bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, Predictors, and Outcomes of Early mTOR Inhibitor Use After Heart Transplantation: Insights From the UNOS Database
Authors: Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Doulamis Ilias P. , Asleh Rabea , Makri Elpiniki , Kalamaras Ilias , Papastergiopoulos Christoforos , Emfietzoglou Maria , Drosou Anastasis , Van den Eynde Jef , Alnsasra Hilmi , Duque Ernesto Ruiz , Briasoulis Alexandros 
Published: August 2022

Background
The clinical characteristics of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors use in heart transplant recipients and their outcomes have not been well described.

Methods and Results

We compared patients who received mTOR inhibitors within the first 2 years after heart transplantation to patients who did not by inquiring the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database between 2010 and 2018. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality with retransplantation as a competing event. Rejection, malignancy, hospitalization for infection, and renal transplantation were secondary end points. There were 1619 (9%) and 15 686 (81%) mTOR inhibitors+ and mTOR inhibitors− patients, respectively. Body mass index, induction, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, calculated panel reactive antibody, and fewer days in 1A status were independently associated with mTOR inhibitors+ status. Over a follow‐up of 10.4 years, there was no difference in all‐cause mortality after adjusting for donor and recipient characteristics (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.90–1.19];
P
=0.66). mTOR inhibitors+ were independently associated with increased risk for rejection (odds ratio [OR], 1.43 [1.11–1.83];
P
=0.005) and basal skin cancer (OR, 1.35 [1.19–1.51];
P
=0.012) but not for infection or renal transplantation.

Conclusions
mTOR inhibitors are used in <10% patients in the first 2 years after heart transplantation and are noninferior to contemporary immunosuppression regimens in terms of all‐cause mortality, infection, malignancy, or renal transplantation. They are associated with risk for rejection.
Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device–Related Infective Endocarditis, Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis, and Native Valve Endocarditis: A Nationwide Study, 2003 to 2017
Authors: Khaloo Pegah , Uzomah Uwajachukwumma A. , Shaqdan Ayman , Ledesma Pablo A. , Galvin Jennifer , Ptaszek Leon M. , Ruskin Jeremy N. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Most published reports describing outcomes of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device–related infective endocarditis (CIED‐IE) are single‐center studies with small patient sample sizes. The goal of this study was to utilize population‐based data to assess trends in CIED‐IE hospitalization and to compare outcomes between patients hospitalized with CIED‐IE, prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), and native valve endocarditis (NVE).

Methods and Results
A query of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2003 and 2017 identified 646 325 patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis in the United States of whom 585 974 (90%) had NVE, 27 257 (4.2%) had CIED‐IE, and 26 111 (4%) had PVE.

There was a 509% increase in CIED‐IE hospitalizations in the United States from 2003 to 2017 (
P
trend<0.001). In‐hospital mortality and length of stay associated with CIED‐IE decreased during the study period from 15% and 20 days in 2003 to 9.7% and 19 days in 2017 (
P
trend=0.032 and 0.018, respectively). The in‐hospital mortality rate was lower in patients hospitalized with CIED‐IE (9.2%) than in patients with PVE (12%) and NVE (12%). Length of stay was longest in the CIED‐IE group (17 compared with 14 days for both NVE and PVE). Hospital costs were highest for the CIED‐IE group ($56 000 compared with $37 000 in NVE and $45 000 in PVE).

Conclusions
Despite the fact that the number of comorbidities per patient with CIED‐IE increased during the study period, mortality rate and hospital length of stay decreased. The mortality rate was significantly lower for patients with CIED‐IE than for patients with NVE and PVE. Patients with CIED‐IE had the longest lengths of stay and highest hospital costs.
From Outlaws to Judges: Armed Groups and The Administration of Justice
Authors: Spadaro Alessandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
René Provost’s latest book, Rebel Courts: The Administration of Justice by Armed Insurgents, collects an impressive amount of practice of organized armed groups concerning the administration of justice in armed conflicts, and offers a detailed analysis of the legal issues surrounding the creation and functioning of insurgent courts. Drawing from field work and adopting a legal pluralistic methodology, Provost offers a comprehensive overview of how the rebel administration of justice functions in practice and of how international law regulates its different aspects, including the legality of rebel courts, due process guarantees, as well as international, transnational, and national recognition of the judicial practices of armed groups. In this review essay, I highlight the importance and novelty of Provost’s approach, exploring the book’s connections with other legal and non-legal literature on armed groups, and contextualize some of Provost’s arguments concerning rebel law and rebel courts.
First description of the females of two species of Zodarion (Araneae: Zodariidae)
Authors: COŞAR İLHAN , DANIŞMAN TARIK , ELVERİCİ MERT 
Published: August 2022

