bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mating mediates morphophysiological changes in the spermathecae of Coptotermes gestroi queens
Authors: da Silva Iago Bueno , Costa‐Leonardo Ana Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInsect spermathecae play a crucial role in sperm storage and maintenance prior to egg fertilization. Within eusocial insects, this structure is well studied in the Hymenoptera, whose queens copulate during a short period early in life and store sperm for up to decades. Within Isoptera, sperm storage and maintenance inside the spermatheca are poorly understood, especially due to the presence of a sperm‐providing king. Here, we compared the morphometric and morphophysiological features of the spermathecae of virgin and mated queens of the invasive termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The spermatheca comprises a finger‐shaped reservoir divided into two regions and a duct limited by a narrow transition. The superficial spermatheca area, as well as the luminal area, increase significantly after insemination, even among queens whose reproductive activity was reduced, suggesting that sperm storage continues during such conditions. The secretion of proteins and polysaccharides into the spermathecal lumen was a remarkable feature for both virgin and 4‐year‐old queens, although the concentration of the secreted content increased in the latter group. It suggests that spermatheca activation occurs before pairing, but its secretory activity intensifies to nourish and provide energy for the stored spermatozoa. Ultrastructure of the spermathecal epithelium showed a bicellular unit, composed of a secretory cell and associated canal cells. Secretory vesicles of various electron densities were observed next to the receiving canal of the secretory cells in both virgin and 2‐year‐old queens. Nevertheless, strongly electron‐dense vesicles were only recorded for mated queens, which were associated with the increasing synthesis of proteins. The occurrence of rough endoplasmic reticulum and richness of mitochondria reinforces the protein synthesis and transport of contents towards the spermathecal lumen. In conclusion, the spermatheca of C. gestroi undergoes morphometric and physiological changes after mating, and further analysis may provide insights into the chemical nature of the spermathecal secretion prior to and after this event.
Humanizing and dehumanizing intensive care: Thematic synthesis (HumanIC)
Authors: Nielsen Anne Højager , Kvande Monica Evelyn , Angel Sanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCritical illness and the intensive care unit can be a terrifying experience to patients and relatives and they may experience the extreme life‐saving measures as dehumanizing. Humanizing intensive care is often described as holism or dignity, but these abstract concepts provide little bodily resonance to what a humanized attitude is in concrete situations.ObjectiveTo explore what contributes to patients' and relatives' experience of intensive care as humanized or dehumanized.DesignThematic synthesis.MaterialsFindings from 15 qualitative papers describing patients' and/or relatives' perceptions of humanizing or dehumanizing care.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and EMBASE from 1 January 1999 to 20 August 2022 identified 16 qualitative, empirical papers describing patients' and relatives' experiences of humanizing or dehumanizing intensive care, which were assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist, 15 papers were included and analysed using Thematic Synthesis and Ricoeur's model of the text.FindingsIntensive care was humanized when patients felt connected with healthcare professionals, with themselves by experiencing safety and well‐being and with their loved ones. Intensive care was humanized to relatives when the patient was cared for as a unique person, when they were allowed to stay connected to the patient and when they felt cared for in the critical situation.ConclusionPatients and relatives experienced intensive care as humanized when healthcare professionals expressed genuine attention and supported them through their caring actions and when healthcare professionals supported patients' and relatives' opportunities to stay connected in the disrupted situation of critical illness. When healthcare professionals offered a connection to the patients and relatives, this helped them hold on and find meaning.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient and public contribution.
