bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOMAS-R: A template to identify and plan analysis for clinically important variation and multiplicity in diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews
Authors: Mallett Sue , Dinnes Jacqueline , Takwoingi Yemisi , de Ruffano Lavinia Ferrante 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) provides guidance on important aspects of conducting a test accuracy systematic review. In this paper we present TOMAS-R (Template of Multiplicity and Analysis in Systematic Reviews), a structured template to use in conjunction with current Cochrane DTA guidance, to help identify complexities in the review question and to assist planning of data extraction and analysis when clinically important variation and multiplicity is present. Examples of clinically important variation and multiplicity could include differences in participants, index tests and test methods, target conditions and reference standards used to define them, study design and methodological quality. Our TOMAS-R template goes beyond the broad topic headings in current guidance that are sources of potential variation and multiplicity, by providing prompts for common sources of heterogeneity encountered from our experience of authoring over 100 reviews. We provide examples from two reviews to assist users. The TOMAS-R template adds value by supplementing available guidance for DTA reviews by providing a tool to facilitate discussions between methodologists, clinicians, statisticians and patient/public team members to identify the full breadth of review question complexities early in the process. The use of a structured set of prompting questions at the important stage of writing the protocol ensures clinical relevance as a main focus of the review, while allowing identification of key clinical components for data extraction and later analysis thereby facilitating a more efficient review process.
MODIFIED METHOD AND DESIGN OF A POWER BRAKE STAND FOR VEHICLE TESTING
Authors: Blyankinstein Igor M. , Tarasov Pavel M. 
Published: September 2022

The principles of functioning of stands for testing the braking qualities of wheeled vehicles are considered. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. There is a general disadvantage of the most common power brake roller stands in practice – the difference in the shape of the contact spot and the acting forces and reactions of the wheel on the support rollers and in road conditions. As a result of the system analysis of structures, a modified method and design of a power roller stand with an original support device in the form of a horizontally rotating disk are proposed. The description of the principle of implementation of tests on braking qualities and suspension of vehicles is given.
A preliminary analysis of the proposed stand design shows that in a static state, the wheel contact spot on such a disk is completely identical to the wheel spot on a horizontal road surface. When the disc rotates and the brake system is tested, the shape of the wheel contact spot on the support disc will change, but, according to the authors, slightly – similar to how the contact spot changes during the curvilinear movement of the car, characteristic of real operating conditions, but how much this will happen is the subject of further research.
Purpose – development of a method and design of a stand that provides an increase in the reliability of testing the braking qualities of cars under operating conditions.
Methodology system analysis of methods and designs of stands for testing braking qualities and suspension of vehicles, elements of block-modular design.
Results: a patentable design of a power stand is proposed, free from the disadvantages of power roller brake stands.
Practical implications the obtained results should be used in the creation and production of brake stands for monitoring the technical condition, when diagnosing and conducting technical inspections of vehicles under operating conditions.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANISM FOR DETERMINING THE DOWNTIME AT REFUELING COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS OF LPG CARS
Authors: Banket Mikhail V. , Eychler Ivan A. , Zyryanova Svetlana A. 
Published: September 2022

