bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wafer‐Scale Radial Junction Solar Cells with 21.1% Efficiency Using c‐Si Microwires
Authors: Choi Deokjae , Hwang Inchan , Lee Youri , Lee Myounghyun , Um Han‐Don , Seo Kwanyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrowire (MW)‐based radial junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells have great potential as an emerging energy device with an efficiency of over 20%. However, the competitive efficiency of MW‐based c‐Si solar cells in realizing a wafer‐scale device is limiting its commercialization. In this study, the aim is to demonstrate that conventional fabrication techniques can be applied to MW‐based solar cells while not only increasing the size from the lab‐scale to the wafer‐scale but also retaining an efficiency of >20%. Surprisingly, an improvement in open‐circuit voltage and fill factor is observed with an increase in device size, due to the reduction of recombination loss at the device edge. Finally, a successful demonstration of 21.1% efficiency at 4‐inch wafer‐scale (25 cm2) in c‐Si MW solar cell is observed, while an efficiency of 20.6% at a lab‐scale size (1 cm2) is observed.
Challenges of Wafer‐Scale Integration of 2D Semiconductors for High‐Performance Transistor Circuits
Authors: Schram Tom , Sutar Surajit , Radu Iuliana , Asselberghs Inge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge‐area 2D‐material‐based devices may find applications as sensor or photonics devices or can be incorporated in the back end of line (BEOL) to provide additional functionality. The introduction of highly scaled 2D‐based circuits for high‐performance logic applications in production is projected to be implemented after the Si‐sheet‐based CFET devices. Here, a view on the requirements needed for full wafer integration of aggressively scaled 2D‐based logic circuits, the status of developments, and the definition of the gaps to be bridged is provided. Today, typical test vehicles for 2D devices are single‐sheet devices fully integrated in a lab environment, but transfer to a more scaled device in a fab environment has been demonstrated. This work reviews the status of the module development, including considerations for setting up fab‐compatible process routes for single‐sheet devices. While further development on key modules is still required, substantial progress is made for MX2 channel growth, high‐k dielectric deposition, and contact engineering. Finally, the process requirements for building ultra‐scaled stacked nanosheets are also reflected on.
Design, Development, and Testing of Polymeric Microblades: A Novel Design of Microneedles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ebrahiminejad Vahid , Faraji Rad Zahra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConventional microneedles (MNs) are designed as an array of micrometer‐sized projections that can painlessly penetrate the skin. Fabrication of MN arrays can be costly and time‐consuming; additionally, full penetration of an array of MNs with ten to thousands of projections into the skin may not be achievable. This paper reports a new design of MNs known as microblades (MBs) which consist of a singular microstructure. The single integrated design of the MBs reduces the fabrication cost and time, facilitates more effective penetration, and may pave the way for the scale‐up manufacturing of MN devices. Different designs of MBs are fabricated by two‐photon polymerization technique, followed by polydimethylsiloxane micromolding and soft embossing to create replicas. The mechanical integrity of the designs is determined by a series of compression tests. Skin insertion and drug diffusion studies are conducted using a custom‐made applicator to insert the MBs into the porcine abdominal skin to demonstrate delivery of fluorescein tracer. MBs insertion and penetration capabilities and the diffusion of a model drug into a multi‐layered human skin are demonstrated using finite element analysis and 3D diffusion models. The results demonstrate the functional capabilities of the MBs as an alternative to MN arrays.
