individual regions from the average weighted values for the whole region. All target territories within the region were grouped into homogeneous samples according to the minimum criteria variance. An algorithm for the sequence of computational and logical operations was proposed. The territories were assessed according to three uniformity criteria: the minimum sum of ranks for the priority of each basic criterion, the number of priority basic criteria, and the comparative significance of each region production potential. For typical areas, it was proposed to perform computer calculations of technical support options.Results and discussion The calculations were performed for the Central Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation. The following basic criteria for the production resources of the regions were adopted: the total arable land, the number of tractors, tractor availability and capability, the number of agricultural organizations in the region, the area for sowing grain crops, vegetables, and planting potatoes. The monitoring of the production resources criteria revealed their uneven distribution across the region and the subsequent necessity to identify two or three typical agricultural territories.Conclusions An algorithm was proposed for selecting typical territories and agricultural organizations in the region based on the case of the Central Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation. Within this zone, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Bryansk, and Yaroslavl regions were identified as typical ones.