bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband access and telemedicine adoption for opioid use disorder treatment in the United States
Authors: Ali Mir M. , Ghertner Robin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeBuprenorphine utilization remains low in the United States. Telemedicine guidelines and flexibilities introduced during the COVID‐19 pandemic provide an opportunity to increase patient access to buprenorphine. However, it is not known whether Americans without access to buprenorphine waivered provider, especially those residing in rural counties, have sufficient broadband internet access to support telemedicine.MethodsAdministrative data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Buprenorphine Treatment Practitioner Locator Tool and the Fixed Broadband Deployment Data from the Federal Communications Commission are utilized to identify counties with low broadband penetration rate and the number of buprenorphine waivered providers with capacity to accept patients within a 30 miles radius.Findings23.9% of the US population does not have access to any buprenorphine waivered provider with a capacity to accept new patients within a 30 miles radius. In counties with low broadband penetration rate, 78.9% of residents does not have access to any buprenorphine waivered provider with patient capacity. In rural counties with low broadband penetration rate, 82.3% of the residents does not have access to any buprenorphine waivered provider with patient capacity within a 30 miles radius.ConclusionsFederal policy initiatives are expected to continue the COVID‐19‐related telehealth flexibilities and to increase the number of providers available to prescribe buprenorphine, but for that to translate into more patients utilizing treatment via telemedicine, high‐speed internet access will be essential. This is particularly salient for residents in rural counties where access to both buprenorphine providers and high‐speed internet access is limited.
Outcome of surgical treatment of perineal hernia in cats: 36 cases (2013‐2019)
Authors: Hubers M. W. L. , Vink J. J. W. G. , Brissot H. N. , Sjollema B. E. , van Klaveren N. J. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo report the clinical presentation, complications, and long‐term outcomes of cats treated for perineal hernia with modified internal obturator muscle transposition.MethodsThe medical records of cats surgically treated for perineal hernia between 2013 and 2019 were reviewed and an owner questionnaire was conducted to determine long‐term outcome.ResultsThirty‐six cats were included in the study: 34 had bilateral and two unilateral hernias. Of these 36, 24 (67%) were male neutered with a median age of 10 (range: 1 to 18) years. The complication rate was low, however, one cat experienced a major postoperative complication: rectal prolapse requiring revision surgery 48 hours postsurgery. Short‐term outcomes were available for 32 of 36 (89%) cats. Of the 32, 23 were examined 6 weeks postoperatively, and a telephonic consultation was performed for an additional nine of 32. Of the 23 cats examined directly, none had recurrence. Overall 12 of 32 experienced short‐term postoperative tenesmus which resolved in nine of 12 (75%). Long‐term outcomes were available for 31 of 36 cats (86%), with a median of 18.5 (6 to 89) months follow‐up. A good outcome was achieved in 23 of 31 (74%) whereas three of 31 (10%) had fair outcomes and five of 31 (16%) had a poor outcome. Of the five cats with a poor outcome, two required subtotal colectomy to manage clinical signs related to megacolon, two were euthanised following a return of clinical signs, and one developed unilateral recurrence.Clinical SignificancePerineal hernia should be considered in cats presenting with tenesmus or recurrent obstipation. Surgical treatment of perineal hernias in cats can result in good owner‐assessed long‐term outcome.
Changing to remote psychological therapy during COVID‐19: Psychological therapists' experience of the working alliance, therapeutic boundaries and work involvement
Authors: James Georgina , Schröder Thomas , De Boos Danielle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch aimsThis study aimed to investigate psychological therapists' perceived ability to form a working alliance and maintain therapeutic boundaries, and their work involvement patterns whilst working remotely via telephone or videoconferencing. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore therapists' experience of therapeutic boundaries when working remotely and how they managed these.MethodA mixed‐method sequential explanatory design was adopted. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, with thematic analysis used to analyse qualitative data.ResultsIn total, 161 psychological therapists completed an online survey, and 12 participants were selected using maximum variation sampling to engage in a semi‐structured interview. Although results between therapists varied, some perceived abilities regarding the working alliance and therapeutic boundaries differed when working remotely compared to face‐to‐face therapy. Therapists' work involvement patterns also differed compared to existing data for face‐to‐face therapy, indicated by increased rates of stressful involvement. Considering therapists' experience of therapeutic boundaries, four overarching themes were identified: ‘different boundaries in remote therapy’, ‘work home boundary’, ‘changes in the therapeutic safe space’ and ‘impact of boundaries when working remotely’.ConclusionsAspects of the working alliance and therapeutic boundaries are experienced differently by therapists working remotely, which relates to how they experience their work. The findings have clinical implications for increasing therapists' awareness of potential changes in their perceived abilities regarding the working alliance and therapeutic boundaries when working remotely, therefore, enabling them to address these changes where required. Future research possibilities are considered.
