bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking cessation strategy in the national cervical cancer screening program (SUCCESS): study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised trial and process evaluation in Dutch general practice
Authors: Mansour Marthe BL , Crone Mathilde R , Sert Edanur , van Weert Henk C , Chavannes Niels H , van Asselt Kristel M 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionCervical cancer screening in general practice could be a routine moment to provide female smokers with stop smoking advice and support. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of a stop smoking strategy delivered by trained practice assistants after the cervical smear, and to evaluate the implementation process.Methods and analysisThe study is a two-arm, pragmatic cluster randomised trial, in Dutch general practice. Randomisation takes place 1:1 at the level of the general practice. Practices either deliver the SUCCESS stop smoking strategy or the usual care condition. The strategy consists of brief stop smoking advice based on the Ask-Advise-Connect method and is conducted by trained practice assistants after routine cervical cancer screening. The primary outcome is the performance of a serious quit attempt in the 6 months after screening. Secondary outcomes are 7-day point prevalence abstinence, reduction in the number of cigarettes per day and transition in motivation to quit smoking. Follow-up for these measurements takes place after 6 months. Analysis on the primary outcome aims to detect a 10% difference between treatment arms (0.80 power, p=0.05, using a one-sided test), and will be performed according to the intention to treat principle. The process evaluation will assess feasibility, acceptability and barriers or enablers to the strategy’s implementation. For this purpose, both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected via questionnaires and in-depth interviews, respectively, in both individual study participants and involved staff.Ethics and disseminationThe Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport approved of the trial after an advisory report from the Health Council (Nr. 2018/17). A licence was provided to conduct the study under the Population Screening Act. Study results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNL5052 (NTR7451).
PrEP patient attitudes, beliefs and perceived barriers surrounding HPV vaccination: a qualitative study of semistructured interviews with PrEP patients in primary care clinics in Kansas and Missouri
Authors: Sullivan-Blum Zoe C , Brophy Margaret , Didde Ryan , Nagireddy Radha , Swagerty Hannah , Weir Sumiko , Sykes Kevin J , Dietz Craig , Alt Marcus , Ramaswamy Megha , Rotert Paul 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men who use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have not traditionally been targets for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programmes, despite their high risk for HPV-related cancers and HPV vaccine being approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for people up to age 45. The objective of this study was to assess attitudes and barriers towards HPV vaccine for adult PrEP users in the primary care context.MethodsSemistructured phone interviews of 16 primary care patients taking PrEP in the Kansas City metropolitan area were conducted, with interviews assessing HPV vaccination status, and attitudes, beliefs and perceived barriers surrounding HPV vaccine. Interview notes were open-coded by student authors, and themes were generated through code review and consensus. Data were then analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe results showed that most patients believed that preventative health was important and felt the HPV vaccine was important. Most patients were open to vaccination if recommended by their primary care physician and covered by insurance. Most participants believed HPV infection to be far worse in women, and there were gaps in knowledge surrounding HPV and its effects in men.ConclusionsWhile more research is needed to better understand facilitators of a linkage between PrEP and HPV vaccine in clinical settings for groups at high risk for HPV-related cancers, getting primary care providers involved in educating high-risk patients about the importance of HPV vaccination and actively recommending the vaccine to those patients has the potential to prevent HPV-related cancers.
Modifiable psychosocial risk factors and delayed onset of dementia in older populations: analysis of two prospective US cohorts
Authors: Grodstein Francine , Wang Tianhao , Leurgans Sue E. , Wilson Robert S , Bennett David A 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePreventing Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) fundamentally equates to delaying onset. Thus, we quantified associations of modifiable, psychosocial risk factors to years of delayed onset of dementia.DesignTwo prospective cohorts (n=2860) with negative and positive psychosocial factors measured at baseline (depressive symptoms, neuroticism, cognitive activity).Setting and participantsReligious Orders Study of older priests, nuns and brothers across the USA, initiated in 1994; Rush Memory and Aging Project, of older persons in Chicago area, initiated in 1997.Outcome measureWe conducted annual neurological and neuropsychological assessments to identify AD (n=785 incident cases). We compared age at diagnosis of AD across psychosocial risk factor groups, controlling for confounders, using accelerated failure time models.ResultsWe found strong relations of three or more depressive symptoms with age at AD diagnosis; estimated mean age at diagnosis was 86.9 years with significant symptoms versus 92.1 years with no symptoms (p=0.001). In addition, neuroticism was inversely related to age at AD diagnosis; estimated mean age at diagnosis was 88.8 years for the highest neuroticism tertile and 93.1 years in the lowest tertile (p<0.001). Participants with higher cognitive activity (such as reading books) had later AD diagnosis; estimated mean age at diagnosis was 89.2 years for the lowest cognitive activity group and 92.6 years for the highest activity group (p<0.001).ConclusionsHigher depressive symptoms were associated with 5-year acceleration in AD; higher neuroticism with 4-year acceleration and higher cognitive activity with a 3.5-year delay. To translate findings, prior health services research in the USA indicates delaying dementia 5 years could add 3 years of life and reduce individual costs of care >$60 000. These results provide a rigorous, easily translatable metric for communicating and evaluating the potential public health impact of psychosocial and experiential interventions.
Instruments for measuring patient safety competencies in nursing: a scoping review
Authors: Mortensen Michael , Naustdal Kristin Igland , Uibu Ere , Mägi Liisi , Kangasniemi Mari , Põlluste Kaja , Moi Asgjerd L 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPatient safety competencies in nursing are essential for the quality of healthcare. To develop practices and collaboration in nursing care, valid instruments that measure competencies in patient safety are needed.ObjectiveTo identify instruments that measure the patient safety competencies of nurses.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesThe Cochran Library, Epistemonikos, Eric, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting on instruments measuring patient safety competence in nursing. The search was limited to English peer-reviewed scientific papers published from January 2010 to April 2021.Review methodA blinded selection of articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria was performed by two researchers based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were then extracted, synthesised and presented in tables and text.ResultsOur search identified 1,426 papers, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria. The selected papers described nine instruments, of which the ‘Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey’ was the most used instrument. The identified instruments comprised domains for patient safety skills, attitudes, knowledge, communication, teamwork and errors. The instruments had been tested for content (face) and construct validity as well as for reliability. However, sensitivity and responsiveness were rarely assessed.ConclusionsOver the last decade, there has been a growing body of instruments aimed at measuring patient safety competencies among nurses. The future development of new instruments should consider including the important dimension of ethics in patient safety as well as evaluating the instrument’s responsiveness to be able to track changes over time.
Using diatoms to track road-salt seepage into small, shallow, softwater Ontario lakes
Authors: Valleau Robin E. , Rühland Kathleen M. , Paterson Andrew M. , Smol John P. 
Published: April 2022

