bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency Analysis on Groundwater Consumption and Water Billed to the Community in Kelantan
Authors: Aqilah Fatini Che Ayob Nur , Musa Sabariah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGroundwater use in Malaysia is natural due to its high frequency. The survey study was conducted in northern Kelantan because the problem in this area is the increased use of groundwater, specially sourced from shallow aquifers among the local community. As a result, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the elements that influence the frequency of groundwater consumption and the projected expenses that the community will be responsible for paying in the state. The population of Kelantan was 1.88 million in 2019[1]. The number of people who participated in this survey is 89 people from 10 districts. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) manages and analyses social science data obtained from the study. Studies show that the frequency of using groundwater is high (94.4%) among the community. The cost of electricity bills is low when getting a high percentage value (98.9%) which supports the statement. The “Chi-square” test was used to determine some of the relationships studied, such as groundwater knowledge in the community, frequency of groundwater use, electricity bills charged to each home, and groundwater quality. The results show that the p-value is more effective than 0.05, referring to the relationship between groundwater knowledge and groundwater use. The p-value is also more significant than 0.5, referring to the relationship between groundwater quality and groundwater use.Meanwhile, the relationship between groundwater consumption and electricity bill, knowledge of groundwater benefits with groundwater consumption, and the relationship between groundwater color and odoris less than 0.05. With the study done, it can be proven that groundwater is very high in the community and the bills charged are very cheap and affordable. Therefore, groundwater use needs to be highlighted for its widespread use throughout Malaysia.
Potential Alternative Evapotranspiration Estimation Methods for Batu Pahat Climatic Condition: A Quantitative Comparison
Authors: Kasmin H , Abd Razak K A , Buzaimi A S , Mohd Azman H N , Muhammad Suhaimi A F , Wan Mohamed W A , Rahmat S N , Ahmad N A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Urbanisation had replaced the vegetation and soil cover, increasing heat retention by reducing the benefits of natural cooling mechanisms provided by evapotranspiration. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of the alternative estimation performance for selected evapotranspiration (ET) methods for Batu Pahat station; for further prediction on the changes of future climatic parameters. Since the data is limited, ET0 estimation using temperature-based used are the Thornthwaite, Blaney-Criddle (original) and FAO Blaney-Criddle methods. Standard data formulation based on Batu Pahat latitude for meteorological parameters were used to estimate ET0 using basic radiation-based, the Penman (original) and Turc methods. Correlation results show that all three temperature-based methods estimated a similar range of ET0. For the radiation-based method, the Turc method seems slightly overestimated than the other four methods. However, these estimation needs to be explored further using the benchmark method, i.e., the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith, for the accuracy and reliabilities of these methods. Apart from temperature, it was found that ET0 did not correlate with rainfall and evaporation.
Fluorescence intensity ratio technique and its reliability
Authors: Kesarwani Vishab , Rai Vineet Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present article reports the optical absorption and upconversion (UC) studies of 1.0 mol% Er3+/2.0 mol% Yb3+ doped/codoped glasses prepared by melt-quenching technique. The elements present and the composition of the prepared glass have been confirmed from XPS and XRF analysis respectively. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters have been calculated using the absorption spectrum which is further utilized to predict the nature of Er_O bond, the transition probabilities, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes. The CIE study shows non-colour tunable and highly pure green emission (94.2%). The temperature-dependent UC emission spectra of the 2.0 mol% Yb3+ sensitized glass have been recorded at three different pump power densities to establish a reliable FIR based temperature scale. Furthermore, the Arrhenius fitting of the temperature-dependent spectra reveals low thermal quenching of green luminescence in the codoped glass.