Patulin and LL‐Z1640‐2 induce apoptosis of cancer cells by decreasing endogenous protein levels of Zic family member 5
Authors: Satow Reiko , Watanabe Takeru , Nomura Moeka , Inagaki Shota , Yoneda Atsuko , Fukami Kiyoko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractZic family member 5 (ZIC5) is a transcription factor that promotes the survival of several cancer cell types. As ZIC5 is expressed at minimal levels in normal human adult tissues, it is a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we screened a chemical library containing 3398 compounds that includes pre‐existing drugs and compounds with known effects to identify ZIC5 inhibitors. In the first screening, 18 hit compounds decreased GFP intensity in melanoma A375 cells overexpressing GFP‐tagged ZIC5. In the second screening, five compounds that attenuated ZIC5 protein levels in A375 cells were identified. Among them, LL‐Z1640‐2 and patulin selectively induced apoptosis in melanoma cells expressing ZIC5, while only inducing very low levels of apoptosis in normal human melanocytes, which have no detectable ZIC5 expression. LL‐Z1640‐2 and patulin also induced apoptosis in BRAF inhibitor‐resistant melanoma, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer cells. LL‐Z1640‐2‐ and patulin‐mediated suppression of melanoma proliferation were rescued by ZIC5 overexpression. These results suggest that LL‐Z1640‐2 and patulin are promising compounds that decrease ZIC5 expression to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Blood plasma protein profiles of neuropsychiatric symptoms and related cognitive decline in older people
Authors: Rabl Miriam , Clark Christopher , Dayon Loïc , Bowman Gene L. , Popp Julius 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) severely affect patients and their caregivers, and are associated with worse long‐term outcomes. This study tested the hypothesis that altered protein levels in blood plasma could serve as biomarkers of NPS; and that altered protein levels are associated with persisting NPS and cognitive decline over time. We performed a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study in older subjects with cognitive impairment and cognitively unimpaired in a memory clinic setting. NPS were recorded through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) while cognitive and functional impairment was assessed using the clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (CDR‐SoB) score at baseline and follow‐up visits. Shotgun proteomic analysis based on liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was conducted in blood plasma samples, identifying 420 proteins. The presence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology was determined by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Eighty‐five subjects with a mean age of 70 (±7.4) years, 62% female and 54% with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia were included. We found 15 plasma proteins with altered baseline levels in participants with NPS (NPI‐Q score > 0). Adding those 15 proteins to a reference model based on clinical data (age, CDR‐SoB) significantly improved the prediction of NPS (from receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [AUC] 0.75 to AUC 0.91, p = 0.004) with a specificity of 89% and a sensitivity of 74%. The identified proteins additionally predicted both persisting NPS and cognitive decline at follow‐up visits. The observed associations were independent of the presence of AD pathology. Using proteomics, we identified a panel of specific blood proteins associated with current and future NPS, and related cognitive decline in older people. These findings show the potential of untargeted proteomics to identify blood‐based biomarkers of pathological alterations relevant for NPS and related clinical disease progression.image
The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli
Authors: Sharkova Maria , Chow Erica , Erickson Timothy , Hocking Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSensory neurons use specialized apical processes to perceive external stimuli and monitor internal body conditions. The apical apparatus can include cilia, microvilli, or both, and is adapted for the functions of the particular cell type. Photoreceptors detect light through a large, modified cilium (outer segment), that is supported by a surrounding ring of microvilli‐like calyceal processes (CPs). Although first reported 150 years ago, CPs remain poorly understood. As a basis for future study, we therefore conducted a review of existing literature about sensory cell microvilli, which can act either as the primary sensory detector or as support for a cilia‐based detector. While all microvilli are finger‐like cellular protrusions with an actin core, the processes vary across cell types in size, number, arrangement, dynamics, and function. We summarize the current state of knowledge about CPs and the characteristics of the microvilli found on inner ear hair cells (stereocilia) and cerebral spinal fluid‐contacting neurons, with comparisons to the brush border of the intestinal and renal epithelia. The structure, stability, and dynamics of the actin core are regulated by a complement of actin‐binding proteins, which includes both common components and unique features when compared across cell types. Further, microvilli are often supported by lateral links, a glycocalyx, and a defined extracellular matrix, each adapted to the function and environment of the cell. Our comparison of microvillar features will inform further research into how CPs support photoreceptor function, and also provide a general basis for investigations into the structure and functions of apical microvilli found on sensory neurons.
Not too narrow, not too broad: Linking span of control, leadership behavior, and employee job satisfaction in public organizations
Authors: Jacobsen Christian Bøtcher , Hansen Ane‐Kathrine Lundberg , Pedersen Lars Dahl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow does organizational structure shape the role of leadership? Research emphasizes the negative implications of broad spans of control, but theory and empirical research about the span of control and leadership are sparse. We develop theoretical arguments about the span of control and transformational, transactional, and distributed leadership and argue that employees in units with medium‐sized spans of control observe more leadership and have higher job satisfaction. Furthermore, that span of control can affect leadership behaviors differently. The arguments are tested on multilevel survey data from 393 nursing managers and 1699 nurses in Danish hospitals. We find that employees experience more leadership behavior and higher job satisfaction under medium spans of control compared to narrow and broad spans of control. Consequently, span of control should still be considered an important aspect of organizational design when active leadership behavior and high employee job satisfaction are warranted.
