bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Dependence of Temperature Trends Across the Contiguous US
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Marshall Adrienne M. , Lute A. C. , Safeeq Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemperature and precipitation covary across timescales due to thermodynamic and dynamic processes. We examine spatial patterns and trends of daily precipitation dependence of maximum and minimum temperature anomalies across the contiguous United States during 1950–2020. In the warm season, maximum temperatures are anomalously cool on wet days, while in the cool season, minimum temperatures are anomalously warm on wet days. During 1950–2020, warm‐season maximum temperatures increased 0.5°C more on wet days than on dry days, whereas minimum temperature on dry days warmed slightly more than on wet days in both the warm and cool season. By contrast, climate models show more subtle and consistent precipitation dependence of temperature trends with approximately 0.2°C more warming on dry days than on wet days. Improved understanding of precipitation‐dependent temperature trends is critical for understanding and modeling the impacts of changing climate on snowpack, drought, and heat stress.
Impact of Dust on Climate and AMOC During the Last Glacial Maximum Simulated by CESM1.2
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Yonggang , Zhu Jiang , Wang Zhuoqun , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile the impact of dust on climate and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the interglacial period such as the mid‐Holocene has been studied extensively, its impact during the glacial period is unclear. Here we investigate how the climate and AMOC would change if there had been no dust during the Last Glacial Maximum. Model simulations show that the dust removal leads to a global cooling of over 2.4°C and a weakening of AMOC by ∼30%. Such temperature change is opposite in sign to that for the MH. The cooling is attributed to the increase of snow and ice albedo and weakening of AMOC when dust is removed, and is amplified through a positive feedback between sea ice and AMOC. Our results indicate that the climate and AMOC are more sensitive to dust change during the glacial than the interglacial period.
Performance of Cloud 3D Solvers in Ice Cloud Shortwave Radiation Closure Over the Equatorial Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ren Tong , Yang Ping , Wei Jian , Huang Xianglei , Sang Huiyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor retrieving cloud optical properties from satellite images or computing these properties from climate model output, computationally efficient treatments of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity include the Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (McICA) and the Tripleclouds method. Computationally efficient treatment of cloud horizontal radiation exchanges includes the SPeedy Algorithm for Radiative TrAnsfer through CloUd Sides (SPARTACUS). As a test to derive properties from satellite images, we collocate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud retrievals with near‐nadir Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) footprints in July 2008 over an equatorial western Pacific Ocean region to compare the performance of the McICA, Tripleclouds, and SPARTACUS solvers to the conventional plane‐parallel homogeneous (PPH) treatment. PPH overestimates cloud albedo, and the three solvers effectively reduce overestimation with root mean square error of shortwave upwelling irradiance decreasing between 15.72 and 18.53 W m−2, or about 22%–25%. Although cloud top variability does not get fed into the simulations, all three solvers also reduce the effect of cloud top variability on cloud albedo. Entrapment (energy reflected downward from clouds) and horizontal radiation transfer have opposite effects on the SPARTACUS cloud albedo simulation. The net effect depends on the cloud vertical extent, the unawareness of which limits the performance of the SPARTACUS solver.
Magnetic Properties of the Ganzi Loess and Their Implications for Precipitation History in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Since the Last Interglacial
Authors: Yang Shengli , Chen Zixuan , Chen Hui , Luo Yuanlong , Liu Li , Liu Xiaojing , Li Qiong , Zhou Jiantao , Li Pushuang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLoess sequences in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) are valuable paleoenvironmental archives for reconstructing the environmental history related to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). We conducted a detailed environmental magnetism analysis of the Ganzi loess sequence that developed since the Last Interglacial (LIG) and reconstructed the paleo‐precipitation history by analyzing multiple magnetic parameters. Our results are as follows: (a) Magnetic minerals of the Ganzi loess are mainly maghemite and magnetite, with high concentrations of magnetic minerals in the paleosol layer. The pedogenic ferrimagnetic particles dominated the magnetic enhancement, and magnetic parameters can be used to reconstruct precipitation history. (b) Precipitation reconstructed by using the multiple magnetic parameters of the Ganzi loess shows that rainfall in the eastern TP has varied dramatically, and the wettest periods over the last glacial cycle were the LIG and the Holocene. (c) The ISM has influenced precipitation changes since the LIG in the eastern TP. The ISM and precipitation in the eastern TP were mainly driven by the combined effect of orbital changes, global ice volume, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and internal climate forcing on the glacial‐interglacial timescale.