The comparison problem for approximating epistemic ideals
Authors: Daoust Marc‐Kevin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSome epistemologists think that the Bayesian ideals matter because we canapproximatethem. That is, our attitudes can be more or less close to the ones of our ideal Bayesian counterpart. In this paper, I raise a worry for this justification of epistemic ideals. The worry is this: In order to correctly compare agents to their ideal counterparts, we need to imagine idealized agents who have the same relevant information, knowledge, or evidence. However, there are cases in which one's ideal counterpart cannot have one's information, knowledge, or evidence. In these situations, agents cannot compare themselves to their ideal counterpart.
Dynamics of a nonlocal dispersal in‐host viral model with humoral immunity
Authors: Hu Jing , Meyer‐Baese Anke , Ye Ming , Zhang Qimin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions to a nonlocal dispersal in‐host viral model with humoral immunity. The model features both spatial movement of virus and humoral immunity response to the virus. This paper gives the principal eigenvalue () of the nonlocal dispersal problem, and it is verified to be a critical value that determines the infection dynamics. The uninfected equilibrium is unique and stable for . For , the equilibrium is not stable, and infected with/without B cells response equilibrium emerges. This paper also establishes the dynamics of infected equilibria. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the analytical results of this study.
Triceps surae muscle force potential and force demand shift with altering stride frequency in running
Authors: Swinnen Wannes , Mylle Ine , Hoogkamer Wouter , De Groote Friedl , Vanwanseele Benedicte 
Published: July 2022

While it is well recognized that the preferred stride frequency (PSF) in running closely corresponds to the metabolically optimal frequency, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Changes in joint kinematics when altering stride frequency will affect the muscle‐tendon unit lengths and potentially the efficiency of muscles crossing these joints. Here, we investigated how fascicle kinematics and forces of the triceps surae muscle, a highly energy consuming muscle, are affected when running at different stride frequencies. Twelve runners ran on a force measuring treadmill, adopting five different frequencies (PSF; PSF ± 8%; PSF ± 15%), while we measured joint kinematics, whole‐body energy expenditure, triceps surae muscle activity, and soleus (SOL; N = 10) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM; N = 12) fascicle kinematics. In addition, we used dynamic optimization to estimate SOL and GM muscle forces. We found that SOL and GM mean muscle fascicle length during stance followed an inverted U‐relationship with the longest fascicle lengths occurring at PSF. Fascicle lengths were shortest at frequencies lower than PSF. In addition, average SOL force was greater at PSF−15% compared with PSF. Overall, our results suggest that reduced SOL and GM muscle fascicle lengths, associated with reduced muscle force potential, together with greater SOL force demand, contribute to the increased whole‐body energy expenditure when running at lower than PSF. At higher stride frequencies, triceps surae muscle kinematics and force production were less affected suggesting that increased energy expenditure is rather related to higher cost of leg swing and greater cost of force production.
Genetics of long‐distance runners and road cyclists—A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Konopka Magdalena Johanna , van den Bunder Jorn Carlos Maria Leonardus , Rietjens Gerard , Sperlich Billy , Zeegers Maurice Petrus 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to identify the genetic variants of (inter)national competing long‐distance runners and road cyclists compared with controls. The Medline and Embase databases were searched until 15 November 2021. Eligible articles included genetic epidemiological studies published in English. A homogenous group of endurance athletes competing at (inter)national level and sedentary controls were included. Pooled odds ratios based on the genotype frequency with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was addressed by Q‐statistics, and I2. Sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta‐regression and risk of bias was assessed with the Clark Baudouin scale. This systematic review comprised of 43 studies including a total of 3938 athletes and 10 752 controls in the pooled analysis. Of the 42 identified genetic variants, 13 were investigated in independent studies. Significant associations were found for five polymorphisms. Pooled odds ratio [95%CI] favoring athletes compared with controls was 1.42 [1.12–1.81] for ACE II (I/D), 1.66 [1.26–2.19] for ACTN3 TT (rs1815739), 1.75 [1.34–2.29] for PPARGC1A GG (rs8192678), 2.23 [1.42–3.51] for AMPD1 CC (rs17602729), and 2.85 [1.27–6.39] for HFE GG + CG (rs1799945). Risk of bias was low in 25 (58%) and unclear in 18 (42%) articles. Heterogeneity of the results was low (0%–20%) except for HFE (71%), GNB3 (80%), and NOS3 (76%). (Inter)national competing runners and cyclists have a higher probability to carry specific genetic variants compared with controls. This study confirms that (inter)national competing endurance athletes constitute a unique genetic make‐up, which likely contributes to their performance level.
