bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐dependent and environment‐mediated shifts in leaf traits of a deciduous tree species in a subtropical forest
Authors: Zheng Jie , Jiang Ya , Qian Hong , Mao Yanjiao , Zhang Chao , Tang Xiaoxin , Jin Yi , Yi Yin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsUnderstanding the joint effects of plant development and environment on shifts of intraspecific leaf traits will advance the understandings of the causes of intraspecific trait variation. We address this question by focusing on a widespread species Clausena dunniana in a subtropical broad‐leaved forest.MethodsWe sampled 262 individuals of C. dunniana at two major topographic habitat types, the slope and hilltop, within the karst forests in Maolan Nature Reserve in southwestern China. We measured individual plant level leaf traits (i.e., specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, leaf dry‐matter content (LDMC), and leaf thickness) that are associated with plant resource‐use strategies. We adopted a linear mixed‐effects model in which the plant size (i.e., the first principal component of plant basal diameter and plant height) and environmental factors (i.e., topographic habitat, canopy height, and rock‐bareness) were used as independent variables, to estimate their influences on the shifts of leaf traits.Key ResultsWe found that (1) plant size and the environmental factors independently drove the intraspecific leaf trait shifts of C. dunniana, of which plant size explained less variances than environmental factors. (2) With increasing plant size, C. dunniana individuals had increasingly smaller SLA but larger sized leaves. (3) The most influential environmental factor was topographic habitat; it drove the shifts of all the four traits examined. Clausena dunniana individuals on hilltops had leaf traits representing more conservative resource‐use strategies (e.g., smaller SLA, higher LDMC) than individuals on slopes. On top of that, local‐scale environmental factors further modified leaf trait shifts.ConclusionsPlant size and environment independently shaped the variations in intraspecific leaf traits of C. dunniana in the subtropical karst forest of Maolan. Compared with plant size, the environment played a more critical role in shaping intraspecific leaf trait variations, and potentially also the underlying individual‐level plant resource‐use strategies.
Seedling survival simultaneously determined by conspecific, heterospecific, and phylogenetically related neighbors and habitat heterogeneity in a subtropical forest in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Teng‐He , Huang Chun‐Lin , Lin Yi‐Ching , Sun I‐Fang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDensity dependence and habitat heterogeneity have been recognized as important driving mechanisms that shape the patterns of seedling survival and promote species coexistence in species‐rich forests. In this study, we evaluated the relative importance of density dependence by conspecific, heterospecific, and phylogenetically related neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on seedling survival in the Lienhuachih (LHC) Forest, a subtropical, evergreen forest in central Taiwan. Age‐specific effects of different variables were also studied. We monitored the fates of 1,642 newly recruited seedlings of woody plants within a 25‐ha Forest Dynamics Plot for 2 years. The effects of conspecific, heterospecific, and phylogenetically related neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on seedling survival were analyzed by generalized linear mixed models. Our results indicated that conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) had a strong impact on seedling survival, and the effects of CNDD increased with seedling age. Heterospecific positive density dependence (HPDD) and phylogenetic positive density dependence (PPDD) had a significant influence on the survival of seedlings, and stronger HPDD and PPDD effects were detected for older seedlings. Furthermore, seedling survival differed among habitats significantly. Seedling survival was significantly higher in the plateau, high‐slope, and low‐slope habitats than in the valley. Overall, our results suggested that the effects of CNDD, HPDD, PPDD, and habitat heterogeneity influenced seedling survival simultaneously in the LHC subtropical forest, but their relative importance varied with seedling age. Such findings from our subtropical forest were slightly different from tropical forests, and these contrasting patterns may be attributed to differences in abiotic environments. These findings highlight the importance to incorporate phylogenetic relatedness, seedling age, and habitat heterogeneity when investigating the impacts of density dependence on seedling survival that may contribute to species coexistence in seedling communities.