Human Intervention Will Stabilize Groundwater Storage Across the North China Plain
Authors: Yang Wenting , Long Di , Scanlon Bridget R. , Burek Peter , Zhang Caijin , Han Zhongying , Butler James J. , Pan Yun , Lei Xiaohui , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe North China Plain (NCP) has been subjected to groundwater overexploitation over the past decades as a result of rapid socioeconomic development and irrigation water demand with relatively limited renewable water resources. Operation of the middle route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project (SNWD‐M) since December 2014 has provided an opportunity for groundwater sustainability in the NCP by increasing water supply and reducing groundwater abstraction. Water use changes have largely been driven by socioeconomic changes. However, impacts of water diversion, water use change, as well as climate variability in the future on groundwater storage (GWS) in the NCP have not been investigated. This study aims to simulate and project GWS in the NCP during 2005–2050 by incorporating effects of water diversion, water use, and climate variability. The high‐resolution Community Water Model with 30 arcsec spatial resolution was set up to assess interactions between water demand and availability by simulating surface water and groundwater abstraction dynamically. Results show that water diversion and reductions in water use may increase GWS over the NCP in 2050 by 144 mm (19 km3) and 573 mm (75 km3), respectively. Evaluation of GWS among different scenarios shows that combinations of factors, including water use reductions, water diversion, and precipitation variability can contribute up to 73%, 37%, and 32% to GWS stability, respectively. This study highlights the contributions of different management strategies toward sustainable GWS and the importance of water conservation along with diversions.
An Objective Time‐Series‐Analysis Method for Rainfall‐Runoff Event Identification
Authors: Giani G. , Tarasova L. , Woods R. A. , Rico‐Ramirez M. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethodologies for rainfall‐runoff event identification from continuous time series suffer from significant subjectivity. In particular, whether they initiate the identification from rainfall or from the streamflow timeseries, they usually require baseflow separation and they need substantial modifications and parameters’ recalibration when changing temporal resolution of the data. Therefore, here we propose a novel objective methodology for event identification that is easily transferable across sites and temporal resolutions, without having to make subjective choices and adjust multiple parameters. The proposed method to identify rainfall‐runoff events is based on a time series analysis technique that simultaneously considers rainfall and streamflow time series and does not make any a priori assumptions about baseflow separation. The novel method allows also to produce a baseflow separation a posteriori by connecting the delimiters of identified streamflow events. Moreover, the proposed method can be applied at any time resolution as long as the resolution is high enough to capture the time delay between precipitation and runoff response. When comparing the results between the proposed and the traditional baseflow‐based event identification approach, we observe a good agreement in terms of event properties both at hourly and daily scale (correlation of runoff ratios between the two methods equal to 0.78 [daily data] and 0.84 [hourly data]). The analysis comparing hourly and daily event identifications with the proposed method reveals also that the novel method produces coherent events across different temporal resolutions (correlation of runoff ratios between daily and hourly data equal to 0.71).