Quantum Dot/Polymer Bulk Heterostructure Interlayer for Enhanced Charge Collection in AgBiS2 Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Authors: Park Youngsang , Kim Hyoin , Shin Daekwon , Kim Taewan , Choi Mahnmin , Kim Jugyoung , Lee Doh C. , Jeong Sohee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRemarkable progress over the past decade in photovoltaics using solution‐processed nanomaterials as light absorbers has placed colloidal quantum dot (CQD)‐based devices on the map. As such, AgBiS2 CQDs have garnered significant attention as materials exhibiting a high absorptivity with environmentally benign alternatives to Pb‐chalcogenide or Pb halide perovskite‐CQDs. Yet, AgBiS2 CQD‐based solar cells have gravely underperformed compared to Pb‐containing devices, particularly in the metrics of charge carrier extraction from the AgBiS2 absorber, hence its relative mediocrity. To specifically address the extraction efficiency, a bulk heterostructure (QPB) interlayer at the CQD/polymer interface in AgBiS2 CQD solar cells, resulting in an increase of the power conversion efficiency (PCE), e.g., from 5.10% (an average PCE of 4.94 ± 0.11%) to 6.78% (an average PCE of 6.59 ± 0.11%) is deviced. The improved charge extraction at the hole‐collecting interface is responsible for the superior performance, corroborated by high photocurrent (21.5 mA cm–2) and fill factor (67%). The QPB‐interlayered solar cell also gives rise to outstanding durability of the devices, retaining above 95% of the original PCE for 5 months in ambient air. Our strategy based on an eco‐friendly CQD/polymer could provide an effective route for next‐generation optoelectronics with enhanced charge collection and durability.
A Multifunctional Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Highly Luminescent Pure‐Blue Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shin Yun Seop , Ameen Shahid , Oleiki Elham , Yeop Jiwoo , Lee Youngwan , Javaid Saqib , Park Chan Beom , Song Taehee , Yuk Dohun , Jang Hyungsu , Yoon Yung Jin , Lee Woojin , Lee Geunsik , Kim BongSoo , Kim Jin Young 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskite materials have promise to unlock the full potential of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the efficiency of blue emissive PeLEDs still lags behind the green‐ and red‐emitting counterparts. Here, a multifunctional passivating molecule of (2‐(3,6‐dichloro‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (36ClCzEPA) that can form a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is reported. The 36ClCzEPA SAM facilitates hole injection by increasing the work function of ITO through the strong interfacial dipole layer formation at the interface between the perovskite emitter and the ITO electrode. Moreover, it allows a pure‐blue emission and reduces the exciton quenching of luminescence in the perovskite emitter considerably because of its neutral nature, compared to the commonly used acidic PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, chlorine atoms in the 36ClCzEPA promote well‐ordered crystalline 2D perovskite phases and decrease interfacial trap‐assisted deactivation channels by interfacial passivation. These beneficial characteristics of the 36ClCzEPA SAM yield the excellent luminescence property of PeLEDs with a maximum luminance of 1253 cd m−2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 4.80% at 473 nm. This work demonstrates that a well‐designed molecule forming an interfacial SAM can be an important component for enhancing the luminescence property of pure‐blue PeLEDs.
Endohedral funktionalisierte heteroleptische Koordinationskäfige für die Bindung von Phosphatestern
Authors: Platzek André , Juber Selina , Yurtseven Cem , Hasegawa Shota , Schneider Laura , Drechsler Christoph , Ebbert Kristina E. , Rudolf Robin , Yan Qian‐Qian , Holstein Julian J. , Schäfer Lars V. , Clever Guido H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetallosupramolekulare, nanoskopische Wirte, die als selektive Rezeptoren und Katalysatoren dienen können, bestehen in der Regel je aus nur einem Typ organischer Liganden, was die Vielfalt in Bezug auf die Form der Hohlräume und die Dekoration mit funktionellen Gruppen einschränkt. Wir berichten über eine Reihe von heteroleptischen [Pd2A2B2]‐Koordinationskäfigen, die sich aus einer Bibliothek formkomplementärer bis‐monodentater Liganden auf nicht‐statistische Weise bilden. Ligand A besitzt eine nach innen gerichtete NH‐Funktionalität, die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen eingehen und mit Amid‐ und Alkylsubstituenten funktionalisiert werden kann. Die Liganden B bestehen aus trizyklischen aromatischen Grundgerüsten unterschiedlicher Form und elektronischer Beschaffenheit. Die so erhaltenen heteroleptischen Koordinationskäfige wurden auf ihre Fähigkeit untersucht, Phosphatdiester als Gäste zu binden. Es wurden atomistische “Molecular Dynamics” (MD) Simulationen in einem expliziten Lösungsmittel durchgeführt, um den Gastbindungsmechanismus im Einklang mit den experimentell ermittelten Affinitäten zu verstehen.