Pro‐choice/pro‐elección versus pro‐life/pro‐vida: Examining abortion identity terms across English and Spanish in the United States
Authors: Solon Megan , LaRoche Kathryn J , Bueno Xiana , Crawford Brandon L , Turner Ronna C , Lo Wen‐Juo , Jozkowski Kristen N 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examine how a sample of English‐ and Spanish‐speaking U.S. adults define the terms pro‐life/pro‐vida and pro‐choice/pro‐elección and explore whether definitions differ by language and/or ethnicity.MethodsWe asked a sample of 1504 English‐ and Spanish‐speaking U.S. adults to define the terms pro‐choice/pro‐elección and pro‐life/pro‐vida in an open‐ended format. We used content and thematic analysis to examine congruence and discordance between how English and Spanish speakers, as well as Latinx and non‐Latinx participants, understand these terms.ResultsThe terms largely appeared to hold common and canonical understandings, but we identified important differences across language and cultural/ethnic groups. For example, Latinx participants opted out of defining the terms more often than non‐Latinx participants, and respondents to the Spanish survey had higher rates of uncertainty about and misunderstanding of the terms than respondents to the English version.ConclusionsOur findings suggest language‐related variability in understandings of the terms pro‐choice/pro‐elección and pro‐life/pro‐vida that could have implications for multilingual and cross‐cultural polling on abortion.
Three-Dimensional Large Eddy Simulations and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of Flow Around a Flexibly Supported Circular Cylinder
Authors: Janocha Marek Jan , Fabricius Lukas Philip , Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of the flow around a cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) at Re = 3900 (defined as Re = U∞D/ v, where U∞ is the inlet flow velocity, D is the diameter of the cylinder and v is the fluid kinematic viscosity) are performed using Large Eddy Simulations (LES). Detailed mesh and time-step convergence studies are carried out for the flow past a stationary cylinder to obtain the optimal mesh and time step. The validation studies are performed by comparing the present results with the previous published experimental data and numerical results to confirm feasibility of the present numerical model for predicting the wake characteristics. The numerical model is then applied to investigate the flow around a self-excited cylinder vibrating in the cross-flow direction at three different reduced velocity. The effects of the reduced velocity are analyzed based on the cross-flow vibration amplitudes, the power spectral densities of lift and drag coefficients and the wake flow coherent structures. Different vortex shedding modes are identified and categorized using the iso-surfaces of the pressure coefficient and the Q-criterion. The dominant 3D wake flow features are extracted and discussed by carrying out the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) for flow velocities on multiple two-dimensional (2D) sampling planes in the wake region. The modes on the XY planes display a traveling-wave behavior and the modes on the XZ planes shows cells of streamwise vortices, which displays the three-dimensionality of the wake flow.
Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Loads on a Concrete Gravity-Based Offshore Structure in Extreme Waves
Authors: Zaman M. Hasanat , Akinturk Ayhan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The oil and gas companies extended their activities in the offshore area of the North Seas. The presence of extreme environmental waves imparts extra risks to the operations of the offshore fixed and floating structures in these areas. The operation and safety of these offshore structures are considerably disturbed during the propagation of large waves over the region. The Newfoundland coast experienced very high waves during an intense ever storm in 2018 that brought waves with very large wave heights at various locations. This paper reports the loadings of such high waves on the shaft of a Gravity-Based Structure (GBS). A 3D non-linear dispersive mass, momentum, and energy model (MME) with second-order in wave amplitudes, and OrcaFlex™, a commercial numerical tool are used for the simulation of loads on the structure. The 3D numerical model describes the characteristics of the wavefield in terms of mass, momentum, and energy flux conservation equations. OrcaFlex™ is a 3D non-linear time-domain finite element implicit and explicit software that uses lumped mass elements to simplify equations, has diffraction capability, and makes the computation efficient. In the simulations, parameters for incident wave conditions are varied systematically to study various cases and data comparisons between the two numerical simulators are made. The geometry of the GBS was kept constant. The water depth is assumed to be 80m and the shaft length is 95m with a diameter of 30m. The simulation is carried out for 3 hours in each case.
New data and information that would be produced from this work are important for possible use in the design method of a GBS and thus increase structural and operational safety exclusively in the harsh environment or in the existence of freak waves.
