bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Bayesian Sum of Trees Model for Covariate-Dependent Spectral Analysis
Authors: Wang Yakun , Li Zeda , Bruce Scott A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a flexible and adaptive nonparametric method for estimating the association between multiple covariates and power spectra of multiple time series. The proposed approach uses a Bayesian sum of trees model to capture complex dependencies and interactions between covariates and the power spectrum, which are often observed in studies of biomedical time series. Local power spectra corresponding to terminal nodes within trees are estimated nonparametrically using Bayesian penalized linear splines. The trees are considered to be random and fit using a Bayesian backfitting Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that sequentially considers tree modifications via reversible-jump MCMC techniques. For high-dimensional covariates, a sparsity-inducing Dirichlet hyperprior on tree splitting proportions is considered, which provides sparse estimation of covariate effects and efficient variable selection. By averaging over the posterior distribution of trees, the proposed method can recover both smooth and abrupt changes in the power spectrum across multiple covariates. Empirical performance is evaluated via simulations to demonstrate the proposed method's ability to accurately recover complex relationships and interactions. The proposed methodology is used to study gait maturation in young children by evaluating age-related changes in power spectra of stride interval time series in the presence of other covariates.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation in the Additive Hazards Model
Authors: Lu Chengyuan , Goeman Jelle , Putter Hein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe additive hazards model specifies the effect of covariates on the hazard in an additive way, in contrast to the popular Cox model, in which it is multiplicative. As the non-parametric model, additive hazards offer a very flexible way of modeling time-varying covariate effects. It is most commonly estimated by ordinary least squares. In this paper, we consider the case where covariates are bounded, and derive the maximum likelihood estimator under the constraint that the hazard is non-negative for all covariate values in their domain. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator may be obtained by separately maximizing the log-likelihood contribution of each event time point, and we show that the maximizing problem is equivalent to fitting a series of Poisson regression models with an identity link under non-negativity constraints. We derive an analytic solution to the maximum likelihood estimator. We contrast the maximum likelihood estimator with the ordinary least-squares estimator in a simulation study and show that the maximum likelihood estimator has smaller mean squared error than the ordinary least-squares estimator. An illustration with data on patients with carcinoma of the oropharynx is provided.
Standardized methods to rear high‐quality Galleria mellonella larvae for the study of fungal pathogens
Authors: de Jong Auke W. , van Veldhuizen Dennis , Groot Astrid T. , Hagen Ferry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has gathered widespread interest in the biomedical research community as an alternative non‐mammalian model to study bacterial and fungal infections in humans. Nevertheless, most laboratories rely on commercial breeding companies that grow these larvae in bulk. Variation in rearing conditions between these companies and shipping of the larvae affects the response of G. mellonella to infection, both decreasing the reproducibility and comparability of infection experiments across laboratories. To unlock the full potential of G. mellonella as an infection model, standardized rearing is essential to produce healthy larvae of uniform quality. To this end, we developed an optimized protocol using a high‐nutritional artificial diet and cost‐effective housing solutions to ensure optimal conditions during each stage of the G. mellonella life cycle. This resulted in the rapid generation of larvae with a short larval phase, large size, and increased weight compared to other protocols and commercial larvae. A survival analysis comparing the standardized larvae with commercially obtained larvae showed significantly higher survival of standardized reared larvae after infection with Candida albicans (CP Robin) Berkhout (Saccharomycetales), proving the higher quality of standardized reared larvae.
Comparing morphological, parasitological, and genetic traits of an invasive minnow between intermittent and perennial stream reaches
Authors: Cruz Alejandra , Llinares Carla , Martín‐Barrio Inés , Castillo‐García Gema , Arana Pilar , García‐Berthou Emili , Fletcher David H. , Almeida David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Invasive fishes are a major environmental issue at the global scale, particularly for their impacts on freshwater ecosystems via the mechanisms of hybridisation, competition, predation, and disease transmission. This is of special conservation concern on the Iberian Peninsula due to the high level of endemism. With the aim to improve our knowledge on the invasion process of non‐native fishes, the present study consists of analysing key biological traits potentially related to their colonisation capacity: morphology, parasite communities, and genetic diversity.

A non‐native population of Languedoc minnow Phoxinus septimaniae (leuciscid species native to south‐east France) was assessed in Tordera Stream (north‐eastern Iberian Peninsula). Fish were sampled in mid‐May (reproductive period) 2018 and 2019. Biological traits were compared between colonising and resident individuals from stream reaches of intermittent and perennial flow, respectively.