Modulating Supramolecular Charge‐Transfer Interactions in the Solid State using Compressible Macrocyclic Hosts
Authors: Wu Jia‐Rui , Li Dongxia , Wu Gengxin , Li Meng‐Hao , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModulating intermolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) interactions between specific donor and acceptor species in host–guest systems is a big challenge and full of research value in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. In this work, a strategy to modulate the supramolecular ICT interactions in the solid state is developed by compressing the binding cavity of a macrocyclic host named perethylated leaning pillar[6]arene (p‐EtLP6). The solid‐state ICT affinities ofp‐EtLP6toward multi‐types of electron‐deficient planar guests could be significantly enhanced by transforming the macrocyclic backbone from the originalpara‐bridged mode into a hybridpara‐ andmeta‐bridged isomeric form (m‐EtLP6). X‐ray single‐crystal structural analyses incorporating theoretical calculation demonstrate that the improved ICT affinities are mainly attributed to the superior host–guest size fit arising from the compressed binding cavity inm‐EtLP6as compared withp‐EtLP6.
Algorithmic Explorations of Unimolecular and Bimolecular Reaction Spaces**
Authors: Zhao Qiyuan , Savoie Brett M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlgorithmic reaction exploration based on transition state searches has already made inroads into many niche applications, but its potential as a general‐purpose tool is still largely unrealized. Computational cost and the absence of benchmark problems involving larger molecules remain obstacles to further progress. Here an ultra‐low cost exploration algorithm is implemented and used to explore the reactivity of unimolecular and bimolecular reactants, comprising a total of 581 reactions involving 51 distinct reactants. The algorithm discovers all established reaction pathways, where such comparisons are possible, while also revealing a much richer reactivity landscape, including lower barrier reaction pathways and a strong dependence of reaction conformation in the apparent barriers of the reported reactions. The diversity of these benchmarks illustrate that reaction exploration algorithms are approaching general‐purpose capability.
Biomolecule‐Based Circularly Polarized Luminescent Materials: Construction, Progress, and Applications
Authors: Dai Yankai , Chen Jingqi , Zhao Chuanqi , Feng Lingyan , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChiral materials related to circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) make up a rapidly developing new field that has broad application prospects in optoelectronic devices, selective recognition, biomedicine, and other fields. Biofunctional chiral materials are also attracting increasing attention because of their unique biocompatibility, chiral recognition, and coding. However, there has been little discussion on biomolecule‐based CPL till now. In this Review, the latest progress in CPL materials related with biomolecules are reviewed, including the chiral construction from molecular level to giant microstructure, as well as their emerging applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of bio‐based CPL materials, hoping this work will provide new perspectives and insights for more related research.
The biocomposites properties of compounded poly(lactic acid) with untreated and treated spent coffee grounds
Authors: Xiao Zhi‐Hua , Hou Xu‐Qin , Hwang Shyh‐Shin , Li Hai‐Mei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material. And the spent coffee grounds (SCG) are huge waste all over the world. Therefore, the issue that how to convert the low‐value wastes SCG into more valuable products is attracting more research attention. In this work, we compounded PLA with SCG. Firstly, the efficiency of oil extraction from SCG was compared by different methods and solvents. Then, the biocomposites specimens of different SCG contents (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) were prepared by extrusion and injection molding. The effects of SCG particle size and content on the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. Next, the effect of coupling agent (4,4‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate [MDI]) on the biocomposites properties at 10 wt% SCG was examined by Field emission‐scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PLA composites with the optimal contents are increased by about 50% and 120%, respectively, compared with untreated SCG.