The role of complement C5a receptor in DPSC odontoblastic differentiation and in vivo reparative dentin formation
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Kim Ji-Hyun , Marzban Hassan , Reed David A. , George Anne , Cooper Lyndon F. , Chung Seung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTherapeutic dentin regeneration remains difficult to achieve, and a majority of the attention has been given to anabolic strategies to promote dentinogenesis directly, whereas, the available literature is insufficient to understand the role of inflammation and inflammatory complement system on dentinogenesis. The aim of this study is to determine the role of complement C5a receptor (C5aR) in regulating dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation and in vivo dentin regeneration. Human DPSCs were subjected to odontogenic differentiation in osteogenic media treated with the C5aR agonist and C5aR antagonist. In vivo dentin formation was evaluated using the dentin injury/pulp-capping model of the C5a-deficient and wild-type mice. In vitro results demonstrate that C5aR inhibition caused a substantial reduction in odontogenic DPSCs differentiation markers such as DMP-1 and DSPP, while the C5aR activation increased these key odontogenic genes compared to control. A reparative dentin formation using the C5a-deficient mice shows that dentin regeneration is significantly reduced in the C5a-deficient mice. These data suggest a positive role of C5aR in the odontogenic DPSCs differentiation and tertiary/reparative dentin formation. This study addresses a novel regulatory pathway and a therapeutic approach for improving the efficiency of dentin regeneration in affected teeth.
Structural biology of SARS-CoV-2: open the door for novel therapies
Authors: Yan Weizhu , Zheng Yanhui , Zeng Xiaotao , He Bin , Cheng Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the pandemic disease COVID-19, which is so far without efficacious treatment. The discovery of therapy reagents for treating COVID-19 are urgently needed, and the structures of the potential drug-target proteins in the viral life cycle are particularly important. SARS-CoV-2, a member of the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily containing the largest RNA genome, encodes 29 proteins including nonstructural, structural and accessory proteins which are involved in viral adsorption, entry and uncoating, nucleic acid replication and transcription, assembly and release, etc. These proteins individually act as a partner of the replication machinery or involved in forming the complexes with host cellular factors to participate in the essential physiological activities. This review summarizes the representative structures and typically potential therapy agents that target SARS-CoV-2 or some critical proteins for viral pathogenesis, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying viral infection, prevention of infection, and treatment. Indeed, these studies open the door for COVID therapies, leading to ways to prevent and treat COVID-19, especially, treatment of the disease caused by the viral variants are imperative.
Patients in complete remission after R-CHOP(-like) therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have limited excess use of health care services in Denmark
Authors: Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Øvlisen Andreas Kiesbye , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Bæch Joachim , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Glimelius Ingrid , Gang Anne Ortved , Jørgensen Judit Mészáros , Frederiksen Henrik , Poulsen Christian Bjørn , Clausen Michael Roost , Pedersen Per Trøllund , Pedersen Robert Schou , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Eloranta Sandra , El-Galaly Tarec Christoffer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor most patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), R-CHOP immunochemotherapy leads to complete remission and 60–70% of patients remain progression-free after 5 years. Given a median age of 65, it is relevant to disentangle how DLBCL and DLBCL therapy influence health care use among the survivors. In this nationwide study, the health care use among Danish DLBCL patients diagnosed in 2007–2015, who achieved complete remission after R-CHOP(-like) therapy, was explored and compared to matched comparators from the Danish general population. The post-remission 5-year risk of hospitalization was significantly higher among DLBCL survivors (55%) compared to matched comparators (49%, P < 0.001). DLBCL survivors had on average 10.3 (9.3–11.3) inpatient bed days within 5 years of response evaluation, whereas matched comparators had 8.4 (7.9–8.8). The rate of outpatient visits was also significantly higher(excluding routine follow-up visits, incidence rate ratio, 1.3, P < 0.001), but translated into only a very small absolute difference of <1 outpatient visits within 5 years between DLBCL survivors (4.2 visits, 95% CI, 4.0–4.4) and matched comparators (3.8 visits, 95% CI, 3.7–3.9). In conclusion, DLBCL survivors have an increased incidence of hospital visits due to a wide range of conditions, but in absolute terms the excess use of health care services in DLBCL survivors was small.