One of the problems that arise during the operation of gas-balloon vehicles running on compressed natural gas is downtime associated with refueling with motor fuel. Accounting for downtime data is a necessary task when solving the issue of vehicle routing in the transportation of goods and passengers. At motor transport enterprises, this factor is often not taken into account or is determined subjectively based on experience and intuition. This fact leads to an increase in unaccounted for costs and a decrease in the profits of enterprises from transportation activities.
To solve this problem, the authors of these studies proposed a method for determining the time for filling an automobile gas cylinder with compressed natural gas (CNG), taking into account factors such as pressure in the gas cylinder before filling, ambient temperature and gas column performance. To implement the proposed methodology in the work of motor transport enterprises, an algorithm was developed for determining the downtime of a gas-balloon vehicle when refueling CNG.
The methodology and algorithm presented in the article formed the basis of the software product developed by the authors for determining the time to fill an automobile gas cylinder with compressed natural gas, which allows automatic calculation in the conditions of a motor transport enterprise. The use of the proposed software product will increase the productivity of operators involved in the accounting of the operating time of vehicles.
Purpose development of a mechanism for recording the downtime of vehicles during the transportation of an automobile gas cylinder with compressed natural gas.
Methodology of the article: mathematical methods, as well as statistical methods of analysis.
Results: A method for determining the time for filling an automobile gas cylinder with compressed natural gas has been developed, an algorithm for determining the downtime of a gas cylinder vehicle when refueling CNG has been developed, a software product has been developed for determining the time for filling an automobile gas cylinder with compressed natural gas
Practical implications: it is advisable to apply the results obtained in the operational planning of the operation of vehicles at enterprises operating rolling stock using CNG as a motor fuel.
AUTOMATION OF THE EQUIPMENT ACCOUNTING PROCESS AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Richter Tatiana V. , Belous Anastasia V. 
Published: September 2022

Currently, the digitalization of the Russian economy involves the automation of the main production processes, including the accounting of equipment at the enterprise, since the use of modern information systems helps to optimize and improve the efficiency of any organization. Digital technologies in the institutional environment of the functioning of enterprises have a radical impact on the level of its sustainable development and competitiveness. One of the effective means aimed at solving these tasks is the C# programming language, as the main application development language for the Microsoft .NET platform.
Purpose. Identification of the capabilities of the object-oriented C# programming language for automating the process of equipment accounting at the enterprise.
Methodology in article used methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of research papers, the importance of which is recognized by the scientific community in the field of automation of the process of equipment accounting at the enterprise.
Results: the possibilities of the object-oriented C# programming language for automating the process of equipment accounting at the enterprise are revealed: user authorization, reporting, viewing databases (directories), using parameterized queries.
Practical implications it is advisable to apply the results obtained by enterprises engaged in production activities for equipment accounting.
Semi-analytic simulation of optical wave propagation through turbulence
Authors: Schmidt Jason D. , Tellez Jason A. , Gbur Gregory J. 
Published: September 2022

Split-step wave-optical simulations are useful for studying optical
propagation through random media like atmospheric turbulence. The
standard method involves alternating steps of paraxial vacuum
propagation and turbulent phase accumulation. We present a
semi-analytic approach to evaluating the Fresnel diffraction integral
with one phase screen between the source and observation planes
and another screen in the observation plane. Specifically, we express
the first phase screen’s transmittance as a Fourier series,
which allows us to bring phase screen effects outside of the Fresnel
diffraction integral, thereby reducing the numerical computations.
This particular setup is useful for simulating astronomical imaging
geometries and two-screen laboratory experiments that emulate real
turbulence with phase wheels, spatial light modulators, etc. Further,
this is a key building block in more general semi-analytic split-step
simulations that have an arbitrary number of screens. Compared with
the standard angular-spectrum approach using the fast Fourier
transform, the semi-analytic method provides relaxed sampling
constraints and an arbitrary computational grid. Also, when a limited
number of observation-plane points is evaluated or when many time
steps or random draws are used, the semi-analytic method can compute
faster than the angular-spectrum method.
Influence of surface roughness on nanosecond laser-induced shock wave enhancement effects
Authors: Chen Lei , Guo Chuan , Liu Zelin , Liu Hao , Chen Minsun , Xu Zhongjie , Zhao Guomin , Han Kai 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, an effective method is proposed for improving the energy of the shock waves that are generated by plasma expanding outward and colliding with another gas. Silicon targets are used as the response medium with roughness of 2.3 nm, 457.8 nm, 1.1 µm, and 37.1 µm, respectively. A 532-nm-laser with a pulse duration of 8 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz is used as the irradiation source. An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) is used to photograph the morphology of the shock waves. The time-resolved emission images of silicon plasma plumes are observed between 20–200 ns. As the surface roughness of the target increases, the intensity of the shock wave gradually increases, and the energy of the shock wave reaches up to 39.45 mJ at a roughness of 37.1 µm.
Simons Observatory: broadband metamaterial antireflection cuttings for
large-aperture alumina optics
Authors: Golec Joseph E. , Sutariya Shreya , Jackson Rebecca , Zimmerman Jerry , Dicker Simon R. , Iuliano Jeffrey , McMahon Jeff , Puglisi Giuseppe , Tucker Carole , Wollack Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