Scalable production of p-MoTe2/n-MoS2 heterostructure array and its application for self-powered photodetectors and CMOS inverters
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Chen Honglei , Sun Yangye , Zhang Simeng , Xia Yin , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng , Li Wenwu , Sun Zhengzong , Bao Wenzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in van der Waals heterostructures have extensively promoted the development of new-generation electronic devices. However, the normally utilized mechanical exfoliation method for preparing two-dimensional semiconductors is not scalable for circuit-level application. Herein, the fabrication and characterization of wafer-scale heterostructure arrays composed of multilayer 2H-MoTe2 and single-layer 2H-MoS2 are demonstrated. Owing to the type-II band alignment facilitating efficient electron–hole separation, the devices fabricated by the p-MoTe2/n-MoS2 heterostructure exhibit an excellent gate-tunable PN diode behavior, with a rectification ratio of over 103 and a self-powered photocurrent with a remarkable on–off ratio of ∼103 at a zero bias voltage. Complementary inverter arrays based on p-MoTe2/n-MoS2 are also demonstrated. The scalable production of p–n junction devices and complementary inverters paves the way for future integrated platforms in photoelectric detection and logic computation.
The information-theoretic foundation of thermodynamic work extraction
Authors: Marletto Chiara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper I demonstrate a novel distinction between work and heat, in terms of the distinguishability of states. Specifically, I show that if it is possible to extract different amounts of work deterministically from a physical system prepared in any one of a set of states, then those states must be distinguishable from one another. This result is formulated independently of scale and of particular dynamical laws; it also provides a novel connection between thermodynamics and information theory, established via the law of conservation of energy. This connection, unlike the well-known one between information and the second law, is exact, i.e., it does not depend on coarse-graining or ensemble approximation. Albeit compatible with these conclusions, existing thermodynamics approaches cannot provide a result of such generality, because they are scale-dependent (relying on ensembles or coarse-graining) or tied to particular dynamical laws. This result provides a foundation for thermodynamics that is both broader and more secure than existing ones, with implications for the theory of von Neumann’s universal constructor.
Ternary metal oxide substrates for superconducting circuits
Authors: Degnan Zach , He Xin , Frieiro Alejandro Gomez , Sachkou Yauhen P , Fedorov Arkady , Jacobson Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Substrate material imperfections and surface losses are one of the major factors limiting superconducting quantum circuitry from reaching the scale and complexity required to build a practical quantum computer. One potential path towards higher coherence of superconducting quantum devices is to explore new substrate materials with a reduced density of imperfections due to inherently different surface chemistries. Here, we examine two ternary metal oxide materials, spinel (MgAl2O4) and lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3), with a focus on surface and interface characterization and preparation. Devices fabricated on LaAlO3 have quality factors three times higher than those of earlier devices, which we attribute to a reduction in the interfacial disorder. MgAl2O4 is a new material in superconducting quantum devices, and even in the presence of significant surface disorder, it consistently outperforms LaAlO3. Our results highlight the importance of materials exploration, substrate preparation, and characterization for identifying materials suitable for high-performance superconducting quantum circuitry.
Efficient nanozyme engineering for antibacterial therapy
Authors: Feng Yonghai , Chen Funing , Rosenholm Jessica M , Liu Lei , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a huge threat to human health. It is urgent to explore efficient ways to suppress the spread of AMR. Antibacterial nanozymes have become one of the powerful weapons to combat AMR due to their enzyme-like catalytic activity with a broad-spectrum antibacterial performance. However, the inherent low catalytic activity of nanozymes limits their expansion into antibacterial applications. In this regard, a variety of advanced chemical design strategies have been developed to improve the antimicrobial activity of nanozymes. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of advanced strategies to engineer efficient nanozymes for fighting against AMR, which can be mainly classified as catalytic activity improvement, external stimuli, bacterial affinity enhancement, and multifunctional platform construction according to the basic principles of engineering efficient nanocatalysts and the mechanism of nanozyme catalysis. Moreover, the deep insights into the effects of these enhancing strategies on the nanozyme structures and properties are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of antibacterial nanozymes are discussed for their future clinical potential.