Inequalities and interrelations: The sociology of disasters at a new crossroads
Authors: Smiley Kevin T. , Domingue Simone J. , Lewis Akua L. , McNeese Heath , Pellegrin Sara J. , Sandhu Harleen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile the sociology of disasters was slow to incorporate the study of inequality in analyses, recent research in the field has centered the study of inequality. Powered by changing empirical terrain in the form of climate change and by theoretically engagement with other sociological subfields, our article showcases how this research analyzes inequality by tracing three research motifs of scale, time, and feedbacks. Using a data set of nearly 200 articles published in the field including all 57 articles published in 10 generalist sociology journals from 2008 to 2020, we relate this perspective on scale, time, and feedbacks to eight primary areas of work in the sociology of disasters: (1) community, social capital, and resilience; (2) migration and displacement; (3) race; (4) gender; (5) intersectionality; (6) health and wellness; (7) governance and policy; and (8) environment and climate change. Our discussion champions future research on feedbacks by providing a theoretical backing with social theory on relational inequality as well as by substantiating it empirically with the eight areas of research.
Void Fraction Measurement and Prediction of Two-Phase Boiling Flows in a Tubular Test Section
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Diaz Julio , Petrov Victor , Burak Adam , Manera Annalisa , Kelly Joseph , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Void fraction is one of the most important parameters that affect two-phase flow heat transfer and pressure drop. In this paper, a commercial gamma densitometer and a high-speed X-ray radiography system developed at the University of Michigan (UM) are used to measure the void fraction in two-phase boiling flows, with water as the working fluid, in a tubular test section. The test section is made of Incoloy 800H/HT with a total length of 1.589 m, an inner diameter of 12.95 mm, and a wall thickness of 3.05 mm. These two instrumentation systems are installed on a traversing platform that travels along the vertical test section to perform measurements at multiple elevations. Subcooled flow boiling and natural convection boiling experiments are performed to measure the void fraction in the test section. Flow visualization images are obtained for bubbly and slug flows from the X-ray radiography system. The wall temperature of the test section is measured at 17 elevations by thermocouples. In addition to the experiments, a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (MCFD) model is developed using ansysfluent to simulate the subcooled flow boiling. The measured wall temperature and void fraction from the experiments are compared with the MCFD simulation results. The root-mean-square (RMS) relative deviations are 3.6% and 16.1% for the wall temperature and void fraction, respectively, between the experimental data and MCFD simulations.
Physics Evaluation of Alternative Uranium-Based Oxy-Carbide Annular Fuel Concepts for Potential Use in Compact High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors
Authors: Wojtaszek Daniel T. , Bromley Blair P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lattice physics calculations have been carried out to evaluate the performance and safety characteristics of a modified high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) prismatic fuel block concept, based on the MHTGR-350 benchmark problem. Key changes were to replace the conventional tri-structural isotropic (TRISO)-filled fuel compacts with heterogeneous, multilayer annular fuel pellets made with UCO, ThCO, or (U,Th)CO. These fuel pellets have multiple protective cladding layers of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide, which will give it robust qualities. With the increased loading of U-235 in the fuel block, it was necessary to replace up to 78 fuel holes and 42 coolant holes with a hydrogen-based moderator (7LiH), in order to ensure a thermal neutron energy spectrum in the lattice. Calculation results demonstrate that the modified fuel concept has several advantages and some challenges relative to the conventional MHTGR-350 design concept. With the increased uranium loading and the reduced neutron leakage due the use of 7LiH moderator rods, higher burnup levels and lower natural uranium consumption levels can be achieved with the same level of uranium enrichment. In addition, the expected fuel residence time increased by a factor of 20 or more, making such a concept very attractive for use in small, modular, “nuclear battery” HTGRs that would only need to be fueled once. Calculation results for the current concept indicate positive graphite and hydrogen moderator temperature coefficients, and further modifications will be required to ensure a negative power coefficient of reactivity.