We present the design, fabrication, and
measured performance of
metamaterial antireflection cuttings (ARCs) for large-format alumina
filters operating over more than an octave of bandwidth to be deployed
at the Simons Observatory (SO). The ARC consists of subwavelength
features diced into the optic’s surface using a custom dicing saw with
near-micrometer accuracy. The designs achieve percent-level control
over reflections at angles of incidence up to

20
∘

. The ARCs were demonstrated on four
42 cm diameter filters covering the 75 to 170 GHz band and a 50 mm
diameter prototype covering the 200 to 300 GHz band. The reflection
and transmission of these samples were measured using a broadband
coherent source that covers frequencies from 20 GHz to 1.2 THz. These
measurements demonstrate percent-level control over reflectance across
the targeted pass-bands and a rapid reduction in transmission as the
wavelength approaches the length scale of the metamaterial structure
where scattering dominates the optical response. The latter behavior
enables use of the metamaterial ARC as a scattering filter in this
limit.
Quality of Life in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Different Radiotherapy Techniques after Definitive Chemo Radiotherapy - A Real-World Data Study with Indian Patients
Authors: Akkineni Naga Prasanthi  , Ashwini Gopal  , Sukrutha Boggula  , Heena Kauser  , Vallurupalli Sudhakar Kumar  , Deleep Kumar Gudipudi  , Alluri Krishnam Raju  
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
The standard of care in non-resectable locally advanced head and neck cancer with squamous cell histology is radical radiotherapy (RT) along with concurrent chemotherapy. Previously, these patients were treated with conventional radiotherapy techniques. Such conventional techniques can lead to morbidity with an impact on quality-of-life (QOL) in long-term survivors. Conformal radiotherapy experiences significant improvements in QOL domains versus conventional techniques. Radiotherapy planning and treatment with conformal techniques require advanced and relatively expensive equipment. Our study is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of conventional radiotherapy techniques in terms of quality of life in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients in comparison to the conformal technique in the Indian setting.
METHODS
Sixty patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who received chemo-radiation therapy and came for follow-up after a minimum of two years were scheduled to complete the QOL questionnaire (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35 scores). These scores were compared between the patients who were treated with conventional and conformal techniques.
RESULTS
Results showed that when comparing EORTC QLQ–C30 scoring, patients who were treated with conventional RT had a significantly higher median score for emotional QOL and lower median scores for fatigue, pain, appetite loss, and financial difficulties as compared to the conformal RT group. But only the financial difficulties scale showed a significant p-value. When comparing EORTC QLQ–H&N35 scores, all QLQ-HN35 scores did not show any significant difference, except for speech problems. Patients treated with the conventional technique had a significantly lower median score for speech problems compared to the conformal RT group.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on these results, it is concluded that conventional radiotherapy techniques can be advised to locally advanced head and neck cancer patients when conformal radiotherapy techniques are not available, especially in developing or underdeveloped countries.
Determining the gas accumulation period using fluid inclusion observations: Xiang Zhong Basin, China