The females of Zodarion samos Bosmans, 2009 and Zodarion varoli Akpınar, 2016 are described for the first time. Z. samos Bosmans, 2009 is further a new record to the Turkish araneofauna. Characteristic features and photographs of both species are presented, and known localities in Turkey are provided. Previous records of Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914, and Zodarion ruffoi Caporiacco, 1951 from Turkey are based on misidentifications and shall be omitted from the national species list.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Home Advantage in Women’s Soccer: Evidence From Swedish Damallsvenskan
Authors: Krumer Alex , Smith Vetle A. O. 
Published: August 2022

Most studies of the effect of COVID-19 restrictions on home advantage have been conducted on men’s soccer, with the women’s game lacking scientific attention. The present study fills this gap by investigating games in Swedish Damallsvenskan women’s soccer league. Comparing games in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, we find a slight, but not statistically significant reduction in home advantage in games without crowds in terms of goals scored and points achieved. However, unlike in most studies on men’s soccer, we find that away teams received significantly more yellow cards in games without crowds compared to games with crowds. We discuss our results in the context of the findings in men’s soccer. JEL Classification: D00, J71, L00, Z13, Z20.
Patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicine use in the era of new non-stimulant medicines: A population-based study among Australian children and adults (2013–2020)
Authors: Bruno Claudia , Havard Alys , Gillies Malcolm B , Coghill David , Brett Jonathan , Guastella Adam J , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Zoega Helga 
Published: August 2022

Background and aims: New therapeutic options such as lisdexamfetamine and guanfacine have recently become available for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We described contemporary patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicine use among children, adolescents and adults in Australia. Methods: This population-based study used dispensing data for a 10% random sample of Australian residents between July 2012 and December 2020. We estimated the annual prevalence and incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicines, second-line guanfacine use and examined concurrent medicine use of both stimulants and non-stimulants. We followed incident users for up to 5 years and analysed treatment persistence using a novel proportion of people covered method. Analyses were stratified by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicine, sex and age group; young children (0–5 years), children (6–12 years), adolescents (13–17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults (⩾25 years). Results: We observed a twofold increase in the overall prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicine use between 2013 and 2020, from 4.9 to 9.7 per 1000 persons. Incident use also increased across all age groups and both sexes, with the most pronounced increases among adolescent females (from 1.4 to 5.3 per 1000 persons). Stimulant treatment persistence after 5 years was highest among those initiating treatment as young children (64%) and children (69%) and lowest among those initiating treatment in adolescence (19%). Concurrent use of stimulants and non-stimulants was more common among males and younger age groups. Most children (87%) initiating guanfacine had prior dispensings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicines. Conclusion: We observed increasing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medicine use in Australia, especially among young females. Nevertheless, treatment rates remain lower than the estimated prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across all subpopulations. Poor long-term treatment persistence in adolescence may warrant improved clinical monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients transitioning from paediatric to adult care. Reassuringly, use of newly approved guanfacine appeared to be in accordance with guidelines among children.
Is the narrative the message? The relationship between suicide-related narratives in media reports and subsequent suicides
Authors: Hawley Lance L , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Zaheer Rabia , Schaffer Ayal , Redelmeier Donald A , Levitt Anthony J , Sareen Jitender , Pirkis Jane , Sinyor Mark 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: When journalists report on the details of a suicide, the way that they contextualize the meaning of the event (i.e. the ‘narrative’) can have significant consequences for readers. The ‘Werther’ and ‘Papageno’ narrative effects refer to increases and decreases in suicides across populations following media reports on suicidal acts or mastery of crises, respectively. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of these different narrative constructs on subsequent suicides. Methods: This study examined the change in suicide counts over time in Toronto, Canada. It used latent difference score analysis, examining suicide-related print media reports in the Toronto media market (2011–2014). Articles ( N = 6367) were coded as having a potentially harmful narrative if they described suicide in a celebrity or described a suicide death in a non-celebrity and included the suicide method. Articles were coded as having potentially protective narratives if they included at least one element of protective content (e.g. alternatives to suicide) without including any information about suicidal behaviour (i.e. suicide attempts or death). Results: Latent difference score longitudinal multigroup analyses identified a dose–response relationship in which the trajectory of suicides following harmful ‘Werther’ narrative reports increased over time, while protective ‘Papageno’ narrative reports declined. The latent difference score model demonstrated significant goodness of fit and parameter estimates, with each group demonstrating different trajectories of change in reported suicides over time: (χ2[6], N = 6367) = 13.16; χ2/df = 2.19; Akaike information criterion = 97.16, comparative fit index = 0.96, root mean square error of approximation = 0.03. Conclusion: Our findings support the notion that the ‘narrative’ matters when reporting on suicide. Specifically, ‘Werther’ narratives of suicides in celebrities and suicides in non-celebrities where the methods were described were associated with more subsequent suicides while ‘Papageno’ narratives of survival and crisis mastery without depictions of suicidal behaviours were associated with fewer subsequent suicides. These results may inform efforts to prevent imitation suicides.
Loganin attenuates interleukin-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation, cartilage degeneration, and rat synovial inflammation by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB
Authors: Wan Haishan , Li Chaoyi , Yang Yi , Chen Dingzhong 
Published: August 2022