Since the 1950s, the widespread application of road salt for winter road maintenance and safety in cold regions has led to increased conductivity levels in many freshwater systems. Salting practices have adversely affected freshwater biota; however, the magnitude of ecological impacts may vary by species and ecosystem. Here, we examine diatom assemblage changes during the past ∼200 years from the sedimentary records of five impacted lakes (measured specific conductance values of 149–350 µS·cm−1) and a reference lake (18 µS·cm−1) located in the Muskoka River Watershed, south-central Ontario, Canada. Diatom compositional changes in the road-salt-impacted sites were consistent with increasing conductivity and increased diatom-inferred (DI)-conductivity was evident during the latter half of the 20th century in the impacted lakes, concurrent with known road-salt application. The strongest predictor of DI-conductivity changes among the six lakes was the kilometre equivalents of roads within the watershed (i.e., kilometres of road × number of lanes). Similar to changes observed in a previous study focusing on cladoceran assemblages, we conclude that even modest applications of road salt can affect diatom assemblages in softwater lakes.
Dynamical torsion suppression in Brans–Dicke inflation and Lorentz violation
Authors: de Andrade L. C. Garcia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPaul and SenGupta (Eur Phys J C 79:591, 2019) have recently shown that the reason why torsion effects are not present in today s universe is that they are suppressed in the bulk of a 5D braneworld. In this case only curvature effects remain. In this paper our goals are to investigate how this idea applies in the 4D Brans–Dicke inflation in two cases: First in the spin-torsion energy density scaling as $$\sim {a^{-6}}$$

∼

a

-
6

, whereas matter density scales at $$a^{-3}$$

a

-
3

. Here a(t) is the cosmic evolution parameter in the cosmic time t. In this case when a is given by the de Sitter expansion spin-torsion density it is highly suppressed. the second is the inflation in the framework of Einstein–Cartan–Brans–Dicke (ECBD) gravity used here, to build an effective inflaton potential and computing the number of its e-folds. Spin-torsion density contributes to a decrease on the number of e-folds when the ratio of spin-torsion density to matter density is not suppressed as in Early Universe. At present universe it is easy to show that by the end of inflation, spin-torsion density is suppressed with respect to matter-curvature density with a ratio of $$a^{-3}$$

a

-
3

or $$t^{-3}$$

t

-
3

by the end of inflation. When torsion possesses dynamical degrees of freedom, contortion is also shown to be suppressed by the end of BD inflation. The Kalb–Ramond fields in the 5D braneworld are equivalent to torsion. At present universe we find $$K\sim {10^{-39}~\hbox {GeV}}$$