Authors: Zhu Wei , Qi Yongdi , Dai Shixin , Shen Mingsu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are a large number of natural gas shows in the Upper Paleozoic of the central Hunan Basin. However, the hydrocarbon accumulation process was complicated due to the strong tectonic reformation in this area. A study of the natural gas accumulation period is of significance for determining gas accumulation models. In this research, the fluid inclusion samples were tested, the fluid inclusion occurrence characteristics, uniform temperature data, and reservoir evolution were analyzed, and four diagenetic periods and four diagenetic periods and three hydrocarbon accumulation periods were identified. (i) For the syntaxial stage, the filling is dark and nonluminous, and the fluid captured by the overgrowing cement around the particles is mainly seawater; (ii) for the (Early) Mesogenetic burial stage, the calcite cement grows around the particles or micritic calcite matrix, and the fluid captured is mainly brine; (iii) for (Late) Mesogenetic burial stage, two sets of decomposed fissures developed in massive calcite colloids with non-luminous gas-rich hydrocarbon inclusions within the crystals; and (iv) for Telogenetic burial stage, weakly fluorescent pure gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions are developed in luminescent calcite veins. The result indicates that the organic inclusions in the Lower Carboniferous of the central Hunan Basin are dominated by weakly fluorescent and nonfluorescent rich gas inclusions and pure gas-phase inclusions, with three stages of hydrocarbon filling. By integrating the average homogenization temperatures on burial curves, the three charging orders correspond to 260–250 Ma during the Late Permian, 249–245 Ma during the Early Triassic, and 208–170 Ma during the Late Triassic. Dense reservoir characteristics reveal deep basin gas reservoir in deep basin.
Optimal sequencing of conventional distillation column train for multicomponent separation system by evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Giri Prashant A. , Mahajan Yogesh S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The best structure of multicomponent separation techniques can be obtained using optimal distillation sequencing. Because distillation sequences contribute significantly to the fixed and operational cost of the entire chemical process, developing a systematic approach for choosing the most appropriate and economic distillation sequences becomes an important field of study. Due to its high dimensional space and combinatorial nature, synthesis of the optimal conventional distillation column sequence is a tough problem in the field of process plant development and optimization. A novel method for the synthesis of an optimal conventional distillation column sequence is suggested in this study. Genetic algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm is at the heart of the proposed method. The Total Annual Cost (TAC) is the main basis used to evaluate alternative configurations. To estimate the total cost of each sequence, rigorous methods are used to design all columns in the sequence. The proposed method’s performance and that of the conventional quantitative approach are compared using the results of a five component benchmark test problem used by researchers in this field. According to the comparison results, the suggested algorithm outclasses the other methods and is more adaptable than other existing approaches.
Non-invasive prenatal paternity testing using mini-STR-based next-generation sequencing: a pilot study
Authors: Song Wenqian , Xiao Nan , Zhou Shihang , Yu Weijian , Wang Ni , Shao Linnan , Liang Xiaohua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the efficacy of a mini-STR-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) method for non-invasive prenatal paternity testing (NIPPT).