Objective Inflammation plays a crucial part in osteoarthritis (OA) development. This work aimed to explore loganin’s role and molecular mechanism in inflammation and clarify its anti-inflammatory effects in OA treatment. Methods Chondrocytes were stimulated using interleukin (IL)-1β and loganin at two concentrations (1 μM and 10 μM). Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression was assessed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA levels. Western blot was used to investigate TLR4, MyD88, p-p65, and IκB-α expression. p65 nuclear translocation, synovial inflammatory response, and cartilage degeneration were also assessed. Results Loganin significantly reduced IL-1β-mediated PGE2, NO, iNOS, and COX-2 expression compared with that of the IL-1β stimulation group. The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway was suppressed by loganin, which decreased inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels compared with those of the IL-1β stimulation group. Loganin inhibited IL-1β-mediated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation compared with that of the IL-1β stimulation group. Loganin partially suppressed cartilage degeneration and the synovial inflammatory response in vivo. Conclusion This work demonstrated that loganin inhibited IL-1β-mediated inflammation in rat chondrocytes through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway regulation, thereby reducing rat cartilage degeneration and the synovial inflammatory response.
Dynamic Reach Deficit Is a Predictive Factor of Inferior Outcomes After Modified Broström Procedure for Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Cao Shengxuan , Tang Zihui , Wang Chen , Huang Ping , Zhang Chao , Huang Jiazhang , Wang Xu , Ma Xin 
Published: August 2022

Background: Only a few studies have analyzed functional predictive factors for inferior outcomes after modified Broström procedure (MBP). The aim of the current study is to identify the influence of the preoperative dynamic reach deficit on the surgical outcomes of MBP. Methods: Sixty-one patients with lateral ankle instability who underwent MBP were included in the current study and followed up for a median of 24 months. The Karlsson scores and the reaches of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) were evaluated before surgery and during the last follow-up. A total of 19 prognostic factors were analyzed. The relationship between the variables and inferior outcomes (Karlsson score < 90) in the bivariate analysis was tested through the Mann-Whitney U test or the Fisher exact test. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to investigate the influence of the selected factors on inferior outcomes. Results: Thirty-two of the patients had superior outcomes, and the rest had inferior outcomes. The age, gender, and body mass index of the groups with superior and inferior outcomes did not differ. Preoperative dynamic reach deficit ( P = .032), osteochondral lesion of the talus ( P = .004), and decreased preoperative Karlsson score ( P = .004) were independent predictors of inferior outcomes. Conclusion: Patients with preoperative dynamic reach deficit, osteochondral lesion of the talus, or decreased preoperative Karlsson score have inferior outcomes after MBP. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control study.
Psychological Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Individuals With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tang Zhiming , Zhu Zhicheng , Xu Jisheng 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of rTMS on drug craving, depression, anxiety, sleep, and cognitive function in methamphetamine (MA) dependent individuals.Data sources and methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rTMS interventions for MA-dependent patients were searched through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Chongqing Vipers (VIP) and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBLD). The included literature was statistically processed using Revman 5.4, and STATA 16.0 for sensitivity and bias analysis.ResultsA total of 13 papers were included, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that rTMS was effective in reducing craving scores (SMD = −1.53, 95%CI:−2.08 ∼ −0.98, p < 0.00001), improving depression (SMD = −0.32, 95%CI:-0.58 ∼ −0.07, p = 0.01) and sleep scores (WMD = −1.26, 95%CI:−2.26 ∼ −0.27, p = 0.01), but had no effect on anxiety scores (SMD = −0.42, 95%CI:−0.88 ∼ 0.03, p = 0.07); in terms of cognitive function, there were improvements in the international shopping list task (ISL), Groton maze learning task (GML) and continuous paired association learning task (CPAL), except for no effect on the social emotional cognition task (SEC) and two back task (TWOB). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the effects of different intervention period on craving in MA-dependent individuals.ConclusionrTMS was effective in reducing MA dependent individuals' cravings, alleviating depressive symptoms, improving sleep quality and language learning, collaborative learning and executive skills. Due to the small sample size of this study, a large number of RCTs are needed to validate this.
Vasoactive Biomarkers in Patients With Vasovagal Syncope During Head-Up Tilt Test: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Miranda Cláudia Madeira , Silva Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da , Peruhybe-Magalhães Vanessa , Brugada Josep 
Published: August 2022