Multi‐Ionic Hydrogel with Outstanding Heat‐to‐Electrical Performance for Low‐Grade Heat Harvesting
Authors: Zhou Yongli , Dong Zixian , He Yongjie , Zhu Wentao , Yuan Youlan , Zeng Haoran , Li Chen , Chen Shanshan , Sun Kuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIonic thermoelectric (i‐TE) materials have attracted much attention due to their ability to generate ionic Seebeck coefficient of tens of millivolts per Kelvin. In this work, we demonstrate that the ionic thermopower can be enhanced by the introduction of multiple ions. The multi‐ionic hydrogel possesses a record thermal‐to‐electrical energy conversion factor (TtoE factor) of 89.6 mV K−1 and an ionic conductivity of 6.8 mS cm−1, which are both better than single salt control hydrogel. Subsequently we build a model to explain thermal diffusion of the ions in multi‐ionic hydrogels. Finally, the possibility of large‐scale integrated applications of multi‐ionic hydrogels is demonstrated. By connecting 7 i‐TEs hydrogels, we obtained an open‐circuit voltage of 1.86 V at ΔT=3 K. Our work provides a new pathway for the design of i‐TEs and low‐grade heat harvesting.
Development of a “turn off–on” whole‐cell biosensor for sulforaphane detection based on the ultrasensitive activator HrpRS
Authors: Li Renjie , Chen Shengyan , Li Yangguang , Chen Xuan , Ye Bang‐Ce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN), a defense secondary metabolite, can be used to predict the health status of plants and also has pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The detection of SFN is therefore of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, a “turn off” whole‐cell biosensor that can rapidly and robustly respond to the presence of SFN was constructed based on the orthogonal genetic components (hrpR, hrpS, and PhrpL) of Pseudomonas syringae (PS). The final optimized biosensor, p114(30R‐30S), was able to inhibit 91.7% of the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 100‐μM SFN. Subsequently, a HrpRS‐regulated OFF–ON genetic switch was designed by reconstituting a reverse σ70 promoter on the σ54‐PhrpL promoter sequence; this was coupled with dual‐color reporter genes to construct a “turn off–on” whole‐cell SFN biosensor. The PhrpLB variant increased the expression of green fluorescence a factor of 11.9 and reduced the expression of red fluorescence by 85.8% compared with the system in the absence of SFN. Thus, a robust switching of signal output from “turn off” to “turn on” was realized. In addition, the biosensor showed good linearity in the SFN concentration ranges of 0.1–10 μM (R2 = 0.99429) and 10–100 μM (R2 = 0.99465) and a detection limit of ~0.1 μM.
Handgrip weakness, systemic inflammation indicators, and overall survival in lung cancer patients with well performance status: A large multicenter observational study
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Zhang Qi , Song Chunhua , Liu Tong , Zhang Xi , Ruan Guotian , Tang Meng , Zhang Xiaowei , Xie Hailun , Zhang Heyang , Ge Yizhong , Li Xiangrui , Zhang Kangping , Yang Ming , Li Qinqin , Liu Xiaoyue , Lin Shiqi , Xu Yu , Li Bo , Li Xiaogang , Wang Kunhua , Xu Hongxia , Li Wei , Shi Hanping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammation and handgrip weakness have been used to predict mortality in many cancers. The purpose of current study was to evaluate the association of co‐occurrence of inflammation indicators and handgrip weakness with overall survival (OS) of lung cancer (LC) patients with good performance status.MethodsThe cutoff points for handgrip strength (HGS) and the four inflammation indicators were calculated using Maxstat. The time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and C‐index were used to select optimal inflammation indicator for predicting OS of LC patients. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to evaluate the association of indicators and the OS of LC patients.ResultsAmong the 1951 patients, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 60.6 ± 9.9 years, and 1300 (66.6%) patients were male. In patients with good performance status (PS), handgrip weakness (HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.30–1.70, p < 0.001) and low advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) (HR, 2.05; 95%CI, 1.79–2.34, p < 0.001), high systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) (HR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.66–2.19, p < 0.001), high platelet: lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (HR, 1.60; 95%CI, 1.40–1.82, p < 0.001), or high neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR, 2.01; 95%CI, 1.76–2.30, p < 0.001) were associated with increased mortality risk of LC patients. ALI had better C‐index (0.624) and time‐AUC in the prediction of OS in LC patients with good PS than other three combinations. The co‐occurrence of handgrip weakness and low ALI more than doubled the risk of death in LC with good PS (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.06–2.89, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn LC patients who have good PS, patients with combined handgrip weakness and low ALI have the worst prognosis.The Trial Registration NumberChiCTR1800020329.