After adjusting for fish size/body mass with analysis of covariance, body condition and health status (external and internal examination) tended to be better in the intermittent reach. Parasite load (number) and diversity (Shannon index) were significantly higher in the perennial reach. Fish development was also more stable in colonising minnow, as detected by low levels of fluctuating asymmetry for the eye diameter and the length of pectoral fins (adjusted for bilateral character size). Genetic diversity (microsatellite markers) was lower in resident minnow. Minnow genetic homozygosity (index of internal relatedness) was positively associated with parasite load and developmental instability (high fluctuating asymmetry levels).

Our results show that colonising minnows display particular profiles of morphological, parasitological, and genetic traits that apparently allow these individuals to increase their dispersal capacity to survive and reproduce in harsher environmental conditions. The potential mechanisms may be related to a wider physiological tolerance, better immune response, parasite resistance/tolerance, and genetic diversity in colonising specimens.

Such information reveals the specific traits of successful fish invaders under a seasonal colonisation dynamic. These data are relevant for environmental managers, to predict and identify areas vulnerable to invasion, in order to establish monitoring programmes for early detection, which will help to reduce the spread of non‐native fish populations.
Synthesis of chitosan–phenolic acid copolymer: exploration of structural and physicochemical properties
Authors: Huang Yufan , Shen Bihua , Zheng Chenmin , Huang Bingqing , Zhang Guoguang , Fei Peng 
Published: September 2022

SummaryChitosan and phenolic acid were catalysed by 1‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐3‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) to produce graft copolymer with high performance. The grafting ratios of gallic acid‐grafted chitosan copolymer (GA‐CS, 16.58%) and protocatechuic acid‐grafted chitosan copolymer (PCA‐CS, 14.36%) were determined by ultraviolet–visible spectrometer. The characterisation of products was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The water solubility of natural chitosan (NA‐CS, 5.63%), GA‐CS (45.05%) and PCA‐CS (85.96%) confirmed that the water solubility of the modified chitosan enhanced after the existence of phenolic acid. 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenging test, β‐carotene rinsing experiment, total reducing power determination and standard agar well diffusion assay method were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and antibacterial ability of copolymer. Notably, the antibacterial ability of PCA‐CS and GA‐CS remained relatively consistent, but GA‐CS has the highest antioxidant capacity. This study shows that the EDC/HOBt reaction system can successfully graft phenolic acids onto chitosan without affecting the bioactivity of phenolic acids. In addition, the preparation of food preservation coatings by phenolic acid–chitosan copolymers with high antibacterial and antioxidant properties will have great development potential in the field of food technology.
Myofibroblast‐dominant proliferation associated with severe fibrosis in bulbar urethral strictures
Authors: Hirano Yusuke , Horiguchi Akio , Ojima Kenichiro , Azuma Ryuichi , Shinchi Masayuki , Ito Kenichi , Miyai Kosuke 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesMyofibroblast‐dominant proliferation (relative to fibroblast proliferation) is the key process in urethral fibrosis, but its association with clinical features is not understood. We conducted a histological analysis of urethral strictures and examined the association between myofibroblast proliferation and stricture characteristics.MethodsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded urethral sections sliced axially from 175 male patients with bulbar urethral strictures were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent excision and primary anastomosis between September 2008 and January 2021 by a surgeon (AH). Masson's trichrome stain was used to estimate the area of fibrosis. Corresponding unstained slides with the largest area of fibrosis were selected and double‐immunostained with anti‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) and anti‐TE‐7 mouse monoclonal antibodies for the assessment of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts, respectively. The ratio of the number of SMA‐positive cells to the number of TE‐7‐positive cells (SMA/TE‐7 ratio) was calculated.ResultsThe area of fibrosis in strictures due to perineal trauma (n = 85, median 108.9 mm2) was significantly larger than that in non‐traumatic strictures (n = 90, median 42.9 mm2, p < 0.0001). The area of fibrosis positively correlated with SMA expression (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) and the SMA/TE‐7 ratio (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001), but not with TE‐7 expression (r = −0.01, p = 0.75). In a multivariate linear regression model, traumatic etiology (standard coefficient 0.37, t value 3.9, p < 0.0001) and increased SMA expression (standard coefficient 0.17, t value 2.1, p = 0.03) were the predictors of wide fibrosis area.ConclusionsMyofibroblast‐dominant proliferation may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe urethral fibrosis.