Coupling cognitive and brainstem dysfunction in multiple sclerosis-related chronic neuropathic limb pain
Authors: Foley Peter , Kong Yazhuo , Dirvanskiene Ramune , valdes-Hernandez Maria , Bastiani Matteo , Murnane Jonathan , Sellar Robin , Roberts Neil , Pernet Cyril , Weir Christopher , Bak Thomas , Colvin Lesley , Chandran Siddharthan , Fallon Marie , Tracey Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic pain in multiple sclerosis is common and difficult to treat. Its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system is known to contribute to human chronic pain conditions. However, it is not clear how alterations in executive function influence this network, despite healthy volunteer studies linking function of the descending pain modulatory system, to cognition. In adults with multiple sclerosis-associated chronic neuropathic limb pain, compared to those without pain, we hypothesized altered functional connectivity of the descending pain modulatory system, coupled to executive dysfunction. Specifically we hypothesized reduced mental flexibility, because of potential importance in stimulus reappraisal. To investigate these hypotheses, we conducted a case-control cross-sectional study of 47 adults with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (31 with chronic neuropathic limb pain, 16 without pain), employing clinical, neuropsychological, structural, and functional MRI measures. We measured brain lesions and atrophy affecting descending pain modulatory system structures. Both cognitive and affective dysfunctions were confirmed in the chronic neuropathic limb pain group, including reduced mental flexibility (Delis Kaplan Executive Function System card sorting tests P &lt; 0.001). Functional connectivity of rostral anterior cingulate and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, key structures of the descending pain modulatory system, was significantly lower in the group experiencing chronic neuropathic pain. There was no significant between-group difference in whole-brain grey matter or lesion volumes, nor lesion volume affecting white matter tracts between rostral anterior cingulate and periaqueductal gray. Brainstem-specific lesion volume was higher in the chronic neuropathic limb pain group (P = 0.0017). Differential functional connectivity remained after correction for brainstem-specific lesion volume. Gabapentinoid medications were more frequently used in the chronic pain group. We describe executive dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis affected by chronic neuropathic pain, along with functional and structural MRI evidence compatible with dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system. These findings extend understanding of close inter-relationships between cognition, function of the descending pain modulatory system, and chronic pain, both in multiple sclerosis and more generally in human chronic pain conditions. These findings could support application of pharmacological and cognitive interventions in chronic neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
Presurgical temporal lobe epilepsy connectome fingerprint for seizure outcome prediction
Authors: Morgan Victoria L , Sainburg Lucas E , Johnson Graham W , Janson Andrew , Levine Kaela K , Rogers Baxter P , Chang Catie , Englot Dario J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy presents a unique situation where confident clinical localization of the seizure focus does not always result in a seizure-free or favourable outcome after mesial temporal surgery.In this work, magnetic resonance imaging derived functional and structural whole-brain connectivity was used to compute a network fingerprint that captures the connectivity profile characteristics that are common across a group of nine of these patients with seizure-free outcome. The connectivity profile was then computed for 38 left-out patients with the hypothesis that similarity to the fingerprint indicates seizure-free surgical outcome. Patient profile distance to the fingerprint was compared with 1-year seizure outcome and standard clinical parameters. Distance to the fingerprint was higher for patients with Engel III–IV 1-year outcome compared with those with Engel Ia, Ib-d, and II outcome (Kruskal–Wallis, P &lt; 0.01; Wilcoxon rank-sum pcorr &lt;0.05 Bonferroni-corrected). Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity in identifying patients with Engel III–IV outcome based on distance to the fingerprint in the left-out patients. Furthermore, distance to the fingerprint was not related to any individual clinical parameter including age at scan, duration of disease, total seizure frequency, presence of mesial temporal sclerosis, lateralizing ictal, interictal scalp electroencephalography, invasive stereo-encephalography, or positron emission tomography. And two published algorithms utilizing multiple clinical measures for predicting seizure outcome were not related to distance to the fingerprint, nor predictive of seizure outcome in this cohort. The functional and structural connectome fingerprint provides quantitative, clinically interpretable and significant information not captured by standard clinical assessments alone or in combinations. This automated and simple method may improve patient-specific prediction of seizure outcome in patients with a clinically identified focus in the mesial temporal lobe.