Applicability of the Dose Spiking Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Method for the Quantitative Measurements of Low Doses in Alanine Dosimetry
Authors: Ghimire Lekhnath , Waller Edward 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ionizing radiation generates unpaired electrons or free radical centers in alanine. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detects, identifies, and quantifies these free radicals, proportional to the absorbed dose. The accurate measurements of low doses using EPR dosimetry with alanine are highly challenging due to (1) the weak EPR dosimetric signal from low dose alanine and measurement errors, (2) the sample anisotropy in crystalline alanine, and (3) the background signals from sample impurities. This study explores the feasibility of using the dose spiking EPR technique to overcome these challenges and decreases the detection limit up to 20 milligray (mGy) in a low dose measurement using EPR. The measurement errors from the sample anisotropy were reduced by rotating the samples relative to the constant magnetic field direction using a goniometer and averaging the resulting EPR spectra. This technique decreased the measurement errors at high doses; however, it was insufficient to decrease the detection limit and increase the measurement accuracy at low doses (&lt;0.5 Gy). As a result, the high measurement accuracy at the high doses (&gt;4 Gy) was exploited to increase the accuracy at the low doses using the dose spiking EPR technique. To this end, the low-dose alanine sample, undetectable and not reliably measurable in the X-band continuous wave (CW) EPR spectrometer, spikes with a high dose (4 Gy). Then, the total dose was measured and subtracted from a spike dose to get the initial low dose. This technique detected and measured the low doses with reliable accuracy (±10%). As a result, we concluded that this method has great potential to solve the low dose measurement problems in alanine dosimetry.
Preliminary Analysis of Reactivity Feedbacks for Inner-Side Chromium Coating
Authors: Hamad Khlifa Rofida , Nikitenkov Nicolay N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Protective coatings were proposed as near-term concepts to enhance the accident tolerance of nuclear fuel claddings; it is expected to improve corrosion resistance in severe events, and enhance cladding performance during normal operation, without introducing major design changes. Various aspects such as corrosion resistance, thermal and neutronic performances are being evaluated. However, the fact that inner uncoated side of fuel cladding may expose to the oxidizing environment under some circumstances is still a concern. Thus, a complementary inner-side coating was proposed. Metallic chromium is extensively studied as a potential coating material, and showed promising performance. Neutronic penalties are expected if chromium used as protective coating. In this study, reactor's inherent safety feedback, when chromium coatings used for fuel claddings inner-side protection, is evaluated and compared with the case of using external coatings. These parameters have not been studied before. Five different coating thicknesses were used in this evaluation. Results showed that inner side coatings will induce less negative moderator temperature feed backs, while feedback to changes in fuel temperature will be more negative than the reference uncoated case. Boron coefficient was found to be less negative compared to the reference. It was found that each coating thickness will induce unique changes in neutrons flux; generally, there will be reduction in thermal portion of neutron flux, which will be less for the case of inner-side coatings, when compared to external coatings. The magnitude of feedback varies from thickness to another. Reactivity feedbacks also calculated for some cases where inner and external coatings used simultaneously, results showed similar behavior, with the magnitude varying from a combination to another. The presence of chromium coatings will introduce some changes in reactor's neutron flux; nevertheless, the reactor will still keep its inherent negative feedback to changes in different operation parameters studied.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for cardiovascular risk assessment in patients undergoing gastric and oesophageal cancer surgery: results from a prospective interventional cohort study
Authors: Ozova Maryam , Chomakhidze Petr , Poltavskaya Maria , Vychuzhanin Dmitry , Kopylov Philippe , Saner Hugo , Andreev Denis 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has shown to be useful for preoperative risk stratification in various types of intra-abdominal and thoracic surgery. However, data about the predictive value of CPET for cardiovascular outcome after gastric or oesophageal cancer surgery are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CPET parameters for the prediction of cardiovascular complications in patients with this type of surgery.MethodsThis is a prospective single-centre interventional cohort study including 200 consecutive patients who underwent elective surgery for oesophageal and/or gastric cancer. Symptom-limited CPET was performed preoperatively to evaluate the potential of various test-derived parameters including anaerobic threshold (AT) to predict cardiovascular complications within 30 days after surgery.Results200 patients (mean age 68±14.2 years) met inclusion and exclusion criteria: oesophageal surgery 54 pts, gastric surgery 132 pts and combined oesophageal/gastric surgery 14 pts. 41/200 pts (20.5%) experienced cardiovascular complications during and within 30 days after surgery including 4 non-fatal myocardial infarctions (2%), 1 stroke (0.5%); 6 dead from cardiovascular causes (3%) and less serious complications in 30 patients (15%) including angina attacks and antiarrhythmic therapy for ventricular arrhythmias or for atrial fibrillation/flutter. Results from preoperative CPET indicate that an AT level below 11 mL/kg/min was highly predictive for any cardiovascular complication (p=0.02, OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.78 to 22.47). An AT level <9.5 had the best predictive accuracy for major perioperative cardiac complications (sensitivity 93%, specificity 68%, positive predicative value 75%, negative predicative value 98.8%).ConclusionCPET is a useful perioperative risk assessment tool for patients undergoing surgery for oesophageal and gastric cancer, which carries a particularly high risk for cardiovascular complications. An AT <9.5 mL/kg/min turned out to be the most reliable predictor for major cardiovascular complications.