The missing link in biogeographic reconstruction: Accounting for lineage extinction rewrites history
Authors: Herrera‐Alsina Leonel , Algar Adam C. , Lancaster Lesley T. , Ornelas Juan Francisco , Bocedi Greta , Papadopulos Alexander S. T. , Gubry‐Rangin Cecile , Osborne Owen G. , Mynard Poppy , Sudiana I. Made , Lupiyaningdyah Pungki , Juliandi Berry , Travis Justin M. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimIn the most widely used family of methods for ancestral range estimation (ARE), dispersal, speciation and extirpation events are estimated from information on extant lineages. However, this approach fails to consider the geographic distribution of extinct species and their position on the phylogenetic tree, an omission that could compromise reconstruction. Here, we present a method that models the geographic distribution of extinct species and we quantify the potential inaccuracy in ancestral range estimation when extinction rates are above zero.LocationGlobal applications, with an example from the Americas.TaxonAll taxa, with an example from hummingbirds (Amazilia).MethodsMethods capable of explicitly modelling extinct branches along with their reconstructed geographic information (GeoSSE) have been overlooked in ARE analysis, perhaps due to the inherent complexity of implementation. We develop a user‐friendly platform, which we term LEMAD (Lineage Extinction Model of Ancestral Distribution) that generalizes the likelihood described in GeoSSE for any number of areas and under several sets of geographic assumptions. We compare LEMAD and extinction‐free approaches using extensive simulations under different macroevolutionary scenarios. We apply our method to revisit the historical biogeography of Amazilia hummingbirds.ResultsWe find that accounting for the lineages removed from a tree by extinction improves reconstructions of ancestral distributions, especially when rates of vicariant speciation are higher than rates of in situ speciation, and when rates of extinction and range evolution are high. Rates of in situ and vicariant speciation are accurately estimated by LEMAD in all scenarios. North America as the most likely region for the common ancestor of hummingbirds.Main conclusionsMethods that neglect lineage extinction are less likely to accurately reconstruct true biogeographic histories of extant clades. Our findings on an empirical dataset reconcile the Eurasian origin of Amazilia with biogeographic reconstructions when lineage extinction is considered.
Late pacemaker implantation after atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sim Ming G. , Chan Siew P. , Kojodjojo Pipin , Tan Eugene S. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation (CA) of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is associated with late pacemakers for AV block (AVB). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the pooled incidence of late pacemakers for AVB after CA of AVNRT.Methods and ResultsRelevant studies were identified from four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Trial Register) from inception to 2022. A random effects model was used to calculate the odds of late pacemakers in CA of AVNRT compared to atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Of 533 articles screened, 13 were included in systematic review. CA for AVNRT was performed in 16 471 patients (mean age 54 ± 17 years, 63% females), of which 68 (0.4%) underwent pacemaker implantation for late AVB. Meta‐analysis was performed in 5 of the 13 studies (mean follow‐up duration 7 ± 4 years). Patients who underwent CA of AVNRT were older (58 ± 17 vs. 52 ± 20 years, p < .001), and more likely female (60% vs. 41%, p < .001) than AVRT. Pooled estimates of late pacemakers for AVB were higher in CA of AVNRT than AVRT (0.5% vs. 0.2%, p = .006), with CA in AVNRT associated with almost twofold increased odds of late pacemakers indicated for AVB (odds ratio: 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–3.47, p = .027) compared to AVRT.ConclusionAVNRT ablation is safe but associated with a low but definitely increased risk of requiring pacing in the later years due to AVB. This association is confirmed by pooling over 16 000 AVNRT patients receiving clinically indicated ablation and is helpful in providing informed consent for prospective patients undergoing ablation for AVNRT.
Safety of left atrial appendage closure in heart failure patients
Authors: Das Subrat , Lorente‐Ros Marta , Wu Lingling , Mehta Davendra , Suri Ranjit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionLeft atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an intervention aimed at stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). There is a three‐fold increased risk of stroke in patients with concomitant presence of AF and heart failure (HF). While anticoagulation is effective, only 60% receive it. We aimed at studying the safety of LAAC in HF patients using a national all‐payer database.MethodsWe queried the National Inpatient Sample for the year 2016–2018 for WATCHMAN device insertion using ICD 10 procedure codes. We divided the study population into HF and non‐HF groups. Outcomes were compared using appropriate statistical tests, p< .05 was considered significant.Results34 385 LAAC procedures were identified of which 8530 (24.8%) were done in patients with HF. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 76 (7.9) years and 42% were female. There was no difference in mean age between HF and non‐HF groups. Our findings indicate that there is no difference in inpatient mortality and cardiac complications between the HF and non‐HF groups. However, noncardiac complications including acute kidney injury and respiratory failure were higher in the HF group.ConclusionLAAC appears to be a safe procedure in patients with HF. The study is limited by a short follow up period and long‐term follow‐up is required before definitive conclusions can be made.