K
∼

10

-
39

GeV

for contortion. Such an estimate is much more stringent than the value found by Russell et al. (Phys Rev Lett 100, 2008) from torsion Lorentz violation (LV) with dual masers experiment.
Impact of slow conversions on hybrid stars with sequential QCD phase transitions
Authors: Gonçalves Victor P. , Lazzari Lucas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the impact of the phase conversion speed on the properties of hybrid stars with sequential sharp QCD phase transitions. We consider that these hybrid stars possess an inner (outer) core of CFL (2SC) quark matter surrounded by hadronic matter. Assuming that the phase conversions can be slow or rapid, we analyze the dynamical stability of these objects. In particular, we present our predictions for the mass-radius profile and the fundamental eigenfrequencies of hybrid stars with sequential QCD first order phase transitions. Our results demonstrate that the usual stability criteria i.e.$$\partial M/ \partial P_0 \ge 0$$∂M/∂P0≥0, is sufficient only if both conversions are rapid. Moreover, we show that if any of the interfaces has a slow conversion speed, the fundamental eigenfrequencies are significantly modified.
Modeling international mobility using roaming cell phone traces during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Luca Massimiliano , Lepri Bruno , Frias-Martinez Enrique , Lutu Andra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost of the studies related to human mobility are focused on intra-country mobility. However, there are many scenarios (e.g., spreading diseases, migration) in which timely data on international commuters are vital. Mobile phones represent a unique opportunity to monitor international mobility flows in a timely manner and with proper spatial aggregation. This work proposes using roaming data generated by mobile phones to model incoming and outgoing international mobility. We use the gravity and radiation models to capture mobility flows before and during the introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, traditional models have some limitations: for instance, mobility restrictions are not explicitly captured and may play a crucial role. To overtake such limitations, we propose the COVID Gravity Model (CGM), namely an extension of the traditional gravity model that is tailored for the pandemic scenario. This proposed approach overtakes, in terms of accuracy, the traditional models by 126.9% for incoming mobility and by 63.9% when modeling outgoing mobility flows.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors: Is a Noncanonical Substrate the Key Target?
Authors: Frank David A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), such as CDK4 and CDK6, phosphorylate RB1 to release the transcription factor E2F and drive the transition from G1 to S-phase of the cell cycle. Inhibitors of these kinases thereby block cell-cycle progression and presumably exert their therapeutic effect. While this mechanism is straight forward, several aspects have seemed problematic, not the least of which is that these drugs seem to have therapeutic effects on a relatively small number of human cancers. Tong and colleagues took an open-ended approach to this mechanistic question, and their results raise the possibility that inhibition of phosphorylation of the transcription factor p73 is a key mechanism of action of these drugs. They show that p73 inhibition and the resultant upregulation of the cell surface receptor DR5 are necessary for the anticancer effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors, including enhancement of immune-mediated cell killing, and that therapeutic benefit relies largely on their use in conjunction with other agents. While many questions remain to be answered, these findings demonstrate the importance of keeping an open mind to mechanistic aspects of therapeutic agents already in clinical use and highlight how rigorous mechanistic studies can answer both basic and translational questions.See related article by Tong et al., p. 1340
Biomarker-Based Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility: Implementation Considerations
Authors: Hung Rayjean J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the convergence of promising biomarkers for lung cancer risk stratifications, and the increasing need for better eligibility assessment for lung cancer low-dose CT (LDCT) screening, the elephant in the room now is whether and how the implementation of biomarker-based lung cancer screening eligibility can be successfully achieved. This brief commentary provides an outline of key considerations for biomarker implementations for LDCT eligibility assessment and possible mitigation strategies.
See related article by Jacobsen et al., p. 758
The Importance of Drug Concentration at the Site of Action: Celecoxib and Colon Polyp Prevention as a Case Study
Authors: Thompson Patricia A. , Martinez Jessica A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Celecoxib is among the more potent and better clinically studied, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for use as a chemoprevention agent for colorectal cancer. Its use is associated with a 40% to 50% response rate for reduction in adenomatous polyps. However, rare serious cardiovascular effects and even death with celecoxib and other NSAIDs make it important to understand why some patients respond and others do not. Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of COX-2. Its anticancer mechanism has largely been attributed to the inhibition of COX-2. Celecoxib also shows activity to induce apoptosis in cancer cells not expressing COX-2. This includes activity to upregulate 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) independent of COX-2 and increase the synthesis of 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-S-HODE) from linoleic acid (LA) to downregulate PPAR-δ and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer models. In examining the effect of celecoxib on 15-LOX-1 for reducing adenomatous polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Yang and colleagues point out the potential importance of drug bioavailability in blood, normal, and neoplastic colorectal tissue in patient response.
See related article, p. 217
Think Globally, Act Locally: Globalizing Precision Oncology
Authors: Moyers Justin T. , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: April 2022