Extending the application potential of capillary electrophoresis/frontal analysis for drug‐plasma protein studies by combining it with mass spectrometry detection
Authors: Mlčochová Hana , Michalcová Lenka , Glatz Zdeněk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCE/frontal analysis (CE/FA) is probably one of the most frequently used modes of CE for studying affinity interactions. It is typically performed with classic UV‐Vis detection that suffers from low concentration sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, the applicability of CE/FA in combination with ESI‐MS detection for the investigation of drug–HSA interactions was demonstrated. The developed new method combines the advantages of CE/FA, such as low sample consumption and no labeling or immobilization of interacting partners, with the benefits of MS detection, such as higher selectivity and sensitivity; moreover, it can be used for molecules lacking a fluorophore or chromophore. The binding parameters of tolbutamide (TL) and glimepiride (GLP), first‐ and second‐generation antidiabetics that differ strongly in their solubility in aqueous solutions, were investigated by this CE/FA‐MS method. This method, in contrast to the CE/FA method with the most commonly used UV‐Vis detection, is more sensitive; an almost three times lower LOD was reached. The binding parameters of TL and GLP were investigated by this CE/FA‐MS method and compared with the literature data. The binding constant value of TL obtained by UV‐Vis detection was lower than the value obtained by the method hyphenated with MS detection, which is probably given by the influence of the ESI parameters on the stability of drug–HSA complex. In addition, the ratio of TL and HSA concentrations was divergent in both of the experimental approaches. Finally, it can be concluded that both detection methods have their strengths and weaknesses.
An integrated plastic microchip for enhancing electrophoretic separation using tunable pressure‐driven backflows
Authors: Liu Yulan , Xia Ling , Xiao Xiaohua , Li Gongke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic CE (MCE) is an effective solution for rapid and sensitive determination of multiple analytes. Herein, a dynamic coated cyclic olefin copolymer microchip was developed having an on‐chip micropump for fluid velocity adjusting in electrophoretic separations. This micropump was fabricated by constructing a polyacrylamide gel membrane at one channel terminal. Once applying electric field across the membrane, a pressure‐driven flow generated automatically to balance the electroosmotic flow (EOF) mismatch at the channel‐membrane interface. The influence of gel precursor concentration and operating voltages on the fluid velocity was carefully evaluated. Moreover, the highly integration of injection, separation, and pumping units of the MCE system minimized the dead volume and provides satisfied column efficiency. Experiments showed that by adjusting of pumping voltage reduced the fluid velocity by a factor of 6, resulting six‐ and threefold resolving power enhancements of rhodamine dye mixture and amino acid mixture, respectively. Furthermore, the developed MCE method was applied for rhodamines and amino acids quantitation in food and cosmetics, with standard addition recoveries of 87.3–106.9% and 89.9–117.4%, respectively. These results were also confirmed by standard HPLC method, revealing the application potential in fast and onsite analysis of complex samples.
Polymer coating with gradient‐dispersed dielectric nanoparticles for enhanced daytime radiative cooling
Authors: Fu Yang , An Yidan , Xu Yunkun , Dai Jian‐Guo , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolymeric coatings with randomly distributed dielectric nanoparticles have attracted intensive attention in the passive daytime radiative cooling application. Here, we propose a modified Monte–Carlo method for investigating the spectral response and cooling performance of polymer coating with gradient‐dispersed nanoparticles. Using this method, we carry out a quantitative analysis on the solar reflectance, infrared emittance and cooling power of four categories of gradient structures. It is shown that the gradient profile of particle distribution at the near‐surface region has a significant influence on the overall performance of the coatings. Compared to a randomly distributed structure, the downward size‐gradient structure exhibits superiority in both solar reflectance and cooling power. The presented gradient design, also applicable to porous structures, provides an effective and universal strategy for significantly improving the cooling performance of radiative cooling coatings.image
Assembling metal‐polyphenol coordination interfaces for longstanding zinc metal anodes
Authors: Huyan Yu , Wang Jian‐Gan , Tian Shan , Ren Lingbo , Liu Huanyan , Wei Bingqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZn metals have gained the immense attention of researchers for their wide employment as the anode of high‐performance aqueous batteries. Nonetheless, the Zn anodes suffer from uncontrollable dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions, which substantially shorten the battery lifespan. This study proposes an interfacial assembly of a metal‐polyphenol coordination coating on Zn anodes to regulate Zn2+ deposition behavior. Bismush‐coordinated polyphenolic ligands (i.e., tannic acid, TA) create a functional interface that could promote Zn's uniform nucleation and plating/striping kinetics. Moreover, the artificial coating acts as a physical barrier to inhibit surface corrosion. As a consequence, the TA‐Bi‐modified Zn anodes display a small voltage hysteresis of ~38 mV at 1 mA cm−2 over 2600 h and an ultra‐long lifespan for 3100 h (~4.3 months) even at a high‐current density of 10 mA cm−2. When assembled with a vanadium‐based cathode, the full Zn‐ion batteries achieve improved electrochemical performance.