Methods
Plasma DNA from 28 pregnant women was extracted and cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA) genotyping was performed at 23 mini-STR loci using the Illumina NextSeq 500 system. For each mini-STR locus, the cffDNA genotype was validated by determining infant DNA genotype. The mini-STR loci with high concordance rates were selected for the comparison of STR genotyping results between cffDNA and biological father DNA or random male DNA for each family.

Results
The biological relationship was identified between alleged fathers and infants in all 28 families using the capillary electrophoresis (CE) method. Moreover, the concordance rates of STR genotypes D5S818, D19S253, and D21S1270 were less than 50% in 23 autosomal STR loci. The STR genotype matching probability was calculated using 20 STR loci with more than 60% concordance rate. There was a significant difference in the STR genotype matching probability between cffDNA and the DNA from the biological father (75–100%) or from random males (25–70%) (p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that mini-STR can be used for NGS-based NIPPT. Furthermore, this method can be used for crime control purposes using the STR data available from the national forensic DNA databases.
Nicht-Direktivität als Leitkategorie in der humangenetischen Beratung in zeithistorischer Betrachtung
Authors: Söhner F. , Rolfes V. , Hofmann W. , Zerres K. , Fangerau H. , Krischel M. 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag beschreiben und analysieren wir auf der Basis von gedruckten Quellen und Oral History Interviews die Frage der Nicht-Direktivität in der humangenetischen Beratung in Deutschland im Zeitraum von 1970 bis 2010. Dabei steht insbesondere die Frage im Fokus, inwieweit die fachwissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Diskurse zu ethischen Fragen in der genetischen Beratung von Fachkundigen wahrgenommen und inwieweit Aspekte der nicht-direktiven Beratung diskutiert wurden. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, maßen Fachkundige nicht nur rückblickend der Autonomie von Ratsuchenden einen hohen Stellenwert bei und lehnten „direktive“ Beratungen zumindest in öffentlichen Positionierungen ab. Ethische Begründungsansätze betrachteten sie hier als zentral.
Proposal for the conversion of Eucalyptus urograndis into bioethanol via acid hydrolysis, using the concepts of biorefineries
Authors: Camargo Sâmique Kyene de Carvalho Araújo , Ventorim Gustavo , Camargo Bruno Silva , Salvador Rodrigo , de Carvalho Araújo Cristiane Karyn , de Carvalho Araújo Camilla Kawane Ceciliano , Henrique Antunes Vieira Fábio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The production of bioethanol from materials of renewable origin is an important matter for a more sustainable economic development, and at the same time it challenges researchers to seek more efficient technologies that can make it viable. Wood is a profitable and advantageous option, with special emphasis on eucalyptus, whose cultivation has high turnover in Brazil, where land is available for this purpose. Therefore, the goal of this research was to optimize the hydrolysis stage using acid instead of enzymes for the conversion of chips of Eucalyptus urograndis into bioethanol, with additional co-production of furfural and commercial lignin, in order to make the process more advantageous. To obtain bioethanol, a pre-treatment adapted from autohydrolysis was performed to remove the hemicelluloses, followed by soda pulping to remove the lignin and, finally, the acid hydrolysis of the β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds between the C1–C4 cellulose carbons releasing β-D-glucose monomers to be fermented into bioethanol. In the acid hydrolysis step, sulfuric acid of concentration 1127 gL−1 was used. After the experimental analyses performed, it could be observed that in acid hydrolysis, treatments using 70 mL and 80 mL of sulfuric acid did not differ statistically in relation to glucose production. However, by increasing the volume of acid to 90 mL, there was an increase in the production of fermentable sugars into bioethanol, 63.7 %, which began decreasing when adding acid above 93 mL, because the excess of acid also caused the degradation of sugars into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF); and in the treatment of 100 mL there was a higher production of HMF. The production of bioethanol proved to be competitive after the fermentation of the sample from the 90 mL treatment with a production of 103.7 L of bioethanol/ton of wood, in addition to being beneficial to the process as a whole with the co-production of furfural, 28.8 kg of furfural ton−1 of wood, and commercial lignin, 428.3 kg of lignin per ton of wood, precursors to various chemicals such as resins, coatings and inks.
Modelling and graphing the Wi-Fi wave field using the shape function
Authors: Trang ThanhTrung , Pham ThanhLong , Hu Yueming , Li Weiguang , Lin Shoujin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article deals with modelling the Wi-Fi wave field, which is not visible to the naked eye, into a mathematical structure for assigning colours to observe the wave strength change compared to the source layout’s location correlation of obstacles in the survey environment. The shape function is used as a tool in modelling combined with finite sample measurement data to determine the basic parameters of the shape function. These will allow the wave field to be modelled using two techniques: the theoretical shape function and the experimental shape function. The measuring tool used in the article is the Wi-Fi Analyzer App that runs on a smartphone. The colour-assigned representation of an invisible field such as a wave will help select the signal maximal or minimization positions most beneficial to the user. The proposal is easily applied in the wave field and other quantities such as temperature, light, and concentration with similar techniques.