Protection of Messenger RNA Vaccines Against Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Adults Over the First Year Following Authorization in the United States
Authors: Tenforde Mark W , Self Wesley H , Zhu Yuwei , Naioti Eric A , Gaglani Manjusha , Ginde Adit A , Jensen Kelly , Talbot H Keipp , Casey Jonathan D , Mohr Nicholas M , Zepeski Anne , McNeal Tresa , Ghamande Shekhar , Gibbs Kevin W , Files D Clark , Hager David N , Shehu Arber , Prekker Matthew E , Erickson Heidi L , Gong Michelle N , Mohamed Amira , Johnson Nicholas J , Srinivasan Vasisht , Steingrub Jay S , Peltan Ithan D , Brown Samuel M , Martin Emily T , Monto Arnold S , Khan Akram , Hough Catherine L , Busse Laurence W , Lohuis Caitlin ten , Duggal Abhijit , Wilson Jennifer G , Qadir Nida , Chang Steven Y , Mallow Christopher , Rivas Carolina , Babcock Hilary M , Kwon Jennie H , Exline Matthew C , Botros Mena M , Lauring Adam S , Shapiro Nathan I , Halasa Natasha , Chappell James D , Grijalva Carlos G , Rice Todd W , Jones Ian D , Stubblefield William B , Baughman Adrienne , Womack Kelsey N , Rhoads Jillian P , Lindsell Christopher J , Hart Kimberly W , Turbyfill Caitlin , Olson Samantha , Murray Nancy , Adams Katherine , Patel Manish M ,   for the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were authorized in the United States in December 2020. Although vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild infection declines markedly after several months, limited understanding exists on the long-term durability of protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalization.

Methods
Case-control analysis of adults (≥18 years) hospitalized at 21 hospitals in 18 states 11 March–15 December 2021, including COVID-19 case patients and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction–negative controls. We included adults who were unvaccinated or vaccinated with 2 doses of a mRNA vaccine before the date of illness onset. VE over time was assessed using logistic regression comparing odds of vaccination in cases versus controls, adjusting for confounders. Models included dichotomous time (&lt;180 vs ≥180 days since dose 2) and continuous time modeled using restricted cubic splines.

Results
A total of 10 078 patients were included, 4906 cases (23% vaccinated) and 5172 controls (62% vaccinated). Median age was 60 years (interquartile range, 46–70), 56% were non-Hispanic White, and 81% had ≥1 medical condition. Among immunocompetent adults, VE &lt;180 days was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88–91) versus 82% (95% CI, 79–85) at ≥180 days (P &lt; .001). VE declined for Pfizer-BioNTech (88% to 79%, P &lt; .001) and Moderna (93% to 87%, P &lt; .001) products, for younger adults (18–64 years) (91% to 87%, P = .005), and for adults ≥65 years of age (87% to 78%, P &lt; .001). In models using restricted cubic splines, similar changes were observed.

Conclusions
In a period largely predating Omicron variant circulation, effectiveness of 2 mRNA doses against COVID-19–associated hospitalization was largely sustained through 9 months.
Custodiol-N versus Custodiol: a prospective randomized double-blind multicentre phase III trial in patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Szabó Gábor , Brlecic Paige , Loganathan Sivakkanan , Wagner Florian , Rastan Ardawan , Doenst Torsten , Karck Matthias , Veres Gábor 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
HTK-Solution (Custodiol) is a well-established cardioplegic and organ preservation solution. We currently developed a novel HTK-based solution, Custodiol-N, which includes iron chelators to reduce oxidative injury, as well as l-arginine, to improve endothelial function. In this first-in-human study, Custodiol-N was compared to Custodiol in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. The aim of this comparison was to evaluate the safety and ability of Custodiol-N to protect cardiac tissue.