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Defect object detection algorithm for electroluminescence image defects of photovoltaic modules based on deep learning
Authors: Meng Ziyao , Xu Shengzhi , Wang Lichao , Gong Youkang , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhao Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisual inspection of photovoltaic modules using electroluminescence (EL) images is a common method of quality inspection. Because human inspection requires a lot of time, object detection algorithm to replace human inspection is a popular research direction in recent years. To solve the problem of low accuracy and slow speed in EL image detection, we propose a YOLO‐based object detection algorithm YOLO‐PV, which achieves 94.55% of AP (average precision) on the photovoltaic module EL image data set, and the interference speed exceeds 35 fps. The improvement of speed and accuracy benefits from the targeted design of the network architecture according to the characteristics of EL image. First, we weaken the backbone's ability to extract deep‐level information so that it can focus on extracting the low‐level defect information. Second, the PAN network is used for feature fusion in the Neck part. But, only the single‐size feature map output is retained, which significantly reduces the amount of calculation. Also, we analyze the impact of data enhancement methods on model overfitting and performance. Finally, we give effective data enhancement methods. The results show that the object detection algorithm in this paper can meet the requirements for high‐precision and real‐time processing on the PV module production line.
Individual and Combined Effects of Manganese and Chromium on a Freshwater Chlorophyceae
Authors: Alho Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves , Gebara Renan Castelhano , Mansano Adrislaine da Silva , Rocha Giseli Swerts , Melão Maria da Graça Gama 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential metal in trace amounts, and chromium (Cr), a nonessential metal to algae, are often found in effluent discharges and may co-occur in contaminated aquatic environments. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Mn and Cr, and their mixtures, on a freshwater Chlorophyceae, Raphidocelis subcapitata, using a multiple endpoint approach. Regarding the single exposure of metals, Mn was 4 times more toxic (median inhibitory concentration at 72 h [IC5072 h] = 4.02 ± 0.45 µM Mn) than Cr (IC5072 h = 16.42 ± 4.94 µM Cr) for microalgae, considering the effects on the relative growth rate. Moreover, this species was the most sensitive to Mn, according to the species sensitivity distribution curve. Overall, the tested metals did not lead to significant changes in reactive oxygen species production, cellular complexity, and cell relative size but significantly decreased the algal growth and the mean cell chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence at the highest concentrations (3.64–14.56 µM of Mn and 15.36–19.2 µM of Cr). The decreased mean cell Chl a fluorescence indicates an impact on pigment synthesis, which may be related to the observed growth inhibition. In the mixture tests, the reference models concentration addition and independent action were used to analyze the data, and the independent action model was the best fit to describe our results. Therefore, the Mn and Cr mixture was noninteractive, showing additive effects. This is the first study to address the combined toxicity of Mn and Cr regarding freshwater Chlorophyceae. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1004–1015. © 2022 SETAC
Developing a novel direct liquid fuel cell based on pulping liquors
Authors: Oliveira Raisa C.P. , Jeremias Maria J. , Mateus Maria Margarida , Santos Diogo M.F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work reports preliminary studies to develop new direct liquid fuel cells that employ two by‐products from kraft and sulfite pulp mills as the fuel, namely kraft black liquor (BL) and spent sulfite liquor (SSL). The composition and properties of BL and SSL are characterized, being determined a conductivity 40 times higher for BL than for SSL. The performance of the BL fuel cell (BLFC) and the SSL fuel cell (SSLFC) is assessed employing 5 M hydrogen peroxide solution as the oxidant at different pH values. For the BLFC, an anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) is used, and for the SSLFC, both AEM and cation‐exchange membrane (CEM) are tested. Different parameters that characterize the fuel cell performance (e.g., peak power density) are determined and compared with similar wastewater‐based fuel cells described in the literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time two pulp mill by‐products (BL and SSL) are reported as fuels for application in fuel cells.