Transfer of the longevity-associated variant of BPIFB4 gene rejuvenates immune system and vasculature by a reduction of CD38+ macrophages and NAD+ decline
Authors: Ciaglia Elena , Lopardo Valentina , Montella Francesco , Carrizzo Albino , Di Pietro Paola , Malavolta Marco , Giacconi Robertina , Orlando Fiorenza , Cattaneo Monica , Madeddu Paolo , Vecchione Carmine , Puca Annibale Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs we age, our body experiences chronic, systemic inflammation contributing to the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. The senescent immune system has been described to have a causal role in driving systemic aging and therefore may represent a key therapeutic target to prevent pathological consequences associated with aging and extend a healthy lifespan. Previous studies from our group associated a polymorphic haplotype variant in the BPIFB4 gene (LAV-BPIFB4) with exceptional longevity. Transfer of the LAV-BPIFB4 in preclinical models halted the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and frailty by counterbalancing chronic inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to delineate the action of systemic adeno-associated viral vector-mediated LAV-BPIFB4 gene transfer (AAV-LAV-BPIFB4) on the deleterious age-related changes of the immune system and thereby the senescence-associated events occurring in C57BL/6J mice aged 26 months. Our in vivo data showed that 26-months-old mice had a higher frequency of CD45+SA-beta Gal+immune cells in peripheral blood than young (4-months-old) C57BL/6J mice. Notably, AAV-LAV-BPIFB4 gene transfer in aged mice reduced the pool of peripheral immunosenescent cells that were shown to be enriched in the spleen. In addition, the proper tuning of the immune secretory phenotype (IL1βlow, IL6low, IL10high) associated with a significant reduction in SA-beta Gal-positive area of aorta from AAV-LAV treated mice. At the functional level, the reduction of senescence-associated inflammation ensured sustained NAD+levels in the plasma of AAV-LAV-BPIFB4 old mice by preventing the NADase CD38 increase in F4/80+ tissue-resident macrophages and Ly6Chighpro-inflammatory monocytes of the spleen and bone marrow. Finally, to validate the clinical implication of our findings, we showed that Long-living-individuals (LLIs, >95 years), which delay CVDs onset, especially if LAV-carriers, were characterized by high NAD+levels. In conclusion, the new senotherapeutic action of LAV-BPIFB4 may offer a valuable therapeutic tool to control aging and reduce the burden of its pathophysiological disorders, such as CVDs.
A molecular atlas of innate immunity to adjuvanted and live attenuated vaccines, in mice
Authors: Lee Audrey , Scott Madeleine K. D. , Wimmers Florian , Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Luo Wei , Fox Christopher B. , Tomai Mark , Khatri Purvesh , Pulendran Bali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdjuvants hold great potential in enhancing vaccine efficacy, making the understanding and improving of adjuvants critical goals in vaccinology. The TLR7/8 agonist, 3M-052, induces long-lived humoral immunity in non-human primates and is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials. However, the innate mechanisms of 3M-052 have not been fully characterized. Here, we perform flow cytometry, single cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to profile the kinetics, transcriptomics and epigenomics of innate immune cells in murine draining lymph nodes following 3M-052-Alum/Ovalbumin immunization. We find that 3M-052-Alum/OVA induces a robust antiviral and interferon gene program, similar to the yellow fever vaccine, which is known to confer long-lasting protection. Activation of myeloid cells in dLNs persists through day 28 and single cell analysis reveals putative TF-gene regulatory programs in distinct myeloid cells and heterogeneity of monocytes. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptomics and epigenomics of innate populations in the dLNs after vaccination.
Polycrystalline morphology and mechanical strength of nanotube fibers
Authors: Gupta Nitant , Penev Evgeni S. , Yakobson Boris I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCorrelating mechanical performance with mesoscale structure is fundamental for the design and optimization of light and strong fibers (or any composites), most promising being those from carbon nanotubes. In all forms of nanotube fiber production strategies, due to tubes’ mutual affinity, some degree of bundling into liquid crystal-like domains can be expected, causing heterogeneous load transfer within and outside these domains, and having a direct impact on the fiber strength. By employing large-scale coarse-grained simulations, we demonstrate that the strengthsof nanotube fibers with characteristic domain sizeDscales ass ~ 1/D, while the degree of longitudinal/axial disorder within the domains (akin to a smectic ↔ nematic phase transition) can substantially mitigate this dependence.