Comparison of the tumor immune microenvironment phenotypes in different breast cancers after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Han Mengxue , Li Jinze , Wu Si , Wu Chun , Yu Yongqiang , Liu Yueping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeoadjuvant therapy (NAT) treats early‐stage breast cancers, especially triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs). NAT improves pathological complete response (pCR) rates for different breast cancer patients. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed death 1 (PD‐1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in combination with NAT have shown antitumor activity in patients with early breast cancer. However, the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in different subtypes of breast cancers, like TNBC, hormone receptor‐positive (HR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplified (HER2+) and its changes by NAT remain to be fully characterized. We analyzed pre‐NAT tumor biopsies from TNBC (n = 27), HR+ (n = 24), and HER2+ (n = 30) breast cancer patients who received NAT, followed by surgery. The different immune makers (PD‐1, PD‐L1, CD3, and CD8) of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were identified with immunofluorescence‐based microenvironment analysis. TILs within cancer parenchyma (iTILs) and in cancer stroma (sTILs) were counted separately. We found that PD‐L1+ cells in tumor and stroma were significantly higher in TNBC patients than in others. PD‐L1+ sTILs were significantly higher in pCR than in non‐pCR patients of all the subtypes. The infiltration scores of B‐cell memory, T‐cell CD4+ memory activated, T‐cell follicular helper, and Macrophage M0 and M1 were relatively higher in TNBC patients, indicating immunoreactive TME in TNBC. Analysis of TCGA‐BRCA RNA‐seq indicated that PD‐L1 was highly expressed in TNBC patients compared with HR+ and HER2+ patients. Higher PD‐L1 expression in TNBC patients was associated with significantly longer overall survival (OS). Our results demonstrated that PD‐L1 expression level of iTILs and sTILs is highest in TNBC among breast cancers. TNBC patients had significantly different immunoreactive TME compared with HR+ and HER2+ patients, suggesting potentially favorable outcomes for immunotherapy in these patients. Also, PD‐L1+ could be a powerful predictor of pCR in TNBC patients after NAT.
A chimeric feeder comprising transforming growth factor beta 1‐ and basic fibroblast growth factor‐primed bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells suppresses the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Kale Vaijayanti P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) physically associate with the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), forming a unique HSC niche. Owing to this proximity, the signaling mechanisms prevailing in the BMSCs affect the fate of the HSCs. In addition to cell−cell and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions, various cytokines and growth factors present in the BM milieu evoke signaling mechanisms in the BMSCs. Previously, I have shown that priming of human BMSCs with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a cytokine consistently found at active sites of hematopoiesis, boosts their hematopoiesis‐supportive ability. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), another cytokine present in the marrow microenvironment, positively regulates hematopoiesis. Hence, I examined whether priming human BMSCs with bFGF improves their hematopoiesis‐supportive ability. I found that bFGF‐primed BMSCs stimulate hematopoiesis, as seen by a significant increase in colony formation from the bone marrow cells briefly interacted with them and the extensive proliferation of CD34+ HSCs cocultured with them. However, contrary to my expectation, I found that chimeric feeders comprising a mixture of TGF‐primed and bFGF‐primed BMSCs exerted a suppressive effect. These data demonstrate that though the TGF‐ and bFGF‐primed BMSCs exert a salutary effect on hematopoiesis when used independently, they exert a suppressive effect when presented as a chimera. These findings suggest that the combinatorial effect of various priming agents and cytokines on the functionality of BMSCs toward the target tissues needs to be critically evaluated before they are clinically applied.