Poor treatment tolerance in head and neck cancer patients with low muscle mass
Authors: Mascarella Marco A. , Patel Terral , Vendra Varun , Gardiner Lauren , Kergoat Marie‐Jeanne , Kubik Mark W. , Solari Mario G. , Snyderman Carl H. , Traylor Katie S. , Ferris Robert L. , Kim Seungwon , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Sridharan Shaum S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe ascertain the role of a low cervical paraspinal skeletal muscle index (CPSMI) as a biomarker for poor treatment tolerance in patients with operable mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsA prospective cohort of patients with operable HNSCC requiring microvascular reconstruction was evaluated. Low CPSMI was calculated using preoperative CT neck imaging. Poor treatment tolerance, a composite measure of incomplete therapy or severe morbidity/mortality during treatment, was the primary outcome.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐seven patients underwent extirpative surgery with a mean age was 60.5. Poor treatment tolerance occurred in 71 (56%) patients with 21 not completing recommended adjuvant therapy and 66 having severe treatment‐related morbidity. A low CPSMI was independently associated with poor treatment tolerance (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.10–5.93) and delay to adjuvant therapy (OR 4.48, 95%CI 1.07–27.6) after adjusting for multiple confounders.ConclusionLow CPSMI was independently associated with poor treatment tolerance in patients with operable HNSCC.
Hepatocyte TGF‐β Signaling Inhibiting WAT Browning to Promote NAFLD and Obesity Is Associated With Let‐7b‐5p
Authors: Zhao Jinfang , Hu Lilin , Gui Wenfang , Xiao Li , Wang Weijun , Xia Jing , Fan Huiqian , Li Zhonglin , Zhu Qingjing , Hou Xiaohua , Chu Huikuan , Seki Ekihiro , Yang Ling 
Published: January 2022

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling in hepatocytes promotes steatosis and body weight gain. However, processes that TGF‐β signaling in hepatocytes promote pathological body weight gain in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are incompletely understood. Obesity and NAFLD were induced by 16 weeks of feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) in hepatocyte‐specific TGF‐β receptor II–deficient (Tgfbr2ΔHEP
) and Tgfbr2flox/flox
mice. In addition, browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) was induced by administration of CL‐316,243 (a β3‐adrenergic agonist) or cold exposure for 7 days. Compared with Tgfbr2 flox/flox
mice, Tgfbr2ΔHEP
mice were resistant to steatosis and obesity. The metabolic changes in Tgfbr2ΔHEP
mice were due to the increase of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the liver and white‐to‐beige fat conversion. A further mechanistic study revealed that exosomal let‐7b‐5p derived from hepatocytes was robustly elevated after stimulation with palmitic acid and TGF‐β. Indeed, let‐7b‐5p levels were low in the liver, serum exosomes, inguinal WAT, and epididymal WAT in HFD‐fed Tgfbr2ΔHEP
mice. Moreover, 3T3‐L1 cells internalized hepatocyte‐derived exosomes. An in vitro experiment demonstrated that let‐7b‐5p overexpression increased hepatocyte fatty acid transport and inhibited adipocyte‐like cell thermogenesis, whereas let‐7b‐5p inhibitor exerted the opposite effects. Conclusion: Hepatocyte TGF‐β‐let‐7b‐5p signaling promotes HFD‐induced steatosis and obesity by reducing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and suppressing white‐to‐beige fat conversion. This effect of hepatocyte TGF‐β signaling in metabolism is partially associated with exosomal let‐7b‐5p.