Hunger for sex: Abundant, heterogeneous resources select for sexual reproduction in the field
Authors: Pequeno Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima , Franklin Elizabeth , Norton Roy A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMajor hypotheses on sex evolution predict that resource abundance and heterogeneity should either select for or against sexual reproduction. However, seldom have these predictions been explicitly tested in the field. Here, we investigated this question using soil oribatid mites, a diverse and abundant group of soil arthropods whose local communities can be dominated by either sexual or asexual species. First, we refined theoretical predictions by addressing how the effects of resource abundance, heterogeneity and abiotic conditions could modify each other. Then, we estimated the strength of selection for sexual species in local communities while controlling for phylogeny and neutral processes (ecological drift and dispersal), and tested its relation to resource and abiotic gradients. We show that sexual species tended to be favoured with increasing litter amount, a measure of basal resource abundance. Further, there was some evidence that this response occurred mainly under higher tree species richness, a measure of basal resource heterogeneity. This response to resources is unlikely to reflect niche partitioning between reproductive modes, as sexual and asexual species overlapped in trophic niche according to a comparative analysis using literature data on stable isotope ratios. Rather, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sex facilitates adaptation by breaking unfavourable genetic associations, an advantage that should increase with effective population size when many loci are under selection and, thus, with resource abundance.
Legitimacy in clinical practice: How patients with chronic muscle pain position themselves in the physiotherapy encounter
Authors: Ahlsen Birgitte , Mengshoel Anne Marit , Engebretsen Eivind 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims & ObjectivePatients who seek healthcare for long‐lasting pain and symptoms without a detectable disease must put in extra work to be taken seriously and gain recognition as a patient. However, little is known about how patients' help‐seeking is performed in clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to gain knowledge about the ways in which patients with chronic muscle pain position themselves as help‐seekers during their first physiotherapy encounter.MethodThe material consisted of observation of 10 therapist‐patient clinical interviews in primary care clinics and was analyzed using perspectives from discourse theory and the concept of positioning.ResultsThe study highlights how the patients positioned themselves in continually shift between two discourses: that of disease (considering the patient as an object under study) and that of illness (positioning the patient as an active and participating but also troubled individual). This shifting of position was negotiated in interaction with the therapist: patients' opportunities to position themselves within the discourse of illness were limited by therapists' focus on facts and causal relationships within the discourse of disease.ConclusionPatients with chronic muscle pain seek to establish their legitimacy through the positivistic discourse of medicine and also through their compliance with the moral discourse of the patient as someone active, willing to take responsibility for their own health—and therefore worthy of treatment.
Reading Ibn Khaldun in the Formative Period of Sociology
Authors: Alatas Syed Farid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract‘Abd al‐Rahman Ibn Khaldun (1332‐1406), the founder of the science of society, became known to modern sociologists during the formative period of sociology, that is, the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. There was something of a reception of Ibn Khaldun in Europe at that time by sociologists and other scholars who were not necessarily involved with Islamic or West Asian studies. In fact, the reception of Ibn Khaldun by modern scholars in the West can be differentiated into Eurocentric or Orientalist as opposed to more disciplinary attitudes. While much has been said about the Eurocentric reception of Ibn Khaldun, less is discussed about the disciplinary approach to Ibn Khaldun among thinkers who wrote when the modern science of sociology was emerging in Europe. This special issue on Ibn Khaldun in the Formative Period of Sociology provides English translations of six articles originally written in Italian, French, German, Polish, Spanish and Turkish between 1896 and 1934. Not all of these articles were written by sociologists. Together, they provide some background as to how Ibn Khaldun was conceived of in non‐area studies circles, in the social sciences and humanities.
Incidental sun exposures as a source of sunburn among rural compared to urban residents in the United States
Authors: Jewett Patricia I. , Henning‐Smith Carrie , Lazovich DeAnn , Ahmed Rehana L. , Vogel Rachel I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeMelanoma incidence is higher in rural than in urban areas in the United States, possibly due to greater incidental sun exposures from rural outdoor‐focused lifestyles and occupational patterns. Our aim was to compare activities at the time of a sunburn between rural and urban residents.MethodsUtilizing the nationally representative 2019 cross‐sectional Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), we report odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) from logistic regression models comparing self‐reported activities at most recent sunburn among rural versus urban adults.FindingsAbout one‐third of participants (37.2%) reported a sunburn in the past year, higher in urban (38.0%) than in rural populations (32.5%). At the time of most recent sunburn, swimming (36.6%) and working outside a home (29.4%) were the most commonly reported activities. Working on a job (30.4% vs 10.4%; OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.20) or outside the house (38.7% vs 28.1%; OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.33) were more common, while exercising or sunbathing were less common, among rural compared to urban participants.ConclusionsIncidental sun exposures during outdoor‐focused rural occupations and work outside the house may be critical skin cancer prevention targets in rural populations; outdoor exercise and sunbathing may be more important in urban populations; incidental exposures while swimming may be important in both populations.