Background: Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of syncope. Some stages of its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and endothelin (ET) may be involved during acute orthostatic stress. Objective: To analyze plasma changes in NOx and ET and heart rate variability (HRV) in the supine positions (T1) and during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) (T2), in patients with VVS (case group) and control group. Methods: Thirty-seven patients (17 in the case group and 20 in the control group), matched for age and sex (mean aged 31.8 years) underwent HUTT with simultaneous HRV recording and venipuncture. Blood samples were collected during phases T1 and T2 and the analysis was performed without knowledge of the HUTT result. Results: In the total sample, there was an increase in NOx values ( P = .014), however there was no increase in ET values from phase T1 to phase T2. Patients with VVS tended to increase plasma NOx values ( P = .057) and had significantly higher plasma values compared to ET ( P = .033) between phases T1 to T2. In the control group, there was no significant change in the values of these vasoactive substances. Regarding HRV, there were a decrease in the component HF (high frequency) and increased of the LF (low frequency)/HF ratio during HUTT. Conclusions: There was an increase in ET during HUTT occurred only in the case group. These patients are more likely to have an imbalance between antagonistic vasoactive biomarkers during orthostatic stress.
(Some) refugees welcome: When is differentiating between refugees unlawful discrimination?
Authors: Costello Cathryn , Foster Michelle 
Published: August 2022

Europe’s extraordinary response to those fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has prompted many criticisms of Europe’s treatment of other refugees, and indeed people of colour and members of ethnic minorities fleeing Ukraine. While stark, this differentiated response in not unusual: The global refugee regime treats different refugees differently, as a matter of course. Refugees often encounter racialized migration controls, and systems which privilege some refugees over others. The article seeks to clarify when these practices violate the international legal prohibitions on discrimination on grounds of race and nationality. To do so, it focuses on race discrimination in general international human rights law, clarifying the interaction between general human rights principles and instruments, and the specialist instrument in the field, the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination. We identify how differences in treatment on grounds of nationality may engage the prohibition on race discrimination both directly (in particular when nationality equates to national origin) or indirectly. Concerning nationality discrimination, the article focuses in particular on the added value of Article 3 of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees, which obliges states to ‘apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin.’ We examine Article 3 both within the overall scheme of the Refugee Convention and as a source to guide interpretation of international human rights norms.
The renal-bone axis in older people living with HIV on stable antiretroviral therapy: A sub-analysis of the GS-US-104-0423 study
Authors: Alvarez Elena , Campbell Lucy , Tinago Willard , Garcia-Leon Alejandro , Walsh Ian , Brady Jennifer J , Burling Keith , Noe Sebastian , Neuville Marie F , Jouret Francois , Jamshidian Farid , Graham Hiba , Rhee Martin , Mallon Paddy W , Post Frank A 
Published: August 2022

Background Data on low bone mineral density (BMD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) are mainly derived from younger adults; little is known about how antiretroviral therapy (ART) and alterations in the renal-bone axis relate to BMD in older PLWH. Methods Cross-sectional study of men > 50 years and post-menopausal women with HIV. Antiretroviral therapy exposure was stratified into four groups based on use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and protease inhibitors (PI): non-TDF/non-PI, non-TDF/PI, TDF/non-PI, and TDF/PI. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone turnover/regulatory markers and renal tubular function were analysed in stored plasma and urine samples. The association of ART exposure and bone/renal biomarkers on BMD was explored using logistic regression models. Results 247 individuals (median [IQR] age 57 [53, 65] years; 47% female; 13% of Black ethnicity; CD4 count 643 [473, 811] cells/mm3; and 98% with HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL) were included. Bone turnover and renal tubular function differed significantly by ART exposure. In analyses adjusted for demographic and traditional renal/bone risk factors, exposure to TDF and PI was associated with a fourfold greater risk of low BMD at the femoral neck and exposure to TDF and/or PI with a threefold greater risk of low BMD at the lumbar spine. The relationship between ART and low BMD was not altered by further adjustment for bone turnover or renal tubular function markers. Conclusions The associations between low BMD and ART exposure (TDF vs. non-TDF and boosted vs. unboosted third agents) were minimally affected by adjustments for bone and kidney biomarkers.