Summary:
Globalizing precision oncology should be a major priority for cancer care in the upcoming decades. In this issue, the K-MASTER study provides a framework for infrastructure building in East Asia illustrating the widening global potential of precision oncology. It is time to modify the precision oncology mantra: Give the right drug, to the right patient, at the right time in every country, to think globally and act locally.
See related article by Park et al., p. 938 (3).
First report of Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens (Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) colonizing human corpse in the Neotropical region
Authors: Guimarães Stephanie Evelyn França , Melo Daphiner Millena Pereira de , Barbosa Taciano Moura , Farias Rodrigo Cesar Azevedo Pereira , Bicho Carla de Lima 
Published: April 2022

We report a case of male corpse colonization found inside a residence in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. The body was found in the gaseous stage of decomposition and was colonized by fly larvae. We reared the larvae collected at the crime scene on a temperature-controlled. We supplied beef as a feeding substrate for the larvae until adult emergence to allow taxonomic identification. Three specimens of Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens emerged in the laboratory. Thus, we present the first record of the flesh-fly Peckia (S.) ingens colonizing a human corpse in Neotropical region, updating the list of species with forensic potential. In addition, information on the total time of the species development and the implications of these findings for the consolidation of forensic entomology in the Northeast region were discussed.
Entre a entidade terrena e deífica de Beatriz: transfigurações da musa dantesca em Vida Nova e na Divina Comédia
Authors: Ribeiro Anne Caroline do Nascimento , Cavalheiro Juciane dos Santos 
Published: April 2022

Neste estudo, centrar-nos-emos na inspiração máxima de Dante Alighieri, Beatriz. Um dos grandes trunfos da musa – e de Dante, ao construí-la de forma tão elaborada – encontra-se na transmutação que a personagem recebe nas obras de Dante: no amor cortês e stilnovista de Vida Nova, na filosofia de Convívio, e nas alegorias e na teologia de A Divina Comédia, é possível, através dela, tecer uma representação não apenas da intelectualidade do homem medieval, mas também das diferentes representações da mulher na literatura do trecento. É na personagem que também encontramos o maior símbolo desta escola literária italiana, que nos permitirá divisar o auge da concepção da mulher como figura beatificada na Idade Média. Beatriz, como uma figura profética, traz consigo a gênese da literatura italiana. Por exprimir tal efeito de transformação em cada obra dantesca e por se constituir de sentidos que se suplementam e, ao mesmo tempo, que denotam a mudança gradual da personagem, iniciaremos tratando da gênese de Beatriz em Vida Nova até sua transfiguração post mortem na Comédia.
Evolução da contaminação do solo por metais tóxicos: o caso da Plumbum Mineração e Metalurgia Ltda, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Aldeneidiane Santana dos , Anjos José Ângelo Sebastião Araújo dos 
Published: April 2022

A metalurgia de chumbo, localizada em Santo Amaro, na Bahia, abandonada em 1993, poluiu e contaminou diversos compartimentos ambientais e afetou severamente a saúde da população que reside, principalmente, em seu entorno. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a evolução dos protocolos utilizados nos 17 estudos realizados nos solos contaminados provenientes da Plumbum Mineração e Metalurgia Ltda. Adotou-se como metodologia científica a pesquisa bibliográfica, na qual foram estabelecidas três fases distintas sobre a evolução desses estudos e agrupadas pela época versus fato(s) marcante(s) que caracterizasse(m) as pesquisas, bem como aplicaram-se estudos geoestatísticos aos dados analíticos de monitoramento ambiental realizado pelos autores para a área. A primeira fase, correspondente ao período de 1990 a 2001, é marcada pelos estudos que avaliaram apenas chumbo e cádmio. A segunda fase corresponde ao período de 2002 a 2008 e é marcada pelo estudo de outros elementos, incluindo o aprimoramento dos protocolos analíticos e as possíveis técnicas de remediação adotadas. A terceira fase inicia-se com os estudos posteriores à resolução nº 420/2009 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) até 2016. Conclui-se que a falta de adoção de regulamento específico para avaliação desses solos levou a erros analíticos e conclusões inconsistentes das reais concentrações desses metais no solo em Santo Amaro. Os dados consultados não podem ser comparados, em virtude das diversas metodologias utilizadas. Caso o Estado não cumpra o que está disposto na resolução vigente, os erros poderão persistir para as pesquisas de futuras gerações.