Food security, mental health, and socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional study among medical college students in central part of Iran, Kashan
Authors: Amin Negin , Akbari Hossein , Jafarnejad Sadegh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsFood security is a complex and multidimensional issue that has been recognized as a serious public health problem all over the world for the past two decades. The present study was designed and conducted to determine the prevalence of food insecurity among college students at the Kashan University of Medical Sciences and some related factors including socioeconomic and mental health determinants.MethodsThe present study is a cross‐sectional study conducted on 358 students who were currently studying at the Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The students who were pregnant or had a special diet to follow were excluded. Samples were selected by the systematic method. Food security was measured using United States Department of Agriculture. Food Frequency Questionnaire, 21‐items Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and Socioeconomic Questionnaire were used to investigate the nutrients intake, depression/anxiety status, and socioeconomic factors, respectively. Chi‐square, independent t‐test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsBased on the findings of the present study, 16.8% of students experienced different levels of food insecurity, and 83.2% of participants were categorized as food secure. Gender, financial assistance, health insurance, depression, and students' occupation are associated with food insecurity (P < .05). Additionally, the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that depression (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01‐1.07), and students' jobs (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23‐0.80) have the greatest impact on students' food insecurity.ConclusionThe findings of the present study show that economic factors and gender have a significant impact on students' food security. Moreover, the association of food insecurity with mental disorders such as depression was demonstrated in the current study. However, we could not detect any significant association between daily energy intake and macronutrients which indicates the requirement for more detailed studies.
Family risk and early attachment development: The differential role of parental sensitivity
Authors: Gerlach Jennifer , Fößel Judith M. , Vierhaus Marc , Sann Alexandra , Eickhorst Andreas , Zimmermann Peter , Spangler Gottfried 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFamily risks are known to be detrimental to children's attachment development. This study investigated whether parental sensitivity plays different roles in early attachment development in the context of risk: Sensitivity was hypothesized to mediate risk effects on attachment, as well as a moderator that shapes the relation between risk and attachment. Multiple family risks, parental sensitivity (defined as responsivity and supportive presence), and children's attachment security of 197 infants and toddlers (Mage = 15.25 months) and their caregivers were assessed in a prospective study with a cohort‐sequential‐design in Germany. Caregivers' sensitivity served as a mediator of risk effects on attachment as well as a moderator that buffers adverse consequences of risk. Early sensitivity might be relevant in setting the stage for attachment development supporting resilience.
Modelling Cyber‐Physical Systems Using Data‐driven Patterns
Authors: Semeraro Concetta , Lezoche Mario , Panetto Hervé , Dassisti Michele 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTModelling Cyber‐physical systems is quite complex and thus needs a big amount of data and modelling techniques representing the operational semantics of the modelled elements. Generally, the modelling action has a specific application type. For this reason, the paper proposes a series of modelling patterns aimed at automatically identifying invariant behaviors in the masses of data that can be modelled to emulate cyber‐physical systems and thus contribute to the digital transformation of industrial production companies.
A Semantic Model Framework for the Cyber‐Physical Production System in the Systems Engineering Perspective
Authors: SA Puviyarasu , da Cunha Catherine 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTA cyber‐physical production system (CPPS) is a system of digital and physical components with networked connections. These components are deeply intertwined and operate in situation‐dependent ways across all production levels. The system behavior is complex due to its dependencies and the relationship between its parts and their environment. The diversified components and their relationship lead to challenges for the involved actors in system development, operation, and end of life phases. There is a need for a generic semantic model framework to provide a unified description of all aspects and properties of the CPPS. In this paper, an overview and expected outcome of semantic model framework is presented. As a first step, the core elements, and boundaries of the CPPS are proposed. Based on a fundamental concept of systems engineering, the core elements are defined as a System of Interest (SOI) and Enabling Systems (ES).