The 1-minute sit-to-stand test to detect desaturation during 6-minute walk test in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Oishi Keiji , Matsunaga Kazuto , Asami-Noyama Maki , Yamamoto Tasuku , Hisamoto Yukari , Fujii Tetsuya , Harada Misa , Suizu Junki , Murakawa Keita , Chikumoto Ayumi , Matsuda Kazuki , Kanesada Haruka , Kikuchi Yujiro , Hamada Kazuki , Uehara Sho , Suetake Ryo , Ohata Syuichiro , Murata Yoriyuki , Yamaji Yoshikazu , Sakamoto Kenji , Ito Kosuke , Osoreda Hisayuki , Edakuni Nobutaka , Kakugawa Tomoyuki , Hirano Tsunahiko , Yano Masafumi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the 6 min walk test (6MWT) is well-established for assessing desaturation in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), it cannot be easily performed in primary healthcare settings. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1STST) for assessing desaturation during 6MWT in ILD patients with normal resting blood oxygen levels. We included 116 patients, and the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) for both methods was analyzed. The SpO2 nadir during the 1STST and 6MWT correlated strongly (ρ = 0.82). The frequency of patients with nadir SpO2 < 90% was consistent for both tests (κ = 0.82). 1STST was superior to diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in detecting desaturation during the 6MWT. These findings were similarly stratified according to performance status or dyspnea scale. The 1STST can easily measure exertional desaturation in ILD patients with normal resting blood oxygen levels and is an alternative to the 6MWT.
Xor-And-Inverter Graphs for Quantum Compilation
Authors: Meuli Giulia , Soeken Mathias , De Micheli Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantum compilation is the task of translating a high-level description of a quantum algorithm into a sequence of low-level quantum operations. We propose and motivate the use of Xor-And-Inverter Graphs (XAG) to specify Boolean functions for quantum compilation. We present three different XAG-based compilation algorithms to synthesize quantum circuits in the Clifford + T library, hence targeting fault-tolerant quantum computing. The algorithms are designed to minimize relevant cost functions, such as the number of qubits, the T-count, and the T-depth, while allowing the flexibility of exploring different solutions. We present novel resource estimation results for relevant cryptographic and arithmetic benchmarks. The achieved results show a significant reduction in both T-count and T-depth when compared with the state-of-the-art.
Metabolomic profiling to detect different forms of beef fraud using rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS)
Authors: Robson Kelsey , Birse Nicholas , Chevallier Olivier , Elliott Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic food fraud is a significant challenge in the food testing sector—high price premiums, ease of access to produce to be relabelled and difficulties in developing testing strategies that can detect such frauds make organic foods particularly attractive and thus highly vulnerable to fraud. Samples of conventional and organic cattle taken across meat plants in Ireland and the United Kingdom, consisting of the neck (supraspinatus), rump (gluteus), and shin (flexor carpi radialis) regions of the carcass were analysed using a high resolution time-of-flight based rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) system. The resulting untargeted lipidomic data (m/z 600–1000) was used to generate PCA-LDA models for production system and for muscle type, for these models, it was found that the production system model could differentiate organic from conventional beef with an accuracy of 84%, whilst the muscle type model could identify the cut of meat with a 98% accuracy; additionally, samples can be assessed against multiple models simultaneously, reducing analysis time and sample numbers. The use of REIMS showed considerable promise in its ability to detect different forms of meat fraud; its accuracy in differentiating organic from conventional beef is superior to stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry, with the added advantages of substantially shorter analysis times and lower sample analysis costs. The ability to rapidly confirm the cut of meat also demonstrates the potential of REIMS to concurrently determine multiple aspects of beef authenticity in a close to real time analysis.