METHODS
The study was designed as a prospective randomized double-blind non-inferiority trial. Primary end point was area under the curve (AUC) of creatine kinase muscle-brain (CK-MB) within the first 24 h after surgery. Secondary end points included peak CK-MB and troponin-T and AUC of troponin-T release, cardiac index, cumulative catecholamine dose, intensive care unit stay and mortality. All values in the abstract are given as mean ± SD, P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS
Early termination of the trial was performed per protocol as the primary non-inferiority end-point was reached after inclusion of 101 patients. CK-MB AUC (878±549 vs 779±439 h U/l, non-inferiority P &lt; 0.001, Custodiol vs Custodiol-N) and troponin-T AUC (12990±8347 vs 13498±6513 h pg/ml, noninferiority P &lt; 0.001, Custodiol vs Custodiol-N) were similar in both groups. Although the trial was designed for non-inferiority, peak CK-MB (52±40 vs 42±28 U/l, superiority P &lt; 0.03, Custodiol vs Custodiol-N) was significantly lower in the Custodiol-N group.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that Custodiol-N is safe and provides similar cardiac protection as the established HTK-Custodiol solution. Significantly reduced peak CK-MB levels in the Custodiol-N group in the full analysis set may implicate a beneficial effect on ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the setting of coronary bypass surgery.
Parsimonious risk model for predicting mortality after surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease
Authors: Yun Jae Kwang , Lee Geun Dong , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Kim Yong-Hee , Kim Dong Kwan , Park Seung-Il , Choi Sehoon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To develop a risk model for predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients with interstitial lung disease undergoing surgical lung biopsy.

METHODS
From 2004 to 2019, patients who underwent surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease were included in this study. Based on the findings of the multivariable analysis using preoperative clinical variables, a risk model for predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity was developed.

RESULTS
During the study period, 1177 patients were enrolled. Among them, morbidity and mortality occurred in 45 (3.8%) and 29 (2.5%) patients, respectively, which gradually declined over time from 8.9% in 2004–2005 to 0% in 2018–2019. In the final multivariable analysis, the dyspnoea grade, a forced vital capacity of ≤60%, preoperative oxygen therapy and preoperative intensive care unit stay were found to be the independent factors associated with both morbidity and mortality; smoking &gt;40 pack-years was additionally identified as a factor related to mortality. Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide ≤50%, which was a significant factor in the univariable analysis, became insignificant after adjustment for the forced vital capacity in the multivariable analysis. The risk scoring system based on this model showed a good discriminant ability for both morbidity [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval): 0.830 (0.726–0.932)] and mortality [0.887 (0.804–0.975)].

CONCLUSIONS
We developed a scoring system for predicting the risk of morbidity and mortality, which could help determine surgical candidates for lung biopsy among patients with interstitial lung disease.
Evolution and functional diversification of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in plants
Authors: Wu Yun , Wen Jing , Xia Yiping , Zhang Liangsheng , Du Hai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractR2R3-MYB genes (R2R3-MYBs) form one of the largest transcription factor gene families in the plant kingdom, with substantial structural and functional diversity. However, the evolutionary processes leading to this amazing functional diversity have not yet been clearly established. Recently developed genomic and classical molecular technologies have provided detailed insights into the evolutionary relationships and functions of plant R2R3-MYBs. Here, we review recent genome-level and functional analyses of plant R2R3-MYBs, with an emphasis on their evolution and functional diversification. In land plants, this gene family underwent a large expansion by whole genome duplications and small-scale duplications. Along with this population explosion, a series of functionally conserved or lineage-specific subfamilies/groups arose with roles in three major plant-specific biological processes: development and cell differentiation, specialized metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The rapid expansion and functional diversification of plant R2R3-MYBs are highly consistent with the increasing complexity of angiosperms. In particular, recently derived R2R3-MYBs with three highly homologous intron patterns (a, b, and c) are disproportionately related to specialized metabolism and have become the predominant subfamilies in land plant genomes. The evolution of plant R2R3-MYBs is an active area of research, and further studies are expected to improve our understanding of the evolution and functional diversification of this gene family.