Numerical Study on Vertical Motions of a Destroyer With Different Speeds in Extreme Seas
Authors: Li Jianxin , Liu Liwei , Zhang Zhiguo , Wang Luqun , Yao Xi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the vertical motions of a typical destroyer, DTMB5512 model, are investigated in extreme seas. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions are carried out for the DTMB5512 model advancing in long crest head waves with three different speeds, where an unsteady Reynold averaged Navier Stokes solver is used coupled with a dynamic overset grid approach. Numerical results are presented for the heave and pitch motions of the DTMB5512 model. To estimate the advancing speed effect on the heave and pitch motion characteristics of the destroyer model, the comparisons of the numerical results between the cases with different speeds are performed with the statistical assessment. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is conducted and the ship motion characteristics in frequency are analyzed. In addition, the response amplitude operators (RAO) for the heave and pitch motions are obtained from the FFT results. The results indicate the significant amplitude of the heave motion increases with the increase of advancing speed but the variation of the pitch motion amplitudes shows a different trend. As the ship speed is small, the significant amplitude of the pitch motion increases first with the increase of the speed and then turns to decrease.
Nonlinear Hydrostatic Restoring Characteristics of a Spar Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Pang Zhengyang , Feng Aichun , Jiang Zhiyu , Shankar Verma Amrit , Chen Ke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Floating wind turbine technologies have worldwide applications. Regarding the wind turbine floater stability, there are three principal design philosophies: ballast-, buoyancy- and mooring-stabilized. Although linear hydrostatic stiffness coefficient has been applied in most hydro-aero-elastic codes, accurate calculation of the nonlinear hydrostatic restoring forces is important for the floating stability evaluation and load. This study selects a 5-megawatt spar floating wind turbine as a representative floater. The nonlinear hydrostatic stiffness coefficient for different heeling angles is analytically calculated and compared against those obtained by a hydrodynamic software, and an excellent match is shown. A sensitivity study is carried out to consider the uncertainties in the hydrostatic stiffness due to varying geometry and weight distribution. The present results can be applied in the time-domain simulations for floating wind turbines.
Two-Phase Flow Induced Vibrations: Methodology Validation – Part 1
Authors: Klinkenberg Arnout , Pereboom Hajo , Belfroid Stefan , Orre Steinar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multiphase flow through pipelines can result in severe pipe vibrations and fatigue damage. Commonly, finite element analyses are used to define the dynamic pipe stresses and calculate the lifetime of the piping. The fluid flow excitation forces can be estimated with analytical models or simulated in detail using computational fluid dynamics. If the vibration amplitudes are small, the fluid structure interaction is modelled uncoupled but additional damping due to fluid structure interaction should be added to the structural damping. When the uncoupled approach can be used, the methodology can be simplified by using random vibration theory in the frequency domain.
The study, where forces and pipe acceleration of a 1″ multiple bend piping system are compared with simulation results, is presented in two papers. In this part (part-1), the focus is on the description of the experimental setup and on the statistical analysis of the data. This includes the statistical description of the measurement to determine how long does one need to measure or simulate to get a statistically converged solution. In addition, a detailed comparison is made between the damage analysis via the Rainflow counting (in the time domain) and the Dirlik damage calculation (from the frequency domain).
Simulated pipe movements of fully coupled numerical simulations and simplified methods, as uncoupling fluid-structure simulations and random vibration estimation are compared with measured pipe movements in a second paper (part-2, OMAE2022-78758).
Study on the Effect of Twin Bow Shape on Ship Resistance Performance
Authors: Lu Chao , Xiang Han , Feng Dakui , Deng Weihua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bow shape affects the waterline inlet angle, waterline length and waterline area, which is significantly affected the ship performance. The structured overlapping grid technique is used to generate the whole computational domain for the towed resistance simulation. A new type of ship bow called ‘twin ship bow’ is designed to decrease the ship resistance. A high-speed ship is taken as the research object. By changing the bow profile of ships, several ship models with different bow filling rate are studied. The numerical simulation of ship resistance with different bow shape is carried out by using in-house URANS code. The SST k-ω turbulence model is employed to close the governing equation, and the finite difference method (FDM) is used for discretization. Before the towed resistance simulation, the grid and time step convergence study are carried out to obtain the numerical uncertainty, which proves the reliability of the numerical method. By comparing the resistance performance of ship models with different bow shape, the effect of bow shape on resistance performance is studied, and the results proved that the ‘twin ship bow’ can decrease the ship resistance.